bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Allergic Diseases: To Make a Case for Aeroallergen
Authors: Loo Evelyn Xiu Ling , Wang De Yun , Siah Kewin Tien Ho
Published: November 2019

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease and the most common cause of prolonged abdominal pain and bowel disturbances in the developed world. While initially thought to be functional or psychosomatic in nature, IBS is now recognized as a heterogeneous group of conditions. A subset of IBS patients and patients with allergic diseases share some characteristic inflammatory features. In fact, atopic children show an increased likelihood of developing IBS as adults. Given these findings, a subset of IBS may be suffering from allergy-related gut diseases. In this review, we present the allergy-related comorbidities of IBS, including genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. We discuss studies demonstrating an increased sensitization of IBS patients to aeroallergens compared to food allergens. We then postulate potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both IBS and aeroallergens in the gut, followed by potential implications in the screening and treatment of allergies in IBS patients.
Dyslipidemia and Intraperitoneal Inflammation Axis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Stepanova Natalia , Driianska Victoria , Savchenko Svitlana
Published: November 2019

Background: We have hypothesized that the problem of dyslipidemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients lies beyond certain levels of plasma lipoprotein and involves cardiovascular risk, but can also influence the development of chronic intraperitoneal inflammation. Objectives: The aim of our work was to define whether the association of dyslipidemia with intraperitoneal inflammation really exists and if it could it be used in a prospective cohort of PD patients. Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, single-center, pilot study involving 40 nondiabetic PD patients (27 men and 13 women with an average age of 49.3 ± 12.2 years). The median time on PD was 29 (18.5–37) months. The parameters dialysis adequacy, blood lipid profile, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and interleukin (IL)-10 in peritoneal dialysate effluent (PDE) were determined. Cohen’s d effect size was computed post hoc to determine the differences between groups in the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Results: PD patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of MCP-1 compared with dyslipidemia-free patients (Cohen’s d = 1.32). A reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with a high intraperitoneal production of the proinflammatory mediator TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p < 0.0001). Atherogenic index of plasma was directly correlated with MCP-1 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, MCP-1 appeared to predict PD inadequacy (R2 = 0.58; F ratio = 9.4; p = 0.006) independently of age and blood C-reactive protein level. Effect size was 1.38 with α = 0.05, n = 40, and 3 predictors. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional pilot study first demonstrated a close interaction between the atherogenic lipid profile and a high concentration of MCP-1 in PDE; this might be a prognostic marker for PD inadequacy. The potential significance of our finding is that it provides useful preliminary information necessary for further research into this area.
Lidocaine Reversible Inactivation of the Central Nucleus of Amygdala Impairs Acquisition, Consolidation, and Retrieval of Morphine State-Dependent Learning in Rat
Authors: Noorbakhshnia Maryam , Rahmani-Samani Parastoo , Eivani Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims: Morphine causes state-dependent learning that its mechanism and brain-related structures are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine whether lidocaine reversible inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) could affect acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of morphine state-dependent learning. Methods: One hundred twenty male Wistar rats were allocated into 15 experimental groups. Subcutaneous administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) induced morphine state-dependent learning. Intra-CeA injection of Lidocaine hydrochloride was performed 5 min before each morphine session for transient inactivation of the CeA. The step-through latency and the time spent in the dark compartment were measured using passive avoidance learning task. Results: Our results showed that pretraining, posttraining, and pretest inhibition of the CeA severely impaired acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of morphine state-dependent learning. Conclusion: These data revealed the involvement of the CeA in different stages of memory and morphine state-dependent learning.
Advanced Invasive Extramammary Paget’s Disease Concomitant with Cecal Cancer Possessing Rare Variant of TP53 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Authors: Kambayashi Yumi , Fujimura Taku , Ohuchi Kentaro , Tono Hisayuki , Ishida Yoshihiro , Otsuka Atsushi , Aiba Setsuya
Published: November 2019

Patients with invasive extramammary Paget’s disease have an increased risk of secondary malignancy, mostly occurring colorectal carcinoma. TP53 is a regulator of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage response pathways, and has been reported as one of the genetic biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma. In this report, we describe a case of advanced invasive EMPD concomitant with cecal cancer with a rare variant of TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs121912665). To our knowledge, there is no English report that presents EMPD concomitant with cecal carcinoma.
Фактори ризику неспроможності колоректальних анастомозів при обтураційній непрохідності (огляд літератури)
Authors: Hrytsenko S. I.
Published: November 2019

Неспроможність швів анастомозу (НША) являється фатальним ускладненням обтураційної товстокишкової непрохідності та є однією з найголовніших проблем ургентної хірургії. Частота виникнення НША має поліетіологічну природу та залежить від рівня й умов його накладання. Неспроможність швів анастомозу є більш вірогідна після виконання передньої резекції прямої кишки, ніж при резекції ободової кишки. Загальними факторами ризику НША є системні порушення макроорганізму, які здатні порушити перебіг репаративних процесів в області анастомозу. Адекватне кровопостачання зони анастомозу служить обов’язковою та першочерговою умовою накладання анастомозу, при порушенні місцевого кровообігу можливе виникнення ішемічного некрозу кишки, порушення кровообігу в зоні анастомозу являється основним патогенетичним фактором виникнення НША. Одним із найбільш прогностично несприятливих факторів у лікуванні пацієнтів із НША є питання антибіотикорезистентності, котра в даної категорії пацієнтів різко зростає.
Хірургічна тактика при поєднаному стенотично-оклюзивному ураженні екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнової зони
Authors: Wenger I. K. , Kolotylo O. B. , Kostiv S. Ya. , Gerasimyuk N. I. , Kachmar V. Y.
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи: попередити розвиток неврологічних ускладнень при хірургічному лікуванні поєднаного атеросклеротичного ураження екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнової зони.

Матеріали і методи. Обстежено та прооперовано 133 пацієнти із поєднаним стенотично-оклюзивним ураженням екстракраніальних артерій (ЕКА) та аорто/клубово-стегнового сегмента (АКСС). У 102 пацієнтів діагностовано різні варіанти атеросклеротичної оклюзії АКСС. Проблемна нижня кінцівка у вказаної групи пацієнтів у 64 спостереженнях характеризувалась ІІІБ-ІV ст. хронічної критичної ішемії нижньої кінцівки (ХКІНК), у 33 – ІІІА ст., у 7 – ІІБ ст. хронічної артеріальної недостатності (ХАН) (за класифікацією Fontaine R. з врахуванням критеріїв Європейської робочої групи 1992), контрлатеральна нижня кінцівка – ІІБ ст. ХАН. У 29 пацієнтів діагностовано різні варіанти атеросклеротичної оклюзії клубово-стегнового артеріального русла. Нижня кінцівка із оклюзією клубово-стегнового сегмента у 15 спостереженнях характеризувалась ІІБ ст. ХАН, у 16 – ІІІА ст. ХАН, контрлатеральна нижня кінцівка – ІІА ст. ХАН.

У 133 пацієнтів діагностовано оклюзійно-стенотичний процес ЕКА. Ізольоване ураження внутрішньої стегнової артерії (ВСА) діагностовано у 94 спостереженнях, зовнішньої стегнової артерії (ЗСА) – у 25 хворих. У 81 хворого воно поєднувалось із стенотичним процесом на рівні 22–34 % контрлатеральної ВСА. Поширений оклюзивно-стенотичний процес у БЦС та біфуркація ЗСА і ВСА – діагностовано в 12 спостереженнях. У двох пацієнтів стеноз біфуркации ЗСА поєднувався із оклюзією ПкА. У 51 (38,4 %) встановлено компенсовану стадію недостатності мозкового кровообігу, у 82 (61,7 %) спостереженнях – стадію відносної компенсації.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При проведенні реконструктивно-відновних операцій при поєднаному оклюзивно-стенотичному ураженні ЕКА та А/КСС застосували хірургічну тактику, при якій здійснюється одномоментне хірургічне втручання на обох артеріальних зонах із врахуванням домінуючого ураження одного із артеріальних басейнів та можливої післяопераційної трансформації центральної гемодинаміки.

При проведенні реконструктивно-відновних операцій при поєднаному оклюзивно-стенозуючому ураженні ЕКА та А/КСС ранній післяопераційний період характеризувався розвитком транзиторної ішемічної атаки (ТІА) у 12 (9,2 %) спостереженнях, порушенням ритму і провідності серцевого м’яза – у 10 (7,5 %) спостереженнях, минущою нирковою недостатністю – у 11 (8,3 %) спостереженнях та інтерстиціальним набряком легень – у 2 (1,5 %).
Токсичність МАРК у карциномах щитоподібної залози. Механізми пригнічення сигнального каскаду (огляд літератури та власних даних)
Authors: Guda B. B. , Pushkarev V. V. , Kovzun O. I. , Pushkarev V. P. , Tronko M. D.
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи: дослідження в пухлинах щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) активності та експресії головної ефекторної протеїнкінази каскаду – ERK1/2.

Отримано переконливі докази того, що сигнальний каскад Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (МАРК) сприяє проліферації і злоякісній трансформації клітин шляхом стимуляції клітинного росту і ділення, а також пригнічення апоптозу. Мітогенний МАРК-каскад пов’язує сигнали факторів росту на рецепторах клітинної поверхні з транскрипційними факторами АР-1, NF-κB, Ets, що приводить до індукції с-Fos, цикліну D1 і с-Мус. Ці фактори регулюють експресію генів, що контролюють виживання, ангіогенез, ріст, проліферацію і мобільність клітин. Однак гіперактивність цього каскаду в пухлинних тканинах може привести до сенесценції, затримки росту, апоптозу або посилення автофагії. Цей феномен назвали “токсичністю онкогенів”.
Успішне хірургічне лікування пацієнта з аорто-кавальною норицею на фоні розшаровуючої інфраренальної аневризми черевного відділу аорти без гемотрансфузії (огляд літератури та опис клінічного випадку)
Authors: Ivachevskiy M. M. , Ivachevskaya V. V. , Pysarenko I. V.
Published: November 2019

Розшарування аневризми черевної аорти в нижню порожнисту вену – рідкісне і дуже тяжке ускладнення, зустрічається приблизно в 1 % випадків розривів аневризми. Певна група пацієнтів відмовляється від переливання крові та її компонентів, як правило, на основі релігійних переконань і віри. Такі обмеження ускладнюють роботу як анестезіологів, так і хірургів, особливо під час операційних втручань, які супроводжуються значною крововтратою. Автоматизовані системи для реінфузії відмитих еритроцитів, засновані на технології Cell Saver, дозволяють збирати кров безпосередньо з операційної рани в стерильну ємність із фільтром за допомогою вакуумного відсмоктування, і в подальшому повертати пацієнту. Даний метод можна вважати альтернативою використання донорської крові.
Long-Term Trends in Stroke Survivors Discharged to Care Homes
Authors: Clery Amanda , Bhalla Ajay , Bisquera Alessandra , Skolarus Lesli E. , Marshall Iain , McKevitt Christopher , Rudd Anthony , Sackley Catherine , Martin Finbarr C. , Manthorpe Jill , Wolfe Charles , Wang Yanzhong
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

Care homes provide care to many stroke survivors, yet little is known about changes in care home use over time. We aim to determine trends in discharge to care homes, to explore the characteristics of stroke survivors over time (1995–2018), and to identify the associations between these characteristics and discharge to care homes poststroke.

Methods—

Using data from the South London Stroke Register between 1995 and 2018, we estimated the proportions discharged to care homes and their characteristics over time, assessed by tests for trends. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the associations between their characteristics and discharge destination.

Results—

Of 4172 stroke survivors, 484 (12%) were discharged to care homes. This proportion has decreased from 24% in 1995 to 2000 to 5% in 2013 to 2018. The mean age of those discharged to care homes has increased over time, from 73 to 75 (
P
<0.001). Among stroke survivors discharged to a care home, the proportion with a prestroke Barthel Index <15 has also increased over time from 7% to 21% (
P
=0.027), while the proportion with a 7-day poststroke Barthel Index <15 remains largely unchanged over time (93% in 1995–2000, 90% in 2013–2018). The characteristics most strongly associated with discharge to care homes were (odds ratio [95% CI]) age (1.05 [1.04–1.07] per year), stroke subtype (hemorrhagic; 0.64 [0.43–0.95]), stroke severity (Glasgow Coma Scale score, <13; 1.67 [1.19–2.35]), failed swallow test at admission (1.65 [1.20–2.25]), 7-day poststroke Barthel Index <15 (3.58 [2.20–6.03]), and a longer hospital stay (1.02 [1.02–1.03] per day).

Conclusions—

Over >20 years, there has been an 80% reduction in the proportion of stroke survivors discharged to care homes, influenced by changes in the demographics, disability, and stroke care in the underlying stroke population. In those moving to care homes, the level of poststroke disability remains high, requiring continued attention and investment.
Imperialist Feminism and Islamic Law
Authors: Salaymeh Lena
Published: November 2019

This article presents three arguments about defects in imperialist feminism. First, I show that imperialist feminists engage in decontextualized comparisons: they consistently compare Western women to the Muslimwoman, without comparing Muslim men and women or comparing non-Muslim men and women. These inconsistent comparisons are the source of significant misrepresentations of Muslim women. Second, I propose that imperialist feminists view Muslim women through the heteronormative male gaze. That is, when imperialist feminists assess Muslim women’s practices, they implement the normative assumptions of heterosexual males in the West. Third, I argue that imperialist feminists incorrectly presume that Western women enjoy full autonomy or fail to recognize that women everywhere do not enjoy full autonomy. I present medieval Islamic legal ideas about a wife’s right to sexual fulfillment as evidence that the liberal myth of autonomy is not translatable to orthodox Islamic jurisprudence.
Le statut matrimonial de la femme dans l’islam médiéval à l’épreuve des documents juridiques
Authors: Dridi Moez , Roiland Muriel
Published: November 2019

Dans le dār al-islām, c’est une conception juridique et contractuelle du mariage qui prévaut : le mariage y est, en effet, un contrat qui fixe les droits et les obligations des époux. Sur la base d’un corpus de documents juridiques rédigés entre les IIIe/IXe et les Xe/XVIe siècles, à partir de cas provenant de plusieurs régions du monde arabe médiéval, nous mettons ici en valeur la situation matrimoniale des femmes, en particulier, la valeur de la dot, les relations conjugales et l’ajout éventuel aux contrats de conditions qui leur sont favorables.

La vie de couple peut en effet être rythmée par une succession d’actes de droit personnel : mariages, quittances de réception de la dot, répudiation ou divorce. Le corollaire étant que certaines femmes n’hésitent pas à saisir le qāḍī pour faire respecter les clauses qu’elles, ou leur représentant, ont fait inscrire dans les contrats.
A Plain History of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
Authors: Hegel Robert E.
Published: November 2019

Through six centuries of commercial activity, cultural identification, wartime pillage, and scholarly scrutiny, the Sanguo zhi pinghua 三國志平話 (Plain Tale on The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms), a work of popular historical fiction, survived to be reprinted for scholarly study around 1930. But this title and others from an original 1320s series continue to exist only because of a shared dedication to the study of books and through the collaboration of generations of Chinese, Japanese, and probably Korean merchants, teachers, editors, scholars, and bibliographers. This essay traces the tortuous path followed by this thin book through time, wars, and personal passions to reveal the generosity of scholars in making this title and its historical significance known today. As with cultural matters at other times and places, this path was regularly overshadowed by political and commercial interests.
Chinese Fiction as a ‘Signal Bell of the Revolution’ and the Transregional Birth of an Author
Authors: Hedberg William C.
Published: November 2019

This essay examines late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century interest in Shi Nai’an, the putative author of the traditional Chinese novel, The Water Margin. Despite the paucity of reliable evidence attesting to Shi Nai’an’s composition of The Water Margin, Japanese writers of the Meiji period were keenly interested in Shi on the basis of his alleged stature as a pioneering author of Oriental or East Asian (Tōyō) fiction. This characterization of Shi Nai’an was a byproduct of the recently established academic discipline of literary history in Japan, and the concomitant desire by Meiji-period historians to locate a literary text that could compete with Western works in terms of narrative and structural complexity. When late Qing-period Chinese authors became aware of Japanese writing on Shi Nai’an, they built on this budding biographical tradition by emphasizing Shi’s identification with an incipient Chinese nationalism, evidenced by his alleged resistance to the Mongol regime during the Yuan dynasty. The case study of Shi Nai’an thus illustrates the nexus between the construction of authorial personae and the pursuit of various ideological goals, as well as demonstrates the centrality of transregional literary contact in the formation of emergent concepts of authorship and canonization in modern East Asia.
Archaistic Perfection: the Production of the Woodblock-Printed Edition of The Communist Manifesto in 1970s China
Authors: Yang Lara Yuyu
Published: November 2019

Woodblock book printing was for many centuries the dominant printing technology in East Asia but it was replaced by mechanised presses during the early 20th century. Surprisingly, in 1973, at the request of the Shanghai municipal government, the Cloudy Studio, a local publishing house, published a fine woodblock edition of The Communist Manifesto in classical Chinese style. Apart from the historical decline of xylography, this was also politically remarkable given that the CCP publicly derided elite xylographic book publishing. In this paper, by investigating the production process of The Manifesto, I will argue that archaism in elite literati book culture continued in woodblock book publishing during the Mao era of 1949-1976. I will analyse how the publishers sought archaistic perfection through design concepts, literati printing materials, ceremonialised production processes and a master-pupil system in the Communist publishing industry through the woodblock printing practice.
Gomphosinica selincuoensis sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from North Tibet, China

Authors: YANG LI , YOU QING-MIN , KOCIOLEK J. P. , WANG LI-QING , ZHANG WEI
Published: November 2019

A new species, Gomphosinica selincuoensis sp. nov., is described from Lake Selincuo, North Tibet, China. This taxon is clearly different from the other species in genus Gomphosinica, with a distinctly protracted, rostrate headpole, relatively higher striae density, and distinctive areolae arrangement within the striae. Striae have areolae mostly in 3 rows, but there are places near the central portion of the valve and at footpole where there are only 2 rows of areolae per stria. Characteristics of this taxon, as observed in light and scanning electron microscopy, support its systematic placement in the genus Gomphosinica. This new species is compared with similar species in Gomphosinica from China and North America, and the biogeographic distribution of the genus is discussed.
Begonia handibadaganathensis (Begoniaceae), a new species from Western Ghats, India

Authors: AITAWADE MAKARAND MOHANRAO , BACHULKAR MADHUKAR YALLAPA , YADAV SHRIRANG RAMCHANDRA
Published: November 2019

A new species of Begonia, B. handibadaganathensis has been described from the northern Western Ghats of Karnataka. The species differs from all other Indian species of the genus in possessing axillary tubercles, a means of vegetative propagation. Begonia handibadaganathensis is closely allied to B. dipetala but differs mainly in the presence of tubercles in the leaf axils, flower size, stamen number and fruit morphology. The species appears to be a narrow endemic restricted to its type locality.
A new species of rheophilic cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Brahmaputra Basin, northeast India
Authors: SHANGNINGAM BUNGDON , KOSYGIN LAISHRAM , SINHA BIKRAMJIT
Published: November 2019

A new species of the genus Garra is described from the Ranga River of the Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Garra magnacavus, new species, differs from its congeners in having an incipient proboscis with a transverse lobe, 15−19 rounded large pits on the snout, weakly developed non-fleshy central callous pad, and an elongate body with 42 lateral-line and 14−16 predorsal scales.
The Down-Regulation of Treg Expression by CD18–/– to Inhibit Kidney Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: Lu Shuo , Sun Zhifeng , Tang Li , Chen Lingling
Published: November 2019

Objective: Gene mutation is closely related to the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma. Regulatory T cells play an important role in cancer. Our study aimed to investigate how CD18 affects tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: 30 models of mice with renal cell carcinoma
were established by gene engineering mouse with CD18 deficient, another 30 normal C57 mice were used as control. Ki67 and microvessel density were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence respectively to assess whether the model was established successfully. The expression
of CD3, CD4 and CD8 were detected in blood and spleen by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of Treg cells. Results: After successful modeling, the expression of Ki67 in C57 was significantly higher than that in experimental group. IHC results showed that CD31 was
also down-regulated in CD18–/– mice. In addition, it was found that expression of CD4 was higher in the mesenteric lymph nodes of CD18–/– as non tumor-bearing. However, Treg cells were significantly decreased in CD18–/– mice.
Conclusion: CD18–/– downregulates Treg cells and then inhibits the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
Performance Analysis of Various Meta-Heuristic Based Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Mangla Pooja , Goyal Sandip Kr.
Published: November 2019

Today one of the new and emerging technologies is Cloud Computing, which denotes to operating, organizing, and retrieving the services over the internet. It is the pre-requisite of IT services on the Internet. In this, Load balancing is the issue region of Cloud Computing, which has
a noteworthy effect for characterizing the resource accessibility. In this, Meta-heuristic techniques are applied on Load Balancing in Cloud Computing and their results are shown.
A Hybrid Approach for Opinion Mining Using Twitter Data
Authors: Mehla Stuti , Rana Sanjeev
Published: November 2019

Abrupt and fast change of technology give birth to research areas which are directly related to users. NLP is such type of emerging research area in which opinions of users using technology play the important role. As with advancement in social sites people post every information. These
posts are related to perspective of user about some company service, regarding any political party and review related to entertainment industry. In NLP, opinion mining is considered as important field because it directly related to society opinion. It can be described as that field in which
conclusion of posted opinions are extracted. Since posted messages are short in nature and it results sparse feature matrix giving less values of performance matrix. In this research paper we have proposed Optimised Feature Opinion Classifier for Big Data termed as OFOCBD which works on the
principle of optimizing the classifiers giving improved values of performance matrix. In this research paper our proposed algorithms have shown better results as the data is converted into big data.
Adaptive Topology Control for Hierarchical Routing Over Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Bindal Amit Kumar
Published: November 2019

Topology defines the standards used by sensors to communicate with each other. Frequent updates in topology may cause excessive control overhead. Overall resource requirements for network operations can be reduced by optimizing the topology control schemes. In this paper, traditional
methods for topology management are investigated and a new approach is introduced to manage the frequent topological updates.
SmartEmoDetect: An Internet of Things Based Emotion Monitoring Wearable Technology for Drivers
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Batra Neera , Goyal Sonali
Published: November 2019

Negative emotional reactions are the major source of severe accidents on the road. In this paper, an IoT based wearable device is proposed that will estimate the four negative emotions (stress, anger, terror, sad) in the driver and hence would be helpful to prevent roadway disasters.
An intelligent stress monitoring control system at the cloud to analyze the sensor signals and to make the decision based upon the variation received in the signals is proposed. This system can also be effective for the government bus drivers. An auditory output response is from buzzer and
a warning message is displayed on the screen inside the vehicle. The continuously monitored real time sensor data in the form of graphs is displayed on the PC screen considered as a central server. When any of the sensor value exceeds predefined threshold value, the driver is considered to
be in subconscious state and the break system will be implemented to stop the DC motor.
Location Based Authentication and Information Security in Cloud Environment: LBAIS
Authors: Deepika  , Dalip  , Gujral Rajneesh Kumar
Published: November 2019

In cloud computing users are able to access the information and resources. Data and network security are lot of security challenges are facing by this technology on the time of accessing information and resources from the cloud. The secure communication of digital information is very
necessary. The intruders can perform various types of network attacks during information transmission. A Location Based Authentication and an Information Security (LBAIS) framework is proposed in this paper, which authenticate the cloud users using Global Positioning System (GPS) and protect
the information using symmetric cryptography algorithm.
Object Recognition Using Deep Learning
Authors: Goel Rohini , Sharma Avinash , Kapoor Rajiv
Published: November 2019

The deep learning approaches have drawn much focus of the researchers in the area of object recognition because of their implicit strength of conquering the shortcomings of classical approaches dependent on hand crafted features. In the last few years, the deep learning techniques have
been made many developments in object recognition. This paper indicates some recent and efficient deep learning frameworks for object recognition. The up to date study on recently developed a deep neural network based object recognition methods is presented. The various benchmark datasets
that are used for performance evaluation are also discussed. The applications of the object recognition approach for specific types of objects (like faces, buildings, plants etc.) are also highlighted. We conclude up with the merits and demerits of existing methods and future scope in this
area.
Magnetic Properties of YBaCuO Superconductors Fabricated Using Melt Growth
Authors: Lee Sang Heon , Kim Jin Hyuck
Published: November 2019

YBa2Cu3O7–y (YBaCuO) superconductors used in energy storage devices are superconducting permanent magnets in bulk form. YBaCuO bulk superconductors are fabricated by interior seeded melt growth. Because the seed crystal growth is based on
a slow diffusion reaction, long-term heat treatment is required to fabricate a single crystal in order to improve the magnetic properties of the bulk YBaCuO superconductor. We fabricated a single-grain bulk YBaCuO superconductor by controlling the distance between the seed and the upper surface
of the YBaCuO bulk. The magnetic levitation force and trapped magnetic field were measured for the YBaCuO superconducting bulk. The correlation between the superconducting magnetic properties of the specimens and the microstructure of each crystallographic plane were evaluated.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of MoSi2 Coating Deposited on Mo Substrate by Hot Dipping Processes
Authors: Zhang Yingyi , Hussain Shahid , Cui Kun , Fu Tao , Wang Jie , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Lv Yan , Aslam Bilal
Published: November 2019

MoSi2 coating was deposited on Mo substrate by a hot dipping process within the silicon bath. The effects of the hot dipping temperature and time on the thickness and mechanical properties of MoSi2 coating have been investigated. The results indicated that the
average hardness of MoSi2 coating is only 209.15 MPa, and the average flexural strength is 873.63 MPa. Therefore, the MoSi2 coating deposited on Mo substrate exhibit better mechanical properties than monolithic MoSi2 and MoSi2 -based composites.
In addition, the hot dipping processes have an important influence on mechanical properties. The hardness and flexural strength decrease sharply with increasing hot dipping temperature, then increases slightly on increasing hot dipping temperature. Meanwhile, the hardness and flexural strength
increase sharply with increasing hot-dipping time.
Accurate Analysis of Target Data and Transmission of Measuring Information Security by Airborne Photoelectric Platform
Authors: Chen Liangwei
Published: November 2019

Unmanned reconnaissance aircraft can acquire data by remote sensing. The photoelectric imaging platform of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is mounted on the UAV, which uses photogrammetry, image processing and other technologies to accurately analyze the target of interest. With the continuous
development of technology, people's requirement for target positioning accuracy is increasing. At the same time, the airborne optoelectronic platform meets the characteristics of wireless sensor networks and needs to deploy key management scheme to ensure the security of data transmission.
In this study, coordinate transformation method is used to generate a photoelectric imaging target positioning scheme, based on which the factors affecting the accuracy of target data are analyzed. Using the idea of Monte Carlo algorithm and MatLab simulation, the attitude angle of aircraft
and the angle error of gyroscope affect the accuracy of target data. In order to improve the security of data transmission, the identity authentication scheme of Elliptic Curve (ECC) is taken as the research object of key management scheme in this study. Considering the limited resources of
wireless sensor networks, a combined public key + identity encryption scheme is proposed. In the simulation process, the scheme shows good performance in encryption/decryption overhead, and the length of ciphertext/private key is controllable. This research is helpful for the airborne photoelectric
platform to measure the target data better and ensure the security of data transmission.
Performance and Mechanism for Fluoride Removal in Groundwater with Calcium Modified Biochar from Peanut Shell
Authors: Zhang Rui-Ling , Xu Jing , Gao Lei , Wang Zhe , Wang Bo , Qin Song-Yan
Published: November 2019

Fluoride in groundwater poses a great risk to humans. Biochar is an effective and environmental-friendly adsorbent for fluoride removal. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium modified biochar derived from peanut shell and to study its mechanism in the adsorptive removal
of fluoride. For these purposes, biochar was prepared using three different techniques. No. 1 biochar was prepared by direct carbonization, No. 2 biochar was modifiied with 30% calcium chloride solution before carbonization, and No. 3 biochar was modified with 30% calcium chloride following
carbonization. The No. 2 biochar clearly showed the highest percentage fluoride removal (92.1%) and the fluoride removal efficiency improved by 30%–60% compared with other techniques. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the biochar modified with calcium were best described by the
Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Based on the calcium content from the energy spectrum, calcium was well loaded onto the biochar. Calcium detached experiments indicated the loaded calcium was the main method for fluoride removal of No. 2 biochar, the adsorption mechanism
was clearly demonstrated through the changes of morphology and group during adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses indicated the highest fluoride removal efficiency of No. 2 biochar was due to cleavage and structural change in many functional groups. But only
C–H was involved in No. 3 biochar fluoride removal process. The good performance of No. 2 biochar for de-fluoridation was due to the calcium stably loaded onto the biochar and many of the changed functional groups there. Biochar modified with calcium before carbonization is an efficient,
low-cost, safe technique for de-fluoridation.
Reliability Impacts on Flip Chip Packages: Moisture Resistance, Mechanical Integrity and Photo-Sensitive Polyimide (PSPI) Passivation
Authors: Kim Gun Rae , Ha Sang-Su , Pae Sangwoo , Park Jongwoo , Choi Byoungdeog
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the effects of moisture sensitivity during preconditioning (30 °C/60% RH, 192 hours) tests and material property changes after reliability stressing on flip chip chip-scale package (FCCSP) were comprehensively investigated by various experimental data as well as theoretical
explanation. Since the integrity of FCCSP is dependent on the mechanical integrity of underfill and PCB used in package assembly process, deep insight was given on the material properties in order to understand degradation mechanism induced by the combined stresses of preconditioning test
and environmental stresses in a sequence. As a result of DOE (Design of Experiment) for 2 different PCB, failures were found only in J PCB because of a large CTE change before and after moisture absorption. After moisture absorption, large CTE change from 27.78 to 32.04 of J PCB could aggravate
the thermal mismatch between a PCB and an underfill, it caused shear displacement by more than 2,309 ppm in the interface. According to the DOE for underfill, we verified that higher modulus underfill could improve the reliability of flip chip packages. Based on our works, we recommend the
optimized value for underfill modulus is from 8 GPa to 12 GPa. We explained logically two different failure mechanisms of delamination. One is induced by CTE mismatch of PCB, and the other is by underfill modulus by means of electron microscope. Finally, as to reliability concerns of moisture
resistance arisen from the absence of the photo-sensitive polyimide (PSPI) passivation layer, we demonstrated that potential risk is minimal if FCCSP is assembled with an appropriate underfill as well as PCB.
Compressive and Shear Resistances of Confined Water Droplet in Sliding Motion Against Hydrophobic Counterpart
Authors: Yeo Na Eun , Kim Doo-In , Jeong Myung Yung
Published: November 2019

The compressive and shear resistances of the water droplet confined between the hydrophobic surfaces were investigated to evaluate the effect of the micro-scale surface pattern on the repulsive capillary force and friction of droplet. The hydrophobic surfaces covered with square pillar
structures in the hexagonal array were prepared and the repulsive normal load and friction coefficient of the droplet were characterized. The force measurements in the vertical and lateral directions on the droplet confined between the prepared hydrophobic surfaces revealed that the compressive
resistance to the vertical motion which is identical with the repulsive capillary force increases with deformation when the deformed droplet is horizontally symmetric. On the other hand, the friction coefficient of the squeezed droplet is inversely proportional to the repulsive capillary force.
It was found that the reduced pressure acting on the solid–liquid interface results in the abnormal reduction in friction coefficient. In addition, the critical hydraulic pressure analysis confirmed that the partially wetted Cassie-Baxter (CB) state is maintained during sliding motion.
Making Society Climate Resilient: International Progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services
Authors: Hewitt C. D. , Allis E. , Mason S. J. , Muth M. , Pulwarty R. , Shumake-Guillemot J. , Bucher A. , Brunet M. , Fischer A. M. , Hama A. M. , Kolli R. K. , Lucio F. , Ndiaye O. , Tapia B.
Published: November 2019

There is growing awareness among governments, businesses, and the general public of risks arising from changes to our climate on time scales from months through to decades. Some climatic changes could be unprecedented in their harmful socioeconomic impacts, while others with adequate forewarning and planning could offer benefits. There is therefore a pressing need for decision-makers, including policy-makers, to have access to and to use high-quality, accessible, relevant, and credible climate information about the past, present, and future to help make better-informed decisions and policies. We refer to the provision and use of such information as climate services. Established programs of research and operational activities are improving observations and climate monitoring, our understanding of climate processes, climate variability and change, and predictions and projections of the future climate. Delivering climate information (including data and knowledge) in a way that is usable and useful for decision-makers has had less attention, and society has yet to optimally benefit from the available information. While weather services routinely help weather-sensitive decision-making, similar services for decisions on longer time scales are less well established. Many organizations are now actively developing climate services, and a growing number of decision-makers are keen to benefit from such services. This article describes progress made over the past decade developing, delivering, and using climate services, in particular from the worldwide effort galvanizing around the Global Framework for Climate Services under the coordination of UN agencies. The article highlights challenges in making further progress and proposes potential new directions to address such challenges.
A Nonmodal Instability Perspective of the Declining Northern Midlatitude Synoptic Variability in Boreal Summer
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Deng Yi , Li Wenhong
Published: November 2019

The Pacific–North America–North Atlantic sector in general experienced a dryer and warmer climate in summer during the past 40 years. These changes are partly associated with declining midlatitude synoptic variability in boreal summer, especially over the two ocean basins. A nonmodal instability analysis of the boreal summer background flow is conducted for two periods, 1979–94 and 2000–15, to understand dynamical processes potentially responsible for the observed decline of synoptic variability. The synoptic variability associated with fast, nonmodal growth of atmospheric disturbances shows a decline over northern midlatitudes in the later period, in both a barotropic model and a two-level quasigeostrophic model. These results highlight the importance of the changing summer background flow in contributing to the observed changes in synoptic variability. Also discussed are factors likely associated with background flow changes including sea surface temperature and sea ice change.
Identifying Work Capacity and Promoting Work: A Strategy for Modernizing the SSDI Program
Authors: Maestas Nicole
Published: November 2019

The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, which provides income support to individuals who become unable to work because of a disability, has not been substantially reformed since the 1980s, despite sweeping changes in health, medical technology, and the functional requirements of jobs. I review how the SSDI program works, its history in terms of caseloads and reforms, and findings from the research evidence that offer lessons for the future. I then propose two interlocking reforms that would modernize the core functions of the program. The first is to improve SSDI’s process for determining whether an applicant has remaining capacity to work by replacing the outdated medical-vocational “grid” with a new system of individual work capacity measurement. Second, I propose the introduction of partial disability benefits, which would make use of the new system for measuring work capacity and allow beneficiaries to combine benefit receipt with work. Partial benefits could be paired with a generalized benefit offset to further encourage work by beneficiaries, and the Social Security Administration’s complex array of work-related rules could be eliminated.
Work, Family, and Community: A Framework for Fighting Poverty
Authors: Rachidi Angela , Doar Robert
Published: November 2019

The contributions to this volume make clear that the social safety net in the United States is large, complex, and robust. In this reflection, we offer insights into the adequacy of the existing safety net to reduce material hardship and meet the future challenges facing this nation. Our perspective is broad and moves from the effects of each individual program covered in this volume to the safety net’s function as a whole and its relation to employment and earnings. We offer a framework for reform that we believe should guide policy-makers and analysts moving forward, and we comment on challenges and potential solutions offered in this collection of work. We conclude with some suggestions for how the safety net can better support employment as the cornerstone of an antipoverty agenda and, by extension, help to build strong families and communities. With this framework in mind, we challenge the next generation of social safety net reformers to reconsider the structure of the social safety net, so it is focused on work, strong families, and vibrant communities.
The Economic Context for Reforming the Safety Net
Authors: Dynan Karen
Published: November 2019

As we wrestle with the future of our safety net and social insurance programs, it is important to understand not only the features and outcomes associated with individual programs but also the broader economic context. This reflection piece discusses several relevant aspects of the macroeconomy and of economic and financial conditions facing households: rising government debt, slower macroeconomic growth, limited tools to fight future recessions, greater income inequality, and the financial struggles of households. It goes on to draw lessons for how we should reform our system of entitlement programs.
Fatigue responses of cracked Ti/APC-2 nanocomposite laminates at elevated temperature
Authors: Jen MHR , Kuo GT , Wu YH , Chen YJ
Published: November 2019

The mechanical properties and fatigue responses of Ti/APC-2 neat and nanocomposites with inclined single-edged cracks due to tensile and cyclic tests at elevated temperature were investigated. Two types of composite laminates [Ti/(0/90)s/Ti] were fabricated with and without (W/WO) nanoparticles SiO2 of optimal 1 wt.%. The geometry and dimensions of specimens were L × W × t = 240 × 25 × 1.55 mm3. The cracks were of constant length 3 mm and width 0.3 mm. The inclined angles were 0°, 45°, and 60°. Both the tensile and cyclic tests were conducted at elevated temperatures 25℃ (RT), 100℃, 125℃, and 150℃. From the tensile tests we obtained the load vs. displacement curves for both types of laminates with varied inclinations at elevated temperatures. Next, we received the applied load vs. cycles curves for the same laminates with inclined cracks at the corresponding temperature due to cyclic tests. According to the experimental data of both tensile and cyclic tests the mechanical properties, such as strength, stiffness, and life, decreased as the temperature rises. The greater the inclined angles were, the greater the strength and stiffness were. Similarly, the fatigue life was in the same trend. However, the effect of inclined angle on mechanical properties was more strong than those of temperature. The mechanical properties of nanocomposite laminates were higher than those of neat composite laminates, but not significant. The main reason was that the enhancement of spreading nano-powder silica on the laminate interfaces did not effectively eliminate the stress intensity at the crack tip locally.
Abrasive waterjet machining of Ti/CFRP/Ti laminate and multi-objective optimization of the process parameters using response surface methodology
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Gururaja Suhasini
Published: November 2019

In present work, abrasive waterjet machining has been used to machine adhesively bonded titanium-carbon fiber-reinforced plastics-titanium hybrid laminate with varying traverse speed, jet pressure, and stand-off distance. The effect of varying abrasive waterjet machining parameters on cut quality has been quantified by material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio ( T r), and surface roughness (Ra). Response surface methodology along with central composite design has been used to analyze the influence of process parameters on output responses. Additionally, analysis of variance was performed to identify the significant parameters on the output responses. For better abrasive waterjet cut quality, the optimal values of process parameters obtained were 200 MPa jet pressure, 237.693 mm/min traverse speed, and 1 mm stand-off distance. The corresponding material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness are 5.388 mm3/s, 1.41, 1.16, and 3.827 µm, respectively. Furthermore, validation tests have been performed with obtained optimal parameters that deliver satisfactory outcomes with an error of 5.35%, 3.07%, 2.29%, and 0.39% for material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness, respectively.
Weighted multiple model adaptive boundary control for a flexible manipulator
Authors: Zhang Weicun , Li Qing , Zhang Yuzhen , Lu Ziyi , Nian Cheng
Published: November 2019

In this article, a weighted multiple model adaptive boundary control scheme is proposed for a flexible manipulator with unknown large parameter uncertainties. First, the uncertainties are approximatively covered by a finite number of constant models. Second, based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton principle, the distributed parameter model of the flexible manipulator is constructed in terms of partial differential equation for each local constant model. Correspondingly, local boundary controllers are designed to control the manipulator movement and suppress its vibration for each partial differential equation model, which are based on Lyapunov stability theory. Then, a novel weighted multiple model adaptive control strategy is developed based on an improved weighting algorithm. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is ensured by virtual equivalent system theory. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.