bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between central haemodynamics and renal function in advanced heart failure: a nationwide study from Sweden
Authors: Bobbio Emanuele , Bollano Entela , Polte Christian L. , Ekelund Jan , Rådegran Göran , Lundgren Jakob , Haggård Carl , Gjesdal Grunde , Braun Oscar , Bartfay Sven‐Erik , Bergh Niklas , Dahlberg Pia , Hjalmarsson Clara , Esmaily Sorosh , Haugen Löfman Ida , Manouras Aristomenis , Melin Michael , Dellgren Göran , Karason Kristjan
Published: May 2022

Aims

Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF) has traditionally been attributed to declining cardiac output and renal hypoperfusion. However, other central haemodynamic aberrations may contribute to impaired kidney function. This study assessed the relationship between invasive central haemodynamic measurements from right‐heart catheterizations and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in advanced HF.

Methods and results

All patients referred for heart transplantation work‐up in Sweden between 1988 and 2019 were identified through the Scandiatransplant organ‐exchange organization database. Invasive haemodynamic variables and mGFR were retrieved retrospectively. A total of 1001 subjects (49 ± 13 years; 24% female) were eligible for the study. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, and centre revealed that higher right atrial pressure (RAP) displayed the strongest relationship with impaired GFR [β coefficient −0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.69 to −0.48; P < 0.001], followed by lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β coefficient 0.29; 95% CI 0.14–0.37; P < 0.001), and finally reduced cardiac index (β coefficient 3.51; 95% CI 2.14–4.84; P < 0.003). A combination of high RAP and low MAP was associated with markedly worse mGFR than any other RAP/MAP profile, and high renal perfusion pressure (RPP, MAP minus RAP) was associated with superior renal function irrespective of the degree of cardiac output.

Conclusions

In patients with advanced HF, high RAP contributed more to impaired GFR than low MAP. A higher RPP was more closely related to GFR than was high cardiac index.
Multicomponent directional‐cum‐modal combination rule for seismic analysis: Theory and illustrations
Authors: Basu Dhiman , Vats Falak , Panchal Aniket
Published: May 2022

Since spectral representation of ground motion can capture the epistemic uncertainty and aleatory variability better than time series representation, direction‐cum‐modal combination rule plays the pivotal rule when incorporating the multicomponent excitations in seismic design and in assessing the seismic resilience. CQC is generally believed to be the best modal combination rule for unidirectional seismic excitation, but the directional combination rule is still at its infancy when six‐component seismic excitations are considered. Though a few extensions have been reported to account for more than one component, six‐component directional combination rule is still an open call. Directional‐cum‐modal combination rule is developed in this paper from the first principle to combine the modal responses of a structure subjected to six‐component ground motion with spectral representation as the 5% damped acceleration response spectra. In addition, the framework requires the power spectral shape of each component of excitations, directional correlation function for each pair of excitations, and duration of the event. With linear time history analysis as the benchmark, the proposed combination rule is compared against CQC as the modal combination rule with SRSS for the directional combination. Two numerical examples are presented including a 30‐storied building to emphasize the role of rotational (rocking) components. The proposed combination rule works much better if the recorded components of ground motion are used for structural analysis. However, the difference reduces if the recorded components of ground motion are rotated along‐and‐normal to the principal plane prior to analysis. This is verified against several suites of recorded ground motion.
Evaluation of electricity generation on GeSn single‐junction solar cell
Authors: Zhu Xinmiao , Cui Min , Wang Yu , Yu Tianjing , Li Qianying , Deng Jinxiang , Gao HongLi
Published: May 2022

Electricity generation of GeSn single‐junction solar cell has been carefully examined in both its p‐on‐n and n‐on‐p configurations in its normal and inverted structures. The superior p+/n construction with a critical doping of the light‐doped layer (Nd = 7.5 × 1018 cm−3) has been observed. For the normal one, the active layer should be composed of 50‐100 nm emitter and 3‐5 μm base to less material costs. Moreover, dislocation density and 1 MeV electron fluence should be lower than 1 × 105 cm−2 and 1 × 1010 cm−2, respectively, which is helpful for obtaining a preferable conversion efficiency. To explore lower cost solar cell, the simulated results might be favorable to guide experimental fabrication of GeSn devices.
Thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid cogeneration energy system based on compressed air energy storage with high temperature thermal energy storage and supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle
Authors: Cao Ruifeng , Ni Hexi , Wang Yufei , Duan Yanfeng
Published: May 2022

The large‐scale penetration of renewable energy leads to some imperative issues to the power grid. Energy storage technology is regarded as an effective method to solve these problems. In this paper, a hybrid cogeneration energy system based on compressed air energy storage system with high temperature thermal energy storage and supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is proposed. A thermodynamic model of the system is established. Energy and exergy analysis are carried out based on a case study. It was found that under the design condition, the round trip efficiency of 58.66%, the energy storage density of 5.45 kWh/m3, and the overall exergy efficiency of 62.00% can be achieved. At the same time, the hot water about 88°C can be supplied. The influences of some key parameters on the performance are analyzed. It was found that the round trip efficiency is most sensitive to the outlet temperature of high temperature thermal energy storage system, isentropic efficiency of compressors and turbines, followed by the intercoolers effectiveness.
Capsule‐shaped calcium and cobalt‐doped ZnO electrodes for high electrochemical supercapacitor performance
Authors: Nallapureddy Ramesh Reddy , Pallavolu Mohan Reddy , B Hemanth Kumar , Gutturu Rajasekhara Reddy , Merum Dhananjaya , Yedluri Anil Kumar , Joo Sang Woo
Published: May 2022

Metal co‐doping of metal oxide nanostructures is a promising approach for enhancing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Herein, calcium (Ca) and cobalt (Co) co‐doped ZnO capsules (Ca‐Co@ZnO) were fabricated using a facile and single‐step hydrothermal process. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the Ca‐Co@ZnO were analyzed using a range of characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ca‐Co@ZnO showed a remarkable supercapacitor performance in a 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance was 1020 F/g at a current density of 0.75 A/g, which was 3.2, 1.7, and 1.6 times higher than the pristine ZnO, Ca‐ZnO, and Co‐ZnO capsules, respectively. Ca‐Co@ZnO showed more than 50% capacity retention at a higher current density and strong cycling stability up to 5000 cycles with only 8% capacity loss. The Ca‐Co@ZnO//Ca‐Co@ZnO symmetric performance was also investigated. This device showed a specific capacitance of 187 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and an energy density of 25.9 Wh/kg at a power density of 556.6 W/kg. The superior performance was attributed to the fast electron accessibility, strong ion diffusion, and higher active sites. Overall, the superior electrochemical performance and novel structures could be beneficial for developing metal co‐doped metal oxide electrodes for supercapacitor applications.
On the determination of thermal boundary conditions for parameter identifications of thermo‐mechanically coupled material models
Authors: Rose Lars , Menzel Andreas
Published: May 2022

Identifiability and sensitivity of thermal boundary coefficients identified alongside thermal material parameters by means of full field measurements during a simple tension test are shown empirically using a simple tension test with self heating as a proof of concept. The identification is started for 10 different initial guesses, all of which converge toward the same optimum. The solution appears to be locally unique and parameters therefore independent, but a comparison against a reference solution indicates high correlation between three model parameters and the prescribed external temperatures required to model heat exchange with either air or clamping jaws. This sensitivity is further analyzed by rerunning the identification with different prescribed external temperatures and by comparing the obtained optimal parameter values. Although the model parameters are independent, optimal values for heat conduction and the heat transfer coefficients are highly correlated as well as sensitive with respect to a change, respectively, measurement error of the external temperatures. A precise fit on the basis of a simple tension test therefore requires precise measurements and a suitable material model which is able to accurately predict dissipated energy.
Abnormal interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity dynamics in drug‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Wei Yarui , Han Shaoqiang , Chen Jingli , Wang Caihong , Wang Weijian , Li Hong , Song Xueqin , Xue Kangkang , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang
Published: May 2022

Numerous studies indicate altered static local and long‐range functional connectivity of multiple brain regions in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, the temporal dynamics of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in schizophrenia patients with AVHs. We analyzed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data for drug‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia patients, 50 with AVHs and 50 without AVH (NAVH), and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral parts, and sliding‐window analysis was used to calculate voxel‐wise interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD). Finally, the correlation analysis was performed between abnormal dFCD variance and clinical measures in the AVH and NAVH groups. Compared with the NAVH group and healthy controls, the AVH group showed weaker interhemispheric dFCD variability in the left middle temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001), as well as stronger interhemispheric dFCD variability in the right thalamus (p < .001; p < .001) and right inferior temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001) and stronger intrahemispheric dFCD variability in the left inferior frontal gyrus (p < .001; p < .01). Moreover, abnormal contralateral dFCD variability of the left middle temporal gyrus correlated with the severity of AVHs in the AVH group (r = −.319, p = .024). The findings demonstrate that abnormal temporal variability of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dFCD in schizophrenia patients with AVHs mainly focus on the temporal and frontal cortices and thalamus that are pivotal components of auditory and language pathways.
Exome sequencing identifies PD‐L2 as a potential predisposition gene for lymphoma
Authors: Shao Jianming , Gao Lei , Leung Marco L. , Gallinger Bailey , Inglese Cara , Meyn M. Stephen , Del Gaudio Daniela , Das Soma , Li Zejuan
Published: May 2022

To investigate germline predisposition in lymphoma, we performed whole‐exome sequencing and discovered a novel variant (c.817‐1G>T) in programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD‐L2) in a family with early‐onset lymphomas and other cancers. The variant was present in the proband with follicular lymphoma and his son with Hodgkin's lymphoma. It was in the terminal splice acceptor site of PD‐L2 and embedded in a putative enhancer of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD‐L1). We also found that gene expression of PD‐L2, PD‐L1, and JAK2 was significantly increased. Using 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3′ RACE), we detected an abnormal PD‐L2 transcript in the son. Thus, the c.817‐1G>T variant may result in the elevated PD‐L2 expression due to the abnormal PD‐L2 transcript and the elevated PD‐L1 and JAK2 expression due to increased enhancer activity of PD‐L1 and JAK2. The PD‐L2 novel variant likely underlies the genetic etiology of the lymphomas in the family. As PD‐L2 plays critical roles in tumor immunity, identification of PD‐L2 as a germline predisposition gene may inform personalized immunotherapy in lymphoma patients.
Longitudinal dispersion affected by willow patches of low areal coverage
Authors: Västilä Kaisa , Oh Jungsun , Sonnenwald Fred , Ji Un , Järvelä Juha , Bae Inhyeok , Guymer Ian
Published: May 2022

Vegetation notably influences transport and mixing processes and can thus be used for controlling the fate of substances in the hydro‐environment. Whilst most work covers fully vegetated conditions, the novelty of this paper is to focus on flows with real‐scale flexible willow patches. We aimed to investigate how longitudinal dispersion varies according to the spatial distribution, density and coverage of the patches and to evaluate the explanatory power of predictors that consider the hydraulics, vegetation and channel geometry. Salt tracer experiments were performed in a trapezoidal channel where we established 3–4 m long and 1–1.6 m wide patches of artificial foliated willows that reproduced the shapes and plant densities observed on woody‐vegetated floodplains. We examined sparsely distributed patches with low areal/volumetric coverage of 6–11%, and non‐vegetated conditions for reference. Flow depths and surface widths were 0.7–0.9 and 6–7 m, respectively, and the mean flow velocities ranged at 0.3–0.6 m/s. The emergent patches generated from a negligible to over a four‐fold increase in the longitudinal dispersion when compared with non‐vegetated conditions. The patches with a preferential location in low‐velocity areas, such as near banks, or with a high plant density and a blockage of the cross‐sectional flow area ⪆0.4, led to the largest dispersion and residence times. Patches under such configurations enhanced the normalized differential velocity defined as the difference between the highest (90th percentile) and lowest (10th percentile) cross‐sectional flow velocities divided by the mean velocity, thus increasing shear dispersion. As existing analytical predictors failed to estimate the effect of different patch configurations, we proposed the change in the normalized differential velocity between vegetated and corresponding non‐vegetated conditions as a basic predictor of the reach‐scale longitudinal dispersion coefficient under patchy vegetation. In contrast, we observed no clear relationship between flow resistance and dispersion. Thus, our findings indicated that bankside vegetation may allow for reduced peak concentrations and lengthened residence times, supporting pollutant management, while ensuring good flow conveyance. Such rare field‐scale analyses improve the estimation of solute transport in real vegetated flows.
Study on painless gastroscopy and POCD of smoking patients under general anesthesia
Authors: Yu Wan‐Qiu , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Yang Xin‐Xin , Gong Tao‐Wu , Yu Zhen‐He , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Dong Liang , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: May 2022

The number of smoking patients receiving anesthesia and surgical treatment is increasing day by day. It will be useful for medical advancement to explore whether smoking is an independent risk factor for postoperative cognitive impairment. A double‐blind, parallel, and controlled study was conducted on 112 patients who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this study and planned to undergo painless gastroscopy under general anesthesia. The baseline mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores and basic information were collected. The changes in the MMSE scores after waking up and 3 days after anesthesia were observed, and the adverse events (respiratory adverse reactions, circulatory fluctuations, and adverse reactions, drug use, etc.) were analyzed by logistic regression. The baseline level of each group is consistent, which is worth studying. The MMSE score of the smoking group after anesthesia was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups 3 days after anesthesia. Among them, the differences in adverse events between the two groups were in terms of hiccup, postoperative cough, and SpO2 < 90% (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicates that smoking after anesthesia leads to the occurrence of postoperative cough. Smoking is probably an independent risk factor for post‐operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in early postoperative patients.
A nationwide certification system to increase the safety of highly advanced hepatobiliary‐pancreatic surgery
Authors: Otsubo Takehito , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Sano Keiji , Misawa Takeyuki , Katagiri Satoshi , Nakayama Hisashi , Suzuki Shuji , Watanabe Manabu , Ariizumi Shunichi , Unno Michiaki , Tanabe Minoru , Nagano Hiroaki , Kokudo Norihiro , Hirano Satoshi , Nakamura Masafumi , Shirabe Ken , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Yoshida Masahiro , Takada Yasutsugu , Nakagohri Toshio , Horiguchi Akihiko , Ohdan Hideki , Eguchi Susumu , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Sho Masayuki , Rikiyama Toshiki , Hatano Etsuro , Taketomi Akinobu , Fujii Tsutomu , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takada Tadahiro , Endo Itaru
Published: May 2022

Background

To ensure that highly advanced hepatobiliary‐pancreatic surgery (HBPS) is performed safely, the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery (JSHBPS) board certification system for expert surgeons established a safety committee to monitor surgical safety.

Methods

We investigated postoperative mortality rates based on summary reports of numbers and outcomes of highly advanced HBPS submitted annually by the board‐certified training institutions from 2012 to 2019. We also analyzed summary reports on mortality cases submitted by institutions with high 90‐day post‐HBPS mortality rates and recommended site visits and surveys as necessary.

Results

Highly advanced HBPS was performed in 121 518 patients during the 8‐year period. Thirty‐day mortality rates from 2012 to 2019 were 0.92%, 0.8%, 0.61%, 0.63%, 0.70%, 0.59%, 0.48%, and 0.52%, respectively (P < .001). Ninety‐day mortality rates were 2.1%, 1.82%, 1.62%, 1.28%, 1.46%, 1.22%, 1.19%, and 0.98%, respectively (P < .001). Summary reports were submitted by 20 hospitals between 2015 and 2019. Mortality rates before and after the start of report submission and audit were 5.72% and 2.79%, respectively (odds ratio 0.690, 95% confidence interval 0.487‐0.977; P = .037).

Conclusions

Development of a system for designation of board‐certified expert surgeons and safety management improved the mortality rate associated with highly advanced HBPS.
Hybrid dragonfly algorithm and pattern search optimized adaptive fuzzy PID controller for frequency regulation of multi microgrid system using Henkel matrix based reduced‐order model
Authors: Mishra Sonalika , Nayak Pratap Chandra , Prusty Ramesh Chandra , Panda Sidhartha
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes frequency regulation of multi microgrid systems. The system under study consists of wind energy, solar energy and energy storage system operating in dissimilar combinations to establish equilibrium among the production and consumer demand. In this proposed work, stability analysis of the concerned model is studied using the Henkel matrix approach of the reduced‐order model. Again, an attempt is made to apply the adaptive fuzzy proportional integral and derivative (AFPID) controller for frequency control of the system. The optimal gains of the controllers are tuned by reducing the integral time absolute error using a hybrid dragonfly algorithm supported by the pattern search (hDAPS) algorithm. The efficacy of the proposed adaptive fuzzy controller is examined with fuzzy PID and PID for different cases of the concern system. The efficacy of the hDAPS algorithm is justified over the genetic algorithm, dragonfly algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The robustness study also reveals that the systems are offering reduced overshoot and undershoot under different scenarios of load and source environment. To demonstrate expediency of the proposed controller sensitivity analysis was carried out under different loading conditions. In addition, to show the efficiency of the hDAPS tuned AFPID controller, the outcomes were associated with other artificial intelligence methods reported in the literature.
Comparison of flood simulation capabilities of a hydrologic model and a machine learning model
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Xiaomang , Bai Peng , Liang Kang , Liu Changming
Published: May 2022

Machine learning models have been widely used for flood simulation. Few studies have compared the flood simulation capabilities of machine learning models and hydrologic models. This study compared the flood simulation capabilities of the SIMHYD hydrologic model and the LSTM machine learning model in 232 basins with different climate conditions. The results show that although the LSTM model significantly outperforms the SIMHYD model in the calibration period, it has significant performance degradation in the validation period. Basin characteristics had limited impacts on the performance difference between the LSTM model and the SIMHYD model. The extension of the calibration period improves the performance of the LSTM model, while it has a limited impact on the performance of the SIMHYD model. Thus, machine learning models are recommended for simulating floods if enough training data are available, otherwise, hydrologic models could be a better choice. This study is helpful to the choice of flood simulation models in different situations.
Risk Factors for Functional Outcomes in Advanced Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee David S. , Lee Jake J. , Sinha Parul , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Adkins Douglas R. , Oppelt Peter , Brenneman Randall , Thorstad Wade L. , Pipkorn Patrik
Published: May 2022

Objective

Chemoradiation for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may achieve organ preservation, but appropriate patient selection remains unknown. This study investigates pre‐treatment risk factors associated with functional and survival outcomes after radiation‐based therapy in patients with advanced laryngeal SCC.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed on 75 adult patients with stage III or IV laryngeal SCC receiving definitive radiation‐based therapy from 1997 to 2016 at a tertiary care center. Tracheostomy and gastrostomy dependence were the primary functional outcomes. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate relationships between pre‐treatment factors and tracheostomy and gastrostomy dependence. Time‐to‐event analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with overall survival.

Results

Among 75 patients included in the analysis, 30 (40%) patients were tracheostomy dependent and 31 (41%) were gastrostomy tube dependent. The median length of follow‐up was 31 months (range = 1 to 142 months). Pre‐treatment tracheostomy was a significant predictor of post‐treatment tracheostomy (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI = 3.35 to 57.5) and moderate–severe comorbidity was a significant predictor of post‐treatment gastrostomy dependence (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.04 to 8.43). The five‐year overall survival was 51% (95% CI = 38 to 64%). Pre‐treatment gastrostomy tube dependence was associated with an increased risk of death (aHR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.09 to 5.53).

Conclusions

Baseline laryngeal functional status and overall health in advanced laryngeal SCC are associated with poor functional outcomes after radiation‐based therapy, highlighting the importance of patient selection when deciding between surgical and non‐surgical treatment plans. Laryngoscope, 133:594–600, 2023
Novel homozygous pathogenic mitochondrial DNAJC19 variant in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and global developmental delay
Authors: Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Alyafee Yusra , Alharbi Mashael , Ballow Maryam , Aldrees Mohammed , Alam Qamre , Sleiman Rola A. , Umair Muhammad , Alfadhel Majid
Published: May 2022

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome (DCMA) or 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type V is a rare global autosomal recessive mitochondrial syndrome that is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. It is characterized by early‐onset dilated cardiomyopathy and increased urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid. As a result, some patients die due to cardiac failure, while others manifest with growth retardation, microcytic anemia, mild ataxia, and mild muscle weakness. DCMA is caused by variants in the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C19 gene (DNAJC19), which plays an important role in mitochondrial protein import machinery in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Methods

We describe a single affected family member who presented with cardiomyopathy, global developmental delay, chest infection, seizures, elevated excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid, and 3‐methylglutaric acid in the urine.

Results

Whole‐exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in the reading frame starting at codon 54 in exon 4 in the DNAJC19 gene (c.159del [Phe54Leufs*5]), which results in a stop codon four positions downstream. Quantitative gene expression analysis revealed that DNAJC19 mRNA expression in this patient was substantially reduced compared to the control.

Conclusions

We present a novel variant in the DNAJC19 gene that causes rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type V. By comparing the current case with previously reported ones, we conclude that the disease is extremely heterogeneous for reasons that are still unknown.
Rare variant of TBL1XR1 in West syndrome: A case report
Authors: Shen Yajun , Yuan Meng , Luo Huan , Yang Zuozhen , Liang Mengmeng , Gan Jing
Published: May 2022

Background

West syndrome (WS) is an epileptic encephalopathy (EE) that begins in children 4–7 months of age (in rare cases older than 2 years). To date, over 30 genes that have been reported to be related to WS. Reports involving the extremely rare pathogenic gene, transducin beta‐like 1‐X‐ linked receptor 1(TBL1XR1) are quite limited.

Methods

We performed exome sequencing (ES) of family trios for this infant. We also collected and summarized the clinical data for reported heterozygous germline variants of TBL1XR1. Moreover, we reviewed all published cases and summarized the clinical features and genetic variants of TBL1XR1.

Results

ES revealed a de novo variant in TBL1XR1 [NM_024665.5: exon4: c.187G > A (p.Glu63Lys)]. This variant was classified as likely pathogenic according to the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guidelines and was verified by Sanger sequencing. Further conservation analyses revealed a high conservation among several species. There was clinical heterogeneity among all patients with TBL1XR1‐related West syndrome.

Conclusion

Our results expand the pathogenic variant spectrum of TBL1XR1 and strengthen the pathogenic evidence of TBL1XR1 in West syndrome.
Organ‐level internal dosimetry for intra‐hepatic‐arterial administration of 99mTc‐macroaggregated albumin
Authors: Kappadath S. Cheenu , Lopez Benjamin P.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

There are no published data on organ doses following intra‐hepatic‐arterial administration of 99mTc‐macroaggregated‐albumin (IHA 99mTc‐MAA) routinely used in 90Y‐radioembolization treatment planning to assess intra‐ and extra‐hepatic depositions and calculate lung‐shunt‐fraction (LSF). We propose a method to model the organ doses following IHA 99mTc‐MAA that incorporates three in vivo constituent biodistributions, the 99mTc‐MAA that escape the liver due to LSF, and the 99mTc‐MAA dissociation fraction (DF).

Methods

The potential in vivo biodistributions for IHA 99mTc‐MAA are: Liver‐Only MAA with all activity sequestered in the liver (LSF = 0&DF = 0), Intravenous MAA with all activity transferred intravenously as 99mTc‐MAA (LSF = 1&DF = 0), and Intravenous Pertechnetate with all activity is transferred intravenously as 99mTc‐pertechnetate (LSF = 0&DF = 1). Organ doses for Liver‐Only MAA were determined using OLINDA/EXM 2.2, where liver was modeled as the source organ containing 99mTc‐MAA, while those for Intravenous MAA and Intravenous Pertechnetate were from ICRP 128. Organ doses for the general case can be determined as a weighted‐linear‐combination of the three constituent biodistributions depending on the LSF and DF. The maximum‐dose scenario was modeled by selecting the highest dose rate for each organ amongst the three constituent cases.

Results

For Liver‐Only MAA, the liver as source organ received the highest dose at 98.6 and 126 mGy/GBq for the adult male and adult female phantoms, respectively; all remaining organs received <27 and <32 mGy/GBq. For Intravenous MAA, the lung as source organ received the highest dose at 66 and 97 mGy/GBq; all remaining organs received <16 and <21 mGy/GBq. The organ with the highest dose for Intravenous Pertechnetate was the upper‐large‐intestinal wall at 56 and 73 mGy/GBq; all remaining organs received <26 and <34 mGy/GBq. The liver and lung doses for the maximum‐dose scenario with 5 mCi (185 MBq) 99mTc‐MAA were estimated at 18.2 and 12.2 mGy, and 23.3 and 17.9 mGy, for the adult male and adult female phantoms, respectively.

Conclusion

Organ dose estimates following IHA 99mTc‐MAA based on constituent biodistribution models and patient‐specific LSF and DF values have been derived. Liver and lung were the organs with highest dose, receiving at most 15–25 mGy in the maximum‐dose scenario, following 5 mCi IHA 99mTc‐MAA.
Point‐of‐care magnetic resonance technology to measure liver fat: Phantom and first‐in‐human pilot study
Authors: Barahman Mark , Grunvald Eduardo , Prado Pablo J. , Bussandri Alejandro , Henderson Walter C. , Wolfson Tanya , Fowler Kathryn J. , Sirlin Claude B.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To assess feasibility and accuracy of point‐of‐care (POC) NMR‐proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in phantoms and in a human pilot study in a POC setting.

Methods

POC NMR (LiverScope, Livivos, San Diego CA) PDFF measurements were obtained of certified phantoms with known PDFF values (0%‐40%). In an institutional review board‐approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant prospective human study, a convenience sample of participants from an obesity clinic was enrolled (November 2020 to June 2021). The inclusion criteria required body mass index (BMI) = 27‐40 kg/m2 and willingness to undergo POC NMR and MRI‐PDFF measurements. Liver PDFF was measured by POC NMR and, within 35 days after, by a confounder corrected CSE MRI PDFF acquisition and reconstruction method. The adverse events were documented and linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

POC NMR‐PDFF measurements agreed with known phantom PDFF values (R2 = 0.99). Fourteen participants were enrolled in the pilot human study. MRI‐PDFF could not be obtained in 4 participants (claustrophobia reaction, n = 3, exceeded size of MR scanner bore, n = 1). POC NMR was unevaluable in 2 participants (insufficient signal penetration depth, n = 1, failure to comply with instructions, n = 1). Technical success was 11 of 13 (85%) for POC NMR PDFF. In 7 participants (4 female; 31‐74 years old; median BMI 35 kg/m2), MRI‐PDFF (range, 2.8%‐18.1%), and POC NMR‐PDFF (range, 3%‐25.2%), agreed with R2 = 0.94. POC NMR had no adverse events.

Conclusion

POC NMR measures PDFF accurately in phantoms and, in a first‐in‐human pilot study, is feasible and accurate in adults with obesity. Further testing to determine precision and accuracy across larger and more diverse cohorts is needed.
Pulmonary embolism associated with oral cancer: A three‐case report and literature review
Authors: Uchida Fumihiko , Yamagata Kenji , Takaoka Shohei , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Bukawa Hiroki
Published: May 2022

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is known to occur frequently during the perioperative period. Particularly, patients with oral cancer (OC) who undergo reconstructive surgery are at risk of VTE in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Additionally, chemotherapy is an independent risk factor for thromboembolic events in patients with cancer.

Case Presentation

In this report, we present three cases that developed PE during OC treatment. One case developed PE during chemotherapy, and the other two cases developed PE and DVT during chemoradiotherapy and the perioperative period.

Conclusion

Before treatment, the risk assessment should be undertaken in patients with OC who undergo surgery or chemotherapy.
Physical mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of new developed composites with Grewia optiva fiber and pan material
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Mehta Vikas , Kumar Sushil , Grewal Jaswinder Singh , Ali Safarat , Kashyap Kamal , Kumar Nitin , Devi Seema
Published: May 2022

This research article has developed a novel composite material using natural fiber and PAN fiber. The study aims to remove harmful materials from the composites on the market these days. Asbestos and aramid fiber has good properties and is used in those composites where good mechanical properties are needed. However, using these materials causes many environmental issues and harms humans and other animals. There are very rare studies of PAN and natural fiber based hybrid composites. So Grewia optiva, which has good mechanical properties, and PAN fiber, which has good tribological properties, has been used to develop composites. The percentages of both materials were taken (4–16 wt%) with other ingredients such as phenolic resin, G. optiva fiber, PAN fiber/Kevlar, and lapinus ceramic, potassium barium, titan, mica, and ceramic. The developed composites have shown physical, mechanical, and tribological properties.
Evaluating adherence to concomitant diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia treatments and intermediate outcomes among elderly patients using marginal structural modeling
Authors: Paranjpe Rutugandha , Johnson Michael L. , Chen Hua , Birtcher Kim , Serna Omar , Mohan Anjana , Abughosh Susan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Medication adherence to concomitant oral antidiabetics, statins, and renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) antagonists (triple therapy) is vital to manage glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) control among patients with comorbid diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between adherence to concomitant triple therapy and A1C as well as LDL‐C outcomes, among elderly patients using marginal structural modeling.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study with patients on concurrent triple therapy was conducted using a Texas Medicare Advantage database from January 2016 until December 2019. Medication adherence to concurrent triple therapy was measured every 6 months using proportion of days covered (PDC) to determine the different adherence groups. A1C and LDL‐C control was also measured every 6 months. A marginal structural model controlling for baseline covariates and time‐varying confounders affected by prior adherence was conducted to evaluate the association between adherence to concomitant triple therapy and A1C and LDL‐C control.

Results

The LDL‐C cohort was comprised of 4803 patients and the A1C cohort was comprised of 5314 patients on triple therapy. Patients who were adherent to triple therapy [odds ratio(OR):1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62–2.10] and adherent to double therapy (OR:1.42, 95% CI: 1.24–1.62) were more likely to have their LDL‐C in control as compared to patient's adherent to monotherapy/none. Similarly, patients who were adherent to triple therapy (OR:1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52) and adherent to double therapy (OR:1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.55) were more likely to have their A1C in control as compared to patient's adherent to monotherapy/none.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrated the beneficial effects of adherence to concurrent oral antidiabetics, statins, and RAS antagonists among elderly patients in a real‐world setting.
Complete coverage path planning and performance factor analysis for autonomous bulldozer
Authors: Li Rao , Zhou Cheng , Dou Quanli , Hu Bin
Published: May 2022

With the development of intelligent machinery, path planning of autonomous bulldozers plays an important role to solve the problems of efficiency in future construction sites. How to plan the path that meets the construction requirements is the key problem. This study investigates the standardized construction workmanship and moving rules of the bulldozer to add rules and path selection strategies to the algorithm. This study establishes the path planning model of bulldozer's leveling, considering the limitations of the traditional bioinspired neural network algorithm, an improved complete coverage path planning method is proposed. An integrated framework is proposed for an automatic bulldozer with a sensor system for a field experiment to verify the feasibility of the method. According to the comparative statistical simulation results, the effectiveness of the method is verified, and the effects of different factors on the path planning results are analyzed.
A systematic framework for continuous monitoring of land use and vegetation dynamics in multiple heterogeneous mine sites
Authors: Jiang Yan , Liu Shuguang , Liu Maochou , Peng Xi , Liao Xiaoping , Wang Zhao , Gao Haiqiang
Published: May 2022

Vegetation dynamics and land use information are significant for a better understanding of the ecological consequences of multiple mining activities. However, the high spatial heterogeneity of mine sites and diverse disturbance and recovery pathways make it a challenge to understand the dynamics of multiple mine sites over large areas. Here, we proposed a general framework for continuous monitoring of land use and vegetation dynamics in multiple mine sites and applied it to Pingxiang, China. First, annual land use and land cover (LULC) maps from 2000 to 2019 were generated using a modified Continuous Change Detection and Classification approach (CCDC). Second, the locations and extents of 86 mine sites on different scales were mapped individually and then aggregated into five groups according to the similarity and differences of vegetation change. Vegetation dynamics showed great heterogeneity across sites driven primarily by the spatial‐temporal variation in types and intensity of land use activities in and around the mine sites. We found the impact distance was typically 500–700 m in the region, but can be smaller than the potential impact distance in areas with land use activities. The long‐term slow recovery of vegetation conditions at some sites indicates that it might be a challenge to improve vegetation conditions naturally in a short time and human‐assisted restoration measures may be required. The systematic framework proposed in this study can be used to establish comprehensive and spatially‐explicit mine datasets at the regional scale, essential for understanding the dynamics and ecological consequences of multiple mining activities and coordinated management and restoration of heterogeneous mine sites.
Harnessing the Defects at Hetero‐Interface of Transition Metal Compounds for Advanced Charge Storage: A Review
Authors: Li Jin , Yang Hongye , Wu Jianghua , Sun Shuo , Zhai Teng , Xia Hui
Published: May 2022

The ability of transition metal compounds (TMCs; e.g., transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides) to achieve maximum energy and power density is undermined by their marginal electrical and ionic conductivity. There has been rapidly growing interest in a paradigm enabled by the construction of heterostructured TMCs over the past decades because it can increase the charge transport and storage capabilities of TMC‐based electrodes. The introduction of defects is a critical tool that allows the manipulation of heterostructures by altering the electronic structure and stress field. In this way, the electrochemical performance of the material can be optimized. Herein, recent progress in the development of heterostructured TMCs from the perspective of defects is comprehensively discussed. It is emphasized the mechanisms by which defects influence the electrochemical performance of heterostructures and effective strategies to incorporate the 0D to 2D defects (vacancies, elemental doping, lateral hetero‐interface, lattice mismatch, etc.) around the hetero‐interface, which is a focus that differs from previous reviews of heterostructured TMCs. Related problems and future directions in the defect chemistry of heterostructured TMCs are also discussed. This review highlights the significance of defects for guiding the rational design of TMC electrodes for use in advanced energy storage devices.
Coeliac disease re‐screening among once seronegative at‐risk relatives: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Paavola Saana , Kurppa Kalle , Huhtala Heini , Saavalainen Päivi , Lindfors Katri , Kaukinen Katri
Published: May 2022

Background

Serological screening of the relatives of coeliac disease patients is widely endorsed. However, the need for and the optimal timing of possible re‐testing of once seronegative at‐risk individuals for coeliac disease remain unclear.

Objective

We investigated this issue by inviting a large cohort of previously screening‐negative relatives of patients with coeliac disease to participate in a follow‐up study.

Methods

Altogether 599 relatives of coeliac disease index patients not diagnosed with coeliac disease in a screening study carried out in 2006–2010 were asked about possible later diagnosis or re‐tested with coeliac disease autoantibodies in 2017–2021. Besides incidence, the possible impact of various patient‐related clinical factors and HLA haplotype on the later diagnosis or screening positivity was examined.

Results

Fifteen (2.5%) relatives were either diagnosed with a coeliac disease (n = 8) during the follow‐up period or were found to be screening‐positive in the re‐testing (n = 7), giving a combined annual incidence of 221/100,000 person‐years in all relatives and 336/100,000 among those carrying coeliac disease‐associated HLA DQ2/DQ8. The new cases more often carried the high‐risk (DQ2.5/2.5 or DQ2.5/2.2; 35.7% vs. 7.4%, respectively, p < 0.001) HLA and were younger at initial screening (23.3 vs. 40.5 years, p = 0.028) and – in spite of a negative screening outcome – had higher median transglutaminase antibody level in the first study than those not affected. There were no significant differences between the affected and non‐affected relatives in other demographic data, degree of kinship with the index, current symptoms or frequency of chronic co‐morbidities.

Conclusion

The incidence rate for later coeliac disease diagnosis or new seropositivity in relatives who had been tested once was 221/100,000 person‐years in all and 336/100,000 among those carrying at‐risk HLA genetics after ∼10 years of follow‐up. HLA‐typing could help to target a subgroup of relatives who would benefit most from re‐testing.
Detecting Circadian Rhythms in Human Red Blood Cells by Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Beale Andrew D. , Labeed Fatima H. , Kitcatt Stephen J. , O’Neill John S.
Published: May 2022

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) enables the measurement of population-level electrophysiology in many cell types by examining their interaction with an externally applied electric field. Here we describe the application of DEP to the measurement of circadian rhythms in a non-nucleated cell type, the human red blood cell. Using DEP, population-level electrophysiology of ~20,000 red blood cells can be measured from start to finish in less than 3 min, and can be repeated over several days to reveal cell-autonomous daily regulation of membrane electrophysiology. This method is amenable to the characterization of circadian rhythms by altering entrainment and free-run conditions or through pharmacological perturbation.
Gauging the bulk: generalized gauging maps and holographic codes
Authors: Dolev Kfir , Calvera Vladimir , Cree Samuel S. , Williamson Dominic J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Gauging is a general procedure for mapping a quantum many-body system with a global symmetry to one with a local gauge symmetry. We consider a generalized gauging map that does not enforce gauge symmetry at all lattice sites, and show that it is an isometry on the full input space including all charged sectors. We apply this generalized gauging map to convert global-symmetric bulk systems of holographic codes to gauge-symmetric bulk systems, and vice versa, while preserving duality with a global-symmetric boundary. We separately construct holographic codes with gauge-symmetric bulk systems by directly imposing gauge-invariance constraints onto existing holographic codes, and show that the resulting bulk gauge symmetries are dual to boundary global symmetries. Combining these ideas produces a toy model that captures several interesting features of holography — it exhibits a rudimentary sort of dynamical duality, can be modified to demonstrate the relationship between metric fluctuations and approximate error-correction, and serves as an illustration for certain no-go theorems concerning symmetries in holography. Finally, we apply the generalized gauging map to construct codes with arbitrary transversal gate sets — for any compact Lie group, we use a symmetry-preserving truncation scheme to construct covariant finite-dimensional approximate holographic codes.
Beeinflusst NoL-Monitoring den Opioidbedarf bei Da-Vinci-Prostatektomien?
Authors: Niebhagen F. , Golde C. , Koch T. , Hübler M.
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Die Gabe von Opioiden zur Schmerzunterdrückung spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der modernen Anästhesiologie. Messungen von Hypnosetiefe und Muskelrelaxierung sind im Gegensatz zur Schmerzmessung seit Jahren etabliert. Seit Kurzem ist das PMD200 („Pain Monitoring System“; Fa. Medasense Biometrics™ Ltd., Ramat-Gan, Israel) verfügbar. Dieser Schmerzmonitor misst nichtinvasiv und errechnet einen dimensionslosen Schmerzindex („nociceptor level“, NoL). Die Validität und Zuverlässigkeit des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand von klinischen Studien.

Fragestellung

Reduziert die Verwendung des PMD200 die Gabe von Analgetika während einer Da-Vinci-Prostatektomie?

Material und Methoden

In die Studie wurden 50 Patienten aufgenommen. Nach gewichtsadaptierter Sufentanilgabe zur Narkoseinduktion und einem 10 µg Bolus vor Hautschnitt erfolgte die intraoperative Analgesie durch subjektive Entscheidung (CONT) oder aufgrund eines erhöhten NoL-Index (INT). Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte durch Mann-Whitney-U-, Kolmogorow-Smirnow-Test und Levene-Statistik.

Ergebnisse

In der INT-Gruppe war die Anzahl der Sufentanilboli/h nicht signifikant geringer als in der CONT-Gruppe (p = 0,065). Die Varianz der Sufentanilgaben unterschied sich signifikant (p = 0,033). In der CONT-Gruppe war die Applikation normal verteilt (p = 0,2), in der INT-Gruppe hingegen nicht (p = 0,003).

Diskussion

Eine mögliche Interpretation der Daten ist, dass die Schmerzmittelgabe in der INT-Gruppe individualisierter erfolgte, d. h., es wurden nichterforderliche Schmerzmittelgaben vermieden, und gleichzeitig detektierte das NoL-Monitoring einzelne Patienten mit deutlich erhöhtem Schmerzmittelbedarf. Diese Schlussfolgerung ist nur unter der Voraussetzung zulässig, dass das PMD200 auch tatsächlich die Entität Schmerz misst.