bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Bridging Unit in Luminescent Pt(II) Complexes Bearing C^N*N and C^N*N^C Ligands
Authors: Buss Stefan , Cappellari María Victoria , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we explored the synthesis and characterization of Pt(II) complexes bearing different tri- and tetradentate luminophores acting as C^N*N- and C^N*N^C-chelators. Thus, we investigated diverse substitution patterns in order to improve their processability and assessed the effects of structural variations on their excited state properties. Hence, a detailed analysis of the different synthetic pathways is presented; the photophysical properties were studied by using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. We determined the absorption and emission spectra, the photoluminescence efficiencies, and the excited state lifetimes of the complexes in fluid solutions at room temperature and frozen glassy matrices at 77 K. Finally, a structure–property relationship was established, showing that the decoration of the bridging unit on the tridentate luminophores only marginally affects the excited state properties, whereas the double cyclometallation related to the tetradentate chelator prolongs the excited state lifetime and increases the photoluminescence quantum yield.
Trends and Predictors of Pediatric Negative Appendectomy Rates: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Jukić Miro , Nizeteo Petra , Matas Jakov , Pogorelić Zenon
Published: May 2023

Background: Appendectomy is still the standard treatment for acute appendicitis in the majority of centers. Despite all available diagnostic tools, the rates of negative appendectomies are still relatively high. This study aimed to determine negative appendectomy rates and to analyze the demographic and clinical data of the patients whose histopathology report was negative. Methods: All patients younger than 18 years who underwent appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis in the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021 were included in the single-center retrospective study. Electronic records and archives of histopathology reports were reviewed for patients with negative appendectomy. The primary outcome of this study was a negative appendectomy rate. Secondary outcomes comprehended the rate of appendectomies and the association of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), values of laboratory markers, scoring systems, and ultrasound reports with negative histopathology reports. Results: During the study period, a total of 1646 appendectomies for suspected acute appendicitis were performed. In 244 patients, negative appendectomy was reported regarding the patients’ pathohistology. In 39 of 244 patients, other pathologies were found, of which ovarian pathology (torsion and cysts) torsion of greater omentum and Meckel’s diverticulitis were the most frequent. Finally, the ten-year negative appendectomy rate was 12.4% (205/1646). The median age was 12 years (interquartile range, IQR 9, 15). A slight female predominance was noted (52.5%). A significantly higher incidence of negative appendectomies was noted in girls, with a peak incidence between the ages of 10 and 15 years (p < 0.0001). Male children whose appendectomy was negative had significantly higher BMI values compared to female patients (p = 0.0004). The median values of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and CRP in the patients with negative appendectomy were 10.4 × 109/L, 75.9%, and 11 mg/dL, respectively. The median of Alvarado’s score was 6 (IQR 4; 7.5), while the median of the AIR score was 5 (IQR 4, 7). The rate of children with negative appendectomy who underwent ultrasound was 34.4% (84/244), among which 47 (55.95%) concluded negative reports. The rates of negative appendectomies were not homogenous in terms of distribution regarding the season. The incidence of negative appendectomies was more frequent during the cold period of the year (55.3% vs. 44.7%; p = 0.042). Conclusions: The majority of negative appendectomies were performed in children older than 9 years and most frequently in female children aged 10 to 15 years. In addition, female children have significantly lower BMI values compared to male children with negative appendectomy. An increase in the utilization of auxiliary diagnostic methods such as computed tomography could affect the reduction in the pediatric negative appendectomy rate.
Clinical and Functional Characteristics of a New Phenotype of SMA Type I among a National Sample of Spanish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: de-Andrés-Beltrán Beatriz , Güeita-Rodríguez Javier , Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Rodríguez-Fernández Ángel Luis
Published: May 2023

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) type I has classically presented extremely severe clinical features. New pharmacological treatments have led to a new phenotype of SMA. The aim of this study was to describe the current health and functional status of children with SMA. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the STROBE guidelines. Patient questionnaires and standardized tools were used. A descriptive analysis was conducted establishing the proportions of subjects for each of the characteristics of interest. In total, 51 genetically confirmed SMA type I subjects were included. Fifty-seven percent received oral feeding, 33% received tube feeding and 10% combined both. Moreover, 21.6% had tracheostomies, and 9.8% needed more than 16 h/d ventilatory support. Regarding orthopedic status, 66.7% had scoliosis, and 68.6% had hip subluxation or dislocation. Up to 67% were able to sit independently, 23.5% walked with support and one child walked independently. Current SMA type I is a different entity from the classic phenotype but also from types II and III. In addition, no differences were found between SMA type I subgroups. These findings may enable the professionals involved in the care of these patients to improve their interventions in terms of prevention and rehabilitation measures for these children.
Cellular and Genetic Background of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Urlić Inga , Jovičić Marijana Šimić , Ostojić Karla , Ivković Alan
Published: May 2023

Osteosarcoma describes a tumor of mesenchymal origin with an annual incidence rate of four to five people per million. Even though chemotherapy treatment has shown success in non-metastatic osteosarcoma, metastatic disease still has a low survival rate of 20%. A targeted therapy approach is limited due to high heterogeneity of tumors, and different underlying mutations. In this review, we will summarize new advances obtained by new technologies, such as next generation sequencing and single-cell sequencing. These new techniques have enabled better assessment of cell populations within osteosarcoma, as well as an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. We also discuss the presence and properties of osteosarcoma stem cells—the cell population within the tumor that is responsible for metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance.
Superconductors with a Topological Gap
Authors: Diamantini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2023

I review a new superconductivity mechanism in which the gap is opened through a topological mechanism and not through the Landau mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As a consequence, the low-energy effective theory which describes these new superconductors is not the Landau–Ginzburg theory, formulated in terms of a local-order parameter, but a topological-field theory formulated in terms of emerging gauge fields. This new mechanism is realized as global superconductivty in Josephson junction arrays and in thin superconducting films with thicknesses comparable to the superconducting coherence length, which exhibits emergent granularity.
The CADTH pCODR Expert Review Committee Process Explained. Comment on Rayson et al. Access to Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer in Canada: A Dilemma Increasingly Difficult to Explain. Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29, 9891–9895
Authors: Trudeau Maureen , Fraser Brent
Published: May 2023

CADTH read with interest the commentary published on 16 December 2022, entitled “Access to Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer in Canada: A Dilemma Increasingly Difficult to Explain” [...]
Reply to Trudeau, M.; Fraser, B. The CADTH pCODR Expert Review Committee Process Explained. Comment on “Rayson et al. Access to Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer in Canada: A Dilemma Increasingly Difficult to Explain. Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29, 9891–9895”
Authors: Rayson Daniel , Gandhi Sonal , Joy Anil A. , Brezden-Masley Christine , Gelmon Karen A. , Sehdev Sandeep , Cescon David , Chia Stephen
Published: May 2023

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comment [...]
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Fractional Dynamics of Infectious Diseases with Control Measures
Authors: Alyobi Sultan , Jan Rashid
Published: May 2023

Infectious diseases can have a significant economic impact, both in terms of healthcare costs and lost productivity. This can be particularly significant in developing countries, where infectious diseases are more prevalent, and healthcare systems may be less equipped to handle them. It is recognized that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a critical global public health issue. In this study, we develop a comprehensive model for HBV infection that includes vaccination and hospitalization through a fractional framework. It has been shown that the solutions of the recommended system of HBV infection are positive and bounded. We examine the steady states of the model and determine the basic reproduction number; denoted by R0. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of the model is demonstrated using mathematical skills and numerical techniques. It has been proved that the infection-free steady state of the system is locally asymptotically stable if R0<1 and unstable otherwise. Furthermore, the Ulam–Hyers stability (UHS) of the recommended fractional models is investigated and the significant conditions are provided. We present an iterative technique to visualize the dynamical behavior of the system. We perform different simulations to illustrate the effect of different input factors on the solution pathways of the system of HBV infection to conceptualize the role of parameters in the control and prevention of the infection.
Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxidized Beechwood Pyrolysis Bio-Oil as a Curing Agent of Bio-Based Novolac Resin
Authors: Xu Jie , Brodu Nicolas , Abdelouahed Lokmane , Mohabeer Chetna , Taouk Bechara
Published: May 2023

A bio-oil-based epoxy (BOE) resin was synthesized using phenolic compounds from beechwood pyrolysis oil. These compounds were separated from crude pyrolysis oil by coupling two methods: fractional condensation and water extraction. The chemical structure of the BOE resin was characterized by NMR and FTIR analyses. BOE resin was used as a curing agent of bio-oil glyoxal novolac (BOG) resin to gradually replace bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA). The thermal properties of cured resins and kinetic parameters of the curing reaction using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were discussed. Incorporating the BOE resin resulted in a lower curing temperature and activation energy compared to using DGEBA. These results indicate that the water-insoluble fraction of pyrolysis oil condensate can potentially be used to synthesize high-thermal performance and sustainable epoxidized pyrolysis bio-oil resins and also demonstrate its application as a curing agent of bio-oil glyoxal novolac (BOG) resin.
Correction: Jaik et al. Photomotion of Hydrogels with Covalently Attached Azo Dye Moieties—Thermoresponsive and Non-Thermoresponsive Gels. Gels 2022, 8, 541
Authors: Jaik Thorben G. , Flatae Assegid M. , Soltani Navid , Reuschel Philipp , Agio Mario , Descrovi Emiliano , Jonas Ulrich
Published: May 2023

In the original publication [...]
Machine Learning in Urban Tree Canopy Mapping: A Columbia, SC Case Study for Urban Heat Island Analysis
Authors: Morgan Grayson R. , Fulham Alexander , Farmer T. Grant
Published: May 2023

As the world’s urban population increases to the predicted 70% of the total population, urban infrastructure and built-up land will continue to grow as well. This growth will continue to have an impact on the urban heat island effect in all of the world’s cities. The urban tree canopy has been found to be one of the few factors that can lessen the effects of the urban heat island effect. This study seeks to accomplish two objectives: first, we examine the use of a commonly used machine learning classifier (e.g., Support Vector Machine) for identifying the urban tree canopy using no-cost high resolution NAIP imagery. Second, we seek to use Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps derived from no-cost Landsat thermal imagery to identify correlations between canopy loss and temperature hot spot increases over a 14-year period in Columbia, SC, USA. We found the SVM imagery classifier was highly accurate in classifying both the 2005 imagery (94.3% OA) and the 2019 imagery (94.25% OA) into canopy and other classes. We found the color infrared image available in the 2019 NAIP imagery better for identifying canopy than the true color images available in 2005 (97.8% vs. 90.2%). Visual analysis based on the canopy maps and LST maps showed temperatures rose near areas where tree canopy was lost, and urban development continued. Future studies will seek to improve classification methods by including other classes, other ancillary data sets (e.g., LiDAR), new classification methods (e.g., deep learning), and analytical methods for change detection analysis.
On the Inheritance of Microbiome-Deficiency: Paediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, the Immune System and the Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Smith David , Jheeta Sohan , López-Cortés Georgina I. , Street Bernadette , Fuentes Hannya V. , Palacios-Pérez Miryam
Published: May 2023

Like the majority of non-communicable diseases that have recently gained attention, functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGID) in both children and adults are caused by a variety of medical conditions. In general, while it is often thought that common conditions such as obesity may cause other problems, for example, asthma or mental health issues, more consideration needs to be given to the possibility that they could both be brought on by a single underlying problem. Based on the variations in non-communicable disease, in recent years, our group has been revisiting the exact role of the intestinal microbiome within the Vertebrata. While the metabolic products of the microbiome have a role to play in the adult, our tentative conclusion is that the fully functioning, mutualistic microbiome has a primary role: to transfer antigen information from the mother to the neonate in order to calibrate its immune system, allowing it to survive within the microbial environment into which it will emerge. Granted that the microbiome possesses such a function, logic suggests the need for a robust, flexible, mechanism allowing for the partition of nutrition in the mature animal, thus ensuring the continued existence of both the vertebrate host and microbial guest, even under potentially unfavourable conditions. It is feasible that this partition process acts by altering the rate of peristalsis following communication through the gut–brain axis. The final step of this animal–microbiota symbiosis would then be when key microbes are transferred from the female to her progeny, either live offspring or eggs. According to this scheme, each animal inherits twice, once from its parents’ genetic material and once from the mother’s microbiome with the aid of the father’s seminal microbiome, which helps determine the expression of the parental genes. The key point is that the failure of this latter inheritance in humans leads to the distinctive manifestations of functional FGID disorders including inflammation and gut motility disturbances. Furthermore, it seems likely that the critical microbiome–gut association occurs in the first few hours of independent life, in a process that we term handshaking. Note that even if obvious disease in childhood is avoided, the underlying disorders may intrude later in youth or adulthood with immune system disruption coexisting with gut–brain axis issues such as excessive weight gain and poor mental health. In principle, investigating and perhaps supplementing the maternal microbiota provide clinicians with an unprecedented opportunity to intervene in long-term disease processes, even before the child is born.
Factors Associated with Primary Care Provider’s Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in China: A Machine Learning-Based Random Forest Analysis
Authors: Wang Quan , Liu Siqi , Fu Yaqun , Zhang Jiawei , Wei Xia , Zhu Zemeng , Wang Ting , Yang Li
Published: May 2023

The objective of the study is to explore the factors that influence the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of primary care providers in China, with a focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rescission of restriction policies. We utilized the 20-item Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and the 25-item organizational commitment survey to assess job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In total, 435 valid responses were included in our analysis. The average scores for job satisfaction and organizational commitment were 80.6 and 90.8. After a two-step tuning process, we built random forest models by machine learning. The results show income change, working years, working years in the current institute, and age were the four most important features associated with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and most of their dimensions. The number of professional fields engaged, gender, job status, and types of endowment insurance were least associated. During pandemic time, income-related factors remain a core concern for primary care providers, whereas job security may lose its importance. These findings suggest that financial bonuses may be an effective way to boost morale, and age-specific motivation plans may be necessary.
Effective Patient–Dentist Communication with a Simulation System for Orthodontics
Authors: Chiang Yi-Cheng , Wu Fan , Ko Shu-Han
Published: May 2023

Orthodontic treatment is a common dental treatment. A complete treatment often takes several years and is costly. In order to increase the degree of satisfaction and reduce the gap between the expectations of the patient and the limitations of orthodontics, orthodontists and patients should have sufficient communication. A simulation system can provide a good channel for communication between orthodontists and patients. This paper proposes a 3D dentist–patient communication system for the simulation of orthodontics in advance. The system collects the clinical paradigms of orthodontic cases, which must contain photos from before, during, and after maxillofacial treatment. This research simulates treatment processes by tuning a 3D virtual model of the oral and maxillofacial areas, including the face, mouth, and teeth, to demonstrate the processes of clinical paradigms. These 3D models could be edited and synthesized to generate new 3D models for simulation with the 3DS Max tool. In addition, the proposed system provides a function for the orthodontist to manually operate the 3D virtual model, such as tooth arrangement, morphing of the gums with movement of the teeth, the placement (attachment) of arch-wires and brackets, and changes of facial appearance. The orthodontist can demonstrate the treatment processes, show movements of the teeth, and answer possible questions from the patient about the treatment processes by using the 3D model. To show the effectiveness of the proposed system, a questionnaire about the system was also used to demonstrate its acceptance, usability, and validity. Qualitative interviews with dentists and questionnaires for patients about the system are both performed. The results showed that the proposed system is an effective vehicle for communication between patients and orthodontists.
A Study on the Factors Influencing Smoking in Multicultural Youths in Korea
Authors: Park Jin-Hee , Kim Mi-Jin , Lee Hee-Joo
Published: May 2023

Based on the ecological integration model, this study examined the factors affecting smoking in adolescents from multicultural families by dividing them into two levels: microsystem and social network factors. The data were from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS) from 2016 to 2020. It included 4577 respondents whose fathers, mothers, or both, were not born in Korea. The factors affecting smoking among multicultural teenagers were determined by a composite-sample multiple logistic regression analysis. Male smoking rates among multicultural adolescents were 2.49 times higher than female rates in the microsystem. When the father was “Korean” rather than a “Foreigner”, smoking was 0.55 times lower in family factors in terms of social network. In social factors of social networks, multicultural adolescents’ smoking was 12.02 times greater when they were drinking than when they were not, and 3.62 times higher when the answer to the question of whether they had experienced violence was “yes” than “no.” Based on the ecological model in this study, social factors such as drinking, and violence were highly related to smoking. Since multicultural adolescents were closely influenced by the surrounding environment, such as family, school, and social relationship, it was necessary to let parents and schoolteachers be involved in the intervention of smoking of multicultural adolescents so that they can help multicultural adolescents adjust better to school and perform better academically while decreasing risky behaviors for their health, such as drinking and, ultimately, smoking.
Impact of Movement Control Training Using a Laser Device on the Neck Pain and Movement of Patients with Cervicogenic Headache: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bae Songui , Jung Juhyeon , Moon Dongchul
Published: May 2023

This study verified the effect of movement control training using a laser device on the neck pain and movement of patients with cervicogenic headache. A total of twenty outpatients recruited from two Busan hospitals were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group underwent movement control training with visual biofeedback, while the control group performed self-stretching. Both groups received therapeutic massage and upper cervical spine mobilization. A four-week intervention program was also conducted. Measurement tools including the cervical flexion–rotation test, visual analog scale, Headache Impact Test-6, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, sensory discrimination, and Neck Disability Index helped assess the participating patients before and after the intervention. Additionally, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test helped determine inter and intra-group variations, respectively, before and after the intervention. Most of the measurement regions revealed significant changes post-intervention within the experimental group, while only the cervical flexion–rotation test, visual analog scale, Headache Impact Test-6, and Neck Disability Index indicated significant changes post-intervention within the control group. There were also considerable inter-group differences. Thus, movement control training using a laser device more effectively improves neck pain and movement of patients with cervicogenic headache.
Psychoactive Comfort Products or Snacks: How Chinese Young Adults Perceive the Potentially Addictive Nature of E-Cigarettes
Authors: Song Apei , Zhang Zihan , Liu Zixi
Published: May 2023

The potential health value and pitfalls of e-cigarettes are currently under dispute in the scientific community. Exploring young adult e-cigarette users’ perceptions would assist in adding a public dimension of understanding to the literature and in scientific public health decision making. Therefore, in this study, we collected and analyzed data from interviews with young adult (n = 14) e-cigarette users and found that many referred to e-cigarettes as “snacks,” indicating that they considered that both their frequency of use and addiction were manageable and that they could stop using e-cigarettes at any time. To further understand the behavior of Chinese young adults in relation to their perception of e-cigarettes as a “snack”, the study developed a social context framework (crossroads model) and psychological judgment model to explain how youth e-cigarette users’ perception of “controlled addiction and ready cessation” arises. These models can be used to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarette policy.
Factors Associated with Reported COVID-like Symptoms and Seroprevalence Data Matched with COVID-like Symptoms in Slums and Non-Slums of Two Major Cities in Bangladesh
Authors: Razzaque Abdur , Huda Tarique Mohammad Nurul , Chowdhury Razib , Haq Md. Ahsanul , Sarker Protim , Akhtar Evana , Billah Md Arif , Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Hoque Dewan Md. Emdadul , Ahmed Shehlina , Ahmed Yasmin H. , Tofail Fahmida , Raqib Rubhana
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To examine the levels and socio-demographic differentials of: (a) reported COVID-like symptoms; and (b) seroprevalence data matched with COVID-like symptoms. Methods: Survey data of reported COVID-like symptoms and seroprevalence were assessed by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Survey data of 10,050 individuals for COVID-like symptoms and seroprevalence data of 3205 individuals matched with COVID-like symptoms were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Results: The odds of COVID-like symptoms were significantly higher for Chattogram city, for non-slum, people having longer years of schooling, working class, income-affected households, while for households with higher income had lower odd. The odds of matched seroprevalence and COVID-like symptoms were higher for non-slum, people having longer years of schooling, and for working class. Out of the seropositive cases, 37.77% were symptomatic—seropositive, and 62.23% were asymptomatic, while out of seronegative cases, 68.96% had no COVID-like symptoms. Conclusions: Collecting community-based seroprevalence data is important to assess the extent of exposure and to initiate mitigation and awareness programs to reduce COVID-19 burden.
Manual Friction with Ethyl Alcohol at 70% (w/v) to Disinfect Three-Way Stopcocks
Authors: de Souza Gisele Tais Roldão , Monteiro Rachel Maciel , Bim Lucas Lazarini , Bim Felipe Lazarini , da Cruz Tatiana Areas , Ferreira Adriano Menis , de Souza Hermann Paula Regina , de Andrade Denise , Watanabe Evandro
Published: May 2023

The disinfection procedures aim to reduce the microbial load, but there are doubts about the risks of contamination spreading into the lumens of devices, such as three-way stopcocks (3-WS). This study aimed at an in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial procedure of manual friction of 3-WS intentionally contaminated and to determine the solution dispersion into the lumens. Laboratory experiments were developed in two steps: evaluation of bacterial spread through intentional contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and alcohol dispersion into the 3-WS lumens. After manual friction of the 3-WS with saline solution at 0.85% (w/v) [control group], S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were isolated in the lumens of 55.6% and 27.8% of the devices, respectively. However, after the disinfection of the 3-WS with ethyl alcohol at 70% (w/v), there was no bacterial contamination in the lumens of the 3-WS. On the other hand, the solution dispersion (dye) into the lumens was evidenced by two different techniques: Durham tubes (5.6%) and swabs (46.3%). The manual friction of the 3-WS with ethyl alcohol at 70% demonstrated antibacterial efficacy, but it refers to reflections on the risk of solution diffusion into the venous network and the inherent clinical practice situations and patient safety.
Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) in Zebrafish Brain Exposed to Aluminum
Authors: Bianchi Anna Rita , La Pietra Alessandra , Guerretti Valeria , De Maio Anna , Capriello Teresa , Ferrandino Ida
Published: May 2023

Poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, responsible for ADP-ribose polymer synthesis (PAR) from NAD+. PAR turnover is assured by poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase (PARGs) enzymes. In our previous study, the altered histology of zebrafish brain tissue, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration also with poly(ADPribosyl)ation hyperactivation, was demonstrated after aluminum (Al) exposure for 10 and 15 days. On the basis of this evidence, the aim of the present research was to study the synthesis and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days. For this reason, PARP and PARG expression analyses were carried out, and ADPR polymers were synthesized and digested. The data showed the presence of different PARP isoforms, among which a human PARP1 counterpart was also expressed. Moreover, the highest PARP and PARG activity levels, responsible for the PAR production and its degradation, respectively, were measured after 10 and 15 days of exposure. We suppose that PARP activation is related to DNA damage induced by Al, while PARG activation is needed to avoid PAR accumulation, which is known to inhibit PARP and promote parthanatos. On the contrary, PARP activity decrease at longer exposure times suggests that neuronal cells could adopt the stratagem of reducing polymer synthesis to avoid energy expenditure and allow cell survival.
Zebrafish as an Experimental Model for Human Disease
Authors: Tonon Federica , Grassi Gabriele
Published: May 2023

Belonging to the family of Cyprinidae, the zebrafish is a small freshwater fish present in the rivers of Bangladesh, Northern India and Southern Nepal [...]
Inflammation: The Link between Neural and Vascular Impairment in the Diabetic Retina and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Ramos Hugo , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael , Simó-Servat Olga
Published: May 2023

The etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex, multifactorial and compromises all the elements of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU). This diabetic complication has a chronic low-grade inflammatory component involving multiple inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. The diabetic milieu promotes reactive gliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment, which contribute to the disruption of the blood retinal barrier. The understanding and the continuous research of the mechanisms behind the strong inflammatory component of the disease allows the design of new therapeutic strategies to address this unmet medical need. In this context, the aim of this review article is to recapitulate the latest research on the role of inflammation in DR and to discuss the efficacy of currently administered anti-inflammatory treatments and those still under development.
GNAQ-Regulated ZO-1 and ZO-2 Act as Tumor Suppressors by Modulating EMT Potential and Tumor-Repressive Microenvironment in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyung Seok , Lee Su In , Choi Yu Rim , Kim Jiyun , Eun Jung Woo , Song Kyoung Seob , Jeong Jee-Yeong
Published: May 2023

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the development and progression of lung cancer by promoting its invasiveness and metastasis. Using integrative analyses of the public lung cancer database, we found that the expression levels of the tight junction proteins, zonula occluden (ZO)-1 and ZO-2, were lower in lung cancer tissues, including both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma than in normal lung tissues analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Although the ectopic expression or knockdown of ZO-1 and ZO-2 did not affect the growth of lung cancer cells, they significantly regulated cell migration and invasion. When M0 macrophages were co-cultured with ZO-1 or ZO-2 knockdown Calu-1 cells, M2-like polarization was efficiently induced. Conversely, co-culture of M0 THP-1 cells with A549 cells stably expressing ZO-1 or ZO-2 significantly reduced M2 differentiation. We also identified G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ) as a potential ZO-1- and ZO-2-specific activator through analysis of correlated genes with the TCGA lung cancer database. Our results suggest that the GNAQ-ZO-1/2 axis may play a tumor-suppressive role in lung cancer development and progression and highlight ZO-1 and ZO-2 as key EMT- and tumor microenvironment-suppressive proteins. These findings provide new insights for the development of targeted therapies for lung cancer.
The Function of MondoA and ChREBP Nutrient—Sensing Factors in Metabolic Disease
Authors: Ahn Byungyong
Published: May 2023

Obesity is a major global public health concern associated with an increased risk of many health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic inflexibility, which interferes with the body’s ability to switch from free fatty acids to carbohydrate substrates, as well as with the ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in non-adipose tissue, such as that of skeletal muscle, the liver, heart, and pancreas. Recent studies have demonstrated that MondoA (MLX-interacting protein or MLXIP) and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP, also known as MLXIPL and MondoB) play crucial roles in the regulation of nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis in the body. This review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the function of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and related pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which MondoA and ChREBP transcription factors regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolically active organs. Understanding the underlying mechanism of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and obesity can foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases.
Advances, Limitations and Future Challenges in the Management of Immunotherapy for Hematological Diseases and Solid Tumors
Authors: Tennstedt Pierre , Oh-Hohenhorst Su Jung
Published: May 2023

Our immune system is able to attack cancer cells by recognizing cellular mistakes and destroying them [...]
Metabolomics Approach Reveals Important Glioblastoma Plasma Biomarkers for Tumor Biology
Authors: Ferrasi Adriana C. , Puttini Ricardo , Galvani Aline F. , Hamamoto Filho Pedro T. , Delafiori Jeany , Argente Victoria D. , de Oliveira Arthur N. , Dias-Audibert Flávia L. , Catharino Rodrigo R. , Silva Octavio C. , Zanini Marco A. , Kurokawa Gabriel A. , Lima Estela O.
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with poor overall survival even after treatment. To better understand tumor biochemical alterations and broaden the potential targets of GB, this study aimed to evaluate differential plasma biomarkers between GB patients and healthy individuals using metabolomics analysis. Plasma samples from both groups were analyzed via untargeted metabolomics using direct injection with an electrospray ionization source and an LTQ mass spectrometer. GB biomarkers were selected via Partial Least Squares Discriminant and Fold-Change analyses and were identified using tandem mass spectrometry with in silico fragmentation, consultation of metabolomics databases, and a literature search. Seven GB biomarkers were identified, some of which were unprecedented biomarkers for GB, including arginylproline (m/z 294), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (m/z 143), and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (m/z 982). Notably, four other metabolites were identified. The roles of all seven metabolites in epigenetic modulation, energy metabolism, protein catabolism or folding processes, and signaling pathways that activate cell proliferation and invasion were elucidated. Overall, the findings of this study highlight new molecular targets to guide future investigations on GB. These molecular targets can also be further evaluated to derive their potential as biomedical analytical tools for peripheral blood samples.
Design and Identification of Inhibitors for the Spike-ACE2 Target of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bastos Ruan S. , Lima Lúcio R. de , Neto Moysés F. A. , Maryam  , Yousaf Numan , Cruz Jorddy N. , Campos Joaquín M. , Kimani Njogu M. , Ramos Ryan S. , Santos Cleydson B. R.
Published: May 2023

When an epidemic started in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019, coronavirus was identified as the cause. Infection by the virus occurs through the interaction of viral S protein with the hosts’ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. By leveraging resources such as the DrugBank database and bioinformatics techniques, ligands with potential activity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were designed and identified in this investigation. The FTMap server and the Molegro software were used to determine the active site of the Spike-ACE2 protein’s crystal structure. Virtual screening was performed using a pharmacophore model obtained from antiparasitic drugs, obtaining 2000 molecules from molport®. The ADME/Tox profiles were used to identify the most promising compounds with desirable drug characteristics. The binding affinity investigation was then conducted with selected candidates. A molecular docking study showed five structures with better binding affinity than hydroxychloroquine. Ligand_003 showed a binding affinity of −8.645 kcal·mol−1, which was considered an optimal value for the study. The values presented by ligand_033, ligand_013, ligand_044, and ligand_080 meet the profile of novel drugs. To choose compounds with favorable potential for synthesis, synthetic accessibility studies and similarity analyses were carried out. Molecular dynamics and theoretical IC50 values (ranging from 0.459 to 2.371 µM) demonstrate that these candidates are promising for further tests. Chemical descriptors showed that the candidates had strong molecule stability. Theoretical analyses here show that these molecules have potential as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals and therefore warrant further investigation.
Research Progress on the Synthesis of Nanosized and Hierarchical Beta Zeolites
Authors: Hong Luwei , Zang Jiazhong , Li Bin , Liu Guanfeng , Wang Yinbin , Wu Luming
Published: May 2023

Beta zeolite, a crystal material with a three-dimensional twelve-ring cross-channel structure, has many advantages, such as high Brønsted acid concentration, high Si/Al ratio, thermal/hydrothermal stability, and large surface area. Due to these advantages, beta zeolite shows excellent catalytic performance in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes. However, traditionally microporous beta zeolite has strong steric hindrance and diffusion restrictions, which hinder large molecules from passing through its internal channels. In addition, carbon deposition occurs, resulting in catalyst deactivation. The main strategy to solve this problem is to prepare nanosized or hierarchical beta zeolites, which allow for large molecule conversion and shortening diffusion pathways. Therefore, researchers have explored different synthesis strategies to prepare beta zeolite with different particle sizes and porosities to obtain better zeolite catalysts. This paper briefly describes the recent research progress in the preparation of nanosized and hierarchical beta zeolite. Additionally, the mechanisms of various preparation methods, structural characteristics, and applications of the materials are introduced in detail. Furthermore, the main problems existing in its industrial application are describing by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods to prepare optimally nanosized and hierarchical zeolite to meet the requirements of industrial development.
Land Suitability Analysis for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case of Nabatiyeh Region in Lebanon
Authors: Al-Ghorayeb Amal , Al-Shaar Walid , Elkordi Adel , Faour Ghaleb , Al-Shaar Mohamad , Attalah Youssef
Published: May 2023

Urbanization has led to the degradation of green areas and natural resources, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and natural benefits. Sustainable urban development (SUD) practices aim to balance urbanization with preserving and protecting green land and natural resources to achieve greater sustainability. This study evaluated land suitability for SUD in the Nabatiyeh area of Lebanon using a multi-criteria decision analysis technique, the analytical hierarchy process, combined with a geographic information system. The elevations and slopes were the most important criteria, followed by the distances from urban agglomeration and industrial areas, accessibility, and land cover types, with corresponding weights of 34% and 36%, 12%, 9%, 6%, and 3%, respectively. The study created a suitability map for future SUD. This identification assists urban planners and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding the development of urban areas. The study’s findings highlight the efficiency of combining multi-criteria decision analysis with geospatial techniques for urban planning and environmental management in promoting sustainable development and protecting the environment. Future research could explore the possibility of integrating administrative reforms to promote SUD, including improving governance, enhancing the efficiency of governmental agencies responsible for urban development, building scientific capacities, and increasing officials’ accountability.
Spatial and Temporal Non-Uniform Changes in Left Ventricular Myocardial Strain in Dogs with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Ghaleh Bijan , Barthélemy Inès , Sambin Lucien , Bizé Alain , Corboz Daphné , Hittinger Luc , Blot Stéphane , Su Jin Bo
Published: May 2023

Background: Understanding and effectively treating dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy is of high importance for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients due to their prolonged lifespan. We used two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to analyze more deeply the non-uniformity of myocardial strain within the left ventricle during the progression of cardiomyopathy in golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs. Methods: The circumferential strain (CS) and longitudinal strain (LS) of left ventricular (LV) endocardial, middle and epicardial layers were analyzed from three parasternal short-axis views and three apical views, respectively, in GRMD (n = 22) and healthy control dogs (n = 7) from 2 to 24 months of age. Results: In GRMD dogs, despite normal global systolic function (normal LV fractional shortening and ejection fraction), a reduction in systolic CS was detected in the three layers of the LV apex but not in the LV middle-chamber and base at 2 months of age. This spatial heterogeneity in CS progressed with age, whereas a decrease in systolic LS could be detected early at 2 months of age in the three layers of the LV wall from three apical views. Conclusions: Analyzing the evolution of myocardial CS and LS in GRMD dogs reveals spatial and temporal non-uniform alterations of LV myocardial strain, providing new insights into the progression of dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy in this relevant model of DMD.
Process Window and Repeatability of Thermomechanical Tangential Ring Rolling
Authors: Lafarge Rémi , Hütter Sebastian , Halle Thorsten , Brosius Alexander
Published: May 2023

International objectives towards improved resource and energy efficiency require new manufacturing processes, such as the proposed thermomechanical tangential profiled ring rolling process. A rapid cooling-down for microstructural adjustment and a final calibration step via cold forming are combined into one single step. The reduction of process steps and the reduced number of heating cycles present opportunities for improved energy efficiency compared to traditional processes. Based on a series of experiments, this paper aims at showing the potential of this new process in terms of obtainable hardness and microstructure. The influence of the active cooling system and the rolling feed is demonstrated. They are identified as essential with regard to both the geometry and the microstructural properties of the produced part. Finally, the repeatability of the process is analyzed, and potential disturbances are identified and ranked.
Improved Shear Strength Equation for Reinforced Concrete Columns Retrofitted with Hybrid Concrete Jackets
Authors: Ro Kyong Min , Kim Min Sook , Lee Young Hak
Published: May 2023

The adequacy of retrofitting with concrete jacketing is influenced by the bonding between the old section and jacketing section. In this study, five specimens were fabricated, and cyclic loading tests were performed to investigate the integration behavior of the hybrid concrete jacketing method under combined loads. The experimental results showed that the strength of the proposed retrofitting method increased approximately three times compared to the old column, and bonding capacity was also improved. This paper proposed a shear strength equation that considers the slip between the jacketed section and the old section. Moreover, a factor was proposed for considering the reduction in the shear capacity of the stirrup resulting from the slippage between the mortar and stirrup utilized on the jacketing section. The accuracy and validity of the proposed equations were examined through a comparison with the ACI 318-19 design criteria and test results.
Zeolite-Encaged Luminescent Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Pan Ling , Ye Song , Xv Xinling , Lin Peixuan , Huang Ruihao , Wang Deping
Published: May 2023

Silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) are nanoscale aggregates that possess molecular-like discrete energy levels, resulting in electronic configuration-dependent tunable luminescence spanning the entire visible range. Benefiting from the efficient ion exchange capacity, nanometer dimensional cages, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, zeolites have been employed as desirable inorganic matrices to disperse and stabilize Ag NCs. This paper reviewed the recent research progresses on the luminescence properties, spectral manipulation, as well as the theoretical modelling of electronic structure and optical transition of Ag NCs confined inside various zeolites with different topology structures. Furthermore, potential applications of the zeolite-encaged luminescent Ag NCs in lighting, gas monitoring and sensing were presented. This review concludes with a brief comment on the possible future directions in the study of zeolite-encaged luminescent Ag NCs.