bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prominence of Partisanship in the Congressional Budget Process
Authors: Fisher Patrick
Published: March 2007

Partisanship in Congress plays an extremely important role in the construction of the national budget. The congressional budget process has increasingly found itself polarized along partisan lines in recent years. Districts represented by Democratic members of Congress are significantly different demographically and politically from those represented by Republicans. This dynamic has the potential to dramatically influence the manner in which Congress attempts to budget. Given the checks and balances of the American political system, compromise is a necessary element of the congressional budget process. Partisanship is thereby a necessary component in the congressional budget process, but a component that must conduct itself within the boundaries of the American political system.
The Origins of Opinion of American Party Activists
Authors: Herrera Richard
Published: March 2007

In this paper, I test two hypotheses about the origin of opinion of partisan activists. The first is a rational-choice thesis that states that due to electoral considerations, activists will adopt positions on issues that correspond to where they believe voters to stand on those issues. The competing hypothesis is based on the influence of contenders for the parties' presidential nomination. This hypothesis predicts that just as candidates play a role in activating segments of the party to participate in the nomination process, they also influence the views held by those activists. Using data from the 1988 and 1992 Convention Delegate Studies, I conduct tests of these hypotheses. The results point toward a candidate-motivation explanation for the origin of opinion of party activists. The implications of these findings are that the information about politics that flows to the mass citizenry is influenced by the candidates who choose to seek the party's nomination and, in the process, activate segments of the party that will then serve as the opinion leaders in society.
A Deliberative Defence of Intra-Party Democracy
Authors: Teorell Jan
Published: March 2007

Earlier attempts to justify intra-party democracy have failed. Either they have been inconsistent with democratic premises, or those premises have been flawed in the first place. This article develops a viable defence for internally democratic parties based on the deliberative theory of democracy. Parties should be internally democratic in order to provide a vertical linkage between different deliberating spheres and a horizontal linkage between competing issues. In addition, intra-party democracy makes policy agenda-setting accountable to the public and provides a second-order principle from which to justify exceptions from internally democratic practices when deemed necessary. The article finally considers some of the institutional practices parties could adopt in order to approximate this deliberative ideal.
Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Physical Education: a Case Study of a Prospective Classroom Teacher
Authors: Tsangaridou Niki
Published: March 2007

Recently, attention has been focused on the development and the nature of pedagogical content knowledge in the general and physical education literature. The purpose of this study was to describe the enacted pedagogical content knowledge of an elementary classroom teacher during student teaching.Data collection included observations, documents, journals and interviews. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Findings indicated that Anna designed instructional tasks with an emphasis on students’ learning. An important issue in teaching for Anna was the transformation of content. During the process of content delivery Anna used examples, demonstrations and openended questions to enhance students’ learning and understanding. In helping students work cooperatively Anna designed partner and group task activities during the teaching and learning process. Anna’s case illustrates the value of understanding pre-service classroom teachers’ ways of coming to learn what, why and how to teach PE.
The Relation of Goal Orientations to Physical Activity in Physical Education
Authors: Tzetzis George , Goudas Marios , Kourtessis Thomas , Zisi Vaso
Published: March 2007

Researchers support the relationship of task orientation with exerted effort, persistence and self-reported physical activity but there is little evidence on the relation of goal perspectives with objective measures of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine behavioural correlates of goal orientations using an objective measure of physical activity in physical education (PE). The participants of the study were 112 students,boys and girls, of different age groups 9–10 and 11–12 years ofage. A field test was conducted and objective measures of physical activity(CSA) and goal orientation were obtained in 16 PE lessons. ANOVA analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in sex or age, or time participation in moderate physical activity time but there was a significant difference in participation in vigorous activities. Students that scored higher in task orientation had a longer participation in vigorous activity regardless of their ego orientation comparing them with those who had high egoand low task. These results may provide significant insights for appropriate practice in PE.
Qualitative Evaluation of a Program on Self-care and Health Education for Diabetics
Authors: Santos-Guerra Miguel Angel , Fernandez-Sierra Juan
Published: March 2007

Educational evaluators in Spain were called in by a hospital department to conduct an external evaluation of a health and self-care education program for diabetics. The qualitative methodology proposed contrasted with the medical research paradigm familiar to hospital staff. Feedback of early results, whilst critical, provoked dialogue within the department. A second stage brought the evaluation into closer contact with the program and medical consultations with patients. The article reports on findings from the evaluation for the hospital department and the lessons learned by the evaluators.
Speeches and Addresses
Authors: Stern Elliot
Published: March 2007

Speeches and Addresses is an occasional feature, not in article format, in which presentations at conferences and other public gatherings are seen as likely to be of interest to a wider audience. Sometimes these speeches and addresses will undoubtedly be contentious, in which case responses and counter-arguments are to be expected and are welcome. Contributions to this section are intended to make accessible relevant material for academic, policy-making and practitioner audiences.
The Cremated Catholic: The Ends of a Deceased Guatemalan
Authors: Brandes Stanley
Published: March 2007

After a Guatemalan migrant worker living in northern California was killed by a hit-and-run driver while crossing a highway one night, his family requested that his body be sent back to his native village in southwestern Guatemala to be mourned and buried according to traditional Catholic custom. But the County morgue confused this deceased individual with another Latino and cremated his body before it could be shipped. This article analyzes the cultural, psychological and economic ramifications of this accidental cremation. Although permissible within the Catholic Church, the cremation caused enormous suffering to the family of the deceased as well as to the dead man's soul. At the same time it generated potential financial windfall not only for his relatives, but for lawyers and the present author.
Pilgrimages of the Plagued: AIDS, Body and Society
Authors: BARDELLA CLAUDIO
Published: March 2007

This article describes the mystico-religious character of the `gay-mega-party' phenomenon which has developed in and across urban gay `communities' of the Western world and suggests how the HIV/AIDS health crisis, pivotal in the enactment of this postmodern form of religious expression, sets it apart from mainstream expressions of `rave' culture. The concept of a gay `community' is problematic, and notions of `lifestyle' and `neo-tribalism' are employed in order to conceptualize individual and communal processes of identification of homosexual behaviour. The application of Turner's anthropological perspective on traditional forms of pilgrimage reveals the proximity of the `megagay-party' phenomenon to popular pilgrimage culture.
Condoms and the Making of Sexual Differences in AIDS Heterosexual Culture
Authors: VITELLONE NICOLE
Published: March 2007

In feminist analyses of HIV/AIDS and heterosexuality it is often suggested that the constitution of sexual difference and gender concerns the specific image of heterosexual women's bodies. Such understandings of power and embodiment are especially at play in analyses of safer-(hetero)sex advertisements where the object of the condom is considered to represent a diseased female body. But while the object of the condom in AIDS heterosexual culture is generally understood to concern a female `other' and in addition a disappearing male body, in this article I call into question this understanding of the condom. Specifically, through an analysis of AIDS research findings on safer heterosex practise, I suggest that the object of the condom concerns not sexed female bodies but a heterosexual masculine self-identity.
Stress-Induced Loss of Colour Vision
Authors: Wright J. Barry , McKenzie Immanuel
Published: March 2007

Total loss of colour vision which is acquired is rare and is usually organic. Standard ophthalmological textbooks do not mention psychogenic causes. One case, reported here, highlights the existence of non-organic achromatopsia (loss of colour vision) in children and the importance of maintaining links between child mental-health workers and other disciplines such as ophthalmologists to establish appropriate investigation and management.
Can Disturbance in Attachment Contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Case Discussion
Authors: Stiefel Ingeborg
Published: March 2007

Three cases are presented in which the emergence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to a lack in sustained parental attention during the first years of the child's life. The deficit in sustained parental attention resulted from different stressors which compromised the early parent-child relationship, leading to adverse and escalating cycles of negative interaction and affecting the attachment relationship. It is argued that family stress and attachment difficulties between parents and infants may play an important role in the development of ADHD in a subgroup of children. It is also argued that this model does not explain all ADHD and that it is not implicitly critical of parents. However by delineating the different possible pathways to ADHD, clinicians may be able to offer subtype specific multimodal treatment programmes which address aetiological components more adequately. Further, ADHD in a subgroup of children may be preventable if early antecedents and risk factors are understood and appropriate intervention is provided.
An Opt-In Appointment System and Brief Therapy: Perspectives on a Waiting List Initiative
Authors: Stallard Paul , Sayers Jacqui
Published: March 2007

An opt-in appointment and brief (three session) therapy formed the basis of an initiative designed to tackle a waiting list. The opt-in system, requiring families to confirm in advance attendance at their initial appointment, resulted in a first appointment failure rate of 5%. This compared to 27% using a more traditional appointment system. Almost half of the families were never seen and whether the opt-in system disadvantaged these remains unclear. The majority of families who attended appointments were satisfied with the service they received and both they and clinicians identified fewer problems by the end of contact. The limitations of the assessment methods used are acknowledged although the results suggest that brief therapy can produce short-term change. Further work to identify which problems respond best to brief intervention and whether this change lasts in the longer term is required.
The Use of Dance in Child Psychiatry
Authors: Elliott Rachel
Published: March 2007

This paper describes a dance education project within the school curriculum of a hospital child psychiatry ward. It highlights the successful and innovative collaboration between artists, teachers and medical staff. The article examines the role and benefits of dance education for children and young people experiencing psychological illness or distress. It describes in detail working methods including the use of boundaries to create a safe, containing and enabling space as well as strategies for involving children with restricted movement in dance. Structure and content of sessions is described in detail, highlighting the use of different dance and movement forms, props and live music. Case study examples illustrate how children with various disorders respond to and make use of dance. Finally the article reports on how the work is evaluated and valued by teachers, medical staff and children.
Integrating Cognitive Strategies into Behavioral Treatment for Abusive Parents and Families with Aggressive Adolescents
Authors: Stern Susan B. , Azar Sandra T.
Published: March 2007

In this article we describe cognitive problems that mark two parenting populations, abusive parents and parents of aggressive adolescents. We summarize the research characterizing the nature of these difficulties for both populations in three areas: distorted expectations and attributions, poor cognitive problem-solving capacities and poor anger control and stress management skills. We then describe promising cognitive strategies to address these difficulties. We suggest these strategies will enhance currently available behavioral approaches and address the complex tasks of parenting more fully.
Pervasive Refusal Syndrome: A Less Severe Variant with Defined Aetiology
Authors: McGowan Ruth , Green Jonathan
Published: March 2007

Lask et al. (Archives of Disease in Childhood, 66, 866-869) described pervasive refusal syndrome in 1991. The severe behavioural syndrome described could not be accounted for under other diagnostic categories and required hospitalization. The aetiology of this condition was not clear; Lask et al. hypothesized an aetiology of sexual abuse but this could only be proven in one case in their series. Subsequently Nunn and Thompson (Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 121-132, 1996) proposed an aetiology based on the theory of learned helplessness. We report on a further case fulfilling criteria for pervasive refusal syndrome. This patient presented with symptoms which were milder than described by Lask et al. A clear aetiology of traumatic sexual abuse involving intimidation was uncovered without the confounding factors of severe family dysfunction or social deprivation that were present in Lask et al.'s series. This is the first case of abuse described where the perpetrator is a minor. The syndrome resolved rapidly once the abuse was discovered and the child is well at 1-year follow-up. This case suggests that pervasive refusal can exist as a spectrum disorder of varying severity. The clear aetiology found in this case supports the original aetiology hypothesized in Lask et al.'s description and supports the hypothesis of the post-traumatic nature of the syndrome.
Testing a Relational Model for Health Communication Competence among Caregivers for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Query Jim L. , Kreps Gary L.
Published: March 2007

The Relational Model of Health Communication Competence suggests that health-care participants' level of communication competence is positively related to their achieving desired physiological and psychological health outcomes. This article provides a partial test of the model by examining the relationships between communication competence, social support and cognitive depression among lay caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The study provides validation for the model by demonstrating that the communication competence of the caregivers is positively related to important psychological health outcomes, such as high levels of social support, and decreases in cognitive depression. Implications of these findings and directions for future inquiry are examined.
Exercise Motives and Stages of Change
Authors: Ingledew David K. , Markland David , Medley Andrew R.
Published: March 2007

The aim was to examine how exercise motives differ across stages of change. British government employees completed questionnaires measuring exercise motives and exercise stage of change at baseline ( N = 425) and at 3-month follow-up (247 of the original sample). Discriminant analysis was used to determine whether exercise motives (and age and gender) could collectively discriminate between baseline stages of change; and whether exercise motives could discriminate between those who stayed inactive, stayed active, became active or became inactive over the 3 months. Taken as a whole, and with some qualifications, the results suggest that extrinsic (specifically bodily) motives dominate during the early stages of exercise adoption, but that intrinsic (specifically enjoyment) motives are important for progression to and maintenance of actual activity. This is consistent with Deci and Ryan's (1985) self- determination theory. The implications for exercise promotion are discussed.
'Go Go Dog!' and German Turks' Demand for Pet Dogs
Authors: Caglar Ayse S.
Published: March 2007

Pet dogs are strongly incorporated into social life in Germany, but until recently, they did not enjoy much popularity among German Turks. Although there is no significant change in the general demand for pet dogs in Germany, German Turks have now started acquiring pet dogs. This article focuses on the dynamics behind German Turks' emerging desire and demand for pet dogs in Berlin and argues that their consumption patterns, life styles and tastes, as a transnational collectivity, can only be explained in the context of German society. The commodity aspect of pets is demon strated by the utilitarian relationship German Turks forge with their pets. This has serious setbacks for their aim of symbolic utility in a society where the commodity aspect of pets is highly suppressed.
On the Relevance of Basil Bernstein's Theory of Codes To the Sociology of Art Museums
Authors: Fyfe Gordon J.
Published: March 2007

It is argued that art museums are neither reflexes of social structures nor sealed textual spaces. In the case of art-museum research there is a need to build on the insights of discourse analysis whilst keeping faith with classical sociological emphases on social power, inequality and change. Basil Bernstein's theory of cultural codes and his concepts of classification and framing provide a basis for such an analysis. Classification and framing specify the processes by which differences and solidarities which may appear to be 'out there' in the social structure are partially and discursively constituted by the museum. The paper deploys Bernstein's concepts in conjunction with David Lockwood's distinction between social integration and system integration to build an historical typology of art museums. The approach is illustrated with an analysis of the early Tate Gallery in London.
Foucault Contra Foucault:
Authors: DUPONT DANICA , PEARCE FRANK
Published: March 2007

This article provides a brief account of some key aspects of Foucault's later work in the area of power, security, population and `governmentality', and a critical analysis of these in light of other of his writings. The argument is as follows. This later work is marred by an implicit idealism that takes two forms. First, there is a vulgar historicist logic, a neo-Hegelian objective idealism involving a unilinear theory of crucial aspects of western history and the use of a single measuring rod for comparing and contrasting successive forms of organization of societies, thereby pre-empting the possibility of examining the varying effects in different social contexts of seemingly similar ways of organizing social relations. Second, much of this work is overly intentionalist in its understanding of particular phenomena. This subjective idealism involves an explanation of social arrangements as the result of political activities which, in turn, are themselves understood through the extant writings of various governors, policy writers and advisors—namely, as the effect of self-consciously produced self-reflexive discourses. Some of his earlier work, notably The Archaeology of Knowledge, provides the conceptual resources to critique and go beyond these writings.
The Genesis of `Fear of Crime'
Authors: LEE MURRAY
Published: March 2007

The `fear of crime' has, in the past three decades or so, developed as an important area of criminological research and inquiry. Debates have proliferated within and outside of the discipline of criminology about what crime fear might be, the rationality or irrationality of crime fear, which socio-demographic groups are most fearful of crime and why, and how to measure `fear of crime'. This article traces the emergence of `fear of crime' as a topic of criminological and governmental discourse. It argues that `fear of crime' is not a pre-discursive `social fact' but a contingent category born of a set of very particular discursive arrangements and shifts. As such it poses some serious questions about the power effects of doing `fear of crime' research and about the relationships between criminological knowledge and the processes and practices of government.
Dangerous, Inadequate, Invisible, Out
Authors: PRATT JOHN , DICKSON MARNY
Published: March 2007

This paper traces the criminological career in Britain of a group of offenders known as habitual criminals, from the first laws against them in the early part of this century to the present. It illustrates how they have been successively perceived as dangerous, inadequate, invisible and career criminals, with appropriate developments in penal policy to match their changing status.
Visceral Cultures and Criminal Practices
Authors: HALL STEVE
Published: March 2007

This paper will claim that capital's historical process produces durable forms of violent criminality because intense phases of this process constitute specific cultures at the emotional level as `visceral being'. As the productivist era recedes, the globalizing neo-capitalist market-place, based on circulation, consumption and social administration, is currently establishing itself as the principal form of economic life. Because these activities demand ever more eviscerated and domesticated forms of life, visceral cultures, once functional in the productivist era, are now finding themselves redundant. Some individuals and micro-communities heavily committed to this obsolete way of life are finding little alternative but to invest what have become very durable emotional dispositions as cultural capital in the field of criminal practice. Because the ontological foundation of these forms of life is viscerality, the liberal administration's politico-legal regulation of symbolic interchange, provision of equalized opportunity or encouragement of active citizenry can have only limited ameliorative effects on escalating levels of violent crime. Mutating forms of violent criminality are the products of historical material processes; they are susceptible to human intervention only if politics moves beyond its current role of managing market forces to one of direct engagement with the central systems of capitalist value and logic that drive these processes forward.
Parental Sanctions and Delinquent Behavior:
Authors: HAY CARTER
Published: March 2007

Almost a decade ago, John Braithwaite (1989) put forth an innovative theory of crime causation in Crime, Shame and Reintegration. In his theory of reintegrative shaming, Braithwaite locates the source of crime control in reactions to deviance that simultaneously evoke remorse from offenders for the rules they have violated and reinforce the individual's membership in the community of law-abiding citizens. In the period since its publication, the theory has influenced both the fields of criminal justice and academic criminology. However, apparent interest in the theory has not been translated into empirical tests of it. This article argues that the scarcity of empirical tests stems in large part from the lack of theoretical clarity in Braithwaite's statement of the theory. In general, definitions of key concepts and strategies for their measurement are provided at a minimum level and at times the theory omits necessary considerations. The purpose of this article is to correct these errors and demonstrate how the microlevel portion of the theory can be tested and thereby encourage empirical tests of a potentially valuable theory of crime causation.
‘Recalcitrant Bodies’? Children, Cancer and the Transgression of Corporeal Boundaries
Authors: Williams Simon J. , Bendelow Gillian A.
Published: March 2007

Located within the context of recent debates about the body as both a material and socially constructed entity, this article takes up these corporeal issues through a focus on children’s images and depictions of cancer. Key themes here include monstrous/demonic bodies, dys-figured/absent bodies, the combustible body, pathological bodies and mortal bodies. Under-pinning these representations, it is suggested, is a view of the primordial body as a ‘recalcitrant’, ‘transgressive’ entity; something with a ‘will of its own’ which, despite our best efforts, can go horribly wrong. A focus on issues of corporeal transgression, therefore, throws into critical relief the relationship between the material and the cultural, the physical and the social, the rational and the emotional. Explorations of malignant bodies, however culturally constituted, lie at the heart of this dialectic. The article concludes with a series of reflections on these issues, including the notion of children as active agents, the relationship between lay and scientific knowledge, and a view of the material body which is not only shaped by social relations, but enters into their very construction and transgression, as both a resource and constraint, a limit and opportunity.
Talking about Cigarettes: Conversational Narratives of Health and Illness
Authors: Laurier Eric
Published: March 2007

In this article an argument is put forward that narratives of health and illness that are drawn from conversational rather than textual sources require a particular type of analysis. In common with other research on talk, it is argued that conversational narration is a joint activity and that the form and context of its telling can tell us as much about lay understandings of health as can the content of its stories. Analyses of narratives co-told during an interview are presented to consider how narration is used to rehearse plausible and implausible past, current and future actions and to bring off an entitlement to an unhealthy habit. The empirical material is drawn from a single interview selected from a collection of interviews on the subject of smoking. Only one interview is drawn upon to allow the narrative rather than the semiotic structurings of the material to be represented and analysed in depth.
From Suet Pudding to Superhero: Representations of Men’s Health for Women
Authors: Lyons Antonia C. , Willott Sara
Published: March 2007

Men’s health has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, both in the media and in academic literature. In February 1998 a British Sunday newspaper, The Mail on Sunday, ran a three-week special feature on ‘A woman’s guide to men’s health’. Linguistic representations of health in popular media are revealing of social concerns regarding both the control of health and health care, therefore we critically analysed these texts using post-structuralist, discourse analytic techniques. Men’s health was constructed as ‘in crisis’ and men tended to be aligned with culture (and work) and women with nature (and health). Paradoxically, certain traditional gender dichotomies were both challenged and reinforced within the texts. However, within the five patterns of discourse we identified (men’s health in crisis, woman as nature/man as culture, the risk-taking superhero, man as infant and health for productivity), women’s current position in society was negatively portrayed and functioned to persuade women that it is in their interests to be responsible for men’s health, although without taking overt control. We conclude that the main representations of men’s health for women in this series reinforce unequal social relations which does little to benefit women or men.
Coming, Coming, Gone: A Feminist Deconstruction of Heterosexual Orgasm
Authors: Potts Annie
Published: March 2007

This article presents a feminist discursive analysis of orgasm, focusing on the transcripts from discussions with women and men in Aotearoa/New Zealand regarding the meanings that attach to (hetero) sexual health. Certain aspects of deconstructive theory lie behind the approach used to read the transcript material. In the first place, as Derrida (1981) has pointed out, ` “everyday language” is not innocent or neutral' (p. 19); rather, it is laden with assumptions and investments that may not be immediately apparent. This textual analysis is thus principally concerned with examining one of the habitual structures underlying Western thought and language - the distinction between presence and absence - and with examining how this binary pairing produces, and is produced by, the `common-sense' attitudes to sex within the `everyday language' of the participants. Examining the functioning of notions of presence and absence reveals some of the paradoxes inherent in contemporary ideas about orgasm; for example, the notion that orgasm offers a transcendental experience (a meeting with one's `true' self) at the same time as it involves a loss or absence of `self'. Finally, it is suggested that the deconstructive properties of `desire' have the potential to challenge the conventional place of orgasm as the ultimate (or only) measure of healthy heterosex.
Migration, the Family and the Transformation of a Sexual Culture
Authors: Runganga Agnes O. , Aggleton Peter
Published: March 2007

This paper describes findings from a study of factors affecting sexual beliefs and behaviour among young people in Zimbabwe. The study, which involves a contextual analysis of sexual beliefs, meanings and cultures, was conducted as part of a multi-site research programme funded by the World Health Organisation's (then) Global Programme on AIDS. Data were collected through historical research, community observation, group interviews and in-depth individual interviews at a rural growth point outside Harare; it being hypothesized that migration and rapid social change may have important consequences for the sexual expectations and experiences of young people. Findings from the study suggest that changes in family structure, child-rearing practices and migration affect the ways young people learn about sex and develop sexual expectations and scripts. `Traditional' cultural values and practices have largely been superseded by elements of a more modern sexual culture in which for boys an emphasis on seduction and sexual conquest is predominant, and in which for girls sexual commitment is increasingly linked to the receipt of money and goods. This transformation poses major challenges for efforts to promote sexual and reproductive health among young people.
Re-Imagining Aboriginality: An Indigenous Peoples’Response to Social Suffering
Authors: Adelson Naomi
Published: March 2007

In this ethnographic study of the Cree, a Canadian indigenous people, I explore the ‘pain of being Aboriginal’ as a particular form of social suffering. I then describe a particular event, a Native Gathering, which serves, in part, as a form of response to social suffering. For the people of Whapmagoostui, Quebec (Canada), the annual summer Gathering has become a time and a place to examine what it means to be Cree, a conscious and imaginative process that is constituted and enacted within the broader social and political reality.
Psychiatry, Post-Apartheid Integration and the Neglected Role of Language in South African Institutional Contexts
Authors: Drennan Gerard
Published: March 2007

This study examined the use of interpreters with patients who are speakers of African languages at a recently integrated psychiatric institution in post-apartheid South Africa. The research process itself reflected important aspects of the institutional dynamics around the issues of language and ethnicity. The impact of inadequate language resources on service provision was profound. Interpreters have a role in alleviating the difficulties described, but routine organizational strategies for managing speakers of African languages are powerful obstacles to change. Complex institutional and societal discourses to do with race, identity, community, alienation and the practice of public psychiatry constellate around the language issue. Without sufficient recognition of the centrality of language in service provision, integration and institutional transformation will be impeded.
Young people's feelings about drug use: a cause for reassurance or panic?
Authors: Wibberley Christopher
Published: March 2007

■ Much is known about patterns of drug use by young people, but little about young people's feelings about such use

■ The study aimed to explore the feelings that young people themselves express, about the use of illegal drugs

■ Documentation of these feelings is important - to aid development of initiatives relating to both primary and secondary prevention among young people

■ Qualitative data were collected through a series of focus groups with young people aged 14-16

■ The findings suggest that there is a general acceptance of soft drug use by young people, alongside a degree of fatalism in accepting such use

■ Familiarisation with drugs appeared to be an important factor in shaping young people's views of drugs, along with a belief that individuals have the right to choose about using drugs themselves
Improving the quality of child protection work in an acute trust
Authors: Valentine Fay
Published: March 2007

■ Child protection and welfare is an important and integral component of any hospital that provides services for children

■ Within an acute Trust child protection work can consist of a preventive, protection and post protection role

■ Trusts must ensure effective structures, networks and procedures are in place

■ Audit of practice is vital to ensure that quality child protection work occurs
Nutrition knowledge in paediatric intensive care
Authors: Taylor Rachel M , Baker Alistair
Published: March 2007

■ There are three categories (including 18 key areas) related to nutrition outlined in the Health of the Nation strategy

■ Paediatrics and intensive care were areas where knowledge of nutrition was regarded as important

■ The pilot questionnaire reflects knowledge levels in the study unit; further refinement of the tool would be necessary for future studies

■ The nutrition knowledge among nursing staff was less than shown in other studies

■ The study highlighted an urgent need for nutrition education among the nursing staff in the unit.
Review : The New NHS: the changes, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Warne Tony
Published: March 2007

■ The competition based market system is to be disbanded and will be replaced by more alliances, partnerships and collaborative working practices
Digitopians
Authors: Lewis Jeff
Published: March 2007

In their search for an alternative politics, a number of cultural theorists have turned towards computers and digitized communication. A new utopianism (digitopia) is forming around the potential of networked computers to enhance human communication and culture. In particular, theorists influenced by poststructural and postmodernist ideas have argued that computer mediated communication will transform subjectivity, community and democratic politics. The limits of these theories can be measured against alternative notions of transculturalism and the politics of doom.
Britain, England and Europe
Authors: Kumar Krishan
Published: March 2007

`Europe' and national identity are not necessarily in conflict, as the examples of Spain, Greece, Germany and Italy in their different ways suggest. The same may be true of some of the constituent nations of the British Isles - the Scots, the Irish (North and South), and the Welsh. Europe however poses a particular problem for the English, for longstanding political and cultural reasons. This article explores the different relations of the different parts of the United Kingdom to an increasingly unified Europe. It suggests that, just as there have been many `Europes', so there have been many different ways of relating to it, depending on particular historical and political circumstances. Of all the people of the United Kingdom it is the English who have the greatest difficulty in coming to terms with a future in Europe.
The Pragmatic Nature of the So-Called Subject Marker Ga in Japanese: Evidence from Conversation
Authors: ONO TSUYOSHI , THOMPSON SANDRA A. , SUZUKI RYOKO
Published: March 2007

Since the inception of modern approaches to grammar, Japanese ga has been treated as a marker indicating the grammatical relation `subject.' If this is an accurate characterization of ga, then we would expect ga to occur to mark a grammatical category consisting of `A' (transitive subject) and `S' (intransitive subject) (Comrie, 1978; Dixon, 1979). Our examination of the contexts in which ga is actually used in everyday Japanese conversations shows that this expectation is not borne out. Our findings suggest that it is not appropriate to describe ga in terms of a grammatical relation such as `subject', and that ga may be much less a grammatical marker than a discourse-pragmatic one.
Veke'ilu Haragláyim Sh'xa Nitka'ot Bifním Kaze (`and Like Your Feet Get Stuck Inside Like'): Hebrew Kaze (`Like'), Ke'ilu (`Like'), and the Decline of Israeli Dugri (`Direct') Speech
Authors: MASCHLER YAEL
Published: March 2007

This study investigates employment of two elements having a lexical source involving comparison ( k(e)-, `like') which have greatly proliferated over the last decade or so in Israel, Hebrew Kaze (`like', lit.`like this') and ke'ilu (`like', lit. `as if'). Here I focus particularly on kaze and compare it to ke'ilu, which was investigated at length in Maschler (in press b). The data come from audio-recordings of casual conversations of college-educated Israelis with their friends and relatives. A qualitative analysis of talk-in-interaction reveals three functions for kaze: comparative demonstrative, hedge and quotative. A quantitative perspective on the distribution of these functions is presented, and these qualitative and quantitative analyses lead to an examination of the functional itinerary of this word in Hebrew. The recent proliferation of kaze and ke'ilu in Israeli Hebrew discourse is then tied to the change from a culture in which dugri speech (directness, `straight talk') is central (Katriel, 1986) to one in which this speaking style is in decline (Katriel, 1999, forthcoming).
Joining the EU?
Authors: Christin Thomas , Trechsel Alexander H.
Published: March 2007

Our model suggests that national political, economic and cultural dimensions have to be taken into account when explaining support for European Union (EU) membership among the Swiss electorate. Using data from the first Eurobarometer survey in Switzerland (1999), we empirically test our model using structural equation modelling. We find that institutional attachment and `image' of neighbouring countries are strongly linked to the perception of threat to national interests, which in turn is a strong predictor of support for joining the EU. We also show that national identity, attachment to neutrality, as well as perceived economic gain or loss from EU membership are directly linked to attitudes towards EU membership.
`Doin' the Hustle'
Authors: Venkatesh Sudhir
Published: March 2007

My own recently completed ethnographic study of a poor public housing development in Chicago provides the empirical frame for an examination of the social production of the ethnographer from the informants' point of view. I argue that reconstructing the informants' point of view - in this case their perceptions of the fieldworker as, variously, academic hustler, `nigger just like us' and `Arab' - can aid the researcher in determining patterns of structure and meaning among the individual, group, and/or community under study. This article reflects on informants' construction of my subsumption within a field of social relations in which the `hustle' was a dominant organizing principle.
Evidence-Based Policy Making?
Authors: DUKE KAREN
Published: March 2007

This article is concerned with the role of evidence, research and knowledge in the recognition, definition and framing of drugs issues in prisons and in the development, implementation and reformulation of policy. As the drugs issue in prison has become more politicized and policies have become more explicit and defined over time, research and evidence have become increasingly important dimensions within the policy process. Drawing on semistructured interviews with key policy players and an analysis of documentary materials, this article examines research utilization in the development of contemporary prison drugs policy since 1980, situating this process within its political, economic and social contexts. In order to make sense of the interplay between research and policy in this area, the analysis employs the various models of research utilization put forward by Carol Weiss (Weiss, 1986). Within the current context of increasing managerialism and new commitments to evidence-based policy making, the article concludes by suggesting that researchers should become more active agents at all stages of the policy process.
An Aesthetic of Prevention
Authors: HALSEY MARK JOHN
Published: March 2007

The aim of this article is to problematize a recent crime prevention initiative of the Australian Federal Government. Through an exploration of the relationship between `audience' and `text', it is argued that the object of the program was not — indeed could not be — crime nor its prevention but rather the production of an aesthetic of transgression and victimhood. Techniques for achieving this aesthetic are discussed as is the relationship between criminology and the kinds of texts that often underpin crime prevention strategies.
Evaluating a Forensic Service for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Fish Rebecca , Lobley John
Published: March 2007

This article reports on an evaluation of a new type of forensic learning disability service that is community based. Two evaluative approaches were used to identify, if any, the differences between reported quality of life experienced at a medium secure unit located in a large institutional setting with a community based one. A quality of life (QOL) questionnaire was administered pre-and post-move to all residents. The results from the quantitative aspect of this study indicated little change in QOL scores over time. Residents were also interviewed informally after their move as part of the evaluation. The interviews revealed many differences in people's lives since the move. Some of the reported strengths were: more frequent family and community contact, quality of house facilities, staff and atmosphere. Weaknesses included: restrictions on free time, lack of contact with people at the previous institution and a relatively limited range of activities. This information will contribute to the ongoing development of this new community based service, and will contribute to future planning of similar services. The authors stress the importance of subjective, qualitative accounts in service evaluation.
The Baseball Draft
Authors: Spurr Stephen J.
Published: March 2007

This article provides an analysis of the baseball draft. The objective is to determine whether the ability to recognize talent, that is, a player who will reach the major leagues, varies with the position of the player across different baseball clubs or with the level of schooling attoined by the player when he is drafted. The data set is a choice-based sample, and the author uses econometric techniques specifically developed for such samples. It is found that in the long term, there is no statistically significant difference between clubs in terms of their ability to find major league prospects. Also, the value of one attribute, namely college experience, was underestimated by the market for a substantial period of time. Eventually, however, the value of college experience was assimilated by the market.
Health Care Errors: A Perspective on the Problem
Authors: Wolfe Amber , Oh Jessica
Published: March 2007

This article examines the report of the Institute of Medicine “To Err Is Human—Building a Safer Health System,” and investigates possible solutions to the problem. Health care errors are addressed as a reflection of system flaws rather than individual provider weaknesses. Response to the report is discussed including specific proposed legislative remedies.
OASIS Explained
Authors: Anderson Patsy , Mignor Deolinda
Published: March 2007

The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), which was developed by the Health Care Financing Administration, was implemented for use by home health agencies on all patients who are Medicare beneficiaries. In spite of its 1999 implementation, many nurses do not understand or know what OASIS is about. Dr. Patsy Anderson, a nursing expert in home health nursing and the home health industry and a homecare surveyor for the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, shared her views and explanation of OASIS during an interview conducted in May 2000.
Nursing Facility Staffing Policy: A Case Study for Political Change
Authors: Harrington Charlene
Published: March 2007

After a decade of consumer advocacy, nursing facility staffing became a national political issue in the fall of 2000 when President Clinton and three senators made proposals to set minimum staffing standards for nursing facilities and to spend $1 billion in federal funds to improve nurse staffing levels. The federal standards for nurse staffing have been identified as being too low to ensure minimum quality of care in nursing facilities and recommendations have been made to set new minimum federal standards. The question is, What minimum standards should be set and how should these standards be monitored and enforced by federal and state governments? As these issues are debated, a new Congress and new president may raise questions about these staffing proposals and may be concerned about the potential cost to government. Although remarkable progress has been made in raising the staffing issues, hard work remains before public policy changes can be made.
The Quest for Self-Sustainability: Nurse-Managed Health Centers Meeting the Policy Challenge
Authors: Hansen-Turton Tine , Kinsey Katherine
Published: March 2007

This article describes an evolving nurse-managed health center model that works, outlines challenges to this model, and recognizes the necessity of activism and public policy change to move this model forward in the 21st century.
The Critical Slit Length of Pressurized Coated Fabric Cylinders
Authors: Topping A.D.
Published: March 2007

Four different theories predicting the burst strength of longitudinally slit pressurized fabric cylinders are compared with tests of warp cylinders having various diameters and lengths, containing slits of various lengths and widths. The fabric used was a neoprene-coated Dacron polyester with a warp strength of about 150 lb/inch. An equation requiring three empirical constants, derived from Griffith's theory of rupture, fits the data very well. Other less empirical equations fit less well. An elastic theory of Hedgepeth's for a small number of cut threads is extended to long shts, but is too conservative.