bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Trial of Biomarker-Guided Surveillance for HPV-Positive Oropharynx Cancer Using Plasma Tumor Tissue–Modified Viral HPV DNA
Authors: Rettig Eleni M. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Miller Julianna , Sargent Bethany , Carey Evan , Margalit Danielle N. , Sehgal Kartik , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Uppaluri Ravindra , Tishler Roy B. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald J. , Sim Edward S. , Jo Vickie Y. , Wong Kristine S. , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Haddad Robert I. , Hanna Glenn J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Observational studies suggest circulating tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may facilitate early detection of recurrent HPV-positive oropharynx cancer. We prospectively investigated whether biomarker-guided surveillance detects recurrence earlier than the standard-of-care methods.

Patients and Methods:

We enrolled patients evaluated for HPV-positive oropharynx cancer at a single center from November, 2020, to April, 2023, undergoing curative-intent treatment in a single-arm cohort study. Pretreatment plasma and/or tumor tissue were tested for tumor tissue–modified viral (TTMV) HPV DNA from HPV subtypes 16/18/31/33/35 using a droplet digital PCR–based commercial assay. Posttreatment plasma TTMV was assessed periodically. Detectable/indeterminate tests prompted imaging. The primary outcome was the proportion of recurrences first detected by TTMV.

Results:

Median follow-up was 23 months, with median six posttreatment TTMV tests for 155 subjects. Fifteen subjects (9%) experienced recurrence. Among these, six [40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 16%–68%] were “early true-positives,” for whom TTMV detection predated and prompted the imaging and clinical workup that diagnosed recurrence (median lead time = 132 days; range = 47–280). Another five subjects (33%) were “confirmatory true-positives,” for whom detectable TTMV confirmed suspicious standard-of-care imaging findings. Finally, four subjects (27%) with recurrence had undetectable TTMV at diagnosis (“false-negatives”). False-negatives had low or undetectable pretreatment TTMV, and 2/4 had non-HPV16 genotypes. Finally, three subjects had prolonged detectable TTMV without disease (“false-positives”); all had immunologic comorbidities. Overall, the sensitivity of TTMV for recurrence was 73% (95% CI = 45%–92%). Among 117 subjects with HPV16 and detectable pretreatment TTMV, sensitivity was higher (91%, 95% CI = 59%–100%).

Conclusions:

TTMV-guided surveillance facilitates early detection of many HPV-positive oropharynx cancer recurrences, with the highest sensitivity for HPV16 and detectable pretreatment TTMV. Clinical implementation should be carefully informed by the limitations described in this study.
Pan-KRAS Inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865 Display Potent Antitumor Activity in Tumors with KRAS Wild-type Allele Amplification
Authors: Tedeschi Antonio , Schischlik Fiorella , Rocchetti Francesca , Popow Johannes , Ebner Florian , Gerlach Daniel , Geyer Antonia , Santoro Valeria , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Lipp Jesse , Samwer Matthias , Gmachl Michael , Kraut Norbert , Pearson Mark , Rudolph Dorothea
Published: December 2024

KRASG12C selective inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, have raised hopes of targeting other KRAS-mutant alleles in patients with cancer. We report that KRAS wild-type (WT)–amplified tumor models are sensitive to treatment with the small-molecule KRAS inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865. These pan-KRAS inhibitors directly target the “OFF” state of KRAS and result in potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of cancers driven by KRAS-mutant proteins. In this study, we used the high-throughput cellular viability Profiling Relative Inhibition Simultaneously in Mixtures assay to assess the antiproliferative activity of BI-2493 in a 900+ cancer cell line panel, expanding on our previous work. KRAS WT–amplified cancer cell lines, with a copy number >7, were identified as the most sensitive, across cell lines with any KRAS alterations, to our pan-KRAS inhibitors. Importantly, our data suggest that a KRAS “OFF” inhibitor is better suited to treat KRAS WT–amplified tumors than a KRAS “ON” inhibitor. KRAS WT amplification is common in patients with gastroesophageal cancers in which it has been shown to act as a unique cancer driver with little overlap to other actionable mutations. The pan-KRAS inhibitors BI-2493 and BI-2865 show potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in KRAS WT–amplified cell lines from this and other tumor types. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that direct pharmacologic inhibition of KRAS shows antitumor activity in preclinical models of cancer with KRAS WT amplification, suggesting a novel therapeutic concept for patients with cancers bearing this KRAS alteration.
Diagnostic and Predictive immunocytochemistry in Head Neck lesions
Authors: Tralongo Pietro , Policardo Federica , Vegni Federica , Feraco Angela , Padial Urtueta Belen , Zhang Qianqian , Ferraro Giulia , Navarra Elena , Santoro Angela , Mule Antonino , Rossi Esther Diana
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: The application of immunocytochemistry (ICC), as a diagnostic and predictive tool in the workup of head and neck lesions has followed the changes and progresses in the surgical pathology evaluation. The contribution of ICC has shown a significant role in the head and neck cytology, demonstrating as its contribution can support the diagnosis in many lesions. Furthermore, its role has been evolving as an important asjuvant tool in targeted therapies.
An additional useful role is defined by the recent introduction of ICC-markers related to genetic alterations, which has opened the door to the adoption of a surrogate of molecular evaluation also on cytological material.
SUMMARY The current review article analyzes the role of ICC in the field of head and neck cytology, showing that it might represent a valid diagnostic tool in difficult cases. The review will include all the different head and neck lesions, demonstrating how we could rely on organ-specific ICC markers but also on ICC markers able to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions.
Plasma levels of organic acids associated with the gut microbiome display significant alterations in neuroendocrine tumor patients
Authors: Johansen Silje Udjus , Goll Rasmus , Nordborg Anna , Vernstad Kai , Jensen Einar Paul Helge , Florholmen Jon Ragnar , Hansen Terkel
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The gut microbiome, allegedly involved in both healthy homeostasis and development of disease, is found to be associated with several types of cancer. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), important metabolites derived from the gut microbiota, are described to carry both protective and promoting features in cancer development. Limited research exists on neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and their association with microbiota derived SCFAs. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in plasma SCFAs/organic acids in NET patients compared to healthy controls.
Methods: We quantified 11 organic acids, including SCFAs, in plasma from 109 NET patients (49 curatively operated patients and 60 patients with distant metastasis) as well as 20 healthy controls. Acids were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Results: We found that levels of 3OH-propionic acid, 3OH-butyric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid were significantly altered in NET patients with metastatic disease, as well as curatively operated NET patients, compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). In addition, a trend displaying increased acid level alterations from healthy controls in curatively operated patients with future recurrence, compared to patients with no documented recurrent disease, was detected.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrating significantly altered levels of multiple organic acids in NET patients represents a novel finding implicating further research on their role in NET pathophysiology.
Effects of a Digital Intervention to Improve DASH and Blood Pressure Among US Adults
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Askew Sandy , Berger Miriam B. , Kay Melissa C. , Palipana Anushka , Trefney Elizabeth , Blackman Carr Loneke T. , Barnes Cherie , Tyson Crystal C. , Svetkey Laura P. , Shaw Ryan , Steinberg Dori M. , Yang Qing , Bennett Gary G.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a recommended first-line treatment for adults with hypertension, yet adherence to DASH is low. To evaluate the efficacy of a digital health intervention (DHI), compared with attention control, on changes in DASH adherence and blood pressure among adults with hypertension.

METHODS:

Nourish was a 12-month, parallel, 2-arm, randomized controlled trial of a virtually delivered DHI. Participants had a previous diagnosis of hypertension. The primary outcome was a 6-month change in DASH adherence. The secondary outcome was a change in blood pressure. We used linear mixed models to compare 6 and 12-month changes in DASH adherence, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.

RESULTS:

Nourish randomized 301 adults who averaged 54.4 (SD, 13.4) years and predominately identified as female (65%), White (53%), or Black (31%). Adjusted mean baseline DASH score was 2.30 (95% CI, 2.03–2.58). The adjusted mean baseline systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 123.2 (95% CI, 119.5–126.9) and 77.1 (95% CI, 74.6–79.6) mm Hg. DASH score change was not significantly different between arms at 6 months (
M
diff
, 0.02 [95% CI, −0.37 to 0.40]). Yet, DHI participants had significantly greater 12-month changes in DASH score, relative to control (
M
diff
, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.16–1.08]). Between-group differences in 6-month changes were insignificant for systolic blood pressure and marginally significant for diastolic blood pressure, despite the DHI group showing significant blood pressure reductions from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:

A DHI led to modest improvements in DASH and blood pressure among adults with hypertension but did not outperform the attention control. Further research is needed to understand the utility of DHIs to promote DASH and identify intervention components that support long-term behavior change.
Three new lithobiomorphan centipede specimens from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber, a clue on the geological record of Lithobiomorpha
Authors: LE CADRE JÉHAN , MELZER ROLAND R. , MÜLLER PATRICK , HAUG CAROLIN , HAUG JOACHIM T.
Published: December 2024

Chilopoda, part of Myriapoda, is a species-rich group of ~3300 formally described species. Yet, the phylogenetic relationship of centipedes is not fully clear, and the scarceness of their fossil record, compared to the closely related Diplopoda, is a major challenge for understanding their evolutionary history. Within Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha is one of the most problematic concerning its fossil record, so far restricted to the Cenozoic (~40 mya) and with a single lithobiomorphan-like specimen from Kachin amber (~100 mya). Here, we report three new exceptionally well-preserved lithobiomorphan specimens from Myanmar amber (~100 mya). These represent the first report of oldest representatives of Henicopidae from the Cretaceous, and with this the oldest definite record of Lithobiomorpha. Two specimens have ten pairs of walking legs (stage IV), and one has a fully developed trunk. These specimens are similar in many aspects to the extant group of Henicopidae and, more precisely, to Lamyctes Meinert, 1868. The specimens seemingly lack ocelli, exhibit ~14 (stage IV) and 24 antenna articles, have 2+2 coxosternite teeth, and present tooth-like setae on their coxosternite margins (=porodont). The fully developed specimen possesses a tibial spinose projection on each tibia of legs 1–11, a blunt projection on the tibia of leg 12, and undivided tarsi on their legs 1–12. With the finding of these specimens, we expand the fossil record of Lithobiomorpha significantly.
Rotularia (Annelida: Sabellida: Serpulidae) attached to the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: ZHANG YUAN-YUAN , HUANG DI-YING
Published: December 2024

Rotularia Defrance is a common extinct genus of planispirally coiled fossil polychaete worms in the family Serpulidae from shallow marine environment. Here, we describe a large collection of Rotularia specimens attached to mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The fossil record of Rotularia serves as a valuable tool for calibrating polychaete evolution and suggests that the Burmese amber forest was likely situated not far from the seashore.
New species of Peloribates (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae) from a cave in the Dominican Republic
Authors: SHTANCHAEVA UMUKUSUM YA. , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: December 2024

Two new species of Peloribates (Oribatida, Haplozetidae)—P. (Peloribates) cavaticus sp. nov. and P. (Peloribatodes) luissubiasi sp. nov.—are described, based on adults collected from semidecayed leaves in the San Gabriel Limestone Cave, Dominican Republic. Peloribates (Peloribates) cavaticus sp. nov. differs from its related species P. (P.) perreti by a larger body size, the absence of the prolamella, and similar lengths of the anogenital setae. Peloribates (Peloribatodes) luissubiasi sp. nov. differs from all species of the subgenus by the presence of a pointed rostrum, and thin, roughened notogastral setae. An identification key to the known representatives of Peloribates from the Neotropical region is provided.
Can Observation Targeting Be a Wild Goose Chase? An Adjoint-Sensitivity Study of a U.S. East Coast Cyclone Forecast Bust
Authors: Lloveras Daniel J. , Doyle James D. , Durran Dale R.
Published: December 2024

Efforts to improve midlatitude-cyclone forecasts by deploying supplemental observations in localized target regions often fall short of expectations. We consider a potential contributing factor to these underwhelming results by investigating the initial-condition sensitivity of the 15 November 2018 East Coast cyclone forecast bust. We use a moist adjoint model to compute the initial-condition perturbations that minimize the large 48–72-h synoptic-scale forecast errors associated with this storm. The adjoint-optimal perturbations, which have maximum amplitudes of about 2 K in temperature and 1 m s−1 in horizontal wind speed, are widespread, extending throughout the troposphere and along a ridge–trough pattern covering much of North America. We investigate the most impactful components of the perturbations by truncating them in physical and spectral space and rescaling them to be equal in a domain-integrated energy norm to the full, unmodified perturbations. When the perturbations are confined to a localized target region of strongest sensitivity, they have weaker impacts on the forecast than when the perturbations within the target region are removed and the rest of the perturbations are retained. Additionally, when the perturbations are filtered to retain only wavelengths longer than 1000 km, they have stronger impacts on the forecast than when the perturbations are filtered to retain only wavelengths shorter than 1000 km. These results suggest that midlatitude-cyclone forecast improvements from targeted observations can be overwhelmed by smaller-amplitude but widespread and large-scale initial-condition sensitivities outside of the target region.

Significance Statement

Poor forecasts of midlatitude cyclones can cause tremendous socioeconomic disruption via unexpected heavy precipitation and damaging winds. One approach to improving these forecasts involves targeting observations in localized regions where initial-condition errors are expected to be most harmful to forecast accuracy. These efforts are expensive, yet they typically produce only minor forecast improvements. By examining a recent poorly forecast midlatitude cyclone, we find that a potential contributing factor to these underwhelming results is that small, but widespread changes to the initial state can be more impactful than the big, but localized changes that targeting is designed to make. This suggests that efforts to reduce initial-condition errors over broad areas can be more economical for improving midlatitude-cyclone forecasts than targeted observations.
Effective Time Scale of the Northern Hemisphere Winter Circulation Waviness
Authors: Chen Gang , Nie Yu
Published: December 2024

Midlatitude weather extremes such as blocking events and Rossby wave breaking are often related to large meridional shifts in the westerly jet stream. Numerous diagnostic methods have been developed to characterize these weather events, each emphasizing different yet interrelated aspects of circulation waviness, including identifying large-amplitude ridges or persistent anomalies in geopotential height. In this study, we introduce a new metric to quantify the circulation waviness in terms of effective time scale. This is based on the Rossby wave packet from the one-point correlation map of anomalous meridional wind, applicable to jet waviness involving multiple wavenumbers. Specifically, we estimate the intrinsic frequency of Rossby waves and decay time scale of wave amplitude in the reference frame moving at the local time mean zonal wind. The resulting effective time scale, derived from linear theory, serves as a proxy for the eddy mixing time scale in jet meandering. Remarkably, its spatial distribution roughly resembles that of circulation waviness in the Northern Hemisphere winter as depicted by local wave activity (LWA). In the high-latitude regions characterized by weak zonal winds, the long time scale in waviness aligns with large values in LWA. By contrast, short waviness time scales in subtropical jet regions correspond to the suppressed amplitude in waviness despite large values in eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Furthermore, the effective time scale in waviness largely captures the interannual variability of LWA in observations and its projected future changes in climate model simulations. Thus, this relation between the waviness time scale and zonal wind provides a physical mechanism for understanding how zonal wind changes impact regional weather patterns in a changing climate.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand what controls weather extremes in midlatitude regions such as blocking events and Rossby wave breaking. We introduce a novel concept, the effective time scale of jet stream meandering, which sheds light on these phenomena. Through analyzing Rossby waves in the reference frame moving at the local time mean zonal wind, we derive a scaling relation between circulation waviness and eddy mixing time scale. Our findings reveal that this time scale closely mirrors the spatial distribution of circulation waviness in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Importantly, it captures interannual variability and climate change responses. These insights provide a physical basis for understanding how changes in zonal wind impact regional weather patterns in observations and climate models.
Chiropractic Care in Children: A Review of Evidence and Safety
Authors: Misra Sanghamitra M. , Jaber Omar , Long Caroline
Published: December 2024

Complementary therapies are used to treat many pediatric symptoms and health conditions, and chiropractic care is one of the most commonly used forms of complementary therapies by children and adolescents. Research studies have investigated the evidence behind and safety of chiropractic care in pediatrics with various musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal conditions. There are limited data with a range of findings and often no definite conclusion. Despite the paucity of evidence of benefits of chiropractic care in children, the considerations around safety, and the differing opinions regarding pediatric chiropractic practice inside and outside the field, many pediatric patients visit chiropractors, and chiropractors often care for pediatric patients. Pediatric health care providers should discuss the use of all complementary therapies with patients, so guidance can be optimal with a focus on promoting health and safety.
The Effect of Modeling Missing Data With IRTree Approach on Parameter Estimates Under Different Simulation Conditions
Authors: Soğuksu Yeşim Beril , Demir Ergül
Published: December 2024

This study explores the performance of the item response tree (IRTree) approach in modeling missing data, comparing its performance to the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm and multiple imputation (MI) methods. Both simulation and empirical data were used to evaluate these methods across different missing data mechanisms, test lengths, sample sizes, and missing data proportions. Expected a posteriori was used for ability estimation, and bias and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated. The findings indicate that IRTree provides more accurate ability estimates with lower RMSE than both EM and MI methods. Its overall performance was particularly strong under missing completely at random and missing not at random, especially with longer tests and lower proportions of missing data. However, IRTree was most effective with moderate levels of omitted responses and medium-ability test takers, though its accuracy decreased in cases of extreme omissions and abilities. The study highlights that IRTree is particularly well suited for low-stakes tests and has strong potential for providing deeper insights into the underlying missing data mechanisms within a data set.
Childhood adversities and gender inequality in mental health: Do gendered institutions matter?
Authors: Gao Manjing
Published: December 2024

Rich sociological literature invokes both individual life course and macro-institutional perspectives to explain gender disparities in depression. While life course theories suggest that women’s mental health is more vulnerable to adverse childhood socioeconomic status (SES), institutional theories highlight macro-level drivers of gender disparities. Integrating these perspectives, I argue that female-friendly macro-institutional contexts ameliorate gendered health disparities by reducing the gendered effects of childhood SES on adult depression. Empirically, I employ data from the European Social Survey, which is the largest cross-nationally comparable dataset containing rich information on childhood experience and health. These data thus allow me to decompose the two-way association between gender, childhood SES, and depression across countries with varying gender regimes. The empirical evidence is largely consistent with my intervention. Women experience more pernicious mental health effects from adverse childhood SES than men, but this gender inequality, and the overall harmfulness of childhood adversity among women, is smaller in countries with more female-friendly gender regimes. I conclude by implicating these findings in broader debates about the interplay between childhood SES, gender, institutional contexts, and mental health.
Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention and functionality among homeless persons with mental illness
Authors: Raman K Janaki , Muralidhar D , Raj E Aravind , Venkatasubramanian G
Published: December 2024

Background:

Homelessness is a deeply ingrained aspect of our culture. It has a detrimental influence on people of all ages’ physical and mental well-being, child development, academic success and the establishment and upkeep of families. Homelessness and mental illness have a reciprocal relationship that makes them two interrelated social issues that affect people’s ability to function and communities all over the world.

Methods:

The study followed a Quasi-experimental research design – Pre and Post without control group, conducted in an urban rehabilitation center. A basic random sampling technique was used to select a sample of the respondents. All eligible participants who gave their consent were given the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and a semi-structured interview schedule. Statistics procedures used frequency distribution and inferential statistics such as t-tests, chi-square and correlation.

Results:

The results of the study show that the majority of the respondents (60.00%) were in the age group 20 to 40 years, 73.3% were male, 50% were married, 62.7% had no children and their educational status shows that the majority of them (63.3%) were literate 56.7% were unemployed prior to institutionalisation. The mean percentage of disability of the respondents followed by the intervention (30.9 ± 16.4) was found to be significantly lesser than ( t = 11.6, df = 29, p < .001) their level of disability (52.7 ± 17.8) before the psychosocial intervention. A significant negative correlation exists between disability and income ( r = −.48, p < .01).

Discussion:

Psychosocial intervention plays an essential role in enhancing functionality among homeless persons with mental illness in terms of self-help skills, social skills development, casework, group work, working with family and community and networking with community-based organisations to develop a support system. The present study revealed a significant negative correlation between disability and income.
Evaluating the organisational implementation and impact of a solution-focused brief therapy-informed youth programme: Longitudinal qualitative insights from a Singaporean agency
Authors: Goh Timothy , Kwan Jin Yao , Tan Yan Ling , Ng Venna , Khor Joanna
Published: December 2024

Despite growing knowledge of outcomes associated with solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), research gaps exist in evaluating it’s effectiveness. Over 1 year, using in-depth qualitative interviews involving Singaporean youth workers and youth, findings indicated that agency-wide SFBT training and implementation within a conducive youth agency context created positive youth worker and youth impact. The youth worker–youth therapeutic alliance was further strengthened through rapport-building and improved relationships arising from SFBT utilisation, thereby creating a positive feedback loop for present and future programming. The findings have implications for social work organisations and youth workers when adopting and adapting SFBT-informed programmes for effective youth engagement.
Schwann Cell–Secreted S100B Promotes Wound Healing via Paracrine Modulation
Authors: Zhou Y. , Li K. , Ma Z. , Wang L. , Chen L. , Li W. , Wong Z. , Wang X. , Yang Z. , Liao Y. , Chen W. , Fu G. , Ding C. , Zou D.
Published: December 2024

As the supply source for gingival grafts, the palatal tissue possesses marked regenerative ability after repeated wounding over the buccal attached gingiva and skin. However, the intrinsic mechanisms are poorly understood. Schwann cells reportedly participate in wound repair of many tissues. Here, we investigate whether Schwann cells play an essential role in the wound healing of palatal mucosa. We performed multiomics analysis in nonhuman primates, integrating scRNA-seq and proteomics analysis, and built wound-healing models in the palatal mucosa and buccal attached gingiva and skin to compare the regeneration among different sites and explore the paracrine role of Schwann cells in the healing of palatal mucosa. With regard to in vivo validation, GelMA hydrogels loaded with conditional medium or exogenous protein were applied in rat and monkey skin. We revealed greater distributions and a lower differentiation state of Schwann cells in the palatal mucosa at baseline. Moreover, S100B levels were significantly greater in the wound healing of palatal mucosa than in the buccal attached gingiva, and Schwann cell–secreted S100B can promote the healing-related capabilities of fibroblasts via paracrine modulation with receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which activates the crosstalk between NF-κB and Notch signaling, leading to expedited wound closure in vivo. Our work shows that Schwann cells play a crucial role in the wound healing of the palatal mucosa through the S100B/RAGE/NF-κB/Notch paracrine axis. In addition, our data provide novel insights into the therapeutic effects of S100B protein on wound healing.
Peer Pressure and Cyberaggression in Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Moral Disengagement Strategies
Authors: Álvarez-Turrado Blanca , Falla Daniel , Romera Eva M.
Published: December 2024

Studies on cyberbullying recognize that peer group pressure can activate certain moral disengagement mechanisms that promote the perpetration of aggressive behaviors online. The objectives of this research were to analyze the association of peer group pressure with cyberaggression and to test the mediation effect of different moral disengagement strategies. The total sample was 1,487 schoolchildren (48.1% girls; M = 13.46, SD = 1.07) aged 11 to 17, who were surveyed using self-reports. Descriptive and mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro. The results indicated that there was a direct, significant relationship between peer pressure and cyberaggression. The moral disengagement strategies that showed an indirect effect on the relationship between peer pressure and cyberaggression were minimizing of responsibility, distortion of consequences, and dehumanization. Here, we discuss how the cognitive processes originated by peer pressure may be related to the perpetration of immoral behaviors online.
Psychosocial support for families journeying with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: O’Kelly Nicola Leigh , Fourie Jean Veronica
Published: December 2024

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a fairly common neurodevelopmental motor disorder resulting in challenges with the acquisition and execution of motor skills that impact academic productivity, leisure, and play. Although DCD is typically only diagnosed in one member of the family, the multi-domain and lifelong obstacles created by this disorder influence the entire family unit. However, families are seldom offered post-diagnostic support. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the support required by families journeying with DCD. To achieve this, a descriptive qualitative study was used to describe the experiences of families. Families ( n = 44, from eight countries) completed an online questionnaire and participated in semi-structured interviews ( n = 12). The families indicated three key areas of support which they believe would be beneficial. The sharing of information which is easily accessible, understandable, includes practical examples, and location-specific support services was crucial in supporting families. Families stressed the need for informative collaboration with healthcare and education sectors to promote greater awareness so that less parental advocacy on behalf of the patient is required. Since families frequently feel isolated, support in developing connections both online and with other families in similar geographical locations is crucial for sharing ideas and interacting, so that the journey with DCD is not walked alone. These findings indicate a broader and deeper understanding of the psycho-social support required by families with guidelines for psychologists working with DCD individuals.
Experience of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma and Its Association With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms Among Community Dwelling Women and Men
Authors: Jain Divya , Esopenko Carrie , Dorman Katherine , Gurrapu Shravya , Marshall Amy D.
Published: December 2024

Individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) often report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms and IPV-related head trauma (IPV-HT), which can also affect mental health. We aimed to estimate rates of IPV-HT and examine the unique associations of IPV, HT, and IPV-HT with PTSD and depression symptom severity in a community-based sample of cohabitating couples. A total of 413 participants (216 women, 1 non-binary) self-reported lifetime history of HT and physical IPV. Chi-square analyses and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the proportion of women and men who reported IPV-HT. Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn’s post-hoc testing and Bonferroni correction were used to compare symptom severity across five groups: (a) IPV-HT, (b) non-IPV-related HT (Other HT) with exposure to physical IPV (IPV-Other HT), (c) Other HT without exposure to physical IPV (No IPV-Other HT), (d) no exposure to HT with exposure to physical IPV (IPV-No HT), and (e) no exposure to HT without exposure to physical IPV (No IPV-No HT). A greater proportion of women than men reported IPV-HT from a fight or being strangled (fight: 50.0% vs. 3.6%, p < .001; Strangulation: 74.1% vs. 3.8%, p < .001). The IPV-HT and IPV-Other HT groups endorsed greater PTSD and depression symptom severity compared to all individuals with no history of physical IPV, regardless of HT exposure (IPV-No HT and IPV-Other HT groups). No differences in symptom severity between the IPV-HT and the other IPV groups (No HT and Other HT) were found. These results suggest that PTSD and depression symptom severity may be driven by experiencing physical IPV, with some exacerbation due to experiencing HT of any etiology. Future work seeking to examine the effects of IPV-HT on PTSD and depression symptom severity should consider any history of physical IPV and any additional HT exposures.
Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Moisturizing Therapy in Treating Nipple Trauma and Nipple Pain
Authors: Nakamura Maya , Luo Yunjie , Ebina Yasuhiko
Published: December 2024

Background:

Nipple trauma and pain pose a challenge, leading to premature discontinuation of breastfeeding. Moisturizing therapies, including lanolin and hydrogel dressings, have been proposed for nipple trauma and pain management. Despite the availability of multiple approaches, evidence for moisturizing therapy is lacking.

Research Aim:

This review aimed to determine the efficacy of moisturizing therapy in treating nipple trauma and nipple pain in lactating women.

Methods:

A systematic review based on the PRISMA-P guidelines was conducted. Seven databases were systematically searched and screened, and 24 studies were analyzed. The interventions were categorized as high, moderate, or low, based on their moisturization levels. Sample characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were examined.

Results:

A total of 21 interventions were identified: high moisturization (two types), moderate moisturization (12 types), and low moisturization (seven types). Hydrogel dressings, lanolin, and breast milk are commonly used interventions. Although intervention and effectiveness evaluation methods differed between studies and could not be compared, results in 10 (41%) of the studies demonstrated that one intervention with more moistening was more effective. Of the three studies categorized as including high moistening interventions, two (66%) supported their effectiveness compared to low moistening interventions; however, two of the three studies were judged to be at high risk of bias, and some reported adverse events.

Conclusions:

Moisturization interventions show promise for treating nipple trauma and pain more than drying nipples or using breast milk, but high moisturization needs cautious use due to few rigorous trials and the presence of reported risks. Methodological challenges and the lack of robust trials hinder evidence synthesis and robust conclusions.

Abstract in Japanese

背景： 乳頭損傷や乳頭痛は産褥早期に授乳を断念する要因である。その対処法として、ラノリンやハイドロジェルドレッシングによる保湿療法が提案されている。しかし、乳頭損傷や乳頭痛に対する保湿療法の効果に関する検討は不足している。 目的： 本システマティックレビューは、授乳中の乳頭損傷と乳頭痛の治療における保湿の有効性を検討することを目的とした。 方法： PRISMA-Pガイドラインに基づく系統的レビューを実施した。7つのデータベースを用いて、体系的に検索とスクリーニングを行い、最終的に24件の文献を対象とした。介入方法を保湿レベルに基づいて高保湿、中保湿、低保湿に分類し、サンプル特性や、介入、および結果について検討した。 結果： 高保湿（2種類）、中保湿（12種類）、低保湿（7種類）の合計21種類の介入が特定された。ハイドロジェルドレッシング、ラノリン、母乳の塗布が一般的な介入として使用されていた。介入および効果の測定方法は研究間で異なり、結果の統合は困難であったが、10件（41％）でより高い保湿の介入が効果的であるとされていた。高保湿に分類された3件のうち2件（66％）が低保湿の介入と比較して効果的であるとされたが、2件（66％）はバイアスリスクが高いと判定された文献であり、有害事象の報告もあった。 結論： 保湿療法は乾燥や母乳の塗布と比較して乳頭損傷や乳頭痛の対処法として有望であるが、高保湿の対処法には厳密な無作為化比較試験の不足と有害事象の報告があり、慎重な検討が必要である。堅牢な実験研究の不足と方法論的な課題が、結果の統合とエビデンスの確立の妨げとなっている。 Back translated by Katsumi Mizuno, PhD, MD, IBCLC
Antimicrobial membrane surface modification by copper-doped polysaccharide coating on ultrafiltration membrane for advanced wastewater treatment
Authors: Raval Hiren D. , Gohel Samarth , Magiya Unnati , Behere Maheshawari , Haldar Soumya
Published: December 2024

The growing global population contaminates the growing requirement for clean process water for Industries and sanitary pure water for drinking. Ultrafiltration is an established approach for producing water for domestic and industrial use, and it shows significant potential in eliminating pollutants from surface water. In the present work, the copper-chitosan layer was coated over a Polysulfone membrane with varying concentrations of copper in the top coating layer, and the membranes were characterized. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated that the membrane’s top surface impact was modified by an appropriately dense layer of chitosan coating. Zeta potential examinations revealed that the membrane surface charge enhanced in absolute terms with chitosan covering and increased further with copper concentration. Removal of cationic dye was greater as compared to the removal of the anionic dye by the coated membranes based on the surface charge With increasing Copper concentration in the top coating layer, the increasing bactericidal properties against Gram-negative bacteria were observed when the membrane was treated with the bacterial solution. The highest concentration of copper loading in the membrane was associated with the lowest bacterial count (cfu/ml) after swabbing the membrane surface to evaluate the number of colony forming units attached to the membrane surface. Thus, the present paper demonstrates a novel way of forming an antimicrobial layer over the conventional ultrafiltration layer to achieve the desired separation of dye and antibacterial performance.
Lack of hospital resilience as the main challenge of hospital management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A grounded theory study
Authors: Ghahramani Sulmaz , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Zakeri Mohammadreza , Ghahramani Sahar , Shojaei Payam
Published: December 2024

Background

Traditional hospital management responses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic proved ineffective, particularly considering the pre-existing challenges in healthcare systems. The study examines hospital management challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, transforming their lived experiences into a conceptual approach to prevent repetition and benefit health planners and policymakers in future crises and normal times.

Methods

This qualitative study utilized the grounded theory methodology, conducting in-depth interviews with 12 hospital administrators from seven major referral hospitals in Shiraz, Bushehr, and Tehran, focusing on COVID-19 patients’ complex conditions. The participants had a mean age of 46.6 ± 8.8 years. Data analysis was conducted using the grounded theory (Straussian approach).

Results

A total of 98 subthemes and 25 themes were identified during the data analysis process. Using axial and selective coding, we found that in the presence of contextual and causal conditions, the lack of hospital resilience was recognized as the core theme in the final model. Intervening conditions, strategies to overcome the challenges of hospital management, and the outcomes were identified.

Conclusions

Iranian hospital administrators dealing with COVID-19 recognize the lack of hospital resilience as their main management obstacle. Non-resilient hospitals’ response to crises with new management strategies can fail due to insufficient documentation and information sharing, leading to persistent problems. Prioritizing evidence-based strategies and sharing successful approaches from other healthcare systems can improve resilience. Nationwide guidelines will ensure equitable patient treatment and reduce lawsuits against physicians for resource-efficient use. Hospital resilience implementation in real-world settings is widely sought for evidence.
CleftTok: An Analysis of Cleft-Related Content on TikTok
Authors: Richlak Ethan , Pope Avery , Arroyo Mariana , Umbaugh Hailey , Crerand Canice E.
Published: December 2024

To analyze the content and sources of TikTok posts regarding cleft conditions; to examine the quality and reliability of educational content related to cleft conditions.

Cross-sectional, observational study of cleft-related TikTok content.

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Frequencies of TikTok post likes, views, comments, shares, and saves; engagement rate; post themes; and post educational content accuracy, quality, and reliability (assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool and modified DISCERN [mDISCERN] rating scales).

A total of 252 cleft-related TikTok posts were reviewed. Most posts were created by family members of patients (n = 193, 76.59%), while posts from plastic surgeons were underrepresented (n = 11, 4.37%). Positive Messages were the most common video theme (n = 80; 31.75%), and 24 (9.52%) of the TikTok posts were classified as providing educational content. Plastic surgeons had the highest mDISCERN score (2.75) among all content creator categories, indicating more accurate and reliable educational content. When content creator categories were stratified by physician versus nonphysician creators, physician posts had significantly higher mDISCERN scores ( P = .001). Despite objectively better educational content, plastic surgeons had the lowest engagement rate (1.82%), while family members had the highest engagement rate (7.04%).

Cleft teams should anticipate that patients and their caregivers will most likely access social media to learn more about cleft conditions and seek support. Patients and caregivers should be urged to stay cautious of the information they find online and ideally be offered reputable sources of information and support.
Effect of Ambidexterity on Contestants’ Creative Performance in Open Innovation Contests
Authors: Ye Hua Jonathan , Chua Cecil Eng Huang
Published: December 2024

Innovation contests have been increasingly used to address innovation problems of seeker firms. However, seeker firms complain about low-quality submissions obtained from these contests. Research suggests low-quality submissions may result from contestants’ over-reliance on exploiting experience in solving similar contests. A more balanced approach in submissions involving exploitation and exploration (i.e., individual ambidexterity) will likely enhance creative performance. However, how ambidexterity affects contestants’ creative performance in innovation contests remains obscured. On the one hand, ambidexterity can have synergistic benefits. On the other hand, ambidexterity is costly to employ. We argue that when a contestant invests in cultivating individual ambidexterity, the benefits initially outweigh the costs, leading to enhanced creative performance. However, the costs may outweigh the benefits as individual ambidexterity increases, undermining creative performance. The overall relationship between individual ambidexterity and creative performance in open innovation contests follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Creative performance was evaluated based on three dimensions—winning rate, submission novelty, and submission usefulness. Two analyses were used to test this relationship. In Analysis 1, we examined a panel dataset comprising 61,152 observations collected over 12 months from 5,096 contestants on a large innovation contest platform. Results support the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between individual ambidexterity and contestant winning rate. In Analysis 2, we randomly subsampled 500 contestants from the sample used in Analysis 1. The subsample made 3,168 submissions, which were evaluated for submission novelty and usefulness by 14 experienced contestants (i.e., domain experts). The analysis results demonstrate that individual ambidexterity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with submission novelty but a positive linear relationship with submission usefulness. This work contributes to the literature on individual ambidexterity by identifying the inverse U-shaped relationship in creative contests and demonstrates how ambidexterity affects the three dimensions of creative performance. Suggestions for enhancing creative performance are also proposed.
Item Response Theory Analysis and Differential Item Functioning of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale
Authors: Patel Tapan A. , Robison Morgan , Cougle Jesse R.
Published: December 2024

This study examined the item- and scale-level functioning of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) as well as differential functioning by gender using an item response theory (IRT) analysis. SAAS data collected from 840 college students were analyzed. A graded response model was used to analyze the 16 items comprising the SAAS. The measure was found to be unidimensional in its factor structure, and every item demonstrated high to very high ability to differentiate respondents varying in levels of the underlying trait (i.e., appearance concerns). In addition, we found evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) by gender for four items, corresponding to small effect sizes. Two of these items were related to internal experiences of appearance concerns (e.g., nervousness and discomfort when a flaw is noticed by others) that were more likely to be endorsed by women, and two of the items were related to external evaluative experiences related to appearance (e.g., missing opportunities and life being more difficult) that were more likely to be endorsed by men. Overall, the IRT and DIF results suggest that the SAAS effectively identifies appearance concerns among individuals with low to very high appearance concerns.
Talking to Artists: In-depth Interviews, Cultural Objects, and a Sociology of Art (History) Methodology
Authors: Liinamaa Saara
Published: December 2024

A key dilemma for researchers analyzing in-depth interviews is how to sensitively and responsibly interpret and incorporate the layers of meaning present in any one interview. References to cultural objects during interviews are moments that invite interpretive multiplicity. This article examines the presence of cultural objects within interview research as a methodological issue. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with artists and designers, this article approaches references to artworks during interviews as more than just evidence of cultural capital, status, and boundary-making. Interview participants talked about art because it was meaningful to them and provided another language for expressing complicated ideas about their artistic identities and careers. To better access this aesthetic and symbolic content within the analysis of interview themes, this article sketches out a sociology of art (history) methodology that illustrates how to blend sociological and art historical interpretation.