bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Santo Oficio en Cuenca: la relación del Auto General de Fe de 1583
Authors: Fernández Carrasco Eulogio
Published: July 2020

La delación fue la manera habitual que utilizó la Inquisición para condenar a los culpables de práctica de los delitos de herejía. A partir de aquí, los interrogatorios, la cárcel, el tormento y las penas funcionaban para el desarrollo del acto final, que era el Auto de Fe. Reseñar la importancia del Auto de Fe como la ceremonia pública de ejecución de personas condenadas por la Inquisición acusados de herejía y otros delitos. El Auto de Fe era la más impresionante de las ceremonias del Santo Oficio celebrada con gran pompa y solemnidad. Se fundamentaba en una procesión de los condenados, conducidos a una plaza pública, generalmente la plaza mayor, la pronunciación de un sermón y seguido de la ejecución de la sentencia en la que podía haber condenados en la hoguera, función que realizaba el brazo secular. Estas ejecuciones se realizaron tanto en los territorios de España y Portugal como en sus colonias.The delation was the habitual way that used the Inquisition to condemn the culprits of practice of the crimes of heresy. From here, the interrogations, the jail, the torment and sorrow were working for the development of the final act, which was the Auto-da-fé. To outline the importance of the Auto-da-fé as the public ceremony of persons’ execution condemned for the Inquisition accused of heresy and other crimes. It was the most impressive of the ceremonies of the Holy Trade celebrated with great pomp and solemnity. The major square was based on a procession of the reprobates, led to a public square generally and on the pronunciation of a sermon, followed of the execution of the judgment, in which it could have condemned in the bonfire, function that realized the secular arm. These executions were realized both in the territories of Spain and Portugal and in his colonies.
La posible falta de diligencia de la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores y/o Banco de España en relacióncon los instrumentos de capital híbridos (participaciones preferentes)
Authors: González Morajudo Rebeca
Published: July 2020

El presente ensayo no tiene otro objetivo que analizar la posible responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado, proclamada constitucionalmente en el artículo 106.2 de la Constitución y desarrollada en los arts. 139 y siguientes de la Ley 30/1992, de 26 de noviembre y en el Real Decreto 429/1993, de 26 de marzo, en relación con el que se considera funcionamiento deficiente de la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores y/o Banco de España en el ejercicio de sus funciones, concretamente, en lo concerniente a su obligada supervisión financiera de las entidades bancarias y en particular respecto de aquéllas que, en los últimos años, comercializaron participaciones preferentes y/o obligaciones subordinadas entre clientes minoristas. De tal modo se pretende la exposición del problema acaecido en relación con la venta indiscriminada de los productos bancarios aludidos y que desembocaron en evidentes pérdidas económicas al cerrarse el mercado secundario, así como la evidente presencia de un nexo causal entre la omisión y dejación de funciones de protección de los inversionistas o inversores que la ley señala a los órganos aludidos y los perjuicios aludidos.This essay has no other purpose than to analyze the possible liability of the State, artículo 106.2 constitutionally proclaimed in the Constitution and developed in the arts. 139 and following of the Law 30/1992, of November 26 and Royal Decree 429/1993, of March 26, in connection with which it is considered poor functioning of the National Stock Exchange and / or bank Spain in the exercise of its functions, specifically in regard to their required financial oversight of banks and in particular for those who, in recent years, traded preferred securities and / or subordinated debt from retail customers. Thus exposure is to the problem that occurred in relation to the indiscriminate sale of banking products alluded to and that led to obvious economic losses to close the secondary market, and the obvious presence of a causal link between the failure and dereliction of duties protection of investors or investors who draws law alluded organs and damages mentioned.
La modificación del título constitutivo en la propiedad horizontal tras la ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio
Authors: Martínez Ortega Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

El autor analiza la incidencia que la reciente Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de rehabilitación, regeneración y renovación urbanas tendrá en las modificaciones que se realicen en el título constitutivo de los edificios regidos por el sistema de Propiedad Horizontal. Además, se profundizará en las operaciones registrales de desafectación y afectación de elementos comunes, y de todos los requisitos técnicos y jurídicos que se precisan para conseguir que las escrituras públicas que documenten estos actos se realicen con las máximas garantías, que faciliten la inscripción en el Registro de la Propiedad de los elementos desafectados y formados como nuevos e independientes a favor del adquirente, liberándole de la posible asunción de cargas no deseadas por descuido de los profesionales implicados. Se dará realce especial a la actuación del Notario en todos estos documentos y cómo su diligencia y cabal asesoramiento a los otorgantes puede deparar plena seguridad jurídica preventiva.The author analyses the incidence that the newly Law 8/2013, of June 26th of rehabilitation, regeneration and urban renewal will have in the amendments of the deed of constitution of buildings regulated by the Horizontal Property system. In addition, there will be an in-depth examination of involvement and reversal registry operations of common elements and all the technical and legal requirements needed to ensure that the Public Deeds that documents these acts are made with the maximum guarantees that facilitate the registration in the Real Estate Property of disaffected elements and transformed into new and independent elements in favor of the purchaser, that can release him/her from the possible assumption of unwanted liens through carelessness of the professionals involved. The role of the Notary in all these documents will be greatly enhanced, as his/her diligence and efficient advice to the grantors can guarantee full legal certainty.
RESEÑA de: Alvarado Planas, Javier; Montes Salguero, Jorge; Pérez Marcos, Regina; Sánchez González, M.ª Dolores. Culturaeuropea en España . Madrid : Editorial Sanz y Torres , 2010.
Authors: Muñoz Catalán Elisa
Published: July 2020

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La singularidad de los daños medioambientales : un análisis a la luz de la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental en España
Authors: Siaka Danny Clovis
Published: July 2020

Esta contribución analiza los daños medioambientales a partir de la Ley 26/2007, de 23 de octubre, de Responsabilidad Medioambiental en España, y traza similitudes entre ellos y los clásicos, base de la responsabilidad civil clásica de la que se separa la medioambiental. Dichos daños aparecen como una categoría específica al menos porque su régimen de reparación está esencialmente orientado a la restauración del elemento menoscabado, pudiendo el operador reparar con entrega de suma de dinero sólo cuando la Administración pública haya tomado en su lugar las medidas oportunas para la restauración. Esta característica, además del hecho que los daños medioambientales puedan tomar la forma de amenazas o de riesgos, permite distinguirlos de los clásicos.This contribution analyses the environmental damages from the elements of definition provided by Law n.º 6/2007, of October 23, related to environmental liability in Spain and traces similarities between them and the classics which are the base of the classical civil liability from which is separated the environmental liability. So, they appear to be a specific issue given, at least, the regime of their repair, essentially orientated toward the reinstatement of the altered natural resource, being possible for the operator to redress by paying a sum of money only when the public Administration has taken appropriate measures at his place. This characteristic, beside the fact that environmental damages can take the form of threats or risks, enables to distinguish them from conventional ones.
”Cloud computing” : cláusulas contractuales y reglas corporativas vinculantes
Authors: Guasch Portas Vicente , Soler Fuensanta José Ramón
Published: July 2020

Los artículos 25 y 26 de la Directiva 95/46/CE prevén la libre circulación de datos personales a países situados fuera del EEE sólo si el país en cuestión garantiza un nivel adecuado de protección de datos. De otro modo, el responsable del tratamiento y sus corresponsables o encargados deberán establecer garantías específicas. En el caso de la computación en nube es muy frecuente que los datos se ubiquen en países que no garantizan un nivel adecuado. Para poder efectuar estas transferencias de datos a terceros países se requieren salvaguardias específicas mediante el uso de disposiciones de puerto seguro, cláusulas contractuales tipo o normas corporativas vinculantes, según proceda. En este trabajo se analizan las diferentes herramientas que se pueden emplear para que la computación en nube se realice de acuerdo a la normativa de protección de datos.Articles 25 and 26 of Directive 95/46/EC provides the free movement of personal data to countries outside the EEA only if the country in question ensures an adequate level of data protection. Otherwise, the controller and the stewards or processors should establish specific safeguards. In the case of cloud computing is very common that the data are located in countries that do not ensure an adequate level. To make these transfers of data to third countries, specific safeguards are required using safe harbor provisions, contractual clauses or binding corporate rules. In this paper the different tools that can be used for cloud computing is carried out in compliance with the rules of data protection are studied.
Derecho de frontera y señoríos eclesiásticos en la Edad Media
Authors: Oliva Manso Gonzalo
Published: July 2020

El estudio del derecho de frontera ha sido minusvalorado durante los últimos años y aún quedan grandes lagunas en su conocimiento que nos impiden conocer las estrechas relaciones que unen a los textos que lo forman. En este artículo se ha intentado subsanar esta carencia y se ha abordado el estudio de un fuero de reducida extensión como Valfermoso de las Monjas. El análisis se ha hecho a tres niveles: estructura, redacción y vocabulario, hallándose significativos paralelismos entre este texto y otro tan importante como Uclés. La conclusión a la que se llega es que la fundación de esta villa vino acompañada de la formulación de un derecho propio basado en una tradición preexistente en la región. Esta tradición no era oral sino que estaba plasmada por escrito en un texto que tuvo amplia difusión en los señoríos eclesiásticos.The study of the border law has been abandoned for years and there are still large gaps in their knowledge that prevent us from knowing the close ties between the texts. This article has tried to remedy this deficiency with the study of a charter of small size as Valfermoso de las Monjas. The analysis has been made at three levels: structure, writing and vocabulary, finding significant parallels between this text and another as important as Uclés. The conclusion that can be reached is that the foundation of this town was accompanied by the establishment of a law based on a pre-existing tradition in the region. This tradition was not oral but rather was written in a text that had wide circulation in the ecclesiastical domains.
Una aproximación a Big Data
Authors: Puyol Moreno Javier
Published: July 2020

Big Data puede ser considerada como una tendencia en el avance de la tecnología que ha abierto la puerta a un nuevo enfoque para la comprensión y la toma de decisiones, que se utiliza para describir las enormes cantidades de datos (estructurados, no estructurados y semi- estructurados) que sería demasiado largo y costoso para cargar una base de datos relacional para su análisis. Así, el concepto de Big Data se aplica a toda la información que no puede ser procesada o analizada utilizando herramientas o procesos tradicionales. En términos generales, Big Data y los procesos que dicha técnica representa tiene un amplio espectro de aplicaciones potenciales. El mayor desafío para la inversión en Big Datas se produce con relación a los proyectos vinculados a la toma de decisiones sobre una gran cantidad de datos en la toma de decisiones, definición de estrategias y la obtención de mejores experiencias sobre los actos de consumo de las personas. El desafío de Big Data consiste en capturar, almacenar, buscar, compartir y agregar valor a los datos poco utilizados o inaccesibles hasta la fecha. No es relevante el volumen de datos o su naturaleza. Lo que importa es su valor potencial, que sólo las nuevas tecnologías especializadas en Big Data pueden explotar. En última instancia, el objetivo de esta tecnología es aportar y descubrir un conocimiento oculto a partir de grandes volúmenes de datos.Overall Big Data can be seen as a trend in the advancement of technology has opened the door to a new approach to understanding and decision making, which is used to describe huge amounts of data (structured, unstructured and semi-structured) it would take too long and would be costly to load a relational database for analysis. So that, the concept of Big Data applies to all information that can»t be processed or analyzed using traditional tools or processes. Broadly, Big Data has a broad spectrum of potential applications. The biggest challenge for investment in Big Data is provided with adequate and trained to execute these projects and make a large amount of data into decisions, strategies and best consumer experiences people. The Challenge of Big Data is to capture, store, search, share, and add value to underutilized or inaccessible data to date and one of the interesting aspects of Big Data is that businesses and this kind of data stored on a key that is not yet been given the appropriate interpretation. No data volume or nature that matters, but their potential value, which only art technologies of Big Data may explode. Ultimately, the aim with this technology is to discover hidden knowledge from large volumes of data.
El proceso de internamiento no voluntario por razón de trastorno psíquico
Authors: Calaza López Sonia
Published: July 2020

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El Estado en los procesos de integración y descentralización política : una reflexión sobre su naturaleza jurídica y política
Authors: López Portas María Begoña
Published: July 2020

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En torno a la prescripción del delito en Derecho Romano
Authors: Volterra Edoardo
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Varios autores. Familia, matrimonio y divorcio en los albores del Siglo XXI : jornadas internacionales sobre las reformas del Derecho de familia : ponencias y comunicaciones
Authors: Moretón Sanz María Fernanda
Published: July 2020

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La reforma de los delitos contra la seguridad vial
Authors: Serrano Gómez Alfonso , Serrano Maillo Alfonso
Published: July 2020

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El tratamiento de los intereses en el Derecho canónico y en el Derecho islámico
Authors: Jiménez Muñoz Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

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Tratamiento de la responsabilidad parental en el Reglamento 2201/2003 : un avance hacia la integración y armonización del derecho civil en Europa
Authors: Ortiz Herrera Silvia
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Varios Autores. Lasarte Álvarez (Dir.); Moretón Sanz y López Peláez (Coords.). La protección de las personas mayores. Madrid: Tecnos, 2007
Authors: Donado Vara Araceli
Published: July 2020

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Reflexiones sobre la noción de iustitia en la tradición jurídica europea
Authors: Peppe Leo
Published: July 2020

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De la arbitrariedad administrativa, con especial referencia al ámbito penal
Authors: Calaza López Sonia , Pedreño Navarro Lucía
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo versa sobre la recepción del concepto arbitrariedad en la evolución de la Jurisdicción Contencioso-Administrativa española, acompañada de un estudio específico en materia penal
Necesidad de una justicia especializada en violencia de género : especial referencia a los juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer
Authors: Luaces Gutiérrez Ana Isabel
Published: July 2020

La Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra La Violencia de Género, ha supuesto un paso adelante de enorme calado y gran trascendencia social y jurídica en la lucha contra la violencia de género. El texto normativo afronta el problema de este tipo de violencia dando una respuesta integral y multidisciplinar a la misma, estableciendo para ello medidas educativas, de sensibilización, contra la publicidad ilícita, de prevención, de protección social y económica, de tutela institucional, penal y judicial. Una de las medidas más importantes, ha sido la creación de una justicia especializada que conozca de un problema tan específico y grave como es la violencia de género.
La acción administrativa sobre el hecho cinematográfico durante el franquismo
Authors: Cancio Fernández Raúl C.
Published: July 2020

La historia del Cine español durante la dictadura de Franco fue, de hecho, la historia de la evolución de las diferentes sensibilidades políticas que se sucedieron en el poder desde 1939 hasta 1975. El grado de regulación que experimentó la industria cinematográfica española por parte de la Administración, desde todos los puntos de vista que permite la acción administrativa, lo despojó de toda referencia a lo puramente estético, creativo o generacional, configurando la Gaceta Oficial como el auténtico muñidor de la evolución de nuestro cine, un acontecimiento sin parangón en los países de nuestro entorno.
Las ambigüedades del régimen semipresidencial : la experiencia de la federación de Rusia
Authors: Pizarro Marín José Antonio
Published: July 2020

El semipresidencialismo se ha consolidado en las últimas décadas como un sistema político sugestivo para las nuevas democracias emergentes. La realidad observada en ciertos estados semipresidenciales nos muestra el peculiar hecho de que el modelo tiende hacia la supremacía de la figura del presidente, cuando las mayorías presidencial y parlamentaria coinciden, y hacia un predominio del primer ministro cuando estas mayorías se oponen. Esta tendencia, considerada por muchos autores como un axioma, constituye una cualidad sugerente para los poderes constituyentes. Sin embargo, estamos observando que por primera vez esta tendencia se invierte en el caso de la Federación de Rusia. Tras las últimas elecciones presidenciales y legislativas, se ha constituido un gobierno de mayoría consolidada —tanto presidencial como parlamentaria— dónde el centro de la actividad política radica en el primer ministro, y no en el presidente de la República. Este artículo analiza las ambigüedades del régimen semipresidencial mediante la observación concreta del sistema político ruso y la evolución experimentada en los últimos años.
La protección del patrimonio cultural europeo frente a la exportación ilegal
Authors: Álvarez Jiménez José Ignacio
Published: July 2020

La firma del Tratado de Maastricht consolidó la intervención de la Comunidad Europea en materia cultural, y en desarrollo del artículo 128 del TCE, fueron adoptadas distintas disposiciones con el fin de proteger el patrimonio cultural frente a la exportación ilegal. En la actualidad, se encuentran vigentes la Directiva 93/7/CEE del Consejo, de 15 de marzo, relativa a la restitución de bienes culturales que hayan salido de forma ilegal del territorio de un Estado miembro, y el reciente Reglamento 116/2009 del Consejo, de 18 de diciembre de 2008, relativo a la exportación de bienes culturales. Ambos instrumentos jurídicos son complementarios, e instauran un sistema de cooperación entre los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea con el fin de proteger los patrimonios nacionales, estableciendo un sistema armonizado de control a la exportación de bienes culturales fuera del territorio de la Unión e implantando un mecanismo de restitución de las obras que han sido exportadas ilegalmente.
Una aproximación al concepto procesal de «acción»
Authors: Calaza López Sonia
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo aborda, de manera sintética, la evolución del concepto de «acción», conforme a las Teorías concreta, abstracta y ecléctica, para concluir con un ensayo original de dicho concepto de «acción».
El derecho a la intimidad de las personas privadas de libertad y el principio celular a la luz de la jurisprudencia constitucional
Authors: Diego Arias Juan Luis de
Published: July 2020

Análisis crítico de la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el derecho a la intimidad de las personas privadas de libertad. Objeto y casuística de las Sentencias. Cuestiones abiertas: naturaleza del derecho a la intimidad de las personas privadas de libertad, comunicaciones especiales o «vis a vis», intimidad corporal, derecho subjetivo a un espacio individual.Critical analysis of the Constitutional Court Jurisprudence about the right to intimacy of State Prison Residents. Object and casuistry of Judgments. Subjects to be analyzed: nature of the right to intimacy of the persons deprived of freedom, special contacts or «vis to vis», corporal intimacy, civil right to an individual space.
Capacidad. Discapacidad. Incapacidad. Incapacitación
Authors: Fernández de Buján Antonio
Published: July 2020

La elaboración de los conceptos de capacidad jurídica y capacidad de obrar tiene su origen en la Pandectística alemana y en la tradición romanística. La relación entre discapacidad e incapacidad es poliédrica, si bien cabe decir que la discapacidad es una situación administrativa y la incapacidad un estado civil. La Convención Internacional de 2006 sobre los Derechos de las personas con discapacidad, ratificada por España en 2008, supone en cambio de paradigma que obliga a adaptar la legislación española al respecto.The elaboration of the concepts of juridical capacity and legal capacity has its origin in German Pandectists and the Roman law tradition. The relation between disability and incapacity is polyhedral, although it can be said that disability is an administrative situation and incapacity is a civil state. The 2006 International Convention on rights of handicapped people, ratified by Spain in 2008, entails a change in the paradigm that will force a modification and adaptation of Spanish legislation on the subject.
Menthol as a natural anesthetic for guppy
Authors: Cunha Larissa da , Cardoso Leonardo Machado , Geraldo Andressa Mariza Ribeiro , Silva Vagner Callai da , Cardoso Matheus dos Santos , Tamajusuku Alessandra Sayuri Kikuchi , Hoshiba Márcio Aquio
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate different menthol concentrations for the anesthesia of adult females, adult males, and juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata). To this end, 30 adult females (0.379 ± 0.108 g), 30 adult males (0.220 ± 0.049 g), and 30 juveniles (0.033 ± 0.016 g) were used. The animals were individually exposed to five concentrations of menthol (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L-1), six fish per concentration. The induction times, anesthetic recovery, and mortality up to 96 h after the experiment were evaluated. The concentration of 50 mg L-1 did not induce anesthesia in any of the studied groups. The concentrations of 100 and 250 mg L-1 resulted in 100% mortality in the adults (male and female) and juveniles, respectively. The concentrations from 150 to 250 mg L-1 and from 150 to 200 mg L-1 of menthol were efficient and safe for use as anesthesia for guppy adults (male and female) and juveniles, respectively.
The Belarusian Theatre Studio in Moscow: 1921–1926
Authors: Moskwin Andriej
Published: July 2020

The subject of this study is the work of the Belarusian theatre studio in Moscow from 1921 to 1926. It traces the various periods of the studio’s activities, the process of educational programme design, the attitude of students to study, and the attitude of the Belarusian authorities to the studio. The author had the opportunity to collect valuable material and reconstruct the work of the studio by virtue of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus, the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, and the Belarusian State Archive-Museum of Literature archival materials, as well as memories of the artists themselves. The studio is the most important event in the history of Belarusian theatre: without the reconstruction of its activities, the picture of the work of the Yakub Kolas National Academic Drama Theatre in Vitebsk would be far from complete. Within five years, the studio raised actors and directors who later began their activities in Belarus. The programme proposed by the actors-pedagogues of the Moscow Art Theatre was innovative for them. An important part of the article is dedicated to Valentin Smyshlyaev, the director of the studio. It is worth remembering that there was no acting school in Belarus at the time and the first professional theatre was not opened until 1920.
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SELF-CONSUMPTION. ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR THE OLIVE MILL INDUSTRIES IN SPAIN
Authors: MARTINEZ CALAHORRO ANTONIO JAVIER , JIMENEZ  CASTILLO GABINO , RUS CASAS CATALINA , MUÑOZ RODRIGUEZ FRANCISCO
Published: July 2020

The industrial sector faces a new paradigm of energy offshoring, where distributed generation can play a leading role in reducing energy costs in industries, as well as in its C02 emissions. This work shows the potential that photovoltaic self-consumption systems can present to face part of the consumption in the industries of the agri-food sector, specifically the oil mills. The electrical consumption of this type of industry for an oil mill is analyzed, as well as the level of coupling between the actual consumption profiles and the estimated photovoltaic generation profiles for a given range of powers of the photovoltaic generator. The analysis method is easily extrapolated to any mill located in Spain. Likewise, and given that this type of industry has a very characteristic consumption profile, the results obtained are easily transferable to other oil mills. For the mill analyzed, and from an annual perspective, a level of use of the generated photovoltaic energy of 75% with a self-sufficiency index of 20% has been estimated, highlighting the great potential of this technology, as an energy option in this type of industry, as well as in any other that presents a consumption with little variability.
Interobserver reliability of measures of the Welfare Quality® animal welfare assessment protocol for sows and piglets
Authors: Friedrich L , Krieter J , Kemper N , Czycholl I
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the interobserver reliability of the measures forming the Welfare Quality® animal welfare assessment protocol for sows and piglets. The study was carried out at nine farms in Northern Germany. Two trained observers evaluated identical animals simultaneously but independently in 40 joint farm visits. Interobserver reliability was calculated at individual animal level using Cohen's kappa, weighted kappa and the prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) and at farm level using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (RS), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC) and limits of agreement (LoA). While a direct comparison of the adjectives of the qualitative behaviour assessment showed poor interobserver reliability, a Principal Component Analysis detected good interobserver reliability. The assessment of social and exploratory behaviours showed acceptable interobserver reliability, while the assessment of stereotypies displayed good interobserver reliability. The human-animal relationship test showed only poor interobserver reliability at individual animal and farm levels. In most cases, measures of health and physical state assessed in sows and piglets exhibited acceptable or good interobserver reliability. In conclusion, after some measures are revised, particularly those examining the human-animal relationship, the Welfare Quality® protocol for sows and piglets will represent a reliable approach in terms of interobserver reliability to assess the welfare of sows and piglets.
L’économie morale des rémunérations : une comparaison France-Québec des rhétoriques de justice salariale d’enseignants
Authors: Moulin Stéphane
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose un cadre théorique pluraliste d’analyse de l’économie morale des rémunérations afin d’examiner les jugements de justice salariale que portent les enseignants québécois et français. La question générale de recherche est la suivante : Quelles sont les rhétoriques mobilisées pour justifier des avantages salariaux et pour dénoncer des injustices?

Théoriquement, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse selon lequel les acteurs construisent des rhétoriques de justice en combinant quatre normes particulières (droits, besoins, investissements et marché) à deux principes premiers (égalité et différenciation). Notre cadre permet d’abord de tenir compte de la hiérarchisation des normes, des plus égalisatrices aux plus différenciatrices. De plus, notre cadre systématise l’idée de malléabilité instrumentale des normes, les normes de droits et de besoins pouvant être perverties dans une orientation différenciatrice et la norme du marché subvertie dans une orientation égalisatrice.

Méthodologiquement, nous analysons des témoignages électroniques d’enseignants de la France et du Québec, du niveau primaire à l’enseignement supérieur. L’intérêt heuristique du corpus tient, d’une part, au fait qu’elle permet d’inclure des salariés dont les régimes de rémunération sont inégaux et, d’autre part, à la comparaison des deux contextes nationaux. Nous explorons tant les thèmes de justifications salariales que les champs sémantiques des justifications et des dénonciations.

L’analyse nous conduit à confirmer la mobilisation par les enseignants d’une pluralité de rhétoriques de perception de l’injustice. Nous dégageons un continuum hiérarchisé de logiques de perceptions de l’injustice : les enseignants ont d’autant plus tendance à mobiliser des normes différenciatrices qu’ils sont élevés dans la hiérarchie salariale statutaire. L’analyse empirique permet également de dégager l’existence de rhétoriques spécifiques aux deux espaces nationaux étudiés. Ces dernières correspondent à des usages subversifs du marché ou pervertis des principes de droits ou de besoins. Enfin, nous montrons que les enseignants les plus privilégiés pervertissent les normes du droit et du besoin pour préserver leurs avantages.
Les diplômés qui reviennent dans leur département d’origine : ce que le territoire dit de l’influence d’un capital social
Authors: Dupray Arnaud , Vignale Mélanie
Published: July 2020

Le propos est d’étudier, pour la France métropolitaine, les conditions d’un retour, en début de vie active, au département de résidence au Bac, pour les jeunes l’ayant quitté au cours de leurs études supérieures. En particulier, la mobilisation d’un capital social local et la variabilité territoriale de son usage est questionnée. Les données couplées proviennent des enquêtes Génération 2004 et 2010 du Céreq et sont enrichies de données départementales concernant l’offre de formations supérieures et le dynamisme économique. Les ressorts de la mobilité d’études font l’objet de modélisations multiniveau, alors qu’un modèle Probit Bivarié avec sélection est appliqué pour la mobilité de retour. La mobilité d’études apparaît positivement liée à l’expérience passée de la mobilité résidentielle et à la dotation du département en matière d’offre de formations supérieures : les bacheliers les plus éloignés des grandes aires urbaines sont les plus mobiles. Les retours peuvent s’expliquer par des mobilités d’études plus contraintes comme cela transparaît pour les bacheliers des départements éloignés des grandes agglomérations et résidant dans des petites communes. Des indices de mobilisation d’un capital social local associé aux mobilités de retour se dégagent pour les diplômés issus de communes éloignées des grandes aires urbaines. Il s’agit plus souvent de jeunes partis moins loin et moins longtemps en accord avec l’idée qu’ils préservent ainsi plus facilement leur capital social local.
La politisation des jeunes et le fonctionnement associatif : exemples de deux associations locales faiblement institutionnalisées
Authors: Loncle Patricia , Martin Céline
Published: July 2020

Afin de comprendre les modalités concrètes de politisation collective des jeunes, le présent article s’intéresse au fonctionnement concret de projets associatifs pilotés soit exclusivement soit majoritairement par des jeunes. Pour ce faire sont étudiées deux associations locales faiblement institutionnalisées accueillant des publics réputés éloignés de l’engagement public : des jeunes en insertion sociale et professionnelle et des demandeurs d’asile. Le projet s’appuie sur les données qualitatives variées issues d’une recherche comparative concernant la participation des jeunes au niveau local dans huit villes européennes. La première partie de l’article est dédiée aux relations qui s’établissent au sein des deux associations entre bénévoles et bénéficiaires, et donc à l’idéal démocratique interne qu’elles révèlent (ou non). La deuxième partie propose une analyse des processus de politisation externes et des formes d’interpellation du système politique local par ces petites organisations. L’analyse comparée de ces deux associations permet, dans la discussion, de dégager des éléments de portée plus générale sur les conditions de politisation des associations locales de jeunes.
Stable task information from an unstable neural population
Authors: Rule Michael E , Loback Adrianna R , Raman Dhruva V , Driscoll Laura N , Harvey Christopher D , O'Leary Timothy
Published: July 2020

Over days and weeks, neural activity representing an animal’s position and movement in sensorimotor cortex has been found to continually reconfigure or ‘drift’ during repeated trials of learned tasks, with no obvious change in behavior. This challenges classical theories, which assume stable engrams underlie stable behavior. However, it is not known whether this drift occurs systematically, allowing downstream circuits to extract consistent information. Analyzing long-term calcium imaging recordings from posterior parietal cortex in mice (Mus musculus), we show that drift is systematically constrained far above chance, facilitating a linear weighted readout of behavioral variables. However, a significant component of drift continually degrades a fixed readout, implying that drift is not confined to a null coding space. We calculate the amount of plasticity required to compensate drift independently of any learning rule, and find that this is within physiologically achievable bounds. We demonstrate that a simple, biologically plausible local learning rule can achieve these bounds, accurately decoding behavior over many days.
Risk of psychiatric disorders among the surviving twins after a co-twin loss
Authors: Song Huan , Larsson Henrik , Fang Fang , Almqvist Catarina , Pedersen Nancy L , Magnusson Patrik KE , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A
Published: July 2020

Losing a co-twin by death is a severely stressful event yet with unknown impact on the surviving twin’s risk of psychiatric disorders. We identified all Swedish-born twins who lost a co-twin by death between 1973 and 2013 (n = 4,528), their 4939 non-twin full siblings, together with 22,640 age- and sex-matched non-bereaved twins. Compared to the non-bereaved twins, exposed twins were at increased risk of receiving a first diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (hazard ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval1.48–1.83), particularly during the first month after loss. Similarly, compared to non-twin full siblings, the relative risks were significantly increased after loss of monozygotic co-twin (2.45-fold), and loss of a dizygotic co-twin (1.29-fold), with higher HR observed with greater age gaps between twins and non-twin siblings. As dizygotic twins share equal genetic relatedness to the deceased twin as their full siblings, this pattern suggests that beyond the contribution of genetic factors, shared early life experiences and attachment contribute to the risk of psychiatric disorders among surviving twins after co-twin loss.
Delayed gratification in the adult brain
Authors: Kempermann Gerd
Published: July 2020

Some immature neurons in the cerebral cortex of mammals might wait for years before they become activated and finish their development.
Los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales permiten diferenciar los grupos transandino y cisandino de las especies de Rhodnius de Colombia
Authors: Meneses Arlid , Rodríguez Cristian Camilo , Suárez Yazmín , Carranza Julio César , Vallejo Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Las especies Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) están conformadas por insectos hematófagos vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, y T. rangeli, parásito infectivo pero no patógeno para el vertebrado. El estudio de la diversidad proteica de la saliva de estos insectos permite la obtención de perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales característicos de algunas especies de triatominos. Sin embargo, el reporte de los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales de las especies de Rhodnius ha sido escaso.Objetivo. Hacer un análisis comparativo de los perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales de las proteínas salivales de R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus.Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron los perfiles electroforéticos de la saliva de las especies en estudio mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecilsulfatosódico (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) y se construyó un fenograma mediante el método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages).Resultados. Los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas solubles de saliva presentaron bandas en un rango de masa aproximado de 15 a 45 kDa, los cuales permitieron diferenciar las cinco especies estudiadas. El fenograma reveló la existencia de dos grupos principales: uno conformado por los grupos cisandinos Pictipes y Prolixus y otro constituido por el grupo transandino Pallescens.Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas salivales entre R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus, cuya variabilidad permitió construir un fenograma congruente con los grupos del género Rhodnius.
Application of the “syndemics” theory to explain unprotected sex and transactional sex: A crosssectional study in men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, and non-MSM in Colombia
Authors: Alvarado Beatriz , Mueses Hector Fabio , Galindo Jaime , Martínez-Cajas Jorge Luis
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Colombia are highly affected by HIV. To improve understanding of the role of HIV risk behaviors in HIV acquisition, we used the syndemic framework, a useful concept to inform prevention efforts.Objective: To examine the effect of four psychosocial conditions, namely, forced sex, history of childhood sexual abuse, frequent alcohol use, and illicit drug use on unprotected sex and the synergistic effects (“syndemic” effects) of these conditions on HIV risk behavior.Materials and methods: We enrolled a total of 812 males (54.7% men who have sex with men, MSM; 7.3% transgender women, and 38% non-MSM). The participants were recruited from neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status through free HIV-counseling and -testing campaigns. We performed Poisson regression analysis to test the associations and interactions between the four psychosocial conditions and unprotected sex with regular, occasional, and transactional partners. To test the “syndemic” model, we assessed additive and multiplicative interactions.Results: The prevalence of any psychosocial condition was 94.9% in transgender women, 60.1% in MSM, and 72.2% in non-MSM. A higher likelihood of transactional sex was associated in MSM (prevalence ratio (PR)=7.41, p<0.001) and non-MSM (PR=2.18, p< 0.001) with three or all four conditions compared to those with one condition. Additive interactions were present for all combinations of psychosocial problems on transactional sex n MSM. No cumulative effect or additive interaction was observed in transgender women.Conclusions: Our study highlights the need for bundled mental health programs addressing childhood sexual abuse, illicit drug use, and frequent alcohol use with other HIV prevention programs.
Identification of potential biomarkers and their clinical significance in gastric cancer using bioinformatics analysis methods
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhou Miao , Ouyang Yangyang , Du Laifeng , Xu Lingbo , Li Hongyun
Published: July 2020

Background

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism for regulating gene expression and proteome diversity. Tumor-alternative splicing can reveal a large class of new splicing-associated potential new antigens that may affect the immune response and can be used for immunotherapy.

Methods

The RNA-seq transcriptome data and clinical information of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database data portal, and data of splicing events were obtained from the SpliceSeq database. Predicting genes were validated by Asian cancer research group (ACRG) cohort and Oncomine database. RT-qPCR was used to analysis the expression of ECT2 in STAD.

Results

A total of 32,166 AS events were identified, among which 2,042 AS events were significantly associated with patients survival. Biological pathway analysis indicated that these genes play an important role in regulating gastric cancer-related processes such as GTPase activity and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Next, we derived a risk signature, using alternate acceptor, that is an independent prognostic marker. Moreover, high ECT2 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in STAD. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that high ECT2 expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that high ECT2 expression was enriched for hallmarks of malignant tumors. The ACRG cohort and Oncomine also showed that high ECT2 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, RT-qPCR showed ECT2 expression was higher in STAD compared to the normal tissues.

Conclusion

This study excavated the alternative splicing events in gastric cancer, and found ECT2 might be a biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Utilization of brewery wastes in food industry
Authors: Rachwał Kamila , Waśko Adam , Gustaw Klaudia , Polak-Berecka Magdalena
Published: July 2020

Beer is the most popular low-alcohol beverage consumed in large amounts in many countries each year. The brewing industry is an important global business with huge annual revenues. It is profitable and important for the economies of many countries around the world. The brewing process involves several steps, which lead to fermentation of sugars contained in malt and conversion thereof into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeasts. Beer brewing generates substantial amounts of by-products. The three main brewing industry wastes include brewer’s spent grain, hot trub, and residual brewer’s yeast. Proper management of these wastes may bring economical benefits and help to protect the environment from pollution caused by their excessive accumulation. The disposal of these wastes is cumbersome for the producers, however they are suitable for reuse in the food industry. Given their composition, they can serve as a low-cost and highly nutritional source of feed and food additives. They also have a potential to be a cheap material for extraction of compounds valuable for the food industry and a component of media used in biotechnological processes aimed at production of compounds and enzymes relevant for the food industry.
Soil macro-fauna respond to environmental variations along a coastal-inland gradient
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxue , Tao Yan , Wang Zhongqiang , Ma Chen , He Hong , Yin Xiuqin
Published: July 2020

Varied environmental conditions in coastal-inland zones tend to influence soil faunal communities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil fauna to environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient. In order to better understand the aforementioned responses, a total of 80 soil macro-faunal samples were collected at the five different distances from the coastline of China’s Bohai Bay. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics and diversity of the soil macro-fauna varied among the different habitats. With the increases in the distance from the sea, the individual density, richness and diversity levels of the soil macro-fauna all first increased and then decreased. The individual density, richness and diversity values were all at their maximum at 30 km from the sea. The Edge effect promoted unique and rare soil macro-faunal taxa. Formicidae, Curculionidae and Aphodiidae were found to be the edge taxa. Agelenidae, Liocranidae and Nematocera were considered to be indicator taxa of severe sea effects. Paradoxosomatidae was an indicator taxon of slight effects. Overall, the environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient were found to have the potential to affect the soil macro-faunal communities, and the different taxa of the soil macro-fauna responded to those variations in different ways. This study further revealed the processes and mechanisms of the sea influencing the soil macro-faunal communities, which had been caused by the coastal-inland gradient. The results of this study also provided a theoretical basis for developing future biodiversity guidelines for coastal ecosystems.
Predictive values of stool-based tests for mucosal healing among Taiwanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Yen Hsu-Heng , Chen Mei-Wen , Chang Yu-Yao , Huang Hsuan-Yuan , Hsu Tsui-Chun , Chen Yang-Yuan
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose

Over the past two decades, ulcerative colitis (UC) has emerged in the Asia Pacific area, and its treatment goal has shifted from symptom relief to endoscopic remission. Endoscopy is the gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing; however, it is an invasive method. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive stool-based inflammatory marker which has been used to monitor mucosal healing status, but it is expensive. By contrast, the immune fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is a widely utilized stool-based screening tool for colorectal cancer. In this study, we compared the predictive values of iFOBT and FC for mucosal healing in Taiwanese patients with UC.

Methods

A total of 50 patients with UC identified via the electronic clinical database of Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan, were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to July 2019. Results of iFOBT, FC level, and blood tests as well as Mayo scores were reviewed and analyzed. Colonic mucosa was evaluated using the endoscopic Mayo subscore.

Results

The average age of the patients was 46 years, and 62% of the patients were men. Disease distribution was as follows: E1 (26%), E2 (40%), and E3 (34%). Complete mucosal healing (Mayo score = 0) was observed in 30% of patients. Endoscopic mucosal healing with a Mayo score of 0 or 1 was observed in 62% of the patients. Results of FC and iFOBT were compared among patients with and without mucosal healing. Predictive cutoff values were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics curves. iFOBT and FC had similar area under the curve for both complete mucosal healing (0.813 vs. 0.769, respectively, p = 0.5581) and endoscopic mucosal healing (0.906 vs. 0.812, respectively, p = 0.1207).

Conclusion

In daily clinical practice, FC and iFOBT do not differ in terms of predictive values for mucosal healing among Taiwanese patients with UC.