bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drogentests als Prä-Mediatoren
Authors: Egbert Simon
Published: March 2022

Bereits drei Jahre bevor in New York am 11. September 2001 zwei gekaperte Flugzeuge im Rahmen eines als terroristischen Akt eingestuften Anschlags willentlich ins World Trade Center gelenkt wurden und damit drei Jahre, bevor die US-Administration begann, ihre sicherheitspolitische Ausrichtung verstärkt ins Vorfeld zu verlagern und dabei Figuren wie die unknown unknowns emergierten, die sich auf eine ebenso radikal offene wie riskante Zukunft bezogen, schreibt die langjährige Betriebsärztin von BASF, Hansi Kleinsorge, im Rahmen einer Publikation des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften namens Gefährdung der Sicherheit durch den Konsum illegaler Drogen den oben aufgeführten Satz. Sie nimmt damit eine präventive Rationalität vorweg, die sich gleichsam deckungsgleich in der auf 9/11 folgenden Neuorientierung US-amerikanischer Sicherheitspolitik wiederfindet.
Drogentests als scripted technology
Authors: Egbert Simon
Published: March 2022

Nachdem im vorangegangenen Kapitel die hinter Drogentestanwendungen am Arbeitsplatz stehenden Sicherheitsdiskurse dargelegt wurden, richtet sich der Blick ab jetzt stärker auf die Drogentests selbst. Denn Drogentesten ist nicht gleich Drogentesten. Es gibt unterschiedliche Wege, den Drogenkonsum von Personen zu überprüfen, womit jeweils unterschiedliche Aussagewerte und -wertigkeiten verbunden sind.
Interaction of cosmological domain walls with large classical objects, like planets and satellites, and the flyby anomaly
Authors: Dai De-Chang , Minic Djordje , Stojkovic Dejan
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Cosmological domain walls can be formed as a result of symmetry breaking at any epoch during the evolution of our universe. We study their interaction with a classical macroscopic object, like Earth or a satellite in Earth’s orbit. We set up an action that includes the interaction term between the massive classical object and the scalar field that the domain wall is made of. We use numerical calculations to solve the coupled equations of motion which describe the crossing between the domain wall and the classical object. Depending on the strength of the interaction, relative velocity and size, the object can be either stopped by the wall, or it can pass through it inducing deformations in the wall that cost energy. At the same time, the coupling to the scalar filed might change the object’s mass during the crossover. The fact that satellites in Earth’s orbit (or planets in Sun’s orbit) can change their mass and/or lose energy interacting with walls can be used as a new domain wall detection probe. For example, a typical velocity precision of a satellite is about 0.5 mm/s, which directly puts an upper limit on its mass change to ∆M/M ⪅ 5 × 10−17. Alternatively, a known satellite flyby anomaly can easily be explained as an interaction with a closed domain wall. We also show that the presence of matter modifies the scalar filed potential and can locally create a bubble of the true vacuum, and thus trigger the decay of the false vacuum. For a critical bubble which is able to expand, such an interaction with the domain wall must be strong enough.
FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF SPLIT REAL KAC-MOODY GROUPS AND GENERALIZED REAL FLAG MANIFOLDS
Authors: HARRING P. , KÖHL R.
Published: March 2022

We determine the fundamental groups of symmetrizable algebraically simply connected split real Kac-Moody groups endowed with the Kac-Peterson topology. In analogy to the finite-dimensional situation, because of the Iwasawa decomposition G = KAU+, the embedding K ,↪ G is a weak homotopy equivalence, in particular π1(G) = π1(K). It thus suffices to determine π1(K), which we achieve by investigating the fundamental groups of generalized ag varieties. Our results apply in all cases in which the Bruhat decomposition of the generalized ag variety is a CW decomposition- in particular, we cover the complete symmetrizable situation; furthermore, the results concerning only the structure of π1(K) actually also hold in the nonsymmetrizable two-spherical case.
A tree ring-based hydroclimate reconstruction for eastern Europe reveals large-scale teleconnection patterns
Authors: Roibu Cătălin-Constantin , Nagavciuc Viorica , Ionita Monica , Popa Ionel , Horodnic Sergiu-Andrei , Mursa Andrei , Büntgen Ulf
Published: March 2022

We present a new beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree-ring width composite chronology from five natural low-elevation forests in eastern Romania, which represent the species’ continental distribution limit. Our regional beech chronology reflects April–June hydroclimate variability in form of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over large parts of Romania, Ukraine, and the Republic of Moldova, for which high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence is broadly missing. Most of the reconstructed hydroclimatic extremes back to 1768 CE are confirmed by documentary evidences, and a robust association is found with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and sea surface temperatures over the North Atlantic. Reconstructed pluvials coincide with a high-pressure system over the North Atlantic Ocean and north-western Europe, and with a low-pressure system over south-western, central and eastern Europe, whereas historical droughts coincide with a high-pressure system over Europe and a low-pressure system over the central part of the Atlantic Ocean. Our study demonstrates the potential to produce well-replicated, multi-centennial beech chronologies for eastern Europe to reconstruct regional hydroclimate variation and better understand the causes and consequences of large-scale teleconnection patterns.
A new “practical" plane for Eustachian tube measurements and its application in predicting middle ear dysfunction in patient with acquired cholesteatomas
Authors: Ku Dominic , Copson Bridget , Fiorentino Mark , Gerrard Jean-Marc , O’Leary Stephen
Published: March 2022

Setting

The Eustachian tube plays a vital role in middle ear physiology. There has been evidence that Eustachian tube (ET) and angle are correlated with middle ear function. The measurements of these Eustachian tube features are now made possible with computed tomography and multiplanar reconstruction techniques. However, there has not been a standardised protocol devised to these measurements in limited window cone-beam CT scans of temporal bones.

Objective

The primary object of the present study is to establish and validate a new landmark in closer proximity to the middle ear that is consistently captured, thereby allowing ET angle and length to be measured from the majority of cone-beam CT scans. Secondarily, the ET anatomies of patients with middle ear dysfunction manifesting as acquired cholesteatoma are analysed with this new method of measurement.

Methods

This study undertook a step-by-step method to first validate the methods of ET measurement with Reid’s standard plane, then identifying an alternative landmark, thus a new plane visible on limited window cone-beam CT scans of temporal bones and lastly, validating the application of this new plane in the measurements of ET angle and length. This new method of measurement was coined the Ku-Copson plane and was applied to 30 cochlear implant patients and 30 patients with acquired cholesteatomas. Their ET anatomies were analysed and compared.

Results

It was found that the new Ku-Copson mandibular fossa plane was a reliable and accurate plane for the measurement of ET angle and length. Furthermore, it was found that patients with acquired cholesteatomas have statistically significant smaller ET angles and shorter ET lengths when compared with patients with cochlear implants, of normal middle ear function.

Conclusion

The newly proposed method utilising the right mandibular fossa as an anatomical landmark for ET angles and lengths measurement appears to be viable. The close proximity of this landmark to the middle ear means that it is highly likely to be captured in most cone-beam CT scans of the petrous temporal bones. This enables the retrospective examination ET angles and lengths to be conducted on CB CT scans. This study reports statistically significant difference in ET anatomy in patients with middle ear dysfunction.
Automated vs. human evaluation of corneal staining
Authors: Kourukmas R. , Roth M. , Geerling G.
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Corneal fluorescein staining is one of the most important diagnostic tests in dry eye disease (DED). Nevertheless, the result of this examination is depending on the grader. So far, there is no method for an automated quantification of corneal staining commercially available. Aim of this study was to develop a software-assisted grading algorithm and to compare it with a group of human graders with variable clinical experience in patients with DED.

Methods

Fifty images of eyes stained with 2 µl of 2% fluorescein presenting different severity of superficial punctate keratopathy in patients with DED were taken under standardized conditions. An algorithm for detecting and counting superficial punctate keratitis was developed using ImageJ with a training dataset of 20 randomly picked images. Then, the test dataset of 30 images was analyzed (1) by the ImageJ algorithm and (2) by 22 graders, all ophthalmologists with different levels of experience. All graders evaluated the images using the Oxford grading scheme for corneal staining at baseline and after 6–8 weeks. Intrarater agreement was also evaluated by adding a mirrored version of all original images into the set of images during the 2nd grading.

Results

The count of particles detected by the algorithm correlated significantly (n = 30; p < 0.01) with the estimated true Oxford grade (Sr = 0,91). Overall human graders showed only moderate intrarater agreement (K = 0,426), while software-assisted grading was always the same (K = 1,0). Little difference was found between specialists and non-specialists in terms of intrarater agreement (K = 0,436 specialists; K = 0,417 non-specialists). The highest interrater agreement was seen with 75,6% in the most experienced grader, a cornea specialist with 29 years of experience, and the lowest was seen in a resident with 25,6% who had only 2 years of experience.

Conclusion

The variance in human grading of corneal staining - if only small - is likely to have only little impact on clinical management and thus seems to be acceptable. While human graders give results sufficient for clinical application, software-assisted grading of corneal staining ensures higher consistency and thus is preferrable for re-evaluating patients, e.g., in clinical trials.
“Pure” hepatoid tumors of the pancreas harboring CTNNB1 somatic mutations: a new entity among solid pseudopapillary neoplasms
Authors: Mattiolo Paola , Mafficini Andrea , Lawlor Rita T. , Marchegiani Giovanni , Malleo Giuseppe , Pea Antonio , Salvia Roberto , Piccoli Paola , Sciammarella Concetta , Santonicco Nicola , Parisi Alice , Silvestris Nicola , Milella Michele , Adsay Volkan , Scarpa Aldo , Luchini Claudio
Published: March 2022

Hepatoid tumors (HTs) represent a rare group of neoplasms that are histologically similar to hepatocellular carcinoma but arise outside the liver. The current World Health Organization classification recognizes the hepatoid morphology of pancreatic tumors only as a possible variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we describe two cases of “pure” HT of the pancreas showing common features and characterized by indolent biological behavior. These tumors were roundish nodules with pushing borders, hyaline globules, and pure hepatoid histology; they were diffusely positive for β-catenin and LEF1 on immunohistochemistry. At next-generation sequencing, both neoplasms harbored only one pathogenic somatic mutation that affected the CTNNB1 gene at exon 3 and showed a loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 18 and 21. By integrating macroscopic and microscopic features, along with their molecular profiles, we advocate that such tumors represent a distinct entity from PDAC and should be considered a new variant of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. The recognition of this new neoplastic category may have immediate implications not only for tumor taxonomy but also for clinical practice.
Polyglutamylation: biology and analysis
Authors: Ruse Cristian I. , Chin Hang Gyeong , Pradhan Sriharsa
Published: March 2022

Polyglutamylation is a posttranslational modification (PTM) that adds several glutamates on glutamate residues in the form of conjugated peptide chains by a family of enzymes known as polyglutamylases. Polyglutamylation is well documented in microtubules. Polyglutamylated microtubules consist of different α- and β-tubulin subunits with varied number of added glutamate residues. Kinetic control and catalytic rates of tubulin modification by polyglutamylases influence the polyglutamylation pattern of functional microtubules. The recent studies uncovered catalytic mechanisms of the glutamylation enzymes family, particularly tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL). Variable length polyglutamylation of primary sequence glutamyl residues have been mapped with a multitude of protein chemistry and proteomics approaches. Although polyglutamylation was initially considered a tubulin-specific modification, the recent studies have uncovered a calmodulin-dependent glutamylase, SidJ. Nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) proteomic approaches have identified quantifiable polyglutamylated sites in specific substrates. Indeed, conjugated glutamylated peptides were used in nano-liquid chromatography gradient delivery due to their relative hydrophobicity for their tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) characterization. The recent polyglutamylation characterization has revealed three major sites: E445 in α-tubulin, E435 in β-tubulin, and E860 in SdeA. In this review, we have summarized the progress made using proteomic approaches for large-scale detection of polyglutamylated peptides, including biology and analysis.
Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands: From sediments, rhizosphere to vegetation
Authors: Wu Yueming , Leng Zhanrui , Li Jian , Yan Chongling , Wang Xinhong , Jia Hui , Chen Lingyun , Zhang Sai , Zheng Xiaojun , Du Daolin
Published: March 2022

The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands. These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments. Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands, to date, no review article has systematically summarized those studies, particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems (sediments, rhizosphere, and vegetation). The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field. Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions, most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates, such as metal sulfides. However, fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling, and hence, directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals. In the rhizosphere, root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals. As for plant tissues, tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes. Finally, to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands, some major future research directions are proposed.
An Effective Estimate on Betti Numbers
Authors: Ni Lei
Published: March 2022

We provide an effective estimate on the Betti numbers of the loop space of a compact manifold which admits a finite Grauert tube. It implies the polynomial estimate in Chen (arXiv:2101.04368, 2021) after taking the radius of the tube to infinity.
Coordinated Replenishment Game and Learning Under Time Dependency and Uncertainty of the Parameters
Authors: Ramirez Stefanny , van Brandenburg Laurence H. , Bauso Dario
Published: March 2022

This research proposes a periodic review multi-item two-layer inventory model. The main contribution is a novel approach to determine the can-order threshold in a two-layer model under time-dependent and uncertain demand and setup costs. The first layer consists of a learning mechanism to forecast demand and forecast setup costs. The second layer involves the coordinated replenishment of items, which is analysed as a Bayesian game with uncertain prior probability distribution. The research builds on the concept of the (S, c, s) policy, which is extended to the case of uncertain and time-dependent parameters.
The centrality of the machine in the thought of Jacques Lafitte
Authors: Sandrone Darío , Vaccari Andrés , Lawler Diego
Published: March 2022

Jacques Lafitte occupies an odd place in the philosophy of technology. He was a French engineer who made a significant and conceptually innovative contribution to this field, yet his influence has been elusive and largely ignored until relatively recently. Many of Lafitte’s ideas find echoes in the work of later philosophers (particularly Gilbert Simondon), yet, notably in the case of Simondon, apparently without any direct line of influence. Lafitte placed the machine at the centre of his thinking about technology and articulated various layers of analysis around it; for example, he considered machines in the broader context of an artificial world or “mechanosphere”, which encompassed certain aspects of philosophical anthropology (namely, how to think the human in the context of human–machine relations, in the context of socio-political organizations). In this work we seek to reconstruct Lafitte’s ideas and briefly trace some of their later impact. We identify three dimensions (or theses) in Lafitte’s analysis:epistemological,ontologicalandanthropological. We argue that the most remarkable fact about Lafitte’s thought is the way it inaugurates, and anticipates, the approach of later currents, not just in the “French tradition”, who also made an effort to integrate machine theory into broader philosophical, anthropological and political aspects, in terms that echo Lafitte’s. In particular, we will focus on Gilbert Simondon and cybernetics.
Understanding the Emotional Labor of Public Health Equity Work: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Abresch Chad , Gilbert Carol , Johnson Marilyn , Karki Bibhusha , Lyons Kiara , Meyer Karly , Tibbits Melissa , Toure Drissa
Published: March 2022

Background

Rectifying historic race-based health inequities depends on a resilient public health workforce to implement change and dismantle systemic racism in varied organizations and community contexts. Yet, public health equity workers may be vulnerable to job burnout because personal investment in the continual struggle against inequality exacts an emotional toll. Our study sought to quantify the presence of emotional labor in public health equity work and better understand its dimensions.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods study of public health equity workers focused on maternal and child health in the USA. Participants completed a survey on the emotional demands of their public health equity work. A subset of survey respondents was interviewed to gain a better understanding of the emotional toll and support received to cope.

Results

Public health equity work was found to involve high levels of emotional labor (M = 5.61, range = 1–7). A positive association was noted between personal efficacy (i.e., belief in one’s ability to do equity work well) and increased job satisfaction. However, burnout increased when equity workers did not receive adequate support for their emotional labor. Qualitative analysis revealed eight themes depicting the emotional burden, benefits and drawbacks, and coping strategies of public health equity work.

Conclusions

Public health equity workers report high degrees of emotional labor and inadequate workplace support to cope with the demands. In our study, workplace support was associated with higher job satisfaction and lower burnout. Research is urgently needed to develop and scale an effective model to support public health equity workers.
Multiobjective portfolio optimization via Pareto front evolution
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhou Aimin
Published: March 2022

Portfolio optimization is about building an investment decision on a set of candidate assets with finite capital. Generally, investors should devise rational compromise to return and risk for their investments. Therefore, it can be cast as a biobjective problem. In this work, both the expected return and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are considered as the optimization objectives. Although the objective of CVaR can be optimized with existing techniques such as linear programming optimizers, the involvement of practical constraints induces challenges to exact mathematical methods. Hence, we propose a new algorithm named F-MOEA/D, which is based on a Pareto front evolution strategy and the decomposition based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. This strategy involves two major components, i.e., constructing local Pareto fronts through exact methods and picking the best one via decomposition approaches. The empirical study shows F-MOEA/D can obtain better approximations of the test instances against several alternative multiobjective evolutionary algorithms with a same time budget. Meanwhile, on two large instances with 7964 and 9090 assets, F-MOEA/D still performs well given that a multiobjective mathematical method does not finish in 7 days.
Human, Animal and Automata Attributions: an Investigation of the Multidimensionality of the Ontologization Process
Authors: Pivetti Monica , Melotti Giannino , Meneghini Anna Maria , Puntin Elisa , Villano Paola
Published: March 2022

The ontologization process involves the use of social representation relating to the human–animal binary to classify ingroup and outgroup members. To date, no study has investigated the multidimensional nature (i.e. human, animal and automata) of the ontologizing process via structural equation modelling (SEM). Four hundred and twenty-one Italian participants were asked to attribute 24 positive/negative, human/animal/automata associates to each of three target groups: typical Roma/Chinese/Italian. Results showed that the proposed six-factor model (i.e. positive/negative, human/animal/automata essence) was statistically robust for each of the three groups. The Roma group was animalized by attributing more animal negative associates than any other target group, whereas the Chinese group was mainly given a robot positive essence.
Flexible nanostructured TiO2-based gas and UV sensors: a review
Authors: Nunes Daniela , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

Flexible sensors have been attracting an ever-growing attention over the last years due to their outstanding characteristics, that include their lightweight and cost-effective characteristics, high stretchability, biocompatibility, and conformability. Moreover, the pursue of such devices has exponentially raised, with the IoT (Internet of Things) technology and the integration of several kinds of sensor devices that allow exchanging information on the internet, as well as remotely operating devices and collecting data. In fact, IoT is bringing sensor usage to a new level, where gas and ultraviolet (UV) sensors are largely integrated, guaranteeing the well-being and safety of people, with the immediate detection and response to changes in an environment. Gas and UV sensors based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been largely reported, where numerous efforts have been devoted to improving its sensing performance, especially when employing TiO2 at the nanoscale. TiO2 has the advantage of being chemical stable, non-toxic, inexpensive, and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. This review outlines the current state of flexible gas and UV sensor technologies having TiO2 as the sensing layer and the impact of this nanostructured material on the field.
The 'Fall' of the Arab Spring
Authors: Maboudi Tofigh
Published: March 2022

Constitutional bargains are seen as cornerstones of democratic transitions in much of the world. Yet very few studies have theorized about the link between constitution-making and democratization. Shifting the focus on democratization away from autocratic regime break down, this book considers the importance of inclusive constitution-building for democratization. In this pathbreaking volume, Tofigh Maboudi draws on a decade of research on the Arab Spring to explain when and how constitutional bargains facilitate (or hinder) democratization. Here, he argues that constitutional negotiations have a higher prospect of success in establishing democracy if they resolve societal, ideological, and political ills. Emphasizing the importance of constitution-making processes, Maboudi shows that constitutions can resolve these problems best through participatory and inclusive processes. Above all, The 'Fall' of the Arab Spring demonstrates that civil society is the all-important link that connects constitutional bargaining processes to democratization.
The Right Privatization
Authors: Lazzarini Sergio G.
Published: March 2022

The public debate is rife with polarized views of how to deliver essential services such as education, health, and security. While some tout privatization as a way to supplant bad governments, others warn that private firms maximize profits at the expense of socially oriented service attributes. In reality, all forms of service delivery—public, private and hybrid public private-collaborations—have merits and flaws. This book scrutinizes the menu of delivery forms in public services and the conditions that should make them work. It argues that privatization benefits from capable government units committing to well-defined policy objectives, mobilizing critical resources, and incentivizing effective and inclusive delivery. Societies counting on capable governments can also reject single solutions and experiment with plural paths of improvement, where public and private organizations co-exist and learn from each other. This book will appeal to students, academics, managers and policy makers interested in examining the public-private boundary and the many ramifications of this focal issue.
Modern Erasures
Authors: Fuller Pierre
Published: March 2022

Modern Erasures is an ambitious and innovative study of the acts of epistemic violence behind China's transformation from a semicolonized republic to a Communist state over the twentieth century. Pierre Fuller charts the pedigree of Maoist thought and practice between the May Fourth movement of 1919 and the peak of the Cultural Revolution in 1969 to shed light on the relationship between epistemic and physical violence, book burning and bloodletting, during China's revolutions. Focusing on communities in remote Gansu province and the wider region over half a century, Fuller argues that in order to justify the human cost of revolution and the building of the national party-state, a form of revolutionary memory developed in China on the nature of social relations and civic affairs in the recent past. Through careful analysis of intellectual and cultural responses to, and memories of, earthquakes, famine and other disaster events in China, this book shows how the Maoist evocation of the 'old society' earmarked for destruction was only the most extreme phase of a transnational, colonial-era conversation on the 'backwardness' of rural communities.
Corruption Control in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Carothers Christopher
Published: March 2022

Corruption is rampant in many authoritarian regimes, leading most observers to assume that autocrats have little incentive or ability to curb government wrongdoing. Corruption Control in Authoritarian Regimes shows that meaningful anti-corruption efforts by nondemocracies are more common and more often successful than is typically understood. Drawing on wide-ranging analysis of authoritarian anti-corruption efforts globally and in-depth case studies of key countries such as China, South Korea and Taiwan over time, Dr. Carothers constructs an original theory of authoritarian corruption control. He disputes views that hold democratic or quasi-democratic institutions as necessary for political governance successes and argues that corruption control in authoritarian regimes often depends on a powerful autocratic reformer having a free hand to enact and enforce measures curbing government wrongdoing. This book advances our understanding of authoritarian governance and durability while also opening up new avenues of inquiry about the politics of corruption control in East Asia and beyond.
A Short Introduction to String Theory
Authors: Mohaupt Thomas
Published: March 2022

Suitable for graduate students in physics and mathematics, this book presents a concise and pedagogical introduction to string theory. It focuses on explaining the key concepts of string theory, such as bosonic strings, D-branes, supersymmetry and superstrings, and on clarifying the relationship between particles, fields and strings, without assuming an advanced background in particle theory or quantum field theory, making it widely accessible to interested readers from a range of backgrounds. Important ideas underpinning current research, such as partition functions, compactification, gauge symmetries and T-duality are analysed both from the world-sheet (conformal field theory) and the space-time (effective field theory) perspective. Ideal for either self-study or a one semester graduate course, A Short Introduction to String Theory is an essential resource for students studying string theory, containing examples and homework problems to develop understanding, with fully worked solutions available to instructors.
The Life and Death of the Shopping City
Authors: Kefford Alistair
Published: March 2022

How have British cities changed in the years since the Second World War? And what drove this transformation? This innovative new history traces the development of the post-war British city, from the 1940s era of reconstruction, through the rise and fall of modernist urban renewal, up to the present-day crisis of high street retailing and central area economies. Alistair Kefford shows how planners, property developers, councils and retailers worked together to create the modern shopping city, remaking the physical fabric, economy and experience of cities around this retail-driven developmental model. This book also offers a wider social history of mass affluence, showing how cities were transformed to meet the perceived demands of a society of shoppers, and why this effort was felt to be so urgent in an era of urban deindustrialisation. By bringing the story of the shopping city right up to its present-day crisis and collapse, Kefford makes clear how the historical trajectories traced in this book continue powerfully to shape urban Britain today.
The Christoffel–Darboux Kernel for Data Analysis
Authors: Lasserre Jean Bernard , Pauwels Edouard , Putinar Mihai
Published: March 2022

The Christoffel–Darboux kernel, a central object in approximation theory, is shown to have many potential uses in modern data analysis, including applications in machine learning. This is the first book to offer a rapid introduction to the subject, illustrating the surprising effectiveness of a simple tool. Bridging the gap between classical mathematics and current evolving research, the authors present the topic in detail and follow a heuristic, example-based approach, assuming only a basic background in functional analysis, probability and some elementary notions of algebraic geometry. They cover new results in both pure and applied mathematics and introduce techniques that have a wide range of potential impacts on modern quantitative and qualitative science. Comprehensive notes provide historical background, discuss advanced concepts and give detailed bibliographical references. Researchers and graduate students in mathematics, statistics, engineering or economics will find new perspectives on traditional themes, along with challenging open problems.
Preventing Rebel Resurgence after Civil War: A Field Experiment in Security and Justice Provision in Rural Colombia
Authors: BLAIR ROBERT A. , MOSCOSO-ROJAS MANUEL , VARGAS CASTILLO ANDRÉS , WEINTRAUB MICHAEL
Published: March 2022

How can states prevent armed groups from exploiting local governance gaps to (re)establish territorial control during transitions to national peace? We report results from an experimental evaluation of Colombia’s ComunPaz program, a scalable, inexpensive intervention that sought to replace rebel governance by harnessing complementarities between state and communal authorities and by improving security and justice provision in areas once dominated by FARC, the country’s largest rebel group. We find that ComunPaz enhanced the quality of local dispute resolution, increased citizens’ trust in (some) state institutions, and strengthened coordination between state and communal authorities. It also appears to have reduced citizens’ trust in, and reliance on, armed groups. The program did not, however, increase reliance on either state or communal authorities to resolve disputes, nor did it increase citizens’ trust in communal institutions. We discuss the implications of our findings for peace-building and state-building in countries transitioning from civil war.
‘They Accept Bribes; We Accept Bribery’: Conditional Effects of Corrupt Encounters on the Evaluation of Public Institutions
Authors: Letki Natalia , Górecki Maciej A. , Gendźwiłł Adam
Published: March 2022

The conventional view of corruption emphasizes its detrimental impact on the evaluations of public institutions. This view implies that in corruption-intense environments, the public should exert strong pressure on relevant authorities to combat corruption. Yet, multiple historical accounts suggest that in such contexts, corruption tends to thrive even despite extensive state-imposed anti-corruption measures. In this letter, we address this puzzle by studying the context-dependent effects of individual experiences of petty corrupt exchanges on the popular evaluation of public institutions. Drawing on the literature on the functionality of informal exchanges and normalization of corruption, we posit that negative effects of such experiences will be attenuated by the presence of institutional corruption among public service providers. In contexts permeated by corruption, corrupt exchanges will become routine, with limited effect on citizens' perceptions of street-level bureaucracy. Our empirical test, relying on a unique cross-national survey dataset from Central-Eastern Europe and a fine-grained ecological (municipality-level) indicator of corruption, largely supports these conjectures.
An updated world key to the species ofAcanthotheciss. lat. (Ascomycota:Graphidaceae), with ten new species from Brazil
Authors: Feuerstein Shirley Cunha , Aptroot André , da Silveira Rosa Mara Borges , Lücking Robert , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva
Published: March 2022

As part of a revision of the genusAcanthotheciss. lat. (Graphidaceae) in Brazil, an updated world key to the known species of the genus is presented. From Brazil, the following ten new species are described:A. latispora, with single-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic and stictic acids;A. megalospora,with single-spored asci, very large, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and protocetraric acids;A. multiseptata, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized and narrow, transversely multiseptate ascospores, and lacking secondary substances except terpenoids;A. norstictica, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. oryzoides, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. rimosa, with 2-spored asci, small to medium-sized, muriform ascospores, and stictic acid;A. roseola, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic, stictic and subnorstictic acids;A. saxicola, with 8-spored asci, small, 3-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. subfarinosa, with 8-spored asci, small, 6–8-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; andA. submuriformis, with 8-spored asci, small, submuriform ascospores, and lichexanthone. In addition, three further species are formally validated, namelyA. bicellulata,A. farinosaandA. subabaphoides, and the new combinationA. bicellularisis proposed, based onAcanthotrema bicellularis.
Archipelago Toyen: New Work on the Czech Avant-Garde Artist
Authors: Čapková Helena
Published: March 2022

Toyen (1902–80, born Marie Čermínová), a Czech avant-garde artist who spent most of her life and career in France, associated with a multitude of art groups that were dominated by the ideas of surrealism. She was a seeker and traveler who enjoyed collaboration with friends of any gender, nationality, or identity as a vehicle for her individual creativity. Toyen's fascinating and extensive body of work in a variety of media, ranging from painting to printing and design; her profound and lasting associations with more commonly known and often male artists, such as André Breton, Paul Éluard, or Benjamin Péret; as well as her charismatic, sexually ambivalent personality have increasingly become the focus of study. This no doubt has and will attract a growing number of sophisticated and high-quality research projects by scholars from different backgrounds working in a variety of languages. Two examples of such recent works are briefly examined in this review: Karla Huebner's monograph Magnetic Woman: Toyen and the Surrealist Erotic and the international exhibition Toyen: The Dreaming Rebel and its accompanying catalog.
Congenital left ventricular aneurysm of interventricular septum: prenatal diagnosis and long-term management
Authors: Cavalla Francesca , Cipriani Adriano
Published: March 2022

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm is a rare anomaly consisting of an extroflection from left ventricular walls with a wide connection. Most left ventricular aneurysms are asymptomatic and diagnosed as incidental finding, but can be associated with complications during follow-up. We present a case of congenital left ventricular aneurysm at the level of the interventricular septum with secondary remodelling of the left ventricle.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on eating habits and physical activity of university students in confinement due to coronavirus disease
Authors: Cofre Sebastian , Perez Victoria , Giuras Nicole , Pino Jose L , Diaz Claudio , Arguello Graciela
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate an online questionnaire to assess eating habits and physical activity of university students under confinement due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Design:

Generation of a cross-sectional online survey to university students conducted during confinement due to COVID-19. The study was divided into two phases.

Settings:

Students, Chile.

Participants:

Phase 1 considered the process of translation and back translation, expert panel, cultural adaptation and the generation of a pilot to validate a preliminary format of the questionnaire. In Phase 2, information from the instrument was collected from two hundred and sixty-eight university students, ages 16 to 30 years old, with a mean age of 21·6 (3·3) The major proportion of participants were female (82 %).

Results:

The adapted questionnaire was statistically validated in three dimensions: (A) eating habits and behaviours during quarantine, (B) perception of risk and (C) physical activity changes during the quarantine. The reliability of Cronbach’s α for dimensions A, B and C was 0·59, 0·85 and 0·97, respectively. The complete questionnaire obtained 0·61 in internal consistency and 0·61 (0·58–0·67) ICC reliability. A statistically significant positive correlation matrix was observed.

Conclusions:

This questionnaire is a practical tool to obtain accurate information about the relation of COVID-19 confinement on people’s eating habits and physical activity. Therefore, it could contribute to establishing appropriate strategies to prevent negative effects on people’s health.
Cultural adaptation of cognitive behaviour therapy for depression: a qualitative study exploring views of patients and practitioners from India
Authors: Jameel Sayma , Munivenkatappa Manjula , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Thennarasu K
Published: March 2022

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. However, culture can influence engagement and treatment efficacy of CBT. Several attempts have been made in Asian countries to develop a culturally adapted CBT for depression. However, research in the Indian context documenting the views on cultural influence of CBT is limited. The present study is an attempt to explore the views of patients and therapists in India by following an evidence-based approach that focuses on three areas for adaptation: (1) awareness of relevant cultural issues and preparation for therapy; (2) assessment and engagement; and (3) adjustments in therapy techniques. Semi-structured interviews with three consultant clinical psychologists/therapists, a focused group discussion with six clinical psychologists, and two patients undergoing CBT for depression were conducted. The data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis by identifying emerging themes and categories. The results highlight therapists’ experiences, problems faced, and recommendations in all three areas of adaptation. The findings highlight the need for adaptation with understanding and acknowledging the culture differences and clinical presentation. Culturally sensitive assessment and formulation with minor adaptation in clinical practice was recommended. Therapists emphasised the use of proverbs, local stories and simplified terminologies in therapy. The findings will aid in providing culturally sensitive treatment to patients with depression in India.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the views of Indian patients and therapists based on their experience of CBT.

(2)

To understand the need for cultural adaptation of CBT in India.

(3)

To understand the adaptations by therapists while using CBT in clinical practice.

(4)

To gain perspective on how CBT can be culturally adapted to meet the needs of the Indian population.
Parabolic reflectarray antenna to generate multiple beams for geostationary high throughput satellites in Ka-band
Authors: Martinez-de-Rioja Daniel , Martinez-de-Rioja Eduardo , Rodriguez-Vaqueiro Yolanda , Encinar Jose A. , Pino Antonio , Arias Marcos , Arrebola Manuel , Toso Giovanni
Published: March 2022

This contribution describes the design and simulations of a multibeam 1.8 m parabolic reflectarray antenna for geostationary high throughput satellites (HTS) in Ka-band. The parabolic reflectarray generates two orthogonal circularly polarized beams per feed simultaneously at 19.7 and 29.5 GHz, by the variable rotation technique. The antenna is made of 62 654 reflectarray cells, which include two types of printed elements independently rotated and adjusted. The elements have been optimized one by one to ensure the required phase-shift at each frequency. A novel design approach has made it possible to promptly obtain an initial layout of every element with a very low computational cost. The simulated radiation patterns show that the parabolic reflectarray, illuminated by 27 dual-circularly polarized feeds, can generate 54 spot-beams in two orthogonal polarizations, with a beam spacing of 0.56° between adjacent beams. The design and simulation tools have been validated by a parabolic reflectarray scaled in a factor of 0.5, which has been manufactured and tested. The proposed reflectarray would allow to generate a complete multi-spot coverage from a geostationary HTS with only two parabolic reflectarrays, instead of four reflector antennas, also reducing the number of feeds by half, since every feed generates two beams.
A Cognitive Processing Framework for Media	Interpretation
Authors: Ewoldsen David R. , Hoewe Jennifer , Grady Sarah
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The same media content can be interpreted by different people in radically different ways. We propose a framework that considers both the cognitive processes and the associated mental representations implicated in the interpretation of media content. The foundation of this argument stems from a constraint satisfaction approach to coherence, and it explains the dynamic relationship between media content and media consumers’ processing and interpreting of that content. By integrating parallel constraint satisfaction and coherence with reflective imaginative involvement, we present an explanation of how people interpret media stories and how they may engage with these stories in the future. We believe this framework has significant implications for media scholars interested in message processing and effects.
Deontological and Utilitarian Responses to Sacrificial Dilemmas Predict Disapproval of Sin Stocks
Authors: Niszczota Paweł , Białek Michał , Conway Paul
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Investors sometimes invest in the so-called “sin” stocks that cause social harm as a by-product of doing business (e.g., tobacco companies). Three studies examined whether people who reject harm and maximize outcomes in sacrificial dilemmas approve less of investing in sin (but not conventional) stocks. We employed process dissociation to assess harm-rejection (deontological) and outcome-maximization (utilitarian) response tendencies independently. Study 1 ( N = 337) assessed moral approval of stocks: People scoring higher on either deontological or utilitarian response tendencies disapproved of investing in sin, but not conventional, stocks. Study 2 ( N = 402) replicated this effect for willingness to invest in companies abandoning (vs. retaining) socially responsible policies. Study 3 ( N = 558) confirmed earlier findings using more conservative measures. These findings clarify the psychology of morally questionable investment decisions.