bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical approach and clinical outcomes of delayed two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction: a single-institution experience
Authors: Kang Myeong Jae , Lee Jung Ho , Jeon Hyeon Jun , Ryu Jeong Yeop , Lee Joon Seok , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Lee Jeeyeon , Park Ho Yong , Yang Jung Dug
Published: April 2023

Background Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy can be challenging in some patients for medical or oncological reasons. Delayed two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction is a reliable option for these patients. However, data regarding surgical techniques, outcomes, and complication rates are limited. This study reports our experience using the two-stage tissue expander/implant procedure for delayed breast reconstruction.Methods This retrospective study included 32 patients (34 breasts) who underwent delayed two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction at our institution from January 2018 to July 2022. We summarized the techniques used in the procedure and evaluated the 1-year postoperative outcomes and complication rates.Results The mean time from mastectomy to expander insertion was 210±25 days, and 8.2±2.3 additional expansions were required prior to the implant insertion. The mean time of tissue expansion was 187±15 days, and the mean volume of expansion was 495±31 mL. No major complications occurred that required reoperation, and the patients were highly satisfied with the surgical results.Conclusions Although delayed two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction resulted in satisfactory outcomes, consensus regarding the operative technique is still needed. Two-stage tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction is a safe and effective option for delayed breast reconstruction.
Preseptal upper eyelid lipoma: a case report
Authors: Lee Chan Yeong , Kim Dong Won , Song Woo Jin
Published: April 2023

Lipomas are benign soft-tissue tumors that typically progress gradually. In this case report, we describe a 77-year-old woman who presented with a mass on the left upper eyelid. An ophthalmologic examination was normal, and ultrasonography revealed a 1-cm ill-defined mass in the subcutaneous fat layer of the left upper eyelid. The tumor was completely excised surgically, and a histopathological examination showed mature fibro-adipose tissue consistent with a lipoma. The patient had an excellent postoperative prognosis. Even though eyelid lipomas are extremely rare, it is important to carefully examine the integrity of the orbital muscle, orbital septum, and levator aponeurosis. Lipoma should be distinguished from herniated orbital fat or the lacrimal glands in the differential diagnosis of an upper eyelid mass.
Achieving attractive and healthy-looking lips through a central lip lift
Authors: Seo Min-Gi , Sakong Yong , Lee Dong Eun , Lee Jun-Ho
Published: April 2023

Background Lip lifting is a widely accepted and efficient surgical procedure for volumizing the upper lip to achieve a more youthful appearance. A previous study by Hwang et al. identified the lip-related ratios most preferred by Koreans: a lip height-to-width ratio (LTW) of 0.4, an upper-to-lower vermilion ratio (ULR) of 0.8, and an upper vermilion thickness-to-upper lip height ratio (VUL) of 0.5. The current study investigated whether the attractive lip ratio favored by Koreans could be obtained with central upper lip lift surgery.Methods This retrospective chart review included South Korean patients who underwent central lip lifts between 2015 and 2019 at a single center. The LTW, ULR, VUL, and columellar-labial angle were measured using the patients’ preoperative and postoperative clinical photographs.Results A total of 87 patients underwent central lip lifts. Before surgery, the mean LTW was 0.34, the mean ULR was 0.76, and the mean VUL was 0.30. After surgery, the LTW increased to an average of 0.39, the ULR increased to 0.84, and the VUL increased to 0.393. The patients’ postoperative ratio values were close to the attractive lip ratio values proposed by Hwang et al. The average columellar-labial angle decreased from 101.59° to 95.04°, and therefore did not interfere with the aesthetic relationship between the nose and lips.Conclusions The central lip lift was an efficient cosmetic technique that provided the Korean ideal shape for attractive lips.
Incremental AI
Authors: Chen Daniel L.
Published: April 2023

The usual narrative is backlash to artificial intelligence (AI). A recent study found that when judges were given decision-support, it ended up increasing disparities–not because the algorithm was biased–in fact the algorithm would have resulted in lower disparities. But the judges selectively paid attention to the algorithm, which resulted in greater disparities. This article argues for an incremental approach leveraging recent theoretical insights from social preference economics. The core insight is that judges are moral decision-makers–you’re right or wrong, good or bad–and to understand what motivates these decision-makers, one might turn to self-image motives–a topic of active behavioral research in recent years. Each stage leverages motives related to the self: self-image, self-improvement, self-understanding, and ego. In stage 1, people use AI as a support tool, speeding up existing processes (for example, by prefilling forms). Once they’re used to this, they can more easily accept an added functionality (Stage 2) in which AI becomes a choice monitor, pointing out choice inconsistencies and reminding the human of her prior choices in similar situations. Stage 3 elevates the AI to the role of a more general coach, providing outcome feedback on choices and highlighting decision patterns. Then, in stage 4, the AI brings in other people’s decision histories and patterns, serving as a platform for a community of experts. This framework contrasts with the current framework where the AI simply recommends an optimal decision.
Improved adaptive micro-grid over current protection scheme considering false tripping
Authors: Ekka Kshitij Clement , Kale Vijay S. , Khond Sudarshan
Published: April 2023

Adaptive protection is an efficient way to tackle the changing topologies in distribution grids caused by the penetration of renewable energy sources. Effective operation of an adaptive protection scheme requires a fast and reliable communication network. However, inherent time delays can adversely impact the effectiveness of Adaptive Protection Schemes (APSs). This manuscript classifies delays into two types and proposes a method or each type to overcome the effects caused by the corresponding type of delay with an improved APS algorithm. The algorithm uses a combination of centralized and decentralized signaling to counter different types of delays. The improved algorithm is tested on a Canadian 9 bus urban benchmark distribution network. MATLAB Simulink environment is used to simulate the 9 bus benchmark distribution network. The results obtained are demonstrated with the improved scheme on stated test system.
The crystal structure of [N-{[2-(oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl](phenyl)methylidene}alaninato]-diphenyl-silicon(IV) – chloroform (1/1), C29H25NO4Si·CHCl3
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Fels Sabine
Published: April 2023

C29H25NO4Si·CHCl3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.1316(8) Å, b = 10.1173(3) Å, c = 18.2252(8) Å, β = 

117.195

(
3
)

°

$117.195(3){}^{\circ}$

, V = 2809.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0431, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1050, T = 153 K.
LAS REDES SOCIALES ONLINE COMO AMORTIGUADORAS DE LA SOLEDAD DURANTE EL CONFINAMIENTO
Authors: Vázquez Chas Loreto
Published: April 2023

El confinamiento impuesto para intentar detener la expansión del virus SARS-CoV-2 en 2020 planteó importantes retos de diversa índole, entre los que destacan, además de los sanitarios, los sociales y comunicativos. El presente trabajo se centra en el punto en el que convergen los dos últimos ámbitos, para dar respuesta a un objetivo principal, conocer hasta qué punto las redes sociales online ayudaron a que las personas no se sintiesen solas y otro secundario, determinar si existe alguna relación entre dicha variable y la edad, sexo, red empleada con mayor frecuencia y frecuencia de interacción con cada tipo de contacto. Para ello, se empleó la metodología cuantitativa, concretamente la técnica de encuesta en su modalidad online, analizando la submuestra referida a las personas usuarias de redes sociales online de la Encuesta sobre redes sociales online en la provincia de A Coruña 2022, submuestra que cuenta con 494 casos. La principal conclusión obtenida es que las dichas herramientas ayudaron a la población a no sentirse sola, de forma especial a los jóvenes, mujeres, usuarios/as frecuentes de Instagram y personas que utilizan las redes sociales online de forma activa, lo que generó importantes beneficios tanto a nivel individual, amortiguando el sentimiento de soledad, como a nivel colectivo, evitando la erosión del capital social.
FreiBox: A Versatile Open-Source Behavioral Setup for Investigating the Neuronal Correlates of Behavioral Flexibility via 1-Photon Imaging in Freely Moving Mice
Authors: De La Crompe Brice , Schneck Megan , Steenbergen Florian , Schneider Artur , Diester Ilka
Published: April 2023

To survive in a complex and changing environment, animals must adapt their behavior. This ability is called behavioral flexibility and is classically evaluated by a reversal learning paradigm. During such a paradigm, the animals adapt their behavior according to a change of the reward contingencies. To study these complex cognitive functions (from outcome evaluation to motor adaptation), we developed a versatile, low-cost, open-source platform, allowing us to investigate the neuronal correlates of behavioral flexibility with 1-photon calcium imaging. This platform consists of FreiBox, a novel low-cost Arduino behavioral setup, as well as further open-source tools, which we developed and integrated into our framework. FreiBox is controlled by a custom Python interface and integrates a new licking sensor (strain gauge lickometer) for controlling spatial licking behavioral tasks. In addition to allowing both discriminative and serial reversal learning, the Arduino can track mouse licking behavior in real time to control task events in a submillisecond timescale. To complete our setup, we also developed and validated an affordable commutator, which is crucial for recording calcium imaging with the Miniscope V4 in freely moving mice. Further, we demonstrated that FreiBox can be associated with 1-photon imaging and other open-source initiatives (e.g., Open Ephys) to form a versatile platform for exploring the neuronal substrates of licking-based behavioral flexibility in mice. The combination of the FreiBox behavioral setup and our low-cost commutator represents a highly competitive and complementary addition to the recently emerging battery of open-source initiatives.
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM TERHADAP KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM KASUS LUMPUR LAPINDO MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 (UU CIPTAKER)
Authors: Rosadi Zega Yuliana Silvy
Published: April 2023

The narrative about the establishment of Law No. 11 of 2020 has been realized through the ratification of The Job Creation Act on November 2, 2020 by President Jokowidodo. The establishment of The Job Creation Act aims to harmonize legislation that has been considered to hinder the investment and development climate. The number of related legislation causes hipper-regulation regulations so it may be ineffective. The existence of The Job Creation Act combines several instruments of law. One of them is the Law of Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH) which was originally regulated in Law No.32 of 2009. As for the substance of environmental issues in The Job Creation Act, some of them have been changed, revoked, and replaced with a new provisions, including provisions on the concept of responsibility in environmental law which known as strict liability. The author takes the description of the case of Lapindo Mud which is the case has not been completed until now as an example of the validity of strict liability principles for businesses whose activities cause environmental damage. This research is a normative juridical research with a statue and case approach. The data used is secondary data. The results showed that the concept of strict liability in The Job of Creation Act experienced a dis-orientation of meaning due to the removal of the phrase "without proof of the element of error". Under The Job of Creation Act, in the case of Lapindo Mud, the party subject to have strict liability is Lapindo Brantas Inc. and the government in this case are also responsible for the disaster, but do not assume to the strict liability.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMEGANG SERTIPIKAT TANAH PENGGANTI KARENA HILANG
Authors: Maulani Lenny Maulani
Published: April 2023

A certificate of land rights is a proof of right that is very strong. With the issuance of a certificate, a person can easily prove that he is the holder of land rights. But what if the certificate is lost. In such circumstances it is possible to issue a replacement certificate. We will discuss how the procedure for issuing a replacement certificate for lost replacement certificate and legal protection for the holder of a lost replacement certificate. The research method used in this journal is a normative juridical research method or a statutory approach. The results of this research, if the certificate is lost, can apply for a replacement certificate to the local Regency / City Land Office in accordance with the applicable procedure. Legal protection for replacement certificate holders is the same as for first-time registration certificates. Because after the issuance of the replacement certificate, the lost certificate is canceled. So that the lost certificate is no longer valid.

Keywords: Legal Protection, Substitute Certificate, Land Certificate
Implementation of New Energy and Renewable Energy Policy in the Context of National Energy Security
Authors: Adellea Alitsha Jasmine
Published: April 2023

Energy sovereignty in Indonesia is experiencing problems with a decline in national energy security. Indonesia's energy system is currently facing serious challenges. The imbalance in the condition of energy supplies with national energy needs, especially the oil and gas sector and efforts to fulfill national energy needs in a sustainable manner are the main problems of this nation in the energy sector. It is absolutely necessary to have strategic efforts in the field of creating new and renewable energy. Although the government has issued various policies to catch up, but to realize national energy security, it is necessary to urgently regulate the development of renewable energy as a form of supporting national energy security.
Assessment of Frequency on Railway Sleeper by Field Measurements and Static Analysis
Authors: Kusumawardani Rini , Kusbiantoro Arief , Ermansyah Naufal Maulana , Andiyarto Hanggoro Tri Cahyo
Published: April 2023

The train is a mode of mass transportation that is fast, efficient, and relatively affordable. To support the high demand for this mode of transportation, adequate infrastructure is also needed. The condition of this infrastructure must always be monitored so that the level of security and safety of rail transportation modes can always be in optimal conditions. One important component that requires regular attention and maintenance is the railway sleepers. In this paper, a finite element (FE) model was made of railway sleepers using ANSYS software. From the analysis on the FE model, it can be explored that the deformation and stress that occurs in the railway due to loading. In this study, vibration tests were also carried out on railway based on several types of passing trains. It aims to determine the frequency value based on the type of passing train. This research is the initial stage of a series of studies on structural health monitoring procedures on railroads.
Modeling The Generation And Attractiveness Of Passenger Demand Trips On The Madiun-Slahung Railway Reactivation Line
Authors: Leliana Arinda , Imron Nanda Ahda , Handoko Handoko , Puspitasari Armyta , Oktaviastuti Blima
Published: April 2023

The reactivation plan of the Madiun-Slahung railway line in the National Railway Master Plan is the main program for the development of the railway network and service stage IV in 2026-2030, therefore it is necessary to conduct research on the demand for traction and generation as well as passenger interest in the future Madiun- This shelters are reactivated. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion of the calculation of the Madiun-Slahung area, it can be concluded that the model of the reactivation area of the Madiun-Slahung railway covers 7 districts, consisting of 45 sub-districts/villages. The method used is a household survey (Household Interview) which is intended to produce data on travel patterns and characteristics that affect the trip. The number of trip generation occurs in the range of numbers 6939-22594 motorbikes/hour for trip production and 1123-52265 motorbikes/hour for trip attraction, where zone 2, Kartoharjo sub-district has the largest number of trip production and zone 4, Ponorogo sub-district has the largest number of trip attractions. This is due to the high population, number of vehicle ownership and the strength of attraction due to the large number of shops and campuses and schools in the zone. The largest travel distribution value occurs in zone 4, because the zone is land use for shops, offices, campuses and schools.
Behaviour of Axial Bearing Pile under Liquefaction Condition Based on Empirical and 3D Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zakariya Ali , Rifa’i Ahmad , Ismanti Sito
Published: April 2023

The liquefaction phenomenon affects to bearing capacity losses of building foundations. When liquefaction occurs in loose sandy soils, the pore water pressure increases, and the effective soil stress decreases significantly. This study deals with the bored pile foundation of Kretek 2 bridge, which is located in an area with high vulnerability to liquefaction. The study aimed to estimate the axial load-bearing capacity of the foundation of Kretek 2 bridge under liquefaction conditions. This study compares the results of calculations using empirical approaches with 3D numerical simulation modeling using MIDAS GTS NX. The results of the empirical calculations show a reduction in the axial bearing capacity of the foundation under liquefaction conditions of 2.88-8.16% and 2.63-7.23% for the approach of Reese and Wright 1977 and O’Neill and Reese 1989, respectively. While using 3D numerical modeling, although there was a decrease in skin resistance, there was no significant decrease in the total bearing capacity, and it was still above the design load (3632.563456.02 kN). Based on these results, the bearing capacity of the installed Kretek 2 Bridge foundation is still capable of receiving loads during static and liquefaction states.
Risk Assessment of Fire Hazards in Semarang City Residential Areas
Authors: Hari Murti Raditya , Wijaya Hendra Adi , Widuri Indira Laksmi , Abda Julmadian , Sophianingrum Mada , Islami Muhammad Rizki , Febriyanto Ahady Farrel , Drestanta Eduardo Erlangga
Published: April 2023

Based on data from the Semarang City Fire Department in 2013-2016, 1028 fire incidents took place in Semarang City. This incidence reached its highest in 2015 with 399 cases of fire which caused material losses of up to IDR 398.3 billion. Based on these figures, Semarang City possesses the highest incidence rate of fire cases in Central Java Province. However, studies on the risk and mitigation of fire hazard disasters in Semarang City still need to be carried out. This study aims to identify fire risks, to mitigate the disaster’s hazards in Semarang City, and to provide recommendations for arranging relevant buildings and the environment. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, in which interviews are conducted with key persons, with the utilization of GIS analysis to assess the risk of fire. The results of this study exhibit that in Semarang City, 14 villages have a high level of fire hazard risk, one of which is Rejosari Village which has the highest level of fire risk. This occurred mainly because historically, there have been many fire incidents in this area and even claiming several lives. The density of buildings and the difficulty of access further increase vulnerability in the case of fire. Nevertheless, the inhabitants still lack an understanding of this hazard. Accordingly, the fundamental mitigation to be carried out in Rejosari Village is to increase community comprehension and to consider the addition of fire protection and safety facilities, including hydrants, in densely populated buildings and areas, in order to reduce the risk of fire hazards.
Model of Base Saturation Flow to Improve Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual at Signalized Intersection
Authors: Irawati Iin , Munawar Achmad , Setiadji Bagus Hario
Published: April 2023

The intersection is a significant part of the urban traffic network. One of the problems of signalized intersections is the results of an analysis that do not match the field. For the analysis of signalized border crossings in 1997 Indonesia, the Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual, a product of the 1994 data processing, was used. Traffic conditions in 1994 were, of course, different from traffic conditions today. Given the significant changes related to traffic, such as increases in the number of vehicles, land use, behavior, road geometry, and technical complexity, the 1997 IHCM  needed to be improved according to the current situation. One quantity in IHCM is base saturation flow or So, which is an essential parameter in signalized intersection analysis. Base saturation flow (So) in 1997 IHCM   is 600 x We. After modeling and chi-variance test of ρ value ˂0.05 in the range 675 x We to 1000 x We^85, the result is So, which is the result of the queue length approximation field is 1000 x We.
The Predictive Value of Cystatin C for AKI in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Magomedaliev M. O. , Korabelnikov D. I. , Khoroshilov S. E.
Published: April 2023

Objective. To evaluate a potential of cystatin C blood concentration to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with a COVID-19.

Materials and methods. An observational prospective study of 117 patients with severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with a COVID-19 in an ICU setting was conducted in 2020-2022 (site: multi-functional Medical Center, 1586 Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, Moscow Region, Russia). Routine laboratory tests and instrumental examinations were performed according to generally accepted protocols. Cystatin C concentrations in blood (s-CysC) and urine (u-CysC) were measured by immunoturbidimetric method.

Results. AKI was diagnosed in 21 (17.9%) patients, kidney dysfunction without AKI was found in 22 (18.8%) patients with severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. s-CysC and u-CysC levels in the group of patients with AKI were statistically significantly higher compared to the levels in the group of patients without AKI. The levels of s-CysC obtained within Day 1 — T (-1), and Day 2 — T (-2) prior to AKI onset turned out to be the independent factors for AKI development in patients with severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19: OR 5.37, Wald chisquare 5.534 (CI: 1.324; 21.788); P=0.019 and OR 3.225, Wald chi-square 4.121 (CI: 1.041; 9.989); P=0.042, respectively. s-CysC T (-2) value is informative, and s- CysC T (-1) is a highly informative predictor of AKI development in severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19: ROC AUC 0.853 (95% CI, 0.74-0.966), P<0.001) with 90% sensitivity and 73% specificity at a cut-off of 1.67 mg/L, and ROC AUC 0.905 (95% CI, 0.837-0.973), P<0.001) with 90% sensitivity and 73% specificity at a cut-off of 1.69 mg/l, respectively. Serum CysC levels started increasing 3 days prior to AKI onset, outpacing the increase of SCr levels. The u-CysC levels were not predictive of AKI development. Impaired renal function probability was increasing with patients' age (P<0.0001).

Conclusions. Serum CysC seems to be a statistically significant predictor of AKI. s-CysC levels started increasing 3 days prior to AKI onset, surpassing the increase of SCr levels in patients with severe and extremely severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Urine CysC did not achieve statistical significance as a predictor for AKI, although u-CysC concentrations were significantly higher on days 3, 2, 1 prior to AKI onset and on the day of AKI onset in the group of patients with AKI.
The Effect of Xenon on the Activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-Зβ in the Perifocal Zone of Ischemic Cerebral Infarction (Experimental Study)
Authors: Ershov A. V. , Krukov I. A. , Antonova V. V. , Baeva A. A.
Published: April 2023

Aim of the study. To determine the effects of xenon exposure at a dose of 0.5 MAC of different duration on the content and enzyme-inactivating phosphorylation of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in the perifocal zone of ischemic cerebral infarction in an experimental setting.

Materials and methods. The Long method was used for modelling brain ischemia/reperfusion in 39 rats weighing 300-350 g. Study group animals was exposed to xenon at a dose of 0.5 MAC during 30, 60 and 120 minutes whereas control group animals received an oxygen-air mixture. Sham-operated animals served as a comparison group. The levels of GSK3β and phospho-GSK3β in brain homogenates were determined by blotting using specific antibodies.

Results. In ischemic stroke model, the content of GSK3β did not significantly change in control animals compared to comparison group. However, control group animals exhibited significant (2.7-fold, P<0.001) decrease in the content of its phospho-GSK3β in the perifocal zone of ischemic cerebral infarction. Inhalation of 0.5 MAC xenon during 30 minutes did not lead to an increase in phosphorylation of the GSK3β enzyme (P=0.9), however, 60 and 120 minutes of 0.5 MAC xenon exposures resulted in the increase in phosphorylated form of the enzyme by a factor of 2.1 (P=0.005) and 2.3 (P=0.001), respectively, compared to the control group.

Conclusion. The results reveal a possible molecular mechanism (i. e., execution of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of xenon due to GSK-Зβ inactivation) and show the prospects for using 60 and 120 minutes of 0.5 MAC xenon exposures in ischemic brain damage after a stroke, traumatic brain injury and other brain lesions.
Methods of Extracorporeal Hemocorrection in Sepsis (Review)
Authors: Kovzel V. A. , Davydova L. A. , Karzin A. V. , Tsarenko S. V. , Baturova V. Yu. , Polupan A. A. , Gutnikov A. I.
Published: April 2023

Sepsis and septic shock remain a major problem in critical care medicine being the most common causes of death in the intensive care unit. Currently, such methods of extracorporeal blood purification as hemodiafiltration, high-volume hemofiltration, high cut-off (HCO) membrane hemofiltration are among preferable options for treatment of severe systemic disorders and pathological conditions including sepsis.

The purpose of the review is to show the potentialities and prospects of the use of various extracorporeal hemocorrection methods, including those that are commonly employed in medical practice, and novel ones, either recently developed, or still under the development in experimental settings according to sepsis patho-physiology. The selected 82 papers represent comprehensible clinical and experimental data from the literature of the last five years and several earlier publications remained of current interest in a medical practice.

The review presents current methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection (EHC) in patients with sepsis. The clinical pathophysiology of sepsis is described in relation to treatment options that target endotoxemia and «cytokine storm». We consider commonly used EHC methods (hemodiafiltration, high-volume hemofiltration, high cut-off membrane hemofiltration and others) and novel promising technologies that include extracorporeal kidney support device, immune support system, leukocyte inhibition module, and artificial spleen, which have been recently developed and are still under investigation in the intensive care.

Conclusion. Currently, EHC methods are increasingly used not only to support renal function, but also as pathogenetic therapy option for multiple organ support and immunomodulation by reducing the level of cir-culating inflammatory mediators. Exploration of novel extracorporeal blood purification techniques for the pathogenetic treatment of patients with sepsis seems encouraging and promising.
Methodical Approach to fMRI Assessment of Motor Connectome in Patients After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Stern M. V. , Sharova E. V. , Zhavoronkova L. A. , Dolgikh V. T. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Pronin I. N.
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study. To identify alterations of motor connectome in patients with varying degrees of hemi-paresis after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus healthy volunteers.

Material and methods. The study included 29 patients with TBI aged 18 to 35 years and 23 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 32 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging study. Motor impairment was evaluated via muscle strength assessment using a five-score scale. The fMRI data were processed using a dedicated CONN software package. Anatomical 3-D connection masks of the whole brain motor functional system in the predetermined regions of interest (ROIs) were used for the assessment. Then the group indicators of functional connectivity (statistical significance of the connection) were computed.

Results. It was established that the structure of connections in healthy individuals performing active movement with the right (leading) hand is determined by formation of focus in the cortical and subcortical ROIs in the contralateral hemisphere. With passive movement of the right hand the pale ball becomes functionally active in addition to the activated areas. The striopallidar system structures became active on both sides, and connectivity with the additional motor cortex and the motor cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere emerged as the paresis increased during active movement. The focus of motor activity during passive movement was determined in the motor cortex and putamen, which makes it possible to use a passive test in patients with gross motor disorders or unconsciousness for a full assessment of the entire structural and functional brain connectome.

Conclusion. As hemiparesis increased in patients after severe traumatic brain injury, a decrease in the total number of connection appeared; simultaneous engagement of ancient primordial structures, such as bilateral activation of pale globes, demonstrated neuroplasticity.
Taphonomy and Fish Bones from an Enslaved African American Context at Poplar Forest, Virginia, USA
Authors: Klippel Walter E. , Synstelien Jennifer A. , Heath Barbara J.
Published: April 2023

Se identifican restos faunísticos en el subsuelo de una fosa en Poplar Forest, Virginia, EE.UU. Un programa de recuperación exhaustivo ha permitido recuperar más de 35,000 huesos y dientes, en su mayoría alterados, en apenas un tercio de metro cúbico de relleno. Los restos de pescado, procedentes de la época de esclavitud previa a la Guerra Civil Americana, fueron analizados con especial énfasis en los aspectos tafonómicos. Los depósitos de relleno, con pH superiores 7.0, posibilitaron una excelente conservación de los restos óseos, que permitió detectar huesos de pescado roídos por ratones (Mus musculus) y ratas comensales (Rattus sp.). Estas piezas hubieran pasado desapercibidas en colecciones con peor estado de conservación. El gran número de mordiscos en los restos de pescado arqueológico, así como datos de experimentos realizados con ratas silvestres, indican que una gran parte de la ictiofauna de Poplar Forest pudo haber sido consumida por roedores. Los cálculos de las relaciones alométricas entre las tallas de los huesos y de los peces vivos, evidencian que pequeñas caballas (Scomber scombrus), y arenques (Clupea harengus) algo mayores sirvieron de alimento a los esclavos. Es más probable que los esclavos hayan pescado el pequeño bagre de agua dulce y los pececillos que podrían encontrarse en los arroyos de los alrededores.
Urban-Rural Integration at Ancient Sagalassos (SW Turkey). Archaeological, Archaeozoological and Geochemical Evidence
Authors: Vanhaverbeke Hannelore , Degryse Patrick , De Cupere Bea , Van Neer Wim , Waelkens Marc , Muchez Philippe
Published: April 2023

Datos arqueozoológicos y arqueológicos del yacimiento de Sagalassos (Turquía sudoccidental) se combinan con otros procedentes de análisis geoquímicos de elementos traza en los huesos animales para documentar la relación cambiante entre la urbe y el ámbito rural desde el I al vII siglo AD. Estos datos evidencian que durante el periodo imperial temprano y medio 25 BC-300 AD los requisitos de aprovisionamiento de la ciudad se fundamentaban mayoritariamente en la capacidad productora de su entorno más inmediato, una zona altamente contaminada, por lo que los habitantes de Sagalassos hacían poco uso del entorno rural. Durante el periodo Romano Tardío 300-400 AD se reforzó la integración entre la ciudad y su entorno rural y es, en este momento, cuando más productos rurales parecen haber alcanzado Sagalassos. En este último periodo los restos animales presentan un contenido significativo inferior de metales por lo que deben haberse originado en cabañas que se mantenían alejadas de la zona de contaminación intensa. Al mismo tiempo la densidad de ocupación del campo alcanzó entonces su clímax. En el periodo Bizantino Temprano (450-700 AD) los habitantes parecen haber retornado a la situación documentada en el período Imperial Temprano y Medio siendo entonces mantenidos por la explotación de las tierras más próximas a la ciudad.
Decálogo de las Competencias Profesionales del Inspector de Educación
Authors: Soler Fiérrez Eduardo
Published: April 2023

En este artículo se fijan las competencias profesionales de los inspectores, imprescindibles para que el trabajo que realizan se ajuste a las funciones que tienen atribuidas y redunde a favor de la calidad de la educación que se imparte en los centros de enseñanza que están bajo su supervisión. Se distingue entre competencias generales, cuya necesidad comparten con otras muchas profesiones y competencias específicas, privativas de la función inspectora, que definen el perfil profesional que deben poseer los que tienen como misión velar porque la educación se mantenga en unos parámetros aceptables. Con estas competencias se establece un decálogo que ayuda a comprender el alcance de esta profesión y facilita la elaboración de programas para la selección y formación permanente del personal inspector. También, a partir de este artículo, se puede profundizar en el estudio y la investigación de las competencias en él reseñadas con objeto de que todo pueda redundar en beneficio del desarrollo profesional de los inspectores de educación.
Facilitadores para la Inclusión: Claves para el Éxito Universitario
Authors: Moriña Anabel , Orozco Inmaculada
Published: April 2023

Este artículo explora, desde la voz del profesorado, las ayudas que pueden facilitar la participación y aprendizaje de todo el alumnado para contribuir a su permanencia y éxito en la universidad. Para la recogida de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 119 docentes de 10 universidades españolas y de todas las áreas de conocimiento. Los datos fueron analizados a través de un sistema de categorías y códigos inductivo. Seis facilitadores emergieron en este estudio: 1) los servicios y recursos ofrecidos por la universidad (oficinas de discapacidad, personal de administración o servicios y becas); 2) un perfil de profesorado profesional y personal caracterizado por su vocación y pasión, sensibilidad y empatía; 3) un profesorado informado y formado; 4) un currículum universal, accesible y flexible; 5) compañeros de clase como apoyo fundamental; y 6) entidades externas, como asociaciones o voluntariado que contribuyeron a la inclusión. Las ayudas que se describen en este trabajo pueden ser palancas para transformar las aulas y las universidades. En este estudio se concluye que es tiempo de pasar de los ideales y recomendaciones a los hechos, transformando las políticas, culturas y prácticas universitarias para que estas sean inclusivas.
Surface characterization of paper products by profilometry with a fractal dimension analysis
Authors: Lee Yong Ju , Ko Young Chan , Moon Byoung Geun , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: April 2023

A surface profilometry technique was used to characterize the surfaces of paper products. A stylus-contact type profilometer capable of simultaneously generating both surface roughness- and friction-profiles was used. As a stylus for the profilometer, a conical shape whose tip was rounded to have a 0.5 mm curvature radius was designed and successfully employed in both printing & writing (P&W) papers and hygiene papers such as bathroom tissues and kitchen towel. From the profiles, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from the averages, i.e., R-MAD from the roughness average and F-MAD from the average coefficient of friction, were suggested as the new surface characterization parameters. To elucidate the surface roughness profiles by fractal dimension analysis, the variogram method was applied to get the fractal dimensions of the paper products. Generally, the value of the fractal dimension increased as the surface roughness increased. The surface profilometry technique with the fractal dimension analysis with the variogram method looks promising to gain additional insight on the surface characteristics of paper products.
Transparent nanopaper from nanofibrillated bamboo pulp
Authors: Liu Xuran , Wang Hongkun , Wu Min , Huang Yong
Published: April 2023

Bamboo pulp was used to produce modified cellulose nanofiber (M-CNF) with 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate through a one-step mechano-chemical method by ball milling. The structural variations of bamboo cellulose with different degrees of substitution (DS) for hydroxyl groups were studied by FTIR, XRD, TEM, AFM, and elemental analysis. The DS was as high as 0.88 after just 2 h of ball milling, and the diameter of M-CNF was 2 to 3 nm after just 1 h of ball milling. The modified nanocellulose was hydrophobic, with a water contact angle as high as 87°. The nanopaper made from the nanocellulose by vacuum filtration was transparent, with an optical transparence up to 88.8% at 550 nm. However, the transmittance of the modified nanopaper decreased to nearly 0 over the wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm. This nanopaper can be used as flexible optoelectronic material, packing material, or ultraviolet shielding material.
Aqueous-phase hydrogenation of α-pinene to cis-pinane using an amphiphilic Ni-based catalyst
Authors: Bao Ming-Hao , Yu Feng-Li , Yuan Bing , Xie Cong-Xia , Yu Shi-Tao
Published: April 2023

Alpha-pinene is an important forest chemical resource, and the cis-pinane obtained by its hydrogenation reaction is used in spices, medicine, and other industries. A hollow nanospheric material with amphiphilic properties in a two-sided structure was prepared, with a nitrogen-doped carbon layer towards the inside and mesoporous silica in the outer layer of the nanospheres. The amphiphilic catalyst with non-precious nickel as the active component was synthesized by loading nickel onto the nanospheres using a simple impregnation method and applied to the aqueous phase hydrogenation reaction of α-pinene. The mesoporous structure of the catalyst shortened the mass transfer distance and thus reduced the mass transfer resistance. The nitrogen atoms doped in the carbon matrix provided anchor points for stabilizing the metal nanoparticles; the hydrophilic outer surface and hydrophobic hollow cavity enabled the catalyst to be well dispersed in water while still enriching the organic matter in aqueous solution. The effect of various reaction conditions on the catalytic reaction was investigated. The catalysts showed excellent activity and good stability, suggesting a new green and efficient method for more effective exploitation of biomass pine resin resources, and providing a reference for expanding the application of non-precious metal catalysts.
Analysis of repeated computed tomography scans and cumulative effective dose of patients in a hospital
Authors: Milani Ana Luiza , Alves Allan Felipe Fattori , Alvarez Matheus , Souza Samara Pavan , Marques Túlio Guilherme Soares , Silva Marcos Aureliano Araujo , Trindade Filho José Carlos Souza , Pina Diana Rodrigues
Published: April 2023

Computed tomography exams are considered diagnostic imaging exams that generate significant radiation dose to the patient. Justification, optimization, and dose limitation are radiological protection principles used to minimize patient and staff exposure, ensuring the quality of the service provided. The objective of this study was to analyze CT scan data, analyzing the number of exams, the patients' effective cumulated dose, and the repeatability of the exams. The study data covers the 2013 to 2022 period during which a progressive increase was observed in the number of exams performed over time, with exams doubling in this period. The most used Computed Tomography protocols were brain/skull (27.4%), pelvis (17.3%), and abdomen (13.7%) during the study period. Approximately 76.3% of patients have a cumulative dose of less than 25 mSv, while about 1% accumulated more than 100 mSv. The repeatability of CT scans for the same patient over a short period varies, reaching until 17 scans in 30 days for a single patient. The results indicated a necessity to develop strategies for individual dose management methods for the institution’s internal practices. An intervention could be implemented by creating periodically updated handouts and guidelines based on professionals' knowledge.
Symbiotic interaction between a mixture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and different soybean cultivars
Authors: Krutylo D.
Published: April 2023

Aim. To study the mutual relations between different soybean cultivars and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains
after mixed inoculation, to evaluate the impact of the introduced microorganisms on the local rhizobial communities
in soil, the formation and functioning symbiotic systems, and productivity of soybean. Methods. Microbiological and
serological methods; field experiment, gas chromatography and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. A small-
plot field experiment demonstrated that the use of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and B. japonicum КВ11 strains pro-
moted a more even distribution of the local and introduced rhizobia in the nodule populations of 12 soybean cultivars
of different geographic origin. There was no domination of particular strains in the nodules, and the symbiotic systems
formed were more balanced than the control without inoculation. After inoculation of the above-mentioned mixture,
in most cultivars there was a considerable increase in the number of nodules (10–45 % more) and their mass (11–86
% increase). There was also an increase in the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 1.2–4.2 times and an increase
in the weight of grain per plant by 6–29 % (depending on the cultivar). The efficiency of a mixture of B. japonicum 46
and КВ11 strains in a preparation Rizogumin was confirmed in extensive field trials with soybean on an area of about
60 thousand ha in different regions of Ukraine. In the background of the local populations of the soybean nodulating
bacteria in the areas, the application of the formulated mixture of the two rhizobia strains ensured a stable increase by
15–33 % in the soybean yield as compared with the control without the inoculation. Conclusions. A novel approach
was investigated, which lies in the application of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 (genetic group USDA 6) and B. japoni-
cum КВ11 (genetic group USDA 123) strains for different soybean cultivars inoculation. Combining these two strains
and their introduction into agrocenoses ensured the formation of a balanced symbiotic systems (without clear domina-
tion of some strains in the nodules). This was expressed in an intensified nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and
increased yield of different cultivars of soybeans by 15–33 % as compared to the control (without inoculation).
THE GEOECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE UKRAINE WAR
Authors: ALONSO-TRABANCO José Miguel
Published: April 2023

This article examines in-depth the Ukraine War as a conflict that, aside from its kinetic dimension in traditional battlefields, also involves a confrontation between Western powers and the Russian Federation in the geoeconomic chessboard. In this unconventional theatre of engagement, all sorts of economic instruments, assets, resources and capabilities are being weaponised — on an unprecedented scale — as vectors of power projection. In order to clarify this complex subject matter, it starts by identifying the various elements that make the control of Ukraine worth fighting for from a geoeconomic perspective, including its infrastructure, promising economic potential, strategic position for international economic exchanges and deposits of raw materials. The following subsection explains the rationale and the details of the punitive measures implemented by the so-called “collective West” against Russia as nonmilitary response to the invasion of Ukraine. Next, it examines the myriad of Moscow’s actual and potential asymmetric countermeasures. In turn, the corresponding conclusions summarise the instructive lessons that can be drawn from this ongoing episode about the contemporary significance and dynamics of economic warfare. As a corollary, it argues that the eventual fate of a post-war Ukraine might be, to a certain extent, shaped by the influence of geoeconomic realities.
НАЦІОНАЛЬНО УКОРІНЕНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ЛОКАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДЬ НА ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ГЕОЕКОНОМІЧНІ ЗРУШЕННЯ
Authors: ГРИЦЕНКО Андрій
Published: April 2023

Розкрито логіко-історичну обумовленість і зміст національного укорінення економічного розвитку як локальної відповіді на глобальні економічні зрушення. З’ясовано, що перехід від індустріально-ринкової до інформаційно-мережевої економіки, який відбувається нині, закономірно призводить до посилення нерівномірності соціально-економічного розвитку, загострює його суперечності, породжує конфлікти і війни. На цій основі формується гібридна система «мир-війна», яка закономірно продукує дестабілізаційні впливи і посилює невизначеність економічної динаміки. Показано, що структура тотальної невизначеності включає екзистанціональну, просторову, часову, якісну, кількісну і мірну складові. У таких умовах виникає необхідність для забезпечення стійкості й безпеки економічного розвитку піклуватися про його національне укорінення шляхом формування розгалуженої системи ланцюгів створення доданої вартості на основі використання вітчизняного науково-технічного потенціалу і переробки національних сировинних ресурсів, на які достатньо багата Україна. Запропоновано кількісний критерій національної укоріненості економічного розвитку, яким може слугувати частка доданої вартості національного походження, створеної на основі використання національних ресурсів, у загальній вартості спожитих кінцевих продуктів. Зроблено висновок, що післявоєнна реконструкція економіки України, яка відбуватиметься в принципово нових вихідних умовах, відкриває простір для використання стратегії національно укоріненого розвитку. Така стратегія не є ні ізоляціонізмом, ні протекціонізмом, а є поєднанням внутрішньої інклюзивності, яка спирається на мобілізацію всіх внутрішніх чинників, фізичного і соціального капіталу як джерел економічного зростання, і зовнішньої інклюзивності,  спрямованої на використання глобалізації для реалізації інтересів національного соціально-економічного розвитку.