bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O argumento da segurança na atuação do poder judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Arruda Nascimento Daniel , Bittencourt de Oliveira Carolina
Published: December 2021

Em um ambiente onde as razões de segurança roubaram o lugar da razão de Estado, uma vez que não se questiona mais se é o Estado necessário ou não, e não está mais em jogo se o Estado pode lançar mão de todas as suas potencialidades para conservar a sua própria existência, estabelecemos as considerações que se seguem. Como sublinha o filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, nossa principal referência teórica no presente artigo, estamos diante de um processo em curso que faz as democracias ocidentais se desenvolverem no sentido de algo que se deve, desde já, chamar de Estado de Segurança, com o avultamento de três aspectos bem reconhecíveis: a produção e manutenção de um clima generalizado de medo, a despolitização dos cidadãos por todos os meios possíveis, a liquefação da certeza e da efetividade da lei, ou melhor, a orientação consciente para um estado de relativização ou indeterminação jurídica. Temperado no horizonte biopolítico, com dispositivos de captura disseminados lá onde nem conseguimos mais distinguir com nitidez, o Estado Securitário fará da segurança e da necessidade de se garanti-la o seu embaixador maior, produzindo, contudo, contraditoriamente, sempre mais insegurança. Gostaríamos de, nas linhas que se seguem, explorar particularmente o último aspecto do denominado Estado Securitário, qual seja, a orientação consciente para um estado de relativização ou indeterminação jurídica, situando-o na realidade jurisprudencial brasileira, sob o recorte ilustrativo de algumas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Em outras palavras, busca-se analisar de que modo o argumento da segurança é mobilizado pela instituição para fundamentar as suas decisões.
Efectos comunitarios de los regímenes agroalimentarios
Authors: Méndez Diego
Published: December 2021

En el presente trabajo se reconstruye el modelo de transformaciones agrosocioeconómicas que subyace en The Struggle for Maize de Elizabeth Fitting, obra que interpreta un conjunto de datos etnográficos e históricos de una comunidad del sur del valle de Tehuacán, México, en relación con dinámicas mundiales o continentales de la producción y distribución alimentaria. La autora apela a la teoría de los regímenes agroalimentarios de Philip McMichael y otros autores para dar cuenta de un desarrollo agrosocioeconómico local. La labor de acople que realiza The Struggle for Maize implica un modelo de la articulación entre lo mundial y lo local; un modelo que podría generalizarse para dar cuenta de dinámicas en otros escenarios. Sin embargo, hay que extraerlo pues The Struggle for Maize no lo presenta a modo de un esquema conciso y explícito. A ese fin se orienta el presente artículo: con base en la teoría de categorías, aquí se reconstruye el modelo mencionado como un diagrama de la categoría de los conjuntos. La intención principal es explorar las posibilidades expresivas del aparato en cuestión, así como desarrollar un modo de presentación didáctico que le permita al lector entender cabalmente la propuesta de Fitting y comprender el instrumento reconstructor empleado. El presente texto ilustra una manera de reconstruir arquitecturas conceptuales usando como ejemplo una monografía académica con importante impacto social, pues incide en la discusión actual sobre la soberanía alimentaria.
Sócrates, Hadot e os exercícios espirituais
Authors: Rosa Freitas Frank Alexandre
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar a importância vital do diálogo socrático e, em especial, na figura de Sócrates na construção da tese dos exercícios espirituais de Pierre Hadot e a transformação/construção ética do sujeito ante a condição frágil e vulnerável do ser humano. Esse objetivo é aqui pensado a partir da interpretação que Hadot faz da figura de Sócrates e da filosofia antiga. Com efeito, desde o início do pensamento grego, o Sábio aparece como uma norma viva e concreta como nota Hadot: “essas pesquisas, essas reflexões sobre o Sábio como norma se fixaram pouco a pouco, por muitas razões, na figura única de Sócrates”. Sócrates torna-se o mediador entre o ideal transcendente de sabedoria e a realidade ética humana concreta.
Liberdade e (in)determinação em Grande sertão: veredas
Authors: Campos Soares Claudia
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho buscou discutir aspectos da relação entre liberdade e destino conformese apresentam em Grande sertão: veredas, de João Guimarães Rosa. Para isso, recorreu,principalmente, à ideia de evento, ou acontecimento, conforme pensada por Jacques Derrida.
Relativity of Energy
Authors: Jamali Alireza
Published: December 2021

After proposing the Principle of Minimum Gravitational Potential, in a pursuit to find the explanation behind the correction to Newton's gravitational potential that accounts for Mercury's orbit, by finding all the higher-order corrections it is shown that the consequences of the existence of speed of light for gravity are not yet fully explored.
Use of X-Ray Mutagenesis to Increase Genetic Diversity of Zantedeschia aethiopica for Early Flowering, Improved Tolerance to Bacterial Soft Rot and Higher Yield
Authors: Reznik Noam , Subedi Bijaya Sharma , Weisman Shoshana , Friesem Gavriel , Carmi Nir , Yedidia Iris , Sharon-Cohen Michal
Published: December 2021

The development of new cultivars is important for the profitability of the floriculture industry. There are a limited number of cultivars of Zantedeschia aethiopica, an iconic ornamental cut flower, garden plant, and potted plant, due to the incompatibility of interspecific crossings within the genus. Most present-day varieties are the result of spontaneous mutations or classical breeding within the species, followed by a long selection process. Breeders are very interested in the development of a time- and cost-effective method for producing new Z. aethiopica cultivars with novel characteristics. Here, Z. aethiopica mutants were generated by treating seeds with 100 Gy of X-ray radiation. The resulting putative mutants were selected based on particular flowering parameters and compared to non-irradiated, control plants. Over two growing seasons, characteristics such as early flowering, flower size and shape, yield and response to soft-rot disease were monitored and considerable variation was observed among the mutated lines. Out of 319 mutants, 20 lines were selected based on their phenotypes and then propagated and further analyzed. Within this group, only two phenotypes displayed at least five improved flowering properties under natural, Mediterranean conditions. The rest displayed two to four desired combinations of flowering traits, some with great commercial potential.
First Report on the Occurrence of Benzoxazinoids in an Invasive Weed Plant, Woolly Cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa (Thunb./Kunth)
Authors: Makleit Peter , Veres Szilvia , Szilágyi Arnold
Published: December 2021

Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth) is a common weed in East Asia and North America. This weed plant spreading quickly in Europa. There are several reasons for the successfulness, especially its germination properties. As other Panicoideae species contain benzoxazinoids it was supposed that woolly cupgrass also contains these chemicals. For this reason the benzoxazinoid content of plants at the stage of flowering was investigated. As it was supposed, woolly cupgrass contain benzoxazinoids, which is a novel occurrence of these chemicals in Poaceae family.
Human Rights, Islamophobia, and the War on Terrorism
Authors: Daud Aidir Amin
Published: December 2021

Declaration of Human Rights is one of the universal law products, which has become an agreement for the civilization of nations. Hence, everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. One of the substances of Human Rights principles is not to allow the growth of repressive attitudes from all elements in society. Including the attitude and role of the media as the guardian of human rights. This study analyzes the role of media in the production process of anti-Muslim frames, contributing to the growth of islamophobia, thereby supporting the government's repressive efforts and ignoring human rights principles. This study is a qualitative study related to the trends and challenges of islamophobia and the war on terrorism from a global perspective. The results show that islamophobia has led to the Muslim community's discrimination, exclusion, and acceptance of prejudice. This activity creates a scourge for decision-makers in many countries with numerous attributes associated with its growth. The originality of this paper exhibits a comprehensive investigation of islamophobia, international law, and terrorism. The result also showed that the media tend to discriminate due to fanaticism, violence, and terror in many extreme religious groups, thereby encouraging the spread of islamophobia.
El confinamiento a través de la poesía española del siglo XXI: los «poemas confinados» de Germán Talaván: neohistoricismo, emociones y lingüística cognitiva
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la literatura pestífera en la literatura española del siglo XXI a través de la obra del poeta Germán Talaván. Se aplicará la corriente neohistoricista para contrastar la descripción que el autor hace sobre la eclosión de la pandemia de la COVID-19 durante los meses en los que hay un confinamiento domiciliario en el país con la visión que proporcionaban otros medios de comunicación. Posteriormente, se estudiarán los recursos retóricos que usa el autor prestando atención a la metáfora y a la metonimia, para finalizar con un análisis desde la crítica psicoanalítica que permitirá proporcionar una visión holística de la «producción poética confinada» de Talaván en su contexto. A modo de conclusión, la literatura pestífera es un género de un gran valor artístico, cultural e histórico debido a que refleja de forma artística la cruda realidad que genera la rápida expansión de enfermedades infectocontagiosas.
Teixeira de Queirós y la crítica positivista
Authors: Lourenço António Apolinário
Published: December 2021

Francisco Teixeira de Queirós es, después de Eça de Queirós, el novelista más representativo del naturalismo portugués. La novela anticlerical que publicó en 1877, Amor Divino, mereció el aplauso de la crítica positivista, que le reconoció una excelente calidad artística e incluso lo consideró poseedor de una cultura científica más profunda que la de Eça de Queirós. La luna de miel entre Teixeira de Queirós y los positivistas, que dominaban la prensa cultural lusa, se mantuvo cuando este publicó, en 1879, una nueva novela: Os noivos. Pero la tolerancia y la benevolencia de los positivistas hacia el novelista no duraría mucho; solo el tiempo suficiente para que los discípulos de Teófilo Braga, la figura dominante del positivismo portugués, se dieran cuenta de que Teixeira de Queirós no estaba dispuesto a someterse a la tutela intelectual de Teófilo.
Physical Modeling of the Controlled Water-Flowing Fracture Development during Short-Wall Block Backfill Mining
Authors: Zhang Yun , Liu Yongzi , Lai Xingping , Gao Jianming
Published: December 2021

Short-wall block backfill mining (SBBM) technology is an effective method to solve the environmental problems in the mining process. Based on the technical characteristics of SBBM technology and the physical similarity criterion, the physical similarity models for comparing the control effects of water-flowing fracture (WFF) development using short-wall block cave mining (SBCM) and SBBM were established, and the deformation and the WFF development of overlying strata above gob were monitored. The test results determined that the composite materials of 5 mm thick pearl sponge+5 mm thick sponge+10 mm thick paper+6 mm thick board were adopted as the similar backfill materials by comparing the stress-strain curves between the similar backfill materials and the original gangue sample. When the backfilling body was filled into the gob, it would be the permanent bearing body, which bore the load of the overlying strata accompanied with the protective coal pillar. At the same time, the backfilling body also filled the collapse space of overlying strata, which was equivalent to reduce the mining height, and effectively reduced the subsidence and failure height of the overlying strata. Compared with SBCM, the test results showed that the maximum vertical deformation, the height of water-flowing fractured zone, and activity range of overlying strata using SBBM were reduced by 91.4%, 82.5%, and 64.9%, respectively. SBBM had a significant control effect on strata damage and WFF development, which could realize the purpose of water resource protection in coal mines.
A Two-Phase Flow Model for Reserves Estimation in Tight-Oil and Gas-Condensate Reservoirs Using Scaling Principles
Authors: Ruiz Maraggi L. M. , Lake L. W. , Walsh M. P.
Published: December 2021

A common approach to forecast production from unconventional reservoirs is to extrapolate single-phase flow solutions. This approach ignores the effects of multiphase flow, which exist once the reservoir pressure falls below the bubble/dewpoint. This work introduces a new two-phase (oil and gas) flow solution suitable to extrapolating oil and gas production using scaling principles. In addition, this study compares the application of the two-phase and the single-phase solutions to estimates of production from tight-oil wells in the Wolfcamp Formation of west Texas.

First, we combine the oil and the gas flow equations into a single two-phase flow equation. Second, we introduce a two-phase pseudopressure to help linearize the pressure diffusivity equation. Third, we cast the two-phase diffusion equation into a dimensionless form using inspectional analysis. The output of the model is a predicted dimensionless flow rate that can be easily scaled using two parameters: a hydrocarbon pore volume and a characteristic time. This study validates the solution against results of a commercial simulator. We also compare the results of both the two-phase and the single-phase solutions to forecast wells.

The results of this research are the following: First, we show that single-phase flow solutions will consistently underestimate the oil ultimate recovery factors (URFs) for solution gas drives. The degree of underestimation will depend on the reservoir and flowing conditions as well as the fluid properties. Second, this work presents a sensitivity analysis of the pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties, which shows that lighter oils (more volatile) will yield larger recovery factors for the same drawdown conditions. Third, we compare the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) predictions for two-phase and single-phase solutions under boundary-dominated flow (BDF) conditions. The results show that single-phase flow solutions will underestimate the ultimate cumulative oil production of wells because they do not account for liberation of dissolved gas and its subsequent expansion (pressure support) as the reservoir pressure falls below the bubblepoint. Finally, the application of the two-phase model provides a better fit when compared with the single-phase solution.

The present model requires very little computation time to forecast production because it only uses two fitting parameters. It provides more realistic estimates of URFs and EURs, when compared with single-phase flow solutions, because it considers the expansion of the oil and gas phases for saturated flow. Finally, the solution is flexible and can be applied to forecast both tight-oil and gas condensate wells.
Asphaltene Thermodynamic Precipitation during Miscible Nitrogen Gas Injection
Authors: Elturki Mukhtar , Imqam Abdulmohsin
Published: December 2021

For many years, miscible gas injection has been the most beneficial enhanced oil recovery method in the oil and gas industry. However, injecting a miscible gas to displace oil often causes the flocculation and deposition of asphaltenes, which subsequently leads to a number of production problems. Nitrogen gas (N2) injection has been used to enhance oil recovery in some oil fields, seeking to improve oil recovery. However, few works have implemented N2 injection and investigated its effect on asphaltene precipitation and deposition. This research investigated the N2 miscible flow mechanism in nanopores and its impact on asphaltene precipitations, which can plug pores and reduce oil recovery. First, a slimtube was used to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of N2 to ensure that all of the experiments would be conducted at levels above the MMP. Second, filtration experiments were conducted using nanocomposite filter membranes to study asphaltene deposition on the membranes. A filtration apparatus was designed specifically and built to accommodate the filter membranes. The factors studied include N2 injection pressure, temperature, N2 mixing time, and pore size heterogeneity. Visualization tests were conducted to highlight the asphaltene precipitation process over time. Increasing the N2 injection pressure resulted in an increase in the asphaltene weight percent in all experiments. Decreasing the pore size of the filter membranes increased the asphaltene weight percent. More N2 mixing time also resulted in an increase in asphaltene weight percent, especially early in the process. Visualization tests revealed that after 1 hour, the asphaltene particles were conspicuous, and more asphaltene clusters were found in the test tubes of the oil samples from the filter with the smallest pore size. Chromatography analysis of the produced oil confirmed the reduction in the asphaltene weight percent. Microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the filter membranes indicated significant pore plugging from the asphaltenes, especially for the smaller pore sizes. This research highlights the severity of asphaltene deposition during miscible N2 injection in nanopore structures so as to understand the main factors that may affect the success of miscible N2 injection in unconventional reservoirs.
The Effect of Climate Change Adaption strategies on Household Welfare in Rural Ethiopia: A Panel Endogenous Switching Estimation
Authors: Mogess Yohannes Kefale , Degu Dereje
Published: December 2021

Climate change has had a serious effect on farm output, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce the effect of climate change farmers require adopting mitigation strategies. Systematic use of crop rotation and improved seed is a pathway to increase farm income, but adoption of these strategies remains low. We investigate the effect of climate change on farm households’ welfare in terms of farm income and explore whether the adoption of crop rotation and improved seed varieties is a strategy to increase household income. In this paper, we use household-plot level data which was collected by World Bank and Central Statistical Agency (CSA) from 2011/12 to 2015/16 from rural farm households in Ethiopia. Using the three-wave panel data, the authors estimate the maximum likelihood endogenous switching regression model (MLESM) to measure the effect of climate change adaption strategies on the farm household’s welfare. The results suggest that the adoption of crop rotation and improved seed varieties helps to improve the well-being of farm households and build a resilient livelihood in rural Ethiopia. Furthermore, beyond average, we find that the effectiveness of crop rotation and improved seed is varied across farm households. Thus, policymakers should consider this heterogeneity and the adoption history of farmers when they aim to improve the practice of crop rotation and improved seed for the particular poor farmers to increase the effectiveness of the strategies.
Evaluating Caregiver Burden as a Predictive Factor for Patient Outcomes in Patients Receiving Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy at a Tertiary Institution in Cebu City
Authors: Sy Clarence Aaron Cheng
Published: December 2021

Background: Though found to be a common occurrence in individuals caring for patients with debilitating illnesses such as cancer, caregiver burden remains underprioritized, and its relationship with patient outcomes is only sparingly described. Methodology: This cross-sectional, observational study included 50 patient-caregiver pairs receiving anti-cancer systemic therapy at a tertiary hospital in Cebu City. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Patient quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire, while caregiver burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Interview. The association between caregiver burden and patient outcomes were examined using multivariate logistic regression models and bivariate analysis.Results: Patients included in the study were predominantly females, middle-aged to elderly, and in advanced stages of disease, whereas caregivers were mostly female, and younger in relation. The usual patient-caregiver relationships were spousal and parental. Educational attainment, employment status and income varied among caregivers, and were significantly associated with caregiver burden, as were patient age, a lung primary, and limitations in patient mobility, self-care and ability to perform usual activities. On the other hand, higher levels of caregiver burden were linked to quality of life impairment, increased anxiety or depression, and more frequent hospital admissions for patients.Discussion: The level of care in patients requiring continuous assistance often leads to an imbalance of care demands relative to the caregiver’s personal time and space, roles and resources, the latter being particularly relevant in the third-world setting where healthcare expenditure remains largely out-of-pocket. Patients likewise suffer from the burden they unwillingly impose on caregivers, with self-perceived burden contributing significantly to patient anxiety and depression, and influencing therapeutic choices in the direction of palliative care over curative therapy. Additionally, a higher level of caregiver burden was found to compromise the quality of care, and increase reliance on health systems, often leading to more frequent hospital admissions, perpetuating a vicious cycle of demand and burden.Conclusions: Financial standing, which can be influenced by educational attainment, employment status and income, was found to be significantly associated with caregiver burden. Patient-related factors such as age, a lung primary, and assistance requirement were also associated factors. Conversely, caregiver burden was found to influence patient quality of life via the impairment of mobility, self-care and ability to perform activities of daily living, and an increase in anxiety or depression. Higher levels of caregiver burden were also found to be associated with a higher frequency of hospital admissions for the patient.
Physiological Response and Proteomics Analysis of Reaumuria soongorica Under Salt Stress
Authors: Yan Shipeng , Chong Peifang , Zhao Ming , Liu Hongmei
Published: December 2021

Soil salinity can severely restrict plant growth. Yet Reaumuria soongorica can tolerate salinity well. However, large-scale proteomic studies of this plant’s salinity response have yet to reported. Here, R. soongorica seedlings (4 months old) were used in an experiment where NaCl solutions simulated levels of soil salinity stress. The fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf relative conductivity, proline content, and total leaf area of R. soongorica under CK (0 mM NaCl), low (200 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salt stress were determined. The results showed that the proline content of leaves was negatively correlated with salt concentration. With greater salinity, the plant fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, and total leaf area increased initially but then decreased, and vice-versa for the relative electrical conductivity of leaves. Using iTRAQ proteomic sequencing, 47, 177, 136 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in low-salt vs. CK, high-salt vs. control, and high-salt vs. low-salt comparisons, respectively. A total of 72 DEPs were further screened from the groups, of which, 34 DEPs increased and 38 DEPs decreased in abundance. These DEPs are mainly involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. Finally, 21 key DEPs (SCORE value ≥ 60 point) were identified as potential targets for salt tolerance of R. soongolica. By comparing the protein structure of treated vs. CK leaves under salt stress, we revealed the key candidate genes underpinning R. soongolica’s salt tolerance ability. This works provides fresh insight into its physiological adaptation strategy and molecular regulatory network, and a molecular basis enhancing breeding, under salt stress conditions.
Safety of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in the Elderly
Authors: Korzeniowska Katarzyna , Cieślewicz Artur , Grabańska-Martyńska Katarzyna , Jabłecka Anna
Published: December 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Optical Imaging of the Small Intestine Immune Compartments Across Scales
Authors: Planchette Arielle , Schmidt Cédric , Burri Olivier , de Agüero Mercedes Gomez , Radenovic Aleksandra , Mylonas Alessio , Extermann Extermann
Published: December 2021

The limitations of 2D microscopy constrain our ability to observe and understand tissue-wide networks that are, by nature, 3-dimensional. Optical projection tomography enables the acquisition of large volumes (ranging from micrometres to centimetres) in various tissues, with label-free capacities for the observation of auto-fluorescent signals as well fluorescent-labelled targets of interest in multiple channels. We present a multi-modal workflow for the characterization of both structural and quantitative parameters of the mouse small intestine. As proof of principle, we evidence its applicability for imaging the mouse intestinal immune compartment and surrounding mucosal structures. We quantify the volumetric size and spatial distribution of Isolated Lymphoid Follicles (ILFs) and quantify density of villi throughout centimetre long segments of intestine. Furthermore, we exhibit the age- and microbiota-dependence for ILF development, and leverage a technique that we call reverse-OPT for identifying and homing in on regions of interest. Several quantification capabilities are displayed, including villous density in the autofluorescent channel and the size and spatial distribution of the signal of interest at millimetre-scale volumes. The concatenation of 3D image acquisition with the reverse-OPT sample preparation and a 2D high-resolution imaging modality adds value to interpretations made in 3D. This cross-modality referencing technique is found to provide accurate localisation of ROIs and to add value to interpretations made in 3D. Importantly, OPT may be used to identify sparsely-distributed regions of interest in large volumes whilst retaining compatibility with high-resolution microscopy modalities, including confocal microscopy. We believe this pipeline to be approachable for a wide-range of specialties, and to provide a new method for characterisation of the mouse intestinal immune compartment.
Maintenance Preventive Analysis in Additive Manufacturing Equipment using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Ayala Pablo , Herrera Hugo Francisco López
Published: December 2021

Maintenance preventive (PM) on equipment is a very important issue for an effective manufacturing system, since the improper MP might cause many problems affecting productivity, precision, flexibility and quality of the products negatively. On the other hand, analysis of MP equipment among many alternatives can be a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this study, an integrated approach which employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking elements, is proposed for the MP equipment of 3D printer machine. The AHP is used to analyze the structure of the equipment problems and to determine weights of the criteria, and this method is used to obtain final ranking. Proposed approach is applied to a problem of 3D printer machines to be established a MP strategy.
Assessing The Public Health Benefits of Parkrun By Modelling Performance And Participation At Events In Scotland
Authors: Gilburn Andre
Published: December 2021

Background: parkrun is a hugely successful public health initiative that encourages inactive people to exercise. The parkrun results database is likely to contain a wealth of potentially important public health information on the fitness benefits and participation patterns of parkrun, yet this resource has been ignored. The aim was to identify patterns in performance and attendance of participants at parkrun events in Scotland to enhance the future health benefits of parkrun through widening participation particularly by identifying features of events that overcome barriers to women taking part.Study design: The study conducted linear and binomial mixed models of age-graded performance, sex ratio and age of participants at parkrun events held in Scotland. Predictor variables were age, sex, parkrun ID number, number of runs, elevation gain, surface type and travelling time to the next nearest parkrun event. The data were generated from parkrun results pages for 56 events in Scotland. Results: There was a decline in the mean performance of participants at events, however individual performances improved over time. The sex ratio was male biased but the proportion of female participants has been increasing. Events in the most remote parts of Scotland had the lowest age graded performance scores and the highest proportion of female participants with the remotest events exhibiting a female bias in participation. Events on slower surfaces had a higher proportion of female participants.Conclusion: This study reports that parkrun events are becoming more inclusive with new participants being increasingly unfit women. In remoter parts of Scotland the traditional male bias in participation in sport has actually become a slight female bias revealing parkrun has seemingly overcome traditional barriers to female participation in sport. Events with slower surfaces had more female participants. Prioritising the creation of events at more remote locations and on slower surfaces could increase inclusivity and widen participation further. These findings could also help general practitioners prescribe those events that are most likely to benefit new participants making the parkrun practice initiative more effective. For example, women might be encouraged to attend traditionally slower events than men.
Simple Hurricane Model: Asymmetry and Dynamics
Authors: Mendes David , Júnior José Francisco de Oliveira , Mendes Monica Cristina Damião , Filho Washington Luiz Félix Correia
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, the development of several products and hurricane-related models has attempted to predict the dynamic conditions of these systems and regions beyond they can impact. Thus, this article presents a parametric model to describe wind asymmetry in these systems. For this, the analysis of this model was applied in Hurricane Ike, which occurred in September 2008. In this model, the tangential wind field above the boundary layer was considered in balance with the thermal wind. It was possible to identify that as Hurricane Ike evolves, tangential velocity also evolves. Thus, there was a change in static, baroclinic, and inertial stability. An exponential radial reduction was included for maximum speed, and, therefore, the maximum winds always to the right of the hurricane displacement were identified. In addition, pumping near the surface had an influx into this system induced caused by drag between the air and the surface.
Elevated Average Maximum Intrabolus Pressure on High-Resolution Manometry is Associated with Esophageal Dysmotility and Delayed Esophageal Emptying on Timed Barium Esophagram
Authors: Madigan Katelyn , Smith J. Shawn , Evans Joni , Clayton Steven
Published: December 2021

Background
Intrabolus pressure (IBP) recorded by high-resolution manometry (HRM) portrays the compartmentalized force on a bolus during esophageal peristalsis. HRM may be a reliable screening tool for esophageal dysmotility in patients with elevated average maximum IBP (AM-IBP). Timed barium esophagram (TBE) is a validated measure of esophageal emptying disorders, such as esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and achalasia. This study aimed to determine if an elevated AM-IBP correlates with esophageal dysmotility on HRM and/or delayed esophageal emptying on TBE.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of all HRM (unweighted sample n=155) performed at a tertiary referral center from 09/2015-03/2017 yielded a case group (n=114) with abnormal AM-IBP and a control group (n=41) with a normal AM-IBP (pressure<17mmHg) as consistent with Chicago Classification 3. All patients received a standardized TBE, with abnormalities classified as greater than 1 cm of retained residual liquid barium in the esophagus at 1 and 5 minutes or as tablet retention after 5 minutes.
Results
AM-IBP was significantly related to liquid barium retention (p=0.003) and tablet arrest on timed barium esophagram (p=0.011). A logistic regression model correctly predicted tablet arrest in 63% of cases. Tablet arrest on AM-IBP correlated with an optimal prediction point at 20.1 mmHg on HRM. Patients with elevated AM-IBP were more likely to have underlying esophageal dysmotility (95.6% vs. 70.7% respectively; p<0.001), particularly esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction disorders. Elevated AM-IBP was associated with incomplete liquid bolus transit on impedance analysis (p=0.002).
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that an elevated AM-IBP is associated with abnormal TBE findings of esophageal tablet retention and/or bolus stasis. An abnormal AM-IBP (greater than 20.1 mm Hg) was associated with a higher probability of retaining liquid bolus or barium tablet arrest on TBE and esophageal dysmotility on HRM. This finding supports the recent incorporation of IBP in Chicago Classification v4.0.
Exploration of Various Roles of Hypoxia Genes in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ma Jimin , Zhu Yakun , Guo Ziming , Yang Xuefei , Fan Haitao
Published: December 2021

Background: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that often metastasizes in orthopedic diseases. Although multi-drug chemotherapy and surgical treatment have significantly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma, the survival rate is still very low due to frequent metastases in patients with osteosarcoma. In-depth exploration of the relationship between various influencing factors of osteosarcoma is very important for screening promising therapeutic targets. Methods: This study used multivariate COX regression analysis to select the hypoxia genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and used the expression of these two genes to divide the patients with osteosarcoma into high-risk and low-risk groups. Then, we first constructed a prognostic model based on the patient's risk value, and compared the survival difference between the high expression group and the low expression group. Second, in the high expression group and the low expression group, compare the differences in tumor invasion and inflammatory gene expression between the two groups of immune cells. Finally, the ferroptosis-related genes with differences between the high expression group and the low expression group were screened, and the correlation between these genes was analyzed. Results: In the high-risk group, immune cells with higher tumor invasiveness, macrophages M0 and immune cells with lower invasiveness included: mast cell resting, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes. Finally, among genes related to ferroptosis, we found AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15 that may be related to hypoxia. These ferroptosis-related genes were discovered for the first time in osteosarcoma. Among them, the hypoxia gene FBP1 is positively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C1 and ALOX15, and the hypoxia gene SLC2A1 is negatively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15. Conclusion: This study constructed a prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and explored their correlation with immune cells, inflammatory markers and ferroptosis-related genes. This indicates that SLC2A1 and FBP1 are promising targets for osteosarcoma research.
A Bioinformatic Investigation of Proteasome And Autophagy Expression in The Central Nervous System
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Takeda Haruka , Honda Naoto , Hanajima Ritsuko
Published: December 2021

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) play major roles in protein quality control. However, data regarding the relative significance of UPS and ALP in the central nervous system (CNS) remain limited. In this study, we reckon the quantitative expression status of UPS- and ALP-related genes and their products in the CNS compared to that in other tissues. We collected human and mouse gene expression datasets from the reference expression dataset (RefEx) and Genevestigator (a tool for handling curated transcriptomic data from public repositories) and human proteomics data from the proteomics database (ProteomicsDB). The expression levels of genes and proteins in four categories—ubiquitin, proteasome, autophagy, and lysosome in cells and tissues were extracted. Perturbation of expression by drugs was also analyzed based on the four categories. Compared to that for the other three categories, proteasome gene expression was consistently low in the CNS of mice, and was more pronounced in humans. Neural stem cells and neurons showed low proteasome gene expressions when compared to non-neuronal stem cells. Proteomic analyses, however, did not show trends similar to those observed in the gene expression analyses. Perturbation analyses revealed that agents such as azithromycin and vitamin D3 upregulated the expression of both the UPS and ALP. Disproportional expression of the UPS and ALP might play a role in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders and this imbalance might be redressed by several therapeutic candidates.
Bimanual Motor Skill Learning With Robotics in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Gerardin Eloise , Bontemps Damien , Babuin Nicolas-Thomas , Herman Benoît , Denis Adrien , Bihin Benoît , Regnier Maxime , Leeuwerck Maria , Deltombe Thierry , Riga Audrey , Vandermeeren Yves
Published: December 2021

Background. Most activities of daily life (ADL) require cooperative bimanual movements. A unilateral stroke may severely impair bimanual ADL. How patients with stroke (re)learn to coordinate their upper limbs (ULs) is largely unknown.The objectives are to determine whether patients with chronic supratentorial stroke could achieve bimanual motor skill learning (bim-MSkL). To compare bim-MSkL between patients and healthy individuals (HIs).Methods. Twenty-four patients and ten HIs trained over 3 consecutive days on an asymmetrical bimanual coordination task (CIRCUIT) implemented as a serious game in the REAplan® robot. With a common cursor controlled by coordinated movements of the ULs through robotic handles, they performed as many laps as possible (speed constraint) on the CIRCUIT while keeping the cursor within the track (accuracy constraint). The primary outcome was a bimanual speed/accuracy trade-off (biSAT), we used a bimanual coordination factor (biCO) and bimanual forces (biFOP) for the secondary outcomes. Several clinical scales were used to evaluate motor and cognitive functions.Results. Overall, the patients showed improvements on biSAT and biCO. Based on biSAT progression, the HI achieved a larger bim-MSkL than the patients with mild to moderate impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE): 28-55, n=15) but not significantly different from those with minimal motor impairment (FMA-UE: 66, n=9). There was a significant positive correlation between biSAT evolution and the FMA-UE and Stroke Impact Scale.Conclusions. Both HI and patients with chronic stroke training on a robotic device achieved bim-MSkL, although the more impaired patients were less efficient. Bim-MSkL with REAplan® may be interesting for neurorehabilitation after stroke.Trial registration. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03974750. Registered 05 June 2019.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974750?cond=NCT03974750&draw=2&rank=1
No effect of acute exercise on the dynamic change in the expression of genes involved in epigenetic modification in professional athletes
Authors: Światowy Witold Józef , Zieliński Jacek , Osielska Maria Aleksandra , Kusy Krzysztof , Wieliński Dariusz , Pławski Andrzej , Jagodzinski Paweł
Published: December 2021

Background:The adaptation of the organism to exercise in the context of gene expression profile is an interesting phenomenon. Exercise can change the expression of individual genes due to changes in the degree of DNA methylation, changes in miRNA expression, or through methylation or acetylation of histones.Hypothesis:Acute exercise increases the expression of genes such as HDAC1, DNMT1, and JHDM1D that can affect epigenetic modifications in PBMCs.Methods:The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a change in gene expression in the blood cells during acute exercise and after a 1-hour recovery. The transcriptions of genes involved in epigenetic modifications (HDAC1, HDAC1 and JHDM1D) were examined in 9 professional athletes at rest, during consecutive stages of a treadmill exercise until exhaustion, and following recovery.Results:No significant differences in the level of transcript were observed in the course of the experiment in the tested PBMC cells. On the other hand, a significant (p = 0.007) correlation was observed in the level of the JHDM1D gene transcript and the number of monocytes in the samples obtained after reaching peak exercise intensity, but in the initial samples this correlation was not significant (p = 0.053).Conclusion:Acute physical exercise does not rapidly alter the transcript levels of the JHDM1D, DNMT1 and HDAC1 genes in PBMCs. The observed correlation between the level of JHDM1D mRNA and the level of monocytes and HDAC1 with lymphocytes requires further investigation.
Temporal changes in metal concentrations in a polluted urban basin: the contribution of multivariate techniques to the evaluation of their recovery
Authors: Tripodi Mariel Alejandra , Cueto Gerardo Ruben , Muschetto Emiliano , Hancke Diego , Suárez Olga Virginia
Published: December 2021

In urban rivers in many fast-growing cities, heavy metals pollution is one of the major quality issues. Quantifying its recovery success seems to be a difficult but necessary challenge, in part, because a complex database is generally needed to assess water quality. The overall goal of this work was to evaluate temporal changes in metal concentrations in a polluted basin applying the AEM method and to determine the physicochemical and meteorological parameters associated with these changes using the RDA. We analyzed temporal changes of 15 sites located in the Matanza Riachuelo River Basin, one of the most polluted basins in the word. For this, we collected data of metal concentrations in surface water, physicochemical parameters of water and meteorological factors of eight years (2008 to 2015) in each site. The results of this work allowed make evident temporal patterns (at different scales) in metal concentrations and several factors associated with these patterns. Also, we found that the effects of physicochemical and meteorological factors in metal concentrations were dependent of each site, possibly related to the presence of different sources of pollution or characteristics of the river. Our study showed that the combination of AEM and RDA multivariate techniques is a useful tool for both detecting temporal trends in the concentrations of environmental pollutants, which are not easily detectable in highly degraded environments, and for evaluating factors associated with these changes. These techniques could be applied to different scenarios (aquatic and terrestrial) affected by the continuous advance of human activities.
Systematically Evaluating DOTATATE and FDG as PET Immuno-Imaging Tracers of Cardiovascular Inflammation
Authors: Toner Yohana C. , Ghotbi Adam A. , Naidu Sonum , Sakurai Ken , Leent Mandy M.T. , Jordan Stefan , Ordikhani Farideh , Amadori Letizia , Sofias Alexandros Marios , Fisher Elizabeth L. , Maier Alexander , Sullivan Nathaniel , Munitz Jazz , Senders Max L. , Mason Christian , Reiner Thomas , Soultanidis Georgios , Tarkin Jason M. , Rudd James H.F. , Giannarelli Chiara , Ochando Jordi , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Kjaer Andreas , Mulder Willem J.M. , Fayad Zahi A. , Calcagno Claudia
Published: December 2021

The somatostatin receptor 2-binding PET tracer DOTATATE is emerging as an alternative to 18F-FDG to assess cardiovascular inflammation. The strengths and weaknesses of each tracer and their different specificity for inflammatory cells still need to be fully elucidated. In this manuscript, we employed mouse and rabbit animal models of inflammation. In mice, 64Cu-DOTATATE’s pharmacokinetics and timed biodistribution were determined in control (C57BL/6) and atherosclerotic (Apoe−/−) mice by ex vivo gamma counting. In vivo PET/CT, combined with ex vivo flow cytometry and gamma counting, was used to evaluate the quantification of cardiovascular inflammation by 64Cu-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG and the tracers’ cellular specificity in control versus infarcted and atherosclerotic mice. In a translational PET/MRI rabbit study, we then compared DOTATATE labeled with short-lived radioisotope 68Ga and 18F-FDG for the assessment of aortic inflammation, combined with ex vivo radiometric assays and near-infrared imaging of macrophage burden. In infarcted mice, in vivo 64Cu-DOTATATE PET showed higher differential uptake than 18F-FDG between infarcted and remote myocardium (p=0.0286), and with respect to controls (p=0.0286; n=4-6). In atherosclerotic mice, 64Cu-DOTATATE PET aortic signal, but not 18F-FDG, was higher compared to controls (p=0.0286; n=4). In both models, 64Cu-DOTATATE demonstrated preferential accumulation in macrophages with respect to other myeloid cells, while 18F-FDG uptake was less cell-specific. The translational rabbit PET/MRI study showed significantly higher aortic accumulation of both 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG in atherosclerotic compared to control animals (p=0.0002 and p=0.0159, respectively; n=10-32). In conclusion, we introduce a workflow integrating in vivo PET and ex vivo immunological and radioactivity counting assays to characterize DOTATATE and 18F-FDG as inflammation tracers in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Our results support the use of DOTATATE to assess cardiovascular inflammation, as alternative and complement to 18F-FDG. In addition, our study establishes a comprehensive and robust framework for the thorough assessment and comparison of novel and validated PET immuno-tracers in the cardiovascular arena.