bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing flexibility and stability: The role of outsourced service stations in managing food‐delivery platform work in China
Authors: Yang Binyi
Published: May 2024

Current mainstream research on on‐demand labor platforms primarily focuses on the discussion of algorithmic technologies while overlooking the issue of how platforms achieve stable operations in a de‐employment context. Addressing this research gap, this study investigates the approaches employed by Chinese food‐delivery platforms to ensure stable labor supply. Utilizing qualitative data, the research reveals that Chinese food‐delivery platforms have established stability in labor supply by implementing the outsourced model, partnering with third‐party staffing agencies to establish service stations, and managing couriers offline. This approach helps to balance platform and courier needs, addressing the tension between work flexibility and income stability. This research provides a case study illuminating the interplay between technology and the labor market in labor relations. Additionally, it highlights the structural forces that workers form within the internal labor market, deepening our understanding of platform management and the complexities of labor relations.
Detection of Novel Influenza Viruses Through Community and Healthcare Testing: Implications for Surveillance Efforts in the United States
Authors: Morris Sinead E. , Gilmer Matthew , Threlkel Ryan , Brammer Lynnette , Budd Alicia P. , Iuliano A. Danielle , Reed Carrie , Biggerstaff Matthew
Published: May 2024

Background

Novel influenza viruses pose a potential pandemic risk, and rapid detection of infections in humans is critical to characterizing the virus and facilitating the implementation of public health response measures.

Methods

We use a probabilistic framework to estimate the likelihood that novel influenza virus cases would be detected through testing in different community and healthcare settings (urgent care, emergency department, hospital, and intensive care unit [ICU]) while at low frequencies in the United States. Parameters were informed by data on seasonal influenza virus activity and existing testing practices.

Results

In a baseline scenario reflecting the presence of 100 novel virus infections with similar severity to seasonal influenza viruses, the median probability of detecting at least one infection per month was highest in urgent care settings (72%) and when community testing was conducted at random among the general population (77%). However, urgent care testing was over 15 times more efficient (estimated as the number of cases detected per 100,000 tests) due to the larger number of tests required for community testing. In scenarios that assumed increased clinical severity of novel virus infection, median detection probabilities increased across all healthcare settings, particularly in hospitals and ICUs (up to 100%) where testing also became more efficient.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that novel influenza virus circulation is likely to be detected through existing healthcare surveillance, with the most efficient testing setting impacted by the disease severity profile. These analyses can help inform future testing strategies to maximize the likelihood of novel influenza detection.
Impression formation of majority and minority applicants during resume screening—Does processing more information reduce prejudice?
Authors: Sachs Tobias , Homan Astrid C. , Lancee Bram
Published: May 2024

While previous research has consistently found evidence for ethnic discrimination after resume screening, the majority of those studies focused on outcomes of evaluating job applications. Therefore, we know little about what happens during resume screening. In the present study (N = 402), we tested whether impressions of majority and minority applicants are formed differently while processing separate snippets from job applications. While majority impressions were significantly more positive than minority impressions after the third snippet was processed, impressions did not differ anymore after four or more snippets. In specific, minority impressions improved significantly more in response to the fourth snippet, which provided information on a volunteering role. Furthermore, we found that negative information similarly harmed majority and minority impressions. Our findings suggest that minority applicants might suffer from prejudice if only little information from resumes is being processed. Thus, organizations might be able to prevent discriminatory outcomes by avoiding superficial resume screening.
Hidden in plain sight: delayed ADHD diagnosis among girls and women – a commentary on Skoglund et al. (2023)
Authors: Agnew‐Blais Jessica C.
Published: May 2024

Skoglund et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) finds women with ADHD experience a nearly 4‐year delay in receiving an ADHD diagnosis compared to men, despite also having high rates of prior contact with the mental health care system. In this commentary, I discuss the findings of Skoglund et al. and how they shed light on possible explanations for this diagnostic delay among women, and the need to consider women‐specific issues, like times of hormonal change, in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
Moving forward. Use of the START NOW skills training program for female youth with ODD and CD – a commentary on Stadler et al. (2024)
Authors: Tripp Gail
Published: May 2024

Female youth with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are an under studied and underserved population at high risk for poor adjustment in later life. Stadler et al. (2024) attempt to redress this situation for adolescent females with CD or ODD with an adapted version of the skills training program START NOW. They describe the results of an ambitious randomized control trial, comparing START NOW with standard care in youth welfare settings in Germany, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. The findings appear promising, but the paper is especially valuable for the spotlight it shines on the needs of this underserved population and those caring for them, together with the importance of undertaking such trials despite their challenges. This commentary seeks to encourage readers to engage with the START NOW trial.
Five aspects of research waste in biomedicine: A scoping review
Authors: Rosengaard Louise Olsbro , Andersen Mikkel Zola , Rosenberg Jacob , Fonnes Siv
Published: May 2024

Background

The number of published journal articles has grown exponentially during the last 30 years, which may have led to some wasteful research. However, the terminology associated with research waste remains unclear. To address this, we aimed to identify, define, and categorize the aspects of research waste in published biomedical reports.

Methods

In this scoping review, we systematically searched for biomedical literature reports from 1993 to 2023 in two databases, focusing on those addressing and defining research waste. Through data charting, we analyzed and categorized the aspects of research waste.

Results

Based on 4285 initial records in the searches, a total of 832 reports were included in the analysis. The included reports were primarily narrative reviews (26%) and original reports (21%). We categorized research waste into five aspects: methodological, invisible, negligible, underreported, and structural (MINUS) research waste. More than half of the reports (56%) covered methodological research waste concerning flaws in study design, study conduct, or analysis. Invisible research waste covered nonpublication, discontinuation, and lack of data‐sharing. Negligible research waste primarily concerned unnecessary repetition, for example, stemming from the absence of preceding a trial with a systematic review of the literature. Underreported research waste mainly included poor reporting, resulting in a lack of transparency. Structural research waste comprised inadequate management, collaboration, prioritization, implementation, and dissemination.

Conclusion

MINUS encapsulates the five main aspects of research waste. Recognizing these aspects of research waste is important for addressing and preventing further research waste and thereby ensuring efficient resource allocation and scientific integrity.
Review of current perspectives and future outlook on bacterial disease prevention through vaccination in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Lan Nguyen Giang Thu , Dong Ha Thanh , Shinn Andrew P. , Vinh Nguyen Tien , Senapin Saengchan , Salin Krishna R. , Rodkhum Channarong
Published: May 2024

Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, is an important aquatic species in mariculture. Intensive farming of this species has faced episodes of bacterial diseases, including those due to vibriosis, scale drop, and muscle necrosis disease, big belly disease, photobacteriosis, columnaris, streptococcosis, aeromoniasis, and tenacibaculosis. Vaccination is one of the most efficient, non‐antibiotic, and eco‐friendly strategies for protecting fish against bacterial diseases, contributing to aquaculture expansion and ensuring food security. As of now, although numerous vaccines have undergone laboratory research, only one commercially available inactivated vaccine, suitable for both immersion and injection administration, is accessible for preventing Streptococcus iniae. Several key challenges in developing vaccines for Asian seabass must be addressed, such as the current limited understanding of immunological responses to vaccines, the costs associated with vaccine production, forms, and routes of vaccine application, and how to increase the adoption of vaccines by farmers. The future of vaccine development for the Asian seabass industry, therefore, is discussed with these key critical issues in mind. The focus is on improving our understanding of Asian seabass immunity, including maternal immunity, immunocompetence, and immune responses post‐vaccination, as well as developing tools to assess vaccine effectiveness. The need for an alignment of fish vaccines with state‐of‐the‐art vaccine technologies employed in human and terrestrial animal healthcare is also discussed. This review also discusses the necessity of providing locally‐produced autogenous vaccines, especially for immersion and oral vaccines, to benefit small‐scale fish farmers, and the potential benefits that might be extended through changes to current husbandry practices such as the vaccination of broodstock and earlier life stages of their off‐spring.
Applying human‐centered design to adapt the Jumpstart Guide for goals‐of‐care discussions in persons living with dementia
Authors: Im Jennifer , Kross Erin K. , Engelberg Ruth A. , Dotolo Danae G. , Ungar Anna , Nielsen Elizabeth , Torrence Janaki , Abedini Nauzley C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Goals‐of‐care discussions (GOCD) are uncommon in persons living with dementia (PLWD) despite the likelihood of eventual loss of decisional capacity in the population. The Jumpstart Guide, an existing serious illness communication priming tool, can improve GOCD in certain populations, but has not previously been adapted for use among PLWD and their caregivers.

Methods

Using human‐centered design (HCD), we adapted the Jumpstart Guide for use with PLWD and their caregivers. We conducted qualitative interviews with clinicians and caregivers of PLWD. Six team members conducted qualitative rapid analysis of interviews leading to the development of summary templates and integrative matrices. Four iterations of the Jumpstart Guide led to the final version.

Results

Thirteen clinicians and 11 caregivers were interviewed. Interviews provided key insights into the unique barriers PLWD and their caregivers face during GOCD, including discomfort with accepting a dementia diagnosis and concern with using “serious illness” to describe dementia, as is commonly done in palliative care. Clinicians described differences in GOCD with PLWD compared to other serious illnesses, and the challenge of getting patients and families to think about future health states. Interviews led to Jumpstart Guide adaptations in the following domains: (1) format and structure, (2) content, and (3) specific language. Suggested changes included prioritizing naming a decision‐maker, changing conversation prompts to improve accessibility and understandability, ensuring the Jumpstart Guide could be used with patients as well as their caregivers, and altering language to avoid references to “serious illness” and “abilities.”

Conclusion

Using HCD yielded valuable insights from clinicians and caregivers about the unique barriers to conducting GOCD among PLWD and their caregivers. These insights were used to adapt the Jumpstart Guide for use with PLWD and their caregivers, which is currently being tested in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in outpatient clinics.
Quality of care for older adults in nursing homes: It begins with registered nurses but does not end there!
Authors: Bakerjian Deb
Published: May 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Mueller et al.
Dietary habits and self‐reported health outcomes in a cross‐sectional survey of health‐conscious adults eating a plant‐based diet
Authors: Sadler Isabelle , Bauer Alexander , Kassam Shireen
Published: May 2024

Background

Given the growing popularity of plant‐based diets, this study investigated the dietary habits and self‐reported health outcomes of health‐conscious adults consuming plant‐based diets.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey (n = 315) was distributed to members of Plant‐Based Health Professionals UK, a community interest company. Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Data were summarised descriptively. Dietary habits among respondents following a whole food plant‐based (WFPB) and vegan diet were compared using hypothesis tests.

Results

Respondents reported following a WFPB (61%), vegan (28%) and semi plant‐based (11%) diet. Median time on current dietary pattern was 5 years. Daily or more frequent consumption was reported for the following foods: fruits 77%, berries 51%, green vegetables 48%, cruciferous vegetables 45%, other vegetables 64%, beans/legumes 41%, whole grains 62%, nuts and all seeds 63%. Consumption of ultra‐processed foods and plant‐based meat alternatives was low. About 93% of those on a WFPB or vegan diet supplemented with vitamin B12 and 61% with vitamin D. The median body mass index was 22.4 kg/m2. Fifty per cent of participants reported weight loss after adopting a plant‐based diet, with a median loss of 6.4 kg. Thirty‐five per cent reported reversing or improving an underlying health condition, and 15% were able to stop or reduce prescribed medication use as a result of dietary changes.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a well‐planned plant‐based diet is achievable and sustainable in a community setting and can be associated with health benefits. How to best encourage such sustainable diets among the broad population requires further research.
Nonpharmacological interventions to improve the cognitive function among persons with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Chuaykarn Uraporn , Thato Ratsiri , Crago Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) for improving cognitive function among persons with traumatic brain injury.

Design

A systematic review.

Methods

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA guideline. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, JSTOR, and Taylor & Francis were systematically searched for relevant articles of peer‐reviewed studies published between 2008 and 2022. Two independent researchers conducted study selection, data extraction, and data quality assessment.

Findings

Twenty‐one studies met inclusion criteria, numbering a total of 757 participants. Six groups of NPIs were effective in improving cognitive functioning among persons with traumatic brain injury, including multimodal cognitive training, technology innovation, memory training, executive function training, physical activity, and sensory stimulation programs. Pooled evidence revealed that NPIs had a large effect on memory (d = 0.80, p < 0.05 to d = 2.03, p < 0.000), processing speed (d = 1.58, p < 0.05), and cognitive behavior (d = 1.63, p < 0.001 to d = 8.91, p 0.003). There was a medium effect on executive function (d = 0.5, p < 0.01 to d = 0.62, p < 0.05), attention (d = 0.5, p < 0.01), and intelligence (d = 0.57 to d = 0.59, p = 0.000). For visuospatial function and language, there was a significant increase post‐intervention.

Conclusion

Evidence from this systematic review indicates that NPIs, specifically the use of multimodal cognitive training and sensory stimulation programs, were effective in improving cognitive function outcomes among persons with traumatic brain injury, with medium to large effect sizes.

Clinical Relevance

Nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) can enhance cognitive function in individuals with traumatic brain injury. These findings can guide healthcare professionals in clinical settings and support the development of technology applications for cognitive rehabilitation using NPIs.
Commitment and efforts to maintain mentoring: Nurse managers' perceptions of structuring mentoring provision for new nurses in a hospital setting
Authors: Berndtsson Pernilla , Skyvell‐Nilsson Maria , Brink Eva , Berghammer Malin
Published: May 2024

Aim

The aim of the present study was to describe nurse managers' perceptions of the provision of mentoring for newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) and its contribution to the work environment in a hospital setting.

Background

Nurse managers are responsible for the work environment and for supporting the staff's professional development, which includes giving NGRNs organizational support during their introduction to the workplace. Mentorship is one common way to provide support, but there is a lack of knowledge about how nurse managers view this support.

Design/Method

This was a qualitative descriptive study, using a semi‐structured interview guide. Fifteen individual interviews with nurse managers were performed in hospital settings. The interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ guidelines and checklist were used.

Results

The results describe the nurse managers' perceptions of the provision of mentoring in three themes: Ensuring and sustaining mentoring for new nurses' needs is a struggle in the harsh reality of healthcare, Identifying mentors who are willing and possess the necessary competence for the assignment and Promoting a secure and attractive workplace by mentoring new nurses.

Conclusions

Our study confirms that nurse managers are important in the provision of mentoring for NGRNs' learning and professional development. Mentoring has a positive spillover effect on the entire unit as a sustainable approach to securing and improving the work environment. Our study also identifies challenges for nurse managers to structure mentoring provision.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

This study highlights the importance of investment in mentoring for the NGRNs' professional development and for patient care. Support is needed from the top level of the organization, but how mentoring should be structured and facilitated needs to be investigated further.
‘My sexual desires, everything, my normal life just stops’; a qualitative study of male sexual health in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ma Sara , Knapp Peter , Galdas Paul
Published: May 2024

Aim

To describe and interpret the sexual health experiences of men with IBD.

Design

Interpretive qualitative study.

Methods

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 men with a diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Interviews were digitally audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using constant comparative, thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified from interview data: (1) the disease shapes intimate connections, (2) the disease thwarts sexual experiences and (3) the disease disrupts male gender norms. Men reported that active disease lowered libido and could change pre‐, inter‐ and post‐coital sexual practices. All participants noted that health professionals did not initiate the discussion of sexual health and well‐being needs in the outpatient hospital setting. Men who engaged in receptive anal sex reported a lack of disease‐specific guidance and understanding from professionals.

Conclusion

Inflammatory bowel disease can negatively impact the sexual well‐being, gender identity and activities of men. Further research is required to identify the care preferences of men with IBD and clarify the barriers and facilitators to sexual health assessment so that nurses may better support the health needs of this population.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

This study highlights the need for sexual health and well‐being support that is specific to disease and gender in IBD. There is a paucity of information and guidance for men with peri‐anal disease and proctitis who engage in receptive anal sex, which requires urgent attention.

Reporting Method

Reporting follows the COREQ checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

A patient and public involvement group informed the development of the study design. The group reviewed public facing documents and interview guides. One member of the group provided comments on the identified themes.
Lower admission stroke severity is associated with good collateral status in distal medium vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Mei Janet , Salim Hamza A. , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Balar Aneri , Musmar Basel , Adeeb Nimer , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Luna Licia , Deng Francis , Hyson Nathan Z. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Guenego Adrien , Faizy Tobias D. , Heit Jeremy J. , Albers Gregory W. , Urrutia Victor C. , Llinas Raf , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Hillis Argye E. , Nael Kambiz , Yedavalli Vivek S.
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

Distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) are a significant contributor to acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with collateral status (CS) playing a pivotal role in modulating ischemic damage progression. We aimed to explore baseline characteristics associated with CS in AIS‐DMVO.

Methods

This retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database enrolled 130 AIS‐DMVO patients from two comprehensive stroke centers. Baseline characteristics, including patient demographics, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, admission Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) score, and co‐morbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and history of transient ischemic attack or stroke, were collected. The analysis was dichotomized to good CS, reflected by hypoperfusion index ratio (HIR) <.3, versus poor CS, reflected by HIR ≥.3.

Results

Good CS was observed in 34% of the patients. As to the occluded location, 43.8% occurred in proximal M2, 16.9% in mid M2, 35.4% in more distal middle cerebral artery, and 3.8% in distal anterior cerebral artery. In multivariate logistic analysis, a lower NIHSS score and a lower LAMS score were both independently associated with a good CS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82‐0.95, p < .001 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62‐0.96, p = .018, respectively). Patients with poor CS were more likely to manifest as moderate to severe stroke (29.1% vs. 4.5%, p < .001), while patients with good CS had a significantly higher chance of having a minor stroke clinically (40.9% vs. 12.8%, p < .001).

Conclusions

CS remains an important determinant in the severity of AIS‐DMVO. Collateral enhancement strategies may be a worthwhile pursuit in AIS‐DMVO patients with more severe initial stroke presentation, which can be swiftly identified by the concise LAMS and serves as a proxy for underlying poor CS.
Boosting school staff well‐being and engagement through identity leadership: The mediating role of organizational climate
Authors: Cárdenas Diana , Reid Bethany , Zhou Haochen , Reynolds Katherine J.
Published: May 2024

Organizations and their leaders are recognized as key players in staff well‐being and engagement but there is limited longitudinal research with large samples. Moreover, it is not clear how specifically leader behaviour impacts on well‐being. Based on the social identity approach, we argue that school leaders who are capable of crafting and clarifying what it means to be an organizational member while actively representing the groups' interests—an identity leader—will be able to foster a positive school climate. In turn, this positive climate should result in a range of positive outcomes for school staff members, including better well‐being and engagement in their work. Using a longitudinal survey of over 6000 school staff, we found support for our hypothesis: school staff members who perceived their school leaders as being identity leaders perceived a more positive school climate 1 year later, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of well‐being (lower burnout, lower stress and higher self‐esteem) and engagement in school outcomes (higher organizational commitment, team morale and professional development). Overall, these results underline the key role that school identity leaders play in crafting positive working environments and outcomes for staff members.
Confronting Racism‐evasive Ignorance in Standard Pedagogy of Hegemonic Social Psychology
Authors: Adams Glenn , Omar Syed Muhammad
Published: May 2024

A core tenet of Critical Race Theory (CRT) is an understanding of systemic racism as a defining and constitutive feature of the Eurocentric modern order. In contrast to this foundational insight, discussions in hegemonic social psychology tend to approach racism in a manner—specifically, as prejudice and individual bias—that abstracts the topic from social and historical context. We consider this proposition via an analysis of standard textbooks for undergraduate courses in social psychology. Our review reveals that standard textbooks do not include racism, per se, as a topic of investigation; instead, they tend to consider racism‐relevant topics as specific cases of supposedly more basic (and therefore more general) processes of cognition or affect. We conclude the article by drawing on textbooks from South African settings and perspectives of decolonial theory (i.e., examples of social psychologies Other‐wise) as resources to re‐think hegemonic social psychology in directions that resonate more clearly with a CRT emphasis on the systematicity of racism.
Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses revealed higher‐level phylogenetic relationships within the Cucujiformia
Authors: Li Xing‐Hao , Li Ru‐Fan , Hu Fang‐Jing , Zheng Shuai , Rao Fu‐Qiang , An Rong , Li Yong‐Hong , Liu De‐Guang
Published: May 2024

The Cucujiformia, with remarkable morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity, is the most evolutionarily successful group within Coleoptera. However, the phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies within Cucujiformia remain elusive. To address the issues, we conducted a transcriptome‐based macro‐evolutionary study of this lineage. We sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of three species from the superfamily Curculionoidea (two from Curculionidae and one from Brentidae), and obtained a data set of more than 569 990 amino acid alignments from 143 species of Cucujiformia. With the most complete collection of whole genomes and transcriptomes so far, we compared the performance of different data matrices with universal‐single‐copy orthologs (USCO). The resultant trees based on different data sets were consistent for the majority of deep nodes. Two USCO amino acid matrices (i.e., USCO75 and USCO750‐abs80) provided well‐resolved topology. The analyses confirm that Cucujoidea sensu Robertson et al. 2015 is a nonmonophyletic group, consisting of Erotyloidea, Nitiduloidea, and Cucujoidea sensu Cai et al. 2022. Moreover, Erotyloidea is the early‐diverging group, followed by the clade Nitiduloidea. The preferred topologies supported a “basal” split of Coccinelloidea from the remaining superfamilies, and Cleroidea formed the second splitting group. The following phylogeny was supported at the superfamily level in Cucujiformia: (Coccinelloidea, (Cleroidea, ((Lymexyloidea, Tenebrionoidea), (Erotyloidea, (Nitiduloidea, (Cucujoidea, (Chrysomeloidea, Curculionoidea))))))). Our comprehensive analyses recovered well‐resolved higher‐level phylogenetic relationships within the Cucujiformia, providing a stable framework for comprehending its evolutionary history.
The effect of position on feeding performance in infants with cleft lip and palate: Quasiexperimental study
Authors: Erdost Şerife Kartal , Gözen Duygu
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This single‐group, quasiexperimental study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding position on the physiological parameters and feeding performance of term‐born infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) in the preoperative period.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 45 infants aged 0–6 months with CLP followed up preoperatively in our outpatient clinic between January 2021 and 2022. Infants who were being fed with a specialty bottle for babies with CLP and whose families consented to participate in the study were included. After 2 h of fasting, the infants were fed in the elevated supine (ESU) position for the first meal, then in the elevated side‐lying (ESL) position for the second meal after another 2 h of fasting. The infants' heart rate and oxygen saturation values before, during, and after each feed and indicators of feeding performance were compared between the positions.

Results

There was no significant difference between the positions in terms of heart rate and oxygen saturation before, during, or after feeding (p > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in measures of feeding performance according to the infants' feeding position (p > .05).

Conclusion

According to the findings obtained in this study, infants with CLP showed no statistically significant differences in heart rate, oxygen saturation, or feeding performance when fed in the ESL and ESU positions.

Practice Implications

However, despite the lack of statistical significance, both physiological values and feeding performance tended to be better when the infants were fed in the ESL position, nurses can practice ESL position according to the infant's opposite direction of the side of the cleft lip or palate.
Sleep characteristics in underweight young females across their menstrual cycles: A sleep‐monitoring survey study with preliminary results
Authors: Kayaba Momoko , Yajima Katsuhiko , Nogami Mao , Nose‐Ogura Sayaka , Ogata Hitomi
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the association between underweight and sleep in young females across their menstrual cycles. A lifestyle‐monitoring survey was conducted among 38 female university students aged 18–24 years in Japan from January to December 2023. Sleep data from 28 participants were analysed. Participants were categorized into underweight (n = 10) and control (n = 18) groups based on a baseline body mass index cut‐off of 18.5 kg m−2. Sleep parameters were assessed using a daily sleep questionnaire, sleep sensor mats, and urinary melatonin metabolites across their menstrual cycles. The results indicated no significant differences in sleep patterns between the underweight and control groups or menstrual cycle phases, as assessed using both the daily sleep questionnaire and the sleep sensor mats. However, underweight participants experienced more difficulty maintaining sleep during the follicular phase. Body mass index significantly correlated with sleep efficiency (rs = 0.52) and wake after sleep onset (rs = −0.56). While urinary melatonin metabolite levels did not differ significantly between the groups or menstrual cycle phases, decreased levels during the luteal phase were more prevalent in the underweight group (7 of 10 participants) than in the control group (3 of 13 participants). This study suggests an association between underweight and sleep quality, especially nocturnal awakening, in young females. These findings underscore the importance of considering sleep quality in the management of underweight young females to improve their overall health outcomes.
Peer support for people living with hepatitis B virus—A foundation for treatment expansion
Authors: Downs Louise O. , Kabagambe Kenneth , Williams Sarah , Waddilove Elizabeth , Delphin Marion , Lumley Sheila F. , Ndungutse Richard , Kimono Beatrice , Newton Robert , Ko Joy , Martyn Emily , Carter Jessica , Kemper Agnieszka , Monteiro Fernando , O'Regan Sive , Surey Julian , Sultan Binta , Story Alistair , MacDonald Douglas , Tu Thomas , Seeley Janet , Dusheiko Geoffrey , Maponga Tongai , Andersson Monique I. , Spearman C. Wendy , Tucker Joseph D. , Cohen Chari , Wang Su , Adda Danjuma , Freeland Catherine , Halford Rachel , Jack Kathryn , Ghosh Indrajit , Elsharkawy Ahmed M. , Matthews Philippa C. , Flanagan Stuart
Published: May 2024

Chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) affects 300 million people worldwide and is being targeted by the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), working towards elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a public health threat. In this piece, we explore the evidence and potential impact of peer support to enhance and promote interventions for people living with CHB. Peer support workers (PSWs) are those with lived experience of an infection, condition or situation who work to provide support for others, aiming to improve education, prevention, treatment and other clinical interventions and to reduce the physical, psychological and social impacts of disease. Peer support has been shown to be a valuable tool for improving health outcomes for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), but to date has not been widely available for communities affected by HBV. HBV disproportionately affects vulnerable and marginalised populations, who could benefit from PSWs to help them navigate complicated systems and provide advocacy, tackle stigma, improve education and representation, and optimise access to treatment and continuity of care. The scale up of peer support must provide structured and supportive career pathways for PSWs, account for social and cultural needs of different communities, adapt to differing healthcare systems and provide flexibility in approaches to care. Investment in peer support for people living with CHB could increase diagnosis, improve retention in care, and support design and roll out of interventions that can contribute to global elimination goals.
ECEIM consensus statement on equine kidney disease
Authors: van Galen Gaby , Divers Thomas J. , Savage Victoria , Schott Harold C. , Siwinska Natalia
Published: May 2024

The aim of this consensus statement is to summarize and appraise scientific evidence and combine this with the clinical experience of a panel of experts to optimize recommendations on how to recognize and manage kidney disease in horses.
Environmental‐driven dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages in the Bay of Bengal, Southeast coast of India
Authors: Manigandan Vajravelu , Sarangi Ranjit Kumar , Jeyapragash Danaraj , Ayyappan Saravanakumar
Published: May 2024

A study conducted from January to December 2018 examined seasonal variations in horizontal phytoplankton communities. A total of 93 species were identified, including 63 Coscinodiscophyceae, 4 Fragilariophyceae, 7 Bacillariophyceae, 15 Dinophyceae, and 4 Cyanophyceae. The highest species diversity and abundance occurred during the postmonsoon and premonsoon periods. Environmental parameters (viz., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, silicate, total suspended solids) were all statistically significant except for nitrite (p > .05). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA and CCA) revealed that in the postmonsoon period, silicate and nitrate were responsible for the proliferation of phytoplankton abundance, species composition and density, while in the premonsoon period, temperature, salinity, and pH significantly influenced and favored specific phytoplankton groups (such as Chaetocerotaceae) in terms of species composition and abundance.
Effect of a simplified approach on recovery of children 6–59 months with wasting in Ethiopia: A noninferiority, cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maru Yetayesh , Tamiru Dessalegn , Baye Kaleab , Chitekwe Stanley , Laillou Arnaud , Darsene Hiwot , Abdulai Rashid , Worku Mesfin , Belachew Tefera
Published: May 2024

Worldwide, nearly 45 million children under the age of 5 years were affected by wasting in 2022. Ethiopia has been challenged by disasters increasing the caseload of children with wasting. This study aimed to determine the effect of a simplified approach on recovery of children with acute malnutrition as compared with the standard protocol. A cluster randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial was carried out in three regions of Ethiopia from December 4, 2021, to July 30, 2022. A total of 58 clusters (health posts) were randomized into intervention and control groups. Children with SAM in the intervention groups received two sachets of Ready‐to‐Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), whereas children in the control groups received RUTF based on their body weight. Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) received one sachet of RUTF and one sachet of Ready‐to‐Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) daily in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Per protocol (PP) and intention‐to‐treat analysis were used to compare recovery at a noninferiority margin of 15%. Data were collected from 55 health posts and 1032 children. In the PP analysis, the recovery rate of children with wasting among the simplified group (97.8%) was noninferior to the standard protocol group (97.7%), p = 0.399. The RUTF cost per treatment of child with SAM was 56.55 USD for the standard versus 42.78 USD for the simplified approach. The simplified approach is noninferior to the standard protocol in terms of recovery and has a lower cost of RUTF. Further study is recommended to assess the effectiveness of the simplified approach in emergency contexts.
Drivers of genomic differentiation landscapes in populations of disparate ecological and geographical settings within mainland Apis cerana
Authors: Dong Jiangxing , Qiu Lifei , Zhou Xin , Liu Shanlin
Published: May 2024

Elucidating the evolutionary processes that drive population divergence can enhance our understanding of the early stages of speciation and inform conservation management decisions. The honeybee Apis cerana displays extensive population divergence, providing an informative natural system for exploring these processes. The mainland lineage A. cerana includes several peripheral subspecies with disparate ecological and geographical settings radiated from a central ancestor. Under this evolutionary framework, we can explore the patterns of genome differentiation and the evolutionary models that explain them. We can also elucidate the contribution of non‐genomic spatiotemporal mechanisms (extrinsic features) and genomic mechanisms (intrinsic features) that influence these genomic differentiation landscapes. Based on 293 whole genomes, a small part of the genome is highly differentiated between central–peripheral subspecies pairs, while low and partial parallelism partly reflects idiosyncratic responses to environmental differences. Combined elements of recurrent selection and speciation‐with‐gene‐flow models generate the heterogeneous genome landscapes. These elements weight differently between central‐island and other central–peripheral subspecies pairs, influenced by glacial cycles superimposed on different geomorphologies. Although local recombination rates exert a significant influence on patterns of genomic differentiation, it is unlikely that low‐recombination rates regions were generated by structural variation. In conclusion, complex factors including geographical isolation, divergent ecological selection and non‐uniform genome features have acted concertedly in the evolution of reproductive barriers that could reduce gene flow in part of the genome and facilitate the persistence of distinct populations within mainland lineage of A. cerana.
Ecological impacts of a global plant invader: synthesizing mean and variance effects using meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahmad Rameez , Lone Showkeen Ahmad , Rashid Irfan , Khuroo Anzar Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one amongst the dominant drivers of global environmental change. The reported effects of IAS on biodiversity and ecosystems are often highly variable across species, habitats, and environmental settings, which constrains our capacity to empirically generalise their overall impact. To date, meta‐analyses have investigated the ecological impacts of IAS using only mean effects, while variance effects – an equally important measure in quantifying the efficacy or generalizability of a treatment – has largely remained ignored. Using a global meta‐analysis of 586 and 522 effect sizes related to mean and variance measures respectively from 30 studies, here we provide the first quantitative synthesis of the extent to which a global plant invader Lantana camara affects the mean and variance of ecological variables relevant at species, community and ecosystem levels. Our results suggest that for individual response classes, both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion differed considerably in their magnitude and direction, with the effect on most response classes being highly heterogeneous and non‐significant. The study design had a significant effect on both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion, but the ecosystem type, continent, and latitude act as weak predictors of both mean and variance effects. By investigating both mean and variance effects, our study provides first quantitative synthesis on ecological impacts of a globally problematic invasive plant. Based on our findings, we highlight the current knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions, particularly the need to focus on causes of variance in invasion impact studies for effective management and restoration of invaded landscapes.
High rates of nectar depletion in summer grasslands indicate competitive conditions for pollinators
Authors: Sponsler Douglas , Dominik Christophe , Biegerl Carolin , Honchar Hanna , Schweiger Oliver , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf
Published: May 2024

Competition among pollinators for floral resources is a phenomenon of both basic and applied importance. While competition is difficult to measure directly under field conditions, it can be inferred indirectly through the measurement of floral resource depletion. In this study, we conducted a pollinator exclusion experiment to calculate nectar depletion rates in summer across 16 grassland sites in the German regions of Franconia and Saxony‐Anhalt. Overall depletion rates were estimated at 95% in Franconia and 79% in Saxony‐Anhalt, indicating strong nectar limitation and likely competition among pollinators for nectar. Despite being ubiquitous in our study regions, honey bees were scarce at our sites at the time of nectar sampling. This demonstrates that wild pollinators alone are capable of massive nectar depletion, and the addition of managed honey bees to wild pollinator communities may intensify already competitive conditions. Nevertheless, the manifest diversity of the pollinator communities at our sites indicates that other factors, such as non‐trophic constraints or temporal variation in nectar limitation, can mitigate competitive exclusion despite immediate conditions of acute nectar scarcity.
Genome‐wide identification of phasiRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, and insights into biogenesis, temperature sensitivity, and organ specificity
Authors: Feng Zedi , Ma Xiaoxia , Wu Xiaomei , Wu Wenyuan , Shen Bo , Li Shaolei , Tang Yinju , Wang JiaCen , Shao Chaogang , Meng Yijun
Published: May 2024

The knowledge of biogenesis and target regulation of the phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) needs continuous update, since the phasiRNA loci are dynamically evolved in plants. Here, hundreds of phasiRNA loci of Arabidopsis thaliana were identified in distinct tissues and under different temperature. In flowers, most of the 24‐nt loci are RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2)‐dependent, while the 21‐nt loci are RDR6‐dependent. Among the RDR‐dependent loci, a significant portion is Dicer‐like 1‐dependent, indicating the involvement of microRNAs in their expression. Besides, two TAS candidates were discovered. Some interesting features of the phasiRNA loci were observed, such as the strong strand bias of phasiRNA generation, and the capacity of one locus for producing phasiRNAs by different increments. Both organ specificity and temperature sensitivity were observed for phasiRNA expression. In leaves, the TAS genes are highly activated under low temperature. Several trans‐acting siRNA—target pairs are also temperature‐sensitive. In many cases, the phasiRNA expression patterns correlate well with those of the processing signals. Analysis of the rRNA‐depleted degradome uncovered several phasiRNA loci to be RNA polymerase II‐independent. Our results should advance the understanding on phasiRNA biogenesis and regulation in plants.
Modulation of fluorescence and phosphorescence of organoboron compounds from ortho‐substituted phenolic Schiff bases by structural modification
Authors: Chowdhury Arkaprava , Dasgupta Souradip , Gaur Nrita , Shukla Aparna , Adhyapak Pranav , Kabra Dinesh , Datta Anindya
Published: May 2024

Light emission from organoboron compounds of Schiff bases is found to depend strongly on their chemical structure. Two of these compounds (OB1 and OB2), which contain a benzene ring between the Schiff base moieties, exhibit weak fluorescence in methanol, with marked viscosity dependence. Fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds are in picosecond timescale, as determined by femtosecond optical gating (FOG). A significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity and lifetime is observed at 77 K, indicating the operation of an activated nonradiative process. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), OB1 and OB2 are shown to be potential membrane probes. The third (OB3), which is devoid of this benzene ring, exhibits relatively stronger fluorescence with nanosecond lifetimes at room temperature. No viscosity dependence is observed in this case. The emission spectrum at 77 K is markedly more intense and exhibits an additional red shifted structured feature, which persists for a few seconds. Hence, OB3 seems to have greater promise not only as fluorescent probe but also for light harvesting. The marked improvement of the light emission properties of OB3 compared with OB1 and OB2 is likely to serve as a pointer for the design of Schiff base‐derived organoboron luminophores with diverse potential applications.