bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To trust or not to trust: social decision‐making in post‐institutionalized, internationally adopted youth
Authors: Pitula Clio E. , Wenner Jennifer A. , Gunnar Megan R. , Thomas Kathleen M.
Published: April 2016

Chronic parental maltreatment has been associated with lower levels of interpersonal trust, and depriving environments have been shown to predict short‐sighted, risk‐averse decision‐making. The present study examined whether a circumscribed period of adverse care occurring only early in life was associated with biases in trust behavior. Fifty‐three post‐institutionalized (PI) youth, adopted internationally on average by 1 year of age, and 33 never‐institutionalized, non‐adopted youth (Mage = 12.9 years) played a trust game. Participants decided whether or not to share coins with a different anonymous peer in each trial with the potential to receive a larger number of coins in return. Trials were presented in blocks that varied in the degree to which the peers behaved in a trustworthy (reciprocal) or untrustworthy (non‐reciprocal) manner. A comparison condition consisted of a computerized lottery with the same choices and probabilistic risk as the peer trials. Non‐adopted comparison youth showed a tendency to share more with peers than to invest in the lottery and tended to maintain their level of sharing across trials despite experiencing trials in which peers failed to reciprocate. In contrast, PI children, particularly those who were adopted over 1 year of age, shared less with peers than they invested in the lottery and quickly adapted their sharing behavior to peers’ responses. These results suggest that PI youth were more mistrusting, more sensitive to both defection and reciprocation, and potentially more accurate in their trusting decisions than comparison youth. Results support the presence of a sensitive period for the development of trust in others, whereby conditions early in life may set long‐term biases in decision‐making.
Psychiatric morbidity in children with KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes
Authors: Bowman P. , Broadbridge E. , Knight B. A. , Pettit L. , Flanagan S. E. , Reville M. , Tonks J. , Shepherd M. H. , Ford T. J. , Hattersley A. T.
Published: April 2016

Aims

Mutations in the KCNJ11 gene, which encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the pancreatic KATP channel, cause neonatal diabetes. KCNJ11 is also expressed in the brain, and ~ 20% of those affected have neurological features, which may include features suggestive of psychiatric disorder. No previous studies have systematically characterized the psychiatric morbidity in people with KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes. We aimed to characterize the types of psychiatric disorders present in children with KCNJ11 mutations, and explore their impact on families.

Methods

The parents and teachers of 10 children with neonatal diabetes due to KCNJ11 mutations completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Development and Wellbeing Assessment. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were compared with normative data. Diagnoses from the Development and Wellbeing Assessment were compared with known clinical diagnoses.

Results

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores indicated high levels of psychopathology and impact. Psychiatric disorder(s) were present in all six children with the V59M or R201C mutation, and the presence of more than one psychiatric disorder was common. Only two children had received a formal clinical diagnosis, with a further one awaiting assessment, and the coexistence of more than one psychiatric disorder had been missed. Neurodevelopmental (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism) and anxiety disorders predominated.

Conclusions

Systematic assessment using standardized validated questionnaires reveals a range of psychiatric morbidity in children with KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes. This is under‐recognized clinically and has a significant impact on affected children and their families. An integrated collaborative approach to clinical care is needed to manage the complex needs of people with KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes.
A large‐scale latitudinal pattern of life‐history traits in a strictly univoltine damselfly
Authors: SNIEGULA SZYMON , GOLAB MARIA J. , JOHANSSON FRANK
Published: April 2016

1. Variation in thermal conditions and season length along latitudinal gradients affect body size‐related traits over different life stages. Selection is expected to optimise these size traits in response to the costs and benefits.

2. Egg, hatchling, larval and adult size in males and females were estimated along a latitudinal gradient of 2730 km across Europe in the univoltine damselfly Lestes sponsa, using a combination of field‐collection and laboratory‐rearing experiments. In the laboratory, individuals were grown in temperatures and photoperiod simulating those at the latitude of origin, and in common‐garden conditions.

3. The size of adults sampled in nature was negatively correlated with latitude. In all populations the females were larger than the males. Results from simulated and common‐garden rearing experiments supported this pattern of size difference across latitudes and between sexes, suggesting a genetic component for the latitudinal size trend and female‐biased size dimorphism. In contrast, hatchling size showed a positive relationship with latitude, but egg size, although differing between latitudes, showed no such relationship.

4. The results support a converse Bergmann cline, i.e. a negative body size cline towards the north. This negative cline in body size is probably driven by progressively stronger seasonal time and temperature constraints towards the higher latitudes and by the obligate univoltine life cycle of L. sponsa. As egg size showed no relationship with latitude, other environmental factors besides temperature, such as desiccation risk, probably affect this trait.
Creating a Space for Acknowledgment and Generativity in Reflective Group Supervision
Authors: Paré David
Published: April 2016

Small group supervision is a powerful venue for generative conversations because of the multiplicity of perspectives available and the potential for an appreciative audience to a practitioner's work. At the same time, the well‐intentioned reflections by a few practitioners in a room can inadvertently duplicate normative discourses that circulate in the wider culture and the profession. This article explores the use of narrative practices for benefiting from the advantages of group supervision while mindful of the vulnerability that comes with sharing one's work among colleagues. The reflective group supervision processes described were modified from the work of Tom Andersen and Michael White to provide a venue that encourages the creative multiplicity of group conversation while discouraging unhelpful discourses which constrain generative conversation.
Survey of Australasian geriatricians’ satisfaction with, and preferences for, continuing professional development
Authors: Etherton‐Beer C. , Katz B. , Naganathan V. ,   for the Geriatric Medicine Education and Training Committee of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine
Published: April 2016

Background

Continuing professional development (CPD) is an obligation for all Australasian geriatricians; however, there are no systematic data regarding Australian and New Zealand geriatricians’ satisfaction with, and preferences for, CPD.

Aims

To inform understanding of Australasian geriatricians’ satisfaction with, and preferences for, CPD.

Methods

An electronic survey to collect data relating to demographics, current CPD activities, preferred CPD activities and perceived major barriers to CPD was distributed to 706 geriatricians in Australia and New Zealand.

Results

Two hundred and thirteen (30%) responses were received. Respondents commonly reported CPD through participation in conferences (n = 205 (96%)) and research/educational activity (n = 146 (70%)). Most respondents agreed that the annual scientific meeting (n = 168 (79%)) and state‐based meetings (n = 135 (63%)) are valuable for their CPD. Respondents perceived their professional (n = 155 (73%)) and non‐professional (n = 21 (57%)) commitments as the major barriers to quality CPD. Respondents supported additional electronic CPD resources being made available, improved integration of assessment in CPD activities and flexible methods of CPD participation to meet the diverse needs of geriatricians.

Conclusions

Respondents perceived the face–to‐face CPD opportunities currently available to them as valuable for their CPD but seek additional, flexible products to enable CPD participation based on individual needs and preferences.
Peyer's patches: organizing B‐cell responses at the intestinal frontier
Authors: Reboldi Andrea , Cyster Jason G.
Published: April 2016

Secondary lymphoid tissues share the important function of bringing together antigens and rare antigen‐specific lymphocytes to foster induction of adaptive immune responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are unique compared to other secondary lymphoid tissues in their continual exposure to an enormous diversity of microbiome‐ and food‐derived antigens and in the types of pathogens they encounter. Antigens are delivered to PPs by specialized microfold (M) epithelial cells and they may be captured and presented by resident dendritic cells (DCs). In accord with their state of chronic microbial antigen exposure, PPs exhibit continual germinal center (GC) activity. These GCs not only contribute to the generation of B cells and plasma cells producing somatically mutated gut antigen‐specific IgA antibodies but have also been suggested to support non‐specific antigen diversification of the B‐cell repertoire. Here, we review current understanding of how PPs foster B‐cell encounters with antigen, how they favor isotype switching to the secretory IgA isotype, and how their GC responses may uniquely contribute to mucosal immunity.
Views on helper/cytotoxic lineage choice from a bottom‐up approach
Authors: Taniuchi Ichiro
Published: April 2016

There has been speculation as to how bi‐potent CD4+ CD8+ double‐positive precursor thymocytes choose their distinct developmental fate, becoming either CD4+ helper or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Based on the clear correlation of αβT cell receptor (TCR) specificity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes with this lineage choice, various studies have attempted to resolve this question by examining the cellular signaling events initiated by TCR engagements, a strategy referred to as a ‘top‐down’ approach. On the other hand, based on the other correlation of CD4/CD8 co‐receptor expression with its selected fate, other studies have addressed this question by gradually unraveling the sequential mechanisms that control the phenotypic outcome of this fate decision, a method known as the ‘bottom‐up’ approach. Bridging these two approaches will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how TCR signals are coupled with developmental programs in the nucleus. Advances made during the last two decades seemed to make these two approaches more closely linked. For instance, identification of two transcription factors, ThPOK and Runx3, which play central roles in the development of helper and cytotoxic lineages, respectively, provided significant insights into the transcriptional network that controls a CD4/CD8 lineage choice. This review summarizes achievements made using the ‘bottom‐up’ approach, followed by a perspective on future pathways toward coupling TCR signaling with nuclear programs.
Acanthamoeba culbertsoni: Electron‐Dense Granules in a Highly Virulent Clinical Isolate
Authors: Chávez‐Munguía Bibiana , Salazar‐Villatoro Lizbeth , Omaña‐Molina Maritza , Espinosa‐Cantellano Martha , Ramírez‐Flores Elizabeth , Lorenzo‐Morales Jacob , Martínez‐Palomo Adolfo
Published: April 2016

The virulence of various amoebic parasites has been correlated with the presence of electron‐dense granules (EDGs) in the cytoplasm of trophozoites. Here, we report the finding by transmission electron microscopy of a large number of EDGs in a recent culture of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, isolated from a severe case of human keratitis. When this isolate was maintained in culture for 6 mo, the granules almost disappeared. However, after induction of mice brain lesions with the long‐term cultured isolate, recovered amoebas had abundant EDGs. Trophozoites of the original isolate, or those recovered from experimental lesions, secreted EDGs into the medium when incubated with MDCK cells. To analyze a possible cytotoxic effect the conditioned medium was incubated with MDCK monolayers. After 5 h, the media containing EDGs produced opening of the tight junctions; at 24 h, cell viability was compromised, and at 48 h most of the cells were detached from the monolayer. In contrast, trophozoites in long‐term cultures did not release EDGs to the medium during incubation with MDCK cells, and the corresponding conditioned medium did not have any effect on MDCK monolayers. Our observations further support the hypothesis that EDGs play a role in the cytopathogenic mechanisms of A. culbertsoni.
Resolution enhancement by extrapolation of coherent diffraction images: a quantitative study on the limits and a numerical study of nonbinary and phase objects
Authors: LATYCHEVSKAIA T. , CHUSHKIN Y. , FINK H.‐W.
Published: April 2016

In coherent diffractive imaging, the resolution of the reconstructed object is limited by the numerical aperture of the experimental setup. We present here a theoretical and numerical study for achieving super‐resolution by postextrapolation of coherent diffraction images, such as diffraction patterns or holograms. We demonstrate that a diffraction pattern can unambiguously be extrapolated from only a fraction of the entire pattern and that the ratio of the extrapolated signal to the originally available signal is linearly proportional to the oversampling ratio. Although there could be in principle other methods to achieve extrapolation, we devote our discussion to employing iterative phase retrieval methods and demonstrate their limits. We present two numerical studies; namely, the extrapolation of diffraction patterns of nonbinary and that of phase objects together with a discussion of the optimal extrapolation procedure.
A Prospective evaluation of outcomes for midface rejuvenation with mesh suspension thread: “REEBORN lift”
Authors: Han So‐Eun , Go Ju Young , Pyon Jai‐Kyong , Oh Kap Sung
Published: April 2016

Background and Aim

In the evolution of facial rejuvenative methods, thread lifts have gained popularity among patients who require mild degree of cosmetic improvement. The REEBORN (PrestigeMedicare, South Korea, Gyeonggi‐do) is a newly developed type of mesh suspension thread composed of implantable mesh and barbed thread. In this article, we presented our experience with midface rejuvenation using novel modified mesh suspension thread including reliable esthetic results and minimal complications.

Methods

Prospective record analysis was conducted for 20 female patients who underwent REEBORN thread Lifting. To validate acceptable surgical results, three physicians rated the severity of nasolabial folds and marionette lines of patients. The patients were also asked to complete a questionnaire about satisfaction with this procedure and following adverse effects.

Results

The mean operation time was 40 min, and surgery‐related complications included two minor complications. Significant improvement in wrinkle severity was observed at 6 months after thread lifting (P < 0.0001). Patients showed high satisfaction with surgical results (≥90%) and procedure (≥80%).

Conclusions

Although further follow‐up and more studies are required to prove long‐term efficacy of emerging technique, our early experience has been positive. We are expected to provide sufficient holding power apart from cogs; in addition, fixation mesh is ensured by the implantable distal mesh that provides long lasting maintenance in thread lifting rejuvenation.
Aqueous alteration of chondrules from the Murchison CM carbonaceous chondrite: Replacement, pore filling, and the genesis of polyhedral serpentine
Authors: Lee M. R. , Lindgren P.
Published: April 2016

Forsterite and clinoenstatite in type IAB chondrules from the Murchison CM carbonaceous chondrite have been partially serpentinized, and the mechanisms of their alteration reveal crystallographic and microstructural controls on the reaction of silicate minerals with parent body aqueous solutions. Grains of forsterite were altered in two stages. Narrow veinlets of Fe‐rich serpentine formed first and by the filling of sheet pores. Most of these pores were oriented parallel to (010) and (001) and had been produced by earlier fracturing and/or congruent dissolution. In the second stage, the subset of veinlets that were oriented parallel to (001) was widened accompanying the replacement of forsterite by Mg‐Fe serpentine. This reaction proceeded most rapidly parallel to [001], and crystallographic controls on the trajectory of retreating vein walls created fine‐scale serrations. Murchison clinoenstatite grains have a skeletal appearance due to the presence of abundant veinlets and patches of phyllosilicate. Two alteration stages can again be recognized, with initial water–mineral interaction producing tochilinite‐rich veinlets by the filling of (001)‐parallel contraction cracks. Pores then formed by congruent dissolution that was guided principally by orthopyroxene lamellae, and they were subsequently filled by submicrometer‐sized crystals of polyhedral serpentine. This finding that Murchison forsterite and clinoenstatite grains have been altered demonstrates that aqueous processing of magnesium silicate minerals started much earlier in CM parent body history than previously believed. Our results also show that the occurrence of polyhedral serpentine can be used to locate former pore spaces within the parent body.
The hitchhiker's guide to becoming invasive: exotic mosquitoes spread across a US state by human transport not autonomous flight
Authors: Egizi Andrea , Kiser Jay , Abadam Charles , Fonseca Dina M.
Published: April 2016

Not all exotic species establish and expand aggressively (i.e. become invasive). As potential vectors of disease agents, invasive mosquitoes can have considerable impact on public health, livestock and wildlife; therefore, understanding the species characteristics and ecological circumstances promoting their invasiveness is important. The mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus, originally from north‐east Asia, was introduced at least two separate times to the north‐eastern USA, as surmised from the initial existence of two populations with distinct nuclear and mitochondrial genetic signatures that later intermixed. Since these original introductions in the late 1990s, Ae. j. japonicus has expanded across 31 US states, two Canadian provinces and five European countries. Although some of the expanded range was due to other independent introductions, to understand what drove the postintroduction expansion of Ae. j. japonicus within the north‐eastern USA, we performed a high‐resolution landscape genetic analysis of 461 specimens collected across Virginia, a state south of the original introductions. All specimens were genotyped at seven pre‐optimized microsatellite loci, and a subsample was sequenced at one mitochondrial locus. We concluded that throughout Virginia this species has primarily expanded in association with humans: genetic distance and distance along roads remained correlated after controlling for geographic distance, and proximity to I‐95, a major interstate highway, strongly predicted nuclear ancestry. In contrast, there was very limited evidence of diffusion even at distances potentially suitable for autonomous mosquito flight. This implies that its association with humans (rather than innate species characteristics) is the single most important determinant of invasiveness in this mosquito.
Netherton Syndrome Mimicking Pustular Psoriasis: Clinical Implications and Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Small Alison M. , Cordoro Kelly M.
Published: April 2016

We present two cases of Netherton syndrome mimicking pustular psoriasis and discuss potential pathomechanisms of clinical and histologic similarities between Netherton syndrome and pustular psoriasis and implications for management.
Coming Together or Drifting Apart? Income Maintenance in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Pierson Chris , Humpage Louise
Published: April 2016

There is a long‐standing debate in the comparative welfare state literature as to whether social policy regimes come to look more alike over time (“converge”) or else retain their distinctiveness. In this article, we explore this question through a detailed interrogation of the social policy record since 1996 of three states widely classified as “liberal:” Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Overall, we find that the social/economic pressures faced by all three countries are more similar now than they were two decades ago and that each has sought to legitimize its policy response to the global financial crisis (GFC) in similar ways. In terms of the three policy areas we explore, we find convergence is much more substantial in “welfare‐to‐work” than in either child‐contingent support or pensions. But we also find that any straightforward convergence story is unsustainable, despite the GFC and accelerating globalization, and partisan effects remain important.

Related Articles

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Wagle, Udaya R. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 947‐984. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12053/abstract

König, Pascal D. 2015. “.” Policy & Politics 43 (): 647‐678. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12130/abstract

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Blyth, Mark. 2010. Mark Blyth on Austerity. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=go2bVGi0ReE

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Sino‐African Relations: A Review and Reconciliation of Dominant Schools of Thought
Authors: Asongu Simplice A.
Published: April 2016

This article reviews about 100 papers on Sino‐African relations published during the past five years, for the most part, to put some structure on the existing strands. The literature is classified into dominant schools of thought, namely the: neocolonial or pessimistic; balance‐development or optimistic; and accommodation schools. After the classification, I reconcile the schools of thought in light of dominant themes and debates on development models, inter alia: (1) pessimists versus optimists; (2) preferences of rights in development models (economic vs. political, national vs. human, and sovereign vs. idiosyncratic); (3) the Washington Consensus (WC) versus the Beijing Model (BM); and (4) an African Consensus in both the WC and BM. Both the first and second schools have core values articulated by the New Partnership for Africa's Development. Policy implications are discussed with emphasis on: China's growing role, fighting Africa's poverty, and a more holistic conception of “rights.”

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Hu, Shaohua. 2007. “.” Politics & Policy 35 (): 136‐153. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00051.x/pdf

Wise, Carol, and
Cintia Quiliconi. 2007. “.” Politics & Policy 35 (): 410‐438. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00067.x/abstract

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Fighting for Our Cause: The Impact of Women's NGOs on Gender Policy Adoption in Four Former Soviet Republics
Authors: Bingham Natasha
Published: April 2016

This work explores how women's nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have contributed to the policy‐making process in former Soviet republics. This work uses logistic regression to explore how women's NGOs have affected the passage of violence against women and human trafficking measures in the post‐Soviet states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova from 1993 to 2008. The results indicate that women's groups influence the policy process beyond agenda setting and bill introduction and play an important role in the passage of violence against women and human trafficking statutes. This article adds to the literature on organized interests and the policy process in the post‐Soviet region and in newly democratizing countries.

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Hankivsky, Olena. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 629‐655. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12037/abstract

Jyrkinen, Marjut. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 73‐100. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00162.x/abstract

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Assessment of human platelet survival in the NOD/SCID mouse model: technical considerations
Authors: Fuhrmann Julia , Jouni Rabie , Alex Jenny , Zöllner Heike , Wesche Jan , Greinacher Andreas , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

The NOD/SCID mouse model is a unique and sophisticated method to study the survival of human platelets (PLTs) in vivo. Meanwhile, several research groups adopted this model to analyze a wide range of PLT antibodies. Differences exist between the research groups regarding the method of PLT injection, the amount and route of antibody injection, and the preparation of blood samples collected from the animal, making it difficult to compare results between studies.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We compared the survival of human PLTs infused into NOD/SCID mice via the tail vein or the retro‐orbital plexus. The percentage of circulating human PLTs in the mouse circulation was determined by flow cytometry. Murine blood samples were prepared using two different methods: 1) direct fixation of whole blood samples and 2) isolation of PLTs by density gradient centrifugation.

RESULTS

Recovery of human PLTs after tail vein injection was comparable to retro‐orbital injection (13% vs. 11% of all circulating PLTs, p = 0.401). However, the survival rate of tail vein–infused PLTs was higher than that of retro‐orbitally injected PLTs (median PLT survival after 5 hr 84% vs. 56%, p = 0.025). Moreover, we observed that determination of circulating human PLTs in directly fixed murine whole blood samples shows better reproducibility compared to the density gradient centrifugation method.

CONCLUSIONS

Tail vein injection of human PLTs into the NOD/SCID mice is superior to retro‐orbital injection in terms of human PLT survival. Direct fixation of whole blood samples allows better reproducibility of results compared to the density gradient centrifugation method.
HIGHLY COMMERCIAL FISHERIES TAWAR FISH: MOLECULAR ANALYSIS DNA MITOCHONDRIAL COI GENE SEQUENCE AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS FROM MALACCA STRAIT, RIAU
Authors: Pringgenis Delianis , Susilowati Ragil
Published: April 2016

Tawar fish is one of fish that live at the Coast of Malacca strait, Riau. Even though they live at sea but the local community has mentioned it as “tawar” fish, which means freshwater fish. Tawar fish is not found in the other place. The most interesting thing of this fish is their dried swim bladder that have an expensive price can reach as much as IDR 15 000 000                 (± USD 1 200) per kg. The local community usually sell them directly to Singapore. The myth has found that this swim bladder is useful for health and could recover diseases although the actual benefit for health has not been well explored. The aim of this research was to investigate molecular approach with PCR amplification COI gene (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) and by means proximate analysis on the content muscle and swim bladder. The result showed that tawar fish (FBR_BCL with accession number LC064301) have 92 % sequence similarity with Boesemania microlepsis. While through the proximate analysis, it was found that this species had high protein mainly in swim bladder as much as 36.21 %. Boesemania microlepsis (Bleeker, 1858) have an economic value.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PHYCOCYANIN MICROCAPSULES USING MALTODEXTRIN AND CARRAGEENAN AS COATING MATERIALS
Authors: Nurcahya Dewi Eko , Purnamayati Lukita , Ayu Kurniasih Retno
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of phycocyanin microcapsules from Spirulina sp. using maltodextrin (MD) and carrageenan (C) as coating materials. Microcapsules were prepared with five different variations concentration of carrageenan in maltodextrin i.e. 0 %; 0.25 %; 0.5 %; 0.75 %, and 1.0 % (w/w). Results indicated that microcapsule with C 1.0 % of phycocyanin showed higher value in parameters evaluated, i.e. encapsulation yield (12.89 ± 0.289) %, moisture content (8.36 ± 0.059) %, phycocyanin content (2.83 ± 0.072) % and antioxidant activity (49.05 ± 1.017) %. The results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) microstructures showed that microcapsules with only maltodextrin (C 0 %) as coating material were cracked. It was found that all of microparticles had irregular spherical appearances and various sizes, but the carrageenan had flake appearances.
COMPARATION OF SPINY LOBSTER (Panulirus Sp.) POPULATIONS FROM BANTUL AND CILACAP, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Eko Dwi Haryono Florencius , Hutabarat Sahala , Hutabarat Johannes , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto
Published: April 2016

Spiny lobster is known as a marine organism which is one of the popular seafood and has a high price. As a result, many lobsters are caught by fishermen. This study compares the spiny lobster captured from two different areas in southern coast of Central Java, namely Bantul and Cilacap. Samplings were done with nets which are usually used by fishermen. Further identification of the species was done, as well as the length and weight measurements. The results showed that the lobsters caught were dominated by Panulirus homarus. Most lobsters caught in the small size category. These results raise the concern of impending shortages of spiny lobster in nature. It also suggests that an integrated resource management is needed to sustain the natural population and to meet the high demand of spiny lobster.
CRUDE CATHEPSIN ACTIVITY AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF SMOKED CATFISH [Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1882)] PROCESSED BY DIFFERENT SMOKING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Swastawati Fronthea , Al Baarri Ahmad Ni’matullah , Agustini Tri Winarni , Nurcahya Dewi Eko , Wijayanti Ima , Budi Prasetyo Dwi Yanuar , Khan Daniel
Published: April 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of smoking temperature towards crude cathepsin activity and quality characteristic of smoked catfish [Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1882)]. Different smoking temperature had  significant  effect (p < 0.05) on crude cathepsin activity, texture, pH, moisture content, salt content and protein solubility. The significant decreasing (30.13 %) of crude cathepsin activity was at P3 (80 °C) from P1 (40 °C to 50 °C). Many factors were correlated to the textural changes of smoked catfish such as changes of crude cathepsin activity, reduction of protein solubility and pH value.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KECIMPRING CHIPS WITH ADDITION OF FISH MEAT FROM CIRATA RESERVOIR
Authors: Rostini Lis , Kurniawati Nia , Junianto Junianto
Published: April 2016

Kecimpring is a typical Indonesian chip made from cassava. This study aimed to determine the chemical characteristics of kecimpring chips with the addition of fish meat. There were three species of fish used in this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), pomfret (Colossoma macropomum) and catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus), collected from Cirata Reservoir. The chemical characteristics of kecimpring chips were measured from the content of water, protein, lipid, ash, and fiber. The result showed that the highest yield of minced fish was obtained from Colossoma macropomum (32.87 %). Kecimpring chips with the addition of Oreochromis niloticus meat contained the highest water (12.98 %), protein (11.54 %) and lipid (1.55 %). In addition, the highest ash content (4.67 %) was provided from kecimpring chips with the addition of Pangasius hypopthalmus meat while the highest fiber content (2.28 %) was obtained from kecimpring chips with the addition of Colossoma macropomum meat. The value of the highest total amino acid was provided from kecimpring chips with the addition of 30 % Oreochromis niloticus (8.57 % w/w), with the domination of glutamic acid (1.57 % w/w).
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION SALT AND TRYPSIN ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FISH SAUCE MADE FROM SEA CATFISH (Arius sp.) VISCERA
Authors: Rianingsih Laras , Ibrahim Ratna , Dwi Anggo Apri
Published: April 2016

Fish sauce is a fermented product for seasoning that is popular in Asian country. One of the problems to produce this product is a long fermentation time up to 1 yr to 2 yr. Addition of trypsin as proteolytic enzyme and decreasing salt concentration is done to accelerate the fermentation time. This research examined the effect of trypsin addition and different salt concentrations (15 %) and the physicochemical properties of fish sauce made from sea cat fish (Arius sp.) after 45 d of fermentation. The result showed that  the higher salt and enzyme concentrations gave higher yield (48.54 %), color intensity (33.6 %) and salt content                  (24.78 %) but also gave lower TVBN (26.1 mgN per 100 g), TMA (11.14 mgN per 100 g), Ammonia (12.87 mgN per 100 g) and pH level (5.4). This result could meet the standard of fish sauce from codex on pH and salt content.
THE BIODIESEL PROCESSING FROM OIL OF YELLOWFIN TUNA [Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)] OFFAL USING ACID CATALYST
Authors: Sahubawa Latif , Junengsih Juju , Ustadi Ustadi
Published: April 2016

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels to meet the need of the diesel fuel in Indonesia. One of potential animal oil/fat to be utilized as biodiesel raw material is offal from yellowfin tuna. The objective of the study is to know the free fatty acid (FFA) levels of raw material, influence of the H2SO4 concentration as catalyst on biodiesel conversion, composition of the main Fatty acid compounds from biodiesel, and physical characteristics of biodiesel through esterification and transesterification reaction. In transesterification phase, the variabel is H2SO4 concentration 1.25 %, 1.50% and 1.75 % at 60 °C and 65 °C with oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:9. Based on experiment results, the know  that: FFA content from oli of yellowfin tuna offal amounted to 2.33 %, the largest conversion of methyl ester from spectra of H-NMR, FT-IR, GC-MS and ASTM was produced from the treatment with 1.50 % H2SO4 at 65 °C, with an average yield of 89.09 % and the conversion value of methyl ester was 52.63 %. The main compounds of Fatty acids that formed biodiesel were palmatic acid (43.64 %) and oleic acid (32.08 %). The physical characteristics of biodiesel according to the national standards of Indonesia (NSI) were specific density of 0.8637 60/60 °F g mL–1kinematic viscosity of 2.555 mm2 s–1, pour point is -3 °C and cloud point of 25 °C, while flash point of 25 °C and water content of 0.20 % was not consistent with the SNI.
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN Anandara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758): A CASE STUDY OF 10 MARKETS IN SEMARANG, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Heru Suprapti Nanik , Nur Bambang Aziz , Swastawati Fronthea , Ni’matullah Al Baari Ahmad , Pramono Adriyan
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Pb, Cr, and Cd levels inside the Anadara granosa and to investigate the effect of submersion using Citrus aurantifolia (lime) and Orthosiphon aristatus (kidney tea leaves) solution on Pb, Cr, and Cd levels contained in the blood cockles taken from 10 markets in the city of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia (Johar, Genuk, Gayamsari, Jati, Peterongan, Karangayu, Mangkang, Pedurungan, Boom Lama, and Ngaliyan). The concentration of heavy metals of Anadara granosa was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) of blood cockle taken from 10 markets provided no significant difference (P < 0.05) on the content of Pb, Cd and Cr. Purification was carried out using Citrus aurantifolia (lime) and Orthosiphon aristatus (kidney tea leaves) solution. The lowest Pb (0.00 mg kg–1) was obtained from Boom Lama and Peterongan market with purification using kidney tea leaves solution, while the lowest Cr [(0.30 ± 0.00) mg kg–1]) was obtained from Genuk market with lime solution. In addition, the lowest Cd (0.00 mg kg–1) was obtained from Boom Lama market with purification using kidney tea leaves solution. Accumulation of heavy metal contamination in blood cockle could affect the micronutrient status and consumer health.
RELATIONSHIP ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATION AND VOLUME HEADSPACE ON THE RANCIDITY OF FISH OIL DURING STORAGE
Authors: Widya Palupi Niken , Maryanto Maryanto , Purwowibowo Edi
Published: April 2016

Fish oil was packed in a dark glass bottle with different headspace volume (3 %, 6 % and 9 %) and stored for 8 wk at room temperature. Ethoxiquin as an antioxidant was added in different concentration, 250 mg kg–1, 500 mg kg–1 and 750 mg kg–1. Fish oil which was treated with ethoxiquin, 250 mg kg–1and 500 mg kg–1, became rancid in 5 wk and 6 wk, respectively. However, the lower the percentage of headspace volume, the more stable the fish oils against oxidation. The concentration of ethoxiquin, 750 mg kg–1,prevented rancidity of fish oil that was packed in the bottle with volume of headspace 3 % and 6 %. The highest ethoxiquin concentration (750 mg kg–1) which was combined with the lowest headspace volume (3 %) resulted in the most stable fish oil from rancidity during 8 wk of storage.
TIDAL PERIODICITY IN MICROGROWTH BANDS OF BLOOD CLAM Anadara indica (Bivalvia: Arcidae): A POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL SCLEROCHRONOMETER IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Afiati Norma
Published: April 2016

This study examining the microgrowth periodicity of wild type Anadara indica (Gmelin, 1791) being submerged for 29 d in the cage and field plot. Individual clams showed daily increment growth that conforms to semilunar tidal cycle of 14.8 d. The shell therefore provided record about the absolute growth history of the organism, presumably including the environmental conditions under which shell deposition took place. Shell accretion decreased in rhythm to the gonad development and spawning measured as Condition Index. The significantly departed sex ration to 0.25:1 in favour of > 35 mm shell length females indicating the occurrence of male to female sex reversal, likewise its con-specific A. granosa (Linne, 1758) and A. antiquata (Linnaeus, 1758). It is thought that habitat overlap between A. granosa and A. indica, combined with irresponsible fisheries of the local people which commercially caught small size male clams caused the shift in population dominance among these two species, i.e., from A. granosa to A. indica. However, this study showed that A. indica might as well thrive in areas close to intertidal region likewise A. granosa, where tidal periodicity role as a forcing function to the environment.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FISH FOR ZERO WASTE CONCEPT IN REMOTE AREA OF EASTERN OF JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Sisbudi Harsono Soni , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Zeemani T.
Published: April 2016

Increasing demand fossil fuel in the world may have a good impact on biodiesel demand. Other than produced from plant oil, biodiesel can also be produced from waste fish and fish wastes.  Extracted oil from both of fish waste may be turned into biodiesel to be used for ship’s diesel engine or other purposes.  The objective of this study is to analyze the energetic efficiency in the production of fish wastes as feedstock for the production of biodiesel in Indonesia. The biodiesel production chain is analyzed to quantify the net yield of energy and exergy and their respective degree of efficiency. The energy consumption calculation for the biodiesel production system is assessed as the sum of energy consumption in different stages in its production chain. Energy efficiency in biodiesel production can be assessed using an index for technical, economic and environmental sustainability analysis. The fish oil was separated from fish wastes using a specially designed oil extraction machine. Both direct and indirect energy and exergy flows are important parameters for evaluating the energetic efficiency of biodiesel. Further, the analysis shows that it is necessary to find ways to improve the exergy efficiency without decreasing the energy efficiency during production of biodiesel from waste fish.
APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY IN INTENSIVE FARMING AFFECTED PRODUCTION AND BLOOD PERFORMANCES OF THE CATFISH [Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)]
Authors: Hastuti Sri , Subandiyono Subandiyono
Published: April 2016

The biofloc technology can control water quality under negligible water exchange. The aim of this study was to evaluate the  effects of stocking density on production and blood performance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus [Burchell, 1822]). The catfish were reared in biofloc system (heterotrophic bacteria and addition of sugar for a period of 10 wk and used three levels of density i.e. (500, 1 000, and 1 500) fish per m2. The production increased with the increasing of stocking density, relative growth rate decreased with the increasing of that. The stocking density of 1 500 fish per m2 on the biofloc technology can support maximum catfish production, health and proper water quality.
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED MULTI TROPIC AQUACULTURE CONCEPT IN AN ABRADED BRACKISH WATER POND
Authors: Rejeki Sri , Wisnu Ariyati Restiana , Lakhsmi Widowati Lestari
Published: April 2016

Currently, abrasion at the northern coastline of Central Java, Indonesia, is severe. One of the biggest abrasion area is in Kaliwlingi village (Brebes District), where 800 ha of brackish water ponds were submerged. Abrasion could wipe away or damage dykes on brackish water pond and the pond can no longer be used for aquaculture production. A 5 000 m2 of netting broken dyke of brackish water pond is used for semi–intensive cultivation of milkfish, tilapia, vanamae shrimp, green mussel and Gracilaria seaweed as an application of Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) concept. The aim of this study was to determine the aquaculture production in abraded dyke on brackish water pond by measuring the growth of milk fish, tilapia, vaname shrimp, green mussel and Gracilaria based on IMTA concept. The study was carried out from May to July 2015 at Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes district. The results showed Specific Growth Rate (SGR), i.e. milk fish 2.35 % d–1; tilapia 3.8 %·d–1 vanamae shrimp 3.75 % d–1; green mussel 2.8 % d–1 and Gracilaria 4.6 % d–1. Based on the result, the water quality is good and the availability of the natural food can support the growth of milkfish, tilapia, vanamae shrimp, green muscle and seaweed at broken dyke ponds with IMTA concept.
Robotic Time-Varying Force Tracking in Position-Based Impedance Control
Authors: Xu Wenkang
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a unified control framework for both set-point and time-varying force control of robot manipulator by introducing an improved position-based impedance control (IPBIC). In order to essentially achieve accurate force control, especially time-varying force tracking, a new target impedance function compensated by a force controller is presented. The essence of the improved method in realizing time-varying force tracking, as well as the coupled stability of the manipulator–environment system is investigated. To further improve the force control performance, the Newton-type iterative learning control (ILC) is introduced upon the closed-loop system. A case study on a two-link robot model demonstrates the effectiveness of this method.
Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control of Bouc–Wen Hysteretic Systems
Authors: Peimani Mansour , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Khaji Naser
Published: April 2016

This paper develops an adaptive dynamic surface algorithm for designing the control law for uncertain hysteretic structural systems with seismic disturbances that can be converted to a semi strict feedback form. Hysteretic behavior is usually described by Bouc–Wen model for hysteretic structural systems like base isolation systems. Adaptive sliding mode and adaptive backstepping algorithms are also studied and simulated for comparison purposes. The presented simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed control law in reducing displacement, velocity and acceleration responses of the structural system with acceptable control force. Moreover, using dynamic surface control (DSC), the study analyzes the stability of the controlled system based on the Lyapunov theory.
Direct Adaptive Fuzzy Moving Sliding Mode Proportional Integral Tracking Control of a Three-Dimensional Overhead Crane
Authors: Lin Tsung-Chih , Lin Yu-Chen , Moradi Zirkohi Majid , Huang Hsi-Chun
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a novel direct adaptive fuzzy moving sliding mode proportional integral (PI) tracking control of a three-dimensional (3D) overhead crane which is modeled by five highly nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations is proposed. The fast and robust position regulation and antiswing control can be achieved based on the proposed approach. Due to universal approximation theorem, fuzzy control provides nonlinear controller, i.e., fuzzy logic controllers, to perform the unknown nonlinear control actions. Simultaneously, in order to achieve fast and robust regulation and to enhance robustness in the presence of disturbance and parameter variations, moving sliding mode control (SMC) is introduced to tradeoff between reaching phase and sliding phase. Hence, the sliding surface is moved by changing the magnitude of the slope by adaptive law and varying the intercept by tuning algorithm. Simulations performed using a scaled 3D mathematical model of the crane confirm that the proposed control scheme can keep the horizontal position of the payload invariable and suppress the swing of the payload effectively during the hoisting or lowing process.
Surface and Indoor Temperature Effects on User Thermal Responses to Holding a Simulated Tablet Computer
Authors: Zhang Han , Hedge Alan , Guo Beiyuan
Published: April 2016

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate participant thermal responses to different surface temperatures, from 34 to 44 °C, for a simulated tablet computer in different ambient temperatures (13 °C, 23 °C, and 33 °C). Two subjective measures, thermal sensations and thermal comfort, were reported by the participants. Within the same ambient temperature, participants' thermal sensation and discomfort scores were positively correlated with the increase of surface temperature (higher surface temperatures gave warmer sensations). Thermal comfort also decreases with the increase of surface temperature in the tested range. In addition, ambient temperature moderated the effect of surface temperature on participants' thermal sensation scores. The higher surface temperature of 44 °C was rated warmer at 33 °C than 13 °C, but lower surface temperatures (34–38 °C) were rated less warm at 33 °C than 13 °C. On the other hand, all the surface temperatures were perceived less uncomfortable in an environment at 13 °C environment than at 33 °C. The findings can be used to set limits for future tablet computer heat dissipation designs to improve user's thermal experiences.