bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensische diergeneeskunde: het haar-ID-project, een opdracht voor SherLOCK
Authors: Galjé S. , Decostere A. , Chiers K. , Van Brantegem L.
Published: October 2024

Tot op heden is er geen éénduidige methode die als gouden standaard wordt gebruikt bij het lichtmicroscopisch identificeren van haren van verschillende diersoorten. Deze studie had als doel twee haarpreparatieprotocollen voor lichtmicroscopische haaridentificatie op punt te stellen. Op basis daarvan werd gestart met het opstellen van een haaratlas die in de toekomst gebruikt kan worden als naslagwerk wanneer er nood is aan diersoortidentificatie op basis van haarmorfologie. Er werden 152 haren van dertien verschillende diersoorten onderworpen aan twaalf verschillende preparatiemethoden, die nadien beoordeeld werden met behulp van vooraf gedefinieerde criteria. Op basis van de testresultaten werden twee uitgewerkte protocollen opgesteld: één voor de methode met Aquatex en één voor de methode met transparante nagellak. Met behulp van deze methoden konden haren van konijnen, reeën en schapen relatief eenvoudig microscopisch gedifferentieerd worden van de andere bestudeerde diersoorten. Om zeker te zijn dat deze kenmerken ook diersoortspecifiek zijn, moet er echter bijkomend onderzoek worden uitgevoerd.
External abdominal pressure radiography versus survey radiography for the diagnosis of hiatal hernia in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Mercken G. , Van Goethem B. , Saunders J. , Stock E.
Published: October 2024

Hiatal hernia (HH) is a common disorder in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstruction. The breathing effort results in an exaggerated transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient during inspiration that can displace the gastroesophageal junction causing gastroesophageal reflux. The diagnosis is challenging because the HH usually occurs intermittently and is often missed on survey radiography. In this retrospective study, the application of external abdominal pressure to mimic the transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient during radiographic screening for HH was evaluated in 146 dogs. Hiatal hernia was diagnosed with external abdominal pressure radiographs in 6.8% (10/146 dogs), whereas it was diagnosed via survey radiography in only 2% (3 dogs). In conclusion, the radiographic diagnosis of HH in brachycephalic dogs can be improved by performing external abdominal pressure radiographs.
Urolithiase bij reptielen
Authors: Hellebuyck T.
Published: October 2024

Urolithiase, vooral cysto- en cloacolithiase, komt vaak voor bij in gevangenschap gehouden reptielen. De aandoening betreft de vorming en aanwezigheid van macroscopische precipitaties of stenen (calculi) in het urinewegstelsel en wordt voornamelijk bij hagedissen en schildpadden gezien, waarbij er uitgesproken soortpredisposities lijken te bestaan. De vorming van een uroliet kan in de meeste gevallen met inadequate voeding en huisvesting in verband gebracht worden. Alhoewel het vaststellen van een cysto- of cloacoliet bij reptielen een toevalsbevinding kan zijn, treden symptomen meestal op eens de calculus een aanzienlijke afmeting heeft bereikt; deze zijn dan meestal aspecifiek en chronisch, tenzij de calculus obstructie veroorzaakt. In geval van ureterolithiase treden er meestal acute symptomen op die gelijkaardig zijn aan degene die bij conventionele huisdieren gezien worden. Bij de diagnostische benadering van urolithiase bij reptielen zijn het signalement, het afnemen van een gedetailleerde anamnese en een grondige evaluatie van het management essentieel. Bevestiging van de diagnose berust in hoofdzaak op een adequaat klinisch en radiografisch onderzoek. Naargelang de betrokken soort, locatie en afmeting van de calculus kan er gekozen worden voor coeliotomie of voor een endoscopie-geassisteerde benadering. In tegenstelling tot ureterolithiase is de prognose van cysto- en cloacolithiase bij reptielen meestal erg gunstig tenzij er een ernstige primaire oorzaak zoals spinale osteomyelitis wordt vastgesteld of tenzij er reeds ernstige secundaire complicaties aanwezig zijn op het ogenblik van de initiële diagnose.
The Thesis Writing Journeys of Bachelor’s and Master’s Student
Authors: Petrić Bojana , Castelló Montserrat
Published: October 2024

This book explores the student experience of thesis writing through an interdisciplinary perspective drawing on theories of learning, emotions, and genre and narrative/discursive analysis. As a result of this approach, the thesis is reconceptualised as a multilayered experience from the point of view of student writers.
TWO WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION INVENTORY MODEL FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS WITH STOCK-DEPENDENT DEMAND UNDER PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY USING MODIFIED GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors:   Ramananda Centenary College, India, Das Debasis
Published: October 2024

This paper considers two warehouses production inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand and completely backlogged shortages under preservation technology. For display and storage of inventory, one warehouse of finite capacity is located at the main market, called primary warehouse (PW) and another warehouse with large capacity at a small distance from the main market, called secondary warehouse (SW). Here we consider items are transported from SW to PW in continuous release pattern and the transportation cost is negligible. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimal cycle length for maximum average profit through a modified genetic algorithm (MGA). Finally the model is illustrated using a numerical example. A sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the system is carried out.
HYBRID DEEP LEARNING WITH ALEXNET FEATURE EXTRACTION AND UNET CLASSIFICATION FOR EARLY DETECTION IN LEAF DISEASES
Authors:   UPL University of Sustainable Technology, India, Chakraborty Uddyalok , D Thilagavathy ,   Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, India, Sharma Suresh Kumar ,   Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, India, Singh Awadh Kishor ,   UPL University of Sustainable Technology, India
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the imperative need for early detection of leaf diseases in tobacco, pepper, and tomato plants, as these diseases significantly impact crop yield and quality. Existing methods often fall short in accurately identifying diseases across diverse plant species. The research aims to bridge this gap by proposing a hybrid deep learning approach, combining the robust feature extraction capabilities of AlexNet with the precise segmentation and classification prowess of UNet. The proposed hybrid model leverages AlexNet proficiency in extracting hierarchical features from plant leaf images and subsequently utilizes UNet for accurate disease classification. This synergistic combination enables the model to overcome the challenges posed by the varied morphologies of tobacco, pepper, and tomato leaves. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, showcasing superior performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared to existing techniques. The hybrid deep learning approach exhibits promising potential for early and accurate detection of leaf diseases, contributing to sustainable crop management practices.
OPTIMIZING CROP MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DATA MINING USING 3D CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India, R Thirumurugan , Ahmed Taufeeq ,   University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Moharana Rajeeb Lochan ,   Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, India, Das Abhijeet ,   C.V. Raman Global University, India
Published: October 2024

In precision agriculture, optimizing crop management is essential for sustainable and efficient food production. This research leverages artificial intelligence (AI) data mining techniques, specifically employing a 3D CNN, to enhance precision in wheat crop production. The background underscores the need for advanced technologies in agriculture to address the challenges of increasing global demand and environmental sustainability. The method involves the utilization of 3D CNN for simultaneous feature extraction and prediction, providing a holistic approach to crop monitoring. The contribution of this research lies in the integration of AI-driven data mining to streamline crop management processes, resulting in improved resource utilization and increased yield. The application of 3D CNN demonstrated superior performance in accurately predicting wheat crop production. The model effectively extracted intricate spatial and temporal features, contributing to enhanced decision-making capabilities for farmers. The findings highlight the potential of AI-driven precision agriculture in revolutionizing crop management, offering a scalable solution for sustainable food production.
PRICE PREDICTION SYSTEM – A PREDICTIVE DATA ANALYTICS USING ARIMA MODEL
Authors:   Srinivas University, India, K Vikranth , P.S. Nethravathi ,   Srinivas University, India, K Krishna Prasad ,   Srinivas University, India
Published: October 2024

In India, agriculture represents the primary occupation of more than 60% of the population. In terms of GDP, economic growth, traditional aspects, and social aspects, agriculture is essential for the country's development. The Indian farmers experienced numerous issues that have an impact on their way of life because the expansion in the agronomy business has not been as expected during the past two decades. Price fluctuation is one of the major issues faced by farmers, and as a result, they cannot get a reasonable price for their commodity. Also, it is very problematic to decide today without knowing the future price. So, this paper focused on finding a solution to the uncertainty problem in price faced by farmers that helps them take appropriate decisions during the farming process. The paper mainly concerns predictive data analytics using the ARIMA model, which predicts the price of areca nut products for the next 4 years using the past ten-year price dataset. The ARIMA model is a time series approach and a very appropriate framework for predicting future prices compared to other models. This paper includes a step-by-step procedure for the ARIMA techniques for forecasting price of agriculture commodity, and the outcomes are represented in the form of tables and graphical representations.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Bullying in Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Mardhiyah Ai , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Maulana Indra
Published: October 2024

Bullying is a serious problem among adolescents with broad negative impacts on psychological and social well-being. Factors that influence bullying are individual and environmental. Emotional intelligence has been identified as an essential factor influencing bullying behavior, but its relationship is not fully understood. This research aims to conduct a scoping review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and adolescent bullying behavior. A scoping review approach was used in this research. Search for articles using three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL) and the search engine, namely Google Scholar. Keywords used included "emotional intelligence", "bullying", and "adolescents". Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study showed that 7 articles met the inclusion criteria that discussed the relationship between emotional intelligence and bullying in adolescents. The 7 articles show a negative relationship between emotional intelligence and bullying behavior, where individuals with low emotional intelligence tend to be more involved in bullying behavior. Variables influencing this relationship include emotional awareness, management, and understanding other people's emotions. The involvement of emotional intelligence plays a vital role in understanding and overcoming the phenomenon of bullying in adolescents.
Development of an Educational Website for Patients With Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases Considering Immune Checkpoint Blockers: Usability and Acceptability Study
Authors: Lopez-Olivo Maria A , Suarez-Almazor Maria E , Duhon Gabrielle F , Cherry McKenna , Lu Huifang , Calabrese Cassandra , Altan Mehmet , Tawbi Hussain , Meara Alexa , Bingham Clifton O , Diab Adi , Leal Viola B , Volk Robert J
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with cancer and an underlying autoimmune disease who are considering immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) need to know about the benefits and risks of severe immune-related adverse events and flares of the autoimmune condition.

Objective

This study aims to develop and alpha test an educational website for patients with cancer.

Methods

Learning topics, images, and website architecture (including flow and requirements) were developed and iteratively reviewed by members of a community scientist program, a patient advisory group, and content experts. Alpha testing was performed, measuring the site’s usability using the Suitability Assessment of Materials and its acceptability using the Ottawa Acceptability Measure.

Results

The website included a home page; general information about ICBs; comprehensive modules on the benefits and risks of ICBs for patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune diseases; general wellness information; and features such as a quiz, additional resources, and a glossary. For the alpha testing, 9 users assessed the newly developed website. Patient reviewers (n=5) had rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, Sjogren syndrome, or vasculitis. Health care provider reviewers (n=4) were medical oncologists or rheumatologists. The median Suitability Assessment of Materials rating was 75 (IQR 70-79; range 0-100) for patients versus 66 (IQR 57-72; range 0-100) for providers (scores ≥70 indicate no substantial changes needed). Recommendations for improvement, mostly involving navigation and accessibility, were addressed. All participants expressed that the website was acceptable and balanced in terms of discussion of benefits and harms. Because half (2/4, 50%) of the providers suggested we increase the amount of information, we extended the content on the impact of having an autoimmune disease when considering ICB treatment, the probability of flares, and the management of flares in this context.

Conclusions

The feedback led to minor revisions to enhance readability, navigation, and accessibility, ensuring the website’s suitability as a decision-making aid. The newly developed website could become a supporting tool to facilitate patient-physician discussion regarding ICBs.
The Impact of International Classification of Disease–Triggered Prescription Support on Telemedicine: Observational Analysis of Efficiency and Guideline Adherence (Preprint)
Authors: Accorsi Tarso Augusto Duenhas , Eduardo Anderson Aires , Baptista Carlos Guilherme , Moreira Flavio Tocci , Morbeck Renata Albaladejo , Köhler Karen Francine , Lima Karine de Amicis , Pedrotti Carlos Henrique Sartorato
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Integrating decision support systems into telemedicine may optimize consultation efficiency and adherence to clinical guidelines; however, the extent of such effects remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the use of ICD (International Classification of Disease)-coded prescription decision support systems (PDSSs) and the effects of these systems on consultation duration and guideline adherence during telemedicine encounters.

METHODS

In this retrospective, single-center, observational study conducted from October 2021 to March 2022, adult patients who sought urgent digital care via direct-to-consumer video consultations were included. Physicians had access to current guidelines and could use an ICD-triggered PDSS (which was introduced in January 2022 after a preliminary test in the preceding month) for 26 guideline-based conditions. This study analyzed the impact of implementing automated prescription systems and compared these systems to manual prescription processes in terms of consultation duration and guideline adherence.

RESULTS

This study included 10,485 telemedicine encounters involving 9644 patients, with 12,346 prescriptions issued by 290 physicians. Automated prescriptions were used in 5022 (40.67%) of the consultations following system integration. Before introducing decision support, 4497 (36.42%) prescriptions were issued, which increased to 7849 (63.57%) postimplementation. The physician’s average consultation time decreased significantly to 9.5 (SD 5.5) minutes from 11.2 (SD 5.9) minutes after PDSS implementation (P<.001). Of the 12,346 prescriptions, 8683 (70.34%) were aligned with disease-specific international guidelines tailored for telemedicine encounters. Primary medication adherence in accordance with existing guidelines was significantly greater in the decision support group than in the manual group (n=4697, 93.53% vs n=1389, 49.14%; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the physicians adopted the PDSS, and the results demonstrated the use of the ICD-code system in reducing consultation times and increasing guideline adherence. These systems appear to be valuable for enhancing the efficiency and quality of telemedicine consultations by supporting evidence-based clinical decision-making.

CLINICALTRIAL
Development of a Model to Identify Empathy in the Vocals of Mental Health Helpline Counsellors. (Preprint)
Authors: Sanjeewa Ruvini , Iyer Ravi , Apputhurai Pragalathan , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Meyer Denny
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The research study aimed to detect the vocal features immersed in empathic counsellor speech using samples of calls to a mental health (MH) helpline service.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to produce an algorithm for the identification of empathy from these features, which could act as a training guide for counsellors and conversational agents who need to transmit empathy in their vocals.

METHODS

Two annotators with a psychology background and English heritage provided empathy ratings for 57 calls involving female counsellors, as well as multiple short call segments within each of these calls. These ratings were found to be well correlated between the two raters in a sample of six common calls. Using vocal feature extraction from call segments and statistical variable selection methods, such as L1 penalised Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and forward selection, a total of 14 significant vocal features were associated with empathic speech.

RESULTS

Generalised additive mixed models (GAMM), binary logistics regression with splines and random forest models were employed to obtain an algorithm that differentiated between high and low empathy call segments. Slightly higher predictive accuracies of empathy were reported from the binary logistics regression model (AUC=0.617) than the GAMM (AUC=0.605) and the random forest model (AUC= 0.600).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that the identification of empathy from vocal features alone is challenging and further research involving multi-modal models (e.g. models incorporating facial expression, words used and vocal features) are encouraged for detecting empathy in the future.
This study has several limitations including a relatively small sample of calls and only two empathy raters. Future research should focus on accommodating multiple raters with varied backgrounds, to explore these effects on perceptions of empathy. In addition, considering counsellor vocals from larger more heterogeneous populations, including mixed-gender samples, will allow an exploration of the factors influencing the level of empathy projected in counsellor voices more generally.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Myopia and Axial Length
in Children and Adolescents Aged 4 to 18 Years in Northern China (Preprint)
Authors: Cui Mingming
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Childhood myopia has become an increasingly serious public health problem worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the prevalence of myopia, axial length changes, and their influencing factors among children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years in Beijing. The findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for taking effective measures to prevent and control myopia for government decision-making.

METHODS

This cross-sectional survey involved 2595 children from 9 randomly selected educational institutions (1 kindergarten and 8 schools) in northern China. The survey included a questionnaire, visual acuity examination, refractive screening, and axial length measurement.

RESULTS

The prevalence of myopia among the tested students was 56.53%, and 50.98% of students had an axial length (AL) of >23.5 mm. The AL is elongated with age, and the right was longer than the left (P<0.05). Excluding preschool children, the AL was significantly different between students with and without myopia (P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed significant differences in the myopia rates by age, reading distance, close learning time, lighting environment, and myopia in parents (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that older children and myopia in parents were risk factors for myopia and a longer AL, with girls being more likely to develop myopia than boys (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.133–1.597).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of myopia and the proportion of excessive increase of AL were high in children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years. Therefore, it is possible to predict the occurrence and development of myopia in children by measuring the AL and to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents by reducing the short-distance reading time and maintaining an adequate reading distance.
Empowering Employees with Musculoskeletal Pain through a Mobile App: Mixed-Methods Pilot Study Evaluating Impact on Pain Perceptions, Pain Intensity, and Physical Activity (Preprint)
Authors: Keyaerts Stijn , Szymanski Maxwell , Godderis Lode , Vanden Abeele Vero , Daenen Liesbeth
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile apps present opportunities to empower employees with musculoskeletal pain and reduce long-term absenteeism. However, adoption remains limited due to lack of empirical evidence and challenges in user-friendly design.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of an app-based pain management intervention tailored for employees. Specifically, the study aimed to 1) assess the effect of the intervention on pain perceptions, pain intensity, and physical activity, and 2) identify factors influencing its effectiveness.

METHODS

Sixty-six employees from a Belgian university hospital, experiencing musculoskeletal pain for at least six weeks, participated in a 24-week intervention. The app-based intervention targeted unhelpful perceptions about pain and taught pain management skills through biopsychosocial education, graded activity, and personal goal-setting. Every six weeks, participants completed a questionnaire measuring pain perceptions (pain catastrophizing and fear-avoidance beliefs). Pain intensity was recorded daily using a visual analogue scale and step count was tracked daily with an activity tracker. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants to explore their experiences with the intervention and its perceived impact.

RESULTS

At the 24-week follow-up, a significant improvement was observed in pain catastrophizing (t = -3.60, p < 0.001, d = 0.56). However, results for fear-avoidance beliefs (variance (time) = 1.34, p = 0.036) and pain intensity (variance (time) = 17.29, p = 0.032) were mixed, and no significant changes were observed in mean daily step count. Qualitative analysis revealed that the effectiveness of the intervention was hindered by content and design choices that did not adequately account for diverse work settings and the busy life of employees. Cognitive biases and non-supportive work environments further complicated the successful implementation of the intervention in the workplace.

CONCLUSIONS

The app-based pain management intervention showed promise in reducing the threat value of pain and encouraging employees to adopt new coping strategies. To optimize treatment outcomes, future interventions should incorporate a high degree of personalization and strategies to address cognitive biases. Additionally, fostering a supportive work environment is crucial. Future studies should engage workplace stakeholders during the development and implementation of app-based pain management interventions and explore combining mobile apps with real-life support from trusted healthcare providers.
Increasing Participation and Completion Rates in Questionnaire Surveys of Primary Care Patients: Cluster-Randomized Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sebo Paul , Tudrej Benoit , Bernard Augustin , Delaunay Bruno , Dupuy Alexandra , Malavergne Claire , Maisonneuve Hubert
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Participation and completion rates in questionnaire-based surveys are often low.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess participation and completion rates for a survey using paper and mixed mode questionnaires with patients recruited by research assistants in primary care waiting rooms.

METHODS

This cluster-randomized study, conducted in 2023 in France, involved 974 patients from 39 practices randomized into 4 groups: “paper with incentive” (n=251), “paper without incentive” (n=368), “mixed mode with tablet” (n=187), and “mixed mode with QR code” (n=168). Analyses compared the combined paper group with the 2 mixed mode groups and the “paper with incentive” and “paper without incentive” groups. Logistic regressions were used to analyze participation and completion rates.

RESULTS

Of the 974 patients recruited, 822 (women: 536/821, 65.3%; median age 52, IQR 37-68 years) agreed to participate (participation rate=84.4%), with no significant differences between groups. Overall, 806 patients (98.1%) answered all 48 questions. Completion rates were highest in the combined paper group (99.8%) compared to mixed mode groups (96.8% for paper or tablet, 93.3% for paper or QR code; P<.001). There was no significant difference in completion rates between the “paper with incentive” and “paper without incentive” groups (100% vs 99.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Recruiting patients in waiting rooms with research assistants resulted in high participation and completion rates across all groups. Mixed mode options did not enhance participation or completion rates but may offer logistical advantages. Future research should explore incentives and mixed-mode strategies in diverse settings.
Review: Potensi Metabolit Sekunder dari Phaleria macrocarpa dan Fungi Endofitnya sebagai Antikanker
Authors: Agustina Ikra , Siskadewi Lay Caterina , Astuti Puji
Published: October 2024

Phaleria macrocarpa merupakan tanaman obat Indonesia yang telah digunakan secara empiris untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit, termasuk kanker. Beberapa metabolit aktif dari Phaleria macrocarpa yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker diantaranya phalerin, asam galat, fevicordin, dan kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glukosida. Kanker adalah salah satu penyakit yang menjadi masalah global dengan prevalensi dan angka kematian yang tinggi. Terapi pada penderita kanker masih mengalami beberapa keterbatasan seperti aspek biaya yang tinggi, banyaknya efek samping obat sintesis pada kemoterapi, dan adanya resistensi obat kemoterapi. Sumber bahan baku pengobatan kanker di Indonesia juga kebanyakan masih bergantung pada impor. Pencarian senyawa aktif dari bahan alam sangat diperlukan untuk pengembangan bahan baku obat antikanker. Namun, seringkali metabolit aktif yang berasal dari tumbuhan memiliki kelimpahan yang rendah. Penggunaan mikroba endofit dapat menjadi salah satu stategi untuk produksi senyawa metabolit aktif tanpa memerlukan bahan baku dalam jumlah besar. Mikroba endofit dapat bersimbiosis dalam inangnya dan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang kemungkinan mirip dengan tanaman inangnya. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji metabolit sekunder dari Phaleria macrocarpa dan potensi penggunaan mikroba endofitnya sebagai sumber senyawa antikanker yang berasal dari alam. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi pustaka melalui penelusuran berbagai studi, artikel ilmiah dan penelitian dari database elektronik (Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct dan Springer Link). Artikel ini diharapkan menjadi sumber informasi untuk acuan para peneliti di masa mendatang dalam pengembangan riset obat antikanker yang berasal dari alam.
Assessing the Predictive Power of Aptitude Tests on Academic Achievement of Students in Science and Technology Majors
Authors: Hapsari Anindita Dwi , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: October 2024

Aptitude tests are used as part of aptitude assessments. The results of these tests can later serve as the basis for providing study major recommendations for clients who wish to pursue their studies at higher education institutions. Two of the aptitude tests used as part of the aptitude assessment are the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) and the Flanagan Aptitude Classification Test (FACT) which consisted of comprehension, reasoning, patterns, arithmetic, mechanical reasoning, and speed-accuracy subtests. This research intended to know the predictive power of aptitude tests on academic achievement in higher education institutions, especially in the STEM program. Participants in this study were 179 students (111 female, 68 male) at Universitas Gadjah Mada. All participants had taken an aptitude assessment at a psychological service provider and had undergone their first year of study in the STEM programs. Correlation analysis was carried out with the aptitude test as the predictor and GPA as the criterion. This study found that only the numerical ability subtest had a satisfactory correlation coefficient as a predictor of the academic performance in female STEM students in higher education.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity in the Academic Cycle: An Integrative Review on Study Techniques that Favor Learning
Authors: Silva Wanessa Soares Luiz , Prates Matheus Marques , Sena Alícia dos Santos , Filho Clewerson Penini Barbosa , Neves Renata Santos , Silva Luana Rodrigues da , Trindade Naila Ribeiro , Cantão Caroline Jesus , Vieira Arnebia Ramos , Cerqueira Gabriel Pereira , Fernandes Kenia Guimarães Macieira , Silva Daniel Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurological condition that begins to manifest itself in childhood and continues to affect the individual throughout development. It is associated with a series of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors that are observed daily by those who live with people affected by this disorder. The predominant symptoms are inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, which have widespread impacts on the daily lives of individuals with the disorder. The present work consists of an integrative review, which aims to discuss study techniques that favor learning in the academic cycle for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, through considerations about it and its impact on academic life. . This is an integrative review, in which basic, qualitative, exploratory and bibliographic research was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, MedlinePlus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo – Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar. Learning strategies are methods that students use to build knowledge, aiming to facilitate the acquisition and storage of information. These techniques can be grouped into three main categories, namely: Cognitive Strategies, which include rehearsal, elaboration and organization of information; Metacognitive Strategies, which involve planning, monitoring and regulating the learning process itself; Resource Management or Affective Strategies, which deal with time management, study environment, effort and seeking external support. In short, learning strategies, which encompass cognitive, metacognitive and affective aspects, play an essential role in the educational process, providing students with tools to acquire knowledge in an effective and autonomous way. However, the effectiveness of these strategies depends on psychological and motivational factors, and educators play a crucial role in encouraging the development of these skills, promoting self-regulation and critical thinking. Therefore, mastering these strategies empowers students to become successful, autonomous learners throughout their lives.
Probing the Disk Kinematics of M31 with DESI
Authors: Stevenson Struan
Published: October 2024

M31’s stellar rotation curve and disk line-of-sight dispersion is presented using kinematic data from a novel DESI M31 survey in combination with similar datasets. After removing the foreground, the disk region is isolated and the velocity field deprojected. A flat ring model is fit to the velocity field of M31 out to 30 kpc using a maximum-likelihood routine. The stellar rotation curve is found to flatten to ∼220 km/s, and a disk line-of-sight velocity dispersion of ∼60 km/s is derived. The results extend M31’s rotation curve to 30 kpc and support the picture in which M31 has thicker disk than the Milky Way.
Leveraging Machine Learning for Photometric Redshift Estimation of JWST Galaxies
Authors: Kalná Julie , Begley Ryan , Donnan Callum
Published: October 2024

With the launch of JWST, the volume and complexity of astronomical data are increasing, a trend that will continue with future instruments such as SKA and Euclid. It is inevitable that data-driven methods will become more prominent alongside model-driven analysis. This research utilises machine learning, specifically a kernelised local linear regression model, in photometric redshift predictions of galaxies observed with JWST. With a spectroscopic dataset of 4605 galaxies, we trained the model and achieved a deviation of σdz = 0.018 and a catastrophic outlier rate of foutlier = 3.5%. These results demonstrate high accuracy and computational efficiency, highlighting the potential of machine learning for astronomical data analysis, in particular for large-scale surveys.
Remixing Britishness: Affect and National Pride in the London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony
Authors: Gray Claire
Published: October 2024

During the London 2012 Opening Olympic Ceremony, emotional moments such as the torch relay and the celebration of the National Health Service affected many viewers. Such a spectacle of national history and culture was wide-sweeping and is still remembered today as a moment of triumph for the country. With the Paris 2024 Olympics only months away, it becomes timely to observe how the sensorial spectacle of the Olympics works to create a certain emotional effect in its viewers, and how they leave with a specific understanding of what the nation stands for. Crucially, it is imperative to survey the ways in which national histories and cultures have been edited for an "Olympic affect" during the Opening Ceremony and comprehend why they play such a crucial role in contemporary political discourse. The London 2012 Opening Olympic Ceremony revealed a particular perspective on British history, used emotion and spectacle to recount a specific version of events, and attempted to garner a certain sense of national pride during a time of national crisis. In examining specific visual and auditory cues of this Opening Olympic Ceremony, this study will define the "Olympic affect" and examine the idealised Britishness that is performed, so that we may understand what kind of affectual and political power the Olympics hold.
Be Weary: Resistance and Refusal in Black American Music
Authors: Stephenson Danielle
Published: October 2024

Weary bodies are frequently seen as hopeless, withdrawn, or useless. The common understanding is that weariness is uncritical, limited by fatigue, and always politically inactive. In the realm of Black expression, however, the recurring affect of weariness (and its recognition) is one that elucidates an impasse of endurance and resistance. The seemingly diametric theses of Max Roach’s ‘Members Don’t Git Weary’ and Solange Knowles’ ‘Weary’ evoke this paradox of survival, bringing necessary complexity to discussions of subjugation, agency, and refusal in the Black American context.
The new digital archive at the Neanderthal Museum
Authors: Quirin Florian , Auffermann Bärbel , Di Maida Gianpiero
Published: October 2024

The management and publication of digital data on online repositories constitutes a task that is becoming more and more relevant for museums and cultural heritage institutions alike. Not only is it important to archive the growing volume of data produced on a daily basis, but also to make this data available and reach out to old and new audience targets, such as fellow researchers, students, enthusiasts, in new and meaningful ways. The Neanderthal Museum, since two decades engaged in the development and establishment of a diversified digital offer, profiting from the recent completion of the DISAPALE project and its hundreds of newly scanned 3D models, has created a brand new online portal, planned as the core of its digital activity. The history of development (specifically the NESPOS portal), the issues encountered in the planning and realization phases (e.g. requirements for efficiency and long-term maintainability, freedom from previous dependencies on proprietary software), as well as the design decisions and technical solutions are critically discussed, highlighting strengths, weaknesses and possible future improvements. An introduction to the client-server architecture is provided, detailing the development of the back-end using a lightweight Java server component with integrated PostgreSQL relational database and the user-facing front-end built with modern web technologies to create a tailor-made, flexible and clutter-free web application. Finally a short look at the current status of scientific enterprises in digital archaeology is given, with a specific focus on the entanglements between museums, cultural heritage institutions and government entities.
Mana Wāhine: Decolonising Feminism and Patriarchy in Aotearoa
Authors: Kern Lea
Published: October 2024

Aotearoa/New Zealand was the first country in the world to give women the right to vote in 1893, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern was widely celebrated for her response to Covid-19 (Roy, 2020), and the country, despite having experienced a swing towards the right in the 2023 general election (Corlett 2023), is generally seen as one of the most progressive (McDonald, 2020). But does the situation of Māori women paint a different picture? It is important to look at numerous additional difficulties Māori women face compared to Pākehā women. Statistics show that Māori women are significantly overrepresented in prisons (Adair, 2023) and are much more likely to be unemployed than all other demographics (Reilly, 2019). According to Linda Tuhiwai Smith, a leading Māori scholar on Mana Wāhine theory (1992), Māori women face a double jeopardy of oppression for being both a woman and Māori. To understand their situation, it is essential to examine what role colonialism plays in this oppression. In this essay, I explore how colonialism has shaped the struggles Māori women face, and how they respond to it through Māori feminisms, – more specifically, through the concept of Mana Wāhine . I start by describing how colonialism is a gendered process that brought patriarchy to Aotearoa, and how this colonial encounter shaped interactions between white and Māori feminists, an encounter that is marked by misconstructions of distinct realities that are assumed to be the same. I move on to Indigenous feminism in Aotearoa by categorising Mana Wāhine as a decolonising Māori form of feminist theory and tying it into transnational efforts before finishing with a conclusion. I find that the colonial encounter lastingly shaped the situation of Māori women in Aotearoa by introducing Western binaries, gender norms and patriarchy. Furthermore, the lens of colonisation distorted Māori culture to present it as sexist. The only way out of thisdouble bind for Māori women is therefore an approach that takes their oppression as both women and Māori into account.
Ellen Churchill Semple: Navigating a Patriarchal Discipline
Authors: Sinclair Kidd Eliza
Published: October 2024

Ellen Churchill Semple is a notorious figure in the geographical realm whose complicated legacy renders her place within a historiography of geography uncertain. While Semple is hailed as the first female geographer, it is also widely acknowledged that her work is tainted with racism. Contemporary scholars wish to erase her contributions, declaring that they would “prefer to forget” her infamous text Influences of Geographic Environment in which she claimed that physical geography determined human behaviour. Mona Domosh complicates this desire to erase Semple from memory by advocating for a feminist historiography of geography. Through foregrounding the contributions that women have made to the development of geographic knowledge, Domosh challenges the exclusion of women from accounts of the discipline’s past. This paper therefore addresses the question: Should Semple be included in a feminist historiography of geography? Furthermore, was Semple a feminist? To interrogate this, I reimagine Pearson’s take on violent women. Just as Atwood describes a woman’s disbelief at her ability to cause harm in the opening quote, Pearson centres the misperception that women are simply compassionate caregivers and victims of their circumstances – the ‘myth of female innocence’. This is useful for exploring Semple’s role in epistemological violence where her data interpretations brought negative consequences for certain groups. An intersectional lens is crucial for examining the connections between race, class, and gender which shaped the experiences of Semple and those she deemed ‘inferior’. The structure-agency debate emerges, asking whether individuals are entirely socialised by structures or can act autonomously. I take a relational approach to acknowledge the interrelatedness of social processes and argue that Semple both actively challenged and perpetuated patriarchy. Firstly, this paper outlines Semple’s theoretical contributions and other key insights provided by contemporary female geographers which are useful for assessing Semple’s impact today. Secondly, Semple’s infiltration of male-dominated space is examined to demonstrate her resistance to traditional gender expectations. Thirdly, her imperial entanglements are traced to illustrate her perpetuation of the patriarchal state. Finally, a contemporary manifestation of the Semple dilemma is considered. I conclude that by today’s standards of intersectional feminism Semple is not a feminist role model, however she can be considered an early feminist for her active reconfiguration of an all-male discipline. Ultimately, I advocate for the critical inclusion of Semple’s work in a feminist historiography of geography. This project of decoding knowledge to understand the influence of cultural forces offers a step towards decolonising the academy.
Myth of the 'muse': a History of the Gender Roles Conceptualised in Art
Authors: Gane Martha
Published: October 2024

The muse has been historically defined as a source of divine inspiration to the artist, a passive and voiceless object art is made in reflection to but not about. The dynamic is almost always gendered with the female counterpart of the muse being frequently left silent. She takes on a sexualised role, posing nude, as often the relationship between muse and artist extends to romantic one. An erotised and romanticised version of womanhood litters nude paintings of the past, highlighting how the role frequently stripped women of their identity as they were portrayed through the eyes of the male artist. However, there are artists who have challenged these assumptions. Tracing the life of artist Lee Miller and the work of Shigeyuki Kihara reveals how the binaries between the roles of artist and muse are not as rigid as previously thought but are influenced by societal constructs limiting how we perceive and use the role of the muse.
Editorial and Contents
Authors: Bold Valentina
Published: October 2024

Editorial and contents of Review of Scottish Culture 29, 2024
A Hebridean Plough-type
Authors: Cheape Hugh
Published: October 2024

Material culture, Ethnology, Folklore, Scottish History, Rural Life, Regional Studies, Local Studies, Hebrides, National Museums Scotland, Museums, Museology, European ethnology, plough, ploughing, South Uist, North Uist, Benbecula, West Kilbride, Clearances, Highland Clearances
Re-viewing failure
Authors: Barnes Jennifer
Published: October 2024

William McGonagall, Dundee, Macbeth, Theatre Royal, Folklore, Ethnology, Drama, Scottish poetry, Scottish literature, Performance, William Shakespeare, Scottish History, Regional studies, Local studies, Celebrity
Robert Burns’s Friend Robert Cleghorn in his Cultural Context
Authors: Campbell Katherine , Lyle Emily
Published: October 2024

Folklore, Ethnology, Antiquarianism, Robert Burns, Scottish literature, Scottish poetry, Scottish song, Scottish music, Robert Cleghorn, Cultural History, Scottish history, Caledonian Mercury, Kingsknow, Redford, Saughton, George Thomson, Ann Hunter, Vocal music.
Laboratory Measurements and Estimates of the Biot Coefficient of a Pre-Salt Oil Field, Santos Basin
Authors: Morschbacher Marcio Jose , Vasquez Guilherme Fernandes , Justen Julio Cesar Ramos , Figueiredo Marcos Pozzato , Falcão Flavia de Oliveira Lima , Maria Ana Lucia Matias
Published: October 2024

The Biot’s coefficient is an important parameter in geomechanical models of hydrocarbon reservoirs, with direct influence over the stress distribution in space and time along the production history. We conducted stress-strain experiments (quasi-static measurements) to measure the Biot coefficient of rock samples from an oil field in the Santos Basin. We found strong correlations between these quasi-static measurements and the estimates from dry rock ultrasonic elastic velocities (dynamic measurements). Additionally, we observed good correlations between the Biot’s coefficients and the effective porosity of the rocks, as well as with the acoustic impedances. These findings suggest that it is possible to derive poroelastic parameter logs of Biot’s coefficient in well locations, which can be used as input for geostatistical interpolation between wells. This would help in constructing more accurate reservoir geomechanical models and may even enable the generation of a three-dimensional distribution of the coefficient based on acoustic inversion of seismic data.
P-Wave Velocity Log Simulation for Petroelastic Inversion Using Gardner’s Equation, Neural Networks And Ensemble Methods Based on Trees: A Case Study of the Santos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Caique Pinheiro , Costa Jéssica Lia Santos , Fonte-Boa Tobias , Novo Tiago Amâncio , Oliveira Maria José Campos , Costa Fernanda Moura
Published: October 2024

One of the main tools for reservoir characterization is analyzing well-log data. The importance of such methods stems from petrophysical properties estimation, such as porosity, which is very important to the oil and gas industry. In scenarios where data is hard to collect, data loss and technical failures during the acquisition impose an extra challenge. Thus mathematical and petrophysical models are good candidates to fill information gaps in the well-log dataset. In such a way, the rock’s petroelastic and petrophysical properties can be successfully estimated. Several studies correlate the velocity of compressional waves (VP) to other basic well data. In this study, we used the Gardner equation and Machine Learning methods such as Neural Networks, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting regressions to generate VPlogs. We used real-world data acquired from twenty wells of the pre-salt formation from Santos Basin in Brazil to train and test the Machine Learning methods and evaluated the data estimated by those models using statistical metrics. We calculated the acoustic impedance from the estimated logs and used it to create a prior model for a petroelastic inversion, which allowed us to estimate the natural logarithm of the acoustic impedance for a seismic volume. The Machine Learning methods presented lesser errors between estimated and measured velocities when compared to Gardner’s equation.