bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conference Report: The 2016 Olten Meeting at the Basel Life Science Week
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: January 2017

"This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us." This was an internal memo written by Western Union in 1876. That's right. Without efficient knowledge sharing and technology transfer, even
the best scientific development may prove to be a damp squib for a long time. The Basel Life Science Week was created in order to promote scientific and economic exchange and pave the way for innovative ideas. That's why NTN Swiss Biotech has moved its traditional 'Olten Meeting' to the Basel
Life Science Week. It is the ideal setting for NTN Swiss Biotech and the School of Life Sciences FHNW to present innovative developments within its network of academic and industrial partners in the future-oriented disciplines of Molecular Diagnostics and Medicinal Chemistry. Short summaries of the key lectures are reported below.
Pre-Departure Training for Student Global Health Experiences: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bessette Jennifer , Camden Chantal
Published: January 2017

Purpose: The authors identify the recommended pre-departure training (PDT) practices for physiotherapy students participating in a global health experience (GHE): both the content to be covered and the preferred learning methods to be used. They also discuss the implications of these recommendations for the physiotherapy field. Method: A scoping review of scientific and grey literature was performed to identify the recommended PDT practices. A thematic analysis was then performed to identify emerging themes. Results: The recommended PDT content broke down into the following areas: global health knowledge; ethics, introspection, and critical thinking; cultural competency; cross-cultural communication; placement-specific knowledge; and personal health and safety. The recommended learning methods were a combination of didactic, reflective, and experiential components that would enhance knowledge, develop cross-cultural skills, and address attitudinal changes. Conclusion: The growing participation of Canadian physiotherapy students in GHEs requires universities to adequately prepare their students before they leave to mitigate moral hazards. Given that little empirical research has been published on the effectiveness of PDT, the authors encourage collaborative efforts to develop PDT and evaluate its effectiveness for students and its impact on host communities.
Incorporating a Cognitive Strategy Approach into an Outpatient Stroke Physiotherapy Programme: Case Report
Authors: McEwen Sara , Cirone Dianne , Lee Betty
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) has demonstrated an effect on skill performance, compared with the usual outpatient rehabilitation, in people living with stroke when implemented by occupational therapists. This study explored refining CO-OP for delivery by both occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Client Description: Two cases were recruited and treated using the CO-OP approach, which augments task-specific training with cognitive strategies and guided discovery. Intervention: Case 1 was a 79-year-old woman, 31 days after parietal stroke, and Case 2 was a 45-year-old man, 62 days after bilateral brain stem stroke. Case 1 withdrew from the study for medical reasons. Outcome measures applied were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), the Self-Efficacy Gauge, the Berg Balance Scale, the Box and Block Test, and the 2-minute walk test. Measures and Outcomes: After 10 sessions, Case 2 made gains in most measures, including a 22-point gain in the SIS mobility domain. Implications: The therapists reported that the combined delivery required additional communication with the patients but was feasible. Case 2 reported physical and mobility gains larger than the mean changes seen in past CO-OP research. Although these results cannot be generalized, findings suggest that the inter-professional application of CO-OP warrants further investigation.
Ngrams and Engrams: the use of structural and conceptual features to discriminate between English translations of religious texts
Authors: Franklin Emma , Oakes Michael
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we present experiments using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program, a ‘closed-class keyword’ (CCK) analysis and a ‘correspondence analysis’ (CA) to examine whether the Scientology texts of L. Ron Hubbard are linguistically and conceptually like those of other religions. A Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the frequencies of LIWC category words in the Scientology texts and the English translations of the texts of five other religions showed that there were eighteen categories for which the Scientology texts differed from the others, and between one and seventeen for the other religions. In the CCK experiment, keywords typical of each religion were found, both by comparing the religious texts with one another and with the Brown corpus of general English. The most typical keywords were looked up in a concordancer and were manually coded with conceptual tags. The set of categories found for the Scientology texts showed little overlap with those found for the others. Our CA experiments produced fairly clear clusters of texts by religion. Scientology texts were seen at one pole on the first factor, with Christian and Islamic texts at the other. It appears that, in several ways, the Scientology texts are dissimilar to the texts of some of the world's major religions.
Using a core word to identify different forms of semantically related formulaic sequences and their potential as a marker of authorship
Authors: Larner Samuel
Published: January 2017

Formulaic sequences should make an excellent marker of style because if authors treat them as one lexical choice, they are unlikely to be aware of the individual words contained within. However, there is no clear-cut way to robustly identify all, and only, formulaic sequences in a text. If one particular word which occurs frequently in formulaic sequences – a core word – can be isolated, then a reasonable sub-set of word sequences will be identified, the majority of which can be expected to be formulaic. Using the core word way which occurs in many formulaic sequences (e.g., ‘in a way’, ‘by the way’ and ‘by way of’), the aim of this research is to establish whether individual authors use different way-phrases from one another and, for comparative purposes, whether authors use alternative non-formulaic realisations of the same semantic content. If inter-authorial differences can be found, way-phrases may hold potential as a marker of authorship. The results indicate that for one author, the phrase ‘in a way’ appeared to be used distinctively. Therefore, there is potential for formulaic sequences to be used as a marker of authorship, albeit for only one author out of twenty, which limits the usefulness of such a marker in a forensic context.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Agriculture in 2016
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Agriculture would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Bioengineering in 2016
Authors:   Bioengineering Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Bioengineering would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Biology in 2016
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Biology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Brain Sciences in 2016
Authors:   Brain Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Brain Sciences would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
AR-Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond
Authors: Schweizer Michael , Yu Evan
Published: January 2017

In the 1940s Charles Huggins reported remarkable palliative benefits following surgical castration in men with advanced prostate cancer, and since then the androgen receptor (AR) has remained the main therapeutic target in this disease. Over the past couple of decades, our understanding of AR-signaling biology has dramatically improved, and it has become apparent that the AR can modulate a number of other well-described oncogenic signaling pathways. Not surprisingly, mounting preclinical and epidemiologic data now supports a role for AR-signaling in promoting the growth and progression of several cancers other than prostate, and early phase clinical trials have documented preliminary signs of efficacy when AR-signaling inhibitors are used in several of these malignancies. In this article, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting the use of AR-directed therapies in prostate as well as other cancers, with an emphasis on the rationale for targeting AR-signaling across tumor types.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Cells in 2016
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Cells would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Crystals in 2016
Authors:   Crystals Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Crystals would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Diseases in 2016
Authors:   Diseases Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Diseases would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Local Entropy Generation in Compressible Flow through a High Pressure Turbine with Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation
Authors: Lin Dun , Yuan Xin , Su Xinrong
Published: January 2017

Gas turbines are important energy-converting equipment in many industries. The flow inside gas turbines is very complicated and the knowledge about the flow loss mechanism is critical to the advanced design. The current design system heavily relies on empirical formulas or Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), which faces big challenges in dealing with highly unsteady complex flow and accurately predicting flow losses. Further improving the efficiency needs more insights into the loss generation in gas turbines. Conventional Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Simulation (URANS) methods have defects in modeling multi-frequency, multi-length, highly unsteady flow, especially when mixing or separation occurs, while Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) are too costly for the high-Reynolds number flow. In this work, the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) method is used with a low-dissipation numerical scheme to capture the detailed flow structures of the complicated flow in a high pressure turbine guide vane. DDES accurately predicts the wake vortex behavior and produces much more details than RANS and URANS. The experimental findings of the wake vortex length characteristics, which RANS and URANS fail to predict, are successfully captured by DDES. Accurate flow simulation builds up a solid foundation for accurate losses prediction. Based on the detailed DDES results, loss analysis in terms of entropy generation rate is conducted from two aspects. The first aspect is to apportion losses by its physical resources: viscous irreversibility and heat transfer irreversibility. The viscous irreversibility is found to be much stronger than the heat transfer irreversibility in the flow. The second aspect is weighing the contributions of steady effects and unsteady effects. Losses due to unsteady effects account for a large part of total losses. Effects of unsteadiness should not be neglected in the flow physics study and design process.
A Frequency Control Approach for Hybrid Power System Using Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Lotfy Mohammed , Senjyu Tomonobu , Farahat Mohammed , Abdel-Gawad Amal , Yona Atsuhi
Published: January 2017

A hybrid power system uses many wind turbine generators (WTG) and solar photovoltaics (PV) in isolated small areas. However, the output power of these renewable sources is not constant and can diverge quickly, which has a serious effect on system frequency and the continuity of demand supply. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a new frequency control scheme for a hybrid power system to ensure supplying a high-quality power in isolated areas. The proposed power system consists of a WTG, PV, aqua-electrolyzer (AE), fuel cell (FC), battery energy storage system (BESS), flywheel (FW) and diesel engine generator (DEG). Furthermore, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs) are implemented at the customer side. A full-order observer is utilized to estimate the supply error. Then, the estimated supply error is considered in a frequency domain. The high-frequency component is reduced by BESS and FW; while the low-frequency component of supply error is mitigated using FC, EV and DEG. Two PI controllers are implemented in the proposed system to control the system frequency and reduce the supply error. The epsilon multi-objective genetic algorithm ( ε -MOGA) is applied to optimize the controllers’ parameters. The performance of the proposed control scheme is compared with that of recent well-established techniques, such as a PID controller tuned by the quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm (QOHSA). The effectiveness and robustness of the hybrid power system are investigated under various operating conditions.
Field Synergy Analysis and Optimization of the Thermal Behavior of Lithium Ion Battery Packs
Authors: He Hongwen , Jia Hui , Huo Weiwei , Sun Fengchun
Published: January 2017

In this study, a three dimensional (3D) modeling has been built for a lithium ion battery pack using the field synergy principle to obtain a better thermal distribution. In the model, the thermal behavior of the battery pack was studied by reducing the maximum temperature, improving the temperature uniformity and considering the difference between the maximum and maximum temperature of the battery pack. The method is further verified by simulation results based on different environmental temperatures and discharge rates. The thermal behavior model demonstrates that the design and cooling policy of the battery pack is crucial for optimizing the air-outlet patterns of electric vehicle power cabins.
Day-Ahead Scheduling Considering Demand Response as a Frequency Control Resource
Authors: Bao Yu-Qing , Li Yang , Wang Beibei , Hu Minqiang , Zhou Yanmin
Published: January 2017

The development of advanced metering technologies makes demand response (DR) able to provide fast response services, e.g., primary frequency control. It is recognized that DR can contribute to the primary frequency control like thermal generators. This paper proposes a day-ahead scheduling method that considers DR as a frequency control resource, so that the DR resources can be dispatched properly with other resources. In the proposed method, the objective of frequency control is realized by defining a frequency limit equation under a supposed contingency. The frequency response model is used to model the dynamics of system frequency. The nonlinear frequency limit equation is transformed to a linear arithmetic equation by piecewise linearization, so that the problem can be solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Finally, the proposed method is verified on numerical examples.
Integrated Equivalent Circuit and Thermal Model for Simulation of Temperature-Dependent LiFePO4 Battery in Actual Embedded Application
Authors: Gao Zuchang , Chin Cheng , Woo Wai , Jia Junbo
Published: January 2017

A computational efficient battery pack model with thermal consideration is essential for simulation prototyping before real-time embedded implementation. The proposed model provides a coupled equivalent circuit and convective thermal model to determine the state-of-charge (SOC) and temperature of the LiFePO4 battery working in a real environment. A cell balancing strategy applied to the proposed temperature-dependent battery model balanced the SOC of each cell to increase the lifespan of the battery. The simulation outputs are validated by a set of independent experimental data at a different temperature to ensure the model validity and reliability. The results show a root mean square (RMS) error of 1.5609 × 10−5 for the terminal voltage and the comparison between the simulation and experiment at various temperatures (from 5 °C to 45 °C) shows a maximum RMS error of 7.2078 × 10−5.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Fermentation in 2016
Authors:   Fermentation Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Fermentation would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Bentonite Permeability at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Daniels Katherine , Harrington Jon , Zihms Stephanie , Wiseall Andrew
Published: January 2017

Repository designs frequently favour geological disposal of radioactive waste with a backfill material occupying void space around the waste. The backfill material must tolerate the high temperatures produced by decaying radioactive waste to prevent its failure or degradation, leading to increased hydraulic conductivity and reduced sealing performance. The results of four experiments investigating the effect of temperature on the permeability of a bentonite backfill are presented. Bentonite is a clay commonly proposed as the backfill in repository designs because of its high swelling capacity and very low permeability. The experiments were conducted in two sets of purpose-built, temperature controlled apparatus, designed to simulate isotropic pressure and constant volume conditions within the testing range of 4–6 MPa average effective stress. The response of bentonite during thermal loading at temperatures up to 200 °C was investigated, extending the previously considered temperature range. The results provide details of bentonite’s intrinsic permeability, total stress, swelling pressure and porewater pressure during thermal cycles. We find that bentonite’s hydraulic properties are sensitive to thermal loading and the type of imposed boundary condition. However, the permeability change is not large and can mostly be accounted for by water viscosity changes. Thus, under 150 °C, temperature has a minimal impact on bentonite’s hydraulic permeability.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Horticulturae in 2016
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Horticulturae would like to express their sincere gratitude to all of the reviewers who assessed manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Pathophysiology and the Monitoring Methods for Cardiac Arrest Associated Brain Injury
Authors: Reis Cesar , Akyol Onat , Araujo Camila , Huang Lei , Enkhjargal Budbazar , Malaguit Jay , Gospodarev Vadim , Zhang John
Published: January 2017

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a well-known cause of global brain ischemia. After CA and subsequent loss of consciousness, oxygen tension starts to decline and leads to a series of cellular changes that will lead to cellular death, if not reversed immediately, with brain edema as a result. The electroencephalographic activity starts to change as well. Although increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is not a direct result of cardiac arrest, it can still occur due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy induced changes in brain tissue, and is a measure of brain edema after CA and ischemic brain injury. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of brain edema after CA, some available techniques, and methods to monitor brain oxygen, electroencephalography (EEG), ICP (intracranial pressure), and microdialysis on its measurement of cerebral metabolism and its usefulness both in clinical practice and possible basic science research in development. With this review, we hope to gain knowledge of the more personalized information about patient status and specifics of their brain injury, and thus facilitating the physicians’ decision making in terms of which treatments to pursue.
Mutation-Structure-Function Relationship Based Integrated Strategy Reveals the Potential Impact of Deleterious Missense Mutations in Autophagy Related Proteins on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Comprehensive Informatics Approach
Authors: Awan Faryal , Obaid Ayesha , Ikram Aqsa , Janjua Hussnain
Published: January 2017

Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved multifaceted lysosome-mediated bulk degradation system, plays a vital role in liver pathologies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) and genetic variations in autophagy components have emerged as significant determinants of autophagy related proteins. Identification of a comprehensive spectrum of genetic variations and PTMs of autophagy related proteins and their impact at molecular level will greatly expand our understanding of autophagy based regulation. In this study, we attempted to identify high risk missense mutations that are highly damaging to the structure as well as function of autophagy related proteins including LC3A, LC3B, BECN1 and SCD1. Number of putative structural and functional residues, including several sites that undergo PTMs were also identified. In total, 16 high-risk SNPs in LC3A, 18 in LC3B, 40 in BECN1 and 43 in SCD1 were prioritized. Out of these, 2 in LC3A (K49A, K51A), 1 in LC3B (S92C), 6 in BECN1 (S113R, R292C, R292H, Y338C, S346Y, Y352H) and 6 in SCD1 (Y41C, Y55D, R131W, R135Q, R135W, Y151C) coincide with potential PTM sites. Our integrated analysis found LC3B Y113C, BECN1 I403T, SCD1 R126S and SCD1 Y218C as highly deleterious HCC-associated mutations. This study is the first extensive in silico mutational analysis of the LC3A, LC3B, BECN1 and SCD1 proteins. We hope that the observed results will be a valuable resource for in-depth mechanistic insight into future investigations of pathological missense SNPs using an integrated computational platform.
Optimization of Polymer-ECM Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Effect of Cells and Culture Conditions on Polymeric Nanofiber Mats
Authors: Goyal Ritu , Guvendiren Murat , Freeman Onyi , Mao Yong , Kohn Joachim
Published: January 2017

The design of composite tissue scaffolds containing an extracellular matrix (ECM) and synthetic polymer fibers is a new approach to create bioactive scaffolds that can enhance cell function. Currently, studies investigating the effects of ECM-deposition and decellularization on polymer degradation are still lacking, as are data on optimizing the stability of the ECM-containing composite scaffolds during prolonged cell culture. In this study, we develop fibrous scaffolds using three polymer compositions, representing slow (E0000), medium (E0500), and fast (E1000) degrading materials, to investigate the stability, degradation, and mechanics of the scaffolds during ECM deposition and decellularization, and during the complete cellularization-decell-recell cycle. We report data on percent molecular weight (% Mw) retention of polymeric fiber mats, changes in scaffold stiffness, ECM deposition, and the presence of fibronectin after decellularization. We concluded that the fast degrading E1000 (Mw retention ≤ 50% after 28 days) was not sufficiently stable to allow scaffold handling after 28 days in culture, while the slow degradation of E0000 (Mw retention ≥ 80% in 28 days) did not allow deposited ECM to replace the polymer support. The scaffolds made from medium degrading E0500 (Mw retention about 60% at 28 days) allowed the gradual replacement of the polymer network with cell-derived ECM while maintaining the polymer network support. Thus, polymers with an intermediate rate of degradation, maintaining good scaffold handling properties after 28 days in culture, seem best suited for creating ECM-polymer composite scaffolds.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Marine Drugs in 2016
Authors:   Marine Drugs Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Marine Drugs would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. [...]
Study of Adsorption of Hydrogen on Al, Cu, Mg, Ti Surfaces in Al Alloy Melt via First Principles Calculation
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Yuanchun , Xiao Zhengbing , Reng Xianwei
Published: January 2017

Adsorption of hydrogen on Al(111), Cu(111), Mg(0001), and Ti(0001) surfaces have been investigated by means of first principles calculation. The calculation of surface energy indicates that Mg(0001) is the most stable surface, while Ti(0001) is the most unstable surface among all the four calculated surfaces. The obtained adsorption energy shows that the interaction between Al and H atoms should be energetically unfavorable, and the adsorption of hydrogen on Mg(0001) surface was found to be energetically preferred. Besides, the stability of hydrogen adsorption on studied surfaces increased in the order of Al(111), Ti(0001), Cu(111), Mg(0001). Calculation results also reveal that hydrogen adsorption on fcc and hcp sites are energetically stable compared with top and bridge sites for Ti(0001), Cu(111), and Mg(0001), while hydrogen adsorbing at the top site of Al(111) is the most unstable state compared with other sites. The calculated results agreed well with results from experiments and values in other calculations.
Antioxidant and Anti-Osteoporotic Activities of Aromatic Compounds and Sterols from Hericium erinaceum
Authors: Li Wei , Lee Sang , Jang Hae , Ma Jin , Kim Young
Published: January 2017

Hericium erinaceum, commonly called lion’s mane mushroom, is a traditional edible mushroom widely used in culinary applications and herbal medicines in East Asian countries. In this study, a new sterol, cerevisterol 6-cinnamate (6), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceum together with five aromatic compounds 1–5 and five sterols 7–11. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using chemical and physical methods and comparison of HRESIMS, 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, and DEPT) and 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectra with previously reported data. The antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic activities of extracts and the isolated compounds 1–11 were investigated. All compounds exhibited peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity but only compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed potent reducing capacity. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed moderate effects on cellular antioxidant activity and inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastic differentiation. These results suggested that H. erinaceum could be utilized in the development of natural antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Recycling in 2016
Authors:   Recycling Editorial Office,
Published: January 2017

The editors of Recycling would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...]
Quick Green Scan: A Methodology for Improving Green Performance in Terms of Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kluczek Aldona
Published: January 2017

The heating sector has begun implementing technologies and practices to tackle the environmental and social–economic problems caused by their production process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology, “the Quick-Green-Scan”, that caters for the need of quick assessment decision-makers to improve green manufacturing performance in companies that produce heating devices. The study uses a structured approach that integrates Life Cycle Assessment-based indicators, framework and linguistic scales (fuzzy numbers) to evaluate the extent of greening of the enterprise. The evaluation criteria and indicators are closely related to the current state of technology, which can be improved. The proposed methodology has been created to answer the question whether a company acts on the opportunity to be green and whether these actions are contributing towards greening, maintaining the status quo or moving away from a green outcome. Results show that applying the proposed improvements in processes helps move the facility towards being a green enterprise. Moreover, the methodology, being particularly quick and simple, is a practical tool for benchmarking, not only in the heating industry, but also proves useful in providing comparisons for facility performance in other manufacturing sectors.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Viruses in 2016
Authors:   Viruses Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Viruses would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Groundwater Governance and the Growth of Center Pivot Irrigation in Cimarron County, OK and Union County, NM: Implications for Community Vulnerability to Drought
Authors: Wenger Kathryn , Vadjunec Jacqueline , Fagin Todd
Published: January 2017

Cimarron County, Oklahoma and Union County, New Mexico, neighboring counties in the Southern High Plains, are part of a vital agricultural region in the United States. This region experiences extended periods of cyclical drought threatening its ability to produce, creating an incentive for extensive center pivot irrigation (CPI). Center pivots draw from the rapidly depleting High Plains Aquifer System. As a result, the prospect of long-term sustainability for these agricultural communities is questionable. We use Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to quantify growth in land irrigated by CPI between the 1950s and 2014, and key informant interviews to explore local perspectives on the causes and impact of such growth. In Cimarron County, OK, CPI increased by the mid-1980s, and has continually increased since. Results suggest adaptation to drought, a depleting aquifer, high corn prices, and less rigid groundwater regulations contribute to CPI growth. Conversely, CPI in Union County, NM, increased until 2010, and then declined. Results also suggest that drought-related agricultural changes and more aggressive well drilling regulations contribute to this decrease. Nevertheless, in both counties, there is a growing concern over the depleting aquifer, the long-term sustainability of CPI, and the region’s economic future.
CONSTRUCTION OF NORDSIECK SECOND DERIVATIVE GENERAL LINEAR METHODS WITH INHERENT QUADRATIC STABILITY
Authors: Movahedinejad Akram , Hojjati Gholamreza , Abdi Ali
Published: January 2017

This paper describes the construction of second derivative general linear methods in Nordsieck form with stability properties determined by quadratic stability functions. This is achieved by imposing the so–called inherent quadratic stability conditions. After satisfying order and inherent quadratic stability conditions, the remaining free parameters are used to find the methods with L–stable property. Examples of methods with p = q = s = r − 1 up to order four are given.
MODELLING THE PHOTOVOLTAIC OUTPUT POWER USING THE DIFFERENTIAL POLYNOMIAL NETWORK AND EVOLUTIONARY FUZZY RULES
Authors: Zjavka Ladislav , Kromer Pavel , Mišak Stanislav , Snašel Vaclav
Published: January 2017

The unstable production of renewable energy sources, which is difficult to model using conventional computational techniques, may be predicted to advantage by means of biologically inspired soft-computing methods. The photovoltaic output power is primarily dependent on the solar direct or global radiation, which short-term numerical forecasts are possible to apply for daily power predictions. The study compares two methods, which can successfully model dynamic fluctuant variances of the solar irradiance and corresponding output power time-series. Differential polynomial network is a new neural network class, which defines and substitutes for the general partial differential equation to model an unknown system function. Its total output is composed from selected neurons, i.e. relative polynomial substitution terms, formed in all network layers of a multi-layer structure. The proposed derivative polynomial regression using relative dimensionless fraction units, formed according to the Similarity analysis, can describe and generalize data relations on a wider range of values than defined by the training interval when using standard soft-computing composing techniques that apply only absolute data. 1-variable time-series observations are possible to model by time derivatives of a converted ordinary differential equation, solved analogously with partial derivative substitution terms of several time-point variables.
Probabilités d’orientation déjouées… Des bacheliers professionnels en STAPS et en classe préparatoire aux écoles supérieures d’art
Authors: Danner Magali , Érard Carine , Guégnard Christine
Published: January 2017

10 % des bacheliers professionnels entrent à l’Université, avec une orientation souvent vécue par défaut et de faibles probabilités de valider un diplôme. Parmi eux, quelques-uns déjouent les probabilités d’orientation en s’inscrivant en STAPS ou en classe préparatoire aux écoles d’art. « Outsiders sociaux et scolaires », mais « ayants droit » du sport ou de l’art, ces bacheliers se présentent comme des étudiants déterminés au point de rejeter les réserves exprimées à leur encontre. Leurs propos révèlent l’espace des possibles et la liberté des jeunes de choisir des études qu’ils ont des raisons de préférer au moment de la transition entre le secondaire et le supérieur. Mobilisant ainsi une stratégie de détour dans un contexte où continuer ses études est devenu une norme de génération, ils s’autorisent d’autres destins scolaires que ceux préfigurés par leur cursus dans l’enseignement professionnel.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Dinwiddie Stephen H.
Published: January 2017

Any lifetime history of injection drug use (IDU) is associated with markedly elevated rates of addiction to alcohol and other substances on a lifetime basis. In this population, substance use tends to manifest early in life, as do conduct problems such as school disciplinary problems, theft, fighting, and juvenile arrest. Many people who inject drugs will ultimately merit a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. Rates of depressive illness and anxiety disorders are also high in this population, and IDU is associated with high rates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. The severity of social, medical, and psychiatric disability in this population poses significant treatment challenges.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(1):27–32.]
Cardiac Biomarkers Predict 1-Year Mortality in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Katsanos Spyridon , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Kafkas Nikolaos , Sardu Celestino , Kamperidis Vasileios , Katsanou Panagiota , Farmakis Dimitrios , Parissis John
Published: January 2017

This prospective study included 152 elderly patients (mean age, 80 years; range, 72–88 years) with a hip fracture treated surgically. Comorbidities were evaluated, and B-type natriuretic peptide was measured at baseline and at postoperative days 4 and 5 in addition to troponin I. Major cardiac events were recorded, and 1-year mortality was assessed. Comorbidity models with the important multivariate predictors of 1-year mortality were analyzed. Overall, 9 patients (6%) experienced major cardiac events postoperatively during their hospitalization. Three patients (2%) died postoperatively, at days 5, 7, and 10, from autopsy-confirmed myocardial infarction. Three patients (2%) experienced a nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 3 patients (2%) experienced acute heart failure. At 1-year follow-up, 37 patients (24%) had died. Age older than 80 years (
P
=.000), renal failure (
P
=.016), cardiovascular disease (
P
=.003), respiratory disease (
P
=.010), Parkinson disease (
P
=.024), and dementia (
P
=.000) were univariate predictors of 1-year mortality. However, in the multivariate model, only age older than 80 years (
P
=.000) and dementia (
P
=.024) were important predictors of 1-year mortality. In all comorbidity models, age older than 80 years and dementia were important predictors of 1-year mortality. Postoperative increase in B-type natriuretic peptide was the most important predictor of 1-year mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a threshold of 90 ng/mL of preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide (area under the curve=0.773, 95% confidence interval, 0.691–0.855,
P
<.001) had 82% sensitivity and 62% specificity to predict 1-year mortality. Similarly, a threshold of 190 ng/mL of postoperative B-type natriuretic peptide (area under the curve=0.753, 95% confidence interval, 0.662–0.844,
P
<.001) had 70% sensitivity and 77% specificity to predict the study endpoint. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e417–e424.]
Croissance démographique bruxelloise et inégalité d’accès à l’école maternelle
Authors: Humblet Perrine
Published: January 2017

Quelle est l’équité sociale d’accès à l’école maternelle, voie d’entrée par excellence dans le système éducatif ? À Bruxelles la croissance démographique combinée à la fracture sociale et économique met en danger l’accès pour tous à l’école maternelle. La demande de préscolarisation commence dès l’âge de 2,5 ans et est quasi généralisée dans la région alors que le nombre d’enfants a augmenté considérablement et surtout dans les communes les plus pauvres. L’étude présente l’examen des statistiques de fréquentation par commune et montre que dans de nombreuses zones la saturation des écoles maternelles est généralisée malgré l’ouverture de plus de 300 classes supplémentaires depuis 2000‑2001. Cette situation a amené les pouvoirs organisateurs à édicter de nouvelles règles d’inscriptions, principalement en première maternelle et en classe d’accueil. Une étude qualitative exploratoire montre que ces réglementations ne sont pas neutres par rapport aux conditions sociales et culturelles des familles. Elles constituent les bases d’un système inéquitable d’accès à l’école maternelle aux dépens des familles dont les enfants ont le plus besoin de découvrir l’école dès la maternelle. Elles se font également aux dépens de l’accessibilité des crèches en retardant l’âge d’accès à l’école maternelle à 3 ans et plus.
De Brusselse demografische groei en de ongelijke toegang tot de kleuterschool
Authors: Humblet Perrine
Published: January 2017

Hoe staat het met de gelijke sociale toegang tot de kleuterschool, de belangrijkste toegangspoort tot het onderwijssysteem? In Brussel bedreigt de demografische groei, gecombineerd met de sociale en economische kloof de toegang voor allen tot de kleuterschool. De vraag naar prescholing begint vanaf de leeftijd van 2,5 jaar en is bijna veralgemeend in het gewest terwijl het aantal kinderen gevoelig steeg en dat vooral in de armere gemeenten. In de studie worden de statistieken geanalyseerd in verband met het schoolbezoek per gemeente en wordt aangetoond dat in veel zones de verzadiging van de kleuterscholen veralgemeend is, en dat ondanks het openstellen van 300 extra klassen sinds 2000‑2001. Deze situatie zorgde ervoor dat de organiserende instanties een aantal nieuwe inschrijvingsregels uitvaardigden, vooral in de eerste kleuterklas en de onthaalklas. Een verkennende kwalitatieve studie toont aan dat deze reglementen niet los staan van de sociale en culturele omstandigheden van de gezinnen. Zij vormen de basis van een onbillijk toegangssysteem tot de kleuterschool ten nadele van de gezinnen waarvan de kinderen het meest nood hebben aan een kennismaking met het schoolleven vanaf de kleuterklas. Bovendien beperken ze ook de toegang tot de kinderopvang, aangezien ze vaak de instapleeftijd voor de kleuterklas verlaten naar 3 jaar en meer.
Pour une archéologie régionale du bâti
Authors: Charruadas Paulo , Demeter Stéphane
Published: January 2017

Bien que la situation bruxelloise se soit considérablement améliorée ces dernières années, la gestion – l’identification, la protection et la conservation – du patrimoine bâti d’Ancien Régime connaît toujours un certain nombre de problèmes d’ordre administratif, réglementaire et scientifique. Cet article entend démontrer l’importance du développement d’une archéologie régionale du bâti : [1] en dressant le bilan de l’étude et de la protection du patrimoine architectural ancien à Bruxelles ; [2] en identifiant les principaux problèmes qui perturbent actuellement cette gestion ; [3] en proposant plusieurs pistes de solution et en montrant le potentiel d’un tel développement pour l’avenir de la ville‑Région.
Transactions commerciales et relations sociales entre Grecs et Turcs de Bruxelles
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina
Published: January 2017

Cet article examine dans quelle mesure le « vivre ensemble » entre Grecs et Turcs à Bruxelles peut se mesurer à l’aide des transactions commerciales. La question est de savoir quel est l’impact des échanges monétaires sur les frontières symboliques séparant ces groupes sociaux et comment ces échanges ont évolué dans le temps. Si, dans les années qui ont suivi leur installation à Bruxelles, les interactions marchandes entre Grecs et Turcs furent définies par la posture d’affinité (par conviction ou par nécessité), celles qui ont lieu actuellement s’inscrivent plutôt dans le cadre d’un cosmopolitisme urbain, défini par la posture d’indifférence. Même si les transactions commerciales constituent un espace de hiérarchisation, elles fonctionnent également comme un lieu de mise en contact ou de confrontation, où chaque acteur social réinterprète son propre passé national et se positionne par rapport à l’héritage du conflit gréco-turc et de ses représentations.
Nieuwe GEN-stations voor Brussel? Uitdagingen, methodes en beperkingen
Authors: Lebrun Kevin , Dobruszkes Frédéric
Published: January 2017

Dit artikel komt terug op de nog niet beslechte discussie tussen het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest en de NMBS over de aanleg van nieuwe stedelijke stations in het kader van het GENproject. Het is onze bedoeling om een objectieve en geüpdatete evaluatie (of op zijn minst een duidelijke evaluatie volgens een transparante methode) te maken van het nut van die stations. Na een voorstelling van de problematiek en een bespreking van de mogelijke methodes presenteren we een berekening van het potentieel van elk station dat in de verschillende planologische documenten van het Brussels Gewest wordt voorgesteld.Zodoende tonen we aan dat de meeste van die stations nuttig zijn en dat een groot deel ervan zelfs nuttiger is dan de bestaande secundaire stations in Brussel. De stations met het grootste potentieel zijn echter vaak de stations die technisch gezien het moeilijkst kunnen worden aangelegd en omgekeerd.Afgezien van de objectieve resultaten benadrukken we eveneens dat de beslissing om een station (weer) in gebruik te nemen in fine in de eerste plaats afhangt van het beleid, dat zelf de weerspiegeling is van de mate waarin rekening wordt gehouden met uitdagingen van verschillende dimensies en aard. Dat wordt aangetoond door enkele casestudy’s die we toelichten.
Spirituele geografie: mobiliteit van de predikanten van de Pinksterbeweging en migratiemirakels tussen Afrika/Latijns-Amerika en Europa
Authors: Maskens Maïté
Published: January 2017

Deze bijdrage wil de samenhang tussen de migratie- en religieuze trajecten van de predikanten van vier Brusselse Pinkstergemeenschappen onderzoeken. Ze doet dat door de ruimtelijke en identiteitsaspecten van de verplaatsingen van de actoren grondig te bekijken. Aan de hand van een analyse van de verhalen van de predikanten, die ons een beeld gaven van hun omzwervingen van Subsaharaans Afrika of Latijns-Amerika tot in België, krijgen we inzicht in de vermenging van geografische verplaatsingen en “goddelijke” tussenkomsten. Op basis daarvan kunnen we nadenken over een dubbel proces dat zowel mobiliteit als religie impliceert. Eerst en vooral willen we begrijpen hoe de Pinksterbeweging deze migratie-ervaring omvormt, door deze ervaring alternatief te verwoorden. Daarnaast willen we de invloed van deze ervaring op het discours en op de religieuze praktijken beschrijven in de vestigingscontext, meer bepaald doorheen de identiteitsprocessen van de “kinderen van God”.
Resistance to police authority in Brussels (1945‑1975): the judicial construction of working-class violence
Authors: Skordou Melpomeni
Published: January 2017

The study of the repression of resistance to the police in Brussels during the period between 1945 and 1975 invalidates the hypothesis of a phenomenon of rebellion among young people. The analysis of legal cases suggests that this resistance is the result of police interference in private conflicts. Men in their thirties who are most often from a disadvantaged background, frequent the public and semi-public spaces (street and pubs) of the urbanised municipalities of Brussels during their free time. Their involvement in violent interactions with their friends or wives – an assertion of their male identity or a release of physical energy – displeases authority figures, who convey middle-class standards of behaviour and intervene in an attempt to re-establish order. People with different ways of behaving clash in public as they try to impose their way of being. Police activity contributes to the criminalisation of working-class forms of social life and leisure.
La féminisation du sans-abrisme bruxellois : une évolution à mieux définir
Authors: Lelubre Marjorie
Published: January 2017

La question de la féminisation du sans-abrisme telle que présentée dans les discours publics depuis plusieurs années doit être interrogée. Pour ce faire, l’analyse mobilise les données de fréquentation de deux opérateurs clés du secteur bruxellois, l’asile de nuit Pierre d’Angle et le Samu social, complétées par les statistiques centralisées par La Strada. Nous verrons que si, en termes d’effectifs absolus, l’hypothèse d’une augmentation peut paraître fondée, c’est nettement moins clair en terme relatif. Si le nombre de femmes sans-abri connaît effectivement une augmentation dans certains services, cette croissance se comprend surtout dans le contexte d’une augmentation générale de la population sans-abri.Au-delà des chiffres, l’article vise à mieux cerner les particularités du parcours résidentiel féminin, marqué par un appel plus important au réseau informel et une orientation plus systématique vers des structures d’hébergement à long terme comme les maisons d’accueil. La catégorisation des personnes sans-abri sera également interrogée. Enfin, les effets et impacts de l’image de la femme sur leur prise en charge au sein du réseau institutionnel seront abordés.
Feelings of injustice and conspiracy theory. Representations of adolescents from an African migrant background (Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa) in disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Brussels
Authors: Mazzocchetti Jacinthe
Published: January 2017

Following a field survey in neighbourhoods and schools in the poor area of Brussels among adolescents from an African migrant background (Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa), this article examines young people’s attempts to rationalise the discrimination and injustice they experience. As well as their direct effects in terms of social success in particular, institutional discrimination and violence have repercussions on representations of oneself and of the world. The accumulation of experiences of discrimination and xenophobia – in particular when carried out by institutions – is interpreted by certain adolescents as being a conspiracy resulting in a reinforcement of “them/us” stratifications and logics of mistrust.