bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Analysis of Judgments of the Sexual Assault of Girl Children
Authors: Dr. Payalben B. Patel
Published: August 2021

The barbaric behavior of sexual assault by the men of un-civilized on the women and innocent children are a problem which has to be tackled systematically starting from police investigation till the court’s decisions. The sexual assault on women and children are as old as ancient Vedas. The unbearable sufferings for women has continued from the time of Vedas, even during the British rule and the same situation is still in present. The Supreme Court dealt with many such Child Sexual Abuse cases.
Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan (Analisis Konsep dan Implikasinya Terhadap Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan)
Authors: Mesiono Mesiono , Haidir Haidir
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the basic concepts of education financing and its implications for improving the quality of education. This research uses the Library Research method. The results showed that improving the quality of an educational institution / institution is the hope and desire of the community who use educational services. Therefore, to make this happen, various strategic efforts have been made by the government and the community as managers and education stakeholders. Among them, what the government is doing is designing national education standards. Based on the law national education system Number. 20 of 2003 there are 8 national standards, which aim to improve the quality of an educational institution. Based on government regulations, one of the eight national education standards is a financing standard. education financing is the most important and inseparable thing in education management activities. So, among other things, the government policy is to roll out BOS funds at the school level. Education financing and funding managed by schools / madrasahs must be transparent in order to create accountability. If it is accountable, it will increase the credibility of the educational institution. If it is credible, it will automatically improve the quality of the educational institution. To achieve this, the government regulates the term financing standards
Deskripsi Serupa Seperti Kristus Sebagai Tujuan Pendidikan Karakter Kristen
Authors: Perangin Angin Yakub Hendrawan , Yeniretnowati Tri Astuti
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many Christians never deal with God, but only deal with religion, church, and pastors. Although many Christians still feel they have dealt with God, thus making them Christians who do not experience God personally, and certainly do not experience the discipleship process. Through descriptive qualitative methods, it can be concluded that Christians should have the character of Christ according to the title Christian first appeared in Antioch which was assigned to students who learned the Gospel from Paul Barnabas for being followers of Jesus Christ. People who are in Christ must wear passion, spirit, and desire as Jesus wore so that the behavior of believers who call Christians behave like Christ. This must continue to be fought for because it cannot happen automatically, it takes a high and serious and consistent effort for a long time until the end to be found to be in Christ.
 
Abstrak
Banyak orang Kristen tidak pernah berurusan dengan Tuhan, tetapi hanya berurusan dengan agama, gereja, dan pendeta. Walaupun banyak orang Kristen tetap merasa sudah berurusan dengan Tuhan, sehingga menjadikannya orang Kristen yang tidak mengalami Tuhan secara pribadi, dan tentu tidak mengalami proses pemuridan. Melalui metode kualitatif deskritif dapat disimpulkan bahwa orang Kristen sudah seharusnya berkarakter Kristus sesuai sebutan Kristen pertama kali muncul di Antiokhia yang disematkan kepada murid-murid yang belajar Injil dari Paulus Barnabas karena menjadi pengikut Yesus Kristus. Orang yang ada di dalam Kristus haruslah mengenakan gairah, spirit, dan hasrat seperti yang Yesus kenakan agar perilaku orang percaya yang menyebut Kristen perilakunya seperti Kristus. Hal ini harus terus diperjuangkan karena tidak dapat terjadi secara otomatis, diperlukan usaha yang tinggi dan serius serta konsisten dalam waktu yang panjang sampai akhir agar didapati berkeadaan ada di dalam Kristus.
KONTROVERSI EKSISTENSI FASHL DI ANTARA KOMPONEN IDHAFAH
Authors: Al Farabi Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The conclusion of this research is that the existence of fashl (separator) between mudhaf and mudhaf ilaîh contained in the qiraah of Ibn 'Âmir is a way that is accommodated by one of the Arabic syntactic opinions. Specifically, because mudhâf and mudhâf ilaîh are manzilah syaî´ wâhid (one unit), the presence of fashl between the two is not allowed. However, the qiraah of Ibn ʻmir asy-Syâmî narrated fashl between mudhaf and mudhaf ilaîh where the transmission is valid and has the argument that fashl between mudhaf and mudhaf ilaîh can in fact be found in the kalam of the Arabs.
A Conversation Analysis on the Interview between Agnez Monica and Host in “Build Talk Show”
Authors: Zein T. Thyrhaya , Silalahi Ronobel Boston , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study is to determine how the aspects of conversational interactions are realized in the conversation. The researcher collects and analyzes data by applied qualitative content analysis through documentation technique. The data of this study were the utterances while the source of data is a video of the interview between the interviewer (Kevan Kenney) and the interviewee (Agnez Monica a.k.a Agnez Mo) in Build Talk Show. The source of the data was downloaded from the official Youtube channel of Build Talk Show with a duration of 27:03 minutes. The data analysis is based on the theory of conversation analysis proposed by Paltridge. The results of this study show that the interviewer (Kevan Kenney) employed the aspects of conversational interactions in asking and responding to the questions of the interviewee. The aspects of conversational interactions such as opening conversation, adjacency pairs, preference organization, turn taking, and feedback were used. Where as, closing conversation and repair categories were not used by interviewer throughout the conversation. On the other hand, the interviewee used Turn Taking, Feedback and Repair, but Opening and Closing Conversation, Adjacency Pairs, and Preference Organization were not used by the interviewee throughout the conversation. So, five of seven aspects of conversational interactions in conversation are applied. Those aspects of conversational interactions are realized in this conversation because it is the standard in conversation, and the interviewer and interviewee applied the aspects of conversational interactions in order to seek the information from the interviewee, to give the clarification of the issues and make a good communication in that conversation.
Determination and Analysis of the Content and Distribution of Mineral Elements in Black Rice by SEM-EDS
Authors: Peng Bo , Liang Jia-Qi , Zhang Ran , Tian Xia-Yu , Dong Chao , Tang Cuifeng , A Xin-Xiang , Yang Fang , Zhang Yan-Ming , Huang Ya-Qin , Sun Yan-Yang , Pang Rui-Hua , Wang Quan-Xiu , Zhou Wei , Yuan Hong-Yu
Published: August 2021

Black rice has very superior medicinal value. Since ancient times, it has been used as a nourishing and health-care rice for medicine and food. It has powerful functions such as disease prevention, regulation of circadian rhythm, and promotion of physical recovery. It is suitable for long-term consumption. In this paper, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) were used successively to visualize and quantitatively analyze the element distribution in the chalky and non-chalky areas of two indica rice varieties in Southern Henan. The results showed that black rice has rich C and O content, followed by N, P, S content, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Zn content is less. The content of the O element in the chalky area is higher than that of the non-chalky area, while many elements such as C, N, P, S are significantly higher in the non-chalk areas than in the chalk areas; especially the N and S elements are the best indicators of protein, the content in chalkiness area was lower than that in non-chalky area. It can be inferred that the protein content in non-chalky part was higher than that in chalky part, that is, chalkiness character of black rice would affect the nutritional quality of rice. Therefore, our results showed the distribution of elements and protein in black rice, which is helpful for the cultivation of new high-quality black rice varieties in the future.
Dynamic Change of Gut Microbiota in the Male Bee of Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Liuhao , Zhang Zhengyi , Guo Yulong , Guo Jun , Chen Yanping , Zhuang Daohua , Li Jilian
Published: August 2021

The gut microbiota plays a key role in the development and health of bumble bees. Male bees are important for the reproductive activity of a colony, yet there are few studies on their gut microbiota. By using qPCR, we found that significant changes in total bacteria and six important bacteria genera from different developmental age points in males. And we compare the gut bacteria of male bees with workers. The results indicate that Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Lactobacillus are the dominant gut bacteria in male bees, which is consistent with the previous studies in worker bees, however, there are more total bacteria in male bees. Another gut bacteria genus, Bacillus may be a probiotic bacteria for reproduction in male bees, although the possible function of these bacteria require further study. This research can provide insight into the relationship between the bacterial community and the physiological health and reproductive capacity of male bumble bees.
Vegetable Growers and Women Empowerment: Their Effect in Poverty Reduction in Region Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Celestin N’Goran Koffi
Published: August 2021

In Côte d’Ivoire, women occupy an important place in the agricultural sector, which is the basis of the country’s economy. There is unanimous agreement on the essential role that these women must play through their empowerment for the country’s development. Therefore, we must find appropriate solutions to the problem of women’s empowerment in order to enable them to participate vigorously in the country’s development. This study aims to address the problems of women’s empowerment in agriculture by highlighting the potential opportunity that the practice of market gardening represents for women’s empowerment. Based on a qualitative approach using ENV (2019) data, the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) shows that women producer of market garden produce are as self-reliant as their counterparts in other agricultural sub-sectors. In the same logic, the WEAI shows us that the practice of this crop has a positive effect on women’s empowerment. By using these four (4) methods of effect determination, namely the Nearest Neighbour Method, Radius Method, Stratification Method and Kernel Method, the following values were obtained: 0.007; 0.039; 0.017; 0.027, which are all positive. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of market gardening on the empowerment of the women who practice it.
Soil Phosphorus and Corn Development Under Application of Phosphate Sources
Authors: Boldrin Paulo Fernandes , Reis Ana Carollina Pereira dos , Benites Vinícius de Mello , Tavares Rose Luiza Moraes , Menezes June Faria Scherrer , Cantão Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

Knowledge of the solubility of phosphate fertilizers is fundamental for phosphorus (P) recommendation management and for choosing the laboratory evaluation method of nutrient availability in the soil according to the history of fertilization. The aim was to evaluate the initial development of corn plants as a function of the application of triple superphosphate (TSP) and natural phosphate of Arraias (NPA) with and without liming and incubation time, as well as to evaluate the available P in the soil with the use the extractors Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3. An experiment was installed in an 8 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, being 8 fertilizer incubation times (180, 140, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 0 day(s) before planting), 3 P sources (control—without P, TSP and NPA) and 2 refers to the application of limestone (with and without limestone). Were evaluated the shoot and root dry matter, analysis of P, Ca, Mg, and Zn in shoot and P in roots. In the soil, P levels were determined by Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors. There was a greater accumulation of P with the application of TSP with limestone in all incubation times. The application of the NPA allowed a greater accumulation of P in the plants without the application of lime. The previous incubation of the NPA did not favor the efficiency of this source, neither in the soil with corrected acidity nor in the soil with its original acidity. Mehlich-3 proved to be adequate to determine the phosphorus content in soil fertilized by NPA.
Het Cornelius Haga Lyceum in gevecht met de overheid
Authors: Laemers Miek
Published: August 2021

Cornelius Haga Lyceum (islamitic secondary school) under attack because of alleged fundamentalist influences

Since – and even before – the start of the Cornelius Haga Lyceum (islamic secondary school in Amsterdam) in 2017, the school board has been involved in legal procedures against the government to fight for their right to exist as an islamic school. The difficult way the school was established, the illustrious history in the last ten years and the director’s retreat are described based on literature, media reports, and jurisprudence. The events are placed in the light of the pursuit from the government to fight radicalisation – may be even islamisation – in Dutch society and specially in Dutch schools. Special attention is paid to relevant themes of education law, like freedom of education in article 23 of the Dutch Constitution and citizeneducation.
Het toetsen van bekeringsverhalen nader bekeken
Authors: Luteijn Mart Jan , van den Broeke Leon , van Saane Joke
Published: August 2021

Were you even a real muslim to begin with?

In this article, we review our model for the study of conversions of 2016 and present some notable results of the past five years of research. During this time, we have observed a striking pattern, namely that the mode of participation in the old religion (mainly Islam) correlates with the keyword converts use to describe their new religion (mainly Christianity). We give four possible explanations out of the fields of hermeneutics, psychology, anthropology, and philosophy. Our main conclusion is that the model could be too focused on the general patterns of conversion and less on the specific words a convert uses to describe his or her own story.
De geestelijk verzorger in het perspectief van de verhouding tussen kerk en staat
Authors: van Eijk Ryan , van Bijsterveld Sophie
Published: August 2021

Spiritual care in the perspective of the relationship between church and state

Spiritual caregivers in the Netherlands are available in the military and in penitentiary institutions, in health care institutions and, recently, in the police. Within the military and the justice system, the spiritual care is traditionally characterised by a clear division of responsibilities between church and state. Due to domain specific developments in health care institutions and within the police, positions and responsibilities are less clear-cut. Developments such as the increased number of denominations that provide spiritual care tends to regard spiritual caregivers as ‘ordinary employees’. This article analyses the position of spiritual caregivers in the various domains and discusses current developments. It asserts that the church-state arrangement in the classic spiritual care areas requires respect and that the gist thereof should be taken into account in legal arrangements in the other domains.
Монгол, Оросын стратегийн түншлэлийг баталгаажуулах алхмууд
Authors: К Дэмбэрэл
Published: August 2021

Энэхүү судалгааны материал нь 1991 оноос хойш Монгол, Оросын хооронд байгуулсан өндөр ач холбогдол бүхий 4 чухал баримт бичгүүдийг зүйл бүрээр задалж үзсэн. Эдгээр нь 1991 оны Найрамдал, хамтын ажиллагааны Тунхаглал, 1993 оны Монгол, Оросын найрамдлын Гэрээ, 2000 оны Улаанбаатарын Тунхаглал, 2006 оны Москвагийн Тунхаглалууд билээ. Энэ судалгаа нь баримт бичгүүдийг байгуулах үеийн хоёр орны дотоод эдийн засаг, улс төрийн нөхцөл байдлыг товч харьцуулан үзүүлсэн. Монгол, Оросын стратегийн түншлэлд чухал ач холбогдол бүхий эдгээр баримт бичгүүдийн талаар судлаачийн үнэлэлт, дүгнэлт гаргасан судалгааны ажил болно.

 

Steps in Strengthening of Mongolian-Russian Strategic Partnership

This research work considers detailed investigation of the following four important documents, which were signed between Mongolia and Russia after 1991. These are “The declaration of friendship and cooperation , “The agreement of friendship, cooperation and neighbourly relationship between Mongolia and Russia”, “The declaration of Uiaanbaatar”, "The declaration of Moscow”. The research briefly compares economic and political environment in both countries during times when these documents were formed. Furthermore, this research work evaluates these important documents which play a profound role in strategic partnership between Russia and Mongolia.
Graphene based sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel nanocomposite for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Rajaputra Subhakaran Singh , Pennada Nagalakshmi , Yerramilli Anjaneyulu , Kummara Naga Mahesh
Published: August 2021

Graphene based sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was synthesized and its performance as nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte was investigated for application in quasi solid-state flexible supercapacitors. Hydrothermally reduced graphene (HRG) was synthesized through hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Sulfonated PVA hydrogel (SPVA) was synthesized with predetermined quantities of HRG to obtain nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes coded as SPVA-HRG-x (x = content (wt.%) of HRG). The amorphous nature of SPVA-HRG-x was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The electrochemical performance of SPVA-HRG-x was evaluated using techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS) studies of a lab scale supercapacitor cell, fabricated using hydrothermally reduced carbon cloth (CCHy) current collectors coated with HRG (HRG-CCHy). In SPVA-HRG-0.5 electrolyte, HRG-CCHy exhibited specific capacitance of 200 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and specific energy of 6.1 Wh kg-1 at specific power of 1 kW kg-1 and retained 93 % of its initial capacitance even after 5000 GCD cycles. The incorporation of SPVA with 0.5 wt.% of HRG-CCHy can be attributed to the increase in amorphous nature of SPVA-HRG-0.5, which in-turn lowers its impedance. This contributed to the remarkable supercapacitive behaviour of HRG-CCHy, demonstrating its potential as gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for application in quasi solid-state flexible supercapacitors.
O projeto da usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte: a autocracia energética como paradigma
Authors: Bermann Célio
Published: August 2021

Apesar do esforço intelectual de vários cientistas que condenaram a megaobra da Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, e do movimento social de resistência ao projeto, que reuniu as populações atingidas pelo empreendimento (povos indígenas e ribeirinhos), com apoio nacional e internacional, o governo brasileiro deu início às obras de sua construção. Este artigo contextualiza o projeto de Belo Monte como um paradigma para o processo de expansão da hidroeletricidade na região amazônica, refutando as premissas econômicas utilizadas para justificá-lo, analisando de forma crítica seus fundamentos técnicos e apontando as consequências socioambientais para as populações tradicionais da região.
AGRONEGÓCIO E AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL: DESAFIOS PARA A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DO MEIO RURAL
Authors: Delgado Nelson Giordano
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão da evolução das relações entre a agricultura e a economia no Brasil desde a década de 1980 com interesse de enfatizar o que consideramos obstáculos e oportunidades surgidos desde então para a transformação democrática do meio rural. O artigo mostra a política macroeconômica dos anos 1980 como condicionante do desenvolvimento agrícola e rural, impondo ajustamento externo à economia e à sociedade brasileiras, levando a agricultura a ser constrangida a produzir consideráveis superávits em sua balança comercial, visando garantir o ajustamento da balança de pagamentos do país. A hipótese é que no meio rural, o projeto neoliberal tem sido representado pelo chamado agronegócio, considerado como um bloco de poder, fortalecido desde aquele ajuste externo. Porém argumenta que os principais protagonistas do projeto democratizante no meio rural foram os sem-terra, assentados e agricultores familiares, nas lutas da década de 1990, com propostas alternativas de desenvolvimento rural baseadas na reforma agrária e no fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. A atuação desses atores sociais acabou conformando o reconhecimento público da presença de “duas agriculturas” que se autodefinem como tal: a do agronegócio e a da agricultura familiar.
Globalização, reestruturação produtiva e controle do trabalho no Pólo oleiro-cerâmico de Iranduba- AM
Authors: Maciel Cleiton Ferreira , Valle Maria Izabel , Moura Jeanne Mariel
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo analisa o processo de reestruturação produtiva e sua relação com o controle do trabalho no Pólo oleiro-cerâmico de Iranduba, município que se insere no mapa econômico do Estado do Amazonas como o maior produtor de telhas e tijolos desta parte da Amazônia brasileira. Nos últimos anos, mudanças significativas foram operadas no interior do processo produtivo e também nas formas de organização do trabalho desse segmento econômico, as quais apresentam características do novo paradigma da produção, qual seja, a produção flexível. A introdução de técnicas organizacionais, como Círculos de Controle de Qualidade, Programa 5S, e a busca pelas certificações internacionais como ISO 9000 e 14000 são ilustrativas das novas estratégias empresariais que vêm sendo utilizadas nas olarias de Iranduba. Compreender e interpretar as características do processo de reconfiguração produtiva tendo em vista o controle do trabalho em um setor que, até pouco tempo, era caracterizado pela baixa tecnologia empregada na fabricação dos seus produtos, e que usava a madeira nativa como matéria-prima na queima dos tijolos e telhas, são os propósitos do presente artigo.
Fronteiras em construção: representações de migrantes brasileiros na Guiana Francesa
Authors: Martins Rosiane Ferreira , Rodrigues Carmem Izabel
Published: August 2021

Nesse artigo examinamos como as migrações contribuem para re-arranjos das relações familiares e sociais, além da construção de novas identidades. Trata-se de uma reflexão acerca do mundo contemporâneo em uma análise sobre os sentidos de ser classificado como migrante e/ou estrangeiro, em um processo de construção de estratégias que marcam a vivência cotidiana. As relações entre migrantes de diferentes países, e a construção de espaços de sociabilidade marcados pela diversidade revelam identidades e percepções acerca das relações de conflito, solidariedades, alteridades entre o eu (clandestino) e o outro na cidade. Palavras-chave: Migrantes. Guiana Francesa. Representações sociais. In this article, we examine the way in which migratory flows contribute to a re-negotiation of family and social networks and to the construction of new identities. We embark on a reflection on the contemporary world and an analysis of meanings surrounding the process of being classified as a stranger-Other and the related strategies that mark processes of everyday life for migrants. The relationship between migrants from different countries and the related construction of spaces of sociability marked by diversity reveal identities and perceptions negotiated around relations of conflict, solidarity, and alterity between the clandestine I and the other in the city. Keywords: Migrants. French Guiana. Social representations.
Participation Status of Charities in Iran’s Health System
Authors: Gholamzadeh Nikjoo Raana , Joudyian Nasrin , Partovi Yegane
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study aimed to reflect on the participation status of charities at different levels (i.e., prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation) of Iran’s health care system. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was fulfilled in 2019 based on 40 charitable organizations involved in health care services delivery, which were randomly selected from the Iranian Charities Portal (ICP). Data were collected via a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 16.0 was used to analyze data. Results: Direct and indirect methods of service delivery were used in 63% of organizations. The most important sources of funding were associated with public donations. Furthermore, 94% of charities were evaluating the health care services with internal and external evaluation and customer satisfaction surveys. Conclusions: The charities could be a precious contribution to the health care system. To use this potential as a synergistic factor of the health system, adopting such strategies as creating sustainable funding sources and establishing more coordination between organizations are essential.
VX HYA TIME KEEPING. STROBOSCOPIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Bonnardeau, Michel
Published: August 2021

Photometric observations of the double-mode pulsator VX Hya are presented. They are analyzed with a stroboscopic method, completed by Fourier analysis.
Is God Capable of Enjoying Aesthetic Beauty?
Authors: Rodrigo Alicia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

Through this paper we seek to deal with the question of whether God is capable of enjoying aesthetic beauty. First of all, we will consider whether this beauty has meaning for God by contrasting Maritain’s and Hildebrand’s thoughts. This will lead us to expose the fundamental distinctions drawn by both authors regarding beauty, and to study more carefully the relationship between aesthetic beauty and the senses. Subsequently, we will present four criticisms of the assertion, inferred from Maritain’s thought, that aesthetic beauty has no meaning for God. Examining these criticisms will involve recognizing the fundamental distinction between transcendental beauty and aesthetic beauty, which cannot be understood just as something grounded in transcendental beauty. Finally, partially restoring Maritain’s theses, we will acknowledge the aporia present in the relationship between aesthetic beauty and God and we will discuss possible solutions to it.
Communication and Messages in Mexican Electronic Art
Authors: Villagomez-Oviedo Cynthia P. ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

Artists try to communicate precise ideas or concepts about certain social or political problems in order to change their context and surroundings. In this research the focus is on examples of Mexican Electronic artworks which specifically generate stages of communication. The methods applied to study these artifacts were observation, interview and analysis of certain art works and then selectively comparing different artists and their artistic works to understand, with the help of an adequate qualitative research approach, as to how the art communicated with human viewers. We concluded that communication of an abstract image could lead to different meanings. Interpretation depends on the cultural context of the viewer, age and nationality, among other important factors. Nonetheless all Mexican electronic artists studied in this research have a positive message for society, including justice and the preservation of environment and several related inspiring ideas.
Can We Learn Anything from Brain Simulation?
Authors: Demichelis Remy ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

If you figure out how machines learn, then you will figure out how the brain works, and what the brain’s functions are. Such an idea is widespread among philosophers and computer scientists who agree with a functionalist reductionist point of view of consciousness. This theory leads to hold that the more accurate the simulation of cognitive behavior is, the more the math behind it must be true – when true means what really happens in our brain. In this article, we aim to show that, on one hand, brain simulation is nothing more than just another simulation, and it offers very little help to understand – nor to produce – the vivid experiences (qualia) of cognitive functions. On the other hand, we would like to emphasize that when it succeeds at predicting a mechanism with less ambiguity and more accuracy than without a simulation nor direct observation, it really develops the knowledge of our brain. As long as brain simulation follows scientific principles, it should be regarded as valuable, even though the knowledge it brings to science must not be confused for the real phenomenon. Brain simulation, like all simulation, cannot fill any reality or epistemic gap. It is a consolation prize.
Phantom Perceptions
Authors: Harris C. E. ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

As digital cinema becomes increasingly dematerialized, in the vein of milestones such as Avatar (2009) and Gravity (2013), the role of CGI and other digital film technologies shift from a complement/corrective of filmed images to a means of creating images proper. In these films created without celluloid, without physical decors, and, increasingly, even without a camera, the insistence on retaining artifactual film formal techniques, codes, and devices from analog cinema is nonetheless striking: camera movements are simulated, lens flares are rendered digitally in the absence of lenses, editing proceeds according to classical codes of continuity, etc. This paper investigates the simulation of analog film forms and ‘dispositifs’ in digital cinema through the question of perception: what does it mean to perceive a camera that is not actually there? Or more generally, when are these simulated devices meant to be apparent, and when are they meant to be imperceptible? In order to approach these questions, this paper will look at cases in which perceptual objects may go unregistered, cases in which perceptual objects are rendered more perceptible by virtue of their digital simulation, and cases in which perceptual objects are meant to be perceived otherwise, in order to posit a skeuomorphic sensibility that links analog and digital cinema through experience.
Bookish Philosophy and Immediated Realism
Authors: Majkut Paul ,   Society for Phenomenology and Media
Published: August 2021

Disputes among conflicting “schools of thought,” located predominantly in philosophy departments in universities throughout the world, have degenerated into an academic, bookish philosophy that threatens to replace the discourse of wonder with the jargon of specialists. An elite process of inbred, intellectual decay renders all schools to a discourse that restricts philosophical discourse to print media, professional / professorial standards replace open-ended discussion, and “publish or perish” deflates the value of discourse. Literacy becomes the benchmark of understanding, and illiteracy is equated with lack of understanding. A tyranny of the articulate dismisses the wisdom of ordinary discourse, and the book itself becomes a coffin whose colophon page is a gravestone inscribed with the date of death of the corpse text within. Escape from this inevitable condition can be found in a return to the ordinary, common language and direct realism of the everyday human through a process of mediation, unmediation, and immediation.
Influencia del aula invertida en la formación científica inicial de Maestros/as: beneficios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, actitudes y expectativas hacia las ciencias
Authors: Ros Germán , Rodríguez Laguna María Teresa
Published: August 2021

La metodología de aula invertida tiene cada vez mayor difusión en el ámbito universitario pero sus implicaciones no están plenamente analizadas aún. En este trabajo se destacan los aspectos clave para una implementación exitosa del aula invertida y se incluyen objetivos didáctico-disciplinares imprescindibles para el aprendizaje significativo de las Ciencias Experimentales. El estudio se ha realizado en el contexto de la asignatura de Ciencias de la Materia y la Energía en tres titulaciones vinculadas al Grado en Magisterio de Educación Primaria y abarca más de 200 estudiantes, tanto en el grupo experimental como en el grupo control. Este estudio se ha abordado a través de tres instrumentos: el rendimiento académico de las distintas partes de la asignatura; grupos de discusión del personal docente implicado; y cuestionario final cumplimentado por el alumnado. El análisis de los mismos evidencia una mejora significativa en los resultados académicos de forma mayoritaria, al igual que un cambio favorable en sus expectativas como futuros docentes de Ciencias y en el desarrollo de actitudes positivas hacia las Ciencias. Además, se analizan los beneficios logrados durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, tales como el desarrollo de la capacidad de metacognición, el cambio de roles del personal docente y el alumnado y una mayor retroalimentación y nivel cognitivo alcanzados. Por último, se discuten estos resultados en base a dichos aspectos clave del aula invertida con la inclusión de los objetivos didácticos-disciplinares propios de las Ciencias Experimentales, así como la visión del personal docente a lo largo del mismo.

The flipped classroom is increasingly popular in the university environment, but its implications have not yet been fully analyzed. We study in this work how the application of the inverted class influences the teaching-learning process itself and its results, specifically in the scientific training of pre-service teachers. The study has been carried out in the context of the subject of Matter and Energy Sciences in three degrees related to the training of Teachers in Primary Education and covers more than 400 students. The key elements for a successful implementation of the inverted class are highlighted, didactic objectives essential for meaningful learning of Experimental Sciences are included, and the benefits achieved during the process are analyzed. Thus, significant improvements have been found in academic results in the most of the groups analyzed, and an overall benefit in the development of positive attitudes towards science, in their ability to metacognition and in their expectations as future science teachers.
Student Teachers and Kindergarten Children Talking about Picturebooks Focusing School in Didactic Research Labs at University
Authors: Hoffmann Jeanette
Published: August 2021

As part of the project “Lehren, Lernen und Forschen in Werkstätten” (Teaching, Learning and Researching in Laboratories) from 2016 to 2019, seminars on German language and literature didactics were held at the “Lern- und Forschungswerkstatt Grundschule” (LuFo, Primary Education Research Lab) at the Technische Universität (TU) of Dresden. The seminars, which were attended by student primary school teachers, dealt with telling stories using wordless picturebooks, reading aloud picturebooks about school or other topics. The student teachers dealt with selected picturebooks from the perspective of literature didactics, visual literacy studies and empirical research on reading engagement. They designed didactic arrangements (different kinds of didactically based activities by students with children in a literary-aesthetic context) following the principles of inquiry-based learning and invited kindergarten and primary school children to the LuFo to explore the stories told in the picturebooks together. The study is based on the student teachers' seminar papers in which they describe their projects, give didactic reasons for the selection of literature and analyse their interactions with the children around the picturebooks. Using the example of picturebooks about school, the study uses Key Incident Analysis to ask which books the student teachers chose and how they read them, how they talked to and interacted with the children about them and how they shaped the reading situations. Finally, they asked how they reflected on their own learning processes. The results give an insight into both the processes of reflection of the primary school student teachers and the processes of literary learning of the children.
Introducing Critical Literacy to Pre-Service English Teachers through Fairy Tales
Authors: Novianti Nita
Published: August 2021

The need for a more critical approach to EFL teaching and learning is undeniable, yet little has been done to prepare teachers for teaching with this approach. This article reports one of the cycles on my action research study, involving a teacher educator and 35 pre-service English teachers. Together with the teacher educator, a unit on critical literacy was developed using fairy tales as the core text. In the unit, we introduced pre-service teachers to critical
 literacy through the critical reading, analysis, and rewriting of fairy tales for social transformation. They were assigned to rewrite a fairy tale as a form of social action and to reflect on the choices made in the rewriting process. The re-written fairy tales and the accompanying reflection essay were analysed using a rubric adapted from the four dimensions of critical literacy (Lewison et al., 2002). The re-written fairy tales and the reflections suggest the pre-service teachers’ growing understanding of the non-neutrality of text, ability to read from a different perspective and offer an alternative one, and ability to identify socio-political issues, such as stereotypes, and to subvert them.
Incremental learning of LSTM framework for sensor fusion in attitude estimation
Authors: Narkhede Parag , Walambe Rahee , Poddar Shashi , Kotecha Ketan
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a novel method for attitude estimation of an object in 3D space by incremental learning of the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network. Gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer are few widely used sensors in attitude estimation applications. Traditionally, multi-sensor fusion methods such as the Extended Kalman Filter and Complementary Filter are employed to fuse the measurements from these sensors. However, these methods exhibit limitations in accounting for the uncertainty, unpredictability, and dynamic nature of the motion in real-world situations. In this paper, the inertial sensors data are fed to the LSTM network which are then updated incrementally to incorporate the dynamic changes in motion occurring in the run time. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework is demonstrated on the dataset collected from a commercially available inertial measurement unit. The proposed framework offers a significant improvement in the results compared to the traditional method, even in the case of a highly dynamic environment. The LSTM framework-based attitude estimation approach can be deployed on a standard AI-supported processing module for real-time applications.
De madera y hormigón: hábitat residencial y habitar de migrantes latinoamericanos en la ciudad de Santiago
Authors: Palma Rojas Cristóbal Sebastián
Published: August 2021

En base a dos experiencias etnográficas, una en un campamento (asentamiento informal) ubicado en el extremo norte del Gran Santiago y otra, aún en curso, en zonas de verticalización residencial en el centro de la comuna de Santiago, el presente artículo discute sobre la influencia de las materialidades y espacialidades de la vivienda en la configuración del habitar de migrantes latinoamericanos en la Región Metropolitana. Se concluye que el hábitat en campamentos, cuya espacialidad y materialidad son de orden flexible y en permanente construcción, permite formas de apropiación espacial, de tipo simbólico y material, conforme se procede a la edificación y mejora de la vivienda, mientras que el hábitat en zonas de verticalización residencial cuya materialidad es rígida y se encuentra pre-definida, restringe de manera sustantiva las posibilidades de apropiación espacial a nivel material. Aun así, en la intimidad de la vivienda y a nivel simbólico y afectivo se producen formas de domesticación del espacio residencial que resultan modeladas por sus usuarios migrantes.
Economic growth and tourism performance in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Berthier Martin Olivera , Brida Juan Gabriel , Segarra Verónica
Published: August 2021

Since the growing interest in the study of the dynamics of tourism and its implications for economic growth, this paper explores the Latin America and the Caribbean case. From the economic regimes’ conception and time series symbolization, we perform a cluster analysis and a posterior causality relationship estimation between economic growth and tourism performance for 22 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean considering the period between 1995 and 2015. Results show the existence of two clusters of countries with similar dynamic behaviour within them. The estimations show a positive causal and unidirectional relationship from economic growth to the tourism industry in the low-performing tourism cluster, and also a positive and bidirectional causal relationship in the high-performing tourism one.  JEL codes:  C33; C36; Z32.
Causal Relationship Model of Factors Affecting Workplace Happiness among Head Nurses’ of Secondary Hospital at Northern Region, Thailand
Authors: Ruetrakul Jirarat
Published: August 2021

Introduction: There is a growing recognition for workplace happiness worldwide. If employees work in an unfavorable atmosphere, this may lead to boredom, discouragement and disengagement as well as alienation from colleagues; thereby becoming unhealthy for both employees and organisations. Aim: To develop a causal relationship model of factors affecting workplace happiness among head nurses and test the model with empirical data collected with the chosen research sample. Materials and Methods: This research uses the causal relationship research method. A five point-Likert scale questionnaire about factors affecting workplace happiness was administered to 196 head nurses at secondary hospitals, northern Thailand. It included six latent variables: 1) leader characteristics; 2) work satisfaction; 3) awareness of the professional values; 4) organisational climate; 5) social support; and 6) workplace happiness. Analysis instruments were descriptive statistics i.e., frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation, and linear structural relationship model. Results: Based on the casual relationship model, the following factors were identified as influencing workplace happiness among the head nurses: social support, work satisfaction, organisational climate, leader characteristics and awareness of the professional values, respectively. After adjustment as alternative model, the causal relationship model of workplace happiness fit the empirical data, with Chi-square (χ2)= 238.098, df=205, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.99, Root Mean Squares Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.02, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.98, Standardised Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)=0.04. This means that the variables in the model can explain the variance of workplace happiness by 46.6%. Conclusion: Drawn from the casual relationship model of factors influencing happiness at work among the head nurses, the factors with the most influencing overall impact on happiness at work are: work satisfaction, organisational climate, social support, and leadership characteristics.
Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Therapy on Post Caesarean Section Pain and Stress: A Pilot Study
Authors: Parmar Riddhi , Tiwari Anjali
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Many mothers face some discomfort after caesarean section like pain, mood changes, postpartum depression and stress. Nonpharmacological methods can be utilised to relive these discomforts as they are simple to use, inexpensive and does not have any side effects. Benson’s Relaxation Therapy (BRT) is a form of breathing exercise to be done by postcaesarean section mothers, breathing in and out in sitting position with closed eyes. Saying to oneself the word “one” while breathing out. Aim: To evaluate the effect of BRT on level of pain and stress among postcaesarean section mothers. Materials and Methods: Quantitative research approach with quasi experimental: pre-test post-test control group design was used. By using convenient sampling technique, total 10 samples {experimental group(5) and control group(5)} were recruited. The intervention was given to the experimental group twice a day for 3 consecutive days. BRT was not administered in control group. Post-interventional pain and stress was assessed on 3rd day by using numerical pain rating scale for pain assessment and Modified Hung’s postpartum stress scale for stress assessment. Data were collected by using SPSS version 20. The t-test was used to analyse the data. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The study showed that BRT was effective in reducing pain level in experimental as well as in reducing stress level. The mean pain score for experimental group reduced from 7 to 2.2 while in control group it was 7.60 at pre-intervention and 4.6 at follow-up. The mean stress score for the experimental group reduced from 90.60 to 57.60 while in control group it was 92.00 at pre-intervention and 75.20 at follow-up. Conclusion: This study concluded the positive effect of BRT in reducing pain and stress level among postcaesarean section mothers.
Evaluation of Change in Aceclofenac Usage Pattern in Knee Osteoarthritis Following Viscosupplementation: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Kumar Banoth Kiran , Wadhwa RK , Badhal Suman , Chethan C , Kanaujia Vinay , Gupta Ajay
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of knee is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting the elderly population in Asia-Pacific region. Array of diverse treatment options exist including analgesics, Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, physical therapy, orthotic devices, structure modifying drugs, Intra-articular viscosupplementation, corticosteroids or Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and surgery. Viscosupplementation {Hyaluronic acid (HA)} is said to exert an anti-inflammatory effect and has remained a modality under investigation for a longtime. Aim: To see the change in aceclofenac usage pattern in knee OA following viscosupplementation as a surrogate for efficacy of viscosupplementation related pain relief. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective interventional study on 60 subjects over duration of 18 months (October 2015 to March 2017). The subjects who were prescribed viscosupplementation (single dose of Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid (IAHA) High Molecular Weight (HMW) 90 mg/3 mL in the affected knee) were included after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients were assessed at the baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks in terms of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and quantity of aceclofenac intake post viscosupplementation. Data were entered and analysed in SPSS version 21. Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage while continuous variables were presented as mean±SD and compared using paired t-test across follow-ups. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After viscosupplementation there was significant reduction in aceclofenac intake from 3.88±1.46 gm to 1.72±0.75 gm and p-value was <0.0001. There was also improvement in pain as VAS decreased from 6.88±0.98 to 3.97±0.86 (p-value <0.0001) over 12 weeks. Similarly there was functional improvement as WOMAC total score reduced from 46.2±8.45 to 27.53±5.67 after 12 weeks. The p-value was <0.0001 at all the follow-ups. Conclusion: Aceclofenac requirement is decreased and there is improvement in pain and function after viscosupplementation. Viscosupplementation reduces NSAIDs (aceclofenac) usage in OA knee while at the same time reducing pain and improving function.