bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanitarian Intervention as a Duty
Authors: Tan Kok-Chor
Published: September 2015

Assuming an international commitment to intervene in severe and urgent humanitarian emergencies, as expressed by the doctrine ‘The Responsibility to Protect’, I discuss two objections that the duty to intervene is nonetheless a duty that is easily limited by other moral considerations. One objection is that this duty will exceed the reasonable limits of any obligation given the high personal cost of intervention. The other objection is that any duty to intervene will be an imperfect duty, and therefore not a duty that is ascribed to and demandable of any specific actor. I will argue that these objections do not undermine the principle of the responsibility to protect.
The lichen family Cladoniaceae in Paraiba, Pernambuco and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil

Authors: Ahti Teuvo , Stenroos Soili , Filho Lauro Xavier
Published: September 2015

Field and herbarium studies of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, yielded 22 species, many of them being new reports for the region. The phenolic compounds identified in each species are reported. Cladonia clathrata Ahti & Xavier Filho, Cladonia polita Ahti, Cladonia polyscypha Ahti & Xavier Filho, and Cladonia rugicaulis Ahti are described as new. C. clathrata, C. rhodoleuca Vainio, C. rugicaulis, C. salzmannii Nyl., and C. subminiata Stenroos appear to represent an element confined to northeastern Brazil.
Nomenclatural notes on Pseudocyphellaria V: Some Brazilian taxa

Authors: Galloway D. J.
Published: September 2015

A new, phyllidiate, white-medulla species with yellow pseudocyphellae and a green photobiont, Pseudocyphellaria kalbii D.J.Galloway, is described from Brazilian collections, and typification and notes on P. aurora (De Not.) Vainio are presented.
Taxonomy, lectotypification and rediscovery of Gymnosporia bailadillana (Celastraceae), a little known, critically endangered taxa of Chhattisgarh state, India
Authors: Singh Rajeev Kumar , Garg Arti , Singh Paramjit
Published: September 2015

Gymnosporia bailadillana (Celastraceae) is lectotypified and its taxonomy and distribution is discussed. The species is rediscovered after 67 years from Koriya district, Chhattisgarh state, India. First photographs of the live plant and digital images of the selected lectotype, isolectotypes and paratypes are provided.
Lectotypification and notes on the distribution and conservation status of Erythroxylum lancifolium (Erythroxylaceae), species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Costa-Lima James Lucas , ARAÚJO THIAGO
Published: September 2015

Erythroxylum Browne (1756: 278) is the largest genus in Erythroxylaceae Kunth (1821: 175), including 230–240 species (Plowman & Berry 1999, Plowman & Hensold 2004). It is distributed in tropical areas, with its greatest diversity (187 species) in the Neotropics (Plowman & Hensold 2004). The Neotropical species are characterized by intrapetiolar stipules, branchlets usually formed by the compression of cataphylls (brachyblasts), alternate, simple, and glabrous leaves, heterostylous flowers, often arranged in fascicles, and drupes with one pyrene (Plowman & Berry 1999). For Brazil 127 species of Erythroxylum have been recorded, with most of the diversity and endemism in the Atlantic Forest, especially in its northeastern section (Loiola & Costa-Lima 2015).
Topology optimization of compliant mechanisms with curvilinear fiber path laminated composites
Authors: Tong Xinxing , Ge Wenjie , Zhang Yonghong
Published: September 2015

An approach for designing compliant mechanisms with curvilinear fiber path laminated composites is presented to obtain the optimum topology structure in this paper. A laminated plate with curvilinear fiber path is built by using the shifted fiber path method. Meanwhile, an equivalent constitutive relationship of the laminated plate has been obtained based on the laminated plate theory. Taking the element relative density as design variable, minimizing the weighted linear combination of the mutual strain energy and the strain energy is considered as an objective function to achieve the desired deformation and enough load-carrying capacity of compliant mechanisms with the volume constraint. The topology optimization problem is solved via the optimality criteria and the sensitivity filtering technology. The numerical examples of designing compliant inverters are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. And furthermore, the displacements and the stress levels are also discussed for the compliant inverters with different curvilinear fiber laminated sequences.
Discontinuing Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in HIV-Infected Patients With a CD4 Cell Count <200 cells/mm3
Authors: Sidhu Vaninder K. , Foisy Michelle M. , Hughes Christine A.
Published: September 2015

Objective: To review the evidence for discontinuing primary and secondary Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3. Data Sources: We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the International Aids Society Library (up to August 2015) using the following key search terms: Pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus, primary prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis, and discontinuation. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language studies that evaluated discontinuation of primary and/or secondary PJP prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients with CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 were included. Data Synthesis: Five studies were identified, which varied in design, sample size, outcomes, and duration of follow-up. Three studies examined discontinuation of primary and secondary PJP prophylaxis; 1 study evaluated discontinuing primary PJP prophylaxis; and 1 study evaluated stopping secondary PJP prophylaxis. Two out of the 5 studies pooled data for all opportunistic infections. Overall, there was a low incidence of PJP among HIV-infected patients who discontinued primary PJP prophylaxis and were well controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions: Discontinuation of primary PJP prophylaxis appears to be safe in patients on combination ART with a suppressed HIV viral load and a CD4 count >100 cells/mm3. Additional data are needed to support the safety of discontinuing secondary PJP prophylaxis. Decisions to discontinue PJP prophylaxis in patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 should be done on an individual patient basis, taking into consideration clinical factors, including ongoing adherence to ART.
Drug use and emotional distress differentiate unstably- versus stably-housed adults living with HIV who engage in unprotected sex
Authors: Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Desmond Katherine A , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Scheffler Aaron , Comulada W Scott , Johnson Mallory O , Kelly Jeffrey A ,   The Healthy Living Project Group
Published: September 2015

Among adults living with HIV, unstable housing is a barrier to health. Stably- and unstably-housed adults living with HIV were assessed for over 25 months. At baseline, unstably-housed adults living with HIV had a more recent HIV diagnosis, higher viral loads, worse physical and mental health, lower rates of antiretroviral therapy use and insurance coverage, and higher rates of hard drug use than stably-housed adults living with HIV. At follow-up, the health of both groups was similar, but unstably-housed adults living with HIV reported significantly more hard drug use and mental health symptoms when compared to the stably-housed adults living with HIV. Drug and mental health risks decreased for both groups, but decreases in unprotected sex were greater among unstably-housed adults living with HIV.
Indocyanine Green
Authors: Reinhart Michaela B. , Huntington Ciara R. , Blair Laurel J. , Heniford B. Todd , Augenstein Vedra A.
Published: September 2015

Background. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a dye used in medicine since the mid-1950s for a variety of applications in in cardiology, ophthalmology, and neurosurgery; however, its fluorescent properties have only recently been used in the intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion. Method. A literature review was conducted on the characterization and employment of ICG within the medical field. Historical and current context of ICG was examined while also considering implications for its future use. Results. ICG is a relatively nontoxic, unstable compound bound by albumin in the intravascular space until rapid clearance by the liver. It has widespread uses in hepatic, cardiac, and ophthalmologic studies, and its use in analyzing tissue perfusion and identifying sentinel lymph nodes in cancer staging is gaining popularity. Conclusions. ICG has myriad applications and poses low risk to the patient. Its historical uses have contributed to medical knowledge, and it is now undergoing investigation for quantifying tissue perfusion, providing targeted therapies, and intraoperative identification of neurovascular anatomy, ophthalmic structures, and sentinel lymph nodes. New applications of ICG may lead to reduction in postoperative wound-related complications, more effective ophthalmologic procedures, and better detection and treatment of cancer cells.
Prospects for Developing Subject-Oriented Education at the Senior Stage of School in the Context of Shift to the New Federal State Educational Standard
Authors: Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov A.
Published: September 2015

The paper explores in detail the very essence of fledgling trends concerning the development of contents of the Federal State Educational Standard. It

is stated, that setting up the new Standards should be considered as the first step only. Further the next step of the Standards implementation should

follow, putting the demand to elaborate a set of regulatory documents. The principal educational program, the curriculum, the training outcomes

requirements and etc. are to be further elaborated and clarified. These particularly relate to the senior high school, where subject-oriented education is

stipulated.
A NOÇÃO DE SUJEITO DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE E AS SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A ANÁLISE DE DISCURSO
Authors: Godoi Christiane Kleinubing , Mastella Adriano Silveira
Published: September 2015

A construção deste artigo surgiu da necessidade de compreender a análise de discurso – presente na prática da pesquisa nos estudos organizacionais –, considerando as transformações epistemológicas e factuais originárias das transformações na concepção de sujeito discursivo impostas pela sociedade pós-moderna. A partir das características epistemológicas e da época pós-moderna, objetivamos analisar a substituição da noção de sujeito da modernidade – o sujeito freudiano e kantiano – pela noção pós-moderna de sujeito perverso (psicotizante). Essa passagem questiona os pressupostos modernos das práticas de interpretação discursiva. Primeiramente, estabelecemos o debate necessário sobre a superação do tradicional dualismo na noção de sujeito determinado versus sujeito autônomo. A superação desse dualismo torna-se vital para a construção, em seguida, da noção de sujeito perverso (psicotizante) - característico da era pós-moderna. Na constituição desse sujeito, iniciamos, com a filosofia-sociologia pós-moderna, a descrição do sujeito autorreferência. Em seguida, buscamos, na psicanálise, o entendimento da substituição do sujeito neurótico pelo sujeito perverso. E, por fim, estabelecemos o questionamento dos possíveis impactos dessas transformações sobre as práticas metodológicas de interpretação discursiva, acompanhado do alerta sobre as mudanças que atingem a análise de discurso nos estudos organizacionais.
APRENDIZAGEM ORGANIZACIONAL E INOVAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA INTERNACIONAL NO PERÍODO ENTRE 2008 E 2012
Authors: Teodoroski Rita de Cassia Clark , Santos Jane Lucia Silva , Steil Andrea Valéria
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear as publicações científicas que relacionam os temas inovação e aprendizagem organizacional. Para isso foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica das pesquisas publicadas na base Web of Science entre 1988 e 2012. Foram localizados 580 artigos, escritos por 1.120 autores, vinculados a 539 instituições de 45 países. Os estudos foram agrupados em três categorias: artigos mais citados, mais recentes e trabalhos empíricos, totalizando uma seleção e análise dos textos completos de 49 artigos. Os resultados encontrados retratam o crescente interesse em se estudar inovação e aprendizagem organizacional e o desenvolvimento recente de pesquisas empíricas que examinam relações entre os dois construtos.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ABORDAGEM SOCIOCONSTRUCIONISTA PARA A COMPREENSÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA COMO PRÁTICA SOCIAL
Authors: Paula Alessandro Vinicius de , Maciel Luiz Henrique Rezende , De Brito Mozar José , Vilas Boas Ana Alice , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves
Published: September 2015

Baseado em uma revisão crítica da literatura, indicamos como o construcionismo social fornece importantes contribuições para a compreensão e a identificação dos processos sociais que permeiam as relações das pessoas nas instituições e/ou entre instituições. Apresentamos algumas considerações sobre as principais contribuições da abordagem socioconstrucionista (construcionismo social) para a compreensão da Estratégia como Prática Social. Percebemos, como principais resultados, que a literatura referente ao tema da Estratégia como Prática Social, em geral, concentra-se em questões como conceituação e contextualização da prática social, no entanto, a literatura ainda carece de relatos detalhados sobre as reais possibilidades de análise e intervenção nas situações do contexto organizacional. O debate aqui proposto é primordial para a elaboração de estratégias organizacionais que possibilitem a compreensão da realidade organizacional de forma contextualizada, o que permitiria melhores intervenções na esfera organizacional.
'Dangerous Circumstances': The Council on Foreign Relations Proposes a New Grand Strategy Towards China
Authors: Shoup Laurence H.
Published: September 2015

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is the think tank of monopoly-finance capital, Wall Street's think tank. It is also a membership organization: the ultimate networking, socializing, strategic-planning, and consensus-forming institution of the dominant sector of the U.S. capitalist class.… It is the world's most powerful private organization, the "high command" body of the U.S. plutocracy. The Council has an almost century-long history of forming study groups to plan the United States' overall "grand" strategic policies. It sets the agenda for debate, builds consensus among both the powerful and attentive publics, and then inserts its own network of people into public office to implement its favored doctrines in the real world. One of its latest efforts, a study group on U.S. grand strategy toward China, completed its work and issued a report in March 2015—approved by the CFR board of directors—entitled Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China.

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›Erbauung‹ – und darüber hinaus
Authors: Köbele Susanne
Published: September 2015

The following paper argues for a revision of the notion of ›edification‹ in the Middle Ages. By comparing exemplary texts (including the ›Exercitia spiritualia‹, which are attributed to Gertrude the Great), it shows the ramifications, tensions and textual productivity in the medieval usage of the term ›edification‹ and in its implementation. In addition to the subsequent essay by Burkhard Hasebrink, this paper attempts to describe the different, yet similarly contradictory claims of ›edification‹ in the tension between (self)disciplining and transgression.
A DFT Study of CO and NO Adsorptions on AlN-, AlP-, and ZnO-doped Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Promthong Niwat , Nunthaboot Nadtanet , Banchob Wanno
Published: September 2015

Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate
the adsorption abilities of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen
monoxide (NO) gas molecules onto pristine graphene nanosheet
(GNS), and AlN-, AlP-, and ZnO-doped GNSs. The
co-doping of AlN, AlP, and ZnO onto GNS can
improve the CO and NO adsorption abilities of GNS. The
gas adsorption abilities on the pristine and co-doped GNSs were
determined to be, in decreasing order: ZnO-GNS ∼
AlP-GNS > AlN-GNS > pristine GNSs and AlP-GNS
> AlN-GNS > ZnO-GNS > pristine GNSs for the
adsorptions of CO and NO, respectively. These newly
developed co-doped GNSs could be candidates for CO and
NO gas storages. The adsorption geometries, adsorption
energies, density of states, and charge transfers were also reported.
A Comparative Study of Two Bicyclic Ethers, Eucalyptol and 1,4-Cineole, by Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Medcraft Chris , Schnell Melanie
Published: September 2015

The rotational spectra of the two structurally related molecules,
1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), were measured between
2–8.5 GHz with chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave
spectroscopy. The structures of these two molecules only differ in the
connectivity of an ether functional group. This results in
a significant change in the three dimensional structure of the
molecule and consequently large differences in the rotational
spectra. Only one conformer of each molecule was detected in the
molecular jet and no line splittings due to internal rotations were
detected. A substitution structure (r

s
) was determined for
eucalyptol and benchmarked to quantum chemical structures allowing for
a comparison of eucalyptol and 1,4-cineole.
Defining correlation between modal-split and transportation infrastructure and mobility services with the analysis of travel plans
Authors: Szakonyi Petra
Published: September 2015

In the recent years the Author participated in two Intelligent Energy Europe projects, which aim was to deliver transport-sector energy savings by creating travel plans. During the development of the projects two local travel plans were worked out, one for the residential area of Győr-Ménfőcsanak, Hungary and one for the elementary educational institutions of Győr. In 2012 additional travel plans were developed, this time for other target groups, one for the universities of Győr, and another one for the employees of three public institutions. The main objective of these studies was to reduce the problems, caused by private car users and more over to promote sustainable mobility choices for target groups. The results of the projects showed, that travel plans are effective tools in order to solve mobility challenges in a sustainable way, but transportation infrastructure and services have strong effect on the success of travel plans.
Publish or perish, или Развенчание меритократии в науке
Authors: Guba Katerina
Published: September 2015

На основе англо-американских исследований академического рынка труда показано, что декларируемый принцип меритократии в науке не имеет приписываемого ему значения. Решающую роль при найме на университетские позиции играет престиж департамента, в котором была получена докторская степень. Роль научных публикаций не является столь значимой и при анализе репутации департамента. Одной только высокой публикационной активности недостаточно ни выпускнику, чтобы получить место в престижном департаменте, ни департаменту, чтобы повысить репутационный рейтинг.
«Академический оплот» и «административное ядро»: рождение и рост предпринимательских университетов. Рецензия на монографию Б. Р. Кларка «Создание предпринимательских университетов: организационные направления трансформации»
Authors: Abramov Roman
Published: September 2015

Содержание и структура книги известного американского исследователя образования рассматриваются с точки зрения вклада в социологию высшего образования и перспектив использования материалов монографии в преподавательской деятельности и исследованиях.
Student Research in Basic Medical Education: Why Do We Say Student Research?
Authors: Park Won Kyun
Published: September 2015

Student research has been proposed as an educational strategy to fulfill the current requirements in basic medical education (BME) and to compatible with the self-directed development of professionalism. It is commonly accepted that the goals of student research are to develop the competencies of critical, reflective, and self-directed thinking; problem-solving; and creativity; as well as to acquire the skills necessary to search for information and analyze the literature; to cultivate the talent of mastering a specialized field through deeply intensified learning; and to establish close relationships between students and supervisors. To successfully implement student research, authorities on BME should to plan the procedure for the student research projects and allocate personal and material resources adequately in order to provide the opportunity for self-evaluation and reflection through the completion of daily records, to develop the habit of consistently evaluating ones own study, and to maintain a collegial relationship between students and supervisors by offering the proper feedbacks in a timely and consistent manner. In conclusion, despite several obstacles and difficulties in the establishment of successful student research projects, student research could provide students the motivation to develop themselves into expert academic researchers, and play a role in educating students to help solve patients problems based on scientific evidence in the future
Variation in Professors’ Teaching Efficacy and Their Satisfaction with Faculty Development Programs
Authors: Jun Soo Koung , Chun Kyung Hee , Lee Young Hwan , Kim Sae Yoon , Kim Wu Kyung , Kim Seong Yong
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in professors’ satisfaction with faculty development programs and in their teaching efficacy according to their demographic characteristics and the rate of participation in faculty development programs in a medical school. The data were collected from 59 faculty members who participated in the Professor’s Seminar. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: general background of the respondent; satisfaction with the faculty development program; and teaching efficacy. The data were analyzed by methods of descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and the Mann-Whitney U-test. The program satisfaction of faculty members was significantly different by the years of educational career but it was not different by job status, specialty, gender, and the participation level in faculty programs. The faculty members’ teaching efficacy differed significantly by gender and the participation level in faculty programs, while it did not differ by educational career, job status, or specialty. The results of this study suggest that various faculty programs should be developed to increase the satisfaction level of different groups of faculty members, and that they should be more focused on teaching efficacy, as it is considered to be one of the most effective way to increase the quality of education.
Meeting the Mental Health Needs of the Homebound: A Psychiatric Consult Service Within a Home-Based Primary Care Program
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer M. , DeCherrie Linda V. , Dugue Micheline , Rosen Anna , Soriano Theresa A. , Ornstein Katherine
Published: September 2015

The growing population of homebound adults increasingly receives home-based primary care (HBPC) services. These patients are predominantly frail older adults who are homebound because of multiple medical comorbidities, yet they often also have psychiatric diagnoses requiring mental health care. Unfortunately, in-home psychiatric services are rarely available to homebound patients. To address unmet psychiatric need among the homebound patients enrolled in our large academic HBPC program, we piloted a psychiatric in-home consultation service. During our 16-month pilot, 10% of all enrolled HBPC patients were referred for and received psychiatric consultation. Depression and anxiety were among the most common reasons for referral. To better meet patients’ medical and psychiatric needs, HBPC programs need to consider strategies to incorporate psychiatric services into their routine care plans.
Performance of sulphate- and selenium-reducing biochemical reactors using different ratios of labile to recalcitrant organic materials
Authors: Mirjafari Parissa , Baldwin Susan A.
Published: September 2015

Successful operation of sulphate-reducing bioreactors using complex organic materials depends on providing a balance between more easily degrading material that achieves reasonable kinetics and low hydraulic retention times, and more slowly decomposing material that sustains performance in the long term. In this study, two organic mixtures containing the same ingredients typical of bioreactors used at mine sites (woodchips, hay and cow manure) but with different ratios of wood (recalcitrant) to hay (labile) were tested in six continuous flow bioreactors treating synthetic mine-affected water containing 600 mg/L of sulphate and 15 μg/L of selenium. The reactors were operated for short (5–6 months) and long (435–450 days) periods of time at the same hydraulic retention time of 15 days. There were no differences in the performance of the bioreactors in terms of sulphate-reduction over the short term, but the wood-rich bioreactors experienced variable and sometimes unreliable sulphate-reduction over the long term. Presence of more hay in the organic mixture was able to better sustain reliable performance. Production of dissolved organic compounds due to biodegradation within the bioreactors was detected for the first 175–230 days, after which their depletion coincided with a crash phase observed in the wood-rich bioreactors only.
Segmentation of Green Product Buyers Based on Their Personal Values and Consumption Values
Authors: Yildirim Seda , Candan Burcu
Published: September 2015

In heterogeneous markets, one of the many consumer groups is that of green product buyers. With rising ethical values, the green market is assuming its place in a general growth trend. Given this, it is important to determine the profile of green product buyers. This study aims to find out whether there are sub-markets for green product buyers, based on their personal values and consumption values, and to determine a detailed profile for these buyers. Both personal values and consumption values are basic factors guiding consumer behaviour and affecting consumption preferences. The data was collected, through surveys in Turkey, from green consumers who were members of the TEMA (the Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats) council. The result of our clustering analysis indicates that green product buyers could be segmented into subgroups according to their personal values and consumption values.
Factors Influencing Self-Management in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Xiaoping , Liu Tingting , Yuan Xiaojing , Ge Song , Yang Jing , Li Changwei , Sun Wenjie
Published: September 2015

Diabetes is a major public health problem in China. Diabetes self-management is critical for patients to achieved better health outcomes, however, previous studies have shown suboptimal diabetes self-management performance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify factors associated with diabetes self-management in Chinese adults. The results showed that confrontation, resignation, overall health beliefs, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were factors associated with overall diabetes self-management performance and six aspects of diabetes self-management behaviors. There is some limited evidence to suggest that provider-patient communication, married individuals, higher educational level, and higher household income level may also be linked to better diabetes self-management practice. Having healthcare insurance and utilizing chronic illness resources generally appeared to have a favorable effect on diabetes self-management performance. In addition, there were a number of factors for which the evidence is too limited to be able to ascertain its strength of association with diabetes self-management practice. The findings of this review suggest that diabetes self-management behaviors are affected by a wide range of personal and environmental factors, which allow health care providers to develop theory-based strategies to improve diabetes-self-management behaviors in this population.
Development of 23 novel polymorphic EST‐SSR markers for the endangered relict conifer Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Authors: Jin Yuqing , Bi Quanxin , Guan Wenbin , Mao Jian‐Feng
Published: September 2015

Premise of the study:

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is an endangered relict conifer species endemic to China. In this study, expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed using transcriptome mining for future genetic and functional studies.

Methods and Results:

We collected 97,565 unigene sequences generated by 454 pyrosequencing. A bioinformatics analysis identified 2087 unique and putative microsatellites, from which 96 novel microsatellite markers were developed. Fifty‐three of the 96 primer sets successfully amplified clear fragments of the expected sizes; 23 of those loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, with an average of three, and the observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0 to 1.0 and 0.117 to 0.813, respectively.

Conclusions:

These microsatellite loci will enrich the genetic resources to develop functional studies and conservation strategies for this endangered relict species.
INFORMATION CONTENT OF INTER-TRANSACTION TIME: A STRUCTURAL APPROACH
Authors: Ryu Doojin
Published: September 2015

This study examines the information role of inter-transaction time by employing a structural market microstructure model. By analyzing the intraday data of the KOSPI200 futures market, we find that the inter-transaction time (i.e., time between two consecu- tive trades) reveals significant information, and that fast trading is indicative of informed trading. This result remains robust when the effect of trade size is incorporated into the model. Our regression analysis indicates that the information role of inter-transaction time becomes more important when informed trading is less concentrated, liquidity is lower, and the market is more volatile.
Interactive and Collaborative Virus-Evolutionary CNC Machining Optimization Environment
Authors: Fountas N. A. , Vaxevanidis N. M. , Stergiou C. I. , Benhadj-Djilali R.
Published: September 2015

Research on the area of sculptured surface machining optimization is currently directed towards the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques. This chapter aims at presenting a novel approach of optimizing machining strategies applied to manufacture complex part geometries. Towards this direction a new genetic-evolutionary algorithm based on the virus theory of evolution is developed as a hosted module to a commercial and widely known CAM system. The new genetic algorithm automatically evaluates pairs of candidate solutions among machining parameters for roughing and finishing operations so as to optimize their values for obtaining optimum machining programs for sculptured parts in terms of productivity and quality. This is achieved by introducing new directions of manipulating manufacturing software tools through programming and customization. The environment was tested for its efficiency and has been proven capable of providing applicable results for the machining of sculptured surfaces.
Using the Similarity Measure between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets for the Application on Pattern Recognitions
Authors: Fan Lixin
Published: September 2015

The measurement of uncertainty is an important topic for the theories dealing with uncertainty. The definition of similarity measure between two IFSs is one of the most interesting topics in IFSs theory. A similarity measure is defined to compare the information carried by IFSs. Many similarity measures have been proposed. A few of them come from the well-known distance measures. In this work, a new similarity measure between IFSs was proposed by the consideration of the information carried by the membership degree, the non-membership degree, and hesitancy degree in intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed similarity measure, various similarity measures between IFSs were compared with the proposed similarity measure between IFSs by numerical examples. The compared results demonstrated that the new similarity measure is reasonable and has stronger discrimination among them. Finally, the similarity measure was applied to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis. Two illustrative examples were provided to show the effectiveness of the pattern recognition and medical diagnosis.
Wear and Mechanical Properties of Various Bone Cements – Influence of Saline Environment
Authors: Balko Ján , Fides Martin , Sedlák Richard , Hvizdoš Pavol , Hloch Sergej , Kľoc Ján , Monka Peter
Published: September 2015

Several bone cements were prepared in two ways of mixing (manual and vacuum bowl). Wear behavior, friction coefficient were studied by ball on disc method. Nano-hardness and Young`s modulus was studied by instrumented indentation. Obtained results were summarized by taking into account their way preparation, antibiotics content and testing conditions. There was found no significant time dependence of saline acting on Young`s modulus and nano-hardness values. Friction coefficient in saline was less than half in compare to dry sliding conditions
Local Strengthening of EN AC-44200 Al Alloy with Ceramic Fibers
Authors: Naplocha Krzysztof , Kaczmar Jacek W. , Morgiel Jerzy
Published: September 2015

The applied squeeze casting technique makes possible the local strengthening with ceramic fibers or ceramic particles of elements with Al-alloy matrices. In this paper the elaborated technology of manufacturing of porous ceramic preforms from Saffil fibers is shown and technology of squeeze casting elaborated at Wrocław University of Technology, Chair Foundry, Polymers and Automation described. There were applied the preforms characterized by porosities of 90% and 80%, what after squeeze casting with liquid EN AC - 44200 Al alloy produces the composite materials containing 10 vol. and 20 vol.% of fiber strengthening. The structural phenomena at the interface of strengthened alloy investigated with the optical and electron microscopy are discussed and the mechanical properties of manufactured composite materials are shown.
Finite Element Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Concentrated Contact
Authors: Zíta Dušan , Menčík Jaroslav
Published: September 2015

The Paper Shows Results of the Finite Element Modelling of Contact of a Rigid Spherical Body (indenter) with a Body from Elastic-Plastic Material. both the Proces of Loading and Unloading are Modelled. in Addition to Stresses, Also Energies are Investigated, Including their Distribution in the Plastically Deformed Core and the Elastically Deformed Outer Region. Attention is Devoted to Residual Stresses and Energies as well. Influence of Various Factors is Investigated, such as Various Values of Strain-Hardening Parameters (e.g. in Johnson-Cook Model), Relative Depth of Penetration (h/R), Coefficient of Friction.
The External Auditor’s opinions and the stakeholders’ purposes: an empirical analysis in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasingha S.R.M. , Nanayakkara K.G.M.
Published: September 2015

This paper specially investigate the Sri Lankan audit opinions and its’ effect to the investors’ decision making. It has been conducted the market-based model with a sample of thirty one (31) listed manufacturing companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange; the dependent variable “Stock Return” serve as proxy for Investors’ Decisions and independent variables are “Audit Opinions” published in Sri Lanka. The study use Anova test for the study. This research study’s final consequence is robust the notion of the audit opinions are not informative value to the investors’ decisions. The Kelaniya Journal of Management, Vol. 4(1); 2015: 31-49
The shaping of climate science: half a century in personal perspective
Authors: Barry R. G.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The paper traces my career as a climatologist from the 1950s and that of most of my graduate students from the late 1960s. These decades were the formative ones in the evolution of climate science. Following a brief account of the history of climatology, a summary of my early training, my initial teaching and research in the UK is discussed. This is followed by new directions at the University of Colorado, Boulder from October 1968. The history of the World Data Center for Glaciology/National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder from 1977 is described and climate-cryosphere initiatives at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). International activities and links are then reported, followed by a section on national and international committees. I then describe my activities during sabbaticals and research leaves. The paper concludes with discussion of my "retirement" activities and an epilogue. The paper is based on a lecture given at the Roger Barry Symposium: A Chronicle of Distinction: From the Arctic to the Andes, at the University of Colorado, 10 August 2004 and updated to 2014.
PORTAVOCES DEL MIEDO, TESTIGOS Y CRONISTAS. LAS IMPRESIONES DE LA VERDAD HISTÓRICA EN TRES DOCUMENTALES ECUATORIANOS
Authors: Vaca Wladimir Chávez
Published: September 2015

En la lente: memoria, referencialidad histórica y documentalismo en el cine latinoamericano actual
Notas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: September 2015

En la lente: memoria, referencialidad histórica y documentalismo en el cine latinoamericano actual
Motivation of University Students as Future Entrepreneurs
Authors: Marinič Peter , Záthurecký Viliam , Špičák Ondřej
Published: September 2015

This paper looks at the issue of motivating individuals entering into the business environment through the establishment of new businesses. The paper has been inspired by findings from the analysis of secondary data, in particular from questionnaire surveys carried out by renowned institutions in both the Czech Republic and across Europe. Attention is then focused on students from Masaryk University who are expected to enter the business environment. The questionnaire survey was aimed at students from the Faculty of Economics and Administration, as well as students from the Faculty of Law. The results are an important output for developing further methods in terms of their practical application in improving the preparation of students for their future careers.
Gender Errors in French Interlanguage
Authors: Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: September 2015

Many studies on gender assignment in French have focused on the effect of the final morpheme of the noun on the identification of the gender of the noun and the subsequent agreement with any determiners. The present study considers the effect of a noun’s initial vowel on gender accuracy in conversations with 36 Dutch-speaking French foreign language learners. The analysis of 1540 indefinite article + noun sequences revealed that gender accuracy was significantly lower when the noun started with a vowel. This effect was significant for French L3 learners but weaker among more advanced French L2 learners. It thus seems that an initial vowel, and the resulting gender syncretism, delays the correct identification of a noun’s gender among French L2 learners.
Nous/on : De la réalité linguistique à la salle de classe
Authors: Thomas Alain
Published: September 2015

Le remplacement du pronom nous par on, fréquent en français moderne, est encore peu reconnu dans l’enseignement du FL2 au niveau universitaire canadien. Pour mieux comprendre ce retard pédagogique sur la réalité linguistique et contribuer à le réduire, nous ferons d’abord ici une synthèse des études consacrées au sujet, après un rappel historique de l’évolution des deux pronoms. Une analyse de la présentation de la première personne du pluriel dans les manuels scolaires permettra ensuite de réexaminer nos pratiques pédagogiques, non seulement pour la paire nous/on, mais aussi pour d’autres aspects du français « ordinaire », qui sont mieux acceptés dans la pratique quotidienne des locuteurs que dans le français soigné des grammairiens prescriptifs.
Easy, Green and Safe Carbonylation Reactions through Zeolite‐Catalyzed Carbon Monoxide Production from Formic Acid
Authors: Losch Pit , Felten Anne‐Sophie , Pale Patrick
Published: September 2015

Zeolites with the right shape and acid site density and strength, such as certain ZSM‐5 forms, were able to cleanly decompose formic acid to carbon monoxide (CO), and the latter could be directly used in palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions. A simple two‐reactor system was designed to produce CO conveniently and then further react this gas in a safe way. The two‐reactor system is particularly cheap, easy to set up and use. In addition, the carbonylation conditions without pressure allowed for very efficient CO incorporation, with only 1% of palladium(II) chloride (PdCl2) and Xantphos.

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Stereo imaging of crystal growth
Authors: Ma Cai Y. , Liu Jing J. , Wang Xue Z.
Published: September 2015

Significance A methodology that directly images the full three‐dimensional (3‐D) shape of crystals within a crystallizer is reported. It is based on the mathematical principle that if the two‐dimensional (2‐D) images of an object are obtained from two or more different angles, the full 3‐D crystal shape could be reconstructed. A prototype instrument is built and proof of concept study performed to demonstrate the potentials in using the system for 3‐D measurement of crystal shape and shape distribution. It is our belief that 3‐D measurement of crystal shape represents a significant step forward from existing work of 2‐D measurement of crystal morphology and is potentially of great significance to research toward closed‐loop control of crystal morphology. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 18–25, 2016
Early‐onset encephalopathy with epilepsy associated with a novel splice site mutation in SMC1A
Authors: Lebrun Nicolas , Lebon Sébastien , Jeannet Pierre‐Yves , Jacquemont Sébastien , Billuart Pierre , Bienvenu Thierry
Published: September 2015

We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of a female patient with early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, who was found to carry a de novo novel splice site mutation in SMC1A. This girl shared some morphologic and anthropometric traits described in patients with clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and with SMC1A mutation but also has severe encephalopathy with early‐onset epilepsy. In addition, she had midline hand stereotypies and scoliosis leading to the misdiagnosis of a Rett overlap syndrome. Molecular studies found a novel de novo splice site mutation (c.1911 + 1G > T) in SMC1A. This novel splice mutation was associated with an aberrantly processed mRNA that included intron 11 of the gene. Moreover, quantitative approach by RT‐PCR showed a severe reduction of the SMC1A transcript suggesting that this aberrant transcript may be unstable and degraded. Taken together, our data suggest that the phenotype may be due to a loss‐of‐function of SMC1A in this patient. Our findings suggest that loss‐of‐function mutations of SMC1A may be associated with early‐onset encephalopathy with epilepsy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Xq21.31–q21.32 duplication underlies intellectual disability in a large family with five affected males
Authors: Basit Sulman , Malibari Omhani I. , Al‐Balawi Alia M. , Afzal Sibtain , Eldardear Amr Elsayed Mohamed , Ramzan Khushnooda
Published: September 2015

X‐linked intellectual disability is the most common form of neurological disorder in male and accounts for 5–10% of incidence in the population. Copy number variants (CNVs) have been studied extensively to identify genomic regions responsible for neurological disorders. Array CGH and SNP genotyping have identified several CNVs on X‐chromosome in patients with X‐linked intellectual disability. We genotyped 2.5 million SNPs in 10 individuals of a 4 generation family segregating X‐linked intellectual disability using Illumina Infinium BeadChip assay. Whole genome genotyping data analysis identified a single duplication of 3.95 Mb on X‐chromosome in all five affected male individuals. This CNV is inherited from a healthy mother. All five affected individuals manifest moderate to severe intellectual disability, seizures and behavioral abnormalities. X‐chromosome inactivation analysis showed that X‐chromosome of the mother with duplication is completely inactivated which has also been found in daughters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CXCL13 and CCL11 Serum Levels and Lymphoma and Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Nocturne G. , Seror R. , Fogel O. , Belkhir R. , Boudaoud S. , Saraux A. , Larroche C. , Le Guern V. , Gottenberg J. E. , Mariette X.
Published: September 2015

Objective

Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a severe complication of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Ectopic germinal centers (GCs) in the salivary glands are predictors of the occurrence of NHL. Given the association between CCL11 and CXCL13 and ectopic GCs, we assessed the link between these chemokines and NHL, as well as the association between these chemokines and disease activity, in patients with primary SS.

Methods

Serum levels of CCL11 and CXCL13 were evaluated by multiplex assay in 385 patients included in the Assessment of Systemic Signs and Evolution of Sjögren's Syndrome (ASSESS) cohort. The association between chemokine levels, B cell biomarkers, and patient subsets was assessed using Spearman's test for continuous data and the nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test for categorical data. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify parameters associated with lymphoma and disease activity.

Results

Seventeen patients had a history of lymphoma, and 5 of them had developed NHL during followup. The median serum levels of CCL11 and CXCL13 in the total cohort were 106.48 pg/ml (interquartile range 69.33–149.85) and 108.31 pg/ml (interquartile range 58.88–200.13), respectively. Patients with lymphoma had higher levels of CXCL13 than did patients without lymphoma (P = 0.006) and a trend toward a higher level of CCL11 (P = 0.056). Low C4 and high BAFF levels were associated with NHL on multivariate analysis (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0002, respectively). CCL11 and CXCL13 levels correlated positively with the rheumatoid factor titer, the κ‐to‐λ free light chain ratio, and the β2‐microglubulin level. CXCL13 was the only parameter associated with disease activity on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate a link between CXCL13 and CCL11 and disease activity and lymphoma. This highlights the continuum between chronic B cell activation, disease activity, and lymphomagenesis in patients with primary SS.