bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to Current Fumigation Practices in Western States Raspberry
Authors: Walters Tom W. , Bolda Mark , Zasada Inga A.
Published: June 2017

Red raspberry production in the western United States is heavily reliant on preplant soil fumigation to ensure the successful establishment and productivity of a planting. However, due to issues related to the regulation, availability, and economics of soil fumigation, alternatives are needed for current fumigation practices. Trials were conducted in commercial raspberry fields in California and Washington to evaluate alternatives to current fumigation practices in each region. In Washington, tarped bed fumigation with 1,3-dichlorpropene (1,3-D):chloropicrin (Telone C-35) performed as well as, and sometimes better than, the industry standard nontarped broadcast fumigation with Telone C-35 for the control of the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora rubi and the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. In one of the Washington trials, yield of raspberry grown in tarped bed-fumigated areas was 47% greater than the yield of plants grown in nontarped broadcast-fumigated areas. In California, a combination of chloropicrin:1,3-D (Pic-Clor 60) performed as well as the industry standard of methyl bromide:chloropicrin. Raspberry plants grown in soil fumigated with either of these fumigants were approximately 26% taller than plants grown in nonfumigated soil. Our results indicate that there are viable fumigation alternatives to the current fumigation systems used in Washington and California raspberry production systems.
General Anesthesia and Young Brain: What is New?
Authors: Jevtovic-Todorovic Vesna , Brambrick Ansgar
Published: June 2017

Considering that growing population of very young children is exposed to general anesthesia every year, it is of utmost importance to understand how and whether such practice may affect the development and growth of their very immature and vulnerable brains. Compelling evidence from animal studies suggests that an early exposure to general anesthesia is detrimental to normal brain development leading to structural and functional impairments of neurons and glia, and long-lasting impairments in normal emotional and cognitive development. Although the evidence from animal studies is overwhelming and confirmed across species examined from rodents to non–human primates, the evidence from human studies is inconsistent and not conclusive at present. In this review we focus on new developments in animal studies of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and summarize recent clinical studies while focusing on outcome measures and exposure variables in terms of their utility for assessing cognitive and behavioral development in children.
Weeding Out the Justification for Marijuana Treatment in Patients with Developmental and Behavioral Conditions
Authors: Nelson Theodora , Liu Yi Hui , Bagot Kara S. , Stein Martin T.
Published: June 2017

CASE: Alex is a 13-year-old adolescent with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-combined type, anxiety, and depression. He has been resistant to engaging in therapy and treatment with various medications has been unsuccessful. Alex's parents are concerned about his anxiety, isolation, oppositional behaviors, academic underachievement, truancy, and substance use. A recent altercation with his stepfather led to a police intervention and a brief removal of Alex from the home. Alex previously used alcohol and other drugs; at present, he reports that his current drug use consists of frequently smoking pot. Alex states that he uses marijuana to relieve his anxiety and does not understand why this is problematic as marijuana is now legal in his state.

Kevin is a 24-year-old adult man with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder, mild intellectual disability, and schizoaffective disorder. He has a long history of challenging and problematic behaviors including aggression toward self and others, property destruction, inappropriate sexual behaviors, elopement, emotional outbursts, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Past diagnoses include bipolar affective disorder, depression, and intermittent explosive disorder. Kevin is notably obese and somnolent. His current medications include 8 psychotropic medications, 3 antiallergy medications, levothyroxine, and a fish oil supplement. His father reports that medications have gradually been added and dosages increased over time. Two weeks ago, his new psychiatrist initiated a trial of medical marijuana. His father hopes that the marijuana will allow Kevin's other medications to be decreased or discontinued.

Linda is an 11-year-old girl with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and ADHD-inattentive subtype. Anxiety has been her most impairing condition, and Linda has been responding well to a treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. She is also working with her therapist on strategies to address her symptoms of ADHD. Linda has had no side effects from her medication and she and her family have been pleased with her progress. At a follow-up appointment, her mother brings an article from the lay press authored by a parent who claims that marijuana “saved” her autistic son. Linda's mother asks if marijuana should be considered for her daughter.
Visual and Motor Recovery After “Cognitive Therapeutic Exercises” in Cortical Blindness: A Case Study
Authors: De Patre Daniele , Van de Winckel Ann , Panté Franca , Rizzello Carla , Zernitz Marina , Mansour Mariam , Zordan Lara , Zeffiro Thomas A. , O'Connor Erin E. , Bisson Teresa , Lupi Andrea , Perfetti Carlo
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose:

Spontaneous visual recovery is rare after cortical blindness. While visual rehabilitation may improve performance, no visual therapy has been widely adopted, as clinical outcomes are variable and rarely translate into improvements in activities of daily living (ADLs). We explored the potential value of a novel rehabilitation approach “cognitive therapeutic exercises” for cortical blindness.

Case Description:

The subject of this case study was 48-year-old woman with cortical blindness and tetraplegia after cardiac arrest. Prior to the intervention, she was dependent in ADLs and poorly distinguished shapes and colors after 19 months of standard visual and motor rehabilitation. Computed tomographic images soon after symptom onset demonstrated acute infarcts in both occipital cortices.

Intervention:

The subject underwent 8 months of intensive rehabilitation with “cognitive therapeutic exercises” consisting of discrimination exercises correlating sensory and visual information.

Outcomes:

Visual fields increased; object recognition improved; it became possible to watch television; voluntary arm movements improved in accuracy and smoothness; walking improved; and ADL independence and self-reliance increased. Subtraction of neuroimaging acquired before and after rehabilitation showed that focal glucose metabolism increases bilaterally in the occipital poles.

Discussion:

This study demonstrates feasibility of “cognitive therapeutic exercises” in an individual with cortical blindness, who experienced impressive visual and sensorimotor recovery, with marked ADL improvement, more than 2 years after ischemic cortical damage.

Video Abstract availablefor additional insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A173).
Adverse Experiences in Childhood and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk From Adolescence Into Adulthood
Authors: London Stephanie , Quinn Kelly , Scheidell Joy D. , Frueh B. Christopher , Khan Maria R.
Published: June 2017

Background

Childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual abuse, has been found to be associated with sexual risk behaviors later in life. We aimed to evaluate associations between a broad range of childhood traumas and sexual risk behaviors from adolescence into adulthood.

Methods

Using data from Waves I, III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we used logistic regression to estimate the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR) for associations between 9 childhood traumas and a cumulative trauma score and three sexual risk outcomes (multiple partnerships, sex trade involvement, and sexually transmitted infection [STI]) in adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. We also examined modification of these associations by gender.

Results

Associations between cumulative trauma score and sexual risk outcomes existed at all waves, though were strongest during adolescence. Dose-response–like relationships were observed during at least 1 wave of the study for each outcome. Violence exposures were strong independent correlates of adolescent sexual risk outcomes. Parental binge drinking was the only trauma associated with biologically confirmed infection in young adulthood (AOR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.11), whereas parental incarceration was the trauma most strongly associated with self-reported STI in adulthood (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11–2.58). A strong connection was also found between sexual abuse and sex trade in the young adulthood period (AOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.43–2.49).

Conclusions

A broad range of traumas are independent correlates of sex risk behavior and STI, with increasing trauma level linked to increasing odds of sexual risk outcomes. The results underscore the need to consider trauma history in STI screening and prevention strategies.
GATA3 Immunohistochemistry for Distinguishing Sarcomatoid and Desmoplastic Mesothelioma From Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Berg Kyra B. , Churg Andrew
Published: June 2017

The separation of sarcomatoid and desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas from sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung metastatic to the pleura may be difficult, since both types of tumor can be morphologically similar and are frequently positive only for pan-keratin. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is most commonly used as an immunohistochemical marker of breast and urothelial carcinoma, but is also known to stain other types of tumors including some mesotheliomas. In this study we asked whether GATA3 stains could be used to distinguish sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas (N=19) from sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung (N=13). Tumor staining was scored for diffuseness and intensity, with a maximum possible score of 6. All 19 sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesotheliomas examined showed strong diffuse staining for GATA3 (no case scored <3, mean score±SD for all 19 cases 5.4±0.9), whereas only 2 of 13 sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung stained positively for GATA3 and the staining was weak and patchy (score 2 for each case, mean±SD for all 13 cases 0.4±0.8). There was no correlation between the intensity and diffuseness of GATA-3 staining and staining for traditional mesothelioma markers. Overall, any positive staining for GATA3 was 100% sensitive and 85% specific for sarcomatoid/desmoplastic mesothelioma. We conclude that strong diffuse staining for GATA3 favors a diagnosis of sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma over metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung; conversely, complete absence of GATA-3 staining is evidence against a diagnosis of sarcomatoid/desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma.
Effects of Portal Hypertension on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Asenbaum Ulrika , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Mandorfer Mattias , Nolz Richard , Furtner Julia , Reiberger Thomas , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Kaczirek Klaus , Trauner Michael , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus , Wibmer Andreas G.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of portal hypertension (PH) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assess diagnostic and prognostic implications in comparison to established imaging features of PH.

Materials and Methods

Institutional review board–approved retrospective study of 178 patients (142 men; median age, 59.4 years) with chronic liver disease undergoing MRI and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement between January 2008 and April 2015. Magnetic resonance imaging was assessed for established features of PH (splenic and portal vein diameters, portosystemic collaterals, ascites) and for features on 20 minutes delayed T1-weighted gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI, that is, relative liver enhancement (RLE), biliary contrast excretion, or portal vein hyperintensity or isointensity (ie, portal vein hyperintensity sign, PVHS). Statistics encompassed linear regression, logistic regression, and survival analysis.

Results

There was an inverse correlation between HVPG and RLE (r
2 = 0.18, P < 0.0001). On univariate analysis, clinically significant PH (ie, HVPG ≥ 10 mm Hg, n = 109) and severe PH (ie, HVPG ≥ 12 mm Hg, n = 99) were associated with delayed biliary contrast excretion (n = 33) and the PVHS (n = 74) (P < 0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between the PVHS and severe PH (odds ratio [OR], 3.33; P = 0.008), independently of spleen size (OR, 1.26; P = 0.002), portosystemic collaterals (n = 81; OR, 5.46; P = 0.0001), and ascites (n = 88; OR, 3.24; P = 0.006). Lower RLE and the PVHS were associated with lower 3-year, transplantation-free survival (hazards ratios, 0.98 and 3.99, respectively, P = 0.002 for all), independently of the Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores.

Conclusions

The presence of the PVHS on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI is an independent indicator of severe PH and may enable more accurate diagnosis. This feature and decreased hepatic contrast uptake may also comprise prognostic information.
Acute diarrhoea due to a Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli O8 : H19
Authors: Saupe Angela , Edel Birgit , Pfister Wolfgang , Löffler Bettina , Ehricht Ralf , Rödel Jürgen
Published: June 2017

Introduction. Identification of non-O157 Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections may be underestimated in microbiological diagnosis.

Case presentation. A 58-year-old woman developed diarrhoea with watery and subsequently mucous stool. Initial multiplex PCR testing revealed a positive result for stx2
. Culture isolation of a STEC was successful only after repeated inoculation of chromogenic E. coli media. Molecular characterization was performed and identified the isolate as stx
2e-positive STEC of serotype O8 : H19. The strain harboured lpfA, but not eae.

Conclusion. This case highlights the usefulness of initial multiplex PCR for diagnosis of non-O157 STEC infection.
ANIMAL-AIDED DESIGN – using a species’ life-cycle to improve open space planning and conservation in cities and elsewhere
Authors: Weisser Wolfgang W. , Hauck Thomas E.
Published: June 2017

Biodiversity underlies many of the ecosystem services demanded by humans. For cities, the design of ‘green infrastructures’ or ‘nature-based solutions’ has been proposed to maintain the provisioning of these services and the preservation of biodiversity. It is unclear, however, how such green infrastructure can be implemented, given existing planning practices that generally ignore biodiversity. Urban open spaces are normally designed by landscape architects with a primary focus on plants, aesthetic design and functionality for human users. As a consequence, conservation of species only plays a minor role, in fact, protected animals are often considered detrimental to the design, e.g. when the need to conserve a protected species demands modifications of a building project. Conversely, conservationists are often in favor of protected areas, also in cities, with little access for humans and no human design.

We propose ‘Animal-Aided Design’ (AAD) as a methodology for the design of urban open spaces, to integrate conservation into open space planning. The basic idea of AAD is to include the presence of animals in the planning process, such that they are an integral part of the design. For AAD, the desired species are chosen at the beginning of a project. The requirements of the target species then not only set boundary conditions for the design, but also serve as an inspiration for the design itself. The aim of AAD is to establish a stable population at the project site, or contribute to population growth of species with larger habitats. AAD thus allows a combination of good urban design with species conservation. We illustrate our approach with designs for urban spaces in Munich.
Inducible, tunable and multiplex human gene regulation using CRISPR-Cpf1-based transcription factors
Authors: Tak Yu Gyoung , Kleinstiver Benjamin P. , Nuñez James K. , Hsu Jonathan Y. , Gong Jingyi , Weissman Jonathan S. , Keith Joung J.
Published: June 2017

Targeted and inducible regulation of mammalian gene expression is a broadly important research capability that may also enable development of novel therapeutics for treating human diseases. Here we demonstrate that a catalytically inactive RNA-guided CRISPR-Cpf1 nuclease fused to transcriptional activation domains can up-regulate endogenous human gene expression. We engineered drug-inducible Cpf1-based activators and show how this system can be used to tune the regulation of endogenous gene transcription in human cells. Leveraging the simpler multiplex capability of the Cpf1 platform, we show that we can induce both synergistic and combinatorial gene expression in human cells. Our work should enable the creation of other Cpf1-based gene regulatory fusion proteins and the development of multiplex gene perturbation library screens for understanding complex cellular phenotypes.
Histamine signalingviathe metabotropic receptorTrapped in endoderm 1regulates courtship initiation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zaki Sadaf A. , Sandhu Jaspal , French Rachael L.
Published: June 2017

Understanding the role of genes in directing behavior is one of the primary goals of neuroscience. Mating behavior inDrosophilais controlled by male-specific splicing of the master regulatory genefruitless(fru), and the male-specific splice form,fruM, is both necessary and sufficient for all aspects of the courtship ritual. We have previously described the role ofTrapped in endoderm 1(Tre1) in courtship behavior.Tre1encodes an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that is essential for normal courtship behavior in male flies. We previously found that feminizingTre1-expressing cells in males via expression of the female-specific splicing factor Transformer (TraF) resulted in rapid courtship initiation. Here we confirm that Tre1 is required in neurons for normal courtship behavior, and present genetic evidence that Tre1 acts through the downregulation of the E-cadherin Shotgun, and that the neurotransmitter histamine is the likely Tre1 ligand. Our findings are the first evidence for metabotropic histamine receptors inDrosophila, and the first to demonstrate a role for histamine in courtship.
Inter-Tools: a toolkit for interactome analysis
Authors: Catabia Hannah Beth , Smith Caren , Ordovas Jose
Published: June 2017

Interactome analysis is an increasingly useful tool for discovering disease pathways. However, protein interaction data is scattered among different sources, and researchers must often sift through several large repositories before beginning a project. Inter-Tools allows users to search databases in the PSI-MITAB standard format for interactions meeting specified criteria, then combine them into a single, species-specific interactome dataset. It also produces graph files of interactome networks and performs basic analysis on user-input gene sets. Inter-Tools reduces the barriers to preliminary interactome investigation and hypothesis generation.
The influence of recollection and familiarity in the formation and updating of associative representations
Authors: Ozubko Jason D. , Moscovitch Morris , Winocur Gordon
Published: June 2017

Prior representations affect future learning. Little is known, however, about the effects of recollective or familiarity-based representations on such learning. We investigate the ability to reuse or reassociate elements from recollection- and familiarity-based associations to form new associations. Past neuropsychological research suggests that hippocampal, and presumably recollective, representations are more flexible than extra-hippocampal, presumably familiarity-based, representations. We therefore hypothesize that the elements of recollective associations, as opposed to familiarity-based representations, may be more easily manipulated and decoupled from each other, and facilitate the formation of new associations. To investigate this hypothesis we used the AB/AC learning paradigm. Across two recall studies we observed an advantage in learning AC word pairs if AB word pairs were initially recollected. Furthermore, AB word pairs were more likely to intrude during a final AC test if those AB word pairs were initially familiarity-based. A third experiment using a recognition version of the AB/AC paradigm ruled out the possibility that our findings were due to memory strength. Our results support the idea that elements in recollective associative traces may be more discretely coded, leading to their flexible use, whereas elements in familiarity-based associative traces are less flexible.
Experience-dependent epigenomic reorganization in the hippocampus
Authors: Duke Corey G. , Kennedy Andrew J. , Gavin Cristin F. , Day Jeremy J. , Sweatt J. David
Published: June 2017

Using a hippocampus-dependent contextual threat learning and memory task, we report widespread, coordinated DNA methylation changes in CA1 hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats specific to threat learning at genes involved in synaptic transmission. Experience-dependent alternations in gene expression and DNA methylation were observed as early as 1 h following memory acquisition and became more pronounced after 24 h. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment of functional categories related to synaptic transmission in genes that were hypomethylated at 24 h following threat learning. Integration of these data sets with previously characterized epigenetic and transcriptional changes in brain disease states suggested significant overlap between genes regulated by memory formation and genes altered in memory-related neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. These findings provide a comprehensive resource to aid in the identification of memory-relevant therapeutic targets. Our results shed new light on the gene expression and DNA methylation changes involved in memory formation, confirming that these processes are dynamic and experience-dependent. Finally, this work provides a roadmap for future studies to identify linkage of memory-associated genes to altered disease states.
Application of campus instructional support: two case studies
Authors: Clauss-Ehlers Caroline S. , Pasquerella Lynn
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how instructional support is a critical tool to promote the use of technology in research and teaching. A Campus-Wide Collaborative Model of Technological Instructional Support (CCMTIS) is presented that incorporates: integration of technology across campus; technical assistance; allocation of funding for technical assistance; support of faculty teaching style; and teaching that enhances learning through the use of technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach presents two case studies, one a large state research university, and the other a small liberal arts college.

Findings

Four overlapping themes emerge across the two case studies that demonstrate how: technology can connect classroom learning to career considerations and opportunities; develop writing and communication skills; promote career development through access to job search skills; and encourage professional development among faculty and staff.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations are that only two specific campus environments are examined. That these are differing environments, however, have implications for the model’s application to diverse campus settings.

Practical implications

A practical application is that the study demonstrates how the CCMTIS model can be applied to both classroom and campus. This has implications for other universities that may seek to replicate the model on their own campuses.

Social implications

The social implications indicate how learning occurs through an instructional support model that promotes collaboration. At the same time, ethical considerations related to instructional support are presented.

Originality/value

The manuscript reflects original work based on case studies that reflect the authors’ experiences.
Immunosuppressive efficacy of tetrandrine combined with methylprednisolone against mitogen‐activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of haemodialysis patients
Authors: Xu Wencheng , Meng Kehan , Kusano Junichi , Matsuda Hiroto , Hara Yoshikazu , Fujii Yoshiaki , Suzuki Shinya , Ando Eiki , Wang Xiaoqin , Tu Yuanchao , Tanaka Sachiko , Sugiyama Kentaro , Yamada Haruki , Hirano Toshihiko
Published: June 2017

Immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of acute rejection episode occasionally causes serious adverse effects, and thus it is important to develop new therapeutic approach for renal transplant recipients. This study evaluated the immunosuppressive pharmacodynamics of tetrandrine (TET) and/or methylprednisolone (MP) in haemodialysis patients in vitro by using the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood of haemodialysis patients. The median (range) of MP IC50 values against the proliferation of patients PBMCs was 7.04 (2.30‐500.00) ng/mL. In contrast, the median (range) of MP IC50 values against the proliferation of healthy PBMCs was 4.44 (3.19‐5.08) ng/mL. The median (range) of TET IC50 values against the proliferation of patients PBMCs was 1.61 (1.04‐4.79) μmol/L. Lower concentrations of TET (0.3‐300 nmol/L) were able to decrease the IC50 values of MP and thus potentiate the MP immunosuppressive effect on patient PBMCs. The median (range) of MP IC50 values in combination with 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 nmol/L TET were 0.92 (0.49‐8.39), 2.10 (0.45‐20.00), 0.35 (0.092‐1.05), and 0.14 (0.05‐6.78) ng/mL, respectively. TET potentiates the MP immunosuppressive pharmacodynamics and thus, it was possible to use the combination of MP and TET to attenuate MP side effects. There were significant correlations between the IC50 values of TET and stimulation indices (P=0.04, r=.58), the IC50 values of TET and the haemodialysis periods (P=0.04, r=.57), or the IC50 values of MP combined with 0.3 nmol/L TET and C‐reactive protein concentrations (P=0.04, r=.64), respectively.
Metacognition in speech and language therapy for children with social (pragmatic) communication disorders: implications for a theory of therapy
Authors: Gaile Jacqueline , Adams Catherine
Published: June 2017

Background

Metacognition is a significant component of complex interventions for children who have developmental language disorders. Research into how metacognition operates in the content or process of developmental language therapy delivery is limited. Identification and description of proposed active therapy components, such as metacognition, may contribute to our understanding of how to deliver complex communication interventions in an optimal manner.

Aims

To analyse aspects of metacognition during therapy derived from a manualized speech and language intervention (the Social Communication Intervention Programme—SCIP) as delivered to children who have social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD) and to examine the dynamic process of delivering therapy.

Methods & Procedures

A purposive sample of eight filmed therapy sessions was selected from the video data corpus of intervention‐arm participants within a randomized controlled trial. The child–therapist interactions during therapy sessions from five children (aged between 5;11 and 10;3) in the SCIP trial were transcribed. Filmed sessions represented a variety of communication profiles and SCIP therapy content. Starting from existing theory on metacognition, cycles of iterative analysis were performed using a mixed inductive‐deductive qualitative analysis. A preliminary list of metacognitive content embedded in the intervention was developed into a metacognitive coding framework (MCF). A thematic analysis of the identified metacognitive content of the intervention was then carried out across the whole sample.

Outcomes & Results

Thematic analysis revealed the presence of metacognition in the content and delivery of SCIP intervention. Four main themes of metacognitive person, task and strategy knowledge, and monitoring/control were identified. Metacognition was a feature of how children's ability to monitor language, pragmatic and social interaction skills, in themselves and other people, was developed. Task design and delivery methods were found to play a particular role in adjusting the metacognitive content of the therapy activities.

Conclusions & Implications

This study makes explicit the metacognitive content and delivery within a complex developmental communication intervention. Discussion of the findings about metacognitive content provides an explanation of how the skilled speech and language therapist manipulates task demands, person knowledge and therapy methods towards the therapy goal. Clinical applications of the metacognitive framework are discussed. We suggest that the process of making the tacit knowledge of the therapist explicit can contribute to the implementation of complex evidence‐based interventions.
Moderate Alcoholic Beer Consumption: The Effects on the Lipid Profile and Insulin Sensitivity of Adult Men
Authors: Nogueira Luciana C. , do Rio Rafaela F. , Lollo Pablo C. B. , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O.
Published: June 2017

Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. The purpose was to compare the effects of consuming alcoholic beer (AB) and nonalcoholic beer (NAB) on the biochemical blood parameters. Two beers were produced under known and controlled conditions from the same raw material, NAB (0.6%, v/v) and AB with the addition of 6% grain alcohol. Fifteen healthy adult men (aged 20 to 57 y) underwent 3 treatments (30 d per treatment). In Treatment 1 (Baseline), they followed their usual diet without drinking any alcoholic beverage; in Treatment 2, they added the daily consumption of 330 mL NAB; and in Treatment 3, they added the daily consumption of 330 mL AB. It was found that the use of AB for 30 d (16 g alcohol/d) reduced the blood insulin and fasting glucose, reducing insulin resistance. These data suggest that the daily intake of 330 mL AB could statistically change the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of adult men. The volunteers were healthy before and remained so after the intervention, with no change in their clinical status.
Modeling Water Quantity and Sulfate Concentrations in the Devils Lake Watershed Using Coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2
Authors: Shabani Afshin , Zhang Xiaodong , Ell Mike
Published: June 2017

Devils Lake is an endorheic lake in the Red River of the North basin in northeastern North Dakota. During the last two decades, the lake water level has risen by nearly 10 m, causing floods that have cost more than 1 billion USD in mitigation measures. Another increase of approximately 1.5 m in the lake water level would cause spillage into the Sheyenne River. To alleviate this potentially catastrophic spillage, two artificial outlets were constructed. However, the artificial drainage of water into the Sheyenne River raises water quality concerns because the Devils Lake water contains significantly higher concentrations of dissolved solids, particularly sulfate. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was coupled with the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to simulate both water balance and sulfate concentrations in the lake. The SWAT model performed well in simulating daily flow in tributaries with ENS > 0.5 and |PBIAS| < 25%, and reproduced the lake water level with a root mean square error of 0.35 m for the study period from 1995 to 2014. The water temperature and sulfate concentrations simulated by CE‐QUAL‐W2 for the lake are in general agreement with the field observations. The model results show that the operation of the two outlets since August 2005 has lowered the lake level by 0.70 m. Furthermore, the models show pumping water from the two outlets raises sulfate concentrations in the Sheyenne River from ~100 to >500 mg/L. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Changes in Streambed Composition in Salmonid Spawning Habitat of the Elwha River during Dam Removal
Authors: Peters Roger J. , Liermann Martin , McHenry Michael L. , Bakke Paul , Pess George R.
Published: June 2017

One uncertainty associated with large dam removal is the level of downstream sediment deposition and associated short‐term biological effects, particularly on salmonid spawning habitat. Recent studies report downstream sediment deposition following dam removal is influenced by proximity to the source and river transport capacity. The impacts of dam removal sediment releases are difficult to generalize due to the relatively small number of dam removals completed, the variation in release strategies, and the physical nature of systems. Changes to sediment deposition and associated streambed composition in the Elwha River, Washington State, were monitored prior to (2010‐2011) and during (2012‐2014) the simultaneous removal of two large dams (32 and 64 m). Changes in the surface layer substrate composition during dam removal varied by year and channel type. Riffles in floodplain channels downstream of the dams fined and remained sand dominated throughout the study period, and exceeded levels known to be detrimental to incubating salmonids. Mainstem riffles tended to fine to gravel, but appear to be trending toward cobble after the majority of the sediment was released and transported through system. Thus, salmonid spawning habitats in the mainstem appear to have been minimally impacted while those in floodplain channels appear to have been severely impacted during dam removal.
Perioperative COX‐2 inhibitors may increase the risk of post‐operative acute kidney injury
Authors: Abrahamsson A. , Oras J. , Snygg J. , Block L.
Published: June 2017

Background

In enhanced recovery protocols (ERP), a restrictive fluid regimen is proposed. Patients who undergo major surgery have an increased risk of post‐operative acute kidney injury (AKI). This combination may pose difficulties when ERP is used for patients undergoing major surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and treated with a restrictive fluid regimen are at greater risk of post‐operative AKI. Furthermore, if there was an increased risk of AKI, we aimed to identify its cause.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent pancreatic surgery during 2014 (preERP, n = 58) and 2015 (ERP, n = 65). Fluid balance, the administration of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors, creatinine levels and mean arterial pressure were recorded. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria were used to define AKI.

Results

The incidence of AKI was higher in the ERP group than in the PreERP group (12.5% vs. 1.8%, respectively, P = 0.035). The increased incidence of AKI could not be explained by differences in comorbidities, age, pre‐operative creatinine or perioperative hypotension. Administration of coxibs was higher in the ERP group and was associated with increased incidence of post‐operative AKI (P = 0.018). The combination of coxibs and restrictive fluid regimen seems particularly harmful.

Conclusion

Pancreatic surgery with a restrictive fluid regimen carries an increased risk of post‐operative AKI if patients are also treated with cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors. It is therefore suggested that in protocols including a restrictive fluid regimen for open pancreatic surgery, the use of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors should be avoided.
Clinical guideline for the management of odontogenic infections in the tertiary setting
Authors: Vytla S , Gebauer D
Published: June 2017

Background

Odontogenic infections are a common presentation to emergency departments of Australian hospitals. Due to the limited training in diagnosis and treatment of dental conditions, these patients can present a challenge for the medical practitioner. The objective of this study was to provide an evidence‐based approach to the management of odontogenic infections in adults presenting to Royal Perth Hospital.

Methods

A literature search was conducted to identify evidence‐based guidelines for the management of odontogenic infections in the tertiary hospital setting. Keywords ‘dental’, ‘infections’ and ‘management’ were used to search PubMed, DynaMed and Embase databases.

Results

Recommendations were drawn from existing literature including coroner reports with respect to clinical assessment, investigations, medical and surgical management, and postoperative care. A flow chart, incorporating these recommendations, was created to allow for appropriate disposition of patients presenting with odontogenic infections to Royal Perth Hospital.

Conclusions

A clinical guideline is needed to appropriately manage patients presenting with odontogenic infections. We recommend the guideline be submitted to intradepartmental committees for assessment.
Use of Estradiol Promotes Graft‐Bone Healing in Rabbit Model of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With a Polyethylene Terephthalate Ligament
Authors: Chai Fang , Wan Fang , Jiang Jia , Wang Siheng , Chen Shiyi
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the local use of estradiol after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament graft could promote graft‐bone healing. A total of 45 New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACL reconstruction with a PET ligament graft. The experimental groups were administered a local estradiol injection at either a low dose after surgery or a high dose after surgery, and the control group did not receive an injection. Computed tomography (CT) scans and blood sample collection were routinely performed in all three groups. Over time, the serum estradiol levels increased in both experimental groups, and the CT images revealed a trend of a shrinking bone tunnel area in all three groups. The rabbits were randomly sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The load to failure and stiffness of the experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks. The histological study identified more bone mineralization in the experimental groups at 4 weeks after surgery compared to the control group. This study showed that the use of estradiol is a promising approach in promoting graft‐bone healing in rabbits undergoing ACL reconstruction with a PET ligament graft.
Editorial: tackling hepatorenal syndrome—terlipressin for all, or time for a stratified approach?
Authors: Gifford F. J. , Fallowfield J. A.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Gifford et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13912.
Editorial: is ribavirin needed in the treatment of post‐transplant hepatitis C recurrence?
Authors: Schmidt‐Martin D. , Elsharkawy A. M.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Pillai et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14059.
Letter: the efficacy of oltipraz in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease has not been confirmed
Authors: Wang S. Y. , Lin J.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Kim and Kim, and Kim et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14146 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13981.
Letter: anti‐TNF dose de‐escalation in Crohn's disease—a case‐by‐case decision
Authors: Imperatore N. , Testa A. , Caporaso N. , Rispo A.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Steenbergen et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13964.
Editorial: does disease extension lead to disease progression in proctitis?
Authors: Lamba M. J. , Tharayil V. S. , Gearry R. B.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Roda et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14063.
Letter: the efficacy of oltipraz in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease has not been confirmed—authors’ reply
Authors: Kim W. , Kim Y. J.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Wang and Lin, and Kim et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14122 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13981.
Incidental detection of asymptomatic migration of Hem‐o‐lok clip into the bladder after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Iizuka Junpei , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Kondo Tsunenori , Takagi Toshio , Hata Keisuke , Kanzawa Taichi , Tachibana Hidekazu , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Tanabe Kazunari
Published: June 2017

Hem‐o‐lok clips have been widely used in laparoscopic or robot‐assisted surgery. We report a case of an incidentally discovered Hem‐o‐lok migration into the bladder after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The patient was a 75‐year‐old man with localized prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in July 2009. At 3 postoperative years, follow‐up ultrasonography revealed a small round mass in the bladder. No lower urinary tract symptoms were reported, and urinalysis results had never indicated hematuria or pyuria. Cystoscopy revealed a Hem‐o‐lok clip in the bladder, near the vesicourethral anastomotic site. We could not remove it with forceps in the outpatient clinic, so we performed the procedure again under general anesthesia and successfully removed the Hem‐o‐lok clip. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an asymptomatic Hem‐o‐lok migration into the bladder.
Safety and effectiveness of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in the treatment of Peyronie's disease using a new modified shortened protocol
Authors: Abdel Raheem Amr , Capece Marco , Kalejaiye Odunayo , Abdel‐Raheem Tarek , Falcone Marco , Johnson Mark , Ralph Oliver G. , Garaffa Giulio , Christopher Andrew N. , Ralph David J.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH; Xiapex®, Xiaflex®) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD) using a new modified treatment protocol that aims at reducing the number of injections needed and reducing patient visits, thus reducing the duration and cost of treatment.

Patients and Methods

A prospective study of 53 patients with PD who had treatment with CCH at a single centre using a new modified protocol. The angle of curvature assessment after an intracavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) were completed at baseline and at week 12 (4 weeks after the last injection). The Global Assessment of Peyronie's disease (GAPD) questionnaire was completed at week 12. Under a penile block of 10 mL plain lignocaine 1%, a total of three intralesional injections of CCH (0.9 mg) were given at 4‐weekly intervals using a new modified injection technique. In between injections patients used a combination of home modelling, stretching and a vacuum device on a daily basis to mechanically stretch the plaque. Investigator modelling was not performed.

Results

The mean (range) penile curvature at baseline was 54 (30–90)°. Of the 53 patients in the study, 51 patients (96.2%) had an improvement in the angel of curvature by a mean (range) of 17.36 (0–40)° or 31.4 (0–57)% from baseline after three CCH injections. The final mean (range) curvature was 36.9 (12–75)° (P < 0.001). There was an improvement in each of the IIEF questionnaire domains, all three PDQ domains and the GAPD. CCH was well tolerated by all patients with only mild and transient local adverse events.

Conclusion

The new shortened protocol using CCH treatment is safe, effective, and cost efficient. The results of using only three CCH injections according to this modified protocol are comparable to those of the clinical trials that used eight CCH injections.
Innovation diffusion and networking: Canada's evolving approach to lobbying regulation
Authors: Pross A. Paul , Shepherd Robert P.
Published: June 2017

Lobby legislation and regulation in Canada are relatively new. The federal government was the first to enact lobby legislation in 1989, requiring only the most basic information. Eight provinces have since proclaimed lobby legislation and another has legislation pending. This article explores whether there was a common trajectory for lobby regulations and identifies the factors fostering similarity and differentiation. Using diffusion theory and the theory of institutional development, we attempt to explain the variation between jurisdictions in adopting particular democratic and ethical tools and approaches. We conclude that a particular and unique Canadian approach to lobby legislation benefitted from the creation of a network of federal and provincial officials across the country.
Using soundscapes to detect variable degrees of human influence on tropical forests in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Burivalova Zuzana , Towsey Michael , Boucher Tim , Truskinger Anthony , Apelis Cosmas , Roe Paul , Game Edward T.
Published: June 2017

There is global concern about tropical forest degradation, in part, because of the associated loss of biodiversity. Communities and indigenous people play a fundamental role in tropical forest management and are often efficient at preventing forest degradation. However, monitoring changes in biodiversity due to degradation, especially at a scale appropriate to local tropical forest management, is plagued by difficulties, including the need for expert training, inconsistencies across observers, and lack of baseline or reference data. We used a new biodiversity remote‐sensing technology, the recording of soundscapes, to test whether the acoustic saturation of a tropical forest in Papua New Guinea decreases as land‐use intensity by the communities that manage the forest increases. We sampled soundscapes continuously for 24 hours at 34 sites in different land‐use zones of 3 communities. Land‐use zones where forest cover was fully retained had significantly higher soundscape saturation during peak acoustic activity times (i.e., dawn and dusk chorus) compared with land‐use types with fragmented forest cover. We conclude that, in Papua New Guinea, the relatively simple measure of soundscape saturation may provide a cheap, objective, reproducible, and effective tool for monitoring tropical forest deviation from an intact state, particularly if it is used to detect the presence of intact dawn and dusk choruses.