bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Findings in Genetic and Enzymatic Analysis of Newborn Screening-Positive Subjects Based on Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hara Keiichi , Tajima Go , Okada Satoshi , Sakura Nobuo
Published: February 2017

Beginning 2014, all newborns living in Japan will have newborn screening
(NBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We participated in a pilot study for
this new NBS initiative and provided diagnoses in cooperation with Hiroshima
University and other facilities. Here, we introduce the information that we obtained.
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), ACADM mutations
found among Japanese patients are quite different from those of Caucasian patients. We
estimated MCAD activities of 11 mutants found among Japanese patients and
positively screened babies using molecular genetics methods. Some mutations were
destructive, but others found by NBS maintained activities to a certain degree.
Regarding methylmalonic academia (MMA), we found the first Japanese patient with
isolated methylmalonic acidemia caused by a cblD defect. Unfortunately, he was
negative in the NBS and developed acute metabolic decompensation during an acute
illness. We found MMADHC mutation heterozygously in this patient. Through our
study, we offered reliable data for most of the positively screened newborns and their
family members through our original enzymatic assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We also obtained beneficial information from these investigations.
In order to raise the quality of the newly introducing MS/MS-NBS system in Japan, it
is essential to achieve accurate diagnosis through a combination of enzymatic and
genetic evaluation.
Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake: Medical Aid Activities by National Hospital Organization
Authors: Umeda Tamami
Published: February 2017

Japan's National Hospital Organization (NHO), a Designated Public
Corporation specified in the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act, promptly responded
to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake by mobilizing medical teams from NHO
hospitals nationwide. This report describes the activities conducted by NHO and
lessons learnt for better preparedness and response in the future.
Infection Control Program for MRSA in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Miyagatani Yasusuke , Murao Masaki , Ishitani Kajie , Senjyo Chieko
Published: February 2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is causing
increased morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Its presence causes
several challenges in implementing infection control measures. This study determined
the incidence of MRSA acquisition in the ICUs and evaluated interventions to reduce
the rate of MRSA acquisition.

A prospective study was conducted from April 2004 to March 2013 in the ICUs of our
hospital that is a district teaching hospital in Japan. Patients were screened for MRSA
with their sputa, nose or throat swabs on admission. MRSA acquisition was defined
when negative on admission screening and positive after admission in hospital. The
MRSA control program consisted of four practices: 1) frequent oral care with brushing
from April 2006, 2) the use of a closed suction system for all patients receiving
mechanical ventilation from December 2006, 3) reinforcement of standard precautions
for patient contact, with emphasis on hand hygiene, by the supervisory nurse from
August 2007, and 4) cleaning equipment and environment with alcohol swab from
September 2007.

Of the 9,401 patients examined, 570 (6.06%; 2.9%-9.65%/year) had MRSA on
admission. MRSA acquisition rates in the ICU per 1,000 MRSA-negative patients decreased significantly from 28.56 in the three years before the interventions to 14.01
in the 6 years after the interventions (p<0.05).

Although MRSA infection in ICUs has continued, we succeeded in decreasing MRSA
acquisition in the ICUs by routine long-term MRSA screening on admission and a
MRSA control program.
Prospective Study of the Treatment of Biotin in Patients with Drug Erythema due to Gefitinib or Erlotinib
Authors: Ogawa Yoshikazu , Kiba Takayoshi , Nakano Kikuo , Kajiume Sayoko , Okada Yuko , Ichiba Yasunori
Published: February 2017

Gefitinib and erlotinib, which are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have been used for the treatment of inoperable and
recurrent non-small cell lung cancer patients. A major side effect of these drugs is skin
rash, which occurs at a high frequency. Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that belongs to
the vitamin B family; biotin deficiency increases the risk of skin dermatitis. We
recently reported that biotin was administered to four patients with skin rash, all of
whom were treated with either gefitinib or erlotinib and were unable to be treated by a
steroid ointment alone. Biotin may be considered useful in the treatment of skin rash
caused by EGFR-TKIs. The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness of biotin in
patients with erythema because of gefitinib and erlotinib.
Talking about Life Expectancy with Our Cancer Patients Considering Palliative Chemotherapy
Authors: Nakano Kikuo
Published: February 2017

When making decisions about palliative chemotherapy, patients require
information on how the cancer and its treatment will affect their life expectancy. To
properly communicate this information, truthful and honest conversations about a
patients’ prognosis and the goals of treatment are essential, because any
misunderstanding about the intent of treatment may lead to requests for ineffective or
futile treatment. However, these conversations are inherently difficult due to a low
confidence in an oncologist’s ability to prognosticate accurately and fear of destroying
hope or provoking emotional distress. There are few studies or guidelines for
oncologists in estimating and explaining life expectancy in a way that conveys meaning
without destroying hope. A recent study has demonstrated that providing estimates for
worst-case, typical and best-case scenarios for survival are a helpful way of
communicating life expectancy while conveying hope, and that the percentiles from an
overall survival curve in first-line chemotherapy trials for advanced non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) can provide accurate estimates of the three scenarios. Furthermore,
the initiation of establishment of illness understanding and discussing patients’ goals
for treatments of metastatic NSCLC earlier in the course provides a more accurate
assessment of their prognosis, depression and survival. Additionally, decision aids
(DAs) in the setting of advanced colorectal cancer and palliative chemotherapy has
shown that the use of DAs improved patient understanding of prognosis, treatment
options, risks, and benefits without increasing anxiety. This review explores
communication issues when talking about life expectancy with our cancer patients
participating in palliative chemotherapy.
What are Clinical Studies?
Authors: Kiba Takayoshi
Published: February 2017

A clinical study, clinical trial, and clinical protocol are all concerned with a
similar question. How does a new treatment affect patients?

Thru clinical studies, clinical researchers find new and better methods to address
illnesses. A clinical trial protocol is used to manage a trial that is prepared by
specialists. All clinical researchers are expected to strictly follow the protocol.

The aim of this review is to describe the Phase I, II, and III studies, and translational
research for cancer tumors.
Eosinophilic Pancreatitis with Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Tanemura Masahiro , Irei Toshimitsu , Hatanaka Nobutaka , Matsuzaka Yuki , Kuraoka Kazuya
Published: February 2017

Eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) is a rare disease characterized by eosinophilic
infiltration of pancreatic parenchyma. Although the etiology of EP is not fully
understood, there may be some allergic mechanisms related to the disease. Here we
report on an EP patient with psoriasis vulgaris.

A 47-year-old man was admitted with cardiac space pain and a feeling of abdominal
compression. He had a history of psoriasis vulgaris treated with steroid ointment for the
past 30 years. Laboratory findings revealed elevated serum titers amylase. An
abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showed a cystic lesion 45 mm in diameter
localized in the pancreatic tail. He was diagnosed with pancreatic pseudocyst and
conservative medical treatment was initiated with antimicrobial drugs and gabexate
mesilate. Whenever meals were taken, pancreatitis aggravation returned. Eosinophilic
leukocytosis occurred during steroid administration. Pseudoaneurysm in the splenic
artery solution part occurred and a splenic artery embolism was performed in
interventinal radiology. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy. The operation
specimen revealed eosinophilic infiltration.

Despite the unusual occurrence of EP, it should be considered in the differential
diagnosis of patients with allergic disease or with an eosinophillia group presenting
pancreatitis. In such cases, EUS-FNA or laparoscopic biopsy should be mandatory to avoid unnecessary surgical operation.
Acute Renal Failure Due to Ethylene Glycol Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Osaki Yosuke , Urabe Asako , Takahashi Shunsuke
Published: February 2017

Acute renal failure caused by ingestion of ethylene glycol during a suicide
attempt is rare. In this case report, a Japanese man ingested ethylene glycol in a suicide
attempt and was transported to our hospital. He complained of severe nausea and blood
tests revealed metabolic acidosis, and elevated white blood cell count, creatinine and
BUN levels. Hemodialysis was implemented four hours after the ethylene glycol was
ingested, and urine volume increased to 1,500 mL/day on the ninth day after admission.
Creatinine clearance, however, did not improve. A renal biopsy performed on the 45th
day revealed numerous collapsed glomerulus, cortical infarction, and swelling of the
renal tubular epithelial cells. Hemodialysis has been recommended for the treatment of
ethylene glycol poisoning in the presence of severe metabolic acidosis that is
unresponsive to therapy.
Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast with Necrosis Due to An Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Saito Akihisa , Kuraoka Kazuya , Taniyama Daiki , Nishimura Toshinao , Ozaki Shinji , Taniyama Kiyomi
Published: February 2017

An infarcted intraductal breast tumor was excised from a woman in her 60s.
The tumor was reduced in size from 15 x 8 mm to 6 x 6 mm one month after the fine
needle aspiration biopsy. The necrosis was considered to be caused by an infarction and
an immunohistohemical analysis revealed positive immunoreactivity of smooth muscle
actin of myoepithelial cells that indicated a two-cell layer of tumor cells in the necrosis.
Although this necrotic tumor was diagnosed as an infarcted intraductal papilloma by
histological examination, its diagnosis was more difficult as it showed partial necrosis
by cytological examination alone.
Internal Coil Trapping of a Ruptured PICAInvolved- Type Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Ohba Hideo , Ohba Shinji , Ito Yoko , Oshita Jumpei , Yonezawa Koki , Hosogai Masahiro
Published: February 2017

Postoperative medullary infarctions have been reported as a poor prognostic
factor after internal coil trapping of a ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm
(VA-DA). We succeeded in treating a ruptured VA-DA involving the origin of the
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) without critical medullary infarctions. We
discuss the reasons why we were able to avoid critical medullary infarctions in this case
report.

A 42-year-old Japanese man presented with a sudden onset of left sided headache. He
also reported a history of neck pain suddenly occurring two days prior while playing
the drum. He had a re-ruptured left VA-DA involving PICA. The re-ruptured VA-DA
was initially treated by endovascular bleeding point coil embolization. Dejerine
syndrome occurred as a complication of the initial treatment. The neurological
symptoms were temporary and the patient made a recovery from the syndrome within a
week. MRA revealed recanalization on day 16, and re-bleeding from the ruptured VADA
was identified on CT scanning on day 20, which was treated by endovascular
proximal coil embolization. Postoperative infarction was noted only in the small area of
the left cerebellum. The patient showed marked improvement. On one-year follow-up,
the patient remains in good clinical condition (Score 1 on modified Rankin scale).

The bleeding point coil embolization and proximal coil embolization were not
performed simultaneously in this case. Decreasing the length of the coil embolization
could save the perforating branches.
An Approach for More Effective Detection of Clostridium Difficile in Patients
Authors: Tadera Kayoko , Takashiro Yasushi , Shimohana Junichi , Nakano Hideki , Onoe Takashi , Taniyama Kiyomi
Published: February 2017

Stool samples from 432 patients with suspected for Clostridium difficile
(CD) infection were tested with the novel kit, COMPLETE, which was evaluated for
the efficacy in detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and cultures were then reevaluated
to determine necessity.

CD positive samples by culture and GDH positive samples by COMPLETE were 71
(16.4%) and 80 (18.5%) of 432 samples, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of
COMPLETE for detection of GDH were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. The toxin
types of 71 samples were toxin A+B+ in 45, toxin A-B+ in 21, and toxin A-B- in five.
In comparison, the toxin types of 44 samples whose toxin was detected by
COMPLETE were toxin A+B+ in 31, and toxin A-B+ in 13. The sensitivity and
specificity of COMPLETE for detection of toxin were 66.7% and 100%, respectively.

The combined use of COMPLETE and culture of suspicious CDI samples is beneficial
for prompt detection of CD.
Los estudios sobre la zona metropolitana del valle de Toluca: Aproximaciones estructurales y centradas en los actores
Authors: Arteaga Botello Nelson
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza la investigación realizada en el espacio metropolitano de la ciudad de Toluca, a partir de las distintas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales. Prueba la preeminencia de los estudios que acentúan las aproximaciones estructurales con respecto a los centrados en los actores. Más que un estado de la cuestión, busca mostrar la desigualdad en el desarrollo de las perspectivas de análisis, con el fin de destacar la necesidad de superarlas en la producción del conocimiento. El presente documento propone explorar una articulación de los estudios inclinados por un enfoque específico, con las aproximaciones estructurales y centradas en los actores, puesto que ellas siguen siendo básicas para un tipo de análisis urbano y regional. Esto permitirá visualizar la conformación del espacio metropolitano de Toluca, desde otra perspectiva.
Diversificación institucional y educación superior en Baja California en 2000
Authors: Moctezuma Hernández Patricia
Published: February 2017

Este artículo aborda la diversificación del Sistema Estatal de Educación Superior (SEES) de Baja California, según la especialización económica regional existente y el proceso histórico de su conformación. El estudio concluye que la percepción de los usuarios sobre la educación superior es obra más bien de los esfuerzos individuales de las instituciones, que de la coordinación estatal, debido a que la opinión de los distintos actores sobre la definición de la política gubernamental es limitada. Para llegar a esta conclusión, se efectuó una evaluación del SEES mediante una encuesta a estudiantes, y entrevistas a rectores y directores de las diferentes instituciones de educación superior (IES), de la entidad, durante el primer trimestre de 2000. Los criterios utilizados fueron la equidad y calidad.
Segregación socioespacial en ciudades turísticas, el caso de Puerto Vallarta, México
Authors: Pérez-Campuzano Enrique
Published: February 2017

La diferenciación socioespacial es una característica de las ciudades turísticas, pero ha sido poco estudiada. Este trabajo analiza los patrones de diferenciación socioespacial de Puerto Vallarta, México, mediante varios índices de segregación espacial y uno de diversidad. Según los resultados, hay una segregación importante en la dotación de infraestructura hidráulica y drenaje. Por ello, el gobierno debería trabajar más para disminuir las diferencias sociales y espaciales en este tipo de poblaciones.
Trayectoria de vida y formas de acceso al poder de catorce presidentas municipales de Tlaxcala, 1992-2010
Authors: Vázquez García Verónica , Chávez Arellano María Eugenia
Published: February 2017

Diversos estudios sobre participación femenina en política municipal han identificado los factores principales que facilitan el acceso de las mujeres al poder, aunque aún falta determinar el peso de cada uno. Este trabajo pondera dichos factores, a partir de la experiencia de 14 presidentas municipales que han gobernado durante dos décadas en el estado de Tlaxcala, y detecta los cambios siguientes: a) las de los últimos trienios llegan más jóvenes al cargo; b) su origen social es más diverso y sus profesiones más variadas y c) ya han desempeñado cargos administrativos. La conclusión es que la oferta creciente de opciones educativas y empleos para las mujeres, así como la alternancia política y aplicación de cuotas de género en la normativa electoral contribuyen a la equidad de género en el acceso al poder municipal en la entidad.
Knowledge management perceptions in two municipal units
Authors: Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni
Published: February 2017

Few researchers have studied the perceptions of employees about knowledge management and processes for converting tacit into explicit knowledge within the public service, especially in local government. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about, and insight into, employees’ perceptions about the factors that contribute to strategies for managing knowledge, knowledge management processes to convert tacit into explicit knowledge, as well as their views regarding the implementation of knowledge management strategies, and their perceptions about the ways in which knowledge management can contribute to organizational effectiveness and efficiency in their workplace. The census approach was used and data was collected using questionnaires which were administered to 80 employees of eThekwini Municipality, of which 66 questionnaires were suitably completed. Results of the article indicate that there exist significant relationships amongst the key variables of the study relating to knowledge management, and that each of the areas of knowledge management studied needs improvement.
Antimicrobial activity of Micrococcus luteus Cartenoid pigment
Authors: Majeed Huda Z.
Published: February 2017

Cartenoids are group of pigments ,with enormous  types different structurally and functionally, have colors range from red to yellow found in a wide variety of plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. The animals took from food because they cannot made it, on  contrary, the plants and microbes produce them due to subjection to environment. The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the cartenoid pigment from Micrococcus luteus. The pigment extraction was done by acetone, then was characterized with Ultra Violet –Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, it was tested for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial isolates and antifungal activity tests against six different fungal isolates by well diffusion method. The results found that, the extracted pigment having antibacterial activity and antifungal activity and having the ability to absorb UVA rays within the range of 300-500 nm. There were no significant difference in antimicrobial effect of pigment , even when the extraction and isolation were done by two culture medium (Nutrient Broth and Luria Bertani Broth). There were considerable inhibition percentages of adhesion after subjection to Cartenoid pigment ranged between (5.71, 23.84) % for Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively and all the 11 isolate changed from Biofilm producer to non-producer. The isolated compound can be used against different bacterial and fungal infections. So they had a great future in medicine, cosmetics and as a sun protecting agent.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK INTEGRATIF UNTUK SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Diputra Komang Sujendra
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil perancangan multimedia pembelajaran tematik Kurikulum 2013 untuk siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas IV yang berkualitas dan siap untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen penilaian pakar media pembelajaran, pakar desain multimedia, dan pakar pembelajaran tematik. Multimedia diujicobakan secara perorangan dan kelompok kecil untuk memperoleh respon user. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penilaian oleh pakar media pembelajaran, pakar desain multimedia, dan pakar pembelajaran tematik, menunjukkan bahwa multimedia yang dikembangkan sudah berkualifikasi baik. Hasil uji perorangan yang dilakukan oleh Guru Kelas IV SD Laboratorium Undiksha menunjukkan bahwa multimedia berkualifikasi sangat baik, dan hasil uji kelompok kecil diperoleh bahwa multimedia berkualifikasi baik. Hal itu berarti multimedia yang dikembangkan sudah siap untuk digunakan secara publik
EVALUASI PROGRAM SERTIFIKASI KOMPUTER PADA UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL CSE-UCLA
Authors: Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra , Sugiharni Gusti Ayu Dessy
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelaksanaan program sertifikasi komputer pada Universitas Teknologi Indonesia. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian evaluatif dengan menggunakan  model CSE-UCLA yang terdiri dari komponen system assesment, program planning, program implementation, program improvement dan program certification. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari: kepala laboratorium, tim pengelola sertifikasi, dan mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menganalisis persentase tingkat efektivitas tiap-tiap komponen dalam model CSE-UCLA dan deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis kendala-kendala yang menyebabkan hasil evaluasi tidak sesuai dengan standar keberhasilannya. Hasil evaluasi program sertifikasi komputer pada Universitas Teknologi Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat efektivitas pelaksanaan program pada komponen system assesment sebesar 84,73%, program planning sebesar 83,87%, program implementation sebesar 85,24%, program improvement sebesar 84,17%, dan program certification sebesar 84,75%. Dengan melihat rata-rata hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan program sertifikasi komputer pada Universitas Teknologi Indonesia secara keseluruhan yaitu sebesar 84,55% maka tingkat efektivitas pelaksanaan program tergolong kategori baik.
El Caso Claude Reyes y el derecho de acceso a la información
Authors: Castro Vizcarra Luis Carlos , Sánchez Sánchez Alejandro
Published: February 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es comprobar si el Derecho de Acceso a la Información es un derecho humano, para lo cual se dan las definiciones de derechos humanos y derecho de acceso a la información pública, y a la vez se toma en cuenta la opinión de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, jurisprudencia válida en nuestro sistema jurídico. El caso más importante que se encontró es el de Claude Reyes vs Chile, parte central de esta investigación, donde se estableció que el derecho de acceso a la información es un derecho humano por sí solo. En consecuencia, la Corte Interamericana fue el primer organismo internacional en reconocerlo en una sentencia.
Mathematical Study of Temperature Distribution in Human Dermal Part during Physical Exercises
Authors: Gurung Dil Bahadur , Shrestha Dev Chandra
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to model metabolic rate that governs the behavior exhibited by various exercises over the period. This model equation is used in one dimensional Pennes’ bio-heat equation to study the temperature distribution in dermal part of tissue layers due to various exercises. The appropriate Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are used. The solution of the bio-heat equation is then obtained using FEM technique and the simulated results are presented graphically. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 63-76
Frode Helland, Ibsen in Practice: Relational Readings of Performance, Cultural Encounters and Power
Authors: Durbach Errol
Published: February 2017

Frode Helland examines a series of Ibsen productions in Germany, Iran, China, Chile, and Zimbabwe, with the intention of demonstrating how changing political and cultural dispensations determine the context for directors’ use or misuse of the original text.
Douglas A. Jones, Jr., The Captive Stage: Performance and the Proslavery Imagination of the Antebellum North
Authors: Nyong’o Tavia
Published: February 2017

In this welcome new study of black and blackface performance in the early republic and antebellum North, Jones builds on a new generation of scholarship in order to deepen and qualify our understanding of the precise dilemmas faced by black freedom in a young, antiblack, slaveholding nation.
Zootopia
Authors: Andris Clio , Ruescas Juan
Published: February 2017

Zootopia, USA, 2016, produced by Clark Spencer, directed by Byron Howard
and Rich Moore, starring Ginnifer Goodwin and Jason Bateman, 1h 48m, distributed
by Walt Disney Pictures.
Prophylactic nimodipine treatment and improvement in hearing outcome after vestibular schwannoma surgery: a combined analysis of a randomized, multicenter, Phase III trial and its pilot study
Authors: Scheller Christian , Wienke Andreas , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Ramina Kristofer F. , Ganslandt Oliver , Bischoff Barbara , Zenk Johannes , Engelhorn Tobias , Matthies Cordula , Westermaier Thomas , Antoniadis Gregor , Pedro Maria Teresa , Rohde Veit , von Eckardstein Kajetan , Kretschmer Thomas , Kornhuber Malte , Steighardt Jörg , Richter Michael , Barker Fred G. , Strauss Christian
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

In clinical routines, neuroprotective strategies in neurosurgical interventions are still missing. A pilot study (n = 30) and an analogously performed Phase III trial (n = 112) pointed to a beneficial effect of prophylactic nimodipine and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Considering the small sample size, the data from both studies were pooled.

METHODS

The patients in both investigator-initiated studies were assigned to 2 groups. The treatment group (n = 70) received parenteral nimodipine (1–2 mg/hour) and HES (hematocrit 30%–35%) from the day before surgery until the 7th postoperative day. The control group (n = 72) was not treated prophylactically. Facial and cochlear nerve functions were documented preoperatively, during the inpatient care, and 1 year after surgery.

RESULTS

Pooled raw data were analyzed retrospectively. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed a significantly lower risk for hearing loss (Class D) 12 months after surgery in the treatment group compared with the control group (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.97; p = 0.04). After exclusion of patients with preoperative Class D hearing, this effect was more pronounced (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.83; p = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for tumor size showed a 4 times lower risk for hearing loss in the treatment group compared with the control group (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.63; p = 0.003). Facial nerve function was not significantly improved with treatment. Apart from dose-dependent hypotension (p < 0.001), the study medication was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS

Prophylactic nimodipine is safe and may be recommended in VS surgery to preserve hearing. Prophylactic neuroprotective treatment in surgeries in which nerves are at risk seems to be a novel and promising concept.

Clinical trial registration no.: DRKS 00000328 (https://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/)
Macroscopic Dynamic Modeling of Sequential Batch Cultures of Hybridoma Cells: An Experimental Validation
Authors: Dewasme Laurent , Côte François , Filee Patrice , Hantson Anne-Lise , Vande Wouwer Alain
Published: February 2017

Hybridoma cells are commonly grown for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). For monitoring and control purposes of the bioreactors, dynamic models of the cultures are required. However these models are difficult to infer from the usually limited amount of available experimental data and do not focus on target protein production optimization. This paper explores an experimental case study where hybridoma cells are grown in a sequential batch reactor. The simplest macroscopic reaction scheme translating the data is first derived using a maximum likelihood principal component analysis. Subsequently, nonlinear least-squares estimation is used to determine the kinetic laws. The resulting dynamic model reproduces quite satisfactorily the experimental data, as evidenced in direct and cross-validation tests. Furthermore, model predictions can also be used to predict optimal medium renewal time and composition.
Substrate Deprivation Therapy to Reduce Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis Improves Aspects of Neurological and Skeletal Pathology in MPS I Mice
Authors: Derrick-Roberts Ainslie , Jackson Matilda , Pyragius Carmen , Byers Sharon
Published: February 2017

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is the most common form of the MPS group of genetic diseases. MPS I results from a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme α-l-iduronidase, leading to accumulation of undegraded heparan and dermatan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in patient cells. MPS children suffer from multiple organ failure and die in their teens to early twenties. In particular, MPS I children also suffer from profound mental retardation and skeletal disease that restricts growth and movement. Neither brain nor skeletal disease is adequately treated by current therapy approaches. To overcome these barriers to effective therapy we have developed and tested a treatment called substrate deprivation therapy (SDT). MPS I knockout mice were treated with weekly intravenous injections of 1 mg/kg rhodamine B for six months to assess the efficacy of SDT. Mice were assessed using biochemistry, micro-CT and a battery of behaviour tests to determine the outcome of treatment. A reduction in female bodyweight gain was observed with the treatment as well as a decrease in lung GAG. Behavioural studies showed slight improvements in inverted grid and significant improvements in learning ability for female MPS I mice treated with rhodamine B. Skeletal disease also improved with a reduction in bone mineral volume observed. Overall, rhodamine B is safe to administer to MPS I knockout mice where it had an effect on improving aspects of neurological and skeletal disease symptoms and may therefore provide a potential therapy or adjunct therapy for MPS I patients.
Emulsion Flow Analysis of a Sensor Probe for Sustainable Machine Operation
Authors: Sander Sören , Glasse Benjamin , Grosche Lucas , De Paiva Jose , Guardani Roberto , Fritsching Udo
Published: February 2017

Working fluids possess several applications in manufacturing processes, for instance lubricants in metals machining. Typical metal working fluids are formulated as oil-in-water emulsions. The maintenance of the physical stability of the working fluid during operation is a key factor for the sustainability of the relevant process. Therefore, continuous control of the working fluids stability and performance during machine operation is an essential tool for maintenance of the process performance. Turbidity measurement (TM) is a process technique for emulsion stability and quality assessment, where light transmission and absorption of an emulsion system is analyzed. However, for in-process measurement and fluid quality detection during the machine operation by TM, it is necessary to implement a transmission inline sensor into the working fluid flow line. The continuous flow measurement may cause problems for long-term sensor operation regarding, e.g., biofouling of the sensor optical glasses or erroneous measurements due to emulsion droplets segregation effects. In the present investigation, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have been adapted to obtain the emulsion flow conditions within a typical TM sensor probe, thereby allowing an assessment of the adhesion probability of microorganisms as well as droplet segregation effects. The simulation results indicate some temporal changes of the dispersed phase concentration in the detected emulsion flow. Due to droplet segregation in the emulsion, the flow velocity needs to exceed a certain value for reliable operation. It is shown here that in this flow regime microbiological attachments on the probe surfaces may be sufficiently avoided. A minimum critical flow velocity is derived to avoid biomolecule adhesion and thus durable operation of the sensor.
Dialectical Multivalued Logic and Probabilistic Theory
Authors: Usó Doménech José , Nescolarde-Selva Josué , Segura-Abad Lorena
Published: February 2017

There are two probabilistic algebras: one for classical probability and the other for quantum mechanics. Naturally, it is the relation to the object that decides, as in the case of logic, which algebra is to be used. From a paraconsistent multivalued logic therefore, one can derive a probability theory, adding the correspondence between truth value and fortuity.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Pyne Nigel , Pyne Susan
Published: February 2017

The bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed S1P1-S1P5. These receptors function in, for example, the cardiovascular system to regulate vascular barrier integrity and tone, the nervous system to regulate neuronal differentiation, myelination and oligodendrocyte/glial cell survival and the immune system to regulate T- and B-cell subsets and trafficking. S1P receptors also participate in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and others. In this review, we describe how S1P1 can form a complex with G-protein and β-arrestin, which function together to regulate effector pathways. We also discuss the role of the S1P1-Platelet derived growth factor receptor β functional complex (which deploys G-protein/β-arrestin and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling) in regulating cell migration. Possible mechanisms by which different S1P-chaperones, such as Apolipoprotein M-High-Density Lipoprotein induce biological programmes in cells are also described. Finally, the role of S1P1 in health and disease and as a target for clinical intervention is appraised.
Comparison of Free Total Amino Acid Compositions and Their Functional Classifications in 13 Wild Edible Mushrooms
Authors: Sun Liping , Liu Qiuming , Bao Changjun , Fan Jian
Published: February 2017

Thirteen popular wild edible mushroom species in Yunnan Province, Boletus bicolor, Boletus speciosus, Boletus sinicus, Boletus craspedius, Boletus griseus, Boletus ornatipes, Xerocomus, Suillus placidus, Boletinus pinetorus, Tricholoma terreum, Tricholomopsis lividipileata, Termitomyces microcarpus, and Amanita hemibapha, were analyzed for their free amino acid compositions by online pre-column derivazation reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Twenty free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, praline, cysteine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, histidine, threonine, asparagines, glutamine, arginine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were determined. The total free amino acid (TAA) contents ranged from 1462.6 mg/100 g in B. craspedius to 13,106.2 mg/100 g in T. microcarpus. The different species showed distinct free amino acid profiles. The ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 0.13–0.41. All of the analyzed species showed high contents of hydrophobic amino acids, at 33%–54% of TAA. Alanine, cysteine, glutamine, and glutamic acid were among the most abundant amino acids present in all species. The results showed that the analyzed mushrooms possessed significant free amino acid contents, which may be important compounds contributing to the typical mushroom taste, nutritional value, and potent antioxidant properties of these wild edible mushrooms. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the accumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 94.39%. Cluster analysis revealed EAA composition and content might be an important parameter to separate the mushroom species, and T. microcarpus and A. hemibapha showed remarkable EAA content among the 13 species.
Prevalence of Anemia among Chinese Rural Residents
Authors: Li Min , Hu Yichun , Mao Deqian , Wang Rui , Chen Jing , Li Weidong , Yang Xiaoguang , Piao Jianhua , Yang Lichen
Published: February 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the level of blood hemoglobin and the rates of anemia in Chinese rural residents in the 2010–2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey, and the change in its prevalence in rural residents during the last ten years. Our methodology included data from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010–2012, where samples were selected through the method of probability proportion to size. The study objects were from 150 sites in provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities in China. The concentration of blood hemoglobin was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Anemia was judged by the anemia standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), combined with elevation correction standard. The level of blood hemoglobin, the prevalence of anemia, and the 95% CI (Confidence interval) value were analyzed using complex sampling weighted processing, combined with the population figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009. Our results indicate that the level of blood hemoglobin of the Chinese rural area population was 145.92 ± 0.83 g/L, with the prevalence of anemia in the Chinese rural population at 9.7% (95% CI: 9.4%-10.0%). The prevalence of anemia in children 6-11 years old was 5.5% (95% CI: 5.0%-6.0%), 8.1% (95% CI: 7.5%–8.7%) for 12–17‐year‐old teenagers, 10.0% (95% CI: 9.4%-10.6%) for 18-44‐year‐old adults, 9.6% (95% CI: 9.0%–10.1%) for 45–59‐year‐old adults, and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.9%-13.3%) for the elderly above 60 years old. Our conclusion shows that the prevalence of anemia in the Chinese rural population in 2010–2012 had obviously decreased compared to the last decade; however, women of reproductive age and the elderly still had a high prevalence of anemia.
Body Composition Evaluation Issue among Young Elite Football Players: DXA Assessment
Authors: Leão César , Simões Mário , Silva Bruno , Clemente Filipe , Bezerra Pedro , Camões Miguel
Published: February 2017

Accurate assessment of body composition is an important issue among athletes. Different methodologies generate controversial results, leading to a deep uncertainty on individual exercise prescriptions. Thus, this study aims to identify the differences between field methods, such as bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skinfold assessment, with a clinical method, highly accurate, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among elite young football players. Thirty-eight male football players with a mean (sd) age of 16.7 (0.87) years, involved in the Portuguese national competition of U16 (n = 13) and U19 (n = 25), were evaluated and objective measures of body composition, muscle strength and football skills were collected by trained specialists. Body composition was assessed using BIA (Tanita BC-418, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan), in agreement with all the evaluation premises. Additionally, all athletes were evaluated using the clinical method DXA (Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Among the U19 athletes, three skinfold sites (SKF) were assessed: chest, abdomin and thigh. The Spearman correlation coefficients and the mean difference between methods were calculated. The agreement between both methods was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. Among the evaluated athletes, lower mean values of body fat % were found using BIA as a method of body composition assessment compared with DXA (12.05 vs. 15.58 for U16; 11.97 vs. 14.16 for U19). Despite the moderate correlation between methods (r = 0.33) to estimate the percentage of total fat, the median of the difference (DXA vs. BIA) was relevant in clinical terms, with 2.90% and 1.47% for U16 and U19 athletes, respectively. Stronger correlations were found between the sum of the SKF and DXA fat estimation (r = 0.68). The Bland-Altman plots showed a clear underestimation in the evaluations using the BIA, namely among athletes with better body composition profiles (8%–12% of fat). Using BIA, an underestimation of body fat assessment was observed among 94.5% of the athletes with less than 12% body fat mass. Among the evaluated athletes, fat mass was underestimated at a median value of 2.21% using BIA in comparison with DXA. The sum of the SKF showed a stronger correlation with the reference method (DXA) (r = 0.68) than BIA.
The Byzantine Mint in Carthage and the Islamic Mint in North Africa. New Metallurgical Findings
Authors: Jonson Trent , Blet-Lemarquand Maryse , Morrisson Cécile
Published: February 2017

Cet article rassemble les résultats antérieurs d’analyses des monnaies d’or byzantines et arabo-byzantines émises à Carthage et en Ifrikiya. On y ajoute les nouvelles mesures pratiquées par LA-ICP-MS sur 25 solidi de la BnF et 92 données de poids spécifique obtenues par T. Jonson sur les monnaies de nombreuses collections publiques. Les différentes méthodes utilisées sont comparées et les changements dans la composition métallique du monnayage africain avant et après la conquête arabe sont définis et commentés. On propose enfin une interprétation possible du processus de dévaluation qui affecta les premières séries de monnaies d’or émises en Afrique du Nord de ca. 79-84/ 698-703.
Electron Heating at Kinetic Scales in Magnetosheath Turbulence
Authors: Chasapis Alexandros , Matthaeus W. H. , Parashar T. N. , LeContel O. , Retinò A. , Breuillard H. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Vaivads A. , Lavraud B. , Eriksson E. , Moore T. E. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.-A. , Ergun R. E. , Marklund G. , Goodrich K. A. , Wilder F. D. , Chutter M. , Needell J. , Rau D. , Dors I. , Russell C. T. , Le G. , Magnes W. , Strangeway R. J. , Bromund K. R. , Leinweber H. K. , Plaschke F. , Fischer D. , Anderson B. J. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Dorelli J. , Gershman D. J. , Avanov L. , Saito Y.
Published: February 2017

We present a statistical study of coherent structures at kinetic scales, using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the Earth’s magnetosheath. We implemented the multi-spacecraft partial variance of increments (PVI) technique to detect these structures, which are associated with intermittency at kinetic scales. We examine the properties of the electron heating occurring within such structures. We find that, statistically, structures with a high PVI index are regions of significant electron heating. We also focus on one such structure, a current sheet, which shows some signatures consistent with magnetic reconnection. Strong parallel electron heating coincides with whistler emissions at the edges of the current sheet.
Rotating Magnetic Structures Associated with a Quasi-circular Ribbon Flare
Authors: Li Haidong , Jiang Yunchun , Yang Jiayan , Yang Bo , Xu Zhe , Hong Junchao , Bi Yi
Published: February 2017

We present the detection of a small eruption and the associated quasi-circular ribbon flare during the emergence of a bipole occurring on 2015 February 3. Under a fan dome, a sigmoid was rooted in a single magnetic bipole, which was encircled by negative polarity. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolation shows the presence of twisted field lines, which can represent a sigmoid structure. The rotation of the magnetic bipole may cause the twisting of magnetic field lines. An initial brightening appeared at one of the footpoints of the sigmoid, where the positive polarity slides toward a nearby negative polarity field region. The sigmoid displayed an ascending motion and then interacted intensively with the spine-like field. This type of null point reconnection in corona led to a violent blowout jet, and a quasi-circular flare ribbon was also produced. The magnetic emergence and rotational motion are the main contributors to the energy buildup for the flare, while the cancellation and collision might act as a trigger.
Reddened, Redshifted, or Intrinsically Red? Understanding Near-ultraviolet Colors of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Landez Nancy J. , Milne Peter A. , Stritzinger Maximilian D.
Published: February 2017

The intrinsic colors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are important to understanding their use as cosmological standard candles. Understanding the effects of reddening and redshift on the observed colors are complicated and dependent on the intrinsic spectrum, the filter curves, and the wavelength dependence of reddening. We present ultraviolet and optical data of a growing sample of SNe Ia observed with the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope on the Swift spacecraft and use this sample to re-examine the near-UV (NUV) colors of SNe Ia. We find that a small amount of reddening (E(B − V) = 0.2 mag) could account for the difference between groups designated as NUV-blue and NUV-red, and a moderate amount of reddening (E(B − V) = 0.5 mag) could account for the whole NUV-optical differences. The reddening scenario, however, is inconsistent with the mid-UV colors and color evolution. The effect of redshift alone only accounts for part of the variation. Using a spectral template of SN2011fe, we can forward model the effects of redshift and reddening and directly compare those with the observed colors. We find that some SNe are consistent with reddened versions of SN2011fe, but most SNe Ia are much redder in the uvw1 − v color than SN2011fe reddened to the same b − v color. The absolute magnitudes show that two out of five NUV-blue SNe Ia are blue because their near-UV luminosity is high, and the other three are optically fainter. We also show that SN 2011fe is not a “normal” SN Ia in the UV, but has colors placing it at the blue extreme of our sample.