bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Prioritization in Emergency Department Triage Systems: An Empirical Study of the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS)
Authors: Ding Yichuan , Park Eric , Nagarajan Mahesh , Grafstein Eric
Published: April 2019

Emergency departments (EDs) typically use a triage system to classify patients into priority levels. However, most triage systems do not specify how exactly to route patients across and within the assigned triage levels. Therefore, decision makers in EDs often have to use their own discretion to route patients. Also, how patient waiting is perceived and accounted for in ED operations is not clearly understood. In this paper, using patient-level ED visit data, we structurally estimate the waiting cost structure of ED patients as perceived by the decision makers who make ED patient routing decisions. We derive policy implications and make suggestions for improving triage systems. We analyze the patient routing behaviors of ED decision makers in four EDs in the metro Vancouver, British Columbia, area. They all use the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale, which has a wait time–related target service level objective. We propose a general discrete choice framework, consistent with queueing literature, as a tool to analyze prioritization behaviors in multiclass queues under mild assumptions. We find that the decision makers in all four EDs (1) apply a delay-dependent prioritization across different triage levels; (2) have a perceived marginal ED patient waiting cost that is best fit by a piece-wise linear concave function in wait time; (3) generally follow, in the same triage level, the first-come first-served principle, but their adherence to the principle decreases for patients who wait past a certain threshold; and (4) do not use patient complexity as a major criterion in prioritization decisions.
Empathy in paramedic practice: an overview
Authors: Kus Lucy , Henderson Lisa , Batt Alan M
Published: April 2019

Empathy is generally considered to be the understanding of another person's reactions, thoughts, feelings and problems, and being able to relay this sense of understanding back to the individual. Empathy in healthcare is associated with improved communication, reduced stress, lower complication rates and better clinical outcomes. Low empathy is associated with decreased patient satisfaction and provider burnout. The burden of emotional work in paramedic practice and coping strategies may be contributory factors to lower empathy. Some evidence suggests that the empathy of paramedic students varies between patient groups and can decline over time. Empathy is an interpersonal skill that can be learned and improved upon. In paramedic practice, it is complex and inadequately studied. Its relationship to patient care, paramedic burnout and wellbeing require investigation. Several strategies to teach empathy should be considered by educators.
Mushroom refinement endeavor auspicate non green revolution in the offing
Authors: PALA SHAUKET AHMED , WANI ABDUL HAMID , BODA ROUF HAMZA , WANI BILAL AHMAD
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Pala SA, Wani AH, Boda RH, Wani BA. 2014. Mushroom refinement endeavor auspicate non green revolution in the offing. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 173-185. Mushroom can serve as food, tonic, and as medicine thus make people healthier, fitter and happier. They have a cracking potential for generating great socioeconomic impact in human welfare at local, national and international level. With the help of allied mushroom farming we can easily tackle the problem of food for growing world population; reduce environmental pollution by bioconversion of huge organic wastes into mushrooms; recycle huge quantity of organic wastes to mushroom crops, biofertilizers, and biogas; restore damaged environment by mushroom mycelia through mycoforestry, mycoremediation, mycofiltration and mycopesticides in a zero-emission fashion. They can be used to degrade radioactive industrial biocide wastes in an eco-friendly fashion. Since mushroom cultivation is an indoor agribusiness, it could have a great economic impact by generating employment, income and functional food requirements for rural people, especially in developing countries. How far mushroom cultivation can meet the functional food requirements; address the domestic food challenges, rising food prices and crisis vis a vis environmental sustainability will be thrust areas of this communication.
Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages
Authors: CHIKHLYAEV IGOR V , RUCHIN ALEXANDER B , FAYZULIN ALEXANDER I
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Chikhlyaev IV, Ruchin AB, Fayzulin AI. 2018. Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 256-262.  The paper presents data on fauna of trematodes of a pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from 13 regions of the Volga basin (Russia). It consolidates data from different authors over the past 80 years, supplemented by our own research results. There are authentically known findings of 19 trematodes species at an adult stage of development. Three species of trematodes make the basis of helminth fauna: Pneumonoeces variegatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae and Diplodiscus subclavatus. By all species of helminths the following data are provided: taxonomic position, localization, area of detection, biology, definitive hosts, geographic distribution and the degree host-specificity.
A review of nanostructured thin films for gas sensing and corrosion protection
Authors: SOONMIN HO
Published: April 2019

Thin film technology is getting huge attention across the world due to its wide applications. Deposition of thin films involves creation, transportation and condensation of target materials with thickness varying from few nanometers to several microns onto the substrate. This review will highlight thin film depositing techniques which consist of non-vacuum and vacuum based deposition method. Besides this, thin films and their applications in gas sensing and corrosion protection have also been discussed.
Numerical investigation of hydrogen consumption in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation
Authors: Amadane Yassine , Mounir Hamid , Elmarjani Abdellatif , Karim Ettouhami Mohamed
Published: April 2019

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most important system that converts chemical energy into electricity by using hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. With this approach, a 3-D (CFD) thermo-fluid model was studied using a commercial code ANSYS fluent for investigating the performance of the PEMFC system. The developed model can evaluate the distribution of gas species like the mass fraction of hydrogen, as well as the distribution of water in PEMFC. The results are used to investigate the influence of temperature and cell voltage on the consumption of hydrogen from inlet z= 0mm to outlet z=50 mm. The obtained polarization curve I-V is compared with the literature findings. The analysis shows a good agreement between our findings and the experimental results. The CFD simulation shows that the cell voltage affects considerably the hydrogen consumption; at 333 K, it can be seen that the hydrogen mass fraction decreases from 80% to 67% at 0.7 V and 80% to 73 % at 0.9 V. By comparing the hydrogen mass fractions; at a low cell voltage the hydrogen mass fraction dropped by only 7%, while at a high cell voltage the hydrogen mass fraction dropped by about 13% from the inlet to outlet. Consequently; our analyses show high consumption of hydrogen at low cell voltages.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of some pyrrolidin-2-ones azasugars and study of their stereochemistry
Authors: Benhaoua Chahrazed , Rahmouni Mustapha , Benhaoua Hadj
Published: April 2019

The microwave-promoted one-pot multicomponent synthesis of substituted pyrrolidinols using a bifunctional sugar-derived hydroxy-[gamma]-lactone component of amine component or cyanide group is reported. Clean reaction profile, easy work-up procedure, excellent yields and short reaction times are some remarkable features of this method.This modular approach features the in situ-generation of iminium ions intermediate that allows the diastereoselective assembly of the diverse pyrrolidinones efficiently under microwave irradiation has been used.
Factorial experimental design for the removal of disperse dyes using hydroxyapatite prepared from Moroccan phosphogypsum
Authors: Joudi Meryeme , Mouldar Jihan , Hafdi Houyem , Nasrellah Hamid , Hatimi Badreddine , El Mhammedi Moulay Abderrahim , Bakasse Mina
Published: April 2019

Azo dyes are the major group of synthetic dyes known and have given rise to many water and soil environmental problems, the most of this azo dyes were used in textile industry. The aim of this study is the removal of Disperse Blue 79 (DB 79) and Disperse Blue 165 (DB 165) as azo dyes by Hydroxyapatite (HAP). The adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the factors that influence the dyes uptake by hydroxyapatite, such as the contact time under agitation, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and size of HAP. To reduce the number of experiments, full factorial experimental design at two levels (24) was used to achieve optimal conditions for the removal of DB 79 and DB 165 from aqueous solutions.
Reactivity and mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction of amine with alkene: A systematic DFT study
Authors: Lakbaibi Zouhair , Jaafar Adil , Ben El Ayouchia Hicham , Tabyaoui Mohamed , Boussaoud Abdelghani
Published: April 2019

The reactivity and mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reaction of diethylamine 1 and 1-cyano-2-phenylvinyl methane sulfonate 2 have been studied for systematic understanding of this relevant organic transformation, using DFT calculations method at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) computational levels. Analysis of the conceptual DFT reactivity indices allows explaining the reactivity, and the calculated nucleophilic and electrophilic Parr functions at the reactive sites of reagents 1 and 2, respectively, allows explaining correctly the regioselectivity observed experimentally. The study has also been applied to predict the mechanism of amine with alkene. Interestingly, the study predicts a switch to a two-step mechanism due to the higher polar character of this zw-type nucleophilic addition reaction.
Removal of pyrazinamide and its by-products from water: Treatment by electro-Fenton process and feasibility of a biological post-treatment
Authors: Arhoutane Mohamed Reda , Yahya Muna Sh. , El Karbane Miloud , Guessous Aicha , Chakchak Hind , El Kacemi Kacem
Published: April 2019

This paper reports a study on oxidative degradation and mineralization of pyrazinamide in an aqueous medium at pH = 3 and room temperature (≈ 19 °C) by the electro-Fenton process, using carbon felt as a cathode and platinum as an anode. The degradation/mineralization is assessed by the chemical oxygen demand by analyzing applied current intensity and concentration of Fe2+ catalyst. Thus, the main objective is to determine the optimal values of these parameters. Some stable intermediate products have been identified using highperformance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, which show the successive formation of the aromatic/cyclic organics and aliphatic intermediates. The second part of this work corresponds to the study of the biodegradability giving by the ratio: BOD5/COD during the mineralization of pyrazinamide by EF in order to examine the possibility of combining electro-Fenton with a biological posttreatment.
Diabetes mellitus associated with the mutation of the ABCC8 gene (MODY 12): features of clinical course and therapy
Authors: Ovsyannikova Alla K. , Rymar Oksana D. , Shakhtshneider Elena V. , Klimontov Vadim V. , Koroleva Elena A. , Voevoda Mikhail I.
Published: April 2019

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with genes mutations leading to dysfunction of pancreatic -cells. Among the 14 identified MODY variants, MODY 15 are the most studied. The article reports a MODY 12 clinical case, with mutation in ABCC8, encoding the sulphonylurea receptor. Diabetes mellitus manifested in a 27-year-old man with hyperglycaemia up to 24 mmol/L, without ketosis. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, dyslipidaemia and carotid atherosclerosis were revealed upon initial examination. The levels of pancreatic islet cell antibodies and glutamate decarboxylase antibodies were negative, while the level of C-peptide was within the normal range. Insulin therapy in the basal-bolus regimen was provided with a gradual dose reduction due to frequent hypoglycaemia. The preproliferative retinopathy with macular oedema was revealed after 4 months of therapy, and panretinal photocoagulation of both eyes was performed. A molecular genetics study revealed a mutation in the gene ABCC8, the same mutation was found in patients mother and uncle. Insulin therapy was cancelled, and the treatment of gliclazide MR 60 mg/day was initiated, which resulted in extreme glycaemic excursions. Thereby, sodiumglucose cotranporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin 10 mg/day was added. A reduction in glucose variability parameters were observed on combination therapy. After 6 months till 1.5 years of treatment, glycaemic control was optimal, no hypoglycaemic episodes were observed. This case study demonstrates clinical features of MODY 12, and the potential of combination of sulfonylurea and SGLT2 inhibitor in the treatment of this disease.
Health, news and ethical principles
Authors: Kaya Asuman
Published: April 2019

Health news has a special position due to both their corporate significance and being for the special/private areas of the readers. They also directly influence the health right, which is one of the fundamental, irreplaceable, nontransferable rights of the individual and based on the “value of being human”. The health news which is made inattentively or false can lead to ending an individual’s life or reducing the life quality of an individual.
In this regard, in this study, which aims to reveal the ethical principles of health journalism in Turkey within the framework of social responsibility theory in relation to health journalism which requires a privileged responsibility and attention, a qualitative approach was adopted where the data was collected through document analysis and interviews.
As a result, the health journalist needs to observe personal rights and act responsibly in order to avoid disrupting the body unity of a person, adversely affect the life quality of a person and avoid preventing the right to access to equal and quality health services in his professional journalist behaviors while producing news. Within this framework, the Ethical Principles of Health Journalism which should be taken into consideration by the journalist in the production process of the health news are as follows: Principle of not harming, principles of honesty and objectivity, principles of privacy and private life, principle of equity.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
Özet
Sağlık haberleri hem taşıdıkları kamusal önem hem de okuyucuların özel/mahrem alanlarına yönelik olmaları nedeniyle özel bir konuma sahiptir. Aynı zamanda kaynağını insanın “insan olma değeri”nden alan ve bireyin temel, vazgeçilemez, devredilemez haklarından biri olan sağlık hakkını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Özensiz, eksik veya yanlış yapılan bir sağlık haberi, bireyin yaşamının sonlanmasına veya yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olabilmektedir.
Bu bağlamda ayrıcalıklı bir sorumluluk ve özen gerektiren sağlık haberciliği ile ilgili olarak, Türkiye’de sağlık haberciliği etik ilkelerinin ortaya konulması amaçlandığı çalışmada, verilerin doküman incelemesi ve görüşme yoluyla toplandığı nitel yaklaşım benimsenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak sağlık habercisinin haber üretiminde profesyonel gazetecilik davranışlarının gereğiyle, kişinin vücut bütünlüğünü bozmamak, yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilememek, eşit ve kaliteli sağlık hizmetine ulaşma hakkını engellememek adına, kişilik haklarını da gözeterek, sorumlu davranmasının gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede gazetecinin sağlık haberi üretim sürecinde göz önünde bulundurması gereken Sağlık Haberciliği Etik İlkeleri; zarar vermeme ilkesi, doğruluk ve objektiflik ilkesi, mahremiyet ve özel hayat ilkesi, hakkaniyet ilkesi olarak belirlenmiştir.
Jakub z Paradyża – protoreformator? Introdukcja do badań na kanwie traktatu O trzech rodzajach ludzi – zwierzchnikach, aktywnych i kontemplatykach
Authors: Słowiński Przemysław
Published: April 2019

The main considerations related to the subject matter of the article were preceded by a comprehensive introduction, in which the figure of Jakub from Paradyż, who is the greatest thinkers, not only Polish, but European of his time, was presented. He was a scholar who had a significant influence on the development of science in the Middle Ages. Because of its timelessness, it’s thought can still be a model for future generations. Jakub from Paradyż devoted his life to science. He perceived the value of these teachings that teach proper life and directed his writings to a wide range of recipients. The intellectual values that characterized this outstanding philosopher were recorded in about 150 treaties, sermons and lectures. Some of his views are presented in the article below, presenting theses taken from the title treaty.
Ideologia unitariańska a strategie translatorskie i styl przekładu Nowego Testamentu Marcina Czechowica (1577)
Authors: Winiarska-Górska Izabela
Published: April 2019

The paper discusses the strategy of translation of Marcin Czechowic’s New Testament translation (1577). The authoress applies the theoretical categories of so called global translation strategy such as scopos, the potential reader, religious attitude as Czechowic’s New Testament was devoted to the unitarian communities. It was arranged as a multifunctional book for religious formation which contained institutionalized transmission of God’s Word. Denominational assumptions are manifested in the selection of translation strategy, style, and method of organizing the text in the book. Both the choice of the specific method of translation and the linguistic form of translations such as Iōannēs Baptistēs – Jan Ponurzyciel were marked by denominational optics of interpretation. The development of humanism broadened the general cognitive horizon. Czechowic’s translation was based on humanistic Greek editions of the time. It is not without reason that we find translators’ assurances as to the method of translation on title pages and in introductions, which were expressed by the concept of “diligence” (Lat. diligentia, Pol. pilność), as well as assurances with regard to the translator’s relationship with the source text – faithfulness to the Greek and Hebrew (veritas graeca, hebraica), or following of an “approved” text (Lat. textus probatus, Old Pol. doświadszony) or “contribution” by confronting different records. Marcin Czechowic, like most Protestant translators, declared faithfulness to the Greek source, however his translation of the Holy Scripture ware also in line with the postulate of veritas confessionis, which was interpreted in various ways depending on doctrinal foundations.
Veritas graeca, veritas latina et veritas confessionis w staropolskich tłumaczeniach Nowego Testamentu na przykładzie Listu Jakuba
Authors: Wojciechowska Kalina , Rosik Mariusz
Published: April 2019

The article aims at the example of the Letter of James to show how the theological reforms and hermeneutic and critical New Testament editions were reproduced in Polish translations of the 16th and 17th centuries. The authors show that on the level of textual criticism and philological solutions, Polish New Testament translators really derived from the achievements of European biblical studies, but remained faithful to the confessional tradition and not to the Greek testimonies. The reception of Reformation at the hermeneutic and theological level looks much worse. Interpreters usually do not take up polemics or defensive positions.
Semiotyczne ograniczenia zakresu modernizacji dawnych przekładów biblijnych
Authors: Duda Henryk
Published: April 2019

The most important translations of the Bible into Polish, i.e. the Catholic Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Protestant Gdańsk Bible (1632) were written at the end of the reformation period and were renewed and used in catholic churches and protestant communities until the first half of the 20th century. The reprints were systematically updated. In the 20th century the need to translate again the Holy Scripture into Polish was recognized. There were a few attempts at that in the second half of the previous century. They were always accompanied by heated debates which referred to the need of new translations as well the ways translators adopted to render in Polish selected books, sentences or even words. A religious text functions in a specific system of a higher level, i.e. religion. Religion is understood here as a culture text according to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. Owing to this interpretation, religion has its own language built onto natural language. Text in natural language constitutes only a fragment of a bigger sign entity. To put it most simply, since a natural text is a subcomponent of a semiotic religious text, any change introduced in the former disrupts the coherence of cultural meaning on a higher level. Because of “a secondary modeling system” (a term coined by Yuri M. Lotman) the language of religious texts is always a bit archaic. This very modeling system prevents the propellers of modernization from a more thorough linguistic update of old biblical translations in Poland and, more often than not, does not let translators depart too far from the translation tradition.    Translated by Agnieszka Bryła-Cruz
O przypisach w Ewangeliach z Biblii brzeskiej z internetowej edycji Szesnastowieczne przekłady Ewangelii
Authors: Kępińska Alina
Published: April 2019

The article attempts to analyse different types of original glosses and editorial footnotes in the Gospels of the Brest Bible, one of ten Polish translations of the Bible, included in the electronic publication of Szesnastowieczne przekłady Ewangelii (Eng. Sixteenth-Century Translations of the Gospels). Among the original glosses one can distinguish: a) concordant glosses, referring to the parallel fragments of the Bible, b) philologicalexegetic glosses signed with capital letters of the alphabet. The greater part of original glosses of this kind includes annotations that are didactic and doctrinal comments. The marginal glosses signed with capital letters are also short lexical glosses which contain synonyms or definitions of words, including those referring to biblical reality. The contemporary editorial footnotes are different types of footnotes, including: substantive, graphic, inflectional, derivational and phonetic. Short descriptions of each type of footnotes focus on selected and more detailed aspects, e.g. the study of derivational footnotes provides information on the techniques of creating possessive adjectives often used in the text. The article draws upon new research techniques – a computer program Ewangelie (Gospels) and Internet search engine of annotations (https://ewangelie. uw.edu.pl/przypisy) by Michał Rudolf.
Obraz luteranów w Rodzayu abo potomstwie […] piątego ewanyelisty i oyca (1561)
Authors: Klimek-Grądzka Jolanta
Published: April 2019

This article is a language-stylistic analysis of an anonymous translation of the Latin polemical text entitled The Kind, or the Descendants of Martin Luther, the Fifth Evangelist and the Father, who Gave Life to Evangelists and their Christian Congregations, who Fight against the Church of God and against Each Other. The analysis has determined that the main organizing principle of the text is the use of parallelisms and oppositions of the kind “sons of Christianity” v. “sons of Satan”, true (faith) v. sectarian (denomination), unity v. diversity. The evaluative narrative and the way in which the particular fractions within the Lutheran church are depicted illustrate a case of a well-balanced polemical, whose main objective is to prove the inferiority of the Reformed denominations.
Reakcje katolików w Niemczech i w Polsce na udział papieża Franciszka w rozpoczęciu obchodów 500-lecia reformacji w Szwecji
Authors: Kucharska-Dreiß Elżbieta , Przyczyna Wiesław
Published: April 2019

Pope Francis’ visit to Sweden and his participation in the inauguration of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation triggered numerous reactions, both among German and Polish Catholics. The paper is an attempt to compare these reactions based on texts posted on selected Catholic websites: www.katholisch.de, www.domradio.de, www. kath.de, www.opoka.org.pl, www.deon.pl and www.fronda.pl. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: why the Pope went to Sweden; what and how he celebrated there. In general, German websites demonstrate largely similar stances and opinions formulated on the grounds of openness, kindness and mutual respect whereas opinions on Polish websites are clearly diverse: from liberal ones to the unambiguously conservative ones.
New Insights from 22-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Characterize Fear Responses: Relationship with Respiration and Brain Oscillatory Dynamics
Authors: Dupin Maryne , Garcia Samuel , Boulanger-Bertolus Julie , Buonviso Nathalie , Mouly Anne-Marie
Published: April 2019

Fear behavior depends on interactions between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the expression of fear involves synchronized activity in θ and γ oscillatory activities. In addition, freezing, the most classical measure of fear response in rodents, temporally coincides with the development of sustained 4-Hz oscillations in prefrontal-amygdala circuits. Interestingly, these oscillations were recently shown to depend on the animal’s respiratory rhythm, supporting the growing body of evidence pinpointing the influence of nasal breathing on brain rhythms. During fearful states, rats also emit 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) which drastically affect respiratory rhythm. However, the relationship between 22-kHz USV, respiration, and brain oscillatory activities is still unknown. Yet such information is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how the different components of fear response collectively modulate rat’s brain neural dynamics. Here, we trained male rats in an odor fear conditioning task, while recording simultaneously local field potentials (LFPs) in BLA, mPFC, and olfactory piriform cortex (PIR), together with USV calls and respiration. We show that USV calls coincide with an increase in delta and gamma power and a decrease in theta power. In addition, during USV emission in contrast to silent freezing, there is no coupling between respiratory rate and delta frequency, and the modulation of fast oscillations amplitude relative to the phase of respiration is modified. We propose that sequences of USV calls could result in a differential gating of information within the network of structures sustaining fear behavior, thus potentially modulating fear expression/memory.
3T MRI evaluation of regional catecholamine-producing tumor-induced myocardial injury
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Ota Hideki , Ueda Takuya , Tezuka Yuta , Omata Kei , Ono Yoshikiyo , Morimoto Ryo , Kudo Masataka , Satoh Fumitoshi , Takase Kei
Published: April 2019

Objective

Regional differences in cardiac magnetic resonance, which can reveal catecholamine-induced myocardial injury in patients with pheochromocytoma, have not yet been assessed using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated these differences using myocardial T1-mapping and strain analysis.

Design and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients newly diagnosed with catecholamine-producing tumors (CPT group) and 16 patients with essential hypertension (EH group), who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging between May 2016 and March 2018. We acquired 3T magnetic resonance cine and native T1-mapping images and performed feature-tracking-based strain analysis in the former.

Results

Global cardiac function, morphology, global strain and peak strain rate were similar, but end-diastolic wall thickness differed between groups (CPT vs EH: 10.5 ± 1.7 vs 12.6 ± 2.8 mm; P < 0.05). Basal, but not apical, circumferential strain was significantly higher in the CPT than the EH group (19.4 ± 3.2 vs 16.8 ± 3.6 %; P < 0.05). Native T1 values were significantly higher in CPT than in EH patients, in both the basal septum (1307 ± 48 vs 1241 ± 45 ms; P < 0.01) and the apical septum (1377 ± 59 vs 1265 ± 58 ms; P < 0.01) mid-walls. In the CPT, but not in the EH group, native T1 values in the apical wall were significantly higher than those in the basal wall (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

3T magnetic resonance-based T1-mapping can sensitively detect subclinical catecholamine-induced myocardial injury; the influence of catecholamines may be greater in the apical than in the basal wall.
ENDOCRINE HISTORY: The history of discovery, synthesis and development of testosterone for clinical use
Authors: Nieschlag Eberhard , Nieschlag Susan
Published: April 2019

As the most important male hormone, testosterone has an impact on almost all organs and body functions. The biological effects of testosterone and the testes have been known since antiquity, long before testosterone was identified as the active agent. Practical applications of this knowledge were castration of males to produce obedient servants, for punishment, for preservation of the prepubertal soprano voice and even for treatment of diseases. Testes were used in organotherapy and transplanted as treatment for symptoms of hypogonadism on a large scale, although these practices had only placebo effects. In reaction to such malpractice in the first half of the 20th century science and the young pharmaceutical industry initiated the search for the male hormone. After several detours together with their teams in 1935, Ernst Laqueur (Amsterdam) isolated and Adolf Butenandt (Gdansk) as well as Leopold Ruzicka (Zürich) synthesized testosterone. Since then testosterone has been available for clinical use. However, when given orally, testosterone is inactivated in the liver, so that parenteral forms of administration or modifications of the molecule had to be found. Over 85 years the testosterone preparations have been slowly improved so that now physiological serum levels can be achieved.
DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Vázquez-Martínez Edgar Ricardo , Gómez-Viais Yadira Inés , García-Gómez Elizabeth , Reyes-Mayoral Christian , Reyes-Muñoz Enrique , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio , Cerbón Marco
Published: April 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women characterized by hyperandrogenism and abnormal development of ovarian follicles. To date, the PCOS etiology remains unclear and has been related to insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and infertility, among other morbidities. Substantial evidence illustrates the impact of genetic, intrauterine and environmental factors on the PCOS etiology. Lately, epigenetic factors have garnered considerable attention in the pathogenesis of PCOS considering that changes in the content of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNAs have been reported in various tissues of women with this disease. DNA methylation is changed in the peripheral and umbilical cord blood, as well as in ovarian and adipose tissue of women with PCOS, suggesting the involvement of this epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of the disease. Perhaps, these defects in DNA methylation promote the deregulation of genes involved in inflammation, hormone synthesis and signaling and glucose and lipid metabolism. Research on the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of PCOS is just beginning, and several issues await investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of current research focused on DNA methylation and PCOS, as well as discuss the perspectives regarding this topic.
Imágenes retrovirales de la lírica y la plástica boricuas del VIH y sida
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Daniel
Published: April 2019

Un análisis de las imágenes retrovirales en la lírica y un cuadro y una fotografía puertorriqueños. Este artículo argumenta cómo la literatura y el arte sirven como armas de combate contra una sociedad que ha querido acallar el impacto de la pandemia del VIH/sida.
Fotografías del sida: médicos y homosexuales en la prensa costarricense (1985-1990)
Authors: Jiménez Bolaños José Daniel , Soto Rodríguez Mario Andrés
Published: April 2019

El artículo propone realizar un análisis de las fotografías que se incluyeron en las noticias relacionadas al VIH/sida entre 1985-1990 en el periódico La Nación. Se elabora una contextualización sobre el surgimiento del VIH/sida en el ámbito mundial y Costa Rica, en particular. Se parte de la perspectiva teórica de Barthes acerca del análisis fotográfico y se establecen tres categorías para abordar el material: el sida como desastre natural y avanzada militar, la representación del saber médico y las políticas de la vergüenza. Entre los principales resultados se destaca la problematización del vínculo entre fotografía y texto para producir connotaciones específicas; el protagonismo masculino dentro del saber médico y una transformación de la estética de la homosexualidad, el paso de un exotismo a un ocultamiento por vergüenza. Se concluye que la injuria, la vergüenza y su relación con las representaciones visuales son ejes fundamentales que permiten abordar el tema del VIH/sida.
Terror y morBBo en visualidades del contagio VIH/sida en Chile (1990-2018)
Authors: Reyes Gil Sebastián
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza registros visuales de dos momentos históricos del VIH/sida en Chile. El primero de ellos se sitúa en la década de 1980 e incluye imágenes de prensa junto con imágenes y reflexiones en torno a obras de Juan Dávila y Las Yeguas del Apocalipsis. El segundo registro que se explora pertenece a comunidades de sexo bareback en Chile en redes sociales. El análisis recurre a las ideas de comunidad/inmunidad, sobre todo de Roberto Espósito, para observar y pensar ciertas nociones de la comunidad y sus límites. Se establece que, considerando significativas diferencias por las finalidades de las distintas imágenes, ellas muestran los cambios en la cultura sobre el VIH/sida en Chile y el paso de una cultura de lo inmune basada en el miedo a otra, en la cual se manifiestan grupos que promueven prácticas de “contagio” comunitario.
Małżeństwa wolne od zapowiedzi w prawie kanonicznym (z uwzględnieniem polskiego prawa partykularnego)
Authors: Dùllek Bolesław A.
Published: April 2019

Istnieje kilka kategorii małżeństw, które są wyjęte spod prawa o zapowiedziach. Są to: małżeństwa tajne (na mocy prawa kodeksowego); małżeństwa zawierane za dyspensą od przeszkody różności religii (na mocy prawa partykularnego [na przykładzie Polski]); małżeństwa mieszane zawierane za dyspensą od formy kanonicznej (na mocy tejże dyspensy [na przykładzie Polski]); małżeństwa zawierane w niebezpieczeństwie śmierci (na mocy prawa kodeksowego); małżeństwa zawierane w nagłych wypadkach (na mocy epikii); oraz małżeństwa rodzin panujących (na mocy niepamiętnego zwyczaju). Do nich należy dodać małżeństwa, które uzyskały dyspensę od zapowiedzi.
Kary zastrzeżone Stolicy Apostolskiej
Authors: Iwańczak Stanisław
Published: April 2019

Celem niniejszego opracowania są kary, które są zarezerwowane Stolicy Apostolskiej. Zarówno aktualny Kodeks prawa kanonicznego, jak i dokumenty Kongregacji Nauki Wiary wymieniają sześć przestępstw, za które przewidziana jest kara ekskomuniki latae sententiae (wiążącej mocą samego prawa), z której może zwolnić jedynie Stolica Apostolska. Do kategorii przestępstw delicta graviora, które są równocześnie delicta reservata, czyli przestępstwami zarezerwowanymi dla Stolicy Apostolskiej, należą: profanacja postaci konsekrowanych (kan. 1367), czynna zniewaga papieża (kan. 1370 § 1), rozgrzeszenie wspólnika w grzechu przeciwko VI przykazaniu Dekalogu (kan. 1378 § 1, 977), udzielenie sakry biskupiej bez upoważnienia papieskiego (kan. 1382), bezpośrednia zdrada tajemnicy spowiedzi (kan. 1388 § 1), usiłowanie udzielenia święceń kapłańskich kobiecie. Prośby o zwolnienie z kar za wyżej wymienione przestępstwa należy zawsze kierować do Stolicy Apostolskiej zgodnie z podanymi wskazaniami.
Recent Therapeutic Advances and Change in Treatment Paradigm of Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Marquez-Rodas Ivan , de la Cruz-Merino Luis , Martinez-Trufero Javier , Cabrera Miguel Angel , Piulats Jose Maria , Capdevila Jaume , Grande Enrique , Martin-Algarra Salvador , Berrocal Alfonso
Published: April 2019

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive, primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor that typically presents as an indurated nodule on sun-exposed areas of the head and neck in the white population. Major risk factors include immunosuppression, UV light exposure, and advanced age. Up to 80% of MCC are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus. About 50% of patients present with localized disease, and surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy is generally indicated in this context. However, recurrence rates are high and overall prognosis rather poor, with mortality rates of 33%–46%. MCC is a chemosensitive disease, but responses in the advanced setting are seldom durable and not clearly associated with improved survival. Several recent trials with checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, avelumab, nivolumab) have shown very promising results with a favorable safety profile, in both chemonaïve and pretreated patients. In 2017, avelumab was approved by several regulatory agencies for the treatment of metastatic MCC, the first drug to be approved for this orphan disease. More recently, pembrolizumab has also been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in this setting. Immunotherapy has therefore become the new standard of care in advanced MCC. This article reviews current evidence and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of MCC and discusses recent therapeutic advances and their implications for care in patients with advanced disease. This consensus statement is the result of a collaboration between the Spanish Cooperative Group for Neuroendocrine Tumors, the Spanish Group of Treatment on Head and Neck Tumors, and the Spanish Melanoma Group.

Implications for Practice

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon aggressive skin cancer associated with advanced age, UV light exposure, and immunosuppression. Up to 80% are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus. MCC is a chemosensitive disease, but tumor responses in the advanced setting are short-lived with no long-term survivors. Recent clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., pembrolizumab, avelumab, nivolumab) have shown promising results, with avelumab becoming the first drug to receive regulatory approval for this orphan indication. Further follow-up is needed, however, to define more adequately the long-term benefits of these drugs, and continued research is warranted to optimize immunotherapeutic strategies in this setting.
Causes of Poor Study Habits of Students as Expressed by Primary School Teachers in Nigeria
Authors: Okesina Falilat Anike
Published: April 2019

This research investigated the causes of poor study habits of students as expressed by primary school teachers in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this research, and a multi-stage sampling technique procedure was employed to draw a total sample of 200 respondents that participated in the research. The results of the research revealed that the causes of poor study habits of students consisted of poor monitoring by parents, parental educational status and laziness. Moreover, the hypothesis testing conducted in this research stated that there was a significant difference in the causes of poor study habits of students as expressed by teachers based on gender. In addition, there was no significant difference in the causes of poor study habits of students as expressed by teachers based on work experience. Based on the findings of the research, the proposed recommendation is that counselors should be employed in all schools in the country and they should be equipped with supporting facilities to prove their full support and service.
Reciprocal Relationships of Formative Attribute in Ottoman Mosques
Authors: Alaane Talaat
Published: April 2019

Islamic architecture was the most obvious physical incarnation of Islamic civilization, and still. Thus, this object attracts an increased attention of architectural researchers and critics in general, especially, the concept of form and its attributes as it leads to deeper understanding of Islamic architecture models generally. This paper measures the integrated form application by the parameters of formal reciprocal relationships, which produce the final form that expresses an integrated system with formal connections eventually. These connections are usable as a design approach to achieve an architectural design with unique geometrical language that has multi-level features of an integral and reciprocal dimension. Architectural design principles of Ottoman mosques, as an important stage and style of Islamic architecture, have applied these parameters and relationships. The reciprocal relationships of formative attributes in these mosques imply a clear harmony and integration in a high geometrical discipline . The smooth flowing of reciprocity between plan and section is precise and balanced. As the basic effective feature to reach such precision in relationships is emerged from the volume- structure duality. These properties created the aesthetic phases for the general form of Ottoman mosques. It is pivotal to deploy these parameters and features in the act of producing architectural designs which have the continuity with the legacy of Islamic architecture, as well as creating the spirit of identity that has an obvious privacy, and deep civil and historical belonging.
Peculiar features of pregnancy and labor course in patients with different classes of obesity
Authors: Alieva Fatima Kh.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To study the course and outcomes of pregnancy and labor in women with obesity.

Materials and methods. The results of retrospective study of 110 medical cards of pregnant women and their labor anamnesis are presented in the work. Peculiar features of pregnancy and labor course in patients depending on the class of obesity were studied. Digital material was processed using the program “Microsoft Excel” (data analysis package), Biostat. To determine the normality of distribution, Shapiro-Wilk criterion was used, followed by calculation of Fisher’s exact criterion. Odds ratio with CI 95 % was evaluated.

Results. It was revealed that irrespective of excess body mass value, pregnancy and labor in women with obesity are accompanied by complications. At the early stages of gestation, all women with obesity have a high rate of a threat of miscarriage, anemia, at the late stages – a threat of hypertensive disorders, anemia and impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The greatest incidence of Cesarean section was detected in women with class 3 obesity – 87 % versus 54 % and 43 % with class 1 and 2 obesity, respectively.

Conclusions. Obesity during pregnancy is an actual problem owing to elevated risk of the development of unfavorable outcomes for a mother and a fetus.
Coinfection of gastric mucosa with Helicobacter Pylori and Epstein-Barr virus as a factor of ineffectiveness of antihelicobacter chronic gastritis therapy in adolescents
Authors: Akkuratova I. S. , Spivak E. M. , Manyakina O. M.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To assess the character of bacterial-viral infection of the gastric mucosa and dynamics of inflammatory process in adolescents with chronic gastritis in case of antihelicobacter therapy failure.

Materials and methods. Seventy two adolescents with chronic gastritis aged 11–18 years (mean age 13.8 ± 0.4) were examined prior to and after antihelicobacter therapy.

Results. It was established that after treatment against the background of regression of clinical symptoms, in most patients no positive dynamics of process manifestation or its progression was noted both in the body and antral part of the stomach.

Conclusions. In the absolute majority of adolescents with the absence of Hp eradication (78.7 %) there was observed colonization with positive Hp strains and persistence of Epstein-Barr virus (68.1 %). It allows considering patients with such co-infection as a risk group for the absence of Hp eradication.
Oncological risks of MTHFR, BRCA1 AND BRCA2 gene mutations in patients with chronic endometritis
Authors: Kobaidze E. G.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To assess the oncological risks for the MTHFR, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation in patients with chronic endometritis.

Materials and methods. Eighty six patients were examined: 33 practically healthy women and 53 patients with chronic endometritis. A part of the DNA of MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), BRCA1 (3361C > T), BRCA2 (Ser455Ser) genes was used as primers, ultrasound investigation of the mammary glands was implemented.

Results. Among patients with chronic endometritis, there was detected a high rate of benign mammary gland dysplasia, chronic pathology of gastrointestinal tract organs.

Conclusions. Patients with chronic endometritis have significant oncological risks, minor MTHFR and BRCA1 gene alleles were revealed in them more often than major ones, that, against the background of raised oncological pathology, acquires special significance.
Characteristic of epidemiological process of tick-borne viral encephalitis in child population of Siberian federal district regions
Authors: Shirokostup Sergei V. , Lukyanenko Natalya V.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To detect the characteristics of the epidemic process of tick-borne encephalitis among the child population of the regions of Siberian Federal District with evaluation of the efficiency of preventive measures regarding this infection.

Materials and methods. The data of official statistical reports of Rospotrebnadzor, regional healthcare services were used in the study. Data processing was fulfilled using the program Statistica 13.0.

Results. Over the period from 2000 to 2017, a mean long-term tick-borne encephalitis morbidity rate among the persons under seventeen in Siberian Federal District was 6.2 ± 1.39 0/0000 that is by 39.7 % lower than the analogous index in the adult population (8.7 ± 0.82 0/0000, p < 0,001). In the study, there was analyzed the efficiency of preventive measures among children and adolescents and revealed the leading factors, essentially influencing the formation of a tendency of tick-borne viral encephalitis morbidity.

Conclusions. The territories of potential risk for this infection within the borders of SFD among the child population were determined.