bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
$$L^\infty (\Omega )$$ a priori estimates for subcritical semilinear elliptic equations with a Carathéodory non-linearity
Authors: Pardo Rosa
Published: February 2023

We consider a semilinear boundary value problem $$ -\Delta u= f(x,u),$$

-
Δ
u
=
f
(
x
,
u
)
,

in $$\Omega ,$$

Ω
,

with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N $$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $$N> 2,$$

N
>
2
,

is a bounded smooth domain, and f is a Carathéodory function, superlinear and subcritical at infinity. We provide $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

a priori estimates for weak solutions in terms of their $$L^{2^*}(\Omega )$$

L

2
∗

(
Ω
)

-norm, where $$2^*=\frac{2N}{N-2}\ $$

2
∗

=

2
N

N
-
2

is the critical Sobolev exponent. In particular, our results also apply to $$f(x,s)=a(x)\,\frac{|s|^{2^*_{N/r}-2}s}{\big [\log (e+|s|)\big ]^\beta }\,$$

f

(
x
,
s
)

=
a

(
x
)

|
s
|

2

N
/
r

∗

-
2

s

[

log

(
e
+
|
s
|
)

]

β

, where $$a\in L^r(\Omega )$$

a
∈

L
r

(
Ω
)

with $$N/2<r\le \infty $$

N
/
2
<
r
≤
∞

, and $$2_{N/r}^*:=2^*\left( 1-\frac{1}{r}\right) $$

2

N
/
r

∗

:
=

2
∗

1
-

1
r

. Assume $$N/2<r\le N$$

N
/
2
<
r
≤
N

. We show that for any $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

there exists a constant $$C_\varepsilon >0$$

C
ε

>
0

such that for any solution $$u\in H^1_0(\Omega )$$

u
∈

H
0
1

(
Ω
)

, the following holds: $$\begin{aligned} \Big [\log \big (e+\Vert u\Vert _{\infty }\big )\Big ]^\beta \le C _\varepsilon \, \Big (1+\Vert u\Vert _{2^*}\Big )^{\, (2^*_{N/r}-2)(1+\varepsilon )}. \end{aligned}$$

[

log

(

e
+

‖
u
‖

∞

)

]

β

≤

C
ε

(

1
+

‖
u
‖

2
∗

)

(

2

N
/
r

∗

-
2
)

(
1
+
ε
)

.

To establish our results, we do not assume any restrictions on the sign of the solutions, or on the non-linearity. Our approach is based on Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg interpolation inequalities. Finally, we state sufficient conditions for having $$H_0^1(\Omega )$$

H
0
1

(
Ω
)

uniform a priori bounds for non-negative solutions, so finally we provide suficient conditions for having $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

uniform a priori bounds, which holds roughly speaking for superlinear and subcritical non-linearities.
“I remember the attack”: a pilot study investigating flashbulb memory in individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Altman Rosalie Ariane Eva , Bortolon Catherine , El Haj Mohamad , Capdevielle Delphine , Raffard Stéphane
Published: February 2023

Flashbulb memories are autobiographical memories for important and emotional events, which have the particularity of being at the intersection of personal and public events. Autobiographical memory impairments are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, a psychiatric condition intrinsically linked to self-disorders. Thus, we aimed to evaluate flashbulb and event memory functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 25 control participants were tested on a flashbulb memory questionnaire about the July 14th, 2016, Nice (France) terrorist attack, including questions on flashbulb and event memory, certainty, vividness, rehearsal, emotion, novelty, consequentiality, implication, and importance. Participants also underwent cognitive assessments. Analysis showed lower scores for both flashbulb and event memories in patients compared to control participants. Subjective ratings of the phenomenological characteristics of flashbulb memory were similar between the two groups overall. However, individuals with schizophrenia reported having higher levels of emotion when they first learned about the attack compared to the control group. Our results replicate findings of impaired autobiographical memory functioning in schizophrenia and extend these findings to public events. Our findings also indicate that flashbulb memories may lead to substantial contextual recall in schizophrenia patients and that collective memories, such as a terrorist attack, can have a profound emotional impact on patients.
Determinants of mindful parenting: a cross-cultural examination of parent and child reports
Authors: Acet Pinar , Oliver Bonamy R.
Published: February 2023

Based on Belsky’s process of parenting model and its recent update, the present study aims to explore multiple determinants of mindful parenting (i.e., parents’ psychological distress, child negative emotionality, and parental social support) across the UK and Türkiye using a multi-informant approach and multiple-group path analysis. We considered both parents’ and children’s perceptions of mindful parenting to obtain a complete picture of the mindful parenting process within families. Parents and their children aged 11–16 years were recruited in the UK (N = 101, Mchild age = 13.06 years, SDchild age = 1.64 years) and Türkiye (N = 162, Mchild age = 13.28 years, SDchild age = 1.65 years). Multiple-group path analysis revealed that both parent and child perspectives of mindful parenting are multiply determined. Parental psychological distress mediated the associations of child negative emotionality and social support with mindful parenting in both cultures. However, child negative emotionality was a direct determinant of mindful parenting in the UK only. Overall, our study shed light on both individual and cultural differences in the mindful parenting process. Limitations of the current research and recommendations and implications for future mindful parenting research and practices were discussed.
Characterization of housing stock for energy retrofitting purposes in Spain
Authors: González-Caballín Sánchez Juan M. , Meana-Fernández A. , Ríos-Fernández J. C. , Gutiérrez Trashorras A. J.
Published: February 2023

Energy saving in existing buildings is of vital importance. In this work, the characterization of housing stock in Spain for energy retrofitting purposes has been performed. The regulations in force when the existing stock was constructed (1980–2007) were considered to model the envelope and thermal systems of single-family and block housing. Building energy consumption and CO2 emissions were estimated for each type of dwelling and location, ranging from 44.2 to 130.6 kWh/(m2·year) (13.6–32 kg CO2/(m2·year)) for multi-family homes, and 85.5 to 213.5 kWh/(m2·year) (17.1–45.2 kg CO2/(m2·year)) for single-family homes. A global picture of the energy performance and emissions for 13 different climate zones was obtained with a total of 504 simulations. Retrofitting of the envelope allowed the reduction of consumption and emissions from 37.7% to 58%, depending on the climate zone. Energy consumption per square meter in block housing was lower than in single-family housing; nevertheless, single-family houses responded more effectively to energy improvement actions. Finally, non-renewable primary energy savings seem a better indicator of the improvement by retrofitting than the energy label. The building models designed in this work may serve as a reference for subsequent research concerning energy retrofitting and energy savings of housing stock.
State Behaviour in Cyberspace: Normative Development and Points of Contention
Authors: Lahmann Henning
Published: February 2023

The increasing use of digital technologies in cyberspace in the context of international conflicts has put pressure on the existing legal framework of international law. After progress in terms of norm development and clarification could be achieved through multilateral processes at the United Nations, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine cast doubt on the possibility of further breakthroughs. In light of this development, unilateral declarations of legal positions by states will gain further relevance.
Parentage-based tagging and parentage analyses of stocked sea trout in Vistula River commercial catches
Authors: Wąs-Barcz Anna , Bernaś Rafał
Published: February 2023

The longest Baltic River, the Vistula, historically hosted numerous sea trout populations. However, dam construction in the twentieth century drastically reduced the spawning migration rate. Reduced natural reproduction has resulted in a population collapse and, consequentially, a substantial reduction in catches. In response, like other Baltic countries, Poland has initiated an intensive stocking program, mainly involving smolt. Initially, stocking was conducted primarily with offspring of sea trout caught during spawning migration. Currently, due to difficulties in obtaining fish, most stocking involves fish from breeding stocks. Therefore, determining the proportion of fish derived from stocking has become an important issue. Experiments based on traditional tagging did not provide sufficient material for analysis; hence, we decided to use genetic methods based on analysis of relatedness. In this study, we performed parentage-based tagging and an analysis of the origins of parent animals used for artificial spawning in 2013, and offspring returning to the Vistula in subsequent years. We based the analysis on three different algorithms and compared the results, showing that the presented methods were effective for estimating mass stocking success. The study also indicated that a certain level of natural reproduction in the Vistula continues to occur. The proportion of sea trout from spawning in 2013 in Vistula sea trout catches from 2017 to 2018 was approximately 30%.
In-depth quantitative proteomics analysis revealed C1GALT1 depletion in ECC-1 cells mimics an aggressive endometrial cancer phenotype observed in cancer patients with low C1GALT1 expression
Authors: Montero-Calle Ana , López-Janeiro Álvaro , Mendes Marta L. , Perez-Hernandez Daniel , Echevarría Irene , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Heredia-Soto Victoria , Mendiola Marta , Hardisson David , Argüeso Pablo , Peláez-García Alberto , Guzman-Aranguez Ana , Barderas Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

Background

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs. Despite the good overall prognosis of most low-grade ECs, FIGO I and FIGO II patients might experience tumor recurrence and worse prognosis. The study of alterations related to EC pathogenesis might help to get insights into underlying mechanisms involved in EC development and progression.

Methods

Core tumoral samples were used to investigate the role of C1GALT1 in EC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ECC-1 cells were used as endometrioid EC model to investigate the effect of C1GALT1 depletion using C1GALT1 specific shRNAs. SILAC quantitative proteomics analyses and cell-based assays, PCR, qPCR, WB, dot-blot and IHC analyses were used to identify, quantify and validate dysregulation of proteins.

Results

Low C1GALT1 protein expression levels associate to a more aggressive phenotype of EC. Out of 5208 proteins identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS, 100 proteins showed dysregulation (log2fold-change ≥ 0.58 or ≤-0.58) in the cell protein extracts and 144 in the secretome of C1GALT1 depleted ECC-1 cells. Nine dysregulated proteins were validated. Bioinformatics analyses pointed out to an increase in pathways associated with an aggressive phenotype. This finding was corroborated by loss-of-function cell-based assays demonstrating higher proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation and angiogenesis capacity in C1GALT1 depleted cells. These effects were associated to the overexpression of ANXA1, as demonstrated by ANXA1 transient silencing cell-based assays, and thus, correlating C1GALT and ANXA1 protein expression and biological effects. Finally, the negative protein expression correlation found by proteomics between C1GALT1 and LGALS3 was confirmed by IHC.

Conclusion

C1GALT1 stably depleted ECC-1 cells mimic an EC aggressive phenotype observed in patients and might be useful for the identification and validation of EC markers of progression.
Development of artificial neural network models to predict the PAMPA effective permeability of new, orally administered drugs active against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gousiadou Chrysoula , Doganis Philip , Sarimveis Haralambos
Published: February 2023

Responding to the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the scientific community intensified efforts to provide drugs effective against the virus. To strengthen these efforts, the “COVID Moonshot” project has been accepting public suggestions for computationally triaged, synthesized, and tested molecules. The project aimed to identify molecules of low molecular weight with activity against the virus, for oral treatment. The ability of a drug to cross the intestinal cell membranes and enter circulation decisively influences its bioavailability, and hence the need to optimize permeability in the early stages of drug discovery. In our present work, as a contribution to the ongoing scientific efforts, we employed artificial neural network algorithms to develop QSAR tools for modelling the PAMPA effective permeability (passive diffusion) of orally administered drugs. We identified a set of 61 features most relevant in explaining drug cell permeability and used them to develop a stacked regression ensemble model, subsequently used to predict the permeability of molecules included in datasets made available through the COVID Moonshot project. Our model was shown to be robust and may provide a promising framework for predicting the potential permeability of molecules not yet synthesized, thus guiding the process of drug design.
Quantitative Estimation of Pipeline Slope Disaster Risk in China
Authors: Yan Yan , Zhou Jiaojiao , Xie Cheng , Yin Shuyao , Hu Sheng , Wang Renchao
Published: February 2023

China’s economic development is closely related to oil and gas resources, and the country is investing heavily in pipeline construction. Slope geological hazards seriously affect the long-term safe operation of buried pipelines, usually causing pipeline leakage, property and environmental losses, and adverse social impacts. To ensure the safety of pipelines and reduce the probability of pipeline disasters, it is necessary to predict and quantitatively evaluate slope hazards. While there has been much research focus in recent years on the evaluation of pipeline slope disasters and the stress calculation of pipelines under hazards, existing methods only provide information on the occurrence probability of slope events, not whether a slope disaster will lead to pipeline damage. Taking the 2015 Xinzhan landslide in Guizhou Province, China, as an example, this study used discrete elements to simulate landslide events and determine the risk level and scope for pipeline damage, and then established a pipe-soil coupling model to quantitatively evaluate the impact of landslide hazards for pipelines in medium- and high-risk areas. The results provide a reference for future pipeline disaster prevention and control.
Invariant measures and global well-posedness for a fractional Schrödinger equation with Moser-Trudinger type nonlinearity
Authors: Casteras Jean-Baptiste , Monsaingeon Léonard
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we construct invariant measures and global-in-time solutions for a fractional Schrödinger equation with a Moser–Trudinger type nonlinearity $$\begin{aligned} i\partial _t u= (-\Delta )^{\alpha }u+ 2\beta u e^{\beta |u|^2} \qquad \text{ for }\qquad (x,t)\in \ M\times \mathbb {R}\end{aligned}$$

i

∂
t

u
=

(
-
Δ
)

α

u
+
2
β
u

e

β
|
u
|

2

for

(
x
,
t
)

∈

M
×
R

on a compact Riemannian manifold M without boundary of dimension $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

. To do so, we use the so-called Inviscid-Infinite-dimensional limits introduced by Sy (’19) and Sy and Yu (’21). More precisely, we show that if $$s>d/2$$

s
>
d
/
2

or if $$s\le d/2$$

s
≤
d
/
2

and $$s\le 1+\alpha $$

s
≤
1
+
α

, there exists an invariant measure $$\mu ^{s}$$

μ
s

and a set $$\Sigma ^s \subset H^s$$

Σ
s

⊂

H
s

containing arbitrarily large data such that $$\mu ^{s}(\Sigma ^s ) =1$$

μ
s

(

Σ
s

)

=
1

and that (E) is globally well-posed on $$\Sigma ^{s}$$

Σ
s

. In the case when $$s>d/2$$

s
>
d
/
2

, we also obtain a logarithmic upper bound on the growth of the $$H^r$$

H
r

-norm of our solutions for $$r<s$$

r
<
s

. This gives new examples of invariant measures supported in highly regular spaces in comparison with the Gibbs measure constructed by Robert (’21) for the same equation.
Brain Patents as a Legal or Societal Challenge?
Authors: Spranger Tade Matthias
Published: February 2023

Patents relating to the human brain and its functions regularly fulfil the general patent requirements. In some cases, however, the inventions in question reveal considerable risks for the rights of individuals, but also for society as such, which have a hitherto unknown dimension and which have not been discussed so far. Due to the limited scope of application of the ordre public clause, patent law is fundamentally not in a position to respond adequately to the challenges that exist here. The ratio of patent law and the lack of resources and also, above all, competence of the patent offices for a more extensive ethico-legal analysis mean that patent law is not the right setting for dealing with the existing challenges. Instead, the international organisations responsible for the protection of human rights and their relevant bodies are in particular demand here, although they have so far been unaware of the difficulties that are evident in the area of brain patents. What is needed is the development and establishment of mechanisms that enable the flagging and communication of critical patents, so that the responsible bodies are enabled to fulfil their tasks.
Deformation characteristics and inertial effect of complex aluminum alloy sheet part under impact hydroforming: experiments and numerical analysis
Authors: Xia Liang-Liang , Zhang Shi-Hong , Xu Yong , Chen Shuai-Feng , Khina Boris B. , Pokrovsky Artur I.
Published: February 2023

Impact hydroforming (IHF), as a novel sheet metal forming technology with the advantages of high strain rate forming and flexible liquid loading, is highly suitable for efficiently manufacturing aluminum complex-shaped sheet parts. In this paper, deformation characteristics of complex sheet parts under IHF are systematically investigated. The mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy under a wide range of strain rates (10−3 s−1–3.3×103 s−1) were studied. It indicated that the elongation of 2024 aluminum alloy was improved by 116.01% under strain rates of 3.306 × 103 s−1, referring to 10−3 s−1. Further, a complex-shaped part with symmetrical and asymmetrical structures was selected. The deformation characteristics of sheet and role of inertial effect under IHF were investigated with well-developed solid–liquid coupling finite element (SLC-FE) model with high accuracy. Differentiating deformation tendency is found for symmetrical structure with notably prior deformation at central zone, showing a “bulging” profile at initial forming stage. Whereas, synchronous deformation is presented for asymmetrical structure with a “flat” profile. Additionally, distinctive inertial effect was observed at different positions change for both symmetrical and asymmetrical structures, in which lower values were resulted at their central regions. Meanwhile, the inertial effect evolved with the impacting speed. Specially, larger difference of inertial effect was observed with increasing impacting speed.
Power supply arm protection scheme of high-speed railway based on wide-area current differential
Authors: Lin Guosong , Hong Bin , Wu Zefang , Fu Xuguo
Published: February 2023

When fault occurs on cross-coupling autotransformer (AT) power supply traction network, the up-line and down-line feeder circuit breakers in the traction substation trip at the same time without selectivity, which leads to an extended power failure. Based on equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s current law, the feeder current characteristic in the substation, AT station and sectioning post when T–R fault, F–R fault, and T–F fault occur are analyzed and their expressions are obtained. When the traction power supply system is equipped with wide-area protection measurement and control system, the feeder protection device in each station collects the feeder currents in other two stations through the wide-area protection channel and a wide-area current differential protection scheme based on the feeder current characteristic is proposed. When a short-circuit fault occurs in the power supply arm, all the feeder protection devices in each station receive the feeder currents with time stamp in other two stations. After data synchronous processing and logic judgment, the fault line of the power supply arm can be identified and isolated quickly. The simulation result based on MATLAB/Simulink shows that the power supply arm protection scheme based on wide-area current differential has good fault discrimination ability under different fault positions, transition resistances, and fault types. The verification of measured data shows that the novel protection scheme will not be affected by the special working conditions of the electrical multiple unit (EMU), and reliability, selectivity, and rapidity of relay protection are all improved.
Typhoon field construction and wind-induced wave model optimization based on topographic parameters
Authors: Chen Cheng , Peng Chen , Xiao Hong , Wei Minjian , Wang Tingyu
Published: February 2023

In recent years, most of the research on typhoon in Fujian Province of China has stayed in the typhoon wave simulation under the influence of wind fields. In order to study the influence of land terrain on typhoon wave fields, the terrain height parameters are introduced into the wind field simulation through the third-generation typhoon wave numerical model. The numerical simulation results of the model are verified and analyzed by referring to the data of significant wave height and wind speed of typhoon Fung-wong (200808) and typhoon Jangmi (200815) when it is across Taiwan Island. The results show that the relative error of the maximum wind speed and the significant wave height is reduced after the wind field optimization, which is more consistent with the observed data. The model accuracy is improved after optimization; Typhoon Fung-Wong, which crossed Taiwan, showed the most significant reduction in wind speed. Significant wave height is positively correlated with wind speed. The wave height distribution shows a gradually decreasing trend from the cyclone center to the coast, and the significant wave heights of the typhoon moving direction show pronounced asymmetry. Affected by the land topography, the distribution of significant wave height generally shows a downward trend, and the area of height water level area decreases.
Heterogeneous Ensemble Feature Selection for Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Damtew Yeshalem Gezahegn , Chen Hongmei , Yuan Zhong
Published: February 2023

Intrusion detection systems get more attention to secure the computers and network systems. Researchers propose different network intrusion detection systems using machine learning techniques. However, the massive amount of data that contain irrelevant and redundant features is still challenging the intrusion detection systems. The redundancy and irrelevance of features may slow the processing time and decrease prediction performance. This paper proposes a Heterogeneous Ensemble Feature Selection (HEFS) method to select the relevant features while achieving better attack detection performance. The proposed method fuses the output feature subsets of five filter feature selection methods, using a union combination method, to obtain an ensemble features subset. HEFS method uses merit-based evaluation to avoid the internal redundancy of the obtained ensemble features subset and acquire the final optimal features. We evaluate the HEFS method with random forest, J48, random tree, and REP tree. In a multi-class NSL-KDD dataset, the experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better prediction performance than the specific feature selection methods and other frameworks.
Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation: Prognosis and Epidemiological Models in a Situation After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Starshinova Anna , Belyaeva Ekaterina , Doktorova Natalia , Korotkevich Ilya , Kudlay Dmitry
Published: February 2023

Aim

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many support programs for tuberculosis (TB) patients have been discontinued and TB mass screening activities decreased worldwide, resulting in a decrease in new case detection and an increase in TB deaths (WHO, WHO global lists of high burden countries for TB, multidrug/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and TB/HIV, 2021–2025, 2021). The study aimed to assess changes in epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation and to simulate these indicators in the post-COVID-19 period.

Materials and Methods

The main epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis were analyzed with the use of government statistical data for the period from 2009 to 2021. Further mathematical modeling of epidemiological indicators for the coming years was carried out, taking into account the TB screening by chest X-ray. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software environment R (v.3.5.1) for statistical computing and the commercial software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0, IBM Corp., 2016). Time series forecasting was performed using the programming language for statistical calculations R, version 4.1.2 and the bsts package, version 0.9.8.

Study Results

The study has found that the mean regression coefficient of a single predictor differs in the model for TB incidence and mortality (0.0098 and 0.0002, respectively). Forecast of overall incidence, the incidence of children and the forecast for mortality using the basic scenario (screening 75–78%) for the period from 2022 to 2026 was characterized by a mean decrease rate of 23.1%, 15.6% and 6.0% per year, respectively. A conservative scenario (screening 47–63%) of overall incidence indicates that the incidence of children and the forecast for mortality will continue to decrease with a mean decrease rate of 23.2%, 15.6% and 6.0% per year, respectively. Comparable data were obtained from the forecast of overall incidence, the incidence of children and the forecast for mortality using the optimistic scenario (screening 82–89%) with a mean decrease rate of 22.9%, 15.4% and 6.0% per year, respectively.

Conclusions

It has been proven that the significance of screening with chest X-ray as a predictor of mortality is minimal. However, TB screening at least 60% of the population (chest X-ray in adults and immunological tests in children) have provided relationship between the TB screening rate and TB mortality rate (TB mortality rate increases with an increase in the population coverage and, conversely, decreases with a decrease in the population coverage).
Study on water cooling island effects under different climatic conditions
Authors: Hong Chao , Qu Zhongke , Xu Wen , Gu Zhaolin
Published: February 2023

Water bodies are regarded as effective tools to improve urban thermal environment. However, there is little information regarding the impacts of the water bodies under different climatic conditions. In this study, the thermal effects of similar water bodies were investigated in a temperate monsoon climate city (Xi’an) and a humid subtropical climate city (Chengdu) in summer. Results showed that both the water bodies reduced the air temperature and increase the humidity in their vicinity, and the closer to the water body the more obvious the effects. However, the water body in Xi’an could provide cooling to its surroundings all day, while the one in Chengdu had warming effect at night. In this study, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) around the water bodies was also investigated. It was found that both water bodies would improve the thermal comfort in their vicinity, and the thermal comfort achieved by the cooling effect was not cancelled out by the humidity change. In addition, it was found that the actual thermal sensation of the human body can be different for same UTCI values in Xi’an and Chengdu, which indicated the necessity to modify the thermal benchmarks before investigating the thermal comfort in different cities.
Suspended sediment dynamics and influencing factors during typhoons in Hangzhou Bay, China
Authors: Huang Ju , Zhu Jianrong
Published: February 2023

Hangzhou Bay is located in China on the south side of the Changjiang Estuary and is vulnerable to extreme weather, such as typhoons in the summer and autumn. In this study, a three dimensional suspended sediment numerical model was developed that considers the dynamic factors of advection, mixing, wave, and sediment-induced stratification to simulate and analyze the effect of typhoons on water and sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay. The model validations show that the model can sufficiently reproduce the variability of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during typhoon conditions. The simulation results show that the high SSC in the bottom layer was mainly distributed in the leading edge of the south coast, and generally exceeded 10 kg·m−3. During typhoons, the water and suspended sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay presented a pattern of "north-landward and south-seaward" circulation, which promoted the convergence of suspended sediment in the center part of the bay. During Typhoon Rumbia in 2018, the water and sediment flux across the section from Nanhui Cape to Qiqu Archipelago (NQ section) increased by 18.13% and 265.75%, respectively, compared with those before the typhoon. The wave-induced bottom shear stress during typhoons has a very significant impact on the bottom SSC. The sensitivity experiments show that the wave-induced bottom shear stress greatly promotes the sediment resuspension during typhoons, which indirectly makes the sediment-induced stratification stronger than the direct effect of waves on the vertical mixing. The strong winds brought by typhoons mainly enhanced the vertical mixing, which has a stronger effect on surface SSC than waves. The suppression of vertical mixing by sediment-induced stratification during typhoons should not be ignored, especially for high turbidity coastal waters, such as Hangzhou Bay.
The Puzzle of Clientelism
Authors: Golden Miriam A. , Nazrullaeva Eugenia
Published: February 2023

This Element presents newly-collected cross-national data on reelection rates of lower house national legislators from almost 100 democracies around the world. Reelection rates are low/high in countries where clientelism and vote buying are high/low. Drawing on theory developed to study lobbying, the authors explain why politicians continue clientelist activities although they do not secure reelection. The Element also provides a thorough review of the last decade of literature on clientelism, which the authors define as discretionary resource distribution by political actors. The combination of novel empirical data and theoretically-grounded analysis provides a radically new perspective on clientelism. Finally, the Element suggests that clientelism evolves with economic development, assuming new forms in highly developed democracies but never entirely disappearing.
Estimating global numbers of farmed fishes killed for food annually from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Mood Alison , Lara Elena , Boyland Natasha K , Brooke Phil
Published: February 2023

Global farmed finfish production increased from 9 to 56 million tonnes between 1990 and 2019. Although finfishes are now widely recognised as sentient beings, production is still being quantified as biomass rather than number of individuals (in contrast to farmed mammals and birds). Here, we estimate the global number of farmed finfishes slaughtered using FAO aquaculture production tonnages (1990–2019 data) and estimates of individual weight at killing (determined from internet searches at species and country level where possible). We relate these numbers to knowledge on humane slaughter, animal welfare law, and certification schemes. Since 1990, farmed finfish numbers killed annually for food have increased nine-fold, to 124 billion (1.24 × 1011, range 78–171 billion) in 2019. This figure does not represent the total number farmed (due to mortalities during rearing and non-food production) and is expected to increase as aquaculture expands. Our estimates indicate that farmed finfishes now outnumber the 80 billion farmed birds and mammals killed globally each year for food. The majority are produced in Asia. Inhumane slaughter practices cause suffering for most farmed finfishes. Most, 70–72%, have no legal welfare protection, and less than 1% have any fish-specific legal protection, at slaughter. The main global certification schemes in 2013–2015 accounted for 2% of slaughtered farmed finfishes. Fishes for which species-specific parameters for automated humane stunning are published comprise 20–24%. As the dominant taxa of farmed vertebrates, finfishes would benefit from better welfare if species-specific humane slaughter was defined and incorporated into laws and certification schemes.
Existential Bias
Authors: Hansen Casper Storm
Published: February 2023

To ascertain the rational credences for the epistemic agents in the famous cases of self-locating belief, one should model the processes by which those agents acquire their evidence. This approach, taken by Darren Bradley (Phil. Review 121, 149–177) and Joseph Halpern (Ergo 2, 195–206), is immensely reasonable. Nevertheless, the work of those authors makes it seem as if this approach must lead to such conclusions as the Doomsday argument being correct, and that Sleeping Beauty should be a halfer. I argue that this is due to an implicit existential bias: it is assumed that the first step in those processes is the determination that the agent in question must necessarily exist. It is much more reasonable to model that determination as contingent and a result of other, earlier, steps in the process. This paper offers such alternative models. They imply an endorsement of what has mockingly been called “presumptuous” reasoning, and a massive shift of credences in favor of (1) the existence of a multiverse and (2) the Everettian interpretation of quantum mechanics.
The effects of combating corruption on institutional trust and political engagement: evidence from Latin America
Authors: Poertner Mathias , Zhang Nan
Published: February 2023

While a number of high-level figures around the world have been prosecuted and even jailed for corruption in recent years, we know little about how such anticorruption efforts shape public opinion and patterns of political engagement. To address this question, we examine evidence from Argentina and Costa Rica involving the unprecedented sentencing of two former Presidents on corruption charges. Exploiting the coincidence in timing between these cases and fieldwork on nationally representative surveys, we find that citizens interviewed in the aftermath of these events expressed lower trust in institutions and were less willing to vote or join in collective demonstrations. Overall, these findings suggest that high-profile efforts to punish corrupt actors may have similar effects as political scandals in shaping citizens’ relationship to the political system.
Association of diet quality during pregnancy with maternal glucose metabolism in Chinese women
Authors: Pan Wenting , Karatela Shamshad , Lu Qinggui , Xie Luqin , Wu Shengchi , Jing Jin , Cai Li
Published: February 2023

Overall diet quality during pregnancy has played an important role on maternal glucose metabolism. However, evidence based on the adherence to the dietary guideline is limited, especially for Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association between adherence to the Chinese dietary guideline measured by the Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy (DBI-P) and maternal glucose metabolism, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose. Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the Yuexiu birth cohort. We recruited 942 pregnant women at 20–28 weeks of gestation in 2017–2018. Dietary intakes during the past month were collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The scores of DBI-P were calculated to assess dietary quality. Lower absolute values of the scores indicate higher adherence to the Chinese dietary guidelines. All participants underwent a 75 g of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were conducted. The Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to adjust multiple comparisons across DBI-P food components. The value of high bound score indicator, reflecting excessive total food intake, was positively associated with OGTT-2h glucose levels (β= 0·037,P= 0·029). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, the score of animal food intake was positively associated with OGTT-2 h glucose levels (β= 0·045,P= 0·045) and risk of GDM (OR = 1·105,P= 0·030). In conclusion, excessive total food intake was associated with higher postprandial glucose in pregnant women. Lower compliance with the dietary guideline for animal food was associated with both higher postprandial glucose and increased risk of GDM during pregnancy.
Metaphysical Foundationalism and the Principle of Sufficient Reason
Authors: Oberle Thomas
Published: February 2023

There is a ubiquitous claim in the grounding literature that metaphysical foundationalism violates the principle of sufficient reason (PSR) in virtue of positing a level of ungrounded facts. I argue that foundationalists can accept the PSR if they are willing to replace fundamentality as independence with completeness and deny that ground is a strict partial order. The upshot is that the PSR can be compatible with both metaphysical foundationalism and metaphysical infinitism, and so presupposing this fixed explanatory demand need not beg the question in favour of either view.
The Limits of Simulation for Understanding Mental Illness: Defending a Steinian Theory of Empathy
Authors: Molas Andrew
Published: February 2023

I defend Edith Stein's theory of empathy as an alternative to simulation theories of empathy. Simulation theories of empathy involve using one's own cognitive resources to replicate the mental states of others by imagining being in their situation. I argue that this understanding of empathy is problematic within the context of mental healthcare because it can lead to the co-opting and assimilation of another person's experiences. In response, I maintain that Stein's theory is preferable because it involves appreciating others’ experiences as it is for them, and this alternative account of empathy avoids the assimilation of the experiences of others.
Fictions in Legal Reasoning
Authors: Oza Manish
Published: February 2023

A legal fiction is a knowingly false assumption that is given effect in a legal proceeding and that participants are not permitted to disprove. I offer a semantic pretence theory that shows how fiction-involving legal reasoning works.
L'archéologie du regard chez Michel Foucault
Authors: Chamois Camille
Published: February 2023

Dans Naissance de la clinique, Michel Foucault développe une théorie de la socialisation de la perception sous le nom d’« archéologie du regard médical ». Selon ce modèle, le regard quotidien est conditionné par un code perceptif qui détermine à la fois les traits dignes d'attention et le sens qu'il faut leur attribuer — ce que Foucault nomme des « régimes de visibilité ». Foucault pense ainsi la structuration sociale de l'expérience perceptive comme le produit d'un a priori historique dont il tente de dessiner les contours. Le but de cet article est de décrire les intérêts et les difficultés d'un tel projet. Nous montrerons notamment que Foucault ne développe aucune réelle théorie de la perception, ce qui fragilise son modèle de deux manières : au niveau théorique, d'abord, celui-ci laisse de côté la question de la transformation du code perceptif mis en évidence ; au niveau empirique, ensuite, il n'est pas en mesure de rendre compte des ethnographies contemporaines de la pratique médicale.
The Ladinian–Carnian conodont fauna at Yize, Yunnan, southwestern China, with implications for conodont palaeoecology and palaeogeography
Authors: Zhang Zaitian , Sun Yadong
Published: February 2023

Subdivisions of Ladinian–Carnian boundary beds and the lower Carnian strata in South China are challenging owing to a paucity of west Tethyan ammonoids. We investigated a conodont fauna in a continuous section at Yize in eastern Yunnan Province to provide a biostratigraphic solution. Five genera and 24 conodont species are recognized, and five conodont zones are established. The zones are, in ascending order, theParagondolella inclinataZone, theQuadralella polygnathiformisZone, theQuadralella praelindaeZone, theQuadralella auriformisZone and theQuadralella robustaZone. The Ladinian–Carnian boundary is provisionally defined by the first occurrences ofQuadralella polygnathiformisandQuadralella intermediain the cherty limestone member of the Zhuganpo Formation. Regional correlations via conodont biostratigraphy indicate that the Zhuganpo Formation is probably diachronous, with a maximal range spanning the upper Ladinian to the lower Carnian. Amongst all common late Ladinian – early Carnian conodont genera,Paragondolella,QuadralellaandMazzaellaare probably cosmopolitan.Budurovignathuswas restricted to a few basins and probably preferred offshore or deep-water environments.
Contact force cancelation in robot impedance control by target impedance modification
Authors: Huang An-Chyau , Lee Kun-Ju , Du Wei-Lin
Published: February 2023

A force sensorless impedance controller is proposed in this paper for robot manipulators without using force estimators. From the observation of the impedance control law, the force feedback term can be canceled if the inertia matrix in the target impedance is the same as the robot inertia matrix. However, the inertia matrix in the target impedance is almost always a constant matrix, while the robot inertia matrix is a function of the robot configuration, and hence, they may not be identical in general. A modification of the coefficient matrix for the contact force term in the target impedance is suggested in this paper to enable cancelation of the force feedback term in the impedance control law so that a force sensorless impedance controller without using force estimators can be obtained. The tracking performance in the free space phase and the motion trajectory in the compliant motion phase of the new design are almost the same as those in the traditional impedance control. Modification of the inertia matrix in the target impedance will result in small variations of the contact force which is acceptable in practical applications. For robot manipulators containing uncertainties, an adaptive version of the new controller is also developed in this paper to give satisfactory performance without the need for force sensors. Rigorous mathematical justification in closed-loop stability is given in detail, and computer simulations are performed to verify the efficacy of the proposed design.
Effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment: Comparing trajectories of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology of adolescents in treatment, healthy and physically ill adolescents
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge , Volz Matthias
Published: February 2023

Effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for adolescents in reducing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology was determined by comparing treated adolescents (86 sessions) with the normative developmental progression in two groups without treatment: healthy and diabetic adolescents. In a three-wave longitudinal study, n = 531 adolescents (n = 303 patients, n = 119 healthy, n = 109 diabetics) and their mothers filled out psychopathology questionnaires (Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist). Latent growth curve modeling and multilevel modeling were used to analyze and compare within-person symptoms changes across groups. Analyses showed a significant reduction over the course of treatment for internalizing (Cohen’s d = .90–.92) and externalizing (d = .58–.72) symptoms, also when the developmental progression of both control groups was accounted for (d = .48–.76). Mothers reported lower levels than their children in internalizing symptoms (p ≤ .01) while this discrepancy increased over time for treated adolescents (p = .02). Results established the effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment for adolescents both with externalizing and internalizing symptoms in comparison with growth and change in nonclinical samples. Cross-informant differences and age-specific trajectories require attention in psychotherapy treatment and research.
A rewriting coherence theorem with applications in homotopy type theory
Authors: Kraus Nicolai , von Raumer Jakob
Published: February 2023

Higher-dimensional rewriting systems are tools to analyse the structure of formally reducing terms to normal forms, as well as comparing the different reduction paths that lead to those normal forms. This higher structure can be captured by finding a homotopy basis for the rewriting system. We show that the basic notions of confluence and wellfoundedness are sufficient to recursively build such a homotopy basis, with a construction reminiscent of an argument by Craig C. Squier. We then go on to translate this construction to the setting of homotopy type theory, where managing equalities between paths is important in order to construct functions which are coherent with respect to higher dimensions. Eventually, we apply the result to approximate a series of open questions in homotopy type theory, such as the characterisation of the homotopy groups of the free group on a set and the pushout of 1-types. This paper expands on our previous conference contribution Coherence via Wellfoundedness by laying out the construction in the language of higher-dimensional rewriting.
Plate Rotation of the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Since the Late Cretaceous: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Scotia Sea Region
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhao Yue , Yang Zhenyu , Pei Junling , Zhang Shuan‐Hong , Liu Xiaochun , Tong Yabo , Liu Jian‐Min , Bastías Joaquin
Published: February 2023

Plate reconstructions provide basic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula but they are limited by a scarcity of paleomagnetic data. Here, using a combination of new and published paleomagnetic data and geological evidence, we present an updated reconstruction of the plate rotation and spatio‐temporal history of magmatism of the northern Antarctic Peninsula since ∼90 Ma. The Phoenix Plate‐Antarctic Peninsula convergence variation and back‐arc extension of the Scotia Plate are correlated to five distinct plate rotation periods. The initiation of the ancestral South Sandwich subduction zone and the late Paleocene separation between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America may be explained by the small‐ and large‐scale clockwise rotation of the Antarctic Peninsula starting at ∼80 and 62 Ma, respectively. Furthermore, we have identified five pulses of magmatism, which are correlated to the Phoenix Plate‐Antarctic Peninsula convergence rates. The Antarctic Peninsula plate rotation fits well with the process observed in the Phoenix Plate subduction, long‐term variation of the magmatism and tectonic evolution in the Scotia Sea, clarifying the relationship between these geological events.