bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSLATIONAL LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY USING VEGETATION ANOMALIES INDICATOR (VAI) IN KUNDASANG, SABAH
Authors: Mohd Salleh M. R. , Norhairi N. H. A. , Ismail Z. , Abd Rahman M. Z. , Abdul Khanan M. F. , Asmadi M. A. , Razak K. A. , Tam T. H. , Osman M. J.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This paper introduced a novel method of landslide activity mapping using vegetation anomalies indicators (VAIs) obtained from high resolution remotely sensed data. The study area was located in a tectonically active area of Kundasang, Sabah, Malaysia. High resolution remotely sensed data were used to assist manual landslide inventory process and production on VAIs. The inventory process identified 33, 139, and 31 of active, dormant, and relict landslides, respectively. Landslide inventory map were randomly divided into two groups for training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Overall, 7 group of VAIs were derived including (i) tree height irregularities; (ii) tree canopy gap; (iii) density of different layer of vegetation; (iv) vegetation type distribution; (v) vegetation indices (VIs); (vi) root strength index (RSI); and (vii) distribution of water-loving trees. The VAIs were used as the feature layer input of the classification process with landslide activity as the target results. The landslide activity of the study area was classified using support vector machine (SVM) approach. SVM parameter optimization was applied by using Grid Search (GS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the validation dataset is between 61.4–86%, and kappa is between 0.335–0.769 for deep-seated translational landslide. SVM RBF-GS with 0.5m spatial resolution produced highest overall accuracy and kappa values. Also, the overall accuracy of the validation dataset for shallow translational is between 49.8–71.3%, and kappa is between 0.243–0.563 where SVM RBF-GS with 0.5m resolution recorded the best result. In conclusion, this study provides a novel framework in utilizing high resolution remote sensing to support labour intensive process of landslide inventory. The nature-based vegetation anomalies indicators have been proved to be reliable for landslide activity identification in Malaysia.
IFC TO CITYGML CONVERSION ALGORITHM BASED ON GEOMETRY AND SEMANTIC MAPPING
Authors: Sani M. J. , Musliman I. A. , Abdul Rahman A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Geographic information system (GIS) is known traditionally for the modelling of two-dimensional (2D) geospatial analysis and therefore present information about the extensive spatial framework. On the other hand, building information modelling (BIM) is digital representation of building life cycle. The increasing use of both BIM and GIS simultaneously because of their mutual relationship, as well as their similarities, has resulted in more relationships between both worlds, therefore the need for their integration. A significant purpose of these similarities is importing BIM data into GIS to significantly assist in different design-related issues. However, currently this is challenging due to the diversity between the two worlds which includes diversity in coordinate systems, three-dimensional (3D) geometry representation, and semantic mismatch. This paper describes an algorithm for the conversion of IFC data to CityGML in order to achieve the set goal of sharing information between BIM and GIS domains. The implementation of the programme developed using python was validated using an IFC model (block HO2) of a student’s hostel, Kolej Tun Fatima (KTF). The conversion is based on geometric and semantic information mapping and the use of 3D affine transformation of IFC data from local coordinate system (LCS) to CityGML world coordinate system (WCS) (EPSG:4236). In order to bridge the gap between the two data exchange formats of BIM and GIS, we conducted geometry and semantic mapping. In this paper, we limited the conversion of the IFC model on level of details 2 (LOD2). The conversion will serve as a bridge toward the development of a software that will perform the conversion to create a strong synergy between the two domains for purpose of sharing information.
Do cabimento dos meios consensuais de solução de conflitos para a promoção do turismo no Brasil
Authors: Madureira Maria
Published: January 2022

A adoção de meios consensuais de solução de conflitos (MSCS) para promover a atividade turística pode ser mais um argumento convincente que atende a duas finalidades simultâneas: ampliar o uso e a consolidação desses métodos e promover o turismo no Brasil. Com base nessa premissa e na sinergia entre princípios, fundamentos e objetivos, o trabalho pretende analisar o papel e a utilidade dos meios consensuais de solução de conflitos (negociação, conciliação, mediação, facilitação de diálogos, os comitês de resolução de controvérsias, entre outros), recomendando-os em quaisquer fases dos empreendimentos turísticos (concepção, viabilidade, operação, extinção) com vistas à otimização garantida de resultados. Para tal, adotou-se uma metodologia de cunho analítico-indutiva, amparada em pesquisa bibliográfica, relato de caso e na experiência profissional da autora.
Arbitragem sem precatório: celeridade do início ao fim
Authors: Balassiano Tamara
Published: January 2022

O artigo busca analisar as alternativas ao regime de precatórios judiciais, rito aplicável ao pagamento de débitos devidos pela Administração Pública, a fim de afastar a morosidade no pagamento de débitos reconhecidos em sentença arbitral condenatória em desfavor da Administração Pública. A relevância do tema reside no fato de a eleição da via arbitral não ser, sozinha, suficiente para garantir a segurança jurídica necessária à celebração de contratos administrativos com o parceiro privado. Inicialmente, serão analisadas as possibilidades de pagamento pela via administrativa e por intermédio de fundo garantidor de natureza privada e patrimônio próprio. Na sequência, será avaliada a possibilidade de compensação de créditos recíprocos entre o particular e o ente administrativo, por decisão do tribunal arbitral, na forma do Código Civil, como alternativa complementar.
As cláusulas de earn-out e a mediação
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo
Published: January 2022

As cláusulas de earn-out são frequentemente utilizadas em transações de compra e venda de empresas, possibilitando que o vendedor receba um complemento de preço caso sejam atingidas determinadas metas pactuadas com o comprador. Porém, definir tais metas e apurar o seu cumprimento não é tarefa simples, e são inúmeras as disputas decorrentes da utilização deste mecanismo contratual. Analisaremos como a mediação pode contribuir para a redução do volume de disputas relacionadas às cláusulas de earn-out.
Social Media-Tion: A Constructive Approach to Dispute Resolution?
Authors: Harshita Agarwal , Sen Poulomi
Published: January 2022

In the twenty-first century which is regarded as the dawn of the social media age, the disputants, as well as the legal professionals such as advocates and judges, embrace the information available at their disposal on several social media platforms. It has altered the conduct of arbitration by changing the way disputants communicate. Being the modern tool for communication, it has elevated the speed and dissemination of information, which allows audiences to follow the dispute and express their support or dissatisfaction towards the disputants. As a consequence, the parties seeking redressal of their grievances through ADR get influenced due to the formation of ‘unconscious bias’. Communication is the epitome of the dispute resolution process, and the intervention of social media in the process generates a ghost syndrome, thus, resulting in the fading of such epitome. Its impact is not restricted to the parties but has the potential to undermine the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the judge or the mediator. Social Media has become significant within the legal domain as technology penetrates all ambits of individual endeavors. Looking towards the positive contributions, it acts as a source of evidence, especially in employment and labor disputes. Transformations in communication technologies have altered the definition of power in international arbitration, the class of individuals participating in the process, and strategies employed to mediate the conflict. The paper intends to discuss the elite usage and manipulation of social media impacting ADR, the cases influenced by it, and the theoretical framework required for its conduct.
La tradition orale africaine comme outil de plaidoyer : l’écocritique dans Ijala d’Ogundare Foyanmu
Authors: Atilade Kayode
Published: January 2022

Les poètes africains continuent à démontrer leur engagement social de diverses manières en créant des œuvres qui conscientisent les gens dans leur société. Bien que l'écocritique soit une théorie relativement nouvelle, ces poètes ont été préoccupés de divers problèmes qui affectent l’environnement afin de le protéger et préserver. Ijala, en tant que poésie orale popularisée par les chasseurs locaux chez les Yorubas de l’ouest du Nigeria, a été étudié par différents chercheurs de diverses perspectives. Cependant, sa pertinence écologique n'a pas bien été étudiée, aussi et plus important, ce genre n’a pas figuré dans le domaine d’études francophones. C'est dans cette optique que cet article aborde une lecture écocritique d’Ijala d’Ogundare Foyanmu. L’article vise à établir la conscience environnementale dans l’œuvre de ce poète d’origine yoruba. En s’appuyant sur le chant intitulé Omiyale, l’article révèle comment Foyanmu conseille le peuple à s'abstenir de sous-estimer avec mépris l'effet du danger de l'eau. L’article établit qu’Ijala, en tant que poème oral chez le Yoruba, ne se limite pas à la chasse ou à la vie des chasseurs. Il est également un moyen de plaidoyer et est utilisé pour traiter d’autres questions socio-politiques et économiques.
‘Don’t mess with my algorithm’: Exploring the relationship between listeners and automated curation and recommendation on music streaming services
Authors: Freeman Sophie , Gibbs Martin , Nansen Bjørn
Published: January 2022

Given access to huge online collections of music on streaming platforms such as Spotify or Apple Music, users have become increasingly reliant on algorithmic recommender systems and automated curation and discovery features to find and curate music. Based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 15 active users of music streaming services, this article critically examines the user experience of music recommendation and streaming, seeking to understand how listeners interact with and experience these systems, and asking how recommendation and curation features define their use in a new and changing landscape of music consumption and discovery. This paper argues that through daily interactions with algorithmic features and curation, listeners build complex socio-technical relationships with these algorithmic systems, involving human-like factors such as trust, betrayal and intimacy. This article is significant as it positions music recommender systems as active agents in shaping music listening habits and the individual tastes of users.
Is carousel interaction really usable?
Authors: Keya Rashika Tasnim , Murano Pietro
Published: January 2022

In this paper a novel and significant study into the usability of carousel interaction in the context of desktop interaction is presented. Two equivalent prototypes in an e-commerce context were developed. One version had a carousel and the other version did not have a carousel. These were then compared with each other in an empirical experiment with 40 participants.
The data collected were statistically analysed and overall results showed that in terms of performance the Web site version without carousel outperformed the version with carousel. Furthermore, the subjective preferences of the participants were strongly in favour of the without carousel version of the site.
The results of this study make an important contribution to knowledge suggesting that in many cases implementing a carousel is not the best design decision. The results of this paper are particularly significant in relation to desktop versioned Web sites and goal-driven tasks. Serendipitous-type tasks and mobile versioned web sites used on mobile devices with touch screens were not part of the scope of this work.
THE FIRST WORKS ON LOGIC IN RUSSIAN IN THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors: Кобзарь Владимир Иванович , Тоноян Лариса Грачиковна
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию первых учебников по логике, написанных и опубликованных на доступном читателю русском, или, как чаще говорили в XVIII веке, российском языке. Нами исследованы первые русскоязычные сочинения, учебники и переводы с целью проследить становление логической терминологии на русском языке и для сравнительного анализа этих учебников.

The article is devoted to the study of the first textbooks on logic written and published in Russian, the language accessible to the Russian reader, in the 18th century. We have studied the first Russian-language essays, textbooks and translations in order to trace the formation of logical terminology in Russian and for a comparative analysis of these textbooks.
A STEP BACKWARDS IN CROSS-WORLD PREDICATION
Authors: Тискин Даниил Борисович
Published: January 2022

В реплике выдвигается два возражения против синтактико-семантической архитектуры логики межмировой предикации Е. В. Борисова. Одно состоит в том, что в языке Борисова невозможно адекватно формализовать контингентные пропозиции с нульместными предикатами (типа ‘Светает’), поскольку число аргументов-миров у предиката привязано к числу аргументов-индивидов. Второе основано на избыточности вводимой Борисовым VP-функции, сопоставляющей индивидам возможные миры, для интерпретации термов даже с учётом межмировой предикации.

The note contains two objections to the syntactic and semantic architecture of Borisov’s logic for cross-world predication. First, I point out that Borisov’s language is unable adequately to formalise contingent propositions with zero-place predicate (e.g. ‘It is raining’) due to the inflexible connection between the number of world arguments of a predicate and the number of its individual arguments. Second, I argue that Borisov’s VP-functions, whose job is to map individuals to possible worlds where they are to be considered, are redundant even if our goal is to handle cross-world predication.
ANALYSIS OF INCOME AND PROPERTY DECLARATION SYSTEMS: A MODEL OF UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, KUANDYKOV Nurzhan , NURKEY Aisulu ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, KOSHERBAYEVA Aigul
Published: January 2022

This article, based on open sources, conducts research in the field of the shadow economy and corruption in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In order to combat corruption and reduce the scale of the shadow economy, the income and assets declaration of citizens will be introduced from 2025. In this regard, the key issue of the study is the need to involve the entire population to achieve the goal, or it can be limited only to certain individuals. The article presents theoretical, regulatory, and legal frameworks/strategic documents in terms of corruption and the shadow economy. The article also analyzes the factors affecting the shadow economy and corruption. The analysis showed a positive correlation between the shadow economy and corruption. In this connection, the article calls into question the need for the tax burden of the entire population, while most of the unaccounted-for economy consists of corrupt assets.
COMPARISON OF SOME CONSTITUTIONAL POSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ZONE AND THE USA STATE OF ALASKA
Authors:   North-West Institute of Management RANEPA, Minina Marina
Published: January 2022

The similarity of the regions of the Russian Arctic and the state of Alaska in the United States in the climate, geographical and geopolitical terms is obvious. However, at the same time there are many differences, in many ways determining the level and quality of life of the population of these territories. The historical retrospective of the development of Siberian and northern lands development by the Russian people, who reached the strait between Asia and America and colonized part of the territory of North America, about the successful beginning and end of this "company" stretching for two centuries, some understanding of the need to develop new lands for the Russian man individually and the state as a whole, the article refers. Considering the situation of modern Russia and the United States of America in terms of the sustainable development of the northern, Arctic regions of both countries, an attempt is made to find possible ways to improve the financial situation of the indigenous peoples of the North and the non-native inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by comparing constitutional approaches to socio-economic development and the area of environmental management of the Russian and American Arctic.
A branch and bound method in a permutation flow shop with blocking and setup times
Authors: Nagano Marcelo Seido , Takano Mauricio Iwama , Robazzi João Vítor Silva
Published: January 2022

In this paper it is presented an improvement of the branch and bound algorithm for the permutation flow shop problem with blocking-in-process and setup times with the objective of minimizing the total flow time and tardiness, which is known to be NP-Hard when there are two or more machines involved. With that objective in mind, a new machine-based lower bound that exploits some structural properties of the problem. A database with 27 classes of problems, varying in number of jobs (n) and number of machines (m) was used to perform the computational experiments. Results show that the algorithm can deal with most of the problems with less than 20 jobs in less than one hour. Thus, the method proposed in this work can solve the scheduling of many applications in manufacturing environments with limited buffers and separated setup times.
An extensive and systematic literature review for hybrid flowshop scheduling problems
Authors: Çolak Murat , Keskin Gülşen Aydın
Published: January 2022

Hybrid flowshop scheduling problem (HFSP) is a mixture of two classical scheduling problems as parallel machine scheduling (PMS) and flowshop scheduling (FS). In the HFSP, a series of jobs are processed respectively in a set of stages that at least one of these stages has more than one parallel machine (identical, uniform or unrelated). HFSP is a widespreadly studied subject in the literature and there are various application areas such as transportation, healthcare management, agricultural activities, cloud computing, and the most common manufacturing. Therefore, it will be useful to present a review study including recent papers and developments related to this problem for researchers. For this aim, in this paper, a systematic literature survey has been conducted with respect to HFSPs by means of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology which enables to realize systematic review and meta-analyses in a specified subject. 172 articles which are published in the 2010-2020 year interval, related to production scheduling and including a mathematical programming model to express scheduling problems have been determined as a result of this methodological review process. These articles have been statistically analyzed according to many features such as year, country, journal, number of stages, type of parallel machines, constraints, objective functions, solution methods, test instances and type of parameters. The results of statistical analyses have been presented through charts so as to provide a visual demonstration to researchers. Furthermore, it has been aimed to answer 14 predetermined research questions by means of analyses realized in the scope of this review study. Consequently, it has revealed the existing literature, recent developments and future research suggestions related to HFSP and therefore it is possible to say that this review paper provides a beneficial road map for researchers studying in this field.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress potential of some Nsaıds against Hydrogen Peroxide in experimental animal
Authors: Singh KM Diksha , Singh Vikram , Singh Adity , Kesharwani Vipin
Published: January 2022

Background: Oxidative stress is imbalance between aggressive and defensive system. Overproduction of oxidative stress contribute in pathogenesis of many diseasesincluding Parkinsonism, Alzheimer diseases, apoptosis, hepatic fibrosis ,chronic kidney failure and liver steatosis etc . There are several OTC drugs including NSAIDs that generate oxidative stress when administered. So there is a need to explore about these drugs. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress potential of Acetaminophen, acetyl salicylic acid and Celecoxib NSAIDs. Objective: The present study is design to investigate the oxidative stress of NSAIDs of acetaminophen, aspirin and Celecoxib drug with reference to the hydrogen peroxide. Material and method: The Experimental protocol was designed for estimate the level of oxidative stress in NSAIDs treated animals against hydrogen peroxides. Animal of control group received only vehicle throughout experimental protocol. Rats of AAP group, ASA group ,CX group were exposed to acetaminophen (150mg/kg; orally) acetyl salicylic acid (300mg/kg ;orally) and Celecoxib (50mg/kg; orally) for forty two days . Rodent of HP group were challenged with Hydrogen peroxides (0.5%) with same schedule as above. At end of experimental protocols, all the animals were sacrificed and their organ were identified and collected for oxidative stress estimation and histological examination. Result: NSAIDs administration caused increase in oxidative stress measured in terms of SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH and GPx. HP administration produced maximum oxidative stress compare to all other groups. Oxidative parameter i.e. SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were found to be decreased as compare to control rats. However MDA were found to be increased as compare to control rats. Additionally, CX produced less oxidative stress compare to other NDAIDs. Further, histological examinations support the biochemical results. Conclusion: From the above observations it can be concluded that NSAIDs have oxidative stress potential and generate oxidative stress and damage the organs when administrated chronically. Thus, these drugs should be used judiciously.
New approaches to the treatment of endometrial pathology in patients with extragenital diseases
Authors: Chermak Ihor I. , Chermak Volodymyr I. , Zakordonets Roman M. , Oboghene Olori Sharon , Senchuk Anatolii Ya.
Published: January 2022

With purpose to increase efficiency and decrease frequencies of complications after treatment of endo- and myometrium pathology in patients of the perimenopausal period with extragenital pathology this study has been conducted. Different conducted clinic-laboratory, instrumental and pathology examination were performed. 130 patients of the perimenopausal period from somatic pathology (46-60 years) were divided into representative groups. The main group consisted of 100 patients who suffered from endometrium hyperplasia and adenomyosis. The control group included 30 healthy women without pathology of endoand myometrium.

Patients of the main group, depending on the applied treatment-and-prophylactic approach, were divided into two subgroups. Group I included 50 women who underwent hysteroscopy and intrauterine cryosurgery, magnesium supplements, and thromboembolic complications (TEC) prevention measures. Patients of the II group (50 patients) underwent hysteroscopy and treatment and prevention measures following the recommendations of the Protocol of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (№ 676 of 31.12.2004). T

he effectiveness of the proposed approach to diagnosis, minimally invasive treatment (hysteroscopy and intrauterine cryosurgery), and prevention of TEC and inflammatory complications of endo pathology- and myometrium in patients of the perimenopausal period with extragenital pathology, according to the clinic-laboratory and cytomorphological examination, the results of ultrasound was 82.0 %, prevention of TEC and inflammatory complications — 100 % cases. According to generally accepted approaches, the effectiveness of treatment was 36.0 %, TEC prevention — 96.0 %, prevention of inflammatory complications — 78.0 %.
Estimation Of Pathomorphological Peculiarities Of Perivulnar Tissue After Ultrasonic Curettage Of Pilonidal Cysts Of Sacro-Coccygeal Region
Authors: Dubenko Dmytro Ye. , Dibrova Yuliia V. , Tsema Ievhen V. , Gychka Sergiy G. , Khominska Mariia B. , Dibrova Viacheslan A. , Yurchenko Volodymyr T. , Musiiets Yaroslav R. , Dadebo Benedict Adjatey
Published: January 2022

The results of morphological research of operative wound’s tissue after ultrasonic curettage of acute pilonidal abscess are presented in the article. 13 patients were treated using the offered method, and of these, 11 patients underwent morphological research of the wound’s walls. Areas of the mucoid degeneration of the fibrous connective tissue and fragments of coagulation necrosis were identified, as a result of low-frequency ultrasound. The morphological substrates of recurrence pilonidal sinus, such as stratified squamous epithelium and hair follicles, were not found in any preparation, The offered method of treatment allows for ambulatory primary radical treatment in theacute stage of pilonidal illness. The offered method of ultrasonic curettage of the pilonidal sinus requires more scientific research and monitoring.
Effect of replacing maize with plantain peels on the performance traits and haematological characteristics of African giant land snail
Authors: Yeigba, B Japhet  , Kpun, IP  , Birigeni, D Charity
Published: January 2022

The study was carried out at the Niger Delta University, Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm, Bayelsa State. A total of Ninety six (96) growing snails (Archachatina marginata). Using Plantain peel as an additive, four diets were formulated at the levels of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% to form the treatment diets. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks during which the weight gain, feed intake, shell width, shell length, shell thickness and hematological parameters were obtained. The weight gain, shell width, shell length and shell thickness are not significantly different (p<0.05) whereas, the feed intake differed significantly (p<0.05) for all the treatment diets in the experiment. From the results, it was concluded that concentrate with 0% inclusion of Plantain peel meal was suitable for snail diets as it gave the best performance. The hematological parameters measured in the African giant land snails are White blood cell, Neutrophile and Lymphocyte differed significantly (p<0.05). Plantain peel can serve as source of potassium for other animals, as the highest percentage of potassium was found in the hemolymph of snails fed with 9% inclusion of plantain peel. It is recommended that; there should be no inclusion of plantain peels in the diet of the African giant land snails in order to achieve higher weight gain and feed intake.
Pérez Daudí, Vicente Tutela efectiva y derecho a la vivienda. Editorial Atelier, Barcelona, 2021, 247 páginas (D. L.: B 1600-2021. ISBN: 978-84-18244-36-0)
Authors: Valiño Ces Almudena
Published: January 2022

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《明史紀事本末》卷之四十二〈弘治君臣〉校釋
Authors: 徐泓 徐泓 , Hong Hsu 林絲婷
Published: January 2022

本文逐條校讀《明史紀事本末‧弘治君臣》的文本，註出其可能的史源，並以史源校正文本之訛誤。並以校注結果，兼談作者的編纂水平與史學。今尋其史源，以《皇明大政紀》為最主要史源，全書只有三條文本沒有參考引用《皇明大政紀》。不少條文本，其他史書皆不載，獨《皇明大政紀》載之；是獨家史源。由於編者未參考《明實錄》，全篇99條，時間錯置多達47處。而人名、官名和文字缺漏亦有18處，是本篇缺點。但作者能根據私家史書撰寫一些官方史書忌諱的史事，是本篇優點。其敘事完全配合「谷應泰論贊」對弘治朝政治的評價，論述其君臣之互動，大臣不斷進諫，弘治帝也能採納。對於朝政的負面現象，也不迴避。就此而論，《明史紀事本末‧弘治君臣》仍不失為一篇良史之作。

 

This is an annotated version of the chapter on “ Emperor Hongzhi and his Ministers” in the Major Events of Ming History, tracing the likely sources upon which the account was based, and using the sources to correct errors in the text. And the essay will further discuss the editorial and historiographical abilities of the compiler. The Chronicle of Major Political Events of the Ming Dynasty was the most important source for this work. In the entire volume, there were only three entries that did not cite the Chronicle of Major Political Events of the Ming Dynasty. Several of the entries cited no historical sources other than the Chronicle of Major Political Events of the Ming Dynasty, and hence it could be the only source. Because the compiler did not consult the Ming Veritable Records, among the ninety-nine entries in the volume, there were as many as forty-seven errors in dates. And there were eighteen errors in names and titles of individuals. These are the weaknesses of this volume. However, the compiler was able to draw upon works by private historians to recount historical events omitted from the official records. This is the strength of this volume. The narrative completely matches the evaluation in “Gu Yingtai’s Assessment” on the Hongzhi reign regarding the interactions between the Hongzhi emperor and his ministers, that the high officials made endless admonitions of the emperor and the emperor was fairly receptive to their opinions. As for the negative aspects of governance during this reign, the work does not avoid them. And hence, the “Emperor Hongzhi and his Ministers” chapter in the Major Events of Ming History can be regarded as a fine historical record.

 
Computer Auditing: The way forward
Authors: Tawei Wang Tawei Wang , Tawei Wang Shi-Ming Huang
Published: January 2022

We broadly define computer auditing as any audit practices that may rely on information technology (IT). Such skill has long been argued and considered to be an important capability for both external and internal auditors for more than two decades though its applications were relatively limited in the past. In recent years, with the advance of information technology, what auditors can achieve with IT has dramatically changed. For example, auditors are now be able to perform both descriptive and predictive analyses, process both numeric and textual data, and apply such capability from assertion testing to compliance and risk assessments. This evolving capability has also brought the new term “audit analytics” to practices. Specifically, analytics focuses more on the business decisions and processes while the traditional computer auditing is mainly about audit. This improved capability and expanded scope have attracted a lot of attention with a wide range of applications. For instance, the PCAOB’s new strategic plan (PCAOB 2018 ) has highlighted that “[i]nnovations in data analytics and technology have great potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of financial reporting and the audit process” (p.9). Audit firms and internal audit functions have also engaged in the development and the use of analytics in external and internal audit processes (e.g., Forbes 2018; Deloitte 2016; KPMG 2016), which have potentially changed the role of internal auditors to internal consultants.

 
Big Data: Ideology vs. Enlightenment
Authors: Hartmut Will Hartmut Will
Published: January 2022

 “Big Data” is a technological term with a seemingly cognitive connotation that masks an ideological orientation of those attempting to be benevolently, criminally of even “innocently” in control of our knowledge and subsequent actions. Without an epistemological foundation “small” and especially “big” data are a myth. When “the truth” becomes “what’s on a digital screen” under the control of those in charge of “the cloud” we are clouding our cultural heritage voluntarily to an extent that exposes us to the whims of those screening and displaying our data even in so-called “post-truth” fashion. Subsequent information and knowledge cannot be critically and rationally assessed for lack of evidence. All lessons learned during the last four centuries of enlightening efforts seem to be forgotten or ignored by us. Our preference for “cognitive ease” can be easily abused by those in control of modern information technology. We remain in “self-imposed immaturity” (Kant) while they can act primarily for their own economic, political, and social benefits and may even feel “justified” by the big-data-ideology. Knowledge must remain relevant to, testable and rationally believable by the legitimate recipients of any public data and information. An enlightened framework for data governance is overdue in the “digital big data age!”
Management of Subtrochanteric Fracture Femur- by ProximalFemoralNailing
Authors: Sahni Girish
Published: January 2022

Background: Numerous variations of intramedullary nailing have been evolved over the years for stable fixation and early mobilisation of subtrochanteric fracture, out of which one is proximal femoral nail. Aims and objectives –We conducted this study with an objective to evaluate the results of internal fixation of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur with proximal femoral nail – AO type Design.Methods:This was a prospective study carried out at our tertiary care institute on 30 patients who had suffered subtrochanteric fracture and were subsequently treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN). Proximal femoral nail was inserted through the tip of greater trochanter. All patients were followed up for a period of one year; at an interval of 3 months and during each follow-up visit for the functional outcome by modified Harris Hip Score, was assessed in the form of walking, squatting, sitting and rising from chair.Results:Modified Harris hip score was used for the evaluation of results in our study which showed excellent result in 21 patients (70%), good results in 3 cases(10%), fair results in 3 patient (10%) and poor results in 3 cases(10%). The mean Harris hip score in our study was 90.6.Conclusion:PFN is an intramedullary load sharing implant. Reduction and management of subtrochanteric fractures is challenging in traumatology. Proximal femoral nailing spanning whole femur with proximal and distal locking appears to be a satisfactory implant in management of fractures of subtrochanteric femur.
Treatment of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Single Center Study
Authors: Nasreen Rehena
Published: January 2022

Background: Anovulatory infertility is caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome in 80 percent of patients. Preconception guidelines, such as lifestyle modification (weight loss) to avoid fetal neural tube abnormalities, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, are all part of the early treatment. A clomiphene citrate medication for timed intercourse is the first-line pharmacological treatment for producing ovulation. Exogenous gonadotropins or laparoscopic ovarian surgery are two options for second-line pharmaceutical treatment (ovarian drilling). Ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins is effective, with a 70 % cumulative live birth rate. When laparoscopy is necessary, ovarian drilling should be done; this operation is usually successful in around half of the instances. Finally, when the previous interventions have failed, a high-complexity reproduction treatment (in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is recommended. There is no evidence that metformin should be used routinely in the treatment of infertility in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Aromatase inhibitors show promise, but more research is needed to confirm their safety.Methods:This study was conducted in Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2019 to December 2019. A total number of 100 patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed cytogenetically by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH). The collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) for windows version 24.0.Conclusion:PCOS is a frequent syndrome and the most frequent cause of infertility. PCOS is defined as a syndrome with at least two of three of the Rotterdam criteria. A complete evaluation of the infertility is needed to exclude other causes of infertility..
Complications after Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Jalil Md. Abdul
Published: January 2022

Background: A circumferential strip of mucosa about 1.5 to 2 centimetres above the dentate line is removed in stapled hemorrhoidectomy, a new technique for haemorrhoids treatments. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate complications after stapled hemorrhoidectomy.Methods:A total of 101 patients between the age group 20 to 70 years were diagnosed with grade 3 and grade 4 haemorrhoids. Patients are included in stapled haemorrhoidectomy. The questionnaire focused on stapled hemorrhoidectomy procedures performed in the period July 2018 to June 2020. Descriptive analysis was done based on the student’s T-test using SPSS 24 software version. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05).Results:In the 2-years timeframe, out of 101 patients in the Immediate (within 1 week) complications of stapled hemorrhoidectomy, 84.16% were in None, 5.94% were severe pain, 3.96% were bleeding, 1.98% were Thrombosis, 0.99% were urinary retention, 1.98% were Anastomotic dehiscence 0.99% were Fissure, 0.99% were perineal intramural hematoma and 0.99% were submucosal abscess. Out of 90.09% were in none, 1.98% were Recurrent hemorrhoids, 0.99% were Severe pain, Stenosis, Fissure, Skin tag, Thrombosis, Staples problems, Intramural abscess and Intussusception.Conclusion:Although stapled hemorrhoidectomy appears to be promising, we believe that a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up comparing stapled hemorrhoidectomy and banding is required before the treatment can be recommended. The majority of difficulties can be avoided by following the rectal wall anatomy during the surgery.
Pattern Of Infections In Custodial Deaths – A Forensic Autopsy Study
Authors: Kumar Kuldip
Published: January 2022

Background: In a country like India, the prisoner cells are not well structured. For instance prisons are known to be a high risk environment for infections like tuberculosis (TB), HIV, HCV, HBV etc. due to overcrowding, low levels of nutrition, poor infection control and lack of accessible healthcare services. This study is an effort to know about the pattern of infections in custodial death cases detected during post mortem examination. Aims and Objectives: To determine the common infections and to know the mortality caused by infections among prisoners in custody, people in police custody and mentally ill patients in mental health institute in Punjab.Methods:This cross sectional study of 100 cases of custodial deaths from 1st Jan 2019 to 4thMay 2021, was carried out in the Forensic Medicine department in collaboration with department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar.Results:Klebsiella Pneumoniae (37.5%) is more common in age group of 10-30 years while Staphylococcus Aureus (35.9%) infection was more common in the age group of 31 to 50 years. Incidence of positive growth of infections was slightly more in female inmates (76.9%) as compared to the males (75.9%). Inmates from urban area background showed more growth of Staphylococcus Aureus (35.7%) than from rural area background(25%).Conclusions:Timely medical diagnosis and treatment of each prisoner with availability of good doctors are the important issues relating to the healthcare of the individuals in custody.
Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Metabolic Syndrome: A Single Center Study
Authors: Dutta Debasish
Published: January 2022

Background: NAFLD is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the form of triglycerides (steatosis) in the liver (> 5% of hepatocytes histologically). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality among 15-40% of the general population. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical profile of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with metabolic syndrome.Methods:The present cross-sectional, retro-spective study was conducted as outdoor patient basis in the Department of Medicine, Jashore medical college hospital & a private diagnostic centre, Jashore.. A total of 74 cases were included for the study. All patients in the study underwent routine investigations including complete blood counts, blood sugar, liver function tests, HBsAg, anti-HCV, lipid profile andUSG of whole abdomen. The data was collected during OPD treatment and was recorded in predesigned and pretested proforma and analyzed.Results:Mean age of the patient was 53.70±7.22 years. On physical examination findings showed the mean BMI was 27.6±4.39 kg/m2, mean waist circumference was 74.22±7.44 cm. Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) was 92.87±6.25 and mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 132.0±18.17. Maximum 52% patients had triglycerides >150 mg/dl while low serum HDL level was seen in 37% patients and increased waist circumference was found in 32% patients. Altered ALT ≥41 IU was observed in 10 (62.50%) of Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. Central obesity was observed in 12 (75.00%) of Grade II patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. While 14 (87.50%) Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome showed impaired fasting glucose (>110 mg/dl). Hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dl) in 12 (70.58%) seen in Grade I of patients with NAFLD without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of all the components of metabolic syndrome in cases of NAFLD was observed. It can be concluded that symptoms and signs of NAFLD are non-specific and occur later in the course of the disease hence the physician should have a high index of suspicion in order to detect NAFLD early in the course of the disease.
Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients of Polycysitic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Fatima Arooj , Mansoor Ammara , Nawaz Faiza , Ilyas Ayesha , Hassan Mehwish , Fatima Tabeer
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian disorder is the most frequent kind of persistent anovulation caused by androgen extra, affecting 6-12% of fertile women. PCOS is seen as a complex condition through a variable origin. It has also been linked to greater in metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of our research was to determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among patients of polycystic ovarian disease presenting in the outpatient department of tertiary care hospital Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore. All polycystic ovarian disease patients were enrolled. Participants' blood samples were drawn utilizing aseptic methods and transported to a pathology laboratory for serum TSH levels to be measured. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be common in polycystic ovarian individuals diagnosed. SPSS v24 was used to enter and evaluate data. The Chi-square method was conducted to test the relevance of post-stratification. A p-value of 0.06 was believed important. Results: Total 136 cases with polycystic ovarian disease were selected for this study. Mean age was 28.4±7.9 years. Among 136 patients, 26(19.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. By stratification of subclinical hypothyroidism, it was found that age >30 years and obese had extensive effect having subclinical hypothyroidism (p=0.00001, p=0.002). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a modifiable risk factor, associated with polycystic ovarian disease. Steps should be taken to minimize more this risk factor by screening and early intervention. Keywords: Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Polycystic Ovarian Disease.
Study of Underlying Factors among Women Presenting with Septic/Unsafe Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Nawaz Faiza , Mansoor Ammara , Fatima Arooj , Ilyas Ayesha , Hassan Mehwish , Fatima Tabeer
Published: January 2022

Background: In our nation, induced abortions are common. Unexpected and unintentional births are serious public health issues in both developed and underdeveloped nations. According to the WHO, abortion complications account for 2–12% of maternal fatalities in Pakistan. The circumstances surrounding these abortions have major ramifications for both females and communities. However, insufficient information about factors leading to septic induced abortions at the country level was the reason to determine the contributing factors among women with abortion. Objective: The objective of our current research is to regulate occurrence of underlying factors contributing in patients presenting with septic induced abortion in a tertiary care setup. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinnah hospital, Lahore for six months after approval of synopsis. Sample size of 130 cases was included through non-Probability consecutive sampling technique after the approval from hospital ethical committee. Informed consent was taken from each patient before including them in the study. Results: The mean age of the women was noted 26.24±4.93 years of which the minimum age was 18 year and maximum of 40 years. Out of these 130 women 26(20%) had no child, at least one abortion was most common as it was noted in 197(82%) of women. The underlying factors contributing to septic induced abortion it was noted that unwanted pregnancy in 41(31.5%) of cases, failed contraception in 37(28.5%) of cases, divorce in 6(4.6%) of cases, displeased family relation in 27(20.8%) of women and out of wedlock was noted in 19(14.6%) of cases. When data were stratified for effect modifiers statistically significant difference was found between parity and contributing factors for abortions (P-value = 0.000) and insignificant difference was observed with respect to age, educational status and economic status i.e., P-value > 0.05. Conclusion: The most common reason for abortion was unwanted pregnancy among the pregnant women. Keyword: Pregnancy, Abortion, Septic, maternal fatalities in Pakistan, WHO
Evidence from 1992 to 2019 on the dynamics of managerial authority and CEO remuneration during company crises
Authors: Chin Tae Zan
Published: January 2022

We investigate the dynamics of two governance constructs, management influence over the board of directors and CEO remuneration, in enterprises in crisis from 1992 to 2019. Data reveal a strong trend of improving governance over time, which confounds the conclusion concerning the impact of distress on governance. Using a bias-corrected matching estimator to control for secular trends, we find that distressed businesses cut management board appointments and CEO compensation, deepen managerial incentive alignment, and increase CEO turnover. The performance-related component of CEO remuneration accounts for the majority of changes in CEO compensation in troubled businesses, which is consistent with the "shareholder value" perspective on CEO compensation.