bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF CARBARYL ON GILL CELLS OF CHANNA PUNCTATUS
Authors: Chaudhari Renu , Saxena Kamal Kumar
Published: December 2020

The genotoxicity of carbaryl was evaluated through Chromosomal Aberration Test on gill cells in freshwater fish Channa punctatus. Fishes were acclimatized in laboratory and divided into control and experimental groups. Two sublethal concentrations of carbaryl (0.1ppm and 0.5ppm) were identified and experimental fishes were exposed to these concentrations for a period of 144 hrs. Chromosomal aberrations were increased in carbaryl treated group, both were greater at higher concentration of carbaryl. These finding indicate that carbaryl is able to cause genotoxic effects in Channa punctatus.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPEN VERSUS CLOSED METHOD OF CREATING PNEUMOPERITONEUM IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
Authors: Patel Akshar , Desai Shashank
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare open and closed method in terms of time require for creation of pneumoperitoneum and to ascertain safety in laparoscopic surgery.
Methodology: This was a prospective comparative study carried out at a tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to December 2019.We selected 100 patients who were planned for laparoscopic surgery and divided them into two equal groups using the envelop method of randomization. Group A comprised of patients in whom we created pneumoperitoneum by classical veress needle insertion and in Group B by open method.
Results: In our study, the mean time require for closed method was 6.92 minutes while by open method it was 4.36 minutes. Complication rate was 18% in closed and 16% in open method.
Conclusion: open method is quick but comparable to closed method in terms of complications.
Multivaluedness in Networks: Exemplars
Authors: van Wyk Anton , Chen Guanrong , Wong Eric W. M.
Published: December 2020

This brief presents the ﬁrst observations of multivaluedness in four systems: a random process, a nonlinear nondynamical system, a nonlinear dynamical system with nonlinearly sensed input and output and an adaptive linear estimator. The preliminary ﬁndings reported here suggest the impact of multivaluedness in different types of networks to range from adverse to benign or even essential.
Measuring the Voltage Dependence of Current Transformers
Authors: van den Brom Helko , van Leeuwen Ronald , Rietveld Gert , Hoogenboom Dennis
Published: December 2020

A setup has been developed to determine the voltage dependence of the ratio error and phase displacement of current transformers (CTs) used for medium- or high-voltage (HV) applications. A shielded HV cable is used to protect the reference CT for the voltage applied to the CT under test. As a first step, a method was developed to determine and correct for the effect of the leakage current through this cable on the ratio error and phase displacement of the reference CT for voltages up to 24 kV.
DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM USING UAV PATH PLANNING
Authors: DHULKEFL Elaf , DURDU Akif , TERZİOĞLU Hakan
Published: December 2020

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is increasing today. UAVs can be divided into two parts, which are remote controlled and can travel automatically due to a certain battery problem. Recent research has also focused on the development and application of new algorithms to autonomously control these vehicles and determine the shortest flight paths. Together with these researches, UAVs are used in many civil activities such as weather forecasts, environmental studies and traffic control. Three-dimensional (3D) path planning is an important issue for autonomously moving UAVs. The shortest path for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is determined by using two-dimensional (2D) path planning algorithms using the obstacles in the environment, and allows UAVs to perform their environmental tasks as soon as possible. The purpose of this study is to determine the shortest path to the target point and avoiding obstacles for UAVs using the Dijkstra algorithm. It was developed to evaluate the arrival time of the UAVs in the path planning algorithm with the simulation performed in the MATLAB program. In this study, the obstacles were defined for the purpose of the building with different heights and different widths and 2D and 3D models were carried out, assuming that the UAV flies at certain heights. In addition, the flight of the UAVs in the route planning determined in the real applications was carried out and the data such as battery consumption, amount of battery spent, speed, amount of travel were examined.
LEI ANTICORRUPÇÃO BRASILEIRA E INTERFACES COM O CONTROLE SOCIAL
Authors: Azevedo Anna Carolina de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

O enfrentamento da corrupção é um tema que tem adquirido grande relevância nacional e internacionalmente, motivando a celebração de convenções entre os Estados, que tematizam, entre outros aspectos, o papel das pessoas jurídicas em práticas corruptoras e a relevância da participação da sociedade no enfrentamento do problema. Em 2013, oBrasil editou a Lei Federal nº 12.846, conhecida como Lei Anticorrupção, que trata da responsabilização administrativa e civil de pessoas jurídicas por atos lesivos à Administração Pública, comumente associados a práticas de corrupção.Nesse contexto, o presente artigo busca identificar interfaces entre a Lei Anticorrupção e o exercício do controle social, de modo a examinar como essa forma de controle foi incorporada no novo marco normativo. Realiza-se, assim, uma abordagem descritiva e de caráter exploratório, que contempla a revisão bibliográfica das temáticas corrupção, controlesocial e accountability, além da análise das convenções internacionais que tratam da matéria e da referida Lei. Como interfaces mais evidentes, identificam-se o Cadastro Nacional de Empresas Punidas e o fomento a denúncias, que possibilitam, à sociedade, prover os órgãos públicos de informações sobre atos ilícitos e realizar o controle sobre a aplicaçãoda Lei Anticorrupção. Essas interfaces apresentam-se, porém, em caráter embrionário, cuja representação representa um dos desafios das políticas anticorrupção.Palavras-chave: Responsabilização. Controle social. Corrupção. Lei Anticorrupção.
GOVERNANÇA E ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA: o uso de tecnologias para a prevenção da corrupção e promoção da transparência
Authors: Borsio Bataglia Murilo , Farranha Ana Claudia
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo levantar questionamentos sobre a temática da governança no controle da corrupção e a promoção da transparência em meios digitais. Assim, pergunta-se: como entidades do Executivo Federal utilizam as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e internet para prevenir e controlar atos de corrupção? Na tentativa de respondê-la e promover futuras reflexões, metodologicamente foca-se na análise de contexto institucional da CGU, ou seja, no conjunto de regras instituídas pelo órgão, nas competências estabelecidas para os atores, nas formas de monitoramento e avaliação das ações. Tal órgão foi escolhido porque realiza o controle interno do Poder Executivo Federal e cria políticas de prevenção da corrupção. Assim, pela revisão de literatura, lança-se mão do conceito de governança relativo ao meio digital. Focando-se no papel da CGU como ator nesse meio, busca-se responder à pergunta de pesquisa ao realizar levantamento de suas ações e instrumentos digitais. Ao final, propõem-se agendas de pesquisa. Portanto, este trabalho tem caráter exploratório e analítico-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, e interdisci-plinar. Em termos gerais, o conceito de governança utilizado nesse trabalho dá ênfase à natureza colaborativa de atores. Na internet, é adotada a expressão multistakeholder que envolve governos, sociedade, corporações no funcionamento da rede. O governo passa a ser um importante ator de governança na internet, podendo atuar em vertentes, como no enfrentamento à corrupção pela transparência. Assim, constata-se que a CGU possui ações que podem traduzir formas de acesso à informação, entendidas como meios de prevenir corrupção: redes sociais e e-SIC. Do ponto de vista das questões que o trabalho deixa, apontamos as seguintes: como a CGU opera as redes sociais? As tecnologias empregadas no acesso à informação alinham-se a políticas de transparência, interoperabilidade, abertura? Os dados disponibilizados são abertos e estruturados? São questões que levam a refletir se governança, tecnologia, corrupção e transparência estão realmente conectadas. Palavras-chave: governança; TICs; corrupção; transparência.
Acerca de algunas funciones de los keros y los akillas en el Tawantinsuyu incaico y en el Perú colonial
Authors: Ziółkowski Mariusz
Published: December 2020

The decorated keros (wooden libation vases) and the akilla (silver vases) from the colonial period are of extreme importance in the studies of Inca culture. According to Ziółkowski's etymological study here presented the names kero and akilla relate to the material being used, quero or queru meaning wood in Quechua. In the prehispanic period the cups were made of different materials like gold, silver, wood and clay, depending on the owner;s social status. After the prehispanic period availability of metal materials decreased – wood become the most frequently used material. As a move to increase the value and prestige of the keros painted decorations were introduced.

English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski
Changes in liver function in patients with covid-19 and the demographics of the disease in a mid-sized city of Turkey: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Demir Huseyin Avni
Published: December 2020

Objective:  To define the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in ICU and ward and to evaluate the significance of liver function test results. A new disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been devastating the world affecting millions of patients worldwide and leading the significant mortality and morbidity.

Material and Methods: The demographic features of a cohort of 125 hospitalized patients between March 2020 and May 2020 were recorded. The clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and mortality rates were analyzed.

Results: A total of 125 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 diagnosis where 113 (90.4%) were followed-up in the ward and 12 (9.6%) were in ICU were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 44.05±16.95 and 88 (70.4%) of the patients were male. The most common symptoms were in the following order: cough in 80 patients (64%), dyspnea in 40 (32%) and fever in 33 (26.4%). The leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in ICU patients with COVID-19 compared to patients in the ward (p=0.002, p<0.05; respectively). The CRP and D-Dimer levels were found elevated in ICU patients with COVID-19 than in the ward (p<0.05; p<0.05, respectively). The AST level of patients with COVID-19 in ICU was significantly heightened than patients in the ward.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that patients with elevated AST level were at great risk of progressing to severe disease those require close monitoring.
Clinical characteristics and postoperative complications of patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy due to obesity A Single Center Experience
Authors: Patmano Mehmet , Çetin Durmuş Ali , Gümüş Tufan , Elkan Hasan
Published: December 2020

Objective:   Obesity, which is considered as a chronic disease today, has become an epidemic problem especially in developed countries. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently one of the most common bariatric procedures in obesity treatment. This study aimse aims to present our demographic, clinical, histopathological and postoperative early and late complications of patients who underwent LSG.

Material and Methods: Patients who underwent LSG due to obesity between March 2018 and December 2019 in our clinic were included in the study. The patients' age, gender, comorbid diseases, preoperative body mass index (BMI) and length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and pathology results were recorded retrospectively.

Results: Of the 278 patients included in the study, 201 (72.3%) were female, 77 (27.6%) were male and the mean age was 36.2 (min: 18-max: 60 years). The mean BMI of the patients was 46.4 (min: 35.2-max: 75.1). The average hospital stay of the patients was 4.2 days (3-13 days). When the early and late complications of the patients are examined; It was observed that 25 (8.9%) patients developed early postoperative complications, and 2 (0.7%) patients developed late postoperative complications.

Conclusion: LSG is a reliable surgical method with low mortality and morbidity rates. It is important that we do not have mortality and that our morbidity is within acceptable limits. Bariatric surgery is an effective and reliable application in the treatment of obesity and metabolic surgery today, in terms of its results, if the right patient is selected and performed in experienced centers.
Correlation between severity of diabetes mellitus, polyneuropathy and nasal mucociliary clearance
Authors: Unsal Mirac Aysen , Bulgurcu Suphi
Published: December 2020

Objective:  To examine the relationship between the severity of polyneuropathy and nasal mucociliary clearance times in patients with polyneuropathy and investigate how the presence and severity of electrophysiological polyneuropathy might affect mucociliary clearance in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Neurol-ogy and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) clinics in a tertiary hospital.  The study included three groups of patients with 20 participants in each group (Group 1, patients with diabetic poly-neuropathy; Group 2, patients with non-diabetic polyneuropathy; and Group 3, diabetes melli-tus patients with a normal nerve conduction study) Nasal saccharin test was performed on all patients.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of nasal mucociliary clearance among the groups (p= 0.001). There was a positive, statistically significant (p = 0.007) correlation between the nasal mucociliary clearance duration and the severity of poly-neuropathy. The nasal mucociliary clearance duration increased with the severity of polyneuropathy.

Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus are a special group, and preventable problems should be taken into consideration when examining nasal pathologies. It should be kept in mind that nasal mucociliary clearance dysfunction can be both a cause and a result in management of diabetes mellitus patients, and thus it should be evaluated carefully.
Antifungal Activity of Topical Formulation Containing Artemisia Herba Alba Asso Essential Oil
Authors: Boukhennoufa Asma , Maizi Yamina , Tir Touil Meddah Aicha , Meddah Boumediene
Published: December 2020

Given the increase in antibiotic resistance phenomena and the undesirable effects of synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are used as a direct or indirect source of the active ingredients. Our research constitutes a development of essential oils from Artemisia herba alba Asso cultivated in the Mascara region. A hydrophobic ointment has been formulated based on this essential oil and tested against five strains of Candida albicans. Several physicochemical and microbiological tests were used to verify the quality and the toxicity of the product. Then, the determination of the antifungal activity of this preparation was assessed against five strains of Candida albicans (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) by the disk-diffusion agar method. The results revealed that this preparation was devoid of total aerobic germs, yeasts and molds.  However, the pH value was found equal to 5.98.  In addition, the irritation primary index was marked less than 0.5. The ointment was powerful against S1, S3, S4 and S5 strains with inhibition diameters ranging from 16± 4 mm to 23 ± 2 mm. The Nystatin ointment was observed active against strains S2, S4 and S5 with diameters of the zones of inhibition; 21 ± 2 mm, 21± 1 mm and 20 ± 3 mm respectively. The ointment formulated with essential oil from Artemisia herba alba asso has proven useful against candidiasis caused by Candida albicans species.
Optimization of Design and Operational Parameters of a Soil-Dispensing Machine for Preparing Seedling Tray
Authors: Azmon Hafidha , Mail Mohd Fazly , Hassan Basri Mohd Shukry , Abdul Rahman Norahshekin , Ab Rahim Siti Ashah
Published: December 2020

The conventional method of soil filling into nursery trays before seeding is known to be the most inexpensive approach prior to planting vegetables. However, this activity is very labourious and time-consuming if the operation is meant for high volume seeding. This study is done to develop soil-dispensing machine, evaluate its performance and to compare with traditional practice of soil filling into the nursery tray. The optimization of each parameter is also evaluated to obtain the exact volume of soil to fill the nursery tray to the fullest. A low-cost soil dispensing machine is developed in MARDI and it is using locally materials available in the market. The structure of the machine is fabricated using mild-steel and stainless-steel at the less cost. The machine consists of a conveyor, nursery tray holder, soil dispenser, scrapper, soil compactor, wiper motors, gears, microcontroller and sensors. There are three factors with two levels involve in this test; hopper angle, conveyor speed and auger speed. The hopper angles are evaluated at 45° and 65° while conveyor speeds are tested at 19 cm/s and 21 cm/s. The minimum and maximum speed of auger selected is 3.5 cm/s and 4.5 cm/s, respectively. Manual filling of soil into seedling tray was compared with filling soil using semi-automatic operated soil-dispenser. The results indicated that the model is significant with p-value <0.0001. Conveyor speed, auger speed and hopper angle were significant on the volume of soil dispensed with both speeds shows a p-value <0.0001, while hopper angle shows p-value equal to 0.00112. The combination of both speeds greatly affected the response with p-value <0.0001. There is no interaction between each speed and the hopper angle. From the optimization analysis, the operating conveyor speed, auger speed and angle of hopper should be set at 19.0 cm/s, 4.5 cm/s and 65° to discharge 2912 cm3 soil. In order to dispense 1190 cm3 of soil, conveyor speed, auger speed and hopper angle should be set at 21 cm/s, 4.3 cm/s and 50°. The result indicated that the machine can complete the seeding and soil filling process within 1 min per tray, while manual process took five minutes to complete the whole seeding process.
Contributions of Agricultural Economics Research towards Sustainable Natural Resources
Authors: Mohd Nawi Nolila , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty
Published: December 2020

The global concerns on sustainability issues such as scarcity of natural resources, rapid environmental degradation, intense international competitions, and imbalanced of social equities are increasing, resulting in growing attention towards sustainable use of natural resources, especially in the agriculture sector. Natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable are a part of the real wealth for a nation which can contribute towards fiscal revenue, income, and poverty reduction (OECD, 2011). In the agriculture sector, natural resources can be used to provide occupations in enhancing the livelihoods of the poorer communities.
Role of Linguistics Teachers in the Development of Socio-Communicative and Ethico-Sociability Skills among University Students of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Dr. Ghani Rahman  , Dr. Syed Shujaat Ali  , Mr. Tariq Amin
Published: December 2020

Individuals’ ethical sociability and communicational skills enjoy core importance in their societal and organizational functioning. Generally, a fear is felt regarding the students doing MA English, at the universities of Pakhtunkhwa province; the fear is that the students who do MA English leads to weakening of their practice of their socio-cultural values. This apprehension was looked into by analyzing the role that particular, the teachers of Linguistics can play in the transmission, preservation, and promotion of their socio-cultural values; the teachers can help the learners develop an understanding of sociability skills and appropriate socio-communicative skills. The socio-cultural sphere was delimited to the aspects of ethico-sociability and socio-communicative skills. Three public sector universities, namely Gomal University, Kohat University, and Bannu University, from south Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province served as the universe of the study. Students studying at master’s Level in their Departments of English, served as research population, for evaluating the teachers’ role, in the promotion of ethico-sociability and socio-communicative skills. The data was collected through the interview method. Results show that most of the teachers of Linguistics promote the learners’ understanding of social etiquette, social norms, and expectations of politeness, appropriacy, communicative competence, cultural transmission, effective communication, and sociability skills.
Comparative Analysis of Urdu and English Texts of “Subh-e-Azadi” by Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Authors: Liaqat Ali Mohsin  , Sadia Asif  , Muhammad Imran Afzal
Published: December 2020

The translation of a poetic work is difficult because it needs to transfer poetic strategies, rhyme, and rhythm, and complex themes. Therefore, the translation lacks many structural and thematic features of the source text. The comparative translational analysis of a poem explores all these features and evaluates the translation in comparison to the source language (SL. The present study is the comparative analysis of Urdu text and English translated text of a milestone of “Subh-e-Azadi” by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, translated by Agha Shahid with the title “Dawn of Freedom” under the domain of Peter Newmark’s model of translation. The poem was written in the backdrop of the creation of Pakistan with the dominant theme of lack of accomplishment of the promised dawn of equality, justice, and freedom. This article is a comprehensive account of the comparative analysis of both texts of the poem about strategies and procedures of translation, thematic and structural variations, translation shifts or transpositions, transference of meanings, and semantic variations.
The Pandemic of COVID-19 and Policy Responses by Major Powers
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Tariq  , Dr. Imtiaz Ahmad  , Suhrab Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The pandemic of COVID-19 created great havoc in the whole world through its fast penetration. The virus, after hitting China, soon penetrated the world at a very fast pace. The pandemic crippled the economic structure of the world compelling them for prompt action.  Though some countries had to adopt strategies for the recovery of their economies either through V-shaped or through U-shaped recovery, yet it would have far-reaching consequences on their economies. Every country had to make the best use of its available resources for protecting the health as well as the economic sector. The most affected ones were the major powers particularly the United States and European Powers besides some other countries of Asia. The focus of this paper is on the adherence to SOPs and different economic and relief packages by the major powers for the survival of their countries and the restoration of the economies.
Effect of High-Stakes Exams on Creative Writing Skills of ESL Learners in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Mahmood  , Mobashra Mobeen  , Sajid Abbas
Published: December 2020

Creative writing owns an important place in the education system. It enlightens creativity and boosts critical thinking among students. Therefore, it appears to be a ruling skill. Knowing that conventional high-stakes examination leaves a key impact on teaching and learning, the present study was designed to identify the effect of high-stakes exams on creative writing skills of secondary level students of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Pakistan. For this, the content of a series of seven English tests by 8th, 9th, and 10th graders (separately) taken in one of the two spans of private coaching at a renowned tuition center for preparation of high-stakes exams was analyzed to see incremental change in students’ creative writing abilities. Analysis discovered that the whole of students’ content was mere replicas of ready-made notes except few traces of original effort by students only in the beginning. It was revealed that the system of examination is producing crammers rather than developing real writing skills among students. The study recommended that the examination should include such writing tasks as should gear the education system to develop original creative writing skills among students.
Effects of Differential Approach on Motivation and Performance of Diverse Learners at Secondary Level in Punjab
Authors: Mrs. Asif-Un-Nisa  , Dr. Munnaza Ambreen
Published: December 2020

The present study determines the impact of differentiated instructional strategy on motivation and performance of diverse learners at the secondary level in terms of socioeconomic backgrounds, abilities & learning styles. The study was experimental, and the design of the study was Pre-test, Post-test control group. For this purpose, 70 students of class IX were selected randomly out of 175 students at Government Girls High School who were selected from District Rawalpindi. Two heterogeneous groups having an equal number of students were made. The students in the control group were taught by a conventional approach whereas differential technique was applied in the experimental group. For data collection, two instruments "Learning Style Inventory" by Brett Bixler (1998) and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) by Valleranad (1992) were adopted by the researcher. Learning Style Inventory was used to know the learning style of the students and AMS was administered to measure the motivational level of the diverse learners. The Alpha reliability coefficient was .82 for learning style Inventory and .88 for AMS. Data were analyzed on SPSS by applying means, standard deviation, t-test, and multiple linear regressions. The study showed that there were statistically non- significant differences between the pre-test and post-test on motivation of the control group. However, there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test on motivation and academic achievement of the experimental group. It was recommended that the use of differentiated instruction by the teacher be adopted for increasing motivation and improving academic scores of diverse learners at the secondary level.
Rice Production Determinants and Income Role for the Poverty Reduction in District Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Azad Ali Khatyan  , Prof. Dr. Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto  , Dr. Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo
Published: December 2020

Poverty is a chronic problem in Pakistan. More than 25 percent of the population is still living below the poverty line. In Pakistan, rural poverty is more than urban poverty. More than 65 percent of the population is living in rural areas. They depend on farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the variables for the more production of rice crops which will increase the income of farmers and it will reduce the poverty from the farmers. The study calculated the average household income of the farmers. The area of this study was District Larkana. A Stratified sample technique was used for the sample from the four Taluka, a sample size of 100 farmers were selected. The data were analyzed by using the cobb-Douglas production function in the log transform method. Demographic results showed that farmers are less educated. The family size was mostly large and they are experienced. The average incomes of the farmers were 53960. The results of the regression revealed that model data is valid with Cronbach's alpha 0.69. Adjusted R-square 0.91 shows good variation due to selected variables. The model is significant at 0.000 values. All variables plow, fertilizer, seed Pest, Labor, Education, and experiences have a positive impact on rice production which is important for farmers’ income.
Effective Evaluation of Teachers’ Non-verbal Behaviour in Classrooms
Authors: Dr. Mahrukh Shakir
Published: December 2020

This study attempts to develop a comprehensive scale or instrument for measurement or evaluation of teachers’ non-verbal behavior based on a review of a range of relevant literature. The theoretical proposition in literature argues that teacher's immediacy behavior directly influences students' motivation, which in turn influences students’ learning. Given the literature report of the high influence of teachers’ behavior on learners’ motivation and ultimately learning, it was deemed important to develop such a scale which could evaluate how teacher’s behavior affects students' motivation in a classroom setting, to the benefit of the relevant stakeholders. This could be better determined by students' motivation through their perceptions and interpretations of such behavior. To this end, a sample of 51 students, including 22 males and 28 females was drawn from a public sector university in Pakistan. Significance and conclusion of the study are drawn, and suggestions are put forth based on research made in this study.
Internal Locus of Control, Task, and Contextual Performance in Multinational Organisations
Authors: Dr. Bilal Anwar  , Dr. Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman  , Riaz Hussain Ansari
Published: December 2020

The study investigates the association of employees’ internal locus of control, employees’ contextual and task performance. Survey questionnaires were gathered from middle-level managers from the banking sector of Pakistan. Regressions analysis was utilized to inspect the impacts of internal locus of control on two dimensions of employees’ performance. Results demonstrate that middle-level managers internal locus of control emphatically impact task performance; internal locus of control uncovers a negative impact on employees’ contextual performance. Besides, a person possessing an internal locus of control may experience a higher positive impact on employee task performance.
Textbook Analysis of Pakistan Studies and Islamiyat for Character-building Virtues at Secondary Level
Authors: Waqar Ahmad  , Dr. Wazim Khan  , Dr. Abdul Ghaffar
Published: December 2020

Character building is one of the major aims of education and therefore must be integrated across all the aspects of the school curriculum. At the Secondary level compulsory subjects particularly Islamiyat and Pakistan studies are greatly emphasized by the educational policies of Pakistan to instill a set of character virtues in the learners. The major objective behind the study was to analyze the efficacy of Pakistan Studies and Islamiyat textbooks for Secondary level in harmony to character-building endeavor. The method of content analyses of the qualitative approach was adopted for this study. Findings of the analysis depict more representation of moral, civic, and intellectual virtues, while less attention towards performance type virtues of character by the subjects. Textbook of Pakistan studies was found slightly better than Islamiyat due to some advanced features. Lopsided focus towards various types of character virtues, non-intimation of learning outcomes, lack of proper teacher's guidance regarding use of suitable strategies, learning activities, and assessment procedure supportive in character building process were found as weak areas of the textbooks. It was recommended that learning outcomes, teacher guidance, better exercise questions, practical activities, and appropriate focus towards various virtues of character particularly performance virtues may be ensured in the textbooks.
The Influence of Political Advertisements on Voter's Intention in Pakistan
Authors: Faisal Aziz  , Dr. Fawad Baig
Published: December 2020

Pakistani media Advertising has gotten more compelling and persuasive in the field of Political correspondence. This research work elaborates the insight about political ads on the democratic expectation of Pakistani electors during the general elections of 2018. The universe for the investigation is the 200 male and female enrolled electors of Sargodha Zone. This paper likewise investigates and analyses the impact of emotional standards, singular mentality, and sentiments toward Political Advertising. There are two medium selected Electronics medium and social media. Selected Electronics Media channels to access political advertising are Geo News, Dunya News, and Express-News although selected Social media Sites are Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. The data was gathered through well designed quantitative using survey technique. According to the results, the impact was being estimated and it seemed that there is a positive correlation between political Adson elector's goals. The apparatus for the quantitative methodology would be a poll for gathering the information. In the investigation, there are two Variables, political Advertising is the independent variable, and citizens' aim is the dependent variable. Political Advertising is a type of battling utilized by the political possibility to reach and impact electors. The democratic expectation alludes to the mentality, conviction, and estimation of the elector's considerations.
Issues Faced by the Cochlear Implanted Students in the Mainstream Classes: An Analysis of Perspectival Accounts of Primary School Teachers
Authors: Qurratulain Ershad  , Dr. Sumaira Noreen
Published: December 2020

Learning to write is developmentally essential for nurturing literate children; its inability creates a huge barrier so is true for cochlear implanted students who face several challenges in terms of literacy and language development proficiency. It is a big challenge for any child with any kind of disability especially a listening disability to cope in the mainstream classroom with their peers and the communities where they live. And so is true for teachers of mainstream classes in their efforts towards classroom learning in a comfortable environment for such students. These papers aim at investigating perceptions and the problems faced by the primary teachers while teaching CI students in the mainstream classes. The study adopted qualitative methodology and the sample was purposively selected comprising of seven primary teachers who had CI students in their respective classes and were teaching them. Semi-structured interviews to determine the perceptions and the problems they encounter during the teaching-learning process. The semi-structured interview schedule consisted of twenty-four questions that were grouped into four major themes of the study. The results highlighted the importance of teachers' awareness, their training, and the use of differentiated instructions to help CI learners to cope in the mainstream classroom to their maximum potential.
Impact of Gender on Emotional Intelligence of University Teachers in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Dr. Shazia Kanwal  , Dr. Hafiz Inam  , Dr. Farooq Nawaz Khan
Published: December 2020

There are some stereotypical roles, characteristics, and traits associated with different genders. All genders are being linked with certain emotional states. In the context of the Pakistani scenario which is considered as a patriarchal society, the male gender is regarded as a dominant being and has certain traits like strength, confidence, decision making, and power connected with this gender. Conventionally, the female gender is considered to be very emotional, sensitive, lack confidence and decision making skills. The present study focuses on to find out the existing ground realities, if these gender connected traits have any kind of effect on their performance and effectiveness at workplaces. The proposed research purpose is to investigate the effect of gender on teacher's emotional intelligence at higher educational institutions of district Peshawar. The researcher selected three public universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using cluster sampling technique and using stratified sampling technique SRMEI was administered proportionally to the selected university teachers (female= 59, male= 106) to assess their emotional intelligence. SRMEI comprises three subscales: emotional self-awareness, emotional self-regulation, and interpersonal relationship. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 20 software. The researcher applied a T-Test to investigate the effect of gender on the EI skills of teachers. The study discovered a fact that teachers' (female gender) mean score (M= 3.71, SD= .212) was significantly higher than that of male (M= 2.38, SD=.455) on a factor only i.e. interpersonal skills. While both gender groups display similar results on the remaining two facets of Emotional Intelligence (EI) was concerned.
Positive Psychological Functioning as Mediator in the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Burnout
Authors: Memoona Shaheen  , Prof. Dr. Zainab Bibi  , Prof. Dr. Jahanvash Karim
Published: December 2020

The main objective of the current research was to explore the role of positive psychological functioning as a mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and job burnout. The sample consisted of 382 faculty members of the public and private sector educational institutions (teaching faculty of universities) from Pakistan, selected through the non-probability sampling technique (convenient sampling strategy). To measure the hypothesized model, Partial Least Square and Process Macro (SPSS-26) was applied. Results revealed an inverse and significant link between self-compassion and employees' job burnout. Results also revealed that positive psychological functioning dimensions: happiness, curiosity and exploration, personal growth initiative, positive affect, and optimism partially mediate the relationship between self-compassion and employees' job burnout. The results pointed out the significance of self-compassion in repressing employees' job burnout in the presence of positive psychological functioning as a mediator. Research limitations and implications are also discussed in this study.
Gender, Family, and Politics of Inheritance in Pakistan
Authors: Shahla Tabassum  , Dr. Amber Ferdoos  , Dr. Akhlaq Ahmad
Published: December 2020

There are a huge global and local gender gap in inheritance property. Men hold most material and land resources in communities and families as compared to women. Ownership of inheritance property is one indicator of the empowerment of women. This paper examines the power politics played around inheritance property within families in Pakistan. By using a qualitative interpretative feminist approach, data were collected from thirty men and women from rural and urban areas of Rawalpindi and Chakwal districts. The findings revealed that power played a very important role within the families to keep inheritance property to men. The findings further highlighted that gender ideologies are produced in the family through socialization and reproduced socially through gender stereotypes, beliefs, and social opinions to keep inheritance property within families. The researchers argue that inheritance property within the families is political that embedded power and it is ignored often when men hold power to women and children. This paper proposes to reflect upon the power of men as head of the household in the family in the context of inheritance property.
Energetik təhlükəsizliyin davamlı təminatinda karbohidrogen resurslarının nüvə potensilaına çevrilməsi alternativliyi
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Azərbaycanda enerji istehsalı əksərən karbohidrogen yanacağından istifadə əsasında reallaşır. Ölkədə bol karbohidrogen ehtiyatlarının olmasına baxmayaraq, belə proses resursların tükənmə amilinə istinadən təbii ki, sonsuz ola bilməz. Karbohidrogen potensialının izafilik faktoru isə öz növbəsində respublikada Milli Neft Fondunun təsisini labüd etmişdir. Burada transformasiya prosesi başlıca olaraq kapital yığımı, sosial investisiya ilə yanaşı maliyyə törədən və məşğulluğu təmin edən yeni istehsal aktivlərinin yaradılmasına köklənmişdir. Lakin gerçəklik ondan ibarətdir ki, istehsal amilləri, xüsusən də enerji resursları silsiləsində iqtisadi problemləri yalnız maliyyə kapitalı ilə həll etmək mümkün deyildir. Digər tərəfdən maliyyə kapitalı infrastruktur və istehsal kapitalına nisbətdə yüksək inflyasiya meyillidir. Buna görə də, Milli Neft Fondu kapitalının yetərli hissəsini respublikanın fasiləsiz enerji təminatçısına çevirən mənbələrin yaradılmasına səfərbər edilməsi zərurəti meydana çıxır. Fasiləsizliyin təminatında isə nüvə enerjisi istehsalı stansiyalarının tikintisi qlobal baxımdan və strateji cəhətdən daha müqabil hesab edilir.
Milli enerji strategiyası: konseptual əsaslandırmalar və persperktivlər
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Qlobal iqtisadi artım hər il yüksələn enerji resurslarının mənimsənilməsi ilə təmin olunur. Genişlənən iqtisadi miqyaslar yeni enerji potensiallı əraziləri istehlak obyektinə çevirir. Təbii enerji sərvətlərinin geoloji nağdlılığı çağdaş zamanda strateji əhəmiyyətini artıraraq əsas siyasi güc, iqtisadi qüdrət elementlərindən biri sayılır. Enerji resurslarının məhdud və ya istisna olmasına baxmayaraq hər bir ölkə enerji təhlükəsizliyi problemi ilə qarşılaşır. Elə buna görə də, müasir dünyada iqtisadiyyatın yanacaq-enerji resursları ilə təchizatı və enerji effektliyi dövlətin inkişaf səviyyəsinin mühüm indikator göstəricilərindən biri hesab olunur. Azərbaycan Respublikası da perspektivlik baxımından karbohidrogen təyinatlı enerji resurslarının bol olduğu dünya regionları sırasındadır. Təkcə respublikaya mənsub Xəzər şelfində karbohidrogen ehtiyatlarının kommulyativ həcmi hesablamalara görə 3-4 və hətta proqnoztik baxımdan 5-7 milyard ton təşkil edir. Buraya quru ərazilərdə aşkarlanmış və perspektiv potensial ehtiyatların 1 milyard ton şərti yanacağa ekvivalent miqdarı da əlavə olunduqda ümumi toplumda orta hesabla adambaşına 1000 ton həcmində karbohidrogen resursları düşür. Müqayisədə bu göstərici Azərbaycana planetin 10-15 ən qüdrətli mühüm neft-qaz potensiallı ölkələri sırasında yer verir. Bununla belə, neft-qaz resurslarından başqa respublikamızda digər təbii enerji mənbələri də yetərli və perspektivlik baxımından ümüdvericidir. Günəşli və küləkli ərazi ayrıca energetik mənbə kimi ölkədə alternativ enerji ehtiyatları yaratmağa geniş imkanlar açır. Çayların, termal suların ehtiyatlarından daha rasional istifadə etməklə bu potensial bir qədər də artır.
Maliyyə nəzarətinin gücləndirilməsində “effektivlik auditi”nin rolu
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

"Şəffaflığın artırılması və korrupsiyaya qarşı mübarizə üzrə Milli Strategiya"nın məqsəd və məramının əsas prinsiplərindən biri kimi respublikada audit institutunun təkmilləşdirilməsi çıxış edir. Bu prinsipiallıq həm də ondan irəli gəlir ki, korrupsiyaya qarşı mübarizədə audit institutu uğurlu sınaq keçərək daim özünün kəsərli olan səmərəli metod və mexanizmləri ilə ön sırada dayanır. Korrupsiya keyfiyyət və kəmiyyət dəyişikliklərinə uğradıqca audit də ona adekvat sistemdə təşkilatlanır, strategiya və taktikasını kamilləşdirərək daha da möhkəmlənir. Auditin korrupsiyaya qarşı mübarizədə yeni konsepsiyasının əsasını effektivlik strategiyası təşkil edir. Ötən əsrin 70-ci illərində Kanadada təşəkkil tapan, «Effektivlik auditi» adlanan bu strategiya uzun tarixi bir aprobasiya keçərək, müasir məqamda yeni nəfəsdə qlobal intişarını genişlənsdirməkdədir.
Regional məşğulluğun təminatının yaxşılaşdırılması istiqamətləri
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Bazar iqtisadiyyatı quruculuğu və onun genişləndirilməsi bütün keçid ölkələrində makroiqtisadi problemlərlə müşayiət olunur. Bu problemlər içərisində müasir cəmiyyətin əsas sosial fenomeni - işsizliyin aradan qaldırılması və məşğulluğun təminat səviyyəsinin artırılması daha kəskin mürəkkəbliklər yaradır. Struktur çərçivədə isə məşğulluq problemi özünü daha sərt regional aspektdə göstərir. Eyni xüsusiyyət bazar təsisatlarını genişləndirən Azərbaycanda da ümumi və qismən xarakterik olan spesifik cəhətlərlə təzahür edir. Bu cəhətləri üstün tutaraq bölgələrin tarazlı inkişafına nail olmaq, məşğulluq səviyyəsini yüksəltmək, inteqrasiyanı genişləndirmək məqsədi ilə ölkədə prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi altında praqmatizmə əsaslanan yeni regional strategiya həyata keçirilir və onun tərkib hissəsi kimi «Azərbaycan Respublikası regionlarının sosial-iqtisadi inkişafı Dövlət Proqramı (2004-2008-ci illər)» reallaşdırılır. Bunun bariz nəticəsidir ki, gerçəkləşdirilən strategiya əsasında bölgələrdə məqsədyönlü infrastrukrtur yenidənqurması aparılmış, tikinti quruculuq işləri vüsətlənmiş, yeni istehsal-xidmət sahələri yaradılaraq proqram üzrə nəzərdə tutulan 600 min iş yerinin açılışı təmin edilmişdir. Bununla belə, yeni tələblər miqyaslı, davamlı multiplikativ effekt yaradan geniş rəqabət imkanlı, sosial-iqtisadi təminatlı daha strateji tutumlu quruculuq işlərinin görülməsini önə çıxarır. Rəqabətədavamlı istehsal, xidmət sahələrinin, perspektivli iş yerlərinin genişliklə açılışına nail olmaq isə beynəlxalq almədə mövcud proqressiv təcrübənin ənənəvi keyfiyyətlərə, yerli iqtisadi faktorlara əsaslanan təməldə təhlilini və bundan irəli gələn müvafiq nəzəri ümumiləşdirmələrin aparılmasını zəruri edir.
Milli neft sektorunda neftin keyfiyyət bankının yaradılması effektivliyi
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Neftin keyfiyyət bankının milli sektorda yaradılması ölkənin neft istehsalçıları üçün də çox mühüm iqtisadi əhəmiyyət daşıyır. Belə ki, dünya bazarında mövcud əksər neft çeşidlərindən üstünlüyü ilə seçilən Azərbaycan nefti ölkənin 57 neft yatağı silsiləsində də fərqli xüsusiyyətlərə malikdir. Hazırda köhnə istismar zonasında hasil edilən neft emala yararlılıq baxımından üç standart üzrə müəyyənləşdirilir. Statistik məlumatlara görə ölkədə təhvil nefti əsasən standartın üstün olan I qrupuna aid edilir. Lakin ayrı-ayrı neftqazçıxama idarələri üzrə bu fərq kəskin təzadlıdır. Belə ki, son illərdə orta göstəricidə «Bibi-Heybətneft» və «Balaxanıneft» NQÇİ-lərdə 90-95%, «Qum adası» və «Siyəzənneft» NQÇİ-lərdə isə 35-70% arası standartın I qrupu üzrə məhsul təhvili həyata keçirilir. Təhvil standartında iqtisadi stimul nəzərdə tutulsa da, belə vəziyyət geniş çevrədə keyfiyyətlilik ölçüsünü dolğun əks etdirmir və neftin çeşidlənməsinə olan marağı azaldaraq müəssisələr arası sağlam rəqabəti məhdudlaşdırır. Bundan başqa müxtəlif çeşidli məhsullar keyfiyyət kateqoriyasına uyğun olaraq dəqiq qiymətləndirilmədiyindən renta disproporsiyası dərinləşir, bununla da istehsalçı əməyi tam layiqli qiymətini tapa bilmir. Bu aspekt xarici bazarlara çıxışda da təsir gücünü nümayiş etdirir.
Enerji təhlükəsizliyi anlayışının elmi interpretasiyası
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Məqalələr / ENERJİ TƏHLÜKƏSİZLİYİ ANLAYIŞININ ELMİ İNTERPRETASİYASI 20.12.2011 i.e.d., prof. E.M.Hacızadə Enerji yalnız mexaniki güc mənbəyi deyil, o həm də insanın təsəsərrüfat fəaliyyəti və məişətində ona zəruri xidmətlər göstərən vasitədir. Bu gün hamıya aydındır ki, enerji qlobal bir əmtəəyə çevrilmişdır. Onun formalaşdırdığı müvafiq bazar sistemi isə bir çox parametrlərdə maliyyə bazarını belə üstələmişdir. Sivilizasiyanın indiki çağında enerjiyə bu gün bəşəriyyətin ən ümdə bir varlıq məsələsi olaraq baxılır. Gələcək həyatımız da məhz əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə onun mövcudluğundan asılı olacaqdır. Enerjiyə tələb təminatlığı hər bir ölkənin, regionun enerji təhlükəsizliyinə əsaslanaraq apadığı enerji strategiyasında təcəssüm olunur. Bəs «enerji təhlükəsizliyi» özü hansı mətləbləri çağırışlı edir, nəyi ölçüləndirir, nələri əsaslandırır və nəhayət, onun strateji biçimi nədən ibarət olur?