bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Wirkung von autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Erosiones und Ulcera der Kornea bei eigenem im Vergleich zu transplantiertem Gewebe
Authors: Leonhard Marie , Turner Christina , Langenbucher Achim , Flockerzi Elias , Seitz Berthold
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Wirkung von 100% autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Erosiones und Ulcera corneae auf der eigenen Hornhaut vs.
transplantierter Hornhaut zu vergleichen.

Patienten und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie über 7 Jahre wurden 263 Behandlungen mit autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Epitheldefekten untersucht, die
zwischen 2007 und 2014 auftraten. Unterschieden wurde, ob der Epitheldefekt (Erosio [88%] vs. Ulcus corneae [12%]) sich auf dem Hornhauttransplantat (48,1%) oder auf der eigenen Hornhaut
(51,9%) befand. Zielgröße war der komplette Epithelschluss innerhalb von 28 Tagen Therapie. Die Rezidivrate im Verlauf wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bei 88,2% der behandelten Defekte kam es innerhalb von 28 Behandlungstagen zu einem kompletten Epithelschluss. Bei 5,1% der erfolgreich geschlossenen Defekte kam es nach
Abschluss der 1-monatigen Therapie zu einem Rezidiv. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der Erfolgsrate von transplantiertem Hornhautgewebe (88,6%) oder eigenem
Hornhautgewebe (87,8%; p = 0,137). Die Rezidivrate lag bei transplantierter Hornhaut bei 6,4%, bei der eigenen Hornhaut bei 1,7%. Bei Ulcera (74,2%) zeigte sich eine signifikant reduzierte
Erfolgsrate im Vergleich zu den Erosiones (90,3%; p < 0,001). 4,4% der Erosiones und 4,3% der Ulcera rezidivierten im Verlauf.

Schlussfolgerungen Die autologen Serumaugentropfen stellen eine gute, nicht invasive und sichere Therapiealternative bei therapieresistenten Epitheldefekten dar, ohne signifikanten
Unterschied der Wirkung bei Epitheldefekten auf der eigenen Hornhaut und transplantierter Hornhaut. Die Erfolgsrate, aber nicht die Rezidivrate ist bei Hornhautulcera signifikant geringer
als bei Erosiones corneae.
Relaxed Alert Electroencephalography Screening for Mild Traumatic
Brain Injury in Athletes
Authors: Abdul Baki Samah , Zakeri Zohreh , Chari Geetha , Fenton André , Omurtag Ahmet
Published: May 2023

Due to the mildness of initial injury, many athletes with recurrent mild
traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are misdiagnosed with other neuropsychiatric
illnesses. This study was designed as a proof-of-principle feasibility trial for
athletic trainers at a sports facility to generate electroencephalograms (EEGs)
from student athletes for discriminating (mTBI) associated EEGs from uninjured
ones. A total of 47 EEGs were generated, with 30 athletes recruited at baseline
(BL) pre-season, after a concussive injury (IN), and post-season (PS). Outcomes
included: 1) visual analyses of EEGs by a neurologist; 2) support vector machine
(SVM) classification for inferences about whether particular groups belonged to
the three subgroups of BL, IN, or PS; and 3) analyses of EEG synchronies
including phase locking value (PLV) computed between pairs of distinct
electrodes. All EEGs were visually interpreted as normal. SVM classification
showed that BL and IN could be discriminated with 81% accuracy using
features of EEG synchronies combined. Frontal inter-hemispheric phase
synchronization measured by PLV was significantly lower in the IN group. It is
feasible for athletic trainers to record high quality EEGs from student
athletes. Also, spatially localized metrics of EEG synchrony can discriminate
mTBI associated EEGs from control EEGs.
Survey on Oral Health Education Knowledge of Family Members and Health Workers Dedicated to Patients with Disabilities
Authors: Ludovichetti Francesco Saverio , Zuccon Andrea , Lucchi Patrizia , Signoriello Anna Giulia , Stellini Edoardo , Mazzoleni Sergio
Published: May 2023

Objective Over a billion people in the world live with some form of disability and this figure is destined to grow due to the increase in life expectancy. As consequence, the caregiver is taking on an increasingly important role that gains relevance also in the field of oral-dental prevention, being able to promptly identify needs for medical treatment. In some cases, however, the caregiver can be an obstacle to consider in case of a lack of adequate knowledge and commitment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the caregiver level of oral education comparing family members and health workers dedicated to people with disabilities knowledge.

Materials and Methods Anonymous questionnaires were distributed in five disability service centers and filled alternatively by family members of patients with disability and disability service centers health workers.

Results Two-hundred fifty questionnaires were collected, of which 100 were filled in by family members and 150 by health workers. Data were analyzed by applying the chi-squared (X2) independence test and the pairwise method for missing data.

Conclusion Family members oral education appears better in terms of brushing frequency, toothbrush replacement, and number of dental visits.
Time course of hemispheric cerebral volume after decompressive craniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery stroke
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago Pereira , Rodrigues Mariana Athaniel Silva , Bocca Leonardo Favi , Neto Feres Eduardo Chaddad , Cavalheiro Sergio , Júnior Edson Amaro , Silva Gisele Sampaio , Suriano Italo Capraro , Centeno Ricardo Silva
Published: May 2023

Background Brain edema is the leading cause of death in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Midline shift (MLS) has been used as a monohemispheric brain edema marker in several studies; however, it does not precisely measure brain edema. It is now possible to directly measure hemisphere brain volume. Knowledge about the time course of brain edema after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction may contribute to the condition's management.

Objective Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the course of brain edema in patients with malignant MCA infarction treated with decompressive craniectomy (DC) using hemispheric volumetric measurements.

Methods Patients were selected consecutively from a single tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2019. All patients were diagnosed with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction and underwent a decompressive craniectomy (DC) to treat the ischemic event. All computed tomography (CT) exams performed during the clinical care of these patients were analyzed, and the whole ischemic hemisphere volume was calculated for each CT scan.

Results We analyzed 43 patients (197 CT exams). Patients' mean age at DC was 51.72 [range: 42–68] years. The mean time between the ischemic ictus and DC was 41.88 (range: 6–77) hours. The mean time between the ischemic event and the peak of hemisphere volume was 168.84 (95% confidence interval [142.08, 195.59]) hours.

Conclusion In conclusion, the peak of cerebral edema in malignant MCA infarction after DC occurred on the 7th day (168.84 h) after stroke symptoms onset. Further studies evaluating therapies for brain edema even after DC should be investigated.
Developing an Artificial Intelligence Solution to Autosegment the Edentulous Mandibular Bone for Implant Planning
Authors: Moufti Mohammad Adel , Trabulsi Nuha , Ghousheh Marah , Fattal Tala , Ashira Ali , Danishvar Sebelan
Published: May 2023

Objective Dental implants are considered the optimum solution to replace missing teeth and restore the mouth's function and aesthetics. Surgical planning of the implant position is critical to avoid damage to vital anatomical structures; however, the manual measurement of the edentulous (toothless) bone on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is time-consuming and is subject to human error. An automated process has the potential to reduce human errors and save time and costs. This study developed an artificial intelligence (AI) solution to identify and delineate edentulous alveolar bone on CBCT images before implant placement.

Materials and Methods After obtaining the ethical approval, CBCT images were extracted from the database of the University Dental Hospital Sharjah based on predefined selection criteria. Manual segmentation of the edentulous span was done by three operators using ITK-SNAP software. A supervised machine learning approach was undertaken to develop a segmentation model on a “U-Net” convolutional neural network (CNN) in the Medical Open Network for Artificial Intelligence (MONAI) framework. Out of the 43 labeled cases, 33 were utilized to train the model, and 10 were used for testing the model's performance.

Statistical Analysis The degree of 3D spatial overlap between the segmentation made by human investigators and the model's segmentation was measured by the dice similarity coefficient (DSC).

Results The sample consisted mainly of lower molars and premolars. DSC yielded an average value of 0.89 for training and 0.78 for testing. Unilateral edentulous areas, comprising 75% of the sample, resulted in a better DSC (0.91) than bilateral cases (0.73).

Conclusion Segmentation of the edentulous spans on CBCT images was successfully conducted by machine learning with good accuracy compared to manual segmentation. Unlike traditional AI object detection models that identify objects present in the image, this model identifies missing objects. Finally, challenges in data collection and labeling are discussed, together with an outlook at the prospective stages of a larger project for a complete AI solution for automated implant planning.
Incidence of cardioembolic stroke related to atrial fibrillation in Joinville, Brazil
Authors: Diegolli Henrique , Oliveira Raddib Eduardo Noleto da Nobrega , Silva Caroline Figueiredo da , Silva Gustavo Figueiredo da , Souza Felipe Fanine de , Machado Felipe Reinert Avilla , Lacerda Marcelo Pitombeira de
Published: May 2023

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important cause of cardioembolic stroke, and population aging has increased its prevalence.

Objective To evaluate the incidence of cardioembolic stroke caused by AF in the city of Joinville, Brazil, as well as previous diagnoses and use of medication.

Methods Between 2017 and 2020 we extracted data from the population-based Joinville Stroke Registry. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis of AF, and patterns of medication use were collected, and the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) system was used to classify the etiology.

Results There were 3,303 cases of ischemic stroke, 593 of which were cardioembolic, and 360 had AF. Of the patients with AF, 258 (71.6%) had a previous diagnosis of the disease, and 102 (28.3%) were newly diagnosed after the stroke. Among patients with a previously-diagnosed AF, 170 (47.2%) were using anticoagulants, and 88 (24.4%) were using other medications.

Conclusion During the analyzed period, ischemic stroke caused by AF was a significant burden on the population of Joinville, and a considerable number of patients had undiagnosed or untreated AF.
Sexual dysfunction in Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Melo Elisa Matias Vieira de , Schoeps Vinicius Andreoli , Oliveira Flavia Fairbanks Lima de , Mendes Maria Fernanda , Olival Guilherme Sciascia do
Published: May 2023

Background People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) show an increased risk of sexual dysfunction (SD), both in women and men.

Objective The aim of the present study was to apply the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19) and evaluate our results by comparing them with those in in the literature, as well as to assess the ease of applying the scale and the engagement of the patients in discussing the topic of sexuality.

Methods We developed and applied a web-based Google form questionnaire that the respondents completed online, which included the MSISQ-19, for the assessment of sexual function. Baseline characteristics were reported as proportions and mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median ± interquartile range (IQR) as appropriate according to data distribution. Categorical variables were stratified by sex and compared with chi-squared tests. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v. 16 (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA).

Results Of the 621 respondents, 541 were included in the analysis. Among the patients with MS, a total of 347 (64.14%) exhibited SD. When stratified by gender, the frequencies of SD were not significantly different.

Conclusion There is a high incidence of sexual dysfunction among PwMS and we need to identify the reasons for this and implement strategies to treat and counsel our patients. The MSISQ-19 can be used to help clinicians to assess sexual functioning in a quick and easy way and give patients the possibility to address this topic and receive appropriate help and support.
Using the cell phone while standing or walking affects balance and mobility in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lino Tayla Borges , Silva Milena Nunes de Oliveira da , Paula Isabela Corrêa de , Melo Sarah Jane Lemos de , Barbosa Suzi Rosa Miziara , Christofoletti Gustavo
Published: May 2023

Background Cell phones are part of peoples' lives. The literature indicates risks when cell phones are used during a secondary motor task. Studies addressing this topic in people with Parkinson's disease are still scarce.

Objective To investigate the impact of daily dual tasks with cell phone on balance and mobility in people with Parkinson's disease, compared to healthy control peers.

Methods Participants with Parkinson's disease and controls underwent three motor tasks: (1) Standing and walking without using a cell phone; (2) Standing and walking while talking on the phone; and (3) Standing and walking while texting messages on the phone. Assessments involved balance and mobility tests. Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate analysis of variance, comparing main effect for group (Parkinson's disease × control), task (using × not using cell phone) and interactions (group × task). Significance was set at 5%. Effect sizes are reported.

Results Participants with Parkinson's disease showed worse balance (p = 0.001, effect size of 0.471) and mobility (p = 0.001, effect size of 0.472) than control peers. The use of cell phone while performing a secondary motor task affected both groups (p = 0.005, effect size of 0.673 for balance and p = 0.001, effect size of 0.549 for mobility). The dual task impact, however, was higher in the Parkinson's disease group (p = 0.009, effect size of 0.407 for mobility).

Conclusion Daily dual tasks with cell phones increase imbalance and mobility risks in Parkinson's disease. People should be careful when using their cell phone while standing or walking.
Weather and human mobility impact COVID-19 cases
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: May 2023

Climates that decrease human mobility lead to fewer new coronavirus infections.
High-Q guided-mode resonance of a crossed grating with near-flat dispersion
Authors: Amedalor Reuben , Karvinen Petri , Pesonen Henri , Turunen Jari , Niemi Tapio , Bej Subhajit
Published: May 2023

Guided-mode resonances in diffraction gratings are manifested as peaks (dips) in reflection (transmission) spectra. Resonances with smaller line widths, i.e., with higher Q-factors, ensure stronger light–matter interactions and are beneficial for field-dependent physical processes. However, these high-Q resonances often suffer from strong angular and spectral dispersions. We demonstrate that a class of resonant modes with extraordinarily weak dispersion and Q-factor ∼1000 can be excited in crossed gratings simultaneously with the modes with well-known linear dispersion. Furthermore, the polarization of the incoming light can be adjusted to engineer the dispersion of these modes, and strong to near-flat dispersion or vice versa can be achieved by switching between two mutually orthogonal linear polarization states. We introduce a semi-analytical model to explain the underlying physics behind these observations and perform full-wave numerical simulations and experiments to support our theoretical conjecture. The results presented here will benefit all applications that rely on resonances in free-space-coupled geometries.
Block-circulant complex Hadamard matrices
Authors: Bruzda W.
Published: May 2023

A new method of obtaining a sequence of isolated complex Hadamard matrices (CHM) for dimensions N ⩾ 7, based on block-circulant structures, is presented. We discuss several analytic examples resulting from a modification of the Sinkhorn algorithm. In particular, we present new isolated matrices of orders 9, 10, and 11, which elements are not roots of unity, and also several new multiparametric families of order 10. We note novel connections between certain eight-dimensional matrices and provide new insights toward the classification of CHM for N ⩾ 7. These contributions can find real applications in quantum information theory and constructions of new families of mutually unbiased bases or unitary error bases.
Micropatterning of functional lipid bilayer assays for quantitative bioanalysis
Authors: Montalbo Reynaldo Carlos K. , Tu Hsiung-Lin
Published: May 2023

Interactions of the cell with its environment are mediated by the cell membrane and membrane-localized molecules. Supported lipid bilayers have enabled the recapitulation of the basic properties of cell membranes and have been broadly used to further our understanding of cellular behavior. Coupled with micropatterning techniques, lipid bilayer platforms have allowed for high throughput assays capable of performing quantitative analysis at a high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, an overview of the current methods of the lipid membrane patterning is presented. The fabrication and pattern characteristics are briefly described to present an idea of the quality and notable features of the methods, their utilizations for quantitative bioanalysis, as well as to highlight possible directions for the advanced micropatterning lipid membrane assays.
Centrifugal hypergravitational scaling experiments of fluid convection with evaluation and correction of Coriolis effect
Authors: Nagel Thomas
Published: May 2023

In recent years, fluid convection has played an increasingly important role in environmental problems, which has attracted increasing attention. Scaled physical modeling is an important approach to understand the behavior of fluid convection in nature. However, a common source of errors is conflicting similarity criteria. Here, we present using hypergravity to improve the scaling similarity of gravity-dominated fluid convection, e.g., natural convection and multiphase flow. We demonstrate the validity of the approach by investigating water-brine buoyant jet experiments conducted under hypergravity created by a centrifuge. Considering the influence of the Coriolis force, an evaluation and correction method is presented. Results show that the scaling similarity increases with the gravitational acceleration. In particular, the model best represents the prototype under N3g with a spatial scale of 1/N and a timescale of 1/N2 by simultaneously satisfying the Froude and Reynolds criteria. The significance of centrifuge radius and fluid velocity in determining the accuracy of the scaled model is discussed in light of the Coriolis effect and turbulence. This study demonstrates a new direction for the physical modeling of fluid subject to gravity with broad application prospects.
Paddy-field dike
Authors: Matisoff James A.
Published: May 2023

This brief note proposes a new Proto-Sino-Tibetan etymon for FIELD-DIKE, the dike between irrigated paddy fields, and provides an etymology relating Chinese and Lahu forms. It also discusses related etymologies with similar rhymes in Lahu and their reflexes in Burmese. There is also a postscript on the Written Burmese rhyme -añ.
Microcosmic mechanism of performance enhancement of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy based on heat treatment
Authors: Yuan Tao , Zhao Xiaohu , Shan He , Chen Shujun , Ren Xuelei , Li Yang
Published: May 2023

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are widely used in aerospace structures because of their excellent performances. To improve the poor mechanical performance of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu arc additive manufactured deposit, heat treatments were used for the enhancement of mechanical performances. The microstructure of the deposits was improved after heat treatment due to the decomposition of intermetallic compounds. Meanwhile, the solid solution of alloying elements and the phase transformation led to two strengthening mechanisms: solid solution strengthening and the precipitation strengthening. The performance enhancement of the deposits was most significant under the T6 heat treatment. The horizontal and vertical strength increased to 513 and 504 MPa, respectively, and the hardness increased to 205 HV with more uniformly distribution in the vertical direction.
Topical application of isolated menthol and combined menthol‐capsaicin creams: Exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation in the heat
Authors: Peel Jenny , John Kevin , Page Joe , Jeffries Owen , Heffernan Shane M. , Tallent Jamie , Waldron Mark
Published: May 2023

We determined the effects of topically applied (i) isolated menthol cream, (ii) menthol and capsaicin co‐application or (iii) placebo cream on exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. Ten participants cycled at 70% maximal power output until exhaustion in 35°C and 20% relative humidity after application of (i) 5% isolated menthol, (ii) 5% menthol and 0.025% capsaicin co‐application or (iii) placebo cream. Thermo‐physiological responses were measured during exercise, with attentional focus and pain determined post‐exercise on a 0‐to‐10 scale. Across the three conditions, time to exhaustion was 13.4 ± 4.8 min, mean ± SD infrared tympanic and skin temperature was 37.2 ± 0.6°C and 35.1 ± 1.2°C, respectively, and heart rate was 152 ± 47 bpm, with no changes between conditions (p > 0.05). Perceived exertion was lower in the isolated menthol vs. all other conditions (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.44). Thermal sensation was higher in menthol‐capsaicin co‐application vs. isolated menthol (p < 0.05, d = 1.1), while sweat rate was higher for capsaicin and menthol co‐application compared to menthol (p < 0.05, d = 0.85). The median and interquartile range scores for pain were lower (p < 0.05) in the menthol condition (8, 7–8) compared to both menthol and capsaicin (10, 9–10) and placebo (9, 9–10), which was coupled with a greater distraction (p < 0.05) in the menthol condition (9, 7–10) compared to placebo (6, 5–7). Despite no performance effects for any topical cream application condition, these data reiterate the advantageous perceptual and analgesic role of menthol application and demonstrate no advantage of co‐application with capsaicin.
Electrically controllable spin polarization in collinear antiferromagnetic junctions
Authors: Niu Zhi Ping , Wen Xin Pei
Published: May 2023

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is a rapidly growing subfield of spintronics in condensed-matter physics and information technology. Electrical current in collinear antiferromagnetic materials is typically spin unpolarized, limiting the realization of antiferromagnetic spintronics effects. Here we study the transport in the collinear antiferromagnetic junctions by applying a transverse electric field E

y
to the antiferromagnets (AFs). The band structures of the collinear AFs may become spin-polarized when the combined time reversal and lattice translation symmetry is broken by E

y
. The separation between spin-up and spin-down bands is controlled by E

y
. Full spin polarization originating from spin-polarized states near the band gap’s edges is observed at high exchange energy. In particular, as E

y
increases, the region capable of generating high spin polarization broadens due to the increased separation between spin-up and spin-down bands. The amplitude and sign of spin polarization can be controlled by E

y
. These characteristics indicate that collinear AF materials are ideal for future spintronics applications.
Hydrodynamic radius dictates sensitivity of x-ray detectors based on the radiomicrofluidic synthesis of colloidal silver
Authors: Nunes Luiz H S , Guidelli Eder J
Published: May 2023

A radiolytic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out in combination with a microfluidic method to produce liquid radiation detectors. The detector response was analyzed by correlating the absorbed dose with the dispersion’s absorbance and with the hydrodynamic radius (HR). Samples were irradiated with x-rays of varying beam energies and dose rates and the data were discussed to elucidate how nucleation and growth processes are affected by the radiation quantities. Results reveal that HR does not change with the absorbed dose, but can be well controlled by varying the precursors concentration, beam energy, and dose rate. Increased precursor concentrations or dose rates favor nucleation, leading to the formation of smaller HR particles and increased detector sensitivity. Upon increasing the x-ray energy, growth is favored, leading to larger HR and decreased detector sensitivity. It is shown that HR and detector sensitivity are strongly correlated so that HR dictates detection sensitivity: the smaller the HR, the higher the sensitivity. Therefore, the dependence of the HR on the dose rate and on the x-ray energy establishes a new method for the controlled growth of colloidal silver, besides opening new possibilities for ionizing radiation detection.
Asymptotic dynamics of Hamiltonian polymatrix replicators
Authors: Najafi Alishah Hassan , Duarte Pedro , Peixe Telmo
Published: May 2023

In a previous paper (Alishah et al 2019 Nonlinearity
33 469) we have studied flows defined on polytopes, presenting a method to encapsulate its asymptotic dynamics along the edge-vertex heteroclinic network. Using this result we study here the Hamiltonian character of the asymptotic dynamics of conservative polymatrix replicators. Our main result states that for such conservative polymatrix replicator systems the map describing its asymptotic dynamics is Hamiltonian with respect to some appropriate Poisson structure.
Radiomic analysis for early differentiation of lung cancer recurrence from fibrosis in patients treated with lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
Authors: Kunkyab Tenzin , Mou Benjamin , Jirasek Andrew , Haston Christina , Andrews Jeff , Thomas Steven , Hyde Derek
Published: May 2023

Objective. The development of radiation-induced fibrosis after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can obscure follow-up images and delay detection of a local recurrence in early-stage lung cancer patients. The objective of this study was to develop a radiomics model for computer-assisted detection of local recurrence and fibrosis for an earlier timepoint (<1 year) after the SABR treatment. Approach. This retrospective clinical study included CT images (n = 107) of 66 patients treated with SABR. A z-score normalization technique was used for radiomic feature standardization across scanner protocols. The training set for the radiomics model consisted of CT images (66 patients; 22 recurrences and 44 fibrosis) obtained at 24 months (median) follow-up. The test set included CT-images of 41 patients acquired at 5–12 months follow-up. Combinations of four widely used machine learning techniques (support vector machines, gradient boosting, random forests (RF), and logistic regression) and feature selection methods (Relief feature scoring, maximum relevance minimum redundancy, mutual information maximization, forward feature selection, and LASSO) were investigated. Pyradiomics was used to extract 106 radiomic features from the CT-images for feature selection and classification. Main results. An RF + LASSO model scored the highest in terms of AUC (0.87) and obtained a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 88% in identifying a local recurrence in the test set. In the training set, 86% accuracy was achieved using five-fold cross-validation. Delong’s test indicated that AUC achieved by the RF+LASSO is significantly better than 11 other machine learning models presented here. The top three radiomic features: interquartile range (first order), Cluster Prominence (GLCM), and Autocorrelation (GLCM), were revealed as differentiating a recurrence from fibrosis with this model. Significance. The radiomics model selected, out of multiple machine learning and feature selection algorithms, was able to differentiate a recurrence from fibrosis in earlier follow-up CT-images with a high specificity rate and satisfactory sensitivity performance.
Dynamics of quantum-memory assisted entropic uncertainty of a two-spin Heisenberg XXX model under the intrinsic decoherence effect
Authors: Mohamed A-B A , Rahman A , Aldosari F M , Eleuch H
Published: May 2023

In this study, the quantum-memory assisted entropic uncertainty (QM-EU) and entanglement dynamics of the two-qubit Heisenberg XXX chain have been explored in the presence of intrinsic decoherence. The effect of the x-component of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) and Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entin-Wohlman-Aharony (KSEA) interactions has been considered. The generation and preservation of quantum memory and entanglement have been examined for various values of the DM, KSEA, spin-spin, and spin coupling strengths. The uncertainty negatively affects the entanglement and both have anti-correlation. The absence and presence of intrinsic decoherence prevail in differing impacts on the dynamics of the system. In the first case, prolonged entanglement preservation, uncertainty suppression, and oscillatory dynamics have been observed. Moreover, in order to achieve the best-prolonged entanglement preservation and relative reduction of the entropic uncertainty, we have analyzed several parameter settings. We find that the effects of raising the DM, KSEA, and spin-spin interaction individually and simultaneously are different. The individual and simultaneous increase of the DM, KSEA, and spin-spin interaction parameters control the degree of entanglement, entropic uncertainty, and primarily the dynamics of the system.
Efficient solar absorber based on VO2-W-SiO2 hybrid metamaterials
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Zhang Ying , Fan Menghui , Zhang Jing , Zhou Chaobiao
Published: May 2023

The broad spectrum near unity solar absorber shows important significance in the solar energy conversion. In this work, a polarization independent broadband and wide-angle metamaterials solar absorber consisted of VO2 periodic arrays and alternately stacked SiO2/W layers is designed. To explore the absorption of solar radiation and proper geometric parameters, numerical studies are carried out on the proposed structure. And the absorption of the designed structure is above 90% in the spectra range of 300-2000 nm with an average absorption of 95%. Moreover, the proposed structure possesses excellent solar absorptivity and insensitivity to the incident angle and polarization of sunlight. The average integrated absorption remains 90% with the light incident angle of 50°. Hence, the proposed broadband solar absorber has potentially valuable applications in thermophotovoltaic conversion, thermal emitters, solar cell, and so on.
Upper bound efficiency for thermal radiation energy conversion by using spectrally selective electrical, chemical and mechanical work extractors
Authors: Badescu Viorel
Published: May 2023

The maximum work content factor

κ

U
,
i

+

of the incoming thermal radiation energy depends on the temperatures of the radiation source, work extractor and environment, on the solid angle subtended by the radiation source, and on the spectrally averaged absorptance and emittance of the work extractor. The theory is applied to solar radiation as a particular case. The formula derived here for

κ

U
,
i

+

is more accurate than well-known formulas from literature. The work extractor may provide work or not, depending on the averaged absorptance and emittance and radiation concentration. Solar thermal power plants based on plane blackbody collectors cannot provide work under unconcentrated solar radiation.
Gravitational wave from graviton Bremsstrahlung during reheating
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Bernal Nicolás , Xu Yong , Zapata Óscar
Published: May 2023

We revisit graviton production via Bremsstrahlung from the decay of the inflaton during
inflationary reheating. Using two complementary computational techniques, we first show that such
3-body differential decay rates differ from previously reported results in the literature. We then
compute the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background that forms during the period of
reheating, when the inflaton perturbatively decays with the radiative emission of gravitons. By
computing the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in terms of Δ N
eff, we
constrain the resulting GW energy density from BBN and CMB. Finally, we project current and future
GW detector sensitivities in probing such a stochastic GW background, which typically peaks in the
GHz to THz ballpark, opening up the opportunity to be detected with microwave cavities and
space-based GW detectors.
Dynamical consistency conditions for rapid turn inflation
Authors: Anguelova Lilia , Lazaroiu Calin Iuliu
Published: May 2023

We derive consistency conditions for sustained slow roll and rapid turn inflation in
two-field cosmological models with oriented scalar field space, which imply that inflationary
models with field-space trajectories of this type are non-generic. In particular, we show that
third order adiabatic slow roll, together with large and slowly varying turn rate, requires the
scalar potential of the model to satisfy a certain nonlinear second order PDE, whose coefficients
depend on the scalar field metric. We also derive consistency conditions for slow roll
inflationary solutions in the so called “rapid turn attractor” approximation, as well as study
the consistency conditions for circular rapid turn trajectories with slow roll in two-field models
with rotationally invariant field space metric. Finally, we argue that the rapid turn regime
tends to have a natural exit after a limited number of e-folds.
CONNECT: a neural network based framework for emulating cosmological observables and cosmological parameter inference
Authors: Nygaard Andreas , Holm Emil Brinch , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas
Published: May 2023

Bayesian parameter inference is an essential tool in modern cosmology, and typically requires the calculation of 105–106 theoretical models for each inference of model parameters for a given dataset combination. Computing these models by solving the linearised Einstein-Boltzmann system usually takes tens of CPU core-seconds per model, making the entire process very computationally expensive.

In this paper we present connect, a neural network framework emulating class computations as an easy-to-use plug-in for the popular sampler MontePython. connect uses an iteratively trained neural network which emulates the observables usually computed by class. The training data is generated using class, but using a novel algorithm for generating favourable points in parameter space for training data, the required number of class-evaluations can be reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to a traditional inference run. Once connect has been trained for a given model, no additional training is required for different dataset combinations, making connect many orders of magnitude faster than class (and making the inference process entirely dominated by the speed of the likelihood calculation).

For the models investigated in this paper we find that cosmological parameter inference run with connect produces posteriors which differ from the posteriors derived using class by typically less than 0.01–0.1 standard deviations for all parameters. We also stress that the training data can be produced in parallel, making efficient use of all available compute resources. The connect code is publicly available for download on GitHub (https://github.com/AarhusCosmology/connect_public).
Spin effects on the relativistic strong EM wave modes in magnetized plasma*
Authors: Hu Qiang-Lin , Hu Wen , Xiao Jin-Peng
Published: May 2023

Based on the relativistic hydrodynamic model of EM wave–spin plasmas interaction, the spin effects on the relativistic strong EM modes in magnetized plasma are investigated. The dispersion relations of the EM wave propagating parallel and perpendicular to the external magnetic field are obtained. Results show that the strong EM wave modes are affected by the time component of four-spin as well as the increase of electron effective mass. Especially in the case of EM wave propagating parallel to the external magnetic field, the time component of four-spin amplifies the influence of spin effects on the low-frequency modes obviously.
Inertial effect on minimum magnetic field for magnetization reversal in ultrafast magnetism
Authors: Nan 南 Xue-Meng 雪萌 , Qu 屈 Chuan 川 , He 贺 Peng-Bin 鹏斌 , Li 李 Zai-Dong 再东
Published: May 2023

In the field of ultrafast magnetism, i.e., subpicosecond or femtosecond time scales, the dynamics of magnetization can be described by the inertial Landau–Lifhitz–Gilbert equation. In terms of this equation, the intrinsic characteristics are investigated in detail for the theoretical limit of the magnetization reversal field. We can find that there is a critical value for the inertia parameter τ
c, which is affected by the damping and anisotropy parameter of the system. When the inertial parameter factor τ < τ
c, the limit value of the magnetization reversal field under the ultrafast magnetic mechanism is smaller than that of the fast magnetic mechanism. When τ > τ
c, the limit value of the magnetization reversal field will be larger than the limit value under the fast magnetic mechanism. Moreover, it is important to point out that the limit value of the magnetization reversal field under the ultrafast magnetic mechanism decreases with the increasing inertial factor, as τ < τ
c/2, which increases with inertial factor τ as τ > τ
c/2. Finally, with the joint action of damping and anisotropy, compared with fast magnetism, we find that the limit value of the magnetization reversal field has rich variation characteristics, i.e., there is not only a linear and proportional relationship, but also an inverse relationship, which is very significant for the study of ultrafast magnetism.
Identifying influential spreaders in social networks: A two-stage quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with Lévy flight
Authors: Lu 卢 Pengli 鹏丽 , Lan 揽 Jimao 继茂 , Tang 唐 Jianxin 建新 , Zhang 张 Li 莉 , Song 宋 Shihui 仕辉 , Zhu 朱 Hongyu 虹羽
Published: May 2023

The influence maximization problem aims to select a small set of influential nodes, termed a seed set, to maximize their influence coverage in social networks. Although the methods that are based on a greedy strategy can obtain good accuracy, they come at the cost of enormous computational time, and are therefore not applicable to practical scenarios in large-scale networks. In addition, the centrality heuristic algorithms that are based on network topology can be completed in relatively less time. However, they tend to fail to achieve satisfactory results because of drawbacks such as overlapped influence spread. In this work, we propose a discrete two-stage metaheuristic optimization combining quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with Lévy flight to identify a set of the most influential spreaders. According to the framework, first, the particles in the population are tasked to conduct an exploration in the global solution space to eventually converge to an acceptable solution through the crossover and replacement operations. Second, the Lévy flight mechanism is used to perform a wandering walk on the optimal candidate solution in the population to exploit the potentially unidentified influential nodes in the network. Experiments on six real-world social networks show that the proposed algorithm achieves more satisfactory results when compared to other well-known algorithms.
Self-similarity of complex networks under centrality-based node removal strategy
Authors: Chen Dan , Cai Defu , Su Housheng
Published: May 2023

Real-world networks exhibit complex topological interactions that pose a significant computational challenge to analyses of such networks. Due to limited resources, there is an urgent need to develop dimensionality reduction techniques that can significantly reduce the structural complexity of initial large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose a subgraph extraction method based on the node centrality measure to reduce the size of the initial network topology. Specifically, nodes with smaller centrality value are removed from the initial network to obtain a subgraph with a smaller size. Our results demonstrate that various real-world networks, including power grids, technology, transportation, biology, social, and language networks, exhibit self-similarity behavior during the reduction process. The present results reveal the self-similarity and scale invariance of real-world networks from a different perspective and also provide an effective guide for simplifying the topology of large-scale networks.
Customizing topological phases in the twisted bilayer superconductors with even-parity pairings
Authors: Lin Conghao , Huang Chuanshuai , Lu Xiancong
Published: May 2023

We investigate the topological properties of twisted bilayer superconductors with different even-parity pairings in each layer. In the presence of spin–orbit coupling, the Hamiltonian is mapped into an effective odd-parity superconductor. Based on this, we deduce the topological properties by examining the relative configuration between Fermi surface and Dirac pairing node. We show that mixed Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling and anisotropic hopping terms, which break the C
4 symmetry of the Fermi surface, can induce first-order topological superconductors with non-zero bulk Chern number. This provides a versatile way to control the topological phases of bilayer superconductors by adjusting the twisted angle and chemical potential. We demonstrate our results using a typical twisted angle of 53.13°, at which the translation symmetry is restored and the Chern number and edge state are calculated using the Moiré momentum.
Study on Maneuvering Target Trajectory Simulation and Tracking Based on IMM algorithm
Authors: Ma J R , Ma Q H , Yang S J , Zheng J Q , Wang S W
Published: May 2023

On the background of air defense missile which use radar command guidance, this article focuses on the maneuvering target trajectory simulation and tracking problem by considering possible maneuvering modes and target overload. Taking Serpentine maneuvering (S maneuvering) as an example, the target trajectory is simulated based on overload using stepwise design method, and data are measured through sensor models. Since single model cannot model the maneuvering target motion exactly, the estimation is addressed by combining the interacting multiple model algorithm and unscented Kalman filter algorithm, so as to study the applications of maneuvering target trajectory simulation and tracking in air defense missile systems. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated with simulated data.
Application of High Kinetic Energy Buffer Control Technology after Free Recoil
Authors: Ke B , Qian L F , Niu T H , Zhang L , Wang H F , Jia Q
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problem of high recoil kinetic energy caused by launching long-range guided projectiles, the main effect and Pareto of barrel diameter, projectile mass, initial velocity and charge on recoil kinetic energy are studied based on Latin hypercube test design under certain bore pressure conditions, which provides reference for the evaluation and control of high recoil kinetic energy brought by new ammunition. At the same time, in order to solve the difficulty of free recoil high kinetic energy buffer braking, four mathematical models and technical schemes of recoil buffer braking are introduced and designed, and the buffer characteristics are compared and analyzed. Based on the analysis of reducing the buffer force and the length of recoil motion, a free recoil test bench scheme for the combination of blocking cables and recoil buffer devices is also proposed. The recoil braking force is planned based on NCGA intelligent optimization algorithm. The results show that the combined buffer braking principle is feasible and the buffer effect is good.
Improved overturning moment calculation method for large caliber artillery based on dynamics analysis
Authors: Xu Yao-feng , Gu Bin , Lei Jian-ping , Shan Chun-lai , Liang Hui
Published: May 2023

The effect of launch load on rotating parts is very complicated during firing of large caliber artillery. In the design of artillery firepower system, the traditional method to derive artillery overturning moment by taking the elevating part as the analysis object and using the static equilibrium equation cannot accurately reflect the real state of artillery firing. Therefore, taking the whole gun dynamics simulation as the analysis method and combining with the shooting test data, the force state of the elevating mechanism is obtained. The dynamic simulation results, the calculation results of the traditional formula, the measured results of the shooting test and the attitude change of the gun monitored by high-speed camera are compared and analyzed. The result shows that the turret race shaking is an important factor affecting the accuracy of design and simulation calculation. When the turret race shaking is considered, the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, but inconsistent with the calculation results of the traditional design formula; The simulation results without considering the turret race shaking are consistent with the results of the traditional design formula, but they are different from the test results. Considering the influence of the angular acceleration of the rotating part given by the turret race shaking, the overturning moment formula is improved, and the force analysis formulas of the rotating part and the elevating part are carried out respectively and the calculation results of the improved formula are in good agreement with the test results. The research complements the calculation method of the overturning moment of the gun, which can be extended to the design of key components such as elevating mechanism and gun carriage.
Application of Supercavitation Technology in Anti-submarine Combat Equipment of Gun Platform
Authors: Qi XB , Wang R , Wang JW , Liang JQ , Li RJ
Published: May 2023

With the increase of anti-submarine depth and anti-submarine distance, the current anti-submarine warfare becomes more and more difficult. In this paper, the development status of anti-submarine weapons and equipment are summarized, and the shortcomings of existing anti-submarine warfare modes are analyzed. This paper describes the development status and advantages of supercavitation weapon, puts forward a preliminary assumption of developing supercavitation anti-submarine ammunition based on gun platform by using supercavitation technology, and makes simulation calculation on the ballistic performance of supercavitation anti-submarine ammunition. At the end of the paper, the application prospect of this type of anti-submarine ammunition is prospected.
Applications of Supercavitation Drag Reduction Technology in Naval Gun Underwater Attack and Defense Warfare
Authors: Wang R , Yao Z , Qi XB , Li RJ , Wang JW
Published: May 2023

China has lagged behind in the construction of underwater attack and defense system for a long time, and there is still a lack of effective means for rapid anti submarine and underwater short-range / terminal defense in large areas. This paper analyzes the characteristics of underwater combat targets and equipment, and puts forward the combat mode of naval gun underwater attack and defense system based on supercavitation drag reduction technology. This paper expounds the application and development status of supercavitation drag reduction technology in the field of gun weapons, analyzes the key technologies involved in the development of naval gun underwater attack and defense combat, and looks forward to the application prospect of new naval weapons, which can provide technical support for improving the comprehensive combat capability of naval gun.