bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel source of food hydrocolloids from Trigonella elliptica seeds: extraction of mucilage and comprehensive characterization
Authors: Amiri Saber , Nabizadeh Farnaz , Rezazad Bari Laya
Published: June 2022

Background

In this study, the effects of seed weight (4, 8, and 12 g), extraction temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), and pH (4, 7, and 10) on the yield of mucilage extraction from fenugreek seeds and its chemical properties were investigated using response‐surface methodology.

Results

The optimum condition for mucilage extraction was a seed weight of 8.30 g, a temperature of 86.10 °C, and pH 6.90. The results showed that the dry weight of extracted mucilage increased with increase and decrease of extraction temperature and pH respectively at high seed weight. Increasing temperature and pH increased the extraction yield, and the effect was more considerable at low seed weight. The maximum carbohydrate content of mucilage was achieved at average levels of variables. The protein, flavonoid, and total phenolic contents of extracted mucilage increased with increasing temperature. Both flavonoid and total phenolic contents were maximum at neutral pH, but they were maximum at moderate and low levels of seed weight respectively. Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained at the highest extraction temperature, seed weight of 8 g, and neutral pH. The study of rheological properties indicated that extracted mucilage solution showed mainly elastic and shear‐thinning behavior.

Conclusion

The Fourier transform infrared spectra of extracted mucilage exhibited the existence of polysaccharides and protein chains in fenugreek seeds mucilage. The X‐ray diffraction corroborated the presence of crystals in the mucilage structure. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed the polysaccharides and protein composition of extracted mucilage. The maximum mucilage mass loss was observed at 190–350 °C using thermogravimetric analysis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polar Vessel
Authors: Su Huan‐Zhong , Zhang Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Hong Long‐Cheng , Huang Shu‐Jing , Su Yu‐Qing , Su Yi‐Ming
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To investigate the characteristic ultrasonographic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in major salivary glands and identify the value of polar vessel in color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for the diagnosis of ACC.

Methods

From January 2017 to December 2021, 76 patients with parotid and submandibular gland tumors, including 14 patients with ACC, as confirmed by surgery and histopathology, were enrolled. Their clinicopathologic information and ultrasound (US) features were recorded and analyzed. The performance of polar vessel in CDFI for differentiating ACC from non‐ACC (benign tumors and mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC]) was analyzed.

Results

ACC in the major salivary gland was more likely to be associated with pain symptoms (P = .027) and unclear borders and rough edges in grayscale US (P = .002, .015, respectively) than benign tumors. Compared to MEC, ACC tended to feature a homogeneous internal echo (P = .008). ACC of the major salivary gland had a significantly higher incidence of polar vessel sign than that of non‐ACC (benign tumors and MEC) (P < .0001, .0001, respectively). The polar vessel sign showed good performance in distinguishing between ACC and non‐ACC, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.857, a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94.7%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated at 100% and 93.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The US sign of polar vessel has high diagnostic efficiency, and it may have important potential for use as a new complementary sign for the diagnosis of ACC in major salivary glands.
Influence of landscape attributes on Virginia opossum density
Authors: Bernasconi David A. , Dixon Wesley C. , Hamilton Matthew T. , Helton James L. , Chipman Richard B. , Gilbert Amy T. , Beasley James C. , Rhodes Olin E. , Dharmarajan Guha
Published: June 2022

The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), North America's only marsupial, has a range extending from southern Ontario, Canada, to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, and from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific. Despite the Virginia opossum's taxonomic uniqueness in relation to other mammals in North America and rapidly expanding distribution, its ecology remains relatively understudied. Our poor understanding of the ecology of this important mesopredator is especially pronounced in the rural southeastern United States. Our goal was to estimate effects of habitat on opossum density within an extensive multi‐year spatial capture‐recapture study. Additionally, we compared the results of this spatial capture‐recapture analysis with a simple relative abundance index. Opossum densities in the relatively underdeveloped regions of the southeastern United States were lower compared to the more human‐dominated landscapes of the Northeast and Midwest. In the southeastern United States, Virginia opossums occurred at a higher density in bottomland swamp and riparian hardwood forest compared to upland pine (Pinusspp.) plantations and isolated wetlands. These results reinforce the notion that the Virginia opossum is commonly associated with land cover types adjacent to permanent water (bottomland swamps, riparian hardwood). The relatively low density of opossums at isolated wetland sites suggests that the large spatial scale of selection demonstrated by opossums gives the species access to preferable cover types within the same landscape.
Changes in Cough Airflow and Acoustics After Injection Laryngoplasty
Authors: Rameau Anaïs , Andreadis Katerina , German Alexander , Lachs Mark S. , Rosen Tony E. , Pitzrick Michael S. , Symes Laurel B. , Klinck Holger
Published: June 2022

Objective/Hypothesis

We explored the following hypotheses in a cohort of patients undergoing injection laryngoplasty: (1) glottic insufficiency affects voluntary cough airflow dynamics and restoring glottic competence may improve parameters of cough strength, (2) cough strength can be inferred from cough acoustic signal, and (3) glottic competence changes cough sounds and correlates with spectrogram morphology.

Study Type/Design

Prospective interventional study.

Methods

Subjects with glottic insufficiency secondary to unilateral vocal fold paresis, paralysis, or atrophy, and scheduled for injection laryngoplasty completed an instrumental assessment of voluntary cough airflow using a pneumotachometer and a protocolized voluntary cough sound recording. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare the differences between pre‐ and post‐injection laryngoplasty in airflow and acoustic measures. A Spearman rank‐order correlation was used to evaluate the association between airflow and acoustic cough measures.

Results

Twenty‐five patients (13F:12M, mean age 68.8) completed voluntary cough airflow measurements and 22 completed cough sound recordings. Following injection laryngoplasty, patients had a statistically significant decreased peak expiratory flow rise time (PEFRT) (mean change: −0.03 s, SD: 0.06, p = 0.04) and increased cough volume acceleration (mean change: 13.1 L/s2, SD: 33.9, p = 0.03), suggesting improved cough effectiveness. Correlation of cough acoustic measures with airflow measures showed a weak relationship between PEFRT and acoustic energy (coefficient: −0.31, p = 0.04) and peak power density (coefficient: −0.35, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our study thus indicates that injection laryngoplasty may help avert aspiration in patients with glottic insufficiency by improving cough effectiveness and that improved cough airflow measures may be tracked with cough sounds.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:S1–S14, 2023
Compatibilization of Immiscible Polymer Blends Using Block Copolymer: Influence of the Dry Brush Model Modifications on Model Results
Authors: Jůza Josef , Fortelný Ivan
Published: June 2022

The compatibilization of polymer blends using a copolymer can be estimated, among other, using simple theoretical models based on Leibler's mean field theory and its modification by Noolandi. The case when copolymer chain is shorter than homopolymer chains can be described in the “dry brush” approximation for high concentration of the copolymer in the interfacial layer and in the approximation for the low copolymer concentration in the interfacial layer. Since, there is a discontinuity between results provided by them, the effect of several modifications of the dry brush approximation has been studied. None of the tried modifications shifts results closer to the approximation of the low copolymer concentration.
Influence of the Grain Size on the Mechanical Behavior of a Nanostructured Poly(butyl methacrylate)–Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Lach Ralf , Grellmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

The morphology and mechanical properties of solution‐cast poly(butyl methacrylate)–polystyrene (PBMA–PS) diblock copolymer films (Mn= 270 kg mol−1, 70 Vol.‐% PS) prepared by using different solvents (cyclohexane, toluene, chloroform, and dioxane) are investigated in this study. All solvents except dioxane, which leads to PBMA cylinders in the PS matrix, result in lamellar morphologies. The grain size, however, by using cyclohexane, is —two to three times smaller compared to toluene and chloroform. The grain boundaries in PBMA–PS formed by the soft thermoplastic PBMA phase cause flaws in the material, which results in both small values of the tensile strength of cyclohexane‐cast films (23 MPa) compared to toluene‐ and chloroform‐cast ones (31–32 MPa) and low ductility.
Modeling of Manufacturing Induced Residual Stress in 3D‐Printed Components
Authors: Panchasara Kevin Mahendrabhai , Ramakrishnan Anantha Narayanan , Mehle Konrad , Ludtka Christopher , Schwan Stefan
Published: June 2022

The objective of this work is to model the residual stresses that can arise during the production of components using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Thermally induced residual stresses occur during the manufacturing process due to unfavorable thermal conductivity of the polymers used. For this purpose, the G‐code of a 3D printer is first imported into a column interpreter which can be rearranged according to given requirements. This is done using a Visual Basic macro. This geometry data is further processed using a CATIA macro to create a geometry in CATIA. For simplification a circular profile is used, which is extruded over polymer lines and stacked on top of one another. In concert, the time‐varying assignment of the boundary conditions over which the printing process is simulated is performed. The calculations are made in ANSYS Workbench using ANSYS APDL commands. The element activation‐deactivation method is used for the simulation. The thermal simulation is first demonstrated and validated on a sample block and then transferred to the CAD part. The results are imported from Transient Analysis and used as load steps for the Static Structural Analysis, where stresses, strains, and deformations are calculated. The results are then studied to finally print the geometry.
Comparative Study on Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 10.10 as Matrix Polymers for Biogenic Wood‐Plastic Composites
Authors: Hirsch Patrick , Theumer Torsten
Published: June 2022

Biogenic wood‐plastic composites from bio‐based polymers and wood fibers (bio‐WPC) provide an improved sustainability and carbon footprint compared to conventional composites. Recently, such bio‐WPCs from bio‐based polyamides have gained major interest due to their high mechanical and thermomechanical properties. In this study, the resulting mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties of two bio‐WPCs from polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 10.10 (PA10.10) with a content of 30 wt% of beech wood particles (BP), processed by twin‐screw compounding and subsequent injection molding, are analyzed by tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. For this, two comparable grades of PA11 and PA10.10 are used. It is found that the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and the temperature‐dependent storage modulus of the PA10.10/BP30 are significantly higher as compared to the PA11/BP30 material. These findings are addressed to the different number of amino groups per repeating unit in these polymers, leading to a better adhesion of the matrix and the wood fiber and consequently better mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the PA10.10/BP30. In consequence, bio‐WPCs from PA10.10 should be considered as an interesting alternative with a tendency to higher mechanical and thermomechanical properties in comparison to bio‐WPCs from PA11.
CO2 Cycloaddition to Plant Oil Based Epoxidized Monoester: Optimization and Catalyst Screening
Authors: Shahzad Irfan , Cepus Valentin
Published: June 2022

Migration of epoxidized monoester plasticizers based on bio‐oil can be reduced by adopting a green strategy of incorporating CO2 into the epoxy rings of the plasticizer. In the present work, three different approaches are evaluated to optimize reaction output and the time required to complete the cycloaddition of CO2 in epoxidized monoester of soybean oil with glycerol formal. In the first approach, deep eutectic solvent (DES) is utilized along with conventionally used tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) catalyst to analyze the effect of DES on reaction, while in the second approach a co‐catalyst system along with onium halide is employed. In the third strategy, a simple catalyst system comprising potassium iodide (KI) and polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG 400) or 18‐crown ether as phase transfer catalysts is investigated. In all three approaches, experimental parameters such as temperature, pressure, stirring rate, time, catalyst type, and catalyst concentration are systematically evaluated. TBAB catalyst along with equimolar (DES) under 40 bars pressure demonstrated the best conversion of epoxy groups to five‐membered cyclic carbonated rings within 4 h. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses are regularly performed to monitor reaction progress while nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (NMR) analysis is performed to confirm purity of the final product.
Wet Friction of Rubbers Containing DAE or TDAE Process Oil in ESBR and ESBR/BR Blends
Authors: Abbasi Shahdehi Iman , Alimardani Mohammad , Roshanaei Hossein
Published: June 2022

The inevitable need to replace conventional high aromatic process oils with new safe ones has made it critically important to investigate the extent of tire wet grip modification by process oils’ aromatic content. Here, direct measurement of wet friction is conducted on emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR) and ESBR/butadiene rubber (BR) rubber blends containing either safe treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) or the conventional distillate aromatic extract (DAE) oils. Interestingly, the results reveal that the wet coefficient of friction for rubbers with TDAE is comparable or even better than rubbers with the DAE. This stands in contrast with previous predictions founded on indirect methods such as the values of loss factor tan δ at 0°C. Analysis of temperature dependent dynamic properties exhibits similar values of tan δ at 0°C for two oil types; however, a higher level of loss tangent for TDAE is found near the glass transition temperature. It is hypothesized that the frequency of loading imposed by the microtexture of the concrete counterface may have dictated the temperature range in which the TDAE can surpass the DAE in terms of the wet grip performance. The difference in the wet grip of rubbers having two oils is more pronounced for the ESBR/BR blend system.
Strain Hardening Test: Short Term Test for Estimating Service Life of High‐Density Polyethylene
Authors: Kovar Marek , Nezbedova Eva , Hodan Jiri , Stary Zdenek
Published: June 2022

The strain hardening test (SHT) is based on uniaxial tensile testing to estimate the time to failure. It has been shown that the strain hardening modulus can be easily determined using SHT with testing times only a few hours. Due to the same molecular processes during SHT and conventional methods such as full notch creep test (FNCT) and Pennsylvania edge notch test (PENT), the strain hardening modulus covers the slow crack growth (SCG) resistance in pipe‐grade high‐density polyethylene (PE‐HD) to a high degree. The contribution summarizes the results of SHT, carried out on PE‐HD. It discusses the effects of geometry of the test specimens, and the correlation with the PENT and FNCT.
Bacterial Butyrate in Parkinson's Disease Is Linked to Epigenetic Changes and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Xie Aoji , Ensink Elizabeth , Li Peipei , Gordevičius Juozas , Marshall Lee L. , George Sonia , Pospisilik John Andrew , Aho Velma T.E. , Houser Madelyn C. , Pereira Pedro A.B. , Rudi Knut , Paulin Lars , Tansey Malú G. , Auvinen Petri , Brundin Patrik , Brundin Lena , Labrie Viviane , Scheperjans Filip
Published: June 2022

Background

The gut microbiome and its metabolites can impact brain health and are altered in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. It has been recently demonstrated that PD patients have reduced fecal levels of the potent epigenetic modulator butyrate and its bacterial producers.

Objectives

Here, we investigate whether the changes in the gut microbiome and associated metabolites are related to PD symptoms and epigenetic markers in leucocytes and neurons.

Methods

Stool, whole blood samples, and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 55 controls. We performed DNA methylation analysis on whole blood samples and analyzed the results in relation to fecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations and microbiota composition. In another cohort, prefrontal cortex neurons were isolated from control and PD brains. We identified genome‐wide DNA methylation by targeted bisulfite sequencing.

Results

We show that lower fecal butyrate and reduced counts of genera Roseburia, Romboutsia, and Prevotella are related to depressive symptoms in PD patients. Genes containing butyrate‐associated methylation sites include PD risk genes and significantly overlap with sites epigenetically altered in PD blood leucocytes, predominantly neutrophils, and in brain neurons, relative to controls. Moreover, butyrate‐associated methylated‐DNA regions in PD overlap with those altered in gastrointestinal (GI), autoimmune, and psychiatric diseases.

Conclusions

Decreased levels of bacterially produced butyrate are related to epigenetic changes in leucocytes and neurons from PD patients and to the severity of their depressive symptoms. PD shares common butyrate‐dependent epigenetic changes with certain GI and psychiatric disorders, which could be relevant for their epidemiological relation. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Robust decentralized optimal stabilizability of continuous time uncertain interconnected systems: Application to large scale power system
Authors: Feydi Ahmed , Elloumi Salwa , Braiek Naceur Benhadj
Published: June 2022

This article introduces a new design of a decentralized robust optimal feedback controller for a class of large‐scale systems using the modified algebraic Riccati equations. The studied class of large‐scale systems is characterized by structured uncertainties that are bounded. Our main contribution in this work is the use of the Lyapunov direct method for the stability analysis, associated with a quadratic function, in order to determine a new sufficient condition to guarantee the global asymptotic stability of the class of the studied uncertain interconnected systems. The proposed control approach is then implemented on a large‐scale power systems composed of three interconnected generators. Simulation results show that the proposed robust optimal controller is quite effective and has an outstanding performance.
A CuII‐Salicylidene Glycinato Complex for the Selective Fluorometric Detection of Homocysteine over 20 Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Li Xuecong , Yadav Prerna , Spingler Bernhard , Zelder Felix
Published: June 2022

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur‐containing α‐amino acid that differs by one methylene (CH2) subunit from homologous cysteine (Cys). Elevated levels of Hcy are diagnostic markers of cardiovascular disease and other medical conditions. We present a new CuII‐salicylidene glycinato complex 1 for the selective fluorometric detection of Hcy in water. In the presence of this analyte, the non‐fluorescent copper‐complex demetallates and disassembles into its building blocks. This process liberates a 3‐chloro‐5‐sulfosalicylaldehyde signaling unit and is accompanied by a 51‐fold turn‐on fluorescence at 485 nm (λex=350 nm). Out of twenty proteinogenic amino acids, only histidine (12‐fold turn‐on fluorescence) and Cys (8‐fold turn‐on fluorescence) trigger some disassembly of probe 1. In comparison with important pioneering work on the detection of biothiols, this study strikingly demonstrates that structural modifications of chelate core structures steer substrate selectivity of metal‐based probes. Importantly, probe 1 has proven suitable for the detection of Hcy in artificial urine.
A microplate‐based Response Surface Methodology model for growth optimization and biofilm formation on polystyrene polymeric material in a Candida albicans and Escherichia coli co‐culture
Authors: Ashrit Priya , Sadanandan Bindu , Kyathsandra Natraj Lokesh , Shetty Kalidas , Vaniyamparambath Vijayalakshmi , Raghu Anjanapura V.
Published: June 2022

Biofilm formation is one of the crucial factors for virulence in Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and their polymicrobial biofilm formed on medical prosthetics. In this study, high biofilm forming C. albicans M207 from a case of invasive candidiasis and a standard strain of bacterial culture E. coli ATCC 39936 were used for initial screening and media optimization using One Variable at a time (OVAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models, respectively, in polystyrene microtiter plates for in vitro biofilm studies. Sucrose and peptone significantly affected biofilm formation when screened by OVAT. Media optimization by Central Composite Design (CCD) showed that pH significantly affected biofilm formation for all the cultures which was further validated at critical parameters. Biofilm was quantified by growth OD measurements, MTT and CV assays in the presence and absence of FBS precoating and compared with standard Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) media which did not show any significant difference. This high throughput polystyrene microtiter plate assay for preliminary screening of nutritional components using OVAT and media optimization using RSM model is being reported for the first time for biofilm formation by C. albicans and E. coli in a single and dual species environment. This study is essential for functional analysis of in‐vitro growth and biofilm formation by these two pathogenic strains on polymeric hospital equipments and to develop suitable control measures to inhibit biofilm formation by C. albicans and E. coli single species and their co‐culture.
Triple‐shape memory materials based on cross‐linked ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer and ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer
Authors: Sun Longyi , Lu Xun , Bai Qiang , Wang Zhaobo
Published: June 2022

The blends of ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with triple‐shape memory effect was fabricated using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the crosslinking agent. The mechanical properties and thermal properties were carried out by the universal testing machine and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Furthermore, the triple‐shape memory behavior of the prepared EAA/EVA blends and EAA/EVA blends crosslinked by DCP were characterized by the shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio which were used as the evaluation standards. The blends exhibited the prominent shape memory properties, for example, the first shape fixity ratio was about 90%, the second shape fixity ratio was about 90%, while the first shape recovery ratio was about 100% and the second shape recovery ratio was about 90%. Moreover, the material had a stable shape memory behavior. This novel shape memory polymers expected to have a potential application in smart devices.
Defect‐induced current coupling in multi‐junction solar cells revealed by absolute electroluminescence imaging
Authors: Wang Youyang , Li Liying , Jia Yun , Hu Xiaobo , Weng Guoen , Luo Xianjia , Chen Shaoqiang , Zhu Ziqiang , Chu Junhao , Akiyama Hidefumi
Published: June 2022

An electroluminescence (EL) anomaly singular spot was observed in an industry‐standard InGaP/GaAs multi‐junction solar cell (MJSC). Affected by this singular spot, the spatially resolved subcell current distributions were found to exhibit unique opposite characteristics, which we call “defect‐induced current coupling.” Herein, we conducted systematic investigations to reveal the defect‐induced current coupling phenomenon, for the first time, through the absolute EL imaging technique. Specifically, a modified carrier‐balance model was first proposed to describe the subcell optoelectronic distribution around the singular spot. Then, optical and electrical properties including subcell non‐radiative recombination distributions, J–V characteristics, essential photovoltaic parameters, and energy losses were quantitatively extracted for characterizing the performance inhomogeneity caused by the defect‐induced coupling. Moreover, a three‐dimensional distributed circuit model was established to numerically simulate the absolute EL emissions and extract local electrical parameters around the singular spot. Simulation results revealed that the defect‐induced current coupling phenomenon is attributed to the deterioration of weak‐diode and shunt parameters at the GaAs bottom cell, and the efficiency of the MJSC was estimated to be reduced by 0.408% compared with the defect‐free MJSC model.
Sequence dependencies and biophysical features both govern cleavage of diverse cut‐sites by HIV protease
Authors: Samant Neha , Nachum Gily , Tsepal Tenzin , Bolon Daniel N. A.
Published: June 2022

The infectivity of HIV‐1 requires its protease (PR) cleave multiple cut‐sites with low sequence similarity. The diversity of cleavage sites has made it challenging to investigate the underlying sequence properties that determine binding and turnover of substrates by PR. We engineered a mutational scanning approach utilizing yeast display, flow cytometry, and deep sequencing to systematically measure the impacts of all individual amino acid changes at 12 positions in three different cut‐sites (MA/CA, NC/p1, and p1/p6). The resulting fitness landscapes revealed common physical features that underlie cutting of all three cut‐sites at the amino acid positions closest to the scissile bond. In contrast, positions more than two amino acids away from the scissile bond exhibited a strong dependence on the sequence background of the rest of the cut‐site. We observed multiple amino acid changes in cut‐sites that led to faster cleavage rates, including a preference for negative charge five and six amino acids away from the scissile bond at locations where the surface of protease is positively charged. Analysis of individual cut sites using full‐length matrix‐capsid proteins indicate that long‐distance sequence context can contribute to cutting efficiency such that analyses of peptides or shorter engineered constructs including those in this work should be considered carefully. This work provides a framework for understanding how diverse substrates interact with HIV‐1 PR and can be extended to investigate other viral PRs with similar properties.
Research on joint calibration and compensation of the inclinometer installation and instrument errors in the celestial positioning system
Authors: Wang Hongyuan , Wu Shaochong , Ye Zhilong , Zheng Xunjiang , Sun Shuodong , Wang Bingwen , Zang Yunzhao , Zhang Xuwei
Published: June 2022

The application of celestial navigation based on inclinometer to aircraft in near‐earth space and planetary rovers is a significant development direction. Due to the installation and instrument errors of the inclinometer, it is difficult for tilted platforms to obtain high‐precision positioning results. But the installation error of the inclinometer is coupled with the error of the instrument itself, and there is no effective way to measure the two errors separately. To improve the positioning accuracy of the tilted platform, a joint calibration and compensation algorithm of the inclinometer's installation and instrument errors is proposed. First, based on the principle of celestial positioning, the influence analysis model of the inclinometer error on the positioning accuracy is built according to the definition of inclinometer installation error and instrument error, which indicates the traditional algorithms are not suitable for tilted platforms. Then, a joint calibration and compensation algorithm for the inclinometer installation and instrument errors is presented based on coordinate transformation relationship and error propagation characteristics. Finally, a ground test platform is built and the experimental verification of the joint calibration and compensation algorithm of inclinometer error is accomplished. Experiment results show the root mean square errors of the longitude and latitude are and , and the mean distance error is 397.46 m, which is far less than the mean distance error 3629.27 m of the traditional calibration algorithm. It indicates the joint calibration and compensation algorithm can effectively compensate for the errors caused by the inclinometer and obtain higher positioning accuracy.
A Renal‐Clearable Activatable Molecular Probe for Fluoro‐Photacoustic and Radioactive Imaging of Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Li Shenhua , Li Qing , Chen Wan , Song Zhuorun , An Yi , Chen Peixin , Wu Yan , Wang Guanglin , He Yayi , Miao Qingqing
Published: June 2022

In vivo simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers is critical to accurately diagnose disease and decipher fundamental processes at a certain pathological evolution, which however is rarely exploited. Herein, a multimodal activatable imaging probe (P‐125I) is reported with activatable fluoro‐photoacoustic and radioactive signal for in vivo imaging of biomarkers (i.e., hepsin and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. P‐125I contains a near‐infrared (NIR) dye that is caged with a hepsin‐cleavable peptide sequence and linked with a radiolabeled PSMA‐targeted ligand (PSMAL). After systemic administration, P‐125I actively targets the tumor site via specific recognition between PSMA and PSMAL moiety and in‐situ generates of activated fluoro‐photoacoustic signal after reacting with hepsin to release the free dye (uncaged state). P‐125I achieves precisely early detection of prostate cancer and renal clearance to alleviate toxicity issues. In addition, the accumulated radioactive and activated photoacoustic signal of probe correlates well with the respective expression level of PSMA and hepsin, which provides valuable foreseeability for cancer progression and prognosis. Thus, this study presents a multimodal activatable probe for early detection and in‐depth deciphering of prostate cancer.
Real‐Space Investigation of the Multiple Halogen Bonds by Ultrahigh‐Resolution Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Wang Dingguan , Wang Zishen , Liu Wei , Arramel  , Zhong Siying , Feng Yuan Ping , Loh Kian Ping , Wee Andrew Thye Shen
Published: June 2022

The chemical bond is of central interest in chemistry, and it is of significance to study the nature of intermolecular bonds in real‐space. Herein, non‐contact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM) and low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT‐STM) are employed to acquire real‐space atomic information of molecular clusters, i.e., monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, formed on Au(111). The formation of the various molecular clusters is due to the diversity of halogen bonds. DFT calculation also suggests the formation of three distinct halogen bonds among the molecular clusters, which originates from the noncovalent interactions of Br‐atoms with the positive potential H‐atoms, neutral potential Br‐atoms, and negative potential N‐atoms, respectively. This work demonstrates the real‐space investigation of the multiple halogen bonds by nc‐AFM/LT‐STM, indicating the potential use of this technique to study other intermolecular bonds and to understand complex supramolecular assemblies at the atomic/sub‐molecular level.
Ferroelectric Domain Reversal Dynamics in LiNbO3 Optical Superlattice Investigated with a Real‐Time Monitoring System
Authors: Liu Qilu , Song Yukun , Wang Fulei , Guo Jiang , Wang Feifei , Yang Hongru , Zhang Baitao , Wang Dongzhou , Liu Hong , Sang Yuanhua
Published: June 2022

The optical superlattice structure derived from a periodic poling process endows ferroelectric crystals with tunable optical property regulation, which has become one of the most efficient strategies for fabricating high‐efficiency optical devices. Achieving a precise superlattice structure has been the main barrier for preparation of specific optical applications due to the unclear dynamics of domain structure regulation. Herein, a real‐time monitoring system for the in situ observation of periodic poling of lithium niobate is established to investigate ferroelectric domain reversal dynamics. The formation of reversed domain nuclei, growth, and expansion of the domain are monitored, which is highly related to domain growth dynamics. The nucleation and growth of domain are discussed combined with the monition of domain reversal and the variation of local electric field distribution along with finite element analysis. An electrode configuration with multiholes is proposed to use the local electric field more efficiently and controllably, which could achieve a higher domain nucleus density with high uniformity. Two‐mm‐thick periodically poled LiNbO3 crystals with high quality are achieved. A nonlinear light conversion from 1064.2 to 3402.4 nm is realized by the single‐resonance optical parameter oscillator with a nonlinear optical efficiency up to 26.2%.
Mechanical and fractural characteristics of structural lightweight fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Esmaeili Jamshid , Ghaffarinia Mahdi , Nodehi Mehrab , Gencel Osman , Shi Jinyan , Ozbakkaloglu Togay
Published: June 2022

Recent advances in the development of high‐performance insulating composite materials have created a new trend in the construction industry for the production of optimized lightweight structural sections. Although such sections are often found to have enhanced strength‐to‐weight ratio, their lower fracture resistance and toughness are commonly known to prone lightweight concrete sections to brittle failure with a low capacity to withstand crack propagation. To address this, in this study, six mixes containing lightweight expanded clay aggregates with a small quantity of hooked steel fibers ranging from 0 to 1.15 vol% are produced. As a result, it is found that the inclusion of steel fibers at 1.15 vol% can increase fracture energy and characteristic length by about 20 and 11 times, respectively. The result of this study is found to be significant and point to the development of highly ductile, structural‐grade lightweight fiber reinforced concrete through the use of hooked steel fibers.
Phase transition of SrCo0.9Fe0.1O3 electrocatalysts and their effects on oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Fangfang , Batool Mariam , Xiong Beichen , Yang Hong
Published: June 2022

Complex metal oxide has emerged as an important class of electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because of its flexibility in the crystal phase and relative ease in the control of defect structures. While different crystalline phases and solid structures may be produced from the same reactant precursors, their phase transitions and OER performances are not well understood. In this work, we present the preparation of different phases of SrCo0.9Fe0.1O3‐δ (nominal ratio) solids using a sol–gel method and the structure–catalytic property relationship of both crystalline and amorphous structures formed at different temperatures. We observed as synthetic temperature increased, phase and composition transitions occurred from the amorphous phase to strontium carbonate and cobalt oxide, to oxygen‐deficient perovskite, and finally to perovskite. The OER activity depended highly on crystal structures. The oxygen‐deficient perovskite prepared at 750°C exhibited the highest catalytic activity, while the perovskite showed the lowest activity. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the change of oxidation state occurred during the phase transition. This work provides a useful guideline for the design of OER electrocatalysts through controlling the crystal structures and defects in complex metal oxides, such as perovskite.
An Improved Hybrid Model for Nonlinear Regression with Missing Values Using Deep Quasi‐Linear Kernel
Authors: Zhu Huilin , Hu Jinglu
Published: June 2022

Missing values are ubiquitous in the nonlinear regression research, and may lead to bias and a loss of efficiency. Even in a large dataset, values drop‐out can substantially reduce the available information for analysis. In this paper, we propose an improved hybrid model to solve the nonlinear regression problem under missing data scenarios, consisting of two parts: an overcomplete winner‐take‐all (WTA) autoencoder and a multilayer gated linear network. The WTA autoencoder is trained in an adversarial training process by taking advantage of gradually renewed teacher signals and the discrimination of missing values and observed values, and is designed to play two roles: (1) to impute missing components conditioned on observed samples; (2) to generate gate control sequences. On the other hand, the multilayer gated linear network with the generated gate control sequences implements a powerful piecewise linear regression model, whose parameters are optimized by formulating a support vector regression (SVR) with a deep quasi‐linear kernel. Experimental results based on different real‐world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed hybrid model. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The kinetic models analyses of hydrogenated natural rubber during non‐isothermal degradation process
Authors: Lang Xiurui , Tang Qi , Han Lijing , Cui Yongyin , Liu Yumei , Cao Lan , Zong Chengzhong
Published: June 2022

Hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR) was prepared by diimide reduction of natural rubber (NR) latex and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and TG‐DTG. The thermal degradation kinetic models of HNR were studied under a nitrogen atmosphere by TG‐DTG. Achar and Coats–Redfern methods were used to study the non‐isothermal kinetics models change during the thermal degradation process of NR after hydrogenation. The results indicated that HNR with 34.69% and 63.74% hydrogenation degree were prepared. A one‐stage pyrolysis pathway could be observed from all the TGA curves which were shifted to higher degradation temperatures with the rise of saturation degree. The similar activation energies obtained by both Coats–Redfern and Achar methods confirmed that the kinetics calculation was accurate. The results showed the best‐fit models of the samples with the highest regression coefficient values (R2 > 0.90) were chemical reaction models. The reaction order was three (N3) in NR case and the corresponding mechanism functions were g(α) = [(1‐α)−2–1]/2, f(α) = (1‐α)3. The reaction order was two (N2) when it came to HNR with hydrogenation degree of 34.69%. The most probable mechanism functions were g(α) = (1‐α)−1–1, f(α) = (1‐α)2. As the degree of hydrogenation increased to 63.74%, the reaction order best‐fit changed to one (N1) which was proved to be the same as the ethylene‐propylene diene rubber samples. And the mechanism functions were g(α) = −ln(1‐α), f(α) = 1‐α. The thermal degradation models of polymers was closely related to the structure. And the structure effects affected the degradation behavior as well as the thermal properties of polymers.
Failure to detect Schmallenberg virus RNA in ram semen in the UK (2016–2018)
Authors: Curwen Alice , Jones Scott , Stayley Ceri , Eden Laura , McKay Heather , Davies Peers , Lovatt Fiona , Dunham Stephen , Tarlinton Rachael
Published: June 2022

Background

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge‐borne arbovirus that first emerged in the European ruminant population in 2011 and has since settled to an endemic pattern of disease outbreaks on an approximately 4‐year cycle when herd immunity from the previous circulation drops to a point allowing renewed widescale virus circulation. The impacts of trade restrictions on genetic products (semen, embryos) from affected areas were severe, particularly after the discovery that the virus is intermittently shed in the semen of a small number of bulls. The trade in small ruminant (ram and goat) semen is less than that of bulls; nonetheless, there has been no study into the shedding rate of SBV in ram semen.

Methods

Semen samples (n = 65) were collected as part of UK ram trials and artificial insemination studies around the period of the 2016–2018 SBV recirculation. Semen was preserved in RNAlater for shipping, and RNA extraction with RNeasy and S gene RT‐quantitative PCR performed for SBV nucleic acid detection.

Results

No SBV RNA was detected in any samples.

Conclusions

While larger numbers of animals would be needed to completely exclude the possibility of SBV shedding in ram semen, this trial nonetheless highlights that this is likely a rare event if it occurs at all and is unlikely to play a role in disease transmission.
Connecting Forecast and Warning: A Partnership Between Communicators and Scientists
Authors: Anderson Cheryl L. , Rovins Jane , Johnston David M. , Lang Will , Golding Brian , Mills Brian , Kaltenberger Rainer , Chasco Julia , Pagano Thomas C. , Middleham Ross , Nairn John
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, we examine the ways that warning providers connect and collaborate with knowledge sources to produce effective warnings. We first look at the range of actors who produce warnings in the public and private sectors, the sources of information they draw on to comprehend the nature of the hazard, its impacts and the implications for those exposed and the process of drawing that information together to produce a warning. We consider the wide range of experts who connect hazard data with impact data to create tools for assessing the impacts of predicted hazards on people, buildings, infrastructure and business. Then we look at the diverse ways in which these tools need to take account of the way their outputs will feed into warnings and of the nature of partnerships that can facilitate this. The chapter includes examples of impact prediction in sport, health impacts of wildfires in Australia, a framework for impact prediction in New Zealand, and communication of impacts through social media in the UK.
Erratum to: The flavor dependence of mϱ/fπ
Authors: Nogradi Daniel , Szikszai Lorinc
Published: June 2022

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2019)197
Creep behavior of polyamide 12, produced by selective laser sintering with different build orientations
Authors: Krönert Maximilian , Schuster Thomas Josef , Zimmer Felix , Holtmannspötter Jens
Published: June 2022

The successful use of components produced by selective laser sintering as a rapid manufacturing process requires a comprehensive understanding of the material. In this study, the effect of specimen build orientation on mechanical properties of selective laser-sintered polyamide 12 was investigated in detail. Samples were printed with an orientation of 0°, 15°, 45°, and 90° to the build platform. In addition to quasi-static tensile tests, creep tests under different loads (5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa) and for different times (10 h and 1000 h) with and without relaxation were performed. Creep behavior was analyzed using the Burgers model. Therefore, the elastic strain, the relaxant strain, the viscous strain, and the total deformation were determined. Results show that the build orientation has no significant influence on the long-term creep behavior, at small stresses. Short-term creep and relaxation tests show that the elastic and viscous strain are only slightly influenced by the build orientation. However, the viscoelastic strain is affected by the build orientation. Furthermore, the deformations resulting from creep and relaxation have no significant influence on the mechanical behavior as shown by tensile tests.
The canonical wall structure and intrinsic mirror symmetry
Authors: Gross Mark , Siebert Bernd
Published: June 2022

As announced in Gross and Siebert (in Algebraic geometry: Salt Lake City 2015, Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, vol 97, no 2. AMS, Providence, pp 199–230, 2018) in 2016, we construct and prove consistency of thecanonical wall structure. This construction starts with a log Calabi–Yau pair (X, D) and produces a wall structure, as defined in Gross et al. (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 278(1376), 1376, 1–103, 2022). Roughly put, the canonical wall structure is a data structure which encodes an algebro-geometric analogue of counts of Maslov index zero disks. These enumerative invariants are defined in terms of the punctured invariants of Abramovich et al. (Punctured Gromov–Witten invariants, 2020.arXiv:2009.07720v2[math.AG]). There are then two main theorems of the paper. First, we prove consistency of the canonical wall structure, so that, using the setup of Gross et al. (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 278(1376), 1376, 1–103, 2022), the canonical wall structure gives rise to a mirror family. Second, we prove that this mirror family coincides with the intrinsic mirror constructed in Gross and Siebert (Intrinsic mirror symmetry, 2019.arXiv:1909.07649v2[math.AG]). While the setup of this paper is narrower than that of Gross and Siebert (Intrinsic mirror symmetry, 2019.arXiv:1909.07649v2[math.AG]), it gives a more detailed description of the mirror.
A novel atraumatic extraction technique using vestibular socket therapy for immediate implant placement: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ghallab Noha Ayman , Elaskary Abdelsalam , Elsabagh Hossam , Toukhy Abrar El , Abdelrahman Hams , El-Kimary Gillan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This randomized controlled clinical trial compared soft tissue changes following a novel vestibular atraumatic extraction technique (test group) versus the conventional incisal atraumatic extraction approach (control group) while implementing the vestibular socket therapy for immediate implant placement.

Methods

Thirty patients with hopeless maxillary anterior teeth requiring atraumatic extraction were randomly assigned into two equal groups to receive either test or control. Vertical soft tissue alterations in mm were measured at baseline and 12 months post-restoration using intraoral digital scans at three reference points, distal papilla, mid-facial gingival margin, and mesial papilla, as well as pink esthetic scores (PESs) after 12 months.

Results

Vestibular extraction technique showed significant soft tissue improvement and creeping when compared to incisal extraction (P < 0.05). The test group showed soft tissue measurements with a mean (± SD) of 0.26 (± 0.58), 0.39 (± 0.64), and 0.05 (± 0.37) mm for the mesial papilla, mid-facial gingival margin, and distal papilla respectively. While the incisal extraction technique demonstrated gingival recession at the distal papilla, mid-facial gingival margin, and mesial papilla of − 0.37 (± 0.54) mm, − 0.32 (± 0.68) mm, and − 0.39 (± 0.59) mm respectively. The overall PESs after 12 months were 12.67 (± 1.59) in vestibular extraction group, while incisal extraction group was 11.40 (± 1.40), with significant difference between them (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

This investigation suggests that both studied techniques were successful in the atraumatic extraction of hopeless severely damaged teeth. The novel vestibular extraction technique might be considered an alternative reliable atraumatic extraction approach compared to the conventional incisal extraction when performing the vestibular socket protocol for immediate implant placement with soft tissue enhancement.