bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Take the treatment and be brave”: Care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Loveday Marian , Hlangu Sindisiwe , Furin Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Background

There are few data on the on the care experiences of pregnant women with rifampicin-resistant TB.

Objective

To describe the treatment journeys of pregnant women with RR-TB—including how their care experiences shape their identities—and identify areas in which tailored interventions are needed.

Methods

In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a convenience sample from a population of pregnant women receiving treatment for RR-TB. This paper follows COREQ guidelines. A thematic network analysis using an inductive approach was performed to analyze the interview transcripts and notes. The analysis was iterative and a coding system developed which focused on the care experiences of the women and how these experiences affected their perceptions of themselves, their children, and the health care system in which treatment was received.

Results

Seventeen women were interviewed. The women described multiple challenges in their treatment journeys which required them to demonstrate sustained resilience (i.e. to “be brave”). Care experiences required them to negotiate seemingly contradictory identities as both new mothers—“givers of life”—and RR-TB patients facing a complicated and potentially deadly disease. In terms of their “pregnancy identity” and “RR-TB patient identity” that emerged as part of their care experiences, four key themes were identified that appeared to have elements that were contradictory to one another (contradictory areas). These included: 1) the experience of physical symptoms or changes; 2) the experience of the “mothering” and “patient” roles; 3) the experience of the care they received for their pregnancy and their RR-TB; and 4) the experience of community engagement. There were also three areas that overlapped with both roles and during which identity was negotiated/reinforced and they included: 1) faith; 2) socioeconomic issues; and 3) long-term concerns over the child’s health. At times, the health care system exacerbated these challenges as the women were not given the support they needed by health care providers who were ill-informed or angry and treated the women in a discriminatory fashion. Left to negotiate this confusing time period, the women turned to faith, their own mothers, and the fathers of their unborn children.

Conclusion

The care experiences of the women who participated in this study highlight several gaps in the current health care system that must be better addressed in both TB and perinatal services in order to improve the therapeutic journeys for pregnant women with RR-TB and their children. Suggestions for optimizing care include the provision of integrated services, including specialized counseling as well as training for health care providers; engagement of peer support networks; provision of socioeconomic support; long-term medical care/follow-up for children born to women who were treated for RR-TB; and inclusion of faith-based services in the provision of care.
Scottish soldiers from the Battle of Dunbar 1650: A prosopographical approach to a skeletal assemblage
Authors: Millard Andrew R. , Annis Richard G. , Caffell Anwen C. , Dodd Laura L. , Fischer Roman , Gerrard Christopher M. , Graves C. Pamela , Hendy Jessica , Mackenzie Lisa , Montgomery Janet , Nowell Geoff M. , Radini Anita , Beaumont Julia , Koon Hannah E. C. , Speller Camilla F.
Published: December 2020

After the Battle Dunbar between English and Scottish forces in 1650, captured Scottish soldiers were imprisoned in Durham and many hundreds died there within a few weeks. The partial skeletal remains of 28 of these men were discovered in 2013. Building on previous osteological work, here we report wide-ranging scientific studies of the remains to address the following questions: Did they have comparable diet, health and disease throughout their lives? Did they have common histories of movement (or lack of movement) during their childhoods? Can we create a collective biography of these men? Strontium and oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel investigated childhood movement. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally sampled dentine addressed childhood diet and nutrition. Metaproteomic analysis of dental calculus investigated oral microbiomes and food residues; this was complemented by microscopic analysis of debris in calculus from ingested materials. Selected individuals were examined for dental microwear. The extent of hydroxylation of proline in collagen was examined as a potential biomarker for scurvy. An osteobiography for each man was created using the full range of data generated about him, and these were synthesised using an approach based on the historical method for a collective biography or prosopography. The childhood residences of the men were primarily within the Midland Valley of Scotland, though some spent parts of their childhood outside the British Isles. This is concordant with the known recruitment areas of the Scottish army in 1650. Their diets included oats, brassicas and milk but little seafood, as expected for lowland rather than highland diets of the period. Childhood periods of starvation or illness were almost ubiquitous, but not simultaneous, suggesting regionally variable food shortages in the 1620s and 1630s. It is likely there was widespread low-level scurvy, ameliorating in later years of life, which suggests historically unrecorded shortages of fruit and vegetables in the early 1640s. Almost all men were exposed to burnt plant matter, probably as inhaled soot, and this may relate to the high proportion of them with of sinusitis. Interpersonal violence causing skeletal trauma was rare. Based on commonalities in their osteobiographies, we argue that these men were drawn from the same stratum of society. This study is perhaps the most extensive to date of individuals from 17thcentury Scotland. Combined with a precise historical context it allows the lives of these men to be investigated and compared to the historical record with unprecedented precision. It illustrates the power of archaeological science methods to confirm, challenge and complement historical evidence.
Prevalence of heated tobacco product use among adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Li-Chuan , Lee Yue-Chune , Hsu Chieh , Chen Pei-Ching
Published: December 2020

Objective

To determine the penetration of heated tobacco products (HTPs) into the youth market in Taiwan, with a particular focus on the correlation between IQOS use and the usage of other tobacco products.

Methods

Data from the 2018 Global Youth Tobacco Survey were used to assess previous experience with and current use (within 30 days prior to survey completion) of IQOS products by Taiwanese students aged 12–18 years. Independent variables included the usage patterns of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The control variables included background information (gender, grade, monthly income/allowance, household educational level, smoking status at home and among close friends), access to free cigarettes, as well as exposure to cigarette advertisements and anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used to identify tobacco usage patterns correlated with IQOS use.

Results

In 2018, 2.33% of Taiwan’s adolescents were currently using IQOS and 4.17% had tried IQOS. The use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (individually and together) were associated with an elevated risk of the ever use and current use of IQOS.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that HTP products are not sold legally in Taiwan, the use of IQOS products by young people is far from negligible. We recommend amending the “Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act” to include regulations pertaining to the sale and marketing of HTPs.
Clarithromycin use for adjunct surgical prophylaxis before non-elective cesarean deliveries to adapt to azithromycin shortages in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Martingano Daniel , Nguyen Ashley , Nkeih Claudia , Singh Shailini , Mitrofanova Antonina
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of clarithromycin as adjunctive antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing non-elective cesarean delivery in comparison with no macrolides, to adapt to azithromycin shortages in COVID-19 pandemic.

Study design

We conducted a multi-center, prospective observational cohort study from March 23, 2020 through June 1, 2020. We followed all women receiving either clarithromycin or no macrolide antibiotic for adjunct surgical prophylaxis for non-elective cesarean deliveries. The primary outcome was development of postpartum endometritis. Secondary outcomes included meconium-stained amniotic fluid at time of cesarean delivery, neonatal sepsis, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. All patients in this study were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection and resulted negative.

Results

This study included 240 patients, with 133 patients receiving clarithromycin and 107 patients receiving no adjunct macrolide prophylaxis. Patients receiving clarithromycin were noted to have significantly lower rates of postpartum endometritis as compared to those who did not receive adjunct prophylaxis (4.5% versus 11.2%, p = 0.025). In crude (unadjusted) analysis, a significantly lower risk of developing endometritis was noted in the clarithromycin group as compared to the control group (66% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.95, p = 0.040). When adjusted for perceived confounders, a significant difference was again noted (67% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.97, p = 0.034). Stratified analysis of significantly different demographic factors including Black race, BMI, and age was performed. A significantly decreased risk of development of endometritis when taking clarithromycin versus no adjunct macrolide was noted for Black race women in crude and adjusted models (crude: 87% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.83, p = 0.032; adjusted: 91% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.79, p = 0.026). This was also noted for women aged 18–29 years in crude and adjusted models (crude: model, 79% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.80, p = 0.014; adjusted model: 75% decreased risk, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.94, p = 0.028). All other stratified analyses did not yield significant differences in endometritis risk.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that administration of clarithromycin for adjunctive surgical prophylaxis for non-elective cesarean deliveries may be a safe option that may provide suitable endometritis prophylaxis in cases where azithromycin is unavailable, as was the case during the start of COVID-19 pandemic, most especially for Black race women and women ages 18–29 years.
Can eating pleasure be a lever for healthy eating? A systematic scoping review of eating pleasure and its links with dietary behaviors and health
Authors: Bédard Alexandra , Lamarche Pierre-Olivier , Grégoire Lucie-Maude , Trudel-Guy Catherine , Provencher Véronique , Desroches Sophie , Lemieux Simone
Published: December 2020

The aims of this review were to map and summarize data currently available about 1) key dimensions of eating pleasure; 2) associations of eating pleasure, and its key dimensions, with dietary and health outcomes and 3) the most promising intervention strategies using eating pleasure to promote healthy eating. Using the scoping review methodology, a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature (Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, ERIC, Web of Science, CINAHL, ABI/Inform global and Sociology Abstract) and of the grey literature (ProQuest Dissertations & Theses and Google) was carried out by two independent reviewers. We included 119 of the 28,908 studies found. In total, 89 sub-dimensions of eating pleasure were grouped into 22 key dimensions. The most frequently found related to sensory experiences (in 50.9% of the documents), social experiences (42.7%), food characteristics besides sensory attributes (27.3%), food preparation process (19.1%), novelty (16.4%), variety (14.5%), mindful eating (13.6%), visceral eating (12.7%), place where food is consumed (11.8%) and memories associated with eating (10.9%). Forty-five studies, mostly cross-sectional (62.2%), have documented links between eating pleasure and dietary and/or health outcomes. Most studies (57.1%) reported favorable associations between eating pleasure and dietary outcomes. For health outcomes, results were less consistent. The links between eating pleasure and both dietary and health outcomes varied according to the dimensions of eating pleasure studied. Finally, results from 11 independent interventions suggested that strategies focusing on sensory experiences, cooking and/or sharing activities, mindful eating, and positive memories related to healthy food may be most promising. Thus, eating pleasure may be an ally in the promotion of healthy eating. However, systematically developed, evidence-based interventions are needed to better understand how eating pleasure may be a lever for healthy eating.
Assessing spatial variability of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in eroded hilly region of subtropical China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Miao , Huang Shaoyan , Zha Xuan
Published: December 2020

The hilly red soil region of southern China suffers from severe soil erosion that has led to soil degradation and loss of soil nutrients. Estimating the content and spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) and assessing the influence of topography and land-use type on SOC and STN after years of soil erosion control are important for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. A total of 375 topsoil samples were collected from Changting County, and their SOC and STN distributions were studied by using descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods. Elevation, slope, aspect and land-use type were selected to investigate the impacts of natural and human factors on the spatial heterogeneity of SOC and STN. The mean SOC and STN concentrations were 15.85 and 0.98 g kg-1with moderate spatial variations, respectively. SOC and STN exhibited relatively uniform distributions that decreased gradually from the outside parts to the center of the study area. The SOC and STN contents in the study area were still at moderate and low levels after years of erosion control, which suggests that soil nutrient improvement is a slow process. The lowest SOC and STN values were at lower elevations in the center of Changting County. The results indicated that the SOC and STN contents increased most significantly with elevation and slope due to the influence of topography on the regional natural environment and soil erosion in the eroded hilly region. No significant variations were observed among different slope directions and land-use types.
Un recorrido por el espacio doméstico de la mano de Do Ho Suh: Mantener vivos los recuerdos a pesar de todo
Authors: García Rosa
Published: December 2020

A través de las instalaciones de Do Ho Suh, en las que reconstruye los hogares en los que ha vivido, analizamos el espacio doméstico, recorremos cada una de sus habitaciones y apreciamos sus objetos y sus marcas. Atravesamos su memoria y rememoramos cada detalle de la nuestra. Reflexionando sobre la parte material y el marco artístico que envuelve las piezas, profundizamos en el carácter inmaterial de nuestros hogares y avanzamos por una serie de problemáticas que encontramos alrededor. Porque cuando pensamos en el hogar queremos apreciarlo como un refugio protector, pero no siempre es así. A menudo, nuestras historias no llegan a ningún término, manteniéndose permanentemente en el camino. Se tornan difíciles en un mundo cada vez más acelerado. Los hogares de Suh se componen de finas veladuras, de una serie de capas que se superponen con múltiples lecturas sobre el espacio que habitamos y, con ello, sobre nosotros mismos.
Didáctica de la arquitectura (re) visitando el taller en clave pedagógica.
Authors: Fiscarelli Diego Martín , Rodríguez Lucas Gastón
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo desarrolla aspectos sobre la enseñanza de la arquitectura, retomando el taller como modalidad pedagógica característica. A partir de este recorte, se propone describir sus aspectos esenciales con el objeto de inferir el tipo de formación que determina su impronta. En este sentido, se detallan fundamentalmente las interacciones que promueve, sus características y su vigencia en el abordaje de procesos proyectuales para una arquitectura contemporánea y situada. Como parte de las reflexiones, se expone que la lógica del taller, en el marco de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, determina y estimula una formación en competencias, que contribuye con la autonomía, el desarrollo personal y construye un posicionamiento personal –social y disciplinar. Y que estos valores, en torno de la práctica proyectual, promueven abordajes no lineales, en vínculo directo con el paradigma contemporáneo del pensamiento complejo.
Dubái: estrategias para una posible transición urbana
Authors: Palazzotto Emanuele
Published: December 2020

Reseña de la publicación "Dubai Forward. Architecture in a Transient City". Maggioli Editore. 2018, 122 pp, ISBN 9788891636232.
La frontera como espejo. Una propuesta de subversión de la relación humano/animal en torno a Agamben, Derrida y Deleuze
Authors: Rodríguez Alonso Guillermo
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo es una reflexión filosófica sobre las fronteras entre el Hombre y el Animal a la luz de la obra de tres filósofos contemporáneos: Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Derrida y Gilles Deleuze. En primer lugar, trataremos de definir el “humanismo metafísico” y sus dispositivos de producción de lo humano, especialmente en torno a aquello que Agamben denomina “Máquina Antropológica”, artilugio que definiremos como un “juego de espejos”. A continuación, trataremos de presentar dos posibles vías de escape de esta maquinaria y del antropocentrismo que comporta. La primera correrá a cargo de algunas propuestas de Jacques Derrida, en torno a la deconstrucción del sujeto humanista y de la relación con la alteridad animal. La segunda nos conducirá a la noción “devenir-animal” de Deleuze y Guattari. Ambas ideas nos permitirán subvertir la metafísica antropocéntrica que ha legitimado buena parte de la violencia contra la alteridad.
La democracia en el Perú: una terca voluntad
Authors: Romero Carolina
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN: La construcción de la democracia en el Perú es una vieja tarea que se realiza, aunque imperceptiblemente, lenta y tercamente tanto en la cultura política de los nuevos ciudadanos como en la organización política de la sociedad. El presente artículo es un ensayo sobre la aventura democrática en el primer lustro del siglo XXI yendo a las últimas décadas del siglo XX en el Perú, en las que la institucionalidad democrática adquiere nueva legitimidad, para entender las dificultades que los actores políticos encuentran y que se deben tomar en cuenta para hablar de la calidad de la democracia, en la línea que el artículo de Levine y Molina (2007) nos propone.ABSTRACT: The construction of democracy in Peru is a long standing challenge that has advanced slowly and stubbornly, if imperceptibly at time, in both the political culture of the citizens and the political organization of society. This article analyzes the «democratic adventure» in Peru in the first years of the 21st century in the context of the last two decades of the 20th, when democratic institutionalization achieved a new level of legitimacy, to identify the challenges to democracy that political actors have confronted. These elements will help analyze the quality of democracy along the lines proposed in the work of Levine and Molina (2007).
Identificação do tipo de acidez responsável pela agressividade de águas subterrâneas
Authors: Braga Erika de Almeida Sampaio , Romero Francisco Belmino , Aquino Marisete Dantas de , Rocha Carlos Márcio Soares , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos
Published: December 2020

O estado do Ceará localizado na região Nordeste do Brasil, encontra-se, na sua totalidade, incluído no denominado Polígono das Secas e apresenta um regime pluviométrico marcado por extrema irregularidade de chuvas. A formação geológica, com cerca de 75% de solos cristalinos, torna o potencial de águas subterrâneas bastante baixo mas não diminui sua importância como alternativa de abastecimento de água para a população. Na região é comum a captação da água subterrânea, através de poços e dependendo da agressividade da água devido à presença de acidez, situações de corrosão poderão ocorrer no concreto da estrutura da parede de proteção e segurança do poço e nas tubulações de ferro. Diante do exposto, o estudo teve como objetivo identificar o tipo de acidez responsável pela agressividade, com base no índice de saturação de Langelier em águas de poços localizados em cinco distritos de dois municípios do Estado do Ceará. As amostras foram coletadas durante os meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março de 2020 e as análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Química Ambiental do Núcleo de Tecnologia e Qualidade Industrial do Ceará. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a agressividade das águas foi devido à acidez carbônica.
OS ASPECTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: da Silva Aichely Rodrigues , Schlickmann Paulo Henrique , Coelho Abreu Dailson
Published: December 2020

A relação direta entre a saúde humana e a qualidade do ambiente refletem os aspectos sociais de determinada população, especialmente em tempos de pandemia. A pesquisa teve o objetivo de relacionar casos confirmados de Covid-19 nos municípios maranhenses aos aspectos socioeconômicos, cobertura do saneamento e saúde preventiva. A pesquisa analisou os municípios do Estado do Maranhão, para isso foram elaborados mapas temáticos das variáveis e realizada a análise de correlação espacial pelo Índice de Moran (Global e LISA). Esta pesquisa demonstrou que nas regiões Norte, Centro e Leste do Maranhão exibiram os piores indicadores socioeconômicos e a maior concentração de casos confirmados de Covid-19. Em relação aos aspectos socioeconômicos, notou-se que a desigualdade social, da falta de coleta e tratamento de efluentes domésticos e o baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano municipal (IDHm) são potenciais difusores da doença. Além disso, também há a correlação positiva entre os dados de piores índices socioeconômicos e de saúde preventiva no Estado do Maranhão. Essa análise e contribuirá com a aplicação de políticas públicas quanto à saúde e à relação com a qualidade ambiental e socioeconômica nas regiões mais vulneráveis do Estado do Maranhão.
Uso do método de análise hierárquica para a avaliação de competitividade: um estudo de caso aplicado em uma indústria de confecções no Paraná – Brasil
Authors: Ramos Manoel João , Sontag Vanessa Andreia , Prass Daniele Kern , Moraes Tatiane Gabriele
Published: December 2020

O processo de tomada de decisão baseia-se na necessidade da interação entre gestores com o intuito de obter uma melhor solução entre as possíveis alternativas. Desta forma este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma escala de importância entre cinco critérios de desempenho associados a quinze alternativas para melhorar a competitividade empresarial. Portanto, foi utilizado como instrumento analítico o método AHP. Este ferramental multicritério auxilia na tomada de decisão e na solução de problemas complexos. O estudo de caso do tipo quali-quantitativo de caráter exploratório, foi desenvolvido em uma indústria de confecções localizada no Oeste do Paraná. O Estado abriga o segundo maior polo confeccionista do Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que os critérios de maior importância englobam qualidade e flexibilidade, ambos com 38% de representatividade. Em relação as alternativas de maior importância, os resultados indicam a facilidade de alterar a programação da produção com 71% de representatividade, seguido pelas alternativas de redução de falhas nos produtos e processos com 67% e a qualificação de mão de obra com 65% de representatividade entre às demais alternativas para alcançar a meta de melhorar o desempenho e a competitividade da empresa estudada.
Aspectos e comportamentos ergonômicos no teletrabalho
Authors: Oliveira Matheus de , Keine Sandro
Published: December 2020

O fenômeno do teletrabalho, que já era aplicado em alguns setores e empresas, veio como solução fundamental para a manutenção econômica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 vivenciada em 2020. Ocorre, porém, que com a necessidade e urgência que a situação calamitosa requereu, alguns cuidados podem não ter sido tomados na transição para essa forma de trabalho, especialmente os ergonômicos. O presente artigo busca correlacionar as orientações e cuidados ergonômicos das empresas e teletrabalhadores, utilizando-se para tanto, como método, a pesquisa de forma quantitativa do tipo descritiva. Para isso, optou-se pela aplicação de um questionário online, de forma a abranger um maior número de pessoas para formação do objeto deste estudo. Suas respostas permitem a identificação do teletrabalhador, bem como  as orientações recebidas acerca do tema pelo seu empregador, além dos cuidados tomados, seja por livre iniciativa ou orientação da empresa. É a partir da análise quantitativa desses casos concretos, que o trabalho colabora para a compreensão dos aspectos ergonômicos, demonstrando que as ações de orientações ergônomicas dos empregadores acarretam um maior cuidado ergonômico do teletrabalhador, podendo se tornar importante fonte de informação útil às empresas para futuras implementações de teletrabalho.
CARELESS CHOICES, DREADFUL CONSEQUENCES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF W.W. JACOBS’ THE MONKEY’S PAW AND RICHARD MATHESON’S BUTTON, BUTTON
Authors: Asmarani Ratna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the theme of free choices and their relation to the stated consequences embodied in the two short stories, one by W.W. Jacobs entitled The Monkey’s Paw and another one by Richard Matheson entitled Button, Button. The analysis focuses on four aspects; namely, the situational triggers of the free choices, the gripping conflicts in the free choices, the ethical consequences, and the purpose of the twisted endings. The concepts borrowed to support the analysis are the concepts concerning situational choices, morality types, and ethical consequences. The research methods applied in the analysis are the combination of the library research, the textual method enriched with the relevant contexts in order to completely dig out the proposed problems The results of the discussion show that every free choice taken under whatever reason will lead to the stated consequence whether it is unbelievable or impossible. The superstitious atmosphere in The Monkey’s Paw and the mysterious atmosphere in the Button, Button, all lead to the inevitability to avoid the temptation to choose resulting in the disastrous consequences.
ACTIVE INTERFERENCE OF STUDENTS OF TOURISM DEPARTMENT, STATE POLYTECHNIC OF BALI IN JAPANESE LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Harisal Harisal Harisal , Kanah Kanah Kanah
Published: December 2020

In studying Japanese, interference is so highlighted because language interference is the most conspicuous source of error among Japanese language learners in the Department of Tourism of the State Polytechnic of Bali. This study aims to describe the type of active interference that arises in students of the Department of Tourism, State Polytechnic of Bali who study Japanese and mentions the factors of active interference. The method used is a qualitative approach to the type of research is descriptive research. The data collected in this study is not in the form of numbers but comes from percentages, field notes, personal documents, notes, memos, and other official documents so that the purpose of this qualitative research is to describe the empirical reality behind the phenomenon in-depth, detailed, and complete. Called descriptive because this study seeks to describe the type of active interference that arises in students of the tourism department, State Polytechnic of Bali. The population in this study were all students majoring in Tourism who came from three study programs who were studying Japanese. While the sample in this study was second-semester students of Hospitality study class D totaling 33 people and class E totaling 34 people, and second-semester students of programs Study of Tourism Business Management class B amounted to 34 people who were taken intentionally (purposive) from 12 classes in three study programs in Tourism department. Based on research, students of the Tourism Department, State Polytechnic of Bali showed a tendency to make an active interference in the lexical field, such as active interference of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. They namely deliberately and consciously incorporating elements of mother language and Indonesian when learning Japanese because of limited dictions, Use of Japanese vocabulary without knowing the function, and the mother tongue / Indonesian language which has taken root.
VARSÓI FORRÓ ŐSZ
Authors: Andrea Schmidt
Published: December 2020

Lengyelország Alkotmánybírósága 2020. októberében módosította az abortuszról szóló törvényt. Ezt követően országszerte tüntetések kezdődtek, az érintett nők mellett a társadalom különböző csoportjai felvonulásukkal tiltakoztak. A megmozdulás aláásta a kormányzó Jog és Igazságosság párt tekintélyét. A tiltakozások, amelyek a COVID-19 járvány árnyékában kerültek megrendezésre a kormány és a lengyel katolikus egyház összefonódása elleni tiltakozásként is értelmezhetők, miközben az járványkezeléssel szembeni elégedetlenséget is igyekeztek kifejezni. Jelen dolgozat célja az okok feltárása, elemzése, a lengyel belpolitikai viszályok bemutatása.
Mechanical Performance Studies on Composites Using Polyethylene Terephthalate Char Derived from Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Bottle–Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Rajendran Sundarakannan , Veerasimman Arumugaprabu , Vairavan Manikandan , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Rajendran Deepak Joel Johnson
Published: December 2020

In the modern world, the disposal of wastes and its reusage is always a challenging task. Many researchers have been working toward the reusage of wastes. This research article reports on one such method to reuse the pet bottles that are used worldwide. The pet bottles were crushed, then they underwent a pyrolysis process, and the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) char extracted from it was used as reinforcement for composite production. Waste bottles are collected and chopped into small pieces and packed in a closed container. This container is kept in the furnace and maintained at a temperature of 300°C. After 3 h, the plastic char is taken from the container and ball milled for about 5 h in order to obtain the PET char in fine powder form. The extraction of PET char followed by the mechanical property studies on PET char derived from waste PET bottles has been carried out to know its effectiveness as a primary reinforcement in the polyester matrix and will be discussed in detail. The PET char is reinforced with polyester composites with varying weight percentages of 5, 10, and 15 %. The addition of PET char in the polyester matrix drastically increases the tensile strength and flexural strength by 24 and 20 % compared with pure polyester matrix. From the results, it was noted that 10 % wt. PET char-reinforced composites revealed better mechanical properties, which indicates its potentiality to be used for composite manufacturing.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS IN ENROLLMENT AND STUDENT TRAINING AT VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Tran Kim Thanh , Tran The Vinh , Tran Manh Tuong , Vu Anh Linh Duy
Published: December 2020

In Vietnam, since 2015, the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam has decided to abolish university entrance exams and advocates the use of high school graduation exam results of candidates for admission to go to universities. The 2015 and 2016 exam questions for the Math exam are the essay questions. From 2017 up to now, the Ministry of Education and Training of Viet nam has applied the form of multiple-choice exams for Mathematics in the high school graduation exam. There are many mixed opinions about the impact of this form of examination and admission on the quality of university students. In particular, the switch from the form of essay examination to multiple-choice exams led the entire Vietnam Mathematical Association at that time to send recommendations on continuing to maintain the form of essay examination for mathematics. The purposes of this article are analysisand evaluation the effects of relevant factors on the academic performance of advanced math students of university students, and offer solutions to optimize university entrance exam. The data set was provided by Training Management Department and Training Quality Control and Testing Laboratory of the University of Finance – Marketing. This dataset includes information about math high school graduation test scores, learning process scores (scores assessed by direct instructors), and advanced math course end test scores of 2834 students in courses from 2015 to 2019. Linear and non-linear regression machine learning models were used to solve the tasks given in this article. An analysis of the data was conducted to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the change in university enrollment of the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training. Tools from the Python libraries have been supported and used effectively in the process of solving problems. Through building and surveying the model, there are suggestions and solutions to problems in enrollment and input quality assurance. Specifically, in the preparation of entrance exams, the entrance exam questions should not exceed 61-66 % of multiple choice questions.
Allan Sekula en Galicia: dos series fotográficas sobre trabajo, capitalismo y crisis
Authors: Rodríguez González Miguel Anxo
Published: December 2020

Allan Sekula, uno de los principales referentes de la fotografía documental, realizó dos series en Galicia: Mensaxe nunha botella (1992) y Black Tide/Marea negra (2002-2003), resultado de dos encargos, el primero de la Fotobienal de Vigo y el segundo del periódico La Vanguardia. El fotógrafo centró su atención en trabajos y personas relacionados con el mar, desde estibadores hasta voluntarios y marineros involucrados en la limpieza de la costa tras el accidente del petrolero Prestige. Esta investigación se propone analizar las series, explicar las circunstancias de su realización y responder a la pregunta de hasta qué punto, tratándose de encargos, el fotógrafo se mantuvo fiel a su programa para la “nueva fotografía documental”, establecido en los primeros años de su trayectoria.
Mujer (1931): un intento de prensa feminista republicana española
Authors: González Naranjo Rocío
Published: December 2020

La revista Mujer, que solo tuvo menos de un año de duración, hizo una labor educativa, legislativa y divulgativa sobre el papel de la mujer en la República, única en aquellos momentos. En este artículo profundizamos en esta labor, no sin olvidar que fue un espacio único donde colaboraban mujeres artistas y periodistas, difundiendo un feminismo sororo, a imagen y semejanza de lo que acontecía en el mundo asociativo del momento, eso sí, centrado en España, sin abrirse así a las iniciativas extranjeras.
Integration of the description logics axiomatic into relational data model
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Chystiakova I.S.
Published: December 2020

The paper is a logical continuation of the previously published work, which was dedicated to the creation of mappings from the description logic into binary relational data model. On base of the previously created binary relational data structure we perform mappings of the ALC axiomatic into relational data model (RDM). The results of previous research namely data structure RM2, mappings of the basic ALC concepts were used in this paper.
O Plano Real visto de fora
Authors: Henz Biasetto Bruno
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar como as quatro mais importantes publicações econômicas do mundo (The Economist, Financial Times, New York Times e The Wall Street Journal) perceberam a implementação do Plano Real em 1994. O objetivo central do artigo é analisar a percepção anglo-americana sobre o Brasil da época, com foco nas questões políticas e econômicas do país. A análise das publicações aqui realizada compreende os anos de 1993 e 1994, com um olhar detalhado para as eleições presidenciais de 1994. A pesquisa vem a evidenciar os vícios de análise das publicações, bem como os valores anglo-saxônicos influenciam a percepção sobre a América Latina.
Folklore, Literatura y Panamericanismo
Authors: Casas Matias Emiliano
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza dos viajes académicos realizados por especialistas norteamericanos a la Argentina durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ralph Steele Boggs, un folklorólogo de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte que llegó a Buenos Aires en 1940; y Edward Larocque Tinker, doctor en Literatura reconocido por sus columnas dominicales en el New York Times, que arribó al país en 1945. Ambos eran promotores de la “unidad panamericana”, se abocaron a establecer contactos con instituciones locales y generaron diferentes actividades. A partir de los documentos internos y de las publicaciones de la institución anfitriona de Boggs en Argentina y del archivo privado de Edward Larocque Tinker, nos interesa indagar cómo articularon los discursos panamericanos con las representaciones identitarias nacionales que se encontraban en plena expansión para ese período y cuáles fueron los efectos de su visita sobre la sociedad norteamericana.
El Código de Paz y la trama del panamericanismo en la década de 1930
Authors: Pita González Alexandra
Published: December 2020

El Código de la Paz fue una propuesta de la diplomacia mexicana para construir un instrumento jurídico capaz de aglutinar los tratados y acuerdos anteriores y dotarlo de mayor efectividad al crear una serie de instancias permanentes para intervenir en caso de conflictos en el continente. Como pretende mostrar este artículo a través de la documentación de Alfonso Reyes, su origen y desarrollo durante la década de 1930 estuvo relacionado con la decisión de convertir a México en un hábil negociador de las Conferencias Panamericanas. Así, a través de un caso de estudio poco analizado hasta ahora, se puede observar el papel de México en la triangulación entre los deseos hegemónicos de Estados Unidos y Argentina. Con ello se pretende afianzar las interpretaciones que analizan el panamericanismo como una trama compleja de negociaciones múltiples, desmitificando la idea de que fue un escenario donde los países latinoamericanos tuvieron poca influencia y escasa capacidad de negociación.
Entre armas e pincéis
Authors: Souza Ricardo Luiz
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar o início, o desenvolvimento e os desdobramentos da Guerra do Paraguai ou Tríplice Aliança (1864-1870). O artigo também pretende analisar as diversas interpretações historiográficas produzidas sobre o conflito e, não obstante, a relação de uma destas correntes com a produção do quadro “Batalha do Avaí” (1877), do pintor oitocentista Pedro Américo. Para finalizar, estabeleceremos uma relação entre a confecção desta tela e a sua época de produção, ou seja, a segunda metade do século XIX, já que este período foi fortemente influenciado pela chamada “pintura histórica” e pelo financiamento estatal em pinturas que buscavam retratar feitos, heróis e a grandiosidade de uma nação.
Entre o urbano e o rural
Authors: Müller Alex Juarez
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa trata do processo de urbanização das cidades de São Leopoldo, Taquara e Novo Hamburgo (RS), durante a Primeira República (1889-1930). A delimitação temporal foi escolhida por representar o período em que projetos urbanos pautados pela modernidade europeia se difundiram pelo País. O estudo tem o objetivo de compreender, através das fotografias de paisagens urbanas, o enquadramento da vida urbana local aos padrões de modernidade da época. A escolha das fotografias orientou-se, em um primeiro momento, pela identificação das imagens de paisagens urbanas nos acervos públicos locais; em uma segunda etapa, foram selecionados os lugares mais registrados pelos fotógrafos; e, por último, observou-se as fotografias repetidas em mais de um acervo, indicando reprodução e circulação. O estudo é uma análise comparativa das fotografias de paisagens urbanas das três cidades identificando semelhanças e diferenças entre elas.
Campos de experimentação agrícola na Escuela-Ayllu de Warisata
Authors: Araujo Bruno Azambuja
Published: December 2020

A Escuela-Ayllu de Warisata, localizada no altiplano boliviano entre o lago Titicaca e o nevado de Illampu, foi um projeto de educação indígena e rural ocorrido na Bolívia nos anos 1930 (1931-1940) que pretendeu integrar as concepções e os saberes das populações indígenas locais dentro dos ideais nacionais. A relação com o ambiente biofísico aparece de forma marcante na fonte autobiográfica de Elizardo Pérez, um dos fundadores do projeto. Ademais, a escola se inseria em um contexto de disputa pelo acesso à terra, pela autonomia e pelos modos de organização do espaço que colocavam em conflito as concepções das comunidades indígenas locais frente aos interesses dos grandes proprietários de terra. Nesse artigo, observamos em que medida a escola buscou “revitalizar” esses saberes indígenas e, ainda, uma memória biocultural relacionada com o ambiente do altiplano utilizando o argumento da produtividade como forma de legitimar esse projeto perante a sociedade boliviana.
Usefulness of high-frequency ultrasound in the monitoring of laser treatment of acne scars
Authors:   Life-Beauty S.C., Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland, Malinowska Sylwia , Jaguś Dominka ,   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Woźniak Witold ,   First Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Mlosek Robert Krzysztof ,   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Acne scarring is considered one of the complications of acne vulgaris. Scarring is an important aesthetic problem for patients; therefore, effective methods for scar removal are sought. In recent years, laser methods for the treatment of acne scarring have become popular as a result of technological development. Monitoring and objective assessment of treatment outcomes are important elements of laser treatment. High-frequency ultrasonography is a diagnostic modality likely to become a common tool used for this purpose. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of high-frequency ultrasonography for the monitoring of laser treatment of acne scarring. Materials and methods: The study group included 7 patients (6 women and 1 man) aged 29–43 years with evident facial acne scarring. Each patient underwent laser treatment with Alma Harmony Er:Yag laser. Ultrasound examinations were performed with high-frequency DermaMed scanner. The following parameters were assessed on ultrasound images: the thickness of epidermis and dermis, the depth and width of scars. We additionally collected photographic documentation and assessed patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes. Results: The analysis of our findings showed statistically significant changes in the thickness of the epidermis and the depth of scars. No statistically significant results were obtained for the thickness of the dermis and the extent (width) of scars. The patients rated treatment outcomes as good. Conclusions: High-frequency ultrasonography is a useful method for the monitoring of laser treatment of acne scarring.
Anurans of the Parque Municipal de Piraputangas, on the western border of the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil 
Authors: Piva Alessandher , Martins dos Santos Fernanda , da Silva Costa-Urquiza Arianna , Pereira Soares Michelly , Vinícius Santiago Urquiza Marcus , de Albuquerque Nelson Rufino
Published: December 2020

We present an annotated list of anuran species found in the Parque Municipal de Piraputangas, a protected area of a semi-deciduous forest located in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fieldwork was conducted three times per month between August 2012 and July 2013. We recorded 29 species from six families (Bufonidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, and Phyllomedusidae), representing 30% of the anuran species known to occur in Mato Grosso do Sul and 50% of the anurans recorded in this state’s semi-deciduous forests. Microhylids, leptodactylids, and bufonids were associated with terrestrial substrates, whereas most hylids and phyllomedusids were found perched on vegetation. This study will fill gaps in the knowledge on the anuran fauna of the western border of the Pantanal and will serve as a basis for additional studies that are needed to understand how species respond to habitat loss or fragmentation, such as landscape conversions, commercial logging, or mining.
Selektivitas Gillnet Dasar Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Baronang di Perairan Teluk Ambon Dalam
Authors: Sarianto Deni , Sarianto Kadi , Prasetyono Untung , Kemhay Kemhay , Syamsuddin Muhidin , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa selektifitas dari ukuran mata jaring gillnet dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan baronang di TAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif bersifat studi kasus dengan analisa data menggunakan uji t.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gillnet berukuran mata jaring 3,5 inci lebih selektif dibanding gillnet ukuran mata jaring 2,5 inci. Semakin besar ukuran mata jaring, akan menangkap ikan dengan ukuran yang semakin besar pula. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dalam persamaaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan panjang total ikan baronang terhadap rasio jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan gillnet dasar dari kedua ukuran mata jaring tersebut.Peluang tertangkap ikan pada setiap ukuran mata jaring berbeda menurut jenis, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad dan lingkar badan ikan.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa selektifitas dari ukuran mata jaring gillnet dasar terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan baronang di TAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif bersifat studi kasus dengan analisa data menggunakan uji t.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gillnet berukuran mata jaring 3,5 inci lebih selektif dibanding gillnet ukuran mata jaring 2,5 inci. Semakin besar ukuran mata jaring, akan menangkap ikan dengan ukuran yang semakin besar pula. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dalam persamaaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan panjang total ikan baronang terhadap rasio jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan gillnet dasar dari kedua ukuran mata jaring tersebut.Peluang tertangkap ikan pada setiap ukuran mata jaring berbeda menurut jenis, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad dan lingkar badan ikan.
Efektivitas β-Karoten pada Nauplius Artemia
Authors: Ernawati  , Saddang Saddang , Irwan Irwan
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas karotenoid dalam tubuh nauplius artemia yang diperkaya β-karoten. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 dosis perlakuan yaitu (0, 5, 10, 15 ppm) dan 3 kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 20 hari dengan menggunakan wadah pemeliharaan berupa baskom plastik berkapasitas 3 liter.  Pengkayaan β-karoten dilakukan selama 8 jam/hari dengan menambahkan β-karoten pada media pemeliharaan. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pengkayaan β-karoten yang efektif pada waktu pukul 08.00-16.00 WITA dan 23.00-07.00 WITA terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 10 ppm yaitu sebesar 8,812 ppm dan 10,028 ppm, dan waktu terbaik menyerap yaitu pengkayaan pada malam hari. Selama percobaan penelitian, parameter kualitas air menunjukkan kisaran optimal yaitu salinitas 32,0 – 33,0, suhu berkisar 27,0 – 30,2 oC, pH 7,8 – 8,0, dan DO 4,5 – 5,6 ppm.