bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐way waveform inversion: Real marine data application
Authors: Ben‐hassine Aimen , Duprat Véronique , Baina Reda , Brito Daniel
Published: April 2024

The reflection waveform inversion is a powerful technique to build a large‐scale velocity model of the subsurface by fitting the reflected recorded seismic waves. The reflection waveform inversion is designed based on the pillar concept of model and data‐scale separation. Therefore, its success is related to the ability of its forward modelling engine to separate reflected events distinctly from other propagation modes (diving waves, multiples, etc.). However, the standard Born modelling based on the two‐way wave equation may generate internal multiples in case of an insufficient smooth background model. These internal multiples may lead to a distorted sensitivity kernel, which adds more non‐linearity to the inverse problem. In addition, simulating the wave equation using two‐way propagators is still an overburden step of the algorithm especially in large three‐dimensional real surveys. In this proposal, we introduce an alternative to the two‐way wave equation by using a one‐way approach for the reflection waveform inversion. The Born modelling based on one‐way propagators significantly reduces the computational cost and I think it should be allows to relax the smooth background velocity model assumption by restricting the forward modelling to primary reflected waves. After a brief theoretical description of the one‐way waveform inversion, we present an application of the algorithm on the real marine dataset to review its promises and pitfalls. Our approach produces an acceptable large‐scale velocity model whose accuracy is confirmed by the migrated image and the offset gathers.
Distribution of mycotoxins during manufacture and storage of cheeses – A review
Authors: Massarolo Kelly C , Kupski Larine , Furlong Eliana B , Drunkler Deisy A
Published: April 2024

The distribution of mycotoxins during cheese production and storage is a complex process that depends on several factors, including milk quality, cheese type, storage conditions, and the presence of competing microorganisms. This paper investigates the occurrence and distribution of mycotoxins in curd/cheese/whey during different cheese processes and the effect of ripening/storage time on mycotoxin levels in the final product using a review approach. The paper covers the major mycotoxins that can contaminate cheese, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin‐A, roquefortine‐C, mycophenolic acid, and beauvericin. Overall, it synthesises the existing understanding of the spread of mycotoxins during cheese production and storage.
Restrictiveness of Medicare Advantage provider networks across physician specialties
Authors: Feyman Yevgeniy , Figueroa Jose , Garrido Melissa , Jacobson Gretchen , Adelberg Michael , Frakt Austin
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objective was to measure specialty provider networks in Medicare Advantage (MA) and examine associations with market factors.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We relied on traditional Medicare (TM) and MA prescription drug event data from 2011 to 2017 for all Medicare beneficiaries in the United States as well as data from the Area Health Resources File.

Study Design

Relying on a recently developed and validated prediction model, we calculated the provider network restrictiveness of MA contracts for nine high‐prescribing specialties. We characterized network restrictiveness through an observed‐to‐expected ratio, calculated as the number of unique providers seen by MA beneficiaries divided by the number expected based on the prediction model. We assessed the relationship between network restrictiveness and market factors across specialties with multivariable linear regression.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Prescription drug event data for a 20% random sample of beneficiaries enrolled in prescription drug coverage from 2011 to 2017.

Principal Findings

Provider networks in MA varied in restrictiveness. OB‐Gynecology was the most restrictive with enrollees seeing 34.5% (95% CI: 34.3%–34.7%) as many providers as they would absent network restrictions; cardiology was the least restrictive with enrollees seeing 58.6% (95% CI: 58.4%–58.8%) as many providers as they otherwise would. Factors associated with less restrictive networks included the county‐level TM average hierarchical condition category score (0.06; 95% CI: 0.04–0.07), the county‐level number of doctors per 1000 population (0.04; 95% CI: 0.02–0.05), the natural log of local median household income (0.03; 95% CI: 0.007–0.05), and the parent company's market share in the county (0.16; 95% CI: 0.13–0.18). Rurality was a major predictor of more restrictive networks (−0.28; 95% CI: −0.32 to −0.24).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that rural beneficiaries may face disproportionately reduced access in these networks and that efforts to improve access should vary by specialty.
Gamma ray‐irradiated fibroin protein from Bombyx mori protects against TNF‐α‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human skin keratinocytes through NF‐κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways
Authors: Park Hyun‐Ji , Kwon Mi‐Jin , Lee Gye Won , Cho Young Ho
Published: April 2024

Silk fibroin from Bombyx mori has traditionally been utilized for garment production; however, recently, it has become feasible to manufacture edible and cosmetic products using this material. Gamma‐ray irradiation can improve physiological activity through the modification of the structure of proteins in biological materials. In this study, we examined whether gamma ray‐irradiated fibroin protein (gFP) has a protective effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced cellular stress through a change in protein structure. First, we confirmed that the structure of FP was changed by gamma‐ray irradiation using electrophoresis, UV spectra and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). We further investigated the cytoprotective potential of 20 kGy‐irradiated fibroin protein (gFP20) in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) exposed to extracellular stress. gFP20 effectively decreased TNF‐α‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) overexpression and restored reduced type‐1 procollagen in HaCaT cells. This reduction occurred concomitantly with suppressed nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation, resulting in a decreased level of inflammatory mediator and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, gFP20 protected cells from TNF‐α‐induced oxidative stress by attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression and increasing the production of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) through the stimulation of the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus. Taken together, our findings indicate that low‐dose irradiated fibroin protein (gFP20) could be considered as a functional material for skincare products.
Prazosin and cyproheptadine in combination in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Aubin Henri‐Jean , Berlin Ivan , Guiraud Julien , Bruhwyler Jacques , Batel Philippe , Perney Pascal , Trojak Benoît , Bendimerad Patrick , Guillou Morgane , Bisch Michaël , Grall‐Bronnec Marie , Labarrière Damien , Delsart Dominique , Questel Frank , Moirand Romain , Bernard Philippe , Trovero Fabrice , Pham Hang Phuong , Tassin Jean‐Pol , Puech Alain
Published: April 2024

Background and aims

Pre‐clinical studies suggest that the simultaneous blockade of the α1b and 5HT2A receptors may be effective in reducing alcohol consumption. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of prazosin (α1b blocker) and cyproheptadine (5HT2A blocker) combination in decreasing total alcohol consumption (TAC) in alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Design, setting and participants

This was a double‐blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled, Phase 2, randomized clinical trial conducted in 32 addiction treatment centres in France. A total of 108 men and 46 women with severe AUD took part.

Intervention

Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following 3‐month treatments: (1) low‐dose group (LDG) receiving 8 mg cyproheptadine and 5 mg prazosin extended‐release (ER) formulation daily; (2) high‐dose group (HDG) receiving 12 mg cyproheptadine and 10 mg prazosin ER daily; and (3) placebo group (PG) receiving placebo of cyproheptadine and prazosin ER. A total of 154 patients were randomized: 54 in the PG, 54 in the LDG and 46 in the HDG.

Measurements

The primary outcome was TAC change from baseline to month 3.

Findings

A significant main treatment effect in the change in TAC was found in the intent‐to‐treat population (P = 0.039). The HDG and LDG showed a benefit in the change in TAC from baseline to month 3 compared with PG: −23.6 g/day, P = 0.016, Cohen's d = −0.44; −18.4 g/day, P = 0.048 (Bonferroni correction P < 0.025), Cohen's d = −0.36. In a subgroup of very high‐risk drinking‐level participants (> 100 g/day of pure alcohol for men and > 60 g/day for women), the difference between the HDG and the PG in the primary outcome was −29.8 g/day (P = 0.031, Cohen's d = −0.51). The high and low doses were well‐tolerated with a similar safety profile.

Conclusions

A randomized controlled trial of treatment of severe alcohol use disorder with a cyproheptadine−prazosin combination for 3 months reduced drinking by more than 23 g per day compared with placebo. A higher dose combination was associated with a larger magnitude of drinking reduction than a lower dose combination while showing similar safety profile.
Prevalence of infertility and barriers to family building among male physicians
Authors: Lin Jasmine S. , Dubin Justin M. , Aguiar Jonathan , Brannigan Robert E. , Halpern Joshua A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Fertility declines with increasing age and physicians often delay childbearing beyond prime reproductive years for the sake of medical training. However, the risks of infertility in male physicians compared to the general population remain poorly studied.

Objectives

To characterize rates of infertility among male physicians and identify barriers in access to fertility care and family building.

Materials & methods

Between June 2022 and December 2022, male physicians were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding fertility and family building. Surveys were disseminated electronically via social media and professional medical societies using Qualtrics (Provo, UT).

Results

Two hundred thirty‐five responses were included in the final analysis. The mean age of respondents was 36.3 ± 7.4 years. Of 151 respondents with children or currently attempting to have children, 66 (43.7%) delayed family building due to their medical training or career. The most influential factors affecting timing of children were lack of flexibility in schedule, lack of time, stress, and financial strain. Forty‐three (18.3.%) respondents had seen a doctor for fertility evaluation; an additional 12 (5.1%) said they considered doing so but did not, mostly due to being too busy. Sixty (25.5%) had undergone semen testing in the past. Thirty‐one (13.2%) reported a diagnosis of fertility issues in either themselves or their partner. Twenty‐seven (11.5%) endorsed either them or their partner having undergone assistive reproductive technologies or other procedures for infertility.

Discussion

A significant proportion of male physicians delayed building their family or seeking fertility evaluation due to their medical career. Around 23.4% of male physicians have either seen or considered seeing a physician for fertility evaluation, suggesting a high prevalence of infertility in this cohort.

Conclusion

Our results indicate a need for interventions to support family building and fertility evaluation and treatment among male physicians.
Disparities with global standards about growth references of mid‐upper arm circumference‐for‐age for Pakistani children aged 6–60 months
Authors: Akbar Natasha , Aslam Muhammad , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Altaf Saima , Ahmed Khawaja Masuood
Published: April 2024

Aim

Growth reference values about mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) are vital for assessing children's nutritional status. However, Pakistan lacks these reference values and growth charts. This study aims to develop these for children aged 6–60 months and compare them with global standards.

Methods

The data were acquired from the 2018 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan, which was conducted by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) during 2018–2019. The final study cohort comprised 57 285 children, with 51% being boys. Percentile values and charts for MUAC‐for‐age were developed using generalised additive models for location, scale and shape with the Box–Cox power exponential distribution.

Results

The mean MUAC was 14.21 cm (±2.07 cm) and 14.13 cm (±2.12 cm) for the boys and girls, respectively. At 60 months of age, the P3 and P97 percentiles for girls were slightly higher than those for boys. The median percentiles of Pakistani children were smaller than the World Health Organisation 2007 standards and with international references.

Conclusion

We observed disparities in MUAC‐for‐age growth references among Pakistani children compared to global standards, highlighting regional, age and gender variations. This underscores the need for developing countries like Pakistan to establish their growth references.
The effects of seed enhancements on plant establishment in native grasses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Berto Bianca , Ritchie Alison L. , Erickson Todd E.
Published: April 2024

Questions

Native grasses are widespread with high commercial value and demand across the restoration sector, though their uptake is often hampered by seed‐use challenges. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) provide a valuable tool for improving plant establishment outcomes for species (such as native grasses) where seed‐based approaches are essential to achieve large‐scale targets. However, due to the increased investment in resources and time associated with application of SETs, their adoption is dependent on the ability of these treatments to consistently provide benefits to one or more demographic life stages, particularly under field conditions. This meta‐analysis addresses the following research question: what are the overall effects of SETs on plant establishment outcomes compared to untreated florets or seeds in native grasses globally?

Location

Global.

Methods

The effects of six major SET categories (acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming, priming, and treatment combinations) on germination, emergence, and shoot and root length and biomass were explored. Furthermore, the consistency of the effects of SETs across study types (i.e., laboratory, glasshouse, and field) was investigated.

Results

The overall effects of SETs on native grasses in this meta‐analysis were positive for germination (16% improvement), emergence (22% improvement), and growth (6.42–8.86 cm and 2.26–2.77 g increase in seedling length and biomass, respectively). However, effects ranged from neutral to positive when data were grouped by SET type, with coating, pelleting and priming delivering consistent benefits across multiple life stages, and acid treatments, flash flaming, and combination treatments having mixed effects. This analysis also provided evidence that benefits observed from SET application in laboratory and glasshouse studies are not translating to field environments.

Conclusions

Overall, SETs generally had positive effects and can therefore provide a relatively low‐risk approach to improving seed‐based restoration outcomes in native grasses. Continued SET research focussed on long‐term plant establishment outcomes in field environments is needed to further advance SET uptake.
Succession and seasonality drive tropical butterfly assembly after an extreme hurricane
Authors: Aparicio‐Jiménez Dayneris , Terry Caitlin N. , Massol‐Deyá Arturo , Puente‐Rolón Alberto R. , Hulshof Catherine M.
Published: April 2024

The composition and biodiversity of insect community assemblages are mediated by a complex set of biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors are forest structure and atmospheric variables (like temperature and humidity), which are heavily influenced by frequent hurricane activity in the Caribbean. Despite this, changes in Caribbean insect assemblages as forests recover from hurricane disturbance are poorly documented. Butterflies represent a charismatic model taxon in biodiversity and conservation, and are thus an ideal subject for exemplifying these shifts in insect abundances and diversity across ecological succession. Here, we monitored butterfly communities in two Puerto Rican forests differing in structure (i.e., canopy height, tree size) to assess butterfly diversity, abundances, and community level wing traits (size and color) over 1 year, beginning 6 months after Hurricane Maria. Monthly sampling over the course of 1 year revealed no relationships between abundances and canopy openness or humidity; instead, species abundances fluctuated seasonally and were nonlinearly correlated with temperature. In contrast, wing size and color were linearly correlated with abiotic variables. Specifically, wings were larger in cooler and more open conditions. Wing color saturation and brightness were negatively correlated with humidity. Our results suggest that, first, a functional approach may provide better insight into the factors mediating species responses to disturbances. Second, further disentangling abundance seasonality from impacts of extreme disturbances necessitates long‐term monitoring.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Clinical performance and risk factors of all‐ceramic screw‐retained implant crowns in the posterior region based on a retrospective investigation
Authors: Graf Tobias , Lyko Alina , Dahmer Iulia , Stimmelmayr Michael , Dieterich Horst , Aggstaller Hans , Güth Jan‐Frederik
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Clinical data on all‐ceramic screw‐retained implant crowns (SICs) luted on titanium base abutments (TBAs) over more than 3 years are sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance and potential risk factors for these restorations.

Materials and Methods

Analysis took place based on the medical patient‐records of three dental offices. Implant survival and prosthetic complications over time were evaluated. The study included SICs in premolar and molar regions made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic (M_LiDi) or veneered zirconia (V_ZiO) luted on a TBA documented over an observation time of at least 3 years. Survival and complication rates were calculated and compared by a log‐rank test. Cox‐Regressions were used to check potential predictors for the survival (p < .05).

Results

Six hundred and one crowns out of 371 patients met the inclusion criteria and follow‐up period was between 3.0 and 12.9 (mean: 6.4 (SD: 2.1)) years. Over time, six implants had to be removed and 16 restorations had to be refabricated. The estimated survival rates over 10 years were 93.5% for M_LiDi and 95.9% for V_ZiO and did not differ significantly among each other (p = .80). However, V_ZiO showed significantly higher complication rates (p = .003). Material selection, sex, age, and implant diameter did not affect the survival of investigated SICs but crown height influences significantly the survival rate (hazard ratio, HR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.49); p = .043).

Conclusions

Screw‐retained SICs luted on TBAs that were fabricated from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic or veneered zirconia showed reliable and similar survival rates. Increasing crown heights reduced survival over the years.
Tracking aquatic animals for fisheries management in European waters
Authors: Özgül Aytaç , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Abecasis David , Alós Josep , Aarestrup Kim , Reubens Jan , Bolland Jon , Lök Altan , Edwards Jena E. , Pengal Polona , Prchalová Marie , Říha Milan , Pickholtz Renanel , Vollset Knut Wiik , Afonso Pedro , Davidsen Jan Grimsrud , Arlinghaus Robert , Ünal Vahdet , Lennox Robert J.
Published: April 2024

Acoustic telemetry (AT) has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring aquatic animals in both European inland and marine waters over the past two decades. The European Tracking Network (ETN) initiative has played a pivotal role in promoting collaboration among AT researchers in Europe and has led to a significant increase in the number of tagged and observed aquatic animals in transboundary European waters. While AT benefits decision‐making and delivers essential data to management bodies, its potential for management decision‐making mechanisms has yet to be fully harnessed. We reviewed existing research, studies, and organisational initiatives related to aquatic animal tracking and their utility in fisheries management in European waters. We found that AT has already contributed to many aspects of fisheries management, such as improved understanding of stock dynamics, identification of critical habitats, assessment of migration routes, and evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation measures. However, broader utilisation of tracking technologies is needed. By leveraging the full potential of AT, managers can make more informed decisions to protect, restore, and sustainably manage European waters and creatures that live therein.
Evaluating the multiple sulfur isotope signature of Eoarchean rocks from the Isua Supracrustal Belt (Southwest‐Greenland) by MC‐ICP‐MS: Volcanic nutrient sources for early life
Authors: Macdonald Jane E. , Sugden Patrick , Dumont Matthew , Szilas Kristoffer , Glorie Stijn , Simpson Alexander , Gilbert Sarah , Burke Andrea , Stüeken Eva E.
Published: April 2024

On the anoxic Archean Earth, prior to the onset of oxidative weathering, electron acceptors were relatively scarce, perhaps limiting microbial productivity. An important metabolite may have been sulfate produced during the photolysis of volcanogenic SO2 gas. Multiple sulfur isotope data can be used to track this sulfur source, and indeed this record indicates SO2 photolysis dating back to at least 3.7 Ga, that is, as far back as proposed evidence of life on Earth. However, measurements of multiple sulfur isotopes in some key strata from that time can be challenging due to low sulfur concentrations. Some studies have overcome this challenge with NanoSIMS or optimized gas‐source mass spectrometry techniques, but those instruments are not readily accessible. Here, we applied an aqua regia leaching protocol to extract small amounts of sulfur from whole rocks for analyses of multiple sulfur isotopes by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Measurements of standards and replicates demonstrate good precision and accuracy. We applied this technique to meta‐sedimentary rocks with putative biosignatures from the Eoarchean Isua Supracrustal Belt (ISB, >3.7 Ga) and found positive ∆33S (1.40–1.80‰) in four meta‐turbidites and negative ∆33S (−0.80‰ and −0.66‰) in two meta‐carbonates. Two meta‐basalts do not display significant mass‐independent fractionation (MIF, −0.01‰ and 0.16‰). In situ Re–Os dating on a molybdenite vein hosted in the meta‐turbidites identifies an early ca. 3.7 Ga hydrothermal phase, and in situ Rb–Sr dating of micas in the meta‐carbonates suggests metamorphism affected the rocks at ca. 2.2 and 1.7 Ga. We discuss alteration mechanisms and conclude that there is most likely a primary MIF‐bearing phase in these meta‐sediments. Our new method is therefore a useful addition to the geochemical toolbox, and it confirms that organisms at that time, if present, may indeed have been fed by volcanic nutrients.
Nitrogen fertilization effects on aged Miscanthus × giganteus stands: Exploring biomass yield, yield components, and biomass prediction using in‐season morphological traits
Authors: Namoi Nictor , Jang Chunhwa , Behnke Gevan D. , Lee Jung Woo , Yang Wendy , Lee DoKyoung
Published: April 2024

For sustainable biomass production of Miscanthus × giganteus (hereafter miscanthus), understanding the impact of stand age and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass yield is crucial. This study investigated the effects of varying N fertilization rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha−1) on yield components (tiller height, density, and weight) and their correlations with end‐of‐season biomass yield in miscanthus. We also explored end‐of‐season biomass yield prediction using in‐season traits (canopy height, leaf area index, and leaf chlorophyll content [LCC]). The study was conducted at two sites in Illinois: a previously unfertilized 10‐year‐old miscanthus research stand at Urbana and a 16‐year‐old commercial stand at Pesotum with a history of annual 56N application. Results from 2018 to 2021 in Urbana and 2020 to 2021 in Pesotum showed increased biomass yields with N fertilization, varying by rate, year, and location. Biomass yield in Pesotum peaked at 56N, while in Urbana, it increased significantly at 112 kg N ha−1. Biomass yield was strongly correlated with tiller height and weight measured at Urbana across N rates. Morphological traits measured every 2–3 weeks during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons showed that canopy height was the strongest single predictor of miscanthus biomass yield, followed by LCC. Mid‐August to September measurements of these traits were the best predictors of biomass yield. Multiple regressions involving the canopy height and LCC further improved yield predictions. We conclude that while N enhances biomass yields of aging miscanthus, the optimum rate depends on the site, environmental conditions, and management history.
Hegel's Transcendent Absolute
Authors: Barbour Kyle J.
Published: April 2024

In this essay, I argue that Hegel's Absolute must be understood to be transcendent in the sense of being both immanent within the world and exceeding it. This account of transcendence invariably turns on Hegel's inheritance of the Christian tradition and, in particular, the metaphysics espoused through Christian Platonism. To support my argument I will examine the methodological immanentism of Hegel's phenomenology to show that such immanentism, while demanded by any phenomenology, is not necessarily imported into his metaphysics. I will then examine Hegel's Logic to show that the dialectic which his thought relies upon compels the finite subject to recognise that all finite things, including themselves, are grounded within the Absolute Idea. I will then examine whether we must understand the Absolute Idea as immanent or whether there is room to conceive of it as transcendent. I conclude the essay by showing that the sense of transcendence as found within Nicene Christianity provides an understanding of transcendence that is not only compatible with Hegel's thought but actually allows us to make better sense of his system than the immanentist interpretation of it.
Trends in the Brazilians' engagement with insects on the internet
Authors: da Silva Arthur Filipe , Barão Kim Ribeiro
Published: April 2024

It is estimated that the tropical and south temperate regions harbour approximately 85% of the total entomofauna, and Brazil, which is the largest country in the Neotropical region, shows the greatest insect diversity in the world. However, to the best of our knowledge, the Brazilian population's interest in insects is yet to be investigated.

We use Google Trends platform for prospecting temporal variation in the public engagement with nature. From searches in this database, from 2012 to 2020, using common names of 21 insect groups, we evaluated: (I) Brazilians' internet interest on insects over time, (II) the highest search themes for each insect group and (III) which pairs of insects are positively or negatively correlated regarding the public interest through years.

Our findings demonstrate that Brazilians' internet interest regarding the studied insect groups is constant over time, which may be linked with the low attention these organisms generally receive, and that Brazilians are prone to perceive them as harmful, as we can observe in many of the top queries related to studied groups.

We observed a considerable synchronous growth in interest regarding pairs of insects considered as domestic pests, medically important and charismatic, and the searches on these groups referred mainly to their biological, ecological and cultural aspects.

Our results indicate that investment in environmental education in Brazil can motivate public engagement with insects. Also, our data can be crucial for directing conservation policies for insects in the tropical region.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy promotes the browning of white fat and contributes to the healing of diabetic wounds
Authors: Yin Yue , Wang Shang‐Yuan , Xie Di , Pan Shu‐Ming , Fu Hui‐min , Feng Zhi‐hui , Gao Cheng‐Jin , Ge Xiao‐Li
Published: April 2024

Non‐healing wounds are one of the chronic complications of diabetes and have remained a worldwide challenge as one of the major health problems. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is proven to be very successful for diabetic wound treatment, for which the molecular basis is not understood. Adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes. Endothelial cell‐derived extracellular vesicles could promote wound healing in diabetes. To study the mechanism by which HBO promotes wound healing in diabetes, we investigated the effect of HBO on fat cells in diabetic mice. A diabetic wound mouse model was established and treated with HBO. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence were used for the analysis of wound healing. To further explore the mechanism, we performed whole‐genome sequencing on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Furthermore, we conducted in vitro experiments. Specifically, exosomes were collected from human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cells after HBO treatment, and then these exosomes were co‐incubated with adipose tissue. The wound healing rate in diabetic mice treated with HBO was significantly higher. HBO therapy promotes the proliferation of adipose precursor cells. HUVEC‐derived exosomes treated with HBO significantly promoted fat cell browning. These data clarify that HBO therapy may promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and promote browning of fat cells through vascular endothelial cells derived exosomes, thereby promoting diabetic wound healing. This provides new ideas for the application of HBO therapy in the treatment of diabetic trauma.
Microporosity evolution in polymer‐derived SiOC glasses pyrolyzed in different atmospheres
Authors: Cassetta Michele , Peterlik Herwig , Konegger Thomas , Daldosso Nicola , Sorarù Gian Domenico , Biesuz Mattia
Published: April 2024

Polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) are a class of advanced materials obtained by pyrolysis in a controlled atmosphere of an organosilicon polymer. Their functional as well as mechanical properties originate from the peculiar nanostructures developed during the pyrolysis. Herein, we investigate the formation of transient microporosity in a model PDC (methyl‐silsesquioxane) obtained in Ar, Ar–5%H2, CO2, and air. It is shown that a common evolution can be detected up to 700°C. At this temperature, the structure of the material in terms of chemical bonds is marginally changed (only redistribution reactions take place), but the medium‐range order is clearly modified moving the system to a more disordered state (detected by small angle x‐ray scattering [SAXS]) and causing the formation of a large amount of open micropores sized at about 1.2–1.7 nm. In the 700–800°C range, the proper ceramization starts causing the formation of a new class of small (around 1 nm) open micropores. These partially annihilate at 900°C in Ar and Ar–H2 (i.e., in the second part of the ceramization process), whereas they totally collapse in CO2 due to the formation of a more silica‐like SiOC (less polymerized and viscous). Finally, SAXS points out the persistence of relatively large closed nanovoids of about 1 nm at 1250°C for the samples treated in Ar and Ar–H2. These might explain anomalies in terms of density, elastic modulus, and thermal conductivity of this class of ceramics as reported in the literature.
Spatial phylogenetics of Fagales: Investigating drivers of temperate forest distributions
Authors: Folk R. A. , Siniscalchi C. M. , Doby J. , Kates H. R. , Manchester S. R. , Soltis P. S. , Soltis D. E. , Guralnick R. P. , Belitz M.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Quantifying the phylogenetic diversity of temperate trees is essential for understanding the processes that have shaped the modern distribution of temperate broadleaf forest and other major forest biomes. Here, we focus on Fagales, an iconic member of forests worldwide, to uncover global diversity and endemism patterns and investigate the distribution of root nodule symbiosis (RNS), an important morphological specialisation in this clade, as a key factor behind these patterns.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Fagales.

Methods

We combined phylogenetic data covering 60.2% of living species, fine‐scale distribution models covering 90% of species, and nodulation data covering all species to investigate the distribution of species richness and phylogenetic diversity at fine spatial scales compared to the distribution of RNS. We identify abiotic environmental factors associated with RNS and with Fagales diversity in general.

Results

We find the highest species richness in temperate east Asia, eastern North America, and equatorial montane regions of Asia and Central America. By contrast, relative phylogenetic diversity (RPD) is highest at higher latitudes, where RNS also predominates. We found a strong spatial structuring of regionalisations of Fagales floras, reflecting distinct Northern and Southern Hemisphere floras (except a unique Afro‐Boreal region), each with distinct RNS‐environment relationships.

Main Conclusions

Although species richness and phylogenetic regionalisation for Fagales accord well with traditional biogeographic concepts for temperate forests, this is not the case for RPD. RNS is almost universal in the highest RPD regions, which may reflect ecological filtering promoting RNS in these regions. Our results highlight the utility of global‐scale, clade‐specific spatial phylogenetics and its utility for understanding drivers of diversity in species‐rich clades.
A joint evaluation method of regulated‐learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building
Authors: Gao Yu , Wu Linjing , Lv Xiaotong , Ma Xinqian , Liu Qingtang
Published: April 2024

Background

Both socially regulated learning and cognitive quality are important factors affecting collaborative knowledge building, but the current research lacks a joint quantified evaluation method that combines these two aspects.

Objectives

Based on the existing framework, we proposed a joint evaluation method for regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building, and further extracted the evaluation indicators.

Methods

This study involved 74 learners enrolled in a course named ‘the Application of Modern Educational Technology’ as the subject of study, and made a case analysis with this method.

Results and Conclusions

First, the indicators of this joint evaluation method could complement the indicators of traditional frequency statistics methods and facilitate an analysis of regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building. Second, the group with a higher proportion of high‐level cognitive quality and socially shared regulation in collaborative knowledge building achieved better final scores. Finally, four types of groups were obtained through clustering: excellent, risky, mixed group, and highly collaborative group. This study introduced a joint evaluation method for regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building and provides suggestions for future research.
Purine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma: A single‐cell analysis revealing prognostic and immunotherapeutic insights
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Pei Shengbin , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Mengzhe , Zhang Lianmin , Zhang Zhenfa
Published: April 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent subtype of lung cancer, yet the contribution of purine metabolism (PM) to its pathogenesis remains poorly elucidated. PM, a critical component of intracellular nucleotide synthesis and energy metabolism, is hypothesized to exert a significant influence on LUAD development. Herein, we employed single‐cell analysis to investigate the role of PM within the tumour microenvironment (TME) of LUAD. PM scoring (PMS) across distinct cell types was determined using AUCell, UCell, singscore and AddModuleScore algorithms. Subsequently, we explored communication networks among cells within high‐ and low‐PMS groups, establishing a robust PM‐associated signature (PAS) utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising LUAD samples from TCGA and five GEO datasets. Our findings revealed that the high‐PMS group exhibited intensified cell interactions, while the PAS, constructed using PM‐related genes, demonstrated precise prognostic predictive capability. Notably, analysis across the TCGA dataset and five GEO datasets indicated that low‐PAS patients exhibited a superior prognosis. Furthermore, the low‐PAS group displayed increased immune cell infiltration and elevated CD8A expression, coupled with reduced PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, data from eight publicly available immunotherapy cohorts suggested enhanced immunotherapy outcomes in the low‐PAS group. These results underscore a close association between PAS and tumour immunity, offering predictive insights into genomic alterations, chemotherapy drug sensitivity and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. The newly established PAS holds promise as a valuable tool for selecting LUAD populations likely to benefit from future clinical stratification efforts.
A single‐chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Yang Zhi , Li Chunmei , Wang Yongqin , Dong Wei , Yang Moujie , Jin Junfei
Published: April 2024

Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to recognize post‐ischemic neoepitopes following reperfusion of tissues and to activate complement. Specifically, IgM antibodies and complement have been shown to drive hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Herein, we investigate the therapeutic effect of C2 scFv (single‐chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody) on hepatic IRI in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with PBS‐treated mice, C2 scFv‐treated mice displayed almost no necrotic areas, significant reduction in serum ALT, AST and LDH levels, and significantly reduced in the number of TUNEL positive cells. Moreover, C2 scFv‐treated mice exhibited a notable reduction in inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI than PBS‐treated mice. The serum IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MPC‐1 levels were also severely suppressed by C2 scFv. Interestingly, C2 scFv reconstituted hepatic inflammation and IRI in Rag1−/− mice. We found that C2 scFv promoted hepatic cell death and increased inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI in Rag1−/− mice. In addition, IgM and complement 3d (C3d) were deposited in WT mice and in Rag1−/− mice reconstituted with C2 scFv, indicating that C2 scFv can affect IgM binding and complement activation and reconstitute hepatic IRI. C3d expression was significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice treated with C2 scFv compared to PBS, indicating that excessive exogenous C2 scFv inhibited complement activation. These data suggest that C2 scFv alleviates hepatic IRI by blocking complement activation, and treatment with C2 scFv may be a promising therapy for hepatic IRI.
Long‐term outcomes after rehabilitation in Medicare Advantage and fee‐for‐service beneficiaries
Authors: Lam Kenneth , Kleijwegt Hannah , Bollens‐Lund Evan , Nicholas Lauren H. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Ankuda Claire K.
Published: April 2024

Background

Financial incentives in capitated Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may lead to inadequate rehabilitation. We therefore investigated if MA enrollees had worse long‐term physical performance and functional outcomes after rehabilitation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study. We compared MA and fee‐for‐service (FFS) beneficiaries reporting rehabilitation between 2014 and 2017 by change in (1) Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and (2) NHATS‐derived Functional Independence Measure (FIM) from the previous year, using t‐tests incorporating inverse‐probability weighting and complex survey design. Secondary outcomes were self‐reported: (1) improved function during rehabilitation, (2) worse function since rehabilitation ended, (3) meeting rehabilitation goals, and (4) meeting insurance limits.

Results

Among 738 MA and 1488 FFS participants, weighted mean age was 76 years (SD 7.0), 59% were female, and 9% had probable dementia. MA beneficiaries were more likely to be Black (9% vs. 6%) or Hispanic/other race (15% vs. 10%), be on Medicaid (14% vs. 10%), have lower income (median $35,000 vs. $48,000), and receive <1 month of rehabilitation (30% vs. 23%). MA beneficiaries had a similar decline in SPPB (−0.46 [SD 1.8] vs. −0.21 [SD 2.7], p‐value 0.069) and adapted FIM (−1.05 [SD 3.7] vs. −1.13 [SD 5.45], p‐value 0.764) compared to FFS. MA beneficiaries were less likely to report improved function during rehabilitation (61% [95% CI 56–67] vs. 70% [95% CI 67–74], p‐value 0.006). Other outcomes and analyses restricted to inpatient rehabilitation participants were non‐significant.

Conclusions and Relevance

MA enrollment was associated with lower likelihood of self‐reported functional improvement during rehabilitation but no clinically or statistically significant differences in annual changes of physical performance or function. As MA expands, future studies must monitor implications on rehabilitation coverage and older adults' independence.
Experiences of healthcare professionals, patients and families with video calls to stimulate patient‐ and family‐centred care during hospitalization: A scoping review
Authors: Musters Selma C. , Coolen Celeste M. , Jongerden Irene P. , Schijven Marlies P. , Maaskant Jolanda M. , Eskes Anne M.
Published: April 2024

Aim

To synthesize the literature on the experiences of patients, families and healthcare professionals with video calls during hospital admission. Second, to investigate facilitators and barriers of implementation of video calls in hospital wards.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications in the period between 2011 and 2023. Publications were selected if they focused on experiences of patients, families or healthcare professionals with video calls between patients and their families; or between families of hospitalized patients and healthcare professionals. Quantitative and qualitative data were summarized in data charting forms.

Results

Forty‐three studies were included. Patients and families were satisfied with video calls as it facilitated daily communication. Family members felt more engaged and felt they could provide support to their loved ones during admission. Healthcare professionals experienced video calls as an effective way to communicate when in‐person visits were not allowed. However, they felt that video calls were emotionally difficult as it was hard to provide support at distance and to use communication skills effectively. Assigning local champions and training of healthcare professionals were identified as facilitators for implementation. Technical issues and increased workload were mentioned as main barriers.

Conclusion

Patients, families and healthcare professionals consider video calls as a good alternative when in‐person visits are not allowed. Healthcare professionals experience more hesitation towards video calls during admission, as it increases perceived workload. In addition, they are uncertain whether video calls are as effective as in‐person conservations.

Implications for the Clinical Practice

When implementing video calls in hospital wards, policymakers and healthcare professionals should select strategies that address the positive aspects of family involvement at distance and the use of digital communication skills.

Patient Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Guaranteed Basic Income from the Perspective of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Howard Joshua L.
Published: April 2024

In capitalistic societies the concepts of income and labour are inseparable, and as such, providing all citizens with an unconditional living wage is a contentious issue. Capitalist ideals that emphasize individual effort, competition, and financial prosperity have spurred tremendous economic growth but underestimate human motivation and have implications for human wellbeing. The aim of this essay is to examine the implications of guaranteed basic income based on existing data from the perspective of self‐determination theory, a humanistic theory of motivation that considers both practical performance‐related outcomes as well as human flourishing. I discuss the motivational dynamics involved in labour participation rates, how basic income may impact basic psychological needs and wellbeing, how basic income may impact workplace environments, and whether neoliberal capitalist values are a useful framework through which to discuss basic income. From this perspective, the benefits of basic income to individuals and society are promising. A shift in values from hyper‐rational competitive ideologies towards more humanistic frameworks such as self‐determination theory may be beneficial for not only for basic income and management research, but also the evaluation of public policy.
Chitosan‐based dressing for management of palatal donor site: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yadav Vikender Singh , Makker Kanika , Haidrus Razia , Dawar Anika , Gumber Bhumika
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a chitosan‐based dressing (CD) in achieving early wound healing and hemostasis at palatal donor sites in patients undergoing free gingival graft (FGG) surgery.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients requiring FGG were treated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Complete epithelialization (CE) and color match (CM) at donor sites were assessed by a blinded examiner on postoperative days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Donor sites were compressed for 2 min with wet gauze (WG) alone in control group (CG) or WG + CD in test group (TG) immediately after graft harvesting, and immediate bleeding (IB) was recorded (yes/no). Delayed bleeding (DB) (for 1 week), and number of analgesic tablets consumed, and VAS scores for pain (for 2 weeks) were recorded by patient every day.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients (14 in each group) were included in final analysis. The prevalence of CE (at weeks 2 and 3) and VAS scores for CM scores were higher in TG but the intergroup differences were statistically significant only for CM (at week 4). Number of patients exhibiting IB and DB was significantly fewer in the TG (p < .05). Although average pain scores and analgesic consumption were higher in TG up to 5 days, differences between two groups were not statistically significant at any time point.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that the application of CD increased re‐epithelialization and accelerated wound healing process, although it did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, CD was found to significantly reduce bleeding complications, but it did not decrease the pain levels.