bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA NCK1-AS1 Aggravates Hepatocellular Carcinoma by the miR-22-3p/YARS Axis to Activate PI3K/AKT Signaling
Authors: Zhou Weixin , Wang Jie , Zhang Jie , Wang Yuhan , Jiang Ling , Guo Tianhong , Luo Binrui , Xu Qi , Huang Yuanshuai
Published: March 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed at late stages when curative treatments are no more appliable. Many studies have proved the active role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers’ biology; here, the functional role of lncRNA NCK1-AS1 in HCC was identified.Methods: Gene expression in tumor tissues of HCC was evaluated by examining online databases and 88 collected HCC samples from our hospital. The interactions of miR-22-3p with NCK1-AS1 and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) were tested by conducting bioinformatics analysis, luciferase report, and RNA pulldown experiments. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell experiments were used to dissect the role of the NCK1-AS1/miR-22-3p/YARS axis in HCC.Results: NCK1-AS1 was overexpressed in HCC cells and tissues. Functional assays depicted that depletion of NCK1-AS1 hampered malignant character of HCC cells. NCK1-AS1 controlled the availability of miR-22-3p, resulting in YARS upregulation. YARS was found to have a clinical value for HCC diagnosis. Moreover, rescue experiments revealed that miR-22-3p inhibition or YARS overexpression partially blocked the function of NCK1-AS1 deficiency in HCC cells. As for the downstream signaling pathway, we discovered that NCK1-AS1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling by the miR-22-3p/YARS axis.Conclusion: The present study verified that NCK1-AS1 could promote HCC progression via the miR-22-3p/YARS axis to activate PI3K/AKT signaling.
Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Triple-anchoring Technique for Colonic Hybrid Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: A Case Series
Authors: Hamanaka Jun , F. Vadalà di Prampero Salvatore , Solito Sonia , Bulajic Milutin , Picci Alessandro , Panic Nikola , Battista Serena , Barbaro Federico , Maeda Shin , Costamagna Guido
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims: A hybrid technique may be a reasonable compromise to make endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) more reliable for lesions ≥ 20 mm and a good way of approaching to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel hybrid EMR technique, triple-anchoring EMR (T-EMR) for colorectal lesions 20-30 mm.Methods: Fifteen patients have been prospectively enrolled to T-EMR from December 2019 to April 2020 in two Endoscopy Units: Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, and University Hospital of Udine, Italy. Patients eligible for the study were ≥18 years old with superficial colorectal lesions 20-30 mm, morphologically liable to endoscopic treatment based on chromoendoscopy. The primary endpoint was assessment of the “en bloc” and the free resection margins (R0) rates. The secondary endpoints were resected specimen size, procedure time, complication rate, and recurrence rate at 6 months.Results: Among the 15 patients enrolled, 12 were males (80%), mean age 68.73±11.04 years. The mean size of the lesions was 24.93±2.89 mm. Mean procedure time was 22.13±4.31 min. T-EMR was performed en bloc in 14/15 patients (93.3%) with R0 in 13/15 patients (86.7%). No major intra-/peri-procedural or delayed complications occurred. At histological analysis, 13/15 lesions (86.7%) were adenomas, while 2 were early colorectal cancer. At a 6-month follow-up colonoscopy, only one patient (6.7%) had a recurrence of adenoma.Conclusions: T-EMR seems to be an effective and safe option to treat colorectal lesions between 20 and 30 mm, with a short procedure time and low costs.
Obesity and its associated inflammatory cytokines pose significant risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Tulp Orien L , Einstein George P
Published: March 2022

The incidence of overweight, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Western society have increased to epidemic proportions in the past decade and are now recognized as significant progressive comorbidities contributing to complications of COVID-19. Adiposity reflects an imbalance in energy homeostasis, where cumulative energy intake chronically exceeds net energy expenditure often associated with Insulin resistance (IR) and other endocrinopathies which further impairs parameters of energy balance and expenditure. A primary function of white adipose tissues (WAT) is nutritionally and hormonally mediated lipogenesis and lipid storage in the form of triglycerides, derived from dietary or de novo substrates. Central adiposity, including visceral adipose depots is typically associated with chronic inflammation and endocrine dysregulation including elevations in plasma insulin, amylin, and hyperlipidemia, a suppressed immune response, and elevations in markers of inflammation in peripheral tissues, which are contributory to the progression of the cardiovascular, renal, and other significant comorbid sequela that often follow. Multiple mechanisms are operative in obesity that contribute to the magnitude of severity of COVID-19 illness. 1: The SARS-CoV-1 can infect multiple organ systems that contain ACE2 receptors, including WAT; 2. The SARS-CoV-2 virus contains abundant viral spike proteins compatible with the ACE2 receptors of WAT, enabling the efficient uptake of COVID-19 viral particles; 3: WAT secretes the inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, and others, augmented by adipocytokines leptin and resistin, which together facilitate the creation of an enhanced inflammatory state combined in concert with the suppressed immune state; 4: WAT secretes leptin, TNFα, CXCL-10 and other inflammatory adipokines that are common factors in central obesity have been correlated with the severity of COVID-19 in obese individuals, and 5: the cytokine IL-6 from WAT acts as a primary mediator of the cytokine storm inflammatory response which typically leads to the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often with dire consequences in later stages of COVID-19. NAFLD also correlates with hyperlipidemia and the severity of COVID-19 in a similar manner. Thus, the inflammatory markers and the lipogenic characteristics of IR, excess adiposity, chronic inflammation, and related sequelae are significant opportunistic contributors to the magnitude of severity and outcome of the morbidity and mortality observed in COVID-19 illness. The purpose of this editorial review is to present an overview of the contributions of obesity and its endocrinologic and inflammatory pathophysiologic sequelae on COVID-19 illness.
Incidental thrombosis in oncologic patient
Authors: Lombardía P Picallo , Sanchez M Pereiro , Caneiro M Aceituno , Sánchez MC Hernández
Published: March 2022

We present a 64 year-old woman case report with lung cancer and active chemotherapy treatment, who developed a Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS). During the follow up, being with anticoagulant therapy, she presented an incidental thrombosis. This event was discovered at control doppler image of previous SVCS. All hemostasia studies were normal. Anticoagulant therapies in Oncological and Hematological patients are essential and needed. Some issues such as prophylactic and treatment of thrombotic diseases will be discussed, also when and which should be used.
Experience reports after an internship in the human milk bank
Authors: Mazzaro Conchy Matheus Mychael , Silva Bentes Renan da , Rossete N Furlin Silvia Renata , Felix Brolini Leila Agra , Lima Alvares Marina de , Akemi Nogami Audrey Stella , Galvão da Costa Rosa Maria de Oliveira
Published: March 2022

The work has as its main theme the experience of medical students in a human milk bank. Having used the experience of these medical students as a methodology. Having as a conclusion somewhat curious results.
Ficus sur methanol leaf extract ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardio-renal damage in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Kelechi N Obi , Eugene N Onyeike , Francis C Anacletus
Published: March 2022

Doxorubicin is an effective and still-used antineoplastic agent. However, the clinical use of doxorubicin is marred by life-threatening cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Free radicals have been implicated in the toxicity of doxorubicin. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical contents and protective effects of methanol extract of Ficus sur (MEFS) in doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats, using biomarkers of cardiac, renal functions and oxidative stress as indicators. Phytochemical analyses revealed that MEFS is rich in tannins, alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, but low in steroids. Acute toxicity studies show that MEFS was non-toxic up to 5000mg/kg b.w of Wistar rats. Administration of doxorubicin led to a significant (P< 0.05) increase in Creatine kinase (CK-MB), troponin, creatinine, urea and MDA concentrations. Sodium and potassium concentrations were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Cardiac and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were also significantly reduced. Results also show that pre-administration of MEFS was cardio- and nephroprotective in doxorubicin oxidative damage as evidenced by significant (P<0.05) reduction of elevated troponin, CK-MB, creatinine and urea concentrations. Concentrations of renal and cardiac SOD, catalase and GSH were also significantly (p<0.05) increased by MEFS compared to doxorubicin-treated group. Cardiac and renal MDA concentrations were significantly reduced. It may be concluded that protective effects of MEFS on doxorubicin toxicity may be due to the antioxidant properties of MEFS.
Psychocutaneous disorder due to university stress-A case study
Authors: Romero Heredia Nathaly Alejandra , Guarnizo Chávez Andrés Joaquín
Published: March 2022

Psychocutaneous disorders, or allergies exacerbated by psychological factors in adults, are a group of dermatological diseases, where an underlying condition such as atopic dermatitis is triggered by psychological stressors, and whose diagnosis is made by clinical, questioning, and ruling out others most frequent skin pathologies. It is closely linked to certain triggering psychological factors, which can be stress or anxiety. The present article includes a case study of an undergraduate patient, with the classic symptoms of a skin allergy. However, her case undergoes diagnostic trials without revealing any apparent cause. By means of a more thorough anamnesis, the stress factors that produce the skin affectation are identifiable.
An iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a case report treated by amniopatch
Authors: Tomaselli Concetta Federica , Corica Viviana , Sapia Fabrizio , Panella Marco Marzio , Giunta Giuliana
Published: March 2022

Amniotic cavity contains amniotic fluid which plays an important role to guarantee fetal movements (essential for the skeletal development), fetal chest and lungs development and to protect against umbilical cord compression, fetal trauma and infections. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the rupture of the chorioamniotic membrane before the onset of labor (1). It complicates approximately 2% of pregnancies and it determines a significantly increasing of neonatal morbidity and mortality because in the 40% of cases it causes preterm delivery. The management of PPROM requires a careful evaluation of benefits of prolongation of the pregnancy and risks of intra-amniotic infection, in order to minimize maternal and fetal complications. There are a few possibilities: expectant management, amnioinfusion, sealing techniques; termination of pregnancy is proposed to women in case of high risks of maternal sepsis and very poor fetal outcome. In this paper we report the case of a woman with iatrogenic PPROM post amniocentesis at 17th week of gestation treated by amniopatch. At the end of the procedure maternal and fetal conditions were good and amniotic fluid was restored. The procedure was repeated twice and the patient gave birth at 32 weeks. Currently, due to the lack of evidence in the scientific literature, there is no evidence of the superiority of a therapeutic option over the others. The management of PPROM should be based on the clinical evaluation of the specific case. We suggest considering transabdominal sealing technique when the expectant management failed.
Femoral nerve injury following laparoscopic hernioplasty for inguinal hernia: open exploration of the groin and neurolysis after two months
Authors: Zatagias Apostolos , S Apostolidis , Zevgaridis Alexandros , A Rallis
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Complications after inguinal hernia repairs, laparoscopic or open are uncommon but well known to surgeons. Since the introduction of laparoscopic herniorraphy several cases of nerve injuries were reported but few of them concerning the femoral nerve. Case report: The case of a 36 year old female patient is discussed, who suffered from severe pain in the right thigh and the right knee after laparoscopic hernioplasty for a unilateral right inguinal hernia. The surgeons who operated the patients suggested that the symptoms were due to a meniscus lesion and an earlier prolapsed O4-O5 intervertebral disc. The patient referred to our hospital two months later, where she underwent meticulous clinical and laboratory examination. Femoral nerve injury was diagnosed and surgical exploration was performed where the femoral nerve was found stapled and the staple was “unscrewed” from it. Symptoms radically and rapidly improved after the operation. Conclusion: Good anatomic knowledge and experience is important during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs so as to avoid the “danger zone” and thus injuring the nerves of the groin while stapling the mesh. Diagnosis and treatment of nerve injury following laparoscopic inguinal herniorraphy is a difficult and controversial task for the surgeon. We recommend a meticulous clinical and laboratory investigation; these patients should undergo early surgical treatment when and if needed. Keywords: inguinal hernia, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, femoral nerve injury, groin nerve injury
Sexual initiation and factors associated with it among female youths in west Shoa, Ambo town, Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study
Authors: Nigatu Digafe Tsegaye , Fituma Shewaye
Published: March 2022

Background: Early sexual debut may be linked to reproductive health problems later in life. In addition, the timing of first sex is affected by a variety of factors and this makes the consequences of youth sexuality much more serious. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors that influence youths’ to practice sexual activities and the consequences of these behaviors. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was employed from January to May, 2013 among 675 female youth of Ambo town. A multistage sampling technique was applied. The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Face to face interview using structured and pretested questionnaires were used to collect the data from the study participants. Data was entered, cleaned by using Epi-Info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 16.00 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of early sexual initiation. Result: Nearly half, 48.7% of the study participants have ever had sex. The mean age at first sexual initiation was 16.74 (SD ±2.1) years. Being in age group 20-24 (AOR=2.75, 95% CI; 1.74, 4.34), having paid job (AOR=2.20, 95% CI; 1.19, 4.07), peer pressure (AOR=3.20, 95% CI; 2.08, 4.94), alcohol (AOR=2.17, 95% CI; 1.43, 3.28) and pornographic materials (AOR=2.27, 95% CI; 1.43, 3.61) have significant association with early sexual initiation. Educational level (AOR=0.20, 95% CI; 0.08, 0.48) and being in school (AOR=0.19, 95% CI; 0.11, 0.33), was found less likely to initiate sex earlier. Conclusion: Substantial amount of female youths had started sexual activity that might expose them to different reproductive health problems. In general, educational status, age group, peer pressure, alcohol consumption and watching pornographic materials were predictors for the sexual initiation. Therefore, building life skill, an active effort to promote sexuality education, establishing and strengthening youth center/club should be intensified, particularly for young women, in making informed decisions about sexuality issues to reduce youth reproductive health problems.
Addressing reproductive and maternal health in Latin America and the caribbean – initiatives underway
Authors: Mishra Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Increased focus on reproductive and maternal health not only benefits the mother and her newborn child, but it can also strengthen families and communities. Family planning allows women to space their pregnancies, and can delay pregnancy in younger women, who often face an increased risk of complications. Ensuring safe pregnancies and childbirth is critical. Maternal deaths are the second biggest killer of women of reproductive age. Despite the increase in contraceptive use over the years, many women still do not have access to modern contraceptive methods. In sub-Saharan Africa, e.g., one in four women who wish to delay or stop childbearing does not use any family planning method. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC: focal point of the present paper), 62% of women aged 15-49 want to avoid a pregnancy; however, 22% of these women (23 million in 2014) are not using an effective contraceptive method. Such women (defined as having an “unmet need” for family planning/modern contraception), account for a disproportionately high 75% of all unintended pregnancies in the region. This situation places young people (especially those in the poorest and most marginalized communities) at high risk for HIV/AIDS infection and unwanted pregnancy. Presently, many reproductive and maternal health programs (both in ‘governmental’ as well as ‘non-governmental/private’ sectors) are on move in LAC. Such programs provide reproductive and maternal health services to those in need. One such initiative is: “Family Care International (FCI) program of the Management Sciences for Health (MSH” which advocates for improved sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, and adolescent health and rights in LAC. This writing aims at outlining the framework of working mechanism within which the FCI program functions in LAC. Data used in this work are ‘qualitative’ and ‘secondary’ in nature and method of data analysis is ‘descriptive’; with focus on “case study” approach.
Preconditions for the formation of the investment policy of Ukraine as a key set of measures to ensure economic development
Authors: Veselá Natálie , Hampel David , Yahelska Kateryna , Krasko Vitalii
Published: March 2022

The article focuses on investments as a tool for solving economic development problems of the national economy. Based on the analysis of macroeconomic systems' development factors, it is concluded that it is necessary to accelerate economic development to ensure national competitiveness within the current global economy. The necessity of forming the organizational mechanism for the country's economic growth at a transitional stage of development is substantiated. The analysis of foreign investments in Ukraine is carried out. The paper defines the key points, tools, and measures for forming the corresponding mechanism on the example of Ukraine as an economic system in the transitional stage of development. The organizational scheme for economic growth by executive authorities is proposed. One of the critical roles in this mechanism is assigned to the Investment Department and Independent National Science Council; tasks and functions of these units in the structure of the agency are described.
Tax Planning and Firm Value: The Case of Companies with Different State Ownership in Vietnam
Authors: Le Vinh Hoang , Thi Vu Thu Anh , Nguyen Minh Hoang
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of tax planning on company value of listed companies in Vietnam, using the secondary data from audited financial reporting and other statistical documents of 513 non-financial companies in the period of 2015 – 2019. According to GLS, the research result shows that the tax planning has a positive effect on company value. In addition, state ownership, capital intensive and company size are control variables having a positive impact on firm value, but financial leverage is not. The findings suggest that financial managers should apply SAVANT framework and concentrate on fixed assets allocation and tax benefit of company size instead of leverage or high state ownership.
Comparative Assessment of Capital Income Taxation in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Belarus
Authors: Ahmadov Baghish
Published: March 2022

The marginal effective tax rates (METR) are determined in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Belarus. The METR have high sensitivity from the tax depreciation rate, profit tax and interest rates for all countries. Sensitivity of the METR from inflation is high in Georgia and Belarus but is less in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The calculations show that the current tax burden in Belarus is higher than in other countries (excluding debt financing). The current tax depreciation rate does not provide additional incentives for investment activity in these countries. The calculations are approximate, but they show that the tax depreciation rate depends on the inflation rate to create additional incentives for marginal investment. Georgia has the highest opportunities to increase investment activities by decreasing the real interest rate. Kazakhstan has greater tax advantages in manufacturing than Azerbaijan.
Exchange-Traded Funds Investing in the European Emerging Markets
Authors: Hilliard Jitka , Dat Le Thanh
Published: March 2022

We examine ETFs investing in the equity of emerging European countries. Our sample contains 364 ETFs in developed Europe and 11 emerging European ETFs from 2005 to 2019. Compared to developed Europe’s ETFs, the emerging European equity ETFs are significantly smaller and younger with significantly higher fees. The low correlation of their returns with developed countries and lack of flow sensitivity to the US market volatility suggests that they may be underutilized means of international diversification by investors from developed countries.
The Digitalization Effectiveness as an Innovative Factor Development of the Agriculture in Azerbaijan
Authors: Valiyev Akif , Rustamov Famil Vali oglu , Huseynova Ruhiyya Adilqizi , Orujova Mehpara Sattarqizi , Musayeva Sevil Nizami
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to systematize and justify the factors for the effective implementation of digitalization to ensure the innovative development of agriculture in Azerbaijan. Based on the survey completed by 1,513 senior managers of agricultural enterprises in Azerbaijan, the key factors and barriers to digitalization of agriculture were substantiated: the cost of introducing and using digital technologies, unregulated legislative processes of digitalization of the industry, and the level of cybersecurity. The levels of development of digitalization of the country's agricultural sector have been determined and empirically substantiated the qualitative nature of the influence of digitalization factors on the innovative development of agricultural enterprises using the regression modeling method. The results obtained can help develop a state strategy for enhancing the digitalization of the country's agricultural sector to ensure its innovative development, food security, and diversifying the economy.
Diversification as a Factor in the Efficient Economic Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia
Authors: Popov Anatoliy A. , Karataeva Tamara A. , Danilova Elena V. , Myreev Anatoliy N. , Sergeeva Valentina V.
Published: March 2022

This article empirically substantiates an approach to the diversification of the regional economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The authors used data samples for all Russian regions to determine cause-and-effect relationships between the development indicators of the mining, manufacturing, and construction industries. The authors applied regression analysis and the VAR-model to assess the impact of the diversification of the regional economy on the gross regional product regarding the manufacturing, mining, and construction sectors. The obtained results proved the feasibility of diversifying the regional economy for its stable economic development, especially in the long term. This paper presents a universal approach to assessing the region's long-term economic development through the diversification of its economy.
Giving the medical aid to pregnant women with cervical insufficiency with nutritional magnesium deficiency
Authors:   Lviv national medical University named Danylo Galitsky, Markin L.B. , Shaylovych K.L. ,   Lviv national medical University named Danylo Galitsky, Kunynets H.Ya. ,   Lviv national medical University named Danylo Galitsky, Popovych A.I. ,   Lviv national medical University named Danylo Galitsky, Prokip U.Ye. ,   Lviv national medical University named Danylo Galitsky
Published: March 2022

The objective: of the study was the feasibility of further improvement of giving medical aid to pregnant women with cervical insufficiency, especially with nutritional magnesium deficiency. Materials and methods. The observation group was made of 50 women, in which in 13–16 week of pregnancy was diagnosed cervical insufficiency with presence of nutritional magnesium deficiency (amount of magnesium in blood <0.8 mmol/1). Level of magnesium ions in blood plasma of pregnant women was determined by colorimetric method using the analyzer Cobas 600c (501 module) and test systems Roche Diagnostics (Switzerland). The degree of CIn was determined with Shtembera scale. To correct magnesium deficiency was recommended Magnicum (PJSC «Kyiv Vitamin Factory») 2 tablets 2 times a day with meals. One tablet contains magnesium lactate dihydrate 470 mg, equivalent to 48 mg of magnesium and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) 5 mg. Results. One of the pathogenetic factors of CIn is nutritional magnesium deficiency in pregnant women. The results of correlation analysis showed the presence of a strong feedback (r =-0.83) between the concentration of magnesium ions in the blood serum of pregnant women and the inner diameter orifice of uterine cervix, and direct communication of medium strength (r=0.38) with a length of cervix. In studying of the correlations between blood parameters and morphometric parameters of cervix, was established a close relationship (r=0.78) between the length of cervix and parameters of vascular resistance in small arteries of cervix. At the same time, a weak correlation (r=-0.41) between the diameter of the inner orifice of cervix and hemodynamic parameters in small cervical arteries suggests that the change in diameter of the orifice is secondary in relation to disturbances in blood flow in small cervical arteries. Conclusion. Usage of Magnicumu provides effective correction of hypomagnesemia in pregnant, prevents the progression of CIn, reduces the frequency of miscarriage, reduces number of surgical cerclage of cervix, prevents complications during labor. Key words: Cervical insufficiency, nurtitional magnesium deficiency, Magnicum.
Dynamic of the structure of delivery methods in women with cesarean section in anamnesis
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Nazarenko L.G. ,   Kharkiv Clinical Maternity Hospital No. 6, Nedorezova K.M. ,   Kharkiv Clinical Maternity Hospital No. 6
Published: March 2022

The article presents results of the dynamic of specific gravity of the cesarean delivery (CD) among all methods of delivery, the ratio of primary and recurrent CD, the percentage of women with scar on the uterus after the CD, who agreed to attempt the VBAC and the rate of the cases of successful vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) among them. The objective: to determine the changes in the number of women with uterine scar in the cohort of individuals who pursue their further reproductive intent and have a new pregnancy. Materials and methods. Сlinical and statistical results of the department, belonging to the 2nd level of perinatal care for the 10-year period (from 2008 to 2017). Results. It has been established that the high rate of CD does not influence on the reduction of perinatal mortality (PM) parameters. The CD level above 20% does not influence in respect of reduction of PM, therefore it is not justified from the position of perinatal statistics. Indicator of the CD influences on intranatal component of the PM and almost does not influence on antenatal component. Growth of the index of primary CD has the basis for predicting a further increasing in the rate of repeated CD and women with «operated uterus». Conclusion. The practice of VBAC reduces the level of operations in the department, belonging to 2nd level of perinatal care. Key words: cesarean section, scar, vaginal births.
Change in moult behaviour of African penguins Spheniscus demersus on Robben Island
Authors: Mdluli Andile , Barham Peter J.
Published: March 2022

This paper reports a change in the location of moulting adult African penguins on Robben Island over the period 1998 to 2020. Until 2004, the birds tended to moult along the coastline. By 2020, nearly all the birds moulting on the island appear to do so inland at or near to their nest sites. This behavioural change has implications for estimates of total population size made using counts of moulting birds that do not include the inland moulters.
POST-PACKAGE PASTEURIZATION OF PACKAGED WHOLE-MUSCLE PRODUCT
Authors: Synytsia Olha , Vinnikova Liudmyla
Published: March 2022

The study considers a problem of repeated contamination of delicious products, ready for consumption. The aim of the work is to study the repeated thermal processing of a ready vacuum-packed whole-muscular meat product for inhibiting a surface microbiota.
Today it is urgent for the meat industry, because it influences safety and quality, and also limits a storage term of a product. After bringing a meat product to culinary readiness by thermal processing, it has an unessential amount of microbiota. Microorganisms, including pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic ones, fall on a product after its cooking at cutting, prepa-ration to package and at the package stage itself. Microbiological contamination of a ready meat product results in fast spoilage and is a serious problem for producers, because the microbiota growth shortens its storage life. In its turn, it results in a refuse of a consumer to buy this product and great economic losses for producers.
The study is directed on a possibility of solving a problem of contamination of a whole-muscular delicious meat product. The solution is in package of a ready product under vacuum and short-term heating at a high temperature.
The work is devoted to the complex study of an influence of repeated pasteurization on safety and quality of a product. There was studied an influence of the repeated thermal processing (post-pasteurization) on microbiological, physical-chemical and also organoleptic parameters of a delicious meat product.
The special attention is paid to an influence of post-pasteurization regimes on a microbiological condition of studied sam-ples. Studies of a total amount of microbiota and also the presence of sanitary-representative microorganisms were conducted.
It has been proven, that the use of post-pasteurization essentially inhibits a number of microorganisms, and also doesn’t influence physical-chemical parameters outlook of a product and organoleptic characteristics.
Based on studying an influence of post-pasteurization, it has been established, that inhibition of a microbiota essentially influences safety and prolongs the storage term of a product.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF POULTRY AND FISH FREEZING USING PROTECTIVE PECTIN COATINGS
Authors: Palamarchuk Anna , Kushnirenko Nadiya , Patiukov Serhiy
Published: March 2022

Maintaining the quality of poultry and pond fish as much as possible is important. Freezing poultry immediately after slaughter and fish after catching allows you to solve this problem. Freezing in liquid media leads to an increase in the speed of the process and, accordingly, a better preservation of the quality indicators of products. At the same time, in the process of freezing in brines containing calcium chloride, it leads to the diffusion of calcium ions into the muscle tissue of poultry or fish and the appearance of a bitter taste. To prevent salting out of raw materials, we have proposed the use of biologically inert coatings based on pectin.
The purpose of this study is to study the possibility of using low methoxylated pectin substances to improve product quality. The influence of a number of technological factors on the protective properties of the coating is studied. These factors include the concentration of pectin substances, the pH of the medium, the presence or absence of pretreatment of the surface of a poultry or fish carcass with citric acid. The strength of the coating and its barrier properties with respect to the diffusion of calcium ions have been studied. It is recommended to use a concentration of pectin substances of 3% with preliminary treatment of the carcass surface with 1% citric acid solution, followed by fixing the formed pectin film with 1% calcium chloride solution. Such processing allows to achieve a maximum concentration of calcium chloride in the muscle tissue of poultry or fish of no more than 0.5% – the value allowed by the standard.
It is shown that the use of freezing in brine leads to a significant decrease in the weight loss of the product during storage compared to freezing in air – three times. The use of a coating based on pectin can reduce weight loss by a factor of eight. The quality indicators of products are also much better preserved – water retention capacity, acid number of fat and peroxide value of fat. The organoleptic properties of poultry and fish processed according to the proposed technology are noticeably superior to those of raw materials frozen both in air and in brine without applying a protective coating.
CONTAINER FOR JUICE-CONTAINING PRODUCTS. COMMODITY ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY OF USE
Authors: Verhivker Yakov , Myroshnichenko Olena , Pavlenko S
Published: March 2022

The consumer assesses quality of the goods, first of all, on appearance and registration of its packing. This is especially important for food, as the buyer can not always see the product that is hidden under the package. Thus, consumer packaging is one of the most important components of quality and competitiveness of finished canned food, as the appearance and design of packaging, the buyer evaluates, first of all, the product itself. Therefore, issues related to the manufacturer’s use of packaging for a particular product are paramount. The competitiveness of finished products depends not only on the consumer packaging, but also related to environmental friendliness and its cost. Since after opening the package and using food, consumer packaging is thrown away and must be subsequently disposed of, in this case there are problems that require modern methods of solution (choice of material for consumer packaging, use of modern processing technologies, use of secondary resources, etc. e.). The solution of these issues directly depends on the quality of raw materials, which is also reflected in the materials of the article. To choose the right type of consumer packaging, you need to know its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its competitiveness in the food market. Depending on the type of canned products, juices, beverages, the manufacturer may use specific, most acceptable in this case, the type of packaging. The aim of the work is to consider the most commonly used types and types of consumer packaging, and to provide practical assistance to food producers (juices, beverages, juice products) in terms of choosing the most acceptable range of packaging depending on the type of finished product.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯКІСНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ М’ЯСНИХ ПАШТЕТІВ, ЗБАЛАНСОВАНИХ ЗА ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНИМ ТА ВІТАМІННИМ СКЛАДОМ
Authors: Котляр Євгеній Олександрович , Топчій Оксана Анатоліївна , Чабанова Оксана Борисівна , Левчук Ірина Володимирівна , Паламарчук Анна Станіславівна
Published: March 2022

Сучасні темпи нарощування обсягів виробництва та розширення асортименту традиційних харчових продуктів лише частково вирішують проблему дефіциту повноцінних білків, поліненасичених жирних кислот, вітамінів та мінеральних речовин, проте не в змозі забезпечити збалансованість раціону за основними поживними речовинами. Аналіз тенденцій розвитку світового ринку свідчить про щорічне зростання асортименту традиційних харчових продуктів на рівні 2…3 %, а продуктів для здорового харчування на 40…50 %. Проте, у цьому напрямку вітчизняна галузь суттєво відстає від Японії, Західної Європи, США, де 80…90 % населення забезпечено продуктами для адекватного харчування, тоді як в Україні їх частка значно менша. Враховуючи вищезазначене, набуває актуальності створення вітамінізованих купажів рослинних олій та білково-жирових емульсій на їх основі, з метою часткової заміни тваринних жирів на білково-жирові емульсії (БЖЕ) у рецептурах м'ясних паштетів. Це дозволить скоригувати раціони харчування незамінними нутрієнтами, досягти необхідного співвідношення ω-6: ω-3 жирних кислот, вітамінів: β-каротину та токоферолу і розширити асортимент м'ясних виробів збалансованого складу. У статті розглянута розробка рецептур м’ясних паштетів з використанням білково-жирових емульсій (БЖЕ) на основі вітамінізованих купажованих рослинних олій (ВКРО). Досліджено якісні показники: органолептичні, структурно-механічні та функціонально-технологічні нових рецептур м’ясних паштетів з метою збагачення біологічно активними компонентами. Покращено консистенцію, розроблено 10 нових рецептур м’ясних паштетів.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КРОХМАЛЬНОЇ ПАТОКИ ЯК ОБ′ЄКТУ РОЗ-ПИЛЮВАЛЬНОГО СУШІННЯ В СИСТЕМІ «КРАПЛЯ-ПАРОГАЗОВЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ»
Authors: Жукотський Едуард Костянтинович , Турчина Тетяна Яківна , Декуша Ганна Валеріївна , Макаренко Андрій Анатолійович , Костянець Леся Олександрівна
Published: March 2022

Стаття присвячена дослідженням крохмальної патоки як об’єкту розпилювального сушіння в системі «крапля-парогазове середовище» на експериментальному стенді сушіння одиничних крапель у потоці нагрітого теплоносія.
Рідкий концентрат крохмальної патоки з вмістом сухих речовин 78-83% має високов’язку консистенцію, що викликає ускладнення в багатьох технологічних процесах. Отримання її у формі сухого порошку методом розпилювання дозволить поліпшити умови використання та розширити галузі її застосування.
Наявність цукристих речовин у складі відносно кислих розчинів сприяє прояву властивостей, характерних для аморфних речовин та полімерних матеріалів. За рахунок цього крохмальна патока належить до категорії термопластичних матеріалів – одних з найскладніших об’єктів розпилювального сушіння.
Здатність до висушування колоїдної системи, якою є крохмальна патока, а також адгезійність висушених часток у камері розпилювальної сушарки, закладені в її фізико-хімічних характеристиках та реологічних властивостях. Саме вони визначають кінетику сушіння крапель її розчинів, морфологію та міцність висушених часток під впливом різних температурних режимів.
Дослідження процесу сушіння крапель крохмальної патоки з масовою часткою редукуючих речовин 38-42% проводились з розчинами концентрацією сухих речовин 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% і температурах теплоносія 140 оС, 160оС, 180оС, 200оС. Встановлено, що при вмісті сухих речовин у розчинах ≥50% і підвищенні температури теплоносія до 200оС відбувається миттєве зростання градієнтів концентрації та тиску на поверхні щільної непроникливої оболонки висушуваної краплі, що характерно для колоїдних систем. Свідченням тому є наведені фотоматеріали різких змін форми, розмірів та структури крапель у стадіях кипіння та досушування.
Більш того, різке зростання дифузійного опору процесам вологопереносу призводить до утримання залишкової вологи всередині кралі. Підтвердженням тому стало зафіксоване в процесі вивчення фізичного стану висушених крапель (часток) даних розчинів (≥50%) кипіння водяної пари у вигляді бульбашок, які виникали з отворів крапель під час їх зондування у потоці теплоносія.
Більшу здатність висушуватись до сухого стану, визначену за кінетичними залежностями відносної тривалості зневоднення крапель до крапки кр.3, встановлено для розчинів з концентрацією <50% при температурі теплоносія 180-190оС. Однак, у потоці теплоносія висушені краплі усіх досліджених концентрацій розчинів патоки перебували у в’язко-пластичному стані і проявляли адгезійність. За результати аналізу фізичного стану висушених крапель крохмальної патоки у потоці теплоносія та поза його межами лише після охолодження частки набували твердості при відсутності адгезійних властивостей.
КОМПЛЕКСНА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНА ТЕПЛОТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОДЕРЖАННЯ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО БУРЯКОВО-ТОМАТНОГО БАРВНИКУ ТА НАСІННЯ ТОМАТІВ
Authors: Петрова Жанна Олександрівна , Пазюк Вадим Михайлович , Самойленко Катерина Миколаївна
Published: March 2022

Сучасні технології, особливо процеси сушіння, є енергозатратними. То ж, основними завданнями при розробці теплотехнології в харчовій промисловості є зменшення витрат енергоносіїв на процес зневоднення. Такі наукові розробки дадуть можливість підвищити рівень енергетичної безпеки держави та конкурентоспроможності національної економіки, зменшити залежність України від імпортованих енергоносіїв в цілому.
В зв’язку із поширенням таких хвороб як серцево-судинні захворювання, рак, зміна серцевого м'язу, неправильне перетравлення їжі, послаблення репродуктивної функції основним завданням працівників харчової промисловості є максимально замінити в готових продуктах харчування синтетичні ароматизатори, барвники на натуральні.
На сьогоднішній день в Україні недостатньо виробництва рослинної сировини в порошки, що дозволяють зберегти якість вихідної сировини. Сучасні способи отримання порошку зі столового буряка дають можливість зберегти бетанін на рівні 50-70 % у кінцевому продукті.
Тому розробка нових методів та удосконалення існуючих технологій сушіння столового буряка з метою отримання натурального барвника є важливою та значущою.
Основною сировиною, яка має високий вміст бетаніну з антиоксидантними властивостями є червоний столовий буряк. Ця культура традиційна в харчуванні населення України. Важливим акцентом при переробці методом сушіння антиоксидантної сировини є зниження енергозатрат на процес зневоднення, максимальне збереження біологічно активних речовин та зниження собівартості кінцевого продукту. Користь природних антиоксидантів полягає в тому, що вони здатні вступати в реакції з вільними радикалами, нейтралізуючи їх згубну дію на організм людини. Столовий буряк один із небагатьох культур, до складу якого входить бетанін – продукт ферментативного розпаду холіну, що відіграє важливу роль при обміні речовин в організмі людини.
В даній статті висвітлено безвідходну енероефективну теплотехнологію отримання антиоксидантного буряково-томатного барвнику та насіння томатів. Завдяки використанню м’якоті та шкірки томатів, як натурального стабілізатора бетаніну та двостадійному конвективному сушінню одержуємо якісний насіннєвий матеріал та порошкоподібний натуральний продукт, який завдяки високому вмісту каротиноїдів, пектинів, клітковини, бетаніну, мікро- та мікроелементів може використовуватись в лікувально-профілактичному збалансованому харчуванні.
Буряково-томатний антиоксидантний барвник покращує структуру та консистенцію виробів, додає забарвлення продуктам, збільшує їх біологічну та харчову цінність і може знайти широке застосування у виробництві лікувально-профілактичного призначення.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКІСНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВИРОБІВ З М’ЯСА ПТИЦІ ШЛЯХОМ ВНЕСЕННЯ СТАРТОВОЇ МІКРОФЛОРИ
Authors: Поварова Наталя Миколаївна , Мельник Людмила Анатоліївна , Шлапак Галина Всеволодівна
Published: March 2022

В представленій роботі наведені матеріали щодо розробки технології пролонгування термінів зберігання варених ковбас із м’яса птиці шляхом використання біотехнологічного прийому, а саме, «стартових» культур мікроорганізмів. Пропонується вводити спеціально підібрану стартову мікрофлору у фарш варених ковбас, що є принципово новим підходом для вирішення даного питання.
За останні роки м'ясо птиці стало одним із самих популярних видів сировини для м'ясопереробної промисловості. М'ясо птиці - якісний, багатий білками продукт з низькою калорійністю у порівнянні зі свининою та яловичиною. Різноманітність сировини, володіє різними функціональними властивостями (темне і світле м'ясо, механічно обвалене м'ясо, внутрішні органи), надає необмежені можливості для створення птахопродуктів широкого асортиментного спектру, включаючи харчові, спеціальні, кормові продукти, в тому числі комбіновані, з заданим хімічним складом і властивостями, препарати біологічно активних речовин і т.д.
До складу м'язової тканини птиці входять майже всі водорозчинні вітаміни. М'ясо є одним з найбільш цінних постачальників вітамінів групи В. Також, м'язи птиці багаті макроелементами ( серед яких виділяють за кількістю калій, сірка, фосфор, натрій, кальцій, хлор ), а також мікроелементами ( залізо, цинк, мідь, марганець ), мають важливе значення в обміні речовин. Мінеральні речовини активізують перетравлюваність білків і їх засвоюваність.
Властивість м'яса утримувати воду або її поглинати робить істотний вплив на його якість, технологічні та кулінарні показники. Чим вище водоутримувальна, вологовбирна здатність м'яса птахів, тим соковитіша й ніжніше виходить готова до споживання продукція, тим вище її вихід.
Проведено скрінінг та науково обґрунтовано використання «стартової» мікрофлори шляхом дослідження ряду функціонально-технологічних, мікробіологічних, токсикологічних та органолептичних показників.
Економічно обґрунтовано використання інноваційної розробки для виробництва ковбасних виробів; складена технологічна схема виробництва вареної ковбаси із внесенням стартової мікрофлори; підтверджено підвищення якісних показників виробів з м'яса птиці шляхом внесення стартової мікрофлори.
В результаті отримана продукція високої якості із стабільними у часі показниками.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА СПИРТУ ЕТИЛОВОГО РІЗНОГО ЦІЛЬОВОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Бабич Ірина Михайлівна , Бойко Петро Миколайович , Бондар Микола Васильович
Published: March 2022

В статті проаналізовано причини, що призвели до майже катастрофічної ситуації, що склалася в спиртовій галузі країни. Наявна структура споживання етилового спирту на внутрішньому ринку, коли левова частка спирту використовується для виробництва алкогольних напоїв, разом з фактичною монополізацією цінової політики призвели до того, що спиртові заводи можуть виробляти значно більші обсяги спирту, ніж потребує ринок, а експорт унеможливлює висока вартість спирту. При розгляді ефективності впровадження нових технологічних та технічних рішень практично ніколи не зверталася увага на їх вплив на вартість готової продукції. Так, вітчизняні спиртові заводи здатні виробляти ректифікований спирт високої якості, але потреба в ньому як всередині країни, так і в світі обмежена. Основні обсяги реалізації спирту на світових ринках формуються за рахунок біоетанолу та технічного спирту (спирту для технічних потреб).  При цьому ціни на них формуються з урахуванням конкуренції з продукцією аналогічного призначення, що пропонується виробниками інших галузей економіки. Виробники всіх видів етилового спирту практично не впливають на вартість сировини та енергоносіїв, отже вартість технічної переробки сировини в готову продукцію визначає її ціну на ринку та конкурентоспроможність. Тому розвиток спиртової галузі можливий лише при зміні основних напрямків його використання з виробництва напоїв на технічні та транспортні потреби і врахуванні економічних результатів впровадження технологічних та технічних рішень.