bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Aerosol Research Observation Station (AEROS)
Authors: Ardon-Dryer Karin , Kelley Mary C. , Xueting Xia , Dryer Yuval
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Information on atmospheric particles' concentration and sizes is important for environmental and human health reasons. Air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) for measuring particulate matter (PM) concentrations are found across the United States, but only three AQMSs measure PM2.5 concentrations (mass of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 µm) in the Southern High Plains of West Texas (area ≥ 1.8 × 105 km2). This area is prone to many dust events (∼ 21 yr−1), yet no information is available on other PM
sizes, total particle number concentration, or size distribution during
these events. The Aerosol Research Observation Station (AEROS) was designed
to continuously measure these particles' mass concentrations (PM1,
PM2.5, PM4, and PM10) and number concentrations (0.25–35.15 µm) using three optical particle sensors
(Grimm 11-D, OPS, and DustTrak) to better understand the impact of dust events on local air quality. The AEROS aerosol measurement unit features a temperature-controlled shed with a dedicated inlet and custom-built dryer
for each of the three aerosol instruments used. This article provides a
description of AEROS as well as an intercomparison of the different
instruments using laboratory and atmospheric particles. Instruments used in
AEROS measured a similar number concentration with an average difference of 2 ± 3 cm−1 (OPS and Grimm 11-D using similar particle size ranges) and a similar mass concentration, with an average difference of 8 ± 3.6 µg m−3 for different PM sizes between the three instruments.
Grimm 11-D and OPS had a similar number concentration and size distribution, using a similar particle size range and similar PM10 concentrations (mass of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of < 10 µm).
Overall, Grimm 11-D and DustTrak had good agreement in mass concentration, and comparison using laboratory particles was better than that with atmospheric particles. Overall, DustTrak measured lower mass concentrations compared to
Grimm 11-D for larger particle sizes and higher mass concentrations for lower PM sizes. Measurement with AEROS can distinguish between various
pollution events (natural vs. anthropogenic) based on their mass concentration and size distribution, which will help to improve knowledge of
the air quality in this region.
Paleoclimatic value of sediment pixel intensity time series from Lago Argentino, Patagonia
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Ito Emi , Shapley Mark , Romero Matias , Brignone Guido
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The quantity and characteristics of sediment deposited in lakes are affected by climate to varying extents. As sediment is deposited, it provides a record of past climatic or environmental conditions. However, determining a direct relationship between specific climatic variables and measurable sediment properties, for instance between temperature and sediment optical reflectance, is complex. In this study, we investigate the suitability of sediment reflectance, recorded as digital pixel intensity (PxI), as a paleoclimate proxy at a large ice-contact lake in southern Patagonia, Lago Argentino. We also evaluate whether sediment PxI can be used to investigate the present-day climatic drivers of sedimentation across Lago Argentino. First, we show that sediment PxIs relate to underlying sediment composition, and are significantly correlated with XRF major element compositional data. Secondly, we find that PxIs correlate with both austral summer temperatures and austral summer wind speeds, but not with precipitation. PxI timeseries reach the correlation significance threshold for use as paleo-temperature or paleo-wind speed proxies. However, high spatial variability and the non-unique relationship between PxI and both temperature and wind speed challenges the necessary assumption of stationarity at Lago Argentino. While we do not find it suitable for use as a paleoclimatic proxy, significant correlations between PxI and instrumental climate data do chronicle current climatic controls on sediment deposition at Lago Argentino: high summer temperatures enhance settling of coarse, optically dark grains across the lake basin by promoting ice melt and lake stratification, while high wind speeds reduce the settling of fine, optically bright grains in the ice-proximal regions by transporting sediment-rich waters away from the glacier fronts. The assumptions required for quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction must be carefully evaluated in complex lacustrine environments, but records unsuitable for use as proxies might nevertheless yield valuable information about the drivers of modern sedimentary transport and deposition.
A model for simultaneous evaluation of NO2, O3 and PM10 pollution in urban and rural areas: handling incomplete data sets with multivariate curve resolution analysis
Authors: Gorrochategui Eva , Hernandez Isabel , Tauler Romà
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A powerful methodology, based on multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with quadrilinearity constraints, is proposed to handle complex and incomplete four-way atmospheric data sets, providing concise and easy interpretable results. Changes in air quality by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particular matter (PM10) in eight sampling stations located in Barcelona metropolitan area and other parts of Catalonia during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020) with respect to previous years (2018 and 2019) are investigated using such methodology. MCR-ALS simultaneous analysis of the 3 contaminants among the 8 stations and for the 3 years allows the evaluation of potential correlations among the pollutants even when having missing data blocks. NO2 and PM10 show correlated profiles due to similar pollution sources (traffic and industry), evidencing a decrease in 2019 and 2020 due to traffic restriction policies and COVID-19 lockdown, especially noticeable in the most transited urban areas (i.e., Vall d’Hebron, Granollers and Gràcia). Ozone evidences an opposed inter-annual trend, showing higher amounts in 2019 and 2020 respect to 2018 due to the decreased titration effect, more significant in rural areas (Begur) and in the control site (Obserbatori Fabra).
Standardized quantification of biofilm in a novel rabbit model of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Visperas Anabelle , Santana Daniel , Ju Minseon , Milbrandt Nathalie B. , Tsai Yu Hsin , Wickramasinghe Sameera , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Samia Anna Cristina S. , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most
devastating complications of total joint arthroplasty. The underlying
pathogenesis involves the formation of bacterial biofilm that protects the
pathogen from the host immune response and antibiotics, making eradication
difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a rabbit model of knee PJI
that would allow reliable biofilm quantification and permit the study of
treatments for PJI. In this work,
New Zealand white rabbits (n=19) underwent knee joint arthrotomy,
titanium tibial implant insertion, and inoculation with Xen36 (bioluminescent
Staphylococcus aureus) or a saline control after capsule closure. Biofilm was quantified via
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tibial explant 14 d after
inoculation (n=3 noninfected, n=2 infected). Rabbits underwent
debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) (n=6) or sham
surgery (n=2 noninfected, n=6 infected) 14 d after inoculation, and
they were sacrificed 14 d post-treatment. Tibial explant and periprosthetic tissues
were examined for infection.
Laboratory assays supported bacterial infection in infected
animals. No differences in weight or C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected after
DAIR compared to sham treatment. Biofilm coverage was significantly
decreased with DAIR treatment when compared with sham treatment (61.4 % vs.
90.1 %, p<0.0011) and was absent in noninfected control
explants. In summary, we have developed an experimental rabbit hemiarthroplasty knee
PJI model with bacterial infection that reliably produces quantifiable
biofilm and provides an opportunity to introduce treatments at 14 d. This
model may be used to better understand the pathogenesis of this condition
and to measure treatment strategies for PJI.
Automated avalanche mapping from SPOT 6/7 satellite imagery: results, evaluation, potential and limitations
Authors: Hafner Elisabeth D. , Barton Patrick , Daudt Rodrigo Caye , Wegner Jan Dirk , Schindler Konrad , Bühler Yves
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Spatially dense and continuous information on avalanche occurrences is crucial for numerous safety related applications such as avalanche warning, hazard zoning, hazard mitigation measures, forestry, risk management and numerical simulations. This information is today still collected in a non-systematic way by observers in the field. Current research has explored and proposed applying remote sensing technology to fill this information gap by providing spatially continuous information on avalanche occurrences over large regions. Previous investigations have confirmed the high potential of avalanche mapping from remote sensed imagery to complement existing databases. Currently, the bottleneck for fast data provision from optical data is the time- consuming manual mapping. In our study we deploy a slightly adapted DeepLabV3+, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, to automatically identify and map avalanches in SPOT6/7 imagery from 24 January 2018 and 16 January 2019. We relied on 24'778 manually annotated avalanche polygons split into geographically disjoint regions for training, validating and testing. Additionally, we investigate generalization ability by testing our best model configuration on SPOT 6/7 data from 6 January 2018 and comparing to avalanches we manually annotated for that purpose. To assess the quality of the model results, we investigate the probability of detection (POD), the positive predictive value (PPV) and the F1-score. Additionally, we assessed the reproducibility of manually annotated avalanches in a small subset of our data. We achieved an average POD of 0.610, PPV of 0.668 and an F1-score of 0.625 in our test areas and found an F1-score in the same range for avalanche outlines annotated by different experts. Our model and approach are an important step towards a fast and comprehensive documentation of avalanche periods from optical satellite imagery in the future, complementing existing avalanche databases. This will have a large impact on safety related applications, making mountain regions safer.
ABOUT THE DECISION OF BORDER MINES TO THE PROCESS OF ROLLING-FIBER IN BALANCED ROLLER FIBERS
Authors: Kluychnikov K. Yu. , Razdobreev V. G. , Leshchenko О. I. , Palamar D. G.
Published: April 2022

There is a great demand in the world for steel strip profiles, which are widely used in mechanical engineering, instrument making and other sectors of the national economy. In Ukraine, the production of strip profiles is extremely limited. The production volumes of such products, if a wide range of sizes and brands are required, are relatively small. The creation of large specialized enterprises for the production of strip profiles in these conditions is economically unprofitable, the orientation towards the import of these profiles makes the economic and technological security of Ukraine dependent on foreign suppliers. For the production of high-precision profiles, various combinations of basic shaping and auxiliary processes are used, depending not only on the characteristics of the profile itself and the technical requirements of the supply, but also on the size of the ordered batch and the capabilities of the available equipment. This explains the high complexity of technological design.
The aim of the work is to determine the boundary conditions of deformation in double roller dies, which ensure a stable flow of the drawing process according to the criterion of the safety factor of the deformed metal. It was found that when calculating the transitions of drawing strip profiles during deformation of the initial round billet with a diameter of 3.67 mm from steel St.70 with a width to thickness ratio of more than two, the maximum value of the relative reduction per transition should not exceed 40-50 % during deformation without counter tension, and 40 % – with tension. Analytical studies have shown that in the range of working reductions per transition (5-40 %), the safety factor that guarantees the process of metal deformation without breakage and does not allow local constrictions and distortion of the profile geometry is not exhausted. It was found that in the range of working reductions per transition (5-40 %), the deformation process of the initial round billet in a roller die with smooth rollers proceeds without exceeding the permissible values of the drawing forces. It has been determined that with an increase in the relative reduction in the first roller die, the range of working reductions in the second roller die, which affects the stability of the metal drawing process, decreases.
MODEL PREDICTION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW TYPES OF MANGANESE-CONTAINING (Mn-50-60%) FERROALLOYS
Authors: Petrov A. F. , Snigura I. R. , Golovko L. A. , Hodotova N. E.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work is to implement a new approach to the description of physicochemical and thermophysical characteristics of low-melting manganese-containing ferroalloys (in the range of concentrations of Mn 50-60%, Si 3-8%, C 2.5-6%) during deoxidation and alloying of metal melt. The proposed approach is focused on the development of methods and criteria for the quantitative assessment and accounting of microhomogeneity of multicomponent metal melts, which include ferroalloys. This approach makes it possible to predict such important characteristics as melting temperature, density, heat capacity, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, resistivity, temperature coefficient, which will expand the understanding of melting processes and assimilation of ferroalloy elements. The method of solving regularity modeling problems developed at the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which is based on the original concept of directed chemical bonding of interaction processes in melts and solutions, developed by E.V. Prikhodko. To assess and take into account the influence of microhomogeneity of the structure of metal melts of ferroalloy production, the method of calculating criteria (ΔZY and Δd), which characterize the degree of difference between electronic and structural state of the melt (as a chemically unified system) from the mechanical mixture of their initial components. Using these criteria and the available experimental data, which acted as reference points, the calculated values of the consumer properties of manganese-containing ferroalloys, which differ from standard brands in the direction of increasing the silicon content and decreasing manganese. On the basis of new results of calculation of a complex of physical and thermophysical properties the estimation of efficiency of use of ferroalloys is carried out. The fundamental possibility of graphical dependences «property-parameter» to determine the boundary conditions for choosing the optimal composition of new types of ferroalloys, purposefully control the physicochemical state of the iron-carbon melt and, accordingly, to influence the properties of the finished metal.
PROSPECTS OF DECARBONIZATION OF METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Babachenko O. I. , Tuboltsev L. G. ,   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Merkulov O. Ye.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the possibilities of using decarbonization technologies in the production of steel products. The world experience of using advanced technologies is generalized and the possibilities of their application in metallurgical production are presented, taking into account the emissions of carbon dioxide responsible for the greenhouse effect and global warming of the Earth. The directions of research projects in the metallurgical industry, the results and the conclusions that follow from them are presented. Possibilities of application of decarbonization technologies in the process of preparation of charge materials, production of cast iron and steel are shown. It is noted that the trend of decarbonization of steel significantly changes traditional metallurgy. At the same time, the possibilities of modern technologies of metal production do not allow to significantly abandon the use of natural gas and carbon (coal and coke) as a reducing agent and energy source in metallurgical production processes. Possibilities of modern and perspective metallurgical processes concerning production of products with the minimum carbon trace are shown. The problems facing the metallurgy of Ukraine to reduce СО2 emissions and the introduction of technologies for decarbonization of metal production are highlighted. It is shown that for the implementation of steel decarbonization processes it is necessary to take into account the following: the need for structural restructuring of the metallurgical industry; the need for radical modernization of the metallurgical industry through the introduction of fundamentally new energy-saving production technologies; limiting inefficient exports of raw materials and semi-finished products; introduction of "green" steel production technologies; strengthening the role of research in the production of metallurgical products with low carbon footprint; strengthening the interaction of science, enterprises and the state in the implementation of global projects for the production of low-carbon metallurgical products.
INTRODUCTION OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR BLAST SMELTING CONTROL IN THE CONDITIONS OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF PRJSC "DNIPROVSKYI COKE PLANT"
Authors:   Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Semenov Yu. S. , Shumelchik E. I. , Horupakha V. V. , Vashchenko S. V. , Khudyakov O. Yu. , Ermolina K. P. , Semion I. Yu. ,   Metallurgical production of PrJSC "Dniprovskyi Coke Plant", Kamianske, Ukraine, Chychov I. V. ,   Metallurgical production of PrJSC "Dniprovskyi Coke Plant", Kamianske, Ukraine
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work is to increase the level of automation of blast furnace production through the development and implementation of new systems to support decision-making on the management of blast furnace smelting in changing technological and fuel conditions. The article presents a description of three decision support systems (DSS) in the mode of an adviser to the technological personnel of blast furnaces, which were implemented by the Iron and Steel Institute or underwent pilot testing as part of the automated control system of the blast furnace shop of the metallurgical production of PrJSC "Dniprovskyi Coke Plant" (Kamianske). The first DSS for managing the thermal state was implemented in 2021, it includes the entire list of information necessary for personnel in a convenient and compact form, generates recommendations in case of technology deviations and, in case of incorrect actions of the personnel, signals the need for correct actions. The main recommendations of the system are to correct the raceway adiabatic flame temperature, coke consumption when its characteristics and ore load change. Using the system allows both reducing the specific coke consumption and preventing unplanned downtime. The second DSS for controlling the distribution of fuel additives over air tuyeres is based on information on thermal loads determined on water-cooled elements of tuyere tools. The main recommendations of the system are to adjust the amount of injected pulverized coal fuel on individual tuyeres in order to ensure a uniform distribution of the raceway adiabatic flame temperature around the circumference of the blast furnace and, as a result, the energy efficiency of blast furnace smelting. The third DSS for adjusting the parameters of the charging mode is based on information from the means of controlling the temperatures of the gas flow above the surface of the charge in the blast furnace. The functioning of this system is based on determining the reference curves for the distribution of the gas flow along the furnace radii, corresponding to the minimum consumption of coke and maximum productivity, and on the search for solutions by direct and iterative optimization methods, which allow, by adjusting the loading parameters, to ensure a rational distribution of charge materials and gas flow in the furnace.
The phenotypical features and risk factors for progression of endometrial stromal tumors
Authors: Barbakadze Lali , Kintraia Nikoloz , Jikurashvili Manana , Burkadze George
Published: April 2022

Endometrial stromal sarcomas are mesenchymal tumors and constitute 0,2-1% of all the malignant uterine pathologies and 6-20% of uterine sarcomas. Commonly they arise in 42-53 year old women. Unlike epithelial tumors, that are having better prognosis, uterine sarcomas are known to have bad prognosis. The recurrence rate and the risk of distant metastasis is high. Local recurrence can be even seen 20-30 years after primary diagnosis and therapy. Radical surgery stands as the primary therapeutic method, often with adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. Due to the low incidence of endometrial stromal sarcomas, only few things are known about the risk factors of bad outcome and its optimal management.
Prevalence and Incidence Rate of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Elite Female Handball players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goyal Kajal , Balodhi Apoorva , Manglik Palak
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Handball is perilous Olympic contact sports played on land. It is considered risky due to its multifactorial and tactile components along with negligence towards the use of protective gear. The game, despite having an offensive manoeuvre, has gained a great substantial popularity amidst the youth making it the second most popular team sport at the Olympics (2016). Musculoskeletal disorders are common to the sport. They are the leading contributor to disability worldwide and significantly limit mobility and dexterity, leading to early retirement from game.
Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to review a series of articles (n=19) to understand the prevalence and incidence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in elite female Handball players.
Type of Study: The following is a Systematic Literature Review.
Result: The research provides an establishment of the fact that the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders are higher in female handball team players.

Key words: Handball; Prevalence; Incidence; Prevention; Rehabilitation; Female players Injuries.
Validity and Reliability of Marathi Translated Modified Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (MARmPCOSQ)
Authors: Tahakik Sanskruti , Prakash Doss
Published: April 2022

PCOS is Considered composite disease with wide range of manifestations which affect Quality of life of females, there are various questionnaires to Assess quality of life but mPCOSQ is more valid and reliable tool, but some females in our region don’t understand English language for assessment of their quality of life there was need of translation and validation of mPCOSQ in Marathi. A Cross sectional study conducted on 78 women speaking Marathi language. Participants included in study with mean Age 22.9±4.6 and BMI 24.7 ± 2.7 respectively most of them diagnosed with PCOS for ≥ 1 year. All experts rated translated items of the mPCOSQ as clinically relevant with comments on few items that were modified the Content validity index (CVI) for MARmPCOSQ was 0.9. The internal consistency for reliability, the alpha coefficient was 0.92 indicating good reliability. The interclass co-relation Coefficient for each item were also acceptable, ranging from 0.921 to 0.978 with p value < 0.001. which shows that the scale has good Reliability.

Key words: PCOS, Marathi Translated PCOS, PCOSQ, Polycystic ovary syndrome Questionnaire.
Assessment of the Motivation for Smoking Cessation among the Citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Memeti Shaban , Kjosevska Elena , Prosheva Sanja
Published: April 2022

Introduction: North Macedonia is among the top rated countries with high smoking prevalence with high rate of adult smoking 48.4%, and nearly 81.4% of the smokers started smoking before being 25 years of age.
This paper will highlight the prevalence and public’s motivation on smoking cessation, broken down into age groups throughout the entire country of North Macedonia.
Materials and Methods: The method is an analytical-descriptive method with cross sectional study, as a result to a quantitative-qualitative survey conducted among the population in 2021 with the collaboration of the Virginia Tech University and the NGO Link Across. Data from the Qualtrics housed surveys and the completed paper surveys were entered into an Excel DB. Descriptive statistics were generated for all questions. Bivariate data were analyzed using r.
Results and Discussion: Smoking is widely spread among all age groups, but with a trend to decrease in numbers as the age is of a higher number - 32.2% belongs to the 18 to 24 year old group. Distribution by gender -57.8% female, 40.4% male. Younger age groups have the highest relative frequencies about the intention to quit smoking within one month. Approximately 16% of participants who were smokers and attempted to quit, were smoke free and successful in cessation. Majority of survey participants who attempted to quit were not successful and resumed smoking within 6 months. This is strong justification of smokers who attempt to quit needing a program that would guide them and maintain the attempts for cessation.
Conclusions: New state programs for smoking cessation should be offered as soon as possible. Also regarding the changes in smoking protection laws, they should be analyzed; some of the changes need to be reverted regarding the law legislation of the new modern ways of tobacco use, which are on the rise all over the world.

Key words: smoking cessation, motivation, North Macedonia.
Indigenous Socket Adapter for Endoskeletal Trans Radial Prosthesis
Authors: Sahoo Ullas Chandra , Sahoo Smruti Prava
Published: April 2022

Most of the upper extremity transradial prosthesis consists of exoskeletal system which makes the prosthesis comparatively heavy and also takes more time for fabrication. Current designs of commercial arm prostheses do not support a modular approach. The purpose of this study was to design and develop a low cost socket attachment unit for endoskeletal transradial prosthetic system (ranging from very short below elbow to wrist disarticulation) which will help in increasing and decreasing the length of the forearm bar (pylon) of the prosthesis easily as per the requirement. The socket adapter was made from aluminium alloy with internal threading of M12*1.75. As the wrist unit was eliminated and light weight materials were used for fabrication of prosthesis, the weight of the prosthesis was about 0.506 kg as compared to 1 kg for conventional prosthesis. After fitting the prosthesis, patient was able to open the terminal device at any desired elbow flexion and wrist position. The novel socket adapter design will allow the Endoskeletal idea to be used in the construction of upper limb prostheses.

Key words: Transradial prosthesis, Endoskeletal, Modular, Socket adopter, Aluminium alloy.
Morphologic and Volumetric Study of Paranasal Sinuses and Mastoid Air Cell System Using Different Methods: A Review
Authors: K S Anusree , K Pushpalatha
Published: April 2022

The size and configuration of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cell system, which are the biggest air spaces in the human body, are important when planning endoscopic sinus procedures. As a result, various investigations using CT, MRI, cadaveric exams, and histological studies have been done to determine the size and volume of the paranasal sinuses. In assessing the disorders of the paranasal sinuses, computed tomography has acquired widespread recognition. It has been widely used in the assessment of malignant disorders. CT allows for simultaneous visualisation of both bone and soft tissue components. Environmental variables and hereditary illnesses have an impact on the development of the paranasal sinuses. Age had an effect on the growth of both the paranasal sinuses and the mastoid air cell. The paranasal sinuses have a high correlation between their volumes, indicating that they are in proportion to one another. The architecture of the paranasal sinuses, their evolution, the many materials and methods used to research them, and the probable variations in their size and volume are all discussed in this article.

Key words: Paranasal sinuses; Computed tomography; Volume.
Features of experimental modeling of ferroptosis of hepatocytes
Authors: Ponamarev V. S.
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis is a relatively recently discovered type of cell death that differs from traditional apoptosis and necrosis and is the result of the accumulation of lipid peroxides directly dependent on iron ions. Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by cytological changes, including a decrease in cell volume and an increase in the density of mitochondrial membranes. The pathological process can proceed in two main ways: external, or dependent on the transporter, and internal, or regulated by enzymes. Ferroptosis is caused by a redox imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which is due to the abnormal expression and activity of multiple redox enzymes that produce or detoxify free radicals and lipid oxidation products.The main goal of this study is to analyze the main difference between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death, as well as to experimentally induce ferroptosis of hepatocytes in laboratory animals.PubMed, Elsevier Science (Scopus), and Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science) scientific databases were searched for original research to determine the distinguishing features of ferroptosis from other types of cell death. Experimental induction of ferroptosis of hepatocytes was performed in the vivarium of the FGBOU VO "SPbGUVM". With the deepening of research, ferroptosis has been found in the pathophysiological processes of an increasing number of diseases. In addition, ferroptosis, as an independent mode of cell death, may also play a role in diseases along with other types of cell death, enabling co-application of existing treatment regimens and helping to address drug resistance issues in some diseases. Of great theoretical and practical value is the study of the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in various diseases, as well as the proposal of effective schemes for its modeling for further study.
Immuno-biochemical status of cows with genital mycoplasmosis
Authors: Vasiliev R. M.
Published: April 2022

Intensive livestock management implies the maximum use of the productive qualities of animals, the realization of their potential is hindered by diseases of various origins, especially those that are accompanied by a long chronic course. Among them, genital mycoplasmosis of cattle attracts special attention. The task of our research was to study the state of protein metabolism in healthy people and patients with genital mycoplasmosis of the blood. Based on the results of the PCR test for Mycoplasma spp., two groups of cows were formed. In both groups of animals, the level of total protein, the absolute and relative content of albumin and globulin fractions, the total amount of immunoglobulins and their relative content in the globulin fraction were determined. It has been established that genital mycoplasmosis in cows is accompanied by the development of dysproteinemia, which is manifested by moderate hyperproteinemia, a relative decrease in albumin content and an absolute and relative increase in the amount of globulins. In addition, in sick animals, a decrease in the amount of immunoglobulins is observed, against the background of a sharp decrease in their relative content in the globulin fraction of the protein.
Clinical case of diagnostics and removal of uterine leiomyoma in a dog
Authors: Nikitina A. A. , Nikitin G. S.
Published: April 2022

The article considers a clinical case of uterine fibroids in an East European Shepherd dog. The owners complained of uncontrolled urination in the animal, which was aggravated over the past three months, as well as an increase in the abdomen, refusal of active physical exertion, shortness of breath when going up and down stairs, and decreased activity. Appetite and thirst are unchanged. The age of the dog is 8.5 years, sex is female, not neutered, sexual cycles are not regular, the last estrus is more than a year ago. Examination of the studied animal showed obesity, shortness of breath, capillary filling rate - 1 second. Palpation - the abdomen is soft, there is discomfort during palpation of the abdominal organs, an attempt to urinate. In the study of blood: RBC - 7.9 * 1012 / l; WBC - 9.21 * 109 / l; HCT - 57.2%; Hb - 198 g/l (hyperchromemia); eosinophilia - 9%, lymphocytopenia - 12%; biochemical study of blood serum: AST - 60 IU / l, ALT - 41 IU / l, total protein - 78 g / l, albumins - 38 g / l, alkaline phosphatase - 50 IU / l, total bilirubin - 1.7 μmol / l, concentrations of calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, phosphorus - at the upper limit of the reference values. Urinalysis - biochemical - no deviations, pH - 5.5, sediment microscopy - granular cylinders - single, mucus ++, erythrocytes: 0-2-3 in PM, leukocytes: 1-2-1 in PM, crystals - a small amount , calcium oxalates. Ovariohysterectomy revealed a massive formation on the uterus on the right, densely elastic consistency, grayish-whitish color on the cut. Histological examination (eosin-hematoxylin staining) determined that the formation is benign - leiomyoma.
Possibilities of predictive toxicology in assessing the potential hepatotoxicity of medicinal substances
Authors: Ponamarev V. S. , Lunegov A. M.
Published: April 2022

Currently, one of the "gold" standards for determining the potential toxicity of drugs is highly informative preventive screening (HCS). This method has become a powerful tool for the evaluation of molecular, cellular and tissue toxicity, especially in the field of predictive toxicology, aimed at predicting unwanted drug-related substances. It is critical for the pharmaceutical industry to identify and subsequently mitigate potential safety risks early in the R&D process and thus reduce toxicity and the safety-related shrinkage of drug development programs. In this article, we review some of the most common used HCS assays for predictive toxicology in the pharmaceutical industry. PubMed, Elsevier Science (Scopus), and Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science) research databases were searched for original research to identify the hallmarks of the HCS methodology. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common causes of safety and toxicity related downsizing of potential drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as drug withdrawals. Hepatotoxic substances are associated with xenobiotics, drugs, substances of natural origin and chemical agents that constitute an important cause of hepatic action. A single classification based on the mechanisms of toxicity makes it possible to distinguish between intrinsic hepatotoxicity (preliminary and dose-dependent) and idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity (invisible, non-mediated immune and metabolic reactions). HCS analyzes are not intended to replace animal testing because they cannot capture the full complexity of an organism. However, they can reduce the amount of animal testing by early detection of hazards and complement animal testing. Through early identification of safety risks and optimization of chemistry series across relevant safety endpoints, HCS assays for predictive toxicology hold the promise of enhancing the successful selection of new drug candidates with satisfactory toxicological properties.
Organic mineral supplement and its effect on morphometric parameters of bone and muscle
Authors: Zhilochkina T. I. , Taimusova E. N.
Published: April 2022

At the VNITIP Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of an organic mineral supplement on the morphometric parameters of bone and muscle tissue of broiler chickens. For the experiment, according to the principle of analogues, five groups of broiler chickens of the SGC "Smena" selection of 35 heads each were formed. When analyzing the results of the mineral composition of bone tissue and histological studies, it was found that the use of a complex of trace elements in the form of L-asparaginates in the amount of 10%, 12.5% and 20% of the current guarantee norms for the introduction of trace elements, there is an increase in the activity of bone tissue formation and good quality of muscle tissue.
Sorption modification of farm animals diets
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: April 2022

Fungal contamination of feed ingredients is an important entry point for mycotoxins to increase the risk to animals and humans. Mycotoxicoses are an increasing threat to animal and human health with a high potential to cause significant economic losses in the food and feed industry. Contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins depends on physical and chemical factors that affect the production and accumulation of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolite compounds that persist throughout the food chain due to their resistance to a wide range of environmental factors or manufacturing processes. Developing countries and rural areas dependent on local food production are at higher risk of mycotoxin contamination problems due to inadequate or insufficient implementation of food safety and quality control measures. The use of mycotoxin-contaminated feed is often due to an increased demand for less expensive feed ingredients to meet the growing needs of livestock production, including aquaculture. There are a number of efforts to reduce mycotoxins in raw and processed foods, both in pre-harvest stages, which inhibit toxin production in the field, and in post-harvest remediation strategies, reducing the concentration of mycotoxins in commodities.
Video Games in the Treatment of Amblyopia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Azizalrahman Lojain
Published: April 2022

Background: Amblyopia can drastically affect a child’s life. Recently, following a shift in the view of amblyopia from that of a monocular disorder to that of a binocular disorder, dichoptic video games were introduced as a new treatment method.
Aim: To explore the role of video games in the treatment of children with amblyopia.
Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were screened for the keywords “amblyopia” and “games”, from January to March 2022. Only articles written in English that discussed video games for the treatment of amblyopia were included.
Results: The advantages of dichoptic video games include a more rapid improvement in visual acuity in different age groups, simpler compliance monitoring, and possibly a reduced risk of recurrence. However, not all studies proclaimed the effectiveness of video games and some raised concerns about their addictive potential.
Conclusion: Dichoptic video games require further controlled studies to demonstrate their efficacy. However, they show promising results in the treatment of what was, until recently, considered untreatable amblyopia.
Blockchain technology adoption for sustainable learning
Authors: Altamimi Ahmad , Al-Bashayreh Mahmood , AL-Oudat Mohammad , Almajali Dmaithan
Published: April 2022

Sustainable Learning and Education (SLE) is a recent emerging philosophy founded on sustainability principles and in response to the UN announced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, technologies should be implemented to empower educational institutions to achieve SLE. This study aims to investigate the factors impacting the intentions of using blockchain technology for SLE in Jordanian universities. Accordingly, an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is proposed where five more factors are integrated. To this end, an extended model was proposed and validated using structural equation modeling based on 407 responses collected using an online survey. The results showed that adopted factors significantly impact blockchain use in SLE. We believe that the study finding would assist decision-makers in building systems for sustainable learning and education for the Jordanian higher educational institutes.
Digital marketing, online trust and online purchase intention of e-commerce customers: Mediating the role of customer relationship management
Authors: Yunus Mukhlis , Saputra Jumadil , Muhamma Zikri
Published: April 2022

In the digitalization era, e-commerce plays a crucial role in the economy, followed by the internet and smartphone technology. Also, it has a positive effect on humankind. Indonesia has reported the highest e-commerce adoption in the world. However, limited previous studies utilize customer relationship management (CRM) as a mediator in influencing online purchase intention. The present study seeks to analyze the mediating role of CRM in the relationship of digital marketing and online trust on the online purchase intention of e-commerce customers in Banda Aceh city, Aceh province, Indonesia. This study involved all the customers of e-commerce companies in Banda Aceh City. The sample was determined by using a rule of thumb. A total of 150 respondents participated and were collected using purposive sampling. The results indicated that Digital Marketing and Online Trust have a significant positive relationship with CRM. Also, Digital Marketing and CRM have a significant relationship with online purchase intention. Unfortunately, Online trust does not significantly affect online consumer purchase intention. In addition, the CRM mediates the relationship of digital marketing and online trust towards the online purchase intention of e-commerce consumers in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study concludes that CRM plays a role as a mediator in the relationship of the studied variables on the online purchase intention of e-commerce consumers. Also, this study has successfully analyzed the factors that influence online purchase intention and proved the role of CRM.
The effect of social media marketing, compatibility and perceived ease of use on marketing performance: Evidence from hotel industry
Authors: Nuseir Mohammed T. , Elrefae Ghaleb
Published: April 2022

This research effort addresses the role of social media marketing activities, the compatibility with latest technology availability and perceived ease of use of social media and technological applications and systems to influence the attitude towards adoption that further enhances the marketing performance. The hotel industry of UAE is required to adopt the social networking sites and online marketing approaches instead of traditional marketing pattern to attract the customers on large-scale worldwide specifically. In addition, Due to Covid19 pandemic era, the need for online applications has increased dramatically to avoid the physical contact. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by explaining the role of social media marketing, its compatibility and ease of use to predict the attitude towards adoption that further influences the marketing performance. The study reported that social media marketing efforts, the compatibility of online applications and perceived ease of use influence the attitude towards the adoption of social networking sites significantly, moreover the marketing performance is influenced by inclined attitude of adoption network related applications.
Understanding and predicting bugs fixed by API-migrations
Authors: Alhindawi Nouh , Meqdadi Omar , Alsakran Jamal , Aljawarneh Nader Mohammad , Migdadi Hatim S.
Published: April 2022

Bug tracking systems are standard repositories that preserve a large number of uncovered bugs. Once a bug is reported in these repositories, developers search for appropriate changes to fix the bug. However, discovering the changes that can fix the bugs has a negative influence on the schedule and cost of projects. Mainly, fixing bugs could be done by performing some other maintenance changes. In this work, we study and examine the role of adaptive maintenance in the context of API-migration during bug fixing activities through a case study on KOffice, Extragear/graphics, and Open Scene Graph projects. Our goal is to direct developers towards potential bugs early in development which are more likely to be fixed by performing adaptive changes as opposed to other maintenance tasks. We examined the reports of fixed bugs from the bug tracking systems of the studied projects, then we explored several factors related to variant dimensions of the reports and their relevant version history commits, in order to evaluate their effectiveness to decide whether a bug is likely to be fixed by adaptive changes. Our case study results show that bug residency time, textual contents of the report, the component that the bug was found in, and reporter/commenter experience show significant differences between the bugs that are fixed by adaptive changes and other fixed bugs.
The effect of digital marketing on purchase intention: Moderating effect of brand equity
Authors: Alwan Maher , Alshurideh Muhammad Turki
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of digital marketing, social media marketing and electronic word-of-mouth EWOM, on the purchase intention with moderating effect of brand equity. A quantitative research approach was used to achieve the research objectives. The data was collected from a sample consisting of 254 online shoppers of IKEA Jordan. By using a random sampling technique, the data was collected through an electronic questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted such as data normality and scale reliability by using IBM SPSS 21 software, followed by measurement model and hypothesis testing by using Smart PLS3 software. The results assessed the validity of the measurement model, structural model as well moderation analysis that was conducted based on the study objectives. The findings confirmed the assumptions which stated the digital marketing had a positive significant effect on purchase intention, and the moderating effect of brand equity revealed a significant effect. The study has contributed to the existing literature by providing future research suggestions and directions linked to this topic in the context of Jordan social media marketing and shopping.
Effectiveness of the board of directors' performance in Jordan: The moderating effect of enterprise risk management
Authors: Shatnawi Saddam Ali , Marei Ahmad , Daoud Luay , Alkhodary Dina , Shehadeh Maha
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of enterprise risk management on the relationship between the board of directors’ effectiveness on accounting and market performance in Jordan. The current study uses panel data of 684 firm-year observations, employed regression analysis and analysis of annual reports of 76 listed companies on the Amman stock exchange (ASE) from 2009 to 2017 covering 9 years. The findings of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the enterprise risk management has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between the board of directors’ effectiveness on accounting and market performance in Jordan. The findings reveal that enterprise risk management positively moderated the relationship between board of directors’ effectiveness on Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Tobin’s Q. It also moderated the interaction of board of directors’ effectiveness intercept enterprise risk management on Return on Assets and Return on Equity, which were found positive and significant. The findings of this paper can provide crucial conclusions and recommendations that clarify the relationship between the board of directors’ effectiveness and the accounting and market performance in Jordan and the moderate impact of the enterprise risk management.