bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rumanian Slavia as the Frontier of Orthodoxy. The Case of the Slavo-Rumanian Tetraevangelion of Sibiu
Authors: Stabile Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

At least from the 14th to the 17th c. – beyond their Middle Ages until their Early Modern Ages – the Rumanians belonged to the so-called Slavia Orthodoxa. Besides the Orthodox faith, they had in common with the Orthodox Slavs the Cyrillic alphabet until the 19th c. and the Church Slavonic, which was the language of the Church, of the Chancery and of the written culture, until the 17th c., although with an increasing competition of the Rumanian volgare. The crisis and decline of the Rumanian Slavonism, the rise of the local vernacular, have been related with Heterodox influences penetrated in Banat and Transylvania. Actually, the first Rumanian translations of the Holy Scriptures, in the 16th c., were promoted, if not confessionally inspired, by the Lutheran Reformation recently transplanted in Banat and Transylvania (some scholars incline to a [widely] Hussite origin of these early translations). Not only Banat and Transylvania, but also Moldavia and Wallachia (the Principalities) were crossed by the border between the Latin and the Byzantino-Slavonic world, the Slavia and the Romania. Influences from the whole Slavia – the Orthodox and the Latin Slavia, the Southern, the Eastern and the Western one – met in the Carpatho-Danubian Space describing what will be derogatively called Slavia Valachica (i.e. Rumanian): a kaleidoscope of Slavic influences in Romance milieu. The appearance of Slavo-Rumanian texts, either with alternate or parallel Church Slavonic and Rumanian, revealed that in the middle of the 16th c. the decline of Slavonism had already started. Mostly but not only in the western regions, beyond the Carpathians, which were under Latin rule, the Orthodox (“Schismatic”) clergy was less and less confident with the Slavonic. This last still remained the sacred language though largely unintelligible, whilst the vernacular still lacked sacred dignity, besides being suspect to spread Heterodoxy. The Slavo-Rumanian Tetraevangelion of Sibiu (1551–1553) is the oldest version of a biblical text in Slavonic and Rumanian and contains the oldest surviving printed text in Rumanian. Apart from evoking icastically – by its twocolumns a fronte layout – the Slavic-Rumanian linguistic border, this fragment of a Four-Gospels Book (Mt 3, 17 – 27, 55) can be considered in many senses a border text: geographically (the border between East and West), chronologically (the decline of Slavonism and the rise of the Rumanian Vernacular), culturally and confessionally (the border between the Latin [i.e. Catholic then Protestant too] West and the Byzantino-Slavonic East). This paper aims to reconstruct, as far as possible, the complex milieu in which the Tetraevangelion was translated, (maybe) redacted and printed, focusing on the Slavonisms in its Rumanian text. A special attention will be paid to any possible interaction between that mainly Latin (Lutheran-Saxon) milieu and the Rumanian Slavonism.
Nations and Minorities in Psellos’ "Chronographia" (976–1078)
Authors: Lauritzen Frederick
Published: April 2020

The Chronographia of Michael Psellos (1018–1081) reveals a limited interest in nations and minorities within and without the Byzantine Empire. He had access to information about these peoples either indirectly (1018–1042) or more directly (1042–1078). He has a greater understanding of their complexity, especially between 1042–1059 when his friend Constantine Leichoudes was mesazon. Psellos refers to nations and minorities in his Chronographia through the prism of the imperial court at Constantinople.
Who Could ‘the Godless Ishmaelites from the Yathrib Desert’ Be to the Author of the Novgorod First Chronicle? The "Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius" in Medieval South and East Slavic Literatures
Authors: Brzozowska Zofia Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

The work of Pseudo-Methodius, whose creation (in the original Syrian version) dates back to ca. 690, enjoyed considerable popularity in Medieval Slavic literatures. It was translated into Church Slavic thrice. In all likelihood, these translations arose independently of each other in Bulgaria, based on the Greek translation, the so-called ‘first Byzantine redaction’ (from the beginning of the 8th century). From Bulgaria, the Slavic version of the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius spread to other Slavic lands – Serbia and Rus’. In the latter, the work of Pseudo-Methodius must have been known already at the beginning of the 12th century, given that quotations from it appear in the Russian Primary Chronicle (from the second decade of the 12th century). In the 15th century, an original, expanded with inserts taken from other works, Slavic version also came into being, known as the ‘interpolated redaction’. All of the Slavic translations display clear marks of the events that preceded them and the circumstances of the period in which they arose. Above all, the Saracens – present in the original version of the prophecy – were replaced by other nations: in the Novgorod First Chronicle we find the Mongols/Tatars (who conquered Rus’ in the first half of the 13th century).
The Image of Muhammad in Riccoldo da Monte di Croce’s "Contra legem Sarracenorum"
Authors: Dawczyk Maciej
Published: April 2020

Contra legem Sarracenorum written by the Dominican Riccoldo da Monte di Croce was considered one of the most influential medieval Christian anti-Islamic polemics. The treatise was devoted to criticism of the Quran, which was also reflected in the way Muhammad was presented there. It offers an image of the prophet that is rather blurry considering that the author’s focus is on the contents and the form of the book. Despite that, at least three distinct categories regarding the image of Muhammad can be distinguished in Contra legem Sarracenorum. He was portrayed, first and foremost, as a heresiarch, as a false prophet (most of the information about the prophet included in this work is used to support that view), and simply as an evil man. The image of Muhammad outlined by Riccoldo is largely dependent on the contents of the Mozarabic polemic treatise Liber denudationis, which the author used profusely. Muhammad is present in Contra legem Sarracenorum mainly in an indirect way as the creator of the teachings contained in the Quran. Generally speaking, in this specific aspect, one cannot speak of constructing an image of the prophet because in these fragments, the polemic conducted by Riccodlo focuses not so much on the person of Muhammad as on the contents of the book ascribed to him, in isolation from the creator.
Vignette of Constantinople on the "Tabula Peutingerianana". The Column of Constantine or the Lighthouse
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: April 2020

The article contains the analyses of 40 descriptions of the vignette of Constantinople in Tabula Peutingeriana created between the years 1768 and 2018. The number of these descriptions is not at all complete, however, it seems to give quite a representative survey of how has this vignette been interpreted throughout the last 250 years. Among these descriptions, merely five authors (H. Thiersch – 1909; F. Castagnoli – 1960; A. and M. Levi – 1967 and M. Reddé – 1979) believe that one of the elements of that vignette is a lighthouse. The article explains the origin of this erroneous interpretation on the basis of the edition of Tabula Peutingeriana from the year 1753, prepared by F.C. von Scheyb, and repeated by K. Mannert (1824), E. Desjardins (1869–1874) and K. Miller (1888), as well as of the observations in this field made by H. Gross (1913) and W. Kubitschek (1917). What is today regarded as the most probable interpretation of the element of that vignette, referred to as the lighthouse is the thesis that what is referred to here, is the Constantine’s Column, on whose top there is the statue of the founder of the Second Rome. If we assume the second half of the 4th century as the time when Tabula Peutingeriana was created, then the Constantinople vignette would be the oldest graphic presentation of that column. However, the graphics of the vignette is far from the descriptions of Constantine’s column in the Byzantine sources. That might result from a simple mistake made by the later copiers, or it can also be the effect of their conscious modifications of the most important vignettes on the map. For the Constantinople vignette, compared to the vignettes of Rome and Antioch, seems to contain a certain symbolic code, which allows for dating the copy of map stored today in Vienna. It seems that the original map could have been created, as it seems, in the 2nd half of the 4th century, as it is traditionally assumed. Probably it had been graphically retouched quite substantially (at least as far as the vignettes of Rome and Constantinople are concerned, joined in a strict mutual relationship) in the Carolingian period, and, more exactly, in the 1st half of the 9th century, and then, for the second time, the map underwent modifications aimed at updating its contents in the 13th century.
The Arabs in the Chronicle of Constantine Manasses
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J.
Published: April 2020

This paper looks into the piece by Constantine Manasses considering how it depicts the Arabs. It appears Manasses saw the Arabs primarily as bloody and cruel plunderers who invaded the Byzantine lands. Indeed, they won some of the fights against the Byzantines but eventually had to accept their superiority and concede defeat. It should also be noted that Constantine Manasses did not bring up religious themes when referring to the Arabs.
Treatise "De Administrando Imperio" by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus: Date of the Paris. gr. 2009 Copy, Years of Compiling of the Original Codex, and a Hypothesis about the Number of Authors
Authors: Shchavelev Aleksei
Published: April 2020

The article proposes a new version of the history of the famous Byzantine political treatise De Administrando Imperio. The text of this treatise was written after 952 and before November 959 personally by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus for his eldest son Romanus II. The emperor worked in tandem with an “Anonymous Collaborator”. The text of the treatise was based on the private notes and excerpts of emperor Constantine VII and various other historical and geographical data. Such a scheme of cooperation of Constantine VII himself and a second “Anonymous Collaborator” was described in the title of Vita Basilii Imperatoris. The same mode of compiling was mentioned in Constantine VII’s private letter to Theodoros the archbishop of Cyzicus. The original codex of the treatise was kept in the emperor’s palatial library, where one of the readers made a few marginalia on its pages; one of them is dated to after 979. Between 1059 and 1073 a scribe Michael Roizaite made a copy of this text for Caesar John Ducas. Apparently, John Ducas needed it as a handbook for future emperors Michael VII and Constantine X, whom he taught together with Michael Psellos.
Preface: Precision Medicine Approaches to Health Disparities Research
Authors: Griffith Derek M.
Published: April 2020

Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):129-134; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.129
Can Precision Medicine Actually Help People Like Me? African American and Hispanic Perspectives on the Benefits and Barriers of Precision Medicine
Authors: Yeh Vivian M. , Bergner Erin M. , Bruce Marino A. , Kripalani Sunil , Mitrani Victoria B. , Ogunsola Titilola A. , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Griffith Derek M.
Published: April 2020

Objective: To better understand African American and Hispanic perspectives on the potential benefits of precision medicine, along with the potential barriers that may prevent precision medicine from being equally beneficial to all. We also sought to identify if there were differences between African American and Hispanic perspec­tives.Design: Six semi-structured focus groups were conducted between May 2017 and February 2018 to identify benefits and barri­ers to precision medicine. Three groups oc­curred in Nashville, TN with African Ameri­can participants and three groups occurred in Miami, FL with Hispanic participants.Setting: At community-based and university sites convenient to community partners and participants.Participants: A total of 55 individuals participated (27 in Nashville, 28 in Miami). The majority of participants were women (76.5%) and the mean age of participants was 56.2 years old.Results: Both African Americans and His­panics believed precision medicine has the potential to improve medicine and health outcomes by individualizing care and de­creasing medical uncertainty. However, both groups were concerned that inadequacies in health care institutions and socioeconomic barriers would prevent their communities from receiving the full benefits of precision medicine. African Americans were also concerned that the genetic and non-genetic personal information revealed through precision medicine would make African Americans further vulnerable to provider racism and discrimination in and outside of health care.Conclusions: While these groups believed precision medicine might yield benefits for health outcomes, they are also skeptical about whether African Americans and His­panics would actually benefit from precision medicine given current structural limitations and disparities in health care access and quality. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):149-158; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.149
Why African Americans Say “No”: A Study of Pharmacogenomic Research Participation
Authors: Nooruddin Mohammed , Scherr Courtney , Friedman Paula , Subrahmanyam Ramesh , Banagan Jeff , Moreno Diana , Sathyanarayanan Myurani , Nutescu Edith , Jeyaram Tharani , Harris Mary , Zhang Honghong , Rodriguez Adriana , Shaazuddin Mohammed , Perera Minoli , Tuck Matthew
Published: April 2020

Objective: To identify reasons for nonpar­ticipation by African Americans in cardio­vascular pharmacogenomic research.Design: Prospective, open-ended, qualita­tive survey.Setting: Research staff approached patients eligible for the Discovery Project of The African American Cardiovascular pharma­cogenomics CONsorTium in the inpatient or outpatient setting at four different institu­tions during September and October 2018.Participants: Potential Discovery Proj­ect participants self-identified as African American, aged >18 years, were on one of five cardiovascular drugs of interest, and de­clined enrollment in the Discovery Project.Methods: After declining participation in the Discovery Project, patients were asked, “What are your reasons for not participat­ing?” We analyzed their responses using a directed content analytic approach. Ultimately, responses were coded into one of nine categories and analyzed using descriptive statistics.Main Outcome Measures: Reasons for nonparticipation.Results: Of the 194 people approached for the Discovery Project during an eight-week period, 82 declined participation and provided information for this study. The most common reason for refusal was concern about the amount of blood drawn (19.5%). The next most common reasons for refusal to participate included concerns about genetic testing (14.6%) and mistrust of research (12.2%). Across study sites, significantly more patients enrolled in the inpatient than outpatient setting (P<.001). Significantly more women and younger individuals declined participation due to concerns about genetic testing and too little compensation (P<.05).Conclusions: Collection of blood samples and concerns about genetic testing are ob­stacles for the recruitment of African Ameri­cans to pharmacogenomics studies. Efforts to overcome these barriers to participation are needed to improve representation of minorities in pharmacogenomic research. Enrolling participants from inpatient populations may be a solution to bolster recruitment efforts.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):159-166; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.159
Co-morbidities in a Retrospective Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Jefferson Melanie , Drake Richard R. , Lilly Michael , Savage Stephen J. , Price Sarah Tucker , Hughes Halbert Chanita
Published: April 2020

Objective: To characterize rates of co-morbidity among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy and to examine the association between co-mor­bidity status and race, clinical factors, and health behaviors for cancer control.Design/Study Participants: Retrospective cohort study among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.Setting: Academic medical center located in the southeastern region of the United States.Main Outcome Measure: Patients with at least one of five co-morbid conditions considered were categorized as having a co-morbidity, and those without any were categorized as not having a co-morbid condition. Co-morbid conditions consid­ered were hypertension, diabetes, heart problems, stroke, and high cholesterol, which had been recorded in the electronic medical record as part of their past medical history.Results: Fifty-one percent of participants had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common. The average number of co-morbidities among study participants was .87. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, being diagnosed with prostate can­cer within the past four years was associated with an increased likelihood of having a co-morbidity (OR=4.71, 95% CI=2.69, 8.25, P=.0001) compared with diagnosis five or more years ago. Age was also associated with an increased likelihood of having a co-morbidity (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.005, 1.68, P=.05). In this study cohort, race, stage at diagnosis, and PSA level were not statisti­cally associated with co-morbidity status.Conclusion: Better chronic disease management is needed among prostate cancer survivors through more effective survivorship care planning and interventions that promote health behaviors.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 1):185-192; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S1.185
The Bangkok Housing Market: Past Performance And Future Prospects
Authors: Srivarasat Pairote , Wongsurawat Winai
Published: April 2020

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of the housing market in Bangkok beginning in the boom period of the 1990s up to the most recent developments. Key summary data are provided and a simple model of housing supply is developed. While the market has recovered from its biggest crisis, there remain future challenges, some of which are likely to present themselves in other countries as well. The influence of Chinese investment and the risk of capital flight represent medium-term threats. In the long term, an aging population and growing income and wealth inequality are likely to impede prospects for broad-based growth in housing demand.
HIV and me: The perceptions of children aged 10–12 living with HIV, and their expectations for adulthood
Authors: van der Merwe Hettie , van der Merwe Alva
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article explores the understanding that children living with HIV have of their condition, and the physical and psychosocial challenges they face in pursuit of their ideals for adulthood. Analysis of the interview data, preceded by drawing-and-telling, confirmed literature findings on the importance of communication for complete disclosure and the need for repetitive discussions about HIV-related burdens to supplement medicine and treatment in pursuit of holistic well-being for children living with HIV. Research findings revealed children’s limited cognition of their HIV condition and their challenges with physical pain (attributable to their medicines and treatment) and psychosocial pain (stemming from family fragmentation and stigma). The children exhibited an intense desire for respect for their existence and for the realisation of their right to participate actively in communication regarding their HIV status. Their ideals for adult life pertained to being of benefit to others. The findings contribute to the discourse on effecting holistic wellbeing for children living with HIV.
Key words: complete disclosure, draw-and-tell technique, family fragmentation, living with HIV, physical challenges, psychosocial challenges, stigma

VIGS en ek: Die beskouinge van kinders in die ouderdomsgroep 10–12 wat met VIGS lewe, en hul verwagtinge vir volwassenheid

Opsomming
Hierdie artikel ondersoek die begrip wat kinders wat met VIGS lewe van hul toestand het, asook hul fisiese en psigososiale uitdagings in die nastreef van hul ideale vir volwassenheid. ’n Analise van die onderhouddata, voorafgegaan deur teken-en-vertel, bevestig literatuurbevindings oor die belangrikheid van kommunikasie vir volledige bekendmaking. Hierdie bekendmaking moet gevolg word deur herhaalde besprekings van VIGS-verwante struikelblokke om medikasie en behandeling te rugsteun in die strewe na holistiese welstand vir kinders wat met VIGS lewe. Navorsingsbevindinge het kinders se beperkte kennis van hul VIGS-toestand belig, asook hul uitdagings met fisiese pyn (vanweë medikasie en behandeling) en psigososiale pyn (vanweë gesinsfragmentasie en stigma). Kinders het ’n intense behoefte aan respek vir hul menswees, en aan die reg om aktief deel te neem aan kommunikasie oor hul VIGS-status. Hul ideale vir die volwasse lewe is daarop gemik om diensbaar te wees vir hul medemens. Die bevindinge dra by tot diskoers oor die holistiese welstand van kinders wat met VIGS lewe.
Kernbegrippe: fisiese uitdagings, gesinsfragmentasie, lewe met VIGS, psigososiale uitdagings, stigma, teken-en-vertel tegniek, volledige bekendmaking
La paraparesia espastica tropical
Authors: Trelles Luis , Altamirano Juan , Castro Conrado , Johnson Richard , Larrauri Luis , Aliaga Orlando , Velasco Rosa
Published: April 2020

.
Degradación de las formas psicóticas: un intento de objetivación.
Authors: Villagran Moreno Jose Maria , Luque Luque Rogelio , Valls Blanco Jose Maria , Diez Patricio Antonio , Pay Ramos Eudoxia , Jimenez Casado Carmen
Published: April 2020

.
2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission
Authors: Dietz Leslie , Horve Patrick F. , Coil David , Fretz Mark , Eisen Jonathan , Van Den Wymelenberg Kevin
Published: April 2020

With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for transmission through built environment (BE) mediated pathways. Over the last decade, substantial research into the presence, abundance, diversity, function, and transmission of microbes in the BE has taken place and revealed common pathogen exchange pathways and mechanisms. In this paper, we synthesize this microbiology of the BE research and the known information about SARS-CoV-2 to provide actionable and achievable guidance to BE decision makers, building operators, and all indoor occupants attempting to minimize infectious disease transmission through environmentally mediated pathways. We believe this information is useful to corporate and public administrators and individuals responsible for building operations and environmental services in their decision-making process about the degree and duration of social-distancing measures during viral epidemics and pandemics.
A Coadunation of Biological and Mathematical Perspectives on the Pandemic COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Qazi Sahar , Sheikh Kayenat , Faheem Mo , Khan Arshad , Raza Khalid
Published: April 2020

Coronaviruse disease (COVID-19) outbreak has created an emergency globally, and social distancing and isolation is the only solution to prevent its spread. Several countries have announced fully locked on to tackle this pandemic. The recent COVID-2019 has shaken the globe with incidence cases of more than half-million cases, and a mortality toll of more than twenty thousand to date. The coronavirus family is inclusive of pathogen of both – animal species and humans, encapsulating the isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Researchers round the globe have been dexterously working to decode this lethal virus. Many mathematical frameworks have also been depicted which have helped to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19. Research on coronaviruses continues to explore various aspects of viral replication and pathogenesis to understanding the predilection of these viruses to switch between species, to develop an infection in a new host, and to identify significant reservoirs of coronaviruses will dramatically aid in our potential to prophesize when and where potential epidemics may occur. Many of the non-structural and accessory proteins encoded by the viruses remain unclear and unknown. This systematic review highlights the current situation of the pandemic, virus genomic composition, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and prognosis along with mathematical models of disease transmission and dynamics.
Symmetry Breaking and Emergence of Directional Flows in Minimal Actomyosin Cortices
Authors: Vogel Sven K. , Wölfer Christian , Ramirez-Diaz Diego A. , Flassig Robert J. , Sundmacher Kai , Schwille Petra
Published: April 2020

Cortical actomyosin flows, among other mechanisms, scale up spontaneous symmetry breaking and thus play pivotal roles in cell differentiation, division, and motility. According to many model systems, myosin motor-induced local contractions of initially isotropic actomyosin cortices are nucleation points for generating cortical flows. However, the positive feedback mechanisms by which spontaneous contractions can be amplified towards large-scale directed flows remain mostly speculative. To investigate such a process on spherical surfaces, we reconstituted and confined initially isotropic minimal actomyosin cortices to the interfaces of emulsion droplets. The presence of ATP leads to myosin-induced local contractions that self-organize and amplify into directed, large-scale actomyosin flows. By combining our experiments with theory, we found that the feedback mechanism leading to a coordinated, directional motion of actomyosin clusters can be described as asymmetric cluster vibrations, caused by intrinsic non-isotropic ATP consumption, in conjunction with spatial confinement. By tracking individual actomyosin clusters, we identified fingerprints of vibrational states as the basis of directed motions. These vibrations may represent a generic key driver of directed actomyosin flows under spatial confinement in vitro and in living systems.
Pengaruh Nilai EC Berbagai Pupuk Cair Majemuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kangkung Darat Pada Soilless Culture
Authors: Suseno Suseno , Widyawati Nugraheni
Published: April 2020

Ground water spinach is one of the vegetable plants that has high economic and nutritional value. Soilless culture becomes an alternative in soilless crop cultivation by using substrate or water media. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Electrical Conductivity (EC) of compound liquid fertilizer on vegetative growth and to found the best type of compound liquid fertilizer for ground water spinach. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Central Java, with an altitude 500 meters above sea level. The study was conducted in June - July 2018. The study used an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of 5 treatments with four types of fertilizers and one control (without fertilizer), each treatment was repeated 5 times. The types of fertilizers tested were AB mix (Inorganic), Hortigro A (Inorganic), Multitonic (Organic), and Supermes (Organic). The results showed that fertilization caused an increase in the EC value of hydroponic solutions. AB mix fertilizer (inorganic) with EC 1,58-2,32 mS / cm gives the best results on plant height (30.01 cm), number of leaves (8.1 strands), leaf area (13.16 cm2), diameter stems (5.63 mm), and top fresh weight (388.85 g).
Serangan Sitophilus oryzae Pada Beras Dari Beberapa Varietas Padi dan Suhu Penyimpanan
Authors: Mastuti Rizma Dwi , Subagiya Subagiya , Wijayanti Retno
Published: April 2020

Post-harvest with storage are important to maintain the supply of rice. One of the obstacles found in storing rice is the attack of Sitophilus oryzae which is responsible of causing yield loss. The attack of S. oryzae on rice can be caused by storage temperature and protein content on rice. The objective of this research was to determine the attack rate of S.oryzae in several paddy varieties and different storage temperatures. The research was conducted in Laboratory of Pest and Plant Disease Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret from March-June 2019. The method used was Nested Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The treatments given were storage temperature (29oC, 39oC, 49oC and 59oC) and paddy varieties (brown rice, black rice, Rojolele and IR64). Observation variable were number of imago, pupae, larvae, percentage of decrease in rice weight, broken rice and rice powder. The results showed that S. oryzae was able to survive at a storage temperature of 29oC. Storage temperatures which increased by more than 29°C causing mortality of S.oryzae up to 100%. The longer storage time will cause an increase in population and S.oryzae attack rate.
Penggunaan Boraks Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Substrat Serat Aren untuk Hidroponik Tomat
Authors: Dewi Rena Satya Tungga , Harjoko Dwi , Bandriyati Arniputri Retna
Published: April 2020

Palm fiber from palm flour industries waste often causes problems when used as a planting medium such as easy to decompose. The plants used are tomatoes, because of their low production due to the use of fertilizers and planting media that are not yet right. One of the cultivation techniques that is expected to improve yields and quality of tomatoes is hydroponics. The research aimed to knowing the effect of borax on palm fiber decomposition after it is used for tomato cultivation. The research was carried out at Greenhouse B Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta from January-July 2019. The method used was Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the soaking time of the palm fiber substrate in the borax solution 10% of concentration, which is 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. The second factor was the variety of tomato varieties, namely Servo and Ken Dedes. The results showed that soaking treatment not significantly affected to almost all observed variables and tomato varieties not significantly affected to the growth and yield.
Induksi Kalus Gaharu dengan NAA dan BAP Secara In Vitro
Authors: Wahyuni Amalina , Satria Benni , Zainal Aprizal
Published: April 2020

Agarwood has a high economic value because they have many benefits that cause agarwood to be hunted to meet the increasing market demand and its presence in nature is decreasing due to unwise conventional retrieval systems.The research objectives were to study the effect and determine the best concentration of NAA and BAP in callus induction of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). This research was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from October 2018 until January 2019. The leaves of Agarwood were used as explants. The method used was completely randomized design (CRD) with different combinations of NAA and BAP (1.5 + 0.5 ppm, 3.0 + 0.5 ppm, 1.5 + 1.0 ppm, and 3.0 + 1.0 ppm). Data were analyzed using the F test and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a level of 5%. The results showed that there was the effects of combination of growth regulator substances NAA and BAP on callus induction of agarwood. The concentration of NAA 3.0 ppm + BAP 0.5 ppm was the best in inducing callus with the percentage of explants life and explants form callus with 100%. The color of callus obtained varies, yellow, brownish yellow and brown. All structures callus gained in this research was compact.  Yellow callus and compact structure could be utilized for organogenesis.
Reducing sitting at work: process evaluation of the SMArT Work (Stand More AT Work) intervention
Authors: Biddle Stuart JH , O'Connell Sophie E , Davies Melanie , Dunstan David , Edwardson Charlotte , Esliger Dale W , Gray Laura J , Yates Thomas , Munir Fehmidah
Published: April 2020

Background: Office based workers accumulate high amounts of sitting time. Stand More AT (SMArT) Work aimed to reduce occupational sitting time and a cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated it was successful in achieving this aim. The purpose of this paper is to present the process evaluation of the SMArT Work intervention.Methods: Questionnaire data were collected from intervention participants at 6 (n=58) and 12 months (n=55). Questionnaires sought feedback on the different components of the intervention (education, height-adjustable desk, Darma cushion, behaviour feedback, progress chats (coaching) with research team, action planning/goal setting diary) and experiences of evaluation measures. Control participants (n=37) were asked via questionnaire at 12 month follow up about the impact of the study on their behaviour and any lifestyle changes made during the study. Participants from both arms were invited to focus groups to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences upon completion of 12 month follow up.Results: Focus group and questionnaire data showed a positive attitude towards the height-adjustable workstation with a high proportion of participants using it every day (62%). Most participants (92%) felt the education seminar increased their awareness of the health consequences of too much sitting and motivated them to change their behaviour. Receiving feedback on their sitting time and support from the research team also encouraged behaviour change. The Darma cushion and action planning/goal setting diary were seen to be less helpful for behaviour change. Benefits experienced included fewer aches and pains, improved cognitive functioning, increased productivity, more energy, and positive feelings about general health.Conclusions: Key elements of the programme identified as facilitating behaviour change were: the educational seminar, the height-adjustable workstation, behavioural feedback and regular contact with research staff through regular progress chats. Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN10967042, Registered on 2 February 2015, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10967042
Survival and prognostic factor analyses in malignant giant cell tumour of bone
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Xin , Lin Feng , Xu Guijun , Wu Haixiao , Duan Jincai , Mao Min , Zhang Chao
Published: April 2020

Background: The characteristics and survival of patients with malignant giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) have not been investigated thoroughly due to the rarity of the disease. We evaluated these factors in a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Methods: Data from patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and intergroup differences were tested by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.
Results: A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. A potential non-linear J-shaped dose–response relationship between the age or diagnosis year and survival. Multivariate Cox regression showed poor survival in patients with age from 35 to 60 years (hazard ratio (HR) =9.99, 95% CI: 1.34-74.80, P =0.025), age older than 60 years (HR=62.03, 95% CI: 7.94-484.38, P <0.001), with stage T2 disease (HR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.52-15.47, P =0.008), with stage T3 disease (HR=6.09, 95% CI: 1.03-36.23, P =0.047), and with distant tumours (HR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.14-6.65, P =0.024), and extraskeletal sites (HR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.02-10.85, P =0.046).
Conclusions: This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of malignant GCTB. Patients with age >34 years, stage T2/3 disease, distant disease and extra-skeletal sites had more odds to be with worse survival.
Enabling routine β-Thalassemia Prevention and Patient Management by Scalable, Combined Thalassemia and Hemochromatosis Mutation Analysis
Authors: Hashmi Ghazala , Qidwai Asim , Fernandes Kristopher , Seul Michael
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Background : Beta (β)-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited disorders worldwide, with high prevalence in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and South Asia. Over the past 40 years, many countries have implemented awareness and prevention campaigns that have greatly reduced the incidence of affected child births. In contrast, much remains to be done in South-Asia. Thus, for Pakistan, current estimates of the number of children born with thalassemia are at ~7,000 per annum, with no sign of improvement. Although there is good agreement that intermarriage of carriers is a principal source of the high prevalence of the disorder, effective tools for screening and diagnosis on which to base prevention programs are not readily available.
Methods : Here, we present results for a novel “LeanSequencing” process to identify 18 β-thalassemia and related sickle cell anemia, and simultaneously a set of 3 hemochromatosis mutations in a multi-ethnic population of 274 pediatric and adolescent patients treated at Afzaal Memorial Thalassemia Foundation hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Results : We found substantial differences in the abundance of disease-causing mutations among the principal ethnic groups in our cohort. We also found the hemochromatosis mutation H63D C > G in 61 (or 22.1%) of our patients including 7 (or 2.6%) homozygotes.
Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first screen combining β-thalassemia and hemochromatosis mutations in a single test, so as to facilitate the early identification of patients who may be at increased potential risk for complications from iron overload and thereby to improve the prospective management of thalassemia patients.
Community knowledge, attitude and practices on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral diseases in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: mbanzulu kennedy makola , Mboera Leonard E.G. , Wumba Roger , Zanga Josué K. , Luzolo Flory K. , Misinzo Gerald , Kimera Sharadhuli I.
Published: April 2020

Background

Mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVD) are among the important human and animal health threats globally. Gaining insights on behaviours and practices of local population on MBVD can improve understanding of socio-demographic and cultural factors to be addressed in intervention packages. This study was carried out to explore community knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding mosquitoes and MBVD in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Methods

A cross sectional survey involving heads of household was carried out in Kinshasa, DRC, between January and April 2019. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices on mosquito and MBVD was collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7.

Results

A total of 1,464 representatives were involved in the study. Of these, 69% were under 44 years of age, 60.7% were females and the majority (90.2%) were educated. One-third of the houses had insect window screens, 61.2% had open garbage cans, 33.4% had outdoor water storage units, 25.1% had stagnant water collection and 22.5% had water containers. The majority (80.3%) of the respondent mentioned polluted water bodies as the main mosquito breeding places. Yellow fever (86.6%) was the most commonly known MBVD. Overall, 12% of the respondents knew that mosquitoes are vectors of these viruses. Majority of respondents (72.5%) felt to be at risk of contracting MBVD. Blocked draining water channels, dirty, agriculture, house and road construction, animal rearing and automobile garages were associated with mosquito abundance. Health professionals, family member, radio/television and/or school/university were the main source of information. Cleaning environment (58%) and/or use of insecticides (25%) were the main measures implemented in controlling mosquitoes. Mosquito net ownership (87.4%) and use (67%) were high. The greater overall of knowledge score (OR: 1.4; p =0.1), attitude (OR: 1.22; p =0.1) were not predictor of good practice.

Conclusion

Most of the residents of Kinshasa had limited knowledge on the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of pathogenic viruses in both humans and animals. Raising awareness and educational sessions are essential in empowering the community on the correct attitudes and practices in order to effectively manage the risk posed by MBVD.
Outcomes of children with hepatoblastoma who underwent liver resection at a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Jiahao , Li Huixian , Wu Huiying , Niu Huilin , Li Haibo , Pan Jing , Yang Jiliang , Tan Tianbao , Hu Chao , Xu Tao , Zhang Xiaohong , Zheng Manna , Li Kuanrong , Zou Yan , Yang Tianyou
Published: April 2020

Background : To report the outcomes of hepatoblastoma resected in our institution. Methods: We diagnosed 135 children with hepatoblastoma at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients who underwent liver resection were included for analysis. However, patients who abandoned treatment after diagnosis were excluded from analysis, but their clinical characteristics were provided in the supplementary material. Results: Forty-two patients abandoned treatment, whereas 93 patients underwent liver resection and were included for statistical analysis. Thirty-six, 23, 3, and 31 patients had PRETEXT stages II, III, IV, and unspecified tumours, respectively. Seven patients had ruptured tumour; 9 had lung metastasis (one patient had portal vein thrombosis concurrently). Sixteen patients underwent primary liver resection; 22, 25, and 30 patients received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and delayed surgery, preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and delayed surgery, and a combination of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, TACE, and delayed surgery, respectively. Forty patients had both PRETEXT and POST-TEXT information available for analysis. Twelve patients were down-staged after preoperative treatment, including 2, 8, and 2 patients from stages IV to III, III to II, and II to I, respectively. Ten patients with unspecified PRETEXT stage were confirmed to have POST-TEXT stages II (n=8) and I (n=2) tumours. Seven tumours were associated with positive surgical margins, and 12 patients had microvascular involvement. During a median follow-up period of 30.5 months, 84 patients survived without relapse, 9 experienced tumour recurrence, and 4 died. The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 89.4±3.4%, and 95.2±2.4%, respectively; they were significantly better among patients without metastasis (no metastasis vs metastasis: EFS, 93.5±3.7% vs 46.7±19.0%, adjusted p =0.002. OS, 97.6±2.4% vs 61.0±18.1%, adjusted p =0.005), and similar among patients treated with different preoperative strategies (chemotherapy only vs TACE only vs Both: EFS, 94.7±5.1% vs 91.7±5.6% vs 85.6±6.7%, p =0.542. OS, 94.1±5.7% vs 95.7±4.3% vs 96.7±3.3%, p =0.845). Conclusion: The OS for patients with hepatoblastoma who underwent liver resection was satisfactory. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and TACE seemed to have a similar effect on OS. However, the abandonment of treatment by patients with hepatoblastoma was common, and may have biased our results.
Mono-segment fixation method versus short-segment fixation methods, in treatment of mono-segmental lumbar tuberculosis; using titanium mesh cage with interbody fusion retrospective case-control study.
Authors: Author) Hongqi Zhang(New Corresponding , Author) Daudi Romani Manini(Former Corresponding , Wang Yuxiang
Published: April 2020

Background ： 1/3rd-2/3rd of the remaining vertebral height can hold and withstand the standard pedicle screws; some surgeons have adopted affected vertebral fixation to avoid the complications of both long and short segment fixation during surgical correction of lumbar tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to compare efficacy of mono-segment-fixation versus the short-segment fixation methods with the use of titanium mesh-cage (TMCs) and interbody fusion in the treatment of mono-segmental lumbar spinal TB via single stage posterior-only approach. Methods ： A retrospective review was done among 34 lumbar spinal TB patients. These patients underwent debridement, interbody fusion with (TMCs) by either Mono-segment fixation or short-segment fixation methods. Eighteen patients underwent mono-segment fixation method, group (A). While 16 patients underwent short-segment fixation method, group (B). Fusion, deformity correction, and decompression were done within the affected segment in group (A), while for group (B) fusion extended one level above and below the affected vertebrae . Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, degree of deformity correction and neurological functions were analyzed. Results: Comparing group (A) vs (B), average operation time in minutes (mins) for group A was 144.2±16.5, group B was 170.3 ± 25.0 (P=0.001). Average intraoperative blood loss in milliliter (mls) was 502.8±151.9 for group (A) and 742.5±143.2 for group (B) (p ˂0.05). The mean cobb’s angle between group A versus group B; preoperative was 23.8 ± 6.5 0 vs 22.2±9.2 0 (p=0.6), immediate post operatively was 8.0±3.5 0 vs 8.3±5.7 0 (p=0.847) and at final follow-up was 8.9±3.1 0 vs 9.2 ± 5.9 0 (p=0.866) respectively. Correction rate between group (A) vs group (B) was 15.7±3.8 0 vs 13.9±5.5 0 (p=0.285) and loss of correction was 1.2±0.7 0 vs 1.1±0.7 (p=0.817) respectively. No significant differences in neurological recovery between the two groups were founds. Conclusion: Under precise conditions: mono-segment fixation method, debridement, interbody fusion with TMCs, and posterior instrumentation can effectively reconstruct the spine, maintain stability and correct kyphosis deformity similar to short-segment fixation method. Also, it can relieve pain and improve neurological symptoms. When used in combination with anti-TB chemotherapy in the treatment of mono-segmental lumbar TB via a single-stage posterior-only approach.
Clinical features in primary care electronic records before diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis: a nested case-control study.
Authors: Bashir Mohammed Talha , Iversen Lisa , Burton Christopher
Published: April 2020

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) often has a long period from first symptom presentation to diagnosis. We examined the occurrence of symptoms, prescriptions and diagnostic tests in primary care electronic records over time prior to a diagnosis of AS.

Methods Nested case-control study using anonymised primary care electronic health records from Scotland. Cases were 74 adults with a first diagnosis of AS between 2000 and 2010. Controls were matched for age, sex and GP practice: (a) 296 randomly selected adults (b) 169 adults whose records contained codes indicating spinal conditions or symptoms.

We extracted clinical features (symptoms, AS-related disorders, prescriptions and diagnostic tests). Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between clinical features (both individually and in combinations) and diagnosis of AS. We examined the associations between clinical features and diagnosis over time prior to diagnosis.

Results Several new composite pointers were predictive of AS: including distinct episodes of axial pain separated by more than 6 months (OR 12.7, 95% CI 4.7 to 34.6); the occurrence of axial pain with and tendon symptoms within the same year (OR 21.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 181.5); and the co-occurrence (within 30 days) of axial pain and a prescription for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (OR 10.4, 95%CI 4.9 to 22.1). Coded episodes of axial pain increased steadily over the three years before diagnosis. In contrast, large joint symptoms and enthesopathy showed little or no time trend prior to diagnosis.

Conclusions We identified novel composite pointers to a diagnosis of AS in GP records. These may represent valuable targets for diagnostic support systems.