bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine Shallow Structures of Binchuan Basin Inverted From Receiver Functions and Implications for Basin Evolution
Authors: Sun Tianwei , Wang Baoshan , Yang Wei
Published: September 2024

The understanding of the velocity structure and basement morphology within the basin is crucial for seismic hazard mitigation and the study of basin evolution. To explore the intricate structure of the Binchuan Basin in western Yunnan, China, we deployed a linear dense array in the northern region of the Binchuan Basin, with inter‐station distance ranging from 50 to 100 m. We propose a novel receiver function processing workflow. Initially, we extracted coherent receiver functions based on the dense array, followed by a inversion of basement morphology, S‐wave velocities, and sedimentary layer's average Vp/Vs ratio jointly with frequency‐dependent teleseismic apparent shear velocity and receiver function waveforms. The results show that S‐wave velocity anomalies correspond to the unconsolidated sediments. The thickness of the sedimentary layer ranges from ∼0.5 to ∼0.75 km. The basement morphology suggests the basin is controlled by normal faults. Additionally, intra‐basin faults displayed higher fault displacement to length ratios (∼0.27) than most isolated normal faults (10−3–10−1), which may result from accumulated fault displacement due to interactions between fault segments. These results emphasize the significant role of N–S trending intra‐basin faults in basin evolution, suggesting that micro‐block rotations and transitional movements within the Northwestern Yunnan Rift Zone are primary mechanisms shaping the Binchuan Basin. We further proposed a multi‐stage model for the evolution of the Binchuan Basin. The robustness testing validates that the proposed processing flow is an effective approach to comprehensively image the basin velocity structure and the basement morphology.
Lancang Fault Assists Block Extrusion in Southeastern Tibet During Early‐Middle Miocene
Authors: Li Chao , Zhao Zhongbao , Chevalier Marie‐Luce , Zheng Yong , Liu Dongliang , Lu Haijian , Bons Paul D. , Li Haibing
Published: September 2024

The tectonic and topographic evolution of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau based on low‐temperature thermochronology data is controversial, especially whether it is tectonically‐ or climatically‐controlled, especially along the Lancang fault (LCF) that links the flat central plateau to the west with the high relief southeastern Tibetan Plateau to the east. To explore the tectonic evolution of the LCF and its role in the tectonic and topographic evolution of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we carried out detailed field investigation and low‐temperature thermochronology (AHe, AFT, and ZHe) analyses. Field evidence indicate that the northern LCF splits into two branches, the Yangda‐Yaxu and Baqing‐Leiwuqi faults, the latter striking N50°W and dipping to the SW at ∼55°, exposing >100 m‐wide fault rocks composed of a fault damage zone, breccia, and gouge. New thermochronology data and thermo‐kinematic modeling results suggest rapid exhumation of the region located between these two fault branches during ∼22–10 Ma at an exhumation rate of ∼1.57 km/Ma, compared to slow cooling prior to 22 Ma and since 10 Ma. We propose that internal anti‐clockwise block rotation triggered rapid local exhumation, and that the final merging of different parts of the LCF during the Early‐Middle Miocene assisted the southeastward escape of Sundaland, which profoundly affected the evolution of the regional geomorphology.
Broadband infrared imaging governed by guided-mode resonance in dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Zheng Ze , Smirnova Daria , Sanderson Gabriel , Cuifeng Ying , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes C. , Huang Lujun , Liu Zixi , Oulton Rupert , Yousefi Arman , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Neshev Dragomir N. , O’Neill Mary , Rahmani Mohsen , Xu Lei
Published: September 2024

Nonlinear metasurfaces have experienced rapid growth recently due to their potential in various applications, including infrared imaging and spectroscopy. However, due to the low conversion efficiencies of metasurfaces, several strategies have been adopted to enhance their performances, including employing resonances at signal or nonlinear emission wavelengths. This strategy results in a narrow operational band of the nonlinear metasurfaces, which has bottlenecked many applications, including nonlinear holography, image encoding, and nonlinear metalenses. Here, we overcome this issue by introducing a new nonlinear imaging platform utilizing a pump beam to enhance signal conversion through four-wave mixing (FWM), whereby the metasurface is resonant at the pump wavelength rather than the signal or nonlinear emissions. As a result, we demonstrate broadband nonlinear imaging for arbitrary objects using metasurfaces. A silicon disk-on-slab metasurface is introduced with an excitable guided-mode resonance at the pump wavelength. This enabled direct conversion of a broad IR image ranging from >1000 to 4000 nm into visible. Importantly, adopting FWM substantially reduces the dependence on high-power signal inputs or resonant features at the signal beam of nonlinear imaging by utilizing the quadratic relationship between the pump beam intensity and the signal conversion efficiency. Our results, therefore, unlock the potential for broadband infrared imaging capabilities with metasurfaces, making a promising advancement for next-generation all-optical infrared imaging techniques with chip-scale photonic devices.
CRLF1 bridges AKT and mTORC2 through SIN1 to inhibit pyroptosis and enhance chemo-resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Xiang Cong , Chen Li , Zhu Shilei , Chen Yue , Huang Haodong , Yang Chunmao , Chi Yugang , Wang Yanzhou , Lei Yunlong , Cai Xiongwei
Published: September 2024

Ovarian cancer, the second most leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality worldwide, is challenged by chemotherapy resistance, presenting a significant hurdle. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-linked programmed cell death mediated by gasdermins, has been shown to impact chemoresistance when dysregulated. However, the mechanisms connecting pyroptosis to chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer are unclear. We found that cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) is a novel component of mTORC2, enhancing AKT Ser473 phosphorylation through strengthening the interaction between AKT and stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (SIN1), which in turn inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (ASK1)-JNK-caspase-3-gasdermin E pyroptotic pathway and ultimately confers chemoresistance. High CRLF1-expressing tumors showed sensitivity to AKT inhibition but tolerance to cisplatin. Remarkably, overexpression of binding-defective CRLF1 variants impaired AKT-SIN1 interaction, promoting pyroptosis and chemosensitization. Thus, CRLF1 critically regulates chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by modulating AKT/SIN1-dependent pyroptosis. Binding-defective CRLF1 variants could be developed as tumor-specific polypeptide drugs to enhance chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
NEK6 dampens FOXO3 nuclear translocation to stabilize C-MYC and promotes subsequent de novo purine synthesis to support ovarian cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Liu Jingchun , Wang Haoyu , Wan Huanzhi , Yang Jiang , Gao Likun , Wang Zhi , Zhang Xiaoyi , Han Wuyue , Peng Jiaxin , Yang Lian , Hong Li
Published: September 2024

De novo purine synthesis metabolism plays a crucial role in tumor cell survival and malignant progression. However, the specific impact of this metabolic pathway on chemoresistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the influence of de novo purine synthesis on chemoresistance in ovarian cancer and its underlying regulatory mechanisms. We analyzed metabolic differences between chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Cell growth, metabolism, chemoresistance, and DNA damage repair characteristics were assessed in vitro using cell line models. Tumor growth and chemoresistance were assessed in vivo using ovarian cancer xenograft tumors. Intervention of purines and NEK6-mediated purine metabolism on chemoresistance was investigated at multiple levels. Chemoresistant ovarian cancers exhibited higher purine abundance and NEK6 expression. Inhibiting NEK6 led to decreased de novo purine synthesis, resulting in diminished chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, NEK6 directly interacted with FOXO3, contributing to the phosphorylation of FOXO3 at S7 through its kinase activity, thereby inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Nuclear FOXO3 promoted FBXW7 transcription, leading to c-MYC ubiquitination and suppression of de novo purine synthesis. Paeonol, by inhibiting NEK6, suppressed de novo purine synthesis and enhanced chemosensitivity. The NEK6-mediated reprogramming of de novo purine synthesis emerges as a critical pathway influencing chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Paeonol exhibits the potential to interfere with NEK6, thereby inhibiting chemoresistance.
Spermidine-eIF5A axis is essential for muscle stem cell activation via translational control
Authors: Zhang Qianying , Han Wanhong , Wu Rimao , Deng Shixian , Meng Jiemiao , Yang Yuanping , Li Lili , Sun Mingwei , Ai Heng , Chen Yingxi , Liu Qinyao , Gao Tian , Niu Xingchen , Liu Haixia , Zhang Li , Zhang Dan , Chen Meihong , Yin Pengbin , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu , Zhu Dahai , Zhang Yong , Li Hu
Published: September 2024

Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, also known satellite cells (SCs), are quiescent and activate in response to injury. However, the activation mechanisms of quiescent SCs (QSCs) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the metabolic regulation of SC activation by identifying regulatory metabolites that promote SC activation. Using targeted metabolomics, we found that spermidine acts as a regulatory metabolite to promote SC activation and muscle regeneration in mice. Mechanistically, spermidine activates SCs via generating hypusinated eIF5A. Using SC-specific eIF5A-knockout (KO) and Myod-KO mice, we further found that eIF5A is required for spermidine-mediated SC activation by controlling MyoD translation. More significantly, depletion of eIF5A in SCs results in impaired muscle regeneration in mice. Together, the findings of our study define a novel mechanism that is essential for SC activation and acts via spermidine-eIF5A-mediated MyoD translation. Our findings suggest that the spermidine-eIF5A axis represents a promising pharmacological target in efforts to activate endogenous SCs for the treatment of muscular disease.
Interim safety and efficacy of gene therapy for RLBP1-associated retinal dystrophy: a phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Kvanta Anders , Rangaswamy Nalini , Holopigian Karen , Watters Christine , Jennings Nicki , Liew Melissa S. H. , Bigelow Chad , Grosskreutz Cynthia , Burstedt Marie , Venkataraman Abinaya , Westman Sofie , Geirsdottir Asbjörg , Stasi Kalliopi , André Helder
Published: September 2024

Gene therapy holds promise for treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies, a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by severe loss of vision. Here, we report up to 3-year pre-specified interim safety and efficacy results of an open-label first-in-human dose-escalation phase 1/2 gene therapy clinical trial in 12 patients with retinal dystrophy caused by biallelic mutations in the retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (RLBP1) gene of the visual cycle. The primary endpoints were systemic and ocular safety and recovery of dark adaptation. Secondary endpoints included microperimetry, visual field sensitivity, dominant eye test and patient-reported outcomes. Subretinal delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV8-RLBP1) was well tolerated with dose-dependent intraocular inflammation which responded to corticosteroid treatment, and focal atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as the dose limiting toxicity. Dark adaptation kinetics, the primary efficacy endpoint, improved significantly in all dose-cohorts. Treatment with AAV8-RLBP1 resulted in the resolution of disease-related retinal deposits, suggestive of successful restoration of the visual cycle. In conclusion, to date, AAV8-RLBP1 has shown preliminary safety and efficacy in patients with RLBP1-associated retinal dystrophy. Trial number: NCT03374657.
Lethal Borna disease virus 1 infections of humans and animals – in-depth molecular epidemiology and phylogeography
Authors: Ebinger Arnt , Santos Pauline D. , Pfaff Florian , Dürrwald Ralf , Kolodziejek Jolanta , Schlottau Kore , Ruf Viktoria , Liesche-Starnecker Friederike , Ensser Armin , Korn Klaus , Ulrich Reiner , Fürstenau Jenny , Matiasek Kaspar , Hansmann Florian , Seuberlich Torsten , Nobach Daniel , Müller Matthias , Neubauer-Juric Antonie , Suchowski Marcel , Bauswein Markus , Niller Hans-Helmut , Schmidt Barbara , Tappe Dennis , Cadar Daniel , Homeier-Bachmann Timo , Haring Viola C. , Pörtner Kirsten , Frank Christina , Mundhenk Lars , Hoffmann Bernd , Herms Jochen , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Nowotny Norbert , Schlegel Jürgen , Ulrich Rainer G. , Beer Martin , Rubbenstroth Dennis
Published: September 2024

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is the causative agent of Borna disease, a fatal neurologic disorder of domestic mammals and humans, resulting from spill-over infection from its natural reservoir host, the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon). The known BoDV-1-endemic area is remarkably restricted to parts of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. To gain comprehensive data on its occurrence, we analysed diagnostic material from suspected BoDV-1-induced encephalitis cases based on clinical and/or histopathological diagnosis. BoDV-1 infection was confirmed by RT-qPCR in 207 domestic mammals, 28 humans and seven wild shrews. Thereby, this study markedly raises the number of published laboratory-confirmed human BoDV-1 infections and provides a first comprehensive summary. Generation of 136 new BoDV-1 genome sequences from animals and humans facilitated an in-depth phylogeographic analysis, allowing for the definition of risk areas for zoonotic BoDV-1 transmission and facilitating the assessment of geographical infection sources. Consistent with the low mobility of its reservoir host, BoDV-1 sequences showed a remarkable geographic association, with individual phylogenetic clades occupying distinct areas. The closest genetic relatives of most human-derived BoDV-1 sequences were located at distances of less than 40 km, indicating that spill-over transmission from the natural reservoir usually occurs in the patient´s home region.
A whole-body micro-CT scan library that captures the skeletal diversity of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes
Authors: Bucklow Callum V. , Genner Martin J. , Turner George F. , Maclaine James , Benson Roger , Verd Berta
Published: September 2024

Here we describe a dataset of freely available, readily processed, whole-body μCT-scans of 56 species (116 specimens) of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes that captures a considerable majority of the morphological variation present in this remarkable adaptive radiation. We contextualise the scanned specimens within a discussion of their respective ecomorphological groupings and suggest possible macroevolutionary studies that could be conducted with these data. In addition, we describe a methodology to efficiently μCT-scan (on average) 23 specimens per hour, limiting scanning time and alleviating the financial cost whilst maintaining high resolution. We demonstrate the utility of this method by reconstructing 3D models of multiple bones from multiple specimens within the dataset. We hope this dataset will enable further morphological study of this fascinating system and permit wider-scale comparisons with other cichlid adaptive radiations.
Unmasking and quantifying racial bias of large language models in medical report generation
Authors: Yang Yifan , Liu Xiaoyu , Jin Qiao , Huang Furong , Lu Zhiyong
Published: September 2024

Background

Large language models like GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4 hold promise for healthcare professionals, but they may inadvertently inherit biases during their training, potentially affecting their utility in medical applications. Despite few attempts in the past, the precise impact and extent of these biases remain uncertain.

Methods

We use LLMs to generate responses that predict hospitalization, cost and mortality based on real patient cases. We manually examine the generated responses to identify biases.

Results

We find that these models tend to project higher costs and longer hospitalizations for white populations and exhibit optimistic views in challenging medical scenarios with much higher survival rates. These biases, which mirror real-world healthcare disparities, are evident in the generation of patient backgrounds, the association of specific diseases with certain racial and ethnic groups, and disparities in treatment recommendations, etc.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the critical need for future research to address and mitigate biases in language models, especially in critical healthcare applications, to ensure fair and accurate outcomes for all patients.
Lipidomic biomarkers in plasma correlate with disease severity in adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Jaspers Yorrick R. J. , Yska Hemmo A. F. , Bergner Caroline G. , Dijkstra Inge M. E. , Huffnagel Irene C. , Voermans Marije M. C. , Wever Eric , Salomons Gajja S. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Jongejan Aldo , Hermans Jill , Tryon Rebecca K. , Lund Troy C. , Köhler Wolfgang , Engelen Marc , Kemp Stephan
Published: September 2024

Background

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a neurometabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in ABCD1 resulting very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) accumulation in plasma and tissues. Males can present with various clinical manifestations, including adrenal insufficiency, spinal cord disease, and leukodystrophy. Female patients typically develop spinal cord disease and peripheral neuropathy. Predicting the clinical outcome of an individual patient remains impossible due to the lack of genotype-phenotype correlation and predictive biomarkers.

Methods

The availability of a large prospective cohort of well-characterized patients and associated biobank samples allowed us to investigate the relationship between lipidome and disease severity in ALD. We performed a lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from 24 healthy controls, 92 male and 65 female ALD patients.

Results

Here we show that VLCFA are incorporated into different lipid classes, including lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, triglycerides, and sphingomyelins. Our results show a strong association between higher levels of VLCFA-containing lipids and the presence of leukodystrophy, adrenal insufficiency, and severe spinal cord disease in male ALD patients. In female ALD patients, VLCFA-lipid levels correlate with X-inactivation patterns in blood mononuclear cells, and higher levels are associated with more severe disease manifestations. Finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation significantly reduces, but does not normalize, plasma C26:0-lysophosphatidylcholine levels in male ALD patients. Our findings are supported by the concordance of C26:0-lysophosphatidylcholine and total VLCFA analysis with the lipidomics results.

Conclusions

This study reveals the profound impact of ALD on the lipidome and provides potential biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes in ALD patients.
The global phosphorylation landscape of mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation
Authors: Sun Hongzheng , Han Longsen , Guo Yueshuai , An Huiqing , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiangzheng , Li Jiashuo , Jiang Yingtong , Wang Yue , Sun Guangyi , Zhu Shuai , Tang Shoubin , Ge Juan , Chen Minjian , Guo Xuejiang , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2024

Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification regulating protein function and biological outcomes. However, the phosphorylation dynamics orchestrating mammalian oocyte development remains poorly understood. In the present study, we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics to obtain the first global in vivo quantification of mouse oocyte phosphorylation. Of more than 8000 phosphosites, 75% significantly oscillate and 64% exhibit marked upregulation during meiotic maturation, indicative of the dominant regulatory role. Moreover, we identify numerous novel phosphosites on oocyte proteins and a few highly conserved phosphosites in oocytes from different species. Through functional perturbations, we demonstrate that phosphorylation status of specific sites participates in modulating critical events including metabolism, translation, and RNA processing during meiosis. Finally, we combine inhibitor screening and enzyme-substrate network prediction to discover previously unexplored kinases and phosphatases that are essential for oocyte maturation. In sum, our data define landscape of the oocyte phosphoproteome, enabling in-depth mechanistic insights into developmental control of germ cells.
An in situ ratiometric fluorescence immunosensor via Mn2+-triggered aggregation-induced emission transformation of levodopa fluorescent copolymer nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Yifei , Liu Xiaoxue , Yang Naidi , Zou Changpeng , Sun Yujie , Xing Guichuan , Liu Jinhua , Xu Zhihui , Geng Fenghua
Published: September 2024

This communication demonstrates the feasibility of using Mn2+-triggered aggregation-induced emission transformation of levodopa fluorescent copolymer nanoparticles as a direct in situ alkaline phosphatase-labeled luminescent nanoimmunoassay platform.
Hemp sprout-derived exosome-like nanovesicles as hepatoprotective agents attenuate liver fibrosis
Authors: Kim Ji-Su , Eom Jung-Young , Kim Hyun-Woo , Ko Je-Won , Hong Eui-Ju , Kim Mun-Nyeon , Kim Jihoon , Kim Do-Kyun , Kwon Hyo-Jung , Cho Young-Eun
Published: September 2024

The aim of the current study was to isolate HSNVs in terms of their effectiveness against leaky gut and liver fibrosis disease, induced by NAFLD in vitro and in vivo.
The case for poly(ylides) as a class of charge-neutral, hydrophilic polymers with applications in biomaterials science
Authors: Neumann Kevin
Published: September 2024

Hydrophilic polymers are essential components in biomaterials science. Recent research has highlighted the use of poly(ylides) as charge-neutral, hydrophilic polymers, advocating for their classification as a standalone class of polymers.
Innovations in nanocomposite photocatalysts for CO2 to CH3OH conversion
Authors: Deng Shuang , Wang Nannan , Zhu Yanqiu , Thummavichai Kunyapat
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, the excessive use of fossil fuels has led to a global energy shortage and exacerbated the greenhouse effect.
Accelerated design of nickel-cobalt based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation with human-in-the-loop active machine learning
Authors: Kuddusi Yasemen , Dobbelaere Maarten R. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Züttel Andreas
Published: September 2024

The effect of catalyst synthesis and reaction conditions on catalytic activity were accurately predicted with an interpretable data-driven strategy. The method is demonstrated for CO2 methanation and is extendable to other catalytic processes.
Keplerate polyoxometalate compounds: a multifunctional nano-platform for advanced materials
Authors: Wang Ken , Iwano Tsukasa , Uchida Sayaka
Published: September 2024

Keplerates, as giant porous polyoxometalates (POMs), serve as multifunctional nanoplatforms with unique properties. This review highlights their use in nanocontainers, catalysis, and batteries, discussing challenges and future directions.
Superelastic hydrogel electrolyte incorporating helical protein molecules as zinc ion transport pathways to enhance the cycling stability of zinc metal batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Li Songmei , Yang Shubin , Li Bin
Published: September 2024

A superelastic, high ionic conductivity and environment-friendly hydrogel electrolyte is developed based on the unique advantages of α-helical proteins.
Atom-dominated relay catalysis of high-entropy MXene promotes cascade polysulfide conversion for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Mengyao , Zhu Qizhen , Li Yanze , Gao Yuan , Sun Ning , Xu Bin
Published: September 2024

The high-entropy TiVNbMoC3 MXene, with its atom-dominated relay catalysis effect and resilient lattice configuration, promotes a cascade of sulfur conversions and guides uniform Li+ deposition, enabling shuttle-free and dendrite-free Li–S batteries.
Influence of tritium exposure route on vegetation types at the Savannah River Site
Authors: Duff Martine C. , Pettitt Elizabeth A. , VerMeulen Holly
Published: September 2024

This study shows a relationship between total T content and the OBT:HTO in plants. These results give information on environmental management options if an aqueous or atmospheric T release event from a fusion reactor occurs and reaches a water body.
From waste to resource: a multidimensional analysis of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment efficiency across temperatures
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Wei Guoxia , Liu Hanqiao , Zhu Yuwen , Shi Huizhen , Lian Yi
Published: September 2024

Sewage sludge (SS) thermochemical treatment is considered as an effective management scheme in the transition to low carbon and sustainable development from conventional SS treatment.
The dose-dependent mechanism behind the protective effect of lentinan against acute alcoholic liver injury via proliferating intestinal probiotics
Authors: Zhao Fangjia , Li Min , Luo Mingyue , Zhang Meng , Yuan Yahong , Niu Haili , Yue Tianli
Published: September 2024

Different LNT doses promoted the proliferation of probiotics with different functions, which prevented liver function impairment, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by acute excessive alcohol consumption.
Co-fermentation improves the functional properties and nutritional quality of infant complementary food products
Authors: Moriconi Luigi , Vittadini Elena , Linnemann Anita R. , Fogliano Vincenzo , Ngadze Ruth T.
Published: September 2024

Fermented cereal, complementary foods, and fruit sources are used to cope with infants’ malnutrition. Our results demonstrate that a combination of strategies and technologies is needed to balance nutritional and physical qualities.
Electrospun nanofibers based on plant extract bioactive materials as functional additives: possible sources and prospective applications
Authors: Uddin Md Nur , Ali Ayub , Jobaer Md , Mahedi Sajjatul Islam , Krishnamoorthy Anand , Bhuiyan M. A. Rahman
Published: September 2024

Bioactive plant compounds are combined with polymers and electrospun into nanofibers. These fibers, with antioxidant and antibacterial properties, are used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and food packaging.
Hepatocyte-like cells and liver organoids: the application of iPSCs and their derivants for treating liver diseases
Authors: Ju Ruobing , Tian Siyuan , Shang Yulong , Ma Shuoyi , Zhang Miao , Liu Jingyi , Sun Keshuai , Cui Lina , Zhou Xia , Han Ying
Published: September 2024

Liver diseases have become a great burden to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality rates.
EDTA-functionalized hierarchical porous microspheres for effective cobalt ion recovery from water
Authors: Peng Mao-Hsuan , Li Chia-Chen
Published: September 2024

The new adsorbent EDTA@PSV, which is a hierarchical porous microsphere modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, demonstrates its effectiveness in extracting valuable metals.
Liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of thioamide building blocks with the Lawesson reagent: ex situ monitoring and detection of intermediate polymorphs
Authors: Naranjo-Castañeda Carlos , Leyva-Ramírez Marco A. , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: September 2024

Thioamidation of various classes of carboxamide substrates with Lawesson's reagent under liquid-assisted mechanical activation for the synthesis of relevant building blocks is described.
A systematic study of TMOn (TM = V, Cr, Mn, and Fe; n = 3 and 6) clusters embedded in a PtS2 monolayer
Authors: Tien Nguyen Thanh , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: September 2024

The electronic and magnetic properties of a stable PtS2 monolayer are modified by doping with TMO3 and TMO6 nanoclusters.
Thermodynamic phase control of Cu–Sn alloy electrocatalysts for selective CO2 reduction
Authors: Go Soohyun , Kwon Woosuck , Hong Deokgi , Lee Taemin , Oh Sang-Ho , Bae Daewon , Kim Jeong-Heon , Lim Seolha , Joo Young-Chang , Nam Dae-Hyun
Published: September 2024

Cu–Sn alloy catalyst can regulate CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) intermediates. However, previous Cu–Sn alloy catalysts were limited in phase control. Here, we report thermodynamic based Cu–Sn bimetallic phase control and selective CO2RR.
Visualizing localized nematic states in twisted double bilayer graphene
Authors: Wang Zhen-Yu , Ma Jia-Jun , Chen Qianqian , Wu Kefan , Xu Shuigang , Dai Qing , Zhu Zheng , Ren Jindong , Gao Hong-Jun , Lin Xiao
Published: September 2024

A new valence band (VB) state localized in the ABAB and ABCA stacking regions appears at negative voltage. STS mapping of this state reveals an underlying C2 symmetry, reflecting the electronic structure modulation within the moiré pattern.
Synergism between copper and silver nanoclusters induces fascinating structural modifications, properties, and applications
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Ganguly Mainak , Doi Ankita
Published: September 2024

Development of intriguing structures, physiochemical properties, and applications due to CuAgCN synergism.
Deciphering the Knoevenagel condensation: towards a catalyst-free and water-mediated process
Authors: Kolagkis Periklis X. , Serviou Stamatis K. , Stini Naya A. , Demertzidou Vera P. , Poursaitidis Efthymios T. , Galathri Eirini M. , Mountanea Olga G. , Skolia Elpida , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: September 2024

A catalyst-free and water-mediated approach for the Knoevenagel condensation is presented.
Controlled ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides through bifunctional thiourea–quaternary ammonium salt catalysts
Authors: Wang Kai-Yue , Li Zhuo-Qun , Li Zi-Hui , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Bifunctional thiourea–quaternary ammonium salt catalysts exhibited significantly higher activity over a two-component system with a similar structure at a low catalyst loading for the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides.
Synthesis of poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(amino acid) block copolymers by noncovalent protection of hetero-initiators
Authors: Zhang Siheng , Niu Jianda , Hu Enci , Xu Liguo , Dong Zhixian , Xu Jinbao , Lei Caihong
Published: September 2024

The noncovalent protection of Et3B avoids the complex protection and deprotection steps and directly synthesizes PLA-b-PAA block copolymers.
A bifunctional nanoporous gold–copper@ZIF film for highly efficient nitrogen electro-fixation
Authors: Zhao Shulin , Tang Guorui , Liu Xiaoyun , Pang Yue , Yang Yijie , Li Cheng-Peng
Published: September 2024

This work presents a unique electrocatalyst made of nanoporous AuCu alloys incorporated in a ZIF-71 film with bifunctional catalytic performance for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation.
Effect of nuclearity and reduction state of the central ligand on magnetic properties of hexaazatrinaphthylene-based cobalt(ii) and iron(ii) complexes: from extremely weak to record-breaking antiferromagnetic exchange interaction
Authors: Mikhailenko Maxim V. , Ivanov Vladislav V. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Kuzmin Aleksey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Breslavskaya Natalia N. , Timokhina Elena N. , Astakhova Tatiana Yu. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: September 2024

A series of HATNA and HATA complexes with high-spin cobalt(ii) and iron(ii) ions with different nuclearity and reduction states of the central ligand have been synthesized. Their numerous magneto-structural correlations have been discussed.
Li4Ti5O12@carbon nanotube arrays as high-performance anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Bin , Pu Yi , Tang Wu , Tang Hui
Published: September 2024

The innovation of advanced high-rate anodes is of great significance for the development of high-power and fast-charging LIBs.
A simplified chemical kinetic model with a reaction mechanism based on a multidimensional average error iteration method for ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen combustion
Authors: Yue Daiyao , Zhao Chongkai , Sun Rui , Jiang Jieyu , Sui Chunjie , Zhong Xin , Zhang Bin
Published: September 2024

A NH3/H2 kinetics model was developed, which is analyzed using MATI method. The combustion chemistry of NH3 under various conditions regimes are intensive studied and the new significant reaction pathways for NOx formation was elucidated.
Highly enhanced chiroptical effect from self-inclusion helical nanocrystals of tetraphenylethylene bimacrocycles
Authors: Hu Ming , Ye Feng-Ying , Yu Wei , Sheng Kang , Xu Zhi-Rong , Fu Jin-Jin , Wen Xin , Feng Hai-Tao , Liu Minghua , Zheng Yan-Song
Published: September 2024

New chiral TPE bimacrocycles exhibit helical self-inclusion in crystals, strong CD (>7000 mdeg) and CPL (absolute glum 0.062) signals, and significant potential in enantiomer analysis for diverse chiral molecules.
Lewis acid-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation of bicyclobutanes with ynamides: access to 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes
Authors: Sarkar Deeptanu , Deswal Shiksha , Chandra Das Rohan , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: September 2024

The Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation of BCBs with ynamides leading to the synthesis of 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes in a one-step process under mild conditions is reported.
An engineered ubiquitin binding coiled coil peptide
Authors: Vosbein Pernille , Vergara Paula Paredes , Huang Danny T. , Thomson Andrew R.
Published: September 2024

Mapping of key binding residues onto a designed coiled-coil peptide scaffold results in an enhanced-affinity binder of the protein Ubiquitin.
Anion transporters based on halogen, chalcogen, and pnictogen bonds: towards biological applications
Authors: Singh Anurag , Torres-Huerta Aaron , Meyer Franck , Valkenier Hennie
Published: September 2024

Synthetic anion receptors based on sigma-hole interactions are increasingly used to transport anions across membranes. This article discusses the progress in the field and prospects for biological applications.
A homoleptic Fe(iv) ketimide complex with a low-lying excited state
Authors: Hertler Phoebe R. , Sauza-de la Vega Arturo , Darù Andrea , Sarkar Arup , Lewis Richard A. , Wu Guang , Gagliardi Laura , Hayton Trevor W.
Published: September 2024

The rare square planar Fe(iv) coordination complex, [FeIV(NC(tBu)Ph)4], has an S = 0 ground state and a thermally accessible triplet state.
Dynamic handedness inversion of self-organized helical superstructures enabled by novel thermally stable light-driven chiral hydrazone switches
Authors: Chen Jingyu , Wang Zichen , Yu Yuexin , Huang Jun , Chen Xinyu , Du Tongji , Song Xinyue , Yuan Haiyang , Zhou Shuai , Hu Xiang-Guo , Zeng Xingping , Zhong Shengliang , Lan Ruochen
Published: September 2024

Chiral hydrazone photoswitch features are its high thermal stability and negative photochromy, making it desirable in the fabrication of thermally stable optical device.
Exclusive catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene toward p-aminophenol over atomically precise Au36(SR)24 clusters
Authors: Lu Jinzhi , Tang Kun , Qi Guodong , Juan Chao , Xu Jun , Cai Zhenfeng , Li Dan , Cai Xiao , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan
Published: September 2024

Atomically precise Au36(SR)24 clusters can provide a unique reaction pathway for nitrobenzene hydrogenation navigated over a cluster catalyst, thereby achieving an exclusive selectivity for p-aminophenol.
Ionic liquid-based extraction of metal ionsviapolymer inclusion membranes: a critical review
Authors: Adigun Babafemi , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Luo Huimin , Dai Sheng
Published: September 2024

Ionic liquid-based polymer inclusion membranes enable efficient and selective metal ion transport, utilizing the tunable properties of ionic liquids for sustainable metal separation.
High-entropy oxide-derived Cu catalysts for the coupling reaction of cyclohexanol dehydrogenation with acetone hydrogenation
Authors: Li Rui , Ye Yingdan , Zhang Yibin , Zhao Huaiyuan , Du Weichen , Hou Zhaoyin
Published: September 2024

A reduced Cu0.75Zn0.15Mg7.1Al1Sc1O11-HEO catalyst was highly active and stable for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol, and the conversion of cyclohexanol could be evidently enhanced when acetone was used as the solvent and/or hydrogen acceptor.
Asymmetric iron–titanium pairs within ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets enable high-efficiency nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Xia Peng , Lu Yang , Sheng Mingyu , Lu Fei , Wang Xi , Zhou Min
Published: September 2024

Monodispersed iron atoms were integrated into ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets, resulting in the formation of asymmetric Fe–Ti pairs. The asymmetric Fe–Ti pairs, characterized by delocalized electrons, synergistically promote the nitrate reduction process.
A conductive hydrogel with excellent self-adhesion, sensitivity, and stability for wearable strain sensors to monitor human motion
Authors: Huo Huanxin , Shi Haoran , Yang Hongxing , Zhang Xu , Wan Jianyong , Shen Jingjie , Du Guanben , Yang Long
Published: September 2024

A high adhesion and stable hydrogel was synthesized using CS-DOPA and AA for monitoring human motion.
High-performance organic solar cells enabled by the p-i-n structure and ternary strategy
Authors: Zhao Ju , Zhang Jiabin , Dou Yuejia , Zhang Kai , Zhu Chang , Zhong Zuiyi , Huang Fei
Published: September 2024

The layer-by-layer (LBL) strategy is an efficient way to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their superiorities in vertical component distribution.
The heterogeneity of physiological activity for chiral carbon dots derived from l/d/dl-arginine
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Xia Jiashan , Tao Chun , Chen Changmei , Cheng Xiangshu , Yi Rongchun , Wang Lulu , Wang Yue , Deng Tao
Published: September 2024

Chiral carbon dots synthesized from different chiral arginines have the abilities of NO production and lipid droplet inhibition, which may contribute to the therapy of cancer.
Enhanced near-infrared detection in organic phototransistors via optimized donor–acceptor single crystals
Authors: Ling Fengzhe , Zhang Yanxun , Du Qianqian , Zheng Xialian , Liu Qing , Wang Wenjun , Qin Shuchao
Published: September 2024

We present a rapid and highly sensitive near-infrared (NIR) organic crystal phototransistor, constructed from p-type copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and n-type 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).
Enhancing the stability of zinc-ion batteries with titanium-doped VO2 cathode materials
Authors: Liu Shuling , Zhang Wenhao , Guo Jiale , Zhou Zixiang , Wang Yue , Yang Yulu
Published: September 2024

Ti–VO2 is prepared by a hydrothermal method and used as a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries exhibiting enhanced diffusion kinetics, high capacity and excellent cycling stability.
Impact of solvent processing on the PM6/Y6 morphology and charge transfer in organic solar cells
Authors: Wen Zihao , Zhou Rongkun , Peng Shiping , Shi Yijie , Zhang Rui , Zheng Zilong , Gao Feng , Zhao Yi
Published: September 2024

In this article, we investigated the local morphology of PM6/Y6 thin films dependent on the solvent-treatment approach and calculate the charge-transfer, hole-transfer, and electron-transfer rates.
Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the continuum radiative transfer problem inside axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes
Authors: Perdigon J. , Faurobert M. , Niccolini G.
Published: September 2024

Context. The study of the continuum radiative transfer problem inside circumstellar envelopes is both a theoretical and numerical challenge, especially in the frequency-dependent and multi-dimensional case. While approximate methods are easier to handle numerically, they often fail to accurately describe the radiation field inside complex geometries. For these cases, it is necessary to directly solve the radiative transfer equation numerically.

Aims. We investigate the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM hereafter) applied to the frequency-dependent two-dimensional radiative transfer problem, and coupled with the radiative equilibrium equation. We next used this method in the context of axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes.

Methods. The DGFEM is a variant of finite element methods. It employs discontinuous elements and flux integrals along their boundaries, ensuring local flux conservation. However, as opposed to the classical finite element methods, the solution is discontinuous across element edges. We implemented this approach in a code and tested its accuracy by comparing our results with the benchmarks from the literature.

Results. For all the tested cases, the temperatures profiles agree within one percent. Additionally, the emerging spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and images, obtained by ray-tracing techniques from the DGFEM emissivity, agree on average within 5% and 10%, respectively.

Conclusions. We show that the DGFEM can accurately describe the continuum radiative transfer problem inside axis-symmetric circumstellar envelopes. Consecutively the emerging SEDs and images are also well reproduced. The DGFEM provides an alternative method (other than Monte-Carlo methods for instance) for solving the radiative transfer equation, and it could be used in cases that are more difficult to handle with the other methods.
Die Weiterbildungsstruktur der Handchirurgie in Deutschland –
Auswertung eines Online-Fragebogens
Authors: Rische Christian , Schmiechen Jule , Kremer Thomas , Rein Susanne
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Da einige europäische Länder bereits eine eigene
handchirurgische Facharztbezeichnung haben und andererseits in Deutschland die
Weiterbildungszeit der Zusatzbezeichnung für Handchirurgie von drei auf zwei
Jahre reduziert wurde, wird die Weiterbildungsstruktur des Fachgebietes
Handchirurgie intensiv diskutiert.

Ziel der Arbeit Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die aktuelle
Situation der handchirurgischen Weiterbildung in Deutschland zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden Es wurden zwei separate Online-Fragebögen zur
Selbsteinschätzung von Weiterbildungsassistenten und Weiterbildern in
handchirurgischen Abteilungen entwickelt. Der Fragebogen für
Weiterbildungsassistenten umfasste 29 Fragen und der für Weiterbilder 24 Fragen.
Erhoben wurden neben demografischen Daten und chirurgischen Trainingsparametern
auch der Umgang mit Lehrmedien sowie die Zufriedenheit. Der Online-Fragebogen
wurde über den E-Mail-Verteiler der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie im
Untersuchungszeitraum Mai bis Juli 2023 zur Verfügung gestellt.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen 54 Weiterbildungsassistenten (WBA) und 94
Weiterbilder (WB) an der Umfrage teil. Unter den WBA befanden sich 70% Frauen in
der Weiterbildung, währenddessen 65% Männer als WB fungieren. Die
handchirurgische Ausbildung erfolgte hauptsächlich in Kliniken der Schwerpunkt-
(p=0,012) und Maximalversorgung (p<0,001). Digitale Lehrmedien wurden
signifikant häufiger von WBA im Vergleich zu den WB verwendet (p<0,001). Im
Gegensatz dazu nutzten WB signifikant häufiger Zeitschriften (p=0,006) und
Hospitationen (p=0,024) im Vergleich zu den WBA für ihre Weiterbildung. Die
Einordung bestimmter chirurgischer Eingriffe im zeitlichen Verlauf der
Weiterbildung wurde von WBA und WB vergleichbar eingeschätzt. Sowohl die WBA,
als auch die WB waren mit der praktischen und theoretischen Ausbildung
größtenteils zufrieden. 61,1% der WBA und 57,1% der WB würden die Einführung
eines eigenständigen Facharztes für Handchirurgie begrüßen.

Fazit Die Bedeutung von digitalen Medien in der handchirurgischen
Weiterbildung wird zukünftig einen hohen Stellenwert einnehmen, weshalb digitale
Weiterbildungsangebote ausgebaut werden sollten. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die
WBA als auch die WB der Einführung des eigenständigen Facharztes für
Handchirurgie aufgeschlossen sind, was trotz der Verkürzung der
Weiterbildungszeit, die Kompetenz im Fachgebiet der Handchirurgie stärken
könnte.
Multiple Shunt Catheter Tips Migration into an Inguinal Hernia in an Adult
Authors: Alsheik Zuhdy , Margolin Emil , Robin Sharif , Dykman Daniel , Ezer Haim
Published: September 2024

Although ventriculoperitoneal shunt tip migration into an inguinal hernia is considered common in children, while in adults it is quite rare. In fact, only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature. We report a rare case whereby two catheter tips (one from a lateral ventricle shunt and a second from a 4th ventricular shunt) migrated into an inguinal hernia. This migration caused distal shunt malfunction, and only distal catheter shortening and suturing to the abdominal wall caused the two shunts to function again.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Brivaracetam and Levetiracetam for Prophylaxis of Early Post-Traumatic Seizures: A Prospective Comparative Interventional Study
Authors: Pandya Rajan , Sundaram Ponraj Kamatchi , Baghel Shashank Singh
Published: September 2024

Introduction Early posttraumatic seizures (EPTS) are a major complication after a head injury, defined as seizures developing within the first 7 days of trauma. Levetiracetam has become a popular drug for the prevention of posttraumatic seizures in institutions worldwide. However, it has been reportedly associated with adverse effects like behavioral changes and somnolence. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a newer drug, brivaracetam, which is reported to have a better pharmacokinetic profile. These findings may be significant in providing a safer yet efficacious alternative to levetiracetam.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of brivaracetam for prophylaxis of EPTS and to compare it with levetiracetam.

Materials and Methods A prospective, single-blind, parallel-group (alternate allocation) controlled trial over 100 patients admitted with traumatic brain injury in the Department of Neurosurgery, Goa Medical College, Panaji, Goa, India. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.

Results Twenty patients developed EPTS in the study group: 8 from the group receiving brivaracetam and 12 from the group receiving levetiracetam. Although the brivaracetam group had a lower incidence of EPTS, the difference was not statistically significant. Eleven patients from the levetiracetam group developed side effects, while six patients from the brivaracetam group had side effects. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects.

Conclusion Brivaracetam has efficacy equal to that of levetiracetam for prophylaxis of EPTS.
Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm in a Case of Moyamoya Disease: A Rare Entity
Authors: Soladhra Krushikumar B. , Verma Arvindkumar , Shah Varshesh K. , Velani Dharmikkumar K. , Modh Jaimin
Published: September 2024

Moyamoya disease is a rare condition characterized by progressive narrowing and occlusion of internal carotid artery and other major arteries of the brain with formation of multiple collaterals. The incidence of aneurysm in moyamoya disease is higher than normal population. Treating the simultaneous pathology of aneurysm and moyamoya disease in an individual is a rare entity. A 35-year-old male presented with headache, loss of consciousness, and generalized tonic-clonic seizure with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Digital Subtraction angiography showed moyamoya disease with left superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Rupture of aneurysm was suspected to be the source of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patient underwent clipping of the left superior cerebellar artery aneurysm with encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis. Patient survived the procedures. All patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in moyamoya disease should undergo angiogram and aneurysm should be looked for carefully. The site of aneurysm and the risk for damaging the collaterals should be kept in mind while planning the surgery in such cases.