bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directed growth characteristics and optoelectronic properties of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods and urchins
Authors: Bayan S. , Mohanta D.
Published: July 2010

Inexpensive fabrication of europium (Eu3+)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, nanorods, and urchin systems obtained by rapid thermal annealing is being reported. The polyvinyl alcohol films containing a reactant mixture [Zn(CH3COO)2, Eu(CH3COO)3, and NaOH] were casted on Al-foils followed by thermal annealing at 80, 300, and 650 °C. Gradual change-over from spherically symmetric nanoparticles to nanorods along with urchin like structures are obtained under different annealing environment. The nanorods and urchins are expected to have grown as a result of spontaneous decomposition of Zn(OH)2 followed by unidirectional growth. The nanorods are dislodged from the regular urchin structures at a high annealing temperature of 650 °C because of the loss of the crystalline substrate support. The as-received ZnO products possessed hexagonal wurtzite structure for all the annealing cases-as evident from the x-ray diffraction patterns. The photoluminescence study on the samples has revealed dominant defect related emissions compared to the near band edge emission. The band edge emission (∼382 nm) is recovered in the urchin systems whereas Eu3+ related transitions observed at ∼591 nm (D50→F71) and ∼613 nm (D50→F72) remained intact with structural modification.
Coupling of single InGaAs quantum dots to the plasmon resonance of a metal nanocrystal
Authors: Urbańczyk A. , Hamhuis G. J. , Nötzel R.
Published: July 2010

The authors report the coupling of single InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) to the surface plasmon resonance of a metal nanocrystal. Clear enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) in the spectral region of the surface plasmon resonance is observed which splits up into distinct emission lines from single QDs in micro-PL. The hybrid metal-semiconductor structure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100) utilizing the concept of self-organized anisotropic strain engineering for realizing ordered arrays with nanometer-scale precise positioning of the metal nanocrystals with respect to the QDs.
Proposal for a ferromagnetic multiwell spin oscillator
Authors: Ertler Christian , Pötz Walter , Fabian Jaroslav
Published: July 2010

The highly nonlinear coupling of transport and magnetic properties in a multiwell heterostructure, which comprises ferromagnetic quantum wells made of diluted magnetic semiconductors, is theoretically investigated. The interplay of resonant tunneling and carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in the magnetic wells induces very robust, self-sustained current and magnetization oscillations. Over a large window of steady bias voltages the spin polarization of the collector current is oscillating between positive and negative values, realizing a spin oscillator device.
Mediating distribution of magnetic Co ions by Cr-codoping in (Co,Cr): ZnO thin films
Authors: Yan Wensheng , Sun Zhihu , Liu Qinghua , Yao Tao , Jiang Qinghua , Hu Fengchun , Li Yuanyuan , He Jingfu , Peng Yanhua , Wei Shiqiang
Published: July 2010

The control over the distribution of magnetic ions in a host is crucial for the functionality of magnetically doped semiconductors. Herein, (Co,Cr)-codoped ZnO shows a possibility of Cr-codoping engineering in mediating the distribution of magnetic Co ions via manipulating the charge state of the Co ions. The x-ray absorption fine structure analyses at Co K-edge indicate that a secondary phase of metallic Co clusters is formed in the Zn0.92Co0.08O film. However, Cr-codoping suppresses the formation of Co clusters, so that all doped Co ions occupy the substitutional sites in ZnO. The ability of Cr in mediating Co distribution, as revealed by first-principles calculations, arises from the strong hybridization between the Co 3d states and the donor band induced by substitutional Cr ions, which facilitates the charge transfer from the donor band to the Co 3d states, changes the charge state of Co ions and modifies the electrostatic interactions among Co ions.
The side population, as a precursor of Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells and a target for nuclear factor‐κB inhibitors in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Nakashima Makoto , Ishii Yumiko , Watanabe Mariko , Togano Tomiteru , Umezawa Kazuo , Higashihara Masaaki , Watanabe Toshiki , Horie Ryouichi
Published: July 2010

Although disturbed cytokinesis of mononuclear Hodgkin (H) cells is thought to generate Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells, differentiation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) cells is not fully understood. Recent studies indicate that cells found in a side population (SP) share characteristics of cancer stem cells. In this study we identified an SP in the HL cell lines, KMH2 and L428. This SP almost entirely consists of distinct small mononuclear cells, whereas the non‐SP is a mixture of relatively large cells with H or RS cell‐like morphology. Culture of the small mononuclear cells in the SP from KMH2 generated a non‐SP. Single cell culture of the SP cells generated large cells with H or RS cell‐like morphology. We found that CD30 overexpression and constitutive nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity, both of which are characteristics of HL cells, are shared between the SP and non‐SP cells for both KMH2 and L428. Inhibition of NF‐κB induced apoptosis in both fractions, whereas the SP cells were resistant to a conventional chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. The results show that HL cell lines contain an SP, that is enriched for distinct small mononuclear cells and generates larger cells with H and RS cell‐like morphology. The results also stress the significance of NF‐κB inhibition for eradication of HL cells. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2490–2496)
Increased oesophageal acid exposure at the beginning of the recumbent period is primarily a recumbent‐awake phenomenon
Authors: Allen L. , Poh C. H. , Gasiorowska A. , Malagon I. , Navarro‐Rodriguez T. , Cui H. , Powers J. , Moty B. , Willis M. R. , Ashpole N. , Quan S. F. , Fass R.
Published: July 2010

Background  A significant increase in oesophageal acid exposure during early recumbent period has been demonstrated.

Aim  To determine if acid reflux during the early recumbent period occurs in the recumbent‐asleep or recumbent‐awake period using a novel integrative actigraphy and pH programme.

Method  Thirty‐nine subjects with heartburn at least three times a week were included. Subjects underwent pH testing concomitantly with actigraphy. Simultaneously recorded actigraphy and pH data were incorporated using a novel integrative technique to determine sleep and awake periods. Characteristics of acid reflux were compared between the recumbent‐awake and recumbent‐asleep periods.

Results  Seventeen (44.7%) subjects had acid reflux events during recumbent‐awake period as compared to seven (18.4%) in the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (P = 0.046). The mean number of acid reflux events in recumbent‐awake period was significantly higher than in the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (8.1 ± 4.4 vs. 3.2 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). In the recumbent‐awake period, 38.4% of acid reflux events were associated with GERD‐related symptoms as compared with 3.7% of acid reflux events during the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (P = 0.01).

Conclusion  Increased acid reflux in the early recumbent period occurs primarily during the recumbent‐awake and not during the recumbent‐asleep period.
Interleukin‐7 enhances memory CD8+ T‐cell recall responses in health but its activity is impaired in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: O’Connor Alison M. , Crawley Angela M. , Angel Jonathan B.
Published: July 2010

Memory CD8+ T cells regain function during a recall response, but the requirement of signals in addition to antigen during a secondary immune response is unknown. In this study, the ability of interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) to enhance memory CD8+ CD45RA− CD127+ T‐cell responses in health and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was investigated. CD8+ T‐cell‐depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV− and untreated HIV+ donors were pulsed with a cytomegalovirus/Epstein–Barr virus/influenza (CEF) peptide pool, and co‐cultured with autologous memory CD8+ T cells in the presence of IL‐7. Cell survival and the function of memory CD8+ T‐cell subsets were then evaluated. Memory CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production was enhanced by the presence of antigen, and the addition of IL‐7 further enhanced antigen‐induced proliferation. In HIV+ individuals, the presence of antigen enhanced IFN‐γ production to a small degree but did not enhance proliferation. Lastly, IL‐7 did not enhance antigen‐mediated proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals. IL‐7 therefore appears to have a role in secondary immune responses and its activity is impaired in memory CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals. These results further our understanding of the signals involved in secondary immune responses, and provide new insight into the loss of CD8+ T‐cell function in HIV infection.
How do COPD and healthy‐lung patients tolerate the reduced volume ventilation strategy during OLV ventilation.
Authors: MICHELET P. , BLAYAC D. , VINCENT A. , D'JOURNO X.‐B. , PERRIN G. , BADIER M. , THOMAS P. , BRÉGEON F.
Published: July 2010

Background: Although a strategy of tidal volume (Vt) reduction during the one‐lung ventilation (OLV) period is advised in thoracic surgery, the influence of the pre‐operative respiratory status on the tolerance of this strategy remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary function between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy‐lung patients during the operative and the post‐operative period.

Methods: Forty‐eight patients undergoing a planned lobectomy for cancer and presenting either a healthy lung function (n=24) or a moderate COPD stage (n=24) were ventilated without external positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) and received 9 ml/kg Vt during the two‐lung ventilation (TLV) period, secondary reduced to 6 ml/kg during the OLV period. Lung function was assessed by peroperative gas exchange, venous admixture, respiratory mechanical parameters and post‐operative spirometric measurements.

Results: Although the PaO2 was superior in the healthy‐lung group during the TLV, once the OLV was established, no difference was observed between the two groups. Moreover, the PaO2/FiO2 was proportionally more impaired in the healthy‐lung group compared with the COPD group (50 ± 13 vs. 72 ± 19% of the baseline values after exclusion and 32 ± 15 vs. 51 ± 25% after the thoracotomy, P<0.05 for each) as well as the venous admixture. In the post‐operative period, a higher decrease was observed in the healthy‐lung group for the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume.

Conclusions: Reducing Vt to 6 ml/kg without the adjunction of external PEEP during OLV is associated with better preservation of lung function in the case of moderate COPD than in the case of healthy‐lung status.
Clinical study on pulmonary diffusion function in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: HUO Yan Miao , HUA Rong , CHEN Wei , SUN Yong Wei
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the influence of chronic liver disease (CLD) on pulmonary diffusion function.

METHODS:  Arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function test, contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography and technetium macro‐aggregated albumin scanning were performed in 50 cirrhotic patients who underwent surgery on portal hypertension and liver transplantation. The severity of chronic liver disease (CLD) was evaluated by Child–Pugh–Turcotte (CPT) categorization and model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score from October 2008 to July 2009 in our surgical department and organ transplantation center.

RESULTS:  A‐aDO2 was increased with the aggravation of liver dysfunction. The pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) differed significantly among the three groups, which was (90.8 ± 7.3)% in CPT A group, (82.8 ± 10.8)% in CPT B group, and (73.5 ± 8.3)% in CPT C group. A‐aDO2 correlated positively with CPT (r= 0.581, P= 0.000) as well as the MELD score (r= 0.696, P= 0.000), whereas DLCO was negatively correlated with CPT (r=−0.630, P= 0.000) and the MELD score (r=−0.708, P= 0.000).

CONCLUSION:  DLCO can be useful in the detection of pulmonary vascular abnormality of CLD. The MELD score may be a better criterion than the CPT score in assessing intrapulmonary vascular damage of CLD patients.
An analysis of the efficacy and safety of a strategy of early precut for biliary access during difficult endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a general hospital
Authors: ANG Tiing Leong , KWEK Andrew Boon Eu , LIM Kieron Boon Leng , TEO Eng Kiong , FOCK Kwong Ming
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  The use of early precut during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is controversial because of its association with a higher risk of complications. This study examined the efficacy and safety of a strategy of early precut for biliary access during difficult ERCP in a general hospital.

METHODS:  Data from January 2007 to June 2009 were reviewed. Criteria for performing early precut were: (i) inadvertent guidewire cannulation of pancreatic duct on three occasions; (ii) biliary stone impacted at papilla; (iii) inability to achieve deep cannulation within 10 min. Study exclusion criteria were: (i) the inability to visualize the papilla because of anatomical distortions; (ii) complete tumour occlusion of distal bile duct; (iii) failure to adhere to inclusion criteria. The efficacy and safety of this strategy of early precut for biliary access was analyzed.

RESULTS:  A total of 765 ERCP cases were analyzed. A precut was performed in 55 out of 765 cases (7.2%). There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender and diagnoses between the precut and no precut groups. After precut immediate biliary cannulation was achieved in 89% of patients and this increased to 98.2% with a repeat ERCP. The overall complication rate after ERCP was 2.1% (bleeding: 0.7%; pancreatitis: 1.3%; perforation: 0.3%). The only complication after the precut was pancreatitis, and this was not significantly different from the group without a precut (1.8 vs 1.3%).

CONCLUSION:  The strategy of early precut for biliary access was safe and effective.
Fat’s Mixed Messages
Authors: Kiberstis Paula A.
Published: July 2010

Fat cells secrete an anti-inflammatory factor that has beneficial effects on metabolic health.
Limitation of the diagnostic effort in paediatrics
Authors: Martínez González Carmen
Published: July 2010

The principle objective of a diagnosis is not to categorise symptoms, or group a combination of signs or clinical symptoms in a coherent way, but to cure a patient or improve their quality of life. Diagnoses that are technically correct, but do not seek this objective may become unnecessary labels which convert healthy people, or those who do not consider themselves to be sick, into patients. We propose alimitation of the diagnostic effortin order to reduce the iatrogenic consequences of these unnecessary labels or diagnoses, a new imperative which, in Kantian terms, can be expressed as: examine and treat your patients in such a way that, at the very least, the effects of your actions always improve the quality of their lives.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF COUPLED STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE
Authors: SHEN ZHONGWEI , ZHOU SHENGFAN , HAN XIAOYING
Published: July 2010

We consider the synchronization of solutions to coupled systems of the conjugate random ordinary differential equations (RODEs) for the N-Stratronovich stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) with linear multiplicative noise (N ∈ ℕ). We consider the synchronization between two solutions and among different components of solutions under one-sided dissipative Lipschitz conditions. We first show that the random dynamical system generated by the solution of the coupled RODEs has a singleton sets random attractor which implies the synchronization of any two solutions. Moreover, the singleton sets random attractor determines a stationary stochastic solution of the equivalently coupled SODEs. Then we show that any solution of the RODEs converge to a solution of the averaged RODE within any finite time interval as the coupled coefficient tends to infinity. Our results generalize the work of two Stratronovich SODEs in [9].
Comparative Effectiveness of ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Regionalization Strategies
Authors: Concannon Thomas W. , Kent David M. , Normand Sharon-Lise , Newhouse Joseph P. , Griffith John L. , Cohen Joshua , Beshansky Joni R. , Wong John B. , Aversano Thomas , Selker Harry P.
Published: July 2010

Background—

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective on average than fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Yet, most US hospitals are not equipped for PCI, and fibrinolytic therapy is still widely used. This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction regionalization strategies to increase the use of PCI against standard emergency transport and care.

Methods and Results—

We estimated incremental treatment costs and quality-adjusted life expectancies of 2000 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who received PCI or fibrinolytic therapy in simulations of emergency care in a regional hospital system. To increase access to PCI across the system, we compared a base case strategy with 12 hospital-based strategies of building new PCI laboratories or extending the hours of existing laboratories and 1 emergency medical services–based strategy of transporting all patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction to existing PCI-capable hospitals. The base case resulted in 609 (95% CI, 569–647) patients getting PCI. Hospital-based strategies increased the number of patients receiving PCI, the costs of care, and quality-adjusted life years saved and were cost-effective under a variety of conditions. An emergency medical services–based strategy of transporting every patient to an existing PCI facility was less costly and more effective than all hospital expansion options.

Conclusion—

Our results suggest that new construction and staffing of PCI laboratories may not be warranted if an emergency medical services strategy is both available and feasible.
Tighter Financial Regulation and its Impact on Global Growth
Authors: Barrell Ray , Holland Dawn , Karim Dilruba
Published: July 2010

The financial crisis that started in mid-2007 enveloped the world economy and caused a serious recession in most OECD countries. It is widely believed that it has also left a scar on potential output because it will have raised perceptions of risk and hence reduced the sustainable capital stock people wish to hold. It is inevitable that policymakers should ask what can be done to reduce the chances of this happening again, and it is equally inevitable that the banks would answer that it is too costly to do anything. There are four questions one must answer before it is possible to undertake a cost-benefit analysis of bank regulation. The first involves asking what are the costs of financial crises? The second involves asking what are the costs of financial regulation? The third involves asking what causes crises? The fourth, and perhaps the most important, involves asking whether regulators can do anything to reduce the risk of crises? Our overall approach to these issues is spelled out in a report written for the FSA in the aftermath of the crisis (see Barrell et al., 2009).
Availability of Phosphate Carriers to Small Grains and Subsequent Clover in Relation To: II. Concurrent Soil Amendments1
Authors: Olson R. A. , Dreier A. F. , Lowrey G. W. , Flowerday A. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Ammonium‐N in contact with fertilizer P increased P uptake by wheat and oats with super‐ and metaphosphates. Potassium had no appreciable influence on P uptake. Liming acid soils reduced the effectiveness of most phosphate carriers to oats, but increased slightly their residual value for sweetclover. Sulfur addition to calcareous soils had little influence on carrier utilization by oats but caused somewhat greater uptake of all carriers by subsequent clover
Border Effects in Cotton Variety Tests1
Authors: Green John M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In 3‐year dry land tests at 3 locations in Oklahoma, significant or highly significant differences in yield of 2 test varieties resulted from border effects in 4 of the 9 tests. Differences in yield of the 2 varieties averaged over all borders were highly significant in 5 of the 9 tests. No significant border ✕ variety interaction indicated similar reaction of test varieties to borders. On the basis of these results, Oklahoma variety tests are planted with 4‐row plots, the center 2 harvested for yield.
Legume Top and Root Yields in the Year of Seeding and Subsequent Barley Yield1
Authors: Kroontje W. , Kehr W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Various management practices were found to have the following effects: no significant difference in forage and root yields among 6 alfalfa varieties and between hardy and non‐hardy varieties; forage production of Hubam and Madrid sweetclovers were equal; and Madison and Hairy vetch similar in forage, root, and total N production. Barley yields following alfalfas and Hubam sweetclover were similar; Madrid depressed barley yields; and the vetches were superior to all legumes in effect on barley yield.
Effect of Plant Population and Rates of Fertilizer Nitrogen on Average Weight of Ears and Yield of Corn in the South1
Authors: Thomas Winfred
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

On Dewey silt loam (pH 6.8, high in available P and exchangeable K) average ear weight of corn decreased from 7.6 ounces at plant population of 6,000 to 6.4 and 4.8 for populations of 12,000 and 18,000 respectively. N fertilizer significantly increased corn yield, but with little or no increase above 40 pounds per acre with any plant population. The 12,000‐populations showed overall increases, including no nitrogen treatment, of 10.3 and 13.8 bushels per acre over the 18,000 and 6,000 plant populations.
Exotic Sources of Known Types of Smut Resistance in Wheat Varieties1
Authors: Holton C. S. , Kendrick E. L. , Elliott F. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

New sources of smut resistance are reported as follows: Ridit type—in a durum wheat from Tunis; M2— in 3 spring wheat introductions from Australia, and 1 from Argentina; Martin type—in 3 hybrid selections. Four additional, and possibly new, reaction types are listed.
Tar Spot of Korean Lespedeza Caused by Phyllachora Sp.: Losses in Yield and Differential Susceptibility of Strains1
Authors: Hanson C. H. , Cope W. A. , Allison J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Attention is called to the occurrence of tar spot on Korean lespedeza and to the need for its consideration in breeding programs. The 34 F5 selections studied differed widely in reaction. The 6 lines in the most susceptible class suffered severe defoliation and premature ripening, and yielded only 30% as much seed as the 4 lines in the most resistant class. In this test the disease did not occur sufficiently early to greatly affect hay yield.
A Cytogenetical Analysis of Reactions to Wheat Streak‐mosaic Virus in Certain Agrotricum Hybrids1
Authors: Swarup Vishnu , McCracken Elizabeth U. , Sill Webster H. , Schmidt John W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The local lesion type of resistance to wheat streak‐mosaic virus exhibited by an intermediate type Agrotricum (2 n = 56) is conditioned by factors located on one or more chromosomes non‐homologous to common wheat (2n = 42), chromosomes. Therefore, the transfer of this type of resistance from the Agrotricum hybrid to common wheat would appear to be most difficult at least with the particular Agrotricum strain used.
The Relationship of Stand to Panicles Per Plant and Per Unit Area in Oats1
Authors: Grafius J. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The relationship between stand and panicles per plant and per unit area is explored. Two theorems are developed and proved, and used as a basis for calculating the theoretical effect of variations in stand on numbers of panicles per unit area. As would be expected, some of the 40 varieties of oats tested compensate better than others for variations in density in stand.
Linkages in Barley1
Authors: Woodward R. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A total of 219,921 F2 barley plants in more than 1000 crosses have been studied for linkage relationships during the past 26 years and the data are presented here. Some modifications of previously accepted linkage values are proposed.
Seed Yields of Birdsfoot Trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus L.) as Affected by Pre‐Harvest Clipping and by Growing in Association With Three Adapted Grasses1
Authors: Anderson S. R. , Metcalfe D. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Spring and early summer clipping of birdsfoot trefoil reduced seed yields in comparison to unclipped stands. The association of Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass or timothy reduced lodging and increased seed yields of birdsfoot trefoil. Kentucky bluegrass was superior to the other grasses. Two years after seeding, birdsfoot trefoil stands were thicker when grown with a grass than when grown alone. Tall‐growing orchardgrass and timothy tended to delay maturity of the birdsfoot trefoil. After the first harvest year, forage yields were slightly higher when the birdsfoot trefoil was grown with a grass.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Seed Swelling and Germination of Legume Seeds1
Authors: Fayemi Adeboyejo A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Temperature and moisture are two of the important factors in germination and seed swelling. The rate of seed swelling of legume seeds was greatly influenced by temperature. The time from exposure to the initial absorption of water by the seeds became shorter as the temperature increased. Crimson clover was an exception.
A Rapid Method for Determining Winterhardiness in Alfalfa1
Authors: Rodger J. B. A. , Williams G. G. , Davis R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A laboratory technique is described for evaluating the winter‐hardiness of alfalfa. Seeds were germinated in solutions of sodium chloride and sucrose having known osmotic pressures. As osmotic pressures were increased the rapidity and amount of germination decreased, however, the decrease was more marked in the seed of hardy varieties.
Hood and Awn Development in Barley Determined by Two Gene Pairs1
Authors: Woodward R. W. , Rasmussen Donald C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Crosses were made with short awned varieties ✕ hooded strains resulting in a 2‐factor segregation for hoods, short and long awns, in a 9:4:3 ratio.

Double recessive short awned segregates (kk lklk) must be used in crosses to hooded rather than KK lklk genotypes if a 2‐factor segregation is desired.

Crosses were then made using long and short awned barley varieties in which occasionally a ratio of 9: hooded: 3 long awned: 4 short awned plants were obtained in the F2 generation.
The Effect of Differential Cutting on the Yield, Persistence, Protein and Mineral Content of Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: Duell R. W. , Gausman H. W.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Highest yields of birdsfoot trefoil were obtained when harvested at 1/10 bloom. Yields were lower when cut at 3 inches height as compared with 1 inch. Cutting at 1 inch height and 20 day intervals for 2 seasons reduced plant population.

The percent of protein and minerals declined with maturity but maintained relatively high levels at maturity. Notable exceptions occurred in the decline of P, K, and Ca with maturity.
Comparison of Surface and Subsurface Placement of Superphosphate on Growth and Uptake of Phosphorus by Sodded Grasses1
Authors: Neller J. R. , Hutton C. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plant uptake of phosphorus applied on the surface of sodded pasture grasses was greater than when placed 3 to 6 inches below the soil surface. The experiments were conducted for three years on soils of high fixing capacity for phosphorus using fescue, Coastal Bermuda and Pensacola Bahia grasses. Neither chiseling nor the placement of the superphosphate had any significant effect on growth of grasses.
Crossing of Smooth Bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss, in the Greenhouse1
Authors: MacKay K. H. , Dunn G. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Single‐crosses in smooth bromegrass can be obtained in the greenhouse by combining hot‐water emasculation with open pollination. All clones in a group are emasculated except the pollen parent. Groups can be isolated by placing each on long‐days at intervals of about 2 weeks. Immersing slightly immature panicles in water at 46° C. for 5 minutes provided effective emasculation. Maximum panicle production was obtained after 3 months of short‐days in a cool greenhouse. Cross‐fertility in the greenhouse was positively correlated with self‐fertility in the field. Yields of single‐cross seed were increased by spraying the seed‐parents with a fine mist at flowering.
Decreases in Exchangeable Magnesium in an Irrigated Soil During 28 Years of Differential Fertilization1
Authors: Pratt P. F. , Harding R. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Decreases in exchangeable Mg in the soil of a longterm fertility trial with oranges during 28 years of irrigation and fertilization were calculated by subtracting the values found for samples taken in 1955 from those for samples taken in 1927. These decreases were smallest where manure was used as a source of nitrogen, and largest where NaNO3, and gypsum were added throughout the experiment. Decreases in exchangeable Mg were highly correlated with the amounts of salts added as fertilizers or soil amendments. Sodium nitrate and Ca(NO3)2 were equally effective in decreasing exchangeable Mg, and about doubly as effective as urea.
Interactions of Cytoplasm and Genes in a Group of Male Sterile Corn Types1
Authors: Briggle L. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The “U.S.D.A.”, Brazilian, Vg, and Reid male steriles were not greatly different in cytoplasmic‐genotypic interactions involved in expression of male sterility. The Texas type differed from the others studied. Modifier genes in an inbred line background appeared to influence expression of male sterility more in the “U.S.D.A.” type than in the Texas type. A degree of selective fertilization occurred in plants bearing either the Vg or Reid cytoplasmic factor and heterozygous for the fertility restoring gene(s) from inbred line Ky 21.
Effect of Clover, Row Spacing, and Rate of Planting on Spring Oat Yields1
Authors: Pendleton J. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A red clover interseeding reduced spring oat yields but increased the test weight. Reductions in oat yields due to the presence of clover increased as oat row width increased. Grain yields and test weights were reduced as the row width of oats increased and seeding rate decreased. The importance of cultural practices in increasing a small amount of seed of a new oat variety is discussed.
Effect of Foliage Insecticides on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans1
Authors: Probst A. H. , Everly Ray T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A number of the newer organic insecticides were used satisfactorily on soybeans. Care should be exercised to apply these insecticides at the recommended dosages as higher rates of application may cause foliage injury to the extent of decreasing yield. Populations of injurious insects were at sub‐economic levels in each year of this study and were not an important factor in affecting growth or yield. Seed size, protein and oil content, and iodine number of the oil were affected very little or none by the various insecticides.
A Statistical Study of Several Methods Used in Determining the Botanical Composition of a Sward: II. A Study of Several Forage Mixtures1
Authors: VanKeuren R. W. , Ahlgren H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Correction factors developed for use with the inclined point quadrat method were tested. The correction factor based on yield per hit gave more satisfactory results than did the factor based on the regression coefficients. The use of the regression equations to provide estimates of yield of forage by the inclined point quadrat method did not give satisfactory results for all species.
Varietal Reaction Correlation Studies in the Septoria Disease of Oats1
Authors: Hooker A. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Septoria avenae infects the leaves, stems, glumes, and kernels of the oat plant. Oat varieties or selections vary in their reaction to all 4 phases of the Septoria disease. Correlation studies have shown a positive association in varietal reaction between all phases of the disease, a positive association in varietal reaction at different locations and in different years, and a negative association between heading date and disease reaction.
Effect of Fertilizers, Age of Stand, and Decomposition on Weight of Grass Roots and of Grass and Alfalfa on Soil Nitrogen and Carbon1
Authors: Haas H. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen fertilizer increased root weights of three species of grass. Phosphorus increased root weights at the higher rate, while potassium had no effect. Increase in root yield was greatest the first 3 or 4 years after seeding. From 75 to 95% of the roots in the surface 6 inches had decomposed 2½ years after plowing. Changes in soil nitrogen and carbon content during a 5‐year period after seeding to grass and alfalfa and after plowing the sod were small.
Performance of Alfalfa Varieties, Red Clover, and Alsike Clover Grown Under Irrigation at Approximately 8,800 Feet Above Sea Level in Mexico1
Authors: Buller Roderic E. , González Martín
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A breeding program to develop alfalfa varieties which are resistant to root, crown, and foliar diseases was shown to be needed in the high‐altitude agricultural area of Mexico. The well‐adapted Mexican alfalfa, Apaseo, and the Spanish alfalfa, Valenciana, are recommended as the basis for this program. The performance of red clover, a new forage legume in the Valley of Toluca, was outstanding. Kenland medium red clover was harvested 14 times during 3 harvest years and produced an average annual yield of 12.19 tons of hay per acre.
A Laboratory Method For Determining Digestible Nutrients1
Authors: Thurman R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The DLN (digestible laboratory nutrients) of four lots of sorgo ensilage was compared to the TDN (total digestible nutrients) as determined from the feeding trial using beef steers. The correlation coefficient was significant beyond the 5% level.
Evapotranspiration Rates for Alfalfa and Vegetable Crops in New York State1
Authors: Peck N. H. , Vittum M. T. , Miller R. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Maximum average evapotranspiration rates in inches per day over 10‐day periods for irrigated peas, alfalfa, tomatoes, sweet corn and cabbage grown on Kendaia and Lima silt loams were 0.19 (late June); 0.19, 0.21, 0.21 (late July) and 0.17 (mid‐August) respectively.
The Inheritance of Weak Stalk in Sorgo1
Authors: Coleman Otto H. , Stokes I. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In the sorgo cross, Sart × Iceberg, the erectness of Sart was inherited as a simple dominant (EE) to the weak stalk (ee) of Iceberg. This factor pair was inherited independently of the factor pairs governing anthracnose resistance (Ll) and stalk red rot resistance (Lsls).
A Comparison of Grass‐Legume Mixtures, Legumes, and Grass Under Irrigation as Pasture for Sheep1
Authors: Heinemann W. W. , VanKeuren R. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In irrigated pasture studies with sheep, alfalfa and orchardgrass‐alfalfa produced the highest liveweight gains per acre. The average daily gains were higher on legumes and orchardgrass‐legume mixtures than on orchardgrass slope. The ability of alfalfa to persist under grazing was shown by the excellent stands of this legume at the end of 3 years of grazing.
Wheat and Oats Varietal Responses to Applications of Alkanolamine Salt of 2,4‐D1
Authors: Price C. D. , Klingman G. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Treatment of 27 winter wheat varieties resulted in decreased yields in 2 varieties when treated March 1 with ½ pound per acre of 2,4‐D; in 24 when treated November 26 with ½ pound per acre; in 17 when treated March 1 with 2.0 pounds per acre; and in 26 when treated November 26 with 2.0 pounds per acre. Treatment of 29 winter oat varieties resulted in decreased yields in 3 varieties when treated March 1 with ½ pound per acre; in 26 when treated November 26 with ½ pound per acre; in 26 when treated March 1 with 2.0 pounds per acre; and in 29 when treated November 26 with 2.0 pounds per acre.
Observations on the Lodging Resistance Formula1
Authors: Grafius J. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The cLr estimate of lodging resistance works well within groups of morphologically similar varieties of oats. The lack of agreement between groups was shown to be associated with variations in area of heads. In winter barley this factor was not as important as for oats. Data on the torque due to wind on various parts of the shoot appear to explain the aberrant readings.
The Effects of Complementary Epistasis on the Inheritance of a Quantitative Character, Seed Size in Lima Beans1
Authors: Ryder Edward J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The inheritance of seed size in a lima bean cross was influenced by a form of complementary epistasis. This was evidenced by depression of means with inbreeding, significance of scaling statistics, skewness of frequency distributions and mean arrays, and distortion of other genetic effects. Distortion was most apparent in the results of a variance component analysis and a factorial analysis.
Effect of Nitrogen Sources in Complete Fertilizers on Bluegrass Turf1
Authors: Gilbert F. A. , Bowers A. H. , Sanders M. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A single spring application of fertilizer containing both quickly and slowly available nitrogen produced a greater summer weight of grass than either regular fertilizer or sewage sludge with equivalent nitrogen contents. The advantage was more pronounced when clippings were removed than when they were retained. Summer grass yields were greatest when a spring fertilizer‐application was supplemented by additional summer treatments.
Mass Hybridization Techniques as Applied to Standard Crested Wheatgrass, Agropyron Desertorum (Fisch.) Shult1
Authors: Hansen James E. , Dewey Douglas R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Bagged heads of standard crested wheatgrass cross‐pollinated by circulating air in the bags daily during anthesis produced seed yields comparable to those from open pollination. Detaching male and/or female culms decreased seed set when cross‐pollinated under bags. Seed‐set was reduced 66% by the hot‐water emasculation effect on pollen. Approximately 25% of the ovaries did not function as the result of hot‐water emasculation. Tap water sustained detached culms as well as or better than any of four other solutions.
Irrigation of a Ladino Clover‐Bromegrass Sheep Pasture in Michigan1
Authors: Tesar Milo B. , Blakeslee L. H. , Kidder E. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Ladino clover‐bromegrass sheep pastures irrigated with 4½ inches of water annually during a 4‐year period under a humid climate gave 23% more forage and 22% more lamb gain than nonirrigated postures. Forage production was increased an average of 0.16 ton per inch of applied water. Irrigation helped maintain clover in the pasture.

Based on a replacement value of $25.00 per ton of dried forage and an annual irrigation cost of $4.03 per acre‐inch of water, irrigation resulted in a net loss of $13 per acre.
Relation of Fertilizer Placement to Nutrient Uptake and Crop Yield I. Interaction of Row Phosphorus and the Soil Level of Phosphorus1
Authors: Barber Stanley A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Broadcast applications of phosphorus increased the yields of a corn; soybean, wheat, and hay rotation over a 6‐year period. Response to row phosphorus was reduced as the soil level was increased. Corn yields were larger at high soil levels than with row applications alone. Wheat yields decreased at the highest application rates in some years because of lodging.
Comparisons of the Productivity of Permanent and Rotation Pastures on Plowable Cropland. II. Second Six‐Year Cycle and Summary1
Authors: Sund J. M. , Wright M. J. , Zehner C. E. , Ahlgren H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In twelve years of evaluations of continuous bluegrass, periodic renovation, and two six‐year rotations, maximum production of dry matter and T.D.N. was obtained from the rotation of corn, oats, and four years of alfalfa‐bromegrass. The continuous bluegrass area was least productive. The renovated area out‐yielded the clover‐grass rotation area over the second six‐year period.
The Effect of Certain Nutrients Upon the Hydrocyanic Acid Content of Sudangrass Grown in Nutrient Solution1
Authors: Patel C. J. , Wright M. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Levels of cyanide in Sweet Sudan were positively associated with levels of nitrogen in the nutrient solutions employed, and negatively associated with levels of phosphorus. There was no consistent response to potassium. Line 109, inherently low in cyanide, did not respond to any of the nutrient treatments. Levels of cyanide were higher in seedlings 20 days old than in those 15, 25, 30, or 35 days old.
Magnesium Immobility in the Nodes of Certain Corn Inbreds1
Authors: Schauble C. E. , Barber S. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Of two inbred lines of corn, Ohio 40B and Ind. WF9, the Ohio 40B accumulated 50% more magnesium in the outer upper portion of the nodes of the plant than did Ind. WF9, yet its leaves contained only half as much magnesium. A large portion of the accumulated magnesium was water soluble. No morphological differences were observed. Differences were attributed to magnesium translocation mechanisms.
Development of Spring Wheat: II. The Effect of Temperature on Responses to Photoperiod1
Authors: Riddell J. A. , Gries George A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Two varieties of spring wheat, Chinese and White Federation 38, flower earlier as the daylength increases, the former variety being much less sensitive to changes in photoperiod and temperature than the latter. Chinese was earlier under cool‐temperature, short‐day conditions, and White Federation 38 was earlier in a long‐day, warm‐temperature environment.
Greenhouse Studies on Alfalfa With Soil Type, Soil Reaction and Borax Fertilization as Variables1
Authors: Baker A. S. , Cook R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Boron extracted by refluxing soils for five minutes in boiling water produces simply a measure of the equilibrium concentration of boron in the soil solution. It is proposed that a measure of the rate of equilibrium establishment may also be required to obtain a better estimate of boron available to growing plants.
Determining Minimum Populations for Initial Evaluation of Breeding Material1
Authors: Graybill Franklin A. , Kneebone William R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Two procedures are illustrated with examples. Method I uses estimated population variability and is demonstrated by determining minimum samples necessary for average confidence interval lengths to be stated percentages of parameter means with stated probability. Given coefficients of variation, sample sizes necessary for specified degrees of precision are shown graphically.

Method II uses variability estimates from initial sampling to determine final sample sizes needed to meet stated standards in evaluation.
Effect of Rate and Frequency of Potash Additions on Pasture Yield and Potassium Uptake1
Authors: Doll E. C. , Hatfield A. L. , Todd J. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

No differences in total yields for 4 years were obtained when equal amounts of potassium were applied to a grass‐legume pasture as either 1 initial or 4 annual applications, although yields the fourth year were lower when 400 pounds of K2O per acre were applied initially than when the same total amount was applied in 4 annual applications. The effectiveness of the initial applications is thought to be associated with release of initially fixed potassium.
Relative Rates of Mineralization in Soil of Organic Nitrogen from Several Forage Crops1
Authors: Stewart Ernest H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Rate of mineralization of root and top‐growth materials of alfalfa, white clover, annual lespedeza, perennial lespedeza, Kudzu, and tall fescue correlated closely with nitrogen content. Early immobilization of nitrogen occurred with organic materials with less, than 2.5% nitrogen. A net release of nitrogen occurred within 6 weeks from materials containing as little as 1% nitrogen. Added ammonium nitrogen was partially immobilized and then slowly released.
Phosphate Sources in Pasture Production on a Bernard Clay Loam1
Authors: Weihing Ralph M. , Caldwell A. G. , Fudge J. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Superphosphate, basic slag, and rock phosphate significantly increased the yield of forage as well as the protein and phosphorus contents, but an annual application of P2O5 as superphosphate was superior to the other treatments.
A Comparison of Predicted with Realized Gain from Selection for Leafspot Resistance in Alfalfa1
Authors: Adams M. W. , Semeniuk G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

It was predicted that a combination of family and individual selection for resistance to common leafspot in an alfalfa population would improve the mean score from 3.32 to 2.39. Actually, the new population resulting from intercrossing the selections measured 2.06. Additive genetic variance was virtually exhausted by one generation of selection.
The Effect of Temperature Upon Flowering in Paspalum1
Authors: Bennett Hugh W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Light became the limiting factor for flowering in 3 Paspalum species at 60° and 55° F. temperatures. P. dilatatum, P. malacophyllum, and P. urvillei began blooming within the same 2‐hour period at these temperatures. These temperatures increased the time anthers remained pendent without dehiscing and enabled emasculation.
Generalization of Yield Equations in Two or More Variables: II. Application to Yield Data1
Authors: Jensen Don , Pesek John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Restrictive two‐variable quadratic equations defining yield as a function of fertilizer inputs for a given soil fertility level were generalized to forms allowing prediction over a range of initial fertility conditions. Coefficients of equations so generalized from separate restrictive equations were found to estimate parameters of the same equation characteristic of a given soil type. Conclusions were based upon results of statistical methods applied to test the similarity of corresponding coefficients of two and three equations.
Nitrogen Fertilization and Cutting Management of Sudangrasses and Millets1
Authors: Broyles K. R. , Fribourg H. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gahi‐1 pearl millet outyielded and contained more N than did Piper or Sweet Sudangrasses, both of which outproduced German millet. Cutting at early‐bloom to 4‐inch stubble produced largest yields, followed by cutting at 30 inches to 10‐ or 6‐inch stubble, and at 20 inches to 6‐inch stubble. Nitrogen production decreased in the same order except the early‐bloom cutting was lowest. Nitrogen fertilizer increased yield, N recovered, and N percentage in forage.
Potassium Availability of Fused Potassium Phosphates1
Authors: DeMent Jack D. , Stanford George
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Availability to plants of potassium in minus 35‐mesh fused potassium phosphates having low water solubility was equal to that in potassium chloride and sulfate. Increasing the particle size to −6+9 mesh decreased availability of the less soluble materials.
Effect of Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Production of Irrigated Russian Wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.): I. Forage Yields1
Authors: Lorenz Russell J. , Rogler George A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

After the first harvest year, yields tended to increase with increased row spacing, but often the differences were not significant. Fertilizer applied at rates of up to 400 pounds of nitrogen per acre produced highly significant yield increases for each increment of nitrogen added.