bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and consequences of price promotions effectiveness
Authors:   Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Marketing. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 1 - 41018 Sevilla. imrosa@us.es, Rosa Díaz Isabel María , Rondán Cataluña Francisco Javier ,   Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Marketing. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 1 - 41018 Sevilla. rondan@us.es
Published: August 2013

From an approach of market orientation, the present research analyzes the influence of several factors on the efficiency of price promotions. The above mentioned factors are related to purchase behavior (the importance of price in the decision process and the consumers’ level of price knowledge), as well as to the sociocultural and demographic characteristics (gender, education level, and income level). The empirical study developed, based on a sample of 600 consumers, has allowed to draw a common profile for consumers who are attracted to price promotions sales.
A proposal for measuring the innovation performance: an application in spanish innovative firms
Authors:   Facultade de Económicas e Empresariais. Lagoas Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra). arevalo@uvigo.es, Arévalo Tomé Raquel , Urgal Begoña ,   Escola de Enxeñería Industrial de Ingenieros Industriales. Lagoas Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra). burgal@uvigo.es, Quintás María A. ,   Facultade de Económicas e Empresariais. Lagoas Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra). quintas@uvigo.es
Published: August 2013

This paper supplies a measure of the degree of firm’s innovation performance. This indicator summarizes the impact of technological innovation activities on products, processes and sustainability of the firms. The data set used in this study was drawn up from the 2006 Panel on Technological Innovation (PITEC). The research focuses on firms that carried out a technological innovation from 2004 to 2006. We also show a characterization of Spanish innovative firms using the proposed indicator.
Entrepreneurial orientation, environmental hostility and SME profitability: a contingency approach
Authors:   Departamento de Contaduría Pública, Carrera 49 7 sur 50, bloque 26. Universidad EAFIT - Medellín (Colombia). izaias.barcelona@gmail.com, Martins Izaias , Rialp Alex ,   Departament d’Economia de l’Empresa Edifici B, Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles) – Barcelona (España). alex.rialp@uab.cat
Published: August 2013

This study investigates the effect of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on SME financial performance. The essay also proposes a contingency model to explore the moderating effects of environmental hostility on the relationship between EO and profitability. The study was conducted using a sample of 121 manufacturing SMEs in Spain. Results confirm the positive influence of EO on a firm’s profitability. More importantly, the impact of EO on SME profitability is higher when there is a fit between EO and the external environment.
Long memory in return structures from developed markets
Authors:   Army Institute of Management, Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata-700027. West Bengal, India. sharadbhattacharya@gmail.com, Bhattacharya Sharad Nath , Bhattacharya Mousumi ,   Army Institute of Management, Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata-700027. West Bengal, India. mbhattacharya9@gmail.com
Published: August 2013

The present study aimed at investigating the existence of long memory properties in ten developed stock markets across the globe. When return series exhibit long memory, the series realizations are not independent over time and past returns can help predict future returns, thus violating the market efficiency hypothesis. It poses a serious challenge to the supporters of random walk behavior of the stock returns indicating a potentially predictable component in the series dynamics. We computed Hurst-Mandelbrot's Classical R/S statistic, Lo's statistic and semi parametric GPH statistic using spectral regression. The findings suggest existence of long memory in volatility and random walk for logarithmic return series in general for all the selected stock market indices. Findings are in line with the stylized facts of financial time series.
Foreign establishment mode: determinants in the case of Indian multinational Tata Group
Authors:   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n 03690 Alicante (Spain). laura.rienda@ua.es, Rienda García Laura , Claver Cortés Enrique ,   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n 03690 Alicante (Spain). enrique.claver@ua.es, Quer Ramón Diego ,   Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n 03690 Alicante (Spain). diego.quer@ua.es
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzes the factors influencing the choice between different FDI modes: acquisitions or greenfield investments. From a sample of 117 outward foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions made by the Indian multinational Tata in 43 countries, our findings show that industry technological intensity, host country risk, host market attractiveness, previous international experience and the volume of exports from India to the host country, are determining factors of this choice.
Adiciones y Comentarios a la Flora de Honduras
Authors: Nelson Cyril H.
Published: August 2013

Se agregan y comentan taxones de la flora de Honduras, de los cuales hay 10 familias nuevas, 52 géneros, 338 especies, nueve subespecies, cinco variedades, una forma, 19 endemismos, 53 sinonimias y 28 nombres comunes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v51i2.1105
Exploring the Nature and Impact of Model Teaching With Worked Example Pairs
Authors: Newton Kristie J. , Star Jon R.
Published: August 2013

This study involved a promising practice-based professional development activity called model teaching, where teachers collaboratively wrote and then enacted a lesson plan to a “class” of fellow teachers. Analysis of videos during the activity suggested that playing the role of “students” was especially effective as a way to highlight student thinking and to help teachers consider pedagogical strategies for addressing student difficulties. The activity also provided evidence of teacher learning from the professional development experience. Five teachers were followed throughout the school year, and findings suggested that although implementation varied, much of what was learned transferred to the classroom. We report on this variation and the extent of transfer, and we discuss affordances and limitations of the model teaching activity.
Long-Term Maintenance of Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells Using Rho Kinase Inhibitor and Keratinocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Miyashita Hideyuki , Yokoo Seiichi , Yoshida Satoru , Kawakita Tetsuya , Yamagami Satoru , Tsubota Kazuo , Shimmura Shigeto
Published: August 2013

Corneal epithelial stem cells are located in the limbus, the junction between the cornea and the conjunctiva. A limbal epithelium model in vitro would be useful for the study of epithelial stem cells, as well as improving the quality of cultivated epithelial sheets for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this study, we succeeded in constructing a limbal epithelium-like structure that could be maintained for at least 5 months in vitro. We modified conventional medium by replacing epidermal growth factor with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and adding Y-27632, a rho kinase inhibitor. Using this medium, epithelial cells freshly isolated from human limbus were cocultured with human mesenchymal stem cell-derived feeder cells. Cells formed a stratified layer without air exposure, and both basal and suprabasal layers maintained their unique morphologies for up to 5 months. Basal layers expressed the progenitor marker p63 uniformly and K15 heterogeneously. Expressions of PAX6, K3, and K12 indicated that cell sheets underwent normal differentiation in the corneal epithelium lineage. Although medium was changed daily after day 7, cell debris was observed every day, suggesting that cell sheets underwent turnover. Furthermore, secondary colonies were observed from cells dissociated from 1-month and 3-month cultured sheets. In conclusion, human limbal epithelial cell sheet cultures with KGF and Y-27632 maintained stratification, high expression of both stem/progenitor markers and differentiation markers, and colony-forming cells long-term. This protocol may be useful as an in vitro limbal epithelial model for basic studies.
Administration of Murine Stromal Vascular Fraction Ameliorates Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Semon Julie A. , Zhang Xiujuan , Pandey Amitabh C. , Alandete Sandra M. , Maness Catherine , Zhang Shijia , Scruggs Brittni A. , Strong Amy L. , Sharkey Steven A. , Beuttler Marc M. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Bunnell Bruce A.
Published: August 2013

Administration of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) represents a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases since they have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. The uncultured, nonexpanded counterpart of ASCs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. Although administration of ex vivo culture-expanded ASCs has been used to study immunomodulatory mechanisms in multiple models of autoimmune diseases, less is known about SVF-based therapy. The ability of murine SVF cells to treat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) was compared with that of culture-expanded ASCs in C57Bl/6J mice. A total of 1 × 106 SVF cells or ASCs were administered intraperitoneally concomitantly with the induction of disease. The data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of ASCs significantly ameliorated the severity of disease course. They also demonstrate, for the first time, that the SVF effectively inhibited disease severity and was statistically more effective than ASCs. Both cell therapies also demonstrated a reduction in tissue damage, a decrease in inflammatory infiltrates, and a reduction in sera levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-12. Based on these data, SVF cells effectively inhibited EAE disease progression more than culture-expanded ASCs.
Vivre en français pendant la petite enfance et apprendre à l’école française, y a-t-il un lien ?
Authors: Chartier Mariette , Dumaine Joanne , Sabourin Edmée
Published: August 2013

Plusieurs études récentes démontrent que l’accès aux expériences langagières appropriées et de haute qualité accroît le développement du jeune enfant, et que ce vécu préscolaire a une incidence sur ses compétences académiques et sociales ultérieures. L’objectif de l’étude est de parfaire notre compréhension de l’incidence de la langue utilisée au préscolaire sur le développement de l’enfant en maternelle ainsi que sur sa réussite scolaire et son comportement en 3e année à l’école française dans le contexte anglo-dominant manitobain. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 217 enfants à l’âge préscolaire, à l’entrée à l’école et en 3e année. En ce qui a trait au vocabulaire réceptif en maternelle, les enfants issus d’un environnement préscolaire où ils parlaient en français ont des scores nettement plus élevés (56,7) que ceux des enfants provenant d’un milieu où ils parlaient les deux langues à parts égales (46,6) ou l’anglais (18,7). Les scores en matière de développement langagier sont significativement plus élevés pour les enfants qui étaient exposés aux activités de littératie en français (9,21) que ceux qui participaient à ces activités dans les deux langues à parts égales (7,89) ou en anglais (6,23). En 3e année, les enfants qui parlaient français au foyer au préscolaire ont 5,79 plus de chance de répondre aux exigences scolaires en compréhension de lecture que ceux qui parlaient anglais, et 2,18 plus de chance que ceux qui parlaient les deux langues à parts égales. Cette étude confirme un lien important entre « vivre en français à la petite enfance » et « apprendre à l’école française ».Elle constitue un excellent moteur pour entamer des discussions sur l’importance et l’urgence de renforcer les services existants en français pour les enfants d’âge préscolaire et leur famille pour le maintien et la croissance de la communauté francophone minoritaire.
Où est la Nouvelle-France1 ?
Authors: Desbarats Catherine , Greer Allan
Published: August 2013

Nous posons une question apparemment anodine, « Où est la Nouvelle-France », afin d’explorer le rapport complexe entre souveraineté et territorialité qui prévalait aux XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, et ce, des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. De nos jours, les historiens imaginent souvent une Nouvelle-France bornée, sans pour autant être d’accord sur ses frontières, qui varient au gré des imaginaires nationaux imposés au passé. Les cartes et récits contemporains, en revanche, sont moins enclins à tracer des frontières. L’expression « Nouvelle-France » désignait de façon foncièrement ambiguë des ambitions impériales illimitées. Elle constitue ainsi un cas extrême d’une tendance répandue à cette époque, avant que la souveraineté soit inscrite de façon précise dans le territoire.
Souveraineté dans les colonies, souveraineté en métropole : le rôle de la Nouvelle-France dans la consolidation de l’autorité maritime en France, 1620-1628
Authors: Dewar1 Helen , Paré Hélène , Watt Steven
Published: August 2013

Cet article traite du rôle que jouait la Nouvelle-France dans la consolidation de l’autorité maritime en France, d’abord sous l’Amirauté puis sous la Couronne, au début du XVIIe siècle. L’incorporation de la colonie dans ces juridictions montre que les activités outre-mer faisaient partie des calculs dynastique et politique des titulaires de la même façon que leurs offices et commissions le faisaient en France. Ces activités en Nouvelle-France étaient susceptibles des rivalités personnelles et institutionnelles. L’extension de la juridiction amirale, dedans et hors de France, encouragée par le roi, met en relief les relations intimes entre la formation de l’État et la construction de la souveraineté coloniale dans l’Atlantique français.
Les voyages outre-mer d’un nom : de Loreto en Italie à la Jeune-Lorette au Canada
Authors: Vélez Karin , Paré Hélène
Published: August 2013

Au XVIIe siècle, des centaines de chapelles, hors du territoire de l’Italie, reçurent le nom de Loreto en mémoire de la célèbre basilique mariale sur la côte adriatique italienne. L’attribution de noms est souvent associée à l’occupation impériale ou culturelle. Mais j’adopte ici une autre position. Je démontre plutôt que les catholiques de différents empires et de cultures différentes s’inspirèrent spontanément du nom Loreto pour établir une confrérie au-delà des mers. Leurs réseaux improvisés révèlent un monde de l’époque moderne bâti sur des frontières poreuses et sur un terrain d’entente plutôt que sur la rigidité impériale monolithique. Dans cet article, j’étudie trois groupes dissemblables de passeurs autodésignés du nom Loreto : les marchands picènes de la région des Marches, en Italie, où se trouve la basilique ; des missionnaires jésuites français et espagnols qui ont dédié des chapelles à Notre-Dame de Lorette, ou Loreto, au Canada et au Mexique, respectivement ; et des convertis hurons de la mission de Lorette, près de Québec. Le catholicisme qu’ils partageaient rendait familiers les symboles étrangers et resituait ces acteurs dans le cadre d’un empire français (catholique). Pourtant, ces échanges compliquent aussi l’idée d’un monde atlantique « français », puisqu’ils montrent des catholiques du XVIIe siècle qui vont au-delà de leurs collectivités – italienne, française ou huronne – pour bâtir une communauté mondiale de frères et de soeurs dans la religion.
« Il n’y a point de missions en France »
Authors: Pearson1 Timothy G. , Paré Hélène , Watt Steven
Published: August 2013

Cet article porte sur une affaire judiciaire menée devant le parlement de Paris à compter de mars 1763, à la demande de deux anciens missionnaires en Acadie. Jacques Girard et Claude Manach se considèrent membres du Séminaire des Missions Étrangères de Paris (SMEP), mais à leur retour à Paris, après leur déportation de l’Acadie par les Britanniques, ils découvrent que ni eux ni leurs collègues affectés ailleurs dans le monde ne sont reconnus comme membres du séminaire. Leur appel conteste la constitution du SMEP, selon laquelle on justifie leur exclusion, et il interroge ainsi la relation entre les missions et la métropole après la guerre de Sept Ans. Cet article établit de nouveaux liens entre leur lutte pour la reconnaissance, l’évolution des idées sur l’État, la nation et l’empire en France, et le rôle des missions et des missionnaires dans le monde atlantique.
Iron Oxide‐Labeled Collagen Scaffolds for Non‐Invasive MR Imaging in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mertens Marianne E. , Hermann Alina , Bühren Anne , Olde‐Damink Leon , Möckel Diana , Gremse Felix , Ehling Josef , Kiessling Fabian , Lammers Twan
Published: August 2013

Non‐invasive imaging holds significant potential for implementation in tissue engineering. It can be used to monitor the localization and function of tissue‐engineered implants, as well as their resorption and remodelling. Thus far, however, the vast majority of effort in this area of research have focused on the use of ultrasmall super‐paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle‐labeled cells, colonizing the scaffolds, to indirectly image the implant material. Reasoning that directly labeling scaffold materials might be more beneficial (enabling imaging also in the case of non‐cellularized implants), more informative (enabling the non‐invasive visualization and quantification of scaffold degradation), and easier to translate into the clinic (cell‐free materials are less complex from a regulatory point‐of‐view), three different types of USPIO nanoparticles are prepared and incorporated both passively and actively (via chemical conjugation; during collagen crosslinking) into collagen‐based scaffold materials. The amount of USPIO incorporated into the scaffolds is optimized, and correlated with MR signal intensity, showing that the labeled scaffolds are highly biocompatible, and that scaffold degradation can be visualized using MRI. This provides an initial proof‐of‐principle for the in vivo visualization of the scaffolds. Consequently, USPIO‐labeled scaffold materials seem to be highly suitable for image‐guided tissue engineering applications.
Two‐Component Molecular Materials of 2,5‐Diphenyloxazole Exhibiting Tunable Ultraviolet/Blue Polarized Emission, Pump‐enhanced Luminescence, and Mechanochromic Response
Authors: Yan Dongpeng , Yang Hejia , Meng Qingyun , Lin Heyang , Wei Min
Published: August 2013

The development of π‐conjugated molecular systems with high‐efficiency generation of UV and blue light plays an important role in the fields of light‐emitting diodes, fluorescent imaging, and information storage. Herein, supramolecular construction of solid‐state UV/blue luminescent materials are assembled using 2,5‐diphenyloxazole (DPO) with four typical co‐assembled building blocks (1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 4‐bromotetrafluorobenzene carboxylic acid, pentafluorophenol, and octafluoronaphthalene). Compared with the pristine DPO sample, the as‐prepared two‐component molecular materials feature ease of crystallization, high crystallinity, enhanced thermal stability and tunable luminescence properties (such as emissive wavelength, color, fluorescence lifetime, and photoluminescence quantum yield) as well as multicolor polarized emission in the UV/blue region. Moreover, pump‐enhanced luminescence and reversible mechanochromic fluorescence (MCF) properties can also be obtained for these molecular solids, which are absent for the pristine DPO sample. Therefore, this work provides a procedure for the facile self‐assembly of ordered two‐component molecular materials with tunable UV/blue luminescence properties, which have potential application in the areas of light‐emitting displays, polarized emission, frequency doubling, and luminescent sensors.
Aerosol Route to Highly Efficient (Co)Mo/SiO2 Mesoporous Catalysts
Authors: Colbeau‐Justin Frédéric , Boissière Cedric , Chaumonnot Alexandra , Bonduelle Audrey , Sanchez Clément
Published: August 2013

One‐pot aerosol‐assisted synthesis of mesostructured (Co)Mo/SiO2 catalysts with high hydrogenation activity is reported. The evaporation*induced self‐assembly mechanism of the formation of such catalysts enables optimized interactions between each component, resulting in the tuning of localization of the active species. The high activity is probably associated with the original morphology of the active phase as well as the creation of relevant defects in its structure. Since spray‐dried mesoporous CoMo/SiO2 catalysts outperform the hydrogenation activity of classical impregnated catalysts, aerosol route appears to be a promising way for the industrial‐scale preparation of new highly efficient hydrocarbons catalysts.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Addition Reactions
Authors: Wang Zu‐Li
Published: August 2013

This review examines recent advances in asymmetric catalytic decarboxylative addition reactions which have become a powerful method to form CC and CX bond using relatively cheap and stable carboxylic compounds. In these reactions, new CC or CX bonds are formed with extrusion of carbon dioxide (CO2). Asymmetric decarboxylative addition reactions have become alternatives to traditional addition reactions. Various asymmetric reactions between carboxylic acids and unsaturated compounds are summarized. The challenges and opportunities of these reactions are discussed.

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Silver‐Promoted Benzannulations of Siloxyalkynes with Pyridinium and Isoquinolinium Salts
Authors: Cabrera‐Pardo Jaime R. , Chai David I. , Kozmin Sergey A.
Published: August 2013

We describe the development of efficient benzannulations of siloxyalkynes with pyridinium and isoquinolinium salts. Such reactions are successfully promoted by a stoichiometric amount of silver(I) benzolate under mild reaction conditions. This process proceeds via a formal inverse‐electron demand Diels–Alder reaction, followed by fragmentation of the initially produced bicyclic adducts to deliver a range of synthetically useful phenols and naphthols.

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First palladium‐catalyzed denitrated coupling reaction of nitroarenes with phenols
Authors: Wang Hailei , Yu Ajuan , Cao Aijuan , Chang Junbiao , Wu Yangjie
Published: August 2013

The first palladium‐catalyzed protocol for the denitrated coupling reaction of nitroarenes with phenols has been developed, achieving unsymmetrical diaryl ethers in moderate to excellent yields. The cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine (catalyst Ic) exhibited highly catalytic activity for this transformation with low catalyst loading (0.75 mol%) and short reaction time (2 h). The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by its compatibility with a range of groups. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air or moisture was not required in these transformations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local people see and care most? Severe depletion of inshore fisheries and its consequences for Māori communities in New Zealand
Authors: Mccarthy Alaric , Hepburn Chris , Scott Nigel , Schweikert Katja , Turner Rachel , Moller Henrik
Published: August 2013

Overfishing has the potential to adversely affect the ecological stability, economic value, social and spiritual integrity of a given area. Of these contexts, relatively little emphasis in literature is placed on the social and cultural consequences of overfishing and marine biodiversity loss.

New Zealand's fisheries management system is regarded as one of the best in the world. But is this ‘success’ reflected at the local community scale? This study uses the knowledge of 100 participants from different stakeholder groups including Māori, New Zealand's indigenous peoples, and investigates local perception of the state of inshore fisheries stocks.

Quantitative methods were used to assess the relative significance of important seafood species among different groups, while qualitative analysis highlighted main stakeholder concerns. A common consensus among all participants emerged; access to important inshore seafood species had become more difficult during the course of their lifetime with marked declines occurring from the 1970s onwards. Even where food species are present, they are typically harder to obtain, take longer to harvest and/or require expensive gear.

Five species of marine invertebrates, three finfish species and one seabird were identified as having considerable worth to stakeholders. Of these, quantitative analysis revealed that pāua (abalone), tuna (eel) and tītī (muttonbird) were of particular significance to Māori stakeholders. Māori discussed pāua almost twice as much as non‐Māori, despite pāua ranking as the most significant species among both ethnic groups. Furthermore, Māori associated the depletion of pāua with a loss of cultural identity, hospitality, tradition, practices, emotional and spiritual connection to their environment. As such, in this paper pāua is defined as a ‘cultural keystone species’, whereby the removal of such a species jeopardizes cultural integrity.

This paper serves as a case study bringing to light the disparity between an internationally acclaimed fisheries management strategy and the concerns of local stakeholders.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The insulin receptor changes conformation in unforeseen ways on ligand binding: Sharpening the picture of insulin receptor activation
Authors: Ward Colin W. , Menting John G. , Lawrence Michael C.
Published: August 2013

Unraveling the molecular detail of insulin receptor activation has proved challenging, but a major advance is the recent determination of crystallographic structures of insulin in complex with its primary binding site on the receptor. The current model for insulin receptor activation is that two distinct surfaces of insulin monomer engage sequentially with two distinct binding sites on the extracellular surface of the insulin receptor, which is itself a disulfide‐linked (αβ)2 homodimer. In the process, conformational changes occur both within the hormone and the receptor, the latter resulting in the disruption of the intracellular interactions that hold the kinase domains in their basal state and in the initiation of the phosphorylation events that drive insulin signaling. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the extant structural data relating to hormone binding and how it effects receptor activation, as well as to discuss the issues that remain unresolved.
Hydrogen‐Bond Cooperative Effects in Small Cyclic Water Clusters as Revealed by the Interacting Quantum Atoms Approach
Authors: Guevara‐Vela José Manuel , Chávez‐Calvillo Rodrigo , García‐Revilla Marco , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús , Christiansen Ove , Francisco Evelio , Martín Pendás Ángel , Rocha‐Rinza Tomás
Published: August 2013

The cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding in small water clusters (H2O)n(n=3–6) have been studied by using the partition of the electronic energy in accordance with the interacting quantum atoms (IQA) approach. The IQA energy splitting is complemented by a topological analysis of the electron density (ρ(r)) compliant with the quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules (QTAIM) and the calculation of electrostatic interactions by using one‐ and two‐electron integrals, thereby avoiding convergence issues inherent to a multipolar expansion. The results show that the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding in small water clusters arise from a compromise between: 1) the deformation energy (i.e., the energy necessary to modify the electron density and the configuration of the nuclei of the isolated water molecules to those within the water clusters), and 2) the interaction energy (Eint) of these contorted molecules in (H2O)n. Whereas the magnitude of both deformation and interaction energies is enhanced as water molecules are added to the system, the augmentation of the latter becomes dominant when the size of the cluster is increased. In addition, the electrostatic, classic, and exchange components ofEintfor a pair of water molecules in the cluster (H2O)n−1become more attractive when a new H2O unit is incorporated to generate the system (H2O)nwith the last‐mentioned contribution being consistently the most important part ofEintthroughout the hydrogen bonds under consideration. This is opposed to the traditional view, which regards hydrogen bonding in water as an electrostatically driven interaction. Overall, the trends of the delocalization indices,δ(Ω,Ω′), the QTAIM atomic charges, the topology ofρ(r), and the IQA results altogether show how polarization, charge transfer, electrostatics, and covalency contribute to the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding in small water clusters. It is our hope that the analysis presented in this paper could offer insight into the different intra‐ and intermolecular interactions present in hydrogen‐bonded systems.
Photoreaction of rac‐Leucine in Ice by Circularly Polarized Synchrotron Radiation: Temperature‐Induced Mechanism Switching from Norrish Type II to Deamination
Authors: Nishino Hideo , Hosaka Masahito , Katoh Masahiro , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: August 2013

The delivery of extraterrestrial organics to primitive Earth is considered to have triggered the origin and subsequent evolution of life. Indeed, enantiomerically enriched amino acids of nonterrestrial origin have been found in carbonaceous meteorites, and enantioselective photodecomposition by circularly polarized light (CPL) in outer space has been proposed to have played some role in the initial enantiomeric bias. To experimentally examine this possibility and elucidate the photoreaction mechanisms, we have studied the photolysis of racemic leucine (rac‐Leu) in acidic and neutral ice/water media at 21–298 K with left‐ and right‐CPL in an attempt to detect enantiomerically enriched D‐ and L‐Leu, respectively. Comprehensive product analyses revealed that the CPL‐induced deracemization of Leu proceeds in both acidic and neutral ice matrices even at 21 K, and that the main mechanism switches from Norrish‐type II γ‐hydrogen abstraction to SNi deamination on lowering the temperature. The potential role of the CPL‐induced photodecomposition of amino acids as a source of the enantiomer imbalance in meteorites is discussed.
Heat‐shock protein 70 binds microtubules and interacts with kinesin in tobacco pollen tubes
Authors: Parrotta Luigi , Cresti Mauro , Cai Giampiero
Published: August 2013

The heat‐shock proteins of 70 kDa are a family of ubiquitously expressed proteins important for protein folding. Heat‐shock protein 70 assists other nascent proteins to achieve the spatial structure and ultimately helps the cell to protect against stress factors, such as heat. These proteins are localized in different cellular compartments and are associated with the cytoskeleton. We identified a heat‐shock protein 70 isoform in the pollen tube of tobacco that binds to microtubules in an ATP‐dependent manner. The heat‐shock protein 70 was identified as part of the so‐called ATP‐MAP (ATP‐dependent microtubule‐associated protein) fraction, which also includes the 90‐kDa kinesin, a mitochondria‐associated motor protein. The identity of heat‐shock protein 70 was validated by immunological assays and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis showed that this heat‐shock protein 70 is more similar to specific heat‐shock proteins of Arabidopsis than to corresponding proteins of tobacco. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis indicated that this heat‐shock protein 70 isoform only is part of the ATP‐MAP fraction and that is associated with the mitochondria of pollen tubes. Sedimentation assays showed that the binding of heat‐shock protein 70 to microtubules is not affected by AMPPNP but it increases in the presence of the 90‐kDa kinesin. Binding of heat‐shock protein 70 to microtubules occurs only partially in the presence of ATP but it does not occur if, in addition to ATP, the 90‐kDa kinesin is also present. Data suggest that the binding (but not the release) of heat‐shock protein 70 to microtubules is facilitated by the 90‐kDa kinesin. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of flexural rigidity of actin filaments propelled by surface adsorbed myosin motors
Authors: Bengtsson Elina , Persson Malin , Månsson Alf
Published: August 2013

Actin filaments are central components of the cytoskeleton and the contractile machinery of muscle. The filaments are known to exist in a range of conformational states presumably with different flexural rigidity and thereby different persistence lengths. Our results analyze the approaches proposed previously to measure the persistence length from the statistics of the winding paths of actin filaments that are propelled by surface‐adsorbed myosin motor fragments in the in vitro motility assay. Our results suggest that the persistence length of heavy meromyosin propelled actin filaments can be estimated with high accuracy and reproducibility using this approach provided that: (1) the in vitro motility assay experiments are designed to prevent bias in filament sliding directions, (2) at least 200 independent filament paths are studied, (3) the ratio between the sliding distance between measurements and the camera pixel‐size is between 4 and 12, (4) the sliding distances between measurements is less than 50% of the expected persistence length, and (5) an appropriate cut‐off value is chosen to exclude abrupt large angular changes in sliding direction that are complications, e.g., due to the presence of rigor heads. If the above precautions are taken the described method should be a useful routine part of in vitro motility assays thus expanding the amount of information to be gained from these. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probability Theory of Random Polygons from the Quaternionic Viewpoint
Authors: Cantarella Jason , Deguchi Tetsuo , Shonkwiler Clayton
Published: August 2013

We build a new probability measure on closed space and plane polygons. The key construction is a map, given by Hausmann and Knutson, using the Hopf map on quaternions from the complex Stiefel manifold of 2‐frames in n‐space to the space of closed n‐gons in 3‐space of total length 2. Our probability measure on polygon space is defined by pushing forward Haar measure on the Stiefel manifold by this map. A similar construction yields a probability measure on plane polygons that comes from a real Stiefel manifold.

The edgelengths of polygons sampled according to our measures obey beta distributions. This makes our polygon measures different from those usually studied, which have Gaussian or fixed edgelengths. One advantage of our measures is that we can explicitly compute expectations and moments for chord lengths and radii of gyration. Another is that direct sampling according to our measures is fast (linear in the number of edges) and easy to code.

Some of our methods will be of independent interest in studying other probability measures on polygon spaces. We define an edge set ensemble (ESE) to be the set of polygons created by rearranging a given set of n edges. A key theorem gives a formula for the average over an ESE of the squared lengths of chords skipping k vertices in terms of k, n, and the edgelengths of the ensemble. This allows one to easily compute expected values of squared chord lengths and radii of gyration for any probability measure on polygon space invariant under rearrangements of edges. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An end‐to‐end channel allocation scheme for a wireless mesh network
Authors: Tsao Shiao‐Li , Su Jiun‐Jang , Huang Kuei‐Li , Shih Yung‐Chien , Tseng Chien‐Chao
Published: August 2013

Co‐channel interference seriously influences the throughput of a wireless mesh network. This study proposes an end‐to‐end channel allocation scheme (EECAS) that extends the radio‐frequency‐slot method to minimize co‐channel interference. The EECAS first separates the transmission and reception of packets into two channels. This scheme can then classify the state of each radio‐frequency‐slot as transmitting, receiving, interfered, free, or parity. A node that initiates a communication session with a quality of service requirement can propagate a channel allocation request along the communication path to the destination. By checking the channel state, the EECAS can determine feasible radio‐frequency‐slot allocations for the end‐to‐end path. The simulation results in this study demonstrate that the proposed approach performs well in intra‐mesh and inter‐mesh communications, and it outperforms previous channel allocation schemes in end‐to‐end throughput. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders in a large clinical sample of men and women with personality disorders
Authors: Reas Deborah L. , Rø Øyvind , Karterud Sigmund , Hummelen Benjamin , Pedersen Geir
Published: August 2013

Objective

We assessed and compared the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) across six Axis II groups (borderline, obsessive‐compulsive, avoidant, dependent, paranoid, and personality disorder NOS) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) without personality disorders (PD).

Method

The sample included 3,266 consecutive and first admissions to 16 different treatment units in the Norwegian Network of Psychotherapeutic Day Hospitals between 1993 and 2009. All patients were interviewed with the SCID‐II for DSM‐III‐R (prior to 1996) or DSM‐IV (from 1996) and the MINI for Axis I disorders in accordance with the LEAD (longitudinal, expert, all‐data) standard.

Results

The prevalence of any ED in the PD sample was approximately 17% for women and 3% for men. A lower rate of ED (5%) was found for patients with MDD without PD. A significantly higher proportion of patients with borderline personality disorder were diagnosed with BN or EDNOS. The rate of AN was significantly elevated in female patients with obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder. Men demonstrated significantly less diagnostic co‐occurrence and no significant differential variation across PD groups or MDD.

Discussion

Data which included a psychiatric comparison group showed less co‐occurrence and non‐significant variation across PD groups for men, but demonstrated a meaningful and specific pattern of comorbidity between ED and PD for women. There was an elevated risk of ED among female patients with PD, most pronounced for borderline. An almost five‐fold higher rate of AN was found among women with obsessive‐compulsive PD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:801–809)
Predicting rarity and decline in animals, plants, and mushrooms based on species attributes and indicator groups
Authors: Musters C. J. M. , Kalkman Vincent , van Strien Arco
Published: August 2013

In decisions on nature conservation measures, we depend largely on knowledge of the relationship between threats and environmental factors for a very limited number of species groups, with relevant environmental factors often being deduced from the relationship between threat and species traits. But can relationships between traits and levels of threats be identified across species from completely different taxonomic groups; and how accurately do well‐known taxonomic groups indicate levels of threat in other species groups? To answer these questions, we first made a list of 152 species attributes of morphological and demographic traits and habitat requirements. Based on these attributes we then grew random forests of decision trees for 1183 species in the 18 different taxonomic groups for which we had Red Lists available in the Netherlands, using these to classify animals, plants, and mushrooms according to their rarity and decline. Finally, we grew random forests for four species groups often used as indicator groups to study how well the relationship between attribute and decline within these groups reflected that relationship within the larger taxonomic group to which these groups belong. Correct classification of rarity based on all attributes was as high as 88% in animals, 85% in plants, and 94% in mushrooms and correct classification of decline was 78% in animals, 69% in plants, and 70% in mushrooms. Vertebrates indicated decline in all animals well, as did birds for all vertebrates and vascular plants for all plants. However, butterflies poorly indicated decline in all insects. Random forests are a useful tool to relate rarity and decline to species attributes thereby making it possible to generalize rarity and decline to a wider set of species groups. Random forests can be used to estimate the level of threat to complete faunas and floras of countries or regions. In regions like the Netherlands, conservation policy based on attributes known to be relevant for the decline to birds, vertebrates or plants will probably also impact all aboveground terrestrial and freshwater macrofauna or macrophytes.
Phenotypic plasticity of coralline algae in a High CO2 world
Authors: Ragazzola Federica , Foster Laura C. , Form Armin U. , Büscher Janina , Hansteen Thor H. , Fietzke Jan
Published: August 2013

It is important to understand how marine calcifying organisms may acclimatize to ocean acidification to assess their survival over the coming century. We cultured the cold water coralline algae, Lithothamnion glaciale, under elevated pCO2 (408, 566, 770, and 1024 μatm) for 10 months. The results show that the cell (inter and intra) wall thickness is maintained, but there is a reduction in growth rate (linear extension) at all elevated pCO2. Furthermore a decrease in Mg content at the two highest CO2 treatments was observed. Comparison between our data and that at 3 months from the same long‐term experiment shows that the acclimation differs over time since at 3 months, the samples cultured under high pCO2 showed a reduction in the cell (inter and intra) wall thickness but a maintained growth rate. This suggests a reallocation of the energy budget between 3 and 10 months and highlights the high degree plasticity that is present. This might provide a selective advantage in future high CO2 world.
Dioecy, more than monoecy, affects plant spatial genetic structure: the case study of Ficus
Authors: Nazareno Alison G. , Alzate‐Marin Ana L. , Pereira Rodrigo Augusto S.
Published: August 2013

In this analysis, we attempt to understand how monoecy and dioecy drive spatial genetic structure (SGS) in plant populations. For this purpose, plants of the genus Ficus were used as a comparative model due to their particular characteristics, including high species diversity, variation in life histories, and sexual systems. One of the main issues we assessed is whether dioecious fig tree populations are more spatially genetically structured than monoecious populations. Using the Sp statistic, which allows for quantitative comparisons among different studies, we compared the extent of SGS between monoecious and dioecious Ficus species. To broaden our conclusions we used published data on an additional 27 monoecious and dioecious plant species. Furthermore, genetic diversity analyses were performed for two monoecious Ficus species using 12 microsatellite markers in order to strengthen our conclusions about SGS. Our results show that dioecy, more than monoecy, significantly contributes to SGS in plant populations. On average, the estimate of Sp was six times higher for dioecious Ficus species than monoecious Ficus species and it was two times higher in dioecious than monoecious plant species. Considering these results, we emphasize that the long‐distance pollen dispersal mechanism in monoecious Ficus species seems to be the dominant factor in determining weak spatial genetic structure, high levels of genetic diversity, and lack of inbreeding. Although Ficus constitute a model species to study SGS, a more general comparison encompassing a wider range of plants is required in order to better understand how sexual systems affect genetic structure.
Mitochondrial and cytosolic roles of PINK1 shape induced regulatory T‐cell development and function
Authors: Ellis Gavin I. , Zhi Lianteng , Akundi Ravi , Büeler Hansruedi , Marti Francesc
Published: August 2013

Mutations in PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a serine/threonine kinase linked to familial early‐onset Parkinsonism, compromise mitochondrial integrity and metabolism and impair AKT signaling. As the activation of a naïve T cell requires an AKT‐dependent reorganization of a cell's metabolic machinery, we sought to determine if PINK1‐deficient T cells lack the ability to undergo activation and differentiation. We show that CD4+ T cells from PINK1 knockout mice fail to properly phosphorylate AKT upon activation, resulting in reduced expression of the IL‐2 receptor subunit CD25. Following, deficient IL‐2 signaling mutes the activation‐induced increase in respiratory capacity and mitochondrial membrane potential. Under polarization conditions favoring the development of induced regulatory T cells, PINK1−/− T cells exhibit a reduced ability to suppress bystander T‐cell proliferation despite normal FoxP3 expression kinetics. Our results describe a critical role for PINK1 in integrating extracellular signals with metabolic state during T‐cell fate determination, and may have implications for the understanding of altered T‐cell populations and immunity during the progression of active Parkinson's disease or other immunopathologies.
Glycerol – A Non‐Innocent Solvent for Rh‐Catalysed Pauson–Khand Carbocyclisations
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Dubrulle Laurent , Fourmy Kevin , Durand Jérôme , Madec David , Gómez Montserrat
Published: August 2013

Rh‐catalysed carbocyclisations of the 1,6‐enynes 1–8 efficiently gave bicyclo[3.3.0]octenones in neat glycerol. Unexpectedly, ligand‐free [Rh(μ‐OMe)(cod)]2 was highly selective. Moreover, TPPTS [tris(3‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphane trisodium salt] improved the catalyst performance at low Rh/L ratios, but surprisingly, ligand excess blocked the reaction. Detailed NMR studies evidenced the role of glycerol in the catalytic process.
A Mach‐uniform preconditioner for incompressible and subsonic flows
Authors: Bas Onur , Tuncer Ismail H. , Kaynak Unver
Published: August 2013

In this study, a novel Mach‐uniform preconditioning method is developed for the solution of Euler equations at low subsonic and incompressible flow conditions. In contrast to the methods developed earlier in which the conservation of mass equation is preconditioned, in the present method, the conservation of energy equation is preconditioned, which enforces the divergence free constraint on the velocity field even at the limiting case of incompressible, zero Mach number flows. Despite most preconditioners, the proposed Mach‐uniform preconditioning method does not have a singularity point at zero Mach number. The preconditioned system of equations preserves the strong conservation form of Euler equations for compressible flows and recovers the artificial compressibility equations in the case of zero Mach number. A two‐dimensional Euler solver is developed for validation and performance evaluation of the present formulation for a wide range of Mach number flows. The validation cases studied show the convergence acceleration, stability, and accuracy of the present Mach‐uniform preconditioner in comparison to the non‐preconditioned compressible flow solutions. The convergence acceleration obtained with the present formulation is similar to those of the well‐known preconditioned system of equations for low subsonic flows and to those of the artificial compressibility method for incompressible flows. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.