bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibodies from dengue patients with prior exposure to Japanese encephalitis virus are broadly neutralizing against Zika virus
Authors: Salem Gielenny M. , Galula Jedhan Ucat , Wu Shang-Rung , Liu Jyung-Hurng , Chen Yen-Hsu , Wang Wen-Hung , Wang Sheng-Fan , Song Cheng-Sheng , Chen Fan-Chi , Abarientos Adrian B. , Chen Guan-Wen , Wang Cheng-I , Chao Day-Yu
Published: January 2024

Exposure to multiple mosquito-borne flaviviruses within a lifetime is not uncommon; however, how sequential exposures to different flaviviruses shape the cross-reactive humoral response against an antigen from a different serocomplex has yet to be explored. Here, we report that dengue-infected individuals initially primed with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) showed broad, highly neutralizing potencies against Zika virus (ZIKV). We also identified a rare class of ZIKV-cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies with increased somatic hypermutation and broad neutralization against multiple flaviviruses. One huMAb, K8b, binds quaternary epitopes with heavy and light chains separately interacting with overlapping envelope protein dimer units spanning domains I, II, and III through cryo-electron microscopy and structure-based mutagenesis. JEV virus-like particle immunization in mice further confirmed that such cross-reactive antibodies, mainly IgG3 isotype, can be induced and proliferate through heterologous dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 virus-like particle stimulation. Our findings highlight the role of prior immunity in JEV and DENV in shaping the breadth of humoral response and provide insights for future vaccination strategies in flavivirus-endemic countries.
A marine heatwave drives significant shifts in pelagic microbiology
Authors: Brown Mark V. , Ostrowski Martin , Messer Lauren F. , Bramucci Anna , van de Kamp Jodie , Smith Matthew C. , Bissett Andrew , Seymour Justin , Hobday Alistair J. , Bodrossy Levente
Published: January 2024

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) cause disruption to marine ecosystems, deleteriously impacting macroflora and fauna. However, effects on microorganisms are relatively unknown despite ocean temperature being a major determinant of assemblage structure. Using data from thousands of Southern Hemisphere samples, we reveal that during an “unprecedented” 2015/16 Tasman Sea MHW, temperatures approached or surpassed the upper thermal boundary of many endemic taxa. Temperate microbial assemblages underwent a profound transition to niche states aligned with sites over 1000 km equatorward, adapting to higher temperatures and lower nutrient conditions bought on by the MHW. MHW conditions also modulate seasonal patterns of microbial diversity and support novel assemblage compositions. The most significant affects of MHWs on microbial assemblages occurred during warmer months, when temperatures exceeded the upper climatological bounds. Trends in microbial response across several MHWs in different locations suggest these are emergent properties of temperate ocean warming, which may facilitate monitoring, prediction and adaptation efforts.
A single-cell atlas of conventional central chondrosarcoma reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignant transformation
Authors: Su Zezhuo , Ho Joshua Wing Kei , Yau Raymond Ching Hing , Lam Ying Lee , Shek Tony Wai Hung , Yeung Maximus Chun Fai , Chen Hongtai , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Cheah Kathryn Song Eng , Cheung Kelvin Sin Chi
Published: January 2024

The transformation of benign lesions to malignant tumours is a crucial aspect of understanding chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage tumours that could develop from benign chondroid lesions. However, the process of malignant transformation for chondroid lesions remains poorly understood, and no reliable markers are available to aid clinical decision-making. To address this issue, we conducted a study analysing 11 primary cartilage tumours and controls using single-cell RNA sequencing. By creating a single-cell atlas, we were able to identify the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the malignant transformation of conventional central chondrosarcomas (CCCS). Our research revealed that lower levels of ER stress promote chondrosarcoma growth in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, while intensive ER stress reduces primary chondrosarcoma cell viability. Furthermore, we discovered that the NF-κB pathway alleviates ER stress-induced apoptosis during chondrosarcoma progression. Our single-cell signatures and large public data support the use of key ER stress regulators, such as DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3; also known as CHOP), as malignant markers for overall patient survival. Ultimately, our study highlights the significant role that ER stress plays in the malignant transformation of cartilaginous tumours and provides a valuable resource for future diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
The anti-COVID-19 drug Paxlovid crosses biological barriers of the placenta and brain in rats
Authors: Lee Wan-Hsin , Sun Chung-Kai , Chang Chun-Hao , Yang Muh-Hwa , Tsai Tung-Hu
Published: January 2024

Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir) is an orally available drug for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. However, limited information remains on the biological barrier transfer of nirmatrelvir. In the present study, we investigated whether nirmatrelvir crosses the blood-placenta barrier to reach the conceptus (the collective term for the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid) during pregnancy and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in male rats. Additionally, in this study, gender and pregnancy issues were investigated. Multisite microdialysis coupled with validated UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to monitor nirmatrelvir levels in maternal blood and the conceptus in pregnant rats and of the blood and brain in male and nonpregnant female rats after administration of nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) combined with ritonavir (7 mg/kg, i.v.). Pharmacokinetic results showed that nirmatrelvir rapidly penetrates the blood–placenta barrier to reach the conceptus after administration of nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and nirmatrelvir (15 mg/kg, i.v.) combined with ritonavir (7 mg/kg, i.v.) in pregnant rats. Nirmatrelvir also crosses the BBB in male and nonpregnant female rats in the same dose regimen. Compared to sex and pregnancy factors, the results show that protein-unbound nirmatrelvir increased significantly during pregnancy and did not differ between nonpregnant female and male rats. The results indicated that the concentrations of nirmatrelvir in the blood, conceptus, and brain were higher than the effective concentration of 90% (total EC90 = 292 ng/mL, unbound EC90 = 90.5 ng/mL, 181 nM) after the administration of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir. Ritonavir provides a synergistic pharmacokinetic effect. Pregnancy is an important issue with increased protein-unbound nirmatrelvir in the blood and tissues.
Multiplex detection of the big five carbapenemase genes using solid-phase recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Johnson Christopher L. , Setterfield Matthew A. , Hassanain Waleed A. , Wipat Anil , Pocock Matthew , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan , Keegan Neil
Published: January 2024

The development of solid-phase recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay against the big 5 carbapenemase genes. The assay result can be measured using both a benchtop microplate reader and portable Raman spectrometer.
Advances in electrochemical-optical dual-mode biosensors for detection of environmental pathogens
Authors: Hsu Chou-Yi , Saleh Raed Obaid , Pallathadka Harikumar , Kumar Abhinav , Mansouri Sofiene , Bhupathi Priyadharshini , Jasim Ali Saad Hayif , Al-Mashhadani Zuhair I. , Alzubaidi Laith H. , Hizam Manar Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical techniques are commonly used to analyze and screen various environmental pathogens.
Advances in heterocycle synthesis through photochemical carbene transfer reactions
Authors: Xie Zi-Yi , Xuan Jun
Published: January 2024

In this feature article, we focus on the photochemical strategy for the construction of heterocyclic skeletons, specifically highlighting the methods that employ visible light-promoted carbene transfer reactions.
Dual-mode optical biosensor based on multi-functional DNA structures for detecting bioactive small molecules
Authors: Guo Li , Chen Dandan , Wang Huijie , Meng Xinzhu , Yan Yongcun , Zhi Shuangcheng , Dai Senquan , Bi Sai
Published: January 2024

Semiconducting polymer dots and hemin functionalized DNA nanoflowers are prepared for the construction of a fluorescent/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor, achieving the detection of dopamine and glutathione in complex biological samples.
Co–Fe catalyst supported on acidified bentonite for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Shi Haixiang , Xu Yiyuan , Su Tongming , Luo Xuan , Xie Xinling , Qin Zuzeng , Ji Hongbing
Published: January 2024

Acidified bentonite supported Co and Fe catalyst (Co–Fe/ACBT) with abundant strong Lewis acid sites was used for cinnamaldehyde selective hydrogenation, which showed a great catalytic activity with 90.5% CAL conversion and 86.8% COL selectivity.
1,5-Diiodocycloctane: a cyclane solvent additive that can extend the exciton diffusion length in thick film organic solar cells
Authors: Sun Fengbo , Zheng Xufan , Hu Tianyu , Wu Jingnan , Wan Ming , Xiao Yuanyuan , Cong Tingting , Li Yuda , Xiao Biao , Shan Juan , Wang Ergang , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang
Published: January 2024

The addition of cyclane 1,5-diiodocycloctane (DICO) provides critical roles in extending exciton diffusion length within active layer, consequently contributing to the improvement in the power conversion. efficiency in thick film organic solar cells.
Green acetyl modification of puerarin to form puerarin 6′′-O-acetate using engineered Escherichia coli with favorable pathways and elevated acetyl-CoA supply
Authors: Wang Xue-Ning , Sheng Li , Guo Xin-Yi , Sun Hua , Kong Jian-Qiang
Published: January 2024

Green acetylation of puerarin to form puerarin 6′′-O-acetate using engineered Escherichia coli capable of synthesizing acetyl-CoA.
Phase transformation between CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals by a cationic oligomeric ligand and water, and their water resistance
Authors: Saito Norio , Urayama Akihiro , Takei Takahiro , Kumada Nobuhiro
Published: January 2024

Repeatable phase transformation between CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals, induced by a cationic oligomeric ligand and water.
A histidine-functionalized ROS scavenging hybrid nanozyme for therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Prasad Sanjay , Nayak Parth Sarathi , D'Silva Patrick
Published: January 2024

(1) Functionalized NPs mimic the SOD1 enzyme and demonstrate robust nanozyme activity. (2) Nanozyme exhibits mitochondrial localization and maintains redox homeostasis. (3) Nanozyme inhibits Parkinson’s Disease progression through anti-apoptotic function.
Environment-friendly approach for synthesis of promising porous carbon: empowering supercapacitors for a sustainable future
Authors: Dhapola Pawan Singh , Karakoti Manoj , Kumar Sushant , Punetha Vinay Deep , Matiyani Monika , Masmali N.A , Diantoro Markus , Savilov Serguei V. , Singh Pramod K.
Published: January 2024

This work reports, for the first time, the conversion of polyethylene oxide (PEO) into porous carbon (PC) and its application in supercapacitors (SC).
Detonation of fulminating gold produces heterogeneous gold nanoparticles
Authors: Uszko Jan Maurycy , Eichhorn Stephen J. , Patil Avinash J. , Hall Simon R.
Published: January 2024

Nanoparticles are the solution to the mystery of unusual purple smoke created in the detonation of the first ever high explosive, fulminating gold.
Biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids
Authors: Luo Pan , Huang Jia-Hua , Lv Jian-Ming , Wang Gao-Qian , Hu Dan , Gao Hao
Published: January 2024

This review covers all fungal terpenoid cyclases (TCs), including class I and II TCs as well as emerging UbiA-type TCs, together with their tailoring enzymes, focusing on newly identified TCs and tailoring enzymes from 2015 to August 2023.
Intracellular biocompatible hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters as single-photon sources and barcodes
Authors: Kavčič Aljaž , Podlipec Rok , Krišelj Ana , Jelen Andreja , Vella Daniele , Humar Matjaž
Published: January 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles with color centers work as single-photon emitters from within live cells and enable robust photonic barcoding.
First-principles theory of the nitrogen interstitial in hBN: a plausible model for the blue emitter
Authors: Ganyecz Ádám , Babar Rohit , Benedek Zsolt , Aharonovich Igor , Barcza Gergely , Ivády Viktor
Published: January 2024

We elaborate on the methodology of computing color centers in periodic and cluster models of hBN. Using first-principles methods, we determined various optical properties of the nitrogen interstitial defect and compared them to experimental results.
Cross aldol OPAL bioconjugation outcompetes intramolecular hemiaminal cyclisation of proline adjacent N-terminal α-oxo aldehydes at acidic pH
Authors: Tufail Afzaal , Akkad Saeed , Hatton Natasha E. , Yates Nicholas D. J. , Spears Richard J. , Keenan Tessa , Parkin Alison , Signoret Nathalie , Fascione Martin A.
Published: January 2024

Bioconjugation at N-terminal α-oxo aldehydes is challenging when proline is adjacent due to competing cyclisation. In this study we show aldol bioconjugations can outcompete this cyclisation at acidic pH in modifications of peptides and proteins.
Development of a green scalable route toward the synthesis of bio-based 2-pyrones
Authors: Righetti Grazia Isa C. , Gambarotti Cristian , Bjørsvik Hans-René
Published: January 2024

Optimization of the synthesis of bio-based 2-pyrones from galactaric acid, by means of a statistical design of experiments.
Revealing the synergistic effect of LiF and Li3N in solid electrolyte interphases for stable lithium metal batteries using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Zhang Jianxun , Zhang Lihan , Li Xiaojing , Zhao Rui , Liu Yuanming , Wang Zile , Lu Xuewei , Xin Yan , Tian Huajun , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: January 2024

Specific inorganic components (e.g., pure LiF-, Li3N- and LiF/Li3N composites) were obtained in solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) for lithium metal batteries and synergistic functional mechanism of the LiF and Li3N in SEIs were fully investigated.
Bay-substituted octaazaperopyrenedioxides as solid-state emitters for strong light-matter coupling
Authors: Hertzog Manuel , Eichelmann Robert , Jeudy Pierre , Wesp Tobias , Ballmann Joachim , Settele Simon , Sebastian Finn L. , Mischok Andreas , Le Roux Florian , Tenopala-Carmona Francisco , Gather Malte C. , Gade Lutz H. , Zaumseil Jana
Published: January 2024

Organic solid-state emitters based on a twisted octaazaperopyrenedioxide core can be processed from solution into smooth and highly fluorescent thin films and are integrated directly into optical microcavities for strong light-matter coupling.
Electrophotoredox cerium-catalyzed decarboxylative radical cyclization cascade for the synthesis of alkylated benzimidazo-fused isoquinolinones
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Dehui , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu
Published: January 2024

We report an electrophotoredox cerium-catalyzed LMCT strategy to incorporate carboxylic acids into radical cyclization cascades. This protocol provides a solution to address the challenges in alkylated benzimidazo-fused isoquinolinone synthesis.
Formation of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine via coupling of the two charge reversed C–N bonds of Me3NO in the presence of an Eu(ii) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complex
Authors: Li Yangjuan , Gong Yu
Published: January 2024

An N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) complex of Eu(ii) was synthesized via an unprecedented self-aminomethylation reaction of Me3NO in the presence of Eu[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2, during which charge reversal of Me3NO is involved.
Study of traffic safety on the street and road network of Ternopil
Authors: Popovych Pavlo , Popovych Danylo , Rozum Ruslan , Shevchuk Oksana , Buriak Mykola , Chorna Olga , Zaharchuk Olena , Brych Vasyl , Murovanyi Igor , Falovych Nataliia , Borysiak Olena , Melnychenko Vasyl
Published: January 2024

The road safety issues in the city of Ternopil are studied in this article. The found actual deficiencies were structured according to the main indicators. Based on the analysis of the movement of traffic flows in the morning period, the most problematic sections of the SRN (street and road network) were identified. In general, the speed of traffic flows along the SRN in the evening peak period was found significantly lower than in the morning peak period. To analyze road traffic safety in the city of Ternopil, a cartographic method was applied. Based the obtained results, the road accidents in Ternopil mostly occur along main streets without clearly defined places of concentration. In this regard, a conditional indicator of the danger of transport corridors of Ternopil was derived, which allows analyzing the predominant location (clustering) of road accidents with victims in each district of the city. The current policy and practices of Ternopil in the field of road safety management need improvement. However, the volume of performed measures does not fully cover the need in traffic safety insurance and information provision of traffic participants. In general, it can be stated that proactive actions in the field of ensuring traffic safety are just starting in Ternopil (“starting city”). Thus, it differs favorably from the vast majority of other regional centers, in which the problem of traffic safety has not been even discussed so far. In addition, the plan for sustainable urban mobility is under consideration in the Ternopil City Territorial Community.
The research of the transport infrastructure development in Ternopil
Authors: Popovych Pavlo , Rozum Ruslan , Shevchuk Oksana , Buriak Mykola , Chorna Olga , Zaharchuk Olena , Brych Vasyl , Rudyak Yurii , Falovych Nataliia , Borysiak Olena , Maiak Mykola , Melnychenko Vasyl
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the state of transport infrastructure of the city of Ternopil in order to further develop a plan for sustainable urban mobility for territorial community of Ternopil city. To satisfy the existing needs of passengers in high-quality transport service, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of buses with large and medium passenger capacities. However, according to the principles of sustainable urban mobility, exploitation of the new “green” electric vehicles should be the priority for the modern transport policy of the community. Currently, the most problematic situation with insufficient parking spaces can be observed in the central part of Ternopil. In particular, the city is experiencing such situation due to the growing level of motorization of residents of Ternopil territorial community and, accordingly, the growing demand for the use of individual transport. To solve the current problem, various sources of financing, such as the city budget, the state budget, investments, loans, funds of individuals and legal entities are attracted. Despite this, the implementation of measures still largely depends on the local budget. Analysis of the allocation and development of fundings showed that there has been a prolonged underfinancing of works related to the transport infrastructure of Ternopil. An analysis of the actual indicators of the development of financial resources that have been allocated from the local budget to improve the state of SN for 2020 showed that they did not reach the planned values by 36.4%. Also, in 2020, according to the local budget, it was planned to finance the Program for the development of bicycle infrastructure of the city. The amount of financing was meant to be 2000.0 thousand UAH. However, in fact, no investments were actually made.
Application of strategic planning methods in assessing the transport sector as a national economic system component
Authors: Vasylenko Igor , Voitsehovskiy Viktor , Novikova Alla , Kuchma Olena , Ozerova Olha , Borets Iryna
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the rapidity of changes in phenomena and processes in the country�s transport system and the need to determine the most optimal methods for its assessment. The emergence of new challenges facing Ukraine's transport system requires additional study and assessment. Within the framework of the study, methods for assessing the transport sector of Ukraine were proposed and a corresponding assessment was carried out. The analysis revealed that the main export cargo of our country is grain and ores, while imports are dominated by ore and coal. The development trends and consequences of the transformation of Ukraine's transport sector were systematised, and the corresponding scheme was provided. A detailed analysis of Ukraine's transport markets during the wartime period was carried out with the development of relevant theoretical and practical recommendations for integration into the European space and unification of relevant regulations.
Hardware random numbers generator based on microcontroller
Authors: Ostapets Denys , Dziuba Volodymyr , Ivin Pavlo
Published: January 2024

The work considers the principles of development and organization of the random number generation system using a hardware generator of true random numbers. An analysis of noise sources for a hardware generator of true random numbers has been carried out. The architecture of the random and pseudo-random number generation system, the structure of the hardware part, and the interaction protocol of the system elements have been developed. Hardware and software of the system are implemented. An analysis of numbers sequences randomness degree obtained in different modes was carried out using a NIST statistical tests suite and visual tests. Recommendations for using the system are given.
Research of geometric parameters of symmetric railroad switches
Authors: Oliinyk Olena , Boiko Volodymyr , Molchanov Vitalii , Soroka Olha
Published: January 2024

Turnouts are a barrier in the track for setting the permissible speeds of trains movements on the main tracks, as they have special structural devices for branching traffic from the main track to the side one. Symmetrical switches have a number of advantages over conventional ones: with the same grade as conventional switches, symmetrical switches can provide significantly higher train speeds on the side tracks; with the same radii of transfer curves, symmetrical switches have a shorter length; while maintaining the length of the curve and radius, crosses with a larger angle than in conventional switches can be used. These qualities of single, multilateral symmetrical switches have determined their field of application. On the mainline tracks, symmetrical switches are used in marshalling yards of stations, as well as in main lines when it is necessary to achieve higher speeds on both side lines. Symmetrical switches by their purpose and design have significant differences from the most common conventional switches, and therefore research on these structures is important and relevant. Moreover, very few scientific papers have been devoted to such research, both in our country and abroad. This study reveals the problems of designing the frame rail junction - point, which is the most critical in the operation of a switch and ensuring the safety of trains passing through it.
Image segmentation method of rail head defects and area measurement of selected segments
Authors: Tverdomed Volodymyr , Gorban Anatoliy , Kushmar Lesia
Published: January 2024

The operation safety of railway transport, which is the most important economic and social factor, is largely determined by the technical condition of the rail track and measures to maintain the quality of its track management system. One of the system elements for ensuring the accident-free operation of the track is the technical diagnosis of rails using a method complex of non-destructive control of rails, such as acoustic (ultrasonic), magnetic, combined, etc., and monitoring of the track using methods of measuring the geometry of the rail track and its disturbances.

When the wheel interacts with the rail, especially on high-speed and load-stressed sections, defects and damage inevitably occur in the rails. A rather large share of such defects are on the rolling surface of the rail head. Formed defects develop rapidly, which seriously complicates the safety of train traffic. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of defects on the rolling surface of the rail head is very important. However, it is quite difficult to detect defects on the rolling surface of the rail by the acoustic (ultrasound) method due to the violation of tight contact between the rolling surface of the rail head and the piezoelectric transducer. In this case, it is quite convenient to detect surface defects of the rail head using video control.

The article provides a comparative analysis of segmentation methods. There has been presented the method of image segmentation of main rail defects based on general contour preparation and parallel-hierarchical (PH) transformation using their classification. The parallel-hierarchical transformation method allows to increase the segmentation accuracy of individual areas in the original image compared to similar ones. The algorithm of pyramidal generalized-contour preparation and the criterion system allows, by calculating the threshold for each level of the gray scale, to present the study of the image with the corresponding contour preparations at the segmentation level. Modeling of recursive generalized-contour preparation and PH transformation method for image segmentation problem of rail head defects shows that, compared to the segmentation method based on the increase of areas, the accuracy of image segmentation is better. A modified method of calculating the image contour area based on the coding of lines forming the boundaries of the black and white areas of the two-gradation image has been given.
Non-Thermal Liver Ablation: Existing and New Technology
Authors: Nakla Tiffany , Chow Jacqueline J. , Pham Kathleen , Abi-Jaoudeh Nadine
Published: January 2024

Cancer has and continues to be a complex health crisis plaguing millions around the world. Alcohol ablation was one of the initial methods used for the treatment of liver lesions. It was surpassed by thermal ablation which has played a big role in the therapeutic arsenal for primary and metastatic liver tumors. However, thermal ablation has several shortcomings and limitations that prompted the development of alternative technologies including electroporation and histotripsy. Percutaneous alcohol injection in the liver lesion leads to dehydration and coagulative necrosis. This technology is limited to the lesion with relative sparing of the surrounding tissue, making it safe to use adjacent to sensitive structures. Electroporation utilizes short high-voltage pulses to permeabilize the cell membrane and can result in cell death dependent on the threshold reached. It can effectively target the tumor margins and has lower damage rates to surrounding structures due to the short pulse duration. Histotripsy is a novel technology, and although the first human trial was just completed, its results are encouraging, given the sharp demarcation of the targeted tissue, lack of thermal damage, and potential for immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we discuss these techniques, their uses, and overall clinical benefit.
Small Pox Marks Face
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Tandon S. N.
Published: January 2024

An analysis of 57 cases collected between January 1959 to december 1968 at the Unit of Plastic Surgery, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India is presented. The description of the various parts affected, technique and post-operative Management is outlined. A brief discussion and follow up has been discribed.
Breast Reconstruction (A method for Augmentation)
Authors: Sethi S. S.
Published: January 2024

1. Da Silva markings of the breast have been described for performing Strombeck procedure for reduction mammaplasty, instead of Strom-beck's standard patterns.

2. Strambeck's procedure is also used for reconstruction of the breast, after extirpation of the breast-tissue for premalignant conditions, or a benign tumour.

3. The technique and the advantages are discussed.
“Z” Plasty Repair for Torn Ear Lobule
Authors: Lodha S. C.
Published: January 2024

Due to the heavy earrings, the ear lobule is often torn in Indian women. The recurrence rate is high in commonly performed operations. “Z” Plasty operation in its treatment is devoid of recurrence and adds length to the shrunken ear lobules. This is the only operation which solves all the problems faced by a Surgeon.
Vietnamese lived religion, Confucianism and women: goddess spirituality in Nguyễn Dữ’s the young woman from Nam Xuong
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan
Published: January 2024

Vietnam as a nation is deeply rooted in the wet-rice agricultural civilization, which is characterized by the Yin (female) principle and the religion worshiping Mother Goddess. However, Chinese Confucianism significantly influenced Vietnam throughout the feudal dynasties (10–19th centuries). Confucian kingship propagates symbols of virtuous women to establish the moral order of a male-dominated society. In contrast, by practicing lived religion and spreading folk narratives, Vietnamese people turn virtuous women into Mother Goddess with a liberal, creative and patronage identity. This study, thus, examines the position of women in Confucian Nguyễn Dữ’s The Young Woman from Nam Xuong, a canonical story reconstructed from legend. It is important to address the main concern about metaphors of a duality culture and a conflict discourse of Confucian politics and Vietnamese lived religion through the issue of Goddess spirituality. This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to demonstrate that resistance to Chinese Dominance and anti-Sinicization were significant issues of Vietnamese medieval literature and culture.
Do artists perceive blockchain as a new revenue opportunity? A social representation study of the Korean music industry
Authors: Park Yujun , Kim Seongcheol
Published: January 2024

Although blockchain has often been perceived as a game-changer that can revolutionize the music industry, it also retains possible challenges regarding the practicality of such innovative adoption. This study seeks to construe the realistic thoughts raised by artists regarding the new revenue opportunities arising from the adoption of blockchain in the Korean music industry. This involves the disintermediation of the obsolete music royalty distribution system and a new revenue channel from the Non-fungible Token market. Based on social representation theory and interviews with Korean artists, this study found ambivalent perceptions towards the adoption of blockchain in the music industry - hoping for new possibilities while also perceiving the impracticality of such innovation. Indeed, it may be too good to be true for artists who have observed the local domain with little change regardless of their continuous cries for help. After thorough discussion, the study provides key implications to induce sound settlement of an innovative technology.
Alloying effect of rare-earth tritellurides on the charge density wave and magnetic properties
Authors: Yumigeta Kentaro , Kopaczek Jan , Attarde Yashika , Sayyad Mohammed Y. , Blei Mark , Moosavy Seyed Tohid Rajaei , Yarra Anvesh , Ruddick Hayley , Povilus Blake , Banerjee Rounak , Ou Yunbo , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: January 2024

Among many van der Waals materials rare-earth tritellurides (RTe3) allow studying several phenomena like magnetic, superconducting, and charge density wave (CDW). These studies show the effect of cationic alloying of antiferromagnetic RTe3 for fully tunable near room-temperature CDW properties. DyxGd1−xTe3 and DyxTb1−xTe3 alloys were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport technique, and the rare-earth element composition was controlled by changing the ratio of rare-earth metal reagents. The results show that the lattice parameters can be continuously tuned with the composition of the rare-earth cations leading to the variation of the internal chemical pressure. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and electric transport measurement show that the CDW transition temperature (TCDW) of RTe3 alloys varies with lattice parameters/chemical pressure spanning across 300–380 K. Additional magnetism studies offer the first insights into the magnetic ordering in RTe3 alloys. The emergence of multiple magnetic transitions implies complex magnetic interactions that arise from interactions between different rare-earth elements. Overall findings introduce ways to control the CDW behavior and provide valuable insights into the magnetic ordering in RTe3 alloys, contributing to further investigation and a better understanding of their properties.
Validating methods for modeling composition gradients in planar shock experiments
Authors: Bradley P. A. , Rasmus A. , Stark D. J. , Loomis E. N. , Palaniyappan S. , Strickland A. , Vazirani N. , Huff M. , Xu H. , Sweet W.
Published: January 2024

An interface is Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) unstable when acceleration pushes a less dense material into a more dense one, and the growth of the instability is governed partly by the Atwood number gradient. Double-shell inertial confinement fusion capsules have a foam spacer layer pushing on an inner capsule composed of a beryllium tamper and high-Z inner shell, and so have RT unstable interfaces that require benchmarking. To this end, the results of a planar shock experiment with beryllium/tungsten targets are presented. One target had the normal bilayer construction of beryllium and tungsten in two distinct layers; the second target had the beryllium grading into tungsten with a quasi-exponential profile, motivated by the potential for reduced RT growth with the gradient profile. Simulations mimic the shock profiles for both targets and match the shock velocity to within 5%. These results validate the ability of our simulations to model double-shell capsules with bilayer or graded layer Be/W inner shells, which are needed to design future experiments at the National Ignition Facility.
M3ICRO: Machine learning-enabled compact photonic tensor core based on programmable multi-operand multimode interference
Authors: Gu Jiaqi , Zhu Hanqing , Feng Chenghao , Jiang Zixuan , Chen Ray T. , Pan David Z.
Published: January 2024

Photonic computing shows promise for transformative advancements in machine learning (ML) acceleration, offering ultrafast speed, massive parallelism, and high energy efficiency. However, current photonic tensor core (PTC) designs based on standard optical components hinder scalability and compute density due to their large spatial footprint. To address this, we propose an ultracompact PTC using customized programmable multi-operand multimode interference (MOMMI) devices, named M3ICRO. The programmable MOMMI leverages the intrinsic light propagation principle, providing a single-device programmable matrix unit beyond the conventional computing paradigm of one multiply-accumulate operation per device. To overcome the optimization difficulty of customized devices that often requires time-consuming simulation, we apply ML for optics to predict the device behavior and enable differentiable optimization flow. We thoroughly investigate the reconfigurability and matrix expressivity of our customized PTC and introduce a novel block unfolding method to fully exploit the computing capabilities of a complex-valued PTC for near-universal real-valued linear transformations. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that M3ICRO achieves a 3.5–8.9× smaller footprint, 1.6–4.4× higher speed, 9.9–38.5× higher compute density, 3.7–12× higher system throughput, and superior noise robustness compared to state-of-the-art coherent PTC designs. It also outperforms electronic digital A100 graphics processing unit by 34.8–403× higher throughput while maintaining close-to-digital task accuracy across various ML benchmarks.
A perspective on optical microcomb distillation: A tool to break power barriers for tiny rainbows
Authors: Corcoran Bill , Prayoonyong Chawaphon
Published: January 2024

Optical microcombs are compact photonic-chip-based devices able to produce precise optical frequency combs. However, these combs are often limited in power, which can provide issues for implementation, especially for optical communications. Here, we provide our perspective on the use of a suite of techniques and technologies we call “comb distillation,” to help enable high-power, low-noise microcombs.
Short-chain ligand achieves ultra-stable CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Gao Zhaoju , Shao Xiuwen , Huang Zhijing , Xie Qingyu , Ying Yupeng , Lin Hao , Wang Jia , Tang Xiaosheng , Chen Weiwei , Pei Wei , Tu Yusong , Liu Yongfeng
Published: January 2024

All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have aroused great research interest in white light-emitting diodes (WLED) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, but the poor stability, caused by dynamically binding long-chain capping ligands, hinders their future practical applications. To address this issue, here, we exploit short-chain butyric acid (BA) to replace long-chain oleic acid (OA) as capping ligand of CsPbX3 PeQDs by a hot-injection method. The addition of BA not only makes the morphology of CsPbBr3 PeQDs uniform and improves the crystallinity but also effectively suppresses nonradiative recombination, achieving a near unit photoluminescence quantum yield of 96%. The BA capped CsPbBr3 PeQDs exhibit high stability up to 180 d stored in ambient environment and also significantly improved resistance against polar solvent, ultra-violet lamp irradiation, and heat, which is rationalized by the strong binding capacity and shortened distance of BA to the PeQDs through ab initio calculations. Furthermore, by combining green-emission CsPbBr3 and red-emission CsPbBr0.8I2.2 PeQDs with blue GaN chip, we achieved WLEDs with excellent luminous properties, showing their great potential in practical application of wide-color-gamut display and lighting.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation and test of compression arc-extinguishing device under icing condition
Authors: Huang Ping , Xu Shijie , Qin Honglin , Yang Guoting , Huang Junlin , Li Zhihao
Published: January 2024

When the weather is cold and wet, the insulator and the transmission line components often undergo icing. In order to study the inhibition effect of the compression arc-extinguishing device with icing on the recovery of arc plasma conductivity and air disruptive strength, this paper will verify it through simulation and test. In the simulation part, a two-dimensional geometric model is established, and the magnetohydrodynamic equation group is used as the control equation group. The breakdown characteristics of the device with and without icing are compared, and the dynamic characteristics of the arc are studied in terms of temperature and conductivity. The results show that the temperature of the arc plasma can be reduced to 3000 K within 1 ms, and the conductivity can be reduced to 0 within 250 µs. In the test part, the suppression effect on arc current amplitude after the device with icing is subjected to high current impact is verified, and the coupling triggering method of impulse voltage and power frequency voltage is adopted to further verify the arc extinguishing condition of the device when the power frequency current continues. The results show that the amplitude of the arc produced by high current impulse decreases from 67 to 35 kA and to 0 within 1 ms after passing through the device with icing, and the current amplitude can still drop to 0 at 2.5 ms after adding the power frequency voltage. It is proved that the device with icing can inhibit the recovery of arc plasma conductivity and air disruptive strength.
Delta shocks and vacuums in the Aw–Rascle model with anti van der Waals Chaplygin gas under the flux approximation
Authors: Chaudhary Bipin Kumar , Singh Randheer , Shah Sarswati
Published: January 2024

In this manuscript, we explore the concentration and cavitation phenomena in the Riemann problem for the Aw–Rascle model coupled with an anti van der Waals Chaplygin gas while considering a two-parameter flux approximation. We investigate the presence of a δ-shock and a vacuum state within the Riemann problem for this specific system. Additionally, we incorporate a perturbed flux approximation scheme and analyze the Riemann solution as the values of α1 and α2 approach 0. Our findings demonstrate that the δ-shock solution to the simplified equations can be achieved by examining the Riemann solution that involves two shock waves in the perturbed flux approximation system. This occurs when the flux approximation linked to the anti van der Waals Chaplygin gas model vanishes. Furthermore, the Riemann solution that includes two rarefaction waves converges to the vacuum state solution of the simplified equations.
A self-consistent Hamiltonian model of the ponderomotive force and its structure preserving discretization
Authors: Barham William , Güçlü Yaman , Morrison Philip J. , Sonnendrücker Eric
Published: January 2024

In the presence of an inhomogeneous oscillatory electric field, charged particles experience a net force, averaged over the oscillatory timescale, known as the ponderomotive force. We derive a one-dimensional Hamiltonian model which self-consistently couples the electromagnetic field to a plasma which experiences the ponderomotive force. We derive a family of structure preserving discretizations of the model of varying order in space and time using conforming and broken finite element exterior calculus spectral element methods. In all variants of our discretization framework, the method is found to conserve the Casimir invariants of the continuous model to machine precision and the energy to the order of the splitting method used.
Single photon emission in the telecom C-band from nanowire-based quantum dots
Authors: Wakileh Andrew N. , Yu Lingxi , Dokuz Doğa , Haffouz Sofiane , Wu Xiaohua , Lapointe Jean , Northeast David B. , Williams Robin L. , Rotenberg Nir , Poole Philip J. , Dalacu Dan
Published: January 2024

Single photon sources operating on-demand at telecom wavelengths are required in fiber-based quantum secure communication technologies. In this work, we demonstrate single photon emission from position-controlled nanowire quantum dots emitting at λ>1530 nm. Emission in the C-band is achieved by composition engineering of an InAsxP1−x dot-in-a-rod structure. Using above-band pulsed excitation, we obtain single photon purities of g(2)(0)=0.062. These results represent an important step toward the scalable manufacture of high efficiency, high rate single photon emitters in the telecom C-band.
Creation of color centers in diamond by recoil implantation through dielectric films
Authors: Han Yuyang , Pederson Christian , Matthews Bethany E. , Yama Nicholas S. , Parsons Maxwell F. , Fu Kai-Mei C.
Published: January 2024

The need of near-surface color centers in diamond for quantum technologies motivates the controlled doping of specific extrinsic impurities into the crystal lattice. Recent experiments have shown that this can be achieved by momentum transfer from a surface precursor via ion implantation, an approach known as “recoil implantation.” Here, we extend this technique to incorporate dielectric precursors for creating nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond. Specifically, we demonstrate that gallium focused-ion-beam exposure to a thin layer of silicon nitride or silicon dioxide on the diamond surface results in the introduction of both extrinsic impurities and carbon vacancies. These defects subsequently give rise to near-surface NV and SiV centers with desirable properties after annealing.
Ion acceleration from aluminum foil coated with a gold nanolayer irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Balusu D. , Krishnamurthy S. , Murakami M. , Ramakrishna B.
Published: January 2024

Enhancement of proton energy has always been a key aspect addressed via laser-driven proton acceleration. As the target normal sheath acceleration protons are driven by the electric field produced at the target rear surface, the presence of a gold nanolayer on the surface of the target foil will enhance the energy of accelerated ion beams. In our study, we used a 30 fs laser pulse with a wavelength of 800 nm and a peak intensity of 3×1020 W/cm2. The targets were 2 μm thick aluminum foils coated with a 10–20 nm layer of gold (Au). It was observed that the dynamics of proton acceleration from the foil target is a function of the position of the nanolayer (front or rear surface). 2D particle-in-cell simulation was also performed in support of the observed experimental results.
Physics-informed neural networks for incompressible flows with moving boundaries
Authors: Zhu Yongzheng , Kong Weizhen , Deng Jian , Bian Xin
Published: January 2024

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) employed in fluid mechanics deal primarily with stationary boundaries. This hinders the capability to address a wide range of flow problems involving moving bodies. To this end, we propose a novel extension, which enables PINNs to solve incompressible flows with time-dependent moving boundaries. More specifically, we impose Dirichlet constraints of velocity at the moving interfaces and define new loss functions for the corresponding training points. Moreover, we refine training points for flows around the moving boundaries for accuracy. This effectively enforces the no-slip condition of the moving boundaries. With an initial condition, the extended PINNs solve unsteady flow problems with time-dependent moving boundaries and still have the flexibility to leverage partial data to reconstruct the entire flow field. Therefore, the extended version inherits the amalgamation of both physics and data from the original PINNs. With a series of typical flow problems, we demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the extended PINNs. The proposed concept allows for solving inverse problems as well, which calls for further investigations.
Synthesis of nanocomposites of montmorillonite with carbon nanotubes as a potential material for water purification
Authors: Gubernat Maciej , Zambrzycki Marcel , Wielowski Ryszard , Stodolak-Zych Ewa , Markowski Jaroslaw , Fraczek-Szczypta Aneta
Published: January 2024

The main goal of this research is to create nanocomposites based on unmodified and iron-modified (FeNP) montmorillonite (Mt) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition method. The target area for the application of these materials is the creation of water treatment systems. This paper compares the efficiency of the CNT synthesis process on Mt before and after modification with FeNP of different concentrations and provides the characterization of the CNT microstructure and structure using different methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron imaging, and Raman spectroscopy. For initial verification of properties important for water purification, Mt+CNT and Mt+FeNP+CNT nanocomposites on a carbon nonwoven fabric (CF) are tested in this work. Incubation of the above-mentioned samples in a water–oil mixture reveals complex adsorption dynamics. The CF+Mt+FeNP+CNT sample shows a very good oil adsorption capacity due to its superhydrophobic and oleophilic properties.