bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented reality for constructivist learning at work: current perspectives and future applications
Authors: Bödding Rabea , Bentler Dominik , Maier Günter W.
Published: August 2023

This manuscript for the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) addresses the use of a new and very promising technology for work-related learning, Augmented Reality. New technological solutions have and continue to impact work in different areas, one of which is work-related learning. While Augmented Reality has been subject to numerous studies in the context of work and work training, there is a need for more detailed discussion of its relation to the theoretical foundations of learning and the therein based implications for designing and testing learning environments in Augmented Reality. For this purpose, our paper first reviews current perspectives on Augmented Reality and its value for work-related learning, before introducing and examining the concept of Instructional Design Methods. These are abstract mechanisms that can be used to support training using Augmented Reality based on expert performance. Through thorough discussion of these methods, we pose new perspectives on their application for future research and practical application.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a hybrid day care procedure: a case series of the first 53 patients at a tertiary care center
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammad S. , Babiker Ayman M. , Alsuhaibani Youssuf A.
Published: August 2023

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most common bariatric procedure. Outpatient LSG is gaining popularity, but the literature is conflicting regarding its safety. Innovative approaches are needed to improve access to bariatric surgery. In this pilot study, we proposed an alternative approach to assess the safety and efficacy of LSG in selected cases as hybrid day care surgery. Data were collected retrospectively from 53 patients who underwent LSG between June 2017 and September 2020 using a hybrid day care approach. Outcomes of the study included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcome variables, including conversion to inpatient care, emergency room visits after discharge, and patient satisfaction. Fifty-three patients (68% females) were included in the study. Mean age was 35.32 years, and mean preoperative body mass index was 42.93. The most common comorbidity was type 2 diabetes mellitus (30.2%), followed by hypertension (15.09%), hypothyroidism (13.2%), and dyslipidemia (9.4%). One (1.89%) patient visited the emergency room because of abdominal pain and was managed and discharged with analgesia. Readmission within 24 h of discharge was not required. One (1.89%) patient developed a staple line gastric leak two weeks after the surgery and was successfully managed with a gastric stent. The series had no mortality, with high patient and family satisfaction. Our approach to performing LSG in hybrid day care surgery is safe and feasible. Adopting this protocol will improve the utilization of resources, while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction with safety outcomes comparable to the current practice.

Graphical abstract
Minimal machines: augmented reality for filament-construction of partially ordered systems in architecture
Authors: Bonavia Elaine , Farmer Jessica , Mballa-Ekobena Alexandre , Rosenthal Nikolai , Douny Laurence , Dierichs Karola
Published: August 2023

Wearable augmented reality-supported technology allows for tracking and informing the interrelation of craftspeople with the architectural structure they are working on. Especially when dealing with partially ordered rather than fully ordered material systems, this feedback is relevant since toolpaths cannot be established a priori but rather evolve during the architectural construction process itself. On the one hand, partially ordered material systems have the potential of adapting to conditions both internal and external to the structure. On the other hand, they can be considered as structures that are constantly evolving: instead of demolishing a building, it could be continuously repaired. While a large range of investigations involve robots equipped with sensory feedback to address this topic, only few studies have attempted to equip humans with a minimal amount of technology so as to harness human sensory intelligence, merely enhancing it with technology. This article introduces the current state of the field of augmented reality and partially ordered systems in architectural construction with a focus on filament-laying processes. Then, it presents a newly developed framework for augmented construction with designed filaments for partially ordered fabrics in architecture, encompassing both the wearable hardware and the custom-developed software. The principles of systems in human-made filament-based architecture are introduced and set in relation to similar role model systems in animal-made architecture. Then, three experiments of increasing complexity investigate the human-to-machine, the machine-to-human and the machine-to-human-to-machine communication. A final integrative demonstrator serves to investigate the framework for augmented reality in construction on a full architectural scale. As an outlook, areas of further research—such as the integration of artificial intelligence into the feedback loop—are discussed.
A grammatical evolution approach to the automatic inference of P systems
Authors: Nadizar Giorgia , Pietropolli Gloria
Published: August 2023

P systems are a bio-inspired framework for defining parallel models of computation. Despite their relevance for both theoretical and application scenarios, the design and the identification of P systems remain tedious and demanding tasks, requiring considerable time and expertise. In this work, we try to address these problems by proposing an automated methodology based on grammatical evolution (GE)—an evolutionary computation technique—which does not require any domain knowledge. We consider a setting where observations of successive configurations of a P system are available, and we rely on GE for automatically inferring the P system, i.e., its ruleset. Such approach directly addresses the identification problem, but it can also be employed for automated design, requiring the designer to simply express the configurations of the P system rather than its full ruleset. We assess the practicability of the proposed method on six problems of various difficulties and evaluate its behavior in terms of inference capability and time consumption. Experimental results confirm our approach is a viable strategy for small problem sizes, where it achieves perfect inference in a few seconds without any human intervention. Moreover, we also obtain promising results for larger problem sizes in a human-aided context, paving the way for fully or partially automated design of P systems.
Effect of Slag Sand on Mechanical Strengths and Fatigue Performance of Paving Grade Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Girish M. G. , Shetty Kiran K. , Nayak Gopinatha
Published: August 2023

Geopolymer concrete with time is gaining recognition as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement concrete, offering lower carbon emissions and utilising industrial by-products. While prior research focussed on its mechanical properties for structural purposes, this study explores its potential for paving applications. A unique geopolymer concrete mixture suitable for paving, referred to as paving quality geopolymer concrete (PQGC), was developed by incorporating slag sand (SS) as a substitute for river sand (RS). The investigation primarily assessed fatigue life PQGC mixes. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of SS in PQGC has no significant impact on its setting times or workability. However, PQGC formulated with 100% SS, w.r.t PQGC containing RS, exhibited enhanced mechanical strength of 7% in compression, 16.7% in flexure and 8.3% in split tensile tests at 28 days of open-air curing. Following a 14-day period of curing, PQGC achieved a compressive strength of 46 MPa, surpassing the minimum requirement of 40 MPa as per IRC:58 2015 for pavement quality concrete (PQC) by 15%. To evaluate fatigue performance, PQGC beam specimens were subjected to repeated loading at stress levels ranging from 0.9 to 0.6. The resulting fatigue data were employed to develop stress-fatigue life (SN) and Weibull two-parameter fatigue failure models. Comparative analysis with fatigue failure models such as Indian Road Congress (IRC) and Darter revealed that PQGC exhibits superior fatigue resistance and longer life expectancy compared to PQGC. In conclusion, this study confirms that PQGC incorporating SS is an efficient and eco-friendly choice for constructing rigid pavements with advantages such as curing without water, enabling early opening of roadways to traffic, and excellent resilience under cyclic loads.
Teaching and Developing Writing Skills
Authors: Thaine Craig
Published: August 2023

A research-informed and very practical handbook, which provides a wealth of ideas and activities to practise and develop writing skills. Organised around writing contexts that generate different genres, it covers all language levels from A1 to C2 and includes a focus on writing for exams, academic purposes and the workplace. This book is for anyone who wants to support their learners, at whatever level, to develop their writing skills. It contains a comprehensive introduction which provides an overview of approaches in teaching writing, managing writing lessons, and giving feedback, and provides a clear rationale for the organisation and activities in the book. The book contains over 100 practical ideas which practise and develop writing skills. It encompasses a wide range of activities associated with an extensive range of genres commonly focused on in English language classrooms.
Optical network physical layer parameter optimization for digital backpropagation using Gaussian processes
Authors: Nevin Josh W. , Sillekens Eric , Sohanpal Ronit , Galdino Lidia , Nallaperuma Sam , Bayvel Polina , Savory Seb J.
Published: August 2023

We present a novel methodology for optimizing fiber optic network performance by determining the ideal values for attenuation, nonlinearity, and dispersion parameters in terms of achieved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain from digital backpropagation (DBP). Our approach uses Gaussian process regression, a probabilistic machine learning technique, to create a computationally efficient model for mapping these parameters to the resulting SNR after applying DBP. We then use simplicial homology global optimization to find the parameter values that yield maximum SNR for the Gaussian process model within a set of a priori bounds. This approach optimizes the parameters in terms of the DBP gain at the receiver. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through simulation and experimental testing, achieving optimal estimates of the dispersion, nonlinearity, and attenuation parameters. Our approach also highlights the limitations of traditional one-at-a-time grid search methods and emphasizes the interpretability of the technique. This methodology has broad applications in engineering and can be used to optimize performance in various systems beyond optical networks.
Familial co-segregation and the emerging role of long-read sequencing to re-classify variants of uncertain significance in inherited retinal diseases
Authors: Gupta Pankhuri , Nakamichi Kenji , Bonnell Alyssa C. , Yanagihara Ryan , Radulovich Nick , Hisama Fuki M. , Chao Jennifer R. , Mustafi Debarshi
Published: August 2023

Phasing genetic variants is essential in determining those that are potentially disease-causing. In autosomal recessive inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), reclassification of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) can provide a genetic diagnosis in indeterminate compound heterozygote cases. We report four cases in which familial co-segregation demonstrated a VUS resided in trans to a known pathogenic variant, which in concert with other supporting criteria, led to the reclassification of the VUS to likely pathogenic, thereby providing a genetic diagnosis in each case. We also demonstrate in a simplex patient without access to family members for co-segregation analysis that targeted long-read sequencing can provide haplotagged variant calling. This can elucidate if variants reside in trans and provide phase of genetic variants from the proband alone without parental testing. This emerging method can alleviate the bottleneck of haplotype analysis in cases where genetic testing of family members is unfeasible to provide a complete genetic diagnosis.
No evidence that Chinese playtime mandates reduced heavy gaming in one segment of the video games industry
Authors: Zendle David , Flick Catherine , Gordon-Petrovskaya Elena , Ballou Nick , Xiao Leon Y. , Drachen Anders
Published: August 2023

Governments around the world are considering regulatory measures to reduce young people’s time spent on digital devices, particularly video games. This raises the question of whether proposed regulatory measures would be effective. Since the early 2000s, the Chinese government has been enacting regulations to directly restrict young people’s playtime. In November 2019, it limited players aged under 18 to 1.5 hours of daily playtime and 3 hours on public holidays. Using telemetry data on over seven billion hours of playtime provided by a stakeholder from the video games industry, we found no credible evidence for overall reduction in the prevalence of heavy playtime following the implementation of regulations: individual accounts became 1.14 times more likely to play heavily in any given week (95% confidence interval 1.139–1.141). This falls below our preregistered smallest effect size of interest (2.0) and thus is not interpreted as a practically meaningful increase. Results remain robust across a variety of sensitivity analyses, including an analysis of more recent (2021) adjustments to playtime regulation. This casts doubt on the effectiveness of such state-controlled playtime mandates.
The influence of a single water molecule on the reaction of BrO + HO2
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Lu , Zhao Meilian , Sun Yuxi , Chen Wanping , Zhang Yunju
Published: August 2023

The influence of a single water molecule on the BrO + HO2 hydrogen extraction reaction has been explored by taking advantage of CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311 +  + G(d,p) method. The reaction in the absence of water have two distinct kinds of H-extraction channels to generate HOBr + O2 (1Δg) and HBr + O3, and the channel of generation of HOBr + O2 (1Δg) dominated the BrO + HO2 reaction. The rate coefficient of the most feasible channel for the BrO + HO2 reaction in the absence of water is estimated to be 1.44 × 10–11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298.15 K, which is consistent with the experiment. The introduction of water made the reaction more complex, but the products are unchanged. Four distinct channels, beginning with HO2…H2O with BrO, H2O…HO2 with BrO, BrO…H2O with HO2, H2O…BrO with HO2 are researched. The most feasible channels, stemming from H2O…HO2 with BrO, and BrO…H2O with HO2, are much slower than the reaction of BrO + HO2 without water, respectively. Thus, the existence of water molecule takes a negative catalytic role for BrO + HO2 reaction.
Capability accumulation patterns across economic, innovation, and knowledge-production activities
Authors: Patelli Aurelio , Napolitano Lorenzo , Cimini Giulio , Pugliese Emanuele , Gabrielli Andrea
Published: August 2023

The evolution of economic and innovation systems at the national scale is shaped by a complex dynamics related to the multi-layer network connecting countries to the activities in which they are proficient. Each layer represents a different domain, related to the production of knowledge and goods: scientific research, technology innovation, industrial production and trade. Nestedness, a footprint of a complex dynamics, emerges as a persistent feature across these multiple kinds of activities (i.e. network layers). We observe that, in the layers of innovation and trade, the competitiveness of countries correlates unambiguously with their diversification, while the science layer shows some peculiar features. The evolution of the scientific domain leads to an increasingly modular structure, in which the most developed countries become relatively less active in the less advanced scientific fields, where emerging countries acquire prominence. This observation is in line with a capability-based view of the evolution of economic systems, but with a slight twist. Indeed, while the accumulation of specific know-how and skills is a fundamental step towards development, resource constraints force countries to acquire competitiveness in the more complex research fields at the expense of more basic, albeit less visible (or more crowded) ones. This tendency towards a relatively specialized basket of capabilities leads to a trade-off between the need to diversify in order to evolve and the need to allocate resources efficiently. Collaborative patterns among developed countries reduce the necessity to be competitive in the less sophisticated research fields, freeing resources for the more complex ones.
Transcriptomic clock predicts vascular changes of prodromal diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Toh Huishi , Smolentsev Alexander , Sadjadi Ryan , Clegg Dennis , Yan Jingqi , Stewart Ron , Thomson James A. , Jiang Peng
Published: August 2023

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of long-term diabetes and that could lead to vision loss. Unfortunately, early diabetic retinopathy remains poorly understood. There is no effective way to prevent or treat early diabetic retinopathy until patients develop later stages of diabetic retinopathy. Elevated acellular capillary density is considered a reliable quantitative trait present in the early development of retinopathy. Hence, in this study, we interrogated whole retinal vascular transcriptomic changes via a Nile rat model to better understand the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We uncovered the complexity of associations between acellular capillary density and the joint factors of blood glucose, diet, and sex, which was modeled through a Bayesian network. Using segmented regressions, we have identified different gene expression patterns and enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with acellular capillary density increasing. We developed a random forest regression model based on expression patterns of 14 genes to predict the acellular capillary density. Since acellular capillary density is a reliable quantitative trait in early diabetic retinopathy, and thus our model can be used as a transcriptomic clock to measure the severity of the progression of early retinopathy. We also identified NVP-TAE684, geldanamycin, and NVP-AUY922 as the top three potential drugs which can potentially attenuate the early DR. Although we need more in vivo studies in the future to support our re-purposed drugs, we have provided a data-driven approach to drug discovery.
A diminutive new basilosaurid whale reveals the trajectory of the cetacean life histories during the Eocene
Authors: Antar Mohammed S. , Gohar Abdullah S. , El-Desouky Heba , Seiffert Erik R. , El-Sayed Sanaa , Claxton Alexander G. , Sallam Hesham M.
Published: August 2023

Soon after whales originated from small terrestrial artiodactyl ancestors, basal stem forms (archaeocetes) came to inhabit more specialized aquatic ecologies and underwent a tremendous adaptive radiation that culminated in the adoption of a fully aquatic lifestyle. This adaptive strategy is first documented by the geographically widespread extinct family Basilosauridae. Here we report a new basilosaurid genus and species, Tutcetus rayanensis, from the middle Eocene of Fayum, Egypt. This new whale is not only the smallest known basilosaurid, but it is also one of the oldest records of this family from Africa. Tutcetus allows us to further test hypotheses regarding basilosaurids’ early success in the aquatic ecosystem, which lasted into the latest Eocene, and their ability to outcompete amphibious stem whales and opportunistically adapt to new niches after they completely severed their ties to the land. Tutcetus also significantly expands the size range of the basilosaurids and reveals new details about their life histories, phylogeny, and paleobiogeography.
Dynamic thresholding and tissue dissociation optimization for CITE-seq identifies differential surface protein abundance in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Lischetti Ulrike , Tastanova Aizhan , Singer Franziska , Grob Linda , Carrara Matteo , Cheng Phil F. , Martínez Gómez Julia M. , Sella Federica , Haunerdinger Veronika , Beisel Christian , Levesque Mitchell P.
Published: August 2023

Multi-omics profiling by CITE-seq bridges the RNA-protein gap in single-cell analysis but has been largely applied to liquid biopsies. Applying CITE-seq to clinically relevant solid biopsies to characterize healthy tissue and the tumor microenvironment is an essential next step in single-cell translational studies. In this study, gating of cell populations based on their transcriptome signatures for use in cell type-specific ridge plots allowed identification of positive antibody signals and setting of manual thresholds. Next, we compare five skin dissociation protocols by taking into account dissociation efficiency, captured cell type heterogeneity and recovered surface proteome. To assess the effect of enzymatic digestion on transcriptome and epitope expression in immune cell populations, we analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without dissociation. To further assess the RNA-protein gap, RNA-protein we perform codetection and correlation analyses on thresholded protein values. Finally, in a proof-of-concept study, using protein abundance analysis on selected surface markers in a cohort of healthy skin, primary, and metastatic melanoma we identify CD56 surface marker expression on metastatic melanoma cells, which was further confirmed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. This work provides practical guidelines for processing and analysis of clinically relevant solid tissue biopsies for biomarker discovery.
Finite key performance of satellite quantum key distribution under practical constraints
Authors: Sidhu Jasminder S. , Brougham Thomas , McArthur Duncan , Pousa Roberto G. , Oi Daniel K. L.
Published: August 2023

Global-scale quantum communication networks will require efficient long-distance distribution of quantum signals. While optical fibre communications are range-limited due to exponential losses in the absence of quantum memories and repeaters, satellites enable intercontinental quantum communications. However, the design of satellite quantum key distribution (SatQKD) systems has unique challenges over terrestrial networks. The typical approach to modelling SatQKD has been to estimate performances with a fully optimised protocol parameter space and with few payload and platform resource limitations. Here, we analyse how practical constraints affect the performance of SatQKD for the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) weak coherent pulse decoy state protocol with finite key size effects. We consider engineering limitations and trade-offs in mission design including limited in-orbit tunability, quantum random number generation rates and storage, and source intensity uncertainty. We quantify practical SatQKD performance limits to determine the long-term key generation capacity and provide performance benchmarks to support the design of upcoming missions.
Prediction of mechanistic subtypes of Parkinson’s using patient-derived stem cell models
Authors: D’Sa Karishma , Evans James R. , Virdi Gurvir S. , Vecchi Giulia , Adam Alexander , Bertolli Ottavia , Fleming James , Chang Hojong , Leighton Craig , Horrocks Mathew H. , Athauda Dilan , Choi Minee L. , Gandhi Sonia
Published: August 2023

Parkinson’s disease is a common, incurable neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically heterogeneous: it is likely that different cellular mechanisms drive the pathology in different individuals. So far it has not been possible to define the cellular mechanism underlying the neurodegenerative disease in life. We generated a machine learning-based model that can simultaneously predict the presence of disease and its primary mechanistic subtype in human neurons. We used stem cell technology to derive control or patient-derived neurons, and generated different disease subtypes through chemical induction or the presence of mutation. Multidimensional fluorescent labelling of organelles was performed in healthy control neurons and in four different disease subtypes, and both the quantitative single-cell fluorescence features and the images were used to independently train a series of classifiers to build deep neural networks. Quantitative cellular profile-based classifiers achieve an accuracy of 82%, whereas image-based deep neural networks predict control and four distinct disease subtypes with an accuracy of 95%. The machine learning-trained classifiers achieve their accuracy across all subtypes, using the organellar features of the mitochondria with the additional contribution of the lysosomes, confirming the biological importance of these pathways in Parkinson’s. Altogether, we show that machine learning approaches applied to patient-derived cells are highly accurate at predicting disease subtypes, providing proof of concept that this approach may enable mechanistic stratification and precision medicine approaches in the future.
Higher food prices can reduce poverty and stimulate growth in food production
Authors: Headey Derek , Hirvonen Kalle
Published: August 2023

Food prices spiked sharply in 2007–2008, in 2010–2011 and again in 2021–2022. However, the impacts of these spikes on poverty remain controversial; while food is a large expense for the poor, many poor people also earn income from producing or marketing food, and higher prices should incentivize greater food production. Short-run simulation models assume away production and wage adjustments, and probably underestimate food production by the poor. Here we analyse annual data on poverty rates, real food price changes and food production growth for 33 middle-income countries from 2000 to 2019 based on World Bank poverty measures. Panel regressions show that year-on-year increases in the real price of food predict reductions in the US$3.20-per-day poverty headcount, except in more urban or non-agrarian countries. A plausible explanation is that rising food prices stimulate short-run agricultural supply responses that induce increased demand for unskilled labour and increases in wages.
A conceptual framework of cognitive-affective theory of mind: towards a precision identification of mental disorders
Authors: Zhou Peng , Ma Huimin , Zou Bochao , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhao Shuyan , Lin Yuxin , Wang Yidong , Feng Lei , Wang Gang
Published: August 2023

To explore the minds of others, which is traditionally referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM), is perhaps the most fundamental ability of humans as social beings. Impairments in ToM could lead to difficulties or even deficits in social interaction. The present study focuses on two core components of ToM, the ability to infer others’ beliefs and the ability to infer others’ emotions, which we refer to as cognitive and affective ToM respectively. Charting both typical and atypical trajectories underlying the cognitive-affective ToM promises to shed light on the precision identification of mental disorders, such as depressive disorders (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most prior studies failed to capture the underlying processes involved in the cognitive-affective ToM in a fine-grained manner. To address this problem, we propose an innovative conceptual framework, referred to as visual theory of mind (V-ToM), by constructing visual scenes with emotional and cognitive meanings and by depicting explicitly a four-stage process of how humans make inferences about the beliefs and emotions of others. Through recording individuals’ eye movements while looking at the visual scenes, our model enables us to accurately measure each stage involved in the computation of cognitive-affective ToM, thereby allowing us to infer about potential difficulties that might occur in each stage. Our model is based on a large sample size (n > 700) and a novel audio-visual paradigm using visual scenes containing cognitive-emotional meanings. Here we report the obtained differential features among healthy controls, DD and ASD individuals that overcome the subjectivity of conventional questionnaire-based assessment, and therefore could serve as valuable references for mental health applications based on AI-aided digital medicine.
Synergy between Winter Flounder antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Clarke Maria , Hind Charlotte K. , Ferguson Philip M. , Manzo Giorgia , Mistry Bhumil , Yue Bingkun , Romanopulos Janis , Clifford Melanie , Bui Tam T. , Drake Alex F. , Lorenz Christian D. , Sutton J. Mark , Mason A. James
Published: August 2023

Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have potent bactericidal activity and are being considered as potential alternatives to classical antibiotics. In response to an infection, such AMPs are often produced in animals alongside other peptides with low or no perceivable antimicrobial activity, whose role is unclear. Here we show that six AMPs from the Winter Flounder (WF) act in synergy against a range of bacterial pathogens and provide mechanistic insights into how this increases the cooperativity of the dose-dependent bactericidal activity and potency that enable therapy. Only two WF AMPs have potent antimicrobial activity when used alone but we find a series of two-way combinations, involving peptides which otherwise have low or no activity, yield potent antimicrobial activity. Weakly active WF AMPs modulate the membrane interactions of the more potent WF AMPs and enable therapy in a model of Acinetobacter baumannii burn wound infection. The observed synergy and emergent behaviour may explain the evolutionary benefits of producing a family of related peptides and are attractive properties to consider when developing AMPs towards clinical applications.
Understanding and improving zeroth-order optimization methods on AI-driven molecule optimization
Authors: Lo Elvin , Chen Pin-Yu
Published: August 2023

We benchmark zeroth-order methods for molecule optimization and discuss how they may be effectively used for practical molecule discovery.
Confined oriented growth of FeSe2 on a porous graphene film as a binder-free anode for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Diao Jiaxiu , Qiao Jinghao , Wen Yuhui , Zhang Hongkun , Wang Rui
Published: August 2023

The FeSe2 nanorod@porous graphene film prepared by vacuum filtration, annealing, and subsequent selenylation is developed as an anode for lithium ion batteries. These FeSe2 nanorods are formed via confined oriented growth of FeSe2 nanoparticles.
MEK inhibitors in cancer treatment: structural insights, regulation, recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Ram Teja , Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Harshwardhan , Pathak Prateek , Grishina Maria , Khalilullah Habibullah , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Verma Amita , Kumar Pradeep
Published: August 2023

MEK1/2 are critical components of RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK or MAPK signalling pathway.
Fast-charging batteries based on dual-halogen solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Hongtu , Shi Xiaomeng , Zeng Zhichao , Zhang Yabin , Du Yaping
Published: August 2023

The Li3YCl5I1 shows an improved ionic conductivity due to the doped I− optimizing the Li+ coordination environment. The Li-In/Li7P3S11/Li3YCl5I1/Li4Ti5O12 cell is highly stable and shows excellent fast-charging performance at 4.0 C for 1000 cycles.
A host potassiophilicity strategy for unprecedentedly stable and safe K metal batteries
Authors: Li Zhibin , Ma Liang , Han Kai , Ji Yingying , Xie Junpeng , Pan Likun , Li Jinliang , Mai Wenjie
Published: August 2023

The design of a potassiophilicity strategy for an oxygen-modified carbon cloth regulates interface electrons and enables strong binding of K adatoms through orbital hybridization, resulting in unprecedentedly stable and safe K metal batteries.
From the lab to the field: handheld surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of viral proteins
Authors: Payne Taylor D. , Klawa Stephen J. , Jian Tengyue , Wang Qunzhao , Kim Sang Hoon , Freeman Ronit , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: August 2023

This work employs peptide-modified gold nanoparticles to develop a fieldable SERS sensor for direct detection of viral antigens using a handheld platform.
From crude glycerol and volatile fatty acids to biodiesel and other bioproducts using Yarrowia lipolytica NCYC 2904 as a cell factory
Authors: Pereira Ana S. , Lopes Marlene , Belo Isabel
Published: August 2023

Biodiesel production using microbial lipids derived from low-cost feedstocks could provide a sustainable alternative for the replacement of conventional fossil fuels.
Modelling and analysis of LCC‐HVDC converter station for harmonic coupling of AC/DC power grid during geomagnetic storm
Authors: Peihong Yang , Xiaoyong Han , Hui Jiang , Xizhi Shi , Zilei Zhang , Chunming Liu , Lianguang Liu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the problem of harmonic coupling between the converter transformer and the converter under the action of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) is proposed to be investigated. Firstly, a model of a 12‐pulse line commutated converter high voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) converter station based on harmonic state space (HSS) theory is established. Secondly, the harmonic components of the interaction between the AC‐side harmonic current and the DC‐side harmonic voltage are qualitatively analyzed by using the harmonic modulation theory. Through the simulation model and harmonic state space (HSS) calculation model, the harmonic coupling characteristics of power grid are analyzed. Finally, the harmonic current and voltage amplitude of AC / DC power grid under different GIC are calculated, and the characteristics and rules of AC / DC harmonic propagation are revealed. Among them, the amplitude of the 2nd harmonic current on the AC side and the 3rd harmonic current on the DC side increases linearly with the GIC. In addition, the 3rd and 9th harmonics on the AC side are also greatly affected by the magnetic bias of the converter.
Scientific bases of digitalization of energy in conditions of digital economic transformation
Authors: Jalilov Rashid , Kamalov Umar , Akhmedov Anvar
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of measures aimed at the digitalization of the energy sector in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The issues of the digital transformation of socio-economic systems are considered. The article analyzes the problems of the development of digital energy, as part of the concept of digital transformation of the economy, explores the concept of integration of information and communication technologies and the Internet of energy.
European hydrogen market and its potential for Russian business
Authors: Beksultanova Aybika , Valeev Sergey , Amirova Elmira
Published: August 2023

In this article, the author explores the European hydrogen market and its potential for Russian business. Hydrogen is becoming increasingly important in the pursuit of sustainability and environmental cleanliness. The author discusses the opportunities that open up for Russian companies in the European hydrogen market and highlights their expertise and experience in the production and supply of hydrogen. The results of the study indicate the prospects and potential for Russian business in this area and offer recommendations to develop this market and strengthen the positions of Russian companies.
Behaviour of single-crystal nickel alloy in the conditions of high-temperature hydrogen corrosion
Authors: Skovorodnikov Pavel , Gallyamov Andrew , Al-Tameemi Mustafa , Poilov Vladimir , Kazantsev Alexander
Published: August 2023

This study presents the results of the investigation of the behaviour of ZhS32-VI single-crystal nickel alloy in hydrogen environment or argon atmosphere at 850°C. The microstructure and chemical composition of corrosion deposits were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive analysis. It has been established that in argon containing an admixture of oxygen a dense scale rich in cobalt and nickel oxides is formed. At atmosphere containing 65% hydrogen and 35% argon an increased content of aluminum in the surface composition was noted. The influence of 100% hydrogen leads to segregation of tungsten and rhenium with the formation of convex growths. The data of simultaneous thermal analysis revealed that the amount of desorbed hydrogen can be from 0.08 to 0.14%.
Assessment of feasibility of projects for creating information and management systems of the electric power complex under conditions of uncertainty
Authors: Bayramov I Y , Isayeva T M , Maliyeva S I
Published: August 2023

Evaluating the feasibility of implementing proposed projects for creating information management systems (IMS) for industrial facilities is a complex procedure due to the uncertainty surrounding the accurate data about the prepared project during its implementation. Therefore, the application of decision support methods, based on soft computing and methodology, is deemed appropriate to address the difficulties arising from non-factors (uncertainty, non-determinism) in the evaluation of the implementation of proposed projects for IMS creation. Consequently, the use of non-deterministic interval methods has been proposed for the evaluation of the suitability of project proposals for creating information management systems under conditions of interval non-determinism, highlighting its advantages.
Development of a multi-channel classifier of rail line states
Authors: Tarasov Evgeny , Tarasova Anna , Zolkin Alexander , Kunygina Liliya , Burakova Anzhelika
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the construction of a three-channel invariant classifier that has the properties of classifying the states of rail lines into a set of classes that are invariant to changes in the longitudinal resistance of the rail line and the transverse conductivity of the insulation of the ballast material. Invariance is achieved taking into account the change in the transverse conductivity of the insulation and the longitudinal resistance of the rail line while compiling systems of equations of state for rail lines, which are the decisive functions of the classifier. The article shows that the three-channel method allows for the correct recognition of all three classes of rail line states by three decision functions with arguments - voltages and currents at the input and output of the rail line. The block diagram of the operation algorithm of the three-channel classifier of the states of the rail lines allows to form the recognition process and the majority classification depending on the states of the channels. The feasibility of the algorithm is confirmed by simulation studies on a mathematical model and graphical results.
The impact of green energy development on the economic component of Sustainable Development in Germany
Authors: Medvedkina Y А , Fedko N V
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of the correlation and regression analysis of Germany’s green energy development factors on business activity. The article presents possible predictions for the development of the economic component of Germany’s sustainable development, taking into account the use of RES. The research paper discusses the importance of using the green energy for the achievements the Sustainable Development Goals and mitigation of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Measures to reduce energy consumption in modern buildings andbuildings
Authors: Gadoeva O P , Yadgarova G G , Fayzullaeva Z N , Niyozov K E
Published: August 2023

In order to reduce the energy intensity of modern buildings, to prevent the loss of available energy during their construction from materials with low thermal conductivity; expanded polystyrene. In the construction of the house, the main focus is on the cost to be made for the material that goes to it, in addition to the strength, comfort of the building. It is imperative that the economy of these costs does not adversely affect the quality of the building. Building planning we cannot take into account the costs that can adversely affect us during the period of its exploitation after it is completed in the process. As a result, we use technical means that require additional costs to ensure a comfortable temperature in our building during the winter and summer seasons. They are able to provide us with the necessary temperature by consuming electricity throughout the day. This in turn leads to a further increase in electricity demand. The climate of the Bukhara region is a rapidly changing continental climate. Air temperature varies by year from-300°С (December, January, February), to +500°С in summer (July-September). So, during a cool year, we will be forced to spend extra on electricity or thermal energy. Therefore, in the process of building construction, it will be advisable for us to take measures to save energy. In modern building construction, there is a need for us to use materials that protect against hot and cold weather in this.
Priorities for the development of the petrochemical industry as part of the fuel and energy complex of Kazakhstan
Authors: Shalbolova Urpash , Salykova Leila , Bissenov Kylyshbay , Makhanov Sagat
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of a study on the development of the petrochemical industry, which is part of the structure of the fuel and energy complex of Kazakhstan. The development of the petrochemical industry of the country is carried out through the creation of a petrochemical cluster and the construction of plants for the production of petrochemical products (polyethylene, butadiene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate), which are geographically located in the western region of the country, where the main hydrocarbon reserves are concentrated, large oil and gas production enterprises operate, there are necessary infrastructure facilities. Forecast indicators of the development of petrochemistry, technical and economic characteristics of petrochemical projects are given. Information is presented on the development of the petrochemical cluster and the organization of the production of each petrochemical product separately. The authors carried out forecast calculations for import substitution and export in the implementation of petrochemical development projects in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to conduct a predictive analysis of the development of the petrochemical industry in Kazakhstan, since this branch of the national economy is still at the stage of formation.
The device for monitoring the insulation breakdown zone of power cable lines in distribution networks with isolated neutral system during high-voltage diagnostic
Authors: Yurov A A , Storozhenko D E , Lukonin A V , Kuimov D N
Published: August 2023

The article considers an electrical device designed for diagnostic work in distribution networks of 6-10 kV, namely, the determination of damage zones in case of failure of insulating materials of cable lines during high-voltage diagnostics with a rectified voltage of negative polarity. The novelty of the developed device is its ability to connect directly to a high-voltage cable line without additional matching devices. The device is capable of detecting damage zones in lines up to 10 km remotely with an error of up to 0.2% of the cable length. The prefix allows you to fix any variants of damage to single-phase and three-phase cable lines with high transient resistance at the site of damage without the operation of “burning” insulation, which significantly reduces the time of repair work at the controlled facility.
Mathematical calculation of the optimal time to achieve operating parameters according to WCR when dosing corrective reagents into a double-circuit waste heat boiler with a parallel feedwater supply scheme
Authors: Verkhovsky A E , Gadzhiev K G , Gusiletov A A , Verkhovskaya E A
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the issues of estimating the time to achieve the normalized WCR indicators when dosing corrective reagents into a two-loop waste heat boiler, with a parallel scheme for supplying feed water to the circulation circuits. Calculations of the optimal time required to reach the regime parameters of the WCR when dosing amine-containing reagents are given. The article also provides calculations of the optimal time to reach the WCR regime parameters, depending on the feed water flow rate in each of the waste heat boiler circulation circuits.
The influence of the spectral composition of light on the morphophysiological characteristics of red-leaved basil in hydroponic culture
Authors: Skorokhodova A N , Anisimov A A , Yakovleva O S , Skorokhodov D M , Ivanitskikh A S
Published: August 2023

In this work, morphophysiological reactions to the use of LED-based lamps as a radiation source when grown in an artificial climate on a hydroponic installation are studied using the example of basil plants. Basil plants were grown to technological ripeness. In the experimental samples, the indicators of the accumulation of raw and dry biomass, the area of the leaf surface, etc. were determined. It was found that basil plants can be grown to the stage of technological ripeness in an artificial climate based on light-emitting diodes.
Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel as a new macrofungus for southern Uzbekistan
Authors: Sherkulova J , Eshonkulov E , Murodullayev D , Kuziboyev Kh
Published: August 2023

This article provides information about the macrofungus Suillus granulatus (L) Roussel which was new one for South Uzbekistan. The identified macrofungus was found near the trees of Pinus eldarica Medw. The hymenium layer, basidiosporous basidia layer, spores and spores form small bodies (subfusiform) in the inner part of the spores in the shape of a drop.
Technologies for producing environmentally safety oil additives
Authors: Allakhverdiyev Z S , Kazimova L A
Published: August 2023

In the article we predetermined compounds to improve the quality of oils used in machines and mechanisms, as well as these compounds are environmentally safety. Thioamides due to their reactivity and chemical properties find wide applicability in chemical industry, engineering and agriculture. But these compounds are very less studied as additives used to improve the quality of oils used in machines and mechanisms. For this purpose, research work has been carried out to study the enhancement of anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties of additives in lubricating oils involving n-chlorophenyl thioacetamides. In this article hydraulic and lubrication properties of thioamides with respect to corrosion, corrosion, friction and thermo-oxidation properties are investigated. In order to test the effect of synthesized thioamides on their structure as additives, a number of oils were tested. In addition, the corrosion reduction of thioamides in oils has been studied and tested. The synthesized thioamides have been studied in lubricating and hydraulic oils derived from petroleum and their volume has been studied to improve the quality of thioamides in oils and their resistance to corrosion, corrosion and thermal oxidation. The article clarifies the issues involved in improving the quality of oils as a thioamide additive.