bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of Phloeosinus laricionis sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), a new bark beetle species from southern Europe
Authors: FACCOLI MASSIMO , SIDOTI AGATINO
Published: October 2013

We describe a new species of pine bark beetle, Phloeosinus laricionis, associated with a pine decline recently affecting young plantations of Pinus nigra ssp. laricio Poiret growing on the Etna volcano, Sicily (South Italy). The new species is morphologically close to the group species of P. cedri Brisout, P. acatayi Schedl, and P. pfefferi Knížek, having all odd interstriae on the declivity of elytra bearing small, individual, sparse, more or less sharply pointed tubercles in males, or with smaller sparse blunt, nippled tubercles in females. While the other species of the same group live on cedars, the new species is the only Palaearctic Phloeosinus known from pine.
Media Endarkenment
Authors: Lazitski Olga
Published: October 2013

In this article, the author researches the coverage of the U.S. and Russian presidential campaigns of 2012 in terms of media endarkenment, a process of media influence that ultimately shrinks the potential for a vibrant public sphere where informed citizens debate crucial issues. Using the works of Herman and Chomsky as well as McQuail, the study reveals the methodology of a process of media influence (intended or unintended) by which both the intellectual level of the viewers and the number of informed citizens decrease. A textual analysis of election coverage by national TV channels of both countries uncovers some of the different forms that media endarkenment takes, including the construction of a false reality, intimidation, and simplification.
A progressive damage model of textile composites on meso-scale using finite element method: static damage analysis
Authors: Xu Jian , Lomov Stepan Vladimirovitch , Verpoest Ignaas , Daggumati Subbareddy , Paepegem Wim Van , Degrieck Joris , Olave Mireia
Published: October 2013

A meso-scale finite element model for static damage in textile composites was established. The impregnated yarn is taken as homogeneous and transverse isotropic material, whose mechanical properties are calculated using Chamis’ equations. The damage modes are determined by using the Tsai-Wu criterion and additional criteria. The Murakami damage tensor is used to calculate the post-damage stiffness matrix. The model has been validated using plain weave and twill weave carbon–epoxy composites. The initiation of inter-fiber matrix cracks and fiber rupture were analyzed using this meso-FE model.
A Syllable Segmentation, Letter-Sound, and Initial-Sound Intervention With Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing and Use Sign Language
Authors: Tucci Stacey L. , Easterbrooks Susan R.
Published: October 2013

This study investigated children’s acquisition of three aspects of an early literacy curriculum, Foundations for Literacy (Foundations), designed specifically for prekindergarten students who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH): syllable segmentation, identification of letter-sound correspondences, and initial-sound identification. Three prekindergarten students with hearing loss, who used some form of signed communication, participated in this multiple baselines across content design study. Phonological and phonics activities are embedded within the Foundations curriculum, which is built around strong visual manipulatives to provide access to phonemic content. A Visual Phonics (VP) strategy was incorporated into two of the three targeted outcomes. Results indicated that the signing DHH students in this study were able to learn syllable segmentation, letter-sound correspondences, and initial sounds.
Schools and Drug Markets
Authors: Willits Dale , Broidy Lisa M. , Denman Kristine
Published: October 2013

Research on drug markets indicates that they are not randomly distributed. Instead they are concentrated around specific types of places. Theoretical and empirical literature implicates routine activities and social disorganization processes in this distribution. In the current study, we examine whether, consistent with these theories, drug markets are particularly likely to form near schools. This research contributes to our understanding of adolescent drug use patterns by assessing some of the place and neighborhood-level mechanisms that help explain how schools facilitate access to illicit drugs. Using data from Albuquerque, New Mexico, we find that neighborhoods with middle schools and high schools experience more drug crime than neighborhoods without middle or high schools. Moreover, the relationship between school presence and drug crime is strongest during the hours directly before, during, and after school. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Self‐Insertion of a Nasogastric Tube for Home Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Quilliot Didier , Zallot Camille , Malgras Aurélie , Germain Adeline , Bresler Laurent , Ayav Ahmet , Bigard Marc‐André , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Ziegler Olivier
Published: October 2013

Background: Enteral tube feeding can be a source of discomfort and reluctance from patients. We evaluated for the first time the tolerability of self‐insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube for home enteral nutrition (EN). Materials and Methods: All patients requiring enteral tube feeding for chronic diseases were enrolled in a therapeutic patient education (TPE) program at Nancy University Hospital. Results: In our department, between November 2008 and August 2012, 66 patients received EN with an NG tube. Twenty‐nine of 66 had self‐insertion of the NG tube (median age, 44 years), 17 had an anatomical contraindication, and 20 were excluded because of cognitive disability or language barrier or refusal. Twenty‐eight of 29 patients completed the TPE program. One patient died of pancreatic cancer in palliative care during the study. Median follow‐up was 20 months (interquartile range [IQR], 4–31). Median gain weight was 3.1 kg (IQR, 1.8–6.0) (P = .0002). Median duration of self‐insertion of the NG tube was 3 months (IQR, 2–5), and it was well tolerated by all 29 patients. Two patients described minor adverse events: abdominal pain and nausea for 1 patient and epistaxis leading to temporary discontinuation of EN for another patient. A group of 10 consecutive patients previously had a long‐term NG tube for EN. If they had the choice between a self‐inserted NG tube and a long‐term NG tube, all 10 patients reported they would prefer to start again with the self‐inserted NG tube. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that self‐insertion of an NG tube may be efficacious and well tolerated in patients receiving EN for chronic conditions.
Technology Transfer From Biomedical Research to Clinical Practice
Authors: Balas E. Andrew , Elkin Peter L.
Published: October 2013

Studies documented 17 years of transfer time from clinical trials to practice of care. Launched in 2002, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) translational research initiative needs to develop metrics for impact assessment. A recent White House report highlighted that research and development productivity is declining as a result of increased research spending while the new drugs output is flat. The goal of this study was to develop an expanded model of research-based innovation and performance thresholds of transfer from research to practice. Models for transfer of research to practice have been collected and reviewed. Subsequently, innovation pathways have been specified based on common characteristics. An integrated, intellectual property transfer model is described. The central but often disregarded role of research innovation disclosure is highlighted. Measures of research transfer and milestones of progress have been identified based on the Association of University Technology Managers 2012 performance reports. Numeric milestones of technology transfer are recommended at threshold (top 50%), target (top 25%), and stretch goal (top 10%) performance levels. Transfer measures and corresponding target levels include research spending to disclosure (<$1.88 million), disclosure to patents (>0.81), patents to start-up (>0.1), patents to licenses (>2.25), and average per license income (>$48,000). Several limitations of measurement are described. Academic institutions should take strategic steps to bring innovation to the center of scholarly discussions. Research on research, particularly on pathways to disclosures, is needed to improve R&D productivity. Researchers should be informed about the technology transfer performance of their institution and regulations should better support innovators.
From Typology to Taxonomy: A Configurational Analysis of National Business Systems and their Explanatory Power
Authors: Hotho Jasper J.
Published: October 2013

The business systems approach holds considerable promise for improving our understanding of the relations between societal institutions and technological and economic outcomes. Nonetheless, there have been surprisingly few attempts to validate its proposed typology of business system types. In this paper, I take up this issue and conduct a large-scale empirical assessment of the national business systems typology. I use data on 30 OECD countries from 2000 and 2011 to assess the validity of the typology, and explore its value for comparative institutional analysis through a fuzzy-set analysis of innovation specialization patterns. The findings illustrate that while the national business systems typology needs to be extended, it remains relevant for describing variety in national institutional frameworks. In addition, the detail it adds may provide the nuance needed for exploring more complex relations between institutions and technological and economic outcomes.
Aortic dissection one year after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Behranwala Ali Asgar , Handa Shyam R , Mehta Nihar P
Published: October 2013

Acute aortic dissection after aortic valve replacement is rare. A 57-year-old man presented with an acute type A aortic dissection 1 year after aortic valve replacement, which originated from the previous aortotomy site. He underwent a Bentall procedure. Postoperatively, he developed complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. During aortic valve replacement, risk factors for aortic dissection (diameter of the aorta and fragility and thinness of the aortic wall) should be assessed. Prophylactic aortic root replacement should be undertaken if the aortic root is more than 45 mm in diameter.
Late relapse of multiple myeloma presenting as a right atrial mass
Authors: Behzadnia Neda , Sheybani-Afshar Faezeh , Hossein-Ahmadi Zargam , Ansari-Asl Zahra , Sharif-Kashani Babak , Dorudinia Atosa
Published: October 2013

Intracardiac involvement is a rare presentation of relapsed multiple myeloma. We present a case of lobulated mass in the wall of the right atrium, with extension to the inferior vena cava and obliteration and encasement of the interatrial septum in a 57-year-old man, a known case of multiple myeloma, with progressive exertional dyspnea and anasarca.
Giant osteosarcoma of chest wall requiring resection and pneumonectomy
Authors: Fatimi Saulat Hasnain , Khawaja Ranish Deedar Ali , Majid Zain
Published: October 2013

We present the case of a 13-year-old girl who had a large swelling in her left breast with a history of weight loss, low-grade fever, and cold sweats. Computed tomography showed a large mass encroaching on the mediastinum and heart, with erosion of the adjacent ribs. Resection of the mass along with a pneumonectomy were performed. Postoperative tests showed no sign of metastases.
Naturecultures? Science, Affect and the Non-human
Authors: Latimer Joanna , Miele Mara
Published: October 2013

Rather than focus on effects, the isolatable and measureable outcomes of events and interventions, the papers assembled here offer different perspectives on the affective dimension of the meaning and politics of human/non-human relations. The authors begin by drawing attention to the constructed discontinuity between humans and non-humans, and to the kinds of knowledge and socialities that this discontinuity sustains, including those underpinned by nature-culture, subject-object, body-mind, individual-society polarities. The articles presented track human/non-human relations through different domains, including: humans/non-humans in history and animal welfare science (Fudge and Buller); the relationship between the way we live, the effects on our natural environment and contested knowledges about ‘nature’ (Whatmore); choreographies of everyday life and everyday science practices with non-human animals such as horses, meerkats, mice, and wolves (Latimer, Candea, Davies, Despret). Each paper also goes on to offer different perspectives on the human/non-human not just as division, or even as an asymmetrical relation, but as relations that are mutually affective, however invisible and inexpressible in the domain of science. Thus the collection contributes to new epistemologies/ontologies that undercut the usual ordering of relations and their dichotomies, particularly in that dominant domain of contemporary culture that we call science. Indeed, in their impetus to capture ‘affect’, the collection goes beyond the usual turn towards a more inclusive ontology, and contributes to the radical shift in the epistemology and philosophy of science’s terms of engagement.
Mega Screens for Mega Cities
Authors: Papastergiadis Nikos , McQuire Scott , Gu Xin , Barikin Amelia , Gibson Ross , Yue Audrey , Jung Sun , Cmielewski Cecelia , Roh Soh Yeong , Jones Matt
Published: October 2013

This article considers how networked large urban screens can act as a platform for the creation of an experimental transnational public sphere. It takes as a case study a specific Australia-Korea cultural event that linked large screens in Federation Square, Melbourne, and Tomorrow City, Incheon, 1 through the presentation of SMS-based interactive media art works. The article combines theoretical analyses of global citizenship, mobility, digital technologies, and networked public space with empirical analyses of audience response research data collected during the screen event. The central argument is that large public screens can offer a strategic site for examining transformations in the constitution of public agency in a digitized, globalized environment. The idea of ‘aesthetic cosmopolitanism’ is finally proposed as a conceptual framework for understanding how new forms of transnational public agency in mediated public spaces might operate.
Institutional change in economic geography
Authors: Bathelt Harald , Glückler Johannes
Published: October 2013

This paper develops a rigorous concept of institutions to investigate the interrelationships between institutional and economic change from the perspective of economic geography. We view institutions neither as behavioural regularities nor as organizations or rules, but conceive institutions as stabilizations of mutual expectations and correlated interaction. The paper discusses how economic interaction in space is shaped by existing institutions, how this leads to economic decisions and new rounds of action, and how their intended and unintended consequences impact or enact new/existing institutions. The paper explores three modes of institutional change – hysteresis, emergent change, and institutional entrepreneurship.
Human geography without hierarchy
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: October 2013

Responding to neoliberal decentralization, Marxists pair centralization with capitalism’s abrogation. Such a view considers hierarchy to be necessary and horizontal organization as propitious to neoliberalism. Anarchism’s coupling of decentralization with anti-capitalism is dismissed because Marxism cannot accommodate prefigurative politics, treating horizontality as a future objective. This temporality ignores the insurrectionary possibilities of the present and implies a politics of waiting. In terms of spatiality, Marxian centralized hierarchy deems horizontality inappropriate when ‘jumping scales’. Yet by rejecting this vertical ontology we may immediately disengage capitalism through a rhizomic politics. Consequently, human geography without hierarchy gains traction when we embrace an anarchist flat ontology.
Body Language
Authors: Alleva Jessica M. , Martijn Carolien , Jansen Anita , Nederkoorn Chantal
Published: October 2013

With the current studies, we aimed to improve body satisfaction by inducing a functionality-based focus on the body. Objectification theory was used as a guiding framework for this approach. In Study 1, 59 female and 59 male undergraduates and, in Study 2, 118 women between the ages of 30 and 50 years completed a writing assignment to experimentally manipulate their body focus. The writing assignment instructions were to describe what one’s body can do (functionality focus) or what one’s body looks like (appearance focus); a control writing task was also included. Functionality and appearance satisfaction, as well as global self-esteem, were measured at baseline, on test-day, and at a 1-week follow-up. In Study 1, male undergraduates in the functionality condition experienced an increase in functionality satisfaction from baseline to test-day; female undergraduates in the appearance condition experienced a decrease in functionality satisfaction both from baseline to test-day and from baseline to follow-up. In Study 2, women in the functionality condition experienced an increase in functionality satisfaction from baseline to follow-up. The current studies are the first known to experimentally manipulate the functionality-based approach to the body and to investigate its effects on body image—serving to suggest perceived functionality as a potentially fruitful focus for further research and intervention.
Detection of an Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Brain Tumor Gene Deletion in Circulating Blood Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Chakravadhanula Madhavi , Tembe Waibhav , Legendre Christophe , Carpentieri David , Liang Winnie S. , Bussey Kimberly J. , Carpten John , Berens Michael E. , Bhardwaj Ratan D.
Published: October 2013

Circulating biomarkers such as somatic chromosome mutations are novel diagnostic tools to detect cancer noninvasively. We describe focal deletions found in a patient with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, a highly aggressive early childhood pediatric tumor. First, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology to study the tumor anatomy. Next, we used whole genome sequencing (Next Gen Sequencing) and Bioinformatics interrogation to discover the presence of 3 focal deletions in tumor tissue and 2 of these 3 focal deletions in patient’s blood also. About 20% of the blood DNA sequencing reads matched the tumor DNA reads at the SMARCB1 gene locus. Circulating, tumor-specific DNA aberrations are a promising biomarker for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor patients. The high percentage of tumor DNA detected in blood indicates that either circulating brain tumor cells lyse in the blood or that contents of brain tumor cells traverse a possibly compromised blood-brain barrier in this patient.
Do Oral Steroids Aid Recovery in Children With Bell's Palsy?
Authors: Ismail Abdul Qader , Alake Oluwaseyi , Kallappa Chetana
Published: October 2013

There is growing evidence that steroids are not beneficial for treatment of paediatric patients with Bell's palsy. To investigate, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal study examining notes of 100 children, over 12 years coded for facial nerve palsy. Of the 79 diagnosed with Bell's palsy, all recovered, and for 46 patients we had data on interval from onset of symptoms to resolution (median duration in treated group = 5 weeks, range = 39; median duration in untreated group = 6 weeks, range = 11; P = .86). From our results, we conclude that all children with Bell's palsy recovered, with or without steroid treatment, with no statistically significant difference in symptoms duration. Complications of unresolved Bell's palsy can have important long-term functional and psychosocial consequences. Therefore, we need further research on use of steroids in children with complete/severe cases; it would be a shame to omit treatment due to “absence of evidence” rather than “evidence of absence.”
Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Relation to Disease Severity in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Opstal S. L. S. Houwen–van , Jansen M. , van Alfen N. , de Groot I. J. M.
Published: October 2013

The progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is expected to negatively influence the patients’ health-related quality of life, but knowledge of the relationship with disease severity is limited. We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire) and disease severity (clinical assessments of body functions and activities) in 40 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (19 ambulant, 21 wheelchair dependent) who were in different phases of the disease and underwent life-limiting events such as the loss of the ability to ambulate and the ability to lift the arms. In addition, we compared boys’ health-related quality of life perceptions with that of their parents. The participants’ health-related quality of life was similar to healthy peers’ and not influenced by disease severity, except for the physical domain. Parents scored much lower than the boys on the KIDSCREEN-52 domains Self Perception, Moods and Emotions, and Bullying. The latter finding needs attention in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Evaluation of a Gender-Based Violence Prevention Program for Student Athletes in Mumbai, India
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Das Madhumita , Tancredi Daniel J. , McCauley Heather L. , Virata Maria Catrina D. , Nettiksimmons Jasmine , O’Connor Brian , Ghosh Sancheeta , Verma Ravi
Published: October 2013

Gender-based violence, which includes sexual and intimate partner violence against women, is prevalent worldwide, prompting calls for primary prevention programs which engage men and boys in changing social norms that condone violence against women. Bystander intervention efforts which encourage males to say something to stop peers from enacting disrespectful and abusive behaviors toward females are a promising strategy for promoting non-violent, gender-equitable attitudes and behaviors. An evaluation of “Parivartan”—a U.S. program called “Coaching Boys Into Men” adapted for urban India cricket teams—was conducted in Mumbai, India. Baseline and 12 month follow-up surveys were administered to 309 male cricket athletes aged 10 to 16 years in 46 urban middle schools in Mumbai, India (27 intervention, 19 control). Athletes whose coaches were trained in the program demonstrated greater improvements in gender-equitable attitudes compared to athletes whose coaches provided standard coaching only. Marginally significant improvements were seen in reduction of negative bystander behavior. Violence prevention programs which utilize coaches as positive messengers for respect and non-violence may be a useful addition to global prevention efforts to reduce violence against women.
Examining the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Self-Control and Delinquency
Authors: Connolly Eric J. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: October 2013

The Child and Young Adult Supplement of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (CNLSY) has been used extensively within criminology. A significant amount of criminological research, for example, has explored various issues related to the correlates, causes, and consequences associated with levels of self-control and delinquent involvement. The overwhelming majority of these CNLSY studies, however, have not accounted for the potential effects of genetic factors on these two widely studied criminological variables and thus the findings generated from previous empirical work may be inaccurate due to genetic confounding. The current study partially addresses this possibility by analyzing a sample of kinship pairs nested within the CNLSY. Analyses of these data revealed that genetic factors accounted for between 51% and 92% of the variance in levels of self-control and between 30% and 41% of the variance in delinquency. We discuss the implications of these results for interpreting findings from the large body of existing research using the CNLSY.
The Nature of Violence
Authors: Burgason Kyle A. , Thomas Shaun A. , Berthelot Emily R.
Published: October 2013

A large number of studies have examined predictors of crime quantities yet considerably less attention has been directed toward exploring patterns in the nature or quality of violence within and across communities. The current study adds to the literature on qualitative variations in violence by assessing the incident and contextual-level predictors of offender gun use and physical injuries sustained by victims of robbery and aggravated assault. Specifically, we examine incident-level data from the National Incident Based Reporting System in conjunction with contextual-level data on the cities in which the incidents occurred. We use hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling techniques to explore variations in predictors of offender gun use and extent of victim injury. Supporting cultural effects explicated by Anderson, results reveal certain individual-level predictors are conditioned by community characteristics.
“He Said They’d Deport Me”
Authors: Reina Angelica S. , Lohman Brenda J. , Maldonado Marta María
Published: October 2013

Significant developments have been made in research on domestic violence experienced by women as well as on the practical front of the services women seek and receive when living with partner abuse. Yet, most of the studies that explore the experiences of victims of partner abuse in the United States have focused on nonimmigrant White women. The current study aims to contribute to the literature by exploring Latina immigrant victims’ experiences with domestic violence service outreach in the Midwest. This exploratory study used one-on-one interviews and a focus group to identify the challenges faced by 10 Latina victims of partner abuse who had previously contacted an antiviolence organization in Iowa and had used its services. Findings demonstrate that immigration status and the inability to understand domestic violence within given cultural norms are major barriers keeping Latina victims from seeking help from formal advocacy agencies. Other impediments include feeling shame, isolation, along with the lack of bilingual service providers in mainstream institutions and, the lack of knowledge about resources among newcomers. We end with recommendations for research and practice.
The Effects of Police Contact on Trajectories of Violence
Authors: Ward Jeffrey T. , Krohn Marvin D. , Gibson Chris L.
Published: October 2013

This study uses a life course framework to investigate how police contacts may serve as a potential turning point in a violent crime trajectory. Drawing on the central ideas from deterrence and labeling theories, we determine whether individuals on different violent offending trajectories increase or decrease their offending following a police contact. Analyzing nine waves of data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, an integrated propensity score matching and latent class growth model was used. First, three violent trajectory groups emerged including high offenders, non-offenders, and low offenders. Second, after accounting for selection bias using propensity score matching procedures, experiencing a police contact increased the likelihood of future violent offending for the entire sample and for those who were on a low violent-offending trajectory specifically. These findings are interpreted as partial support for labeling theory. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence Reported by Two Samples of Deaf Adults via a Computerized American Sign Language Survey
Authors: Pollard Robert Q , Sutter Erika , Cerulli Catherine
Published: October 2013

A computerized sign language survey was administered to two large samples of deaf adults. Six questions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) were included, querying lifetime and past-year experiences of emotional abuse, physical abuse, and forced sex. Comparison data were available from a telephone survey of local households. Deaf respondents reported high rates of emotional abuse and much higher rates of forced sex than general population respondents. Physical abuse rates were comparable between groups. More men than women in both deaf samples reported past-year physical and sexual abuse. Past-year IPV was associated with higher utilization of hospital emergency services. Implications for IPV research, education, and intervention in the Deaf community are discussed.
What to Do When the Specialty Drug Wave Hits You
Authors: Wickersham Peter
Published: October 2013

As costly specialty drugs become the standard of care for an increasing number of complex and chronic diseases, double-digit annual increases in overall pharmacy spending are expected. The rise in use combined with the high cost of these drugs will become an increasing strain on health care budgets over the next five years - a problem that can hit employers suddenly and with great force. Based on average increases in recent years, pharmacy benefit manager Prime Therapeutics predicts specialty costs will grow 15 percent per year due to the increasing use of drugs, high price tag that continues to rise and flood of specialty drugs coming on the market. Plan sponsors who act now can better manage these drugs through the savings and efficiencies brought by specialty pharmacy benefit design and plan administration.
Linkages Between Community-Focused Agriculture, Farm Sales, and Regional Growth
Authors: Brown Jason P. , Goetz Stephan J. , Ahearn Mary C. , Liang Chyi-lyi (Kathleen)
Published: October 2013

Community-focused agriculture has been heralded as a development strategy to induce local economic growth. This study examines county-level linkages between community-focused agriculture and growth in total agricultural sales and economic growth more broadly. Using Census of Agriculture data, regional growth models are estimated on real personal income per capita change between 2002 and 2007. We find no association between community-focused agriculture and growth in total agricultural sales at the national level, but do in some regions of the United States. A $1 increase in farm sales led to an annualized increase of $0.04 in county personal income. With few exceptions, community-focused agriculture did not make significant contributions to economic growth in the time period analyzed.
New Therapeutic Alternatives for the Management of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Cassagnol Manouchkathe , Ezzo Danielle , Patel Priti N.
Published: October 2013

Hypercholesterolemia affects over 34 million adults in the United States and is a major cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). Conventional therapies, such as statins, have demonstrated their ability to improve clinical end points and decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with CHD. Lomitapide (Juxtapid®), mipomersen (Kynamro®), and icosapent (Vascepa®) are 3 novel agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past 2 years, which offer new lipid-lowering treatment options with unique pharmacology.
Why sociologists abandoned the sick role concept
Authors: Burnham John C.
Published: October 2013

The concept of the sick role entered sociology in 1951 when Talcott Parsons creatively separated the sick person out of the doctor–patient dyad. The idea became fundamental in the subdiscipline of medical sociology. By the 1990s, the concept had almost disappeared from the research literature. Beyond the generational and theoretical changes that explain how the sick role idea could become irrelevant or unnecessary to sociologists, there were two immediate factors: the negative politicization of the concept and the shift of medical sociologists to a focus on applied health behavior. In the later, fragmented discipline of sociology, final, total abandonment was still uncertain.
When Left Is Not Right
Authors: de Nooijer Jacqueline A. , van Gog Tamara , Paas Fred , Zwaan Rolf A.
Published: October 2013

According to the body-specificity hypothesis, hearing action words creates body-specific mental simulations of the actions. Handedness should, therefore, affect mental simulations. Given that pictures of actions also evoke mental simulations and often accompany words to be learned, would pictures that mismatch the mental simulation of words negatively affect learning? We investigated effects of pictures with a left-handed, right-handed, or bimanual perspective on left- and right-handers’ learning of object-manipulation words in an artificial language. Right-handers recalled fewer definitions of words learned with a corresponding left-handed-perspective picture than with a right-handed-perspective picture. For left-handers, there was no effect of perspective. These findings suggest that mismatches between pictures and mental simulations evoked by hearing action words can negatively affect right-handers’ learning. Left-handers, who encounter the right-handed perspective frequently, could presumably overcome the lack of motor experience with visual experience and, therefore, not be influenced by picture perspective.
Performance prediction of a circulating fluidized bed boiler by heat exchangers block simulation at varying load conditions
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Choi Sangmin , Hyun J-S
Published: October 2013

We propose a simplified mathematical model to describe and to predict the performance of a circulating fluidized bed boiler under varying loads. The model is a systematic approach for modeling a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which is a combination of zero-dimensional energy and mass balance model of heat exchanger blocks. Blocks of heat exchangers are integrated with the air–gas side, the water–steam side, and the solids side. Validation has been carried out by comparing calculated results with experimental data of a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler. In order to expand throughout the actual operating range, a correlation between the solids circulation rate and the superficial velocity was drawn, and overall heat transfer rates at varying loads were interpreted as representative heat transfer coefficients related with the suspension density. Boiler efficiencies and temperatures were predicted at the loads. Finally, partial load behavior of the boiler was investigated by characterizing performance parameters. This simulation model is hoped to improve the understanding of the boiler performance when operation parameters are selected.
Cancer-Related Insomnia
Authors: Induru Raghava R , Walsh Declan
Published: October 2013

Insomnia increases cancer symptom burden and impairs quality of life. The lack of standard definitions and treatment guidelines makes management difficult. Insomnia is common in most cancers but appears particularly so in lung, breast, and head and neck tumors. Older women seem most susceptible. Insomnia not only affects patients with cancer but also caregivers and families. Systematic screening is important. Few validated assessment scales are available. Nonpharmacologic therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy may help. New nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics may have some therapeutic advantages over older agents. Management of associated or contributory symptoms like fatigue, pain, and hot flashes with appropriate symptom-specific agents is important. Successful management may have a significant positive impact on global quality of life.
The 21st-Century Syllabus
Authors: Lund Dean Kathy , Fornaciari Charles J.
Published: October 2013

In our previous article about reconceptualizing the course syllabus, we argued that instructors must move syllabi beyond their traditional pedagogically-inspired focus on operational course norms if the syllabus is to remain relevant as a teaching and learning tool. Here, we take the andragogical ideas developed in the prior article and provide educators with seven practical and concrete tips for syllabus development efforts that are more consistent with co-learning communities and shared learning outcomes.
School Nurse Intention to Pursue Higher Education
Authors: Broussard Lisa , White Debra
Published: October 2013

In 2011, the Institute of Medicine recommended that 80% of the nurses possess a minimum of a bachelor of science in nursing by 2020 and double the number of doctorally prepared nurses. This has prompted a significant number of registered nurses to advance their educational level. School nurses in Louisiana are not required to have a bachelor’s degree. In many states, the bachelor’s degree is required for all school nurses, and many school nurses are prepared at the masters’ and doctoral levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the intention of Louisiana school nurses to pursue higher education in nursing. A survey was distributed to all members of the Louisiana School Nurses Organization, and results indicated that 65% of the participants were motivated to return to school. Incentives and barriers to pursuing higher education were identified, and strategies for overcoming these barriers were proposed.
The Relation of Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio and Coronary Collateral Circulation in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris and Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Açar Göksel , Kalkan Mehmet Emin , Avci Anıl , Alizade Elnur , Tabakci Mehmet Mustafa , Toprak Cüneyt , Özkan Birol , Alici Gökhan , Esen Ali Metin
Published: October 2013

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the relationship between the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods:

A total of 294 patients with both SAP and CTO were classified according to their Rentrop collateral grades as either poor (Rentrop grades/0-1) or good (Rentrop grades/2-3).

Results:

The PLR values were significantly higher in patients with poor CCC than in those with good CCC (156.8 + 30.7 vs 132.1 + 24.4, P < 0.001). In regression analysis, PLR (unit = 10) [odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33 -1.65; P < 0.001] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were found to be the independent predictors of poor CCC. In receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, optimal cut-off value of PLR to predict poor CCC was found as 138.1, with 76% sensitivity and 65% specificity.

Conclusion:

PLR may be an important, simple, and cost effective tool predicting the degree of collateralization in patients with SAP and CTO.
Attention Problems and Academic Achievement
Authors: Rabiner David L. , Carrig Madeline M. , Dodge Kenneth A.
Published: October 2013

Objective: This study examined whether the negative association between children’s attention difficulties and their academic functioning is largely confined to children whose attention problems persist across early grades and whether it depends on when attention problems emerge in children’s schooling. Method: Children from the normative sample of the Fast Track study were classified into four attention problem groups based on the presence versus absence of attention problems in first and second grade. Results: Those with attention problems in both grades showed a decline in reading and math achievement during the K-5 interval relative to children with attention problems in first grade only. Both groups of inattentive first graders also performed worse than comparison children. In contrast, children whose attention problems emerged in second grade did not differ from comparison children on any achievement outcome performed significantly better than inattentive first graders. Conclusion: The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Impact of Coexisting Emotional and Conduct Problems on Family Functioning and Quality of Life Among Adolescents With ADHD
Authors: Schei Jorun , Jozefiak Thomas , Nøvik Torunn Stene , Lydersen Stian , Indredavik Marit S.
Published: October 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of self-reported emotional and conduct problems on family functioning and quality of life (QoL) among adolescents with ADHD. Method: The ADHD group ( N = 194) was divided into the following groups: without additional emotional or conduct problems, with emotional problems, with conduct problems, and with both problem types. The cross-sectional study included parent and adolescent reports. Results: Adolescents with ADHD and both problem types reported significantly lower QoL and family functioning than all other ADHD groups. Parents reported better QoL for the ADHD group without additional problems, but similar family functioning for all groups. Conclusion: A higher level of coexisting psychiatric problems had a significant impact on adolescents’ reports of family functioning and QoL. However, coexisting problems showed no association with parent reports of family functioning. Adolescents with ADHD might add important information in clinical assessment.
Trading Effort for Money
Authors: Xia Lan , Suri Rajneesh
Published: October 2013

Services involve cocreation, such that businesses often treat consumers as partial employees to help boost productivity. However, not all consumers are intrinsically motivated to engage in the effort required to produce a service. Hence, service providers offer monetary incentives to compensate consumers for their effort by using cocreation options where consumers can either spend their own effort in exchange for extra savings or have service providers perform such options and incur additional cost. Consumers are likely to evaluate such options by determining the price that they would be willing to pay and the amount that they expect to save if they were to perform such options. In eight studies, this research shows that consumers seek more compensation for their effort than the amount that they are willing to pay a service provider. However, characteristics of the service option (expected vs. not expected), the service provider (fit with effort), the service itself (cost of labor), and consumers (budget constraints, expertise) moderate the differences between willingness to pay and expectations of compensation. Hence, companies that are expanding their markets and pursuing strategies that offer both full service and do-it-yourself service options would need to (a) consider the fit of such options with the positioning of the brand and (b) identify appropriate consumer segments that would be favorably disposed toward such options. Identifying such options and their prices would lead to effective price structures that will provide not only value to consumers but also profitability to firms.
Identifying Appropriate Compensation Types for Service Failures
Authors: Roschk Holger , Gelbrich Katja
Published: October 2013

This article examines how compensation type and failure type explain the recovery effect of compensation, using a meta-analysis (Study 1) and an experiment (Study 2). Drawing on resource exchange theory, we propose new classifications for both compensation and failure type and find three major results. First, consistent with our matching hypothesis, the strongest recovery effect is generally observed when compensation represents a resource similar to the failure it is supposed to offset, that is, immediate monetary compensation for a monetary failure, exchange for a flawed product, reperformance for a failed service, and psychological compensation for lack of attention. Surprisingly, lack of attention may also be rectified by the other compensation types. Second, consistent with our intertemporal choice hypothesis, immediate monetary compensation is generally more effective than delayed monetary compensation. Yet, this effect also varies with failure type. Third, resource-based classifications explain the recovery effect of compensation better than current classifications of compensation and failure type. As a theoretical contribution, the resource-based classifications help to explain the fluctuating effect sizes of compensation reported in prior research. From a managerial point of view, practitioners can choose the appropriate compensation type for a failure, one that repays in kind what customers have lost. As a result, companies achieve stronger recovery effects without additional costs.
Relationship between body mass index and women’s body image, self-esteem and eating behaviours in pregnancy: A cross-cultural study
Authors: Shloim Netalie , Hetherington Marion M , Rudolf Mary , Feltbower Richard G
Published: October 2013

This study examined the relationship between self-esteem, restrained eating, body image and body mass index during pregnancy. A total of 110 pregnant Israeli and UK women completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, scales to assess body image and demographics. Body mass index was calculated from antenatal records. Regression modelling determined the relationship between variables, countries and body mass index categories. High correlations were found between body image and body mass index with significantly higher body dissatisfaction for Israeli women. Self-esteem scores for pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant women. Poorer body image and higher prevalence of restrained eating were found in healthy weight Israeli women.
Trajectories of illness perceptions in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Lerdal Anners , Fagermoen May Solveig
Published: October 2013

Accurate illness perceptions are essential to the self-management of chronic illness. This study explored trajectories of illness perceptions in persons with morbid obesity ( n = 53) and persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( n = 52) following a patient education course. Participants completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire five times over a 1-year period. Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed. Over time, obese participants perceived shorter illness duration, fewer consequences, less emotional stress, and more personal control. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease participants had initial increases in personal control and understanding, but these changes were not maintained throughout the follow-up period.
Humanoid robotics in health care: An exploration of children’s and parents’ emotional reactions
Authors: Beran Tanya N , Ramirez-Serrano Alex , Vanderkooi Otto G , Kuhn Susan
Published: October 2013

A new non-pharmacological method of distraction was tested with 57 children during their annual flu vaccination. Given children’s growing enthusiasm for technological devices, a humanoid robot was programmed to interact with them while a nurse administered the vaccination. Children smiled more often with the robot, as compared to the control condition, but they did not cry less. Parents indicated that their children held stronger memories for the robot than for the needle, wanted the robot in the future, and felt empowered to cope. We conclude that children and their parents respond positively to a humanoid robot at the bedside.
Media use among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kuo Melissa H , Orsmond Gael I , Coster Wendy J , Cohn Ellen S
Published: October 2013

This study explores how adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use media, and the factors associated with their media use. A total of 91 adolescents with ASD and their parents completed mail-based surveys. In all, 78% of the adolescents with ASD watched television (approximately 2 h/day), and 98% used computers (approximately 5 h/day) on any given day. They most frequently watched cartoons, played computer or video games that involved shooting, and visited websites that contained information on video games. Adolescents with ASD who watched television with parents reported more positive parent–child relationships. Adolescents with ASD who visited social networking websites or received emails from friends reported more positive friendships. The findings help us understand media-use habits of adolescents with ASD and suggest areas for future research.