bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Simplification of Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Gopal T. V.
Published: March 2019

Human beings are always attracted to patterns, designs, and shapes. Even infants are attracted to the geometry around them. Angles, shapes, lines, line segments, curves, and other aspects of geometry are ubiquitous. Even the letters are constructed of lines, line segments, and curves. Nature also has an abundance of geometry. Patterns can be found on leaves, in flowers, in seashells, and many other places. Even the human bodies consist of patterns, curves, and line segments. Therefore, like many professions, the cyber-physical systems also require at least a foundational understanding of geometry. This chapter elucidates the use of geometry to simplify the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems to enhance the efficiency in social applications. The knowledge learned through the understanding of geometric principles provides not only an increase in safety but also an increase in the creation of tools, skill level enhancement, and aesthetically pleasing arrangements.
Photoplethysmographic Sensors in Automatized Diagnosis of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Gospodinov Mitko , Georgieva-Tsaneva Galya Nikolova , Gospodinova Evgeniya , Cheshmedzhiev Krasimir
Published: March 2019

The implementation of photoplethysmographic sensors in the data capture and data storage to analyze the cardiovascular condition of the patient is a new direction in automatized diagnosis of the cardiovascular system. This chapter contains a description of the use of photoplethysmographic sensors in a computerized patient cardiac monitoring system. The system consists of a portable device for collection of patient's cardiac data by applying photopletithysmographic method and software for mathematical analysis. An important diagnostic parameter that can be determined by the photoplethysmographic signal is the heart rate variability. The current application of the photoplethysmographic sensors in portable automatized system is of particular importance because the results of cardiac data analysis with these methods can provide not only detailed information about the cardiovascular status of the patients but also provide the opportunity to generate new knowledge about the diagnosis, and the prevention of pathology in cardiovascular diseases.
Towards the Real-Life EEG Applications
Authors: Ai Guangyi
Published: March 2019

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most popular approaches for brain monitoring in many research fields. While the detailed working flows for in-lab neuroscience-targeted EEG experiments conditions have been well established, carrying out EEG experiments under a real-life condition can be quite confusing because of various practical limitations. This chapter gives a brief overview of the practical issues and techniques that help real-life EEG experiments come into being, and the well-known artifact problems for EEG. As a guideline for performing a successful EEG data analysis with the low-electrode-density limitation of portable EEG devices, recently proposed techniques for artifact suppression or removal are briefly surveyed as well.
Learner Autonomy
Authors: Elmahjoub Abdallah , Lamb Terry
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores teachers' perceptions of learners' readiness to adopt autonomous roles and to develop their critical and analytical thinking. The chapter reports on an ethnographic study investigating teachers' views on whether the notions of learner autonomy and critical and analytical thinking can be developed in the Libyan cultural context. The reason behind this exploration is that Libyan culture is one of the Middle Eastern cultures in which some educationalists believe learner autonomy to be inappropriate. The study's findings suggest that notions of autonomy, critical and analytical thinking, and creativity can well be fostered in the context of this study.
Self-Directed Learning Strategies in Adult Educational Contexts
Authors: Aljafari Roaa
Published: March 2019

Self-directed learning is a teaching model where the learning content which is predetermined by the educator as well as the students tends to learn at their own pace to enable them to master the content provided. The features of self-directed learning may include individual autonomy, learner control, and autoindexing. In addition, self-directed learning has grown to become a generic training model for medicine, business, and adult education. Problem-based learning also tends to involve elements of self-directed instructions in its model. Self-directed learning also has evaluation tools that enable it to measure the impact of the self-directed learning on the students such as the ability for the students to perceive themselves as having the skills as well as attitudes required for successful learning.
Overview of Learning From Past to Present and Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Şentürk Cihad , Zeybek Gülçin
Published: March 2019

Because it was difficult to find information during the last century, it was significant to raise individuals who acquired, learned, and memorized it and had basic level skills. Currently in our world, memorizing information has lost its significance. Thanks to the technological developments, reaching the desired information has become extremely easy. Therefore, what is being expected from the individuals today is to question the accuracy of the information they reached, to produce new information from the one in hand, and to realize the change and transformation with the information they acquired by the help of self-directed learning skills. Nowadays, the changes occurring in technology and information every single day have made lifelong learning and in this direction self- directed learning important, which is one of the basic elements of it. The societies that bring up individuals who assume their own responsibility by seizing the transformation in education and execute the necessities of it have a voice around the world and direct the future.
Learning How to Clarify Complex Concepts for Children Through Naturalistic Inquiry
Authors: Farrelly William , Linse Caroline
Published: March 2019

The authors infer that pre-adolescents don't perform to their intellectual potential because they aren't taught how to think and research independently. Teaching to the curriculum has become a requirement, and this imposes restrictions on what can be achieved. The contention of this chapter is that a child can formulate effective thought independently through naturalistic inquiry. The question is posed: How do we teach a complex concept to a six-year-old child? The authors hypothesize an experiment thus: given an academic paper, is it possible to explain, without ambiguity, the essence of that paper to a child? The ideas encapsulated in this chapter can be extrapolated for returning adult learners and are particularly relevant to second language acquisition.
Japanese Voice-Rhythm Ensemble Practice by Using Gordon's Instructional Template (IT)
Authors: Sutani Shizuka , Gordon Richard Keith
Published: March 2019

The study describes a music teacher's experience teaching a voice-rhythm ensemble in a Japanese elementary school by utilizing Gordon's instructional template (IT). The IT is a seven-step template used to map a democratically based pedagogy. In this study, 32 (N=32) fifth graders were divided in four groups. The first lesson began with students listening to several musical selections that did not include any melodies. The students then sung a voice-rhythm ensemble called Yasainokimochi, which is constructed just by syllables without any melodies. Finally, small groups of students created and arranged an original voice-rhythm ensemble. During this lesson sequence, the teacher used Gordon's IT to facilitate student-teacher and peer discussions. As a part of the IT process, students and the teacher also reflected on the learning sequence and listened to one another in building the desired musical outcome. An underlying foundation of this classroom is to imbue in students the kyosei principles of understanding each other, leaving nobody out, and making friends.
Singing Together and Living Together
Authors: Shankman Nancy , Shankman Ira , Dante Laurence , Nakanishi Tohru , Sugiyama Shinsaku
Published: March 2019

When students of different cultures come together to learn and make music, a special bond is created, and a sense of community is established. Music is a universal language that unites people of all cultures. From March 9-17, 2018, two choirs from New York University, the Modern Madrigals and the Jazz Choir, joined students from Shujitsu University in Okayama, Japan to exchange ideas and make connections through music. The chapter illustrates how the students of NYU and Shujitsu University achieved kyosei goal by sharing the experience of singing.
Music Composition and Kyosei
Authors: Kaschub Michele Ellen
Published: March 2019

The spirit of cooperation central to kyosei is a critical component in the creative corners of American music education. This chapter will describe a project that involved the creation of a hybrid space where a music teacher-educator and practitioner worked with pre-service teachers and middle school students to explore teaching and learning music composition. By recasting who is considered an expert, rethinking institutional boundaries, and immersing in project-based learning on multiple levels, teacher education programs and schools can better identify their challenges and explore possible solutions. Though not part of initial program planning, the principles of kyosei were evidenced in the evolution of complex understandings developed prior to and throughout the project, in the inclusive nature of project-based learning by pre-service teachers and music students, and in the professional relationships—and, ultimately, the friendships—that emerged as the teaching-learning community matured.
General Framework for Counter-Terrorism and Extremism Strategy
Authors: Nasereddin Yacoub Adel
Published: March 2019

The Arab world has suffered a great deal from different types and forms of terrorism and extremism, which has not only resulted in major life losses, injuries, economic disturbances, and damage to the infrastructure, but also has posed a major threat to both the state and citizens. This chapter presents a general framework for counter-terrorism and extremism strategy that can be used as a guide to adopt effective strategies to counter-terrorism and extremism in the Arab world. In its first three parts, the chapter covers the conceptual basis and theoretical underpinnings of the study, and in part four, it elaborates on the issues and challenges associated with the practical implementation of the counter-terrorism and extremism in the Arab world. The chapter is concluded with recommendations and suggested solutions to ensure the effectiveness of the adopted strategy to counter-terrorism and extremism.
Strategic Planning in Higher Education in the Arab World
Authors: Al-Kilani Bashaer Mohamed
Published: March 2019

This chapter aims to deliberate the strategic planning in higher education as a critical factor in the success of transforming the quality of higher education in the Arab world. With Arab universities still lagging behind in the world's top 200 universities, according to both Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) and Times Higher Education (THE) world university rankings for the year 2018, it is momentous to investigate the causes and tackle the issues prompting Arab universities to not fulfill their role as hubs that transform nations. The chapter starts off by reviewing the status quo of higher education in the Arab world and Arab nations' aspirations for the higher education sector; it then proceeds to review research on the critical role of strategic planning in the higher education sector around the world and the obstacles hindering its effective implementation. The chapter then addresses the gap between the current strategic planning practices in higher education institutions in the Arab world and the effective practices that should be adopted to overcome the challenges confronting this sector.
Assessing Social Media Use in Instruction and Marketing
Authors: Joe Jennifer Ashley Wright
Published: March 2019

Assessment is increasingly important for libraries to address, as it speaks to justification for funding and support from the larger university. Many university budget models now require departments and colleges to be self-funding, whereas the library does not have traditional revenue sources. Statistics, including retention impact, encourage faculty and staff to promote library use to their students and encourage departments and colleges to support funding the library. This chapter explores best practices for assessing social media use in the context of instruction and marketing. It outlines the reasons for implementing an assessment plan as well as the steps necessary to successfully assess social media use, starting with outlining the specific goals for social media use, all the way through review and modification of the social media plan.
Is Anybody Out There?
Authors: Tidal Junior
Published: March 2019

This chapter will explore how social media assessment is used for library marketing. It will build upon existing literature on how other libraries quantify social media impact in promoting their services. This includes methods on how libraries can gather native application statistics from popular platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. An exploration into web analytics will also be explored as evidence of social media impact. The chapter will use case-studies of the Ursula C. Schwerin Library of the New York City College of Technology (City Tech), CUNY, and how social media platforms are used to advertise library events and disseminate news.
Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Black Shelly
Published: March 2019

The academic library profession has discussed the importance of diversity and inclusion, but has yet to explore their intersection with social media marketing. Given changing demographics and an increase in activism on college campuses, libraries must produce social media content that resonates with underrepresented groups. This chapter introduces strategies for effectively incorporating diversity and inclusion into social media and advice on avoiding mistakes. The author examines social media use at her library and lessons learned from a campaign that received criticism. The chapter concludes with challenges to practicing diversity in social media, including recruiting diverse staff and discrimination that emerges from new social media technologies.
“Is There Anybody There?”
Authors: Clough Helen , Foley Karen
Published: March 2019

The Open University (UK) Library supports its distance-learning students with interactive, real-time events on social media. In this chapter the authors take a case study approach and concentrate on the examples of Facebook and Livestream to illustrate how live engagement events on social media have helped to build communities of learners in spaces they already occupy, raise the visibility of the library's services and resources with staff and students, and foster collaboration with other departments, while also being effective mechanisms for instruction. The chapter concludes with the library's plans for the future and recommendations for other academic libraries wishing to run live engagement events on social media.
What's Old Is Marketable
Authors: Rupinski Leigh
Published: March 2019

This chapter will provide direction to special collections and archives looking to craft a social media strategy by including steps to guide archivists and librarians through the planning process. It will provide an adaptable approach to engaging special collections and archives' audiences with the unique treasures in the collection holdings and in initiating conversations about the opportunities and challenges associated with social media at their respective institutions. This chapter will also assist archivists and librarians in creating a practical framework to make informed decisions for their social media accounts, in crafting goals that advance their organizational mission and values, and in making social media outreach sustainable by considering questions of purpose, audience, platform, messaging, tone, content, and assessment.
Expanding the Awareness and Use of Library Collections Through Social Media
Authors: Hoh Anchi
Published: March 2019

The Library of Congress houses more than 164 million items in various formats, languages, and subjects. Found among its treasures are the international collections. The Library's four area studies divisions—African and Middle Eastern (AMED), Asian, European, and Hispanic—reading rooms provide access to many of these resources. In 2016, the four area studies divisions launched a collaborative social media program to encourage the use of the library's international collections by domestic and global online audiences. The program adopted the 4 Corners of the World blog and the Library of Congress International Collections Facebook page as interactive social media tools. This chapter will examine the interdivisional initiative through its purpose, target audience, content focus, platform selection, management and operation, audience interaction, and current status. Next, the chapter will discuss challenges and opportunities facing the four divisions. Finally, the chapter will offer recommendations for other libraries that are interested in establishing a similar program.
Social Media Use in Academic Libraries
Authors: Ifijeh Goodluck , Ilogho Julie , Iwu-James Juliana , Michael-Onuoha Happiness Chijioke , Osinulu Ifeakachuku
Published: March 2019

Social media use has become the norm in information services delivery. It holds the unique advantage of delivering service to users through social interaction. This chapter discussed social media use in academic libraries in a developing country: Nigeria. It examined the concept and definition of social media; it also discussed trends in social media usage in libraries. The chapter further outlined the types of social media tools used in libraries. It discussed the peculiar challenges of social media use in Nigeria and proffered solutions.
No Budget, No Barriers
Authors: Kretz Chris , Blydenburgh William
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides a roadmap for Twitter use by academic libraries at a branch, remote, or satellite campus. These smaller libraries, operating at a distance from the center of their institution, often face challenges relating to their budget, resources, and status. The use of Twitter can empower a branch to serve their unique populations more effectively, promote engagement within the local community, and establish a presence for the branch within the institution. The authors provide strategies and suggestions for managing Twitter based upon their own experiences while managing the Southampton Campus Library of Stony Brook University Twitter account.
Enterprise Security Framework for Enterprise Cloud Data Centres
Authors: Ramachandran Muthu
Published: March 2019

Enterprise security is the key to achieve global information security in business and organisations. Enterprise Cloud computing is a new paradigm for that enterprise where businesses need to be secured. However, this new trend needs to be more systematic with respect to Enterprise Cloud security. This chapter has developed a framework for enterprise security to analyze and model Enterprise Cloud organisational security of the Enterprise Cloud and its data. In particular, Enterprise Cloud data & Enterprise Cloud storage technologies (Amazon s3, Drop Box, Google Drive, etc.) have now become a normal practice for almost every computing user's. Therefore, building trust for Enterprise Cloud users should be the one of the main focuses of Enterprise Cloud computing research. This chapter has developed a framework for enterprises which comprises of two models of businesses: Enterprise Cloud provider enterprise model and Enterprise Cloud consumer enterprise model.
Enhanced Trust Path Between Two Entities in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Divakarla Usha , Chandrasekaran K.
Published: March 2019

Trust is the common factor of any network security. In cloud, trust is the major factor as this trust develops a relation between the user and resource of the service provider. To develop a strong trust there has to be a strong trust path between two entities. The model proposed builds a strong trust path between two important entities in cloud namely user and resources of the service provider. The trust path thus built strengthens the security of the resources as well as the authentication of the user. The implementation proved that trust model developed is more efficient in terms of computation time.
An Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Framework and Implementation
Authors: Masuda Yoshimasa , Shirasaka Seiko , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Hardjono Thomas
Published: March 2019

Considering the relation between Enterprise Architecture (EA) and IT is a prerequisite when promoting the uptake of IT by societies. In this paper, the authors propose an “Adaptive Integrated EA framework,” based on the results of a survey, to support the strategy of promoting cloud/mobile IT. They considered a unique advanced case and provide details and the structure/mechanism of building this EA framework in a global pharmaceutical company. Moreover, the authors revealed the effectiveness of the proposed EA framework by evaluating/analyzing the problems caused by the rapid shift to cloud/mobile IT in divisions in the US and Europe. Furthermore, they compared the characteristics of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) and the “Adaptive Integrated EA framework” (global deployment) in building EA frameworks while evaluating the effectiveness of this framework to achieve digital transformation. Finally, the authors clarify the challenges, benefits, and critical success factors of the framework to assist EA practitioners with its implementation.
A Novel Multi-Secret Sharing Approach for Secure Data Warehousing and On-Line Analysis Processing in the Cloud
Authors: Attasena Varunya , Harbi Nouria , Darmont Jérôme
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing helps reduce costs, increase business agility and deploy solutions with a high return on investment for many types of applications, including data warehouses and on-line analytical processing. However, storing and transferring sensitive data into the cloud raises legitimate security concerns. In this paper, the authors propose a new multi-secret sharing approach for deploying data warehouses in the cloud and allowing on-line analysis processing, while enforcing data privacy, integrity and availability. The authors first validate the relevance of their approach theoretically and then experimentally with both a simple random dataset and the Star Schema Benchmark. The authors also demonstrate its superiority to related methods.
A Secured Real Time Scheduling Model for Cloud Hypervisor
Authors: Kashyap Rekha , Vidyarthi Deo Prakash
Published: March 2019

Virtualization is critical to cloud computing and is possible through hypervisors, which maps the Virtual machines((VMs) to physical resources but poses security concerns as users relinquish physical possession of their computation and data. Good amount of research is initiated for resource provisioning on hypervisors, still many issues need to be addressed for security demanding and real time VMs. First work SRT-CreditScheduler (Secured and Real-time), maximizes the success rate by dynamically prioritizing the urgency and the workload of VMs but ensures highest security for all. Another work, SA-RT-CreditScheduler (Security-aware and Real-time) is a dual objective scheduler, which maximizes the success rate of VMs in best possible security range as specified by the VM owner. Though the algorithms can be used by any hypervisor, for the current work they have been implemented on Xen hypervisor. Their effectiveness is validated by comparing it with Xen's, Credit and SEDF scheduler, for security demanding tasks with stringent deadline constraints.
Security in Ad Hoc Network and Computing Paradigms
Authors: Saini Poonam , Singh Awadhesh Kumar
Published: March 2019

Resource sharing is the most attractive feature of distributed computing. Information is also a kind of resource. The portable computing devices and wireless networks are playing a dominant role in enhancing the information sharing and thus in the advent of many new variants of distributed computing viz. ubiquitous, grid, cloud, pervasive and mobile. However, the open and distributed nature of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and cloud computing systems, pose a threat to information that may be coupled from one user (or program) to another. The chapter illustrates the general characteristics of ad hoc networks and computing models that make obligatory to design secure protocols in such environments. Further, we present a generic classification of various threats and attacks. In the end, we describe the security in MANETs, VANETs and cloud computing. The chapter concludes with a description of tools that are popularly used to analyze and access the performance of various security protocols.
A Proactive Approach to Intrusion Detection in Cloud Software as a Service
Authors: Singh Baldev , Panda Surya Narayan
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing environment is very much malicious intrusion prone hence cloud security is very vital. Existing network security mechanisms face new challenges in the cloud such as DDOS attacks, virtual machine intrusion attacks and malicious user activities. This chapter includes brief introduction about cloud computing, concept of virtualization, cloud security, various DDOS attacks, tools to run these attacks & various techniques to detect these attacks, review of threshold methods used for detection of DDOS attacks & abnormal network behavior and proposed dynamic threshold based algorithmic approach. Although various cloud security measures are prevailing to avoid virtual machine attacks and malicious user activities but these are not foolproof. Hence, new security methods are required to increase users' level of trust in clouds. By scrubbing traffic at major Internet points and backbone connection, a defense line is created for mitigation of DDOS attacks. Dynamic threshold algorithm based approach is proposed as a proactive approach to detect DDOS attacks for achieving secure cloud environment.
Glorified Secure Search Schema Over Encrypted Secure Cloud Storage With a Hierarchical Clustering Computation
Authors: Shinde Shweta Annasaheb , Sevugan Prabu
Published: March 2019

This chapter improves the SE scheme to grasp these contest difficulties. In the development, prototypical, hierarchical clustering technique is intended to lead additional search semantics with a supplementary feature of making the scheme to deal with the claim for reckless cipher text search in big-scale surroundings, such situations where there is a huge amount of data. Least relevance of threshold is considered for clustering the cloud document with hierarchical approach, and it divides the clusters into sub-clusters until the last cluster is reached. This method may affect the linear computational complexity versus the exponential growth of group of documents. To authenticate the validity for search, minimum hash sub tree is also implemented. This chapter focuses on fetching of cloud data of a subcontracted encrypted information deprived of loss of idea and of security and privacy by transmission attribute key to the information. In the next level, the typical is improved with a multilevel conviction privacy preserving scheme.
Access Control Framework for Cloud Computing
Authors: Munir Kashif , Mohammed Lawan A.
Published: March 2019

Access control is generally a rule or procedure that allows, denies, restricts or limit access to system's resources. It may, as well, monitor and record all attempts made to access a system. Access Control may also identify users attempting to access unauthorized resources. It is a mechanism which is very much important for protection in computer security. Various access control models are in use, including the most common Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Role Based Access Control (RBAC). All these models are known as identity based access control models. In all these access control models, user (subjects) and resources (objects) are identified by unique names. Identification may be done directly or through roles assigned to the subjects. These access control methods are effective in unchangeable distributed system, where there are only a set of Users with a known set of services. For this reason, we propose a framework which is well suited to many situations in cloud computing where users or applications can be clearly separated according to their job functions. In this chapter, we proposes a role based access control framework with various features including security of sensitive data, authorization policy and secure data from hackers. Our proposed role based access control algorithm provides tailored and fine level of user access control services without adding complexity, and supports access privileges updates dynamically when a user's role is added or updated.
Securely Communicating With an Optimal Cloud for Intelligently Enhancing a Cloud's Elasticity
Authors: Kirthica S. , Sridhar Rajeswari
Published: March 2019

One of the principle features on which cloud environments operate is the scaling up and down of resources based on users' needs, called elasticity. This feature is limited to the cloud's physical resources. This article proposes to enhance the elasticity of a cloud in an intelligent manner by communicating with an optimal external cloud (EC) and borrowing additional resources from it when the cloud runs out of resources. This inter-cloud communication is secured by a model whose structure is similar to the Kerberos protocol. To choose the optimal EC for a particular request of a user, a list of parameters, collectively termed as RePVoCRaD, are enumerated. Once chosen, trust is established with the chosen EC and inter-cloud communication begins. While existing works deal with third parties to establish or secure inter-cloud communication, this work is novel in that there is absence of third parties in the entire process, thereby reducing security threats and additional costs involved. Evaluating this work based on turnaround time and transaction success rate, in a real-time cloud environment, it is seen that the cloud's elasticity is so enhanced that it successfully accommodates its users' additional demands by the fastest means possible.
Analyzing Virtualization Vulnerabilities and Design a Secure Cloud Environment to Prevent From XSS Attack
Authors: Nagar Nitin , Suman Ugrasen
Published: March 2019

Cloud virtualization has created an enormous impact on IT and networking worlds. A cloud environment is built on virtualization technology. Virtualization and its exclusive architecture have numerous features and advantages over non-conventional virtual machines. However, these new uniqueness create new vulnerabilities and attacks on a virtualization based cloud system. Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is among the top cloud vulnerabilities, according to recent studies. This exposure occurs when a user uses the input from a cloud environment application without properly looking into them. This allows an attacker to execute malicious scripts in cloud. The scripts execute harmful actions when a user visits the exploited cloud. Current approaches to mitigate this problem, especially on effective detection of XSS vulnerabilities in the application or prevention of real-time XSS attacks. To address this problem, the survey of different vulnerability attacks on cloud virtualization performed and also presents a concept for the removal of XSS vulnerabilities to secure the cloud environment.
Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Architecture in Cloud Data Management
Authors: AlZain Mohammed A. , Li Alice S. , Soh Ben , Masud Mehedi
Published: March 2019

One of the main challenges in cloud computing is to build a healthy and efficient storage for securely managing and preserving data. This means a cloud service provider needs to make sure that its clients' outsourced data are stored securely and, data queries and retrievals are executed correctly and privately. On the other hand, it may also mean businesses are willing to outsource their data to a third party only if they trust their data are not accessible and visible to the service provider and other non-authorized parties. However, one of the major obstacles faced here for ensuring data reliability and security is Byzantine faults. While Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) has received growing attention from the academic research community, the research done is generally from the distributed computing point of view, and hence finds little practical use in cloud computing. To that end, the focus of this paper is to discuss how these faults can be tolerated with the authors' proposed conceptualization of Byzantine data faults and fault-tolerant architecture in cloud data management.
Cloud Computing and Cybersecurity Issues Facing Local Enterprises
Authors: Erturk Emre
Published: March 2019

This chapter sets out to explore new trends in cyber and cloud security, and their implications for businesses. First, the terminology and assumptions related to cloud computing are stated. Next, the chapter reports on contemporary research around the awareness of security issues, and the security processes within the cloud computing realm. Cyber security poses a different challenge to local small and medium sized organizations, which may seem to have less at stake financially. However, they are more vulnerable, due to fewer resources dedicated toward prevention. A series of serious security incidents may even keep them out of business. Furthermore, security needs to be understood and handled differently in a cloud based environment. Therefore, the chapter identifies unique security practices and recommendations for these businesses to run their IT resources safely in the cloud.
A Randomized Cloud Library Security Environment
Authors: Krishna A. V. N.
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is leading the technology development of today's communication scenario. This is because of its cost-efficiency and flexibility. In Cloud computing vast amounts of data are stored in varied and distributed environments, and security to data is of prime concern. RSA or Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) provides a secure means of message transmission among communicating hosts using Diffie Hellman Key Exchange algorithm or ElGamal algorithm. By having key lengths of 160 bits, the ECC algorithm provides sufficient strength against crypto analysis and its performance can be compared with standard algorithms like RSA with a bit length of 1024 bits. In the present work, the plain text is converted to cipher text using RSA or ECC algorithms. As the proposed model is intended to be used in Cloud environment, a probabilistic mathematical model is also used. While the data is being retrieved from the servers, a query is being used which uses the mathematical model to search for the data which is still in encryption form. Final decryption takes place only at user's site by using the private keys. Thus the security model provides the fundamental security services like Authentication, Security, and Confidentiality to the transmitted message and also provides sufficient strength against crypto analysis in Cloud environment.
Digital Forensics in Distributed Environment
Authors: Joseph Asha , Singh K. John
Published: March 2019

This chapter is about an ongoing implementation of a digital forensic framework that could be used with standalone systems as well as in distributed environments, including cloud systems. It is oriented towards combining concepts of cyber forensics and security frameworks in operating systems. The framework consists of kernel mechanisms for data and event monitoring. The system monitoring is done in kernel mode by various kernel modules and forensic model mapping is done in user mode using the data collected by those kernel modules. Further, the authors propose a crime model mapping mechanism that makes use of rule sets that are derived from common cyber/digital crime patterns. The decision-making algorithm can be easily extended from a node in a computing cluster, to a cloud. The authors discuss the challenges to digital forensics in distributed environment and cloud extensions and provide some case studies where the proposed framework is applied.
Mobile Cloud Gaming and Today's World
Authors: Butt Hallah Shahid , Jalil Sadaf , Umair Sajid , Khan Safdar Abbas
Published: March 2019

Mobile cloud computing is the emerging field. Along-with different services being provided by the cloud like Platform as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service, Software as a Service; Game as a Service is new terminology for the cloud services. In this paper, we generally discussed the concept of mobile cloud gaming, the companies that provide the services as GaaS, the generic architecture, and the research work that has been done in this field. Furthermore, we highlighted the research areas in this field.
Awareness of Sustainability, Green IT, and Cloud Computing in Indian Organisations
Authors: Issa Tomayess , Tolani Girish , Chang Vanessa , Issa Theodora
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines the level of awareness that organizations in India have of the concepts, strengths and benefits of sustainability, green IT and cloud computing. Very few research papers have examined the sustainability, green IT awareness and cloud computing issues in India, and it has become necessary to ascertain just where Indian organizations stand when it comes to these concerns. Before determining whether these organisations are progressing towards sustainability, green IT and cloud computing, it is first necessary to determine whether, and to what extent, they are aware of these concepts. This research is to obtain answers, which hopefully will be a first step in a shift towards sustainability and green IT, via an online survey. Seventy-five respondents from public and private Indian organizations participated in this survey and confirmed that cloud computing is efficient, flexible and easy to maintain, although security and privacy are major concerns for Indian organizations.
A Cloud-Based Architecture for Interactive E-Training
Authors: Samra Halima E. , Li Alice S. , Soh Ben , AlZain Mohammed A.
Published: March 2019

Cloud-based technologies play a significant role in the technology-enhanced learning domain. The adoption of cloud technologies in the educational environment has a positive impact on the learning process by offering new tools and services to improve and support the learning life cycle, including interactivity. In specific fields, such as clinical skills training, that involve computer-intensive training scenarios, there is an increased demand to deliver training services to a larger number of learners, therefore the need for cloud services. However, to date there has been a lack of a formalized framework relating to the use of cloud computing for on-demand interactive e-training resources. This paper is to formalize a theoretical framework for an interactive e-training system particularly for clinical skills training, taking into consideration e-training system requirements and with a focus on applying cloud technologies to ensure the dynamic scalability of services and computing power while maintaining QoS and security
Necessity of Key Aggregation Cryptosystem for Data Sharing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Rebekah R. Deepthi Crestose , Cheelu Dhanaraj , Babu M. Rajasekhara
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is one of the most exciting technologies due to its ability to increase flexibility and scalability for computer processes, while reducing cost associated with computing. It is important to share the data securely, efficiently, and flexibly in cloud storage. Existing data protection mechanisms such as symmetric encryption techniques are unsuccessful in preventing data sharing securely. This article suggests Key aggregate cryptosystem which produce constant size ciphertexts in order to delegate decryption rights for any set of ciphertexts. The uniqueness is that one can aggregate any number of secret keys and make them as compact as a single key. This compact aggregate key can be easily sent to others with very limited secure storage.
The Role of Service Recovery in Online Privacy Violation
Authors: Hazarika Bidyut B , Gerlach James , Cunningham Lawrence F.
Published: March 2019

In this study, the authors address the question of whether firms may successfully pursue service recovery strategies after severe online privacy violations. The study treats online privacy violations as a service failure and uses justice theory to measure repurchasing intention after consumer complaints in three different scenarios. The three scenarios differ in the sense that the accountability and the outcome of the service failure are different. The results indicate that despite the different instances of online privacy violation in each scenario, the service recovery efforts consistently created satisfaction with service recovery, significantly increased consumer trust, decreased perceived risk and increased repurchase intentions. The study finds that that both distributive and procedural justice plays an important role in online service recovery while interactional justice did not have any impact. Finally, even in cases of severe online privacy violation service recovery plays an important role generating repurchase intentions.
A Cloud Based Solution for Collaborative and Secure Sharing of Medical Data
Authors: Marwan Mbarek , Kartit Ali , Ouahmane Hassan
Published: March 2019

Healthcare sector is under pressure to reduce costs while delivering high quality of care services. This situation requires that clinical staff, equipment and IT tools to be used more equitably, judiciously and efficiently. In this sense, collaborative systems have the ability to provide opportunities for healthcare organizations to share resources and create a collaborative working environment. The lack of interoperability between dissimilar systems and operating costs are the major obstacle to the implementation of this concept. Fortunately, cloud computing has great potential for addressing interoperability issues and significantly reducing operating costs. Since the laws and regulations prohibit the disclosure of health information, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive study on security and privacy issues in cloud computing. Based on their analysis of these constraints, the authors propose a simple and efficient method that enables secure collaboration between healthcare institutions. For this reason, they propose Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) protocols to ensure compliance with data protection legislation. Specifically, the authors use Paillier scheme to protect medical data against unauthorized usage when outsourcing computations to a public cloud. Another useful feature of this algorithm is the possibility to perform arithmetic operations over encrypted data without access to the original data. In fact, the Paillier algorithm is an efficient homomorphic encryption that supports addition operations on ciphertexts. Based on the simulation results, the proposed framework helps healthcare organizations to successfully evaluate a public function directly on encrypted data without revealing their private inputs. Consequently, the proposed collaborative application ensures privacy of medical data while completing a task.
Security and Privacy Issues of Big Data
Authors: Moura José , Serrão Carlos
Published: March 2019

This chapter revises the most important aspects in how computing infrastructures should be configured and intelligently managed to fulfill the most notably security aspects required by Big Data applications. One of them is privacy. It is a pertinent aspect to be addressed because users share more and more personal data and content through their devices and computers to social networks and public clouds. So, a secure framework to social networks is a very hot topic research. This last topic is addressed in one of the two sections of the current chapter with case studies. In addition, the traditional mechanisms to support security such as firewalls and demilitarized zones are not suitable to be applied in computing systems to support Big Data. SDN is an emergent management solution that could become a convenient mechanism to implement security in Big Data systems, as we show through a second case study at the end of the chapter. This also discusses current relevant work and identifies open issues.
Meeting Compliance Requirements While Using Cloud Services
Authors: Srinivasan S.
Published: March 2019

Compliance with government and industry regulations is an essential part of conducting business in several sectors. Many of the requirements revolve around financial, privacy, or security aspects. Most of the requirements are due to federal regulations in USA while some are industry requirements that are applicable globally. Even some of the federal regulations in USA apply to service providers abroad when they are providing service to entities in USA. In that sense, all of the compliance requirements discussed here apply to a global audience. In this chapter, the authors discuss in detail the scope of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Federal Information Security Management Act, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Payment Card Industry Requirements, and the Statement on Auditing Standards 70. These compliance requirements concern protecting the customer data stored in the cloud with respect to confidentiality and integrity. Several of these requirements have significant enforcement powers associated with them, and businesses need to take these requirements seriously and comply. The compliance aspect involves gathering and reporting appropriate information on a regular basis. The authors present details on all these aspects in this chapter.
Investigating the Determinants of Decision-Making on Adoption of Public Cloud Computing in E-Government
Authors: Wu Juhua , Ding Fang , Xu Meng , Mo Zan , Jin Anran
Published: March 2019

This article analyzed decision-making in terms of the adoption of public cloud computing and its determinants in the context of e-government. The authors proposed a theoretical model and related hypotheses after reviewing the literature and combining technology adoption theory with IT decision-making authority theory. Then, they collected samples from 227 public sectors and tested hypotheses using structural equation modeling. The results show that the determinants of the three modes (IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS) of decision-making on adoption are different. The significant determinants of IaaS adoption include technical factors and business factors, those of PaaS adoption include technical factors and management factors, whereas those of SaaS include technical factors, business factors and management factors. The authors also find managerial/controlling power, which characterizes the special nature of Chinese culture, only have a significant influence on the decision-making on adoption of PaaS mode and SaaS mode.
Multi-Aspect DDOS Detection System for Securing Cloud Network
Authors: Shamsolmoali Pourya , Zareapoor Masoumeh , Alam M.Afshar
Published: March 2019

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become a serious attack for internet security and Cloud Computing environment. This kind of attacks is the most complex form of DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. This type of attack can simply duplicate its source address, such as spoofing attack, which defending methods do not able to disguises the real location of the attack. Therefore, DDoS attack is the most significant challenge for network. In this chapter we present different aspect of security in Cloud Computing, mostly we concentrated on DDOS Attacks. The Authors illustrated all types of Dos Attacks and discussed the most effective detection methods.