bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of distance between hospitals and volume of shared admissions
Authors: Turbow Sara D. , Uppal Teg , Chang Howard H. , Ali Mohammed K.
Published: December 2022

Background

To assess whether decreasing distance between hospitals was associated with the number of shared patients (patients with an admission to one hospital and a readmission to another).

Methods

Data were from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s State Inpatient Databases (Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Utah [2017], New York, Vermont [2016]) and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey (2016 & 2017). This was a cross-sectional analysis of patients who had an index admission and subsequent readmission at different hospitals within the same year. We used unadjusted and adjusted linear regression to evaluate the association between the number of shared patients and the distance between admission-readmission hospital pairs.

Results

There were 691 hospitals in the sample (247 in Florida, 151 in Georgia, 50 in Maryland, 172 in New York, 58 in Utah, and 13 in Vermont), accounting for a total of 596,772 admission-readmission pairs. 32.6% of the admission-readmission pairs were shared between two hospitals. On average, a one-mile decrease in distance between two hospitals was associated with of 3.05 (95% CI, 3.02, 3.07) more shared admissions. However, variability between states was wide, with Utah having 0.37 (95% CI 0.35, 0.39) more shared admissions between hospitals per one-mile shorter distance, and Maryland having 4.98 (95% CI 4.87, 5.08) more.

Conclusions

We found that proximity between hospitals is associated with higher volumes of shared admissions.
Reactivation of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Jiang Lili , Wang Huiqi , Huang Yaping , Liang Hanying , Wang Xiaodong , Fan Jun
Published: December 2022

We report a case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in a renal transplant recipient. Reactivation manifested as an occult infection with detectable HBV-DNA and negativity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The anti-HBs antibody titre was above the protective threshold and continued to rise, to 951.36 mIU/ml, after HBV reactivation. Sequencing revealed multiple vaccine- and diagnostic-escape mutations in the major hydrophilic region of HBsAg. This case demonstrates both reactivation of an HBV escape mutant in a vaccinated patient and host immunity after virus mutation.
Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid production: a review of the limitations and advantages of current methodologies
Authors: Liu Guojun , Ladrón-de-Guevara Antonio , Izhiman Yara , Nedergaard Maiken , Du Ting
Published: December 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential and critical component of the central nervous system (CNS). According to the concept of the “third circulation” originally proposed by Cushing, CSF is mainly produced by the choroid plexus and subsequently leaves the cerebral ventricles via the foramen of Magendie and Luschka. CSF then fills the subarachnoid space from whence it disperses to all parts of the CNS, including the forebrain and spinal cord. CSF provides buoyancy to the submerged brain, thus protecting it against mechanical injury. CSF is also transported via the glymphatic pathway to reach deep interstitial brain regions along perivascular channels; this CSF clearance pathway promotes transport of energy metabolites and signaling molecules, and the clearance of metabolic waste. In particular, CSF is now intensively studied as a carrier for the removal of proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, such as amyloid-β and tau. Despite this key function of CSF, there is little information about its production rate, the factors controlling CSF production, and the impact of diseases on CSF flux. Therefore, we consider it to be a matter of paramount importance to quantify better the rate of CSF production, thereby obtaining a better understanding of CSF dynamics. To this end, we now review the existing methods developed to measure CSF production, including invasive, noninvasive, direct, and indirect methods, and MRI-based techniques. Depending on the methodology, estimates of CSF production rates in a given species can extend over a ten-fold range. Throughout this review, we interrogate the technical details of CSF measurement methods and discuss the consequences of minor experimental modifications on estimates of production rate. Our aim is to highlight the gaps in our knowledge and inspire the development of more accurate, reproducible, and less invasive techniques for quantitation of CSF production.
CropPainter: an effective and precise tool for trait-to-image crop visualization based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Duan Lingfeng , Wang Zhihao , Chen Hongfei , Fu Jinyang , Wei Hanzhi , Geng Zedong , Yang Wanneng
Published: December 2022

Background

Virtual plants can simulate the plant growth and development process through computer modeling, which assists in revealing plant growth and development patterns. Virtual plant visualization technology is a core part of virtual plant research. The major limitation of the existing plant growth visualization models is that the produced virtual plants are not realistic and cannot clearly reflect plant color, morphology and texture information.

Results

This study proposed a novel trait-to-image crop visualization tool named CropPainter, which introduces a generative adversarial network to generate virtual crop images corresponding to the given phenotypic information. CropPainter was first tested for virtual rice panicle generation as an example of virtual crop generation at the organ level. Subsequently, CropPainter was extended for visualizing crop plants (at the plant level), including rice, maize and cotton plants. The tests showed that the virtual crops produced by CropPainter are very realistic and highly consistent with the input phenotypic traits. The codes, datasets and CropPainter visualization software are available online.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our method provides a completely novel idea for crop visualization and may serve as a tool for virtual crops, which can assist in plant growth and development research.
Risk factors for deep surgical site infection following surgically treated peri-ankle fractures: a case–control study based on propensity score matching
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Meng Jinghong , Sun Tao , Wan Zihan , Qin Shiji , Zhang Fengqi , Hou Zhiyong
Published: December 2022

Aims

This study aims to identify the risk factors for deep surgical site infection (DSSI) following surgically treated peri-ankle fractures.

Methods

We performed a retrospective case–control study using the propensity score matching (PSM) method in 1:2 ratio, based on the 6 baseline variables, including age, gender, living area, insurance type, fracture location and surgical date. Data on patients who underwent surgical treatment of peri-ankle fractures were collected by inquiring their hospitalization medical records and operative records, as well as the laboratory reports. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for DSSI.

Results

A total of 2147 patients were eligibly included and 74 had a DSSI, indicating an incidence rate of 3.4%. After PSM, 70 cases of DSSI and 140 controls without DSSI were matched, constituting the study cohort. The univariate analyses showed significant differences between groups in terms of history of any surgery, time to operation, surgical wound classification, smoking, alcohol drinking, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit (%). The conditional logistic regression analysis showed time to operation of < 4 or > 9 (vs 4–9 days); unclean wound, current smoking, high-energy injury mechanism and lower hematocrit were independent risk factors for DSSI.

Conclusions

Timely modification of smoking and hematocrit (%), and limiting operation within a rational time frame for an optimized soft tissue condition, may provide potential clinical benefits for SSI prevention.
Treatment needs of dementia with Lewy bodies according to patients, caregivers, and physicians: a cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study in Japan
Authors: Hashimoto Mamoru , Manabe Yuta , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Toya Shunji , Ikeda Manabu
Published: December 2022

Background

Understanding the treatment needs of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is essential to develop treatment strategies. We examined the treatment needs of patients with DLB and their caregivers and the extent to which the attending physicians understand these treatment needs.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted using questionnaires for patients, caregivers, and physicians. The study participants included patients, their caregivers, and their attending physicians who were experts in DLB. Fifty-two symptoms that are frequent and clinically important in DLB were pre-selected and classified into seven symptom domains. Treatment needs of patients and caregivers were defined as “symptom that causes them most distress,” and the frequency of each answer was tabulated. To assess the physician’s understanding of the treatment needs of patients and caregivers, patient–physician and caregiver–physician concordance rates for each answer regarding treatment needs were calculated according to symptom domains.

Results

In total, 263 pairs of patients–caregivers and 38 physicians were surveyed. The mean age of patients was 79.3 years, and their mean total score on the Mini-Mental State Examination was 20.9. Thirty-five and 38 symptoms were selected as symptoms causing patients and caregivers most distress, respectively. Memory impairment was most frequently selected for the treatment needs of patients, followed by constipation and bradykinesia. Memory impairment was also most frequently selected by caregivers, followed by visual hallucinations. For the symptom domain that causes patients or caregivers most distress, only about half of the patient–physician pairs (46.9%) and caregiver–physician pairs (50.8%) were matched. Logistic regression analysis identified that concordance rates for treatment needs between patient–physician and caregiver–physician were lower when autonomic dysfunction and sleep-related disorders were selected as the symptom domains that cause most distress.

Conclusion

There was considerable variability in the treatment needs of patients with DLB and their caregivers. Attending physicians had difficulty understanding the top treatment needs of their patients and caregivers, despite their expertise in DLB, because of various clinical manifestations. Attending physicians should pay more attention to autonomic dysfunction and sleep-related disorders in the treatment of DLB.

Trial registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000041844. Registered on 23 September 2020
Radotinib attenuates TGFβ -mediated pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: exploring the potential of drug repurposing
Authors: Baek Suji , Kwon Seung Hae , Jeon Joo Yeong , Lee Gong Yeal , Ju Hyun Soo , Yun Hyo Jung , Cho Dae Jin , Lee Kang Pa , Nam Myung Hee
Published: December 2022

Background

Tyrosine kinase (TK) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether radotinib (Rb) could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TK in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The antifibrotic effects of Rb in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)1-stimulated A549 cells were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry assays. Rb inhibition of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was determined by histopathological and​ immunohistochemical analyses. Rb-interfering metabolites were analyzed using LC-MS/MS.

Results

Rb concentrations of up to 1000 nM did not affect the viability of A549 cells, but Rb (30 nM) significantly reduced expression of TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL)-induced ECM factors, such as Snail, Twist, and F-actin. Rb also regulated TGF-β1-overexpressed signal cascades, such as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, Rb attenuated the phosphorylation of Smad2 and phosphorylation of kinases, such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and protein kinase B. In the inhibitory test against bleomycin (5 mg/kg)-induced lung fibrosis, the Rb (30 mg/kg/daily)-treated group showed a half-pulmonary fibrosis region compared to the positive control group. In addition, Rb significantly reduced collagen type I and fibronectin expression in the bleomycin-induced fibrotic region of SD rats. Further, the identified metabolite pantothenic acid was not altered by Rb.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results indicate that Rb inhibits TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that Rb may be an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis-related disorders and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
One-touch calibration of hum-noise-based touch sensor for unknown users utilizing models trained by different users
Authors: Hsia Tzu-Hsuan , Okamoto Shogo , Akiyama Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoji
Published: December 2022

Hum-noise-based touch sensors (HumTouch) are capable of recognizing human touch on semiconductive materials using the current leaking from the finger to the surface. Thus far, calibration for these hum-noise-based touch sensors has been performed for individual users because of the individual differences in hum-driven electric currents in human bodies. However, for applications designed for unknown users, time-consuming calibration for individual users is not preferred, and a new user should be able to use the sensor immediately. For this purpose, we propose a new calibration method for HumTouch. In this method, learning datasets collected from multiple people and a few extra samples from a new user are collectively used to establish a touch localization estimator. The estimator is computed using the kernel regression method with weighted samples from the new user. For a 20 $$\times $$
×
18 cm$$^2$$

2

paper, the mean localization error is reduced from 1.24 cm to 0.90 cm with only one sample from the new user. Hence, a new user can establish a semipersonalized localization estimator by touching only one point on the surface. This method improves the localization performance of HumTouch sensors in an easy-to-access manner.
Association of the magnitude of the difference in blood pressure between office and ambulatory measurements with blood pressure variability in untreated individuals
Authors: Lee Yea Je , Rhee Moo-Yong , Kim Je Sang , Do Ungjeong , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Byong-Kyu , Kim Hae-Young
Published: December 2022

Objectives

We evaluated the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the magnitude of the difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between office and ambulatory measurements (masked effect) in untreated individuals without apparent hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).

Methods

The inclusion criteria were 1) age ≥ 20 years, 2) blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg at the outpatient clinic, and 3) not receiving antihypertensive medications. The difference between office and ambulatory SBP was calculated by subtracting the ambulatory daytime SBP from the office SBP. The association between the masked effect and SBP variability was analyzed in individuals without HMOD (no electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g, and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 296).

Results

Among the cardiovascular risk factors, ambulatory BP variability was significantly correlated with the SBP difference. The standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (cv) of 24-h SBP exhibited a significant negative linear association with the SBP difference in univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, presence of diabetes, and 24-h ambulatory SBP. A significant association was observed in patients with ambulatory daytime hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, individuals with a negative SBP difference > -5 mmHg exhibited a higher SD and cv of 24-h SBP than those with a negative SBP difference ≤ -5 mmHg or a positive SBP difference.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that the magnitude of the negative difference in office and ambulatory SBP may be a potential risk factor, even in individuals without apparent HMOD.

Trial registration

This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03855605).
Economic evaluation: a reader’s guide to studies of cost-effectiveness
Authors: Abbott J. Haxby , Wilson Ross , Pryymachenko Yana , Sharma Saurab , Pathak Anupa , Chua Jason Y. Y.
Published: December 2022

Background

Understanding what an economic evaluation is, how to interpret it, and what it means for making choices in a health delivery context is necessary to contribute to decisions about healthcare resource allocation. The aim of this paper to demystify the working parts of a health economic evaluation, and explain to clinicians and clinical researchers how to read and interpret cost-effectiveness research.

Main body

This primer distils key content and constructs of economic evaluation studies, and explains health economic evaluation in plain language. We use the PICOT (participant, intervention, comparison, outcome, timeframe) clinical trial framework familiar to clinicians, clinical decision-makers, and clinical researchers, who may be unfamiliar with economics, as an aide to reading and interpreting cost-effectiveness research. We provide examples, primarily of physiotherapy interventions for osteoarthritis.

Conclusions

Economic evaluation studies are essential to improve decisions about allocating resources, whether those resources be your time, the capacity of your service, or the available funding across the entire healthcare system. The PICOT framework can be used to understand and interpret cost-effectiveness research.
Absence of proximal muscle weakness, dysarthria, and facial diplegia suggests Guillain–Barre syndrome rather than CIDP
Authors: Finsterer Josef
Published: December 2022

The aim of this letter to the editor is to discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in two patients, of whom one experienced a mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 2 months prior to onset of the CIDP (patient-1), whereas patient-2 developed CIDP with bilateral facial palsy 19 days after receiving a shot of an RNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Causality between the SARS-CoV-2 infection and CIDP in patient-1 remains unsupported and the diagnosis CIDP in patient-2 remains questionable. Although delineation between CIDP and GBS is not clear cut, bilateral facial palsy and absence of proximal involvement suggest GBS rather than CIDP.
Giant foreign body granuloma after endoscopic management of vesicoureteric reflux: a case report
Authors: Davera Saket , Dhua Anjan , Agarwal Shipra , Sulaiman Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Background

Deflux®, a dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer, is extensively used as an endoscopic bulking agent for management of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). The complications following Deflux® treatment as described in the literature are clinically insignificant transient obstruction and infections of the urinary tract. We report a rare case of a giant Deflux® granuloma presenting as an intraoperative surprise while undergoing open ureteric reimplantation for the failure of prior endoscopic management.

Case presentation

A 2.5-year-old boy with a primary VUR needed Anderson Hyne’s pyeloplasty of the affected side for concomitant pelviureteric junction obstruction. During removal of the double “J “stent in the postoperative period, subureteric Deflux® was injected, hoping that a more invasive procedure could be avoided. At a later date, as VUR persisted, an open ureteric reimplantation, was performed. Intraoperatively, a large Deflux® granuloma was noted at the site of previously injected site.

Conclusions

Giant Deflux® granuloma is a rare complication of this modality of VUR management. A focussed radiological assessment in such pateints during follow-up is required, especially those planned for surgical intervention in the vesicoureteric region later.
Retrovesical cysts in boys—case series and literature review
Authors: Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Mönttinen Tiia , Hokkinen Lasse , Mäkelä Eija , Taskinen Seppo
Published: December 2022

Background

Retrovesical cysts present with varying etiologies. We initiated this study to provide insights into retrovesical cysts in boys through a case series and systematic literature review and to aid in treatment alternatives.

Materials and methods

Case series of seven patients from the in-hospital register with a systematic literature review on retrovesical cysts in children.

Results

We identified seven patients from the in-hospital register during 2005–2020 and eighty-two patients from the literature review. The literature review showed that children’s retrovesical cysts are mainly asymptomatic before puberty. Those detected earlier in childhood present mostly with renal abnormalities. In our series, retrovesical cysts derived from three distinct etiologies with different treatment modalities. Asymptomatic cysts do not need excision and are to be followed up through puberty, but in the case of an ectopic ureter, nephroureterectomy is optional. Symptomatic retrovesical cysts may demand surgical excision. Ultrasonography is usually sufficient for diagnosis, but MRI provides better anatomical delineation and aids in surgical planning.

Conclusions

Retrovesical cysts in boys are benign conditions associated with abnormal development of the ureter and kidney. Ultrasonography is sufficient for diagnosis, with MRI giving further detail for surgical planning. Treatment consists of cyst excision, heminephrectomy/nephrectomy, transurethral canalization, or excision of prostatic utricle, depending on etiology. Asymptomatic cases are to be followed up through puberty, but in cases of an ectopic ureter, nephroureterectomy is preferred.
Adjuvant Exemestane With Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Combined TEXT and SOFT Trials
Authors: Pagani Olivia , Walley Barbara A. , Fleming Gini F. , Colleoni Marco , Láng István , Gomez Henry L. , Tondini Carlo , Burstein Harold J. , Goetz Matthew P. , Ciruelos Eva M. , Stearns Vered , Bonnefoi Hervé R. , Martino Silvana , Geyer Charles E. , Chini Claudio , Puglisi Fabio , Spazzapan Simon , Ruhstaller Thomas , Winer Eric P. , Ruepp Barbara , Loi Sherene , Coates Alan S. , Gelber Richard D. , Goldhirsch Aron , Regan Meredith M. , Francis Prudence A. ,   for the SOFT and TEXT Investigators and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (a division of ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation)
Published: December 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

The combined analysis of SOFT-TEXT compared outcomes in 4,690 premenopausal women with estrogen/progesterone receptor–positive (ER/PgR+) early breast cancer randomly assigned to 5 years of exemestane + ovarian function suppression (OFS) versus tamoxifen + OFS. After a median follow-up of 9 years, exemestane + OFS significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI), but not overall survival, compared with tamoxifen + OFS. We now report DFS, DRFI, and overall survival after a median follow-up of 13 years. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, the 12-year DFS (4.6% absolute improvement, hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90; P < .001) and DRFI (1.8% absolute improvement, HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.98; P = .03), but not overall survival (90.1% v 89.1%, HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.11), continued to be significantly improved for patients assigned exemestane + OFS over tamoxifen + OFS. Among patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors (86.0% of the ITT population), the absolute improvement in 12-year overall survival with exemestane + OFS was 2.0% (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.04) and 3.3% in those who received chemotherapy (45.9% of the ITT population). Overall survival benefit was clinically significant in high-risk patients, eg, women age < 35 years (4.0%) and those with > 2 cm (4.5%) or grade 3 tumors (5.5%). These sustained reductions of the risk of recurrence with adjuvant exemestane + OFS, compared with tamoxifen + OFS, provide guidance for selecting patients for whom exemestane should be preferred over tamoxifen in the setting of OFS.

[Media: see text]
The Possibility of Progress: An Interview with Bruce Robbins
Authors: Fitzgerald Jason , Robbins Bruce
Published: December 2022

In this wide-ranging interview, Bruce Robbins reflects on themes that have long been at the center of his work, including cosmopolitanism, the political functions of literature and of literary criticism, narratives, progress, feelings, morals, class politics in general and “middle-class politics” in particular, solidarity, anti-statism, how to measure a scholarly career, and more.
Edmund Burke and Hannah Arendt: Decolonization, Resentment, and the Social Question
Authors: Agnani Sunil
Published: December 2022

Hannah Arendt's work On Revolution brings into contact two temporalities: the decade of its composition (the 1960s), alongside its understanding of revolution in conjunction with “Enlightenment.” A reader of Edmund Burke who turns to this work will be startled at the degree to which he plays a central role. His ideas and even his temperament seem to guide her profound praise for “the men who made the American Revolution” alongside her shock centered around Robespierre but mingled with her discussion of Rousseau and the French Revolution. This connection between Burke and Arendt is worth tracing because it allows readers to understand her response to the post-WWII age, which witnessed the emergence of manifold diverse “revolutions” in the social and political realm brought by decolonization, both in the European and non-European (i.e., Asian, African, postcolonial) contexts. It also allows readers to question Arendt's view of the role that suffering and poverty ought to play in moments of revolution and to scrutinize her thesis that wherever a solution to the “social” question was sought by “political” means it has led to terror and violence, with the notion of resentment playing a crucial role.
Chronic Encapsulated Expanding Hematomas After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: An International Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Patel Aneek , Mallela Arka N. , Bin-Alamer Othman , Niranjan Ajay , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Liscak Roman , May Jaromir , Kumar Jeyan Sathia , Sheehan Jason P. , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a minimally invasive treatment modality for appropriately selected intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Recent reports have described the development of rare, delayed chronic encapsulated expanding hematomas (CEEHs) at the site of an angiographically confirmed obliterated AVM.

OBJECTIVE:

To elucidate the incidence, characteristics, and management of CEEH in patients with AVM after SRS.

METHODS:

The records of all patients who underwent SRS for an intracranial AVM at 4 institutions participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation between 1987 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding characteristics of the AVM, SRS treatment parameters, CEEH presentation, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:

Among 5430 patients, 15 developed a CEEH at a crude incidence of 0.28%. Nine patients were female, and the mean age was 43 ± 14.6 years. Nine patients underwent surgical evacuation, while 6 were managed conservatively. The median CEEH development latency was 106 months after SRS. The patients were followed for a median of 32 months, and 9 patients improved clinically, while 6 patients remained stable. No intraoperative complications were reported after CEEH resection, although 1 patient recovered from postoperative meningitis requiring intravenous antibiotics.

CONCLUSION:

CEEH is a rare, late complication of AVM SRS with an incidence of 0.28% and a median latency of 106 months. In the presence of a delayed and symptomatic expanding hematoma in the bed of an angiographically obliterated AVM, surgical resection resulted in clinical improvement in most patients. Conservative management is possible in asymptomatic patients with stable, small-sized hematomas in deeply seated locations.
Association Between Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Zhang Justin K. , Greenberg Jacob K. , Javeed Saad , Khalifeh Jawad M. , Dibble Christopher F. , Park Yikyung , Jain Deeptee , Buchowski Jacob M. , Dorward Ian , Santiago Paul , Molina Camilo , Pennicooke Brenton H. , Ray Wilson Z.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Despite an increased understanding of the impact of socioeconomic status on neurosurgical outcomes, the impact of neighborhood-level social determinants on lumbar spine surgery patient-reported outcomes remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the impact of geographic social deprivation on physical and mental health of lumbar surgery patients.

METHODS:

A single-center retrospective cohort study analyzing patients undergoing lumbar surgery for degenerative disease from 2015 to 2018 was performed. Surgeries were categorized as decompression only or decompression with fusion. The area deprivation index was used to define social deprivation. Study outcomes included preoperative and change in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement (PROMIS) physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), depression, and anxiety (mean follow-up: 43.3 weeks). Multivariable imputation was performed for missing data. One-way analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression were used to evaluate the association between area deprivation index and PROMIS scores.

RESULTS:

In our cohort of 2010 patients, those with the greatest social deprivation had significantly worse mean preoperative PROMIS scores compared with the least-deprived cohort (mean difference [95% CI]—PF: −2.5 [−3.7 to −1.4]; PI: 3.0 [2.0-4.1]; depression: 5.5 [3.4-7.5]; anxiety: 6.0 [3.8-8.2], allP< .001), without significant differences inchangein these domains at latest follow-up (PF: +0.5 [−1.2 to 2.2]; PI: −0.2 [−1.7 to 2.1]; depression: −2 [−4.0 to 0.1]; anxiety: −2.6 [−4.9 to 0.4], allP> .05).

CONCLUSION:

Lumbar spine surgery patients with greater social deprivation present with worse preoperative physical and mental health but experience comparable benefit from surgery than patients with less deprivation, emphasizing the need to further understand social and health factors that may affect both disease severity and access to care.
Access to Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke: Center Qualifications, Prehospital Management, and Geographic Disparities
Authors: Levy Elad I. , Monteiro Andre , Waqas Muhammad , Siddiqui Adnan H.
Published: December 2022

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) became the “gold-standard” treatment for most patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. With such a remarkable paradigm shift, it is important that this modality of treatment becomes widely and homogeneously available throughout the United States and other countries. Although the time window for MT is large (24 hours in selected patients), time is still a major determinant of outcome. Several variables are involved in achieving timely access of MT for the majority of the population: prehospital management systems, transportation models, in-hospital workflow organization, accreditation and infrastructure of centers, training of neurointervention professionals, and geographic distribution of centers. The current situation in the United States regarding MT access is marked by geographic and socioeconomic disparities. We provide an overview of current challenges and solutions in achieving more universal access to MT for the population.
Agent-based modelling for the study of shipwreck site formation processes: A theoretical framework and conceptual model.
Authors: Vega-Sánchez Rodrigo , Herrera Jorge M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Shipwreck site formation processes (SFP), their dynamics and transformation have long interested maritime archaeology from both a historical perspective and heritage management since shipwrecks constitute endangered cultural sites. Major contributions to shipwreck SFP have been made since the 1970s which conceive SFP from a systemic theoretical perspective, notably those of Keith Muckelroy and Martin Gibbs. However, to our view, such a perspective falls short in its capacity to explain and predict the distribution of elements in a shipwreck. In this article, we propose that shipwreck SFP can be understood from the theoretical framework of complex adaptive systems (CAS), where a SFP constitutes a CAS in which nonlinear interactions of natural and cultural factors give rise to the observed seabed distribution of a shipwreck as an emergent phenomenon.

Methods

From this theoretical framework, we propose agent-based modelling (ABM) as a suitable methodological approach for studying SFP. We show its implementation using the USS Somers, a 19th-century brig of war that sank in 1846 off the port of Veracruz, Mexico, during the Mexican-American War as a case study. The conceptual model was developed from the integration of historical data about the ship’s nautical characteristics and operation, information on the wrecking event from eyewitnesses, as well as modern environmental data.

Results

We present a conceptual model defining various elements that would constitute the Somers’ ABM. It gives specifics about the characteristics and variables regarding agents, global variables, processes, indicators, degradation and deposition sequences, and user interface.

Conclusion

The conceptual model served to develop ABM in a simulation platform where historical hypotheses can be tested and various possible scenarios of the SFP can be explored. By contrasting the simulation results with the archaeological record of the shipwreck, ABM would allow maritime archaeologists to postulate more supported and refined interpretations of a shipwreck’s SFP.
SnakeMAGs: a simple, efficient, flexible and scalable workflow to reconstruct prokaryotic genomes from metagenomes
Authors: Tadrent Nachida , Dedeine Franck , Hervé Vincent
Published: December 2022

Background: Over the last decade, we have observed in microbial ecology a transition from gene-centric to genome-centric analyses. Indeed, the advent of metagenomics combined with binning methods, single-cell genome sequencing as well as high-throughput cultivation methods have contributed to the continuing and exponential increase of available prokaryotic genomes, which in turn has favored the exploration of microbial metabolisms. In the case of metagenomics, data processing, from raw reads to genome reconstruction, involves various steps and software which can represent a major technical obstacle.

Methods: To overcome this challenge, we developed SnakeMAGs, a simple workflow that can process Illumina data, from raw reads to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) classification and relative abundance estimate. It integrates state-of-the-art bioinformatic tools to sequentially perform: quality control of the reads (illumina-utils, Trimmomatic), host sequence removal (optional step, using Bowtie2), assembly (MEGAHIT), binning (MetaBAT2), quality filtering of the bins (CheckM), classification of the MAGs (GTDB-Tk) and estimate of their relative abundance (CoverM). Developed with the popular Snakemake workflow management system, it can be deployed on various architectures, from single to multicore and from workstation to computer clusters and grids. It is also flexible since users can easily change parameters and/or add new rules.

Results: Using termite gut metagenomic datasets, we showed that SnakeMAGs is slower but allowed the recovery of more MAGs encompassing more diverse phyla compared to another similar workflow named ATLAS.

Conclusions: Overall, it should make the reconstruction of MAGs more accessible to microbiologists. SnakeMAGs as well as test files and an extended tutorial are available at https://github.com/Nachida08/SnakeMAGs.
Wojna i jej antropologiczne i kulturowe przesłanki w porównawczym ujęciu Girarda, Agambena i Santayany.
Authors: Kremplewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

W eseju tym przyglądam się koncepcjom wojny i jej relacji do ludzkiej natury, kondycji, cywilizacji, tudzież immanentnej „struktury” władzy, autorstwa czterech dwudziestowiecznych filozofów – Arnolda Toynbee’go, René Girarda, Georgio Agambena i George’a Santayany. Zestawienie elementów tych teorii, a także krytyki kultury współczesnej, w którą wszyscy interlokutorzy się angażują, pozwala odkryć intrygujące punkty wspólne. Nawet jeśli niektóre analogie okazują się pozorne, to dyskusja rzuca nowe światło na zagadnienia takie jak związek między tożsamością a ofiarą, władzą a banitą, kłamstwem a systemem, czy też każdą stabilną organizacją społeczną.
COVID-19: Prediction, Prevalence, and the Operations of Vaccine Allocation
Authors: Bennouna Amine , Joseph Joshua , Nze-Ndong David , Perakis Georgia , Singhvi Divya , Lami Omar Skali , Spantidakis Yannis , Thayaparan Leann , Tsiourvas Asterios
Published: December 2022

Problem definition: Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic poses a series of unprecedented challenges, including predicting new cases and deaths, understanding true prevalence beyond what tests are able to detect, and allocating different vaccines across various regions. In this paper, we describe our efforts to tackle these issues and explore the impact on combating the pandemic in terms of case and death prediction, true prevalence, and fair vaccine distribution. Methodology/results: We present the methods we developed for predicting cases and deaths using a novel machine-learning-based aggregation method to create a single prediction that we call MIT-Cassandra. We further incorporate COVID-19 case prediction to determine true prevalence and incorporate this prevalence into an optimization model for efficiently and fairly managing the operations of vaccine allocation. We study the trade-offs of vaccine allocation between different regions and age groups, as well as first- and second-dose distribution of different vaccines. This also allows us to provide insights into how prevalence and exposure of the disease in different parts of the population can affect the distribution of different vaccine doses in a fair way. Managerial implications: MIT-Cassandra is currently being used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is consistently among the best-performing methods in terms of accuracy, often ranking at the top. In addition, our work has been helping decision makers by predicting how cases and true prevalence of COVID-19 will progress over the next few months in different regions and utilizing the knowledge for vaccine distribution under various operational constraints. Finally, and very importantly, our work has specifically been used as part of a collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT’s) Quest for Intelligence and as part of MIT’s process to reopen the institute.

Funding: Financial support from MIT Quest for Intelligence is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1160 .
Shared Identity Schemas Shape Incumbent Responses to New Entrants
Authors: Koçak Özgecan , Topaler Başak
Published: December 2022

An outstanding question in research on competitive strategy is what determines the strength and type of strategic response that incumbents deploy against new entrants. We argue that strategists’ assessment of threat from new entrants and their choice of strategic reactions depend on the shared identity schema in their field. Position of new entrants across identity categories indicate whether they pose a competitive threat within the same identity-based niche or outside it and whether they threaten to erode the incumbent’s category’s social value relative to other categories. Potential reactions to these threats can also be classified according to whether they protect or enhance the value that incumbents create and capture through their membership in their identity category. Matching identity-relevant strategic actions to the type of threat that new entries pose, we argue that incumbents (1) employ identity-deepening tactics in response to competition in their identity-based niche; (2) use identity-extending tactics in response to competition outside their niche; (3) respond to categorical identity threats by affirming their identities; and (4) are less likely to respond to either competitive or identity threats that originate from new entrants that do not clearly fit in the shared identity schema. We find support for our predictions in analyses using data on the population of Turkish universities over a 30-year period. We discuss theoretical implications for ecological and socio-cognitive studies of markets and practical implications for predicting patterns of strategic interaction and disruptive potential of new entrants.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0179 .
A fenomenologia dos sentimentos de Max Scheler na indicação da constituição do “humano total” (Allmensch)
Authors: Kahlmeyer-Mertens Roberto Saraiva , Kuhn Willian Carlos
Published: December 2022

Em foco está a exposição dos sentimentos, operada fenomenologicamente por Max Scheler, sendo tarefa mostrar como essa pode indicar o conceito de “humano total”. Objetivamos evidenciar que o filósofo compreende que o espírito humano se enraíza não só no racional, como na concepção tradicional de animal racionale, mas também em sua realidade emocional. Face a isso, nos ocuparemos de apresentar a maneira com a qual Scheler pensa sentimentos como a simpatia, o amor (e o ódio), a ordem a priori de valores atrelada ao amor, bem como o arrependimento. Após essa etapa preparatória, buscaremos indicar que o filósofo lança mão de uma compreensão de humano mais ampla, formulada face à ideia de um ens amans. Assim, podemos indicar mais claramente o que Max Scheler chamará de Allmensch, cumprindo o objetivo de  mostrar como a fenomenologia dos sentimentos de Scheler poderiam indicar visão ampla do humano. A hipótese é a de que o filósofo compreende o humano em vista de um processo de conciliação de forças vitais rumo à consciência e sentimentos elevados numa hierarquia valorativa. Ali, o amor exerceria papel totalizador do humano, permeado pela força motriz cósmica do fundamento do mundo, o que indicaria o ideal de um “humano total”.
Saídas do túnel do Ego: Sobre o significado contemporâneo da Fenomenologia
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: December 2022

Tradução de Deborah Moreira Guimarães e Luís Gabriel Provinciatto
Róbson Ramos dos Reis: as possibilidades e os desafios da fenomenologia
Authors: Reis Róbson Ramos dos , Guimarães Deborah Moreira , Provinciatto Luís Gabriel , Fernandes Christiane Costa de Matos , Barroso Gabriel Lago de Sousa , Silva Taciane Alves da
Published: December 2022

Entrevista com Róbson Ramos dos Reispor Christiane Costa de Matos Fernandes, Deborah Moreira Guimarães, Gabriel Lago de Sousa Barroso, Luís Gabriel Provinciatto e Taciane Alves da Silva Esta entrevista foi elaborada por Christiane Costa de Matos Fernandes, Deborah Moreira Guimarães, Gabriel Lago de Sousa Barroso, Luís Gabriel Provinciatto e Taciane Alves da Silva. As perguntas foram enviadas por e-mail ao professor e pesquisador Róbson Ramos dos Reis, que as respondeu por escrito. Agradecemos ao Prof. Róbson Ramos dos Reis não apenas a disposição em realizar a entrevista como também a gentileza e a solicitude para com o corpo editorial da Revista Ekstasis.
A INTERCULTURALIDADE A PARTIR DE CANÇÕES PRESENTES EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA / Interculturality, based on songs, in Portuguese as a foreign language textbooks
Authors: Da Silva Natielly Rosa , Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene
Published: December 2022

Diante dos avanços do ensino de português como língua estrangeira (PLE) pelo mundo, é imprescindível buscarmos uma abordagem de ensino que favoreça a promoção e o respeito às diversidades culturais, o rompimento de estereótipos e da ideia de línguas/culturas homogêneas. Portanto, a abordagem intercultural parece-nos ideal, uma vez que promove o diálogo entre culturas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse âmbito, um papel basilar é representado pelo livro didático, dando-se enfoque ao lugar da canção como suporte da aprendizagem. A escassez de estudos que relacionem esses diferentes elementos na aula de PLE justifica a nossa pesquisa, haja vista que visa a responder ao seguinte questionamento: como e com que propósito a canção se faz presente nos livros didáticos (LD) corpus de nossa pesquisa? Em busca da resposta a esta inquietação, selecionamos alguns LD recentes disponíveis no mercado: Estação Brasil: Português para Estrangeiros (BIZON; PATROCÍNIO, 2017); Falar... ler... escrever... Português (LIMA; IUNES, 2017; 2019) e Novo Avenida Brasil (LIMA et. al., 2017; 2018; 2019). Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa é descritivo-explicativa (OLIVEIRA, 2008; PRODANOV; FREITAS, 2013), qualitativa (TOZONI-REIS, 2010; PRODANOV; FREITAS, 2013) e documental (SÁ-SILVA et al., 2009); objetivamos analisar o papel da canção nos LD supracitados, verificando como esses textos são abordados e se as atividades propostas promovem a interculturalidade em sala de aula. Isto é, se estimulam diálogos que permitam conhecer a cultura do outra, em uma perspectiva de quebra de estereótipos. Com esta pesquisa, pretendemos contribuir para os estudos da área e para a promoção desse ensino.
ORALIDADE E ENSINO DE LÍNGUA MATERNA NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL: BREVE PANORAMA / Orality and mother language teaching in Brazil and Portugal: brief overview
Authors: Castanheira Dennis , Sebastião Isabel
Published: December 2022

Por tradição, em contexto de ensino e de aprendizagem da língua materna, tem-se verificado a hegemonia de uma perspectiva grafocêntrica da língua e da sua aprendizagem (SILVA et al. 2011, p. 7). A tomada de palavra, o falar, permite ao indivíduo dar opiniões, criticar, expor factos, discordar, defender-se, entre tantas outras possibilidades. É necessário que a abordagem do oral, em sala de aula, seja uma abordagem que projete o aluno para um perfil autônomo e com a capacidade de usar a língua em todas as situações. Assim, tendo consciência de que a oralidade constitui uma competência determinante para a integração e promoção social dos indivíduos, este artigo assume como objetivo orientador discutir o tratamento dado à oralidade no ensino de língua portuguesa como língua materna nos contextos brasileiro e português, a partir da retomada das documentações oficiais para o ensino obrigatório, de alguns que estejam ligados à elaboração de estratégias didáticas já desenvolvidos nos dois países, à análise de materiais didáticos ou às documentações oficiais para o ensino obrigatório. O foco coloca-se nas questões sobre o que ensinar e como ensinar. Para isso, utilizaremos como base a abordagem textual e discursiva por meio de autores que tratam da oralidade como objeto de estudo (MARCUSCHI, 2001; KOCH; ELIAS, 2006; 2009; AMOR, 2006; FIGUEIREDO, 2011) e metodologicamente utilizaremos uma perspectiva qualitativa bibliográfica, em que exploraremos as pesquisas sobre o tema a fim de efetuarmos um panorama do desenvolvimento deste domínio nos dois países.
DOSSIÊ 26 -ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS: DA LÍNGUA MATERNA À LÍNGUA NÃO MATERNA PORTUGUESE TEACHING: FROM MOTHER LANGUAGE TO NON-MOTHER LANGUAGE
Authors: Lebler Cristiane Dall Cortivo , Castanheira Dennis Da Silva , Sebastião Isabel
Published: December 2022

Apresentação do DOSSIÊ 26 -ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS: DA LÍNGUA MATERNA À LÍNGUA NÃO MATERNA  PORTUGUESE TEACHING: FROM MOTHER LANGUAGE TO NON-MOTHER LANGUAGE