bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized comparative study between omentopexy and omental plugging in treatment of duodenal perforation
Authors: Mondal Debashis , Mukherjee Avijeet
Published: September 2019

Background: Perforation due to duodenal ulcer is a common cause of peritonitis and is considered as one of the most catastrophic complication of duodenal ulcer perforation. Repair of perforation are considered particularly hazardous because of the extensive duodenal tissue loss, friability of the ulcer margins, surrounding tissue inflammation, poor general condition of the patient and overwhelming sepsis due to bacterial peritonitis. Thus, there is a need to compare closure of duodenal perforations by either Graham’s patch (OX) or omental plugging (OP) which are the simpler and more common methods followed these days in duodenal perforation management.Methods: The clinical material consists of all inpatients admitted under General Surgery for management of duodenal ulcer perforation at College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Nadia. The study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to June 2019. This study consisted of 50 consecutive cases and diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and histopathological findings.Results: A total of 73 patients were enrolled for the study. All our patients were males. Wound infection (OX -21.1%, OP -14.3%), septicaemia (OX-15.8%, OP-11.4%), and lung complication (OX-13.2%, OP-11.4%) were the commonest complications. Mean postoperative stay for OX was 12.92 with standard deviation 3.00 while in OP was 11.54 with standard deviation 1.54 (statistically significant).Conclusions:OP is associated with less incidence of postoperative complication in compared to omentopexy procedure for example wound infection, reperforation, lung complication, septicemia and intra-abdominal abscess. OP is associated with less number of mortality. OP is associated with higher mean operative time as it is a relatively newer and less utilized technique.
Comparison of outcome of inguinal hernia repair by combined method of repair (Lichtenstein and Bassini repair) and its comparison with older techniques
Authors: Kumar Binod , Ansari M. Habibullah , Kumar Sushil , Bakhteyar M. Asjad Karim , Yadav Chandrahas , Yadav Tarkeshwar
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study is to compare outcome of inguinal hernia repair by combined method of repair (Lichtenstein and Bassini repair) and its comparison with older techniques.Methods: A prospective study conducted on 158 patients reported in surgery OPD Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna from July 2017 to June 2018 with inguinal hernia. All these patients were included in the study, operated by combined method of repair (Lichtenstein and Bassini repair) and followed up for 12 months. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 10.0.Results: Study involved 158 patients who were operated by combined repair. Pain on 1st post-operative day was similar with previous study. Complication was erythema, scrotal swelling, neuralgia, superficial wound infection and seroma formation in the order of frequency. The average hospital stay was 5 days for combined approach. Recurrence rate was 0% in combined approach following 1 year of follow-up.Conclusions: As compared with previous studies of hernia repair by Modified Bassini’s and Lichenstein mesh hernioplasty, combined approach have comparatively better outcome.
Clinicoradiological based risk assessment to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Challapalli Praneeth Reddy , Varty Gurudutt P. , Reddy Kunnuru Supreeth Kumar , Palanati Varun , Salavakam Muni Krishna , R. Rakesh , Gurjar Mayank Kumar , Desu Bharath Kumar , S. Thirunavukkarasu
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of the present study was to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy by clinical and radiological parameters.Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conversion to open surgery. Clinico-radiological laboratory parameters and imaging features were collected from patient. The study was categorized into Group 1 in which easy laparoscopic cholecystectomy case defined by total time taken for surgery less than 60 mins and no intra operative (surgical) and post-operative complications with postoperative hospital stay <48 hours. Group 2: Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy case defined by total time taken for surgery more than 60 min, intra operative and post-operative complications.Results: In group 2, total number of patients who presented with more than one attack of cholecystitis were 36 (62.1%). Dyspepsia was common symptom in both groups. More number of patients with previous history of upper abdominal surgery went for difficult lap cholecystectomy. Total number of patients in both the groups were who had hypertension were 31.2% in comparison with non-hypertensives who were 68.8%. Majority of the patients in difficult case group had gall bladder wall thickness >4 mm. Majority of patients in difficult case group had calculi size >25 μm. History of previous attacks of cholecystitis, history of previous upper abdominal surgery, gall bladder wall thickness >4 mm and pericholecystic collection can be taken as predictors for difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Conclusions: Preoperative prediction of a difficult cholecystectomy and explaining advantages and disadvantages of conversion are of great help both to the patient who can plan his work and the surgeon who can also schedule his time and team accordingly.
Is suture ligation of cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy a safe alternative to clipping? Our experience in a rural centre
Authors: Prabu K. R. Manoj , Balaji Dhinesh , Pai Vishwanath M.
Published: September 2019

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed nowadays. It remains an enigma regarding efficacy, safety and postoperative complications for using suture ligation for ligating cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of the present study was to study the efficacy of ligating the cystic duct with sutures in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: This prospective study was performed between June 2018 and April 2019 in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, in a rural center, Kanchipuram, India. All the patients included consented for the study. Patients who underwent subtotal cholecystectomy were excluded from the study.Results: The study included 70 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a single unit. All cases were operated by a single surgeon. Of the 70 patients, the Cystic duct (CD) was simply ligated in 55 patients with CD <5 mm in diameter. The CD in 15 of those patients had to be divided and sutured in continuity for wide CD (>5 mm). The mean time for ligation of cystic duct was 5 min. Similarly, the mean time for ligation of cystic artery was 1.50 min. The mean operative time was 50 mins. There were no postoperative complications, such as bile leakage.Conclusions: SL of the CD is a very safe and secure alternative to the application of metal clips. It can be used in dilated CD, readily available and very cost effective and the complications of clips are avoided. The only disadvantage is that it needs expertise to perform and subsequently increasing the operating time. This technique is recommended in all laparoscopic cholecystectomies, especially in difficult cases.
Supraclavicular artery island flap in the reconstruction of oral cavity cancer defects
Authors: Lekawale Hemant S. , Gaidole Rachana V.
Published: September 2019

Background: Microvascular free flaps are the standard of care in the reconstruction of head and neck resection defects, however they need a significant surgical expertise and increase the operative time. Supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap that offers the advantage of both, a regional flap (easy to harvest) and a free flap (thin and pliable) in the head and neck reconstruction.Methods: In this study we analysed the utility of this flap for the oral cavity cancer defect reconstruction done in 12 consecutive cases.Results: There were 8 males and 4 females with a mean age of 54.75 years. The oral cavity subsites were as follows: buccal 3 (25%); tongue 3 (25%); lower alveolus 2 (16.66%); floor of mouth 1 (8.33%); gingivobuccal sulcus 2 (16.66%); retromolar trigone 01(8.33%).The excisional defect size ranged from 4×2 cm to 6×3 cm with a mean size of 5×3 cm. The mean harvest time was 45 minutes (range 35 min - 65 min). We had complete flap loss in 2 (16.66%) patients and partial flap loss in 1 (8.33%) patient. Donor site wound gape was noted in 2 (16.66%) patients. The hospital stay ranged from 7 days to 10 days in non-complicated cases. The mean follow up period was of 8.58 months.Conclusions: SCAIF is versatile, easy to harvest, safe and reliable in selective cases of oral cavity cancers and a potential alternative regional flap in head and neck reconstruction.
Prevalence of anatomical variations of cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Singh Naveen Kumar , Kaul Roop Kishan , Gupta Aviral , Tiwari Sunil
Published: September 2019

Background: The objective of the present study was to observe prevalence of anatomical variations of cystic artery in patients with the aim of avoiding accidental damage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Patients (n=600) who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy after written and informed consent between October 2015 to October 2018 at Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad were followed prospectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed with 04 port technique with patients under anesthesia. Cystic artery’s anatomical variations with reference to triangle of calot in each patient undergoing the surgery was visualized through laparoscope and recorded.Results: Several anatomic variations of cystic artery were seen under laparoscope. Our experience with 600 cholecystectomies revealed that in majority of patients (85.67%; n=514), cystic artery was present in the boundaries of triangle of Calot, followed by outside the triangle of Calot seen in 13.33% (n=80) patients, while compound type was found in only 1% patients (n=6).Conclusions: Variations in the anatomy of cystic artery with reference to triangle of calot is seen very often. Knowledge of these variations helps in prevention of accidental hemorrhage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cystic artery is present inside the triangle of calot in majority of cases. We found that classification suggested by You-Ming et al is very useful.
Actynomicosis of the abdomen mimicking acute appendicitis
Authors: Molina Davila David , Espitia Francisco Terrazas , Figueroa Alejandro Corona , Hernandez Jose Donis , Cal Y. Mayor Jimena Gonzalez
Published: September 2019

Bacteria of the genus Actinomyces are non-spore-forming filamentous, Microaerophilic or strict anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli, mainly belonging to the human commensal flora of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract; Actynomicosis israelii is most frequently isolated in human infection by this bacteria (90% of the cases), and is a very rare, generally a polymicrobial granulomatous infection which affects the cervicofacial (55% of all cases), abdominopelvic (22%) and thoracic (15%) regions, causing formation of abscesses, woody fibrosis and sinus discharge of characteristic sulfur granules. We present the case of a 42 year old patient with no prior medical history who presented to the emergency room with acute onset abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant, leukocytosis and neutrophilia, as well as ultrasonographic images which suggested acute appendicitis, the patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and cultures of abscesses surrounding the appendix were positive for A. israelii, which was also isolated in the histopathological specimen. The patient underwent antimicrobial treatment with ampicilin-sulbactam for a three month period postoperatively.
Large jejunal diverticular faecolith causing small bowel obstruction: a bizarre cause of an acute abdomen
Authors: Kotera Sai Suraj , J. Chaithanya , T. R. Hariprasad , S. Rajagopalan
Published: September 2019

Jejunal diverticula are uncommon and usually asymptomatic. Very rarely, they can lead to acute complications such as bleeding, diverticulitis, perforation and obstruction. Incidence of faecolith in jejunal diverticula is also rarely reported. In this report we outline our experience of acute small bowel obstruction due to the dislodgement of the faecolith from diverticula into the jejunum, where patient was previously asymptomatic and successful management of the case.
Gastric rupture following blunt abdominal trauma: a case report
Authors: Tiwari Kritika , Athale Anuja , K. Siddhartha
Published: September 2019

Gastric perforations following blunt abdominal trauma are rare, accounting for <2% of all blunt abdominal injuries. This is usually associated with other solid visceral injuries. Isolated blunt gastric ruptures are very rare. Severity of injury, timing of presentation and presentation following last meal as well as concomitant injuries are important prognostic factors. We present a patient with gastric perforation following road traffic accident.
Intrauterine upper limb thrombosis: an unusual presentation
Authors: Bhaisara Baraturam B. , Korday Charusheela S. , Wade Minal R. , Yaragatti Vikram V. , Bhatawdekar Anjali M. , Mauskar Anupama V.
Published: September 2019

Intrauterine thrombosis with extremity ischemia presenting at birth in a newborn is a rare event. A 29 year old mother, 2nd gravida with one first trimester spontaneous abortion delivered a 33week gestation male preterm baby. On Examination, the entire left upper limb was ischemic and edematous with an absent flow on Doppler USG. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was started after which gradually the limb turned pink with good volume pulsations. Thrombophilia mutation studies revealed the heterozygous state for the MTHFR (C677T) mutation only in the mother. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment has a favourable outcome in cases of intra-uterine thrombo-embolism.
Predictors of modern contraceptive use and fertility preferences among men in Myanmar: further analysis of the 2015-16 demographic and health survey
Authors: Aung May S. , Soe Pa P. , Moh Myo M.
Published: September 2019

Background: Men’s opposition to contraception and men’s fertility preferences can affect women’s unmet need for family planning. In Myanmar, there is limited research on men's reproductive health while women’s fertility, fertility preferences, and use of reproductive health services were well understood. A better understanding of men’s perceptions and preferences can support evidence-based male sexual and reproductive health programs and improve their effectiveness. This study focused on predictors of modern contraceptive use and fertility preferences among men age 15-49 years in Myanmar.Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey. Among 4,737 men age 15-49 years in the selected households, 3,248 men who ever had sex and 2,831 currently married men were selected as the sample for contraceptive use and fertility preferences respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used with two separate models.Results: Among men who ever had sex, 39% were currently using modern contraception and 60% married men said they would like to have more than two children. Men from the coastal, and plain regions were more likely to use modern contraception and had higher fertility preferences compared with men living in the hilly region. The working men had higher levels of modern contraceptive use than jobless men and men from middle wealth index were significant current contraceptive users.Conclusions: The geographic region was a predictor of both current contraceptive use and fertility preferences, while occupation showed a significant correlation with contraceptive use.
Study of breast feeding knowledge among mothers in perinatal period admitted in a tertiary care centre in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Thapliyal Sunil Kumar , Bangari Akhil , . Ruchi
Published: September 2019

Background: Exclusive breast feeding reduces infant and neonatal mortality. NFHS-3 (2005-06) and NFHS-4 (2015-16) (India), showed only marginal improvement from 46% to 55%, regarding exclusive Breast feeding, among children during first 6 months of life. If mother’s knowledge is good, she will be confident to take decision on Breast feeding. This study was conducted to assess, the knowledge, regarding breast feeding, among mothers in perinatal period admitted in a tertiary care centre in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.Methods: This was descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among 300 perinatal mothers. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaires.Results: 95% of mothers knew that the breast milk is best for the baby. 75% of mothers were aware that the breast milk should be the neonates first feed, though only 55% knew about initial breast milk (colostrum). 77% of the mothers said the time for first feed should be within an hour. 27% said baby should be fed as and when hungry. 56% of the mothers stated that the baby should be allowed to feed as long as the baby sucks at the breast. 63.7% mothers were aware about the duration of EBF.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding exclusive breast feeding is inadequate among mothers in Uttarakhand. The government must incorporate breast feeding topic in schools to improve the knowledge on breast feeding, so that mothers can take decision independently.
Effect of omega-3 supplementation on serum lipids in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Bashardoost Bahman , Habibzadeh Shahram , Shahbazzadegan Bita , Sadeghieh Ahari Saeid , Khodaei Ardabili Elnaz , Haddad Amir
Published: September 2019

Background: Considering the important of effects resulting from chronic hemodialysis in patients having renal insufficiency of which cardio-vascular effect is the most important, this study has been done to examine the complementary effects of omega lipid on lipid profile serum and systemic inflammation index in these patients.Methods: Patients in this study include two groups (intervention and control). They have been chosen from among the patient called on hemodialysis unit of Booali hospital. The interval group received one omega capsule daily and the control group received a placebo capsule one a day for three months. At the end, the results of lipid profile tests (including triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL)) and systemic inflammation index (C-reactive protein) compared before and after receiving the medicine.Results: In this study in interval group having omega3 despite decrease in TG and increase in HDL after three months there were no meaningful changes. In group receiving placebo only increase of HDL was meaningful and despite decrease in TG after receiving placebo these changes was meaningless.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that omega3 had no meaningful changes in lipidic profile of patients who were being hemodialysed.
Vaccination coverage and its determinants in rural areas of district Doda of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Kumar Rajnesh , Mukherjee Kanchan
Published: September 2019

Background: India accounts for the highest number of under-five deaths in the world. Estimates claim that 89 lakh children in India receive fewer vaccines or no vaccine at all. One out of every three children in India does not receive all vaccines under the universal immunization programme. 5% children in urban and 8% children in rural areas remain unimmunized. According to NFHS-4 data complete vaccination coverage in India stands at 62%. The objectives of this study were to evaluate complete vaccination coverage, dropout rate and identify factors for failure of vaccination coverage in Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir, state of India.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted to evaluate the complete vaccination coverage by using an interview schedule devised as per WHO-UNICEF coverage cluster survey reference manual and National Immunization Schedule. A pre-determined sample size according to the WHO-UNICEF coverage cluster survey reference manual was adopted for the purpose of the study.Results: Of the total 207 children included in the study 66.2% (n=137) were fully immunized. 19.8% of the children had dropped out and did not receive the recommended dose of pentavalent vaccine. Among the reasons for low complete vaccination coverage, lack of awareness, mother too busy and vaccinator being absent were identified as the major reasons.Conclusions: Complete vaccination coverage has shown an increase with an increase in the coverage of the individual vaccines. But the coverage is still low and more efforts are needed to further improve the vaccination coverage.
Assessment of postnatal depression and some associated risk factors among mothers attending the immunisation outpatient department in a tertiary health care centre: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gaikwad Shruti , Mundada Vinod , Dhande Vishal , Doibale Mohan
Published: September 2019

Background: Postpartum depression is a signiﬁcant and common health problem that causes a considerable amount of impact to both the mother and baby and distress on the family and society. The objective of this study is to find out prevalence of postnatal depression among mothers attending immunization outpatient department (OPD) for immunization of their baby in a tertiary health care center and to study some risk factors responsible for it.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Maharashtra state during period September to February 2019. Total 188 mothers were screened for postpartum depression using local version of EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale).Results: 24 (12.76%) mothers were found to have a score of 10–12 indicating moderate depressive symptoms, and 18 mothers had a score of 13 and above. (9.57%). Risk factors found to be significantly associated with postnatal depression rural residence of mother, lack of support during and after pregnancy, history of domestic abuse, and stressful life events in the past year.Conclusions: Since the prevalence of EPDS score >13 was found to be high in the current study, we recommend routine screening for PPD in our population.
Health workforce in India: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Nair Kesavan Sreekantan
Published: September 2019

Health system reforms in India during the past decade yielded an impressive growth of medical, dental and nursing education opportunities, but health workforce density remains low in comparison to the World Health Organization (WHO) norms. Apart from shortage, retaining qualified health workforce in the rural and underserved areas remains a huge challenge. This crisis is likely to persist until and unless health system addresses the fundamental requirements of health workers as envisaged in health policies. Concerted attention and long term political commitments are required to overcome health system barriers to achieve rural recruitment and retention across various cadres in states. As the major share of health workforce belongs to the private sector, their resources need to be harnessed to meet health system goals through partnerships and collaborations. There is an urgent need for better regulation and enforcement of standards in medical education and delivery of health services across the public and private sectors.
Уникальные преимущества применения концепции «умный город» в контексте развития современного экономико-стратегического планирования
Authors: Акимова Ольга Евгеньевна , Волков Сергей Константинович , Кузлаева Ирина Михайловна
Published: September 2019

В данной статье анализируется концепция «умный город», которая подразумевает эффективное взаимопроникновение и сосуществование человеческих, цифровых и физических систем, с целью развития и совершенствования хозяйственного пространства страны. Дается характеристика термина «умный город». Рассмотрена эволюция концепции «умный город» в различные временные периоды. В результате исследования определены перспективы применения концепции «умный город» в контексте развития современного экономико-стратегического планирования.
ANALISE DE DESEMPENHO INDIVIDUAL: PERCEPÇÃO DE SERVIDORES DE UMA AUTARQUIA FEDERAL À LUZ DA ANALISE DE CONTEÚDO
Authors: De Oliveira da Cunha Diego , Ferreira Bezerra Leonardo , Moraes Zouain Deborah
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho compreendeu a percepção dos servidores de um órgão público federal em relação à análise de desempenho individual (ADI). Utilizou-se um estudo de caso e a aplicação de um questionário eletrônico semiestruturado e para a questão aberta foi utilizada a técnica denominada análise de conteúdo, sendo elaborado a divisão em 3 categorias das respostas fornecidas pelos servidores, que foram denominadas como Atitude, Credibilidade e Metodologia. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os servidores da instituição, em geral, não acreditam que a avaliação de desempenho seja um processo significativo e relevante na aferição de seu desempenho, não se mostrando uma ferramenta importante no processo de aprimoramento de suas atividades laborais. Apesar de ser uma preocupação bastante presente, o setor de Recursos Humanos desenvolva palestras, workshops e outras atividades que possam influenciar os servidores a adquirirem a ideia de que a avaliação é uma ferramenta de fundamental importância nos processos de gestão de pessoas, visando a melhoria no desempenho individual e organizacional e não se torne apenas um instrumento burocrático.
AFASTAMENTO TRABALHISTA: OS IMPACTOS NOS RESULTADOS DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES, NO DESEMPENHO DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS E NA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Leite Lucas Menezes
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar a relevância de uma equipe de trabalho integrada e completa para o processo produtivo. Buscou-se também analisar alguns números dos afastamentos trabalhistas concedidos no Brasil pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) e seus elementos causais, afim de relacionar o quanto um único funcionário afastado pode gerar inúmeros transtornos, entre eles: econômicos, no tocante aos gastos da empresa e para o Estado; produtivos, como atrasos nos prazos e rendimentos dos demais da equipe; e comportamentais, sobrecargas e redistribuição de tarefas. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado através de uma WebSurvey, no qual foram respondidos 40 questionários. Tal pesquisa teve como propósito demonstrar em números as opiniões dos participantes com relação ao trabalho em equipe, o quanto os afastamentos trabalhistas são recorrentes e seus conhecimentos sobre os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI). Os resultados permitem relacionar as teorias apresentadas pelos autores, bem como os números apresentados pelo INSS.
Análise dos Planejamentos Estratégicos dos Tribunais Regionais Eleitorais da Região Norte: marketing, gestão de recursos humanos, monitoramento/publicidade da execução.meu ip
Authors: MARQUES MARIA CRISTINA
Published: September 2019

A utilização do Planejamento Estratégico nas organizações públicas é mecanismo fundamental para cumprimento da visão e missão dessas instituições. Os Tribunais Regionais Eleitorais (TRE’s) são órgãos pertencentes ao Poder Judiciário da União cujas atividades culminam para a garantia do exercício do voto e da cidadania. O trabalho busca analisar os documentos de Planejamento Estratégico dos sete TRE’s da Região Norte, quanto a inserção de macros desafios e indicadores das áreas de marketing, gestão de recursos humanos, publicidade de cumprimento/execução do plano, utilizando a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo (AC) para tratamento dos dados. O resultado da AC revelou uma presença irregular e inconsistente dos conceitos pesquisados. Apenas um Tribunal Regional Eleitoral da Região Norte publica em seu site os resultados da execução do Planejamento Estratégico Institucional, por indicadores/anual. Nenhum possui indicador (es) de marketing institucional e apenas um não possui inferência à planejamento estratégico para gestão de pessoas.
A RESPONSABILIDADE OBJETIVA DO EMPREGADOR À LUZ DA PROTEÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL CONFERIDA AO MEIO AMBIENTE DO TRABALHO
Authors: Leal Pastora do Socorro Teixeira , Zwicker Igor de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

A importância dos direitos sociais é inquestionável, seja na razão de existir da República Federativa do Brasil, fundada na cidadania, dignidade humana e nos valores sociais do trabalho e da livre iniciativa; seja em seus objetivos fundamentais, de construir uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária, erradicar a pobreza e a marginalização, reduzir as desigualdades sociais e regionais e promover o bem de todos; seja em reconhecer, em nível global, a prevalência dos direitos humanos e o dever de cooperação entre os povos para o progresso da humanidade. A tutela labor-ambiental, lida a partir do macroprincípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, deve garantir a responsabilidade do empregador quanto às afetações ocorridas no meio ambiente do trabalho, em todos os seus matizes. Nesse sentido, propõe-se uma leitura constitucional adequada para se reconhecer, a partir da autonomia científica do Direito Ambiental do Trabalho, um microssistema de responsabilidade civil objetiva apto a responsabilizar o empregador-poluidor quando se verificar a prática de poluição labor-ambiental. Quanto à metodologia, adotou-se linha crítico-metodológica e jurídico-propositiva, do olhar hermenêutico a uma análise crítica capaz de orientar o microssistema proposto. Conclui-se, ao final, pela necessidade prática de sua aplicação, como forma de resguardar e promover a dignidade da pessoa humana.
O DESASTRE AMBIENTAL DE MARIANA E OS KRENAK DO RIO DOCE
Authors: Urquiza Antônio Hilário Aguilera , Rocha Adriana de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

O artigo se propõe a apresentar reflexão sobre o maior desastre ambiental do Brasil, ocorrido em Minas Gerais, em novembro de 2015, e as consequências trazidas ao povo Krenak, que possui ligação ancestral com o rio Doce, o maior dessa bacia fluvial. Toda a área foi altamente impactada pelo vazamento sem precedentes de rejeitos da mineração do ferro. O desastre aponta para mais um dos conflitos socioambientais diretamente vivenciados por indígenas que, mais das vezes, possuem conceitos próprios quanto ao desenvolvimento, mas sofrem os efeitos dos projetos econômicos dos quais são alijados. O objetivo do artigo é verificar se os conceitos indígenas a respeito de desenvolvimento colocam em xeque aqueles contidos em sociedades nacionais abrangentes, e se é possível uma modificação paradigmática quanto à ideia de desenvolvimento vigente nas sociedades majoritárias, a partir do pensamento indígena. A investigação parte do problema permanentemente avistado em países que possuem populações autóctones, as quais buscam manter seus modos de vida tradicionais, ao mesmo tempo em que são impactadas pelas políticas de desenvolvimento econômico, que não as levam em consideração na tomada de decisões. A ideia conclusiva do artigo é iniciar uma discussão quanto ao conceito de desenvolvimento para os indígenas, e o quanto ele se relaciona com aquele entendido como sendo o desenvolvimento sustentável, além de abordar a questão da responsabilidade das empresas pelos desastres ambientais e sua prevenção. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo para amparar pesquisa de cunho exploratório-bibliográfico.
A COMPREENSÃO DA OMC SOBRE A CERTIFICAÇÃO ‘DOLPHIN SAFE’ NA PESCA DO ATUM: O CASO US TUNA II
Authors: Stelzer Joana , Gonçalves Everton das Neves , Wieira Keite
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo a análise do caso US Tuna II, julgado pelo Sistema de Solução de Controvérsias da OMC para identificar o papel da certificação (Dolphin safe) imposta pelos Estados Unidos na pesca de atum, visando à proteção dos golfinhos. Essa apreciação desenvolveu-se à luz do Acordo de Barreiras Técnicas ao Comércio da OMC, bem como sob a ótica da definição e da conceituação de regulamento técnico. Para que se pudesse atingir a conclusão desejada, fez-se necessária a compreensão do caso, do acordo citado, incluindo os princípios do Tratamento Nacional, da Nação Mais Favorecida, da criação de obstáculos desnecessários ao comércio internacional e da harmonização; do conceito de regulamento técnico e, por fim, das decisões do painel e do órgão de apelação. Com base nessas informações, analisou-se a decisão final do caso sob a diretriz da adequação às normas da OMC sobre barreiras e sob a ótica das condições justas de concorrência no comércio internacional. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa pura, qualitativa e descritiva. O método de abordagem foi o indutivo crítico, de interpretação lógico-gramatical e procedimento técnicos documentais.
GESTÃO DE TERRITÓRIOS PRESERVADOS: MUITO ALÉM DA PRESERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA, UMA PRESERVAÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL
Authors: Silva José Irivaldo Alves Oliveira , Barbosa Elizandra Sarana Lucena
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho teve como escopo analisar a importância da preservação de territórios, de faixas de terras no Brasil e Argentina, a partir de trabalho desenvolvido junto à Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, tendo como questão de pesquisa norteadora: que elementos é preciso levar em consideração para um planejamento urbano focado na prevenção de desastres através da proteção ambiental? O método utilizado foi o indutivo, com a análise das leis pertinentes ao caso estudado e documentos previamente selecionados, bem como um estudo de campo nas unidades de conservação analisadas. O presente estudo é importante para se refletir acerca de ações concretas na preservação dos ecossistemas, partindo do pressuposto que se verificando o modelo de gestão será possível ter-se uma repercussão positiva entre a manutenção das espécies de animais, vegetais, dos mananciais de água, das nascentes, sejam superficiais ou subterrâneas e a prevenção de desastres, o que se constitui num grande espectro de serviços ecológicos que vão beneficiar diretamente a vida humana.
Household LPG cylinder fracture and a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
Authors: Chondrou D.T. , Chondrou I.T. , Panteliou S.D. , Chondros T.G.
Published: September 2019

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders are designed as thin-wall pressure vessels consisting of a cylindrical body and two almost hemispherical bottoms made of low carbon steel and welded together. LPG cylinders design, manufacturing, inspection and testing follow specific rules, Norms and Regulations. Pressure vessel design theory along with National Regulations and Product Specifications in force provide the initial design parameters and safety margin assumptions. A serious accident occurred on April 2, 2015 at Loutron village, close to the city of Amfilochia, in western Greece, explosion of an LPG bottle at a local restaurant. Five fatalities were reported at the time of the accident and three more injured were pronounced dead some months later. The accident gained extended publicity from the media arising concerns about safety in LPG distribution and operation. The local police requested an expert’s appraisement from the Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics Department of the University of Patras, for the evaluation of the accident’s contributing factors. The accident investigated was a «boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion», and revealed potential threats from the operation of aged LPG bottles, and marginal inspection and testing procedures followed. A detailed analysis of the LPG cylinder operational characteristics along with a systematic design approach, fatigue, and failure analysis is presented here. The legislation in force, Regulations and Norms are also reviewed.
A Mathematical Model of Distributed Prototype Design in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Belov V.F. , Gavryushin S.S. , Markova Y.N.
Published: September 2019

Fully functional, full-scale models with characteristics close to those of mass-produced devices are widely employed in mechanical engineering to validate the possibility of implementing a new concept in the actual device. Prototype development and manufacturing is a costly process performed both with a limited time and financial constraints. Therefore, there is a need to create efficient automation tools for process planning in functional prototyping, based on full-scale mathematical models that allow taking into consideration the influence of small variations in technological parameters on the development time and cost. The proposed model employs mathematical programming techniques and ordinary homogeneous differential equations with discontinuous right sides. It takes into account both the limited resources and the distributed nature of the prototyping process. Furthermore, the model potentially allows for application of the automata theory to simulate and analyse the influence of the innovation market fluctuations on the innovation design process. The described modelling capabilities are realized in the software package IDC Requirements Engineering that features both the open PLM platform standards and the concept of digital factories.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ГРАНУЛИРОВАНИЯ ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ МЕТОДОМ ОКАТЫВАНИЯ
Authors: Сковородников Павел Валерьевич , Черепанова Мария Владимировна
Published: September 2019

Актуальность. Использование органоминеральных удобрений позволяет существенно повысить плодородие почвы и восстановить ее агрохимические и физические свойства. Исследование позволит решить некоторые проблемы, связанные с применением удобрения в необработанном виде, а полученный продукт в виде сферических гранул размером от 2,0 до 5,5 мм будет иметь высокую статическую прочность и может быть легко использован в сельском хозяйстве в условиях сплошного внесения удобрений в почву с использованием агротехники. Цель: изучение процесса гранулирования органоминерального удобрения методом окатывания с предварительной подформовкой и определение оптимальных технологических параметров; исследование вероятности образования труднорастворимых соединений при взаимодействии растворов связующих с компонентами, входящими в состав органоминеральных удобрений. Объект: органоминеральное удобрение биогумус с влажностью 55–60 %. Методы: электронная сканирующая микроскопия (Hitachi «S-3400N»), позволяющая определить элементный состав биогумуса и оценить поверхность частиц удобрения и готового гранулированного продукта; рентгеноспектральный анализ, используемый для установления элементного состава; термодинамический анализ, необходимый для оценки вероятности протекания реакций и возможности образования труднорастворимых соединений в гранулированном удобрении, способствующих увеличению прочности гранул; ситовой анализ, используемый для определения гранулометрического состава, и метод определения статической прочности гранул на приборе ИПГ-1М. Результаты. С помощью электронно-сканирующего микроскопа была изучена и описана поверхность частиц органоминерального удобрения – биогумус. Установлен элементный состав органоминерального удобрения: C, N, P, K, O, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, S, Ti. Определены оптимальные параметры технологии гранулирования органоминерального удобрения с предварительным формованием через ячейки диаметром 4,0 мм: продолжительность 180 с, температура окатывания 25 °С, сушка при 110 °С в течение 60 мин и величина ретура 3 %. Определен вид связующего раствора и его содержание в тукосмеси, благодаря которому можно получить продукт с наилучшими товарными характеристиками (статическая прочность, выход товарной фракции от 2,0 до 5,5 мм). На основании термодинамического анализа установлена возможность протекания химических реакций между связующим раствором и компонентами биогумуса, в результате которых образуются труднорастворимые соединения (Mg3(PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Fe3(PO4)2), способствующие увеличению прочности гранул. Применяемый в качестве связующего вещества водный раствор фосфата натрия позволяет получить гранулы, обладающие высокой статической прочностью (51,1 Н/гранула). С помощью электронно-сканирующей микроскопии изучена и описана структура получаемого гранулированного удобрения.
ПРОГНОЗ НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТИ ЮРСКИХ И ПАЛЕОЗОЙСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЮЖНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОГО БАССЕЙНА
Authors: Садыкова Яна Владиславовна , Фомин Михаил Александрович , Рыжкова Светлана Владимировна , Новиков Дмитрий Анатольевич , Дульцев Федор Федорович , Черных Анатолий Витальевич
Published: September 2019

Статья посвящена перспективам нефтегазоносности палеозойских и мезозойских комплексов в южных районах Западной Сибири. Для региона характерны сложнопостроенные неантиклинальные ловушки, связанные с полифациальным генезисом вмещающих толщ, особенностями тектонического и литологического строения. В связи с этим выявление перспективных земель для поисков залежей углеводородов невозможно без применения комплексного подхода, включающего геологические, литологические, тектонические и гидрогеологические исследования. Использование гидрогеологических критериев нефтегазоносности основано на ведущей роли подземных вод в процессах генерации, миграции и аккумуляции углеводородов. В процессе исследования установлены гидрогеохимические особенности подземных вод, выделены гидрогеохимические аномалии, тесно связанные с залежами углеводородов (I, B, Br, NH4 и др.). Охарактеризованы генетические типы подземных вод и степень их катагенетической преобразованности. Приведены основные результаты палеогидрогеохимических и палеогидродинамических реконструкций, выделены зоны нефтегазообразования и нефтегазонакопления, показаны возможные пути латеральной и вертикальной миграции флюидов. Изучены особенности геологического строения, выделены зоны развития улучшенных коллекторов. Совместное использование гидрогеологических и геологических показателей продуктивности недр позволило обосновать набор критериев нефтегазоносности, несколько различных для палеозойского, среднеюрского и верхнеюрского комплексов. С помощью предложенного комплекса критериев был осуществлен прогноз нефтегазоносности и оконтурены участки различных категорий перспективности (высокоперспективные, перспективные и земли с неясными перспективами, требующие дальнейшего изучения). Применение данного подхода будет способствовать локализации геологоразведочных работ и повысит эффективность геофизических методов при поиске новых залежей углеводородов в южных районах Западно-Сибирского бассейна.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПО ОГРАНИЧЕНИЮ ВОДОПРИТОКА НА ОСНОВАНИИ ГЕОЛОГО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЛАСТОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПЕРМСКОГО КРАЯ)
Authors: Дерендяев Роман Алексеевич , Захаров Лев Андреевич , Мартюшев Дмитрий Александрович , Дерендяев Константин Алексеевич
Published: September 2019

Актуальность. На текущий момент времени рост обводненности добываемой продукции является одной из причин, способствующей выходу скважин из эксплуатации. На месторождениях Пермского края насчитывается около 2,5 тысяч нефтяных скважин, и в 30 % из них продукция содержит более 70 % воды. Снижению обводненности добываемой продукции способствует проведение мероприятий по ограничению водопритока. Наиболее распространенными причинами высокой обводненности продукции добывающих скважин являются фильтрация воды через трещинные системы и высокопроницаемые (промытые) интервалы пласта, заколонные перетоки и образование конуса обводнения. Значительное количество воды в добываемой продукции скважин способствует увеличению скорости коррозии насосного оборудования и скорости отложения солей, а также приводит к повышенной нагрузке на систему сбора и подготовки нефти. Эффективность работ по ограничению водопритока может быть увеличена при определении оптимальных геолого-технических условий применения известных технологий, а также путем разработки и совершенствования методических подходов по их подбору. Цель: повышение эффективности технологии ограничения водопритока на основании геолого-физических характеристик терригенных и карбонатных объектов. Объект: терригенные и карбонатные коллектора месторождений Пермского края. Методы: лабораторные исследования составов в свободном объеме (ГОСТ 26798.1-96 и ГОСТ 26798.2-96) и фильтрационные испытания на единичных керновых образцах (ГОСТ 26450.1-85, 26450.2-85, ОСТ 39-204-86 и 39-195-86). Результаты. Обозначена особо актуальная проблема – подбор технологии для эффективного проведения мероприятий по ограничению водопритока, поскольку по каждой технологии получение максимального технологического эффекта укладывается в довольно узкий интервал геолого-физических характеристик пластов. Неправильный выбор технологии не только снижает технологическую эффективность обработки, но иногда приводит к получению отрицательных результатов, которые часто носят необратимый характер и для своего устранения требуют больших материальных затрат. Исходя из исследований в свободном объеме и фильтрационных испытаний, сформированы рекомендации по применению изученных составов для проведения работ по ограничению водопритока на терригенных и карбонатных коллекторах Пермского края.
ИНФОРМАТИВНОСТЬ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ АТРИБУТОВ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ТРЕЩИНОВАТОСТИ КОЛЛЕКТОРОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Орехов Александр Николаевич , Амани Мангуа Марк М
Published: September 2019

В последние годы, в связи с истощением традиционных коллекторов углеводородов, значительно возрос интерес к коллекторам, проницаемость которых обусловлена главным образом степенью их трещиноватости. Перспективы картирования зон трещиноватости связывают с сейсморазведкой. По существу, она является единственным наземным геофизическим методом, который позволяет получить детальное трехмерное изображение геологической среды. Однако возможности сейсморазведки ограничены ее разрешающей способностью и строением интервалов коллекторов. Исходя из результатов выполненного нами ранее сравнительного анализа новейших методик и технологических приемов изучения трещинно-кавернозных коллекторов, мы протестировали все методы анализа сейсмических данных в той последовательности, в которой они излагаются в обзорах. Анализируемые методики ранжированы по широте использования и доказанной эффективности. По убывающей эффективности, методы изучения трещиноватости располагаются следующим образом: 1. Азимутальный анализ анизотропии с получением эффективной модели азимутальной анизотропии; 2. Анализ геометрических атрибутов; 3. Специальные технологии миграционных преобразований (дуплексная миграция и др.); 4. Выделение из сейсмической записи поля рассеянных волн. Так как проведенная на участке работ сейсморазведка является стандартной (не широкоазимутальной, не мультиазимутальной, не многоволновой), то для исследования трещиноватости из списка вышеперечисленных методов нам доступны методы анализа геометрических атрибутов. Необходимо отметить, что в этом случае прогноз трещиноватости мог быть ограничен выделением зон трещиноватости (качественный анализ).   Это актуальность. Цель: изучение возможностей атрибутного анализа сейсмических данных для прогноза выделения тектонических нарушения и зон повышения трещин. Объекты: породы со сложным строением пустотного пространства интенсивной кавернозности и трещиноватости, за счет которых образовались тектонические дислокации в осадочном чехле. Методология. Был рассчитан ряд объемных сейсмических атрибутов, таких как атрибуты когерентности (дисперсии) и кривизны (и ее разные варианты), хаоса. Полученные результаты были визуализированы в программном интерфейсе Petrel® компании Schlumberger с помощью имеющихся 3D МОГТ сейсмических данных для исследования потенциальных структурных и стратиграфических контролей и выделения зон с интенсивностью развития трещин в пределах исследуемой области. Аналогичным образом для горизонтов были рассчитаны поверхностные атрибуты с целью создания карт атрибутов и получения полного понимания строения целевых объектов и признаков для выделения зон интенсивного развития трещин. Результаты. Проведен анализ геометрических атрибутов для выделения зон повышения трещин, также была рассмотрена калибровка сейсмических атрибутов по данным скважин (керна).