bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes: um recorte sociohistórico do desenvolvimento das garantias infantojuvenis
Authors: Monteiro Marcelo Roberto
Published: February 2025

Durante o século XX, diversas mudanças ocorreram – no Brasil e no mundo – nos âmbitos sociais e institucionais. Sendo assim, questões antes ignoradas (como as noções de infância e adolescência), passam a ganhar importância. Inevitavelmente, a Psicologia foi uma ciência importante para as modificações de tais concepções, especialmente através de suas teses biopsicossociais, como as do psicólogo Abraham Maslow. Tais teorias não só mudaram a percepção científica acerca do ser humano e de seu desenvolvimento, assim como refletiram em aspectos legais e jurídicos, ao longo do último século. Assim, na esteira dessas mudanças de mentalidade e perspectiva, em pouco mais de um século, o Brasil saiu de um lugar de negligência jurídica às suas crianças e jovens chegando ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), nos anos de 1990. No entanto, mesmo com importantes progressos, as crianças e jovens brasileiros estariam, de fato, protegidas e assistidas? Foi a partir dessa questão que a presente pesquisa se elaborou. O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão narrativa e objetivou, a partir de um recorte histórico, evidenciar como os direitos infantojuvenis se consolidaram no Brasil, dialogando tais modificações com a perspectiva biopsicossocial maslowiana. Para tanto, realizou-se busca em bases de dados onlines, para levantamento do material teórico e, para o levantamento de dados atuais - acerca do problema do abandono infantojuvenil no país – se utilizou reportagens jornalísticas e dados disponibilizados por sites confiáveis, como os do Ministério Público e o do Senado, a fim de conversar a literatura científica com dados empíricos contemporâneos.
Enhancing Microseismic Monitoring Through Controlled Blasting: Waveform Analysis, Location, and Magnitude Determination in Dongtan Coal Mine, China
Authors: Zhang Xiufeng , Wang Zibo , Yin Haichen , Liu Ruifeng , Li Atao , Chen Yang
Published: February 2025

As coal reserves are exploited in deeper geological strata, the associated high stress and complex geological conditions lead to an increase in microseismic events. These events serve as precursor signatures for dynamic failure mechanisms—particularly stress-threshold-governed rock bursts—thereby introducing latent geotechnical risks to mining operations. Consequently, the deployment of microseismic monitoring systems in coal mines becomes critical. However, many of these systems in Chinese coal mines suffer from significant drawbacks due to maintenance and calibration deficiencies, inaccurate event location, and considerable errors in magnitude estimation. To address these issues and enhance the systems’ reliability and accuracy, we initiated controlled blasting experiments at the 6306 working face of the Dongtan Coal Mine. Here, we strategically deployed seismometers both at surface and underground locations near the blasting sites to capture the resultant seismic waves. Our analysis revealed substantial differences in waveform characteristics observed at surface versus underground stations. Specifically, waveforms recorded at surface stations demonstrate P-wave dominance near the source with high-amplitude, pulse-like signals, transitioning to prominent surface waves as the distance increases. In contrast, underground stations predominantly captured high-frequency P waves with shorter durations and more complex waveforms due to multipath propagation and source location discrepancies. The relocation results demonstrate that the double-difference location method is effective in achieving relatively high-accuracy event locations when utilizing both surface and underground data. Furthermore, we established a precise calibration function applicable to the Dongtan Coal Mine and determined the local magnitudes of eight blasting events. On the basis of these results, an empirical relationship between local magnitude and weights of explosives was preliminarily derived. These findings can help enhance the reliability of microseismic monitoring systems in coal mines, thereby contributing to safer mining operations.
Tiempo de feminismo, tiempo de conceptualizar, tiempo de reivindicar. El espíritu de la Ilustración en la autoconciencia y la lucha feminista
Authors: De Miguel Ana
Published: February 2025

Este artículo revisa y expone algunas aportaciones de la filósofa Celia Amorós al pensamiento contemporáneo. Se centra en las aportaciones e influencia de su libro Tiempo de Feminismo, publicado en 1997. Esta es la obra que recoge de forma más completa y sistemática sus tesis acerca del legado de la Ilustración y las insuficiencias y problemas de la posmodernidad y el pensamiento débil para satisfacer las demandas del feminismo y un mundo más justo y compartido. Dos son las conclusiones más relevantes del artículo. Que esta obra dota al feminismo de un sólido fundamento desde el que abordar el dialogo con las diferentes corrientes del pensamiento contemporáneo sin caer en sucesivas servidumbres y alianzas ruinosas; y que tal claridad y solidez teóricas explican, en parte, el arraigo e influencia de la agenda feminista en España y América Latina.
Association between serum ferritin level and bone mineral density in adult females of Dhaka city
Authors: Akhter Qazi S. , Busra Khadijatul , Saha Manasi , Islam Nawshin , Akter Mahbuba , Sarker Keya , Rahman Mostafizur , Rahman Nishat
Published: February 2025

Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are among the alarming issues worldwide affecting people of all ages. Bone mass is influenced by several factors including iron. Iron deficiency is common in Bangladesh among the women of reproductive age group. So, iron depletion could have a detrimental impact on bone, resulting in episodes of fracture. The present study was carried out to assess the association of serum ferritin level and bone mineral density in adult females.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2018 to June 2019.  A total of 122 adult females of age ranging from 18-44 years were enrolled. Eligible subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of hemoglobin concentration. The serum ferritin level and bone mineral density were measured. For statistical analysis, One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) were performed as applicable using SPSS for windows version 25.0.
Results: The mean (±SD) serum ferritin level and BMD T score of lumbar spine and femoral neck showed significant differences among the groups (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001 respectively). We found positive correlation (r±0.378 and r±0.353 respectively) between serum ferritin level and BMD T score of both lumbar spine and femoral neck which was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Low serum ferritin level is positively associated with low bone mineral density among adult females of Dhaka city. Therefore, early detection and correction of iron deficiency could be an important preventive measure against the disruption of bone composition at various stages of life.
Difference of post COVID health complications among infection and reinfection patients: a comparative study
Authors: Nazmul Husain M. , Zaman Rakib Uz , Ponni Mashkura Akter , Zaman Rafi Uz , Nasir Nafia Beentay , Roy Banaful , Banik Shantanu , Chanda Sanchari
Published: February 2025

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as a global pandemic in December 2019, leading to significant health concerns. As the pandemic progressed, the post-recovery manifestations in survivors became a growing issue. Therefore, this comparative study aimed to assess the post-COVID health complication difference between infection and reinfection patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of project and research, Dhaka Community Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from December 2023 to December 2024. In this study, we included 244 patients who got their treatment from Dhaka Community Medical Hospital.
Results: The study found that reinfection patients had higher percentages of complications, with pain reported in 15% of reinfection cases. Weakness was present in 33% of infection patients and 37% of reinfection patients. The mental health complications also seen in respondents like anxiety accounted for 30% of infection respondents and 19% of reinfection respondents. Depression was reported in 12% of infection cases and 7% of reinfection cases. Household factors like gender, BMI, religion, marital status, residence, living conditions, and smoking habits are significantly associated with both infection and reinfection patients.
Conclusions: This study found that the occurrence of post-COVID complications among patients with infection and reinfection was significantly different. Gender, marital status, living conditions, and smoking habits were the significant factors associated with differences in post-COVID complications among patients with infection and reinfection.
Correlation of serum albumin levels with early outcome and complications among gastric cancer surgery patients
Authors: Shoaib Tanvir Hasan , Biswas Girin Chandra , Parveen Shahajadi Shanjida , Prova Mahnaz Tabassum , Ekramul Haque M. , Fatema Kaselia , Rahman Sonia , Hossen M. Nahid
Published: February 2025

Background: Serum albumin, a marker of nutritional status, has been associated with surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the correlation between serum albumin levels and early postoperative complications in gastric cancer surgery patients.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2017 to March 2019 at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka. Forty patients with biopsy-proven operable gastric carcinoma were included using purposive sampling. Serum albumin levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, and complications were assessed. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean preoperative serum albumin level was 3.8±0.4 gm/dl, which significantly decreased to 3.3±0.2 gm/dl postoperatively (p<0.05). Postoperative hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 gm/dl) was observed in 52.5% of patients and was significantly associated with complications, including wound infections (38.1%), pneumonia (14.29%), urinary tract infections (28.57%), and duodenal sump leaks (9.52%). No complications were observed in patients with serum albumin levels ≥3.5 gm/dl (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Serum albumin is a reliable predictor of postoperative complications in gastric cancer surgery. Maintaining adequate serum albumin levels through nutritional optimization can significantly reduce morbidity, especially in resource-constrained settings. These findings underscore the need for integrating serum albumin monitoring into routine perioperative care.
Age and sex-specific variations of vitamin D level in Bangladeshi population: a laboratory-based study
Authors: Maruf-Ur-Rahman M. , Islam M. Rafiqul , Begum Wazeda , Islam M. Shafiqul , Mubin Nazirum , Golam Kibria A. H. M.
Published: February 2025

Background: In Bangladesh, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a silent epidemic that is neither recognized nor managed properly. The purpose of this research was to compare vitamin D levels across age groups and sexes in the population of Bangladesh.
Methods: This was a laboratory-based retrospective study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data on the age, gender, and vitamin D status of all 1074 people of all ages and both sexes who had their vitamin D levels checked at Ibn Sina D. Lab and Consultation Centre, Doyagonj, Dhaka, on a doctor’s recommendation were collected. Vitamin D levels (ng/ml) were categorized as deficiency (0 to <20), insufficiency (20-<30), sufficiency (30-100), and potential toxicity (>100). Participants were then divided into 0-10, >10-25, >25-50, and >50 years age group.
Results: The participants’ average age was 29.15±20.32 years, with the majority (39.5%) being over 25-50 years old. Nearly two-thirds [702 (65.4%)] of the participants were female. Participants aged 0-10, >10-25, >25-50, and >50 years had mean vitamin D levels of 26.68±20.30, 16.47±7.18, 20.30±9.35, and 22.73±13.55 ng/ml, respectively. The participants' average vitamin D levels varied dramatically with age. Among the subjects, 605 (56.3%) were vitamin D deficient (95% confidence interval: 53.4-59.1). VDD was detected in 52.2% of males and 58.5% of females, indicating that females are significantly more affected.
Conclusions: VDD is extremely common among Bangladeshi people. It is more prevalent among young and females. Ensuring proper nutritional supplementation among at-risk groups can help to prevent the long-term negative health consequences of VDD.
A clinico laboratorial study of effect of chronic alcoholism on hematological picture and changes in peripheral smear
Authors: Sai Sandeep Kedarisetty , Sri Meghana Kankipati
Published: February 2025

Background: Alcohol consumption is a widespread public health concern, significantly impacting immunological functions, increasing vulnerability to infections, and contributing to hematological disorders. Chronic alcoholics often experience notable changes in their blood profile, necessitating further investigation.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted over two months at Andhra Medical College, Vishakhapatnam. A total of 45 male subjects, aged 26 to 76 years, consumed alcohol for more than five years and averaged over ten drinks per week. Exclusion criteria included congenital hematologic disorders and ongoing chemotherapy. Blood parameters were assessed against standard values.
Results: Key findings included decreased red blood cell (RBC) counts in 68.9% of subjects, with macrocytosis observed in 82.2%. Lymphocytopenia occurred in 60%, while thrombocytopenia was found in 35.6%. Neutrophil levels were elevated in 62.2% of the cohort. Notably, a significant decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were documented, reflecting typical consequences of chronic alcohol exposure.
Conclusions: Chronic alcoholism significantly alters the hematological profile, characterized by decreased RBC counts, thrombocytopenia, increased neutrophils, lymphocytopenia, and macrocytosis. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions and preventive measures to address hematological impacts among chronic alcohol consumers.
Effect of short term strength training on executive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jani Priya A. , Verma Neha
Published: February 2025

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to executive dysfunction. Many studies proved that Strength training can imrove the executive function in healthy individuals. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of short term strength training on executive function in T2DM.
Methods: The 53 participants were divided into 2 groups equally by randomization. 5 drop outs from the study. Group A performed strength training and conventional exercises where as group B performed only conventional exercises. There were total 12 sessions for bothe groups. Sessions were given thrice a week for total 4 weeks. Pre and post measures of digit symbol substitution test (DSST), trail making test (TMT) A and TMT B were taken as outcome measures of executive fucntion.
Results: Statistical result of 48 participants from Independent t-test showed significant difference between both groups which explains improvement in executive function after short term trength training.
Conclusions: Short term strength training can enhance  the executive function among patient with T2DM.
Association of VEGF gene polymorphism with development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jain Kalpna , Chauhan Suman , Yadav Dinesh , Rizwan Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphism might be a useful predictive marker for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done from December 2018 to December 2019. The study included 40 patients of DR and 20 healthy controls. A complete systemic and ocular examination was done including fundus examination, fundus photograph and OCT. The VEGF gene polymorphism of 936C/T, T(-1498)C, G(-1190)A, G(-1154)A and C(-634)G were studied. To study VEGF gene polymorphism the specific primer sequences were used in both forward and reverse directions. Genomic DNA was isolated from a blood sample using a genomic isolation kit and quantification of DNA was done at 260/280 nm on a spectrophotometer. PCR amplification was carried out on each primer.
Results: 936C/T, T(-1498)C, G(-1190)A, G(-1154)A and C(-634)G VEGF gene polymorphism were found in 24 (60%), 34 (85%), 08 (20%), 19 (47.5%) and 21 (52.5%) cases respectively. 936C/T and T(-1498)C gene polymorphism were found in 08 (40%) and 05 (25%) controls respectively. 936C/T and G(-1190)A VEGF gene polymorphism was not statistically significant (p=0.234) (p=0.081) in study groups. T(-1498)C, G(-1154)A and C(-634)G VEGF gene polymorphism were significantly associated with the case and control groups. T(-1498)C, G(-1190)A, G(-1154)A and C(-634)G VEGF gene polymorphism was significantly associated with mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, PDR and control group (p<.05).
Conclusions: T(-1498)C, G(-1154)A and C(-634)G VEGF gene polymorphism was significantly associated with DR in the population of Western India. T(-1498)C and C(-634)G VEGF gene polymorphism was also associated with the severity of DR.
Beyond anti-GQ1b: unravelling atypical Miller Fisher syndrome
Authors: Kumar Gyan Prakash , Prasad Shubhanshu Chandra , Anurag
Published: February 2025

Anti-GQ1b negative Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an uncommon variant of the classic MFS, a condition that is typically characterized by a triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia, often accompanied by the presence of anti-GQ1b antibodies. In patients with anti-GQ1b negative MFS, these characteristic clinical features are observed despite the absence of the hallmark antibodies, posing a diagnostic challenge. The pathophysiology underlying this variant remains poorly understood, though alternative immune mechanisms, such as the involvement of other ganglioside antibodies or T-cell mediated autoimmunity, are suspected. The absence of anti-GQ1b antibodies necessitates reliance on clinical presentation, neurophysiological evaluations, and the exclusion of other potential causes for diagnosis. Treatment strategies remain similar to those for the antibody-positive form, typically involving immunotherapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis. Recognizing anti-GQ1b negative MFS is essential for timely and effective management, as early intervention can improve patient outcomes despite the absence of the usual antibody marker. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying immune mechanisms and refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this rare variant of MFS.Here we are presenting case report of a 53 year old female presented with diplopia, unilateral ptosis, tingling sensation in all limbs and ataxia. The patient exhibited the classic triad of ataxia, areflexia and opthalmoplegia characteristic of MFS but negative anti-GQ1b antibody titre and the patient was successfully treated with IVIG.
Novel use of famotidine in treatment of frozen shoulder: a case report
Authors: Kpeno Audifax , Sahu Pratap Kumar , Dash Mahesh Kumar , Mishra Ashutosh
Published: February 2025

Famotidine is a H2 receptor blocker used to reduce gastric acid secretion. This case report highlights a novel use of famotidine. It may be used in the treatment of frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder is a pathological condition characterised by restricted shoulder movement. We present a case report of a diabetic and hypertensive patient suffering from frozen shoulder along with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Famotidine was prescribed for treatment of GERD. Famotidine not only provides relief from acidity but also results in decrease in pain score, disability score and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) due to frozen shoulder with improved movement. This therapeutic importance encourages us to report the significance of Famotidine in frozen shoulder. This also opens a new dimension in the role of acidity in the study of pathophysiology of frozen shoulder.
A concise review on influenza
Authors: Ayanar Pratibha L. , Jamadar Simran M. , Bharati Shweta R. , Ghanwat Aishwarya R. , Pawar Kumudini R.
Published: February 2025

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can lead to mild to severe illness and can result in hospitalization and death. The flu virus is characterized by its ability to mutate, leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Understanding the types, risk factors, history, symptoms, causes, treatment, and mechanisms of action is crucial for effective prevention and management. It is classified into four types: A, B, C, and D, with types A and B being responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics. The flu is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The history of influenza dates back centuries, with notable pandemics occurring in 1918 (Spanish flu), 1957 (Asian flu), 1968 (Hong Kong flu), and the H1N1 pandemic in 2009. The 1918 pandemic was particularly devastating, infecting about one-third of the world's population and resulting in millions of deaths. For treatment of flu, vaccination is most effective method. This review focused on the symptoms, causes, treatment and mechanism of action of antiviral drug.
The lynch syndrome - a tip of an iceberg: a review of articles
Authors: Modi Birenkumar P.
Published: February 2025

Lynch syndrome priorly was known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder due to mutation in a mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Individuals with HNPCC are at increased risk for synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC). Most common hereditary colorectal carcinoma syndrome (accounts for 2-5% of all colorectal carcinomas) along with 80% of patients develop colorectal carcinoma and also increased risk of endometrial carcinoma (60%), ovarian carcinoma (10-15%) and other cancers including gastric, ovarian, small bowel, urothelial (ureter, renal pelvis, and bladder), prostate, biliary tract, pancreatic, brain (glioblastoma), cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms. Most colorectal cancers are sporadic, but inherited syndromes cause 5% to 10% of cases. Patients with Lynch syndrome tend to develop carcinomas at an earlier age than the general population (average age: 44 years old). The lifetime risk for ovarian cancer in families with Lynch syndrome is ~8%, which is lower than colorectal and endometrial cancers. Molecular profiles at the genetic level indicate that ovarian cancer in Lynch syndrome has a more favorable prognosis than sporadic ovarian cancer. More than half of sporadic ovarian cancers are diagnosed in stage III or IV, but ≥80% of ovarian cancers in Lynch syndrome are diagnosed in stage I or II. This article provides a framework for understanding the etiology of Lynch syndrome, including how to diagnose patients effectively, differentiate somatic from germline causes and how to monitor based on molecular presentation.
Comparative safety and efficacy study of laparoscopic and open appendectomy
Authors: Shinde Ganesh J. , Pinto Russell P.
Published: February 2025

Background: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency and the choice between laparoscopic and open appendectomy can significantly affect patient outcomes. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and resource utilization associated with these two surgical approaches.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent either laparoscopic or open appendectomy. Demographic and clinical characteristics including age distribution, type of appendicitis, leukocytes and additional surgical findings were evaluated. The two groups were evaluated and compared based on various postoperative outcomes. These included assessments of pain scores, opioid requirements, oral feeding tolerance, time taken to resume normal activities, length of hospital stay and overall expenses.
Results: This study included 100 appendicitis patients. The age distribution showed that young adults were most commonly affected. Laparoscopic appendectomy was linked to lower pain scores (2.77 vs 5.36 on day 0), reduced opioid requirement (6.7% vs 93.3%), faster oral feed tolerance (87% on day 0 vs 3% for open appendectomy) and quicker return to normal activity (2.42 days vs 5.15 days). Complications, such as wound infections and urinary retention, were lower in the laparoscopic group. However, the total cost of laparoscopic appendectomy is high.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy yields superior clinical outcomes, including reduced pain, fewer complications and faster recovery, despite being more costly than open appendectomy. These findings suggest that laparoscopic surgery is the preferred approach for managing appendicitis when feasible.
Corneal epithelial thickness in healthy Saudi eyes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammed Alshehri Abdulaziz
Published: February 2025

Background: Corneal epithelial thickness (CET) mapping is a critical tool for corneal and refractive surgeons, aiding in the differentiation of true corneal ectasia from suspicious cases. This study aimed to establish normative CET values for a healthy Saudi population in the Taif region and investigate variations based on age and gender using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
Methods: CET was measured in 450 eyes of 225 individuals aged 10 to 70 years using the MS-39 AS-OCT device. Thickness maps were generated for three zones: central (0–3 mm), paracentral (3–6 mm) and midperipheral (6–8 mm). Each zone was subdivided into superior, inferior, nasal and temporal sectors. Statistical analyses assessed correlations between CET, age and gender. Paracentral and midperipheral zone was subdivided into superior, inferior, nasal and temporal sectors. Statistical analyses assessed correlations between CET, age and gender.
Results: Males exhibited slightly thicker central CET compared to females (53.4±4.2 µm vs. 52.8±4.0 µm, p=0.045). The central CET increased with age, with the oldest group (61–70 years) showing a 4.6% increase compared to the youngest group (10–20 years, p=0.041). Regional analysis revealed that the superior and temporal sectors were significantly thinner than the nasal and inferior sectors (p<0.05).
Conclusions: CET distribution in the Saudi population is non-uniform, with significant variations based on gender, age and corneal region. These findings provide valuable normative data for clinical practice, particularly in refractive surgery planning and corneal disease diagnosis.
Nigam’s scoring system: a reliable and accurate scoring system to diagnose acute appendicitis
Authors: Nigam Vinod Kumar , Nigam Siddharth
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. The early diagnosis of acute appendicitis is essential and should be treated by appendicectomy at earliest to avoid complications like perforation and gangrene. Various scoring systems are in use for this purpose. Nigam’s scoring system (NSS) is a reliable, easy and accurate scoring system to diagnose acute appendicitis. NSS covers up the shortcomings of other commonly used scoring systems and thus increases its accuracy factor.
Methods: NSS is based on clinical features and basic investigations without depending upon advanced investigative techniques such as USG and CT scan. The scoring points in NSS are 17 which are divided into the 3 groups, 6 and less, 7 to 10 and 11 and more. The study includes 72 patients of acute appendicitis between January 2014 and January 2024. The results of operation were compared with histopathological results.
Results: Out of 72 patients 4 patients scored 6 and less, 7 patients scored 7 to 10 and 61 patients scored 11 and more. The histopathological reports did not show any normal appendix (negative appendicectomy). Diagnostic accuracy of NSS is found to be 100% correct.
Conclusions: NSS is found as the ideal scoring system among available scoring systems due to its 100% accuracy and 0% negative appendicectomy rate (NAR). It is a reliable, simple and accurate scoring system. It requires awareness about NSS among surgeons so can be adopted in various hospitals globally.
Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis infection in Grodno Region, Belarus
Authors: Ruslan Shyla , Kulasinghe K. A. Nethuki A. , Dissanayake Senuri R. A. , Senarathna W. Sandalie C.
Published: February 2025

A major worldwide concern, dirofilariasis is a zoonotic helminth disease that is transmitted by vectors. The disease is caused by nematodes of the species Dirofilaria of the family Filariidae. Mosquitoes are intermediate hosts, along with dogs, cats, and wild carnivores. The larva that penetrates human tissues after a mosquito bite begins to grow, develops and spreads the disease. A multidisciplinary approach is required because the clinical symptom is dependent on the location of the helminth. A 60-year-old woman presented with a tumor-like formation in the right temporal region of the scalp. Preliminary diagnosis was made as “epidermal cyst of the right temporal region” upon the examination. An ultrasound of the soft tissues of the right temporal region of scalp was performed and it demonstrated a hypoechoic formation of spherical shape. A thread-like formation which was curled into a ball was found following the surgical excision of the tumor-like formation. Diagnosis was confirmed following the pathohistological examination. The result of the postoperative pathohistological examination was; fibrous tissue with focal chronic inflammation with the presence of a helminth. The patient was diagnosed with “dirofilariasis of the subcutaneous fat of the right temporal region” (ICD-10, B74.8). Patients with subcutaneous Dirofilariasis should be treated with surgical excision following a thorough ultrasound examination. Early and efficient diagnosis of this disease can prevent the long suffering of the patient while misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary investigations.
Minimally invasive treatments for perforator vein thrombosis in varicose vein with recurrent thrombophlebitis: a case report
Authors: Kumar Birbal , Shankar Manu , Mittal Sachin , Sardana Nitin , Shah Santosh , Kumar Amarjit
Published: February 2025

Perforator vein thrombosis is less studied than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), because it has been considered to be a minor, self-limiting disease that is easily diagnosed on clinical grounds and that requires only symptomatic relief. The most frequently involved sites of the perforator vein are the lower limbs, especially mid leg below knee joint, mostly in relation to varicosities. Lower-limb perforator vein thrombosis shares the same risk factors as DVT; it can propagate into the deep veins, and have a complicated course with pulmonary embolism. We will report about a case of perforator vein thrombosis with recurrent thrombophlebitis and cellulitis and subfascial ligation along with thrombectomy of perforator vein thrombosis following the therapy of truncal varicose vein great saphenous vein (GSV) with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in one session after conservative treatment.
Unique and one of the longest appendix operated recently: a case report
Authors: Varghese Varsha Anna , Khenat Satyajeet Pravin , Patil Gaurav Bapu , Jagtap Mayuresh Chandrakant , Patil Pushpak Kiran , Kulkarni Ananta
Published: February 2025

Appendectomy is usually performed as an emergency operation to treat appendicitis, which is when the appendix becomes inflamed and infected due to an obstruction. We present the case of an 18-year-old boy with persistent pain in right iliac fossa, which was clinically diagnosed as appendicitis. On investigations, an ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis revealed inflamed appendix with free fluid surrounding appendix.  Exploratory open appendectomy was done. Intraoperatively, it demonstrated a very long 17.2 cm inflamed appendix which was removed successfully and rest was uneventful Postoperatively, patient is doing well on follow-up. Hence, it is concluded that in patients with appendicitis, appendectomy is the definitive management along with antibiotics. If delayed can present as perforated appendix and leading to further complications.
Management of chemical injury with total corneal scar and cicatrization treated with simple limbal epithelial transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation: a case report
Authors: Suram Sushma , Hood Mitesh Mohan
Published: February 2025

Chemical injuries to the eye are medical emergencies that can result in severe visual impairment or blindness, especially when complicated by limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and cicatrization. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has shown promise in treating such conditions, offering a path to restore corneal clarity and function. A 46-year-old male presented with sudden vision loss, redness, and pain in the left eye following a chemical injury. Examination revealed a total corneal scar with cicatrization, and the patient was diagnosed with LSCD. He underwent SLET combined with AMT for corneal restoration. Postoperatively, gradual corneal clarity was observed, and vision improved to counting fingers at 2 meters, though further improvement was limited due to a cataract. This case underscores the potential effectiveness of SLET + AMT in managing severe chemical injuries complicated by LSCD. While partial recovery was achieved, further surgical intervention for cataract removal may be necessary to optimize visual acuity. The case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and timely surgical management in such patients.
Not all that glitters is metal: a rare case of mechanical small bowel obstruction
Authors: Kulkarni Shrirang V. , Saxena Sagar , Sarita S.
Published: February 2025

Mechanical small bowel obstruction (MSBO) is a common surgical emergency presenting usually because of adhesions due previous abdominal surgeries. Fecolith are usually present in large bowel and are formed mainly due to stasis and dehydration. Small bowel fecolith are extremely rare cause of MSBO which are usually present in setting of inflammatory bowel disease and divertculae. We present a case of acute MSBO due to small bowel fecolith in a frail elderly lady with Dengue fever, who was suspected to have ingested metallic foreign bodies. An emergency mini laparotomy was performed with extraction of fecolith from the distal ileum with resection of strictured distal ileum and end to end ileo-ileal anastomosis. The patient developed features of peritonitis on post-operative day 4 and revealed massive hemoperitoneum with anastomotic leak and was managed with peritoneal lavage and double barrel stoma formation. She was resuscitated with blood products but continued to deteriorate during her post-operative course. This case report aims to analyse and present options which could have been done as a part of damage control surgery, rather than going ahead with a definitive procedure.
Assessment of knowledge, perception and uptake of screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors among traders in an urban market setting in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Udeh Susan C. , Aniwada Elias C. , Nwazulu Blessing H. , Udeh Simon C. , Obi Daniel C. , Ike-Samuel Ngozika S. , Ngele Louis N.
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally, with disproportionate impacts in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Traders, a key economic group, face heightened CVD risks due to occupational and lifestyle factors. This study assessed the knowledge, perception, and uptake of screening for CVD risk factors among traders in Ogbete Main Market, Enugu, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 traders selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected using the Heart Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (HDKQ). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Participants had good knowledge of CVD risk factors (63.9). Hypertension (97.3%) and unhealthy diets (85.4%) were the most recognized risk factors, but gaps were evident in the understanding of obesity (43.5%) and physical inactivity (44.9%). Positive perception was observed in 58.1% of participants. Screening rates were low despite good knowledge and positive perceptions. Blood pressure screening was reported by 67.2%, but cholesterol (4.7%) and BMI (2.2%) screenings were alarmingly rare.
Conclusions: The findings highlight significant gaps in the uptake of CVD screening among traders, despite moderate-to-good knowledge and perception levels. Targeted interventions, are needed to address these barriers.
Correlation between academic performance with self-directed learning, academic environment and self-esteem among undergraduate students
Authors: Rahman M. Mizanur , Jegganeswary  , Safi'I Muhammad , Adhila Nur , Dubit Roslind
Published: February 2025

Background: Academic performance could be affected by many factors, including external and internal factors. Limited studies have yet been conducted to correlate academic performance with other variables, especially in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between academic achievement and self-directed learning, academic environment, and self-esteem among undergraduate students at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Methods: 505 students participated in the cross-sectional-correlation study, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using Pearson's Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis.
Results: The results showed that perceived academic performance was significantly correlated with gender, self-directed learning, academic environment, and self-esteem (p<0.05) but not with age, family size, and time spent on social networking (p>0.05). The Multiple Linear Regression analysis identified perceived self-directed learning (β=0.258), gender (β=0.323) and perceived academic environment (β=0.146) as significant predictors of academic performance.
Conclusions: The study concludes that self-directed learning, academic environment, and self-esteem are interrelated with academic performance, but their individual impact needs further investigation. The findings suggest that universities should create a supportive academic environment and promote self-directed learning to enhance students' academic performance.
Predictors of anxiety and depression among HIV infected pregnant mothers on antiretroviral therapy attending antenatal clinics at leading teaching and referral hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Osman Abdihakim M. , Nyamu David Gitonga , Amugune Beatrice Kagai
Published: February 2025

Background: Poor maternal psychological health in pregnancy has a detrimental effect on the socio-emotional development of the unborn child and should therefore be assessed and mitigated. The study aimed at establishing the level of anxiety and depression among mothers on antiretroviral therapy attending antenatal clinics at Mbagathi and Kenyatta National Hospitals.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 70 HIV infected mothers attending antenatal clinics. Anxiety and depression were determined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 tools, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Binary logistic regression was done to find out independent predictors of anxiety and depression among the participants.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 32.3 (SD 5.78) years. Most participants attained at least a secondary school education level (47.1%) and were married (75.7%). The overall prevalence of anxiety was 23.8% with minimal, mild, moderate and severe anxiety at 52.9%, 34.3%, 4.3% and 8.6%, respectively. The overall depression rate was 22.6% with minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression at 42.9%, 32.9%, 15.7%, 2.9% and 5.7% respectively. There was statistically significant association between anxiety and depression (p= 0.025) but no statistically significant association between sociodemographic variables and anxiety or depression.
Conclusions: There was a considerable level of anxiety and depression among the mothers. Anxiety and depression were positively related. Therefore, counselling, psychosocial education and multidisciplinary team management should be integrated into the management of HIV infected mothers.
Magnitude and factors associated with emotional eating among pre-university students: a cross-sectional study in urban Mysuru, Karnataka
Authors: S. Shravanthi , Kulkarni Praveen , B. Sheeba
Published: February 2025

Background: Emotional eating is a phenomenon in which individuals use food as a way of coping with negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of emotional eating among pre-university students of urban Mysuru, to assess the factors associated with it, and to evaluate its relationship with anthropometric parameters and academic performance of the study participants.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 pre-university students in urban Mysuru. 5 out of 8 colleges were selected through simple random sampling and the number of participants to be included from each college through probability proportionate to size technique. At the college level, participants were selected through simple random sampling using their attendance register. Students assenting and whose college principals consented were included while students diagnosed with and/or on treatment for eating disorders and neurotic psychiatric disorders were excluded.
Results: The magnitude of emotional eating was found to be 49.8%. Associated factors included gender, monthly allowance, screen time, frequency of skipping meals, food frequency of sweets, snacks, ice-cream, chocolates, and fast food, and stressors such as relations with people, personal, academic, and environmental factors. No correlation was found between emotional eating and body mass index, female waist-to-hip ratio, and examination results. In contrast, a positive correlation was found with male waist-to-hip ratio.
Conclusions: With emotional eating being distinctly prevalent among pre-university students, students must be educated to identify their stress triggers and effectively manage them with positive coping techniques to establish healthy relationships with food.
Health profile of Anganwadi sevikas working in rural Thane- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naidu Abhishek M. , Morale Deepika V. , Gurav Ravindra B.
Published: February 2025

Background: Anganwadi sevikas are the frontline workers of integrated child development services (ICDS) programme, providing a parcel of services to the children below six years of age, females in the reproductive age group, pregnant and lactating mothers. Promoting the health and welfare of this frontline force is critical to improve the delivery of services.
Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in July, 2024 among 58 Anganwadi sevikas working in the catchment area of two rural health training centers of Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane by using purposive sampling method. Socio-demographic profile and health status of the Anganwadi sevikas was recorded in pre-designed and pre-tested formatted proforma by interviewing them. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed. SE (p1-p2) test was applied. The statistical level of significance was fixed at p<0.05.
Results: 58 Anganwadi sevikas were included in the study. 17(29.31%) subjects were in the age group of 18-40 years while 41 (70.69%) were in the age group of >40-58 years. The mean BMI of Anganwadi sevikas was 23.63 kg/m2. 17 (29.31%) subjects were suffering from one or more non-communicable diseases while 41 (70.69%) did not have any health issues. Nobody was suffering communicable disease. 13 (22.41%) subjects were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. 05 (08.62%) subjects had suffered from COVID-19.
Conclusions: Previous studies done on Anganwadi sevikas have focused primarily on the efficiency of service delivery. This study focused on their health and welfare issues. We observed, many Anganwadi sevikas were suffering from non-communicable diseases. This issue should be highlighted in the policy for them.
A cross-sectional study on stress and burnout among professionals belonging to information technology sector working from home in Tamilnadu, India
Authors: R. Abinesh , J. Barathalakshmi , K. Ganesh Kumar , R. Venkat , E. Aarthy , N. Mithun Kumar , R. Buvaneshwari
Published: February 2025

Background: The post-COVID pandemic situation has brought drastic changes in workplace environments around the world with many organizations shifting to work from home (WFH) models.
Methods: An online survey was conducted with an invitation to professionals working from home to participate in the study. The questionnaire contained statements regarding their level of comfort in working from home and the statements from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II). A total of 150 responses were statistically analysed.
Results: 60.66% of the participants were experiencing various levels of stress, with 8.6% having severe levels of stress; while 60.66% had some level of anxiety, 4% of the participants had severe levels of anxiety. 32% of the respondents had some level of depression while 1.33% had levels indicative of severe depression. Only 40.66% of the respondents reported being comfortable working from home and 46% of the people reported they could not work without disturbances at home. The nature of job, age, gender and parental status all influenced the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in those who worked from home.
Conclusions: People who are working from home are stressed, anxious and have various levels of depression as clearly evidenced in this study.