bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex Having a Functional C,N‐Chelate Ligand.
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Yoshida Tetsuya , Imori Yoichiro , Yamaguchi Ryohei
Published: August 2011

The reaction of secondary alcohols proceeds with lower catalyst loadings and without the addition of base.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Reduction of Olefins by in situ Generation of Diimide with Synthetic Flavin Catalysts.
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Iida Hiroki , Kitagawa Takahiro , Naota Takeshi
Published: August 2011

A wide variety of olefins is reduced by diimide which is generated in situ by the aerobic oxidation of hydrazine in the presence of flavin catalysts (I) or (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Protocol for a Palladium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Suzuki Reaction at Room Temperature in Aqueous DMF.
Authors: Liu Chun , Ni Qijian , Bao Fanying , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2011

The convenient and mild protocol for the title synthesis of the compounds (III), (VI), and (VIII) under aerobic conditions is more effective than under a nitrogen atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: A Titanium(III)‐Catalyzed Redox Umpolung Reaction for the Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Enones with Acrylonitriles.
Authors: Streuff Jan
Published: August 2011

1,6‐Difunctionalized alkyl units, which are traditionally hard to access, are successfully obtained through a reductive cross‐coupling of activated alkenes catalyzed by Ti(III).
ChemInform Abstract: “On Water” sp3—sp2 Cross‐Couplings Between Benzylic and Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Krasovskaya Valeria , Krasovskiy Arkady , Bhattacharjya Anish , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: August 2011

A novel method is elaborated for the preparation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐allylbenzenes (III) and (VI), resp., in an aqueous media.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd Immobilized on Amine‐Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Novel and Highly Active Catalyst for Hydrogenation and Heck Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Jin Jun , Zhong Xing , Li Shuwen , Niu Jianrui , Li Rong , Ma Jiantai
Published: August 2011

The novel catalyst can be easily prepared by a facile one‐pot template‐free method and is successfully applied to the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Decarboxylative Activation of Malonic Acid Derivatives by 1,1′‐Carbonyldiimidazole.
Authors: Lafrance Danny , Bowles Paul , Leeman Kyle , Rafka Robert
Published: August 2011

The decarboxylation step generates a carbonyl imidazole product which can be trapped with various nucleophiles in an efficient one‐pot process.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Protocol for Amide Bond Formation via Trapping of Nascent Phosphazenes with Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Sathishkumar Murugan , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Maheswari Murugesan , Dinesh Murugan , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
Published: August 2011

Microwave‐assisted reaction of phosphazenes, prepared in situ from azides and PPh3, with carboxylic acid is applied to the synthesis of a variety of amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Branch Selective Allylation of Acetylacetone Catalyzed by Water‐Soluble Rhodium Complex Catalyst.
Authors: Komine Nobuyuki , Ishiguro Kohtaro , Kanai Sachiyo , Hirano Masafumi , Komiya Sanshiro
Published: August 2011

The reaction of acetylacetone proceeds best using allylic carbonates to provide the branched products nearly exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl and Vinyl Boronic Acids with an Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagent.
Authors: Liu Tianfei , Shen Qilong
Published: August 2011

Togni′s reagent (I) under mild conditions is highly suitable for the synthesis of various (het)aryl derivatives, which are especially of pharmaceutical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Allylation of Aldehydes in a Solvent‐Free Cavity Cell with a Graphite Powder Cathode.
Authors: de Souza Ronny F. M. , Areias Madalena C. C. , Bieber Lothar W. , Navarro Marcelo
Published: August 2011

The use of allyl bromide instead of the compound (II) leads to lower yields in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Practical Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Hydroxyacetone Catalyzed by 9‐Amino Cinchona Alkaloid Tartrates.
Authors: Czarnecki Pawel , Plutecka Agnieszka , Gawronski Jacek , Kacprzak Karol
Published: August 2011

A novel organocatalytic procedure for the title synthesis is developed and can also be applied to large‐scale production.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly E‐Selective Solvent‐Free Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction Catalyzed by DBU.
Authors: Ando Kaori , Yamada Kyohei
Published: August 2011

A simple, safe and environmentally friendly method for the title synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) without the use of any expensive catalysts or bases is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Thiols to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones in Neutral Water.
Authors: Bonollo Simona , Lanari Daniela , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2011

Catalyst and NaOH for pH adjustment are recovered and directly reused.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Stereoselective Direct Aldol Reaction of Trifluoroethyl Thioesters.
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Benaglia Maurizio , Cozzi Franco , Genoni Andrea , Benincori Tiziana
Published: August 2011

The reaction proceeds via trichlorosilyl ketene thioacetals, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Carbamates and Sulfamates: Experimental and Computational Studies.
Authors: Quasdorf Kyle W. , Antoft‐Finch Aurora , Liu Peng , Silberstein Amanda L. , Komaromi Anna , Blackburn Tom , Ramgren Stephen D. , Houk K. N. , Snieckus Victor , Garg Neil K.
Published: August 2011

The cross‐coupling uses the inexpensive, bench‐stable catalyst NiCl2(PCy3)2 to deliver biaryls in good to excellent yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Symmetrical Functionalized Biaryls from Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon.
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Chen Jun
Published: August 2011

To avoid high catalyst loads or expensive Pd complexes, Pd‐C is used as an economic alternative in the homocoupling of aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkenes at Room Temperature: A Practical and Concise Approach to α‐Diketones.
Authors: Chen Shulin , Liu Zhaojun , Shi Erbo , Chen Long , Wei Wei , Li Hong , Cheng Yannan , Wan Xiaobing
Published: August 2011

The ligand‐free procedure tolerates a broad spectrum of functionalities and can be applied to trans‐ and cis‐alkenes in an equal manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Based Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed Regioselective Benzylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Gao Jian , Wang Jin‐Quan , Song Qing‐Wen , He Liang‐Nian
Published: August 2011

The easily prepared catalyst is easy to handle and efficient in the presented reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis of Multiple Substituted Bicyclo[4.4.0]decalin System.
Authors: Anwar Shaik , Chang Hui‐Ju , Chen Kwunmin
Published: August 2011

The α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes add to the γ‐nitroketones via a nitro‐Michael reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aerobic [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclization via Chloropalladation: From 1,6‐Diynes and Acrylates to Substituted Aromatic Carbocycles.
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zheng Meifang , Jiang Huanfeng , Li Xianwei , Qi Chaorong
Published: August 2011

A new and efficient method to prepare highly substituted indan, isoindole, isobenzofuran, and isobenzofuranone derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanespiro‐β‐lactones Derived from 4‐[(Z)‐Ethylidene]‐3‐methyloxetan‐2‐one: Diastereoselective Formation and Rearrangement Reactions.
Authors: Geraghty Niall W. A. , McArdle Patrick , Mullen Laverne M. A.
Published: August 2011

Reaction of title oxetanone (I) with monosubstituted diazo esters and ketones (II) provides access towards cyclopropanespiro‐β‐lactones (III) as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Mediated Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones by Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Kim Juhyun , Jung Suhyun , Park Sojung , Park Seongsoon
Published: August 2011

Among various amino acids tested, L‐arginine, L‐lysine and L‐histidine are investigated in the epoxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot and Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylaziridines.
Authors: Xu Hao , Tian Hua , Zheng Liangyu , Liu Qingwen , Wang Li , Zhang Suoqin
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for the synthesis of chiral products from chiral amino alcohols with sulfonic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component and Nonclassical Reaction of Phosphines with Enynes and Aldehydes: Formation of γ‐Lactones Featuring α‐Phosphorus Ylides.
Authors: Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: August 2011

The highly functionalized title compounds are generated by an unusual α‐addition of aromatic phosphines to the triple bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 3‐Phenoxyacrylates: An Approach to Construct Substituted Benzofurans from Phenols.
Authors: Li Chengliang , Zhang Yicheng , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: August 2011

The title reaction allows a new, simple, and efficient approach to various title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxidized Thienopyrroles Using HOF·CH3CN.
Authors: Shefer Neta , Rozen Shlomo
Published: August 2011

In the presence of HOF·CH3CN, a wide range of thienopyrroles can be transformed efficiently into the corresponding S,S‐dioxides at 25 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Calcium Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydroamination/Cyclization.
Authors: Wixey James S. , Ward Benjamin D.
Published: August 2011

Chiral L‐valine derived diamines (I) are shown to be efficient stereodirecting ligands in the calcium‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of amino‐alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Synthesis of γ‐Lactams via Mercaptoacetylation of Aziridines in Water.
Authors: Rai Vijai K. , Rai Prashant Kumar , Bajaj Swati , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2011

A highly green and efficient method for the synthesis of the compounds (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Furans and Pyrroles via Alkyne Hydration.
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Dupuy Stephanie , Gaillard Sylvain , Poater Albert , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P.
Published: August 2011

A variety of symmetric and asymmetric diynes is converted to furans when treated according to A).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodo‐Carbocyclization of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: Synthesis of Oxindoles and Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Wei Hai‐Long , Piou Tiffany , Dufour Jeremy , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2011

The approach to the important heterocyclic system proceeds under metal‐free conditions via a 5‐exo‐trig cyclization in contrast to the more common 6‐endo‐trig mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Direct Arylations of Indoles and Pyrroles with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Dell'Acqua Monica , Fenner Sabine , Vicente Ruben , Sandmann Rene
Published: August 2011

Using unsymmetrical iodonium salts, the less sterically hindered respectively the less electron‐rich group is introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Overturning Indolyne Regioselectivities and Synthesis of Indolactam V.
Authors: Bronner Sarah M. , Goetz Adam E. , Garg Neil K.
Published: August 2011

The presence of a bromine atom in position 6 of in situ generated indolynes leads to inversion of the regioselectivity in both nucleophilic addition and cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Phosphonates in the Presence of Chiral Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Kang Young Ku , Suh Ki Hyung , Kim Dae Young
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions using an air‐ and moisture‐stable chiral Pd‐catalyst are developed for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic‐Type Molten Salt: A Mild and Efficient Organocatalyst for the Synthesis of 3‐Aminoalkylated Indoles via Three‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Kundu Dhiman , Bagdi Avik Kr. , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda
Published: August 2011

The method can be applied to aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes and affords generally good yields of the synthetically important intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S‐(2‐Thioxo‐1,3‐dithiolan‐4‐yl)methyl Dialkylcarbamothioate and S‐Thiiran‐2‐ylmethyl Dialkylcarbamothioate via Intermolecular O—S Rearrangement in Water
Authors: Lal Nand , Kumar Lalit , Sarswat Amit , Jangir Santosh , Sharma Vishnu Lal
Published: August 2011

for biological evaluation
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Pyrazolin‐5‐ones Catalyzed by Chiral Metal/N,N′‐Dioxide Complexes: Metal‐Directed Switch in Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yang Zhigang , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: August 2011

The enantioselectivity is controlled by the metal center of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolines and 2‐Benzoxazoles with PPh3‐DDQ as the Dehydrating Reagent.
Authors: Xu Quancai , Li Zhengning , Chen Huiying
Published: August 2011

When the reaction is carried out in an intermolecular manner merely poor yields are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of (3‐Phenylisoxazol‐5‐yl)methanol Derivatives under Ultrasound.
Authors: Shen Chuansheng , Zhang Yumin , Gan Yuanming , Zhao Tianqi , Gu Qiang
Published: August 2011

Significantly enhanced yields are realized using ultrasound irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2‐Aralkyl‐5‐substituted‐6‐(4′‐fluorophenyl)‐imidazo[2,1‐b] [1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Karki Subhas S. , Panjamurthy Kuppusamy , Kumar Sujeet , Nambiar Mridula , Ramareddy Sureshbabu A. , Chiruvella Kishore K. , Raghavan Sathees C.
Published: August 2011

The compounds (I), (III), (V), and (VI) are screened for their biological activity on leukemia cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Coumarins with Alkynes: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentadiene Fused Chromones.
Authors: Wang Lei , Peng Shiyong , Wang Jian
Published: August 2011

An unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed cascade reaction between coumarins and alkynes furnishing highly substituted cyclopentadiene fused chromones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Asymmetric NHC‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Piel Isabel , Steinmetz Marc , Hirano Keiichi , Froehlich Roland , Grimme Stefan , Glorius Frank
Published: August 2011

The title reaction produces 21 different chroman‐4‐one‐type products mostly with 99% e.e., each containing a newly formed quaternary stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyl‐Directed C—H Carbonylation Enabled by Mono‐N‐Protected Amino Acid Ligands: An Expedient Route to 1‐Isochromanones.
Authors: Lu Yi , Leow Dasheng , Wang Xisheng , Engle Keary M. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: August 2011

Phenethyl alcohol derivatives (I) and (IV) undergo a C—H carbonylation reaction under Pd(II) catalysis in the presence of protected amino acids as ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Triethylammonium Acetate [TEAA]: An Efficient Catalyst for One Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Balaskar Ravi , Gavade Sandip , Mane Madhav , Pabrekar Pramod , Shingare Murlidhar , Mane Dhananjay
Published: August 2011

Best results are obtained in the absence of any additional solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Cyclic Enaminones via Ketene Cyclization.
Authors: Seki Hajime , Georg Gunda I.
Published: August 2011

Aza‐Michael addition, Wolff rearrangement and a nucleophilic ketene cyclization lead to highly functionalized six‐membered enaminone subunits in a one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Heterocyclic System, 1‐Halomethyl‐2‐oxa‐5‐azoniaspiro[4.5]decane Halides
Authors: Kim D. G. , Frolov A. L.
Published: August 2011

via reaction of 1‐(2‐vinyloxy)ethylpiperidine (I) with bromine or iodine
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of (Z)‐1‐Iodo‐1,6‐dienes: Iodine Atom Transfer and Mechanistic Insight to Alkyl Iodide Reductive Elimination.
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Chaolong , Qiu Dong , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: August 2011

The cycloisomerization of (Z)‐iododienes ‐ consisting of an oxidative addition of vinyl iodide, alkene insertion, and alkyl iodide reductive elimination ‐ gives a facile entry to tetrahydropyridines with a quaternary carbon center.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(III)‐Mediated Formal [3 + 3]‐Annulation of Vinyl Azides and Cyclopropanols: A Divergent Synthesis of Azaheterocycles.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Toh Kah Kah , Ng Eileen Pei Jian , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: August 2011

A divergent synthetic route to azaheterocycles from readily available vinyl azides and cyclopropanols via formal [3 + 3] annulation using Mn(III) complexes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Larock Synthesis of Quinolines via a Heck Reaction of 2‐Bromoanilines and Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Stone Matthew T.
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of biologically interesting quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization of Ynamides into Six‐ or Eight‐Membered Rings. Application to the Synthesis of a Protoberberine Analogue.
Authors: Balieu Sebastien , Toutah Krimo , Carro Laura , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Rousseliere Helene , Courillon Christine
Published: August 2011

Radical 6‐exo‐dig cyclization of ynamide (I) is followed by migration of the acetyl moiety to give isoquinoline derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of N,N′‐Disubstituted p‐Phenylenediamines with Cyclic β‐Diketones and Formaldehyde. Synthesis of New Pyrido[2,3‐g]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Kadutskii A. P. , Kozlov N. G. , Zhikharko Yu. D.
Published: August 2011

Dispiro derivatives of pyrido[2,3‐g]quinoline (IV) are selectively obtained in a three component condensation of diamines (I) with cyclic β‐diketones and formaldehyde under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Friedlander Condensation Using Zr(OH)2CO3·ZrO2 as Catalyst in the Solid State.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Swamy T. Kumara , Chandra A. Vinay
Published: August 2011

1,8‐Naphthyridines (III) are conveniently prepared by simple grinding of 2‐amino‐nicotinaldehyde with various β‐carbonyl compounds in the presence of zirconium basic carbonate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Biginelli Reaction: A Green Method for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐ones Catalyzed by Protic Acids in Large‐Scale.
Authors: Wang Yangyun , Yu Jipan , Yang Haohao , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu
Published: August 2011

An environmentally benign Biginelli reaction using aqueous HCl as catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Benzimidazoquinazoline Derivatives under Mild Condition.
Authors: Xu Shan , Lu Juyou , Fu Hua
Published: August 2011

2‐Halophenylbenzoimidazoles (I)/(IV) undergo a cascade reaction with amidines or guanidine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of 2‐Phenylquinazolines Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
Authors: Karnakar K. , Shankar J. , Murthy S. Narayana , Ramesh K. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: August 2011

20 derivatives as possible biologically active agents
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines via Gold(I)‐Mediated Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Liu Guannan , Zhou Yu , Lin Daizong , Wang Jinfang , Zhang Lei , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: August 2011

Tandem hydroamination and hydroarylation reaction of pyrrole‐ and indole‐substituted anilines with terminal and internal alkynes affords a wide range of three‐ and tetracyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Halo‐4H‐1,3‐oxazine‐6‐amines by a Copper‐Mediated Domino Reaction.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas M. , Zimmer Marc , Rominger Frank
Published: August 2011

This method allows the synthesis of a new class of oxazine derivatives which are interesting building blocks for the synthesis of other aminooxazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Saturated 1,4‐Benzodiazepines via Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination Reactions.
Authors: Neukom Joshua D. , Aquino Alvin S. , Wolfe John P.
Published: August 2011

Substrates such as (IV) and (VII) bearing an allylic methyl group are converted into cis‐disubstituted products (<90% d.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: General Copper‐Catalyzed Transformations of Functional Groups from Arylboronic Acids in Water.
Authors: Yang Haijun , Li Yong , Jiang Min , Wang Junmei , Fu Hua
Published: August 2011

A simple and general copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of aryl iodides, aryl azides, aryl sulfones, phenols, arylamines and nitroarenes from arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Trimethylsilylacetylene to Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Zinc—Amino‐Alcohol Complex.
Authors: Li Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Min , Bian Qing‐Hua , Zheng Bing , Mao Jian‐You , Li Shuo‐Ning , Liu Shang‐Zhong , Wang Ming‐An , Zhong Jiang‐Chun , Guo Hong‐Chao
Published: August 2011

The method can be applied to aromatic, aliphatic, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to give the corresponding propargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Alkylphosphanylation of Olefins with Stannylated or Silylated Phosphanes and Alkyl Iodides.
Authors: Lamas Marie‐Celine , Studer Armido
Published: August 2011

Contrary to the iodide, cyclohexyl bromide does not work and a primary alkyl moiety provides only low yields [cf.(IVc)].
ChemInform Abstract: To Stay as Allene or Go Further? Synthesis of Novel Phosphono‐heterocycles and Polycyclics via Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Srinivas Venu , Sajna K. V. , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: August 2011

Reaction behavior of aryl‐substituted propargyl alcohols upon reaction with P(III)‐Cl precursors such as (II) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—P Coupling Through Decarboxylation.
Authors: Hu Jie , Zhao Ning , Yang Bin , Wang Ge , Guo Li‐Na , Liang Yong‐Min , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: August 2011

A versatile protocol for preparation of various di(phenyl)phosphoryl oxides is developed by copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of alkenyl, alkynyl carboxylic acids, and N‐benzylproline, respectively, with R2P(O)H.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of N‐Boc‐ and N‐Cbz‐α‐Amido Stannanes from α‐Amido Sulfones Using TMSSnBu3 and CsF.
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Higuchi Yuki , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: August 2011

The preparation of the synthetically important intermediates proceeds under milder conditions and tolerates more substituents than previous methods which used organometallic stannides.
ChemInform Abstract: Phragmalin‐Type Limonoid Orthoesters from the Twigs of Swietenia macrophylla
Authors: Lin Bing‐Dong , Zhang Chuan‐Rui , Yang Sheng‐Ping , Wu Yan , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: August 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and antimicrobial activities of eleven new phragmalin‐type limonoids, swietenitins N—X, such as (I) and (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Dipeptides: Catalyst/Promoter‐Free, Rapid and Environmentally Benign Cyclization of Free Amino Acids.
Authors: Nonappa Nonappa , Ahonen Kari , Lahtinen Manu , Kolehmainen Erkki
Published: August 2011

The presented synthesis of the title compounds (II), (IV), (VI) and (VIII) is extremely simple and highly efficient without the use of any chromatographic purification.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dideoxy Hex‐2‐enopyranosid‐4‐uloses as Promising New Antitubercular Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and SAR Studies.
Authors: Srivastava Ranjana , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

A detailed SAR study identifies S007—724 (I) as a promising lead molecule on the basis of low MIC values (0.78 μg/mL ‐ M.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Several Oleanane‐Type Triterpenoid Saponins
Authors: Liu Qingchao , Fan Zheng , Li Dong , Li Wenhong , Guo Tiantian
Published: August 2011

synthesis of natural saponin (Ia) and four analogues
ChemInform Abstract: Resveratrol Derivatives from Vatica albiramis
Authors: Abe Naohito , Ito Tetsuro , Oyama Masayoshi , Sawa Ryuichi , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Iinuma Munekazu
Published: August 2011

structure determination of a new resveratrol hexamer, albiraminol A (I) and two new resveratrol dimers, albiraminol B (II) and vatalbinoside F (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Natural Products. Part. 33. An Efficient Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Aculeatins A and B.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Krishnaiah Martha , Nagendra Siddavatam , Reddy Cheruku R.
Published: August 2011

A synthetic route to naturally occurring aculeatins A (XI) and B (XII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bafilomycin K, a New Antifungal Macrolide from Streptomyces flavotricini Y12‐26.
Authors: Zhang Dao‐jing , Wei Gang , Wang Ying , Si Cong‐cong , Tian Li , Tao Li‐ming , Li Yuan‐guang
Published: August 2011

Bafilomycin K (I) exhibits antifungal activities against plant pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery, Synthesis, and Investigation of the Antitumor Activity of Novel Piperazinylpyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Shallal Hassan M. , Russu Wade A.
Published: August 2011

The title derivatives are tested for their potential to inhibit selectively the growth of certain tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Understanding and Electrochemical Modeling of Mixed Conducting (SOFC) Electrodes
Authors: Merkle R. , Maier J. , Fleig J.
Published: August 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Swedenborgite‐Type Cobaltites and Ferrites: Tetrahedral Frameworks with Exceptional Magnetic Properties
Authors: Raveau Bernard , Pralong Valerie , Caignaert Vincent , Maignan Antoine
Published: August 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Based Luminescent Molecular Thermometers
Authors: Brites Carlos D. S. , Lima Patricia P. , Silva Nuno J. O. , Millan Angel , Amaral Vitor S. , Palacio Fernando , Carlos Luis D.
Published: August 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Framework‐Structured Weak Ferromagnets
Authors: Weng Dan‐Feng , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song
Published: August 2011

Review: 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Hierarchical Zeolites
Authors: Holm Martin Spangsberg , Taarning Esben , Egeblad Kresten , Christensen Claus Hviid
Published: August 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strength and Related Phenomenon of Bulk Nanocrystalline Ceramics Synthesized via Non‐Equilibrium Solid State P/M Processing
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi
Published: August 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskites and Their Nanocomposites with Fluorite‐Like Oxides as Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Cathodes and Oxygen‐Conducting Membranes: Mobility and Reactivity of the Surface/Bulk Oxygen as a Key Factor of Their Performance
Authors: Sadykov V. A. , Pavlova S. N. , Kharlamova T. S. , Muzykantov V. S. , Uvarov N. F. , Okhlupin Yu. S. , Ishchenko A. V. , Bobin A. S. , Mezentseva N. V. , Alikina G. M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cathode Nanomaterial of LiFePO4 and Its Application
Authors: Drozd Vadym , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: August 2011

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Sepehri Saghar , Liu Yanyi , Cao Guozhong
Published: August 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Mixed Metal Oxides and Hydroxides: Solids with Extended Structures of Different Dimensionalities and Porosities
Authors: Fogg Andrew M.
Published: August 2011

Review: 436 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Self‐Assembled Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Kwok Chi‐Chung , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: August 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoleptic Star‐Shaped Ru(II) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Yongyi , Galoppini Elena , Johansson Patrik G. , Meyer Gerald J.
Published: August 2011

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Cyclometalated Iridium(II) Polypyridine Complexes as Luminescent Biological Labels and Probes
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Li Steve Po‐Yam
Published: August 2011

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Carbon‐Rich Organometallic Complexes: Clarification of the Role of the Bridging Ligand in the Redox Properties
Authors: Costuas Karine , Rigaut Stephane
Published: August 2011

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Studies on the Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes Featuring N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Haller L. Jonas L. , MacGregor Stuart A. , Panetier Julien A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroxylation, Aminohydroxylation, Diamination, and Dibromination of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Muniz K.
Published: August 2011

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Applications of Ultrasound Irradiation in Pinacol Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Lin Zhi‐Ping , Li Ji‐Tai
Published: August 2011

Review: 288 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Peptidomimetic Chemistry
Authors: Pedersen Daniel Sejer , Abell Andrew
Published: August 2011

Review: [triazoles prepared by cycloadditions reactions as both “linear” and “bent” peptidomimetics, use of triazoles to define the geometry and properties of a peptidomimetic; 83 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Urea/Thiourea Derivatives and Zn(II)‐DPA Complex as Receptors for Anionic Recognition — A Brief Account
Authors: Das Priyadip , Mahato Prasenjit , Ghosh Amrita , Mandal Amal K. , Banerjee Tanmay , Saha Sukdeb , Das Amitava
Published: August 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening of Epoxides in Water.
Authors: Bonollo Simona , Lanari Daniela , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2011

Review: unique role of water in the ring‐opening reactions; ca. 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic peri‐Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds and Their Derivatives
Authors: Mezheritskii V. V.
Published: August 2011

Review: 305 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Calix[4]resorcinarenes
Authors: Jain V. K. , Kanaiya P. H.
Published: August 2011

Review: 296 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Small Carbocyclic Rings to Porphyrins: A Personal Account of 50 Years of Research
Authors: Vogel Emanuel
Published: August 2011

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Figure Eights, Moebius Bands, and More: Conformation and Aromaticity of Porphyrinoids
Authors: Stepien Marcin , Sprutta Natasza , Latos‐Grazynski Lechoslaw
Published: August 2011

Review: 285 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanded Porphyrins: Intriguing Structures, Electronic Properties, and Reactivities
Authors: Saito Shohei , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: August 2011

Review: 268 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthalene and Perylene Diimides for Organic Transistors
Authors: Wuerthner Frank , Stolte Matthias
Published: August 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Amidoboranes for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Chua Yong Shen , Chen Ping , Wu Guotao , Xiong Zhitao
Published: August 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of Imines and Their Derivatives with Organoboron Reagents: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines
Authors: Ramadhar Timothy R. , Batey Robert A.
Published: August 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sphingolipids and Glycosphingolipids — Their Synthesis and Bioactivities
Authors: Mori Kenji , Tashiro Takuya
Published: August 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products Syntheses Based on the Biotransformation Using Biocatalyst
Authors: Akita Hiroyuki
Published: August 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Highly Nuclease‐Resistant Chemically‐Modified Oligonucleotides
Authors: Matsuda Akira
Published: August 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive Synthetic Study of Muraymycins Toward the Development of Novel Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Tanino Tetsuya , Ichikawa Satoshi , Uotani Koichi , Oyama Hiroshi , Matsuda Akira
Published: August 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Significance and Creation of Novel Cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Fukai Ryosuke , Zheng Xiaoxia , Motoshima Kazunori , Kakuta Hiroki
Published: August 2011

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Hydrogen‐Bonded Hexameric Encapsulation Complexes
Authors: Avram Liat , Cohen Yoram , Rebek Julius Jr.
Published: August 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How Easy Are the Syntheses of Allenes?
Authors: Yu Shichao , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2011

Review: 309 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Screening of Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Pfaltz Andreas
Published: August 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Tectonics: Complex Architecture by Self‐Assembly Processes
Authors: Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: August 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoid Alkaloids. Their Biosynthetic Twist of Fate and Total Synthesis
Authors: Cherney Emily C. , Baran Phil S.
Published: August 2011

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Grignard Reagents (Update 2010)
Authors: Yorimitsu H.
Published: August 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosation of Active Methyl and Methylene Groups on N‐Heteroaromatics
Authors: Tagawa Yoshinobu
Published: August 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazoles (Update 2010)
Authors: Khartulyari A. , Maier M. E.
Published: August 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug‐Delivery Strategies by Using Template‐Synthesized Nanotubes
Authors: Perry Jillian L. , Martin Charles R. , Stewart Jon D.
Published: August 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Materials Synthesis with Supercritical Water
Authors: Adschiri Tadafumi , Lee Youn‐Woo , Goto Motonobu , Takami Seiichi
Published: August 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Membrane Bioreactor Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in the Mediterranean Region: Focusing on Removal Efficiency of Non‐Conventional Pollutants
Authors: Bolzonella David , Fatone Francesco , di Fabio Silvia , Cecchi Franco
Published: August 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Aromaticity in Phosphazenes
Authors: Jha Prakash Chandra , Pati Y. Anusooya , Ramasesha S.
Published: August 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Measures of Aromaticity
Authors: Sastry G. Narahari , Venuvanalingam P. , Kolandaivel P.
Published: August 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solute—Solvent Hydrogen Bond Formation in the Excited State. Experimental and Theoretical Evidence
Authors: Matei Iulia , Ionescu Sorana , Hillebrand Mihaela
Published: August 2011

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroxides: Versatile Reporters and Reactants
Authors: Zottler Evelyn , Gescheidt Georg
Published: August 2011

Review: developments in the field of nitroxide spin probes and their various applications with the main focus on pH‐sensitive imidazoline nitroxide; 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Techniques for Investigating the Supramolecular Structure of Coordination Compounds in Solution
Authors: Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Zuccaccia Daniele , Macchioni Alceo
Published: August 2011

Review: 138 refs.
Stereodynamics and absolute configuration of stereolabile atropisomers in 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐aryl‐1‐indanols
Authors: Casarini Daniele , Mancinelli Michele , Mazzanti Andrea , Boschi Francesca
Published: August 2011

We describe herein the investigation of the stereodynamic processes occurring in a series of 1‐aryl‐2,2‐dimethylindanols, by dynamic NMR. When the aryl moiety is a mesityl or a 2‐methyl‐1‐naphthyl, the rotational barrier exceeds the 25 kcal/mol, so that stable atropisomers are observed. In two cases, all the chiral‐atropisomeric species have been separated by enantioselective HPLC, and the comparison between theoretical and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra allowed the absolute configuration assignment of all the isolated species to be obtained. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) in electrocoagulation process for the removal of iron from water
Authors: Vasudevan Subramanyan
Published: August 2011

In practice, direct current (DC) is used in an electrocoagulation processes. In this case, an impermeable oxide layer may form on the cathode as well as corrosion formation on the anode due to oxidation. This prevents the effective current transfer between the anode and cathode, so the efficiency of electrocoagulation processes declines. These disadvantages of DC have been diminished by adopting alternating current (AC) in electrocoagulation processes. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of AC and DC on the removal of iron from water using zinc as anode and cathode. The results showed that the optimum removal efficiency of 99.6% and 99.1% with the energy consumption of 0.625 and 0.991 kWh kL−1 was achieved at a current density of 0.06 A dm−2, at pH of 7.0 using AC and DC, respectively. For both AC and DC, the adsorption of iron was preferably fitting Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the adsorption process follows second order kinetics and the temperature studies showed that adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
TIO2/Nanoclay nanocomposite for phenol degradation in sonophotocatalytic reactor
Authors: Ghodke Shailesh , Sonawane Shirish , Gaikawad Ravindra , Mohite K. C.
Published: August 2011

A TiO2–nanoclay nanocomposite was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol in presence of acoustic cavitation. TiO2–nanoclay nanocomposite was synthesised in benzyl alcohol medium wherein TiO2 nanoparticles were formed between the nanoclay platelets. The synthesised product was characterised by using FTIR, XRD and TEM techniques. TEM image shows that TiO2–nanoclay nanocomposite particles were in the range of 30–40 nm. XRD gram confirms the formation of nanocomposite of TiO2 nanoclay. The effect of cavitation and TiO2–nanoclay nanocomposite photocatalyst on phenol removal was investigated. The effects of various parameters such as nanocomposite loading, initial concentration, etc., have been studied. On comparing the results obtained with that of nanocomposite without UV, it was found for an initial concentration of 500 mg/L of phenol, the TiO2–nanoclay nanocomposite exhibited higher percentage of pollutant removal (59%) and for nanoclay it was 47%. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Simulation of binary gas separation with asymmetric hollow fibre membranes and case studies of air separation
Authors: Kundu Prodip K. , Chakma Amit , Feng Xianshe
Published: August 2011

A mathematical model for high‐flux asymmetric hollow fibre membrane was developed considering the effect of permeate pressure build‐up inside the fibre bore. A new solution technique was developed to solve the model equations, which constitute a boundary value problem. The ordinary differential equations were solved as an initial value problem in two successive steps using the Gear's BDF method. The technique is advantageous since it requires minimum computational time and effort with improved solution stability, and the computational complexity does not multiply as the number of components increases. The model predictions and the robustness of the numerical technique were validated with experimental data for several membrane systems with different flow configurations. The model and the solution technique were applied to evaluate the separation characteristics of air using representative membranes with different configurations, including single‐stage, single‐stage with permeate recycle, single‐stage with retentate recycle, air blending, and two stages in series. The study demonstrates that the new solution technique can conveniently handle the high‐flux hollow fibre membrane problems with different module configurations. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
On the transition stage of bubble formation on the orifice of a submerged vertical nozzle
Authors: Lee Shong‐Leih , Yang Chao‐Fu
Published: August 2011

The transition stage (self‐accelerating necking process) generally takes place before a bubble collapses. However, the mechanism is still not well understood. In this article, seven existing experiments dealing with bubble formation on the orifice of a submerged vertical nozzle are examined by solving the Young–Laplace equation. Multiple solution modes are found. Bubble in solution mode 2 has a neck and thus taller than mode 1 at the same volume. The present numerical result along with an experiment from Longuet‐Higgins et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 230, 365–390 (1991)] evidences an isometric transition from solution modes 1 to 2. This might account for the self‐accelerating necking process before a bubble collapses. Surprisingly, all of the seven existing experiments agree excellently with the bubble shapes from the Young–Laplace equation without the dynamic effect even when the bubble growth rate in the experiment is 2.25 times as large as the critical value. The gas flow rate (the dynamic effect) seems to play a role only after the transition stage. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Genealogy of extremal particles of branching Brownian motion
Authors: Arguin L.‐P. , Bovier A. , Kistler N.
Published: August 2011

Branching Brownian motion describes a system of particles that diffuse in space and split into offspring according to a certain random mechanism. By virtue of the groundbreaking work by M. Bramson on the convergence of solutions of the Fisher‐KPP equation to traveling waves, the law of the rightmost particle in the limit of large times is rather well understood. In this work, we address the full statistics of the extremal particles (first‐, second‐, third‐largest, etc.). In particular, we prove that in the large t‐limit, such particles descend with overwhelming probability from ancestors having split either within a distance of order 1 from time 0, or within a distance of order 1 from time t. The approach relies on characterizing, up to a certain level of precision, the paths of the extremal particles. As a byproduct, a heuristic picture of branching Brownian motion “at the edge” emerges, which sheds light on the still unknown limiting extremal process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved breakdown criterion for einstein vacuum equations in CMC gauge
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: August 2011

Let
${\cal M}_*$ = ∪ Σt be a part of vacuum globally hyperbolic space‐time (M, g), foliated by constant mean curvature hypersurfaces Σt with t0 < t* < 0. We improve the existing breakdown criteria for Einstein vacuum equations by showing that the foliation can be extended beyond t* provided the second fundamental form k and the lapse function n satisfy the weaker condition

The proof of this result %in particular relies on the second main result of the paper, which gives a uniform lower bound on the null radius of injectivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphorescence Energies of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes from Spin‐Flip Tamm–Dancoff Approximation Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kühn Michael , Weigend Florian
Published: August 2011

The phosphorescence energy in organometallic transition‐metal compounds relevant for organic light‐emitting diodes is calculated using spin‐flip time‐dependent density functional theory within the Tamm–Dancoff approximation, a technique presented by Wang and Ziegler. This method is implemented in the TURBOMOLE program suite by modifications of the present code. The predictions of the triplet–singlet transition energies with the spin‐flip approach using functionals of the local density approximation are significantly more stable than those obtained from the indirect calculation as singlet–triplet excitation with conventional time‐dependent density functional theory. They are also more stable than those of Δ‐SCF, even if more sophisticated generalized gradient or hybrid functionals are used for the latter.
In Situ Synchrotron Radiation X‐Ray Microspectroscopy of Polymer Microcontainers
Authors: Graf‐Zeiler Birgit , Fink Rainer H. , Tzvetkov George
Published: August 2011

Direct, real‐time analytical techniques that provide high‐resolution information on the chemical composition and submicrometer structure of various polymer micro‐ and nanoparticles are in high demand in a range of life science disciplines. Synchrotron‐based scanning transmission X‐ray microspectroscopy (STXM) combines both local‐spot chemical information (assessed via near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) and imaging with resolution of several tens of nanometers, and thus can yield new insights into the nanoscale properties of these materials. Furthermore, this method allows in situ examination of soft‐matter samples in aqueous/gaseous environments and under external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, ultrasound, and light irradiation. This Minireview highlights some recent progress in the application of the STXM technique to study the temperature‐dependent behavior of polymer core–shell microcapsules and to characterize the physicochemical properties of the supporting shells of gas‐filled microbubbles in their natural hydrated state.
Optical measurement of electric field distributions with time in propylene carbonate
Authors: Ihori Haruo , Ninomiya Sei , Fujii Masaharu
Published: August 2011

Electrical insulation diagnosis requires that we obtain information about the electric field distribution and the space charge distribution in insulating materials. We have measured nonuniform electric field vector distributions in liquid dielectrics by our original method based on the electrooptic Kerr effect and the CT method. We carried out time sequence measurement of the electric field vector distribution in propylene carbonate, which is a dielectric liquid. When a DC voltage pulse of 200‐ms width was applied to a parallel plane electrode system, the electric field vector distributions, which had the shape of a circle 12 mm in diameter, were measured at time intervals of 3 ms. The measurements were carried out while varying the conductivity of the liquid. The distribution a certain time after applying the voltage pulse seemed to be disturbed. Observation of the time at which the disturbance started would make it possible to determine the behavior and electrical characteristics of the liquid. We also studied the evaluation of remnant charges. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(9): 45–51, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10351
A compensated/uncompensated independent mechanism of exchange anisotropy appearance using a model with loose coupling in the antiferromagnetic region
Authors: Sakurai Yutaka
Published: August 2011

Since its discovery, unidirectional anisotropy appearing in exchange coupled ferromagnetic (F)/antiferromagnetic (AF) layers has been used to pin ferromagnetic layers of various spin devices. However, a fundamental understanding is still lacking. The author has already demonstrated a mechanism based on simply assuming a loosely coupled layer in the AF region, without imposing any restrictions on the classical Heisenberg spins, with perfect compensated and uncompensated AF interfaces on the simple cubic (sc) lattice. The difference between compensated and uncompensated is only the F/AF coupling form (spin flop or collinear) interaction, and unidirectional anisotropy does not depend on the compensated or uncompensated case, but appears as a result of introducing loose coupling in the AF region. The unidirectional anisotropy energy does not come from the F/AF interfaces, but from the inner AF coupling defects. As reported in our previous papers, a large decrease in AF interaction from 1/10 to 1/1000 of the usual AF interaction was necessary in order to obtain unidirectional anisotropy in the systems. Correspondence between loose coupling and the defect mode, cell size dependency in the fcc system, and thickness dependency are topics for future investigation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(9): 36–44, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10352