bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Transfer Theory in Second Language Acquisition: From Behaviorism to Sociocultural Perspectives
Authors: Meng Pu
Published: October 2024

This study explores the dynamic interaction and developmental perspectives of transfer theory (TT) in the context of second language acquisition (SLA). First proposed by psychologist Edward Thorndike in 1913, transfer theory focuses on describing how learners utilize existing knowledge or skills to acquire information or skills in new learning situations. Over time, research on transfer theory has deepened from the early behaviorist perspective of unidirectional transfer to the role of bidirectional transfer and situational factors under cognitive and sociocultural theories. This paper explores the complex dynamics of transfer theory in second language acquisition and its impact on language teaching by synthesizing the early and recent research results to provide theoretical guidance and strategic suggestions for teaching practice. By analyzing the phenomenon of language transfer among different learners in diverse contexts, the research aims to reveal the broad applicability of transfer theory and its important implications for educational strategy development. The findings will provide educators and researchers with deeper insights to optimize language teaching methods.
Role Reversal on Social Media in China: Adultification of Children and Infantilization of Adults
Authors: Yao Yuan
Published: October 2024

Along with the development of mobile Internet, people have entered the age of informatization. People’s lives are wrapped up in fragmented information, and the huge volume and redundancy of information easily confuse people in the vortex of the Internet, which may lead to some psychological problems as well as loss of reason and judgment to do something against public order and morals. The development of the Internet has also changed the way of consumption from offline physical consumption to online consumption and then gradually transformed into live shopping. At this good time to web traffic into revenue, many influencers in order to get more eyeballs by any means. This paper mainly explores the role of the Internet to reverse this small branch of behavior, through the form of sampling in the mainstream social media for thesis analysis, to dig deeper into the causes of this phenomenon and the reasons for bringing revenue, while seeking solutions. Finally, it is concluded that the causes of the adultization of children and infantilization of adults on the Internet are closely related to society, families, and individuals.
Feminism on social media: Generalized misogyny
Authors: Zhu Xuanxuan
Published: October 2024

The following study focuses on one of the major aspects which is the portrayal of misogyny and gender discrimination on social media and its influence on societies’ perceptions and gender relations. In as much as power relations in speech are picturesquely framed with theories developed by Robin Lakoff and Deborah Tannen the study employs verbal constructions of gender disparity. These problems are aggravated with the dawn of the digital age that instantly transmits information and shares various content; social networks thus increase the use of sexist speech and cyberbullying. Combining the instinct to investigate and the imaginative capacity to construct a speculation on the reality, social networking uncovered the misery of a huge number of manhandled ladies with the hashtag #metoo, and simultaneously, kept an aggressive system of male privilege alive to torment more unfortunate ladies through distributed abuse. This is where the study resonates with its importance of making a deliberate attempt at a shift in current language practices towards altering the existing cultural and social inequalities when it comes to the gender aspects as well as online harassment.
Causes and effects of the severe sexualization of the K-POP idol industry
Authors: Huang Renrui
Published: October 2024

The topic explored in this paper is the causes and effects of the heavy sexualization of the K-POP idol industry. This paper understands sexualization as engaging in behaviors in roles or things that make people aware of sex, especially in relation to men and women. Sexualization of idols in the K-POP industry has been numerous. This paper examines the various reasons for sexualization and the effects of sexualization on fans and on the marketplace. This article will delve into the reasons why K-POP is moving in the direction of a sexualized idol. It sees the current situation where the K-POP industry needs to transform. It analyzes the effects of sexualization and hopes to bring attention to the issue of sexualization of idols. Calls on all those involved to pay attention to the demands of idols and fans.
Analysing the Overseas Spread of Chinese Songs on TikTok Using Textual Analysis
Authors: Chen Changrui
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of short videos around the world, especially the huge success of TikTok overseas, has provided a brand-new opportunity for the spread of Chinese culture and China’s national image. Chinese songs, with their natural communication attributes and carrying Chinese cultural values, have spread rapidly around the world using TikTok as a communication platform and have crossed language and cultural barriers, touching people’s hearts deeply. It is with this unique charm that Chinese songs have successfully attracted the love and attention of overseas people through TikTok. In this era, the communication of China’s national image should proactively seize the opportunities of this era, make full use of various emerging communication platforms and channels, change the passive situation of overseas communication of the national image in the past, and take a more active and proactive attitude to show the world China’s charisma and elegance, so as to enable the world to better understand China’s culture, values, and development achievements.
A Study on Chinese Social Media Xiaohongshu Users' Attitudes Toward Offensive Comments
Authors: Pan Yaqi
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of emerging digital technologies, social media platforms have proliferated like mushrooms after rain. Xiaohongshu is among the highly trusted "word-of-mouth libraries" for Chinese social media users, offering numerous conveniences while also subjecting users to disruptive offensive language. This study analyzes the various emotions and behavioral mechanisms exhibited by Xiaohongshu users when confronted with offensive language, as well as the underlying reasons for these reactions. It underscores the positive impact on society of enhancing online supervision, safeguarding user privacy and security, optimizing service functionalities on social media platforms, increasing user engagement, and fostering media literacy among users to promote moderate use of social media. Through questionnaire surveys, the study reveals that offensive language on Xiaohongshu induces negative emotions such as anger, sadness, confusion, and anxiety among users. Consequently, users employ strategies such as rebuttal, reporting, and even reducing their frequency of using Xiaohongshu to counteract the harm caused by offensive language.
Using social media to promote products and help alleviate poverty - Taking Yanchang County in Shaanxi Province as an example
Authors: Zou Mengqi
Published: October 2024

China has adopted many poverty alleviation policies in the past decade and has achieved some results. This study takes Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province, as an example to provide reference suggestions for poor areas on how to use social media to promote products. This study combines the local characteristics of Yanchang County and recommends that the local government strengthen the promotion and popularization of social media, strengthen infrastructure construction, create courses to teach how to use electronic products, and actively seek cooperation with high-traffic Internet celebrities and live broadcast rooms to increase product awareness. Finally, it is necessary to actively interact with customers on social media, publish content, pay attention to customer feedback, and modify and improve products and services in a timely manner. It is hoped that other poor areas can improve economic conditions for local people through this study and combine local characteristics.
From PGC to UGC to AIGC: Change of content paradigm
Authors: Gao Ao
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on the rise of AIGC (Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content) in the content industry. With its efficient data processing and content creativity, AIGC has become an important driving force in the field of content production. Through comparative analysis before and after the introduction of the ‘ERNIE Bot’ in The Paper, this study explores how AIGC affects and reconstructs the content industry. The study found that AIGC technology significantly improved the efficiency of news production, optimized the path of content creation, made the content more accurate and personalized. The Paper uses ‘ERNIE Bot’ technology to not only improve the efficiency of content review but also to better understand audience preferences. However, the application of AIGC technology also brings challenges. The study also points out that the development of AIGC technology relies on the support of algorithms, meta-universes and blockchain technology, while also sparking discussions on intellectual property, copyright, ethics and other issues. Overall, the wide application of AIGC technology is profoundly changing the ecology of the content industry and journalism, providing new opportunities for content innovation and development. However, while enjoying the convenience brought by technology, it is also necessary to prudently deal with its potential risks and challenges.
Corporate Renaming and Their Impact for Products on Brands and Markets: Twitter, Redmi and KFC as Examples
Authors: Shen Yuan
Published: October 2024

Following technological development, brand names have become more important in a competitive environment. Some brands try to increase their product’s force of competitive by changing product names. However, if a company changes name, then the company may meet some challenges. Brand needs comprehensive marketing as well as user guide to make up for the loss of user activity [1]. The essay will review literature to discuss the influence of renaming on the company culture as well as user acceptance. In detail, this essay will discuss influence of brand image and sales for renaming through Twitter renamed to X, Hongmi independent as well as changing name to Redmi, Kentucky Fried Chicken simplified to KFC.
Study on the Communication Strategy of Neo-Chinese-Styled Tea Drink Brand CHAGEE on Douyin under the Perspective of Ritual View
Authors: Jiang Yiyun
Published: October 2024

In recent years, China's economic growth and rising international status have fueled a surge in consumer confidence and identification with local culture, leading to the emergence of Neo-Chinese-Styled tea drinks. CHAGEE, a representative brand founded in 2017, has rapidly expanded globally with over 4,500 shops, demonstrating the potential of this new tea drink category. This study focuses on the communication strategy of CHAGEE on the short video platform Douyin, examining how the brand leverages the platform's capabilities and adopts a ritual view of communication to engage consumers and promote its Neo-Chinese-Styled tea drinks. Adopting a qualitative research approach, this study utilizes content analysis to examine 189 works released by CHAGEE's official Douyin account. It analyzes how the brand employs brand symbols, cultural images, and interactive content to shape a ritualized brand experience and foster brand loyalty. This study demonstrates that CHAGEE's successful communication strategy on Douyin stems from its effective integration of the ritual view of communication, cultural narrative, and consumer engagement. It provides valuable insights for Neo-Chinese-Styled drink brands seeking to leverage new media platforms for effective brand communication and sustainable growth.
Character analysis in Love in the Falling City -- combining and escaping from the restricted narrative perspective
Authors: Dong Kexin
Published: October 2024

With the continuous in-depth research on Zhang Ailing's feminist literature, great attention has been paid to the direction of her female characters. However, there is currently limited research in academic circles on the portrayal of male characters from a feminist literary perspective, and studies on the male characters in the book are often influenced by restrictive role-based perspectives. This paper analyzes the character image of the heroine Bai Liusu based on the original perspective of Zhang Ailing's Love in the Falling City, that is, the restricted narrative perspective, and combines different situations of female self, family, love and society to analyze, so as to understand how Bai Liusu escapes from the predicament of survival, how she is bound by tradition, and the differences between her and Fan Liuyuan's views on marriage. In addition, this paper analyzes the character image of the hero Fan Liuyuan from an objective perspective, finds out his true feelings for Bai Liusu from an objective perspective, and analyzes the rationality of his behavior in the article from an objective perspective. Through combining and breaking away from the restricted narrative perspective, the author find that their characters bring deeper meanings.
A Feminist Analysis of Li T'ung: A Chinese Girl in New York
Authors: Cai Fuxi
Published: October 2024

With the development of feminism, analyzing literary works from a feminist perspective plays an important role in promoting the development of literature and feminism. In this paper, the author uses textual analysis to explore the feminist ideas reflected in Li T'ung: A Chinese Girl in New York through an in-depth analysis of the content; analyzing the impact of the historical ups and downs on women's destiny and the dilemmas of the society at that time in the light of the background of the twentieth century; using feminist theories to analyze the work, combining with the feminist literature critique and the feminist social theories. The analysis is carried out with Li T’ung, the main character as the center. This paper explores the work from a feminist perspective, analyzing the narrative techniques and Li T'ung's character, and exploring dilemmas of women in the 20th century shown in this story. From this study, readers can understand the objectification and marginalization of women's value in the society, as well as the constraints on women's social roles under the patriarchal society, and the mainstream culture of the patriarchal society had suppressed the germination of feminism and limited the development of women's subjective consciousness.
A Study of the Minor Nobodies in Rickshaw Boy
Authors: Jia Yifei
Published: October 2024

Minor characters usually refer to characters in novels with ordinary character settings and no background. This paper takes the specific writing of minor nobodies in Rickshaw Boy as the object of study. In terms of character categorization, the gender of minor nobodies is used as a criterion to make a simple distinction, and then the characters’ personality traits are analyzed in detail. Through character analysis, it is found that the number of female nobodies is relatively small, and the types of roles are relatively single, and among them, there is more emphasis on the role of disenfranchised women, which shows the tragic situation of women who lost their human rights at that time under the social environment. The role of male nobodies is more complex and three-dimensional, with both writing in individual roles and in group image, and the significance of writing is not confined to the role portrayal and the metaphor behind it, but also plays a role in promoting the development of the plot.
From Mr. Zhu to Ni Huanzhi: A Study of the Image of Intellectuals in the Educational Transformation of Modern China
Authors: Xing Yan
Published: October 2024

In the twentieth century, China underwent huge social transformations, probably with equally great changes in education. Under the influence of the influx of Western learning in this period, traditional education models were challenged, and new schools, together with new educational concepts, started to come into being. Inside this process, the roles and images of intellectuals changed a lot as keen observers and active participants in social change. The paper compares two representative figures, Mr. Zhu from White Deer Plain and Ni Huanzhi from Ni Huanzhi, in efforts to comprehend the intellectuals in their various roles within the context of contemporary Chinese educational reforms. Mr. Zhu was a protector and promoter of traditional culture and thoughts, while Ni Huanzhi was an advocate for new cultures and ideas. Their divergent paths, and different roles in society, have been carved out by different life experiences. This paper also explores differences in positions in educational reforms, contributions toward educational progress, and strategies in the face of social changes. The significance of these preceding analyses is to assess their historical value with a view to drawing reflective lessons and insights that would enlighten contemporary educators.
The Ability Called Love: The Women in Chen Yingzhen’s Writing
Authors: Huang Shuyan
Published: October 2024

Chen Yingzhen has portrayed numerous women in his novels, most of whom are not the main characters of the stories, but only form the background of Chen Yingzhen’s protagonists. These women are kind-hearted, sincere and accustomed to endurance. At the same time, they have an inextricable dependence on the opposite sex, and it seems to Chen that there are no women in the world with independent tendencies. In this way, women are perpetually subjected to the dictates of male discourse and become marginalized in a patriarchal society. This study summarizes the family identities and artistic images of Chen Yingzhen’s common female roles, analyses the characteristics, aesthetic intentions and ideological expressions of Chen’s design of women’s roles. Furthermore, it interprets how women get rid of the constraints of the “ability to love”, realize gender awakening and construct their own subjectivity from the fertility imagery of Chen Yingzhen’s literary works. The aim is to make the women’s literary images in Chen Yingzhen’s works visible and to stimulate contemporary readers to think about women’s narratives and rights.
Balzac's Realist Literary Views Reflected and Embodied in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q
Authors: Liu Yijie
Published: October 2024

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Eastern and Western literature began to gradually converge. Western realist literary theories from the 19th-century European realist movement, represented by Balzac, had a profound impact on modern Chinese literature. This influence is especially evident in the creation of novels. The True Story of Ah Q is a notable example of this influence. This study mainly focuses on exploring the spirit of realism and the typical meaning of Q and other typical literary images in The True Story of Ah Q, i.e. selecting the two most representative ideas in Balzac's realism theory and analysing their realistic reflection in The True Story of Ah Q about the content of specific works. It is found that some of the core concepts of Balzac's realist literary theory are exhibited in Mr. Lu Xun's masterpiece, The True Story of Ah Q.
I WANT a Hero: Don Juan’s Shipwreck and Byron’s WANTED Hero
Authors: Zhou Peiqi
Published: October 2024

The study aims to explore the complex motif of the hero in Don Juan, using Canto II as a focal point. In dialogue with traditional heroes, Byron provides a comprehensive reflection on the creation of heroes, suggesting that they are instantly devalued when conceived as either epic or recorded heroes. Both models adhere to the same logic, which is encapsulated in the rallying cry "I want a hero." In the epic-hero model, "I" signifies the poet and the nation's manipulative propaganda; in the recorded-hero model, it has evolved into the desire of the desiring-machine. The study posits that building upon the remnants of the two models he opposes, Byron proposes his own model of Don Juan—a hero genuinely seasick amid the shipwreck, serving as an embodiment of poets in a state of ennui within the 19th-century commodity culture. Through Juan, Byron offers a viable solution for literature within the commercial society.
Analyzing Bei Dao's late poetry based on the expressions of exile
Authors: Suo Tianlang
Published: October 2024

Bei Dao and the Misty Poetry group are defining events in world literary history, not only because of their early politically opposing compositions but also because of their progress in poetry abroad. Bei Dao experienced a harsh wander, and his poetry guidelines turned to personal and depoliticalized. However, the research proportion of Bei Dao’s later compositions is decreasing today, and many researchers and readers only summarize the invariable aspects of Bei Dao’s whole poetry span or interpret his later compositions with political ideas. This research mainly focuses on one aspect of Bei Dao’s later compositions, the unique expression of foreignness, homesickness, and loneliness, by collecting and analyzing a few poems Bei Dao wrote during his exile period. Consequently, this research excavates Bei Dao’s special recognition in his poems during his exile. He records his pointless, painful, and homesick feelings amid his unstable exile life. Besides, Bei Dao expresses many realizations, for example the unstoppable journey, identity separation, and the distance from the world. Moreover, the author raises a new concept, “native language aphasia”, to describe his identity separation through the deprivation of the native language.
Prometheus in the Guise of Pessimism: The Tinder of Hope that Thomas Hardy Brought to his Audience at the End of the 19th Century
Authors: Tu Hua
Published: October 2024

This paper is devoted to the substantive significance of Hardy's pessimism, mainly based on Thomas Hardy's poems and novels written in the late 19th century. Although pessimism has been recognized as an essential feature of Thomas Hardy's literary career as a novelist and poet, he refuses to admit to being a pessimist, instead enabling the use of pessimism as the first step in exploring reality and improving the soul and body of human beings. Through a dialectical reading of Hardy's works, this paper will further analyze the specific audience groups targeted by Hardy's pessimism and the extraordinary positive impact it brought to this group at the turn of the century and during the period of social change; compare it with the literature of other culture to deconstruct the contradictions of this pessimism and extract its unique value. In addition, this paper will introduce Hardy’s precise prediction of the future movement, which can demonstrate the unique value of literature compared to political and quasi-scientific discourse.
A Study of Modern Poetry Translation under the Perspective of Discourse Function: T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land in Multiple Translations as an Example
Authors: Wang Jiaying
Published: October 2024

From the discourse function perspective of Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper compares and analyzes two Chinese translations of The Waste Land by Zhao Luorui and Zha Liangzheng (Mudan), exploring how the different translations creatively interpret and reconstruct the original text in accordance with the cultural context and aesthetic preferences of the target language. It further investigates how this reconstruction impacts and shapes the target readers' understanding and acceptance process. The study reveals that the translators' distinct orientations in translation strategies lead to significant differences in the translations regarding expressive effects and readers' experiences. Zhao's translation effectively maintains the discourse structure and linguistic style of the original text through a conservative and traditional translation approach. Conversely, Mudan's translation notably enhances the readability and acceptability of the translation with a flexible and innovative translation style. Overall, the latter translation is better suited to the aesthetic habits and cultural background of Chinese readers.
Die Entschädigung nationalsozialistischen Unrechts als Katalysator
eines Paradigmenwechsels
Authors: Theiss-Abendroth Peter
Published: October 2024

Ziel Die Überlebenden des Holocaust trafen in der Nachkriegszeit bei ihren
Anträgen auf Entschädigung für psychische Schädigungen oft auf ablehnend
begutachtende deutsche Psychiater, was auf Kritik stieß. Dieser Beitrag
untersucht den nachfolgenden Wandel der herrschenden Lehrmeinung zu
Traumafolgestörungen.

Methodik Deutschsprachige fachwissenschaftliche Beiträge von 1946 bis 1969
werden auf die darin vertretenen paradigmatischen Auffassungen von der Ätiologie
psychischer Störungen nach Krieg und nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung
analysiert.

Ergebnisse Erst eine neue Generation von Psychiatern konnte unter
Rückgriff auf anthropologische und teilweise auch psychoanalytische
Theorieelemente adäquatere psychotraumatologische Konzepte entwickeln. Diese
stellten zugleich auch den medizinischen Krankheitsbegriff der Psychiatrie in
Frage.

Schussfolgerung Weniger das Fortbestehen antisemitischer Ressentiments,
sondern vor allem innerwissenschaftliche Gründe wie ein erfahrungsferner
Dogmatismus standen der wissenschaftlichen Fortentwicklung im Weg.
Arthroskopische Entfernung des fragmentierten Processus coronoideus
medialis bei Hunden
Authors: Hörtdörfer Nicola , Steigmeier-Raith Stephanie , Zablotski Yury , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: October 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Behandlungserfolg von
Hunden mit medialer Coronoiderkrankung (hier: fragmentierte Processus
coronoideus [FPC]), nach arthroskopisch durchgeführter subtotaler
Coronoidektomie mittels subjektiver und objektiver Ganganalyse sowie der
Arthroseprogression zu beurteilen und mit den Befunden der postoperativen
Computertomografie in Verbindung zu setzen. Insbesondere sollte hierbei die
klinische Relevanz von postoperativ zurückbleibenden Restpartikeln evaluiert
werden.

Material und Methoden 30 Ellbogen von 24 Hunden verschiedener Rassen
wurden frühestens 6 Monate nach ein- oder beidseitiger subtotaler
Coronoidektomie klinisch orthopädisch und mit Hilfe der Ganganalyse sowie
röntgenologisch nachuntersucht und die Ergebnisse mit den präoperativen Befunden
der entsprechenden Untersuchungen sowie der postoperativen Computertomografie
verglichen.

Ergebnisse 79,2% (19/24) der Patienten verbesserten sich in der
orthopädischen Untersuchung um mindestens einen Lahmheitsgrad, 66,7% (16/24)
waren lahmheitsfrei. 60% (18/30 Gelenke) zeigten eine Zunahme des
Arthrosegrades. In der postoperativen Computertomografie wurden bei 56,7%
(17/30) der Gelenke kleine verbliebene Knochenpartikel (<1 mm) im Gelenkspalt
oder dem Weichgewebe festgestellt. Es war kein signifikanter Zusammenhang
zwischen einer persistierenden Lahmheit und postoperativ zurückgebliebenen
Restpartikeln nachzuweisen. Auch ein Zusammenhang zwischen anhaltender Lahmheit
und Arthroseprogression konnte nicht hergestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Rückstände von kleinen Knochenpartikeln nach
arthroskopisch durchgeführter subtotaler Coronoidektomie konnten in keinen
Zusammenhang mit postoperativ verbleibenden Lahmheiten gebracht werden. Eine
Arthroseprogression war trotz operativen Eingriffs nicht aufzuhalten.

Klinische Relevanz Bleiben nach der subtotalen Coronoidektomie kleine
Restpartikel (<1 mm) zurück, scheinen diese keinen Einfluss auf das klinische
Ergebnis zu haben.
Natural-Looking Ears after Otoplasty with a Modified Anterior Scoring Technique
Authors: Novoa Eva , Schlegel Christoph
Published: October 2024

The correction of prominent ears is a rewarding operation. When choosing a surgical technique, we prefer a cartilage-sparing technique to a cartilage-splitting technique to achieve natural-looking long-term results. In this article, we present our preferred technique of an anterior scoring technique combined with concha-mastoid sutures step by step.
Full Anterior Scoring Otoplasty
Authors: Morera Serna Eduardo , Mellídez Acosta Raúl Enrique , Meléndez García José Manuel , Fanjul García Fátima
Published: October 2024

Lop ear deformity is the most common head and neck congenital malformation with an estimated incidence of 5% among newborns. Otoplasty is the surgical procedure designed for its correction. More than 200 surgical techniques have been described so far to treat this condition, most of them including a cartilage weakening maneuver to avoid the relapse of the original auricle shape a few months after surgery. Classic techniques, such as like Mustarde's, describe this maneuver through scoring the posterior side of the cartilage and stabilizing the new shape with sutures. Cartilage biomechanical properties work against posterior scoring since cartilage folding occurs in the contralateral side of the scoring. This critical point may explain the high rates of relapse in the posterior scoring otoplasty techniques. In this paper, we present our surgical otoplasty technique with anterior scoring and we discuss specific tips and its nuances. We believe that the anterior scoring otoplasty technique achieves natural ears with both low complication rates and significant reduced long-term relapses.
Short-term clinical and technical outcomes of a modified Zenker’s peroral endoscopic myotomy with mucosal flap incision
Authors: Almario Jose Antonio , Mehta Amit , Shrigiriwar Apurva , Fayyaz Farimah , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Essam Karim , Haggag Hany , Yousef Kerolis , Abdallatef Abeer A. , Elkholy Shaimaa , Canakis Andrew , Kim Raymond E. , Yang Dennis , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Alcívar-Vásquez Juan , Egas-Izquierdo Maria , Del Valle Raquel S. , Cunto Domenica , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Robles-Medranda Carlos , Borkowicz Aleksandra , Kamiński Michał F. , Lajin Michael , Kedia Prashant , Khashab Mouen A.
Published: October 2024

Zenker’s diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM) is an effective treatment for symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum. A modification to Z-POEM involves mucosal flap incision (MFI). We describe the technical and clinical success of patients who underwent Z-POEM with MFI.

We included patients who underwent Z-POEM with MFI for Zenker’s diverticulum at eight international centers. The primary outcome was the rate of clinical success, assessed by post-procedure Kothari–Haber symptom score (KHSS) without re-treatment. Secondary outcomes included technical success, serious adverse events, and clinical recurrence with need for re-treatment.

36 patients (age 69 [SD 9] years; 69% male) underwent Z-POEM with MFI for symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum. Mean diverticulum size was 3.2 (SD 1.4) cm. Clinical success was achieved in 35 patients (97%). Median baseline KHSS was 6 and median post-procedure KHSS was 0 (P < 0.001). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Mean procedure time was 57 (SD 34) minutes and median follow-up time was 196 days (interquartile range 39–499). There was one adverse event (3%), which was treated endoscopically.

Z-POEM with MFI had high rates of technical and clinical success. Prospective evaluation is needed to further validate this technique in patients with a large Zenker’s diverticulum.
Pulsed-power facility explores elusive warm dense matter regime
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: October 2024

Experimental data on warm dense matter can help guide theoretical understanding of the intersection between condensed matter and plasma physics.
A pulsed power facility for studying the warm dense matter regime
Authors: Jodar B. , Revello L. , Auperin J. , De Lachèze-Murel G. , Marizy A. , Géral T. , Lescoute E. , Chevalier J-M. , Blancard C. , Videau L.
Published: October 2024

A pulsed power facility has been designed for studying the warm dense matter regime. It is based on the pulsed Joule heating technique, originally proposed by Korobenko and Rakhel [Int. J. Thermophy. 20, 1257 (1999)], where a 3.96 µF capacitor bench is used for inducing a solid to plasma phase transition to metallic foils confined into a sapphire cell. The first experiments have been conducted on pure aluminum. Experimental data have been collected using electrical and optical diagnostics. Direct measurements of tension, current, pressure, and particle velocity allow us to evaluate the equation of state (EOS) and the DC conductivity of expanded aluminum. The results are compared to hydrodynamic simulations performed with various EOS models. As a result, collected data on aluminum highlight the relevance of our experimental procedure for improving EOS modeling in the warm dense matter regime.
Non-invasive measurement of wall shear stress in microfluidic chip for osteoblast cell culture using improved depth estimation of defocus particle tracking method
Authors: Aung Hein Htet , Pothipan Phattarin , Aswakool Jirasin , Santironnarong Siraphob , Phatthanakun Rungrueang , Pinrod Visarute , Jiemsakul Thanakorn , Chancharoen Wares , Moonwiriyakit Aekkacha
Published: October 2024

The development of a non-invasive method for measuring the internal fluid behavior and dynamics of microchannels in microfluidics poses critical challenges to biological research, such as understanding the impact of wall shear stress (WSS) in the growth of a bone-forming osteoblast. This study used the General Defocus Particle Tracking (GDPT) technique to develop a non-invasive method for quantifying the fluid velocity profile and calculated the WSS within a microfluidic chip. The GDPT estimates particle motion in a three-dimensional space by analyzing two-dimensional images and video captured using a single camera. However, without a lens to introduce aberration, GDPT is prone to error in estimating the displacement direction for out-of-focus particles, and without knowing the exact refractive indices, the scaling from estimated values to physical units is inaccurate. The proposed approach addresses both challenges by using theoretical knowledge on laminar flow and integrating results obtained from multiple analyses. The proposed approach was validated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental video of a microfluidic chip that can generate different WSS levels under steady-state flow conditions. By comparing the CFD and GDPT velocity profiles, it was found that the Mean Pearson Correlation Coefficient is 0.77 (max = 0.90) and the Mean Intraclass Correlation Coefficient is 0.66 (max = 0.82). The densitometry analysis of osteoblast cells cultured on the designed microfluidic chip for four days revealed that the cell proliferation rate correlates positively with the measured WSS values. The proposed analysis can be applied to quantify the laminar flow in microfluidic chip experiments without specialized equipment.
Optimal synchronization to a limit cycle
Authors: Ríos-Monje C. , Plata C. A. , Guéry-Odelin D. , Prados A.
Published: October 2024

In the absence of external forcing, all trajectories on the phase plane of the van der Pol oscillator tend to a closed, periodic trajectory—the limit cycle—after infinite time. Here, we drive the van der Pol oscillator with an external time-dependent force to reach the limit cycle in a given finite time. Specifically, we are interested in minimizing the non-conservative contribution to the work when driving the system from a given initial point on the phase plane to any final point belonging to the limit cycle. There appears a speed-limit inequality, which expresses a trade-off between the connection time and cost—in terms of the non-conservative work. We show how the above results can be generalized to the broader family of non-linear oscillators given by the Liénard equation. Finally, we also look into the problem of minimizing the total work done by the external force.
Domain epitaxial matching of γ-CuI film grown on Al2O3(001) substrate via physical vapor transport
Authors: Wu Chong , Zhao Xueping , Wang Qing , Zhang Hai , Bai Pucun
Published: October 2024

The lattice mismatch between γ-CuI and Al2O3 (sapphire) is as large as 27.1% due to differences in crystal systems and lattice constants. To achieve epitaxial growth on the initial surface of the substrate, lattice mismatch can be minimized through domain matching. In this work, the γ-CuI film was epitaxially grown on the Al2O3(001) substrate by employing the physical vapor transport technology. The morphology, structure, and rotation domain matching of the films were investigated via SEM, XRD, electron backscatter diffraction, and STEM/TEM. The results revealed that the film grew preferentially along the (111) plane, and the full width at half maximum of the (111) diffraction peak in the rocking curve was 0.45°, which indicated the high degree of crystallinity of the film. The surface of the γ-CuI film exhibited two kinds of triangular crystal domains with a relative rotation angle of ∼60°. The interior of the crystal domains possessed a step-like structure. The two types of triangular crystal domains in the film were attributed to different rotation domains, and the interface was ascribed to the ⟨111⟩ 60° twin boundaries. The epitaxial matching mode was found to be CuI ⟨112̄⟩ (111)//Al2O3 [1̄1̄0] (001), resulting in ∼4.6% lattice mismatch between γ-CuI and Al2O3 along the Al2O3 ⟨1̄10⟩ direction, which is significantly lower than previously reported data.
ReS2/Si 2D/3D vertical heterojunction as a self-powered photodiode
Authors: Intonti Kimberly , Pelella Aniello , Neill Hazel , Patil Vilas , Hurley Paul K. , Ansari Lida , Gity Farzan , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: October 2024

2D/3D van der Waals heterostructures provide an excellent platform for high-performance optoelectronic systems by combining the intrinsic properties of 2D and 3D materials. In this study, we fabricate and study a type II ReS2/Si van der Waals 2D/3D vertical heterojunction with multi-mode photodetection. In the dark, the heterojunction exhibits diode-like behavior with a low reverse current and a high rectification ratio of ∼103. Under illumination, the device shows a linear response to the light intensity. The ReS2/Si photodetector exhibits stable and repeatable switching behavior and can be operated in self-powered mode with a responsivity of about 0.10 mA/W at 10 mW incident power and a time response of 300 μs. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a model to elucidate the photoconduction mechanisms occurring in the ReS2/Si heterostructure.
Beyond equivalent circuit representations in nonlinear systems with inherent memory
Authors: Lopez-Richard Victor , Pradhan Soumen , Wengenroth Silva Rafael Schio , Lipan Ovidiu , Castelano Leonardo K. , Höfling Sven , Hartmann Fabian
Published: October 2024

Basic multimode impedance analysis, based on the availability of nonequilibrium charge carriers and their delayed return to equilibrium, is employed to assess the state of equivalent circuit representations. This analysis highlights the necessity of surpassing these representations in nonlinear systems with inherent memory, along with their associated advantages and limitations. On the basic grounds of generation and recombination (or trapping) of nonequilibrium carriers and their relaxation times, we show how seeming complexity of frequency-dependent impedance that matches a vast universe of experimental evidences can be reduced to simple combinations of basic microscopic ingredients. Counterintuitive features, such as negative capacitances or unexpected inductances, arise when the results are projected onto linear equivalent circuit representations. This indicates the presence of certain limitations and potential ambiguities in the symbolic representation of “equivalent” circuits. Our approach further provides a microscopic perspective that exposes the linkage of an apparent flux with an apparent inductance dismissing any magnetic essence.
Large atomic displacements act as dominators for reducing thermal conductivity in Y3-xAxNbO7 (A = Ca, In, Mg, Al; x = 0.05, 0.1) fluorites
Authors: Xue Guiyu , Chen Lin , Wang Jiankun , Li Chenyu , Li Baihui , Feng Jing
Published: October 2024

Y3NbO7 is regarded as a prospective material for utilization in thermal barrier coating applications, given its low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), and low oxygen ion conductivity. This study focuses on the dominant mechanisms of thermal properties of Y3-xAxNbO7 (A = Ca, In, Mg, Al; x = 0.05, 0.1) through the introduction of different types of cations. The oxygen ion conductivity of Y3-xAxNbO7 is as low as 2.16 × 10−5 S·cm−1 at 900 °C, which is dominated by contents of oxygen vacancies and electronegativity disorder. Three factors can contribute to reduction in thermal conductivity, including the phonon scattering caused by point defects, disorders in at. wt., ionic radius, and electronegativity, as well as atomic displacement parameters (ADPs). A comparison of the correlation between lattice point defects and thermal conductivity reveals that they are not the primary factor contributing to reduction in thermal conductivity. Conversely, doping elements with larger ADPs have been shown to significantly enhance the intensity of an-harmonic vibrations, thereby increasing TECs to 11.93 × 10−6 K−1 at 1400 °C and reducing thermal conductivity to 1.25 W m−1 K−1 at 25 °C. The effects of ADPs on reducing thermal conductivity overweigh that of lattice point defects in Y3NbO7 ceramics, and both TECs and thermal conductivity are optimized at the same time. This work proposes that large atomic displacements can act as a means of reducing thermal conductivity and increasing TECs for various ceramics.
Learning the latent dynamics of fluid flows from high-fidelity numerical simulations using parsimonious diffusion maps
Authors: Della Pia Alessandro , Patsatzis Dimitrios G. , Russo Lucia , Siettos Constantinos
Published: October 2024

We use parsimonious diffusion maps (PDMs) to discover the latent dynamics of high-fidelity Navier–Stokes simulations with a focus on the two-dimensional (2D) fluidic pinball problem. By varying the Reynolds number Re, different flow regimes emerge, ranging from steady symmetric flows to quasi-periodic asymmetric and chaos. The proposed non-linear manifold learning scheme identifies in a crisp manner the expected intrinsic dimension of the underlying emerging dynamics over the parameter space. In particular, PDMs estimate that the emergent dynamics in the oscillatory regime can be captured by just two variables, while in the chaotic regime, the dominant modes are three as anticipated by the normal form theory. On the other hand, proper orthogonal decomposition/principal component analysis (POD/PCA), most commonly used for dimensionality reduction in fluid mechanics, does not provide such a crisp separation between the dominant modes. To validate the performance of PDMs, we also compute the reconstruction error, by constructing a decoder using geometric harmonics (GHs). We show that the proposed scheme outperforms the POD/PCA over the whole Re number range. Thus, we believe that the proposed scheme will allow for the development of more accurate reduced order models for high-fidelity fluid dynamics simulators, relaxing the curse of dimensionality in numerical analysis tasks such as bifurcation analysis, optimization, and control.
Investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics of an oyster reef under regular waves
Authors: Yin Zegao , Wu Fei , Li Guoqing , Pan Haitao
Published: October 2024

Oyster reef living shorelines are popular solutions to mitigate coastal hazards while providing ecosystem services, and their hydrodynamic characteristics deserve further examination. This paper reports an experimental and numerical study of the hydrodynamic behavior of a bagged oyster shell (BOS) reef under regular waves. The dependence of the pore pressure within the reef and the hydrodynamic coefficients on the reef height, length, porosity, and wave parameters are investigated. The results show that the normalized maximum pore pressure ps_m∗ decreases from the seaside of the BOS reef to its leeside and decreases with increasing dimensionless reef length. With increasing wave steepness, ps_m∗ fluctuates with an overall increasing trend. With increasing BOS reef porosity, ps_m∗ decreases at seaside locations and increases at leeside locations; simultaneously, the wave reflection coefficient Kr and the wave dissipation coefficient Kd decrease, and the wave transmission coefficient Kt increases. With increasing wave steepness for a given wave period, Kr and Kt tend to increase, but Kd exhibits the opposite trend. As the dimensionless reef height and length increase, Kt decreases and Kd increases. Multivariate nonlinear regression and genetic programming-based symbolic regression methods are individually used to derive two formulas for predicting the wave transmission coefficient, with the formula from the latter method being found to give a higher prediction accuracy.
Impact of classical statistics on thermal conductivity predictions of BAs and diamond using machine learning molecular dynamics
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhou Shuxiang , Hua Zilong , Bawane Kaustubh , Feng Tianli
Published: October 2024

Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have greatly enhanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, achieving near-first-principles accuracy in thermal conductivity studies. In this work, we reveal that this accuracy, observed in BAs and diamond at sub-Debye temperatures, stems from an accidental error cancelation: classical statistics overestimates specific heat while underestimating phonon lifetimes, balancing out in thermal conductivity predictions. However, this balance is disrupted when isotopes are introduced, leading MLIP-based MD to significantly underpredict thermal conductivity compared to experiments and quantum statistics-based Boltzmann transport equation. This discrepancy arises not from classical statistics affecting phonon–isotope scattering rates but from its impact on the interplay between phonon–isotope and phonon–phonon scattering in the normal scattering-dominated BAs and diamond. This work underscores the limitations of MLIP-based MD for thermal conductivity studies at sub-Debye temperatures.
Dominant and genome-wide formation of DNA:RNA hybrid G-quadruplexes in living yeast cells
Authors: Ren Chen-xia , Duan Rui-fang , Wang Jia , Hao Yu-hua , Tan Zheng
Published: October 2024

Guanine-rich DNA forms G-quadruplexes (G4s) that play a critical role in essential cellular processes. Previous studies have mostly focused on intramolecular G4s composed of four consecutive guanine tracts (G-tracts) from a single strand. However, this structural form has not been strictly confirmed in the genome of living eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the formation of hybrid G4s (hG4s), consisting of G-tracts from both DNA and RNA, in the genome of living yeast cells. Analysis of Okazaki fragment syntheses and two other independent G4-specific detections reveal that hG4s can efficiently form with as few as a single DNA guanine–guanine (GG) tract due to the participation of G-tracts from RNA. This finding increases the number of potential G4-forming sites in the yeast genome from 38 to 587,694, a more than 15,000-fold increase. Interestingly, hG4s readily form and even dominate at G4 sites that are theoretically capable of forming the intramolecular DNA G4s (dG4s) by themselves. Compared to dG4s, hG4s exhibit broader kinetics, higher prevalence, and greater structural diversity and stability. Most importantly, hG4 formation is tightly coupled to transcription through the involvement of RNA, allowing it to function in a transcription-dependent manner. Overall, our study establishes hG4s as the overwhelmingly dominant G4 species in the yeast genome and emphasizes a renewal of the current perception of the structural form, formation mechanism, prevalence, and functional role of G4s in eukaryotic genomes. It also establishes a sensitive and currently the only method for detecting the structural form of G4s in living cells.