bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PELESTRAIAN ANGGREK ALAM DI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU WONOSOBO
Authors: Suwadji Siman , Nugraha Nanda Satya , Dapala Oktomarios
Published: August 2022

Anggrek merupakan salah satu kelompok tumbuhan berbunga dengan anggota jenis terbanyak, akan tetapi didalam perkembang biakan secara alami anggrek alam memiliki indikator tumbuh dianataranya adalah elevasi kawasan, pencahayaan, curah hujan dan suhu. Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Kabupaten Wonosobo memiliki daya dukung terhadap perkembanganbiakan secara alami dari anggrek alam, akan tetapi belum terdapat perhatian khusus atas pengelolaan anggrek alam yang terdapat di RTH Kabupaten Wonosobo sehingga atas kondisi tersebut dirasa perlu untuk merancang strategi atas pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan di dalam pelestarian anggrek alam yang ada di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penentuan lokasi riset pada ruang terbuka hijau menggunakan satu kawasan pelestarian keanekaragaman dengan mengunakan metode random sampling dan analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Indeks Kenakeragaman dan Analisis SWOT untuk merancang strategi pelestarian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat tiga jenis anggrek alam yang ada di RTH Wonosobo yaitu Dendrobium crumenatum, Eria retusa dan Liparis sp dengan total 487 individu yang merupakan anggrek epifit berinang pada 6 jenis pohon. Secara keseluruhan total nilai Indek diversitas (H’) 0,72, Indek Kemerataan Jenis (E) 0,65, Indeks Kekayaan Jenis (R) 0,32 dan diagram nilai faktor ekternal SWOT sebesar 0,30 dan nilai faktor internal SWOT sebesar 1,32 yang artinya startegi yang digunakan adalah startegi agresif atau strategi yang dibuat memanfaatkan seluruh kekuatan untuk merebut dan memanfaatkan peluang sebesar-besarnya.

Kata kunci: Anggrek, Keanekaragaman, SWOT
PENINGKATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PEREKAT LATEK DAN UREA FORMALDEHIDA
Authors: Sushardi  , Ruswanto Adi , Soegiarto Roedy
Published: August 2022

Potensi limbah kelapa sawit pada saat ini mengalami peningkatan yang sangat besar, karena tingginya produktifitas kelapa sawit. Berbagai usaha dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan limbah kelapa sawit, salah satunya untuk pembuatan papan partikel. Industri papan partikel sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki daya saing yang kuat di pasar internasional. Kualitas bahan baku dan pemakaian perekat mempunyai dampak yang sangat signifikan terhadap kualitas papan partikel yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas papan partikel limbah kelapa sawit dengan menggunakan perekat latek dan urea formaldehida. Penelitian mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan percobaan faktorial, dengan komposisi sabut dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (70: 30) dan (30: 70), komposisi perekat latek dan urea formalsehida ( 2% : 8 %) dan ( 3% : 7 %), menggunakan uji Tukey. Parameter yang diamati kadar air, kerapatan, modulus elastisitas dan keteguhan rekat internal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi perekat latek dan urea formalsehida tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua parameter yang diteliti. Nilai kadar air 9,47 - 9,96 %, kerapatan 0,75 – 0,79 g/cm3, modulus elastisitas 19710,82 - 22197,43 kg/cm2 dan keteguhan rekat internal 4,85 – 5,43 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian papan partikel semuanya memenuhi standar Jepang (JAS, 2003).

Kata Kunci : Papan partikel, limbah kelapa sawit, perekat latek, keteguhan rekat internal
TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN SAGU MENJADI KERUPUK BERBASIS PANGAN LOKAL DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Asriani  , Afrianto Risal , Herdhiansyah Dhian , Rismawan Yandi
Published: August 2022

Sagu merupakan komoditas pangan lokal yang melimpah di Sulawesi Tenggara. Kerupuk sagu merupakan produk pengolahan hasil pertanian berupa cemilan yang berbahan baku pati sagu dalam upaya mendukung diversifikasi pangan. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui teknologi pengolahan sagu menjadi kerupuk dan mengetahui tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap krupuk sagu. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan metode survey. Metode pengambilan sampel yakni studi kasus yakni Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) kerupuk sagu “ Annisa” yang mengolah pati sagu menjadi kerupuk sagu. Teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan pencatatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik proses pengolahan sagu menjadi kerupuk sagu dapat dilakukan melalui tahap pencampuran adonan (mixing), perebusan adonan (boiling), pendinginan (cooling), pemotongan (cutting), penjemuran (drying), pengemasan (packaging) dan pemasaran (marketing). Berdasarkan hasil uji kesukaan konsumen terhadap kerupuk sagu diperoleh hasil 39% (suka), 32% ( netral), 17% ( sangat suka), 11% (sangat suka) dan 1% (sangat tidak suka).

Kata Kunci : Pengolahan, sagu, pangan lokal, kerupuk, uji kesukaan
Status of Gender Imbalance Among Children in Bhiwani District
Authors: Pavitra Ms.
Published: August 2022

Women empowerment is a burning trouble all over the world. “Women empowerment” and “women equality with men” is a regular problems. The gift paper tries to show the gender imbalance many of the kids inside the Bhiwani district of Haryana. Haryana typifies many northwestern states wherein females experience inferior fitness and unsure survival, particularly after the neonatal period. Gender imbalance is a disparity between men and women in a population. Gender refers back to the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a given society at a given time and place recollect suitable for men and women and boys and women and the relationships among them. Gender defines and differentiates what males and females, and girls and boys are expected to be and do their roles, obligations, rights and responsibilities. In this present paper, we outline the Tehsil-sensible Spatio-temporal study of gender imbalances within the infant sex ratio of the Bhiwani district. The sex ratio is the quantity of males and females for each hundred girls. The hole among ladies and men leads to gender imbalance. The sex ratio is an vital social indicator to degree the extent of triumphing equity between women and men in a society at a given time. Changes in intercourse ratio in large part reflect the underlying socio-cultural and financial patterns of society. The paper attempts to take a look at the gender imbalance in phrases of the child sex ratio of the given district. The issue is important and demands suitable corrective movements.
Accuracy of Mid-Trimester Ultrasound Scan in Foetal Gender Determination at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria
Authors: Akinmola Janet A , Oni Olaolu O. , Bello Oluwasomidoyin O.
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of prenatal sonographic gender determination during foetal anomaly ultrasound and the overall sensitivity pattern in our institution.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 520 consenting pregnant women who presented for foetal anomaly scans within a one-year period in our institution. The diagnostic accuracy of gender determination during the anomaly and delayed scans were determined by comparing the sonographic gender with the birth gender and calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, Mc-Nemar chi-square test were used at 5% level of significance.

Results: The mean maternal age was 31.51 ±5.02years. Of the 520 consenting pregnant women studied, 16(6.0%) women were having twin gestation. Four hundred and ninety-seven (92.7%) genders were determined during foetal anomaly scan. The accuracy of the ultrasonography (US) examination performed by the resident doctors was 98.02% while the accuracy of the scan performed by the consultant radiologists was 100%. Overall, the accuracy of the gender determination on ultrasound was 98.69%. The general specificity and sensitivity of the US were 98.71 % and 98.68% respectively while the positive and negative predictive value were 99.01 % and 98.29% respectively.

Conclusion: The accuracy of ultrasound examination in detecting foetal gender during foetal anomaly ultrasound is high with equally high predictive values and therefore it is recommended as a mandatory variable during anomaly scans. There is need for continuous training of resident doctors or operators in lower cadre to improve their competency in foetal gender determination.
Efficacy of Gamma Radiation Against Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
Authors: Ashraf A. , Pathrose B. , Chellappaappan M. , Indirabai B. V.
Published: August 2022

Susceptibility of the developmental stages of Callosbruchus maculatus (F.) to gamma radiation was studied by irradiating infested cowpea grains. Irradiation of one-day-old eggs at doses ranging from 16 Gy to 24 Gy resulted in 100% mortality; and mortality was 65.0 and 85.0% in three-day-old eggs and seven-day-old grubs, respectively, at the dose of 24 Gy. A dose of 150 Gy was required to cause 70.0% mortality in ten-day-old grubs. Exposure of four-day-old pupae to gamma radiation (100 Gy and above) completely inhibited adult emergence. 100% mortality of both sexes occurred by the third day at 1500 Gy. However, irradiation at a dose of 24 Gy induced complete sterility in adults of C. maculatus. Adult emergence from infested grain was significantly reduced due to gamma irradiation. Gamma radiation did not alter the protein and carbohydrate contents of irradiated cowpea grains.
Edible Insects and their Food Plants in Nagaland-future Prospects
Authors: Mozhui Lobeno , Kakati L. N. , Lea Nelia
Published: August 2022

Globally, edible insects are a delicacy and popularly consumed, however, despite their nutritional and economic potential, little is known about their developmental stages, feeding behaviour and host plants. The current advocacy of edible insects to combat future food security could lead to indiscriminate collection of insect resources. Due to lack of data on their host plants and related habitat associations, many edible insects are at risks of exploitation and ecological damage. the present study is an effort to collect data on the habitat and host plant preference as well as the lifecycle and feeding behaviour of edible insects that occur in Nagaland. Besides, being naturally available in the wild, insects are reported to also feed on cultivated plants. Knowledge on the ecology of insect and host plants as well as proper management, cultivation, semi-domestication and conservation strategies are discussed. These could possibly lead to large-scale production, sustainable utilization of insects as well as the longevity of the plants they are associated with.
Effect of Short-Term Cold Storage of Pupae and Parasitization Efficiency of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii)
Authors: Balabantaray Suchismita , Mandal S. M. A.
Published: August 2022

The fitness parameters of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) such as adult emergence (%) from pupae and parasitisation of host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton were evaluated under laboratory conditions after storing the pupae at five constant temperatures (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15°C ) for nine storage durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days) in incubators. Maximum adult emergence of 94.27% was observed at 7.5°C for 5 days. The emergence got gradually reduced to 77.03% at 30 days after storage and further reduced to 54.48% at 45 days. The maximum parasitization of 93.52% was observed at 7.5°C for 5 days which gradually decreased with increase in storage duration. The parasitization was 73.76% at 30 days after storage and 56.74% at 45 days after storage. The next best temperature was 10°C followed by 5°C. The temperatures viz., 12.5 and 15°C were found unsuitable for the storage of T. chilonis pupae.
Field Efficacy of Insecticides Against Blue Butterfly Lampides boeticus (L.) on Yard Long Bean
Authors: Sontakke Pritin P. , Amrita V. S.
Published: August 2022

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides against blue butterfly Lampides boeticus (L.), on yard long bean Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cv. Githika) in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture (KAU), Vellayani during kharif, 2017. The results showed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 30 g a.i.ha-1 followed by flubendiamide 39.35SC @ 48 g a.i.ha-1 and thiacloprid 21.7SC @ 120 g a.i.ha-1 recorded least flower damage when compared to control whereas, indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 75 g a.i.ha-1 recorded lowest pod infestation which was followed by flubendiamide 39.35SC @ 48 g a.i.ha-1 and thiacloprid 21.7SC @ 120 g a.i.ha-1. Thus, foliar application of chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 30 g a.i.ha-1 was found effective in terms of reduction in flower and pod damage, and increased yield.
Efficacy of Insect Growth Regulators Against Aphids and Thrips on BT Cotton
Authors: Kamble Bhagyashri , S. K. Bhalkare , Bhonde Abhishek , Dabhade Pradnya , D. B. Undirwade
Published: August 2022

Eight insecticidal treatments (including insect growth regulators) were evaluated against aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) and thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) in Bt cotton. The results revealed that buprofezin 25%SC proved effective in minimizing the A. gossypii. However, it was found at par with pyriproxyfen 10% EC. Buprofezin 25%SC also led to minimum number of T. tabaci and was found at par with pyriproxyfen 10%EC, buprofezin 25%SC+ NSKE 5%, pyriproxyfen 10%EC+ NSKE 5% and NSKE 5%. No deleterious effect of these were observed on the natural enemies. Maximum seed cotton yield was obtained with buprofezin 25%SC and it proved to be the economically viable with ICBR of 1: 6.6.
Efficacy of Neem Based Formulations Against Wheat Aphids Under Semi-Arid Irrigated Conditions in South-West Punjab
Authors: Pathania Mandeep , Kaur Jasreet , Singh Beant
Published: August 2022

Neem formulations viz. aqueous extract of neem and NSKE along with standard check thiamethoxam were evaluated for their efficacy against wheat aphids Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). It was observed that aphids’ incidence on shoots started in the first week of January with a peak (40.90 aphids/ shoot) during third week of March. Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g/ ha was found significantly superior giving 93.53% reduction after 7 DAS (days of spray). Different formulations of neem also yielded comparable results in controlling wheat aphids. Aqueous extract of neem @ 5 l/ ha resulted maximum (74.21%) reduction followed by NSKE @ 10% (69.04%) after 7 DAS. Occurrence of coccinellids was more in treatments with neem formulations than in thiamethoxam. The treatments resulted in 2.48- 9.25% increase in yield and it can be concluded that aqueous extract of neem and NSKE can be recommended over the most commonly used thiamethoxam for controlling wheat aphids.
Toxicity of Thiamethoxam 25WG and Sulfoxaflor 21.8SC tTo Rice White Backed Planthopper sogatella furcifera (Horvath)
Authors: Raj R. Surya , Muthukrishnan N. , Kumar B. Vinoth , Sathiah N. , Prabakar K.
Published: August 2022

Baseline toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides viz., thiamethoxam 25WG and sulfoxaflor 21.8SC was assessed in the field collected populations of the rice white backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath). The major rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu when studied revealed that the field populations vary in their susceptibility. Coimbatore and Bhavani populations were more susceptible compared to the Nagapattinam one. Baseline toxicity of thiamethoxam 25WG was relatively high with narrow variation (LC50 - 0.3130 to 1.7882 ppm; LC95 - 1.0993 to 6.3840 ppm); LC50 of sulfoxaflor 21.8SC ranged from 1.3121 to 3.8392 ppm, while the LC95 values were 3.1507 to 5.2754 ppm. The resistance ratios varied among the populations viz., thiamethoxam 25WG (2.5 to 5.6 folds) and sulfoxaflor 21.8SC (1.8 to 2.9 folds). Thus, the population from Nagapattinam exhibited maximum resistance.
Resistance Monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera to Insecticides Across Locations of Karnataka
Authors: M. Bheemanna , S. G. Hanchinal , L. Rajesh Chowdary , G. Akshatha , B. Kariyanna , B. V. Patil
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the toxicity of eight insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.). These include conventional and newer molecules which are being used on a large scale in six districts (Raichur, Kalaburagi, Bidar, Dharwad, Ballari, Bengaluru and Gangavathi) of north eastern Karnataka. The results revealed that the least LC50 value was observed in chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC (0.17- 0.39 ppm- 2014-15; 0.19-0.43 ppm- 2015-16; and 0.70-0.94 ppm- 2016-17. Maximum LC50 value was observed with chlorpyriphos 20%EC (35.16-41.08; 37.35-43.27; and 36.02- 41.94 ppm). The order of toxicity was chlorantraniliprole > emamectin benzoate > flubendiamide > spinosad > thiodicarb > methomyl > profenophos > chlorpyriphos. These results reveal that rotation of conventional insecticides along with the new insecticides might be more effective.
Evaluation of Eucalyptus Clones for Susceptibility to The Gall Wasp Letocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle
Authors: Singh Akashdeep , Dhillon G. P. S. , Kaur Nirmaljit , Sangha K.S.
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the variation among Eucalyptus clones for incidence of gall wasp (Letocybe invasa) and relative changes in biochemical parameters. The three years, and replicated clonal trial involved 14 clones with monthly observations made on the gall wasp incidence. Significant variation was found among the clones, with maximum incidence being in F-316 and relatively the least incidence in C-413, PE-11, PE-14 and C-72. Gall wasp incidence gradually increased from January to April and declined thereafter. The total soluble sugars and phenol content in the infested leaves were found to increase by 49.2 and 22.8% respectively, whereas the protein content decreases (8.8% decrease).
Management of Leaf Miners Infesting Tomato under Protected Cultivation
Authors: Jat Monica , Dangi Narayan Lal , Reddy K. V. Nagarjuna
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the effectiveness of YST (yellow sticky trap) and BST (blue sticky trap) in monitoring the leaf miners Liriomyza trifolii and Tuta absoluta on tomato under protected cultivation. The efficacy of insecticides viz., acephate 75SP, acetamiprid 20SP, diafenthiuron 50WP, spiromesifen 22.9SC, Beauveria bassiana @ 4g/ l and neem oil @ 10ml/ l including untreated control were also evaluated along with. The maximum trap catches (11.25/ trap) of T. absoluta was observed during 39th standard meteorological week (SMW), and with L. trifolii, it was (8.25/ trap) during 37th SMW in YST. Among the insecticides, acephate 75SP was highly effective with 59.50% reduction in incidence.
Evaluation of Garlic Genotypes for Resistance to Thrips tabaci Lindeman
Authors: Karuppaiah V. , Soumia P. S. , Shinde P. S. , Benke A. , Mahajan V. , Singh M.
Published: August 2022

Nine genotypes of garlic were evaluated for their reaction to Thrips tabaci Lindeman under natural infestation and for host plant traits. Amongst genotypes, UHF G12-2 exhibited resistant reaction; G-282 and PGS-204 were found to be moderately resistant and G- 384, G-189, Bhima purple, PGVK-07 and G-304 were susceptible. The relationship between infestation and among leaf angle (r = -0.897**) and total phenol content (r= -0.836**) showed a significant negative correlation. Leaf damage revealed a weak negative correlation with leaf angle (r= -0.483) and total phenol content (r= -0.303). The plant height and number of leaves revealed a significant negative correlation with thrips damage (r= -0.796*) and nonsignificant negative one with thrips density. Total chlorophyll content showed a non-significant negative correlation with thrips density (r= -0.278) and damage (r= -0.597). Thus, the garlic cultivar UHF G 12-2 could be a promising genotype with resistance/ tolerance, having higher phenol content, total chlorophyll and bulb yield.
Leaf Extract of Some Plants in Biointensive Management of Insect Pests on Black Gram
Authors: Faiz Abul , Ahmed Rezina
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the insecticidal potential of three locally available, less utilized plants viz. Ipomea fistulosa, Annona reticulata and Polygonum hydropiper. Leaf extracts of these were evaluated against four insect pests of black gram viz. Aphis craccivora, Apion clavipes, Maruca vitrata and Omiodes indicata. The results revealed that these extracts had both antifeedant activity and lethal effect. Extracts of I. fistulosa and A. reticulata were more effective.
Nanoemulsified Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil Against Mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Sandhu Komalpreet Kaur , Vashishat Nisha
Published: August 2022

In the present study, nanoemulsified essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus was analysed for its chemical composition and larvicidal activity against mosquito Aedes aegypti. GC-MS analysis revealed presence of total 22 compounds, of which the major ones were 1, 8-cineole (42.16%) and P-cymene (14.81%). Non polar fractions of oil were sonicated by mixing it in water with Tween 20 in different ratios, and 1:2 ratio was found to be the most stable. This was characterized using TEM and found to have spherical droplets of 20-40 nm. Nanoemulsified oil was found to be effective at 70 ppm with LC50 and LC90 of 51.95 and 64.21 ppm, respectively. SEM studies showed significant shrinkage and disruption of various larval body parts post treatment.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Earias spp. on Okra
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Chandi Ravinder Singh
Published: August 2022

Field trials were conducted at the Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana for two years (2017 and 2018) with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC and pyridalyl 10EC against Earias spp. infesting okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 125 ml/ ha and pyridalyl 10EC @ 500 ml/ ha were found to be significantly superior. Significantly higher yield was obtained with maximum economic returns in these treatments.
Genome Size Estimation of Potato Aphid Macrosiphum Euphorbiae using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Naga Kailash Chandra , Kardile Hemant B , Tiwari Rahul K , S Suhash , Verma Gaurav , Sharma Sanjeev , Bhatnagar Anuj
Published: August 2022

Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is colonizing species and vector for many economically important potato viruses. There is dearth of genomic information about this economically important aphid species. Hence, to get insight into the genomic architecture, genome size was determined using flow cytometry. The estimated size of M. euphorbiae was 0.53 pg or 519.4 Mbp. The genome size of M. euphorbiae is approximately 2.9, 2.2 and 1.9x larger than that of Drosophila melanogaster, honey bee (Apis mellifera) and mosquito Anopheles gambiae, respectively. The generated genome size information will provide the foundation for futuristic genomic research on M. euphorbiae.
Field Efficacy of Insecticides Against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer Earias Vitella (F.)
Authors: Kumar Ram , Singh P P
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vitella (F.). Out of nine insecticides, profenophos 50EC @ 500g a.i./ ha at fortnightly interval was found to the best giving maximum protection (2.55% shoot and 5.69% fruit damage) followed by spinosad 45SC @ 50g a.i./ ha and thiamethoxam 25WG @ 25g a.i./ ha. Amongst the botanicals used, Yam Bean Seed Extract- YBSE (5%) was found to be better. Application of profenophos 50EC (@ 500 g a.i./ha) led to maximum fruit yield (152.9 q/ ha) while the neem oil 3% yielded the least (131.1 q/ ha). Among the plant products, YBSE (5%) yielded maximum (136.2 q/ ha). The benefit-cost ratio was at its maximum (12.78:1) with profenophos 50EC, and it was closely followed by acetamiprid 20SP (11.57:1) and thiamethoxam 25WG (10.11:1).
Evaluation of Some IPM Modules Against Red Ant Dorylus Orientalis Westwood in Potato
Authors: Devi Elangbam Bidyarani , Bhattacharyya Badal , Bhagawati Sudhansu
Published: August 2022

Field experiments were conducted at Charaibahi village, Jorhat, Assam during 2015-17 to evaluate six ecofriendly IPM modules against red ants Dorylus orientalis Westwood in potato. Among the modules evaluated, Module-II (pre sowing treatment of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ ha+ wood ash 150 kg/ ha+ panchagavya @ 3% and soil drenching with neem oil @ 5 ml/ lit after 1st and 2nd earthing up (25 and 60 DAS) recorded the lowest tuber damage both in weight (8.65%) and number (10.70%) basis and found at par with the recommended package of practices (RPP) (application of malathion 5% dust @ 40 kg/ ha+ mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ ha in the soil after 1st and 2nd earthing up) recording 8.18 and 10.20% tuber damage, respectively. The same module also recorded highest tuber yield (119.37 q/ ha) which was at par with the RPP (120.12 q/ ha). The maximum benefit cost ratio (1.41) was recorded in RPP followed by Module-II (1.33) and Module-VI (1.26). The untreated control plot registered a very high level of tuber damage (25.93 and 28.70 on weight and number basis, respectively) having maximum population of red ants (3.95 numbers/ m2 ) with a tuber yield of 89.91 q/ ha.
Efficacy of Sunflower Oil Formulation and Conidial Suspension of Beauveria Bassiana Against Spodoptera Litura (F.)
Authors: Rai Rajnish , Pandey Renu , Kumar Tamta Abhishek
Published: August 2022

Oil formulation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana for its effect against tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (F.) in six concentrations (1000x105, 700x105, 500x105, 250x105, 125 x105 and 75x105) in the form of sunflower oil formulation and conidial suspension of B. bassiana has been evaluated in this study. All the five concentrations showed mortality and maximum mortality was observed at 108 hr aftertreatment at maximum concentration (1000x105); and the least mortality of 23.33% was observed at the lowest concentration of 75x105. No significant differences were observed between sunflower oil formulation and conidial suspension.
Effect of Insecticides on Susceptibility Level and Detoxifying Enzymes in Cotton Leafhopper Amrasca (Sundapteryx) Biguttula (Ishida)
Authors: Shankarganesh K. , Nagrare V. S. , Amutha M. , Selvi C. , Bagyaraj S.
Published: August 2022

The present study evaluated the relative susceptibility of insecticides viz., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, flonicamid, clothianidin, diafenthiuron, spiromesifen, thiodicarb and chlorpyriphos against field collected population of Amrasca (S.) biguttula. Out of nine insecticides, maximum susceptibility was observed with thiamethoxam. The descending order of susceptibility was observed as thiamethoxam> thiacloprid> diafenthiuron> spiromesifen> imidacloprid> clothianidin> flonicamid> thiodicarb> chlorpyriphos. Based on the relative toxicity value it was observed that the insecticides such as chlorpyriphos, thiodicarb, flonicamid and clothianidin were 14.04, 12.01, 9.43 and 9.41x, respectively less toxic as compared to thiamethoxam. The detoxification enzyme assay revealed that the activity of esterase was high in thiamethoxam and thiacloprid exposed leafhopper, while cytochrome p450 activity was high in spiromesifen, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid exposed ones. Elevated level of esterase and cytochrome p450 in the insecticide exposed leafhoppers indicates the probability of insecticide resistance development.
Feeding Efficiency of Predatory Spiders on Myzus Persicae (Sulzer)
Authors: M Anusha , Roy Kusal , Maiti Asim Kumar
Published: August 2022

The present study focused on the feeding efficiency of predatory spiders on aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Under laboratory conditions, tetragnathid spiders showed significantly higher consumption rate followed by oxyopids and the least was observed with salticids and linyphiids. A significantly high overall consumption of prey by tetragnathid, oxyopid, salticid and linyphiid spiders was noticed with the treatment @ 10 prey (aphids)/ spider. These results indicate that even if the prey density increased, the consumption rate did not increase. In vitro survivability of lycosid and phalangiid group of spiders was merely 2 days, whereas spiders of other families survived 7-14 days.
A checklist of insect pests of onion
Authors: Karuppaiah V , Chaware G G , Soumia P S , Singh M
Published: August 2022

A checklist of onion insect pests is given herein with 149 species of eleven arthropod orders, viz., Coleoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera and two of Acarina, such as Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes. This comprises 49 families of which 46 are insect and three of Acarina. Insect family, Noctuidae includes maximum genera (16), species (27) followed by the Aphididae (8), Agromyzidae (8), Thripidae (7), Anthomyiidae (6), Syrphidae, (6), Acarididae (6), Pyralidae (5), Scarabaeidae (5), Tetranychidae (4), Muscidae (4), Fanniidae (4), Nitidulidae (3), Onychiuridae (3), Eriophyidae (2), and Simunthridae (1) are others observed. Diversity analysis revealed that foliage feeders are the dominant (69.1%) comprising of sucking pests (aphids and thrips), defoliators (cutworms and leaf eating caterpillars) and leaf miners. Bulb feeders account about 18.8% (flies, beetles, weevils, moths and mites), and root feeders represent 8.7%.
Field efficacy of reduced active ingredient zinc phosphide formulation against rodents
Authors: Neena Singla Neena Singla , Rajwinder Singh  , Navdeep Kaur  , Bhupinder Kaur Babbar
Published: August 2022

A formulation of zinc phosphide with reduced active ingredient (40% concentrate) was evaluated for its rodenticidal activity in wheat, rice and sugarcane crops at farmer fields of Punjab, India. Comparison was made with the existing formulation (80% concentrate) and second generation anticoagulant bromadiolone (0.25% concentrate). Cereal based baits containing different doses of new (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) and existing zinc phosphide (2%) and bromadiolone (0.005%) were applied through burrow baiting where Bandicota bengalensis, Mus booduga, Millardia meltada and Tatera indica were the predominant rodents. The reduction in rodent activity was determined based on pre- and post-treatment bait census. Results revealed that 2% and 2.5% bait formulations of new zinc phosphide are as effective as the existing/ recommended zinc phosphide (2%) and bromadiolone (0.005%) bait formulations.
Efficacy of coloured sticky traps against thrips in cotton
Authors: Amutha M
Published: August 2022

Colour sticky traps are used in several crops for monitoring and mass trapping. This study evaluated coloured sticky traps for mass trapping of thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) and Thrips palmi (Karny) in cotton. The attractiveness of six colours viz., blue, yellow, orange, green, red and white in traps was evaluated during 2018 to 2020. Number of thrips captured in differed coloured traps was significantly different, with the blue-coloured sticky trap attracting more thrips followed by yellow. These observations reveal that blue and yellow- coloured traps can be used for monitoring and mass trapping of thrips as a component of IPM programme in cotton.
Chironomids diversity of Manipur
Authors: Moirangthem Bhubaneshwari Devi , Singh Dhananjoy Chingangbam
Published: August 2022

Chironomids are Diptera and these are good bioindicators of aquatic habitats, and serve as food of aquatic as well as the lower terrestrial animals. The diversity of these were assessed from the Dhanamanjuri University Campus, which revealed three genera and one unidentified genus viz., Kiefferulus calligaster, Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus circumdatus and one morphotype closely resembling Yama (Yama type). The chromosome compliments of these were observed to be with 2n=8 (K. calligaster- AB, CD, EF, G; C. plumosus- AB, CD, EF, G; C. circumdatus- BF, CD, AE, G and Yama type- AE, BF, CD, G). The differences were in the translocation both in NOR and chromosomes. Kiefferulus calligaster, C. plumosus, Yama type and C. circumdatus were observed coexisting in cemented drainage, with Yama type being predominant in the pond; the latter was mainly collected from more contaminated ditches with domestic waste. The polytene chromosomes were species-specific and could be utilized to identify the species in the larval forms.
Predating Efficiency of Cheilomenes sexmaculata F. on Bean Aphid Aphis Craccivora Koch
Authors: Rakhshan
Published: August 2022

Cheilomenes sexmaculata F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an effective biological control agent against aphids. This study observed its feeding efficiency in the grub stages, and adult male and female during March and April on aphid Aphis craccivora Koch in broad bean Vicia faba. The first to fourth instar grubs were observed in April to predate on aphids to an extent of 13.2 ± 0.18, 42.2 ± 1.98, 61.8 ± 1.31 and 164.2 ± 4.94 aphids, respectively). Male and female adults fed on 1011.4 ± 0.25 and 1201.2 ± 0.88 aphids, respectively.
Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators Against Leafhoppers and Whiteflies in BT Cotton
Authors: Kamble Bhagyashri , S. K. Bhalkare , Deshmukh Poonam , D. B. Undirwade
Published: August 2022

Studies were conducted to evaluate efficacy of insect growth regulators against leafhoppers Amrasca (Sundapteryx) biguttula, and whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on cotton at the Department of Entomology, Dr. PDKV, Akola during 2019-2020. Overall four sprays were given out and the data obtained revealed that buprofezin 25%SC was found promising against leafhopper population. However, this treatment was found statistically similar to pyriproxyfen 10%EC and buprofezin 25%SC + NSKE 5%. The application of pyriproxyfen 10%EC, pyriproxyfen 10%EC + NSKE 5% and buprofezin 25%SC proved statistically equal in reducing whiteflies population. The treatments were found to be safe to the natural enemy activity. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained in the plots sprayed with buprofezin 25%SC (13.40 q/ha).
Evaluation of Coloured Fruit Fly Traps in Guava
Authors: Agrawal Neerja , Yadav Neelam
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was carried out in guava orchards located at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during December- May, 2017-18 and 2018-19. Four coloured traps i.e. green, yellow, transparent and Rakshak traps, placed at three locations for fruit fly Bactrocera spp., catches. Methyl eugenol was used as an attractant. The indigenously made green- and yellow-coloured vertical traps were the best as compared to transparent and Rakshak trap. Four fruit flies viz. Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. nigrotibialis (Perkins) and B. correcta (Bezzi) were recorded, of which the B. zonata was found as dominant.
Evaluation of Biorational Insecticides Against Pigeonpea Pod Borer
Authors: Vaibhav Visvash , Singh Gaje , Singh D. V.
Published: August 2022

A field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of biorational insecticides against pigeonpea pod borer Maruca vitrata (F.) at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during kharif, 2016 and 2017. From the cumulative mean data, it was found that among the ten biorationals evaluated, spinosad 45SC @ 0.4 ml/ l led to the maximum % larval incidence reduction (90.32 and 93.61% during 2016 and 2017, respectively) and also led to maximum reduction in % pod infestation (65.31 and 65.29%) with maximum % increase in yield (77.63 and 77.37%). This treatment also gave a C:B ratio of 1:3.36 and 1:3.74. Comparably, the next best was emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 0.3 g/ l, with 86.93 and 90.89% reduction in larval incidence and 62.52 and 62.63% reduction in pod infestation, with 76.38 and 75.49% increase in yield with a C:B ratio of 1:9.80 and 1:10.34.
Improving the Efficacy of Pongamia Oil with Combinations of Botanical Oils Against Sucking Pests of Chilli
Authors: Gadge A. S. , Venkateshalu  , Gopali J. B. , Hadimani H. P. , Singh V. P. , Raghavavendra  , Vijaymahantesh
Published: August 2022

The study evaluated the efficacy of various oils and combinations against sucking pests of chilli. The concentration of emulsifier for efficient emulsification of oils was also studied. Detergent powder @ 0.3% effectively emulsified pongamia oil @ 2.5, 5.0 and 10%. Combination of pongamia oil + neem oil + cotton seed oil + citronella oil (50:25:15:10 ratio) @ 2.0% was superior in management of sucking pests followed by pongamia oil + neem oil (50:50 ratio) @ 2.0%. Botanical oils and their combinations had no direct impact on pollinators and natural enemies except citronella oil. Pongamia oil + neem oil + cotton seed oil + citronella oil (50:25:15:10 ratio) and pongamia oil + neem oil (50:50 ratio) yielded significantly higher yield over other treatments.
Bioobjectification: A Novel Approach in IPM
Authors: Trivedi N. P. , Sisodiya D. B. , Parmar R. G.
Published: August 2022

Sterile insect technique and inherited sterility are older methods through which insect-pests are used to be genetically modified without using biotechnological tools. Using biotechnology to modify genetic constitution of insect-pests in order to manage them is getting importance and popular now. Scientists are modifying insect-pests by inserting desired transgenes and use them to fight against their own wild counterparts to reduce their damage to agricultural crops as well as human beings which is called bio-objectification. A technique of bio-objectification, release of insects carrying a dominant lethal gene (RIDL) is being experimented and evaluated worldwide on different insect-pests to reduce their population and eventually damage. OX513A is a genetically modified strain of dengue mosquito which had successfully reduced wild mosquito population in open environment. Likewise, in agriculture, transgenic strains of diamondback moth, OX4319L and pink boll worm, OX3402C have also showed significantly appreciable results on controlling their wild insect population.
Diversity of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Naveena R. , Shivanna B. K. , Sreedevi K. , Swamy C. M. Kalleshwara , Basappa Sharana
Published: August 2022

White grubs, also known as May or June beetles belong to the family Scarabaeidae of Coleoptera. A study assessed the species diversity and distribution of these in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Adult beetles were collected with light traps and manually from March to July, 2018 and 2019. The collection of 179 specimens resulted in 17 species belonging to nine genera of Melolonthinae and Rutelinae. Melolonthinae was slightly more speciose over Rutelinae with ten species under seven genera, whereas Rutelinae was represented by seven species under two genera. Overall, Sophrops karschi (Brenske) was the predominant species constituting 40.22% followed by Anomalochela bicolor subsp. belgaumensis Moser and Apogonia sp.1 (10.06% each). More number of species were documented in Belthangady region than Dharmasthala and Vittla. The data subjected to diversity indices revealed low species diversity in terms of evenness as species composition was skewed towards five species viz., Sophrops karschi, Anomalochela bicolor subsp. belgaumensis, Apogonia sp.1, Miridiba excisa and Adoretus versutus, which constituted nearly 79%.
Efficacy of Mineral and Non-Edible Seed Oils Against Aphids and Whitefly in Potato
Authors: Sadawarti Murlidhar , Katare Subhash , Singh S. P. , Shah M Abas , Samadhiya R. K . , Sharma Sanjeev , Singh R. K.
Published: August 2022

Field experiments were conducted at the ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to evaluate efficacy of mineral and non-edible seed oils against green-peach aphid Myzus persicae and cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci in potato. Three sprays were done at 15 days interval revealed that maximum reduction in their incidence was observed with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) followed by mineral oil (6 ml/ l); B. tabaci incidence reduced by 72.63% and 61.06%, respectively, while it was 87.60% and 62.27% with M. persicae. Similar trend was observed with all the three sprays. The non-edible oils were not effective. Incidence of viruses was the least (0.26 and 0.27%, respectively) with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l). Thus, imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l) can be recommended to manage vector-virus complex in potato.
First Description of Male of Drabescus kempi Pruthi (Cicadellidae) from India
Authors: Praveen K. , Subramanian K. A.
Published: August 2022

The male of Drabescus kempi Pruthi is described and illustrated for the first time from Tamil Nadu, India. A checklist and key to the species of the genus Drabescus from India is also provided.
Seasonal Incidence of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on Mungbean
Authors: Khaliq Nadeya , Shankar Uma , Rather Bashir Ahmad
Published: August 2022

This study on the seasonal incidence of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on mungbean was done during kharif, 2014. Weekly observations on incidence were made on five randomly selected tagged plants. The results revealed that the first incidence was observed during 22nd standard meteorological week (SMW)- 66.67 whitefly/plant. This reached at its peak (89.67 whitefly/plant) during the 34th SMW. Correlation coefficients between incidence and weather factors revealed that maximum temperature had a positive relationship (r = 0.51) while the minimum temperature and relative humidity- RH (morning) revealed a negative one (r = -0.03 and r = -0.52); and RH (evening) and rainfall showed a highly significant but negative correlation.
Acaricide Resistance in Field-Collected Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch
Authors: K. Naveena , M. Shanthi , C. Chinniah , J. Jayaraj , T. Ramasubramanian , M. L. Mini , R. Renuka
Published: August 2022

Two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is an economically serious pest posing threat to major vegetable crops. Roving survey in and around Coimbatore region revealed that farmers do not target mites with acaricides instead they use higher dose of insecticides at frequent intervals which results in development of resistance. The bioassay results revealed that fenpropathrin (2.07 to 6.86-folds) and fenazaquin (2.74 to 7.13-folds) exhibit higher susceptibility, whereas diafenthiuron (5.35 to 12.25-folds) revealed a low to moderate level of resistance. The propargite (43.80 to 60.63-folds) and chlorfenapyr (61.01 to 75.10-folds) exhibited high resistance, followed by spiromesifen (222.28 to 300.26-folds) and buprofezin (382.60 to 417.87-folds), with extremely high level of resistance. The higher specific activity of GST (4.54-folds), MFO (10.06-folds) and CarE (15.06-folds) in Puthupalayam population suggested the role of biochemical resistance. A significant positive correlation was observed between diafenthiuron and CarE activity (r = 0.981*), fenpropathrin and MFO activity (r = 0.964*).
Management of Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Stenachroia elongella Hampson in midhills of Meghalaya
Authors: Patra Sandip , Rachna Pande  , Rumki H. Ch. Sangma,  , Pankaj Baiswar  , Bijoya Bhattacharjee
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to evaluate nine pesticides applied in two phenological stages of maize (variety Vijay composite) against stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), and cob borer Stenachroia elongella Hampson. Deadheart due to stem borer recorded after 30 and 45 days after emergence and cob borer infestation recorded during harvesting of cobs revealed that flubendiamide was superior with 80.09% reduction in infestation of deadheart and 80.38% reduction of cob borer over untreated control. Similarly, among the biopesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis was effective against both the pests.
Toxicity of Tridax procumbens leaf extract to dengue vectors Aedes aegypti L. and Ae albopictus Skuse
Authors: Marin Grace , Subramanian Arivoli  , Samuel Tennyson
Published: August 2022

Insecticides of plant origin are effective in mosquito control owing to its mode of action. In the present study, Tridax procumbens L. ethanolic leaf extract was found to be toxic to the larvae of Aedes aegypti L. and Ae. albopictus Skuse as these caused 100% mortality in Ae. aegypti and 97% mortality in Ae. albopictus after 72 hr, with LC50 values of 288.40, 120.33 and 77.62 mg/ l for Ae. aegypti, and 812.83, 338.84 and 128.83 mg/ l for Ae. albopictus after 24, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The toxicity of T. procumbens ethanolic leaf extract on larvae of Aedes spp., could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds, viz., betulin, betulinic acid, lupeol (triterpenoid), caryophyllene, isophytol, phytol (terpene), limonene (monoterpene), luteolin (flavonoid), stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 3 (Beta)-, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate, and palmitic acid (sterol) revealed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
Insect pests of Khasi mandarin in East and West Khasi hills district of Meghalaya
Authors: S Krishna Kumar , P Balasubramanian  , Penumajii Ganesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Roving survey of insect pests on Khasi mandarin carried out during August 2018 to February 2019 in the East and West Khasi hills districts of Meghalaya revealed the spectrum of insect pests. The survey covered five villages in each district, that is major citrus growing one. The results revealed eight insect species as the more dominant, and incidence observed individually for these showed that the citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) was found in abundantly in all the villages. The vector pests of citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida) was found more in citrus tristeza viral disease prone areas and citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) also occurred.