bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MASCARA-3b
Authors: Hjorth M. , Albrecht S. , Talens G. J. J. , Grundahl F. , Justesen A. B. , Otten G. P. P. L. , Antoci V. , Dorval P. , Foxell E. , Fredslund Andersen M. , Murgas F. , Palle E. , Stuik R. , Snellen I. A. G. , Van Eylen V.
Published: September 2019

We report the discovery of MASCARA-3b, a hot Jupiter orbiting its bright (V = 8.33) late F-type host every 5.55149 ± 0.00001 days in an almost circular orbit (e = 0.050−0.017+0.020). This is the fourth exoplanet discovered with the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA), and the first of these that orbits a late-type star. Follow-up spectroscopic measurements were obtained in and out of transit with the Hertzsprung SONG telescope. Combining the MASCARA photometry and SONG radial velocities reveals a radius and mass of 1.36 ± 0.05 RJup and 4.2 ± 0.2 MJup. In addition, SONG spectroscopic transit observations were obtained on two separate nights. From analyzing the mean out-of-transit broadening function, we obtain v sin i⋆ = 20.4 ± 0.4 km s−1. In addition, investigating the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, as observed in the distortion of the stellar lines directly and through velocity anomalies, we find the projected obliquity to be λ = 1.2−7.4+8.2 deg, which is consistent with alignment.
Evaluation of immune protection againstToxoplasma gondiiinfection in mice induced by a multi-antigenic DNA vaccine containing TgGRA24, TgGRA25 and TgMIC6
Authors: Xu Xiao-Pei , Liu Wen-Ge , Xu Qian-Ming , Zhu Xing-Quan , Chen Jia
Published: September 2019

Toxoplasma gondiiinfection is prevalent in humans and animals worldwide. In this study, recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids (pVAX-GRA24, pVAX-GRA25 and pVAX-MIC6) were constructed, and then injected into Kunming mice intramuscularly, as cocktailed plasmids or as single-gene plasmids. We evaluated immune protective responses by detecting the titer of antibodies and cytokine production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-23, the percentages of the subclasses of T lymphocytes, as well as the records of the survival time and cyst decrement in the brain of the mouse model after challenge with theT. gondiiRH and Pru strains, respectively. Compared with the control groups, antibody and cytokine production were significantly increased, while the survival times of mice in all immunized groups were also prolonged, and the number ofT. gondiicysts in their brains were decreased significantly (29.03% for pVAX-GRA24; 40.88% for pVAX-GRA25; 37.70% for pVAX-MIC6; 48.06% for pVAX-GRA24 + pVAX-GRA25; and 55.37% for pVAX-GRA24 + pVAX-GRA25 + pVAX-MIC6). The mouse group immunized with the three-gene cocktail (TgGRA24 + TgGRA25 + TgMIC6) had better performance in each detection index than the mouse groups immunized with the two-gene cocktail of TgGRA24 + TgGRA25, which was better than that in the group immunized with the single gene vaccine of TgGRA24, TgMIC6 or TgGRA25. In conclusion, TgGRA24 or TgGRA25 may be good vaccine candidates againstT. gondiiinfection, but the three-gene cocktail of TgGRA24, TgMIC6 and TgGRA25 may induce the strongest protective immunity. Further studies of multi-antigenic DNA vaccines or cocktailed vaccines againstT. gondiiinfection are necessary.
Veranstaltungsbericht
Authors: Eikelmann Matthias
Published: September 2019

Im April fand im Essener Ruhrturm die diesjährige „fnb-Jahrestagung – die nephrologische Fortbildung und Jahreshauptversammlung“ statt. Die beiden Tage standen ganz im Zeichen von aktuellen Entwicklungen in der nephrologischen Pflege.
ESCOP 2019
Authors: Steinhoff Barbara , Wegener Tankred
Published: September 2019

Anlässlich des 30. Geburtstages der ESCOP wird ein Blick auf deren anfängliche Pionierarbeit zur Harmonisierung der Bewertungskriterien zur Wirksamkeit und Unbedenklichkeit von Arzneipflanzen und die heute etablierte Online-Publikation wissenschaftlicher Monografien geworfen. Für die Mitglieder der Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie und die in der ESCOP zusammengeschlossenen weiteren nationalen Fachgesellschaften für Phytotherapie sind diese Monografien immer von großer Bedeutung gewesen; heute können die Mitglieder durch einen einfachen Zugang von den Arbeitsergebnissen profitieren. ESCOP trägt zur Harmonisierung wissenschaftlicher Informationen über den Nutzen und die Anwendung von Arzneipflanzen bei und stellt darüber hinaus auch eine Plattform für eine konstruktive Zusammenarbeit nationaler Fachgesellschaften für Phytotherapie dar.
Osteosynthesis or arthroplasty of fractures near the knee joint in geriatric patients – a clinical-economical comparison
Authors: Pasurka Mario , Krinner Sebastian , Gelse Kolja
Published: September 2019

Background The treatment of fractures of the tibial plateau or distal femur often represents a severe problem in geriatric patients. In particular, complex fracture types and concomitant severe osteoporosis are confronted with inferior results following internal fixation. Therefore, primary arthroplasty is increasingly propagated for such particular cases.

Patients, Materials and Methods In 16 patients suffering from fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau were treated either by internal fixation (n = 8) or primary arthroplasty (n = 8). The outcome of each case was retrospectively analysed according to clinical and economic criteria.

Results In the investigated geriatric patients, primary arthroplasty was significantly superior to internal fixation regarding mobilisation and range of motion without being inferior in cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion Compared to internal fixation, primary arthroplasty represents an efficient and cost-effective therapeutical option for the treatment of complex fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau of the elderly patient.
Der rheumatologische Patient auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Lehmann Petra , Ehrenstein Boris , Fleck Martin
Published: September 2019

Patienten mit rheumatischer Systemerkrankung haben auf der Intensivstation trotz ihres allgemein jüngeren Altersdurchschnitts ein höheres Mortalitätsrisiko. Die Diagnose der Grunderkrankung, die Unterscheidung zwischen akutem Schub und infektiöser Komplikation sowie die Komplexität der spezifischen antirheumatischen Therapie können Probleme bereiten. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Besonderheiten bei der Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten mit Autoimmunerkrankungen auf der Intensivstation.
Veranstaltungsankündigung
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: September 2019

Der Schulungsort ist das Hotel Seligweiler (Seligweiler 1, 89081 Ulm-Seligweiler).
Aphereseverfahren bei Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Heibel Sebastian , de Groot Kirsten
Published: September 2019

Aphereseverfahren finden neben ihrem etablierten Einsatz in derTransplantations- und Transfusionsmedizin vor allem in der Therapie autoimmunologischer entzündlich-rheumatischer und neurologischer Erkrankungen zunehmende klinische Anwendung. Ihre grundsätzliche Funktionsweise liegt im Entzug pathophysiologisch wirksamer Blutbestandteile (v. a. IgG-Antikörper) und weiteren immunmodulatorischen Effekten. Mögliche Apheresemodalitäten sind die unselektive Plasmapherese mit nachfolgendem Ersatz des entzogenen Plasmas durch verschiedenartige Substituate sowie die selektivere Immunadsorption. Die Therapie ist logistisch aufwendig, jedoch für den Patienten nebenwirkungsarm.
Tierische Assistenten
Authors: Hardinghaus Christian
Published: September 2019

Eines ist sicher: Ohne die Mithilfe von Tieren hätte es in der modernen Medizin keinen Fortschritt gegeben. Medikamente und Operationen mussten zunächst an anderen Arten ausprobiert werden, bevor Mediziner einen Einsatz am Menschen wagten. Weltweit kann man davon ausgehen, dass im Jahr etwa 100 Millionen Wirbeltiere für die Erforschung medizinischer Therapiemöglichkeiten zum Einsatz kommen. Die meisten werden extra zu diesem Zweck gezüchtet. Ihr höchster Einsatz ist ihr Leben, das sie größtenteils dabei verlieren. Natürlich unfreiwillig, daher sind medizinische Tierversuche ethisch und moralisch umstritten. Jedoch, will man menschliches Leben zuvorderst schützen und retten, kann man auch heute noch nicht darauf verzichten, Mäuse, Hamster oder Affen nicht zu Versuchen heranzuziehen. Die Rolle der Tiere dabei bleibt in der Regel passiv. Doch es gibt auch genug Fälle, in denen Tiere sich als medizinische Helfer erweisen, ohne Schaden davon zu tragen. Hunde führen erblindete Menschen durch den Alltag, Katzen schmusen mit demenzkranken Senioren, Delfine schwimmen mit geistig behinderten Kindern. Diese Therapietiere erzielen große Erfolge und es scheint zumindest so, als gehen sie ihrer Tätigkeit freiwillig oder sogar mit Freude nach. Und dann gab es in der Geschichte auch immer wieder wahre, tierische Helden, die viele Menschenleben gerettet haben und deswegen zwar nicht als Ärzte, aber als tierische Assistenten bezeichnet werden können. Einige dieser Lebensretter stelle ich Ihnen heute vor.
A Survey of Dentists in the Management of Dentine Hypersensitivity: A Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Exarchou Chrysanthie , Betsani Ioanna , Sakellari Dimitra , Chatzopoulou Dominiki , Gillam David
Published: September 2019

Objective Previous studies have indicated that dentists may be uncertain about the etiology, diagnosis, and effective management of dentine sensitivity/dentine hypersensitivity (DH). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of Greece-based dental professionals in treating DH.

Materials and Methods A 26-item questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of Greek dentists.

Results Two hundred thirty questionnaires were originally provided to the participants and of the 210 questionnaires that were returned, 191 questionnaires (90 M; 86 F; mean age 36.26 years [standard deviation: 11.34]) were included for analysis, a response rate of 83% was observed. 39.8% of dentists indicated that 1 in 10 of their patients experienced discomfort from DH with 76.4% of dentists indicating that their patients initiated the conversation on DH. In contrast, 44% of the dentists indicated that they initiated the relevant conversation. 34.9% of dentists indicated that the duration of discomfort lasted up to 3 weeks and 76.4% indicated that DH had an impact on their patients’ quality of life. Incorrect tooth brushing was considered to be a major etiological factor (68.6%) with “air blast” (37.3%) and “probing” (15%) as the main methods for identification. 83.6% of dentists indicated that they were confident in recommending over-the-counter products for home use.

Conclusion The results of this study suggest that in terms of knowledge and understanding of DH, there is still confusion concerning some aspects of the diagnosis and management of the condition.
The Value of Aspiration Cytology in Cystic Lesions of the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Baykul Timucin , Colok Gulumser , Gunhan Omer
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The majority of the pathologic structures which are seen in the oral and maxillofacial region are either cystic or tend to show cystic changes. They may have not specific clinical and radiographic findings. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate these lesions preoperatively. For this purpose, in this research, the value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in preoperative diagnosis was investigated by comparing with the postoperative histopathologic diagnosis.

Methods: One hundred aspirates from cystic lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region were included in this study. All of the samples except one were examined histopathologically and the results were compared.

Results: The results of the FNAC specimens obtained from 100 lesions were compared with histopathologic diagnosis of these lesions. According to these results, 12 insufficient (12%), 7 positive (7%), 81 negative (81%) specimens were obtained. Among these 88 lesions, 69 of them were diagnosed specifically by cytological examination (78.4%). 62 of the 69 specific diagnoses achieved by cytological examination were confirmed histopathologically (89.85%). The histological types of the seven lesions were missed by cytological examination. There were not any complications related with the fineneedle aspiration procedure in the research.

Conclusions: According to these results, the value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in cystic lesions of the maxillofacial region is found as successful as in the solid lesions. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:1-5)
Characteristic analysis of plasma channel and shock wave in electrohydraulic pulsed discharge
Authors: Liu Si-Wei , Liu Yi , Ren Yi-Jia , Lin Fu-Chang , Liu Yang
Published: September 2019

Electrohydraulic pulsed discharge has been widely adopted in the industrial field over the decades. The proper description of the plasma channel and the induced shock wave contributes to the development of the technology. Experiments were carried out under different voltages and conductivities. The optical pictures were captured using a high-speed camera. The radii of the plasma channel were calculated using cylindrical approximation and spherical approximation, respectively. The results of the calculation have been verified by comparing the measured and calculated radii. The shock wave intensity can be properly calculated using the piston model in the accelerated expansion phase. It provides a better understanding of energy efficiency under different breakdown voltages. In addition, the oscillation of the cavity under different water conductivities was also recorded and compared. The water conductivity has an obvious effect on the maximum volume by changing energy consumption.
Theoretical limits of multiple exciton generation and singlet fission tandem devices for solar water splitting
Authors: Martinez Marissa S. , Nozik Arthur J. , Beard Matthew C.
Published: September 2019

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the most important approaches being investigated for solar fuel generation. In this study, we determine the maximum thermodynamic power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PEC water splitting two-bandgap tandem devices that produce multiple carriers per photon absorbed via Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG) or Singlet Fission (SF) and in the presence of solar concentration. Here, we employ a detailed balance thermodynamic analysis to determine the effects of top cell thickness, solar concentration, carrier multiplication, electrode overvoltage (VO), and water absorption on PEC power conversion efficiency for water splitting cells. We have found a maximum PEC power conversion efficiency of 62.9% in cells using two ideal tandem MEG absorbers with bandgaps of 0.3 and 1.2 eV at 1000-suns solar concentration and 0 overvoltage; the maximum PCE for two tandem SF absorbers under the same conditions is nearly the same at 59% with the same values for the absorption thresholds. A very interesting and important result was that, upon thinning the top cell, the range of viable bandgaps for both the top and bottom cells is extended by as much as 0.5–1 eV while still maintaining high maximum conversion efficiency (60–63%). The effects of imposing different solar concentrations from 1X to 1000X and having different tandem configurations of SF and MEG layers were also studied.
Ferroelectric materials for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Oh S. , Hwang H. , Yoo I. K.
Published: September 2019

Ferroelectric materials are promising candidates for synaptic weight elements in neural network hardware because of their nonvolatile multilevel memory effect. This feature is crucial for their use in mobile applications such as inference when vector matrix multiplication is performed during portable artificial intelligence service. In addition, the adaptive learning effect in ferroelectric polarization has gained considerable research attention for reducing the CMOS circuit overhead of an integrator and amplifier with an activation function. In spite of their potential for a weight and a neuron, material issues have been pointed out for commercialization in conjunction with CMOS processing and device structures. Herein, we review ferroelectric synaptic weights and neurons from the viewpoint of materials in relation to device operation, along with discussions and suggestions for improvement. Moreover, we discuss the reliability of HfO2 as an emerging material and suggest methods to overcome the scaling issue of ferroelectrics.
Modulation of LSPR spectra and enhanced RI-sensitivity through symmetry breaking in hollow gold nanoprism
Authors: Dey Jyotirban , Hazra Bidhan , Chandra Manabendra
Published: September 2019

Optical responses of plasmonic nanostructures can be tailor-made by judiciously controlling their structural parameters. Here in this article, we describe how symmetry-breaking influences the optical properties of an anisotropic hollow nanostructure, a hollow gold nanoprism (HGN). We find that the introduction of structural asymmetry by shifting the cavity position alters the plasmon hybridization conditions, which, in turn, lifts the degeneracy of bonding plasmon modes and thereby causes mode splitting. The splitting between the nondegenerate bonding modes is directly correlated with the extent of the cavity offset. Interestingly, it is found that a reduced symmetry HGN having a cavity of any arbitrary size does not necessarily show such spectral modulation as a function of the cavity offset. Rather, there is a threshold value of (cavity diameter/edge length) ratio for observing this kind of optical behavior. Symmetry breaking not only leads to spectral modulation but also improves the refractive index (RI) sensitivity as well as the associated figure of merit of the HGN nanosensors tremendously. This comprehensive study develops a predictive understanding of the structure-specificity of the optical properties of HGNs and also suggest that sensible tailoring of the structural parameters can make HGNs as one of the most suitable candidates for RI sensing based applications.
Biodegradable, renewable biopolymers for protective marine coatings
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: September 2019

A new article finds potential for marine antifouling and fouling release coatings in multilayers consisting of hyaluronic acid and chitosan, both of which are naturally occurring biopolymers.
Acousto-optic modulators for a controlled frequency shift of light beams in optical and microwave cold-atom frequency standards
Authors: Epikhin V.M. , Baryshev V.N. , Slyusarev S.N. , Aprelev A.V. , Blinov I.Yu.
Published: September 2019

A series of specialised acousto-optic modulators/frequency shifters based on paratellurite (TeO2) single crystals is developed for systems of laser cooling and frequency stabilisation of laser sources in optical and microwave frequency standards based on cold strontium, rubidium and caesium atoms. The methods of calculation and optimisation of the main parameters of acousto-optic modulators are considered; their basic technical characteristics are experimentally investigated in the spectral range of optical radiation 460 – 900 nm and in the frequency shift range of 5 – 400 MHz. The modulators have a high diffraction efficiency, low power consumption and the ability to work with linearly and randomly polarised optical radiation.
A Theoretical Assessment of the Structure Determination of Multi-Span Membrane Proteins by Oriented Sample Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Weber Daniel K. , Veglia Gianluigi
Published: September 2019

Oriented sample solid-state NMR (OS-ssNMR) spectroscopy allows the direct determination of the structure and topology of membrane proteins reconstituted into aligned lipid bilayers. Although OS-ssNMR theoretically has no upper size limit, its application to multi-span membrane proteins has not been established because most studies have been restricted to single- or dual-span proteins and peptides. Here, we present a critical assessment of the application of this method to multi-span membrane proteins. We used molecular dynamics simulations to back-calculate [15N-1H] separated local field (SLF) spectra from a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and show that fully resolved spectra can be obtained theoretically for a multi-span membrane protein with currently achievable resonance linewidths.
Cropping systems including legume cover crops favour mineral–organic associations enriched with microbial metabolites in no-till soil
Authors: Veloso Murilo G. , Dick Deborah Pinheiro , Costa Janaina Berne da , Bayer Cimélio
Published: September 2019

Long-term carbon (C) stabilisation in tropical and subtropical soils under no-tillage (NT) rests on the formation of mineral–organic associations (MOAs) that can be enriched with microbial metabolites. In this work, we assessed the role of long-term tillage and cropping systems and mineral N fertilisation in enriching MOAs with microbial metabolites in a subtropical soil. For this purpose, we sampled a sandy clay loam Acrisol up to 1 m depth involved in an ongoing 30-year-old experiment under two different tillage systems (conventional tillage and NT) in the presence and absence of legume cover crops and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The soil samples were subjected to particle size fractionation and n-alkane analysis. The NT and the presence of legume cover crops in the surface soil layer (0−5 cm) increased the abundance of plant-derived lipids (i.e. compounds with n-alkane chains of 25−33 C atoms) in the whole soil. Microbial-derived lipids (i.e. compounds with shorter n-alkane chains (15−24 C atoms)) were more abundant in the clay fraction of the surface (0−5 cm) and sub-surface soil layers (20−30 and 75−100 cm) in NT soil receiving high-quality residues of legume cover crops. However, N fertilisation decreased the abundance of microbial-derived lipids in the clay fraction of the 0−5 and 20−30 cm soil layers. Our findings highlight the role of N-rich residues of legume cover crops, but not of mineral N fertilisation, in the long-term stabilisation of C in MOAs in NT soils through the action of microbial residues.
Impacts of wildland fire effects on resources and assets through expert elicitation to support fire response decisions
Authors: McFayden Colin B. , Boychuk Den , Woolford Douglas G. , Wheatley Melanie J. , Johnston Lynn
Published: September 2019

A modelling framework to spatially score the impacts from wildland fire effects on specific resources and assets was developed for and applied to the province of Ontario, Canada. This impact model represents the potential ‘loss’, which can be used in the different decision-making methods common in fire response operations (e.g. risk assessment, decision analysis and expertise-based). Resources and assets considered include point features such as buildings, linear features such as transmission lines, and areal features such as forest management areas. Three categories of fire impacts were included: social, economic and emergency response. Category-specific scores were determined through expert elicitation and then adjusted to account for fire intensity. Expert elicitation was shown to compare favourably with other methods in terms of the complexity, time, set-up cost and operational use. When compared with historical fire data from Ontario, it was found that impact model scores were associated with the objective to suppress or monitor fires. The model framework provides a consistent pre-fire impact assessment to support individual fire response decisions. The impact assessment can also represent the total impact for areas of Ontario that do not have prescriptive response in a formal fire response plan.
SGK phosphorylates Cdc25 and Myt1 to trigger cyclin B–Cdk1 activation at the meiotic G2/M transition
Authors: Hiraoka Daisaku , Hosoda Enako , Chiba Kazuyoshi , Kishimoto Takeo
Published: September 2019

The kinase cyclin B–Cdk1 complex is a master regulator of M-phase in both mitosis and meiosis. At the G2/M transition, cyclin B–Cdk1 activation is initiated by a trigger that reverses the balance of activities between Cdc25 and Wee1/Myt1 and is further accelerated by autoregulatory loops. In somatic cell mitosis, this trigger was recently proposed to be the cyclin A–Cdk1/Plk1 axis. However, in the oocyte meiotic G2/M transition, in which hormonal stimuli induce cyclin B–Cdk1 activation, cyclin A–Cdk1 is nonessential and hence the trigger remains elusive. Here, we show that SGK directly phosphorylates Cdc25 and Myt1 to trigger cyclin B–Cdk1 activation in starfish oocytes. Upon hormonal stimulation of the meiotic G2/M transition, SGK is activated by cooperation between the Gβγ-PI3K pathway and an unidentified pathway downstream of Gβγ, called the atypical Gβγ pathway. These findings identify the trigger in oocyte meiosis and provide insights into the role and activation of SGK.
SGK regulates pH increase and cyclin B–Cdk1 activation to resume meiosis in starfish ovarian oocytes
Authors: Hosoda Enako , Hiraoka Daisaku , Hirohashi Noritaka , Omi Saki , Kishimoto Takeo , Chiba Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2019

Tight regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is essential for biological processes. Fully grown oocytes, having a large nucleus called the germinal vesicle, arrest at meiotic prophase I. Upon hormonal stimulus, oocytes resume meiosis to become fertilizable. At this time, the pHi increases via Na+/H+ exchanger activity, although the regulation and function of this change remain obscure. Here, we show that in starfish oocytes, serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) is activated via PI3K/TORC2/PDK1 signaling after hormonal stimulus and that SGK is required for this pHi increase and cyclin B–Cdk1 activation. When we clamped the pHi at 6.7, corresponding to the pHi of unstimulated ovarian oocytes, hormonal stimulation induced cyclin B–Cdk1 activation; thereafter, oocytes failed in actin-dependent chromosome transport and spindle assembly after germinal vesicle breakdown. Thus, this SGK-dependent pHi increase is likely a prerequisite for these events in ovarian oocytes. We propose a model that SGK drives meiotic resumption via concomitant regulation of the pHi and cell cycle machinery.
A molecular recognition feature mediates ribosome-induced SRP-receptor assembly during protein targeting
Authors: Hwang Fu Yu-Hsien , Chandrasekar Sowmya , Lee Jae Ho , Shan Shu-ou
Published: September 2019

Molecular recognition features (MoRFs) provide interaction motifs in intrinsically disordered protein regions to mediate diverse cellular functions. Here we report that a MoRF element, located in the disordered linker domain of the mammalian signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor and conserved among eukaryotes, plays an essential role in sensing the ribosome during cotranslational protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. Loss of the MoRF in the SRP receptor (SR) largely abolishes the ability of the ribosome to activate SRP-SR assembly and impairs cotranslational protein targeting. These results demonstrate a novel role for MoRF elements and provide a mechanism for the ribosome-induced activation of the mammalian SRP pathway. Kinetic analyses and comparison with the bacterial SRP further suggest that the SR MoRF functionally replaces the essential GNRA tetraloop in the bacterial SRP RNA, providing an example for the replacement of RNA function by proteins during the evolution of ancient ribonucleoprotein particles.
Geological structure and conditions of formation of Strizhkovskoe barite-polymetallic deposit (Ore Altai)
Authors: Bestemianova K V , Grinev O M
Published: September 2019

Strizhkovskoe barite-polymetallic deposit is a typical medium-low-temperature hydrothermal-metasomatic deposit.

It’s located within north-west part of Zmeinogorsk-Bystrushinskiy downfold; host rocks are volcano-terrigenous Devonian rocks. Ore bodies are related to sublatitudinal and submeridional faults intercrossing.

Wallrock quartz-chlorite-sericite metasomatites formed prior to ores formation. Ore mineralization process began in Middle Devonian. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. Also there are gold and silver occurring as electrum, acanthite; silver is present in fahlores as an isomorphous admixture. Formation of the deposit subdivides into two main stages and five phases; according to obtained results of isotope study of the sulfides, it’s possible to conclude that there was a mixed source of ore matter (mantle source replacing with crust source). The temperature of main ore formation stage varied form 230 to 180 degrees. Solutions salinity varied from 9 to 15 % wt of NaCl equiv. According to fluid inclusions study results, the solutions consisted of water and following compounds CO2, NH3, SO2, HCO3.
An extensive K-bentonite as an indicator of a super-eruption in northern Iberia 477 My ago
Authors: Gutiérrez-Alonso G. , Gutiérrez-Marco J.C. , Fernández-Suárez J. , Bernárdez E. , Corfu F. , López-Carmona A.
Published: September 2019

Zircon and monazite ID-TIMS U-Pb dating of four Lower Ordovician altered ash-fall tuff beds (K-Bentonites) in NW Iberia provided coetaneous ages of 477.5±1, 477±1.3 Ma, 477.2±1.1 Ma and 477.3±1 Ma, with a pooled concordia age of 477.2±0.74 Ma. A conservative estimation of the volume and mass of the studied K-bentonite beds (using data from the Cantabrian Zone) returns a minimum volume for the preserved deposits of ca. 37.5 km3 (Volcanic Explosivity Index - VEI = 6, Colossal). When considering other putative equivalent beds in other parts of Iberia and neighbouring realms the volume of ejecta associated to this event would make it reach the Supervolcanic-Apocalyptic status (VEI=8, >1000 km3). Contrary to most cases of this kind of gargantuan eruption events, the studied magmatic event took place in relation to continental margin extension and thinning and not to plate convergence. We speculate that a geochronologically coincident large caldera event observed in the geological record of NW Iberia could be ground zero of this super-eruption.
Contrasting metamorphic gradients: Barrovian-type vs. high-pressure metamorphism. An example on the northern margin of Gondwana (NW Iberia)
Authors: López-Carmona A. , Solís-Alulima B.E. , Gutiérrez-Alonso G. , Álvarez-Valero A.M. , Tishin P. A. , Gertner I. F.
Published: September 2019

Contrasting metamorphism in adjacent terranes is distinctive of large-scale tectonic events that include both collisional and rifting scenarios. When one of those terranes is characterized by the presence of high-pressure rocks, it is more likely to be related to collisional settings, and commonly in locations close to the suture. This contribution shows an example of the aforementioned situation in the Variscan orogenic belt of NW Iberia, where a tectonic slice with high-pressure metamorphism is above rocks that underwent Barrovian metamorphism. The two involved terranes are known as lower allochthon and parautochthon, respectively. The lower allochthon recorded the continental subduction (blueschist- and eclogite-facies conditions; [1,2]) of the most external part of the north Gondwana passive margin during the late Devonian (ca. 370-365 Ma; [1, 3]) at the beginning of the Variscan collision, followed by a buoyancy-driven exhumation triggered by the extensional collapse of the orogenic pile. Contrarily, the underlying parautochthon underwent crustal thickening, resulting in a medium-pressure Barrovian-type metamorphism that possibly was followed by a higher temperature/lower pressure Buchan-type metamorphism that may be related to tectonic exhumation and/or erosion [cf. 4].
Chemical composition and varieties of sulfosalts from gold mineralization in the Gaching ore occurrence (Maletoyvayam ore field)
Authors: Shapovalova M , Tolstykh N , Bobrova O
Published: September 2019

The Gaching ore occurrence within the Maletoyvayam ore field is located in the southwestern part of Kamchatka volcanic belt. The ore occurrence belongs to high-sulfidation epithermal type. The sulfosalts of the fahlore-group (tennantite, tetrahedrites and goldfieldite) and enargite-groups (enargite, luzonite, famatinite) found in the gold mineralization of the Gaching ore occurrence. The presence of Cu-rich and Se-bearing fahlores as well as enargite-group sulfosalts in ores indicate a high oxygen volatility at temperature less than 250º during their formation.
Habitat transformation and sustainable landscape: a preliminary study of the diversity of cross habitat pollinators
Authors: Jihadi A , Rizali A , Atmowidi T , Pudjianto  , Buchori D
Published: September 2019

Sustainable landscape consist of the healthy provision of ecological services and the improvement of local human well-being. However, habitat transformation often affects pollinators. There is still a lack of research about how far does pollinators presence is being changed by habitat types. The aim of this research is to investigate the consequence of habitat transformation to pollinator diversity among habitat types. This research was conducted in the Harapan Forest, Jambi on three types of habitat from April to September 2017. Pollinators were collected using insect net and traps in and around the flowering plants in the plots. All pollinators were brought to the laboratory for identification. The highest abundance and species richness of pollinators were found in rubber and oil palm plantation, while the lowest were found in secondary forest. These results seem to be related to the presence of flowering plants that were more abundant in rubber and oil palm plantation compared to secondary forest. Different species of pollinators has different responses to the habitat transformation. For instance, the genus Tetragonula spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were found to be highly abundant in secondary forest, whereas Ceratina spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were highly abundant in rubber and oil palm plantation.
Projection of changes in land-use and impacts on the peak flow and discharge volume of the Upper Ciliwung watershed
Authors: Robo S , Pawitan H , Tarigan S D , Dasanto B D
Published: September 2019

The development of land-use in the upper Ciliwung watershed can be converted every year, which has an impact on surface flow, peak discharge and runoff volume. This study aims to look at projections of changes in land-use and their impact on changes in peak discharge and volume of river flows in the Ciliwung Hulu watershed. The tool used in this study consisted of a tool for analyzing land-use changes and projections, namely the CLUE-S model, while for hydrological responses using the HEC-GeoHMS tool combined with a GIS tool. The results of the analysis of land-use change found a pattern of changes in land-use in the Upper Ciliwung watershed in the period 1996-2013 there were 5 patterns of changes in land-use. Projected land-use change in 2030 with two scenarios. Scenario 2 which is able to hold the rate of change of forest to more than 30%. Scenario 1 HEC-HMS produces peak discharge 114.1 m3/second and runoff volume reaches 5.85 x 106m3 while in scenario 2 with peak discharge 107.0 m3/second and runoff volume 5.70 x 106m3.
The socio-economic impact of national and foreign oil mining companies existences and activities in Tjepu 1967-2004
Authors: Setiawan A
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyze programs and policies run by national and foreign oil companies that affect the level of the economy of the people in Tjepu. While historical research usually focuses on events that are presented in chronological order, this study will add to the study of linkages between historical agencies/actors and the environment relating to the quality of the economy from generation to generation in the exploration and exploitation of national and foreign oil companies in Tjepu. This study uses historical methods, especially in collecting literature and field data including interviewing a number of people related to oil mining activities. The results of this study indicate that there are positive and negative sides of the existence of national and foreign oil companies operating in Tjepu. The existence of oil companies is opening up employment opportunities for local residents although the number is limited. In addition, the existence of oil companies also encourages the emergence of small businesses such as restaurants and other service businesses. But on the other hand, pollution due to mining activities also affects the health level of the community and pollutes the ground water in Tjepu
Fractured Domesticity in the Old Regime: Families and Global Goods in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: Hardwick Julie
Published: September 2019

The fractured nature of emergent domesticity in its first phase in the 1760s was inextricably tied to the perils as well as promises of commerce for individual households in an unpredictable global economy, although historians have focused on the metropolitan roots of domesticity. A microhistorical exploration of the world of a single household in the French city of Lyon brings the fault lines of a globalizing economy, consumption, and domesticity into sharp focus as lived experience. It suggests the uneven terrain of domesticity, in terms of gender, household, and family, as well as for producers and consumers. In the experiences of household members and in the classified advertisements in the local newspaper, fractured domesticity was manifest, the conjugal labor—reproductive and productive—that made global domesticity local was evident, and the centrality of commercial risk as a fault line in domesticity was clarified. The power and limits of “domesticity” as an emotional, cultural, and economic as well as political project were located in familial practice. The potency and limits of domesticity functioned as a system of power that was contingent, layered, and fragmented and that highlighted and elided emotional, reproductive, and productive costs in particular ways at particular times.
Claw asymmetry in crabs: approaching an old issue from a new point of view
Authors: Spani Federica , Scalici Massimiliano , Crandall Keith A , Piras Paolo
Published: September 2019

Crabs are considered exceptional examples of antisymmetry resulting from the phenomenon of heterochely. Here we investigate morphometrically both the size and the shape of heterochely in 28 crab species, distributed unequally along a brachyuran phylogeny. We address the importance of investigating claw size and shape for interspecific comparisons by linking geometric morphometric outputs to phylogenetic data for 134 brachyuran species. New indices introduced as new sexual dimorphic characters of size and shape, namely heterometry (right chela size/left chela size) and heteromorphy (Procrustes distance between right and left chelae shape), revealed sexually dimorphic differences in diverse crab species. We demonstrate that both size and shape heterochely occur amongst the examined species, but there are no ecological correlations. Our study demonstrates that claw similarity between two or more species was due mainly to phylogenetic relatedness rather than ecological convergence, suggesting that claw morphological features could be useful morphological markers in phylogenetic studies. Although further investigation is needed, this study represents one of the first to thoroughly analyse the origin and evolution of heterochely within the Brachyura clade.
Using a multi-isotope approach to understand waterfowl movement in southern Africa
Authors: Mutumi Gregory L , Cumming Graeme S , Sullivan S Mažeika P , Caron Alexandre , Cáceres Carlos
Published: September 2019

Many far-ranging species depend heavily on relatively small or temporary resources within a heterogeneous landscape. For waterfowl, most species rely on deep, permanent waterbodies as refugia from predators during annual flightless molt periods when synchronous loss and regrowth of the flight feathers occurs. The movements of ducks to and from molt sites are, however, poorly documented for most Afrotropical species and the dependencies of Afrotropical ducks on key sites are unclear, yet this information is integral to conservation and management efforts. We asked whether stable isotopes of wing feathers could be used to determine the molting origins of Afrotropical ducks in southern Africa. We analyzed isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen in feathers from 4 different species across 5 different sites (wetlands, ponds, lakes) in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Botswana. We observed differences among sites for all isotopes (P < 0.05), especially δ 13C and δ 15N. Based on these differences, we conducted linear discriminant function analysis (LDA) to assess the utility of these isotopes to assign birds to molt locations. We obtained a global classification accuracy = 0.59, although accuracies differed among sites. Our results demonstrate the potential of a multi-isotope approach to discriminate among specific molt locations and to provide an initial estimate of molt site. Rigorous documentation of molt site from wing feathers is plausible, but will require large sample sizes, extensive spatial coverage, and careful calibration.
Anti-predator behavior along elevational and latitudinal gradients in dark-eyed juncos
Authors: Andrade Madelin , Blumstein Daniel T
Published: September 2019

Flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance between an individual and experimenter when it begins to flee, can be used to quantify risk-assessment. Among other factors, prior studies have shown that latitude explains significant variation in avian FID: at lower latitudes, individuals and species have longer FIDs than those living at higher latitudes. No prior studies have focused on the effect of elevation on FID. Given the similar patterns of seasonality, climate, and potentially predator density, that covary between latitude and elevation, birds at higher elevations might tolerate closer approaches. We asked whether elevation or latitude would explain more variation in the FID of a common passerine bird species, dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Juncos live in a variety of habitats along both latitudinal and elevational gradients. We found that statistical models containing elevation as a variable explained more of the variation in FID than did models containing latitude. We also found, unexpectedly, that birds at higher elevation fled at greater distances. While more predators were sighted per hour at higher elevations than at lower elevations, the frequency of predator sightings did not explain a significant amount of variation in FID. This result questions whether predator density is the main driver of risk perception along elevational gradients. Nonetheless, because elevation explains more variation in FID than latitude in at least one species, these findings have direct implications on how human impacts on birds are managed. Specifically, those designing set-back zones to reduce human impact on birds may consider modifying them based on both latitude and elevation.
Perioperative management in a patient with panhypopituitarism – evidence based approach: a case report
Authors: Raut Monish S , Kar Sibashankar , Maheshwari Arun , Shivnani Ganesh , Dubey Sumir
Published: September 2019

Background

Hypopituitarism is characterized by partial or complete deficiency of vital endocrinological hormones such as steroid and thyroid hormones. Generally, normal individual can exhibit 2- to 10-folds rise in serum cortisol levels during stressful period. But patients with panhypopituitarism are more prone to develop metabolic and haemodynamic instability particularly during stressful perioperative period. This can potentially increase significant morbidity and mortality.

Case summary

A 62-year-old female patient presented with breathlessness on exertion. Her coronary angiography revealed critical triple vessel coronary artery disease, and she was scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. She had been diagnosed with Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum hypopituitarism) since 20 years. She was taking steroid and thyroxine regularly. After uneventful off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, patient had severe haemodynamic compromise with Addisonian crisis in the post-operative phase. Left ventricular dysfunction was refractory to maximal inotropic therapy. Addisonian crisis was treated with higher ‘Stress doses’ of intravenous hydrocortisone and routine oral thyroxin.

Discussion

Acute Addisonian crisis after stressful surgery is a life-threatening complication. Evidence-based approach plays an important role in appropriate biochemical assessments and specific therapeutic decisions regarding hormonal over-replacement or under-replacement in the perioperative period.
Gender differences in treatment with antidepressants during first weeks of a sick-leave spell due to depressive episode
Authors: Lytsy Per , Alexanderson Kristina , Friberg Emilie
Published: September 2019

Background

The incidence of depression is higher in women; women are more often on sick leave due to depression, and more women than men use antidepressants. The objective of this study was to explore possible gender differences in buying prescribed antidepressants during the first 21 days of a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode.

Methods

Included were all individuals living in Sweden in working age (18–64 years old) who in 2010 or 2011 began a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode (ICD-10 F32) lasting at least 21 days (n = 44 863). Register data on sociodemographics, morbidity and dispensed prescription medication were used to investigate associations between gender and buying prescribed antidepressants in the total group and in subgroups, using multiple logistic regression models.

Results

The study population consisted of 69.5% women. Within the first 21 days of the sick-leave spell, 48.0% of the men and 42.1% of the women had dispensed prescribed antidepressants. In the adjusted multiple logistic regression model, men had an odds ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.23–1.33) as compared with women, for buying prescribed antidepressants.

Conclusions

In this nationwide register study, nearly half of the women and men on sick leave with depressive episode bought prescribed antidepressants during the first three weeks of the sick-leave spell. In the adjusted models, men were more likely to do this. Further studies are needed to elucidate the reasons for this gender difference.
Feasibility of Pure Silk for the Treatment of Large Superficial Burn Wounds Covering Over 10% of the Total Body Surface
Authors: Schiefer Jennifer Lynn , Daniels Marc , Grigutsch Daniel , Fuchs Paul Christian , Schulz Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Large, superficial burn wounds require many painful dressing changes and, thus, dressings that can stay on the wound and peel off during re-epithelization such as Biobrane® and Suprathel® are preferred, but they are costly. Natural silk has shown good outcomes with respect to wound healing, scarring, and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural silk compared with that of initially used dressings for the treatment of superficial burn wounds greater than 10% of the TBSA. Patients with superficial burns covering >10% of the TBSA were treated with pure silk for the first time (treatment group). Complications during wound healing with respect to the need for further surgery and scarring were compared with those of patients with similar burns of more than 10% TBSA and treated with nylon mesh and collagen instead of silk (treatment group). The treatment and control group comprised 25 and 13 patients, respectively. In total, 88% of patients in the treatment group did not require further treatment, while two patients with chemical burns needed further surgeries. Moreover, patients reported high satisfaction with respect to scarring and aesthetic outcome. Meanwhile, 85% of patients in the control group healed without further surgery and showed higher median hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation after 12 months. Silk is an effective wound dressing for the treatment of large superficial burn wounds. It avoids painful dressing changes and yields satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. However, especially in large burns, careful initial wound depth assessment is crucial to prevent infection and reoperations.