bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Tumor Response by FLT/MicroPET Imaging in a C26 Murine Colon Carcinoma Solid Tumor Animal Model
Authors: Lee Wan-Chi , Chang Chih-Hsien , Ho Chung-Li , Chen Liang-Cheng , Wu Yu-Hsien , Chen Jenn-Tzong , Wang Ying-Ling , Lee Te-Wei
Published: August 2011

Fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging demonstrated the change of glucose consumption of tumor cells, but problems with specificity and difficulties in early detection of tumor response to chemotherapy have led to the development of new PET tracers. Fluorine‐18‐fluorothymidine ( 18F‐FLT) images cellular proliferation by entering the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. In this study, we evaluate the early response of colon carcinoma to the chemotherapeutic drug, lipo‐Dox, in C26 murine colorectal carcinoma‐bearing mice by  18F‐FDG and  18F‐FLT. The male BALB/c mice were bilaterally inoculated with 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 C26 tumor cells per flank. Mice were intravenously treated with 10 mg/kg lipo‐Dox at day 8 after  18F‐FDG and  18F‐FLT imaging. The biodistribution of  18F‐FDG and  18F‐FLT were followed by the microPET imaging at day 9. For the quantitative measurement of microPET imaging at day 9,  18F‐FLT was superior to
 18F‐FDG for early detection of tumor response to Lipo‐DOX at various tumor sizes (P < 0.05). The data of biodistribution showed similar results with those from the quantification of SUV (standard uptake value) by microPET imaging. The study indicates that  18F‐FLT/microPET is a useful imaging modality for early detection of chemotherapy in the colorectal mouse model.
Unraveling the Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Biological and Therapeutic Perspective
Authors: Pal Sumanta Kumar , Figlin Robert A.
Published: August 2011

The genetic control of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) has long been associated with the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Only recently have the complex genetics and biology of relevant HIF subtypes been unraveled, leading to potential novel strategies for treating this disease. Cancer Discovery; 1(3); 198–9. © 2011 AACR.

Commentary on Shen et al., p. 222.
A Shining Light in the Darkness for the Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Capdevila Jaume , Tabernero Josep
Published: August 2011

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms; past decades have seen limited research channeled into this area. Recently, 2 placebo-controlled phase III trials using 2 drugs—everolimus and sunitinib—with distinct molecular rationales achieved their principal objective of increasing survival in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). Nonetheless, several questions remain unanswered, notably defining the optimal schedule for integrating these targeted agents with conventional cytotoxics and other treatment options, and identifying appropriate biomarkers for patients with the potential to derive greater benefit. In this article, we analyze the results of the 2 largest studies ever completed in patients with PNETs and discuss the challenges for future drug development in this setting.

Summary: Sunitinib and everolimus will become new treatment options for patients with PNETs and will be integrated into the complex therapeutic management of this disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence-based data of these drugs as well as the molecular-based science in this setting that will lay the groundwork for future studies. Cancer Discovery; 1(3); 213–21. © 2011 AACR.
Clofibrate Relaxes the Longitudinal Smooth Muscle of the Mouse Distal Colon through Calcium-Mediated Desensitisation of Contractile Machinery
Authors: Azuma Yasu-Taka , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Morioka Ai , Nakajima Hidemitsu , Takeuchi Tadayoshi
Published: August 2011

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that exerts strong effects on metabolic pathways. Our aim was to elucidate the effect of clofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, on the longitudinal muscle of the mouse distal colon. We initially found that clofibrate induced a relaxation response in this muscle. Notably, the PPAR-α antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 did not attenuate this clofibrate-induced relaxation. The structurally related PPAR-α agonists fenofibrate and bezafibrate induced relaxation in the distal colon as effectively as clofibrate. In contrast, wy-14643, which activates PPAR-α more selectively than clofibrate, had no effect. Furthermore, clofibrate-induced relaxation was not affected by N-nitro-L-arginine, an NO synthase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3- a]quinoxaline-1-one, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, or H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. Tetrodotoxin, an Na+ channel blocker, and glibenclamide, apamin, charybdotoxin and XE991, various K+ channel blockers, had no effect on clofibrate-induced relaxation. Importantly, clofibrate induced a relaxation response that was not accompanied by any alteration in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in the longitudinal muscle of the mouse distal colon. Moreover, calyculin A, a myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) inhibitor, attenuated clofibrate-induced relaxation. Our findings indicate that clofibrate relaxes the longitudinal smooth muscle of the mouse distal colon by regulating MLCP activity.
Fluorofenidone Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy and Kidney Fibrosis in db/db Mice
Authors: Wang Ling Hao , Liu Ji Shi , Ning Wang Bin , Yuan Qiong Jing , Zhang Fang Fang , Peng Zhang Zhe , Lu Miao Miao , Luo Ren Na , Fu Xiao , Hu Gao Yun , Wang Zhao He , Tao Li Jian
Published: August 2011

Background/Aims: Fluorofenidone [1-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-(1H)-pyridone, AKF-PD], a novel pyridone agent, showed potent antifibrotic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AKF-PD on diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis, and to obtain an insight into its mechanisms of action. Methods: We administered AKF-PD to diabetic db/db mice for 12 weeks. Moreover, we performed in vitro cultures using murine mesangial cells exposed to high ambient glucose concentrations. Results: AKF-PD reduced renal hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion and albuminuria in the db/db mice. The upregulated expression of α1(I)- and α1(IV)-collagen and fibronectin mRNAs, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) mRNAs and proteins was inhibited by AKF-PD treatment in the renal cortex of db/db mice. The maximal effective dose of AKF-PD was about 500 mg/kg body weight. AKF-PD inhibited the upregulated expression of α1(I)- and α1(IV)-collagens, TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and α-SMA induced by high glucose concentrations in cultured mesangial cells. Conclusions: Our data indicate that AKF-PD diminishes the abnormal accumulation of mesangial matrix through the inhibition of upregulated expression of TGF-β target genes in kidneys of db/db mice, resulting in attenuation of renal fibrosis and amelioration of renal dysfunction despite persistent hyperglycemia. Therefore, AKF-PD, a potent antifibrotic agent, holds great promise in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Estrogen Receptor GPR30 Reduces Oxidative Stress and Proteinuria in the Salt-Sensitive Female mRen2.Lewis Rat
Authors: Lindsey Sarah H. , Yamaleyeva Liliya M. , Brosnihan K. Bridget , Gallagher Patricia E. , Chappell Mark C.
Published: August 2011

The current study assessed whether activation of the novel estrogen receptor GPR30 ameliorates salt-dependent renal damage in intact mRen2.Lewis (mRen2) females. Hemizygous mRen2 rats were maintained on either a normal salt (0.5% Na) or high-salt (HS; 4.0% Na) diet for 10 weeks (5 to 15 weeks of age), and HS animals were treated with the GPR30 agonist G-1 or vehicle for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure markedly increased with HS diet (149±3 to 219±5 mm Hg;
P
<0.01), but G-1 did not influence pressure (
P
=0.42). G-1 and estradiol induced relaxation of preconstricted mesenteric vessels from normal salt mRen2 rats, but both responses were attenuated in the HS group. Despite the lack of an effect on blood pressure, G-1 decreased renal hypertrophy, proteinuria, urinary 8-isoprostane excretion, and tubular 4-hydroxynonenal staining. HS diet significantly increased GPR30 mRNA (1.01±0.04 versus 1.59±0.13;
P
<0.01) and protein (0.60±0.31 versus 3.99±0.75;
P
<0.01) in the renal cortex. GPR30 was highly expressed in the brush border of proximal tubules and colocalized with megalin. Finally, megalin expression was reduced by HS diet and restored with G-1. We conclude that GPR30-mediated beneficial effects in salt-sensitive mRen2 females occurred independent of changes in systolic blood pressure. The failure of G-1 to influence pressure may reflect a salt-induced impairment in GPR30-mediated vasorelaxation. The renoprotective actions of GPR30 may involve attenuation of tubular oxidative stress and activation of megalin-mediated protein reabsorption.
“This Lovely Land Is Mine”: Milk and Honey's Restorative Nostalgia for Israel
Authors: Hillman Jessica
Published: August 2011

When Milk and Honey opened on Broadway in 1961, it presented a unique setting: the relatively new state of Israel. The musical superficially glorifies the future of an exciting new land. More deeply, we find “restorative nostalgia” for Israel's biblical roots, stemming from sublimated grief and disavowal of the Holocaust.
Enough Already!: It's Deborah Kass's Turn to Take the Stage
Authors: Zaytoun Constance
Published: August 2011

Contemporary painter Deborah Kass appropriates the forms of post-war masters such as Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, and Frank Stella in her work, but her subject choices are often conscious manifestations of her nostalgic identifications with middlebrow Jewish artists and Broadway musicals. Her radical take on nostalgia draws from lyrics, idiomatic sayings, and iconic Jewish figures to promote a progressive rather than conservative agenda. Kass's performative interventions insert her feminist-Jewish-lesbian self squarely at the center of visual culture's frame and on the stage of art's history.
Fiber-reinforced concrete incorporating locally available natural fibers in normal- and high-strength concrete and a performance analysis with steel fiber-reinforced composite concrete
Authors: Islam Syed Mazharul , Hussain Raja Rizwan , Morshed Md. Abu Zakir
Published: August 2011

This study provides an experimental investigation on the properties of fiber-reinforced composite concrete consisting of natural fibers (coconut coir) and rounded, straight steel fibers in a comparative manner for both normal-strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). This investigation was carried out using several tests, which included workability test, compressive strength test, indirect tensile strength test, and flexural strength test. A total of 10 mix batches of NSC and HSC containing 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% fiber volume dosage rates on coir and steel fibers were tested to determine the enhancement of mechanical properties of composite concrete. In both NSC and HSC, the workability of concrete significantly reduced as the fiber dosage rate increased. In NSC, the compressive strength test indicated that strength decreases compared to plain concrete for both types of fiber. In HSC, compressive strength decreases compared to plain concrete for coir fiber and also decreases with increasing fiber volume dosage rate and increases for steel fiber with increasing fiber volume dosage rate. In NSC, split tensile test showed that tensile strength decreased for 0.5% coir and increased for 0.5% steel compared to plain concrete. But in HSC, strength increases for 0.5% coir compared to 0.5% steel and plain concrete. In NSC, flexural strength and flexural toughness of composite concrete increased in both types of fiber. But in case of concrete with coir fiber, flexural strength for 0.5% and 1% fiber volume dosages is same and increases for steel fiber. In HSC, increase of flexural strength for 0.5% coir compared to plain concrete was observed. Flexural strength also decreases with increase of fiber volume dosage for both types of fiber. In post-cracking stage, the fibers were fully utilized when it increases the ductility and toughness of both types of concrete. This research has shown that 0.5% and 1.0% coir fibers give improved performance in flexural strength of NSC, and 0.5% coir fiber gives improved performance in flexural and tensile strengths of HSC. Also, addition of coir fibers in both types of concrete increases the ductility and toughness of concrete, whereas reduction of workability of fresh concrete and compressive strength of hardened concrete occurs using coir fibers in both types of composite concrete.
Optical, structural and thermal characterization of gold nanoparticles – poly(vinylalcohol) composite films
Authors: Vodnik Vesna V , Abazović Nadica D , Stojanović Zoran A , Marinović-Cincović Milena , Mitrić Miodrag , Čomor Mirjana I
Published: August 2011

We report synthesis and characterization of gold NPs/PVA composite films. Gold colloidal NPs were introduced into a PVA matrix by simple solution-casting method to obtain homogenous, transparent, and colored films. NPs and NC films with different contents of inorganic phase (0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 wt %) were characterized by UV/Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. Dimensions of the colloidal NPs were obtained by TEM (d ∼ 15±3 nm) and compared with results obtained by AFM of NC films. Comparison of thermal properties of the pure PVA and NC films showed that thermal stability is slightly reduced. DSC measurements revealed that Tg and melting temperatures of NCs are higher compared to pure PVA films.
Information quality assessment of community generated content: A user study of Wikipedia
Authors: Yaari Eti , Baruchson-Arbib Shifra , Bar-Ilan Judit
Published: August 2011

This study examines the ways in which information consumers evaluate the quality of content in a collaborative-writing environment, in this case Wikipedia. Sixty-four users were asked to assess the quality of five articles from the Hebrew Wikipedia, to indicate the highest- and lowest-quality article of the five and explain their choices. Participants viewed both the article page, and the article’s history page, so that their decision was based both on the article’s current content and on its development. The analysis shows that the attributes that most frequently assisted the users in deciding about the quality of the items were not unique to Wikipedia: attributes such as amount of information, satisfaction with content and external links were mentioned frequently, as with other information quality studies on the web. The findings also support the claim that quality is a subjective concept which depends on the user’s unique point of view. Attributes such as number of edits and number of unique editors received two contradictory meanings – both few edits/editors and many edits/editors were mentioned as attributes of high-quality articles.
Qualitative research in evidence-based medicine: Improving decision-making and participation in randomized controlled trials of cancer treatments
Authors: Audrey Suzanne
Published: August 2011

Background: Since the 1990s there has been increasing emphasis on ‘evidence-based medicine’. The randomized controlled trial is widely regarded as the ‘gold-standard’ study design for evaluating interventions. However, placing too strong an emphasis on a phase III trial, to the neglect of earlier development and piloting work, may result in weaker interventions that are more difficult to evaluate and less likely to be implemented.

Aim: To illustrate the benefits and outcomes of qualitative research at the early stages of the research continuum.

Setting/Participants: Two cancer studies are evaluated in which the best treatment option is uncertain: ASPECTS (A Study of Patients ExperienCes of TreatmentS) and ProtecT (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment).

Design: To examine decision-making in relation to palliative chemotherapy for advanced cancer, ASPECTS was a qualitative study involving non-participant observation and recording of oncology consultations. During the ProtecT feasibility study, recruitment interviews were routinely audiotaped and in-depth interviews conducted with men to explore their understanding of treatment options and randomization to trial arms.

Results: ASPECTS identified that insufficient information was given to patients about the survival benefits of palliative chemotherapy with implications for informed consent. ProtecT illustrated the effective use of qualitative research methods to resolve recruitment and randomization problems for a randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions: These studies illustrate the value of qualitative research, particularly during the earlier phases of the research continuum. Such research may generate hypotheses, strengthen the development and implementation of interventions and enhance their evaluation: all of which are essential to evidence-based medicine.
Automatic transportation of biological cells with a robot-tweezer manipulation system
Authors: Hu Songyu , Sun Dong
Published: August 2011

The positioning of biological cells has become increasingly important in biomedical research such as drug discovery, cell-to-cell interaction, and tissue engineering. Significant demand for both accuracy and productivity in cell manipulation highlights the need for automated cell transportation with integrated robotics and micro/nano-manipulation technologies. Optical tweezers, which use highly focused low-power laser beams to trap and manipulate particles at the micro/nanoscale, can be treated as special robot ‘end-effectors’ to manipulate biological objects in a noninvasive way. In this paper, we propose to use a robot-tweezer manipulation system for automatic transportation of biological cells. A dynamics equation of the cell in an optical trap is analyzed. Closed-loop controllers are designed for positioning single cells as well as multiple cells. A synchronization control technology is utilized for multicell transportation with maintained cell pattern. Experiments are performed on transporting live cells to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Tonal language background and detecting pitch contour in spoken and musical items
Authors: Stevens Catherine J. , Keller Peter E. , Tyler Michael D.
Published: August 2011

An experiment investigated the effect of tonal language background on discrimination of pitch contour in short spoken and musical items. It was hypothesized that extensive exposure to a tonal language attunes perception of pitch contour. Accuracy and reaction times of adult participants from tonal (Thai) and non-tonal (Australian English) language backgrounds were recorded as they discriminated intact and low-pass filtered Thai and English items that differed in rising/falling contour (speech task), and musical items that differed in rising/falling contour, major/minor interval, and contour plus interval features (music task). As hypothesized, the tonal language group was significantly faster and more accurate at discriminating intact speech items on the basis of pitch contour. The tonal language group was also significantly faster in response to musical contour and intervals, although accuracy was equivalent across language groups. The results provide some support for the contention that a tonal language environment fosters perceptual attunement to contour in spoken items and this can generalize to relatively fast responding to contour in a more musical setting.
Treating the Family Matrix in the Group: The Concept of Nos
Authors: Ormay Tom
Published: August 2011

The classical structural theory of the personality is made up of id, ego and superego. Foulkes took it into group analysis, even though it presents a self-centred person who relates out of self-interest. In the 1960s and 1970s biology demonstrated the social instinct. We are in a position to posit a social part of the personality, which I have called ‘nos’ that develops out of the social instinct, as Freud deduced the ego out of Darwinian self-centred instinct. The new structural theory is made up of id, ego, and nos. We have arrived at a consistent theoretical frame of a genuinely social person. This brings psychoanalysis and group analysis closer to each other, and posits group analysis as the fundamental method for helping people. With the help of nos we can separate the person from the family background, and trace back much of what seems to be a personal problem, to the childhood family.
Tracing Discursive Resources: How Students Use Prior Genre Knowledge to Negotiate New Writing Contexts in First-Year Composition
Authors: Reiff Mary Jo , Bawarshi Anis
Published: August 2011

While longitudinal research within the field of writing studies has contributed to our understanding of postsecondary students’ writing development, there has been less attention given to the discursive resources students bring with them into writing classrooms and how they make use of these resources in first-year composition courses. This article reports findings from a cross-institutional research study that examines how students access and make use of prior genre knowledge when they encounter new writing tasks in first-year composition courses. Findings reveal a range of ways student make use of prior genre knowledge, with some students breaking down their genre knowledge into useful strategies and repurposing it, and with others maintaining known genres regardless of task.
Probable Quetiapine-Mediated Prolongation of the QT Interval
Authors: Aghaienia Nasim , Brahm Nancy C. , Lussier Kyla M. , Washington Nicole B.
Published: August 2011

Purpose: QT prolongation can occur with both first- (FGA) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGA). QT prolongation was identified in an adult patient who presented to the emergency room with schizophrenia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and pneumonia. Quetiapine, an SGA, was a component of the pharmacotherapy regimen. Based on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale rating criteria, a probable causal association was made. Methods: PubMed and Ovid were searched using the terms antipsychotic, psychotropic, QT interval, corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation, and quetiapine. References were examined for additional articles related to antipsychotic drugs and the QT interval. Discussion: In this patient, the use of quetiapine was identified as a contributing factor in QT prolongation. Prior QT prolongation was experienced with ziprasidone, another SGA. The antidepressant and dose remained consistent throughout the inpatient course of treatment. Other risk factors in this patient included hypokalemia, dehydration, pneumonia, age, gender, and concurrent usage of an antidepressant. Dual psychiatric diagnoses, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and electrolyte disturbances may increase this risk potential. Conclusion: Psychiatric patients may be more at risk of cardiovascular complications, such as QT interval prolongation. The pharmacist can help evaluate risk factors and provide input into the care of all patients, particularly those identified as at risk.
Factors Affecting Warfarin-Related Knowledge and INR Control of Patients Attending Physician- and Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Clinics
Authors: Hasan Syed S. , Shamala R. , Syed Imran A. , Basariah N. , Chong David W. K. , Mei Teh K. , Chin Ong H.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To assess the anticoagulation knowledge and international normalized ratio (INR) control among patients on warfarin. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 156 randomly sampled patients from physician- (non-medication therapy adherence clinic [non-MTAC]) and pharmacist (MTAC)-run anticoagulation clinics using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Patients' INR readings from 2008 to 2010 were recorded. Results: Patients on warfarin scored an average of 66.5% ± 36.0% for their knowledge on how warfarin works, 42.9% ± 44.9% for interaction between warfarin and alcohol, and 49.2% ± 21.1% for adverse effects. No significant differences were found between MTAC and non-MTAC patients on their knowledge. There was a negative correlation between patients' knowledge and age ( P = .001, rs = −.293) and a positive correlation between patients' knowledge and education level ( P = .001, rs = .365). MTAC patients were found to have better INR control than non-MTAC when compared for mean percentage days in range (63.4% ± 18.9% vs 52.5% ± 18.2%; P = .006) and mean percentage visits in range (58.8% ± 17.9% vs 46.8% ± 18.6%; P = .001). Conclusions: MTAC patients were found to have better INR control compared to non-MTAC patients. A joint cooperation between physicians, pharmacists, and nurses should exist to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes.
Development of a Comprehensive Community Pharmacy Patient Intake Form Compliant With OBRA’90 Requirements
Authors: Borja-Hart Nancy L. , Maniscalco-Feichtl Maria
Published: August 2011

Objective: To identify whether community pharmacies are collecting the minimum patient information mandated by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA’90), and to create an intake form that meets and exceeds these requirements. Methods: Chain, mass merchandiser, supermarket, and wholesale pharmacies located within the state of Florida were eligible for selection. Only 1 pharmacy was selected from each company. The research assistant asked the pharmacy employee to describe all information requested from a patient who is bringing in a prescription for the first time and/ or provide a blank copy of their existing patient intake form. Patient intake information forms were collected between July 2008 and February 2009. Results: Of the 10 pharmacies included in this study (3 supermarkets, 3 mass merchandisers, 2 wholesale pharmacies, and 2 chain pharmacies), 40% of the studied pharmacies collected information on patient medications. All pharmacies collected at least 6 information requirements. Only 1 pharmacy was compliant with OBRA’90 requirements evaluated. Conclusion: By obtaining this information providers are in a better position to assist with avoiding medication errors and to help with the medical reconciliation process in health systems.
Why Urban Poor Donate
Authors: Bennett Roger
Published: August 2011

This article presents the outcomes to a study of the charity donation behavior of 771 low-income people residing in three socially deprived Boroughs in inner-London. It emerged that several variables known to affect (a) levels of charity giving and (b) choices of types of charity supported among the U.K. public as a whole also influenced the donation behavior of the financially poor. In addition, it appeared that a participant’s sense of affinity with other low-income people and the degree to which the individual believed that the poor were unfairly treated by society at large exerted significant impacts on giving behavior. However behavior differed according to whether a low-income person was “better-educated” (i.e., possessed a qualification beyond the level normally obtained at the minimum legal school leaving age) or was less well-educated. The “very poor” did not donate a higher percentage of their incomes than the moderately poor.
Theoretical calculation of the maximum radial deformation of a cylindrical shell under explosive forming by a new energy approach
Authors: Hadavi V , Zamani Ashani J , Mozaffari A
Published: August 2011

Due to different influential parameters that affect an explosive forming process, this classic method of metal forming can potentially be considered as one the most complicated practical approaches to forming metallic shells and plates. Focusing on the importance of the energetic efficiency during an explosive forming procedure, the explosion phenomenon and relating formulation will be reviewed in this article. Furthermore, influential differences between air and water as the media of explosion and their effects on explosive forming process will be discussed. On the other hand, a new theory, called ‘the energy method’ that can be used for calculation of the maximum radial deflection of cylindrical shells under explosive loading will be introduced in this article. Besides, the selected results of hundreds of experiments that have been conducted on different tubular shells by the use of water and air as media of explosive forming process will be presented and the maximum transverse displacements of the shells that have been experimentally tested will then be compared to the results of the proposed energy method. Comparison between the maximum radial deformation of cylindrical specimens that were used in this research and theoretical results shows that the accuracy of the new theory is approximately 84%.
Seeing or hearing the pianists? A synopsis of an early audiovisual perception experiment and a replication
Authors: Behne Klaus-Ernst , Wöllner Clemens
Published: August 2011

The visual impact of musicians’ body movements has increasingly attracted research interest over the past twenty years. This article gives an overview of the main findings of this research and introduces and replicates one of the first experiments on visual information in music performance evaluations. In Behne’s study (originally published in German in 1990), a pianist was video-recorded performing compositions by Brahms and Chopin. Using an audiovisual manipulation paradigm, further pianists acted as doubles and pretended to perform the music to the soundtrack of the first pianist. Different groups of ninety-three musicians and non-musicians rated audiovisual presentations of the videos. Only one participant in the whole series of experiments supposed that the musical soundtrack was similar across different performers. Even musically trained participants strongly believed that they perceived differences between performances. Further findings suggest gender effects, such that male interpretations were perceived to be more precise and female interpretations to be more dramatic. The replication generally confirmed the results for a present-day audience. Potential consequences for music evaluations and theories of audiovisual music perception are discussed.
Psychometric and Clinical Assessment of the 13-Item Reduced Version of the Fatigue Scale–Adolescent Instrument
Authors: Mandrell Belinda N. , Yang Jie , Hooke Mary C. , Wang Chong , Gattuso Jami S. , Hockenberry Marilyn , Jones Heather , Zupanec Sue , Hinds Pamela S.
Published: August 2011

Fatigue is one of the most common and distressing symptoms experienced by adolescents during and after treatment for cancer. The lack of reliable and valid instruments has prevented an accurate assessment of the trajectory of fatigue among adolescent oncology patients. The purposes of this study were to identify the items on the Fatigue Scale–Adolescent (FS-A) that distinguished adolescents with high fatigue and to identify the most sensitive and specific score (“cut score”) in order to identify those in need of a fatigue intervention. Rasch methods were used to identify FS-A items that distinguished adolescents with high cancer-related fatigue, and results indicated that the 14-item FS-A could be reduced to 13 items. The 13-item FS-A was assessed for its psychometric properties, with application of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis to the responses from 75 adolescents. The internal consistency coefficient was .87, and a 4-factor confirmatory analysis achieved good fit coefficients. The identified cut score was 31, with 66.6% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity; 16 (21.33%) of the patients scored 31 or higher. The 13-item FS-A has acceptable psychometric properties and is able to identify adolescent oncology patients with high fatigue.
Parental Follow-Through of Neuropsychological Recommendations for Childhood-Cancer Survivors
Authors: Quillen Joanne , Crawford Emily , Plummer Barbara , Bradley Holli , Glidden Rochelle
Published: August 2011

In the past 40 years, outcomes for children with cancer have changed considerably. The survival rate has increased to approximately 80%. With success and survival come detriments that often occur over time called late effects of cancer treatment. When the central nervous system is treated with radiation or chemotherapy, we often see impairment to the senses, cognition, and learning. For children who receive central nervous system treatment, follow-up with a neuropsychological evaluation is an excellent tool to evaluate learning and behavior in relationship to a child’s brain. The authors’ research examined neuropsychological evaluations for common themes related to diagnosis, age, sex, and/or treatment received, and the authors investigated whether the families implemented recommendations suggested in the neuropsychological evaluation. Less than 50% of recommendations from evaluations were implemented. The authors found that families need ongoing support and knowledge to implement the neuropsychological testing recommendations. Families need assistance navigating the school system and advocating for their child’s needs. Continued surveillance of the child’s academic needs by both the psychology and oncology teams is essential for long-term success.
Development of a Patient Needs Assessment Model for Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Authors: Sully Jennie-Laure , Baltzan Marcel A. , Wolkove Norman , Demers Louise
Published: August 2011

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are often referred to pulmonary rehabilitation programs to manage their symptoms and the consequences of the disease on their lives. Finding ways to target programs to a specific patient’s needs could help improve individual response to the program. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model for the assessment of patients’ rehabilitation needs by using a grounded theory approach. Focus groups, consultations of medical charts, and a literature review helped us develop a conceptual model characterized by the following categories: need recognition, knowledge, motivation, expectations, goals, ability to fulfill needs, and the ability for personal adjustment. Based on a content matrix reflecting the conceptual model and disease consequences, items to be included in a prototype instrument were formulated and a preliminary validation phase was conducted.
Preservice Music Teachers’ Perceptions of a Mentored Research Experience
Authors: Kruse Nathan B. , Taylor Donald M.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this descriptive case study was to examine three preservice teachers’ views of their participation in a mentored research study. Specific objectives included examining students’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges surrounding their involvement as research assistants, the impact of conducting research on teacher identity, and the potential for enhanced interactions with future students. Data collection included observations, participant reflections, e-journals, immersion, and a focus group interview. Apart from experiencing frustration related to time management, participants reported improved listening skills, a broadened perspective on teaching and on life, and recognition of positive interactions with students. The participants also were eager to cultivate a nurturing environment in their own classrooms but were unable to consistently transfer their experiences to specific teaching goals and behaviors. Implications included investigating ways in which preservice music teachers might experience suitable and relevant research opportunities during socialization activities in undergraduate curricula.
Targeted therapy for NSCLC: ALK inhibition
Authors: Pearson Rachel , Kolesar Jill M
Published: August 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to describe the emerging data of ALK receptor tyrosine kinaase inhibitors in ALK mutation positive NSCLC.

Summary: ALK mutations have been identified in approximately 2.4–13% of patients with NSCLC, occurring more frequently in adenocarcinomas and never and light smokers. Crizotinib is an oral ATP-competitive selective inhibitor of the ALK and MET tyrosine kinases that inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of activated ALK at nanomolar concentrations. A phase II study demonstrated an overall response rate of 57% (95% CI, 46 to 68), with the most common toxicity grade I fatigue and visual disturbances. Elevations in lever function tests were also reported.

Conclusion: The ALK receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib may be an effective therapy in ALK mutated NSCLC and is currently being compared to standard chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Improving the Predictive Accuracy of Static-99 and Static-2002 With Older Sex Offenders
Authors: Helmus Leslie , Thornton David , Hanson R. Karl , Babchishin Kelly M.
Published: August 2011

Actuarial risk assessment scales and their associated recidivism estimates are generally developed on samples of offenders whose average age is well below 50 years. Criminal behavior of all types declines with age; consequently, actuarial scales tend to overestimate recidivism for older offenders. The current study aimed to develop a revised scoring system for two risk assessment tools (Static-99 and Static-2002) that would more accurately describe older offenders’ risk of recidivism. Using data from 8,390 sex offenders derived from 24 separate samples, age was found to add incremental predictive validity to both Static-99 and Static-2002. After creating new age weights, the resulting instruments (Static-99R and Static-2002R) had only slightly higher relative predictive accuracy. The absolute recidivism estimates, however, provided a substantially better fit for older offenders than the recidivism estimates from the original scales. We encourage evaluators to adopt the revised scales with the new age weights.
Regulating girlhood: Evaluative language, discourses of gender socialization and relational aggression
Authors: García-Gómez Antonio
Published: August 2011

Placing the discursive psychological analysis of sexuality at its centre, this article considers a number of overlapping fields of linguistics: women’s language, construction of gender identities and language and sexuality. By encompassing these fields, in spite of potential differences in terms of theoretical stance and foci of analysis, the present study suggests a wider stance in the analysis of language, gender and sexuality. The study considers two important post-structuralist concepts: performativity and heteronormativity. More precisely, the analysis shows how the sexual identities of British heterosexual female teenagers are discursively constructed and regulated via language use when aggressively relating to other girls in Facebook. The analysis is based on the assumption that sexuality is but one aspect of identity. Although on the surface these British teenagers’ constructions present masculine ‘negative’ mean girls, a closer analysis reveals that more subversive and challenging interpretations can be applied.
What matters to women in science? Gender, power and bureaucracy
Authors: Linková Marcela , Červinková Alice
Published: August 2011

This text is about women and science although it does not specifically or directly examine the position and experience of practising scientists who carry out experiments, publish and are otherwise engaged in academic traffic. Building on John Law’s modes of mattering (2004), the authors explore the enactments of ‘women and science’ in various locations where gender and feminist approaches, science policies and support activities for women in science meet in the European context. By exploring some of these ‘trading zones’ (Galison, 1999), the authors offer some suggestions on power and marginalization in the flagship of European research, the European Research Area. By introducing the notion of a mode of ‘retrenchment’, they argue that while gender equality has been co-opted into European science policy, an enactment with a feminist potential that emerged at the beginning of the new millennium has been gradually displaced by one building on an economic perspective of utility, resources and waste.
Identity, memory and cosmopolitanism: The otherness of the past and a right to memory?
Authors: Reading Anna
Published: August 2011

Implicated within the relationship between memory and identities at the local, national and international levels is the question of whether there is ‘right to memory’: the human right to have the otherness of the past acknowledged through the creation of symbolic and cultural acts, utterances and expressions. This article outlines the rationale for a right to memory and why the debate is of importance to memory and cultural studies. It outlines some of the relationships understood between memory and identity within memory studies, suggesting that a right to memory requires an understanding of the complex dynamics of memory and identities not only within, but internationally across, borders. It extends the concept of political cosmopolitanism to use as an analytical framework to enable an analysis of current international protocols, showing how they formulate the discursive relationship between identity and memory in four ways that involve a number of contradictions and unresolved tensions.
Fibrin(ogen) may be an important target for methylglyoxal-derived AGE modification in elastic arteries of humans
Authors: Lund Terje , Svindland Aud , Pepaj Milaim , Jensen Aase-Brith , Berg Jens P , Kilhovd Bente , Hanssen Kristian F
Published: August 2011

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are considered to be a major pathogenic factor for diabetic vascular complications. The levels of AGEs are increased in diabetic patients. We have studied the presence of the major AGE methylglyoxal (MGO)-derived hydroimidazolone in human aorta and carotid arteries, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting and mass spectrometry. By IHC, MGO-derived modifications were detected mainly associated with cells in intimal thickenings and cells in microvessels in adventitia. In type V lesions MGO-derived AGE was also present, extracellular in the necrotic core and in cells at the border of the core. The highest degree of modification was probably associated with cell nuclei. By western blotting and mass spectrometry fibrin(ogen), the cytoskeleton-associated protein moesin and the nuclear proteins lamin A and C were identified as putative main targets for MGO-derived modification. LC-MS/MS studies of fibrin(ogen) modified in vitro with low concentrations of MGO identified the sites that were most prone to modification. These results indicate that AGE modifications occur preferentially on specific proteins. The modification of these proteins may play a role in vascular dysfunction and development of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Truncal Exercises Early After Stroke to Improve Balance and Mobility
Authors: Saeys Wim , Vereeck Luc , Truijen Steven , Lafosse Christophe , Wuyts Floris P. , Van de Heyning Paul
Published: August 2011

Background. Sitting balance and the ability to perform selective truncal movements are important predictors of functional outcome after stroke. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effect of truncal exercises. Objective. The authors assessed the effect of additional truncal exercises on truncal function, standing balance, and mobility. Methods. An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial was carried out at a stroke rehabilitation hospital. A total of 33 participants (mean 35 days post onset) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 18) or a control group (n = 15). In addition to conventional therapy, the experimental group received 16 hours of truncal exercises. The control group received 16 hours of sham treatment. Truncal function was evaluated by the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and standing balance and mobility by the Tinetti Test. The Romberg with eyes open and eyes closed, Four Test Balance Scale (FTBS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Rivermead Motor Assessment Battery (RMAB), Functional Ambulation Categories, and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) were performed to elucidate the findings of the primary outcome measures. Results. A treatment effect was found for the experimental group on the TIS ( P < .001), Tinetti Test ( P < .001), FTBS ( P = .014), BBS ( P = .007), RMAB ( P < .001), and DGI ( P = .006). Conclusions. In addition to conventional therapy, truncal exercises have a beneficial effect on truncal function, standing balance, and mobility in people after stroke.
Transplanted Neurally Modified Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Tissue Protection and Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injured Rats
Authors: Alexanian Arshak R. , Fehlings Michael G. , Zhang Zhiying , Maiman Dennis J.
Published: August 2011

Background. Stem cell–based therapy for repair and replacement of lost neural cells is a promising treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Bone marrow (BM)–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into neural phenotypes and be isolated and expanded for autotransplantation with no risk of rejection. Objective. The authors examined whether transplanted neurally induced human MSCs (NI hMSCs), developed by a new procedure, can survive, differentiate, and promote tissue protection and functional recovery in injured spinal cord (ISC) rats. Methods. Neural induction was achieved by exposing cells simultaneously to inhibitors of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and pharmacological agents that increased cAMP levels. Three groups of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected immediately rostral and caudal to the midline lesion with phosphate-buffered saline, MSCs, or NI hMSCs, 1 week after a spinal cord impact injury at T-8. Functional outcome was measured using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and thermal sensitivity test on a weekly basis up to 12 weeks postinjury. Graft integration and anatomy of spinal cord was assessed by stereological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. Results. The transplanted NI hMSCs survived, differentiated, and significantly improved locomotor recovery of ISC rats. Transplantation also reduced the volume of lesion cavity and white matter loss. Conclusion. This method of hMSC modification may provide an alternative source of autologous adult stem cells for CNS repair.
Immunization with an anti-idiotypic antibody against the broadly lipopolysaccharide-reactive antibody WN1 222-5 induces Escherichia coli R3-core-type specific antibodies in rabbits
Authors: Brade Lore , Heine Holger , Raina Satish , Klein Gracjana , di Padova Franco , Brade Helmut , Müller-Loennies Sven
Published: August 2011

The mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) WN1 222-5 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope in the inner core region of LPS that is shared by all strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica and is able to neutralize their endotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo. Immunization of mice with mAb WN1 222-5 yielded several anti-idiotypic mAbs one of which (mAb S81-19) competitively inhibited binding of mAb WN1 222-5 to E. coli and Salmonella LPS. After immunization of rabbits with mAb S81-19, the serological responses towards LPS were characterized at intervals over two years. Whereas the serological response against the anti-idiotype developed as expected, the anti-anti-idiotypic response against LPS developed slowly and antibodies appeared after 200 d that bound to E. coli LPS of the R3 core-type and neutralized its TNF-α inducing capacity for human peripheral mononuclear cells. We describe the generation of a novel anti-idiotypic antibody that can induce LPS core-reactive antibodies upon immunization in rabbits and show that it is possible, in principle, to obtain LPS neutralizing antibodies by anti-idiotypic immunization against the mAb WN1 222-5. The mimicked epitope likely shares common determinants with the WN1 222-5 epitope, yet differences with respect to either affinity or specificity do exist, as binding to smaller oligosaccharides of the inner core was not observed.