bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying mechanisms behind HIV drug resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systems approach
Authors: Kiekens Anneleen , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Pellizzer Giampietro , Mosha Idda , Mosha Fausta , de Wit Tobias Rinke , Sangeda Raphael , Surian Alessio , Vandaele Nico , Vranken Liesbet , Killewo Japhet , Jordan Michael , Vandamme Anne-Mieke
Published: July 2021

IntroductionHIV drug resistance (HIVDR) continues to threaten the effectiveness of worldwide antiretroviral therapy (ART). Emergence and transmission of HIVDR is driven by several interconnected factors. Though much has been done to uncover factors influencing HIVDR, overall interconnectedness between these factors remain unclear and African policy makers encounter difficulties setting priorities combating HIVDR. By employing a systems approach, involving multi-disciplinary HIVDR experts, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of key determinants and their interactions driving HIVDR. MethodsWe designed a detailed system map of factors influencing HIVDR based on semi-structured interviews with 15 international HIVDR experts from or with experience in Sub-Saharan Africa. from different disciplinary backgrounds and institutions. The resulting detailed system map was conceptualized into three main HIVDR feedback loops and further strengthened with literature evidence.ResultsFactors influencing HIVDR in SSA and their interactions were sorted in five categories: biology, individual, social context, healthcare system and ‘overarching’. We identified three causal loops cross-cutting these layers, which relate to three interconnected subsystems of mechanisms influencing HIVDR. The ‘adherence motivation’ subsystem consists of opposite forces that ultimately create a balancing loop leading to a different set-point of adherence per individual which may vary over time. The ‘healthcare burden’ subsystem consists of a reinforcing loop leading to an increased HIVDR at local population level. The ‘ART overreliance’ subsystem is a balancing feedback loop leading to complacency among program managers when there is overreliance on ART with a perceived low risk to drug resistance. The three subsystems are interconnected at different levels. ConclusionsInterconnectedness of the three subsystems underlines the need to act on the entire system of factors surrounding HIVDR in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to target interventions and to prevent unwanted effects on other parts of the system.
Model Study of a Single Pile With Varied Configuration in Sand
Authors: Sakr Mohamed A. , Azzam Waseim R. , Kassim Hatem K.
Published: July 2021

In this experimental work, the influence of pile cross-section with varied configurations on the axial compression load capacity of a single pile and related settlement in sand are investigated. The influence of relative sand density (Dr), the pile length to diameter (L/D) ratios and the pile installation techniques are presented. A testing program comprising seven model steel piles with varied shapes of 20 mm width/diameter was conducted. The tests are performed on model piles with the pile length to diameter ratios of 10 and 30 installed in the three cases of sand modeling as loose, medium dense and dense sand. Results indicated that, the rectangular pile is the optimization cross-sectional under the same pile geometry and soil conditions. Also, the increase of the relative sand density has a significant influence on the ultimate compression pile load. Furthermore, the ultimate axial loads of flexible piles in the case of loose sand using the non-displacement method were found to be increased by 119%, 114%, 143%, 82% 139%, 89% and 100% comparing with the ultimate axial loads of rigid piles for the seven models of closed-ended pipe, open-ended pipe, conical base pipe, square closed-ended, square open-ended, tapered and rectangular piles respectively. While, these percentages were found to be increased by (49%, 37%, 26%, 78%, 35%, 71% and 91%) and (77%, 50%, 13%, 116%, 61%, 89% and 85%) in the cases of medium dense and dense sand respectively. The results also indicated that, piles installed in sand using jacking technique have more resistance compared with piles installed in sand using non-displacement technique.
Hansische Umschau 2008
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2013
Authors: Henn (Bearb.) Volker , Jörn (Bearb.) Nils
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2017
Authors: Jörn (Bearb.) Nils
Published: July 2021

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Experimental Study on the Performance of Concrete Mix with Paper Waste, Waste Plastic, Quarry Dust, and Fly Ash
Authors: Gundu M. , Abhaysinha S.
Published: July 2021

In recent years, concrete in the construction industry has rapidly increased worldwide, including developing countries like India. The raw materials required to produce such a quantity require huge depletion of natural resources. On the other hand, disposal of paper waste, fly ash, and plastic waste is one of the biggest problems faced by many countries, including India, the amount of waste collected and recycled is less compared to disposal quantity. The use of these wastes in concrete reduces the disposal of waste in nature. In this experiment work, the use of these wastes in the concrete has been studied. Preliminary tests like specific gravity, fineness modulus, and water absorption have been carried out on the materials. Various mix designs are prepared by partial replacement of cement with fly ash and paper pulp, and sand is completely replaced with the quarry dust, and coarse aggregate is replaced with shredded plastic waste to create sustainable concrete. A comparative study on the properties like slump cone, the weight of the cubes, compressive strength and split tensile strength, and feasibility of such concrete has been carried out. Results indicated that the weight of cubes started to decrease with the addition of waste. Compressive strength and split tensile strength show that the strength started to fall with the addition of plastic. The cost of concrete decreased with the addition of waste. 5 % of plastic waste in concrete and 3 % of paper pulp, and 5 % of fly ash is considered the optimal replacement percentage.
Control of Exhaust Emissions Using Piston Coating on Two-StrokeSI Engines with Gasoline Blends
Authors: Kiran A.V.N.S. , Ramanjaneyulu B. , Lokanath M. M. , Nagendra S. , Balachander G.E.
Published: July 2021

An increase in fuel utilization to internal combustion engines, variation in gasoline price, reduction of the fossil fuels and natural resources, needs less carbon content in fuel to find an alternative fuel. This paper presents a comparative study of various gasoline blends in a single-cylinder two-stroke SI engine. The present experimental investigation with gasoline blends of butanol and propanol and magnesium partially stabilized zirconium (Mg-PSZ) as thermal barrier coating on piston crown of 100 µm. The samples of gasoline blends were blended with petrol in 1:4 ratios: 20 % of butanol and 80 % of gasoline; 20 % of propanol and 80 % of gasoline. In this work, the following engine characteristics of brake thermal efficiency (BTH), specific fuel consumption (SFC), HC, and CO emissions were measured for both coated and non-coated pistons. Experiments have shown that the thermal efficiency is increased by 2.2 % at P20. The specific fuel consumption is minimized by 2.2 % at P20. Exhaust emissions are minimized by 2.0 % of HC and 2.4 % of CO at B20. The results strongly indicate that the combination of thermal barrier coatings and gasoline blends can improve engine performance and reduce exhaust emissions.
Circular Economy: Tendencies and Development Perspectives
Authors: Tambovceva Tatjana T. , Melnyk Leonid Hr. , Dehtyarova Iryna B. , Nikolaev Stanislav O.
Published: July 2021

The research represents the analysis of the circular economy and its essential characteristics of circular economy in the modern world. The circular economy makes it possible to "detach" the country's GDP growth from the consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution. It explains how the circular economy should stimulate sustainable development and inclusion in the system of Sustainable Development Goals. The research presents how the circular economy can ensure labor productivity, efficient environmental and energy conservation, and the creation of new jobs. It analyzes principles and tools of the circular economy. This research shows how economies should move from the current linear take, make, use, dispose practice to reuse and longer product life. It shows how current business models change and what principles are used to develop a circular economy. It examines the circular approaches based on the 3-R principle: Reduce: reduce resource use and prioritize renewable materials; Reuse: make the most of the products; Recycle: recover by-products and waste for further use in the economy. The research shows how seven key tools of the circular economy may be applied. It reveals the international experience in implementing the circular economy principles. The research describes the benefits that the transition to a circular economy brings. It analyses major circular economy barriers, such as financial, social, and technical. The research distinguishes the benefits of a circular economy. They include a decrease in costs, a cleaner and safer environment, sensitive use of natural resources, new job creation, reducing dependence on imports. This research presents the examples of Norrköping Industrial Symbiosis Network in Sweden, Latvia’s circularity business models.
Local Taxes Efficiency in the Context of Regional Socio-Economic Development
Authors: Samusevych Yaryna V. , Sergienko Yuliia O. , Khan Bhola
Published: July 2021

Development of regions is one of the priority areas of state regional policy, which purpose is to create appropriate conditions for dynamic, balanced socio-economic development of Ukraine and regions, improving living standards, ensuring compliance with state-guaranteed social protection for each citizen and elimination of main regional imbalances. Ensuring competitiveness and socio-economic development of regions is a prerequisite for growth in the local and national economies. The impact of increasing the financial autonomy of local governments primarily depends on their financial provision. One of the primary sources of local revenues is local taxes and fees, which enhance the efficiency of using budget instruments for the socio-economic development of administrative units. The main contribution of the research lies in the testing of the hypothesis of existing relationship processes between local taxes and indicators of regional development based on panel data analysis for all regions of Ukraine using the regression model in Stata SE and MS Excel. The research period covers 2018–2020. The dataset includes parameters of local tax revenues and indicators of regional development. To substantiate the role of local taxes in regional development, a set of hypotheses about the relationships between local tax revenues and regional development dynamics were specified. In the process of calculations, 18 regression equations (ordinary least squares panel regression method) were created, which allow estimating the impact of local taxes on the general indicators of regional development. Calculations results proved that local taxes have a significant positive effect on ensuring the growth in regional social and economic development indicators. This creates a background for enhancing the financial capacity of local budgets due to the improvements in the local tax system.
Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects
Authors: Kubatko Oleksandr V. , Kubatko Oleksandra V. , Sachnenko Tetyana I. , Oluwaseun Odevole O.
Published: July 2021

One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water.
In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.
Constructing the visual image of a «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist» in the cartoons of the «Perets’» magazine (1941–1991)
Authors: Kostiantyn Rodyhin
Published: July 2021

The study of the visual content of the media as a tool of propaganda and information and semantic warfare is an urgent problem today. The purpose of this work is to analyze and systematize the features of the visual image of a «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist» in the cartoons of Soviet Ukrainian satirical magazine «Perets’» («The Pepper») in 1941–1991, to consider the changes of this image over time. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive consideration of this insufficiently researched topic using a quantitative approach. The studied image was generally based on the «Petliurist» visual image. Association both with the USA and Nazism was widespread. In the 1970s, this image was systematically combined with the motif of «hostile radio voices», more often undergoing dehumanization in the form of a dog. The dynamics of the popularity of the topic correlated with ideologically important anniversaries. In the 1980s, the number of publications on the subject decreased, and after 1987 they disappeared.
M. Slaboshpytsky «The Great War»: anthropological paradigm as a basis for journalistic reflection
Authors: Nasminchuk Iryna
Published: July 2021

The author of the article analyzes the issues and poetics of the documentary and journalistic publication by M. Slaboshpytsky «The Great War. 2014… Ukraine: challenges, events, materials». The influence of the military factor on human consciousness is being clarified. Peculiarities of the author’s concept of human and military dialectics are revealed in the aspect of anthropological reception. In this perspective, the relationship between the antinomies «man – power», «man – society», «man – state», «man – nation» is analyzed. It is proved that the first year of the war was reflected in different levels of traumatic experience. Thus, the creative meaning of the author’s idea manifested itself in the design of the journalistic text as a sharp contrast between the desperate heroism of Ukrainian soldiers on the one hand and the incompetence of the command on the other.
Videostream in the system of visual communication of radio stations
Authors: Havryliuk Inna , Aleksakhina Tetiana
Published: July 2021

The article considers the video stream as a component of the visual content of Ukrainian radio stations. It is determined the specifics of the used video streams and development tendencies. It was studied out
that in general, Ukrainian radio stations are focused on the global trend, which is to strengthen the visual component, so they try to use a new form of communication. Although this process is not very active. Realtime video broadcasts have heterogeneous forms; they are represented by different typological groups. It depends largely on the size, financial capacity and the needs of radio stations. The most complex technological process is observed on non-commercial radio stations.
Lesia Ukrainka’s cooperation with the Ukrainian press (1905–1907)
Authors: Sydorenko Natalya , Sydorenko Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to define on the basis of archival documents and Lesia Ukrainka’s episto-lary heritage the circumstances of her cooperation with mass media of the Russian Empire in the period 1905–1907, when Ukrainian newspapers and magazines were created in the Dnieper region and other cit-ies. The object of the study is mass media (projected periodicals and those published at that time), which published mostly literary works of art of the writer. The analysis includes archival materials related to projects and programs of the Ukrainian media of the early XXth century and creative work of Lesia Ukrainka. The research methods include biographical method, analogy, comparison, generalization, etc. It was found out that during 1905–1907 Lesiya Ukrainka was actively interested in new Ukrainian pe-riodicals, she has published a number of works (stories, poetry, translations, etc.) in the Ukrainian or pro-Ukrainian magazines in Odesa, Kyiv, St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Poltava; she has agreed to join the newspaper «Labor» and the children’s magazine «Star», which were never published.
Seasonal and Postharvest Changes in Amino Acid Composition in ‘Crimson Crisp’ Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Response to Summer Foliar Urea Applications
Authors: Plotkowski Derek J. , Cline John A.
Published: July 2021

Insufficient biologically available nitrogen (N) for yeast is a persistent issue facing cidermakers, whose apple juice base usually does not provide adequate nutrition for a complete fermentation. Cidermakers often supplement their juice with additional yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the cellar to aid fermentation. The development of biologically available N in apple juice is not well understood. In this study, juice samples from ‘Crimson Crisp®’ apples were taken at several sampling dates in the 2016, 2017, and 2018 growing seasons and analyzed for YAN using formol titration and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was observed that while the total YAN concentration in these apples drops from the period shortly after fruit set to the end of summer, YAN remains stable from several weeks before harvest until the date of harvest. The total YAN did not change after a 6-week postharvest storage period. By contrast, the individual amino acid components of YAN do change during this period. This experiment shows that foliar urea sprays in ‘Crimson Crisp®’ produce an increase in organic N in the juice, mostly in the form of asparagine. Increased organic N impacts yeast growth and sensory characteristics of cider and may be seen as desirable by cider producers.
Slight induction and strong inhibition of Heterodera glycines hatching by short-chain molecules released by different plant species
Authors: Velloso Jeanny A. , Campos Vicente P. , Terra Willian C. , Barros Aline F. , Pedroso Márcio P. , Pedroso Luma A. , Paula Letícia L.
Published: July 2021

New management tools are necessary to reduce the damage caused by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. Identification of molecules that can stimulate second-stage juveniles (J2) hatching in an environment without food may contribute to that. In in vitro experiments, we evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on H. glycines egg hatching. VOCs released by all plant species significantly (p < 0.05) increased egg hatching. Short-chain molecules released by leaves and roots of soybean and bean increased the hatching up to 71.4%. The analysis of the volatilome done by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed 44 compounds in the plant emissions. Four of them, namely 3-octanol, 1-hexanol, hexanal and linalool were tested individually as hatching inductors. Under concentrations of 200, 600, and 1,000 µg/ml there was no hatching induction of H. glycines J2 by these compounds. On the other hand, in these concentrations, the compounds 3-octanol and 1-hexanol caused hatching reduction with values similar to the commercial nematicide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methyl carbamate). In subsequent tests, the compounds 1-hexanol and 3-octanol showed lethal concentration values required to kill 50% of thenematode population (LC50) of 210 and 228 µg/ml, respectively, in the first experiment and, 230 and 124 µg/mlin the second one. Although we have not identified any molecules acting as hatching factor (HF), here we present a list (44 candidate molecules) that can be explored in future studies to find an efficient HF.
Trends in Deep Learning for Property-driven Drug Design
Authors: Born Jannis , Manica Matteo
Published: July 2021

:

It is more pressing than ever to reduce the time and costs for the development
of lead compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. The co-occurrence of advances in
high-throughput screening and the rise of deep learning (DL) have enabled the development
of large-scale multimodal predictive models for virtual drug screening. Recently,
deep generative models have emerged as a powerful tool to explore the chemical space
and raise hopes to expedite the drug discovery process. Following this progress in chemocentric
approaches for generative chemistry, the next challenge is to build multimodal
conditional generative models that leverage disparate knowledge sources when mapping
biochemical properties to target structures.

:

Here, we call the community to bridge drug discovery more closely with systems biology
when designing deep generative models. Complementing the plethora of reviews on the
role of DL in chemoinformatics, we specifically focus on the interface of predictive and
generative modelling for drug discovery. Through a systematic publication keyword
search on PubMed and a selection of preprint servers (arXiv, biorXiv, chemRxiv, and medRxiv),
we quantify trends in the field and find that molecular graphs and VAEs have become
the most widely adopted molecular representations and architectures in generative
models, respectively. We discuss progress on DL for toxicity, drug-target affinity, and
drug sensitivity prediction and specifically focus on conditional molecular generative
models that encompass multimodal prediction models. Moreover, we outline future
prospects in the field and identify challenges such as the integration of deep learning systems
into experimental workflows in a closed-loop manner or the adoption of federated
machine learning techniques to overcome data sharing barriers. Other challenges include,
but are not limited to interpretability in generative models, more sophisticated metrics for
the evaluation of molecular generative models, and, following up on that, community-accepted
benchmarks for both multimodal drug property prediction and property-driven
molecular design.
Formulation Optimization and In Vitro Characterization of Granisetronloaded
Polylactic-co-glycolic Acid Microspheres Prepared by a
Dropping-in-liquid Emulsification Technique
Authors: Cao Qing-Ri , Ahmed Atef Mohammed Qasem , Chen Li-Qing , Du Huan-Huan , Sun Wei
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

Traditional dosage forms of granisetron (GRN) decrease patient compliance associated
with repeated drug administration because of the short half-life of the drug.

Methods:

In this study, novel GRN-loaded Polylactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) sustained-release
microspheres were prepared for the first time via a dropping-in-liquid emulsification technique.
The effects of various factors, such as pH of the outer phase, Tween 80, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
concentrations, and hardening process, on the Encapsulation Efficiency (EE), Drug Loading (DL),
and particle size of microspheres were extensively studied. The physicochemical properties, including
drug release, surface morphology, crystallinity, thermal changes, and molecular interactions,
were also studied.

Results:

GRN has a pH-dependent solubility and it exhibits a remarkably high solubility under
acidic condition. The EE of the alkaline medium (pH 8) was higher than that of the acidic medium
(pH 4.0). EE and DL decreased in the presence of Tween 80 in the outer phase, whereas EE significantly
increased during hardening. The particle size of microspheres was not affected by PVA and
Tween 80 concentrations, but it was influenced by PVA volume and hardening. X-ray diffraction
and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the physical state of the drug changed
from a crystalline form to an amorphous form, thereby confirming that the drug was encapsulated
into the PLGA matrix. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed that some molecular interactions
occurred between the drug and the polymer. GRN-loaded PLGA microspheres showed
sustained release profiles of over 90% on week 3.

Conclusion:

GRN-loaded PLGA microspheres with sustained-release were successfully prepared,
and they exhibited a relatively high EE without Tween 80 as an emulsifier and with the hardening
process.
Novel Adjuvant Therapy with Zinc Supplementation in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Elfarargy Mohamed Shawky , Al-Ashmawy Ghada M , Abu-Risha Sally , Khattab Haidy
Published: July 2021

Background:

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common dangerous chest
problem that is caused by a lack of surfactant.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to show the role of zinc as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapy
in neonatal RDS.

Objective:

To study the effect of zinc supplementation in cases of neonatal RDS.

Methods:

A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was done on 90 neonates suffering
from respiratory distress (RD) who had been diagnosed as RDS. The included neonates were
classified into two groups: group 1, which received Zinc (Zn) supplementation, and group 2, which
received a placebo. Down score, grades of RDS Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase
(SOD) andInterleukin-8 (IL-8) were estimated on the 1st and 5th day in the presence of incubators.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences (SSD) in grades of RDS, Down score,
MDA, SOD and IL-8 on the 5th day between group 1 and 2(p = 0.001), and between 1st and 5th day
in group 1 (p = 0.001) in the presence of an incubator. There was an SSD between groups 1 and 2
in the duration of hospitalization (p = 0.001) and the number of cases that needed mechanical ventilation
(MV) (p = 0.049).

Conclusion:

Zn supplementation is associated with clinical and laboratory improvement in cases
of neonatal RDS.

Recommendation:

Zn supplementation for RDS neonates.
Myocardial Revascularization in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Widito Sasmojo
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). More discussion is required to achieve the balance between clinical benefit and risk in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with COVID-19. The current COVID-19 pandemic prompts the need to evaluate criteria for indication and efficacy of the general safety protocols and particular cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) procedures to safeguard the patient and healthcare professionals
Simple Clinical Predictors of Successful Fibrinolysis in Combined Assessment of ST-Segment Resolution, Myocardial Infraction Flow Grade, and Myocardial Perfusion Grade: Importance of Admission Blood Glucose and Ischemic Time
Authors: Rusnanta Fahmy , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Prasetya Indra , Rizal Ardian , Kurnianingsih Novi
Published: July 2021

Background : Fibrinolytic therapy (FT) is the alternative recommendation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) if primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could not be perfomed timely at initial presentation. Successful revascularization of occluded infarct-related coronary arteries depends on complex mechanisms of hemodynamic, clinical, biochemical, and mechanical parameters. The aim of study was to find outpredictors of patient characteristics to achieve complete reperfusion based on Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction(TIMI) 3 flow, Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG) 3, and ST-segment resolution. Method : This retrospective study was held in Saiful Anwar, Malang Hospital during 2017-2021, including total of 142 patients. All patients received FT and coronary angiographic evaluation post-FT. Those were divided into 3 groups, which included R0,1 (0/1 highest measure of reperfusion), R2 (2 highest measures of reperfusion), and R3 (3 highest measures of reperfusion). Results : Ischemic time (OR 0,82 [95%CI -0,39;-0,01]; p=0,04] and admission blood glucose (ABG) (OR 0,99 [95%CI -0,01;0]; p=0,046] were negatively correlated to the complete restoration of reperfusion (R3). This study revealed that ischemic time <5 hours (AUC 0,742 [95%CI 0,645-0,839]; p=0,000) and ABG <140 mg/dL (AUC 0,701 [95%CI 0,612-0,790]; p=0,000) were significant predictor for R≥2. Coronary characteristic was not related to measure of reperfusion (p=0,25). Conclusion : Ischemic time <5 hours and ABG <140 mg/dL are important predictors of successful reperfusion post FT (R≥2). Early assessment of patients who are likely to have low parameter reperfusion (R<2) would help promptly preparing for primary PCI.
Case Report: Role of Rotational Atherectomy in Complex PCI
Authors: Widasmara Seprian , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Martini Heny , Prasetya Indra
Published: July 2021

Background : One in three patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exhibits moderate or severe coronary artery calcification. Coronary calcification remains a major independent predictor of PCI failure and adverse outcomes. PCI of calcified coronary lesions remains challenging, despite significant improvements in the available tools and techniques. Rotational Atherectomy (RA) is a critical component to improve PCI success in these situations by producing lumen enlargement by physical removal of plaque and reduction in plaque rigidity, thus facilitating dilation Case Illustration: A 73-year-old man with exertional angina was referred to our hospital, with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ex-smoker and dyslipidemia. Physical exam, electrocardiogram, chest x-rays, and laboratory findings were unremarkable, but transthoracic echocardiogram revealed anterior wall hypokinesis. History of cardiac catheterization outside of our center with angiographic result of left anterior descending (LAD) lesion, highly calcified, non-dilatable on first several POBA attempts. Coronary angiography at our center, revealed diffuse calcification from proximal to distal of the LAD artery with about 90% maximum stenosis in mid LAD. RA (Rotablator, Boston) was then performed with A 1.50 mm burr gradually advanced at 150,000 rpm to passed the lesion. After deployments of stents, final angiogram showed well positioned stents with good distal run-off flow. The patient was uneventful during the procedure and was discharged following day. Discussion: In experienced hands, RA is as safe as standard PCI. RA is as a tool to make PCI possible in complex lesions with moderate or severe calcification when clinical variables make PCI appropriate. Rotablator is a catheter-based interventional cardiology procedure using a high-speed rotational device designed to ablate atherosclerotic plaque and restore luminal patency. This help to facilitate stent delivery, avoiding the barotrauma caused by repeated high-pressure balloon inflations that can lead to vessel dissection or perforation. Atherectomy can be performed safely with optimal burr selection and proper ablation techniques, and as a result, complication rates have been significantly minimized, with few changes in the acute complications reported in contemporary studies.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction with Acute Kidney injury caused by Cardiogenic Shock, Is it Really Safe?; A Case Report
Authors: Srywati Pamuna Oktafin , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Anjarwani Setyasih , Tri Tjahjono Cholid
Published: July 2021

Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening condition. Timely treatment with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a recommended management of STEMI. However, in STEMI condition accompanied by complications such as prolonged shock condition and become Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), it is still a question of whether to be treated conservatively or invasively. If PPCI was an option, how to prevent the worsening outcome is still an issue Case Illustration A 53 years old, woman, was referred from a private hospital with STEMI inferior Killip IV onset 5 hours with typical chest pain and azotemia with creatinine serum was 3.4 mg/dl; eGFR 15 ml/m/1.73m2. In the emergency room, she got hydration, inotropic, and planned for PPCI. After the PPCI procedure, she was fallen into the altered mental status and then referred to our hospital. The GCS was E4V4M6; blood pressure was 118/62 mmHg (on dobutamine 10 mcg/kg BW/minutes and NE 0.3 mcg/kg BW/minutes), heart rate was 130 bpm, respiration rate was 20 times per minute, peripheral saturation was 98% on NRBM 10 liters per minute. The laboratorium result in our hospital showed a creatinine level was 1.6 mg/dl. We treated this patient for 9 days, with optimal medicamentosa and fluid therapy. There is an improvement in clinical presentation and physical examination on the last day of treatment, with urine output 1900 cc/24 hours, creatinin serum 0.8 mg/dl, and eGFR 84 ml/min/1.73m2. Conclusion Acute renal failure is a frequent complication in STEMI, leading to higher mortality, morbidity, and intrahospital complications. PPCI is a reperfusion strategy recommended by the guideline in the setting of myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Proper management to prevent worsening of renal function in this condition is very important.
FORMS OF EXECUTABLE SETTLEMENT OF TAX DISPUTES: LEGAL POLICY OF IMPROVEMENT
Authors:   S.A. Kubatko Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (Branch) of the North Caucasus Federal University, Kubatko S.A. , Vilgonenko I.M. ,   I.M. Vilgonenko Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (Branch) of the North Caucasus Federal University
Published: July 2021

Every citizen of the Russian Federation in everyday life directly or indirectly becomes a participant in tax relations, which are regulated by the Tax code. Since legal acts and laws are quite ambiguous, and the activities of the state are associated with the seizure of property from individuals and legal entities, the emergence of tax conflicts is inevitable. Compromise forms of pre-trial settlement of conflicts are particularly relevant in modern tax relations. They contribute to the emergence and development of trust and fruitful relations between citizens and representatives of tax authorities on the basis of cooperation. The introduction of such procedures as direct negotiations between the parties, mediation and arbitration allow not only to resolve tax disputes promptly, minimize the costs of the parties, reduce the periods of consideration, but also contributes to the unloading of arbitration courts. This article discusses all forms of pre-trial settlement of tax disputes, examines their strengths and weaknesses, the synergetic effect of these forms with preventive and Advisory methods, as well as the introduction of new procedures for the settlement of tax disputes.
COMMERCIAL TRANSACTION: FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors:   R.D. Farkhutdinov Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Farkhutdinov R.D.
Published: July 2021

The article suggests and justifies the concept of "commercial transaction" is currently not fixed in civil legislation as a civil definition, while a number of scientists have repeatedly justified the need and importance of fixing such a concept to solve a number of problems in legal regulation. In addition, it offers ways to solve the problem of the conceptual apparatus of the practice of separate consideration of "commercial transactions" in civil law, which allows solving a number of practical problems of law enforcement. The article uses comparative, formal-legal and functional research methods. The article identifies individual features of a commercial transaction, the legal limits of mutual synthesis of public and private interests, and determines the forms of protection of such interests.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT THE PHENOMENA OF PROTO-STATE, STATE AND STATEHOOD
Authors:   M.N. Abdullaev Dagestan State University, Abdullaev M.N.
Published: July 2021

The article examines some aspects of the theoretical concepts of proto-state, state and statehood, which coexist in modern Russian scientific research practice. Considerable attention is paid to the features of the studied social phenomena, determined from different methodological approaches. It is emphasized that in the process of studying the modern state, reliance on the principle of historical continuity acquires significant significance. The work focuses on the fact that when understanding the nature of the state as a complex social phenomenon, it is also important to consider the concept of a nation-specific state, which will create a broad system of concepts of the state and help to understand the characteristics of various states of the world. The idea is put forward that the study of the statehood of republics – subjects of the Federation – in the framework of the centuries-old process of the unity of peoples within the boundaries of the historical space of Russia, will contribute to the formation of new knowledge about the nature of domestic multinational statehood
FORMATION OF ANTI-EXTREMIST CONSCIOUSNESS IN YOUTH AS A FORM OF COUNTERTING TERRORISM
Authors:   A.Ch. Asil’darov Dagestan State University, Asil’darov A.Ch.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the key issues of the need to form anti-extremist consciousness among young people as a demanded and necessary factor in countering extremism and terrorism. This is primarily due to the tendency of adolescents and young people to the ideology of terrorism in the modern world. Recently, there has been an increase in deviant behavior among young people. The main resource for the formation of anti-extremist consciousness among young people is the entire set of preventive and preventive measures, which, first of all, include the education system, which is the most organized institution that penetrates almost all spheres of society. An important place in the article is occupied by the issues of a skillful combination of secular and religious measures, forms and methods of countering the ideology of terrorism and the implementation of the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin to develop a set of measures to provide organizational, material and methodological assistance in the development of the sphere of religious education in the Russian Federation.
Strategic Communication Requires Strategic Thinking
Authors: Brønn Peggy Simcic
Published: July 2021

Using a definition of strategic communication that focuses on communication that is critical for the “survival and sustained success of an entity” (Zerfass, Verčič, et al., 2018, p. 487), this chapter argues that to be successful, strategic communication needs communication leaders who are strategic thinkers and who take a systems approach. The chapter begins with a brief overview of strategic communication. This is followed by a discussion of what is meant by strategy and where strategic communication fits in strategic planning. The chapter then takes up the idea that to be part of strategic decision making, communication executives need to exhibit competencies in strategic thinking. Much of the work in this chapter is based on previous research by the author, who found that leaders who view their communication directors as having a strategic orientation are more likely to value them and the contribution of the communication function to their organization’s success. But not only that, communication executives demonstrating a strategic orientation are more likely to be invited to strategic meetings, and they would be invited early in the process.
Systematic Review of Recent Literature on Strategic Communication Analysis of the Scientific: Production in Web of Science (2011-2020)
Authors: Trabadela-Robles Javier
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there have been numerous studies addressing strategic communication from different angles. These have helped to better define and contextualize the object of study. The present work constitutes a systematic review of the most recent scientific output (2011–2020) on strategic communication. The main objective was to analyse that output quantitatively, to determine whether the number of publications has really grown, from which scientific fields they have originated, the most prolific authors, and the most cited works. In addition, the latest works from the field of communication are analysed, with the aim of summarizing the latest research trends on the object of study. For this reason, the analysis is limited to the works contained in the main databases of the Web of Science (WoS), as this is one of the bibliographic databases of reference. An advanced terminological search was carried out, and the results were analysed quantitatively. From that resulting population of 460 documents, a sample of 89 was extracted and subjected to a brief qualitative analysis. Among the results, there stands out that scientific production on the subject in the period studied has grown exponentially compared to previous periods. Most of the studies are published in English and originate from the fields of communication, business, and management, although, it being such a cross-sectional topic, there are 82 WoS categories represented. The authors were mainly from the USA, Spain, Germany, and England, and they published in 274 journals, with the Journal of Communication Management, Public Relations Review, and Corporate Communications standing out.
Social Change: Bringing Allies to the Field. An Interdisciplinary Model
Authors: Balonas Sara
Published: July 2021

This chapter discusses the proposition that development programmes may not place sufficient value on the use of strategic communication, and instead focus on information and awareness campaigns that offer no guarantee of effective change. The chapter seeks to emphasise the importance of strategic communication when applied to behavioural change and effective social change. To this end, certain fundamental concepts will be revisited, such as communication for development and social change and its capacity to embed strategic thinking. Furthermore, we will try to understand the essentials of participatory communication, social marketing, and behavioural sciences, as disciplines to be convened in communication strategies for social change. Assuming that any act of communication of development programmes aims to influence attitudes and behaviours that will foster better living conditions for communities or a more sustainable future, communication should be viewed less as an isolated task and more as a tool to promote effective change. It is not sufficient to launch information campaigns or create awareness about a specific topic. It is necessary to identify what kind of reaction is intended and set corresponding behavioural objectives. Setting concrete, delimited, and measurable objectives is one of the mandatory variables of strategic communication planning in many fields and must underpin social change strategies. Strategic communication is also characterised by the attention given to situation analysis, making it possible to obtain objective data and an overview of the context, in order to support strategic decisions. This is a traditional practice in activities that are pursued by private organisations and should always remain top of mind in contexts of societal development. Strategic communication must also increase interdisciplinarity, as has been pointed out by academic experts. Revisiting the associated arguments inspires us to create a strategic communication matrix for social change, based on a cross-disciplinary perspective. As an ultimate goal, this chapter defends the transposition, with the necessary adaptations, of consolidated practices in other field, to the arena of social change. On this basis, a working model will be proposed that articulates the contributions of the various aforementioned disciplines to be adopted, for instance, in the communication strategies of sustainable development goals.