bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertebral lesions in Notiomastodon platensis, Gomphotheriidae, from Anolaima, Colombia
Authors: Zorro-Luján Catalina María , Noè Leslie F. , Gómez-Pérez Marcela , Grouard Sandrine , Chaparro Andrés , Torres Saúl
Published: October 2022

Six vertebrae (one cervical, three articulated thoracic, and two lumbar) and an incomplete thoracic neural spine from a new late Pleistocene site at Anolaima, Cundinamarca, Colombia, are attributed to the extinct gomphothere (Elephantoidea, Proboscidea) Notiomastodon platensis. The preserved bones exhibit a range of alterations, including porosities, piercings, hollows, and deep bone lesions on the spinous process and the neural arch; asymmetrical zygapophyseal articulations; and osteoarthritic lesions. Diet, behaviour, ecological aspects, selective pressures, and disease have the potential to affect the bones, so the study of individual variations and palaeopathology provides important information for understanding aspects of the life of extinct organisms. Osteological anomalies in the Anolaima gomphothere are interpreted as the result of nutritional deficiencies in essential minerals caused by environmental stresses, possibly related to the palaeoenvironmental instability that characterized the late Pleistocene and that coincides with the age of the fossils. Excessive biomechanical loading on already weakened bones from locomotion through the uneven, upland terrain of the Anolaima region may have contributed to the pathologies. This palaeopathological analysis is the first for Colombian megafauna, and thereby broadens our knowledge of the health conditions of South American gomphotheres.
Even simple framing effects are rational
Authors: Flusberg Stephen J. , Thibodeau Paul H. , Holmes Kevin J.
Published: October 2022

Bermúdez persuasively argues that framing effects are not as irrational as commonly supposed. In focusing on the reasoning of individual decision-makers in complex situations, however, he neglects the crucial role of the social-communicative context for eliciting certain framing effects. We contend that many framing effects are best explained in terms of basic, rational principles of discourse processing and pragmatic reasoning.
The ecological benefits of being irrationally moral
Authors: Sirgiovanni Elisabetta
Published: October 2022

Trolley-like dilemmas are other cases of what Bermúdez refers to as (conscious) quasi-cyclical preferences. In these dilemmas, identical outcomes are obtained through morally non-identical actions. I will argue that morality is the context where descriptive invariance and ecological relevance may be crucially distinguished. Logically irrational moral choices in the short term may promote greater social benefits in the longer term.
Mickey Goes to Haiti and Leaves: Disney's Transnational Quest for Cheap Labor in the post-Cold War Era
Authors: Phillips Lisa A. W.
Published: October 2022

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Disney and other United States-based companies found themselves in the position to create a “new world order.” The National Labor Committee (NLC), Haitian grassroots labor organizers, a multimillion member international labor community, concerned shareholders, members of the U.S. Congress, and activists around the world pressured Disney to lead the way to a new global standard by paying a living wage and investing in local infrastructure wherever it did business. Whatever standards Disney enacted, they argued, the rest would follow. Rather than assume the “corporate mantle of responsibility,” Disney ran from the United States to Haiti, then to China, in search of cheap labor, a bigger profit margin, and the ability to do business without scrutiny. Seeing itself as just one entity in a global garment supply chain, Disney claimed responsibility only for licensing its brand to the contractors (U.S.-based) and subcontractors (in Haiti and later China) who handled the actual production of Disney merchandise.
Semidiurnal Internal Tides Observed on the Eastern Flank of Hanna Shoal in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea
Authors: Fang Ying‐Chih , Janout Markus , Kawaguchi Yusuke , Statscewich Hank
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the role of semidiurnal tides in the Hanna Shoal region on the northeastern Chukchi Sea shelf to evaluate their impact on the regional shelf dynamics. The study is based on 2‐year long velocity time series from five oceanographic moorings. These records indicate the dominance of wind‐generated near‐inertial energy during the summer season with low ice cover. However, when the ocean is fully covered by sea ice, tides dominate the variability in the semidiurnal energy band. The records reveal considerable seasonal variability as well as regional differences, where barotropic tides dominate in the well‐mixed waters west of Hanna Shoal while bottom‐trapped internal (depth‐dependent) tides are observed east of Hanna Shoal, where stratification can persist year‐round. Resulting tide‐driven shear in winter east of Hanna Shoal under stratified conditions can occasionally reach the level of a Richardson number below 1 and can be as low as ∼0.25, implying the likelihood of shear instability and potentially eroding lower water column stability. This may lead to upward fluxes of near‐bottom nutrient‐rich Winter Water and thus carries ecosystem implications. Our study indicates that the internal tides east of Hanna Shoal are modulated by the spring‐neap cycle and result from the interaction of barotropic tides with local bathymetry and stratification.
An Ice‐Ocean Model Study of the Mid‐2000s Regime Change in the Barents Sea
Authors: Barton Benjamin I. , Lique Camille , Lenn Yueng‐Djern , Talandier Claude
Published: October 2022

Over the satellite record, the Barents Sea winter maximum in sea ice extent has declined and was increasingly limited to areas north of the Polar Front after 2005 by warming Atlantic Water (AW) and Barents Sea Water (BSW). Sea ice extent here continues to garner interest, not least because it is associated with extreme winter weather in Europe and Asia. Previous model studies suggest there is a possibility that natural variability will cause southward re‐expansion of the lost sea ice cover but reducing uncertainties requires a better understanding of the processes driving BSW variability. To address questions about BSW variability, we used a high‐resolution model validated with observations over 1985–2014 to calculate the watermass transport, heat, and freshwater budgets within the central Barents Sea, south of the Polar Front. The model shows BSW volume minima events in years centering at 1990 and 2004, meaning a reduction in the Barents Sea's volume reservoir (also termed “memory”) of water that is consistent with historical BSW properties. Both events were preceded by extensive winter sea ice and substantial summer net sea ice melt. The event in 2004 was more extreme and led to warming AW occupying a greater volume in the Barents Sea after 2005. The reduced “memory” of BSW volume could impede a return to the more extensive winter sea ice regime and make further reduction in winter sea ice possible.
Global Marine Heatwaves and Cold‐Spells in Present Climate to Future Projections
Authors: Yao Yulong , Wang Chunzai , Fu Yao
Published: October 2022

Marine heatwave (MHW) characteristics, such as total days, average duration, and mean intensity, have increased in most global oceans. In contrast, marine cold‐spell (MCS) characteristics have a decreasing trend over most regions. However, the difference between MHW and MCS in the mean and trend in the present and future climate is unclear. Here, we provide a comparative global assessment of these changes based on satellite sea surface temperature for 1982–2020 and climate model projections for 2021–2070. Globally, there are clear differences in the mean and trend between MHW and MCS metrics. On seasonal timescales, MHWs mainly occur in summer and autumn, while MCSs generally occur in winter and spring. The occurrence area of MHWs shows an increasing trend during 1982–2020, while the occurrence area of MCSs shows an opposite trend. Furthermore, the increasing trend in MHW average duration led to a near‐permanent MHW status in the future projections. Upper‐ocean warming due to anthropogenic forcing is closely related to increase in MHWs and decrease in MCSs. In addition, the shallower ocean mixed layer depth in the future is favorable for the occurrence of MHWs. In contrast, the projected weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation facilitates the occurrence of MCSs in the subpolar North Atlantic. These results provide a global baseline for the difference and relationship between MHW and MCS under present climate and future projections.
Climate Change Determines Future Population Exposure to Summertime Compound Dry and Hot Events
Authors: Zhang Gengxi , Wang Huimin , Gan Thian Yew , Zhang Shuyu , Shi Lijie , Zhao Jin , Su Xiaoling , Song Songbai
Published: October 2022

Compound dry and hot events (CDHEs) have increased significantly and caused agricultural losses and adverse impacts on human health. It is thus critical to investigate changes in CDHEs and population exposure in responding to climate change. Based on the simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), future changes in CDHEs and population exposure are estimated under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios (SSPs) at first. And then the driving forces behind these changes are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the occurrence of CDHEs is expected to increase by larger magnitudes by the end of the 21st century (the 2080s) than that by the mid‐21st century (2050s). Correspondingly, population exposure to CDHEs is expected to increase significantly responding to higher global warming (SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) but is limited to a relatively low level under the modest emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6). Globally, compared to 1985–2014, the exposure is expected to increase by 8.5 and 7.7 times under SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios by the 2080s, respectively. Regionally, Sahara has the largest increase in population exposure to CDHEs, followed by the Mediterranean, Northeast America, Central America, Africa, and Central Asia. The contribution of climate change to the increase of exposure is about 75% by the 2080s under the SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, while that of population change is much lower. The conclusion highlights the importance and urgency of implementing mitigation strategies to alleviate the influence of CDHEs on human society.
Spatial Complexity in Dissolved Organic Matter and Trace Elements Driven by Hydrography and Freshwater Input Across the Arctic Ocean During 2015 Arctic GEOTRACES Expeditions
Authors: Williford Tatiana , Amon Rainer M. W. , Kaiser Karl , Benner Ronald , Stedmon Colin , Bauch Dorothea , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Gerringa Loes J. A. , Newton Robert , Hansell Dennis A. , Granskog Mats A. , Jensen Laramie , Laglera Luis M. , Pasqualini Angelica , Rabe Benjamin , Reader Heather , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel , Yan Ge
Published: October 2022

This study traces dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water masses of the Arctic Ocean and its effect on the distributions of trace elements (TEs; Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd) using fluorescent properties of DOM and the terrigenous biomarker lignin. The Nansen, Amundsen, and Makarov Basins were characterized by the influence of Atlantic water and the fluvial discharge of the Siberian Rivers with high concentrations of terrigenous DOM (tDOM). The Canada Basin and the Chukchi Sea were characterized by Pacific water, modified through contact with productive shelf sediments with elevated levels of marine DOM. Within the surface layer of the Beaufort Gyre, meteoric water (river water and precipitation) was characterized by low concentrations of lignin and tDOM fluorescence proxies as DOM is removed during freezing. High‐resolution in situ fluorescence profiles revealed that DOM distribution closely followed isopycnals, indicating the strong influence of sea‐ice formation and melt, which was also reflected in strong correlations between DOM fluorescence and brine contributions. The relationship of DOM and hydrography to TEs showed that terrigenous and marine DOM were likely carriers of dissolved Fe, Ni, Cu from the Eurasian shelves into the central Arctic Ocean. Chukchi shelf sediments were important sources of dCd, dZn, and dNi, as well as marine ligands that bind and carry these TEs offshore within the upper halocline in the Canada Basin. Our data suggest that tDOM components represent stronger ligands relative to marine DOM components, potentially facilitating the long‐range transport of TE to the North Atlantic.
Strong Heterogeneity in Shallow Lunar Subsurface Detected by Apollo Seismic Data
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jinhai , Mitchell Ross N.
Published: October 2022

Experiencing heavy impacting, the Moon preserves a megaregolith in its shallow subsurface with physical properties that carry implications for lunar history. A strong scattering of seismic waves associated with the heterogeneous lunar megaregolith appears to be systematic, but deriving a statistical law of the random heterogeneities has remained elusive. Apollo seismic data are characterized by ultra‐long coda waves with weak amplitude decay that provide an opportunity to explore the extent of heterogeneity in the lunar crust. We obtain by numerical simulation the appropriate parameters for seismic velocity and density perturbation of the shallow lunar crust that match Apollo seismic data. The perturbations of the shallow lunar crust identified here, which are at least 50%, are much larger than previously thought. This physical behavior thus both confirms a strongly heterogeneous surface layer as well as provides a new constraint on the structural characteristics of the megaregolith.
Long‐Term Relationship Between foF2 From China Ionospheric Stations and Solar Activity During the 24th Solar Activity Cycle
Authors: Cao Boxin , Feng Jing , An Lingling
Published: October 2022

This paper employs the complete data of six ionospheric observation stations in China in the 24th solar activity cycle and researches the variation of frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and the relationship with the solar activity indices. We discover that the dependence of foF2 on the sunspot number (R) and the solar radio flux of 10.7 cm wavelength (F10.7) is strongest in mid‐solar years, and weakest in high solar years. At the same time, the long‐term variation trends of foF2, R and F10.7 in the complete 24th solar activity cycle are analyzed using the mutual information method in information theory. We utilize the linear and nonlinear methods to compare the effects of long term change relationship between foF2 and R during the rising and falling phases of solar activity. The findings reveal that the sunspot number is more suitable to depict the long‐term trend of foF2 in China, and the relationship between them is better described by nonlinear quasi‐polynomial. This result has important implications for improving foF2 forecasts and the prediction accuracy of some ionospheric models.
Ferrostatin-1 alleviates tissue and cell damage in diabetic retinopathy by improving the antioxidant capacity of the Xc--GPX4 system
Authors: Shao Jingzhi , Bai Zhouxian , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Fengyan
Published: October 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication leading to a high blindness rate among patients with diabetes. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides. Studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in DR. The rat model of DR was constructed and treated with Ferrostatin-1 (Ferr-1). Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to detect the degree of retinopathy. Oxidative stress levels were detected by ELISA. Perl’s staining was used to detect iron deposition in retinal tissues. Ferritin levels were measured by ELISA. The expression of GPX4 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GSH/GSSG kit was used to detect the content and proportion of reduced/oxidized glutathione. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. TUNEL assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of GSDMD was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins. Then, high glucose (HG)-induced retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was treated by Erastin (ferroptosis activator) and Ferr-1. CCK-8, ELISA, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to detect oxidative stress levels, ferroptosis and cell damage. The mechanism was further explored by adding ferroptosis agonist Erastin. In vitro and in vivo results showed that oxidative stress was increased in DR model, resulting in ferroptosis and tissue or cell damage. After administration of Ferr-1, the antioxidant capacity was improved, ferroptosis levels were reduced and tissue or cell damage was alleviated. In vitro results showed that Ferr-1 reversed the impacts of Erastin on oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cell damage in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Ferr-1 alleviated tissue and cell damage by improving the antioxidant capacity of the Xc--GPX4 system.
Intake of dietary flavonoids and incidence of ischemic heart disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort
Authors: Parmenter Benjamin H. , Dalgaard Frederik , Murray Kevin , Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Cassidy Aedín , Bondonno Catherine P. , Lewis Joshua R. , Croft Kevin D. , Kyrø Cecilie , Gislason Gunnar , Scalbert Augustin , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Nicola P.
Published: October 2022

Background/Objectives

Few studies have investigated the association between dietary flavonoid intake, including all major subclasses, and the long-term risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined whether dietary flavonoid intake associated with IHD incidence, assessing the possible modifying role of sex and smoking, in participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study.

Subjects/Methods

In a cohort study design, 54,496 adults (46.8% male), aged 50–64 years, without a history of IHD, were followed for up to 23 years. Habitual dietary flavonoid intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires using Phenol-Explorer. Incident cases of IHD were identified within Danish nationwide health registries. Restricted cubic splines in Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between flavonoid intake and IHD risk.

Results

During follow-up, 5560 IHD events were recorded. No overall association was seen between total flavonoid intake, nor any subclass, and IHD, following adjustment for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary confounders. Stratified by sex and smoking status, higher intakes of specific subclasses associated with lower IHD risk among ever-smokers [Q5 vs. Q1 flavonols HR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.82, 0.99); flavanol oligo+polymers: 0.88 (0.80, 0.97)], but not among never-smokers, nor either sex specifically.

Conclusions

While we did not find clear evidence that higher habitual dietary flavonoid intake was associated with lower IHD risk, these results do not exclude the possibility that certain subclasses may have a protective role in prevention of IHD among population sub-groups; this was evident among smokers, who are at a higher risk of atherosclerosis.
Intestine-specific removal of DAF-2 nearly doubles lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans with little fitness cost
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ping , Zhang Wen-Hong , Zhang Pan , Li Qi , Sun Yue , Wang Jia-Wen , Zhang Shaobing O. , Cai Tao , Zhan Cheng , Dong Meng-Qiu
Published: October 2022

Twenty-nine years following the breakthrough discovery that a single-gene mutation ofdaf-2doublesCaenorhabditis eleganslifespan, it remains unclear where this insulin/IGF-1 receptor gene is expressed and where it acts to regulate ageing. Using knock-in fluorescent reporters, we determined thatdaf-2and its downstream transcription factordaf-16are expressed ubiquitously. Using tissue-specific targeted protein degradation, we determined that intracellular DAF-2-to-DAF-16 signaling in the intestine plays a major role in lifespan regulation, while that in the hypodermis, neurons, and germline plays a minor role. Notably, intestine-specific loss of DAF-2 activates DAF-16 in and outside the intestine, causes almost no adverse effects on development and reproduction, and extends lifespan by 94% in a way that partly requires non-intestinal DAF-16. Consistent with intestine supplying nutrients to the entire body, evidence from this and other studies suggests that altered metabolism, particularly down-regulation of protein and RNA synthesis, mediates longevity by reduction of insulin/IGF-1 signaling.
Cell-specific bioorthogonal tagging of glycoproteins
Authors: Cioce Anna , Calle Beatriz , Rizou Tatiana , Lowery Sarah C. , Bridgeman Victoria L. , Mahoney Keira E. , Marchesi Andrea , Bineva-Todd Ganka , Flynn Helen , Li Zhen , Tastan Omur Y. , Roustan Chloe , Soro-Barrio Pablo , Rafiee Mahmoud-Reza , Garza-Garcia Acely , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Wood Thomas M. , Keenan Tessa , Both Peter , Huang Kun , Parmeggian Fabio , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Skehel Mark , Kjær Svend , Fascione Martin A. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Haslam Stuart M. , Flitsch Sabine L. , Malaker Stacy A. , Malanchi Ilaria , Schumann Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Altered glycoprotein expression is an undisputed corollary of cancer development. Understanding these alterations is paramount but hampered by limitations underlying cellular model systems. For instance, the intricate interactions between tumour and host cannot be adequately recapitulated in monoculture of tumour-derived cell lines. More complex co-culture models usually rely on sorting procedures for proteome analyses and rarely capture the details of protein glycosylation. Here, we report a strategy termed Bio-Orthogonal Cell line-specific Tagging of Glycoproteins (BOCTAG). Cells are equipped by transfection with an artificial biosynthetic pathway that transforms bioorthogonally tagged sugars into the corresponding nucleotide-sugars. Only transfected cells incorporate bioorthogonal tags into glycoproteins in the presence of non-transfected cells. We employ BOCTAG as an imaging technique and to annotate cell-specific glycosylation sites in mass spectrometry-glycoproteomics. We demonstrate application in co-culture and mouse models, allowing for profiling of the glycoproteome as an important modulator of cellular function.
Highly nonlinear dipolar exciton-polaritons in bilayer MoS2
Authors: Datta Biswajit , Khatoniar Mandeep , Deshmukh Prathmesh , Thouin Félix , Bushati Rezlind , De Liberato Simone , Cohen Stephane Kena , Menon Vinod M.
Published: October 2022

Realizing nonlinear optical response in the low photon density limit in solid-state systems has been a long-standing challenge. Semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime hosting exciton-polaritons have emerged as attractive candidates in this context. However, the weak interaction between these quasiparticles has been a hurdle in this quest. Dipolar excitons provide an attractive strategy to overcome this limitation but are often hindered by their weak oscillator strength. The interlayer dipolar excitons in naturally occurring homobilayer MoS2 alleviates this issue owing to their formation via hybridization of interlayer charge transfer exciton with intralayer B exciton. Here we demonstrate the formation of dipolar exciton polaritons in bilayer MoS2 resulting in unprecedented nonlinear interaction strengths. A ten-fold increase in nonlinearity is observed for the interlayer dipolar excitons compared to the conventional A excitons. These highly nonlinear dipolar polaritons will likely be a frontrunner in the quest for solid-state quantum nonlinear devices.
SUMMIT: An integrative approach for better transcriptomic data imputation improves causal gene identification
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Bae Ye Eun , Bradley Jonathan R. , Wu Lang , Wu Chong
Published: October 2022

Genes with moderate to low expression heritability may explain a large proportion of complex trait etiology, but such genes cannot be sufficiently captured in conventional transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs), partly due to the relatively small available reference datasets for developing expression genetic prediction models to capture the moderate to low genetically regulated components of gene expression. Here, we introduce a method, the Summary-level Unified Method for Modeling Integrated Transcriptome (SUMMIT), to improve the expression prediction model accuracy and the power of TWAS by using a large expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) summary-level dataset. We apply SUMMIT to the eQTL summary-level data provided by the eQTLGen consortium. Through simulation studies and analyses of genome-wide association study summary statistics for 24 complex traits, we show that SUMMIT improves the accuracy of expression prediction in blood, successfully builds expression prediction models for genes with low expression heritability, and achieves higher statistical power than several benchmark methods. Finally, we conduct a case study of COVID-19 severity with SUMMIT and identify 11 likely causal genes associated with COVID-19 severity.
Three component synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-trione and spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones using GO/SiO2/Co (II)
Authors: Mirheidari Mahnaz , Safaei-Ghomi Javad
Published: October 2022

In this study, a functionalized graphene oxide catalyst (GO/f-SiO2/Co) was successfully synthesized by decorating the graphene oxide surface using the attachment of hybrid silane (silica/nitrogen) and chelation with Co (II). The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Thermal Gravimetric (TGA) analyses. The synthesized catalyst was used as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-trione and spiro triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-tetraones derivatives under solvent-free conditions at 90 °C. The high thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and ability of the catalyst to recycle make the catalyst favorable. In addition, easy work-up procedure and short reaction time with high conversion yields (91–97%) are some benefits of the current method.
Data-driven identification of heart failure disease states and progression pathways using electronic health records
Authors: Nagamine Tasha , Gillette Brian , Kahoun John , Burghaus Rolf , Lippert Jörg , Saxena Mayur
Published: October 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity, healthcare costs, and mortality. Guideline based segmentation of HF into distinct subtypes is coarse and unlikely to reflect the heterogeneity of etiologies and disease trajectories of patients. While analyses of electronic health records show promise in expanding our understanding of complex syndromes like HF in an evidence-driven way, limitations in data quality have presented challenges for large-scale EHR-based insight generation and decision-making. We present a hypothesis-free approach to generating real-world characteristics and progression patterns of HF. Patient disease state snapshots are extracted from the complaints mentioned in unstructured clinical notes. Typical disease states are generated by clustering and characterized in terms of their distinguishing features, temporal relationships, and risk of important clinical events. Our analysis generates a comprehensive “disease phenome” of real-world patients computed from large, noisy, secondary-use EHR datasets created in a routine clinical setting.
Genome-wide association mapping for wheat morphometric seed traits in Iranian landraces and cultivars under rain-fed and well-watered conditions
Authors: Rabieyan Ehsan , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Moghaddam Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh , Mohammadi Valiollah , Alipour Hadi
Published: October 2022

Seed traits in bread wheat are valuable to breeders and farmers, thus it is important exploring putative QTLs responsible for key traits to be used in breeding programs. GWAS was carried out using 298 bread wheat landraces and cultivars from Iran to uncover the genetic basis of seed characteristics in both rain-fed and well-watered environments. The analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker pairs showed that the largest number of significant LDs in landraces (427,017) and cultivars (370,359) was recorded in genome B, and the strongest LD was identified on chromosome 4A (0.318). LD decay was higher in the B and A genomes, compared to the D genome. Mapping by using mrMLM (LOD > 3) and MLM (0.05/m, Bonferroni) led to 246 and 67 marker-trait associations (MTAs) under rain-fed, as well as 257 and 74 MTAs under well-watered conditions, respectively. The study found that 3VmrMLM correctly detected all types of loci and estimated their effects in an unbiased manner, with high power and accuracy and a low false positive rate, which led to the identification of 140 MTAs (LOD > 3) in all environments. Gene ontology revealed that 10 and 10 MTAs were found in protein-coding regions for rain-fed and well-watered conditions, respectively. The findings suggest that landraces studied in Iranian bread wheat germplasm possess valuable alleles, which are responsive to water-limited conditions. MTAs uncovered in this study can be exploited in the genome-mediated development of novel wheat cultivars.
Anxiety in the adult population from the onset to termination of social distancing protocols during the COVID-19: a 20-month longitudinal study
Authors: Hoffart Asle , Bauer Daniel J. , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Ebrahimi Omid V.·
Published: October 2022

The social distancing protocols (SDPs) implemented as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic may seriously influence peoples’ mental health. We used a sample of 4361 Norwegian adults recruited online and stratified to be nationally representative to investigate the evolution of anxiety following each modification in national SDPs across a 20-month period from the onset of the pandemic to the reopening of society and discontinuation of SDPs. The mean anxiety level fluctuated throughout the observation period and these fluctuations were related to the stringency of the modified SDPs. Those with a high initial level almost in unison showed a substantial and lasting decrease of anxiety after the first lifting of SDPs. A sub-group of 9% had developed a persistent anxiety state during the first 3 months. Younger age, pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis, and use of unverified information platforms proved to predict marked higher anxiety in the long run. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of anxiety at the outbreak of the pandemic improved when the social distancing protocols were lifted. By contrast, a sizeable subgroup developed lasting clinical levels of anxiety during the first 3 months of the pandemic and is vulnerable to prolonged anxiety beyond the pandemic period.
Sex difference in the association among nutrition, muscle mass, and strength in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Do Jun Young , Kang Seok Hui
Published: October 2022

Many peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are malnourished, which leads to weakening owing to a decrease in muscle mass. However, this straightforward association could differ based on the sex of individuals. Further, studies on the sex-based association among nutrition, muscle mass, and strength would be helpful in choosing optimal interventions to improve the strength of patients on dialysis. The study aimed to assess the association between these three variables using mediation analysis. This retrospective study included prevalent PD patients (n = 199). Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the appendicular lean mass (ALM) index on the association between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and handgrip strength (HGS). The numbers of PD patients with a low ALM index, low HGS, or low GNRI score were 121 (60.8%), 109 (54.8%), and 70 (35.2%), respectively. The proportion of patients with a low ALM index was lower in females than in males, and those with a low HGS were less in patients without diabetes than that in those with diabetes. Patients ≥ 65 years old had a higher proportion of low ALM index or HGS than those < 65 years old. Low HGS was significantly associated with mortality in both sexes. In males, the HGS was correlated with the GNRI and ALM index; however, in females, partial correlation did not demonstrate an association among the GNRI, ALM index, and HGS. Mediation analysis showed that, in males, the GNRI was associated with HGS, and the association was partially mediated through the ALM index. These data reveal that the ALM index accounts for some, but not all, of the relationship between GNRI and HGS. There is not only a significant relationship between the ALM index and HGS, but also some direct relationship between GNRI and HGS. In females, there was no significant association between the GNRI or ALM index and HGS. These suggest that, for both sexes, nutritional supplementation and exercise should be recommended as the primary intervention for improving strength; however, other interventions for improving muscle quality could be considered as alternatives for maintaining strength in women undergoing PD.
Static mandibular condyle positions studied by MRI and condylar position indicator
Authors: Freudenthaler Josef , Lettner Stefan , Gahleitner André , Jonke Erwin , Čelar Aleš
Published: October 2022

We compared mandibular condyle positions as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a mechanical device, the condylar position indicator (CPI). Both methods assessed 3 mandibular positions in 10 asymptomatic males and 10 asymptomatic females, aged 23 to 37 years, free from temporomandibular disorders: maximum intercuspation, bimanually manipulated centric relation, and the unguided neuromuscular position. Bite registrations were obtained for bimanual operator guidance and neuromuscular position. 3 T MRI scans of both temporomandibular joints produced 3D data of the most superior condylar points in all 3 mandibular positions. Using mounted plaster casts and the same bite registrations, an electronic CPI displayed 3D data of its condylar spheres in these positions. The results showed interclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.03 to 0.66 (95% confidence intervals from 0 to 0.8) and significantly different condyle positions between both methods (p = 0.0012, p < 0.001). The implications of the study emphasize that condyle position is unpredictable and variable. Its exact knowledge requires radiological imaging and should not rely on CPI assessments.
Individual and generational value change in an adult population, a 12-year longitudinal panel study
Authors: Leijen Ingmar , van Herk Hester , Bardi Anat
Published: October 2022

A long-standing conundrum is whether age differences in personality are due to generation, or internal change with age. Using a representative sample from The Netherlands (N = 1599; aged 16–84 at the start), the current research focuses on human values (an important aspect of personality), following the same individuals for 12 years. We distinguish four generations, Silent-generation, Baby-boomers, Generation-X and Millennials. We found clear differences across generations in human values, with Millennials, e.g., valuing hedonism more than all other generations. Furthermore, value change over time was mainly evident in Millennials. Some values (achievement and conformity) were stable within individuals and between generations. Change over time across most values occurred mainly in Millennials, but not for all values. Some values were stable in adults (e.g., hedonism, conformity) while other values still increased (e.g., security, self-direction) or decreased (e.g., power, stimulation) in importance. In adults older than Millennials change decreased and change was absent in the oldest generation. Hence, age differences in values seem both due to generation, as well as internal change, although the latter mainly in young adults. These value changes over time may have implications for developments in societal values in the long run.
The predictive value of eosinophil levels on no-reflow in patients with STEMI following PCI: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mo De-Gang , Wang Chun-Song , Liu Jia-Hui , Li Tai
Published: October 2022

In patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), it is essential to restore myocardial perfusion as soon as possible. However, a considerable proportion of patients have no-reflow. No-reflow increases the risk of major adverse cardiac events and even death. The role of blood eosinophil count in predicting no-reflow in STEMI patients has not been determined, particularly after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of eosinophil counts for no-reflow in patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI. A total of 674 STEMI patients who underwent pPCI were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups according to eosinophil counts for primary analysis and with or without T2DM for secondary analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether eosinophil count was an independent predictor of no-reflow in the entire cohort, and subgroup and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were explored to evaluate its predictive value. DeLong’s test was used to compare the area under curves of the three ROC curves. The low eosinophil count was an independent predictor for no-reflow in whole cohort (adjusted OR: 2.012, 95% CI 1.242–3.259, p = 0.004) and in patients with T2DM (adjusted OR: 4.312, 95% CI 1.878–9.900, p = 0.001). In patients without T2DM, hemoglobin, but not low eosinophil count, was an independent predictor of no-reflow. The results of the ROC curve analysis revealed that a low eosinophil count had moderate predictive efficiency for predicting no-reflow in patients with T2DM, and the power was superior to all populations and patients without T2DM. Our data suggest that decreased eosinophil count was an independent risk factor for no-reflow in patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI, especially in T2DM patients, which provides guidance for clinicians to identify patients at a higher risk of developing no-reflow and lowering their risk.
Predicting radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula success with machine learning
Authors: Heindel Patrick , Dey Tanujit , Feliz Jessica D. , Hentschel Dirk M. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Al-Omran Mohammed , Belkin Michael , Ozaki C. Keith , Hussain Mohamad A.
Published: October 2022

After creation of a new arteriovenous fistula (AVF), assessment of readiness for use is an important clinical task. Accurate prediction of successful use is challenging, and augmentation of the physical exam with ultrasound has become routine. Herein, we propose a point-of-care tool based on machine learning to enhance prediction of successful unassisted radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) use. Our analysis includes pooled patient-level data from 704 patients undergoing new radiocephalic AVF creation, eligible for hemodialysis, and enrolled in the 2014–2019 international multicenter PATENCY-1 or PATENCY-2 randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome being predicted is successful unassisted AVF use within 1-year, defined as 2-needle cannulation for hemodialysis for ≥90 days without preceding intervention. Logistic, penalized logistic (lasso and elastic net), decision tree, random forest, and boosted tree classification models were built with a training, tuning, and testing paradigm using a combination of baseline clinical characteristics and 4–6 week ultrasound parameters. Performance assessment includes receiver operating characteristic curves, precision-recall curves, calibration plots, and decision curves. All modeling approaches except the decision tree have similar discrimination performance and comparable net-benefit (area under the ROC curve 0.78–0.81, accuracy 69.1–73.6%). Model performance is superior to Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative and University of Alabama at Birmingham ultrasound threshold criteria. The lasso model is presented as the final model due to its parsimony, retaining only 3 covariates: larger outflow vein diameter, higher flow volume, and absence of >50% luminal stenosis. A point-of-care online calculator is deployed to facilitate AVF assessment in the clinic.
Phylogenomics reveals the evolution, biogeography, and diversification history of voles in the Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Wang XiaoYun , Liang Dan , Wang XuMing , Tang MingKun , Liu Yang , Liu ShaoYing , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2022

The Hengduan Mountains (HDM) of China are a biodiversity hotspot whose temperate flora and fauna are among the world’s richest. However, the origin and evolution of biodiversity in the HDM remain poorly understood, especially in mammals. Given that the HDM shows the highest richness of vole species in the world, we used whole-exome capture sequencing data from the currently most comprehensive sampling of HDM voles to investigate their evolutionary history and diversification patterns. We reconstructed a robust phylogeny and re-estimated divergence times of the HDM voles. We found that all HDM voles could be divided into a western lineage (Volemys,Proedromys, andNeodon) and an eastern lineage (CaryomysandEothenomys), and the two lineages originated from two migration events from North Eurasia to the HDM approximately 9 Mya. Both vole lineages underwent a significant acceleration of net diversification from 8–5 Mya, which was temporally congruent with the orogeny of the HDM region. We also identified strong intertribal gene flow among the HDM voles and hypothesized that frequent gene flow might have facilitated the speciation burst of the HDM voles. Our study highlights the importance of both environmental and biotic factors in shaping the biodiversity of mammals in mountain ecosystems.
A flexible optical gas pressure sensor as the signal readout for point-of-care immunoassay
Authors: He Kai , Xing Shan , Shen Yang , Jin Chongjun
Published: October 2022

Inspired by the concept of pneumatic micro/nanoscale surface morphing, an optical flexible gas pressure immunosensor constructed with an optical Ag/PDMS BGPS and a SiO2/Pt immunocomplex induced gas-generated reaction element for the sensitive detection of AFP was proposed.
Ultrasensitive catechin electrochemical sensor based on uniform ordered mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHSs) advanced carbon-based conductive materials
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Jiejun , Wang Chenxi , Huang Linzi , Huang Minghui , Wang Yuefan , Tang Xi , Zhao Pengcheng , Xie Yixi , Fei Junjie
Published: October 2022

Fabrication of an electrochemical catechin sensor composed of mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHSs) and its application in actual sample detection. The MCHSs were obtained using a simple one-pot method without a surfactant.
Signal amplification surface-enhanced Raman scattering immunosorbent assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin based on repeated enzyme biocatalytic precipitation
Authors: Fu Cuicui , Zhang Li , Bao Meiqi , Zhang Yue , Li Yalan , Wu Yan , Jung Young Mee
Published: October 2022

Schematic of the SERS immunoassay amplified by repeated enzymes based on TSA.
Analysis of solid uranium particulates on cotton swipes with an automated microextraction-ICP-MS system
Authors: Bradley Veronica C. , Spano Tyler L. , Thompson Cyril V. , Ticknor Brian W. , Dunlap Daniel R. , Metzger Shalina C. , Hexel Cole R. , Manard Benjamin T.
Published: October 2022

An automated microextraction method coupled to an inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was developed for the direct analysis of solid uranium particulates on the surface of cotton swipes.
Correction: Inflammatory serum factors from aortic valve stenosis patients modulate sex differences in valvular myofibroblast activation and osteoblast-like differentiation
Authors: Vogt Brandon J. , Anseth Kristi S. , Aguado Brian A.
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Inflammatory serum factors from aortic valve stenosis patients modulate sex differences in valvular myofibroblast activation and osteoblast-like differentiation’ by Brandon J. Vogt et al., Biomater. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2bm00844k.
Disassembly of DNA origami dimers controlled by programmable polymerase primers
Authors: Liao Kangchao , Chen Kuiting , Xie Chun , Chen Zhekun , Pan Linqiang
Published: October 2022

The disassembly of DNA origami dimers with programmable primers, driven by polymerase-triggered strand displacement.
A redox-active Mn(0) dicarbene metalloradical
Authors: Karagiannis Ageliki , Tyryshkin Alexei M. , Lalancette Roger A. , Spasyuk Denis M. , Washington Asmaa , Prokopchuk Demyan E.
Published: October 2022

A rare redox-active Mn(0) dicarbene anion with solvent-dependent electrochemical behaviour has been synthesized and thoroughly characterized.
Recent advances in the synthesis and reactivity of MIDA boronates
Authors: Aich Debasis , Kumar Parveen , Ghorai Debraj , Kanti Das Kanak , Panda Santanu
Published: October 2022

MIDA boronates have been widely applied as building blocks in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals precursors. This review highlights recent advances and provides a comprehensive summary of their synthesis and reactivity.
The development of an Ir and Sr-codoped KNbO3 photocatalyst as an O2-evolving photocatalyst for Z-schematic water splitting under visible light irradiation
Authors: Iwase Akihide , Sakamoto Rikako , Misono Haruka
Published: October 2022

A novel Z-scheme system for water splitting was constructed using a newly developed Ir and Sr-codoped KNbO3 photocatalyst for O2 evolution.
Unexpected triaxial preferences in some all-syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexanes
Authors: Yu Cihang , Piscelli Bruno A. , Maharik Nawaf Al , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , O'Hagan David
Published: October 2022

Theory and solution NMR indicate that all-syn 1,3,5-trifluorocyclohexane adopts the expected tri-equatorial conformation, however in the solid state the more polar triaxial conformation is observed.
Facial vs. meridional coordination in gaseous Ni(ii)–hexacyclen complexes revealed with infrared ion spectroscopy
Authors: Munshi Musleh Uddin , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos
Published: October 2022

The infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectrum of the hexa-coordinated complex of hexacyclen (18-azacrown-6) with Ni2+ shows that the complex has a meridional – and not facial – chelation geometry in the gas phase.
Reversibly switchable methanofullerene by photoexcitation and reduction
Authors: Gracheva Sofia V. , Yankova Tatiana S. , Kosaya Maria P. , Brotsman Victor A. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Lukonina Natalia S. , Goryunkov Alexey A.
Published: October 2022

A cyclopropanated derivative of the trifluoromethylated fullerene Cs-C70(CF3)8 demonstrates reversible switching behavior triggered by excited state electron transfer or by negative charging.
The optical properties of dumbbell-type nanorods for solar photothermal conversion
Authors: Sun Chunlei , Qin Caiyan , Zou Yuan , Liu Haotuo , Zhang Bin , Wu Xiaohu
Published: October 2022

In this work, a dumbbell-type nanorod is designed and investigated. The dumbbell-shaped nanorod can excite electrical and magnetic resonance to enhance solar absorption while reducing scattering.
An accurate full-dimensional H4O potential energy surface and dynamics of an exchange reaction
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Yang , Guo Hua , Li Jun
Published: October 2022

A machine learned accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface of the H2 + H2O system is developed for a reliable description of collision-induced dissociations and the exchange reaction with a four-center transition state.
Insights into the alkylation of benzene with olefins: effect of chain length of the olefins
Authors: Xing Shi-Yong , Zhao Yue-Hua , Wang Tie-Feng , Han Ming-Han
Published: October 2022

Herein, the structure–reactivity relationship has been elucidated from a different perspective by using olefins with different sizes.