bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen–Specific Systemic Immune Responses in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Reversal After Recovery
Authors: Kumar Nathella Pavan , Venkataraman Aishwarya , Nancy Arul , Moideen Kadar , Varadarjan Poovazhagi , Selladurai Elilarasi , Sangaralingam Thankgavelu , Selvam Ramya , Thimmaiah Akshith , Natarajan Suresh , Ramasamy Ganesh , Hissar Syed , Radayam Ranganathan Umadevi , Babu Subash
Published: August 2022

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with inflammation and pathology of multiple organs in the pediatric population in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods

We characterized the SARS-CoV-2 antigen–specific cytokine and chemokine responses in children with MIS-C, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and other infectious diseases.

Results

MIS-C is characterized by elevated levels of type 1 (interferon-γ, interleukin [IL] 2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-13), type 17 (IL-17), and other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in comparison to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2–specific antigens. Similarly, upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 chemokines were significantly elevated in children with MIS-C in comparison to the other 2 groups. Principal component analysis based on these cytokines and chemokines could clearly distinguish MIS-C from both COVID-19 and other infections. In addition, these responses were significantly diminished and normalized 6–9 months after recovery.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that MIS-C is characterized by an enhanced production of cytokines and chemokines that may be associated with disease pathogenesis.
Length of Stay Per Total Body Surface Area Burn: A Validation Study Using the National Burn Registry
Authors: Patterson Kelli N , Onwuka Amanda , Schwartz Dana M , Fabia Renata B , Thakkar Rajan K
Published: August 2022

A length of stay (LOS) of one day per percent total body surface area (TBSA) burn has been generally accepted but not validated in current pediatric burn studies. The primary objective of this study is to validate previous Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaboration (PIQIC) findings by using a national burn registry to evaluate LOS per TBSA burn relative to burn mechanism, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical factors which influence this ratio. We evaluated patients 0–18 years old who sustained a burn injury and whose demographics were submitted to the National Burn Registry (NBR) dataset from July 2008 through June 2018. Mixed effects generalized additive regression models were performed to identify characteristics associated with the LOS per TBSA burn ratio. Among 51,561 pediatric burn patients, 45% were Non-Hispanic White, 58% were male, and median age was 3.0 years old (IQR: 1.0, 9.0). The most common burn mechanism was scald (55.9%). The median LOS per TBSA burn ratio across all cases was 0.9 (IQR: 0.4, 1.75). In adjusted models, scald burns had a mean predicted LOS per TBSA burn value of 1.2 while chemical burns had the highest ratio (4.8). Non-Hispanic White patients had lower LOS per TBSA burn ratios than all other races and ethnicities (p < .05). These data substantiate evidence on variance in LOS per TBSA burn relative to burn mechanism and race/ethnicity. Knowing these variations can guide expectations in hospital LOS for patients and families and help burn centers benchmark their clinical performance.
Extensive genome introgression between domestic ferret and European polecat during population recovery in Great Britain
Authors: Etherington Graham J , Ciezarek Adam , Shaw Rebecca , Michaux Johan , Croose Elizabeth , Haerty Wilfried , Di Palma Federica
Published: August 2022

The European polecat (Mustela putorius) is a mammalian predator which occurs across much of Europe east to the Ural Mountains. In Great Britain, following years of persecution the range of the European polecat contracted and by the early 1900s was restricted to unmanaged forests of central Wales. The European polecat has recently undergone a population increase due to legal protection and its range now overlaps that of feral domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). During this range expansion, European polecats hybridized with feral domestic ferrets producing viable offspring. Here, we carry out population-level whole-genome sequencing on 8 domestic ferrets, 19 British European polecats, and 15 European polecats from the European mainland. We used a range of population genomics methods to examine the data, including phylogenetics, phylogenetic graphs, model-based clustering, phylogenetic invariants, ABBA-BABA tests, topology weighting, and Fst. We found high degrees of genome introgression in British polecats outside their previous stronghold, even in those individuals phenotyped as “pure” polecats. These polecats ranged from presumed F1 hybrids (gamma = 0.53) to individuals that were much less introgressed (gamma = 0.2). We quantify this introgression and find introgressed genes containing Fst outliers associated with cognitive function and sight.
Dynamic analysis of the single rotor-bearing system considering the comprehensive stiffness and damping
Authors: Ri CholUk , O RyongSik , Zhao Qiang , Chae ChungHyok , Sin YongIl , Sin Yongkon
Published: August 2022

The rotor system supported by the cylindrical roller bearings is widely used in various fields, such as aviation, space and machinery due to its importance. In study of the analysis of the vibration characteristics of the rotor system, it is important to accurately calculate the stiffness and damping of the cylindrical roller bearings. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the simple rotor-bearing system were analyzed based on the new dynamic model of the rotor system considering the comprehensive stiffness and damping model of the cylindrical roller bearing. In consideration of the radial clearance of the cylindrical roller bearing, the radial load acting on the cylindrical roller bearing is derived and based on this, the Hertz contact stiffness model of the cylindrical roller bearing is obtained. After obtaining the oil film stiffness model of the cylindrical roller bearing according to the EHL theory, the comprehensive stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearing was calculated by combining the Hertz contact stiffness and the oil film stiffness of the cylindrical roller bearing. After a comprehensive damping model of the cylindrical roller bearing considering the radial clearance was created, a dynamic model of the simple rotor-bearing system was created based on the comprehensive stiffness and damping model of the cylindrical roller bearing. The dynamic characteristics of the simple rotor-bearing system were analyzed using the MATLAB program. The amplitude of the simple rotor-bearing system considering the comprehensive stiffness and damping was reduced by 18.2% compared to the case where it was not considered. This shows that the structure of the cylindrical roller bearing has a restraining effect on the unbalanced response of the rotor system.
Doxycycline responding illnesses in returning travellers with undifferentiated non-malaria fever: a European multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Camprubí-Ferrer Daniel , Oteo José Antonio , Bottieau Emmanuel , Genton Blaise , Balerdi-Sarasola Leire , Portillo Aránzazu , Cobuccio Ludovico , Van Den Broucke Steven , Santibáñez Sonia , Cadar Dániel , Rodriguez-Valero Natalia , Almuedo-Riera Alex , Subirà Carme , d'Acremont Valérie , Martinez Miguel J , Roldán Montserrat , Navero-Castillejos Jessica , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Muñoz Jose
Published: August 2022

Background

Diagnosis of undifferentiated non-malaria fevers (NMF) in returning travellers is a great challenge. Currently, there is no consensus about the use of empirical antibiotics in returning travellers with undifferentiated NMF. Although studies in endemic areas showed that a wide range of pathogens implicated in undifferentiated NMF are treatable with doxycycline, the role of doxycycline in returning travellers with fever still has to be explored.

Methods

Prospective European multicentre cohort study of febrile international travellers (November 2017—November 2019). Immunological and molecular diagnostic techniques for doxycycline responding illnesses (DRI) agents such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, spotted fever group Rickettsia spp., typhus group Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp., Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia recurrentis and Leptospira spp. were systematically performed in all patients with undifferentiated NMF. We estimated the prevalence and predictive factors of DRI in returning travellers with undifferentiated NMF.

Results

Among 347 travellers with undifferentiated NMF, 106 (30·5%) were finally diagnosed with DRI. Only 57 (53·8%) of the 106 DRI infections were diagnosed by the standard of care. The main causes of DRI were: 55 (51·9%) Rickettsia spp., 16 (15·1%) C. burnetii; 15 (14·2%) Bartonella spp.; 13 (12·3%) Leptospira spp. and 10 (9·5%) A. phagocytophilum. The only predictive factor associated with DRI was presenting an eschar (aOR 39·52, 95%CI 4·85–322·18). Features of dengue such as retro-orbital pain (aOR 0·40, 95%CI 0·21–0·76) and neutropenia (aOR 0·41, 95%CI 0·21–0·79) were negatively associated with DRI.

Conclusions

Although DRI are responsible for 30% of undifferentiated NMF cases in travellers, those are seldom recognized during the first clinical encounter. Empirical treatment with doxycycline should be considered in returning travellers with undifferentiated fever and negative tests for malaria and dengue, particularly when presenting severe illness, predictive factors for rickettsiosis or no features of dengue.
Revealing the dust grain polarization properties as a function of extinction and distance towards NGC 1893
Authors: Bijas N , Eswaraiah Chakali , Wang Jia-Wei , Jose Jessy , Chen Wen-Ping , Li Di , Lai Shih-Ping , Ojha D K
Published: August 2022

Dust polarization observations at optical wavelengths help us to understand the dust grain properties and trace the plane-of-the-sky component of the magnetic field. In this study, we make use of the I-band polarization data acquired from AIMPOL along with the distances (d) and extinction (AV) data to study the variation of polarization fraction (P) as a function of AV and d towards the star-forming region, NGC 1893. We employ a broken power-law fit and Bayesian analysis on extinction (AV) versus polarization efficiency (P/AV) and distance (d) versus rate of polarization (P/d). We find that P/AV shows a break at an extinction of ∼0.9 mag, whereas P/d exhibits a break at a distance of ∼1.5 kpc. Based on these, we categorize the dust towards NGC 1893 into two populations: (i) foreground dust confined to AV < ∼1 mag and distance up to ∼2 kpc and (ii) Perseus spiral arm dust towards NGC 1893 characterized with AV > ∼1 mag and distance beyond ∼2 kpc. Foreground dust exhibits higher polarization efficiency but a lower polarization rate, whereas Perseus dust shows a lower polarization efficiency but a slightly higher polarization rate. Hence, we suggest that while polarization efficiency reveals the dust grain alignment, the rate of polarization infers about the distribution of dust grains towards NGC 1893. Further, we also shed a light on the spatial variation of intrinsic polarization and magnetic field orientation, and other parameters within the intracluster medium of NGC 1893.
Visualizing the pulsar population using graph theory
Authors: García C R , Torres Diego F , Patruno Alessandro
Published: August 2022

The $P\dot{P}$ diagram is a cornerstone of pulsar research. It is used in multiple ways for classifying the population, understanding evolutionary tracks, identifying issues in our theoretical reach, and more. However, we have been looking at the same plot for more than five decades. A fresh appraisal may be healthy. Is the $P \dot{P}$-diagram the most useful or complete way to visualize the pulsars we know? Here we pose a fresh look at the information we have on the pulsar population. First, we use principal component analysis over magnitudes depending on the intrinsic pulsar’s timing properties (proxies to relevant physical pulsar features), to analyse whether the information contained by the pulsar’s period and period derivative is enough to describe the variety of the pulsar population. Even when the variables of interest depend on P and $\dot{P}$, we show that $P \dot{P}$ are not principal components. Thus, any distance ranking or visualization based only on P and $\dot{P}$ is potentially misleading. Next, we define and compute a properly normalized distance to measure pulsar nearness, calculate the minimum spanning tree of the population, and discuss possible applications. The pulsar tree hosts information about pulsar similarities that go beyond P and $\dot{P}$, and are thus naturally difficult to read from the $P\dot{P}$-diagram. We use this work to introduce the pulsar tree website containing visualization tools and data to allow users to gather information in terms of MST and distance ranking.
Detectability of satellites around directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarfs
Authors: Lazzoni Cecilia , Desidera Silvano , Gratton Raffaele , Zurlo Alice , Mesa Dino , Ray Shrishmoy
Published: August 2022

Satellites around substellar companions are a heterogeneous class of objects with a variety of different formation histories. Focusing on potentially detectable satellites around exoplanets and brown dwarfs (BDs), we might expect to find objects belonging to two main populations: planet-like satellites similar to Titan or the Galileian Satellites – likely formed within the scope of core accretion; and binary-like objects, formed within different scenarios, such as disc instability. The properties of these potential satellites would be very different from each other. Additionally, we expect that their characterization would provide insightful information about the history of the system. This is particularly important for planets/BDs discovered via direct imaging (DI) with ambiguous origins. In this paper, we review different techniques, applied to DI planets/BDs, that can be used to discover such satellites. This was achieved by simulating a population of satellites around the exoplanet β Pic b, which served as a test case. For each simulated satellite, the amplitude of DI, radial velocity, transit and astrometric signals, with respect to the planet, were retrieved and compared with the detection limits of current and future instruments. Furthermore, we compiled a list of 38 substellar companions discovered via DI to give a preliminary estimate on the probability of finding satellites extracted from the two populations mentioned above, with different techniques. This simplified approach shows that detection of planet-like satellites, though not strictly impossible, is very improbable. On the other hand, the detection of binary-like satellites is within the capabilities of current instrumentation.
The pre-He white dwarfs in eclipsing binaries – IV. WASP 1814+48 with multiperiodic pulsations
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Kim Hye-Young , Park Jang-Ho
Published: August 2022

For the EL CVn candidate 1SWASPJ181417.43+481117.0 (WASP 1814+48), we secured the first spectroscopic observations between 2015 April and 2021 March. Using the echelle spectra, the radial velocities (RVs) of the primary star were measured with its atmospheric parameters of Teff, 1 = 7770 ± 130 K and $v$1sin i = 47 ± 6 km s−1. We fitted our single-lined RVs and the TESS light curve simultaneously. From the binary modelling, we determined the following fundamental parameters for each component: M1 = 1.659 ± 0.048 M⊙, R1 = 1.945 ± 0.027 R⊙, and L1 = 12.35 ± 0.90 L⊙ for WASP 1814+48 A, and M2 = 0.172 ± 0.005 M⊙, R2 = 0.194 ± 0.005 R⊙, and L2 = 0.69 ± 0.07 L⊙ for WASP 1814+48 B. The surface gravity of log g2 = 5.098 ± 0.026 obtained from M2 and R2 is concurrent with 5.097 ± 0.025 computed directly from the observable quantities. WASP 1814+48 B is well matched with the 0.176-M⊙ white dwarf (WD) evolutionary model for Z = 0.01. The metallicity and our Galactic kinematics indicate that the program target is a thin-disc star. The whole light residuals after the removal of the binary trend were analysed and found to oscillate at a total of 52 frequencies. Among these, most of the low frequencies below 24 d−1 are aliases and orbital harmonics. The five significant frequencies between 32 and 36 d−1 are the pulsation modes of WASP 1814+48 A located in the δ Sct domain on the zero-age main sequence, and the high frequencies of 128–288 d−1 arise from WASP 1814+48 B in the pre-He WD instability strip. Our results reveal that WASP 1814+48 is the fifth EL CVn star that is composed of a δ Sct-type primary and a pre-ELMV (extremely low-mass pre-He WD variable).
A multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar NVSS J141922−083830 covering four flaring episodes
Authors: Buckley D A H , Britto R J , Chandra S , Krushinsky V , Böttcher M , Razzaque S , Lipunov V , Stalin C S , Gorbovskoy E , Tiurina N , Vlasenko D , Kniazev A
Published: August 2022

We present multiwavelength observations and a model for flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) NVSS J141922−083830, originally classified as a blazar candidate of unknown type (BCU II object) in the Third Fermi-LAT AGN Catalog. Relatively bright flares (>3 magnitudes) were observed on 2015 February 21 (MJD 57074) and 2018 September 8 (MJD 58369) in the optical band with the MASTER Global Robotic Nettelescopes. Optical spectra obtained with the Southern African Large Telescopeon 2015 March 1 (MJD 57082), during outburst, and on 2017 May 30 (MJD 57903), during quiescence, showed emission lines at 5325 Å and at ≈3630 Å that we identified as the Mg ii 2798 Å and C iii] 1909 Å lines, respectively, and hence derived a redshift $z$ = 0.903. Analysis of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) data was performed in the quiescent regime (5 yr of data) and during four prominent flaring states in 2014 February–April, 2014 October–November, 2015 February–March, and 2018 September. We present spectral and timing analysis with Fermi-LAT. We report a hardening of the gamma-ray spectrum during the last three flaring periods, with a power-law spectral index Γ = 2.0–2.1. The maximum gamma-ray flux level was observed on 2014 October 24 (MJD 56954) at (7.57 ± 1.83) × 10−7 ph cm−2 s−1. The multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) during the 2015 February–March flare supports the earlier evidence of this blazar to belong to the FSRQ class. The SED can be well represented with a single-zone leptonic model with parameters typical of FSRQs, but also a hadronic origin of the high-energy emission cannot be ruled out.
The ‘Giraffe’: discovery of a stripped red giant in an interacting binary with an ∼2 M⊙ lower giant
Authors: Jayasinghe T , Thompson Todd A , Kochanek C S , Stanek K Z , Rowan D M , Martin D V , El-Badry Kareem , Vallely P J , Hinkle J T , Huber D , Isaacson H , Tayar J , Auchettl K , Ilyin I , Howard A W , Badenes C
Published: August 2022

We report the discovery of a stripped giant + lower giant Algol-type binary, 2M04123153+6738486 (2M0412), identified during a search for non-interacting compact object – star binaries. 2M0412 is an evolved (Teff, giant ≃ 4000 K), luminous (Lgiant ≃ 150 L⊙) red giant in a circular P = 81.2 d binary. 2M0412 is a known variable star previously classified as a semiregular variable. The cross-correlation functions of follow-up Keck/HIRES and LBT/Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) spectra show an radial velocity variable second component with implied mass ratio q = Mgiant/Mcomp ≃ 0.20 ± 0.01. The All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), Transiting Exoplanet Survey Telescope ( TESS), and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) light curves show that the giant is a Roche lobe filling ellipsoidal variable with an inclination of 49.4 ± 0.3°, and a giant mass of Mgiant = 0.38 ± 0.01 M⊙ for a distance of ≃ 3.7 kpc. The mass of the giant indicates that its envelope has been partially stripped. The giant companion on the lower red giant branch has a mass of Mcomp = 1.91 ± 0.03 M⊙ with Teff, comp ≃ 5000 K, Lcomp ≃ 60 L⊙, and Rcomp ≃ 11 R⊙. The lower giant contributes ${\sim }35{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the flux in the V band. We also identify an orbital phase dependent, broad $\rm H\,\alpha$ emission line which could indicate ongoing accretion from the stripped red giant on to the companion.
Effect of radiation drag on the line-force-driven winds
Authors: Wang Bei-Chuan , Yang Xiao-Hong , Bu De-Fu , Huang Shu-Su
Published: August 2022

Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) with mildly relativistic velocities are measured using the X-ray spectra of radio-quiet and -loud active galactic nuclei. In general, UFOs are believed to be generated from the accretion disc around a black hole. A line-force driving model is suggested to be the mechanism to drive UFOs from the accretion disc. In this paper, we use the non-hydrodynamic approach to examine the influences of radiation-drag effects on the line-force-driven winds generated from the accretion disc. We find that the radiation-drag effects can significantly weaken the line-force-driven winds. Compared with the case without the radiation-drag effects, when the radiation-drag effects are considered, the maximum speed of winds is reduced by ∼60 per cent–70 per cent, the mass outflow rate is reduced by ∼50 per cent–80 per cent, and the kinetic power is reduced by about an order of magnitude. The radiation-drag effects narrow the area where the winds are generated.
Systematic light-curve modelling of TDEs: statistical differences between the spectroscopic classes
Authors: Nicholl Matt , Lanning Daniel , Ramsden Paige , Mockler Brenna , Lawrence Andy , Short Phil , Ridley Evan J
Published: August 2022

With the sample of observed tidal disruption events (TDEs) now reaching several tens, distinct spectroscopic classes have emerged: TDEs with only hydrogen lines (TDE-H), only helium lines (TDE-He), or hydrogen in combination with He ii and often N iii/O iii (TDE-H + He). Here, we model the light curves of 32 optically bright TDEs using the Modular Open Source Fitter for Transients (mosfit) to estimate physical and orbital properties, and look for statistical differences between the spectroscopic classes. For all types, we find a shallow distribution of star masses, compared to a typical initial mass function, in the range ∼0.1–1 M⊙, and no TDEs with very deep encounters. Our main result is that TDE-H events appear to come from less complete disruptions (and possibly lower SMBH masses) than TDE-H+He, with TDE-He events fully disrupted. We also find that TDE-H events have more extended photospheres, in agreement with recent literature, and argue that this could be a consequence of differences in the self-intersection radii of the debris streams. Finally, we identify an approximately linear correlation between black hole mass and radiative efficiency. We suggest that TDE-H may be powered by collision-induced outflows at relatively large radii, while TDE-H + He could result from prompt accretion discs, formed more efficiently in closer encounters around more massive SMBHs.
Cosmological simulations with rare and frequent dark matter self-interactions
Authors: Fischer Moritz S , Brüggen Marcus , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai , Dolag Klaus , Kahlhoefer Felix , Ragagnin Antonio , Robertson Andrew
Published: August 2022

Dark matter (DM) with self-interactions is a promising solution for the small-scale problems of the standard cosmological model. Here we perform the first cosmological simulation of frequent DM self-interactions, corresponding to small-angle DM scatterings. The focus of our analysis lies in finding and understanding differences to the traditionally assumed rare DM (large-angle) self-scatterings. For this purpose, we compute the distribution of DM densities, the matter power spectrum, the two-point correlation function, and the halo and subhalo mass functions. Furthermore, we investigate the density profiles of the DM haloes and their shapes. We find that overall large-angle and small-angle scatterings behave fairly similarly with a few exceptions. In particular, the number of satellites is considerably suppressed for frequent compared to rare self-interactions with the same cross-section. Overall, we observe that while differences between the two cases may be difficult to establish using a single measure, the degeneracy may be broken through a combination of multiple ones. For instance, the combination of satellite counts with halo density or shape profiles could allow discriminating between rare and frequent self-interactions. As a by-product of our analysis, we provide – for the first time – upper limits on the cross-section for frequent self-interactions.
Solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidal variations in TESS observations of the binary 12 Boötis
Authors: Ball Warrick H , Miglio Andrea , Chaplin William J , Stassun Keivan G , García Rafael , González-Cuesta Lucia , Mathur Savita , Appourchaux Thierry , Benomar Othman , Buzasi Derek L , Jiang (姜晨) Chen , Kayhan Cenk , Örtel Sibel , Çelik Orhan Zeynep , Yıldız Mutlu , Ong (王加冕) J M Joel , Basu Sarbani
Published: August 2022

Binary stars in which oscillations can be studied in either or both components can provide powerful constraints on our understanding of stellar physics. The bright binary 12 Boötis (12 Boo) is a particularly promising system because the primary is roughly 60 per cent brighter than the secondary despite being only a few per cent more massive. Both stars have substantial surface convection zones and are therefore, presumably, solar-like oscillators. We report here the first detection of solar-like oscillations and ellipsoidal variations in the TESS light curve of 12 Boo. Though the solar-like oscillations are not clear enough to unambiguously measure individual mode frequencies, we combine global asteroseismic parameters and a precise fit to the spectral energy distribution (SED) to provide new constraints on the properties of the system that are several times more precise than values in the literature. The SED fit alone provides new effective temperatures, luminosities, and radii of $6115\pm 45\, \mathrm{K}$, $7.531\pm 0.110\, \mathrm{L}_\odot$, and $2.450\pm 0.045\, \mathrm{R}_\odot$ for 12 Boo A and $6200\pm 60\, \mathrm{K}$, $4.692\pm 0.095\, \mathrm{L}_\odot$, and $1.901\pm 0.045\, \mathrm{R}_\odot$ for 12 Boo B. When combined with our asteroseismic constraints on 12 Boo A, we obtain an age of $2.67^{+0.12}_{-0.16}\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, which is consistent with that of 12 Boo B.
Gravitationally lensed orphan afterglows of gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Gao Hao-Xuan , Geng Jin-Jun , Hu Lei , Hu Mao-Kai , Lan Guang-Xuan , Chang Chen-Ming , Zhang Song-Bo , Zhang Xiao-Li , Huang Yong-Feng , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: August 2022

The cosmological nature of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) implies that a small portion of them could be gravitationally lensed by foreground objects during their propagation. The gravitational lensing effect on the GRB prompt emission and on-axis afterglows has been discussed, and some candidates have been found in the literature. In this work, considering the high detection rate of GRB orphan afterglows in future wide-field survey era, we investigate the gravitationally lensed orphan afterglows in view of three lens models, i.e. the point-mass model, the singular isothermal sphere model, and the Chang–Refsdal model. The structure of the GRB jet itself is also incorporated in calculating the lensed afterglow light curves. It is found that lensed optical/X-ray orphan afterglows in principle could be diagnosed through their temporal characteristics, and the optical band is the best band to observe the galaxy-lensed orphan afterglows. Moreover, the event rate for galaxy-lensed orphan afterglows is estimated to be ≲ 1.8 yr−1 for the whole sky. If most orphan afterglows could be identified (from other transients in the survey data), the optimistic detection rates of the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope of China and 8.4 m Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time for galaxy-lensed orphan afterglows in the optical band are ≲ 0.01–0.02 and ≲ 0.04–0.08 yr−1, respectively.
The spectral analysis of GRB 150902A and the nature of its outflow
Authors: Nawaz Alina , Sajjad Saeeda
Published: August 2022

The degree of magnetization of the jets remains an important question in Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) physics. The magnetization at a large distance from the initial radius also determines whether the process for non-thermal prompt emission is magnetic reconnection or internal shocks. In this article, we aim to address these questions for GRB 150902A. We carry out the spectral analysis of GRB 150902A between 8 keV and 100 GeV with the data from the Fermi Gamma-ray SpaceTelescope. In both the time-integrated and time-resolved analyses, we find that the fit of the spectrum is significantly improved by the addition of a sub-dominant black-body component to the Band function. These results allow us to study and constrain the properties of the outflow. In particular, we consider different values of the efficiency of the non-thermal emission process fNT and evaluate possible ranges of the initial fraction of power in thermal form ϵTh for different initial radii. We find that GRB 150902A has a strong magnetic component in the initial outflow, such that ϵTh ≤ 0.5. Small values of the initial radius tend to favour internal shocks; high efficiency magnetic reconnection is completely excluded and relatively low efficiency magnetic reconnection is only possible if the outflow is almost entirely accelerated thermally. For larger initial radii, ϵTh ≪ 0.5 such that the outflow is dominated by the magnetic component initially. Such initial radii allow for the non-thermal emission process to be either magnetic reconnection or internal shocks, depending on the efficiency of the acceleration by the magnetic component.
TimeTree 5: An Expanded Resource for Species Divergence Times
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Suleski Michael , Craig Jack M , Kasprowicz Adrienne E , Sanderford Maxwell , Li Michael , Stecher Glen , Hedges S Blair
Published: August 2022

We present the fifth edition of the TimeTree of Life resource (TToL5), a product of the timetree of life project that aims to synthesize published molecular timetrees and make evolutionary knowledge easily accessible to all. Using the TToL5 web portal, users can retrieve published studies and divergence times between species, the timeline of a species’ evolution beginning with the origin of life, and the timetree for a given evolutionary group at the desired taxonomic rank. TToL5 contains divergence time information on 137,306 species, 41% more than the previous edition. The TToL5 web interface is now Americans with Disabilities Act-compliant and mobile-friendly, a result of comprehensive source code refactoring. TToL5 also offers programmatic access to species divergence times and timelines through an application programming interface, which is accessible at timetree.temple.edu/api. TToL5 is publicly available at timetree.org.
Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 on Changes in Volume Sales of Cigars, Smokeless Tobacco Products, Pipe, and Roll-your-own Tobacco in the United States
Authors: Agaku Israel T , Nkosi Lungile , Erim Daniel
Published: August 2022

Introduction

We examined the potential impact of COVID-19 on trends in volume sales of non-cigarette combustible and smokeless tobacco products in the United States.

Aims and Methods

We analyzed monthly national sales for cigars, smokeless tobacco, pipe, and roll-your-own tobacco during June 2019–June 2021. Data were from the U.S Department of the Treasury. Interrupted time-series were used to measure associations of the COVID-19 “shock” (taken as June 2020 or 6 months after the first diagnosis of COVID-19 in the United States) and volume sales. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate associations between volume sales and changes in community mobility.

Results

Within interrupted time-series analysis, the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an initial increase in the number of little cigars sold by 11.43 million sticks (p < .01), with no significant sustained change in trend. The COVID-19 shock was also associated with an initial increase in large cigar volume sales by 59.02 million sticks, followed by a subsequent decrease by 32.57 million sticks per month (p = .005). Every 10% reduction in mobility to retail stores was significantly associated with reduced volume sales of little cigars (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.98) and large cigars (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.96). Other findings were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusions

COVID-19 was associated with increased volume sales for cigars and there was a significant association between reduced mobility to points of sale and reduced cigar volume sales. Intensified efforts are needed to prioritize evidence-based tobacco prevention and control efforts amidst the pandemic.
Vaping Flavors and Flavor Representation: A Test of Youth Risk Perceptions, Novelty Perceptions, and Susceptibility
Authors: Katz Sherri Jean , Petersen Ashley , Liu Hanjie , Cohen Elisia , Hatsukami Dorothy
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Whether novelty-flavored vaping devices should be available in the marketplace has been a hotly contested debate. From one perspective, the variety of different flavors, such as fruit and mint, may help adult cigarette smokers who are seeking to switch to reduced-harm nicotine products. However, these flavors are also wildly popular among youth, creating concerns about new nicotine product use among minors.

Aims and Methods

This experiment (n = 176) tests whether vaping flavors (tobacco vs fruit) and flavor representations on packages (flavor color, flavor image) influence how middle school youth perceive vaping products.

Results

While results show no difference in risk perceptions based on condition, novelty perceptions (eg, how fun, interesting) and susceptibility to vaping are highest among those who view the fruit-flavored vaping product with flavor color and flavor image. Those who viewed this condition reported higher novelty perceptions and susceptibility than those who viewed the fruit-flavored vaping product with no flavor color and no flavor image. Additionally, they reported higher novelty perceptions than those who viewed the tobacco-flavored vaping product with flavor color and flavor image. A post-hoc analysis in supplemental data shows that youth who report lower risk perceptions and higher susceptibility have higher behavioral intentions to vape in the next year.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that restricting flavor representation on packaging might reduce how fun and interesting youth perceive these products to be and how susceptible they are to using them.
Antibody response to an accelerated course of Hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Lian P C S , Morrish B
Published: August 2022

Background

There are several courses with different dosing intervals for Hepatitis B vaccination. This independent study is looking at the antibody response after three doses of the accelerated course.

Aims

The primary aim of the study was to examine data available at an Occupational Health Service for the antibody response to one or if nonresponsive, two accelerated Hepatitis B courses. A secondary aim is to determine if there is a difference in response for different sex and age groups.

Methods

This is a retrospective anonymous and blinded study looking at the antibody response in 1032 healthcare personnel given the accelerated course of the Hepatitis B vaccine over a period of over 6 years. An anti-Hbs response 4 months after the start of the vaccination of >10 IU/ml was taken as indicative of a response.

Results

After one course, 93% of the healthcare personnel developed antibody levels thought to confer immunity. After two courses, nearly 99% of the healthcare personnel had developed an adequate immune response. The response was better in females and <40 years old, a difference that was statistically significant for those aged <40.

Conclusions

The accelerated course confers high levels of immunity after 4 months and this supports the current practice of offering the accelerated dose to UK healthcare personnel who can be at immediate and higher risk of infection. Though some groups are less responsive, all groups mount a good response so all those at risk should be encouraged to have this vaccination.
Machine operator’s lung outbreak due to Eikenella corrodens
Authors: Perečinský S , Murínová L , Tomčová J , Poľanová M , Legáth Ľ
Published: August 2022

Background

Outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are not uncommon in workplaces where metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used. The recirculation of MWFs leads to microbiological contamination, which is responsible for outbreaks. Most outbreak reports come from USA and the UK; however, no similar reports have been published from Central Europe.

Aims

To describe an outbreak of MWF-associated HP in workers from a compressor assembly manufacturing facility in Slovak Republic and to identify the potential antigens responsible for the outbreak.

Methods

We investigated the history of worker’s symptoms, physical examinations, lung function tests, radiographic scans and lung biopsies. The MWF samples were analysed for different strains of bacteria and fungi. Antigen extracts were produced from the microorganisms isolated from MWFs, and positive precipitin reactions were evaluated.

Results

MWF-associated HP was diagnosed in 21 men and 6 women. All workers had work-related dyspnoea and cough with abnormal pulmonary diffusing capacity. Twenty-four cases had evidence of interstitial lung disease. Four cases were classified as having fibrotic HP. Nineteen microbial isolates (12 bacteria and 7 fungi) were cultured from the MWFs. Twenty-five cases had a positive response to at least one isolate. Eikenella corrodens and Bacillus subtilis were the most frequently reacting antigens (in 15 and 12 workers, respectively).

Conclusions

Despite decreasing reports of MWF-associated HP outbreaks over the past several decades, we describe one of the largest outbreaks in Europe. While the bacterium E. corrodens was found in the MWF samples, its relationship to the disease should be further investigated.
Acute respiratory distress after exposure to chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant
Authors: Hassel Erlend , Smedbold Hans Thore , Lauritzen Hilde Brun
Published: August 2022

A hospital cleaner developed acute respiratory distress after working with a chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant. The content of chlorine dioxide in the product is below the limit that would require the product to be labelled as hazardous to health, but we show with a simple estimation that the relevant threshold limit values for chlorine dioxide in the working atmosphere may be exceeded under normal use of the product. This may have implications for risk assessment of the use of such chlorine dioxide-based disinfectants and may warrant stricter regulations for labelling these products.
Changes in Quality of Sleep, Mood, and Other Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After Switching Dolutegravir/Lamivudine/Abacavir to Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Randomized Study of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Poor Sleep Quality: GESIDA 10418
Authors: Cabello-Úbeda Alfonso , Baeza Alicia González , García Jesús Troya , de La Fuente Moral Sara , Mena María Novella , Martínez Adriana Pinto , Micán Rafael , Górgolas Miguel , Tascón Guillermo Cuevas , de Santiago Alberto Díaz , Morerno José Sanz , Crestelo David Rial , Arenzana Carmen Busca , Serna José Ignacio Bernardino , Almirón Mariana Díaz , Cano Joanna , Esteban Herminia , Pérez-Valero Ignacio
Published: August 2022

Background

Although switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with human immunodeficiency virus experiencing insomnia due to dolutegravir-related neurotoxicity is well founded upon evidence, there is a lack of proof in regard to the outcome of stopping dolutegravir-based ART in people without insomnia but reporting poor sleep quality.

Methods

This is a randomized, multicenter, open-label study to evaluate the reversibility of patient-reported sleep disturbances in patients on dolutegravir/lamivudine/abacavir without insomnia after switching to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. The participants were randomized to switch ART at baseline or at week 4 and then completed 8 weeks of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. Our primary objective was to compare changes in sleep quality between arms at week 4. Secondary objectives were to compare changes in mood and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NS) at week 4 and 4 and 8 weeks after switching to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. The participants completed a survey, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), and specific questions to explore NS, at each visit to assess those objectives.

Results

We included 72 participants. The results show that study arms were similar at baseline; however, at week 4, PSQI scores remained unchanged with dolutegravir/lamivudine/abacavir, whereas patients improved significantly after switching to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. Similar differences between arms were also observed in HADS and NS changes. At weeks 4 and 8 after all participants switched to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, we have observed significant improvements in PSQI and HAD scores and in NS.

Conclusions

In patients reporting subclinical sleep disturbances without insomnia, switching from dolutegravir/lamivudine/abacavir to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide was associated with better sleep quality and improvements in mood and NS.
Social Satisfaction and Living Alone: Predictors of Self-Perception of Mental Health Improvement After Psychosis
Authors: Turner Patricia R , Saeteurn Emily R
Published: August 2022

Background

Psychosis recovery can accompany social and self-stigma for the survivor, which can interfere with the person reaching their personal recovery goals. We hypothesized that there would be a strong association between social satisfaction and self-perceived mental health improvement, and that living alone would be a risk factor to self-perceived improvement.

Study Design

Our strengths-based quantitative study aims to identify the most important factors to psychosis survivors for their mental health recovery. Survey responses from wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study were used, specifically from those who self-identified as psychosis survivors (n = 710), analyzing the association between self-reported mental health symptoms, social satisfaction changes in the last year, living alone, and demographic variables, with self-reported mental health recovery in the last year.

Study Results

Ordinary least squares regression analysis revealed three predictors of self-reported mental health improvement for psychosis survivors: social satisfaction, living alone, and lower anxiety. As hypothesized, social satisfaction was the largest determinant in self-perceived mental health improvement, but contrary to our hypothesis, living alone was a protective factor.

Conclusion

Prioritizing social satisfaction over group living environments for people recovering after psychosis.
Academics’ prosocial motivation for engagement with society: The case of German academics in health science
Authors: Sormani E , Uude K
Published: August 2022

Although research has shown the importance of prosocial motivation for academic engagement in public good (universities’ so-called ‘third mission’), research is yet to examine such motivation in depth. This study develops an empirical understanding of the dimensions of prosocial motivation in academics’ engagement, focusing particularly on societal engagement. Self-determination theory and conceptual forms of prosocial motivation (principlism, egoism, collectivism, and altruism) assist in interpreting the dimensions. We conducted twenty-five qualitative interviews with academics in the field of health science in Germany. Three dimensions of prosocial motivation emerged from the data: (1) personal, (2) academic role, and (3) academic field. The results demonstrate how the various conceptual forms of prosocial motivation are reflected in these dimensions. Additionally, we advance our understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic elements are reflected in academics’ prosocial motivation. We offer important theoretical, managerial, and policy implications by significantly improving the understanding of academics’ prosocial motivation.
Dynamic models of obstructive sleep apnea provide robust prediction of respiratory event timing and a statistical framework for phenotype exploration
Authors: Chen Shuqiang , Redline Susan , Eden Uri T , Prerau Michael J
Published: August 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which breathing is reduced or ceased during sleep, affects at least 10% of the population and is associated with numerous comorbidities. Current clinical diagnostic approaches characterize severity and treatment eligibility using the average respiratory event rate over total sleep time (apnea-hypopnea index). This approach, however, does not characterize the time-varying and dynamic properties of respiratory events that can change as a function of body position, sleep stage, and previous respiratory event activity. Here, we develop a statistical model framework based on point process theory that characterizes the relative influences of all these factors on the moment-to-moment rate of event occurrence. Our results provide new insights into the temporal dynamics of respiratory events, suggesting that most adults have a characteristic event pattern that involves a period of normal breathing followed by a period of increased probability of respiratory event occurrence, while significant differences in event patterns are observed among gender, age, and race/ethnicity groups. Statistical goodness-of-fit analysis suggests consistent and substantial improvements in our ability to capture the timing of individual respiratory events using our modeling framework. Overall, we demonstrate a more statistically robust approach to characterizing sleep disordered breathing that can also serve as a basis for identifying future patient-specific respiratory phenotypes, providing an improved pathway towards developing individualized treatments.