bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex liver injury induced by combined Aloe Vera and vitamin A oral supplements, as assessed by histology and the updated RUCAM
Authors: Delladetsima Katerina , Manesis Emanuel , Tiniakos Dina , Sakellariou Stratigoula
Published: April 2022

A case of combined acute and chronic liver injury related to consumption of multi-ingredient nutritional oral supplements containing Aloe Vera gel and vitamin A among other vitamins, minerals and dietary elements such as fish and calamari oil in a 59-year-old female with unexplained hypertransaminasemia is reported. A unique complex liver injury was diagnosed on liver biopsy combining histological features of protracted acute hepatitis, mild manifestation of hypervitaminosis A and lipogranulomatous reaction attributed to Aloe Vera, vitamin A and lipids, respectively. Normalization of liver tests was achieved after discontinuation of all nutritional supplements. Updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score (+8, probable) further supported herb-induced liver injury. The present case highlights the increasing incidence of complex histological liver injury linked to the constantly growing consumption of multi-ingredient dietary supplements and alternative medications.
Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mediating endocrine resistance: concept to clinic
Authors: Skolariki Aglaia , D’Costa Jamie , Little Martin , Lord Simon
Published: April 2022

The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and for this group of patients, endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of systemic treatment. However, drug resistance is common and a focus for breast cancer preclinical and clinical research. Over the past 2 decades, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis has emerged as an important driver of treatment failure, and inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K are now licensed for the treatment of women with advanced ER-positive breast cancer who have relapsed on first-line hormonal therapy. This review presents the preclinical and clinical data that led to this new treatment paradigm and discusses future directions.
Use of herbal, complementary and alternative medicines among pregnant women in Makoni District, Zimbabwe
Authors:   University of Fort Hare, Chituku Sibongile , Nikodem Cheryl ,   University of Fort Hare, Maroyi Alfred ,   University of Fort Hare
Published: April 2022

Use of herbal, complementary and alternative medicines during pregnancy, labour and delivery is common in Zimbabwe. This study aimed at documenting herbal, complementary and alternative medicines used during pregnancy in Makoni District in Zimbabwe. Snowballing was used to select 66 participants which included herbalists (45.5%), traditional birth attendants (18.2%), traditional healers (15.2%), and assistant traditional healers and herbal medicine vendors (10.6% each). Pregnant women in the study areaused a total of 47 plant species from 27 families, and 14 non-plant products as herbal, complementary and alternative medicines by. A total of 26 medical cases were treated with the majority of medicinal plants and non-plant products,used to dilate or widen the birth canal (55.3%) and to augment labour or speed up the delivery process (46.8%). This study showed that herbal, complementary and alternative medicines play an important role in the provision of basic health care in Zimbabwe.
Study of Estimation and Detection of MIMO-OFDM Machine Learning Classification Approach
Authors:   Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, M.P., India, Chadhar Rammilan , Singh Laxmi ,   Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, M.P., India
Published: April 2022

Next-generation smart air interface solution for wireless local area network is mixture of MIMO-OFDM. To talk about and foresee the utilization of AI and profound learning in view of MIMO interchanges, channel assessment, signal recognition and determination in OFDM frameworks, Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Physical Layer, Physical layer channel verification for 5G and MIMO information for AI application to radiate choice. MIMO remote innovation in blend with MIMO-OFDM is an attractive airinterface response for cutting edge WLANs. The rudiments of MIMOOFDM spotlights and innovation on collector structure, multiuser frameworks, space-recurrence flagging, and equipment usage angles. The extending unconventionality of planning cell networks suggests that AI (ML) can effectively upgrade 5G advances. ML has demonstrated fruitful execution that scales with the proportion of open information. The shortfall of immense datasets controls the bit of AI applications in remote trades. The transmission state is believed to be a part of the features of a channel circumstance like the check and clamor, the general movement among the transmitter and the recipient and this limit is obtained by the AI methodology. The readiness dataset is delivered by amusements on the channel condition.
DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPLE’S NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES, ASSAM, INDIA
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, Sarma Tirthankar , Das Deepjyoti ,   Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Gauhati Univerity, Guwahati, Assam, India
Published: April 2022

Neighbourhood of the temple area includes both geographic (place-oriented) and social (people-oriented) components. Generally, neighbourhood is a geographically localized group of people within a city or rural area. The neighbouring villages of Madan kamdev temple area are Gopeswar village, Katnipara village, Bhitarkhola village, Bhitarkhola N.C. village, Barmola village and Alipub village. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with significant face –to-face communication among members. Both primary and secondary data have been collected for this study. Main objective of this study is to know the demographic social and economic characteristics of the villages. Primary survey data have been collected from the villages.
APPLICATION FOR PLAYING POKER WITH MULTIPLE USERS
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Yeole Ninad , Daftuar Vishal ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Sonnur Swapnali ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, More Pooja ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Bokefode Shudhodhan ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India
Published: April 2022

In this world of innovation, we often find ourselves bound by the technology just as we are advancing with it. In the paper, we will provide a solution for a particular problem that a person may go through in his daily life, that is, finding a good form of entertainment when with a group of friends. There are lots of ways one can have fun with their group of friends but it always comes with restrictions that innovation of technology has given birth to. A well-known means of entertainment for a group of friends is card game. There are several popular card games, out of which the one that stands out is Poker. With the technological advancements in the current world, we have found numerous ways to play card games such as Poker on a number of devices like Mobile Phones, Computers, etc. This paper describes the development of a Poker Playing Application which can be played by a group of friends on a single device without the need of any internet connection
WHAT IS REWARD BASED CROWDFUNDING? RBS IN INDIA
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Vekhande Yash T , Gnanasekar Nithya ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Patil Pranil A ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India, Karmakar Piyush S ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Terna Engineering College, India
Published: April 2022

In today’s world of ability and innovation, the population is occupied with varied business ideas. From promoter’s sight, generation of business proposal is less complicated than composition for the fund for its application. At present, the businessmen have several choices from that they'll prepare funds particularly shares, banks, personal lenders, capital establishments and different monetary organizations. however still there are varied frequent expenses that don't seem to be supported by these organization. To trot out these initial capital and indirect expenses a replacement idea has aroused that's crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is wide utilized in developed countries like America whereas in Asian nation, the population continues to be less privy to it. the current analysis study is completed with Associate in Nursing intention to spot the event of crowdfunding in Asian nation. For this several analysis studies drained {india|India|Republic of Asian nation|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} and out of doors India are referred
TÜRK BORÇLAR HUKUKUNDA MANEVİ YANSIMA ZARARI VE GİDERİMİ
Authors: TUĞ LEVENT Gaye
Published: April 2022

Yansıma zararı hukuka aykırı fiile doğrudan maruz kalan kişinin değil, üçüncü kişinin zararı olarak nitelendirilebilir. Zararın kaynağı bir haksız fiil olabileceği gibi, sözleşmenin ifa edilmemesinden doğan yararın elde edilememesi de olabilir. Üçüncü kişinin zararı olarak kabul edilen yansıma zararı maddi ya da manevi niteliktedir. Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda haksız fiilden doğan yansıma zararları yönünden sorumluluk istisnai olarak düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre, maddi nitelikteki yansıma zararı TBK m.53/f.3’te destekten yoksun kalma tazminatı, manevi nitelikteki yansıma zararı ise TBK m.56/f.2’de düzenlenen ölen veya ağır bedensel zarara uğrayan kişinin yakınlarının zararıdır. Bu çalışmada yansıma yoluyla meydana gelen manevi zararı, TBK m.56/f.2’ye göre bu zararın giderimi, sözleşme dışı sorumluluk ve sözleşme sorumluluğu çerçevesinde manevi yansıma zararının giderimi incelenecek, ölüm ve ağır bedensel zarar haricindeki diğer kişilik hakkı değerlerinin ihlalinde, yansıma yoluyla zarara uğrayan, hakkı ihlal edilen kişinin yakınlarının manevi tazminat talep edip edemeyeceği konusu tartışılacaktır.
KOBİ’LERDE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM FARKINDALIĞI: VAN ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TATLI Uğur , ÖZTÜRKÇÜ AKÇAY Aysel
Published: April 2022

Sürekli değişen ve artan bir rekabet ortamında KOBİ’lerin faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmeleri için hem gelişen ekonomik koşullara hem de teknolojik koşullara ayak uydurmaları gerekmektedir. Değişen ve artan bu rekabet ortamında kurumsal yönetim kavramı, son yıllarda üzerinde tartışılan ve bütün dünyada uygulanmaya çalışılan önemli bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. KOBİ’lerin geleceğe yönelik endişe ve belirsizliklerinin giderilmesi, kendi yapılarından veya dış faktörlerden kaynaklanan sorunların çözümü için kurumsal yönetim anlayışının KOBİ’lerde yerleşmesi önerilmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal yönetim anlayışının temel ilkeleri olan Adillik, Sorumluluk, Şeffaflık ve Hesap Verebilirlik çerçevesinde Van İli Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lerin kurumsal yönetim anlayışına olan algılarını incelemektedir. Ayrıca işletmelerin hukuki yapısı, işletme yöneticilerinin eğitim düzeyi, işletmelerde çalışan personel sayısı ve yöneticilerin iş tecrübelerinin bu anlayış ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak ulaşılan 91 KOBİ’ye yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada güvenilirlik analizi, frekans analizleri ve Kruskal Wallis-H testinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, ankete katılan işletmelerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun limited şirket olduğu ve bu işletmelerin kurumsal yönetim algılarının hukuki yapılarına, işletme yöneticisinin iş tecrübesine, eğitim durumuna ve çalıştırılan personel sayısına göre farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL): a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh
Published: April 2022

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy of the thyroid, accounting for 5% of all thyroid malignancies and approximately 2% of extranodal lymphomas. PTL occurs mainly in elderly females and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is most common. Here we report a case of non-germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (non-GC DLBCL) occurring in a 62-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital because of multiple palpable left neck masses. The patient then underwent thyroid ultrasound, detecting multiple nodules in the two lobes and isthmus of the thyroid gland, in which the largest nodule was in the left lobe with TIRADS 5 measuring 47x33 mm, and many cervical lymph nodes. Microscopically, thyroid tissue showed proliferation of tumor cells with large nuclei, coarse chromatin, narrow rims of cytoplasm, and scattered mitoses. There was 01 destructured lymph node, proliferating cells with characteristics similar to those in the thyroid gland; the remaining lymph nodes were chronically inflamed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, Ki67 (40%), and negative for CD10, BCL6, MUM1, CD5, BCL2, c-MYC, CD15, CD30, EBV. Primary thyroid lymphomas are rare with the prognosis of patients depending on the histological classification of the tumor and the stage of the disease. They need to be evaluated and treated individually because there is no unified treatment due to their rarity.
Sharp injuries in clinical practice among nursing students of Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy
Authors: Nguyen Thi Doan
Published: April 2022

Background: While studying at the hospital, nursing students are at risk of getting sharp instrument injuries during clinical practice. The likelihood of being injured by sharp instruments in nursing students is very high due to prolonged clinical practice in medical facilities, working in new environments, lacking of experiences and concentration. Our study aimed to detect the prevalence of students injuring by sharp instruments in clinical practice and related factors influencing this rate.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 nursing students going for clinical practice from January 2018 to May 2018 at Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy. Data were collected through self-filled questionnaires.

Results: Our study showed that 71% of students were hurt by sharp instruments. The number of injuries including 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and more than 3 times accounted for 14.8%, 18.7%, 19.7% and 46.8%, respectively. Fingers were the most frequently damaged position (74.7% of the total number of injured cases), the rest were hands, toes and feet with 22.9%, 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Regarding workplaces where the injury occurred, the Faculty of Internal Medicine (42.8%) was the most common place of occurrence, followed by Department of Surgery (32.8%), Rehabilitation Department (8.6%); Department of Pediatrics (7.9%) and Emergency Department (7.9%). In which, 70.4% occurred at the patient room, 20.3% at the injection room and 9.3% at the waste collection. The proportion of students injured when removing needle cap was 9.5%, covering needle cap was 24.4%, breaking ampoule was 40.1%, infusing, collecting venous blood and disposing of sharp instruments were 16.9%, 2.3% and 6.8%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the proportion of sharp instruments injuries and students' learning ranking, trained on using sharp instruments safely and student’s knowledge about sharp instruments (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The proportion of nursing students injured by sharp instruments was significantly high and associated with students' learning ranking, training about sharp instruments safety and qualified knowledge about sharp instruments.
Space-time spectral methods for a fourth-order parabolic optimal control problem in three control constraint cases
Authors: Tao Zhen-Zhen , Sun Bing
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the space-time spectral discretization of an optimal control problem governed by a fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) in three control constraint cases. The dual Petrov-Galerkin spectral method in time and the spectral method in space are adopted to discrete the continuous system. By means of the obtained optimality condition for the continuous system and that of its spectral discrete system, we establish a priori error estimate for the spectral approximation in details. Four numerical examples are, subsequently, executed to confirm the theoretical results. The experiment results show the high efficiency and a good precision of the space-time spectral method for this kind of problems.
Sensitivity analysis for periodic orbits and quasiperiodic invariant tori using the adjoint method
Authors: Dankowicz Harry , Sieber Jan
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a rigorous framework for the continuation of solutions to nonlinear constraints and the simultaneous analysis of the sensitivities of test functions to constraint violations at each solution point using an adjoint-based approach. By the linearity of a problem Lagrangian in the associated Lagrange multipliers, the formalism is shown to be directly amenable to analysis using the COCO software package, specifically its paradigm for staged problem construction. The general theory is illustrated in the context of algebraic equations and boundary-value problems, with emphasis on periodic orbits in smooth and hybrid dynamical systems, and quasiperiodic invariant tori of flows. In the latter case, normal hyperbolicity is used to prove the existence of continuous solutions to the adjoint conditions associated with the sensitivities of the orbital periods to parameter perturbations and constraint violations, even though the linearization of the governing boundary-value problem lacks a bounded inverse, as required by the general theory. An assumption of transversal stability then implies that these solutions predict the asymptotic phases of trajectories based at initial conditions perturbed away from the torus. Example COCO code is used to illustrate the minimal additional investment in setup costs required to append sensitivity analysis to regular parameter continuation. 200 words.
Continuation methods for principal foliations of embedded surfaces
Authors: Guckenheimer John
Published: April 2022

Continuation methods are a well established tool for following equilibria and periodic orbits in dynamical systems as a parameter is varied. Properly formulated, they locate and classify bifurcations of these key components of phase portraits. Principal foliations of surfaces embedded in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^3 $\end{document} resemble phase portraits of two dimensional vector fields, but they are not orientable. In the spirit of dynamical systems theory, Gutierrez and Sotomayor investigated qualitative geometric features that characterize structurally stable principal foliations and their bifurcations in one parameter families. This paper computes return maps and applies continuation methods to obtain new insight into bifurcations of principal foliations.

Umbilics are the singularities of principal foliations and lines of curvature connecting umbilics are analogous to homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations of vector fields. Here, a continuation method tracks a periodic line of curvature in a family of surfaces that deforms an ellipsoid. One of the bifurcations of these periodic lines of curvature are connections between lemon umbilics. Differences between these bifurcations and analogous saddle connections in two dimensional vector fields are emphasized. A second case study tracks umbilics in a one parameter family of surfaces with continuation methods and locates their bifurcations using Taylor expansions in "Monge coordinates." Return maps that are generalized interval exchange maps of a circle are constructed for generic surfaces with no monstar umbilics.
A new method to evaluate regular ternary semigroups in multi-polar fuzzy environment
Authors: Bashir Shahida , Al-Kenani Ahmad N. , Arif Maria , Mazhar Rabia
Published: April 2022

Theory of $m$-polar fuzzy set deals with multi-polar information. It is used when data comes from $m$ factors $\left({m \ge 2} \right)$. The primary objective of this work is to explore a generalized form of $m$-polar fuzzy subsemigroups, which is $m$-polar fuzzy ternary subsemigroups. There are many algebraic structures which are not closed under binary multiplication that is a reason to study ternary operation of multiplication such as the set of negative integer is closed under the operation of ternary multiplication but not closed for the binary multiplication. This paper, presents several significant results related to the notions of $m$-polar fuzzy ternary subsemigroups, $m$-polar fuzzy ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy bi-ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy quasi-ideals and $m$-polar fuzzy interior ideals in ternary semigroups. Also, it is proved that every $m$- polar fuzzy bi-ideal of ternary semigroup is an $m$-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideal of ternary semigroup but converse is not true in general. Moreover, this paper characterizes regular and intra-regular ternary semigroups by the properties of $m$-polar fuzzy ideals, $m$-polar fuzzy bi-ideals.
Quantitative analysis of facial proportions and facial attractiveness among Asians and Caucasians
Authors: Zheng Shikang , Chen Kai , Lin Xinping , Liu Shiqian , Han Jie , Wu Guomin
Published: April 2022

It has been proposed that the proportions of the human face are crucial for facial aesthetics. If this is the case, we should describe the relationship among proportions of face components quantitatively. This study aims to develop a mathematical model of facial proportions to provide a quantitative description of facial attractiveness. Furthermore, we expect that plastic surgeons can use models in clinical work to enhance communication efficiency between doctors and patients. Face alignment technique was used to analyse 5500 frontal faces with diverse properties (male/female, Asian/Caucasian, ages) to obtain the ratios among the nose length ($ {N}_{L} $), the nasal base width ($ N $), and the inner canthus width ($ {E}_{I} $). A mathematical model ($ {N}_{L}^{2} = a{E}_{I}\mathrm{*}{N}_{L}+b{E}_{I}\mathrm{*}N+cN\mathrm{*}{N}_{L} $) was developed to describe the relationship among these proportions. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, we simulated the post-operative photos using Adobe Photoshop. Our findings show that the ratio of nose length to nose width, the ratio of inner canthus width to nose length and the ratio of inner canthus to nose width play a significant role in determining facial attractiveness. These results provide a possible strategy to quantitatively describe the relationship among human face proportions.
DeepCyto: a hybrid framework for cervical cancer classification by using deep feature fusion of cytology images
Authors: Shinde Swati , Kalbhor Madhura , Wajire Pankaj
Published: April 2022

Cervical cancer is the second most commonly seen cancer in women. It affects the cervix portion of the vagina. The most preferred diagnostic test required for screening cervical cancer is the pap smear test. Pap smear is a time-consuming test as it requires detailed analysis by expert cytologists. Cytologists can screen around 100 to 1000 slides depending upon the availability of advanced equipment. Due to this reason Artificial intelligence (AI) based computer-aided diagnosis system for the classification of pap smear images is needed. There are some AI-based solutions proposed in the literature, still an effective and accurate system is under research. In this paper, the deep learning-based hybrid methodology namely DeepCyto is proposed for the classification of pap smear cytology images. The DeepCyto extracts the feature fusion vectors from pre-trained models and passes these to two workflows. Workflow-1 applies principal component analysis and machine learning ensemble to classify the pap smear images. Workflow-2 takes feature fusion vectors as an input and applies an artificial neural network for classification. The experiments are performed on three benchmark datasets namely Herlev, SipakMed, and LBCs. The performance measures of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the DeepCyto. The experimental results depict that Workflow-2 has given the best performance on all three datasets even with a smaller number of epochs. Also, the performance of the DeepCyto Workflow 2 on multi-cell images of LBCs is better compared to single cell images of other datasets. Thus, DeepCyto is an efficient method for accurate feature extraction as well as pap smear image classification.
A method for determining groups in nonparametric regression curves: Application to prefrontal cortex neural activity analysis
Authors: Roca-Pardiñas Javier , Ordóñez Celestino , Machado Luís Meira
Published: April 2022

Generalized additive models provide a flexible and easily-interpretable method for uncovering a nonlinear relationship between response and covariates. In many situations, the effect of a continuous covariate on the response varies across groups defined by the levels of a categorical variable. When confronted with a considerable number of groups defined by the levels of the categorical variable and a factor‐by‐curve interaction is detected in the model, it then becomes important to compare these regression curves. When the null hypothesis of equality of curves is rejected, leading to the clear conclusion that at least one curve is different, we may assume that individuals can be grouped into a number of classes whose members all share the same regression function. We propose a method that allows determining such groups with an automatic selection of their number by means of bootstrapping. The validity and behavior of the proposed method were evaluated through simulation studies. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated using real data from an experimental study in neurology.
Solution to dynamic economic dispatch with prohibited operating zones via MILP
Authors: Pan Shanshan , Jian Jinbao , Yang Linfeng
Published: April 2022

Dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem considering prohibited operating zones (POZ), ramp rate constraints, transmission losses and spinning reserve constraints is a complicated non-linear problem which is difficult to solve efficiently. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method is proposed to solve such a DED problem. Firstly, a novel MILP formulation for DED problem without considering the transmission losses, denoted by MILP-1, is presented by using perspective cut reformulation technique. When the transmission losses are considered, the quadratic terms in the transmission losses are replaced by their first order Taylor expansions, and then an MILP formulation for DED considering the transmission losses, denoted by MILP-2, is obtained. Based on MILP-1 and MILP-2, an MILP-iteration algorithm is proposed to solve the complicated DED problem. The effectiveness of the MILP formulation and MILP iteration algorithm are assessed by several cases and the simulation results show that both of them can solve to competitive solutions in a short time.
Interpretation of the anomalous groundwater chemistry and 234U/238U activity ratio disequilibrium in the northern part of the baltic region
Authors: Mokrik Robert , Samalavičius Vytautas
Published: April 2022

The anomalous isotope-hydrogeochemistry phenomena in the groundwater of Estonian Cambrian-Vendian (Ediacaran) and Ordovician-Cambrian aquifer systems were formed in the Late-Middle Pleistocene. In the periglacial environment, in northern and northwestern Estonia, these aquifer systems with fracture porose crystalline basement are connected to hydraulically joint unit characterized by high radioactivity groundwater. A significant alteration of groundwater occurred by series of isotope and chemistry facies fractionation. In this study, uranium isotopes activity ratio (234U/238U), 4He content, isotope-hydrogeochemistry and adjusted 14C ages are coupled for a new prospect of the estimation of northern Baltic Basin groundwater evolution. Analyzing radiocarbon and 4He groundwater residence time results and uranium isotope activity ratio distribution suggests a prolonged periglacial environment in which groundwater evolved. Stable isotope ratios of δ18O and δ2H correlation and hydrochemical composition changes support the cryogenic origin of groundwater. Pleistocene glaciations cyclically affect groundwater in multiple ways: permafrost isotope-geochemistry partitioning; periodically changing reversed flow directions of recharge and discharge areas; oscillations of the sea, river system, and periglacial lakes level, surface and sub-permafrost water mixing via taliks and fractured basement rocks. These processes lead to forming the sequence of isotope-hydrogeochemistry types and specific zoning; in general, two separate groundwater fractions – brackish in the lower part and freshened above. An extensive groundwater exploitation on the northern coast sites influenced a sharp dysfunction in the groundwater body, destabilizing the natural equilibrium state formed in the Holocene and Pleistocene.
Quantum Jaynes–Cummings model for a two-level system with effects of parametric time-dependences
Authors: Berrehail Mounira , Benchiheub Nadjet , Menouar Salah , Choi Jeong Ryeol
Published: April 2022

An approach to exact quantum solutions of the time-dependent two energy level Jaynes–Cummings model with an imaginary photon process is represented in this work. The Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant treatment and the unitary transformation method are used for this purpose. The original Schrödinger equation is reduced to an equivalent solvable one through unitary transformations by using suitable unitary operators. The reduced equation corresponds to a simpler Hamiltonian which is written as a linear combination of the generators of the reduced-dimensional SU(2) algebra. A Hermitian invariant operator is constructed based on the same algebraic formulation and its instantaneous eigenfunctions are obtained. By utilizing such eigenfunctions, the complete quantum wave functions of the system are evaluated. Such wave functions are necessary when we analyze the quantum characteristics of the system.
Investigation of a widely-tunable subnanosecond BBO-based optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Stanionytė Gabrielė , Tamulienė Viktorija , Grigonis Rimantas , Vengelis Julius
Published: April 2022

We report an experimental realization of a subnanosecond optical parametric amplifier (OPA) system in a beta barium borate (BBO) crystal pumped by the third harmonic of a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microlaser system and seeded by the continuum generated in a photonic crystal fibre (PCF). It yields broadband continuous signal wavelength tunability in the visible spectrum range from 470 to 660 nm and the idler wavelength from 768 to 1450 nm. Besides the experimental data, the numerical simulation results of the BBO optical parametric amplifier are presented. The maximum output power of the subnanosecond BBO OPA is limited by laser induced damage in the BBO crystal by the pump radiation and seed radiation spectral power density. We also notice and discuss the effect of seed radiation on BBO OPA output radiation characteristics. The numerical simulations qualitatively agree with the experimental data.
137Cs and 239,240Pu activity concentrations distribution in waterlogged and non-boggy soils of Lithuania
Authors: Kazakevičiūtė-Jakučiūnienė Laima , Tarasiuk Nikolaj , Maceika Evaldas , Druteikienė Rūta , Konstantinova Marina , Žukauskaitė Zita , Gvozdaitė Rasa , Buivydas Šarūnas
Published: April 2022

Vertical distributions of 239,240Pu and 137Cs activity concentrations in the waterlogged and non-boggy soil cores sampled in the vicinity of Vilnius City and in the Varėna District were analyzed. The radionuclides appeared in the soils mainly as a result of the fallout after the nuclear weapon testing in atmosphere in 1960s and due to the Chernobyl NPP accident in 1986. The deposited radionuclides on the surface of waterlogged soils on the shores of lakes experienced processes of translocation and accumulation, therefore their total activity in the column differs from the activity in non-boggy soils. The mobility of plutonium is the highest in waterlogged organic-rich soils. Clay in the waterlogged soil significantly limits the migration of radiocesium and does not affect noticeably the mobility of plutonium. Compared with radiocesium, the mobility of plutonium in non-boggy soils is somewhat limited. So, in waterlogged and non-boggy soils, the radionuclide mobilizing factors act in the opposite directions for radiocesium and plutonium. A clear correlation between the radionuclide activity and soil organic matter content was not observed. The investigation showed that radionuclide mobility can be determined by studying radionuclide physicochemical forms in the soil, vertical profiles of radiocesium to plutonium ratios, soil composition as well as its oxidation regime.
The combined effects of ascorbic acid and bovine serum albumin on phototransformations of hematoporphyrin derivative in aquaeous medium: Absorption and EPR spectroscopy study
Authors: Maršalka Arūnas , Kalnaitytė Agnė , Biekša Tomas , Bagdonas Saulius
Published: April 2022

There is a constant interest to increase the efficacy of photosensitized therapy by combining it with other modalities in order to boost the oxidative stress in tumour tissues, and L-ascorbic acid (AscA) could serve as a potential candidate. The photoinduced transformations of a hematoporphyrin-type photosensitizer (HpDiA) were chosen as a model system to monitor the effects of AscA on oxygen-dependent photoreactions in aqueous model solutions of different pH. Additional data on the role of the ascorbate radical in photoreactions initiated by HpDiA, as well as on the mutual activity in samples containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), including participation in Type I reactions, were obtained performing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements, done on the mixed aqueous solutions poured into capillary tubes of a carefully selected diameter, both in the dark and under illumination with a laser beam in the absence of additional trapping molecules. A strong interaction between BSA and porphyrins was determined as a main factor in the observed photoreactions, not only boosting the photooxidation and photoreduction pathways, but also leading to the enhanced photoactivity in combination with AscA, especially, in the acidic medium.
Advanced Reservoir Characterization Using Novel NMR Technology Secures Complex Carbonate Gas Condensate Pay, A Case Study Onshore Ukraine
Authors: Romero Rojas Pedro Antonio , Loraine Ramos , Tagarieva Larisa , Mehidey Serhiy , Solodkiy Yevgeniy , Iareshchenko Sergii , Ignatochkina Yulia
Published: April 2022

Formation evaluation in a gas condensate carbonates reservoir with high temperature and pressure is very challenging: low porosity and gas have an effect on reserve estimation and fluid typing identification. A complex of or state-of-the-art petrophysical studies were implemented for the first time in Europe in the Machukhske field in Ukraine, which helped to estimate the reservoir properties, rock quality, permeability and fluid typing of the main challenging productive carbonate reservoir of the Tournasian formation at a qualitatively new level.

The 8.5" section was drilled through the Tournasian formation with oil-based mud and a composite logging suite with high pressure and temperature (P, T) ratings was deployed. Gamma Ray, Neutron, Resistivity, Density and Formation Testing tools were run along with latest generation of multifrequency, focused Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) wireline tool. Longitudinal (T1 ) and transversal relaxation time (T2) distributions were calculated from multifrequency echo trains of raw NMR data to evaluate hydrocarbon porosity and saturations. The evaluation of T2 spectra used blind source separation driven by statistical independent component analysis (BSS-ICA), a machine learning algorithm. These results were then compared against those obtained from traditional two-dimensional NMR (2D-NMR) maps, specifically the T1T2 maps, that rely on the simultaneous inversion for T1 and T2. An adequate data acquisition sequences or logging activations ensured a suitable magnitude of the borehole signal, which enabled tool to apply long polarization times needed to detect volatile fluids. Conventional logs and core data were integrated with NMR results to minimize uncertainties, mathematical artifacts, and different effects. Rock quality indicators based on NMR porosity fractions and acoustic velocities were calculated and revealed some rock heterogeneities or porosity-lithology facies.

In challenging borehole condition with high P & T, high quality composite logging suite data was successfully obtained. An advanced reservoir characterization study was performed by integrating the NMR data with conventional logs which also helped to reduce the uncertainty in formation evaluation by clearly identifying pay and shale zones, deeper understanding of the storage and flow capacity of reservoir and the furthermore, providing necessary parameters for optimizing completion design.

An innovative study was carried out which helped not only meet objective of the well, but also results became reference for detailing the geological and hydrodynamic models of Machukske gas condensate field. The geological and technological model of the field was updated, and further field development strategies were optimized.
Review of Hydrodynamic Coefficients for Riser Design
Authors: Deka Dhyanjyoti , Campbell Mike , Darilmaz Ilkay , Hodges Stephen
Published: April 2022

A literature review of experimental and computational hydrodynamic research is presented with the objective of highlighting the parameters that affect riser added mass coefficient (Ca) and drag coefficient (Cd). Typical riser analysis is conducted assuming constant values of hydrodynamic coefficients. However, depending on the flow regime, the hydrodynamic coefficients can vary significantly, and hence using the most conservative values in all analyses can result in overly conservative riser responses. For example, the appropriate coefficients for a steady current on the straked portion of a riser near the surface may be very different from those for small oscillatory motions of the riser near the Touch Down Point (TDP). Several opportunities of reducing conservatism are presented based on using variable hydrodynamic coefficient-based analysis.

Hydrodynamic coefficients are dependent on surface roughness, nature of the flow (steady vs. unsteady) and presence of Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) suppression devices (strakes or fairings), among other factors. Relevant and important bodies of work as documented in papers, test reports or doctoral theses in the public domain are used to determine sensitivity of Cd and Ca values to Reynold's number (Re) and the Keulegan Carpenter (Kc) number. Steady and unsteady flows are treated separately, as are unstraked (bare) and straked pipes.

The practice of using constant values of hydrodynamic coefficients in riser analysis is simplistic and often overly conservative. A common practice is to use Cd of 0.7 in bare pipe fatigue analysis as a lower bound. Several tests have demonstrated that Cd can in fact lie in the 1 – 2 range depending on Kc number and Re number. Higher Cd is associated with higher hydrodynamic damping and considerable improvement in TDP fatigue life prediction. Similarly, strake Cd's in low Kc flow have also been observed to be higher than what is used in typical riser analysis, sometimes by a factor of 3 or more. On the other hand, higher Ca values can lead to higher fatigue damage prediction. The correct input of Ca is thus essential to avoid being under conservative. Ca variations with respect to Kc number for both bare and straked pipes are provided in this paper.

A refined approach to application of hydrodynamic coefficients in riser analysis is necessary to avoid over or under conservatism. This is especially important in life extension studies where there is little room for additional conservatism. The riser design codes typically do not provide an in-depth review of hydrodynamic coefficients based on factors such as roughness, nature of flow or pipe cross section. This review paper of fundamental experimental and computational work on hydrodynamic parameters is a useful reference to be used in design and life extension assessments.
Subsea Robotics - AUV Pipeline Inspection Development Project
Authors: Andy Gower Stephen , Mathieu Lardeux , Bill Gilmour , Damian Ling
Published: April 2022

Early in 2014, TotalEnergies E&P, Chevron ETC, and Oceaneering Subsea Robotics (SSR) (Formerly C&C Technologies) came to an agreement to jointly develop an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV, system capable of performing complete AUV pipeline inspection for deepwater pipelines. The main goal of this project is to deliver improved operational efficiency and data quality compared to that provided by conventional Remotely Operated Vehicle, ROV, inspection. This development has been promoted to avoid high costs and improve on the low inspection speeds of tools such as ROV and Remotely Operated Towed Vehicles, ROTV, with associated expensive vessel spreads, particularly in deep water. To meet this goal numerous AUV associated technologies were developed such as: autonomous pipeline tracking, feature-based navigation, improved sensors for data collection, obstacle avoidance systems and other adaptive-behavior functionalities.

The results of the combined development & trials conducted between 2014 – 2018 progressed the vehicle software development and identified the limitations of adapting current vehicle design. Capitalizing on these results, later in 2019 a new purpose-built vehicle solution was introduced with enhanced command and control capabilities, intending to significantly improve vehicle performance to achieve the intended results. The development and acceptance of the functionality applied: scaled and prototype testing, use of a realistic test environment in shallow water, software simulation and a focus on achieving a satisfactory level of reliability of the behaviors.

In this paper, qualification process and data is presented associated with the performance of the vehicle observed during an Offshore Pilot, conducted in Q3 2021 in the North Sea, using operational pipelines. The demonstration of reliable adaptive behaviors and functionality will enable the acceptance of this new technology through the qualification process. This will lead to AUV's becoming the industry standard for future pipeline inspection campaigns and achieve a milestone towards resident applications.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to Upscale High-Fidelity Models Considering Fluids Profiles
Authors: Scanavini Helena F. A. , Santos Anderson , Pedrini Helio , Schiozer Denis José , Munerato Fernando P. , Barreto Carlos Eduardo A. G.
Published: April 2022

Upscaling of highly heterogeneous reservoirs is a challenging task due to reservoir simulation of lower resolution scale geological models may present poor quality production indicators. The solution to this type of problem lies in a better calculation of some non-additive geological properties, such as permeability. In recent years, there has been a growth in the development and accuracy of artificial intelligence methods, which can be an important key to the quality of the models, given that AI helps with problems with a high quantity of information. The objective of this work is to evaluate a machine learning-based approach to upscale complex model permeabilities, so that it better captures the global dynamical behavior of different fluids, such as oil, water, and gas. The proposed method uses recent artificial intelligence concepts of machine-learning and optimization to correct the reservoir upscaling in the case of multiple uncertainties resolutions while creating better coarse models whose dynamical behavior honors the fine model. The methodology was adequate and captured the global dynamical behavior of the reservoir. It was able to improve the coarser simulation model results, especially for oil and gas production forecasts, when considering the oil and field results in the AI training.
Subsea Multiphase Flow Meter Measurement Performance Assurance with an Applied Data Validation and Reconciliation Surveillance Methodology
Authors: Graham Emmelyn , Castillo Libsen , Yi John , Mooney Tom , Jadot Timothy , Amin Amin
Published: April 2022

Measurement performance assurance for subsea multiphase flow meters (MPFM) can derive motivation from several sources of technical and/or business need, ranging from well surveillance to flow assurance monitoring, to production allocation among commingled sources of varying royalty, taxation, or ownership. Often, the more sensitive the subsea MPFM measurement is to a technical or business driver the more difficult it can be to initiate a comparison to a reference measurement or reference fluids such as topside measurement. Thus, providing assurance for subsea MPFM measurement performance requires a coordinated effort of MPFM performance surveillance – a combination of data and activities that can enable continuous indication of MPFM measurement performance, with or without periodic comparisons with reference measurements. However, utilizing MPFM performance surveillance information – which can come from a multitude of sources – can be confusing and potentially misinformative if a rigorous methodology to systematize the information isn't applied. It was in this context that a surveillance methodology using data validation and reconciliation (DVR) was chosen to leverage the disparate surveillance information available and provide quantitative measurement performance assurance results for a subsea MPFM.

DVR was applied to assess the performance of a subsea MPFM incorporated within a subsea/topside field. Multiple sources of surveillance data and information were utilized in the application including the subsea MPFM, independent water-liquid ratio measurement, pressures and temperatures throughout the network, fluid properties, inlet separator flow measurements, and well test results.

Three main objectives were established to demonstrate efficacy of the applied DVR methodology for subsea MPFM measurement performance assurance: 1) quantified DVR results for direct MPFM validation via well test; 2) continuous DVR condition-based monitoring (CBM) of the subsea MPFM within a defined subsea/topsides topology during normal operations, and 3) DVR-derived uncertainty estimates for the subsea MPFM. Several case studies using DVR surveillance are presented to address subsea measurement performance assurance through direct validation, CBM and uncertainty estimation. Each case study describes the workflow and detailed explanations for the steps taken in the DVR surveillance methodology.

Implementation challenges and lessons learned are also presented, along with a strategy for sustained subsea MPFM measurement performance assurance using a DVR-based surveillance approach.