bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy in renal cell cancer: latest evidence and therapeutic implications
Authors: Tsao Che-Kai , Liaw Bobby , He Catherine , Galsky Matthew D. , Sfakianos John , Oh William K.
Published: February 2017

Renal cell cancer (RCC) continues to be among the most lethal malignancies in the USA. Introduction of anti-vascular epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors over a decade ago resulted in improvement in disease outcomes, but further development of new therapies largely stagnated for many years. More recently, a better understanding of disease biology and treatment-resistance patterns has led to a second renaissance in drug development, with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, paving the way for additional therapies entering clinical trial testing in the treatment of RCC.
Use of febuxostat in the management of gout in the United Kingdom
Authors: Waller Arabella , Jordan Kelsey M.
Published: February 2017

Gout is the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis worldwide. Despite clinical cure being achievable and multiple evidence-based guidelines having been published, the incidence and prevalence continues to increase and the condition remains undertreated. Concerns regarding allopurinol have limited its use in those with renal impairment. Febuxostat, a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor requiring no dose adjustment in mild−moderate renal impairment was launched in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2010. We review published data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of febuxostat and provide an opinion on its place in the management of gout in the UK in the context of other published guidelines. One phase II trial, multiple phase III trials [febuxostat versus allopurinol controlled trial (FACT), APEX, CONFIRMS] and two open-label extension trials have demonstrated febuxostat given at the doses commonly used in UK practice (80 mg, 120 mg) to reduce serum urate more effectively than those receiving fixed-dose allopurinol. Overall adverse event rates were comparable across treatment groups aside from gout flare (more common in febuxostat-treated patients) and concerns regarding cardiovascular toxicity are being further evaluated in two large trials. If the outcomes of these are favourable, we would anticipate a marked increase in the use of febuxostat in the UK market. We would advocate the use of febuxostat to target a serum urate < 0.3 mmol/l (5 mg/dl) as a second-line urate-lowering therapy in patients with hyperuricaemia, and clinical gout in those intolerant of allopurinol, or in those in whose renal function precludes optimal dose escalation to achieve target serum urate. We would advise prophylaxis against gouty flare with colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective NSAID (COXIB) after febuxostat initiation.
Neuroradiological findings of trisomy 13 in a rare long-term survivor
Authors: Goff Ryan D , Soares Bruno P
Published: February 2017

Patau syndrome remains a difficult diagnosis for parents and a challenging conversation for clinicians due to the overall poor prognosis. Previous population-based reports have documented the sobering life expectancies of these patients, with few surviving to 1 year of age. Despite the high mortality rate in infants born with trisomy 13, there are several reports of survival into late childhood and early adulthood. While clinical outcomes have been well documented, there has been a paucity of literature describing postnatal imaging findings in long-term survivors. We present a case report of a 2-year-old girl with trisomy 13 who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging examination at our institution to evaluate for possible structural abnormalities contributing to central sleep apnea. We describe the clinical and postnatal neuroimaging findings of this rare patient with trisomy 13. Understanding the spectrum of neuroradiological findings in long-term survivors with trisomy 13, in combination with other organ system abnormalities, could add important clinical information and help better predict patient outcomes and expectations among parents.
Conscious performance and arthroscopic findings in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injuries treated via conservative therapy during the competitive season
Authors: Takata Yasushi , Nakase Junsuke , Toratani Tatsuhiro , Numata Hitoaki , Oshima Takeshi , Kitaoka Katsuhiko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

Athletes often receive conservative treatment for injured anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) so that they can continue to play to the end of their season. The purpose of this study was to examine the conscious performance and arthroscopic findings of athletes who received conservative therapy for ACL injuries.

Methods:

Forty-two patients with ACL injuries underwent conservative treatment. After the season ended, ACL reconstruction was performed. We examined the following parameters: (1) time required for return to competition after injury, (2) conscious performance after return to competition, (3) whether the injured knee gave way during conservative therapy or after return to competition, and (4) cause of performance deterioration if applicable. To determine conscious performance, patients were asked to rate their performance after therapy relative to their performance before injury.

Results:

Thirty-eight of the 42 patients (90.5%) returned to competition after conservative treatment. The mean time to return was 13.8 ± 7.6 weeks, and the mean conscious performance score was 58.4 ± 16.5%. Thirty-eight patients (90.5%) experienced their knee giving way, of whom 36 (94.9%) stated that fear of their knee giving way hampered their performance. At the time of ACL reconstruction, 9 patients had chondral injuries and 22 patients had meniscus injuries.

Conclusion:

Most athletes with damaged ACLs returned to the field within the same season after conservative treatment. However, conscious performance was only about 60%. It is possible that knees giving way caused secondary meniscus and joint cartilage damage. Therefore, conservative treatment of individuals with ACL injuries should be considered carefully.
The results of Bankart repair without capsular plication in patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
Authors: Kalkar İsmail , Esenyel Cem Zeki , Saygılı Mehmet Selçuk , Esenyel Ayşın , Gürbüz Hakan
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, who had been treated with repair of the Bankart lesion without capsuler plication.

Material and method:

The study included 22 shoulders of 22 patients (16 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 28 years, who underwent Bankart repair between 2011 and 2014. Patients with bilateral shoulder instability, multiple instability, >25% glenoid bone loss, and those with a history of shoulder surgery were not included in the study. The average follow-up time was 21.2 months. Evaluation was made of the preoperative number of dislocations, postoperative recurrence, functional status, and daily activity performance of the patients. Shoulder range of motion was measured. The results were evaluated using the Rowe shoulder score and the Oxford shoulder instability score.

Results:

Recurrence was observed in only one patient who had a shoulder dislocation after trauma, thus giving a recurrence rate of 4.5%. Shoulder range of motion was full in all except that one patient. The mean Rowe shoulder score was 95.5 (excellent) and Oxford shoulder stability score was 44.6 (excellent).

Conclusion:

No recurrent shoulder dislocation was observed in patients who underwent Bankart repair surgery. Plication was not performed with the Bankart repair. Close to full range of motion was obtained in all patients. In conclusion, Bankart repair alone can be considered to be sufficient for the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability.
The relationship between radiological alignment of united distal radius fractures and functional and patient-perceived outcomes in elderly patients
Authors: Hohmann Erik , Meta Mahendrakumar , Navalgund Vasudev , Tetsworth Kevin
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between radiological alignment and functional outcomes including strength, range of motion (ROM), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) and patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) scores in elderly patients with united distal radius fractures.

Methods:

We reviewed 118 patients (mean age of 76.2 ± 9.5 years, mean follow-up 36.3 ± 17.6 months). Outcome measures included the DASH and PRWE scores, ROM, and grip and pinch strength were measured using a validated mobile hand-held dynamometer. Radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance, and palmar tilt were measured on standard radiographs.

Results:

The mean total score for DASH was 4.9 ± 7.4 and 6.9 ± 11 for the PRWE. There were significant differences in ROM for palmar flexion and ulnar deviation between the affected wrist and the normal wrist. Linear regression revealed significant relationships for the following variables: between DASH and radiological palmar tilt, between PRWE and radiological palmar tilt, between grip strength and radial inclination, between grip strength and radial height, and between grip strength and ulnar variance.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that minor deformities of the distal radius following distal radius fractures treated with either operative or nonoperative treatment are unlikely to be clinically relevant and have no impact on patient perceived outcomes for elderly patients.
Dynamic Response Evaluation of Damped-Outrigger Systems with Various Heights
Authors: Huang Bin , Takeuchi Toru
Published: February 2017

Outriggers are a proven and effective system used to reduce the dynamic response of tall buildings. By inserting dampers into the outriggers, providing supplementary energy dissipation, further improvements in the dynamic response can be achieved. The aim of this study is to develop analytical methods for the dynamic response evaluation of a single-damped-outrigger system and determine the optimal outrigger locations and damper sizes to minimize response. Changes in the mode shape, damping, natural period and seismic response were studied parametrically using complex eigenvalue analysis of a continuous cantilever model, and the accuracy verified by comparison with a member-by-member model. A simplified single-degree-of-freedom model was then constructed and studied using an assumed lateral displacement curve and the principle of virtual work. Finally, a practical method for determining optimal outrigger location and damper size based on this simplified model was proposed.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL TERMS THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY AND TRANSITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THIS AREA
Authors: Арутюнян Гагик , Arutyunyan Gagik
Published: February 2017

In the context of the activities of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) the article presents a brief analysis of the constitutional provisions enshrining the guarantee of the independence of the judiciary, their compliance with the international standards in this field. Also the author has made a comparative analysis of the rule of law index, in the result, he has concluded that the countries of Eastern Europe in average the conditions and independence of the judiciary are unsatisfactory. Using the amendments to the Constitution of Armenia in 2015, the author provides examples of new constitutional solutions to overcome the current situation and existing problems in the process of formation and functioning of an independent judiciary. During the constitutional reform of 2015 were reformulated the fundamental rights to address complains to the international bodies. The rules on election and appointment of judges were changed, for example the delay of the exercise of the office of president of courts was modified. The High Judges Council was established having as its main purpose the protection of judges’ independence. Some changes were introduced to the judicial procedure having as a main goal its democratization.
CRITERION OF A FAIR TRAIL: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION BY NATIONAL JUSTICE
Authors: Ковлер Анатолий , Kovler Anatoliy
Published: February 2017

International standards of a fair trial were created by centuries of judicial practice and are stipulated by the international and regional pacts and conventions, as well as by the reports and opinions of the Venice Commission. The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning complains against violations of a right to a fair trial are also of a great importance from the point of view of an implementation by the national courts of the European Convention on Human Rights. The European Convention on Human Rights in its Article 6 “Right to a fair trial” — a “core” article of the Convention, provides such standards of a fair trial as a public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial court established by law, judgment must be pronounced publicly. Besides these standards the Convention suggests some procedural guarantees of a fair trial everyone must be informed promptly of the nature of an accusation against him, he has a right to defend himself of though legal assistance ant to examine witnesses, etc. The case-law of the European Court on Human Rights shows that practically all European countries, including Russia, have problems with the implementation of the Convention’s standards into the practice of justice. That is why the Article 6 remains the most “suggested” complain of the applicants.
INTEGRATION AND NATIONAL JUSTICE IN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Authors: Федорцов Александр , Fedortsov Aleksandr
Published: February 2017

Integration processes in Eurasia in recent time are developing rapidly, cooperation between countries is becoming more closer, including in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. In the article the author discloses the various aspects of the activities of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union. Due to the fact that the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) is only two years old, and a practice of it is not very extensive. And in this context the author draws the analogy with various international courts, including the Court of the European Union, the issues of the functioning — can the existing expertise be applied in the Eurasian Economic Union or not? The author makes a conclusion that currently there is a duality of dimensions of justice in the national courts and international judicial organ in the frame of the judicial system of the EEU, and such duality must be overcome to implement the Union’s common justice.
SOCIAL RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Александрова Анна , Aleksandrova Anna
Published: February 2017

The article analyses norms on social rights of citizens, which constitutions of foreign counties contain and which were accepted in the present century. The author considers these norms of constitution as an important part of modern social law. The author introduces some examples and studies some constitutional indicators of a social state (social function of private property, income leveling, social equity principle), and personal rights in field of labour, social security, education, ecology, etc. The author draw following conclusions: some constitutional social rights reflect modern global problems (e.g. the free access to potable water and energy resources, the food security); an importance of state guarantees of education, health protection, social security of exposed sections of the population grow in conditions of the post-industrial society.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF THE ISLANDS OF SAINT HELENA, ASCENSION, TRISTAN DA CUNHA AS AN OVERSEAS TERRITORY OF THE UK
Authors: Ирхин Игорь , Irkhin Igor
Published: February 2017

This article gives general characteristic of the constitutional status of the overseas territories of the UK, show the directions of cooperation between the UK and the overseas territories. The author has made some conclusions on the flexibility and quality differentiation of constitutional and legal approaches of the organization of the political-territorial structure of the UK. The political and territorial relations between the UK and relevant overseas territory were proposed to classify as unitary with the elements of federalism. The author has confirmed the actuality of the question of the constitutional concretization of the competences of the Governor of St. Helena, Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha. In order to provide a more complete account of interests of population of the overseas territories was raised the problem of the lack of constitutional provisions on the appointment of the Administrators on Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha with the opinion formed by elected Councils. The position on the advisability of the constitutional consolidation of the form and order of consideration of the interests of the Islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha in the government of the Kingdom, as well as when considering the UK Parliament of legislative acts on issues relating to the whole Commonwealth was argued.
ADMINISTRATIVE-LAW MODELS ОF GUN USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Зырянов Сергей , Zyryanov Sergey
Published: February 2017

It is considered that in foreign countries the trafficking of weapons is regulated by the state in a minimal volume and it leads to numerous victims in the result of the uncontrolled use of weapons. In fact, the legislation of all countries establishes the requirements for weapons that can be used as a civilian weapon of self-defense, to citizens who can obtain permission to use self-defense weapons, to the procedure for obtaining permits for storage or storage and carrying of weapons, as well as the storage and carrying of weapons of self-defense. These provisions, according to the author, considered together, define a specific administrative-legal model of arms trafficking. The article presents the classification and identifies three standard models of weapons trafficking, depending on the recognition or non-recognition of government right of citizens to armed self-defense. In addition, the author points to a number of objective circumstances, ignored by the legislator in many countries in the choice of a particular model of the turnover of civilian weapons, and comes to the conclusion that the choice of the administrative-legal model of the circulation of civilian weapons rests with the erroneous order to affect the illegal trafficking of arms on the relationship beyond the subject of administrative-legal regulation of the turnover of civilian weapons.
ON THE BURDEN OF PROVING GUILT IN A CASE OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATION
Authors: Василевич Сергей , Vasilevich Sergey
Published: February 2017

The article analyzes the relations in the sphere of evidence and proof of guilt in respect of which the administrative process is underway. Attention is paid to the collection of evidences from sources provided by law, the assessment of the evidences collected, questions of application of the presumption of innocence and the presumption of guilt. One of the most important aspects that require an answer is: who bears the burden of proof. Presumption is an assumption recognized as valid until the contrary is proved. Guilt is a mandatory feature of any administrative offense. We analyze the current legislation and practice, including the context of a person’s right not to incriminate themselves, relatives and members of his family. The situation associated with the violation of the rules of stop rules and parking of the vehicle, as well as other traffic rules is considered. Based on the need to balance public and private interests, it is underlined that the law enforcement agencies’ authorized officers have all legal grounds, taken into consideration the principle of unavoidability of punishment (penalty), to hold a vehicle owner administratively liable if the owner does not provide with the information about whom he (she) has passed his (her) car that turned out to be parked in the wrong place. Attention is paid to the position of the Constitutional Court expressed in one of its definitions referring to the presumption of innocence. The Constitutional Court noted that not only the indicated presumption is important, but also the principle of inevitability of punishment, protection of the foundations of the constitutional system, morality, health, rights and freedoms of others, national defense and state security are necessary. Suggestions have been made for further improvement of law enforcement.
PREVENTION AND RELIEF OF EMERGENCY CONSEQUENCES IN CANADA: LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors: Тимошенко Ирина , Timoshyenko Irina
Published: February 2017

Legal and organizational aspects of prevention and relief of emergency in Canada are considered. On the base of analysis of federal legislation particular features of different types of emergency situation provided in the Emergencies Act 1988 are studied. Appraisal of different types of emergency situation classification for practical activities of competent bodies, which are responsible for planning and organization of system of measures against emergency situation, is made. Constitutional division of competencies between federal and provincial authorities respecting matters of federal and provincial concern is studied. The system of responsible bodies, powers and duties of Governor General, main directions of Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and executive agencies under its auspice activities are explored. Special attention is given to common principles of legislative regulation and practices of prevention and overcoming of emergency situations in the provinces of Canada.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGULATION OF REPO TRANSACTIONS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Бобожонов Мардонбек , Bobozhonov Mardonbek
Published: February 2017

The present article examines the formation of the financial market of Uzbekistan. The development of a market economy helped to raise the profile and priority of civil relations. As one of the means of civil relations the repo transaction is a new and rapidly developing form of transactions in Uzbekistan. Author considers the development of the legal bases of the securities market and its individual institutions, in particular the Institute of repo transactions. Based on the analysis, the author highlights the specificity of repo transactions’ legal regulation in a market economy. The author concludes that the repo market has a positive trend, and gradually expands in the country’s financial market. Year after year, the importance of this transaction increases, and it is possible to determine that by the percentage of the amounts of total repo transactions on stock exchanges. The legal framework, governing the transactions in this category at the legislative level is sufficiently established.
THE CONFLICT REGULATION IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUTHOR IN CROSS-BORDER RELATIONS
Authors: Луткова Оксана , Lutkova Oksana
Published: February 2017

The article deals with national approaches to the identification of the author: on the basis of “lex origins” in the framework of intellectual Statute (Portugal, Romania) or contrary to the Intellectual statute (Russia, USA), on the basis of “lex loci protectionis” (Austria, Germany, Belgium). The conclusion is drawn in respect of the use of collision formula «lex origins» to determine the author of the work as the most appropriate mechanism which leads to the solution of the problem of the initial authorship according to a single law, no matter which country’s court considered the dispute. The attention is paid to inaccuracies in the wording of the scope and to the connecting factor of the domestic conflict norm which selects the applicable law to govern the identification of authorship. In order to improve the domestic conflict regulation it is advisable to formulate in the Civil Code the general rule of conflict of laws that is applicable to identify the author / initial owner of the creation removing the indication that restricts the volume of rules in the Article 1256 p. 3 of the Russian Civil Code, adding to this norm the subsidiary connecting factor “lex loci protectionis” and retaining the general connecting factor “lex origins”. It is also proposed to include into the Russian Civil Code’s Article 1256 a special conflict of laws rule for determining the applicable law to identify the author / initial owner which would correlate with the principle of freedom of contract and would be based on the general connecting factor — “law of party autonomy” (lex voluntatis), and subsidiary connecting factor – “contract law of the country” (lex contractus) for the work for hire which has been created under the contract.
COURT PRACTICE AS A PARAMOUNT LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT FACTOR: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN LAW EXPERIENCE
Authors: Синицын Сергей , Sinitsyn Sergey
Published: February 2017

A recent discernible trend towards complication of legislative regulation of public relations and an active role of law-enforcement activity in interpretation of law under conditions of harmonization of the European law dictate the need of consideration of key issues of interrelation of court practice and the legislation not only on the basis of national law, but also taking into account a rich foreign experience. Both the European and the national legal doctrine treat court practice as an independent object of legal research. The issues of judicial rule-making are solved differently in doctrinal researches of various countries, which is caused both by legal traditions of specific system of justice development, and current development needs specific national systems of law. Identification of legal forms of interrelation of law-enforcement practice and the legislation makes it possible to formulate and understand, from the methodology point of view, significant principles and mechanisms of their interaction to determine efficient legal models of development of the legislation and the law-enforcement activity within a legal framework.
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR BANDITRY IN CONTINENTAL AND ANGLO-SAXON LEGAL FAMILY
Authors: Сальников Артем , Salnikov Artem
Published: February 2017

The article is devoted to comparative legal analysis of legislative regulation of criminal liability for banditry in various legal families. On the basis of modern foreign criminal legislation the author analyzes the features of the institutions of inchoate offences and complicity, as well as the norms establishing liability for the creation and participation in the armed criminal associations. The analysis of the sanctions of articles which provide liability for creation and participation in criminal associations. The author concludes that the existence of the preliminary crime involving liability for creating a variety of organized criminal associations, in some countries is stipulated by acts of preparation. The greatest similarity of criminal policy in the sphere of liability of the regulation for the establishment of organized criminal associations is noticeable between the USA and Russia. Based on the analysis the author proposes to exclude the corpus delicti banditry from the Criminal Code, which allows to solve the problem of differentiation of criminal liability just as the established liability for acts preparation will not allow criminals to evade liability.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LABOUR RELATIONS IN RUSSIA, FRANCE, THE USA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Филипова Ирина , Filipova Irina
Published: February 2017

Two basic models of legal regulation of labour relations exists in the world practice. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. The European model is taken as the basis for legal regulation of labour relations in the Russian Federation. The same model is used in France. The USA and the United Kingdom created Common law system of legal regulation of labour relations. Common law and Continental European systems were adopted by most countries, however in some countries such as China and Latin America countries both models are used combining. Labour laws of the countries using the same model have some similarities. Thus the labour laws of France and the labour laws of Russia have a strong social orientation; they include many of the same rules. However employment law in the states of Common law system is so flexible that it allows more freedom to build employment relationships. It contributes to the development of the labour market and to high achievements in the country’s economic development.
Competition and Credit Ratings After the Fall
Authors: Flynn Sean , Ghent Andra
Published: February 2017

We analyze the entry of new credit rating agencies into structured finance products. Our setting is unique as we study a period in which the incumbents’ reputation was extremely poor and the benefit of more fee income from inflating ratings was low. We find entrants issue higher ratings than incumbents, particularly for interest-only tranches. Using measures of market share that are exogenous to incumbent ratings, we provide suggestive evidence that incumbent rating levels become more generous as entrant market share in a product type increases. We also exploit a feature of structured finance that identifies rating shopping and find that incumbent ratings increase in shopping.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2604 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Price Search and Periodic Price Discounts
Authors: Zhang Xing , Chan Tat Y. , Xie Ying
Published: February 2017

This paper empirically investigates the interplay between buyer search behavior and firm pricing strategy in a commodity market where many firms compete in price to sell homogeneous products. We use the heterogeneity in buyer search cost to rationalize why a firm offers periodic price discounts and enjoys a high profit in such a market. An estimation method is proposed to recover the nonparametric distribution of buyer search cost from the price and transaction volume data. With both data, we show that the search cost distribution can be estimated nonparametrically in a sequential search model, and estimation results from a nonsequential search model are robust to the assumption on the maximum number of searches. We also show that the commonly observed high-low pricing strategy can be an optimal strategy for firms when buyers search for price information sequentially. As an empirical application, we use the proposed method to estimate the two search models using data on a commodity product sold by a firm in a business-to-business market. The models predict a high profit margin for the firm, which is consistent with the data, but the sequential search model fits with the observed price distributions and supply costs better than the nonsequential search model.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2641 .

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Matroids Are Immune to Braess’ Paradox
Authors: Fujishige Satoru , Goemans Michel X. , Harks Tobias , Peis Britta , Zenklusen Rico
Published: February 2017

The famous Braess paradox describes the counterintuitive phenomenon in which, in certain settings, an increase of resources, such as a new road built within a congested network, may in fact lead to larger costs for the players in an equilibrium. In this paper, we consider general nonatomic congestion games and give a characterization of the combinatorial property of strategy spaces for which the Braess paradox does not occur. In short, matroid bases are precisely the required structure. We prove this characterization by two novel sensitivity results for convex separable optimization problems over polymatroid base polyhedra, which may be of independent interest.
Paediatric pelvic fractures: How do they differ from adults?
Authors: Hermans E. , Cornelisse S. T. , Biert J. , Tan E. C. T. H. , Edwards M. J. R.
Published: February 2017

Background

The aim of this article was to review the incidence, presentation, treatment and complications of paediatric pelvic fractures of children who were admitted to our level 1 trauma centre and to compare them with our data from adult pelvic fracture patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of all children with pelvic fractures who were managed at our institution between January 1993 and December 2013 and compared the data with our database on pelvic fractures in adults during the period 2007 to 2012.

Results

We identified 51 children and 268 adults with pelvic fractures. The median age of the paediatric patients was 11 years. Children were significantly more involved in traffic accidents than adults (p < 0.001). Adults had a significantly higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) (31 vs 24.5; p < 0.03) and were significantly more often haemodynamically unstable (p < 0.01). Adults had a type C fracture more often, while children had a type B fracture (p < 0.001). Associated injuries were seen in both groups; however, thoracic injuries were significantly higher in adults (p < 0.01) and injuries to the extremities were higher in children (p < 0.01). Adults were significantly more often treated with open reduction and internal fixation (p < 0.001). Mortality in both groups, however, did not differ (6% vs 8%).

Conclusion

Paediatric pelvic fractures are rare. They differ from adult pelvic fractures in presentation, associated injuries and management. Mortality, however, is substantial and does not differ from the adult population. Mortality is often due to concomitant injuries and not to exsanguination from the pelvic fracture.
Syndesmosis injuries in the pediatric and adolescent athlete: An analysis of risk factors related to operative intervention
Authors: Kramer D. E. , Cleary M. X. , Miller P. E. , Yen Y-M. , Shore B. J.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To review all paediatric ankle syndesmotic injuries occurring at our institution and identify risk factors associated with operative intervention.

Methods

Among 22 873 evaluations for ankle trauma, we found 220 children suffering from syndesmotic injuries (incidence: 0.96%). We recorded demographic data, details of the injury, features on examination and treatment variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to identify risk factors associated with operative intervention.

Results

The mean age at injury was 15.8 years (8.9 to 19.0) with a median follow-up of 13 weeks (IQR 5 to 30 weeks). A sports-related injury was most common (168/220, 76%). A total of 82 of 220 (37%) patients underwent operative fixation, of which 76 (93%) had an associated fibular fracture. Patients undergoing surgery had a higher incidence of swelling and inability to weight bear (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were recorded in tibiofibular (TF) clear space, TF overlap and medial clear space (MCS) between the operative and non-operative cohorts (6.0 vs 4.6 mm (p = 0.002), 5.4 vs 6.9 mm (p = 0.004) and 6.4 vs 3.5 mm (p < 0.001)). Multivariable analysis revealed patients with a fracture of the ankle had 44 times the odds of surgical intervention, patients with a closed physis had over five times the odds of surgical intervention and patients with a medial clear space greater than 5 mm had nearly eight times the odds of requiring surgical intervention.

Conclusions

Operative ankle syndesmotic injuries in the paediatric population are often associated with a closed distal tibial physis and concomitant fibular fracture.
El estado de arte de la teoría de Ruqaiya Hasan: ¿dónde están las pesquisas sobre el Potencial de Estructura Genérica (PEG)?
Authors: Simões Alex Caldas
Published: February 2017

Brasil, como otros países, todavía no tiene una teoría de géneros genuinamentenacional. En estos países hay una síntesis teórica sobre los estudios de género, queen Brasil es conocida como la síntesis brasileña (Bawarshi y Reiff, 2013:17). En estasituación conviven tanto abordajes de enseñanza explícitos como implícitos de gé-neros. Sin embargo, ya es claro para los estudiosos del lenguaje que los abordajesexplícitos de géneros de los discursos están comprometidos con la idea de que «laenseñanza explícita de géneros relevantes proporciona acceso a los aprendicesmenos favorecidos» (Bawarshi y Reiff, 2013:253). A partir de esa constatación, y dela necesidad cada vez mayor de la divulgación de las teorías explícitas de géneros,nosotros presentaremos en nuestra investigación una amplia revisión de literatura delas pesquisas realizadas en la teoría desarrollada por Hasan, el Potencial de EstructuraGenérica (PEG), en el idioma portugués, inglés y español, de 1980 hasta 2015. Des-pués de la comparación cuantitativa entre las pesquisas —que indicarán dónde estánlos investigadores, centros de estudio, dominios y géneros más investigados, entreotros— será posible diseñar el estado de arte de la teoría Potencial de EstructuraGenérica (PEG) en el mundo.
Prediction of financial distress in foreign exchange banking firms using risk analysis, good corporate governance, earnings, and capital
Authors: Harahap Ali Machsum
Published: February 2017

The main role of a bank is to collect funds from those who have surplus funds and distribute them to those who have a shortage of funds with the purpose to make benefit from such activity. However, this activity would bring problem when the bank is underfunded or experiencing financial distress due to the customers’ inability to repay the funds. This study aims to test whether the ratio of non-performing loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), and Return on Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM) and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) can be used to predict financial distress in Foreign Exchange Banking Firms in the period 2009-2012. The initial samples in this study are 35 Foreign Exchange Banks, but there are only 16 Foreign Exchange Banks that meet the criteria. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method and the data used in this study is a secondary data by looking at the financial statements and the related statements of GCG of the Banks. The test equipment used to test the hypo-thesis is logistic regression. These results indicate that the ratio of ROA and NIM can be used to predict financial distress in Foreign Exchange Banks because ROA and NIM have significance value below 0.05 (5%). While the ratio of NPL, LDR, GCG and CAR cannot be used to predict financial distress in Foreign Exchange Banks because NPL, LDR, GCG, and CAR have significance value above 0.05 (5%).
Real earnings management of operation before and after the implementation of IFRS using cash flow measurement approach
Authors: Dewi Tiara Puspita
Published: February 2017

The timeframe of this study is two years, before the implementation of IFRS in 2011 and after the implementation of IFRS in 2013. The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. From the existing 179 companies, 92 companies were selected according to the criteria of the sampling method and then determined as the subjects of the study. The data were secondary data obtained in the form of ready-made (provided) through publications and infor-mation issued by various organizations or public companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The focus of this study is to examine the differences in the real earnings management with the measurement of cash flow operation before and after the implementation of IFRS. Roychowdhury (2006) stated that the indication of real earnings management is the interval between -0.075 and 0.075. The results show that there is no difference between real earnings management with the measurement of cash flow operation before the implementation of IFRS and real earnings man-agement with the measurement of cash flow operation after the implementation of IFRS.
The effect of corporate governance and firm size on company’s financial performance
Authors: Agus Budiyanto Richy Sugiono , Hudiwinarsih Gunasti
Published: February 2017

The company's financial performance is very important, as one of the ways that can be done by the company's management, to meet the obligations of the parties concerned in achieving the vision and mission of the company. Good Corporate governance is one way to make the company more optimal in achieving the goals of the company. Based on the Corporate Governance Perception Index, some companies are included in the CGPI ratings with the category of very reliable and reliable. This will bring more investors to come so that the companies can develop into bigger investment with funds provided by the investors. As such, the research aims to test the effect of good corporate governance, as measured by CGPI score and firm size on the company’s financial performance, con-sisting of profitability, leverage, and liquidity. This research is using purposive sampling method to select all the population, i.e. companies included in the CGPI ratings with the category of very reliable and reliable, and listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010-2013. There are 59 companies used as the samples in this study. The results of the analysis show that good corporate governance affects profitability and leverage, but it does not affect liquidity. While, firm size affects profitability, leverage, and liquidity
The effect of experience, competence, independence, and professionalism of auditors on fraud detection
Authors: Sulistyowati Lingga , Supriyati Supriyati
Published: February 2017

This research aims to determine the effect of experience, competence, independence, and professionalism, as the independent variables, on fraud detection, as the depen-dent variable. The population of this research is the auditors who work for Public Accountant Firms in Surabaya. The sample used in this study consists of 58 audi-tors working in 12 Public Accounting Firms in Surabaya. Data are obtained through a survey of the questionnaires completed by senior accountants working in the Public Accounting Firm located in Surabaya City. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling method, and the research data are analyzed using mul-tiple regression analysis using SPSS version 20.00. The research results are ob-tained that the variables of experience, competence, and professionalism affect the fraud detection. But the variable of independence does not affect the fraud detection.
The design of performance measurement for balanced scorecard method integrated with six sigma (A case study in PT Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa, Tbk.)
Authors: Herjayanti Rizka , El-Maghviroh Rovila
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to design a Balanced Scorecard performance measurement that is integrated with Six Sigma methods in PT Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa, Tbk. Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement method that includes the measurement of four perspectives; financial perspective and the other three non-financial perspectives (customer perspective, internal business processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective). This measurement method is integrated with DMAIC process (definition, measurement, analysis, improvement, control). Analysis technique is to identify the vision, mission, objectives, SWOT analysis and company strategy. Based on the measurement using key performance indicators of each perspective, the analysis is done in case of the decrease in performance, and focuses on finding control and solution to improve the performance. This study also measures the level of Six Sigma, where the company managed to achieve sigma level of 6.20, or 99.999869%. The re-sults obtained from the measurement are in accordance with the key performance indi-cators in which 1) there is an increase in financial perspective 2) there is a decrease in customer perspective, 3) there is an increase in internal business process perspective, and 4) there is a decrease in learning and growth perspective.
Differences in stock return, corporate value, and risk based on the SRI-KEHATI index status in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Fertion Kukuh
Published: February 2017

Recent studies are paid attention to see whether there is a difference among the factors related to stock in companies listed in stock exchange. Therefore, it is also salient to do the same research so that more evidence can be gathered. The purpose of this research is to find the differences in stock return, corporate value, and risk between the compa-nies listed on SRI-KEHATI Index and those, which are not listed in SRI-KEHATI Index. This research uses secondary data taken from public companies listed on Indo-nesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The population consists of the companies listed on SRI-KEHATI Index to be compared with the companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2010 to 2013. The purposive sampling method is used in this study accord-ing to the criteria of assessment. The quantitative method is used to analyze this study. The signaling theory is the basic theory of this research. The analysis technique is using independent sample t-test. The result indicates that there is no difference in stock return, corporate value, and risk between the companies listed and those which are not listed on SRI-KEHATI index.
The effect of liquidity, profitability, sales growth, and dividend policy on stock prices after the implementation of IFRS
Authors: Pranata Dany , Pujiati Diyah
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research is to find out the effect of liquidity (CR), profitability (ROA), sales growth (SG), and dividend policy (DPR) on the stock price after the implementation of IFRS. This is a quantitative research with the samples consisting of 13 companies of the 45 companies listed on LQ45 in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2011-2013. Totally, there were 39 data collected for the analysis. The sample was determined using purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result provides evidence that lead to a conclu-sion. Therefore, it can be concluded that, partially, the variables of Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), sales growth (SG), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) have an effect on stock prices. In addition, Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) simultaneously have a significant effect on stock prices. However, the sales growth (SG) has no significant effect on stock prices.
The accounting students’ perception towards accounting professions
Authors: Ramadhan Setiawan Budi , Hudiwinarsih Gunasti
Published: February 2017

This study analyzed the perception of accounting students in various accounting profession by considering their characteristics during the courses taken before the end of the class. It aims to determine their profile in accounting. There are five employment sectors that can be registered by the accounting graduates, such as public accountants, management accountants, educator accountants, government accountants and ac-counting services office. It also analyzed their options for the accounting profession by considering the salary factor, professional training factors, professional recognition factor, factor of social values, work environment factors and consideration of the labor market. The data were collected using questionnaires directly distributed to them while they were still taking the courses of Accounting Seminar and Research Metho-dology with a sample of 117 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and methods of Crosstab. The results showed that there is a relationship be-tween age and choice of profession to the subject, and between the genders of choices of profession. Then the main factors considered by the students in the choice of account-ing profession is a factor of professional training, namely training before work, profes-sional recognition is an opportunity to thrive, salary and other salaries, labor market of career path length, work environment, namely pressure of work, and social values and the opportunity to interact with others.