bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment Hasil Belajar Sains Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Syazali Muhammad , Zain Amrullah Lalu Wira , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah
Published: May 2021

Aspek yang menjadi kekhawatiran pada bidang pendidikan dimasa pandemi adalah hasil belajar melalui pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring akibat tidak memungkinkannya pembelajaran secara tatap muka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan assessment terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar (IAD). Penelitian dilakukan pada mahasiswa Program Studi (Prodi) Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD), FKIP Universitas Mataram semester gasal tahun akademik 2020/2021. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 97 mahasiswa yang dipilih secara random. Data hasil belajar adalah nilai akhir aspek kognitif yang diolah dari tiga jenis ujian (U) yaitu yaitu U1, U2, dan U3. U1 mencakup kuis, penugasan, dan lain-lain selama perkuliahan. U2 dan U3 diambil dari hasil ujian tengah semester (UTS) dan ujian akhir semester (UAS). Hasil belajar ditentukan dengan mengukur derajat penguasaan dan dinterpretasi ke dalam 5 kategori yaitu sangat baik, baik, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa adalah 75.83 dengan kategori baik. Mahasiswa laki-laki memiliki derajat penguasaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa perempuan. Berdasarkan proporsinya, derajat penguasaan dengan kategori sangat baik dan baik memiliki persentase sebesar 93.81%. Sisanya kategori cukup 4.12% dan kategori sangat kurang 2.06%. Di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, mahasiswa mampu menguasai tujuan-tujuan pembelajaran dengan baik. Capaian ini perlu dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan melalui implementasi pembelajaran yang dapat mengoptimalkan potensi mahasiswa.
Early versus delayed cord clamping in term neonates.
Authors: Mumtaz Samina , Tabassum Shagufta , Afzal Saima
Published: May 2021

Objective: To compare mean hemoglobin levels of neonates after early and late cord clamping. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: June 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 60 women booked and unbooked were included in study. Selected patients randomized into group A and B, each group comprising of 30 patients depending upon the envelope with assigned treatment (either early or delayed cord clamping) picked up by the patient. Results: In present study, two groups were made. Group A consisted of 30 neonates in whom early cord clamping was done while in group B delayed clamping was done in 30 neonates. Mean age of mothers was 28.4±0.4 vs. 28.6±0.5 years in group A and B respectively. There were 25 mothers (83.3%) in group A and 21 mothers (70%) in group B between 25–30 years. There were 5 mothers (16.7%) in group A and 8 mothers (26.7%) in group B between 31–35 years of age. While none of the mother in group A and 1 mother (3.3%) in group B was between 36–40 years of age. Mean parity of the mothers was 1.1±0.2 vs. 1.4±0.2 in group A and B respectively. Eight mothers (85.4%) in group A and 7 mothers (82.5%) in group B were primipara. While 22 mothers (14.6%) in group A and 23 mothers in group B (17.5%) were para 1–3. Gestational age was 37–38 weeks in 13(43.3%) vs. 19(63.3%) women in group A and B respectively. While there were 17(56.7%) vs. 11(36.7%) women in group A and B respectively of the gestational age 39–40 weeks. Pre-delivery maternal mean hemoglobin levels was 11.9±0.1 gm/dl vs. 12.3±0.1 gm/dl in group A and B respectively. Pre-delivery maternal hemoglobin levels were 10–10.9 g/dl in 2 mothers (6.7%) vs. 1 mother (3.3%) in group A and B respectively. Neonatal mean hemoglobin levels were 16.8±0.2 g/dl vs. 17.7±0.1 g/dl in group A and B respectively. Out of the 31 booked mothers, neonatal mean hemoglobin level was 16.8±0.2 g/dl vs. 17.9±0.1 g/dl in group A and B respectively. While out of the 29 unbooked mothers, neonatal mean hemoglobin level was 16.7±0.2 g/dl vs. 17.5±0.1 g/dl in group A and B respectively. When compared the neonatal mean hemoglobin levels, there was significant difference between mean hemoglobin levels of neonates between the two groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: Delayed cord clamping in term neonates for a minimum of 2 minutes at birth is beneficial to the newborn in terms of improved hemoglobin levels. There is no significant difference seen in pre-delivery maternal hemoglobin levels and neonatal hemoglobin either in delayed cord clamping group or in early cord clamping group.
Evaluation of serum electrolyte levels in iron deficiency anemia patients.
Authors: Rafiq Maryam , Arooj Amna , Tahir Qurrat-ul-Ain , Fayyaz Nudrat , Samad Afra , Bashir Sibgha
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To evaluate electrolytes levels in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia and to compare it with patients without anemia. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: November, 2019 to May, 2020. Material & Methods: After taking informed consent, five milliliter of blood was drawn from each patient. Blood sample was analyzed for electrolytes, complete blood counts and serum ferritin levels. Results were compared in normal and iron deficiency anemic groups. Results: A total of 287 clinically anemic suspects including 181 (63.0%) female and 106 (37.0%) male with mean age of patients as 36.11±12.23 were included in this study. A total of 205 (71.4%) of the suspects had anemia whereas frequency of anemia remained higher among females (78.5%) as compared to males (59.5%) in this study. On the basis of serum ferritin levels a total of 178 (62.0%) patients had iron deficiency. Mean values of Sodium (130.41±0.59) and Bicarbonate (24.10±0.31) remained low while mean Potassium (4.33±0.07) and Chloride (103.93±0.47) levels of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) group remained high as compared to non-anemic group. Conclusion: Levels of sodium and bicarbonate are found to be on the lower side while potassium and chloride remained on higher side in patients with Iron deficiency Anemia in this study. Thus these findings indicate close monitoring of electrolytes to evade impediments during management of patients.
RBD targeted COVID vaccine and full length spike-protein vaccine (mutation and glycosylation role) relationship with procoagulant effect
Authors: Luisetto M , Tarro G , Farhan Ahmad Khan , Khaled Edbey , Mashori GR , Yesvi AR , Latyschev OY
Published: May 2021

Related COVID vaccine production many different strategies was followed by the producers. Observing some rare event of thrombosis after some COVID-19 vaccination, it is interesting to verify if the Target used for the manufacturing can be involved in a different procoagulant activity or not. Some vaccine are suspended in some country or under a deep new verify- investigation by the regulatory agency. (EU or USA). This fact it is relevant. The target SPIKE-PROTEIN FULL LENGTH modified or not or towards the RBD domain can be a relevant factor.
Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Specially Designed for Cables
Authors: Gao Xipeng , He Xiwei
Published: May 2021

When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers, bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers. The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers. For this reason, analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed. The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges, and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support.
Predictive Model to Evaluate Accommodation of Conflict Management Strategies and Board Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Port Harcourt
Authors: S.N. Eluozo , Johnson Ukpong Uwem , S. Eluozo
Published: May 2021

This paper evaluates accommodation of conflict management strategies and board performances in oil and gas sector. The study details the reflection of effectiveness, efficiency and productivity as the answer to thorough efficiency in accommodation of conflict management in oil and gas sector, these parameters in the system express their efficacy on conflict management in these multinationals, this implies that for thorough efficiency, these variables must work simultaneously for effective and efficient in structural organization that can be a leading multinational sector in oil and gas environment. The study observed Linearized result from graphical representation explaining predominant lower efficiency and little higher efficiency in accommodation of conflict management in oil and gas companies. These experiences from the study monitor the system from generated simulation values that describe the growth rates in exponential phase of accommodation conflict strategic management. Despite exponential phase the results experienced lower parameters, when comparing on its variations showing its poor efficiency as observed in the study. Few periods observed higher effective accommodation on conflict strategic management. The developed model stimulation values were subjected to validation and both parameters generated favourable fits correlation, the study expressed the deficiency on accommodation of conflict management strategy thus developed models that can monitor the fluctuation and progressive state of accommodation on conflict management strategy, it defines the reflection of other parameters that express the behaviour of the system in terms of conceptual approach to monitor these type of strategic management in oil and gas companies.
EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK DAUN KEMBANG BULAN (Tithonia diversifolia) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PANKREAS PADA TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Wirjatmadja Ruswandono , Solfaine Rondius , Kasrtikasari Dian Ayu , Wati Anisa Novia
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to determine the histopathological picture of the pancreas by induction of alloxan and extracts of the moon flower (tithonia diversifolia) in wistar rats (rattus norvegicus). A total of 24 male Wistar rats with 4 treatments were control P0, alloxan P1 with 1% CMC Na, P2 alloxan with 100mg / kgBB extract, alloxan P3 with 200mg / kgBB extract. Mice after said diabetes mellitus with a number> 135 mg / dL were then given treatment with 1% CMC Na on P1 and lunar leaf extract at P2 and P3, necropsy was carried out on the 15th day and the pancreatic organs were taken to be made in the form of preparations with coloring. HE, lesions observed Degeneration, Inflammatory Cells and Necrosis using a microscope, the results were analyzed using Kruskal wallis followed by Mann withney. The data obtained by degeneration in the kruskal wallis test were very significantly different because there were significant differences (P = 0.01), inflammation cells in the Kruskal wallis test were very significantly different because there were significant differences (P = 0.00), and for necrosis in the Kruskal wallis test significantly different because there are significant differences (0.02).
Perbandingan efektifitas talcum, unguentum, dan pasta ekstrak terstandar kulit manggis (garcinnia mangostana linn) terhadap ringworm disease (tinea corporis)
Authors: Candrarisna Miranti
Published: May 2021

Purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of talcum, unguentum and paste of mangosteen peel extract standardized (Garcinnia mangostana Linn) against Ringworm Disease in vivo. This type of experimental research using completely randomized design. The research sample: male hamster 24 animals, divided 4 groups and 6 replications: a control group, were infected ringworm fungus (Trycophyton mentagophytes) but not given treatment (P0), the treatment group infected ringworm fungus and treated with talcum extract standardized mangosteen rind (P1) treatment group and the untreated ringworm fungus infected unguentum standardized extract of mangosteen peel (P2), a group that ringworm fungus infected and treated with a paste of mangosteen peel extract standardized (P3). Giving a fungal infection ringworm done once, then wait 1-2 weeks until the fungal infection spread to the whole body of experimental animals were then treated according to the treatment dose of 50% twice a day. Observation of wound healing, change in body surface area that has been infected with mildew, scab and reduction of area small dots such as rings and mushrooms are native examination conducted on the 5th, 10th and 15th. Results of the examination of the wound healing, change in body surface area that has been infected with mildew, scab and reduction of area small dots like ring diskoring and analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed: the treatment group was given a fungal infection ringworm and treated with a paste of mangosteen peel extract standardized to 50% dose twice daily (P3) provide most excellent and effective than the group P2, P1 and P0 appears on the 15th day.
Pengaruh dosis radiasi 125 I terhadap rehabilitasi sel darah merah mencit ( mus musculus )
Authors: Suratma I Nyoman
Published: May 2021

This research used the dosage of radio active 125I of 5 mci and 10 mci, and used 32 two-month-old male white mice. The white mice were divided into four groups randomly. This research applied Split-plot Design. After being treated based on the  gruping time, the data were obtained, then analyzed with the  following result . Group of 16 day t- test of the control erythrocyte ( c-1 ) and the erythrocyte after the break of the treatment of 5 mci of radio-active 125I dosage showed significant ( p< 0,05 )unreversible. Group of 32 days t- test of the control erythrocyte ( c-2 )and the erythrocyte after the break of the treatment of 10 mci of radio-active 125I dosage showed non significant difference (p>0,05)  reversible
Efek Induksi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe -1 Pada Histopatologi Pancreas Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Margaretha Maria
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine induction of type I diabetes mellitus to changes histopathological picture of the pancreas in rats (Rattusnorvegicus). The research sample used was a albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) as many as 12. Albino rat were randomly divided into 2 groups with each group 6 animals, treatment group as a control that is not induced alloxan (P0), the treatment group induced alloxan with the dose of 50 mg / kg (P1), rats induced by alloxan for 3 days intraperitoneally after it conducted checks of blood sugar by means of glucometers, on day 4 continued therapy (P2), until day 8 do a necropsy to take samples of pancreas then made preparations Histopathological to do microscopic observation. The results of data analysis using the Kruskal Wallis of pancreas are edema with value of P = 0.011, P = 0.011 acinar necrosis, inflammation and perivasculer P value = 0.017 infiltrates P value hemmorage and fat necrosis = 0,172. All P values greater than 0.05 means no differences were found with the data distribution standard normal distributed data. It is concluded that there are some severe lesion in the pancreas with diabetic alloxan induced.
Effects of Analgesics on Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Xu Jiajie J , Thurston Sarah E , Robinson Tyler J , Escara-Wilke June F , Daignault-Newton Stephanie , Martin Tara L , Keller Evan T , Keller Jill M
Published: May 2021

Murine models of tumor development often require invasive procedures for tumor implantation, potentially causing pain or distress. However, analgesics are often withheld during implantation because of concerns that they may adversely affect tumor development. Previous studies examining
the effects of analgesics on the development and metastasis of various tumor lines show that the effect of analgesics depends on the tumor line and analgesic used. A blanket statement that analgesics affect the general growth of tumors is not adequate scientific justification for withholding
pain relief, and pilot studies or references are recommended for each specific tumor cell line and treatment combination. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 2 commonly used analgesics on tumor growth in 2 models of prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis. We hypothesized that a one-time
injection of analgesics at the time of intratibial injection of tumor cells would not significantly impact tumor growth. Either C57BL/6 or SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with an analgesic (carprofen [5 mg/kg], or buprenorphine [0.1 mg/kg]) or vehicle (0.1 mL of saline) at the time
of intratibial injection with a PCa cell line (RM1 or PC3, n = 10 to 11 per group). Tumor growth (measured by determination of tumor burden and the extent of bone involvement) and welfare (measured by nociception, locomotion, and weight) were monitored for 2 to 4 wk. Neither carprofen
or buprenorphine administration consistently affected tumor growth or indices of animal welfare as compared with the saline control for either cell line. This study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating that analgesia can be compatible with scientific objectives, and that a
decision to withhold analgesics must be scientifically justified and evaluated on a model-specific basis.
PLASMODIUM DOMINAN DALAM NYAMUK ANOPHELES BETINA (Anopheles spp.) PADA BEBERAPA TEMPAT DI DISTRIK MANOKWARI BARAT
Authors: Rina A. Mogea
Published: May 2021

Malaria contagious by mosquito Anopheles Betina bringing protozoa parasite in its body (Plasmodium). Plasmodium there are four specieses that is Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum, but often becomes pathogen that is Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. As for intention of this research is to identify Plasmodium which is dominant at female Anopheles mosquito (Anopheles spp.) and knows distribution pattern of female Anopheles mosquito (Anopheles spp.) in some places in Districts Manokwari Barat.

Based on research result done to four locations that is area Amban, Wosi, Sanggeng and Kota is found [by] 1024 mosquito tails. From the amounts only 115 mosquito tails was mosquito Anopheles Betina while the other is mosquito Anopheles male, mosquito Culex and Aedes. Mosquito Anopheles Betina found consisted of 4 species that is Anopheles bancrofti, Anopheles kochi, Anopheles farauti and Anopheles koliensis.

Mosquito Anopheles Betina which is dissected, obtained 2 the Plasmodium species in mosquito spit gland is Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and from calculation by index dominant can be told that both types of this very dominant Plasmodium in Districts Manokwari Barat because its the dominant index > 5%.
KARAKTERISASI ABU KAYU MERBAU (Intsia, spp.): PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN LAMA KALSINASI
Authors: Santi Darma , Morin Jacson Victor
Published: May 2021

Characterization of merbau wood ash (Intsia, spp.) due to the influence of temperature and time of calcination has been studied. The variations in calcination temperature were 500 ᴼC (as M500) and 600 ᴼC (as M600), while the variations in the duration of calcination were 1, 2, and 3 hours, noted as M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic analysis using FT-IR. XRD results identified the presence of CaCO3 species (rhombohedral structure) and K2Si4O9 species with a hexagonal structure on M500. The M600 species identified Si (cubic structure), SiO2 (cubic structure), K2Si4O9 (hexagonal structure), and CaCO3 (rhombohedral structure). In general, the calcination temperature increases the crystallinity of several compounds contained in merbau wood ash. The length of time calcination reduces the absorption peak due to the decomposition and adsorption reactions of the presence of water molecules bound to the ash material of merbau wood (Intsia, spp).
ANALISIS MORFOMETRI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) MUARI DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN
Authors: Pamuji Khristian Enggar , Lestari Oktaviyanti A. , Mirino Rosalina R.
Published: May 2021

Morfometri pada DAS merupakan ukuran kuantitatif karakteristik DAS yang terkait dengan aspek geomorfologi suatu daerah. Morfometri DAS juga digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan jaringan alur sungai secara kuantitatif. Keadaan yang dimaksud antara lain meliputi aspek linier, aspek area dan aspek relief. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik DAS berdasarkan morfometri di DAS Muari Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan. Metode yang digunakan didapatkan dari pengolahan citra DEM-SRTM dan dipadukan dengan peta RBI melalui aplikasi ArcGIS (ArcMap 10.3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DAS Muari terdiri dari 5 orde sungai dengan luas DAS 78.8 km2 (7880 ha), keliling DAS 44.7 km, kerapatan drainase 2.25, frekuensi sungai 3.2, tekstur drainase 5.7, rasio lingkaran 0.50, faktor bentuk 3,29, rasio elongasi 2.05 dan rasio relief 0.4. Berdasarkan analisis morfometri, DAS Muari dikategorikan DAS sangat kecil, memiliki bentuk sungai yang memanjangdan memiliki relief yang tidak curam
VARIASI KUAT MEDAN MAGNET DAN DAYA LISTRIK INPUT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MOTOR LISTRIK DC DUA KUTUB
Authors: Karim Karim , Erari Ishak Semuel , Muslimin Abdul Muis
Published: May 2021

Penelitian tentang variasi medan magnet dan daya listrik input terhadap karakteristik motor listrik DC bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kuat medan magnet dan pengaruh besar daya listrik input terhadap RPM, efisiensi, dan torsi motor listrik DC serta mengetahui pengaruh kuat medan magnet permanen terhadap daya listrik input. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, yang dimulai dengan pembuatan alat, pengambilan data, kemudian pengolahan data. Dalam pengambilan data, data yang diukur adalah tegangan listrik input, tegangan listrik output, arus listrik input, arus listrik output dan RPM. Hasil dari pengolahan data diperoleh bahwa setiap penambahan jumlah magnet akan menyebabkan RPM meningkat, daya listrik menurun, torsi menurun, dan efisiensi yang paling tertinggi 80.564% pada jumlah satu magnet. Sedangkan setiap penambahan daya listrik input menyebabkan RPM meningkat, torsi meningkat, dan efisiensi tertinggi pada tegangan listrik power supply 12 Volt yaitu 83.366%.
Evaluating the applicability of a screen diffraction approximation to local volcano infrasound
Authors: Maher Sean , Matoza Robin , De Groot-Hedlin Catherine , Kim Keehoon , Gee Kent
Published: May 2021

Atmospheric acoustic waves from volcanoes at infrasonic frequencies (0.01–20 Hz) can be used to estimate source parameters for hazard modeling, but signals are often distorted by wavefield interactions with topography, even at local recording distances (<15 km). We present new developments toward a simple empirical approach to estimate attenuation by topographic diffraction at reduced computational cost. We investigate the applicability of a thin screen diffraction relationship developed by Maekawa [1968, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-682X(68)90020- 0]. We use a 2D axisymmetric finite-difference method to show that this relationship accurately predicts power losses for infrasound diffraction over an idealized kilometer-scale screen; thus validating the scaling to infrasonic wavelengths. However, the Maekawa relationship overestimates attenuation for realistic volcano topography (using Sakurajima Volcano as an example). The attenuating effect of diffraction may be counteracted by constructive interference of multiple reflections along concave volcano slopes. We conclude that the Maekawa relationship is insufficient as formulated for volcano infrasound, and suggest modifications that may improve the prediction capability.
Andi nurizatunnisa-htn
Authors: nurizatunnisa Andi
Published: May 2021

Hukum tata negara adalah bentuk hukum yang mendefinisikan hubungan antara berbagai lembaga di dalam suatu negara yaitu eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif.Definisi hukum tata negara menurut salah satu ahli :1. Van Vollen Hoven mengatakan hukum tata negara merupakan hukum yang mengatur individu-individu yang terikat dengan hukum serta hukum yang menentukan sistematika penyusunan wewenang suatu badan-badan tersebut. Ruang lingkup hukum tatanegara adalah struktur umum dari negara sebagai organisasi: Bentuk negara (kesatuan federal) Bentuk pemerintahan (kerajaan, republik) Sistem pemerintahan (presidensil, parlementer, monarki absolut) Corak pemerintahan (nasionalis, liberal, demokrasi) Sistem pendelegasian kekuasaan negara (desentralisasi atau sentralisasi) Wilayah negara (darat, laut, nehara) Cara rakyat menjalankan hak-hak ketatanegaraan Ciri-ciri lahir kepribadian negara (lagu kebangsaan, bendera negara, bahasa nasional)
Persistent Wintertime Thermal Inversion in the City. The case of Madrid. Part I. Meteorology
Authors: Martilli Alberto , Sanchez Beatriz , Rasilla Domingo , Pappaccogli Gianluca , Allende Fernando , Martin Fernando , Román-Cascón Carlos , Yagüe Carlos , Fernandez Felipe
Published: May 2021

Persistent wintertime inversions over cities are the most critical conditions for air quality, and also one of the most challenging situations to simulate with a meteorological model. In the first part of this study, the ability of the meteorological model WRF, coupled with the multilayer urban canopy parameterization BEP-BEM, to simulate the evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer Structure over the city of Madrid, Spain, during a multiday inversion episode, is assessed. The model results are evaluated against airport soundings, fourteen meteorological stations within and around the urban area, and remotely sensed surface temperatures. The study indicates that PBL structure is determined by the interaction between the urban and rural heat and momentum fluxes, the topography, and the downward turbulent transport of heat. The best air temperature spatial distribution is obtained when the 6th order horizontal filter is applied only to wind and not to temperature, and when the soil moisture is reduced to 25% of the initial value provided by the global scale model. However, the comparison against satellite surface temperature data indicates that with such a dry soil the model underestimates the surface temperatures during the night and overestimates them during the day in rural areas. This error compensation points to a likely deficiency in the PBL and surface schemes during the persistent inversions. In urban areas, the simulations with the urban canopy parameterization tend to overestimate the nocturnal surface and air temperatures, while they reproduce wind speed correctly. Finally, a new methodology to assess the model's capability to reproduce the spatial variability of air temperature is introduced, and the results show that the use of the multilayer urban canopy scheme and the adjustment of the soil moisture are both needed to improve the reproduction of such spatial distribution.
Mawadda warahma-mid htn
Authors: warahma Mawadda
Published: May 2021

Sumber hukum adalah segala sesuatu yang asal mulanya menimbulkan aturan-aturan yangkekuatannya bersifat memaksa artinya sesuatu yang dilakukan dan melanggar hukum yang berlaku maka akan mengakibatkan sanksi yang tegas dan nyata. Sumber hukum yang sifatnya hukum ialah sumber yang harus benar-benar diakui oleh hukum itu sendiri.
Кудряшов Александр Леонидович. (2021). ТЕОРИИ РЕЛЕВАНТНОСТИ В АНАЛИЗЕ ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОЙ АМБИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ// FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (ICFARS) April 2021, Berlin - Germany: collection of scientific papers / OEAPS OU.; editorial board: Flora Bertrand (editor-in-chief) [and others]. - Tallinn, Estonia: OEAPS OU., 2021. P. 70-85.
Authors: Kudryashov Alexander
Published: May 2021

Прагматическая амбивалентность относится к лингвистическому феномену, в котором коммуникатор использует расплывчатые или двусмысленные слова, чтобы передать иллокутивную силу другой стороне в определенном контексте. Это незаменимая коммуникативная стратегия для успешного общения в повседневной коммуникативной деятельности. Теория релевантности может объяснить прагматическую амбивалентность с трех аспектов: намеренная релевантность, контекстная релевантность и обоснование релевантности. Таким образом, теория релевантности обладает сильной объяснительной силой и применима для прагматической амбивалентности как коммуникативной стратегии. Использование теории релевантности для изучения прагматической амбивалентности способствует дальнейшему пониманию людьми прагматической амбивалентности как лингвистического феномена и имеет очень положительное значение для исследования и развития амбивалентности в прагматике.
MAKNA SASIRANGAN DARI KONTEKS SEJARAH
Authors: Yanti Nuur Kumala
Published: May 2021

Kalimantan Selatan terkenal dengan kerajinan kain sasirangannya. Kain Sasirangan inilah yang menjadi ciri khas umum karena awalnya sering digunakan untuk kain adat tradisi acara adat suku banjar dan sebagai pengobatan lokal untuk menyembuhkan penyakit. Sasirangan secara khusus dibuat dengan cara yang sangat tradisional sampai dengan sekarang mulai dibuat dengan cara sedikit modern. Kain sasirangan memiliki nilai sejarah yang cukup panjang sebelum akhirnya diproduksi massal oleh masyarakat sekitar. Dulunya digunakan sebagai pengobatan kemudian menjadi kain yang khusus digunakan sebagai acara tradisi. Lambat laun Kain batik sasirangan umumnya dipakai untuk kebutuhan upacara adat Suku Banjar. Sekarang ini berkembang menjadi pakaian formal maupun pakaian Fashion yang berciri khas. Terlihat dari banyaknya pekerjaan yang mewajibkan karyawannya menggunakan baju sasirangan dan kewajiban anak sekolah di Kalimantan Selatan diwajibkan menggunakan baju sasirangan dihari yang sudah ditentukan. Dalam hal ini untuk mencoba untuk melihat makna kain sasirangan dalam konteks sejarah. Dengan melihat dinamika yang terlihat, terjadi perubahan kegunaan pada sasirangan itu sendiri. Ada banyak yang bisa dipelajari dari melihat makna Sasirangan dari konteks sejarah yang menelisik arti-arti dari motif maupun warna sasirangan, bukan itu saja konteks sejarah pun melihat pembuatan batik sasirangan itu dengan meneliik nilai kain sasirangan yang memiliki makna yang mendalam dari setiap prosesnya.
UTILIZING SHORT STORY IN IMPROVING EFL LEARNERS VOCABULARY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Suparno Angelina
Published: May 2021

This paper targets growing vocabulary through short story for discretionary students in Indonesia. The paper was arranged as Classroom Action Research. It was coordinated in two cycles; each cycle included arrangement, acting, seeing, and Reflecting. The researcher utilized understanding and test to collect the information. The deferred outcomes of the head spelling test showed that from 120 learners, there were 64 students out of 120 who got scores of least 70. It was indistinguishable from 53.3%. In cycle 2, undoubtedly the amount of learners who got the scores of 70 or higher was 88. It was indistinguishable from 73.3%. The aftereffect of this evaluation showed that Short Story was sensible to develop students' vocabulary stock.
Nonlinear probability weighting can reflect attentional biases in sequential sampling
Authors: Zilker Veronika , Pachur Thorsten
Published: May 2021

Nonlinear probability weighting allows cumulative prospect theory (CPT) to account for key phenomena in decision making under risk (e.g., certainty effect, fourfold pattern of risk attitudes). It describes the impact of risky outcomes on preferences in terms of a rank-dependent nonlinear transformation of their objective probabilities. The attentional Drift Diffusion Model (aDDM) formalizes the finding that attentional biases toward an option can shape preferences within a sequential sampling process. Here we link these two influential frameworks. We used the aDDM to simulate choices between two options while systematically varying the strength of attentional biases to either option. The resulting choices were modeled with CPT. Changes in preference due to attentional biases in the aDDM were reflected in highly systematic signatures in the parameters of CPT's weighting function (curvature, elevation). Based on these insights, we predicted and demonstrated—in a re-analysis of a large set of previously published empirical data—that attentional biases are also systematically linked to patterns in probability weighting empirically. Our analyses also reveal a previously overlooked link between patterns in probability weighting and response times. These findings highlight that distortions in probability weighting can arise from simple option-specific attentional biases in information search, and suggest an alternative to common interpretations of weighting-function parameters in terms of probability sensitivity and optimism. They also point to novel, attention-based explanations for empirical phenomena associated with characteristic shapes of CPT's probability-weighting function (e.g., certainty effect, description–experience gap). The results advance the integration of two prominent computational frameworks for decision making.
No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: the social costs of prosocial behaviour
Authors: Raihani Nichola , Power Eleanor A.
Published: May 2021

Performing costly helpful behaviours can allow individuals to improve their reputation. Those who gain a good reputation are often preferred as interaction partners and are consequently better able to access support through cooperative relationships with others. But investing in prosocial displays can sometimes yield social costs: excessively generous individuals risk losing their good reputation, and even being vilified, ostracised or antisocially punished. As a consequence, people frequently try to downplay their prosocial actions or hide them from others. In this review, we explore when and why investments in prosocial behaviour are likely to yield social costs. We propose two key features of interactions that make it more likely that generous individuals will incur social costs when: (i) observers infer that helpful behaviour is motivated by strategic or selfish motives; and (ii) observers infer that helpful behaviour is detrimental to them. We describe how the cognition required to consider ulterior motives emerges over development and how these tendencies vary across cultures – and discuss how the potential for helpful actions to result in social costs might place boundaries on prosocial behaviour as well as limiting the contexts in which it might occur. We end by outlining the key avenues and priorities for future research.
Assessing and protecting the mental health of the nation: A methodological protocol detailing Irish data from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study
Authors: Spikol Eric , McBride Orla , Daly Michael , Vallières Frédérique , Butter Sarah , Bentall Richard , Hyland Philip
Published: May 2021

Funded by the Health Research Board and the Irish Research Council, this project was launched to determine what effect the pandemic has had on the mental health of the people of Ireland during the first year of the pandemic.
Endogenous Prediction of Bankruptcy using a Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zazueta Jorge , Heredia Andrea Chavez , Zazueta-Hernández Jorge
Published: May 2021

We build a global bankruptcy prediction model using a support vector machine trained only on firms' endogenous information in the form of financial ratios. The model is tested not only on entirely random unseen data but on samples taken from specific global regions and industries to test for prediction bias, achieving satisfactory prediction performance in all cases. While support vector machines are not easily interpretable, we explore variable importance and find it consistent with economic intuition.
Living standards shape individual attitudes on genetically modified food around the world
Authors: Levi Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Agricultural biotechnology can help to sustainably intensify food production, but negative public opinion hinders the deployment of genetically modified crops and livestock. Previous research shows negative consumer attitudes in the Global North to be primarily driven by limited trust and religiosity, but public opinion in the Global South remains largely unexplored. Here, analyzing individual attitudes across 142 countries with a random forest model, I show that people in low-income countries are significantly more positive towards genetically modified food than those living in high-income countries. Globally, individual attitudes are primarily determined by living standard, agricultural output, and prevalence of undernourishment. Country income levels also moderate how demographic characteristics predict attitudes on bioengineered food. Highly educated urban men are most optimistic about agricultural biotechnology in high-income countries, while women, individuals living in rural areas, and those with little education are the most hopeful demographic in low-income countries. These results indicate that individual views are largely determined by the societal benefits expected from agricultural biotechnology and suggest that the conditions for further deregulation of genetically modified food are most favorable in low-income countries.
Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest
Authors: Karell Daniel , linke andrew , Holland Edward C. , Hendrickson Edward
Published: May 2021

Does activity on hard-right social media lead to hard-right civil unrest? If so, why? We created a spatial panel dataset comprising hard-right social media use and incidents of unrest across the United States from January 2020 through January 2021. Using spatial regression analyses with core-based statistical area (CBSA) and month fixed effects, we find that greater CBSA-level hard-right social media activity in a given month is associated with an increase in subsequent unrest. The results of robustness checks, placebo tests, alternative analytical approaches, and sensitivity analyses support this finding. To examine why hard-right social media activity predicts unrest, we draw on an original dataset of users’ shared content and status in the online community. Analyses of these data suggest that hard-right social media shift users’ perceptions of norms, increasing the likelihood they will participate in contentious events they once considered taboo. Our study sheds new light on social media’s offline effects, as well as the consequences of increasingly common hard-right platforms.
Community Resilience to Climate-related Disasters in Bulakan, Bulacan: Implications for Disaster Management Service Provision
Authors: Peñalba Ericson H.
Published: May 2021

The vulnerability of rural and coastal communities to extreme climate change impacts poses serious concerns about the ability of people to build resilience. Using an ecological approach in understanding how community resilience is situated within multiple settings, this qualitative study examines the lay accounts of 30 residents and authorities who experienced three major natural disasters. A thematic network analysis of the interview responses surface six dominant organizing themes: sense of preparedness, sense of togetherness, effective leadership of local authorities, service provision at the macro level, rebuilding in a self-reliant manner, and preparedness for future disasters. The dominant themes are considered relevant in sustaining the capacity of the participants to respond to, cope with, and recover from adversity. The findings reveal that collective actions, which are further strengthened by the presence of care, support, and assistance emerging from every system level, support community resilience. Hence, disaster management interventions necessitate increased efforts for the implementation of awareness and sensitization campaigns, additional social welfare services, and information dissemination activities through the use of published communication materials.
Challenges and Prospects of Entrepreneurship Development and Job Creation For Youth: A Case Study of Birgunj, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Shiva Raj , Chaudhary Dipendra Kumar
Published: May 2021

This research paper is focused on youth employment and entrepreneurship development in Nepal. The objectives of this research paper are to investigate the obstacles that young people encounter when setting-up their businesses and to assess the issues related to youth unemployment in Birgunj, Nepal. This study adopted a descriptive research design and quantitative research methodology. 62 sample sizes was randomly selected from a population of 124 young entrepreneurs from different Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and industries, who formally registered their businesses on Birgunj Chamber of Commerce and Industries (BiCCI) at Birgunj, which promotes and develop entrepreneurship among youth in Birgunj.

               The findings were illustrated in tables, bars and pie charts, and the objectives of this study were met. The conclusion of this study revealed that most important obstacles that young entrepreneurs of Birgunj encounter while setting up their businesses, and subsequently operating their businesses include; financial constraint is the most critical bottleneck to start up a new business, lack of support structures, ineffective programs of Nepal government to support entrepreneurial development in Birgunj, high cost involvement and unclear business registration process, lack of business management skills, lack of business resources. The young entrepreneur is suffering from unfair competition. However, involvement of youth in entrepreneurial activities is also encouraging.
Numerical simulation of a polymer melting process using solar energy
Authors: Núñez González J. , Beltrán Morales A. , Rivero Corona M. , Vega Munguía J.
Published: May 2021

In this work, the melting process of a polymeric material is numerically investigated. In general, the heat required for melting plastics is obtained throughout electrical resistances or by burning fossil fuels. The heat transfer mechanisms of these common practices correspond to conduction and convection, respectively. This work explores the feasibility of using radiation as the primary mechanism of energy supply, which has not been widely studied. The energy to achieve the phase change from solid to liquid can be obtained by concentrated solar energy radiation. The total energy required is calculated solving the energy equation using the enthalpy formulation.  An explicit formulation with an enthalpy linearization was implemented in the Mathematica programming language and compared with the solution in the commercial softwares Ansys Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics showing a good agreement. Based upon numerical predictions, it is examined the effects of the relevant parameters, such as incident radiation and convective heat transfer coefficient, on the melting process. It is observed that under weather conditions commonly attained in different cities worldwide, with a radiation of 1000 W/m$^2$ and low convective losses with $h=8$ W/m$^2\cdot$K, the melting process of a cylindrical rod of 3/4 inches diameter can be carried out in around 2 hours.
Permeability simulation in an elastic deformable sandstone under stress changes
Authors: Vadillo-Sáenz M. E. , Aguilar-Gasteum P. F. , Díaz-Viera M. A. , Coronado M.
Published: May 2021

Fluid flow and rock mechanics become coupled in various important phenomena in Geosciences. In order to study this coupling, laboratory work has been carried out in triaxial cells along the years for various rock and fluid types at different confinement stress and pore pressure conditions. In a similar way, poromechanic models have been developed to simulate them, in which constitutive porosity and permeability correlation models in terms of strain, stress and fluid pressure have to be provided. However, to date, the applicability of the available correlation models to describe this phenomenon in different types of rock remains to be analyzed. In this work, a single-phase poroelastic model is applied to simulate a published geomechanical test performed in sandstones to examine the capacity of commonly used constitutive porosity and permeability correlations to describe the behavior of a homogeneous poroelastic medium. After discussing the results, we conclude that for this sandstone, the best permeability constitutive correlation model is Walder and Nur.
Proceso de descarga de un silo como una línea continua de ruido
Authors: Juárez J. R. Hernández , Lopez-Villa A. , Medina A. , Barroso V.
Published: May 2021

Durante el proceso de descarga de un material granular desde un silo, pueden surgir fenómenos de resonancia como la emisión de ondas acústicas. Esta contribución acústica es debida a la fricción entre los granos y la pared del silo acoplada con la generación y amplicación de ondas macánicas. En este trabajo se presentan algunos resultados experimentales correspondientes al proceso de descarga del silo considerado como una línea continua de ruido donde los patrones de radiación de la energía acústica dan cuenta de los efectos adversos como la contaminación acústica. Se propone que estos resultados son un análisis alternativo para evitar efectos acústicos no deseados en el proceso de descarga de silos.
Noise fiber lasers
Authors: Barmenkov Yuri O. , Muniz-Canovas Pablo , Kir'yanov Alexander V. , Minguela-Gallardo Josue Adin , Beltrán-Pérez Georgina , Cruz Jose Luis , Andres Miguel V.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present a brief review of the noise operation mode of fiber lasers. These lasers were studied recently by collaborative group that includes researchers, professors, and Ph.D. students from the Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, A.C. (Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico) and from the Universidad de Valencia (Valencia, Spain). Meanwhile, the pioneer works in this topic important for understanding the physics behind fiber lasers’ operation and for practical applications were done with the active participation of Dr. Evgeny Kuzin from the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (Puebla, Mexico) and Dr. Georgina Beltrán-Pérez from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (Puebla, Mexico), whose Ph.D. study was supervised by him. The fiber lasers under study were based on commercial erbium- and ytterbium-doped fibers as gain media and operated in continuous-wave and actively Q-switched regimes. All these fiber lasers were arranged in Fabry-Perot cavity configuration with fiber Bragg gratings as narrow-band reflectors. In the case of actively Q-switched lasers a standard fiberized acousto-optic modulator was placed close to the rear (100%) reflector. The most important conclusion of all the works grounding the present review is that, independently on laser operation regime, continuous wave or actively Q-switched, these fiber lasers operate in the extremely noise regime with the photon statistics described by Bose-Einstein distribution inherent to narrow-band thermal light sources.
Generation of dissipative soliton resonance in a fiber laser based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror
Authors: Duran Sánchez M. , Álvarez-Tamayo R. I. , Posada-Ramirez B. , Ibarra-Escamilla B. , Bello-Jimenez M. , Armas-Rivera I. , Prieto-Cortés P. , Kuzin E. A.
Published: May 2021

We experimentally demonstrate generation of mode-locked pulses in dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) regime. The DSR pulses are obtained from a passively mode-locked figure-8 Er:Yb doped fiber laser operating in large net anomalous dispersion regime. The modelocked laser emission is based on a polarization-imbalanced nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), acting as artificial saturable absorber. Stable square DSR pulses, obtained by carefully adjusting the NOLM properties, increase their duration from 2.47 ns to 46.52 ns as the pump power is increased from 0.68 to 6.31 W. With the maximum pump power launched, average output power of 73.95 mW with pulse energy of 53.39 nJ is achieved.