bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockage and Permeability of Permeable Asphalt Pavement Materials Based on the CAVF Method
Authors: Wang Weiming , Yang Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

The permeable asphalt concrete pac-13a is designed based on the CAVF method. By measuring the porosity, connected porosity, and pavement water permeability coefficient of the test piece, it has better water permeability performance than pac-13b, designed by a traditional empirical method. The vertical permeability coefficient tester is used to carry out the water permeability test under the action of four kinds of different blocking substances. The three stages of blocking the permeable pavement are reproduced. The permeability coefficient and the residual rate of the permeability coefficient were calculated by modifying Darcy’s law. The regression model of the permeability coefficient and blocking times of four kinds of plugging materials was established. The permeability of the test pieces was restored to varying degrees by high-pressure water gun injection. The test results showed that pac-13a had good water permeability and more connected porosity. It could maintain a certain permeability even if it were blocked; the blockage of urban expressways and arterial roads has the least impact on the permeability of PAC.
Adjustable electronic structure and magnetism of ZnO nanoribbons by applying an electric field
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Peng , Wen Junqing
Published: September 2023

The electronic characteristics and magnetism of nitrogen passivated armchair ZnO nanoribbons (NA8ZnONRs) by applying an electric field were analyzed using the DFT method at the LDA+U level. The outcomes suggest that intrinsic armchair ZnO nanoribbons (A8ZnONRs) are nonmagnetic semiconductors. After nitrogen passivation, NA8ZnONRs display ferromagnetism, whose magnetism (3.21 μB) primarily derives from spin polarization of p orbital electrons of passivated N atoms (2.56 μB) and boundary O atoms (0.69 μB). By applying X-axis electric field, A8ZnONRs still exhibit ferromagnetism, and magnetism primarily derives from the spin-splitting polarization of p orbital electrons of boundary O atoms and passivated N atoms.
Study on the Permeability of GCL Materials in Coupled Environment
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Hongcheng , Song Fei
Published: September 2023

As a new-type anti-seepage material, Geosynthetic Clay Liner (hereinafter referred to as GCL) has been applied in various anti-seepage projects and achieved good benefits. Based on different salt solution types, concentrations, dry-wet, and freeze-thaw cycles, this paper designs a permeability test of GCL after aging, and the result shows that: (1) under the influencing factors of single salt solution, there is a threshold concentration of 0.15 mol/L, which means that the increase rate of GCL permeability coefficient suffers a significant decrease above this concentration. (2) With fewer numbers (<4 ) of dry-wet cycles the GCL permeability coefficient shows faster growth and then returns gradually to stability. (3) Compared with dry-wet and freeze-thaw environments, cation concentration and valence have a more prominent inhibition effect on the anti-seepage property of GCL. The research results can provide data reference and reasonable advice for the deterioration of various indicators of GCL material and its service life in corresponding projects in saline soil areas.
The Influence of Geometrical Parameters on Temperature Deformation of Spherical Honeycomb Sandwich Structure
Authors: Xu Jinkang , Zhou Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

As a reflector of the high-precision measurement system, the reflecting surface RMS has a significant impact on the accuracy of the entire system. Currently, studies on honeycomb sandwich structures mainly focus on optimization with lightweight as the goal and stiffness and strength as constraints. And studies on temperature deformation are limited. Consulting the honeycomb sandwich equivalent theory, this paper has studied the influence of geometric parameters of honeycomb sandwich structure on the reflecting RMS in different temperature fields. In global temperature fields, the reflecting surface RMS is linked to curvature radius R, temperature changes, and the length a closely. The height mainly causes the translation of the reflecting surface in the Z direction. In temperature gradient fields, the reflecting surface RMS is linked to the height h, temperature gradient, and length a closely. And the curvature radius R has little effect.
Micro-arc plasma discharge polishing for multi-material parts
Authors: Yin Xincheng , Wang Youliang , Liu Jianhui , Deng Linfeng , Li Shujuan
Published: September 2023

Multiple material parts (MMP) have good physical and mechanical properties, which are commonly used in some critical applications such as engine blades. Current polishing techniques for MMP suffer from low efficiency and poor surface quality. To effectively polish MMP with complex shapes, this paper proposes an environmentally friendly micro-arc plasma polishing method that combines electrochemical and electrical discharge machining. The material removal mechanism of micro-arc plasma discharge polishing of MMP is analyzed. The experiments show that the proposed method is feasible by polishing 304 stainless steels, and the influence factors of the polishing efficiency and surface quality are discussed. The parameters’ optimization is conducted that provides the technical theory basis and control strategy for MMPs’ engineering application.
Preparation and fluorescence properties of SiO2-coated CsPbBrI2 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Ma Siyu , Zhang Jing , An Limin
Published: September 2023

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) have garnered significant interest due to their promising applications and have become a leading research subject in the field of optoelectronics. The weak stability of CsPbBrI2 perovskite nanocrystals has hindered their development, however, silica coating can effectively solve this problem. The (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane was used as a raw material for silica synthesis to form core-shell structured CsPbBrI2@SiO2 perovskite nanocrystals to obtain enhanced optoelectronic properties. This article reveals the narrow absorption and emission peaks, small half-height widths, 14.6 ns fluorescence lifetimes, and 106.2 meV exciton binding energies of CsPbBrI2@SiO2 perovskite nanocrystals. The results show that the core-shell structured CsPbBrI2@SiO2 perovskite nanocrystals prepared by this method have excellent fluorescence spectral properties and hold significant promise for future applications in optoelectronic devices.
A covalent organic framework based on multi-carbonyl as anode material for lithium-organic batteries
Authors: Li Suriguga , Wang Heng Guo
Published: September 2023

A covalent organic framework (COF) with multi-carbonyl was synthesized by a condensation reaction between 1,3,5-triformyl chlorobutanediol (TFP) and 2.5-diamino benzene sulfonic acid (PaSO3H), It is using as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Benefiting from the rigid porous network structure of COFs (TFP-PaSO3H) and the synergistic effect of covalent bonds, it shows good electrochemical performance, including a high reversible capacity of 427.7 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles. This contribution shows a broad application prospect of COF anode in lithium-organic batteries.
Preparation of Indium Organic Frame Complex and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Yang Ping , Tang Chengjia
Published: September 2023

By varying the amounts of metal ions, ligands, and other reaction conditions, an organic complex with the central ion as indium metal was successfully synthesized through the solvothermal method and was characterized and analyzed. The fluorescence properties of the complexes were tested, which found that these compounds have good fluorescence properties. On this basis, we further applied the complex to fluorescence sensing and investigated its ion detection properties. It was found that the complex has high selectivity and sensitivity and can effectively detect Fe3+ ions.
Development of a verification device for axle (wheel) load scales based on the automatic loading
Authors: Chen Xuesong , Qiu Dongli , Liu Ying , Chen Zheng , Long Bo , Zhong Shoujun , Duan Jiwei
Published: September 2023

During the verification process of the special axle (wheel) load scales for motor vehicles test using the standard dynamometer method, it is necessary to first apply pressure vertically to the load receptor of the axle (wheel) load scales through the axis of the force sensor, which is a prerequisite for subsequent parameter verification work such as indication error. Aiming at the problem of low automation in the lifting and lowering work of force sensors using jacks, this paper introduces a verification device for axle (wheel) load scales based on the automatic loading function and proposes specific automatic loading methods and steps. According to the experimental data after implementation, the verification device has the advantages of high automation and high efficiency, which can replace the existing jack to achieve the lifting and lowering of the force sensor. With this verification device and its automatic loading method, the measurement of the axle (wheel) load scales can meet the requirements of JJG1014-2019 “Special Axle (Wheel) Load Scales for Motor Vehicle Test”.
In Situ Formation of Dense Polymers as Artificial Protective Layers for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Menghao
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the stability and safety of lithium (Li) metal anodes, an innovative artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film of Li Poly (tert-butyl acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (LiPTBEM) has been designed. This thin and uniformly artificial SEI is stable, which can suppress the continuous side reactions between the electrolyte and Li metal, improve the stability of modified Li metal anodes, and achieve better electrochemical performance. Symmetric batteries with LiPTBEM exhibit significantly improved cycling stability, indicating that LiPTBEM is a promising artificial SEI film.
Research on the wear performance of reactive plasma deposited TiB2-TiC0.3N0.7 matrix coating
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Fan Junyan , Mao Zhengping
Published: September 2023

Wear performance and behavior of as-sprayed TiB2-TiC0.3N0.7 matrix coating were investigated with different rotation speeds of counterpart and applied load. Analytical balance was used to weigh wear quantity. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe surface morphology, abrasion scratch, and wear debris was researched through an energy dispersive spectrum. It is found the mass loss of matrix coating increases with the loading load increment at a low rotation speed of the counterpart. And wear loss decreases first and then increases with the increment of loading load at the high rotary speed of the counterpart. The wear mechanism of abrasive wear, adhesion wear, oxidation wear, and fatigue wear appear during the test of composite coatings at different rotation speeds of the counterpart and applied load.
Status of the search for a muon EDM using the frozen-spin technique
Authors: Chakraborty Ritwika , Calzolaio Ciro , Doinaki Anastasia , Dutsov Chavdar , Giovannozzi Massimo , Hume Timothy , Michielsen Katia , Morvaj Ljiljana , Papa Angela , Sakurai Mikio , Schmidt-Wellenburg Philipp , Stäger David , Vitali Bastiano
Published: September 2023

Despite the many successes of the Standard Model of particle physics, there are still several physical observations that it cannot explain, such as the matter-antimatter asymmetry, non-zero neutrino masses, and the microscopic nature of dark matter. To address these limitations, extensions to the standard model are necessary, and searches for electric dipole moments (EDMs) of leptons are valuable test. The search for a muon EDM is the only search on a bare lepton of the second generation, complementing the searches for an EDM of the electron using polar molecules. A non-zero EDM of the muon would indicate Charge-Parity symmetry violation beyond the standard model. A dedicated experimental search for the muon EDM is being set up at PSI using the frozen-spin technique. In this technique, the anomalous spin precession of the muons in a storage ring is suppressed by applying an electric field in the radial direction. The muon EDM experiment will take place in two phases: the first phase will demonstrate the frozen-spin technique using a precursor experiment with 28 MeV/cmuons, while the second phase will make use of 125 MeV/cmuons, which could search for the muon EDM with a sensitivity of 6 × 10-23e·cm. In this talk, we describe the precursor experiment at PSI and provide an update on the status of the experiment.
Maximal reachable temperatures for Western Europe in current climate
Authors: Noyelle Robin , Zhang Yi , Yiou Pascal , Faranda Davide
Published: September 2023

Human bodies, ecosystems and infrastructures display a non-linear sensibility to extreme temperatures occurring during heatwave events. Preparing for such events entails to know how high surface air temperatures can go. Here we examine the maximal reachable temperatures in Western Europe. Taking the July 2019 record-breaking heatwave as a case study and employing a flow analogues methodology, we find that temperatures exceeding 50 ∘C cannot be ruled out in most urban areas, even under current climate conditions. We analyze changes in the upper bound of surface air temperatures between the past (1940–1980) and present (1981–2021) periods. Our results show that the significant increase in daily maximum temperatures in the present period is only partially explained by the increase of the upper bound. Our results suggest that most of the warming of daily maximum surface temperatures result from strengthened diabatic surface fluxes rather than free troposphere warming.
Simulating noise on a quantum processor: interactions between a qubit and resonant two-level system bath
Authors: Cho Yujin , Jasrasaria Dipti , Ray Keith G , Tennant Daniel M , Lordi Vincenzo , L DuBois Jonathan , Rosen Yaniv J
Published: September 2023

Material defects fundamentally limit the coherence times of superconducting qubits, and manufacturing completely defect-free devices is not yet possible. Therefore, understanding the interactions between defects and a qubit in a real quantum processor design is essential. We build a model that incorporates the standard tunneling model, the electric field distributions in the qubit, and open quantum system dynamics, and draws from the current understanding of two-level system (TLS) theory. Specifically, we start with one million TLSs distributed on the surface of a qubit and pick the 200 systems that are most strongly coupled to the qubit. We then perform a full Lindbladian simulation that explicitly includes the coherent coupling between the qubit and the TLS bath to model the time dependent density matrix of resonant TLS defects and the qubit. We find that the 200 most strongly coupled TLSs can accurately describe the qubit energy relaxation time. This work confirms that resonant TLSs located in areas where the electric field is strong can significantly affect the qubit relaxation time, even if they are located far from the Josephson junction (JJ). Similarly, a strongly-coupled resonant TLS located in the JJ does not guarantee a reduced qubit relaxation time if a more strongly coupled TLS is far from the JJ. In addition to the coupling strengths between TLSs and the qubit, the model predicts that the geometry of the device and the TLS relaxation time play a significant role in qubit dynamics. Our work can provide guidance for future quantum processor designs with improved qubit coherence times.
Artistic Bohemias
Authors: Weir David
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the relationship of bohemian culture to the development of both modern art and popular art. The artist Gustave Courbet carefully cultivated a bohemian identity as a form of self-promotion that helped ensure his success as an artist, blurring the boundaries between rebellious outsider and establishment insider. This cultural positioning, repeated by Pablo Picasso and many others, illustrates the importance of bohemian culture to the development of modern art. Similarly, bohemian experience proved critical to the emergence of certain forms of popular culture. The chapter concludes with a discussion of another example of boundary crossing in Montparnasse, as the distinction between bourgeois and bohemian begins to collapse.
Ancient Greek and Roman Science: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Taub Liba
Published: September 2023

Ancient Greek and Roman Science: A Very Short Introduction describes ancient scientific ideas and practices. It focuses on Greece and Rome between the 8th century bce and 6th century ce and is primarily concerned with science rather than technology, giving a brief, roughly chronological account of ancient scientific ideas and practices. Ancient Greek and Roman Science discusses the epic poets Homer and Hesiod and their ideas about nature and also highlights reflections of modern physicists on ancient science. This VSI looks at answers to questions about the physical world, human bodies and health, and mathematical problems in ancient Greece and Rome. It addresses how ancient Greeks are often regarded as having invented science as they explained natural phenomena without attributing them to supernatural causes.
The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review
Authors: Browning Brittney D , Kirkland Anna E , Green Rejoyce , Engevik Melinda , Alekseyenko Alexander V , Leggio Lorenzo , Tomko Rachel L , Squeglia Lindsay M
Published: September 2023

Aims

The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. The aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between the youth (post-natal day 21–65 for rodents, 2–7 years for non-human primates, and 10–25 years for humans) microbiome with other life stages and (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated with substance use.

Methods

Peer-reviewed studies published up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed and SCOPUS and included gut and oral microbiome studies from rodents, non-human primates, and humans (N = 1733). Twenty-six articles were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria (aim 1: n = 19, aim 2: n = 7).

Results

The adolescent and young adult oral and gut microbiomes are distinct compared to other life stages, within both non-human and human models. While there is limited research in this area, the microbiome appears to be vulnerable to substance use exposure earlier in life, including substances commonly initiated and escalated during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e. alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco).

Conclusions

Studies across the lifespan indicate that adolescence and young adulthood are distinct periods of development, where the microbiome is sensitive to exposures, including substance use. There is a need for more studies focused on the adolescent and young adult microbiome and substance use, as well as focused on the oral microbiome during this developmental period. Understanding the gut and oral microbiome during adolescence and young adulthood may provide insight into the pathophysiology of substance use disorders.
Shock or jump: deimatic behaviour is repeatable and polymorphic in the Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Bombina pachypus
Authors: Chiocchio Andrea , Martino Giuseppe , Bisconti Roberta , Carere Claudio , Canestrelli Daniele
Published: September 2023

Inter-individual variation in antipredatory behaviour has long attracted curiosity among scientists. Deimatism is a complex, multi-component antipredatory strategy consisting of prey suddenly unleashing unexpected defences to startle predators and stop their attack. Deimatic species provide an appealing system to investigate the trade-offs between alternative behavioural phenotypes when faced with a threat. Yet, inter-individual variation in deimatic behaviour is almost unexplored. Here, we simulated a predator attack on 71 yellow-bellied toads, Bombina pachypus, to investigate the extent and pattern of inter-individual variation in the unken reflex behaviour, a deimatic display performed by some amphibians. Results show that deimatic displays consistently differ among B. pachypus individuals. Only about half of the individuals reacted to the simulated predation stimuli by exhibiting the display, which varied in responsiveness, duration and intensity. All the behavioural descriptors were highly repeatable. Finally, we found significant correlations between the measured parameters, defining two prevalent behavioural profiles: individuals quickly doing the unken reflex, with high intensity and long duration of the display, and individuals avoiding the unken reflex but instead escaping. This dichotomy resembles the proactive and reactive patterns in coping styles, and raises intriguing questions on the evolutionary processes shaping multiple adaptive responses to predation within populations.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 is critical for human placental extravillous trophoblast invasion
Authors: Yokouchi-Konishi Tae , Liu Yongjie , Feng Liping
Published: September 2023

Proper extravillous trophoblast invasion is essential for normal placentation and pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cytotrophoblasts differentiate into extravillous trophoblast are unclear. We discovered that in the first-trimester placenta, progesterone receptor membrane component 2 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast but significantly lower in extravillous trophoblast and cytotrophoblasts, indicating a divergent role for progesterone receptor membrane component 2 in trophoblast functions. We aim to examine the role of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 in extravillous trophoblasts invasion mediated by both intracellular and extracellular signals. Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 knockdown and overexpression cells were established in HTR8/SVneo cells, a first-trimester extravillous trophoblast-derived cell model, by transfection with small-interfering RNA or progesterone receptor membrane component 2 plasmids, respectively. Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 knockdown led to cellular morphological changes , enhanced trophoblast proliferation,invasion, and promoted tube formation. These effects were mediated by the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A. The culture supernatant collected from progesterone receptor membrane component 2 knockdown cells did not significantly affect extravillous trophoblast invasion compared to the controls, indicating that extracellular signaling did not robustly regulate extravillous trophoblast invasion in this study. In conclusion, attenuation of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 plays a role in placentation by promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in extravillous trophoblasts via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha signaling. We thus identified a new function of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 and provide insights on understanding the mechanisms of trophoblast invasion.
An Intersectional Analysis of Technology-Facilitated Abuse: Prevalence, Experiences and Impacts of Victimization
Authors: Flynn Asher , Powell Anastasia , Hindes Sophie
Published: September 2023

Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) is a growing problem. This article explores lifetime victimization experiences of TFA, presenting findings from the first study to establish a reliable national prevalence estimate for victimization in Australia, using a general adult population sample (n = 4,562) and 20 qualitative interviews with adults who have experienced TFA. Key findings include an overall high lifetime victimization prevalence (one in two Australians), high negative emotional impacts and severe mental distress among some marginalized groups. Our findings lend support for the utility of marginalization and intersectional theories in understanding the prevalence and negative impacts of TFA and address gaps in knowledge of how TFA victimization may differentially impact marginalized groups within an adult population. We argue that TFA research, policy and practice must be more attentive to intersecting and marginalized identities including and beyond gender.
Increased expression of SCARF genes favoring SARS-CoV-2 infection in key target organs in CKD
Authors: Carriazo Sol , Ribagorda Marta , Pintor-Chocano Aranzazu , Perez-Gomez Maria Vanessa , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez-Niño Maria Dolores
Published: September 2023

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially diabetic CKD, is the condition that most increases the risk of lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs) regulate coronavirus cell entry and/or replication. We hypothesized that CKD may alter the expression of SCARF genes.

Methods

A literature search identified 34 SCARF genes of which we selected 21 involved in interactions between SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 and host cells, and assessed their mRNA expression in target tissues of COVID-19 (kidneys, lungs, aorta and heart) in mice with adenine-induced CKD.

Results

Twenty genes were differentially expressed in at least one organ in mice with CKD. For 15 genes, the differential expression would be expected to favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severity. Of these 15 genes, 13 were differentially expressed in the kidney and 8 were validated in human CKD kidney transcriptomics datasets, including those for the most common cause of CKD, diabetic nephropathy. Two genes reported to protect from SARS-CoV-2 were downregulated in at least two non-kidney target organs: Ifitm3 encoding interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in lung and Ly6e encoding lymphocyte antigen 6 family member 6 (LY6E) in aorta.

Conclusion

CKD, including diabetic CKD, is associated with the differential expression of multiple SCARF genes in target organs of COVID-19, some of which may sensitize to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This information may facilitate developing therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing COVID-19 severity in patients with CKD.
Royal Companies, Risk Management and Sovereignty in Old Regime France
Authors: Wade Lewis
Published: September 2023

Shortly after William of Orange arrived in Devon at the outset of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, Dutch troops stationed in Dartmouth seized the Amitié, a ship laden with marble purchased for the French court at Versailles. This seizure precipitated an extraordinary insurance dispute in Paris between two little-known royal companies: the Royal Insurance Company and the Royal Marble Company. This article analyses the fractious dispute and the companies at its heart. In so doing, it reflects on the dispute as a product of the French state’s broader exploitation of companies as tools of risk management: the state leveraged private capital in order to spread the risks of its virulently anti-Dutch commercial policy. Yet the dispute also exposed the ambiguities of war and peace in seventeenth-century thought and practice. In justifying their refusal to pay out on the insurance policy they had signed on the Amitié, the Royal Insurance Company’s directors suggested that an insurer could decide unilaterally that France was in a state of war, thereby triggering a contractual clause that would shift the onus back onto the policyholder. Although Louis XIV himself stepped in to defuse the dispute at its most contentious moment, the state proved unable to respond to the challenge posed to its sovereignty, with significant consequences for the French insurance industry and maritime commerce up to the end of the Old Regime.
Using machine learning to predict bleeding after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hui Victor , Litton Edward , Edibam Cyrus , Geldenhuys Agneta , Hahn Rebecca , Larbalestier Robert , Wright Brian , Pavey Warren
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES

The primary objective was to predict bleeding after cardiac surgery with machine learning using the data from the Australia New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons Cardiac Surgery Database, cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion database, intensive care unit database and laboratory results.

METHODS

We obtained surgical, perfusion, intensive care unit and laboratory data from a single Australian tertiary cardiac surgical hospital from February 2015 to March 2022 and included 2000 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We trained our models to predict either the Papworth definition or Dyke et al.’s universal definition of perioperative bleeding. Our primary outcome was the performance of our machine learning algorithms using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and area under precision–recall curve (AUPRC).

RESULTS

Of the 2000 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 13.3% (226/2000) had bleeding using the Papworth definition and 17.2% (343/2000) had moderate to massive bleeding using Dyke et al.’s definition. The best-performing model based on AUPRC was the Ensemble Voting Classifier model for both Papworth (AUPRC 0.310, AUROC 0.738) and Dyke definitions of bleeding (AUPRC 0.452, AUROC 0.797).

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning can incorporate routinely collected data from various datasets to predict bleeding after cardiac surgery.
Worldwide trends in mortality for hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2019 with projection to 2034: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Lu Wen-long , Yuan Jian-hui , Liu Ze-ye , Su Zhan-Hao , Shen Yu-Chun , Li Shou-jun , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2023

Aims

This study aims to analyse the worldwide trends in hypertensive heart disease (HHD) mortality and associations with age, period, and birth cohort and predict the future burden of HHD deaths.

Methods and results

Mortality estimates were obtained from Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We used age–period–cohort (APC) model to examine the age, period, and cohort effects on HHD mortality between 1990 and 2019. Bayesian APC model was utilized to predict HHD deaths to 2034. The global HHD deaths were 1.16 million in 2019 and were projected to increase to 1.57 million in 2034, with the largest increment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Between 1990 and 2019, middle/high-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) countries had the largest mortality reductions (annual percentage change = −2.06%), whereas low SDI countries saw a lagging performance (annual percentage change = −1.09%). There was a prominent transition in the age distribution of deaths towards old-age population in middle/high-middle SDI countries, while the proportion of premature deaths (aged under 60 years) remained at 24% in low SDI countries in 2019. Amongst LMICs, Brazil, China, and Ethiopia showed typically improving trends both over time and in recent birth cohorts, whereas 63 countries including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Pakistan had unfavourable or worsening risks for recent periods and birth cohorts.

Conclusion

The HHD death burden in 2019 is vast and is expected to increase rapidly in the next decade, particularly for LMICs. Limited progress in HHD management together with high premature mortality would exact huge human and medical costs in low SDI countries. The examples from Brazil, China, and Ethiopia suggest that efficient health systems with action on improving hypertension care can reduce HHD mortality effectively in LMICs.
Leg-focused high-weight resistance training improves ventricular stroke volume, exercise capacity and strength in young patients with a Fontan circulation
Authors: Scheffers Linda E , Helbing Willem A , Pereira Thomas , Utens Elisabeth M W J , Dulfer Karolijn , Hirsch Alexander , Koopman Laurens P , van den Berg Linda E
Published: September 2023

Aims

Effective therapy to improve exercise capacity in Fontan patients is lacking. Leg-focused high-weight resistance training might augment the peripheral muscle pump and thereby improve exercise capacity.

Methods and results

This randomized semi-cross-over controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12-week leg-focused high-weight resistance training plus high-protein diet, on (sub)maximal exercise capacity, cardiac function (assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance), muscle strength, and quality of life in paediatric Fontan patients. Twenty-eight paediatric Fontan patients were included, 27 patients, (median age 12.9 [10.5–15.7]), and successfully completed the programme. Peak oxygen uptake (PeakVO2) at baseline was reduced [33.3 mL/kg/min (27.1–37.4), 73% (62–79) of predicted]. After training PeakVO2/kg and Peak workload improved significantly with +6.2 mL/kg/min (95%CI: 3.4–9.0) (+18%) P < 0.001 and +22 Watts (95%CI: 12–32) (+18%) P < 0.001, respectively, compared to the control period. Indexed single ventricle stroke volume increased significantly [43 mL/beat/m2 (40–49) vs. 46 (41–53), P = 0.014], as did inferior vena cava flow [21 mL/beat/m2 (18–24) vs. 23 (20–28), P = 0.015], while superior vena cava flow remained unchanged. The strength of all measured leg-muscles increased significantly compared to the control period. Self-reported quality of life improved on the physical functioning and change in health domains of the child health questionnaire, parent-reported quality of life improved the bodily pain, general health perception, and change in health domains compared to the control period.

Conclusion

In a relatively large group of 27 older Fontan children, 12-weeks of leg-focused high-weight resistance training improved exercise capacity, stroke volume, (sub)maximal exercise capacity, muscle strength, and domains of quality of life.

Registration

International Clinical Trials: Trial NL8181.
E-health literacy and associated factors among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: age-group differences
Authors: Park So-Young , Chung Soondool
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the mean scores of e-health literacy, health information, social relationships, and psychological status between younger, middle-aged, and older Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the factors associated with e-health literacy as well as the moderating effect of age on the association between health information factors and e-health literacy. We used a cross-sectional survey of 2400 Korean adults aged 20 years or older residing in Seoul. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square test, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings demonstrated an age-group difference in the mean score of e-health literacy with the older group having lower e-health literacy than the other groups. Health information, social support, and COVID-19-related anxiety were associated with e-health literacy and a moderating effect of age on the association between sources of health information and e-health literacy was also identified among the three age subgroups. This study emphasizes the importance of identifying e-health-related risk factors leading to health disparities between age groups.
The Lived Experience of Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Counselman-Carpenter Elisabeth , Williams Joyce
Published: September 2023

This article seeks to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women currently undergoing treatment for breast cancer. As part of a mixed-methods study of 69 women who have or currently live with breast cancer, 27 participants opted into a Phase II semistructured interview to further discuss their experiences of emotional coping during the treatment process, beliefs about therapy, and the impact of COVID-19 on their emotional experience during treatment. Thematic narrative analysis was used to identify common themes. Participants shared about the unique stressors and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during their treatment and how it complicated the already emotional experience of coping with cancer. Five identified themes include (1) logistical impact of COVID-19 and its effects on accessing medical care, (2) concerns related to accessing emotional support, (3) emotional reactions to battling breast cancer while living through a global pandemic, (4) ways in which loss was experienced, and (5) benefits to technology-based psychoeducation and social supports that were identified during the pandemic. COVID-19 had a significant impact on those currently in treatment for breast cancer including increasing fear, decreasing social support, and increased logistical challenges. Changes to psychotherapeutic treatment protocols to include technologically enhanced psychological support during treatment and digitally based psychoeducation curriculum are warranted.
Digital tools as experts in international peace and security
Authors: Lobato Luisa Cruz , Santos Victoria
Published: September 2023

Over the past decades, knowledge about peace and security has become increasingly mediated and co-produced with and through digital objects such as databases, indicators, apps, big data and data analysis algorithms. Only recently has the literature begun to recognize this. This article addresses the gap in the literature by exploring the centrality of digital objects' design in their emergence as experts in relation to international peace and security practices. By centering the politics of design, we contribute to broader debates on the effects of technology for who/what is considered an expert in contemporary international policy. Through a material-semiotic analysis of the UN SanctionsApp and the Security Assistance Monitor database, and semi-structured interviews with creators and users, we show how the normative goal of inclusion is inscribed into digital artifacts and translated into use. These cases were selected based on their inclusion of relevant state and nonstate actors into policy decisions, and our findings suggest that usage and material infrastructures play an important role in how this purpose is advanced. We shed light onto how digital expert objects produce actionable knowledge via the web of relations implicated in their production and highlight the importance of practitioners' participation in the making of such objects.
Psychiatric Diagnoses, Medication, and Service Use Among Patients Who Receive Emergency Care for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: He Jimmy Z , Hirschtritt Matthew E , Wei Julia , Ramalingam Nirmala D , Kahane Shellie M , Velayos Fernando S , Hassid Benjamin G
Published: September 2023

Lay Summary

This study examined relative psychiatric burden among patients who presented to the emergency department once or more than once for inflammatory bowel disease visits. Results highlight the need for integration of psychiatric and gastrointestinal care among high-risk inflammatory bowel disease patients.
The effect of quota portfolio composition on optimal harvest strategy and profitability in a multi-species fishery
Authors: Alizadeh Ashrafi Tannaz , Hermansen Øystein , Kvamsdal Sturla F
Published: September 2023

The benefits of individual vessel quota (IVQ) management in terms of improved harvest strategy and profitability are well recognized, but there is less focus on how different components of a quota portfolio can influence decisions underlying the effort allocation and profit-maximizing behaviour of fishers. Variations in the components of the quota portfolio may create economic incentives that alter the optimal harvest strategy and profitability. Thus, we study the potential impact of different components of quota portfolio on the intra-annual harvest strategy and profitability in two segments of the Norwegian bottom trawl fleet. By developing a vessel-based spatio-temporal bioeconomic framework, we demonstrate and compare adopted harvest strategies and accrued profits for small and large trawl vessels under three scenarios regarding restrictive quotas in codfish fishery. Our analysis confirms that alternations in the components of the quota portfolio influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of the fishing effort for small and large trawl vessels in different ways, probably due to the differences in vessel-specific characteristics. We also demonstrate that the differences in profit between small and large vessels in part depend on the overall size of the quota portfolio. The economies of scale in the trawl industry are being eroded as the shares of higher-priced species in the quota portfolio decreases. The benefits of economies of scale cannot be reaped as trawlers respond to the reduction in profit by redirecting effort from offshore areas of the Arctic to nearshore waters or staying ashore. Likewise, having small quotas of high-priced species reduces the effectiveness of the IVQ system in meeting management objectives, and could in some cases undermine sustainability outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that both the intensity with which fishers react to the fluctuations in market price levels and fishers’ perceptions of location attractiveness are influenced by the components of the quota portfolio.
Community health workers to reduce unmet surgical needs in an urban slum in India: an implementation study
Authors: Vora Kranti , Salvi Falguni , Saiyed Shahin , Desai Chinmayi , Joshi Rajendra , Buch Keyur , Mavalankar Dileep , Jindal Rahul M
Published: September 2023

Background

The Surgical Accredited & Trained Healthcare Initiative (SATHI) project demonstrates how community healthcare workers (CHWs) with merely 8 y of formal schooling and training for a short period can reduce unmet surgical needs.

Methods

A pilot study was carried out in the slums of a metropolitan city in India to know the effectiveness of a SATHI in reducing the burden of unmet surgical needs. In total, 12 730 people from 3000 households were included in the study for a duration of 6 months.

Results

We found 10% surgical needs (n=293) out of which 57% had unmet surgical needs. Out of total surgical needs, about half of the needs were cataract and abdominal, followed by extremities and chest conditions. SATHIs were able to convert 99 patients (60%) from unmet to met needs, who underwent surgery/treatment. The conversion from unmet to met among all surgery needs was highest for abdominal conditions (29%) followed by cataracts (17%).

Conclusions

SATHIs with short training can reduce the burden of unmet surgical needs. SATHIs were able to convert a significant proportion of unmet to met needs by trust building, facilitating access to healthcare and ensuring post-operative adherence. Scaling up could help in the achievement of equitable healthcare across India.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Pedestrian Interventions to Teach Children How to Cross Streets Safely
Authors: Morgan Casie H , Stager Lindsay M , Schwebel David C , Shen Jiabin
Published: September 2023

Objective

Over 7,000 American children die from pedestrian injuries annually, and pedestrian injury ranks among the top 5 causes of unintentional child death. Prevention efforts are multifaceted. One strategy, use of virtual reality (VR) to teach children to cross streets, is of growing interest to public health practitioners. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the efficacy of using VR to teach children pedestrian safety.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, searches among 7 databases were completed, followed by abstract/full-text screening and data extraction. Hedge’s g was computed for the effect sizes of 3 outcomes: pedestrian knowledge, pedestrian-relevant cognition (attention to traffic, time to contact, start delay), and pedestrian behaviors (safe crossings, unsafe crossings). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane guidelines. Meta-regression analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted including 3 moderators: age, sex, and immersion level.

Results

A total of 20 studies, reported in 24 articles, were included in the qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis of the 12 studies with sufficient quantitative data available showed a statistically significant medium effect of VR safety interventions on child pedestrian knowledge and behavior. Mixed results emerged for the effect of VR safety interventions on children’s pedestrian-relevant cognition. Age and sex moderated the effect of VR training on pedestrian knowledge.

Conclusions

This synthesis of the literature on pediatric VR pedestrian safety interventions suggests an overall beneficial impact of VR interventions to teach children how to cross streets safely. Efforts should continue to develop and disseminate effective VR interventions.

Registration ID

CRD42022309352
Sayed’s Journey to Encampment: Examining Sites and Scenes of Economic Migrant Displacement in Mandate Palestine
Authors: Banko Lauren
Published: September 2023

Using the framework of microhistory, the following article explores the notion of ‘encampment’ in relation to economically displaced labourers who crossed into Palestine in the 1930s and 1940s. It considers what a new reading of ‘encampment’ might offer to the historical and inter-disciplinary studies of refugeehood, migration, borders, and forced displacement. The article traces the story of one such labourer, displaced from Egypt to the port city of Haifa. Using this man’s archival record, the article analyses how historians might depict other such men and women as ‘encamped’ by the nature of their economic displacement and their inability to return to the places from which they came. These migrants often fell into the categorization of ‘forcibly displaced’ twice: they were forced by economic circumstances to migrate, and many were subsequently deported from Palestine because they had no authorization to have entered the country.
Total Force Fitness Summit 2021: Maximizing the Health and Well-being of Service Members and Their Families
Authors: Givens Melissa , O’Connor Francis G , Deuster Patricia A
Published: September 2023

Total Force Fitness (TFF) is a multidomain, holistic framework that provides the Department of Defense (DoD) with the capability to assess, promote, and sustain human performance optimization across the full spectrum of components key to meeting mission requirements. On September 14 and 15, 2021, in Bethesda, MD, The Consortium for Health and Military Performance convened a second TFF Summit with the goal of promoting the mission of optimizing the health and well-being of our service members across their careers. Participants included scientists, clinicians, educators, public health professionals, and military leaders from all the services. The current operating picture of TFF within the DoD was described, and then working groups were convened to address issues related to (1) delivering full spectrum health and performance services; (2) advocacy, awareness, and empowerment; (3) research; (4) education; and (5) standardization, branding, and metrics. The outcomes of the summit included recommendations that operational leadership and a consolidated and joint approach are required for TFF to be successful, and TFF must be regarded as an integral part of the National Defense, Security, and Military Strategy. To that end, TFF should be aligned within OUSD(P&R), not the Military Health System, so it extends beyond the medical setting and fully supports mission readiness and performance. Importantly, we must be proactive and teach new recruits about the TFF holistic approach to sustain optimal performance across their careers.