bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond “Cold Emotion and Rumination”
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Tiwari Gyanesh Kumar , Rai Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Background: Although the recent past has witnessed a surge in the study of forgiveness, little is known about unforgiveness. This study aims to understand the nature and attributes of unforgiveness. Methods: We used a qualitative design. The sample consisted of 14 participants (22–32 years). We collected data using a semistructured interview protocol. The interview content was tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results: We identified five themes: a complex process, multiple causes, benefits, negative consequences, and strategies to reduce unforgiveness. Challenges to trust, unforgiveness-generated behaviors, and mixed emotionality of transgressions made it a complex process. Transgressors’ misconduct, challenges to regard and relationship, and negative feelings associated with transgressions were identified as the main causes. Unforgiveness benefits victims by increasing their adaptability, self-worth, productivity, well-being, and relationship outcomes. Some negative consequences of relationships, emotionality, self-worth, etc., have also been described. Positive changes in transgressors’ behaviors and poor conditions and the likelihood of revictimization were described as mechanisms to reduce unforgiveness. Discussion: Contrary to previous views, which assumed unforgiveness represents only cold emotion and rumination, our findings reveal that unforgiveness is a complex process. Aside from certain negative consequences, it also serves some adaptive functions.
Impact of Horizontal Resolution (Submesoscale Permitting vs. Mesoscale Resolving) on Ocean Dynamic Features in the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Renhao , Jia Liqun , Li Chunyan , Liu Yu , Han Bo , Chen Dake
Published: September 2022

Model resolution is a key factor that impacts the model bias in simulating ocean dynamics. How would model resolution influence model bias is an important question. In this study, we set up two sets of experiments with identical settings except the grid resolution, one with a minimum spacing of 2 km, referred to as the submesoscale permitting (SP) model, and the other with a minimum spacing of 6 km, referred to as the mesoscale resolving (MR) model, to investigate the impact of horizontal resolution on simulated dynamic features in the South China Sea. Results show that the SP outperforms the MR model in simulating both barotropic and baroclinic tides, upper ocean circulation, sea surface height, and temperature in the South China Sea, and in simulating the evolution of the eddy pair east of Indo‐China Peninsula in summer and the Kuroshio loop current in the Luzon Strait in winter. The SP model also performs better in simulating thermal structure within the ocean and the winter mixed layer depth. Additionally, the SP model can capture more vertical motion features. The superiority of the SP model lies in its ability to better resolve terrain features that have a significant impact on ocean dynamical processes, and to resolve more physical processes. As a result, the SP model relies less on the uncertain parameterized processes. Our study has important implications for studies on the modeling of physical oceanography in the South China Sea, as well as for the reduction of climate model biases.
Ocean Heat Uptake Efficiency Increase Since 1970
Authors: Cael B. B.
Published: September 2022

The ocean stores the bulk of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system. The ocean heat uptake efficiency (OHUE)–the flux of heat into the ocean per degree of global warming–is therefore a key factor in how much warming will occur in the coming decades. In climate models, OHUE is well‐characterized, tending to decrease on centennial timescales; in contrast, OHUE is not well‐constrained from Earth observations. Here OHUE and its rate of change are diagnosed from global temperature and ocean heat content records. OHUE increased over the past five decades by 0.19 ± 0.04 W/m2K, and was on average 0.58 ± 0.08 W/m2K during this period. This increase is attributed to steepening anthropogenic heat gradients in the ocean, and corresponds to several years' difference in when temperature targets such as 1.5 or 2°C are exceeded.
Magnetospheric Reconnection and Geomagnetic Storms: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Gonzalez Walter D.
Published: September 2022

This commentary paper presents summaries of my research work on magnetospheric reconnection and on geomagnetic storms, to which I have devoted most of my professional career in space physics. Thus, the paper summarizes: (a) my early studies on the magnetospheric reconnection‐electric field, involving observations and a model of the related polar cap‐electric field during events with observed interplanetary driving parameters and (b) studies on several fundamental aspects associated with the origin of geomagnetic storms, especially leading to intense and extreme levels of activity, mostly associated with the arrival of geoeffective Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The latter also involves studies on recurrent geomagnetic activity caused by interplanetary high‐speed streams, among which “High‐Intensity, Long‐Duration and Continuous Auroral Activity (HILDCAAs for short)” events were shown to represent a special class. In the final Section, I have added some comments on recent issues dealing with fundamental concepts on reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause.
Stress Drops of Intermediate‐Depth and Deep Earthquakes in the Tonga Slab
Authors: Tian Dongdong , Wei S. Shawn , Wang Wei , Wang Fan
Published: September 2022

Multiple physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cause of intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes, but they are still under debate. Source parameters such as stress drop, have the potential to provide insight into their physical mechanisms. We develop a modified spectral decomposition method to analyze 1‐year seismic data from temporary land‐based and ocean bottom seismographs in a complex subduction zone. By applying this method to investigate 1,083 intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes in the Tonga slab, we successfully resolve the source spectra and stress drops of 743 MW 2.6–6.0 earthquakes. Although the absolute stress drops are subject to the choices of source model parameters, the relative stress drops are more reliably resolved. The median stress drop of Tonga earthquakes does not change with respect to magnitude but decreases with depth by 2–3 times in two separate depth ranges of 70–250 and 400–600 km, corresponding to intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes, respectively. The median stress drops show spatial variations, with two high‐stress‐drop (five times higher than the ambient value) regions, coinciding with strong local deformation where the Tonga slab bends or tears. In the Tonga double seismic zone at 120–300 km depths, the median stress drop appears smaller in the lower plane than in the upper plane, suggesting a slower rupture velocity or a higher fluid content in the lower‐plane region. Our results suggest that intermediate‐depth and deep earthquakes in the Tonga slab generally follow the earthquake self‐similar model and favor the fluid‐related embrittlement hypothesis for both groups of earthquakes.
Nonvolatile chirality switching in terahertz chalcogenide metasurfaces
Authors: Bao Jiaxin , Chen Xieyu , Liu Kuan , Zhan Yu , Li Haiyang , Zhang Shoujun , Xu Yihan , Tian Zhen , Cao Tun
Published: September 2022

Actively controlling the polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves is essential for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, which has various applications in anisotropy imaging, noncontact Hall measurement, and vibrational circular dichroism. In the THz regime, the lack of a polarization modulator hinders the development of this spectroscopy. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that conjugated bilayer chiral metamaterials (CMMs) integrated with Ge2Sb2Te5(GST225) active components can achieve nonvolatile and continuously tunable optical activity in the THz region. A THz time-domain spectroscopic system was used to characterize the device, showing a tunable ellipticity (from ‒36° to 0°) and rotation of the plane polarization (from 32° to 0°) at approximately 0.73 THz by varying the GST225 state from amorphous (AM) to crystalline (CR). Moreover, a continuously tunable chiroptical response was experimentally observed by partially crystallizing the GST225, which can create intermediate states, having regions of both AM and CR states. Note that the GST225 has an advantage of nonvolatility over the other active elements and does not require any energy to retain its structural state. Our work allows the development of THz metadevices capable of actively manipulating the polarization of THz waves and may find applications for dynamically tunable THz circular polarizers and polarization modulators for THz emissions.
Association of general and abdominal adiposity with postural changes in systolic blood pressure: results from the NAKO pretest and MetScan studies
Authors: Moreno Velásquez Ilais , Jaeschke Lina , Steinbrecher Astrid , Boeing Heiner , Keil Thomas , Janke Jürgen , Pischon Tobias
Published: September 2022

The association between anthropometric measurements and postural changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) has not been frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with postural changes in SBP in two German cross-sectional studies. Data were derived from 506 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) pretest and from 511 participants of the convenience sample-based MetScan studies. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between BMI and WC with the difference between standing and sitting SBP (dSBP). Odds ratios (ORs) for an increase (dSBP > 10 mmHg) or decrease (dSBP ≤ −10 mmHg) in dSBP were calculated using logistic regression. The results were pooled by meta-analysis using an inverse variance model. In pooled analysis, a 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with a 1.46 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.94) higher dSBP, while a 5 cm higher WC was associated with a 0.51 mmHg (95% CI 0.32–0.69) higher dSBP. BMI or WC were associated with a higher odds of an increase in dSBP (adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.36–2.14 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 1.22; 95% CI 1.05–1.40 per 5 cm higher WC) but with a reduced odds of a decline in dSBP (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.44–1.00 per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI and 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.99 per 5 cm higher WC). The associations between WC and dSBP were no longer statistically significant after BMI adjustments. In conclusion, higher BMI and higher WC were associated with higher postural increases in SBP; however, WC was not related to postural changes in SBP once adjusted for BMI.
Impact of the Lorentz force on electron track structure and early DNA damage yields in magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Yachi Yoshie , Kai Takeshi , Matsuya Yusuke , Hirata Yuho , Yoshii Yuji , Date Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has been developed and installed in recent decades for external radiotherapy in several clinical facilities. Lorentz forces modulate dose distribution by charged particles in MRgRT; however, the impact of Lorentz forces on low-energy electron track structure and early DNA damage induction remain unclear. In this study, we estimated features of electron track structure and biological effects in a static magnetic field (SMF) using a general-purpose Monte Carlo code, particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) that enables us to simulate low-energy electrons down to 1 meV by track-structure mode. The macroscopic dose distributions by electrons above approximately 300 keV initial energy in liquid water are changed by both perpendicular and parallel SMFs against the incident direction, indicating that the Lorentz force plays an important role in calculating dose within tumours. Meanwhile, DNA damage estimation based on the spatial patterns of atomic interactions indicates that the initial yield of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is independent of the SMF intensity. The DSB induction is predominantly attributed to the secondary electrons below a few tens of eV, of which energy deposition patterns are not considerably affected by the Lorentz force. Our simulation study suggests that treatment planning for MRgRT can be made with consideration of only changed dose distribution.
Experimental results and mathematical formulation of non-spinning stone-skipping process
Authors: Tsai Hsuan-Wei , Tsai Hsieh-Chen , Wu Wen-Fang , Lai Chun-Liang
Published: September 2022

Following a previously published paper in studying stone-skipping processes, detailed experimental figures are revealed in this paper. A mathematical model is also provided to explain the observed phenomena and measured data. The model separates the skipping process into several stages. It emphasizes, in particular, a hitting stage and a sliding stage, and also includes capillary-gravity wave resistance in its formulation. During these two stages, scale analysis is applied first to evaluate the relative importance among various forces acting on the stone. After reasonable simplification, a numerical algorithm is established to depict motion of the stone starting from its first hit of water to final sink. The total number of skips under specified initial throwing conditions can be predicted accordingly. The agreement between the analytical and experimental results indicates the applicability of the proposed model.
Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions
Authors: Puspitasari Anggraeini , Squarcio Fabio , Quartieri Martina , Totis Cristina , Hitrec Timna , Takahashi Akihisa , Yoshida Yukari , Hanamura Kenji , Yako Tomoko , Cerri Matteo , Simoniello Palma , Durante Marco , Tinganelli Walter
Published: September 2022

Hibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5′-monophosphate monohydrate (5′-AMP) i.p. and maintaining in low ambient temperature room (+ 16 °C) for 6 h immediately after total body irradiation (TBI) with accelerated carbon ions (C-ions). The 5′-AMP treatment in combination with low ambient temperature reduced skin temperature and increased survival following 8 Gy C-ion irradiation compared to saline-injected animals. Analysis of the histology of the brain, liver and lungs showed that 5′-AMP treatment following 2 Gy TBI reduced activated microglia, Iba1 positive cells in the brain, apoptotic cells in the liver, and damage to the lungs, suggesting that synthetic torpor spares tissues from energetic ion radiation. The application of 5′-AMP in combination with either hypoxia or low temperature environment for six hours following irradiation of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells delays DNA repair and suppresses the radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe compared to control cells. We conclude that synthetic torpor protects animals from cosmic ray-simulated radiation and the mechanism involves both hypothermia and hypoxia.
An investigated organic and inorganic reinforcement as an effective economical filler of poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Elkhouly Heba I. , Ali Eman M. , El-Sheikh M. N. , Hassan A. El-Sayed M.
Published: September 2022

Polymer matrix composites have garnered the interest of the dentistry sector. Nano-fillers are frequently used as reinforcements in these composites to enhance their characteristics. Poly (methyl methacrylate) was filled with date seed nanoparticles (DSNP) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP). In this work, two nanofillers (DSNP and TiO2NP) were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the features of the PMMA-nanofiller composite were experimentally evaluated via compression, micro-hardness, wear rate (WR), and coefficients of friction (µ) testing. Utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the microstructure of the PMMA-DSNP composite was examined. The results of the experiments on the nanocomposites demonstrated that the elastic modulus, microhardness, wear resistance, and friction resistance increased with an increase in DSNP content to 1.2 wt, in comparison to TiO2NP at the same concentration. Finally, according to the guidelines, the ideal weight was determined to be 1.2 wt%, filler in the form of DSNP, at a normal load of 10 N.
Numerical simulation of the influence of building-tree arrangements on wind velocity and PM2.5 dispersion in urban communities
Authors: Li Fan , Rubinato Matteo , Zhou Tao , Li Jiaye , Chen Chen
Published: September 2022

Airflow behavior and outdoor PM2.5 dispersion depend significantly on the building-tree layouts and orientation towards the prevailing wind conditions. To investigate this issue, the present work evaluates the aerodynamic effect of different building-tree layouts on the outdoor PM2.5 dispersions in the urban communities of Shijiazhuang City, China. The adopted numerical CFD technique was based on the standard k–ε model and the Disperse Phase Model (DPM). For this study, ten different building-tree arrangements were conceptualized and all these configurations were simulated by using Ansys Fluent software to quantify the implications on the outdoor PM2.5 dispersion due to their presence. The results have shown that: (1) a wide building interval space could benefit the air ventilation and thus decrease PM2.5 concentrations, however, this effectiveness is highly influenced by the presence of the trees; (2) the trees on the leeward side of a building tend to increase the local wind velocity and decrease the pedestrian-level PM2.5 concentrations, while those on the windward side tend to decrease the wind velocity. The small distance with trees in the central space of the community forms a wind shelter, hindering the particle dispersion; and (3) the configuration of parallel type buildings with clustered tree layouts in the narrow central space is most unfavorable to the air ventilation, leading to larger areas affected by excessive PM2.5 concentration.
Omnidirectional acoustic cloaking against airborne sound realized by a locally resonant sonic material
Authors: Matsushima Kei , Noguchi Yuki , Yamada Takayuki
Published: September 2022

We report that a locally resonant sonic material realizes omnidirectional acoustic invisibility in air. To achieve acoustic cloaking in the low-frequency regime, we axisymmetrically placed elastic rods comprised of silicone rubber and lead around a cloaked object. The radii of the rods are designed to minimize their total scattering cross section for a given frequency. The optimization is performed using an algorithm incorporating multiple scattering theory and gradient-based nonlinear programming. We numerically confirmed that the designed cloaking device suppressed the scattering cross section by almost 92% for all incident directions at the target frequency.
Measurement of AC loss down to 25 K in a REBCO racetrack coil for electrical aircraft motor
Authors: Kováč J. , Kopera Ľ. , Pardo E. , Melišek T. , Ries R. , Berberich E. , Wolfstädler S. , Reis T.
Published: September 2022

The development of full superconducting motors for electric distributed aircraft propulsion requires to test the stator coils at the operation temperature, usually between 20 and 40 K. Here, we study the AC loss of a test racetrack coil made of REBCO tape. We developed a measurement system within a non-metallic cryostat where a cryocooler cools the test coil in combination with liquid or solid nitrogen. We present transport AC loss measurements by electrical means down to 25 K for current amplitudes up to 140 A and frequency 18–576 Hz. The AC loss increased with second power with current, and did not depend on frequency or temperature. Later, we measured the AC parallel magnetization loss in a stack of tapes made of the same material as the coil, and in a stack of tapes without superconducting layer. The results in both samples is almost identical and presents the same behavior as the coil. We conclude that the main contribution to the AC loss in the tape stack and in the coil was from the magnetism of the Hastelloy substrate or buffer layers. Therefore, researchers need to take this into account in tape production and in superconducting motor design.
Depression, reduced education, and bias perceptions as risk factors of beliefs in misinformation
Authors: Delmastro Marco , Paciello Marinella
Published: September 2022

The spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories related to COVID‐19 has represented one of the several undesirable effects of the current pandemic. In understanding why people can be more or less at risk to believe in misinformation, emotional distress and education could play a crucial role. The present study aims to analyze the relationship among depressive symptoms, education, and beliefs in misinformation about COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. We do this through a cross-sectional study carried out on a random and representative sample of the Italian population that allows us to go and verify the co-evolution of many factors: i.e., beliefs in misinformation, symptoms of depression, perceptions about COVID-19, ways in which citizens got informed about the pandemic, and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education). The results show that the relationship between depression and beliefs in misinformation exists and is more complex than hypothesized because it is mediated by individual perceptions. In particular, the most at-risk people to believe in misinformation show higher bias perceptions, higher depression, and lower education. Practical implications are discussed suggesting a supportive intervention at both individual and social levels.
Globalized simulation-driven miniaturization of microwave circuits by means of dimensionality-reduced constrained surrogates
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna , Mahrokh Marzieh
Published: September 2022

Small size has become a crucial prerequisite in the design of modern microwave components. Miniaturized devices are essential for a number of application areas, including wireless communications, 5G/6G technology, wearable devices, or the internet of things. Notwithstanding, size reduction generally degrades the electrical performance of microwave systems. Therefore, trade-off solutions have to be sought that represent acceptable compromises between the ability to meet the design targets and physical compactness. From an optimization perspective, this poses a constrained task, which is computationally expensive because a reliable evaluation of microwave components has to rely on full-wave electromagnetic analysis. Furthermore, due to its constrained nature, size reduction is a multimodal problem, i.e., the results are highly dependent on the initial design. Thus, utilization of global search algorithms is advisable in principle, yet, often undoable in practice because of the associated computational expenses, especially when using nature-inspired procedures. This paper introduces a novel technique for globalized miniaturization of microwave components. Our technique starts by identifying the feasible region boundary, and by constructing a dimensionality-reduced surrogate model therein. Global optimization of the metamodel is followed by EM-driven local tuning. Application of the domain-confined surrogate ensures low cost of the entire procedure, further reduced by the incorporation of variable-fidelity EM simulations. Our framework is validated using two microstrip couplers, and compared to nature-inspired optimization, as well as gradient-based size reduction. The results indicate superior miniaturization rates and low running cost, which make the presented algorithm a potential candidate for efficient simulation-based design of compact structures.
Soil meso- and micro-fauna community in response to bamboo-fungus agroforestry management
Authors: Zhao Jiancheng , Liu Miao , Xu Jun , Yang Zhenya , Li Qin , Cai Chunju
Published: September 2022

Bamboo-fungus agroforestry management is an ecological model of sustainable production of moso bamboo forest, and Stropharia rugosoannulata has been widely planted in moso bamboo forest. However, little attention has been paid to soil fauna community in bamboo-fungus agroforestry system. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil fauna communities to agroforestry management, and to explore the relationships between soil fauna communities and soil properties. An experiment with 0, 1, 2 and 3 years of planting was carried out in an existing moso bamboo forest. The community composition of soil meso- and micro-fauna was investigated, and the soil properties were determined. Results showed that a total of 2968 individuals of soil meso- and micro-fauna, belonging to 8 classes and 13 groups were detected. The group number and density of soil fauna was highest right and then decreased. Planting Stropharia rugosoannulata in moso bamboo forest increased the density of dominant groups, but did not change its composition. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H), Margalef richness index (D) and Density-Group diversity index (DG) were the highest one year after planting the fungus, while Simpson dominance index (C) was the lowest in the meantime. Contents of soil moisture (SMC), organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting years, peaking at 1 year after planting, while the pH value continued to increase. Responses of soil fauna community were associated with soil physicochemical properties. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that SOM was the main environmental factor driving the variation of soil fauna community, followed by TP and TN. In conclusion, planting Stropharia rugosoannulata in moso bamboo increased the diversity and abundance of soil fauna communities due to its contribution to abundance of organic matter and supply of nutrients.
A randomized prospective cross over study on the effects of medium cut-off membranes on T cellular and serologic immune phenotypes in hemodialysis
Authors: Lorenz Georg , Shen Yuli , Hausinger Renate Ilona , Scheid Caroline , Eckermann Marie , Hornung Sophia , Cardoso Joana , Lech Maciej , Ribeiro Andrea , Haller Bernhard , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Steubl Dominik , Braunisch Matthias C. , Günthner Roman , Poschenrieder Andreas , Freitag Britt , Weber Mario , Luppa Peter , Heemann Uwe , Schmaderer Christoph
Published: September 2022

Extended cut-off filtration by medium cut-off membranes (MCO) has been shown to be safe in maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The notion of using them for the control of chronic low-grade inflammation and positively influencing cellular immune aberrations seems tempting. We conducted an open label, multicenter, randomized, 90 day 2-phase cross over clinical trial (MCO- vs. high flux-HD). 46 patients underwent randomization of which 34 completed the study. Dialysate- or pre- and post-dialysis serum inflammatory mediators were assayed for each study visit. Ex vivo T cell activation was assessed from cryopreserved leucocytes by flow cytometry. Linear mixed models were used to compare treatment modalities, with difference in pre-dialysis serum MCP-1 levels after 3 months as the predefined primary endpoint. Filtration/dialysate concentrations of most mediators, including MCP-1 (mean ± SD: 10.5 ± 5.9 vs. 5.1 ± 3.8 pg/ml,P < 0.001) were significantly increased during MCO- versus high flux-HD. However, except for the largest mediator studied, i.e., YKL-40, this did not confer any advantages for single session elimination kinetics (post-HD mean ± SD: 360 ± 334 vs. 564 ± 422 pg/ml,P < 0.001). No sustained reduction of any of the studied mediators was found neither. Still, the long-term reduction of CD69+ (P = 0.01) and PD1+ (P = 0.02) activated CD4+ T cells was striking. Thus, MCO-HD does not induce reduction of a broad range of inflammatory mediators studied here. Long-term reduction over a 3-month period was not possible. Increased single session filtration, as evidenced by increased dialysate concentrations of inflammatory mediators during MCO-HD, might eventually be compensated for by compartment redistribution or increased production during dialysis session. Nevertheless, lasting effects on the T-cell phenotype were seen, which deserves further investigation.
Association between masseter muscle sarcopenia and postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Ohdaira Hironori , Ito Eisaku , Takahashi Junji , Nakashima Keigo , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Eto Ken , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: September 2022

Sarcopenia affects the swallowing and chewing muscles, such as the masseter muscle. However, the significance of masseter muscle loss in pneumonia remains unclear. We investigated the effects of masseter muscle sarcopenia (MMS) on postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the data of 86 patients who underwent esophagectomy for stage I–III esophageal cancer at our hospital between March 2013 and October 2021. The primary endpoint was postoperative pneumonia within 3 months of surgery. MMS was defined as a (1) masseter muscle index (MMI) that was less than the sex-specific MMI cutoff values, and (2) sarcopenia diagnosed using the L3-psoas muscle index (L3-PMI). Postoperative pneumonia was noted in 27 (31.3%) patients. In multivariate analysis, FEV1.0 < 1.5 L (odds ratio, OR: 10.3; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.56–67.4; p = 0.015), RLNP (OR: 5.14; 95%CI 1.47–17.9; p = 0.010), and MMS (OR: 4.83; 95%CI 1.48–15.8; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. The overall survival was significantly worse in patients with pneumonia (log-rank: p = 0.01) than in those without pneumonia. Preoperative MMS may serve as a predictor of postoperative pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer.
Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers in Breath: Basicsand Dynamic Aspects
Authors: Miekisch Wolfram , Sukul Pritam , Schubert Jochen K.
Published: September 2022

Several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) havebeen identified from the human breath. Concentration changes of exhaledVOC profiles may mirror a broad range of processes related to different,partially contrasting effects, such as origin, (previous) exposure,normal metabolism and physiology, as well as processes related topathophysiology, such as inflammation or infection. Due to the highly“volatile” nature of all those effects, VOC profiles may change immediatelyand pronouncedly. Detailed knowledge on substance origin, potentialmetabolic pathways and potential in vivo effects, such as(re)distribution in the body, exhalation kinetics are mandatory toassess the potential of exhaled VOCs as biomarkers. This chapter summarizesrecent findings in the field and gives a detailed and critical lookat the described origins and effects related to breath VOC emissions.A clinical interpretation of exhaled VOC profiles requires a concreteand systemic understanding of origins, potential influencing factorsand their actual effect on the current exhalation profiles. If thisknowledge is available with robust methods of sampling and analysisbeing applied, VOC profiles may be used not only for disease detectionand monitoring but for deeper insights into different body processes,such as exposure, nutrition, medication, compartmental distributionsand basic physiology and metabolism.
Blood VOC Biomarkers
Authors: Mochalski P. , Mayhew C. A. , Ślefarska D. , Unterkofler K.
Published: September 2022

Blood can be considered a primary reservoir of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) secreted by different tissues and organs as well as produced by blood biochemistry. This chapter presents a concise, although admittedly nonexhaustive, didactic presentation of some of the main concepts and approaches related to blood volatilomics. It attempts to review the source and characteristics of volatilomics through the VOCs emanating from infected cells and their microenvironment to the blood. It also presents and discusses the exchange of VOCs with several body fluids, including the cellular environment, tissues, breath, etc. Application of blood VOCs in human health is presented and discussed.
Saliva and Related Specimens as a Source of Volatile Biomarkers
Authors: Monedeiro-Milanowski Maciej , Monedeiro Fernanda , Ligor Tomasz , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: September 2022

This chapter contains general information about saliva and related specimens, like sputum, in relation to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Characteristics of the matrix, its functions and composition are described. A comprehensive list of VOCs emanating from saliva and salivary bacteria are included. Different methods employed for salivary VOC sample preparation and preconcentration, as well as conditions of collection and storage of oral fluid, are thoroughly described. Finally, statistical and chemometric approaches used by other researchers have been compared.
Volatile Organic Compounds as Mediators of Immunological Signaling
Authors: Hashoul Dina , Haick Hossam
Published: September 2022

It is well established that cells behave as “microsocieties” that need strict coordination in communication. Any breakdown in this regulatory network can lead to pathological conditions, primarily when “miscommunication” occurs within the immune system. The different components of the immune system communicate using an intricate language of cytokines, chemokines and other cell interactions to orchestrate a response. Cytokines contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of immunological disorders by tightly regulating the release of pro-inflammatory signals and, in balance with anti-inflammatory cytokine release, assuring a controlled and localized immune reaction. Although cytokines are indispensable for the exact signaling in the immune system, their biological effects often overlap, and individual cytokines have multiple regulatory functions. This chapter focuses on the potential role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as signaling/communication agents that shape different components of the immune system. It also emphasizes the immunomodulatory effects of VOCs, especially on the transcriptional profile of monocytes.
Volatile Signatures of the Microbiome
Authors: Naddaf R. , Herren R. , Geva-Zatorsky N.
Published: September 2022

Microbiomes are niche ecosystems found on and within eukaryotic hosts. Interactions between microbiomes and their multicellular hosts are numerous, many of them being mediated or influenced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The relationships between the human microbiome and host physiology, health and disease have been extensively studied, yet mechanistic and molecular understanding remains lacking. To date, only a few of microbial-derived molecules are characterized as mediators of microbe–host communications. While bacteria produce a variety of VOCs with chemical characteristics that allow unique communications with the host, the human gut microbiome VOC profile has not yet been fully explored. In this chapter, we summarize a few examples of molecules that have been studied as communication mediators between the microbiome and the host and that are recognized as VOCs. The goal is to stress the importance of microbial VOC-specific research as a new and unexplored field of research with high potential.
Hybrid Volatilomics in Healthcare
Authors: Yao Mingshui , Amor Reef Einoch , Zheng Youbin , Haick Hossam , Qian Yun , Wu Weiwei
Published: September 2022

Almost 2000 different constituents of the human volatilomehave already been reported from numerous individual studies lookingat volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in specific compartments – skin,breath, blood, urine, feces or cell lines. In most cases, the useof VOCs from a single body fluid is sufficient or even preferred.In this chapter we present and discuss a hybrid volatolomic approachthat can inevitably increase the diagnostic value of the targetedapplication. The hybrid approach reviews the existence of VOCs inseveral body fluids and the usefulness of a “hybrid” approach thatcombines their profiles collected from two or more body fluids. Perspectivesof this approach in developing the field of diagnostics to a new levelwill be presented and discussed.
Sampling: The First and Most Important Step
Authors: Thomas C. L. Paul , Yusof Hazim
Published: September 2022

This chapter starts with the premise that appropriate statistical and chemometric expertise has been applied to the development of a sampling campaign, for our focus is on the “how” of the acquisition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a human participant. Sampling occurs at the moment molecules enter the measurement system, fixing the measurement outcome, and any evaluation of volatilomic data should start with consideration of the sampling technique and the system(s) that move volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the participant to the detector. Just about every substance produced by humans has been analyzed for its VOC profile, and the general principles described in this chapter may be applied to all human emanations. Specifically, though, breath saliva and skin are our focus covering the remits of gas, liquid and solid sample matrices, and our starting point is a reflection on the processes at work within a VOC sampling system.
Correction: Critical size effect for the surface heat capacities of nano-CdS: theoretical and experimental studies
Authors: Zhang Shengjiang , Tan Xiuniang , Zhou Yan , Liu Jinyang , Liang Xiangyao , Ding Xuehuan , Lyu Guangmiao , Wei Ying , Chen Junxin , Mao Yidan , Wu Jinmei , Huang Yushan , Huang Yusen , Tan Xuecai , Huang Zaiyin
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Critical size effect for the surface heat capacities of nano-CdS: theoretical and experimental studies’ by Shengjiang Zhang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 6193–6207, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04619E.
Quantitative sustainable design (QSD) for the prioritization of research, development, and deployment of technologies: a tutorial and review
Authors: Li Yalin , Trimmer John T. , Hand Steven , Zhang Xinyi , Chambers Katherine G. , Lohman Hannah A. C. , Shi Rui , Byrne Diana M. , Cook Sherri M. , Guest Jeremy S.
Published: September 2022

This tutorial review synthesizes literature on sustainability analyses to introduce quantitative sustainable design (QSD) for technology research, development, and deployment.
Layer-polarized anomalous Hall effects in valleytronic van der Waals bilayers
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Xilong , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Kou Liangzhi , Ma Yandong
Published: September 2022

Using model analysis, we reveal that the sliding ferroelectricity will couple with A-type antiferromagnetism to form the layer-locked Berry curvature in valleytronic van der Waals bilayers, showing the observation of the long-sought LP-AHE.
Correction: Insight into the relationship between redox ability and separation efficiency via the case of α-Bi2O3/Bi5NO3O7
Authors: Li Jie-hao , Liu Rui-hong , Ning Meng , Li Yi-lei , Liu Ying , Liu Xinying , Khangale Phathutshedzo , Hildebrandt Diane , Wang Xiao-jing , Li Fa-tang
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Insight into the relationship between redox ability and separation efficiency via the case of α-Bi2O3/Bi5NO3O7’ by Jie-hao Li et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 3578–3589, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QI00731B.
One-step microwave synthesis of red-emissive carbon dots for cell imaging in extreme acidity and light emitting diodes
Authors: Chang Xiaojie , Zhao Guizhi , Liu Chang , Wang Xueshi , Abdulkhaleq Ahmed Mohammed Ali , Zhang Jie , Zhou Xibin
Published: September 2022

Highly acid-sensitive R-CDs were obtained via a microwave method. The relationship between the FL emission and the surface groups of the R-CDs was studied in detail. The R-CDs were used for cell imaging in extreme acidity and fabrication of red LEDs.
Simultaneous control of the mechanical properties and adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to suppress platelet adhesion on a supramolecular substrate
Authors: Park Junsu , Ueda Tomoya , Kawai Yusaku , Araki Kumiko , Kido Makiko , Kure Bunsho , Takenaka Naomi , Takashima Yoshinori , Tanaka Masaru
Published: September 2022

Supramolecular cross-links in poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) enhanced mechanical properties of the polymers maintaining high blood compatibility. The high blood compatibility suggests a potential for artificial blood vessel.
A high-sensitivity, fast-response and high-stability humidity sensor of curly flake Ti3C2Tx MXene prepared by electrolytic intercalation of NaOH solution
Authors: Chen Junji , Qin Wenjing , Li Kun , Feng Lei , Chen Jianxing , Qiao Hanying , Yang Min , Tian Zhenhao , Li Xinxin , Gu Changshun , Wang Yanli , Gong Zheng , Yin Shougen
Published: September 2022

A high-sensitivity humidity sensor based on curly flake Ti3C2Tx MXene obtained by rapid NaOH electrolytic intercalation.
Carbon dots and miniaturizing fabrication of portable carbon dot-based devices for bioimaging, biosensing, heavy metal detection and drug delivery applications
Authors: Yat Yu Dong , Foo Henry Chee Yew , Tan Inn Shi , Lam Man Kee , Lim Steven
Published: September 2022

Adopting the additive and subtractive fabrication techniques to integrate miniaturized portable devices with carbon dots for on-site and real-time analysis.
Vestale loop: a robust, versatile, reliable and remote controlled bench for environmental magnetic sensing at hectometric scale
Authors: Dezord Clément , Micolau Gilles , Abbas Chahine , Mesgouez Arnaud , Pozzo Di Borgo Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

Proofs of well-functionning of an original hectometric magnetic bench, located in the South of France, at the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB for french acronym), Rustrel, are presented. Two different kinds of electrical measurements are justified and exposed. They are based on the monitoring of electrical quantities as characteristics and spontaneous induced bias, over the time and during periods of several weeks. A very first correlation with meteorological data is also presented. The technical as the scientific perspectives are exposed at the end.
Research on sonar image few-shot classification based on deep learning
Authors: CHEN Yule , LI Bo , LIANG Hong , YANG Changsheng
Published: September 2022

The underwater environment is complex and diverse, which makes it difficult to evolve traditional methods such as manually extracting features from blurred images. What's more, sonar images are so hard to be obtained that their number is far less than optical images, this case usually is called as few-shot, which leads to over fitting and low recognition accuracy of networks for sonar image classification. Based on the established sonar image data set after image preprocessing, a sonar image few-shot classification method with multi strategy optimization fusion is proposed in this paper. It is an improved label smooth regularization method with category preferences that can optimize the labels of training data and reduce the self-confidence of the network. And then based on the fine-tuning method in migration learning, some parameters of pre-learned models from optical images domain are utilized to help improve the performance in the sonar images domain. Finally, all the above three optimization strategies are combined. The simulation experiments in this study conclude that the optimal recognition accuracy can increase to 96.94%, which proves the multi strategy fusion can effectively suppresses the overfitting phenomenon and accurately classifies sonar images in the case of few-shot.
YOLO network-based drogue recognition method for autonomous aerial refueling
Authors: SHEN Jiahe , YUAN Dongli , YANG Zhengfan , YAN Jianguo , XIAO Bing , XING Xiaojun
Published: September 2022

With the development of aerial refueling technology, autonomous aerial refueling(AAR) has become an important technology in the future battlefield, which is a promising prospective and challenging topic. Since the relative position between the receiver and the drogue is important to accomplish the AAR task, a neural network-based image recognition method is proposed to acquire the required information. Firstly, a C language-based YOLO network is used as the initial network, which meets the requirements of the on-board VxWorks system and can be run directly on the hardware. Then, considering the physical characterizes of the drogue, a multi-dimensional anchor box is designed and the network structure is optimized to adapt to the multi-dimensional situations. Finally, to address the problem of results shifts, feature maps with various sizes and the optimized loss function are used to optimize the network, where the pyramid structure suggests the design of feature maps. The experimental results indicate that the presented method can recognize the drogue more accurately and quickly.
Modeling method of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm behavior based on spatiotemporal hybrid Petri net
Authors: LU Nan , WANG Xiaodong , TANG Zheng , HE Pei
Published: September 2022

The more and more widely used UAV swarm operations have received great attention in the new global military revolution of informatization, and the integrated modeling of UAV swarms has great significance and value for the testing and verification of combat modes. Aiming at the modeling and simulation requirements of combat scenarios, taking the collaborative combat process of heterogeneous UAV swarms as the research object, starting from the modeling of a single UAV, on the basis of the formalization and mathematical description of the single combat process, this paper employs Petri nets based on the hybridization of time and space to describe the discrete states and continuous processes of heterogeneous UAV swarm systems, and effectively solves the problems of the fusion between physics and computing processes, and modeling of interactive events in swarm systems. UPPAAL is selected to formally verify the modeling of UAV swarm strike mission, which shows that the proposed modeling method is feasible and effective.
Study on circulation control of flying wing based on Coanda effect
Authors: LIU Xiaodong , CAI Weimin , ZHANG Peiliang , WANG Yongen , HUANG Yong , GAO Lihua
Published: September 2022

In recent years, it has been a hot spot to use flow control technology to generate control capability similar to mechanical rudder. Taking the flying wing configuration as the research object, based on CFD and low speed wind tunnel test, the circulation control of airfoil and wing based on Coanda effect is studied, and the parameter influence law and control effect are given. The results show that: when the rear edge of the wing is opened with the corresponding slot, the control capability of the upper-surface blowing is similar to that of the mechanical rudder; the control capacity of pitch and roll is increased with the decreasing of jet height and the increasing of air pressure ratio, the pitching and rolling capacity increases first and then decreases; the control effect of circular Coanda surface is better than elliptical Coanda surface; the pitching and rolling control effect of the optimized circulation-control scheme in Ma=0.2 is not lower than that of the mechanical rudder, the corresponding flow flux is about 0.05~0.07 kg/s.