bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Métodos históricos e arqueológicos para o estabelecimento da cronologia geral do Antigo Egito faraônico
Authors: Stella Thomas Henrique de Toledo
Published: August 2022

A cronologia geral do Antigo Egito faraônico é a espinha dorsal da Egiptologia. Este artigo apresenta os métodos históricos e arqueológicos empregados na sua construção. O Antigo Egito faraônico começa com a unificação do Alto e Baixo Egito por Narmer (ou Menes), há cerca de 5 mil anos AP e assim permanece até a conquista romana em 30 aEC. A composição da cronologia geral depende de fontes de épocas distintas para ao final ser unificada. Pela longa duração, cada época tem suas idiossincrasias. As fontes, de natureza escrita ou material, trazem problemas particulares, o que demanda a aplicação de métodos específicos. O artigo apresenta as seguintes fontes: Listas Reais (epigráficas e em papiros), arqueoastronômicas (registro de eventos e alinhamentos de templos), cartas diplomáticas, seriação de objetos, evolução das técnicas de construções e no uso de materiais, testes de termoluminescência, radiocarbono, dendrocronologia DNA e análise de camadas estratigráficas com cinzas vulcânicas, bem como sincronização à cronologia de outras civilizações. Depois, apresenta as cronologias gerais de Breasted (1905), Shaw (2000), Hornung et al. (2006) e Wilkinson (2010). Analisa os resultados das pesquisas por radiocarbono realizadas por Ramsey et al. (2010), que sugerem que a cronologia terá que ser empurrada algumas décadas para trás. Verifica críticas como as que Bruin (2010) e Bietak (2013) levantaram sobre tais resultados. Conclui que o debate está longe de ser fechado, entretanto, tem-se disponíveis possibilidades para o refino do detalhamento cronológico de cada época, com a aplicação dos métodos adequados. Por fim, as cronologias gerais agora disponíveis são mais confiáveis do que as que outrora foram utilizadas, mas mesmo elas precisarão ser revistas.
Morphological and molecular notes of Gypsophila pilulifera
Authors: ÜSTÜNER HATİCE , YAVUZ MUSTAFA , GÖKTÜRK RAMAZAN SÜLEYMAN , KAYA ERGUN , GALATALI SELİN
Published: August 2022

A detailed study of the Turkish endemic Gypsophila pilulifera were presented by both morphological and molecular investigations of several sites (each one divided in four biotopes). The characteristics were investigated using statistic analyses, i.e. t-Test and One-way ANOVA tests, as well as Discriminant analysis (á=0.05). Some differences were detected among the individuals in the locations stufied where the species was distributed in terms of morphological characteristics and obvious similarities/differences were determined among the biotopes as a result of the discriminant analysis. Morphological characterization was supported by molecular data. Four individuals from two different locations were analyzed by PCR using twenty-four ISSR primers. Analysis of PCR products on agarose gel yielded three primary reproductive band profiles, and the similarity frequencies calculated with the Jaccard coefficient were found to be among 0.229 and 0.769. In this context, according to the results, there was no difference in species, subspecies or variety level between individuals between the two locations. But the obtained molecular differences support the morphological differences. It is predicted that this may change towards speciation as ecological changes increase in the locations where the species is distributed.
A new species, Russula luteolamellata (Russulaceae, Russulales) from China
Authors: ZHOU HAO , Cheng Guiqiang , HOU CHENGLIN
Published: August 2022

A new species of Russula subgenus Brevipedum, Russula luteolamellata, is described from the Yanshan Mountains in northern China based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS and nrLSU-RPB2-mtSSU gene regions. Russula luteolamellata is characterized by the yellowish to pale orange pileus, white to yellowish lamella with a few rust-colored spots at the margin, a low density of warts on the basidiospores, and pileocystidia that turn gray in sulfovanillin. Detailed morphological and habitat comparisons of Chinese species in subgenus Brevipedum are given.
Preparation of Giant Quantum Dot-Liposome Complexes by the Asolectin Lipid and Theoretical Model for Stabilization of Nanoparticle Inside the Liposome
Authors: Kwak Jong Hyeok , Kim Sungho , Pak Hyuk Kyu , Sung Soon Ki , Kwak Jinsung , Lee Sang Weon , Kim Chang Hyeun , Kim Gyeong Rip
Published: August 2022

We prepare giant Quantum dot-Liposome Complexes (QLCs). Quantum dots (QDs) incorporated inside liposome above 10 μm. QLCs is made by using the electro-swelling method combined with spin coating techniques. Three types of PC lipids and asolectin lipid are used for QLCs with
HDA (hexadecylamine) coated QDs, which ranged from blue- (diameter ~2.1 nm) to red-emission (diameter ~5.0 nm). As expected, (blue- or) green-emission QDs (smaller than) comparable to the thickness of PC lipid bilayer (~4 nm) are successfully formed QLCs, but QDs bigger than that fail to reproduce.
This observation is well-consistent with those reported by Gopakumar et al. Surprisingly, all QDs irrespective of their size are, contrary to PC lipids, successfully loaded into asolectin lipid bilayer. In order to understand what makes different behaviors between PC and asolectin lipids on
QLC formation, we suggest a theoretical model based on a geometrical assumptions for deformed lipid bilayer surrounding QD. The main advantage of this model is that the critical size Rcr of QD radius can be decided without calculating elastic free energy. As a result, it
predicts that only QDs below the critical size (diameter ~3.0 nm) can be loaded in a typical PC-lipid, but all size of QDs can be incorporated into asolectin bilayer under the assumption of two different curvatures on deformed monolayer.
Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) with High miR-183-5p Expression on Ovarian Cancer Cells by Regulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3)
Authors: Li Peiyi , Gao Caifeng , Chen Zhiyun
Published: August 2022

Currently, the treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) is not satisfactory. The microRNAs may have an important function in tumor pathogenesis. miR-183-5p involves in several tumors. However, its effect on OC cells is unclear. The BMSCs could regulate the micro-environment of tumor and participate in tumor procession. In this study, effect of BMSCs with highly-expressed miR-183-5p on OC cells was assessed. The BMSCs with highly-expressed miR-183-5p was established and co-cultivated with OC cell line SKOV3 followed by measuring miR-183-5p level by PCR, STAT3 and ADAM9 expression by western blot. miR-183-5p level in OC cells was reduced and further decreased after co-culture with BMSCs along with enhance cell proliferation and upregulated STAT3 expression (P< 0.05). In addition, miR-183-5p level was increased in BMSCs with highly-expressed miR-183-5p and STAT3 expression was reduced along with restrained cell proliferation (P< 0.05). In conclusion, miR-183-5p in OC cells is downregulated and malignant biological behaviors of OC cells are restrained by BMSCs with highly-expressed miR-183-5p possibly through regulating the expression of STAT3.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC)-Derived miR-134 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Suo Jing , Gao Rong , Song Jiandong , Sa Rina , Xue Fengxia
Published: August 2022

The miRNA had been brand-new hot spot for study on pathogenesis of malignant tumor and seeking prevention strategy. The occurrence and development of tumor could be regulated by Gli1/Snail signaling pathway through Hedgehog channel. Our study intends to discuss the role of miRNA derived
from BMSC in HPV. The miR-134 derived from BMSC was analyzed through nano-particles and observed under fluorescence microscope along with analysis of miR-134 expression by RTPCR. The HPV rat model was established to analyze miR-134’s role in HPV metastasis in vivo. The level of
miR-134 in the staging of N2–N3 was lower than that in N0–N1 staging and lower in patients with metastatic cervical cancer tissue than patients without distant metastasis. Gli1 level could be targeted by miR-134. miR-134 inhibits HPV proliferation and migration by regulating the
Gli1/Snail channel through Hedgehog pathway. The inhibitory effect of miR-134 on HH signal pathway could be reversed by Gli1 overexpression. The rats’ EMT and HPV growth was significantly restrained by miR-134 through silencing of Gli1. In conclusion, the growth of HPV is restrained
by miR-134 derived from BMSC by regulating Gli1/Snail pathway through Hedgehog channel.
Kruppel-Like Factor (KLF6) Regulates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Induced by High Glucose Through Transcriptional Regulation of USP22 and the Downstream SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Hu Liping , Zhang Rui , Wu Jianhua , Feng Chao , Jiang Jingli
Published: August 2022

Oxidative stress and apoptosis play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR). KLF6 and its transcriptional regulator USP22 are abnormally expressed in DR, but the specific role and mechanism have not been reported. In this paper, we will discuss the specific roles and mechanisms of KLF6 and USP22 on oxidative stress and apoptosis in DR. In this study, RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of KLF6 and USP22 in ARPE-19 cells. Subsequently, after KLF6 was overexpressed and USP22 expression was inhibited by cell transfection, the oxidative stress and apoptosis related indexes were detected by CCK-8, ELISA, TUNEL and other techniques to explore the mechanism. In addition, we used luciferase and ChIP to detect the association between KLF6 and USP22. Finally, the expression of proteins related to the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway was detected by western blot. The results showed that silencing USP22 increased the activity, and inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress of ARPE-19 cells induced by high glucose (HG). KLF6 transcriptionally activates USP22. Overexpression of KLF6 reversed the protective effects of silencing USP22 on HG-induced ARPE-19 cells against apoptosis and antioxidant stress, which may be achieved by regulating the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. In conclusion, KLF6 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by high glucose through transcriptional regulation of USP22 and the downstream SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.
miR-29b Modulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Differentiation and Induces Nerve Repair in Diabetic Retina Rat Model
Authors: Tang Ping , Chen Chunmei , Huang Xionggao
Published: August 2022

microRNAs are involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study intends to analyze miR-29b’s role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation in DR rat models to induce nerve repair. BMSCs from DR rat models were cultured and transfected with miR-29b mimics and
inhibitors followed by measuring miR-29b level, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were treated with high glucose for 24 h, and BMSCs and si-miR-29b-BMSC were cocultured for 24 h, respectively followed by assessing cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory
cytokines by ELISA, MDA, SOD, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level by ELISA. MiR-29b was up-regulated in BMSCs of DR rats. miR-29b mimics significantly up-regulated miR-29b, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis (P <
0.05), which were reversed by miR-29b inhibitor (P < 0.05). Co-culture of BMSCs with si-miR-29b-BMSC promoted RGC proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and IL-6 secretion, decreased MDA, increased SOD, BDNF and CNTF expression (P < 0.05) with more significant changes in si-miR-29b-BMSC
group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, down-regulation of miR-29b promotes BMSCs proliferation in DR rat models, inhibits BMSCs apoptosis, and promotes the recovery of retinal ganglion cell function.
Protective Effect of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase (ROCK) Activated by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Bone Strength and Osteoblasts in Rats with Osteoporosis
Authors: Guo Songhua , Ai Fenfen , Li Yonggang
Published: August 2022

This study assesses BMSCs’ effect on bone strength and osteoblast activity in rats with osteoporosis. 40 SD female rats were assigned into normal (A) group, model (B) group, puerarin (C) group, and BMSCs (D) group followed by analysis of bone strength by small animal bone strength
analyzer and the expression of ROCK1 protein in tibia by immunohistochemistry. The bone strength of group B was lower than group A (P < 0.05), and higher in groups C and D than group B (P < 0.05) with further higher in group D than group C (P < 0.05). Group A
showed obvious mesh cancellous bone trabecular bone and continuity, compact structure, and group B cells appeared loose and irregular distribution, parts cancellous bone trabeculae decrease and part of the fracture, and arranged in sparse irregular distribution. The decrease of trabecular
bone in group C and D is not more obvious than group B and the morphology in group D got better improved than in group C. Group B showed lower proliferation of osteoblasts and ALP activity than group A (P < 0.05) and the proliferation and ALP activity in groups C and D was increased
significantly compared with group B (P < 0.05). ROCK1 expression was significantly lower in group B than group A (P < 0.05) higher in groups C and D than group B (P < 0.05). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can effectively increase the bone strength
and activity of osteoblasts in rats with osteoporosis, and promote the activation of ROCK signal.
Application of Central Composite Design-Based Response Surface Methodology in Optimization of the Preparation Process of Sanguinarine Chitosan Microspheres
Authors: Li Chunmei , Ji Yubin , Li Wenlan
Published: August 2022

We designed the present experiment to prepare the sanguinarine chitosan microspheres. First, using the chitosan as a carrier, we prepared sanguinarine microspheres by emulsion cross-linking method, and determined the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of sanguinarine microspheres
by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, taking the particle size as the evaluation indicator, we optimized the preparation process by the central composite design-based response surface methodology (CCD-based RSM). Finally, we performed in vitro release test to examine
the cumulative release of sanguinarine microspheres. As a result, the optimal process conditions: 0.06 g for sanguinarine dosage, 0.07 g for chitosan dosage, 2% for acetic acid concentration, 3:10 for volume ratio of oil to water, 40 °C for emulsion cross-linking temperature, 500 r/min
for rotation speed, and 5% for emulsifier dosage. Under such conditions, the sanguinarine microspheres had round shape, the average particle size was (8.14±0.13) μm, the particle size distribution was 2–20 μm, the drug loading was (4.58±0.93)%, and the
encapsulation efficiency was (54.64±0.39)%, the cumulative release within 24 h was (78.34±1.08)%. In conclusion, we successfully prepared the sanguinarine chitosan microspheres, and they have excellent morphology, suitable particle size, and good sustained-release effect.
Detection of Bow Echoes in Kilometer-Scale Forecasts Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mounier Arnaud , Raynaud Laure , Rottner Lucie , Plu Matthieu , Arbogast Philippe , Kreitz Michaël , Mignan Léo , Touzé Benoît
Published: August 2022

Bow echoes (BEs) are bow-shaped lines of convective cells that are often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. This paper describes a convolutional neural network (CNN) able to detect BEs directly from French kilometer-scale model outputs in order to facilitate and accelerate the operational forecasting of BEs. The detections are only based on the maximum pseudoreflectivity field predictor (“pseudo” because it is expressed in mm h−1 and not in dBZ). A preprocessing of the training database is carried out in order to reduce imbalance issues between the two classes (inside or outside bow echoes). A CNN sensitivity analysis against a set of hyperparameters is done. The selected CNN configuration has a hit rate of 86% and a false alarm rate of 39%. The strengths and weaknesses of this CNN are then emphasized with an object-oriented evaluation. The BE largest pseudoreflectivities are correctly detected by the CNN, which tends to underestimate the size of BEs. Detected BE objects have wind gusts similar to the hand-labeled BE. Most of the time, false alarm objects and missed objects are rather small (e.g., <1500 km2). Based on a cooperation with forecasters, synthesis plots are proposed that summarize the BE detections in French kilometer-scale models. A subjective evaluation of the CNN performances is also reported. The overall positive feedback from forecasters is in good agreement with the object-oriented evaluation. Forecasters perceive these products as relevant and potentially useful to handle the large amount of available data from numerical weather prediction models.
The Demise of the Knowledge–Action Gap in Climate Change Education
Authors: Mooney Margaret E. , Middlecamp Cathy , Martin Jonathan , Ackerman Steve A.
Published: August 2022

Advances in science literacy documented in an undergraduate course on Climate and Climate Change at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (UW) in 2020 raised the question: Does the new climate knowledge translate into behavior change? Traditionally a “knowledge–action gap” has undermined educators’ efforts to galvanize actions toward mitigating climate change. Through a survey focused on carbon footprint and civic engagement and testimonials gleaned from students’ capstone elevator speeches, this study presents an encouraging update on young adults’ response to the climate crisis. By comparing responses to a similar survey distributed to UW students in another undergraduate course in 2021, we show that the course focused on ­Climate and Climate Change motivated behavior modifications that lighten the carbon footprint to a greater degree than a traditional introductory meteorology course.
Improving the Forecast Performance of the DSAEF_LTP Model by Incorporating TC Translation Speed Similarity
Authors: Jia Li , Ren Fumin , Ding Chenchen , Wang Mingyang
Published: August 2022

The Dynamical–Statistical–Analog Ensemble Forecast model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP) was developed as a supplementary method to numerical weather prediction (NWP). A successful strategy for improving the forecasting skill of the DSAEF_LTP model is to include as many relevant variables as possible in the generalized initial value (GIV) of this model. In this study, a new variable, TC translation speed, is incorporated into the DSAEF_LTP model, producing a new version of this model named DSAEF_LTP-4. Then, the best scheme of the model for South China is obtained by applying this model to the forecast of the accumulated rainfall of 13 landfalling tropical cyclones (LTCs) that occurred over South China during 2012–14. In addition, the forecast performance of the best scheme is estimated by forecast experiments with eight LTCs in 2015–16 over South China, and then compared to that of the other versions of the DSAEF_LTP model and three NWP models (i.e., ECMWF, GFS, and T639). Results show further the improved performance of the DSAEF_LTP-4 model in simulating precipitation of ≥250 and ≥100 mm. However, the forecast performance of DSAEF_LTP-4 is less satisfactory than DSAEF_LTP-2. This is mainly because of a large proportion of TCs with anomalous tracks and more sensitivity to the characteristics of experiment samples of DSAEF_LTP-4. Of significance is that the DSAEF_LTP model performs better than three NWP models for LTCs with typical tracks.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the Dynamical–Statistical–Analog Ensemble Forecast model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP) model by incorporating typhoon translation speed similarity. Compared with the dynamical models, which are more prone to misses, the DSAEF_LTP model is more prone to false alarms. The superiority of the DSAEF_LTP model shows especially in predicting the precipitation of TCs with typical tracks.
Historical Review and Modern Case of Spontaneous Laryngeal Abscess
Authors: Rohlfing Matthew L , Kan Krystal , Tierney William S , Plocienniczak Michal J , Edwards Heather A , Tracy Lauren F
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Laryngeal abscesses are rare in the modern antibiotic era. Historically, they were associated with systemic infections including typhoid fever, measles, gonorrhea, syphilis, and tuberculosis. More recent authors have described cases resulting from iatrogenic injury and immunosuppression. This report presents a novel case of laryngeal abscess in the setting of uncontrolled diabetes and a detailed review of modern, reported cases of spontaneous laryngeal abscess.

Methods:

Report of a single case. Also, PubMed was queried for cases of laryngeal abscess since 1985.

Case report:

A 58-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes presented with odynophagia, dysphagia, and dyspnea. He had biphasic stridor, and flexible laryngoscopy showed reduced mobility of bilateral vocal folds and narrowed glottic airway. He was taken urgently for awake tracheostomy and microdirect laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy demonstrated fullness and fluctuance of the right hemilarynx. The abscess cavity was entered endoscopically via paraglottic incision extending into the subglottis. The patient was treated with an 8-week course of ampicillin-sulbactam with resolution of infection.

Results:

Seven additional cases of spontaneous laryngeal abscesses published after 1985 were identified. In total, 6 of 8 had some form of immunodeficiency (75%). The most common presenting symptoms were dysphonia (8/8, 100%), odynophagia (5/8, 62.5%), and dyspnea/stridor (4/8, 50%). All cases were treated with surgical incision and drainage.

Conclusions:

Laryngeal abscesses are rare in the era of modern antibiotics. This review confirms that the majority of recent episodes occurred in the setting of immunodeficiency and are caused by non-tubercular bacteria. These infections are commonly associated with impaired vocal fold mobility which may contribute to dyspnea, stridor, and airway compromise. Surgical intervention is necessary for treatment and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy. Poorly controlled diabetes is a newly described context for development of spontaneous laryngeal abscess.
Moving Beyond the Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Galea Sandro
Published: August 2022

Academic interest in the social determinants of health has grown substantially in the past quarter century. In the past decade this academic engagement has been followed by greater public engagement with the conditions where we live, work, and play and how they affect our health. This moment of greater engagement with social determinants presents an opportunity for us to think about the determination of health more broadly, to look to a future beyond the social determinants. This would mean recognizing the full set of determinants of health across the lifecourse, spanning levels of influence, and including medical determinants to cure disease as much as we include the social forces that can prevent, or can cause that disease to begin with. Such a conception would have us see the determination of health as our central concern, and within that to recognize that health is produced throughout the lifecourse, by forces proximal and distal. The scholarship and practice of health can then usefully array itself around a conceptual framing that encompasses the full range of determinants of health.
Tribes, Covid-19 and the State in India
Authors: Ambagudia Jagannath
Published: August 2022

Infectious diseases have exposed the tribes (scheduled tribes, Adivasis, indigenous people) to more critical risks than other communities in India. Considering their disparate possession of power, privileges and resources, and the available data, the article situates tribes in the context of coronavirus pandemic in India by using the vulnerability framework. It reflects upon the strengths, weaknesses and uncertainties of tribes and the lack of structural support for them in the emergent crisis of pandemic. It argues that compounded vulnerabilities of tribal communities due to Covid-19 are attributed to their historical location in the socio-economic, cultural and political realms and the lack of access to resources and opportunities in the post-colonial Indian society.
International/inter-carbonic relations
Authors: Selby Jan
Published: August 2022

If international relations can be theorised as ‘inter-textual’, then why not also – or indeed better – as ‘inter-carbonic’? For, not only is the modern history of carbon to a large degree international; in addition, many of the key historical junctures and defining features of modern international politics are grounded in carbon or, more precisely, in the various socio-ecological practices and processes through which carbon has been exploited and deposited, mobilised and represented, recycled and transformed. In what follows I seek to make this case, arguing that carbon and international relations have been mutually constitutive ever since the dawn of modernity in 1492, and that they will inevitably remain so well into the future, as the global economy’s dependence on fossil carbon continues unabated and the planet inexorably warms. Will climate change generate widespread conflict, or even civilisational collapse? How are contemporary power dynamics limiting responses to climate change? And how, conversely, might 21st-century world order be transformed by processes of decarbonisation? Building on research in political ecology, I argue that a dialectical sensitivity to ‘inter-carbonic relations’ is required to properly answer these questions. Scholars and students of International Relations (IR), I suggest, need to approach climate change by positioning the element C at the very centre of their analyses.
Like harvesting tarulla: The decolonization of being from a petrolized swamp
Authors: Rinaldi Parisa Nourani , Roa-García María Cecilia , Grajales Estefany
Published: August 2022

The Palagua swamp in the Middle Magdalena region of Colombia is a territory governed by nearly a century of petro-development and armed conflict. This toxic reality, along with the disappointment of temporary legal victories and demands for environmental compensation, have left deep marks on individuals’ psyche, eroding the self-confidence and spirit of communities. Drawing on archival research, secondary regional sources, and 13 semi-structured interviews with former oil workers, fishers, farmers, and women activists, we delve into the meaning, implications, and transformation of petro-development and internal colonialism. We suggest that the decolonization of being in a petrolized environment implies challenging imposed imaginaries of development and perceiving forces of internal colonialism. This should be recognized as a long-term process, a painful incubation of possibilities, marked by persistent and transformative day-to-day actions.
Modified Cantilever System (MCS) for Early Distalization of Palatally Impacted Canine in an Adult—A Case Report
Authors: Panchatcharam Barkavi , J. Mohamed Iqbal
Published: August 2022

Maxillary canine impaction is a malocclusion feature of very low prevalence (0.9%-2.2%) with a preponderance to females over males in the ratio of 2:1. However, when it presents, it is a complex orthodontic challenge. Treatment choices vary from no treatment to surgical exposure followed by orthodontic traction. Surgical exposure and orthodontic traction is an option that requires careful consideration of factors such as labiolingual position of the crown, vertical position of the tooth relative to mucogingival junction, amount of attached gingiva, and mesiodistal position of the crown. Age is an important factor in the prognosis of impacted maxillary canine treatment. Prognosis is lower in an adult compared to a younger patient and worsens with age. We report this case of impacted left maxillary canine (23) with palatal displacement in a young adult. A modified cantilever system was used for an early movement of canine from the lateral incisor which showed a grade II mobility. This along with controlled mechanics resulted in bringing the impacted 23 into class I position in the arch, thereby achieving a stable canine-guided occlusion within a period of 16 months.
Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing improves risk assessment of morbidity and length of stay following cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Pillinger Neil L , Koh Cherry EP , Ansari Nabila , Munoz Phillip A , McNamara Stephen G , Steffens Daniel
Published: August 2022

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are the standard treatment for selected patients with peritoneal malignancy. The optimal means of assessing risk prior to these complex operations is not known. This study explored the associations between preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables and postoperative outcomes following elective CRS and HIPEC. This study included patients who underwent routine preoperative CPET prior to elective CRS and HIPEC at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney between July 2017 and July 2020. CPET was performed using a cycle ergometer and measured peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT). Outcomes included in-hospital morbidity, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay. The associations between preoperative CPET variables and postoperative morbidity were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 129 patients were included. Mean age was 56 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.5 years), and colorectal cancer was the most common indication for CRS and HIPEC. The overall complication rate was 69%, and two (1.6%) patients died in hospital. Patients who did not develop any postoperative complication had slightly higher preoperative AT and VO2 peak and shorter length of hospital stay. Data in this study support the role of CPET prior to CRS and HIPEC as an adjunct to improve risk assessment.
Guided bone regeneration with extracellular matrix scaffold of small intestinal submucosa membrane
Authors: Liu Zihao , Wei Pengfei , Cui Qingying , Mu Yuzhu , Zhao Yifan , Deng Jiayin , Zhi Min , Wu Yi , Jing Wei , Liu Xian , Zhao Jihong , Zhao Bo
Published: August 2022

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a promising strategy for repairing bone defects using bioactive membranes. In this study, a new type of GBR membrane based on the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was created, and its surface structure, cytological characteristics, and bone defect repair ability were compared with commonly used membranes. Our results show that compared to the Heal-all and Dentium membranes, the SIS membrane has an asymmetric structure that does not affect the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Instead, it increased their formation of calcium nodules and expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteopontin (OPN). Six weeks after their insertion into a rat calvarial defect model, increased bone growth was observed in the SIS membrane group. Our results indicate that the SIS membrane has good biocompatibility and is more effective in promoting early bone formation than existing membranes. Given the wide range of source materials and simple preparation processes available, SIS membrane is a promising candidate for guided bone regeneration.
Cyber Dating Abuse Victimization and Experiential Avoidance Among Chinese Female Adolescents: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Interpersonal Flexibility
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Wang Jing , Wei Xinyi , Lei Li
Published: August 2022

Cyber dating abuse victimization (CDAV) among female adolescents is common and harmful; however, little is known regarding how CDAV relates to victims’ experiential avoidance in the Chinese context. Drawing from general strain theory, this cross-sectional study investigated possible differences in the relationships among CDAV, experiential avoidance, and self-compassion according to female adolescents’ levels of interpersonal flexibility (low vs. high). A sample of 420 female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (mean age = 15.78 years) who had been in intimate relationships during the past year participated in a voluntary and anonymous paper-and-pencil survey. Participants completed four self-reported measures on CDAV experience, self-compassion, experiential avoidance, and interpersonal flexibility. The findings indicated that nearly 49% of participants had experienced CDAV in the last year; CDAV exposure was directly linked with experiential avoidance and indirectly related to experiential avoidance through self-compassion. Moderation analyses showed that the negative associations between CDAV and experiential avoidance and self-compassion were only significant among participants with low interpersonal flexibility. These findings deepen the understanding of CDAV as a risk factor for reduced self-compassion and increased experiential avoidance in female adolescents. However, high interpersonal flexibility is a potential protector. This study has implications for the prevention of experiential avoidance among female adolescents exposed to CDAV and supports incorporating self-compassion and interpersonal flexibility skills to combat the negative outcomes of CDAV.
The white-clad people: The white hanbok and Korean nationalism
Authors: Lee Yeseung
Published: August 2022

The paper diachronically examines the white hanbok as the material and symbolic site of interaction between the hegemonising and the hegemonised in Korea. It traces the changing status of the white hanbok from the end of the 19th century to the present—from being part of unconscious material culture, to the synecdoche of the colonised nation, to the symbol of resistance, to the membrane of a ‘homogeneous nation’, to the symbol of democracy. It analyses the white hanbok as a paradoxical skin—at once inclusive and exclusive—of Korean ethnonationalism, as well as a permeable membrane between the self and other of national identity. By exploring the white hanbok in relation to the ongoing movement towards a decolonised democratic nation, the paper reveals the entwined relations between material objects, practices, and nationalism in Korea.
Smart materials for four-dimensional printing: An overview
Authors: Wazeer Adil , Das Apurba , Sinha Arijit
Published: August 2022

Recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional printing) have enabled researchers to build intricate designs that were previously difficult to fabricate using traditional methods. Four-dimensional printing is a research field that arose from three-dimensional printing and involves printing using smart materials that can respond to external stimuli. By incorporating the dimension of time, four-dimensional printing enables the fabrication of on-demand dynamically adjustable shapes. Recent advances in synthetic smart materials, innovative printers, deformation mechanisms, and mathematical modeling have significantly increased the practicality of four-dimensional printing. Progress in the field of four-dimensional printing focusing on the application of smart materials and their types is overviewed in this paper with an emphasis on practical applications.
W-type flying wing radar cross-section analysis
Authors: Zhou Zeyang , Huang Jun
Published: August 2022

To study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of a W-type flying wing with two rotors, a computing method is presented. The method includes two modules: dynamic grid transformation and instantaneous RCS (radar cross-section) computing. The results show that the surface of the blade and the leading edge of the wing have a high level of scattering under the irradiation of forward radar waves. The scattering characteristics of the rotor support cabin are enhanced when electromagnetic waves are incident from the side. At the given positive elevation angle, the mean of aircraft RCS curve under side direction decreases first and then increases with the increase in azimuth. The fluctuation range of the aircraft RCS curve under different tail azimuths is similar at the given negative elevation angle. The computing method is effective for analyzing the RCS of the W-type flying wing.
Indicators of familialism and defamilialization in long-term care: A theoretical overview and introduction of macro-level indicators
Authors: Verbakel Ellen , Glaser Karen , Amzour Yasmina , Brandt Martina , van Groenou Marjolein Broese
Published: August 2022

Many countries have been working on revising their long-term care (LTC) policies to meet the increasing demand for care. Generally, little attention is paid to the potential (unintended) consequences of LTC policies for inequality among care users or informal caregivers. Saraceno previously explicitly argued that differences in care use and provision depend on the type of LTC policy, and that policies with contrasting consequences for inequality can be implemented at the same time. We call upon future research to empirically test the impact of different types of LTC policies on socio-economic inequalities in care. To stimulate and facilitate such research, our aims are to outline theoretical arguments for the differential impact of LTC policies on socio-economic inequalities in care and to create macro-level indicators for different types of supportive LTC policies in European countries over time. Our study’s research question is: Can we find and capture different dimensions of LTC policies in macro-level indicators that are comparable over countries and time? In particular, we focus on supported familialism (for example, informal caregiver support), supported defamilialization through the market (for example, in-cash benefits for care users), and defamilialization through public provision (for example, availability of beds in residential care). Besides a summary of the literature on LTC policies and how they may affect socio-economic inequalities in care, we outline our search process for macro-level LTC indicators and present descriptive information on the different types of LTC policies and their correlations. We discuss the difficulties that arise when translating theoretical insights about different types of LTC policies into high-quality measures for many countries and time points.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences and Changes in Stroke Disease-Specific Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kao Shu-Chuan , Pai Hsiang-Chu
Published: August 2022

The aims of the present study were to investigate changes in QOL in post-stroke patients during the first 3 months of rehabilitation treatment. We estimate minimal detectable changes (MDCs) and minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of the eight dimensions of QOL and assess the proportion of patients’ change scores that exceed MDCs and MCIDs in stroke survivors who receive rehabilitation in a hospital ward. This prospective cohort study enrolled 40 stroke survivors (57.5% male; Mage = 58.3 years) who received in-hospital rehabilitation for a total of 3 months. The Stroke Impact Scale 3.0, which has eight subscales—strength, activities of daily living (ADLs)/instrumental ADLs (IADLs), mobility, hand function, communication, memory and thinking, emotion, and social participation—was used for assessment on the third day of rehabilitation (Time 1), 1 month later (Time 2), and 3 months later (Time 3). Our findings indicated that the MDC95 and MCID proportions varied from 7.5% to 30% and 7.5% to 65%, respectively, of individuals who exhibited change based on individual change scores. The findings show compliance with MDC and MCID values in physical function, with the lowest proportion in hand function.
Benefits and Risks Associated with Long-term Oral Anticoagulation after Successful Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Maduray Kellina , Moneruzzaman Md. , Changwe Geoffrey J. , Zhong Jingquan
Published: August 2022

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) prevents thromboembolism yet greatly increases the risk of bleeding, inciting concern among clinicians. Current guidelines lack sufficient evidence supporting long-term OAC following successful atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (CA). A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus to seek out studies that compare continued and discontinued anticoagulation in post-ablation Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Funnel plots and Egger’s test examined potential bias. Via the random-effects model, summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using RevMan (5.4) and STATA (17.0). Twenty studies, including 22 429 patients (13 505 off-OAC) were analyzed. Stratified CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 examining thromboembolic events (TE) favored OAC continuation (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.02-3.40; P = .04). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated this association was attenuated. The on-OAC arm had greater incidence of major bleeding (MB) (OR 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.95; P < .00001), particularly intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GI); (OR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.36; P < .00001) and (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32; P < .0001), respectively. Our findings support sustained anticoagulation in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥2. Due to reduced outcome robustness, physician discretion is still advised.
Clinical Evaluation of the Pre-Analytical Capabilities of Hemostasis Instrument
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Gui Xiaoning , Wang Run , Jiang Shiju , Zhou Jing , Chen Jian , Wang Meiling , Ning Jiwei , Miao Linzi , Liu Hongwei , Tang Xiaomei , Qu Chenxue
Published: August 2022

Objective: Evaluate the technical performance of the pre-analytical hemolysis-icterus-lipemia (HIL) check module on the ACL-TOP-750. Methods: 8433 routine coagulation samples were evaluated for HIL, the presence of clotting and low sample volume by both visual inspection and the pre-analytical HIL check module on the ACL-TOP-750. Results: 7726 samples were in agreement with both methods and 707 were not consistent. 356 samples with low volume were identified by visual inspection and 920 by the instrument (2.7 mL threshold). Visual inspection identified 56 lipemic samples while 13 of those with moderate or high lipemia were identified by the instrument. Visual inspection identified 47 hemolyzed samples while 7 with moderate or high hemolysis were identified by the instrument. Both visual inspection and the instrument identified 36 icteric samples. For triglyceride concentration and bilirubin concentration, there was good correlation between the ACL-TOP-750 and the DXC800 biochemistry analyzer. Among 30 samples with varying amounts of clotting, 27 were discovered by visual inspection and 3 were discovered by the instrument. Conclusion: The pre-analytical check module on the ACL-TOP-750 improved the detection rate of samples below the target 2.7 mL volume, and the accuracy in detection of HIL. However, the automated method could not replace visual assessment of clotting in samples.
Developing wipe sampling strategy guidance for assessing environmental contamination of antineoplastic drugs
Authors: Arnold Susan , Jeronimo Matthew , Astrakianakis George , Kunz Miranda , Petersen Ashley , Chambers Carole , Malard Johnson Darcy , Zimdars Emily , Davies Hugh W
Published: August 2022

Surveillance for environmental contamination of antineoplastic drugs has been recommended by authoritative bodies such as the United States Pharmacopeia and the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. Clear guidance is needed on how to develop sampling strategies that align with surveillance objectives efficiently and effectively. We conducted a series of simulations using previously collected surveillance data from nine cancer treatment centers to evaluate different sampling strategies. We evaluated the impact of sampling 2, 5, 10, or 20 surfaces, at monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, and annual frequencies, while employing either a random or sentinel surface selection strategy to assess contamination by a single antineoplastic drug (AD) or by a panel of three ADs. We applied two different benchmarks: a binary benchmark of above or below the limit of detection and AD-specific hygienic guidance values, based on 90th percentile values as quantitative benchmarks. The use of sentinel surfaces to evaluate a three-drug panel relative to 90th percentile hygienic guidance values (HGVs) resulted in the most efficient and effective surveillance strategy.
Using relative visual performance to predict performance of an interpersonal evaluation task with variation in adaptation luminance, observer age, skin tone, pavement reflection and interpersonal distance
Authors: Fotios S , Mao Y , Hamoodh K , Cheal C
Published: August 2022

This study concerns road lighting for pedestrians. Many experiments have been conducted to determine how changes in lighting affect the ability to make interpersonal evaluations, usually considering variations in light level or light spectrum. Here, we consider an alternative approach, predicting performance using an existing model, Relative Visual Performance. The results show that face evaluation ability is affected by adaptation luminance, pavement surface reflectance, observer age, and skin tone of the observed person. Previous experimental studies have tended to use young test participants to evaluate Caucasian or Asian faces: if the situation instead involved an elderly person evaluating a face of South African skin tone, then the current analysis predicts that for optimal performance the light level would need to be doubled.
Prospective Validation of the Value of Adding Osteomyelitis to Moderate and Severe Categories of Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Aragón-Sánchez Javier , Víquez-Molina Gerardo , López-Valverde María Eugenia , Rojas-Bonilla José María
Published: August 2022

We aimed to validate the value of adding osteomyelitis (OM) to moderate and severe categories of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) classification. We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 200 patients with moderate and severe infections. Variables associated with prognosis were need for any amputation, major amputation, need for hospitalization, length of hospitalization, length of antibiotic therapy, reinfection rate and infection-related mortality. Infections were moderate in 111 cases (55.5%) and severe in 89 (44.5%). OM was diagnosed in 114 cases (57%), 73 presented as moderate (36.5%) and 41 as severe (20.5%). Overall, 129 patients (64.5%) were admitted for a median of 15 days (IQR 13) and 71 (35.5%) were treated as outpatients (day-surgery). Ninety-four patients (47%) were exclusively treated with intravenous antibiotics, 35 (17.5%) with intravenous and then shifting to oral, 16 (8%) exclusively with oral antibiotics, and 55 (27.5%) without antibiotics. Definitive surgery that led to the arrest of the infection was as follows: 117 patients (58.5%) underwent surgical debridement without amputation, and 69 (34.5%) underwent minor and 14 (7%) major amputation. Patients with OM presented as severe had a higher rate of amputations, major amputations, hospitalizations and need for antibiotic therapy when compared with OM presented as moderate. OM is strongly recommended to be added to the moderate and severe categories of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/International Working Group on Diabetic Foot severity system, as recommended by the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot 2019 guidelines.