bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asociaciones entre la exposición a medios electrónicos y comunicación durante la infancia temprana.
Authors: Gago Galvagno Lucas G. , Azzollini Susana C. , Elgier Ángel M.
Published: May 2023

Propósito: evaluar la cantidad de uso promedio que los infantes realizan de los medios electrónicos, y observar cómo se asocian con la comunicación infantil temprana a través de una revisión integrativa de los últimos 10 años (2010-2020). Tema: el uso de pantallas durante la infancia temprana y sus asociaciones con habilidades de comunicación verbales y preverbales. Desarrollo: la comunicación verbal y no verbal en los primeros años son habilidades fundamentales, ya que predicen el desarrollo posterior de otras habilidades cognitivas y del rendimiento académico. Siendo que la exposición a dispositivos tecnológicos ha aumentado en los últimos años, tanto en adultos como en la infancia temprana, se vuelve importante revisar estudios sobre esta temática. Se encontraron 15 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. En los primeros tres años de vida, en promedio el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos fue de 1 a 3 horas diarias, y los mismos se asociaron de forma negativa con el desarrollo de la comunicación. Sin embargo, es necesario tener en cuenta si la actividad está acompañada por un adulto, el nivel educativo, y el tipo de contenido que se consume. Conclusiones: es necesario realizar más investigaciones en el contexto latinoamericano, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de dispositivos electrónicos y contenidos con los que contamos en la actualidad.
Dynamics of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Zelyak Vitaliy G.
Published: May 2023

The article aims to analyze the dynamics of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922 years and to determine the role and importance of the Siberian gold industry on the all-Russian scale. This is achieved through a consistent research of the annual gold indicators in Siberia as a whole, as well as production indicators in each major gold mining region of Siberia (except for the territories that were part of the Far Eastern Republic). The dynamics of the number of employees engaged in gold mining in Siberia during this period is also studied. The main historiographic problem of the history of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922 is the lack of data on metal mining in absolute parameters; research is mainly based on relative indicators. The article is based on data from statistical reporting materials of the Main Committee of the Gold and Platinum Industry (Glavzoloto) of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, which systematically published information about the all-Russian and regional production in specialized periodicals. To clarify and expand the understanding of the organization of the gold industry in Siberia, archival data of the State Archive of Novosibirsk Oblast was used. In 1920–1922, more than 7 tons of gold were mined in Siberia, which accounted for 85% of all-Russian gold mining during this period. The absolute leader of Siberian gold mining, like in the pre-revolutionary period, was Lensky gold mining area, which in 1920–1922 gave 84,85% of all-Siberian gold mining. In 1920–1922, Middle Siberia (Yenisei Province) produced more than 1 and Western Siberia about 0.2 tons of gold, which amounted to 12.25% and 2.3% of the all-Russian result, respectively. The period of 1920–1922 was one of the most difficult for the emerging Soviet gold industry both on a national scale and for specific gold mining regions, including Siberia in particular. The main reasons for the crisis of the Siberian gold industry were, first of all, the lack of food, huge difficulties in organizing the delivery of goods to the mining areas, the decline of the technical condition of mines. In some areas, attacks by armed gangs posed a serious threat to the work of gold mining enterprises. During 1920–1922, the authorities were forced to focus on the support of only the largest and most efficient (in terms of production of the metal) units Lenzoloto and Enzoloto. The rest of the gold-mining regions of Siberia switched to prospecting works. As a whole, the central and local authorities, making great efforts, provided a significant increase in Siberian and all-Russian gold mining.
Why Siberia is not America: features of the Siberian character
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Mazhinskiy Stanislav V.
Published: May 2023

This article is dedicated to the Siberian character as a part of the Russian national character. The article aims to review the special features and traits of the Siberians character. Over the past decades, Russian social sciences have comprehended Siberia as an American model of society. The main research method contains a comparison of Siberian and American societies within the process of colonization and development of the territories of both countries. Based on anthropological, historical and sociological studies, particular results were obtained: there are significant differences between the two societies in mindset, worldview, behavior, social communication, economic activities, and many more. The reasons of the mentioned differences are based on the colonization type and climate characteristics. Siberia was colonized by only one Russian ethnic group in harsh climatic conditions. There were no external threats during the Siberian colonization. North America was colonized by several national states (Britain, France, the Netherlands, Spain) in mild climates. By the way, North American territories were also developed by African slaves who worked at plantations. Besides, America was colonized under the French threat. Native people during the colonization in Siberia and North America played different roles. These totally contrasting conditions had a huge impact on agricultural practices and farming techniques, the worldview of the whole American national character and the Siberian local character. A significant part of this study was focused on the mentality of the Siberians. The core of Siberian mentality contains two big complex categories: space and labor. Space and labor as the main patterns of mentality formed the features of cultural, social and household life of the Siberians. As a result of a comparison of the colonizations and characters of the two societies, a comparative table was drawn up. The table shows the value-based categories of the two societies: desires, purposes, type of social relations, etc. Russian and American studies were taken as sources for evaluating the features. The table shows that only a few value-based categories are similar, other categories are different significantly. Obviously, future research demands more valuebased categories for comparison and evaluation. Detailed data about Siberian and American societies will help to conduct research with accurate results for unbiased comprehension.
Buddhist aspects of the image of Baron Ungern von Sternberg in the story Horsemen of the Sands by Leonid Yuzefovich
Authors:   Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Dubakov Leonid V.
Published: May 2023

The article explores the Buddhist components of the image of Baron Roman Ungern von Sternberg in the works of Leonid Yuzefovich. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the concept of the “Buddhist text” in modern Russian literature. The author of the article discovers and comprehends Buddhist ideas and motifs present in the story Horsemen of the Sands and the documentary novel The Autocrat of the Desert. Indirectly, the article also uses the essay “The Six-Armed God and His ‘Sons’ ” from Yuzefovich’s The Most Famous Impostors. The story and the novel were reprinted several times, and each time the writer made significant edits to them, which fixed significant changes in the image of the main character and reflected the writer’s deepening knowledge about Buddhism. The image of Baron Ungern in the story and in the novel is a complex and synthetic image, it combines the signs of a positive hero and of an infernal being, each of which is rooted in Buddhist metaphysics. The image of the baron as a character in Yuzefovich’s fiction correlates with the image of the real Roman Ungern von Sternberg. The real Baron Ungern looks no less exotic than his literary reflection. He is a participant in the White Movement, a religiously motivated warrior for the Buddhist faith, who comes into conflict with the West. He realizes himself inspired by Buddhist hierarchies and exists in the space of the approaching apocalypse. At the same time, in connection with the image of Baron Ungern in the story Horsemen of the Sands, the writer turns to the problems rooted in Buddhist philosophy, in particular, he raises questions of the illusory nature of being, karma and nonviolence. The image of horsemen of the sands fixed in the title of the story is a metaphor of time absorbing people and events, of the illusory space, of the unreliable human ontology, and of the unseemly vanity. Another idea of the story is the impossibility of avoiding the consequences of what has been done both at the level of the history of nations and of the fate of an individual due to karma, that is, the Buddhist law of created causes and matured consequences. The writer interprets both the appearance of Ungern in Mongolia and his passing away as a manifestation of bad karma. Finally, another important idea of the story is the idea of the essential discrepancy between the ethics of Buddhism and the idea of its violent, military propagation. The convergence of Buddhism and war in Horsemen of the Sands looks wrong and inappropriate, and leads people who have embarked on such a road to collapse at the level of their own destiny and to a historical defeat.
Corpus of digital accessibility standards: the current stage of development in relation to e-learning
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kosova Yekaterina A.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with issues of standardization of e-learning digital accessibility. It aims to analyze the content of the current digital accessibility standards and to assess the possibility of their use to ensure the accessibility of e-learning and its components. International and Russian federal standards that are directly or indirectly related to the digital accessibility of e-learning were studied. The search for documents was carried out in October 2021 – February 2022 on the official websites of standardization bodies by thematic headings and keywords in the title or abstract of the document. A sample of 92 current standards was obtained, including: international (global) – 57 (62%); international (European) – 23 (25%); international (Commonwealth of Independent States) – 2 (3%); Russian federal – 10 (11%). Using the content analysis method, the standards were systematized according to the following parameters: publication date; publication language; full text access features; geographical coverage; digital accessibility standardized parameters; digital accessibility beneficiary groups. The corresponding data set was published in the Mendeley Data online repository. The obtained data were studied using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel. As a result of the study, five categories of digital accessibility standards were identified (by areas of application in elearning): digital content accessibility standards (39; 42%), software accessibility standards (26; 28%), Internet communications accessibility standards (10; 11%), standards for ensuring individual needs and preferences (20; 22%), standards for the development and interpretation of digital accessibility standards (15; 16%). Some standards (13; 14%) cover more than one category. It has been determined that the beneficiaries of applying the most digital accessibility standards are all e-learning users who may be in conditions that make learning difficult. The analysis has identified two key groups of standards that can be used as a basis for the implementation of universally accessible elearning – standards based on the WCAG and AccessForAll concepts. WCAG regulates the requirements for the development of accessible digital content, and AccessForAll methods for meeting the user’s personal needs and preferences. It was determined that both concepts together can form a unified system in which WCAG is a mandatory component, and AccessForAll is an optional one. The need to develop new combined standards for e-learning digital accessibility, taking into account the best standardization practices, has been identified.
Collisions of administrative legislation on road safety in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Research Center No. 4 of the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Boronina Valentina S.
Published: May 2023

The article aims to identify and consider the basic collisions of administrative legislation on road safety on the territory of the Russian Federation. The theoretical basis includes the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the designated area of research. The empirical basis is the official statistics of the Main Directorate for Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the World Health Organization. The analysis of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation over the past decade (in the period from 2011 to 2021 the total number of deaths in road traffic accidents amounts to 238,663) shows that an acceptable level of safety for road users has not yet been achieved, just like in most of the developed countries, where 1.3 million road users were killed and about 50 million injured as a result of traffic accidents in 2021. Considering the relevance of this problem, the author discloses the targets set by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation in a number of regulatory legal acts aimed at improving road safety; outlines the principles of activities and legal and non-legal means of affecting the participants in these relations to achieve these targets; analyzes and defines the relevant legal categories: “safety”, “safety of participation in road traffic”, “ensuring road safety”. The author assumes that the road traffic safety is possible only in the case of neutralization and elimination of all the negative consequences of road traffic accident, such as death, various injuries of individuals, material losses, etc. Specific conditions that form the road traffic situation and affect its assessment, depending on the correlation of positive and negative segments of its total value, are noted. According to the author, measures to eliminate collisions of administrative legislation on road traffic safety are: legislative consolidation of the concepts “safe driving conditions on roads” and “dangerous driving conditions on roads”, with specification of their content; determination of road traffic safety criteria without limitation to sections of roads equipped with service facilities, which means considering the entire length of the road used.
MOBILITY OF ORTHODOXY IN MODERN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Lobanova Kateryna
Published: May 2023

This article is about modern Orthodoxy in Ukraine. First of all, it shows the way of Orthodoxy in the process of globalization and makes an attempt to describe a position of church in modern conditions. The article appeals to the data of opinion polls which have been carried out within the last 15 years. These data help to understand how opinions of Ukrainian people were changing regarding an idea of a local Orthodox church. At the same time, an attempt of explanation of Ukrainian religious complications is being done. The article attempts to summarize the role of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, to describe its activities in recent years: from the beginning of an independence and opening a free path to other religions – and to modern multi-religious Ukraine, where Orthodoxy still holds the position of the guide of spiritual life. Also the article examines researches of some Ukrainian scientists in different fields and shows future possibilities of the Orthodox church in Ukraine.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINICIZATION OF MARXIST PHILOSOPHY AND THE FEATURES OF EUROPEAN MARXISM RECEPTION IN CHINESE PHILOSOPHY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Jidan Xu
Published: May 2023

The sinicization of Marxism is the historical process of combining the basic theory of Marxism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution to form a sinicization of Marxism with national characteristics, national form and national content. Since the sinicization of Marxism was first proposed by Mao Zedong, in the great practice of leading China's revolution, construction and reform for a long time, the Communist Party of China has formed Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" and the Scientific Outlook on Development. These four theoretical systems reflect the distinct practicality. Since the mid-20th century, Western scholars have expressed two kinds of fallacies about Chinese Marxist philosophy: one is the "heretic" theory, that is, that Chinese Marxist philosophy is a "heresy" of Marxist philosophy; the other is the "replication" theory, that is, that Chinese Marxist philosophy is only a "replica" of "orthodox" Marxist philosophy. Both negate the fact that Chinese Marxist philosophy legitimacy of national identity. The legitimacy of the Chinese characteristics of Chinese Marxist philosophy is determined by the fundamental nature of Marxist philosophy, the proper attitude towards Marxist philosophy, and the theoretical goal of sinicizing Marxist philosophy. The most fundamental reason why Chinese Marxist philosophy has Chinese characteristics is that it is the philosophical expression of the Chinese way.
A Study on Policy Priority Analysis for Port Air Quality Improvement: Focusing on Ports in the Metropolitan Area
Authors:   The Korean Logistics Research Association, Kang In-Kyu , Lee Hae-Chan , Choi Young-Seo , Yeo Gi-Tae
Published: May 2023

The port areas in the metropolitan area maintain higher concentrations of air pollution throughout the year compared to other port areas, so air pollution management is urgently needed. Air pollutant emissions from ports in the metropolitan area were analyzed to be more than twice the national average. Despite these circumstances, analyses and studies on the sustainable and feasible port air quality improvement policy measures for the port areas in the metropolitan area are insufficient. In this respect, the purpose of this study was to derive policy priorities for improving air quality in the metropolitan ports. As for the method of the study, the CFPR (Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relation) method, which can integrate and analyze the opinions of experts, was used.
As a result of the analysis, in the overall weight ranking, the first, second, and third places were shown to be the strengthening of the ship fuel sulfur content standard, the expansion of eco-friendly ships, and the expansion of support for ship emission reduction devices, respectively. That is, all of the first, second, and third detailed factors were analyzed as policies related to vessel-oriented air pollutant reduction. In particular, most of the policy items ranked at the top were analyzed as policy factors that require strong regulatory policies, large-scale financial inputs, and government facility subsidy policies. This study has implications in that it presents useful policy measures that can be applied practically to policy makers to improve port air quality.
Experiencia de introducción de un trabajo tutelado en 2º curso de una ingeniería
Authors: Reinosa Prado José Manuel , Loureiro Montero Alfonso , Gutiérrez Fernández Ruth , López López Manuel
Published: May 2023

This paper deals with the experience of introducing a supervised work in the subject Resistencia de Materiales, characterized by being a base subject of the 2nd year of most engineering, normally associated with a large enrollment and that had always been evaluated based on a final exam. Due to the modification of the evaluation methodologies of the Degree in Mechanical Engineering and Degree in Industrial Technologies, it was decided to include an individual supervised coursework in the subject. The essential starting ideas were to give it the necessary weight according to the percentage assigned in the evaluation and also to generate an specific work for each student. A proposal was sought in an appropriate format to facilitate the correction, given that it had to be delivered on dates very close to the evaluation period. The process went very smoothly, with relatively quick proofreading. Most of the students resolved satisfactorily, detecting a certain precariousness when writing the conclusions and discussing the results obtained.
Murales colaborativos: una experiencia docente en "Dirección Estratégica de la Empresa de Moda"
Authors: Rey-Ares Lucía , Mato Santiso Vanessa
Published: May 2023

In the current educational context, the use of participatory and collaborative methodologies that promote teamwork becomes necessary, this implying that the student must evolve from being a passive subject to an active agent, becoming the central axis of his/her learning processes. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the application of collaborative murals, as a versatile and dynamic learning methodology, in the subject "Strategic Management of Fashion Company", which is taught in the 4th year of the BA Degree in Fashion Industry Management of the University of A Coruña. The implementation of this methodology highlights some of the pedagogical benefits cited in scientific literature. Thus, after carrying out a satisfaction questionnaire among the 49 students who participated in this teaching innovation experience, it was found that this methodology favors the development and practical application of theoretical concepts, allows the creation of a more significant learning environment, improves student motivation and contributes to enhance skills such as teamwork and cooperation.
Utilización de diversas metodologías docentes para mejorar el proceso de evaluación continua en el ámbito de la ingeniería civil
Authors: Rodríguez Pasandín Ana María
Published: May 2023

The teaching innovation experience that is presented has been carried out in the subject Transport Infrastructures (INTR), of the 2nd year of the Degree in Public Works Engineering (GIOP). Specifically, it has been applied in one of the three blocks of the aforementioned subject: the Roads Block. The experience consisted of evaluating INTR's Block of Roads through various activities of continuous evaluation and active learning to facilitate learning, help fix knowledge over time and increase the level of commitment of students with the subject. That is, activities other than the exclusive completion of a final exam were proposed. Thus, as continuous assessment activities, 3 tutored tasks, an oral presentation on video and an objective continuous assessment test were proposed (which released material if a grade greater than or equal to 6 points out of 10 was obtained). The technical difficulties to record the oral presentation on video negatively affected the success of this activity. Releasing material for the final exam positively affected the success of the continuous evaluation objective test.
Uso de Instagram como herramienta docente de la materia de Ortopodología Clínica del Grado en Podología
Authors: Santalla Borreiros Fátima , Gil Manso Pedro , Romero Soto Manuel , Pérez García Sergio
Published: May 2023

The familiarization and use of social networks among young people is an opportunity in the learning process. This innovative experience was based on the creation of an Instagram account in which to expose the result of the group work of the Ortopodología Clínica subject of the degree in Podiatry. Seeking to improve the understanding of the theoretical content created in said works and increasing the interest, the motivation and connection of students with the subject.
Galicia, sigue camiñando! Aprendizaje por proyectos (ABP) en Educación Física en la Universidade da Coruña
Authors: Varela-Garrote Lara , Fraga-Castrillón Noemi
Published: May 2023

Galicia, sigue camiñando! is the result of a project-based teaching-learning process developed in "Project-based work (PBL) in Physical Education", a 3-credit subject of the Interuniversity Master's Degree in Research and Innovation in Specific Didactics for Early Childhood and Primary Education. In this work an introduction about PBL methodology is made. Then, the experiential process based on learning by doing is described; conditioned by the time limits of the subject, the need for autonomous work and the articulation of a project around Physical Education. To these limitations is added the confinement lived in the 2020-2021 course, an aspect that influenced the final result. "Galicia, keep walking!" is built during online teaching, each member of the group designed a walking route at a graphic level and customized it according to its historical, cultural, visual, etc. value. The project contains 10 routes of the students' places of residence, disseminated in various social networks reaching a significant value. Two example routes are presented in this work. Finally, the main conclusions are drawn, highlighting the product generated (@galicia_siguiguecaminando) and the benefits of placing students at the center of the educational process through PBL.
A Review of Health Wearable-Based Physical Activity Interventions Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ryu Suryeon , Rodriguez-Gonzalez Pablo
Published: May 2023

Health wearable technologies have become popular in recent decades to improve individual physical activity (PA) behavior.
Thus, this paper aims to examine the health of wearable-based PA intervention among children and adolescents and provide
narrative overviews. This paper retrieved articles based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) experimental design; (2)
studies among healthy children and adolescents aged from 5 to 18 years; (3) studies using health wearables as a medium to
enhance PA or reduce sedentary behavior; and (4) studies with PA assessments as an outcome. Relevant articles were searched
based on recent preceding review papers published in 2021 and 2022. A total of 45 studies were included in this review.
Research conducted in the United States was predominant, and the participants' ages varied from 6 to 18 years old. Most
interventions were implemented for 6 to 12 weeks, and pedometers seemed to be the most easily accessible device. Regarding
intervention fidelity, a brief survey and interview were the most frequently used methods. However, there is a paucity of research
reporting intervention fidelity on this topic, leading to uncertainty about research findings.
The Exclusive Nature of the Exercise of the Right to Claim Division of Property in the event of Divorce: Supreme Court Decision 2022Seu613 delivered on 28th July, 2022
Authors:   The Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University, Chung Kutae
Published: May 2023

Exclusive right in exercise refers to a right in which whether or not to exercise the right is left only to the right holder's will at that time, and the exercise cannot be enforced against the right holder's will. Since the exercise of the exclusive right to one person is left to the free will of the individual debtor, even if the purpose is to manage property for the obligee, it is not permitted for a person other than the obligee to exercise it against the will of the obligee.
The object decision is that “the right to claim property division due to divorce is a right entirely entrusted to the claimant’s free decision-making for the personal benefit of the claimant, and has exclusive properties in the event of exercise, so it cannot be the object of the creditor’s right of subrogation and is not subject to the bankruptcy estate. It is meaningful in that it is the first Supreme Court decision to explicitly affirm the exclusive property of the exercise of the right to claim property division in case of divorce.
The object decision is based on ① “In case of divorce, the party decides whether to exercise the right to claim division of property in comprehensive consideration of the relationship with the spouse, children, etc.”, ② “The court divides the property in consideration of the nature of compensation for mental damage.”, ③ “The right to claim division of property cannot be determined by consultation or judgment.”, ④ “From the creditor's point of view, the debtor's right to claim the division of property does not deteriorate the debtor's property than the current state, even if there is an aspect that violates his expectations”.
I agree with the conclusion of the object determination, and think that the grounds ① and ④ of the object decision are valid, but I do not think the grounds ② and ③ of the object decision are valid.
A few thoughts on the legal personhood of artificial intelligence
Authors:   The Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University, KIM DO HOON
Published: May 2023

Legal discussions and legislative reform on new technologies with large ripple effects, such as AI, need to be preceded before the technology reaches a certain point. In particular, whether to recognize AI as a legal personhood is an issue that requires preliminary discussion and arrangement in that it can cause many changes.
Currently, the legal status of AI is a thing. Therefore, the legal personhood of AI is not recognized. Of course, there is an institutional possibility to recognize the legal personhood of AI. However, the corresponding social needs are not identified. At this point, it is difficult to identify significant problems or limitations in legal discipline that would necessitate changes to the legal status of AI. In addition, considering the level of AI technology and the extent of its utilization, it is difficult to ascertain a sufficient social need and consensus on changing the legal status of AI. Therefore, there is no need to change the legal status of AI at this point. However, there is a possibility that the demand and need for changes in the legal status of AI can be met in the future due to the development of AI-related technology, the increase in the use of AI, the cycle of improved awareness of AI, and the expansion of AI's autonomy. In addition, considering the degree of change that AI with sufficient autonomy can bring about, it is a reasonable response to set the basic direction and framework in advance.
The law is human-centered, and there is a high possibility that it will continue to be human-centered. The reason AI technology can be socially accepted is also because AI can help humans. However, the development of technology and the expansion of AI's autonomy and the formation of self-consciousness induce the possibility that AI can stand in a position superior to humans. Therefore, if the premise of human-centered law is to be maintained, it is necessary to institutionally limit the possibility that AI can stand in a position superior to humans through law and take measures so that humans can manage AI. Therefore, even if the autonomy of AI is sufficiently secured through technological development, it is still reasonable to treat AI as a thing. This is because if exceptions are allowed, unpredictable problems may occur. However, there is still room for situations in which social needs are met. In such a case, it is a reasonable approach to prepare the grounds for treating AI differently from things rather than changing the legal status of the AI.
A Study on the Relevance of ‘Relevant’ International Standards
Authors:   The Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University, Kim Kyung Woo
Published: May 2023

When international standards exist, WTO members need to make domestic technical regulations based on international standards for international harmonization. Article 2.4 of the TBT Agreement is related with the issue of the definition of international standards and whether international standards exist or not. However, in the discussion of international standards, the discussion has been only focused on international standard itself and ‘relevant’ international standard has not received that much attention.
The EC—Sardines was analyzed in light of the ordinary meaning of the term ‘relevant’ as to the relevance of ‘relevant’ international standards. The ordinary meaning of the term ‘relevant’ is ‘bearing upon or relating to the matter in hand; pertinent’, and in EC— Sardines it was recognized as a relevant international standard through interpretation in accordance with the ordinary meaning of the term.
Using the analysis in EC—Sardines, the US—Tuna II (Mexico) panel held that the related definitions and certifications constituted a ‘relevant international standard’ under Article 2.4 of the TBT Agreement. However, US—Tuna II (Mexico) appellate body did not analyze the meaning of the term, as it did not fall under the international standard.
In addition to the relevance of ‘relevant’ international standards, the expression ‘relevance’ also appears in the six principles of the ‘TBT Committee Decision on International Standards’. Although the same expression is used, the relevance in the ‘relevance principle’ that appears in the six principles can be seen as playing a role in preventing unnecessary international standards from being developed. The relevance of ‘relevant’ international standards can be said to play a role in harmonizing domestic technical regulations with the international standards thus developed.
These two ‘relevance’ need to be distinguished from each other linguistically and historically as distinct concepts. The international standard of the TBT Agreement is a device to promote international harmony. However, the obligation to harmonize should not simply be based on international standards, but on ‘relevant’ international standards.
Effect of Organic and Liquid Manures on Productivity and Profitability of Blackgram
Authors: Vinutha M. , Somasundaram E. , Sanbagavalli S. , Sivakumar U. , Ganesan K. , Sunitha R.
Published: May 2023

Background: Blackgram being important crop among pulse is gaining popularity and thus requiring suitable crop production practices especially under organic farming. In this context, this study was proposed with the objective to investigate the optimal nutrient management practices in organic blackgram by utilizing various organic nutrient sources. Methods: Field experiments were conducted at two different locations in spilt plot design. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of organic manure viz., Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1, Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1, Enriched FYM (EFYM) @ 750 kg ha-1 and Enriched VC (EVC) @ 1 t ha-1 as main plot treatments and five levels of foliar spray of liquid manure viz., two foliar sprays of Panchagavya @ 3% and Fermented egg extract (FEE), Fermented fish extract (FFE), Farmers effective microorganisms (FEM), Jeevamruth each @ 5%. Result: Results revealed that application of EFYM and VC, produced higher yield parameters and grain yield, respectively under main plot organic manure addition at site-I and II. Among the sub plots liquid manure treatments Panchagavya spray has produced higher grain yield along with the yield parameters at both the sites. Among the organic manures higher economic returns were obtained with the application of EFYM at both the sites while among the liquid manures better returns were obtained with the application of Panchagavya at site-I and Panchagavya or FEM spray at site-II.
Comparison of Biograft (Bovine Small Intestinal Submucosa) and Synthetic Graft (Polypropylene Mesh) Healing Effects when Repairing Abdominal Muscle Defects in Rats
Authors: Özdemir Süleyman , Gökçe A.P. , Kükner A. , Akbas G. C. , Temizel M.
Published: May 2023

Background: Abdominal wall injuries are commonly encountered in veterinary medicine and may lead to significant complications if not appropriately treated. Different types of grafts, including autologous, xenogeneic, biologic or non-biologic and composite grafts, are widely used to ensure adequate tissue repair and prevent recurrence in cases of hernia. However, identifying the most suitable graft for each case is particularly challenging. Methods: In the present study, a commercial graft derived from bovine small intestinal submucosa (bSIS) was compared with the polypropylene mesh (PPM) in terms of their repair efficacy and tissue compatibility. These grafts were used to repair artificially induced abdominal wall defects in 24 rats categorised into two groups. The morphologic and histologic analyses were used to compare and assess the grafts. Result: The results showed that bSIS has several merits over PPM in terms of biological activity and tissue compatibility.
Şizoaffektif Bozukluk Tanısı Olan Bireylerde İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma İle İlişkili Bir Faktör Olarak Dini Başa Çıkma
Authors: ERDOĞAN KAYA Ayşe
Published: May 2023

Ağır ruhsal hastalıklarda toplumsal damgalanma sık karşılaşılan bir durum olup damgalanmanın içselleştirilmesi bireylerin ruhsal durumunu, tedavi uyum ve seyrini etkileyen bir durum olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bundan dolayı damgalanma ile ilişkili faktörleri ortaya koymak önemlidir. Bu araştırmadaki amacımız şizoaffektif bozuklukta dini başa çıkmanın içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Toplum ruh sağlığı merkezi tarafından ayaktan takip edilen ve araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan şizoaffektif bozukluk tanılı hastalarda Dini Başa Çıkma Ölçeği ve Ruhsal Hastalıklarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma Ölçeği (RHİDO) uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Pozitif dini başa çıkma ile içselleştirilmiş damgalanma toplam skoru, yabancılaşma ve kalıp yargıların onaylanması alt boyutu arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Negatif dini başa çıkma ile içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ölçeği toplam skoru, yabancılaşma, kalıp yargıların onaylanması ve algılanan ayrımcılık alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Ayrıca negatif ve pozitif dini başa çıkma arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve güçlü bir negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır. İçselleştirilmiş damgalanmanın ilişkili olduğu faktörlerden olumlu veya olumsuz dini başa çıkma tutumlarının tedavi sürecinde ele alınması, hasta ile görüşmede bu tutumların saptanması, bunların içselleştirilmiş damgalanmaya etkisinin araştırılması, psikoterapötik müdahalelerin parçası olarak tedavi sürecine katkıda bulunabilir.
Tentang Rumus Induksi Matematika
Authors: Syaifuddin M. Yusuf , Zahidah, S.Si, M.Si Siti , Eridani
Published: May 2023

This paper presents various forms of induction formulas and at the same time proves the equivalence of these formulas by proving that some of these formulas are equivalent to the Well-Ordering Principle which applies to natural number set.
First case report of Salmonella spp. infection in Homalopsis buccata snake
Authors: Tiara Wandira Hariyanto  , Amelia Ezanti Nur , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Rahmahani Jola , Praja Ratih Novita , Yudhana Aditya , Nurwartanti Maya , Fikri Faisal
Published: May 2023

Reptiles are a source of transmission of pathogenic bacteria to humans. Salmonella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that are commonly found in the digestive tract of snakes. This study was conducted on Homalopsis buccata snakes with samples obtained by oral swabs and cloacal swabs on snakes. Isolation of Salmonella spp. carried out on Tetrathionate Broth media enrichment and will be inoculated on specific media in the form of Salmonella Shigella Agar media. Identification of bacteria was carried out by Gam staining and Indole, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer and Citrate test. This study revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. in the snake Homalopsis buccata.
Stretchable synaptic transistors based on the field effect for flexible neuromorphic electronics
Authors: Wang Xiumei , Qi Longqi , Yang Huihuang , Rao Yuan , Chen Huipeng
Published: May 2023

Using flexible neuromorphic electronics that emulate biological neuronal systems is an innovative approach for facilitating the implementation of next-generation artificial intelligence devices, including wearable computers, soft robotics devices, and neuroprosthetics. Stretchable synaptic transistors based on field-effect transistors (FETs), which have functions and structures resembling those of biological synapses, are promising technological devices in flexible neuromorphic electronics owing to their high flexibility, excellent biocompatibility, and easy processability. However, obtaining stretchable synaptic FETs with various synaptic characteristics and good stretching stabilities is challenging. Significant efforts to produce stretchable synaptic FETs have been undertaken; and remarkable advances in materials, fabrication processes, and applications have been achieved. From this perspective, we discuss the requirements for neuromorphic devices in flexible neuromorphic electronics and the advantages of stretchable synaptic FETs. Moreover, representative methods used to implement stretchable synaptic transistors, including the structural design and development of intrinsically stretchable devices, are introduced. Additionally, the application of stretchable synaptic transistors in artificial sensory systems such as light, tactile, and multisensory artificial nervous systems is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the possible challenges in implementing and using stretchable synaptic transistors, propose solutions to overcome the current limitations of these devices, and suggest future research directions.
An empirical analysis of ML techniques and/or algorithms for disease diagnosis prediction from the perspective of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Authors:   Institute of Computer Science, Vikram University Ujjain, MP, India, Prajapati Anil Kumar , Singh Umesh Kumar ,   2Institute of Computer Science, Vikram University Ujjain, MP, India
Published: May 2023

In recent times the death rate from heart disease (i.e., cardiovascular) is abnormally high. At present, heart disease has emerged as a serious disease for mankind, and prevention of which is very important in time. Diseases prediction through machine learning and/or deep learning are increasingly popular in recent years and there is a number of major ongoing research on predicting heart disease prediction. Predicting heart disease and/or cardiovascular through machine learning is a low costly and time-efficient method. ML techniques are based on the principle that computers recognize data and assign tasks automatically and/or with human input. Machine learning is a mathematical framework that combines mathematical, statical, and optimization techniques to predict outcomes based on input data (features, attributes, factors). As machine learning techniques have evolved, human diseases can now be detected more accurately and efficiently. A comprehensive review of various methods for predicting cardiovascular disease using machine learning is provided in this paper.
High Protein Yangyu Jiaotuan: Some Physico-Chemical, Textural, Microstructural, Rheological Properties, and In Vitro Oral-Gastro-Small Intestinal Starch Digestion
Authors: Zeng Fankui , Abihilasha Abihilasha , Zhao Yuci , Liu Gang , Kaur Lovedeep , Singh Jaspreet
Published: May 2023

Biomimetic foods are expected to have potential health benefits for the management and prevention of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the current research, two commercially available and affordable plant proteins (soy protein isolate-SPI and pea protein isolate-PPI) at two levels (5%, 10%) were added to the Yangyu jiaotuan with an objective to develop a product with reduced glycemic properties and high protein content while maintaining its original taste and texture. The results showed that several important textural properties such as hardness and chewiness did not change significantly during the refrigerated storage. The storage modulus G′ increased with refrigerated storage time for different samples, there were significant differences among the five samples (with and without protein addition) with respect to frequency dependence during rheological measurements. The in vitro starch digestion experiments showed that the starch hydrolysis of Yangyu jiaotuan decreased considerably with the increase in PPI content and during refrigerated storage due to starch retrogradation. Protein has protected the microstructure and there was less damage when compared to samples without protein. The bimodal peaks of the particle size distribution curves showed that the newly developed Yangyu jiaotuan contains two different sizes of particles, the smaller particles (~30 μm) corresponded to PPI and starch granules, while the larger particles corresponded to the fragments of gel network of the starch matrix. Based on the above results, Yangyu jiaotuan mixed with pea protein is a convenient potato staple food product, which complies with the biomimetic potato food very well.
Scaffold and Cell-Based Tissue Engineering Approaches as Alternative Therapy for Blood Vessel Disease
Authors: Sassi Salha , Watanabe Tatsuya , Shinoka Toshiharu
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although new therapies are actively being developed and used for cardiovascular pathologies, these attempts have not significantly decreased mortality rates. Regenerative medicine has made enormous progress and set promising approaches over the past half-century. However, since autologous (donor-derived) vascular grafts are lacking, an alternative prosthesis must be constructed for cardiovascular disease patients. In vascular tissue manufacturing and regenerative medicine, scientists seek to improve this significant clinical challenge using bio-fabrication techniques combining additive manufacturing, biomaterials science, and advanced cellular biology. In the last few decades, many improvements and changes in various approaches have helped develop bioengineered concepts that reflect native blood vessels’ structure and function. However, numerous challenges must be overcome to clinically translate the next generation of tissue-engineered vascular transplants. This review provides update on the cell sources, scaffold essential for cardiovascular tissue engineering, and tissue engineering approaches as prospective options for curative therapy for blood vessel disease.
Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles As Drug Delivery Vehicles: Doe Production Optimization and Drug Delivery
Authors: Carrêlo Henrique , Cidade Maria Teresa , Borges João Paulo , Soares Paula
Published: May 2023

Polysaccharides such as alginate and gellan gum are biocompatible and easily accessible biopolymers with excellent properties to produce microparticles as drug delivery systems. However, the production methods often fail in reproducibility, compromising the translational potential of such systems. In this work, microparticles made from gellan gum and alginate were optimized using the coaxial air flow method, and an inexpensive and reproducible production method. A Design of Experiments was used to identify the main parameters that affect the microparticle’s production and optimization, focusing on the diameter and dispersibility. Airflow was the most significant factor for both parameters. Pump flow affected the diameter, whilst the gellan gum/alginate ratio affected dispersibility. After optimization, microparticle swelling, drug entrapment and release profile were analyzed at two pH, 7.4 and 6.5. Using methylene blue as a model drug, higher encapsulation and swelling indexes were obtained at pH 7.4, whilst a more pronounced release occurred at pH 6.5. The microparticle release profiles were studied by resorting to well-known models, showing a Fickian type release. The developed microparticles show promising results as drug-delivery vehicles for biomedical applications.
Discrete-Time Fractional Difference Calculus: Origins, Evolutions, and New Formalisms
Authors: Ortigueira Manuel
Published: May 2023

Differences are introduced as outputs of linear systems called differencers, being considered two classes: shift and scale-invariant. Several types are presented, namely: nabla and delta, bilateral, tempered, bilinear, stretching, and shrinking. Both continuous and discrete-time are described. ARMA type systems based on differencers are introduced and exemplified. In passing, the incorrectness of the usual delta difference is shown.