bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to preventive care utilization among Hong Kong community‐dwelling older people and their views on using financial incentives to improve preventive care utilization
Authors: Liao Qiuyan , Lau Wingyan , McGhee Sarah , Yap Maurice , Sum Rita , Liang Jun , Lian Jinxiao
Published: May 2021

Background

Financial incentive is increasingly used as a mean to promote preventive care utilization (PCU), but the current Elderly Health Care Voucher Scheme (EHCVS) in Hong Kong is ineffective for encouraging PCU.

Objective

To explore the older people's barriers to PCU and their views on financial incentive, including EHCVS, for improving private PCU.

Design and setting

Focus‐group discussions were conducted in community elderly centres located in five districts of Hong Kong.

Participants

Community‐dwelling older people aged 60 years or above.

Results

Lack of understanding about preventive care and low awareness of the need for preventive care were key factors for the low motivation for PCU. Uncertainty over the level of service fee charged and concerns over service quality hindered the choice of using the private service providers under the current EHCVS. Financial incentives specific for preventive care services were thought to be cues to actions and guides for service promotion. However, some flexibility in service coverage and a set time limit of the financial incentives were preferred to accommodate individual needs.

Conclusions

Apart from promoting knowledge of preventive care, official monitoring for service fee and quality is important for empowering older people to choose private service providers for preventive care. Financial incentives for preventive care services should be more specific to cue service promotion and uptake of preventive care while maintaining flexibility to accommodate individual needs.

Patient or public contribution

Participants were recruited using purposive sampling with the coordination of community elderly centres. Data were analysed using thematic coding.
Impact of freeze‐drying shelf temperature on the bioactive compounds, physical properties and sensory evaluation of a product based on orange juice
Authors: Uscanga Mariana A. , Salvador Ana , Camacho María del Mar , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria
Published: May 2021

Freeze‐drying is a good alternative means of obtaining fruit products, with a significant amount of thermolabile bioactive compounds. Despite the excellent benefits, this method provides the dehydrated product, and its main drawback is its high cost due to the duration of the process. Heat may be applied to the shelf so as to shorten the process time, as long as this does not affect the quality of the product. In this study, the impact of the freeze‐drying shelf temperature, 30 and 50 °C, on the bioactive compounds of the product obtained from an orange juice formulated with gum Arabic and bamboo fibre has been considered, as has the temperature’s effect on the porosity, colour and mechanical properties of the cake and on the flowability and the rehydration capacity of the powder, together with the sensory evaluation of the rehydrated product. The results obtained point to 50 °C as being the recommended temperature for the freeze‐drying of this product. This temperature shortens the process time by 64%, promotes the vitamin C content with no effect on the total phenols and carotenoids, leads to the cakes having better mechanical properties and does not affect the flowability and the rehydration behaviour of the powdered product.
Physicochemical composition and nutritional properties of foal burgers enhanced with healthy oil emulsion hydrogels
Authors: Cittadini Aurora , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Pateiro Mirian , Sarriés María V. , Domínguez Rubén , Lorenzo José M.
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the effect of animal fat replacement by oil mixture emulsion hydrogels on quality characteristics of foal burgers. Three batches were manufactured: control (CON) – 100% of pork fat; treatments 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) – pork fat was totally replaced using oil mixture emulsions, avocado (T1) or pumpkin seed (T2) mixed with algal oil. These fat replacements were accompanied by a significant decrease in fat content (P < 0.001) and colour parameters (P < 0.05). Any significant differences in texture were observed in reformulated patties, except for gumminess (P < 0.05) and chewiness (P < 0.001). Moreover, a healthier fatty acid profile was reached (P < 0.001), saturated fat decreased, mono‐ (T1) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (T2) increased and an improvement of all health indices was observed. However, the sensory acceptability of burgers was unaffected (P > 0.05). Thus, these fat reformulations represent a promising strategy to obtain healthier foal burgers with improved nutritional characteristics without affecting sensory properties.
Physicochemical properties of hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides from oyster protein
Authors: Wang Ziye , Cheng Shuzhen , Wu Di , Xu Zhe , Xu Shiqi , Tu Maolin , Du Ming
Published: May 2021

The physicochemical properties of the hydrophilic peptides (HIPs) and the hydrophobic peptides (HOPs) from the oyster protein hydrolysates (OPHs) were analysed. The technology of high‐performance liquid chromatography and dynamic light scattering was used to determine the molecular weights and the particle sizes of HIP and HOP. About 60–70% of them had a molecular weight below 500 Da and the particle size was all about 100 nm, which were smaller than OPH. Furthermore, compared with OPH and HIP, HOPs have obvious advantages in surface hydrophobic and emulsifying properties because they have more hydrophobic groups on the surface. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of HOP can be significantly improved from 3.80 to 42.88 m2 g−1 and 131.17–163.70 min, respectively, because of its high surface hydrophobicity. Thus, our results suggest that HOPs have a great potential to be developed as an emulsifier.
A process‐oriented, multilevel, multidimensional conceptual framework of work–life balance support: A multidisciplinary systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Fan Yuyang , Potočnik Kristina , Chaudhry Sara
Published: May 2021

Work–life balance is shaped not only by how individuals manage their personal demands and resources, but also by stressors and work–life balance support mechanisms from external environment encompassing multilevel social systems. Our systematic literature review focuses particularly on the role ofwork–life balance support, drawing on 384 journal articles and book chapters published between 1960 and 2019 across five research disciplines, including management, applied psychology, industrial relations, family studies and sociology. We make four major contributions to the literature, including: (1) conceptualizing work–life balance support from aprocess‐orientedperspective pertinent to a virtuous cycle of resource investment and return, drawing on theconservation of resources theoryand thepersonal resource allocation framework; (2) adopting amultilevelapproach that construes the interactions in terms of resource changes between individuals’ work–life experiences and their surrounding social systems nested at multiple levels, applying thesocio‐ecological systems theory; (3) proposing amultidimensionaltypology that differentiates the role of actual existence versus subjective perception of support mechanisms as inspired by social support literature; and (4) advocating apluralist,multi‐stakeholderapproach to comprehending and reconciling multiple stakeholders’ shared and competing interests around provision/utilization of support mechanisms based on insights frommultidisciplinaryliterature. Our process‐oriented, multilevel and multidimensional framework conceptualizes the critical role of work–life balance support in iterative interactions between individuals and their multilevel social environment through resource changes and reality–perception transformation. This conceptual framework also underscores the importance of pluralist thinking, context specification and cost‐effectiveness analysis for future research.
Outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation in Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania: a single‐centre, retrospective review in the Australian setting
Authors: Tan Xuan Ni , Yew Chang Yang , Ragg Scott J. , Harrup Rosemary A. , Johnston Anna M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Several international centres have published their experiences with outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as treatment of haematological malignancies.

Aim

In this single‐centre retrospective review, we aim to examine the outcomes of outpatient autograft and review healthcare resource utilisation in the pre‐cytopenic period.

Methods

Patients undergoing ASCT in Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania between 2008 and 2018 had their records reviewed and key outcomes data collected based on whether they received inpatient/outpatient ASCT. An outpatient ASCT was defined as conditioning as an outpatient; patients could then be managed with an elective admission during the cytopenic period or admission only when clinically indicated.

Results

Of 231 ASCT performed, 135 (58%) were as outpatients: 59 used carmustine‐etoposide‐cytarabine‐melphalan conditioning for lymphoma (BEAM‐ASCT) and 76 used high‐dose melphalan for myeloma and amyloidosis (MEL‐ASCT). Approximately one‐third of patients undergoing outpatient ASCT were admitted electively during nadir period; the majority of patients required minimal interventions prior to this time. The most common causes for unplanned hospitalisation (which occurred in 71 (80%) of the 89 planned outpatient transplants) were febrile neutropenia (39%) and mucositis (35%). Age was the only risk factor identified to increase risk of requiring unplanned hospitalisation. Use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis reduced febrile neutropenia rates among melphalan outpatient ASCT. Outpatient ASCT led to significantly reduced inpatient bed‐days and overall cost (approximately A$13 000–A$16 000) compared with inpatient autografts, with no significant differences in engraftment, rates of febrile neutropenia, intensive care admissions or mortality.

Conclusion

Outpatient autografts may save healthcare resources without compromising patient outcomes.
Evaluation of the Arabic short‐form version of the Family Impact Scale (FIS‐8)
Authors: Mansur Eman K. M. , Thomson William M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Oral diseases can have a negative impact on both children and their families. The Family Impact Scale (FIS) is a commonly used measure to evaluate the parent/caregiver's perception of the impact of children's oral health on the family. A short‐form version (the FIS‐8) has been developed and translated into Arabic.

Aim

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the FIS‐8.

Design

Cross‐sectional study of a random sample of two hundred and forty‐six 12 years‐old Libyan schoolchildren and their parents/caregivers (in 2019). Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires while their children underwent clinical examinations for dental caries experience and gingival status. Internal consistency of the FIS‐8 was assessed. For discriminant validity, overall score and subscale scores of FIS‐8 were compared across categorised oral disease levels. Construct validity was tested by assessing the associations of overall score and subscale scores with global ratings of overall well‐being. Test‐retest reliability was evaluated using a random sample of 10% of participants.

Results

The overall summary scale and subscales of FIS‐8 succeeded in discriminating among ordinal categories of child dental caries experience, and a clear gradient was observed in mean FIS‐8 scores across gingival status categories. There were moderate, positive correlations between the parents' and caregivers’ overall score and subscale scores and the ratings for overall well‐being (r = 0.39). The overall scale showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) and excellent test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.93).

Conclusions

The Arabic version of the FIS‐8 demonstrated acceptable properties and is likely to be suitable for wider use.
Thermally stimulated depolarization current measurements on degraded lead zirconate titanate films
Authors: Akkopru‐Akgun Betul , Marincel Daniel M. , Tsuji Kosuke , Bayer Thorsten J. M. , Randall Clive A. , Lanagan Michael T. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan
Published: May 2021

Charge transport mechanisms governing DC resistance degradation in ferroelectric films are influenced by defects, particularly oxygen vacancies. This paper demonstrates that oxygen vacancies migrate in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films under a DC bias field and contribute to resistance degradation. Model PZT thin films were developed in which the concentration and distribution of oxygen vacancies were controlled via (a) changing the dopant type and concentration from 1%–4% Mn (acceptor) to 1%–4% Nb (donor) or (b) annealing undoped PZT films at varying partial pressures of PbO. The presence of associated (immobile) and dissociated (mobile) oxygen vacancies was distinguished by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements. The impact of mobile oxygen vacancies on local defect chemistry and associated charge transport mechanisms was explored by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). For Mn‐doped PZT films, following resistance degradation, TSDC studies revealed only one depolarization peak with an activation energy of 0.6–0.8 eV; this peak was associated with ionic space charge presumably due to migration of oxygen vacancies. The magnitude of the depolarization current peak increased with increasing degradation times. A similar depolarization current peak attributed to the existence of mobile oxygen vacancies was also observed for undoped and Nb‐doped PZT films; the magnitude of this peak decreased as the Nb or PbO contents in PZT films increased. An additional TSDC peak associated with polaron hopping between Ti3+ and Ti4+ was found in both Nb‐doped PZT films and undoped PZT films annealed under low PbO partial pressure. Degraded Nb‐doped samples exhibited a chemical shift in the TiL2,3 peak to lower energy losses and the appearance of shoulders on the t2g and eg peaks, implying a reduction of Ti cations in regions near the cathode.
The effect of Internet addiction on eating attitude and body image in university students
Authors: Ayran Gülsün , Süleyman Zeynep , Avcı Ümit , Arık Umut
Published: May 2021

Problem

The research was carried out to determine the effect of internet addiction on eating attitude and body perception.

Methods

This study is descriptive, conducted with undergraduate students (n = 400) in a university in eastern Turkey. The data were collected by using Descriptive Questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test—Short‐Form (YIAT‐SF), Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT‐26), and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS). In addition, students' height and weight measurements were collected.

Findings

It was determined that there was positively at a very weak level a significant correlation between YIAT‐SF total score and EAT‐26 total score. There was a negative, weak significant correlation between the total score of YIAT‐SF and the BCS total score (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In students, internet addiction is related to eating behavior disorder and reduces satisfaction with body image. For this reason, education programs should be organized by health professionals to prevent internet addiction and psychological and physiological problems related to excessive internet use.
Predictive value of attended automated office blood pressure and resting pulse rate for mortality in community‐dwelling octogenarians: Minhang study
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Ling , Cheng Minna , Wang Yajuan , An Dewei , Cai Enheng , Wang Yuheng , Zhang Jin , Tang Xiaofeng , Li Yan , Zhu Dingliang
Published: May 2021

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and resting pulse rate (RPR) have been linked to mortality and cardiovascular events in younger population. Till now, no studies simultaneously investigate the non‐linear association of SBP and RPR with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among population aged 80 and older. Data of 2828 eligible participants were selected from electronic health records linked attended automated office blood pressure measurement system. The dose‐response relationship between the SBP, RPR, and the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was analyzed by Cox model with restricted cubic splines. During the 3.6‐year follow‐up, 442 deaths occurred. Comparing with the optimal SBP (117‐145 mmHg), the lower (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.81) and higher SBP (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.65) were significantly associated with an increasing risk of all‐cause mortality. The higher SBP (>144 mmHg) was associated with cardiovascular mortality, with the HR (95% CI) as 1.51 (1.07‐2.12). The faster RPR showed the higher risk of all‐cause (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.76) and cardiovascular (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.13) mortality. We found both higher SBP and faster RPR were independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, and lower SBP was only associated with the increased risk of all‐cause mortality in oldest old community‐dwelling Chinese population. Our results demonstrate the prognostic importance of both SBP and RPR in the elderly.
Prognostic value of tumour microenvironment‐related genes by TCGA database in rectal cancer
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Tao , Liu Yi , Zhang Jiantao , Zuo Didi
Published: May 2021

Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumour and the progression is highly affected by the tumour microenvironment (TME). This study intended to assess the relationship between TME and prognosis, and explore prognostic genes of rectal cancer. The gene expression profile of rectal cancer was obtained from TCGA and immune/stromal scores were calculated by Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. The correlation between immune/stromal scores and survival time as well as clinical characteristics were evaluated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified according to the stromal/immune scores, and the functional enrichment analyses were conducted to explore functions and pathways of DEGs. The survival analyses were conducted to clarify the DEGs with prognostic value, and the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was performed to explore the interrelation of prognostic DEGs. Finally, we validated prognostic DEGs using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by PrognoScan, and we verified these genes at the protein levels using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. We downloaded gene expression profiles of 83 rectal cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Kaplan‐Meier plot demonstrated that low‐immune score was associated with worse clinical outcome (P = .034), metastasis (M1 vs. M0, P = .031) and lymphatic invasion (+ vs. ‐, P < .001). A total of 540 genes were screened as DEGs with 539 up‐regulated genes and 1 down‐regulated gene. In addition, 60 DEGs were identified associated with overall survival. Functional enrichment analyses and PPI networks showed that the DEGs are mainly participated in immune process, and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction. Finally, 19 prognostic genes were verified by GSE17536 and GSE17537 from GEO, and five genes (ADAM23, ARHGAP20, ICOS, IRF4, MMRN1) were significantly different in tumour tissues compared with normal tissues at the protein level. In summary, our study demonstrated the associations between TME and prognosis as well as clinical characteristics of rectal cancer. Moreover, we explored and verified microenvironment‐related genes, which may be the potential key prognostic genes of rectal cancer. Further clinical samples and functional studies are needed to validate this finding.
Krϋppel‐like factor 15 suppresses renal glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via enhancing P53 SUMO1 conjugation
Authors: Wu Lingling , Li Ou , Zhu Fengge , Wang Xu , Chen Pu , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei , Hong Quan
Published: May 2021

Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is a key pathological feature in a number of common human renal diseases, including mesangial proliferative nephritis and diabetic nephropathies. Knowledge of MC responses to pathological stimuli is crucial to the understanding of these disease processes. We previously determined that Krϋppel‐like factor 15 (KLF15), a kidney‐enriched zinc‐finger transcription factor, was required for inhibition of MC proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the direct target gene and the underlying mechanism by which KLF15 regulated mesangial proliferation. First, we screened small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (SUMO1) as the direct transcriptional target of KLF15 and validated this finding with ChIP‐PCR and luciferase assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpressing KLF15 or SUMO1 enhanced the stability of P53, which blocked the cell cycle of human renal MCs (HRMCs) and therefore abolished cell proliferation. Conversely, knockdown of SUMO1 in HRMCs, even those overexpressed with KLF15, could not inhibit HRMC proliferation rates and increase SUMOylation of P53. Finally, the results showed that the levels of SUMOylated P53 in the kidney cortices of anti‐Thy 1 model rats were decreased during proliferation periods. These findings reveal the critical mechanism by which KLF15 targets SUMO1 to mediate the proliferation of MCs.
Experimental tests of selection against heterospecific aggression as a driver of avian colour pattern divergence
Authors: Kenyon Haley L. , Martin Paul R.
Published: May 2021

Signal divergence is thought to reduce the costs of co‐occurrence for closely related species and may thereby be important in the generation and maintenance of new biodiversity. In birds, closely related, sympatric species are more divergent in their colour patterns than those that live apart, but the selective pressures driving sympatric divergence in colour pattern are not well‐understood. Here, we conducted field experiments on naïve birds using spectrometer‐matched, painted, 3D‐printed models to test whether selection against heterospecific aggression might drive colour pattern divergence in the genus Poecile. We found that territorial male black‐capped chickadees (P. atricapillus) are equally likely to attack sympatric and allopatric congeners, and wintering flocks are equally likely to visit feeders occupied by sympatric and allopatric congeners, despite sympatric congeners being more divergent in colour pattern. These results suggest that either the concerted evolution of additional traits (e.g. discrimination), or interactions in sympatry that promote learning, is required if colour pattern divergence among sympatric species is to reduce heterospecific aggression. Alternatively, colour pattern divergence among sympatric species may be caused by other selective pressures, such as selection against hybridization or habitat partitioning and secondary signal adaptation.
Three‐day postoperative antibiotics reduces post‐hepatectomy infection rate in hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zebin , Jiang Hong , Wang Yuanqi , Liang Ruiming , Xu Lixia , Lai Jiaming , Shen Jingxian , Li Jiali , Li Dongming , Li Shaoqiang , Lei Kai , Zhou Qian , Peng Baogang , Peng Hong , Peng Sui , Kuang Ming
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim

The evidences for use of postoperative antibiotics (POA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent hepatectomy are controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between POA and hepatectomy‐related infection in a hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC population.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 934 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy for curative intent from three tertiary hospitals in China. The incidences of postoperative infection including surgical site infection and remote site infection were recorded and calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore related factors of postoperative infection and POA. And the relationship between infection rates with different durations of POA was investigated.

Results

The overall infection rate was 8.2% (77/934), including 6.5% (61/934) of surgical site infection and 2.0% (19/934) of remote site infection. Multivariable analysis revealed that the administration of POA was negatively related with the incidence of postoperative infection significantly (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.30 to 0.83; P = 0.008). Albumin‐bilirubin score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage and extent of hepatectomy were independently related to the POA. And 3‐day regimen seemed to be the shortest duration of POA to gain the lowest incidence of postoperative infection.

Conclusions

Postoperative antibiotic is necessary for HBV‐related HCC patients to prevent postoperative infection, especially for those with higher albumin‐bilirubin score, at BCLC stage B–C, or who underwent major hepatectomy. For HBV‐related HCC patients, postoperative second‐generation cephalosporins, or ceftriaxone for 3 days after surgery might be proper.
Cardiovascular disease among pregnant women after anticancer therapy
Authors: Aoki‐Kamiya Chizuko , Shioyama Wataru , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Yoshimatsu Jun
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in cancer therapies have enabled many women diagnosed with malignancies during childhood and adolescence to survive longer and therefore to reach an age where they wish to conceive. When providing cancer treatment such as anticancer drugs and radiotherapy, attention is often paid to preserving future fertility, but little is known about maternal pregnancy risks, and in particular cardiovascular complications. Recent studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmias often occur during and soon after anticancer therapy. This has led to the emergence of the specialized field of “onco‐cardiology” or “cardio‐oncology,” in which oncologists and cardiologists collaborate, as well as the publication of multiple clinical practice guidelines. The interdisciplinary onco‐cardiology team plays an important role in further improving the prognosis of cancer survivors. The current recommendation for women after anticancer therapy who wish to conceive is to undergo cardiovascular screening, regardless of whether there is a history of cardiovascular complications or not, in order to provide preconception counseling. Pregnancies in cancer‐survivors, who experience cardiovascular complications, should be managed perinatally by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians and cardiologists. Absence of cardiovascular disease on screening does not preclude the possibility that new cardiac dysfunction may occur during the perinatal period, especially in women with a history of high‐dose anthracycline drug administration and/or radiation therapy. In such high‐risk cases, follow‐up of cardiac function throughout the perinatal period is required.
Mindfulness and positive activities at work: Intervention effects on motivation‐related constructs, sleep quality, and fatigue
Authors: Michel Alexandra , Groß Clarissa , Hoppe Annekatrin , González‐Morales M. Gloria , Steidle Anna , O’Shea Deirdre
Published: May 2021

Positive psychology research is increasingly being transferred to organizational contexts, and organizations are increasingly striving for healthier and more motivated employees. In this study, a three‐week self‐instructed online intervention which combines positive activities and mindfulness was developed and evaluated using a randomized‐controlled group design with employees. All exercises could be easily integrated into the daily working routine. The intervention is based on broaden‐and‐build theory, the two‐component model of mindfulness and the positive‐activity model. Results indicate that the intervention is effective in increasing work engagement, hope and sleep quality as well as in reducing fatigue. Practical implications for human resource departments and corporate health management are discussed.

Practitioner points

A three‐week mindfulness intervention can increase work engagement, hope, sleep quality, and reduce fatigue.

Such activities can easily be integrated into the workday and thus, represent a realistic way for employees to improve motivation and reduce health impairment.

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Customer heterogeneity and innovation‐based competitive strategy: A review, synthesis, and research agenda
Authors: Wijekoon Amali , Salunke Sandeep , Athaide Gerard A.
Published: May 2021

Managing customer heterogeneity (CH), that is, differences among customers (e.g., consumers, business firms) is an important, yet challenging consideration for firms seeking innovation‐based competitive advantage. To facilitate better understanding of the opportunities and challenges that CH presents, we conducted a systematic review of the literature linking CH with innovation‐based competitive advantage. Initially, we synthesize extant CH literature to propose a multidimensional conceptualization and definition of the CH construct comprising three dimensions: customer need heterogeneity, customer knowledge heterogeneity, and customer relationship heterogeneity. Customer need heterogeneity refers to the extent to which customers’ needs/preferences for a product offering differ from each other, customer knowledge heterogeneity indicates the degree to which customers have different knowledge levels regarding how their needs can be satisfied, and customer relationship heterogeneity indicates the extent to which customers have different preferences toward engaging in relationships with the firm. Next, we present an integrative summary of the empirically tested as well as theoretically proposed links between each CH dimension and its antecedents/outcomes. Finally, we draw upon the paradox literature to identify specific tensions associated with each CH dimension and rely on the dynamic capabilities literature to suggest how these tensions can be effectively managed. Collectively, we contribute to the emerging resource‐based perspective of CH by offering a propositional model of how CH can be managed for innovation‐based competitive advantage.
Modest sleep restriction does not influence steps, physical activity intensity or glucose tolerance in obese adults
Authors: Porter Jay W. , Pettit‐Mee Ryan J. , Emerson Travis S. , McCrae Christina S. , Lastra Guido , Vieira‐Potter Victoria J. , Parks Elizabeth J. , Kanaley Jill A.
Published: May 2021

Sleep restriction (SR) (<6 h) and physical activity (PA) are risk factors for obesity, but little work has examined the inter‐related influences of both risk factors. In a free‐living environment, 13 overweight/obese adults were sleep restricted for five nights to 6 h time‐in‐bed each night, with and without regular exercise (45 min/65% VO2max; counterbalanced design). Two days of recovery sleep followed SR. Subjects were measured during a mixed meal tolerance test (MMT), resting metabolic rate, cognitive testing and fat biopsy (n=8). SR increased peak glucose response (+7.3 mg/dl, p = .04), elevated fasting non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (+0.1 mmol/L, p = .001) and enhanced fat oxidation (p < .001) without modifying step counts or PA intensity. Inclusion of daily exercise increased step count (+4,700 steps/day, p < .001) and decreased the insulin response to a meal (p = .01) but did not prevent the increased peak glucose response or elevated NEFA levels. The weekend recovery period improved fasting glucose (p = .02), insulin (p = .02), NEFA concentrations (p = .001) and HOMA‐IR (p < .01) despite reduced steps (p < .01) and increased sedentary time (p < .01). Abdominal adipose tissue (AT) samples, obtained after baseline, SR and exercise, did not differ in lipolytic capacity following SR. Fatty acid synthase protein content tended to increase following SR (p = .07), but not following exercise. In a free‐living setting, SR adversely affected circulating NEFAs, fuel oxidation and peak glucose response but did not directly affect glucose tolerance or AT lipolysis. SR‐associated metabolic impairments were not mitigated by exercise, yet recovery sleep completely rescued its adverse effects on glucose metabolism.
Geographical indications as a strategy for market enhancement‐lessons from rice GIs in Kerala
Authors: Radhika Aalthady Maloor , Thomas K. Jesy , Raju Rajesh K.
Published: May 2021

Geographical indication (GI) is a collective right and its success depends largely on collective action of the target groups and effective governance by the implementing agency. The present study highlights the shortcomings in the institutional, technical and participatory aspects of GIs in the Indian context using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The rice GIs of Kerala viz., Navara Rice, Palakkadan Matta Rice, Pokkali Rice, Wayanad Jeerakasala Rice, Wayanad Gandhakasala Rice, and Kaipad Rice are selected for the study. The objective of GI recognition was achieved from the protection point of view, but as the registered proprietors has not initiated participatory process with regard to marketing and promotion no effects in this regard is achieved except Kaipad rice. The average prices of all the rice GIs in Kerala have increased post GI registration. But the question is that whether the price was sufficient to sustain the farming of these specialty rice. These products reach the end consumers at a very high price, but these benefits are not reaching the producer. Lack of focussed interventions from the institutional arrangements post GI recognition has camouflaged the potential outcomes.
Broad Bayesian learning (BBL) for nonparametric probabilistic modeling with optimized architecture configuration
Authors: Kuok Sin‐Chi , Yuen Ka‐Veng
Published: May 2021

Broad Bayesian learning (BBL), a novel probabilistic Bayesian neural network methodology with optimized architecture configuration, is proposed. It has an expandable feedforward broad learning network. Therefore, the uncertain estimates can be quantified in terms of probability distributions and network architecture augmentation can be adopted incrementally by use of the inherited information from the previously trained network. Furthermore, a learning network architecture configuration optimization scheme is proposed to determine the optimal architecture configuration. Based on the plausibilities of the concerned configurations, the most plausible one can be obtained, and it indicates the proper augmentation to develop the optimal configuration. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, three simulation examples and an application with in‐field structural health monitoring measurement are presented.
A discrete lattice model for assessment of buildability performance of 3D‐printed concrete
Authors: Chang Ze , Xu Yading , Chen Yu , Gan Yidong , Schlangen Erik , Šavija Branko
Published: May 2021

In this work, the lattice model is applied to study the printing process and quantify the buildability (i.e., the maximum height that can be printed) for 3D concrete printing (3DCP). The model simulates structural failure by incorporating an element birth technique, time‐dependent stiffness and strength, printing velocity, non‐uniform gravitational load, localized damage, and spatial variation of the printed object. The model can reproduce the plastic collapse failure modes reported in the literature. In this research, three main contributions for 3DCP modeling work can be found. A new failure criterion is proposed and adopted to improve the estimation of critical printing height; the element birth technique is utilized to mimic the continuous printing process and study the impact of non‐uniform gravitational load; variability of a printed structure is modeled through the inclusion of disorder during mesh generation and Gaussian distributions of material properties. Using this model, parametric analyses on non‐uniform gravitational load and material variation are conducted to assess their impact on the failure–deformation response and the critical printing height. Finally, the model is validated by comparison with two 3D printing experiments from the literature. The proposed lattice model can reproduce the correct failure‐deformation modes of two types of structures commonly used for buildability quantification: A 3D‐printed hollow cylinder and a square wall layout. Lattice modeling of the square structure yields a relative difference of around 10% with the experimental printing height. For the cylinder structure, the predicted radial deformation and corresponding height show good agreement with the experimental data; the model yields a 41.38% overprediction of the total number of printing layers, compared with the experimental data. Possible reasons for the quantitative discrepancy are discussed.
Molecular detection of zoonotic filarioids inCulexspp. from Portugal
Authors: Manoj R. R. S. , Latrofa M. S. , Cavalera M. A. , Mendoza‐Roldan J. A. , Maia C. , Otranto D.
Published: May 2021

To investigate the role of dipterans in the transmission ofOnchocerca lupiand other zoonotic filarioids, samples were collected from different sites in Algarve, southern Portugal, morphologically identified and molecularly tested for filarioids.Culexsp. (72.8%) represented the predominant genus followed byCulicoidessp. (11.8%),Ochlerotatussp. (9.7%),Culisetasp. (4.5%),Aedessp. (0.9%) andAnophelessp. (0.3%). Nineteen (2.8%) specimens scored positive for filarioids, withCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus(2%) positive forDirofilaria immitis(1.4%),Dirofilaria repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditum,Onchocerca lupi, unidentified species of Filarioidea (0.2%, each) and Onchocercidae (0.6%). Additionally,Culiseta longiareolata(6.5%),Ochlerotatus caspius(3%) andCulex laticinctus(0.2%) scored positive for unidentified Onchocercidae,A. reconditumand forO. lupi, respectively. This is the first report of the occurrence of DNA ofO. lupi,D. repensandA. recondituminCulexspp. in Portugal. Information regarding the vectors and the pathogens they transmit may help to adopt proper prophylactic and control measures.
A Negotiation in Middlemarch
Authors: Read Daniel , Hills Thomas
Published: May 2021

We analyze a negotiation drawn from George Eliot’s great novel Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life. Eliot is renowned as a perceptive chronicler of social interaction, and she understood the process of negotiation and its role in the community perhaps as well as anyone. The negotiation in question is between a wealthy banker and a former associate who sets out (or perhaps just ends up) blackmailing him. From this negotiation we draw insights into the importance of preparation and the prenegotiation, empathy, and the fostering of relationships (even when you would prefer not to); and the problems of focusing on one’s own BATNA rather than your counterparts’. We consider six key negotiation lessons for the fictional negotiator (and for us) and reflect on the difficulty of negotiations in which one's self‐regard is at issue in addition to material goods. We conclude with a brief account of how both fictional and “nonfictional” negotiations further our understanding of how to learn about and improve negotiation practice.
Stressors in intensive cardiac care units: Patients' perceptions
Authors: Coelho Aluê Constantino , Santos Vinicius Batista , de Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite
Published: May 2021

Background

Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are often admitted to intensive cardiac care units (ICCUs) to have their vital signs and ventricular function monitored. In most cases, they are conscious and bedbound, causing high stress and anxiety levels.

Aims and objectives

To assess the stressors affecting patients admitted to ICCUs.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional study performed in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods

A sample of 100 patients with ACS admitted to an ICCU, after 24 hours of hospitalization, was recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and the Intensive Care Unit Stressor Assessment Scale (ICESS) was applied to investigate stressors. The ICESS' internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha, and the stressors were analysed by descriptive statistics, association tests, and correlation tests.

Results

Most patients were male, married, and aged 51 to 60 years. The ICESS showed an excellent internal consistency. The mean score identified in patients pointed to a non‐stressed to moderately stressed condition. The indicators considered to be more stressful were as follows: “Not knowing ICU length of stay,” “Being unable to fulfil family roles,” “Missing husband or wife,” and “Loss of self‐control.”

Conclusions

Stress levels were considered to be non‐stressful to moderately stressful. The main stressors were related to psychological distress and physical discomfort dimensions.

Relevance to clinical practice

Mapping the main stressors of patients with coronary artery disease will allow health professionals to implement strategies to reduce them and consequently reduce their anxiety levels.
Ultrasound‐guided L5/S1 intradiscal needle placement using biplanar approach with the patient in the lateral decubitus position: A report of three cases
Authors: Lam King Hei Stanley , Hung Chen‐Yu , Wu Tsung‐Ju
Published: May 2021

Background

The use of ultrasound (US)‐guided intradiscal injection has been described in the literature with the patient lying in the prone position; however, many patients are unable to lie in the prone position. Therefore, we describe an innovative technique of US‐guided platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) administration in the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) of 3 patients with chronic lower back pain who failed to improve with conservative management.

Case Series

For all the 3 patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed annular tears of the L5/S1 IVD with broad‐based central posterior protrusions. PRP injection was performed with the patients in the lateral decubitus position or modified recovery position. With the transducer initially placed in the short axis to the lumbar spine, the needle was inserted in‐plane to the IVD, with the needle trajectory clearly visualized. Once the needle entered the annulus fibrosus, placement of the needle was confirmed by turning the transducer along the long axis of the spine to validate the location of the needle tip inside the IVD. Discus stimulation was performed with contrast administered to elicit each patient’s usual pain, and spread of the contrast was confirmed under fluoroscopy. Upon confirmation of the intradiscal location, 3 ml of PRP was administered.

Conclusions

This report described a novel technique demonstrating that US‐guided lumbar intradiscal needle placement for PRP administration in patients lying in the lateral decubitus position is feasible.
The MYB family transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu and the homolog TaODORANT1 from Triticum aestivum inhibit seed storage protein synthesis in wheat
Authors: Luo Guangbin , Shen Lisha , Song Yanhong , Yu Kang , Ji Jingjing , Zhang Chi , Yang Wenlong , Li Xin , Sun Jiazhu , Zhan Kehui , Cui Dangqun , Wang Yanpeng , Gao Caixia , Liu Dongcheng , Zhang Aimin
Published: May 2021

Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are determinants of wheat end‐product quality. SSP synthesis is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. Few transcriptional regulators of SSP synthesis have been identified in wheat and this study aims to identify novel SSP gene regulators. Here, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu was found to be preferentially expressed in the developing endosperm during grain filling. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum) overexpressing TuODORANT1, the transcription levels of all the SSP genes tested by RNA‐Seq analysis were reduced by 49.71% throughout grain filling, which contributed to 13.38%–35.60% declines in the total SSP levels of mature grains. In in vitro assays, TuODORANT1 inhibited both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1‐ to 13‐fold. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP‐qPCR analysis demonstrated that TuODORANT1 bound to the cis‐elements 5′‐T/CAACCA‐3′ and 5′‐T/CAACT/AG‐3′ in SSP gene promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, the homolog TaODORANT1 in common wheat hindered both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1‐ to 112‐fold in vitro. Knockdown of TaODORANT1 in common wheat led to 14.73%–232.78% increases in the transcription of the tested SSP genes, which contributed to 11.43%–19.35% elevation in the total SSP levels. Our data show that both TuODORANT1 and TaODORANT1 are repressors of SSP synthesis.
Knowledge as a collective status
Authors: Koons Jeremy Randel
Published: May 2021

While social epistemology is a diverse field, much of it still understands knowledge as an individual status—albeit an individual status that crucially depends on various social factors (such as testimony). Further, the literature on group knowledge until now has primarily focused on limited, specialized groups that may be said to know this or that as a group. I wish to argue, to the contrary, that all knowledge attributions ascribe a collective status; and that this follows more or less directly from an essential function of entitlement‐ascriptions: Ascriptions of knowledge and entitlement serve a primarily social function in that they facilitate coordination by maintaining consensus around true beliefs, true theories, and truth‐producing methodologies. This conclusion will shed light on ways in which traditional theories of knowledge (such as foundationalism and coherentism) fail to capture a central function of our epistemic practice.
Exploring Unusual Effects of the Ring Substituents in the Type II Reaction with TD‐DFT and DFT
Authors: Rezapour Mehdi , Abbasi Mohammad , Gholinejad Mohammad
Published: May 2021

The type II photoelimination reactions are important in biological systems. The different roles played by ring substituents are often not obvious from quantum yields for product formation and the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction is quite low (<107 s−1), but Hautala (Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 18, 2499–2502) reported unusual effects of the nitro substituent in aryl ketones. They reported the first examples of such and discuss for another role played by the nitro group. They determined an upper limit of less than 2 × 10−5 to the quantum yield for formation of nitro substituent. They hypothesized the carbonyl localized state may be populated with high quantum efficiency, rapid deactivation occurs to populate the lower lying nitro localized state. We focus on the case where the theoretical studies are of great importance and indispensable, such as resolving the debate on the stepwise and concerted mechanism of hydrogen abstraction. Our proposed new mechanisms for 2‐ethoxy‐1‐phenylethanone are based on the energy, HOMO‐LUMO, dipole moments, etc. We provide modifications to experimentally proposed mechanisms or completely new mechanism with Hammett, synchronicity, singlet fission and relative rate equations to explain successfully the previous result. At the end, we show why an unusual effect of the nitro substituent exists in it.