bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
منظمات المجتمع المدني ودورها في مكافحة التطرف في العراق
Authors: صباح أحمد حازم , وكاع عجيل عماد
Published: May 2023

يمكننا القول ان لمنظمات المجتمع المدني دوراً كبيراً في مكافحة التطرف والارهاب والعنف، وتأتى أهمية منظمات المجتمع المدني كونها وسیطاً بین الفرد والمجتمع والمواطن والدولة، وهي لا تقوم إلا على أساس المواطنة والدیمقراطیة والتعایش، وهي بدورها تعزز وترسخ قیم واستحقاقات المواطنة والدیمقراطیة والتعایش لذلك تتعدد ادوارها ومهامها في مواجهة الإرهاب بتعددها وتنوعها وانتشارها في المجتمع، لذلك من الاهمية اشراك منظمات المجتمع المدني في وضع وتخطيط استراتيجيات وبرامج وخطط لمواجهة‌ الإرهاب في المجالات الفكرية والثقافية والفنية والاجتماعية للتأكید على علاقة الشراكة بین الحكومة ومنظمات المجتمع المدني، ابتداءً من التخطیط إلى التنفیذ وانتهاءً بالتقییم، مما یتطلب شكلاً جدیداً من الإدارة العامة تضمن عملیة تطویر السیاسات العامة للدولة، وفي صیاغة التشریعات، وفي صنع القرار، وتنفیذ استراتیجیات التنمیة ومواجهة الإرهاب، وكذلك لرصد وتشخیص مؤشرات الإنذار المبكر في المجتمع, بحكم انتشار مؤسسات المجتمع المدني في كافة انحاء الوطن واحتكاكها اليومي بالمواطنين والاحداث, وقدرتها على رصد التغييرات التي تعطي مؤشرات انذار لتنامي الافكار المتطرفة، ونشر ثقافة التسامح والاستنارة من خلال أنشطتها المتنوعة فإنها تساهم بشكل حقيقي في تحصين المواطنين ضد التطرف والاستجابة لمحاولات تجنيدهم للمنظمات الإرهابية، وكذلك تشجیع برامج وانشطة نشر ثقافة الحوار واحترام الرأي والرأي الآخر، ونبذ ممارسات الاقصاء والتهمیش ضد أي مجموعة عرقیة أو اجتماعیة، ونشر ثقافة إنماء الحس الوطني والوحدة الوطنیة لدى المواطن، والعمل كشريك لمؤسسات الدولة على النهوض بمستوى معيشة الفئات المهمشة وسكان الاحياء العشوائية ومساعدتهم في ايجاد المسكن الآدمي والعمل المنتظم وادماجهم في المجتمع وتمكينهم من التعرف على القيم الانسانية الرفيعة من خلال العروض السينمائية والمسرحية في اماكن اقامتهم وفي مراكز الشباب والاندية ليكونوا على صلة بالثقافة الانسانية والقيم الايجابية من خلال هذه العروض الفنية والندوات الثقافية والاجتماعية, وهذا لا ينفي مسؤولية مؤسسات الدولة في المقام الاول عن توفير الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية للمواطنين .
الضمانات الدستورية لحق الإنسان في التعليم في الدستور العراقي 2005
Authors: سعيد عبد الرضا مصطفى , محمد حمدان علاء الدين
Published: May 2023

توجد مجموعة من الضمانات الدستورية التي تهدف إلى كفالة واحترام الحقوق والحريات العامة بصورة عامة وحق التعليم بصورة خاصة وعدم الاعتداء عليه أو المساس به تقرها النظم الديمقراطية والدساتير الداخلية والتي تشكل جوهراً اساسياً في تمتع الإنسان بحق التعليم. وتتعدد الضمانات التي تساعد على حماية حق التعليم، إلا أن أهمها في تقديرنا والتي نص عليها الدستور العراقي لعام 2005، تكمن في ضرورة وجود دستور مرن ينص على الاخذ بمبدأ سيادة القانون، وتطبيق مبدأ المساواة، وكذلك إقرار مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات. وسنتناول كل منهم في مبحث مستقل.
التعددية الثقافية ونقادها: مقاربات في ادارة التنوع
Authors: عبدالكريم فاضل شاكر
Published: May 2023

تكمن أهمية البحث في تزايد الاهتمام الدولي (منظمات دولية واقليمية ودول ومجتمعات) بموضوع التنوع الثقافي وبدأت العديد من دول العالم تعيد النظر في اوضاع مكوناتها، وتعدل من دساتيرها بما يجعلها قادرة على تأطير التنوع الثقافي والاجتماعي، ومنح تلك الهويات المزيد من الحقوق والمكانة الخاصة والسلطات. وبالتالي اضحت الحاجة ماسة بفعل المتغيرات الخارجية والداخلية إلى القبول بتلك الهويات الثقافية وعدم التنكر لها، والعمل على تأطير ذلك القبول دستوريا وقانونيا وسياسيا. وكذلك تنمية الضمانات القانونية والسياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية الضامنة لتمتع تلك الجماعات بحقوقها كاملة. والاشكالية التي يعالجها البحث هي ظهور مقاربتين رئيسيتين تعاملت مع موضوع التعددية الثقافية، اولاهما؛ مقاربة التعددية الثقافية، ولها باحثون ومفكرون يتبنونها. وثانيهما؛ مقاربة المساواة الليبرالية، وهي جاءت كرد نقدي للمقاربة الاولى. والبحث جاء ليفحص وجهات نظر، وحجج وآراء تلك المقاربات. وتناول البحث دراسة المتغيرات المؤثرة في صعود مقاربة التعددية الثقافية، والتعددية الثقافية ومسألة تصنيف الأقليات، والمعايير المعتمدة في مقاربات التعددية الثقافية، والمقاربة النقدية الموجهة لمقاربة التعددية الثقافية.
التوفيق بين واجبات الدول: مكافحة الإرهاب وحقوق الإنسان
Authors: جبار جدوع العبدلي محمد
Published: May 2023

يعد الإرهاب الظاهرة الأكثر ضرراً في وقتنا الحاضر من خلال أعمال العنف الناتجة عنه ضد الأرواح والأجسام والحريات والممتلكات مما يخل بالسلم والأمن الدوليين أو يهدده، تكون الدول ملزمة بالقيام بواجبها في حفظ الأمن والاستقرار وحماية أرواح مواطنيها وممتلكاتها، ولها في سبيل القيام بواجبها المذكور السلطات اللازمة لمكافحة الإرهاب على أن لا يفض ذلك إلى تقويض حقوق الانسان بشكل تام، وإنما يجب ضمان الحد الأدنى منها على نحو لا يؤثر في السلطات المذكورة، حيث يتم تنظيم تلك السلطات بموجب قوانين داخلية لتكون أعمالها ضمن مبدأ المشروعية ومن امثلتها في العراق قانون مكافحة الإرهاب رقم (13) لسنة 2005 وقانون جهاز مكافحة الإرهاب رقم (31) لسنة 2016 المعدلين، رغم أنها لم تكن بذات النسق لقوانين الدول الاخرى، خاصة ما يتعلق بسلطات أجهزة الأمن في مراقبة أعمال المشتبه بهم في الأعمال الإرهابية وفرض قيود على تحركاتهم كما هو في قوانين الولايات المتحدة وبريطانيا وفرنسا وألمانيا. ومن الجدير بالذكر أيضاً، فإن ضمان محاكمة عادلة يعد أهم ضمان لحماية حقوق الإنسان أثناء أداء الأجهزة الحكومية لواجبها في مكافحة الإرهاب، حيث يجب حماية البريء ومحاسبة مرتكبي الجرائم الإرهابية دون المساس بحقوق المتهم في الدفاع وعدم تعريضه للتعذيب وعدم تأخير محاكمته بلا تأخير غير مبرر والتأكيد على حيادية المحاكم.
لا ارادية الخطر في التأمين على الكسب الفائت - دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: محمد صديق أحمد
Published: May 2023

يعد الكسب الفائت من عناصر التعويض في المسؤولية المدنية, ولكي نستطيع التأمين عليها يستوجب أثبات أن لهذا العنصر فيها خاصية الاحتمالية, ومن ثم لا يكون للإرادة دور في ايقاعها وبالتالي انطباق شرط لا إرادية الخطر التأميني ومن ثم إمكانية التأمين عليها, ويجب الملاحظة أن لشرط لا إرادية الخطر التأميني في الكسب الفائت أثراً في إمكانية التأمين عليها , ويكون ذلك عن طريق استظهار أن خطر كسب الفائت خطراً لا إراديا في نطاق المسؤولية المدنية بصورتيها العقدية والتقصيرية حيث أن المؤمن له اما أن يكون الدائن أو المدين في المسؤولية العقدية، أو يكون المتضرر أو مرتكب الفعل الضار في المسؤولية التقصيرية، وبالتالي فإن شرط لا إرادية الخطر كسمة للتامين بشكل عام والتأمين على الكسب الفائت بشكل خاص يدور مدار الدائن من حيث الاصل في المسؤوليتين ومن ثم نبين أن وقوع خطر الكسب الفائت تكون بشكل لا إرادي.
Türkiye’de Genç Yetişkinlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımları ve Paylaşım Türlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BAŞ Özen , SUNAM AUDRY Aylin , İNCEOĞLU İrem , KAYA Yiğit Bahadir , CÖBEK Gözde , ALKURT Saygın Vedat
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki 18-29 yaş aralığındaki gençlerin hangi sosyal medya platformlarını kullandıklarına, ne kadar sıklıkla kullandıklarına ve bu platformlarda ne tarz içerikler paylaştıklarını incelemektedir. Literatüre katkı olarak, gençlerin sosyal medya kullanım pratiklerinin, paylaşım türlerinin ve motivasyonlarının sosyodemografik özelliklerle (cinsel kimlik, yaş, yaşanılan yer, sosyoekonomik statü, eğitim seviyesi ve dinî kimlik) ilişkisini araştırmaktadır. Türkiye’nin 12 ilinde yaşayan gençlerle gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze anket çalışmamızın (N=1537) bulgularına göre, en çok kullanılan sosyal medya platformları sırasıyla Instagram, YouTube ve Twitter’dır. Bulgular, bir zamanlar gençlerin yoğunlukla kullandığı Facebook’un popülerliğini yitirmeye başladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Gençlerin öğrencilik durumları, sosyoekonomik statüleri, yaşadıkları il ve cinsel kimlikleri ile sosyal medya tercihleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca cinsel kimlik, dinî görüş, sosyoekonomik statü, öğrencilik durumu ve yaşanılan il ile sosyal medyaya paylaşılan içerik türleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamız, ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaların bulgularını kısmen doğrulamakta ve önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’deki genç yetişkinlerin sosyal medya pratiklerine dair güncel bir veri sunmaktadır.
Günümüz Kuran Öğretiminin Bütüncül Bir Yaklaşımla Yeniden Yapılandırılmasına Bir Bakış
Authors: Akkaya Veysel
Published: May 2023

Günümüzde Kur’an-ı Kerim öğretiminin genellikle lafız ve hıfz çerçevesinde olması sebebiyle öğrencilerin Kur’an’la ilişkileri yüzeysel denebilecek düzeyde kalmaktadır. Kur’an onların hayatına yansımamakta, şahsiyetlerini şekillendirmemektedir. O halde yapılması gereken şey Kur’an öğretiminin Asr-ı Saâdet’teki gibi amele yönelik olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesidir. Meseleye bütüncül bir yaklaşımla, tefsir, tefekkür, tatbik ve tebliğ boyutlarının oluşturulması gerekir. Bu aşamalar tatbik edilirken tefsir kısmında Kur’an ilmini alan öğrenci, tefekkür kısmında Kur’an’ı hazmetmelidir. Öğrenciye bildikleri ile amel etmesi için ilgili sure ve ayetler belli bir süre ile hayatlarına tatbik ödevleri verilmelidir. Ardından öğrenciler seviyelerine göre yaşadıkları hususları tebliğ için yönlendirilmelidir. Kur’an’ı Kerim öğretiminde ister Kur’an Kursları ister İmam Hatip Liseleri olsun öğrenilecek ve ezberlenecek bütün sureler aynı minval üzere yapılandırılmalıdır. İlahiyat Fakültesi döneminde de bunlara ek olarak öğrenilecek kısımlar aynı minval üzere devam etmelidir. Kur’ân öğretimi bu şekilde bütüncül yaklaşımla düzenlendiğinde, öğrencilerin Kur’ân’la nitelikli buluşmasına, Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in güzelliklerini keşfetmelerine, Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in en azından bir kısmının hayatlarına anlam katmasını sağlamaya, şahsiyetlerinin Kur’ân-ı Kerîm merkezli şekillenmesine büyük faydaları olacaktır.
EDITORIAL - CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS PROGRAMAS PIBID E RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Antunes de Macêdo Josué
Published: May 2023

Visando contribuir com a formação de professores, este dossiê reúne artigos que contemplam relatos de experiência e pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) e do Programa ResidênciaPedagógica (PRP).
O PIBID é uma ação da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores do Ministério da Educação (MEC), foi implementado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) em 2007 e visa proporcionar aos discentes dos cursos de Licenciaturas a inserção no cotidiano das escolas públicas de educação básica e no contexto em que elas estão inseridas.
O Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP), implantado pela CAPES em 2018, tem por finalidade contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da formação inicial de professores da educação básica nos cursos de licenciatura. O programa busca induzir o aperfeiçoamento da formação prática nos cursos de licenciatura, promovendo a imersão do licenciando na escola de educação básica, a partir da segunda metade de seu curso.
Os dois programas (PIBID e PRP) buscam valorizar o magistério e promover a troca de experiências e interação entre as escolas de Educação Básica e as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Os programas PIBID e PRP oportunizam aos seus licenciandos a vivência da prática e do dia a dia da escola de educação básica, durante a sua formação inicial, contribuindo assim com a formação de professores e com a melhoria do ensino nas escolas de educação básica.
Os integrantes dos programas PIBID e PRP, licenciandos, professores da educação básica e professores das IES, contam assim com um espaço de formação em serviço que valoriza a prática docente e as aprendizagens colaborativas.
Nesse ambiente, muitos trabalhos são produzidos pelos licenciandos, juntamente com os professores. Entre esses trabalhos, podemos citar o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos, jogos, projetos, experimentos, metodologias diferenciadas que contribuem como processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Divulgar esses trabalhos é uma forma de mostrar para a sociedade o quanto esses programas são importantes na formação inicial e continuada de professores e na dinamização das práticas escolares em sala de aula.
Neste sentido, o leitor terá no presente volume especial da Revista ReviVale diversas pesquisas em ensino, desenvolvidas em diferentes partes do Brasil, nas diversas licenciatura, contemplando assim artigos, relatos, análises e críticas dos programas deformação de professores PIBID e PRP. Boa leitura!
Social Reproduction and Out-Of-School Tutoring Institutions in China: A Critical Exploration of the Issue
Authors: Xue Rui
Published: May 2023

This paper takes a look at China’s “double reduction policy” of recent years, which restricts the out-of-school tutoring services, and analyses the characteristics of China’s working and middle classes in terms of educating the next generation and accessing education, as well as the differences between these groups in terms of external factors, including economic and cultural capital, and internal factors, mainly habits. In this way, it is possible to investigate whether the “double reduction policy” introduced by the Chinese government to safeguard the rights of students and parents to an equitable education can really safeguard the development of an equitable education in China’s complex social environment, or whether the forced banning of out-of-school tutoring services has a more negative impact on the disadvantaged classes. In addition, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the different classes, some suggestions are given to guarantee equity in education and the rights of different classes.
The Use of L-Arginine in Hypertension: An Educational Article and Expert Opinion
Authors: Aamir Al-Mosawi
Published: May 2023

Background: Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor for the development of essential hypertension’s-arginine is an amino acid that is considered the biological precursor of nitric oxide which is an important contributor to microvascular vasodilation and to the reduction atherosclerosis. L-arginine has been recognized as safe (GRAS-status) when taken in an oral dose of up to 20 g daily. Patients and Methods: A 49-year male patient was recently found to be hypertensive on a routine check, and was advised to take an antihypertensive medication, but he requested treatment with health supplement initially to avoid the development of impotence attributed to antihypertensive medications. Results: The patient was recently found to be hypertensive on a routine check (Blood pressure: 160/110 mmHg), and was advised to take an antihypertensive medication, but he requested treatment with health supplement initially to avoid the development of impotence attributed to antihypertensive medications. The patient was treated with a unique approach under close supervision to avoid the development of hypertensive complication. He received oral l-arginine 3g daily before breakfast taken with lemon juice for its antioxidant vitamin C content. Within less than one week, his blood pressure normalized (Blood pressure: 135/85 mmHg). Conclusion: Oral L-arginine has been emerging as a new effective approach of reducing blood through improving endothelial function in hypertensive patients. This paper reports the successful treatment of hypertension with L-arginine.
Definition of “Personal Information” in the Crime of Infringing on Citizens’ Personal Information—From the Perspective of Personal Information Protection Law
Authors: Chang Yan
Published: May 2023

The concept of “personal information” in the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information has always been controversial in the criminal law circle. With the promulgation of the personal information protection law, it is necessary to further analyze the definition of “personal information” in the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information. The legal interest of the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information is not the suprapersonal legal interest, but the personal information right in the personal legal interest. As the core content of personal information right, the essence of information self-determination right is to emphasize citizens’ personal control over information, which is in line with the legislative orientation of the new law. Around the right of information self-determination, personal information without identifiability should not belong to personal information, and the identification object of personal information should also be limited to “natural persons” to prevent the biased application of law in judicial practice.
A Study on Nonlinear Budget Constraint of a Local Industrial Firm of Bangladesh: A Profit Maximization Investigation
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: May 2023

Every local or global firm expects to achieve maximum profit for its survival in sustainable economic environment. This article considers that a local industrial firm of Bangladesh has achieved maximum profit during its total operation. So that this study directly tries to calculate maximum profit and also Lagrange multiplier for profit maximization investigation by the consideration of nonlinear budget constraint. In this study Cobb-Douglas production function is considered as profit function to operate mathematical procedures. Method of Lagrange multiplier is also applied here to obtain accurate results.
Teachers’ Motivation as a Correlate to Secondary School Students’ Achievement in English Language in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwanneka Onuoha Juliana , Nwobi Esther Uchenna , N. Agwu Sunday
Published: May 2023

The study was on Teachers’ motivation as a correlate to secondary school students’ achievement in English language in Nsukka education zone Enugu State, Nigeria. The study sought to find out how teacher’s motivation correlates with student’s academic achievement in English Language in secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Four specific purposes were formulated to guide the study. Four research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the conduct of the study. The design of the study was correlational research design and the population of the study was one hundred and twenty-twoo (122) English language teachers and one hundred and twenty-four (124) SS II students in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. The instrument used for data collection was Teachers’ Motivation Rating Scale (TMRS) for English language teachers and English Language Achievement Test (ELAT) for the students. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination (r2) for all the research questions and t-cal and t-cri (sig t) were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: teachers’ condition of service, provision of incentives to teachers, provision of adequate instructional materials for teaching and school leadership all had a very high relationship/correlation with students’ academic achievement in English language, and there were no significant relationship between teachers’ condition of service, provision of incentives for teachers, provision of adequate instructional materials for teaching and school leadership and students’ academic achievement in English language. Based on these findings, the researcher made some recommendations.
Measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone by revised Gen II or automated assay: Reproducibility under various blood/serum storage conditions
Authors: Lee Joong Yeup , Kim Chung Hyon , Choe Seung-Ah , Seo Soyeon , Kim Seok Hyun
Published: May 2023

Objective: We investigated the agreement between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels measured with revised Gen II (rev-Gen II) and automated AMH (Access) assays and evaluated the reproducibility of each method under various blood/serum storage conditions.Methods: AMH levels in blood samples from 74 volunteers were measured by rev-Gen II and Access assays under various conditions: immediate serum separation and AMH measurement (fresh control); serum stored at –20 °C and AMH measured after 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 years; serum stored at 0 to 4 °C and AMH measured after 48 hours and 1 week; and blood kept at room temperature and delayed serum separation after 48 hours and 1 week, with immediate AMH measurement.Results: In fresh controls, all rev-Gen II-AMH values were higher than comparable Access-AMH values (difference, 8.3% to 19.7%). AMH levels measured with the two methods were strongly correlated for all sample conditions (r=0.977 to 0.995, all p<0.001). For sera stored at –20 °C or 0 to 4 °C for 48 hours, Access-AMH values were comparable to control measurements, but rev-Gen II-AMH values were significantly lower. AMH levels in sera stored at –20 °C or 0 to 4 °C for 1 week were significantly lower than in fresh controls, irrespective of method. Across methods, long-term storage at –20 °C for 2 years yielded AMH measurements significantly higher than control values. When serum separation was delayed, rev-Gen II-AMH values were significantly lower than control measurements, but Access-AMH values varied.Conclusion: The rev-Gen II and Access-AMH assays showed varying reproducibility across blood/serum storage conditions, but automated Access yielded superior stability to rev-Gen II.
Pemanfaatan Permainan Dakon Bervisi Sets Dalam Menanamkan Karakter Siswa Selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Ela Suryani  , Kartika Yuni Purwanti  , Fiktina Vifri Ismiriyam
Published: May 2023

The SETS vision dakon game is a form of traditional game combined with a learning process by linking science, environment, technology, and society. With the SETS vision dakon game, it is hoped that teachers will be able to instill character values ​​during distance learning because this game can be done at home. The method used is community development through the following stages: 1) preparation; 2) introduction; 3) implementation; 4) monitoring; and 5) evaluation. The results of this PkM show that the character values ​​that have been embedded in the sixth grade students of SDN Susukan are 1) honest as much as 90.9% in the very good category, 2) intelligent as much as 63.6% in the good category, 3) fair as much as 77, 2% in good category, 4) cooperation as much as 86.3% in very good category, 5) firm as much as 68.1% in good category, 6) imagination as much as 59% with good enough category, 7) ambitious as much as 100% with very good category, 8) brave as much as 81.8% with very good category, and 9) attention as much as 86.3% with very good category.
Nachrichtendienstforschung aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Helmig Jan
Published: May 2023

Die Auseinandersetzung mit Nachrichtendiensten fristet in der deutschen Politikwissenschaft ein Nischendasein. Die wenigen zu findenden Arbeiten orientieren sich vielfach an neorealistischen Ansätzen. Dabei bieten gerade postmoderne Herangehensweisen lohnende Ansätze, um die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Funktionen und der Bedeutung von Nachrichtendiensten für Politik und Gesellschaft zu suchen. Critical Intelligence Studies stoßen zunehmend in diese Lücke und ermöglichen gewinnbringende Erkenntnisse zur Arbeit und Rolle von Nachrichtendiensten. Systemtheoretische Herangehensweisen erlauben dahingehend eine Vertiefung, indem sie zum einen die besondere Bedeutung von Geheimnissen und Geheimhaltung als zentrale kommunikative Aspekte von Nachrichtendiensten herausstellen und zum anderen damit verbundene Komplexitätssteigerungen als Mittel der Komplexitätsreduktion nachzeichnen. Damit wird der Nachrichtendienstforschung eine weitere Facette hinzugefügt.
Die nukleare Dimension des Ukraine-Kriegs
Authors: Kühn Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine begann mit einer nuklearen Drohung Putins gegen den Westen. Es folgten weitere, teils noch deutlichere Drohungen des Kremls. Der Westen nimmt diese und die generelle Gefahr eines russischen Nuklearwaffeneinsatzes ernst und warnt vor den möglichen Konsequenzen; betont aber auch, dass es bisher keine konkreten Anzeichen für einen möglichen Einsatz gäbe. Warum kam es in Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine bisher nicht zum Einsatz nuklearer Waffen? Ausgehend von rationalistischen, normativen und kooperativ-formalisierten Theorien und Modellen zum Nichteinsatz beleuchtet dieser Forumsbeitrag die nukleare Praxis des Kriegs und vergleicht sie mit den in der Literatur zu findenden Erklärungen. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Schluss, dass sich der bisherige Nichteinsatz nur teilweise mit den vorhandenen Theorien erklären lässt. Aus diesem Umstand und aus dem Fakt, dass der Krieg bereits eine Reihe neuer nuklearer Phänomene geschaffen hat, ergeben sich offene Fragen und blinde Flecken der Forschung, die eine weitere wissenschaftliche Befassung rechtfertigen.
Perspective Chapter: Dental Home – A Neglected Primary Oral Health Care Concept
Authors: Patil Krishna , Davalbhakta Rucha , Kaur Buneet , P Sujatha , Patil Smita , Shinde Siddharth , Jagtap Chetana
Published: May 2023

Tooth decay, if left untreated even in the earliest stages of life, can have serious implications for a child’s long-term health and well-being. Early preventive care is a sound health and economic investment. Dental assessments and evaluations for children during their first year of life have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Association of Pediatrics (ADA). Establishment of dental home and use of anticipatory guidance is one of the concepts in comprehensive oral health care. AAPD and ADA support the concept of a “dental home,” which is the ongoing relationship between the dentist and the patient. Establishing a dental home means that a child’s oral health care is managed in a comprehensive, continuously accessible, coordinated, and family-centered way by a licensed dentist. The dental professional’s ability to provide optimal oral health care, beginning from when the child is 1-year-old, dental visit leading to preventive care and treatment as part of an overall oral health care foundation for life, is enhanced by dental home. The establishment of the dental home also assures appropriate referral to dental specialists when availability of direct care is not possible within the dental home.
Influence of Wind Incidence Angle on the Cooling of Rooftop-Mounted Solar Panels
Authors: Ahmadi Moghaddam Hadi , Phillips Matthew , Tkachenko Svetlana , Timchenko Victoria
Published: May 2023

The cooling of PV panels is crucial because their electrical output and lifespan are adversely affected as their operating temperature rises. Considering wind current cooling impacts on the rooftop-mounted solar panels, adopting the local climate conditions such as dominant wind patterns is recommended to the building sector so that new buildings are placed considering the local wind directions. A 3D CFD model employing the URANS approach is developed to show the impacts of wind direction on the cooling rate of a PV panel installed on the surface of a slanted roof. The radiation effect is considered using the surface-to-surface radiation model. Two free stream velocities of 2 and 5 m/s and seven wind angles between 0 and 180 degrees are modelled. The results showed an optimum incidence angle at which the panel experiences lower temperatures. At wind angles below 90 degrees where there is direct contact between the wind flow and PV surfaces, the convective cooling rate is higher which in turn decreases the PV temperature. However, at higher angles, due to the presence of walls and edges of the structure, the wind flow is redirected resulting in the formation of wind flow separation. Therefore, convective cooling degrades, and PV experiences higher temperatures.
Knowledge and Understanding of the Forest Peoples and the Protection of Their Intangible and Material Heritage in the Context of the Technological Society
Authors: Hugo Nunes Villas Boas Vitor , Anthony Steveson Villas Boas Marco , Paschoal Teixeira de Castro Oliveira Gustavo
Published: May 2023

The multiple revolutions of the last 300 years have produced a technological development, that has materialized in a process of socioeconomic and cultural mutation which has ahead paths to be trodden that can promote benefits to humanity and the environment or lead to its destruction. The peoples of the forest, among them the indigenous, bring with them the knowledge that is at risk, both of disappearing and of being appropriate for purposes other than those currently used. This chapter sought, from an exploratory perspective and from a qualitative approach, to present some reflections to the problem involving which measures, and philosophical conceptions should guide the protection of knowledge of forest peoples and the biodiversity in which they are inserted. For that, aspects related to the current national and international regulatory framework directed to environmental protection were analyzed. In addition, it also analyzed aspects related to the economic value of biodiversity and knowledge of forest peoples, as well as the need to use new philosophical assumptions that integrate human ecology in its individual dimension, the environment, and social relations that involve human subjectivities, to present a new look, a new way to sociopolitical and legal treatment, the protection of these goods.
Testosterone: The Male Sex Hormone
Authors: Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi , Benneth Ben-Azu , Irikefe Simon Ovuakporaye , Bright Oghenetega Onome , Victor Emojevwe , Y. Faith Falajiki , Godwin Okwute Patrick , Arientare Rume Rotu , Ogheneyebrorue Godswill Okoro , Eze Kingsley Nwangwa
Published: May 2023

Males primarily use testosterone as a sex hormone. Through its effects on the androgen receptor, it is released by the interstitial cells of the testes and is in charge of the male external genitalia development as well as the internal reproductive glands and ducts during adolescence and maturity. Additionally, testosterone is required for the descent of testes via the inguinal canal in the last 2 months of fetal development. When a Y chromosome and consequently the SRY gene are missing from an embryo, ovaries form. The Wolffian ducts do not mature because the fetal ovaries do not release enough testosterone. It is mostly used to treat male hypogonadism. Notably, this chapter addresses the following context: historical view of testosterone research, biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, transport mechanism, biological actions, health benefit of testosterone, factors that promote and inhibit testosterone secretion, therapeutic implication as well as pathophysiology of testosterone secretion.
Regional Literature as Epicenter of the Cultural Heritage – Projections of Literary Tourism in Colombia
Authors: Rubén Pérez Pinzón Luis
Published: May 2023

The literary work of Nobel Prize winner Gabriel García Marquez, associated with “magic realism” and the “Latin American boom,” has fostered the management of urban tourist routes whose purpose is to reconstruct the spaces and events associated with his characters and memories in the Colombian Caribbean. The results of these efforts may be suitable for the promotion of literary tourism experiences based on the life and work of unknown local writers. The chapter describes the conceptions of literary tourism proposed from regional experiences, the original efforts of public publishers to promote the visit to Santander for recreating the personality and imaginaries about the Santanderean by the most recognized authors and the proposals in tours of literary tourism carried out by student-researchers when studying the life and literary work of the most representative literary authors of the Santanderean provinces. The research corresponds to the qualitative approach and the hermeneutic method, for which were contrasted the national and international scientific publications on literary tourism and the literary works that were created and published to exalt the Santanderean. Literary tourism is not a priority for cultural and touristic politics but is an alternative to strengthen literary creation and cultural identity.
Paraoxonase in Nervous System
Authors: Vijay Rojekar Mohit , Sunil Dandegonker Kaushalraj , Ghanghurde Swati
Published: May 2023

The paraoxonase (PON) family consists of—PON1, PON2 and PON3 which are anti-oxidative, any dysfunction in their action, has been suggested to play a role in the pathobiology of diseases having a chronic inflammatory component. PON1 is the most studied which has paraoxonase, arylesterase, thiolactonase, and anti-oxidant actions. Studies have shown the association between lowered PON1 activity and increased incidence of ischemic stroke, dementia, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It may occur due to increased oxidative stress and/or prolonged exposure to organophosphates, and reduced capacity of the body to counter these stresses due to reduced PON1 function. PON2 has arylesterase, lactonase, and antioxidant properties. Under-expression of PON2 is associated with Parkinson Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and over-expression with tumors with glioblastoma. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the role of PON2 in the pathobiology of the said diseases. PON3 is least studied. The PON family, to some extent, interacts with acetylcholine esterase (AChE), as both share the same locus, and PONs degrade the inhibitors of AChE, especially the organophosphates. This could probably have significant role in the development of Parkinson disease and the prognosis of the treatment of Alzheimer disease by AChE inhibitors.
A New Era of RNA Personalized Vaccines for Cancer and Cancer-Causing Infectious Diseases
Authors: Ayala Pazzi Ana , Vij Puneet , Salhadar Nura , George Elias , K. Tripathi Manish
Published: May 2023

RNA vaccines for cancer and cancer-causing infectious agents are recognized as new therapeutics and are perceived as potential alternatives to conventional vaccines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and infections (certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites) are linked to about 15–20% of cancers. Since the last decade, developments in genomics methodologies have provided a valuable tool to analyze the specific mutations, fusions, and translocations of the driver genes in specific cancer tissues. The landscape of the mutations identified by genome sequencing and data analysis can be a vital route to personalized medicine. This chapter will discuss the present state of mRNA vaccine development and ongoing clinical trials in oncology.
The Geomagnetic Field Transformants and Their Complexing with Data of Gravitational, Thermal and Radioactive Fields: During the Exploration of Hydrocarbon Fields at the Southern Part of the Ustyurt Region
Authors: Auez Egemberdievich Abetov , Sharbanu Bakhytovna Yessirkepova , Barbosa Curto Ma Julia
Published: May 2023

The chapter discusses the results of the interpretation of aeromagnetic survey data in the southern part of the Ustyurt region in order to identify zones that are heterogeneous in magnetic properties, with their subsequent tie-up with areas promising for the detection of hydrocarbon accumulations. Three tectonic elements are distinguished—the Central Ustyurt system of disturbances, the Shakhpakhty step and the Assakeaudan depression according to the sign, orientation and quantitative values of the transformants of the geomagnetic field, and, consequently, according to the depth and extent of distribution of magnetized rocks, based on the degree of deformation of lithological-stratigraphic complexes and levels by deep faults. Within these tectonic elements, the transformants of the geomagnetic field were comprehensively interpreted with the data of gravitational, thermal and radiochemical fields to increase the reliability of the results of geological interpretation. This made it possible to study the behavior and characteristics of faults, to draw conclusions about the depth of gravitational and magnetically disturbing masses, about the degree of geological heterogeneity of large geostructures, as well as to trace the nature of the manifestation of local structures in geophysical fields. The Central Ustyurt system of dislocation, the Shakhpakhty step and the Assakeaudan depression differ in varying degrees of active tectonics and differentiation by the degree of dislocation of oil and gas prospective objects, fragmentation by faults, by the extent of distribution of reservoir rocks and oil and gas source suite, conditions of conservation of hydrocarbon accumulations, directions and channels of probable hydrocarbon migration, and assumptions are made about the relationship of oil and gas prospective structures and explored hydrocarbon field with large deep faults. The author’s studies of transformants of magnetic and gravitational fields, geothermal and aerogamma spectrometry data clearly indicate in favor of the prospects of oil and gas potential of local structures of the Shakhpakhty step: Utezhan, Kozhantai, Northern Kozhantai, Otynshy. In general, the results obtained will serve as a reliable basis for clarifying and detailing the geological and structural-formation models of the Southern Ustyurt, which can be used as the basis for the design of geological exploration for the exploration of new hydrocarbon field using expensive and time-consuming seismic exploration of CDP-3D and deep drilling.
Graphene-Based Plasmonic Terahertz Laser Transistors
Authors: Otsuji Taiichi
Published: May 2023

This chapter reviews recent advances in the research of graphene-based plasmonic terahertz laser transistors. Optically or electrically pumped graphene works as a gain medium in the terahertz frequency range. The author’s group theoretically discovered this fact and experimentally verified the single mode terahertz emission, as well as broadband terahertz amplified spontaneous emission from fabricated graphene-channel field-effect transistor (GFET) laser chips. However, its lasing threshold temperature was low (100 K) and emission intensity was weak. To drastically improve the laser performance, the introduction of graphene Dirac plasmons (GDPs) as the gain booster is promising. The author’s group found a novel way to promote the current-driven instability of the GDPs in an asymmetric dual-grating-gate GFET, demonstrating room-temperature amplification of stimulated emission of terahertz radiation with the maximal gain of 9% which is four times larger than the quantum-mechanical limit when terahertz photons directly interact with graphene electrons without excitation of the GDPs. The author also proposes the active controlling of the parity and time-reversal symmetries of the GDPs as a paradigm towards ultrafast direct gain switching in the GFET lasers. Future directions to unite the gain seed and amplifier sections in a single GFET structure will be addressed with several feasible scenarios.
Audiovisual Music from the Audience’s Viewpoint
Authors: Porta-Navarro Amparo
Published: May 2023

The music of everyday life crosses areas whose borders are blurred, takes place on screens and forms part of the trinomial that connects it with the visual and narrative realms. This space of high emotional tension is created with characters, settings, stories and roles, and is of a spectacular nature. All this allows it to provide meaning, which confirms the need for this study. This work looks into audiovisual music and its connections with the narrative, image and story. To perform this approach, we will study the leitmotif, music as a figure and background, diegetic/extra-diegetic music and emotions from the audience’s viewpoint. Furthermore, to explore intermediality we will use a mixed method, with tools that include bibliographic reviews, content analyses and maps. With them, we will carry out relational and specific studies, while analysing the connections between music, image and narrative. This study explores the audiovisual experience and its perceptions through music.
Aquifer Management in Hydrocarbon Exploitation Operations
Authors: Fernando Escobar John , Naranjo-Fernández Darío , Lopera Sergio , Mauricio Quiroz Orlando , Ocampo Alonso , Zarate German
Published: May 2023

The exploration and production of hydrocarbons require the management of associated aquifers not only because they must be intercepted and isolated during the drilling process, but also because they can be used as reservoirs for the final disposal of connate water, or as a source to maintain the energy of reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery operations. Despite the technological advances in the management of aquifers in the hydrocarbon industry, these kinds of operations have not been free of risks and opposition. Primary oil exploitation, improved oil recovery, and disposal of remaining water operations usually involve medium and deep aquifers that have physical, chemical, and geomechanical characteristics that may differ greatly from those known in shallow aquifers. Therefore, a detailed study of the porous media as well as the contained, produced, or reinjected fluids is an obligation for the regulation compliments and the safe handling of these operations. This chapter deals with issues associated with the chemical interaction of water, the problems that may arise from an incorrect evaluation or management, and the phenomena that can show a problem or evolution in injection operations. Finally, corrective, and preventive treatments and procedures that are commonly used in the hydrocarbon industry are specified.
Clinical Usefulness of Real-time Sensory Compensation Feedback Training on Sensorimotor Dysfunction after Stroke
Authors: Kodama Takayuki , Kitai Ken
Published: May 2023

The sensory dysfunction after the stroke also greatly affects motor function. In particular, it is known that the presence of sensory dysfunction in the fingers causes loss of somatosensory muscle reflex control and excessive muscle output when grasping objects. These are called sensorimotor dysfunction and have been shown to have a significant impact on prognosis. One element to improve this dysfunction is to reconstruct the “Sense of Agency (SOA) subject feeling” and it has become clear that SOA is enhanced by matching the collation information related to motor intention and sensory feedback in time. In order to reconstruct the SOA associated with the movement of the fingers of patients with sensorimotor dysfunction, it is important to match motor intentions while using visual information as compensation for tactile sensory information. Furthermore, considering the functional characteristics of the fingers, it is also important to adjust the fine muscle output from feedback information synchronously discriminating and recognizing somatosensory information generated by resistance, friction, etc., when an object is actively touched. This chapter outlines the importance of rehabilitation of sensory feedback for poststroke sensorimotor dysfunction and investigates the usefulness of intervention with a real-time sensory compensation feedback system that can input tactile sensory information via vibratory stimulation (deep sensation) to other body parts where sensory function is preserved.
VV-ECMO in Respiratory Insufficiency
Authors: K. Hayat Syed Muhammad , Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin , Vaughan Hillary , Surani Salim
Published: May 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has advanced significantly in the last few decades. Although not FDA-approved in the United States for respiratory insufficiency, it is widely used to support cardiac and pulmonary function via Venoarterial (VA) and Venovenous (VV) ECMO, respectively. In the patient with worsening respiratory failure VV-ECMO is considered a salvaging therapy that gives patients’ lungs time to heal or as a bridge to lung transplant. Clinicians use tools like the Murray score to initiate a referral for VV-ECMO using indices like oxygen requirement, pulmonary compliance, and bilateral opacities. Early referral for VV-ECMO within 7 days of intubation has shown better results. Important factors that are considered in ECMO candidacy are patients’ age, comorbid conditions, and chronic conditions that would affect patients’ overall longevity. Extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) gets data from ECMO centers worldwide and has general recommendations for centers guiding treatment and management. During the COVID pandemic, there was a huge surge in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and rampant use of VV-ECMO for COVID-ARDS. Data from various centers have helped us understand the appropriate use of VV-ECMO for ARDS and other causes of hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Early referral and careful screening for the patient for ECMO are of paramount importance for a better outcome.
Evaluating DSGE Models: From Calibration to Cointegration
Authors: Karlsen Kivedal Bjørnar
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the historical development of estimating new Keynesian dynamic stochastic equilibrium (DSGE) models. I focus, in particular, on how cointegration can be used in order to test and estimate the relationships in these models using a simple RBC model as an example. Empirical evaluation of a model is critical to validate the theory, and this should be an essential step when analyzing DSGE models. The chapter illustrates the use of various estimation techniques when estimating DSGE models and compares these methods to using cointegration when estimating and evaluating DSGE models.
Chemistry of Camel Milk Proteins in Food Processing
Authors: Lajnaf Roua , Attia Hamadi , Ali Ayadi Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Camel milk and its extracted protein fractions were found to provide various potential techno-functional properties which can be used in the food industry. This chapter summarizes existing knowledge on camel milk protein’s chemistry to explain the different reactions and their control for the major processes utilized by the modern milk processing industry. The composition and chemical properties of camel milk proteins including caseins and whey proteins are investigated. The effect of processing upon denaturation, aggregation, and destabilization of milk proteins is updated. Technological consequences of thermal processing as well as techno-functional properties of camel milk proteins are also described in different techno-functional properties including foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties. This chapter aims to improve camel milk production and consumption worldwide not only in the arid countries and the hot regions.
The Relationship of Some Neurodegenerative Diseases with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Histopathological Changes in These Diseases: An Overview
Authors: Kara Adem , Gelen Volkan , Kara Hülya
Published: May 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for protein production in the cell and provides hemostasis in the cell. ER stress is stimulated by folded proteins, while the unfolded protein response (UPR) creates a response to ER stress and provides the cell survival. UPR modulation in mammals is provided with three major ER stress sensors, including transmembrane kinase 1, protein kinase-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6. Because neurons are susceptible to misfolded proteins, severe or prolonged ER stress activates apoptotic cell death signals in the cell. Neurodegenerative diseases characterized by this condition are Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease, characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins. In addition, ER stress can lead to depression, schizophrenia, sleep disruption, and post-traumatic stress disorders. Neurons are highly susceptible to protein misfolding and apoptotic cell death. For this reason, UPR modulation contributes to preventing the neurodegenerative process in cells with misfolded protein folding. The relationship between ER stress, UPR, and neuropathology is significant for understanding this process. This section will discuss the effects of ER stress between UPR modulation and neurodegenerative disorders, and the histopathological changes in the mentioned neurodegenerative diseases will be mentioned.