bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Robust Ferroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature to Predict Overall Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yen-ting , Li Can-Xuan , Chen Jie
Published: February 2021

Background: Ferroptosis is a novel defined type of programmed cell death (PCD) with widespread functions involved in physical conditions or multiple diseases including malignancies. However, the relationship between ccRCC and ferroptosis-related regulators remains poorly known. Herein, we investigate the prognostic values and potential mechanisms of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in ccRCC.Methods: Ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from FerrDb database, GeneCards database and previously published literatures. The gene expression profile of ferroptosis-related regulators and corresponding clinicopathological information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) were screened between ccRCC specimens and noncancerous specimens. Among these genes, prognostic DE-FRGs were identified using univariate COX analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Further multivariate COX regression was employed to identify prognosis-related hub DE-FRGs and establish a prognostic model. Results: We identified seven hub genes (HMGCR, MT1G, BID, EIF4A1, FOXM1, TFAP2C and CHAC1) from the DE-FRGs using univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and used them to establish a novel clinical predictive model in the TCGA train cohort (n = 374). Subsequently, we assessed the prognostic value of the model. Survival analysis showed that high-risk patients had a reduced overall survival (OS), the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the signature's diagnostic performance. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, we verified the prognostic performance of the risk model in the testing cohort (n=156), and the entire group (n=530) using Kaplan-Meier curve and ROC curve analyses. Functional analysis indicated that several carcinogenic pathways were enriched, and tumor-infiltrating immune cell abundances, and the expression levels of immunosuppressive molecules were different between two risk groups. Finally, external databases (ONCMINE, GEPIA, HPA, Kaplan-Meier plotter and cbioportal) were used to confirm the expression patterns, prognostic value, and genetic mutations of 7 hub FRGs in ccRCC.Conclusions: Collectively, we successfully constructed a novel ferroptosis-related risk signature that was significantly associated with the prognosis of ccRCC.
Study on Multi Stage Forging Process with Combination of Different Strain Rate and Temperature Regime in IMI 685 Forging
Authors: A Jayanthi , M Anil Kumar , Bhat Raghavendra R , B Ravisankar
Published: February 2021

IMI 685, a near alpha Ti alloy has been used as high pressure compressor discs for aero engine application due to its high strength to weight ratio and high creep resistance. Compressor disc is a very critical component in an aero engine and manufacturing process plays an important role in obtaining the required mechanical properties. Generally due to a highly complex and critical product, its manufacturing process is not available in open literatures. Currently, isothermal forging is used and which is time consuming and not cost effective. Hence, in this paper non-isothermal approach of manufacturing compressor disc using a combination of hydraulic press and pneumatic hammer have been explored as an alternate. Simulation studies have been carried out using DEFORM 3D FEM software for the prediction of temperature distribution, strain and strain rate experienced during forging. Forging has been carried out in two stages, hydraulic press used for upsetting and hammer used for die forging in partial α-b / b temperature range and beta solutionised followed by aging. Extensive mechanical testing such as room temperature tensile test, hot tensile test, notch tensile test, creep, post creep tensile test and micro structural characterization has been performed. From the mechanical and metallurgical analysis it was found that processing in partial α-b / b temperature range resulted in higher creep strain rate with acicular / needle alpha platelets with a basket weave structure. This experiment has proven with a proper selection of thermo mechanical process parameter, required creep properties can be met with the non-isothermal processing route.
Key Potentials of mHealth for Community-Based Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siregar Kemal Nazarudin , Kurniawan Rico , BaharuddinNur Ryza Jazid , Nuridzin Dion Zein , Handayani Yolanda , Retnowati Retnowati , Rohjayanti Rohjayanti , Halim Lindawati
Published: February 2021

Background

The epidemiological transition from infectious to non-communicable disease (NCD) is characterized by an increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant decline in NCD screening and treatment activities in health centers. This study aims to revive and expand the coverage of NCD control programs, from the elderly to productive age groups, through the use of mHealth for the early detection of CVD, which is also provides health promotion media that is easily accessible.
Methods

This research is an operational study to develop a community-based early detection mechanism for CVD using mHealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Babakan Madang sub-district, Bogor district.
Results

The use of the mHealth application supported by community participation is proven to be able to reach the productive age population significantly (87.1%) in the Babakan Madang sub-district. The mHealth application simplifies CVD risk predictions so that it can be used by the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion

This application is also very well accepted by the community and is able to provide personalized health promotions.
Clinical features of extrahepatic recurrence after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: simple parameters predicting extrahepatic recurrence
Authors: Yoon Jae Hyun , Lee Won Jae , Kim Sun Min , Kim Kwang Tack , Kim Hee Joon , Ko Yang Seok , Kook Hyun Yi , Jun Chung Hwan , Cho Sung Bum , Choi Sung Kyu
Published: February 2021

Background

Extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. We investigated the features of EHR and identified its predictive factors.
Methods

This retrospective study included 398 treatment-naive patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC at two tertiary hospitals. Multivariate analysis via Cox-regression was performed to identify the variables associated with EHR.
Results

EHR was diagnosed in 94 patients (23.6%) over a median follow-up period of 5.92 years, most commonly in the lungs (42.6%). The 5-/10-year cumulative rates of HCC recurrence and EHR were 63.0%/75.6% and 18.1%/35.0%, respectively.. The median time to EHR was 2.06 years. Intrahepatic HCC recurrence was not observed in 38.3% of patients on EHR diagnosis. On multivariate analysis, bile duct invasion, tumor necrosis, sum of tumor size > 7 cm, macrovascular invasion, first recurrence free survival < 1 year, and serum alpha fetoprotein > 400 IU/mL during recurrence were predictive of EHR. Four risk levels and their respective EHR were defined: very low risk, 2-/5-year, 0.7%/14.2%; low risk, 2-/5-year, 6.4%/31.0%; intermediate risk, 2-/5-year, 21.9%/73.1%; and high risk, 2-/3-year, 70.8%/100.0%.
Conclusion

Our predictive model clarifies the clinical course of EHR and could improve the follow-up strategy to improve outcomes.
Spatiotemporal Imaging and Pharmacokinetic of Fluorescent Compounds in Zebrafish Eleuthero-Embryos After Different Routes of Administration
Authors: Guarin Marlly , Faelens Ruben , Giusti Arianna , Croze Noémie De , Léonard Marc , Cabooter Deirdre , Annaert Pieter , Witte Peter de , Ny Annelii
Published: February 2021

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly used to assess the pharmacological activity and toxicity of compounds. The spatiotemporal distribution of seven fluorescent alkyne compounds was examined during 48 h after immersion (10 µM) or microinjection (2 mg/kg) in the pericardial cavity (PC), intraperitoneally (IP) and yolk sac (IY) of 3 dpf zebrafish eleuthero-embryos. By modelling the fluorescence of whole-body contours present in fluorescence images, the main pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter values of the compounds were determined. It was demonstrated that especially in case of short incubations (1-3h) immersion can result in limited intrabody exposure to compounds. In this case, PC and IP microinjections represent excellent alternatives. Significantly, IY microinjections did not result in a suitable intrabody distribution of the compounds. Performing a QSPkR (quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship) analysis, LogD was identified as the only molecular descriptor that explains the final uptake of the selected compounds. It was also shown that combined administration of compounds (immersion and microinjection) provides a more stable intrabody exposure, at least in case of a prolonged immersion and compounds with LogD value > 1. These results will help reduce the risk of false negative results and can offer an invaluable input for future translational research and safety assessment applications.
The Role of F18-FLT PET / CT in Assessing Early Response to TARE and TACE in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors
Authors: NAK DEMET , Kucuk Nuriye Ozlem , Celebioglu Emre Can , BILGIC Mehmet Sadik , HAYME Serhat , KIR Metin Kemal
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify F18-FLT PET / CT's role in the assessment of early response to intraarterial chemoembolization and radioembolization treatments in patients with unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors.MethodsThis single-center study included 63 patients who underwent F18-FLT PET / CT for response evaluation after TACE and TARE treatments. After excluding 20 patients due to various reasons, 43 patients were analyzed. The compatibility of change in semi-quantitative values obtained from the F18-FLT PET / CT images with the treatment responses detected in F18-FDG PET / CT, CT, and MR images was evaluated.ResultsThere was no correlation between early metabolic, morphological response, F18-FLT visual change, ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, and ΔSUVpeak values. There was no significant correlation between F18-FLT visual change, ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, ΔSUVpeak, and OS, PFS for the target lobe PFS for the whole-body. The survival distributions for the patients with and without >30% change in ΔSUVmax and ΔSUVpeak values were statistically significantly different (p < .009 and p < .024, respectively).ConclusionIt has not been demonstrated that F18-FLT PET / CT imaging is one of the methodologies that should be applied primarily in monitoring early response to embolization treatment in patients with unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors.
Comparison of biplane manual, automated volumetric and MRI methods for assessment of left ventricle volumes and function in a series of three left ventricle non-compaction patients
Authors: Pigon Katarzyna Justyna , Radzik Edyta , Krzemień-Wolska Krystyna , Przywara-Chowaniec Brygida , Nowalany-Kozielska Ewa , Tomasik Andrzej
Published: February 2021

Background

Non-compaction of the ventricular myocardium (LVNC) is a rare genetically determined heart defect. The disease is most frequently detected during accidental echocardiography. There is no golden rule examination for LVNC diagnosis. In our study, we aimed to compare the measurements of the left ventricle volumes and function obtained with the two-dimensional, and three-dimensional echo based on the results from MR imaging in a series of three left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy patients.
Case presentation

Patients’ age was 43–53 years. Two patients presented with congestive heart failure, third patient presented with ventricular arrhythmia. The proportion of thickness of non-compacted to compacted layers ranged from 2.3 to 3.6. Three-dimensional echo has revealed substantially higher end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes in comparison to two-dimensional echo, yet not as high as assessed in magnetic resonance imaging. Speckle tracking revealed reduced global longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain, even in the patients with normal left ventricle function.
Conclusion

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography with automated left ventricle analysis offers more information on the assessment of left ventricle in patients with left ventricle non-compaction in comparison to two-dimensional echocardiography. Speckle tracking analysis may add prognostic information in this specific group of patients.
Synthesis of self-assembled nacre-like materials with 3D periodic layers from nanochitin via hydrogelation and mineralization
Authors: Xu Junhua , Liu Liang , Yu Juan , Zou Yujun , Pei Wenhui , Zhang Lili , Ye Wenbo , Bai Long , Wang Zhiguo , Fan Yimin , Yong Qiang , Rojas Orlando
Published: February 2021

Here introduced a route for the synthesis of 3D structures that display a mechanical strength that competes with that of the toughest materials found in nature. Following the “brick-and-mortar” biomineralization typical of nacre, self-stratified, periodic materials are obtained by one-step ion diffusion gradient and hydrogelation of nanochitin with simultaneous mineral coprecipitation. Specifically, under appropriate electrolyte conditions, hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres grow in an organic network formed from partially deacetylated chitin nanofibers (NCh), resulting in periodic stacking of mineralized (HA) and non-mineralized (NCh) layers. By directional diffusion, customizable 3D shapes are self-assembled and demonstrated to function as optical waveguides with selective light transmission at interfaces. Upon hot pressing, the resulting solid structures exhibit a superb mechanical performance while being biocompatible (tested with chondrogenic ATDC5 cells as a model for physiological mineralization). Overall, a shape-controlled, one-pot biomineralization method was proposed that achieves hierarchical, periodic and strong “nacre-like” structures suitable as biomedical material.
The effect of oxidant-antioxidant balance on the one-year prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study
Authors: Shaafi Sheida , Hadisi Fina , Mahmoudinezhad Mahsa , Razmi Hamidreza , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Khalili Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Background

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Also, free radicals and oxidative stress are deleterious factor in the stroke progression. We aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and odds of having risk factor for stroke or developing stroke.
Methods

The present case control study conducted on 556 participants in Imam-Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Subjects were divided into three group, including individuals with acute ischemic stroke, at risk of stroke, and healthy controls. All enrolled participants except for controls underwent neurological examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stroke-related disability and stroke severity were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), respectively. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured within 48 hours of stroke. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests for comparing characteristics between groups, multivariable logistic regression for odds of stroke based on MDA and TAC quartiles, and Spearman’s correlation were used.
Results

Serum MDA was significantly higher in stroke group than controls in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Higher levels of MDA increased odds of stroke development (P < 0.001), however TAC and MDA were not associated with having risk factors for stroke (P = 1.00 and 0.27, respectively). Also, TAC level was negatively associated with baseline (ρ=-0.28; P = 0.04) and follow-up (ρ=-0.31; P = 0.03) NIHSS scores. Moreover, MDA was correlated with mRS score at follow-up (ρ=-0.26; P = 0.04).
Conclusions

The balance between antioxidants and oxidants markers might reveal a new approach in this context. Despite recent efforts to identify the source of oxidative stress as well as cessation of the production of oxygen radicals in stroke, further studies are warranted.
WITHDRAWN: Utilization of Sustainable Energy in a Novel Architecture
Authors: Haseeb Qubad , al-bayaty Hussein , Abdulkarim Ali
Published: February 2021

This research deals with a novel sustainable architecture through future prospects for the development of this concept. ANSYS software simulation has been used for a real mosque design located in the north of Iraq as a case study. Hence the selection of mosque buildings in Sulaimaniyah city in Iraq as an applied model for the use of clean energy technologies by selecting the internal space of the building and conducting tests using solar energy and studying its impact on providing the energy needed by the building and reducing the waste in electrical energy consumption that depends on fossil resources.
This study assumes that the foundations of a novel constructed mosque can be covered with a grid of pipes distributed equally throughout the design. These pipes can be filled with hot water in winter instead of using heaters which cost a lot and consume a large amount of electricity. In addition, it shows the feasibility of using green energy as a heating unit, especially when it can cover the capital cost of installation in just one year because of the high electricity bills in Iraq and the ability to maintain solar energy.
Circ-BANP Contributes to Cell Carcinogenesis and Aerobic Glycolysis by Regulating MAPK1 Through miR-874-3p in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yunxin , Shen Kexin , Zha Hanyi , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Haishan
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCircular RNA-BTG3 associated nuclear protein (circ-BANP) was identifified to involve in cell proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aerobic glycolysis is a key metabolism mediating cancer progression. However, the role of circ-BANP on aerobic glycolysis in CRC remains unknown. MethodsThe expression of circ-BANP, microRNA (miR)-874-3p, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) mNRA was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and invasion were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay or transwell assay. Glucose consumption and lactate production were assessed by a glucose and lactate assay kit. XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to determine extracellular acidifification rate (ECAR). Western blot was used to analyze the levels of hexokinase-2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), MAPK1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transport protein 1(GLUT1), and c-Myc. The interaction between miR-874-3p and circ-BANP or MAPK1 was confifirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. In vivo experiments were conducted through the murine xenograft model. ResultsCirc-BANP was up-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Circ-BANP knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation, invasion and aerobic glycolysis in vitro as well as inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Circ-BANP was a sponge of miR-874-3p and performed anti-tumor effffects by binding to miR-874-3p in CRC cells. Subsequently, we confifirmed MAPK1 was a target of miR-874-3p and circ-BANP indirectly regulated MAPK1 expression by sponging miR-874-3p. After that, we found MAPK1 overexpression partially reversed circ-BANP deletion-mediated inhibition on cell carcinogenesis and aerobic glycolysis in CRC. ConclusionCirc-BANP accelerated cell carcinogenesis and aerobic glycolysis by regulating MAPK1 through miR- 874-3p in CRC, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment.
Folate Deficiency in Early Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Low Birth Weight: Survey of Neonates in Eastern China
Authors: Chen Yisheng , Ying Chunmei
Published: February 2021

Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of fetal mortality and morbidity. This study aims to assess the relationship between maternal serum folate levels and LBW in early pregnancy in eastern China. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including 124 newborns with LBW (born≥1500g to <2500 g) and 393 normal birth weight neonates (NBW). The maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism genotyping was performed by the gene chip hybrid method. The concentrations of serum homocysteine (hcy), folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D were measured before 18 weeks of pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of LBW. Results: After controlling the covariates, maternal underweight before pregnancy (AOR = 5.15: 95% CI 2.40, 11.05), folate deficiency in early pregnancy (AOR = 2.06: 95% CI 1.03, 4.09), preeclampsia during pregnancy (AOR = 6.02: 95% CI 2.83, 12.81), and premature delivery (AOR =23.81: 95% CI 12.90, 43.95) were risk factors for LBW. However, multipara (AOR = 0.53:95% CI 0.31, 0.91) was a protective factor for LBW. Conclusions: This study revealed different factors associated with LBW in eastern China. Sufficient folate before 18 weeks of pregnancy is a protective factor for LBW. Serum folate > 32.5 nmol/L can reduce the risk of LBW. Therefore, maternal screening of folate statue in the first trimester of pregnancy could be helpful.
Impact of GBA2 on Neuronopathic Gaucher’s Disease and α-Synuclein Accumulation in Medaka (Oryzias Latipes)
Authors: Nakanishi Etsuro , Uemura Norihito , Akiyama Hisako , Kinoshita Masato , Sawamura Masanori , Taruno Yosuke , Yamakado Hodaka , Matsuzawa Shu-ichi , Takeda Shunichi , Hirabayashi Yoshio , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: February 2021

Homozygous mutations in the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene, GBA1, cause Gaucher’s disease (GD), while heterozygous mutations in GBA1 are a strong risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), whose pathological hallmark is intraneuronal α-synuclein (asyn) aggregates. We previously reported that GBA1 knockout (KO) medaka exhibited glucosylceramide accumulation and neuronopathic GD phenotypes, including short lifespan, non-selective neuron loss, microglial activation, and swimming abnormality, with asyn accumulation in the brains. A recent study reported that deletion of GBA2, non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, in a non-neuronopathic GD mouse model rescued its phenotypes. In the present study, we generated GBA2 KO medaka and examined the effect of GBA2 deletion on the phenotypes of GBA1 KO medaka. The GBA2 deletion in GBA1 KO medaka resulted in the exacerbation of glucosylceramide accumulation and no improvement in neuronopathic GD pathological changes, asyn accumulation, or swimming abnormalities. Meanwhile, though GBA2 KO medaka did not show any apparent phenotypes, biochemical analysis revealed asyn accumulation in the brains. GBA2 KO medaka showed a trend towards an increase in sphingolipids in the brains, which is one of the possible causes of asyn accumulation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the deletion of GBA2 does not rescue the pathological changes or behavioral abnormalities of GBA1 KO medaka, and GBA2 represents a novel factor affecting asyn accumulation in the brains.
Unhealthy, Unwealthy and Left Behind – Workforce Participation and Inequality Among Older Australians
Authors: Dinh Huong , Strazdins Lyndall , Doan Tinh , Do Thuy , Yazidjoglou Amelia , Banwell Cathy
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAustralians born in 2012 can expect to live about 33 years longer than those born 100 years earlier. However, only seven of these additional years are spent in the workforce. Longer life expectancy has driven policies to extend working life and increase retirement age, the current Australian policy, which has increased the eligibility for the pension from 65 to 67 by 2023, assumes that an improvement in longevity corresponds with an improvement in health expectancy. However, there is mixed evidence of health trends in Australia over the past two decades. Although some health outcomes are improving among older age groups, many are either stable or deteriorating. This raises the question of how health trends intersect with policy for older Australians aged from 50-70. This paper considers the interplay between older workers’ health and workforce participation rates over the past 15 years when extended workforce participation has been actively encouraged. MethodsWe compared health and economic outcomes of the older people in following years with the base year (start of the study period), adjusting for some key socio-economic characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity, education and equivalized household income by applying the Random effects estimator with maximum likelihood estimation technique.Results We find that regardless of increasing longevity, the health of older adults aged between 50-70 has slightly deteriorated. In addition, health gaps between those who were working into their older age and those who were not have widened over the 15-year period. Finally, we find that widening health gaps linked to workforce participation are also accompanied by rising economic inequality in incomes, financial assets and superannuation. With the exception of a small group of healthy and very wealthy retirees, the majority of the older Australians who were not working had low incomes, assets, superannuation, and poor health.ConclusionsThe widening economic and health gap within older population over time indicates a clear and urgent need to add policy actions on income and health, to those that seek to increase workforce participation among older adults.
Frequency of Candida Spp. On the Anterior and Posterior Surfaces of Tongue Among Healthy Denture and Non-denture Wearers
Authors: Owlia Fatemeh , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , kheirollahi faraz
Published: February 2021

Background: oral Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection that could affect the oral mucosa. Studies to date did not compare the colony count of candida of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the tongue. Objectives: hence, this study was aimed to compare the Candida spp. on the anterior and posterior surfaces of tongue among healthy denture and non-denture wearers.Methods: in current cross-sectional study, oral specimens were collected from anterior and posterior tongue dorsa by swabbing for mycological examination. Samples were collected from 26 healthy denture wearers (DW) and 10 non-denture wearers (NDW). All samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (S) and chloramphenicol (SC) and chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (SCC) mediums. Isolated colonies were counted. Germ Tube test was performed to determine the albicans species. Data was collected and entered in SPSS software version 17. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparison of data due to non-compliance with normal distribution.Results: the higher density of isolated colonies were seen in denture wearer group comparing to others (P Value = 0.031). There was a significant difference between candida colonization of anterior and posterior of tongue (P Value = 0.006). C. Albicans was the most common isolated candida species.Conclusion: mycological findings of this study revealed that presence of denture can increase colonization of candida on the posterior surface of the tongue. It could be an important guide in choosing the best form for medicine management of oral candidiasis.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in Quarantined Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Mebratu abraha , Ayano Getinet , Bayissa Dereje , Getachew Abraham , Bekele Mahteme , Getnet Melsew , Seyum Melaku , Molla Atkure , Demelash Sileshi , Taddesse Gizachew , Shimels Tariku
Published: February 2021

Background: Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, different countries across the globe have been using quarantine to decrease the transmission of the disease and subsequently to minimize morbidity and associated mortality. Evidence suggests that quarantine might have a wide-ranging, substantial, and long-lasting negative psychological impact especially when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior studies that determined the prevalence and correlate of depression and anxiety in quarantined populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-section study was conducted among individuals under quarantine from June 5 to July 5, 2020. After obtaining verbal consent, data was collected face to face using the structured and self-administered hospital anxiety and depression scale instrument. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety. Binary logistic regression analysis (multivariate analysis) was used to identify the potential determinants of depression and anxiety.Result: A total of 297 participants were included in the study which makes the response rate 90.8%. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and co-morbid anxiety and depression were 21.5%, 70.7%, and 15.8% respectively. In our multivariable analyses, stressful life events (AOR 2.61, 95%CI (1.46, 4.67)), spent time on sleeping (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.08, 3.62)), and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing a glove (AOR 0.30, 95% CI (0.11, 0.81)) showed a statistically significant association with anxiety, whereas being married (AOR 2.67, 95% CI (1.37, 5.22)), had stressful life event in the last six months (AOR 1.44, 95% CI (1.44, 5.25)) and spending of time by sleeping during the quarantine (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.42, 6.19)) predicted depression.Conclusion: The current study result indicated that a considerable proportion of individuals who were under quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. The presence of stressful life events, time spent on sleeping, and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing masks were found to be significant predictors of depression or anxiety among the participants. The results suggest that attention needs to be given to mitigate mental health problems in the quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Predictors of Unacceptable Pain With and Without Low Inflammation Over 5 Years in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis - an Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Eberhard Anna , Bergman Stefan , Mandl Thomas , Olofsson Tor , Rydholm Maria , Jacobsson Lennart , Turesson Carl
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Pain is a major symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In early RA, pain is usually due to synovitis, but can also persist despite effective anti-inflammatory treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the pain course over time, and predictors of unacceptable pain and unacceptable pain with low inflammation, in patients with early RA.Methods: An inception cohort of 232 patients with early RA, recruited in 1995-2005, was followed in a structured program for 5 years. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-100). Unacceptable pain was defined as VAS pain>40 based on the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and low inflammation as CRP<10 mg/l. Baseline predictors of unacceptable pain were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Pain improved significantly during the first 6 months, but then remained basically unchanged. Thirty-four percent of the patients had unacceptable pain 5 years after inclusion. Baseline predictors of unacceptable pain after 5 years were lower swollen joint counts [Odds ratio (OR) 0.71 per standard deviation (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.99)], and higher VAS for pain and global assessment of disease activity. Unacceptable pain with low inflammation after 5 years was negatively associated with anti-CCP antibodies [OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.22–0.98)].Conclusion: Over one third of the patients had unacceptable pain 5 years after inclusion. Extensive synovitis was associated with reduced risk of unacceptable pain at 5 years, likely due to positive effects of treatment on pain related to inflammation. Non-inflammatory long-lasting pain appears to be a greater problem in anti-CCP negative patients.
Five New Species of Moelleriella With Aschersonia-like Anamorphs Infecting Scale Insects (Coccidae) in Thailand
Authors: Khonsanit Artit , Noisripoom Wasana , Mongkolsamrit Suchada , Phosrithong Natnapha , Luangsa-ard Janet Jennifer
Published: February 2021

The genus Moelleriella and its aschersonia-like anamorph mostly occur on scale insects and whiteflies. It is characterized by producing brightly colored stromata, obpyriform to subglobose perithecia, cylindrical asci, disarticulating ascospores inside the ascus and fusiform conidia, predominantly found in tropical and occasionally subtropical regions. From our surveys and collections of entomopathogenic fungi, scale insects and whiteflies pathogens were found. Investigations of morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of LSU, TEF and RPB1 were made. Five new species of Moelleriella and their aschersonia-like anamorphs are described here, including M. chiangmaiensis, M. flava, M. kanchanaburiensis, M. nanensis and M. nivea. They were found on scale insects, mostly with flat to thin, umbonate, whitish stromata. Their anamorphic and telemorphic states were mostly found on the same stroma, possessing obpyriform perithecia, cylindrical asci with disarticulating ascospores. Their conidiomata are widely open with several locules per stroma, containing cylindrical phialides and fusiform conidia. However, some specimens of M. chiangmaiensis produce hat-shaped stromata apart from the commonly found umbonate stromata, while M. flava had yellow stromata with one conidioma per stroma, and M. kanchanaburiensis was found only in its anamorphic state. Furthermore, the perithecia of M. nanensis were completely embedded in stromata as opposed to other species with semi-immersed perithecia. We also found a teleomorph link to M. sinensis, an anamorphic species reported from southeastern China.
Precise Engineering of Cisplatin Prodrug Into Supramolecular Nanoparticles: Enhanced on in Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Treatment and Care of in Vivo Renal Injury 
Authors: Zhou Zhenyun , Chen Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a widespread type of urological tumor that derives from the highly heterogeneous epithelium of the kidney tissue. For the past decade, the treatment of kidney cancer cells has changed clinical care for RCC. Herein, we present a very easy and cost-effective method that incorporates tumor-specific targeting supramolecular nanoassembly, and therapeutically to overcome the different challenges raised by the distribution of the pharmaceutical potential anticancer drug Cisplatin (CIS-PT). On covalent conjugations of hydrophobic linoleic acid by carboxylic group, the CIS-PT prodrugs were skilled in impulsively nanoassembly into extremely steady nanoparticles size (~100 nm). Electron microscopic techniques have verified the newly synthesized morphology of CIS-PT-NPs. The anticancer properties of CIS-PT and CIS-PT-NPs against Caki-1 and A-498 (renal carcinoma) cancer cell lines have been evaluated after successful synthesis. Other research, such as dual staining acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst 33344 and flow cytometry study on the apoptosis mechanisms, have shown that proliferation in renal cancer cells is associated with apoptosis. Further the In vivo toxicity results displays the CIS-PT-NPs remarkably alleviated the toxicity of the potential anticancer drug CIS-PT In vivo while conserving the Pharmaceutical activity. Compared to CIS-PT, CIS-PT-NPs demonstrate excellent In vitro and In vivo property, this study clarified the CIS-PT-NPs as a healthy and positive RCC care chemotherapeutics technique and deserve further clinical evaluations.
Associations of Genetic Variants of miRNA Coding Regions With Pulmonary Tuberculosis Risk in China
Authors: Zhang Mingwu , Liu Zhengwei , Zhu Yelei , Chen SongHua , Chen Bin , Wang Xiaomeng
Published: February 2021

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death caused by single pathogenic microorganism of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB). The study aims to explore the associations of microRNA (miRNA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with pulmonary TB (PTB) risk. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted, and 168 newly diagnosed smear-positive PTB cases and 251 non-TB controls were recruited. SNPs located within miR-27a (rs895819), miR-423 (rs6505162), miR-196a-2 (rs11614913), miR-146a (rs2910164), miR-618 (rs2682818) were selected and MassARRAY® MALDI-TOF System was employed for genotyping. SPSS19.0 was adopted for statistical analysis, non-conditional logistic regression was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs) were computed to estimate the associations. Associations of haplotypes with PTB risk was performed with online tool. Results Rs895819 CT/CC genotype was associated with reduced PTB risk among female population (OR= 0.45, 95%CI: 0.23-0.98), p=0.045. Haplotypes (Combined with rs895819, rs2682818, rs2910164, rs6505162 and rs11614913) TCCCT, TAGCC, CCCCC, CCGCT and TCGAT were associated with reduced PTB risk and the ORs were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.45-0.99), 0.49 (0.25-0.94), 0.34 (95%CI: 0.14-0.81), 0.22 (95%CI: 0.06-0.84) and 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07-0.79)，respectively; while the haplotypes of TAGCT, CCCCT, CACCT and TCCAT were associated with increased PTB risk, and the ORs were 3.63 (95%CI: 1.54-8.55), 2.20 (95%CI: 1.00-4.86), 3.90 (95%CI: 1.47-10.36) and 2.95 (95%CI: 1.09-7.99), respectively. Conclusions Rs895819 CT/CC genotype was associated with reduced female PTB risk and haplotype TCCCT, TAGCC, CCCCC, CCGCT and TCGAT were associated with reduced PTB risk, while TAGCT, CCCCT, CACCT and TCCAT were associated with increased risk.
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Unexplained, Severe ARDS – A Single Center Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Eisenmann Stephan , Lambrecht Nina , Dießel Linda , Busse Christin , Nuding Sebastian , Vogt Alexander
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of severe respiratory impairment. It needs a correct characterization which often is challenging. Additional surgical lung biopsy was previously reported to be of additive value. In severe and unexplained ARDS we tried to define an additional diagnostic benefit of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB). Method: We retrospectively collected data of TBCB in unexplained ARDS, whether with or without ECMO-support. TBCB was performed in one segment, that was prophylactically occluded by Watanabe spigot or swab after the procedure. Histology results and their contribution to further therapeutic decisions were analyzed. Results: Between 2019 and 2020 TBCB was performed in six patients. Decision for the intervention was decided in multidisciplinary discussion before. Three patients were treated with ECMO. The median duration of invasive ventilation before TBCB was 24 days. Histology revealed four diffuses alveolar damage, one acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia and one cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. All results contributed to the decision of further management. While no pneumothorax or severe endobronchial bleeding occurred, two delayed hematothoraces needed surgical treatment. No patients died due to TBCB.Conclusion: TBCB is feasible in ARDS even during ECMO treatment. Histologic results can play a significant role in therapeutic and ethic discussion to guide the patients’ path. Side effects should be considered and monitored.
The synergistic effect of vitamin D supplement and mindfulness on insulin resistance and different aspects of cognitive function in vitamin D deficient type 2 diabetic mellitus women: A pilot randomized clinical trial with placebo-controlled
Authors: davoudi mohammadreza , Rezaie Parnian , Ahmadi Seyed Mojtaba , Djafari Farhang , khosrojerdi zeinab
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the synergistic effect of Vitamin D (VD) supplement and mindfulness on insulin resistance and different aspects of cognitive function in VD deficient type 2 diabetic women.
Methods

In this randomized-controlled trial, totally 225 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and VD deficiency were randomly allocated to five groups: (1) mindfulness, (2) mindfulness and VD, (3) mindfulness and placebo, (4) VD, and (5) placebo. Mindfulness includes 12 sessions and VD patients received a daily 4000 IU oral dosage (two capsules) with 28,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 12 weeks. Sun exposure, anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, energy levels, and laboratory analyses were measured at the pre-test and after 12-week supplementation. Dependent variables include cognitive function (Risky decision making, IQ and Trail Making Test) and insulin resistance.
Results

In baseline, measures were not different among the groups. At the end of the treatment, cognitive function results showed improvement for all groups except the “placebo” group. About other groups, there was not any differences between VD and mindfulness groups (or combinations with placebo). However, in “VITAMIN + MINDFULNESS” group, a greater improvement compared to other groups was observed (P < 0.05). This result exactly repeated for insulin resistance. Furthermore, there were not any significant difference among groups for IQ (as one aspect of cognitive function) (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was not any differences among groups for sunlight exposure and BMI (P > 0.05). Only in combined group (VD + Mindfulness) the fasting blood sugar (FBS) significantly reduced that shows the synergistic effect of VD supplementation and Mindfulness (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Combining VD Supplementation and mindfulness can reduce insulin resistance and improve different aspects of cognitive function in VD Deficient patients.
Prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors of carotid plaque in rural-dwelling adults: a population-based study in Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xiang Yuanyuan , Ji Xiaokang , Sang Shaowei , Shao Sai , Wang Xiang , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Guangbin , Lv Ming , Xue Fuzhong , Du Yifeng , Sun QinJian
Published: February 2021

Background

The association between carotid plaque (CP) and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) remains elusive. And few studies focus on CRFs associated with multiple CPs and irregular CP. We aimed to investigate CRFs associated with the presence, number and irregular surface morphology of CP in rural-dwelling Chinese population.
Methods

This population-based study included 2021 participants who were aged ≥ 40 and free of stroke. Data were collected via interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. Carotid plaque was estimated by ultrasonography. Binary logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze data.
Results

Of the 2021 participants, 774 (38.3%) were detected with CP. The multi-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CP was 1.75 (1.40–2.19) for hypertension, 1.62 (1.03–2.55) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 1.55 (1.20–2.01) for high hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 1.41 (1.07–1.87) for diabetes mellitus (DM), 1.39 (1.00-1.93) for high total cholesterol and 1.38 (1.03–1.85) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). When the number and surface morphology of CP were analyzed, hypertension, high hs-CRP, DM and high LDL-C were associated with multiple CPs; hypertension, high hs-CRP and high total cholesterol were associated with irregular CP.
Conclusions

Carotid plaque is common amongst middle-aged and older people living in rural China. Hypertension, low HDL-C, high hs-CRP, DM, high total cholesterol and high LDL-C may be associated independently with CP.
Chronic Inflammation on Prostate Needle Biopsy as a Significant Predictor of the Lower Incidence Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: zhou jiatong , sun guangyu , liu ranlu
Published: February 2021

Purpose: At present, there is no clear relationship between prostatitis and prostate cancer(PCa). Therefore, in order to further understand the inflammation of prostate tissue and the occurrence of PCa, we conducted this study.Method: A total of 686 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent prostate biopsy in our hospital. A retrospective analysis of the biopsy results was performed to assess the assocition between chronic inflammation and the risk of PCa.Result: Of the 686 patients, 354 were diagnosed with PCa, and 332 were benign. A total of 403 patients had prostate inflammation. PCa patients had lower prostate volume and transition zone volume than benign group(p＜0.001). Compared with benign group, PCa patients had lower PSA and PSA density (PSAD)(p＜0.001). We also found that the probability of inflammation in PCa patients is lower than that in the benign group (p＜0.001). In multivariate analyses, chronic inflammation was negatively correlated with the incidence of PCa（OR=0.80; p=0.015). Conclusion: Chronic inflammation in biopsy tissue might serve as a predicted factor for low incidence risk of PCa.
Changes in soil carbon sequestration and emission in different succession stages of biological soil crusts in a sand-binding area
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Jing , Zhang Xin , Wang Chenglong
Published: February 2021

Background

We investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and soil methane (CH4)-flux during biological soil crust (BSC) deposition in a sand-binding area in the eastern Chinese Hobq Desert. The trends in soil organic carbon (C) content and density were analyzed during this process. The sampling sites comprised a mobile dune (control) and those with algal, lichen, and moss crust-fixed sands. The desert soil CO2 and CH4-flux, temperature, and water content were measured from May to October in 2017 and 2018. Simultaneously, organic C content and density were measured and analyzed by stratification.
Results

The spatio-temporal variation in desert soil CO2-flux was apparent. The average CO2- fluxes in the control, algal, lichen, and moss sites were 1.67, 2.61, 5.83, and 6.84 mmol·m− 2·h− 1, respectively, during the growing season, and the average CH4-fluxes in the four sites were − 1.13, -1.67, -3.66, and − 3.77 µmol·m− 2·h− 1, respectively. Soil temperature was significantly positively correlated with CO2-flux but could not influence CH4 absorption, and C flux had minimal correlation with soil water content. The soil total organic C density at all sites was significantly different and decreased as follows: moss > lichen > algal > control; moreover, it decreased with soil depth at all sites. The accumulation of desert soil organic C could enhance soil C emissions.
Conclusion

In a semi-arid deserts, artificial planting could promote sand fixation and BSC succession; therefore, increasing the C storage capacity of desert soils and decreasing soil C emissions could alter the C cycle pattern in desert ecosystems. Soil temperature is the major factor controlling desert soil CO2 flux and vegetation restoration, and BSC development could alter the response patterns of C emissions to moisture conditions in desert soils. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the C cycle in desert ecosystems.