bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commentary on the harm reduction reference group of justice health and forensic mental health network and corrective services NSW, Australia
Authors: Silano Julia Anne , Treloar Carla , Wright Thomas , Brown Tracey , McGrath Colette , Snoyman Phillip
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This commentary aims to reveal how a steering committee has effectively responded to advancing accessibility to harm reduction resources, hepatitis C virus (HCV) policy and health strategies within adult prison settings in New South Wales (NSW).

Design/methodology/approach

By reviewing the audit approach taken by the of the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network and Corrective Services New South Wales Harm Reduction Reference Group (JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG), this commentary emphasizes the committee’s success in identifying contemporary harm reduction issues that affect people in custodial settings. This commentary is a compilation of data gathered through the 2018 JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG audit and corresponding program materials. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the working group’s audit were drawn by critically appraising the JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG’s Final Audit Report (JHFMHN and CSNSW, 2018) with reference to current harm reduction literature.

Findings

The HRRG has provided leadership, professional representation and strategic advice on the development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of best practice harm reduction strategies in prison settings. The HRRG developed and maintained networks and information exchange between the state-wide HCV health network, corrections services and the NSW harm reduction sector at large. Public health partnerships and advocacy that involve all key players, such as the HRRG, will continue to be crucial to remove barriers to enhancing HCV harm reduction measures especially in NSW prison settings.

Social implications

Strategies such as primary prevention and treatment can mitigate the spread of HCV in the custodial system. This audit of access to harm reduction resources was conducted on behalf of the diverse group of professionals, scholars and stakeholders comprising the HRRG. This audit and other advocacy efforts of this committee can facilitate future access to quality healthcare and the necessary policies required to support a healthier prison population at large.

Originality/value

Collaborating with health authorities, researchers and social service workers can enable prison health-care systems to be guided by wider health workforce programs and public health standards. This collaboration can reduce the professional isolation of custodial health-care staff and promote a balanced approach to harm reduction policies by ensuring an equitable focus on both health and security imperatives.
Group acceptance sampling plans based on time truncated life tests for compound Weibull-exponential distribution
Authors: Yiğiter Ayten , Hamurkaroğlu Canan , Danacıoğlu Nazan
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Acceptance sampling plans are a decision-making process on the basis of a randomly selected sampling from a party, where it is not possible to completely scan the products for reasons such as time and cost being limited or the formation of damaged products during the inspection. For some products, the life span (time from beginning to failure) may be an important quality characteristic. In this case, the quality control adequacy of the products can be checked with an acceptance sampling plan based on the truncated life test with a censored scheme for the lifetime of the products. In this study, group acceptance sampling plans (GASPs) based on life tests are studied under the Type-I censored scheme for the compound Weibull-exponential (CWE) distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

GASPs based on life tests under the Type-I censored scheme for the CWE distribution are developed by using both the producer's risk and the consumer's risk.

Findings

In this study, optimum sample size, optimum number of groups and acceptance number are obtained under the Type-I censored scheme for the CWE distribution. Real data set illustration is given to show GASPs how to be used for the industry applications.

Originality/value

Different from acceptance sampling plans with just considering the producer's risk, GASPs are constructed by using two-point approach included both the producer's risk and the consumer's risk for CWE distribution.
Designing a drone assisted sample collection and testing system during epidemic outbreaks
Authors: Chakraborty Sayan , Nadar Raviarun Arumugaraj , Tiwari Aviral
Published: December 2021

Purpose

A major component in managing pandemic outbreaks involves testing the suspected individuals and isolating them to avoid transmission in the community. This requires setting up testing centres for diagnosis of the infected individuals, which usually involves movement of either patient from their residence to the testing centre or personnel visiting the patient, thus aggregating the risk of transmission to localities and testing centres. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and minimize such movements by developing a drone assisted sample collection and diagnostic system.

Design/methodology/approach

Effective control of an epidemic outbreak calls for a rapid response and involves testing suspected individuals and isolating them to avoid transmission in the community. This paper presents the problem in a two-phase manner by locating sample collection centres while assigning neighbourhoods to these collection centres and thereafter, assigning collection centres to nearest testing centres. To solve the mathematical model, this study develops a mixed-integer linear programming model and propose an integrated genetic algorithm with a local search-based approach (GA-LS) to solve the problem.

Findings

Proposed approach is demonstrated as a case problem in an Indian urban city named Kolkata. Computational results show that the integrated GA-LS approach is capable of producing good quality solutions within a short span of time, which aids to the practicality in the circumstance of a pandemic.

Social implications

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the large-scale outbreak of a transmissible disease may require a restriction of movement to take control of the exponential transmission. This paper proposes a system for the location of clinical sample collection centres in such a way that drones can be used for the transportation of samples from the neighbourhood to the testing centres.

Originality/value

Epidemic outbreaks have been a reason behind a major number of deaths across the world. The present study addresses the critical issue of identifying locations of temporary sample collection centres for drone assisted testing in major cities, which is by its nature unique and has not been considered by any other previous literature. The findings of this study will be of particular interest to the policy-makers to build a more robust epidemic resistance.
Characteristics of hemodialysis patient with critical COVID‐19
Authors: Otsubo Shigeru , Wakabayashi Shota , Aoyama Yumi , Kinoshita Kayoko , Minami Masami , Ohsima Yasuko , Kobayashi Sonomi , Otsubo Yuriko
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The clinical course of hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 still remains unclear.

Methods

Thirty‐four hemodialysis patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided according to disease severity, and clinical symptoms and laboratory data at admission were compared.

Results

The serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, d‐dimer level, and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly higher in the group with critical disease than in the group with mild to severe disease (p = 0.005, p = 0.039, and p = 0.045). The serum CRP level exceeded 10 mg/dl within 7 days of clinical onset in all the cases with critical disease.

Conclusion

Hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 who have elevated serum CRP and d‐dimer levels, and an elevated WBC count at admission and patients with serum CRP levels exceeding 10 mg/dl before day 7 after clinical onset should be carefully monitored for possible progression to critical disease.
Ocular surface microcirculation is better preserved with pulsatile versus continuous flow during cardiopulmonary bypass—An experimental pilot
Authors: Kvernebo Anne Kari , Miyamoto Takuma , Drolsum Liv , Moe Morten Carstens , Måsøy Svein‐Erik , Sunagawa Gengo , Dessoffy Raymond , Karimov Jamshid H. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Kvernebo Knut
Published: December 2021

Background

Non‐pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may induce microvascular dysregulation. In piglets, we compared ocular surface microcirculation during pulsatile versus continuous flow (CF) bypass.

Methods

Ocular surface microcirculation in small tissue volumes (~0.1 mm3) at limbus (high metabolic rate) and bulbar conjunctiva (low metabolic rate) was examined in a porcine model using computer assisted video microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, before and after 3 and 6 h of pulsatile (n = 5 piglets) or CF (n = 3 piglets) CPB. Functional capillary density, capillary flow velocity and microvascular oxygen saturation were quantified.

Results

At limbus, velocities improved with pulsatility (p < 0.01) and deteriorated with CF (p < 0.01). In bulbar conjunctiva, velocities were severely reduced with CF (p < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in capillary density (p < 0.01). Microvascular oxygen saturation decreased in both groups.

Conclusion

Ocular surface capillary densities and flow patterns are better preserved with pulsatile versus CF during 6 h of CPB in sleeping piglets.
A sustainable development goal framework to guide multisectoral action on NAFLD through a societal approach
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Mark Henry E. , Colombo Massimo , Demaio Sandro , Dillon John F. , George Jacob , Hagström Hannes , Hocking Samantha , Lee Nancy , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Rinella Mary E. , Romero‐Gomez Manuel , Soriano Joan B. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Tacke Frank , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. , Valenti Luca , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Ashworth Dirac M. , Huang Terry T.‐K.
Published: December 2021

Background

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition that requires a comprehensive and coordinated response across sectors and disciplines.

Aims

In the absence of a multisectoral framework to tackle this condition, we developed one using the sustainable development goals (SDGs) as the basis for converging thinking about the design and delivery of public health responses.

Methods

A multidisciplinary group identified the SDG targets and indicators for inclusion in the new framework through a two‐stage process. Firstly, a core team of three researchers independently reviewed the 169 targets and 231 indicators of the SDGs to select a shortlist. Over two Delphi rounds, a multidisciplinary group of 12 experts selected which of the shortlisted targets and indicators to include. Respondents also provided written feedback on their selection. Targets and indicators with 75% or greater agreement were included in the final framework.

Results

The final framework comprises 16 targets—representing 9% of all targets and 62% (16/26) of the shortlisted targets—and seven indicators, accounting for 50% (7/14) of the shortlisted indicators and 3% of all indicators. The selected targets and indicators cover a broad range of factors, from health, food and nutrition to education, the economy, and the built environment.

Conclusions

Addressing the challenge of NAFLD will require a re‐envisioning of the liver health landscape, with greater focus on joined‐up systems thinking and action. This new framework can help guide this process, including by outlining the stakeholders with whom the liver health community needs to engage.
A State of Inbetweenness: The Challenges of Working with Disavowal
Authors: Blumenthal Stephen
Published: December 2021

A presentation of emotional detachment is sometimes encountered in working with challenging patients. The term ‘disavowal’ describes a particular kind of splitting of consciousness in which the person repudiates awareness of disturbing realities or their meanings. Disavowal involves a distortion of emotional significance, rather than a distortion of perception, as in the case of a dissociative split in consciousness. Detachment protects the individual from emotional contact, which is experienced as potentially overwhelming. Safety is achieved, but at the cost of denuding mental life of meaning. With the help of detailed clinical material, the challenges of working with a person who has established a psychic retreat based upon disavowal are outlined. I describe the clinical challenges of working with someone who places themselves out of reach of emotional engagement. A state of inbetweenness protects the person from knowing about their aggressive impulses, their need for care and the passing of time. This forestalls experiencing the dangerous, shameful feelings of dependence. The clinician needs to recognize the necessity for the defensive retreat, whilst being patiently ready to enter engagement when the patient becomes available.
On Subjectivity and the Relationship with the Other: Qualitative Results of an Interview‐Study with 50 Young Muslims
Authors: Kaiser Paul Maximilian , Barth Lena , Tuncel Langbehn Gonca , Ruettner Barbara , Goetzmann Lutz
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between subjectivity and the other during the course of integration among 50 young Muslims of dual national heritage in Germany. The largest group of migrants within Germany are people of Turkish and Kurdish origin. During the summer and autumn of 2018, we interviewed 50 individuals of both genders aged between 18 and 25. The interviews were carried out and evaluated in North Germany. We saw that the ‘feeling of being held’, ‘being‐able‐to‐process‐(negative)‐experiences’ and ‘to take responsibility for oneself and other’ are characteristics of well‐educated young Muslims. Those who feel at home in their Turkish family or in the Islamic religion are able to process positive and negative experiences and present more (mature) super‐ego structures. This allows them to be able to deal with the challenges of migration and integration. Based on the data, we developed the ‘Triadic Model of Integration’ within the Lacanian L‐Scheme of Subjectivity.
Artemether and aspterric acid induce pancreatic alpha cells to transdifferentiate into beta cells in zebrafish
Authors: Jia Jianxin , Kang Qi , Liu Shunzhi , Song Yabin , Wong Florence Susan , Qiu Yingkun , Li Mingyu
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose

Recently, the antimalarial drug, artemether and the neurotransmitter GABA were identified to convert alpha cells into beta‐like cells in vivo. However, some of these observations were challenged by other studies. To help address the controversy, we took advantage of zebrafish as a model to perform this study.

Experimental Approach

First, we performed a small‐molecule screening for artemether and its skeleton analogues. Second, we used the Cre‐LoxP system for lineage tracing to indicate the conversion of alpha cells into beta cells in vivo. The stable transgenic ins2:eGFP αTC1‐6‐cell line was used for evaluation of alpha‐cell transdifferentiation in vitro. We further used multiple zebrafish transgenic and mutation lines to demonstrate beta‐cell differentiation, beta‐cell ablation and alpha‐cell hyperplasia in this study.

Key Results

We showed that artemether and another sesquiterpene, aspterric acid, induced alpha‐cell transdifferentiation into beta cells, both in zebrafish as well as using αTC1‐6 cells. Furthermore, these two compounds also converted alpha cells into beta cells when beta cells were lost or alpha cells were hyperplastic in zebrafish. Unlike the previous report, the conversion of alpha cells to beta cells was mediated by increasing Pax4 expression, but not suppression of Arx expression.

Conclusion and Implications

Our data suggest that in zebrafish and αTC1‐6 cells, both artemether and aspterric acid induce alpha‐cell transdifferentiation. Our data, along with those of Li et al. (2017), suggested that artemether and aspterric acid were able to induce alpha‐cell transdifferentiation, at least in zebrafish and αTC1‐6 cells.
Investigating the role of somatic sequencing platforms for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in a large UK cohort
Authors: Winzeler Bettina , Tufton Nicola , S. Lim Eugenie , Challis Ben G. , Park Soo‐Mi , Izatt Louise , Carroll Paul V. , Velusamy Anand , Hulse Tony , Whitelaw Benjamin C. , Martin Ezequiel , Rodger Fay , Maranian Melanie , Clark Graeme R. , A. Akker Scott , Maher Eamonn R. , Casey Ruth T.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours with malignant potential and a hereditary basis in almost 40% of patients. Germline genetic testing has transformed the management of PPGL enabling stratification of surveillance approaches, earlier diagnosis and predictive testing of at‐risk family members. Recent studies have identified somatic mutations in a further subset of patients, indicating that molecular drivers at either a germline or tumour level can be identified in up to 80% of PPGL cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of somatic sequencing in a large cohort of patients with PPGL in the United Kingdom.

Design and Patients

Prospectively collected matched germline and tumour samples (development cohort) and retrospectively collected tumour samples (validation cohort) of patients with PPGL were investigated.

Measurements

Clinical characteristics of patients were assessed and tumour and germline DNA was analysed using a next‐generation sequencing strategy. A screen for variants within ‘mutation hotspots’ in 68 human cancer genes was performed.

Results

Of 141 included patients, 45 (32%) had a germline mutation. In 37 (26%) patients one or more driver somatic variants were identified including 26 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants and 19 variants of uncertain significance. Pathogenic somatic variants, observed in 25 (18%) patients, were most commonly identified in the VHL, NF1, HRAS and RET genes. Pathogenic somatic variants were almost exclusively identified in patients without a germline mutation (all but one), suggesting that somatic sequencing is likely to be most informative for those patients with negative germline genetic test results.

Conclusions

Somatic sequencing may further stratify surveillance approaches for patients without a germline genetic driver and may also inform targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic disease.
Categories We Live By: Reply to Alcoff, Butler, and Roth
Authors: Ásta
Published: December 2021

The author of Categories We Live By replies to critics Linda Martín Alcoff, Judith Butler, and Abraham Sesshu Roth.
Rethinking Measurement 101: Lessons Learned from Teachers
Authors: Welch Catherine J.
Published: December 2021

As an associate editor for EM:IP these past 3 years, I have had the opportunity to review and reflect upon a variety of manuscripts. Consistent with the journal's mission statement, most manuscripts strive to provide a better understanding of educational measurement issues. However, few address the practical importance to educators and users of assessment information. Based on interactions with practicing K–12 teachers over this same period of time, I use this opportunity to suggest that teachers, as the largest audience of educational assessment results, can help the measurement community identify the issues of greatest importance and shape our responses to these issues.
Are we contributing to the opioid epidemic? A systematic review on systemic opioid use in dermatology
Authors: Pourali Sarah P. , Gutierrez Yasmin , Jones Madison E. , Rajkumar Jeffrey R. , Kucharik Alison H. , Armstrong April W.
Published: December 2021

Background

Although dermatologists treat many painful skin conditions and perform procedures that may require analgesic use, there is a lack of evidence synthesis on opioid use in dermatology.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of the evidence on the use of opioid analgesics in dermatology.

Methods

We applied the PRISMA guidelines and systematically reviewed literature that examined opioid use in dermatology published between 1980 and 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020204864).

Results

We identified 24 studies that analyzed 52,705,201 patients and 13,099 dermatologists. Between 34% and 87.5% of patients received opioids following dermatologic procedures; however, many did not use the entirety of their prescriptions, and 35–69% did not use any of their prescription. Top opioid prescribers were more likely to be Mohs surgeons, male, and practice in the South. Variability exists in the current evidence for opioid prescribing for nonprocedural dermatologic disease.

Conclusion

While opioid prescribing in dermatology is low compared with other specialties, patients are not utilizing the entirety of their prescriptions. Opioid prescribing for nonprocedural dermatologic disease varies; treatments focused on targeting the pathogenesis of these diseases is important to minimize opioid use. Dermatologists should consider limiting opioid prescribing and utilizing nonnarcotic analgesics.
Effects of recent minimum wage policies in California and nationwide: Results from a pre‐specified analysis plan
Authors: Neumark David , Yen Maysen
Published: December 2021

We analyze the impacts of recent city minimum wage increases in California and nationwide, following a pre‐analysis plan (PAP) registered prior to the release of data covering two years of minimum wage increases. For California cities, we find a hint of negative employment effects. Nationally, we find some evidence of disemployment effects for teens, but not young adults or high school dropouts. City‐specific analyses provide limited evidence of adverse effects on the share low‐income, but the pooled city analysis does not; the national analysis generally finds no impact on the share low‐income, except for reductions in the share near‐poor, although that may at least partly reflect prior trends. All told, we view the results as providing neither strong evidence of substantial adverse effects of city minimum wages, nor strong evidence of substantial beneficial effects.
Understanding the consequences of educational inequalities on periodontitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Freuer Dennis , Baurecht Hansjörg , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Ehmke Benjamin , Holtfreter Birte , Nolde Michael
Published: December 2021

Aim

Higher educational attainment is associated with a lower risk of periodontitis, but the extent to which this association is causal and mediated by intermediate factors is unclear.

Materials and Methods

Using summary data from genetic association studies from up to 1.1 million participants of European descent, univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to infer the total effect of educational attainment on periodontitis and to estimate the degree to which income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index mediate the association.

Results

The odds ratio of periodontitis per 1 standard deviation increment in genetically predicted education was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89). The proportions mediated of the total effect of genetically predicted education on periodontitis were 64%, 35%, 15%, and 46% for income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, respectively.

Conclusions

Using a genetic instrumental variable approach, this study triangulated evidence from existing observational epidemiological studies and suggested that higher educational attainment lowers periodontitis risk. Measures to reduce the burden of educational disparities in periodontitis risk may tackle downstream risk factors, particularly income, smoking, and obesity.
Scoping review: Social support impacts hospital readmission rates
Authors: Schultz Beth E. , Corbett Cynthia F. , Hughes Ronda G. , Bell Nathaniel
Published: December 2021

Aims and objectives

To review and synthesise the current literature on social support and hospital readmission rates.

Background

Hospital readmission rates have not declined significantly since 2010 despite efforts to identify and implement strategies to reduce readmissions. After discharge, patients often report the need for help at home with personal care, medical care and/or transportation. Social factors can positively or negatively affect the transition from hospital to home and the extended recovery period experienced by patients.

Methods

Published primary studies in peer‐reviewed journals, written in English, assessing the adult medical/surgical population and discussing social support and hospital readmission rates were included. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was completed for this scoping review.

Results

The search resulted in 2919 articles. After removing duplicates and reviewing content for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected for review. Social support is provided by those within one's social circle. There are several types of social support and depending on the needs to the patient, the type of social required and provided is different.

Conclusions

The most common form of social support needed at home for people recovering after a hospitalisation was instrumental support, tangible care in the form of assistance with daily personal and medical care, and transportation. Patients who lacked adequate social support after discharge were at an increased risk of hospital readmission.

Relevance to clinical practice

Identifying factors, such as social support, that may impact hospital readmission rates is important for quality hospital to home care transitions. Assessing patients’ needs and available social support to meet those needs may be an essential part of the discharge planning process to decrease the risk of hospital readmission.
“Some uninteresting data from a faraway country”: Inequity and coloniality in international social psychological publications
Authors: Bou Zeineddine Fouad , Saab Rim , Lášticová Barbara , Kende Anna , Ayanian Arin H.
Published: December 2021

Modern systems of knowledge production reinforce inequalities and coloniality, especially in the Global South. We investigated whether this was the case in contemporary social psychology. We examined manifestations of coloniality of knowledge (in the form of internalized Global North standards and practices) and critical awareness and reflection (historic and systemic attributions for collective disadvantages) in a survey of social psychologists in 64 countries (N = 232). Although colleagues in the Global South and Southern and Eastern Europe adopted Global Northern publication standards and tendencies, their compliance seemed motivated by institutional demands and pragmatic concerns rather than internalized inferiority or principled conviction. Regarding international mainstream publication practices, participants from all regions (most prominently outside the Global North) reported biases, under‐representation, lack of relevance, and structural disadvantages. Participants offered mainly systemic attributions for these and other disadvantages. These findings suggest that social psychologists engaged with the international publication system are caught in a double‐bind between collective systemic disadvantages and coerced compliance, especially outside the Global North. Discussion focuses on the mixed‐motive tensions these social psychologists experience in publishing internationally under these conditions, and the implications of this status quo for knowledge production in the discipline.
China between Iran and the Gulf Monarchies
Authors: Fulton Jonathan
Published: December 2021

China's deepening ties to Iran, evident in the comprehensive strategic partnership (CSP) signed in 2021 after five years of stalled progress, is not an indication of a revisionist Chinese approach to the Gulf region.  In fact, its CSPs with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, already activated and implemented, are at far more mature levels, commensurate with China's deep levels of economic and political engagement with the Arab side of the Gulf.  This is consistent with a strategic hedging approach that Beijing has used to build a sustainable presence without disrupting a competitive and fragile regional order.  With far larger and more diverse interests in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, China's partnership with Iran creates leverage due to the asymmetry inherent in the China‐Iran relationship.
Institutional procedural discrimination, institutional racism, and other institutional discrimination: A nursing research example
Authors: Lim Sungwon , Boutain Doris M. , Kim Eunjung , Evans‐Agnew Robin A. , Parker Sanithia , Maldonado Nofziger Rebekah
Published: December 2021

Institutional discrimination matters. The purpose of this longitudinal community‐based participatory research study was to examine institutional procedural discrimination, institutional racism, and other institutional discrimination, and their relationships with participants' health during a maternal and child health program in a municipal initiative. Twenty participants from nine multilingual, multicultural community‐based organizations were included. Overall reported incidences of institutional procedural discrimination decreased from April 2019 (18.6%) to November 2019 (11.8%) although changes were not statistically significant and participants reporting incidences remained high (n = 15 in April and n = 14 in November). Participants reported experiencing significantly less “[when] different cultural ways of doing things were shared, the project did not support my way” from April 2019 (23.5%, n = 4) to November 2019 (0%, n = 0), Wilcoxon signed‐rank test Z = −2.00, p < 0.05. Some participants reported experiencing institutional racism (29.4%, n = 5) and other institutional discrimination (5.9%, n = 1). Participants experiencing institutional racism, compared to those who did not, reported a higher impact of the Initiative's program on their quality of life (t = 3.62, p < 0.01). Participatory survey designs enable nurse researchers to identify hidden pathways of institutional procedural discrimination, describe the impacts experienced, and examine types of institutional discrimination in health systems.
Gingival plasma cell granuloma: The importance of histological analysis
Authors: Howard Laura , Schmigylski Rudi , Gardner Andrew , Nale Krsty
Published: December 2021

Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is a mucosal condition characterised histologically by a dense aggregation of polyclonal plasma cells. There are limited reports in the literature of the condition affecting the oral mucosa and involvement of the gingival tissues is considered rare. The variable clinical presentation allows for a differential diagnosis of malignant conditions therefore awareness of the characteristics and distinctive histological features are important in avoiding misdiagnosis. We report a rare case of PCG presenting on the buccal gingivae of the posterior mandible, with concurrent mobility of the adjacent tooth, in a middle‐aged female. The clinical presentation of this lesion warranted urgent investigation, however, histological findings of a dense polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate revealed a benign PCG.
Central granular cell odontogenic tumour associated with sepsis, osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis
Authors: Comitale Ernesto , Roccon Andrea , Fedrigo Marny , Angelini Annalisa , Zanette Gastone , Bacci Christian
Published: December 2021

Central granular cell odontogenic tumour (CGCOT) is a rare odontogenic benign neoplasm with only 39 cases reported in the literature. This report describes an unusual case of CGCOT as it was associated with severe signs of local and systemic infection. The patient was hospitalised for sepsis, high fever and facial swelling. The intraoral examination and the radiographic images led to the clinical diagnosis of periapical abscess caused by a severely decayed left maxillary third molar. After the surgical extraction of the tooth, a periapical lesion and fragments of the alveolar process were sent for histopathologic examination and immune‐phenotypic characterisation. The pathological findings became crucial for the definitive diagnosis of CGCOT, osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis. The purpose of this report is to provide knowledge about this tumour and highlight the importance of sending samples collected during oral surgery for histopathologic examination.
Interrupted Incision Fasciotomy for Acute Compartment Syndrome After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Surgical Technique with a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Park Dojoon , Kim Yoon‐Chung , Cho Sung Hyun , Kim Jongmin , Ahn Jae Hoon
Published: December 2021

Background

After extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can develop because of limb ischemia or reperfusion. The standard treatment for ACS is emergency fasciotomy. We introduced an interrupted incision technique instead of a long double‐incision to reduce blood loss and subsequent hypovolemia in ECMO patients.

Case presentation

Two patients were treated venoarterial ECMO with heparinization by inserting cannulas into their right femoral vessels: Case #1 after emergency pulmonary thrombectomy for massive pulmonary thrombi and Case #2 after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction with ventricular fibrillation. Some of the ‘5 P' signs of ACS were detected on their right legs. We treated them with the interrupted incision fasciotomy: four or five skin incisions of 2–3 cm each on lateral side; one 6–7 cm proximal skin incision with one or two separate short distal skin incisions of 1–1.5 cm each on the posteromedial side. The subcutaneous layer was also incised through these interrupted incisions; interrupted multiple “soft tissue tunnels” can be formed above muscle layer between the incisions. Once the fascia was exposed, the connected fasciotomy was performed with the knife blade facing subcutaneous layer, rather than muscle. The two patients' foot pulse, skin color, and muscle tone were immediately restored, and delayed primary wound closures were possible. Both patients were satisfied with their limb salvage and could walk with a little help using an orthosis or a cane.

Conclusions

We recommend the interrupted incision fasciotomy as an attractive and effective technique for ACS, particularly after ECMO.
Exposure of Brassica to Red Light Antagonizes Low Production of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid in Leaf Through Root Signaling Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Junaid , Hussain Anwar , Hamayun Muhammad , Iqbal Amjad , Murad Waheed , Ahmad Ayaz
Published: December 2021

Plant leaf is highly sensitive to various growth‐promoting and growth‐restraining components. This sensitivity is normally caused by the alteration of different phytohormones (predominately by indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)), when the plants exposed to certain environmental conditions. We exposed the hydroponically grown Brassica campestris seedlings (7 days old) to red and green light in order to observe its effect on IAA secretion at leaf. The evaluated data showed that red light antagonized the low production of IAA in leaf by initiating the root signaling through the flavonoid production and high redox activity. The study also explored the link between the differential phytohormonal response and biotic or abiotic stress elimination in leaf through root signaling under green or red light. The results exhibited that the biotic (Pseudomonas syringae or Frankia alni) or abiotic stresses (100 mm AgNO3 or 100 mm tert‐butyl alcohol) inhibited flavonoids at the roots and resisted the restoration of IAA at the leaf. However, under green light where IAA was not inhibited, the stresses could not produce flavonoid at the root and further passing the signals to leaf. The results concluded that the growth and photosynthetic rates of the seedlings were improved under red light exposure through flavonoid inducing stresses.
Highly diluted bioactive compounds in marine aquaculture: A potential alternative for sustainable production
Authors: López‐Carvallo Jesús Antonio , Mazón‐Suástegui José Manuel , Arcos‐Ortega Guadalupe Fabiola , Hernández‐Oñate Miguel Ángel , Tovar‐Ramírez Dariel , Abasolo‐Pacheco Fernando , García‐Bernal Milagro
Published: December 2021

Highly diluted bioactive compounds (HDBC) and highly diluted immunomodulatory compounds (HDIC) are treatments that cover a wide variety of concentrations, starting from molar to yoctomolar concentrations or even lower where the presence of nanoparticles has been detected. The prophylactic use of these compounds has improved nutrition, growth, overall condition, defence mechanisms regulation and increased marine organism survival during challenge against pathogens. The HDBC used in marine organisms are formulated from Vibrio spp. lysates, sodium metasilicates, phosphoric acid and highly diluted drugs for humans as Silicea terra®, Phosphoricum acidum®, Passival® and VidatoX®, as well as homotoxic Heel® complexes. Because HDBC are innocuous, inexpensive and easy to use by immersion or ingestion, they have been proposed as a potential sustainable alternative to improve marine organism production under hatchery conditions and reduce the use of chemotherapy, including antibiotics and disinfectants. Nonetheless, articles documenting their mode of action (biological process and metabolic pathways activated) are scarce. Some studies have proposed that certain HDBC activate the sentinel system of marine organisms, such as non‐self‐recognition and endocytosis mechanisms without completely activating the immune defence mechanisms. This contribution brings a new insight on increasing productivity and cost effectiveness during hatchery operations and at the same time strengthening the immune system response and survival of marine organisms against infections. Therefore, this review discusses and analyses published results of HDBC in species of commercial importance worldwide and also emerging species of interest for aquaculture reared in Mexico.
Forty Years Later: Naming Without Necessity, Necessity Without Naming1
Authors: Almog Joseph
Published: December 2021

The essay examines the proper treament of (i) naming (ii) necessity. (A) It argues their mutual independence (B) provides a treatment of naming separately from any idea of “designation” (C) gives treatment of de re modality without any use of possible worlds, essences, concepts, rigid designators (D) it argues an ultimate asymmetry–naming/referring is a key real notion of semantics; necessity should not be the central idea in the metaphysics of nature.
Repeatability and accuracy of a novel, quantitative radiographic method for differentiating normal canine sacroiliac joints from joints with subluxation or luxation: Pilot study
Authors: Lembersky Zachary , de Swarte Marie , Aisa Josep , Johnson Kryssa , Zhu Xiaojuan , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence
Published: December 2021

Canine sacroiliac (SI) joint subluxation or luxation is most commonly diagnosed based on qualitative radiographic assessments. Aims of this two‐part, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy, pilot study were to develop and evaluate a novel quantitative method based on measuring the angle between a line connecting the iliac wings and parallel lines across three anatomical landmarks (cranial endplate of L7, caudal endplate of L6, cranial endplate of L6) on a single ventrodorsal radiograph. For the first part of the study, angle measurements from a single observer were compared for 20 normal canine pelvic radiographs and 20 pelvic radiographs with SI luxation or subluxation. Mean values significantly differed between datasets (P < 0.001). The angles for the normal pelves ranged from 0.6° to 1.5°, while abnormal angles ranged from 3.8° to 7.1°. For the second part of the study, a dataset of 25 normal and 25 abnormal canine pelvic radiographs was evaluated using the novel technique by three blinded readers with varying levels of expertise at two different time points. There was excellent reliability among the three readers with an intraclass correlation (ICC) value of 0.90 and an excellent agreement between day 0 and day 30 readings with an ICC value of 0.91. It was also determined that a cut‐off angle of 2.0°, using the line parallel to the cranial endplate of L6, provided overall the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to differentiate normal versus abnormal pelves. These findings may be helpful for clinical cases with equivocal diagnoses and for future development of automated diagnostic tools.
Fixation of a scapular body fracture in a 5 month old foal using three 4.5/5.0 mm locking compression plates
Authors: Miyakoshi Daisuke , Higuchi Tohru , Ikeda Hiroki , Sato Masato , Yoshimura Seiji
Published: December 2021

Objective

To report a surgical technique and an outcome for the repair of a displaced, transverse scapular body fracture with locking compression plates (LCPs) in a colt.

Animals

One 5 month old Thoroughbred colt.

Study design

Case report.

Methods

A colt sustained an unstable, comminuted, transverse fracture of the scapular body. Three 4.5/5.0 mm LCPs were used with 6.5 mm cancellous screws, 4.5 mm cortex screws, and 5.0 mm locking head screws. Implants were removed 2 months after surgery.

Results

Surgical site infection was identified by purulent discharge at the distal aspect of the suture line 3 days after surgery. The surgical site infection resolved with daily lavage within 15 days after surgery. Three months after internal fixation of the scapular body fracture, the colt was sound and was turned out to pasture. One year later, the colt was sound and in training to be a flat racehorse.

Conclusion

Repair of a scapular body fracture using LCP provided a good outcome with an early return to soundness. The LCP system can therefore be considered for the repair of scapular body fractures in small equids.
RestEaze: An Emerging Technology to Characterize Leg Movements During Sleep
Authors: Brooks Justin , Feltch Cody , Lam Janet , Earley Christopher , Robucci Ryan , Agarwal Sanjay , Banerjee Nilanjan
Published: December 2021

Several sleep disorders are characterized by periodic leg movements during sleep including Restless Leg Syndrome, and can indicate disrupted sleep in otherwise healthy individuals. Current technologies to measure periodic leg movements during sleep are limited. Polysomnography and some home sleep tests use surface electromyography to measure electrical activity from the anterior tibilias muscle. Actigraphy uses three-axis accelerometers to measure movement of the ankle. Electromyography misses periodic leg movements that involve other leg muscles and is obtrusive because of the wires needed to carry the signal. Actigraphy based devices require large amplitude movements of the ankle to detect leg movements (missing the significant number of more subtle leg movements) and can be worn in multiple configurations precluding precision measurement. These limitations have contributed to their lack of adoption as a standard of care for several sleep disorders. In this study, we develop the RestEaze sleep assessment tool as an ankle-worn wearable device that combines capacitive sensors and a six-axis inertial measurement unit to precisely measure periodic leg movements during sleep. This unique combination of sensors and the form-factor of the device addresses current limitations of periodic leg movements during sleep measurement techniques. Pilot data collected shows high correlation with polysomnography across a heterogeneous participant sample and high usability ratings. RestEaze shows promise in providing ecologically valid, longitudinal measures of leg movements that will be useful for clinicians, researchers, and patients to better understand sleep.
A Simplified Numerical Approach to Characterize the Thermal Response of a Moving Bed Solar Reactor
Authors: Al Sahlani Assaad , Randhir Kelvin , Ozalp Nesrin , Klausner James
Published: December 2021

Concentrated solar thermochemical storage in the form of a zero-emission fuel is a promising option to produce long-duration energy storage. Solar fuel is produced using a cavity reactor that captures concentrated solar radiation from a solar field of heliostats. In this paper, heat transfer model of a tubular plug-flow reactor designed and manufactured for a solar fuel production is presented. Experimental data collected from a fixed bed tubular reactor testing are used for model comparison. The system consists of an externally heated tube with counter-current flowing gas and moving solid particles as the heated media. The proposed model simulates the dynamic behavior of temperature profiles of the tube wall, gas, and particles under various gas flowrates and residence times. The heat transfer between gas–wall, solid particle–wall, and gas–solid particle is numerically studied. The model results are compared with the results of experiments done using a 4 kW furnace with a 150 mm heating zone surrounding a horizontal alumina tube (reactor) with 50.8 mm outer diameter and thickness of 3.175 mm. Solid fixed particles of magnesium manganese oxide (MgMn2O4) with the size of 1 mm are packed within the length of 250 mm at the center of the tube length. Simulation results are assessed with respect to fixed bed experimental data for four different gas flowrates, namely, 5, 10, 15, and 20 standard liters per minute of air, and furnace temperatures in the range of 200–1200 °C. The simulation results showed good agreement with maximum steady state error that is less than 6% of those obtained from the experiments for all runs. The proposed model can be implemented as a low-order physical model for the control of temperature inside plug-flow reactors for thermochemical energy storage applications.
Thermal Performance of a Low and Medium Temperature Flat Plate Solar Collector When Controlling the Output-Input Temperature Difference and the Tilt Angle
Authors: García-Rincón M. A. , Flores-Prieto J. J. , Montoya-Márquez O.
Published: December 2021

This work presents a sensitivity analysis of the overall heat loss coefficient UL and the thermal efficiency η in low and medium temperature encapsulated flat plate solar collectors when controlling the output-input temperature difference ΔT and the angle of inclination β. The UL and η were determined by heat flow calorimetry at indoor conditions, emulating the solar radiation by the Joule effect and a PID control. The angle of inclination β range was 0–90 deg, and the ΔT range was 5.0–25.0 K. The ambient temperature and the mass flowrate were preset for each test. The UL experimental uncertainty was ±0.85 W/m2K for the inclination range of 0–45 deg and ±0.27 W/m2K for the inclination range of 45–90 deg. The results matched previous outcomes with a difference of up to 0.3 W/m2K. The UL exponentially increased with β from horizontal to vertical position and linearly with ΔT. The UL and the efficiency were sensitive to the confined airflow variations. The efficiency increased 140% when β was raised and 40% with ΔT.