bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agrarkrisen, Institutionen und gesellschaftlicher Wandel : der Agrarwandel bei den Sereer Ndut im westlichen Senegal aus der Sicht der Neuen Institutionellen Anthropologie
Authors: Martin B.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Die durch eine defizitäre Getreideproduktion und Umweltdegradierung gekennzeichnete Agrarkrise bei den Sereer Ndut im westlichen Senegal kann nicht mit dem Neo-Malthusianismus, den unifaktoriellen Theorien oder der Politischen Ökologie erklärt werden. Als Alternative bietet sich die Neue Institutionelle Anthropologie an. Diese untersucht die Zusammenhänge von äußeren Rahmenbedingungen und Gesellschaftsstruktur (Institutionen, Organisationen, Verhandlungsmacht, Ideologie), die daraus resultierenden Verteilungseffekte sowie die sozialen und politischen Handlungen. Auf der Grundlage von qualitativen Interviews konnte die Anwendbarkeit der Neuen Institutionellen Anthropologie auf den Agrarwandel bei den Sereer Ndut aufgezeigt werden: In vorkolonialer Zeit bestand für die Bauern aufgrund der «außenpolitischen » Unsicherheit sowie der verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Institutionen und der vorherrschenden Ideologie ein starker Anreiz zu einer intensiven und ressourcenschonenden Landnutzung. Aufgrund der Emanzipationsbestrebungen der Jugendlichen seit der Kolonialzeit wurden die gesellschaftlichen Institutionen aufgegeben. Infolge der Arbeitsmigration ihrer Verwandten nach Dakar, die sich im Zusammenhang mit den großen Dürreperioden der 1970er Jahre ausweitete und sich von einer saisonalen zu einer ganzjährigen Emigration entwickelte, sowie aufgrund der Geldtransfers der Migranten können die Bauern heute Importreis kaufen und im Gegenzug den eigenen Hirseanbau einschränken.
Les agglomérations transfrontalières : des systèmes urbains en voie d'intégration? : les espaces urbains de la "frontière" du territoire français
Authors: Reitel B.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. En tant que limite politique signifiante, la frontière a joué un rôle majeur dans la construction du territoire national de la France. Elle n'a cependant pas été qu'une barrière: une quinzaine d'agglomérations transfrontalières s'y sont formées. L'objectif de cet article consiste à évaluer le degré d'intégration de 15 agglomérations situées sur les frontières de France, dans une perspective de construction européenne et de dévaluation des frontières nationales. L'étude s'appuie sur deux dimensions: l'une spatiale (organisation, pratiques). l'autre territoriale (p. ex. politiques de coopération, projets). Les résultats d'une analyse multivariée montrent que l'importance de la dimension territoriale est liée aux formes de l'intégration spatiale. En s'appuyant sur les propriétés des frontières décrites par Raffestin (1986) et sur le modèle des interactions sociales dans les espaces transfrontaliers proposé par Martinez (1994), il apparaît que la construction européenne se traduit au niveau local par un passage d'une situation de coexistence (des territoires urbains juxtaposés, situés dans des cadres nationaux contigus) à une Situation d'interdépendance (des territoires urbains appartenant à une entité supranationale, entre lesquels s'effectuent des interactions croissantes). Les frontières sont devenues des objets d'articulation: les agglomérations peuvent être assimilées à des territoires de «l'entre-deux». Dans ce contexte, les grandes cités possèdent un potentiel élevé d'intégration: la concentration des ressources financières. politiques et humaines et la proximité de la frontiere leur permet de percevoir des enjeux, de penser la frontière et son dépassement et d'élaborer une stratégie de territorialisation transfrontalière.
Les âges de la ville : mobilité résidentielle, parcours de vie et attractivité des villes suisses
Authors: Rérat P. , Piguet E. , Besson R. , Söderström O.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. La question de l’attractivité résidentielle des villescentres se pose aujourd’hui avec une acuité renforcée par le succès du modèle de la ville compacte comme alternative à l’étalement urbain. Le rôle que pourraient jouer les personnes âgées dans un éventuel «retour en ville» a souvent été évoqué sans faire jusqu’ici l’objet d’analyses spécifiques. S’insérant dans le prolongement de ces réflexions, cette contribution étudie la mobilité résidentielle selon les classes d’âge dans 14 villes-centres de Suisse entre 1995 et 2000. Un double effet de l’âge est mis en évidence: sur le degré de mobilité d’une part, sur la direction des migrations d’autre part. Si les villes attirent les jeunes, elles perdent des habitants dans les autres classes d’âge. L’hypothèse d’un retour en ville des seniors qui souhaiteraient bénéficier des aménités urbaines est ainsi rejetée pour la période considérée.
Ermittlung des monetären Werteinventars als Basis von Analysen naturgefahreninduzierter Risiken in Tirol (Österreich)
Authors: Huttenlau M. , Stötter J.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Im Rahmen von Risikoanalysen besitzt die Quantifizierung und Monetarisierung der potenziellen Risikoelemente zur Ermittlung des Werteinventars eine wesentliche Rolle, speziell bei regionalen Maßstabsebenen bestehen jedoch große Unsicherheiten. Durch eine differenzierte Bearbeitung und die Anwendung von repräsentativen, aus einzelnen Versicherungspolicen analysierten Werten können diese Unsicherheiten wesentlich minimiert werden. Eingebunden in eine moderne (Geo-)Datenbankstruktur entsteht ein effizientes Instrument für Expositions- und Folgenanalysen naturgefahreninduzierter Risiken.
Veränderte Prozesse der Entscheidungsfindung in der Raumentwicklung
Authors: Wezemael J. , Loepfe M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Ausgehend von veränderten Problemstellungen in der aktuellen Raumentwicklung setzt sich der vorliegende Artikel zum Ziel, planerische Lösungsversuche als komplexe Prozesse der Entscheidungsfindung zu konzipieren. Hierbei wird der Umgang mit Unsicherheit als Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen gewählt. Durch Aufzeigen dreier aktueller, kontextuell deutlich unterschiedlicher Planungsprojekte aus der Schweiz werden deren bestimmende Momente identifiziert und als «Kipp-Punkte» konzipiert. In der Diskussion wird schliesslich die aktuell brisante Frage aufgegriffen, ob und inwiefern die laufende Revision des Raumplanungsgesetzes in der Schweiz auf die Projekt- und Aufgabenorientierung der Planung eingehen kann. Bezugnehmend auf eigene empirische Befunde und auf Karen S. Christensen’s Votum, wonach Planer ihre Vorgehensweisen den jeweiligen Situationen anpassen sollten, folgert der Beitrag, dass Planer dabei je nach gesetzlichen Bedingungen behindert oder unterstützt werden.
Impacts of tourism on geomorphological processes in the Bucegi Mountains in Romania
Authors: Mihai B. , Reynard E. , Werren G. , Savulescu I. , Sandric I. , Chitu Z.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The Bucegi Mountains are situated in the Curvature Carpathians close to the metropolitan area of Bucharest. Tourism has been promoted on the Bucegi Plateau since the 1930s with the establishment then of several hotels and chalets. During the communist period after World War II, the area targeted mass tourism with the creation of a large network of hiking paths. Increased heating needs led to the almost complete removal of dwarf pine cover. The current situation is characterised by intense vegetation and soil degradation and by active gullying along the hiking trails and around the main tourist infrastructures. This study proposes a strategy for sustainable tourism development on the plateau based on an analysis of both local tourist infrastructure development during the 20th century and impacts of tourism on vegetation and soil erosion during the last decade. It is argued that erosion can be counterbalanced by redesigning the tourist path network, rehabilitating the degraded slopes and raising the awareness of tourists concerning geomorphological processes.
La structure de la carte géographique : approche épistémologique ternaire
Authors: Cosinschi M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Cet article prend pour objet les aspects pragmatiques de la carte géographique à travers un référentiel épistémologique ternaire explicite. Ainsi le regard sur la structure de la carte fait référence à une logique de juxtaposition|superposition/imbrication permettant d’aborder les questions d’échelle et de légende, les deux axes coordonnateurs structurant le champ de la représentation du territoire en carte. Leur interaction commande l’émergence, dans l’espace de l’entre-deux, du tiers concept diagonal, celui de l’implantation cartographique, la carte elle-même, obéissant à ses propres règles de représentation schématique.
Débats publics et urbanité à Québec
Authors: Villeneuve P. , Trudelle C. , Pelletier M. , Joerin F.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. La suburbanisation de Québec s’est déroulée à un rythme rapide au cours des cinquante dernières années, ce qui n’a pas manqué d’entraîner des débats de plus en plus amples sur les avantages et les inconvénients des genres de vie urbains et suburbains. Les quartiers centraux, après avoir perdu près de la moitié de leur population entre 1950 et 1990, ont connu une reprise démographique, particulièrement vive entre 1996 et 2001. Cette reprise, vue ici comme une forme de revalorisation des genres de vie urbains, semble associée assez étroitement avec la vigueur des débats publics portant sur des enjeux de développement à l’échelle des quartiers. Ce processus politique jouerait même un plus grand rôle dans cette revalorisation que les mécanismes économiques généralement associés à l’hypothèse du «rent gap». Toutefois, les effets de démocratisation locale associés à ce processus pourraient être remis en question par le régime élitiste de gouvernance par projets en train de s’implanter dans la ville.
Espaces publics et diversité sociale : introduction au cahier thématique
Authors: Bühler E.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Les scientifiques ne parviennent guère à saccorder sur la signification précise de la notion despace public voir Staeheli & Mitchell 2007). La confusion baby lonienne qui entoure ce concept Selle 2008) peut être expliquée par au moins trois raisons. Premièrement, il nexiste aucune distinction claire entre les termes espace public et sphère publique. Deuxièmement, le terme despace public est entouré dune connotation fortement normative Belina 2005), ce qui ne facilite pas la vision analytique des processus qui conduisent à la construction des espaces publics. Troisièmement, il nexiste pas de consensus relatif à la direction prise par le changement de fonction de lespace public contem porain. Dans les lignes qui suivent, nous revenons briè vement sur chacun de ces trois aspects pour ensuite positionner la contribution de ce cahier thématique par rapport à lespace public et à la diversité sociale.
Räume der Unsicherheit : Konstruktion, Emanzipation und Exklusion durch Sicherheitspolitik
Authors: Hagmann J.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Die kritischen Sicherheitsstudien befassen sich seit den neunziger Jahren mit der Frage, wie Gefahrendiskurse politische Landschaften von Inklusion und Exklusion erschaffen, wie sie die gesellschaftliche Meinungsbildung strukturieren, und wie sie die sicherheitspolitische Handhabung des öffentlichen Raumes definieren. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine Einführung in die in der Schweiz noch immer wenig bekannten kritischen Sicherheitsstudien. Er fasst die konzeptionellen Überlegungen ihrer heutigen Denkschulen zusammen, und er illustriert sie anhand praktischer Fallbeispiele aus der jüngeren schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik. Ziel des Artikels ist es aufzuzeigen, wie Sicherheitspolitiken verschiedene politische Räumlichkeiten erschaffen und gestalten, wodurch ein Dialog zwischen der Politischen Geographie und der Disziplin der Internationalen Beziehungen geschaffen werden soll.
"Ungoverned territories" : eine konzeptuelle Innovation im "War on Terror"
Authors: Schetter C.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Der Begriff «ungoverned territories» avancierte jüngst zu einem häufig verwendeten Terminus in der US-amerikanischen Sicherheitspolitik. Konzeptuell knüpft die Begrifflichkeit an die «failed states»- Debatte an. So lautet das Argument, dass mangelnde staatliche Raumkontrolle «ungoverned territories» bedingt, aus denen terroristische Gefahren drohen. Damit erfährt Terrorismus eine konzeptuelle und konkrete Lokalisierung. Anliegen dieses Beitrags ist es, die Verwendung dieser raumbezogenen Rhetorik in der US-amerikanischen Sicherheitspolitik zu untersuchen; zudem zielt dieser Artikel darauf ab, wie eine ideologische konzeptuelle Innovation durch gezielt eingesetzte Unschärfen und Pauschalisierungen Wirkmacht in US-amerikanischen Sicherheitsdiskursen entfalten kann, und wie diese gleichzeitig als Legitimationsgrundlage für politische und militärische Handlungen dient.
Verflüssigende (Un-) Sicherheiten : über Räumlichkeiten des Strassenhandels am Beispiel Brasiliens
Authors: Redepenning M. , Neef H. , Gomes E.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Der Artikel untersucht die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Räumlichkeiten im Zuge der Unterscheidung von Sicherheit und Unsicherheit. Am Beispiel des Strassenhandels in brasilianischen Städten wird zunächst gezeigt, wie dieser seitens stadtentwicklungspolitischer Akteure als ein Element der Unsicherheit gerahmt wird. Es wird ferner dargelegt, dass sich einige Massnahmen zur Minimierung dieser Unsicherheit einer raumbezogenen Strategie der Einhegung in feste Containerräume bedienen. Dies steht jedoch im Widerspruch zu den spezifischen Räumlichkeiten des Strassenhandels. So stellt die von der Politik als unsicher bewertete metrisch-räumliche und nicht-metrischräumliche Bewegung des Strassenhandels gerade für die einzelnen Strassenhändler ein Element sozialer Sicherheit dar. Wir handeln die metrisch-räumliche Bewegung des Strassenhandels mit dem Begriff des Blasenraumes (Costa 1989) und die nicht-metrischräumliche Bewegung mit dem Konzept des flüssigen Raumes (Mol & Law 1994) ab. Wir betonen, dass es bei der Herstellung sozialer Ordnung wichtig ist, die spezifischen Räumlichkeiten, die in sozialen Systemen ausgebildet werden, im Blick zu behalten.
Les villes au piège de la précarité : généalogie d'un souci des usages fragiles de l'espace urbain
Authors: Mager C. , Matthey L.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Cette contribution questionne la montée de la précarité dans les centres urbains en Suisse. Elaborant une perspective réflexive et critique, elle détaille tout d'abord les mécanismes économiques, institutionnels et les effets de lieux qui la fondent. Dans un deuxième temps, ce sont les modalités émergentes d'accompagnement des usages fragiles de la ville qui sont explicitées. Deux types de sources sont mobilisées: des données et conclusions tirées de la littérature spécifique; des données d'enquêtes réalisées depuis 2004 à l'Observatoire de la ville et du développement durable de l'Université de Lausanne.
Editorial Theorie der Entwicklung – Entwicklung der Theorie Post-Development und Postkoloniale Theorien als Herausforderung für eine Geographische Entwicklungsforschung
Authors: Neuburger M. , Schmitt T.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. No abstract available.
A framework for evaluating regional hydrologic sensitivity to climate change using archetypal watershed modeling
Authors: Lopez S. R. , Hogue T. S. , Stein E. D.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The current study focuses on the development of a regional framework to evaluate hydrologic and sediment sensitivity due to predicted future climate variability using developed archetypal watersheds. The developed archetypes are quasi-synthetic watersheds that integrate observed regional physiographic features (i.e., geomorphology, land cover patterns, etc.) with synthetic derivation of basin and reach networks. Each of the three regional archetypes (urban, vegetated and mixed land covers) simulates satisfactory hydrologic and sediment behavior compared to historical observations (flow and sediment) prior to the climate sensitivity analysis. Climate scenarios considered increasing temperature estimated from the IPCC and precipitation variability based on historical observations and expectations. Archetypal watersheds are modeled using the Environmental Protection Agency's Hydrologic Simulation Program–Fortran model (EPA HSPF) and relative changes to streamflow and sediment flux are evaluated. Results indicate that the variability and extent of vegetation play a key role in watershed sensitivity to predicted climate change. Temperature increase alone causes a decrease in annual flow and an increase in sediment flux within the vegetated archetypal watershed only, and these effects are partially mitigated by the presence of impervious surfaces within the urban and mixed archetypal watersheds. Depending on extent of precipitation variability, urban and moderately urban systems can expect the largest alteration to flow regimes where high flow events are expected to become more frequent. As a result, enhanced wash-off of suspended-sediments from available pervious surfaces is expected.
Predictions for oil slicks detected from satellite images using MyOcean forecasting data
Authors: Zodiatis G. , Lardner R. , Solovyov D. , Panayidou X. , De Dominicis M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The pan-European capacity for the Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting (MyOcean) Marine Core Service, implementing the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) objectives, targets the provision of ocean state observations from various platforms and analysis and forecasting products to assist, among other downscaling activities, the needs of the operational response to marine safety, particularly concerning oil spills. The MEDSLIK oil spill and trajectory prediction system makes use of the MyOcean regional and Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System (CYCOFOS) downscaled forecasting products for operational application in the Mediterranean and pre-operational use in the Black Sea. Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) satellite remote sensing images from the European Space Agency (ESA) and European Maritime Safety Agency CleanSeaNet (EMSA-CSN) provide the means for routine monitoring of the southern European seas for the detection of illegal oil discharges. MEDSLIK offers various ways, to be described in this paper, of coupling the MyOcean forecasting data with ASAR images to provide both forecasts and hindcasts for such remotely observed oil slicks. The main concern will be the drift of the oil slick and also, in the case of the forecast mode, its diffusive spreading, although some attempt is also made to estimate the changes in the state of the oil. The successful link of the satellite-detected oil slicks with their operational predictions using the MyOcean products contributes to the operational response chain and the strengthening of maritime safety for accidental or illegal spills, in implementation of the Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety (MEDESS-4MS) regarding oil spills.
Micrometeorological conditions and surface mass and energy fluxes on Lewis glacier, Mt Kenya, in relation to other tropical glaciers
Authors: Nicholson L. , Prinz R. , Mölg T. , Kaser G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The Lewis Glacier on Mt Kenya is one of the best-studied tropical glaciers, but full understanding of the interaction of the glacier mass balance and climate forcing has been hampered by a lack of long term meteorological data. Here we present 2.5 yr of meteorological data collected from the glacier surface from October 2009–February 2012, which indicate that mean meteorological conditions in the upper zone of Lewis Glacier are comparable to those experienced in the ablation zones of South American tropical glaciers. In the context of other glaciated mountains of equatorial east Africa, the summit zone of Mt Kenya shows strong diurnal cycles of convective cloud development as opposed to the Rwenzoris where cloud cover persists throughout the diurnal cycle and Kilimanjaro where clear skies prevail. Surface energy fluxes were calculated for the meteorological station site using a physical mass- and energy-balance model driven by hourly measured meteorological data and additional input parameters that were determined by Monte Carlo optimization. Sublimation rate was lower than those reported on other tropical glaciers and melt rate was high throughout the year, with the glacier surface reaching the melting point on an almost daily basis. Surface mass balance is influenced by both solid precipitation and air temperature, with radiation providing the greatest net source of energy to the surface. Cloud cover typically reduces the net radiation balance compared to clear sky conditions, and thus the more frequent formation of convective clouds over the summit of Mt Kenya, and the associated higher rate of snow accumulation are important in limiting the rate of mass loss from the glacier surface. The analyses shown here are the basis for glacier-wide mass and energy balance modeling to determine the climate proxy offered by the glaciers of Mt Kenya.
Erratum
Authors: Cohn Ellen R.
Published: December 2012

Correction to:  Schutte, J., Gales, S., Filippone, A., Saptono, A., Parmanto, B., & McCue, M. (2012). Evaluation of a telerehabilitation system for community-based rehabilitation.  International Journal of  Telerehabilitation, 4(1), 25-32.  doi:10.5195/ijt.2012.6092 For the article listed above, the names of authors Bambang Parmanto and Ashlee Filippone had been cited incorrectly in the: Accessible Table of Contents (rtf) doi: 10.5195/ijt.2012.6085; Table of Contents (pdf) doi: 10.5195/ijt.2012.6085; and online abstract.
Characterization of GPX1 and DIO1 Genes in Bubalus Bubalis
Authors: Dureja Vandana , Singh Sumer , Rana S , Banerjee P , Joshi J , Tantia M S , Vijh R K
Published: December 2012

Selenoprotein genes contain selenium in the form of selenocysteine which is involved in protecting the cells from oxidative stress. Soils in India differ greatly in selenium concentrations affecting feed stuffs for selenium availability. Selenoproteins have recently been identified in variety of living organisms including humans which have 25 selenoprotein genes. Among these families of selenoprotein genes, we sequenced Gpx1 gene (Glutathione peroxidases1) and Dio1 gene (Iodothyronine deiodinases) in Bubalus bubalis. Gpx1 is most abundant and ubiquitously expressed selenoprotein which helps to protect against the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen rich free radicals whereas Dio1 is expressed mainly in liver, thyroid gland and adipose tissue, its main function is to convert tetraiodothyronine (T4)  to its active form thyroxine (T3) in the presence of deiodinases enzyme. The main aim of the study was to characterize these two genes and to find out the buffalo specific SNPs. This was accomplished by designing primers using cattle database and sequencing a panel of 24 samples consisting of 6 diverse breeds of buffalo. Gpx1 consisted of 2 exons (Accession ID: JQ031269) while Dio1 comprised 4 exons (Accession ID: JQ791197). In Gpx1 gene, 9 SNPs were recorded and 4 were non synonymous, changing amino acid were distributed equally in both exon. In exon 1, A141G (aa Q5R) and G161A (aa A12T); and in exon 2 C785T (aa R132W) and A808T (aa S139R). In Dio1 gene, 3 non synonymous SNPs were identified at A188G (aa H22R), C215G (aa T31R) and G941A (aa V146I). These SNPs are novel and reported for the first time in Indian buffalo and has a potential for their use in diversity analysis and association with various selenium related traits.
Canein the Magazines:
Authors: Dahn Eurie
Published: December 2012

While critics have puzzled over and tried to explain the formal experimentation of Jean Toomer's Cane, the text's embeddedness in global periodical networks has been mostly overlooked. Toomer's writings, before and after Cane, were published in periodicals, particularly modernist little magazines and The Crisis magazine, and I argue that analyses of Cane's hybrid form must take into account Toomer's publication of portions of Cane in various magazines before publishing it as a book. Reading Cane through the lens of periodical studies reanimates our understanding of the text, its readership, and the periodicals in the context of regional, national, and global networks.
Do Illustrations Improve Children's Comprehension of Assent Documents?
Authors: Adcock Kim G. , Hogan Shirley M. , Elci Okan U. , Mills Keri L.
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess children's comprehension of a new assent booklet, (KidSent), which uses pictures and written information.

STUDY DESIGN

A randomized, crossover study evaluated the comprehension of assent documents by children, 7 to 11 years of age at a local elementary school. The two types of documents tested were the standard assent form and the KidSent Assent Booklet. Participants were randomized as to which test document they received first by using a cluster randomization design. Participants read the document and then took a short quiz. The process was repeated for the other document on a separate day. Study participants were assigned a percentage score and a binary perfect score for each quiz. Mixed effects logistic and linear regression models with random intercepts were applied to the continuous percent quiz scores and binary perfect quiz scores, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 190 participants completed the standard quiz, and 195 students completed the booklet quiz. A statistically significant difference in perfect quiz scores (p=0.004) and percent quiz scores (p≤0.001) between booklet and standard form was noted.

CONCLUSIONS

The quiz scores may indicate that the style of document is not the only factor influencing participant understanding.
Universidad y empresa ante la doble crisis del periodismo tradicional. Propuestas y reflexiones sobre la modificación sustancial del escenario periodístico. El clúster periodístico
Authors: Sabés Turmo Fernando , Verón Lassa José Juan
Published: December 2012

Este artículo analiza los cambios que está viviendo la profesión periodística partiendo de dos variables: la tecnología y la actual crisis que afecta directamente al sector. En el texto se aborda la necesidad de profundizar en las raíces del periodismo, en las formas de hacer, y no caer únicamente en el perfil tecnológico que en los últimos años ha invadido la profesión. Aborda la necesidad de debatir sobre los títulos en las facultades de la comunicación acercándose a la realidad cambiante del mundo profesional y aboga por la emprendeduría y la creación de clusters periodísticos como vías de futuro.
Un directorio especializado sobre estudios fílmicos
Authors: Albiñana Bertomeu Ricardo
Published: December 2012

El propósito general de este trabajo es presentar comunicacioninvisible.net, un directorio temático especializado (DTE) en el campo de los estudios fílmicos. Diseñado específicamente para la investigación, enseñanza y aprendizaje virtual de la comunidad académica y profesional, describe, clasifica y proporciona acceso a la consulta de bases de datos de contenido abierto disponibles en la web, considerando especialmente la calidad de su contenido, accesibilidad y usabilidad. Para la selección adecuada de los contenidos se ha realizado un cuestionario dirigido a docentes, investigadores y profesionales de la comunicación audiovisual y cinematografía.
Periodismo científico, el puente entre el laboratorio y la sociedad
Authors: Cañellas María Jesús
Published: December 2012

Artículo para la sección Tribuna de adComunica.
Jóvenes emprendedores y sus proyectos de Comunicación en la red: estudio de caso de Periodistas en potencia y Portal del Sur
Authors: Segarra Saavedra Jesús , Páramo Galdón Patricia , Puebla Martínez Belén
Published: December 2012

La situación de crisis económica en la que vivimos ha generado que los profesionales de la comunicación deban emprender nuevas iniciativas para poner en marcha y desarrollar sus propios proyectos laborales. Internet permite desarrollar estas iniciativas de una forma autónoma. Este hecho ayuda a que los jóvenes universitarios de comunicación, enfrentados a un escenario tan precario al finalizar sus estudios, se decanten por crear su propia empresa y comenzar así una experiencia de microperiodismo con sus compañeros. Se trata de un cambio de roles integral. En lugar de buscar/encontrar un trabajo donde están supervisados por profesionales con más experiencia, se convierten en sus propios jefes adquiriendo y poniendo en práctica las funciones de periodistas y empresarios simultáneamente. Es el caso de Periodistas en Potencia (portal de reportajes audiovisuales especializados en temática cultural) y de Portal del Sur (página web dedicada a la actualidad de los municipios del nudo sur de Madrid). Dos proyectos desarrollados en la red realizados por alumnos y ex alumnos de periodismo y de comunicación audiovisual de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid. Para este artículo se realiza un análisis de contenido de los portales mencionados, así como entrevistas en profundidad a los creadores de las webs, con el fin de conocer las experiencias formativas de estos periodistas recién graduados y las nuevas tendencias del mercado laboral y microempresarial. Por tanto, el problema de investigación se centra tanto en los productos como en los periodistas que los crean. Los resultados mostrarán las necesidades formativas que estos estudiantes de periodismo y jóvenes emprendedores han detectado en su incursión en el mundo laboral.
Improving the Delivery of Patient Education about Kidney Transplant in a Transplant Center
Authors: Wilson Rula , Brown Diane R. , Boothe Makini A. S. , Weng Francis L.
Published: December 2012

Context

Kidney transplant is usually the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease; however, transplant rates remain low in the United States. More research is needed about patients' educational needs to ensure that patients are making informed decisions about their treatment options.

Objective

To examine patients' perceptions of the delivery and format of a kidney transplant education program in a clinical setting, specifically to (1) identify useful aspects of the transplant education process, (2) discuss aspects of the program delivery that need improvement, and (3) provide recommendations to enhance the education delivery and format surrounding kidney transplant.

Design

A descriptive study using focus group meetings with patients at different stages of the transplantation process (in evaluation, listed, and transplant recipients). Data were analyzed by using thematic content analysis.

Results

Use of printed materials and handouts, group education format, and patient advocate component as well as bringing a companion were all effective aspects of the education program. Concerns about the education program stemmed from its complexity, technicality, and length. Participants recommended that patients be sent a formal invitation letter, with a detailed agenda and a video on kidney transplant, and that patients be encouraged to bring a companion to the education program. Responses specific to the stage of the transplant process are presented.

Conclusion

Concentrated attention to the delivery and content of the transplant education programs may significantly assist with patients' outcomes throughout the transplant process.
La formation des enseignants en tant que transmission d’une forme socioculturelle
Authors: Buysse Alexandre
Published: December 2012

Nous nous proposons de considérer l’enseignement comme une forme socioculturelle. Nous suggérons que l’intériorisation des médiations inclut non seulement des concepts, mais un ensemble de dimensions des médiations. Cet ensemble de dimensions permet de définir une forme. Chaque étudiant tente de donner un sens aux savoirs et à ses expériences en se fondant sur des microformes préalablement subjectivées. Les formations permettent néanmoins l’émergence d’une forme socioculturelle subjectivée. Dans le cas des formations, en alternance, à l’enseignement, le processus se complexifie par l’origine différente des savoirs transmis. Nous concluons en esquissant quelques implications de cette notion de forme sur la formation des enseignants.
L’apprentissage professionnel des enseignants stagiaires de l’enseignement agricole français durant le stage de pratique accompagnée
Authors: Garcia Audrey
Published: December 2012

Cet article qui s’inscrit dans une approche sociocognitive étudie l’apprentissage professionnel des enseignants stagiaires de l’enseignement agricole français durant le stage de pratique accompagnée. Son objectif est de montrer que l’enseignant stagiaire construit et mobilise dans l’interaction sociale avec son conseiller pédagogique des savoirs professionnels relatifs à la prise en charge des « tâches professionnelles ». À partir d’une méthodologie qualitative, cette étude présente les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès de sept stagiaires et six conseillers pédagogiques. L’article étudie les interrelations entre la nature des savoirs professionnels en question et les processus de construction à l’oeuvre.
Finalités éducatives sous-jacentes aux pratiques des futurs enseignants du primaire : le cas de l’enseignement des sciences humaines et sociales au Québec
Authors: Araújo-Oliveira Anderson
Published: December 2012

Sur la base des données issues des entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès de neuf futurs enseignants du primaire en contexte de formation en milieu de pratique au Québec, l’article met en exergue les finalités sous-jacentes à l’enseignement des sciences humaines et sociales, la place que cette discipline occupe dans leurs pratiques ainsi que ses contributions au développement de la triple mission octroyée à l’école québécoise (instruire, socialiser, qualifier). Bien que les sciences humaines et sociales soient considérées par les participants à l’étude comme étant une discipline secondaire, elles restent somme toute importantes. Cependant, cette importance serait axée principalement sur la contribution des sciences humaines et sociales au développement chez les élèves d’attitudes socialement acceptables ainsi que sur le développement d’une connaissance et d’une compréhension qu’ils se font de l’histoire et du fonctionnement de leur société dans le but de s’y adapter.
Going Gaga: Investigating, Creating, and Manipulating the Song Stuck in My Head
Authors: Hyman Ira E. , Burland Naomi K. , Duskin Hollyann M. , Cook Megan C. , Roy Christina M. , McGrath Jessie C. , Roundhill Rebecca F.
Published: December 2012

Summary: Having a song stuck in your head is a commonly experienced intrusive thought. We explored the intrusive song phenomenon through a survey, an experimental diary study, and three laboratory experiments. Contrary to the belief that only obnoxious songs get stuck, we found that songs people know and like frequently became intrusive. We also found that intrusive songs followed environmental cues. In addition, if a song continued to play in someone's head immediately after listening to it, the song was likely to return as an intrusive song within the next 24 hours. Similar to mind wandering, the return of intrusive songs depended on cognitive resources: people reported that intrusive songs returned during low cognitive load activities, and we found that overloading the cognitive systems with challenging activities increased intrusive song frequency. Throughout our studies, we easily created and manipulated intrusive song experiences. Songs provide a valuable method to investigate intrusive thoughts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproductive patterns among mothers of males diagnosed with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nabukera Sarah K. , Romitti Paul A. , Caspers Kristin M. , Street Natalie , Cunniff Christopher , Mathews Katherine D. , Fox Deborah J. , Puzhankara Soman , Ciafaloni Emma , James Katherine A. , Su Yin ,   the MD STARnet
Published: December 2012

Diagnosis of a child with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) may impact future maternal reproductive choice; however, little is known about the reproductive patterns of mothers with a male child diagnosed with DBMD. Using population‐based surveillance data collected by the muscular dystrophy surveillance, tracking, and research network, the proportion of mothers who conceived and delivered a live birth following the diagnosis of DBMD in an affected male child and factors associated with such reproductive choice were identified. To accomplish this, maternal demographic data were linked to birth certificate data to construct the reproductive history for 239 mothers. Univariable and bivariable analyses were conducted to determine the proportion of mothers delivering a live birth and associated factors. By the time of the current study, 96 (40.2%) of the 239 mothers had at least one live birth following delivery of their oldest affected male child; 53 (22.2%) of these mothers had a live birth before and 43 (18.0%) had a live birth after DBMD diagnosis of a male child. Mothers with a live birth after diagnosis were significantly younger at diagnosis of the oldest affected male child (26.2 ± 4.2 years vs. 31.5 ± 5.5 years), and were less likely to be white non‐Hispanic compared to those with no live birth after diagnosis. These results suggest that about one in five mothers deliver a live birth subsequent to DBMD diagnosis in a male child. Maternal age and race/ethnicity were associated with this reproductive choice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uterine structural anomalies and arthrogryposis—death of an urban legend
Authors: Hall Judith G.
Published: December 2012

In a review of 2,300 cases of arthrogryposis collected over the last 35 years, 33 cases of maternal uterine structural anomalies were identified (1.3%). These cases of arthrogryposis represent a very heterogeneous group of types of arthrogryposis. Over half of individuals affected with arthrogryposis demonstrated asymmetry and some responded to removal of constraint, 29 of the 33 cases of arthrogryposis whose mother had a uterine structural anomaly could be identified as having a specific recognizable type of arthrogryposis. Only two cases (0.08%) had primarily proximal contractures that returned to almost normal function within 1 year. Craniofacial asymmetry was the most striking finding in these two cases. A quarter of cases had ruptured membranes between 32 and 36 weeks and either oligohydramnios or prematurity. The pregnancy histories of the mothers with uterine structural anomalies were typical in having infertility, multiple miscarriages, and stillbirths. The finding of only two cases which are likely to have multiple congenital contractures on the basis of uterine constraint suggests that it is a very rare primary cause of arthrogryposis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of cerebral hypomyelination with spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Kimura‐Ohba Shihoko , Kagitani‐Shimono Kuriko , Hashimoto Natsuko , Nabatame Shin , Okinaga Takeshi , Murakami Akira , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Osaka Hitoshi , Hojo Keiko , Tomita Reiko , Taniike Masako , Ozono Keiichi
Published: December 2012

We reported on a male patient with rare leukoencephalopathy and skeletal abnormalities. The condition was first noticed as a developmental delay, nystagmus and ataxia at 1 year of age. At 4 years of age, he was diagnosed as hypomyelination with skeletal abnormalities from clinical features, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and skeletal X‐rays. His brain MRI revealed diffuse hypomyelination. These findings suggested the classical type of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) caused by proteolipid protein (PLP)‐1 gene or Pelizaeus–Merzbacher‐like disease (PMLD). However, we found neither mutation nor duplication of PLP‐1. The patient had severe growth retardation and general skeletal dysplasia compatible with spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia; however the mutation of discoidin domain receptor (DDR) 2 gene was absent. The co‐morbidity of hypomyelination with skeletal abnormalities is rare. We performed array CGH and no causal copy number variation was recognized. Alternatively, this condition may have been caused by a mutation of the gene encoding a molecule that functions in both cerebral myelination and skeletal development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duplication of 20p12.3 associated with familial Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Authors: Mills Kimberly I. , Anderson Jacqueline , Levy Philip T. , Cole F. Sessions , Silva Jennifer N.A. , Kulkarni Shashikant , Shinawi Marwan
Published: December 2012

Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is caused by preexcitation of the ventricular myocardium via an accessory pathway which increases the risk for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The condition is often sporadic and of unknown etiology in the majority of cases. Autosomal dominant inheritance and association with congenital heart defects or ventricular hypertrophy were described. Microdeletions of 20p12.3 have been associated with WPW syndrome with either cognitive dysfunction or Alagille syndrome. Here, we describe the association of 20p12.3 duplication with WPW syndrome in a patient who presented with non‐immune hydrops. Her paternal uncle carries the duplication and has attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and electrocardiographic findings consistent with WPW. The 769 kb duplication was detected by the Affymetrix Whole Genome‐Human SNP Array 6.0 and encompasses two genes and the first two exons of a third gene. We discuss the potential role of the genes in the duplicated region in the pathogenesis of WPW and possible neurobehavioral abnormalities. Our data provide additional support for a significant role of 20p12.3 chromosomal rearrangements in the etiology of WPW syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whispering dysphonia (DYT4 dystonia) is caused by a mutation in the TUBB4 gene
Authors: Lohmann Katja , Wilcox Robert A. , Winkler Susen , Ramirez Alfredo , Rakovic Aleksandar , Park Jin‐Sung , Arns Björn , Lohnau Thora , Groen Justus , Kasten Meike , Brüggemann Norbert , Hagenah Johann , Schmidt Alexander , Kaiser Frank J. , Kumar Kishore R. , Zschiedrich Katja , Alvarez‐Fischer Daniel , Altenmüller Eckart , Ferbert Andreas , Lang Anthony E. , Münchau Alexander , Kostic Vladimir , Simonyan Kristina , Agzarian Marc , Ozelius Laurie J. , Langeveld Antonius P. M. , Sue Carolyn M. , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Klein Christine
Published: December 2012

Objective

A study was undertaken to identify the gene underlying DYT4 dystonia, a dominantly inherited form of spasmodic dysphonia combined with other focal or generalized dystonia and a characteristic facies and body habitus, in an Australian family.

Methods

Genome‐wide linkage analysis was carried out in 14 family members followed by genome sequencing in 2 individuals. The index patient underwent a detailed neurological follow‐up examination, including electrophysiological studies and magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Biopsies of the skin and olfactory mucosa were obtained, and expression levels of TUBB4 mRNA were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in 3 different cell types. All exons of TUBB4 were screened for mutations in 394 unrelated dystonia patients.

Results

The disease‐causing gene was mapped to a 23cM region on chromosome 19p13.3‐p13.2 with a maximum multipoint LOD score of 5.338 at markers D9S427 and D9S1034. Genome sequencing revealed a missense variant in the TUBB4 (tubulin beta‐4; Arg2Gly) gene as the likely cause of disease. Sequencing of TUBB4 in 394 unrelated dystonia patients revealed another missense variant (Ala271Thr) in a familial case of segmental dystonia with spasmodic dysphonia. mRNA expression studies demonstrated significantly reduced levels of mutant TUBB4 mRNA in different cell types from a heterozygous Arg2Gly mutation carrier compared to controls.

Interpretation

A mutation in TUBB4 causes DYT4 dystonia in this Australian family with so‐called whispering dysphonia, and other mutations in TUBB4 may contribute to spasmodic dysphonia. Given that TUBB4 is a neuronally expressed tubulin, our results imply abnormal microtubule function as a novel mechanism in the pathophysiology of dystonia. Ann Neurol 2013;73:537–545
Welander distal myopathy is caused by a mutation in the RNA‐binding protein TIA1
Authors: Hackman Peter , Sarparanta Jaakko , Lehtinen Sara , Vihola Anna , Evilä Anni , Jonson Per Harald , Luque Helena , Kere Juha , Screen Mark , Chinnery Patrick F. , Åhlberg Gabrielle , Edström Lars , Udd Bjarne
Published: December 2012

Objective

A study was undertaken to identify the molecular cause of Welander distal myopathy (WDM), a classic autosomal dominant distal myopathy.

Methods

The genetic linkage was confirmed and defined by microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping. The whole linked genomic region was sequenced with targeted high‐throughput and Sanger sequencing, and coding transcripts were sequenced on the cDNA level. WDM muscle biopsies were studied by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Splicing of TIA1 and its target genes in muscle and myoblast cultures was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mutant TIA1 was characterized by cell biological studies on HeLa cells, including quantification of stress granules by high content analysis and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments.

Results

The linked haplotype at 2p13 was narrowed down to <806 kb. Sequencing by multiple methods revealed only 1 segregating coding mutation, c.1362 G>A (p.E384K) in the RNA‐binding protein TIA1, a key component of stress granules. Immunofluorescence microscopy of WDM biopsies showed a focal increase of TIA1 in atrophic and vacuolated fibers. In HeLa cells, mutant TIA1 constructs caused a mild increase in stress granule abundance compared to wild type, and showed slower average fluorescence recovery in FRAP.

Interpretation

WDM is caused by mutated TIA1 through a dominant pathomechanism probably involving altered stress granule dynamics. Ann Neurol 2013;73:500–509
Quantifying the benefits of international scientific collaboration
Authors: Guerrero Bote Vicente P. , Olmeda‐Gómez Carlos , de Moya‐Anegón Félix
Published: December 2012

We analyze the benefits in terms of scientific impact deriving from international collaboration, examining both those for a country when it collaborates and also those for the other countries when they are collaborating with the former. The data show the more countries there are involved in the collaboration, the greater the gain in impact. Contrary to what we expected, the scientific impact of a country does not significantly influence the benefit it derives from collaboration, but does seem to positively influence the benefit obtained by the other countries collaborating with it. Although there was a weak correlation between these two classes of benefit, the countries with the highest impact were clear outliers from this correlation, tending to provide proportionally more benefit to their collaborating countries than they themselves obtained. Two surprising findings were the null benefit resulting from collaboration with Iran, and the small benefit resulting from collaboration with the United States despite its high impact.