bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Resistomes, Virulence Factors and Clonal Diversity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci Isolated from the Semen of Men Attending Infertility Clinic in Lagos
Authors: Enwuru Christian Azubike , Fowora Muinah Adenike , Enwuru Nkechi Veronica , Nwaokorie Francisca Obiageri , Iwalokun Bamidele Abiodun
Published: March 2024

Male factor infertility accounts for 40–60% of global couples suffering from infertility. Multiple antibacterial resistances have constituted a serious impediment against the effective eradication of non-specific bacteria etiology of male infertility; resistant genes are spread within and across bacterial species; producing progeny that are difficult to treat. This study, analyzed resistance genes, virulence factors, and clonal characteristics of E. coli and Staphylococci recovered from the semen of infertile men attending urology clinics in Lagos. A total of 16 E. coli and 48 Staphylococci isolated from 226 infertile men were found to be MDR and were suspected of harboring resistomes. Escherichia coli specific oligonucleotide primers were designed according to TEM, SHV, CTX-M-type and OXA β-lactamase, TEcoli (tuf), and bac DNA sequences, and Staphylococci Mec A, Fem A, ermA and others genes deposited in the GenBank were identified using PCR method. Clonal characteristics and biodiversity were determined by RAPD using oligonucleotides S30 5׳- GTGATCGCAG that had non-palindromic sequences. The DNA fingerprints of the isolates were compared for biodiversity by visual inspection of the band profiles. The gel images were digitalized and stored as TIFF. These files were converted, normalised, and analysed with GelWorks 1D software (version 3.00, UV products, England). DNA fingerprints detected by computer were carefully verified by visual examination to correct unsatisfactory detections. Genetic relationships were established by scoring the presence (1) or absence (0) of each RAPD polymorphic band. The percent of similarity between the strains was estimated by using the coefficient of Dice. Cluster analysis of similarity matrices was performed by UPGMA tool. The data were submitted to the computer programme to transform the polymorphic bands of the oligonucleotide into a dendrogram. Escherichia coli had a 25% prevalence of blaCTx-M gene and Staphylococci had 22.6% MecA and 12.9% FemA genes. Phylogenetically, E. coli had a narrow diversity of 2 main groups and 3 clusters from a single genetic origin, with > 50% similarity. Group 1 had a different genetic identity and required further sequencing as a local strain from Lagos. Staphylococci were more diverse as there were 6 main groups and 11 clusters with 10–90% similarity. Group 4 had a different genetic origin and requires further sequencing as a local strain. This study concludes the relatively high occurrence of the blaCTx-M gene among E. coli and MecA genes among Staphylococci and these calls for concern. The presence of non-typeable genotypes is novel and underscores the need for a national programme for bacterial typing.
Engineered Nanobodies With Programmable Target Antigen Proteolysis (Ptap) Fusions Regulate Intracellular Alpha-synuclein in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Kordower Jeffrey , Butler David , Chatterjee Diptaman , D'Brant Lianna , Hiller Benjamin , Marmion David , Sandoval Ivette , Luk Kelvin , Manfredsson Fredric , Messer Anne
Published: March 2024

Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and the formation of Lewy pathology (LP) is a foundational pathophysiological phenomenon in synucleinopathies. Delivering therapeutic single-chain and single-domain antibodies that bind pathogenic targets can disrupt intracellular aggregation. The fusion of antibody fragments to a negatively-charged proteasomal targeting motif (PEST) creates bifunctional constructs that enhance both solubility and turnover. With sequence-specific point mutations of PEST sequences that modulate proteasomal degradation efficiency, we report the creation of Programmable Target Antigen Proteolysis (PTAP) technology that can provide graded control over the levels of target antigens. We have previously demonstrated our lead anti-αSyn intrabody, VH14-PEST, is capable of reducing the pathological burden of synucleinopathy in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report a family of fully humanized VH14-PTAP constructs for controllable, therapeutic targeting of intracellular α-Syn. In cells, we demonstrate successful target engagement and efficacy of VH14-hPEST intrabodies, and validate proof-of-principle in human cells using 3D human organoids derived from PD-patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In two synuclein-based rat models, PTAP intrabodies attenuated nigral αSyn pathology, preserved nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone, and slowed the propagation of αSyn pathology. These data demonstrate the potency of intracellular αSyn targeting as a method to alleviate pathology and highlight the potential clinical utility of PTAP intrabodies.
Quantification of circadian rhythms in mammalian lung tissue snapshot data
Authors: Grabe Saskia , Ananthasubramaniam Bharath , Herzel Hanspeter
Published: March 2024

Healthy mammalian cells have a circadian clock, a gene regulatory network that allows them to schedule their physiological processes to optimal times of the day. When healthy cells turn into cancer cells, the circadian clock often becomes cancer specifically disturbed, so there is an interest in the extraction of circadian features from gene expression data of cancer. This is challenging, as clinical gene expression samples of cancer are snapshot-like and the circadian clock is best examined using gene expression time series. In this study, we obtained lists of intersecting circadian genes in public gene expression time series data of lung tissue of mouse and baboon. We base our circadian gene lists on correlations of gene expression levels of circadian genes, which are closely associated to the phase differences between them. Combining circadian gene expression patterns of diurnal and nocturnal species of different ages provides circadian genes that are also important in healthy and cancerous human lung tissue. We tested the quality of the representation of the circadian clock in our gene lists by PCA-based reconstructions of the circadian times of the mouse and baboon samples. Then we assigned potential circadian times to the human lung tissue samples and find an intact circadian clock in the healthy human lung tissue, but an altered, weak clock in the adjacent cancerous lung tissue.
Phytochemical composition, Antimicrobial, GC-MS analyses and computational modeling of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) Seeds
Authors: Almuzaini Nujud A. M. , Sulieman Abdel Moneim Elhadi , Alanazi Naimah A , Alanazi Naimah Mohamed
Published: March 2024

Saudi Arabia has several fragrant, decorative, and medicinal plants with strong bioactivity. The current work examines the metabolite profiling of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L) ethanol extract for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Additionally, a computer-supported study will determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of the recognized mixes. The moisture, fiber, ash, protein, fat, and carbs in fenugreek seed were 4%, 6.50%, 3.20%, 28.55%, 4%, and 62.48%, respectively. Fenugreek seed flour had physiochemical properties like other edible oils. Aspergillus flavus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium were examined for fenugreek seed flour inhibitory activity. Seed oil was found to be highly antibacterial against all tested microbes. Antimicrobial activity was strongest against E. coli, with a 20-mm inhibition zone. The highest antibacterial activity was 100% inhibition against Aspergillus flavus. The computational modeling reveals that fenugreek compounds bind the TyrRS from S. aureus, the human peroxiredoxin 5, and aspartic proteinase from C. albicans with high binding scores that reach − 9.4 kcal/mol and established promising molecular interactions with some key residues, that satisfactorily explain the in vitro results. According to the study, fenugreek seed is an important antibacterial and antifungal agent for food preservatives and medicine.
Evaluation of Geographic and Clinical Differences of Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients in Turkey Running Head: AKI cases in intensive care units in Turkey
Authors: Yegenaga Itır , Gursu Meltem , Tuglular Serhan , Dursun Belda , Bardak Simge , Dogukan Ayhan , Bek Sibel , Onan Engin , Altun Eda , Derici Ulver , Tonbul Halil Zeki
Published: March 2024

Background: This is a subgroup analysis of previously reported study. The aim of this study to evaluate the acute kidney injury cases in intensive care unit (AKI-ICU) if there are differences in etiology, clinical courses, treatment and outcome in the different part of the country.
Methods: This subgroup analysis was carried on by Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Turkish Society of Nephrology. Demographical and clinical data of AKI patients at the time of diagnosis, at the first week and first, third and sixth months were evaluated to determine patient and kidney survival and factors may be associated with prognosis.
Results: 126 AKI-ICU patient; 73 (57.9%) were men, the median age was 69 (IQR: 61.5– 79). Prerenal causes were more frequent (80%), namely dehydration, heart failure and sepsis.64.3% of patients had one renal etiology, nephrotoxin exposure being the most frequent (25%). 45,2% of patients needed kidney replacement therapy and 37,3% intermittant hemodialysis were performed. Continuous kidney replacement therapy were preferred only in the Marmara region. The regions were different significantly regarding the frequency and types of these treatments. At the sixth month of diagnosis, 17% of patients had complete, 19% had partial recovery, while end stage kidney disease ensued in 2% and 61% of patients died. Death rate was higher but not statistically significant in patients from south Anatolian Region.
Conclusions: The patients with dehydration, heart failure and sepsis and, nephrotoxin exposure should be alert. Being aware of the characteristics of AKI patients in their country would help to prevent developing AKI and treating better.
Assessment of a Dialysis Unit Compliance with the Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control Procedures in One of the Biggest Health Insurance Hospitals in Egypt
Authors: Fahim Samar Salah , Abdou Mamdouh Hanafy , Abdel-Atty Magda Mohamed , Hussein Mohamed Fakhry
Published: March 2024

Background:
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk of getting hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Effective environmental cleaning and disinfection measures are crucial to reduce the incidence of HAIs. Poor knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the healthcare workers towards infection control precautions could increase the rate of HAIs.
Objective:
The current study aimed to assess nurses' KAP regarding infection control measures in a dialysis unit and to evaluate the disinfection protocol effectiveness in the dialysis unit by assessing bacterial counts in the different environmental surfaces and machines.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the dialysis unit of one of the biggest health insurance hospitals in Egypt. An interview questionnaire and observational checklists were used to assess the KAP of nursing staff. Microbiological swabs were taken from the environment of the dialysis unit (before and after cleaning) to evaluate the disinfection effectiveness.
Results:
Twenty nurses agreed to participate in the research. The study revealed over 80% of the nurses had good knowledge (≥80.0% correct response), 85% had a positive attitude, 85% had fair practices, and only 5% had good practices. We found a significant positive correlation between nurses' attitudes and their years of experience. High bacterial counts were reported on the floors and doorknobs of the dialysis unit even after cleaning. The bacterial counts of the machines and nurse's counter reduced significantly after cleaning and disinfection (GM ± Log SD before cleaning and disinfection was 29.40±0.92 CFU/100 cm2 and 14.99±0.49 CFU/100 cm2 and after cleaning and disinfection became 23.83±0.94 CFU/100 cm2 and 8.68±0.10 CFU/100 cm2, respectively, (p<0.05)).
Conclusion:
Although most of the nurses in the study demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude toward environmental infection control precautions, their practices were not at the same level, so the bacterial counts were high on the floors and doorknobs regardless the cleaning process.
Exponentially Generalized Modified Weibull Distribution for the Skewed Dataset
Authors: Awopeju Kabiru Abidemi , Abiodun Alfred A.
Published: March 2024

Using the exponentiated approach and three-parameter Weibull distribution as a baseline function, a newly generalized distribution called the exponentially generalized modified Weibull distribution was formed. The distribution was shown to be a proper density function using one of the properties of a proper probability density function. The statistical properties of the distribution were studied, and graphs of its probability density and cumulative density functions were plotted using varying parameter values. The stability of the parameters in the distribution was shown using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The superiority of the distribution was shown using real life data. It was concluded that the exponentially generalized modified Weibull distribution can be adopted in modelling events involving distributions of its category.
Underrepresentation of older Indian persons with cancer in clinical trials
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay , Menon Nandini , Kolkur Manali , Peelay Zoya , Shah Minit , Mathrudev Vijayalakshmi , Shah Srushti , Nawale Kavita , Nair Nita S , Ramaswamy Anant , Ostwal Vikas , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Agarwal J P , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Chopra Supriya , Murthy Vedang , Myatra Sheila N , Divatia Jigeeshu , Gota Vikram , Gupta Sudeep , Chaudhari Vikram , Jiwnani Sabita , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Vaish Richa , Chaukar Devendra , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Nair Sudhir , D’Cruz Anil , Oak Amey , Hawaladar Rohini , Chowdhury Oindrila Roy , Banavali Shripad , Badwe Rajendra , Prabhash Kumar
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Older patients with cancer have traditionally been underrepresented in global clinical trials. There are no data from India regarding this issue.
Material and methods: A retrospective analysis done at our institute on interventional studies conducted between 2003 and 2023 in adult patients with malignancies. We excluded studies done exclusively in pediatric population, and observational studies.
Results: We included 21,894 patients enrolled in 150 interventional trials from the Departments of Surgical, Medical, and Radiation Oncology, Anesthesia, and Clinical Pharmacology; 110 (73.3%) were investigator-initiated. There were 38 trials (25.3%) in breast cancer (6141 patients, 28%), and 33 (22%) in head-and-neck cancer (6975 patients, 31.9%). Studies were predominantly Phase III (97 trials [64.7%]). Multicentric studies comprised approximately a third (48, 32%). The median age of enrolled patients was 51 years (IQR, 43-59). There were 5132 (23.4%) participants aged > 60 years, 2678 (12.2%) > 65 years, and 1045 (4.8%) >70 years. Data from the hospital registry revealed that 30% of adult registrations were > 60 years. There was a significant increase in the proportion of older patients enrolled in clinical trials from 2003 (8%) to 2019 (22%) compared to their proportion in the hospital registry (stable at 28-29%); P<0.001.
Conclusion: Older Indian adults with cancer are underrepresented in interventional clinical trials, however this has improved over time. Various factors that limit recruitment of this vulnerable cohort like age-specific eligibility criteria are immediately actionable to make clinical trials more inclusive.
Evaluating Future Climate Extremes in the Guwahati Region: An Analysis of Temperature-Based Indices
Authors: Tiwari Suraj , Kashyap Priyam
Published: March 2024

This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of climate models, assessing their ability to simulate climate indices and applying the Mann-Kendall test across different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The analysis identifies nuanced strengths and weaknesses in various models, with CanESM5 demonstrating overall accuracy, Earth3-veg excelling in Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR), and limitations observed in Fogals-G3 and Miroc6. MRI-ESM2-0 exhibits lower overall accuracy, emphasizing inherent variability in modeling. The complexity of climate modeling is evident as none of the models consistently replicates observed values across all variables. The evaluation of vulnerability indices under SSP 585 conditions highlights diverse model projections, especially in temperature extremes like TX10p, TX90p, and TN90p. Mann-Kendall test results reinforce model-specific trends under different SSPs, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation. Ongoing refinement is crucial for improved accuracy, stressing the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of model-specific outcomes to assess potential climate impacts under different scenarios. Furthermore, a dedicated examination of the Guwahati region focuses on temperature-based indices from 2015 to 2050, utilizing GCMs, downscaling models, and the Mann-Kendall test. This region-specific analysis, vital for water resource management and disaster preparedness, anticipates a rise in temperature and temperature indices, providing valuable insights for local planning and environmental protection.
Evaluation of Iraq’s National Plan to Control Hepatitis B Virus: Identifying Gaps and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Jalal Mohammed A. , Etemad Koorosh , Karami Manoochehr , Namdari Mahshid , Al-lami Faris H. , Taher Taqi Mohammed Jwad
Published: March 2024

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern in Iraq, necessitating a comprehensive study to understand the temporal and demographic patterns of incidence rates. This study explored gender disparities, regional variations across governorates, and age-related incidence rates from 2015 to 2022. Additionally, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the national HBV control plan, focusing on vaccination coverage, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, blood safety, diagnosis, and treatment.
Methods
This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design to analyze the descriptive epidemiology profile of HBV in Iraq. National-level data from 2015 to 2022 for different governorates are examined. The evaluation phase specifically focused on the Wasit governorate, which includes 24 primary health care centers (PHCCs) representing 50% of the total centers. Statistical tests, including t tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests, were conducted using SPSS and Excel to identify significant patterns in the data.
Results
The incidence of HBV decreased from 8.3 per 100,000 people in 2015 to 3.5 per 100,000 people in 2022. Gender disparities consistently indicated higher rates among males, while significant variations were observed among the governorates. Age-related analysis revealed the highest incidence rates in individuals aged 15–45 and over 45 years. The national plan successfully achieved high vaccination coverage but faced challenges in preventing mother-to-child transmission and diagnosing viral hepatitis B. The evaluation scores for PHCCs varied, with 88% falling within the acceptable range.
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of HBV in Iraq, highlighting declining incidence rates and significant demographic variations. Although there has been success in vaccination coverage, challenges persist in preventing mother-to-child transmission and achieving viral hepatitis B diagnosis targets. The evaluation of PHCCs indicates areas for improvement in healthcare service delivery. These findings offer valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy adjustments, ultimately aiding in effectively controlling and preventing hepatitis B in Iraq.
Research on 3D-Printed FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 Biphasic Scaffolds with Sequential Delivery of FGF2 and BMP9 in Promoting Periodontal Ligament Cells’ Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Hou Yepo , Li Yuxian , Xiao Chan , Xu Meiyu , Zhao Guangye , Shu Qun , Yang Hui , Wang Chunfeng
Published: March 2024

Traditional periodontal therapy primarily controls the progression of chronic periodontitis but falls short of fully regenerating periodontal tissues. Selecting suitable seed cells, growth factors, and ideal scaffold materials is crucial for maximizing periodontal tissue regeneration, a key factor in the success of periodontal tissue repair. This study involved constructing FGF2 chitosan nanospheres (single-shell packaging) and BMP9 chitosan nanospheres hydrogel (double-shell packaging) via an ion crosslinking method. By examining the surface morphology, particle diameter, drug loading rate, and encapsulation efficiency of these nanospheres, it was confirmed that they satisfy the criteria for nanomaterial sustained release carriers. Additionally, they effectively manage the initial "burst release" by enabling the controlled and gradual release of FGF2 and BMP9 over a specific period. The FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 biphasic scaffold, developed using 3D printing technology in conjunction with the aforementioned nanospheres, was assessed for biomechanical properties and absorbance metrics such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus. The scaffold's cell adhesion and proliferation were evaluated using the MTT assay, while genes associated with fibroblast differentiation (SCX, Col-I) and osteogenic differentiation (Runx-2, ALP) were analyzed through qRT-PCR. The findings confirm that the 3D-printed FGF2-PLGA/PLGA-nHA-BMP9 biphasic scaffold possesses excellent biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. It effectively orchestrates the sequential release of FGF2 and BMP9 in distinct scaffold phases, synergistically enhancing periodontal tissue regeneration and maximizing the biological activity of FGF2 and BMP9.
Association of peripheral eosinophil count with chronic kidney disease progression risk: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ren Yan , Zhang Jinshi , Hu Xiao , Yu Rizhen , Tu Qiudi , Li Yiwen , Lin Bo , Zhu Bin , Shao Lina , Wang Minmin
Published: March 2024

Background: Eosinophilia is common in renal diseases; however, the role of peripheral eosinophils in chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires further evaluation. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether an eosinophil count increase is related to the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Methods: This single-center, observational, retrospective study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2018 in Hangzhou, China. The study included 3163 patients, categorized into four groups according to peripheral eosinophil count (PEC) quartile values (Q1 PEC, ≤0.0625×109/L; Q2, 0.0625–0.1223×109/L; Q3, 0.1224–0.212×109/L; Q4, ≥0.212×109/L). The main outcome was ESRD development during follow-up. We evaluated the relationship between serum eosinophil count, demographic and clinical information, and ESRD incidence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between the PEC and risk of progression to ESRD. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared between Q1 and Q4 PECs using the log-rank test.
Results: A total of 3163 patients with CKD were included in this cohort, of whom 1254 (39.6%) were female individuals and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 75 [64, 85] years and the median (IQR) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 55.16 [45.19, 61.19] mL/min/1.73 m2. The median PEC was 0.1224×109/L (IQR, 0.0625–0.212). Among the 3163 patients with CKD, 273 (8.6%) developed ESRD during a median follow-up time of 443.8 [238.8, 764.9] days. Individuals in the highest PEC quartile had a 66.2% higher ESRD risk than those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 1.662; 95% confidence interval, 1.165–2.372). The results from the Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed the conclusion.
Conclusions: Alongside traditional risk factors, patients with CKD and an elevated PEC are more likely to develop ESRD. Therefore, more attention should be paid to those patients with CKD who have a high PEC.
In situ evaluation of a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, and sodium trimetaphosphate on dental enamel demineralization and biofilm variables
Authors: Gonçalves Francyenne Maira Castro , de Almeida Eduarda Martins Fontes Cantarella , Hannig Christian , Quinteiro Julia Paião , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Cannon Mark Lloyd , Danelon Marcelle
Published: March 2024

Objectives
This in situ study aimed to evaluate a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride (F), casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on the process of dental demineralization and biofilm composition.
Materials and Methods
This crossover double-blind study consisted of five phases, in which 10 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing four bovine enamel specimens. The cariogenic challenge was performed using 30% sucrose solution. Blocks were treated 3x/day with the following toothpastes: 1) Placebo (No F-TMP-CPP-ACP), 2) 1100 ppm F (1100F), 3) 1100F + 3%TMP (1100F-TMP), 4) 1100F + 10%CPP-ACP (1100F-CPP-ACP) and 5) 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP. After 7 days, the percentage loss of surface hardness (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), F, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentration in the enamel was determined. The concentration of F, Ca, P and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in the biofilm were analyzed.
Results
The addition of CPP-ACP-TMP to 1100F reduced %SH by 42% and 39% when compared to the 1100F and 1100F-CPP-ACP (p < 0.001); in addition, to a reduction in lesion body (ΔKHN) by 36% for the same treatments. The treatment with 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP led to a significant increase in the concentration of F, P and Ca in the enamel and biofilm, and reduced the concentration of EPS (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Toothpaste formulation containing 1100F-CPP-ACP-TMP provided a greater protective effect against tooth enamel demineralization and significantly influenced the composition of the in situ biofilm.
Clinical Relevance: These results are promising and provide valuable insights for the design of further clinical trials.
Catalytic Dehydration of Lactic Acid to Acrylic Acid over Phosphorus Promoted and Alkali Modified ZSM-5
Authors: Syeitkhajy Ainur , Boz Ismail , Boroglu Mehtap Safak
Published: March 2024

We have developed a selective and active catalyst for sustainable industrial production of acrylic acid (AA) from lactic acid (LA). The phosphorus-promoted and alkali-modified ZSM-5/P-Na catalyst exhibited the best performance, achieving 83% AA selectivity and 98% LA conversion. We have successfully demonstrated that the acid-base properties of the zeolite can be easily modified by adding a promoter during synthesis. To elucidate the structural and acid-base properties of the ZSM-5/P-Na catalyst, comprehensive analytical techniques were employed, including XRD, BET, FT-IR, ICP-MS, TGA, NH₃, and CO₂-TPD. It was found that the distribution of aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, and sodium species in the catalyst structure significantly affected its acid-base properties. Additionally, the alkaline treatment method used in this study caused desilication in the ZSM-5 zeolite structure. Desilication enhanced weak and medium acidity of the phosphorus-promoted ZSM-5 zeolite, while a high alkali concentration promoted mesopore formation. The results showed that the ZSM-5/P-Na exhibited not only higher selectivity and LA conversion but also a longer catalytic lifetime (50 hours) in the LA to AA reaction. Finally, an experimental design of the catalyst was developed to understand the optimal values of the important operational variables in the LA dehydration reaction.
Transition between cardiometabolic conditions and body weight among women: which paths increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases?
Authors: Baneshi Mohammad , Dobson Annette , Mishra Gita
Published: March 2024

Previous studies investigated the association of body weight and hypertension with risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Our aim was to estimate the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life for subjects with different progression patterns of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in mid-life. Using data from 12 784 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, a multistate model was used to study the progression pattern of multiple conditions over the life course: overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The cumulative incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease up to the age of 73 was estimated for women with different patterns of other conditions. The six most common paths and corresponding cumulative incidences for diabetes were overweight 5.1%, obesity 11.5%, hypertension 6.9%, progression from overweight to obesity 8.2%, overweight and hypertension 12.1%, and obesity and hypertension 36.8%. For women with diabetes and other conditions, the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease (heart disease or stroke) as the next immediate condition was 22.4%. The corresponding figure for women who only had a report of diabetes but did not have high body weight or hypertension was 8.3%. The higher risk of transition from healthy state to a cardiometabolic condition was associated with low education, income stress, smoking, not drinking alcohol (compared to low drinkers), physical inactivity, and high perceived stress. Women with obesity and hypertension in middle-age had a substantially higher risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease than women without these potentially preventable conditions.
Fluorescent enhancement of CNDs from Cinnamon bark with L-Arginine doping for Yeast cell Imaging
Authors: Lad Urvi M. , Dave Dhruti J. , Desai Bhumi N. , Suthar Devesh H. , Modi Chetan K.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we present an economical and efficient synthesis method for carbon nanodots (CNDs) derived from cinnamon bark wood powder, supplemented with L-arginine doping at varying ratios. Extensive structural and optical characterization was conducted through techniques such as FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, DLS, UV-Vis, and PL spectra, providing a comprehensive understanding of their properties. Quantum yields (QY) were quantified for all three samples, contributing to the assessment of their fluorescence efficiency. The synthesized CNDs were successfully applied for bioimaging of yeast cells, employing fluorescence microscopy to visualize their interaction. Remarkably, L-arginine-doped CNDs exhibited enhanced fluorescence, particularly at a higher doping ratio (1:0.50), showcasing the influence of the dopant. The non-toxic nature of these CNDs was rigorously investigated, confirming their biocompatibility. This work not only contributes to the synthesis and characterization of CNDs but also highlights their potential for diverse applications, emphasizing their structural, optical, and biological attributes. The findings underscore the versatility of CNDs derived from cinnamon bark wood powder and their potential in advancing biotechnological and imaging applications.
Prostatic abscess complicated with endogenous endophthalmitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yuan Xingchen , Wang Yongchuan , Zhu Zhenliu , Du Jing , Wang Kai , Ren Zijun , Bi Yuxing , Ren Anji , Zhou Haijun , Yu Zhiyong
Published: March 2024

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of prostatic abscess and provide diagnostic and therapeutic references for clinical practice.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data from a patient treated at our institution for a prostatic abscess complicated by endogenous endophthalmitis was performed. The relevant literature concerning prostatic abscesses and endogenous endophthalmitis was reviewed and synthesized.
Results: The patient, who was consistently administered sensitive antibiotic therapy, achieved successful resolution of a prostatic abscess through transurethral incision and drainage. However, despite receiving a series of treatments including pars plana vitrectomy, lensectomy, and multiple vitreous injections, the patient experienced irreversible loss of vision in the left eye as a consequence of endogenous endophthalmitis.
Conclusion: Prostate abscess in the early stage presents with nonspecific clinical symptoms. Clear diagnosis can be achieved through transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）, which are of great value. Treatment should be selected based on the local characteristics of the abscess and the overall condition of the patient. For patients with ineffective conservative treatment, timely surgical intervention is necessary. Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by prostate abscess manifests early with a lack of specificity and poor prognosis. Systemic susceptibility factors are the main pathogenic factors for endogenous endophthalmitis. Timely and effective intravitreal antibiotic injection and combined vitrectomy surgery can maximize the preservation of visual function.
Increased adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines by community health workers in Kano State, Nigeria through use of a clinical decision support (CDS) platform
Authors: McLaughlin Megan , Metiboba Loveth , Giwa Aisha , Femi-Ojo Olufunke , Ravi Nirmal , Mahmoud Nasir Mamoud , Mount-Finette Ezra , Langle-Chimal Ollin , Abbas Dina , Finette Barry
Published: March 2024

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines established in 1992 to decrease preventable under-five child morbidity and mortality, was adopted by Nigeria in 1997. Over 20 years later, while under-five child mortality remains high,6 less than 25% of first level facilities have trained 60% of community health workers (CHW) who care for sick children with IMCI.4 This study investigated the impact in CHWs overall adherence to IMCI guidelines, particularly for critical danger signs, as well as usability and feasible following the implementation of THINKMD’s IMCI-based digital clinical decision support (CDS) platform.
Methods: Adherence to IMCI guidelines was assessed by observational and digital data acquisition of key IMCI clinical data points by 28 CHWs, prior, during, and post CDS platform implementation. Change in IMCI adherence was determined for individual CHW and for the cohort by analyzing the number of IMCI data points acquired by each CHW per clinical evaluation. Consistency of adherence was also calculated by averaging the percent of total evaluations each data point was observed. Usability and acceptability surveys were administered following use of the CDS platform.
Results: THINKMD CDS platform implementation notably enhanced the CHWs’ ability to capture key IMCI clinical data elements. We observed a significant increase in the mean percentage of data points captured between the baseline period and during the CDS technology implementation (T-test, t = -31.399, p < 0.016, Holm-Bonferroni correction, two-sided), with the mean values going from 30.7% to 72.4%. Notably, even after the completion of the technology implementation phase, the mean percentage of IMCI elements captured by CHWs remained significantly elevated compared to the baseline, with a 26.72 percentage point increase (from 30.7% to 57.4%, T-test, t = -15.779, p < 0.05, Holm-Bonferroni correction, two-sided). Usability and feasibility of the platform was high. CHWs reported that the CDS platform was easy to learn and use (93%) and enabled them to identify sick children (100%).
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that utilization of a digital clinical decision support tool such as THINKMD’s IMCI based CDS platform can significantly increase CHW adherence to IMCI guidelines over paper-based utilization, increase clinical quality and capacity, and improve identification of key danger signs for under-five children while being highly accepted and adopted.
Association between asthma and melanoma: Results from the NHANES 2009-2016 and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tan Jun , Huang Xuanran , Dong Yan , Li Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To investigate the phenotypic and genetic associations between asthma and melanoma.
Methods:
Initially, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2009 to 2016. In the survey, individuals answering "Yes" to "Ever been told you have asthma?" were categorized as asthma patients, while those answering "yes" to "Ever told you had cancer or malignancy?" and specifying "melanoma" were defined as melanoma patients. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the observed association between asthma and melanoma risk. Subsequently, the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, a novel method minimizing bias and establishing causal relationships, was utilized asthma dataincluding childhood-onset (347,481 controls and 46,802 cases), adult-onset (347,481 controls and 9,676 cases), and overall onset (347,481 controls and 22,296 cases) were retrieved from GWAS databases, alongside melanoma data (32697 samples) obtained from the FinnGen. Two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between asthma and melanoma, with the Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method as the primary data analysis approach.
Results:
The observational study encompassed a total of 23,218 participants, including 129 melanoma patients. In the unadjusted multivariate logistic regression model, asthma was associated with a reduced risk of melanoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.404, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.188-0.869, P=0.023). Similar results were observed after adjusting for gender, age, race, and education level (OR = 0.439, 95% CI = 0.209-0.922, P=0.034). However, further adjustments for variables such as BMI, poverty to income ratio, diabetes, alcohol use, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and skin reaction to sun after non-exposure, outdoor time did not yield statistically significant results (OR = 0.675, 95% CI = 0.205-2.223, P=0.522). Mendelian analysis also failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between asthma and melanoma risk.
Conclusion:
While there may be an association between asthma and a reduced risk of melanoma, no causal relationship exists between the two. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to corroborate our findings.
Temporal evolution of antimicrobial resistance: insights from a decade-long surveillance of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain)
Authors: Fortuny Jordi Sevilla , Aguilar Pilar Ausina , Vidal Maria Elena , González-Candelas Fernando , García-González Neris
Published: March 2024

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a highly prevalent antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogen in healthcare-settings worldwide, especially third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) and carbapenem-resistant strains. In the Comunitat Valenciana, Spain, these strains are a growing concern due to their increasing prevalence and limited treatment options. Fortunately, the Comunitat Valenciana has a well-established microbiological surveillance system, called RedMIVA, that gathers all tests performed at microbiology laboratories across the region, providing invaluable data for understanding resistance epidemiology.
Methods
We analyzed all K. pneumoniae test results from the RedMIVA between 2010 and 2022. We curated the susceptibility profiles, identified the total episodes attributable to C3G or carbapenem-resistant strains, and compared their relative abundance across time and hospitals. Additionally, we evaluated potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of resistant strains.
Results
Among the 131,159 identified cases, 23.7% were attributable to 3GC, or carbapenem-resistant isolates. 3GC-resistance was already prevalent (~ 12%) in the region at the start of the study (2010), whereas carbapenem-resistance emerged in 2016, with both showing differences in prevalence among hospitals. Notably, the initial rise of carbapenem resistance occurred in large hospitals, but by 2020, cases started to rise in smaller healthcare settings. Finally, we found that the elderly and male gender were risk factors for developing resistant infections, and that such episodes were associated with a higher hospitalization rate in the region.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the power of comprehensive surveillance data to unravel the dynamics of AMR pathogens regionally. Our findings describe the overall prevalence of 3GC- and carbapenem resistant rates regionally and in each hospital, enhancing the development of effective control strategies. Notably, we describe the concerning spread of carbapenem resistance from larger hospitals to smaller settings. This critical finding highlights the urgent need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms behind this shift and develop effective strategies to prevent community transmission.
Long-term need and potential for withdrawal of enteral feeding in children with chronic kidney disease stage 5
Authors: Osaka Kei , Nishi Kentaro , Inoki Yuta , Okada Satoshi , Kaneda Tomoya , Akiyama Misaki , Sato Mai , Ogura Masao , Kamei Koichi
Published: March 2024

Background
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 may require long-term enteral tube feeding. However, the factors associated with the need for tube feeding and the potential for its withdrawal are unclear.
Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2004 and 2021 and included patients with CKD stage 5 aged < 18 years. We evaluated data on the initiation of enteral tube feeding and its associated factors, the potential and timing of the withdrawal of enteral tube feeding, and improvements in feeding difficulties before and after kidney transplantation.
Results
Of the 58 study participants, 33 (57%) received enteral tube feeding for more than 1 month. After adjusting for males and major congenital complications, logistic regression analyses identified a younger age at the initiation of kidney replacement therapy as a factor associated with the need for enteral tube feeding (odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.28‒2.56, P < 0.001). During the study period, enteral tube feeding was withdrawn from 24 of the 33 (73%) children (withdrawal rates: 2 years, 26%; 3 years, 50%; and 5 years, 66%). Of the nine patients in whom enteral tube feeding was not withdrawn before kidney transplantation, six underwent withdrawal at 0.1, 0.1, 1.1, 1.6, 2.9, and 3.3 years after kidney transplantation, respectively. The remaining three patients continued enteral tube feeding after kidney transplantation and are still under observation.
Conclusions
Although withdrawal from enteral nutrition is difficult in children with CKD stage 5, it may be possible with kidney transplantation or over time.
Trial registration:
Not applicable
Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network for Surveillance and Security Information Gathering using Computer Vision and Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Apeh Simon Tooswem , Ajao Lukman Adewale , Nyitamen Dominic S. , Robbinson Ciroma L. , Wamdeo Edeh
Published: March 2024

The use of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for gathering security information about terrorism patterns in war zones renders a wide range of advantages. Which reduces huge personnel fatalities, minimizing attendant personnel, and maintenance costs. As well as improving the efficiency of the sophisticated machinery that is more resilient than humans at the front line through autonomous surveillance. However, this research aims to develop an intelligent wireless sensing system (IWSS) for autonomous surveillance, firearm detection, and defense systems at the front line through the deployment of intelligent wireless sensor nodes. This prototypical model of the autonomous defense and surveillance system involves several sensors and intelligent cameras. These all are integrated into the ARM Cortex A53 processor for data collection, and image processing using the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Histogram of Gradient (HOG), and Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) algorithms of the computer vision algorithm. The surveillance video clips/imagery extracted have experimented with the YOLOv3 model for object training, detection, and classification using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The result obtained for the detection accuracy of humans in possession of the weapon is 100%, with a processing time of 0.875 seconds. Also, the deployment of the multi-agent sensing prototype for the autonomous surveillance system is implemented and simulated in a spanning tree network testbed model. The average detection accuracy results obtained are 94.85%, 95.10%, 96.58%, 93.57%, 95.26%, and 97.17% respectively.
Screening diagnostic markers for diabetic kidney disease based on the renal tubule transcriptome and exosome proteomics
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Lin Dengmei , Cheng Guo , Li Jun
Published: March 2024

The commonly used clinical diagnostic indicators of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) include urinary microalbumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate, which have controversial sensitivities and specificities. Therefore, it is essential to identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of DKD. Exosome data can be obtained by extracting, separating, and purifying renal tubular exosomes, followed by proteomic analysis. The renal tubular transcriptome dataset GSE30122 was searched and screened using the GEO database. Twenty-two intersection targets were obtained by the intersection of the two. GO enrichment analysis was performed for intersection targets through the clusterProfiler package in R language. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using the KEGG database. Biological process (BP) analysis revealed that intersection targets participated in renal system development. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the intersection targets of these genes were involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Nine key targets were identified by constructing a random forest (RF) model, support vector machine (SVM) model, and generalized linear model (GLM) using the R language. An ROC curve was constructed to screen three key targets (CFH, COL4A1, and ANXA2) with an AUC > 0.9 as biomarkers for DKD diagnosis. Then, the three potential targets were subjected to differential expression analysis and clinical correlation verification (eGFR, proteinuria, and serum creatinine), which indicated that CFH, COL4A1, and ANXA2 were differentially expressed and clinically related. Western blot analysis also verified that compared with those in the normal group, the protein expression of CFH, COL4A1, and ANXA2 in the DKD group was upregulated (P < 0.05). Initially, the current study screened three potential diagnostic targets using proteomic and transcriptional analysis of renal tubular exosomes, providing clues for discovering new DKD biomarkers.
TK1 promotes tumour proliferation in bladder cancer via the TK1/TFDP1/β-catenin axis
Authors: Shi Kai , Xu Huixin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Qikai , Lin Mingliang , Guan Xinping , Liang Yongqiang , Wang Jinqing , Guo Zhaoxin , Li Kewei
Published: March 2024

Developing a simple and effective diagnostic method for the early diagnosis of bladder cancers of great significance. Our study aimed to verify the molecular mechanism of TK1 in bladder cancer and explore its potential value as a molecular marker. TK1 expression in bladder cancer tissues was analysed using bioinformatic analysis. We also performed western blotting and immunohistochemistry to further detect TK1 expression. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry analysis and subcutaneous xenograft mouse models were used to verify the role of TK1 in bladder cancer. A co-IP assay was conducted to explore the interaction between TK1 and TFDP1 in bladder cancer. TK1 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues. We found that TK1 overexpression significantly promoted DNA replication and cell proliferation by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. TK1 regulates TFDP1 expression by directly interacting with TFDP1. TK1 regulated the Wnt pathway through the TK1/TFDP1/β-catenin axis in bladder cancer. Our study revealed that TK1 plays a critical role in bladder cancer and provides novel insights into bladder cancer treatment.