bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovarian changes and development of the branchial placenta occurring in Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinodontiformes, Anablepidae)
Authors: Di Cesare Luca , Barbeito Claudio G. , Santamaría‐Martín Carlos , Montes Martín M. , Uribe Mari C. , Plaul Silvia E.
Published: August 2023

In viviparous teleosts, intraovarian gestation occurs intrafollicularly, as in poeciliids, or intraluminally, as in goodeids and anablepids. Furthermore, there are two different forms of embryonic nutrition: lecithotrophy and matrotrophy; depending on the species, these can be exclusive or coexist during gestation. In matrotrophic species, nutrients are transmitted from the mother to the embryo and are especially important in species with intraluminal gestation. Jenynsia lineata is a South American viviparous teleost with intraluminal gestation, characterized by eggs with scarce yolk, which is resorbed when embryos are 6 mm long, thus developing a branchial placenta. Using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques, the present study describes the characteristics and changes of the ovarian mucosa in J. lineata during gestational and nongestational phases, and analyzes the embryonic pharyngeal epithelium in the branchial placenta. The ovaries of 30 adult female specimens were processed using histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Alcian Blue pH 2.5/periodic acid Schiff reagent. To detect cell proliferation, we used antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. In nonpregnant females, eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) and lymphocytes were identified in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and fibroblasts were identified adjacent to tissue debris in the ovarian folds'. In the cellular debris, an embryo in resorption was observed. In pregnant females, the ovarian mucosa has thin vascularization branches entering the opercular chamber of the embryos, in close contact with the forming gill processes, thereby establishing a branchial placenta. Active cell replacement was observed in these ovarian branches. The identification of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, EGCs, and MMCs adjacent to tissue debris could indicate that these cell types are involved in the embryonic resorption process. Considering the new data obtained in this study on the branchial placenta of J. lineata, we conclude that cell proliferation could be involved in the development of maternal–embryonic interaction.
Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2‐year COVID‐19 convalescents
Authors: Liu Maoshun , Zhang Jie , Li Lei , Tian Jinmin , Yang Mengjie , Shang Bingli , Wang Xin , Li Min , Li Hongmei , Yue Can , Yao Sijia , Lin Ying , Guo Yuanyuan , Zong Kexin , Zhang Danni , Zhao Yingze , Cai Kun , Dong Shaobo , Xu Shengping , Zhan Jianbo , Gao George F. , Liu William J.
Published: August 2023

Over 3 years, humans have experienced multiple rounds of global transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants. In addition, the widely used vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 involve multiple strategies of development and inoculation. Thus, the acquired immunity established among humans is complicated, and there is a lack of understanding within a panoramic vision. Here, we provided the special characteristics of the cellular and humoral responses in 2‐year convalescents after inactivated vaccines, in parallel to vaccinated COVID‐19 naïve persons and unvaccinated controls. The decreasing trends of the IgG, IgA, and NAb, but not IgM of the convalescents were reversed by the vaccination. Both cellular and humoral immunity in convalescents after vaccination were higher than the vaccinated COVID‐19 naïve persons. Notably, inoculation with inactivated vaccine fueled the NAb to BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in 2‐year convalescents, much higher than the NAb during 6 months and 1 year after symptoms onset. And no obvious T cell escaping to the S protein was observed in 2‐year convalescents after inoculation. The study provides insight into the complicated features of human acquired immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 and variants in the real world, indicating that promoting vaccine inoculation is essential for achieving herd immunity against emerging variants, especially in convalescents.
Latent heat flux variability over the tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Mohan Soumya , Ruchith R. D. , Rahul S. , Shanas P. R.
Published: August 2023

The seasonal evolution and interannual variability of latent heat flux (LHF) over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) region is examined for the period 1980–2019. The seasonal distribution of LHF is dominated by the winter pattern of each hemisphere in the TIO. Climatologically high LHF is mostly confined to the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions in the north Indian Ocean and the zonal belt between 10oS and 25oS in the south Indian Ocean. Warm and cold phases of El‐Niño Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and their co‐occurrence events leave distinct LHF signatures over the TIO. The LHF anomalies during these events are more profound than pure events with enhanced latent heat loss when the La Niña and negative IOD events coincide. The LHF anomalies associated with the wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback is prominent when positive IOD co‐occur with the El‐Niño event. Both the vertical humidity gradient and wind speed changes play substantial roles in driving LHF anomalies during the co‐occurring events of NIOD and La Niña.
Photon Bose–Einstein Condensation and Lasing in Semiconductor Cavities
Authors: Loirette‐Pelous Aurelian , Greffet Jean‐Jacques
Published: August 2023

Photon Bose–Einstein condensation and photon thermalisation have been largely studied with molecular gain media in optical cavities. However, their observation with semiconductors has remained elusive despite a large body of experimental results and very well established theoretical models. In this work, these models are used to build a new theoretical framework that enables revisiting lasing to compare with photon Bose–Einstein condensation in the driven‐dissipative regime. The thermalisation figures of merit and the different experimental procedures to asses thermalization are discussed. Finally, the fluctuations of the system and their relation to the different regimes are explored.
Full‐thickness skin rejuvenation by a novel dual‐length microneedle radiofrequency device: A proof‐of‐concept study using human skin
Authors: Ahn Ga Ram , Jang You Na , Lee So Young , Kim Woo Ju , Han Hye Sung , Yoo Kwang Ho , Bae Tae Hui , Barn Jaesang , Seok Joon , Kim Beom Joon
Published: August 2023

Background

A novel dual‐length microneedle radiofrequency (DLMR) device has been developed to achieve full‐thickness skin rejuvenation by stimulating the papillary and reticular dermis simultaneously. This device's dual‐level targeting concept need to be validated on human skin, although its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in a previous study.

Objectives

This study evaluated the dual‐depth targeting capability and the ability to induce rejuvenation in each layer of vertical skin anatomy, that is, the epidermis, papillary dermis, and reticular dermis, using full‐thickness human facial skin samples.

Methods

Human facial skin samples were obtained from 13 Asian patients who had facelift surgery. To validate the dual‐depth targeting concept, DMLR‐treated skin samples were analyzed using a digital microscope, thermal imaging, and hematoloxylin and eosin (H&E) staining immediately after DLMR application. On samples stained with H&E, Masson's tricrome, and Verhoeff−Van Gieson, histological observation and morphometric analysis were performed. Total collagen assay (TCA) and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to assess changes in total collagen content and mRNA expression levels of collagen types I/III and vimentin, respectively.

Results

The DLMR device successfully induced thermal stimulation in the papillary and reticular dermis. The thickness, stacks, and dermal−epidermal junction convolution of the epidermis treated with DLMR were significantly increased. Collagen bundles in the dermis treated with DLMR exhibited a notable increase in thickness, density, and horizontal alignment. Dermal collagen levels were significantly higher in the morphometric and TCA data, as well as in the qPCR data for dermal matrix proteins.

Conclusions

Our DLMR device independently and precisely targeted the papillary and reticular dermis, and it appears to be an effective modality for implementing full‐thickness rejuvenation.
In Situ Emulsion Polymerization to Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Xu Hongzhi , Hao Zhiwei , Wang Chengwen , Deng Junyu , Wang Tianju , Zhang Jianhua
Published: August 2023

Polymer nanocomposites are a class of composite materials containing polymer continuous phase as matrix and inorganic nanoparticles as fillers. Combining the advantages of both polymer and nanofillers, polymer nanocomposites can yield some desirable functionalities that cannot be achieved by the individual components, thus exhibiting tremendous potential for a variety of applications. However, their performances markedly depend on the dispersion and distribution of nanofillers in the polymer matrix. Recently, in situ emulsion polymerization has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for the preparation of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites with good dispersion and homogeneous distribution of nanofillers. In this review, the fundamentals of polymer nanocomposites and their preparation strategies are briefly discussed, and then are comprehensively summarized recent advances in the design, preparation, functionalization, and applications of polymer nanocomposites via in situ emulsion polymerization. The particular focus is placed on the strategies for achieving homogeneous and good dispersion of nanofillers within polymer matrixes. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities of in situ emulsion polymerization to polymer nanocomposites are discussed to motivate future contributions and explore new possibilities.
Post‐Polymerization Modifications to Prepare Biomedical Nanocarriers with Varying Internal Structures, their Properties and Impact on Protein Corona Formation
Authors: Kockelmann Johannes , Zentel Rudolf , Nuhn Lutz
Published: August 2023

The reactive ester approach provides access to various types of drug delivery systems. Either amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with hydrophobic cores can be generated for encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, or they are (reversibly) crosslinked by polar molecules into nano(hydro)gel particles affording hydrophilic cores and coronas. Beyond short oligonucleotides complexation or covalent drug conjugation inside the core, a surface functionalization with targeting units is further possible to address a large variety of drug delivery scenarios. Interestingly, the reactive ester approach can thereby not only govern the nanocarriers' inner structure and surface property, but at the same time also provide strategies to prevent protein corona formation. These features are summarized in this article and underline the concept of reactive ester macromolecules as beneficial tool for assisting in drug delivery.
A stochastic Allen–Cahn–Navier–Stokes model with inertial effects driven by multiplicative noise of jump type
Authors: Tachim Medjo T.
Published: August 2023

We consider a stochastic Allen–Cahn–Navier–Stokes equations with inertial effects and multiplicative noise of jump type in a bounded domain , , driven by a multiplicative noise. The existence of a global weak martingale solution is proved under non‐Lipschitz assumptions on the coefficients. The construction of the solution is based on the Faedo–Galerkin approximation, compactness method and the Skorokhod representation theorem.
A systematic literature review of virtual embodied experience
Authors: Chen Juan , Ning Changhui , Chen Congbo
Published: August 2023

Virtual scenarios have brought intriguing enhancements to the in‐reality experiences of individuals, and a paradigm of embodiment, rather than disembodiment, has evolved. Research on virtual embodied experience has connected the trends of virtualization and embodiment of experience but remains scattered and inconclusive. This systematic review of 125 peer‐reviewed journal papers in the Scopus database uncovers extant work on the contextualization, conceptualization, and causal links of virtual embodied experience. It finds that extant literature neglects certain cutting‐edge scenarios. Research still needs to identify more explicit dimensional structures of virtual embodied experience and more antecedents and consequences along the causal chain. Research has grounded itself in theoretical constellations across cognitive and behavioral science, sociology, and computer science. Nevertheless, flaws remain, not least the use of disembodiment‐oriented theories to explain embodied experience and insufficient emphasis on the subjectivity of technology. As the lack of suitable research frameworks has presented obstacles to quantitative research, this study proposes a framework highlighting virtual embodied experience bridging virtual scenario elements (technological and environmental factors) and multiple consequences (perception, responses, and performances). This study sets out a future research agenda, including promising research directions such as exploring virtual embodied experiences in multiple virtual scenarios, clarifying its dimensional structures, and underlining the complexity of how it mediates virtual scenario elements and commercial consequences and how it leads to possible negative consequences.
Threshold of a stochastic two‐species competition chemostat model with saturated growth rate and Lévy jumps
Authors: Chen Xingzhi , Tian Baodan , Xu Xin , Li Dong , Yang Dan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a stochastic two‐species competition chemostat model with saturated growth rate, which is randomly disturbed by Gaussian white noise and Lévy jumps, is proposed and investigated. First, the existence and uniqueness of the positive global solution of the model are discussed. Then, the thresholds of the microorganisms for the persistence in the mean and the extinction are established. To be more specific, the mild condition for the coexistence of microorganisms
and
is obtained. Finally, we give some numerical examples to support the theoretical analysis results. The results show that strong enough environmental noise will inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and the model with both Gaussian white noise and Lévy jumps can better characterize environmental variability in biological systems compared with the model with only Gaussian white noise.
An analytical study of curved frequency selective surfaces for shielding applications
Authors: Gouda Akhila , Ghosh Saptarshi
Published: August 2023

This paper demonstrates an analytical study of different nonplanar frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) for X‐band (8–12 GHz) electromagnetic (EM) shielding applications. A well‐known metallic square loop unit cell is used for the analysis, which is arranged in a periodic pattern on a three‐dimensional (3‐D) printer compatible dielectric substrate. The geometry is wrapped on various kinds of curved surfaces (cylindrical, paraboloid, and hemispherical surfaces) and investigated using the finite element boundary integral (FEBI) technique. The structure exhibits a band stop characteristic with a fractional bandwidth of 62.74% (6.68–12.66 GHz, having transmission coefficient below −10 dB), resonating around 9.53 GHz under different angles of incident EM wave. Finally, the 3‐D printing method is used to fabricate the prototypes for performing laboratory measurements. The simulated and measured results follow each other closely, thereby establishing the proposed technique in realizing nonplanar FSSs.
Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery fellows' case logs remained stable during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Daily Adam M. , Popat Shreeya , Koenig Hannah G. , Fuller Thomas W. , Lee Una J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

During the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent staffing shortages there was concern about the case volume, and thus competency, of graduating trainees due to reduced surgical volumes. Elective procedures were particularly affected, which includes Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) cases. To understand whether FPMRS fellows were affected, we assessed their case logs for changes during the pandemic.

Methods

The nationally aggregated case logs of graduating FPMRS fellows, both urology and obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN), were obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The available academic years (AYs) included 2018−2019, 2019−2020, and 2020−2021. Standard deviation for each index category was derived from the average and 90th percentile data. One‐way analysis of variance was used to compare differences in case volumes for tracked index categories between AYs.

Results

Graduating fellows logged an average of 517.4 (standard deviation [SD] 28.6) and 818.0 (SD 37.9) cases, for urology and OBGYN respectively, over their fellowship training during the examined period. No significant differences in total surgical procedures were found for either specialty between pre‐COVID AY 2018−2019 and COVID‐affected AYs 2019−2020 and 2020‐2021. For urology fellows, gastrointestinal (GI) procedures was the only index case category with a significant difference, and it was a decrease between the two COVID‐affected AYs: 2020‐2021 compared to 2019−2020 (8.9 vs. 4.2, p = 0.04). For both urology and OBGYN fellows, there was a statistically significant decrease in graft/mesh augmentation procedures from COVID‐affected AY 2019−2020 to AY 2020−2021. This may be attributed to the reclassification of mesh removal cases from graft/mesh augmentation procedures to genital procedures in 2020−2021. There was not a significant decrease in these procedures from pre‐COVID AY 2018‐2019 to the COVID‐affected AYs. There were no other statistically significant differences between AYs for OBGYN fellows.

Conclusions

Surgical case volumes for FPMRS urology and OBGYN fellows who trained during the COVID‐19 pandemic were comparable to those of their pre‐pandemic peers. No significant differences between pre‐COVID and COVID‐affected years were found for either total surgical procedures or index case categories. Despite disruptions in health care nationwide, FPMRS trainee case volumes were largely unaffected.
Diet quality partially mediates the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and adiposity indicators
Authors: Shim Jee‐Seon , Ha Kyoung Hwa , Kim Dae Jung , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the potential role of overall diet quality in the associations between ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and adiposity indicators among Korean adults.

Methods

Baseline data of participants (n = 4331) of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort study were obtained. Dietary information was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined using the NOVA classification. Overall diet quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index. Adiposity indicators included BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat by bioimpedance, and visceral fat mass by whole‐body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Mediation analysis after adjustment for potential confounders was performed.

Results

UPF intake was associated with higher adiposity indicators after adjustment for confounders. The mediating effect of the Korean Healthy Eating Index on the relationship between UPF consumption and each adiposity indicator was 35.6% (95% CI: 4.9% to 255.9%) for BMI, 38.3% (17.9% to 132.1%) for waist circumference, 40.2% (8.3% to 259.4%) for percentage body fat, and 60.7% (−396.4% to 662.7%) for visceral fat mass.

Conclusions

UPF consumption was positively associated with adiposity indicators, which were partially attributed to the overall diet quality. Further studies are needed to better understand the causal mechanisms of these associations.
Strain and Complexity, Passerini and Ugi Reactions of Four‐Membered Heterocycles and Further Elaboration of TOSMIC Product
Authors: Sztanó Gábor , Dobi Zoltán , Soós Tibor
Published: August 2023

Straightforward and general Passerini and Ugi procedures have been developed to incorporate four‐membered heterocycles into highly functionalized scaffolds. Additionally, toslymethyl isocyanide (TosMIC)‐derived Ugi adducts have been prepared, showcasing the prospect of the multicomponent reaction.
The relationships between dietary patterns and socioeconomic status with anthropometric and body composition indices in Iranian preschool children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas , Pahlavani Naseh , Khosravi Maryam , Sarivi Somayeh Pourhosein , Hakkak Atieh Mehdizadeh , Maddahi Mona
Published: August 2023

Background

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children is on the rise. Dietary patterns (DPs) and socioeconomic status ( socioeconomic status (SES)) may relate to children's excess weight as a predictor of the risk of obesity in adulthood that may vary by geographical regions.

Aim

The relationship between DPs and the development of obesity in preschool children has not been adequately evaluated. The present study evaluates this relationship by considering SES.

Methods

A total of 320 preschool children (4–6 years) were randomly selected from three different areas of Mashhad based on economic status. Dietary intake was evaluated using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed by the children's parents. Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured by means of valid tools and standard methods. socioeconomic status data were collected through a researcher‐made questionnaire.

Results

Three dominant DPs of ‘healthy’, ‘unhealthy’, and ‘meat‐free’ were identified using factor analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children who followed meat‐free DP was significantly higher than that of other children (p = 0.004). The means and standard deviations of energy intake, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat‐free mass, and fat mass were 1187.97 ± 356.87 Kcal/day, 16.23 ± 2.28 kg/m2, 54.28 ± 6.49 cm, 16.24 ± 2.23 kg, and 4.62 ± 2.70 kg respectively. Being in the higher levels of SES was significantly related to height (p = 0.02), energy intake (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 004), and fat mass (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Adherence to meat‐free DP and being in the highest levels of SES may be associated with a greater chance of developing overweight and obesity. Therefore, meat consumption and SES can be used to predict childhood overweight and obesity.
Selective extraction of plant bioactive compounds with deep eutectic solvents: Iris sibirica L. as example
Authors: Karpitskiy Dmitriy A. , Bessonova Elena A. , Shishov Andrey Yu. , Kartsova Liudmila A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising extractants with tuneable properties. However, there is a lack of reports about the influence of the nature of the original DES on obtaining the metabolomic profile of a plant.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of obtaining Iris sibirica L. chromatographical profiles with DESs based on various hydrogen bond donors and acceptors as extraction solvents.

Methodology

DESs were prepared by mixing choline chloride or tetrabutylammonium bromide with various hydrogen bond donors and investigated for the extraction of bioactive substances from biotechnological raw materials of I. sibirica L. The obtained extracts were analysed by HPLC with diode array detector (DAD) and Q‐MS.

Results

Chromatographic profiles for I. sibirica L. extracts by eight choline chloride DESs and six tetrabutylammonium DESs have been obtained. It has been found that selective recovery of bioactive substances can be achieved by varying the composition of DESs. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in I. sibirica L. using HPLC‐MS. Phase separation was observed with acetonitrile for four DESs. New flavonoid derivatives have been found in DES extracts compared with methanol extracts.

Conclusion

The results showed the possibility of DES usage for extraction without water addition. Selectivity of DESs varies depending on the chemical composition of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. Choline chloride is a more suitable hydrogen bond acceptor for the flavonoid extraction. Choline chloride–lactic acid (1:1) DES has demonstrated a metabolic profile that was the closest to the methanol one and enhanced the extraction up to 2.6‐fold.
Tunable Synthesis of Sub‐20 nm Gold Nanoparticles Capping with Cyclodextrin for Host–Guest Molecular Recognition on Nano‐Surface
Authors: Li Youwei , Tang Mingxing , Li Jiarong , Cheng Biyang , Wang Chun , Dong Hui , Shen Dengke
Published: August 2023

Gold nanoparticles capping with three types of natural cyclodextrins are synthesized, allowing for precise control over their sizes ranging from 9 to 20 nm. These nanoparticles exhibit remarkable colloidal stability during long‐term storage, as well as excellent tolerance to saline, acidic, and alkaline conditions. Importantly, the assembly of nanoparticles is performed by using the silica nanospheres functionalized with cinnamyl group and the gold nanoparticle capping with three types of cyclodextrin, highlighting the selective formation of core‐satellite superstructure based on the host–guest molecular recognition on nano‐surface between different nanoparticles.
Survival outcomes of patients treated with local therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with high prostate‐specific antigen concentrations
Authors: Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Baboudjian Michael , Zapała Piotr , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Miszczyk Marcin , Chlosta Marcin , Krumpoeck Paul , Moschini Marco , Gandaglia Giorgio , Ploussard Guillaume , Rivas Juan G. , Życzkowski Marcin , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Radziszewski Piotr , Leapman Michael S. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Paweł
Published: August 2023

Background

Patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) and high prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels due to the high likelihood of metastasis pose a clinical dilemma regarding their optimal treatment and long‐term outcomes after initial local therapy. We aimed to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) for nmPCa with high PSA levels.

Methods

We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients diagnosed with nmPCa who received RP or RT from 2004 through 2015. We included nmPCa patients with high PSA levels categorized as ≥50 and ≥98 ng/mL, the highest level recorded in SEER. We used the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards to analyze cancer‐specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

We included 6177 patients with nmPCa and PSA ≥ 50 ng/mL at diagnosis; 1698 (27%) had PSA ≥ 98 ng/mL. Of these, 1658 (26.8%) underwent RP and 4519 (73.16%) patients received primary RT. Within a median of 113 months (interquartile range 74–150 months), the 5‐ and 10‐year CSS estimates were 92.3% and 81.5% respectively; 10‐year OS was 61%. In the PSA ≥ 98 ng/mL subgroup 5‐ and 10‐year CSS estimates were 89.2% and 76%, respectively. In multivariable analyses for CSS, ISUP grade group (p < 0.001), N stage (p < 0.001), treatment with RP (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.83, p < 0.001), and patient's age (p < 0.05) were associated with improved CSS. In the whole cohort of patients with PSA ≥ 50 ng/mL and RP subgroup, PSA failed to retain its independent prognostic value for CSS.

Conclusions

Patients treated with local therapy for nmPCa with very high PSA at diagnosis have relatively good long‐term oncological outcomes. Therefore, among well‐selected patients with nmPCa, high PSA levels alone should not preclude the use of radical local therapy. Potential selection bias limits inferences about the relative effectiveness of specific local therapies in this setting.
Experimental training in molecular pharmacology education based on drug–target interactions
Authors: Ge Luna , Cheng Kai , Zhang Yuang , Li Junling , Chen Wei , Song Guanhua , Wang Lin
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Drug development has been challenged by the dual drawbacks involving unpredictable disease outcomes and drug resistance, which has placed greater demands on pharmacology education. Molecular pharmacology, as a frontier crossover field of pharmacology, focuses on the research of new drugs and targets. However, due to the lack of a systematic experimental training system, molecular pharmacology has not made a corresponding contribution in promoting the training of innovative talent in pharmacology. We aim to establish an experimental training program suitable for molecular pharmacology to improve students' ability to engage in drug development in future.

Methods

Based on the feasibility of drug–target projects, a comprehensive training program containing molecular docking, target stability experiment, and fluorescent probe detection of protein expression in living cells and mice was conducted among 20 pharmacy graduate students. The experimental training was assessed by the experimental training report and the student recognition questionnaires.

Results

All 20 students mastered the experimental principles and operations required for the training program. The experimental reports proved that the students were in good command of the experimental principles, operations and applications. The results of the Likert questionnaire indicated that the training program promoted the understanding of the drug research process and increased motivation to learn.

Conclusion

The designed experimental training program has a positive effect on the training of pharmacology talents, and can be implemented as a part of molecular pharmacology education.
Investigation of Temperature‐Activated Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Dielectric Relaxation in Fe, Cu–Doped CeO2
Authors: Vishwakarma Manish Kumar , Jain Puneet
Published: August 2023

Cerium oxide (CeO2) is a material with unique dielectric properties that make it a promising candidate for various applications. High electrical resistance and a wide bandgap of pristine CeO2limit its applicability in photovoltaics and photo‐electrocatalysis. CeO2is co‐doped with transition metals (Fe+2/Fe+3and Cu+2), which reduces its optical bandgap energy and electrical resistance. This study aims to investigate the dielectric relaxation behavior and charge‐carrier dynamics of Fe, Cu–CeO2. The enhanced charge‐carrier dynamics in the Fe, Cu–doped CeO2compared to pristine CeO2are reported. Using temperature‐dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (TD‐EIS), the dielectric relaxation and carrier dynamics in pristine CeO2and Fe, Cu–doped CeO2in the temperature range 313–473 K along with the modulus spectroscopy are investigated. It is observed thatZ′ values reduced with the temperature, thus showing the negative temperature coefficient of resistance in the frequency range 6.28–1.005  105 radians s−1. Furthermore, a correlated study of –Z″ and M″ shows the charge‐carrier relaxation behavior changes from ideal Debye type to non‐Debye type with temperature rise in Fe, Cu–doped CeO2.
Reliability optimization model in man‐machine systems considering human factors in uncertain situations
Authors: Saidi‐Mehrabad Mohammad , Atashfeshan Nooshin , Razavi Hamideh
Published: August 2023

Over the last four decades, researchers have recognized that traditional automation has many negative consequences stemming from human out‐of‐the‐loop problems. However, there is a paucity of research to optimize function allocation problems under uncertainty by considering both human and machine influential factors. This work attempts to address this standing paucity of research by designing an optimization model with the objective function of maximizing system reliability besides balancing human workload over a mission time and keeping him/her in the control loop. To maximize system reliability, the prediction of human and machine fault rates is inspired by the human‐in‐the‐loop fault tree analysis (FTA). Furthermore, the failure probabilities of human‐related events in the proposed fault tree are estimated via fuzzy logic inference systems. A typical supervisory control task is selected to demonstrate the application and feasibility of the proposed method. In conclusion, this mathematical model as a decision support method provides guidance for automation designers to improve an automated system via systematic prediction of failures in the early stage of the design phase.
A new phosphate purification method for igneous weathering profiles
Authors: Guan Chengguo , Peng Yongbo , Wei Ziran , Gong Shanggui , Bao Huiming
Published: August 2023

Rationale

The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18OPO4) is widely employed for reconstructing paleotemperature and tracing biogeochemical phosphorus cycling. However, existing phosphate purification protocols do not work well for igneous rocks and igneous weathering profiles (IWPs). A reliable purification method is needed for measuring δ18OPO4 in these materials.

Methods

Our phosphate purification method includes two steps of cation exchange resin treatment separated by a step of calcium phosphate precipitation (R‐Ca‐R method). In addition, the silver phosphate precipitation in our procedure is featured by slow evaporation to crystallization until the appearance of ammonium nitrate or silver nitrate crystals. We evaluated our methods on weathered and pristine igneous rocks, phosphorite rocks, KH2PO4, and (NH4)2HPO4 solutions.

Results

Our purification method converted over 99.9% phosphate in solution to calcium phosphate, which can be easily decalcified by cation resin. The improved silver phosphate precipitation method produced high phosphate yields (97.1%–99.5%) and retained original δ18OPO4 within analytical uncertainty (2σ = 0.6‰). We applied the purification and precipitation method on five igneous rocks and IWPs, and obtained δ18OPO4 values ranging from 6.4‰ to 8.0‰. Duplicate phosphate extractions yielded δ18OPO4 values differing by less than 0.3‰.

Conclusions

We developed a new phosphate purification method that is applicable to phosphate extraction in igneous rocks and IWPs. We also proposed a reliable indicator for the termination of silver phosphate precipitation. Our method can achieve high phosphate yield and reproducible δ18OPO4 value.
Overlapping peak separation algorithm for ion mobility spectra based on multistrategy JAYA
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Cai Jing , Gao Wenqing , Han Renlu , Wang Haixing , Wu Yanfei , Wu Jiawei , Wu Yong , Wang Chenlu , Tang Keqi , Yu Jiancheng
Published: August 2023

Rationale

In the field of separation science, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) plays an important role as an analytical tool. However, the lack of sufficient structural resolution is a common problem in qualitative and quantitative analysis using IMS. A method is needed to solve the problem of overlapping peaks caused by insufficient resolution.

Methods

The method uses multiple strategies to more effectively use population information to balance exploration and exploitation capabilities, prevent local optimization, accurately resolve overlapping peaks, quickly obtain optimal spectral peak model coefficients, and accurately identify compounds.

Results

Multistrategy JAYA algorithm's (MSJAYA) performance is compared with improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization (DIWPSO), and multiobjective dynamic teaching‐learning‐based optimization (MDTLBO). The analysis shows that MSJAYA's maximum separation error is within 0.6%, a level of accuracy not guaranteed by the other algorithms. In addition, the separation error fluctuates within a much smaller range, demonstrating MSJAYA's superior robustness.

Conclusions

Compared with other overlapping peak separation algorithms, MSJAYA is more applicable because no special parameters are used. The method allows fast deconvolution analysis of strong overlapping peaks with multiple components, which greatly improves the resolution of IMS.
Editorial: Sliding‐mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis
Authors: Ríos Héctor , Ferreira de Loza Alejandra , Dávila Jorge
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this Special Issue on “Sliding–mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis” is to present a collection of articles showing novel developments and results in the theory and practice of sliding–mode algorithms for state estimation and fault diagnosis. This collection also includes some advanced and non–standard methods to deal with the fault–tolerant control problem.
Evolution of Thermoelectric Generators: From Application to Hybridization
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Tian Bian , Li Yao , Guo Zijun , Zhang Zhongkai , Luo Zhifang , Zhao Libo , Lin Qijing , Lee Chengkuo , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: August 2023

Considerable thermal energy is emitted into the environment from human activities and equipment operation in the course of daily production. Accordingly, the use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can attract wide interest, and it shows high potential in reducing energy waste and increasing energy recovery rates. Notably, TEGs have aroused rising attention and been significantly boosted over the past few years, as the energy crisis has worsened. The reason for their progress is that thermoelectric generators can be easily attached to the surface of a heat source, converting heat energy directly into electricity in a stable and continuous manner. In this review, applications in wearable devices, and everyday life are reviewed according to the type of structure of TEGs. Meanwhile, the latest progress of TEGs’ hybridization with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and photovoltaic effect is introduced. Moreover, prospects and suggestions for subsequent research work are proposed. This review suggests that hybridization of energy harvesting, and flexible high‐temperature thermoelectric generators are the future trends.
Double‐Confinement Construction of Atomically‐Dispersed‐Fe Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Zhao Xue , Chen Mengshan , Bi Zenghui , Zhang Haoran , Hu Guangzhi , Zhou Yingtang
Published: August 2023

Simultaneously achieving high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key to constructing rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). Here the complexation of 1,10‐phenanthroline and the spatial confinement effect of closo‐[B12H12]2− are used to solidify metal‐boron‐cluster‐organic‐polymers on the surface of SiO2 microspheres to construct a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst (FeBCN/NHCS). Driven by FeBCN/NHCS, the half‐wave‐potential of ORR surpasses that of the Pt/C catalyst, reaching 0.893 V versus RHE, and the overpotential (η10) of OER is as low as 361 mV. The ZABs of FeBCN/NHCS as an air cathode not only have high power density and specific capacity, but also have charge‐discharge durability. The FeBCN/NHCS is not only related to the high specific surface area, but also the high exposure rate of single‐atom Fe and the doping of heteroatom B. This study provides an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst and also contributes wisdom to the acquisition of highly active oxygen electrocatalyst.
Ultra‐high performance concrete under direct tension: Investigation of a hybrid of steel and synthetic fibers
Authors: Karim Rizwan , Shafei Behrouz
Published: August 2023

Ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) offers superior tensile properties in comparison to normal and high‐strength concrete. This is known to largely depend on the fibers included in the UHPC mixtures. Among the available types of fiber, steel fibers have been commonly used in the current practice. However, given the price and availability issues associated with steel fibers, there has been growing interest in benefiting from synthetic fibers in UHPC. This was the motivation for the current study to investigate the potential of five synthetic fibers by evaluating how the tensile properties of the UHPC mixtures made with a hybrid of steel and synthetic fibers are influenced under direct tension. The synthetic fibers of choice consisted of nylon, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, alkali‐resistant glass, and carbon fibers. By using a dog bone test setup, the main tensile properties of the developed mixtures (i.e., direct tensile strength, elastic modulus, and stress–strain relationship) were systematically determined. The results extracted from direct tension tests were then further processed in conjunction with digital image correlation analyses to investigate the formation and propagation of cracks, as well as the post‐cracking response. The original findings reported from this study are expected to pave the way to broaden the fiber types that can be considered for the structural applications of UHPC, especially where high tensile stresses/strains are anticipated.
Numerical Computation of Temperature Rise of Gas‐Insulated Transmission Lines Considering Thermal Properties of Insulating Gas
Authors: Cheng Shucan , Zhao Yanpu , Hu Bin , Xie Kejia
Published: August 2023

Accurate temperature rise prediction of the gas‐insulated transmission lines (GIL) can help to lower the cost of equipment through optimization design. To investigate the temperature rise of GIL and the heat transfer efficiency of new eco‐friendly insulating gas, the electromagnetic‐thermal‐fluid field coupling method that considers the thermal properties of solid and gaseous media is proposed. The finite element method is applied to solve the eddy‐current field and obtain the Joule loss of the conductive rod and the enclosure accurately. The GIL temperature distribution of different insulating gases is computed based on their thermophysical parameters. The heat transfer efficiency is found to be positively correlated with gas density, constant pressure heat capacity and thermal conductivity. A parameter that characterizes the heat transfer efficiency of the insulating gas is defined, such that a larger value indicates a higher heat transfer efficiency. This parameter helps to quickly determine the heat transfer capacity of new eco‐friendly insulating gas, and facilitate the optimal design of GIL equipment. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Partial Discharge Characteristics and Mechanism of Medium Voltage Power Cable Defects under Different Voltage Stresses
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Junbai , Li Hongjie , Jin Lei , Zhao Kun
Published: August 2023

Off‐line partial discharge (PD) diagnosis, which requires an additional power supply has been accepted as an essential step in ensuring the integrity of power cable systems during commissioning testing. Many types of energizing voltage sources (e.g., alternating current resonance, damped alternating current, very low frequency [VLF] sine, and VLF‐cosine rectangular) have been developed, which are used in practice. However, choosing the optimal energizing voltage waveforms for PD testing is still controversial because their capability to motivate PD activities is still unclear. Accordingly, this paper compares the PD ignition capacity of the aforementioned power sources on six well‐designed PD defects in real cable joints. The influence of test voltage frequencies and waveforms are verified. The results show that the PD inception voltage and PD magnitudes in the cable joint defects do not change significantly as a function of the sinusoidal voltage frequency and the VLF‐cosine rectangular voltage exhibits excellent PD ignition capability with a low PD inception voltage and large PD magnitude. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of space charge in a PD defect caused by a gap is analyzed in order to explain the obtained results. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Site suitability analysis for industrial development using geospatial technology and multi criteria decision making
Authors: Giri Satyaranjan , Tripathy Jagadish Kumar , Swain Swapna Sweta , Nandi Debabrata , Mohanta Kamal L.
Published: August 2023

In the process of developing industries to eradicate poverty, developing countries continue to invest more in their land use system, as this may provide a safeguard to food security through a healthy ecosystem and have a positive impact on sustainability. The Geographic Information System (GIS) has created an unprecedented world of possibilities for processing data from remote sensing and other sources. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), in conjunction with geospatial technology, provides a tool for industrial area mapping and management. The current research was conducted in three blocks of the Baleshwar district in northern Odisha, India. Analysis of a location's physical, social, and economic factors to see if it is good for a certain use, like an industrial setup, urban planning, or recreational use, is becoming more and more important in today's world so that important decisions can be made within a short period. Due to the fact that the present research location is located in close proximity to both hilly terrain and a coastal plan, the site's appropriateness may be improved by employing a variety of factors to design an industrial setup that is economically viable. The goal of the study is to apply land suitability analysis (LSA) to identify existing land use in areas with industrial growth potential so that agricultural and industrial development may focus on long‐term sustainability. According to this study, 16.6% (201.79 km2) of the area is highly suitable, 48.2% (586.96 km2) is moderately suitable, 15.5% (188.40 km2) is less suitable, and 19.71% (239.73 km2) is not suitable at all. Due to the abundance of raw materials, improved communication, and proximity to the shore, the Baleswar block has the largest percentage of highly suitable areas when compared to the Remuna and Nilgiri blocks of the research area.
Screening and characterization of waste lignocellulosic biomass as a potential substrate for energy recovery
Authors: Kumari Uma , Gupta Pratibha
Published: August 2023

The world is facing a severe energy crisis due to rapid industrialization, population explosion, and modern lifestyle. Conventional energy sources are running out of stock and accordingly, an ardent need for the search for alternative feedstock for energy recovery has been the research focus for the past few decades. In context to this energy turmoil, the lignocellulosic biomasses have emerged as an excellent surrogate antecedent for energy procreation in this present scenario of the energy crisis. Among numerous feasible biomass energy recovery methods, the biochemical route and the thermochemical route are the most prevailing. Accordingly, several biomass characteristics require well understanding to access the extent of possible energy recovery. The compositional features assessed (in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, extractives, and lignin content) as well as the ultimate analysis carried out (in terms of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content) as one of the major parameters for evaluating the energy recovery potential and subsequently, a Van Krevelen diagram was obtained to define their energy recovery potential. The calorific value of the three biomass specimens obtained by using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter and subsequently, their oil equivalence was presented. A tariff and budgetary analysis evaluated to define their respective economic incentives and their potential scope to meet the energy crisis scenario. Finally, a scoring matrix analysis conducted parallelly by evaluating the various parameters by adopting the rank correlation method to screen out the best biomass category. The overall scheme of study adopted for screening a particular waste biomass category from three widely available agriculture waste biomass samples (rice husk, corn cob, and nutshell) through multiple criteria and thereby evaluating the most ideal biomass as the surrogate source to meet the ever‐increasing energy demand which are prevalent in the state of Jharkhand, India.