bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniformity and Stability of Quantum Dot Pixels Evaluated by Microscale Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Shuchen , Bai Wenhao , Lin Cunjian , Xuan Tongtong , Dong Guoyan , Huang Fan , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: June 2022

Quantum dot color conversion films (QD‐CCFs) are proposed for use in full‐color micron‐sized light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) displays, but quickly and precisely evaluating their optical quality and identifying the bad pixels among them remain challenging. In this work, microscale fluorescence spectroscopy (MFS) is demonstrated to investigate the photoluminescence uniformity and stability of red‐emitting CdSe/CdS/ZnS QD‐CCF pixels prepared by high‐resolution inkjet printing. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity imaging, together with the PL spectrum, lifetime imaging, and time‐dependent PL intensity curve, enables accurate analysis of the luminescence uniformity and thermal and light stability of QD‐CCFs. The coffee rings in QD‐CCF pixels can be clearly identified by MFS, which are missed by a conventional fluorescence microscope. It thus provides feedback for tailoring the composition and properties of ink to eliminate coffee rings or other defects. The combination of MFS with machine learning will likely realize the “massive detection” of QD‐CCFs for micro‐LEDs.
Bile duct anastomosis does not promote bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Han Sangbin , Kim You Sang , Choi Gyu‐Sung , Kim Jong Man , Lee Kyo Won , Ko Jae‐Hoon , Yoo In Young , Ko Justin Sangwook , Gwak Mi Sook , Joh Jae‐Won , Kim Gaab Soo
Published: June 2022

Bile duct surgeries are conventionally considered to promote bacterial contamination of the surgical field. However, liver transplantation recipients' bile produced by the newly implanted liver graft from healthy living donors may be sterile. We tested bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged before and after bile duct anastomosis (BDA) during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 29 patients undergoing LDLT, bacterial culture was performed for four blood samples and one bile sample: two from autologous blood salvaged before BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), two from autologous blood salvaged after BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), and one from bile produced in the newly implanted liver graft. The primary outcome was bacterial contamination. The risk of bacterial contamination was not significantly different between nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged before BDA and nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged after BDA (44.8% and 31.0%; odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03–1.86; p = 0.228). No bacteria were found after leukoreduction in all 58 autologous blood samples. All bile samples were negative for bacteria. None of the 29 patients, including 13 patients who received salvaged autologous blood positive for bacteria, developed postoperative bacteremia. We found that bile from the newly implanted liver graft is sterile in LDLT and BDA does not increase the risk of bacterial contamination of salvaged blood, supporting the use of blood salvage during LDLT even after BDA. Leukoreduction converted all autologous blood samples positive for bacteria to negative. The clinical benefit of leukoreduction for salvaged autologous blood on post‐LDLT bacteremia needs further research.
Quantitative Functionalization of the Tyrosine Residues in Silk Fibroin through an Amino‐Tyrosine Intermediate
Authors: Hausken Kian G. , Frevol Romane L. , Dowdle Kimberly P. , Young Aleena N. , Talusig Jeremy M. , Holbrook Carolynne C. , Rubin Benjamin K. , Murphy Amanda R.
Published: June 2022

Here, a reaction sequence that can be used to quantitatively modify the tyrosine residues in silk protein fromB. morisilkworms is demonstrated. A primary amine is installed ortho to the hydroxyl group on the tyrosine ring using a diazonium coupling reaction followed by reduction of the azo bond. The resulting amine is then acylated using carboxylic acid or NHS‐ester derivatives at room temperature and neutral pH conditions. The silk derivatives are characterized using1H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, ATR‐FTIR, and a unique method to follow this reaction sequence using isotopically labeled reagents and 2D NMR spectroscopy is also used. This study further demonstrates that this sequence can be used to install alkyne or azide functional groups which can undergo further bio‐orthogonal cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. Finally, methods to carry out these modifications on solid silk microparticles and electrospun mats are also described.
Consumer response to online behavioral advertising in a social media context: The role of perceived ad complicity
Authors: Ghanbarpour Tohid , Sahabeh Easa , Gustafsson Anders
Published: June 2022

Brands and social media platforms are two main players in online behavioral advertising (OBA), but the extant literature overlooks the interaction between them. Although advertising brands invest considerable resources to target potential consumers through social media advertising, our analysis indicates that publisher‐platform‐related activities can elicit negative consequences. Thus, we examined the role of perceived ad complicity, that is, consumers' perception regarding advertisers partnering with the social media platforms in the OBA process. We used perceived ad complicity as a moderator to explain the variation in consumers' negative responses to OBA in a social media context. Our results indicate that consumers with high perceived ad complicity experience greater perceived ad intrusiveness. This effect directly impacts their attitudes toward publisher platforms and advertising brands but consumers react more negatively toward brands (vs. publisher platforms) regarding this practice. Furthermore, we found that consumers who are more sensitive to social norms experience stronger perceived ad complicity and that informing consumers about why they are seeing specific ads on their social media platforms does not change their views on ad complicity.
Regulating the Thermodynamics and Thermal Properties of Depolymerizable Polycyclooctenes through Substituent Effects
Authors: Sathe Devavrat , Chen Hanlin , Wang Junpeng
Published: June 2022

Chemical recycling to monomer (CRM) is a promising route for transitioning to a circular polymer economy. To develop new CRM systems with useful properties, it is important to understand the effects of monomer structure on polymerization/depolymerization behavior. In earlier work, this group demonstrated chemically recyclable polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of trans‐cyclobutane fused cyclooctenes (tCBCO). Here, it is investigated how different substituents on cyclobutane impact the thermodynamics and thermal properties of tCBCO polymers. Introducing additional substituents to a cis‐diester functionalized tCBCO is found to favor the conversion of polymerization; increased polymerization conversion is also observed when the cis‐diester is isomerized into its trans counterpart. The effects of these structural features on the thermal properties are also studied. These findings can provide important insights into designing next‐generation CRM polymers.
Existence and long‐time behavior of solutions to the velocity–vorticity–Voigt model of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations with damping and memory
Authors: Nguyen Duong Toan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the long‐time dynamical behavior of the non‐autonomous velocity–vorticity–Voigt model of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations with damping and memory. We first investigate the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the initial boundary value problem for above‐mentioned model. Next, we prove the existence of uniform attractor of this problem, where the time‐dependent forcing term
is only translation bounded instead of translation compact. The results in this paper will extend and improve some results in Yue and Wang (Comput. Math. Appl., 2020) in the case of non‐autonomous and contain memory kernels which have not been studied before.
Highly carboxylic acid functionalized PIM‐1 by hydrothermal method: Mechanistic study of gas separation properties
Authors: Peng Yunfei , Xia Zhenbao , Song Yuanhang , Zhang Yuexia , Li Yanhui , Zhang Pengfei
Published: June 2022

This paper is dedicated to improve the conversion efficiency of carboxylation for polymers of intrinsic microporous (PIM‐1). According to stable thermal properties of PIM‐1, a hydrothermal method is used for the first time to achieve the carboxylation conversion of PIM‐1 (C‐PIM), achieving a conversion rate of more than 90% at a reaction time of 10 hours, which is nearly five times more efficient than the most efficient conversion process currently available, preserving the film‐forming properties. The completion of the carboxylation conversion is verified using 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, and organic elemental analysis. It is found that the change in molecular weight affected the film‐forming properties of the membrane material, and the hydrophobicity of the C‐PIM membrane did not decrease compared with C‐PIM membrane reported in previous studies. The effect of C‐PIM on the selectivity of CO2 gas is explained from the microscopic to the macroscopic level by using physical characterization such as molecular structure analysis, XRD, cross‐linkage calculation, pore size and volume distribution, and fractional free volume (FFV) calculation. It verifies that the efficiency of CO2 adsorption and diffusion selectivity for PIM‐1 membranes has been improved by carboxylation, preserving excellent separation, and capture capacity of CO2.
Biofeedback‐assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Leonardo Kevin , Seno Doddy Hami , Mirza Hendy , Afriansyah Andika
Published: June 2022

Objective

This meta‐analysis aims to compare biofeedback‐assisted pelvic muscle floor training (PFMT) and pelvic electrical stimulation (ES) as an intervention group, with PFMT or bladder training (BT) as the control group, in women with an overactive bladder (OAB).

Method

PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 2021. The RCTs were screened for our eligibility criteria and quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Index of Bias tools. The outcomes were changes in quality of life (QoL), episodes of incontinence, and the number of participants cured/improved.

Results

Eight studies involving 562 patients (comprising 204 patients with biofeedback‐assisted PFMT, 108 patients with pelvic ES, and 250 patients who received PFMT alone or BT and lifestyle recommendations only, as the control group) were included. The ES group showed significant differences in terms of changes to QoL (mean difference [MD]: 7.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.90−12.92, p = 0.008), episodes of incontinence (MD: −1.33, 95% CI: −2.50 to −0.17, p = 0.02), and the number of participants cured or improved (risk ratio [RR]: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14−1.87, p = 0.003), while the biofeedback group resulted in nonsignificant changes in QoL (MD: 0.13, 95% CI: 7.87−8.12, p = 0.98), episodes of incontinence (MD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.89 to 0.90, p = 0.99), and the number of participants cured or improved (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.99−1.33, p = 0.08), both compared to the control group respectively.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis shows that low‐frequency pelvic ES appears to be sufficient and effective as an additional intervention for women with OAB in clinical practice according to improvements in the subjects' QoL and reduction of symptoms. Meanwhile, biofeedback‐assisted PFMT does not appear to be a significant adjuvant for conservative OAB therapy.
Early predictors of lung necrosis severity in children with community‐acquired necrotizing pneumonia
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Zhang Xueya , Chen Bo , Ji Yongan , Chen Wei , Cai Shujing , Xu Ming , Yu Mingwei , Bao Qiyu , Li Changchong , Zhang Hailin
Published: June 2022

Objective

To analyze baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics and explore the possible predictors of lung necrosis severity in children with community‐acquired necrotizing pneumonia (NP).

Methodology

This retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary referral center. A total of 104 patients aged <15 years with community‐acquired pneumonia and radiologically confirmed NP by computed tomography (CT) were included. Patients were classified into the mild, moderate, or massive necrosis groups.

Results

Among them, 29, 41, and 34 patients had mild, moderate, and massive necrosis, respectively. Moreover, 34.6% of the patients were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Massive necrosis was more likely to occur during winter (p < 0.05) and was associated with more severe clinical outcomes, such as longer duration of fever, longer hospitalization, increased mortality, and a higher risk of subsequent surgical intervention (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the following were independent risk factors for massive necrosis in this study: C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.036), serum albumin (p = 0.009), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (p = 0.022). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that when the cut‐off value for CRP, serum albumin, and IgM were set at 122 mg/L, 30.8 g/L, and 95.7 mg/dl, respectively, they showed good diagnostic performance for differentiating patients with massive necrosis from all patients with NP.

Conclusion

NP is a potentially severe complication of pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia. Different severities of lung necrosis can lead to different clinical outcomes. CRP, serum albumin, and IgM levels are independent predictors of the degree of lung necrosis.
Calibration of subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts using ensemble model output statistics and observational uncertainty
Authors: Dirkson Arlan , Denis Bertrand , Merryfield William J. , Peterson K. Andrew , Tietsche Steffen
Published: June 2022

In response to a growing demand for improved sea‐ice forecast guidance at shorter timescales and higher spatial resolutions, this study investigates the predictive skill of daily subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts from two state‐of‐the‐art prediction systems: SEAS5 from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Based on hindcast records from 1998–2017, we find that probabilistic forecasts of sea‐ice concentration (SIC) throughout the marginal ice zone of the Canadian Arctic in June and November are no more skillful than simple benchmark forecasts based on climatology and damped persistence. At short lead times, the lack of skill arises from overconfident ensemble spread and errors in forecast initial conditions. At longer lead times, the development of model drift also plays a role. To improve the forecasts, we develop the nonhomogeneous censored Gaussian regression for SIC (NCGR‐sic) calibration procedure, which uses the forecast ensemble mean and ensemble standard deviation (both locally and from neighboring locations) as predictors in an ensemble model output statistics framework. Importantly, NCGR‐sic incorporates observational uncertainty directly during model parameter fitting, leading to enhanced calibration. NCGR‐sic improves the spatial probability score by , on average, half of which we infer results from the removal of climatological bias and half from the improvement of forecast uncertainty. Calibrated forecasts from SEAS5 (GEPS) exceed the skill of climatology throughout the marginal ice zone over at least the first 33 (26) days in June and the first 32 (15) days in November. Generally, better skill occurs outside the Canadian Archipelago and for low‐ to mid‐range SIC compared with high SIC. While calibrated forecasts also outperform damped persistence after the first 3–10 days, we postulate that initial condition inconsistencies must be resolved in order to obtain skill at shorter timescales. Finally, the robustness of NCGR‐sic is demonstrated by effectively improving an operational forecast from June 2020.
Compound optimality criteria and graphical tools for designs for prediction
Authors: de Oliveira Heloisa M. , de Oliveira César B. A. , Gilmour Steven G. , Trinca Luzia A.
Published: June 2022

The prediction capability of a design is an important issue in response surface methodology. Following the line of argument that a design should have several desirable properties, we have extended an existing compound design criterion to include prediction properties, with interval predictions allowed for. We explain that predictions of differences in responses are often more useful than predictions of responses themselves, which leads to the definition of the ‐optimality criterion. The work also introduces several extensions of existing graphical tools for inspecting prediction performances of the designs in the whole region of experimentation. Two examples illustrate the methods, one for the cubic and the other for the spherical region. We compare the new, classical and standard optimum designs using the graphical tools.
Decreasing flood hazard evaluated in Turkey using nonstationary models
Authors: Tosunoglu Fatih , Slater Louise
Published: June 2022

An assessment of changing flood hazard in the river basins of Turkey is currently lacking. This study evaluates the drivers of flood flows using distributional regression models. The generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS), a flexible framework well‐suited to probabilistic nonstationary modeling, is applied to annual instantaneous maximum flows (AIMF) from 12 gauging stations located in the upper, middle and lower parts of the Euphrates basin, the most important river basin in the Middle East. First, the Pettitt test was used to detect abrupt changes in the AIMF data series, and the Mann–Kendall test to evaluate temporal trends. Significant change points for two stations and significant decreasing temporal changes for seven stations were observed. Three strictly positive, continuous distributions (namely, Gamma, Lognormal, and Weibull) were then fitted to the AIMF data series and the distribution parameters were specified as functions of both time and physically based covariates (precipitation, temperature, and climate oscillation indices). Among the candidate distributions, the Lognormal was found to be the most appropriate for describing flood flows across the basin. Annual precipitation, seasonal temperature and annual oscillation indices were the most relevant covariates. Among the climate indices, the East Atlantic Oscillation was most relevant in the lower part of the basin, the Southern and North Atlantic Oscillations in the middle, and the East Atlantic‐West Russia pattern in the upper part. The models were then employed to estimate and compare historical stationary flood quantiles with nonstationary quantiles (identified with physically based covariates) under various return periods (10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 years). Results indicate that flood processes can be better described by employing distributional regression models with physical covariates and this study can serve as a reference for regional water resources management in the basin and possibly for other river basins.
A Microporous Potassium‐Organic Framework for Efficient C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Guan Haiyan , Zou Shuixiang , Ji Zhenyu , Li Hengbo , Chen Cheng , Wu Mingyan
Published: June 2022

A novel potassium‐based metal organic framework (TCBPA‐K) was prepared by using a C3‐symmetric organic building block tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (TCBPA). The compound has a rectangular like channel along the b axis and exhibits good selective adsorption performance. The single component gas adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption capacity of C2H2 is much higher than that of CO2 at 298 K and 1 bar. The isosteric adsorption enthalpies of TCBPA‐K for C2H2 and CO2 are 30.6 kJ/mol and 9.1 kJ/mol respectively. Ideal adsorbed solution theory calculation recorded the separation selectivity of C2H2/CO2 (50/50, v/v) as 3.5.
Microwave‐Accelerated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Alkanes under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Zhongyi , Xiong Chunxia , Sun Peipei , Zhou Chao
Published: June 2022

With simple alkanes as the alkyl radical precursors under microwave irradiation, a convenient and efficient cross‐dehydrogenative alkylation reaction of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other N‐heteroarenes has been achieved. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high atom economy and high efficiency, providing a wide range of valuable, structurally diverse C3 alkylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkylated N‐heteroarenes in good‐to‐excellent yields.
The Sonogashira Carbonylation Reaction between Aromatic Bromide and Alkyne with N‐Formylsaccharin as a CO Source
Authors: Tan Yan , Lang Jia‐Jia , Chen Li‐Mei , Tang Mei‐Lun , Yu Zhi‐Xing , Mi Peng‐Bing , Zheng Xing
Published: June 2022

The carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reaction of aromatic bromide with terminal alkynes has been developed with N‐formylsaccharin as a CO source. The reaction, which has certain advantages in cost and safety of raw materials, is carried out in a simple and safe one‐pot method. A variety of alkynones with good functional group compatibility can be obtained in medium to high yields.
Evolution Process of Humins Derived from Glucose
Authors: Shan Haozhe , Li Lei , Bai Wei , Liu Li
Published: June 2022

The evolution process of humins derived from glucose was studied dynamically from the feedstock, the intermediates in solution, till humins solid formed. The key intermediates resulting in the formation of humins were identified, unveiling two elementary reactions including etherification of dehydrated glucose and electrophilic substitution of furfuryl alcohol (FAL). The characteristic IR peaks at 1583 and 1616 cm−1 could be attributed to the C=C conjugated with C=C and the C=C conjugated with C=O, respectively, whereas the shift from 1583 to 1616 cm−1 could be promoted by O2 or adding kojic acid. Unexpectedly, the participations of HMF and small aliphatic acids were excluded. Herein, through characterizations such as HPLC‐MS/MS, IR and SEM, the structural models of glucose‐derived humins at different temperatures and a successive growth diagram were proposed.
Topology Optimized Prelithiated SiO Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chung Dong Jae , Youn Donghan , Kim Ji Young , Jeong Won Joon , Kim Soohwan , Ma Donghyeok , Lee Tae Rim , Kim Seung Tae , Kim Hansu
Published: June 2022

Silicon monoxide (SiO)‐based materials have great potential as high‐capacity anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, they suffer from a low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycle stability, which prevent their successful implementation into commercial lithium‐ion batteries. Despite considerable efforts in recent decades, their low ICE and poor cycle stability cannot be resolved at the same time. Here, it is demonstrated that the topological optimization of the prelithiated SiO materials is highly effective in improving both ICE and capacity retention. Laser‐assisted atom probe tomography combined with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry reveals that two exothermic reactions related to microstructural evolution are key in optimizing the domain size of the Si active phase and Li2SiO3 buffer phase, and their topological arrangements in prelithiated SiO materials. The optimized prelithiated SiO, heat‐treated at 650 °C, shows higher capacity retention of 73.4% and lower thickness changes of 68% after 300 cycles than those treated at other temperatures, with high ICE of ≈90% and reversible capacity of 1164 mAh g−1. Such excellent electrochemical properties of the prelithiated SiO electrode originate from its optimized topological arrangement of active Si phase and Li2SiO3 inactive buffer phase.
Hierarchically Ordered Nanoporous Carbon with Exclusively Surface‐Anchored Cobalt as Efficient Electrocatalyst
Authors: Tang Chaoyun , Ramírez‐Hernández Maricely , Thomas Belvin , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Batson Philip E. , Asefa Tewodros
Published: June 2022

A hierarchically ordered porous carbon electrocatalyst with exclusively surface‐anchored cobalt species, dubbed Co@HOPC, is synthesized from polyaniline and cobalt‐functionalized silica microparticles templates, and its high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. The material requires a small potential (320 mV) to drive the reaction with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 31.2 mV dec−1. Moreover, Co@HOPC shows better catalytic activity for OER than in situ cobalt‐doped and surface cobalt‐loaded hierarchically ordered porous carbon materials synthesized by traditional methods. This is due to the abundant surface cobalt species present in Co@HOPC and the material's good electrical conductivity. This work provides a new strategy to utilize functionalized silica microparticles as templates to synthesize hierarchically ordered porous carbon materials with metal‐rich surfaces and efficient electrocatalytic activities.
Parametric analysis on seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame‐shear wall structures with different setback configurations
Authors: Huang Youlu , He Liusheng , Huang Weiyuan
Published: June 2022

High‐rise buildings with vertical setbacks are more prone to damage in the event of strong earthquakes. This paper presents an extensive parametric study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame‐shear wall structures with different setback configurations. Five groups of RC frame‐shear structures with 30 setback configurations were designed. Before conducting extensive non‐linear time history structural analysis, modeling of main lateral force resisting systems including RC column and shear wall was validated using previous test results. By parametric analysis on both horizontal setback ratio and vertical setback ratio, the influences of setback on structural seismic performance in terms of dynamic property, inter‐story drift ratio, acceleration, energy dissipation, and damage condition were comparatively investigated. The overall conclusion is that setbacks caused more than 50% reduction of floor area or positioned at the middle and lower height should be avoided.
Soil water potential: A historical perspective and recent breakthroughs
Authors: Luo Shengmin , Lu Ning , Zhang Chao , Likos William
Published: June 2022

Soil water potential is a cornerstone in defining the thermodynamic state of soil water required to quantify phenomena such as water phase change, water movement, heat transfer, electric current, chemical transport, and mechanical stress and deformation in the earth's shallow subsurface environment. This potential has historically been conceptualized as free energy stored in a until volume of soil water. Though the concept of soil water potential has been evolving over the past 120 yr, a consensual definition is still lacking, and answers to some fundamental questions remain controversial and elusive. What are the origins and mechanisms for the free energy of soil water? Can the common mathematical expression of soil water potential as superposition of gravitational, osmotic, and matric potentials be used to define water phase transitions in soil? Are these major components of soil water potential independent or coupled? Is pore water pressure always tensile under unsaturated conditions? If so, how can soil water density be as high as 1.7 g cm−3? How do adsorptive soil–water interactions originating from the electromagnetic field around and within soil particles transfer to mechanical pore pressure? In this review, the authors (a) provide critical analysis of historical definitions of soil water potential to identify their strengths, limitations, and flaws; (b) synthesize the origins of electromagnetic energies in soil to clarify the fundamental differences between adsorptive and capillary soil water potential mechanisms; (c) introduce a recently emerging concept of soil matric potential that unifies contributions of adsorption and capillarity to soil water potential; and (d) illustrate the generality and promise of the unified definition of soil water potential for answering some of the fundamental questions that remain elusive to the hydrology, geoengineering, and geoscience communities.
Probing the overarching continuum theory: data-driven phenotypic clustering of children with ASD or ADHD
Authors: Deserno M. K. , Bathelt J. , Groenman A. P. , Geurts H. M.
Published: June 2022

The clinical validity of the distinction between ADHD and ASD is a longstanding discussion. Recent advances in the realm of data-driven analytic techniques now enable us to formally investigate theories aiming to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental conditions. In this study, we probe different theoretical positions by means of a pre-registered integrative approach of novel classification, subgrouping, and taxometric techniques in a representative sample (N = 434), and replicate the results in an independent sample (N = 219) of children (ADHD, ASD, and typically developing) aged 7–14 years. First, Random Forest Classification could predict diagnostic groups based on questionnaire data with limited accuracy—suggesting some remaining overlap in behavioral symptoms between them. Second, community detection identified four distinct groups, but none of them showed a symptom profile clearly related to either ADHD or ASD in neither the original sample nor the replication sample. Third, taxometric analyses showed evidence for a categorical distinction between ASD and typically developing children, a dimensional characterization of the difference between ADHD and typically developing children, and mixed results for the distinction between the diagnostic groups. We present a novel framework of cutting-edge statistical techniques which represent recent advances in both the models and the data used for research in psychiatric nosology. Our results suggest that ASD and ADHD cannot be unambiguously characterized as either two separate clinical entities or opposite ends of a spectrum, and highlight the need to study ADHD and ASD traits in tandem.
An Eocene Greenhouse Forested India: Were Biotic Radiations Triggered by Early Palaeogene Thermal Events?
Authors: Sahni A. , Patnaik R.
Published: June 2022

During the last two decades, work carried out in the Eocene lignite sequences of Rajasthan and Gujarat has thrown considerable light on the terrestrial biotas during the drift of India and radically changed concepts regarding how the Indian plate was populated, the issues of cosmopolitanism and endemism, and the nature of the mixed sal-dominated forested community that supported a diverse mammalian fauna. While Madagascar and Australia, India’s erstwhile Gondwanan neighbours, supported highly endemic faunas, the biota of India shows strong affinities with Africa, Madagascar, Europe, and North America.
Crustal Mapping of Northern Extremity of Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) by High Resolution Gravity Survey in Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Kunal Kishore , Ranjan Sunny Kumar , Biswas Santu , Mandal Bikalpa Chandra , Bagchi Joyesh
Published: June 2022

Gravity data at a grid spacing of 2.5 sq. km., acquired by Geological Survey of India (GSI), have been analysed to discern the subsurface disposition of northern extremity of the Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB). Geologically, the area has sparse exposure of the Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt and is predominantly covered by alluvium of Quaternary age. Apart from Bouguer gravity anomaly (BGA) map, residual gravity map, regional gravity map, radially averaged power spectrum (RAPS) and 3D Euler deconvolution maps have been prepared for better insights of the subsurface. Two 2D subsurface gravity models describe possible upwarpment of crustal and mantle materials for gravity high in southwest part of the study area. The significant change in trend of gravity contour pattern from NE-SW to NW-SE near Rohtak and further north is closely parallel to the trends of ADFB and Delhi Sargodha Subsurface ridge respectively. This deflection of the ADFB may probably be caused by rotation related to collision of plates. Earthquake data from International Seismological Centre (ISC), since the year 2000, has been used in the study. The earthquake data shows cluster of shallow focus earthquakes (from 2 to 39 km) with low magnitudes (from ML 1.8 to 5) in the study area near Rohtak. The presence of subsurface disturbance north of Rohtak is well supported by cluster of 3D Euler solutions and distribution of seismicity in that region. The multimodal distribution of the earthquake hypocentres is correlating well with the 2D gravity model along the Bhiwani to Panipat section.
Magma Mixing and Mingling during Pluton Formation: A Case Study through Field, Petrography and Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) Studies on Sirsilla Granite Pluton, India
Authors: Ashok Ch. , Santhosh G.H.N.V. , Ratnakar J. , Dash Sarbajit
Published: June 2022

Field, petrography, and crystal size distributions (CSD) of different lithological variants from Sirsilla granitic pluton (SGP), southern India, is described here to understand operative magmatic processes. The SGP contains many mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and syn-plutonic dykes. The contact relationship between MMEs and the host granite is often diffusive or gradational and rarely sharp, implying disaggregation and under-cooling of MMEs. Petrographic features like resorption textures, quartz ocelli, and the poikilitic nature of the large K-feldspar grains enclosed within plagioclase indicate interaction and magma mixing/mingling processes in an open magma chamber. Bladed biotite and acicular apatite grains in MMEs are due to rapid crystallization during the magma mingling process. The CSD curves generated for plagioclase provide an inverse relationship between population density and crystal size. Multiple crystal populations, i.e., a gently sloping line for the core samples and a steeply sloping line for margin samples, are interpreted to be caused by the mafic - felsic magma mixing and mingling processes.
Oxygen Isotopic Studies of a Species of Pitar (Hyphantosoma) from Quilon Formation, Kerala, Southwest India: Inferences on Seasonality during the Miocene (late Burdigalian)
Authors: Prasanna K. , Kapur Vivesh V.
Published: June 2022

The carbonaceous shale of the Miocene (late Burdigalian) Quilon Formation (Kerala Basin, southwest India) were collected and processed to retrieve the microfaunal component. In the present study, the oxygen isotope analysis of the growth bands of the recovered bivalves Pitar (Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. (both retrieved from the Quilon Formation) is emphasized to help reconstruct the palaeomonsoonal seasonality. The oxygen-isotope record for the specimens of P.(Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. exhibits regular, high amplitude δ18O cycles caused by the yearly seasonal temperature and monsoonal variations. Based on the number of δ18O cycles,P. (Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. have been considered to be approximately 2- and 4-year-old, respectively, at the time of deposition. The calculated palaeo- seawater δ18O values between -0.6 to -1.1‰ [for P. (Hyphantosoma) simonnei] allow us to distinguish between the wet and dry seasons. In addition, the two-component mixing model is suggestive of seasonal freshwater discharge of ~70-80% during wet season and ~20-40% during the dry season into the depositional system. This reconstructed palaeo-seasonality clearly indicates presence of monsoon system in the south west of India during the Miocene (late Burdigalian).
Veronese and Segre morphisms between non-commutative projective spaces
Authors: Arici Francesca , Galuppi Francesco , Gateva-Ivanova Tatiana
Published: June 2022

We study Veronese and Segre morphisms between non-commutative projective spaces. We compute finite reduced Gröbner bases for their kernels, and compare them with their analogues in the commutative case.
Semi-supervised Mode Classification of Inter-city Trips from Cellular Network Data
Authors: Breyer Nils , Rydergren Clas , Gundlegård David
Published: June 2022

Good knowledge of travel patterns is essential in transportation planning. Cellular network data as a large-scale passive data source provides billions of daily location updates allowing us to observe human mobility with all travel modes. However, many transport planning applications require an understanding of travel patterns separated by travel mode, requiring the classification of trips by travel mode. Most previous studies have used rule-based or geometric classification, which often fails when the routes for different modes are similar or supervised classification, requiring labelled training trips. Sufficient amounts of labelled training trips are unfortunately often unavailable in practice. We propose semi-supervised classification as a novel approach of classifying large sets of trips extracted from cellular network data in inter-city origin–destination pairs as either using road or rail. Our methods require no labelled trips which is an important advantage as labeled data is often not available in practice. We propose three methods which first label a small share of trips using geometric classification. We then use structures in a large set of unlabelled trips using a supervised classification method (geometric-labelling), iterative semi-supervised training (self-labelling) and by transferring information between origin–destination pairs (continuity-labelling). We apply the semi-supervised classification methods on a dataset of 9545 unlabelled trips in two inter-city origin–destination pairs. We find that the methods can identify structures in the cells used during trips in the unlabelled data corresponding to the available route alternatives. We validate the classification methods using a dataset of 255 manually labelled trips in the two origin–destination pairs. While geometric classification misclassifies 4.2% and 5.6% of the trips in the two origin–destination pairs, all trips can be classified correctly using semi-supervised classification.
Runtime Analysis of the $$(\mu + 1)$$-EA on the Dynamic BinVal Function
Authors: Lengler Johannes , Riedi Simone
Published: June 2022

We study evolutionary algorithms in a dynamic setting, where for each generation a different fitness function is chosen, and selection is performed with respect to the current fitness function. Specifically, we consider Dynamic BinVal, in which the fitness functions for each generation is given by the linear function BinVal, but in each generation the order of bits is randomly permuted. For the $$(1 + 1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

-EA it was known that there is an efficiency threshold $$c_0$$

c
0

for the mutation parameter, at which the runtime switches from quasilinear to exponential. Previous empirical evidence suggested that for larger population size $$\mu$$
μ
, the threshold may increase. We prove that this is at least the case in an $$\varepsilon$$
ε
-neighborhood around the optimum: the threshold of the $$(\mu + 1)$$

(
μ
+
1
)

-EA becomes arbitrarily large if the $$\mu$$
μ
is chosen large enough. However, the most surprising result is obtained by a second-order analysis for $$\mu =2$$

μ
=
2

: the threshold increases with increasing proximity to the optimum. In particular, the hardest region for optimization is not around the optimum.
Energy Storage Architecture
Authors: Hoff C. Michael
Published: June 2022

Energy storage systems (ESS) exist in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and technologies. An energy storage system's technology, i.e. the fundamental energy storage mechanism, naturally affects its important characteristics including cost, safety, performance, reliability, and longevity. However, while the underlying technology is important, a successful energy storage project relies on a thorough and thoughtful implementation of the technology to meet the project's goals. A successful implementation depends on how well the energy storage system is architected and assembled. The system's architecture can determine its performance and reliability, in concert with or even despite the technology it employs. It is possible for an energy storage system with a good storage technology to perform poorly when implemented with a suboptimal architecture, while other energy storage systems with mediocre storage technologies can perform well when implemented with superior architectures.
Data-Driven Science and Engineering
Authors: Brunton Steven L. , Kutz J. Nathan
Published: June 2022

Data-driven discovery is revolutionizing how we model, predict, and control complex systems. Now with Python and MATLAB®, this textbook trains mathematical scientists and engineers for the next generation of scientific discovery by offering a broad overview of the growing intersection of data-driven methods, machine learning, applied optimization, and classical fields of engineering mathematics and mathematical physics. With a focus on integrating dynamical systems modeling and control with modern methods in applied machine learning, this text includes methods that were chosen for their relevance, simplicity, and generality. Topics range from introductory to research-level material, making it accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students from the engineering and physical sciences. The second edition features new chapters on reinforcement learning and physics-informed machine learning, significant new sections throughout, and chapter exercises. Online supplementary material – including lecture videos per section, homeworks, data, and code in MATLAB®, Python, Julia, and R – available on databookuw.com.
Country Size and Public Administration
Authors: Jugl Marlene
Published: June 2022

Although countries differ tremendously in population size, comparative public administration has not considered this context factor systematically. This Element provides the most comprehensive theoretical and empirical account to date of the effects that country size has on the functioning of public administration. It synthesizes existing literature and develops a theoretical framework that distinguishes the effects of small, medium and large country size on administrative structures, practices, and public service performance. Large states with larger administrations benefit from specialization but are prone to coordination problems, whereas small states experience advantages and disadvantages linked to multifunctionalism and informal practices. Midsize countries may achieve economies of scale while avoiding diseconomies of excessive size, which potentially allows for highest performance. Descriptive and causal statistical analyses of worldwide indicators and a qualitative comparison of three countries, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Germany, demonstrate the various ways in which size matters for public administrations around the world.
“Right to Silence”: A Commentary on Misinterpretation and Violation by the Indian Judiciary
Authors: Jain Sushil Kumar , Jain Sujay
Published: June 2022

The Indian Constitution, being the lengthiest constitution in the world, seeks to accord the “right to silence” the status of a fundamental right, a particularly high threshold from which little to no derogation is permissible. This constitutional guarantee has also been given a statutory backing, wherein the silence of an accused cannot be used to draw an adverse inference against him. As a country which hails itself as a champion of personal liberty, it is disheartening to see that the reality of the situation is disappointing. The draconian pre-Constitution jurisprudence is still followed by most judgements, and often the silence of an accused is used as a “missing link” on the part of the prosecution to establish an accused’s guilt. This occurs either due to the correct provisions not being brought before the notice of the courts, or due to the courts adjudicating in derogation of statutory provisions and settled case laws. In this paper, the authors seek to establish the correct position of the law by taking into account its evolution in Indian and other jurisdictions, and then establish how India continues to fail to give effect to this right, by empirically analysing several judgements of the Supreme Court of India.
Ethnicity in Schools: Perceptions of Migrant Children from Central Asia in the Multicultural Environment of Russian Cities
Authors: Demintseva Ekaterina
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes phenomenon of “migrant schools” and “migrant classes” in schools that began to emerge in the 2010s in Siberian cities of Tomsk and Irkutsk. The study is based on 120 interviews with migrants and 36 express-interviews with parents of children from both local families and those that have migrated from Central Asia, as well as case studies of four schools in these two cities identified as “migrant” by local residents. Despite the ethnic diversity of these Siberian cities where most families themselves descend from migrants from other regions, the local population singles out new migrants from the countries of Central Asia as “others” in the urban space. While school administrations, teachers, and parents reproduce the narratives of tolerance and ethnic diversity, school segregation persists in these cities, manifested, among other things, in the emergence of “migrant” schools and “migrant classes” in schools. This study presents this segregation as an outcome of strategies pursued by school administrators and parents of both local and migrant children. In particular, creation of “migrant” classes in some schools is the school administrators’ response to the lack of adaptation programs for migrant children. I conclude that rather than assisting the socialization of migrant children, such schools reproduce their isolation from other pupils, limiting their ability to succeed in the future.
Should Animal Welfare Be Defined in Terms of Consciousness?
Authors: Birch Jonathan
Published: June 2022

Definitions of animal welfare often invoke consciousness or sentience. Marian Stamp Dawkins has argued that to define animal welfare this way is a mistake. In Dawkins’s alternative view, an animal with good welfare is one that is healthy and “has what it wants.” The dispute highlights a source of strain on the concept of animal welfare: consciousness-involving definitions are better able to capture the normative significance of welfare, whereas consciousness-free definitions facilitate the validation of welfare indicators. I reflect on how the field should respond to this strain, ultimately recommending against splitting the concept and in favor of consciousness-involving definitions.
Irreversible (One-hit) and Reversible (Sustaining) Causation
Authors: Ross Lauren N. , Woodward James F.
Published: June 2022

This paper explores a distinction among causal relationships that has yet to receive attention in the philosophical literature, namely, whether causal relationships are reversible or irreversible. We provide an analysis of this distinction and show how it has important implications for causal inference and modeling. This work also clarifies how various familiar puzzles involving preemption and over-determination play out differently depending on whether the causation involved is reversible.
BINARY SIGNED-DIGIT REPRESENTATIONS IN PAPERFOLDING
Authors: BATES BRUCE , BUNDER MARTIN , TOGNETTI KEITH
Published: June 2022

When a page, represented by the interval
$[0,1]$
, is folded right over left
$n $
times, the right-hand fold contains a sequence of points. We specify these points using two different representation techniques, both involving binary signed-digit representations.