bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No major impact of new grape varieties on Bordeaux wine typicity: expert assessments in blind and non-blind tastings
Authors: Plantevin Marc , Tempère Sophie , Thibon Cécile , Dijkstra Lucile , Lecourt Julien , Destrac-Irvine Agnès , Van Leeuwen Cornelis
Published: February 2025

Climate change induces major changes in wine typicity due to its impact on berry composition at harvest. This is of great concern for winegrowing regions historically renowned for their terroir and quality potential. Among different levers to adapt to climate change, the modification of grape varieties is considered to be very effective. However, this powerful tool can have repercussions for the protection of the region of origin’s wine typicity. In Bordeaux (France), a considerable research effort addresses the physiological traits of new varieties to thrive in a climate becoming increasingly dry and warm. Recently, a study investigating the typicity of 26 red varieties isolated five potential candidates (Fer Servadou, Duras, Manseng noir, Vinhão and Arinarnoa) sharing similar sensorial spaces compared to classical Bordeaux varieties. Varietal mix is strictly regulated by protected denomination of origin (PDO) rules, although these can change over time. If new varieties were to be accepted in the Bordeaux varietal mix, it would most likely be as secondary varieties accounting for a small proportion in the final Bordeaux blend. This study aimed to assess the impact of the five abovementioned varieties when incorporated into a classical Bordeaux blend (i.e., Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet franc and Petit Verdot), at a proportion of 10 % and 30 % respectively. Two sensory analysis tests were conducted within a two-month period. The first one, which included 37 professional judges, showed that Bordeaux wine typicity barely changed when these varieties were introduced at 10 % or 30 %, except for Vinhão that underwent a slight typicity decrease. The second sensory analysis test was conducted by 20 highly professional judges with an exceptional degree of expertise (> 15 years of experience), especially in blending. Assessing the wines through both blind and non-blind tastings (indication of the varieties present in the blend), the importance of the information on the typicity judgment was assessed. No significant differences were recorded between non-blind and blind tastings, showing that the perceptual judgement of the highly-experienced professionals was not influenced by the introduction of the new varieties to the classical blend. By means of ranking tests, this sensory analysis also showed that the Bordeaux reference blend was the most typical of the wines. Duras and Arinarnoa at 10 or 30 % had a non-significant effect on the blend’s typicity, while a significant decrease of typicity was observed when Fer Servadou (at 10 % or 30 %), Manseng noir (at 30 %) or Vinhão (at 30 %) were introduced to the Bordeaux reference blend. This shift of typicity only occurs, however, on a tight continuum of less to more typical wines.
Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage Facilities
Authors: Karoff Christoffer , Vara-Vela Angel Liduvino , Eikeland Anna Zink , Knudsen Jon , Cappelluti Francesco , Stoltenberg Morten Ladekjær , Alberti Rafaela Curz Alves , Engedal Anne Sofie Bukkehave
Published: February 2025

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies are increasingly recognized as crucial components in the global strategy to mitigate climate change. As the deployment of carbon capture, utilisation and storage systems expands, there is a growing need for rigorous monitoring and verification methods to ensure that these technologies achieve their intended reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This paper explores the current state of monitoring techniques for carbon capture, utilisation and storage facilities, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with accurately quantifying net greenhouse gas emissions. We analyse both traditional bookkeeping methods and direct measurement techniques. Our analysis reveals the limitations of current monitoring frameworks and underscores the importance of integrating advanced measurement technologies, such as in-situ sensors, drones and satellite observations, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of greenhouse gas reporting. By proposing a comprehensive monitoring strategy that combines these methods, we aim to provide a roadmap for more effective oversight of carbon capture, utilisation and storage facilities, thereby contributing to the broader goal of reducing global carbon emissions.
A Modular, Cost-Effective and Pumpless Perfusion Assembly for Long-Term Culture of Engineered Microvessels
Authors: Agarwal Shashwat S. , Holter Jacob C. , Jones Travis H. , Fuller Brendan T. , Tinapple Joseph W. , Barlage Joseph M. , Song Jonathan W.
Published: February 2025

Continuous perfusion is necessary to sustain microphysiological systems and other microfluidic cell cultures. However, most of the established microfluidic perfusion systems, such as syringe pumps, peristaltic pumps, and rocker plates, have several operational challenges and may be cost-prohibitive, especially for laboratories with no microsystems engineering expertise. Here, we address the need for a cost-efficient, easy-to-implement, and reliable microfluidic perfusion system. Our solution is a modular pumpless perfusion assembly (PPA), which is constructed from commercially available, interchangeable, and aseptically packaged syringes and syringe filters. The total cost for the components of each assembled PPA is $1-2 USD. The PPA retains the simplicity of gravity-based pumpless flow systems but incorporates high resistance filters that enable slow and sustained flow for extended periods of time (hours to days). The perfusion characteristics of the PPA were determined by theoretical calculations of the total hydraulic resistance of the assembly and experimental characterization of specific filter resistances. We demonstrated that the PPA enabled reliable long-term culture of engineered endothelialized 3-D microvessels for several weeks. Taken together, our novel PPA solution is simply constructed from extremely low cost and commercially available laboratory supplies and facilitates robust cell culture and compatibility with current microfluidic setups.
Artificial Intelligence in Relation to Accurate Information and Tasks in Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Medicine – Dunning-Kruger Effects and Ultracrepidarianism
Authors: Pavlik Edward J. , Land Woodward Jamie , Lawton Frank , Swiecki-Sikora Allison L. , Ramaiah Dharani D. , Rives Taylor A.
Published: February 2025

We have published on the accuracy of the Google Virtual Assistant, Alexa, Siri, Cortana, Gemini and Copilot. Emerging from this published work was a focus on the ac-curacy of AI that could be determined through validations. In our work published in 2023, the accuracy of responses to a panel of 24 queries related to gynecologic oncology was low, with Google Virtual Assistant (VA) providing the most correct audible replies (18.1%), followed by Alexa (6.5%), Siri (5.5%), and Cortana (2.3%). In the months following our publication, there was explosive excitement about several generative AIs that continue to transform the landscape of information accessibility by presenting the search results in impressively engaging narratives. This type of presentation has been enabled by combining machine learning algorithms with Natural Language Processing (NLP). In 2024, we published our exploration of the generative AIs Gemini and Copilot as well as the Google Assistant in relation to how accurately they responded to the panel of 24 queries that we used in the 2023 publication. Google Gemini achieved an 87.5% accuracy rate, while the accuracy of Microsoft Copilot was 83.3%. In contrast, the Google VA’s accuracy in audible responses improved from 18% in the 2023 report to 63% in 2024. Because of our investigation in this area, we have examined the accuracy of results obtained through different AI models in this review. The landscape of the findings reviewed here surveyed 252 papers published in 2024, topically reporting on AI in medicine of which 83 articles are considered in the present review because they contain evidenced-based findings. In particular, the types of cases considered deal with AI accuracy in initial differential diagnoses, cancer treatment recommendations, board-style exams and performance in various clinical tasks. Importantly, summaries of the validation techniques used to evaluate AI findings are presented. This review focuses on those AIs that have a clinical relevancy evidenced by application and evaluation in clinical publications. This relevancy speaks to both what has been promised and what has been delivered by various AI systems. Readers will be able to understand when generative AI may be expressing views without having the necessary information (ultracrepidarianism) or is responding as if the generative AI had expert knowledge when it does not. Without an awareness that AIs may deliver inadequate or confabulated information, incorrect medical decisions and inappropriate clinical applications can result (Dunning-Kruger effect). As a result, in certain cases a generative AI might underperform and provide results which greatly overestimate any medical or clinical validity.
Entomopathogenic Bacteria Species and Toxins Targeting Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): A Review
Authors: Toledo-Hernández Erubiel , Torres-Quíntero Mary Carmen , Mancilla-Dorantes Ilse , Sotelo-Leyva César , Hernández-Velázquez Víctor Manuel , Dunstand-Guzmán Emmanuel , Salinas-Sánchez David Osvaldo , Peña-Chora Guadalupe
Published: February 2025

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are cosmopolitan generalist pests of many agricultural crops. Their ability to reproduce rapidly through parthenogenesis allows them to quickly reach population sizes that are difficult to control. Their damage potential is further exacerbated when they act as vectors for plant pathogens, causing diseases in plants. Aphids are typically managed through the widespread use of insecticides, increasing the likelihood of short-term insecticide resistance. However, for the past few decades entomopathogenic bacteria have been used as an alternative management strategy. Entomopathogenic bacteria have demonstrated their effectiveness for biologically suppressing insect pests, including aphids. In addition to identifying bacterial species that are pathogenic to aphids, research has been conducted on toxins such as Cry, Cyt, Vip, recombinant proteins, and other secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity. The discovery of new bacterial species with insecticidal potential, or the possibility of biotechnological applications through genetic improvement of crops, will provide more alternatives for managing these agricultural pests in the future.
An Exploration of Composition and Roles of Root Exudates in Controlled Environment Agriculture: Impacts, Functions, and Case Studies—A Systematic Review
Authors: Camli-Saunders Deniz , Villouta Camilo
Published: February 2025

Two decades of research has revealed an intricate network of root exudates in plants, which they use to interact with and mediate their surrounding environment, the rhizosphere. Prior research has been conducted mainly on model plants such as Arabidopsis or staple monoculture crops like maize, soybean, and rice, revealing crucial roles in plant growth, microbiota interaction, and nutrient acquisition. However, similar research has only begun to be conducted in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems. This review synthesizes the existing literature to examine the composition, functions, and influences of vegetable root exudates within CEA systems. The first section explores key compounds (including amino and organic acids, and sugars) along with mechanistic processes, and microbial interactions. The second section compares root exudates in soil-based versus hydroponic CEA systems based upon differences in substrate, (a)biotic stressors, microorganisms, and nutrient availability. The final section presents case studies where root exudates have aided in environmental stress mitigation, allelopathy, disease response, and pest control. Lastly, we ponder the future avenues of exploration for CEA root exudates, proposing the creation of a database for usage in smaller or organic farms. In conjunction, we emphasize the need for further investigation into the potential of exogenous applications of exudate-like compounds to positively impact yield, disease resistance, soil restoration, and land reclamation, especially in the context of climate change.
Malignant Transformation of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Description of the Clinical Characteristics of These Oral Cancers
Authors: Bagan Jose , Murillo Judith , Sanchis Jose M. , Hervás David , Bagan Leticia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is the oral disorder with the greatest degree of malignant transformation. However, it is relatively rare. This study compared the clinical characteristics of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who had and had not been previously diagnosed with PVL. Methods: This case–control study compared the clinical characteristics of patients classified as early (T1 and T2) or advanced (T3 and T4) OSCC according to the TNM classification, including age, gender, location, and clinical type of cancer. The analysis involved 140 patients. Group 1: 50 OSCC patients with PVL (OSCC-PVL) and Group 2: 90 OSCC patients without PVL (OSCC-noPVL). Results: The patients with OSCC-PVL were younger than those with OSCC-noPVL, but this did not reach statistical significance. Regarding patient gender, those with OSCC-PVL were much more frequently female (70%), while OSCC-noPVL was more prevalent in men (65.5%) (p < 0.01). There were also significant differences in the oral locations between the two groups: the gingiva was most prevalent in OSCC-PVL and the tongue in OSCC-noPVL. Erythroleukoplastic forms were significantly more common in OSCC-PVL (30% vs. 7.7%), while ulcerated forms were more frequent in OSCC-noPVL (63.3% vs. 42%). Finally, early T stages were much more prevalent in our patients with OSCC-PVL. Conclusions: We found that OSCC preceded by PVL was much more frequent in women, had less aggressive clinical forms, and had significantly more frequent early T stages than in OSCC-noPVL.
Enhancing Pavement Performance through Organosilane Nanotechnology: Improved Roughness Index and Load-Bearing Capacity
Authors: Zavala Ascaño Gerber , Santos Rodriguez Ricardo , Ariza Flores Victor Andre
Published: February 2025

The growing demand for sustainable road infrastructure requires innovative materials that enhance soil stabilization while minimizing environmental impact. This study explores the application of organosilane-based nanotechnology to improve the structural performance and durability of road corridors in Peru, offering an alternative to conventional stabilization methods. Laboratory evaluations show that the modified soil exhibits a more than 100% increase in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), while expansion remains below 0.5%, significantly reducing moisture susceptibility. Asphalt mixtures incorporating nanotechnology-based adhesion enhancers achieved a Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) above 80%, ensuring resistance to moisture-induced damage. Non-destructive evaluations, including the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) tests, confirm long-term durability and enhanced load-bearing capacity. Additionally, statistical analysis of the International Roughness Index (IRI) shows a mean value of 2.449 m/km, well below the technical threshold of 3.5 m/km established by Peruvian regulations. Furthermore, IRI values from other countries are also referenced. This research highlights the potential of nanotechnology to enhance pavement resilience, optimize resource utilization, and promote greener construction practices.
Unlocking the Power Within: Exploring the Role of Microbiota in Human Health
Authors: John Harrie Toms , Thomas Treesa Clare , Chukwuebuka Ezenwa Collins , Ali Ali Bacar , Anass Reggani , Tefera Yididiya , Babu Bency , Negruț Nicoleta , Ferician Anca , Marian Paula
Published: February 2025

The human microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms in various organ systems, plays a pivotal role in maintaining health and preventing disease. Recent research underscores the signif-icance of gut microbiome in processes such as metabolism, immune regulation, and neuroprotection. Methods: This review explores the multi-system impact of microbiota, emphasizing its roles in human health and its involvement in conditions affecting the digestive, immune, integumentary, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and nervous systems. We synthesized findings from recent studies, including observational research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses, focusing on key areas such as the gut-brain axis, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, immune modulation, and microbial diversity across organ systems. Results: Our findings reveal that microbiota composition influences systemic health by enhancing gut barrier function, regulating immune homeostasis, and synthe-sizing essential nutrients. Dysbiosis is implicated in metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, or neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Conclusions: Microbiota is a cornerstone of human health, with essential roles in maintaining physiological balance and mit-igating disease risk. Therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation show promise for restoring microbial equilibrium and treating various conditions. However, further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and optimize microbio-ta-based therapies.
Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes: Formation, Biological Function and Applications
Authors: Qian Ning , Gu Minhui , Yi Wenkai , Xu Qianqian , Ye Zhiting , Ma Xinyi , Wu Jinhui , Tang Shengsong
Published: February 2025

The exosomes are a class of multi-vesicular bodies structures that originated from the cytoplasmic nucleus endosome, which can be synthesized by different cells and released into the extracellular environment. Breast cancer-derived exosomes can promote breast cancer proliferation, metastasis, escape and angiogenesis, which plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In this article, we mainly review the roles of breast cancer-derived exosomes in tumor progression and immune suppression from the following aspects. Firstly, the exosomes are mainly introduced, including structure, formation mechanism and analytics. Then it describes the effect of the breast cancer-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, and the applications of exosomes in biomedicine. For example, the applications of the breast cancer-derived exosomes as a biomarker and the value of exosomes in breast cancer treatment and prognostic. Finally, the application potential of the breast cancer-derived exosomes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is summarized and prospected, which provides a new idea for the accurate treatment of breast cancer.
Hemoperfusion Using the Oxiris Membrane in Septic Shock Patients with Preserved Kidney Function: A Case Series
Authors: Smirnova Darja , Serzans Rihards , Klibus Mara , Liguts Valdis , Lece Anna , Skesters Andrejs , Villa Gianluca , Sabelnikovs Olegs
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection, is associated with high mortality. Endotoxin and cytokine overload play a crucial role in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. The Oxiris® membrane, traditionally used as a hemofilter for renal replacement therapy, has demonstrated the capacity to adsorb endotoxins and cytokines. This study investigates the clinical effect during hemoperfusion with the Oxiris® membrane in patients with septic shock and preserved renal function. Materials and Methods: We present three adult patients with septic shock who were admitted to the intensive care unit with high vasopressor requirements and elevated inflammatory markers. As they were refractory to standard therapy and renal function was preserved, a 12-hour hemoperfusion session with Oxiris® membrane was initiated. Hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and endotoxin concentrations were evaluated before, during and after hemoperfusion treatment. Results: All patients demonstrated hemodynamic stabilization, with norepinephrine support reduced by 10.3% to 70.0%. Key inflammatory markers decreased significantly, including interleukin-6 (-41.6% to -94.0%), procalcitonin (-29.3% to -49.5%), C-reactive protein (4.7% to -37.2%). Endotoxin concentrations decreased by 62.0% and 13.6% in two of the three patients. No adverse effects related to hemoperfusion were observed. Conclusions: Hemoperfusion with the Oxiris® membrane effectively reduced vasopressor support, inflammatory markers, and endotoxin concentrations in patients with refractory septic shock. This approach may offer a novel strategy for early immune modulation in sepsis before renal dysfunction occurs. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to validate these findings and determine optimal treatment protocols.
One-Stage Technique with Calcaneal Graft for the Treatment of Brachymetatarsia: A Case Report
Authors: Ortiz-Romero Mercedes , Fernández-Garzón Álvaro , Cáceres-Matos Rocío , García-de-la-Peña Raquel , Rayo Pérez Ana María , Gordillo-Fernandez Luis M
Published: February 2025

Background/ Objectives
Brachymetatarsia is a rare congenital anomaly characterised by the shortening of one or more metatarsals, which can cause functional problems, pain and aesthetic difficulties. We present the case of a 17-year-old female patient with brachymetatatarsia of the 3rd and 4th radii of the right foot, refractory to conservative treatment and with persistent pain during standing. The aim of this study is to describe an innovative surgical approach using an autologous calcaneal graft for the treatment of this pathology.
Methods
After evaluating all available surgical options, it was decided to perform an au-tologous calcaneal implant at the base of metatarsals 3 and 4 to increase their length. In addition, radii 2 and 5 were shortened to restore a physiological metatarsal parabola and definitively eliminate metatarsalgia.
Results
The procedure achieved complete correction of the metatarsal parabola. The patient experienced complete resolution of metatarsal pain and satisfactory functional recovery. The autologous calcaneal graft provided adequate support due to its cortico-cancellous composition, high osteogenic capacity and low antigenicity, making it an optimal choice in foot and ankle surgery.
Conclusions
Autologous calcaneal grafting has proven to be an effective and safe surgical alternative for the correction of brachymetatarsia. Its use makes it possible not only to increase the length of the affected metatarsals but also to de-finitively resolve metatarsalgia, improving the quality of life of patients with this pathology. This case highlights the usefulness of autologous grafts in reconstructive procedures of the foot, due to their structural and biological advantages.
Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Randomized Study for Laparoscopic Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Sacropexy vs Laparoscopic Lateral Suspension
Authors: Ñíguez-Sevilla Isabel , Sánchez-Ferrer María Luisa , Ruiz-Cotorruelo Vicente , Wilczak Maciej , Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina , Solano-Calvo Juan Antonio , Perez-Munuzuri Elena , Salinas-Peña Juan Raúl , Arense-Gonzalo Julián J.
Published: February 2025

Background: Laparoscopic sacropexy (SCL) is the gold standard technique for the correction of apical pelvic organs prolapse (POP). However, other easier laparoscopic techniques such as laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) have become popular. Methods: A multicentre randomized study of patients undergoing laparoscopic repair of severe apical and anterior prolapse. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: LLS vs SCL. A non-inferiority study is proposed in which the null hypothesis is that the difference in the proportion of therapeutic failures among women who undergo LLS compared to SCL is ≥15%. It will be necessary to include 182 participants to detect a risk difference of 15% (at one year with a statistical power of 0.80). Results: we have recruited 176 women, and 106 patients have been operated with a follow-up between 1 and 12 months. There were not differences in basal characteristics. Regarding physical examination, there were no differences in stages III-IV in the POP-Q neither the symptom scales in both groups. Concerning post-surgical results there were no failures in the physical examination in any group. There were no differences in the points of the POP-Q neither in the symptom scales or Body image scale. We only found significant differences in the operative time, being shorter for the LLS. Conclusion: Although these are preliminary results, since the sample is 100 patients and the follow-up time is short, at the moment, we didn’t find post-surgical differences between the 2 techniques. However, it is necessary to complete the trial to draw relevant conclusions.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tigray Highlands of NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Sebhatleab Mulugeta , Gebresamuel Girmay , Girmay Gebreyohannes , Tsehaye Yemane , Haile Mitiku
Published: February 2025

Wheat is a vital staple crop globally, addressing significant nutritional needs. In Ethiopia, the excessive application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers can reduce crop production, including wheat. Additionally, excessive phosphorus application can limit zinc (Zn) uptake, making it essential to balance these nutrients to enhance yield and nutrient availability. Agricultural soils often face micronutrient deficiencies, prompting the promotion of blended multi-nutrient fertilizers. This study examined how different combinations of Zn and P fertilizers affect wheat yield and nutrient efficiency in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, across three locations during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to assess varying P (0, 10, 20, 30 kg P ha-1) and Zn (0, 5, 10 kg Zn ha-1) application rates. Results showed that applying up to 20 kg P ha-1 significantly increased wheat grain and biomass yield, while 5 kg Zn ha-1 also boosted yield. However, excessive rates of both nutrients reduced yields, highlighting the importance of balanced application. The best results were achieved with 20 kg P ha-1 and 5 kg Zn ha-1, improving yield, nutrient efficiency, and zinc bioavailability, which can enhance wheat quality and support food security in diverse agro-climatic conditions.
Islamic Theological Controversy on Theodicy and Destiny: A Clash of Islamicity and Indonesianity
Authors: Nurkhalis Nurkhalis
Published: February 2025

The discourse of Islamic theology among Muslim scholars has experienced fierce debates related to takfiri (in the Ali group) and mihnah (Mu'tazilah scholars' investigation of Qadi) on human deeds, including the persecution of followers of the Wahdatul Wujud school in Indonesia. This article aims to examine theodity in the debate to avoid killing and disbelieving behavior and interpret the destination in the conflict between oral and literal theological firqah that affects active evil due to evil inspired by the ability to achieve shallow believers (ijmali), simple believers (tafshili), complete believers (tafshilimutammim), perfect believers (tafshili mukammil) and special believers (tafshili khususiyat). This article is a literal study that examines the theoretical thinking of Islamic firqah with critical analysis. This article finds that oral theology always adheres to the essence leading to sophisticated logic, while literal theology holds to the truth of the combined interpretation of reason-revelation. Oral theology is a theology without reference to the book of mu'tabarah (legacy) so that theological discussions are often framed in freespeech while literal theology obliges itself to hold on to the book of mu'tabarah. The logic of theology rests on the logic of burhani and kammiyah which is patterned of tanzih-tasbih (pure-holy) and nafi-itsbat (negation-inaugurate).
Practicing Religious Moderation among Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus in North Lombok
Authors: Jayadi Suparman , Ridho Abdul Rasyid
Published: February 2025

Diversity in recent times has its challenges, especially maintaining social harmony in the midst of potential religious conflicts. The practice of religious moderation is very important in fostering tolerance and peace between religions. This article aims to explore and implement the practice of religious moderation among the Muslim, Buddhist and Hindu communities in Juara Timur Village, North Lombok, Indonesia, with a focus on Pujawali rituals as a case  study. This article uses qualitative methods to present field data, by conducting observations, then in-depth interviews with informants related to values and norms in religious moderation practices, and conducting documentation. The findings of this study show that community adherence to local traditions and mutual respect for different religious practices can make a significant contribution to maintaining social cohesion. The practice of Pujawali Ritual is an example of how interfaith interaction based on local wisdom and cultural practices can increase social solidarity and religious comfort and security to date. This study contributes to the importance of values and norms in the practice of religious moderation to realize peace and prevent social conflicts and can be used as a role model in various regions in Indonesia.
Race-based differences in serum biomarkers for cancer-associated cachexia in a diverse cohort of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Permuth Jennifer , Park Margaret , Davis Evan , Alhassan Solomon , Arnoletti J. , Basinski Toni , McKee Ashley , Bloomston Mark , Carson Tiffany , de Castria Tiago Biachi , Chen Dung-Tsa , Cortizas Elena , Crowder Sylvia , Delgado Maria Genilo , Douglas Wade , Fleming Jason , Hodul Pamela , Huguet Kevin , Jiang Kun , Kim Dae Won , Koomen John , Luthra Anjuli , Malafa Mokenge , Menon Anjana , Morales Raiza , Merchant Nipun , Meredith Kenneth , Mo Qianxing , Molina-Vega Manual , Moreno-Urazan Lina , Olumoyin Kayode , Parker Nathan , Pimiento Jose , Rasool Ghulam , Rejniak Katarzyna , Sansil Samer , Sparks Lauren , Stewart Paul , Tassielli Alexandra , Teer Jamie , Tran Dan Viet , Trevino Jose , Velanovich Vic , Whelan Christopher , Jeong Daniel , Judge Sarah , Judge Andrew
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2040, with the highest disease burden expected amongst Non-Hispanic Blacks. One of the most significant predictors of poor outcomes is the presence of cancer-associated cachexia (CCa). Yet, race- and ethnicity-specific biomarkers for early CCa diagnosis are lacking. Thus, evaluated a panel of candidate biomarkers of CCa in a diverse cohort of pre-treatment serum. Our study shows that GDF-15 was associated with cachexia severity, was superior to standard CCa-associated biomarkers at classifying cachexia, and differentiated between non-cachexia and pre-cachexia status, but only among Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic Whites. Furthermore, high GDF-15 levels at diagnosis were associated with a ~ 2-fold increase in weight loss over the 6 months post-diagnosis. Thus, GDF-15 may be a potential biomarker for pre-cachexia (prior to weight loss) in the White and the Hispanic population, but not Black individuals. These findings underscore the fact that enrollment of minority individuals in clinical trials to evaluate treatments for CCa is of utmost importance.
Reevaluating the Role of Education in Cognitive Decline and Brain Aging: Insights from Large-Scale Longitudinal Cohorts across 33 Countries
Authors: Fjell Anders , Rogeberg Ole , Sørensen Øystein , Amlien Inge , Bartres-Faz David , Brandmaier Andreas , Cattaneo Gabriele , Duzel Sandra , Grydeland Håkon , Henson Rik , Kühn Simone , Lindenberger Ulman , Lyngstad Torkild , Mowinckel Athanasia , Nyberg Lars , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Sole-Padulles Cristina , Sneve Markus , Solana Javier , Stromstad Marie , Watne Leiv , Walhovd Kristine Beate , Vidal Didac
Published: February 2025

Why education is linked to higher cognitive function in aging is fiercely debated. Leading theories propose that education reduces brain decline in aging, enhances tolerance to brain pathology, or that it does not affect cognitive decline but rather reflects higher early-life cognitive function. To test these theories, we analyzed 407.356 episodic memory scores from 170.795 participants > 50 years, alongside 15.157 brain MRIs from 6.472 participants across 33 Western countries. More education was associated with better memory, larger intracranial volume and slightly larger volume of memory-sensitive brain regions. However, education did not protect against age-related decline or weakened effects of brain decline on cognition. The most parsimonious explanation for the results is that the associations reflect factors present early in life, including propensity of individuals with certain traits to pursue more education. While education has numerous benefits, the notion that it provides protection against cognitive or brain decline is not supported.
Prediction of Residual Disease After Excisional Procedure: a Comparison Between Endocervical Curettage and Surgical Margins Following Transformation Zone Excision
Authors: Dias Zinia , de Oliveira Marina , Tricoti Alessandra , Junior João Carlos , Drumond Denise , Leite Isabel
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for precursor lesions of cervical cancer, which must be treated through excision of the transformation zone (ETZ). Following the procedure, it is crucial to identify residual lesions in the remaining cervix. Currently, the standard evaluation involves assessing the pathological involvement of surgical margins in the ETZ specimen. This study aims to evaluate the agreement on the presence of residual disease by comparing histopathological results of surgical margins from the excisional procedure with material obtained from endocervical curettage (ECC) post ETZ.
METHODS: A census-based study was conducted, including patients from the gynecology service of a public university hospital between 2022 and 2024. The association between diagnostic methods was assessed using the Kappa test. Sociodemographic and gynecological-obstetric characteristics were compared with results indicative of residual disease from both methodologies. Associations between variables were analyzed using bivariate methods with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS: Total of 120 patients participated, with mean age of 40 years, predominantly diagnosed with CIN II+. Surgical margin involvement was detected in 27.9% of cases, and ECC positivity in 10%, with four ECC-positive cases showing negative surgical margins, suggesting potential false negatives in the current standard analysis. The sensitivity of ECC was 0.21; specificity, 0.95; negative predictive value, 0.76; and positive predictive value, 0.6. There was weak agreement between diagnostic methods (Kappa 0.197). Only skin color was associated with surgical margin positivity (p-value 0.046).
CONCLUSION: Post-ETZ ECC can provide complementary information regarding surgical margin involvement in patients undergoing excisional procedures.
Combining forced limb use with Ninjin'yoeito treatment prevents atrophy in fast-twitch muscles and promotes functional restoration after hemorrhagic stroke in rat models
Authors: Tajiri Naoki , Ueno Shinya , Mustika Dewi , Tominaga Shiori , Shimizu Takeshi , Mizuno Keita , Hida Hideki
Published: February 2025

Rehabilitative training incorporating forced limb use (FLU) following intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) enhances functional recovery of skilled reaching in rats. Given that Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) influences both cerebral and muscular systems, this study aimed to investigate whether the combined application of FLU and NYT could yield superior functional recovery compared to FLU alone. The ICH model was established by collagenase injection, and the subject was administered FLU from day 1 after ICH (D1) for 7 days and 1% NYT chow until D56. The combination of FLU and NYT resulted in significantly enhanced functional recovery in motor deficit scores at D28 and D56 compared with ICH only, although the score was comparable to that of the FLU group. The combination group exhibited increased total walking distance and a higher number of center entrances in the open-field test at D28. Retrograde labeling of corticospinal neurons after ICH with FluoroGold (FG) revealed no significant increase in FG-positive cells in the cortex of the combination group compared to the FLU group. Anterograde labeling with biotinylated dextran amine demonstrated increased bouton-like varicosities in the red nucleus, similar to that in the FLU group, although NYT alone did not increase the number of positive cells. Specific atrophy of MHC IIb-positive muscles after ICH was mitigated in the combination group, although no significant changes were observed in either the FLU or NYT groups. These findings indicate that the combination of FLU and NYT contributes to the functional recovery of FLU following ICH, mitigating atrophy of fast-twitch muscles.
Bidirectional Causality in IBD and Periodontitis: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Bioinformatics
Authors: Gu Zhongyi , Gao Aichao , Ma Xiang , Wang Xiaotong , Qiu Caiqing
Published: February 2025

Background
The causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between the two.
Methods
This study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis combined with integrated bioinformatics. On one hand, it explored the causal relationship between IBD and periodontitis using bidirectional MR analysis, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the judgment basis and conducted sensitivity analysis. On the other hand, it utilized RNA sequencing data to mine the co-expressed differential genes between the two diseases, to explore the common inflammatory molecules and potential molecular signaling pathways between them.
Results
The study found a bidirectional causal link between IBD and periodontitis (P < 0.05), with the sensitivity analysis showing consistency and no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy (P > 0.05). The results of the MR analysis further confirmed the causal relationship between them. The integrated bioinformatics analysis indicated that immune-related factors, represented by IL1B and CXCR4, and signaling pathways, notably TNF and IL17, may play an important role in the progression of both diseases.
Conclusion
This study, through Mendelian Randomization analysis, established a mutual causal relationship between IBD and periodontitis. The transcriptome sequencing data analysis revealed the common pathological mechanisms and the role of key immune regulatory factors in these diseases. These findings provide important scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD and periodontitis, emphasizing the importance of a deep understanding of the interaction between these diseases.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals Towards Suicidal Behavior Cases: A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study
Authors: GASHUGI Yves , Kanyana Ernestine , Sebatukura Simeon Gitimbwa , Izabayo Josias , Kisakye Josephine
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aims to examine the attitudes and perceptions of Mental health Professionals toward suicidal behavior cases.
Background: Suicide remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, suicide rates have increased due to a combination of psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors. Mental health professionals (MHPs) play a critical role in suicide prevention, yet their perceptions, attitudes, and coping mechanisms remain underexplored. This study investigates MHPs’ perspectives on recognizing suicidal behavior, identifying risk factors, and managing the emotional burden associated with suicide prevention.
Methods: A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 12 mental health professionals working in various institutions across Rwanda. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved both in-person and virtual interviews, with thematic analysis applied to identify recurring themes in MHPs’ experiences, attitudes, and coping strategies. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly adhered to.
Results: Findings reveal that MHPs identify hopelessness, social withdrawal, somatic complaints, and verbalized suicide intent as primary indicators of suicide risk. Family conflict, mental illness, economic distress, and genocide-related trauma were cited as major contributing factors. MHPs reported experiencing guilt, frustration, countertransference, and burnout when working with suicidal patients. However, coping mechanisms such as spiritual practices, social support, clinical supervision, and physical activities were commonly employed to manage emotional distress.
Conclusion: Addressing stigma, improving training in suicide risk assessment, expanding mental health services, and enhancing professional support systems are critical for strengthening suicide prevention efforts. Implementing evidence-based interventions and community-focused mental health strategies can improve outcomes for at-risk individuals and reduce the emotional burden on MHPs.
Genome-wide mapping of complement system proteins for islet autoimmunity in the DAISY and TEDDY children
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M , Parikh Hemang M , Nakayasu Ernesto S , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Chen Wei-Min , Frazer-Abel Ashley , Metz Thomas O , Rich Stephen S , Rewers Marian J , Manichaikul Ani
Published: February 2025

Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells, and there is no cure yet for the disease. While islet autoantibodies are well-recognized biomarkers that mark the onset of islet autoimmunity (IA) and are predictors of T1D, few additional biomarkers are available to monitor disease progression. Recent studies have reported the involvement of complement system proteins in the initiation and progression of IA in the study of T1D. However, the genetic factors of complement system proteins at the time of triggering of IA is unknown.
Results
Through complement system protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) mapping analysis of 170 participants from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), we identified 240 statistically significant pQTLs (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.1) from pooled and IA case-stratified analyses. Replication analysis conducted on 385 IA cases from The Environment Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study confirmed 68 significant (FDR < 0.05) pQTLs in total for C8A, C8B, CFB, C4A, and MBL2. Furthermore, all replicated pQTLs of CFB and C4A were previously reported to be associated with T1D risk.
Conclusions
We identified and replicated 68 pQTLs for five complement system proteins (C8A, C8B, CFB, C4A, and MBL2) in the young population. Among them, all replicated pQTLs of CFB and C4A are also associated with T1D risk. Our study provides evidence of complement system proteins as potential protein biomarkers underlying the development and progression of T1D.
Chitosan and copper nanoparticles in vase solutions elevate the quality and longevity of cut tulips, setting a new standard for sustainability in floriculture.
Authors: Othman Eman Z. , El-Ziat Rasha A. ,   Iman M. El-Sayed2
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles offer innovative solutions for postharvest applications, allowing for the development of innovative compounds that effectively extend the shelf life of cut flowers by reducing ethylene production and preventing bacterial growth. Tulips as a leading choice among cut flowers, encounter common issues such as neck bending and a limited display life, which can severely impact their marketability. This experiment aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nano chitosan (CHS-NPs) at 3.5 and 7.0 mg L− 1, nano copper (Cu-NPs) at 15 and 30 mg L− 1, and lemongrass essential oil (LG) at 150 and 300 mg L− 1 as innovative, eco-friendly solutions for improving the quality and extending the shelf life of cut tulip flowers. The findings reveal that CHS-NPs and Cu-NPs significantly prolong the vase life of cut tulip flowers, with optimal concentrations determined to be 7.5 mg L− 1 and 30 mg L− 1, respectively. These treatments not only enhance water uptake and relative fresh weight (RFW%) but also effectively inhibit microbial growth at the stem base and prevent bacterial blockages in the xylem for up to seven days. Moreover, they substantially increase chlorophyll levels, total soluble carbohydrates, and proteins while decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and boosting antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby enhancing membrane stability. In conclusion, CHS-NPs at 7.5 mg L− 1 and Cu-NPs at 30 mg L− 1 significantly enhance the vase life of cut tulips by improving water balance and antioxidant activity, with Cu-NPs demonstrating better effectiveness. The adoption of Cu-NPs at the recommended concentration should be prioritized in the tulip floral industry.
Size and Microstructure Effect of Silica Nanosphere Assemblies on Antireflective Capability of Typical Solar Cells
Authors: Geints Yury E.
Published: February 2025

This work addresses the problem of broadband optical scattering by micro-assemblies of submicron silica spherical particles functioning as an antireflective (AR) coating applied to the outer layer of a typical solar cell. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulations based on the finite element method, we conduct numerical investigations of the near-field spatial distribution in the vicinity of such micro-assemblies with different internal microstructures. The assemblies can be either fully ordered or possess a disordered nanotexture formed by the random packing of multiple silica nanospheres (NSs). The primary objective of our research is to evaluate the efficiency of light transmission through the surface layer of a solar cell depending on the structural design of the NS-based AR coating. We show that the minimization of unwanted optical reflection of incident radiation is achieved across the entire spectral range of solar radiation at various angles of incidence by using AR coatings composed of essentially subwavelength NSs arranged in a specific number of ordered (densely packed) or disordered (sparsely packed) consecutive layers, which depends on the substrate optical properties.
A method for Symbol Resolution
Authors: Milivojevic Sinisa
Published: February 2025

This paper provides the result of an extensive research into a novel set of algorithms that would provide more efficient (and faster) manner of resolving symbols, such as reserved words, keywords, operators, functions and similar. A new method has been provided which has been thoroughly tested. That method required the utilisation of the hashing. Many hashes have been tested, of which only few could render required results. This resulted in the the invention and development of new hashes, by the author. All necessary information from this research is presented including characteristics of some known algorithms, and including the efficiency of the utilised hashes and a total speed of execution for the entire set of symbols on two different CPUs.