bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MSP designing with optimal fractional PI–PD controller for IPTD processes
Authors: Sengupta Sayani , Karan Somak , Dey Chanchal
Published: November 2022

An effective tuning methodology of modified Smith predictor (MSP) based fractional controller designing for purely integrating time delayed (IPTD) processes is reported here. IPTD processes with pole at the origin are truly difficult to control; exhibit large oscillations once get disturbed from their steady state. Proposed MSP design consists of fractional PI (proportional-integral) and fractional PD (proportional-derivative) controllers together with P (proportional) controller. Fractional controllers are competent to provide improved closed loop responses due to flexibility of additional tuning parameters. Fractional tuning parameters of PI and PD controllers are derived through optimization algorithms where integral absolute error (IAE) is considered as cost function. Efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated for IPTD processes having wide range of time delay. Stability and robustness issues are explored under process model uncertainties with small gain theorem. Performance of the proposed MSP-FO(PI–PD) controller is validated through simulation study relating five IPTD process models. Overall satisfactory closed loop responses are observed for each case during transient as well as steady state operational phases.
“Cephalgia” or “migraine”? Solving the headache of assessing clinical reasoning using natural language processing
Authors: Runyon Christopher R. , Harik Polina , Barone Michael A.
Published: November 2022

In this op-ed, we discuss the advantages of leveraging natural language processing (NLP) in the assessment of clinical reasoning. Clinical reasoning is a complex competency that cannot be easily assessed using multiple-choice questions. Constructed-response assessments can more directly measure important aspects of a learner’s clinical reasoning ability, but substantial resources are necessary for their use. We provide an overview of INCITE, the Intelligent Clinical Text Evaluator, a scalable NLP-based computer-assisted scoring system that was developed to measure clinical reasoning ability as assessed in the written documentation portion of the now-discontinued USMLE Step 2 Clinical Skills examination. We provide the rationale for building a computer-assisted scoring system that is aligned with the intended use of an assessment. We show how INCITE’s NLP pipeline was designed with transparency and interpretability in mind, so that every score produced by the computer-assisted system could be traced back to the text segment it evaluated. We next suggest that, as a consequence of INCITE’s transparency and interpretability features, the system may easily be repurposed for formative assessment of clinical reasoning. Finally, we provide the reader with the resources to consider in building their own NLP-based assessment tools.
Conscientious Objection to Compulsory Vaccination? Lessons from the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights and a Test Employed by the Czech Constitutional Court
Authors: Kindlová Miluše , Preuss Ondřej
Published: November 2022

The paper aims to analyse several theoretical problems concerning the recognition of the right to conscientious objection to compulsory vaccination. Our interest in the matter has stemmed from our domestic experience in the Czech Republic, ie a country with a traditional, comprehensive system of compulsory vaccination, but also a country in which the Constitutional Court recognised that, under certain conditions, conscientious objections to compulsory vaccination may be successfully invoked. The Constitutional Court created a special four-prong test for public authorities to ascertain whether the conscientious objection is legitimate to the case at hand and compulsory vaccination should not be enforced. We believe that sharing the Czech experience and pinpointing its crucial, but also debatable, aspects (especially the legal basis for the recognition of conscientious objection and the test itself) may be a useful comparative material for other states with a system of compulsory vaccination, or states which contemplate its introduction, possibly even against Covid-19. However, to add a broader European perspective, the paper will also examine the context of the relationship between compulsory vaccination and conscientious objection in the light of the Convention and will analyse the relevant case-law of the Strasbourg Court. A definitive answer as to whether a conscientious objection to compulsory vaccination may entail the protection of Article 9 of the Convention has not yet been given by the Strasbourg Court. Nevertheless, we argue that the case-law indicates that, under certain conditions, conscientious objections could attract the guarantees of Article 9 in future cases.
Political Ignorance and the Internet
Authors: Bertschek Irene , Müller David F.
Published: November 2022

We examine the link between Internet usage and political ignorance. To do so, we construct a novel index measuring individuals’ indifference with respect to political issues, which determines the degree of individual political ignorance. Our descriptive econometric analysis is based on a rich dataset consisting of six surveys of individuals covering the time period 2001–2014 and being representative for the German electorate. The empirical results show that in earlier years of Internet diffusion, there is a negative link between using the Internet and political ignorance. This link changes sign in later years of Internet diffusion. We discuss potential explanations of this observed change in the link such as information overload and the increase in heterogeneity of Internet users.
Developing a risk assessment tool for identifying individuals at high risk for developing insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA-IR score
Authors: Kondakis Katerina , Grammatikaki Evangelia , Kondakis Marios , Molnar Denes , Gómez-Martínez Sonia , González-Gross Marcela , Kafatos Anthony , Manios Yannis , Pavón David Jiménez , Gottrand Frédéric , Beghin Laurent , Kersting Mathilde , Castillo Manuel J. , Moreno Luis A. , De Henauw Stefaan
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To develop and validate an easy-to-use screening tool for identifying adolescents at high-risk for insulin resistance (IR).

Methods

Α total of 1,053 adolescents (554 females), aged 12.5 to 17.5 years with complete data on glucose and insulin levels were included. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. VO2max was predicted using 20 m multi-stage fitness test. The population was randomly separated into two cohorts for the development (n=702) and validation (n=351) of the index, respectively. Factors associated with high HOMA-IR were identified by Spearman correlation in the development cohort; multiple logistic regression was performed for all identified independent factors to develop a score index. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed in the validation cohort and was used to define the cut-off values that could identify adolescents above the 75th and the 95th percentile for HOMA-IR.

Results

BMI and VO2max significantly identified high HOMA-IR in males; and FMI, TV watching and VO2max in females. The HELENA-IR index scores range from 0 to 29 for males and 0 to 43 for females. The Area Under the Curve, sensitivity and specificity for identifying males above the 75th and 95th of HOMA-IR percentiles were 0.635 (95%CI: 0.542–0.725), 0.513 and 0.735, and 0.714 (95%CI: 0.499–0.728), 0.625 and 0.905, respectively. For females, the corresponding values were 0.632 (95%CI: 0.538–0.725), 0.568 and 0.652, and 0.708 (95%CI: 0.559–0.725), 0.667 and 0.617, respectively. Simple algorithms were created using the index cut-off scores.

Conclusions

Paediatricians or physical education teachers can use easy-to-obtain and non-invasive measures to apply the HELENA-IR score and identify adolescents at high risk for IR, who should be referred for further tests.
Estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol for IVF/ICSI treatment
Authors: Zhu Shaomi , Lv Zhexi , Song Linjiang , Zhang Qinxiu , Fan Yiyue , Li Junjun
Published: November 2022

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published data to determine the impact of estradiol pretreatment on reproductive outcomes and ovary stimulation characteristics for in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched, and any randomized controlled trials associated with estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol were included. Seven studies (1,236 patients) were included in the present study. The pooled data from the meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in ongoing pregnancy rate (odds ratio (OR): 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69–1.21; P = 0.53) and live birth rate OR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.74–1.30; P = 0.90) between patients with and those without estradiol pretreatment in GnRH antagonist protocol. Duration of gonadotropin exposure, gonadotropin consumption, and the number of cumulus–oocyte complexes were not significantly different between groups. Luteal estradiol pretreatment in IVF/ICSI cycles with GnRH antagonist protocol in normal ovary responding population does not affect the reproductive outcomes. It is an encouraging option to facilitate cycle scheduling in GnRH antagonist protocol, for luteal estradiol pretreatment does not increase the duration of gonadotropin exposure or gonadotropin consumption.
A Multi-Method Study of a Chalcolithic Kiln in the Bora Plain (Iraqi Kurdistan): The Evidence From Excavation, Micromorphological and Pyrotechnological Analyses
Authors: Squitieri Andrea , Amicone Silvia , Dinckal Ada , Altaweel Mark , Gur-Arieh Shira , Rohde Jens , Herr Jean-Jacques , Pietsch Sophie , Miller Christopher
Published: November 2022

Pyrotechnology has always been a core topic in the archaeological debate concerning phases of deep cultural transformations, such as the Chalcolithic period in the Near East (c. 6000–3500 BC). However, previous studies on pyrotechnological installations, such as pottery kilns, pertaining to this period, have often been mainly descriptive, with a limited use of archaeometric investigations. This work presents a multi-method investigation of a Chalcolithic kiln recently discovered in the Bora Plain (part of the larger Peshdar Plain, in Iraqi Kurdistan), which combines stratigraphic analysis, pyrotechnological, micromorphological, and micro-remains analyses. Since this kiln represents the first Chalcolithic architectural feature excavated in the Bora Plain, this work offers precious insights into the pyrotechnology of the period, which is still relatively poorly understood, through the reconstruction of the kiln’s use and abandonment processes. The analytical outputs can be used to compare with other Near East kilns from the Chalcolithic and later periods.
Hunte 4: Re-validation of a Bell Beaker domestic site in the Dümmer region in northwestern Germany
Authors: Brozio Jan Piet , Feeser Ingo , Heumüller Marion , Müller Johannes , Corradini Erica , Kirleis Wiebke , Dörfler Walter , Erkul Ercan , Wunderlich Tina
Published: November 2022

One of the few areas of the central North European Plain with settlement structures of the Single Grave groups (SG) as well as the Bell Beaker (BB) phenomenon is the Dümmer region in northwestern Germany. This region is characterised by extensive wetlands on the southern border of the Northern Lowland and has been subject of several research projects on Mesolithic and Neolithic sites since the last century. Archaeological prospections in the 1940s led to the detection of a domestic site of the BB groups at the Hunte 4 site. In 2020, new research was carried out at this site, which, through the integration of archaeology, geophysics and palynology, identified a Late SG and BB site and reconstructed the surrounding landscape. In contrast to the Hunte 1 settlement with building structures 2.5 km to the south, which also shows SG and BB activities, the results of the investigations at Hunte 4 point to a temporary use of the site. Consequently, a settlement system can be reconstructed in the region of the Dümmer for the second half of the third millennium and at the beginning of the second millennium BCE, which consisted of at least one permanent settlement and at the minimum one temporarily used sites – several more could be presumed but have to yet be localised. At the same time, the Dümmer region marks the southern border of a settlement system in the central Northern European Plain which is characterised by less domestic site, less permanent settlement sites and buildings structures. This contrasts with the increasing number of known settlement sites in the surrounding regions of the central Northern European Plain and suggests a higher translocality of individuals and groups in this area.
Investigating the Patterns of Empathy and Classroom Environment Applied by Effective English Language Teachers
Authors: Zohoorian Zahra , Faravani Akram
Published: November 2022

The teachers’ fundamental role in the success of the students is inevitable. Thus, knowing the various traits and personality characteristics of effective teachers can be used as guidelines to foster inexperienced teachers’ teaching quality. Among the required teaching qualities, empathy and classroom environment set up are two vital concepts emphasized by researchers. Accordingly, through relying on mega planning, the present study was conducted to find the patterns of empathy and classroom environment utilized by effective teachers. The participants were 50 teachers and 300 language learners. Three instruments were employed, namely teacher effectiveness questionnaire, classroom environment questionnaire, and teacher empathy questionnaire. The results showed that the contributions of each sub-construct in teacher effectiveness in order of their priority are as follows: empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy, and personal distress. Results from calculating frequency and percentage for classroom environment construct showed that the contributions of each respective sub-construct in teacher effectiveness in order of priority are as follows: participation, personalization, investigation, independence, and differentiation. The findings of the present study can enlighten policy makers and administrators to plan efficient courses of action and take useful steps in training novice teachers.
A Case of Mistaken Identity in Translation: “Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat” in Dazai Osamu’s Novel No Longer Human
Authors: Sipos George T.
Published: November 2022

This article explores the source and the meaning of the eleven quatrains quoted by modern Japanese writer Dazai Osamu (1909-1948) in his last complete novel, Ningen shikkaku (No Longer Human, 1948). Although dubbed as “rubaiyat”, which would indicate that they are translations of classical Persian poet and mathematician Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), the poems do not seem to match any of the known English translations from his work. This article explores the origin of the Japanese quatrains in Dazai’s novel, as well as their possible relevance for his literary work overall.
Familie und Schule: Zur Innen- und Ausdifferenzierung des Erziehungssystems
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: November 2022

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit einigen Merkmalen der Innendifferenzierung des Erziehungssystems, d. h. der Differenzierung zwischen Familie und Schule. Ausgehend von der Idee der funktionalen Differenzierung diskutieren wir zunächst die Ausdifferenzierung des Erziehungssystems und die Rolle, die Schulen dabei gespielt haben. Anschließend analysieren wir die Beziehung zwischen beiden Subsystemen aus der Perspektive der strikten und der losen Kopplung. Danach betrachten wir einige Folgen der zunehmenden gesellschaftlichen Legitimität von Schulen und Universitäten und die Art und Weise, wie das zunehmende Prestige von Schulen und Universitäten die Innendifferenzierung des Bildungssystems beeinflusst. Wir schließen diesen Beitrag mit einer kurzen Reflexion über die Differenzierungsprobleme des Erziehungssystems ab.
Die Bipolarität von Demokratie und Autoritarismus und ihre gesellschaftlichen Ursprünge
Authors: L. Ahlers Anna , Stichweh Rudolf
Published: November 2022

Der Aufsatz sucht nach systematischen Differenzen in der gegenwärtigen ‚World Polity‘, aus denen die bipolare Differenz von demokratischen und autoritären Systemen hervorgeht. Er behandelt die Akzeptanz funktionaler Differenzierung als Zusammenspiel gleichwertiger Systeme, die radikale Individualisierung der Inklusion, die Kontingenz von Werten, das Recht als Instrument gesellschaftlichen Strukturwandels und die prozessuale Reversibilität aller Entscheidungen als zentrale Gesichtspunkte, die Unterschiede von Demokratie und Autoritarismus erzeugen. Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert weiterhin den funktionalen Raum des Politischen als bestimmt durch Wissen, Entscheiden, Integration von Gemeinschaften, Bindung an Werte. Für jede dieser vier Leitfunktionen ergeben sich demokratische und autoritäre Alternativen. Auf signifikante Ereignisse und Trends des aktuellen Jahrzehnts referierend, zeigt der Aufsatz die zunehmende Bedeutung dieser Bipolarität für die Weltgesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts auf, die einer fortlaufenden Untersuchung und Konzeptualisierung bedarf.
Organisationale Re-Kombination und sozialer Wandel:Eine Forschungsagenda
Authors: Besio Cristina , Meyer Uli
Published: November 2022

Der Beitrag präsentiert eine theoretische Perspektive, die die grundsätzliche Fähigkeit von Organisationen, heterogene gesellschaftliche Anforderungen zu re-kombinieren, als ihr zentrales Merkmal beschreibt. Der Begriff der „Re-Kombination“ ist eine Synthese und Erweiterung verfügbarer Konzeptualisierungen des organisationalen Umgangs mit heterogenen Erwartungen aus verschiedenen theoretischen Ansätzen. Der vorgeschlagene Begriff erfasst, dass alle Organisationen gefordert, aber auch oft gut gerüstet sind, mit heterogenen Anforderungen aus ihrer gesellschaftlichen Umwelt umzugehen. Er soll Analysen ermöglichen und befördern, die untersuchen, wie Re-Kombinationen gestaltet werden, und inwiefern sie gesellschaftliche Stabilität erzeugen und/oder unter gegebenen Umständen sozialen Wandel auslösen. Solche Analysen erscheinen uns hochrelevant, um die Rolle von Organisationen in der modernen Gesellschaft zu verstehen. Das Anliegen des Beitrags ist sowohl konzeptionell als auch programmatisch. Dementsprechend diskutieren wir am Ende des Beitrags Elemente einer Forschungsagenda zur Untersuchung des Phänomens organisationaler Re-Kombination.
Close to the Edge: From Crisis ToCritical Transitionsin Social Systems Theory
Authors: Mascareño Aldo
Published: November 2022

Niklas Luhmann has considered the concept of crisis as a negative self-description of modern society. However, in different argumentative contexts, he uses the concept to refer to operative processes in and between partial systems that were not further developed, such as interruption of systemic relations, crisis threshold, and rapid transitions. Drawing on theoretical analyses and empirical research, I argue that the theory of critical transitions developed in ecosystem research offers a conceptual horizon from which to obtain insights to understand and explain sudden changes in modern society. To this extent, I propose a mechanism of critical transitions in meaning-based social systems and discuss its components in light of the related literature. I conclude that, while preserving the concept of crisis as a negative self-description, that of critical transition is more adequate to address the factual, temporal, and social operations producing sudden shifts in complex social systems.
Atmosozialität: Ökologien des Atmens nach COVID-19
Authors: Opitz Sven
Published: November 2022

Die Kontroverse um die aerogene Übertragbarkeit von SARS-CoV-2 hat den Blick auf Atmosphären als Ökologien des Atmens gelenkt. Auf diese Weise ist die elementare Dimension des gesellschaftlichen Lebens hervorgetreten: der Umstand, dass sich das Soziale nicht einfachander Luft, sonderninunddurchLuft vollzieht. Der Artikel bringt diesen Sachverhalt auf den Begriff derAtmosozialität. Drei Aspekte werden herausgearbeitet: Erstens hat das Atmosoziale eine voluminöse Gestalt. Es übersteigt „Territorien des Selbst“ (Goffman) und ruiniert deren Ordnungsversprechen. Zweitens verfügt das Atmosoziale über eine turbulente, spekulativ gesättigte Konstitution. In ihm verbindet sich die schwer kalkulierbare Flüssigkeitsdynamik des respiratorischen Lebens mit der affektiven Dynamik ungewisser atmosphärischer Begegnungen. Drittens besitzt das Atmosoziale eine wolkige Verfassung, die etablierte Modelle der Relationalität (Interaktion, Netzwerk) herausfordert. Es umschreibt die Ko-Habitation durchlässiger Körper in Milieus, in denen es ausreicht, nebeneinander zu leben, um Intimitäten des Atmens zu teilen. Um diese drei Aspekte des Atmosozialen zu entfalten, wird das Atmosphärenwissen der Umweltwissenschaften, der Physik und der Belüftungsingenieure auf seine sozialtheoretischen Implikationen hin gelesen. Im Zuge dieses Vorgehens revidiert der Artikel disziplinäre Vorannahmen darüber, was einen soziologischen Tatbestand ausmacht.
E-Scooter usage and mobility behavior during the Covid-19 crisis – Evidence from a large scale survey in Munich and implications for leisure and tourism
Authors: Klassen Norbert , Jödden Christian
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the actual situation and the background on micromobility and e-scoooter research and their operations in cities especially during the pandemic. To better understand the reasons for use and the current implications a large scale representative survey has been conducted in Munich. As micromobility cannot be considered isolated, the results focus on urban mobility and the integration of micromobility into the overall context especially looking into usage before and after the pandemic, user preferences, safety and specific user segments. Although tourism is not the focus of this survey, it is argued that the use of specific modes at home and being accustomed to, will positively influence mode use abroad as a tourist as well. Consequently, the article discusses and interprets e-scooter findings and derives recommendations for sustainable city planning as well as for tourism and leisure.
Epigraphic and linguistic observations on the inscription at the so-called Mur d’Hannibal (Liddes, Valais)
Authors: Eska Joseph F. , Eska Charlene M.
Published: November 2022

This paper argues that the inscription engraved in the Alphabet of Lugano in sinistrograde ductus at the so-called Mur d’Hannibal (Liddes, Valais, Switzerland) should be read as Poenino | ieur{e}u ‘he dedicated to P.’ The first form is a thematic dative singular. The desinence may well be Latin, but a case is made that it could be a Celtic desinence that displays a regional phonological development. The fourth character of the second form is a reversed Roman open Я, well attested in Cisalpine and Transalpine Celtic epigraphy. This form also displays a token of dittography, a phenomenon attested elsewhere in the Continental Celtic epigraphic corpus.
Deactivation of Pesticide Residue in Spray Tanks via In Situ Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron
Authors: Morgenstern David A. , Hemminghaus John , Brinker Ronald J. , Rector Ryan , Crosby Kevin
Published: November 2022

Residual herbicide solution remaining in agricultural spray tanks after application can, if not thoroughly cleaned out, cause injury to the next field sprayed. This is particularly true for the auxinic herbicides dicamba and 2,4‐D, for which rigorous tank‐cleaning procedures are mandated, including a triple rinse of the tank. A faster and more reliable procedure for deactivation of pesticides in the spray tank has been demonstrated at the scale of commercial agricultural sprayers. The process utilizes a well‐known waste treatment technology known as Fenton chemistry. Cleaning takes about 20 min—much faster than a triple rinse, although triple rinsing remains the approved process for dicamba. For dicamba and other spray mixtures, the deactivated spray solution can be sprayed directly onto sensitive species such as soybeans without injuring the plant. Co‐pack kits of hydrogen peroxide and iron sulfate solution sized for commercial sprayers in safe packaging have been developed that enable reliable deactivation of spray tank herbicide residues under real‐world working conditions for applicators.
Review of Green Adjuvants: What's Available? What's Needed?
Authors: Goldsmith Miriam E. , Ferguson David C.
Published: November 2022

This paper reviews recent developments in the area of green adjuvants for the agricultural industry. It first defines “green” adjuvant. Several working definitions of “green” are available from a variety of governmental regulatory agencies and consumer groups. These will be visited as a working definition is proposed. The question of which existing adjuvants qualify as “green” will then be explored, along with the question of whether using a green adjuvant offers any added benefits to farmers. This paper will also survey the regulatory environment for green adjuvants. Finally, it identifies future directions for green adjuvants.
Neural Networks Implicated in Autobiographical Memory Training
Authors: Cȋrneci Dragoş , Onu Mihaela , Papasteri Claudiu C. , Georgescu Dana , Poalelungi Cătălina , Sofonea Alexandra , Puşcaşu Nicoleta , Tanase Dumitru , Rădeanu Teofila , Toader Maria-Yaelle , Dogaru Andreea L. , Podină Ioana R. , Berceanu Alexandru I. , Carcea Ioana
Published: November 2022

Training of autobiographical memory has been proposed as an intervention to improve cognitive function. The neural substrates for such improvements are poorly understood. Several brain areas have been previously linked to autobiographical recollection, including structures in the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in connectivity within different neural networks support distinct aspects of memory improvement in response to training on a group of 59 human subjects. We found that memory training using olfactory cues increases resting-state intranetwork DMN connectivity, and this associates with improved recollection of cue-specific memories. On the contrary, training decreased resting-state connectivity within the sensorimotor network, a decrease that correlated with improved ability for voluntary recall. Moreover, preliminary data indicate that only the decrease in sensorimotor connectivity associated with the training-induced decrease in the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) factor, an immune modulation previously linked to improved cognitive performance. We identified functional and biochemical factors that associate with distinct memory processes improved by autobiographical training. Pathways which connect autobiographical memory with both high-level cognition and somatic physiology are discussed.
Effect of composition and coordination number on some fundamental parameters in the Ge-Se glass
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Abbady Gh. , Hakamy A. ,   Department of Physics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Abd-Elnaiem A. M. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Published: November 2022

Chalcogenide glasses of GexSe100-x (x=10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 at.%) glasses were prepared by vacuum melting. An empirical relation between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and  is proposed by applying the Gibbs-Di Marzio equation for the Tg of a crosslinked polymer as a function of cross-linked density. We found a good agreement with the experimental result of Tg for GexSe100-x glasses. Several parameters such as mean atomic volume density, compactness, and free volume percentage which are more sensitive to the structure network changes were calculated. Their variation is discussed in connection with the proposed structural model. The variation of the molar volume and Tg with  indicates the coexistence of topological and chemical ordering effects. With the structural modification, the number of lone-pair decreases, and the covalent coupling of the structural network increases with increasing Ge content, due to the increases in the crosslinked between Ge and Se bridge.
Hydrothermal synthesis of ultrathin WS2 nanosheets as anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, China, Zhang X. H. , Yan C. K. ,   Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies，Huaiyin Institute of Technology, HuaiAn, 223003, Jiangsu Province, China, Cao H. B. ,   School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, China, Tan H. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, China, Wang Z. ,   School of Materials and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: November 2022

In this study, ultrathin WS2 nanosheets with an average thickness of about 10 nm were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Their electrochemical properties were systematically investigated by various electrochemical testing techniques, and the morphology and structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When applied as anode for sodium ion batteries, ultrathin WS2 nanosheets exhibit an impressive high-rate capability and good cyclic stability, a reversible capacity of 250 mAh g-1 after the following cycling test of 100 cycles is still achieved at 100 mA g-1 . The excellent rate performance and cycling stability are attributed to better electronic conductivity and well-developed layered structure.
Implications changing of the CdS window layer thickness on photovoltaic characteristics of n-CdS/i-AgSe/p-CdTe solar cells
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, P. O. Box 170, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Assem E. E. , Ashour A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, P. O. Box 170, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Shaaban E. R. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, 71542, Egypt, Qasem A ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, 71542, Egypt
Published: November 2022

Rietveld refinement techniques have been used to investigate the structural characteristics of CdS window layers at various thicknesses in the current study. The structural parameters were improved as the thickness of the CdS-layer was raised, according to XRD patterns. This, in turn, was owing to the increase in the crystal's size for the studied thin layers. For the Ni/n-CdS/i-AgSe/p-CdTe/Pt heterojunction that was successfully fabricated employing an AgSe buffer layer deposited directly on the p-CdTe absorber layer and then the CdS window layer deposited on these mentioned layers, the photovoltaic properties were determined under the dark and illuminated conditions. In dark conditions, from the forward and reverse (current-voltage) data, the essential behavior related to the fabricated devices has been determined. In addition, the heterojunction resistance, the shunt resistance, the series resistance and the rectification rate were all determined. As well, in the illumination case, the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the fill factor, the power conversion efficiency, (PCE), the photoresponsivity, the quantum efficiency, the dependence of generated photocurrent on the light intensity, the dependence of generated photocurrent on wavelength (λ) for the studied solar cells have been computed and discussed.
Rassf7a promotes spinal cord regeneration and controls spindle orientation in neural progenitor cells
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Zheng Pengfei , Kong Xinlong , Wang Shuo , Cao Muqing , Zhao Chengtian
Published: November 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause long‐lasting disability in mammals due to the lack of axonal regrowth together with the inability to reinitiate spinal neurogenesis at the injury site. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells is critical for understanding spinal neurogenesis after injury. Compared with mammals, zebrafish show a remarkable capability of spinal cord regeneration. Here, we show that Rassf7a, a member of the Ras‐association domain family, promotes spinal cord regeneration after injury. Zebrafish larvae harboring arassf7amutation show spinal cord regeneration and spinal neurogenesis defects. Live imaging shows abnormal asymmetric neurogenic divisions and spindle orientation defects in mutant neural progenitor cells. In line with this, the expression ofrassf7ais enriched in neural progenitor cells. Subcellular analysis shows that Rassf7a localizes to the centrosome and is essential for cell cycle progression. Our data indicate a role for Rassf7a in modulating spindle orientation and the proliferation of neural progenitor cells after spinal cord injury.
The analysis of interjections types and emotional state used in “Sam & Cat” sitcom
Authors: Nabila Kafa Bella , Ena Ouda Teda
Published: November 2022

Interjections in an everyday speech frequently serve as pragmatic markers, initiating utterances and connecting them to the preceding interaction. Interjections can happen in three different types: primary emotive interjections, primary cognitive interjections, and secondary volitive interference. Thus, the present study aims at analyzing the interjection types and emotional state in the “Sam & Cat” sitcom. This research focused more on 5 episodes in this sitcom. This qualitative research is conducted by observing and analyzing the conversation between two main characters in the sitcom. Using the theory that discuss those three types of interjections and twenty one emotion states, the researchers discovered some results. According to the data, the most common use is primary emotive interjections that appeared 50 times. Continued with primary cognitive interjections that appeared 33 times and secondary volitive interjections that use 26 times. Furthermore, there are three emotional states with the same amount: imitation, contempt, and enthusiasm. These emotional states express the main character's situation that appears 14 times. However, triumph and wonder are two emotional states that have not appeared in those 5 episodes.
Long-term effects of prenatal undernutrition on female rat hypothalamic KNDy neurons
Authors: Minabe Shiori , Iwata Kinuyo , Watanabe Youki , Ishii Hirotaka , Ozawa Hitoshi
Published: November 2022

The nutritional environment during development periods induces metabolic programming, leading to metabolic disorders and detrimental influences on human reproductive health. This study aimed to determine the long-term adverse effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the reproductive center kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of female offspring. Twelve pregnant rats were divided into ad-lib-fed (control, n  = 6) and 50% undernutrition (UN, n  = 6) groups. The UN group was restricted to 50% daily food intake of the control dams from gestation day 9 until term delivery. Differences between the two groups in terms of various maternal parameters, including body weight (BW), pregnancy duration, and litter size, as well as birth weight, puberty onset, estrous cyclicity, pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and hypothalamic gene expression of offspring, were determined. Female offspring of UN dams exhibited low BW from birth to 3 weeks, whereas UN offspring showed signs of precocious puberty; hypothalamic Tac3 (a neurokinin B gene) expression was increased in prepubertal UN offspring, and the BW at the virginal opening was lower in UN offspring than that in the control group. Interestingly, the UN offspring showed significant decreases in the number of KNDy gene-expressing cells after 29 weeks of age, but the number of ARC kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells, pulsatile LH secretions, and estrous cyclicity were comparable between the groups. In conclusion, intrauterine undernutrition induced various changes in KNDy gene expression depending on the life stage. Thus, intrauterine undernutrition affected hypothalamic developmental programming in female rats.
Antifungal effects of staining process on wood: Hardness, gloss, and color change
Authors: Budakçı Mehmet , Korkmaz Mustafa , Karal İpek
Published: November 2022

This study determined the effects of wood staining on wood-destroying fungi. To achieve this goal, different types of wood samples were used, including Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), and mahogany (Entandrophragma cylindricum). Aniline (C6H2NH2), chemical (tannin (C14H10O9) + potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)), and Van Dyke brown stains (Fe2O3MnO2 + K2Cr2O7 + H2O) were applied to the samples, because a walnut color (brown) is preferred by customers. The stained samples were exposed to Fomitopsis palustris and Coriolus versicolor, and mycelium growing on wood was observed for 3 months. Hardness, gloss, and total color change tests were applied to the samples to determine the antifungal effects. The results showed that staining increased the total color change values of the wood, while decreasing in the gloss and hardness values. The chemical stain showed antifungal effects against both fungi.
Alternative particleboards based on treated and untreated hay
Authors: Pipíška Tomáš , Paschová Zuzana , Král Pavel , Nociar Marek , Červenka Jan , Meyer Marcus , Wimmer Rupert
Published: November 2022

Agricultural resources have a great potential to be a supplement or replacement for wood, especially in countries lacking wood resources, or during times of economic turmoil of wood markets, for manufacturing panel products. Previous research has focused on various sources including wheat straw, rice straw, rapeseed, or oil palm stems, but so far hay was not considered. Hay consists of cut and dried grasses, legumes, or other herbaceous plants. It has similar structure to wheat straw with a typical waxy surface layer and poor bondability. Soaking in NaOH was employed to improve the bondability of used full-length hay, or hay particles for urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. A comparison of the physical and mechanical properties was assessed. The vertical density profile of hay panels made from treated hay reached smaller differences between surface and core density. Full-length hay panels reached the higher average values of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), due to the structure. The bending properties of panels made of treated hay particles showed improvement, with modulus of rupture being 3.5 times higher, and modulus of elasticity 2.6 times higher than that of the untreated hay particles. Thickness swelling after 48 hours decreased for the NaOH-pretreated hay panels.
Roughness, wettability, and morphological properties of impregnated and densified wood materials
Authors: Pelit Hüseyin , Arısüt Umuthan
Published: November 2022

The effects of pre-impregnation on surface roughness, wettability, and morphological structure of densified aspen and fir wood were investigated.
Wood specimens were impregnated with paraffin, linseed oil, and styrene after pre-vacuum treatment. The impregnated specimens were densified using compression ratios of 20% and 40% at 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C. The roughness decreased and the contact angle increased in all impregnated specimens (undensified and densified). Compared to paraffin and linseed oil-impregnated specimens, lower roughness and higher contact angle were found in styrene-impregnated specimens. After densification, the roughness and wettability of the wood specimens decreased. More successful results (lower roughness and higher contact angle) were generally obtained in specimens densified with high compression ratio (40%). In both untreated and impregnated specimens, the contact angle increased with increasing compression temperature. While the effect of compression temperature on the roughness of the fir specimens was not significant, the roughness of the aspen specimens (especially styrene-impregnated) decreased with the increase in temperature. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that impregnation agents (especially styrene) clung to wood cell walls and partially or completely filled the lumens. This was positively correlated with the determined roughness and wettability. Pre-impregnation facilitated wood densification without significant cell deformations.
Tomorrow Our Seeds Will Grow: The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill and the Changing Landscape of Hip-Hop
Authors: Beachy Emma
Published: November 2022

The release of Lauryn Hill’s 1998 album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill was a watershed moment in the history of hip-hop and the intersection between music and race. On this album, Hill created a narrative that embraced Black love, attempted to educate audiences, and drew on Black musical heritage, elevating Black womanhood and nuancing perceptions of Blackness in American culture. Through musical and lyrical analysis, this paper explores the importance of Miseducation's narrative within the cultural milieu of the late 1990s and its continuing impact on hip-hop and Black American culture.
Case report: 50–year–old male with invasive aspergillosis of the native knee joint
Authors: Shyam Karthik
Published: November 2022

Septic arthritis is a disabling arthritis that destroys cartilage and joints due to infective inflammation. Early and prompt diagnosis is required to ensure an optimal outcome. Septic arthritis secondary to fungal aetiology is rare; commonly seen in immunocompromised and post-arthroplasty patients. We present a rare case of spontaneous fungal septic arthritis in a 50-year-old male, with imaging and laboratory features of the same.
ВПЛИВ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА РЕОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ МАСЛО-ВОДО-ВУГІЛЬНИХ ЕМУЛЬСІЙ
Authors: Макаров Анатолій С. , Косигіна Ірина М. , Єгурнов Олександр І. , Кручко Ірина М.
Published: November 2022

Технологія отримання висококонцентрованих масло-водо-вугільних палив, які застосовуються в якості рідкого палива в енергогенеруючих установках, пов’язана з теплотехнічними вимогами, а саме максимального наповнення дисперсійного середовища у вигляді палива горючими компонентами (наприклад, дисперсним вугіллям). Система повинна бути стабільною протягом тривалого періоду та мати в’язкість, яка забезпечуватиме можливість легкого транспортування по трубам, зберігання і розпилювання форсунками (за в’язкості 1.5–2 Па·с). Для вивчення впливу хімічних реагентів на реологічні властивості композиційного палива були отримані системи на основі вугілля марки «ДГ» (Ad = 9.3 %) з вмістом твердої фази Ст = 40 %, відпрацьованого моторного масла Comma Xtech 5W-30 (См = 49 %), води CH2O = 10 % і хімічної добавки 1 %. Встановлено, що ефективність хімічної добавки щодо зменшення в'язкості системи зменшується: RH-1> DT-2> ResinAnt 2> DT-1> WA-4> ER-3> WA-2> WA-5>ОП-10. Оптимальною здатністю зменшувати в'язкість масло-водо-вугільних палив мають ResinAnt 2, DT-2, RH-1.
ВИЛУЧЕННЯ СУЛЬФАТІВ З РОЗЧИНУ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЧЕРВОНОГО ШЛАМУ
Authors: Трус Інна М. , Крижановська Яна П. , Гомеля Микола Д.
Published: November 2022

У роботі досліджені процеси реагентного очищення водних розчинів від сульфатів в процесі використання червоного шламу Миколаївського глиноземного заводу. Даний шлам, згідно з результатами хімічного аналізу, містить достатньо велику кількість оксиду алюмінію (до 18 %) та оксиду кальцію (до 10 %) і наряду з силікатом кальцію та оксидами заліза містить алюмінат натрію та кальцію. Здатність алюмінату натрію висаджувати з розчину сульфати у вигляді сульфоалюмінату кальцію була використана в роботі для очищення води від сульфат аніонів. Процес проходить при обробці розчину шламом та суспензією вапна. При цьому було досягнуто вилучення сульфатів на рівні 64-75%. Визначено залежність ефективності вилучення сульфатів від їх вихідної концентрації. Показано, що за початкової концентрації сульфатів на рівні 20 мг-екв/дм3 за витрати вапна 2–10 мг-екв/дм3 при витраті шламу 1 г/дм3 залишкова концентрація сульфатів знижується до 7.8–9.1 мг-екв/дм3. При концентрації сульфатів 40 мг-екв/дм3 концентрація сульфатів знижується до 10.8–21.2 мг-екв/дм3 при витраті вапна 30 мг-екв/дм3 незалежно від витрати шламу.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ АДСОРБЦІЙНОГО ВИДАЛЕННЯ ВОДИ З ДИХЛОРМЕТАНУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ПРОГРАМИ ASPEN ADSORPTION: СТАДІЯ АДСОРБЦІЇ
Authors: Поджарський Михайло А.
Published: November 2022

Запропоновано методику розрахунку адсорбера для видалення води з дихлорметану, яка передбачає моделювання процесу у програмі Aspen Adsorption. Використані експериментальні криві проскоку, враховані умови адсорбційної рівноваги, кінетики, особливості тепло- та масообміну. Розроблена методика дозволяє визначати час проскоку та температуру рідини для різних значень продуктивності адсорбера, його розмірів, початкового вмісту води в дихлорметані. Встановлено, що в результаті виділення тепла в адсорбері виникає гаряча точка, температура рідини в якій може значно відрізнятися від початкової, і цей фактор є суттєвим для вибору розмірів апарату.
devolução de artefatos aos países de origem pode ser o início de um processo de restituição cultural
Authors: Sousa Vítor de
Published: November 2022

HICKS, Dan. The Brutish Museums. The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution. London: Pluto Press, 2020. 410 p.
apropriação do sistema de escrita alfabética por crianças que apresentam deficiência intelectual
Authors: Gomes Adriana Leite Limaverde , Morais Artur Gomes de
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou, a partir de escritas espontâneas com e sem figuras, a apropriação do sistema de escrita alfabética por crianças com deficiência intelectual na fase inicial da alfabetização. No estudo, oito crianças participaram de uma avaliação inicial e final do nível psicogenético da escrita. Verificamos, em ambas as situações, uma frequência importante de variados subníveis de escrita, na produção de uma mesma criança, tanto na condição com figura como na sem figura. Observamos que não ocorreu efeito positivo da testagem com figura sobre a evolução do nível conceitual de escrita das crianças. Pelo contrário, na condição com figuras, identificamos menor percentual de notações do nível alfabético, acompanhada de uma ampliação de escritas “Outras”, cujas características não foram contempladas na teoria da psicogênese da língua escrita, como descrita por Ferreiro e Teberosky (1979). Concluímos que nem sempre a diversificação dos subníveis nas diferentes situações de testagem revelou uma evolução conceitual da escrita. Ademais, havia uma relação entre o grau de dificuldade de escrita e o resultado desse registro.
exacerbação do abjeto em Uso Errado da Vida
Authors: Oliveira Gisele Silva
Published: November 2022

Em diálogo com a perspectiva de Ana Paula Arnaut (2018), para quem a produção literária ficcional portuguesa, a partir dos anos 2000, tem como característica a recorrência de práticas intertextuais e interartísticas, aliadas a representações de violência extrema e de personagens marcadas pelo que a autora considera desequilíbrios patológicos, percebe-se na narrativa de Paulo Rodrigues Ferreira, em Uso Errado da Vida, a constituição de um enredo imoderadamente intertextual e no qual as personagens revelam, a cada momento, mais e mais desajustes, no que se refere aos padrões convencionalmente estabelecidos. Nesse sentido, este artigo propõe uma análise acerca da representação do abjeto em Uso errado da Vida, especialmente a partir de Orestes, protagonista homônimo ao da tragédia Oresteia, de Ésquilo. Tomaremos como base teórica sobre o conceito de abjeto as proposições de Kristeva (1982).
Entrevista com Ana Paula Arnaut
Authors: Pinto Fernanda Borges
Published: November 2022

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