bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional negative refraction steering of hybrid polaritons in graphene/twisted bilayer α-MoO3 heterostructures
Authors: Dou Linyuan , Xu Junbo , Zhou Zhou , Li Shuqiao , Wei Zeyong , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: January 2025

Hyperbolic materials have emerged as a powerful medium for manipulating polaritons at deeply subwavelength scales. In the realm of polaritonic applications, α-MoO3/graphene heterostructures have shown great promise, featuring low-loss, electrically tunable negative refraction, and enhanced focusing and steering capabilities. However, a significant challenge has been the manipulation of the focusing position of hybrid polaritons, which is limited to a line perpendicular to the interface or unable to be manipulated while steering. Stacking twisted bilayer α-MoO3 with graphene could provide a potential way to manipulate the steering and focusing position with more flexibility. Here, we demonstrate tunable negative refraction steering of hybrid polaritons within a two-dimensional plane in graphene/twisted bilayer α-MoO3 heterostructures. By modulating the Fermi energy of graphene and adjusting the twist angle of α-MoO3 bilayers, we facilitate the modulation of the focusing position across a two-dimensional plane. This method enables precise tunable directional control of the energy flow within the heterostructures, facilitating a versatile approach to the nanoscale planar focusing of polaritons.
Meta-grating integrated high-ellipticity and wide-band linear-to-circular polarization converter for visible light
Authors: Wang Xuzheng , Zhang Jiadong , Tian Zhenhuan , Xu Chuangcheng , Pei Shuheng , Li Xiaoping , Li Feng , Yun Feng
Published: January 2025

Circularly polarized light is crucial for applications across diverse fields. Comparing with the traditional methods for linear-to-circular polarization conversion, metamaterials offer promising solutions for miniaturizing optical elements. However, developing wide-band polarization converters with high ellipticity remains challenging, especially in the visible range, concerning the difficulty associated with fabricating sub-wavelength structures. To address this, we designed and fabricated a metallic meta-grating by employing a patterned GaN substrate through a cost-effective and mass-productive method, laser interference lithography. These meta-grating converters achieve high ellipticities (ɛ) exceeding 0.995 in the range of 420 nm- 490 nm, 490 nm-590 nm, and 570 nm-680 nm. Our work paves the way for further polarization control and on-chip integration with GaN devices, while also demonstrating a scalable and portable meta-grating fabrication method, enabling multi-functional applications in detection, displays, communication, and medicine.
High-throughput pixel-super-resolved coded ptychographic microscopy with a color image sensor
Authors: Guo Chengfei , Ma Haojie , Li Jingyan , Hong Zhixuan , Jiang Shaowei , Xiang Meng , Shao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2025

Lensless on-chip microscopy imaging draws widespread attention owing to its evident advantages in simple optical structure, aberration-free imaging, wide field-of-view, and low-cost hardware budget, providing a fertile opportunity for disruptive reductions in cost and revolutionary improvements in portability for biomedical imaging applications. Here, we report a high-throughput pixel-super-resolved coded ptychographic microscopy implemented using a color image sensor. However, the color filtering array (CFA) introduces inherent modulation in the diffraction patterns acquired under monochromatic illumination, leading to spectral crosstalk in the data processing for lensless on-chip imaging. Without manually removing the CFA layer from the sensor chip, we propose a gradient descent optimization method to numerically estimate the transmittance of the CFA layer within the iterative ptychographic phase retrieval process. Compared to schemes that merely use the single-channel data from Bayer-masked diffraction patterns, our proposed method fully utilizes all three-channel data, avoiding the loss of useful and critical pixel information. Experimental results show that a color sensor can achieve high-resolution and high-throughput bio-imaging. This demonstrates the potential for applications involving color sensors in lensless on-chip imaging. Additionally, we developed a cost-effective, compact, and field-portable on-chip microscopy prototype based on the Raspberry Pi single-board computer. We also open-sourced the related control code and reconstruction code for use by interested researchers.
Theoretical analysis and simulation of a high SNR and real-time MPMG-based computational spectrometer
Authors: Lin Yue , Gu Luo , Wang Xiang , Jin Ai-jun , Mao Zhi-yuan , Yuan Yi-fan , Niu Chen , Liu Xia-lin , Yang Qiu-jie , He Zhi-ping
Published: January 2025

Achieving a balance between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and real-time performance in infrared (IR) spectral detection of weak and moving targets is a significant challenge. Here, we propose a long-wave infrared (LWIR) computational spectrometer (MPMGFTS) based on a multi-depth phase modulation grating (MPMG). MPMG functions as the core component of the MPMGFTS. To ensure accuracy in calculating the diffraction field of MPMG, Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA) theory is employed to build the field distribution model. Additionally, the effects of structural duty cycle, incident angle, and fabrication errors are analyzed. MPMGFTS offers both high SNR and temporal resolution. It retains the transient response characteristics of grating-based spectrometers (GS) while improving the SNR by approximately 120 times compared to GS. Our study on MPMGFTS offers a novel and effective approach for remote sensing and target recognition.
Microsphere oblique illumination for enhanced optical nano-imaging
Authors: Zhong Xinchen , Huang Shuyang , Hong Minhui
Published: January 2025

Microsphere nano-imaging is a promising technique for label-free and real-time imaging, making optical sub-diffraction resolution possible. Due to the limited size and high surface curvature of microspheres, the magnified imaging suffers from the limited depth of field and low contrast. The performance of this technique depends not only on the geometric parameters of microspheres but also on the illumination conditions of an optical system. In this work, a specially designed filter is added to the microscope to adjust the illumination angle and area on the microsphere. Experimental results demonstrate that with the filter, the imaging contrast is increased by 2.77 times, and the resolution is improved from 125 nm to 100 nm. It also increases the depth of field, extending it from 519 nm to 900 nm coupled with a 20× objective lens. This effective light manipulation strategy establishes suitable illumination conditions to enhance the imaging contrast and resolution. It is also applicable to improve the performance of microspheres in other optical applications.
Single-atomic-ensemble dual-wavelength optical frequency standard
Authors: Miao Jie , Chen Jingming , Yu Deshui , Yang Qiaohui , Pan Duo , Chen Jingbiao
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate a dual-wavelength optical frequency standard based on the dual-optical-transition modulation transfer spectroscopy (DOT-MTS) between different quantum transitions of the rubidium D1 (795 nm) and D2 (780 nm) lines. In a single rubidium atomic ensemble, modulation frequency sidebands from the 780 nm pump beam are simultaneously transferred to both the 780 and 795 nm probe lasers. The DOT-MTS enables the simultaneous stabilization of 780 and 795 nm lasers on a single vapor cell. Both lasers exhibit a frequency instability in the low 10−14 range at 1 s of averaging, as estimated from the residual error signal. A theoretical model is developed based on the V-type atomic level structure to illustrate the dual-wavelength spectroscopy. This approach can be extended to develop a multi-wavelength optical frequency standard within a single atomic ensemble, broadening its applicability in fields such as precision metrology, Rydberg atoms, wavelength standards, optical networks, and beyond.
Deciphering the interplay between biology and physics with a finite element method-implemented vertex organoid model: A tool for the mechanical analysis of cell behavior on a spherical organoid shell
Authors: Laussu Julien , Michel Deborah , Magne Léa , Segonds Stephane , Marguet Steven , Hamel Dimitri , Quaranta-Nicaise Muriel , Barreau Frederick , Mas Emmanuel , Velay Vincent , Bugarin Florian , Ferrand Audrey
Published: January 2025

Understanding the interplay between biology and mechanics in tissue architecture is challenging, particularly in terms of 3D tissue organization. Addressing this challenge requires a biological model enabling observations at multiple levels from cell to tissue, as well as theoretical and computational approaches enabling the generation of a synthetic model that is relevant to the biological model and allowing for investigation of the mechanical stresses experienced by the tissue. Using a monolayer human colon epithelium organoid as a biological model, freely available tools (Fiji, Cellpose, Napari, Morphonet, or Tyssue library), and the commercially available Abaqus FEM solver, we combined vertex and FEM approaches to generate a comprehensive viscoelastic finite element model of the human colon organoid and demonstrated its flexibility. We imaged human colon organoid development for 120 hours, following the evolution of the organoids from an immature to a mature morphology. According to the extracted architectural/geometric parameters of human colon organoids at various stages of tissue architecture establishment, we generated organoid active vertex models. However, this approach did not consider the mechanical aspects involved in the organoids’ morphological evolution. Therefore, we applied a finite element method considering mechanical loads mimicking osmotic pressure, external solicitation, or active contraction in the vertex model by using the Abaqus FEM solver. Integration of finite element analysis (FEA) into the vertex model achieved a better fit with the biological model. Therefore, the FEM model provides a basis for depicting cell shape, tissue deformation, and cellular-level strain due to imposed stresses. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a combination of vertex and FEM approaches, combining geometrical and mechanical parameters, improves modeling of alterations in organoid morphology over time and enables better assessment of the mechanical cues involved in establishing the architecture of the human colon epithelium.
A data management system for precision medicine
Authors: Jacobs John J. L. , Beekers Inés , Verkouter Inge , Richards Levi B. , Vegelien Alexandra , Bloemsma Lizan D. , Bongaerts Vera A. M. C. , Cloos Jacqueline , Erkens Frederik , Gradowska Patrycja , Hort Simon , Hudecek Michael , Juan Manel , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Navarro-Velázquez Sergio , Ngai Lok Lam , Rafiq Qasim A. , Sanges Carmen , Tettero Jesse , van Os Hendrikus J. A. , Vos Rimke C. , de Wit Yolanda , van Dijk Steven
Published: January 2025

Precision, or personalised medicine has advanced requirements for medical data management systems (MedDMSs). MedDMS for precision medicine should be able to process hundreds of parameters from multiple sites, be adaptable while remaining in sync at multiple locations, real-time syncing to analytics and be compliant with international privacy legislation. This paper describes the LogiqSuite software solution, aimed to support a precision medicine solution at the patient care (LogiqCare), research (LogiqScience) and data science (LogiqAnalytics) level. LogiqSuite is certified and compliant with international medical data and privacy legislations. This paper evaluates a MedDMS in five types of use cases for precision medicine, ranging from data collection to algorithm development and from implementation to integration with real-world data. The MedDMS is evaluated in seven precision medicine data science projects in prehospital triage, cardiovascular disease, pulmonology, and oncology. The P4O2 consortium uses the MedDMS as an electronic case report form (eCRF) that allows real-time data management and analytics in long covid and pulmonary diseases. In an acute myeloid leukaemia, study data from different sources were integrated to facilitate easy descriptive analytics for various research questions. In the AIDPATH project, LogiqCare is used to process patient data, while LogiqScience is used for pseudonymous CAR-T cell production for cancer treatment. In both these oncological projects the data in LogiqAnalytics is also used to facilitate machine learning to develop new prediction models for clinical-decision support (CDS). The MedDMS is also evaluated for real-time recording of CDS data from U-Prevent for cardiovascular risk management and from the Stroke Triage App for prehospital triage. The MedDMS is discussed in relation to other solutions for privacy-by-design, integrated data stewardship and real-time data analytics in precision medicine. LogiqSuite is used for multi-centre research study data registrations and monitoring, data analytics in interdisciplinary consortia, design of new machine learning / artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, development of new or updated prediction models, integration of care with advanced therapy production, and real-world data monitoring in using CDS tools. The integrated MedDMS application supports data management for care and research in precision medicine.
Research on the construction of an urban underground parking space color system from the perspective of psychological perception
Authors: Lv Yuan , Shen Yanjun , Li Boyuan , Huang Jincheng , Luo Hou’an
Published: January 2025

Color, an intuitive element affecting human senses, can adapt to the environment of a space, evoke emotional responses, trigger and accumulate visual experiences, and enhance the effectiveness of color in shaping spatial atmosphere and reinforcing spatial divisions. In the context of rapid urban underground space development, examining the rational application of color in underground parking spaces is crucial for improving guidance, comfort, and aesthetics. This exploration is essential for achieving high-quality development in urban underground parking environments. Based on color psychology and using typical cities in China as case studies, this paper develops a color analytical framework for urban underground parking spaces through the process of “color field investigation—analysis of color influencing factors—color system construction—color application and control” and proposes a detailed chromatographic scheme. Within this framework, color field investigation serves as the foundation for determining color usage. Key influencing factors for color selection include color elements and their relationships, the type of underground parking space, and public color perception demands. The color system has been constructed including safe colors, prohibited colors, and theme colors, which has been further divided into basic, auxiliary, and accent colors. This study provides a replicable and practical theoretical and applied framework for urban underground space management and urban color planning. The framework facilitates the establishment of a standardized color system and chromatographic scheme that aligns with urban aesthetics and public psychology, thereby improving development quality and supporting the high-quality development of urban underground spaces.
Synthesising enablers and barriers to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance—A systematic review of qualitative findings
Authors: Moussa Dina , Flores Joan Ericka , Doyle Joseph S. , Ryan Marno , Wallace Jack , Howell Jessica
Published: January 2025

Background & aims

This systematic literature review of qualitative findings aims to identify the perceived barriers and enablers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance from patient and clinician perspectives.

Methods

A systematic search of databases using key term combinations with the following inclusion criteria: 1) qualitative and quantitative (survey) studies exploring barriers and enablers of HCC surveillance, and 2) qualitative and quantitative (survey) studies exploring barriers and enablers of enagagement in clinical care for patients with cirrhosis and/or viral hepatitis.

Results

The search returned 445 citations: 371 did not meet the study criteria and were excluded. 74 studies proceeded to full-text review, leading to 21 included studies (15 studies from searching with a further six studies from citation review) progressing to data extraction by two independent reviewers. Results from studies exploring patients’ perspectives reinforce that barriers are experienced by patients across different health settings, cultures, and regions. Logistical barriers including costs and transportation, and knowledge/awareness barriers were commonly identified. Studies that included clinician perspectives highlighted the need for healthcare provider education and system-level interventions to optimize HCC surveillance uptake in clinical practice.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the critical need for interventions that enable engagement in HCC surveillance in health services.
Exploring early Acheulian technological decision-making: A controlled experimental approach to raw material selection for percussive artifacts in Melka Wakena, Ethiopia
Authors: Paixão Eduardo , Gossa Tegenu , Gneisinger Walter , Marreiros João , Tholen Sören , Calandra Ivan , Hovers Erella
Published: January 2025

The evolution of human behaviour is marked by key decision-making processes reflected in technological variability in the early archaeological record. As part of the technological system, differences in raw material quality directly affect the way that humans produce, design and use stone tools. The selection, procurement and use of various raw materials requires decision-making to evaluate multiple factors such as suitability to produce and design tools, but also the materials’ efficiency and durability in performing a given task. Therefore, characterizing the physical properties of various lithic raw materials is crucial for exploring changes in human interactions with their natural environment through time and space and for understanding their technological behaviour. In this paper, we present the first step in an ongoing program designed to understand the decision-making criteria involved in the use of raw materials by the early Acheulian tool-makers at the Melka Wakena (MW) site-complex, located on the Ethiopian highlands. We present the results of the first experimental step, in which we identified and measured the engineering properties of raw materials in the lithic assemblages. These data serve as an objective, quantifiable baseline for natural experiments as well as archaeological inquiries into the technological decision-making processes of early Pleistocene hominins in Africa.
Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. antibodies in humans and livestock at various human-animal interfaces in Jordan
Authors: Ismail Zuhair Bani , Widemann Lea , Daradkeh Yasmin , Al-Omari Omar , Fahmawi Alaa , Lakaideh Mais , Sha’fout Belal , Mellhem Haia , Al-Bayari Leen , Al-Omari Saad , Talafha Hani , Hijazeen Zaidoun , Al-Omari Bilal , DeMarco Jean , Karesh William B. , Abu-Basha Ehab A.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira spp., affects humans and animals, posing significant health and economic burdens. This multidisciplinary One Health study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira spp.-specific antibodies in humans and livestock at the human-animal interfaces in Jordan.

Materials and Methods: Study sites were selected across Jordan based on previous research showing a high likelihood of zoonotic pathogen circulation. The study population comprised 500 individuals and 400 livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, and camels). Blood samples were collected from both humans and livestock at baseline and at follow-up after 1.5 years. Humans were followed longitudinally, whereas livestock were sampled opportunistically. The samples were tested for Leptospira spp.-specific Immunoglobulin G antibodies using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. For humans, seroprevalence was calculated from baseline data, and incidence was calculated using follow-up data. In livestock, seroprevalence was calculated at baseline and follow-up.

Results: At baseline, the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in humans was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–6.1), with exposure detected across all five sites. The incidence rate of human leptospirosis was 1145 cases/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 455–2,321). In livestock, the baseline seroprevalence was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.79–3.7), which increased to 4.3% (95% CI: 2.6–6.9) at follow-up. Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected only in sheep and goats at both sampling times, with no cases found in camels or cattle.

Conclusion: This study highlights the presence and dynamics of leptospirosis at the human-animal interface in Jordan, revealing a baseline human seroprevalence of 4.0% and an incidence rate of 1145 cases per 100,000 person-years. Among livestock, seroprevalence increased from 1.7% to 4.3% over the study period, with exposure limited to sheep and goats. These findings underscore the importance of targeted public health and veterinary interventions to address zoonotic leptospirosis in endemic areas.

Keywords: emerging zoonotic disease, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, human-animal interface, leptospirosis, One Health, seroprevalence.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Education Sector and Student Well-being
Authors: Sawalka Divyang
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all walks of life and caused changes in major sectors of the economy. It has disrupted the education sector and has impacted students all over the world. This paper aims at analyzing the impact of Covid-19 on education and its impact on student well-being and mental health. The perception of students, teachers and parents have been taken into consideration while examining the same. The paper finds that, digital learning infrastructure is not developed, and educational institutions and governments over the globe were caught off-guard due to this switch from offline to online mode. It also finds that the well-being and mental health of students has been negatively impacted due to this switch. While, considering the impact on Indian education, the paper finds that the urban and rural socio-economic divide has increased, with rural India suffering a great deal due to lack of digital infrastructure. Learning loss was found more amongst younger students compared to their seniors. The paper also covers the research gap of the literature reviews and discusses the way to the future regarding the education sector.
Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Cessation in Patients With Suspected Opioid-Induced Esophageal Dysfunction
Authors: Ezquerra-Durán A. , Alcalá-González L. , Araujo I.K. , Alcedo J. , Serra J. , Barba-Orozco E.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

The causal relationship between chronic opioid use and esophageal motor dysfunction in symptomatic patients has not been established.

METHODS:

A prospective before-and-after multicenter study, including chronic active opioid patients referred for esophageal motility tests because of nonobstructive dysphagia.

RESULTS:

Thirty-seven patients were evaluated, and 27 (73%) had criteria for opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction. In 19 patients who discontinued opioids for at least 7 days, esophageal motor disorders resolved in 10 (52.6%), accompanied by a clinical success response (defined as Eckardt ≤3) in 64.3%.

DISCUSSION:

Discontinuation of opioids is associated with clinical and esophageal motility improvement in up to half of the patients.
Vidofludimus Calcium in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial
Authors: D'Haens Geert , Stardelova Kalina Grivcheva , Sadiku Edite , Kizlova Natallia , Skybalo Syitlana , Shehovtsova Yulia , Abramescu Mirela , Vitt Daniel , Kohlhof Hella , Muehler Andreas
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Vidofludimus calcium (VidoCa) is a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor that demonstrated efficacy in immune-related diseases. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of VidoCa in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODS:

This placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial randomized adults with moderate-to-severe UC to receive once-daily VidoCa (10, 30, or 45 mg) or placebo for 10 weeks (induction); patients with symptomatic remission were rerandomized to VidoCa 10, 30 mg, or placebo once daily for an additional 40 weeks (maintenance). The primary endpoint was clinical remission at week 10. Secondary endpoints included symptomatic remission, endoscopic healing, and symptomatic response. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03341962) and EudraCT (2017-003703-22).

RESULTS:

Two hundred sixty-three patients were randomized to induction treatment with VidoCa (10 mg [n = 67], 30 mg [n = 66], and 45 mg [n = 66]) or placebo (n = 64). Sixteen (14%) patients treated with VidoCa (30 mg or 45 mg) achieved the primary endpoint compared with 8 (14%) with placebo. In patients without concomitant corticosteroids, 7 (12%) treated with VidoCa achieved clinical remission at week 10 vs 1 (4%) with placebo. At week 50, dose-dependent increases in the rate of clinical remission (P = 0.0358), steroid-free clinical remission, and endoscopic healing were observed. Common adverse events (AEs) were headache (4 [6%]), anemia (3 [6%]), vomiting (3 [5%]), and hypertension (3 [5%]) with incidence similar between placebo and VidoCa. Hematuria (4 [6%]) was a treatment-related AE with VidoCa 45 mg only. The incidence of serious AEs was low.

DISCUSSION:

VidoCa was safe, well-tolerated, and demonstrated proof-of-concept for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition to treat UC.
Tenofovir vs Entecavir on the Prognosis of Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Resection: The Role of HBsAg Levels
Authors: Qiu Zhancheng , Xu Yueqing , Qi Weili , Shen Junyi , Wen Tianfu , Li Chuan
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Our study aimed to explore whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels affected the role of nucleot(s)ide analog treatment (entecavir [ETV] and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]) in improving the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection.

METHODS:

A total of 865 patients with HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy treated with TDF or ETV were included in our study. Patients were divided into the high HBsAg cohort (n = 681) and the low HBsAg cohort (n = 184). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce the impact of potential confounding factors. Kaplan-Meier method and competing risk analysis were used to compare the survival outcomes.

RESULTS:

In the high HBsAg cohort, patients in the TDF group had better recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with patients in the ETV group both before (RFS: P < 0.001; OS: P < 0.001) and after (RFS: P = 0.005; OS: P = 0.035) PSM. TDF treatment was a favorable factor independently associated with RFS (hazard ratio: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.75, P < 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio: 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.66, P < 0.001). In the low HBsAg cohort, no difference was observed in RFS and OS between the TDF group and the ETV group both before (RFS: P = 0.140; OS: P = 0.640) and after (RFS: P = 0.480; OS: P = 0.920) PSM. TDF treatment remained superiority after controlling for competing events by competing risk analysis in the high HBsAg cohort.

DISCUSSION:

TDF treatment was superior to ETV treatment in improving RFS and OS of HBV-related HCC patients with high HBsAg level after liver resection. Even after controlling for survival competing events, the advantage of TDF treatment remained. Our findings may better help clinicians to assign individualized antiviral regimens to patients with HBV-related HCC after liver resection.
In vitro and In silico Antibacterial Potency of Eucalyptus Leaf Oil from Hybrid Clones of E. grandis with E. urophylla and E. pellita
Authors: Yanico Hadi Prayogo Yanico Hadi Prayogo , Anggini Awanda Wira , Carolina Anne , Togu Manurung Elisa Ganda , Sari Rita Kartika , Purwoko Agus , Pasaribu Gunawan
Published: January 2025

Hybridization can introduce beneficial traits from different species, such as increased disease resistance, yield, or stress tolerance. This study aimed to describe the effect of hybridization on the essential oil yield, phytochemical components, in vitro and in silico antibacterial activity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus leaves from various clones against 4 different types of bacteria. The E. grandis-E. pellita clones were characterized by higher abundances of α-pinene and α-terpineol. Meanwhile, the E. grandis-E. urophylla clones were characterized by higher abundances of γ-terpinene, phellandrene, terpinen-4-ol, and caryophyllene. Clone from E. grandis-E. pellita showed the highest antibacterial against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. Meanwhile, clones from E. grandis-E. urophylla showed the highest antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus. The in silico analysis predicted two compounds, namely spathulenone and α-terpineol as the most potent bioactive compounds against four different antibacterial protein targets. This finding demonstrates the potential of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil as an antibiotic against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and it is expected that in the future, its activity can be enhanced by focusing on increasing the content of active compounds predicted from the in silico analysis.
Predictors of severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection
Authors: Avhaitis S. S.
Published: January 2025

Aim of the study. To determine the predictors of severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection.
Materials and methods. To achieve the aim and solve the problems, an open, prospective observational study was conducted: from January 2021 to February 2022, 102 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) aged 40 to 65 years with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were observed in the outpatient department of the Kherson City Clinical Hospital named after Athanasius and Olga Tropinin of the Kherson City Council. Determination of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was performed in blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using standardized kits: “hs-CRP-ELISA-Best”, “IL-6-ELISA-Best”, “IL-10-ELISA-Best” in accordance with the attached instructions.
Results. The analysis of univariate logistic regression models showed that such indicators as patient age, heart rate and SpO2 were not important in the occurrence of severe CAP. Indicators such as vital capacity of the lung, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and IL-6 / IL-10 ratio were predictors of severe CAP according to the results of logistic regression analysis. Blood glucose, IL-6, and the IL-6 / IL-10 ratio lost their prognostic power in multivariable logistic regression models of severe CAP. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, the predictors of severe CAP were the volume of lung lesions on computed tomography (CT) and the level of hs-CRP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of severe CAP were the volume of lung lesion more than 20 % on CT (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI OR 1.11–1.48), and the level of hs-C-reactive protein >13.50 mg/L (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI OR 1.50–3.31). In terms of predicting the development of severe CAP, hs-CRP has an advantage over the standard model (AUC = 0.92 vs AUC = 0.72, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following independent predictors were most significant for the occurrence of severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection: lung lesion volume on CT and high hs-CRP. These indicators also had the largest areas under the ROC curve among those analyzed. Determining the level of C-reactive protein by a highly sensitive method is important for patients with moderate pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection to assess the risk of severe disease.
Forschungsperspektiven zu KI, Informationsverhalten und Informationskompetenz
Authors: Michel Antje , Griesbaum Joachim
Published: January 2025

Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet über Konzept und Ergebnisse eines Workshops der Autor*innen auf der internationalen Konferenz für Informationsverhaltensforschung (ISIC 2024). Das Ziel des Workshops bestand darin, einen Diskursraum für den internationalen Erfahrungsaustausch von Forschenden mit Schwerpunkten im Bereich der Informationsverhaltensforschung, der Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz sowie verwandten Themenbereichen der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften zu schaffen. Den Ausgangspunkt für die Diskussion bildete eine Pilotstudie, die die Autor*innen im Juni/Juli 2024 an deutschen Hochschulen mit informationswissenschaftlichen Studiengängen zum Informationsverhalten der Studierenden im Umgang mit KI-Tools durchgeführt haben.
Ageism and Intergenerational Dynamics in the Workplace: A Scoping Review with Implications for Gender and Sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM)
Authors: Wu Jing , Elliott O’Dare Catherine , Greene Jo
Published: January 2025

This scoping review explores the complex dynamics of ageism and intergenerational relations within workplace settings, providing insights into how these phenomena shape organizational culture, employee engagement, and workplace inclusivity. Using a systematic search across five databases, we identified 25 studies that examine various aspects of age-based discrimination and generational interactions in the workplace. Key findings suggest that an inclusive intergenerational climate can buffer against ageism, enhance job satisfaction, and improve retention across age groups. The review highlights the compounded challenges faced by older workers, especially older women, suggesting a need for research on gendered ageism and its impact on older female workers. The findings underscore the importance of human resource management (HRM) practices that foster knowledge sharing and mutual respect across generations, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to gender equality, decent work, and reduced inequalities. Additionally, this review emphasizes the potential of sustainable HRM strategies to dismantle stereotypes, support gender-sensitive policies, and foster a socially responsible workplace that values contributions across all ages. Future research should address regional differences, particularly in Asian and Global South contexts, to better understand how socio-economic factors such as education, job type, and citizenship status influence ageism in diverse workplace settings.
Ultrasound’s influence on the properties of cellulose/Halloysite clay nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Sedighi Behrooz , Davodiroknabadi Abolfazl , Shahvaziyan Mohammad , Shirgholami Mohammadali
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the characteristics of a nano-web made using the electrospinning technique, which incorporated Halloysite clay nanotubes. The focus was on understanding how different ultrasonic frequencies affected the properties of the nano-web. Through the use of field emission scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping, it was confirmed that the Halloysite clay nanotubes were present and provided insights into the morphology of the samples. The electrical conductivity results were impressive, and the treated specimens showed higher crease recovery properties compared to the untreated ones, thanks to the presence of Halloysite clay nanotubes and the various ultrasound frequencies used. In addition, the samples demonstrated improved ultraviolet-blocking abilities as well as excellent strength and resistance to abrasion. Overall, the nanocomposite webs displayed promising features that could find applications in multiple industries.
Scientific investigation on antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic effects and TLC bioautography of Terminalia schimperiania stem bark extracts
Authors: Sipping Marius , Kumar T. Sathish , Kamdem Nestor
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Terminalia schimperiana Hochst, belonging to the Combretaceae family, is known for its ethnomedicinal values, particularly in treating various diseases in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of T. schimperiana stem bark extracts, with a specific focus on assessing their bioactive potential and identifying active compounds via TLC bioautography.

Methods

The in vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against selected clinical strains. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using several methods including free radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation assays and total phenolic content analysis. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using MTT assay towards Raw 264.7 and Vero cell lines.

Results

All extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested, with inhibition zones (IZ) ranging from 6.50 ± 0.71 to 15.50 ± 0.71 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.95 to 1,250 μg/ml. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited strongest antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 188.50; 245.30, and 281.50 μg/mL for DPPH; ABTS, ferrous ion chelation assays respectively, and a high content of phenolic compounds (101.67 ± 2.97 µgEFA/mg DW). Importantly, no cytotoxic effects were observed on Raw 264.7 and Vero cell lines. HPTLC analysis identified alkaloids and phenolic compounds in both aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts.

Conclusions

These findings indicate T. schimperiana provides a wealth of bio-compounds that can be utilised in the pharmaceutical industry as antibacterial and antioxidant agents to combat antibiotic resistance.
Computational analyses to reveal the key determinants of the high malignancy level of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuan , Liu Aoran , Mu Xuechen , Wang Zhihang , Xiao Jun , Qu Yinwei , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Ye , Xu Ying
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer that originates in the bile duct; it has an average five-year survival rate of 9%, which makes it the cancer with the lowest survival rate among all 33 cancer types in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) Program. The aim of this study is to elucidate the key determinants of the high malignancy level of CHOL through computational and cell-based experimental approaches and, particularly, to investigate how bile acids (BAs) influence CHOL’s propensity to metastasize.

Methods

Our study analyzed the transcriptomic data from 1835 tissue samples of 7 digestive system cancer types in the TCGA database and compared them with those of 330 control tissue samples. Multiple cellular and molecular factors were considered in the study, including the level of hypoxia, level of immune cell infiltration, degree of cellular dedifferentiation, and level of sialic acid (SA) accumulation on the surface of cancer cells. Using these factors, we developed a multivariable regression model for the five-year survival rate, as reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program reports, and analyzed how BA biology influences a few of these factors and causes CHOL to have a high malignancy level.

Results

CHOL exhibited the highest level of SA accumulation and B-cell infiltration among all cancer types studied. BAs inhibit the cell cycle progression through the receptor GPBAR1, thereby limiting the rate of nucleotide biosynthesis—which in turn forces the cells to increase SA biosynthesis in order to maintain the intracellular pH at a stable level—thereby driving cell migration and metastasis, as established in our previous study.

Conclusions

BAs are the key contributors to the lowest five-year survival rate of CHOL among the seven cancer types studied here. This finding not only reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the high malignancy level of CHOL but also provides a new potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of CHOL.
Both Generable and Alterable in Aristotle’s
On Generation and Corruption
I.1 & I.4
Authors: O’Connor Scott
Published: January 2025

In GC I.1 Aristotle criticizes the monists and pluralists for accepting positions that eliminate either generation or alteration, and in GC I.4 he defends the existence of both. Thus, he must believe that his account is immune to those objections he raises against his predecessors, but it is difficult to reconstruct these objections, and so difficult to discern how Aristotle distinguishes his own account from theirs. In this paper, I propose a new reconstruction of these objections, and I show how Aristotle’s own account is immune to them so reconstructed. On my interpretation, Aristotle argues that neither the monists nor the pluralists can explain the generation of a substance. The monists cannot explain how an ultimate subject of predication–one mark of substance–is generated. The pluralists cannot explain how a being that can alter–another mark of substance–is generated. I subsequently show how Aristotle’s own account in GC I.4 sufficiently diverges from his predecessors to allow something that is both generable and alterable.
The Boogeyman in the Closet: A Cognitive-Behavioral Account of Epicurean Emotions
Authors: Poulakidas Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

Vain emotions are, according to Epicurus, the source of our mental disturbance. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze this connection by clarifying the structure of vain emotions in Epicurean philosophy. In order to achieve this, I present, first, the major lines of interpretation regarding the structure of epicurean emotions. Second, I highlight potential problems for each one of these interpretations. Third, I conclude that the existing interpretations cannot capture the whole picture regarding the epicurean structure of emotions and thus I propose an alternative reading of the latter which surpasses the problems facing the existing interpretations.
POSSIBILIDADES DE INTERLOCUÇÃO ENTRE A ANTROPOLOGIA BIOLÓGICA, A ANTROPOLOGIA SOCIOCULTURAL E OUTRAS FRENTES DISCIPLINARES: ALGUNS BREVES RELATOS
Authors: Gaspar NETO Verlan Valle
Published: January 2025

Quais as possibilidades de diálogo entre a Bioantropologia, de um lado, e a Antropologia Sociocultural, e outras disciplinas, de outro? Acerca deste tema, neste artigo são apresentadas as impressões, na forma de relatos, de quatro pesquisadores sêniores atuantes em Antropologia Biológica no Brasil. Os relatos encontram-se organizados em três eixos que dialogam entre si, a saber: (a) uma suposta lacuna na formação dos antropólogos brasileiros (o tema da evolução biológica humana) e, que, portanto, contribuiria para uma ausência de diálogo entre as vertentes biológica e sociocultural da Antropologia no país; (b) as possibilidades efetivas de diálogo a partir de temas / objetos específicos, além das tensões subjacentes às relações com a Antropologia Sociocultural: (c) as disputas e discordâncias em torno de um tema comum (o povoamento humano do continente americano) como parte integrante, também, das relações entre as diferentes especialidades internas à Bioantropologia. De modo a enriquecer as discussões proporcionadas pelos quatro pesquisadores, o artigo também faz um razoável apanhado bibliográfico de trabalhos teóricos e etnográficos que apresentam preocupações comuns àquelas que aparecem nos relatos.
Estudos de dinâmica populacional, ancestralidade genética e saúde em comunidades quilombolas: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Nunes Kelly , Kimura Lilian , Gontijo Carolina Carvalho , Arcanjo Ana Carolina , Mingroni-Netto Regina , De Oliveira Silviene Fabiana
Published: January 2025

A população brasileira é fruto de uma intensa e complexa miscigenação entre indígenas americanos, europeus e africanos. Apesar desse processo, ainda hoje encontramos em todo o país populações isoladas ou semi-isoladas, exemplos das quais são os remanescentes de quilombos. Eles estão presentes em todas as regiões brasileiras e preservam uma riqueza sociocultural e genética inestimável. Aqui, reunimos parte dos resultados obtidos em pesquisas sobre remanescentes de quilombos, de forma independente, pelos grupos de pesquisa dos Laboratórios de Genética Humana das Universidades de Brasília e de São Paulo. Ao concatenarmos dados genéticos, demográficos e de saúde buscamos construir uma visão ampla sobre quilombos de diferentes regiões, no que se refere a dinâmica populacional, ancestralidade genética e doenças como anemia falciforme e hipertensão. Esperamos trazer à tona a importância e a necessidade de que pesquisas com povos tradicionais sejam integradas e multidisciplinares. Essa integração favorecerá não apenas a comunicação entre pesquisadores em antropologia biológica e cultural, mas também permitirá a construção de panoramas mais completos para nortear a elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde que atendam as demandas dessas comunidades.
SOCIOECOLOGIA E SAÚDE DE POPULAÇÕES QUILOMBOLAS DO PARÁ, AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL
Authors: Filgueiras Ligia Amaral , Silva Hilton P
Published: January 2025

Quilombolas são populações afrodescendentes que conseguiram sobreviver à escravidão e constituir sociedades contemporâneas com organização política, territorial e econômica própria. São grupos considerados vulnerabilizados devido a suas condições de vida, formas de subsistência, e ao enfrentamento de violência e racismo cotidianos, fatores que interferem diretamente em sua saúde. A partir de uma perspectiva bioantropológica, analisamos 306 famílias de seis comunidades quilombolas do Estado do Pará utilizando técnicas antropométricas, questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas e exames físicos sobre situação socioecológica, nutricional e de saúde. Em geral as condições socioecológicas afetam sobremaneira a vida dessas populações, pois todas carecem de saneamento ambiental, água tratada, vivem em habitações precárias, onde muitas vezes não há banheiro interno. Essas condições influenciam nos altos níveis de parasitismo, infecções respiratórias, doenças de pele e outras enfermidades infectocontagiosas e crônicas. A escolaridade é baixa e o acesso à serviços de saúde é difícil devido às distâncias entre as comunidades e as áreas urbanas. A investigação a partir de uma perspectiva bioantropológica permitiu concluir que os determinantes sociais de saúde vivenciados por essas comunidades exercem enormes pressões sobre suas vidas, resultando em problemas como excesso de peso e outras doenças crônicas, doenças infeciosas e parasitárias e stress, que se refletem em elevada morbidade, principalmente entre as mulheres, e potencialmente reduzida expectativa de vida.