bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait Extraversion Shapes the Dynamic Relationship Between State Extraversion and the Subjectively Perceived Situational Sociality
Authors: Zager Kocjan Gaja , Sočan Gregor , Buško Vesna , Avsec Andreja
Published: December 2023

This study examined the dynamic interplay between extraversion and subjectively perceived sociality of situations using continuous-time dynamic modeling. In a week-long experience sampling study, we collected 4,694 reports of state extraversion and perceived sociality from a sample of university students. Results showed that changes in state extraversion lasted longer and took longer to return to baseline than changes in perceived sociality. Increases in state extraversion predicted subsequent increases in perceived sociality, whereas increases in perceived sociality predicted subsequent decreases in state extraversion. Cross-lagged effects reached their maximum at 1.5 hours lag. The negative cross-lagged effect of sociality on state extraversion suggests a compensatory mechanism of temporal reduction of extraverted behavior in an effort to balance the level of social engagement.
Kajian Kualitas Sanad Hadis tentang Radang Selaput Dada
Authors: rahman Fadli
Published: December 2023

Radang selaput dada, atau pleuritis, merupakan suatu kondisi medis yang melibatkan peradangan pada lapisan pleura yang melapisi paru-paru dan dinding dada. Artikel ini mengulas pemahaman terkini mengenai patofisiologi, diagnosis, dan pengelolaan radang selaput dada.Patofisiologi radang selaput dada melibatkan berbagai faktor, termasuk infeksi, trauma, atau penyakit autoimun. Proses peradangan dapat menyebabkan akumulasi cairan di rongga pleura, yang dikenal sebagai efusi pleura, mengakibatkan gejala seperti nyeri dada, kesulitan bernapas, dan batuk.Pengelolaan radang selaput dada mencakup pengobatan penyebabnya, seperti antibiotik untuk infeksi atau terapi antiinflamasi untuk kondisi autoimun. Tindakan terapi dada seperti torakosenteisis dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi efusi pleura yang signifikan. Pemantauan teratur dan tindak lanjut dengan pemeriksaan pencitraan membantu memastikan respons terhadap pengobatan dan mengidentifikasi komplikasi potensial.
Error theory of mental test scores without and with a measuring instrument (version 2)
Authors: Witte Erich H. , Stanciu Adrian
Published: December 2023

Every measurement is subject to error. To describe the measurement error, there is the classical approach without and the extended approach with a measurement instrument. Both approaches are compared, and conclusions are drawn for a more complex error theory. The principle limitation of human capabilities is assumed as the basis for error. From this principal limitation it follows that the anthropometric reliability of measurement instruments cannot be arbitrarily improved. Nevertheless, in order to control the measurement error, quantization of continuous measurement values is proposed. Software is developed for this purpose. The simulations with this software show how depending on the reliability of the measuring instrument the number of quanta and the reduction of the error dispersion affects the measurements. Only with a stable measurement one can expect a high replication rate. In an extended error theory, the correlation between observed measured value and true value is more complex than captured by classical error theory. Only by quantization a stable relationship between theoretical construct (trait) and measurement result is established.
Performance Measurement
Authors: Rahman Muni Arini
Published: December 2023

Sistem pengukuran kinerja memiliki sasaran implementasi strategi. Dalam menetapkan SPK, manajemen puncak memilih serangkaian ukuran-ukuran yang menunjukkan strategi perusahaan. Pengukuran ini dapat dilihat sebagai faktor kesuksesan di masa yang akan datang. Kesuksesan strategi tersebut tergantung pada keaktifan perusahaan itu sendiri. Sistem pengukuran kinerja secara sederhana merupakan sebuahmekanisme yang menunjukkan seperti apakah perusahaantersebut akan mengimplementasikan strateginya.
Development of Social Competence of Future Tourism Specialists by Conducting Excursions within the Framework of English Language Classes
Authors: Ozturk Madina
Published: December 2023

This study covers the conduct of excursions to tourism and service industry enterprises as a part of English language classes. It is known that with the development of the tourism industry, the demand for workers in this field is growing. The requirements for employees in this area are high too. Proficiency in English is one of the most important requirements today. Since work in tourism involves constant communication with guests and partners from around the world. It is necessary to note that it is important to develop social competence of the future tourism specialists. Social competence implies the ability to take responsibility, to work on something controversial, uncertain, and the ability to make decisions in various professional situations. It is known that today graduates must possess such qualities as resistance to stress, mobility and innovation. Thus, it is important for a future specialist not only to know, but also to be able to demonstrate the necessary skills and knowledge. This study presents excursions as an auxiliary form of educational activity, aimed at developing social competence among future tourism and service industry specialists. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of organizing excursions for the development of social competence of the future tourism specialists in the process of teaching English.
Kajian Kualitas Sanad Hadis (Thoharoh)
Authors: Fikri Nurul
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the hadith that prohibits leaving a place for the hair during the obligatory ghusl. The hadith threatens with certain consequences for those who do not clean their hair after the obligatory bath. After conducting research and analysing the quality of the hadith, it is concluded that this hadith on hair cutting can be categorised as a hasan hadith. This conclusion is based on the assessment of the narrators that has been presented by the author, in line with the views of scholars and the sanad of the hadith. Therefore, it is advisable to adhere to the recommendation in order to avoid the consequences given in the hadith.
Communicating In team and organization
Authors: zahra Camila jiana
Published: December 2023

KomunikasiProses dimana informasi dikirimkan dan dipahami antara dua orang atau lebih.*Komunikasi yang efektif sangat penting bagi seluruh organisasi:-Mengkordinasikan pekerjaan-Memenuhi kebutuhan karyawan-Mendukung manajemen pengetahuanMemperbaiki pengambilan keputusan
Is smartphone addiction associated with poorer interoceptive awareness? Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental research
Authors: Costa Rui
Published: December 2023

Substance addictions are related to poorer interoceptive awareness (IA), which refers to the conscious perception of internal bodily sensations. However, it is unclear whether poorer IA is related to smartphone addiction (SA), a problem of growing societal concern due to its adverse effects on mental health and sociability. By means of two studies conducted in Portugal, the present investigation examined if lower IA correlates cross-sectionally and longitudinally with greater SA, and if SA is reduced by relaxation exercises based on attention to interoceptive sensations. In Study 1, 376 participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). In Study 2, 92 women completed these measures before and after being randomly allocated to one of three conditions over four weeks: practice of autogenic training, practice of progressive muscle relaxation, passive control condition without practice of relaxation exercises. In both studies, lower IA correlated cross-sectionally with greater SA. In Study 2, increase in IA correlated with decrease in SA across time. Both relaxation techniques led to a reduction in SA, but only significantly so among the autogenic training group. Both relaxation techniques led to an increase in IA greater than the one observed in the control condition, but not significantly so. Reduction in SA among those who practiced a relaxation exercise (autogenic training or progressive muscle relaxation) was not mediated by increase in IA. Poorer IA might be a vulnerability factor not only for substance addictions, but also for SA. Autogenic training might reduce SA, but mechanisms other than IA enhancement might play a role in this effect.
KAJIAN KUALITAS SANAD HADIS TENTANG ORANG BERILMU PENGGANTI NABI (Studi Takhrij Hadis bi Lafdzhi)
Authors: Assidiq Ahmed Mugifar
Published: December 2023

Ilmu adalah penghetahuan tentang objek tertentu yang disususn secara sistematis, objektif, dan empiris sebagai hasil. Ilmu dapat mengantarkan seseorang menuju kepada kebajikan dan ketaqwaan. Sebab ketaqwaan itu, seseorang dapat memperoleh kemuliaan di sisi Allah SWT dan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Pertama, mencari kata kunci pada potongan hadis yang di temukan. Kedua, melakukan pencarian hadis pada kitab hadis dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang tertera pada kitab hadis al-Jami’ Ash-Shogir fii Ahadi sal-Basyir an-Nadzir karangan al-Imam Jalaluddin Abdurrahman as-Suyuthi. Ketiga, membuat pohon sanad dan menguraikan serta mengkritik para perawi. Keempat, menyimpulkan hasil dari poin pertama sampai ketiga. Setelah melakukan penelitian pada sanad-sanad yang terdapat pada hadis tersebut. Penulis hanya menemukan satu sanad yaitu riwayat sahabat Shadiy bin Ajlan (Abu Umamah) dan mukorrijnya yakni Imam Turmudzi.
Does Growing Economy And Better Governance Impede Banking Efficiency? A DEA Analysis
Authors: Abdul Qadeer
Published: December 2023

The paper estimates the efficiencies of Pakistani banking sector from 1998-2009. The analysis is further extended and regressed estimated banking efficiencies by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with macro-economic indicators and corporate governance variables of the banking sector. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the impact of overall economic conditions of a country and corporate governance practices on banking efficiencies. The results suggest that the corporate governance practices, like, board size, board independence have positive impact on overall banking sector efficiencies of Pakistan. Also, the GPD growth and interest rates have positive and negative impact on banking efficiencies respectively. The study has not found any significant difference in banking efficiencies of state-owned, private and foreign banks of Pakistan.
Mendo'akan Jenazah dengan Ikhlas
Authors: Mulyaningsih Sri
Published: December 2023

Shalat secara bahasa bisa bermakna doa, sedangkan menurut istilah syara’ adalah “ibadah yang mengandung ucapan-ucapan dan amalan-amalan yang khusus, dimulai dengan takbir, diakhiri dengan salam. Shalat dalam agama Islam menempati kedudukan yang tak dapat ditandingi oleh ibadah manapun juga. Urgensi shalat dalam Islam berkaitan dengan sendi agama. Ketika ada seseorang yang telah meninggal, hal yang perlu kita lakukan pada orang yang telah meninggal tersebut adalah dengan mengembalikannya kembali dengan menguburkannya ke tanah. Dalam agama Islam memiliki aturan dalam berbagai aspek dari segi kehidupan, tentunya dalam hal memperlakukan jenazah. Sebelum jenazah mulai dikuburkan wajib hukumnya untuk memandikan jenazah serta menyalatkan jenazah dahulu. Salat jenazah merupakan shalat yang dijalankan untuk mendo’akan seorang muslim atau muslimah yang telah meninggalkan dunia teruntuk laki-laki maupun perempuan, orang dewasa juga anak-anak. Ketika ada seseorang yang telah meninggal, hal yang perlu kita lakukan pada orang yang telah meninggal tersebut adalah dengan mengembalikannya kembali dengan menguburkannya ke tanah. Dalam agama Islam memiliki aturan dalam berbagai aspek dari segi kehidupan, tentunya dalam hal memperlakukan jenazah. Sebelum jenazah mulai dikuburkan wajib hukumnya untuk memandikan jenazah serta menyalatkan jenazah dahulu. Amal ibadah untuk mendoakan orang yang sudah meninggal dilakukan oleh sebagian masyarakat dengan cara bertawassul, salawat, tahlilan, yasin dan sedekah yang bertujuan sampainya balasan atau pahala doa tersebut dari Allah swt. Untuk mayyit. Dengan melakukan cara di atas maka terjadi perbedaan persepsi yang kemudian melahirkan perselisihan dalam menanggapi cara yang dilakukan oleh sebagian masyarakat itu. Dalam artian, saat seseorang meninggal dunia maka jasadnya atau badannya saja yang hancur dan rusak, sedangkan rohnya tetap hidup dan tidak meninggal. Sebab, mereka berada di alam barzah.
Strategic Planning
Authors: Rahman Muni Arini
Published: December 2023

Perencanaan strategi adalah proses memutuskanprogram-program yang akan diambil organisasidan perkiraan jumlah sumber daya yang dialokasikan untuk masing-masing program selama beberapa tahun ke depan.
Kajian Ilmu Rijal Analisis: Perawi Hadis dalam Hadis Husnil Islam
Authors: Maharani Nadia Devita
Published: December 2023

Abstrak ini membahas tentang Kajian Ilmu Rijal sebagai disiplin kritis dalam ilmu hadis, dengan fokus pada analisis perawi hadis. Ilmu Rijal, sebagai cabang ilmu hadis, memeriksa keandalan dan integritas perawi hadis untuk memastikan keabsahan serta otentisitas suatu hadis. Ilmu Rijal adalah cabang ilmu hadis yang berkaitan dengan penelitian terhadap perawi hadis, dengan fokus pada menilai keandalan, integritas, dan keabsahan mereka sebagai sumber ajaran Islam.Hadis dari husnil islam ini secara langsung menyatakan bahwa tanda baiknya keislaman seseorang adalah meninggalkan sesuatu yang tidak bermanfaat, prinsip-prinsip kebaikan dan moral yang ditekankan dalam Islam memberikan landasan bagi konsep ini. Studi ini penting karena hadis adalah salah satu sumber ajaran Islam yang penting dan sering digunakan sebagai panduan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan memastikan keabsahan dan keandalan hadis, umat Islam dapat memahami ajaran Islam dengan lebih baik dan menghindari kesalahan dalam mengambil keputusan berdasarkan hadis
Telaah Hadis Silaturahmi
Authors: atikah
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran silaturahim sebagai pintu rezeki melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengeksplorasi kitab-kitab agama dan sumber online. Dengan mengumpulkan data dari sumber-sumber tersebut, penelitian ini mendapati bahwa silaturahim diakui sebagai faktor kunci dalam mendapatkan keberlimpahan rezeki. Penelitian ini mentakhrij sanad perawi dari hadis yang di pilih yaitu dari periwayatan musnad ahmad melalui situs https://www.hadisdigital.online/ dengan Langkah awal mencari kelengkapan potongan hadis lalu mencari jarh dan ta’dil dari para perawi hadis tersebut.
Recension du Prisme des réseaux sociaux, C. Bail
Authors: Marie Antoine
Published: December 2023

This is a short review, in French, of C. Bail's book Breaking the social media prism, for the journal Revue francaise de science politique.
KAJIAN ILMU RIJAL HADIS:TAKHRIJ SANAD HADIS TENTANG LARANGAN MENGEBIRI KUDA DAN BINATANG TERNAK
Authors: Alifya
Published: December 2023

Dalam sebuah riwayat Abdullah ibn Umar, seorang Sahabat Nabi melaporkan Nabi melarang mensterilkan kuda dan hewan lainnya. Namun, menurut hadis lain, Nabi dikatakan telah mengizinkan sterilisasi hewan selama dilakukan sejak awal hidupnya dan bukan saat hewan tersebut mencapai usia dewasa .Karena itu, Sheikh Sayyed mengatakan, kebiri hewan ini mungkin dapat diterima oleh hewan peliharaan netral seperti kucing. Terutama jika seseorang ingin mencegah kelahiran banyak anak kucing yang tidak diinginkan.artikel ini membahas tentang meneliti sanad hadis tentang larangan mengebiri kuda dan binatang ternak.
Kajian Kualitas sanad Hadits Tentang Perceraian (kajian takhrij hadits)
Authors: Rahayu Salamah
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari kajian kualitas Sanad dalam hadits perceraian adalah agar lebih mengetahui apakah hukum di dalamnya benar dan apakah di dalam hadits itu terdapat ‘llat atau tidak, dan apakah hadits itu adalah hadits yang shohih atau dhoif , maka dari itu melatar belakangi dari hal perceraian , perceraian adalah istilah dari kata perpisahan anatara suami dan istri dalam status perkawinan, dari perceraian itu status mereka bukan lah sebagai suami atau istri lagi. dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan menggunakan studi pustaka menggunakan aplikasi dan webset webset Hadits seperti haditsdigital , maktabah syamilah yang keduanya saling bertautan dan bekerja sama.dan hasil dari penelitian takhrij ini yaitu bahwa hadits yang di paparkan adalah sebuah hadits yang shohih karna rantai Sanad atau pohon sanad yang tidak terputus dan juga perowinya oarang oarang yang tsiqah didalamya ada Abdullah bin abbas , Al-Qamah bin qays,muhammad bin sirin , ibnu aun dan juga said bin amr , yang dapat di percaya serta kuat hafalanya maka dari itu hadits di atas benar hukumnya tentang perceraian.
Kajian Sanad Hadits tentang Menjilat Jari Setelah Makan (Studi Takhrij Hadis Bil Lafzhi)
Authors: Hendiyanti Nisa
Published: December 2023

Menjilat tangan setelah makan bukan hanya sekadar rutinitas kebersihan, tetapi sebuah praktik yang melihat jauh sejarah dan budaya manusia. Praktik ini sering kali dianggap sebagai tanda sopan santun, memiliki sejarah yang di berbagai masyarakat seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis dan dalam pengolahan. datanya adalah pertama, mencari kata kunci pada potongan hadis yang ditemukan. Kedua, melakukan pencarian hadits pada kitab hadits ataupun aplikasi pencarian hadits dengna menggunakan kata kunci yang terdapat di Mu'jam Mufahras li alfaazhil Hadits. Ketiga, membuat skema pohon sanad serta menguraikan para perawi, dan yang terakhir menyimpulkan poin tertama hingga poin terakhir. Setelah melakukan penelitian, penulis menemukan tiga jenis. sanad yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain dan saling bertemu pada perawi Abu Dawud Al- Hafari, Sufyan, Abu Al-Zubayr, dan Jabir.
RIBA
Authors: zahra Camila jiana
Published: December 2023

• Riba secara bahasa: tambahan (ziyadah)• Riba menurut istilah syariah:الربا هو كل زيادة الحد المتعاقدين في عقد المعاوضة من غير مقابل أو هو الزيادة في مقابل الجلRiba adalah setiap tambahan bagi salah satu pihak yang berakad dalam akad pertukaran, tanpa ada pengganti, atau riba adalah tambahan sebagai pengganti dari waktu. (Abdul Aziz al-Khayyath, Asy-Syarikat, 2/168)
Kajian Kualitas Sanad Hadis tentang Sumpah
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: December 2023

This article presents an in-depth examination of the sanad (chain of narrators) quality of hadiths related to oaths, specifically focusing on the takhrij study of hadith bi lafzhi. Through this approach, the author aims to assess the authenticity and consistency of hadith narratives concerning oaths within the Islamic tradition. The research methodology employed encompasses the analysis of both sanad (chain of narrators) and matan (text of the hadith), taking into consideration critical factors such as the justice of narrators, clarity of the chain, and consistency with Islamic teachings. The article also discusses the significant impact of accurate understanding of hadiths related to oaths in the contexts of Islamic law and ethics. The findings of this study are expected to make a meaningful contribution to hadith literature, enriching the Islamic community's understanding of oaths within the framework of Islam.
Kajian Kualitas Sanad Hadis tentang Tertawa Berlebihan
Authors: Romi Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This article delves into the phenomenon of individuals experiencing difficulty in expressing excessive laughter. Through a multidimensional approach, it highlights the psychological, neurological, and social aspects involved in this condition. The review encompasses factors that may affect one's ability to control their laughter response, as well as its impact on social interactions and emotional well-being. Additionally, the article discusses potential management strategies, including psychological approaches, cognitive behavioral therapy, and social interventions aimed at aiding these individuals in integrating into social settings without feeling marginalized. By emphasizing the importance of a deep understanding of this challenge, the article aims to initiate dialogue, raise awareness about the needs of individuals unable to exhibit excessive laughter, and advocate for efforts to create a more inclusive environment for them within society.
Geochronology and geodynamics of collision magmatism in the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane in Scotland and Ireland
Authors: Gemmell Chloe , Neill Iain , Currie David , Wildman Mark , Spruzeniece Liene , MacRae Careen , Einsle Joshua
Published: December 2023

The relationship between igneous activity and the geodynamics of subduction and collision is uncertain in northern Britain and Ireland, which lay on the Laurentian margin during accretion of Baltica and peri-Gondwanan terranes during the Palaeozoic Caledonian - Acadian orogenies. There is uncertainty over the relevance and timing of Iapetus slab breakoff beneath the Laurentian margin, and modest attention has been paid to typical characteristics of collision magmatism such as its trans-crustal nature and association with ore deposits. The Southern Uplands-Down-Longford terranes were an ocean-continent accretionary complex north of the Iapetus suture and present a natural laboratory to better constrain some of these issues. The terrane is cut by plutonic, hypabyssal, and volcanic complexes whose emplacement overlaps the docking of peri-Gondwanan terranes. Together with existing geochronological data, new laser ablation U-Pb data for the Carsphairn, Bengairn, and Cheviot plutons and the Black Stockarton Moor sub-volcanic complex in Scotland, allow us to identify populations of antecrystic and emplacement-related zircons. The complexes have records of antecrystic zircon growth up to ~30 Myr prior to emplacement, and some plutonic facies could be derived largely from remobilised crystal mushes formerly stored in the lower crust. Crystallisation of magmas began at ~424 Ma as the Iapetus slab began to roll back from the Laurentian margin, permitting melting of the mantle beneath the accretionary complex. The timing of breakoff is potentially constrained to ~420-418 Ma by the cessation of sedimentation in the accretionary prism and the onset of magmatism directly above the suture. Subsequent emplacement from 417 – 387 Ma may be driven by a combination of under-thrusting of Gondwanan lithosphere, sub-lithospheric convection, and a trans-tensional upper plate regime.
Obedience to authority reduces cognitive conflict before an action
Authors: Caspar Emilie A. , Pech Guillaume
Published: December 2023

How obeying orders impacts moral decision-making remains an open question, despite its significant societal implications. The goal of this study was to determine if cognitive conflict, indexed by mid-frontal theta activity observed before an action, is influenced by the context of obedience. Participants came in pairs and were assigned roles as either agent or victim. Those in the agent role could either decide freely or follow the experimenter's instructions to administer (or refrain from administering) a mildly painful electric shock to the victim in exchange for a small monetary reward. Mid-frontal theta activity was recorded before the agent made their keypress. Results indicated that mid-frontal theta activity was reduced when participants obeyed the experimenter's orders compared to when they acted of their own volition, even though the outcomes of the actions were similar. This finding suggests that obeying orders diminishes cognitive conflict preceding moral decisions that could harm another person. This study sheds light on a potential mechanism explaining how obedience can obscure moral clarity and lessen our innate aversion to harming others.
Modality Influences Perceived Film Suspense But Not Time Perception
Authors: Kläffling Lara , Sittel Julian , Huff Markus
Published: December 2023

The present preregistered study tested whether perceived suspense in horror films is responsible for the feeling of time flying. Because suspense, the feeling of excitement, narrows the attentional focus and time perception also relies on attentional processes, suspenseful film watching might eventually influence the perception of time. We investigated the effects of perceived suspense in horror film excerpts and film modality (visual vs. audio-visual) on time perception by using a prospective time reproduction paradigm. Participants watched short film clips from classic horror films in which a red cross was overlaid for a short period of time. Participants reproduced the duration of the red cross and rated their perceived level of suspense for each film clip. Results showed that audio-visual film clips led to higher suspense ratings. However, the expected interaction of film modality and perceived suspense level on time perception performance, higher levels of suspense leading to shorter temporal reproductions for audio-visual than visual clips, was not significant. Finally, an exploratory analysis showed that the presence of auditory information influenced the perceived suspense more for endogenous suspenseful film clips (i.e., film clips with ambiguous visual information) than for exogenous suspenseful film clips (i.e., film clips with non-ambiguous visual information). We discuss the findings in the light of current theories of emotion, time perception, and film.
Influence of presentation duration on filtering of irrelevant stimuli in visual working memory
Authors: Qiang Liu , Yin Xiaomin , Guo Lijing , Ye Chaoxiong
Published: December 2023

In an environment teeming with distractions, the ability to selectively focus on relevant information is crucial for advanced cognitive processing. Existing research utilizing event-related potential (ERP) technology has indicated active suppression of irrelevant stimuli during the consolidation phase of visual working memory (VWM). In previous studies, participants have always been given sufficient time to consolidate VWM while suppressing distracting information. However, a question remains as to whether the suppression of irrelevant distractors requires continuous effort throughout their presence or whether this suppression is only necessary after the consolidation of task-relevant information. To address this question, our study examines the necessity of distractor suppression processing in scenarios where consolidation time is limited. This research explores how varying the presentation duration affects the filtering of distractors in VWM. We tasked participants with memorizing two color stimuli while ignoring four distractors presented for either 50 ms or 200 ms. Utilizing ERP technology, we discovered that the distractor-induced distractor positivity (PD) amplitude is larger during longer presentation durations compared to shorter ones. These findings highlight the substantial influence of the presentation duration on the efficacy of distractor suppression in VWM, as prolonged exposure results in a stronger suppression effect on distractors. This study illuminates the temporal dynamics of attention and memory, emphasizing the critical role of stimulus timing in cognitive tasks. It provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying VWM and has implications for models of attention and memory.
Why we should all be reflexive: The case for reflexivity in quantitative science
Authors: Lammer Laurenz
Published: December 2023

While reflexivity is an established hallmark of good scientific practice in qualitative research, it is practically non-existent in predominantly quantitative fields. Here, I argue that an awareness and acknowledgement of researchers’ influence on their work could contribute substantially to the quality of quantitative research. Basing my argument on the widely held values of transparency and rigour and corroborating my further premises with evidence and reasoning from metascience and the history, sociology and philosophy of science, I conclude that reflexivity ought to be endorsed by quantitative researchers, too. To illustrate the implementation of reflexivity, opportunities for its gainful application in a quantitative demonstration example are provided. Moreover, I highlight potential challenges for reflexive practices arising from current incentive structures and epistemic injustice but also discuss how reflexivity should contribute to its dismantling. Finally, I argue that the well-developed method of reflexivity offers a very convenient tool to quantitative scientists to strive for greater rigour and transparency.
How Much Should We Trust Non-Experimental Studies of Parental Monitoring?
Authors: Davis Isabella , Aks Isabel R. , Patel Herry , Leitz Lara , Pelham William E.
Published: December 2023

What we know about parental monitoring today comes almost entirely from non-experimental studies linking parental monitoring to youth problem behavior. However, non-experimental designs produce accurate findings only when there is no confounding of the association between monitoring and the outcome of interest. Using data on 11,880 youth ages 9-15 years old, we show there is much confounding: 57 of 74 tested potential confounders were significantly associated with both parental monitoring and youth problem behaviors. Together, the potential confounders explained 54-100% of the association between monitoring and problem behavior across our analyses. We conclude that confounding poses a major unaddressed threat to the validity of previous findings on parental monitoring, calling into question both the science and its clinical applications.
A mixed methods examination of session planning among public mental health therapists
Authors: Last Briana Shiri , Kiefer Madeline , Yang Yuanyuan , Annur Ahnaf , Schaffer Emily , Dallard Natalie , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: December 2023

Session planning is a core activity for implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs), yet it is unclear if public mental health settings provide the support for therapists to engage in session planning. This two-part study conducted in collaboration with EBP leaders in Philadelphia’s public mental health system deployed mixed methods to examine therapists’ session planning practices and preferences. In Study 1, 61 public mental health therapists completed an online survey to identify session planning barriers and facilitators, current practices, and desired planning supports. In Study 2, nine therapists who ranked a session planning tool as a top choice support in Study 1 participated in two focus groups to elaborate on their survey responses and provide feedback on three session planning tool prototypes. Study 1 survey respondents cited multi-level barriers and facilitators to session planning. In both closed- and open-ended responses, analyzed descriptively and via content analysis respectively, therapists described wanting more time, lower caseloads, financial incentives for session planning, and additional clinical resources and guidance from trainings, peers, and supervisors to support session planning. Study 2 focus group participants, whose responses were analyzed using content analysis, reiterated the need for these multi-level supports and expressed the need for a “one-stop” database of session planning tools that would be free, easily searchable, and modifiable for varied clinical needs. All three session planning tool prototypes reviewed were acceptable; two were also considered feasible and appropriate. This investigation of an under-studied aspect of the EBP implementation process reveals the need for multi-level session planning supports.
Procedural Conservatism of National Courts in Asylum Adjudication
Authors: Bekisz Hubert
Published: December 2023

With the principle of procedural autonomy of the Member States, harmonization of substantive law proceeds without complex harmonization of procedures in most policy fields covered by European Union (EU) competences. Yet, with its sector-specific rationales (safeguarding the human rights of asylum seekers through procedural fairness and preventing a regulatory race to the bottom), proceduralization has been an objective of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) since its inception. The 2013 Asylum Procedures Directive and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or Court) design a model of exercising the right to an effective remedy before a court or tribunal by asylum seekers at the national level. It is expected that, in appeal proceedings, an independent court or tribunal provides a full and ex nunc examination of both facts and points of law, ensures the suspensive effect of an appeal (the right to stay in the territory of the Member State pending the outcome of an appeal), or, in circumstances of ‘procedural ping-pong’ against the first-instance asylum authority, it issues the final decision in merits, even in the lack of competences in national procedural law. By that, the CJEU formulates its normative expectations, entrusting judges of national courts with tasks aiming at securing effective judicial protection.
You Can Leave The Autocracy, But Will The Autocracy Leave You? Subjective Well-being of Russian Political Migrants in 2022
Authors: Sergeeva Ivetta , Kamalov Emil
Published: December 2023

Due to political crises, millions of people have moved beyond their autocratic home countries in search of a more secure life. However, the influence and control of these autocratic regimes often follow them on this journey. By examining the case of Russian emigration following the full-fledged invasion of Ukraine in 2022, we demonstrate how the direct and indirect actions of autocratic home countries can undermine the subjective well-being of migrants. Utilizing a unique panel survey and in-depth interviews, our findings reveal that the actions of autocratic home countries are significantly connected to the migrants' well-being, often more so than traditional determinants like income and employment. Fears of transnational repression, instilled by the Russian government and widespread among Russian migrants, correlate with a reduction in subjective well-being comparable to the effects of income loss and unemployment. Notably, the fear of discrimination, stemming from a host-country backlash against the actions of autocrats, has a more detrimental effect on well-being than experienced discrimination, highlighting the psychological toll of anticipatory fears. The study also finds that group-based guilt and a sense of responsibility for Russia's actions in Ukraine may further exacerbate subjective well-being of migrants. The paper concludes that autocratic regimes maintain a substantial influence on the lives of their emigrants, frequently intensifying the potential negative impact of host countries. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex factors affecting the well-being of individuals forced to emigrate due to political crises. It also sheds light on how autocrats potentially diminish the resilience of political migrants to engage in home-country politics by undermining their psychological resources for action.
Ethically transformative experiences in hotels
Authors: Kuokkanen Henri , Kirillova Ksenia
Published: December 2023

Given the significance of transformation and the conceptualization of experiences that incorporate corporate social responsibility in their design to satisfy customers, this paper develops the concept of ethically transformative experiences and their consequences in commercial hotels. We define such experiences as occurrences that trigger outward-directed, lasting changes in a customer, manifested as future responsible consumption choices. We propose a design framework for such experiences and argue that hospitality and tourism organizations, with the micro-environment of a hotel as an example, are well positioned to design ethically transformative experiences. The outcome, a responsible consumer, amounts to a public good, providing a potential path for businesses to attain societal purpose and demonstrating connections between micro and macro-levels of transformation.
Green Macro-Financial Governance in the European Monetary Architecture: Assessing the Capacity to Finance the Net-Zero Transition
Authors: Guter-Sandu Andrei , Haas Armin , Murau Steffen
Published: December 2023

The Green Transition to net-zero carbon emissions in Europe requires massive financing efforts, with estimates of 620 billion EUR annually, but the headwinds are substantive. Central banks seem overstretched and busy tightening to combat inflation; treasuries are subject to austerity-inducing fiscal rules; and banking systems are afflicted by non-performing loans, fragmentation, and risk aversion. We employ the framework of ‘monetary architecture’ to analyse the EU’s monetary and financial system as a constantly evolving hierarchical web of interlocking balance sheets and study its capacity to find ‘elasticity space’ to meet the financing challenge. To this end, we draw on a four-step scheme for green macro-financial governance along the financial cycle of balance sheet expansion, funding, and final contraction. We find that, first, Europe’s monetary architecture still has ample elasticity space to provide a green initial expansion due to its developed ecosystem of national, subnational, and supranational off-balance-sheet fiscal agencies. Second, as mechanisms lack to consciously organise the distribution of long-term debt instruments across different segments, its capacity to provide long-term funding is limited. Third, institutional transformation in the last two decades have greatly improved the capacity of the European monetary architecture to counteract financial instability by providing emergency elasticity. Fourth, the capacity of the European monetary architecture to manage a final contraction of balance sheets is limited, which is a general quandary in modern credit money systems. Our analysis points to the need for further investigations into techniques for monetary architectures to manage long-term funding and balance sheet contractions.
The effect of reviewer geographical diversity on evaluations is reduced by anonymizing submissions
Authors: Zumel Dumlao James M. , Teplitskiy Misha
Published: December 2023

We study how geographical diversity among research evaluators affects the success of research producers. If evaluators favor work from their own countries (homophily), then producers from countries well-represented in the evaluator pool will benefit from homophily more often (differential access to homophily), resulting in a “geographical representation bias.” We test if this bias exists in science publishing using peer review data on 205K submissions to 60 journals published by the Institute of Physics Publishing. We find evidence of both homophily and differential access to homophily. Reviewers from the same country as the corresponding author are 4.78 percentage points more likely to review positively compared to other reviewers of the same manuscript. Authors from countries well-represented in the reviewer pool (e.g. USA, China, India) are 8-9 times more likely to be evaluated by same-country reviewers and benefit from homophily. Exploiting a policy shock that led to some papers being reviewed anonymously shows that anonymization causally reduces country homophily to a statistically non-significant level and, consequently, reduces representation bias. Geographical representation bias may be widespread, benefitting authors from wealthier countries that historically produced more research and have greater representation in the evaluator pool. Anonymization is an attractive tool for reducing this bias.
Origin countries' policies on low-waged migrant workers. Results from the RIGHTS policy database.
Authors: Ersanilli Evelyn
Published: December 2023

ILO estimates there are 169 million migrant workers in the world (ILO 2021). Once abroad, migrant workers are often engaged in low-waged employment, such as in factories work, agriculture, fisheries, construction or domestic work. The nature of these jobs and their migrant status make low-waged migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation and violation of their human and social rights. Many migrant workers face underpayment and non-payment of wages, forced over-hours, threats to their health and safety at work, violence, poor housing and restrictions on their movement. In some cases these violations occur in contravention of national laws, in other cases they take place in the absence of laws covering migrants’ rights.Migrants’ access to rights is often examined from the destination country side as these countries are responsible for making and upholding laws and policies on their territory. The role of origin countries receives much less attention. This is striking as origin countries have both an incentive and an international right to intervene. The RIGHTS project examines what measures origin countries take to support migrants’ access to rights and seeks to understand why countries take these measures – or refrain from taking them. The RIGHTS project focuses on labour emigration policies, meaning policies aimed at restricting, facilitating or directing migration of citizens for the purpose of labour, including policies on living and working conditions of migrant workers once abroad. Labour emigration policies can target (prospective) migrants before, during and after migration. They may be directed at migrants, at private companies involved in labour migration ─ most importantly recruitment companies ─, or at destination countries. This policy note presents an overview of the prevalence, and geographic and temporal spread of a core set of labour emigration policies across fifty origin countries of low-waged workers. The results show that countries are adopting an increasing number of policies. They also show regional variation in policies, that are partially related to variation in destination countries.
Inovasi Kebijakan dalam Pusaran Penerapan Sains dan Kepentingan Politik: Lesson Learnt Penanganan Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Seftyono Cahyo
Published: December 2023

COVID-19 saat ini sudah dianggap bukan ancaman di banyak negara (WHO, 2023). Di Indonesia sendiri, bahaya COVID-19 seolah sudah hilang dengan mulai dihapuskannya aturan terkait Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat atau PPKM. Presiden menyatakan menghapus PPKM melalui Instruksi Mendagri nomor 50 dan 51 tahun 2022 (Setneg, 2022). Namun demikian proses hingga munculnya penghapusan kebijakan PPKM dan kembalinya kita kepada era baru pasca-COVID-19 dimulai dari beragam tantangan penanganan pandemi. Kondisi yang saat ini kita hadapi berbeda dengan kondisi sebelum pandemi.Secara global penanganan pandemi COVID-19 dapat dikategorisasi menjadi dua pendekatan besar. Pendekatan yang pertama adalah peran negara yang semakin dominan atau otoriter (Manson, 2020) sebagaimana yang ada terjadi di Tiongkok (Hu dan Sidel, 2020) dan Vietnam (Taniguchi, 2022). Pendekatan yang kedua adalah dengan pendekatan yang demokratis (Kavanagh dan Singh, 2020). Pendekatan ini yang secara umum dilakukan oleh mayoritas negara di dunia dengan kapasitas masing-masing sebagaimana yang kemudian dimunculkan dalam pemeringkatan penanganan pandemi oleh The Lowy Institute dari Australia pada 2021 dan juga hasil kajian Jamison dkk pada 35 negara dari berbagai benua kecuali Afrika (2020).Meskipun terdapat dua corak pendekatan, sejatinya yang terjadi adalah dinamika pengarusutamaan sains dalam penanganan pandemi sesuai kapasitas masing-masing negara. Negara-negara dengan pilihan pendekatan otoriter, tetap saja menggunakan basis-basis saintifik dalam merespon pandemi. Pun demikian dengan negara yang memilih untuk berlaku demokratis, mereka juga menjadikan sains sebagai dasar respon pandemi. Dengan mengangkat penanganan pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia yang diperkuat dengan data lapangan dari Kota Depok dan Kota Surakarta , artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi bagaimana sains dan politik membentuk pilihan-pilihan kebijakan.
Climate Change Policy Preferences and Foreign State Behavior -- Survey Experimental Evidence on Reciprocal Defection
Authors: Rudolph Lukas
Published: December 2023

The Paris Agreement emphasizes transparency over individual country targets and achievements as coordination instrument to effective global climate policy. How does the (non-)compliance of third countries with their targets affect domestic public support for mitigation policy? Collective action theory proposes that citizens reciprocate defection, while recent research indicates that foreign state behavior is no relevant constraint to public support. We bring new evidence to this debate from high-quality population-representative survey experiments in Switzerland (N=3502), focusing on how citizens react to important emitters defecting from climate mitigation. We show that this matters for domestic policy support: defection is reciprocated strongly, reducing support for compliance with Paris-aligned policy overall, and ambition extent within both pro- and anti-climate-policy- camps of society. Moreover, high perceived ego- or sociotropic economic burden from the green transition increases this taste for reciprocal defection, making the formation of pro-mitigation policy majority coalitions more difficult if foreign countries defect.
Frontline Ethico-legal Issues in Childhood Cancer Genetics Research
Authors: Beauvais Michael J. S. , Sénécal Karine , Fernandez Conrad V , Sinnett Daniel , Rahimzadeh Vasiliki , Knoppers Bartha Maria
Published: December 2023

Clinical research involving child participants frequently raises both legal and ethical concerns that researchers, clinicians and parents must navigate in order to pursue relevant pediatric-centered investigation in health, and particularly in cancer care. The foundational ethico-legal principles governing research participation provide the necessary frameworks with which to evaluate how emerging genetic technologies can serve current and future childhood cancer research. Taking the best interests of the child as the primary consideration in all decisions affecting a child, this chapter explores issues regarding consent/assent and return of results in pediatric oncology research. With a primary focus on Canada, the USA, and Europe, we examine the issues presented by the use of next-generation sequencing, pharmacogenomics, and biobanking and data sharing in international consortia.
Do We Need a Social Media Accelerator?
Authors: Bail Christopher A. , Hillygus D. Sunshine , Volfovsky Alexander , Allamong Maxwell B. , Alqabandi Fatima , Jordan Diana , Tierney Graham , Tucker Christina , Trexler Andrew , van Loon Austin
Published: December 2023

We propose a collaborative environment for experimental research that would a) inform the future of social media; b) incubate new research on human behavior; and c) expand access to research opportunities among a more diverse group of researchers
The Fatal Absence of Evidence for Extraterrestrial Intelligence and its Consequence for Humanity.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: December 2023

The lack of any radio signals or other astronomical evidence supportive of the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life possessed of technology of sufficient sophistication to bring itself to our attention here on Earth is not, per se, evidence of an absence of life, or even intelligent life, in the cosmos itself, but it does indicate that any such advanced societies, if they have come into existence at all, may be extremely rare and comparatively short-lived, destroyed by the very technology that might have brought them to our notice. This, it will be suggested, is the solution to Fermi’s famous ‘paradox’, and the reason no SETI signals have been detected. The lessons we should learn are that life like that on our planet is very rare and precious, and we must not risk destroying it.