bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Perfect Storm: The Social and Institutional Contexts of Samoa’s 2019-2020 Measles Epidemic and the Lessons learned for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   The National University of Samoa, Boodoosingh Ramona , Akeli Amaama Safua ,   The National University of Samoa, Museum of New Zealand Tepapa Tongarewa, Schoeffel Penelope ,   The National University of Samoa
Published: October 2020

In late 2019 and early 2020, an epidemic of measles ravaged Samoa, and nearly three people in every hundred (2.83%) in the small population were infected, with 1860 hospitalizations and 83 deaths, mainly children. In the circumstances of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, this case study shows that even when a proven vaccine exists for an infectious disease, circumstances may prevent its effective use. As academics and researchers who live and work in Samoa, this article seeks to shed some light into contributing factors to the measles outbreak. These include inadequate data collection, low vaccination coverage, weak institutional capacity, unpreparedness for an epidemic, lack of public information, vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccine propaganda and public recourse to traditional and ‘alternative’ therapies. Through a combination of personal observation, analysis of media articles, government reports and historical documents, we present an overview of the circumstances of the measles epidemic. We trace the circumstances of low vaccination coverage, institutional weaknesses and an uninformed public resulting in a delayed an effective response. In conclusion we reflect on the lessons that history offers on public health services in Samoa. Keywords: Measles, Epidemic, Samoa, public health, Covid-19, vaccination.
Samoan Villages and the MIRAB Model: Four case studies
Authors:   National Universityof Samoa, Arthur Tiffany
Published: October 2020

In 1965-67 Brian Lockwood documented the socioeconomic circumstances of four Samoan villages (Poutasi, Uafato, Utuali’i and Taga), In this paper I present the results of studies of those four villages in 2018-2019 that show the trajectory of mainly subsistence to mainly commercial agriculture expected by Lockwood and others in the period following Samoa’s Independence in 1962 has not occurred, and suggest that the processes of change and the similarities between the case study villages may be explained with reference to the MIRAB model first articulated in 1984 by Bertram and Watters. The MIRAB model of development proposes that, the interacting characteristics of small Pacific Islands of migration (MI), remittances (R), aid (A) and state generated employment (bureaucracies ‘B’) created a “perfectly sustainable strategy” for most Pacific island countries. My research findings suggest MIRAB model can be applied to an understanding of the trajectory of village development in Samoa since the 1960s. The economies of the four villages studied rely heavily on remittances (R) from their relatives overseas (MI) and the new component of aid (A) in the form of village projects funded directly by donors for development purposes in a particular village in the form of village projects. The village councils, women’s committees, or youth groups usually implement these projects. The bureaucracy (B) component of the MIRAB (which in the literature refers to government employment) can also be understood as the provision of services to villages and rural districts by government agencies (B), such as health and educational facilities, police outposts, access roads, water and electricity supply and other infrastructure.
Muhammed İkbal’in Çocuk Şiirlerinde Yer Alan Değerler
Authors: AYDIN Nurullah , ÇİFTÇİ Ferhat
Published: October 2020

Muhammed İkbal, İslam düşüncesinde iz bırakan şahsiyetlerden biridir. Daha çok şairliğiyle ön plana çıkan İkbal; eserlerindeki felsefi yoğunluk, Doğu-Batı geleneklerine dair bilgisi, İslam dünyasının bilinçlenmesi için verdiği düşünsel ve aktüel mücadele ile takdir kazanmıştır. Şiirlerinin kiminde çocuklara seslenerek söz konusu çabalarının bir temel üzere olduğu ve nesil inşasının gerçek muhataplarını unutmamakla bir tutarlılık gösterdiği söylenebilir. Bu çerçevede onun çocuklar için yazdığı şiirler, pek çok değeri ihtiva etmektedir. Bu değerlerin daha çok dinî, örfi ve kültürel bir karşılığa denk geldiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bilindiği üzere değer kavramına uygun nitelikte yazılan çocuk kitapları çocukların iyiyi, güzeli, doğruyu içselleştirmelerini; kötü, çirkin ve yanlış olandan kaçınmalarını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Böylece çocuklar, kendi değerlerine uygun davranışlar sergileyerek daha iyi bir perspektif yakalayacaklardır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu eksende İkbal’in çocuklara yönelik şiirlerinde yer alan değerler tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Bunun için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizine başvurulmuştur. Bu analiz, ilgili eserin okunması ve bölümler hâlinde incelenmesi şeklinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda İkbal’in çocuklara dair şiirlerinde bilinçli olma, sevgi, inanç, olumlu davranışlar vb. kapsamlarda farklı birçok değeri işlediği görülmüştür.
THÂN CHUNG ĐỘNG MẠCH KẾT HỢP VỚI GIÁN ĐOẠN ĐỘNG MẠCH CHỦ: ĐẶC ĐIỂM BỆNH LÝ VÀ CHIẾN LƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT?
Authors: Anh Huy Nguyễn
Published: October 2020

Sự kết hợp của bất thường thân chung động mạch và gián đoạn động mạch chủ là một trong những thách thức lớn của phẫu thuật tim bẩm sinh. Báo cáo này trình bày một trường hợp phẫu thuật sửa toàn bộ thành công bằng tạo hình lại động mạch chủ lên, làm conduit động mạch phổi tại Trung tâm tim mạch bệnh viện E. Qua trường hợp này, chúng tôi bàn luận về đặc điểm bệnh lý và  phương  pháp  phẫu  thuật  đối  với  loại  bất thường tim bẩm sinh phức tạp này và nhìn lại y văn thế giới
A new method to correct the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde time response and its implications for “background current” and pump efficiency
Authors: Vömel Holger , Smit Herman G. J. , Tarasick David , Johnson Bryan , Oltmans Samuel J. , Selkirk Henry , Thompson Anne M. , Stauffer Ryan M. , Witte Jacquelyn C. , Davies Jonathan , van Malderen Roeland , Morris Gary A. , Nakano Tatsumi , Stübi Rene
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde
has been the main instrument for in situ profiling of ozone worldwide; yet,
some details of its operation, which contribute to the ozone uncertainty
budget, are not well understood. Here, we investigate the time response of
the chemical reactions inside the ECC and how corrections can be used to
remove some systematic biases. The analysis is based on the understanding
that two reaction pathways involving ozone occur inside the ECC that
generate electrical currents on two very different timescales. The main
fast-reaction pathway with a time constant of about 20 s is due the
conversion of iodide to molecular iodine and the generation of two free
electrons per ozone molecule. A secondary slow-reaction pathway involving
the buffer generates an excess current of about 2 %–10 % with a time
constant of about 25 min. This excess current can be interpreted as what has
conventionally been considered the “background current”. This contribution
can be calculated and removed from the measured current instead of the
background current. Here we provide an algorithm to calculate and remove
the contribution of the slow-reaction pathway and to correct for the time
lag of the fast-reaction pathway. This processing algorithm has been applied to ozonesonde profiles at Costa
Rica and during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) as well as to
laboratory experiments evaluating the performance of ECC ozonesondes. At
Costa Rica, where a 1 % KI, 1/10th buffer solution is used, there is no
change in the derived total ozone column; however, in the upper troposphere
and lower stratosphere, average reported ozone concentrations increase by up
to 7 % and above 30 km decrease by up to 7 %. During CEPEX, where a
1 % KI, full-buffer solution was used, ozone concentrations are increased
mostly in the upper troposphere, with no change near the top of the
profile. In the laboratory measurements, the processing algorithms have been
applied to measurements using the majority of current sensing solutions and
using only the stronger pump efficiency correction reported by Johnson et
al. (2002). This improves the accuracy of the ECC sonde ozone profiles,
especially for low ozone concentrations or large ozone gradients and
removes systematic biases relative to the reference instruments. In the surface layer, operational procedures prior to launch, in particular
the use of filters, influence how typical gradients above the surface are
detected. The correction algorithm may report gradients that are steeper
than originally reported, but their uncertainty is strongly influenced by
the prelaunch procedures.
A technical description of the Balloon Lidar Experiment (BOLIDE)
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Rempel Dimitry , Roßi Philipp , Büdenbender Christian , Kaifler Natalie , Baturkin Volodymyr
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Balloon Lidar Experiment (BOLIDE) was the first high-power lidar flown and operated successfully on board a balloon platform. As part of the PMC Turbo payload, the instrument acquired high-resolution backscatter profiles of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) from an altitude of ∼ 38 km during its maiden ∼ 6 d flight from Esrange, Sweden, to northern Canada in July 2018. We describe the BOLIDE instrument and its development and report on the predicted and actual in-flight performance. Although the instrument suffered from excessively high background noise, we were able to detect PMCs with a volume backscatter coefficient as low as 0.6×10-10 m−1 sr−1 at a vertical resolution of 100 m and a time resolution of 30 s.
Wuhan MST radar: technical features and validation of wind observations
Authors: Qiao Lei , Chen Gang , Zhang Shaodong , Yao Qi , Gong Wanlin , Su Mingkun , Chen Feilong , Liu Erxiao , Zhang Weifan , Zeng Huangyuan , Cai Xuesi , Song Huina , Zhang Huan , Zhang Liangliang
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Wuhan mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar is a 53.8 MHz monostatic Doppler
radar, located in Chongyang, Hubei Province, China, and has the capability
to observe the dynamics of the mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere region in
the subtropical latitudes. The radar system has an antenna array of 576 Yagi
antennas, and the maximum peak power is 172 kW. The Wuhan MST radar is
efficient and cost-effective and employs more simplified and more flexible
architecture. It includes 24 big transmitter–receiver (TR) modules, and the row or column data port of
each big TR module connects 24 small TR modules via the corresponding
row or column feeding network. Each antenna is driven by a small TR module with
peak output power of 300 W. The arrangement of the antenna field, the
functions of the timing signals, the structure of the TR modules, and the
clutter suppression procedure are described in detail in this paper. We
compared the MST radar observation results with other instruments and
related models in the whole MST region for validation. Firstly, we made a
comparison of the horizontal winds in the troposphere and low stratosphere observed by the Wuhan MST radar with the radiosonde on 22 May 2016, as well
as with the ERA-Interim data sets (2016 and 2017) in the long term. Then, we made
a comparison of the observed horizontal winds in the mesosphere with the
meteor radar and the Horizontal Wind Model 14 (HWM-14) model in the same way. In general, good
agreements can be obtained, and this indicates that the Wuhan MST is an
effective tool to measure the three-dimensional wind fields of the MST
region.
A Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) for the middle
atmosphere
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is the first fully autonomous middle atmosphere lidar system to provide density and temperature profiles from 15 km to approximately 90 km altitude. From October 2019 to October 2020 CORAL acquired temperature profiles on 243 out of the 365 nights (66 %) above Rio Grande, southern Argentina, a cadence which is 3–8 times larger as compared to conventional human operated lidars. The result is an unprecedented data set with measurements on two out of three nights on average and high temporal (20 min) and vertical (900 m) resolution. First studies using CORAL data show for example the evolution of a strong atmospheric gravity wave event and its impact on the stratospheric circulation. We describe the instrument and its novel software which enables automatic and unattended observations over periods of more than a year. A frequency-doubled diode-pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used as light source and backscattered photons are detected using three elastic channels (532 nm wavelength) and one Raman channel (608 nm wavelength). Automatic tracking of the laser beam is realized by implementation of the conical scan (conscan) method. The CORAL software detects blue sky conditions and makes the decision to start the instrument based on local meteorological measurements, detection of stars in all-sky images, and analysis of ECMWF weather forecasts. After the instrument is up and running, the strength of the lidar return signal is used as additional information to assess sky conditions. Safety features in the software allow operation of the lidar even in marginal weather which is a prerequisite to achieving the very high observation cadence.
Speleothem oxygen record – thermal or moisture changes proxy? A
case study of multiproxy record from MIS 5/MIS 6 age speleothems
from Demänová Cave System
Authors: Pawlak Jacek
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The speleothems are an important source of paleoclimatic information in the land environment. The basic advantages of speleothems are the high potential of preservation; the possibility of precise dating by the U-series method; many different proxies like stable isotopes, trace elements, and microfabric which can be interpreted in the term of paleoclimate. The JS9 stalagmite was collected in Demänová Cave System (Slovakia). Presently this region of Europe is under influence of transitional and continental climate. However, in the past, it could be under stronger influence of the continental climate during cold glacial episodes and under wetter transitional climate during interglacial. The multiproxy record of the JS9 stalagmite represents ca. 60 ka period (143–83 ka). The multiproxy interpretation of the JS9 record shows that long time tendencies of δ18O have thermal nature while the short time δ18O signal reflects changes in humidity. In opposition to the records from the Alps and the northern Tatra mountains, the δ18O record of JS9 has instant decrease episodes during Termination II.
Holocene sea level and environmental change at the southern Cape –
an 8.5 kyr multi-proxy paleoclimate record from lake Voёlvlei, South
Africa
Authors: Strobel Paul , Bliedtner Marcel , Carr Andrew S. , Frenzel Peter , Klaes Björn , Salazar Gary , Struck Julian , Szidat Sönke , Zech Roland , Haberzettl Torsten
Published: October 2020

Abstract. South Africa is a key region for paleoclimate studies reconstructing and understanding past changes in atmospheric circulation, i.e., temperate Westerlies and tropical Easterlies. However, due to the scarcity of natural archives, the environmental evolution during the late Quaternary remains highly debated. Many archives that are available are peri-coastal lakes and wetlands and sea level changes during the Holocene often overprinted the paleoenvironmental signals in these archives. This study presents a new record from the coastal wetland Voёlvlei, which is an intermittent lake situated in the year-round rainfall zone (YRZ) of South Africa at the southern Cape coast. It presents an ideal archive to investigate both sea level and environmental changes. A 13 m-long sediment core was retrieved from Voёlvlei and analysed using a multi-proxy approach. The chronology reveals a basal age of 8,440+200/−250 cal BP. Paleoecological and elemental analyses indicate marine intrusions from 8,440 to 7,000 cal BP with a salinity optimum at 7,030+150/−190 cal BP. Since 6,000 cal BP, silting up has been causing an intermittent freshwater lake. Inferred from changes in allochthonous input, δ13Cn-alkane and δ2Hn-alkane increasing moisture is observed from 8,440+200/−250 cal BP. The δ2Hn-alkane record provides new evidence in contribution of different precipitation sources throughout the record with contributions from both Westerlies and Easterlies from 8,440 to 7,070 cal BP. Westerlies dominate from 7,070 to 6,420 cal BP followed by a distinct shift to an Easterly-dominance at 6,420 cal BP. An overall trend to a Westerly-lasting until 2,060 cal BP is followed by a trend towards an Easterlies-dominance, but both phases show several climatic spikes. Those spikes are also evident in other regional studies highlighting that the source and seasonality of precipitation has a mayor role for the hydrological balance. By comparing the Voёlvlei record with other regional studies, a similar trend in the overall moisture evolution along the southern Cape coast is inferred during the past 8.500 yrs.
A spectral library for laser-induced fluorescence analysis as a
tool for rare earth element identification
Authors: Fuchs Margret C. , Beyer Jan , Lorenz Sandra , Sharma Suchinder , Renno Axel D. , Heitmann Johannes , Gloaguen Richard
Published: October 2020

Abstract. With the recurring interest on rare-earth elements (REE), laser-induced fluorescence (LiF) may provide a powerful tool for their rapid and accurate identification at different stages along their value chain. Applications to natural materials such as rocks could complement the spectroscopy-based toolkit for innovative, non-invasive exploration technologies. However, the diagnostic assignment of detected emission lines to individual REE remains challenging, because of the complex composition of natural rocks in which they can be found. The resulting mixed spectra and the large amount of data generated demand for automated approaches of data evaluation, especially in mapping applications such as drill core scanning. LiF reference data provide the solution for robust REE identification, yet they usually remain in the form of tables of published emission lines. We show that a complete reference spectra library could open manifold options for innovative automated analysis. We present a library of high-resolution LiF reference spectra using the Smithsonian rare-earth phosphate standards for electron microprobe analysis.We employ three standard laser wavelengths (325 nm, 442 nm, 532 nm) to record representative spectra in the UV-visible to near-infrared spectral range (340–1080 nm). Excitation at all three laser wavelengths yielded characteristic spectra with distinct REE-related emission lines for EuPO4, TbPO4, DyPO4 and YbPO4. In the other samples, the high-energy excitation at 325 nm caused unspecific, broadband defect emissions. Here, lower energy laser excitation showed successful for suppressing non-REE-related emission. At 442 nm excitation, REE-reference spectra depict the diagnostic emission lines of PrPO4, SmPO4 and ErPO4. For NdPO4 and HoPO4 most efficient excitation was achieved with 532 nm. Our results emphasise on the possibility of selective REE excitation by changing the excitation wavelength according to the suitable conditions for individual REEs. Our reference spectra provide a database for transparent and reproducible evaluation of REE-bearing rocks. The LiF spectral library is available at https://zenodo.org/ and the registered DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4054606 (Fuchs et al., 2020). It gives access to traceable data for manifold further studies on comparison of emission line positions, emission line intensity ratios and splitting into emission line sub-levels or can be used as reference or training data for automated approaches of component assignment.
Short communication: Driftwood provides reliable chronological
markers in Arctic coastal deposits
Authors: Sander Lasse , Kirdyanov Alexander , Crivellaro Alan , Büntgen Ulf
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Originating from the boreal forest and often transported over large distances, driftwood characterises many Arctic coastlines. Here we present a combined assessment of radiocarbon (14C) and dendrochronological (ring width) age estimates of driftwood samples to constrain the progradation of two Holocene beach-ridge systems near the Lena Delta in the Siberian Arctic (Laptev Sea). Our data show that the 14C ages obtained on syndepositional driftwood from beach deposits yield surprisingly coherent chronologies for the coastal evolution of the field sites. The dendrochronological analysis of wood from modern driftlines revealed the origin and recent delivery of the wood from the Lena River catchments. This finding suggests that the duration transport lies within the uncertainty of state-of-the-art 14C dating and thus substantiates the validity of age indication obtained from driftwood. This observation will help to better understand changes in similar coastal environments, and to improve our knowledge about the response of coastal systems to past climate and sea-level changes.
A new automatic approach for extracting glacier centerlines
Authors: Zhang Dahong , Yao Xiaojun , Duan Hongyu , Liu Shiyin , Guo Wanqin , Sun Meiping , Li Dazhi
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Glacier centerlines are crucial input for many glaciological applications. From the morphological perspective, we proposed a new automatic method to derive glacier centerlines, which is based on the Euclidean allocation and the terrain characteristics of glacier surface. In the algorithm, all glaciers are logically classified as three types including simple glacier, simple compound glacier and complex glacier, with corresponding process ranges from simple to complex. The process for extracting centerlines of glaciers introduces auxiliary reference lines, and follows the setting of not passing through bare rock. The program of automatic extraction of glacier centerline was implemented in Python and only required glacier boundary and digital elevation model (DEM) as input. Application of this method to 48571 glaciers in the second Chinese glacier inventory automatically yielded the corresponding glacier centerlines with an average computing time of 20.96 s, a success rate of 100 % and a comprehensive accuracy of 94.34 %. A comparison of the longest length of glaciers to the corresponding glaciers in the Randolph Glacier Inventory v6.0 revealed that our results were more superior. Meanwhile, our final product provided more information about glacier length, such as the average length, the largest length, the lengths in the accumulation and ablation regions of each glacier.
Wake redirection at higher axial induction
Authors: Cossu Carlo
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The energy produced by wind plants can be increased by mitigating the negative effects of turbine-wakes interactions. In this context, axial induction control and wake redirection, obtained by intentionally yawing or tilting the rotor axis away from the mean wind direction, have been the subject of extensive investigations. We have recently shown that the combination of static tilt control with static axial over-induction results in significant power gains. However, these early results were based on idealized turbine models where wake-rotation effects, radial force distributions and realistic turbine controller effects were neglected. In this study we therefore compute power gains that can be obtained by operating tilted rotors at higher axial induction for the more realistic native NREL 5-MW turbine model implemented in SOWFA. We then extend this approach to the case of yaw control. We show that power gains obtained by standard wake redirection based on yaw or tilt control are highly enhanced when the yawed or tilted turbines are operated at higher axial induction. These results confirm our early findings for the case of tilt control and extend them to the case of yaw control suggesting an high potential for the practical application of overinductive wake redirection.
Multi-valued fixed point theorem via F- contraction of Nadler type and application to functional and integral equations
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad , Kumam Poom
Published: October 2020

In this work, using F-contraction of Nadler type, common multi-valued fixed point results in the setting of b-metric space are established. With the assistance of the determined results sufficient conditions for the existence of common solutions to the systems of functional and integral equations are studied.
Extremal number of theta graphs of order 7
Authors: Jaradat Mohammad M. M. , Bataineh M. S. , Al-Rhayyel A. A. , Mustafa Zead
Published: October 2020

For a set of graphs F , let H(n; F ) denote the class of non-bipartite Hamiltonian graphs on n vertices that does not contain any graph of F as a subgraph and h(n; F ) = max{E (G) : G E H(n; F )} where E (G) is the number of edges in G. In this paper we determine h(n; {84, 85, 87}) and h(n; 87) for sufficiently odd large n. Our result confirms the conjecture made in [7] for k = 3.
A number of limit cycle of sextic polynomial differential systems via the averaging theory
Authors: Menaceur Amour , Boulaaras Salah
Published: October 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to study the number of limit cycles of sextic polynomial differential systems (SPDS) via the averaging theory which is an extension to the study of cubic polynomial vector fields in (Nonlinear Analysis 66 (2007), 1707--1721), where we provide an accurate upper bound of the maximum number of limit cycles that SPDS can have bifurcating from the period annulus surrounding the origin of a class of cubic system.
HPV infection and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Geilson Gomes de , Eleutério José , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Recent research has focused on the role of persistent ascending bacterial infections and sexually transmitted infections (STI) as a factor associated to endometriosis. Indeed, some studies investigated the possible role of HPV in endometriosis, but this topic remains inconclusive. Objective:The present study aims to meta-analyze research that assessed the presence of HPV infection in patients with endometriosis. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey were searched until February 10th, 2020. Search terms included “endometriosis” and “HPV” without language restrictions. The combined relative risks and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with I-square (I2 ). Results: Meta-analysis with low heterogeneity found a relative risk of twice as much in women exposed to HPV in relation to the unexposed control. Conclusion: Results indicate that HPV could be a risk factor for developing endometriosis.
Propiedad y gobernanza: legitimando el derecho a explotar
Authors: Román Álvaro , Campero Cecilia
Published: October 2020

Una manera de conocer el estado de la relación entre una sociedad y el espacio es mediante el examen de sus derechos de propiedad. Desde ellos se accede al entramado de relaciones y jerarquías entre grupos sociales, así como al rol que le otorgan al medio en el que se desenvuelven. En este artículo se propone una revisión crítica de dicha relación, una en la que el carácter individual y antrópico de la propiedad no ha sido cuestionado. Con base en entrevistas semiestructuradas y revisión bibliográfica se plantea que las demandas de sectores usualmente perjudicados por esta forma de relación social buscan que se les garantice el derecho a usufructuar recursos bajo paradigmas de mercado. Así, es interesante que los nuevos arreglos institucionales que permiten su integración replican los mismos efectos de desposesión y exclusión. De este modo, las medidas de corrección refuerzan el carácter individual y antrópico de la propiedad que ganan una legitimidad basal. En consecuencia, la asignación de derechos, la definición de grupos prioritarios y las decisiones de carácter político se enfrentan a una acción cada vez más fragmentada, extendiendo la exclusión a grupos cada vez más marginados, además de arriesgar la disponibilidad de los recursos así distribuidos.
En la búsqueda del tío: los haitianos en Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Bidegain Gabriel
Published: October 2020

El artículo intenta conocer el número de haitianos viviendo en Estados Unidos de América a partir de fuentes de ese país, específicamente los datos de la Oficina del Censo. Se basa en la revisión de fuentes secundarias de información. Se trata de desmitificar los relatos sobre los haitianos que en los años ochenta hablan de cuatro (4) millones en el exterior. Ninguna teoría sobre la migración internacional explica totalmente el comportamiento de los migrantes. Se estima en 643,341 los nacidos en Haití en 2017 y se desmitifica completamente las “narrativas” sobre los millones en el exterior. Y que son principalmente los más educados (particularmente mujeres) los que emigran a dicho país. Haití tiene un potencial demográfico y expulsor importante y seguirá expulsando gente “buscando al tío” a pesar de los impedimentos legales.
Determinantes sociodemográficos de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral de Honduras, años 2011 y 2015
Authors: Torres Marquina María Del Carmen
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar las variables sociodemográficas que determinan la participación laboral de la mujer para los años 2011 y 2015. Se estimaron modelos de tipo probit para identificar las variables con mayor o menor impacto en la probabilidad de que la mujer participe en el mercado laboral en Honduras.Se concluye que el nivel educativo influye positivamente para que la mujer se inserte en el mercado laboral obteniendo empleos e ingresos dignos, así pues, se constató que las mujeres con nivel de secundaria o superior, estaban laborando en ocupaciones de mejor jerarquía, mientras que las mujeres con nivel primaria se insertan en ocupaciones de baja categoría, y eran las mujeres con educación superior las que obtuvieron los ingresos más altos.Las mujeres solteras, son las que en un mayor porcentaje se encuentran insertas en el mercado de trabajo (46%), respecto a las casadas o en unión libre (45% entre ambas). El área de residencia rural, influye negativamente, se identificaron los mayores porcentajes de mujeres trabajando en el área urbana; mientras que el número de hijos menores proporcionó evidencia negativa para que la mujer obtenga un empleo.
Trends of Graduate Theses with the Subject of Education and Training Conducted on Creativity
Authors: Dolmaz Mustafa , İlhan Genç Osman
Published: October 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the trends of the studies that address the education-training dimension of creativity in Turkey. The research was conducted using a qualitative research pattern. The data was collected and analyzed through document analysis. In the analysis of the data, the thesis analysis form developed by the researchers was used. One hundred and forty-five graduate theses studied between 2005 and 2019 in the field of education, which were allowed access by their authors, constitute the study group of this research. 114 of these works consist of graduate theses and 31 of them consist of doctoral theses. The graduate theses in the Council of Higher Education database were examined under a total of 10 titles according to their distribution over the years-educational levels, university distributions, institute distributions, branch distributions, methods and sub-methods, data collection tools, sampling/study groups, sampling methods, education level of the study group and thesis titles. As a result of the research, it was observed that although studies addressing the educational-educational dimension of creativity have increased at a certain level over the years, they are not at the desired point and have not been studied adequately. In addition, it was determined that the studies carried out in terms of the discipline, the methods used and the variety of topics studied had similarities, that no studies on creativity were conducted in some departments, that the study group usually consists of a single level of education, that this situation does not allow to look at creativity from a broad perspective, and that there are many aspects of creativity that have not been studied for those who will work in the educational dimension.
Validation of a diagrammatic scale for quantification of bacterial leaf blight (causal agent Pseudomonas avenae) in maize
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Lorenzetti Eloisa , Tartaro Juliano ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Stangarlin José Renato ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Portz Roberto Luis ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Kuhn Odair José ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Alves Neto Alfredo José ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Published: October 2020

Bacterial leaf blight occurs in almost the entire Brazilian territory and can cause significant economic damage. However, its effects can be curtailed with the following tools that aid in quantification for carrying out the best severity assessment that can be applied to the studies used in its control. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a diagrammatic scale to quantify the severity of bacterial leaf blight in maize caused by Pseudomonas avenae. Corn leaves were collected with different levels of disease severity, and the total leaf area as well as the injured area of the middle third of each leaf was measured. From this, the minimum and maximum limits of the disease and, subsequently, four intermediate levels were determined whilst taking into account the law of visual stimulus of Weber-Fechner. Levels 1.5%, 2.5%, 9%, 18%, 46%, and 70% were selected with validation performed by eight evaluators, four inexperienced and four experienced. These evaluators estimated the severity values, initially without the use of the proposed diagrammatic scale and in a second attempt with the use of the scale. We concluded that it was possible to improve the accuracy and precision of the evaluators when they used the scale as a tool to assess the severity of bacterial leaf blight on corn leaves.
Preservation by lactic fermentation and physicochemical characterization of okra produced underwater salinity and potassium fertilization
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Silva Rafael Gonçalves da ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lima Geovani Soares de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sales Giuliana Naiara Barros ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra da ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Silva Neta Alzira Maria de Sousa ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Moreira Rômulo Carantino Lucena ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Gomes Josivanda Palmeira ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: October 2020

The use of saline water in agricultural production will be increasingly necessary in the next decades. However, postharvest quality may be compromised, as in okra, due to salt stress and/or factors inherent to storage and transportation. In this context, developing alternative methods of preservation, including lactic fermentation, may be a promising way to maintain and even improve the nutritional quality of okra. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the production components of okra subjected to different levels of water salinity and doses of potassium fertilization, and further to evaluate the preservation by lactic fermentation of okra fruits produced under water salinity. The first experiment was carried out in lysimeters under field conditions in Neossolo Regolítico (Psamment) of sandy loam texture in Pombal-PB, in a randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, testing 5 levels of irrigation water salinity (0.3; 1.3; 2.3; 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1) and 5 doses of potassium fertilization (75; 112.5; 150; 187.5, and 225 mg of K2O kg-1 of soil), with three replicates. After that, the okra fruits produced under the different salinity levels were stored in six mixtures of salts present in lactic fermentation brine (100-0-0, 0-100-0, 0-0-100, 50-50-0, 0-50-50, and 50-0-50 of NaCl, CaCl2, and KCl, respectively), under a 5 x 6 factorial, with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. The post-harvest quality, after fermentation, was evaluated based on their physicochemical characteristics. Irrigation water salinity negatively affected the average length, average weight, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, and pH of the okra fruits. Potassium doses increased the average diameter of okra fruits, minimizing the deleterious effects of irrigation water salinity. The vitamin C contents of pickled okra fruits were not compromised by salt stress. Among the lactic fermentation brines, the formulation containing the proportion NaCl:CaCl2 stands out as promoting the highest titratable acidity and soluble solids content in pickled okra fruits.
Yield and water use efficiency in 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mango trees under localized irrigation with water deficit
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Santos Marcelo Rocha dos , Cotrim Junior Paulo Roberto Fernandes ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Mesquita Naasoom Luiz Santos ,   Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Donato Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Coelho Eugênio Ferreira ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Published: October 2020

The increasing water demand of crops in response to climate change; the prospect of expanded irrigated areas; the population growth; and competition with multiple uses of water affect the availability of water resources for agriculture. Thus, measures are required that involve the adoption of irrigation-management strategies able to increase water savings without compromising crop yield, especially in semi-arid conditions, where water resources are limited, and in large-scale commercial cultivation such as in 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mango, the second most widely grown irrigated fruit crop. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of irrigation systems (drip and micro-sprinkler) and deficit-irrigation strategies on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mango trees. The study was developed through two experiments conducted in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, located in municipality of Guanambi - BA, Brazil. Two trials were carried out in a completely randomized design. For the 'Tommy Atkins' cultivar, 12 strategies were tested, involving regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) by micro-sprinkler irrigation and partial rootzone drying (PRD) by drip, in three production cycles. For ‘Palmer’ mango, 10 irrigation strategies were evaluated under the same previously described conditions, in only one production cycle. The reduction in water application in RDI was 25 and 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc); and, in PRD, 20, 40 and 60% ETc. ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango achieved higher yields under micro-sprinkler irrigation with full irrigation and in the strategies involving the application of 50 and 75% ETc in stages II and III. These two strategies also provided greater WUE, along with PRD40. Water use efficiency was lower in the third evaluation cycle when compared with the first. ‘Palmer’ mango showed higher yields and WUE under drip irrigation, with the best yields achieved with full irrigation and in the strategies of PRD100, 80%, 60% and RDI with 50% ETc in stage III. The best WUE was obtained in PRD with 60 and 40% ETc.
Effect of flaxseed root performance on the structural quality of a Haplumbrept under conservationist management system, in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Kohn Letícia Salvi , Carducci Carla Eloize ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Barbosa Jânio dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Bosco Leosane Cristina ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rossoni Diogo Francisco ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: October 2020

Our goal was to evaluate the root development of flaxseed and its relationship with soil aggregation and organic carbon storage in two sowing seasons under soil conservationist management, in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. We used three flaxseed genotypes: Aguará and Caburé from Argentina, and Gold from Brazil, sowings in April and May in a no-tillage system under Haplumbrept. In the flowering stage, the root system was evaluated by image analyze using a Safira software. Root distribution maps were used by geostatistical kriging. At the harvest stage, soil blocks were sampled for analyze the aggregates morphometry by image with Quantporo software and the soil organic carbon. Undisturbed soil were sampled to determine the physical attributes. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three repetitions, anova was performed by Fisher and the means compared by Tukey test. No physical impediments were found for the roots performance in the Haplumbrept under conservationist management system, these favored the irregularity of the aggregates surface observed by the low values of aspect and roughness in the different tested diameter ranges. Both Caburé and Aguará genotypes showed good roots spatial distribution in the soil profile in both sowing seasons with an increase in carbon storage in the smallest diameter aggregates (here considered the aggregates of 4.76-1 mm). Caburé genotype is the best genotype adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions evaluated because had a greater roots volume, area and length below to 0.15 m depth.
Physiological responses of watercress to brackish waters and different nutrient solution circulation times
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Souza Camila Alves de , Silva Alexsandro Oliveira da ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Silva Ênio Farias de França e ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Bezerra Marlos Alves ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Published: October 2020

Water scarcity and the use of brackish water are the main challenges for agricultural development. In view of this, the present study proposes to examine physiological responses of the broadleaf-cress crop in an NFT hydroponics system according to the use of brackish water and nutrient solution circulation times. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with five water salinity levels (ECw: 0.6, 1.6, 2.6, 3.6 and 4.6 dS m-1) and two nutrient solution circulation times (T1 = 10 min and T2 = 15 min), totaling 10 treatments with four replicates, which resulted in 40 experimental plots. The following variables were analyzed: net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf proline content, shoot moisture content, stem diameter and root length. The maximum observed photosynthetic rates were 20.9 mmol m-2 s-1 (T1) and 20.0 mmol m-2 s-1 (T2). Maximum stomatal conductance was 0.44 mol m-2 s-1, which decreased by 63.4% at the highest salinity level. The increasing ECw levels in both growing cycles evaluated reduced gas exchanges, stem diameter and root length. The nutrient solution circulation time of 15 min provided the most satisfactory results for the analyzed variables.
Building configuration
Authors: Arnold Christopher
Published: October 2020

Presented at the Third South Pacific Regional Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, May 1983.
Effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine in sleep videoendoscopy: a comparative study in Ukraine
Authors: Denysenko Roman , Dichtiaruk Oleksandr , Naumenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associate with a high socio-economic burden. According
to statistics snoring is found in 44% of men and 28% of women aged 30 to 60 years. Treatment involves several main
approaches including uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with or without tonsillectomy. Preparation for this procedure includes
sleep videoendoscopy. Currently, we mainly use two effective agents, propofol and dexmedetomidine. That said, there is still
no consensus on which one is safer and better.
Material and methods: The study involved 50 people aged 18 to 62 with a history of snoring and OSA, previously ineligible or
insensitive to CPAP therapy, thus preparing for surgical treatment of these disorders. All patients were randomized to two
study groups: group 1 with propofol as a sedative and group 2 with dexmedetomidine. Each treatment was divided into three
periods: (1) initial testing before the use of intravenous hypnotic agents, (2) sedation, and (3) regaining consciousness. In each
period, we measured the following parameters: minute ventilation, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood concentration
of hypnotic agent, BIS index. Statistical analysis was performed on IBM SPSS Statistics v. 22.
Rusults: The OAA/S scale showed that the recovery time after sedation was longer for dexmedetomidine than for propofol: 38
± 10 min and 27 ± 3 min, respectively (p value = 0.305, which means no statistically significant difference between the groups).
Based on monitoring of circulation and respiratory rate, heart rate tended to decrease with dexmedetomidine sedation and
increase with propofol infusion. Blood pressure tended to drop in both groups, more so with dexmedetomidine. In the postsedation
period, blood pressure stabilized faster in the propofol group than in the dexmedetomidine group, but it was not
statistically significant.
Wnioski: According to the study results, there was no statistically significant difference between the propofol or
dexmedetomidine groups. However, the paper presents a small series of cases, therefore extensive clinical research is needed
to clarify the problem further.
Professor Tadeusz Stanisław Gałkowski (1936-2020) – A human being and a psychologist
Authors: Hryniewicka Anna
Published: October 2020

This article is devoted to the life and work of Prof. Tadeusz Gałkowski - an outstanding representative of world psychology, who was able to harmoniously combine various manifestations of scientific, instructional, and social activities, focusing them especially on the rehabilitation of people with serious developmental disorders and difficulties in communication. His great merit was the initiation of research on the diagnosis and treatment of children with hearing impairments and autism in Poland - so important for extending the knowledge of special education, supporting the development of people with disabilities, and shaping appropriate social attitudes towards them.
A pesca artesanal e o ordenamento territorial da pesca na costa brasileira no período (neo)desenvolvimentista
Authors: Torres Rafael Barsotti , Giannella Letícia de Carvalho
Published: October 2020

Ao longo do século XX e XXI, a atividade pesqueira do país apresentou um forte processo de industrialização financiado pelo Estado, promovendo uma profunda desorganização da pesca artesanal. Frente a tal conjuntura, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o ordenamento territorial da pesca no país no período neodesenvolvimentista, centrado principalmente no instrumento jurídico chamado de “Autorização de Pesca” e no Programa de Subvenção Econômica ao Preço do Óleo Diesel para Embarcações Pesqueiras (PSE), buscando evidenciar sua influência frente aos territórios pesqueiros artesanais e industrias. A metodologia deste trabalho envolveu uma revisão do conceito de território, o uso de dados do Seguro-Defeso, e principalmente do PSE dos anos 2017-2019. O tratamento dos dados foi feito no software estatístico R-Studio, versão 1.2.5001. Os resultados deste artigo apontam para a importância de se compreender a dominação da pesca industrial sobre a artesanal a partir da dimensão territorial e do papel ativo que desempenha o Estado nesse processo.