bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creep and Creep-Fatigue Behavior of Grade 92 Base Metal and Welded Joints
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Gandy D.
Published: October 2024

Grade 92 steel, a creep strength-enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steel, is used in supercritical steam fossil power plants for boilers and piping systems. While its creep strength is crucial, understanding the interaction between creep and fatigue damage is also vital for assessing component integrity under cyclic loading. Despite existing studies on its creep-fatigue behavior, additional data under creep-dominant conditions relevant to plant evaluations are needed. Girth welds, critical to piping system integrity, are particularly important in this context. EPRI and CRIEPI initiated a project to develop a comprehensive database on the creep-fatigue behavior of Grade 92 steel's base metal and welded joints and to establish a suitable life estimation procedure. Key findings include: (i) a thick pipe with submerged arc welding (SAW) was manufactured for testing; (ii) base metal and cross-weld specimens showed similar behavior under short-term creep and cyclic loading; (iii) these specimens had lower creep strengths than average literature values for this steel class in the short time regime, with differences decreasing as stress decreased; and (iv) the fatigue and creep-fatigue behavior of these specimens were similar to those of Grade 91 and 122 steels, with common characteristics in creep-fatigue failure prediction models across the three CSEF steels.
The Effect of Duration of Stress Relief Heat Treatments on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Grade 91 and 92 Power Plant Steels
Authors: Li L. , Zhu P. , West G. , Thomson R. C.
Published: October 2024

A detailed examination has been carried out of the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of samples of T91 and T92 steels which have been subjected to both a ‘normal’ pre­service heat treatment and an extended stress relief heat treatment at 765°C for up to 16 hours. The samples have subsequently been creep tested to failure at different stresses ranging from 66 to 112 MPa. In each case, a reduction in rupture time was observed of 20-30% in the samples which had experienced the additional stress relief heat treatment compared to those which had not. It is shown that these data, when compared with the mean values expected from European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC) Datasheets, result in a reduction in stress of approximately 10% of the mean value predicted from the ECCC data, which is within the allowable scatter band.
Processing of Advanced Alloys for A-USC Steam Turbine Applications
Authors: Jablonski Paul D. , Hawk Jeffery A. , Cowen Christopher J. , Maziasz Philip J.
Published: October 2024

As conventional coal-fired power plants seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing efficiency, the temperature limitations of traditional ferritic/martensitic steels used in high-temperature components present a significant challenge. With Advanced Ultra Supercritical (A-USC) power plants proposing steam temperatures of 760°C, attention has turned to nickel-based superalloys as potential replacements, since ferritic/martensitic steels cannot withstand such extreme conditions. However, the current absence of cast nickel-based superalloys combining high strength, creep-resistance, and weldability has led to the development of cast analogs of wrought nickel-based superalloys, including H263, H282, and N105. This paper examines the alloy design criteria, processing experiences, as-processed and heat-treated microstructures, and selected mechanical properties of these materials while also discussing their potential for full-scale development.
High-Temperature Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Cast Ni-Based Superalloys for Steam Turbine Casing Applications
Authors: Maziasz P.J. , Evans N.D. , Jablonski P.D.
Published: October 2024

Advanced UltraSupercritical (A-USC) Steam fossil power plants will operate at steam temperatures up to 760°C, which will require the use of Ni-based superalloys for steam boiler/superheater and turbine systems. In 2008, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the National Engineering Technology Laboratory/Albany (NETL/Albany) collaborated to make and test castings of Ni-based superalloys, which were previously only commercially available in wrought form. These cast Ni-based based alloys are envisioned for the steam turbine casing, but they may also be applicable to other large components that connect the steam supply to the steam turbine. ORNL and NETL/Albany have produced small vacuum castings of HR 282, Nimonic 105, Inconel 740, and alloy 263, which are precipitation-hardened Ni-based superalloys, as well as solid-solution superalloys such as alloys 625, 617 and 230. The initial alloy screening included tensile and creep-testing at 800°C to determine which alloys are best suited for the steam turbine casing application at 760°C. HR 282 has the best combination of high-temperature strength and ductility, making it a good candidate for the cast-casing application. Cast and wrought versions of HR 282 have similar creep-rupture strength, based on the limited data available to-date. Detailed comparisons to the other alloys and microstructures are included in this paper.
Strain Induced Hardening of Advanced Austenitic Stainless Steels Evaluation of Creep Properties
Authors: Moody P , Babcock Doosan
Published: October 2024

Cold working and bending during boiler manufacturing can induce strain hardening in austenitic stainless steel, potentially compromising creep ductility and leading to premature failures during operation. While design codes like ASME I, PG 19 provide guidelines for maximum strain levels before solution treating is required, industry concerns suggest these limits may be too high, prompting some boiler manufacturers to implement more conservative thresholds. This study examined the creep ductility of four austenitic stainless steels (TP310HCbN, XA704, TX304HB, and Sanicro 25) at prior strain levels of 12% and 15%, with Sanicro 25 demonstrating the highest ductility, followed by TX304HB, XA704, and TP310HCbN. Solution annealing successfully restored creep ductility to exceed 10% elongation in all materials, though this treatment may be necessary at strains of 12% and 15% for all materials except Sanicro 25 to ensure adequate creep ductility. The findings suggest that ASME I PG 19 guidelines for austenitic stainless steels containing Cb, V, and N should be reviewed, as lower strain limits could help reduce strain-induced precipitation hardening failures.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of an S304H-Type Steel Subjected to Hot Working
Authors: Yanushkevich Z. , Mogucheva A. , Tikhonova M. , Belyakov A. , Kaibyshev R.
Published: October 2024

The effect of multiple hot rolling in the temperature interval of 700-1000°C (1290-1830°F) on microstructures and tensile behavior of an S304H-type austenitic stainless steel was studied. The structural changes during hot working are characterized by the elongation of original grains towards the rolling axis and the development of new fine grains. The fraction of fine grains and the average grain size increase with increasing the rolling temperature. The multiple hot rolling results in significant strengthening. The offset yield strength approaches 1080 MPa in the sample processed at 700°C (1290°F), while that of 390 MPa is obtained after rolling at 1000°C (1830°F). On the other hand, the tensile strength at elevated temperatures of 600-700°C (1110-1290°F) decreases with a decrease in the rolling temperature. The relationship between the deformation structures and the tensile behavior is considered in some detail.
Fundamentals of Nanoprobe Analysis (2024 Update)
Authors: Mulder Randal
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Fundamentals of Nanoprobe Analysis (2024 Update).”
Yield Basics for Failure Analysts
Authors: Albert Dave , Myers Tracy
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Yield Basics for Failure Analysts.”
Defect Localization Methods for Device Characterization and Yield Management
Authors: Johnson Greg
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Defect Localization Methods for Device Characterization and Yield Management.”
Correlative Microscopy: In-Situ AFM-in-SEM Introduction, Capabilities, and Case Studies Semiconductor Materials and Batteries
Authors: Neuman Jan , Dao Radek , Novotný Ondøej , Hegrová Veronika , Ring Rosalinda , Strakoš Libor , Kormoš Lukáš , Celano Umberto
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Correlative Microscopy: In-Situ AFM-in-SEM Introduction, Capabilities, and Case Studies Semiconductor Materials and Batteries.”
Flip Chip and Backside Techniques (2024 Update)
Authors: Cole Edward I. , Fishgrab Kira L. , Barton Daniel L. , Bernhard-Höfer Karoline
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Flip Chip and Backside Techniques (2024 Update).”
AI-Driven Advancements in Image Processing, Analysis and 3D Modeling for Fault Isolation and Failure Analysis
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Stegmann Heiko , Plessis Anton du , Mello Domenico , Rossi Marco , Lamedica Giulio
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “AI-Driven Advancements in Image Processing, Analysis and 3D Modeling for Fault Isolation and Failure Analysis.”
Charged Particle Systems—Fundamentals and Opportunities (2024 Update)
Authors: Principe Edward L.
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Charged Particle Systems—Fundamentals and Opportunities (2024 Update).”
Differences in the serum lipid profile of goats with varying autonomic nervous system tone
Authors: Boychuk Bohdan , Karpovskyi Valentyn , Hryshchuk Ihor , Karpovskyi Valentyn , Hryshchuk Andrii
Published: October 2024

Goat farming is a promising branch of animal husbandry, as statistics show a rapid increase in global demand for goat milk and meat products. To meet market demand, new methodological approaches are needed to improve animal productivity while maintaining the quality of the raw materials. In this context, this study aims to determine the impact of autonomic nervous system tone on lipid metabolism in goats. The study involved Saanen goats, with the experimental groups formed based on the results of variation-pulsometric study and electrocardiography, followed by the determination of autonomic nervous system tone using the Baevsky method. The serum lipid profile of goats was studied using a LabLine-010 spectrophotometer. The following indicators were biochemically analysed in serum samples: content of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, high-density, low-density, and very-low-density lipoproteins, and the atherogenic index was calculated. It was established that the content of triacylglycerols was 23% lower (P< 0.05) in sympathotonic animals and 41% lower (P< 0.001) in vagotonic animals compared to normotonic animals. The level of lowdensity lipoproteins in the blood serum of sympathotonic animals decreased by 40% (P < 0.05), and in vagotonic animals – by 76% (P< 0.01), relative to normotonic animals. The content of highdensity lipoproteins in sympathotonic animals increased by 36% (P<0.001), relative to normotonic animals. The level of cholesterol in the blood serum of goats differed by 16% (P < 0.01) in sympathotonic animals and 15% (P< 0.01) in vagotonic animals compared to normotonic animals. A significant influence of autonomic nervous system tone on the processes of maintaining lipid homeostasis in goats was determined. Taking into account the individual features of the influence of the autonomic nervous system on lipid metabolism when distributing animals will contribute to the effective adjustment of diets. After all, each animal has a different tone of the autonomic nervous system, which significantly affects the features of substance transformation in its body
Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical treatment using sonographic diagnostics with pyometra in dogs
Authors: Dekhnych Igor
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this study lies in the necessity to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment for pyometra in dogs, employing sonographic diagnosis. Pyometra, a common uterine infection in female dogs, can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis and kidney damage if left untreated. Ultrasound imaging, a non-invasive and effective diagnostic tool, plays a crucial role in the early detection of pyometra and can identify potential post-operative complications following ovariohysterectomy. This study aimed to identify the ultrasound characteristics of the abdominal cavity in dogs affected by pyometra and to compare the postoperative ultrasound features of the abdominal cavity following ovariohysterectomy over time in a group of animals with and without complications. The primary research method involved a sequential and targeted ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity in dogs diagnosed with pyometra. Subsequent ultrasound examinations were performed during ovariohysterectomy and at 1, 5, and 10 days postoperatively. It was established that the pathologically altered uterus on ultrasound often exhibited characteristics of an enlarged, distended tubular structure with anechoic or hypoechoic content. Ultrasound examination of affected dogs also demonstrated diagnostic effectiveness in cases of visualising intrauterine fluid, even when the uterine size was within normal limits. The use of ultrasound diagnostics allowed for the timely detection of pyometra at early stages, significantly improving the effectiveness of subsequent treatment. Ovariohysterectomy proved to be the most effective treatment method for dogs with pyometra, promoting the normalisation of vital functions as early as 2-3 days post-surgery, which reduced the risk of recurrence. Dynamic ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity after surgery ensured timely adjustment of treatment measures and improved prognosis for patients. The established facts have practical significance for veterinarians, which will contribute to improving the quality of pyometra diagnosis in dogs, the effectiveness of their treatment, and reducing mortality
El menosprecio en contexto educativo chileno y latinoamericano desde la justicia social
Authors: Heeren Herrera Maximiliano , Cona Seguel Deisy , Gallardo Farías Francisca
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Este estudio busca evidenciar la categoría analítica del menosprecio en realidades educativas en Latinoamérica y Chile. Al respecto, el menosprecio será entendido desde la Justicia social, en la que el reconocimiento de unos y otros resultará relevante para el desarrollo de la autorrealización y la participación de las personas legítimamente, por el hecho de ser parte de la sociedad. Metodología: Este estudio descriptivo se centró en investigaciones de naturaleza aplicada, que ahondaran en el menosprecio como prácticas pedagógicas del quehacer educativo latinoamericano y chileno. Ello permitió analizar la categoría de menosprecio desde el análisis del discurso, específicamente, desde su dimensión pragmática. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian formas de menosprecio que promueven inseguridad, exclusión y falta de autoestima, reforzadas por un sistema educativo donde aún imperan prácticas pedagógicas colonialistas. Discusión: En este punto, las prácticas educativas de menosprecio están inmersas y subalternizadas con las formas de colonización del saber, pues son los colonizados a quienes se les imponen valores y una identidad occidentalizada, legitimada por las instituciones colonizadoras. Conclusiones: En suma, existen prácticas de menosprecio en contexto educativo Latinoamericano y chileno ligados a estudiantes que se encuentran insertos en contextos socioculturalmente marginados, agudizando dinámicas de exclusión y reconocimiento funcional fallido.
Eu, o saber, não falo
Authors: Guarreschi Luciana
Published: October 2024

Partindo do texto “A coisa freudiana ou o Sentido do retorno a Freud em psicanálise” (Lacan, 1956/1998), mais especificamente da conhecida prosopopeia lacaniana “Eu, a verdade, falo”, a autora produz uma pequena paródia com seu título “Eu, o saber, não falo”, com o objetivo de traçar um caminho o qual toda análise digna desse nome deveria percorrer, que poderia ser enunciado “da busca pelo saber ao furo no saber”. Para tal construção, foi necessário ir a outro texto: “A psicanálise e suas relações com a realidade” (Lacan, 1967/2003a), em que Lacan defende a incomunicabilidade do saber do analista. Como, então, sustentar esse saber, que não fala, sem fazer mistagogia e pender para o obscurantismo religioso sem que o desejo do analista esteja em jogo?
Molecular dynamics and small-angle x-ray scattering: a comparison computational and experimental approaches to studying the structure of biological complexes
Authors: Petoukhov M. V. , Rakitina T. V. , Agapova Yu. K. , Petrenko D. E. , Podshivalov D. D. , Timofeev V. I. , Peters G. S. , Gaponov Yu. A. , Bocharov E. V. , Shtykova E. V.
Published: October 2024

The results of studying DNA-protein complexes using two independent structural methods – molecular dynamics (MD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) – are compared. MD is a computational method that allows visualization of macromolecule behavior in real environmental conditions based on the laws of physics but suffers from numerous simplifications. SAXS is an X-ray method that allows the reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure of an object in solution based on the one-dimensional profile of small-angle scattering, which presents the problem of ambiguity in solving inverse problems. The use of structural characteristics of complexes obtained by the SAXS method for validating 3D structural models obtained in MD experiments has significantly reduced the ambivalence of theoretical predictions and demonstrated the effectiveness of combining MD and SAXS methods for solving structural biology problems.
Applicability of the MARTINI coarse-grained force field for simulations of protein oligomers in crystallization solution
Authors: Kordonskaya Y. V. , Timofeev V. I. , Marchenkova M. A. , Pisarevsky Y. V. , Dyakova Y. A. , Kovalchuk M. V.
Published: October 2024

The molecular dynamics of two types of lysozyme octamers was simulated under crystallization conditions in the MARTINI coarse-grained force field. Comparative analysis of the obtained results with the simulation data for the same octamers modelled in the all-atom field Amber99sb-ildn showed that octamer “A” demonstrates greater stability compared to octamer “B” in both force fields. Thus, the results of molecular dynamics simulations of octamers using both force fields are consistent. Despite several differences in the behavior of the protein in different fields, they do not affect the validity of the data obtained using MARTINI. This confirms the applicability of the MARTINI force field for studying crystallization solutions of proteins.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and organs of the immune system
Authors: Maiborodin I. V. , Marinkin I. O. , Onoprienko N. V. , Maiborodina V. I.
Published: October 2024

As a result of a literature search, the physiological aspects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) influence on immune organs, such as red bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, were considered. The use of GnRH drugs leads to the replacement of red bone marrow with yellow one with an increase in the content of lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells. In parallel, processes of osteoporosis occur due to increased bone resorption with corresponding changes in calcium metabolism and a decrease in the density of various bone tissues. At the same time, there are papers reporting no effect of GnRH on bone density and changes in calcium metabolism. GnRH acts on the thymus during embryonic development, and in postnatal ontogenesis, and during inflammation and age-related involution processes. Not only GnRH causes changes in the thymus; the thymus may also influence on the GnRH system. A direct effect of GnRH on spleen cells had not been detected, but the weight of the organ changed as a result of active immunization against GnRH in experiment. Unfortunately, very few articles demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of immunomodulation in such conditions. In any case, the obvious insufficiency and contradictory of publications on each aspect of GnRH effects indicates that they have been poorly studied, and it’s advisabile of further continuing not only applied research, but also fundamental investigations, due to its possible high prospects for creating immune control systems.
СУЩНОСТЬ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОЦЕНКИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ НА УРОКАХ БИОЛОГИИ
Authors: Асилбекова Б.Ж. , Жумагулова К.А. , Майматаева А.Д.
Published: October 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены сущность и содержаниеоценивания в формировании функциональной грамотности обучающихся науроках биологии. Определенные критерии для оценки предметных результатовопределены по знаниям и навыкам понимания, применения, функциональности.Обобщающий критерий «функциональности» среди этих умений отражаетиспользование теоретического материала, методических и процедурных знанийпри решении внеклассных задач, отличающихся сложностью содержанияпредмета, умением читать, контекстом, а также сочетанием познавательныхопераций. Задания для оценки функциональной грамотности выделены рядомхарактеристик. В первую очередь представлены задания, поставленныеобучающимися вне предметной области, но они рассмотрены с помощьюпредметных знаний, а также через жизненный опыт. Показано, что дляформирования соответствующих компетенций необходимо внедрять в учебныйпроцесс задания, направленные на развитие естественнонаучной грамотности. Этизадания направлены на проверку навыков, характеризующих научную грамотность,но при этом основаны на ситуациях, которые можно назвать жизненными, реальнымиили просто интересными для детей. Задания по биологии обычно основаны напроблемном материале, который включает текст, графику, таблицы и связанные сними вопросы.
СПОСОБЫ РАСПОЗНАВАНИЯ СТРУКТУРЫ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТА «БИОЛОГИЯ» С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПРОЕКТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Атышева Б.Б. , Аманбаева М.Б. , Гюль А.
Published: October 2024

В научной статье показаны результаты проектной деятельности в подготовке будущих биологов. Главная задача в подготовке учителей биологии – сформировать личность, которая мыслит на самом высоком уровне, имеет жизненную позицию и может проводить научные исследования. Человек, обладающий важными для общества компетенциями, может выиграть любое соревнование.Образовательный процесс характеризуется множеством проблем проектной и исследовательской деятельности. При организации проектной деятельности важно, чтобы учащиеся умели находить оптимальные варианты решения различных ситуаций, например, задач в образовательной и производственной сферах, проявляли дизайнерскиеспособности и свои исследовательские способности. Развитие исследовательских навыков должно постепенно стать приоритетной задачей среднего и высшего профессионального образования. Способность учащегося проводить исследования — это вид деятельности, который приводит к изменениям в конкурентной среде. Кроме того, в процессе исследований у человека формируются духовные ценности, активно осуществляется саморазвитие в окружающей среде, целенаправленная работа, способствующая обучению, профессиональному и личностному самоопределению. В ходе исследования статьи мы столкнулись с противоречиями в теории и практике проектной деятельности, и были рассмотрены пути их решения. В статье определены цель и теория проектной деятельности студентов, а также представлены результаты научных исследований по развитию навыков студентов в процессе проектной деятельности. В процессе проектно-исследовательской деятельности демонстрируются результаты развития навыков и заинтересованности учащихся.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ В ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯХ
Authors: Карелхан Н. , Қадірбек А. , Schmidt P.
Published: October 2024

В образовании очень важно повысить качество преподавания предметов в области естественных наук. Это одно из важнейших условий подготовки молодежи к современным технологиям. В этой связи, при подготовке профессионально квалифицированного специалиста в высших учебных заведениях требуется актуализация содержания дисциплины в соответствии с рынком труда. В настоящее время геоинформационные системы (ГИС) интенсивно используются во всех отраслях повседневной жизни. Государства на передовой относят развитие ГИС, связанное с этим направлением, к одному из важнейших государственных дел. В статье рассмотрены понятие геоинформационных систем, возможности в образовательном пространстве, а также особенности их применения в современном образовательном процессе. ГИС играет ключевую роль в улучшении качества образования, позволяя учащимся и преподавателям использовать пространственные данные для изучения, анализа и визуализации информации. Принимая во внимание местные и глобальные проблемы с помощью ГИС, учащиеся могут использовать современные технологии и методы анализа данных. Он также получит уникальную возможность углубленного изучения географии, экологии, информатики, геологии, геоинформатики и другихнаук. Эти технологии не только помогают учащимся развить практические навыки, но и готовят их к тому, чтобы стать профессионалами в области цифрового анализа и анализа данных. В статье рассмотрены результаты внедрения и реализации тем, посвященных геоинформационным системам, при изучении дисциплины «применение цифровых технологий по отраслям» в области естественных наук с целью определения эффективности обучения геоинформационных систем в высших учебных заведениях. В ходе внедрения были составлены специальные учебно-методические и цифровые образовательные ресурсы, отражены особенности и результаты их применения в учебном процессе.
Brian MacWhinney’s 55 Years Research into Language Education and Psychology: A Systematic Review and Brian MacWhinney’s Personal Reflection
Authors: MacWhinney Brian , Panahi Ali , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: October 2024

Ali Panahi and Hassan Mohebbi systematically reviewed Brian MacWhinney’s 55 years of research and publication in language education and psychology. The study was conducted in varying sections. Section 1 illustrates a methodology for the systematic review. It presents an impressionistic framework based on which the reviewers developed some exclusion and inclusion rules. Section 2 is concerned with MacWhinney’s overall achievements and contributions; all his research publications were estimated to stand at 540 items. Section 3 presents the themes (micro-themes and macro-themes) in MacWhinney’s research works and presents the extracted technical jargons, terms and concepts for both language education (1548 items) and psychology (447 items). Added to this, nine meta-themes were inferred and extracted for all of his research publications. Section 4 provides a systematic review of his research works. As a result, with reference to the subjective criteria and exclusion and inclusion rules, his research works, i.e., articles, book chapters and books, were systematically reviewed. In the end, Brian MacWhinney provided his own reflection and discussion.
Translating Student Diversity Within the German Higher Education System. How Universities Respond to the Political Discourse on Widening Participation
Authors: Mergner Julia
Published: October 2024

How do universities respond to the institutional demand to deal with an increasingly heterogeneous student body? Julia Mergner examines the widening participation policy discourse from an organizational sociological perspective. The results show how differently universities translate the idea of student diversity into their local context and legitimize strategies, structures and practices for dealing with it.
Wie eine „umgekehrte Psychoanalyse“: Überlegungen zum Propagandabegriff der Kritischen Theorie und dessen Potenzial für die Rechtsextremismusforschung
Authors: Jensen Andreas
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag unternimmt eine Reflexion jener psychosozialen Mechanismen, mit deren Hilfe ein Begriff von Propaganda für die Rechtsextremismusforschung gerahmt werden kann. Um einen solchen Propagandabegriff formulieren zu können, werden grundlegende Überlegungen ausgewählter Kritischer Theoretiker zu Propaganda und Agitation diskutiert. Dabei wird vorgeschlagen, dass Propaganda der extremen Rechten in Abgrenzung zu anderen politischen Mobilisierungsformen als eine regressiv wirkende Sozialisationsagentur verstanden werden kann. Um die Relevanz der dargelegten Überlegungen zu verdeutlichen, analysiert der Autor einen Ausschnitt einer politischen Rede von Björn Höcke (AfD), anhand der die doppelbödige Wirkungsweise extrem rechter Propaganda ausgearbeitet wird. So tritt in Höckes Ansprache gegen die deutsche Asylpolitik beispielhaft die ambivalente Adressierung extrem rechter Propaganda hervor, die ihrem Publikum einerseits narzisstische Aufwertung verspricht, dieses anderseits aber auch beständig klein macht und kränkt. Im Rahmen eines solchen doppelbödigen Erlebnisangebots jedoch, so wird zu zeigen versucht, macht extrem rechte Propaganda rechtsextreme Ideologiefragmente emotional attraktiv, insofern sie diese als verheißungsvolle Lösung für jene Konflikte und Beschädigungen darbietet, die extrem rechte Propaganda wiederum manipulativ verstärkt.
Populistische Stimmen in extremistischen Online-Videos – eine Inhaltsanalyse von rechtsextremen und islamistischen YouTube-Videos
Authors: Schmitt Josephine B. , Winkler Julia R.
Published: October 2024

Populistische und extremistische Akteur:innen gewinnen unabhängig von ihrer ideologischen Verortung stetig an Popularität. Digitale Medien spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Obwohl in Medienberichten spekuliert wird, dass das von Populist:innen geschaffene einfache Weltbild zu extremeren Positionen beiträgt, gibt es bisher keine Untersuchungen dazu, inwiefern Extremist:innen in ihren Mitteilungen auf populistische Kommunikationsmuster zurückgreifen. Außerdem gibt es keine Studie, welche unterschiedliche Ideologien diesbezüglich gegenüberstellt. Die vorliegende Studie schließt diese Lücke und präsentiert eine quantitative Inhaltsanalyse von N=51 extremistischen YouTube-Videos (n=25 rechtsextremistisch, n=26 islamistisch extremistisch). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 30 Prozent der Videos die drei zentralen Elemente des Populismus aufweisen (Volkszentrismus, Anti-Elitismus und Wiederherstellung der Souveränität). Zudem unterscheiden sich rechtsextremistische und islamistische Videos nur geringfügig hinsichtlich der verwendeten populistischen Kommunikationsmuster.
Erziehung, Familie und Geschlecht im völkischen Neoliberalismus und völkischen Antikapitalismus
Authors: Korneli Karina
Published: October 2024

Aus erziehungswissenschaftlicher Perspektive befasst sich der Beitrag mit Gesellschaftsentwürfen der Neuen Rechten auf Basis ihrer divergierenden sozial- und wirtschaftspolitischen Konzeptionen. Beispielhaft für den völkischen Neoliberalismus wird das Buch „Alternative Politik“ (2017) von Felix Menzel herangezogen und auf Vorstellungen von Erziehung und Familie sowie geschlechterordnenden Implikationen untersucht. Dem gegenüber wird das Buch „Solidarischer Patriotismus“ (2021) von Benedikt Kaiser als Vertreter des völkischen Antikapitalismus einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen. Es zeigt sich, dass beiden Entwürfen völkische Familien- und Geschlechterbilder zugrunde liegen. Aufgrund der zentralen Rolle, die die Familie als Gegenhalt zur wirtschaftlichen Konkurrenzlogik im völkischen Neoliberalismus spielt, kommt dieser in Menzels Ausführungen eine vergleichsweise prominente Position zu. Auf der anderen Seite speist sich Kaisers Entwurf aus einem rassistisch-exklusiven Solidaritätspostulat, dem vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Individualisierungstendenzen eine gewisse Verfänglichkeit zukommt. Der Beitrag schließt mit dem Appell an die Erziehungswissenschaft, einem solchen neurechten Vorstoß ein inklusives Solidaritätsangebot entgegenzustellen.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Moroccan school-age adolescents: sociodemographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants
Authors: Belaoufi Halima , El-Jamal Sanaa , Sahel Khadija , Aboukhalaf Abdelghani , Friki Firdaous , Chamlal Hamid , Elbiyad Jamila , Atouife Soumaya , El Habazi Abdellah , Belahsen Rekia
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite its benefits, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is abandoned or not adopted by the younger generations in most Mediterranean countries.

Objective

The aim here was to examine some factors determining adherence to MD in Moroccan school-age adolescents.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a school setting among 386 students (148 boys and 238 girls), aged 14 to 18 years, randomly selected and from different socioeconomic strata. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle data. Physical activity was assessed using the short French version of the IPAQ questionnaire. The KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Weight, height and waist circumference were measured according to WHO standards. Body mass index (BMI) and waist�to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Statistical ANOVA test was used for to compare multiple means, Student’s t-test for independent samples, Chi2 test for categorical variables and multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify factors
associated with adherence to the MD amongst adolescents sample.

Results

Adherence to the MD in this population was very low, with nearly 53% having poor adherence and only 7.7% reporting optimal adherence. Multinomial regression analyses showed that poor adherence is correlated with female gender (p=0.042), low paternal education (p=0.004), limited number of meals (p=0.006), advanced age (p=0.005) and inadequate sleep duration (p=0.027). In contrast, better adherence appears to be correlated with a high number of meals per day (p<0.001) and a better socio-professional class of the father (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study revealed a low prevalence of good adherence to MD confirming a transition of the study adolescents towards a Westernized diet. Targeted nutritional intervention programs should be implemented to improve adherence to the MD among Moroccan adolescents, by promoting healthy eating habits.
Člověk a jeho práva
Authors: Bohumír Götz
Published: October 2024

Viera Strážnická, Štefan Šebesta: Man and His Rights. Bratislava 1994.
Nation, Nationalism and Emancipatory Efforts
Authors: Rovná Lenka
Published: October 2024

Národ, nacionalismus a emancipační snahy
Collapse of State and State-Building – Another Perspective on Somalia
Authors: Von Hippel Karin
Published: October 2024

Kolaps státu a budování státu – jiný pohled na Somálsko
Visualisation of Images and Performance in Music Genres
Authors: Afonina Olena
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyse the visual component in the musical genre (songs) and musical-theatrical genre (ballet), which is an element for the formation of spectacle. The work methodology includes analytical, structural-functional, generalising scientific methods; techniques of comparative analysis to reveal the specifics of modern artistic practices in revealing the specifics of the visual as a component of spectacle. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the analysis of the song “Smerekova Khata”, the musical and stage performance of the “Gerdan” theatre, the ballet “Signs” with the determination of the visualisation of the images laid down by the authors to form the spectacle. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of M. Bakay and P. Dvorskyi's song “Smerekova Khata”, the dependence of visualisation in musical-poetic composition and music, metaphoricity in musical-poetic images in various performing interpretations with a certain amount of spectacularity according to the definition of “spectacularity” in the dictionary of Efron and Brockhaus is determined as a concert, performance. The analysis of the concert performance of the Chernivtsi City Folklore Theatre-Studio “Gherdan” based on the musical and textual material, stage design and costumes of the performers made it possible to reveal the degree of visualisation of musical and stage images that contribute to spectacle in art according to K. Stanislavska's concept as a spectacle with an artistic structure, which is a system of means of expression with external manifestations. The French-American dancer-choreographer Carolyn Carlson's ballet “Signes” (1997, Paris Opera) with scenery by the French artist Olivier Debre and electronic music by the French composer René Aubry fully meets all the parameters of spectacle: a) unusual events that appeal to history with famous heroes Leonardo da Vinci and Gioconda with her outstanding smile; b) entertainment in the presentation of material with the use of three-dimensional pictures that are constantly moving; c) seven different locations; d) lack of verbal text (words), which are compensated by electronic music and choreographic movements.
Michael Tippett: Specification of the Work for Orchestra and Soprano "Byzantia"
Authors: Sokolova Alla
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to reveal the deep image-sound layers and features of the Irish bardic tradition in the work of M. Tippett through the prism of the work for orchestra and soprano "Byzantium". The methodological basis of the research is historical-conceptual, hermeneutic method and comparative analysis of factual data based on the works of Thomas Weiskel, David Clark, Edward Venn, and Meirion Bowen. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Ukrainian art history segment, M. Tippett's work for orchestra and soprano "Byzantium" was analysed with an emphasis on the dramaturgy of the composition, cyclical elements, metaphorical sound images, symbolism and characteristic features of the musical and poetic tradition of Irish bards. Conclusions. Biographical collisions of M. Tippett influenced his creative aspirations and attitude to the surrounding world. M. Tippett's aesthetic views are a dialogue between romantic aspirations and sceptical realism of the modern era. Michael Tippett's musical language absorbed both tradition and the entire palette of accumulated world musical experience, as well as duality of meanings, symbolism, imagery and conflict. The work analyses the composition for orchestra and soprano "Byzantium" by M. Tippet, which is based on the mosaic of images, the logical sequence of musical motifs, and cyclicity. It is necessary to highlight the fragmentary nature of musical sections, variable motifs, the presence of contrasting material, the symbolism of magical, changing life force as secular ephemerality, the destruction of the musical text using the technique of expansion and fragmentation. Thus, the composition "Byzantium" is a reincarnation of Irish cultural nationalism in the aspect of traditional forms of bardic poetry. The musical language of M. Tippett in the work "Byzantium" is based on the forms crystallised by the work of L. Beethoven and updated by the musical context of modern and postmodern.
An economic analysis of alfalfa response to phosphate
Authors:   , Haldeman Earl N.
Published: October 2024

"The general objective of this study is to find optimal levels of phosphate for forage production under varying conditions. More specifically, the objectives are: 1) To estimate a production function relating the effects of topdress phosphate on alfalfa yields. 2) To find the profit maximizing levels of topdress phosphate under varying P2O5 and alfalfa prices. 3) To determine the effect of a crop failure on the profit maximizing levels of phosphate, and 4) To determine the effect of available phosphate in the soil on the estimated yields and associated profit maximizing levels of P2O5."--Page 4.
Rural household expenditure in the United States : a statistical analysis of consumer behavior
Authors:   , Saleh Abdullah A.
Published: October 2024

"Since the years of depression, many policy programs have been designed to improve the income of the farmer and the standard of living in the rural area. Yet many people in the farm sector and in the rural community are still faced with major economic and social problems. The economic problems seem to be inherited through the inelastic nature of the demand for agricultural commodities. The application of new technology increased both quality and quantity of the product, but did not add much towards improving the farmer's income relative to the income of urban people. The by-product of technology was rural unemployment created by the displacement of workers by machine. Many of the displaced farm workers and unsuccessful farmers migrated to non-farm areas, seeking a way of living other than farming. Lacking the skill required by other industries, most of these remained unemployed. This unemployment amplified the burden of rural poverty. The levels of education, health and recreational services in the rural area, though far better than in many other nations, still compare unfavorably with the urban sector. Much of this is due to the fact that most of the nation's poor are in agriculture [10]. Aid has long been given to the low income persons, through private or public agencies, to meet their needs of food, clothing, shelter and medical services. Government programs concerning the rural population such as the direct payments to the farmers, the social security benefits, food programs for the poor, etc., aim at raising the standard of living of these people, to compensate for the inadequacy of their incomes. Treasury payments to the farmers have been running over three billion each year [1]. Such policy programs which invest large amounts in the rural area require empirical research, including social science investigations, to evaluate the needs of this sector for aid. Quantitative analysis of rural household expenditures is useful to many research and policy problems, since most of the policy issues have a direct relation with income and expenditure."--Introduction.
Surface texture produced by peripheral milling with helical end mills
Authors:   , Ayer Fosdick W.
Published: October 2024

An investigation of the surface texture produced by peripheral milling with end mills has been made. Theoretical relationships are presented to predict the theoretical cusp height and approximate the arithmetical average surface roughness based on the geometrical considerations of a circular tooth path. Experimentation was conducted to correlate the theoretical approximations and to determine the significance of process variables using multiple regression analysis. The theory, based entirely on the geometrical aspects of a circular tooth path, indicated that the theoretical cusp height may be determined knowing the cutter diameter and the incremental feed per tooth. The location of the mean line, about which the surface roughness was evaluated, is determined. Approximations of the arithmetical average surface roughness are presented which indicate that the roughness may be approximated knowing only the cutter diameter and the incremental feed per tooth. A compensation for tooth height variation is also considered. Multiple regression analyses of data obtained experimentally for this project and data obtained from a similar study involving end mill deflection indicate that feed per tooth and cutter helix angle are the primary process parameters contributing to surface finish. A relationship between cutter helix angle, radial rake angle and oblique radial rake angle indicates that the oblique radial rake angle and not the helix angle may be the most significant variable not included in the geometry based theory.
Vacuum degasification of water
Authors:   , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

A procedure for design of a water vacuum degasifier is presented for removing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon from water from 35 to 90 F. This procedure is based on gas solubilities following Henry's law and diffusivities following the Stokes-Einstein equation. Column mass transfer is described in terms of the number and height of overall liquid transfer units, N OL and H OL. A computer performance program is presented.
Der Beitrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflegewissenschaft angesichts zukünftiger Herausforderungen
Authors: Stemmer Renate , Büker Christa , Holle Bernhard , Köpke Sascha , Sirsch Erika
Published: October 2024

Der Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflegewissenschaft (DGP) hat das 30-Jahre-Jubiläum zum Anlass genommen, um die strategische Weiterentwicklung der DGP hinsichtlich der Unterstützung der Disziplinentwicklung, der Politikberatung, der Chancen und Herausforderungen der Interdisziplinarität, der Stärkung der internationalen Vernetzung, dem Zusammenwirken von Vorstand und Sektionen sowie der Nachwuchsförderung zu skizzieren. Die anvisierten Entwicklungsschritte werden angetrieben durch die übergeordnete Zielsetzung, pflegewissenschaftlich fundierte Antworten auf die Herausforderung der Pflege- und Versorgungspraxis zu initiieren und voranzubringen. Sie dienen zudem der Profilierung der DGP als pflegewissenschaftlicher Fachgesellschaft.
Technologieeinsatz in der zukünftigen pflegerischen Versorgung einer alternden Bevölkerung
Authors: Meißner Anne
Published: October 2024

Zur Diskussion
Öffnung von Pflegeeinrichtungen für den Sozialraum: Ergebnisse einer Studie zu Zielgruppen und Barrieren der Erreichbarkeit
Authors: Röhnsch Gundula , Hämel Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Viele alte Menschen haben den Wunsch trotz zunehmender gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen in ‚ihrem‘ Quartier wohnen zu bleiben. Der Beitrag betrachtet, inwiefern Pflegeheime dazu beitragen können. Die hier untersuchten Heime zielen darauf, älteren Menschen, die in eigener Häuslichkeit in der Nachbarschaft der Einrichtungen leben, einen Zugang zu präventiv orientierten Versorgungsangeboten zu bieten. Im Fokus der Studie steht, wie es den Einrichtungen gelingen könnte, die älteren Menschen mit sozialen, gesundheitlichen und pflegerischen Angeboten zu erreichen und welche Barrieren der Zielgruppenerreichbarkeit sich ihnen stellen. Dazu wurden Interviews mit Verantwortlichen für die Konzeption, Durchführung und Umsetzung des Projekts „Pflege stationär – Weiterdenken!“ geführt und analysiert. Aus Sicht der Befragten ist die Erreichbarkeit alter Menschen im Quartier durch nutzerseitige und angebotsseitige Barrieren erschwert. Um alte Menschen im Quartier besser zu erreichen, sollten Pflegeeinrichtungen die Lebens- und Versorgungssituationen im Quartier stärker berücksichtigen und auf dieser Basis ihr Spektrum an Angeboten ausdifferenzieren. Ebenso wichtig ist es, Beziehungsarbeit mit der Zielgruppe zu leisten und Multiplikator_innen im Quartier als Partner_innen zu gewinnen. Pflegende müssen insofern erweiterte Aufgaben übernehmen, soziale und gesundheitliche Probleme im sozial-räumlichen Kontext betrachten und gemeindeorientiert arbeiten – Aufgabenbereiche, die für Pflegende in Deutschland jedoch noch kaum erschlossen sind.