bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATIONAL INTERNAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AMONG FAITH BASED NON -PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Iswan Anne Karani , Kihara Allan
Published: July 2022

In the recent years, sociologists and economists have given no much attention to studying Faith Based organizations (FBO’s). Their writings raise unresolved issues related to topics within strategic management. This paper highlights the relationship between organizational internal resources and sustainable competitive advantage of FBO’s. Looks on the theoretical perspective from strategic management to examine the nature of FBO’s for sustainable competitive advantage. Resource-based view, Diffusion of Innovation and Human resource-based theory and Technology adaption theory provide a foundation for analysis the sources of competitive Advantage among FBO’s. The paper reviewed publications associated to non-profit organization internal resources and sustainable competitive advantage among faith-based organizations. The study concentrated on publication range of 2010 to 2021 to help identify the publication trends associated to competitive advantage in the context of non-profit related organization. Upto date most of the publication on competitive advantage are associated to business enterprises with very limited data on non-profit related organization. Through in-depth reading the researcher is able to establish core aspect presented in the text, themes, used theoretical model, number of authors and their contributions of the 8 themes which are presented in the study. The study also presented descriptive data which gave insights on two broad patterns where both qualitative and quantitative data are presented. The reviewed data demonstrated that most of the element on competitive advantage was generated from businesses enterprises related studies with only few articles which came from Non-Profit Institutions which has limited data up to this date.
Case Studies on the Thermally Induced Stresses in Insulating Glass Units via Numerical Calculation
Authors: Schwind Gregor , Paschke Franz , Schneider Jens
Published: July 2022

In the structural design of facade glazing, various types of loads such as dead weight, wind and climatic loads (pressure differences) must be taken into account. In practice, however, there are many cases of damage that can be attributed to direct solar radiation. In these cases, a so-called thermally induced fracture takes place, which can occur as a result of large in-plane temperature differences within the glass. Due to the increasing complexity of glazing constructions, this load type should be taken into account in future glass design. For this reason, thermal-mechanical investigations, were conducted. Commercially used double and triple insulating glass units were considered as vertical glazing and the solar direct absorptance per glass pane was varied. For numerical calculations, measured temperature data from the German Weather Service and free available Clear Sky model data were used as meteorological input. The results show that solar irradiance, along with temperature, is the driving influence on the thermally induced stress in insulating glass units. The investigations indicate that the inner pane becomes relevant on colder days and the outer pane on warmer days. Results also show, that the level of the outside temperature plays a negligible role for the thermally induced stresses of the middle pane.
“Persistence of Horror”: An Overview of Texts on Post apocalyptic World Order
Authors: Mukherjee Sayan
Published: July 2022

In simplest terms, an apocalypse is the massive destruction of the world, which leads to the end of life in it. It is the concept of ultimate devastation that has been borrowed from various religious, ancient scriptures. This paper portrays the images of war, famine, or plague that have become the face of apocalypse in human civilization. It looks towards the dystopian texts as an event that could plausibly lead to a revolution and the subsequent birth of a hero who will redeem humankind. The idea is to project apocalypse on two paradigms – one is large-scale destruction leading to the end of the world and joyous anticipation of a new beginning. There is an array of apocalyptic texts in literature and cinema which are graphic and terrorizing
Cover classifications in wetlands using Sentinel-1 data (Band C): a case study in the Parana river delta, Argentina
Authors: Rajngewerc Mariela , Grimson Rafael , Bali Lucas , Minotti Priscilla , Kandus Patricia
Published: July 2022

With the launch of the Sentinel-1 mission, for the first time, multitemporal and dual-polarization C-band SAR data with a short revisit time is freely available. How can we use this data to generate accurate vegetation cover maps on a local scale? Our main objective was to assess the use of multitemporal C-Band Sentinel-1 data to generate wetland vegetation maps. We considered a portion of the Lower Delta of the Paraná River wetland (Argentina). Seventy-four images were acquired and 90 datasets were created with them, each one addressing a combination of seasons (spring, autumn, winter, summer, complete set), polarization (VV, HV, both), and texture measures (included or not). For each dataset, a Random Forest classifier was trained. Then, the kappa index values (κ) obtained by the 90 classifications made were compared. Considering the datasets formed by the intensity values, for the winter dates the achieved kappa index values (κ) were higher than 0.8, while all summer datasets achieved κ up to 0.76. Including feature textures based on the GLCM showed improvements in the classifications: for the summer datasets, the κ improvements were between 9% and 22% and for winter datasets improvements were up to 15%. Our results suggest that for the analyzed context, winter is the most informative season. Moreover, for dates associated with high biomass, the textures provide complementary information.
Análisis de sinergias entre Isla de Calor Urbana y Olas de Calor mediante imágenes Sentinel 3 sobre la ciudad de Granada
Authors: Hidalgo-García David , Arco-Díaz Julián
Published: July 2022

Comprender las sinergias existentes entre el fenómeno de Isla de Calor Urbano (ICU) y uno de los eventos climáticos extremos como son las olas de calor se ha convertido en uno de los grandes retos de la sociedad que persigue la mejora de la calidad de vida. En esta investigación, se ha determinado la Temperatura de la Superficie Terrestre (TST) y la Isla de Calor Urbana de Superficie (ICUS) mediante imágenes Sentinel-3 de la ciudad de Granada (España) durante los meses de julio y agosto de los años 2019 y 2020. El objetivo es el de determinar las posibles sinergias entre ambos fenómenos en una zona calificada como de alta vulnerabilidad a los efectos del cambio climático. Mediante el método de análisis estadístico Datos de Panel se han obtenido las relaciones multivariantes durante los periodos de ola de calor. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación y en línea con estudios anteriores, indican que los valores medios de TST y de ICUS se intensifican bajo condiciones de ola de calor en comparación con los periodos sin ola de calor (Diurnas: ΔTST=2,2 °C y ΔICUS=0,2 °C; Nocturnas: ΔTST=4,4 °C y ΔICUS= 0,3 °C). Se reportan relaciones entre la ICUS y la radiación solar y la dirección del viento que se intensifican en periodos de ola de calor.
School of Nature : Alternative Education For Students In 21 Century Life Skills
Authors: Ayu Setiawati Nanda , Mailani Elvi , Syam Nst Fadhilla , Surya Edy
Published: July 2022

These 21st century skills need to be developed from an early age through education so that students can live decently in a global society for productive years. The Faculty of Natural Sciences is used as an alternative for life skills education in the 21st century. The purpose of this research is to equip the Indonesian people, especially the government, educators, students and child observers about the importance of child-friendly schools and JIGS Medan in providing educational facilities to students who attend 21. This is to educate about the existence of the school of nature. Century life skills. This survey is an interpretive qualitative survey. In this study, primary data from observations and interviews at Natural School were obtained from observations and interviews at JIGS Natural School Medan, and secondary data from literature studies. The procedure is as follows: Data reduction, data model, conclusion, validation. As a result of research, this well-presented concept provides Sekolah Alam as a child-friendly school solution consisting of anti-bullying programs such as Network People and Nursing, which are implemented in almost all natural schools, for example. worth it. This is a kid friendly concept.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL NOS PROCESSOS DE COLETA SELETIVA VOLTADOS PARA OS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DA LOJA DE ACESSÓRIOS E ELETRÓNICOS EDCELL EM RIACHO DE SANTANA – RN
Authors: Silva Daniel Alves da , Nascimento Antônio Hugo Costa
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Com o grande aumento da demanda quanto ao consumo de eletroeletrônicos nos últimos anos surgem também preocupações quanto ao conhecimento sobre como esses produtos são descartados. A o direcionamento incorreto desses materiais traz uma série de consequências, podendo ser ambientais e também voltadas à saúde humana. No empreendimento foi detectada a geração dos principais resíduos sólidos oriundos da coleta seletiva conforme a Resolução CONAMA nº 275/2001 descreve. Atualmente, o município possui apenas três lojas de acessórios e eletrônicos, por ser uma cidade de pequeno porte e estar em desenvolvimento comercial a longo prazo. Objetivo: descrever a ação desenvolvida que possuiu os principais pontos observados: criar um Plano de Gestão de Resíduos no empreendimento, trabalhar a educação ambiental dos clientes no local sobre o tema destinação adequada dos resíduos recicláveis às áreas de competência. Metodologia: O material utilizado neste trabalho foram os coletores oriundos da coleta seletiva, produzidos através de matérias caseiros, como papelão, tesoura, papel adesivo, fita adesiva e impressão das descrições indicativas de cada cor respectiva ao resíduo reciclável, as aços se deram pela pesagem dos matérias coletados ao longo dos três meses de pesquisa e ao final foi elaborada uma planilha Excel aonde foi alimentada totalidade de cada resíduo coletado, como base teórica utilizou-se a Resolução CONAMA nº 275/2001 além de outros materiais complementares. Resultados: Observou-se através da pesagem dos matérias reciclados ao longo de três meses em sua totalidade que o material com maior peso coletado foi o plástico com 15kg, em seguida vem o metal com 11,5kg, o papel com 11kg e por fim o vidro com 10kg. Posterior a pesagem foi efetuada a destinação adequada dos resíduos recicláveis coletados às áreas de competência, exemplo: cooperativas, associações, catadores que possam dar a destinação final adequada para a realização da logística reversa. Conclusão: Conclui-se neste trabalho que existe a percepção dos clientes em relação a coleta seletiva do empreendimento e pode ser implementado um Plano de Gestão de Resíduos no Local, trazendo maior qualidade ambiental neste aspecto para o empreendimento.
Evaluating the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) as a performance management system for a selected KwaZulu-Natal municipality
Authors:   , Hlongwane Nkululeko Terrence
Published: July 2022

Notwithstanding the unsurpassed planning efforts, municipalities nationally seem to be losing their battle in pursuit of sustainable development. South African municipalities find themselves confronted with a harsh reality and that is that after 12 years of legislated Integrated Development Planning (IDP), poverty remains widespread and persists alongside affluence, while inequalities are increasing. The mechanism of service delivery in municipalities is hampered by bureaucratic settings within Local Government and the ambiguity attached to some of the projects. The service and infrastructural developments targeted for the poor, and the involvement of communities in the affairs of the Local Government might be seen as a partial panacea for poverty alleviation in South Africa, however the capacity of Local Governments to effectively carry out this developmental challenge assigned to them might be a new twist in the developmental challenge facing Local Governments in South Africa. The commonly-employed approach to local development to the challenges of co-ordinating and integrating efforts has revealed clear evidence of the usefulness of sustainable local development which helps to promote effective planning methods based on a multi-sectorial approach to poverty reduction and community development for an integrated local development planning process. The literature review contained in this research indicates that in South Africa the implementation of the IDP at Local Government level impacts upon by the Performance Management System (PMS). This research which has been grounded within the positivist paradigm, evaluates the IDP as a performance management system at Ugu District Municipality. Interviews were conducted amongst employees of the Ugu District Municipality and the community served by the municipality to evaluate the extent to which the IDP is used as a tool to deliver sustainable development.
The economic impact of tourism on the local community of Bergville
Authors:   , Mabaso Simiso Lindokuhle
Published: July 2022

Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in the local national economy. The outstanding beauty of the northern Drakensberg is a prime tourist attraction in KwaZulu-Natal, attracting a regular flow of tourists throughout the year (Drakensberg Tourism, 2007). The primary objective of this research is to investigate whether the benefits of tourism that are supposed to be reaped by the local community of Bergville, exist. If so, what are these benefits? There might be people from the local community, who are working within the tourism sector, but what are the types of jobs that they do, their level of job-satisfaction, and the extent to which they are able to earn a living from employment within the tourism sector? Do they have the necessary skills and training to allow them to make a successful career within sector? The White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism (DEAT, 1996), states that with any tourism development in the local communities, local people should be involved in the decision making. They should be trained if they lack the necessary skills required to participate in that development. All these issues are relevant to Bergville as the region has a lot of tourism development, and it is a place that integrates tourism and conservation. The results and conclusions of this study are based on a sample of 307 members of the Bergville local community and 15 local tourism establishments including hotels, Bed and Breakfasts and community tourism organisations. The results suggest that tourism has a greater potential for job creation in the area, that the local community lack the requisite skills and understanding to fully reap the benefits that tourism can bring to their community and that the local tourism authority is not carrying out its mandate to support tourism in Bergville. Policy recommendations include greater collaboration amongst the community, the local tourism authorities and the private sector to promote Bergville as a prime tourism destination in the Drakensberg.
Client perception of service delivery in the South African Police Service commmunity service centres in the greater Durban area
Authors:   , Ngobese Ndabezinhle
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of members of the public towards South African Police Service (SAPS), service delivery in the Community Service Centre (CSC) in the greater Durban area. The focus of the study was based on measurement of service quality dimension and service delivery in order to generate quality models for SAPS CSC. This study focuses on the determination of client perception of quality at the SAPS CSC. The main objective was to develop an understanding of the clients‟ perception of the service delivery by the SAPS CSC. The Servqual Model was used to establish the client‟s perceptions against their expectations of service quality at the SAPS CSC. The person-administered survey was used as the most appropriate technique. Four hundred respondents were surveyed. The data was analysed using Descriptive and Inferential statistics. The five service quality dimensions of the Servqual Model were used to measure client‟s expectations and perceptions. The results indicated that in all five service quality dimensions; (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) there was a negative quality gap. The significant differences between perception and expectation of clients in all five service quality dimensions were noted. Improvement is needed across all five service quality dimensions to improve service delivery. Furthermore, the result has revealed that client‟s perception of service quality at the SAPS CSC falls below their expectations, presenting a great challenge to the organisation. In order to improve service quality, it is recommended that SAPS need to regularly assess and monitor employees, as well as clients experiences and provide feedback.
Employee perceptions of project management at the Durban University of Technology
Authors:   , Perumal Manoshni
Published: July 2022

Project Management for many years have been conducted using a traditional model with the focus being on time, cost and quality and its overall success on managing the organizations more effectively. Organisations are moving towards the use of a more modernistic approach where the focus is being extended to include cost, time, quality and linked to the strategic objectives, reward and recognition systems and building teams. The goals of the project must be communicated to all those who are involved in its implementation in order to ensure project success. Project managers who get people to want to do what they want by sharing their purpose, vision, and values also establish emotional and intellectual ties that result in sustained commitment. As the demand for project management increases, so does the use of tools and techniques. Project management offers a very structured approach to managing projects. The success of a project will be determined on the ability of the project manager to plan and develop a project, to implement, monitor and control and evaluate the project progress. DUT is faced with situation where there is an enormous demand by staff to participate in project management training. Many of these staff are directly involved in project management whilst others have requested this training as part of their capacity building drive. This study examines the perception of staff members who have attended the project management training with a view to making recommendations on how to improve project management at DUT. It also demonstrates the evaluation of the facilitator, the course content as well as the project management’s relatedness to the demographic profile of the University sample and presents and presents the perceptions of the respondents to the questionnaire. The method of research was largely quantitative and enabled comparison to be quantified. A self-administered closed-response questionnaire was adapted and used to obtain the information required. The study further investigated the staff members’ perception on project failure in respect of lack of user involvement, long timescales, failure to track the progress of projects, no formal change control, inadequately training project managers, poor leadership, cultural misalignment, poor planning and inadequate tracking and reporting. The dissertation makes recommendations on the project management course programme and the critical role of the project manager and the project team.
Factors influencing the construction project success rates of Reconstruction Development Programme (RDP) housing projects in the Eastern Cape : a quality perspective : a census study
Authors:   , Gabula Zandisile Herbert
Published: July 2022

There were several problems facing Reconstruction and Development Programmes (RDP) housing projects caused by contractors using unskilled labour, misuse of funds, fraudulent claims, contractors asking for additional money or having left site. The overall scope of projects had no plan and no clear definition, poor project management and there was a lack of strategies to improve the quality of projects. This study recommends that it is imperative that project team members involved in the management of RDP housing projects have the necessary skills and level of education to execute their duties. Moreover, the Department of Housing and Local Government (DHLG) should draft a policy on Quality Management Systems (QMS)/good practices in respect of its project scope of works so that all stakeholders conform to the set standards. The people who are due to benefit from this housing are left in a state of despair, confusion and loss of hope from Government promises, with a subsequent increase in informal settlements. The aim of the study was to investigate factors influencing the success rate of RDP housing in the Eastern Cape. This case study employed a quantitative approach to collect data. Questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely, correlation t-test and Anova. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 50 respondents from the Department of Housing and Local Government (DHLG) in the Eastern Cape Province. The advantage of this sampling technique is to reduce data to an intelligible and interpretable form so that the relationship between research problems can be studied and tested and conclusions drawn. The DHLG could significantly improve the quality management of low-cost homes if it adopts the Project Alignment Model.
The role of interpersonal communications in managing South African - German business relationships
Authors:   , Scheming Oleg
Published: July 2022

Communication is the basis of all relationships. Be it personal or professional, people cannot do without healthy and effective communication especially, when it comes to business. Good communication skills are of vital importance. While most countries do speak English, which is the globally accepted ‘business’ language, there are still big challenges with language as well as cultural differences. This study aimed to investigate the role of interpersonal communications in manag- ing South African – German business relationships. The objective of this study was, firstly, to identify which communication channels South African business organiza- tions use to communicate with German businesses and, secondly, to explore the associated problems experienced by South African business people. Based on the investigated problems, recommendations were provided on the technical level and the personal level as to how communication can be made more effective to improve South African and German business relationships. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a quantitative study was con- ducted by means of self-administered e-mail based questionnaires. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted using self-administered interviews based on the quantitative results of this study. In both cases, the respondents were purposively selected. Conclusions and recommendations were thereafter drawn from the findings of the study in comparison with the literature review. The results showed that effective communication in business is not as easy as it of- ten seems. There are problems in business communications between South African and German business partners mainly based on the cultural differences. The report recommended that companies should invest more in training and work- shops in order to help communication partners to understand cultures abroad and to understand the communication habits of overseas business people.
BİR AR-GE MERKEZİNDE KALİTE FONKSİYON GÖÇERİMİ (KFG) İLE ÜRÜN GELİŞTİRME UYGULAMASI
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Fatma , BÜYÜK Barış
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, inşaat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir Ar-Ge merkezinde Kalite Fonksiyon Göçerimi (KFG) ile mermerin sağlamlaştırılması için kullanılan epoksi dolgu jelin müşteri istekleri doğrultusunda nasıl geliştirilebileceğinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın başında, firmanın Ar-Ge merkezinde çalışan mühendis, tekniker, teknisyen ve diğer çalışanların katıldığı bir kalite ekibi oluşturulmuştur. Kalite ekibi ile gerçekleştirilen çalıştay sayesinde kalite evi oluşturulmuş ve KFG uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Kalite evine göre en önemli ilk üç müşteri ihtiyacı; jelin kullanım öncesi donmaması, jelin bir zemine uygulanması esnasında kullanılan aparatta durması ve B komponentinin sulanma açısından homojen olması yani ürünün çok akışkan olmamasıdır. Müşteri isteklerini karışlamak için iyileştirilmesine karar verilen en önemli ilk üç teknik gereksinim; ısıtma yaparak üretim, kalite kontrol oluşturulması ve farklı ölçüde ambalajların kullanılmasıdır.
Özgünlük: Çalışmanın literatüre katkısı, bir inşaat firmasında jel üretim süreci için KFG yöntemi kullanılmasıdır. Makalede, ilk defa jel üretim sürecinde KFG yönteminin kullanımı adım adım sunulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, literatürde kısıtlı sayıda bulunan KFG’nin inşaat sektöründeki bir ürünün geliştirilmesi alanındaki uygulamalarını zenginleştirmektedir.
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Authors: Wen Zuozhu , Browning Thomas J. , Dai Rongbo , Wu Wenwei , Li Weiying , Hu Xiaohua , Lin Wenfang , Wang Lifang , Liu Xin , Cao Zhimian , Hong Haizheng , Shi Dalin
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The availability of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) have been shown to be key factors regulating rates of nitrogen fixation in the western Subtropical Pacific. However, their relative importance at finer spatial scales between the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and the western boundary of the North Pacific is poorly constrained. Furthermore, nutrient limitation of specific diazotroph types has not yet been assessed. Here we investigated these unknowns by carrying out measurements of (i) finer scale spatial variabilities in N2 fixation rates and diazotroph abundances throughout these regions, and (ii) conducting eight additional Fe and phosphate addition bioassay experiments where both changes in N2 fixation rates and the abundances of specific diazotrophs were measured. Overall, nitrogen fixation rates were lower in the NSCS than around the Luzon Strait and the western North Pacific, which we hypothesize was due to lower Fe-to-fixed nitrogen supply ratios that decrease their competitive ability with non-diazotrophic phytoplankton. The nutrient addition bioassay experiments demonstrated that nitrogen fixation rates in the central northern South China Sea (NSCS) were co-limited by Fe and P, whereas in the western boundary of the North Pacific they were P-limited. Changes in the abundances of nifH in response to nutrient addition varied in how well they correlated with changes in nitrogen fixation rates, and the largest responses were always dominated by either Trichodesmium or UCYN-B. In general, nutrient addition had a relatively restricted impact on diazotroph community structure apart from on UCYN-B, which showed increased contribution to the diazotroph community following P addition at sites where N2 fixation rates were P-limited. We further hypothesize the importance of absolute Fe supply rates in regulating spatial variability in diazotroph community structure across the study area.
Long-term and short-term inorganic carbon reservoirs in Aegean seawater – an experimental study
Authors: Gäb Fabian Matthias , Ballhaus Chris , Siemens Jan
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The relevant literature does not explicitly address the fact that there are two fundamentally different inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoirs in seawater; (1) a long-term "background" DIC reservoir that is not in net-transfer equilibrium with the atmosphere, and (2) a short-term "atmospheric" DIC reservoir that is fed by atmospheric pCO2. In addition, we may define a third "anthropogenic" DIC reservoir that quantifies the increase in DIC since industrialization. We perform experiments to quantify these reservoirs. We equilibrate Aegean seawater with N2-O2 (79:21) gases with variable pCO2 from < 10 to 100,000 µatm, and pure CO2 gas. We quantify electrochemically the changes in pH and, by titration and IR spectroscopy, total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that occur with variations in pCO2. About 78 % of the Aegean DIC is “background“, introduced into the Aegean sea by the long-term carbon cycle, i.e. riverine input, remineralization of organic carbon, and hydrothermal CO2. In terms of concentration and in the short term, this reservoir is independent of atmospheric pCO2. About 22 % of DIC is atmospheric in origin and is in exchange equilibrium with atmospheric pCO2. The anthropogenic contribution to the atmospheric DIC reservoir is derived by measuring the increase in DIC between 280 (pre-industrial) and 410 µatm (present-day) pCO2 and quantified at around 26 %. Our experiments also allow projections into the future. It has been suspected that increasing atmospheric pCO2 lowers the CO2 absorption capacity of ocean surface water. Our data confirm this assessment. When the pCO2 increases, the pH and the CO32--concentration fall, and with them the ability of seawater to hydrolyze CO2. Without measures to limit anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the absorption capacity of Aegean seawater in the year 2100 will be only about one half of the absorption capacity of today.
Technical Note: Bioaerosol identification by wide particle size range single particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xuan , Li Lei , Zhuo Zeming , Zhang Guohua , Du Xubing , Li Xue , Huang Zhengxu , Zhou Zhen , Cheng Zhi
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The sources of bioaerosols are complex and diverse, which have a direct impact on the environment, climate, and human health. The effective identification of bioaerosols in the atmosphere is greatly significant for accurately obtaining the atmospheric chemical characteristics of bioaerosols and making biological early warnings and predictions. To improve the identification ability of bioaerosols, this study detected a variety of bioaerosols and abiotic aerosols based on a single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). Furthermore, the bioaerosol particle identification and classification algorithm based on the ratio of phosphate to organic nitrogen was optimized to distinguish bioaerosols from abiotic aerosols. The results show that 15 kinds of pure fungal aerosols were detected by SPAMS based on a wide range sampling system and that fungal aerosols with a particle size up to 10 μm could be detected. Through the mass spectra peak ratio method of PO3- / PO2- and CNO- / CN-, when discriminating abiotic aerosols, such as disruptive biomass combustion particles, automobile exhaust, and dust, from pure bacterial aerosols, the discrimination degree was up to 97.7 %. The optimized ratio detection method of phosphate to organic nitrogen has strong specificity, which can serve as the discriminant basis for identifying bioaerosols in SPAMS source analysis or other analytical processes.
Chemical Abrasion: The Mechanics of Zircon Dissolution
Authors: McKanna Alyssa J. , Koran Isabel , Schoene Blair , Ketcham Richard A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Chemical abrasion is a technique that combines laboratory annealing and partial dissolution in hydrofluoric acid (HF) to selectively remove radiation-damaged portions of zircon crystals prior to U-Pb isotopic analysis, and it is applied ubiquitously to zircon prior to U-Pb isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). The mechanics of zircon dissolution in HF and the impact of different leaching conditions on the zircon structure, however, are poorly resolved. We present a microstructural investigation that integrates microscale X-ray computed tomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate zircon dissolution in HF. We show that µCT is an effective tool for imaging metamictization and complex dissolution networks in three dimensions. We find that most grains do not dissolve predominantly from rim-to-core. Acid frequently reaches crystal interiors via fracture networks spatially associated with radiation damage zoning and inclusions to dissolve higher U zones, material in the vicinity of fractures, and some inclusions. Other acid paths to crystal cores include the dissolution of surface-reaching inclusions and the percolation of acid across zones with high defect densities. In highly crystalline samples dissolution is crystallographically-controlled with dissolution proceeding almost exclusively along the c-axis. Increasing the leaching temperature from 180 °C to 210 °C results in deeper etching textures, wider acid paths, more complex internal dissolution networks, and greater volume losses. We discuss the implications of our findings for zircon ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology and paired trace element analyses, radiation damage annealing models, and for using µCT for imaging radiation damage zoning for (U-Th)/He thermochronology.
PREDICTION OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN 2030 USING THE INTEGRATION OF THE CA-ANN LAND COVER CHANGE METHOD WITH NUMERIC EXTRAPOLATION IN KARAWANG-BEKASI, INDONESIA
Authors: Ihsan K. T. N. , Anantri N. M. K. , Syamsu A. A. , Mustika F. C.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Population growth continues to increase every year. It is recorded that in 2022 the world population will reach 7,953,952,567 or an increase of 1% from 2021. The increasing number of residents encourages land use/land cover changes to become settlements. In addition to changes in land use/land cover, there is also population mobilization from one place to another. This population movement will coincide with developments that will occur in the area. Monitoring population distribution is necessary to have no concentration in only one area. Areas with too dense a population will cause many problems such as the emergence of slum buildings, congestion, and flooding. In this case, the population density is centralized due to poor regional planning. The absence of prediction of future population distribution is one of the reasons why urban planning in the future is not optimal. This study aims to predict the distribution of the population in 2030. In predicting the distribution of population in 2030, it integrates the prediction of land use/land cover in 2030 with the prediction of the population in 2030. In predicting land use/land in 2030, land use/land in 2005 and 2010 is used as the primary data for change prediction. The method used to predict changes in land use/land cover is the CA-ANN method by considering the driving factors of changes in the form of altitude, distance from the river, and distance from the road. Predicting the population of 2030 will be done by extrapolation using the three mathematical equations approach, they are linear, exponential, and power equation. The results of the prediction of land use/land and population in 2030 are then used to predict the population distribution in 2030. From the results, In the 2030 there was an increase in the class of settlements which reached an area of 745,169 Km2 with the overall accuracy of the land cover model reached 82%. The largest population projection come from exponential equation that until 13024668 in 2030. The model population distribution in 2030, show that there is no significant different between three projection model to be used in model population distribution 2030. It is hoped that this research can be a reference for policymakers in planning sustainable urban development.
ANALYZING IMPACTS OF LAND COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA
Authors: Jeyachandran I.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Land Surface Temperature plays a critical role in the land surface-atmosphere exchange processes. In this study, the impacts of land cover changes on land Surface Temperature in bay area, California was analyzed. The key findings of the land cover change impacts study are presented. National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data and Landsat Land Surface Temperature data were used for this study. The time period of analysis is 2001 through 2020. The results of the study indicated that with the increase in built land cover, the land surface temperature in bay area, California exhibited a significant increase.
STUDYING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION ON SURFACE VEGETATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA USING REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Jones S. M. , Hossain A. K. M. A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The fertile soils of the Mississippi Delta physiographic province allow for the region to be a large producer of cotton, soy, rice, and other crops for commercial use. However, the extensive use of groundwater for irrigation raised concerns about the possible depletion of groundwater in this region. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential impact of groundwater depletion on surface vegetation in the Mississippi Delta region. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data provides the opportunity to monitor the changes in the groundwater surface through recording gravity fluctuations over the entire planet, with data released every month. Pairing information provided by GRACE with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, it is possible to see if there is a correlation between the changes in the groundwater levels over a period from 2011 to 2020, and the overall vegetative health of the region. This paper presents the obtained preliminary results of this study.
INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE CHANGES USING THE MANGROVE VEGETATION INDEX AND RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION IN THE GAMBIA
Authors: Ligono L. K. , Okolie C. J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The extraction of mangrove forests from satellite imagery is usually accomplished using image classification algorithms. Recently, the mangrove vegetation index (MVI) was developed for rapid and accurate mapping of mangrove extent from remotely sensed imageries. In this study, we combine two techniques (random forest classification and the MVI) to improve the detection of mangrove changes within the Bintang Bolong Estuary in The Gambia. The two techniques were implemented on Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imageries covering the study area at two periods - 2017 and 2020. The random forest classifier was used to extract the full land cover information from which the mangroves were separated, while the MVI was implemented using the green, near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands. Subsequently, the results were extracted for interpretation and analysis. The image classification results showed an increase in mangroves from 38.6 km2 in 2017 to 41.5 km2 in 2020. The areal extent of mangroves from image classification was positively correlated with the MVI-generated extent. The findings prove the importance of combining image classification and spectral indices for gaining more comprehensive perspectives of mangrove changes.
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION INTEGRATED WITH BIG DATA TO AGRICULTURAL HAZARD MONITORING IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Virtriana R. , Riqqi A. , Anggraini T. S. , Fauzan K. N. , Ihsan K. T. N. , Mustika F. C. , Atmaja F. W. , Suwardhi D. , Harto A. B. , Sakti A. D. , Deliar A. , Soeksmantono B. , Wikantika K.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Food security is highly dependent on three aspects, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization. The availability aspect depends on food supply which is identical to agricultural productivity. West Java Province is the third national rice producer with 16.6%, but West Java Province is the most extensive rice consumer, around 21.1% of the total national rice consumption. Agricultural productivity can decline due to natural hazards such as floods and droughts. Monitoring floods and droughts in paddy fields are necessary to prevent decreased agricultural productivity. This study aims to monitor the rice fields from the dangers of flooding and drought every month. Agricultural hazard monitoring is divided into two parameters, namely static parameters and dynamic parameters. Dynamic parameters are observed every month so that the hazard index is generated on a monthly scale. GIS and Remote sensing data are integrated to perform agricultural hazard modelling. Furthermore, this agricultural hazard modelling results will be strengthened by using big to provide information about an almost real-time event that can be accessed through the Application Program Interface (API) service. This study uses a data mining system from Drone Emprit that performs data mining on Twitter and news portals with machine learning technology (probabilistic classifier) and Natural Learning Process. The results obtained are around 15,000 data from January 1 to November 1, 2021, and 37.9% of them are identified by location based on the city or district level in West Java Province. It is hoped that the policy-maker can consider the area of agricultural land that requires assistance to increase productivity and plan a policy to support agriculture in West Java in the future.
ASSESSMENT OF WETLAND DYNAMICS AND LOSS IN TERREBONNE PARISH USING REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Apraku C. Y. , Twumasi Y. A. , Ning Z. H. , Owusu F. , Anokye M. , Loh P. M. , Asare-Ansah A. B. , Frimpong D. B. , Armah R. N. D. , Oppong J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The coast of Louisiana is a major zone of the Gulf of Mexico and an ecologically critical area for both carbon sequestration and habitation of diverse ecosystems. The ten major marine sectors each have annual GDPs of tens of billions of dollars annually. In 2019 alone, these sectors provided 2.4 million high-paying jobs, 397 billion in goods and services and another estimated 667.5 billion in sales. Aside these obvious benefits that coastal wetlands provide, they also help to reduce inland flooding and coastal erosion. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), about 32% of Louisiana alone is made up of wetlands. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that Louisiana has been losing wetlands since the late 1930’s and that the current rate of loss will result in total wetland loss in another two hundred years. Satellite data were obtained from Landsat 8 satellite imaging. The data was trained and processed using QGIS free software to produce maps. The maps were then analyzed and interpreted. The results of this study affirmed a gradual decline in wetland area with a major increase in vegetation cover in Dulac, supporting some findings by the USGS in 2017 which classified Louisiana’s current rate of as low compared to the 1930’s and 1970’s. However, wetland dynamics is a complex series of events that occur over time and requires constant tracking and monitoring to provide evidence-based practical and applicable results that will suit the ever-emerging dynamics of management, policymaking, restoration, and management of wetlands themselves.
MULTI-SCENARIO SPATIAL MODELING OF HEALTH FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
Authors: Anggraini T. S. , Anantri N. M. K. , Pratama R. P. , Rahadianto M. A. E. , Syetiawan A. , Sakti A. D.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The availability of health facilities that the community can easily reach is one way to improve the degree of health of residents in a region. The ratio of the number of health facilities and residents in Indonesia is currently only about 1:11000. In addition, the equalization of health facilities in Indonesia is also reasonably uneven because the number of health facilities is more centralized in Java, Indonesia. The transfer of the New Capital of Indonesia launched in 2024 to the island of Kalimantan makes Kalimantan Island a magnet for new people's lives, so it needs to be considered infrastructure development, especially in the health sector. This research attempts to model the conformity of health facilities development on the island of Kalimantan spatially by considering the aspect of accessibility as support and comfort and disaster aspects as a barrier. The accessibility aspect will consider geographical and social criteria, the comfort aspect will consider the criteria for air pollution and noise pollution, and the disaster aspect will consider the criteria for floods, landslides, and forest fires. The integration of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Technology will be carried out using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). This study will produce recommendations for the appropriate area for the construction of health facilities on the island of Kalimantan. This study is expected to be a consideration for authorized parties in planning health facilities on the island of Kalimantan in preparation for becoming the Capital of the New Country in Indonesia.
MULTIPLE OIL PAD DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Giri A. , Sajith Variyar V. V. , Sowmya V. , Sivanpillai R. , Soman K. P.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) algorithms are widely used in object detection such as roads, vehicles, buildings, etc., in aerial images. However, the object detection task is still considered challenging for detecting complex structures, oil pads are one such example: due to its shape, orientation, and background reflection. A recent study used Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (FR-CNN) to detect a single oil pad from the center of the image of size 256 × 256. However, for real-time applications, it is necessary to detect multiple oil pads from aerial images irrespective of their orientation. In this study, FR-CNN was trained to detect multiple oil pads. We cropped images from high spatial resolution images to train the model containing multiple oil pads. The network was trained for 100 epochs using 164 training images and tested with 50 images under 3 different categories. with images containing: single oil pad, multiple oil pad and no oil pad. The model performance was evaluated using standard metrics: precision, recall, F1-score. The final model trained for multiple oil pad detection achieved a weighted average for 50 images precision of 0.67, recall of 0.80, and f1 score of 0.73. The 0.80 recall score indicates that 80% of the oil pads were able to identify from the given test set. The presence of instances in test images like cleared areas, rock structures, and sand patterns having high visual similarity with the target resulted in a low precision score.