bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What about Adaptive Introgression? The Genomic Revolution Is Shaping Scientific and Public Perception
Authors: Horta Pedro , Raposeira Helena , Vaz Ana Sofia , António João , Juste Javier , Razgour Orly , Rebelo Hugo
Published: November 2021

Genetic miscegenation was historically perceived as a maladaptive process or even an imperfection of nature. However, through adaptive introgression, some species can share genes associated with well-adapted traits. Current scientific perceptions on the benefits of adaptive introgression can help to clarify how these paradoxes condition scientific progress and influence public beliefs and decision-making. We carried out a systematic review and bibliometric analysis using artificial intelligence on adaptive introgression evidence. The genomic revolution provided an exponential growing of evidence predominately interpreted as beneficial for species adaptation. We show that this remarkable increase on publications influences public perception in the medium-long term. Despite an initially emotional response, peoples’ final opinion tends to incorporate science-based evidence, although prejudices seem to influence peoples’ polarity opinion. We argue that developing the knowledge on adaptive introgression will allow to scientifically refute theories that promote genetic “purity”, used to justify racism and other forms of discrimination.
Combined Supplementation of Probiotics and Enzymes Improves Performance and Regulates Rumen Microbiota in Fattening Goats
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Chen Zili , Gao Qin , Li Peizhen , Wang Jingang , Cai Yu , Wang Zhibo , Li Dongxu , Li Huixia , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanli
Published: November 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant indexes and rumen microflora fed with a basal diet (CON group), added B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (PRO group), supplemented with B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and enzyme preparations (COM group) on fattening goats.Methods: 39 male goats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 13 individuals in each group for feed period of 80 d. Goats were fed as follows: CON diet, PRO diet with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, and COM diet with B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and compound enzymes.Results: ADFI of COM group significantly increased compared with CON group and PRO group (P < 0.01), as well as COM group and PRO group dramatically promoted ADG versus with CON group (P < 0.05). As a consequence, the body weight of fattening goats in the COM group was predominantly higher than that in the CON group (P < 0.01). In addition, the PRO group and COM group enhanced the TNF-α (P < 0.05) and IL-10 content (P < 0.01) in the serum. No differences were observed in serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of three groups (P > 0.05). Likewise, the GR values of PRO group and COM group were noteworthy improved in comparison with CON group (P < 0.01). The VFA contents in rumen fluid were insignificantly different (P > 0.05). COM group also enriched the relative abundance of Proteobacteria compared with CON group and PRO group (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased of PRO group and COM group in rumen fluid microorganisms (P < 0.05). Apparently, COM group significantly enriched nitrogen metabolism, glycolysis and TCA cycle (P < 0.05), whereas nucleotides biosynthesis was notably reduced (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The combined feed of probiotics and enzymes had more profound effects than probiotics feed. Consequently, supplementation with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis and enzymes in the basal diet of fattening goats, which could improve growth performance, slaughter performance, immunity and accommodate rumen microbiota.
Expression of CD44 in Monocyte and Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Franić Ivana , Mužinić Nikolina Režić , Markotić Anita , Živković Piero Marin , Vilović Marino , Rušić Doris , Božić Joško
Published: November 2021

CD44 expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes seems to play a crucial role in gastrointestinal inflammation, such as the one occurring in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Differentially methylated genes are distinctly expressed across monocyte subpopulations related to the state of Crohn's disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to detect CD44 expression at monocyte subpopulations, lymphocytes and granulocytes in relation to the type of IBD, therapy and disease duration. Monocyte subpopulations CD14++CD16−, CD14+CD16++ and CD14+CD16+, as well as other leukocytes, were analyzed for their CD44 expression using flow cytometry in 46 patients with IBD and 48 healthy controls. Patients with Crohn's disease treated with non-biological therapy (NBT) exhibited lower percentage of anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16++ monocytes, whereas NBT-treated patients with ulcerative colitis had lower expression of CD44 on CD14+CD44+ lymphocytes, in comparison to controls, respectively. Conversely, patients with Crohn's disease treated with biological therapy had higher percentage of CD44+ granulocytes, but lower expression of CD44 on anti-inflammatory monocytes compared to controls. Percentage of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes was lower in the <9 years of IBD duration subgroup, compared with the longer disease duration subgroup. The present study addresses the putative role of differentiation and regulation of monocyte and lymphocyte cells in tailoring IBD therapeutic regimes.
Evidence-based indicators for the measurement of quality of primary care using health insurance claims data in Switzerland: update of the SQUIPRICA working group
Authors: Blozik Eva , Farcher Renato , Graber Sereina , Huber Carola
Published: November 2021

Background

The level of quality of care of ambulatory services in Switzerland is almost completely unknown. Since health insurance claims are the only nationwide applicable and available data source for this purpose, a set of 24 quality indicators (QI) for the measurement of quality of primary care has been previously developed and implemented. The present paper reports on an evidence-based update and extension of the initial QI set.
Methods

Established pragmatic 6-step process based on informal consensus and potential QI extracted from international medical practice guidelines and pre-existing QI for primary care. Experts rated potential QI based on strength of evidence, relevance for Swiss public health, and controllability in the Swiss primary care context. Feasibility of a preliminary set of potential new QI was tested using claims data of persons with basic mandatory health insurance at one of the largest Swiss health insurers. This test built the basis for expert consensus on the final set of new QI. Additionally, two diabetes indicators included in the previous QI set were re-evaluated.
Results

Of 23 potential new indicators, 19 of them were selected for feasibility testing. The expert group consented a final set of 9 additional QI covering the domains general aspects/efficiency (2 QI), diagnostic measures (1 QI), geriatric care (2 QI), osteoarthritis (1 QI), and drug safety (3 QI). Two pre-existing diabetes indicators were updated.
Conclusions

Additional QI relating to overuse and intersectoral care aspects extend the options of measuring quality of primary care in Switzerland based on claims data and complement the initial QI set.
Surgical management and clinical outcomes of cerebellar liponeurocytomas-a report of 7 cases and a pooled analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Zuo Pengcheng , Sun Tao , Gu Guocan , Li xiaoou , Jiang Zhuang , Pan Changcun , Xu Cheng , Wu Zhen , Zhang Junting , Zhang Liwei
Published: November 2021

Objective

Cerebellar liponeurocytomas (CLPNs) are very rare. Limited studies described this disease and their treatment protocol remain unclear. To better understand the disease, we review the clinical features and outcomes, and propose a treatment protocol based on previously reported cases and cases from our institute.
Methods

The clinical data were obtained from 7 patients with pathologically confirmed CLPNs, who accepted surgical treatment in our institute between November 2011 and June 2021. We also reviewed the literature and 75 patients with CLPNs were identified between September 1993 and June 2021. Risk factors for Progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated in the pooled cohort.
Results

The authors’ cohort included 4 males and 3 females with a mean age of 43.9±14.5 (range: 29-64 years). 3 cases are located in lateral ventricle and 4 cases are located in cerebellum. All 7 cases achieved gross total resection (GTR) and radiotherapy was administered to 2 cases. After a mean follow-up of 44.9±44.4 months, all patients remained well with no recurrence or death. For the reported 75 patients, there are 35 males and 40 females with a mean age of 46.2±13.6 years (range: 6-77 years). Biopsy, gross total resection (GTR) and non-GTR were achieved in 1 (1.3%), 50 (66.7%), and 24 (32%) patients, respectively. Radiotherapy was administered to 16 cases and chemotherapy was administered to only 1 case. After a mean follow-up of 47.5±51.5 months, 3 patients died and tumor recurrence occurred in 17 patients. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that non-GTR predicted a poor PFS (p=0.030). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GTR was significantly associated with better PFS (p=0.0084). PFS rates at 1, 5, 10 years were 92.7%, 78.0%, 23.8% respectively.
Conclusions

Cerebellar liponeurocytomas (CLPNs) are very rare brain tumors. Although they have favorable clinical prognosis, the recurrence is relatively high. GTR should be the first choice and close follow-up is necessary. Postoperative radiotherapy could not improve PFS in this study. A larger cohort is needed to verify our findings.
A Novel Group of Genes that Causes Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer Identified by Dynamic Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: Asghari Arvand , Wall Katherine , Gill Michael , Vecchio Natascha Del , Allahbakhsh Farnaz , Wu Jacky , Deng Nan , Zheng W. Jim , Wu Hulin , Umetani Michihisa , Maroufy Vahed
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cancer-related cause of death in women worldwide. Endocrine therapy is an effective therapeutic approach for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; however, in many cases, tumor regrowth occurs after the therapy and the tumor becomes unresponsive anymore. While some gene mutations contribute to the resistance in some patients, the underlying causes of the resistance to endocrine therapies are mostly undetermined. In this study, we utilized our recently developed statistical approach to investigate the dynamic behavior of gene expression during the development of endocrine resistance and identified a novel group of genes that can be crucial to the development of resistance in BC. The expression of these genes is not only altered in cell models during the endocrine resistance development but also significantly changed in endocrine-resistant patients. Surprisingly, this group of genes was also identified as a group of key candidate genes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting that endocrine resistance and TNBC share the same mechanisms during their development. Our findings explain some of the genetic underlying reasons for endocrine resistance and provide the potential to develop novel common therapeutic approaches against endocrine-resistant BC and TNBC.
Immature Instars of Three Species of Rhodnius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): Morphological and Morphometric Studies
Authors: Cacini Gustavo Lázari , de Oliveira Jader , Belintani Tiago , Souza Éder dos Santos , Olaia Nicoly , Pinto Mara Cristina , Rosa João Aristeu da
Published: November 2021

Background: Among the 18 genera of the Triatominae subfamily, three stand out for their diversity and epidemiological importance: Triatoma, Panstrongylus, and Rhodnius. The genus Rhodnius includes 21 species that can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi (the etiological agent of Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis) and Trypanosoma rangeli. The Rhodnius prolixus complex comprises seven species, including Rhodnius marabaensis, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius robustus, which occur in Northern region of Brazil. Since both adults and immatures can carry T. cruzi, in this study the five nymphal instars of the three species mentioned were dorsally characterized. Methods: By means of light microscopy, morphometrics and geometric morphometrics, the present work measures and describes the morphological characters of the five nymphal instars of Rhodnius marabaensis, Rhodnius prolixus, and Rhodnius robustus. Results: The study allowed the characterization of all the five nymphal instars, as well as the distinction between the three species in each of their instars. Conclusions: The morphological, morphometrics of the head, thorax, and abdomen and geometric morphometrics studies of the head enabled the specific distinction of these three species in all the five instars.
Van Der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Bismuth Thin-film on Silicon (111) Substrate by MBE
Authors: Chou Chieh , Wu Po-Siun , Lin Hao-Hsiung
Published: November 2021

Crystallinity of an 80-nm-thick bismuth thin film grown on Si(111) substrate by MBE was investigated. The highly (0003) textured Bi film contains two twinning domains with different bilayer stacking sequences. The basic lattice parameters c and a as well as b, the bilayer thickness, of the two domains were determined from a series of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and found that the differences are within 0.1% as compared with those of bulk Bi reported in literature, suggesting that the Bi film has been nearly fully relaxed. From the XRD φ-scans of asymmetric Bi (01-14), (10-15), (11-26) planes and Si (220) plane as well as selected area electron diffraction patterns and electron back scatter diffraction pole figures, we confirmed the well registration between the lattices of Si and Bi lattice, i.e. the ω angle difference between Bi[0003] and Si[111] and the φ angle different between Bi[01-14] and Si[220] are 0.056° and 0.25°, respectively, and thus concluded that the growth is a quasi-van der Waals epitaxy.
Exploring the Pyroptosis-related Genes of Breast Cancer and their Effects on Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Jia Congli , Yang Fu , Li Ruining
Published: November 2021

Background: Breast cancer （BC） is the most common cancer among women, with high rates of metastasis and recurrence. Some studies have confirmed that pyroptosis is an immune-related programmed cell death. However, the correlation between the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in BC and its prognosis remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we identified 38 pyroptosis-related genes that were differentially expressed between BC and normal tissues. The prognostic value of each pyroptosis-related gene was evaluated using patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Cox regression method was performed to establish a prognostic model for 16-gene signature, classifying all BC patients in the TCGA database into a low-or high-risk group. Results: The survival rate of BC patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (P＜0.01). Prognostic model is independent prognostic factor for BC patients compared to clinical features. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) showed a decrease for immune cells and immune function in the high-risk group. Conclusions: Pyroptosis-related genes influence the tumor immune microenvironment and can predict the prognosis of BC.
Impact of Background Music on the Performance of Laparoscopy Teams
Authors: Han Ying , Zheng Bin , Zhao Linyong , Hu Jiankun , Zhang Chao , Xiao Ran , Wang Chunyan , Pu Dan
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Music and noise have different impacts on individuals in the operating room. Their effects on the performance of surgical teams in simulated environments are not well documented. We investigated if laparoscopic teams operating under favorable acoustic conditions would perform better than under noisy conditions.METHODS: We recruited 114 surgical residents and built 57 two-person teams. Each team was required to perform two laparoscopic tasks (object transportation and collaborative suturing) on a simulation training box under musical, neutral, and noisy acoustic conditions. Data were extracted from video recordings of each performance for analysis. Task performance was measured by the duration of time to complete a task and the total number of errors, and objective performance scores. The measures were compared over the three acoustic conditions.RESULTS: A musical environment elicited higher performance scores than a noisy environment for both the object transportation (performance score: 66.3 ± 8.6 vs. 57.6 ± 11.2; p < 0.001) and collaborative suturing tasks (78.6 ± 5.4 vs. 67.2 ± 11.1; p < 0.001). Task times in the musical and noisy environments was subtracted to produce a musical-noisy difference time. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the team experience score and the musical-noisy difference time on the object transportation (r = -0.246, p = 0.046) and collaborative suturing tasks (r = -0.248, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: As to individuals, music enhances the performance of a laparoscopy team while noise worsens performance. The negative correlation between team experience and musical-noisy difference time suggests that laparoscopy teams composed of experienced surgeons are less likely affected by an acoustic distraction than novice teams. Team resistance to acoustic distraction may lead to a new way for assessing team skills.
Facile Extraction and Characterization of Calcium Hydroxide From Paper Mill Waste Sludge of Bangladesh
Authors: Molla Mohammad Robel , Begum Most. Hosney Ara , Farhad Syed Farid Uddin , Rahman A. S. M. Asadur , Tanvir Nazmul Islam , Bashar Muhammad Shahriar , Bhuiyan Riyadh Hossen , Alam Md. Sha , Hossain Mohammad Sajjad , Rahman Mir Tamzid
Published: November 2021

Herein, paper mill waste sludge (PMS) from two different sources has been investigated to extract calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 by a facile and inexpensive extraction process. This green process exploits typical chemical precipitation (CP) in an aqueous medium at room temperature to develop an economically and industrially viable technique for the effective utilization of calcium-containing waste sludge. PMS samples, collected from local paper mill plants of Bangladesh, were the main precursors wherein HCl and NaOH were utilized for chemical treatment. The as-synthesized products were analyzed by a variety of characterization tools including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analyses. Our studies confirm that the extracted product contains Ca(OH)2 as a major content, albeit it also includes CaCO3 phase formed owing to the inescapable carbonation process from the surrounding environment. The particle size of the synthesized products is in the range of 450 - 500 nm estimated from SEM micrographs. The crystallite domain size of the same estimated from XRD analyses and was found to be ~47 nm and ~31 nm respectively for product-A and product-B considering major (101) Bragg peak of Ca(OH)2. The yield percentage of the isolated products is about 65% for samples collected from both sources.
Machine Learning Based Algorithms to Impute PaO 2 from SpO2 Values and Development of an Online Calculator
Authors: Ren Shuangxia , Zupetic Jill A. , Tabary Mohammadreza , DeSensi Rebecca , Nouraie Mehdi , Lu Xinghua , Boyce Richard D. , Lee Janet S.
Published: November 2021

We created an online calculator using machine learning algorithms to impute the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of delivered oxygen (FiO2) ratio using the non-invasive peripheral saturation of oxygen (SpO2) and compared the accuracy of the machine learning models we developed to previously published equations. We generated three machine learning algorithms (neural network, regression, and kernel-based methods) using 7 clinical variable features (N=9,900 ICU events) and subsequently 3 features (N=20,198 ICU events) as input into the models. Data from mechanically ventilated ICU patients were obtained from the publicly available Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) database and used for analysis. Compared to seven features, three features (SpO2, FiO2 and PEEP) were sufficient to impute PaO2 from the SpO2. Any of the tested machine learning models enabled imputation of PaO2 from the SpO2 with lower error and showed greater accuracy in predicting PaO2/FiO2 < 150 compared to the previously published log-linear and non-linear equations. Imputation using data from an independent validation cohort of ICU patients (N = 133) from 2 hospitals within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) showed greater accuracy with the neural network and kernel-based machine learning models compared to the previously published non-linear equation.
Using an Optical Reflectometer to Measure Caries Lesion Activity on Enamel
Authors: Carvalho Thiago Saads , Stauffacher Simone , Eick Sigrun , Litzenburger Friederike , Lussi Adrian , Neuhaus Klaus W.
Published: November 2021

Background: Specular reflection can be used to quantify dental erosion, and might also provide similar results for caries. This study assessed the possibility of using specular reflection intensity (SRI; quantitative lesion activity assessment) to measure the progression of initial enamel caries lesions. Methods: Two hundred native enamel specimens and flat ground enamel specimens (n=100 each) were subjected to a 4-species biofilm caries model during 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks (n=20 each), to induce ‘active’ enamel caries lesions. Afterwards, to induce ‘inactive’ lesions, all specimens were continuously remineralized and brushed twice daily for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. Change in specular reflection intensity (%SRI), visual caries detection (ICDAS) and visual caries severity assessment were performed for all active lesions and during the remineralization phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken for qualitative analysis. Results: For active lesions, %SRI dropped from 100% to about 80% in native enamel, and to about 15% in polished enamel. Remineralization/brushing increased %SRI in native enamel, but not in polished enamel. The comparison with visual caries scores yielded a better linear relationship of %SRI with early enamel lesion where caries was induced for up to 6 weeks. Conclusion: The use of the optical reflectometer for the assessment of caries lesion activity seemed to work better for early caries lesions and for polished specimens.
Deep Learning for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Resection or Liver Transplantation: a Discovery and Validation Study
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Liu Yuanpeng , Zhang Wenhui , Hong Yuan , Meng Jinwen , Wang Jianguo , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao
Published: November 2021

Background: There is a growing need for new improved classifiers of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to stratify them effectively. Methods: A deep learning model was developed on a total of 1118 patients from 4 independent cohorts. A nucleus map set (n = 120) was used to train U-net to capture the nuclear architecture. The training set (n = 552) included HCC patients that had been treated by resection. The liver transplantation (LT) set (n = 144) contained patients with HCC that had been treated by LT. The train set and its nuclear architectural information extracted by U-net were used to train the MobileNet V2-based classifier (MobileNetV2_HCC_Class). The classifier was then independently tested on the LT set and externally validated on the TCGA set (n = 302). The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS).Results: The MobileNetV2_HCC_Class was a strong predictor of RFS in both LT set and TCGA set. The classifier provided a hazard ratio of 3.44 (95% CI 2.01–5.87, p<0.001) for high risk versus low risk in the LT set, and 2.55 (95% CI: 1.64–3.99, p<0.001) when known prognostic factors, remarkable in univariable analyses on the same cohort, were adjusted. The MobileNetV2_HCC_Class maintained a relatively higher discriminatory power [time-dependent area under curve (AUC)] than other factors after LT or resection in the independent validation set. A pathological review demonstrated that tumoral areas with the highest recurrence predictability featured the following features: the presence of stroma, a high degree of cytological atypia, nuclear hyperchromasia, and a lack of immune cell infiltration.Conclusion: A prognostic classifier for clinical purposes had been proposed based on the use of deep learning on histological slides from HCC patients. This classifier assists in refining the prognostic prediction of HCC patients and identifies patients who have been benefited from more intensive management.
Removing MBD Using Fe2O3 NPs Modified by FeCl3 (0.1 M and 0.3 mM) With Myrtle Leaf Extract As Environmental Application
Authors: Aziz Wisam , Abid Muslim , Jumaa Aya
Published: November 2021

In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using FeCl3 (0.1 M and 0.3 M) with myrtle leaf extract for of methylene blue dye (MBD) degradation under visible light irradiation (100-watt halogen lamp) as environmental application. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the polycrystalline structure of Fe2O3 material with miller indices confirmed the presence of iron oxide with average crystalline sizes (15.59-16.8 nm) synthesized by (0.1M - 0.3mM) concentrations of FeCl3. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy revealed rods-like and spherical shapes of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, with an average particle size of 25 to 67 nm, covered the whole top surface of structure. Moreover, the change of the color of the iron oxide NPs from brown to dark brown enhances the transformation of the properties of the material obtained by adding the biomass which gives the absorbance peaks around 265-350 nm and energy band gaps (3 and 3.7 eV) using UV/VIS spectrometer. The methylene blue degradation efficiencies of Fe2O3 NPs prepared by plant extract and FeCl3 with concentrations (0.1 M and 0.3 mM) were 86.3% after 150 min and 90% after 120 min respectively.
Interactive Hybrid Medical Conference in Japan
Authors: Shiokawa Yasunari , Mori Noriko , Sakusabe Takaya , Imai Takeshi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kimura Michio
Published: November 2021

This paper reports medical informatics conference held in November 2020, which is under influence of CoVID-19, in hybrid way. The methods taken to ensure presenters, chairpersons, participants, supporting staffs, vendors seamless infrastructure regardless of on line or on site. This made question answer session rich as usual. Some other outcomes newly made possible are reported, such as demonstration shown on big personal screen, much better than slide projector screen, new participants who became able to participate over prefecture boundaries in challenged times.
The Selah pilot study of spiritual, mindfulness, and stress inoculation practices on stress-related outcomes: A non-randomized participant preference control pilot study
Authors: Proeschold-Bell Rae Jean , Eagle David E. , Tice Logan C. , Yao Jia , Rash Joshua A. , Choi Jessica Y. , Stringfield Beth , Labrecque Sofia M.
Published: November 2021

Background

The job-demand-control-support model indicates that clergy are at high risk for chronic stress and adverse health outcomes.
Methods

A non-randomized participant preference design with a control group was used to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and range of outcome effect sizes for four potentially stress-reducing interventions: stress inoculation training, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), the Daily Examen, and Centering Prayer. All United Methodist clergy in North Carolina were eligible and recruited via email to attend their preferred intervention: in-person workshops of one (Daily Examen, Centering Prayer) or two days (stress inoculation training) at retreat centers, or eight weekly online 90-minute sessions (MBSR). Surveys at 0, 3, and 12 weeks assessed symptoms of stress, anxiety, and perceived stress reactivity. Heart rate variability was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks using data from 24h ambulatory heart rate monitoring. A patched-up control group was recruited after recruitment commenced. A subset of participants completed in-depth interviews and reported skill practice using daily text messages. Standardized mean differences with 95% and 75% confidence intervals were calculated for each intervention relative to control to determine the range of effect sizes likely to be observed in a definitive trial.
Results

78 clergy participated in an intervention and 7 provided data as a control group. The daily percentage of participants engaging in stress management practices ranged from 47% (MBSR) to 69% (Examen). Every participant interviewed (n=23) reported that learning content was acceptable and they would recommend their intervention to others. Small-to-large effect sizes on measures of stress and anxiety were observed for Daily Examen, stress inoculation, and MBSR relative to control. Little evidence for change in HRV was observed between intervention and control, with the most favorable effects observed for MBSR. Results were mixed for Centering Prayer.
Conclusions

All four interventions were feasible and acceptable, with the best trends in outcomes for MBSR, although other interventions were promising. Participants welcomed daily text messages reminding them to engage in practice and wore ambulatory heart rate monitoring devices without incident. Three-week survey data did not contribute to study findings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT04625777, November 12, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Detection of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Imported Meat Products from Saudi Arabian Ports in 2017
Authors: Alhadlaq Meshari Ahmed , Mujallad Mohammed I. , Alajel Suliman M. I.
Published: November 2021

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen, which causes various health conditions in humans, including fatigue, nausea, and bloody diarrhoea, and in some cases, even death. In 2017, 15.71% of the total imported food products in Saudi Arabia were meat-based. India and Brazil are two of the top five countries from where Saudi Arabia imports meat. According to the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, in 2017, at least 562, 280, and 50 samples of imported beef, chicken, and sheep meat, respectively, were tested for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Amongst these, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in respectively 6.5% and 2.2% of the tested beef meat samples imported from India and Brazil as well as in respectively 6.96% and 3.57% of the tested chicken samples imported from Brazil and Ukraine. Moreover, the pathogen was detected in 2.1% of the tested sheep meat samples imported from India. The present report provides evidence that imported meat can serve as the carrier of E. coli O157:H7, leading to epidemics, within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
An Efficient Ultrasound Assisted Electrospinning Synthesis of a Novel Biodegradable Polymeric Ni-MOF Supported by PVA- Fibrous Network as an Efficient CH4 Adsorbent
Authors: Shahriari Taher , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh , Sargazi Ghasem , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Hosseinzadeh Alireza
Published: November 2021

In this study, Ni-MOF was synthesized via ultrasound irradiation under optimal conditions, which included an ultrasound power of 370 W, time duration of 20 minutes, and a temperature of 25 oC. The final Ni-MOF nanostructures were immobilized in PVA fibrous polymeric network using under optimal conditions (concentration: 8 ­wt %; the nozzle tip with flow rates of 0.10 mL/h; temperature: 25­ oC and humidity: 22 %; voltages: 20 kV; spinning distance: 12 cm) of electrospinning. To characterize the final composition, various analyses were used. The presence of functional groups in structures was confirmed by FTIR. The Ni-MOF sample was uniformly synthesized on the surface of PVA, as evidenced by SEM and Mapping elemental analysis. The BJH technique validated the effect of the substrate's role in increasing the surface area of the final products. The final products of the Ni-MOF/PVA fibrous network were used as a novel adsorbent in the adsorption of CH4 gas.
Performance of Graduation Examination of Standardized Residency Training in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Jiang Ling , Li Ruoqi , Xia Zhijun , Qu Xianguo , Gao Qisheng
Published: November 2021

Background
Standardized residency training is an important part of post-graduation medical education for medical students in China, and the graduation examination is a necessary part to test the effect of residency training and an important measure to guarantee the quality of residency training. This study analyzed the graduation examination results of standardized residency training in Zhejiang Province in 2020.
Methods
This study calculated the pass rates for the practical skills examination and written examination for 5555 examinees and analyzed the relationship between examinees' demographic characteristics and pass rates.
Results
The pass rates for practical skills examination and written examination were 91.8% and 96.5%, respectively. Gender, age, education, and type of organizations were significantly associated with the pass rates. Examinees who retook the examination were less likely to pass the practical skills examination (AOR = 0.266, 95% CI = 0.189-0.377) and the written examination (AOR = 0.043, 95% CI = 0.025-0.074) than examinees who took the examination for the first time. If an examinee did not pass the practical skills examination initially, he or she was less likely to pass the written examination (AOR = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.120-0.249)
Conclusion
The pass rate of graduation examination of standardized residency training was not only influenced by the individual characteristics of the examinees but also related to the level of training hospitals and lead teachers. Therefore, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to further improve the system of standardized residency training.
High Expression of HSPA8 is A Favorable Prognostic Factor in Colon Cancer
Authors: Liu Yang-yang , He Xiang-biao
Published: November 2021

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), a type of colon cancer, is among the most common malignant diseases afflicting people globally. Heat shock protein family, including HSPA8, are involved in tumor progression in numerous human cancers, however the association between HSPA8 and COAD has not been explored.Methods: RNA sequencing data and clinical characteristics from TCGA and GTEx, as well as protein data from CPTAC were obtained for analysis of HSPA8 expression in COAD. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of HSPA8-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed via GO/KEGG, immune infiltration analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In addition, the clinical significance of HSPA8 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Cox regression and prognosis assessment. R package was employed to analyze incorporated studies.Results: Compared with normal samples, the expression of HSPA8 increased remarkably in various tumors, including COAD, Moreover, high HSPA8 expression was associated with good prognosis in COAD, as well as subgroups with male, T2-T4 stage, no lymphatic and perineural invasion. (P < 0.05). High HSPA8 was a prognostic factor in Cox regression analysis. The diagnostic efficacy of HSPA8 in COAD analyzed by ROC (AUC: 0.889). Furthermore, a total of 3321 DEGs were identified between the high- and the low-expression group, of which 9 genes were up-regulated and 3312 genes were down-regulated.Conclusions: High HSPA8 expression is a potential biomarker for favorable outcomes in COAD. the results might provide clues and guidance for developing novel diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis of HSPA8 in COAD.
Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Neural Stem Cells Induced by hPRDX5
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Shi Beichen , Fan Qiang , Liu Kun , Fan Shuai , yang zhaoyong
Published: November 2021

Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics and capacity of human umbilical cord‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs) and whether this event enhanced by hPRDX5. Methods and Results: The adherent cells were obtained from umbilical cord of normal full-term newborn by caesarean section under aseptic condition, and cultivated by tissue block culture method. The surface antigen expression profiles of hUC-MSCs were monitored and the multi-directional differentiation potential was identified. Following amplification, the cells of the 4th passage were divided into 5 groups (groups A-E). The morphology was observed under inverted microscope, and the positive expression rate of markers of neural stem cell was detected by immunocytochemical and western blot. Flow cytometry revealed that the hUC-MSCs expressed CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD105, but not CD19, CD34, CD45 or HLA-DR. Treatment with hPRDX5 led to the surface markers of neural stem cells which were positive for Nestin, but negative for NSE and GFAP expression. Conclusions: Thus, the findings of the present study demonstrate that hPRDX5 effectively promotes hUC-MSCs to differentiate into neural stem cells possibly through TLR4 signaling pathway.
Absence of the Z-disc Protein α-actinin-3 Impairs the Mechanical Stability of Actn3KO Mouse Fast- twitch Muscle Fibres without Altering their Contractile Properties or Twitch Kinetics
Authors: Haug Michael , Reischl Barbara , Nübler Stefanie , Kiriaev Leonit , Mázala Davi A.G. , Houweling Peter J. , North Kathryn N. , Friedrich Oliver , Head Stewart I.
Published: November 2021

Background: A common polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene results in complete absence of the Z-disc protein α-actinin-3 from fast-twitch muscle fibres in ~16% of the world’s population. This single gene polymorphism has been subject to strong positive selection pressure during recent human evolution. Previously, using an Actn3KO mouse model, we have shown in fast-twitch muscles, eccentric contractions at L0+ 20% stretch did not cause eccentric damage. In contrast, L0+ 30% stretch produced a significant ~40% deficit in maximum force; here we use isolated single fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres from the Actn3KO mouse to investigate the mechanism underlying this.Methods: Single fast-twitch fibres are separated from the intact muscle by a collagenase digest procedure. We use label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, ultra-fast video microscopy and skinned fibre measurements from our MyoRobot automated biomechatronics system to study the morphology, visco-elasticity, force production and mechanical strength of single fibres from the Actn3KO mouse. Data are presented as means ± SD and tested for significance using ANOVA.Results: We show that the absence of α-actinin-3 does not affect the unloaded maximum speed of contraction, visco-elastic properties or myofibrillar force production. Eccentric contractions demonstrated that chemically skinned Actn3KO fibres are mechanically weaker being prone to breakage when eccentrically contracted. Furthermore, SHG images reveal disruptions in the myofibrillar alignment of Actn3KO fast-twitch fibres with an increase in Y-shaped myofibrillar lattice shifts. Conclusions: Absence of α-actinin-3 from the Z-disc in fast-twitch fibres disrupts the organisation of the myofibrillar proteins, leading to structural weakness. This provides a mechanistic explanation for our earlier findings that, in vitro intact Actn3KO fast-twitch muscles are significantly damaged by L0+ 30%, but not, L0+ 20%, eccentric contraction strains. Our study also provides a possible mechanistic explanation as to why α-actinin-3 deficient humans have been reported to have a faster decline in muscle function with increasing age, that is; as sarcopenia reduces muscle mass and force output, the eccentric stress on the remaining functional α-actinin-3 deficient fibres will be increased, resulting in fibres breakages.
Investigating the Kinetics of the Thermolysis of 3-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and Reduced Size NTO the Presence of Cobalt Ferrite Additive
Authors: Dave pragnesh N , Sirach Ruksana , Thakkar Riddhi , Deshpande M P
Published: November 2021

Less sensitive high energetic materials (HEMs) are explored as a potential replacement of highly sensitive HEMs in propellants, and explosive applications. More research have been devoted to improve the thermal decomposition of such a less sensitive HEMs. Nanosize Cobalt ferrite (CoF) has been successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Synthesis of less sensitive HEM 3-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(NTO) and its size reduction using solvent-antisolvent method is successfully achieved. Effect of 5 % by weight CoF on the thermolysis of NTO and NTO with reduced size (r-NTO) has been studied using the simultaneous thermal analysis. Three isoconversional methods namely Flynn Ozawa Wall, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Starink are employed to evaluate the kinetic parameter of NTO, and r-NTO in the presence of CoF additive. It was found that both the addition of CoF as well as reducing size of NTO can decrease the thermal decomposition temperature of NTO, the later decreasing the thermal decomposition temperature to a good extent compared to former. However, the kinetic study using isoconversional methods suggested that in the presence of CoF additive, the activation energy of both NTO as well as n-NTO is increased.
Plants for Making Tibetan Traditional Wooden Bowls and Related Traditional Knowledge in the Gyirong Valley, Tibet, China
Authors: Ding Xiaoyong , Guo ChangAn , Hu HuaBin , Wang Yuhua
Published: November 2021

Background: The wooden bowl is an important symbol of the Tibetan cultures, yet, in China, little has been documented regarding the raw materials used to make these items as well as their cultural significance in Tibet. This study explores the ethnobotanical uses of plants used to make wooden bowls to understand their sustainability, cultural significance, and current status of related traditional knowledge in Gyirong Town, which is one of the most famous places for wooden bowl making.Materials and methods: Between 2019 and 2021, key informant interviews, semi-stuctured interviews, and participatory observations were used to conduct ethnobotanical field surveys in Gyirong Valley. The field work was performed with the assistance of local guides. In this study, we utilised a use-report (UR) and relative frequency citation (RFC) to evaluate the value and importance of the species used to make the wooden bowls..Results: Our results show that 16 different plants are used during the wooden bowl making process, of which nine are used as raw materials, three for dyeing, and four for varnishing. Although communities rely heavily on these plants, good management and collection methods were observed. We also recorded the use of Fallopia denticulata as a red dye and four species of Impatiens as wood lacquers for the first time.Conclusion: We found no significant difference in the knowledge of the traditional use of plants among people of different ages and genders in Gyirong; traditional knowledge is widespread among family members and among different villages. The government and local people are committed to the protection and development of traditional knowledge related to wooden bowls, and this knowledge maintains a healthy degree of vitality. This research can provide insights into the vitality of traditional handicrafts that are facing challenges and promote their protection.
Net carbon sink of China was overestimated by more than 35%
Authors: Du Chaochao , Bai Xiaoyong , Li yangbing , Tan Qiu , Zhao Cuiwei Zhao , Luo Guangjie , Wu Luhua , Chen Fei , Li Chaojun , Ran Chen , Luo Xuling , Xi Huipeng , Chen Huan , Zhang Sirui , Li Mi , Gong Suhua , Xiong Lian , Song Fengjiao , Xiao Biqin
Published: November 2021

As a carbon source/sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the net regional carbon budget (NRCB) of terrestrial ecosystems is very important to effect global warming, especially China with the largest emissions at present. However, the carbon consumption is difficult to measure accurately, which is caused by the emissions of CH4 and CO, the utilization of agriculture, forestry and grass, and the emissions from rivers and other physical processes, such as forest fires. Therefore, the spatial patterns and driving factors of NRCB are not clear. Here, we used multi-source data to estimate the NRCB of 31 provincial administrative divisions of China and to develop NRCB datasets from 2000 to 2018. We found that the average of NRCB was 669 TgC yr−1, and it significantly decreased at a rate of 2.56 TgC yr−1. The relative contribution rates of fluxes of emissions from anthropogenic (FEAD), reactive carbon and creature ingestion (FERCCI), autotrophic respiration (Ra), heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and natural disturbances (FEND) were 35.17%, 26.09%, 19.68%, 17.38% and 1.68% respectively. In addition, NRCB datasets of the different administrative regions of China were mapped. These datasets will provide support for China's carbon neutrality and the study of the global carbon cycle.
Comparison Between Microendoscopic Laminectomy and Open Posterior Decompression Surgery for Single-Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ohtomo Nozomu , Nakamoto Hideki , Miyahara Junya , Yoshida Yuichi , Nakarai Hiroyuki , Tozawa Keiichiro , Fukushima Masayoshi , Kato So , Doi Toru , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Higashikawa Akiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Kawamura Naohiro , Inanami Hirohiko , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMicroendoscopic laminectomy (MEL), in which a 16-mm tubular retractor with an internal scope is used, has shown excellent surgical results for patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. However, no reports have directly compared MEL with open laminectomy. This study aimed to elucidate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and perioperative complications in patients undergoing MEL versus open laminectomy.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of prospectively registered patients who underwent lumbar spinal surgery at one of the six high-volume spine centers between April 2017 and September 2018. A total of 258 patients who underwent single posterior lumbar decompression at L4/L5 were enrolled in the study. With regard to demographic data, we prospectively used chart sheets to evaluate the diagnosis, operative procedure, operation time, estimated blood loss, and complications. PROs included a numerical rating scale (NRS) for lower back pain and leg pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and patient satisfaction with the treatment. ResultsOf the 258 patients enrolled, 252 (97%) completed the 1-year follow-up. Of the 252, 130 underwent MEL (MEL group) and 122 underwent open decompression (open group). The MEL group required a significantly shorter operating time and sustained lesser intraoperative blood loss compared with the open group. The overall complication rate was similar (8.2% in the MEL group versus 7.7% in the open group), and the revision rate did not significantly differ. As for PROs, both preoperative and postoperative values did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, the satisfaction rate was higher in the MEL group (74%) than in the open group (53%) (p = 0.02). ConclusionsMEL required a significantly shorter operating time and resulted in lesser intraoperative blood loss compared with laminectomy. Postoperative PROs and complication rates were not significantly different between the procedures, although MEL demonstrated a better satisfaction rate.