Developing Policy for e-Science: In Case of Germany
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Park Jae-Sue , Lee Joon 
Published: June 2018

The e-Science is emerged on a new R&D paradigm and is concerned about global collaboration in key areas of science including the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it. In particular, the infrastructure is considered as an important part of e-science. It is generally referred to as the Grid that shares e-infrastructure to display data. Grid Computing Technology enables to share all resources(computing power, data storage and relevant information) on a global scale and is also governed by e-Science economy.
In this paper, we investigate what is e-Science, and how to develop the policy associated with it consequently. We also focus on the situations that is brought about public consensus and a dilemma on developing policies for e-Science. Additionally, we attempt to identify the characteristics of German policies on e-Science that shows the excellent evidence of theories and practices in science and industry policies in German. That is the reason why we choose and analyze the cases of e-Science Initiatives in German. It provides us a lot lessons because German policies are based on the coordination and cooperation of widely distributed science and industrial parts, and are guided by BMBF systematically.
By a research model in this study, it provides the clue of starting point developing a policy of e-Science. Since Government is not able to deal with all the system, such as e-Infra, Grid Computing, and e-Science economy which are necessary for alpha(humanities, arts, language etc), beta(mathematics, chemistry, physics, Astrology, Medicine etc), gamma(Society/behavior science, economy and law etc), the developing policies of e-Science needs to apply to a strategic approach after identifying the situations such as a dot(e-Society), a linear(X, Y, Z), an aspect(e-Science economy, e-Infra, Grid Computing), a space(Basic, Usage, Application).
As the above view, e-Science policy needs to focus on the target area. After that, it is recommended to move to Grid Computing project, developing e-Infra step by step. Again, e-Science Policy moves to develop CDI-P type(Customer Driven Innovation Pull): e-Science economy through Grid Computing, T-P type(Tech Push): e-Infra for Grid Computing.
Meanwhiles, German scientists and scientific organizations in 2003 jointly published a strategic paper which examined the status and consequences of grid technology on scientific research in Germany and recommended a long-term strategic grid research and development initiative. This resulted in the German D-Grid Initiative founded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF) in March 2004, together with a call for proposals in the areas of Grid Computing, e-Learning, and Knowledge Management. The first D-Grid projects started on September 1, 2005. D-Grid 1: IT services for scientists, designed and developed by the ‘early adopters’ of the computer science and scientific computing communities. D-Grid 2: IT services for scientists, industry, and business.
Accordingly, though Germany e-Science Initiatives strategically drive up Grid Computing and Knowledge Management, it has a point beyond the boundary between science and industry. It is characterized that the initial stage begins with Grid Computing policy, transfers to Knowledge Management thereafter. E-Learning is placed on the optional position. Normally, e-Science is considered as a strategic goal so the priority of it is relatively clear. BMBF also clear states “The German e-Science Initiative is a strategic task”. A another is to try up international competition through a peculiar collaboration-based formation between science and industry.