bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the contact problem of a moving rigid cylindrical punch sliding over an orthotropic layer bonded to an isotropic half plane
Authors: Çömez I , Güler MA
Published: June 2020

In this study, the frictional moving contact problem for an orthotropic layer bonded to an isotropic half plane under the action of a sliding rigid cylindrical punch is considered. Boundary conditions of the problem include the normal and tangential forces applied to the layer with a cylindrical punch moving on the surface of the layer in the lateral direction at a constant velocity V. It is assumed that the contact area is subjected to the sliding condition where Coulomb’âŁ™s law is used to relate the tangential traction to the normal traction. Using the Fourier integral transform technique and Galilean transformation, the plane contact problem is reduced to a singular integral equation in which the unknowns are the contact stress and the contact width. The singular integral equation is solved numerically using Gauss–Jacobi integration formulae. Numerical results for the contact widths and the contact stresses are given as a solution.
Lower bound limit and shakedown analysis of orthotropic material
Authors: Qin Fang , Zhang Lele , Chen Geng , Broeckmann Christoph
Published: June 2020

We present in this study a new approach for predicting the plastic and shakedown limits of structures composed of orthotropic materials. In this approach, the Hill yield criterion is introduced to Melan’s theorem. By formulating the problem by means of the finite element method and solving the resulting large-scale nonlinear optimization problem we successfully predict the plastic and shakedown limits of structures having complex geometries made from multi-orthotropic materials. Several numerical examples are elaborated in this study for evaluating the accuracy, general applicability, as well as the efficiency of the established numerical scheme. Overall, the study confirms that the direct method can be extended and adopted as a viable means for design and analysis of structures made of orthotropic materials.
Examining the Institutional and Organizational Antecedents to Organizational Participation in Environmental Management
Authors: Aronson Olivia , LaFont Matthew
Published: June 2020

Research into the institutional antecedents of organizational engagement in environmental management (EM) has revealed that organizations respond heterogeneously to homogenous institutional pressures. In this article, we employ complementary institutional and entrepreneurial perspectives to build upon research that examines how organizational characteristics may influence the institutional pressure to EM relationship. Specifically, we examine the moderating effect of an organizational entrepreneurial orientation (EO) upon the organizational visibility to EM relationship. Results from a sample of 252 public firms over a 10-year period confirm that organizational visibility significantly increases the rate of organizational participation in EM. Additionally, support is found for a positive aggregate EO moderation effect and significant accelerating moderating effects of three EO dimensions: autonomy, competitive aggressiveness, and innovativeness.
Response and Side Effects Using Stimulant Medication in Older Adults With ADHD: An Observational Archive Study
Authors: Michielsen Marieke , Kleef Didi , Bijlenga Denise , Zwennes Cinderella , Dijkhuizen Kim , Smulders Jan , Hazewinkel Andreia , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Kooij J. J. Sandra
Published: June 2020

Objective: To examine the naturalistic response to and cardiovascular side effects of stimulant medication in older adults with ADHD. Methods: Electronic Health Record (EHR) data of adult patients with ADHD (≥55 years) at the specialized PsyQ outpatient clinic for adult ADHD ( n = 113, 55-79 years) were collected. Response, cardiovascular status, side effects, and provided medical care before and after the first ADHD medication dose have been recorded. Results: A total of 65% of the patients reported positive response to the medication, and 42% of the patients quit their medication due to side effects or nonresponse. There was a small but significant decrease in weight and increase in heart rate before and after methylphenidate use. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the use of stimulants may be a relatively safe and effective treatment for older adults with ADHD, under the condition that the cardiovascular parameters are monitored before and during pharmacological treatment. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm these findings.
Medication Decision Making Among African American Caregivers of Children With ADHD: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Glasofer Amy , Dingley Catherine , Reyes Andrew Thomas
Published: June 2020

Background: Significant pharmacotherapy disparities exist among children from ethnic minorities with ADHD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to synthesize existing evidence on African American caregiver medication decision making (MDM) for children with ADHD. Method: Databases queried for this review included the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Information regarding the unique culturally specific barriers and supports to MDM were examined through the relevant literature search. Results: Fourteen articles were included in this review (seven observational studies, four qualitative studies, three mixed methods studies). Three main themes were identified which include (a) fundamental perspectives of ADHD, and cultural norms for child behavior; (b) the impact of fundamental perspectives on MDM in ADHD; and (c) ADHD diagnosis and treatment as forms of social control. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations for clinicians are provided, along with direction for future research.
Young Adult Identification and Perception of Hashtag-Based Vaping Claims on Instagram
Authors: Laestadius Linnea I. , Penndorf Kendall , Seidl Melissa , Pokhrel Pallav , Patrick Ryan , Cho Young Ik
Published: June 2020

Social media platforms are home to large volumes of ambiguous hashtag-based claims about the health, modified-risk, and cessation benefits of electronic cigarette products (e.g., #Vapingsavedmylife). The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore how young adults interpret these hashtags on the popular platform Instagram. Specifically, we sought to identify if they view these hashtags as making health-related claims, and if they find these claims to be credible and valid. We conducted 12 focus groups in 2018 with non–tobacco users, smokers, dual users, and vapers between the ages of 18 and 24 ( n = 69). Using real Instagram posts to guide discussion, participants reflected on the meaning of potentially claims-making hashtags. Participants interpreted the majority of the hashtags as making health-related claims. However, many participants felt that the claims were too exaggerated to be entirely valid. Some participants, including dual users and vapers, argued that smoking and vaping were largely equivalent. Smokers were particularly skeptical of claims. Findings suggest that the U. S. Food and Drug Administration should consider hashtag-based claims in their regulatory efforts. However, further research is needed on how to pragmatically address claims taking the form of hashtags given legal and practical constraints.
Culturally Focused Classroom Staff Training to Increase Praise for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ghana
Authors: Knochel Ashley Elizabeth , Blair Kwang-Sun Cho , Sofarelli Rachel
Published: June 2020

This study examined the impact of culturally focused classroom staff training on delivery of praise and its collateral effects on student on-task behavior. Training involved self-monitoring and performance feedback to promote staff delivery of culturally adapted praise to students. Four classroom staff and four students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Ghana participated in the study. The outcomes of the study were evaluated using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants (dyads) design with an ABC sequence. Results indicated that staff training using self-monitoring and performance feedback procedures successfully increased staff delivery of behavior-specific praise, but the procedures did not produce desired student outcomes. Culturally relevant adaptations to the topography of praise and implementation support were necessary to improve on-task behavior. This experiment provides an impetus for further examination of how common behavior-analytic training procedures can be culturally adapted for children with ASD in non-Western contexts.
A Multidimensional and Multilevel Examination of Student Engagement and Secondary School Teachers’ Use of Classroom Management Practices
Authors: Larson Kristine E. , Pas Elise T. , Bottiani Jessika H. , Kush Joseph M. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: June 2020

Student engagement is a multidimensional construct influenced by complex student, classroom, and school factors. Although prior research has examined various dimensions of student engagement, few studies have adopted a multilevel approach to simultaneously incorporate observational measures of classroom practices with student and school factors. The current study examined the association between student self-reported affective and behavioral engagement ( n = 26,849 students) and observed instructional and behavioral classroom management practices within 401 classrooms in 54 high schools. We employed three-level hierarchical linear modeling and included student, classroom, and school variables. Results indicated that observed teacher use of positive behavior supports was positively and significantly associated with student reports of active engagement in the same classroom. Implications for improving teachers’ classroom management practices to promote student engagement are considered.
Impression cytology for detection of clinically suspected ocular surface disorders: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Moshtaghion Seyed Mohamadmehdi , Abolhosseini Mohammad , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Hosseini Seyed Bagher , Rezaei Kanavi Mahnoush
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Investigating impression cytology (IC) results of various types of clinically suspected ocular surface lesions over a 14-year period in a referral center in Iran.

Methods:

IC findings obtained from patients with different types of ocular surface disorders between 2005 and 2018 were reviewed. Agreement between clinical suspicions and IC results was evaluated by calculating Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (CKC).

Results:

Clinical suspicions in 688 surveyed eyes were ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN, 42.0%), limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD, 36.3%), dry eye-related disorders (DERD, 11.5%), Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK, 7.2%), benign pigmented lesions (BPL, 1.9%), immune-related conjunctivitis (IRC, 0.7%), and malignant pigmented lesions (MPL, 0.4%). General agreement between clinical suspicions and IC results was 0.68 for all groups. This agreement was almost perfect in AK (CKC = 0.966) and BPLs (CKC = 0.843), and was substantial in MPLs (CKC = 0.749), OSSNs (CKC = 0.684), and LSCD (CKC = 0.612). CKC in IRC (0.567) and DERDs (0.443) was moderate. Histopathologic results were available in 22 eyes and were well-correlated with corresponding IC results (CKC = 0.86). Multiple post-treatment follow-up sessions of IC were performed in 51 eyes (11.4%) that had diagnosis of LSCD (31), OSSN (17), and MPL (3) at the first IC session.

Conclusion:

Our survey not only demonstrated an overall substantial agreement between IC results and primary clinical suspicions, but also showed an almost perfect correlation between IC results and existent histopathologic data. Therefore, IC as a non-invasive diagnostic modality can be of great importance in proper diagnosis of various ocular surface diseases especially when distinguishing malignant from benign lesions is required.
Midfoot Arthritis in Children: Is There Any Relation With Malignancy?
Authors: Shiari Reza , Salar Nargess , Parvneh Vadood Javadi , Rahmani Khosro , Yeganeh Mehrnoush Hassas , Shiari Sara
Published: June 2020

Background:

Musculoskeletal symptoms are a presenting manifestation in a number of lymphoproliferative disorders including leukemia, especially in children. Among these primary symptoms, midfoot arthritis seems to be an important alarm for malignancy in children. The aim of this study is evaluation association of midfoot arthritis with malignancy in children.

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, all medical records of patients with arthritis were identified and reviewed. All clinical and laboratory data were recorded in the information form and data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software.

Results:

A total of 557 cases of arthritis were evaluated, of which 18 (3.2%) cases have primary symptoms of midfoot arthritis. Four of 18 patients (22.2%) had B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, that midfoot arthritis was their first manifestation. Also, their laboratory findings confirmed that platelet, lactic acid dehydrogenesis, and uric acid values were significantly higher in these children. Based on statistical evaluation, there was no significant difference between age and sex in these patients.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that “midfoot arthritis” may be the first manifestation of leukemia in children even with a near-normal hematologic values.
Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformations in Hemodialysis Children by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Elshamaa Manal F , Mostafa Fatma A , Sad Inas AES , Badr Ahmed M , Abd Elrahim Yomna AEM
Published: June 2020

Background:

Cardiac systolic dysfunction was potentially found in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%). In children with ESRD, little data are available on early changes in myocardial function. This study aimed to detect the early changes in myocardial mechanics in pediatric patients with ESRD using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).

Methods:

Thirty ESRD children receiving hemodialysis (HD) and30 age-matched controls were prospectively studied. Patients underwent echocardiographic studies before and after HD. Left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS), and radial strain (RS) myocardial deformation parameters (strain, strain rate) were evaluated by STE.

Results:

The LS was significantly reduced in pre-HD and post-HD patients compared with controls ( P = .000). Controls showed the highest global longitudinal strain. The RS measurements did not differ significantly among the studied groups except for the inferior segment that is significantly reduced after HD compared with controls ( P < .05). The CS was significantly reduced in pre-HD and post-HD patients compared with controls at the lateral and posterior segments ( P = .035 and P = .013, respectively).

Conclusion:

Speckle-tracking echocardiography might detect early changes in myocardial mechanics in children with ESRD with preserved EF%.
Long-Term Single Center Experience in Treating Plaque Psoriasis With Guselkumab
Authors: Maliyar Khalad , O’Toole Ashley , Gooderham Melinda J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Clinical trial data have shown guselkumab, an interleukin-23 inhibitor, to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of psoriasis. However, there is very little real-world experience using guselkumab in the community setting that has been documented.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to determine real-life outcomes of guselkumab use in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in a community dermatology practice.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was conducted in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who were prescribed guselkumab at a community dermatology office in Ontario, Canada.

Results

Of the 89 patients who received at least 1 dose of guselkumab, 79 had follow-up information at the time of review, with 71 patients receiving ongoing treatment. In our cohort of patients, 73.3% achieved clinically significant clearance of psoriasis with a global assessment of clear or almost clear defined as a body surface area involvement of <1%. Guselkumab was generally well tolerated and caused no serious adverse events. The most common reported side effects were nasopharyngitis, headaches, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal upset, and arthralgia.

Conclusion

Overall, guselkumab was a safe and well-tolerated treatment with significant clinical improvement in our patient population.
The sound diffusion in Italian Opera Houses: Some examples
Authors: Tronchin Lamberto , Merli Francesca , Manfren Massimiliano , Nastasi Benedetto
Published: June 2020

Soundfield diffuseness in rooms is considered a fundamental aspect of a high-quality room acoustics. Since early studies by Hodgson up to more recent studies of Shtrepi and Embrechts, it was shown that high levels of sound diffuseness could guarantee blending of music, as well as spatial sound perception by listeners, and this could enhance the global indoor acoustic quality. Conversely, Italian-style Opera houses represent an important architectural place, in which the special features of the rich decorations, and the specific characteristics of the volume, give a unique atmosphere, including a peculiar psycho-acoustics impression. However, some geometric properties of the opera houses could influence the global acoustic perception. The shape of the marmorino wall on the stalls, as well as the parallelism of the lateral walls in the boxes, often causes a lack of spaciousness and sometimes in the worst cases provokes focalization. This phenomenon leads to design special devices that could be inserted in the theatres, to avoid focalization, even if they are rarely accepted. This article deals with the design of some acoustic diffusing panels and their functioning in three different theatres, combining both acoustics needs with architectural constraints. The article starts analysing and commenting on the issues that resulted from the measurements conducted in an Italian opera house. In the following step, three examples of the design of diffusing panels are proposed. Finally, the results of diffusion and scattering coefficient of panels realized in the last theatre considered here are reported.
Constructing a sense of home: Older Chinese migrants ageing in a foreign land
Authors: Liu Shuang , Liu Yan , Wang Siqin
Published: June 2020

This article explores the meaning of home to older Chinese migrants and what they do to construct a sense of home as they live and age in Australia. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 older Chinese migrants (80 per cent aged 60+), who were born in mainland China and Hong Kong. Unlike the traditional interview method, we asked each participant to provide two photographs, which signified the concept of home to them and used these as visual elicitations for interviews. The findings from an inductive thematic analysis of the data show that the location of their adult children, home gardens, and cultural objects play a significant role in giving the participants a feeling of home in Australia. The study highlights that ageing in a foreign land involves older migrants’ continuous (re)integration of people and places in both the old country of origin and the new country of resettlement.
Aesthetics, verisimilitude and user engagement: reporting findings through fictional accounts in qualitative inquiry
Authors: Gibson Will
Published: June 2020

This article explores the use of fiction as a mode of representing data in social research. I show that three of the key drivers for fictionalising research accounts relate to the ambitions of aesthetic engagement, verisimilitude and user engagement. I look at the different ways that authors have attempted to achieve these ambitions and the methodological tensions that arise from them. I show that contemporary evaluative criteria in qualitative inquiry helps us to understand that fictional reporting is an important tool for researchers in creating more affective writing. However, there are divergences in how researchers conceive of and use fictional accounts, which highlight the importance of continued debate about the methodological practices of its use. In order to contribute to these debates I point to three areas that need particular consideration for researchers working in this area: (1) the structures of academic publishing and their embodiment in university audit regimes; (2) the absence of engagement with alternative forms of writing in academic professional development and training; and (3) the substantial ethical dilemmas in the use of fictional accounts.
Fans and Match Results: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Brazil
Authors: Belchior Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

This paper assesses the effect of the crowd size on home team advantage, using a natural experiment occurred in Brazilian football. In 2015, the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) quasi-randomly assigned games to be played under an alternative schedule on Sundays at 11 a.m. This measure significantly increased attendance in assigned games. Using this alternative schedule as an instrumental variable, we show that the exogenous increase in attendance did not increase home team advantage.
The Value of Using a Dedicated Vascular Lab in Managing and Treating Diabetic Critical Limb Ischemia Patients
Authors: Poppe Evan , Trogden Richard , Wormely Leslie
Published: June 2020

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a debilitating end stage of advanced peripheral vascular disease. Treating CLI, particularly in the diabetic patient, is a multifaceted process that requires an experienced team of providers. The CLI model employs practitioners from interventional cardiology, vascular surgery, wound care, endocrinology, nephrology, internal medicine, and podiatry. The main treatment goal is to improve quality of life and reduce the number of limb amputations and the subsequent complications. Often, multiple endovascular procedures are needed to restore perfusion to the lower leg and foot to prevent limb loss. The overall health care savings are significant if limb loss is avoided despite requiring multiple procedures. The number of patients, particularly diabetics, who will need this advanced level of care is only expected to rise.
Sleep Disruption After Brain Injury Is Associated With Worse Motor Outcomes and Slower Functional Recovery
Authors: Fleming Melanie K. , Smejka Tom , Henderson Slater David , van Gils Veerle , Garratt Emma , Yilmaz Kara Ece , Johansen-Berg Heidi
Published: June 2020

Background. Sleep is important for consolidation of motor learning, but brain injury may affect sleep continuity and therefore rehabilitation outcomes. Objective. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep quality and motor recovery in brain injury patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Methods. Fifty-nine patients with brain injury were recruited from 2 specialist inpatient rehabilitation units. Sleep quality was assessed (up to 3 times) objectively using actigraphy (7 nights) and subjectively using the Sleep Condition Indicator. Motor outcome assessments included Action Research Arm test (upper limb function), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (motor impairment), and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was assessed at admission and discharge by the clinical team. Fifty-five age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed one assessment. Results. Inpatients demonstrated lower self-reported sleep quality ( P < .001) and more fragmented sleep ( P < .001) than controls. For inpatients, sleep fragmentation explained significant additional variance in motor outcomes, over and above that explained by admission FIM score ( P < .017), such that more disrupted sleep was associated with poorer motor outcomes. Using stepwise linear regression, sleep fragmentation was the only variable found to explain variance in rate of change in FIM ( R2adj = 0.12, P = .027), whereby more disrupted sleep was associated with slower recovery. Conclusions. Inpatients with brain injury demonstrate impaired sleep quality, and this is associated with poorer motor outcomes and slower functional recovery. Further investigation is needed to determine how sleep quality can be improved and whether this affects outcome.
Restoration of Elbow Flexion With a Free Functional Gracilis Muscle Transfer in an Arthrogrypotic Patient Using a Motor Nerve to Pectoralis Major
Authors: Sochol Kristen M. , Edwards George , Stevanovic Milan
Published: June 2020

Background: Patients with arthrogryposis may exhibit inability to flex the elbow. A free functional gracilis muscle transfer (FFGMT) can be used to restore elbow flexion. In our search of the available literature, we have not seen any descriptions of using a motor branch to the pectoralis major as a donor nerve to establish elbow flexion. Methods: We performed an FFGMT for restoration of elbow flexion in an arthrogrypotic patient with no active elbow flexion, who had a Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle grade of 0. Results: We report our 4.5-year outcomes. After undergoing an FFGMT for elbow flexion, our patient was able to gain an MRC grade 4 and achieve an arc of motion of 25° to 140°. Conclusion: An FFGMT for elbow flexion may be performed successfully using a motor branch to the pectoralis major.
Evaluating the Impact of Patient Social Deprivation on the Level of Symptom Severity at Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Presentation
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Kurucan Etka , Fear Kathleen , Hammert Warren C.
Published: June 2020

Background: There is a paucity of research examining the impact of social deprivation on the level of symptom severity at presentation, including in common hand conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome. We aimed to determine whether patient deprivation is associated with worse Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE), Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI), and Depression scores. Methods: Patients presenting to an academic hand clinic from December 2016 to December 2018 for a new patient visit for carpal tunnel syndrome completed PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression Computer Adaptive Tests. Bivariate analyses were done to compare patient variables between the least and most deprived thirds, as measured by Area Deprivation Index (ADI), at the state (New York) and national levels. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine whether there was an association between social deprivation and PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression scores. Results: All PROMIS domain scores were significantly worse in the most deprived cohort at the national level ( P < .05) but not at the state level ( P > .05). In multivariable regression at the national level, ADI values were associated with PROMIS UE (β = −0.06, P < .01) and PROMIS PI (β = .05, P < .01) but not PROMIS PF or PROMIS Depression. In multivariable regression at the state level, ADI values were associated with PROMIS UE (β = −0.79, P = .03) and PROMIS PI (β = 0.58, P < .05) but not PROMIS PF or PROMIS Depression. Conclusions: Higher levels of social deprivation are associated with worse PROMIS UE and PROMIS PI scores on both the state and national levels when initially seeking care for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Hue–saturation–intensity and texture feature-based cloud detection algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicle images
Authors: Yi Wang , Jing Zhang , Shuang Gao
Published: June 2020

There are a large number of cloud-covered areas in most unmanned aerial vehicle images and lead to the loss of information in the image and affect image post procession such as image fusion and target identification. Finding the cloud-occluded area in an image is a key step in image processing. Based on the differences of color and texture characteristics between cloud and ground, a cloud detection algorithm for the unmanned aerial vehicle images is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the classical cloud detection algorithms in accuracy rate, false-positive rate, and kappa coefficient.
Binocular stereovision omnidirectional motion handling robot
Authors: Tang Bo , Jiang Li
Published: June 2020

Binocular stereovision has become one of the development trends of machine vision and has been widely used in robot recognition and positioning. However, the current research on omnidirectional motion handling robots at home and abroad is too limited, and many problems cannot be solved well, such as single operating systems, complex algorithms, and low recognition rates. To make a high-efficiency handling robot with high recognition rate, this article studies the problem of robot image feature extraction and matching and proposes an improved speeded up robust features (SURF) algorithm that combines the advantages of both SURF and Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features. The algorithm greatly simplifies the complexity of the algorithm. Experiments show that the improved algorithm greatly improves the speed of matching and ensures the real-time and robustness of the algorithm. In this article, the problem of positioning the target workpiece of the robot is studied. The three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the target workpiece position is performed to obtain the 3-D coordinates of the target workpiece position, thereby completing the positioning work. This article designs a software framework for real-time 3-D object reconstruction. A Bayesian-based matching algorithm combined with Delaunay triangulation is used to obtain the relationship between supported and nonsupported points, and 3-D reconstruction of target objects from sparse to dense matches is achieved.
Putting the Nonsocial Into Social Neuroscience: A Role for Domain-General Priority Maps During Social Interactions
Authors: Ramsey Richard , Ward Rob
Published: June 2020

Whether on a first date or during a team briefing at work, people’s daily lives are inundated with social information, and in recent years, researchers have begun studying the neural mechanisms that support social-information processing. We argue that the focus of social neuroscience research to date has been skewed toward specialized processes at the expense of general processing mechanisms with a consequence that unrealistic expectations have been set for what specialized processes alone can achieve. We propose that for social neuroscience to develop into a more mature research program, it needs to embrace hybrid models that integrate specialized person representations with domain-general solutions, such as prioritization and selection, which operate across all classes of information (both social and nonsocial). To illustrate our central arguments, we first describe and then evaluate a hybrid model of information processing during social interactions that (a) generates novel and falsifiable predictions compared with existing models; (b) is predicated on a wealth of neurobiological evidence spanning many decades, methods, and species; (c) requires a superior standard of evidence to substantiate domain-specific mechanisms of social behavior; and (d) transforms expectations of what types of neural mechanisms may contribute to social-information processing in both typical and atypical populations.
The MAD Model of Moral Contagion: The Role of Motivation, Attention, and Design in the Spread of Moralized Content Online
Authors: Brady William J. , Crockett M. J. , Van Bavel Jay J.
Published: June 2020

With more than 3 billion users, online social networks represent an important venue for moral and political discourse and have been used to organize political revolutions, influence elections, and raise awareness of social issues. These examples rely on a common process to be effective: the ability to engage users and spread moralized content through online networks. Here, we review evidence that expressions of moral emotion play an important role in the spread of moralized content (a phenomenon we call moral contagion). Next, we propose a psychological model called the motivation, attention, and design (MAD) model to explain moral contagion. The MAD model posits that people have group-identity-based motivations to share moral-emotional content, that such content is especially likely to capture our attention, and that the design of social-media platforms amplifies our natural motivational and cognitive tendencies to spread such content. We review each component of the model (as well as interactions between components) and raise several novel, testable hypotheses that can spark progress on the scientific investigation of civic engagement and activism, political polarization, propaganda and disinformation, and other moralized behaviors in the digital age.
A novel quinoline-based colorimetric fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Fu Dingqiang
Published: June 2020

In this article, a novel fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized based on the quinoline structure for the detection of H2S. After optical evaluation, the probe showed good characteristics, including a fast response, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. More importantly, the probe could be directly observed by the naked eye after responding to H2S and has good application value.
An Mn(II) cluster–based coordination framework derived from a C3 symmetric ligand: Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties
Authors: Bian Yong-Jun , Tian Yuan , Zhang Ai-Hua , Chen Yong-Qiang
Published: June 2020

A new coordination framework {[Mn7(L)4(OH)2(H2O)4(DMA)4]·8H2O·6DMA}n (H3 L = 3,3′,3″-[1,3,5-benzenetriyltris(carbonylimino)]tris(benzoate); DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) is synthesized under mixed solvothermal conditions. Structural analysis reveals that this complex possesses a three-dimensional framework with (3,10)- c topology based on different [Mn6] clusters. Moreover, magnetic investigations suggest that intra-cluster Mn(II) ions exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling.
The concept of heritage and the grammar of Islamic fundamentalism
Authors: Dupret Baudouin , Gutron Clémentine
Published: June 2020

Islamic fundamentalism is a way to oppose the counter-narrative of an exclusive Islamic civilization to the universalist master-narrative of history’s pluralistic heritage. Two methods of reading the past collide here. One is a genealogical method, which values anything that relates the present to its historical roots. The other is a fundamentalist method, which relies on sacred scriptures in order to identify a founding age it arrogates to itself and to condemn anything that does not correspond to it. These two perspectives function in a conflicting yet interdependent manner. This article aims to describe the operating modes of these two narratives. First, it examines how the concept of heritage acquired new meanings and transformed into an evaluation table with which to assess past, present, and future collective identities. Second, it describes some audiovisual productions relating to the antique city of Hatra, to the destruction of its statues by Islamic State’s fighters, and to its symbolism. On this basis, it analyzes these productions in terms of heritage master- and counter-narratives. Third, it addresses, in relation to the issue of heritage, the fundamentalist discursive structure, its grammar, the entrenchment of its rules, and the demarcation it implies between the community of believers and everyone else.
The mnemonic transition: The rise of an anti-anticolonial memoryscape in Cape Verde
Authors: Cardina Miguel , Rodrigues Inês Nascimento
Published: June 2020

This article analyses the production of an anti-anticolonial memoryscape in Cape Verde in the 1990s. We will show how this process is bound up with a mnemonic transition that accompanied the economic and political transition taking place in the country and also marked by changes occurring internationally in the wake of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the global expansion of multipartidarism. Proposing a broadening of the concept of memoryscape, we will examine the alterations produced in the public space, in the national symbols and in the valorization of events and personages that have marked the history of the archipelago. We find that they produce a mnemopolitical imaginary different from the anticolonial legitimacy that had emerged from a victorious liberation struggle against Portuguese colonialism and became hegemonic immediately after independence (1975–1991).
Naturalizing the centennial: History, memory, and the limits of human lifespans
Authors: Morrow Paul
Published: June 2020

Recent studies of centennials focus on explaining the social and political contexts for such commemorations. This paper develops an alternative, naturalistic theory of these long-range anniversaries. The paper starts by describing the value of a naturalistic account of complex cultural formations, and by reviewing basic demographic and physiological facts underlying centennial observances. Next, the paper provides a novel taxonomy of three central social functions of centennials, highlighting their roles as standards of greatness, mirrors of progress, and spurs to renovation. Each of these functions reflects the existence of certain predictable limits to human lifespans. The paper concludes by considering some transformations in form and function that centennials might undergo in a potential future of extended longevity.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance and molecular mechanisms governing uveal melanoma
Authors: Wu Meng-Yu , Lai Tzu-Ting , Liao Wan-Ting , Li Chia-Jung
Published: June 2020

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although UM and cutaneous melanoma are derived from melanocytes, UM differs clinically and biologically from its more common skin counterparts. More than half of primary UMs metastasize. However, there is currently no effective treatment for metastatic UM. Therefore, studying mutations related to the metastasis, growth, proliferation, and survival of UM can help researchers understand its pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism, thereby leading to a more effective treatment. In addition, we provide an overview of the recent basic and clinical studies to provide a strong foundation for developing novel anti-carcinogenesis targets for future interventions.
Impacts of glycemic variability on the relationship between glucose management indicator from iPro™2 and laboratory hemoglobin A1c in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Yang Daizhi , Deng Hongrong , Xu Wen , Lv Jing , Zhou Yongwen , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Liang Hua , Yao Bin , Qiu Liling , Wang Funeng , Liu Fang , Yan Jinhua , Weng Jianping
Published: June 2020

Aims:

Our aim was to investigate the impact of glycemic variability (GV) on the relationship between glucose management indicator (GMI) and laboratory glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Methods:

Adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) were enrolled from five hospitals in China. All subjects wore the iPro™2 system for 14 days before HbA1c was measured at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Data derived from iPro™2 sensor was used to calculate GMI and GV parameters [standard deviation (SD), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)]. Differences between GMI and laboratory HbA1c were assessed by the absolute value of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI).

Results:

A total of 91 sensor data and corresponding laboratory HbA1c, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. GMI and HbA1c were 7.20 ± 0.67% and 7.52 ± 0.73%, respectively. The percentage of subjects with absolute HGI 0 to lower than 0.1% was 21%. GMI was significantly associated with laboratory HbA1c after basic adjustment (standardized β = 0.83, p < 0.001). Further adjustment for SD or MAGE reduced the standardized β for laboratory HbA1c from 0.83 to 0.71 and 0.73, respectively (both p < 0.001). In contrast, the β remained relatively constant when further adjusting for CV. Spearman correlation analysis showed that GMI and laboratory HbA1c were correlated for each quartile of SD and MAGE (all p < 0.05), with the corresponding correlation coefficients decreased across ascending quartiles.

Conclusions:

This study validated the GMI formula using the iPro™2 sensor in adult patients with T1D. GV influenced the relationship between GMI and laboratory HbA1c.
Ruptured ovarian dermoid cyst – an unusual cause for peritonitis in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Moin Thajammul , Ramsay Bruce , Mckeown Barbara , Astall Elizabeth , Tapuria Niteen
Published: June 2020

Lesson

Computed tomography scanning could be safely used in later pregnancy to aid diagnosis and target management of the acute abdomen.
Co-constructing feminist research: Ensuring meaningful participation while researching the experiences of criminalised women
Authors: Harding Nicola A
Published: June 2020

Traditional forms of knowledge production can serve to reproduce the power imbalances present within the social contexts that research and knowledge production occur. With the interests of the discipline of criminology so closely entwined with the criminal justice system, it is no surprise that crime, punishment, rehabilitation and desistance have not been adequately examined from a gendered perspective. This article examines a participatory action research process conducted with criminalised women subject to community punishment and probation supervision in the North West of England. By examining the feminist methodology within which this research is framed, discussions about meaningful collaboration offer insights into the potential for creativity in research to become transformative. Using a range of creative qualitative research methods, specifically map making, photovoice and creative writing, this research attempts to understand the experience of criminalised women. Charting the way in which this research prioritises the collaboration of criminalised women at all stages of the research process, this article proposes that ‘meaningful’ participation is about more than process management. It is only by moving beyond typologies of participation, towards an understanding of how participation in the created research space responds to the groups wider oppression, in this case by overcoming trauma or demonstrating reform, that collaboration with holders of lived experience can uncover subjugated knowledge and facilitate transformative action.
The risks and rewards of researching victims of crime
Authors: Fohring Stephanie
Published: June 2020

The concept of emotional labour is described as any effort, conscious or not, to change one’s feelings or emotions, thereby offering a useful framework for understanding the experiences of qualitative researchers working within so-called ‘sensitive topics’. Despite this, it has received little research attention in criminology and criminal justice compared to related concepts such as vicarious trauma. Vicarious trauma refers to pervasive, cumulative and permanent changes that occur in a professional’s views of themselves, others and the world around them as a result of exposure to graphic and/or traumatic material. Conducting ‘sensitive topic’ research, such as with victims or offenders of crime, may expose researchers in this field to significant emotion work through engagement with potentially shocking and graphic experiences that are characteristic of serious trauma survivors. Victimisation is thought to be so disruptive because it challenges at a fundamental level our beliefs in a safe and benevolent world, and of ourselves as good (and hence undeserving) people. This article will draw on existing literature and the author’s extensive experiences of conducting in-depth interviews with victims of crime to explore the psychological impact of working closely with survivors of violent crimes. It will then show how the process of vicarious trauma mirrors that of trauma in victim/survivors. It will place this discussion against the backdrop of a rapidly changing and commercialising higher education sector and explore how the increasing pressures and reduced freedoms, in addition to the subject matter we study, require significant emotional labour and place us at a heightened risk for vicarious trauma. Finally, suggestions will be made regarding the best practice to avoid vicarious trauma and why, despite the risk, research in this area is still necessary and rewarding.
The Potential Contribution of Supplementary Immunization Activities to Routine Immunization in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoleke Semeeh A. , Getachew Biniam , Igoh Catherine S. , Yusuf Taofik A. , Lukman Surajudeen A. , Loveday Nkwogu
Published: June 2020

Background: Among the strategies of the Polio Eradication Initiative, the landmark interventions are routine immunization (RI) and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). RI is the provision of vaccination service at the health facility and conducted year-round. SIAs are a community-based intervention targeting large numbers of an eligible population within a short period. Hence, the study aimed to assess the contributions of SIAs on access and utilization of RI services. Methods: We conducted the study in 10 local government areas in Kebbi State, northwestern Nigeria. We analyzed RI data from January to September 2019 and included the 4 SIAs conducted in January, April, August, and September in the same years. The number of children vaccinated, the trend of BCG, pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks, and measles coverage and dropout rates (DORs) were analyzed. Results: For all the selected vaccines, the highest contributions to RI were recorded during the August 2019 fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) campaign. On the other hand, the least contributions were noted during January SIAs. The BCG coverage showed an erratic trend with the lowest in February and highest in July 2019. The coverage for the pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks was lowest in February and September. The pentavalent vaccine DOR pattern showed the lowest in February with value of 0% and the highest in June with 12%. Except for May and June, the Pentavalent vaccine DORs for all other months were <10%. February 2019 had the lowest measles coverage. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the integration of RI into SIAs could improve RI coverage. and potentially reduce DOR, especially when the integration is of good quality and conducted at short and regular intervals. Although SIAs are instrumental at increasing RI coverage, the disruption of RI services may occur due to overlapping resources and poor planning. Therefore, SIAs should be adequately planned by program managers to strengthen RI service delivery during the SIAs implementation.
A Simple Mediation Model for Public–Private Partnership Implementation in Developing Countries: A Case of Tanzania
Authors: Mwakapala Lusekelo Yonah , Sun Baiqing
Published: June 2020

The governance mechanism is examined as a mediator to the potential implementation of the public–private partnership (PPP) in the Sub-Saharan Africa region by using Tanzania as a reference case. There is an intricate relationship between the public and private sector in applying the complex PPP phenomenon on infrastructure development, a decision beyond the government functionality for performance is required to steer its implementation. A need for a network system with a positive mindset to what PPP can achieve in adjusting the efficiency and financial gap to infrastructure. In the mediation model, a mediator can partially or fully facilitate the relationship of the outcome variable. With the use of the bootstrapping method in SPSS, our result evidenced a full mediation through governance to PPP implementation.