bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel TBR1 c.1303C>T Variant Led to Diagnosis of Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Autism and Speech Delay: Application of Comprehensive Family-Based Whole-Genome Analysis
Authors: Ćuk Mario , Unal Busra , Bagarić Matea , Krakar Goran , Walker McKenzie , Hayes Connor P. , Gašpić Boris , Skular Goran , Ghazani Arezou A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and speech delay (IDDAS) is a rare and complex neurological disorder characterized by the presence of both intellectual and speech impairment and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The prevalence of IDDAS is unknown but genetically, it is caused by heterozygous variants in the TBR1 gene. Methods: A 7-year-old female with autistic features and delayed speech development was presented with unaffected parents. Trio-joint analysis was conducted on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from the proband and unaffected parents. A phenotype-driven analysis was conducted to investigate variants related to the patient’s clinical presentation. A zygosity-focused analysis was performed to investigate de novo and compound heterozygote variants related to the etiology. Results: The joint-genome analysis identified a novel NM_006593.4(TBR1):c.1303C>T p.Gln435* nonsense variant in the proband. The de novo analysis confirmed the absence of the variant in the parents. No additional causative variants were identified in genes associated with the proband’s phenotype. Conclusions: This is the first report of the NM_006593.4(TBR1):c.1303C>T variant in a patient with IDDAS. This study presents the clinical features of the patient and highlights details of trio-WGS analysis in the molecular diagnosis of this complex disease. Sharing these details is important, as they contribute to the understanding of the spectrum of this rare syndrome.
Can Urate Lowering Therapy Be Stopped in Gout? Rationale and Design of Two Large Randomised Trials
Authors: Richette Pascal , Flendrie Marcel , Joosten Leo A. B. , van Herwaarden Noortje
Published: January 2025

Lifelong urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is recommended for gout to prevent flares and urate deposition. However, concerns about its adherence, long-term side effects, and the necessity of continuous treatment after achieving remission raise critical questions. Two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), GO TEST Finale and STING, aim to evaluate the safety and feasibility of ULT discontinuation in gout patients in remission. The GO TEST Finale is a superiority trial involving 310 patients in the Netherlands, comparing a treat-to-target (T2T) ULT continuation strategy with ULT discontinuation. Patients in the discontinuation arm resume ULT only after flare recurrence or tophi development. The primary outcomes focus on remission criteria failure over 24 months, while the secondary outcomes explore predictors of successful discontinuation and cost-effectiveness. The STING study, a non-inferiority trial in France, includes 450 patients without ultrasound (US) evidence of urate deposits. Patients in the discontinuation group resume ULT if a US detects urate deposition during follow-up, minimising flare risk. The primary outcomes measure the proportion of patients experiencing flares at two years, with the secondary outcomes examining the long-term health impacts and cost-effectiveness. These trials provide an opportunity for translational research into the immunological and epigenetic effects of rising serum urate levels. The results could inform personalised strategies for a drug-free period and address the critical question of whether lifelong ULT is necessary for gout management. The complementary findings from both trials are expected to contribute significantly to resolving this ongoing clinical debate.
Genetic Perception Versus Nutritional Factors: Analyzing the Indigenous Baduy Community’s Understanding of Stunting as a Health Issue
Authors: Putri Liza Diniarizky , Agustin Herlina , Bakti Iriana , Suminar Jenny Ratna
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in addressing public health issues in the context of stunting in the Baduy community. Baduy is a remote indigenous group in Indonesia. The Indonesian government and NGOs such as SRI and Dompet Dhuafa have attempted to abolish stunting. However, factors such as cultural aspects, communication gaps, and logistic problems prevent the optimization of health interventions. Midwives and other health workers have yet to win the community’s trust and provide quality services, but the lack of sustainable solutions further worsens their problem. This studyhighlights the urgency of culturally appropriate, long-term strategies that stay within the unique Baduy lifestyle and belief system, including integrating the tribal leaders into health campaigns. This study also seeks to explain the role of modern healthcare in the Baduy community, particularly the functional acceptance of modern medicine due to its effectiveness in treating severe health problems. However, controversies regarding access to healthcare for Indigenous peoples, especially regarding government resources for care in urban centers, reveal broader issues of healthcare equity in Indonesia. The study finds the need to advocate improved and culturally sensitive interventions, particularly in health communication and government support, to ensure sustainable improvements in public health for Indigenous peoples such as the Baduy.
Global Perspectives on Obesity and Being Overweight: A Bibliometric Analysis in Relation to Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Ueda Yamaguchi Natália , de Almeida Letícia , Carvalho Gomes Corrêa Rúbia , Grossi Milani Rute , Ueda Yamaguchi Mirian
Published: January 2025

Obesity and being overweight are significant risk factors for diseases and disabilities, making it crucial to address malnutrition in all its forms to ensure health and well-being for all, as well as to achieve sustainable development. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of research on obesity in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using data from the Web of Science database from 2015 to 2024 and the VOSviewer software. The findings revealed that while research on obesity and SDGs has grown slowly, SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) is predominant in the literature. This study highlighted the fragmentation of research due to the complex, multifactorial nature of obesity, emphasizing the need for a more holistic approach. Furthermore, international collaborations were found to be vital for advancing research and formulating effective public policies. This analysis also identified gaps in the research related to several SDGs, including education (SDG 4), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), and partnerships (SDG 17), suggesting the need for a broader, more holistic approach. Additionally, emerging research related to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) underscores the importance of urban environments in tackling obesity. In conclusion, future research should adopt an interdisciplinary approach to address these gaps and contribute to advancing the 2030 Agenda.
Population Behavior Regarding the Use of Face Masks to Prevent the Transmission of Respiratory Infections: Lessons to Be Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thorpe Lucia Ingridy , da Silva Jefferson Renato Silverio , da Silva Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz , Valença Marilia Perrelli , dos Santos Danielle Christine Moura , de Oliveira Regina Celia , de Lima Fábia Maria , Sousa Claudia Santos Martiniano , da Costa Aurelio Molina , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira
Published: January 2025

Historically, the use of a face mask has been associated with personal protection during epidemics. However, the type of mask used and the way it is used can affect the level of protection it provides. To analyze the practices of using face masks in the population in the Northeast of Brazil, a cross-sectional study was carried out, from December 2021 to February 2022, through interviews with 308 people at bus stops (simple random sample). Pearson’s Chi-square test was calculated to verify the association between exposure and outcome variables. The prevalence of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 was 21.4%. The most used type of mask was made of one- and two-layer fabric when compared to N-95 and a three-layer surgical mask and its use were associated with people in the age group of 18–39 years, an income less than four minimum wage and education level equivalent to elementary/secondary school. An association was found between the infrequent use of a mask in a public environment, removing or lowering the mask when coughing and not washing hands before removing the mask and the occurrence of clinical manifestations suggestive of COVID-19. This study showed that socioeconomic factors are associated with the type of face mask used by the population and that the hygiene behavior of face-mask users was also associated with the occurrence of clinical manifestations of COVID-19. This highlights the need for guidelines and educational strategies that address these aspects to better protect the population against possible respiratory epidemics, especially in countries with important risk factors related to the use of face masks, and highlights the need for clear and objective guidelines and educational strategies to better protect the population against possible epidemics.
In Silico and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel 2-Aminobenzothiazole Derivative Compounds as Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Alvarado Salazar Juan Andres , Valdes Miguel , Cruz Alejandro , Moreno de Jesús Brenda , Patiño González David , Olivares Corichi Ivonne María , Tamay Cach Feliciano , Mendieta Wejebe Jessica Elena
Published: January 2025

Currently, there are several drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, all of them have adverse effects. Benzothiazoles have a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antidiabetic. This study aimed to evaluate in silico and in vivo two series of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives linked to isothioureas (3a–w) or guanidines (4a–z) for the treatment of T2D. The ADMET properties were determined in silico, from which it was possible to select nine compounds (two isothioureas and seven guanidines), and, with molecular docking, it was shown that compounds methyl (E)-N′-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-methylcarbamimidothioate (3b) and 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1,3-di-tert-butylguanidine (4y) showed a high affinity for PPARγ (ΔG = −7.8 and −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively). In vivo, the LD50 value was estimated in rats based on OECD Guideline 425, being >1750 mg/kg for both compounds. The pharmacological effect of 3b and 4y was evaluated in the T2D rat model, showing that after oral administration in an equimolar ratio to pioglitazone (15 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, both compounds were able to reduce blood glucose levels (<200 mg/dL) and improve the lipid profile. Therefore, 3b and 4y could be used in the future as antidiabetic agents.
Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV
Authors: Anaya-Ambriz Elsa J. , Alvarez-Zavala Monserrat , González-Hernández Luz A. , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F. , Zuñiga-Quiñones Sergio , Valle-Rodríguez Adriana , Holguin-Aguirre Tania E. , Sánchez-Reyes Karina
Published: January 2025

People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) present an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), making it crucial to optimize glycemic control and assess metabolic markers. HbA1c is considered the gold standard for evaluating glycemic control, while fructosamine (FA) offers advantages in assessing non-glycemic determinants. Discrepancies between HbA1c and FA are common and may be influenced by temporal factors. The Glycation Gap (G-gap) emerges as a tool to clarify these discrepancies. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving PLWHIV with various glycemic statuses, as well as patients with T2D and controls. Sociodemographic data were collected along with blood samples to measure biochemical profiles and FA. HbA1c predicted from FA (pHbA1c) was calculated using a linear regression equation, facilitating G-gap determination. A positive correlation was found between G-gap and levels of VLDL-C and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HDL-C levels < 40 mg/dL and a positive G-gap. These associations suggest that the G-gap may be a useful tool for metabolic evaluation in PLWHIV and a preventive method for identifying individuals at risk of developing chronic complications related to T2D.
Establishment of a Panel of Human Cell Lines to Identify Cellular Receptors Used by Enteroviruses to Infect Cells
Authors: Sosnovtseva Anastasiia O. , Le Thi Hoa , Karpov Dmitry S. , Vorobyev Pavel O. , Gumennaya Yana D. , Alekseeva Olga N. , Chumakov Peter M. , Lipatova Anastasia V.
Published: January 2025

Non-pathogenic natural and recombinant strains of human Enteroviruses are the subject of ongoing study with some strains having been approved for use as anticancer agents. The efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy depends upon identifying the receptor utilized by a specific strain for cell entry, and the presence of this receptor on the surface of cancer cells. Accordingly, a rapid and straightforward approach to determining the enteroviral receptors is necessary for developing an effective patient-specific, virus-based cancer therapy. To this end, we created a panel of seven lines with double knockouts on the background of the HEK293T cell line, which lacks the IFNAR1 gene. In these lines, the main viral receptor genes, including PVR, CXADR, CD55, ITGA2, SCARB2, ICAM1, and FCGRT, were knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The panel of lines was validated on twelve different Enteroviruses types, providing a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms of enterovirus entry into cells, and for developing new therapeutic strains.
Smart Governance System’s Design to Monitor the Commitments of Bio-Business Licensing in Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Mahreza , Suroso Arif Imam , Nurhadryani Yani , Seminar Kudang Boro
Published: January 2025

Some business license commitments in online single submission (OSS) application currently only consist of an independent statement from the business actor, and there is no time limit for fulfilling the license, especially for low-risk bio-business licenses. Therefore, a system design is needed to monitor the fulfillment of business license commitments and to provide confidence to the public regarding the business provided. The system design started with discussing the importance of smart governance systems, defining the requirements for monitoring the commitment of bio-business licenses, selecting documents, determining important words and document types, and proposing a design. This research produces a prototype of a business license monitoring system. This smart governance system checks the validity of business license documents. This study provides new insights into how smart governance system can be implemented in bio-business licensing. This study also considers the thousands of government applications that currently exist and the desire to provide one solution that contains many functions that can fulfill the many needs of business actors for simple and transparent business licenses.
New Combination Regimens vs. Fludarabine, Cytarabine, and Idarubicin in the Treatment of Intermediate- or Low-Risk Nucleophosmin-1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis from 7 Italian Centers
Authors: Battaglia Giulia , Lazzarotto Davide , Tanasi Ilaria , Gurrieri Carmela , Forlani Laura , Mauro Endri , Capraro Francesca , Ciotti Giulia , De Bellis Eleonora , Callegari Chiara , Tosoni Luca , Fanin Matteo , Morelli Gian Luca , Simio Claudia , Skert Cristina , Gottardi Michele , Zaja Francesco , Toffoletti Eleonora , Damiani Daniela , Fanin Renato , Tiribelli Mario
Published: January 2025

Background: Nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) mutation accounts for 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and defines either low- or intermediate-risk AML, depending on FLT3-ITD mutation. New combination regimens (NCRs), adding midostaurin and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to the 3 + 7 scheme, are commonly used, though there are no data that compare NCRs with intensive induction chemotherapy. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NCRs and FLAI in NPM1+ AML, we retrospectively analyzed 125 patients treated with FLAI (n = 53) or NCRs (n = 72) at seven Italian Centers. Results: The median age was 61 years and 51/125 (41%) were FLT3-ITD+. The complete remission (CR) rate was 77%, slightly better with NCRs (83% vs. 68%; p = 0.054). NCRs yielded a superior median overall survival (OS) (not reached (NR) vs. 27.3 months; p = 0.002), though the median event-free survival (EFS) was similar (NR vs. 20.5 months; p = 0.07). In low-risk AML, CR was higher in NCRs (94% vs. 72%, p = 0.02), as were median OS (NR vs. 41.6 months; p = 0.0002) and EFS (NR vs. 17.8 months; p = 0.0085). In intermediate-risk AML (FLT3-ITD+), there were no differences in CR (60% vs. 71%; p = 0.5), OS (p = 0.27), or EFS (p = 0.86); only allogeneic transplantation improved OS (NR vs. 13.4 months; p = 0.005), regardless of induction regimen. The safety profile was similar, except for delayed platelet recovery with FLAI (22 vs. 18 days; p = 0.0024) and higher-grade II–IV gastrointestinal toxicity with NCRs (43% vs. 18.8%; p = 0.0066). Conclusions: Our data suggest the superiority of NCRs over FLAI in low-risk patients, while all outcomes were comparable in intermediate-risk patients, a setting in which only transplants positively impacted on survival.
Counter-Rotate Technique Is Substantial for Correcting Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Curvature in AIS Patients with Thoracic Scoliosis
Authors: Seki Shoji , Newton Peter O. , Makino Hiroto , Futakawa Hayato , Kamei Katsuhiko , Yashima Yushi , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives. Correction of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with Lenke 1-2 B and C is still controversial, with regard to extension of the caudal side to the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) and method of correction. We assessed the association between change in thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature after surgery with counterrotate technique (CRT) and clinical factors in 45 thoracic AIS patients. Methods. Forty-five AIS patients (mean follow-up 5.1 y, age 15 y, Type B: 28, Type C: 17) were analyzed. Posterior spinal fusion was performed by the placing of segmental uni-planar screws, concave rod rotation, differential rod countering, and segmental CRT. Association between change in thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature after surgery with counter-rotate technique and clinical factors was analyzed in 45 thoracic AIS patients. Results. Mean main thoracic Cobb angle was 52°, and mean thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature Cobb angle was 35°. Postoperative thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb was 10.1, and final follow-up was 8.2. Multi logistic regression analysis of change in thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb after surgery was performed. Age (p < 0.05), Risser sign (p < 0.05), and postoperative thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with a change in Cobb angle. Conclusions. Correction of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature using CRT showed significant improvement of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature, LIV tilting angle, and vertebral rotation. Postoperative thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle (1st erect) was the most significant factor associated with deterioration of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature after surgery. Subsequent rotational correction of thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature is likely to prevent the deterioration of thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb after surgery.
Could Sarcopenia Be Related to Chemotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Study Including Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Authors: Sılay Kamile , Uçar Gökhan , Eren Tülay , Selvi Öztorun Hande , Yazıcı Ozan , Özdemir Nuriye
Published: January 2025

Background: Sarcopenia, which is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functionality, adversely affects cancer outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the development and progression of sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and its impact on comprehensive geriatric assessment outcomes in older participants. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 351 gastrointestinal cancer patients from October 2018 to December 2019. Pre- and post-chemotherapy measurements were taken for 243 participants. Sarcopenia was assessed using EWGSOP-2 criteria, including muscle mass, strength, and performance evaluations. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was conducted for patients aged 65 years and older. Results: The median age of participants was 57.84 years, with 31.7% being female and 29.2% being aged 65 years or older. A significant increase in the prevalence of sarcopenia post-chemotherapy was observed. The factors significantly associated with sarcopenia included low hand grip strength (−0.264; p < 0.001) and slow gait speed (0.222; p = 0.007). The muscle mass and albumin levels of older patients declined significantly post-treatment. Conclusions: This study highlights a strong association between chemotherapy and sarcopenia in gastrointestinal cancer patients, emphasizing the need for early detection and tailored interventions. Comprehensive geriatric assessments can provide critical insights that improve patient outcomes during chemotherapy.
Comparative Biomechanical Evaluation of Novel Screwless Retained Dental Implant Prosthesis: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lee Ki-Sun , Kim Jaeyeol , Lim JaeHyung , Ryu Jae-Jun
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biomechanical behaviors of three types of dental implant restorations: a screw-and-cement-retained prosthetic system (SCRP); a cementless screw-retained prosthetic system (SRP); and a novel screwless hook-retained prosthetic system (HRP). Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate biomechanical behavior. A comparative study of three dental implant prostheses was performed under two loading conditions: a vertical load of 100 N and an oblique load of 100 N at an angle of 30°. Under both loading conditions, the maximum von Mises stress values in the dental implant using the HRP system were lower (21.33 MPa) than those of the SCRP system (32.91 MPa), and the stress distribution of the implant prosthetic components tended to be more favorable than that of the SCRP system. Thus, the results show that the performance of the HRP system was comparable to that of a conventional SRP system under the same conditions. Regarding stress distribution, the novel screwless HRP system presents a viable alternative implant prosthodontic system to the conventional SCRP system.
Special Issue “Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders—5th Edition”
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The fifth edition of the Special Issue entitled “Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders” has been concluded and has found considerable success with fourteen papers published [...]
Advancements in Multiple Myeloma Therapies: A Comprehensive Review by Disease Stage
Authors: El Khatib Hager Hisham , Abdulla Kanz , Nassar Layla Khaled , Ellabban Mariam Gouda , Kakarougkas Andreas
Published: January 2025

Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematologic malignancy arising from plasma cells. The uncontrolled growth of monoclonal plasma cells leads to an abnormal overproduction of immunoglobulins. The recommended course of treatment for MM is according to disease progression and responses to therapeutic intervention, highlighting the necessity for multiple treatment options that alleviate different parts of MM. This comprehensive review provides insights into the current treatments and how to take preventative and prognostic measures. In advanced MM, osteoporosis is a common symptom that originates from a lack of regulation in osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid and pamidronate along with monoclonal antibodies such as denosumab hinder osteoclast function and aid in reducing the risk of fractures in patients with advanced MM. For targeted therapy approaches, proteasome inhibitors impede protein degradation pathways that cause an accumulation of misfolded proteins promoting cancer cell proliferation in patients with MM. CAR-T is another targeted therapy that can utilize T cells to target and isolate MM cells. Overall, this review highlights the frontrunners of treatments for those diagnosed with MM.
A New Synthetic Route for Preparation of 5-Methyl-5-Benzylhydantoin: X-Ray Analysis and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Cherneva Emiliya , Buyukliev Rossen , Shivachev Boris , Rusew Rusi , Bakalova Adriana
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to use a different synthetic route for the preparation of 5-methyl-5-benzyl hydantoin by modifying the Bucherer–Berg reaction. This different route for the synthesis led to improvement in reaction time, purity of the compound, and practical yield. The synthesized compound was characterized spectroscopically by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The X-ray diffraction method was used to determine the chemical structure. The experimental data from X-ray analysis were compared with theoretically calculated data by DFT analysis.
Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Expansion and Electrode Properties of Perovskite-Type SrFe0.9V0.1O3−δ
Authors: Ivanov Aleksei I. , Nikitin Sergey S. , Dyakina Mariya S. , Tsipis Ekaterina V. , Patrakeev Mikhail V. , Agarkov Dmitrii A. , Zverkova Irina I. , Zhigachev Andrey O. , Kedrov Victor V. , Kharton Vladislav V.
Published: January 2025

X-ray diffraction analysis of the pseudo-binary SrFe1−xVxO3−δ system showed that the solid solution formation limit at atmospheric oxygen pressure corresponds to x ≈ 0.1. SrFe0.9V0.1O3−δ has a cubic perovskite-type structure with the Pm3¯m space group. The oxygen nonstoichiometry variations in SrFe0.9V0.1O3−δ, measured by coulometric titration in the oxygen partial pressure range of 10−21 to 0.5 atm at 1023–1223 K, can be adequately described using an ideal solution approximation with V5+ as the main oxidation state of vanadium cations. This approach was additionally validated by statistical thermodynamic modeling. The incorporation of vanadium decreases both oxygen deficiency and the average iron oxidation state with respect to undoped SrFeO3−δ. As a result, the electrical conductivity, thermal expansion and chemical expansivity associated with the oxygen vacancy formation all become lower compared to strontium ferrite. At 923 K, the conductivity of SrFe0.9V0.1O3−δ is 14% lower than that of SrFeO3−δ but 21% higher compared to SrFe0.9Ta0.1O3−δ. The area-specific polarization resistance of the porous SrFe0.9V0.1O3−δ electrode deposited onto 10 mol.% scandia- and 1 mol.% yttria-co-stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte with a protective Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ interlayer, was 0.34 Ohm×cm2 under open-circuit conditions at 1173 K in air.
Effect of Electrodeposition Conditions on Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO
Authors: Pruna Alina , Poliac Iulian , Busquets-Mataix David , Ruotolo Antonio
Published: January 2025

The electrodeposition of ZnO films was studied using potentiostatic mode in varying conditions including the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as a buffer layer and an additional deposition step. The obtained films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of electrodeposition conditions on the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanostructured films was analyzed by using methylene blue (MB) as a model dye molecule and exposure to UV light. The results indicated a marked effect of GO content in the buffer layer and the duration of nucleation on the properties of electrodeposited ZnO films. Lower GO content and an additional deposition step of 60 s resulted in the best adsorption and photocatalytic activity, these being 7 and 5-folds, respectively, in comparison to ZnO in absence of these adjustments. The MB photodegradation was found to follow first-order kinetics, the rate constant reaching a value of 2.38 × 10−3 min−1.
Optimization of 3D Printing Nozzle Parameters and the Optimal Combination of 3D Printer Process Parameters for Engineering Plastics with High Melting Points and Large Thermal Expansion Coefficients
Authors: Wang Jun , Hu Hang , Liu Ziyi , Shi Yuanyuan , Huang Yizhe
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional printing is a transformative technology in the manufacturing industry which provides customization and cost-effectiveness for all walks of life due to its fast molding speed, high material utilization, and direct molding of arbitrary complex structural parts. This study aims to improve the molding accuracy of 3D printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) samples by systematically studying key process parameters, including printing speed, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and filling rate. The 3D printing nozzle has an important impact on the extrusion rate of the melt, and the fluid simulation of the nozzle was carried out to explore the variation characteristics of the melt flow rate in the nozzle and optimize the nozzle structure parameters. In order to effectively optimize the process, considering its inherent efficiency, robustness, and cost-effectiveness, the L9 orthogonal array experimental design scheme was used to analyze the effects of printing speed, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and filling rate on the molding accuracy of the test sample, and the optimal combination of process parameters was optimized through the comprehensive weighted scoring method so as to improve the molding accuracy of the 3D printed PEEK sample; finally, the molding accuracy of the components printed using the Sermoon-M1 3D printer with the optimized nozzle structure was printed. The results show that the nozzle structure is optimal when the convergence angle is 120° and the aspect ratio is 2, and the outlet cross-section velocity is increased by 2.5% and 2.7%, respectively. The order of influence strength on the dimensional accuracy of the test sample is layer thickness > filling rate > nozzle temperature > printing speed. The optimal combination of parameters is: a printing speed of 15 mm/s, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a nozzle temperature of 420 °C, and a filling rate of 50%. The insights derived from this study pave the way for predicting and implementing the selection of optimal process parameters in the production of 3D printed products, with important implications for the optimal molding accuracy of printed components.
An Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm for the Integrated Scheduling of Automated Guided Vehicles and Yard Cranes
Authors: Gong Shuaishuai , Lou Ping , Hu Jianmin , Zeng Yuhang , Fan Chuannian
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of global trade, the cargo throughput of automated container terminals (ACTs) has increased significantly. To meet the demands of large-scale, high-intensity, and high-efficiency ACT operations, the seamless integration of various terminal facilities has become crucial, particularly the collaboration between yard cranes (YCs) and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Therefore, an integrated scheduling problem for YCs and AGVs (YAAISP) is proposed and formulated in this paper, considering stacking containers and bidirectional transport of AGVs. As the YAAISP is an NP-hard problem, an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is proposed in which a reverse learning strategy is used for the population to enhance population diversity; a random difference variation strategy is employed to improve individual exploration capabilities; and a nonlinear convergence factor alongside an adaptive weighting mechanism to dynamically balance global exploration and local exploitation. For container tasks of size 100, the objective function value (OFV) of the IWOA was reduced by 9.25% compared to the standard Whale Optimization Algorithm. Comparisons with other algorithms, such as the Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimizer, showed an OFV reduction of 9.61% to 11.75%. This validates the superiority of the proposed method.
N-Atom Doping of ω–Fe, α–Fe, and γ–Fe Compounds: A First-Principle Study
Authors: Tang Jing , Xiang Hongping , Xu Lin , Qu Shoujiang , Feng Aihan , Li Na , Ping Dehai
Published: January 2025

Recently, a new phase, ω–Fe, has been observed in martensitic substructures, providing a new path for studying the position and evolution of nitrogen in high-nitrogen steels. In this paper, the density functional method was used to investigate the thermodynamic and dynamic stability of N atoms in the phases of ω–Fe, α–Fe, and γ–Fe in martensite, as well as the influence of magnetic order on them. The calculated results show that in the pure Fe phases, ferromagnetic α–Fe is a stable phase both in thermodynamics and dynamics. ω–Fe and γ–Fe are most stable in ferrimagnetism and show dynamic stability, while in ferromagnetic state they are unstable in both thermodynamics and dynamics. N-atom doping of 25% (Fe3N) makes γ–Fe and ω–Fe thermodynamically and dynamically stable in ferromagnetic state. However, a higher N content is not conducive to the stability of ω–Fe and γ–Fe. The electronic structure shows that as the content of N atoms becomes higher than 25%, the 2p orbitals of N atoms move towards the Fermi level and become more dispersed, resulting in a large contribution of the density of states at the Fermi level. In addition, N atoms are not conducive to the stability of α–Fe, as they relax to the structure of γ–Fe at 25% N content (Fe3N), while α–Fe in higher N contents (Fe3N2 and FeN) relaxes to the structure of ω–Fe correspondingly. Obviously, N tends to stabilize in the ω and γ phases in martensite, and our study provides a new clue for the formation mechanism of nitrides and martensitic transformation in Fe–N alloys.
Casting Simulation-Based Design for Manufacturing Backward-Curved Fan with High Shape Difficulty
Authors: Jin Chul Kyu
Published: January 2025

A large-sized backward-curved fan with high shape difficulty was designed, and fan performance was roughly predicted from computational fluid dynamics. Three gating systems of aluminum sand casting were designed to fabricate the fan. The flow pattern and solidification process of molten metal were analyzed by casting simulation. Three types were applied: bottom-up with four gates, bottom-up with ten gates, and top-down with a feeder. The simulation results of the bottom-up with four gates show that a large temperature loss occurs while molten metal flows into thin blades, and there is a temperature range below the liquidus temperature. Due to nonuniform temperature distribution, the solidification pattern is also not uniform. The bottom-up with ten gates shows almost similar flow and solidification patterns but has the effect of slightly reducing the temperature loss of molten metal. The top-down type has a much smaller temperature loss, while molten metal flows into the mold cavity compared to the bottom-up type and has a directional solidification pattern. As the feeder also acts as a riser to compensate for the shrinkage of the thick part, the simulation results regarding porosities are also significantly reduced. The fan cast as a top-down type has soundness without any unfilled parts.
Effect of Volumetric Energy Density on the Evolution of the Microstructure and the Degradation Behavior of 3D-Printed Fe-Mn-C Alloys from Water-Atomized Powders
Authors: Cao Quang Nguyen , Cherqaoui Abdelhakim , Henrique Michelin Beraldo Carlos , Paternoster Carlo , Gélinas Simon , Blais Carl , Mengucci Paolo , Mantovani Diego
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing of metals opens new doors for innovation in custom-based productions in a wide range of fields, including medicine, even if it introduces new challenges that need to be addressed to guarantee the properties are equal to or superior to those of conventional fabrication processes. In this research, porous, biodegradable Fe-Mn-C alloys were fabricated using a 3D printing technique with four different printing energy densities ranging from 62.5 to 125.0 J/mm3. The effect of printing energy density on the microstructure and degradation behavior was investigated. Lower energy densities resulted in higher pore density and the presence of unmelted powder particles, while the alloy printed at 104.2 J/mm3 exhibited the lowest pore density and the smallest grain size. Degradation tests revealed that the highest pore density in the sample printed at 62.5 J/mm3, and the lowest grain size in the sample printed at 104.2 J/mm3 contributed to faster degradation rates. The alloy printed at the highest energy density, 125.0 J/mm3, demonstrated the largest grain size and the slowest degradation rate. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses identified manganese carbonate as the primary degradation product, with calcium phosphate forming as a secondary product. These findings provide a significant understanding of the relationship between printing parameters, microstructure, and degradation behavior, which are essential for optimizing the performance of Fe-Mn-C alloys in biodegradable material applications.
A Revisiting to Re-Effects on Dislocation Slip Mediated Creeps of the γ′-Ni3Al Phase at High Temperature via a Hybrid Model
Authors: Kong Zhuangzhuang , Luo Jianing , Xu Yunlei , Peng Ping
Published: January 2025

The anomalous flow behavior of the γ′-Ni3Al phase at high temperature is closely related to a cross-slip of 1/2110111 super-partial dislocations. The acceleration of cross-slips induced by the addition of rhenium (Re) is known as Re-effects. In this work, by means of a series of lattice transitions, a hybrid model including a preexisting anti-phase boundary APB111 was constructed to assess the difficulty of cross-slips of 1/2110111 super-partial dislocations from 111 planes to 001 planes in the γ′-Ni3Al phases, and the impact of the addition of Re on these dislocation mediated creep resistances was reinvestigated by first-principles calculations. The results showed that the addition of Re at preferential Al sublattice sites was indeed beneficial for the cross-slip of the first leading 1/2110111 super-partial dislocations, and the existence of APB111 could promote cross-slip of second leading 1/2110111 super-partial dislocations. A detailed calculation of stacking fault energies demonstrated that an obvious Suzuki segregation of Re existed at APB111 and APB001, and Re preferentially occupied Ni sublattice sites. It is found Re-segregations at APB111 were disadvantageous for the cross-slip of new 1/2110111 super-partial dislocations, but the formation of more Kear-Wilsdorf dislocation locks could benefit from Re-segregations at APB001.
An Optimization Design of Energy Consumption for Aluminum Smelting Based on a Multi-Objective Artificial Vulture Algorithm
Authors: Dai Jiayang , Liu Hangbin , Zhang Yichu , Shi Haofan , Ling Peirun
Published: January 2025

In the process of regenerative aluminum smelting, the temperature of the furnace needs to be maintained between 700 and 850 by adjusting the setting parameters of the smelting furnace. The setting parameters are usually adjusted by manual work, and inaccuracies in manual operation can lead to wasted energy as well as unstable temperatures. Energy consumption and temperature stability are two conflicting objectives, which are difficult to find optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process. In this paper, an improved multi-objective artificial vulture algorithm (IMOAVOA) is developed to solve a multi-objective problem of energy consumption and temperature deviations in the regenerative aluminum smelting process. The dynamic switching–elimination mechanism based on crowding distance is proposed to maintain the archive, which enhances the diversity of solutions by dynamically switching the operation space for deleting redundant solutions in the archive and dynamically deleting the solution with the smallest crowding distance in the operation space. The multi-directional leader selection mechanism is developed to select better leaders. To improve the convergence of the algorithm, the bounce strategy is introduced in the IMOAVOA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by UF1-UF10, kursawe, Viennet2, Viennet3, ZDT1-ZDT6, DTLZ4, and DTLZ6 test functions with several multi-objective algorithms. The experimental results indicate that IMOAVOA outperforms the original algorithm and three other multi-objective algorithms in terms of the algorithm convergence, the Pareto front coverage, and the solution diversity. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested in an application case of regenerative aluminum smelting process. The results show that the optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process using the proposed algorithm can reduce the consumption while meeting the objective of furnace temperature.
LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Stimulant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater During Football Games
Authors: Stamper Brandon J. , Chaturvedi Krishna , Avula Bharathi , Bae Ji-Yeong , Wang Yan-Hong , Bledsoe Kyle S. , Khan Ikhlas A. , Godfrey Murrell
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of illicit drugs and stimulants is a burgeoning socioeconomic problem, ultimately leading to an increase in street crimes and deteriorating human health. The persistent presence of CNS drugs in wastewater can also lead to downstream adverse effects on aquatic wildlife and humans. Objectives: In the present study, a method was developed for the solid-phase extraction and quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis of CNS stimulant drugs and their metabolites in municipal wastewater. The targeted species included amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), cocaine, and benzoylecgonine (BE). Methods: The method was validated and applied to analyzing wastewater samples collected at the University of Mississippi and the City of Oxford wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during weekends when the university hosted home college football games. Results: Our results indicate that while amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and BE were all detected at quantifiable levels, amphetamine and BE were present in significantly higher concentrations in wastewater during football games. Conclusion: The insights from this study can be utilized to monitor long-term drug use trends, providing local law enforcement agencies with relevant data on consumption patterns over time.
Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts for the Electrochemical Detection of Propofol
Authors: Ferrier David C. , Kiely Janice , Luxton Richard
Published: January 2025

Propofol is one of the most widely used intravenous drugs for anaesthesia and sedation and is one of the most commonly used drugs in intensive care units for the sedation of mechanically ventilated patients. The correct dosage of propofol is of high importance, but there is currently a lack of suitable point-of-care techniques for determining blood propofol concentrations. Here, we present a cytochrome P450 2B6/carbon nanotube/graphene oxide/metal oxide nanocomposite sensor for discrete measurement of propofol concentration. Propofol is converted into a quinol/quinone redox couple by the enzyme and the nanocomposite enables sensitive and rapid detection. The metal oxide nanoparticles are synthesised via green synthesis and a variety of metal oxides and mixed metal oxides are investigated to determine the optimal nanocatalyst. Converting propofol into the redox couple allows for the measurement to take place over different potential ranges, enabling interference from common sources such as paracetamol and uric acid to be avoided. It was found that nanocomposites containing copper titanium oxide nanoparticles offered the best overall performance and electrodes functionalised with such nanocomposites demonstrated a limit of detection in bovine serum of 0.5 µg/mL and demonstrated a linear response over the therapeutic range of propofol with a sensitivity of 4.58 nA/μg/mL/mm2.
The Effect of BEOL Design Factors on the Thermal Reliability of Flip-Chip Chip-Scale Packaging
Authors: Li Dejian , Li Bofu , Han Shunfeng , Li Dameng , Yang Baobin , Gong Baoliang , Zhang Zhangzhang , Yu Chang , Chen Pei
Published: January 2025

With the development of high-density integrated chips, low-k dielectric materials are used in the back end of line (BEOL) to reduce signal delay. However, due to the application of fine-pitch packages with high-hardness copper pillars, BEOL is susceptible to chip package interaction (CPI), which leads to reliability issues such as the delamination of interlayer dielectric (ILD) layers. In order to improve package reliability, the effect of CPI at multi-scale needs to be explored in terms of package integration. In this paper, the stress of BEOL in the flip-chip chip-scale packaging (FCCSP) model during thermal cycling is investigated by using the finite-element-based sub-model approach. A three-dimensional (3D) multi-level finite element model is established based on the FCCSP. The wiring layers were treated by the equivalent homogenization method to ensure high prediction accuracy. The stress distribution of the BEOL around the critical bump was analyzed. The cracking risk of the interface layer of the BEOL was assessed by pre-cracking at a dangerous location. In addition, the effects of the epoxy molding compound (EMC) thickness, polyimide (PI) opening, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the underfill on cracking were investigated. The simulation results show that the first principal stress of BEOL is higher at high-temperature moments than at low-temperature moments, and mainly concentrated near the PI opening. Compared with the oxide layer, the low-k layer has a higher risk of cracking. A smaller EMC thickness, lower CTE of the underfill, and larger PI opening help to reduce the risk of cracking in the BEOL.
Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy: An Evaluation of Three Different Gene Targets
Authors: Mannarà Giulio , Martinelli Marianna , Giubbi Chiara , Rizza Michelle , Giordano Eleonora , Perdoni Federica , Bruno Erika , Morella Annalisa , Azzellino Arianna , Turolla Andrea , Pedrini Ramon , Malpei Francesca , La Rosa Giuseppina , Suffredini Elisabetta , Cereda Danilo , Ammoni Emanuela , Villa Simone , Pregnolato Francesca , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Franzetti Andrea , Musumeci Rosario , Cocuzza Clementina E.
Published: January 2025

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a complementary tool for the monitoring of COVID-19 pandemic waves and for the circulation of viral variants. The selection, standardization, and dynamics of different SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets in wastewater requires further investigation. In the present study, 106 wastewater samples were collected over a 24-month period from the wastewater treatment plant of Sondrio, north Italy, and were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the quantification of ORF1b, N1, and N3 gene targets via one-step real-time qPCR. In general, the three RNA targets demonstrated different performances and dynamics over the studied time period, underlying the usefulness of multiple viral targets in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. During the first 12 months, the quantification of the selected SARS-CoV-2 viral targets also correlated with the reported clinical cases in the same geographical area; however, from the overall data analysis this did not appear to significantly anticipate the epidemic waves. In conclusion, this study further supports the use of wastewater surveillance as a real time indicator of the human circulation of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the use of multiple viral gene targets has been shown to improve the reliability of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in wastewater over time.