bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining Remote River Discharge Estimation Using Reach‐Scale Geomorphology
Authors: Brinkerhoff C. B. , Gleason C. J. , Feng D. , Lin P.
Published: October 2020

Recent advances in remote sensing and the upcoming launch of the joint NASA/CNES/CSA/UKSA Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite point toward improved river discharge estimates in ungauged basins. Existing discharge methods rely on “prior river knowledge” to infer parameters not directly measured from space. Here, we show that discharge estimation is improved by classifying and parameterizing rivers based on their unique geomorphology and hydraulics. Using over 370,000 in situ hydraulic observations as training data, we test unsupervised learning and an “expert” method to assign these hydraulics and geomorphology to rivers via remote sensing. This intervention, along with updates to model physics, constitutes a new method we term “geoBAM,” an update of the Bayesian At‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry‐Manning's (BAM) algorithm. We tested geoBAM on Landsat imagery over more than 7,500 rivers (108 are gauged) in Canada's Mackenzie River basin and on simulated hydraulic data for 19 rivers that mimic SWOT observations without measurement error. geoBAM yielded considerable improvement over BAM, improving the median Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for the Mackenzie River from −0.05 to 0.26 and from 0.16 to 0.46 for the SWOT rivers. Further, NSE improved by at least 0.10 in 78/108 gauged Mackenzie rivers and 8/19 SWOT rivers. We attribute geoBAM improvement to parameterizing rivers by type rather than globally, but prediction accuracy worsens if parameters are misassigned. This method is easily mapped to rivers at the global scale and paves the way for improving future discharge estimates, especially when coupled with hydrologic models.
Strategies for Simplifying Reactive Transport Models: A Bayesian Model Comparison
Authors: Schäfer Rodrigues Silva Aline , Guthke Anneli , Höge Marvin , Cirpka Olaf A. , Nowak Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

For simulating reactive transport on aquifer scale, various modeling approaches have been proposed. They vary considerably in their computational demands and in the amount of data needed for their calibration. Typically, the more complex a model is, the more data are required to sufficiently constrain its parameters. In this study, we assess a set of five models that simulate aerobic respiration and denitrification in a heterogeneous aquifer at quasi steady state. In a probabilistic framework, we test whether simplified approaches can be used as alternatives to the most detailed model. The simplifications are achieved by neglecting processes such as dispersion or biomass dynamics, or by replacing spatial discretization with travel‐time‐based coordinates. We use the model justifiability analysis proposed by Schöniger, Illman, et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.047) to determine how similar the simplified models are to the reference model. This analysis rests on the principles of Bayesian model selection and performs a tradeoff between goodness‐of‐fit to reference data and model complexity, which is important for the reliability of predictions. Results show that, in principle, the simplified models are able to reproduce the predictions of the reference model in the considered scenario. Yet, it became evident that it can be challenging to define appropriate ranges for effective parameters of simplified models. This issue can lead to overly wide predictive distributions, which counteract the apparent simplicity of the models. We found that performing the justifiability analysis on the case of model simplification is an objective and comprehensive approach to assess the suitability of candidate models with different levels of detail.
Disruption of Atg7-dependent autophagy causes electromotility disturbances, outer hair cell loss, and deafness in mice
Authors: Zhou Han , Qian Xiaoyun , Xu Nana , Zhang Shasha , Zhu Guangjie , Zhang Yuan , Liu Dingding , Cheng Cheng , Zhu Xiaocheng , Liu Yongze , Lu Ling , Tang Jie , Chai Renjie , Gao Xia
Published: October 2020

Atg7 is an indispensable factor that plays a role in canonical nonselective autophagy. Here we show that genetic ablation of Atg7 in outer hair cells (OHCs) in mice caused stereocilium damage, somatic electromotility disturbances, and presynaptic ribbon degeneration over time, which led to the gradual wholesale loss of OHCs and subsequent early-onset profound hearing loss. Impaired autophagy disrupted OHC mitochondrial function and triggered the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that would otherwise be eliminated in a timely manner. Atg7-independent autophagy/mitophagy processes could not compensate for Atg7 deficiency and failed to rescue the terminally differentiated, non-proliferating OHCs. Our results show that OHCs orchestrate intricate nonselective and selective autophagic/mitophagy pathways working in concert to maintain cellular homeostasis. Overall, our results demonstrate that Atg7-dependent autophagy plays a pivotal cytoprotective role in preserving OHCs and maintaining hearing function.
Targeting tumor cell-derived CCL2 as a strategy to overcome Bevacizumab resistance in ETV5+ colorectal cancer
Authors: Feng Haoran , Liu Kun , Shen Xiaonan , Liang Juyong , Wang Changgang , Qiu Weihua , Cheng Xi , Zhao Ren
Published: October 2020

In our previous study, ETV5 mediated-angiogenesis was demonstrated to be dependent upon the PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β/Src/STAT3/VEGFA pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the ability of ETV5 to affect the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy in CRC requires further investigation. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and a series of experiments were performed to identify the critical candidate gene involved in Bevacizumab resistance. Furthermore, the ability of treatment targeting the candidate gene to enhance Bevacizumab sensitivity in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Our results revealed that ETV5 directly bound to the VEGFA promoter to promote translation of VEGFA. However, according to in vitro and in vivo experiments, ETV5 unexpectedly accelerated antiVEGF therapy (Bevacizumab) resistance. GSEA and additional assays confirmed that ETV5 could promote angiogenesis by inducing the secretion of another tumor angiogenesis factor (CCL2) in CRC cells to facilitate Bevacizumab resistance. Mechanistically, ETV5 upregulated CCL2 by activating STAT3 to facilitate binding with the CCL2 promoter. ETV5 induced-VEGFA translation and CCL2 secretion were mutually independent mechanisms, that induced angiogenesis by activating the PI3K/AKT and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In CRC tissues, ETV5 protein levels were positively associated with CD31, CCL2, and VEGFA protein expression. CRC patients possessing high expression of ETV5/VEGFA or ETV5/CCL2 exhibited a poorer prognosis compared to that of other patients. Combined antiCCL2 and antiVEGFA (Bevacizumab) treatment could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth more effectively than single treatments in CRCs with high expression of ETV5 (ETV5+ CRCs). In conclusion, our results not only revealed ETV5 as a novel biomarker for anti-angiogenic therapy, but also indicated a potential combined therapy strategy that involved in targeting of both CCL2 and VEGFA in ETV5+ CRC.
Next-generation derivatization reagents optimized for enhanced product ion formation in photodissociation-mass spectrometry of fatty acids
Authors: Narreddula Venkateswara R. , McKinnon Benjamin I. , Marlton Samuel J. P. , Marshall David L. , Boase Nathan R. B. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Trevitt Adam J. , Mitchell Todd W. , Blanksby Stephen J.
Published: October 2020

Next-generation derivatives for photodissociation-mass spectrometry for fatty acids generating photoproduct yields of up to 97% at 266 nm.
In situ photoacoustic analysis of near-infrared absorption of rhodium-doped strontium titanate photocatalyst powder
Authors: Shinoda Tatsuki , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Kudo Akihiko , Murakami Naoya
Published: October 2020

Near-infrared absorption of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) doped with rhodium (Rh) was investigated by photoacoustic (PA) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
DNA-binding mechanisms of human and mouse cGAS: a comparative MD and MM/GBSA study
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Zhang Honghui , Li Wenjin
Published: October 2020

The differences between human and mouse cGAS in terms of their DNA-binding mechanisms are revealed. A novel role of the kink at the spine is also proposed in holo-cGAS.
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped fluorescent carbon dots for the trapping of Hg(ii) ions from water
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: October 2020

An uncomplicated, reliable, and ultrasensitive fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms based sensor has been fabricated for the recognition and trapping of toxic Hg2+ in buffered aqueous medium and real water samples.
Temperature sensitive hydrogels cross-linked by magnetic LAPONITE® RD®: effects of particle magnetization
Authors: Lebovka Nikolai I. , Samchenko Yurii M. , Kernosenko Liudmyla O. , Poltoratska Tatiana P. , Pasmurtseva Natalia O. , Mamyshev Igor E. , Gigiberiya Vladimir A.
Published: October 2020

This work discusses the synthesis and the properties of magnetite modified LAPONITE® RD platelets (Lap).
Load control mechanism for operation of microgrids in contingency state
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohsen , Vahidinasab Vahid , Ghazizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Aghaei Jamshid
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes a load control module based on the consumers' vulnerability indices to improve the ability of radial microgrid (MG) to deal with line contingencies. This consumer switching module (CSM) increases the operational flexibility and is suitable for the radial MGs, where, a sudden line outage restricts access to the energy resources and deviates the system frequency in the created island. To cope with this condition, CSM can instantly disconnect some of the loads and reconnects them in an appropriate time sequence, considering loads' vulnerabilities. To include the CSM in the short‐term operation of MG, with the lowest complexity, a simple four‐stage structure is used. At first, the capability of CSM is determined in different islands related to potential line events. Then, the approximate cost function of CSM is applied to the short‐term MG operation which is hour‐ahead scheduling (HAS) including both the normal and the contingency state operation. Eventually, the determined optimal CSM participation level in each island is allocated to the consumers based on their exact offered price to calculate the load switching sequence. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheduling manner, the 13‐bus and 123‐bus IEEE test systems are precisely analyzed considering different simulation scenarios.
Hardware structures, control strategies, and applications of electric springs: a state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Tapia‐Tinoco Guillermo , Garcia‐Perez Arturo , Granados‐Lieberman David , Camarena‐Martinez David , Valtierra‐Rodriguez Martin
Published: October 2020

The popularity of electric springs (ESs) has been grown in the last years mainly due to the boost in the growth of smart grids (SGs) and micro‐grids (μGs), as well as the high penetration of renewable energy sources. In general, ESs have a hardware structure similar to other compensator devices such as distributed flexible AC transmission systems or active filters. ESs offer the exchange of active and reactive powers with the electrical grid and the demand‐side load management. Their ability to simultaneously perform multiple tasks without the need of modifying their hardware structure classifies them as smart loads, distinguishing them from other types of compensators such as active filters, hybrid filters, dynamic voltage restorers, and distribution static VAR compensators, among others. In this work, an exhaustive review of ESs is carried out to cover their three main research trends, i.e. hardware structure evolution, different types of controllers, and applications in electric power distribution systems, SGs, and μGs. Moreover, their main advantages, disadvantages, and contributions in the power quality improvement are discussed. This review clarifies future research trends that have to be explored to advance the subject.
Mitigating the effects of geomagnetically induced currents in the power network
Authors: Hesami Naghshbandy Ali , Ghaderi Baayeh Arman , Faraji Ayda
Published: October 2020

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in long high‐voltage transmission lines cause half‐cycle saturation of transformers, malfunction of protective relays, reactive power loss, and voltage instability. This study describes the design for a GIC effects mitigation device (GEMD) that can be installed at a power system autotransformer common node connection to block the flow of GIC DC flux at the cores of the autotransformers. The devices consist of variable resistors, which are controlled by a wide‐area method based on particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed protective electrical devices is investigated and validated through simulation studies under many operational cases. The test results obtained from 648 cases verify the high performance of GEMD. The proposed method can mitigate the reactive power loss due to GIC in the power system with average improvements by 7.9 and 7.09% over resistive and capacitive blocking devices, respectively.
Element phase centre and orientation compensation in conformal arrays during continuous deformations based on spherical mode expansion
Authors: Wu Tao , Cui Xiao , Zhang Pengyu , Zhang Jing , Yang Liuxi
Published: October 2020

Radiation field of conformal arrays can be obtained by simulation computation. There must be a trade‐off between computation accuracy and complexity. With respect to applications where both high efficiency or even real‐time applications and accuracy are required, such as adaptive beamformers together with time‐varying array structures due to deformations or vibrations, more effective methodologies have to be employed for precise mainlobe direction maintenance and rigorous suppression of existing interferences. A method combining spherical mode expansion, rotation and translation of spherical waves, spatial displacement phase compensation, and approximations of constant element radiation patterns in local coordinate systems is proposed here, featuring one‐time numerical effort for isolated element radiation patterns, fast coupling matrix calculation based on updated array configuration, and analytical radiation field expressions with limited eigenmode expansion coefficients storage requirements. Adaptive beamformers are utilised to validate the effects of remaining approximations including constant element patterns in local coordinate systems and constant mutual coupling matrix, proving the proposed method has the potential for aircraft‐borne conformal antenna array radiation field analysis where deformations and vibrations occur continuously.
Vector‐fitting‐based quantitative SSCI analysis for series‐compensated wind power systems
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Xinghan , Li Zhuocheng , Xiao Xianyong , Xie Xiaorong , Wang Ying
Published: October 2020

The occurrence of unstable subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI) between wind farms and series‐compensated networks poses a considerable threat to the safety of power system. Different from the conventional eigenvalue analysis and Nyquist method, the black‐box‐model based RLC fitting technique becomes more attractive for the assessment of the SSCI risk. However, the method has merely been verified by radial networks whose SSCI mode can be well explained by an RLC circuit. A practical wind power system, however, can be meshed networks comprising multiple geographically distributed wind farms and series capacitors. Thus, it is questionable whether the application of the RLC fitting technique to such systems can still yield a sufficient accuracy. To clarify this aspect, in this work, the performance of RLC fitting in various test systems was examined. The results indicated that the aggregation technique considerably influences the accuracy of the assessment, and the RLC fitting cannot be applied when multiple series capacitors are involved in the SSCI mode. To address this problem, a more advanced frequency‐domain fitting technique known as vector fitting was adopted, and its robustness and effectiveness were verified considering a modified The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system.
Research on compliant configuration of hydraulic manipulator with passive following characteristic
Authors: Jiang Lin , Ren Lisheng , Pan Xiaoyue , Zhu Jianyang , Zhao Hui
Published: October 2020

To decrease the injury caused by an accidental collision between the hydraulic manipulator and human, a hydraulic rotating angle self‐servo compliant robot driver joint is designed. Based on this joint, a variable stiffness passive servo‐hydraulic rotary joint is improved. The passive follow‐up characteristics of the improved servo‐hydraulic rotary joint enable it to enter the low stiffness mode by itself when it encounters collisions beyond the force limit. Combining this characteristic, the research method of the hydraulic mechanical arm flexible configuration is proposed. Firstly, the joint motion mode is defined by the Euler angle, and a variety of configurations conforming to the motion characteristics of the manipulator are determined. Then, the virtual prototype and collision environment are built, and the dynamic characteristics of the end effector of the arm under high and low stiffness are measured. The results show that the flexible configurations with passive follow‐up characteristics can significantly suppress the collision force. Finally, the visual method is employed to solve, draw, and compare the workspace of the selected compliant configuration, to obtain the optimal compliant configuration with both flexibility and motion, which provides theoretical guidance for the subsequent design of the compliant manipulator.
Estimation of pulsatile flow and differential pressure based on multi‐layer perceptron using an axial flow blood pump
Authors: Caixin Dang , Shuai Wang , Zheqin Yu , Weiqiang Wu , Kun Wu , Jianping Tan
Published: October 2020

This study proposes a non‐invasive method for estimating the pulsating flow and pressure difference, which uses the blood pump estimation model based on a multi‐layer perceptron to calculate the flow and pressure difference under pulsating conditions. The model takes 11 parameters such as the rotational speed, power, and pulsation waveform of the blood pump as the input and uses the pressure difference and flow as the output. The experimental results of 119,590 sample data show that the flow error of the training set of the blood pump estimation model is 0.14 l/min and the pressure difference error is 7.50 mmHg; the flow error of the test set is 0.14 l/min and the pressure difference error is 7.50 mmHg. Compared with the traditional flow and pressure prediction method, this method has higher precision, which will provide a certain technical accumulation for accurately estimating the flow and pressure difference of the blood pump in the pulsating conditions.
Novel study on the pressure pulsation of the axial piston machines with even number of pistons
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Jing Chongbo , Bao Qianqian , Wu Wei
Published: October 2020

Flow and pressure ripples of axial piston machines have received sustained attentions by researcher in flow power domain. Traditionally, almost all the axial piston pumps have been designed with odd number of pistons. This study presents a novel study focusing on the actual flow and pressure pulsations of even number piston pump. A fluid dynamic model based on lumped parameter approach is presented to predict the flow and pressure performance of axial piston pumps. Particularly, the cylinder and valve plate are re‐designed to fit the ten‐piston pump based on a commercial pump. Both the simulation and test results show that the pressure pulsation rate of ten‐piston pump is actually few percent bigger than that of nine‐piston pump. The relative difference is much smaller than what has been expected by the theoretical flow calculation. Therefore, the design of axial piston machines with even number of pistons may be feasible in some circumstances.
Research on synchronisation control method of frequency and phase of pulsating blood pump
Authors: Wu Kun , Tan Jian‐Ping , Wang Shuai
Published: October 2020

At present, there exists a problem that the frequency and phase are not synchronised in the blood pump pulsation flow control. After analysing the time sequence of the blood pump‐heart coupling model, this study has designed a synchronous control strategy based on heart rate prediction and delay control. By predicting the next moment of cardiac action, the change in blood pump speed was delayed to match the frequency and phase of the cardiopulmonary system. The new prediction method increases the linear weight and state variables, and solves the problem that the traditional method has poor real‐time performance, and still has better detection accuracy. Through the synchronous tracking experiments of the blood pump, the feasibility of the method has been proved, and the technical accumulation of the fully synchronised blood pump pulsation flow control method could be provided in the future.
Safety design method of a civil aircraft cargo door actuation system
Authors: Danyang Wang , Haobang Xu , Xiaolu Wang , Hao Wu , Zhenjin Nie
Published: October 2020

A safety design method of a civil aircraft cargo door actuation system has been listed in this study in order to fulfil the requirements of airworthiness throughout the product's life circle, in which a safety design process has been illustrated to show the entire process which will have an impact on the function design. A safety analysis method of fault tree analysis has been chosen to realise the purpose, which is based on the fault modes provided from failure modes and effects analysis and the system reliability prediction results. A design refinement has been made according to the analysis results in order to realise a high safety system.
Numerical simulation of fluid–structure interaction with SPH method
Authors: Yang Yu , Shao Jiaru
Published: October 2020

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree, Lagrangian, particle method, which combines the advantages of Euler and Lagrangian method and has special advantages in simulating violent non‐linear fluid–structure interaction problems. In this study, an improved SPH method is used to simulate four fluid–structure interaction cases. Firstly, the violent flow in the mould filling process is simulated to validate that the SPH model can obtain accurate flow patterns with any complex solid boundaries. Secondly, the dam‐break flow against a vertical wall is simulated, and the pressure curves are compared with the experiment. Then liquid sloshing problems under different external excitations are simulated, and the complex coupling characteristics can be captured. Finally, the interactions between fluid and floating bodies are researched. The obtained numerical results show good agreement with the results from other sources, and clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented SPH method in modelling fluid–structure interaction problems.
Special equipment for processing inner holes in bending section of the main pipeline in nuclear power plant
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Wang Jingbo , Xu Guangchen , Qian Lin
Published: October 2020

Because of the special forging material and complex pipe structure of the main pipe of the AP1000 nuclear power plant, a single general equipment can not meet the requirements of machining the inner hole of the bending section. At present, most of them adopt the method of approaching theoretical dimension by manual grinding, which makes the labor intensity of workers large, the work cycle is long, and it is difficult to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece. In view of the practical difficulties in processing the elbow inner hole of nuclear power main pipeline, the copying processing equipment is designed. The fixed circular arc guide rail is used in the equipment. The arc curvature of the guide rail is the same as that of the workpiece. The boring cutter head moves axially along the fixed circular arc curvature guide rail for copying boring. After testing, it fully meets the requirements of the shape, position and size accuracy of the inner hole in the bending section of the nuclear power main pipeline. The method is efficient, accurate and innovative, and provides reference for similar product processing schemes.
Design and simulation of the accumulator for servomechanisms of launch vehicle
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhao Chun , Liu Xin , Zhao Shoujun , Zhang Xiaosha
Published: October 2020

The accumulator is a crucial component of the hydraulic power for servomechanisms of the launch vehicle, which has a significant effect on the performance and the mass power. Traditional design methods are mostly based on empirical formulas, which do not meet the requirements of the fine design of aerospace products. The physical model, the mathematical model of the accumulator and joint simulation model of the energy and the control loop are established, and parameters satisfying the extreme flight operation profiles are obtained, including the discharge volume, charge volume and charge pressure. The flight data of third‐stage servomechanisms of the Long March 3 series Launch Vehicle were analysed, which is consistent with the simulation data, indicating that the accumulator has exerted the maximum capability in the extreme flight condition, and the maximum mass power has been realised.
Precise radial velocities of giant stars
Authors: Pinto Marcelo Tala , Reffert Sabine , Quirrenbach Andreas , Stock Stephan , Trifonov Trifon , Mitchell David S.
Published: October 2020

Context. More than 100 exoplanets have been discovered around K and G giant stars, and their properties differ considerably from those of the planets found orbiting Sun-like and late-type main-sequence stars. This allows us to study the properties of planetary systems after the host star has evolved off the main-sequence, and it helps us to constrain planetary formation and evolution models.

Aims. Our aim is to find out whether the long-period radial velocity variations observed in four giant stars of the Lick survey are caused by orbiting planets, and to study the properties of the planet population as a function of the stellar evolutionary stage.

Methods. We analyzed 12 yr of precise radial velocity data for four stars of the Lick sample. In addition, we compared the planet frequency as a function of the evolutionary stage for two surveys, Lick and Express, based on the evolutionary stages derived using Bayesian inference.

Results. We report the discovery of two new exoplanets and three exoplanet candidates orbiting giant stars. The best Keplerian fits to the data yield minimum masses of 2.5 MJ and 4.3 MJ for the planets orbiting HD 25723 and 17 Sco, respectively. The minimum masses of an additional candidate around HD 25723, and of planet candidates around 3 Cnc and 44 UMa, would be 1.3 MJ, 20.7 MJ, and 12.1 MJ, respectively. In addition, we compute planet frequencies for the Lick and Express samples as a function of the evolutionary stage. Within each sample, the planet frequency for the horizontal branch stars is the same as for the red giant branch stars.

Conclusions. We have discovered two new exoplanets and three new exoplanet candidates, one of them being the second planet in a possible multi-planetary system. Based on our derived planet frequencies, we conclude that stellar evolution does not affect the number of observable planets between the red-giant and horizontal-branch evolutionary stages.
Extended photometric survey of near-Earth objects
Authors: Ieva S. , Dotto E. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Perna D. , Fanasca C. , Lazzarin M. , Bertini I. , Petropoulou V. , Rossi A. , Micheli M. , Perozzi E.
Published: October 2020

Context. The near-Earth objects (NEOs), whose proximity makes them the most accessible bodies in the Solar System, allow us to sample asteroids from tens of kilometers down to objects of a few meters in size. However, while the physical properties for the largest bodies are mostly known, we have very little physical information regarding the small NEOs. These objects today represent the overall majority among the ~2500 new discoveries each year, but they are usually only bright enough to be observable during their close approaches.

Aims. Our aim was to extend our survey that started in 2015 on the NEO population, using ground-based observations to characterize the fainter (and typically smaller) NEOs observable each night.

Methods. We performed BVRIz photometry of NEOs, making use of the DOLORES instrument at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG, La Palma, Spain) and the Asiago Schmidt telescope (Italy), in order to derive visible color indexes and the taxonomic classification for each target in our sample.

Results. We taxonomically classified 51 new NEOs for the first time. Together with data obtained in our previous work and collected by other surveys available online, we analyzed an extended sample of 1081 individual NEOs. While the overall majority of them belong to the S-complex, our analysis of the taxonomic distribution found a larger contribution for dark bodies going toward larger H, suggesting that they could be more abundant among the fainter NEOs. Moreover, we find an interesting correlation between semi-major axis and diameter, which could be in part related to the Yarkovsky effect. Rapid characterization of the fainter NEO population shortly after their discovery will be crucial in the future, before those bodies become too faint to be observed, or lost forever.
Long-Term Antithrombotic Treatments Prescribed for Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Hemophilia: Results from the French Registry
Authors: Guillet Benoît , Cayla Guillaume , Lebreton Aurélien , Trillot Nathalie , Wibaut Bénédicte , Falaise Céline , Castet Sabine , Gautier Philippe , Claeyssens Ségolène , Schved Jean-François
Published: October 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major issue in aging patients with hemophilia (PWHs). Antithrombotic agents are widely used in the general population for CVD treatment, but this recommendation is not fully applicable to PWHs. To improve treatment strategies, a prospective case–control study (COCHE) that analyzed CVD management and follow-up (2 years/patient) in PWHs was performed in France from 2011 to 2018. In total, 68 PWHs (median age: 65 years [39–89]; 48 mild, 10 moderate, and 10 severe hemophilia) were included (n = 50 with acute coronary syndrome, n = 17 with atrial fibrillation, n = 1 with both). They were matched with 68 control PWHs without antithrombotic treatment. In our series, bleeding was significantly influenced by (1) hemophilia severity, with a mean annualized bleeding ratio significantly higher in COCHE patients than in controls with basal clotting factor level up to 20%, (2) antihemorrhagic regimen (on-demand vs. prophylaxis) in severe (hazard ratio [HR] = 16.69 [95% confidence interval, CI: 8.2–47.26]; p < 0.0001) and moderate hemophilia (HR = 42.43 [95% CI: 1.86–966.1]; p = 0.0028), (3) type of antithrombotic treatment in mild hemophilia, with a significantly higher risk of bleeding in COCHE patients than in controls for dual-pathway therapy (HR = 15.64 [95% CI: 1.57–115.8]; p = 0.019), anticoagulant drugs alone (HR = 9.91 [95% CI: 1.34–73.47]; p = 0.0248), dual antiplatelet therapy (HR = 5.31 [95% CI: 1.23–22.92]; p = 0.0252), and single antiplatelet therapy (HR = 3.76 [95% CI: 1.13–12.55]; p = 0.0313); and (4) HAS-BLED score ≥3 (odds ratio [OR] = 33 [95% CI: 1.43–761.2]; p = 0.0065). Gastrointestinal bleeding was also significantly higher in COCHE patients than in controls (OR = 15 [95% CI: 1.84–268]; p = 0.0141). The COCHE study confirmed that antithrombotic treatments in PWHs are associated with increased bleeding rates in function of hemophilia-specific factors and also of known factors in the general population.
Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19
Authors: Schulman Sam , Hu Yu , Konstantinides Stavros
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is our latest pandemic, preceded by the H1N1 swine flu in 2009, which lasted approximately 19 months. One of the special characteristics of COVID-19 is the propensity to cause venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thromboinflammation seems to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis. We will here review some mechanisms in the pathogenesis and discuss some hematological biomarkers, and also whether they serve as useful risk factors for VTE. The role of general risk assessment models for medically ill patients specifically in COVID-19 is appraised. The type of prophylaxis and particularly whether standard or augmented doses of chemoprophylaxis should be used is reviewed based on available evidence. We are also comparing recommendations from 10 different guidance or position/consensus statements. Treatment recommendations for patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism are discussed with current general treatment guidelines as reference. Specifics for patients with COVID-19 are pointed out and the potential role of thrombolytic treatment is explored.
Simple transformations capture auditory input to cortex
Authors: Rahman Monzilur , Willmore Ben D. B. , King Andrew J. , Harper Nicol S.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Sensory systems are extremely complex, with diverse neurons and connections. However, this does not necessarily imply that the computations performed by these systems are also as complex. Here we examine the impact of processing in the ear and subcortical pathway on neural responses to natural sounds in the auditory cortex. We find that this can be described more consistently using simple spectral models. This suggests that there may be an underlying simplicity to the signal transformation from ear to cortex that is hidden among the detail. This hidden simplicity may be a feature of other sensory systems too.
Nearly free surface silanols are the critical molecular moieties that initiate the toxicity of silica particles
Authors: Pavan Cristina , Santalucia Rosangela , Leinardi Riccardo , Fabbiani Marco , Yakoub Yousof , Uwambayinema Francine , Ugliengo Piero , Tomatis Maura , Martra Gianmario , Turci Francesco , Lison Dominique , Fubini Bice
Published: October 2020

Significance

Silica particles with a population of nearly free silanols damage cellular membranes and initiate inflammatory reactions. Nearly free silanols are found on the surface of both fractured quartz and amorphous silica particles, and their occurrence initiates the toxicity of silica, thus revisiting the ancient paradigm whereby crystallinity is critical for silica toxicity. This finding resolves the lingering questions about the origin and the variability of the toxicity of silica particles. The discovery of the biological activity of nearly free silanols opens perspectives for the prevention of silicosis through a safer-by-design approach, and will have an impact on other fields that involve interfacial phenomena, including biomaterial design, nanofabrication, and catalysis.
HLA tapasin independence: broader peptide repertoire and HIV control
Authors: Bashirova Arman A. , Viard Mathias , Naranbhai Vivek , Grifoni Alba , Garcia-Beltran Wilfredo , Akdag Marjan , Yuki Yuko , Gao Xiaojiang , O’hUigin Colm , Raghavan Malini , Wolinsky Steven , Bream Jay H. , Duggal Priya , Martinson Jeremy , Michael Nelson L. , Kirk Gregory D. , Buchbinder Susan P. , Haas David , Goedert James J. , Deeks Steven G. , Fellay Jacques , Walker Bruce , Goulder Philip , Cresswell Peter , Elliott Tim , Sette Alessandro , Carlson Jonathan , Carrington Mary
Published: October 2020

Significance

HLA class I molecules bind antigenic peptides and present them on the cell surface to cytotoxic T cells to initiate immune responses. The peptide selection process occurs intracellularly with the aid of a molecule called tapasin. HLA class I molecules are highly variable, which influences their structural characteristics and the level of tapasin involvement in peptide selection. We measured tapasin dependence levels of nearly 100 HLA variants and found that the level of tapasin dependence negatively correlates with the number of peptides that the HLA class I molecule presents to T cells, thereby affecting breadth of the immune response. Analysis of HLA genotypes in HIV cohorts reveals that greater tapasin independence associates with slower disease progression and lower viral load.
Child and Adult Attachment Styles among Individuals Who Have Committed Filicide: The Case for Examining Attachment by Gender
Authors: Eriksson L. , Arnautovska U. , McPhedran S. , Mazerolle P. , Wortley R.
Published: October 2020

Gender differences in self-reported attachment styles of 18 individuals who had committed filicide were examined. Insecure attachment styles (avoidant and/or anxious-ambivalent) to primary caregivers were particularly common among males. Almost all experienced insecure romantic attachment. Partial support for insecure attachment continuity (childhood to adulthood), particularly among men, was found. Comparisons with 283 men and women who had committed other homicide types revealed that filicide males were the most common (across offender gender and victim-offender relationship) to hold insecure attachment to maternal caregivers. The role and nature of attachment patterns should be extended beyond the existing research focus on maternal filicide.
A framework for effective knowledge translation and performance delivery of Sport Scientists in professional sport
Authors: Bartlett Jonathan D. , Drust Barry
Published: October 2020

Sport Science is considered the study and application of scientific principles and techniques to improve sporting performance. Thus, a key role of the Sport Scientist is to translate complex information into usable and contextual performance solutions for a range of different stakeholders. These stakeholders consist of athletes, coaches, recruiting, performance support, medical, administration and operations staff and have varying interests and priorities meaning the information required can be vastly different. In addition to these different needs, sport is fast‐moving, diverse and complex meaning there are a number of potential translational barriers. Sport Science training programmes entail the development of technical knowledge and practical skills; however, little is considered in view of interpersonal craft skill development and knowledge translation (KT). Given the reported barriers and challenges to effective KT in sport, this lack of specific training may render KT as ineffective and suboptimal. Accordingly, in this article, we propose a framework and work‐based training model with the aim of developing the KT process and performance delivery of Sport Scientists operating in professional sport. Firstly, we define the current perspectives and challenges for Sport Scientists in the context of KT, before proposing a framework that focusses on Evidence‐Based‐Practice, Philosophy, Recipients and Facilitation, in which Sport Scientists can use to develop their interpersonal craft and subsequent KT approach. We finish by presenting a model of sport science practitioner training; the professional sport‐doctoral training programme, that combined with the framework, can be effective in developing Sport Scientists.
On the differential geometry of numerical schemes and weak solutions of functional equations
Authors: Magnot Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2020

We exhibit differential geometric structures that arise in numerical methods, based on the construction of Cauchy sequences, that are currently used to prove explicitly the existence of weak solutions to functional equations. We describe the geometric framework, highlight several examples and describe how two well-known proofs fit with our setting. The first one is a re-interpretation of the classical proof of an implicit functions theorem in an inverse limit of branch setting, for which our setting enables us to state an implicit functions theorem without additional norm estimates, and the second one is the finite element method of a Dirichlet problem where the set of triangulations appears as a smooth set of parameters. In both cases, smooth dependence on the set of parameters is established. Before that, we develop the necessary theoretical tools, namely the notion of Cauchy diffeology on spaces of Cauchy sequences and a new generalization of the notion of tangent space to a diffeological space.
Upgrading and reuse of glass fibre recycled from end-of-life composites
Authors: Thomason J L , Yang L , Pender K
Published: October 2020

The value of recycled glass fibres is significantly reduced due to the loss of fibre strength and surface functionality that occurs during recycling. Results are presented from the ReCoVeR project on the regeneration of the strength of thermally conditioned glass fibres. Thermal recycling of end-of-life glass fibre reinforced composites or composite manufacturing waste delivers fibres with virtually no residual strength or value. Composites produced from such fibres also have extremely poor mechanical performance. Data is presented showing that a short hot alkali treatment of glass fibres which have been heat treated at typical composite recycling temperatures can more than triple their strength and restore their ability to act as an effective reinforcement in second life composite materials. Glass fibre recovered from fluidised bed recycling of composite materials exhibited much greater levels of mechanical abrasion damage. However, the strength of these fibres could also be increased to levels required in composite reinforcement by longer or more aggressive alkali treatment. The implications of these results for real materials reuse of recycled glass fibres as replacement for pristine reinforcement fibres are discussed.
Numerical and experimental analyses in composites processing: impregnation, heat transfer, resin cure and residual stresses
Authors: Bo Salling Filip , Sandberg Michael , Spangenberg Jon , Hattel Jesper H
Published: October 2020

This is a literature review of the published scientific results by the authors on numerical modelling and experimental characterization of composites processing with a focus on the resin injection pultrusion (RIP) process. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to obtain cure kinetic parameters for an epoxy resin system. The cure kinetic parameters are used for thermo-chemical simulations of the RIP process which are subsequently validated by temperature measurements. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) are used to characterize the microstructure of a glass fiber reinforced polyurethane profile. SEM was used to obtain the variation in cross-sectional fiber volume fraction and subsequently relating this variation to permeability. XCT was used to obtain individual fiber inclination and relating these inclinations to the observed reduction in longitudinal stiffness as proposed in literature by Herbert Krenchel. Considering multi-physics modelling of the RIP process two new state-of-the-art approaches are summarized in this work: i) a coupled flow-thermo-chemical model necessary for thick-section profiles, and ii) a steady state 3D-Eulerian approach for thermo-chemical-mechanical simulations showing a significant increase in computational performance compared with the traditional Lagrangian approach. Finally a study by Mortensen et al., on how to minimize residual stresses by minimizing the gelation temperature is reviewed.
Blade materials selection influence on sustainability: a case study through LCA
Authors: Chiesura G , Stecher H , Pagh Jensen J
Published: October 2020

In this study, the environmental influence that blade materials have on the entire wind turbine lifecycle is considered. In order to quantify and compare the effects that a specific material’s choice has with respect to one another, Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools are used. Specific focus is addressed on aspects related to the wind turbine rotor-blade and how that affects the whole turbine. The blade lifecycle is divided into five main stages: (1) raw material sourcing, (2) blade manufacturing, (3) blade installation, (4) Operation and Maintenance (O&M) and (5) End-of-Life (EoL). Materials sourcing is found responsible for the largest contribution in Green House Gas (GHG) emission in the turbine and blade lifecycle. Particularly, a case study on a representative blade production in Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (SGRE) is disclosed and compared to a hypothetical blade production where a recyclable resin system is being used. The lifecycle assessment shows a 28% reduced amount of GHG emissions when the recyclable resin system is employed. By employing such resin system most of blade materials could be separated and re-used at the blade EoL, enabling a 90% blade recycling rate. An even greater advantage of achieving blade circularity is therefore envisioned.
Modelling of chemical shrinkage evolution with curing degree of a filled epoxy adhesive
Authors: Holst T , Sayer F , Antoniou A
Published: October 2020

An epoxy adhesive system, commonly used in wind turbine blade manufacturing, is experimentally investigated with respect to its chemical shrinkage behavior to show the shrinkage evolution within rotor blade production related process conditions. Therefore, a new test configuration is set up to record the resulting chemical shrinkage of the adhesive at cross-linking temperatures ranging from 20°C to 90°C. The respective conversion evolution is simulated under several temperature conditions through a curing kinetics model. This is generated with state of the art formulations, implementing test results from a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Moreover, the transformation of the curing degree to the corresponding glass transition temperature (Tg
) is performed through an experimentally based Di-Benedetto curve-fitting. By the combination of curing kinetics and chemical shrinkage test data, a model for the temperature and conversion dependant chemical shrinkage evolution during cure is developed. This is applied to a realistic curing cycle for adhesive materials in rotor blade production.
Combatting rain erosion of offshore wind turbine blades by co-bonded thermoplastic-thermoset hybrid composites
Authors: Seyyed Monfared Zanjani Jamal , Baran Ismet , Akkerman Remko
Published: October 2020

An integrated thermoplastic-thermoset hybrid leading edge protection system is developed based on the co-bonding process. Co-bonding is a joining method in which a prefabricated part joints with a thermoset composite during the curing process. In such a multi-material hybrid design, the reliability of the bonding between the prefabricated protection layer and the main body of the blade is of crucial importance to prevent any delamination failures. Nevertheless, the adhesion of prefabricated thermoplastics to the thermoset remains a challenge as the interphase between two dissimilar materials is prone to form defects and irregularities. Such interface defects may lead to early failure and reduced structural integrity of the components. Therefore, the focus of this study is on achieving a strong, and reliable bonding between the prefabricated thermoplastic leading edge protection system and thermoset main body of the blade. In this study, the effect of processing temperature on the interphase quality and thickness during the co-bonding process is investigated. Next, mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the interphases are examined by Vickers’ microhardness tests. The effect of processing condition on the fracture toughness of structure is examined by climbing drum peel tests (CDP). Finally, fractography investigations are used to provide an understanding of failure mechanisms and its correlations with interphase morphology and microstructure.