bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Nodules of Thyroid Gland, Using Tissue Diagnosis as Gold Standard
Authors:   Children Hospital, Multan, Zahra Mahwish
Published: June 2022

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in differentiating benign from malignant nodules of thyroid gland by using tissue diagnosis as a gold standard. Study Design: Co-relational Analytical study. Place and Duration: At Department of Radiology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan from 1st October 2017 to 1st October 2018. Methodology: A total of seventy patients (of both genders) were recruited for this study who clinically presented with palpable thyroid nodule. The patients who had any previous surgery of thyroid, thyroid malignancy (proven by biopsy), claustrophobic and with contraindications to Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy that is cardiovascular implanted electronic devices were excluded. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was done for Choline Peak and Choline/Creatine ratio to assess thyroid nodule and results were then compared with tissue diagnosis. Results: among total of 70 patients, malignant thyroid nodules diagnosed in 51 (72.85%) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy shows true positive in 96.07% (n=49) patients and with and among them 93.87% (n=46) were found to be true positive while 6.13% were false positive. Among 24 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy negative patients, 16 were true negative while 05 were false negative patients (p=0.0001). Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodule taking tissue diagnosis as gold standard was 93.51%, 84.35%, 95.24%, 79.51% 91.40% respectively. Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is an extremely sensitive and noninvasive tool which gives accurate method for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Thyroid Nodules, Benign, Malignant, Tissue, Diagnosis, Sensitivity
De ministeriële beschikking
Authors: Rogier L.J.J.
Published: June 2022

De ministeriële beschikking

Een ministeriële ‘beschikking’ kan geen algemeen verbindend voorschrift inhouden, noch een beleidsregel, een plan of een concretiserend besluit van algemene strekking. Zij kan naar haar inhoud alleen een schriftelijk besluit zijn van een minister, inhoudende een publiekrechtelijke rechtshandeling die niet van algemene strekking is, zoals een verblijfsvergunning voor een vreemdeling. Alleen een dergelijk soort besluit is als beschikking aan te merken.
Zoomvergaderingen
Authors: Burgers H.Th.M.
Published: June 2022

Zoomvergaderingen

Gedurende COVID-19 werd er veelvuldig online vergaderd door aandeelhouders en leden van verenigingen van eigenaren. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de vraag in hoeverre rechtsgeldige besluiten tot stand kunnen komen tijdens Zoom resp. online vergaderingen
Dublagem com fins educacionais: uma possibilidade de uso da rede social YouTube para o ensino de ciências
Authors: Alves Sobral Júnior Geraldo , Lima dos Santos Jullius César , Moreira de Lima Filho Adalberon , Lima Barbosa José Isnaldo de
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a dublagem com fins educacionais como uma ferramenta de produção de conteúdo multimídia para o ensino de ciências, assim como, validar o vídeo educativo com a temática de física dublado no projeto. A pesquisa foi realizada entre janeiro de 2019 e janeiro de 2021, com as seguintes etapas: busca de vídeos educativos sobre física em canais de divulgação científica do YouTube em inglês, classificação dos vídeos por um especialista, contato com os proprietários dos canais para solicitação de permissão de uso dos vídeos, dublagem dos vídeos, validação dos vídeos dublados por professores e por estudantes do nível médio. Para a validação foi utilizada escala Likert com cinco pontos, sendo considerados validados os itens com Índice de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC) superior a 0,78. O vídeo educativo dublado foi aprovado com IVC global médio de 0,910 por professores e 0,858 por estudantes, considerando-se tanto aspectos técnicos quanto educacionais. Deste modo, a metodologia desenvolvida ao longo do projeto mostrou-se efetiva para a seleção e dublagem de vídeos educacionais.
Green Mind-Set Factors Towards Social Innovation: The Malaysian Consumer Perspective
Authors: Yazid Esa Nawal Esa
Published: June 2022

This conceptual paper seeks to understand the concept of green mind-set that contributes to social innovation in the perspective of consumers in Malaysia. The focus is to explore the green mind-set factors which include green conscience, nurtured values and religiosity that will influence the consumers to develop social innovation. The trend indicates that consumers’ willingness to act in favour of preserving the environment potentially relies on their mind-set. Furthermore, consumer purchase behaviour that is in favour of the environment will potentially develop into social
innovation. Therefore, in this paper, consumer purchase behaviour acts as the moderator that influence social innovation. This includes green practices and behaviour for the benefit of the people, the economy and the environment. The method to be used in collecting data for this study will be quantitative method with the use of questionnaires. Target respondents will be Malaysian consumers. The result of this study is expected to reveal the significance of the relationship between each variable involved, whether they are positively or negatively related. This study is also
expected to evoke a stronger spirit of environmentalism particularly in the area of consumerism that will benefit towards social innovation.
Motivation, Satisfaction and Intention to Re-volunteering at Special Event
Authors: Adanan Akmal , Saari Izni Syamsina , Abdul Karim Noor Ibtisam
Published: June 2022

Mega sports events have successfully attracted the interests of individuals to volunteering. In the volunteering process, the volunteers gained valuable experiences for themselves and their future. However, to what extent the motives to volunteering affect satisfaction is still less in focus. This study aimed to explore the volunteers' motivation towards their overall satisfaction. In addition, the association between overall volunteering satisfaction and the intention to re-volunteering is determined. This study utilized primary survey data that was led among the volunteers of Aquathlon Melaka 2020. A descriptive research design using a quantitative approach was applied. Results showed that altruism and intrinsic motivation were significantly contributed to the satisfaction towards volunteering. The majority of respondents were satisfied with volunteering the event and
intent to re-volunteering the event in the future. The insights will provide excitement to the event organizers to improve the complex tasks in managing volunteers in organizing events.
Nödvändigheten av att integrera olika maktförståelser
Authors: Nilsson Frida
Published: June 2022

In this article Frida Nilsson argues that feminist intersectional studies need to clarify different theoretical understandings of power. Empirical examples from her research in South Africa are used to exemplify the need to integrate cultural and structural understandings of power. Nilsson has interviewed ANC-women politicians about their views on lobola/bridewealth, which is a politically controversial institution widely supported both amongthe politicians interviewed and amongthe African population in general. In pre-colonial societies lobola was constituted by gifts of cattle from the husband's family to the wife's in marriage. The institution was central to the whole organisation of society and regulated, not only the relationship between husband and wife but also that of families and lineages in an intricate web of relations. The institution has undergone fundamental changes with capitalism, missionary activities and apartheid. The "extended family" does not have the same position as before in relation to the wedded couple and money is often used as means of payment. The new forms of lobola is often spöken of as a payment fora woman.The women interviewed describes this objectification of women into goods as the form of lobola which is oppressive but which is also described as a misuse of lobola by men. They make a clear distinction between this form of lobola and "good lobola" which is described as positive tie between families. The clear distinction between good and bad lobola is followed by other discursive distinctions which are interpreted as a discursive strategy to legitimise lobola but which is also coupled with an individualisation and de-politiciation of the institution - the discursive strategy makes "good lobola" seem like a choice every woman is free to make individually irrespective of structures of gender-related power. Women who are negative to lobola in their personal lives and regard it as oppressive to women, also use the mentioned legitimising discourses on lobola in a general discussion of the institution. Nilsson interprets the discursive strategy as a discourse on African identity in the face of colonial discourses on lobola. Furthermore, the same legitimising discourse on lobola may be interpreted as a discursive strategy, which attempts to create a space for action in relation to racist and patriarchal structures.
Professorn och kärleken - Sexuella trakasserier i fiktion och verklighet
Authors: Sarrimo Cristine
Published: June 2022

"The professor in love: Sexual harassment in fiction and real life", by Cristine Sarrimo, senior lecturer in culture studies. Our scholarly and scientific ideals rarely allow the professional subject to be contextually situated; the researcher and teacher is supposed to have a strictly rational and objective approach, not only to his or her own profession, but also on matters involving passions and feelings. These rational ideals are based on the assumption that the division between reason and emotion, and the private and public, is possible to maintain. But academic institutions and their regulative authorities must handle emotionally charged conflicts. These disciplining procedures, meant to regulate the private and emotive sphere, are in reality a central part of how the academic subject is constituted. A comparative discourse analysis, based on J M Coetzee's novel Disgrace and an authentic case of sexual harassment, involving a professor and his student at a Swedish university, shows that it is necessary for the accused to embrace an emotive discourse, with religious and legal confessional traits, if he desires to protect his rationally constructed professionalism. Coetzee's heroe refuses to confess and is consequently disgracefully dismissed. Ethical dilemmas arise concerning the status of truth and the confessional, but power- and gender relations are also influenced in an intricate manner. The public and private, the emotive and rational, is intertwined in a complicated relational process, where professional and gender hierarchies shift. This leads to the conclusion thatthe professional academic subject is exposed to a discursively regulated disciplining process in which the supposed repression of emotion is essential, and therefore one of the subjecfs most constitutive traits.
Handling som kunskapande. En kunskapskritisk reflexion över konstnären och designern som forskare
Authors: Gislén Ylva
Published: June 2022

The article consists in a discussion of the epistemological implications of the knowledge claims in practice-based research. Rather than arguing a special case for knowledge in art and design, it tries to problematize what is often taken for granted in the distinction between theory and practice, as well as between formal scientific method and creative action. Thus the question is posed: how come knowledge in praxis, creation and action seems problematic in relation to conventional scientific epistemology? Point of departure is the problems and failures of the design theory movement, as well as different attempts to reconcile and negotiate what is often described as a ”structural anxiety”, in the relation between practice based and conventional research. This is analyzed in relation to the complex and intricate picture of how research actually is done, as well as to the critique of conventional scientific epistemology and scientific self-image, offered by the last decades science- and technology studies, most notably from a feminist perspective. With subsequent attempts to envisage a different, more responsible, kind of research: in the concepts of situated knowledges, strong objectivity and in the relentless insisting on the active and necessary it is not only possible, but also more interesting and fruitful, to couple the question of practicebased research. What was seen as problematic in relation to conventional scientific epistemology, the situatedness and embodiedness, the difficulties in making generalizations, the role of artefacts, is here seen as a strength. It does not, however, say that anything goes: it rather sets up a different set of standards for good knowledge construction which can be summarized as a critical including of our positions and aims (relevance), a radical curiosity and humbleness in the meeting with that, or those, we regard as our objects of knowledge, and a recognition of the controversies, value conflicts and insecurities that lies at the heart of the political projects we inevitably are involved in. And that practice-based research thus, especially coupled with the critical and constructive perspective of feminist epistemology, can offer new paths and models also for more conventional areas of knowledge production.
Interiören ur Privat och offentligt. Modern arkitektur som massmedium
Authors: Colomina Beatriz
Published: June 2022

Vilken berättelse gömmer en interiör? Genom att analysera blickens betydelse, insida och utsida gör Beatriz Colomina en djupgående rumsanalys av Adolf Loos arkitektur. Hon ser hur Loos genom att lösa upp gränser attackerar kärnfamiljen, men också skapar nya genusordningar.
Ett rum med utsikt
Authors: Bonnevier Katarina
Published: June 2022

Går det att rucka på husens tröghet och sega strukturer? Katarina Bonnevier lyfter fram kvinnliga arkitekters motmakt för att tänka nytt och visa att rum går att förvandla.
Hem ljuva hem
Authors: Thörn Catharina
Published: June 2022

Alla människor har inte egen bostad, inte ens i Sverige. Hur ser hemlösa kvinnors situation ut? Och varför bedöms kvinnors hemlöshet annorlunda än mäns?
Det tänkandeskrivande subjektet
Authors: Livholts Mona
Published: June 2022

This article is an experimental and critical text with the aim of addressing methodological issues of forms for academic writing in Swedish gender research. In the focus of interest lays a methodological paradox: at the same time as gender research sets out to analyse complex issues of power relations and normativity, dominance and homogeneity, mainstream theory has continued to dominate through traditional forms of academic writing. The thinkingwriting subject can be understood as a strategy for academic writing across genre, stile, time and space, and a commitment to critical reflexive research practice. The article applies a personal narrative approach and argues for a post/academic writing strategy, which make use of a style and tone to present authoring as active and powerful, and as a process between and beyond personal, essayist and discursive. The interweaving of textuality, visuality, spatiality and voice characterises the process of writing, and doubts are represented as an important impetus in relation to time and change. The question of what is an author is elaborated through the text, for example by seeking dialogue with other researchers through memory and letter writing. The reader is invited to reconsider moments where the methodological postulate is challenged. The article concludes by providing the reader extra material about the article and the author.
Klass är komplicerat!
Authors: Vera -Zavala America
Published: June 2022

Går arbetarklass verkligen att använda som begrepp eller har det spelat ut sin roll? Och vad betyder det ur ett demokratiskt kvinnoperspektiv?
Postperspektiv på antidiskriminerande undervisning i engelska, matematik och samhälls- och naturorienterande ämnen
Authors: K. Kumashiro Kevin
Published: June 2022

What could it mean for educators within the “core disciplines” to teach in ways that challenge multiple forms of oppression? This article explores the implications of various post perspectives on anti-oppressive education – especially poststructuralist perspectives – for social studies, English, mathematics, and science classrooms. The author focuses on two main theoretical contstructs: unknowability, multiplicity, and looking beyond the known; and resistance, crisis, and resignifying the self. The post perspectives on anti-oppressive teaching and teacher education resist offering utopian practices. Instead they suggest approaches to troubling our practices and imagining different possibilities for teaching and learning. By looking beyond the repetition of commonsense and tradition, they offer insights that can help improve the educational experiences of all our students.
Toy story. En vetenskaplig kritik av forskning om apors leksakspreferenser
Authors: Ah-King Malin
Published: June 2022

Biological sex differences have long been used as arguments justifying male dominance and sexist oppression. Animal studies of sex differences are used to claim that human sex roles have a long evolutionary history. In a study of toy preferences in vervet monkeys, the authors conclude that sex-differentiated object preferences arose early in human evolution. In this paper I scrutinize the study and reveal that both the hypotheses, the performed preference tests and the conclusions drawn are flawed. In the study, the authors hypothesise that male vervets should prefer a ball and a car based on the human hunter-gatherer hypothesis. Men are suggested to be selected for navigating abilities useful for hunting and women for nurturing babies. This hypothesis is then transferred to vervets which is a tree-living species, subsisting of a mainly vegetarian diet, where skills such as navigating in space ought to be necessary for survival - in both males and females. Furthermore, the presentation of toys is conducted in groups, individual interactions with a toy is taken as a preference for the sex of that individual. Therefore it is impossible to derive individual preferences from these tests. Vervets are matrilinear with females sometimes being dominant to males. From an animal behaviour framework, I would interpret the preferences as an interaction between individuals. Perhaps low-ranked individuals approach new objects first, as they may be dangerous. The results are interpreted and presented with graphs and pictures in order to tell the convincing story about sex differences in toy preference that the authors wanted to find, but there is weak support for these conclusions. Hence, from the evidence presented in this study, we cannot conclude that human sex-differentiated toy preferences date more than 23 million years back in time.
Hélène Cixous och havet
Authors: Johansson Evelina
Published: June 2022

Svenska feminister har ofta avfärdat den franska feministen Hélène Cixous som särartsfeminist. Detta beror på att man har läst hennes litterära, experimentella sätt att skriva alltför bokstavligt och därför missat potentialen i hennes verk.
Comparing the Effects of a Series of Ischaemic Compression Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques on Pain Threshold and Muscle Tension in People with Upper Crossed Syndrome
Authors: Janczarzyk Dawid , Jamka Krzysztof , Mikołajczyk Edyta , Zając Bartosz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Myofascial pain syndromes and upper crossed syndrome (UCS) are common phenomena observed in society. The main reasons for their formation are postural defects and chronic muscle overload. Trigger points (TP) develop within the affected muscles, generating pain and other symptoms that worsen quality of life. A popular method of therapy is ischaemic compression (IC) of trigger points and muscle energy techniques (MET). However, in literature on the subject, there is a lack information on the effects of a series of therapies with these techniques on the reduction of pain and muscle tension.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the optimal myofascial technique in the treatment of patients with UCS presenting with pain and excessive tension in the trapezius muscle.

Material and methods: In the study, 45 people with UCS with TP in the trapezius back muscle were qualified for the trial. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Group A underwent a series of 5 IC trigger point treatments, while group B received a series of 5 MET treatments. Group C was a control group not subjected to any therapeutic intervention. Changes in pain threshold and muscle resting electrophysiological values after the completion of the 5-week therapy intervention were assessed. The Statistica 13 program was used for statistical analysis of the data.

Results: A significant increase in pain threshold on both sides of the body was demonstrated in groups A and B, but not in group C. Comparison of pain changes between the right and left sides showed no significant differences between groups. There was a significant decrease regarding tension in group C on both sides of the body and its increase in group A on the right side, however, in each case, these values were within the physiological norms.

Conclusions: A series of 5 ischaemic compression treatments and muscle energy techniques are effective in reducing pain caused by latent trigger points in people with UCS but are not associated with changes in resting tension beyond physiological norms.
Analysing the Influence of Selected Eye Dysfunctions on Palpation Abilities of Massage Therapists
Authors: Piwecki Marcin , Woźniacka Renata
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Palpation arises controversy in the field of physiotherapy. On the one hand, this method provides a lot of valuable information. On the other, issues related to its reliability still exist. Additionally, questions about factors affecting palpation and users’ dispositions should be taken into consideration.

Research objectives: The main aim of the study was to determine the impact of visual impairment on the palpatory skills of massage therapists.

Material and methods: The research involved 58 participants divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of 23, visually-impaired massage therapists, the second one was made up of 22 massage therapists and the control group consisted of 13 people unrelated to massage. The subjects took the hair test, the weight test and the measurement of Static Two-Point Discrimination within the fingertips I-III, thenar and hypothenar.

Results: The analysis does not show any significant differences between the first and second group. Statistics reveal differences between the group of massage practitioners (group 1 and 2) and the control group. Visual impairment was not the most influential factor in the study.

Conclusions: The level of palpation skills may be modified in both visually-impaired and healthy people. However, mechanisms that allow these modifications remain unclear. On the basis of the research, visual impairment is not considered as the only factor affecting palpation skills. Experience in palpation may well be an equally important factor.
COAL QUALITY REVIEW SURVEY, SORONG REGENCY, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE
Authors: Patandianan Eric A.
Published: June 2022

Data and information on mineral and energy resources have a very important role in supporting regional development and business activities in the mining sector nationally. One of the locations of coal sources is in the Sorong Regency Area, specifically in the “M” and “N” Districts. For this reason, initial exploration activity is needed in the form of a review survey to find the availability, distribution, and quality of coal in both districts. As part of the inventory and information on coal resource data for regional governments in managing and utilizing sustainable regional development in Sorong and West Papua Province in general, the data are important. The coal sources are located at the Klasaman Formation in the “M” District and the Sele Conglomerate Formation in the “N” District. In the “M” District the thickness of the coal on the surface is quite thick, ranging from ± 45 - 110 cm with the direction of the southwest and southeast while the Coal Outcrop in the District of “N” has a thickness of 60-100 cm on the surface with north-eastward direction. Based on the results of the Proximate Analysis it was concluded that the quality of coal in the “M” District was included in the "C" sub-bituminous rank while the coal in the “N” District was in the Lignite "A" rank.
En modell for organiseringen av landskapet i østnorske dalstrøk i middelalder og historisk tid
Authors: Holm Ingunn
Published: June 2022

It is the later years recorded and excavated extensive traces of activities like iron production, hunting and farming in areas, which today are forests and mountains. This paper discusses how these monuments are distributed in the landscape and how they relate to the historically known organization of the landscape. Geographically, the article is limited to the inner parts of Eastern Norway, with emphasis on Hedmark and Oppland counties, and given a temporal limitation to the medieval and historic times. Landownership in the outland in historic times is studied by the use of written sources like laws, diplomas and court records. The article puts forward a model for how the landscape was organized, with a split in in two, with the valley side as the area for farming and related activities, and the higher lying land as the area for hunting, shieling and iron production. This model is discussed based on four specific valley sides with clearance cairns fields.
On the definition and practice of Geoarchaeology
Authors: Cannell Rebecca J. S.
Published: June 2022

Tanker omkring definisjon og praktisering av geoarkeologi

Utviklingen av geoarkeologi som en arkeologisk disiplin har en lang historie og kan sies å begynne med bruken av geologiske tilnærminger til arkeologiske problemstillinger på 1800-tallet. Selve begrepet geoarkeologi dukket for første gang opp på 1980-tallet, og faget har i dag vokst til en slik grad at det undervises ved mange universiteter som en spesialisert underdisiplin. Til tross for dette er begrepet ofte anvendt uten hensyn til definisjonen, og ofte bare med fokus på metodene. Geoarkeologi omhandler geomorfologiske og pedologiske vurderinger av sammenhenger og landskap ved arkeologiske lokaliteter, fra et mikronivå til et landskapsnivå, for på denne måten å få en økt forståelse for menneskelige og miljømessige aspekter av fortiden. Når en geoarkeologisk tilnærming anvendes fra evalueringsfasen av et arkeologisk prosjekt, kan man oppnå langt mer enn resultatet av en enkelt analyse, ved å gi et landskap kontekst og historie som basis for kulturelle tolkninger.
Litt av en prosess 40 år med omorganisering av norsk kulturminneforvaltning
Authors: Nielsen Svein Vatsvåg
Published: June 2022

Some process: 40 years of re-organising Norwegian archaeologyThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the historical background of the so-called ‘regionreform’ recently proposed by the Norwegian Government with special emphasis on the Cultural Heritage Management (CHM). The paper presents a critical inquiry into re-organisations within the Norwegian CHM in the 1980- and 90’s, a process known within academic research and official State documents simply as ‘the re- organisation’. The re-organisation involved four vital events: (1) the transformation of the Directorate for Cultural Heritage into a central body in the administration and located directly below the Department of Environmental Protection in 1988, (2) the de-centralisation of the district authority from the university museums to the county councils in 1990, (3) the creation of NIKU (The Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research) in 1994, and (4) the displacement of exempt authority from the university museums to the Directorate in 2001. The paper focuses on the political processes these events were part of, especially on political strategies, discursive turning points and speech acts, drawing on theoretical and methodological aspects from Actor-Network-Theory. It is found that the ideas and strategies that were realised through ‘the re-organisation’ dated back to academic circles and cultural policies forged in the 1960- and 1970’s. It is concluded that the ‘regionreform’ was formed within a new network of textual references, but that the ideas behind it is thoroughly connected with the old re-organisation, and thus to discursive elements from the 1960’s.
Power, politics and entanglement
Authors: Hodder Ian
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the relationships between entanglement􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃 􀁓􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁕􀀑􀀃 􀀨􀁑􀁗􀁄􀁑􀁊􀁏􀁈􀁐􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃 􀁌􀁖􀀃 􀁇􀁈􀂿􀁑􀁈􀁇􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁐􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀀃 􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃dependencies between humans and things. Power is oftendiscussed in terms of power over others, that is in termsof human-human, rather than human-thing, relations. Thispaper argues that human-thing entrapment can be used andmanipulated by elites but that non-elites find themselvescaught in a double bind, both entrapped in human-humanpower relations, and entrapped in the daily practices ofhuman-thing relations.
Anders Nummedal: fra ”quasi-lærd” til steinaldernerd
Authors: Ellingsen Ellen Grav , Breivik Heidi Mjelva
Published: June 2022

Anders Nummedal - from street smart to Stone Age nerd. Anders Nummedal was an outstanding scholar of the Norwegian Stone Age. While walking along old shorelines in 1909, he made the first of many discoveries that sparked a fierce debate over the date of the first human settlement in Norway. Given that Stone Age people were known to have lived close to the sea, Nummedal realised that it should be possible to date sites using his knowledge of the changes in sea level. As a result, he concluded that many of the sites he had discovered could be dated back to the Mesolithic period. Coming as it did from a “mere” schoolmaster, his theory was ridiculed by most academic archaeologists, who had assumed that these sites could not have been occupied earlier than the Neolithic period. In this article, the authors focus on the problems Nummedal encountered when presenting his sensational theories. The sources include correspondence between Nummedal and Karl Rygh of Videnskabsselskabets Oldsaksamling in Trondheim, and the newspaper discussions that followed the presentation of Nummedal’s theory. The authors examine the reasons for the academics’ reluctance to accept Nummedal’s theory, and for Nummedal’s refusal to budge from his position. The various types of written evidence are well-suited to shed light on different sides of the discussion.
Vakker Kollaps med noen utfordringer: Utstillingsanmeldelse: Kollaps, Kulturhistorisk museum
Authors: Øzcan Gazi
Published: June 2022

Utstillingsanmeldelse
Nye åkre og gamle funn Metodiske betraktninger om undersundersøøkelser av skelser av søørrøøstnorske steinalderbostnorske steinalderbo--plasser i dyrket mark
Authors: Mjærum Alex
Published: June 2022

Old finds in new plough soils – Excavations of infield Stone Age sites in Southeastern Norway. This paper discusses the results of field archaeology in southeast Norway in the last ten years and concludes that infield Stone Age sites are rarely excavated in this region. Although the reasons are complex, this can partly be explained by the emphasis given to other types of sites and subjects, and is also related to the lack of a disciplinary tradition of survey and excavation of plough zone sites.The article also examines the value of infield Stone Age sites and presents and evaluates some of the methods used in recent excavations of plough soil settlements. Although some of these sites can provide new information about settlement patterns and the Stone Age economy, there are also sites that are of less interest. An important conclusion is that more focus should be given to the more productive sites both by applying new methods of survey and by excavations.
Sjølvskading og sjølvmordstankar
Authors: Pileberg Silje
Published: June 2022

Forskarar har spurt pasientar ved nesten alle psykiatriske poliklinikkar i Noreg og konkluderer med at det finst ei tett kopling mellom sjølvskading,sjølvmordstankar og sjølvmordsforsøk.
Sjølvmord under pandemien: – Vi ser i stor grad på eit augeblinksbilete
Authors: Pileberg Silje
Published: June 2022

Professor David Gunnell er bekymra for kva følgjer den økonomiske nedturen etter pandemien vil få for sjølvmordstala. Han heldt eitt av innlegga på 11. nasjonale konferanse for selvmordsforskning og -forebygging.
Implementasi Algoritma Greedy Kombinasi dengan Perulangan pada Aplikasi Penjadwalan Praktikum
Authors: Roihan Akhmad , Nasution Khairuddin , Siambaton Mhd. Zulfansyuri
Published: June 2022

Penjadwalan merupakan kegiatan perencanaan untuk menentukan kapan dan dimana setiap operasi sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan secara keseluruhan harus dilakukan dan ada disetiap bidang pekerjaaan dari akademis maupun non akademis, namun banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan sebelum membuat jadwal, salah satunya adalah pembuatan jadwal praktikum. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perancangan dan pembuatan aplikasi penjadwalan praktikum laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik UISU dengan data berupa dua ruangan yang dipakai, 5 dosen yang mengajar, dan 12 mata kuliah praktikum yang dipraktikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi penjadwalan untuk memudahkan pembuatan jadwal praktikum laboratorium Teknik Informatika dengan menerapkan algoritma greedy kombinasi dengan perulangan untuk optimalisasi pembuatan jadwal. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi yang sudah dapat digunakan pada Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Informatika yang mana ketika kegiatan penyusunan jadwal praktikum menggunakan bantuan aplikasi akan lebih memudahkan kepala laboratorium dalam efisiensi waktu dan jadwal tidak terjadi bentrok.
Societats Secretes a Haití: outopos de la memòria.
Authors: Gimeno Prats Joan
Published: June 2022

La història d’Haití ha quedat marcada tant per la tracta d’esclaus i les pràctiques escla­vagistes de l’època colonial, com per la resistència front aquestes pràctiques. L’èxit de la revolta d’esclaus (1791-1804) que va portar a la independència del país, constitueix un cas únic en la història. Du­rant l’època d’esclavitud, però també durant les guerres per la independència, les comu­nitats de marrons (esclaus rebels) van jugar un rol essencial. En l’Haití contemporani, trobem altres grups que, com les comunitats de marrons d’antuvi, fan del secret i l’ocul­tació un dels seus principals modus d’existir i d’operar: les societats secretes. Temu­des, denigrades o deformades, però sempre presents en l’imaginari de la societat que podríem anomenar vudú o tradicional, aquestes societats han desenvolupat algunes funcions imprescindibles per l’equilibri de la societat. Són font de justícia en un país on les estructures administratives sempre queden lluny des de tots els punts de vista i, sobretot, esdevenen els llocs de la memò­ria silenciada, una memòria que guarda el record viu de l’horror de l’esclavatge i de la societat colonial, però també l’esperan­ça que al menys una vegada la lluita per la llibertat va triomfar front els mecanismes d’opressió i deshumanització.
Kaabu y Fulaadu: Historias polifónicas y pasados plurales
Authors: Canós-Donnay Sirio
Published: June 2022

En este artículo considero algunas de las cuestiones que emergen del uso de fuentes múltiples y diversas a la hora de estudiar el pasado mediante una metáfora musical. Exploro tres posibles relaciones entre fuentes con grados crecientes de dificultad conceptual (unísono, consonancia y disonancia) y argumento que las disonancias no deben de ser ignoradas o dejadas de lado. Al contrario, poner el foco en los elementos disonantes puede a menudo revelar fallos en nuestras herramientas conceptuales y destacar procesos multidimensionales y tensiones históricas que llevan a comprensiones más ricas, complejas, y precisas del pasado, así como a una mejor apreciación de su uso en el presente. Finalmente, argumento que es importante ser conscientes de nuestros privilegios como ‘escritores de historia’ con capacidad para elegir a qué voces se les da prioridad en este proceso y cuales tienen un lugar secundario, y sugerido una serie de medidas para mitigar este desequilibrio.
El proyecto y el trayecto. Prácticas contra la arquitectura en el medio rural vasco
Authors: Fernández de las Heras Ion
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en mostrar un conflicto entre dos modos de hacer y de pensar —que, podríamos decir, coinciden con instauraciones diferenciales del ser— en lo referente a la construcción de la casa en el valle de Araotz, en el medio rural vasco. El primero, el proyecto, consiste en un procedimiento mediante el cual es posible instituir cierta realidad imaginaria no coincidente con la materialidad de lo construido; el segundo, el trayecto, se reconoce como una actividad de tanteo que integra multitud de agentes e inferencias y durante la cual se produce un complejo diálogo entre lo virtual y lo concreto. Sugeriré, así, que la autoconstrucción de los caseríos en Araotz comprende una tensión epistémica provocada por el desarrollo de determinadas prácticas de estatalización vinculadas con la arquitectura y el patrimonio. Mostraré, en ese sentido, cómo los trayectos constructivos que trazan los habitantes/constructores de estas casas constituyen en muchos casos una respuesta a la proyección y sus efectos, algo que puede llegar a ser formulado como una práctica contra-arquitectónica o contra-patrimonial.
PARA ALÉM DO CETICISMO
Authors: Chagas Igor Souza , Solano Edgar
Published: June 2022

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre Direito e Moral a partir da Teoria do Direito Natural do filósofo do Direito John Mitchell Finnis, consoante sua obra Natural Law and Natural Rights. Para tal, partindo de bibliografia especializada, far-se-á uma análise das principais críticas ao Direito Natural e suas insuficiências, abrindo caminho, então, para a exposição da teoria Finnisiana que, longe de se postar como uma corrente de pensamento ultrapassada, oferece com afã ricos fundamentos para o desenvolvimento da Teoria do Direito no século XXI, lançando luz sobre as tentativas contemporâneas de realizar uma leitura moral do Direito.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Jusnaturalismo; Direito Natural; John Finnis; Positivismo; Pós-Positivismo.
Virtual Orthogonal Optimization in Upsetting of Cone End Billet with Large Height-To-Diameter Ratio
Authors: WANG Chengpeng , FAN Junkai , ZHAO Wu , LIU Wei
Published: June 2022

To restrain bulging in the upsetting of the larger height-diameter ratio (LHDR) billet, a novel upsetting method named cone end billet upsetting (CEBU) is proposed in this article. This method is featured by prefabricating cone shape at billet ends, and aimed to obtain a smaller rigid deformation zone in forming. The forming characters of a cylinder LHDR billet were analyzed by the commercial finite element software DEFORM. Moreover, virtual orthogonal tests were proceeded to uncover several influence factors such as billet end taper, pressing speed and billet height. The results show that bulging can be effectively restrained in CEBU. In the condition of billet end taper α = 15°, pressing speed υ = 0.5 mm/s, and billet height h = 35 mm, a much smaller bulging can be achieved. The simulated results are in good agreement with experiment which was conducted with polycarbonate samples, and indicate CEBU is a promising method to control bulging in the upsetting of LHDR billet.
Nachrichtendienstrecht
Authors: Löffelmann Markus , Zöller Mark A.
Published: June 2022

Das Recht der Nachrichtendienste ist ein vergleichsweise junges Rechtsgebiet. Aktuelle Reformbemühungen sind gekennzeichnet von dem Bestreben, die Tätigkeit der Nachrichtendienste auf der Grundlage verfassungsrechtlicher Maßstäbe enger einzuhegen. Das erste Lehrbuch zum Nachrichtendienstrecht gibt ausgehend von den historischen und verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen einen systematischen Überblick über die unübersichtliche und auf zahlreiche Gesetze verteilte Materie. Aufgrund des weiterhin hohen Reformdrucks thematisiert das Kompendium auch bestehende Regelungsdefizite und entwickelt neue Regelungsansätze.
Es berücksichtigt bereits die zum 1.1.2022 in Kraft getretene Novelle des BND-Gesetzes.

Die Autoren
Prof. Dr. Markus Löffelmann ist Professor für nationales und internationales Sicherheitsrecht an der Hochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung in Berlin.
Prof. Dr. Mark A. Zöller ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Deutsches, Europäisches und Internationales Strafrecht und Strafprozessrecht, Wirtschaftsstrafrecht und das Recht der Digitalisierung an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Jüdische Migration und Diversität in Wien und Berlin 1667/71–1918
Authors: Haar Ingo
Published: June 2022

Das Leben und die Milieus der jüdischen Gemeinden in Wien und Berlin - die lange Geschichte einer Entfremdung.

Die lange Geschichte der mitteleuropäischen jüdischen Gemeinden in Berlin und Wien changierte zwischen Emanzipation und Diskriminierung. Wie ambivalent diese Entwicklung der Hauptstadtjuden war und wie schwer ihnen die Inklusion in die bürgerliche Gesellschaft gemacht wurde, zeigt Ingo Haar erstmals vergleichend und im langen Lauf auf. Die Diskriminierungen reichten von der Einkind-Politik Friedrich II. bis hin zur "Judenzählung" im Ersten Weltkrieg, von Zwangsausweisungen in Berlin bis zu beruflichen Anfeindungen in Wien.

Aber die Juden waren keine passiven Opfer. Durch die Revolution 1848 gestalteten sie die Moderne aktiv mit, bauten ihre Gemeinden neu auf, differenzierten sie institutionell aus und erzielten einen bemerkenswerten Bildungsaufstieg. Die großen Pogrome im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert in Ost- und Südosteuropa stellten die geglückte Teilhabe der Juden an der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft aber auch in Mitteleuropa wieder in Frage. Daraus resultierte bereits vor dem Aufkommen des Nationalsozialismus das jüdische Projekt der Palästinabesiedlung sowie eine durch den Deutschnationalismus verursachte deutsch-jüdische Entfremdungsgeschichte. Mit seiner Studie bringt Ingo Haar somit das Thema der jüdischen Migration und Vielfalt neu in die Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte zurück.
Conduction Path Formation Characteristics of Solderable Polymer Composite Filled with Low-Melting-Point and High-Melting-Point Alloy Fillers
Authors: Ha Min Jeong , Kim Ji-Ho , Han Jae-Goo , Yang Jin-Seok , Kim Jong-Min , Yim Byung-Seung
Published: June 2022

In this study, low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) and high-melting-point alloy (HMPA) filler-filled solderable polymer composite (LH-SPC) system was proposed to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of SPC with LMPA fillers. To identify the conduction path formation characteristics of LH-SPC according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA, four types of LH-SPC with different mixing ratios of LMPA and HMPA fillers (100:0, 80:20, 30:70, and 0:100) were formulated. Furthermore, a chip resistor interconnection test was conducted. The results indicated that LH-SPC with only HMPA did not form a conduction path because of the excessively cured polymer composite before melting HMPA. Meanwhile, LH-SPC with LMPA and HMPA fillers showed different conduction path formation mechanisms according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA fillers. In LH-SPC filled with lower HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the flow, coalescence, and wetting behaviors of molten LMPA containing solid-state HMPA at the melting range of the LMPA filler. On the other hand, in LH-SPC containing higher HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the wetting behavior of the molten HMPA at a lower temperature range than the melting temperature of HMPA because of the decreased melting temperature of HMPA owing to the chemical composition change of HMPA by the diffusion of Bi into HMPA.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Resilience of Recovered COVID-19 Patients at the Peak of the Pandemic
Authors: Mohammadi Roya , Fardin Mohammadali , Jenaabadi Hossein
Published: June 2022

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 outbreak brought unprecedented psychological and emotional consequences, especially for recovered patients, so resiliency in disasters could be helpful. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the increasing resilience of recovered COVID-19 patients at the peak of the pandemic. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all recovered COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 33.06 years at the peak of the pandemic in Isfahan (N = 30) in 2021-2022. They were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). After performing the pretest, the experimental group received a CBT program for 12 sessions, and then the post-test was performed. The required data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; 2003). Results: The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and SD) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) using SPSS version 20. The findings showed that CBT led to increased resilience and had a significant effect on the experimental group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: CBT can be considered an effective treatment in reducing problems and improving the psychological indicators of recovered COVID-19 patients.
Monitoring of Infant Formula and Baby Food for the Pat and NOS Terminator of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean by Real-time PCR in Iran
Authors: Beheshti Zadeh Ramin , Safaeian Shila , Moslemi Elham , Mosavi Nadushen Rezvan , Esfahani Kasra
Published: June 2022

Background: Soybean and maize are the most cultivated genetically modified (GM) plants. Because of the increase in the imports of GM products to Iran, infant formula and baby food, which is consumed by babies during their first month of life, can also contain soybean and maize. It has become fundamental to screen these types of products. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the GM corn and soybean in baby food and infant formula using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: A total of 60 baby food and infant formulas were collected randomly from the local drugstores in Tehran. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, then by real-time PCR detection, tested Pat/NOS. Internal control genes zein and lectin were used for maize and soybean, respectively. Results: Results showed that 5% of infant formulas and 5% of baby food, two Iranian and one imported baby food, and two imported and one Iranian infant formula were positive for pat. However, NOS was detected in none of the samples. The results showed positive results for the presence of the pat gene in the products without an appropriate label. Conclusions: This article provides evidence of GM maize and soybean presence in baby food and infant formula in Iran.