bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the state of psychological characteristics of a person interrogated through tactical techniques of targeted influence
Authors:   Independent researcher, Skorevich Alyona S.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses ways to organize the tactical component of the production of communicative investigative actions, based on a structural approach to the personality of the interrogated person. The subject of the study is the patterns of behavioral reactions of the interrogated to the tactical modus of directed influence designed to optimize the interrogation process. The following general scientific methods were used in the study: observation, analysis, synthesis, structural matrix. The following special scientific methods were used in the study: the “Big Five” psychodiagnostic technique, statistical analysis. The article obtained the following conclusions. The ways in which the person being interrogated reacts during the interaction are based on the psychological characteristics of his personality. The situational conditionality of personality properties is manifested in the current state of psychological parameters. The tendency to react in a certain way has a range of behavioral manifestations in activity. Within this range, reactions may be variable, but nevertheless predictable. Tactical techniques aimed at certain psychological characteristics can have a suppressive or stimulating effect. The conducted research demonstrates ways to optimize the state of specific personality traits of the interrogated. The final conclusion is the proposition that the behavior of the interrogated person associated with giving truthful testimony that is important for the investigation of the criminal case can be corrected by the interrogator. The collected empirical evidence allows us to predict the magnitude of tactical risk when choosing a line of behavior for interrogators. Optimizing the tactical component of the production of communicative investigative actions will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of crime investigations.
The process of modernization in Egypt during 1991–2014 years: to the question of its transformation
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Dombrovskiy Pavel A.
Published: December 2024

The 1990s is the neoliberal period of the H. Mubarak’s presidential term in Egypt. It was the time of the economic miracle, when the GDP growth, decrease of the inflation rate, commercial relations development and the rise of tourism could be seen.
However, this trend came to an end in the early 2000s. The 11th of September 2001 was a bifurcation point. After that day members of NATO began the anti-terrorist campaign. This was accompanied by military invasions in several Middle Eastern states and the attempts by the US to influence their governments to accelerate the democratization process. The result of such events is the deterioration of relations between Arab peoples and the West. Because of that Egypt came to the period of self- preservation, which is connected with the growth of social, economic and political problems leading to the disruption of its modernization.
Another reason of such deceleration is named as conceptual crisis of the west-focused modernization type, which remained in the development basis of Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE) during 1991-2000 years. It’s impossible to readopt a model of the western democracies’ life in the Egyptian society because of the resistance of its historical and sociocultural foundation. At the same time the disruption of modernization, mentioned earlier, was making major changes in Egypt. In this regard, the current article focuses on the question of the possibility of changing modernization - from its western type to national type, which means that local cultural aspects and their synthesis with the world’s modern technologies have remained the basis of development. Methodology of the study is based on the modernization theory (from S.N. Eisenstadt and A. Tourain’s works), world-system analysis (by I. Wallerstein), E. Said’s conception of “Orientalism” and counterculture characteristics from T. Roszak’s vision. Sources for current research are from periodical press, statistical data (Egyptian and international) and also from documents of African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights which belong to the period of 1991-2014s. Historical-genetic methods, historical comparative analysis, and systems analysis are among the tools used to study them.
The Civil War in the politics of memory and historical memory of Soviet society in the 1920
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Porshneva Olga S.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the conceptual foundations and mechanisms for the implementation of the memory politics in relation to the Civil War in the early Soviet period, representations of the memory of it in the political and social practices of that time. The study was based on normative, informational and analytical documents published and archived by the Communist Party and Soviet state bodies (RCP (b)/VKP (b), NKVD of the RSFSR, Red Army, OGPU), as well as on resolutions of workers and employees meetings, letters of Soviet citizens to the authorities and press, materials of the periodicals, poetry. The article discusses the role of the Civil War period in the formation of memory politics in relation to its events, the formation and development of memorial practices, motives and factors for the adoption of the official memorial discourse on the Civil War in early Soviet society. The author analyzes the role of the main actors and tools used in the politics of memory, proves that both the state and society actively participated in the formation of the Civil War image, and the memory itself was “multivariate”.
The study concluded that the period of the Civil War played a fundamental role in the formation of the value, ideological and socio-psychological foundations of its perception in early Soviet society, in the formation of the basic mechanisms of the Bolshevik memory politics in relation to its events. The population needed to overcome traumatic memories of the practices of violence and survival, sought to adapt to the new reality, used reinterpretation of their own experience. Politically active, sincerely believing in the ideals of October, part of the population was involved in the politics of memory, not only responding to the calls of the communist party and the Soviet state, but also showing creative energy and initiative. The interpretative model of the history of the Revolution and Civil War, proposed by the authorities, explained the reasons for the birth of the Soviet state and it prospects, became “a foundation myth”, the core of the new historical consciousness and identity of the Soviet people. At the same time, the memory of the Civil War was multivariate: on the one hand, idealized memory fueled protest moods and behavior, on the other, traumatic memories were preserved among peasants, workers, intellectuals, people who had moved into “internal”, and sometimes open, opposition to the Bolsheviks.
The uprising of Karasakal 1740 (according to the documents of G. F. Miller)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Svistunov Vyacheslav M.
Published: December 2024

The description of the 1740 Bashkir uprising is firstly stated in this article. Its chronology is traced in the archival case identified in the RGADA. The proclamation of Karasakal as his khan by the Bashkirs in January 1740, ended that all the promises he had previously made on behalf of the empress lost their strength and untied hands to her Cabinet to carry out fierce measures to suppress the uprising. The commanders of the tsarist troops ordered the start of military operations. The fiercest battles took place between the rebelled Bashkirs and the royal troops in the Urals. Determined actions of the detachment of Lieutenant Colonel Pavlutsky and his allies from the faithful Bashkirs and Meshcheryaks played a key role. It was their pursuit of the Karasakal detachment in the spring of 1740 that decapitated the uprising at the beginning. The summer final campaign for the capture of the khan began on May 24, 1740. The fight, which predetermined the subsequent course of events, took place on the night of 25 to 26 May, 1740 at the lake Chebarkul. Using field artillery, Pavlutsky’s team managed to push the main forces of Karasakal into the Ural Mountains. The Bashkir rebels, with their families and cattle, convinced that their gathering place had been discovered, began a clandestine movement to the Yaik River to join Karasakal. The new khan himself and his encirclement went away to Yaik unencumbered, securing the freedom of maneuver. After the fight at the Yaik river crossing with the rearguard of Karasakal, Pavlutsky crossed to the left bank, continued to pursue the khan. But he moved very quickly, leaving the chase. He was assisted by Bashkir detachments, which imposed rearguard fights on the pursuers at crossings. When Pavlutsky’s detachment approached Tobol, there was no khan on the left bank, as he crossed the river the day before Pavlutsky’s arrival, that’s how long Pavlutsky spent crossing the Yaik. Karasakal also left the persecution and went to the adjacent territory of the Kyrgyz-Kaisakov. Then Lieutenant Colonel Pavlutsky, having stopped the chase, returned to the Verkhneeyitskaya fortress, where Colonel Arsenyev was preparing the final stage of the military-punitive operation. Three punitive parties with a total number of 2888 people completely devastated and burned down the rebellious Bashkir volosts. When P.D. Aksakov took up the post of vice-governor of the Ufa province in October 1741, he was struck by the scale of the damage. Using the powers given to him, Aksakov investigated the most high-profile cases, trying to give them criminal nature. His activity caused an open confrontation by L.Ya. Soymonov and I.I. Neplyuev. According to R.G. Ignatiev, a new kind of Bashkir rebellion began, but this time "in paper". The final result of this skirmish was the victory of the point of view of Soymonov-Neplyuev on the Bashkir problem, which consisted in the implementation of a tough policy towards the Bashkirs, but with the solution of the land issue in their favor.
Japanese fishing in the Russian Far East at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century: new aspects
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Vorobyeva Evelina A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work, at first, to study the directions and scales of Japanese fishing in the Russian Far East at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries and its impact on the Russian fishing industry, and in the second
place, to consider the actions of the Russian administration (both local and central) in relation to Japanese industrialists. Materials from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East, including some that are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, were used as the sources of the paper. The study of these documents made it possible to find out that since the end of the nineteenth century, there has been an almost continuous expansion of both the directions of action (Sakhalin Island, Amur River, Kamchatka Peninsula and other) and the scale of the Japanese fishing industry. The Japanese continuously increased both their own catch of fish (legal and poaching) and the export of fish to Japan from Russian fishermen. In 1897 the total import of fish to Japan from the Russian Far East is estimated as 700 thousand poods, and in 1909 more than 2M poods were exported to Japan only from the Nikolaev region (Amur River). In 1910, Japan caught about 4M poods of fish in the Russian Far Eastern convention waters. The influence of the Japanese fishing industry on the Russian fishing industry in the Far East was twofold: on the one hand, the Russian industry was losing out in competition with the Japanese; on the other hand, Japan served as the main sales market for Russian industrialists, as well as a source of necessary capital, fishing gear, labor, etc.
As for the actions of the Russian administration in relation to the Japanese industrialists, they canot be described as consistent. If at the very beginning of the fishing activities of the Japanese the policy of the Russian authorities was patronizing, then a series of harsh prohibitive measures followed, which caused an increase in the illegal activities of the Japanese. An attempt to regulate fishing issues was made by signing the 1907 Russo-Japanese Fishing Convention. However, it becomes evident from the archival documents that the convention was not secured and protected by any sufficient means. In addition, there was an evident "conflict of interests" between various Russian departments, and if the local administration (of the Amur General Governorship) advocated the maximum restriction (or even prohibition) of the activities of the Japanese, then the central departments (the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other) encouraged these activities. As a result, the authorities continuously either prohibited or permitted various measures related to Japanese fishing, and the Japanese, wherever they could not act legally, resorted to the methods of "people-to-people diplomacy" (they directly negotiated with the local population, industrialists, etc.) that, in turn, only increased the suspicions of the authorities.
Hong Kong and the PRC Legal Systems Interaction Within the Framework of Reunification of the Chinese Territories
Authors:   Altai State University, Papashvili Georgy Z.
Published: December 2024

The article aims to identify the features of Hong Kong and the PRC legal systems interaction in the context of Beijing’s recover of sovereignty over the former British colony, which is an essential element of the research of Hong Kong’s political system evolution and its specificity at the present time.
The sources which this research is based on are The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Letters Patent (The Hong Kong Charter) of 5 April 1843, Ordinances of Hong Kong’s Supreme Court No. 15 of 1844 and No. 3 of 1873, Royal Instructions of 1917, Application of English Law Ordinance of 1966 and Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance of 1991. Also, British (The Observer, The Manchester Guardian, London Standard) and American (The Washington Post, New York Times) press materials were used.
The article identifies characteristic features of Hong Kong’s legal system, which implies a separate consolidated legislation and a certain degree of autonomy. The author points out that The Basic Law of Hong Kong contains a number of provisions which provide for application of the common law norms and continuation of using the pre-handover legal and judicial systems. For instance, the local courts have the power to cite precedents, which occurred in other jurisdictions of the common law. Analysis of the Basic Law and the Constitution of the PRC reveals that they contain controversial provisions which make it impossible to unambiguously identify the nature of correlation between the documents. Apart from that, the Basic Law does not include clear instructions on how to resolve issues concerning cross-border mutual legal assistance.
The article features the ways of Hong Kong and the PRC legal systems interaction: 1) regarding application of Mainland laws in Hong Kong; 2) regarding The Basic Law of Hong Kong and The Constitution of the PRC relations; 3) NPCSC’s assessment of the laws issued by authorities of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the areas related to the responsibility of Beijing concerning its relations with Hong Kong in order to determine validity of these laws; 4) in the area of mutual legal assistance – mutual recognition of judicial and arbitral awards, the service of documents and transfer of fugitives. Along with that, possible forms of the SAR Hong Kong and the PRC legal interaction are listed.
The author points out that the necessary pre-condition for formation of mutual legal assistance relations is co-existence of the two equally autonomous legal regimes, not striving to dominate each other. Accordingly, it is concluded that the real interaction of the SAR Hong Kong and the PRC legal systems is possible only in terms of partnership on the basis of equality, which can be achieved by democratization of the PRC’s political system and its rejection of sole control of the processes of legal interaction with Hong Kong.
Approaches and methods for studying the discrimination campaign of deprivation of voting rights (1918–1936) in the researches of Soviet and Russian historians and legal scholars
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Kozhaeva Albina A.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is to study research on the Soviet campaign to deprive voting rights. The author of the article sets out to determine the extent to which the issue has been studied and to identify existing research gaps. Of particular interest is the classification of approaches and methods used by Soviet and Russian historians and legal experts in analyzing the mentioned electoral discrimination. Using the problem and chronological method, several periods of research on the specified topic are distinguished: works written from practical positions during the existence of the campaign itself; works on the theme of Soviet historians and legal scholars on campaign to deprive voting rights; changes in research approaches on the specified topic during the 1990s – early 2000s; the current state of the problem. The identification of these periods is associated with the dynamics of the socio-political conditions in the country, which influenced the evaluations of the state policy in the sphere of discrimination and repression during the Soviet era.
Throughout the historiographical history of this campaign, approaches and methods of its study have changed significantly. Starting from the late 1980s, historians and legal scholars have found a place in their works to study the mechanisms and practices of its implementation. However, despite a fairly significant number of works on the topic of deprivation of voting rights, it should be noted that there are few works dedicated to the social and legal discrimination. Thus, the establishment of limitations associated with this rarely appears in the works of researchers. It is also worth noting that sources reflecting the view of persons deprived of voting rights on their discriminated position are often used by authors only to illustrate provisions formulated in other sources included in the personal file (references, cards, protocols of decisions of electoral commissions). Therefore, the campaign of deprivation of voting rights undoubtedly requires further study, but researchers need to focus on finding new methods and approaches that allow for a more detailed examination of behavioral practices and the socio-legal status of the discriminated.
Formation and Transformation of the Penal Policy during the New Economic Policy (NEP) Period in Western Siberia: a historiographical aspect
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Mamontova Darya A.
Published: December 2024

The establishment of Soviet power entailed the announcement of the creation of a new penal system, completely different from the late imperial one. This necessitated research in this field, which continues to this day. The article is devoted to the question how Soviet penal system was studied during Soviet era and nowadays. The aim of the study is to analyze the main trends such as covered aspects, approaches and assessments in the study of this topic. Using the problem-chronological method, periods of study of Soviet penal policy by legal scholars and historians are identified. Separately, the issues of the degree of study of the topic at the regional level (Western Siberia), and the interaction of historians and legal scholars involved in the development of the topic at the present time are presented.
Each identified period of research differs in approaches to the study of the specified topic. Until the 1990s the topic of formation and transformation of early Soviet penal policy was developed mainly by legal scholars. With the advent of access to archival materials, historians have become more involved in research. In addition, the vector of research has changed towards studying the penal policy of the New Economic Policy (NEP) period as an independent one, as well as searching for connections between the pre-revolutionary and Soviet penal systems. At the same time, there is a lack of research on the transformation of penal policy in Western Siberia, although there is research potential in this area.
The works of legal scholars are analyzed separately. Their research interest mainly lies in attempts to apply historical experience to solve modern problems of Russian penal policy. However, there is a weak analytical basis for such studies.
It is concluded that there is no detailed study of the penal policy of the NEP and the need to continue research in this area. Areas of promising directions in the study of the topic are identified, such as the study of the propaganda of Soviet penal policy and the practice of using the labor of convicts without imprisonment.
The State and Market Mechanisms Correlation Problem of the Economic Regulation in Siberian Cadets' Theoretical Ideas and Program Guidelines
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Kharus Olga A.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the thoughts of the Cadet Ideologists and leaders about the role of the state in the economy, on the one hand, and controversial assessments of the Cadets’ views on this issue in the scientific researches, on the other hand. The author’s attention to the specific features of Siberian Cadets’ views on the possibilities of coordinating state and market principles in regulating the economy was undertaken to identify fundamental positions that remained unchanged during 1905–1919, as well as nuances caused by the specifics of a particular historical situation. To achieve the scientific objectives the research works of Tomsk University professors who were members of the cadet party, local party departments' program documents, as well as Siberian periodicals editorial articles of Cadet-oriented publications were analyzed in the given paper. In our research we have revealed the common judgments of the neoliberalism ideologists about the role of the state in socio-economic problems solution. Firstly, a special emphasis is given to the social component of economic policy with a negative attitude towards protectionism and total state regulation of economic relations. Secondly, the compulsory legal basis of state participation in the regulation of socio-economic processes is highlighted. The program documents analysis of the cadet organizations drawn up during the revolution of 1905-1907 allowed us to make a conclusion that the economic demands contained corresponded to the theoretical believes of the
Siberian intellectual elite representatives. At the same time, the program requirements reflected the cadets' desire to broaden the party's social support. In 1917-1919, the Cadets' views on the state role in the economy partly transformed and acquired new signs. Namely, the possibilities of legal regulation of economic processes were questioned in the conditions of large-scale social upheavals, and the emphasis shifted in favor on the idea of private initiative freedom and trade freedom. However, the commitment to the two key principles remained unchanged: 1) the state influence on economic processes must be socially oriented: 2) the state economic policy must ensure private property right guarantees.
“Pamjat” chose fighters, fighters chose “pamjat”: memory, memorials, historical-cultural heritage and commemorations in the practice of student construction brigade movement in the years 1970–1990s
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Shcheglova Tatyana K.
Published: December 2024

The research considers the issues of development of cultural memory among the young generation by means of development of tourist and student construction brigade movement studying local lore between the 1970s and 1990s in the territory of Altai region. The foundation of the source base is constituted by visual sources – photo albums and manuscripts from the State archives of Altai region and the museum archive of Barnaul architecture college together with the reminiscences of members of construction brigades. Theoretical and conceptual basis is presented by the complex of notions and terms of «memory anthropology»: cultural and historical memory, material and nonmaterial historicalcultural heritage, processes of memoralization and commemoration. The accentuation on motives and principles of activity of the young people and their leader has been realized with the help of biographical method.
The author has analyzed Soviet practices on studying, storing and popularizing historical-cultural heritage, organizing memory sites. The research is focused on the foundation and activity of student construction brigade "Memory" that left a significant number of memorial and memorable signs considered as historical-cultural heritage of the region dedicated to a wide range of events and participants of historical life of the region. The author points out three periods in development of commemorative practices: in the context of scouting movement within the frame of «National youth march» with the purpose to immortalize heroes of military and revolutionary history between the 1970s and 1980s; in the context of construction brigade movement with the purpose of extension of memory sites during the 1980s; in the context of removing bans from the previously tabooed events of Soviet history during the 1990s. The algorithm of memoralization is analyzed in order to point out the periods with different forms and ways of work leading to the formation of historical conscience and civic engagement of students. The conclusion is made that the most important feature of commemoration practices was their leaning on communicative contacts between veterans and young people, between authorities and society, based on the principle of solidarity and continuity of generations. The experience of student construction brigade "Memory" demonstrates the efficiency of young people movement technologies in Soviet period and may be highly sought by modern national and communal practice.
Problems of the system for assessing of the environmental state when implementing ecological planning in the USSR in the 1970–1980s
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Ashikhina Darya S.
Published: December 2024

The article is about characterizing of problems that the government faced when assessing the state of the environment when implementing environmental planning in the USSR in the 1970-1980s. The research is based on archival documents such as documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics and documents of the State archive of Ugra. The study is based on the monographs of Soviet and foreign researchers, as well as on the scientific articles by scientists, economists, representatives of Soviet ministries, departments and enterprises.
Ecological planning has been carried out in the USSR since 1975. It relied on statistical information received from enterprises. The USSR authorities understood that it was necessary to take care of the environment. But this was impossible because of the norms on maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances that were in force in the USSR. There were three reasons for this. Firstly, the norms for maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances allowed only to record the damage caused to nature. Secondly, ministries and agencies did not want to monitor compliance of enterprises with environmental legislation. For this reason, environmental performance plans were often not implemented. Thirdly, a system of fines for non-compliance with environmental legislation by enterprises was in development. As an example of the aggravation of these contradictions, one can cite the discussion that unfolded in 1975 - 1976. The discussion was attended by the Ministry of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, the State Forestry Agency of the USSR and the State Planning Committee of the USSR. They discussed whether the fine was rightfully imposed on the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine. To assess the economic effect of environmental planning, scientists worked to create a methodology for assessing natural resources. The creation of this methodology would increase the motivation of enterprises to use natural resources more rationally. In addition, the use of the technique would lead to a reduction in capital and material intensity of production. However, a universal methodology for assessing the value of natural resources in the USSR was never developed.
Thus, the Soviet environmental planning system had a number of imperfections. However, this demonstrated the state’s awareness of environmental problems and its willingness to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on nature.
The new Indo-Pacific order: relations between China, India, and the United States the 21st century
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Yanchao Luo , Jun Xu ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the concept of the Indo-Pacific region, the reaction of world leaders to it, the geopolitical interests of these countries in the Indian Ocean, the goals of their policies, the specifics of the strategy for their achievement and interaction. These issues are explored through comparative, comparative-historical and systemic analysis, as well as a geopolitical approach to the study of global problems. Various forms of cooperation are being formed in the region, which have either a pronounced anti-Chinese or forced pro-Chinese character, which leads to an increase in tension between the countries.
Development of China's space program and its implementation in the Latin American countries
Authors:   Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, Petrunina Zhanna V. , Shusharina Galina A. ,   Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the main stages of China's space program implementation from creating and launching first satellites to modern achievements. The purpose of this work is to study and characterize the space diplomacy of the People’s Republic of China regarding the countries of Latin America at the end of XX - XXI centuries. The research was carried out on the basis of an analysis of official published documents and media materials. The paper notes that the leadership of the PRC considers the scientific and technological development of the state as one of the priority tasks in the short and long term. China's achievements in the space industry allow it to strengthen the country's position in the international arena, reduce the technological gap with the leading countries of the world, and also contribute to the development of the PRC, having a positive impact on improving the quality of life of the population. China is pursuing a policy aimed at enhancing interaction with the international community in space exploration. Along with cooperation in a bilateral format with states from different regions, China has come up with an initiative to create a station on the basis of the Chinese space station, which would become the property of all countries of the world. One of the vectors of China's space diplomacy is the countries of Latin America. Relations between China and Latin American countries in space exploration are mutually beneficial. Along with the creature and launch of satellites, specialists from the Celestial Empire train technical specialists for Latin American states. The most successful space diplomacy of China in the region is being implemented in Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. A significant number of space projects implemented by Beijing in Latin America are financed by the China Development Bank. The Sino-Latin American dialogue allows creating new jobs and interacting in scientific and technological research and education. In turn China gains access to energy and agricultural markets in countries of Latin America. The intensification of China's policy in Latin American countries is also caused by the need to solve a number of geopolitical tasks, including a decrease in US influence in the region and a weakening of ties between Latin American countries and Taiwan. China's space diplomacy is an integral part of strengthening the PRC in the Latin American region, contributing to the integration of cultures and
peoples, and has a positive impact on the country's image in the international arena.
Z.Ya. Boyarshinova in the letters of Novosibirsk historians
Authors:   Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Matkhanova Natalia P. , Starukhin Nikolay A. ,   Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to one of the most renowned and respected specialists in the history of Siberia, a professor of the Tomsk State University, Z. Ya. Boyarshinova. Based on the letters from historians from the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok to Z. Ya. Boyarshinova, it is aimed to find out interests and topics that were common to the senders and addressee, and to reconstruct the personality of Z. Ya. Boyarshinova presented in the letters. The article analyzes about 40 letters from the personal collection of Z. Ya. Boyarshinova preserved in the State Archives of the Tomsk Region that have not been the focus of any research yet. Among them are letters from outstanding historians A. P. Okladnikov, L. M. Goryushkin, M. M. Gromyko, N. A. Minenko, N. N. Pokrovskiy, A. Kh. Elert and others. They contain information about scientific views, academic networks and friendships, organizational and teaching activities, and personal life. To some extent, the letters draw the general picture of the small world that correspondents shared with each other and manifested in frequently appeared topics, names, and realities.
The authors identify several clusters of topics within the collection of letters. The academic-focused cluster is presented by such topics as the organization of scientific conferences; preparation of a collective work “The Peasantry of Siberia in the Era of Feudalism,” dissertation defense, publication of articles and reviews. Historians from Novosibirsk talked about their scientific work - the topics of articles, reports, books, successes, doubts, and discussions. N. N. Pokrovskiy invited colleagues from Tomsk to more actively participate in archaeographic studies, and suggested Boyarshinova as the head of Tomsk archaeographers when discussing the plans for the establishment of the Siberian Bureau of the Archaeographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences. The authors of the letters also contacted Z. Ya. Boyarshinova when difficult situations and conflicts occurred since she was seen as a mediator and ally. Sometimes the letters contain more personal information.
Z. Ya. Boyarshinova appeared in the letters from Novosibirsk historians as a respected and trustworthy colleague, coauthor, and ally. Her portrait presented in letters is quite different from the stereotypical view of her as a tough, dry, and even grim person. The letters from Novosibirsk scholars to her are warm, emotional, and friendly.
“French scientists were impressed…”: Soviet-French scientific links in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry in the second half of the 1970s
Authors:   S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Shalimov Sergey V.
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the scientific links of Soviet and French molecular biologists and biochemists in the second half of the 1970s. This cooperation is associated with the names of the prominent Russian and French scientists. The pioneers of this cooperation were Academicians A.A. Baev, Yu.A. Ovchinnikov, A.S. Spirin, L.L. Kiselev, and other Soviet scientists, and Marianne Grunberg-Manago, François Gros, and Jean-Pierre Ebel, on the French side. Despite the fact that Russian / Soviet-French scientific links, including contacts in the field of biology, are to some extent represented in Russian and foreign literature, only the first steps have been taken in studying the effective interaction of molecular biologists and biochemists of the two countries. Soviet-French scientific cooperation manifested most vividly in the symposia devoted to “Physico-chemical origin of life”, the first of which was held in 1974. Until the mid-1990s, symposia were regularly held alternately in USSR/Russia and France. The author analyzes Soviet-French collaboration in the context of international political situation. Specifically, the research provides comparison between Soviet-French and Soviet-American scientific links. The paper is based on the wide range of new archival sources, first of all on the documents from the funds of the Main directorate of the foreign relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of molecular biology and memoirs. The author studies the symposium in Tashkent (1977) and the results of the foreign trips of Soviet researchers. The paper concludes about achievements in the development of Soviet-French scientific links. Despite the deteriorating international situation, the symposia continued. Due to the trips to France Soviet scientists were familiarizing with the level of research abroad and were receiving valuable experience. At the same, time the author touches upon the difficulties that hindered international contacts. These problems were common for the Soviet science and were caused by the Cold War and the Iron Curtain.
The Education of Ideal Communist: Discourse about Party Meetings in 1960’s
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Rakov Timofey N.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the portrayal of party meetings based on the materials of instructional brochures of the 1960s. These pamphlets were addressed primarily to rank-and-file party members, factory workers or workers on collective farms. It should be noted that the 1960s saw an increase in the publication of such texts covering meetings. It was probably connected with the growth in the number of party members after Stalin's death. The entry of workers and collective farmers into the CPSU, as well as the parallel process of de-Stalinization, required party ideologists to convey to new communists the principles and rules of functioning of party organizations. The textbooks of the brochures did not represent real meetings as much, but rather created an ideal meeting. This was done to give the party’s members meeting an educational function. When analyzing the brochures, we can distinguish three main aspects of the construction of such ideal meetings: a description of their basic functions, criticism of certain shortcomings in their organization and conduct, and the educational component itself. The first aspect, a description of the functions of assemblies, largely echoed the party discourse of the Thaw era, that the CPSU had returned to "Leninist norms" of intra-party life and portrayed the assembly as a space of grassroots democracy. The second aspect, criticism of the shortcomings of the assemblies, also lay within the peculiarities of the Soviet political language. Within its framework, criticism was never meant to question the basic aspects of the system, but it was welcome to criticize some of its imperfections or individual party members who deviated from the accepted norms. When addressing the aspect of education in the texts of the brochures, the author of the article came to the conclusion that the main content of the education of a communist is not even the moral character of a Party member, but above all his attitude to labor. Party ideologues sought to influence the workers, and through arguments about what was acceptable to the communists, called on party members to strengthen mutual
control over labor discipline at work.
Siberia as a socio-cultural space in G.N. Potanin's journalism of 1917–1919
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shevelev Dmitry N. , Konev Kirill A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the journalistic legacy of G.N. Potanin from the point of view of its impact on the formation and functioning of the cultural and linguistic landscape of Siberia. The authors set three main objectives. First, to identify the thematic repertoire of G.N. Potanin's journalism that developed in the pre-revolutionary period, within which images of Siberia as a special socio-cultural space were articulated. Secondly, to identify the nature and direction of the changes introduced by the era of wars and revolutions in the representation of socio-political issues in the region. Thirdly, to establish the factors that determined the stability of the regional narrative set by G.N. Potanin's journalism in various historical, political and cultural contexts.
In the pre-revolutionary period, G.N. Potanin's journalism covered three related topics. The problems of asymmetry in relations between European Russia and Siberia. The range of issues of cultural development of the region with an emphasis on the rise of all levels of education and the formation of an intelligentsia living in the interests of the region. The diversity and specificity of the peoples and social groups inhabiting Siberia, difficulties in the relationship between the indigenous and the alien population. After the February Revolution of 1917, Potanin's thematic range remained the same, but his political involvement and involvement in discussions and direct solutions to issues related to the political structure of Siberia increased. He was concerned about the lack of political maturity among the region's population. Actualizing topical and long-term problems of the development of Siberia in the public field, G.N. Potanin built a sociocultural space in which these problems unfolded. An imaginary space was located on the border of the intersubjective common world and the world created by its author. At the same time, the construction took place on several levels: spatial (Siberia is a special territory, a part of a country with specific conditions and its own interests in various fields); ethnosocial (Siberia is a region with a special historically formed population, combining indigenous and alien elements, and possessing a unique set of features); temporal (the backward colonial past of the region is contrasted with the advanced technocratic future).
Thus, in G.N. Potanin's journalism of 1917-1919 Siberia acted as an integral part of Russia; as a cross-border zone of economic, social, scientific and cultural contacts that contributed to its development and the sustainability of relations
with neighboring countries; as well as a place of application of advanced scientific ideas and a field for scientific and
cultural research and experiments carried by local scientists and educators.
Book review: Chernysheva, M.I. (ed.) (2022) Sovremennoe razvitie slavyanskoy leksikologii i leksikografii [Modern Development of Slavic Lexicology and Lexicography]. Moscow: V.V. Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language, RAS
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Ivantsova Ekaterina V. , Fil Yulia V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The review covers an international collective monograph prepared by scholars from nine countries for the XVII International Congress of Slavists. The book includes 22 essays on thematic, ideographic and semantic dictionaries created in Slavic countries at different periods on diverse materials. Of particular value is the presentation of new, unique, and rare lexicographic projects in the book. The monograph will be of interest to Slavists, lexicographers, dialectologists, and language historians. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
“THEY ALL SPEAK ABOUT THE SAME”: RACHMANINOFF IN THE EYES OF WRITERS
Authors:   Pskov State University, RAZUMOVSKAYA A.G.
Published: December 2024

For the first time the image of Sergey Rachmaninoff, an outstanding composer, pianist and conductor, depicted in memoirs and diary entries, epistolary notes of his contemporary writers, is considered. Famous for his great love for literature, Rachmaninoff knew many people personally or by correspondence. Some, observing the virtuoso musician from the outside (Nikolai Teleshov, Konstantin Balmont, Aleksandr Kuprin, Igor Severyanin), saw him as a rare responsive and selfless personality (“a man shone by God”, according to Kuprin’s definition). Marietta Shaginian, based on meetings and epistolary friendship with Rachmaninoff in 1912-1917, emphasized this “toiler’s” kindness, modesty, and high demands to himself. She caught Rachmaninoffs soul kinship to Anton Chekhov (in particular, his rejection of abstract philosophizing), revealed the composer’s interest in lyrics, contributed to his philological immersion in the world of Pushkin’s poetry. Others, based on communication in exile, felt the restraint and reticence of Rachmaninoff’s nature in his external simplicity, politeness and benevolence. Ivan Bunin, noting the romantic enthusiasm and subtlety of the young Rachmaninoff, in his mature years shrewdly guessed his inner tragedy. The mutual attraction of Bunin and Rachmaninoff, the closeness of their tastes and disagreements are evidenced by the diary entries of Vera Muromtseva-Bunina and Galina Kuznetsova in 1926 and 1930. The dispute, key in the history of the relationship between the two outstanding contemporaries and recorded by literary gifted witnesses, is illustrative. It reveals not only the writer’s piety towards Leo T olstoy and the composer’s piety towards Chekhov, but also the character of Rachmaninoff: he appears as a vulnerable, sensitive, delicate person who evaluates other people’s talent, despite any authority. F or all the worldview and aesthetic differences between the two persons (as the top phenomena of culture in the 19th century), contemporaries (in particular, Mark Aldanov) emphasized the inherent organicity of both of them to the world of Russian life. In the memoirs of Leonid Zurov, a representative of the younger generation of emigration, Rachmaninoff’s image, which absorbed the shock of the revolution, longing for his native place, tired of emigration, is inseparable from the fate of Russia. From the kaleidoscope of writers’ living testimonies, a multifaceted “portrait” of the great and tragic soul of Sergey Rachmaninoff, a person with “a broad nobility of heart” (Shaginian) is created. This image is also remarkable for characterizing the quest of the Russian intelligentsia in exile, with its painful reflections on art and the nature of creativity, on the personality of the artist in a “dehumanized era” (Severyanin), on the fate of the Motherland. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Modifications of the work: from written fixation to sounding fact
Authors:   Tomsk State Philharmonic, Klimenko Vyacheslav ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The article proposes a hypothesis about the presence of two forms, two modifications of the existence of a musical work - a modification of the written recording and a modification of the audio model. If a modification of a written fixation exists only in the text of a work and is understandable only to the performer - a musician, then a modification of the audio model that turns the work into a sounding fact is created by the performer and is available to the listener. It is the change of modifications that ensures the longevity of the work.