bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neue Thiophosphate: Die Verbindungen Li6Ln3(PS4)5 (Ln: Y, Gd, Dy, Yb, Lu) und Ag3Y(PS4)2
Authors: Müller Christian , Jörgens Stefan , Mewis Albrecht
Published: July 2007

New Thiophosphates: The Compounds Li6Ln3(PS4)5 (Ln: Y, Gd, Dy, Yb, Lu) and Ag3Y(PS4)2

The new thiophosphates Li6Ln3(PS4)5 (Ln: Y, Gd, Dy, Yb, Lu) were synthesized by heating mixtures of Ln, P, S, and Li2S4 at 900 °C (100 h) and they were investigated by single crystal X‐ray methods. The compounds with Ln = Y (a = 28.390(2), b = 10.068(1), c = 33.715(2) Å, β = 113.85(1)°), Gd (a = 28.327(2), b = 10.074(1), c = 33.822(2) Å, β = 114.297(7)°), Dy (a = 28.124(6), b = 10.003(2), c = 33.486(7) Å, β = 113.89(3)°), Yb (a = 28.178(3), b = 9.977(1), c = 33.392(4) Å, β = 113.65(1)°), and Lu (a = 28.169(6), b = 10.002(2), c = 33.432(7) Å, β = 113.54(3)°) are isotypic and crystallize in a new structure type (C2/c; Z = 12). Main feature are PS4 tetrahedra isolated from each other surrounding the Ln and Li atoms via their S atoms. The coordination number of the five crystallographically independent Ln atoms is eight, but the polyhedra are quite different and they are interlinked to larger units extending in [010]. The environment of the Li atoms is irregular and formed by five to six S atoms. The crystal structure is compared with that of Li9Ln2(PS4)5 (Ln: Nd, Gd). For the synthesis of Ag3Y(PS4)2 (a = 16.874(3), b = 9.190(2), c = 9.312(2) Å, β = 123.17(3)°) a mixture of Y, P, S, and Ag2S was heated to 700 °C (50 h). The thiophosphate crystallizes in a new structure type (C2/c; Z = 4) composed of isolated PS4 tetrahedra. The two crystallographically independent Ag atoms are surrounded by four S atoms in the shape of distorted tetrahedra. The Ag(1)S4 polyhedra are cornershared to strands running along [001], which are linked together via Ag(2)S4 tetrahedra. The environment of the Y atoms is composed of eight S atoms each building distorted square antiprisms. These polyhedra are connected with each other via common edges to a strand running along [001].
[Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)][C6H4(COO)2] – Ein eindimensionales Koordinationspolymer mit kettenartigen [Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)]n2n+ Polykationen
Authors: Köferstein Roberto , Robl Christian
Published: July 2007

[Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)][C6H4(COO)2] – An One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer with Chain‐like [Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)]n2n+ Polycations

Orthorhombic single crystals of [Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)][C6H4(COO)2] have been prepared in aqueous solution at room temperature. Space group Imm2 (no. 44), a = 1039.00(6) pm, b = 954.46(13) pm, c = 737.86(5) pm, V = 0.73172(12) nm3, Z = 2. Mn2+ is coordinated in a octahedral manner by four water molecules and two nitrogen atoms stemming from the pyrazine molecules (Mn–O 215.02(11) pm; Mn–N 228.7(4), 230.7(4) pm). Mn2+ and pyrazine molecules form chain‐like polycations with [Mn(H2O)4(C4N2H4)]n2n+ composition. The positive charge of the polycationic chains is compensated for by phthalate anions, which are accomodated between the chains. The phthalate anions are linked by hydrogen bonds to the polycationic chains. Thermogravimetric analysis in air revealed that the loss of water of crystallisation and pyrazine occurs in two steps between 130 and 245 °C. The resulting sample was stable up to 360 °C. Further decomposition yielded Mn2O3.
Komplexe einwertiger Dibenzo‐18‐Krone‐6‐Kationen mit Triiodid als Anionen
Authors: Walbaum Christine , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd
Published: July 2007

Complexes of Monovalent Dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 Cations with Triiodide as Anions

The new polyiodides [NH4(db18c6)]2(I3)2 (1), [NH4(db18c6)](db18c6)I3 (2), [Na1/2(db18c6)H2O]2I3 (3), [Rb(db18c6)]I3 (4), [Rb(db18c6)]2(I3)2 (5), [Cs(db18c6)]I3 (6), and [Cs2(db18c6)3][Cs(db18c6)3/2](I3)3 (7) were obtained from reactions of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (db18c6) and iodine with NH4I, NaI, RbI, and CsI. Their crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (1) M = NH4, (5) M = Rb: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 1409,67(8), b = 2211,63(14), c = 1627,16(10) pm, β = 101,030(5)°, Z = 4 (crystal data for M = NH4); (2): monoclinic, Pn, a = 1345,26(14), b = 773,82(4), c = 2095,10(20) pm, β = 94,439(8)°, Z = 2; (3): orthorhombic, Pnaa, a = 931,59(13), b = 2213,3(5), c = 2223,9(4) pm, Z = 4; (4): monoclinic, P21/n, a = 999,50(6), b = 1711,33(10), c = 1517,45(9) pm, β = 99,021(5)°, Z = 4; (6): triclinic, $\rm P{\bar 1}$, a = 705,16(9), b = 1137,93(14), c = 1678,90(20) pm, α = 73,719(10), β = 79,782(10), γ = 83,669(10)°, Z = 2; (7): triclinic, $\rm P{\bar 1}$, a = 1519,25(6), b = 1702,49(7), c = 2136,41(9) pm, α = 102,641(3), β = 101,989(3), γ = 91,911(3)°, Z = 2. 1 : 1 cations centered by M, [M(db18c6)]+, are found in the structures of (1 – 6). In contrast, the triple decker cation found in (7) is less common. The crystal structures are completed by mostly asymmetrically linear I3− anions.
Die Tetracyanoborsäuren H[B(CN)4]·n H2O, n = 0, 1, 2
Authors: Küppers Torsten , Bernhardt Eduard , Lehmann Christian W. , Willner Helge
Published: July 2007

The Tetracyanoboronic Acids H[B(CN)4]·n H2O, n = 0, 1, 2

Treatment of an aqueous solution of Na[B(CN)4] with an acidic cation exchange resin leads to a solution of the strong tetracyanoboronic acid. Evaporation of the solution at room temperature yields colourless single crystals of [H5O2][B(CN)4] ($P{\bar 4}n {\rm 2}$, a = 9.5830(2) Å, c = 14.25440(3) Å, Z = 1). Further drying of [H5O2][B(CN)4] (mp. 115 °C) in vacuum at 50 °C gives polycrystalline [H3O][B(CN)4] (P63mc, a = 8.704(1) Å, c = 6.152(1) Å, Z = 2), which is thermally stable up to 145 °C. The anhydrous polycrystalline acid H[B(CN)4] is formed quantitatively by reacting Me3SiNCB(CN)3 with gaseous HCl. This acid starts to decompose at 190 °C with loss of HCN. All three acids were further characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of AgVMO5 (M = Se, Te)
Authors: Pitzschke Dragan , Jansen Martin
Published: July 2007

Single crystals of AgVSeO5 and AgVTeO5 were obtained under hydrothermal conditions at 190 °C by reacting stoichiometric amounts of AgNO3, NaVO3, TeO2 and SeO2, respectively. AgVSeO5 crystallizes in Pbcm with a = 418.14(3) pm, b = 2007.70(6) pm, c = 521.17(2) pm, V = 437.52(2) × 106 pm3 and Z = 4, as red needles. The structure consists of VO5 square pyramids, trigonal SeO3 pyramids and AgO8 polyhedra, as primary building units. The VO5 square pyramids are linked to chains running along the c‐axis, by sharing oxygen atoms in the basal plane in cis‐position. The remaining basal O atoms of the VO5 moieties are shared with two oxygen atoms of the SeO3 units. The resulting polyanionic strands of composition [VSeO5]− are interconnected by silver atoms to form a three dimensional network. AgVTeO5 crystallizes as yellow needles in P21/c with a = 586.59(1) pm, b = 1137.98(2) pm, c = 680.78(1) pm, β = 102.733(1)°, V = 443.26(1) × 106 pm3 and Z = 4. The structure consists of VO4 tetrahedra, Ψ‐trigonal‐bipyramidal TeO4 units and AgO8 polyhedra as primary building units. The TeO4 groups form dimers by edge sharing, which are linked through vertices to the VO4 tetrahedra. The resulting one dimensional polyanion is extending along [101]. The structural motifs and charge distribution according to Se4+/V5+, and Te4+/V5+ respectively, seem to allow for a reshuffling of the charge distribution, thus inducing interesting physical phenomena, at elevated temperatures or pressures.
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrasubstituted Piperazinium Salts of Perfluorinated Acids
Authors: Gilsing Hans‐Detlev , Prescher Dietrich , Menz Dirk‐Henning
Published: July 2007

Well crystallized diquaternary piperazinium salts of perfluorocarboxylic acids can be prepared by thermal rearrangement of a primary product obtained from the appropriate fluorinated acid chloride and N,N‐dialkylamino‐ethanol. The mechanism of the ring closure step is discussed. The synthetic strategy easily gives access to structurally different piperazinium perfluorocarboxylates. The title compounds show surface activity and can be regarded as ionic amphiphiles.
2‐Imino‐3‐allyl‐benzothiazole as a π‐Ligand: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [(CuCl)C10H10SN2], [C10H11SN2+]2[Cu2Cl4]2−, and [C10H11SN2+]2[Cu2Br4]2− π‐Compounds
Authors: Goreshnik E. A. , Mys'kiv M. G.
Published: July 2007

The reaction of 2‐amino‐benzothiazole with allyl bromide resulted in a mixture of 2‐imino‐3‐allyl‐benzothiazole and 2‐imino‐3‐allyl‐benzothiazolium bromide.Using such a mixture and copper(II) chloride in acetonitrile solution in alternating‐current electrochemical synthesis crystals of the [(CuCl)C10H10SN2] (I) have been obtained. The same procedure, performed in ethanol solution, has led to formation of [C10H11SN2+]2[Cu2Cl4]2− (II). In the same manner the bromine derivative [C10H11SN2+]2[Cu2Br4]2− (III) has been synthesized. All three compounds were X‐ray structurally investigated. I:monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 13.789(6), b = 6.297(3), c = 13.830(6) Å, β = 112.975(4)°, V = 1105.6 (9) Å3, Z = 4 for CuCl·C10H10 SN2 composition. Compounds II and III are isomorphous and crystallize in triclinic $\rm P{\bar 1}$ space group. II a = 7.377(3), b = 8.506(3), c = 9.998(4) Å, α = 79.892(10)°, β = 82.704(13)°, γ = 78.206(12)°, V = 601.9(4) Å3, Z = 1. III a = 7.329(2), b = 8.766(3), c = 10.265(3) Å, α = 79.253(9)°, β = 82.625(9)°, γ = 77.963(9)°, V = 630.9(3) Å3, Z = 1. In the structure I [(CuCl)C10H10SN2] building blocks are bound into infinitive spiral‐like chains via strong N‐H..Cl hydrogen bonds. In the zwitter‐ionic II and III compounds copper and halide atoms form centrosymmetric [Cu2X4]2− anions, which are interconnected via N‐H..X hydrogen bonds into infinite butterfly‐like chains. The strongest Cu‐(C=C) π‐interaction has been observed in structure I, where copper possesses coordination number 3. Increasing copper coordination number to 4 in II as well as replacing chlorine atoms by bromine ones in III suppresses markedly this interaction.
Cs4Ge9·en: A Novel Compound with [Ge9]4− Clusters – Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra
Authors: Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Aydemir Umut , Somer Mehmet , Kircali Aslihan , Fässler Thomas F. , Hoffmann Stephan D.
Published: July 2007

Red‐orange prismatic crystals of Cs4Ge9·en (en = ethylenediamine) were obtained via metathesis reaction of an en solution of K4Ge9 with a large excess of CsI. The compound is very sensitive to air and moisture. Cs4Ge9·en is not isotypic to Rb4Ge9·en and crystallizes in a new structure type (monoclinic, space group P21/c (No. 14); a = 16.757(3), b = 16.462(3), c = 15.657(2) Å, β = 90.37(1)°; Z = 8; Pearson code mP200). The crystal structure comprises two types (A and B) of discrete [Ge9]4− units arranged in the motif of a distorted hexagonal close‐packing (h.c.p.). In this h.c.p. framework, each tetrahedral hole is filled by one Cs atom and each larger octahedral hole is filled by a group of one en and two Cs atoms. The topology of the two crystallographically distinct [Ge9]4− clusters corresponds to distorted, monocapped tetragonal antiprisms with bond lengths varying in the range 2.551–2.848Å (type A cluster) or in the range 2.538–2.975Å (less regular type B cluster). According to the DTA and TG measurements, Cs4Ge9·en decomposes at 378 K under liberation of gaseous ethylenediamine yielding Cs4Ge9. The Raman spectra of the title compound were interpreted based on the idealized C4ν symmetry of an isolated [Ge9]4− cluster. The characteristic breathing mode was localized at 222 cm−1. The results are analyzed and discussed in context with those of the previously reported compounds Cs4Ge9, K4Ge9 and Rb4Ge9·en.
A Convenient, Selective Synthesis of Bis[2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphane Derivatives Starting from 1,3‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene
Authors: Hoge Berthold , Kurscheid Boris , Peuker Sebastian , Tyrra Wieland , Fischer Hendrik T. M.
Published: July 2007

The reaction of the sterically shielded phosphane derivative, dichlorodiethylaminophosphane, Cl2PNEt2, with an excess of a mixture of 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl) and 2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl lithium gives bis[2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]diethylaminophosphane, [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3]2PNEt2, in 72 % yield as a colourless solid, while 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl lithium remains unchanged in solution. The amino derivative crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (a 869.2(1), b 1857.4(1), c 1357.6(1) pm, β 100.57(4)°, Z = 4).

Treatment of [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3]2PNEt2 in CHCl3 solution with conc. HCl allows the synthesis of [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3)]2PCl. [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3]2PCl reacts with H2O in THF solution with quantitative formation of the corresponding secondary phosphane oxide. To obtain bis[2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphinic acid, [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3]2P(O)OH, quantitatively, a CHCl3 solution of [2,4‐(CF3)2C6H3]2P(O)H, has to be stirred in an NO2 atmosphere. The phosphinic acid crystallizes is the triclinic space group $\rm P{\bar 1}$ (a 754.2(1), b 927.6(2), c 1305.5(2) pm, α 85.11(2)°, β 75.45(1)°, γ 79.99(2)°, Z = 2). From the reaction of the phosphinic acid with either elemental sodium or with cyanide salts, the corresponding phosphinate salts are obtained in an almost quantitatively yield.
Intermetallic Phases in the Ca‐Cu‐Sn System
Authors: Pani Marcella , Merlo Franco , Fornasini Maria L.
Published: July 2007

Twelve ternary alloys in the Ca‐Cu‐Sn system were synthesized as a test on the existing phases. They were prepared from the elements sealed under argon in Ta crucibles, melted in an induction furnace and annealed at 700 °C or 600 °C. Four ordered compounds were found: CaCuSn (YbAuSn type), Imm2, a = 4.597(1) Å, b = 22.027(2) Å, c = 7.939(1) Å, Z = 12, wR2 = 0.080, 1683 F2 values; Ca3Cu8Sn4 (Nd3Co8Sn4 type), P63mc, a = 9.125(1) Å, c = 7.728(1) Å, Z = 2, wR2 = 0.087, 704 F2 values; CaCu2Sn2 (new structure type), C2/m, a = 10.943(3) Å, b = 4.222(1) Å, c = 4.834(1) Å, β = 107.94(1)°, Z = 2, wR2 = 0.051, 343 F2 values; CaCu9Sn4 (LaFe9Si4 type), I4/mcm, a = 8.630(1) Å, c = 12.402(1) Å, Z = 4, wR2 = 0.047, 566 F2 values. In all phases the shortest Cu‐Sn distances are in the range 2.59‐2.66Å, while the shortest Cu‐Cu distances are practically the same, 2.53‐2.54Å, except CaCuSn where no Cu‐Cu contacts occur.
Synthese von Y2O2(CN2) und Leuchtstoffeigenschaften von Y2O2(CN2):Eu
Authors: Sindlinger Jörg , Glaser Jochen , Bettentrup Helga , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen
Published: July 2007

Synthesis of Y2O2(CN2) and Luminescence Properties of Y2O2(CN2):Eu

Crystalline powders of the new compound Y2O2(CN2) were prepared by solid state reactions from different mixtures of YCl3/YOCl/Y2O3 and Li2(CN2) at temperatures between 620 °C and 650 °C. Structure refinements based on X‐ray powder diffraction revealed that trigonal Y2O2(CN2) crystallizes with a structure that is closely related to that of Y2O2S, whereas linear N‐C‐N units replace sulphur atoms in Y2O2S. In addition, a hexagonal polytype of Y2O2(CN2) was obtained in which a different stacking sequence of yttrium atoms creates a doubling of the c‐axis. Europium‐doped samples of Y2O2(CN2) were prepared and the luminescence properties of Y2O2(CN2):Eu are presented.
Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal and Structural Characterization of mer‐Triaquaorotatoquinoxaline Cadmium(II) Dihydrate
Authors: Yeşilel Okan Zafer , Paşaoğlu Hümeyra , Akdağ Kamber , Büyükgüngör Orhan
Published: July 2007

The new orotate complex of cadmium(II) with quinoxaline, mer‐[Cd(HOr)(H2O)3(QX)]·2H2O, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X–ray diffraction techniques. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group $P{\bar 1}$. The Cd2+ ion exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination by one bidentate orotate, one monodentate quinoxaline and three aqua ligands. The uncoordinated water molecules link the orotate, quinoxaline and aqua ligands via O–H···O, O–H···N hydrogen bonds. Thus, an extensive network of hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal structure and form an infinitive three dimensional lattice. The decomposition reaction takes place in the temperature range 20–700 °C in the static air atmosphere.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen des Zink‐Rhodiumborids Zn5Rh8B4 und der Lithium‐ Magnesium‐Rhodiumboride LixMg5−xRh8B4 (x = 1.1 und 0.5) und Li8Mg4Rh19B12
Authors: Hartung Hans , Schiffer Joachim , Nagelschmitz Ernst A. , Jung Walter
Published: July 2007

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Zinc Rhodium Boride Zn5Rh8B4 and the Lithium Magnesium Rhodium Borides LixMg5−xRh8B4 (x = 1.1 and 0.5) and Li8Mg4Rh19B12

The title compounds were prepared by reaction of the elemental components in metal ampoules under argon atmosphere (1100 °C, 7 d). In the case of Zn5Rh8B4 (orthorhombic, space group Cmmm, a = 8.467(2) Å, b = 16.787(3) Å, c = 2.846(1) Å, Z = 2) a BN crucible enclosed in a sealed tantalum container was used. The syntheses of LixMg5−xRh8B4 (orthorhombic, space group Cmmm, Z = 2, isotypic with Zn5Rh8B4, lattice constants for x = 1.1: a = 8.511(3) Å, b = 16.588(6) Å, c = 2.885(1) Å, and for x = 0.5: a = 8.613(1) Å, b = 16.949(3) Å, c = 2.9139(2) Å) and Li8Mg4Rh19B12 (orthorhombic, space group Pbam, a = 26.210(5) Å, b = 13.612(4) Å, c = 2.8530(5) Å, Z = 2) were carried out in tantalum crucibles enclosed in steel containers using lithium as a metal flux. The crystal structures were solved from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. In both structures Rh atoms reside at z = 0 and all non‐transition metal atoms at z = 1/2. Columns of Rh6B trigonal prisms running along the c‐axis are laterally connected to form three‐dimensional networks with channels of various cross sections containing Li‐, Mg‐, and Zn‐atoms, respectively. A very short Li‐Li distance of 2.29(7) Å is observed in Li8Mg4Rh19B12.
Synthese und Struktur von N,N,N‴,N‴‐Tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thioharnstoff) und Dimethanol‐bis(N,N,N‴,N‴‐tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thioureato))dicobalt(II)
Authors: Rodenstein Axel , Richter Rainer , Kirmse Reinhard
Published: July 2007

Synthesis and Structure of N,N,N‴,N‴‐Tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thiourea) and Dimethanol‐bis(N,N,N‴,N‴‐tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thioureato))dicobalt(II)

The synthesis and the crystal structure of the ligand N,N,N‴,N‴‐tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thiourea) and its CoII‐complex are reported. The ligand co‐ordinates quadridentately forming a di‐bischelate. The donor atoms O and S are arranged in cis‐position around the central CoII ions. In addition the co‐ordination geometry is determined by methanol molecules resulting in the co‐ordination number five. The complex crystallizes in the space group P1 (Z = 1) with two additional methanol molecules per formula unit. The free ligand crystallizes in the space group P1 (Z = 2) with one methanol molecule per formula unit. It shows the typical keto form of N‐acylthioureas with a protonated central N atom. The structures of both acylthiourea fragments come close to E,Z′‐configurations.
A Computational Study of [M(CF3)4]− (M = Cu, Ag, Au) and their Properties as Weakly Coordinating Anions
Authors: Preiss Ulrich , Krossing Ingo
Published: July 2007

The properties of the tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)‐coinage metallates(III) [M(CF3)4]− (M = Cu, Ag, Au) as Weakly Coordinating Anions (WCAs) have been investigated with quantum mechanical methods in order to quantitatively compare them to other, well‐known WCAs. Also, several new decomposition pathways have been studied. Overall the coinage metallates perform rather well and should be used more frequently in preparative chemistry.
Übergangsmetallionen in Iodostannaten: Die Kristallstrukturen von [Co(en)3]4[Sn3I12]I2 und $^{3}_{\infty}\rm [Co(en)_{4}SnI_{4}]$
Authors: Lode Christine , Krautscheid Harald
Published: July 2007

Transition Metal Ions in Iodostannates: the Crystal Structures of [Co(en)3]4[Sn3I12]I2 and $^{3}_{\infty}\rm [Co(en)_{4}SnI_{4}]$

Under solvothermal conditions SnI2 reacts with transition metal complex cations to form anionic iodostannates as well as neutral iodocomplexes with divalent tin. In the crystal lattice of [Co(en)3]4[Sn3I12]I2 (1, en = H2NCH2CH2NH2) isolated [Sn3I12]6− anions and additional non‐coordinating iodide ions are present. The charge is balanced by [Co(en)3]2+ cations. In contrast, in [Co(en)2SnI4] (2) [SnI4]2− chains are linked by Co(en)22+ groups to form a three dimensional network.

[Co(en)3]4[Sn3I12]I2 (1): a = 2180.44(8), b = 1354.41(5), c = 2630.53(10) pm, V = 7768.5(5)·106 pm3, space group Pbca.

[Co(en)2SnI4] (2): a = 1149.1(1), b = 1207.5(1), c = 1397.0(1) pm, α = 68.07(1), β = 68.26(1), γ = 85.83(1)°, V = 1665.2(7)·106 pm3, space group $P{\bar 1}$.
Das System Gd/Co/B: Darstellung und röntgenographische Charakterisierung von GdCo4B, Gd3Co11B4, GdCoB4 und GdCo12B6
Authors: Cordier Gerhard , Klemens Rita , Albert Barbara
Published: July 2007

The System Gd/Co/B: Preparation and Characterization by X‐ray Diffraction of GdCo4B, Gd3Co11B4, GdCoB4, and GdCo12B6

The compounds GdCo4B, Gd3Co11B4, GdCoB4, and GdCo12B6 were characterized by X‐ray investigations of single crystals. GdCo4B (P 6/mmm, a = 505.9(1) pm, c = 690.1(1) pm) crystallizes with the CeCo4B structure type; Gd3Co11B4 (P 6/mmm, a = 508.7(1) pm, c = 982.9(9) pm) with the Ce3Co11B4 stucture type; GdCo12B6 ($R{\bar 3}m$, a = 949.5(1) pm, c = 747.4(1) pm) with the SrNi12B6 structure type and GdCoB4 (P bam, a = 591.3(9) pm, b = 1145.1(6) pm, c = 346.2(3) pm) with the YbCoB4 structure type.
Structural Chemistry of Borophosphates, Metalloborophosphates, and Related Compounds
Authors: Ewald Bastian , Huang Ya‐Xi , Kniep Rüdiger
Published: July 2007

A concept for the classification of crystalline (metallo)borophosphates in terms of structural chemistry is proposed and the compounds known to date are classified in an overview. Similarities and differences with (alumo)silicates and Liebau's classification are discussed with respect to the observation that the different borate and phosphate complexes are not interconnected arbitrarily in borophosphates. By combination and extension of existing concepts for silicates and borates a hierarchical system based on oligomeric building units has been developed. The observed connection rules are rationalized and the strong influence of the composition on dimensionality and structural motifs of the formed anions is pointed out. Likewise the effect of OH groups is taken into account by grading anions according to the degree of protonation (ratio O:OH). A general distinction is made between tetrahedral and mixed coordinated borophosphates. Metalloborophosphates are treated separately as special cases of borophosphates. Finally, anion‐substituted compounds, border cases, and borate‐phosphates complete the overview.
Synthesis, Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Platinum(II), Palladium(II) and Copper(I) Halide Complexes with Pyrimidine‐phosphine Ligand
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Feng , Gan Xin , Xu Quan‐Qing , Chen Jian‐Hua , Yuan Mei , Fu Wen‐Fu
Published: July 2007

The reactions of pyrimidine‐phosphine ligand N‐[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]‐2‐pyrimidinamine (L) with various metal salts of PtII, PdII and CuI provide three new halide metal complexes, Pt2Cl4(μ‐L)2·2CH2Cl2 (1), Pd2Cl4(μ‐L)2 (2), and [Cu2(μ‐I)2L2]n (3). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies show that complexes 1 and 2 display a similar bimetallic twelve‐membered ring structure, while complex 3 consists of one‐dimensional polymeric chains, which are further connected into a 2‐D supramolecular framework through hydrogen bonds. In the binuclear complexes 1 and 2, the ligand L serves as a bridge with the N and P as coordination atoms, but in the polymeric complex 3, both bridging and chelating modes are adopted by the ligand. The spectroscopic properties of complexes 1‐3 as well as L have been investigated, in which complex 3 exhibits intense photoluminescence originating from intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) π→π* and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited states both in acetonitrile solution and solid state, respectively.
Alkene‐ and Alkyne‐substituted Methylimidazolium Bromides: Structural Effects and Physical Properties
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Drake Gregory , Hall Leslie , Hawkins Tommy , Rosander Michael
Published: July 2007

Several bromide salts composed of methylimidazolium cations possessing unsaturated sidechains (allyl‐, 3‐butenyl‐, propargyl‐, 2‐butynyl‐, and 2‐pentynyl‐) have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR, vibrational spectroscopy, DSC, and elemental analysis. Crystal structures of 1‐(2‐butynyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide, 1‐propargyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide and 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide, were determined.
From an Impurity to the Pure Compound – an Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Kienle Lorenz , Lukachuk M. , Duppel V. , Mattausch Hj. , Simon A.
Published: July 2007

The power of electron microscopy techniques for the determination of structure and composition of marginal byproducts is demonstrated for rare earth metal cluster compounds. Small amounts of the new phase Gd4GaI6 in samples with the nominal composition Gd7GaI12 could only be identified by a combined approach of EDX, electron diffraction and HRTEM. The structure of Gd4GaI6 can be assigned to the Y4BBr6‐type containing chains of Gd6 octahedra which are centered by Ga atoms. The results of the electron microscopy study initiated the synthesis of homogeneous samples of the new compound Gd4GaI6 by applying the correct ratio of the starting materials.
Synthesis, Structure, and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5
Authors: Rauscher Japheth F. , Kauzlarich Susan M. , Ikeda Teruyuki , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: July 2007

Zintl phase compounds with large unit cells and complex anionic structures such as Yb11Sb10 hold potential for being good thermoelectric materials. Single crystals of Ge‐doped Yb11Sb10 were synthesized using a molten Sn‐flux technique. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction data were obtained and resulted in a composition of Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5 which was verified by microprobe. Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5 is isostructural to Ho11Ge10, crystallizing in a body‐centered, tetragonal unit cell, space group I4/mmm, with Z = 4. The unit cell parameters of Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5 are a = 11.8813(4), c = 17.1276(13) Å with a volume of 2417.8(2) Å3. These parameters correlate well with the structural refinement of previously published Yb11Sb10. The structure consists of 16 isolated Sb3− anions, 8 $\rm Sb^{4-}_{2}$ dumbbells, 2 $\rm Sb^{4-}_{4}$ square planar rings and 44 Yb2+ cations. The Ge, doped in at 28 % occupancy, was found to be site specific, residing on the 2 $\rm Sb^{4-}_{4}$ square planar rings. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction is most consistent with the site that makes up the square ring being less than fully occupied. The doped compound is additionally characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. High temperature (300–1200 K) thermoelectric properties show that the doped compound has extremely low thermal conductivity (10–30 mW/cmK), lower than that of Yb11Sb10. Temperature dependent resistivity is consistent with a heavily doped semiconductor. Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5 shows p‐type behavior increasing from ∼22 μV/K at room temperature to ∼31 μV/K at 1140 K. The low value and the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient suggest that bipolar conduction produces a compensated Seebeck coefficient and consequently a low zT.
A S8‐like [Sb8]8− Zintl Anion in the Ammoniate [K17(Sb8)2(NH2)] · 17.5NH3
Authors: Reil Markus , Korber Nikolaus
Published: July 2007

The ammoniate [K17(Sb8)2(NH2)] · 17.5NH3 was synthesized by reduction of antimony with potassium in liquid ammonia. Single crystals were isolated and characterized by low temperature X‐ray structure analysis. [K17(Sb8)2(NH2)] · 17.5NH3 crystallizes in the space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 12.976(1) Å, b = 24.536(1) Å, c = 22.858(1) Å and β = 99.17(1)°. The ammoniate contains crown‐shaped [Sb8]8− Zintl anions which are analogous to S8 rings. The presence of amide NH2− as an additional anion is deduced from coordination observations and the close similarity of structural features to the structure of KNH2.
Melengestrol acetate implant contraception in addax (Addax Nasomaculatus) and Arabian oryx (Oryx Leucoryx)
Authors: Hall‐Woods Monica L. , Bauman Karen L. , Bauman Joan E. , Fischer Martha , Houston E. William , Asa Cheryl S.
Published: July 2007

Melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants were used for contraception in three addax and three Arabian oryx females housed at the Saint Louis Zoo. Serum estradiol and progesterone or fecal estrogen and progestin analysis and ultrasonography of reproductive tracts were used for monitoring changes before, during, and after MGA treatment. Follicular development and irregular uterine fluid accumulation were detected in all females during MGA treatment. Although housed with an intact male for all or most of the contraceptive period, no pregnancies occurred.

One female addax may have ovulated, based on sustained elevated progesterone levels, and another showed continued follicle development, as seen by fluctuating estradiol concentrations. Reversibility was documented in two of the three addax that resumed reproductive cycles post‐MGA‐implant removal, whereas the third, a peripubertal female, did not cycle before, during, or after treatment. Addax females were lost to further follow‐up after transfer to another institution, so the possibility of subsequent pregnancies is not known.

All three Arabian oryx ovulated during the initial MGA treatment, but two of the three females had implants past the typical 2‐year efficacy period. They had regular ovulatory cycles after implant removal, with mean cycle length of 27.5±1.5 days and mean luteal phase duration of 15.2±0.7 days. Reversibility was further shown in all three oryx by pregnancies after placement with a male approximately 2 years after MGA implant removal. Two produced healthy calves, but the third died owing to an unrelated terminal illness in the mother. Zoo Biol 26:299–310, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of rearing method on social behaviors of mentored, captive‐reared juvenile California condors
Authors: Utt Amy C. , Harvey Nancy C. , Hayes William K. , Carter Ronald L.
Published: July 2007

Puppet‐reared and parent‐reared captive‐bred California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) juveniles were studied before their release into the wild. Behavioral data were collected during social interactions within two cohorts of juveniles (N = 11) and their adult mentors (N = 5). The purposes of this study were to (1) document the social behaviors of mentored juvenile California condors, and (2) compare social behaviors for two different rearing methods (puppet‐reared versus parent‐reared) during two phases of the mentoring process (San Diego Wild Animal Park versus release sites). Of the 17 behaviors examined by 2 × 2 analyses of variance (ANOVAs), two significant interactions between the rearing method and mentoring phase were found: pulls feathers and feeds alone. For both behaviors, parent‐reared condors engaged in these activities more often at the zoo and less often at the release pens than did the puppet‐reared condors. The main effect of rearing was also significant for two behaviors: near others, and receives contact aggression from other. Parent‐reared birds were more likely to be near another bird and receive contact aggression, regardless of mentoring phase, than puppet‐reared birds. The effect size for 16 of the 17 behaviors was greater for the rearing method than for mentoring phase. Rearing method differences may persist long‐term, as parent‐reared adult mentors were significantly more aggressive than puppet‐reared adult mentors. Dominance relations were examined for both cohorts, with the first cohort exhibiting a strong linear relationship (h′ = 0.86, P = 0.018), whereas the second cohort exhibited a moderate but non‐significant linear hierarchy (h′ = 0.63, P = 0.21). The rearing method had no effect on dominance among the juveniles, but adults were probably dominant to juveniles (P = 0.052; the difference was nearly significant). Although social behaviors between the two rearing groups were similar in most respects, this study is the first to document measurable differences between puppet‐ and parent‐reared captive‐bred California condor juveniles. Zoo Biol 27:1–18, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Multifocal Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Machens Andreas , Hauptmann Steffen , Dralle Henning
Published: July 2007

Background

In sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancer, tumor multifocality may constitute an independent risk factor of lymph node metastasis on top of primary tumor size when the diameter of the largest primary tumor is the same.

Methods

Included in this institutional cohort study were 232 consecutive patients operated on at our institution for hitherto untreated medullary thyroid cancer. Associations of clinicopathologic variables with lymph node metastasis were investigated simultaneously using multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

On univariate analysis, multifocal cancers developed lymph node metastases significantly more often (p≤ 0.005) than unifocal cancers, in both the sporadic (90% vs. 41%) and the hereditary setting (48% vs. 14%). On multivariate Cox regression analysis on lymph node metastasis as a function of primary tumor diameter, only multifocal (vs. unifocal) tumor growth was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5;p= 0.01). When multifocal growth was removed as an independent variable from the Cox model, heredity became the only significant predictor (OR = 3.1;p< 0.0001).

Conclusion

The excess risk of lymph node metastasis of 34%‐49% in multifocal medullary thyroid cancer seems to be caused by concurrent smaller thyroid cancers. A diagnosis of more than one medullary thyroid cancer signifies a higher risk of lymph node metastasis, warranting systematic lymph node dissection.
Hepatocellular Glycogen in Alleviation of Liver Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury During Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Tang LiJun , Tian FuZhou , Tao Wang , Cui JianFeng
Published: July 2007

Background

Temporary occlusion of liver blood supply for complex liver operation is common in liver surgery. However, hepatic vascular occlusion will undoubtedly impair liver function. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of hepatocellular glycogen in alleviation of liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury during hepatic vascular occlusion for partial hepatectomy.

Methods

Fifty‐seven patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 29) and a control group (n = 28). In the experimental group, patients were given high‐concentration glucose intravenously during 24 h before the operation. The hepatic lesion was resected after portal triad clamping in the two groups. Noncancer liver tissue was biopsied to measure hepatic tissue ATP content and change of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Liver function of all patients was assessed by using an automatic biochemical analysis apparatus before the operation and the first and fifth days after operation.

Results

The mean hepatic vascular occlusion time in the experimental group was 19.21 ± 4.54 min and in the control group it was 21.04 ± 5.11 min. Hepatic tissue ATP content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (2.15 ± 0.39 μmol/g wet tissue vs. 1.33 ± 0.44, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1‐h reperfusion (2.19 ± 0.29 μmol/g wet tissue vs. 1.57 ± 0.35, p < 0.01). There was significant difference in SOD activity between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (130.69 ± 30.49 NU/mg pr vs. 97.83 ± 26.23, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1‐h reperfusion (139.55 ± 39.88 NU/mg pr vs. 114.74 ± 25.93, p < 0.01). Significant difference was shown in MDA content between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion (3.02 ± 0.30 nmol/mg pr vs. 3.99 ± 0.49, p < 0.01) and at the point of 1‐h reperfusion (3.81 ± 0.69 nmol/mg pr vs. 5.75 ± 1.17, p < 0.01). In addition, the liver function of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group the first and fifth days after the operation (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Abundant intracellular glycogen may reduce liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury caused by hepatic vascular occlusion. It is beneficial to give a large amount of glucose before a complex liver operation during which temporary occlusion of hepatic blood flow is necessary.
Surgical Treatment of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: The Choice of Procedure Matters!
Authors: Schlosser Katja , Endres Nadine , Celik Ilhan , Fendrich Volker , Rothmund M. , Fernández E. Domínguez
Published: July 2007

Background

Parathyroid surgery (PTX) in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT) may endanger the long‐term survival of transplanted renal grafts. The mechanism by which graft function deteriorates is unknown. We reviewed our experience in regard to the operative procedures and postoperative outcome.

Methods

Sixty‐nine patients were operated on for tHPT between 1987 and 2006 at our institution. Serum (s) calcium, s‐creatinine, and levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured before and after PTX. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Results

The entire patient group developed a deterioration of kidney graft function after PTX. Nineteen of 69 patients developed a decrease in GFR of more than 20% during the hospital stay, persisting for more than one year after PTX. Ten of them had to restart dialysis during the first year after PTX. Mean preoperative s‐creatinine was 4.4 ± 0.6 mg/dl in these patients. When divided according to the surgical procedure performed, only the subgroup who underwent total parathyroidectomy showed a significant worsening of graft function when compared to subtotal or reoperative PTX.

Conclusions

PTX is an efficient way to treat tHPT but represents a risk for impairing graft function, especially for patients that already demonstrate poor kidney function at the time of surgery. In the aim to prevent transient hypoparathyroidism, which may provoke reduced graft perfusion, as one possible cause of kidney graft deterioration associated with PTX, one should consider subtotal instead of total parathyroidectomy.
Extramammary Paget’s Disease in Chinese Males: A 21‐year Experience
Authors: Chiu Tor W. , Wong Pauline S. Y. , Ahmed Kawser , Lam Stephanie C. K. , Ying Shun Y. , Burd Andrew
Published: July 2007

Background

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare disease in Chinese males. Our objectives were to examine the results of our experience, to correlate them with the published literature, and thus to formulate improved management guidelines.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of all male patients with EMPD treated at our institution. We reviewed the patients and their case notes for data such as presenting symptoms, delay to diagnosis, incidence of concurrent malignancies, treatments given, and a variety of outcome measures, including the number of patients with recurrent or residual disease.

Results

The overall recurrence rate was 35%. The risk of recurrence was reduced if intraoperative frozen section analysis was used (25%) compared to simple wide local excision (60%). Wide local excision failed to excise the disease completely in 38%. There were no associated internal malignancies and no disease‐related deaths in our sample.

Conclusions

We recommend intraoperative frozen sections to reduce the risk of incomplete resection and to reduce the rate of recurrence. In our population, screening for internal malignancies can be restricted to select patients, e.g., those with perianal disease, those with invasive disease, and young patients.
Effects of a multimodal activation program (SimA-P) in residents of nursing homes
Authors: Oswald W. D. , Gunzelmann T. , Ackermann A.
Published: July 2007

Is it possible to maintain or even enhance functional and cognitive independence in residents of nursing homes? Little is known about the potentials and limits of therapeutic methods designed to maintain independence in elderly people already in need of residential nursing care. The aim of the “Rehabilitation in Nursing Homes” research project was to determine the practicability and effectiveness of a rehabilitative approach targeting residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the activation program were to maintain and enhance residents’ cognitive and functional autonomy. Data on psychological, functional, and medical variables were obtained from a sample of 294 nursing home residents (age range = 70–99 years) at three points of measurement over a 12-month period. The intervention approach draws on the theoretical and practical findings of the SimA Study (“Bedingungen der Erhaltung und Förderung von Selbstständigkeit im höheren Lebensalter,” “conditions on maintaining and supporting independent living in old age”; Oswald et al., Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:61–84, 2002, Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:13–31, 2002) and incorporates the results of recent therapeutic and rehabilitative studies in the fields of geriatrics and gerontopsychiatry. The intervention involves a combined program of cognitive and physical activation. An alternative program based on biographical information was designed specifically for residents with dementia. Results show that the intervention had significant effects on cognitive and functional parameters. Moreover, transfer effects were observed with respect to activities of daily living and frequency of falls.
Supplementation with Commercial Mixtures of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Association with Vitamin E and the Process of Lipid Autoxidation in Rats
Authors: Santos‐Zago Lilia Ferreira , Botelho Adriana Prais , de Oliveira Admar Costa
Published: July 2007

CLA has been studied for its beneficial effects on health. However, the possibility of adverse effects, such as increased oxidative stress, must also be considered. The present work aims to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on the process of lipid autoxidation, both in the presence and in absence of an antioxidant. The investigation consisted in a biological assay with 60 rats divided into six groups: C (control), CE (control + vitamin E), AE (AdvantEdge®CLA), AEE (AdvantEdge®CLA + Vitamin E), CO (CLA One®) and COE (CLA One® + vitamin E). The CLA amount was 2% of feed consumption. Animals were supplemented for 42 days. As indicators of lipid autoxidation, peroxide (IP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8‐iso‐PGF2α isoprostane and catalase were determined. Hepatic IP results indicated that CLA increased oxidation: values for CLA‐supplemented groups, particularly group CO (84.38 ± 10.97 mequiv/kg), were higher than those of the control group (54.75 ± 9.70 mequiv/kg). In contrast, serum MDA results showed that CLA reduces oxidation both for group AE (1.8 ± 0.67 mg of MDA/l) and for group CO (2.43 ± 0.61 mg of MDA/l) as compared to the control group (3.85 ± 0.24 mg of MDA/l). Serum catalase indicated a reduction of oxidation: groups AE and CO displayed 4734.23 ± 1078.93 kU/l and 5916.06 ± 2490.71 kU/l, respectively. These values are significantly lower than those of the control group. An increase in 8‐iso‐PGF2α in urine was observed, particularly in group AE (95.13 ± 20.26 pg/ml) as compared to the control group (69.46 ± 16.65 pg/ml). It was concluded that the influence of CLA on lipid autoxidation is dependent on supplement type, supplement dosage and chosen indicator, including its tissue and determination methodology.
Levosimendan allows detection of contractile reserve in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction and non‐diagnostic dobutamine echocardiography
Authors: Cianfrocca Cinzia , Pelliccia Francesco , Auriti Antonio , Guido Vincenzo , Pasceri Vincenzo , Li Xue , Richichi Giuseppe , Mercuro Giuseppe , Santini Massimo
Published: July 2007

Background:

Dobutamine echocardiography is commonly used to detect contractile reserve in ischaemic left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, although its sensitivity and specificity are not optimal. We tested the hypothesis that echocardiography with levosimendan could identify contractile reserve in patients with a non‐diagnostic dobutamine test.

Methods:

Twenty‐two patients with LV ejection fraction <40% and non‐diagnostic dobutamine echocardiography underwent levosimendan challenge (24 μg/kg in 10 min) prior to coronary angioplasty or surgery.

Results:

Contractile reserve was identified by levosimendan in 10 patients (Gr. A) but was not seen in 12 patients (Gr. B). With levosimendan, LV ejection fraction increased and wall motion score index decreased significantly in Gr. A, but only slightly in Gr. B. Similarly, mean mitral annular plane excursion and peak systolic mitral annular motion velocity increased significantly in Gr. A only. Six months after revascularisation, contractile reserve was seen in 8/10 Gr. A patients but in only 2/12 Gr. B patients (80= vs 17=, p=0.011). LV ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mean mitral annular plane excursion and peak systolic mitral annular motion velocity were significantly higher in Gr. A than in Gr. B.

Conclusion:

Levosimendan echocardiography can identify contractile reserve in a sizeable proportion of patients with chronic ischaemic LV dysfunction and a non‐diagnostic dobutamine test.
Lifestyle changes and clinical profile in coronary heart disease patients with an ejection fraction of ≤40% or >40% in the Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration Project
Authors: Pischke Claudia R. , Weidner Gerdi , Elliott‐Eller Melanie , Ornish Dean
Published: July 2007

Background:

Lifestyle changes are recommended for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients at risk for heart failure (HF) [ACC/AHA stage B; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40%]. However, it is not clear whether changes in lifestyle are feasible and beneficial in these patients.

Aim:

To investigate the feasibility of intensive lifestyle changes for CHD patients at risk for HF.

Methods:

We compared 50 patients (18% female) with angiographically documented LVEF≤40% (mean=33.4±7.3; range: 15–40%) to 186 patients (18% female) with LVEF>40% (mean=58.2±9.6; range: 42–87%), who were participants in the Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration Project (MLDP). All were non‐smoking CHD patients. The MLDP was a community‐based, insurance‐sponsored intervention (low‐fat, plant‐based diet; exercise; stress management) implemented at 8 sites in the US. Coronary risk factors, lifestyle and quality of life (SF‐36) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 12 months.

Results:

Regardless of LVEF, patients showed significant improvements (all p<.05) in lifestyle behaviours, body weight, body fat, blood pressure, resting heart rate, total and LDL‐cholesterol, exercise capacity, and quality of life by 3 months; most improvements were maintained over 12 months.

Conclusion:

CHD patients at risk for heart failure with an LVEF≤40%, can make changes in lifestyle to achieve similar medical and psychosocial benefit to patients with an LVEF>40%.
Arabidopsis thaliana inositol 1,3,4‐trisphosphate 5/6‐kinase 4 (AtITPK4) is an outlier to a family of ATP‐grasp fold proteins from Arabidopsis
Authors: Sweetman Dylan , Stavridou Ioanna , Johnson Sue , Green Porntip , Caddick Samuel E.K. , Brearley Charles A.
Published: July 2007

The Arabidopsis genome encodes a family of inositol 1,3,4‐trisphosphate 5/6‐kinases which form a subgroup of a larger group of ATP‐grasp fold proteins. An analysis of the inositol 1,3,4‐trisphosphate 5/6‐kinase family might, ultimately, be best rewarded by detailed comparison of related enzymes in a single genome. The enzyme encoded by At2G43980, AtITPK4; is an outlier to its family. At2G43980 is expressed in male and female organs of young and mature flowers. AtITPK4 differs from other family members in that it does not display inositol 3,4,5,6‐tetrakisphosphate 1‐kinase activity; rather, it displays inositol 1,4,5,6‐tetrakisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate isomerase activity.