bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direitos Humanos e o sistema penitenciário no Brasil
Authors: Rex Danielson Felipe
Published: February 2024

The present course conclusion paper analyzes human rights and the relationship with the Brazilian prison system. Thus, it briefl y addresses the history of human rights and the types of penalties that are appropriate in the current legal system. He briefl y discusses the penalty of imprisonment, which can be fulfi lled in the closed, semi-open and open regimes, as well as on the purpose of the sentence and its theories, which are: absolute, preventive, and mixed. It analyzes the precarious situation in which Brazilian prisons are located and the lack of investments by the State. Moreover, it insduces about the inhuman conditions that the apenados live together, the not fulfi lling the resocialized role and a probable solution to this. Finally, regarding the research method, this will be hypothetical deductive, which uses in its design the collection of data in bibliographic sources available in physical media and in the computer network, to build a critical refl ection on the present theme.
PENGARUH KONFLIK DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: . Heriyana , Alamsyah Rully , Erlina Neti
Published: February 2024

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konflik dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai pada kantor Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuesioner, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, koefisien korelasi dan uji hipotesis (uji t dan uji F). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis secara parsial variabel konflik (X1) menunjukkan nilai t hitung> t tabel (2,717> t tabel 1,983), maka Ho ditolak, artinya secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan antara konflik terhadap efektivitas kerja, Jadi dari kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial terdapat pengaruh antara konflik terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai pada kantor Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Sedangkan hasil pengujian hipotesis variabel lingkungan kerja (X2) menunjukkan nilai t hitung> t tabel (2,463> t tabel 1,983), m

aka H0 ditolak, artinya secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan lingkungan kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja. Jadi dari kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai pada kantor Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Kata Kunci : Konflik, Lingkungan Kerja, Efektivitas kerja
PENGARUH KEADILAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP INTENSI KELUAR PADA KARYAWAN DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI PADA PT. NUSANTARA CARD SEMESTA KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Laia Welisa , Lase Herlina , Elanda Yonci
Published: February 2024

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan: a) pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap niat keluar karyawan di PT Nusantara Card Semesta Kota Medan; b) pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap tingkat kepuasan kerja karyawan di PT Nusantara Card Semesta Kota Medan; c) pengaruh antara tingkat kepuasan kerja karyawan dan niat keluar karyawan di PT Nusantara Card Semesta Kota Medan; dan d) pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap keinginan karyawan untuk meninggalkan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keinginan karyawan untuk keluar secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh keadilan organisasional, yang diperkuat oleh pernyataan thitung > ttabel (5,845 > 1,679). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keadilan organisasional memiliki pengaruh sekitar 19,080% terhadap kepuasan kerja dan pengaruh sekitar 58,45% terhadap intensi keluar karyawan. Faktor keadilan organisasional memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap tingkat kepuasan kerja, yang dibuktikan dengan nilai thitung > ttabel (13,444 > 1,679). Dari grafik tersebut, terlihat bahwa tingkat kepuasan kerja dipengaruhi oleh keadilan organisasional sekitar 13,4%, sementara intensi keluar karyawan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepuasan kerja (thitung 4,689 > 1,679). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa di PT Nusantara Card Semesta Kota Medan, kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh sekitar 46,89% terhadap intensi keluar karyawan, keadilan organisasi memiliki pengaruh sekitar 79,6%, dan sisanya sekitar 20,4% dijelaskan diluar penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: Keadilan Organisasi, Intensi Keluar, Kepuasan Kerja, Mediasi
Spatial biases reduce the ability of Earth system models to simulate soil heterotrophic respiration fluxes
Authors: Guenet Bertrand , Orliac Jérémie , Cécillon Lauric , Torres Olivier , Sereni Laura , Martin Philip A. , Barré Pierre , Bopp Laurent
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Heterotrophic respiration (Rh) is, at a global scale, one of the largest CO2 fluxes between the Earth's surface and atmosphere and may increase in the future. The previous generation of Earth system models (ESMs) was able to reproduce global fluxes relatively well, but at that, time no gridded products were available to perform an in-depth evaluation. The capacity of the new generation of ESMs used within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to reproduce this flux has not been evaluated, meaning that the realism of resulting CO2 flux estimates is unclear. In this study, we combine recently released observational data on Rh and ESM simulations to evaluate the ability of 13 ESMs from CMIP6 to reproduce Rh. Only 4 of the 13 tested ESMs were able to reproduce the total Rh flux, but spatial analysis underlined important bias compensation for most of the ESMs, which generally showed an overestimation in tropical regions and an underestimation in arid regions. To identify the main drivers of the bias, we performed an analysis of the residuals and found that mean annual precipitation was the most important driver explaining the difference between ESM simulations and observation-derived products of Rh, with a higher bias between ESM simulations and Rh products where precipitation was high. Based on our results, next-generation ESMs should focus on improving the response of Rh to soil moisture.
Central Arctic Ocean surface–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 constrained by direct measurements
Authors: Prytherch John , Murto Sonja , Brown Ian , Ulfsbo Adam , Thornton Brett F. , Brüchert Volker , Tjernström Michael , Hermansson Anna Lunde , Nylund Amanda T. , Holthusen Lina A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The central Arctic Ocean (CAO) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, but the current and future exchange of the climate-forcing trace gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the CAO and the atmosphere is highly uncertain. In particular, there are very few observations of near-surface gas concentrations or direct air–sea CO2 flux estimates and no previously reported direct air–sea CH4 flux estimates from the CAO. Furthermore, the effect of sea ice on the exchange is not well understood. We present direct measurements of the air–sea flux of CH4 and CO2, as well as air–snow fluxes of CO2 in the summertime CAO north of 82.5∘ N from the Synoptic Arctic Survey (SAS) expedition carried out on the Swedish icebreaker Oden in 2021. Measurements of air–sea CH4 and CO2 flux were made using floating chambers deployed in leads accessed from sea ice and from the side of Oden, and air–snow fluxes were determined from chambers deployed on sea ice. Gas transfer velocities determined from fluxes and surface-water-dissolved gas concentrations exhibited a weaker wind speed dependence than existing parameterisations, with a median sea-ice lead gas transfer rate of 2.5 cm h−1 applicable over the observed 10 m wind speed range (1–11 m s−1). The average observed air–sea CO2 flux was −7.6 mmolm-2d-1, and the average air–snow CO2 flux was −1.1 mmolm-2d-1. Extrapolating these fluxes and the corresponding sea-ice concentrations gives an August and September flux for the CAO of −1.75 mmolm-2d-1, within the range of previous indirect estimates. The average observed air–sea CH4 flux of 3.5 µmolm-2d-1, accounting for sea-ice concentration, equates to an August and September CAO flux of 0.35 µmolm-2d-1, lower than previous estimates and implying that the CAO is a very small (≪ 1 %) contributor to the Arctic flux of CH4 to the atmosphere.
GEMS v1.0: Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt, based on daily snow mass changes in response to climate and topographic drivers
Authors: Umirbekov Atabek , Essery Richard , Müller Daniel
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Snow modelling is often hampered by the availability of input and calibration data, which can affect the choice of models, their complexity, and transferability. To address the trade-off between model parsimony and transferability, we present the Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt (GEMS), a machine-learning-based model, which requires only daily precipitation, temperature or its daily diurnal cycle, and basic topographic features to simulate snow water equivalent (SWE). The model embeds a support vector regression pretrained on a large dataset of daily observations from a diverse set of the SNOwpack TELemetry Network (SNOTEL) stations in the United States. GEMS does not require any user calibration, except for the option to adjust the temperature threshold for rain–snow partitioning, though the model achieves robust simulation results with the default value. We validated the model with long-term daily observations from numerous independent SNOTEL stations not included in the training and with data from reference stations of the Earth System Model–Snow Model Intercomparison Project. We demonstrate how the model advances large-scale SWE modelling in regions with complex terrain that lack in situ snow mass observations for calibration, such as the Pamir and Andes mountains, by assessing the model's ability to reproduce daily snow cover dynamics. Future model improvements should consider the effects of vegetation, improve simulation accuracy for shallow snow in warm locations at lower elevations, and possibly address wind-induced snow redistribution. Overall, GEMS provides a new approach for snow modelling that can be useful for hydroclimatic research and operational monitoring in regions where in situ snow observations are scarce.
Part 1: Multifractal analysis of wind turbine power and the associated biases
Authors: Jose Jerry , Gires Auguste , Roustan Yelva , Schnorenberger Ernani , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The inherent variability in atmospheric fields, which extends over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, also gets transferred to energy fields extracted off them. In the specific case of wind power generation, this can be seen in the theoretical power available for extraction in the atmosphere as well as the empirical power produced by turbines. Further the power produced by turbines are affected by atmospheric turbulence as well as other fields it interact with. For modelling as well as analyzing them, quantification of their variability, intermittency and correlations with other interacting fields is important. To understand the uncertainties involved in power production, power outputs from four 2MW turbines are analyzed from an operational wind farm at Pay d’Othe, 110 km southeast of Paris, France. Using simultaneously measured wind velocity from the same location, the variability in power available at the wind farm, and power produced by wind turbines were analyzed. To account for the intermittency and variability in said fields, the framework of Universal Multifractals (UM) is used. UM is a widely used, physically based, scale invariant framework for characterizing and simulating geophysical fields over a wide range of scales. While statistically analysing the power produced by the turbine, rated power acts like an upper threshold resulting in biased estimators. This is identified and quantified here using the theoretical framework of UM along with the actual sampling resolution of instruments under study. The validity of this bias in framework is further tested and illustrated using numerical simulations of fields with the same multifractal properties. Understanding instrumental thresholds and their effect in analysis is important in retrieving actual fields and modelling them, more so, in the case of power production where the uncertainties due to turbulence are already a leading challenge. This is further expanded in the second part where the influence of rainfall in power production is studied using scale invariant tools of UM and joint multifractals.
Part 2: Joint multifractal analysis of available wind power and rain intensity from an operational wind farm
Authors: Jose Jerry , Gires Auguste , Schnorenberger Ernani , Roustan Yelva , Schertzer Daniel , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Wind power production plays an important role in achieving UN’s (United nations) Sustainable development goal (SDG) 7 – affordable and clean energy for all; and in the increasing global transition towards renewable and carbon neutral energy, understanding the uncertainties associated with wind and turbulence is extremely important. Characterization of wind is not straightforward due to its intrinsic intermittency: activity of the field becomes increasingly concentrated at smaller and smaller supports as the scale decreases. When it comes to power production by wind turbines, another complexity arises from the influence of rainfall, which only a limited number of studies have addressed so far suggesting short term as well as long-term effects. To understand this, the project RWTurb (https://hmco.enpc.fr/portfolio-archive/rw-turb/; supported by the French National Research Agency, ANR-19-CE05-0022) employs multiple 3D sonic anemometers (manufactured by Thies), mini meteorological stations (manufactured by Thies), and disdrometers (Parsivel2, manufactured by OTT) on a meteorological mast in the wind farm of Pays d’Othe (110 km south-east of Paris, France; operated by Boralex). With this simultaneously measured data, it is possible to study wind power and associated atmospheric fields under various rain conditions. Variations of wind velocity, power available at the wind farm, power produced by wind turbines and air density are examined here during rain and dry conditions using the framework of Universal Multifractals (UM). UM is a widely used, physically based, scale invariant framework for characterizing and simulating geophysical fields over wide range of scales which accounts for the intermittency in the field. Since rated power acts like an upper threshold in statistical analysis of empirical wind power, efforts were made to use the theoretical available power as a proxy to see the difference. From an event based analysis, differences in UM parameters were observed between rain and dry conditions for the fields illustrating the influence of rain. This is further explored using joint multifractal analysis and an increase in correlation exponent was observed between various fields with an increase in rain rate. Here we also examine the possibility of differences in power production according to type of rain (convective or stratiform) as well as various regimes of wind velocity. While examining time steps according to wind velocity, power curves showed different regions of departure from state curve according to the rain rate.
Water properties and bottom water patterns in hadal trench environments
Authors: Kolbusz Jessica , Zika Jan , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Jamieson Alan
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We examine baseline water properties and bottom water patterns in hadal trench environments across the Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific. Significant differences are identified in the South Fiji Basin and surrounding the Philippine Sea, primarily due to the movement of cold Lower Circumpolar Deep Water along topographic features, highlighting the importance of a trench's geospatial position. We present the first hydrographic profiles in the Java Trench, warranting further research. Salinity increases with increasing depth for profiles over 10 000 dbar, with potential causes including instrumentation error, internal mixing, and saline pore water expulsion. These hadopelagic variations are crucial for assessing climate change impacts, especially regarding Antarctic Bottom Water. The study underscores the importance of incorporating these adiabatic conditions to gain insights into ecological biodiversity, alongside the indispensable baseline conditions presented, which are crucial for future oceanographic research across multiple disciplines.
Integration of automatic implicit geological modelling in deterministic geophysical inversion
Authors: Giraud Jérémie , Caumon Guillaume , Grose Lachlan , Ogarko Vitaliy , Cupillard Paul
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We propose and evaluate methods for the integration of automatic implicit geological modelling into the geophysical (potential field) inversion process. The objective is to enforce structural geological realism and to consider geological observations in a level set inversion, which inverts for the location of the boundaries between rock units. We propose two approaches. In the first approach, a geological correction term is applied at each iteration of the inversion to reduce geological inconsistencies. This is achieved by integrating an automatic implicit geological modelling scheme within the geophysical inversion process. In the second approach, we use automatic geological modelling to derive a dynamic prior model term at each iteration of the inversion to limit departures from geologically feasible outcomes. We introduce the main theoretical aspects of the inversion algorithm and perform the proof of concept using two synthetic studies. The analysis of the results using indicators measuring geophysical, petrophysical, and structural geological misfits demonstrates that our approach effectively steers the inversion towards geologically consistent models and reduces the risk of geologically unrealistic outcomes. Results suggest that the geological correction may be effectively applied to pre-existing geophysical models to increase their geological realism and that it can also be used to explore geophysically equivalent models.
Fold localization at pre-existing normal faults: field observations and analogue modelling of the Achental structure, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Authors: van Kooten Willemijn Sarah Maria Theresia , Ortner Hugo , Willingshofer Ernst , Sokoutis Dimitrios , Gruber Alfred , Sausgruber Thomas
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Within the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) fold-and-thrust belt of the Eastern Alps, multiple pre-shortening deformation phases have contributed to the structural grain that controlled localization of deformation at later stages. In particular, Jurassic rifting and opening of the Alpine Tethys led to the formation of extensional basins at the northern margin of the Apulian plate. Subsequent Cretaceous shortening within the Northern Calcareous Alps produced the enigmatic Achental structure, which forms a sigmoidal transition zone between two E–W-striking major synclines. One of the major complexities of the Achental structure is that all structural elements are oblique to the Cretaceous direction of shortening. Its sigmoidal form was, therefore, proposed to be a result of forced folding at the boundaries of the Jurassic Achental basin. This study analyses the structural evolution of the Achental structure through integrating field observations with crustal-scale physical analogue modelling to elucidate the influence of pre-existing crustal heterogeneities on oblique basin inversion. From brittle–ductile models that include a weak basal décollement, we infer that oblique shortening of pre-existing extensional faults can lead to the localization of deformation at the pre-existing structure and predicts thrust and fold structures that are consistent with field observations. Consequently, the Achental low-angle thrust and sigmoidal fold train was able to localize at the former Jurassic basin margin, with a vergence opposite to the controlling normal fault, creating the characteristic sigmoidal morphology during a single phase of NW-directed shortening.
Non-destructive multi-sensor core logging allows for rapid imaging and estimation of frozen bulk density and volumetric ice content in permafrost cores
Authors: Pumple Joel , Monteath Alistair , Harvey Jordan , Roustaei Mahya , Alvarez Alejandro , Buchanan Casey , Froese Duane
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Permafrost cores provide physical samples that can be used to measure the characteristics of frozen ground. Measurements of core physical properties, however, are typically destructive and time intensive. In this study, multi-sensor core logging (MSCL) is used to provide a rapid (∼2–3 cm core depth per minute), high-resolution, non-destructive method to image and collect the physical properties of permafrost cores, allowing for the visualization of cryostructures and estimation of frozen bulk density, magnetic susceptibility, and volumetric ice content. Six permafrost cores with differing properties were analyzed using MSCL and compared with established destructive analyses to assess the potential of this instrument both in terms of accuracy and relative rate of data acquisition. A calibration procedure is presented for gamma ray attenuation from a 137Cs source that is specific to frozen-core materials. This accurately estimates frozen bulk density over the wide range of material densities found in permafrost. MSCL frozen bulk density data show agreement with destructive analyses based on discrete-sample measurements, with an RMSE of 0.067 g cm−3. Frozen bulk density data from the gamma attenuation, along with soil dry bulk density measurements for different sediment types, are used to estimate volumetric ice content. This approach does require an estimation of the soil dry bulk density and assumption of air content. However, the averaged results for this method show good agreement with an RMSE of 6.7 %, illustrating MSCL can provide non-destructive estimates of volumetric ice contents and a digital archive of permafrost cores for future applications.
Systemically important bank bond funding: Implications for financial stability
Authors:   , Bell Christopher John
Published: February 2024

This thesis explores bond funding activities of Systemically Important Banks (SIBs). Following the GFC, large banks were identified as SIBs by regulators. If one of these large banks fail it would pose a systemic risk to the stability of the economy. This is the first study to focus on bond funding for SIBs and the potential impacts to financial stability. Using cross-sectional data, the thesis analyses bond funding in primary markets, including Australia, across three studies. The empirical findings make original contributions to existing literature and provide insights to regulators setting local and global financial stability policy.
Evolución de los incendios forestales en España y Extremadura. ¿Correlación con el Cambio Climático?
Authors: Mora Aliseda Julián , Horcajo Romo Ana Isabel , Castro Serrano José , Garrido Velarde Jacinto
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo aborda de manera sintética y diacrónica, algunos de los aspectos que, a lo largo del tiempo, consiguen alterar la biodiversidad en las áreas protegidas y, por ende, sus efectos sobre las actividades que se desarrollan en el mundo rural con incidencia en la permanencia de la población, como son los incendios forestales en España y el papel activo de las administraciones que despliegan conjuntos de medidas encaminadas a reparar los daños originados. El papel del sector forestal es muy importante para la fijación de la población en la denominada “España vaciada” por ello, el estudio se centra en una amenaza decisiva como son los fuegos y su asociación directa o indirecta, llegado el caso, con el cambio climático al que muchos señalan como causante principal y que en nuestro estudio hemos tratado de verificar. Para abordar este análisis se evaluaron los incendios forestales producidos en España y su comparativa con Extremadura, examinando las temperaturas observadas en el ámbito nacional desde 1961, considerando, de igual manera, las olas de calor registradas en el país desde que la AEMET recaba estos datos. Los resultados arrojados estadísticamente establecen que no existe una correlación directa entre el incremento de las temperaturas medias anuales y el número de incendios producidos ni con la extensión de la superficie quemada.
Despoblación y medio ambiente: una aproximación a las narrativas desde medios de comunicación valencianos
Authors: Pla-Bañuls Jaume , Esparcia Pérez Javier
Published: February 2024

Buena parte de los municipios de la España rural interior vienen experimentando una pérdida sistemática de población. La preocupación y sensibilidad social por estos municipios ha aumentado considerablemente en la última década, hecho que en parte puede atribuirse al papel de los medios de comunicación. Estos actúan como altavoces de la situación de municipios rurales (y de sus diferentes actores, especialmente políticos locales), contribuyendo a esa creciente sensibilización social a la vez que se hacen eco de cómo todo ello se aborda desde la agenda pública. En la presente comunicación se analiza la despoblación en la prensa regional de la Comunidad Valenciana entre 1996 y 2022, utilizando la hemeroteca digital My News. El objetivo central es analizar la presencia de cuestiones ambientales en la despoblación, ver qué otras temáticas están vinculadas, y analizar las diversas narrativas que se han venido formulando y a las que la prensa escrita contribuye de manera decidida. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, para poder tratar una muestra amplia de noticias (853), se recurre, en primer lugar, a un análisis tanto de tipo cuantitativo como cualitativo (utilizando el software AntConc), que permite definir las diferentes temáticas y las relaciones entre ellas. Aquí los resultados apuntan, por un lado, a las potencialidades ligadas al medio ambiente (y subtemáticas vinculadas, caso del patrimonio) y, por otro, a los efectos negativos, como el abandono del campo y su relación con la despoblación. En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un análisis de contenidos, centrado en las diferentes narrativas que se plantean sobre las cuestiones ambientales en el contexto de la despoblación rural. Se presta especial atención, a modo de ejemplo, a la narrativa en la que se justifica la instalación de parques eólicos en el interior de la Comunidad Valenciana.
Análisis organizacional de las Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad Acreditadas en España
Authors: Martínez-Morales Ignacio , Marhuenda-Fluixá Fernando , Chisvert-Tarazona María José , Tárraga-Mínguez Raúl
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Debido a la ausencia de regulación específica, las Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad (E2O) pueden organizarse con mayor flexibilidad que los centros escolares ordinarios. Nuestro objetivo es identificar las dimensiones organizativas de las E2O acreditadas en España y en qué medida se orientan a promover la inclusión social de su alumnado. MÉTODO. Utilizamos técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, triangulando informantes e instrumentos de recogida y análisis. Realizamos 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas con directores/as o jefes/as de estudios de E2O, así como cuestionarios con 351 jóvenes egresados de E2O el curso 2019-2020, tras finalizar su itinerario formativo. RESULTADOS. La misión de estas instituciones se define por la vinculación de la acción educativa con jóvenes vulnerables a la transformación social. Complementariamente, la fórmula jurídica de la mayoría de las escuelas es la fundación, una estructura amplia, que incorpora entre sus servicios a las E2O. La mayoría se beneficia de un entramado de recursos de gestión y del establecimiento de redes complejas y diversas. Las instituciones valoran su acreditación como E2O como oportunidad para consolidar redes, sistematizar procesos organizativos y reconocer el trabajo realizado. Se evidencian como instituciones innovadoras, abiertas al aprendizaje y capaces de generar conocimiento, respaldadas por el amplio reconocimiento de su labor por parte de su alumnado egresado. DISCUSIÓN. Destaca la flexibilidad en las intervenciones personalizadas e inclusivas que proponen estas instituciones, así como un reconocimiento creciente, especialmente desde las administraciones públicas, clave para la gestión de proyectos y el diseño de políticas sociales, laborales y educativas.
Presencia del principio de igualdad de género en las Guías Docentes del Grado de Educación Primaria en España
Authors: Velasco Erlantz , Meza Paulina , Hurtado-Reina Jone
Published: February 2024

El principio de igualdad de género constituye un elemento consagrado en la legislación española. Así, su desarrollo en los diferentes currículos educativos debe considerarse como una obligación, convirtiendo la formación universitaria en un canal para la consolidación de vías de cambio y mejora social. Sobre esto, la guía docente constituye un género fundamental para la visibilización de dicho princio en las programaciones docentes. En este marco, el estudio tiene por objeto analizar presencia del principio de igualdad en las guías docentes de las asignaturas de didácticas específicas en el Grado de Educación Primaria de la Red Universitaria Española. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se analiza un corpus constituido por 794 guías docentes obtenidas de 65 universidades que ofertaron el Grado de Educación Primaria durante el curso 2020-2021. Entre los principales resultados destaca la escasa presencia del principio de igualdad de género en el conjunto del corpus, situándose Ciencias Sociales como el área más permeable a su inclusión. Además, cabe señalar la inconsistencia técnico-didáctica de aquellas guías docentes que visibilizan preceptos de igualdad de género en alguna sección. Así, los preceptos de género no se materializan en resultados de aprendizaje, contenidos ni indicadores de evaluación. Asimismo, existe una limitación de contenidos y resultados de aprendizaje vinculados a aprendizajes conceptuales y procedimentales. En conclusión, la situación del grado académico analizado demanda de una activación del reconocimiento de la figura de la mujer a través del principio de igualdad de género, para seguir trabajando en la erradicación de desigualdades entre hombre y mujeres, y favorecer así la transformación de las prácticas docentes en post de modelos sociales inclusivos.
El concepto de competencia en conciencia y expresiones culturales en la formación inicial de docentes: evaluación de un programa pedagógico basado en los principios de las metodologías activas
Authors: Salido López Pedro V.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. La renovación de la pedagogía de las artes en la formación inicial de docentes no debe permanecer ajena a la amplitud de conceptos que articulan la competencia en conciencia y expresiones culturales (CCEC), una de las competencias clave que el marco europeo recomienda incluir en el sistema educativo. MÉTODO. A través de la asignación de valores numéricos a diferentes datos cualitativos para su transformación en resultados cuantitativos, se analiza cuál es el concepto de CCEC adquirido por un grupo de docentes en formación. Con la referencia de este estudio previo, y atendiendo a un planteamiento de investigación a/r/tográfico, se evalúan los efectos del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos de naturaleza artística (ABP-A) en la formación recibida por futuros y futuras profesionales de la educación. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. Los datos recogidos evidenciaron la necesidad de abordar un proceso de profundización en la conceptualización de la CCEC con los docentes en formación y de analizar su relación con el área de Educación Artística. En otro orden de cosas, el modelo de ABP-A como estrategia formativa permitió reflexionar sobre lo que supone ser competente desde el punto de vista cultural y artístico en el contexto de un área de conocimiento que, además de centrarse en la expresión, no se olvida del componente humanístico de la obra de arte. CONCLUSIÓN. La esencia de una Educación Artística renovada y abanderada de la CCEC debe ocupar un lugar prioritario en la práctica de aula. Ante esta realidad, abordar la formación de docentes desde los principios de las metodologías activas permite situar nuestra disciplina en un marco pedagógico que, alejado de la exclusiva transformación de materiales a través de la manipulación, afianza la presencia de las artes y su componente cultural en educación.
MOLDED ACTIVATED CARBON BASED ON A SYNTHETIC BINDER OBTAINED BY TREATING TAR WITH SULFURIC ACID
Authors: Кугатов П.В. , Ивашкина Е.А. , Жирнов Б.С.
Published: February 2024

В работе предложен способ получения углеродного адсорбента в виде экструдатов на основе гудрона и различных углеродных наполнителей. Для получения гранул сорбента навеску гудрона растворяли в избытке гептана, при непрерывном перемешивании раствора добавляли наполнитель, далее концентрированную серную кислоту. После образования связующего материала из гудрона отделяли твердый продукт; из образовавшейся пасты экструдировали «зеленые» гранулы, которые подвергали карбонизации и последующей активации водяным паром. Определены соотношения, позволяющие получать углеродные гранулы с наилучшими показателями поверхности (до 900 м2/г) и механической прочности: массовое соотношение гудрон/наполнитель 0,5:1, кислота/гудрон – 1:1. При использовании двух различных наполнителей (скорлупа грецкого ореха и кокс на основе гудрона) показано различие формирования микро-, мезопористой структуры углеродных гранул после активации: образцы на основе кокса дают более однородную микропористую структуру с меньшим содержанием мезопор. Благодаря возможности строго контролировать параметры процесса на стадии формования (свойства гудрона, соотношение компонентов) данная методика позволяет получать углеродные гранулы со стабильными характеристиками (удельная поверхность, механическая прочность).

The paper proposes a method for obtaining a carbon adsorbent in the form of extrudates based on bitumen and various carbon fillers: the bitumen suspension was dissolved in excess of heptane, with continuous mixing of the solution, filler was added, then concentrated sulfuric acid, after the formation of a binder, the resulting solid product was separated; «green» granules were extruded from the resulting paste, which were subjected to carbonization and subsequent activation by steam. The ratios allowing to obtain carbon granules with the best surface indicators (up to 900 m2/g) and mechanical strength are determined: the mass ratio of bitumen/filler is 0.5 to 1, acid/bitumen is 1 to 1. When using two different fillers (walnut shell and bitumen-based coke), the difference in the formation of the micro/meso porous structure of carbon granules after activation is shown: coke-based samples give a more homogeneous microporous structure with a lower content of mesopores. Due to the ability to strictly control the process parameters at the molding stage (properties of bitumen, the ratio of components), this technique allows you to obtain carbon granules with a stable set of characteristics (specific surface area, mechanical strength).
Planning Strategies and Learning Reflection Practices among Pre-Service Teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: B. Charles , T. A. Opunne
Published: February 2024

The study investigated the relationship between planning strategies and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in upper basic education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria. Two (2) specific objectives and research questions posed were answered, and corresponding null hypotheses were formulated, stated, and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. A correlation research design was adopted for this study, and the population consisted of seventy-three (73) pre-service teachers, comprising 27 student-teachers and 47 corps members deployed to Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State. No sampling method was employed, as the entire population served as a sample for the study. Two (2) sets of instruments titled "Questionnaire on Planning Strategies (QPS) and Learning Reflection Practices Scale (LRPDS)” were used for data collection, which were validated by three experts in educational management, measurement, and evaluation. The reliability indexes of 0.83 and 85 were obtained, respectively, using the test-retest method. Research questions were answered using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and a transformational test was conducted to ascertain if the null hypotheses were significant or not. It was found out that there was a significant relationship between lesson plan quality and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State, and a significant relationship between instructional methods and learning reflection practices among pre-service teachers in Upper Basic Education in Tai Local Government, Rivers State. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the government should develop integrated training programs for pre-service teachers that explicitly emphasise the symbiotic relationship between lesson planning, instructional methodologies, and learning reflection.
Thermodynamic Modeling of a Supercritical Steam Rankine Cycle for an Integrated CSP-Nuclear System
Authors: White Brian T. , Lindley Ben , Raza Toby , Wagner Michael
Published: February 2024

Renewable technologies using solar input have varied electrical power production during periods of low solar irradiance caused by cloud coverage, seasonal changes, and time of day. Nuclear power plants can load follow, but due to low operating costs and high fixed costs, this capability is often not financially appealing. Implementing thermal energy storage (TES) within a synergistic solar and nuclear power cycle allows for storage during low demand periods and increased power production during high demand periods, effectively increasing dispatchability. In this paper, we examine the thermodynamic performance of an integrated system that includes concentrating solar power (CSP) and a lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). These technologies are selected due to their similar operating temperatures, allowing for utilization of established TES technologies. Both the CSP and LFR system produce thermal power that is sent to a supercritical steam-Rankine cycle (SSRC). The SSRC model is designed to be implemented into a larger integrated energy system (IES) which contains multiple communicating models. The IES generates CSP and LFR heat profiles then utilizes the SSRC to output calculated metrics including power generation, heat rejection, and cycle efficiency.
Impact of Component Improvements Within a Next Generation sCO2 CSP Plant
Authors: Chandler Nicholas , Schöttl Peter , Bitterling Moritz , Bern Gregor , Fluri Thomas
Published: February 2024

Several component improvements within a next-generation CSP plant were investigated in the German-project, HelioGLOW, to determine their impact on the system performance. To accomplish this, multiple configurations of an upgraded CRS plant with four different components were parameterized and simulated using a transient simulation model. The four components introduced to the plant as upgrades are: a high temperature solid body receiver, an air curtain that reduces convection losses, a supercritical CO2 power cycle that can operate at a range of temperatures, and an advanced heliostat field. With the result of multiple annual simulations under various operating conditions, configuration optima, performance sensitivity and specific component improvements were identified.
HelioSoil: A Python Library for Heliostat Soiling Analysis and Cleaning Optimization
Authors: Picotti Giovanni , Cholette Michael E. , Wang Ye , Anderson Cody B. , Steinberg Theodore A. , Pye John , Manzolini Giampaolo
Published: February 2024

Soiling losses and their mitigation via cleaning operations represent important challenges for Solar Tower (ST) plants. Yet soiling losses are not well considered in existing CSP software, likely due to the lack of tools for soiling estimation and cleaning optimization. In this paper, a Python-based heliostat soiling library, called HelioSoil, is introduced which allows for the assessment of heliostats’ soiling state and the optimization of the solar field cleaning schedule to maximize plant profit. The library is freely available on GitHub under a LGPL license, which enables extensions via other Python APIs (e.g. CoPylot) and integration with other CSP plant simulation packages to consider soiling losses. This latter capability is demonstrated in this study through an LCOE assessment and cleaning optimization of a hypothetical Australian ST plant with SolarTherm. Hence, HelioSoil provides the CSP community with a package for soiling assessment and cleaning resource optimization, which can be integrated with available software for high-level, long-term simulations. HelioSoil facilitates the inclusion of soiling and cleaning costs in CSP economics and ultimately aim to de-risk the deployment of ST plants.
DNI Forecast Tool for the Smart Operation of a Parabolic Trough Collector System With Concrete Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sattler Johannes Christoph , Atti Vikrama , Alexopoulos Spiros , Teixeira Boura Cristiano , Herrmann Ulf , Dutta Siddharth , Kioutsioukis Ioannis
Published: February 2024

This work presents a basic forecast tool for predicting direct normal irradiance (DNI) in hourly resolution, which the Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ) is developing within a research project. The DNI forecast data shall be used for a parabolic trough collector (PTC) system with a concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) located at the company KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd in Limassol, Cyprus. On a daily basis, 24-hour DNI prediction data in hourly resolution shall be automatically produced using free or very low-cost weather forecast data as input. The purpose of the DNI forecast tool is to automatically transfer the DNI forecast data on a daily basis to a main control unit (MCU). The MCU automatically makes a smart decision on the operation mode of the PTC system such as steam production mode and/or C-TES charging mode. The DNI forecast tool was evaluated using historical data of measured DNI from an on-site weather station, which was compared to the DNI forecast data. The DNI forecast tool was tested using data from 56 days between January and March 2022, which included days with a strong variation in DNI due to cloud passages. For the evaluation of the DNI forecast reliability, three categories were created and the forecast data was sorted accordingly. The result was that the DNI forecast tool has a reliability of 71.4 % based on the tested days. The result fulfils SIJ’s aim to achieve a reliability of around 70 %, but SIJ aims to still improve the DNI forecast quality.
Deep Learning Method for Heliostat Instance Segmentation
Authors: Liu Benjamin , Sonn Alexander , Roy Anthony , Brewington Brian
Published: February 2024

Heliostat instance segmentation (HST-IS) is a crucial component of the heliostat tracking system at Heliogen’s Lancaster test facility. The system estimates the mirror normal of each heliostat by performing a nonlinear optimization-based fitting strategy using approximations of the non-shaded, non-blocked sunlit pixels on each heliostat, and the tracking system uses these estimates to improve performance.
HST-IS is fundamentally challenging due to variability in lighting conditions and heliostat size relative to the capturing camera. Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged in recent years by demonstrating noteworthy precision in tasks such as object recognition, detection, and segmentation. CNN-based methods offer a robust augmentation to HST-IS methods as they capture a context-less hierarchy of image features.
In this study, we developed deep learning models to automatically segment heliostat instances from elevated images taken from the field. We study various image parameters and architectural customizations to optimize for scalability, robustness, and accuracy in our predictions. We perform robust evaluations of our best model to quantify gaps between model development and real-world deployment and provide evidence for utility in the field.
Hydrogen Production via Off-Sun Solar-Thermal Supercritical Water Gasification and Membrane Reforming of Piggery Waste
Authors: Bardwell Louise , Rahbari Alireza , Pye John
Published: February 2024

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) represents an emerging technology for liquid fuel synthesis, offering large potential in significantly improving the efficiency and environmental impact of clean fuel production. Compared to conventional gasification, SCWG proceeds at much lower temperatures, allowing char and tar-free gasification of biomass and for low-quality and high-moisture content biomass to be used. As the thermochemical processes involved in SCWG and steam methane reforming (SMR) are highly endothermic, combining them with concentrated solar power (CSP) and thermal energy storage (TES) could allow the process to be driven solely by renewable energy. As such, this work models an off-sun SCWG/SMR system using novel molten salt, proposed to reach up to 600°C [1], which overcomes the previously limiting molten salt temperature of 550°C. Using an off-sun configuration, it deals with the on-sun configuration’s issues of degraded lifetime and creep-fatigue, allowing for uniform heating and a reduced load on the reactors. The novel technology of an integrated Pd-based membrane reactor, highly selective to H₂, was chosen given its ability to carry out SMR at temperatures in the viable range of new molten salts. The system uses a waste feedstock, piggery waste, to provide the dual benefit of reducing the environmental cost associated with piggery waste’s release of CH4. From the model created in Aspen Plus, a plant output of 7.2 kmolH₂/h (1,135 Nm³/h of H₂), was obtained with a flow rate of 150 kg/h of dry piggery waste, a membrane area of 131.8 m², and a 73% CH4 conversion from the feed.
Malnutrition status and related factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Ho Chi Minh City oncology hospital
Authors: Bich Nguyen Ngoc , Dao Pham Hoang , Trinh Le Thi Diem , Quang Pham Duy
Published: February 2024

Chemotherapy is one type of systemic treatment for cancer that causes side effects on eating and energy supply, leading to weight loss and malnutrition. Detecting malnutrition early in gastric cancer patients plays a critical role in implementing an effective nutritional regimen that can improve their nutritional status, prevent weight loss, and enhance their ability to withstand and respond to chemotherapy. The cross-sectional study was performed on 95 patients in Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital from October 2021 to June 2022. According to the PG-SGA, MUAC, and BMI, the percentage of malnutrition are 69.5%, 33.7%, and 31.6%, respectively. There is a statistically significant connection between malnutrition rate by PG-SGA with age categories, cancer treatment methods, side effects of chemotherapy, and anemia.