bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicone orbital prosthesis retained by a solitary dental implant placed in the inferior lateral orbital rim with a unique magnetic attachment framework
Authors: Kavlekar Namitha A , Kulkarni Sudhindra S. , Guttal Satyabodh Shesharaj
Published: March 2024

Maxillofacial trauma is an excruciatingly painful condition for the patient both physically and psychologically. In clinical scenarios, wherein reconstructive surgeries fail to rehabilitate the patient, maxillofacial prosthesis comes to the rescue. Presented here is a clinical report of prosthetic rehabilitation of an orbital deformity for a patient who had an accident. A solitary intraoral dental implant was placed in the inferior lateral orbital rim. The patient was rehabilitated using a silicone orbital prosthesis retained by a unique metal framework housed with Dyna magnetic keepers and magnets embedded in a prosthesis. The framework was cemented on the implant abutment.
Full-mouth rehabilitation of upper and lower jaws with computer-guided flapless surgery and immediate loading of implants inserted and mastication analysis
Authors: Thumati Prafulla , Thumati Roshan P. , Thumati J. M. Madhav Rao
Published: March 2024

Although a number of approaches to implant-supported restoration of severely atrophic maxillae and mandibles have been developed, most of these treatments are expensive and protracted. An exception is the concept, which uses only guided implant surgeries and immediate loading with a hybrid, screw-retained provisional prosthesis delivered on implant placement, followed by a definitive hybrid prosthesis later. The present article describes full-arch rehabilitations using implant-supported prostheses and analyzes the functional efficacy of the treatment done by mastication analysis. This innovative technique allows for full-arch implant-supported prosthesis without the need for any bone grafting procedures even in atrophic situations and immediate function. In this technique, four or six or more implants are placed in the jaws, immediately loaded with temporalization, and put into function.
Treatment of a complex restorative case by proposing a new prognostic index: A clinical case report with 3 years’ radiological follow-up
Authors: Prasad Sanjay , Adhya Pampa , Das Anirban
Published: March 2024

Elderly patients with multiple missing teeth, failed restoration, retained roots, and vertical and horizontal bone defects are very challenging to treat. This type of case needs strategic planning. A new index is proposed to assess the prognosis of individual teeth. Treatment planning is done for each quadrant and later conceptualized as a single entity. Diagnostic wax-up is an important step to educate and visualize the future restorative plan. The health of an individual tooth determines its usefulness in restorative rehabilitation. The osseous defect can be resolved by proper occlusal load distribution without the use of a bone graft. A 3-year radiological follow-up is done to assess the health of the tooth and endosseous implant. The patient’s health and quality of life were significantly improved.
Dexamethasone in anesthesia practice: A narrative review
Authors: Bansal Teena , Singhal Suresh , Taxak Susheela , Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh
Published: March 2024

Dexamethasone is routinely used in anesthesia practice and has been regarded as one of the ideal perioperative agents. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent antiinflammatory action. It reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, postoperative opioid requirements after general anaesthesia as well as spinal anaesthesia. It has been used via intravenous, epidural and perineural routes. It has been used successfully in fascial blocks. It significantly decreases fatigue, shivering and postoperative sore throat and improves quality of recovery.
Retrograde intrarenal surgery with central neuraxial blockade versus general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patil Amit Jagannath , Patel Aashutosh Ramakant , Pande Bhanupriya Shivshankar
Published: March 2024

Objective:

The aim of the article is to assess the impact of retrograde intrarenal surgery under central neuraxial blockade in comparison to general anesthesia (GA).

Material and Methodology:

This systematic review was conducted following the guidelines set out by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We conducted a comprehensive search across major electronic databases, including various types of studies such as descriptive studies and full-text literature, all of which were incorporated into the current review from 2018 to 2023. We involved those studies, which included the comparative study of spinal anesthesia (SA), epidural anesthesia (EA), and combined spinal epidural anesthesia with GA.

Result:

In our meta-analysis of 12 studies, it was found that anesthesia technique significantly affected operation time, with neuraxial anesthesia (NA) showing a mean difference of −2.28 (95% confidence interval (CI): −3.5 to −1.04, P = 0.003) compared to GA. However, there were no significant differences in rates of stone clearance, 24-h pain scores and length of hospital stay among patients administered with NA or GA for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Conclusion:

On the basis of the outcomes of study, NA can serve as a viable alternative to GA for RIRS. Our analysis reveals no significant differences in rates of stone clearance, operation duration, 24-h pain scores, complication rates, and length of hospital stay between NA in addition to GA in the context of RIRS. This suggests that given the potential economic advantages, NA might be a preferable choice over GA, contingent on patient preferences, baseline characteristics, and stone burden.
Expert opinion on the use of fiberoptic bronchospe to check the insertion depth of the left-sided double-lumen tube
Authors: Eldawlatly Abdelazeem A. , Basheer Musaab K. , AlHamdi Malik A. , El-Tahan Mohamed R.
Published: March 2024

Left-sided double-lumen tube (LDLT) is commonly used to achieve one lung isolation in most thoracic surgical procedures. Traditionally, the LDLT is blindly placed using direct or video laryngoscopy. In this brief report, we highlight the importance of using our novel insertion depth formula to predict the appropriate LDLT insertion depth and demonstrate the current evidence supporting the efficacy of the formula. Also, we will discuss two relatively new devices of LDLTs: one with an embedded camera at the distal end of the tracheal lumen and the other with a carinal cuff between the bronchial cuff and the tracheal lumen in reducing the incidence of too deep inserted LDLT. We advocate that using our novel formula and these two new devices may reduce but not eliminate the need for FOB to check the insertion depth of LDLT.
Should pipeline nitrous oxide be discontinued in secondary care: A cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Majeed Amer , Awan Amreen M.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Nitrous oxide (N2O) has seen a marked decline in its usage in recent years due to its adverse clinical effects. We audited the practice in our department to evaluate the N2O consumption and cost-effectiveness of its supply.

Methodology:

Electronic anesthesia records of all patients anesthetized in our main operating rooms in a typical month were reviewed retrospectively, and utilization of N2O was noted in addition to the patient demographics, surgical procedure, and specialty.

Results:

A total of 950 patients were anesthetized, and 3.1% received N2O. The annual usage was estimated to be 72,871 liters, with a leakage of 3,883,105 liters to the environment, posing a safety hazard and wasting 149,612.50 SAR.

Conclusion:

Notable costs and environmental benefits may be achieved by substituting a piped supply of N2O with portable E-cylinders on demand in operating rooms for rational use.
Accidental catheter breakage during caudal epidural infiltration in an adult: An unusual complication
Authors: Esteller Paula Gil , Navarro Sara , Gómez Laura , Martínez Maria , Espinós Carles
Published: March 2024

Caudal epidural block is a simple and safe technique with a low complication rate commonly used for pediatric anesthesia and treatment of chronic lumbosacral pain. However, it is not exempt from some risks that, although infrequent, should be known. We describe the case of a 48-year-old female with chronic lumbosacral radicular pain who underwent caudal epidural infiltration. During the withdrawal of the catheter, accidental breakage and retention of a fragment at the level of the anterior epidural space of the sacrum occurred. We choose to have an expectant management with regular controls and a radiological lumbosacral computed tomography (CT) scan. Since the catheter was placed under sterile conditions, no prophylactic antibiotic treatment was considered. The patient showed no adverse events during the 6 months following catheter rupture. To our knowledge, there are no reports of epidural catheter breakage at the caudal level in adults. This is why there is no standardized protocol on how to proceed in these cases, and the handling of this situation must be individualized.
Pericapsular nerve group block and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block versus fascia iliaca block for multimodal analgesia after total hip replacement surgery: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Girombelli Alessandro , Vetrone Francesco , Saglietti Francesco , Galimberti Andrea , Fusaro Andrea , Umbrello Michele , Pezzi Angelo
Published: March 2024

Background:

Optimal pain control with limited muscle weakness is paramount for a swift initiation of physical therapy and early discharge. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) has been recommended since it offers good pain control with a low risk of motor block. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block with lateral femoral cutaneous block (LFCN) has been proposed as an effective alternative to FICB that offers better pain control with a considerably lower risk of motor block. We aimed to compare the aforementioned blocks and determine which one yielded the lowest numeric rating scale (NRS) score.

Methods:

We designed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty. The primary outcome was the NRS score at 6, 12, and 24 hours. The secondary outcomes were total opioid consumption, time to first PRN opioid, and time to first postoperative ambulation.

Results:

52 patients were recruited, (13 PENG plus LFCN, 39 FICB). PENG plus LCFN resulted in a lower NRS at all three-time points (mean difference and 95%CI at 6 h 0.378 [-0.483; 1.240], at 12 h 0.336 [-0.378; 1.050], and at 24 h 0.464 [0.013; 0.914]P= 0.02). Moreover, less PRN opioids were requested in the PENG plus LCFN vs. FICB group (0 [0;7.5] vs 60 [15;80] milligrams of morphine equivalents,P= 0.001). No delay in the first ambulation or initiation of physical rehabilitation was reported in either group.

Conclusions:

PENG plus LCFN seems to offer better pain control and lead to less PRN opioids. Neither block hindered physical therapy nor ambulation. These results need to be confirmed with a larger prospective and randomized study.
Comparative evaluation of pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of Posterior Transversus Abdominis Plane block with Fascia Transversalis Plane Block in adult patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, two-arm parallel study
Authors: Priya Vansh , Shamim Rafat , Singh Brijesh , Singh Shipra , Bais Prateek S. , Prasad Ganpat
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Abdominal wall blocks, in conjunction with multimodal analgesia, have demonstrated efficacy in providing post-operative analgesia, reducing opioid requirements in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. The inguinal region is primarily innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IIH). Posterior transverse abdominis plane block (pTAP) and fascia transversalis plane block (TFP) have been observed to reliably block IIN and IIH. We hypothesized that posterior TAP block (pTAP) owing to its potential paravertebral spread will provide better post-operative analgesia than TFP block in patients undergoing unilateral open inguinal hernia repair.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, single-blind, two-arm parallel study was conducted over a duration of one year for which sixty patients undergoing unilateral open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. They were equally and randomly assigned to receive either preoperative pTAP block or TFP block. The primary aim of the study was to compare median static and dynamic NRS scores during a 24-hour period, with the secondary aim to compare the number of patients who required rescue analgesics in each group.

Results:

All enrolled patients completed the study. Results showed no statistically significant difference in median static NRS scores between Group pTAP and Group TFP at the designated time of observation during the 24-hour period [1.2 (0.4-1.60 vs. 1 (0.6-1)]. Group pTAP reported a higher median dynamic NRS scores during the 24-hour period [2.6 (1.2-3) v/s 2 (1.6-2.4); P < 0.035], although this difference was clinically insignificant. The mean time to request for the first rescue analgesia was comparable (11.7 h v/s 12 h; P = 0.99). In all the patients of both groups, loss of pinprick and cold touch sensation was observed at T10, T12, and L1 dermatomal levels. However, sensory assessment at T6 and T8 levels showed variability between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In conjunction with background analgesia and the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant, both blocks (pTAP and TFP) were observed to be equally effective for post-operative pain relief with similar patient satisfaction scores.
Validation of FIB-6 score in assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Alswat Khalid , Soliman Riham , Mikhail Nabiel N. H. , Örmeci Necati , Dalekos George N. , Derbala Moutaz F. M. , Al-Busafi Said Ahmed , Hamoudi Waseem , Shiha Gamal
Published: March 2024

Background:

We recently developed a simple novel index called fibrosis 6 (FIB-6) using machine learning data analysis. We aimed to evaluate its performance in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods:

A retrospective observational analysis of data was obtained from seven countries (Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Turkey, Greece, Oman, Qatar, and Jordan) of CHB patients. The inclusion criteria were receiving an adequate liver biopsy and a complete biochemical and hematological data. The diagnostic performance analysis of the FIB-6 index was conducted and compared with other non-invasive scores.

Results:

A total of 603 patients were included for the analysis; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of FIB-6 for the discrimination of patients with cirrhosis (F4), compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) (F3 and F4), and significant fibrosis (F2–F4) was 0.854, 0.812, and 0.745, respectively. The analysis using the optimal cut-offs of FIB-6 showed a sensitivity of 70.9%, specificity of 84.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 40.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.0% for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. For the diagnosis of cACLD, the results were 71.5%, 69.3%, 40.8%, and 89.2%, respectively, while for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, the results were 68.3%, 67.5%, 59.9%, and 75.0%, respectively. When compared to those of fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and AST-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), the AUROC for the performance of FIB-6 was higher than that of FIB-4, APRI, and AAR in all fibrosis stages. FIB-6 gave the highest sensitivity and NPV (89.1% and 92.4%) in ruling out cACLD and cirrhosis, as compared to FIB-4 (63.8% and 83.0%), APRI (53.9% and 86.6%), and AAR (47.5% and 82.3%), respectively.

Conclusions:

The FIB-6 index could be used in ruling out cACLD, fibrosis, and cirrhosis with good reliability.
Evaluation of retentive force between stud and resilient telescopic crown attachment for implant-retained mandibular overdentures
Authors: El-Hussein Ibrahim Gamal
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the retentive force between stud and resilient telescopic crown attachments for implant-retained mandibular overdenture.

Patients and methods

A total of 20 male patients were selected from the Clinic of Removable Prosthodontics Department. Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University (Kantara). Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group I (control group): patients were treated with two implants of 3.7 mm diameter and 13 mm length (in the canine regions), retaining mandibular overdentures with ball abutments, and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Group II: patients were treated with two implants of 3.7 mm diameter and 13 mm length (in the canine regions), retaining mandibular overdentures with conical abutments with a 6° taper, and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Retention force was recorded at the time of insertion (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) later.

Results

One-way anova revealed significant differences between the two groups in initial retention forces (T0). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups at T6 and T12. Group II (telescopic attachment) was associated with significantly higher retention losses than Group I (ball attachment). In comparing the mean retention loss values for the two groups at different follow-up periods, significant differences were observed for both groups.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that: telescopic attachment with taper 6° can provide acceptable retention compared to ball and socket attachment during 12 months of overdenture use.
Impact of nylon versus heat cure acrylic resin on microbial adhesion of closed hollowed obturators
Authors: El-Hussein Ibrahim Gamal
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nylon versus heat-cure acrylic resin on microbial adhesion of a closed hollowed obturator.

Patients and methods

Twelve male patients with a unilaterally acquired maxillary defect (Aramany Class IV) were chosen from the outpatient clinic of the Prosthodontics Department at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University (Kantara branch). These patients were divided into two equal groups: group I was provided with an obturator made of heat-cured acrylic resin (P.M.M.A.-Vertex), while group II received an obturator made of thermopress resin (nylon breflex, 2nd edition). Each group underwent microbial evaluation through follow-up recall visits at 2 and 4 weeks. The results were recorded, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

There is a significant difference between group I and group II. The conventional acrylic resin group showed higher bacterial adhesion than the nylon.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the study, a closed hollow bulb constructed with thermopress resin exhibits reduced bacterial colonization when compared to heat-cured acrylic resin.
Reliability of Dhaval–Rohan angle for assessment of vertical dysplasia
Authors: Harpy Mohamed A.A. Gawad , Gaballah Safaa M. , Fakhry Neveen M.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Assessment of Dhaval–Rohan (DR) angle as a vertical dysplasia indicator.

Materials and methods

One hundred and forty lateral cephalometric radiographs of Egyptian orthodontic patients of both sexes with age ranging from 16 to 28 years old, collected from the record files of patients admitted for treatment of various malocclusions. The enrolled cases were subdivided based on SN/MP angle, FH/MP angle, Y-axis/FH angle, gonial angle, and LAFH/TAFH, into high angle (hyperdivergent), low angle (hypodivergent), and average (normodivergent) cases according to Aboul-Azm and colleagues. Each case had to have a minimum of three of the five parameters indicating its pattern of growth, DR angle was constructed by using three skeletal points; C (center of condyle where the angle located), M (center of premaxilla), and G (center of symphysis of mandible), the measured data were led to the computer and statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 24. Quantitative data were expressed using range (minimum and maximum), mean, and SD. Significance of the obtained results was judged at P value less than 0.05.

Results

There is a strong correlation between the conventional parameters and DR angle. The cutoff point of the DR angle below 28° indicates a horizontal growth pattern, between 28.5 and 32.5° indicates an average growth pattern, and above 32.5° indicates a vertical skeletal growth pattern.

Conclusion

The DR angle is a reliable parameter in assessing vertical skeletal growth pattern with minimal cephalometric landmarks that easily and accurately located.
Piroxicam gel versus injectable platelet rich fibrin in the treatment of stage III periodontitis
Authors: Khallaf Nourhan T. , Sabra Reda Saber , Ghoraba Sahar M. , Attia Mohamed Attia Saad
Published: March 2024

Background

In view of the importance and prevalence of chronic periodontitis, there is still an urgent need to search for an effective therapy that is less expensive, easy to use, and readily available with no side effects. Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) and piroxicam were considered as possible treatment options of periodontitis.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of piroxicam gel versus i-PRF in treatment of stage III periodontitis.

Materials and method

The current study was carried out as a randomized clinical trial. The participants diagnosed as having stage III, grade B periodontitis were selected from the patients attending Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. The selected individuals randomly assigned into two groups (by means of a sealed envelope via masked supervisor): group I and group II. Forty sites (the deepest periodontal pockets) were selected. Twenty sites from GI was treated by piroxicam gel and 20 sites in GII were treated by i-PRF. The application was done 2 weeks after scaling and root planing and applied for five times one application every 2 weeks over 10 weeks.

The comparison was assessed clinically and immunologically. Clinically, via recorded: probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Immunologically, via measuring: the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 in gingival cervical fluid samples. Clinical and immunological were recorded at baseline (before scaling and root planing), 4 weeks (2 weeks after first application), 8 weeks (at fourth application), and 12 weeks (2 weeks after the last application).

Results

Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical and immunological parameters. Comparing GI and GII at each follow-up time point, there was significant amelioration in all assessed parameters in favor to GII.

Conclusion

The use of i-PRF is preferred over the use of piroxicam gel in the treatment of stage III chronic periodontitis, as it gives better clinical and immunological results.
Erosive effects of different pediatric medicaments on primary teeth enamel with and without remineralizing agents
Authors: Al-Olimy Yousra H. , El-Hosary Amina M. , El-Dosoky Ahmed I.
Published: March 2024

Background

Children with chronic diseases may require several liquid medications daily. As most of pediatric drugs are acidic in nature, dental erosion becomes a potential issue when medicines with prolonged oral clearance are taken for long term. The enamel of deciduous teeth is less calcified and porous which is more easily dissolved by acids. So, erosion can be a particular problem and easier to occur in primary teeth than in permanent teeth.

Objectives

Assess the erosive effects of pediatric medicaments on primary teeth enamel, and the remineralizing effect of Proshield varnish and MI varnish on demineralized enamel.

Patients and methods

This experimental controlled trial conducted on 70 extracted primary teeth divided into seven groups. The control group was exposed to artificial saliva. Three groups exposed to Probric syrup, one of them to assess the demineralization occurred in enamel surface, second one was treated first with Proshield and the third one was treated with MI varnish. The remaining three groups were exposed to Depakine syrup, one of them to assess the demineralization effects of the drug, the second one was treated with Proshield, and the third one was treated with MI varnish. Scanning is done to reveal surface changes occurred to the enamel surface and to assess how much the pediatric medicaments affected the enamel. Energy dispersive radiography analysis was done to accurately measure the percentage of elements by weight especially calcium and phosphate percentage.

Results

The study showed that both pediatric medicaments have erosive potential that led to surface changes and decrease in mineral content of the enamel. Both Proshield and MI varnishes have remineralizing effects on enamel and had decreased the effects of these medicaments but with different levels. Proshield varnish proved more remineralization efficacy with both medicaments.

Conclusions

Both Probric and Depakine syrups have erosive potential on primary teeth enamel. Proshield varnish showed better remineralization ability as compared to MI varnish.
Antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth
Authors: Elmestkawy Amira S. , Elhosary Amina M.E. , Shoker Nahed S. , Amer Wessam H.S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The study was directed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth.

Patients and methods

Forty young permanent molars out of 20 children were allocated into two groups in a randomized technique according to the material used for cavity disinfection either ozone or chlorhexidine gel. Each child had two bilateral vital cavitated class I carious lesions in young permanent first molars. Dentin samples from deep caries lesions were collected before additionally after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel and cultured into freshly prepared appropriate media for microbiological examination.

Results

There were statistically significant decrease in both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacterial count after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel in both groups.

Conclusion

Application of ozone or chlorhexidine gel as cavity disinfectant in deep carious lesions after incomplete dentin caries removal provide an obvious antibacterial effect reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts.
Silver diamine fluoride: knowledge of dentists in Upper Egypt – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Samer Faten A. , Hussein Osama S.E.-N. , Moness Amro M.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To assess knowledge level about silver diamine fluoride (SDF) among dentists in Upper Egypt.

Patients and methods

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of registered dentists in Upper Egypt using a validated, well-constructed electronic questionnaire to assess dentists’ knowledge level regarding using SDF.

Results

40.3% of dentists had never heard about SDF. Sixty four percent of dentists had low knowledge about SDF as they answered less than 50% of knowledge questions correctly, and only 25% of dentists had good knowledge about SDF as they answered more than 70% of knowledge questions correctly.

Conclusion

Majority of dentists in Upper Egypt had low level of knowledge regarding SDF material. Pediatric dentistry speciality, years of professional experience and respondents practicing in teaching hospitals were more likely associated with good knowledge about SDF [odd ratio (OR)=3.30; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.58 to 6.89; P = 0.001, OR = 2.77. 95% CI = 1.37 to 5.59; P = 0.005, and OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.74; P = 0.025, respectively].
Muco-bioadhesive gel containing basil extract (Ocimum basilicum) in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized clinical and immunological study
Authors: Shoukheba Malak Y.M. , Eagab Amany E. , Shoeib Nagwa A. , Abdelkader Dalia H. , Mahmoud Mona M.W. , Sabra Reda S. , Yousef Doaa A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a widespread highly prevalent disorder that impairs the life quality of the affected persons and leads to difficulties in daily activities such as talking, eating, and oral hygiene maintenance.

Aim

To evaluate the efficiency of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum) loaded in poly (vinylacohol)–borate hydrogel for topical application in the treatment of RAU.

Patients and methods

Twenty patients with a clear history of frequent eruption of RAU, their ages ranges between 18 and 45 years, and presented with mucosal ulcer (2 days or less duration and ≥4 mm in diameter). The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, group I (test group): 10 patients treated with mucoadhesive gel containing 2% of basil extract. Group II (placebo group): 10 patients treated with placebo gel. The healing period, pain scale, and the size of the ulcer were evaluated. Salivary endocan was collected at baseline and 5 days after materials application.

Results

There was no significant difference between the test and control group, while there were statistically significant differences between them and the healthy group at baseline clinically and immunologically. At 5 days there was a significant reduction in the degree of pain sensation, healing period, ulcer size, and decrease in the level of salivary endocan for both groups with statistically significant differences between them observed in the test group more than the control group in all tested parameters.

Conclusion

Using the muco-bioadhesive gel containing basil extract (O. basilicum) shows promise as a therapy for the management of patients with RAU.
Using a novel hemostatic peptide solution to prevent bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gastric tumor
Authors: Gomi Kuniyo , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Yoshida Erika , Tohata Misako , Nagahama Masatsugu
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic mucosal dissection has become the standard treatment for early gastric cancer. However, post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ulcer occurs in 4.4% of patients. This study hypothesized whether applying PuraStat, a novel hemostatic peptide solution, prevents post-ESD bleeding.

AIM

To investigate the preventive potential of PuraStat, a hemostatic formulation, against bleeding in post-ESD gastric ulcers.

METHODS

Between May 2022 and March 2023, 101 patients (Group P) underwent ESD for gastric diseases at our hospital and received PuraStat (2 mL) for post-ESD ulcers. We retrospectively compared this group with a control group (Group C) comprising 297 patients who underwent ESD for gastric diseases at our hospital between April 2017 and March 2021. P values < 0.05 on two-sided tests indicated significance.

RESULTS

Post-ESD bleeding occurred in 6 (5.9%) (95%CI: 2.8–12.4) and 20 (6.7%) (95%CI: 4.4–10.2) patients in Groups P and C, respectively, with no significant between-group difference. The relative risk was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.95–1.07). The lesser curvature or anterior wall was the bleeding site in all 6 patients who experienced postoperative bleeding in Group P. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios for resection diameter ≥ 50 mm and oral anticoagulant use were 6.63 (95%CI: 2.52–14.47; P = 0.0001) and 4.04 (1.26–0.69; P = 0.0164), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of post-ESD bleeding and PuraStat was 1.28 (95%CI: 0.28–2.15).

CONCLUSION

PuraStat application is not associated with post-ESD bleeding. However, the study suggests that gravitational forces may affect the effectiveness of applied PuraStat.
Effect of Angular Leaf Spot Disease on Bean Inter-cropped with Maize in Foumbot and Bambili, Cameroon
Authors: Bi Manju Evelyn , Annih Mbong Grace , Mboh Kohongong Salamatou , Kinge Tonjock Rosemary
Published: March 2024

The ability to increase beans output at local levels is often hindered by farmer’s ability to control angular leaf sport disease caused by  Phaeoisariopsis griseola, in the field. Studies were carried out in Foumbot and Bambili, using a Randomized Complete Block Design  (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications in order to assess the impact of intercropping on angular leaf spot disease. Two  varieties of bean were used (white dwarf and red dwarf marked beans). Treatments one and two consisted of mono-cropping of white  dwarf and red dwarf marked bean varieties while treatments three and four consisted of the same varieties of beans inter-cropped with  maize respectively. The data on disease incidence, disease severity, number of pods and pods weight were recorded in mono-cropped  and inter-cropped fields. Pathogenicity assessment was carried out in the screen house by inoculating healthy plants with fungal isolate  (3×104 spores / ml), during which the lesion diameter was measured. Beans varieties inoculated with spores’ suspension of P. griseola in  the screen house showed symptoms identical to that of infected plants in the fields. The results obtained for disease severity and yield  revealed that there was a significant difference (Pd”0.05) on the different treatments and in the different fields. The best yields and least disease severities of beans were observed in fields inter- cropped with maize because wind and rainfall splashes were intercepted by the  plant which is not a host to P.gliseola thus a reduction of disease in the inter-cropped fields’ plant which is not a host to P.gliseola thus a  reduction of disease in the intercropped fields. This shows that intercropping beans with maize can be used as a best management    option to control angular leaf spot disease for the two varieties of beans used in this study.
Pollution of Water Resources by Agrochemicals in the Agroindustrial Areas at the South Western Flank of Mount Cameroon
Authors: Neh Akenji Victorine , Ndonwi Ayonghe Samuel , Stephen Naminjo , Enow Tarkang Carine , Modeste Lumnwi , Melisa Bijingsi , Tabikam Amungwa Ivan , Ayimele Azise Helen
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the contribution of certain constituents of soluble agrochemical residues to surface and groundwater  pollution in the study area. The constituents studied included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Nitrate (NO3 - ), Phosphate (PO4 2-), Cadmium  (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni) in various water sources. Forty water samples were collected from both surface and groundwater. In-situ  electronic meter measurements were used to determine the DO levels. The laboratory methods of Nitrogen Distillation and  spectrophotometry were employed to measure the concentrations of NO3 - and PO4 2-, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals  were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results obtained during the wet season indicated that DO, NO3 - , and PO4 2- levels were within permissible limits. However, for Cd, Pb, and Ni, a significant proportion of values exceeded the permissible limits during this season (Cd: 95%, Pb: 95%, Ni: 35%), suggesting possible contamination of the water sources. Conversely, during the dry  season, all parameters were within permissible limits, except for Pb, where 95% of its values exceeded the limit. These findings conclude  that the application of agrochemicals in the agro-industrial areas has a notable impact on water resources, particularly during the wet  season.
The UV-Vis spectrophotometric studies of natural dye absorption on a Sida-rhombifolia/Cotton blended fabric
Authors: Efeze Nkemaja Dydimus , Linda Ngalle , Huisken Mejouyo Paul , Ndifor Bitoh Evodia , Njeugna Ebenezer , Babu K. Murugesh
Published: March 2024

The environmental considerations in natural dye have gained prominence in the contemporary textile processing industry. Natural dyes  have been exploited from a variety of plants. Some of these natural dyes have no substantive for cellulose fabrics so requires assistance  of mordant during its application. Techniques were developed to extract dyes from red sandal wood (RSW) and avocado seed (AS) for the dyeing of Sida-rhombifolia blended fabric (SRBF). Solvent (ethanol and acetone) extraction method was found suitable for the dye  extraction from red sandal wood and avocado seed. UV-Vis spectrophotometric studies were investigated on the dye absorption. Dyeing  with RSW exhibited better rate of absorbance colour than AS dye. The concentration of each dye was determined using a calibration  curve. The R2 = 0.9669 for RSW and R2 = 0.9895 for AS values accompanied the calibration curve and were considered good. Absorbance/ exhaustion of dyes were determined and characterization was done by carrying out kinetic/equilibrium absorption and the  thermodynamic absorption of isotherms. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies of red sandal wood dyes have higher rate of dyeing and  higher affinity value of 28.3KJ/mol-1 at 80°C for SRBF than avocado seeds with affinity value of 14.09KJ/ mol-1 . The enthalpy and  entropy of dyeing were also found to be positive for both dyes, hence confirming the increasing randomness at the solid/solution  interface during the absorption of dyes. Washing and Rubbing Fastness properties were investigated according to the British Standard  (EN BS 20105). The results ranged from 4-5 according to grey scale standard indicating that the colour on a dyed fabric can strongly resist  fading out when washed or rubbed against a white fabric. It can be concluded that natural plants in Cameroon have considerable  potentials as a source of natural dye.
Rethinking Afriruralization for fiscal policy of economic sustainability of Nigeria: Interrogating François Perroux’s growth poles theory.
Authors: Ejegbavwo Fidelis Oghenero , Ukustemuya Joachim Ireruke
Published: March 2024

Migration today occurs because of urbanisation and industrialization at varied degrees in every country for a better life. This paper thus focuses on the process of implementing fiscal policy of economic ruralisation development through the pragmatism of glocal contents for an economic sustainability. Thus, using the concept of Glocalization or Glocalization (a portmanteau of globalization and localism) in the simultaneous universalizing and particularizing Afriruralization tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems. The question how Afriruralization can influence its realisation in countries like Nigeria require urgent interrogation. In interrogating François Perroux’s growth poles theory, this work presents arguments in support of the proposition that Afriruralization is an inevitable component of the development process, through diversification which necessarily could result in propitious stimulus. This wave of analysis could bring about what we termed glocal afriruralization theory. With value-laden policies, this process can occur at a socially acceptable level. However, given the distortion of opportunities in favour of cities in most developing countries, Nigeria not excluded, the costs of livelihood associated with urbanisation often offset the benefits, leading to disproportionate ruralisation. To this end, glocal Afriruralization theory which is back to baseruralisation is the option for reinventive, creative and resourceful diversification development culture needed for growth.
Consumption and adverse reaction reporting of herbal medicines among people living with HIV at University teaching hospitals in Blantyre, Malawi and Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Mponda John Samson , Muula Adamson Sinjani , Choko Augustine , Ajuwon Ademola Johnson , Moody Jones Olanrewaju
Published: March 2024

Background Consumption of herbal medicines among people living with HIV is a common practice in Sub-Saharan Africa. The utilization of herbal medicines was at 17.5% and 67.9% in Malawi and Nigeria, respectively. There is inadequate data on use and adverse reactions (ADRs) reporting of herbal medicines among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This study was designed to investigate use and ADRs reporting of herbal medicines among PLWHIV at the University Teaching Hospitals in Blantyre, Malawi and Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 360 and 370 participants in Blantyre and Ibadan respectively, through face-to-face interviews after obtaining their informed consent. Results The prevalence of herbal medicines use among PLWHIV in Malawi and Nigeria was at 80.6% and 55.7% (p<0.001), respectively. The most frequently used herbal medicines in Malawi were Aloe vera (14.0%), Moringa oleifera (14.0%), Zingiber officinale (13.0%) and Allium sativum (7.0%). Likewise, in Nigeria, the most commonly used herbal medicines were Zingiber officinale (15.0%), Vernonia amygdalina (14.0%), Moringa oleifera (9.0%), and Allium sativum (11.0%). The major reason for herbal medicines’ use in Malawi was ready availability (42.1%) and perception that it boosts immunity (44.6%) in Nigeria. The PLWHIV reported experiencing suspected herbal medicine ADRs in Malawi (3.9%) and in Nigeria (8.0%).Conclusion A higher percentage of people living with HIV are using herbal medicines in Malawi as well as in Nigeria. In both countries, a few participants reported experiencing suspected ADRs related to herbal medicines.
Comparison of two different Nasal Interfaces used in Non-Invasive Respiratory support in terms of Neonate comfort
Authors: Deveci Mehmet Fatih , Dag Yeliz Suna , Alagoz Meral , Yasar Seyma , Yayan Emriye Hilal , Gokce Ismail Kursad , Ozdemir Ramazan
Published: March 2024

Background Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) is the first choice approach in neonates with sufficient respiratory effort that require respiratory support. The type of nasal interface used in NIV affects both efficacy and patient comfort. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different nasal interfaces used in NIV support on neonatal patient comfort.MethodsOur study evaluated patients who received NIV support for 24 hours. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of nasal interface used, which were RAM cannula and short binasal prong (SBP). The patients’ demographic and clinical data were noted. Their sleep was monitored for 24 hours with an actigraphy device.ResultsA total of 82 patients were evaluated. The sleep efficiency in the RAM cannula group was significantly higher (respectively, 65.7% [10.22-95.25] vs. 57.81% [2.49-77], p=0.004). Although not statistically significant, the neonates in the RAM cannula group exhibited longer total sleep time (respectively, 10.4 ± 4.28 hours vs. 9.02 ± 3.73 hours, p=0.161). Comparison of heart rates and respiratory rates indicate that the patients in the RAM cannula group were more comfortable.Conclusions Our study found that infants who received NIV support through a RAM cannula experienced more efficient sleep. Holistic approaches in neonatal intensive care units are vital for better neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns. Although non-invasive, the interface used in NIV should also be a part of this holistic approach.
Effect of Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Performance: A Study of Nigeria Police Force
Authors: Louis Uzor Nnenna , Eunice Adegbola , Jacob Alabi , Nnenna Chukwuma , Abdullahi Araga
Published: March 2024

The study examined the Effect of Motivation strategies on Job satisfaction and performance: A Study of Nigeria Police Force. Data were elicited using questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The responses were analysed using both simple and multiple linear regressions. Findings revealed that the promotion strategy has a significant impact on motivation and performance, while  the other two variables (police training and retraining strategy, and donation of operational vehicles) do not show a statistically  significant relationship at the conventional alpha level of 0.05. Overall, the findings indicate that the promotion strategy has a stronger  influence on job satisfaction and performance in the Nigeria Police Force compared to the other strategies (training and re-training and  donation of operational vehicle) examined. Focus on enhancing and improving the promotion strategy within the Nigeria Police Force, as  it has shown to have a significant impact on motivation and performance. The study recommends that the management of NPF should  consider ways to make the promotion process transparent, fair, and rewarding for deserving officers. While police training and retraining  strategies and the donation of operational vehicles did not show a statistically significant relationship with job satisfaction and  performance, it is still important to continue investing in these areas to ensure that officers have the necessary skills and resources to  perform their duties effectively. Implement a holistic approach to improving motivation and performance by considering a combination  of strategies that address various aspects of officer well-being and job satisfaction, such as provision of effective operational vehicle,  worklife balance, leadership support, and career development opportunities.
Cultural and creative industries and theatre praxis in a digital epoch
Authors: Eseigbe Okhaifo Phillandar
Published: March 2024

Culture is closely related to civilization and all observable civilizations are derived from one form of culture to the other. The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) usually takes advantage of the vast cultural heritage of a given people as sources of inspiration for their artistic enterprise to thrive. At the heart of creativity in every pluralist society is culture. This is evident in countries like Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, among others, where the cultural market offer muse for artists. This paper examines the ways through which the creative industry can tap from the rich resources inherent in the cultural market. It uses the Concept of Cultural and Creative Industries as a theoretical anchor to argue that the CCIs are valuable assets capable of instituting development ethos which can move a state from nationhood to civilization. The study gets its data from the instrumentality of documentary observation a la desk review of books, journals and other bibliotheca. It concludes that the theatre possess the innate ability to make Nigeria relevant in terms of soft power diplomacy in world politics and development.
Making theatre in digital spaces: The imperative of Ijov Mbakuv on social media platforms
Authors: Fanyam Joel Avaungwa , Abugh Bem Alfred
Published: March 2024

The evolution of digital technology has affected traditional theatre practice in Tiv society just like it has done in many other African  societies. Contemporary developments in theatre have marked differences from the theatre of the past due to massive revolution being witnessed in theatre practice. This is based on the changing phases of human development orchestrated by the advancement in digital  and information technology around the globe. Notwithstanding is the hybridization of cultures which has brought about far reaching changing norms and forms in traditional performances of all kinds. The introduction of social media and its various platforms to society  has transported traditional theatre from the local mode into a digital media which closes the barrier of distance and increases its visibility  to a larger audience. Despite some limitations, the prospects are extensive. This paper considers the Tiv Ijov Mbakuv  performance from its conduct in the local mode and its transmission to digital platforms on social media. The finding is that, Tiv Ijov  Mbakuv performance in the digital media is not a counter-theatre but a theatre that has taken advantage of technological advancement and yet, maintaining the elements of its origin and opening the culture of a people for wider access and appreciation by varied  audiences. Therefore, the paper notes that, theatre is part of society, the ever-changing nature of society also demands for changes in  theatre forms so as to meet up with the yearnings and privileges of a new society. Ijov Mbakuv performance in the digital media is a  response to new social demands.