bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MISCARRIAGE OF JUS- TICE AS ONE OF THE REASONS FOR NOT ACHIEVING PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT
Authors: Kovalyov A.F. , Kupirova Ch.Sh. , Nechaeva E.V. , Perepyolkin V.Ya.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the hypothesis that a judicial error can significantly reduce the likelihood of achieving the goals of criminal punishment. The concepts of miscarriage of justice and the goals of punishment are formulated, and the consequences of failure to achieve the goals of criminal punishment are analyzed. Statistical data are provided that confirm the existence of the problem of inefficient implementation of the goals of criminal punishment. Possible, probable, as well as actually committed judicial errors are considered, as a result of which the goals of punishment cannot be achieved. The authors come to the conclusion that a significant reduction in the number of judicial errors will have an exceptionally positive impact not only on the judicial system, including its authority, but also on other involved systems – criminal law, penal enforcement, etc. A correct court decision regarding the size and type of punishment is a necessary basis for achieving the goals specified in Part 2 of Article 43 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
SUDEBNIK 1589: FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF PEASANT LAND OWNERSHIP AND LAND USE IN NORTH-WESTERN RUSSIA
Authors: Parshina N.V. , Chuprova A.A.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the legal review of the monument of law of the last quarter of the XVI century – the Sudebnik of 1589, namely, its norms on peasant land ownership and land use. The article analyzes the legislative regulation of land relations in the north-western lands of Russia with the help of historical-legal and comparative-legal methods. To summarize the results of the study, the authors also considered the norms of the Judicial Code of 1550, which regulate the above-mentioned circle of public relations, but are applied in the central regions of Russia, where serfdom existed and actively developed. The comparative characteristics of the legal regulation of land relations among the peasantry in these legal monuments allow us to assert the interdependence of the rights of the Russian landowner on the territorial factor. The authors come to the conclusion that the peculiarity of the legal regulation of land relations in the Judicial Code of 1589 was interconnected and mutually conditioned by the specifics of the social and social structure of Pomerania, on the territory of which its norms were distributed, and where, unlike the central regions of the Moscow Kingdom, the peasant population lived free from serfdom.
REASONS, FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF AGENCY PROBLEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Vasilyev S.I.
Published: June 2021

This article is about agency relationship which formed due to the delegation of part of the powers of shareholders to employees. Also, this article is about the emergence of an agency problem which is aggravated by behavioral and environmental factors. The main reason of the agency problem is the separation of ownership from control. The divergence of interests between owners and managers leads to an increase in agency costs in this area. The central issue in the theory of agency relations is agency costs. The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the development of the theory of corporate governance and the theory of agency relations. The relevance of the agency problem and the problem of corporate governance lies in the study of theoretical and practical research of agency costs, sources and factors which influence on the investment activities of the company. As a result of the study, the emergence and formation of the concept of agency costs were considered
Wpływ Covid-19 na stan środowiska w kontekście hierarchizacji potrzeb nabywania produktów codziennego użytku, zrównoważonej gospodarki odpadami oraz świadomości ekologicznej
Authors: Kubasek Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Niniejsza praca jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania związane z wpływem stanu pandemii COVID-19 na zachowania konsumenta, jego hierarchizację potrzeb, stan świadomości ekologicznej, w kontekście ogólnie pojętej ochrony środowiska oraz zrównoważonej gospodarki.Autor, analizując szereg raportów dotyczących wpływu pandemii na zachowania człowieka i środowisko, zgłębiając źródła naukowe dotyczące zachowań konsumenckich i nastrojów społecznych w dobie kryzysów gospodarczych, szuka odpowiedzi na pytania, na jakie dziedziny życia człowieka pandemia wywarła największy wpływ i czy środowisko naturalne skorzysta na tych zmianach. W pracy podjęto między innymi pytania: „Czy chwilowe zatrzymanie wszelkiej aktywności związane z lockdownem przyczyniło się do refleksji i zmiany zachowań w kontekście stylu postępowania społeczeństwa konsumpcyjnego?”, „Czy nowa rzeczywistość postpandemiczna będzie oparta na świadomych zrównoważonych wyborach konsumenckich?” i „Czy pandemia jest dla nas ratunkiem w dobie katastrofy klimatycznej?”.Zgłębiając źródła naukowe z dziedziny zachowań konsumenta, autor dochodzi do wniosku, że reakcja społeczna na efekty pandemii oraz trudne wydarzenia gospodarcze jest przewidywalnym mechanizmem. Podpierając się analizami wyników badań naukowych dotyczącymi emisji CO2 do atmosfery oraz wypowiedziami ekspertów z dziedziny ochrony środowiska, jak również zachowań konsumenta, autor wysnuwa konkluzję, że po krótkotrwałej poprawie stanu środowiska wywołanej zatrzymaniem gospodarki może dojść do tak zwanego efektu zanieczyszczeń odwetowych, które znacząco pogorszą stan środowiska w porównaniu do stanu przed pandemią.Autor jako cel niniejszych badań konstruuje własny scenariusz rzeczywistości postpandemicznej, w której wartością i kluczem do podejmowania decyzji w kierunku pozytywnej zmiany będzie motoryka świadomych, opartych na zrównoważonej gospodarce, systemowych rozwiązań.
Odnalezione w krajobrazie – wprowadzone do wnętrza
Authors: Łapińska Joanna
Published: June 2021

Artykuł napisany w ramach zadania badawczego „Odnalezione w krajobrazie – niepozorne / upragnione – przestrzenie wyobrażone” dotyczy przestrzeni mieszkalnej, na którą największy wpływ miała pandemia COVID-19. Scharakteryzowane w nim zostały negatywne skutki zamknięcia i izolacji, dla których rozwiązaniem może być projektowanie biofiliczne. Ukazane zostały podobieństwa pomiędzy wzorcami biofilii a nastawioną na kontakt z przyrodą estetyką japońską. Podane zostały przykłady architektury pozytywnie oddziałującej na użytkownika dzięki związkom z naturą. Problem ten został zbadany na podstawie publikacji naukowych oraz analizy projektów, w tym także studyjnych.
Siła miejskiej pustki
Authors: Kalenik Iwona
Published: June 2021

„W czasie zarazy” życie miasta toczy się dalej, zmieniając swój rytm i dostosowując się do trudnych okoliczności i ograniczeń. Wycofuje się do strefy prywatnej, do wnętrz ukrytych za grubymi murami. Balkony, niczym łączniki między wnętrzem i zewnętrzem, stają się przestrzeniami o nieocenionej wartości. Tak jak rozedrgania fasad, schody, nisze, podcienie i arkady, rozwarstwienia w warstwie architektonicznej, które pozwalają uznać przestrzeń miasta za przyjazną, bo dającą się dotknąć, poczuć, pozwalają przysiąść i odpocząć, pobyć. Nawet wtedy, gdy nie oferuje atrakcji, nie migocze światłami kawiarni, nie zaprasza do galerii sztuki ani na wieczorne spektakle teatralne. Miasto dotknięte pandemią zamyka miejsca spotkań – restauracje, galerie sztuki, kina. Jednocześnie kryzys obnaża siłę miejskiej pustki – przestrzeni ulic, placów, formowanych fasadami budynków oraz odsłania potencjał otwartych miejsc spotkań, przestrzeni spacerów i miejskich włóczęg. Jeśli nie są inspirujące, nie poruszają, miasto cichnie i obumiera, mieszkańcy nie mają dokąd pójść, nie mogą spotkać się i poczuć „w mieście”. Są jednak takie, które nie oferując nic poza swoją formą, wciąż są odwiedzane, nie tracą życia, przyciągają mieszkańców. W czym tkwi sekret ich niezwykłej jakości? Jak warstwa architektoniczna przestrzeni publicznych wpływa na zachowania mieszkańców? Czy pozbawiona „eventów” i komercyjnych atrakcji przestrzeń może zachęcać do bycia w niej?Artykuł podejmuje temat przestrzeni jako miejsca spotkań i zawiera analizę oraz interpretację obserwacji kilku wybranych przestrzeni miejskich pod kątem ich potencjału bycia przestrzeniami spotkań.
Using Auxiliary Information More Efficiently in Population Variance Estimation - A New Family of Estimators
Authors: Ullah Kalim , Hussain Zawar , Cheema Salman Arif
Published: June 2021

In this article, we have suggested estimation of variance in finite population by using known values of parameter related to auxiliary information such as rank and second raw moment of auxiliary variable in stratified random sampling. The expression for the bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the suggested estimator are obtained up to first order of approximation. The proposed estimator is efficient comparatively various other estimators. A numerical and theoretical study are performed to support the suggested estimator.
Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in the Punjab by Using Panel Count Data Models
Authors: Khan Muhammad Anus Hayat , Hussain Ijaz
Published: June 2021

Each year more than three thousand people die and get serious injuries in traffic accidents. Count data model provide more precise tools for planners and decision makers to conduct proactive road safety planning.We analyzed the exploratory research of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and furthermore explores the factors affecting the RTAs frequency in 36 districts of the Punjab over a time period of three years (July 1, 2013 June 30, 2016) with monthly data using panel count data models. Among the models considered, the random parameters Poisson panel count data model is found to fit the data best. The exploratory analysis shows that highly dense populated districts with large number of registered vehicles causes more accidents as compared to low density populated districts. It is found that, most of the variables used to control the variation in the frequency of RTAs counts play vital role with higher significance levels. The application of regression analysis and modeling of RTAs at district level in Punjab will help to identification of districts with high RTAs rates and this could help more efficient road safety management in the Punjab.
Statistical Modeling and Significance of Inputs Studies for the Rice Crop Productivity in Pakistan
Authors: Islam Muhammad , Siddiqui Rabia
Published: June 2021

Lower production of rice crop and increasing population trend is a tangible question for Pakistan. The current study based cross-sectional data collected from crop reporting service Punjab. The multiple linear regression (MLR) model is applied to investigate the significant factor for rice crop yield enhancement. The inputs variable i.e. owned land, seed rate, DAP, Urea, no. of water, no. of ploughs, no. of levels, crop life periods days, other fertilizers, variety super yes or no, seed type yes or no, spray no or yes and disease attack yes or no are studied in MLR model for rice productivity. All the factors found to be statistical significant except land, level, crop life period and super variety. Adj R2 is found to be 0.422 and it is good fit for cross-sectional data.
COVID-19 Sürecinde Çevrimiçi İkinci El Ürün Alışverişine Yönelik Tutum ve Satın Alma Niyeti Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: TELLİ Sahure Gonca , AYDIN Samet , GEZMİŞOĞLU ŞEN Didem
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 süreci insanların yaşam tarzında bir takım değişikliklere yol açmış ve özellikle bireyleri çevrimiçi alışverişe yönlendirmiştir. Çevrimiçi alışverişin tüketiciler tarafından yaygın ve hızlı bir şekilde benimsenmesi ile birlikte ikinci el alışveriş için de çevrimiçi platformlar önemli bir seçenek halini almıştır. Bu çalışmada tüketicilerin ikinci el çevrimiçi alışverişinde algıladıkları kullanışlılık, kullanım kolaylığı, hijyen, teslimat, güvenlik ve fiyat değişkenlerinin çevrimiçi alışveriş tutumu ve ikinci el satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle 467 tüketiciden toplanan veri PLS-SEM Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre çevrimiçi ikinci el alışverişe yönelik tutumda tüketicilerin güvenlik, fiyat ve kullanışlılığa yönelik algılarının anlamlı etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın, hijyen, teslimat ve kullanım kolaylığı değişkenleri için benzer bir etki görülmemiştir. Araştırmanın diğer bir sonucu ise ikinci el alışverişe yönelik tutumun satın alma niyeti üzerindeki belirleyici rolüdür.
COVID-19 Pandemide Uzaktan Çalışan Z Kuşağı Kadınların Kariyer Yolu Tercihleri ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisi
Authors: ÇİLLİOĞLU KARADEMİR Aslı , KİRT Burcu
Published: June 2021

Kariyer yolu tercihi ve işten ayrılma ya da işte kalma kararı kariyer sürecindeki en kritik adımlardandır. Bireylerin farklılık ve istekleri ile çevre koşulları kariyer yolu tercihlerine yansımaktadır. Z kuşağının ve kadınların sahip olduğu farklılıkların çalışma hayatında ve alanyazında kariyer gelişimini değiştirmesi beklenmektedir. Ayrıca COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde çalışma hayatının yaşamakta olduğu dönüşüm, çalışanların kariyer yolu tercihlerini etkilemektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de uzaktan çalışan Z kuşağı kadınların kariyer yolu tercihleri ile işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini uzaktan çalışan 146 Z kuşağı kadın oluşturmaktadır. Ölçüm aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde merkezi eğilim ve dağılım ölçümleri, korelasyon, ANOVA ve t-testi yapılmıştır. Anket yanıtlarının madde, boyut ve değişkenlere göre ortalamaları yorumlanmıştır. İşten ayrılma niyeti ile kariyer yolu tercihleri arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışanların mezun oldukları yani eğitim aldıkları mesleki alanda çalışmak istedikleri bununla beraber yönetici olarak yeni beceriler kazanmaya ve projelerde yeni yeterlilikler edinmeye açık oldukları görülmektedir.
Kayıt Dışı Ekonomiye Karşı Halkın Bilinçlendirilmesi Bağlamında Alınması Gereken Önlemler
Authors: DURSUN Hasan , DAĞCI Adem
Published: June 2021

Farklı kavramlarla ifade edilen kayıt dışı ekonomi Türkiye’nin karşı karşıya kaldığı en önemli sorunlardan birisini oluşturmaktadır. Kayıt dışı ekonominin verdiği zararlar sayılamayacak kadar çok olsa da en önemlilerini şu şekilde saymak olanaklıdır: Kayıt dışı ekonomi, AB’ye tam üyelik yolunda engel oluşturmakta, GSYH hesaplarını bozarak ve vergi gelirlerini azaltarak kalkınmanın sağlanmasını olanaksız veya oldukça güç hale getirmektedir. Yine, kayıt dışı ekonomi, işçi, işveren ve devlet bakımından önemli sakıncalar doğurmakta, kayıt dışı ekonominin bir türünü oluşturan suç faaliyetleri ülke ve toplumu çökertme noktasına getirmekte, söz konusu ekonominin kentlerde yoğunlaşması kent istihdamı ve çevresel açılardan sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Hangi tür önlemler alınırsa alınsın kayıt dışı ekonominin zararları konunda yeterli bir toplumsal bilinç uyandırılmazsa kayıt dışı ekonomiye karşı başarı kazanabilmek olanaksız değilse bile oldukça güçtür. Okuma alışkanlığının son derece zayıf, buna karşın televizyon seyretme alışkanlığının oldukça güçlü olduğu Türkiye’de televizyonlarda izlettirilecek kamu spotlarıyla kayıt dışı ekonominin zararları konusunda halkta bilinç oluşturulması, kayıt dışı ekonomiyle mücadelede başarı için yaşamsal bir önem taşımaktadır.
Avaliação ex post de atos de concentração:
Authors: Soares Vieira Magalhães Henrique
Published: June 2021

O artigo trata da realização de avaliações ex post de atos de concentração pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica - Cade. O autor concluiu que a autoridade concorrencial brasileira deu um primeiro e importante passo em direção à melhoria da transparência e da efetividade de suas decisões ao realizar sua primeira avaliação ex post de um ato de concentração. Apesar do atraso em relação às principais autoridades concorrenciais do mundo, a implementação desse tipo de avaliação pelo Cade está na direção correta, no entanto é necessário que a autoridade antitruste aperfeiçoe processos internos e fortaleça sua capacidade institucional a fim de que se atinja uma implementação sistemática da avaliação ex post de atos de concentração.
Antibacterial Properties of Local Malaysian Trigona Sp. Honey Towards Different of Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro
Authors: Jassim Shalsh Fawzia , Mohammed Khalaf Ahmed , Hafiz Mohammed , Ibrahim Ali Imad
Published: June 2021

Honey is one of the oldest natural medicines known with a very high therapeutic value. Nowadays, in the medical field, several important therapeutic effects of honey have been elucidated. This study was conducted to reveal the antimicrobial activity of the commercially available local Malaysian Trigona sp. honey towards different pathogenic bacteria specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the disc-diffusion test and agar well diffusion test. Different concentration of the honey was tested in the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion test. The results of these tests were in terms of Inhibition zone diameter. The results obtained from the current study are the dilution of different concentration of honey from Trigona sp. are very significant because the only net concentration of both of honey Trigon a sp. possessed antimicrobial properties in term of Minimum inhibitory concentration) and Minimum bactericidal concentration. The result also can say that Trigona sp. honey possessed antibacterial properties and can be used as alternative medicine in the veterinary field in the future.
REPRESENTASI PASAR TUMPAH DI SURYAKENCANA BOGOR SEBAGAI REALITAS SOSIAL DALAM KARYA SKETSA
Authors: Permata Ayu Ardianti , Alibasyah Hafid
Published: June 2021

Pasar tumpah dapat dikatakan sebagai fenomena sosial yang terjadi di ruang publik, juga dapat digolongkan sebagai pasar tradisional yang mempunyai relasi langsung dengan realitas kemasyarakatan, menyajikan barang jualan dengan tanpa berhias---spontan, jujur, apa adanya, tidak memikirkan penataan atau display tertentu---, bersifat arbitrer, dalam ruang temporal karena tidak permanen, bahkan terkadang menunjukkan adanya kontestasi dalam keberlangsungannya. Adapun segala bentuk permasalahan yang ditimbulkan---kemacetan, mengotori lingkungan tetap membuat kegiatan ini terus berlangsung dan menjamur di pelbagai daerah. Dalam hal ini konteks-konteks sosial, seperti relasi kuasa dan ‘supply-demand’ dihubungkan dengan waktu dan peristiwa, ikut berperan dalam membangun pasar tumpah. Studi ini mengkaji pergulatan konteks sosial yang terjadi di pasar tumpah khususnya di Jalan Suryakencana, kota Bogor. Adapun realita dan konteks sosial yang ada di pasar tumpah tersebut menjadi dasar bagi pengamatan kesenirupaan, sebagai konsep visual, yang akan direpresentasikan ke dalam penciptaan karya seni visual yaitu sketsa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif, yang dilakukan melalui observasi langsung dan studi literatur dengan pendekatan kajian budaya.
Representasi Magical Realisme Melalui Sinematografi dalam film Sarvani Bhutani
Authors: Murti Danu , Angraini Adelina
Published: June 2021

Film Sarvani bhutani bercerita tentang keserakahan manusia terhadap alam yang dikemas melalui budaya dan kepercayaan yang diwujudkan melalui dunia nyata dan dunia roh. Mengambil setting di Bali tahun 1940, pendekatan visual yang digunakan pada film ini adalah gaya magical realism, sinematografi bisa mewujudkannya melalui tata cahaya dan komposisi yang sesuai melalui pesan yang ada di dalam skenario.
Pemaknaan Lirik Lagu "Sayur Kol" (Studi Semiotik Terhadap Lirik Lagu “Sayur Kol” karya Nanu Mulyono)
Authors: Siagian Esther , Simaremare Liston
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) aspek struktural pada lirik lagu“Sayur Kol” karya Nanu Mulyono yang terdiri dari a) aspek bunyi, b) aspek sintaksis, c) aspek semantik 2) aspek semiotik yang meliputi a) ikon, b) indeks, c) simbol pada lirik lagu Sayur Kol karya Nanu Mulyono. Subyek penelitian ini adalah lirik lagu yang berjudul Sayur Kol. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian adalah tehnik analisis konten yang bersifat kualitatif. Pengadaan data dilakukan dengan penentuan unit analisis, pengumpulan data, serta pencatatan data. Validitas ditentukan berdasarkan validitas semantik. Realibilitas dilakukan dengan membaca secara heuristik dan hermeneutik pada lirik lagu Sayur Kol karya Nanu Mulyono.
STRATEGI PROMOSI KEBUN RAYA UNMUL SAMARINDA TERHADAP TINGKAT KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN
Authors: Rinto Dwiatmojo  , Said Keliwar  , I Wayan Sudarmayasa  , Anton Nurcahyo  , Isransyah Nur
Published: June 2021

Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda sebagai salah satu destinasi tujuan wisata yang berada di Samarinda, Kalimatan Timur memfungsikan sebagai tempat memelihara, membina vegetasi dan memperbanyak keanekaragaman flora jenis-jenis eksotik, tempat penelitian, tempat pendidikan lingkungan hidup dan  berperanan sebagai areal rekreasi alam (Ekowisata). Sebagai salah satu destinasi unggulan di Samarinda KRUS berusaha agar tetap diminati oleh para pengunjung, namu hal ini tidaklah mudah jika pemasaran yang dilakukan secara optimal terutama bagaimana mengkomunikasikannya kepada pengunjung. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui strategi promosi yang tepat dalam rangka meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan kepada pihak pengelola untuk tidak saja menggunakan promosi dari mulut ke mulut namun di bantu dengan menggunakan bauran promosi lainnya yang terdiri dari Advertising, Personal Selling, Publicity, dan  Sales Promotion sebagai strategi promosi Kebun Raya Unmul samarinda
Analisis Pengaruh Positioning Daya Tarik Wisata Terhadap Keputusan Wisatawan Untuk Berkunjung Di Objek Wisata Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda
Authors: Rinto Dwiatmojo  , Isransyah Nur
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine whether the positioning variable has a partial and simultaneous influence on tourists' decision to visit the Samarinda Unmul Botanical Garden? Which is the most dominant influence on the decision of tourists visiting the Botanical Gardens Unmul Samarinda? This study uses a Multiple Regression analysis to analyze research results. Ha accepted that there is an influence between the experimental concept on tourists' decision to visit. Thi's evidenced by the value of tcount> t table (3.049> 1.661), the significance is less than 0.05 (0.003).
Potential of Mangrove Ecosystem as a Tourism Object Development in Kaledupa Island
Authors: Amiruddin Akbar Fisu  , Afandi Ahmad  , Adrianto Hidayat  , Liza Utami Marzaman
Published: June 2021

Mangrove forests that live in coastal areas, besides being beneficial for human needs, also often clash with development interests such as ports, fish ponds, and tourist areas that threaten their sustainability. Wakatobi Regency has the potential of living natural resources in the form of coastal and marine resources which are quite large, including mangrove ecosystems, seagrass ecosystems and coral reef ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of mangrove ecosystems and to design the development of mangrove forests as an ecotourism potential. This research is a descriptive-evaluative research, with a qualitative approach. This research is important as a consideration in the development of attractions, which are the main sector in Wakatobi Regency. Mangrove species that dominate throughout the Wakatobi region are Rhizophora spp, Avicennia spp. and Sonneratia spp. Based on the potential of each island in Wakatobi Regency, Kaledupa Island is a priority area to be developed into ecotourism. This study recommends the construction of several supporting facilities for ecotourism on Kaledupa Island. Suggestions and infrastructure include service facilities, trade facilities and accommodation facilities
Devisa dan Turis Mancanegara
Authors: Teguh Permanaa  , Andriani Puspitaningsih
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the economic conditions in terms of foreign tourists as foreign exchange earners during the Covid19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive method and content analysis. Broadly speaking, the systematic writing is more narrative that collects the opinions of experts, journals, books and writings published on the internet related to foreign exchange and foreign tourists. The results showed that foreign exchange and foreign tourists experienced a very large decline since the spread of the Covid19 virus. The research findings imply that the government must immediately take quick steps to overcome this in order to increase the country's foreign exchange.
Manajemen Krisis Destinasi Wisata Pasca Bencana Tsunami Selat Sunda oleh Humas Pemerintah
Authors: Putri Widya Oktarini  , Gayatri Atmadi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to: (1). Obtained comprehensive descriptions of crisis management conducted in Tanjung Lesung tourist destination after Sunda Strait tsunami natural disaster by The Public Communication Bureau of the Ministry of Tourism. (2). Media options used by the Public Communications Bureau to support crisis management. This study uses an interpretive paradigm method with a qualitative descriptive approach and a case study as research strategy. The method of collecting data in this study was through direct interviews with the Ministry of Tourism's Public Communication Crisis Team. The results showed that the crisis management and strategy carried out was by conducting impact research and news in the media, making programming planning in the form of the appointment of aspokesperson, key public, publishing press releases regularly and organizing events. Besides that, the implementation involved several related communities in disseminating information.
Review: Potensi Berbagai Spesies Ganoderma Sebagai Tanaman Obat
Authors: . Surahmaida
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKDi dunia, jamur Ganodermatelah dikenal sebagai jamur obat. Ganoderma lebih dikenal dengan sebutan jamur Lingzhi atau Reishi. Dari 2000 spesies Ganoderma, hanya 6 spesies yang telah diteliti memiliki efek potensial dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, dan G. neojapanicum. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalam Ganoderma terus dikembangkan dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai obat alternatif. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan jamur Ganoderma bebas dari efek samping.Enam spesies Ganoderma ini memiliki karakteristik dengan berbagai potensi kesehatan yang berbedabeda dan berkhasiat sebagai bahan obat. Dari keenam Ganoderma, hanya G. boninense yang memiliki toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina.Kata Kunci: Tipe-tipe Ganoderma sp, karakteristik fisik, senyawa bioaktif, manfaat Ganoderma sp. bagi kesehatanABSTRACTIn the world, the fungus Ganoderma has been known as a medicinal mushroom. Ganoderma is known as Lingzhi or Reishi mushroom. From 2000 Ganoderma species, only six species that have been studied have a potential effect on health, namely G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, and G. neojapanicum. The content of bioactive compounds contained in Ganoderma continue to be developed in their usage as an alternative medicine. This is what causes the fungus Ganoderma is free from side effects. Six speciesof Ganoderma has characteristics with various health potentials that vary and efficacious as a drug ingredient. Of the six Ganoderma, only G. boninense has toxicity to the shrimp larvae of Artemia salina.Keywords: Types of Ganodermasp., physical characteristics, bioactive components, health benefits of Ganoderma sp.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol terhadap Escherichia coli.
Authors: Handrianto Prasetyo
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKJamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) merupakan herbal yang memiliki aktivitas antibiotik atau antibakteri. Triterpenoid dalam Jamur Lingzhi mengandung senyawa yang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri melaluimekanisme pengikatan polimer yang kuat terhadap porin (protein transmembran) pada membran luar dari dinding sel bakteri sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada porin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan efek ekstrak etanol Jamur Lingzhi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode cakram dengan mengamati zona hambat yang muncul disekitar cakram. Kosentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 20 µg / ml, 40 µg / ml, 60 µg / ml, 80 µg / ml, 100 µg / ml. Kosentrasi ekstrak 20µg / ml dan 40 µg / ml menghasilkan zona hambat masing-masing 10,5 mm dan 12,4 mm yang dikategorikan sebagai kurang aktif, sedangkan kosentrasi 60 µg / ml, 80 µg / ml, dan 100 µg / ml menghasilkan zona hambat 13,65 mm, 14,9 mm, dan 16,5 mm yang dikategorikan sebagai aktif. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak etanol Jamur Lingzhi dapat  menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli.Kata kunci : Ganoderma lucidum, Escherichia coli, Ekstrak etanol, Antibakteri.ABSTRACTLingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is a herbal remedy that has as an antibiotic or antibacterial activity. Lingzhi mushroom triterpenoids containing compounds which possess antibacterial activity by reacting with porin mechanisms (transmembrane protein) on the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall, forming a strong bond polymers that cause damage porin. The purpose of this study was to was to determine the effect of Lingzhi mushroom extract (Ganoderma lucidum) using ethanol in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli. The method used was paper disc method by observing the clear zone that is visible around the paper disc. And concentration used was 20 µg / ml, 40 µg / ml, 60 µg / ml, 80 µg / ml, 100 µg / ml. At a concentration of 20 µg /ml and 40 µg / ml produce inhibition zone of 10.5 mm and 12.4 mm by category inhibition zone less active and at a concentration of 60 µg / ml, 80 µg / ml, 100 µg / ml produce inhibition zone 13.65 mm by 14.9 mm and 16.5 mm in the active category. The results obtained show that the extract of lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) using ethanol effect on the growth of the bacterium Escherichia coli.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum , Escherichia coli, Ethanol extract, Antibacterial.
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol 96% Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Handrianto Prasetyo
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKStaphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang relatif sering dijumpai pada manusia. Beberapa infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus antara lain, bisul, infeksi luka dan pneumonia. Salah satu obattradisional yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus adalah jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak etanol jamur lingzhi, yaitu kontrol negatif (0 µg/ml), 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 60 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml dan 100 µg/ml dan dilakukan 6 kali pengulangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji aktivitas antimikroba yaitu metode difusi kertas cakram. Data zona hambat dianalisis dengan uji Anova One-Way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol jamurlingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml memiliki rata-rata daya hambat tertinggi yaitu sebesar 18,0 mm (sangat aktif). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi ekstrak jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum), maka akan berpengaruh besar pula terhadap zona hambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Keyword : Antibakteri, Ganoderma lucidum, Staphylococcus aureus, Etanol.ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can cause infections , such as boils , wound infections and pneumonia. One of the traditional medicines that can be used to treat these infections are fungal lingzhi (Ganodermalucidum). The study was conducted with five concentrations of negative control (0 µg/ml), 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 60 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml with six repeats. The method used in the test of antimicrobial activity is paper disc diffusion method. Data of inhibition zone were analyzed by Anova-One Way test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at concentration 100 µg/ml has highest average of inhibitory regions as big as 18,0 mm. It can be concluded that the greater the concentration of extract of lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) , it will affect the greater the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.Keyword : Antibakteri, Ganoderma lucidum, Staphylococcus aureus, Etanol.
Identifikasi dan Penetapan Kadar Klorin Dalam Pembalut Wanita yang Beredar di Kelurahan Ketintang dengan Metode Titrasi Iodimetri
Authors: Devianti Vika Ayu , Yulianti Cicik Herlina
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPembalut wanita adalah produk yang berbentuk lembaran/pad terbuat dari bahan selulosa/sintetik yang digunakan untuk menyerap cairan menstruasi atau cairan dari vagina, namun terdapat pembalut yang menggunakan bubur kertas dalam proses pembuatannya. Bubur kertas merupakan hasil limbah kertas, karton dan kardus melalui proses daur ulang yang mengalami proses pemutihan menggunakan klorin (Cl2). Pembalut yang mengandung klorin beresiko tinggi terhadap kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan kadar klorin pada beberapa merk pembalut wanita yang beredar di Kelurahan Ketintang, Kota Surabaya menggunakan metode titrasi iodimetri. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental. Sampel penelitian adalah 5 (lima) pembalut wanita lalu diuji di laboratorium Kimia Akademi Farmasi Surabaya dengan metode Titrasi Iodimetri. Hasil uji kualitatif dari 5 sampel hanya terdapat 1 sampel yang positif mengandung klorin. Sampel yang positif dilanjutkan dengan uji kuantitatif dan diperoleh kadar klorin sebesar 0,37 ppm.Kata kunci: Pembalut, Klorin, Titrasi IodimetriABSTRACTThe sanitary napkin is made from pulp as its main ingredient, which in the production process using  bleach pads, one of which is chlorine. Chlorine is high chemical which has a high oxide potential that can be used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant (eliminating germ). Chlorine in sanitary napkins is at high risk for reproductive health. This research was conducted to analyze and determine chlorine level in sanitary napkin with color reaction test and iodometry titration method. According to the minister of Health RI Regulation No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 regarding drinking water quality requirement that is maximum drinking water chlorine 5 ppm. The result of this study indicate that there is a sanitary napkins containing chlorine with a content of 0,37 ppm. As a result, indicate that chlorine levels in sanitary napkins are below the safe limits of the allowed chlorine content in drinking water quality requirement.Key Words: Sanitary Napkins, Chlorine, Iodimetry Titration.
Modifikasi Abu Bawah Batubara (Bottom Ash) Menggunakan Larutan Basa Kuat Natrium Hidroksida
Authors: Wardani Ratih Kusuma
Published: June 2021

Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan modifikasi abu bawah batubara menggunakan larutan basa kuat natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dengan konsentrasi 3M. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan abu bawah batubara sebelum dan sesudah modifikasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 3M. Terdapat perbedaan morfologi antara abu bawah batubara sebelum dan sesudah modifikasi. Abu bawah batubara tanpa modifikasi dan dengan modifikasi juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menurunkan konsentrasi logam berat Cd dalam larutan. Abu bawah batubara tanpa modifikasi dapat menurunkan konsentrasi logam berat Cd dalam larutan sekitar 40%, sedangkan abu bawah termodifikasi dapat menurunkan konsentrasi logam berat Cd dalam larutan sekitar 70%.Kata kunci: Abu Bawah Batubara, Modifikasi, Adsorben
Penentuan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas Dan Kadar Air Pada Minyak Goreng Yang Digunakan Oleh Pedagang Gorengan Di Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya
Authors: Ulfindrayani Ika Fitri , A’yuni Qurrota
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Kebutuhan minyak goreng sawit di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kebutuhan terbesar didominasi oleh penggunaan minyak goreng sawit sebagai media untuk menggoreng makanan yang salah satunya yaitu jajanan goreng (gorengan). Mayoritas pedagang gorengan tidak memperhatikan kualitas dari minyak goreng yang digunakan. Banyak pedagang gorengan membeli minyak goreng bekas (jelantah) demi mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Pada minyak jelantah mengandung asam lemak bebas akibat pemanasan berkala yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kualitas minyak goreng melalui dua parameter yaitu kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas minyak goreng yang digunakan oleh para pedagang gorengan. Sampel minyak goreng didapatkan dari pedagang gorengan di sepanjang Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Terdapat 7 pedagang gorengan yang menjual gorengannya dengan harga sekitar Rp. 1.000 – Rp 2.000. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode titrasi alkalimetri dan metode gravimeteri. Hasil analisa kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air menunjukkan bahwa dari 7 sampel terdapat 4 sampel minyak goreng yang tidak layak dikonsumsi karena tidak sesuai dengan syarat mutu minyak goreng SNI 01-3741-2002.

Kata kunci: Asam Lemak Bebas, Kadar Air, Minyak Goreng, Pedagang Gorengan.

ABSTRACT

The requirement of palm cooking oil in Indonesia increase from year to year. It was dominated by the use of palm cooking oil as a medium to fry. Fried food on street seller was one of foods that need oil in frying process. Many street fried food seller did not pay attention to the quality of cooking oil that used to fry. Waste cooking oil was the good choice for street fried food seller in order to get big profits. Waste cooking oil contains of free fatty acids due to periodic warming that is harmful to the body. It was important for us to know the quality of cooking oil which we used. Therefore, in this research, we did test the quality of cooking oil which used street fried food seller. Free fatty acid and water content were two parameters that can describe the quality of cooking oil. The samples of cooking oil were obtained from street fried food seller along Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. There are 7 street seller that selling fried food with price of about Rp. 1.000 - Rp 2.000. Alkalimetry titration and gravimetery method were used to determine free fatty acid and water content of samples. The result showed there are 4 samples of cooking oil that was not worthy to be consumed because not in accordance with requirement of cooking oil quality of SNI 01-3741-2002.

Key Words: Free Fatty Acid, Water Content, Cooking Oil, Street Fried Food Seller.
Entre la familia y el amor tensiones de género entre los amantes
Authors: García Marie-Carmen
Published: June 2021

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar las formas en las que la dominación masculina se expresa en relaciones amorosas clandestinas a largo plazo. Para ello, hemos realizado cincuenta y cinco entrevistas biográficas, de tres a seis horas de duración, en Francia. Dichas entrevistas se han grabado. Hemos seleccionado a personas que tienen o han tenido una relación extramatrimonial de más de dos años de forma regular. La investigación muestra que se trata de formas arcaicas de expresión de la dominación simbólica de los hombres, en particular a través de la apropiación sentimental de las mujeres en un contexto que escapa a las normas contemporáneas de igualdad de género y que, por el contrario, valora la virilidad tanto para las mujeres como para los hombres.
DETERMINANTES DA ESTRATÉGIA DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE COOPERATIVAS LÁCTEAS NO BRASIL E NA AUSTRÁLIA: ESTUDO DE CASOS
Authors: Simão Gustavo Leonardo , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo
Published: June 2021

O agronegócio do leite destaca-se pela sua elevada concentração nos elos de processamento em sua cadeia produtiva. Assim, agregar valor à produção, buscando a diferenciação, é uma das estratégias preconizadas como aquelas mais adequadas para a garantia da sustentabilidade de empreendimentos atuantes nesse contexto, inclusive para cooperativas. O presente trabalho intentou analisar os fatores determinantes para que atores organizacionais de cooperativas lácteas optem pelo modelo de comercialização em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. A metodologia para a obtenção dos dados foi a utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com distintos estratos de atores em duas unidades de análise no Brasil e na Austrália. Adicionalmente, utilizou-se também do método de análise documental. Os resultados evidenciam que a escolha por esse tipo de estruturação dá-se em virtude de frustrações estratégicas em parte ocasionadas pela natureza do ciclo de vida desses empreendimentos, em parte pela interveniência contingencial do macroambiente em que as decisões organizacionais são tomadas
Beyond the Binary: Building a Quantum Future
Authors: Ghose Shohini
Published: June 2021

Quantum mechanics has not only revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe, but has also transformed modern computing and communications technologies, leading to our current information age. The inherently nondeterministic nature of the theory is now leading to radical and powerful new frameworks for information processing and data transmission. This new quantum revolution raises social, political and ethical questions, but also provides an opportunity to develop quantum-inspired frameworks to examine and build the quantum information era.
Research in AI has Implications for Society: How do we Respond?
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug , Fosch-Villaronga Eduard
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers previously unimaginable possibilities, solving problems faster and more creatively than before, representing and inviting hope and change, but also fear and resistance. Unfortunately, while the pace of technology development and application dramatically accelerates, the understanding of its implications does not follow suit. Moreover, while mechanisms to anticipate, control, and steer AI development to prevent adverse consequences seem necessary, the current power dynamics on which society should frame such development is causing much confusion. In this article we ask whether AI advances should be restricted, modified, or adjusted based on their potential legal, ethical, societal consequences. We examine four possible arguments in favor of subjecting scientific activity to stricter ethical and political control and critically analyze them in light of the perspective that science, ethics, and politics should strive for a division of labor and balance of power rather than a conflation. We argue that the domains of science, ethics, and politics should not conflate if we are to retain the ability to adequately assess the adequate course of action in light of AI‘s implications. We do so because such conflation could lead to uncertain and questionable outcomes, such as politicized science or ethics washing, ethics constrained by corporate or scientific interests, insufficient regulation, and political activity due to a misplaced belief in industry self-regulation. As such, we argue that the different functions of science, ethics, and politics must be respected to ensure AI development serves the interests of society.
Experimental Regulations for AI: Sandboxes for Morals and Mores
Authors: Ranchordas Sofia
Published: June 2021

Recent EU legislative and policy initiatives aim to offer flexible, innovation-friendly, and future-proof regulatory frameworks. Key examples are the EU Coordinated Plan on AI and the recently published EU AI Regulation Proposal which refer to the importance of experimenting with regulatory sandboxes so as to balance innovation in AI against its potential risks. Originally developed in the Fintech sector, regulatory sandboxes create a test bed for a selected number of innovative projects, by waiving otherwise applicable rules, guiding compliance, or customizing enforcement. Despite the burgeoning literature on regulatory sandboxes and the regulation of AI, the legal, methodological, and ethical challenges of these anticipatory or, at times, adaptive regulatory frameworks have remained understudied. This exploratory article delves into the some of the benefits and intricacies of allowing for experimental instruments in the context of the regulation of AI. This article’s contribution is twofold: first, it contextualizes the adoption of regulatory sandboxes in the broader discussion on experimental approaches to regulation; second, it offers a reflection on the steps ahead for the design and implementation of AI regulatory sandboxes.
Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance to Develop Climate-Smart Rice Using Holistic Breeding Approach
Authors: Akhlasur Rahman M. , Khatun Hasina , Ruhul Amin Sarker M. , Hossain Hosneara , Ruhul Quddus M. , M. Iftekharuddaula Khandakar , Shahjahan Kabir M.
Published: June 2021

Agricultural land and resources reduced annually because of climate change thus it is necessary to further increase the productivity of the major staple food rice to sustain food security worldwide. However, rice productivity enhancement is one of the key challenges in abiotic stress-prone environments. The integration of cutting-edge breeding approaches and research management methods in the current varietal improvement pipelines can make a step-change towards varietal improvement for the abiotic stress-prone environments. Proper implementation of breeder’s equations in the crop improvement pipeline can deliver a higher rate of genetic gain. Single Seed Descent based Rapid Generation Advance (RGA) technique in field and greenhouse is the most promising innovations and low-cost, high-throughput marker-assisted selection approaches are applied for rapid and efficient selection for abiotic stress-tolerances. Also improving efficiency, intensity, and accuracy of selection and reducing breeding cycle time through holistic rice breeding that can play an important role in developing climate-smart abiotic stress-tolerant rice for target environments. This information can use as the future direction for rice breeders and other researchers.
Propagation Analysis of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Light of the Percolation Theory
Authors: Guettari Moez , El Aferni Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Efforts to combat the Covid-19 pandemic have not been limited to the processes of vaccine production, but they first began to analyze the dynamics of the epidemic’s spread so that they could adopt barrier measures to bypass the spread. To do this, the works of modeling, predicting and analyzing the spread of the virus continue to increase day after day. In this context, the aim of this chapter is to analyze the propagation of the Coronavirus pandemic by using the percolation theory. In fact, an analogy was established between the electrical conductivity of reverse micelles under temperature variation and the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic. So, the percolation theory was used to describe the cumulate infected people versus time by using a modified Sigmoid Boltzman equation (MSBE) and several quantities are introduced such as: the pandemic percolation time, the maximum infected people, the time constant and the characteristic contamination frequency deduced from Arrhenius equation. Scaling laws and critical exponents are introduced to describe the spread nature near the percolation time. The speed of propagation is also proposed and expressed. The novel approach based on the percolation theory was used to study the Coronavirus (Covid-19) spread in five countries: France, Italy, Germany, China and Tunisia, during 6 months of the pandemic spread (the first wave). So, an explicit expression connecting the number of people infected versus time is proposed to analyze the pandemic percolation. The reported MSBE fit results for the studied countries showed high accuracy.