bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decolonization and Reconciliation Work in Public Libraries: An Analysis of Strategic Plans
Authors: Rathi Dinesh
Published: May 2021

The 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada report provides valuable guidance and critical foundation on decolonization and reconciliation in Canada. Public institutions including universities and libraries have affirmed their commitment towards reconciliation and decolonization by undertaking initiatives and establishing both short- and long-term goals. This research examines strategic plans posted on the organizational websites of nine Canadian public library systems operating in cities with significant Indigenous population. The findings suggest that different library systems made varying levels of explicit and/or implicit commitment towards reconciliation and decolonization.
Finding Sanctuary and Strength in the LIS Classroom
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Latham Kiersten , Tench Beck , Samson Hugh , Siracky Hailey , Chabot Roger
Published: May 2021

In the spirit of contemplative pedagogy, this panel introduces The Tree of Contemplative Practices – a graphic representation that helps educators and students to understand the main principles and seven major types of contemplative practices. Using the Tree as a framework, enthusiasts can learn contemplative practices in a systematic, secular, and bespoke manner. Sequentially, the moderator and presenters will: 1) Encapsulate their commitment to contemplative pedagogy; 2) Recount an application of The Tree of Contemplative Practices in their teaching; and 3) Demonstrate several of the Tree’s major limbs (e.g. generative) and branches (e.g. loving-kindness meditation).
Reading the Silence: Canadian Library Responses to Racial Injustice
Authors: Matthews Amber
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the findings of a research study on the statements issued by the Canadian library community in the wake of George Floyd’s death in May 2020. The study employed mixed-methods content analysis to (a) identify formal responses between May to August 2020; (b) analyze themes; and, (c) identify commitments for future accountability and research. Ninety-seven organizations were in the study and represent large public and academic libraries along with provincial, national, and professional associations. The results show that one third of the sampled Canadian library community formally responded with an organizational statement and fewer situated their organizations as contributors to systemic racism in Canadian society.
“We’re Still Open”: Canadian News Media’s Framing of Canadian Public Libraries’ Covid-19 Responses
Authors: Dalmer Nicole , Griffin Meridith
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is persistently transforming how and where public libraries are able to engage with and support their communities. While existing research at the juncture of public library services and COVID-19 has overwhelmingly examined library-produced content, this study shifts focus to media representations of library practices during COVID-19. Using frame analysis methodology, this study analyzed 218 Canadian news articles for the ways in which news stories articulate public libraries’ roles and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three frames emerged: (re)negotiating the library’s space, (re)configuring the library’s roles, and (re)constructing “others”. Conclusions explore the implications of these frames, linked to a broader conversation regarding transformations to public spaces during COVID-19.
Use of Twitter by a Public Library During the Pandemic
Authors: Rathi Dinesh
Published: May 2021

Social media such as Twitter and Facebook are used by organizations including public libraries to disseminate a variety of information to community members. This research aims to identify key areas in which Twitter was used to share information with users during the initial pandemic phase by a large public library operating in the Western region of Canada. The findings resulting from the analysis of 150 tweets revealed that the library shared information primarily in the following areas: Programs and Services, Library Operations, Health and Hygiene, Resources, and Other.
The Role of Human Information Behaviour in Resilience and Recovery
Authors: Pollak Angela , Hersberger Julia , Webb Shelbi
Published: May 2021

Theoretical conceptualisations of resilience and recovery are examined in this paper to determine how critical elements of information behaviour interact while individuals attempt to regain equilibrium following a crisis event. Situated within the larger historical, social, scientific and psychological landscape, this review of the literature suggests that individuals who actively engage in positive information behaviour are generally perceived as better able to acquire needed resources to aid in recovery efforts post-trauma in order to achieve equilibrium or even improve on their previous status to achieve a level above that (thriving). Individuals who experience information difficulties find recovering or thriving more difficult and may be perceived as less resilient.
Public library staff experiences of accommodation in the workplace
Authors: Hill Heather
Published: May 2021

Identifying as having a disability in the workplace can be a complicated proposition. This research examines public library staff experiences of accommodation for a disability within the workplace. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Canadian public library staff who sought accommodation in their workplace.
Assessing the loss of Western Canadian digital heritage
Authors: Saiyera Tasbire , Reyes Ayala Brenda , Du Qiufeng
Published: May 2021

In 2003, UNESCO recognized the volatility of our heritage on the web. In response, many Canadian institutions rose to the challenge to preserve our digital heritage. This study examines web archives created by the University of Alberta Libraries relevant to Western Canadian heritage. We examine these collections in order to (1) assess their degree of link rot (which occurs when a website is no longer online) and (2) to determine how extensively these websites have been preserved.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Race-Related Research in LIS
Authors: Mongeon Philippe , Brown Alison , Dhaliwal Ratna , Hill Jessalyn , Matthews Amber
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work in progress is to quantify the amount of attention given to questions of racial inequity experienced by BIPOC in LIS research. We find that despite a recent surge in BIPOC-related research output, the publications are low in numbers and tend to receive fewer citations than other work in the same research area. BIPOC-related research is present but unevenly distributed across several areas of the field. These trends may help create and sustain momentum towards addressing the persistent lack of diversity and equity in LIS.
The intersection of shark research, policy and the public: a bibliometric and altmetric view
Authors: Melnick Kory , Moharana Tamanna , Toupin Rémi , Gone Pallavi , MacDonald Bertrum , Mongeon Philippe
Published: May 2021

Sharks have traditionally been portrayed as dangerous animals by modern media, contributing to a negative perception in the public eye. On one hand, despite some species being listed as critically endangered, news about the perceived risk of sharks for humans protrudes more than other topics. On the other hand, conservation topics tend to focus on specific topics, such as finning, highlighting the divergence between scientific and mediatic discourses about sharks. Our research compares the attention of shark research topics across citations, tweets, news and policy mention to assess the salience of specific themes. We find that citations are evenly distributed across research communities, tweets and policy mentions exhibit a significant focus on conservation, and news mentions tend to focus on more sensationalist topics such as shark attacks or the repercussions of fisheries on coral reefs.
The burden of article processing charges on Canadian universities
Authors: Simard Marc-André , Asubiaro Toluwase , Mongeon Philippe
Published: May 2021

The question about the cost of access to scholarly resources is usually answered by focusing on subscription cost. This study highlights the article processing charges (APCs) paid by Canada’s research institution as an additional scholarly resource. Unpaywall database was queried with the DOIs of CARL member universities’ publication indexed in the Web of Science. We find that while Open Access should in principle reduce the cost of access to scholarly literature, we are rather in a situation where both the cost of access and the cost of publishing are increasing simultaneously.
Method for a Drainage Roadway Location Determination for an Overlying Methane Drainage System
Authors: Borowski Marek , CAŁA Marek
Published: May 2021

The paper analyses possibilities to carry out methane drainage of a longwall in seam 510. A possibility to fight against the methane hazard was determined based on results of forecasting for methane emission to mine workings. A system of methane drainage was suggested for the adopted method of longwall face ventilation. The location of drainage roadway was determined for the selected methane drainage system. The paper includes a geomechanical analysis for a numerical model, which was aimed at determination of the optimum location of the drainage roadway in a seam overlying the longwall panel.
Current Situation and Solutions to Advanced Ventilation Efficiency in Giap Khau Coal Mine Area, Hon Gai Coal Company of Viet Nam
Authors: Nguyen Cao Khai , VAN THINH Nguyen , PHI HUNG Nguyen , VAN CHI Dao , VAN QUANG Nguyen
Published: May 2021

Mine ventilation aims to dilute toxic gas concentrations, dilute dust concentrations, remove them from the mine and ensure pleasant microclimate conditions in the mine, especially at work sites. Currently, in underground coal mines in general and in Giap Khau mine area, Hon Gai coal company, in particular, is in the process of converting the mining area into deep, as well as increasing output. Therefore, it is important to ensure that ventilation is a top priority in long-term occupational safety and meets the plan to increase coal production. In this study, we have evaluated the current state of ventilation in Giap Khau mine area. From those research results, on the basis of computational research methods, we have come up with reasonable solutions to change and improve ventilation efficiency for the mine in the condition of complicated mining plan and technology characteristics are still limited compared to those in the world. Specific solutions solve 2 problems: First, ensure ventilation for the current mining operation stage; Secondly, we have researched and proposing suitable solutions for ventilation of Giap Khau area mine when it has to increase production and move down to an adjacent project at a deeper level.
Stability of Deep Underground Mine Drift through Complex Geology Conditions in Quang Ninh Coal Area
Authors: Đặng Văn Kiên , TRONG HUNG Vo , NGOC ANH Do , NGOC THAI Do , VAN CHI Dao
Published: May 2021

The stability of deep underground mine drifts is pivotal to sustainable, safe mining in underground coal mines. The main objective of this research is to determine the stability and drifting safety issues in 500-m-deep deep underground mine drift through complex geology in the Quang Ninh coal area. The laboratory experimentation and field measurements were used to analyze the large deformations and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock, the influence factors of safe excavation and stability of deep underground mine drift, and to study the stability control countermeasures. This study also shows the main factors influencing the stability and drifting safety include complex geology zones, high in situ stress, poor mechanical properties and engineering performance of the argillaceous rock mass. According to the field study, the groutability of cement-matrix materials in the argillaceous rock in the complex geology zones were extremely poor, and deformations and failure of the surrounding rock were characterized by dramatic initial deformation, high long-term creep rate, obviously asymmetric deformations and failure, the rebound of roof displacements, overall loosened deformations of deep surrounding rock on a large scale, and high sensitivity to engineering disturbance and water immersion. Various geo-hazards occurred during the underground mine drift excavation, including roof collapse, groundwater inrush. Control techniques are proposed and should be adopted to ensure drifting safety and to control the stability of deep underground mine drift through complex geology zones, including choice of reasonable drift shape, reasonable support type, steel sets, regional strata reinforcement technique such as ground surface pre-grouting, primary enhanced control measures, grouting reinforcement technique, and secondary enclosed support measures for long-term stability, which are critical for ensuring the sustainable development of the underground coal mine.
Sabordinasyon ve Fibonacci Sayılar Dizisi ile Tanımlanan Kendisi ve Tersi Yalınkat Fonksiyonların Yeni Bir Alt Sınıfı için Katsayı Eşitsizlikleri
Authors: YILDIZ Meryem , ALTINKAYA Şahsene
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, geometrik fonksiyonlar teorisinin en önemli araştırma konularından biri olan ve son yıllarda oldukça popüler hale gelen kendisi ve tersi yalınkat fonksiyonlar araştırılmıştır. Fonksiyonlar üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda sınır belirleme çalışması alışılagelen bir durumdur. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak kendisi ve tersi yalınkat fonksiyonlar sınıfının D={z∈C: |z|<1} açık birim diskinde yeni bir alt sınıfı tanımlanmıştır. Bu alt sınıf tanımlanırken kompleks değerli fonksiyonlar için geliştirilen Komatu integral operatörü ve sabordinasyon prensibi kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra Fibonacci sayı dizisi ile reel kısmı pozitif olan fonksiyonlar arasındaki ilişki verilmiştir. Bu ilişki Bulgular bölümü için temel teşkil etmektedir. Tanımlanan sınıfa ait fonksiyonların ilk iki Taylor Maclaurin katsayıları a2 ve a3 ün modülleri için üst sınırlar araştırılmıştır. Son olarak yine bu sınıfa ait fonksiyonlar için Fekete-Szegö eşitsizlikleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular literatürdeki sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Boya Duyarlı Güneş Pillleri için Karbazol Tiyofen Türevli Moleküllerin Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: ERDEN Çiğdem , GÖRGÜN Kamuran
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, karbazol başlangıç maddesi kullanılarak, N-bromo süksinimid ile bromlama reaksiyonu yapılmış ve 3,6-dibromokarbazol (II) elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra, 3,6-dibromokarbazol (II) ve oktil bromür kullanılarak alkilleme reaksiyonu yapılmış ve 3,6-dibromo-9-oktilkarbazol (III) elde edilmiştir. Son aşamada ise Suzuki-Miyaura çapraz kenetlenme reaksiyonu ile farklı arilboronik asitler kullanılarak, D-A sistemine uygun literatürde olmayan yeni karbazol türevli maddeler 3,6-bis-benzo[b]tiyofen-2-il-9-oktil-9H-karbazol (IV) ve 3,6-bis-(5-kloro-tiyofen-2-il)-9-oktilkarbazol (V) sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen bu maddelerin yapıları 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR spektroskopik yöntemler kullanılarak aydınlatılmıştır. Ayrıca yeni sentezlenen IV ve V numaralı moleküllerin, boya duyarlı güneş pillerinde (BDGP) boya malzemesi olarak kullanımı da araştırılmıştır. Bunun için BDGP-IV ve BDGP-V kodlu piller hazırlanıp, elektriksel karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır.
Potansiyel Antikolinesteraz Ajanlar Olarak Yeni İmidazol Türevlerinin Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: OSMANİYE Derya , KAYA ÇAVUŞOĞLU Betül
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer hastalığı en sık görülen nörodejeneratif hastalıklarıdan biridir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde %70-76 oranla görülen bu hastalığın radikal bir tedaviye sahip olmaması bilim dünyasını bu konu üzerinde çalışmaya yönlendirmektedir. Kolinerjik hipotez, AH hastalarında hafıza ve bilişsel bozukluğun ana nedeni düşük asetilkolin (ACh) düzeyinin olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Radikal bir tedavinin mevcut olmaması bilim insanları için bu alanı çekici kılmaktadır. İmidazol bileşikleri, çok çeşitli biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle medisinal kimyada önemli bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, yeni imidazol türevleri sentezlenmiş ve yapı tayinleri 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve kütle spektroskopisi metodları kullanılarak aydınlatılmıştır. Bileşiklerin aktivite profilleri in vitro Ellman metodu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aktivite sonucunda elde edilen veriler, 6 ve 7 kodlu bileşiklerin antikolinesteraz aktivite profillerinin umut vaat edici olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic Before The Latest Restrictions in Turkey by Using SIR Model
Authors: ULAŞ Efehan
Published: May 2021

The ongoing CoVID-19 pandemic affected our lives dramatically. Many epidemiological models are developed by scientists to estimate the number of infected individuals and the transmission rate of the CoVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of COVID-19 in Turkey over the period November 16 and December 9, 2020, using the SIR model. The estimation of the reproduction number is found as 1.38. The peak day of the pandemic based on the period used in the SIR model is estimated as the 13th of January. By that date, around a total number of 3530000 individuals would be affected according to the SIR model and among them, approximately 141000 people would be active cases. In total, approximately 35000 people would die, based on a mortality rate of 1%. These predictions are made according to the scenario, which assumes, the latest restrictions weren't announced by the Turkish Ministry of Health. The findings of this study can be used to understand the characteristics of the pandemic at a certain time and estimate the distribution of the disease but are not suggested for any policy change and strategies.
Characterization of Myrrh Essential Oil wıth GC-MS and Investigation Antibacterıal Effects on Salmonella spp.
Authors: ARIN Evren , ÖNEM Ebru , TABUR Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2021

Although Salmonella cause serious infections in animals, they are also of great importance with their zoonotic features. In this study, the antibacterial effects of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) essential oil on poultry and human isolated Salmonella spp., S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, also Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) were investigated agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined micro dilution methods. In addition bioactive components analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer GC / MS. According to the results of GC-MS, major component of myrrh essential oil is curzerene with 24.99 % rate. This was followed by beta elemene with 21.75%. A total of 106 components were detected, and the other components detected were found at between 0.01% and 1.88% rate. Antibacterial test result showed that the zone diameter range of essential oil on Salmonella spp. isolates have been determined between 7.75 mm and 9.75 mm and MIC values ranging from 12.4 µg / ml to 49.6 µg / ml. In reference strains, it was seen that the most effective result was on Gram-positive bacteria.
Asimptotik Lacunary İstatistiksel ɸ-Denk Üç İndisli Diziler
Authors: HUBAN Mualla Birgül
Published: May 2021

İstatistiksel yakınsaklık kavramı ilk kez, Fast [2] tarafından verilmiştir. Bu kavram, hem uygulamalı matematikte hem de matematiği içeren diğer bilim dallarında önemli rol oynar. Marouf [13] ise 1993’te asimptotik denk dizilerde yeni kavramlar vermiştir. 1980’de yaptığı çalışmada ise Patterson [16] asimptotik denk diziler için istatistiksel benzerlerini sunmuştur. 2006’da Patterson ve Savaş [17] lacunary dizileri kullanarak bu kavramlara yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Diğer taraftan, üç indisli diziler için istatistiksel yakınsaklık kavramı Şahiner vd. [20] tarafından sunulmuştur. Aynı zamanda literatürdeki bazı çalışmalarda, herhangi bir reel dizinin istatistiksel yakınsaklığı mutlak değere göre belirlenir. Reel sayıların mutlak değeri özel bir Orlicz fonksiyonu olarak bilinir [19]. Bu makalenin temel amacı, üç indisli diziler için asimptotik olarak istatistiksel ϕ-denk ve asimptotik olarak lacunary istatistiksel ϕ-denk kavramlarını tanımlamaktır. Belli özel koşul altında Orlicz fonksiyonundan yararlanarak, yeni ispatlar vermek ve yeni kavramları literatüre kazandırmaya çalışmaktır. Ayrıca bu yeni notasyonlar arasındaki ilişkiler de çalışmamızda verilmiştir.
Ab-initio Calculations; Mechanical and Electronic Properties of New M4As3Co (M: Al, Ga) Compounds
Authors: YILDIZ Buğra , ERKİŞİ Aytaç
Published: May 2021

In this study, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of Al4As3Co and Ga4As3Co compounds have been investigated in detail. All the calculations have been done by using Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package by using Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) within Density Functional Theory (DFT). M4As3Co (M: Al, Ga) compounds have simple cubic structure and they have F-43m space group with 216 space number. In order to find most suitable magnetic order, ferromagnetic and three type of antiferromagnetic orders have been employed. Although all the ground state energies for both of our materials are close to each other, it is understood that, energetically most stable magnetic order is ferromagnetic order. After optimization procedure, electronic band structures with density of states have been plotted. Plots prove that, Al4As3Co compound has semiconductor nature with very little direct band gap 0.044 eV while Ga4As3Co compound has zero indirect band gap. Finally, elastic constants have been calculated and important mechanical properties have been estimated. As result of these estimation, it could be said that our materials are mechanically stable.
Electrochemical and Structural Behavior of Bi Doped ZnO Materials Obtained with Solvothermal Synthesis Method
Authors: SEDEFOĞLU Nazmi , KAVAK Hamide
Published: May 2021

In this study, Bi-doped ZnO and undoped ZnO nanomaterials have been synthesized by the solvothermal reaction method. The effect of Bi doping on the structural and electrochemical properties has been investigated by X-ray diffractions (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As seen from X-ray diffraction spectra performed on the bulk material, it has been clearly observed that both Bi doping changed the preferred orientation of the nanopowder as (101) and Bi+3 ions were expectedly entered the lattice. Furthermore, this result has been supported by photoelectron spectra. Scanning electron microscopy images have shown the shapes and distributions of nanostructures of the samples. As a result, it is thought that Bi doping is suitable for obtaining p-type conductivity in ZnO materials for the experimental processes we applied to samples in the study.
3-Amino-5-Hidroksi-1H-Pirazol Bazlı Bazı Yeni Disazo Boyarmaddelerinin Sentezi ve Spektroskopik Özellikleri
Authors: YILDIRIM Fati
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, yeni bir dizi 3-amino-5-hidroksi-1H-pirazol türevi boyarmadde sentezlendi ve karakterize edildi. Bu maksatla, m- ve o- sübstitüe anilin türevleri öncelikle diazolandı, elde edilen bileşikler 3-amino krotononitril ile kenetlendi. Elde edilen ürün (1a-h) hidrazin monohidrat ile etkileştirilerek 5-amino-4-arilazo-3-metil-1H-pirazoller (2a-h) sentezlendi. Sonrasında 5-amino-4-arilazo-3-metil-1H-pirazoller diazolandı ve 3-amino-5-hidroksi-1H-pirazol ile kenetlenerek 8 adet yeni disazo boyarmaddesi (3a-h) sentezlenmiş oldu. Elde edilen sekiz boyarmaddenin yapısı Fourier dönüşümlü infrared spektroskopisi (FT-IR), Nükleer manyetik rezonans spektroskopisi (1H-NMR), Ultraviyole görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi (UV-Vis) ve element analizi gibi çeşitli spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlendi. Altı farklı çözücüde boyarmaddelerin maksimum absorpsiyon dalga boyları belirlendi ve absorpsiyon spektrumları üzerine asit-baz etkisi incelendi. Bu çalışma sonunda tekstil ve azo boyarmadde literatürüne 8 adet yeni aminopirazol türevi disazo boyarmaddeleri kazandırıldı.
Yağlı Boya Tuvallerde Görülen Kirlenmelerde Hidrojellerle Yüzey Temizliği
Authors: KARATAŞ İbrahim , GÖK Cem , ERDEN GÖNENMİŞ Dicle , ÖZCAN Yusuf
Published: May 2021

İşlenen konulara göre yağlı boya tuval resimleri, dönemin sanatı, üslubu, sosyal yaşamı, inancı ve tarihi hakkında bilgi veren taşınabilir en önemli kültür varlıklarından biridir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yağlı boya tuvallerde görülen kirlenmelerin biyopolimerik yapıda hidrojeller kullanılarak temizlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hidrojeller toksik madde içermemesi ve bunun yanında hızlı ve kolay bir teknikle hazırlanması yönünden birçok avantaja sahiptir. Hazırlanan hidrojeller ile tarihi eser niteliği taşıyan tuval resimlerindeki kirlenmeler yapıya zarar vermeden temizlenmiştir. Kolay ve bol bulunan aljinat ve doğal sakız biyopolimerleri ile hidrojel yapısında temizleme malzemesi hazırlanmıştır. Temizleme işlemlerinin test edilmesi için kimyasal yöntemler ile yaşlandırışmış tuvaller toz, kül ve is ile kirletilmiştir. Kullanılan hidrojel malzemeler kirletilen ve yaşlandırılan tuvallere uygulanması neticesinde sonuçlar farklı mikroskobik ve spektroskopik yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Optik mikroskop, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektrofotometresi (FT-IR) analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak malzemelerin karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Study on the Dependence of Energy Resolution on Reflector Material for Inorganic Crystal Scintillators Using the Geant4
Authors: DAĞ Murat
Published: May 2021

The scintillator has played a primary role as the ideal device for the detection and measurement of particles and radiation in modern physics. With the development of experimental physics, the demand for new improved scintillating materials for several types of applications has kept increasing. High efficiency, fast scintillation and good energy resolution are among the most desired specifications as to a good scintillator. Yet, a variety of scintillators can be preferred depending on the precise specifications of the application considered. If the case is that the detection of gamma rays and high-energy electrons or positrons, inorganic crystals are exceptionally suitable scintillator because highly intense light outputs and the strong stopping power enable these type of crystals to provide better energy resolution among all scintillators. In this study, a scintillation detector consisting of inorganic crystal scintillator material (NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl) was modeled with the help of Geant4 scientific toolkit to determine if the energy resolution of the inorganic crystal scintillator detector is dependent on crystalline size and reflector material. In each simulation, different sized crystal covered with a variety of reflector type was exposed to the same energy gamma radiation; the resulting energy spectrum was evaluated and compared to others obtained.
Perlit ve Pomza Agregalı Polimer Betonların Radyasyon Zırhlama Performanslarının Araştırılması
Authors: KAPLAN Ali Nadi , ÖZEL Cengiz
Published: May 2021

Polimer betonların inşaat mühendisliği uygulamalarında kullanımı yüksek mukavemetlerinin yanı sıra çevresel etkilere ve sıvı temasına karşı geçirimsizlik özelliklerinden dolayı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu kapsamda üretilen polimer betonların farklı amaçlar için de kullanılabilirlikleri büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, polyester reçine ile hacimce %0, %15, %30 ve %45 oranlarında perlit ve pomza agregalarının karıştırılmasıyla üretilen polimer betonların radyasyon zırhlama performansları deneysel ve teorik olarak araştırılmıştır. Polimer betonların gama radyasyonu etkisi altındaki radyasyon zırhlama özellikleri deneysel olarak 60Co ve 152Eu radyoaktif kaynakları kullanılarak, teorik olarak ise XCOM programı ile hesaplanmış, her bir polimer beton numunesi için radyasyon zayıflatma katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Son olarak yapılan deneysel çalışmadan ve teorik hesaplamadan elde edilen bulguların birbirleri ile ilişkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış ve elde edilen bulguların birbirleri ile uyum içerisinde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Bazı Yarı Deneysel Formüller Kullanılarak 14.5 MeV Civarında Kalay İzotoplarının (n,p) Nükleer Reaksiyonların Tesir Kesitlerinin Hesaplanması
Authors: TEL Eyyup , ÜNAL Bülent , ŞAHAN Halide
Published: May 2021

Fisyon ve füzyon reaktörlerinin güvenliğinin sağlanabilmesi için kullanılan malzeme ile parçacıklar arasındaki gerçekleşebilecek tüm etkileşimlerin göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Nükleer reaksiyonlara ait tesir kesiti verileri; radyoizotop üretimi, radyasyon zırhlama ve malzeme geliştirme çalışmaları olmak üzere oldukça geniş bir alanda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, günümüz teknolojilerinde pek çok alanda kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılan kalay elementinin füzyon reaktörlerinin zırhlamalarına ait nötronik radyasyon etkileri araştırılmıştır. 112-124Sn hedef çekirdek izotopları için 14.5 MeV yüksek gelme enerjili nötronlarla oluşturulan (n,p) reaksiyonlarına ait tesir kesitleri literatürdeki yeni geliştirilmiş yarı deneysel formüller kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Yarı ampirik teorik formüllerden hesaplanan sonuçlar, EXFOR’dan elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Difüz Optik Tomografi Sistemlerinde Kullanılan Geri Çatım Algoritmaları için İterasyon Sayısını Belirmede Alternatif Bir Yöntem
Authors: SEVİM Gençay , ÜNCÜ Yiğit Ali , CANPOLAT Murat
Published: May 2021

Difüz Optik Tomografi (DOT) sistemleri optik medikal görüntüleme yöntemlerindendir. DOT sistemlerinin görüntü oluşturma aşaması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma da DOT sisteminde kullanılan iteratif geri çatım algoritmaları için ideal iterasyon sayının literatürdeki metotlara alternatif bir metot ile belirlenebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu metodun, kontrast-gürültü oranı (Contrast to Noise Ratio, CNR) metoduna benzer bir çalışma prensibi vardır. Bu metodu test edebilmek için MATLAB programı ile simülasyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Simülasyon verisi oluşturulduktan sonra CNR benzeri iterasyon belirleme algoritması kullanılarak belirlenen iterasyon sayısı ile geri çatım algoritmaları modellenen verinin görüntülerini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen iterasyon belirleme algoritması Kesikli Eşlenik Gradyent (Truncated Conjugate Gradient, TCG), Çift Eşlenik Gradyent (Bi-Conjugate Gradient) ve Transpozu Olmadan Kısmen Minimum Rezidüel (Transpose Free Quasi Minimal Residual, TFQMR) algoritmalarına entegre edilmiştir.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photoelectrochemical Properties of MoS2 decorated TiO2 Nanotubes Electrodes
Authors: BOZKURT ÇIRAK Burcu , EDEN Çiğdem
Published: May 2021

In this research, TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite electrodes were synthesized to investigate the photoelectrochemical performances. Firstly, TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated by anodic oxidation on Ti foil. Then, MoS2 nanostructures were synthesis by hydrothermal method on TiO2 nanotubes. The prepared nanocomposite films were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The transient photocurrent response was analyzed to investigate photoelectrochemical activity of electrodes. The results show that TiO2 nanotube arrays coated with MoS2 nanostructure homogeneously. Furthermore, TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite electrode were shown better photoelectrochemical activity then bare TiO2 electrode.
Sexual and reproductive health “Train The Trainer” programs in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Hughes Felicity R A , Botfield Jessica R , McGeechan Kevin
Published: May 2021

Background

Universal access to reproductive health care including family planning and sexual health care are recognised as human rights and are a key contributor to the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, yet many people across the globe have limited access to information and services to protect their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Universal access cannot be achieved without a skilled health workforce. ‘Train the Trainer’ (TTT) approaches are commonly advocated as cost-effective and sustainable options for building health capacity through up-skilling health workforces.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken to identify the type and extent of the available literature on sexual and reproductive health TTT programs in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries, in order to gain insights to inform practice and fill the knowledge gaps to inform future research. Six databases were used as the source of information (CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Global Health, Medline and Scopus).

Results

A systematic search returned a total of 700 studies. After duplicate removal, 487 studies were screened by year, title and abstract, and 39 studies were identified for full text review. After the full text review, 16 studies were deemed to meet the criteria for final inclusion. Findings show that much of the published literature on SRH TTT programs reports on HIV training in African countries. Thematic analysis revealed a wealth of practical considerations for practitioners wishing to implement SRH TTT programs in LMI country settings.

Conclusions

This scoping review identified a paucity of recent peer-reviewed literature available on SRH TTT programs in LMI country settings. Despite this, a number of practical considerations remain, relating to TTT methodology and design; factors that support or inhibit implementation; and sustainability and scaling up were identified. Future research should focus on adopting stronger outcome evaluation methodology to determine effectiveness of TTT programs; and investigate the application of TTT models across a range of SRH topics in a diverse range of LMI countries.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium from Different Species of Fish in Karbala Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asmaa A.B. , Al-Gburi Nagham M.
Published: May 2021

This study was designed for isolation and molecular identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) from fish during the period between October and December 2017 from Karbla province, Iraq. This study included 200 fresh fish samples from four different species including Spondyliosoma cantharus, Liza abu, Carassius carassius and Cyprinuscarpio. Three samples of each fish were taken including gills, muscles and all internal organs. The samples were processed by decontamination, concentration of 4% sodium hydroxide, and 0.1 ml of sediment was streaking on Löwenstein Johnson (LJ) media; then the bacterial cultures were incubated at 28-30 °C for 3days up to 4 weeks and suspected colonies were stained with acid fast stain to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium. Further identification, biochemical tests were carried out to confirm the diagnosis of isolates, PCR was done using 16s RNA gene for all isolates, hsp65 gene was used in unidentified NTM spp and to confirm the others. Results revealed that out of 200 fish samples, 19 isolates 9.5% were identified as NTM belonged to Rapid Growth Mycobacterium (RGM). of the total isolates, 18.26 % was investigated from Liza abu (Kishni, Abu khraiza). NTM (RGM) isolates on spp level identified six spp of these isolates. M. porcinum was 26.32% which was followed by M. fortuitum of 21.05%, others included M. neworleansense and M. mucogenicum 10.5% of each, M. cosmeticum and M. pallens 5.26% of each. The distribution of NTM spp in the fish organs, nine out of 19 (47.37%) NTM isolate were recovered from gills followed by muscles 36.84 %, while 15.79% from internal organs. These results were the first study concerning isolation of these spp of NTM from fish in Iraq, and some spp are not reported in other studies. This study concluded that the fish is an importance source or reservoir for NTM, especially the pathogenic spp.
Review and Microphysics of the Maximum Electricity Atmospheric Activity in the World: the Catatumbo Lightning (Venezuela)
Authors: Falcón Nelson
Published: May 2021

A review of the state of knowledge and phenomenology on the site of the greatest atmospheric electrical activity in the world, known as the Catatumbo Lightning, located southeast of Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), is presented. A microphysical model is presented to explain the charging process through electrical displacement within the cells of the cloud, incorporating the role of the self-polarization of ice and methane molecules as pyroelectric aerosol, which accounts for the phenomenology and is consistent with electrification in thunderstorm. It is concluded that the pyroelectric model allows to explain the phenomenology of the rapid discharges of the flashes in the Catatumbo lightning and could be applied in outer planetary lightning.
Computerized FDTD Method for Longitudinal Optical Phonon Energy on Semiconductor Hybrid Structure for High Power Devices Fabrication
Authors: Win Phyo Sandar , Swe Hsu Myat Tin , Tun Hla Myo
Published: May 2021

The research problem in this study is the longitudinal optical phonon energy on metal/semiconductor interface for high performance semiconductor device. The research solution is to make the software model with finite difference time domain (FDTD) solution for transmission and reflection pulse between metal and semiconductor interface for carrier dynamics effects. The objective of this study is to find the quantum mechanics understanding on interface engineering for fabricating the high performance device for future semiconductor technology development. The analysis was carried out with the help of MATLAB. The quantum mechanical spatial field on metal-semiconductor stripe structure has been analyzed by FDTD techniques. This emission reveals a characteristic polar radiation distribution of electric dipoles and a wavelength independent of the structure size or the direction of emission; consequently, it is attributed to thermally generate electric dipoles resonating with the longitudinal optical phonon energy. Phonon energy occurs lattice vibration of material by the polarization of light, if the material has rigid structure reflect back the incident light. So, high reflective metal-semiconductor structure always use as photodectors devices in optical fiber communication. No lattice vibration material structure has no phonon effect, so this structure based devices can get high performance any other structure based devices. The transmission and reflection coefficient of metal-semiconductor GaN/Au layer structure compare with GaN/Ti and GaN/Pt structure. Parallel (P) and transverse (S) polarization of light incident on a metal-semiconductor nanolayer structure with IR wavelength. Efficient use of the layer by layer (LbL) method to fabricate nanofilms requires meeting certain conditions and limitations that were revealed in the course of research on model systems.
KÜRESEL ISINMA, HİDROELEKTRİK VE RÜZGÂR ENERJİ ÜRETİMİNDEKİ ARTIŞIN DOĞAL GAZ İTHALATINA ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TAŞCI Hayriye , SÖNMÜŞ Abdulmusa
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye için, doğal gaz ithalat miktarı ile yılın ortalama sıcaklık oranı, rüzgâr ve hidroelektrik enerji kaynaklarına dayalı olarak üretilen elektrik miktarı ve nüfus arasındaki ilişki 1990-2019 dönemlerini kapsayan yıllık verilerle incelenmiş olup Zaman Serileri Analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda yenilenebilir enerji kurulu güç kapasitelerinin ve özellikle rüzgâr enerjisine ve hidroelektrik enerjiye dayalı elektrik üretimlerinin yakın zamanlarda artış göstermesine rağmen ülkedeki enerji talebini karşılayamadığı, özellikle %90 oranında dışa bağımlı olduğu doğal gaz ithalatını azaltmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Küresel ısınmanın konutlarda daha az enerji kullanımına yol azaltacağı beklentisinin halk arasında enerji kullanım alışkanlıklarında değişikliklerin olmaması ve yoğun teknoloji kullanımı sebebiyle gerçekleşmediği sonucuna varılmaktadır.
ANTİK ÇAĞDA KADIN VE HURMA İLİŞKİSİNE DAİR BAZI DÜŞÜNCELER
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Bilsen Şerife
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını -ikonografik bir değerlendirme olmaksızın- Karatepe emziren anne kabartması ve Leto’nun doğum mitosu özelinde hurma ağacının kadınlar ile olan ilişkisi oluşturur. Hurma ağacının Mezopotamya’da ortaya çıkan varlığı, onun önemli bir besin kaynağı olmasıyla güçlenmiş ve zamanla tek başına ya da tanrısal karakterle ilintili dinsel bir anlam kazanmasına da sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu bağlamda onun, Dumuzi, İnanna/İştar, Mulissu gibi tanrı ve tanrıçalarla yakın bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ne var ki, hem kutsalın kendisi hem de tanrının içinde algılandığı bir ağaç olarak hurmanın özellikle kadınlarla olan ilişkisinin ise çok daha derin bir anlam taşıdığına dair veriler mevcuttur. Mezopotamya yazılı belgelerinin aktardıklarına göre hurma zor doğumlarda kadınlara yardım eden ve aynı zamanda kadının besleyici gücüne katkı sağlayan bir ağaçtır. Diğer yandan dikkat çeken önemli bir nokta ise bu durumun bugünün modern tıp verileriyle de doğrulanmış olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla söylenebilir ki, hem Karatepe’de emziren bir anne kabartmasında, hem de bir Yunan mitosundaki doğum tasvirinde hurmanın görülme sebebi kadim halklarca bunun çoktan tecrübe edilmiş olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır
The Adoption of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Concept for Maintenance Procurement of Green Buildings in Malaysia
Authors:   Centre for Building, Construction and Tropical Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, Zolkafli @ Zulkifly Umi Kalsum , Zakaria Norhanim ,   Centre for Building, Construction and Tropical Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, Mohd-Danuri Mohd Suhaimi ,   Centre for Building, Construction and Tropical Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
Published: May 2021

Green building practices play an important role in achieving sustainability, especially in the construction industry. Green buildings are built to minimise the impact on the environment while reducing the impact of the building on the occupants. Unfortunately, the focus is on building green rather than in its maintenance. Correspondingly, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a tool that has been promoted for its simplicity and the advantages of maintaining a delivery system. It assures the maintenance effectiveness of each industry, such as improving project quality, reducing waste, reducing production costs, increasing hardware accessibility and enhancing organisational support conditions. Meanwhile, procurement is considered to be the key to strengthen the maintenance operation of the construction industry. This study adopts the TPM concept for the maintenance of green buildings in Malaysia and aims to present the TPM concept for the maintenance of green buildings, and to establish the best procurement to adopt TPM for the maintenance of green buildings in Malaysia. This study has employed a qualitative approach where face-to-face and telephone interviews have been adopted. Interviews have been conducted with seven prominent respondents who possess more than 5 years of experience in green building maintenance. Content and thematic analyses have been used to analyse the data that are collected from the interviews; findings show that most of the respondents agreed that TPM could be adopted in the maintenance of green buildings. It has also been identified that for a public project the most appropriate procurement method is the facilities management contract whereas for private project the most popular procurements for green building maintenance are the lump sum contract, out-tasking contract and term contract. The results of this study provide practitioners with a new insight into the impromptu creation of a total productive maintenance concept that could improve the current building maintenance sector.
Water Management Policies in Cameroon: Interference Through Technology Transfer
Authors:   University of Bamenda (North West Cameroon), Ndonko Peguy , MFOUABON Mama Moustapha NCHOURUPOUO
Published: May 2021

Water is an indispensable resource for human life and for social and economic development. But Oswaldo de Rivero (2003) notes that ninety-seven percent of all water on the planet is salty, only 3% is fresh and three-quarters of it is concentrated in inaccessible places such as the polar regions and glaciers. Therefore, only a small fraction of the earth's water is fresh and accessible in rivers, lakes and groundwater. According to international hydrological studies carried out by the United Nations and the Stockholm Environment Institute, this small fraction is declining and by 2025, two-thirds of the world's population will be affected by water shortages due to the decrease in the earth's hydraulic cycle caused by the urban population explosion. The search for a balance between population growth and vital resources such as water has a pride of place in the MDGs, which show that disparities in access to water are high, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, and require the pooling of all energies. In Cameroon, the resurgence of endemic water-borne diseases prompted the government to set up a drinking water supply system known as the "Scandinave Water Project." This article attempts to describe the water management policies that eventually led to the re-emergence of water-related diseases. The data for this study were collected between 2006-2009 as part of doctoral studies. This collection is still going on in other localities of the country. This reflection is based on two theoretical approaches: The sociology of knowledge, which, according to David le Breton (2004), strives to identify laws that escape agents carried away by the weight of their class habitus. Knowledge is then viewed as a conquest, an enterprise 'against,' where it is a question of forcing the agent give up a conduct whose motivation he does not know. Science then brings out the hidden, the unknowing, it is an illumination, the revelation of obscure laws of operation to those who live them. Then comes pragmatism, an empirical theory of knowledge of which Widmer (1968) is one of the representatives. The relevance of this theory is measured by its consequences on reality. Pragmatism rehabilitates knowledge as it participates in the mutual construction of the world and brings about changes. The failure of this water supply project is above all the non-involvement of the populations and the lack of communication.
The Impact of Market Outlets Choice on Beekeepers’ Income in Rural Poor: A Case Study of Badakhshan Province
Authors:   Badakhshan University, Afghanistan, Yolchi Jamshid
Published: May 2021

This research carried out to uncover the effect of beekeeping on the income of rural poor and to which extent that market outlet choice affects the income of beekeepers. The findings of Multinomial Logit regression, from 129 questionnaires of 4 districts indicate that there is no relationship between market outlet choice and income of beekeepers. The income of beekeepers is mostly affected by their family size and working experience. But the factors affecting to choose the home selling market outlet is very different from those of three other channels. In order to promote the income of beekeepers, it’s recommended that the government and other involved NGOs work on arrangements on wholesale opportunities for beekeepers. Because over 102 out of 129 samples have indicated that their products aren’t sold out on time. It means that there is a huge opportunity of filling the gap of honey demand in Afghanistan by promoting the links between producers and buyers.