bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimations économétriques de modèles de croissance pour la Chine
Authors: Long Zhiming , Herrera Rémy
Published: January 2019

Cet article entend contribuer à l’explication de la croissance du PIB chinois en longue période, en s’appuyant sur des séries statistiques reconstruites. Il présente des bases de données originales et leurs méthodes de construction de stocks de capital physique (1 ère partie) et humain (2 e partie) pour la Chine de 1952 à 2012. Puis il les estime économétriquement dans le cadre de modèles théoriques allant de spécifications solowiennes à des formalisations en croissance endogène avec indicateurs de R&D. Les stocks productifs de capital physique et de capital humain, ainsi que la R & D contribuent positivement à la croissance économiquee chinoise (3 e partie).
Essai sur l’économie politique du développement : en hommage à Philippe Hugon
Authors: Egg Johny , Gabas Jean-Jacques , Géronimi Vincent , Vernières Michel
Published: January 2019

L’économie politique du développement a l’ambition de traiter des questions relatives à la production et à la répartition des biens et services, tant matériels qu’immatériels, au cours des processus de développement des sociétés humaines. C’est à cette tâche, vaste et complexe, que s’est consacré Philippe Hugon qui nous a quittés le 28 avril 2018 et auquel cet article rend hommage. Sa démarche intellectuelle y est illustrée par une réflexion à partir de ses travaux sur la pensée en économie du développement, la mondialisation, la régionalisation et la prospective des économies africaines.
Closer is not better. Distance and proximity in the use of health care by women living with HIV and AIDS in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Nikiema Aude , Bonnet Emmanuel , Tougma Alix , Le Marcis Frédéric
Published: January 2019

The particular concern of HIV health care policies is with the transmission of the virus from mother to infant, from delivery until cessation of breastfeeding. PMTCT care seeks to help women reduce the risk by providing suitable services. In Burkina Faso, the authorities have chosen to bring health care facilities physically closer to HIV-positive women by increasing provision and thereby reducing the distance of access to them. Our purpose is to define the area in which these health care practices take place and the factors that determine them. 30 women were monitored for this study, from pregnancy until the infant reached six months of age, in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. The results show the women’s active involvement in attending PMTCT services. They travel long distances in a difficult physical environment, often using precarious means of transport. But the relationship between the distances from place of residence and health care is unexpected. The observations are at variance with research studies which show that the distance from health care facilities is not a criterion of attendance. While urban studies present distance as a neutral factor in the context of the use of care health services, our research shows distance as a criterion for attendance. Regardless the means of transport used, women travel long distances for PMTCT follow-up, as opposed to usual care.
LRP1 Controls TNF Release via the TIMP-3/ADAM17 Axis in Endotoxin-Activated Macrophages
Authors: Schubert Kristin , Collins Laura E. , Green Patricia , Nagase Hideaki , Troeberg Linda
Published: January 2019

The metalloproteinase ADAM17 plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation by releasing TNF from its precursor. Prolonged TNF release causes many chronic inflammatory diseases, indicating that tight regulation of ADAM17 activity is essential for resolution of inflammation. In this study, we report that the endogenous ADAM17 inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibits ADAM17 activity only when it is bound to the cell surface and that cell surface levels of TIMP-3 in endotoxin-activated human macrophages are dynamically controlled by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Pharmacological blockade of LRP1 inhibited endocytic clearance of TIMP-3, leading to an increase in cell surface levels of the inhibitor that blocked TNF release. Following LPS stimulation, TIMP-3 levels on the surface of macrophages increased 4-fold within 4 h and continued to accumulate at 6 h, before a return to baseline levels at 8 h. This dynamic regulation of cell surface TIMP-3 levels was independent of changes in TIMP-3 mRNA levels, but correlated with shedding of LRP1. These results shed light on the basic mechanisms that maintain a regulated inflammatory response and ensure its timely resolution.
The Autoimmune Susceptibility GeneC5orf30Regulates Macrophage-Mediated Resolution of Inflammation
Authors: Dorris Emma R. , Tazzyman Simon J. , Moylett John , Ramamoorthi Nandhini , Hackney Jason , Townsend Michael , Muthana Munitta , Lewis Myles J. , Pitzalis Costantino , Wilson Anthony G.
Published: January 2019

Genetic variants in C5orf30 have been associated with development of the autoimmune conditions primary biliary cirrhosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, C5orf30 expression is cell-specific, with highest expression found in macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. C5orf30 is highly expressed in inflamed joints and is a negative regulator of tissue damage in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Transcriptomic analysis from ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy of inflamed joints in a well characterized clinical cohort of newly diagnosed, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs–naive rheumatoid arthritis patients was used to determine the clinical association of C5orf30 expression with disease activity. A combined molecular and computational biology approach was used to elucidate C5orf30 function in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Synovial expression of C5orf30 is inversely correlated with both clinical measures of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and with synovial TNF mRNA expression. C5orf30 plays a role in regulating macrophage phenotype and is differentially turned over in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Inhibition of C5orf30 reduces wound healing/repair–associated functions of macrophages, reduces signaling required for resolution of inflammation, and decreases secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators. In an animal model of wound healing (zebrafish), C5orf30 inhibition increases the recruitment of macrophages to the wound site. Finally, we demonstrate that C5orf30 skews macrophage immunometabolism, demonstrating a mechanism for C5orf30-mediated immune regulation.
The role of nutraceutical medications in men with non bacterial chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A prospective non blinded study utilizing flower pollen extracts versus bioflavonoids
Authors: Maurizi Angela , De Luca Francesco , Zanghi Antonino , Manzi Emy , Leonardo Costantino , Guidotti Michele , Antonaccio F.P. , Olivieri Valerio , De Dominicis Carlo
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Chronic prostatitis (CP)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) represents a challenge for the urologist, since the therapeutic efficacy does not always result in a satisfactory quality of life for the patients. Often the side effects of the medications used (antiinflammatories, antibiotics, alpha blockers) far outweighs the benefits gained with their admission. The choice of nutraceutical medications is preferred for their effectiveness, that has been accepted and proven by the scientific community, and for the low incidence of side effects. The objective of this study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of the flower pollen extracts (Deprox®) versus Bioflavonoids in terms of reduction of symptoms, and in the average waiting time of the variation of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), and to evaluate the quality of life improvement of the patients affected by CP/CPPS. Methods: Among the 68 patients presented with prostatic symptoms to the Hospital “Umberto I” in Rome, Italy between March 2016 and June 2016, 54 patients met the clinical diagnosis of CP/CPPS (class IIIa or IIIb according to the NIH classification). The patients were assigned to either treatment with Deprox® or quercetin based on a randomization scheme previously determined.The NIH- CPSI, IPSS, QoL questionnaires were administered. Every patient underwent bacterial cultures and trans-rectal ultrasound. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement of the NIH-CPSI score and QoL in the Deprox® group (p = < 0.0001 and p = 0.003 respectively). The average waiting time of the variation of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was statistically significant (p = 0.0019). In the absence of efficacy of the “conventional” medications, which also carries significant side effects, the dietary supplements may represent a valid alternative. Conclusions: DEPROX® has demonstrated a significant improvement of the symptoms and quality of life of patients diagnosed with by CP/CPPS. Furthermore, there was a statistical difference in the average waiting time of the variation of the NIH-CPSI) score without side effects as compared to the bioflavonoids complex with quercetin.
Spiking Kinematics in Volleyball Players With Shoulder Pain
Authors: Shih Yi-Fen , Wang Yuan-Ching
Published: January 2019

Context

Spiking is one of the most frequently used scoring techniques in volleyball games, and around 80% of shoulder pain in volleyball players is linked with the spiking movement.

Objective

To investigate the differences in glenohumeral joint, scapular, and trunk movements during the spiking motion between volleyball players with and those without shoulder pain.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty amateur volleyball players with shoulder pain (age = 21.8 ± 1.79 years, with an average of 4.0 ± 0.92 years of volleyball experience and 6.0 ± 3.51 months of shoulder pain) and 20 sex-, age-, and experience-matched control participants.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The 3-dimensional kinematics of the shoulder joint, scapula, and trunk during spiking were assessed using an electromagnetic tracking system.

Results

Compared with the control group, individuals with shoulder pain demonstrated less scapular posterior tilt (P = .041) and more glenohumeral horizontal abduction (P = .008) and scapular internal rotation (P = .02) at ball contact when performing the cross-body spike.

Conclusions

The decrease in scapular posterior tilt, along with increased glenohumeral horizontal abduction and scapular internal rotation, was associated with shoulder pain in university volleyball players. These changes should be addressed in the training and treatment of young volleyball players.
A History of Previous Severe Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Former Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Cowee Katlyn , Simon Janet E.
Published: January 2019

Context

Empirical evidence supports the idea that previous severe injuries in former collegiate athletes may adversely affect their ability to participate in daily activities later in life, which may then decrease their health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Objective

To assess the influences of previous severe injuries on the HRQOL of former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 171 former NCAA collegiate athletes (69 men, 102 women; age = 29.7 ± 3.9 years, height = 171.5 ± 10.4 cm, mass = 76.4 ± 12.9 kg) participated. All individuals completed a demographics questionnaire and the Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) Health Survey via Qualtrics.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The dependent variables were the physical composite and mental composite summary scores and the 8 subscales of the SF-36v2. The independent variable was the presence of previous severe injury (history of a severe injury or no history of a severe injury during collegiate athletics). Two multivariate analyses of variance were conducted. The first multivariate analysis of variance was conducted for the 8 SF-36v2 subscales and the second for the 2 summary scores.

Results

For the summary scores and all 8 SF-36v2 subscales, the responses were worse for the 103 former collegiate athletes who sustained a previous severe injury compared with the 68 who did not sustain a severe injury. The largest difference between groups was for the physical composite score, with a mean difference of 15.8 points (1.5 standard deviations worse than the US population); the physical functioning subscale demonstrated a mean difference of 12.9 points (1.3 standard deviations worse than the US population).

Conclusions

A majority of the athletes in our sample had experienced a severe injury. Based on these data, previous severe injuries had a negative influence on the HRQOL of former NCAA collegiate athletes.
Model of the solutes transfer during osmotic dehydration of vegetal matrices: a proposal
Authors: Méndez-Lagunas Lilia Leticia , Muñiz-Becerá Sahylin , Rodríguez-Ramírez Juan , Sandoval-Torres Sadoth
Published: January 2019

Osmotic dehydration of apple was modeled considering the mechanisms involved in the solutes transfer within the plant matrix: impregnation and diffusion. The model mathematical writing includes the impregnation layer thickness, the diffusion thickness, a water bulk flow and the convective resistance. Apple cylinders were dehydrated at 30, 50 ° C and 30, 50 ° Brix and a motion of 0.15 m/s. The Reynolds number was of 250 for 30°C-30°Bx and 500 for 50°C-50°Bx. Schmidt numbers was of 4000 for 30 ° C-30 ° Bx and 4200 for 50 ° C-50 ° Bx.Keywords: transfer; solute; impregnation; osmotic dehydration.
Three-dimensional measurement of internal structure in frozen food materials by cryogenic microtome spectral imaging system
Authors: Do Gabsoo , Sase Sadanori , Bae Yeonghwan , Maeda Tatsurou , Ueno Shigeaki , Araki Tetsuya
Published: January 2019

The objective of this work was to establish a three-dimensional measuring method for the size, morphology and distribution of internal structure such as ice crystals, bubbles and solids content within an ice cream sample by using a cryogenic microtome spectral imaging system (CMtSIS). The 3-D images of ice crystals, bubbles and milk solids were recognized by reconstructing the circles in 2-D images into 3-D spheres; and the Overrun by Volume (ORV) was obtained by incorporating the area of bubbles on integrated image and the volume of bubbles in the 3-D image. Keywords: Ice crystal, Bubble, Internal structure, Spectral imaging, Micro- to macro-scale, Freeze-Drying
Dependency of continuum model parameters on the spatially correlated pore structure studied by pore-network drying simulations
Authors: Kharaghani Abdolreza , Lu Xiang , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: January 2019

Pore-network simulations are carried out for monomodal and bimodal pore structures with spatially correlated pore-size distributions. The internal and surface relationships between the partial vapor pressure and saturation as well as the moisture transport coefficient for these model porous structures are identified from the post-processing of the corresponding pore-network model solutions. The simulation results show that the deviation of the partial vapor pressure from the saturation vapor pressure in the presence of liquid – which is referred to as non-local equilibrium effect – in the bimodal pore structures is less pronounced than in the monomodal pore structures. For the monomodal pore structures the moisture transport coefficient profile is not unique over the entire drying process, whereas this profile depends marginally on the drying history of the bimodal pore structures. Finally the ability of the continuum model to predict the results of the pore-network simulations for multiple realizations of the pore space is assessed. Keywords: Scale transition, Moisture transport coefficient, Pore structure, Discrete model, Continuum model
Use of a multi-vial mathematical model to design freeze-drying cycles for pharmaceuticals at known risk of failure
Authors: Scutellà Bernadette , Trelea Ioan Cristian , Bourlés Erwan , Fonseca Fernanda , Passot Stephanie
Published: January 2019

Freeze-drying is a dehydration method suitable for the stabilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical products, such as vaccines. Due to the vial-to-vial variability of heat and mass transfer during the process, the value of the critical process parameters (e.g., product temperature, sublimation rate) may be different between vials and batches often present significant product quality heterogeneity. The aim of this work was the development of a dynamic, multi-vial mathematical model making it possible to predict risk of failure of the process, defined as the percentage of vials potentially rejected by quality inspection. This tool could assist the design of freeze-drying cycle. Keywords: lyophilization; vaccines; heat and mass transfer; mathematical modeling; design space
Mechanical and thermal segregation of milli-beads during contact heating in a rotary drum. DEM modeling and simulation.
Authors: Mesnier Aline , Rouabah Maroua , Cogné C. , Peczalski Roman , Vessot-Crastes Séverine , Vacus Pascal , Andrieu Julien
Published: January 2019

The flow mechanics and heat transfer phenomena within a bed of milli-metric size spherical beads rotated and heated by contact in a horizontal drum were simulated by means of commercial discrete element software EDEM. Mono-dispersed and bi-dispersed beds (two particle sizes or two particle densities) were considered. The mechanical segregation index (standard deviation of local bed compositions) and the thermal segregation index (standard deviation of beads temperatures) were calculated for the different types of bed and same operating conditions. The thermal segregation was found to be enhanced by mechanical segregation and was much stronger for bi-dispersed beds than for monodispersed one.   Keywords: rotating drum; particulate solid; segregation; contact heat transfer; DEM simulation.
Effects of ozone pretreatment on drying kinetics and quality of Granny Smith Apple dried in a fluidized bed dryer
Authors: Rodrigues Sueli , Fonteles Thatyane Vidal , Do Nascimento Ronnyely Braz Reis , Fernandes Fabiano Andre Narciso
Published: January 2019

Fluidized bed drying is a method for controlled and mild drying of wetThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone pretreatment on drying of green apple carried out in a fluidized bed dryer to determine drying kinetics and identify operating parameters for improved product quality. Results reveal that drying temperature in different levels affected water diffusivity and retention of bioactive compounds. The ozone pretreatment showed unexpected results since the pretreatment reduced the water difusivity and promoted an increase in the enzyme activity. The treatment time strongly afftected the final polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities. On the other hand, the ozone treatment resulted in lower color changes compared to non-ozone treated dried apples.Keywords: diffusivity; polyphenoloxidase; enzymatic browning; ozone.
Lattice Boltzmann modeling and simulation of isothermal drying of capillary porous media
Authors: Surasani Vikranth Kumar , Zachariah Githin Tom , Panda Debashis
Published: January 2019

Modeling of dring of capillary porous media is difficult due to the complex and coupled heat and mass transfer that occur at dynamic liquid-gas-sold interface. Thus far, drying was simulated using either continuum models or pore-network models, both of which have limitations. In this work, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to simulate the drying in porous media. The LBM is ideal for such simulations as it can incorporate complex effects in a simple way to exhibit realistic fluid-gas interface during drying of capillary porous media. Keywords: Lattice Boltzmann Method; Capillary Porous media; Drying, Pore Network.
Mechanistic modeling expedites the development of spray dried biologics
Authors: Carrigy Nicholas B. , Liang Lu , Wang Hui , Kariuki Sam , Nagel Tobi E. , Connerton Ian F. , Vehring Reinhard
Published: January 2019

Spray drying can be used to extend the shelf life of biologics stored at ambient temperature. Empirical and statistical design of experiments approaches typically require a relatively large number of experiments to determine suitable formulation and spray drying process parameters. An alternative approach, which may require fewer experiments, is to use mechanistic models to select these parameters. In this paper, mechanistic models are applied to develop a bacteriophage powder expected to have long-term physical stability at ambient temperature. The developed powder may be useful for decreasing incidences of foodborne illness in Kenya.Keywords: bacteriophage powder; glass transition temperature; supplemented phase diagram; spray drying; stability.
Multi-zone & multi-compartment model for dynamic simulation of horizontal fluidized bed granulator
Authors: Mielke Lisa , Bück Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: January 2019

Due to the ongoing development and implementation of process control and observation techniques in production processes of particulate products, the research on complexly designed process apparatuses has become of great interest. The work presented in this paper is focused on a model-based study on a multi-chamber horizontal fluidized bed apparatus for fluidized bed layering granulation. The model for the solid phase is extended by a new drying model. Because of the great variety of parameters that influence this complex system a preliminary model-based study on a simplified setup shall show which construction or process parameters influence the product quality. Keywords: fluidized bed granulation; population balance modeling; surface moisture content; drying
Hot air drying combined vacuum-filling nitrogen drying of apple slices: Drying characteristics and nutrients
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Li T. , Li S.N. , Wu Z.H. , Xue J.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, hot air drying (HAD) was applied when moisture content of apple slices range from 50% to 86%, and then vacuum-filling nitrogen drying (VFND) was used till moisture content reaching 7%. Results showed that, the drying rate of apple slice during VFND period increased with temperature increment and decreased with increment of slice thickness; compared to freezing dried samples,  samples dried in this research were owned lower Vc and higher flavonoid; when HAD (70℃,3.0m/s)+VFND(relative pressure 0.08MPa, 50℃) and thickness of 6.0mm, nutrients reached better levels: retentions of Vc, total phenolics and flavonoid were 1.63mg/100g, 4.07mg/100g and 2.10mg/100g, respectively. Keywords: apple slices, hot air drying, vacuum-filling nitrogen drying, drying rate, nutrients
Bioavailability of freeze-dried and spray-dried grapefruit juice vitamin C
Authors: Martínez-Navarrete Nuria , Camacho María del Mar , Igual Marta , Martínez-Lahuerta Juan José
Published: January 2019

An alternative as to offer higher stable and easy handling than fresh fruit is in powdered form, as long as the process used to obtain it ensures a high quality product. The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of the vitamin C of a juice prepared from powdered grapefruit obtained by freeze-drying and by spray-drying. A trial was conducted with 11 healthy volunteers. A relative increase of 1,4 – 25,8 % of blood serum vitamin C concentration was quantified after juices intake, with no significant differences (p>0.05) due to the process used to obtain the powder. Keywords: vitamin C; bioavailability in humans; grapefruit powder; freeze-drying; spray-drying.
Drying of wastes of almond shells in conical spouted beds
Authors: San Jose Maria J , Alvarez Sonia , Lopez Raquel
Published: January 2019

The goal of this study was to prove the feasibility of a conical spouted bed dryer for the drying of wastes of almond tree fruit. The drying operating regimes ranges in sspouted beds contactors were determined. The drying tests were conducted in the spouted bed regime under determined experimental conditions. Beds consisting of almond shells were dried at drying air temperatures ranging from room temperature to 140 ºC. The drying behaviour was assessed based on the decrease in moisture content of almond shells with the time and the effect of drying air temperature on the drying process was analyzed. Keywords: Almond shells wastes; conical spouted beds; biomass wastes; drying
Effects of drying conditions on the content of glycosides and antioxidants of packed bed of stevia leaves
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Juan , Noyola-Altamirano Beatriz , Barriada-Bernal Luis Gerardo , Méndez-Lagunas Lilia L.
Published: January 2019

The commercial value of stevia dehydrated leaves is related to the content of glycocides and their appearance. The present work approaches the effect of packed bed drying conditions (temperature, flow rate and solid loading) on glycosides and antioxidants activity of stevia leaves of Morita II variety. Diffusion coefficient was calculated. The drying times ranged between 34 and 160 minutes, the temperature was the most significant factor followed by solid loading and flow rate. Drying increases the concentration of antioxidants, stevioside and reduces rebaudioside A. Keywords: drying, packed bed, stevia rebaudiana, glycosides, antioxidants
Enhancing antioxidant property of instant coffee by microencapsulation via spray drying
Authors: Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda , Sakawulan Desi , Archer Richard
Published: January 2019

This study is aimed to improve the antioxidant property of instant coffee by using microencapsulation technique and spray drying. Concentrated coffee extract was mixed with Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) and Maltodextrin (MD). The mixture of coating material and coffee extract was then spray dried at 160 - 180 °C inlet air temperature and at 85-90 °C outlet air temperature. KGMH can preserve retention of phenolic compounds, DPPH scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of FRAP (p<0.05 of instrant coffee better than other treatment. Keywords: Hydrolysed Konjac Glucomannan; Spray Drying; Microencapsulation; Instant Coffee, Antioxidant
Hybrid solar-gas-electric dryer optimization with genetic algorithms
Authors: Abdenouri Naji , El Ferouali H. , Gharafi M. , Zoukit A. , Doubabi S.
Published: January 2019

To promote the hybrid solar dryers for use even under unfavorable weather and to overcome the intermittance state issue, the energy consumption should be optimized and the response time should be reduced. This work concerns a drying chamber connected to a solar absorber where the air can be heated also by combustion of gas and by electric resistance. To optimize the control parameters, an evolutionary optimization algorithm simulating natural selection was used. It was combined with a predictive model based on the artificial neural networks (ANN) technique and used as a fitness function for the genetic algorithm (GA). The ANN is a learning algorithm that needs training through a large dataset, which was collected using CFD simulation and experimental data. Then a GA was executed in order to optimize two objectives: The energy consumption and the t95% response time in which the drying chamber temperature reaches its set point (60°C). After optimization, a 30% decrease of the t95% response time, and 20% decrease of the energy consumption were obtained.   Keywords: hybrid solar dryer; artificial neural network; temperature regulation; energy consumption; genetic algorithm.
Identification of moisture transport mechanism in gypsum during convective drying
Authors: Adamski Robert , Adamska A. , Pakowski Z.
Published: January 2019

Gypsum is a popular building material. Drying and rewetting of gypsum is a process of practical importance. This work presents the experimental results of kinetic of drying, heating and internal pressure development in rewetted gypsum cylinders. Analysis of the observed changes is presented. Additionally sorption isotherms, permeability and dependence of Young’s modulus on moisture content were measured. These data will be used in the model of the process under development.   Keywords: internal pressure, permeability, Young’s modulus
Implementation of P-Controller in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of a Pilot Scale Outlet Temperature Controlled Spray Dryer
Authors: Afshar Sepideh , Jubaer Hasan , Metzger Lloyd , Patel Hasmukh , Selomulya Cordelia , Woo Meng Wai
Published: January 2019

Most of the CFD simulations of spray dryers reported in the literature utilizes a fixed air inlet temperature numerical framework.  In this paper, a numerical framework was introduced to model spray drying as an outlet air temperature controlled process.  A P-controller numerical framework was introduced which allows the inlet temperature to be automatically adjusted based on the required outlet temperature set point.  This numerical framework was evaluated with a simulation of a two-stage pilot scale spray drying system at the Davis Dairy Plant (South Dakota State University) which is used for commercial contract spray drying operation. Keywords: CFD simulation; Multi-Stage Spray Drying; P-Controller
Modelling batch drying of fine sand in a fountain confined conical spouted bed
Authors: Tellabide Mikel , Pablos Aitor , Estiati I. , Vicente Jorge , Aguado Roberto , Olazar Martin
Published: January 2019

A rigorous model based on hydrodynamic considerations and mass and energy balances has been proposed for batch drying of fine sand in a fountain confined conical spouted bed. The results show that the proposed model predicts acceptably the evolution with time of moisture content in the solid and the final moisture content for the different operating conditions, with the mass transfer coefficient being the only adjustable parameter.Keywords: Fine sand; spouted bed; batch drying; modelling.
Modeling sorption isotherms and isosteric heat of sorption of roasted coffee beans
Authors: Collazos-Escobar Gentil Andres , Gutiérrez-Guzmán Nelson , Vaquiro-Herrera Henry Alexander , Cortes-Macias Erika Tatiana
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work was determine the sorption isotherms in roasted beans of specialty coffee at temperatures of 25, 30 and 40 °C and water activities between 0.1 and 0.8 using the dynamic dew point method. The experimental sorption data were modeled using 12 different equations to represent the dependence of equilibrium moisture content with aw and temperature. The net isosteric heat of sorption was determined from the experimental sorption data using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The Weibull model satisfactorily modeled the effect of the temperature on the hygroscopic equilibrium in roasted coffee beans (R2adj =0.902 and RMSE = 0.00550 kg·kg-1d.b.). The net isosteric heat of sorption increase with increased moisture content. Keywords: water activity; sorption properties; equilibrium moisture content; hygroscopicity
Investigation of influence of pre-treatment and low-temperature on drying kinetics, sorption properties, shrinkage and color of brown seaweeds (Saccharina Latissima)
Authors: Tolstorebrov Ignat , Eikevik Trygve Magne , Petrova Inna , Shokina Yulia , Bantle Michael
Published: January 2019

Drying kinetics of Saccharina latissima (raw and blanched) at low temperatures (10.0, 25.0 and 38.0 °C) was studied. The effective moisture diffusivity coefficient varied due to temperature alterations in the range between 1.4 and 4.5 10-10 m2/s for raw and 0.91 and 2.56 10-10 m2/s for blanched seaweeds. Significant changes in structural properties and chemical composition resulted in a much longer drying time of blanched seaweeds, when compared with raw. Drying temperature of 38.0 °C resulted in more brown color, when compared with other samples. Sorption characteristics of dried raw seaweeds depended on salt content and showed high accumulation of moisture at relative humidity of air of 80.0 %. The blanched seaweeds showed linear accumulation of moisture within increasing of relative humidity of drying air from 20.0 to 80.0 %, but high level of hysteresis was determined between sorption and desorption isotherms. The shrinkage development within dewatering of blanched and raw samples was also studied. Keywords: brown seaweeds, drying kinetics, sorption isotherms, color
Os porquês de Wanda Tinasky não ser Thomas Pynchon – um estudo de caso (I)
Authors: Brandão Saulo Cunha de Serpa
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho relata uma experiência prática em que utilizo algumas funcionalidades do software Neolo para analisar três grupos de textos: 1. Escritos não ficcionais de Thomas Pynchon; 2. As cartas de Wanda Tinasky; e, 3. Cartas que foram publicadas em reação às ideias de Wanda no mesmo jornal. O objetivo é mostrar que é possível comprovar que as cartas de Wanda não foram escritas por Pynchon como criam alguns especialistas da obra do ficcionista. O professor Donald Foster já fez essa comprovação seguindo uma investigação tradicional, histórica. Neste texto demonstrarei como a distinção pode ser feita a partir de análise computacional e atende a métodos quantitativo, qualitativos e aliados a algum dado histórico para fortalecer a proposta. Um último objetivo que almejo com este trabalho é demonstrar que não é preciso fórmulas arrojadas e complexas para fazer o trabalho de distinguir estilo de autores.
“Memento lues, delenda lues!” A profilaxia e o tratamento da sífilis na Revista de Medicina nos anos 1920.
Authors: Peixoto Priscila Bermudes , Carvalho Leonardo Dallacqua de
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar as abordagens sobre a sífilis encontradas na Revista de Medicina, com ênfase em refletir sobre o modo como esta enfermidade era pensada no contexto dos anos 1920, momento em que a corrente higienista possuía considerável adesão entre os médicos brasileiros. Entendida como um fator de degeneração, a sífilis era mencionada como consequência de um comportamento impróprio e imoral. Nesse sentido, objetivamos analisar as discussões em torno de seus tratamentos e medidas profiláticas.
Ditadura Militar brasileira e memórias femininas
Authors: Sousa Príscila Paula de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo analisa as memórias de algumas mulheres que estiveram no cárcere durante a Ditadura Militar no Brasil, através de seus relatos em entrevistas e depoimentos, afim de entender quais foram as formas por elas encontradas para resistir ao que viveram no período, não se deixando paralisar pelo terror imposto pelos aparatos repressivos. Trata-se também, de analisar como o ato de contar o que houve é também uma forma de contar-se, de estruturar sua subjetividade e buscar uma identidade. Essas mulheres viram e ainda veem suas vidas intimas arrastadas para o público, aprenderam a cuidar do outro e criar relações de solidariedade dentro das prisões, o que as ajudou a resistir. Assim, essas sobreviventes necessitam ter seu lugar e histórias tratados pela historiografia, afim de que não se esqueça que foram parte importante da luta resistente no período ditatorial.
Evaluation of patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolisation by Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy
Authors: Kennoki Norifumi , Koizumi Kiyoshi , Tomita Koichi , Moriya Tomohisa , Otaka Jun , Suzuki Kunihito , Saguchi Toru , Chiba Naokazu , Kawachi Shigeyuki , Serizawa Hiromi
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To analyse the correlation between the fold change in residual liver volume (RLV) and residual liver uptake at 15 (RLU15) before and after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolisation (PTPE).

Material and methods

Between August 2010 and December 2016, 20 patients who underwent PTPE were retrospectively selected. Before and three weeks after PTPE, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy were performed to analyse the fold changes in RLV and RLU15, respectively, as well as their correlation.

Results

After PTPE, a significant increase was observed in the RLV (before: 464 ± 99 ml; after: 573 ± 118 ml, p = 0.004) and the RLU15 (before: 11.0 ± 2.9%; after: 17.7 ± 3.8%, p = 5 × 10-7). The fold increase of RLV and RLU15 in all patients was 1.25 ± 0.15 and 1.66 ± 0.33, respectively. No significant correlation was observed in the fold increase in both RLV and RLU15 (r = 0.14, p = 0.66). In patients no. 3 and 9, who were outliers, the increase in RLV was minimal and RLU15 increased greatly, and these 2 patients underwent radical hepatectomy after PTPE.

Conclusions

No correlation was observed between the fold increase in RLV and RLU15 before and after PTPE. In order to accurately evaluate the residual liver function, it should be considered necessary to evaluate not only by morphological CECT volumetry, but also by functional outcome of Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy.
Residual liver volume may not necessarily reflect RLF. It may be possible to improve the radical resection rate by detecting the potential increase of RLF with RLU15 of Tc-99m GSA scintigraphy.
Magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced rectal cancer: quantitative evaluation of the complete response to neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Tarallo Nicola , Angeretti Maria Gloria , Bracchi Elena , Xhepa Genti , Molinelli Valeria , Tagliaferri Chiara , Antognoni Paolo , Novario Raffaele , Sessa Fausto , Fugazzola Carlo
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the discrimination of complete responder (CR) from the non-complete responder (n-CR) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing chemotherapy and radiation (CRT).

Material and methods

Between December 2009 and January 2014, 32 patients (33 lesions: one patient had two synchronous lesions) were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent a pre- and post-CRT conventional MRI study completed with DWI. For both data sets (T2-weighted and DWI), the pre- and post-CRT tumour volume (VT2; VDWI) and the tumour volume reduction ratio (∆V%) were determined as well as pre- and post-CRT apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ADC change (∆ADC%). Histopathological findings were the standard of reference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare performance of T2-weighted and DWI volumetry, as well as ADC.

Results

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed a good accuracy of pre- and post-CRT values of VT2 (0.86; 0.91) and VDWI (0.82; 1.00) as well as those of ΔVT2% (0.84) and ΔVDWI% (1.00) for the CR assessment, with no statistical difference. The AUC of pre- and post-CRT ADC (0.53; 0.54) and that of ΔADC% (0.58) were significantly lower.

Conclusions

Both post-CRT VDWI and ΔVDWI% (AUC = 1) are very accurate for the assessment of the CR, in spite of no significant differences in comparison to the conventional post-CRT VT2 (AUC = 0.91) and ΔVT2% (AUC = 0.84). On the contrary, both ADC and ΔADC% values are not reliable.
The impact of fluctuations and correlations in droplet growth by collision-coalescence revisited. Part II: Observational evidence of gel formation in warm clouds
Authors: Alfonso Lester , Raga Graciela B. , Baumgardner Darrel
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In recent papers (Alfonso et al., 2013; Alfonso and Raga, 2017) the sol-gel transition was proposed as a mechanism for the formation of large droplets required to trigger warm rain development in cumulus clouds. In the context of cloud physics, gelation can be interpreted as the formation of the lucky droplet that grows by accretion of smaller droplets at a much faster rate than the rest of the population and becomes the embryo for raindrops. However, all the results in this area have been theoretical or simulation studies. The aim of this paper is to find some observational evidence of gel formation in clouds by analyzing the distribution of the largest droplet at an early stage of cloud formation, and to show that the mass of the gel (largest drop) is a mixture of a Gaussian and a Gumbel distributions, in accordance with the pseudo-critical clustering scenario described in Gruyer et al. (2013) for nuclear multi-fragmentation.
Environmental signal shredding on sandy coastlines
Authors: Lazarus Eli D. , Harley Mitchell D. , Blenkinsopp Chris E. , Turner Ian L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. How storm events contribute to long-term shoreline change over
decades to centuries remains an open question in coastal research. Sand and
gravel coasts exhibit remarkable resilience to event-driven disturbances,
and, in settings where sea level is rising, shorelines retain almost no
detailed information about their own past positions. Here, we use a
high-frequency, multi-decadal observational record of shoreline position to
demonstrate quantitative indications of morphodynamic turbulence – “signal
shredding” – in a sandy beach system. We find that, much as in other dynamic
sedimentary systems, processes of sediment transport that affect shoreline
position at relatively short timescales may obscure or erase evidence of
external forcing. This suggests that the physical effects of annual (or
intra-annual) forcing events, including major storms, may convey less about
the dynamics of long-term shoreline change – and vice versa – than coastal
researchers might wish.
Remembering Phoebe in the Twelfth Century: The Forgotten Deacon in Paul's Letter to Romans
Authors: Clark Anne L.
Published: January 2019

In his Letter to Romans, Paul mentions an otherwise unknown woman named Phoebe, whom he extols as a deacon or minister. Peter Abelard reviewed patristic opinions about Phoebe, putting into currency ancient debates over women's roles in liturgical and teaching ministry. About two decades later, Phoebe was again resurrected, even more surprisingly, in a manuscript where she was not mentioned textually but invoked visually. The appearance of Phoebe—an apostolic model of women's ministry—in an age of emerging forms of women's religious life, reveals tensions among men about the possibilities of women's religious leadership and transmission of knowledge.
Informing the Balanced Theory of Port Competitiveness Using Ambidextrous Supply Chain Strategy
Authors: Yalcin Mehmet G. , Chakravorty Satya S. , Yun Gawon
Published: January 2019

This study explores the conceptual investigational foundations of how two existing concepts of supply chain exploitative practices and supply chain explorative practices together may further inform the balanced theory of port competitiveness (BTOPC). The defined and validated factors of the BTOPC are further investigated via the lens offered by ambidextrous supply chain strategy, which is defined and measured through the simultaneous practice of exploitative and explorative activities. The exploratory nature of this study aims to help academics to further the theory of port competitiveness and assist practitioners in improving port management. Eight in-person interviews with practitioner and academic port experts were conducted in addition to follow-up telephone conversations. This study finds that supply chain exploitative and explorative practices indeed offer a unique vantage view for assessing the port competitiveness when utilizing the BTOPC factors.
Cosmovisiones Maipure-Arawakas del Noroeste Amazónico: relaciones de oralidades y escritura desde la interculturalidad
Authors: González Ñáñez Omar
Published: January 2019

La cosmovisión que comparten los pueblos etnográfica y lingüísticamente clasificados como “Maipure-arawakos” (Venezuela) nos permitirá profundizar este conocimiento el cual hemos podido investigar y practicar a través de discursos orales manejados por chamanes y dueños de conocimientos y sus narrativas sobre el significado simbólico de los códigos  representados en su arte rupestre, especialmente en sus petroglifos sagrados.
Currency Options, Implied Interest Rates and Inflation Targeting
Authors: Keefe Helena G. , Rengifo Erick W.
Published: January 2019

The currency option price is a powerful tool used regularly to determine market expectations on volatility in currencies using the implied volatility measure. This research tests and analyzes whether similar inferences can be made regarding interest rate and inflation expectations. Using historical options data, we derive and analyze implied interest rates during non-inflation targeting (non-IT) and inflation targeting (IT) periods for Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. We compare the results to a control group of countries that had not yet adopted inflation targeting during the period under study: Germany, Japan and Switzerland. Our results show that options prices can provide insights on market expectations on interest rates, that the adoption of inflation targeting strengthens the relationship between market expectations and inflation, and that shocks in interest rates and inflation lead to higher implied interest rates. In determining the potential uses of implied interest rates derived from currency options prices, our goal is not to replace the Federal Funds futures or equivalent tools in advanced economies, rather to present the usefulness of currency options as a tool to provide information to policymakers in emerging market economies. Central banks, such as the Banco Central de Colombia and Banco de Mexico, have been using currency options as tools for foreign exchange intervention or reserve accumulation/decumulation since the early 2000’s, and options markets in these economies have grown rapidly since then. Therefore, establishing the usefulness of implied interest rate measures derived from currency options prices may provide insights to policymakers and practitioners alike.
Slimme handhaving in de sociale zekerheid
Authors: Hertogh Marc , Bantema Willem
Published: January 2019

Smart enforcement of social security law: Lessons from a national survey among welfare recipients in the Netherlands

Using survey data from 1,300 welfare recipients in the Netherlands, this paper explores the effects of different enforcement styles in the field of social security law. Although most policy debates focus on punitive and persuasive enforcement, our findings suggest that both styles only play a limited role in explaining regulatory compliance. Our study also shows that the level of compliance among welfare recipients is related to their ‘motivational postures’ (Braithwaite 2003; 2009; 2011). While some of these ‘postures’ are shaped by elements of procedural justice, others are related to the perceived legitimacy of laws or to instrumental motives. Given these findings, we suggest that compliance with social security laws may not only depend on punitive or persuasive enforcement, but also on the degree in which regulatory enforcement is attuned to the individual characteristics of welfare recipients. Finally, these ideas are translated into several practical suggestions for the ‘smart enforcement’ of social security law.
Voorbij de empathie – vriendelijkheid als effectiever instrument
Authors: Vliegenthart Arjan
Published: January 2019

Past empathy, kindness as a more effective instrument

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Mediacja cywilna w polskim i włoskim systemie prawnym –
próba porównania. Analiza pomysłu wprowadzenia obligatoryjnej mediacji
cywilnej w Polsce
Authors: Barabas Martyna
Published: January 2019

The publication focuses on regulating civil mediation in Polish and Italian legal system. The aim of the work is to contrast the model of voluntary mediation in Poland with obligatory mediations introduced in Italy. The study also presents the advantages of mediation as the best method of dispute resolution. The study analyzes attempts to encourage parties to participate in mediations that have been applied in the Polish Code of Civil Procedure. In addition, the purpose of the article is to analyze the possibility of introducing mandatory civil mediations in Poland.