bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marx after Steedman: Separating Marxism from ‘Surplus Theory’
Authors: Roberts Bruce
Published: January 2010

The main camps in the ‘value’ debate are sketched and it is argued that it is wrong to reduce all ‘surplus theory’ to the Sraffian approach. There are a plurality of surplus approaches and the Marxian one is uniquely equipped to answer the fundamental Marxian questions. The great virtue of the Marxian approach resides in its double structure of prices and value which places economic activity in the context of a broader redistributive class process. Nevertheless, it is recognised that the Steedman-type points in cases of joint production still have a critical force. Consequently, it is demonstrated how they might be overcome with a different method for tackling the transformation
The money expression of value and the credit system: a value-form theoretic outline
Authors: Reuten Geert
Published: January 2010

In most of Marxist economics the theory of money is grounded in commodity money. This grounding calls for reconsideration in the light of recent debate over the Marxist theory of value and recent analysis of developments in the capitalist monetary institutions. It is shown in this paper that money, credit money and a fully developed credit system can be conceptualised at the level of abstract theory, without resort to commodity money. It is also argued that this resort at the level of abstract theory is inappropriate from the point of view of method.
Close the IMF, abolish debt and end development: a class analysis of the international debt crisis
Authors: Cleaver Harry
Published: January 2010

The political targets of this article are reformist understandings of international debt and development. Opposing theories which ‘blame the victim’, Cleaver construes international debt as ‘a weapon against the working class’, and the debt crisis as ‘a product of working class power’. Repudiation of debt is accordingly the necessary Marxist political response.
Europe: The Nation-State Dies Hard
Authors: Lambert John
Published: January 2010

For four decades the nation-states, above all France and the UK, have resisted the creation of a European political federation. The European Community has been a happy hunting ground for big business. With a European super-state now looming, there is a pressing need for a left-green ‘opposition’, insisting on democratic institutions and offering alternative policies.
The Political Economy and Class Analytics of International Capital Flows: US Industrial Capital in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: McIntyre Richard
Published: January 2010

The weakening of working class and popular organisations that is often attributed to the growing power of transnational corporations is an aspect of a generalised restructuring of class relations in both core and periphery. With class, rather than power or wealth, as our theoretical entry point, it appears that the state retains influence over international flows of industrial and banking capital.
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Passage to Fordism
Authors: Gunn Philip
Published: January 2010

Seldom has architecture been discussed within the Marxist tradition. Aesthetics, physical form and the labour process are here synthesised in an argument which draws on the Regulation Approach and prises the critique of Modernism away from the hands of experts in nostalgia such as Prince Charles.
Regimes of Accumulation, Microeconomies and Hegemonic Politics
Authors: Jonsson Ivar
Published: January 2010

This article criticises abstract economic theories of capital accumulation and discusses their irrelevance as concerns micro-economies. It argues that the problematic of regulation theory needs to be extended so that it covers the domain of analyses of size related problems of accumulation and strategic analyses of hegemonic politics. The author develops a model of size related problems of accumulation and an institutionalist model of hegemonic politics that transcend the theories of the regulation school as concerns regimes of accumulation. Finally, he offers an analysis of the case of Iceland as an example of a regime of accumulation in a microeconomy.
Autonomist Marxism and the Information Society
Authors: Witheford Nick
Published: January 2010

In this article Witheford discusses recent analysis by autonomist Marxists of communication and culture under high technology capitalism.
Class Compromise and the International Economy: The Rise and Fall of Swedish Social Democracy
Authors: Wilks Stuart
Published: January 2010

The recent crisis of the Swedish model raises key issues about the future development of democratic socialism. In this article, Wilks argues that the changing interests and increased power-resources of capital brought about by globalization have enabled the large Swedish corporations to destroy the class compromise on which the Swedish model was based. He argues that if social democracy is to survive it must be redefined for an era characterized by a profoundly new set of political-economic challenges.
Transition and Crisis in the Japanese Financial System: An Analytical Overview
Authors: Lapavitsas Costas
Published: January 2010

This paper provides an overall view of the recent development of the Japanese financial system. The profound crisis of the 1990s indicates that financial deregulation has met obstacles created by the fundamental underlying structure of Japanese industrial capitalism. The movement toward a market-based Anglo-Saxon financial system, at arms-length from industry and the state, has lost its momentum. Crisis-resolution in the 1990s has revealed the residual power of the state over the financial system and the continuing significance of the ‘main bank’ relationship between banks and industry in Japan. The Japanese financial system will probably remain bank-based, state-controlled, and connected with industry through a dense web of non-market relations.
Friedrich Engels and Marx's Critique of Political Economy
Authors: Smith Cyril
Published: January 2010

Engels' Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy (1843) was the starting point for the major work of Marx for the next four decades, and yet in all of his later writings purporting to represent Marx's views, Engels never gets to grips with those aspects which Marx himself regarded as essential. Since Engels' writings have had such an influence on late readings of Capital, acknowledging this can help us to see what Marx was trying to do.
Nature's ‘Free Gifts' and the Ecological Significance of Value
Authors: Burkett Paul
Published: January 2010

This article argues that far from containing an anti-ecological bias, Marx's ‘free appropriation’ category clarifies the contradictions between the true sources of wealth (the combination of nature and social labor) and capitalism's monetary representation of wealth as abstract labor time. On this basis, it is shown that some of the most popular ecological criticisms of Marx's value analysis fail to grasp Marx's basic demarcation of value, exchange value, and use value. Properly understood, Marx's analysis provides much keener insights into capitalism's environmental problems than do the essentially ahistorical approaches of those who would uncritically ascribe ‘value’ to nature.
Productive and Unproductive Labour: An Attempt at Clarification and Classification
Authors: Savran Sungur , Tonak E. Ahmet
Published: January 2010

This article starts out by trying to demonstrate why the distinction between productive and unproductive labour (PUPL) is crucial, both for the analysis of the trajectory of capitalism in general and for an understanding of the peculiar features of late twentieth century capitalism. Subsequent sections provide the necessary clarification about the distinction between PUPL by focusing on the concepts ‘productive labour in general’ and ‘productive labour for capital’ and attempt to classify all major types of labour in capitalism accordingly. The essay also deals with thorny questions about the status of labour in the services sector and state provision of social services. The last section addresses some common criticisms found in the literature concerning Marx's distinction between productive and unproductive labour.
Turning Agreement to Process: Republicanism and Change in Ireland
Authors: O'Hearn Denis , Porter Sam , Harpur Alan
Published: January 2010

In this article we examine the northern Irish peace process and the 1998 Belfast Agreement to ask whether they provide the basis for radical change of that society. We analyse the problems of ethnic and class inequality in the north, and the associated need for the regeneration of economically marginalised areas. Two questions are examined in this regard. First, does the peace process provide a basis for the social changes that will be necessary to move toward equality and democracy? Second, can Republicanism, in particular, promote the radical agenda that is necessary to provoke such basic social change?
The Impact of Relational Variables on Export Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Australia and the UK
Authors: Styles Chris , Ambler Tim
Published: January 2010

The impact of relational variables on export performance is tested across two countries—the UK and Australia. The key drivers are shown to he two kinds of commitment: to the market (country), and to the relationship with the distributor, both of which begin with experiential data gathering, or social learning. The constructs are operationalised and tested with data from the early stages of export ventures by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The results support the importance of social learning and relational variables to export performance.
Modelling Linkages Between Australian Financial Futures Markets
Authors: Kim Sangbae , In Francis , Viney Christopher
Published: January 2010

This paper investigates the dynamic interdependence of the Australian financial futures markets. We develop a multivariate EGARCH model to investigate linkages and stochastic volatility interactions between the 10-year Treasury bond, 90-day bank-accepted bill, and the All Ordinaries share price index futures markets. In this analysis, our empirical results strongly suggest that significant volatility interactions are evident across the three markets.
The Alpha, Beta, Gamma Approach to Measuring Change and its use for Interpreting the Effectiveness of Service Quality Programs
Authors: Dowling Grahame R.
Published: January 2010

Engineering change in consumer attitudes and behaviour is a focus of much marketing activity. To date however, neither academic nor practising marketing researchers have recognised that various types of change may result from their interventions. This paper outlines the Alpha. Beta, Gamma model of change originally developed in the discipline of organisational behaviour. This model suggests that marketing programs can produce these different types of change. The insights it provides are illustrated by applying it to changes in service quality as measured by the popular SERVQUAL scale.
The Effects of Rater Sex and Ratee Sex on Managerial Performance Evaluation
Authors: Chung Janne
Published: January 2010

Thirty-three men and twenty-four women evaluated and rated the performance of two managers (a man and a woman) after the managers had made decisions based on information provided by the management accounting system. The experimental materials comprised two cases—one showing successful performance and the other, unsuccessful performance. It is hypothesised that both men and women raters will demonstrate a bias against the successful woman manager, that is, evaluate her more harshly compared with the successful male manager. No difference in performance evaluation is predicted between the unsuccessful female manager and the unsuccessful male manager. The results support the hypotheses. A second dependent variable measured the perceived benefit that was received from expenditure incurred in carrying out the managers' decisions. It is hypothesised that both men and women raters will demonstrate a bias against the successful woman manager, that is, perceive lower benefit from a woman-initiated decision relative to a man-initiated decision. No evidence of biases against the successful woman manager is observed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings.
Additions to and Deletions from an Open-Ended Market Index: Evidence from the Australian All Ordinaries
Authors: Chan Howard W.H. , Howard Peter F.
Published: January 2010

The shares of companies added to (deleted from) closed-end indices such as the S&P 500 experience significant positive (negative) abnormal returns. We examine companies added to or deleted from an open-ended market index where changes occur regularly and can be predicted in advance. Our results are broadly consistent with those for closed-end indices and are robust to benchmarks used to control for market, size and industry effects. Analysis of daily returns and volume shows significant effects around the change date. By construction, companies entering the index outperform index benchmarks prior to inclusion. After controlling for selection bias, additions outperformed over the 4 months prior to inclusion.
Unemployment, Underemployment, Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Winefield Anthony H.
Published: January 2010

Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.
Betas and Industry Weights
Authors: Lally Martin
Published: January 2010

This paper explores the impact on industry betas of changes to the industry weights in the market index against which betas are defined. The exploratory analysis in the paper suggests that the effect can be substantial This phenomenon has implications for the way in which betas are estimated from time series data, and also for the common practice of using beta estimates from one country to estimate those in another. Possible solutions to the problems arising there from changes or variations in industry weights are suggested.
Are Conscientious Workers Adaptable?
Authors: Griffin Barbara , Hesketh Beryl
Published: January 2010

Today's worker faces increasing demands to adapt to change, and therefore organisations need to be able to identify people whose subsequent performance will be adaptable. Despite widespread acceptance that conscientiousness is a good predictor of performance, a review of the extant literature provides evidence suggesting that this relationship may not hold with performance that requires adaptability. The relationship between adaptability and conscientiousness is clarified in this study by examining adaptability in both the performance and predictor domains and by examining conscientiousness at a facet level. Results from three samples of employees suggest that only the achievement facets of conscientiousness relate to adaptability. The dependability facets are either unrelated or, in some cases, actually indicate a lack of adaptability.
Toeholds and the Bidder Shareholder Wealth Effects of Takeover Announcements
Authors: Le Hanh T. , Schultz Emma
Published: January 2010

This paper provides new evidence regarding the bidder shareholder wealth effects of takeover announcements by utilizing a robust method not previously employed in the area, namely Barber and Lyon's (1997) control firm approach. Thereafter, the study offers the first Australian evidence of the impact of toeholds on bidder abnormal returns. Finally, it considers whether this effect differs between single-bidder and multiple-bidder takeover contests. Using a dataset of 122 takeover announcements made by Australian listed companies between 1997 and 2004 inclusive, no significant bidder abnormal returns are documented in response to takeover announcements on average. However, examination of the cross-sectional variation in these wealth effects reveals a significantly positive association between the presence of toeholds/toehold size and bidder abnormal returns. Furthermore, immediate market reaction is consistent with Bukart's (1995) and Singh's (1998) Overbidding Hypothesis, which predicts a less pronounced toehold impact for rivaled bidders. Nonetheless, market expectation of overbidding for toehold bidders proves incorrect in the long-run post-announcement period, where the positive impact of toeholds does not differ between different models of takeover contests.
The Announcement Effects of Off-Market Share Repurchases in Australia
Authors: Brown Christine
Published: January 2010

This paper investigates the price and volume behaviour around the announcement of a type of off-market repurchase (equal access repurchases) in Australia. In contrast to US studies which document abnormal returns of around 8% for off-market repurchases, we find much smaller but significant abnormal returns of around 1.2% on the announcement date for equal access repurchases. The evidence suggests that the abnormal returns are related to the discount-to-market price at which the offer is made (which reflects special taxation arrangements). We also document a dramatic increase in trading volume on the announcement and subsequent day and argue that this trading may be motivated by the level of tax benefits passed on to participating shareholders.
A Functionalist Framework for Identifying Business Clusters: Applications in Far North Queensland
Authors: Athiyaman Adee , Parkan Celik
Published: January 2010

The extant literature on industry-cluster identification recommends the use of both quantitative and qualitative data to uncover clusters. We argue for a functionalist approach to identifying clusters. The logic here is that since spatial proximity of firms is an observed fact, attempts to uncover business clusters should begin with a statistical test of the randomness of firm density in a region. Rejection of this hypothesis should lead to an inter-firm analysis that identifies the relationships among firms in the region. Data from a regional area in the state of Queensland, Australia, are employed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework.
Company Takeovers and the Australian Equity Market
Authors: Dodd Peter
Published: January 2010

Stock market prices are investigated around the dates of takeover offers. The 242 companies in the sample of takeover offers are classified firstly as offerors and offerees, and secondly as to whether or not the takeover was achieved. The study employs the two parameter asset pricing model and allows for shifts in risk.

Any gains arising from takeovers are won by the acquired firm at the expense of the acquiring firm. The stock market reaction to takeover offers is generally consistent with the Efficient Markets Hypothesis with one notable exception. Alternative interpretations of this anomaly are considered.
Optimal Harvest-Milling Scheduling in the Sugar Industry
Authors: Strong S. , Wolanowski M. A.
Published: January 2010

Losses from decay in mechanically-harvested sugar cane could be reduced if the harvest-milling operation were carefully planned. A function relating sugar content of cane to time of harvest and harvest to milling delay is introduced. This function is incorporated in a calculus of variations functional, whose maximum describes the harvesting schedule. The solution of the problem contains a theorem which appears to be useful in economic planning.
Optimal Harvest—Milling Scheduling in the Sugar Industry: Comment
Authors: Stringer J.
Published: January 2010

An alternative to Strong and Wolanowski's (1976) formulation of the sugar harvest-milling scheduling problem is suggested. The problem is formulated as a transport problem, which has several interesting features. For example: efficient computing routines are available; fewer constraints are placed on the yield function; and re-scheduling could be easier when circumstances dictate.
Guaranteed Market Share Arrangements in Passenger Motor Vehicles
Authors: Swan Peter L.
Published: January 2010

The Australian Government has requested the Industries Assistance Commission to report on means of implementing its policy of a guaranteed market share, equal to 80% of the total market by volume, for domestic producers of passenger motor vehicles. This paper examines some of the costs associated with this policy and concludes that the consumer cost is of the order of $170 per family per annum. If import quotas are to be imposed, then a preferred means of implementing the Government's policy is via the sale of quotas, compared with the present system under which quotas are allocated as gifts.
The Cost of Australian Regulation of International Air Travel
Authors: Findlay C. C.
Published: January 2010

This paper estimates the welfare cost of the Australian government regulations on international air travel. It is argued that prices are higher than they would be in the absence of the regulations and that most of the resulting loss of consumer surplus is dissipated in inefficient airline operations or lobbying and enforcement costs. The welfare cost to consumers, allowing for a loss of quality in the change to a more competitive market, is estimated to be about $580 million each year.
Minimizing the Costs of Liquidity
Authors: Wright F. K.
Published: January 2010

Costs of liquidity may be incurred by a firm through its inability to synchronize its cash receipts and payments. Liquidity costs include the opportunity cost of holding funds in the form of non-earning or low-yielding assets, some bank charges, and related transaction costs. Two models for minimizing these costs are presented in detail, a deterministic one, and a stochastic one based on the Miller-Orr model. Their limitations and possible application are discussed.
Training First Line Managers for New Organisational Careers: An Australian Study
Authors: Gilmour Peter , Lansbury Russell D.
Published: January 2010

The education and training of first line managers or supervisors has long been neglected by employers and educational institutions. This paper is based mainly on data collected from 1,200 respondents undertaking Supervision courses offered at Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes in Australia. It is argued that the training of supervisors in TAFE and other institutions requires radical revision in order to meet the career orientations and future needs of supervisors. The role of the supervisor is undergoing considerable change and will be of increasing importance to organisations in the future.
Return of Capital: A Legal or a Market Process?
Authors: Coombes Robert J. , Tress Richard B.
Published: January 2010

In this paper we examine the implications of existing return of capital procedures which apply to Australian companies with surplus liquid assets which they wish to distribute to shareholders. This process is compared to the alternative of share repurchase. We conclude that the latter method is less time consuming and costly, and provides greater flexibility for management and shareholders without prejudicing the rights of creditors.
Ben Graham's Last Will and Testament: An Evaluation
Authors: Ma Ronald , Whittred G. P.
Published: January 2010

This paper investigates the performance of the much publicised investment portfolio selected by Potter Partners, using criteria recommended by the late Benjamin Graham. The selection criteria are based on companies' annual reports and other publicly available information, such as share prices. Within the context of the capital asset pricing model it is demonstrated that the adoption of such criteria does not lead to returns in excess of equilibrium expected returns. This result is consistent with the existing evidence in support of the efficiency of the Australian industrial equities market.
An Empirical Examination of the Required Number of Leading and Lagged Variables for ACM Beta Estimation
Authors: Sinclair N. A.
Published: January 2010

An attempt is made to establish empirically the required number of lagged and leading terms to include in Dimson's (1979) Aggregated Coefficients Method (ACM) of beta estimation. It is shown that the technique used by Dimson (1979) for the same purpose is sample specific in a number of important respects. A simple evaluation of the significance of the obtained coefficients consistently indicates that at least one, but possibly two, lagged terms are required for ACM beta estimation using monthly return data for a sample of Australian securities.
Scale Economies in the N.S.W. Credit Union Industry
Authors: Crapp Harvey R.
Published: January 2010

The cost functions of Credit Unions in N.S.W. are examined with a view to determining the existence of scale economies. Cost functions were estimated on pooled data for 1979–1980 assuming the underlying production function is Cobb-Douglas. The study tentatively established nonexistence of scale economies, however significant cost advantages were obtained by those credit unions which had greater involvement with technology.
Accounting Ratios and Models of Takeover Target Screens: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Castagna A. D. , Matolcsy Z. P.
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study is to provide further evidence on the usefulness of published accounting information for identifying takeover targets. A number of screening models of takeover targets based on historical accounting data are developed using multivariate statistical techniques and the predictive ability of these models is assessed.
A Simple Exposition of The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Approximation
Authors: Beggs John J.
Published: January 2010

This paper presents the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) in a finite economy for the familiar case of quadratic utility functions. The standard APT result of a linear relationship between expected returns and the covariances of returns is shown to be approximately true, and an expression for the error of the approximation is given. Some suggestive calculations indicate that the error in the approximation is likely to be small.
Ex-Dividend Day Behaviour of Australian Share Prices
Authors: Brown Philip , Walter Terry
Published: January 2010

In North America, on the day a stock has first been quoted ex-dividend, its price has tended to fall by less than the amount of the dividend. Australian dividends likewise have been discounted, by about 25% relative to capital gains. Explanations for the North American discount have included higher taxes on dividends than on capital gains, but this explanation begs questions of marginal transaction costs, time lags embedded in arbitrage and the fact that the tax positions of Australian shareholders are more complex than a simple tax-driven preference for capital gains would suggest. The anomalous share price behaviour extends before and after the ex-dividend day, and has implications for time-related anomalies observed for the market as a whole.
Formalisation and Organisational Effectiveness in Hospitals
Authors: Hetherington Robert W.
Published: January 2010

This study tests four propositions concerning the relationship between formalisation and organisational performance. The propositions are based on Hage's axiomatic theory, wherein formalisation is inversely associated with worker satisfaction and organisational adaptation, and positively associated with efficiency and production. Data were collected by questionnaire from 348 respondents from 92 units of eight hospitals, measuring formalisation, complexity, coördination, climate for change, quality of care and worker satisfaction. Propositions were tested on data aggregated to the unit level.

Findings strongly indicate the need for careful respecification of the Hage model in terms of subconcepts of structural and performance measures. Confirmations are reported for four of the five propositions examined, and specified in terms of the subconcepts involved. Unexpected reversals are also found, however, suggesting that formalisation under some circumstances is beneficial for adaptation and morale, but conducive to inefficiencies under other circumstances.
Put-Call Parity: Evidence From the Australian Options Market
Authors: Taylor Stephen L.
Published: January 2010

This study tests the relative prices of exchange traded puts and calls. Some evidence of violation of the parity conditions are found, particularly in the period immediately prior to expiry of the options and in instances where the exercise price exceeds the market price of the underlying stock. But violations of this type are difficult to exploit after allowing for possible transaction costs. Although transaction costs cannot explain the existence of these violations, they do provide a rationale for their non-exploitation.
Product Innovation Strategies and Performance of Australian Firms
Authors: Dwyer Larry , Mellor Robert
Published: January 2010

This study investigates the relationship between product innovation strategies and new product success for N = 108 Australian firms. Five different types of strategies were identified. Interestingly, the different strategies had quite similar levels of reported success, suggesting that firms adapt their product innovation strategies to allow for industry and market conditions. Overall, however, the best-performing strategy appeared to consist of technical fit, attention to customer needs, and aggressive marketing.
Prudential Regulation and Australian Credit Unions
Authors: Davis Kevin
Published: January 2010

This paper examines the impact of recent changes in the prudential regulation of non-bank financial institutions in Australia, with a particular focus upon the implications for coöperative financial institutions, such as credit unions. Such institutions are unable to raise external capital to satisfy regulatory capital requirements, and are thus forced to rely upon retained surpluses to generate capital. This, it is argued, creates an incompatibility between the regulatory structure and institutional for M, imposes an arbitrary constraint on coöperatives' growth and can induce a focus upon inappropriate financial targets by credit union management. A further impediment to the survival of coöperative financial institutions can be found in the risk weights applied for capital adequacy purposes. It is suggested that these constraints will hasten the on-going decline in the number of credit unions through mergers and conversions to alternative for Ms.
Sex, Rank and Qualifications at Australian Universities
Authors: Everett James E.
Published: January 2010

Surveys of the demographics of academic staff at four Australian universities in 1978/9, 1984 and 1990 show a steadily increasing female participation. But throughout the period, women tended to occupy lower ranks, and to have lower qualifications, than men. This paper examines the extent to which the lower rank of women than men can be explained by their lower qualifications, specifically age, publication, highest degree and length of service. The results provide strong evidence to conclude that at each of the four institutions there are significant and considerable sex differences in rank, not explained by these qualifications, and that these sex discrepancies in rank did not appreciably diminish between 1978/9 and 1990, despite the increased participation of women in the academic workforce over that period.
The Role of R&D Capitalisations in Firm Valuation and Perfor Mance Measurement
Authors: Abrahams Tony , Sidhu Baljit K.
Published: January 2010

We investigate the value‐relevance of capitalised R&D on the balance sheet, and the extent to which R&D accruals improve the association between accounting‐based measures of firm perfor Mance and capital market returns for Australian listed companies. This is a regulatory setting where management discretion in the capitalisation decision is permitted and can be empirically observed. Our results suggest that capitalised R&D on the balance sheets of selective capitalisers is value‐relevant; that is, the ability of capitalised R&D to explain infor Mation contained in prices (given infor Mation conveyed by other components of the balance sheet) is statistically significant. For the same group of firms R&D accruals (particularly the initial capitalisation) improve accounting earnings as a measure of perfor Mance but only for the pooled sample using contemporaneous returns. The results for the fully expensing sample are less clear, perhaps due to the small sample size.
Curriculum Vitae et connaissance prealable des personnes: Leur interet pour la conduite des entretiens biographiques
Authors: Cochoy Franck
Published: January 2010

Currlculum Vltae and Prevlous Knowledge of Interviewees - Its Interest for Conducting Biographical Interviews. The conduct of biographical interviews usually neglects the importance of precise knowledge of people before interviewing them. This paper suggests that personal names play a decisive role in the building of personal identities and trajectories, and examines the methodological consequences of such a statement. It shows to what extent the use of curriculum vitae and of any biographical information is an appropriate device to prepare and conduct the interviews. As a customized interviewing guide, biographical knowledge is presented as a means of eliciting an interviewee's key life periods.
Problems in Comparative and Triangulated Homelessness Research
Authors: Marpsat Maryse
Published: January 2010

Les problèmes de la recherche comparative et triangulation sur les sans domicile fixe. En 1992, l'Institut national d'Etudes Démogaphique (INED), à Paris, a commencé un progamme de recherche sur les sans domicile fixe, en combinant des entretiens ouverts avec les sans-abris et ceux qui s'en occupaient, et plusieurs enquêtes statistiques sur les sans-abris à Paris, les deux principales étant l'enquête sur 591 adultes sans domicile fixe (1995) et l'enquête sur 461 jeunes sans-abris âgés de 16 à 24 ans (1998). La méthodologie de ces enquêtes était proche de celle de plusieurs études américaines, notamment l'enquête nationale en 1987 de l'Urban Institute, l'enquête de 1991 de RTI sur les sans-abris de Washington, et l'enquête nationale de 1996 sur les sans domicile fie du Bureau of the Census. Donc, des comparaisons sont possible. Ce rapport se concentre sur deux aspects. Premièrement, basé sur les études de sans domicile fixe à Paris et aux Etats-Unis, je présente les problèmes de comparaisons internationales qui ressortent des différences de méthodologie, de définitions, de terrains d'enquête, etc., ce qui rend difficile la comparaison de résultats; et les différences de politiques de diminution de la pauvreté, d'aider les sans abris, de gérer l'immigration ou les malades mentaux, etc., qui rendent aussi l'interprétation difficile. Deuxièmement, j'étude l'utilisation de la triangulation d'enquêtes statistiques et des entretiens ouverts, utilisant des exemples pris dans notre progamme. Cette dernière question sera traitée du point-de-vue d'un scientifique faisant une enquête statistique, mais montrant la contribution des données qualitatives à des recherches quantitatives.
Thoughts On the Clarification of Sociological Concepts
Authors: Riggs Fred W.
Published: January 2010

Réflexions sur la clarification des concepts sociologiques. Les concepts sont des unités de pensée ou de connaissance et ne doivent pas être confondus avec les mots qui les représentent. Les mots trouvés dans le dictionnaire représentent souvent plusieurs concepts. Si habituellement nous comprenons les intentions d'un auteur, c'est parce que le contexte n'autorise qu'un seul des sens du mot. Quant on hésite sur le sens à donner à un mot, on prend un dictionnaire ou un lexique où ses différents sens sont proposés et on choisit celui qui semble le plus pertinent. Un nombre croissant de lexiques spécialisés permet de faire face à la prolifération de la terminologie technique et il est heureux que beaucoup de ces lexiques puissent être consultés en ligne. Cependant ces outils lexicographiques, ainsi que d'autres, souffrent tous de l'impossibilité de replacer les concepts dans le contexte des théories et des réseaux conceptuels qui leur donnent sens. Ils ont besoin d'être complétés par les analyses tant sémantiques que lexicographiques que les auteurs en font. Internet permet maintenant d'accélérer et d'améliorer le processus antérieur en systématisant l'innovation conceptuelle. L'auteur en donne plusieurs exemples dont un site de terminologie sur l'ethnicité et un lexique assez étendu de linguistique.
Landmark Papers in Survey Statistics
Authors: Nathan Gad
Published: January 2010

Les papiers fondateurs de statistiques d'enquête. Cet article est une version de l'introduction écrite par l'auteur pour le volume commémoratif de l'Association Internationale des Statisticiens d'Enquête (AISE), Landmark Papers in Survey Statisticis, qui a été publié à la fin de l'an dernier. Il est reproduit ici avec l'autorisation de l'AISS qui conserve tout droit de copyright. L'article comprend aussi les références concernant les articles cités.
Computer Assisted Pretesting of CATI Questionnaires (Captiq)
Authors: Faulbaum Frank
Published: January 2010

Prétests assistés par ordinateur des questionnaires CATI : Des prétests par observation ou des prétests standards de questionnaires CATI sont problématiques puisque l'enregistrement du comportement observé du répondant doit etre fait soit pendant l'entretien, soit après en remplissant des formulaires d'observation. L'enregistrement pendant l'entretien peut etre une tâche lourde pour l'intervieweur qui essaie de mener correctement l'entretien. L'enregistrement après l'entretien introduit le problème de la fiabilité. Dans cet article, l'auteur présente une méthode Prétest Assisté par Ordinateur de Questionnaires d'Entretien Téléphonique (Computer-Assisted Pretesting of Telephone Interview Questionnaires ou CAPTIQ) qui permet le codage du comportement du répondant pendant l'entretien sans surcharger l'intervieweur qui peut faire ce travail sans interrompre la continuité de l'entretien. Les données prétests recueillies par CAPTIQ pour chaque question et chaque répondant peuvent être considérées comme des données longitudinales représentées par un graphique appelé un IPD (Interview Process Graph). Comme un électrocardiogramme, un IPD révèle les zones problématiques lors de l'entretien. Il en résulte des informations recueillies sur les problèmes d'échelles de réponses et sur le processus d'apprentissage initialisé par les répondants lors de la passation du questionnaire. Les problèmes de compréhension associés aux questions apparaissent comme des oscillations dans l'IPG. L'article décrit la méthode CAPTIQ et présente une utilisation d'un IPG dans l'évaluation d'un questionnaire CATI pour une enquête nationale sur le santé et sur l'utilisation des médias.
La "mise en variables" des textes : mythe ou réalité ?
Authors: de Peretti Gaël
Published: January 2010

Turning Texts into Variables, Myth or Reality: The statistical analysis of responses to open questions is the subject of many controversies between supporters and critics, but also among supporters concerning the choice of methods of analysis and of data construction. With an example, we focus our attention on two controversies: the interest of using open questions; the use of techniques for transforming corpora of texts (normalization and lemmatization). The pertinence of open questions is established, but tuming texts into variables remains a delicate task in textual analysis and requires reflexive considerations necessary particularly in the interpretation of results.
Integrating Exchange and Heuristic Theories of Survey Nonresponse
Authors: Goyder John , Boyer Luc , Martinelli Guil
Published: January 2010

L'intégration des théories d'échanges et des théories heuristiques de la non-réponse dans les enquêtes : Depuis dix ans, on constate un intérêt croissant dans la théorisation de la non-réponse dans les enquêtes: Des chercheurs tels que Dillman, Groves et Couper ont construit pour tous les domaines des sciences sociales des schémas conceptuels pour expliquer pourquoi des gens acceptent ou refusent de participer à des enquêtes. Mais l'approfondissement conceptuel est source de complexification et de confusion. En débutant avec l'analyse de l'usage actuel, dans des articles sur la non-réponse dans plusieurs revues reconnues, des relations entre la théorie des échanges et la théorie des heuristiques psychologiques en faveur de la participation, nous construisons un schéma conceptuel à deux dimensions. Basé sur des travaux de Groves et Couper, une dimension est définie comme « l'importance de la prise de décision ». Ceci aide à situer l'interprétation heuristique des décisions de participer. La seconde dimension, appelée « force des facteurs culturels », clarifie les variétés différentes de la théorie des échanges qui examinent la décision de participer. De ce point de vue, il devient clair qu'une source de confusion dans la théorisation de la non-réponse est l'hétérogénéité des approches rassemblées sous le nom « d'échanges sociaux ». Au niveau le plus général, les échanges sociaux forment l'arrière plan de la plupart des théorisations de la non-réponse, mais une fois définis plus spécifiquement, il est possible de les emboîter dans l'une ou l'autre des cases d'un tableau à deux dimensions.
Toutes choses égales par ailleurs - Comparer deux congrès de L'Association Française de Sociologie
Authors: Torny Didier. , Trabal Patrick
Published: January 2010

All Things Otherwise Equal, Comparing Two Congresses of the French Sociological Association: This article analyzes the corpus of the 1,190 summaries of the French Sociologicial Association congress (Bordeaux, 2006) from a comparative point of view. It is focused on the multiple means and significances of a comparative study by mobilizing three approaches. The first aims at questioning the permanence of the summaries' authors and of the congress thematic organization. The second mobilizes certain Prospéro software algorithms to identify the more remarkable lexical and semantic variations. Finally, we continue the study certain objects whose heuristic value has been shown in our preceding analyses. Questioning comparative work, we show, at the same time, how the software provides a cognitive economy and empowers the interpretative inquiry of social scientists.
Co-Word Text Analysis Applied to Political Science: 2006 International Political & "Parapolitical" Headlines
Authors: van Meter Karl M. , de Saint Léger Mathilde
Published: January 2010

Analyse textuelle par mots associés en sciences politiques - les titres 2006 de la politique et de la « parapolique » internationales : Un système d'analyse textuelle par co-occurrence de mots clefs, Calliope, analyse un ensemble de titres de rapports quotidiens des médias de 2006 sur des événements politiques et « parapolitiques » fourni par le journal, Intelligence. Ces événements politiques (utilisation publiquement avouée du pouvoir politique) et parapolitiques (utilisation non avouée du pouvoir politique) sont divisés en trois périodes successives de quatre mois, chaque période fournit un « diagramme stratégique » avec un axe de centralité et un axe de densité. Des graphiques longitudinaux de mots clefs "émergeants" et "déclinants" sont aussi fournis. Ces résultats permettent une analyse et une interprétation originales des événements de 2006.
French Sociology as Seen Through the Co-Word Analysis of AFS Congress Abstracts: 2004, 2006 & 2009
Authors: de Saint Léger Mathilde , van Meter Karl M.
Published: January 2010

La sociologie française vue à travers l'analyse par mots associés des résumés des congrès de l'AFS - 2004, 2006 & 2009 : Nous appliquons le logiciel d'analyse textuelle Calliope à l'ensemble de tous les résumés de communications au congrès 2009 de l'Association française de sociologie (AFS). Nous présentons une vue générale de la structure et du contenu de cet ensemble de données, et nous examinons en détail les clusters dominants associés à "violence", "travail", "femme", "salaire", "domaine scolaire" et "santé". Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux des analyses des résumés des congrès AFS de 2004 et de 2006. Malgré la domination du thème du congrès de 2009- «violence et sociétés" - nous trouvons une fois de plus le rôle structurant majeur des deux composants associés à "travail" et "femme".
Cross-Cultural and International Comparative Research of Social Mobility
Authors: Andorka Rudolf
Published: January 2010

Recherche comparative trans-culturelle et internationale sur la mobilité sociale. Présenté initialement au Conseil de Recherche de l'Association Internationale de Sociologie en octobre 1988 à Ljubljana, Yougoslavie, cet article retrace en détail le développement et l'évolution des études de mobilité sociale, et leur comparaison entre pays, depuis leurs origines dans les années 1920 et à travers plusleurs "générations" avec leurs méthodes spéclfiques telles que les taux entrées-sorties, la "path analysis", l'analyse log-linéaire, et les histories de vie.
Images De La Recherche Sociologique Actuelle
Authors: Chartron Ghislaine , Degenne Alain , Lebeaux Marie-Odile , Mounier Lise
Published: January 2010

Images of Current Sociological Research. Three sociological associations participated in 1988 in the production of a directory of French-speaking sociologists: Sociologie française et francophone. This directory includes research topics - presented as text in an open question - and key words. After an initial compilation of the vocabulary (with Lexinet), 1460 entreis were the object of a statistical classification analysis (with Leximappe) in order to reveal the research problematics covered by the corpus. A statistical indicator of coherence and a more subjective evaluation of thematic coherence showed: research specialties which were both narrow and very homogeneous, more open specialties organized around a thematic core, and finally traditional specialties which persist. It is more the objects of study than the concepts employed which structure the domain. It is a picture of a rich and active sociology closely tied to social problems.
Strategies of Nucleus Formation in Agglomerative Clustering Techniques
Authors: Balley Kenneth D.
Published: January 2010

Strategies de formation des noyaux dans les techniques de classification. Les techniques de classification sont largement reconnues dans les sciences sociales et biologiques. De nombreuses techniques basées sur des algorithmes variés ont été diffusées. Malheureusement, peu d'attention a été portée à la manière dont les noyaux sont formés. C'est un enjeu important: le choix des noyaux initiaux peut grandement affecter la constitution des classes finales. Dans cet article sont présentées les effets de quatre techniques de formation des noyaux: une méthode objective et une méthode subjective de minimalisation de la variance inter-cluster; une méthode objective et une méthode subjective de maximalisation de la variance inter-cluster. Je conclue que la pratique habituelle d'initialisation du cluster avec une paire réciproque pour minimiser la variance intra à la fois pour les méthodes de liens uniques et de liens complets. Pour les techniques centrées sur la variance inter-cluster c'est une méthode subjective de formation des noyaux pour les analyses en termes de liens uniques. Les méthodes de formation de noyaux par maximisation de la variance inter-cluster, qu'elles soient objectives ou subjectives, se sont montrées insuffisantes pour la classification par liens complets car elles privilégient des noyaux qui ne sont pas suffisamment centraux pour engendrer le cluster et qui peuvent même être extérieurs.