bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Derma NET for Advanced Skin Cancer Detection in Smart Healthcare Frameworks
Authors: Prasanna Lakshmi , Boda Ravi , R Murali Prasad
Published: June 2024

One of the worst types of cancer is skin cancer, because it spreads to various body parts if it is not treated at early stages. Melanoma accounts for the massive majority of skin cancer related deaths, it is the most well-known forms of skin disease. Initial detection of skin cancer is of interest for medical diagnosis because of visual matching; image classification plays a key role in achieving an appropriate diagnosis of various lesions. In medical assessments, a computer diagnostic system based on deep learning may offer an automatic way to get over this challenging situation. Convolutional Neural Networks are used to increase the skin lesions classification using dermoscopic pictures without the assistance of humans. This research proposes the novel architecture Derma NET, for melanoma classification. In the suggested model, pre-processing techniques like up-sampling is used for augmentation to address the problem of an unequal sample size. From the database the data is divided into Train and Validation. Derma NET extracts various features from the images during training. Relu is a Non activation function is used in the model to extract the complex features. Learning rate is adjusted by utilizing Adam optimizer. Hyperparameter adjustment is done to improve model performance. HAM10000 is publicly available dataset and it is used to train the model. The performance of the suggested model is assessed using ISIC 2017 dataset. To communicate with proposed model an API (Application Programming Interface) is created that runs on Flask and is easily included into the front end. Through this API, users can query the model and get predictions about patient status with reference to skin cancer type. The experiment's findings demonstrate a substantial improvement in classifying skin cancer especially melanoma with 97.9% accuracy, 87% precision, 93% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 90% f1-score and AUC = 1, showcasing its potential for clinical applications in dermatology.
Comparative study of supercontinuum spectra generated by As 2 S 3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers with different lattice types
Authors: Chu Van Ben , Dang Van Trong , Chu Van Lanh
Published: June 2024

Three distinct configuration of As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers were designed to investigate supercontinuum generation (SCG). The optical properties of PCFs with the circular lattice (CL), square lattice (SL), and hexagonal lattice (HL) were comprehensive analyzed to choose the optimal fiber for SCG. This investigation facilitated the identification of three superior structures, specifically designated as #CF, #SF, and #HF, respectively. These structures are unified by their operation within an all-normal dispersion regime, each presenting a lattice constant of 1.0 µm and a filling factor of 0.35. These fibers were subjected to a pump energyof 1.08 nJ and a pulse duration of 270 fs, culminating in an expansive supercontinuum range. Notably, the SC range extended from 2.0 µm to 6.5 µm for #CF, from 2.0 µm to 8.3 µm for #SF, and from 1.9 µm to 6.6 µm for #HF. The square lattice PCF exhibited the broadest supercontinuum, attributed to its protracted flat dispersion band. Furthermore, compared to previously reported all-normal dispersion PCFs, the spectral range facilitated by this pump energy was significantly augmented. This innovative structure concept offers potential applications in low pump energy all-fiber optical systems, heralding advancements in photonic technology.
A Sustainable Approach for Xylitol Production from Pistachio Shell using Candida tropicalis
Authors: Hazal Filiz , Özbek Hatice Neval , Yılmaztekin Murat , Göğüş Fahrettin , Yanık Derya Koçak
Published: June 2024

In this study, first xylose rich hydrolysate was obtained from pistachio shell using microwave-assisted high-pressure CO2/H2O hydrolysis and then xylitol was produced biotechnologically from xylose-rich hydrolysate by Candida tropicalis. The maximum xylose concentration and yield attained were 14.58 ± 0.11 g/L and 62.01 ± 0.92%, respectively. Before the bioconversion process, hydrolysate was detoxified to remove HMF and furfural with activated charcoal. Box Behnken design was implemented to investigate the effect of temperature, pH and aeration rate on xylitol yield during bioconversion in bioreactor. The highest xylitol yield of 0.94 g/g was recorded at 72 h under optimized conditions of 34.5°C, pH 4.5 and 1.2 vvm. Recovery and purification of xylitol from the fermentation medium was achieved using ethanol as an antisolvent. Xylitol was recovered with a yield of 68.4% from culture medium by crystallization. Based on the findings of this study, it is conceivable to propose a sustainable and environmentally friendly process for recovering and purifying xylitol from pistachio shell hydrolysate.
Exploiting Privacy Vulnerabilities in Open Source LLMs Using Maliciously Crafted Prompts
Authors: Choquet Géraud , Aizier Aimée , Bernollin Gwenaëlle
Published: June 2024

The proliferation of AI technologies has brought to the forefront concerns regarding the privacy and security of user data, particularly with the increasing deployment of powerful language models such as Llama. A novel concept investigated involves inducing privacy breaches through maliciously crafted prompts, highlighting the potential for these models to inadvertently reveal sensitive information. The study systematically evaluated the vulnerabilities of the Llama model, employing an automated framework to test and analyze its responses to a variety of crafted inputs. Findings reveal significant security flaws, demonstrating the model's susceptibility to adversarial attacks that could compromise user privacy. Comprehensive analysis provided insights into the types of prompts most effective in eliciting private data, and the study demonstrates the necessity for robust regulatory frameworks and advanced security measures. The implications of these findings are profound, calling for immediate action to enhance the security protocols of LLMs and protect against potential privacy breaches. Enhanced regulatory oversight and continuous innovation in privacy-preserving techniques are crucial to ensuring the safe deployment of LLMs in various applications. The insights derived from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the urgent need for improved safeguards to prevent data leakage and unauthorized access.
A scoping review of UK local government workplace health and wellbeing programmes
Authors: El-Osta Austen , Altalib Sami , Alaa Aos , Al-Ammouri Mahmoud , Riboli-Sasco Eva , Majeed Azeem , Kudrna Laura
Published: June 2024

Background Workplace settings are linked to staff health and wellbeing, affecting sickness absence, presenteeism and productivity. With the growing prevalence of health issues among employees in the UK, including stress and long-term conditions, effective workplace health and wellbeing support by local government can play a crucial role in keeping people economically active and well.Objective Identify and characterise workplace health and wellbeing programmes offered by local authorities within the United Kingdom.Methods A scoping review involved a comprehensive search of Local Authority Districts (LADs) and county councils' websites followed by direct communications between 1 January 2024 and 30 April 2024. Initiatives were included if they were designed to enhance workplace health and wellbeing, actively ongoing and offered at no cost to workplaces. Data were extracted on the initiative name, provider, deprivation level, health focus, workplace eligibility and accreditation processes.Results The review identified 61 active local government workplace health programmes across the UK in March 2024, reflecting a 21% provision among local authorities. These initiatives were homogenous in focus, scope of coverage and implementation methods, with all focusing on general health. Geographical mapping highlighted regional disparities in the provision of workplace health and wellbeing initiatives that are free at the point of access (WHISPAs). England had a higher number (Central, Southern, and Southeastern regions specifically) while the rest of England, Wales, Scotland and North Ireland had a lower number or no WHISPAs.Conclusion There is a need for more coordinated efforts to increase the visibility and accessibility of local government workplace health initiatives that are free at the point of access. National workplace health accreditation could further encourage employers to adopt health and wellbeing programmes.
Enhancing Urban Mobility through Adaptive Traffic Analysis: A Case Study in Singapore
Authors: Mohor Banerjee , Somasundaram Chidambaram Aditya , Ronak Pahwa , Bhargavi Sunkara , Yuhao Zhu
Published: June 2024

Traffic congestion is a significant issue in most urban landscapes, causing delays and affecting the daily commutes of thousands. This study, "Adaptive Traffic Learning and Analysis System" seeks to leverage the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze data from urban traffic systems and provide detailed insights into congestion points. By using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) software, we replicate street layouts and traffic signals for specific locations in Singapore, facilitating real-time traffic simulations. The project employs SUMO’s APIs to extract vehicle positioning information, which is then used to compute traffic flow statistics. These insights enable LLMs to propose informed optimizations for traffic management, aiding urban planners and traffic managers in decision-making. The recommendations can be further evaluated and refined using SUMO, aiming to mitigate traffic congestion and improve urban mobility in Singapore.
Verapamil is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter
Published: June 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Recent research suggests that disruptions in calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocking drug, may be a promising medication for preventing cognitive decline and dementia associated with AD.
Methods: We used MedWatch data to assess the relationship between verapamil and risk of dementia. MedWatch is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. To evaluate the role of verapamil in calcium homeostasis, we studied verapamil interaction with septins. Septins are membrane-interacting, guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins with a highly conserved domain structure. Septins are involved in several cellular functions, such as membrane dynamics, cytoskeleton organization, and cytokinesis. Pharmacological modulation of septin 6 has been shown to restore calcium homeostasis and is neuroprotective in models of AD. We performed in silico molecular docking studies to determine where verapamil docks to human septin trimer 2/6/7.
Results: Verapamil use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of AD (Proportional Reporting Ratio PRR 0.581). For comparison with verapamil, we evaluated risk of dementia associated with ibuprofen. We found that ibuprofen is related to a significantly reduced risk of AD (PRR 0.42) that was comparable to verapamil. Verapamil docked to human septin trimer 2/6/7 within septin 7, which has been associated with AD. Verapamil docked to the central GTP-binding domain of septin 7, which provides the two inter-subunit interfaces (named G and NC) necessary for filament assembly.
Conclusion: Strategies aimed at restoring Ca²⁺ balance, among them verapamil treatment, hold promise for mitigating the progression of AD and improving cognitive function.
Tailoring Charge Carriers through Solid-State Mechanochemical Synthesis Bismuth Nanoparticles Directly onto BiVO4 Surface
Authors: Faustino Leandro , Xavier Ismael , de Oliveira Paulo , Cordoba de Torresi Susana
Published: June 2024

Metallic nanoparticles remain the focus of diverse studies across various fields due to their exceptional properties and applications in biology, sensing, energy, and (electro)catalysis. Typical syntheses of metallic nanoparticles are solution-based and require the use of stabilizing agents. Although these surface agents prevent agglomeration, they also hinder access to active sites on the nanoparticle surface. A promising alternative is mechanochemical synthesis, offering a solvent and surfactant-free approach, which yields uniform nanoparticles with clean surfaces. Here, we employ ball milling as a mechanochemical method to prepare metallic bismuth nanoparticles in a single step, using BiVO4 semiconductor both as a bismuth source and a support. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to the formation of nanoparticles by the partial reduction of BiVO4, there is an increase in charge carriers in the semiconductor structure as probed by electrochemical experiments. The final properties of Bi@BiVO4 material make it a relevant candidate for (electro)catalysis.
PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL E OS SEUS IMPACTOS NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO GOVERNO DIGITAL
Authors: Gomes Hermes Oliveira , Camargo Maria Emilia
Published: June 2024

O uso de ferramentas digitais conectadas a internet tem se tornado presente no cotidiano das  pessoas, neste contexto socio tecnológico, os governos passam a inovar implementando ações de transformação tecnológica, incorporando  novos  serviços aos cidadãos através das Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Como parte quase que invisível desta Revolução Digital está a Propriedade Intelectual, presente em quase todas as soluções tecnológicas quando se pensa Governo como Plataforma, mesmo que direta ou indiretamente envolvida por essas mudanças advindas com a implementação das Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa visa identificar as conexões e impacto da Propriedade Intelectual com as Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital. Para isso, usa-se a técnica de Revisão Sistemática com análise de conteúdo em artigos acadêmicos em bases disponíveis no portal de periódico da Capes, entre março e abril de 2024, em um total de 57 artigos. As descobertas evidenciam que as pesquisas sobre Governo Digital vêm crescendo ao longo do tempo, tendo maior publicação no último ano de 2023, com destaque as bases da Web of Science e Compedex. Nesta revisão, fica destacado que os povos Chineses, Norte Americanos e Europeus, são os principais contribuintes teóricos destas pesquisas, publicando principalmente na revista Sustainability e Government Information Quarterly. Já em resposta aos objetivos, fica comprovado que a  Propriedade Intelectual está diretamente imbricada as Políticas Públicas do Governo Digital, estando mais correlacionada as questões referentes aos Programas de Computador (Softwares) e as Patentes.
Management of Hypothyroidism with Ayurveda - A Case Study
Authors: Smita Naram  , Komal Gawali  , Hemang Parekh
Published: June 2024

Thyroid problems are the most common endocrine disorders seen worldwide. Thyroid gland secretes two hormones, Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). TSH plays a major role in controlling the thyroid axis and serves as the most useful physiological marker of Thyroid gland function. Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy food habits may be considered as a primary reason behind increasing Endocrinological disorders including that of Thyroid gland. Increasing levels of stress and anxiety is also contributing to thyroid disorders as the gland is highly sensitive to stimuli. Many of the Kaphaja Nanatmaja Vikaras are seen as the clinical features of Hypothyroidism viz. Gurugatrata (feeling of heaviness), Alashya (lethargy), Tandra (drowsiness), Atisthoulya (obesity/weight gain), Atinidra (excessive sleep) etc. Hypothyroidism is a clinico-pathological condition affecting multiple systems and require multimodal treatment. The treatment protocol was adopted to counteract the pathophysiology by Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. Patient was cured completely with no reoccurrence of symptoms even after 6 months. During subsequent treatments and routine follow-ups, laboratory investigations were done. A case of hypothyroidism was successfully treated with multimodal Ayurvedic medicine, resulting in a rapid and significant recovery.
Sadhaka Pitta: The Gatekeeper for Mental Health w.s.r. to Neurotransmitter
Authors: Tejalrani Jaiswal  , Babita Sharma  , Swati Nagpal
Published: June 2024

Doshas, Dhatus, and Malas are the fundamental building blocks (physical entities) of the human body. Amongst them, Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) are directive forces for all activities of the body and mind. Each of the Tri Doshas exhibits particular Gunas, like Pitta Dosha, which is sweltering in nature. One of the Pitta subtypes that is located in the Hridaya and associated with psychosomatic functions and behaviour is the Sadhaka Pitta. It has the effect of making Hridaya more active as it consistently prevents the heart from being influenced by Kapha and Tamoguna, which slow down the activity of Hridaya. Sadhaka Pitta is primarily aligned with our cognitive abilities. So, its imbalance may induce psychosomatic imbalances and emotional disturbances. The function of Sadhaka Pitta may be compared with the function of neurotransmitters, which serve as the communication means between neurons and their target tissues in the process of synaptic transmission (neurotransmission). The body requires an extensive range of neurotransmitters serving different purposes, including acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, glycine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin etc. The functions of Sadhaka Pitta can be recognized as functions of higher centre of brain which is carried out by neurotransmitters. This article is an effort to explain the effect of Sadhaka Pitta on mental health and its correlation with neurotransmitter.
Pancha Shirishanama Agad - An Ethno-Ayurvedic Formulation for Insect Bite
Authors: Heena Tabassum  , Ramesh Chandra Tiwari  , Manisha Dikshit  , Bhawana Mittal  , Ved Bhushan Sharma
Published: June 2024

Agad Tantra is one among the branches of Ayurveda that deals with sign, symptoms and management of poisoning resulting from the bites of animal origin (Jangam Visha) like snakes (Sarpa), insects (Keet), spiders (Loota), rodents (Mooshika) etc as well as various toxic combinations of plants(inanimate) and mineral (Dhatu) poisons. To neutralize the effect of Visha (poison), administration of different Vishaghna (anti-toxic) formulations has been mentioned in classical texts. Pancha Shirishanama Agad is an ethno-Ayurvedic formulation indicated to be useful in the treatment of all types of Keet Visha (insect bite poison) and their associated symptoms. Pancha Shirishanama Agad consists of five parts of Shirish (seed, root, stembark, flower and leaves), Trikatu (Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali), Pancha Lavana (Saindhav Lavana, Sauvarchal Lavana, Samudra Lavana, Vid Lavana, Audbhidha Lavana) and Madhu. Almost all the ingredients are having Vedana Sthapana (analgesic) and Shothaghna (anti-inflammatory) properties as Vedana (pain), Sopha (swelling), Kandu (itch) and Jwara (fever) are the primary symptoms of Keet Visha Damsha (insect bite poison). Through this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the properties of all the ingredients of Pancha Shirishanama Agad in detail.
Therapeutic effect of an Ayurvedic drug in the management of Respiratory Allergic Disorders in children - A comprehensive review
Authors: Archit Kumar  , Brahm Dutt Sharma  , Nisha Ojha
Published: June 2024

Background: Respiratory allergic disorders (RAD) are the most common allergy symptom seen in children. Respiratory allergies are primarily caused by hyper responsiveness of the respiratory mucosa, which results in histamine release and mast cell activation. In Ayurvedic words, this could be viewed as an abnormality of the body's immune system or Ojus induced by disrupted Vata, Kapha, and Pitta. The prevalence of respiratory allergies in school-aged children in India varies widely, ranging from 5-20%. Methods: This study was completed by gathering the knowledge from classical Ayurvedic literature, research articles, guidelines and PubMed and MedLine databases. Results and Discussion: Dashmoola Katutrayadi drug is mentioned in Sahastra Yogam under Swasa Kasahara Kashaya have Shwas-Kasahar, anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic and anti-asthmatic effects individually and in combinations. Conclusion: Present review reveals that these drugs have potential to alleviate the severity and frequency of RAD and can be used for the management of the same.
Literature review about Forensic Toxicology and Poisoning
Authors: Ammar Boriwala  , Mayuri Hankare
Published: June 2024

The field of toxicology is the research and investigation of the properties, processes fatalities, effective dosage, recognition, evaluation, and deductive reasoning of the results of toxicological tests, in addition to the handling of poisons. Forensic toxicology focuses on the therapeutic and juridical consequences of contaminants' harmful effects on people. If a material penetrates into the human body or comes into contact with any portion of it, regardless of whether it is solid, liquid, or gaseous, it is deemed toxic. The local the surroundings, the body's structure, or both may have an impact on poisoning. Because even compounds that seem safe in little quantities can become lethal when taken in large quantities, and because toxins generated through bacteria aren't typically regarded as toxic substances, the concept of poison comes with an imprecise and inappropriate definition. Based on a forensic perspective, it is crucial to understand that there are two approaches taken in the criminal investigation of the poisoning case. In the first case, it's crucial to ascertain the kind of damage caused and the poison's consequences; in the second, on the other hand, it's critical to locate the perpetrator and ascertain their reasons. Poisoning may sometimes result in death, but it can also have long-term health implications on the victim. This suggests that law enforcement investigations into contamination are a very complex procedure involving experts spanning multiple disciplines.
Mandoor Shodhana - A Bird Eye Review
Authors: Tambat Deepal , Adhav Ketki
Published: June 2024

Mandoor (Iron Oxide) is important in Rasashastra as a Dravya from Upadhatu Varg.  It is widely used in Ayurveda therapeutics for the treatment of Pandu Roga, Kamala Roga, Rajakshaya and Raktakshaya. Mandoor is found buried inside the earth’s land and is said to be of mineral origin. Thus, it becomes important to get rid of physical and chemical impurities in Mandoor and make it potent for using it in therapeutics. To serve the necessity, Shodhana procedure is mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda. The physical and chemical changes occurring during Shodhana make Mandoor suitable for the therapeutic use. In the classical texts of Ayurveda and Rasashastra numerous Shodhana procedures for Mandoor are found mentioned. So here an attempt was made to review various Shodhana procedures for Mandoor.  In this context eighteen Vishesh Shodhana methods and a Samanya Shodhana found mentioned in different texts. A thorough review was carried out for the Shodhana procedures.
Critical study of Kala Shareera w.s.r. to Pittadhara Kala with its Modern Anatomy
Authors: Anil Patange  , M. R. Patil  , Jyoti R. Ankalagi
Published: June 2024

In various classical texts of Ayurveda, Kala is described as an anatomical structure, which separates the Dhatu and Aashaya i.e., it provides boundary between Dhatu and Aashaya. Also called as Dhatwashayantaramaryada. As per Acharya Sushruta, the numbers of Kala are Seven. Acharya Sushruta said as the core of a piece of wood become exposed to view by cutting into it, so the Dhatus of the body may be seen by removing the successive layers. These Kala are extensively supplied with Snayus, bathed in mucus and encased in membranous covering. By sequential order, Pittadhara Kala is the sixth Kala mentioned by Acharya Sushruta. According to modern anatomy the mucus membrane presents many villi, the intestinal villi are finger like projection of mucous membrane. They give the surface of the intestinal mucosa a velvety appearance. Each villus is covered by a layer of absorptive columnar cells. This article lays emphasis on the types of Kala according to Ayurvedic perspective w.s.r. to Pittadhara Kala and its correlation with modern anatomy. This article describes the various aspects of Kala mainly Pittadhara Kala in all respects to types, structure etc. Since description of Kala and its types is present in both the sciences, so an attempt is made in this article to correlate and compare Kala with Membrane.
To evaluate the effect of Marma Chikitsa in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica)
Authors: Rahul Gupta  , Rita Marwaha  , Pankaj Gupta
Published: June 2024

The uniqueness of Ayurveda is been scrutinized, analysed and then researched by its followers from the ancient time up to till date but it’s an endless procedure. Acc. to Ayurveda the whole human body is explained by itself but as it’s a modern era so we have to correlate each and every Ayurvedic concept with the modern science this study has been taken to correlate Ayurveda has classified the vital points in the body into 107 and named them Marma according to Acharya Sushruta Marma is constituted by confluence of Mansa (muscle), Sira (vessels), Snayu (nerves, tendons and ligaments), Asthi (bone) and Sandhi (joints).  Ayurveda is an ancient health science devoted to the cure on human suffering and for the care of the health of the people. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported between 60% to 80%. By contrast, the life time prevalence of sciatica is between 2% and 4%. According to Acharya Charaka, two types of Gridhrasi have been listed Vataj and Vatakaphaja Gridhrasi is a Shula Pradhana Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi which is characterized by the Kramat Shula in the Prushtha Bhaaga of Sphik, Kati, Uru, Jaanu Jangha and Pada Pradesha.
An Atypical Case Report - Strychnos nux-vomica toxicity resulting from Vishtinduk Vati overdose linked with bradycardia
Authors: Khushali S. Shroff  , Abhaychandra S. Inamdar
Published: June 2024

Strychnos nux-vomica, commonly known as poison nut, is a plant notorious for its toxic alkaloids, particularly strychnine and brucine. While cases of poisoning from nux-vomica ingestion have been documented, its occurrence following Vishtinduk Vati overdose is exceedingly rare. Here a case of a 55-year-old female with a known history of osteoarthritis who inadvertently overdosed on Vishtinduk Vati, an over-the-counter Ayurvedic medicine containing nux-vomica, in an attempt to alleviate her pain, led to severe poisoning characterized by classical symptoms of strychnine toxicity, including muscle twitching, vomiting and bradycardia, necessitating immediate medical intervention. This case highlights the dangers of self-medication with herbal remedies and the accessibility of potentially harmful over-the-counter Ayurvedic medications. It underscores the importance of healthcare providers opting for safer drug choices in daily practice and advocating against the indiscriminate use of herbal supplements, emphasizing the need for regulation and education to prevent such adverse outcomes.
A study to evaluate the efficacy of Nirgundi (Vitex negundo Linn.) Patra Arka in the management of Post-Operative Fistulotomy Wound - A Case Report
Authors: Keya V. Sonawala  , Padma Bhat  , KM Sweta
Published: June 2024

Fistulotomy is considered the standard treatment modality for fistula-in-ano and is the most widely performed procedure in an average of 55.6% of cases. A post-operative fistulotomy wound is a contaminated wound and is more prone to further contamination by faeces, which may lead to secondary infections or delayed wound healing. Management of these wounds have been a challenging task, due to their anatomical position and patient’s minimal resting period, hence delaying its healing. Thus, these wounds are co-related to Dushta Vrana in Ayurveda which requires Vrana Shodhana and Vrana Ropana for management. Nirgundi Patra Arka has shown promising results by the virtue of its Vrana Vishodhana, Vrana Ropana, Shoolahara and Kandughna property and is considered a novel approach for the same. Therefore, a patient aged 25 years/ male with a post-operative fistulotomy wound was subjected to dressing with Nirgundi Patra Arka twice a day for a period of 14 days. Complete healing of the wound was observed in 21 days and findings as per VAS score and Bates - Jensens criteria for wound assessment tool were documented.
Ayurvedic management of Gridhrasi (sciatica): A Case Report
Authors: Nidhi Vishwakarma  , Rita Singh  , Sanjay Srivastava  , Sapna Shrivas
Published: June 2024

Sciatica is one of the most common emerging diseases in India which is affecting peoples physically as well as mentally. It can be defined as low back pain radiating to unilateral lower limb or bilateral lower limb along with paraesthesis. Treatment includes internal medication for pain and inflammation, Physical therapy and spinal injections. And lastly surgery is advised for those who do not respond to conservative  treatment. But the success rate for this surgery is not so high. A 60 year male patient presenting with complain of back pain radiating to b/l lower limbs since 3 years treated with Ardhang Snehan Swedan along with Erandamoolaadi Basti (Kaal Yoga) and oral Ayurveda medication. Total duration of the treatment was 16 days however significant pain relief observed from the day three. This case is an evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ayurveda treatment in case of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) and as a proposition for further research on more number of patients.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Risk Factors for All and Severity-Specific Preterm Births in Southern China, 2014-2021: Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Miao Huazhang , He Hui , Nie Chuan , Ren Jianbing , Luo Xianqiong
Published: June 2024

Background

The worldwide incidence of preterm births is increasing, and the risks of adverse outcomes for preterm infants significantly increase with shorter gestation, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden. Limited epidemiological studies have been conducted in China regarding the incidence and spatiotemporal trends of preterm births. Seasonal variations in risk indicate the presence of possible modifiable factors. Gender influences the risk of preterm birth.

Objective

This study aims to assess the incidence rates of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth; elucidate their spatiotemporal distribution; and investigate the risk factors associated with preterm birth.

Methods

We obtained data from the Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Information System, spanning from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, pertaining to neonates with gestational ages ranging from 24 weeks to 42 weeks. The primary outcome measures assessed variations in the rates of different preterm birth subtypes over the course of the study, such as by year, region, and season. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between preterm birth incidence and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), simultaneously analyzing the contributing risk factors.

Results

The analysis incorporated data from 13,256,743 live births. We identified 754,268 preterm infants and 12,502,475 full-term infants. The incidences of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and extremely preterm birth were 5.69 per 100 births, 4.46 per 1000 births, and 4.83 per 10,000 births, respectively. The overall incidence of preterm birth increased from 5.12% in 2014 to 6.38% in 2021. The incidence of extremely preterm birth increased from 4.10 per 10,000 births in 2014 to 8.09 per 10,000 births in 2021. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of preterm infants and GDP per capita. In more developed economic regions, the incidence of preterm births was higher. Furthermore, adjusted odds ratios revealed that advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and male infants were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, whereas childbirth in the autumn season was associated with a protective effect against preterm birth.

Conclusions

The incidence of preterm birth in southern China exhibited an upward trend, closely linked to enhancements in the care capabilities for high-risk pregnant women and critically ill newborns. With the recent relaxation of China's 3-child policy, coupled with a temporary surge in advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancies, the risk of preterm birth has risen. Consequently, there is a pressing need to augment public health investments aimed at mitigating the risk factors associated with preterm birth, thereby alleviating the socioeconomic burden it imposes.
The Machine Speaks: Conversational AI and the Importance of Effort to Relationships of Meaning
Authors: Hartford Anna , Stein Dan J
Published: June 2024

The focus of debates about conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) has largely been on social and ethical concerns that arise when we speak to machines—what is gained and what is lost when we replace our human interlocutors, including our human therapists, with AI. In this viewpoint, we focus instead on a distinct and growing phenomenon: letting machines speak for us. What is at stake when we replace our own efforts at interpersonal engagement with CAI? The purpose of these technologies is, in part, to remove effort, but effort has enormous value, and in some cases, even intrinsic value. This is true in many realms, but especially in interpersonal relationships. To make an effort for someone, irrespective of what that effort amounts to, often conveys value and meaning in itself. We elaborate on the meaning, worth, and significance that may be lost when we relinquish effort in our interpersonal engagements as well as on the opportunities for self-understanding and growth that we may forsake.
Effects of Monitoring Frailty Through a Mobile/Web-Based Application and a Sensor Kit to Prevent Functional Decline in Frail and Prefrail Older Adults: FACET (Frailty Care and Well Function) Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Valdés-Aragonés Myriam , Pérez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Carnicero José Antonio , Moreno-Sánchez Pedro A , Oviedo-Briones Myriam , Villalba-Mora Elena , Abizanda-Soler Pedro , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio
Published: June 2024

Background

Frailty represents a state of susceptibility to stressors and constitutes a dynamic process. Untreated, this state can progress to disability. Hence, timely detection of alterations in patients’ frailty status is imperative to institute prompt clinical interventions and impede frailty progression. With this aim, the FACET (Frailty Care and Well Function) technological ecosystem was developed to provide clinically gathered data from the home to a medical team for early intervention.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess whether the FACET technological ecosystem prevents frailty progression and improves frailty status, according to the frailty phenotype criteria and Frailty Trait Scale-5 items (FTS-5) at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.

Methods

This randomized clinical trial involved 90 older adults aged ≥70 years meeting 2 or more Fried frailty phenotype criteria, having 4 or more comorbidities, and having supervision at home. This study was conducted between August 2018 and June 2019 at the geriatrics outpatient clinics in Getafe University Hospital and Albacete University Hospital. Participants were randomized into a control group receiving standard treatment and the intervention group receiving standard treatment along with the FACET home monitoring system. The system monitored functional tests at home (gait speed, chair stand test, frailty status, and weight). Outcomes were assessed using multivariate linear regression models for continuous response and multivariate logistic models for dichotomous response. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 82.33 years, with 28% (25/90) being males. Participants allocated to the intervention group showed a 74% reduction in the risk of deterioration in the FTS-5 score (P=.04) and 92% lower likelihood of worsening by 1 point according to Fried frailty phenotype criteria compared to the control group (P=.02) at 6 months of follow-up. Frailty status, when assessed through FTS-5, improved in the intervention group at 3 months (P=.004) and 6 months (P=.047), while when the frailty phenotype criteria were used, benefits were shown at 3 months of follow-up (P=.03) but not at 6 months.

Conclusions

The FACET technological ecosystem helps in the early identification of changes in the functional status of prefrail and frail older adults, facilitating prompt clinical interventions, thereby improving health outcomes in terms of frailty and functional status and potentially preventing disability and dependency.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03707145; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03707145
Assessing the Relationship Between Vitiligo and Major Depressive Disorder Severity: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Molla Amr , Jannadi Raed , Alayoubi Hamza , Altouri Haya , Balkhair Maryam , Hafez Dareen
Published: June 2024

Background

Vitiligo, a common dermatological disorder in Saudi Arabia, is associated with significant psychological impacts. This study explores the relationship between vitiligo and the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD), highlighting the broader implications on mental health among affected individuals.

Objective

We aim to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among adult patients with vitiligo, and to examine the relationship between MDD severity and vitiligo.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, the research used the vitiligo area severity index and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure the extent of vitiligo and depression severity, respectively. This study involved 340 diagnosed patients with vitiligo from various health care settings. Logistic and ordinal regression analysis were applied to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables and vitiligo types on MDD severity.

Results

The prevalence of MDD was 58.8% (200/340) of participants. Depression severity varied notably: 18.2% (62/340) of patients experienced mild depression, 17.9% (61/340) moderate, 11.8% (40/340) moderately severe, and 10.9% (37/340) severe depression. Female patients had higher odds of severe depression than male patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.14, 95% CI 1.93-5.1; P<.001). Age was inversely related to depression severity, with patients aged older than 60 years showing significantly lower odds (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.03-0.39; P<.001). Lower income was associated with higher depression severity (aOR 10.2, 95% CI 3.25-31.8; P<.001). Vitiligo types also influenced depression severity; vulgaris (aOR 5.3, 95% CI 2.6-10.9; P<.001) and acrofacial vitiligo (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.1; P<.001) were significantly associated with higher depression levels compared to focal vitiligo.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that vitiligo contributes to an increased risk of severe depression, highlighting the need for integrated dermatological and psychological treatment approaches to address both the physical and mental health aspects of the disease.
HOSPITALIZAÇÃO NA PANDEMIA: Perspectivas de pacientes internados não diagnosticados com COVID-19
Authors: Miranda Bárbara Aline Bezerra de , Ferreira Cintia Bragheto
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the world since it was decreed in March 2020. As a result, studies have been produced with people who had the disease. However, there are gaps about the repercussions of the pandemic for people who had to be hospitalized for health treatments. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe the perspective of patients, without a diagnosis of Covid-19, on the hospitalization experience, during the pandemic, marked by the absence of vaccines. Therefore, a qualitative-descriptive study was carried out, with a social constructionist methodological orientation, in which semi-structured interviews were carried out with 10 patients who were hospitalized in a public university hospital. The content of the interviews resulted in the construction of the themes: repercussions of hospitalization and the hospital as a place of care. The results show that the participants experienced feelings of fear and a sense of isolation, which were alleviated with the support between patients, professionals and religiosity/spirituality, presenting social support as an important coping resource. In addition, the suffering experienced by the participants seems to have been amplified and intensified by the pandemic, drawing attention to mental health care.
A ANSIEDADE NO ADULTO E SUAS SEQUELAS PSICOLÓGICAS INFANTIS: Um diálogo entre terapias cognitivas e neurociências
Authors: Andrade Laert Bruno de , Meneses Danilo Andrade de , Tagliaferro Camila Teresa Ponce de Leon Mendonça
Published: June 2024

Based on the continuous development of Cognitive Therapies, together with the contribution of Neuroscience, the aim of this research was to highlight the influence of the psychological impacts of the participants' childhoods on the development of anxious predispositions in their adult phases, as well as to identify the existence of possible psychological upheavals in relation to their caregivers or family nuclei, and possible negative experiences in school environments. The research methods were cross-sectional to obtain data, and the research was exploratory and descriptive, quantitative and qualitative, with simple random sampling of 260 participants aged between 25 and 45. By applying a thematic questionnaire about stressors experienced during childhood, as well as using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), it was possible to verify that for each degree of anxiety, i.e. normal, mild, moderate and severe, there was an increasing number of childhood stressors. Participants with higher levels of anxiety therefore experienced more stressful situations in childhood than those with lower levels of anxiety. This highlights the importance of preserving functional human interactions in families and educational institutions for healthy psycho-emotional development in children and adults.
Eiropas Savienības starptautisko privāttiesību ietekme uz Civillikuma kolīziju normām attiecībā uz pārrobežu laulības šķiršanai un laulāto mantiskajām attiecībām piemērojamo likumu
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Stikāne Līga
Published: June 2024

European Union private international law contains unified conflict-of-laws rules which determine the law applicable to cross-border divorce (Rome III Regulation) and matrimonial property relations (Regulation on Matrimonial Property Regimes). While the Rome III Regulation is directly applicable in Latvia, thus replacing national private international law as regards the issues addressed therein, Latvia is not participating in the Regulation on Matrimonial Property Regimes, and hence, in Latvia, the law applicable to matrimonial property relations is still determined according to Article 13 of the Civil Law. The author of this paper explores the impact of both regulations on the conflict-of-laws rules of the Civil Law and offers several proposals with a view to improving the relevant provisions of the Civil Law.
Kreditora pienākums atmaksāt parādniekam naudas līdzekļus Maksātnespējas likuma 99. panta otrās daļas kārtībā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Brants Edijs
Published: June 2024

In this article, the author analyses the understanding of a creditor’s obligation to repay funds received from a debtor under Article 99, Section 2 of the Insolvency Law. Specifically, the author critiques Supreme Court’s judgement on 15 March 2023 in case № SKC-62/2023. The author concludes that Article 99, Section 2 of the Insolvency Law entails a rather peculiar legal rule by penalizing creditors who actively safeguard their legal rights and interests. Furthermore, the author argues that the Supreme Court’s judgement unjustly prioritizes the principle of creditor equality, potentially resulting in adverse ramifications for Latvia’s business landscape.
Kvazideliktu regulējuma Latvijā pagātnes mācības un mūsdienu tendences
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Bitāns Agris
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the institute of quasi-delict, which is still preserved as one of the bases for the emergence of obligations in the civil law regulation and the Civil Law. For the successful application of the quasi-delict institute, it is important to correctly determine the basis of the quasi-delict liability. Likewise, it is crucial to accurately determine the scope of the quasi-delict liability. Regarding the basis of quasi-delict liability, the understanding of the manifestations of wrongful acts, the place, as well as the culpability, remains unchanged. However, the position regarding the scope of quasi-delict liability must be altered. Narrow, grammatical interpretation of Articles 2358–2362 is not justified, and, in the case of a quasi-delict, only damages for pecuniary losses should be applied as civil remedies. Since in the case of a quasi-delict the same civil remedies as in the case of a delict (tort) would be applicable, including compensation for non-pecuniary loss, editorial improvements are required in Articles CL 2358–2362 accordingly.
Nekustamā īpašuma atsavināšanas piespiedu izsolē atsevišķi problēmjautājumi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Ose Daina
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to address the issues related to the consequences of forced auctions, arising in practice after the auction has taken place, including the rights and obligations of the acquirer before registering property rights in the land register. As evidenced by cases of jurisprudence and court practice, the process after an auction has already taken place is subject to the most extensive discussions and numerous interpretations, that is, until the auction act is approved in court and the owner’s property rights are corroborated in the land register. Ambiguities may arise because the acquirer has different terms when he has the right to income from the case and the obligation to answer for the auctioned real estate. The difference in terms can comprise several months.
Liegums personai izceļot no valsts draudu novēršanas nolūkā: tiesiskā regulējuma pamatojums un īstenošanas aspekti
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Krutova Ērika
Published: June 2024

Since joining the European Union and the Schengen Area, the national legal framework has been supplemented by provisions, whose neccessity has not always been sufficiently discussed and understood by the executive. Both legislative amendments and new regulations in the national framework were needed in order to implement the requirements of Regulation 2018/1862 of the European Union. The aim of this publication is to raise awareness of law enforcement officials about the right to prevent a vulnerable person from leaving the Republic of Latvia by examining the nature of alerts that can be placed in the Schengen Information System on vulnerable persons who should be prevented from travelling, assessing the need for the alert, decision-making procedures and criteria. The main conclusion of the study is that alerts on vulnerable persons who should be prevented from travelling should be perceived as a tool to guarantee the protection of the area of freedom, security and justice. At the same time, it notes that decisions on exit bans affect individuals and society as a whole, as well as human rights.