bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Separation of Lithium and Imidazolium Ions Using a Cation Exchange Membrane
Authors: Xue Jingyi , Meng Xiang , Wang Runci , Yuan Zhongwei , Zheng Weifang
Published: April 2024

The separation of Li+ and [Bmim]+(1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium) using a cation exchange membrane in an electric field is studied in this work. The effects of the type of cation exchange membrane, current density, total cation concentration, temperature, and anion types on the separation efficiency are investigated. The results indicate that it is feasible to achieve the efficient separation of Li+ and [Bmim]+ using the selectivity of cation exchange membranes under an electric field. The CIMS membrane (a type of cation exchange membrane produced by ASTOM Corporation) shows obvious selectivity of Li+ from [Bmim]+. When the current density is 5 mA/cm2 and the feed concentrations of Li+ and [Bmim]+ are 0.3 mol/L and 0.2 mol/L, respectively, the selective transport coefficient of CIMS can reach 5.9 in the first 120 min of the process. The separation efficiency can be effectively improved by reducing the current density and increasing the total cation concentration. Decreasing the feed temperature can slightly improve the separation efficiency. Changing the type of anion in the feed from chloride to acetate has no detectable effect on the separation.
Adsorption of Fluoride from Water Using Aluminum-Coated Silica Adsorbents: Comparison of Silica Sand and Microcrystalline Silica
Authors: Modaresahmadi Kiana , Khodadoust Amid P. , Wescott James
Published: April 2024

Two aluminum-coated silica adsorbents were evaluated using silica sand and microcrystalline silica as aluminum-oxide-based adsorbents with different crystalline silica base materials. The aluminum coating contained mainly amorphous aluminum oxides for both aluminum-coated silica adsorbents. The adsorption of fluoride onto both adsorbents was favorable according to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations, while the physical adsorption of fluoride occurred for both adsorbents according to the Dubinin–Raduskevish (D-R) equation. The adsorption of fluoride was stronger for aluminum-coated silica sand based on adsorption parameters from the Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R adsorption equations, with the stronger binding of fluoride likely due to the observed greater specific adsorption. The adsorption capacity determined using the Langmuir equation was about 7 times greater for aluminum-coated microcrystalline silica primarily due to the 1.22-orders-of-magnitude-larger surface area of aluminum-coated microcrystalline silica, whereas the surface-normalized adsorption capacity was 2.4 times greater for aluminum-coated silica sand, possibly due to more aluminum being present on the surface of silica sand. Fluoride adsorption occurred over a broad pH range from 3 to 10 for both adsorbents, with nearly the same pHPZC of 9.6, while aluminum-coated microcrystalline silica displayed a higher selectivity for fluoride adsorption from different natural water sources.
Cymbopogon citratus Water Extract and Methyl Jasmonate Improve Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Taiwanofungus camphoratus Mycelia
Authors: Wen Yeyan , Lin Zixuan , Lin Dongmei , Lin Biaosheng , Chen Gexin , Lin Zhanxi , Li Jing
Published: April 2024

A rare medicinal fungus called Taiwanofungus camphoratus gives people resistance to illness. In order to effectively obtain high−quality T. camphoratus mycelia, we added Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) water extract (LWE), which was prepared using hot water and dry lemongrass leaves and methyl jasmonate (MJ) as an additive, in order to cultivate T. camphoratus mycelia. The components of LWE were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as glucose (61.66%) and galactose (17.10%). Compare to the basal medium, 0.5–2.5 g·L−1 LWE and 5–25 μmol·L−1 MJ can enhance the proliferation of mycelia and the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Among them, the T. camphoratus mycelia growth rate increased to 1.292 ± 0.01 cm·d−1 and 1.285 ± 0.05 cm·d−1, improving by 2.5 g·L−1 LWE and 25 μmol·L−1 MJ, respectively. PUFAs are mainly composed of linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA). The contents of LA and OA were 0.28 ± 0.02 mg·g−1 and 0.23 ± 0.05 mg·g−1 after MJ treatment, while the contents of LA and OA were 0.08 ± 0.03 mg·g−1 and 0.05 ± 0.05 mg·g−1 after LWE treatment. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 367 and 232 genes within MJ and LWE treatment were significantly different from the basal medium. Out of 13 unigenes, FAD2−2, SCD, and FAD2−1 had the highest expression levels according to the quantitative RT−PCR result. The bioinformatics analysis showed that three genes are closely related to the M8 chromosome of T. camphoratus, and they are hydrophobic transmembrane proteins. The identification and investigation of fatty acid genes in T. camphoratus mycelia will be improved by our findings.
Are Stakeholders’ Opinions Redundant?
Authors: Carlsen Lars
Published: April 2024

Decision-making, bringing in the opinions of several stakeholders, may be a rather time- and resource-demanding process. Partial order-based methods like generalized linear aggregation (GLA) and average ranking appear as advantageous tools for considering several stakeholders’ opinions simultaneously. The present study presents an approach where stakeholders’ opinions/weights are substituted by a series of randomly generated weight regimes, leading to virtually identical rankings as demonstrated through comparisons to examples where true stakeholder opinions are applied, as demonstrated through a study on food sustainability. This study showed a high degree of agreement between the ranking based on random data and that based on real stakeholder data. The method, which is a top-down approach to the decision process, appears to be a highly resource-reducing decision-supporting process. However, the method, by default, excludes the possibility of incorporating specific knowledge from, e.g., employees or other stakeholders in the decision process.
Towards Sustainable Eating Habits of Generation Z: Perception of and Willingness to Pay for Plant-Based Meat Alternatives
Authors: Meixner Oliver , Malleier Michael , Haas Rainer
Published: April 2024

Within the food sector, there is a growing embrace of meat substitutes as a more sustainable alternative to meat, driven by ethical, environmental, and health considerations. This study aims to explore consumer behavior and willingness to pay (WTP) for plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs), illustrated by the example of vegan burger patties. The sample of the study (n = 433) consists of young consumers roughly below 30 years of age, known as Generation Z (Gen Z). The study aims to (1) assess of the importance of PBMA attributes to Gen Z, and (2) approximate Gen Z’s willingness to pay for specific PBMA attribute levels. A choice-based conjoint analysis was used to assess Gen Z’s preferences for meat substitutes. The findings indicate that the most crucial PBMA attribute is origin, followed by price and the primary vegan ingredient. Notably, Gen Z values domestic and EU-sourced products positively, contrasting with the negative perception of third-country imports. Organic production is associated with a positive part-worth utility, whereas the attribute fat content has almost no impact. Consequently, WTP is approximated to be the highest for products of domestic origin compared to the significant discount required for non-EU origin. All other attribute levels have a much lower impact. Despite sociodemographic variables, the respondents’ eating habits (vegan, vegetarian, etc.) most significantly influence the approximation of the importance of some of the PBMA attributes, in particular price and primary ingredient.
Study on Tourism Responsiveness and Habitat Environment-Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Huizhou Area
Authors: Wang Xin , Lai Jingjing , Guo Yanlong
Published: April 2024

The tourism market for traditional villages in China is expanding, with the Huizhou region being particularly prominent. Traditional villages offer rich tourism resources. To ensure sustainable tourism development in the Huizhou region, this text explores the issues of tourism responsiveness and the sustainability impacts on the human environment in the development of traditional villages. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method is used to analyze the evaluation index system of the tourism response in Huizhou. Based on the three criteria of village resource endowment conditions, local economic development environment, and regional tourism development environment, a set of twenty indicators has been selected to establish an evaluation system for the tourism responsiveness of traditional villages in Huizhou. Feasible suggestions have been proposed to address the existing problems and the results of the data analysis in order to further improve tourism responsiveness. This study offers fundamental research for the sustainable development of traditional villages in Huizhou and the enhancement of tourism services in these areas. The results of this study show the following. (1) The highest weighting coefficient of the guideline layer of the garden green area affects the development of village tourism. (2) The high density of cultural heritage in traditional villages is conducive to the improvement of the service level and quality of the traditional village tourism, which will make the traditional villages more culturally connotative. (3) By studying the proportion of the tertiary industry in the GDP of the Huizhou region and its trend of change, it is possible to assess and study whether the tertiary industry’s development is in line with the law of industrial structure evolution. This also helps us to optimize and adjust the important impact of the tourism industry structure in the Huizhou area. (4) The tourism reception can be based on the data concerning passenger flow and scenic spots to plan the number of tourists and excursion routes, as well as optimize the service facilities, in order to alleviate the overcrowding situation, improve the experience of the tourists and satisfy the needs of the tourists.
Sustainable Suppliers-to-Consumers’ Sales Mode Selection for Perishable Goods Considering the Blockchain-Based Tracking System
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Cao Xiaoning
Published: April 2024

Given the significant product spoilages of perishable goods transported over long distances, they are usually sold from suppliers to consumers through an offline direct channel. Sustainable suppliers can utilize the blockchain-based tracking system (BTS) to reduce product spoilages, enabling the spoilage reduction effect, and offer authentic information, triggering the premium effect. With the advent of e-commerce, they can now opt for an online direct channel, setting the online direct price as either non-different or different from the offline direct price, and have to face challenges in selecting the optimal sales mode. This paper addresses these complexities by developing a mathematical model to construct a sustainable suppliers-to-consumers pricing model, incorporating the BTS, in the perishable goods market. Our research reveals that the decision to adopt the BTS hinges on factors like the spoilage reduction effect, premium effect, production cost, and tag cost, with the premium effect outweighing the spoilage-reduction effect. The necessity of using the BTS grows with extended circulation times, where the BTS significantly reduces spoilages during transportation, fostering sustainable development. While sustainable suppliers may not always bear the tag cost independently, they can adjust their pricing strategies automatically and pass the tag cost to consumers for more profit. The BTS adoption decision does not influence the optimal sales mode selection strategy. The offline direct channel offers the highest profit for suppliers, followed by the Online to Offline (O2O) direct channel with differential pricing, and the O2O direct channel with non-differential pricing yields the lowest profit.
Coexistence of Tourism in Urban Planning: Active Living, Social Sustainability, and Inclusivity
Authors: Liasidou Sotiroula , Stylianou Christiana
Published: April 2024

In any city, various social groups coexist and need to have a harmonious symbiosis and optimise how people experience the city. The notion of urban planning incorporates positive city development that is active, socially sustainable, and inclusive. This study aims to identify whether the development of the Mediterranean city of Limassol, Cyprus extends to cover the needs of people with disabilities (PwD), residents, and tourists, emphasising physical impairments regarding the facilities and services provided. Limassol, Cyprus is an interesting case because recent developments aim to establish the city as a friendly living space with varied activities and services. Additionally, the city attracts tourists, and such development can be a competitive advantage as a tourism destination. Semi-structured interviews with PwD have been conducted to analyse their views, aiming to identify the extent to which existing infrastructure and services align with an inclusive model within the framework of sustainability, encompassing the notion of an active city. According to the findings, local government via municipal and tourism authorities should consider inclusivity in all aspects when re-developing urban settings by ensuring accessibility for PwD and offering more services that adhere to the requirements of an active, socially sustainable, and inclusive city.
Osculating Type Ruled Surfaces with Type-2 Bishop Frame in E3
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Kalkan Özgür , Şenyurt Süleyman
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work is to investigate osculating type ruled surfaces with a type 2-Bishop frame in E3. We accomplish this by employing the symmetry of osculating curves. We examine osculating type ruled surfaces by taking into account the curvatures of the base curve. We investigate the geometric properties of these surfaces, focusing on their cylindrical and developable characteristics. Moreover, we calculate the Gaussian and mean curvatures and provide the requirements for the surface to be flat and minimal. We determine the requirements for the curves lying on this surface to be geodesic, asymptotic curves, or lines of curvature. Furthermore, relations between osculating type ruled surfaces with central tangent and central normal vectors are given. Finally, some examples of these surfaces are presented.
Research on Dynamic Scheduling and Route Optimization Strategy of Flex-Route Transit Considering Travel Choice Preference of Passenger
Authors: Zhang Jin , Guo Rongrong , Li Wenquan
Published: April 2024

In this paper, to improve the operational service capability and attractiveness of the flex-route transit system, the real dynamic interaction scenario between passenger travel choice preference and system operation scheme in the post-pandemic era is described and quantified. The key technologies, operation mode, system framework, and interactive events required for dynamic interactive scheduling and route planning of flex-route transit are summarized. According to different choice preferences, the corresponding dynamic interaction scheduling strategies and route mixed integer programming model are proposed. An optimization scheme to improve the service capability of the system is introduced and analyzed. The computational results based on real-world cases show that the proposed strategy can better handle the relationship between requirements of transit system operation and requests of passengers without increasing operating costs, significantly improving the service performance of flex-route transit and the choice rate of passengers. We also find that the introduction of optimization schemes and the adjustment of passenger fares constitute a win-win strategy that benefits both passengers and transit operators.
Protocirrineris stormae: A New Species of Polychaete from The Netherlands (Annelida: Polychaeta: Cirratulidae)
Authors: Lezzi Marco , Van Haaren Ton
Published: April 2024

Specimens belonging to a new species in the genus Protocirrineris have been found during surveys along the southwestern coasts of the Netherlands. Protocirrineris stormae sp. nov, as described herein, were collected from the muddy bottom sediments in enclosed marine waterbodies and estuaries. This species is characterized by branchiae commencing from the first chaetiger and tentacular filaments arranged in two groups arising from chaetigers 2–3 that present one/two pairs of lobes, each bearing a single dorsal tentacle. From the current records of this species, it seems that P. stormae has an affinity for enclosed marine environments or parts of estuaries with minimal variability in salinity, higher transparency, and normal temperature regime. The discovery and study of this species contributes to a comprehensive characterization of benthic fauna in locations subjected to particular environmental stresses. Considering the extensive dataset available from the Southwestern Netherlands due to many years of sampling, it is plausible that P. stormae is a pseudo-indigenous species as there seem to be no records of similar or unknown Protocirrineris before 2013.
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy after Botulinum Toxin Injection for Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Spasticity: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Lee Junhee , Yang Seung Nam
Published: April 2024

Post-stroke spasticity is a common complication that limits the functional performance of patients. Botulinum toxin (BTx) is an effective treatment for spasticity. Numerous researchers have applied extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to address post-stroke spasticity, yielding positive clinical outcomes. We aimed to clarify the add-on effects of ESWT on BTx therapy for spasticity in patients with post-stroke. Sixteen eligible patients with upper extremity spasticity after stroke were recruited for this study. They were randomized to either a BTx with focused ESWT treatment group or a BTx alone group. Spasticity, measured using the modified Ashworth score (MAS) and modified Tardieu scale (MTS), showed statistically significant improvements in the elbow and wrist flexor muscles in both BTx + ESWT group and BTx alone groups. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups with time flow. The BTx + ESWT group showed significantly decreased MAS of the finger flexors at follow-up and increased R1 (MTS) of the finger flexors at 3 weeks after treatment, which was not observed in the BTx alone group. This is the first study to identify the add-on effect of ESWT on BTx injections to improve post-stroke upper limb spasticity.
Identification of New Microfoci and Genetic Characterization of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Eastern Germany and Western Poland
Authors: Król Nina , Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Dobler Gerhard , Kiewra Dorota , Czułowska Aleksandra , Obiegala Anna , Zajkowska Joanna , Juretzek Thomas , Pfeffer Martin
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important tick-borne viral disease in Eurasia, although effective vaccines are available. Caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, syn. Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis), in Europe, it is transmitted by ticks like Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. TBEV circulates in natural foci, making it endemic to specific regions, such as southern Germany and northeastern Poland. Our study aimed to identify new TBEV natural foci and genetically characterize strains in ticks in previously nonendemic areas in Eastern Germany and Western Poland. (2) Methods: Ticks were collected from vegetation in areas reported by TBE patients. After identification, ticks were tested for TBEV in pools of a maximum of 10 specimens using real-time RT-PCR. From the positive TBEV samples, E genes were sequenced. (3) Results: Among 8400 ticks from 19 sites, I. ricinus (n = 4784; 56.9%) was predominant, followed by D. reticulatus (n = 3506; 41.7%), Haemaphysalis concinna (n = 108; 1.3%), and I. frontalis (n = 2; <0.1%). TBEV was detected in 19 pools originating in six sites. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that TBEV strains from Germany and Poland clustered with other German strains, as well as those from Finland and Estonia. (4) Conclusions: Although there are still only a few cases are reported from these areas, people spending much time outdoors should consider TBE vaccination.
Vitamin D Levels and SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Medically Underserved Populations in the Minority and Rural Coronavirus Insights Study
Authors: Coudray Makella S. , Hansel Shantoy , Alesci Salvatore , Meyer William A. , Christenson Robert H. , Landry Latrice G. , Edwards Christina , Puckrein Gary , Forney Derrick J. , Akinboboye Ola
Published: April 2024

Background: Extant literature presents contradictory findings on the role of vitamin D on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study included an examination of the relationship between vitamin D levels and SARS-CoV-2 infection among the Minority and Rural Coronavirus Insights Study (MRCIS) cohort, a diverse population of medically underserved persons presenting at five Federally qualified health centers in the United States. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and SARS-CoV-2 infection among medically underserved participants. A combined molecular and serologic assessment was used to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vitamin D was examined as both a categorical (vitamin D status: deficient, insufficient, optimal) and continuous (vitamin D level) variable. Chi-squared testing, polynomial regression models, and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: The overall SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among participants was 25.9%. Most participants were either vitamin D deficient (46.5%) or insufficient (29.7%), and 23.8% had an optimal level. Vitamin D status was significantly associated with key SARS-CoV-2 infection risk factors. As mean vitamin D levels increased, the proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased. For every 10 ng/mL increase in vitamin D levels the odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased by 12% when adjusting for race/ethnicity and age (main effect model). Participants who identified as Hispanic/Latino or Black non-Hispanic had approximately two times increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection when adjusting for age and vitamin D levels compared to white non-Hispanics. However, when additional factors were added to the main effect model, the relationship between vitamin D levels and SARS-CoV-2 infection did not remain significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hispanic/Latino and Black, non-Hispanic compared to White, non-Hispanic participants were at increased odds for infection, after adjusting for race/ethnicity and age.
The Papain-like Protease Domain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Conjugated with Human Beta-Defensin 2 and Co1 Induces Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses against the Virus
Authors: Cho Byeol-Hee , Kim Ju , Jang Yong-Suk
Published: April 2024

Most of the licensed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 target spike proteins to induce viral neutralizing antibodies. However, currently prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants contain many mutations, especially in their spike proteins. The development of vaccine antigens with conserved sequences that cross-react with variants of SARS-CoV-2 is needed to effectively defend against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that viral infection is initiated in the respiratory mucosa, strengthening the mucosal immune response would provide effective protection. We constructed a mucosal vaccine antigen using the papain-like protease (PLpro) domain of non-structural protein 3 of SARS-CoV-2. To potentiate the mucosal immune response, PLpro was combined with human beta-defensin 2, an antimicrobial peptide with mucosal immune adjuvant activity, and Co1, an M-cell-targeting ligand. Intranasal administration of the recombinant PLpro antigen conjugate into C57BL/6 and hACE2 knock-in (KI) mice induced antigen-specific T-cell and antibody responses with complement-dependent cytotoxic activity. Viral challenge experiments using the Wuhan and Delta strains of SARS-CoV-2 provided further evidence that immunized hACE2 KI mice were protected against viral challenge infections. Our study shows that PLpro is a useful candidate vaccine antigen against SARS-CoV-2 infection and that the inclusion of human beta-defensin 2 and Co1 in the recombinant construct may enhance the efficacy of the vaccine.
Tackling the Phylogeny of Lampreys—Insight from the Croatia’s Danube Basin
Authors: Pleše Sara , Buj Ivana
Published: April 2024

This research addresses the pressing issue of protecting endangered lamprey species in Croatia, a crucial element in preserving biodiversity, particularly in the face of increasing human-induced impacts on natural ecosystems due to global warming. Lampreys, a group of vertebrates with an ancient lineage, are not fully understood taxonomically, posing a challenge to conservation efforts. In the Danube and Adriatic basins of Croatia, where lampreys are found, the lack of modern molecular methods and analyses has hindered an accurate determination of species numbers. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing the genetic diversity and structure of identified lamprey species and lineages in Croatia using the gene for cytochrome b. The research revealed four distinct lineages within the species Eudontomyzon vladykovi Oliva and Zanandrea, 1959 and confirmed the presence of the species Eudontomyzon danfordi Regan, 1911 in Croatia. Genetic diversity and differentiation tests, coupled with molecular diagnostic analyses, indicated moderate to high levels of genetic diversity within and between the identified species and lineages, emphasizing the deep structuring within Eudontomyzon vladykovi species. These results highlight the significance of understanding lamprey taxonomy and genetic diversity for effective conservation. The study provides important insights into the intricate relationships and conservation needs of lampreys, and provides a basis for future discussions involving additional genetic markers. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, and genetic diversity of lampreys, we can ensure their conservation and that of associated ecosystems.
Experimental Investigation of Leakage Flow Rate and Fluidisation beneath Polyethylene Pipes in Non-Uniform Soils
Authors: Sharafodin Shahab , Latifi Milad , Ghodsian Masoud
Published: April 2024

Soil fluidisation around buried pipes is one of the water leakage effects that has a direct influence on the ultimate failure of pipelines. In this research, using a laboratory model, the fluidisation caused by water leakage from three cracks with three lengths (14, 17, and 20 mm) and a 3 mm diameter hole for five pressures (1.5–5.5 bar) in non-uniform soils has been evaluated. The experiments were carried out both for pipes buried in soil, as well as exposed pipes. In the buried pipe tests, leakage flow rate, fluidisation, and mobile bed zone dimensions were investigated. The results showed that the increase in leakage flow rate due to an increase in pressure and crack length in exposed pipes is higher than in buried pipes. The exponent of the leakage–pressure relationship was obtained between 0.40 and 0.47 for the hole and between 0.8 and 1.9 in the crack. Observing different development patterns for fluidisation and mobile bed zones in cracks and holes, new relationships are presented for the height, width, and cross-sectional area of the leakage zones.
Water and Energy Sustainability of Swimming Pools: A Case Model on the Costa Brava, Catalonia
Authors: Gomez-Guillen Juan-Jose , Arimany-Serrat Núria , Tapias Baqué David , Giménez David
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to propose a more sustainable swimming pool, in terms of water and energy, in the Costa Brava area. The methodology is focused on the creation of a descriptive water and energy model for swimming pools and their monitoring, to propose the transition to a more sustainable swimming pool, in the context of climate change. The research is characterized by an exploratory, descriptive, and simulation approach to adapt swimming pools to the new requirements. Two significant impacts are highlighted from the perspective of water and energy stress—the carbon footprint, related to environmental impact and climate change, and the new business models of the sector, for a more sustainable tourism, with more sustainable pools. In terms of water balance, evaporation is an important variable and there are technical solutions on the market to control it, such as the use of covers. Furthermore, the modeling and simulation carried out helps to calculate the variable as a tool for improvement. For energy balance, in outdoor pools, pumping is an important variable and there are technologies, such as speed variation, that make it possible to reduce this. Furthermore, it should be noted that this research represents an important tool for the improvement of sustainability and operability for the various stakeholders, especially owners and governments, to face climate change, which is becoming increasingly critical for many regions.
Evaluation of the Effects of Pre-Grouting in Combination with Group Holes on the Risk of Water Inrush through Coal Seam Floors
Authors: Tian Shiyuan , Gao Chunfang , Yue Junchao , Heng Peiguo , Guo Shuitao , Wang Xinyi
Published: April 2024

Coal mine pre-grouting is an important means to reduce the risk of coal seam floor water inrush, and the scientific evaluation of its effects is an important basis for the formulation of water control countermeasures and the realization of safe mining. This paper takes the Guhanshan Mine 15,051 working face grouting project as the research object and selects the grouting volume, the length of the meter grouting, the dry material value in tons of water, the complexity of faults, and the threat of water inrush at the working face as the index factors with which to evaluate the effectiveness of the grouting. The geological structure is quantified by fractal theory. The subjective, objective, and comprehensive weights of the index factors are determined by the analytic hierarchy process, the CRITIC method, and the combination weighting method. The grouting effect on the working face is quantitatively identified by the fuzzy variable set comprehensive evaluation model, and zoning is carried out. The research shows that the areas with optimal, good, qualified, and poor grouting effect at the 15,051 working face account for 4.66%, 74.34%, 21.00%, and 0% of the working face area, respectively, and the proportion at the level of qualified or above accounts for 100%. The safety results at the 15,051 working face prove that the selected evaluation index factors are representative, the established model is reliable, and the evaluation results are in line with actual conditions.
Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review
Authors: Homavand Anahita , Cree Duncan E. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: April 2024

Statistics reveal that egg production has increased in recent decades. This growth suggests there is a global rise in available eggshell biomass due to the current underutilization of this bio-waste material. A number of different applications for waste eggshells (WEGs) are known, that include their use as an additive in human/animal food, soil amendment, cosmetics, catalyst, sorbent, and filler in polymer composites. In this article, worldwide egg production and leading countries are examined, in addition to a discussion of the various applications of eggshell biomass. Eggshells are a rich supplement of calcium carbonate; therefore, they can be added as a particulate filler to polymer composites. In turn, the addition of a lower-cost filler, such as eggshell or calcium carbonate, can reduce overall material fabrication costs. Polylactic acid (PLA) is currently a high-demand biopolymer, where the fabrication of PLA composites has gained increasing attention due to its eco-friendly properties. In this review, PLA composites that contain calcium carbonate or eggshells are emphasized, and the mechanical properties of the composites (e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile elastic modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break) are investigated. The results from this review reveal that the addition of eggshell/calcium carbonate to PLA reduces the tensile and flexural strength of PLA composites, whereas an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break of composites are described herein.
Leveraging 5G Technology to Investigate Energy Consumption and CPU Load at the Edge in Vehicular Networks
Authors: Merzougui Salah Eddine , Limani Xhulio , Gavrielides Andreas , Palazzi Claudio Enrico , Marquez-Barja Johann
Published: April 2024

The convergence of vehicular communications, 5th generation mobile network (5G) technology, and edge computing marks a paradigm shift in intelligent transportation. Vehicular communication systems, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, are integral to Intelligent Transportation Systems. The advent of 5G enhances connectivity, while edge computing brings computational processes closer to data sources. This synergy holds the potential to revolutionize transportation efficiency and safety. This research investigates vehicular communication and edge computing dynamics within a 5G network, considering varying distances between On Board Units and Roadside Units. Energy consumption patterns and CPU load at the RSU are analyzed through meticulous real-world experiments and simulations. Our results show stable energy consumption at shorter distances, with fluctuations increasing at greater ranges. CPU load correlates with communication distance, highlighting the need for adaptive algorithms. While experiments exhibit higher variability, our simulations validate these findings, emphasizing the importance of considering transmission range in vehicular communication network design.
Current state of research in the field of lollipop adjusted dosage form and the possibility of using alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits in this dosage form (review)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Avakyan A. A. , Ogay M. A. ,   FSBEI HE Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Akhmedov F. A. ,   Scientific Research Pharmaceutical Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan, Zavadskiy S. P. ,   Institute of Pharmacy named after A. P. Nelyubin, FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Lollipops are a solid dosage form obtained by pouring, containing one or more active ingredients evenly distributed in an appropriate base, and intended for oral disintegration in order to provide a topical effect in the oral cavity and pharynx. As a rule, lollipops have a round shape and a smooth and uniform surface. Technological solutions for obtaining lollipops involve pouring. As a basis for the production of lollipops, a mixture of sucrose and a mixture of glucose, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (liquid glucose) are most commonly used (in an approximate ratio of 60:40). The range of this dosage form is small. These are mainly lollipops and lozenges with sage («Natur Produkt Europe B. V.», the Netherlands, OOO «Valent», Russia), hematogen candy (OOO «Vozrozhdenie and Razvitie», Russia), Lasolvan lozenges (Ambroxol) (AO «Sanofi Russia», Russia, «Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH», Germany). Purpose of the study: to summarize the available literature data on lollipops as a dosage form and the possibilities of their use. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years, using the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines with the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles that provided evidence on the most current issues regarding lollipops as a dosage form. Results. Lollipops are a convenient adjusted dosage form. The list of available drugs included in this dosage form is limited. The introduction of alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits is a promising way to expand the range of dosage forms containing hawthorn. Conclusion. The result of the research was the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of dosage forms through the development of lollipops containing an alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits.
Methods for obtaining phospholipid vesicles to improve the bioavailability of sparingly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba», Moscow, Chuprin E. N. , Gavrilov D. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies», Moscow, Blynskaya E. V. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba», Moscow; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies», Moscow
Published: April 2024

Low bioavailability of practically insoluble pharmaceutical substances is a serious issue in the field of drug development. The article provides an overview of the main methods for preparing liposomal drugs, such as the lipid film hydration method, ultrasonication method, extrusion method, high pressure homogenization method, solvent injection method, detergent removal method, and the reversephase evaporation method.
Technological aspects of developing drugs in the form of transmucosal and dispersible films
Authors:   Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Zakalyukina Е. V. ,   FSUE Moscow Endocrine Plant
Published: April 2024

The creation of new forms of drugs is one of the most important areas of development of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Orodispersible films have a number of advantages over conventional tablets and injections. Developing and scaling technology is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and expensive. The determination of critical parameters affecting the technology and quality of the finished product minimizes the risks of obtaining negative results during implementation and routine industrial production. The work presents the studies of the influence of excipients in the formulation on the characteristics of the dosage form and the technological process. The approach to development was considered from the standpoint of choosing a qualitative composition of the drug. The experiments were aimed at determining the most suitable viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which makes up the matrix of the dosage form; optimal polymer- plasticizer ratios have been established. The studies carried out are basic in the creation of a transmucosal dosage form and orodispersible films and make it possible to optimize the process of developing the dosage form and reduce risks during the transfer of technology to production.
Habilidades dos agentes comunitários de saúde: análises com estudantes do curso técnico do Programa Saúde com Agente
Authors: Giugliani Camila , Friedrich Denise Barbosa de Castro , Duro Carmen Lúcia Mottin , Pilger Diogo , Kolling Ana Francisca , Silocchi Cassiane , Knauth Daniela Riva , Teixeira Luciana Barcellos , Raizer Leandro , Pires Fabiana Schneider
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as habilidades do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) durante o curso técnico do Programa Saúde com Agente. Método: Estudo transversal, com questionário estruturado online, incluindo dados sociodemográficos e habilidades dos estudantes, organizado em domínios e dimensões. Resultados: Foram encontrados altos percentuais de “saber fazer” para planejamento de ações educativas, de promoção à saúde e de prevenção de acidentes (59,3%), visitas domiciliares (74,4%), identificação de usuários que não fazem uso correto dos medicamentos (52,5%) ou que apresentam fatores de risco para doenças transmissíveis (58,0%) e encaminhamento de usuários com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (56,9%). Com relação às medidas de pressão arterial (27,7%) e glicemia (27,4%), os percentuais foram baixos. Por sua vez, a opção “não saber fazer” foi encontrada em altos percentuais para realizar manobras de reanimação cardiorrespiratória (40,4%) e realizar técnicas de imobilização em pessoas vítimas de trauma (43,2%). Conclusão: Os ACS percebem que têm habilidades para realizar ações educativas e visitas domiciliares. As lacunas apareceram no âmbito das doenças crônicas e dos primeiros socorros, atribuições mais recentes, reforçando a importância de uma formação de nível técnico que contemple o seu trabalho. O curso técnico do Programa Saúde com Agente vai ao encontro das necessidades de formação desses trabalhadores, potencializando seu trabalho na Atenção Primária, na busca de melhores indicadores de saúde para o país.
New Insights Optimize Landing Strategies to Reduce Lower Limb Injury Risk
Authors: Xu Datao , Zhou Huiyu , Quan Wenjing , Ma Xin , Chon Teo-Ee , Fernandez Justin , Gusztav Fekete , Kovács András , Baker Julien S. , Gu Yaodong
Published: April 2024

Single-leg landing (SL) is often associated with a high injury risk, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and lateral ankle sprain. This work investigates the relationship between ankle motion patterns (ankle initial contact angle [AICA] and ankle range of motion [AROM]) and the lower limb injury risk during SL, and proposes an optimized landing strategy that can reduce the injury risk. To more realistically revert and simulate the ACL injury mechanics, we developed a knee musculoskeletal model that reverts the ACL ligament to a nonlinear short-term viscoelastic mechanical mechanism (strain rate-dependent) generated by the dense connective tissue as a function of strain. Sixty healthy male subjects were recruited to collect biomechanics data during SL. The correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between AICA, AROM, and peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF), joint total energy dissipation (TED), peak ankle knee hip sagittal moment, peak ankle inversion angle (PAIA), and peak ACL force (PAF). AICA exhibits a negative correlation with PVGRF (
r
= −0.591) and PAF (
r
= −0.554), and a positive correlation with TED (
r
= 0.490) and PAIA (
r
= 0.502). AROM exhibits a positive correlation with TED (
r
= 0.687) and PAIA (
r
= 0.600). The results suggested that the appropriate increases in AICA (30° to 40°) and AROM (50° to 70°) may reduce the lower limb injury risk. This study has the potential to offer novel perspectives on the optimized application of landing strategies, thus giving the crucial theoretical basis for decreasing injury risk.
Effective Recreational Activities in Urban Green Spaces for Mental Health of Scientific Researchers
Authors: Yan Jinshan , Wu Yashi , Shao Guofan , Qiu Quanyi , Tang Lina
Published: April 2024

Scientific researchers are known for their demanding intellectual efforts and are particularly susceptible to mental health disorders. Urban green spaces (UGSs) are beneficial for people’s mental health, yet there is limited research on what types of UGSs and activities are effective for improving researchers’ mental health. Here, we investigate if researchers’ mental health can be enhanced by visiting affiliated green spaces, pocket parks, comprehensive parks, and coastal beaches. The research hypothesis was that the natural and social pathways of recreational ecosystem services jointly reduce researchers’ mental stress and attentional fatigue. The results suggest that nature contact, nature connectedness, and social interaction directly or indirectly have positive impacts on scientific researchers’ mental health. Both nature connectedness and social interaction serve as crucial mediating variables between nature contact and mental health. In terms of direct impact, high-frequency recreational activities in small UGSs with high accessibility, markedly  relieve stress, whereas visit frequency in large UGSs with low accessibility has a limited effect on long-term mental stress relief. In terms of indirect impact, small UGSs alleviate attentional fatigue through the mediation of nature connectedness, while large UGSs mainly mitigate mental stress and attentional fatigue through the mediation of social interaction. This study provides a natural-social integrated perspective on recreational ecosystem services to enhance the well-being of scientific researchers. We provide recommendations for researchers to mitigate work-related stress and fatigue and to offer information useful for decision-making support to create a healthy environment for scientific researchers.
Quantification of Nitrate Sources and Its Spatial Heterogeneity by Dual Isotopes
Authors: She Wanjiang , Jiao Yuanmei , Lu Ruitao , Chai Yong , Chen Fan , Shen Jian , Zhang Hongsen , Liao Huijuan , Xu Qiu’e
Published: April 2024

Nitrate source allocation is important for watershed environmental management. In this paper, 59 surface water samples were collected in late July 2022 in the Erhai Basin of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau in southwestern China, where the source of nitrate pollution in surface water is still unknown. The potential sources of nitrate were identified and estimated using hydrochemistry indicators, the

δ
15

N
/

δ
18

O
−

NO
3
−

and the Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) model. The results showed that the various forms of nitrogen compounds, transport and transformation processes, and their sources in the Erhai Basin were characterized by obvious spatial scale differentiation. First, the mean values of

NO
3
−

,

NO
2
−

, and

NH
4
+

in the watershed were 1.14 ± 1.49 mg/l, 0.11 ± 0.06 mg/l, and 0.14 ± 0.09 mg/l, respectively, while the differences among the three in the secondary zoning scale were mainly reflected in the ES region. Second, both

δ
15

N
−

NO
3
−

(−0.64‰ to +17.67‰) and

δ
18

O
−

NO
3
−

(−1.87‰ to +24.42‰) had some differences in primary and secondary zoning. Third, nitrification was the dominant process of nitrate transport and transformation in the watershed, but it was also characterized by spatial differentiation. Fourth, the output of the SIAR model showed that the proportion of nitrate pollution sources in the basin was soil nitrogen (37.16%), domestic sewage (36.06%), livestock manure (13.49%), and chemical fertilizer (13.29%), and there was also obvious spatial differentiation. This study provides a new perspective for the spatial heterogeneity analysis of nitrate pollution sources and the corresponding pollution control.