bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining corruption and fraud in professional sport
Authors: Geldibaev Movlad Khasiyevich , Dikaev Salman Umarovich , Krasnova Kristina Aleksandrovna , Filatova Nadezhda Yurievna , Tsvetkov Pavel Valerievich
Published: May 2021

The first step in systemic addressing the problem of corruption is the comprehension of its scale and nature. This paper explores the extent of fraud and corruption in professional sport. In addition to exploring the forms of legal response, one should mention the improper coverage of the issues of counteracting corruption in professional sport. Fraud and, specifically, corruption in sport is difficult to assess. Most of all-Russian and regional sports federations, physical culture and sports associations tend not to recognise the existence of corruption or fraud in particular sports, or claim that fraud and corruption are under control. Purpose of the study: to explore the extent of corruption and fraud in professional sport. We present a systematic review of literature that explores corruption and fraud, identifying the factors of corruption and fraud in professional sport. To search for relevant studies, the published literature was identified as based on Scimagojr, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Sage Open, in search of relevant studies. Results and novelty: Some sports federations recognise that corruption and fraud are detrimental to fair play and integrity of the professional sport. It is a good practice to develop guidelines for sportsmen in relation to a particular professional sport, which outlines the deeds recognised as corruption and fraud, sets the procedure for their registration, assessment and measures to mitigate and counteract such threats. We have outlined the specifics of motivation for corruption and fraud in professional sport, which differs from the ways of corruption in other segments (like health, education, public service). Professional sports are not characterised by such traditional stimuli for corruption and fraud as poor working conditions and low wages, due to the fact that professional sportsmen are highly paid and their work conditions and social guarantees are much better than those of most ordinary people.
Life imprisonment: a relic of the past or dira recessitas
Authors: Tuliglovich Maksim Anatolievich , Shvets Aleksander Vitalievich , Kozaev Nodar Shotaevich , Epifanov Boris Vasilyevich , Narzullozoda Suhrob Saidakhmad
Published: May 2021

The existence of life imprisonment in the criminal legislation of Russia is assessed ambiguously both by representatives of Russian science and by foreign analysts. This problem is many-sided and ambiguous in its content. Its solution depends on a large number of variables, sometimes independent of the subject of analysis. These include trends in criminal policy, the state of crime in the state, and the related “punitive claims” of the population. The balance of Domestic and International Interests in ensuring Human Rights is the key idea in analyzing life imprisonment from the perspective of historical viability or reality. The purpose of the research was to clarify the place and role of life imprisonment in the current system of criminal punishment based on the analysis of doctrinal approaches, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the European Court of Human Rights, and statistical data. The work is based on the use of such general scientific methods of research as dialectical, statistical, comparative-legal and hermeneutic. The above methods are used in interaction to obtain a synergistic effect. In the course of the study, the “deterrent” mechanism of the most severe punishment in the criminal system was found to be sufficient. It is determined that life imprisonment is a necessary measure to ensure social justice, albeit cruel, but appropriate in today’s society.
Problem of domestic violence: international scope and national perspectives on legislative resolution
Authors: Komissarova Elena Genrikhovna , Krasnova Tatyana Vladimirovna , Zimneva Svetlana Viktorovna , Gorina Natalia Valeryevna , Shershen Tamara Vasilyevna
Published: May 2021

The authors seek to form a theoretical basis for the Russian legislator creating legislation against domestic violence by comparing the theoretical and legislative ideas implemented in different countries in creating such special legislation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Russian theoretical resource on the problem of intrafamily violence to identify the “missing links” in the doctrinal study of the problem and dogmatic qualification of relations arising in such violence. In an attempt to change the existing trajectory of this type of substantive research, the authors address domestic violence prevention using interdisciplinary and systemic approaches involving the methods of analysis, generalization, formal logic, hermeneutics, and comparison. Based on the study results, the authors conclude that conceptual problems of domestic violence do not fit into the thematic framework of family law science. To develop an adequate law concept on the prevention of domestic violence and the protection of its victims, the system of source studies must include not only the views of representatives of family law science but also the surrounding sciences.
Reforming legislation in prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency
Authors: Ryabova Elena Nikolayevna , Savinov Leonid Ivanovich , Bondarenko Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Cherkasova Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The article represents the results of the analysis of modern legal regulation of the system for prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation and activity of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection as the main authority of that system. Relevance and immediacy of changes and reforming of legislation in the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and areas of such activity are associated with the needs of the modern informational society. The authors analyze regulatory legal acts governing the activity of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection, proposals of executive authorities of constituents of the Russian Federation in the practicability of developing a concept of federal law on prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and rights’ protection and they characterize primary trends in the activity of this authority in order to define further perspectives of activity within the system of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency in Russia. Methodological support of the research are such methods of scientific cognition as analysis and synthesis, comparative-legal, formally legal, analysis of documents, legal modeling, survey, which allowed for a comprehensive approach to the research of this problem. The result of the research was reasoned conclusions on the practicability of reforming authorities and legal relations in the system of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency. Models are given for the modernization of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection. The results ensure conceptual basis and trends in the development of proposals for improvement of legal regulatory regulation of social relations in the prevention of asocial behavior and juvenile delinquency.
Operational-Investigative Activities of Judicial Authorization: Features of Performance
Authors: Ahmedov Ahmed Guseinovich , Boziev Taylan Osmanovic , Pcholovsky Nikolay Kazimirovich , Cardenas Luis Alomar Ocampo
Published: May 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the study of issues related to the peculiarities of performing operational-investigative activities of judicial authorization enshrined in the Federal Law “On operational-investigative activities” The questions of performing operational-investigative activities and the restrictions on the constitutional rights of citizens, connected with them, are raised. Performing operational-investigative activities, requiring judicial authorization, is impossible without clear knowledge and understanding of not only the Federal Law “On operational-investigative activities” but also the decisions of both the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. Understanding these documents makes it possible to competently and fully, in compliance with all the requirements of the law, draw up the necessary documents to obtain the permission of a court, competently and clearly determine which activity should be conducted in each case, taking into account the technical and other features of both the activity itself and the allocated funds. Purpose: to conduct a scientific study of operational-investigative activities of judicial authorization; to analyze the legislation governing the specifics of performing these activities, the powers of the subjects of operationalinvestigative activities when performing the considered activities. As the methods and methodology of conducting the work, formal-logical and dialectical methods, sociological, and historical methods were used. The scientific article is based on a sociological, theoretical, and historical method, on a set of techniques for understanding the legal status of an official, the theory of authorities, and a comparative analysis of legislative norms. The main methodological approach used in the scientific article is the theory of operational-investigative legislation, developed in the works of Russian lawyers. Main results: the study made it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the regulatory framework governing the specifics of conducting operational-investigative activities requiring judicial authorization, as well as significant errors in law enforcement practice. Conclusions and substantiation of the novelty of the work: based on the analysis of the Federal Law “On operational-investigative activities”, insufficient legal elaboration of the legal regulation of operationalinvestigative activities of judicial authorization is substantiated. The ways of solving the existing problems are proposed, including by amending the current legislation on operational-investigative activities.
Principles of ensuring economic security
Authors: Litvinenko Alexander Nikolaevich , Gioev Georgy Vartanovich , Gnezdilov Yuri Vladimirovich , Podvoiskaya Maria Anatolyevna , Sidenko Aleksander Georgievich
Published: May 2021

The problem of economic security continues to remain relevant today, since the unstable, rapidly changing social and economic situation does not allow hoping for a quick solution to the institutional and infrastructural aspects of the development of economic systems. An important place in this issue is occupied by theoretical and methodological principles of ensuring economic security, the degree of development of which is still far from satisfactory. A review of regulatory documents and scientific papers on the principles of ensuring economic security indicates the dominance of the legislative and doctrinal approach. At the same time, systemic, process, situational approaches to the problem of economic security and the principles of its provision remain poorly studied and insufficiently developed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the development feasibility of additional methodological tools, the core of which can be system, process, situational approaches, and the underlying principles along with the widespread legislative and doctrinal approach in the field of ensuring economic security. The proposed methodology based on systemic, process and situational approaches is based on principles that have proven themselves well in various branches of science. These principles are especially widespread in the theory and practice of both public administration and corporate management. The article proposes the principles of ensuring economic security, including the principle of increasing and orchestrated efforts, the principle of balance, and the principle of cyclical development, which can be useful in developing methodological measures defined in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030.
Mechanisms for freezing terrorist assets and their using within the operational-search activity
Authors: Rodichev Maksim Leonidovich , Lozina Yulia Aleksandrovna , Krivobokov Anton Dmitrievich , Lobanov Artyom Aleksandrovich , Rodicheva Maria Valeryevna
Published: May 2021

One of the areas of focus of counterterrorism efforts is eliminating the financial capabilities of terrorism. It is performed using different mechanisms which include tools of freezing property used for acts of a terrorist nature or their financing. The results of the application of the above-mentioned mechanisms allow making a supposition of the lack of efficacy of their use. As can be seen from the above, a need for scientific studies of problems related to using tools of freezing terrorists’ assets arises in order to increase its efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify problems arising in the field of using tools of freezing property belonging to persons involved in acts of a terrorist nature. The empirical foundation of the study was the information concerning the activity progress in the area of combating the financing of terrorism, as well as the legal instruments that regulate this work. As part of the study, the methods of theoretical modeling, analysis and synthesis of principles of law and legal interpretation were applied. The study performed allowed coming to some results not previously presented in the scientific literature. Thus, the authors drafted proposals of affording a legal opportunity for all authorities authorized to perform operational-search activity, of submitting in a proactive manner at the Rosfinmonitoring (the Federal Financial Monitoring Service of the Russian Federation) the documents containing foundations for the insertion in the List of Individuals and Groups, in respect of which there is information about their involvement in extremist activities or terrorism, as well as of introducing changes in Art. 11 of the Federal Law “Concerning operational-search activity”, which allow using the results of operational-search activity for making decisions on freezing assets belonging to persons involved in acts of a terrorist nature or its financing.
Law Enforcement Activities of the Criminal Executive Special Forces Associated with the Use of Coercive Measures
Authors: Ponikarov Sergey Vladimirovich , Ponikarov Vladimir Anatolievich , Dazmarova Tatyana Nikolaevna , Zverev Andrey Vladimirovich , Chorny Vasily Nikolaevich
Published: May 2021

Research prerequisites: Insufficient scientific knowledge of this issue dictates the advisability of considering and studying this topic. For the first time, the article highlights the legal aspects associated with the use of methods of struggle, special means, and military weapons by employees of special-purpose units of the criminal-executive (penitentiary) system of Russia. The paper states that only for the commission of criminal offences, it is possible to use military weapons by special forces units of the Federal Penitentiary Service and special escorting divisions of the criminalexecutive system of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the research: to investigate the law enforcement activities of the penitentiary special forces associated with the use of coercive measures including for criminal offences. Methods: when considering the essence of coercive measures in the law enforcement activities of special-purpose units, the article used the dialectical method. To formulate the conditions for the correct (legal) use of weapons in law enforcement directly by employees of special-purpose units of the Russian penitentiary system, systematized methods were used. The empirical method was used when interviewing special forces officers in the investigated activities. Results and novelty: the scientific result of this article is the first formulated many components aimed at improving the measures of coercion. In particular, the grounds for the correct use of methods of struggle, special means, and military weapons are proposed. The article identifies situations (circumstances) associated with a real threat to the life and health of a special-purpose employee. The negative and positive aspects associated with the use of coercive measures are emphasized.
Plea for justice when returning criminal cases to prosecutor by cassation court
Authors: Yevstigneyeva Olga Vyacheslavovna
Published: May 2021

Pre-requisites of the research are the establishment of cassation courts of general jurisdiction in Russia, as well as no clear procedure in the Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code for returning criminal cases to the prosecutor by the cassation court upon the grounds causing the impaired position of the convict (or acquitted person). The research purpose is to formulate requirements based on the principle of justice to the legal institute of returning criminal cases to the prosecutor by the cassation court for circumstances showing the need to impair the position of the convict (or acquitted person). The Methods are abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, ascending from abstract to concrete. The article substantiates that the grounds to return a criminal case to the prosecutor provided for in the Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code causing remission of a sentence under a cassation procedure represent a type of material breaches of criminal procedure law that affect the outcome of the case. When such circumstances cause an impaired position of the convict (or acquitted person), they must comply with the requirements of justice.
Information and analytical support for the detection and investigation of crimes
Authors: Dronova Olga Borisovna , Kurin Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Alekseeva Anna Pavlovna , Sidorenko Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Guseva Svetlana Dmitrievna
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness of law enforcement agencies is constantly monitored by the public, and its indicator is the safety of citizens, the ability to exercise their rights and freedoms. One of the strategic resources of the life of modern society is various information. Computer networks, geographical information systems, means of tactical forecasting of crimes, numerous integrated databases are already widely applied in the activities of the law enforcement agencies. Despite this, the main information resource for forensic purposes represented by the information arrays of the forensic registration system still remains a repository of heterogeneous data, the collective use of which causes significant organizational and technical difficulties. Information and analytical support for the disclosure and investigation of crimes is aimed at obtaining an analytical information product about the structure, hierarchy, and composition of criminal groups, about the commodity and cash flows and relations of individuals and legal entities, about their joint criminal activities, about the unidentified circumstances of the events of the crime to be proven. The implementation of cumulative inspections of objects and traces on various information arrays helps to establish the missing information about the crime event.
Psychological determinants of managerial leadership in internal affairs officers
Authors: Semakova Anastasia Igorevna , Ilyankova Ekaterina Ivanovna , Belov Vasily Vasilievich , Shapoval Valentin Anatolievich , Marchenko Gennady Viktorovich
Published: May 2021

The possibility of applying the concept of managerial leadership as a theoretical basis for building an innovative training and formation system of territorial bodies and units senior staff reserve of internal affairs bodies is discussed in the article. The results of an empirical study, the purpose of which is to identify the psychological characteristics of internal affairs officers who are prone to managerial leadership, are presented.
Overcoming psychological barriers in discourse interaction in the era of information
Authors: Bobyreva Ekaterina , Zheltukhina Marina , Busygina Mariana , Khudobina Olga
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the types of communicative competence in different types of discourse. Communicative competence refers to the ability to predict a communicative situation in a specific area of communication which becomes important in the era of information, to manage the process of communication in a certain situational environment. Levels of language personality formation are distinguished. The concept of a psychological barrier arising in the process of communication is given. Psychological barrier refers to a condition that impedes full development and manifestation of a personality. Multilevel character of communicative competence is shown, levels of its formation are distinguished; such types as lexical, textual and discourse competence are considered. As a person enters discourse space and develops communicative competence, his emotional state changes – from negative or neutral emotions to positive emotions. The question is raised about the possibility of communicative failures caused by communication barriers arising during communication. Types of communicative barriers, their characteristics and ways to overcome them are considered; besides, barriers related to insufficient proficiency in a particular level of language (phonetic, lexical, stylistic) are considered. Among the reasons for communicative barriers are: features of communicants’ intelligence; difference in interpreting concepts; difference in vocabulary; misunderstanding of communicative situation; psychological characteristics of partners; social, political, professional, religious differences.Many of these barriers appear in modern society which overcomes specific changes in the era of information. Significance of psychological factor as well as level of formation of emotional competence to overcome emerging communicative barriers is shown.
Antikörper-Adsorptionsmethoden für die Diagnostik von erythrozytären Alloantikörpern bei Patienten mit panreaktiven Autoantikörpern
Authors: Greinacher Jan , Selleng Kathleen
Published: June 2021

Der Nachweis und die Differenzierung von erythrozytären Alloantikörpern bei Patienten mit freien wärmereaktiven Autoantikörpern (WAK) im Plasma stellt das immunhämatologische Labor vor eine Herausforderung. Eine Allo- und/oder Autoadsorption kann die Autoantikörperreaktivität des Patientenplasmas reduzieren oder vollständig entfernen und vorhandene Alloantikörper demaskieren. Wir schlagen einen diagnostischen Stufenplan vor, der diese Methoden besonders berücksichtigt, und eine Transfusionsstrategie, die sich an der Dringlichkeit der Transfusion orientiert. Eine indizierte Transfusion darf durch die Diagnostik nicht verzögert werden.
Neue Erkenntnisse zur Ursache von Herzkreislaufstillständen im Krankenhaus
Authors: Roedl Kevin , Kluge Stefan
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Charakteristiken und Ursachen des präklinischen und innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands Eine große dänische Studie verglich die Charakteristiken von mehr als 12 000 Patienten mit präklinischem oder innerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Interessanterweise zeigten sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen eine ähnliche Demografie sowie eine ähnliche Anzahl an Vorerkrankungen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich Unterschiede vor allem durch die Charakteristiken des Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands erklären lassen. Dies ist vor allem im Hinblick auf die derzeit noch unzureichende Studienlage zum innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand interessant.

Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand auf der Intensivstation Etwa die Hälfte der innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstände ereignet sich auf der Intensivstation. Zwei kürzlich publizierte Studien befassten sich genauer mit dem Vorkommen, den Ursachen sowie der Prognose von Patienten mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand auf der Intensivstation.

COVID-19 und Auswirkung auf den innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand Mehrere Studien zeigten während der COVID-19-Pandemie eine höhere Inzidenz von präklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillständen mit schlechterer Prognose. Aktuell ist unklar, wie oft hospitalisierte Patienten mit COVID-19 einen innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand erleiden. Publizierte Arbeiten zeigten eine sehr eingeschränkte Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit. Als führende Ursache zeigte sich überwiegend ein hypoxisch getriggerter Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand mit nicht schockbaren EKG-Rhythmen (Asystolie/PEA). Eine kardiale Ursache fand sich nur selten. Aufgrund der schlechten Prognose wurde von einigen Autoren sogar die Sinnhaftigkeit von Reanimationsmaßnahmen bei COVID-19-Patienten diskutiert.
Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thrombose
Authors: Hart Christina , Linnemann Birgit
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thromboembolie-Risiko Kombinierte hormonelle Kontrazeptiva (KK) erhöhen das VTE-Risiko signifikant. Gestagen-Monopräparate sind mit Ausnahme der 3-Monatsspritze nicht mit einem erhöhten VTE-Risiko assoziiert und können bei Frauen mit vorausgegangener VTE oder thrombophilen Risikofaktoren mit Wunsch nach hormoneller Verhütung angewandt werden.

Individuelle Risikofaktoren und hormonelle Kontrazeption Vor der Verschreibung einer hormonellen Kontrazeption soll eine sorgfältige Erhebung des VTE-Risikos erfolgen. Eine entsprechende Checkliste findet sich auf der Internetseite des BfArM. Eine routinemäßige Testung auf hereditäre Thrombophilie wird nicht empfohlen.

Kontrazeption unter Antikoagulation Orale Antikoagulanzien sind plazentagängig und prinzipiell embryotoxisch und erfordern somit die Anwendung einer sicheren Empfängnisverhütung. Eine häufige Nebenwirkung unter oraler Antikoagulanzientherapie ist das Auftreten einer Hypermenorrhö. Die hormonelle Kontrazeption kann bei bestehender Antikoagulation auch mit einem Kombinationspräparat fortgeführt werden, sofern spätestens 6 Wochen vor Beendigung der Antikoagulation die Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption erfolgt.

Hormonassoziierte VTE und Rezidivrisiko VTE, die bei Frauen unter Verwendung von hormonellen Kontrazeptiva aufgetreten sind, gelten als provozierte Ereignisse. Das Rezidivrisiko einer hormonassoziierten VTE ist nach Absetzen der Antikoagulation und Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption gering, sodass eine Antikoagulationsdauer von 3–6 Monaten in der Regel ausreichend ist. Nach hormonassoziierter VTE wird während einer künftigen Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett eine medikamentöse VTE-Prophylaxe empfohlen.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative [4+2] Annulation of Benzamides with Dihydrofuran: A Facile Route to Tetrahydrofuro[2,3-c]isoquinolinones
Authors: Zhang Zhuo-Zhuo , Shi Bing-Feng , Zhou Gang , Huang Fan-Rui
Published: June 2021

A cobalt-catalyzed oxidative [4+2] annulation of benz­amides with dihydrofuran was developed for the expeditious synthesis of tetrahydrofuro[2,3-c]isoquinolinones. Commercially available and inexpensive Co(OAc)2·4H2O was used as an efficient catalyst. Various functional groups were tolerated, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent regioselectivity and good diastereoselectivity under mild conditions.
Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz: Umsetzung kann Kliniken überfordern
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: May 2021

Es ist ja wirklich nicht so, dass Krankenhaus-Verantwortliche in den vergangenen Monaten Däumchen gedreht hätten: Freihaltepauschalen, Erlösausfälle, Rettungsschirme – mit einem ganzen Bündel von Maßnahmen müssen sich die Klinik-Managerinnen und -Manager beschäftigen, um zumindest finanziell einigermaßen unbeschadet durch die Pandemie-Krise zu kommen. Und dann gibt es ja noch das Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz (KHZG), das dafür sorgen soll, die Digitalisierung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen endlich auf internationales Niveau anzuheben. Es ist ja auch höchste Zeit.
Rechtskolumne: Neue Rechtsprechung zum Qualitätsgebot
Authors: Rybak Christian
Published: May 2021

Krankenhäuser können bei stationären Patienten Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden zu Lasten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung abrechnen, solange dies nicht durch Beschluss des G-BA ausgeschlossen wird (Erlaubnis mit Verbotsvorbehalt, Paragraf 137c SGB V). Über Inhalt und Reichweite der Norm besteht jedoch seit Jahren Uneinigkeit.
A review of crime prevention activities in a Japanese local government area since 2008: Beautiful Windows Movement in Adachi Ward
Authors: Hino Kimihiro , Chronopoulos Themis
Published: June 2021

There have been limited reports on crime prevention policies by local governments in Japan, which is one of the safest countries in the world. This article reviews crime prevention policies in Adachi Ward, which used to have the highest crime rates in Tokyo. The government of Adachi Ward introduced the “Beautiful Windows Movement” (BWM) in 2008. Based on BWM, Adachi Ward implemented various programs and interventions based on two different aspects: the aspect of preventing minor crimes and disorder in partnership with the police referring to the Broken Windows Theory and the aspect of literally making the Ward beautiful in cooperation with citizen volunteers. After 11 years of implementing BWM, the number of recorded crimes in Adachi Ward declined the most in Tokyo and residents’ sense of security improved significantly. This case study highlights the advantage of the duality of BWM to both reduce crimes and improve residents’ sense of security.
Advanced negative stiffness absorber for low-frequency noise insulation of panels
Authors: Paradeisiotis Andreas , Kalderon Moris , Antoniadis Ioannis
Published: June 2021

The sound transmission loss of conventional means of passive acoustic treatment in the low-frequency range is governed by two physical mechanisms: the inertia, as stated by the mass density law, and the local resonances of the structure. Since usual partitions are flexible and lightweight, their acoustic performance is poor, especially below 300 Hz. Although conventional acoustic meta-materials can offer excellent acoustic properties, they also perform poorly in this range. Therefore, novel meta-structures are required to overcome these limitations. This proposed novel absorber optimally combines the concepts of KDamper (KD) and inertial amplification mechanisms (IAMs). The novelty of the KD-IAM absorber lies in the generation of equally deep but significantly wider attenuation bands surpassing the mass density law while requiring only a small fraction of additional mass. The absorber is implemented and demonstrated as an elastic mount for retrofitting existing panels, essentially manipulating the resonant response of the structure by controlling the panel’s boundary conditions. It is also shown that increasing the panel’s rigidity and, consequently, its fundamental eigenfrequency utilizing stiffeners results in further improvements in the bandwidth and depth of noise attenuation. A wide and deep attenuation band is demonstrated in the resonance region below 120 Hz, up to 13 dB above the reference level. An indicative design and implementation for a case study are presented. It is further demonstrated that the same concept can be utilized for the formation of meta-structures by periodic repetition of KD-IAM unit cells, leading to significant additional attenuation of the lowest vibration modes.
Bandgap tunability of surface acoustic waves in a two-dimensional magneto-electro-elastic phononic crystal
Authors: Hu Jianying , Yang Guangying , Shen Tao , Zhang Minghua , Du Jianke
Published: June 2021

The propagation of surface acoustic waves in two types of tunable magneto-electro-elastic phononic crystal structures is investigated, for which Terfenol-D rods are vertically deposited on the piezoelectric substrate or embedded in the piezoelectric substrate. The bandgaps of the phononic crystal structures are analyzed by using the finite element method considering the nonlinear physical characteristics of Terfenol-D under a magnetic field and compressive pre-stress. Furthermore, through a detailed discussion of the calculated results, it is shown that the bandgaps of surface acoustic waves can be enlarged and new bandgaps will appear under an appropriate magnitude of magnetic field and compressive stress. Therefore, the present numerical model may provide relevant guidance for adjusting the bandgaps of surface acoustic waves in a two-dimensional magneto-electro-elastic phononic crystal.
Simulation and evaluation of a body energy harvesting device for arm and leg swing motions
Authors: Petani Lisa , Essig Stefan , Zeilfelder Jennifer , Kortenhaus Moritz , Pylatiuk Christian
Published: June 2021

Body energy harvesting (BEH), especially for wearable devices, is an emerging and promising technology to improve the battery capacity and to avoid regular maintenance in terms of energy supply. A broad application of BEH increases sustainability and thus offers an advantage from an environmental point of view. We present a light weight BEH device for non-resonant arm and leg swing motions. The design was kept as simple and robust as possible and is based on an electrical generator. The generator is moved by an oscillating mass, which was previously simulated in a model, so that in this generator model, the kinetic energy is optimally transformed into electrical energy. Additionally, an ultra-low voltage power conditioning circuit, based on a step-up converter, was adapted to the BEH generator. The BEH generator and the power conditioning circuit were evaluated in a real test setup for arm and leg movements during walking and jogging with the BEH device worn on the wrist or ankle. An effective power of ∼11.3 mW was generated. This provides a constant voltage to charge a battery or supercapacitor.
Efficient photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting of MoS2/g-C3N4 n–n type heterojunction film
Authors: Ye Lijuan , Zhang Hong , Xiong Yuanqiang , Kong Chunyang , Li Honglin , Li Wanjun
Published: June 2021

The construction of heterojunctions has attracted considerable attention among the various strategies of water-splitting for hydrogen evolution due to their band structure advantages. In this research, we combined chemical vapor deposition and pulsed laser deposition to fabricate MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction films on indium-tin oxide glass substrates, and we studied the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. The x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscope characterizations suggested the successful preparation of MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction films. In particular, the shifts of the peak positions in the XPS spectra indicated the formation of a strong interaction between the g-C3N4 and MoS2 films. After depositing MoS2 on the g-C3N4 film, the visible-light absorption was enhanced and broadened, the electrical conductivity improved, and the intensity of the photoluminescence peak decreased. As a result, the greater generation, faster transport, and lower recombination rate of electrons and holes caused the heterojunction films to show higher PEC performance. More importantly, the obtained MoS2/g-C3N4 film was confirmed to be an n–n type heterojunction and to have a typical type-II band structure, which could indeed suppress the recombination and promote the separation, transfer, and transport of photogenerated electron–holes. Finally, the obtained MoS2/g-C3N4 film successfully achieved the overall water-splitting and the H2 evolution rate when the visible-light radiation reached 252 µmol/h.
Drops in cells
Authors: Weber Christoph A. , Zechner Christoph
Published: June 2021

Liquid droplets act as microreactors. Can they also serve as a control mechanism for cellular biochemistry?
Significant impact of forcing uncertainty in a large ensemble of climate model simulations
Authors: Fyfe John C. , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Santer Benjamin D. , Cole Jason N. S. , Gillett Nathan P.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Climate models are the main tool used to make projections of future climate change to inform adaptation and mitigation decisions. Confidence in these projections rests in part on the models’ ability to reproduce historical climate variations. Here we use a Earth System Model to evaluate the role of external forcing uncertainty in simulations of past and future climate change. We demonstrate that apparently small differences in anthropogenic aerosol forcing applied in the models can have a significant impact on the resulting climate simulations, as can the neglect of preindustrial and future volcanic forcings. This points to the need to reduce forcing uncertainties and better quantify their impact on the physical climate system, carbon budgets, and the Paris accord temperature targets.
Cell-type–specific, multicolor labeling of endogenous proteins with split fluorescent protein tags in
Drosophila
Authors: Kamiyama Rie , Banzai Kota , Liu Peiwei , Marar Abhijit , Tamura Ryo , Jiang Fangchao , Fitch Miyuki A. , Xie Jin , Kamiyama Daichi
Published: June 2021

Significance

Split fluorescent protein (FP) systems have been used to endogenously tag proteins in human cells. However, there have been a limited number of studies to evaluate the potential of multicolor FP
11
tags in organisms. Here, we implement the approach for FP
11
tagging proteins in
Drosophila
. We show the use of this approach in creating protein trap lines using MiMIC insertions and enhancing signals through a tandem array of tags. While split GFP has been practical, the availability of a second split FP enables multicolor visualization. Through bioengineering, we develop variants and show two-color FP
11
tagging, revealing the differential distribution of proteins in synapses. This approach is advantageous to examine the endogenous localization patterns of multiple proteins in particular cell types.
Early Holocene greening of the Sahara requires Mediterranean winter rainfall
Authors: Cheddadi Rachid , Carré Matthieu , Nourelbait Majda , François Louis , Rhoujjati Ali , Manay Roger , Ochoa Diana , Schefuß Enno
Published: June 2021

Significance

Explaining the greening of the Sahara during the Holocene has been a challenge for decades. A strengthening of the African monsoon caused by increased summer insolation is usually cited to explain why the Sahara was vegetated from 14,000 to 5,000 y ago. Here, we provide a unique climate record of quantified winter, spring, and summer precipitation in Morocco over the past 18,500 y, and numeric simulations, which show that moisture contributions from the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean in winter, were as important as the expanded summer monsoon for the greening of the Sahara during the African humid period. The findings of this study will help to better understand and simulate climate variability over northern Africa.
“My language has an immense potential”
Authors: Ross Dolores
Published: June 2021

This article sets out to chart the success of the Dutch novelist, poet and travel writer Cees Nooteboom, who has achieved
literary fame in several countries of the world while recognition in his home country lagged behind. To analyse the reasons for the
conflicting images attributed to this cosmopolitan author, I will look behind the curtains of the transnational production and reception of
his writings, investigating his success in five central or semi-central languages (Heilbron
2010). The study of how this writer has succeeded in transcending the peripheral position of the Dutch language in the world literary
system will be carried out by combining the sociology of translation with reception studies and imagological considerations. Nooteboom
appears to be a peculiar case of image building: he is internationally represented as a Dutch and a European writer, but his lack of
Dutchness appears to have hindered his recognition in the Netherlands.
Effect of heat dissipation on solidification cracking behaviour of austenitic stainless steel during gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Lee Jae-Hyeong , Yamashita Shotaro , Ogura Tomo , Saida Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2021

During the U-type hot cracking test of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), the back side stainless steel was subjected to a continuous water flow (water-cooled GTAW) to prevent solidification cracking. The solidification cracking susceptibility was evaluated by electron backscatter diffraction and a finite element method. As the misorientation angle of the dendrite structure decreased due to the water-cooling process, the solid–liquid interface energy increased, making the liquation film unstable, and bridging occurred between the secondary dendrite arms. The increased heat dissipation resulted in the formation of highly ordered dendrites. Therefore, uniformity in the growth directions of columnar dendrites can be promoted. Furthermore, decreased critical coalescence undercooling reduced the residual liquation film stability and decreased stress concentration in the weld bead.
When opportunity backfires: exploring the implementation of urban climate governance alternatives in three major US cities
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen
Published: June 2021

Around the world, cities have committed themselves to urban climate action strategies with targets that go beyond those of their national governments. To implement their strategies, cities have embraced a range of alternative governance instruments and approaches (‘governance alternatives’). While they have long been lauded by academics, policymakers, and practitioners for doing so, these ‘frontrunner’ cities are now being seen to struggle to achieve their ambitious targets when using governance alternatives. This article seeks to unpack and better understand this struggle by zooming in on the progress made in reducing (non-renewable) energy consumption in the built environment of three major cities in the United States (Chicago, New York, and San Francisco) over the last decade. Informed by interviews and supplementary data, the article uncovers a pattern across these three cities. In the early 2000s, they all set ambitious urban climate change targets, but lacked the power and capacity to achieve these. They all used a largely uncoordinated ‘scattergun approach’, embracing a broad set of (at best) modestly ambitious and (regularly) opportunistic governance alternatives to achieve the aims of their ambitious strategies. Whilst this approach allowed the cities to obtain quick initial results, the resulting fragmented configuration of traditional and alternative governance instruments and approaches now hinders them from meeting their targets.
Dark energy as a critical phenomenon: a hint from Hubble tension
Authors: Banihashemi Abdolali , Khosravi Nima , Shafieloo Arman
Published: June 2021

We propose a dark energy model based on the physics of
critical phenomena which is consistent with both the Planck's CMB
and the Riess et al.'s local Hubble measurements. In this model the
dark energy density behaves like the order parameter of a generic
system which undergoes a phase transition. This means the dark
energy is an emergent phenomenon and we named it critically emergent
dark energy model, CEDE. In CEDE, dark energy emerges at a
transition redshift, zc
, corresponding to the critical
temperature in critical phenomena. Combining the Planck CMB data and
local measurement of the Hubble constant from Riess et al. (2019) we
find statistically significant support for this transition with
respect to the case of very early transition that represents
effectively the cosmological constant. This is understandable since
CEDE model naturally prefers larger values of Hubble constant
consistent with local measurements. Since CEDE prefers a non-trivial
transition when we consider both high redshift Planck CMB data and
local Hubble constant measurements, we conclude that H
0 tension
may be a hint for the substructure of the dark energy as a
well-studied properties of critical phenomena. However if we add BAO
and SNe datasets then CEDE prefers lower value for H
0. This means
the H
0 tension still exist but it is milder than ΛCDM's.
On primordial black holes from rapid turns in two-field models
Authors: Anguelova Lilia
Published: June 2021

We study rapid-turn trajectories in a class of two-field cosmological models, whose scalar manifold is the Poincaré disk. Background solutions in multi-field inflation, with field-space trajectories exhibiting sharp turns, can seed primordial black hole (PBH) formation. We investigate a class of exact solutions with hidden symmetry and show that they exhibit the kind of transient rapid-turn period, needed to induce PBH generation. Furthermore, we relax the symmetry condition and find, in a certain regime, modified solutions with improved behavior of the Hubble η-parameter, which preserve the desired shape of the turning rate function. Interestingly, the modified solutions describe a brief ultra-slow roll phase, followed by long-term slow roll inflation. It is notable that slow roll occurs near the center (not near the boundary) of the Poincaré disk, unlike in the standard α-attractor case.
Comparing multi-field primordial feature models with the Planck data
Authors: Braglia Matteo , Chen Xingang , Hazra Dhiraj Kumar
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we use a complete model of classical primordial standard clocks as an example to develop a methodology of directly comparing numerical predictions from complicated multi-field feature models with the Planck data, including the Planck 2018 Plik unbinned likelihood and the statistically most powerful CamSpec 2020 likelihood for temperature and polarization data. As this two-field inflationary model offers a plethora of primordial feature spectra that represent combinations of sharp and resonant feature signals non-trivially distributed over extended cosmological scales, its data comparison has not been satisfactorily addressed by previous attempts using analytical templates. The method of this paper, consisting of numerical prediction, effective parameter construction and nested sampling data comparison, allows us to efficiently explore every possible spectra from the model. We classify the resulting feature candidates in three different frequency ranges. We use the Bayesian evidences to assess the statistical significance of the candidates over the baseline model, taking into account the effect of additional parameters and the look-elsewhere effect.
Although none of the candidates is statistically significant, the methodology of this paper can be used to facilitate the future model-building and data-screening process of primordial features, and the candidates can be subjected to further tests with data from the upcoming cosmic microwave background polarization observations and galaxy surveys.
Dark matter, Z′, and vector-like quark at the LHC and b → sμμ anomaly *
Authors: Chao Wei , Wang Hong-Xin , Wang Lei , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2021

Combining the

anomaly and dark matter observables, we study the capability of the LHC to test dark matter,

, and a vector-like quark. We focus on a local

model with a vector-like

doublet quark Q and a complex singlet scalar whose lightest component

is a candidate of dark matter. After imposing relevant constraints, we find that the

anomaly and the relic abundance of dark matter favor

GeV and

GeV for

2 TeV and

2 TeV (the heavy partner of

). Current searches for jets and missing transverse momentum at the LHC sizably reduce the mass ranges of the vector-like quark, and

is required to be larger than 1.7 TeV. Finally, we discuss the possibility of probing these new particles at the high luminosity LHC via the QCD process

followed by

,

, and then

. Taking a benchmark point of

= 1.93 TeV,

GeV, and

145 GeV, we perform a detailed Monte Carlo simulation and find that this benchmark point can be accessed at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb

.