bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation of Blue Whale Calls Classifier Using High-Level Programming Tool
Authors: Bahoura Mohammed
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we propose a hardware-based architecture for automatic blue whale calls classification based on short-time Fourier transform and multilayer perceptron neural network. The proposed architecture is implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) and the Nexys-4 Artix-7 FPGA board. This high-level programming tool allows us to design, simulate and execute the compiled design in Matlab/Simulink environment quickly and easily. Intermediate signals obtained at various steps of the proposed system are presented for typical blue whale calls. Classification performances based on the fixed-point XSG/FPGA implementation are compared to those obtained by the floating-point Matlab simulation, using a representative database of the blue whale calls.
Performance Evaluation of Palm Oil-Based Biodiesel Combustion in an Oil Burner
Authors: Ganjehkaviri Abdolsaeid , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed , Musthafa Anas
Published: February 2016

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of palm methyl ester (PME), also known as palm oil-based biodiesel, in an oil burner system. The performance of conventional diesel fuel (CDF) and various percentages of diesel blended with palm oil-based biodiesel is also studied to evaluate their performance. The performance of the various fuels is evaluated based on the temperature profile of the combustor’s wall and emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). The combustion experiments were conducted using three different oil burner nozzles (1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 USgal/h) under lean (equivalence ratio (Φ) = 0.8), stoichiometric (Φ = 1) and rich fuel (Φ = 1.2) ratio conditions. The results show that the rate of emission formation decreases as the volume percent of palm biodiesel in a blend increases. PME combustion tests present a lower temperature inside the chamber compared to CDF combustion. High rates of NOx formation occur under lean mixture conditions with the presence of high nitrogen and sufficient temperature, whereas high CO occurs for rich mixtures with low oxygen presence.
Effects of Bentonite, Charcoal and Corncob for Soil Improvement and Growth Characteristics of Teak Seedling Planted on Acrisols in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Kayama Masazumi , Nimpila Suchat , Hongthong Sutjaporn , Yoneda Reiji , Wichiennopparat Wilawan , Himmapan Woraphun , Vacharangkura Tosporn , Noda Iwao
Published: February 2016

When teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) is planted on acrisols in Northeast Thailand, its growth is suppressed by low pH, infertility, and low water holding capacity. To examine materials capable of increasing water holding capacity in soil and improving teak growth, we conducted an experiment with teak seedlings. We selected bentonite, charcoal, and corncob and added these materials at a rate of 4% to sandy soil from northeast Thailand. Teak seedlings were potted on these soils and raised from July 2013 to July 2014. We compared growth, photosynthetic rates, leaf water potential, and concentrations of elements in plant organs among bentonite, charcoal, corncob, and no addition (control) treatments. Water content in the soils was increased for the bentonite and charcoal treatments. Teak seedlings potted in these two conditions did not suffer from drought stress. Comparing the growth traits of the teak seedlings, the charcoal treatment produced larger root growth and promoted the uptake of phosphorus and potassium, whereas the bentonite treatment did not show positive effects on growth or nutrient acquisition. In contrast, the corncob treatment decreased water content in the soil, and teak seedling growth was suppressed. We concluded that charcoal was a useful material to improve teak growth in sandy soils.
Hypoxia, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and TET-Mediated Epigenetic Changes
Authors: Kao Shih-Han , Wu Kou-Juey , Lee Wen-Hwa
Published: February 2016

Tumor hypoxia is a pathophysiologic outcome of disrupted microcirculation with inadequate supply of oxygen, leading to enhanced proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and chemo-resistance. Epigenetic changes induced by hypoxia are well documented, and they lead to tumor progression. Recent advances show that DNA demethylation mediated by the Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins induces major epigenetic changes and controls key steps of cancer development. TET enzymes serve as 5mC (5-methylcytosine)-specific dioxygenases and cause DNA demethylation. Hypoxia activates the expression of TET1, which also serves as a co-activator of HIF-1α transcriptional regulation to modulate HIF-1α downstream target genes and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As HIF is a negative prognostic factor for tumor progression, hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) may provide a favorable therapeutic approach to lessen hypoxia-induced malignancy.
The Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Stress Responses
Authors: Afzal Zunaira , Howton T. , Sun Yali , Mukhtar M.
Published: February 2016

Aquaporins are membrane channel proteins ubiquitously present in all kingdoms of life. Although aquaporins were originally discovered as water channels, their roles in the transport of small neutral solutes, gasses, and metal ions are now well established. Plants contain the largest number and greatest diversity of aquaporin homologs with diverse subcellular localization patterns, gating properties, and solute specificity. The roles of aquaporins in physiological functions throughout plant growth and development are well known. As an integral regulator of plant–water relations, they are presumed to play an important role in plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stressors. This review highlights involvement of various aquaporin homologs in plant stress responses against a variety of environmental stresses that disturb plant cell osmotic balance and nutrient homeostasis.
Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent
Authors: Lozano Carmen , Gharsa Haythem , Ben Slama Karim , Zarazaga Myriam , Torres Carmen
Published: February 2016

The interest about Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. The spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly CC398, and the recent description of the new mecC gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. Nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in different animal species (dogs, sheep, donkeys, bats, pigs, and monkeys), and in food of animal origin in African countries. In this continent, there is a high diversity of ethnicities, cultures or religions, as well as a high number of wild animal species and close contact between humans and animals, which can have a relevant impact in the epidemiology of this microorganism. This review shows that some clonal lineages associated with humans (CC1, CC15, CC72, CC80, CC101, and CC152) and animals (CC398, CC130 and CC133) are present in this continent in animal isolates, although the mecC gene has not been detected yet. However, available studies are limited to a few countries, very often with incomplete information, and many more studies are necessary to cover a larger number of African countries.
Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protecting Activity of Exopolysaccharides from the Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus cereus SZ1
Authors: Zheng Li , Zou Tin , Ma Yan , Wang Jian , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2016

An endophytic bacterium was isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. The phylogenetic and physiological characterization indicated that the isolate, strain SZ-1, was Bacillus cereus. The endophyte could produce an exopolysaccharide (EPS) at 46 mg/L. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the EPS reached more than 50% at 3–5 mg/mL. The EPS was also effective in scavenging superoxide radical in a concentration dependent fashion with an EC50 value of 2.6 mg/mL. The corresponding EC50 for scavenging hydroxyl radical was 3.1 mg/mL. Moreover, phenanthroline-copper complex-mediated chemiluminescent emission of DNA damage was both inhibited and delayed by EPS. The EPS at 0.7–1.7 mg/mL also protected supercoiled DNA strands in plasmid pBR322 against scission induced by Fenton-mediated hydroxyl radical. The preincubation of PC12 cells with the EPS prior to H2O2 exposure increased the cell survival and glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) activities, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a pronounced protective effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Our study indicated that the EPS could be useful for preventing oxidative DNA damage and cellular oxidation in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Theoretical Study of Molecular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Novel Factor Xa Inhibitors and Dual Factor Xa and Factor IIa Inhibitors
Authors: Remko Milan , Remková Anna , Broer Ria
Published: February 2016

The geometries and energies of factor Xa inhibitors edoxaban, eribaxaban, fidexaban, darexaban, letaxaban, and the dual factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors tanogitran and SAR107375 in both the gas-phase and aqueous solution were studied using the Becke3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) or Grimme’s B97D/6-31++G(d,p) method. The fully optimized conformers of these anticoagulants show a characteristic l-shape structure, and the water had a remarkable effect on the equilibrium geometry. According to the calculated pKa values eribaxaban and letaxaban are in neutral undissociated form at pH 7.4, while fidexaban and tanogitran exist as zwitterionic structures. The lipophilicity of the inhibitors studied lies within a large range of log P between 1 and 4. The dual inhibitor SAR107375 represents an improvement in structural, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics over tanogitran. At blood pH, SAR107375 predominantly exists in neutral form. In contrast with tanogitran, it is better absorbed and more lipophilic and active after oral application.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition in the Preparation of New Fused Heterocyclic Compounds via Thermal Initiation
Authors: Porubský Martin , Tenora Lukáš , Potáček Milan
Published: February 2016

This paper describes the synthesis of precursors with a benzo[b]furan skeleton for the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides prepared from N-substituted 3-allyl-aminobenzo[b]furan-2-aldehydes and secondary amines derived from α-amino acid esters. Reactions were initiated by heating. The products consisted of four fused rings with three stereogenic centers. Their structure and stereochemistry were determined by NMR spectra and X-ray measurements.
The Catholic Bishops in the U.S. Public Arena: Changing Prospects under Pope Francis
Authors: Wood Richard
Published: February 2016

The public profile of the Roman Catholic bishops of the United States results not simply from their own interventions in political life, but from the broad array of actions and actors within “public Catholicism” broadly conceived. This article assesses the contemporary profile of the American bishops from this broad angle, particularly in light of new dynamics under the papacy of Francis I. It does so by documenting public Catholicism’s presence in ecclesial institutions, other public institutions, and lay-centered social movements (particularly faith-based community organizing) and via a case study of the healthcare reform debate around the State Children’s Health Insurance Program and the Affordable Care Act. Cultural and institutional factors shaping Catholic public presence are analyzed in three dimensions of social life: institutional leadership; authority dynamics within the Church; and the culture of prayer, spirituality, and worship in parishes. Finally, the conclusion discusses the key dynamics likely to shape the future of public Catholicism in America.
Religious Pluralism and Civic Rights in a “Muslim Nation”: An Analysis of Prophet Muhammad’s Covenants with Christians
Authors: Considine Craig
Published: February 2016

This article examines the roles that religious pluralism and civic rights played in Prophet Muhammad’s vision of a “Muslim nation”. I demonstrate how Muhammad desired a pluralistic society in which citizenship and equal rights were granted to all people regardless of religious beliefs and practices. The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of his time are used as a framework for analysis. These documents have received little attention in our time, but their messages are crucial in light of current debates about Muslim-Christian relations. The article campaigns for reviving the egalitarian spirit of the Covenants by refocusing our understanding of the ummah as a site for religious freedom and civil rights. Ultimately, I argue that the Covenants of Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of his time can be used to develop a stronger narrative of democratic partnership between Muslims and Christians in the “Islamic world” and beyond.
Analytical Business Model for Sustainable Distributed Retail Enterprises in a Competitive Market
Authors: Matobobo Courage , Osunmakinde Isaac
Published: February 2016

Retail enterprises are organizations that sell goods in small quantities to consumers for personal consumption. In distributed retail enterprises, data is administered per branch. It is important for retail enterprises to make use of data generated within the organization to determine consumer patterns and behaviors. Large organizations find it difficult to ascertain customer preferences by merely observing transactions. This has led to quantifiable losses, such as loss of market share to competitors and targeting the wrong market. Although some enterprises have implemented classical business models to address these challenging issues, they still lack analytics-based marketing programs to gain a competitive advantage to deal with likely catastrophic events. This research develops an analytical business (ARANN) model for distributed retail enterprises in a competitive market environment to address the current laxity through the best arrangement of shelf products per branch. The ARANN model is built on association rules, complemented by artificial neural networks to strengthen the results of both mutually. According to experimental analytics, the ARANN model outperforms the state of the art model, implying improved confidence in business information management within the dynamically changing world economy.
Reuse Intention of Third-Party Online Payments: A Focus on the Sustainable Factors of Alipay
Authors: Choi Yongrok , Sun Lili
Published: February 2016

An anonymous transaction environment and the advantage of virtual property have resulted in trust playing an important role in the rapid growth of online shopping in China. To satisfy this trust issue, Alibaba (China) Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China) invented Alipay, the largest third-party online payment service. Using a structural equation model (SEM), this paper attempts to determine whether Alipay’s service quality factors are truly sustainable. The results indicate that only two of five factors—convenience and security—are significantly mediated by the sustainable performance of customer satisfaction as a mediator. The other three factors—usefulness, responsiveness and economy—were rejected for the role of customer satisfaction, even if they are accepted regarding the direct effect on reuse intention. This result implies that Chinese web companies need to make greater efforts not to ensure initial success, but instead to ensure sustainable performance.
Development and Urban Sustainability: An Analysis of Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Alfonso Piña William , Pardo Martínez Clara
Published: February 2016

In recent decades, the majority of cities in developing countries have grown rapidly and have experienced increasing environmental problems. These changes have generated a broad discussion on urban sustainability and development. In this discussion, it is fundamental to establish methods for measuring urban sustainability using a quantitative approach. This research seeks to estimate and evaluate the environmental, social, and economic efficiency of cities in a developing country, Colombia, using data envelopment analysis to determine the changes that occurred between 2005 and 2013. In this study, indicators related to economic, environmental, and social performance are used with the objective of analyzing efficiency from urban sustainability. The results indicate differences among cities, where the efficient cities show adequate resource use, lower environmental impacts, improved social conditions, and guaranteed economic growth and development. Moreover, as the city scale increases, urban sustainability declines. All these findings are important in the formulation and design of adequate urban policies to improve and strengthen sustainability and social welfare over the long term, particularly in cities in developing countries.
Des pavés du Nord au faubourg Saint-Germain, l'ascension d'une famille bourgeoise : les Brame
Authors: Foucart-Borville Jacques
Published: February 2016

Comme suite au remarquable Journal intime de Caroline B (Brame) publié en 1985 par l'historienne du féminisme Michelle Perrot, l'auteur retrace l'ascension sociale typique d'une famille lilloise, les Brame, paveurs enrichis par l'entreprise des routes sous le Premier Empire, puis s'élevant à la haute intelligentsia avec deux figures de premier plan : Jules Brame, député de Roubaix pourfendeur du libre-échange, et son cadet Edouard Brame, ingénieur du chemin de fer de la petite ceinture de Paris, ancêtre du Métropolitain. La fille d'Edouard est justement cette Caroline, fine et sensible à souhait, qui épouse en 1866 un magistrat sans flamme ni avenir, mais très riche, Ernest Orville.

La fortune de ces familles, investie dans les mines de charbon de Maries (Pas- de-Calais) et du Grand Hornu (Borinage), se manifeste par la possession de châteaux tels que Mareuil-en-Brie, Mariemont (Hainaut belge), Fontaine-les-Croix près Roubaix (celui-ci pomme de discorde entre les deux frères) et aujourd'hui Marquillies, près Haubourdin. Une abondante iconographie illustre l'article.
De la région Nord/ Pas-de-Calais au Japon. Quatre générations d'hommes de lettres du nord de la France
Authors: Dubois Joseph
Published: February 2016

Léon de Rosny, né à Loos en 1837, devint le premier titulaire de la chaire de japonais en France. Sa famille montre sur quatre générations un goût prononcé pour la littérature, l'étude des langues et la publication d'ouvrages d'érudition. Il s'agit aussi de bibliophiles avertis et de collectionneurs hors du commun, ce qui explique qu'au moment où le Japon était encore un pays fermé à tout contact, en dehors de la Chine et de la Hollande, le père de Léon de Rosny possédait déjà une curieuse collection d'ouvrages chinois et japonais. Par la linguistique, puis l'ethnographie, Léon de Rosny a essayé de démontrer l'origine commune des civilisations au cours de ses très nombreuses publications. Peu avant sa mort, il lègue à la ville de Lille sa riche bibliothèque, ce qui explique que cette ville dispose désormais d'un fonds exceptionnel pour l'étude de la langue et des civilisations d'Extrême-Orient.
Un sistre isiaque de Champagne ?
Authors: Hanoune Roger
Published: February 2016

Présentation d'un sistre, provenant de l'ancienne collection Nicaise (Châlons-sur-Marne) : possible témoin du culte isiaque en Champagne ?
Le forum de Bavay. Campagne de fouilles 1990
Authors: Loridant Frédéric , Bloemendaal Laura , Duflot Laurent
Published: February 2016

De opgravingen waarmee in 1989 begonnen werd, werden voortgezet op een groter terrein. Het forum- plein dat vol afbraakmateriaal lag heeft nu zijn oorspronkelijke niveau teruggekregen. De eerste hypothèse over het dempen van de zuidvleugel van de cryptoportieken werd bevestigd (verslag van 1989), en de datum van het storten nauwkeuriger bepaald (begin 5de eeuw). In de zuidelijke portiek an het grote plein werd met een nieuwe werf begonnen. Men vond sporen van late bewoning en verschillende bouwfazen. De opgravingen van 1990 brengen een nieuwe en meer nauwkeurige visie op dit gebouw. In 1991 zal men een beter beeld krikgen van de ruimtelijke indeling en van de crhonologie van de bouwfazen.
L'huile de Bétique dans le nord de la France d'après les marques d'amphores Dressel 20
Authors: Jacques François
Published: February 2016

In het vroege keizerrijk was de olie van Betica (Andaloezië) een zeer verspreid produkt. Daar een aantal amforen gestempeld waren, kan men de handelswegen reconstitueren, ook al is een kwantitatieve studie ondenkbaar.

Men kent nu beter de produktiecentra en de datering van de amforen, wat geleid heeft tot een nieuwe studie van de stempels in het Noorden en in de Pas-de-Calais. Ongepubliceerde en beter gelezen stempels worden opgenomen.

De amforen werden gemaakt langs de Genil-en Guadalquivirrivieren Men windt een verbazende concen- tratie van ateliers die de stroek bevoorraad hebben.

Het was een luxeprodukt dat noodzakelijk was voor het leven op zijn Romeins, dat men zowel in de steden als in de villa's aantreft. Er is geen echt chronologisch onderscheid met de legerkampen die de grootste verbruikers waren. Ten laatste in 50 komt de Spaanse olie aan in de streek. Men kan het toppunt van de import, met de nodige voorzichtigheid, situeren tussen 120 en 170. Met weet niet goed wanneer die vermindert, maar in de derde eeuw was er een zeker verval. Er zijn ook late amforen (midden derde eeuw) gevonden.
L'enseignement primaire à Roubaix au XIXe siècle
Authors: Ravier Joël
Published: February 2016

La ville de Roubaix connaît au XIXe siècle un des plus fort taux de croissance démographique d'Europe, passant de 8.000 habitants en 1800 à plus de 120.000 en 1900. Cette croissance, liée au développement de l'industrie du textile ne se fait pas sans poser le problème de la scolarisation des enfants d'une population en grande partie ouvrière. Or, si la ville de Roubaix contribue grandement au développement économique du département du Nord, département situé dans la France «alphabétisée» du Nord-Est, l'étude de la mise en place et du développement du réseau d'instruction primaire de cette ville présente des taux de scolarisation et d'alphabétisation très médiocres, toujours inférieurs à ceux du département. Cette étude montre comment les conseils municipaux successifs, des fabricants catholiques aux collectivistes du Parti Ouvrier, ont géré la croissance des effectifs, la demande d'éducation et les besoins en main d'œuvre de l'industrie dans un siècle marqué par les grandes lois scolaires que sont les lois Guizot, Falloux, Duruy, Ferry et Goblet.
Religieux et biens temporels : le prieuré de Saint- Georges d'Hesdin (1094-1553)
Authors: Grippari-Piganiol Marie-Noëlle
Published: February 2016

Van 1094, datum van de schenking van de kerk (Saint-Georges) aan de abdij van Anchin, tot 1553, toen de Spaanse troepen Hesdin vernietigden, heeft de priorij van Saint-Georges een belangrijk geheel wereldse bezittingen beheerd. In de omgeving van de Canchevallei inden de monnikken de tienden, uiteraard, maar ook en vooral inkomsten uit boerderijen, ovens, molens, en zelfs brouwerijen in hun bezit. Daarbij kwamen de inkomsten uit de rechtspraak. Zij beheerden zo wat tot aan de revolutie het belangrijkste bezit van Anchin was.
Le protestantisme en Boulonnais (milieu XVIIe siècle - début XXe siècle)
Authors: Joblin Alain
Published: February 2016

Le protestantisme boulonnais fut et reste un phénomène religieux minoritaire. La présence huguenote en terre boulonnaise est attestée dès le milieu du XVIe siècle, à Boulogne tout d'abord puis dans un certain nombre de paroisses situées au sud de la ville et en Haut-Boulonnais. Officiers, marchands et artisans constituèrent l'essentiel d'une communauté qui survécut grâce à la protection d'une petite noblesse réformée.

Après avoir quasiment disparu au lendemain de la Révocation de l'édit de Nantes, le protestantisme réapparut en Boulonnais grâce à l'action conjuguée de l'Eglise Réformée de France et de celle des missionnaires, anglais en particulier, qui cherchèrent à pénétrer tout particulièrement les milieux populaires.

Le but de cette étude est donc de faire revivre cette communauté et de souligner qu'au-delà des différences, le protestantisme tant aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles, qu'au XIXe siècle, offrit à certaines individualités une occasion de promotion sociale et contribua à une meilleure christianisation de la population boulonnaise.
Mémoire et commémoration : les «atrocités» allemandes de la Première Guerre mondiale dans le nord de la France
Authors: Becker Annette
Published: February 2016

La Première Guerre mondiale a laissé une trace très profonde dans les départements du Nord de la France car ils ont été occupés par les Allemands pour l'essentiel du conflit. Si les monuments aux morts qui honorent les victimes des combats ont été rapidement construits, à l'image du reste de la France, les monuments qui ont voulu rappeler ce que les habitants ont presque toujours vécu comme des «atrocités» ont posé plus de problèmes, d'autant plus que, financièrement, les communes étaient exsangues. Les héros individuels de la résistance ont fini par avoir des monuments proclamant avant tout la spécificité des souffrances du Nord et l'expoir de la paix.
Un projet de camp retranché sous Lille en l'an II
Authors: Milot Jean
Published: February 2016

Des auteurs ont attribué le camp retranché de La Madeleine à Marescot, futur premier inspecteur général du génie et comte d'Empire, alors qu'il était capitaine à Lille en l'an II.

Cette attribution, faite un siècle après les événements, résulte d'une confusion avec un projet, sans suite, d'un camp retranché au faubourg des Malades, au sud-ouest de la place de Lille.
La Révolution et la politique sociale en faveur des militaires
Authors: Bertaud Jean-Paul
Published: February 2016

De Franse monarchie had al lang een sociaal beleid voor zijn militairen uitgestippeld. Maar slechts op een beperkte schaal. De Revolutie en meer nog de Conventie werkten die uit. De gedeputeerden brachten hun daden in ove- reenstemming met de uit de Verlichting geërfde filantropische gedachten. Zij worden er ook toe aangezet door de klachten van de natianale vnjwilligers die van 1792 af elk jaar opnieuw vragen de noodlijdende families te verzorgen. Het recht op verzorging werd in 1793 in de verklanng van de Rechten van de Mens en van de Burger opgenomen. De militairen, die beschouwd werden als modelburgers, hebben daar het eerst van gebruik gemaakt. Het verzorgingsbe- leid voor miltairen en hun families kreeg vorm via talrijke dekreten uitgevaar- digd in de rand van die over de nationale solidanteit, een uiting van nationale broederlijkheid. Wat de Conventie op dit gebied heeft voortgebracht werd voor een groot deel overgenomen door Napoleon.
La Première République en place publique : l'exemple du Monument commémoratif de Wattignies-la-Victoire à Maubeuge
Authors: Oudoire Jean-Marie
Published: February 2016

Elément essentiel du dispositif auquel recourt au XIXe siècle la République afin de diffuser ses valeurs, les monuments commémoratifs se multiplient dans le Nord à l'occasion du centenaire des combats qui ont scellé l'avènement du régime. En 1893, la ville de Maubeuge inaugure une œuvre dédiée à tous les triomphateurs de Wattignies-la-Victoire, succès qui contribue à la sauvegarde de la nation. Dans l'esprit des grandes figures guerrières du siècle, le sculpteur L. Fagel livre une image élogieuse de la jeunesse héroïque que magnifie la mise en scène de l'architecte F. Dutert. Le monument reflète la puissance et l'autorité qu'inspire dorénavant un régime solidement enraciné dans le corps social et célébrant ouvertement ses premiers défenseurs.
Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Using Immune Modulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Park Kyu-Hyung , Mun Chin Hee , Kang Mi-Il , Lee Sang-Won , Lee Soo-Kon , Park Yong-Beom
Published: February 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune modulatory properties. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of human bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AD)-, and cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs in an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explored the mechanism underlying immune modulation by MSCs. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of clinically available human BM-, AD-, and CB-derived MSCs in DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA mice were injected intraperitoneally with three types of MSCs. Treatment control animals were injected with 35 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX) twice weekly. Clinical activity in CIA mice, degree of inflammation, cytokine expression in the joint, serum cytokine levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated. Mice treated with human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs showed significant improvement in clinical joint score, comparable to MTX-treated mice. Histologic examination showed greatly reduced joint inflammation and damage in MSC-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Microcomputed tomography also showed little joint damage in the MSC-treated group. MSCs significantly decreased serum interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and interferon-γ and increased IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β levels. Tregs were increased in mice treated with MSCs compared to untreated or MTX-treated mice. Human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs significantly suppressed joint inflammation in CIA mice. The cells decreased proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines and induced Tregs. Therefore, our study suggests that the use of human BM-, AD-, and CB-MSCs could be an effective therapeutic approach for RA.
HST-COS OBSERVATIONS OF AGNs. III. SPECTRAL CONSTRAINTS IN THE LYMAN CONTINUUM FROM COMPOSITE COS/G140L DATA*
Authors: Tilton Evan M. , Stevans Matthew L. , Shull J. Michael , Danforth Charles W.
Published: February 2016

The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are important diagnostics of both accretion disk physics and their contribution to the metagalactic ionizing UV background. Though the mean AGN spectrum is well characterized with composite spectra at wavelengths greater than 912 Å, the shorter-wavelength extreme-UV (EUV) remains poorly studied. In this third paper in a series on the spectra of AGNs, we combine 11 new spectra taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope with archival spectra to characterize the typical EUV spectral slope of AGNs from λ
rest ∼ 850 Å down to λ
rest ∼ 425 Å. Parameterizing this slope as a power law, we obtain F

ν
 ∝ ν
−0.72±0.26, but we also discuss the limitations and systematic uncertainties of this model. We identify broad emission features in this spectral region, including emission due to ions of O, Ne, Mg, and other species, and we limit the intrinsic He i 504 Å photoelectric absorption edge opacity to τ
He i
 < 0.047.
AURORAL RADIO EMISSION FROM LATE L AND T DWARFS: A NEW CONSTRAINT ON DYNAMO THEORY IN THE SUBSTELLAR REGIME
Authors: Kao Melodie M. , Hallinan Gregg , Pineda J. Sebastian , Escala Ivanna , Burgasser Adam , Bourke Stephen , Stevenson David
Published: February 2016

We have observed six late L and T dwarfs with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to investigate the presence of highly circularly polarized radio emission, associated with large-scale auroral currents. Previous surveys encompassing ∼60 L6 or later targets have yielded only one detection. Our sample includes the previously detected T6.5 dwarf 2MASS 10475385+2124234, as well as five new targets selected for the presence of Hα emission and/or optical infrared photometric variability, which are possible manifestations of auroral activity. We detect 2MASS 10475385+2124234, as well as four of the five targets in our biased sample, including the strong IR-variable source SIMP J01365662+0933473 and bright Hα emitter 2MASS 12373919+6526148, reinforcing the possibility that activity at these disparate wavelengths is related. The radio emission frequency corresponds to a precise determination of the lower-bound magnetic field strength near the surface of each dwarf, and this new sample provides robust constraints on dynamo theory in the low-mass brown dwarf regime. Magnetic fields

kG are confirmed for five of six targets. Our results provide tentative evidence that the dynamo operating in this mass regime may be inconsistent with predicted values from a recently proposed model. Further observations at higher radio frequencies are essential for verifying this assertion.
LITHIUM IN OPEN CLUSTER RED GIANTS HOSTING SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS
Authors: Carlberg Joleen K. , Smith Verne V. , Cunha Katia , Carpenter Kenneth G.
Published: February 2016

We have measured stellar parameters, [Fe/H], lithium abundances, rotation, and 12C/13C in a small sample of red giants (RGs) in three open clusters that are each home to a RG star that hosts a substellar companion (SSC) (NGC 2423 3, NGC 4349 127, and BD+12 1917 in M67). Our goal is to explore whether the presence of SSCs influences the Li content. Both 12C/13C and stellar rotation are measured as additional tracers of stellar mixing. One of the companion hosts, NGC 2423 3, is found to be Li-rich with A(Li)

1.56 dex, and this abundance is significantly higher than the A(Li) of the two comparison stars in NGC 2423. All three SSC hosts have the highest A(Li) and 12C/13C when compared to the control RGs in their respective clusters; however, except for NGC 2423 3, at least one control star has similarly high abundances within the uncertainties. Higher A(Li) could suggest that the formation or presence of planets plays a role in the degree of internal mixing on or before the RG branch. However, a multitude of factors affect A(Li) during the RG phase, and when the abundances of our sample are compared with the abundances of RGs in other open clusters available in the literature, we find that they all fall well within a much larger distribution of A(Li) and 12C/13C. Thus, even the high Li in NGC 2423 3 cannot be concretely tied to the presence of the SSC.
GALAXY OUTFLOWS WITHOUT SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Sur Sharanya , Scannapieco Evan , Ostriker Eve C.
Published: February 2016

High surface density, rapidly star-forming galaxies are observed to have ≈50–100 km s−1 line of sight velocity dispersions, which are much higher than expected from supernova driving alone, but may arise from large-scale gravitational instabilities. Using three-dimensional simulations of local regions of the interstellar medium, we explore the impact of high velocity dispersions that arise from these disk instabilities. Parametrizing disks by their surface densities and epicyclic frequencies, we conduct a series of simulations that probe a broad range of conditions. Turbulence is driven purely horizontally and on large scales, neglecting any energy input from supernovae. We find that such motions lead to strong global outflows in the highly compact disks that were common at high redshifts, but weak or negligible mass loss in the more diffuse disks that are prevalent today. Substantial outflows are generated if the one-dimensional horizontal velocity dispersion exceeds ≈35 km s−1, as occurs in the dense disks that have star-formation rate (SFR) densities above ≈0.1 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. These outflows are triggered by a thermal runaway, arising from the inefficient cooling of hot material coupled with successive heating from turbulent driving. Thus, even in the absence of stellar feedback, a critical value of the SFR density for outflow generation can arise due to a turbulent heating instability. This suggests that in strongly self-gravitating disks, outflows may be enhanced by, but need not caused by, energy input from supernovae.
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: FIRST BROAD-LINE Hβ AND Mg ii LAGS AT z ≳ 0.3 FROM SIX-MONTH SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Shen Yue , Horne Keith , Grier C. J. , Peterson Bradley M. , Denney Kelly D. , Trump Jonathan R. , Sun Mouyuan , Brandt W. N. , Kochanek Christopher S. , Dawson Kyle S. , Green Paul J. , Greene Jenny E. , Hall Patrick B. , Ho Luis C. , Jiang Linhua , Kinemuchi Karen , McGreer Ian D. , Petitjean Patrick , Richards Gordon T. , Schneider Donald P. , Strauss Michael A. , Tao Charling , Wood-Vasey W. M. , Zu Ying , Pan Kaike , Bizyaev Dmitry , Ge Jian , Oravetz Daniel , Simmons Audrey
Published: February 2016

Reverberation mapping (RM) measurements of broad-line region (BLR) lags in

quasars are important for directly measuring black hole masses in these distant objects, but so far there have been limited attempts and success given the practical difficulties of RM in this regime. Here we report preliminary results of 15 BLR lag measurements from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project, a dedicated RM program with multi-object spectroscopy designed for RM over a wide redshift range. The lags are based on the 2014 spectroscopic light curves alone (32 epochs over six months) and focus on the Hβ and Mg ii broad lines in the 100 lowest-redshift (

) quasars included in SDSS-RM; they represent a small subset of the lags that SDSS-RM (including 849 quasars to

) is expected to deliver. The reported preliminary lag measurements are for intermediate-luminosity quasars at

, including nine Hβ lags and six Mg ii lags, for the first time extending RM results to this redshift–luminosity regime and providing direct quasar black hole mass estimates over approximately half of cosmic time. The Mg ii lags also increase the number of known Mg ii lags by several fold and start to explore the utility of Mg ii for RM at high redshift. The location of these new lags at higher redshifts on the observed BLR size–luminosity relationship is statistically consistent with previous Hβ results at

. However, an independent constraint on the relationship slope at

is not yet possible owing to the limitations in our current sample. Our results demonstrate the general feasibility and potential of multi-object RM for

quasars.
STRUCTURE OF PROMINENCE LEGS: PLASMA AND MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Levens P. J. , Schmieder B. , Labrosse N. , Ariste A. López
Published: February 2016

We investigate the properties of a “solar tornado” observed on 2014 July 15, and aim to link the behavior of the plasma to the internal magnetic field structure of the associated prominence. We made multi-wavelength observations with high spatial resolution and high cadence using SDO/AIA, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectrograph, and the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) instrument. Along with spectropolarimetry provided by the Télescope Héliographique pour l’Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires telescope we have coverage of both optically thick emission lines and magnetic field information. AIA reveals that the two legs of the prominence are strongly absorbing structures which look like they are rotating, or oscillating in the plane of the sky. The two prominence legs, which are both very bright in Ca ii (SOT), are not visible in the IRIS Mg ii slit-jaw images. This is explained by the large optical thickness of the structures in Mg ii, which leads to reversed profiles, and hence to lower integrated intensities at these locations than in the surroundings. Using lines formed at temperatures lower than 1 MK, we measure relatively low Doppler shifts on the order of ±10 km s−1 in the tornado-like structure. Between the two legs we see loops in Mg ii, with material flowing from one leg to the other, as well as counterstreaming. It is difficult to interpret our data as showing two rotating, vertical structures that are unrelated to the loops. This kind of “tornado” scenario does not fit with our observations. The magnetic field in the two legs of the prominence is found to be preferentially horizontal.
THE PAN-PACIFIC PLANET SEARCH. IV. TWO SUPER-JUPITERS IN A 3:5 RESONANCE ORBITING THE GIANT STAR HD 33844
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A. , Johnson John Asher , Butler R. P. , Horner Jonathan , Wang Liang , Robertson Paul , Jones M. I. , Jenkins J. S. , Brahm R. , Tinney C. G. , Mengel M. W. , Clark J.
Published: February 2016

We report the discovery of two giant planets orbiting the K giant HD 33844 based on radial velocity data from three independent campaigns. The planets move on nearly circular orbits with semimajor axes

AU and

AU, and have minimum masses (m sin i) of

and

. Detailed N-body dynamical simulations show that the two planets have remained on stable orbits for more than 106 years for low eccentricities and are most likely trapped in a mutual 3:5 mean motion resonance.
TWO TRANSITING LOW DENSITY SUB-SATURNS FROM K2
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Howard Andrew W. , Lopez Eric D. , Deck Katherine M. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Ciardi David R. , Chiang Eugene , Lee Eve J. , Isaacson Howard , Beichman Charles A. , Hansen Brad M. S. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Sinukoff Evan
Published: February 2016

We report the discovery and confirmation of K2-24 b and c, two sub-Saturn planets orbiting a bright (V = 11.3), metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.42 ± 0.04 dex) G3 dwarf in the K2 Campaign 2 field. The planets are 5.68 ± 0.56  

and 7.82 ± 0.72  

and have orbital periods of 20.8851 ± 0.0003 days and 42.3633 ± 0.0006 days, near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance. We obtained 32 radial velocities with Keck/HIRES and detected the reflex motion due to K2-24 b and c. These planets have masses of 21.0 ± 5.4

and 27.0 ± 6.9

, respectively. With low densities of 0.63 ± 0.25 g cm−3 and 0.31 ± 0.12 g cm−3, respectively, the planets require thick envelopes of H/He to explain their large sizes and low masses. Interior structure models predict that the planets have fairly massive cores of

and

, respectively. They may have formed exterior to their present locations, accreted their H/He envelopes at large orbital distances, and migrated in as a resonant pair. The proximity to resonance, large transit depths, and host star brightness offers rich opportunities for TTV follow-up. Finally, the low surface gravities of the K2-24 planets make them favorable targets for transmission spectroscopy by Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and James Webb Space Telescope.
The Meristogram: a neglected tool for acanthocephalan systematics
Authors: Wayland Matthew
Published: February 2016

The hooks of the acanthocephalan proboscis exhibit serial variation in size and shape. The Meristogram was developed by Huffman and Bullock (1975) to provide a graphical representation of this positional variation in hook morphology. Initial studies demonstrated the ability of the Meristogram to discriminate species within the genera Echinorhynchus and Pomphorhynchus (Huffman and Bullock 1975, Huffman and Nickol 1978, Gleason and Huffman 1981). However, the reliability of the method for taxonomic work was questioned by Shostak et al. (1986) after they found intra-specific variation in two Echinorhynchus species. Uncertainty about the usefulness of the Meristogram and the absence of a readily available software implementation of the algorithm, might explain why this abstract proboscis character has yet to be adopted by acanthocephalan systematists.

The Meristogram algorithm was implemented in the R language and a simple graphical user interface created to facilitate ease of use (the software is freely available from https://github.com/WaylandM/meristogram). The accuracy of the algorithm's formula for calculating hook cross-sectional area was validated by data collected using a digitizing tablet. Meristograms were created from data in public respositories for eight Echinorhynchus taxa: E. bothniensis, E. 'bothniensis', E. gadi spp. A, B and I, E. brayi, E. salmonis and E. truttae. In this preliminary analysis, the meristogram differentiated E. bothniensis, E. brayi, E. gadi sp. B, E. salmonis and E. truttae from each other, and from the remaining taxa in this study, but independent data will be required for validation. Sample sizes for E. 'bothniensis' and E. gadi spp. A and I were too small to identify diagnostic features with any degree of confidence. Meristogram differences among the sibling species of the E. gadi and E. bothniensis groups suggest that the 'intra-specfic' variation in meristogram previously reported for some Echinorhynchus taxa, may have actually represented morphological divergence between unrecognized cryptic species. Hierarchical clustering of taxa based on Meristogram data yielded dendrograms that were largely concordant with phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequence data, indicating the presence of a strong phylogenetic signal.
Survival of Igα-Deficient Mature B Cells Requires BAFF-R Function
Authors: Levit-Zerdoun Ella , Becker Martin , Pohlmeyer Roland , Wilhelm Isabel , Maity Palash Chandra , Rajewsky Klaus , Reth Michael , Hobeika Elias
Published: February 2016

Expression of a functional BCR is essential for the development of mature B cells and has been invoked in the control of their maintenance. To test this maintenance function in a new experimental setting, we used the tamoxifen-inducible mb1-CreERT2 mouse strain to delete or truncate either the mb-1 gene encoding the BCR signaling subunit Igα or the VDJ segment of the IgH (H chain [HC]). In this system, Cre-mediated deletion of the mb-1 gene is accompanied by expression of a GFP reporter. We found that, although the Igα-deficient mature B cells survive for >20 d in vivo, the HC-deficient or Igα tail-truncated B cell population is short-lived, with the HC-deficient cells displaying signs of an unfolded protein response. We also show that Igα-deficient B cells still respond to the prosurvival factor BAFF in culture and require BAFF-R signaling for their in vivo maintenance. These results suggest that, under certain conditions, the loss of the BCR can be tolerated by mature B cells for some time, whereas HC-deficient B cells, potentially generated by aberrant somatic mutations in the germinal center, are rapidly eliminated.
Filming of zooplankton: a case study of rotifer males and Daphnia magna
Authors: Colangeli Pierluigi , Cieplinski Adam , Obertegger Ulrike
Published: February 2016

Filming live organisms can give new insights into the hidden life of plankton. Accessibly priced digital cameras are now available for a large range of users. Here, we demonstrate the technical setup and workflow of using a single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera to film the behaviour of males of two rotifer species, Brachionus angularis Gosse (1851) and Keratella cochlearis Gosse (1851), and of the cladoceran Daphnia magna Straus (1820). Rotifers are cyclical parthenogens that produce males only under certain environmental conditions. Thus, knowledge on rotifer males is still limited because of their ephemeral nature and because they are often smaller than females. We filmed males of B. angularis and K. cochlearis with a DSLR camera connected to a compound microscope to better understand their morphology and behaviour in comparison to conspecific females. While written descriptions have their scientific value, seeing is complementary because everyone can verify what has been described. We made our videos publicly accessible through links connected to the paper. Our videos are, to our best knowledge, the first on males of B. angularis and K. cochlearis. Furthermore, we filmed the behavioural response of D. magna to ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a macro lens attached to the DSLR camera. Approaches like this are valuable tools in environmental teaching. To see live organisms with one’s own eyes may contribute to raising public awareness about the value of water resources and their hidden communities. In summary, filming can be a valuable tool to ignite scientific discussion, but the videos need an open-access platform where they can be referenced in a topic-related order.