bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a 3-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
Authors: Verryckt Lore T. , Vicca Sara , Van Langenhove Leandro , Stahl Clément , Asensio Dolores , Urbina Ifigenia , Ogaya Romà , Llusià Joan , Grau Oriol , Peguero Guille , Gargallo-Garriga Albert , Courtois Elodie A. , Margalef Olga , Portillo-Estrada Miguel , Ciais Philippe , Obersteiner Michael , Fuchslueger Lucia , Lugli Laynara F. , Fernandez-Garberí Pere-Roc , Vallicrosa Helena , Verlinden Melanie , Ranits Christian , Vermeir Pieter , Coste Sabrina , Verbruggen Erik , Bréchet Laëtitia , Sardans Jordi , Chave Jérôme , Peñuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Terrestrial biosphere models typically use the
biochemical model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (1980) to simulate
photosynthesis, which requires accurate values of photosynthetic capacity of
different biomes. However, data on tropical forests are sparse and highly
variable due to the high species diversity, and it is still highly uncertain
how these tropical forests respond to nutrient limitation in terms of C
uptake. Tropical forests often grow on soils low in phosphorus (P) and are, in
general, assumed to be P rather than nitrogen (N) limited. However, the
relevance of P as a control of photosynthetic capacity is still debated.
Here, we provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of
photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P
concentrations, from two 3-year, large-scale nutrient addition
experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These
data present a unique source of information to further improve model
representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients in
photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our
data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of
ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along
with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our
understanding of carbon (C) and nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive
dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient
availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638236 (Verryckt, 2021).
The first xiphydriid wood wasp in Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) and a potential association with Cycadales
Authors: Gao Jia , Engel Michael S. , Grímsson Friðgeir , Gu Lei , Ren Dong , Gao Tai-Ping
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A new genus and species of fossil wood wasp is described and figured from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, representing the first occurrence of the family Xiphydriidae in the fossil record. Paraxiphydria resinata gen. et sp. nov. exhibits typical apomorphies of the family including a generally cylindrical body, elongate neck and dome-shaped head. Nonetheless, owing to a unique combination of traits including features hitherto unknown among species of the family, the genus is classified within a separate subfamily, Paraxiphydriinae subfam. nov. A key is presented to the suprageneric groups of Xiphydriidae. The newly described species is the first fossil xiphydriid wood wasp, extends the occurrence of Xiphydriidae into the mid-Cretaceous and adds to the known diversity of features in the family. Lastly, the simplification of wing venation and hypotheses of host-plant affiliations of early xiphydriids are discussed. We evaluate pollen associated with the wasp, assign it to the genus Cycadopites and conclude that an affiliation to the Cycadales is most likely. Article and nomenclatural acts are registered in ZooBank (http://zoobank.org/, last access: 15 December 2021), with the following life science identifier (LSID) (reference): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA80920E-E94B-4A8E-A817-077FA7BD7D69.
PyCO2SYS v1.8: marine carbonate system calculations in Python
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Lewis Ernie R. , Sharp Jonathan D. , Pierrot Denis
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (TC) is the largest pool of carbon that substantially interacts with the atmosphere on human timescales. Oceanic TC is increasing through uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), and seawater pH is decreasing as a consequence. Both the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere and the pH response are governed by a set of parameters that interact through chemical equilibria, collectively known as the marine carbonate system. To investigate these processes, at least two of the marine carbonate system's parameters are typically measured – most commonly, two from TC, total alkalinity (AT), pH, and seawater CO2 fugacity (fCO2; or its partial pressure, pCO2, or its dry-air mole fraction, xCO2) – from which the remaining parameters can be calculated and the equilibrium state of seawater solved. Several software tools exist to carry out these calculations, but no fully functional and rigorously validated tool written in Python, a popular scientific programming language, was previously available. Here, we present PyCO2SYS, a Python package intended to fill this capability gap. We describe the elements of PyCO2SYS that have been inherited from the existing CO2SYS family of software and explain subsequent adjustments and improvements. For example, PyCO2SYS uses automatic differentiation to solve the marine carbonate system and calculate chemical buffer factors, ensuring that the effect of every modelled solute and reaction is accurately included in all its results. We validate PyCO2SYS with internal consistency tests and comparisons against other software, showing that PyCO2SYS produces results that are either virtually identical or different for known reasons, with the differences negligible for all practical purposes. We discuss insights that guided the development of PyCO2SYS: for example, the fact that the marine carbonate system cannot be unambiguously solved from certain pairs of parameters. Finally, we consider potential future developments to PyCO2SYS and discuss the outlook for this and other software for solving the marine carbonate system. The code for PyCO2SYS is distributed via GitHub (https://github.com/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS, last access: 23 December 2021) under the GNU General Public License v3, archived on Zenodo (Humphreys et al., 2021), and documented online (https://pyco2sys.readthedocs.io/en/latest/, last access: 23 December 2021).
Benchmarking the vertically integrated ice-sheet model IMAU-ICE (version 2.0)
Authors: Berends Constantijn J. , Goelzer Heiko , Reerink Thomas J. , Stap Lennert B. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Ice-dynamical processes constitute a large uncertainty in future projections of sea-level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change. Improving our understanding of these processes requires ice-sheet models that perform well at simulating both past and future ice-sheet evolution. Here, we present version 2.0 of the ice-sheet model IMAU-ICE, which uses the depth-integrated viscosity approximation (DIVA) to solve the stress balance. We evaluate its performance in a range of benchmark experiments, including simple analytical solutions, as well as both schematic and realistic model intercomparison exercises. IMAU-ICE has adopted recent developments in the numerical treatment of englacial stress and sub-shelf melt near the grounding-line, which result in good performance in experiments concerning grounding-line migration (MISMIP) and buttressing (ABUMIP). This makes it a model that is robust, versatile, and user-friendly, and which will provide a firm basis for (palaeo-)glaciological research in the coming years.
Stratospheric Nudging And Predictable Surface Impacts (SNAPSI): A Protocol for Investigating the Role of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in Subseasonal to Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Hitchcock Peter , Butler Amy , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Garfinkel Chaim , Stockdale Tim , Anstey James , Mitchell Dann , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Wu Tongwen , Lu Yixiong , Mastrangelo Daniele , Malguzzi Piero , Lin Hai , Muncaster Ryan , Merryfield Bill , Sigmond Michael , Xiang Baoqiang , Jia Liwei , Hyun Yu-Kyung , Oh Jiyong , Specq Damien , Simpson Isla R. , Richter Jadwiga H. , Barton Cory , Knight Jeff , Lim Eun-Pa , Hendon Harry
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Major disruptions of the winter season, high-latitude, stratospheric polar vortices can result in stratospheric anomalies that persist for months. These sudden stratospheric warming events are recognized as an important potential source of forecast skill for surface climate on subseasonal to seasonal timescales. Realizing this skill in operational subseasonal forecast models remains a challenge, as models must capture both the evolution of the stratospheric polar vortices in addition to their coupling to the troposphere. The processes involved in this coupling remain a topic of open research. We present here the Stratospheric Nudging And Predictable Surface Impacts (SNAPSI) project. SNAPSI is a new model intercomparison protocol designed to study the role of the Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric polar vortices in sub-seasonal to seasonal forecast models. Based on a set of controlled, subseasonal, ensemble forecasts of three recent events, the protocol aims to address four main scientific goals. First, to quantify the impact of improved stratospheric forecasts on near-surface forecast skill. Second, to attribute specific extreme events to stratospheric variability. Third, to assess the mechanisms by which the stratosphere influences the troposphere in the forecast models, and fourth, to investigate the wave processes that lead to the stratospheric anomalies themselves. Although not a primary focus, the experiments are furthermore expected to shed light on coupling between the tropical stratosphere and troposphere. The output requested will allow for a more detailed, process-based community analysis than has been possible with existing databases of subseasonal forecasts.
Simulation, Precursor Analysis and Targeted Observation Sensitive Area Identification for Two Types of ENSO using ENSO-MC v1.0
Authors: Mu Bin , Cui Yuehan , Yuan Shijin , Qin Bo
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The global impact of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event can differ greatly depending on whether it is an Eastern-Pacific-type (EP-type) event or a Central-Pacific-type (CP-type) event. Reliable predictions of the two types of ENSO are therefore of critical importance. Here we construct a deep neural network with multichannel structure for ENSO (named ENSO-MC) to simulate the spatial evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies for the two types of events. We select SST, heat content, and wind stress (i.e., three key ingredients of Bjerknes feedback) to represent coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics that underpins ENSO, achieving skillful forecasts for the spatial patterns of SST anomalies out to one year ahead. Furthermore, it is of great significance to analyze the precursors of EP-type or CP-type events and identify targeted observation sensitive area for the understanding and prediction of ENSO. Precursors analysis is to determine what type of initial perturbations will develop into EP-type or CP-type events. Sensitive area identification is to determine the regions where initial states tend to have greatest impacts on evolution of ENSO. We use saliency map method to investigate the subsurface precursors and identify the sensitive areas of ENSO. The results show that there are pronounced signals in the equatorial subsurface before EP events, while the precursory signals of CP events are located in the North Pacific. It indicates that the subtropical precursors seem to favor the generation of the CP-type El Niño and the EP-type El Niño is more related to the tropical thermocline dynamics. And the saliency maps show that the sensitive areas of the surface and the subsurface are located in the equatorial central Pacific and the equatorial western Pacific, respectively. The sensitivity experiments imply that additional observations in the identified sensitive areas can improve forecasting skills. Our results of precursors and sensitive areas are consistent with the previous theories of ENSO, demonstrating the potential usage and advantages of the ENSO-MC model in improving the simulation, understanding and observations of two ENSO types.
Plastics in the Indian Ocean – sources, transport, distribution, and impacts
Authors: Pattiaratchi Charitha , van der Mheen Mirjam , Schlundt Cathleen , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E. , Sura Appalanaidu , Hajbane Sara , White Rachel , Kumar Nimit , Fernandes Michelle , Wijeratne Sarath
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Plastic debris is the most common and exponentially increasing human
pollutant in the world's ocean. The distribution and impact of plastic in
the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have been the subject of many publications
but not so the Indian Ocean (IO). Some of the IO rim countries have the
highest population densities globally and mismanagement of plastic waste is
of concern in many of these rim states. Some of the most plastic-polluted
rivers empty into the IO, with all this suggesting that the IO receives a
tremendous amount of plastic debris each year. However, the concentration,
distribution, and impacts of plastics in the IO are poorly understood as the region is under-sampled compared to other oceans. In this review, we discuss sources and sinks, which are specific to the IO. We also discuss unique atmospheric, oceanographic, and topographic features of the IO that control plastic distribution, such as reversing wind directions due to the monsoon, fronts, and upwelling regions. We identify hotspots of possible plastic accumulation in the IO, which differ between the two hemispheres. In the southern IO, plastics accumulate in a garbage patch in the subtropical gyre. However, this garbage patch is not well defined, and plastics may leak into the southern Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean. There is no subtropical gyre and associated garbage in the northern IO due to the presence of landmasses. Instead, the majority of buoyant plastics most likely end up on coastlines. Finally, we identify the vast knowledge gaps concerning plastics in the IO and point to the most pressing topics for future investigation.
A probabilistic framework for quantifying the role of anthropogenic climate change in marine-terminating glacier retreats
Authors: Christian John Erich , Robel Alexander A. , Catania Ginny
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Many marine-terminating outlet glaciers have retreated rapidly in recent decades, but these changes have not been formally attributed to anthropogenic climate change. A key challenge for such an attribution assessment is that if glacier termini are sufficiently perturbed from bathymetric highs, ice-dynamic feedbacks can cause rapid retreat even without further climate forcing. In the presence of internal climate variability, attribution thus depends on understanding whether (or how frequently) these rapid retreats could be triggered by climatic noise alone. Our simulations with idealized glaciers show that in a noisy climate, rapid retreat is a stochastic phenomenon. We therefore propose a probabilistic approach to attribution and present a framework for analysis that uses ensembles of many simulations with independent realizations of random climate variability. Synthetic experiments show that century-scale climate trends substantially increase the likelihood of rapid glacier retreat. This effect depends on the timescales over which ice dynamics integrate forcing. For a population of synthetic glaciers with different topographies, we find that external trends increase the number of large retreats triggered within the population, offering a metric for regional attribution. Our analyses suggest that formal attribution studies are tractable and should be further pursued to clarify the human role in recent ice-sheet change. We emphasize that early-industrial-era constraints on glacier and climate state are likely to be crucial for such studies.
EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR INFUSION ON SERUM LDL LEVELS OF MALE WISTAR RAT GIVEN HEATED COOKING OIL
Authors: Astuti Ilmi Dewi , Kurniasari Fuadiyah Nila , Rahmi Yosfi
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease causing a coronary heart disease (CHD). Atherosclerosis is related to the levels of LDL in the blood. An increased LDL in the blood can be prevented by consuming soluble fiber and antioxidants from such Kepok banana peels. The aim of this study is to know the effects of Kepok banana peel flour infusion in various dosage on LDL serum level of male wistar rats which were treated with a repeatedly heated cooking oil. This study used post test control group as experimental design in which 24 male rats were randomly categorized in five groups,  namely (1) a negative control group, (2) a positive control group treated with a repeatedly heated cooking oil and distilled water, as well as the groups treated with a repeatedly heated cooking oil and 0.5, 1, and 2 ml/rats of Kepok banana peel flour solution, for group (3), (4), and (5) respectively. LDL level were measured by using calorimetric method . The result of this study showed that the highest average levels of LDL obtained in control positive group K(+) was 14,25 mg/dl and the lowest average level of LDL obtained in the group treated with a repeatedly heated cooking oil and 0.5 ml/rat  was 11,2 mg/dl. It can be concluded that Kepok banana peel flour can not significantly reduce the mean of LDL serum level of male Wistar rats treated with repeatedly heated cooking oil (p>0,05)
Introduction: Creative and Practice-led Research Symposium, University of Canberra, 9 October 2010
Authors: Burr Sandra
Published: January 2022

Held at the University of Canberra on 9 October 2009, and co-convened by

Professor Jen Webb (University of Canberra) and Associate Professor Donna Lee

Brien (CQUniversity, Australia), the symposium was funded by the Australian

Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) under their funding of Webb and Brien’s

ALTC Competitive Grants Scheme project. It brought together leading creative and

practice-led research practitioners from Australia’s higher education sector including

relevant program heads, convenors and invited postgraduate students in Design,

Writing, and the Visual, Performing and New Media arts (including film), with the

aim of identifying and discussing the current environment and future aspirations in the

field of creative practice. In all, thirty-seven participants from sixteen institutions

accepted an invitation to attend the symposium.
Managing creativity: practice-led research and training the person
Authors: Brook Scott
Published: January 2022

In an attempt to move debate beyond advocatory accounts of practice-led research, this

paper asks whether craft-based research is sufficient as a research paradigm for creative

arts disciplines. In the context of a broader account of practice theory, one that might

enable disciplinary links across the arts, human sciences, government and the cultural

industries, it asks whether the practice-led research model may in fact reify the notion

of craft at the expense of considering the more mundane and uncreative domains of

practice that underpin cultural value. It draws attention to the potentially counterproductive

effects of the creative industries policy push in relation to creative arts

education, and makes some tentative proposals concerning the supervision of research

students.
Some (post-romantic) reflections on creative writing and the exegesis
Authors: Hetherington Paul
Published: January 2022

The link between creative practice and research outcomes in universities remains a

vexed issue, as does the associated question about the function of the exegesis in

creative and practice-led higher degree theses. This paper reflects on these issues

through discussing the nature of inspiration and some of the features of creative work,

arguing that research and art are intimately connected.
Rewriting a national cultural food icon: a gastrobiography of Vegemite
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: January 2022

In the current publishing environment, where there is an unprecedented level of reader

interest in food-related texts, a wide range of subject matter is providing a rich source

of opportunities for writers. In this context, the individual food product (either

biological or processed) is one such area of professional and creative opportunity.

Suggesting that the ‘gastrobiography’ is a form of writing that can serve the particular

interests of writers as well as their readers and publishers, this article defines the term

and its applications in food writing. It then presents a gastrobiography of Vegemite,

utilising the form to consider the yeast spread’s history, ongoing role in Australian life,

and how this has been conceptualised and written about. Also investigated is

Vegemite’s place in the personal politics of eating and politics more broadly. In the

process, the gastrobiographical form is revealed as one that can present Vegemite as a

site of contradiction and paradox that can reveal much about the world in which it is

produced and sold.
‘The drink has called it into being’: a year in a wine column
Authors: Costello Moya
Published: January 2022

For a year, between 2009 and 2010, I wrote a wine-review column in a free regional

newspaper as a passionate amateur. I conceive of the wine reviews as creative

nonfiction and of myself as a role model for my students who have the option of

writing on food. Genre has its courtiers and jesters and, in itself, it is bound for

change as any other cultural phenomena. I think of my wine-writing practice as

destablising that specific genre, attempting a transformation of it into an expanded

field, via the efficacy of writing and wine as art. It is contentious to place

winemaking in the realm of art. What I want to do is commend art, which includes

creative writing and winemaking, for its efficacious capacity. This is also a

contentious proposition. I think of my wine writing as public intellectual practice,

linking wine as art to culture, politics and history, when, on the whole, wine

columns stick solely to descriptions of the wine. Wine writing is about technical

details, but it is also about what wine—its appearance (bottle label and wine colour),

aroma and taste—sets the dreaming, remembering mind doing, and what links

emerge to contemporary issues in the practice of the everyday.
Grubs with gusto: imagining recipes for change
Authors: Hayes Nigel
Published: January 2022

It is hardly a matter of contention that the cultural processes informing eating habits and food choices have always had ethical, economic and environmental implications; eating is both political and personal. Australian culinary thought and practice over the past 50 years has been widely influenced by ‘celebrity chefs’ who, through challenging and effecting their

audience, can be seen to have broad social impact and profound modifying influence upon

individual, community, and national eating habits. One of the most important Australian culinary figures is Margaret Fulton whose 1968 Cookbook has gone on to sell almost 2 million copies. This paper imagines that The Margaret Fulton Cookbook included a selection of recipes that used Indigenous Australian insects as their main ingredients and that Fulton’s intention in providing these recipes was to promote not only cultural understanding but also some wider ethical considerations of nature and Australian eating habits. That this scenario is almost unimaginable is both important and interesting enough for it to be ‘played with’, albeit in a critical manner. This paper therefore constructs a new Cookbook and deconstructs the socio-cultural meaning and the new culinary history it might make possible. Imagining one particular recipe to be especially influential in this ‘history’ allows us to think critically about food norms and the ‘otherness’ of insects which, for most Australians, are a part of nature that should not be eaten or be ‘made’ part of the self. This paper asserts not only that food is a window on the political, but that we embody our ethics through our food choices and practices, and that what we don’t eat may be even more telling than what we do. Among the disciplinary perspectives used here is Foucault’s ‘technologies of the self’, which can be seen to provide ways for individuals to rationalise and justify their beliefs, understandings and practices. In using imagination to help understand the complex ways in which social norms, cultural meanings and economic realities underlie food habits, this paper is posited as an ethical intervention in, and of, itself.
Is food and nutrition knowledge the proof in the pudding?: the Jamie Oliver effect
Authors: Muggleston Holly
Published: January 2022

The cliché, ‘The proof is in the pudding’ is a shortened version of the original phrase

‘the proof of the pudding is in the eating’. It means that the true value or quality of

something can only be judged when put to use; results are what count. In this regard

‘the pudding’ can be represented by nutrition knowledge (i.e. information) and the

‘proof of the eating’ as the influence or effectiveness of how this knowledge is applied.

As this paper will show, food and nutrition knowledge has the potential to affect eating

behaviour, health and the food supply, and it is the process in which knowledge is

communicated that is of relevance to this discourse. Mass media can profoundly shape

our perceptions about the world, including attitudes towards how we feel about food

and nutrition, what we eat and drink, and consequently, our health. Popular

entertainment, such as television, provides an ideal vehicle for sharing health

information and influencing behaviour. This paper explores how Jamie Oliver, a media

celebrity, is using mass media to affect the food supply and promote healthier eating

practices.
The red frog prince: a fairytale about the shifting social status of sugar confectionery
Authors: Risson Toni
Published: January 2022

Once upon a time, sugar was a magical substance in an ordinary world. When it

became cheap and readily available in the mid-nineteenth century, sugar and sugar

confectionery became part of the ordinary diet, and have since fallen to the status of

junk food, and, more recently, poison. But children relate to lollies at the level of

imagination, so lollies are a vital part of the wonder of childhood and retain for

children the magical cultural status once attributed to them. Allen’s red jelly frogs

are banned from school tuckshops, but they play a noble role in opening doors for

youth chaplains during the notorious Schoolies Week. Furthermore, the humble

lolly descends from the elaborate sugarwork that once featured in royal banquets; it

was noble all along. Lollies are no longer on the menu, and they do not even fit into

food categories, but judgements based on food value alone fail to take into account

the magical role they play in children’s lives and ignore the ways in which health

authorities, artists, and advertisers use confectionery. Lollies have more in common

with fairytales than food. The Frog Prince—a fairytale about a royal son who is

turned into an ugly frog by a wicked enchantress and then rescued through his

relationship with a child—is a metaphor for red frog lollies. This paper examines

red frogs as sites of transformation, thereby repositioning sugar confectionery as

magic and challenging dominant narratives that reduce the complexity of lollies and

their cultural significance.
Beyond beans and cheese: representations of food, travel and Mexico City in the Australian Gourmet Traveller
Authors: Wilson Erica
Published: January 2022

The Australian Gourmet Traveller (AGT) positions itself as ’the country’s premier

food and travel magazine’, speaking to those ‘who aspire to the good life’ (ACP

magazines). This paper explores the role of food travel writing in _Australian Gourmet

Traveller_. Specifically, critical discourse analysis is used to explore the representations

and constructions of Mexico City in a short travel piece—‘New Wave Mexico’—which

was featured in AGT’s November 2009 edition. Drawing on post/anti-colonial theories

and my own reflexive experiences as a reader of Gourmet Traveller, the paper

examines the extent to which this story reinforces simple assumptions of the exotic

Other, and how food is intrinsically bound to this construction. Essentially, I argue that

pieces such as ‘New Wave Mexico’, within upmarket magazines like the _Gourmet

Traveller_, are powerful media which appeal and speak to the aspirations of privileged

groups by differentiating them—in food and in travel—from the ‘everyday’.

Ultimately, ‘New Wave Mexico’ leaves little room for readers or travellers to engage

meaningfully with the city, its people and its local food. Instead there is no choice but

to buy in to simple and imaginative geographies of what Mexico and Mexico City

represent. Conclusions are then drawn which might help us move beyond this dilemma.
Writing fiction close to home
Authors: Bowman Christopher
Published: January 2022

How do you develop a narrator who does not feel autobiographical to theauthor? This is the very real concern of a self-conscious writer who reproduces his hometown on the page.

Two themes emerge in this paper: there is first the notion of reflection, of removing oneself physically from ‘home’, in order to turn around and see it in a new light, allowing for a more objective relationship between writer and setting. Out of this distancing develops the second theme, that of voice. I work to create a narrator with a distinct voice, specifically an idiolect that is not my own, to further allow myself to step out and away from that setting, and let it ‘speak’ for itself.

The development of this new narrator is not an affectation but a vehicle of enablement. By using someone else’s voice, I can draw from my own observations and experiences without the vice-grip of self-implication. This essay describes the relationship between the author and the narrator, and the subsequent constraint of speaking with another’s mouth.
Opening lines of communication: Demanding access to quality avenues for research dissemination
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: January 2022

In Australia, discussions and deliberations around the (recently abandoned) Australian Research Quality Framework exercise (widely known as ‘the RQF’), together with the even more recently completed call for input into the proposed research journal rankings for the replacement Excellence in Research for Australia initiative (‘ERA’), have cast a more than usually searching light onto avenues for the dissemination of scholarly research. When considered in conjunction with such qualitative measuring in the UK and New Zealand, peer-reviewed publishing - academic books and book chapters, and refereed journal articles and conference papers in particular - have recently become the topic of an unprecedented degree of scrutiny. Exploring the processes of peer reviewed scholarly publication, and the access that readers and writers have to such publication in Australia, this article suggests that academic writers and readers need to be more conscious about all stages of the publication process.
Describing the creative writing thesis: a census of creative writing doctorates, 1993-2008
Authors: Boyd Nicola
Published: January 2022

This paper examines data collected on creative writing doctoral theses awarded in Australia and New Zealand up until June 2008 with regard to demographics, differences between awards, ease of access to theses and publishability. Using this analysis, ideas on further avenues for creative writing research are considered - including focus on popular genres.

This paper responds to calls within the discipline, notably from Webb and Brien’s 2006 paper ‘Strategic Directions for Research in Writing: A Wish List’, to increase the discipline’s strategic understanding of what has already been achieved in order to improve the sustainability of the discipline, provide better information for decision-making and promote the discipline’s ability to deliver high quality research.

This paper presents only a small portion of the research needed regarding qualifications offered in the discipline and shines light on the gaps that remain.
Fauziah Mohd Taib (ed.) - Number One Wisma Putra
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

Number One Wisma Putra celebrates more than half a century of service to Malaysia by the country’s Foreign Service. Its humble origins date back to July 1956 as External Affairs Ministry of the then Federation of Malaya, before Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj became the first Minister of Foreign Affairs in September 1957 - only ten days after independence from Britain. Today, No. 1 Wisma Putra happens to be the address of the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the country’s new administrative capital, Putrajaya, which is only a short drive south of Kuala Lumpur, where the Ministry had its beginnings. As pointed out in the foreword by Malaysia’s former Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who from 1991 to 1999 served also as the country’s foreign minister, ‘Wisma Putra’ is the popular non-official name for the Ministry, thus fondly remembering its founder Tunku Abdul Rahman, the ‘Father of Malaysia’s Independence’.
Implementing Islamic Law Within a Modern Constitutional Framework: Challenges and Problems in Contemporary Malaysia
Authors: Admin ICR
Published: January 2022

While the Federal Constitution of Malaysia readily proclaims Islam to be Malaysia’s official religion, opinions have fiercely diverged among legal scholars and practitioners as to how substantive should the relevant clause on this be interpreted. Such vagueness is typical of the document, whose drafting took place amidst intense negotiations among Malaysia’s multi-racial communities, resulting in an informal bargain or ‘social contract’ which until today has become a subject of bitter dispute amidst rising polarisation along ‘Muslim versus non-Muslim’ lines. Locating origins of contemporaneous legal conflict to divergent understandings of constitutional clauses, this article proceeds to discuss contemporary controversies which shed light on Malaysia’s struggle to identify itself as a nation-state which integrates the best of both modern and Islamic civilisations. It is argued that this delicate balance has been recently threatened by the increasing penetration of a form of orthodox Islamist legalism which antagonises non-Muslim minorities and unduly homogenises its Malay-Muslim population. The cut-off point for this article is Abdullah Ahmad Badawi’s tenure as Prime Minister of Malaysia, which drew to a close in April 2009 under embattled circumstances.
The Halal Industry from a Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

The halal industry is still in its early stages of development, and efforts to chart the way forward in compliance with Islamic principles are desirable and necessary. As with Islamic banking in the early years, this industry has also been largely driven by market demands and realities. It would be advisable to enrich the achievements of the halal industry with research efforts that advance a better understanding of Islamic principles and the scientific knowledge relevant to our concerns. The article begins with a review of evidence in the Qur'an and hadith on the halal or mubah, and then proceeds to address the haram. The later part of the article covers the reprehensible (makruh) and the recommendable (mandub) respectively, as well as fiqh and the relationship between Islam and science.
The Japanese People and Islam
Authors: Yohei Matsuyama  (Mujahid)
Published: January 2022

This viewpoint focuses on the main causes and the structure in which many Japanese people misunderstand Islam. I will explain this by illustrating the misunderstandings of Islam among two important actors who convey the information about Islam to the people in Japan; the Japanese Muslims and the non-Muslim intellectuals.
Christian W. Troll - Dialogue and Difference: Clarity in Christian-Muslim Relations
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

It is certainly not easy these days to break a lance for dialogue with the scandal-ridden Catholic Church: ...paedophile ‘predator priests’, seemingly roaming freely through the Western (and developing) world; rampant moral decay among large segments of the Roman Catholic priesthood, while - at the same time - continuous preaching to other cultures and civilisations of the merits of Christian virtues; the alleged beating up of innocent orphan children, sometimes to unconsciousness, by a certain former German bishop who had been accused of lying under oath and invoking the name of God when questioned by legal authorities; the attempts to hush up such crimes; the financial (not to mention moral) bankruptcy of entire dioceses throughout the United States due to the compensation claims running into millions of US dollars by tens of thousands of victims - the list could be continued endlessly...
Maqasid Al-Shari'ah and Ijtihad as Instrument s of Civilisational Renewal: A Methodological Perspective
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

This article develops the idea of a maqasid-based framework for civilisational renewal (tajdid hadari), a broad and engaging prospect that also involves a review and reappraisal of the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence relating to the maqasid. The author argues that this would enable Muslims to widen the scope and horizon of the maqasid or objectives of Islamic law from their currently legalistic leanings towards the wider perspective of civilisational renaissance.
Intra-Muslim Dialogue: The Litmus Test for Islam as Credible Partner
Authors: Marcinkowski Christoph
Published: January 2022

Closely connected to a discussion of the practical goals and objectives of Islamic law or maqasid al-shari'ah - the subject of this journal’s Special Issue – and to the question of Islam’s civilisational renewal (tajdid hadari) is the critical topic of openness for dialogue with those who hold views that are different from our own. Recent years have witnessed several initiatives by both Muslims and non-Muslims toward getting to know and respect each other better - especially (but by no means only) in the aftermath of Pope Benedict XVI’s controversial ‘Regensburg lecture’ of 12 September 2006.
Arun Bala, The Dialogue of Civilizations in the Birth of Modern Science
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

Arun Bala has produced a significant and timely book addressing the roots of contemporary civilisational misunderstanding between European-American exceptionalism and the emergent global cosmopolitan worldview. Bala is a reputable physicist who taught history and philosophy of science at the National University of Singapore, and presently heads a project at Singapore’s Institute of Southeast Asian Studies studying the Chinese, Indian and Islamic scientific traditions with their role in the rise of modern science in Europe. His book brims with concise condensations of controversies in the history of science that convey the gist of complex issues in a fluid digestible style. It unveils vast historical perspectives linking continents and weaving through centuries, replete with comparative analyses of major intellectual, scientific and cosmological topics. It also sparkles with genuine insights proffered as hypotheses awaiting criticism and testing.
Abdulkader Thomas (ed.), Sukuk
Authors: Abdullah (Leslie Terebessy) Abdul Karim
Published: January 2022

This book, which contains a foreword by Tan Sri Sheikh Ghazali Haji Abdul Rahman, the Chairman of the Shari’ah Advisory Council of the Securities Commission of Malaysia, has been introduced by the Securities Commission of Malaysia under the Islamic Capital Market series. It is the first of six volumes. It consists of 16 chapters and several case studies, figures, tables and a list of abbreviations. The objective of the book - published before the effects of the recent global financial and economic crisis were felt in the Islamic capital markets - is to introduce sukuk to the general reader.
Peace and Security: The Islamic Understanding
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas
Published: January 2022

It is frequently said that the religion of Islam was first presented and understood as a salvational doctrine of peace through outward submission and inner surrender. The most essential value at the heart of Islam may be characterised as ‘security/peace’ (see the quranic terms silm and salm). Today this assertion is radically questioned by many non-Muslims, who emphasise the combative role of a militant faith intent on conquest and dominion - a medieval European perception now cultivated among intelligence and security establishments countering terrorism.
Family Values, the Family Institution, and the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this article is to discuss the concept of family and its values and its place and role as a multi-dimensional institution from the Islamic perspective. The author seeks to show that the Islamic family institution as envisaged by the Quran and as practised by Muslims throughout the history of Islam is at once a religious, an educational, and a socio-economic institution. The family is first of all a religious institution since it is based on the principle of sacred marriage and it exists to serve as an instrument to help man realise the twin goals of his existence in accordance with God’s cosmic plan. The twin goals in question are of servitude (ubudiyyah) and vicegerency (khilafah) and equivalently of man’s perfect relationship with God (hablun min Allah) and man’s perfect relationship with fellow men (hablun min al-nas). The author then discusses the role of the family as an educational institution in the sense of it being the first school for its children dependants where basic religious and ‘secular’ knowledge are both provided. Next to be discussed is the family’s role as a socio-economic institution with particular emphasis on household governance and economic health. This article emphasises the view that societal health, particularly its economic dimension, presupposes family health. A crisis in the family institution can have grave consequences on the well-being of society as a whole. Finally, the author discusses the challenges faced by the family institution in the twenty-first century and presents several recommendations on what needs to be done in response to these challenges.
Islamic Family Law Reform: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

This Special Issue of Islam and Civilisational Renewal carries selected papers from the ‘International Conference on the Family Institution in the Twenty-First Century: Ideals and Realities’, held at IAIS Malaysia on 13-14 December 2010. The event was jointly organised by IAIS Malaysia, the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (YPI), Yayasan Ubaidi, the Journalists and Writers Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey, the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and the Malaysian Turkish Dialogue Society, and officiated by Senator Dato, Sri Sharizat Abdul Jalil, Malaysia’s Minister of Women, Family and Community Development.
Control of Halal Food Chains
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: January 2022

The consumption of halal (lawful) and tayyib (wholesome) food is an obligation for Muslims. Today, the food we eat consists of ingredients and additives that come from all over the world. The result is that even simple food products like bread are the result of complex international halal food supply chains. Next to the many food scares, which also expose halal food chains, fraud with halal labels is rampant in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
Abdal-Hakim Murad, Bombing without Moonlight: The Origin of Suicidal Terrorism
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: January 2022

The one relief that we ever get from radicalised ideologies is that their madness is often responded to with sanity. The same with what is now so pejoratively and erroneously termed ‘Islamic terrorism’, whose baggage usually includes suicidal terrorism and extremist ideologies. Fortunately, the sober analyses that have ensued credibly dissociate them from any religious underpinnings, attributing them instead to socio-political conditions and their ideological superstructures.
Ethical Dimensions in Islamic Finance: The Way Forward
Authors: Mohamad Abdul Hamid
Published: January 2022

At a seminar organised by the Securities Commission about two years ago on the financial crisis in the West, I asked a professor from Australia whether the crisis was a result of the system itself, or of the abuse of the system. He replied, “Abuse.” Then I said, “Well, if it is abuse, then abuse may also happen in the Islamic system.” He agreed, but argued that there was a difference because the Islamic system is faith-based.
Christian-Muslim Relations in Central Europe: The Polish Experience
Authors: Koscielniak Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Although thirty million Muslims currently reside in the European Union, and adherents to the Islamic religion now constitute the majority of immigrants and the second largest religious group in European society, the influence of Islam on the culture of Central Europe was and is small, with the notable exception of Poland. There, a small traditional group of Polish Muslims has made a considerable contribution during six centuries of history to Poland's cultural and religious heritage: Polish Muslims or “Tartars” fought for Catholic Poland against the Catholic State of the Teutonic Order, and almost always stood by their Polish kings against incursions from the Sunni Turks, highlighting the importance of the loyalty felt to the Polish homeland. By the same token, Polish culture has been greatly enriched by Tartar customs, in a gradual and complex process of acculturation - a process that was ‘necessary’, ‘extended’ and ‘complete’ in its various phases. More recent migrants and refugees arriving in Poland have increased the ethnic and religious diversity of the Polish Muslim community, with marked social and theological implications. These are reflected today in the plethora of organisations representing the interests of various Muslim groups and organisations in the country. Furthermore, the advanced extent of Christian-Muslim dialogue, something well developed in Poland, manifests a true “dialogue of life” and reflects the shared desire to promote understanding, stimulate communication, and work collaboratively on specific problems of mutual concern.
The Impact of Nationalism on Civlisational Development and Human Security: Works of Said Nursi and Musa Jarullah
Authors: Akhmetova Elmira
Published: January 2022

This essay is an attempt to outline the ideology of nationalism, its types and impact on the well-being of societies from the viewpoints of two Muslim intellectuals, Said Nursi and Musa Jarullah. Based on the predictions of these two scholars and the current political developments, it identifies the ideas of negative nationalism and racism to be one of the main reasons behind moral corruption, social, political and economic injustice prevalent in the modern world; and it offers some solutions to bring compassion, security, peace and harmony to humankind. The essay suggests that the universal principles of peace, fairness and virtue derived from the revealed religions can produce true civilisations, and offer true happiness and harmony to all members of the society regardless of their ethnic or ideological backgrounds. It also suggests that modern methods of studying political and social developments in the Muslim world should be urgently revised.