bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINGUÍSTICA DA ENUNCIAÇÃO E DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA A PARTIR DO SISTEMA PRONOMINAL
Authors: SILVA Charlies Uilian de Campos
Published: April 2021

Este artigo procura compreender como o cenário de distanciamento social está relacionado às reflexões de Benveniste que formam sua teoria enunciativa. Com a suspensão de diversas atividades presencias, incluindo as aulas, vivemos um contexto de incertezas em relação ao processo pedagógico e nossos papéis enquanto professores e estudantes. Assim, partindo das reflexões sobre pronomes e discutindo noções de pessoa, tempo, espaço e subjetividade, propomos uma perspectiva teórica capaz de instaurar uma dimensão ética na teoria enunciativa, buscando compreender como nossa relação com o outro no atual contexto de distanciamento social pode conduzir nossas palavras e atitudes nesse cenário pandêmico.
Conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Marapanim, nordeste do Pará
Authors: Andrade Ádanna De Souza , Amaral Ribeiro Suezilde Da Conceição , Pereira Bruno Wendell De Freitas , Bezerra Paulo Eduardo Silva , Brandão Valter Vinicius Pereira
Published: April 2021

Permanent preservation areas contribute significantly to maintaining the quality of water resources and protecting against erosive events. In this sense, this work mains of is to analyze the land use conflict in the permanent preservation areas of the Marapanim River basin, located in the northeast of the State of Pará. To this end, it data were processed using images Landsat of the years of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2017 to discuss changes in land use for each year. Afterwards, land use was overlapped with the Permanent Preservation Areas of the basin (PPA), to identify the types of use that are interfering in the limits that should be maintained as PPA. The results showed that in three of the four years of analysis, the exposed soil class was present in more than 20% of the inadequate land use in PPA, followed by the Farming class, which increased almost 300% the occupation in PPA in the first to last year of study. Thus, this study can support public policies in order to monitor the sources and margins of water courses for a better management of water resources in this region.
Memento mori: Museu Nacional e o arquivo sem museu
Authors: Beiguelman Giselle , Lavigne Nathalia de Castro
Published: April 2021

Este artigo parte de uma análise do conteúdo visual compartilhado no Instagram sobre o Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro após o incêndio que destruiu quase a totalidade de sua coleção, em 2 de setembro de 2018. Focando na hashtag #museunacionalvive, e concentrando a busca no  primeiro ano após o trágico episódio, discutimos como esse arquivo sem museu (Foster, 1996) pode ser visto como um memorial difuso criado por memórias coletivas. Argumentamos, ainda, que esse memorial involuntário que surge de forma espontânea com o compartilhamento de imagens pessoais de arquivo ou de outras categorias existe também como uma compensação para a falta de programas públicos que tratem da memória e preservação do patrimônio no Brasil. Além disso, também apresentamos algumas proposições sobre o processo de remediação de um arquivo que não existe mais após a perda material da maioria de seus 20 milhões de itens a partir do conjunto de imagens fantasmagóricas que existem enquanto vestígio. Nesse sentido, analisamos uma variedade dessas imagens e possíveis categorizações desse museu imaginário memorialístico compartilhadas pelo público na hashtag #museunacionalvive.
Emoções em [trans]formação
Authors: Rosa Raul Dotto
Published: April 2021

No ensaio visual emoções em [trans]formação, proponho pensar a transformação da face humana a partir de fotografias digitais geradas em aplicativos de realidade aumentada e deepfake. A construção do trabalho ocorre de maneira experiencial, com aplicativos que mapeiam meu rosto e o transformam em outro. A produção das imagens passa pelo processo de escaneamento da tela que exibe o resultado dos aplicativos no smartphone, a fim de produzir uma nova imagem, digitalizando a face transformada mais uma vez para exibir a especificidade emotiva de um rosto computacional.
Un viaje por las emociones en procesos de investigación feminista
Authors: García Dauder Dau , Ruiz Trejo Marisa G.
Published: April 2021

En este artículo enfatizamos el valor epistémico de las emociones en los procesos de investigación (en el saber qué y en el saber cómo). Nos centramos no sólo en cómo las emociones de quien investiga afectan el proceso de investigación sino cómo el propio proceso afecta –emocionalmente- a las investigadoras. En concreto, explicamos las diferentes razones por las cuales es importante reconocer el papel de las emociones en los procesos de investigación: metodológicas e instrumentales, éticas, analíticas, políticas y sanadoras. También exponemos los inconvenientes de enfatizar las emociones en la investigación. Partiendo del concepto de “reflexividad fuerte” de las epistemologías feministas, proponemos un viaje para reflexionar sobre las emociones y sus diferentes implicaciones en una investigación académica: el impacto emocional de la investigación en la investigadora (especialmente cuando se trabaja con población vulnerable), el trabajo emocional que implica la investigación y, en concreto, el trabajo de campo (y los dilemas éticos que puede implicar), las emociones como datos o evidencia y el conocimiento emocionalmente sentido.In this paper, we emphasize the epistemic value of emotions in the research process (to know what and know how). We focus not only on how the researcher's emotions affect the research process but also on how the process itself affects – emotionally- the researchers. Specifically, we explain the different reasons why it is important to recognize the role of emotions in research processes: methodological and instrumental, ethical, analytical, political and “healers”. We also expose the drawbacks of emphasizing emotions in research. Starting from the concept of "strong reflexivity" of feminist epistemologies, we propose a journey through emotions and their different implications in feminist research: the emotional impact of research on the researcher (especially when working with vulnerable population); the “emotional work” involved in the research and, specifically, in the fieldwork (and the ethical dilemmas that may involve); emotions as data/evidence and emotionally sensed knowledge.
Sulla tecnica della pittura murale nella villa Farnesina
Authors: Angelini Aldo
Published: April 2021

The Director of the pictorial restorations inside the Villa Farnesina comments on various significant technical issues that are emerging during the work. In particular, he considers the importance of the maltino and the muro di pietra in the evaluation of the fresco cycles in the villa. The review of the restoration campaigns begins in the Sala della Galatea with consideration of Peruzzi’s activities on the ceiling with its special material components. Analysis of the intonaco leads to the conclusion that there are no giornate, only regular additions of malta as the work progressed. Technical innovations here can be clearly identified, ones that show Peruzzi to have been the inventer of interior frescoes a pozzolana that will become so popular in the 17th century. The paintings of Sebastiano del Piombo show, on the other hand, a sensitive recognition of the adaptability of experimental Venetian fresco techniques to the particular site of the villa by the Tiber river. Sebastiano’s rapidity of execution of the polychrome frescoes, which the restoration illuminates, must have been a spectacle for the other artists who were working there, even though the technical results are demonstrated to have been less than successful. Sebastiano’s creation of a first version of the Galatea is shown, and it is deduced that initially he must have been commissioned to fresco the entire wall to the pavement. Although Sebastiano’s technical experiments were revolutionary for the Roman scene, it is argued that the intervention of Raphael was necessary to bring to completion the decoration of the room and that lessons learned there by him regarding polychromy were subsequently developed in his bottega. The extreme differences in execution and in temperament between the Venetian and the Umbrian are movingly seen in examination of the polychromes and the final version of the Galatea. In this regard, Sodoma’s frescoes in the bedroom show a combination of Raphaelesque attitudes with Sebastianesque use of Venetian blues. The restorations are bringing to the fore these and many other exciting discoveries about the specifics of technical operations inside the villa and in Rome during the Renaissance.
La più antica pittura nella Basilica di S. Francesco ad Assisi
Authors: Rocchi Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Reconsideration of what are called the oldest extant painting fragments in the lower basilica of S. Francesco ad Assisi focuses on technical and iconographical matters. Detailed visual inspection of the fresco fragments that are found on the arco d’ingresso of the chapel of the Magdalene underscores the representation of the Madonna as the oldest section there. It leads to the suggestion that this fragment antedates even the commonly accepted earliest cycle representing the life of Francis by the Master of Saint Francis. It is proposed that this fragment may be votive and that it could have surmounted a wall tomb. This hypothesis leads to a reconsideration of the complex problem of the construction of the lower basilica and to the strong tradition of the existence of an earlier (la terza) church in which the body of the saint was initially laid to rest. In this regard, the fragments tire a vital record in unravelling the knotty problems that still beset a full evaluation of the history of the lower basilica and its pictorial decoration.
Le roi « San Fernando » : deux nouveaux tableaux de Valdés Leal
Authors: de Moura Sobral Luis
Published: April 2021

Two hitherto unknown paintings by Valdés Leal (1622-1690), both in Spanish private collections, are published and discussed. A Saint Ferdinand Conqueror of Jaén, of 1673-75 (Fig. 3), is a preparatory oil-sketch for the large canvas in the cathedral of Jaén (Fig. 1). It represents the Spanish king Ferdinand III (1198-1252), hero of the ‘reconquista,’ whose canonization in 1671 was celebrated in the Seville cathedral by a series of ceremonies and feasts. Valdés Leal was deeply involved with these ceremonies, together with his friend the sculplor Pedro Roldán (1624-1700), generally credited with the creation of the typology of the new saint. A drawing by Valdés Leal in the Kunsthalle, Hamburg (Fig. 2), is certainly related to the Jaén commission as well. The second previously unpublished painting, a Saint Ferdinand (Fig. 4), is here identified as the one in possession of Leon y Ledesma, Canon of the Sevillian cathedral, a contemporary of Valdés Leal. The painting was mentioned in the inventory of León y Ledesma’s belongings (Gestoso, 1916).
William Berczy in Italy and Switzerland, 1780-1787
Authors: Stock Beate
Published: April 2021

William Berczy avait 50 ans lorsqu’il arriva au Canada. Sa vie antérieure de même que sa formation et sa carrière artistiques en Europe sont demeurées pour nous presque totalement inconnues. Grâce au don en 1977 d’un livre relié de lettres manuscrites, écrites pour la plupart par Berczy, au Kunsthistorische Institut de Florence, nous pouvons maintenant reconstruire une période importante de la vie de cet artiste. Les lettres sont adressées à une certaine Margaritha Grutier de Berne, en Suisse, où semble-t-il Berczy demeura quelque temps avant d’aller en Italie. Il arriva à Florence à la fin de 1 780 et se mit sérieusement, pour la première fois de sa vie semble-t-il, à l’étude de la peinture, allant à la Galerie pour faire des copies, entre autres des autoportraits de Rubens, van Dyck et Mengs. Considérant que l’emploi de la gouache restreignait ses projets et ses ambitions, il se mit à peindre à l’huile. À part des études, il s’appliqua à exécuter différentes commandes. Son patron le plus illustre fut le grand-duc Pierre-Léopold. II peignit à son intention un portrait de famille présentant le grand-duc, la grande-duchesse et leurs dix enfants vivants, ainsi que des miniatures de quelques membres de cette famille. L’artiste demeurait durant ce temps en rapport avec sa clientèle bernoise, pour laquelle il remplissait différentes commandes. Le premier séjour de Berczy à Florence prit fin en août 1782 et on le retrouve les neuf mois suivants à Berne, où son talent semble avoir été beaucoup sollicité. À partir de juillet 1783, il est en Italie, à Florence et à Naples. Il peint à Naples plusieurs œuvres pour la famille royale, puis retourne en Suisse, cette fois pour y épouser Charlotte Allamand. Le couple s’installe d’abord à Genève, où Berczy y peint une miniature de la jeune princesse de Gloucester, puis déménage à Berne. Mais leur situation se détériore et Berczy ne trouve plus suffisamment de commandes pour subsister. Il retourne avec sa femme à Florence au début de 1787. Les lettres de Berczy contiennent des informations qui ont permis à l’auteur d’identifier cinq miniatures à la gouache et un portrait à l’huile d’un groupe de trois enfants. Ces six tableaux représentent des membres de la famille de Murait : la mère, ses trois enfants et une parente. Le décor architectural du portrait de groupe montre un intérieur caractéristique des maisons aristocratiques de Berne. Mais les deux grosses colonnes (élément étranger au contexte bernois) et la posture des deux garçons indiquent que Berczy s’est largement inspiré du portrait que Rubens fit de ses fils Albert et Nicolas.
Les « Monuments français inédits » (1806-1839) de N.-X. Willemin et la découverte des « Antiquités nationales »
Authors: Arquié-Bruley Françoise
Published: April 2021

Reference works which marked their day and were improvements over what previously existed are normally taken for granted, eventually forgotten. The in part posthumous work of N.X. Willemin in selecting and publishing the ‘National Antiquities’ of France, is one of the earlier and more important histories of the arts on a comparative method, treating works front the sixth to seventeenth centuries as documents of the historical evolution of society. The art works discussed were not only in the leading Parisian and provincial museums and libraries, but from outstanding private collections as well, so the Monuments français inédits is the result of a complex series of relations between scholars, editors, collectors and dealers in the transitional period between Revolution and Restoration. Their identification and the characterization of their activities will provide scholars with a more secure foundation for further research in the early Romantic period which is as yet poorly documented.
A transição do princípio do prazer ao de realidade segundo Ferenczi e Spielrein
Authors: Caropreso Fátima , Maciel Neto João Alves
Published: April 2021

O psicanalista húngaro Sándor Ferenczi elaborou uma teoria sobre a transição do princípio do prazer ao princípio de realidade, que permite complementar e aprofundar as hipóteses freudianas sobre esses princípios. De acordo com a sua teoria, esse processo envolve uma série de estágios, ao longo dos quais, gradualmente, a diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo é estabelecida e o sentimento de onipotência é abandonado. Freud e Ferenczi, contudo, não focaram a questão da maneira como o desenvolvimento da linguagem verbal acompanha esse processo de transição entre os dois princípios, questão essa abordada pela psicanalista russa Sabina Spielrein. Esta autora complementa as teorias de Freud e Ferenczi, ao abordar o fenômeno em questão a partir de uma perspectiva diferente, ou seja, daquela do desenvolvimento da linguagem. Apesar da originalidade e da importância da contribuição de suas teorias para a compreensão do funcionamento mental, Ferenczi e, sobretudo, Spielrein são autores ainda pouco estudados, que merecem maior atenção e reconhecimento, o que justifica o resgate de suas teorias. Nesse artigo, abordamos algumas das hipóteses dos dois autores que permitem uma melhor compreensão do processo de diferenciação entre o eu e o mundo externo e de transição do princípio de prazer ao princípio de realidade. Nos baseamos na análise do texto de Ferenczi O Desenvolvimento do Sentido de Realidade e seus Estágios, de 1913, e nos textos de Spielrein O surgimento e o desenvolvimento da fala articulada e A origem das palavras infantis papai e mamãe, publicados, respectivamente, em 1920 e 1922.
O estatuto político do significante vazio: identidade coletiva, psicanálise e política
Authors: Perez Daniel Omar , Starnino Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo procuramos apresentar os elementos que possibilitam a constituição das identidades coletivas a partir de quatro conceitos fundamentais: a demanda, o significante vazio, a identificação e o gozo (la jouissance). Primeiro, revisitamos Freud trazendo a noção de identificação pensada em sua determinação política. Em seguida, buscamos justificar a especificidade da noção lacaniana de significante vazio, repensado por Ernesto Laclau enquanto um conceito político fundamental implicado na constituição e formação das identidades coletivas. Avançamos na lógica do significante e das demandas insatisfeitas que se organizam basilarmente na composição das identidades coletivas a partir de casos específicos e formalizações. Com este trabalho, temos como objetivo contribuir com a reflexão e debate psicanalítico, filosófico e político acerca das identidades políticas, sociais, de gênero, de diversidade sexual, étnicas e culturais em suas mais variadas formas.
A correspondência entre a princesa Isabel da Boémia e René Descartes e a teoria das emoções
Authors: Henriques Mendo Castro
Published: April 2021

A correspondência (1643-1649) entre a princesa Isabel da Boémia e René Descartes, só integralmente conhecida em finais do século XIX, é reveladora de preocupações comuns e de afeição mútua. O presente artigo visa recuperar o lugar de Isabel na evolução da filosofia em geral, e da antropologia cartesiana em particular. Aplica-se a hermenêutica a uma conversação que não teria cabimento numa obra formal, de modo a entender como temas do quotidiano se tornaram objeto de reflexão e, inversamente, essa reflexão veio lançar luz sobre esses mesmos temas. Na sequência de estudos de Henriques (1996) e dos contributos marcantes de Shapiro (1999) e Jeffery (2018) sugere-se como a teoria das emoções de Isabel proporcionou a Descartes a evolução do tratamento da dualidade de corpo e alma no Tratado sobre as paixões da alma (1649), já fora do escopo deste artigo.
Optimal extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from endophytic fungi of Conyza blinii H. Lév
Authors: Zhao Shuheng , Wu Xulong , Duan Xiaoyu , Zhou Caixia , Zhao Zhiqiao , Chen Hui , Tang Zizhong , Wan Yujun , Xiao Yirong , Chen Hong
Published: April 2021

Background

Flavonoids are widely used in the market because of their antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. But the production speed of flavonoids is limited by the growth of plants. CBL9 (Chaetomium cruentum) is a flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from Conyza blinii H. Lév, which has potential to produce flavonoids.

Methods

In this study, we isolated total flavonoids from endophytic fungus CBL9 of Conyza blinii H. Lév using macroporous resin D101. The process was optimized by response surface and the best extraction process was obtained. The antioxidant activities of total flavonoids were analyzed in vitro.

Results

It was found that the best parameters were 25 °C pH 2.80, 1.85 h, and the adsorption ratio reached (64.14 ± 0.04)%. A total of 60% ethanol was the best elution solvent. The elution ratio of total flavonoid reached to (81.54 ± 0.03)%, and the purity was 7.13%, which was increased by 14.55 times compared with the original fermentation broth. Moreover its purity could rise to 13.69% after precipitated by ethanol, which is very close to 14.10% prepared by ethyl acetate extraction. In the antioxidant research, the clearance ratio of L9F-M on DPPH, ABTS, •OH, •O2−, (96.44 ± 0.04)% and (75.33 ± 0.03)%, (73.79 ± 0.02)%, (31.14 ± 0.01)% at maximum mass concentration, was higher than L9F.

Conclusion

The result indicated using macroporous resin in the extraction of total flavonoid from endophytic fungus is better than organic solvents with higher extraction ratio, safety and lower cost. In vitro testing indicated that the flavonoid extracted by macroporous resin have good antioxidant activity, providing more evidence for the production of flavonoid by biological fermentation method.
Mixtura social y sociabilidad: ¿inducen los Proyectos de Integración Social vínculos socioeconómicamente diversos?
Authors:   Universidad de la Frontera (Temuco), Vergara Luis
Published: April 2021

La mixtura social se ha convertido en un objetivo de política pública en Chile y Latinoamérica. En principio, los barrios generados a partir de tal objetivo buscan disminuir la segregación de clase en la ciudad. Sin embargo, se desconoce si en las condiciones de mixtura y de entorno en que son construidos se puede (o no) promover sociabilidades pluriclasistas. Empleando dos proyectos de integración social y una metodología mixta, este artículo intenta llenar esa brecha. Los resultados sugieren que por el tipo de diversidad que promueven los barrios considerados, como también por su localización periférica en entornos homogéneos, las sociabilidades que producen no son lo suficientemente diversas, limitando el funcionamiento del llamado “efecto barrio”. Los hallazgos revelan también la importancia de diseñar espacios de encuentro entre residentes, los que tienen capacidad de minimizar los habitus metropolitanos que despliegan las clases medias. Se concluye con sugerencias para mejorar y ampliar el enfoque de mixtura social.
Oestrogen Receptor Alpha, Beta Genes and CYP17A Gene Polymorphism Analysis in Women with Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Goswami Ravindra , Gangopadhyay Sukanya , Kabi Bhaskar Charana
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Uterine Leiomyoma is a highly morbid condition with an increasing incidence in the Asian Indian ethnicity. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and not clearly delineated, making non-surgical treatment of limited success, thus making surgical intervention prevalent. Derangement of endocrinological parameters is the most evident aspect and cause of this condition. But the root genetic cause of this hormonal imbalance has seldom been explored in Indian women suffering from uterine leiomyoma. Aim: To explore the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) rs3020449, rs4986938 and rs743572 of ER alpha, ER beta and CYP17 genes respectively in women having uterine fibroid visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Materials and Methods: Hundred patients diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma were selected from Gynaecology Out Patient Department (OPD) of a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India and equal age matched healthy women were taken as controls randomly, with a condition that they have no close blood relative with uterine leiomyoma. The blood was collected for DNA extraction and RFLP based polymorphism detection. Bands were visualised in agarose gel for Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER alpha), ER beta and CYP17 genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism 6.0. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested using Chi-square goodness of fit test. Nominal variables were analysed using Fisher-exact test. Data is presented as Mean±SEM and p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Early age at menarche (cases vs control 11.51±0.19 year vs 12.04±0.12, p=0.03) and less number of previous pregnancies (cases vs control 1.06±0.09 vs 1.41±0.12, p=0.01), which are known risk factors for the uterine fibroids, was reconfirmed in this study. The genotype distribution of all subjects studied in above genes followed Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and there was no significant difference in genotype frequencies between cases and controls [ER alpha rs9322331 C allele (cases vs controls; 62% vs 64%), T allele (38% vs 36%); ER beta rs4986938 G allele (64% vs 59%), A allele (36% vs 41%); CYP17 rs743572 T allele (44.95% vs 46.53%), C allele (55.05% vs 53.47%) p-value not significant in any]. However, there was an increased propensity of TC genotype of CYP17 rs743572 towards obesity (p<0.05). Conclusion: The allelic frequencies of all the three SNPs were similar in cases and controls indicating that they do not affect susceptibility to disease. However, the association of TC allele of CYP17 SNP with higher BMI needs further analysis.
Emotional Intelligence Assessment in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bagle Tushar Ramesh , Baviskar Pooja Ashok , Mital Anukant K , Vare Vijay A , Hire Rohankumar C , Chincholkar Vivek S
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In 21st century, Physicians has to deal with both technical and emotional component associated with doctor patient relationship, technical aspects are taught but emotional aspects are not taught. Aim: To evaluate Emotional Intelligence (EI) in undergraduate medical students of different academic years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 undergraduate medical students from medical college and tertiary care hospital for two years from January 2018 to February 2020. Demographic information was collected on separate annexure. EI in the study was assessed using emotional quotient self-assessment checklist devised by Sterrett. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested. Emotional quotient self-assessment checklist consists of 30 statements, five each for the six areas. Each question was based on a 5-point Likert scale scoring from 1 to 5 (virtually never=1 to virtually always=5). Results: Out of 200 students, only 16 (8%) could correctly describe about EI. Out of total, 89 (44.5%) felt EI very important, 92 (46%) students felt important while 185 (92.5%) students desired to learn about EI. The EI score in Ist year MBBS was 103.45±13.73 which increased in IInd year MBBS (108.02±12.2) and had statistically significant increase in IIIrd year (111.74±13.86) and IVth year (115.02±14.79). Empathy and motivation were the EI components that decreased from Ist year MBBS to IVth year. Empathy component negatively correlated with social competency component. Conclusion: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become a crucial element to be inculcated in a competency based curriculum for all academic years. There is a need of EI training in medical curriculum.
Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude among Medical and Dental Students Towards COVID-19
Authors: Usmani Fareya , Arshad Saba , Iqbal Nasima , Saleem Zakia , Mehmood Hira , Khan Muhammad Aitmaud uddolah
Published: April 2021

Aim: To assess and compare the knowledge and attitude of medical and dental undergraduates towards COVID-19 in current setup

Study Design: Cross-sectional

Place and Duration of Study: Study was done at Ziauddin university Karachi during the period of October 2020 to December 2020

Methodology: Medical and dental students from 1st year to final year were enrolled in the study. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.71. The questionnaire was consisting of demographic variables, questions regarding the knowledge towards COVID-19 and the attitude of medical and dental students. Analysis was done by using SPSS version-20. Frequency and percentages was used to present the categorical data. Comparison between demographic variables and knowledge score was done by using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test as appropriate. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: About 56% of participants were female and from 3rd year (25.2%). Comparing with socioeconomic status, the upper class of medical students were having higher score. As the year of study upgraded the students reported higher knowledge score with significant p-values among both medical and dental students. Medical students were having higher knowledge about COVID-19 than the dental students but dental students were having more knowledge about the safety measures. Looking over the attitude, majority of medical students were interested in gaining information about COVID-19.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that medical students are having more knowledge about the COVID-19 but the dental students were more aware of the protective measure which should be taken. Both groups of medical and dental students having positive attitude towards limiting the spread of COVID-19.
Expression of BCL-2 and KI-67 in Cyclical Endometrium and in Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: Shalini P. , Suresh Natrajan , Lilly S. Mary
Published: April 2021

The Present study attempts to determine the relationship between proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis in normal endometrium and hyperplasia, using monoclonal antibodies against the proliferation marker, Ki-67 and the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and to determine the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl – 2) and Ki – 67 in cyclical endometrium in proliferative and secretory phase. The Present study includes the expression of Bcl – 2 and Ki – 67 in endometrial hyperplasia.
A sequential guide to identify neonates with low bacterial meningitis risk: a multicenter study
Authors: Chen Yan , Yin Zhanghua , Gong Xiaohui , Li Jing , Zhong Wenhua , Shan Liqin , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Qian , Zhou Qin , Zhao Youyan , Chen Chao , Zhang Yongjun
Published: April 2021

Objective

To derive and validate a predictive algorithm integrating clinical and laboratory parameters to stratify a full‐term neonate's risk level of having bacterial meningitis (BM).

Methods

A multicentered dataset was categorized into derivation (689 full‐term neonates aged ≤28 days with a lumbar puncture [LP]) and external validation (383 neonates) datasets. A sequential algorithm with risk stratification for neonatal BM was constructed.

Results

In the derivation dataset, 102 neonates had BM (14.8%). Using stepwise regression analysis, fever, infection source absence, neurological manifestation, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin were selected as optimal predictive sets for neonatal BM and introduced to a sequential algorithm. Based on the algorithm, 96.1% of BM cases (98 of 102) were identified, and 50.7% of the neonates (349 of 689) were classified as low risk. The algorithm’s sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in identifying neonates at low risk of BM were 96.2% (95% CI 91.7%–98.9%) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%–99.6%), respectively. In the validation dataset, sensitivity and NPV were 95.9% (95% CI 91.0%–100%) and 98.8% (95% CI 97.7%–100%).

Interpretation

The sequential algorithm can risk stratify neonates for BM with excellent predictive performance and prove helpful to clinicians in LP‐related decision‐making.
MAT is societally cost‐effective and improves quality of life
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

A cost‐effectiveness study has found that medication‐assisted treatment (MAT), combined with contingency management, overdose education and naloxone distribution, was associated with both cost savings and health benefits compared to no treatment.
Tower of treatment, methadone pioneer Kreek dies at age 84
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D., loved by patients and revered by clinicians and researchers, died March 27 at age 84. With Vincent Dole, M.D., and Marie Nyswander, M.D., Kreek, as a young researcher in their lab, helped discover methadone as a treatment for opioid use disorder. Until her death, she was the Patrick E. and Beatrice M. Haggerty Professor and a senior attending physician at The Rockefeller University. Her landmark studies focused on heroin addiction. Her work — and her kindness and emotional generosity to all she came in contact with — will be sorely missed.
Benchtop One‐to‐One Nanocontact Replication Across Length Scales from 100 nm to 10 cm via Ambient Polycarbonate Molding
Authors: Schultz Clayton W. , Yu Hua-Zhong
Published: April 2021

Herein, a benchtop technique to create one‐to‐one plastic replicas of nanostructured “masters” of various materials and dimensions via polycarbonate (PC) molding under ambient conditions is described. Instead of conventional thermal molding of PC under high temperature and pressure, it is explored to adapt solvent‐assisted method that has been traditionally unpopular due to the alteration of its morphology induced by swelling and recrystallization. A thorough study of how polymer spherulites (spherical domains of semicrystalline polymer chains) develop and whether their growth can be inhibited by nanocontact molding is conducted; it demonstrated not only how molding drastically limits crystallization but also how the crystallization can be controlled in the process of replicating micro/nanostructures. The efficacy of one‐to‐one replication across length scales from 100 nm to 1 mm over large areas (>5 cm2) has been confirmed with high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The durable monolithic PC replicas can be used as templates for casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices, allowing expensive lithographically designed masters to be preserved and accelerating production by multiplexing. The simplicity and low cost of this benchtop approach augment the feasibility of nanofabrication in resource‐limited settings with reduced costs and processing time.
Novel Deep‐Blue Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Host Emitter for High‐Quality Fluorescence/Phosphor Hybrid Quasi‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xue Jianan , Li Chenglong , Zhang Shitong , Yang Bing , Liu Yu , Wang Yue
Published: April 2021

A new hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) molecule 2TPA‐PPI is obtained for constructing the high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in this work. 2TPA‐PPI possesses the sufficient emission/charge‐transporting properties, thus it is used as a neat emitter achieving an efficient deep‐blue OLED with very high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 10.7%, as well as a multi‐functional emitting host matrix constructing the high‐performance phosphorescent OLEDs. More importantly, a high‐efficiency candle light‐style OLED adopting the HLCT/phosphor hybrid strategy is realized, where 2TPA‐PPI acts as not only a blue emitter, but also a universal host sensitizing both yellow and red phosphors. This quasi‐white OLED represents almost the highest EQE/PE level of 25.2%/49.7 lm W−1 at the practical luminance level of 1000 cd m−2 for the white OLEDs with the excellent color rendering index values of more than 80 reported.
The Intrinsic Charge Carrier Behaviors and Applications of Polyoxometalate Clusters Based Materials
Authors: Yang Le , Lei Jie , Fan Jing‐Min , Yuan Ru‐Ming , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Chen Jia‐Jia , Dong Quan‐Feng
Published: April 2021

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a series of molecular metal oxide clusters, which span the two domains of solutes and solid metal oxides. The unique characters of POMs in structure, geometry, and adjustable redox properties have attracted widespread attention in functional material synthesis, catalysis, electronic devices, and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This review is focused on the links between the intrinsic charge carrier behaviors of POMs from a chemistry‐oriented view and their recent ground‐breaking developments in related areas. First, the advantageous charge transfer behaviors of POMs in molecular‐level electronic devices are summarized. Solar‐driven, thermal‐driven, and electrochemical‐driven charge carrier behaviors of POMs in energy generation, conversion and storage systems are also discussed. Finally, present challenges and fundamental insights are discussed as to the advanced design of functional systems based upon POM building blocks for their possible emerging application areas.
Liquid‐Based Adaptive Structural Materials
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Baiyi , Chen Xinyu , Hou Xu
Published: April 2021

Structural materials are used to provide stable mechanical architectures and transmit or support forces, and they play an important role in materials science and technology. During the long process of the exploitation of structural materials, the functionality of structural materials has gained prominence. Adaptive structures responding to external stimuli have come to the fore with significant advantages in structural materials. However, many solid adaptive structural materials still suffer from their single function and the lack of dynamic performance, such as issue around fouling and energy consumption, defects present everywhere in materials at the microscale, etc. To meet the increasing demands, more and more researchers have started turning their attention to liquid‐based materials owing to their intrinsic spontaneous, dynamic, and functional properties. Liquid‐based adaptive structural materials (LASMs) have been proposed and developed. Building upon both dynamic liquids and fixed solids, LASMs have been demonstrated to possess both dynamic adaptivity (from the active liquid part) and stable mechanical structure (from the fixed solid part), which are desired in many applications such as 3D printing, droplet manipulation, omniphobic surfaces, microfluidics, mass separation, etc. A unifying view of the recent progress of LASMs is presented, including liquid with particles, liquid with surfaces, as well as liquid with membranes. In addition, the discussion of the prospects and challenges are provided for promoting the development of LASMs.
An Insulin‐Inspired Supramolecular Hydrogel for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Mohan , Wang Zhongyan , Feng Dandan , Shang Yuna , Li Xinxin , Liu Jianfeng , Li Chen , Yang Zhimou
Published: April 2021

Supramolecular peptide hydrogel has shown promising potential in vaccine development largely because of its ability to function both as antigen depot and immune adjuvant. Nap‐GdFdFdY, a tetrapeptide hydrogel that has been previously reported to exhibit adjuvant effect, is inadvertently found to contain conserved peptide sequence for insulin, proinsulin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase, 3 major autoantigens for the autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). At present, despite being managed clinically with insulin replacement therapy, T1D remains a major health threat with rapidly increasing incidences, especially in children and young adults, and antigen‐specific immune tolerance induction has been proposed as a feasible approach to prevent or delay T1D progression at an early stage. Here, it is reported that innoculation of Nap‐GdFdFdY leads to complete protection of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice from T1D development till the age of 36 weeks. Better maintenance of pancreatic islet morphology with minimal immune cell infiltration is also observed from mice exposed to Nap‐GdFdFdY. This beneficial impact is mainly due to its facilitative role on enhancing peripheral T regulatory cell (Treg) population, shown as increased splenic Treg percentage, and function, demonstrated by maintenance of circulating TGF‐β1 level. Serum cytokine microarray data further implicate a “buffering” role of Nap‐GdFdFdY on systemic inflammatory tone in NOD mice. Thus, with its versatility, applicability, and excellent potency, Nap‐GdFdFdY is posited as a novel therapeutic intervention for T1D.
Surgical outcomes in gastroenterological surgery in Japan: Report of the National Clinical Database 2011–2019
Authors: Marubashi Shigeru , Takahashi Arata , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ueno Hideki , Eguchi Susumu , Endo Itaru , Goi Takanori , Saiura Akio , Sasaki Akira , Takiguchi Shuji , Takeuchi Hiroya , Tanaka Chie , Hashimoto Masaji , Hiki Naoki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Masaki Tadahiko , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Konno Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Seto Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Yuko ,   the National Clinical Database
Published: April 2021

Background

We aimed to present the 2019 annual report of the gastroenterological section of the National Clinical Database (NCD).

Methods

We reviewed 609,589 cases recorded in 2019 and 5,029,764 cases registered from 2011 to 2019 for the 115 selected gastroenterological surgical procedures.

Results

The main features of gastroenterological surgery in Japan were similar to those described in the 2018 annual report, namely, that 1) operative numbers gradually increased in all procedures, except gastrectomy and hepatectomy, which decreased in these years; 2) in all eight major gastroenterological surgeries, the age distribution tended toward older patients; 3) the morbidity of esophagectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy increased, but mortality was minimized in all procedures; 4) all eight major gastroenterological procedures have increasingly been performed under laparoscopy; and 5) board‐certified surgeons were increasingly involved. These trends in recent years were more prominent in 2019.

Conclusions

Thanks to the continuous cooperation and dedication of the surgeons, medical staff, and surgical clinical reviewers who registered the clinical data into the NCD, it is possible to understand the comprehensive landscape of surgery in Japan and to disclose new evidence in this field. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery will continue to promote the value of this database and encourage the use of feedback and clinical studies using the NCD, now and in the future. Generating further approaches to surgical quality improvement are important directions for future research.
Approaches to Understanding COVID‐19 and its Neurological Associations
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Michael Benedict D. , Solomon Tom , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. ,   Global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition
Published: April 2021

There is an accumulating volume of research into neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, inconsistent study designs, inadequate controls, poorly validated tests, and differing settings, interventions, and cultural norms weaken study quality and comparability, hence the understanding of the spectrum, burden, and pathophysiology of these complications. Therefore, a global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition, together with the World Health Organization, has reviewed reports of COVID‐19 neurological complications and harmonized clinical measures for future research. This will facilitate well‐designed studies using precise, consistent case definitions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and neurological complications, with standardized forms for pooled data analyses that nonspecialists can use, including those in low‐income settings. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1059–1067
Engineering High‐Spin State Cobalt Cations in Spinel Zinc Cobalt Oxide for Spin Channel Propagation and Active Site Enhancement in Water Oxidation
Authors: Sun Yuanmiao , Ren Xiao , Sun Shengnan , Liu Zheng , Xi Shibo , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: April 2021

Spinel zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) is not considered as a superior catalyst for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is the bottleneck reaction in water‐electrolysis. Herein, taking advantage of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that the existence of low‐spin (LS) state cobalt cations hinders the OER activity of spinel zinc cobalt oxide, as the t2g6eg0 configuration gives rise to purely localized electronic structure and exhibits poor binding affinity to the key reaction intermediate. Increasing the spin state of cobalt cations in spinel ZnCo2O4 is found to propagate a spin channel to promote spin‐selected charge transport during OER and generate better active sites for intermediates adsorption. The experiments find increasing the calcination temperature a facile approach to engineer high‐spin (HS) state cobalt cations in ZnCo2O4, while not working for Co3O4. The activity of the best spin‐state‐engineered ZnCo2O4 outperforms other typical Co‐based oxides.
A Self‐Assembled Palladium(II) Barrel for Binding of Fullerenes and Photosensitization Ability of the Fullerene‐Encapsulated Barrel
Authors: Purba Prioti Choudhury , Maity Manoranjan , Bhattacharyya Soumalya , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: April 2021

Fullerene extracts obtained from fullerene soot lack their real application due to their poor solubility in common solvents and difficulty in purification. Encapsulation of these extracts in a suitable host is an important approach to address these issues. We present a new Pd6 barrel (1), which is composed of three 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole panels, clipped through six cis‐PdII acceptors. Large open windows and cavity make it an efficient host for a large guest. Favorable interactions between the ligand and fullerene (C60 and C70) allows the barrel to encapsulate fullerene efficiently. Thorough investigation reveals that barrel 1 has a stronger binding affinity towards C70 over C60, resulting in the predominant extraction of C70 from a mixture of the two. Finally, the fullerene encapsulated barrels C60⊂1 and C70⊂1 were found to be efficient for visible‐light‐induced singlet oxygen generation. Such preferential binding of C70 and photosensitizing ability of C60⊂1 and C70⊂1 are noteworthy.
Optimization of 3D printing parameters for high‐performance biodegradable materials
Authors: Lyu Yang , Zhao Haotian , Wen Xinlong , Lin Leyu , Schlarb Alois K. , Shi Xinyan
Published: April 2021

Developing 3D printing high‐performance biodegradable materials is important to protect the environment and deal with emergencies such as COVID‐19. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the 3D printing methods, has many advantages, such as low cost and wide range of materials. However, the weak interlayer adhesion is an important factor restricting the development of FDM. In addition to the influence of material properties, the optimization of 3D printing parameters is also an important means to give full play to the inherent properties of materials. The optimal 3D printing parameters are conducive to the diffusion and entanglement of molecular chains between adjacent layers. PLA/PBAT/PLA‐g‐GMA (70/30/10 wt%, PLA‐g‐GMA was a compatibilizer synthesized in our lab) was used as the research object. This work aims to analyze the mechanical properties response of biodegradable polymers products manufactured through FDM. Herein, the effect of 3D printing parameters including layer thickness, nozzle temperature, printing speed and platform temperature have been systematically investigated by orthogonal experimental design. The result showed that the excellent performance of 3D printing specimen was obtained when the layer thickness was 0.15 mm, the printing speed was 50 mm·s−1, the nozzle temperature was 200°C and the platform temperature was 50°C. The SEM images showed that the optimal 3D printing products had the best interlayer adhesion and the lowest porosity. Undergoing optimization of 3D printing processing, the yield strength and elongation at break of specimen increased by 115% and 229%, respectively. In this paper, the interlayer adhesion and mechanical properties of 3D printing products can be significantly improved by simply optimizing the 3D printing parameters without complex material modification. This work provided a new method for improving the interlayer adhesion of FDM and the mechanical properties of FDM products.