bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation between Intimacy and Humor
Authors: Hampes William P.
Published: August 2011

A number of studies have shown that humor is associated with interpersonal competence so it was hypothesized that a high level of intimacy is associated with a high level of humor. The Measures of Psychosocial Development (used to measure intimacy) and the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire were given to 103 undergraduates. The high intimacy group of 52 scored significantly higher on humor than the low intimacy group of 51. Humor apparently helps people succeed in intimate relationships because it allows them to handle the stress within those relationships. Also pursuing studies of the relationship between humor and such Eriksonian psychosocial characteristics such as identity, generativity, and integrity, seems worthy.
Social Correlates of Opportunity-Based Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Suicide rates from car exhaust based both per opportunity and per capita were observed to have similar social correlates over the 48 continental states of the USA in 1980.
Applicability of the Impact on Family Scale for Assessing Families with Behaviorally Difficult Children
Authors: Sheeber Lisa B. , Johnson James H.
Published: August 2011

The present paper reports a series of studies on the potential usefulness of the Stein and Riessman Impact on Family Scale for assessing the effects of behaviorally difficult children on their families. Subjects were parents of 54 clinic and 76 nonclinic children who completed a child behavior or child temperament questionnaire in addition to the Impact on Family Scale. Findings suggest that, while the scale was developed for assessing the influence of a physically ill child on the family, this general assessment approach may also have value in assessing family-related changes associated with having a child who is difficult to look after.
Pinball Wizard: The Case of a Pinball Machine Addict
Authors: Griffiths Mark D.
Published: August 2011

This is a description of a young man who is addicted to playing pinball machines. The subject's playing history and playing pathology are outlined using an adapted version of the DSM-III—R criteria for pathological gambling. Such an adaptation of these criteria is proposed as beneficial in monitoring and recording objective measures of all gaming-machine addictions.
Psychology of Computer Use: XXVI. Computer-Related Stress and In-Class Computer Usage
Authors: Ballance Collin T. , Ballance Vickie V.
Published: August 2011

Two-year college students receiving three different levels of class-based computer experiences were surveyed using Hudiburg's Computer Technology Hassles Scale. Although their academic work involved widely different types of work with computers, all groups ( ns = 23, 32, and 24) appeared to perceive the same interactions with computers as unpleasant. The students selected unpleasant interactions in the same numbers and with the same intensity.
Family Perception of Rapists and Pedophiles
Authors: Bass Barry A. , Levant Marc David
Published: August 2011

Previous research indicates that sex offenders were more likely to have been reared in dysfunctional families and to have identified less with their parents than were individuals in most comparison groups. It is unclear whether such failure to identify may be related to the perceived parenting styles and attitudes of the sex offenders' parents. 16 rapists, 18 pedophiles, 9 general offenders, and 11 college students completed the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory to assess perceived parental communication patterns and attitudes. It was predicted that rapists and pedophiles would perceive their parents as (1) having been more rejecting, (2) as having exerted more control while encouraging less autonomy, and (3) as having provided harsher discipline than would individuals in comparison groups. Results supported the first two predictions.
Differences in Awareness and Perceptions of Smokers' Behaviors
Authors: Remer Rory
Published: August 2011

Information regarding smokers' ( n = 74), never-smokers' ( n = 56), and former smokers' ( n = 13) relative awareness of and reaction to a sample of 17 negative behaviors of smokers was elicited and examined. Over-all ratings of irritation and of awareness were also analyzed for the 143 participants solicited in shopping malls in Lexington, KY. Former smokers were significantly, both statistically and practically, more aware and less tolerant of smokers' negative behaviors than either never-smokers or smokers, while never-smokers were more aware and bothered than were smokers, in all but one instance where all three groups responded similarly.
Racio-Ethnic Differences in Confidence in Science
Authors: Trankina Michele L.
Published: August 2011

17 nationwide surveys taken from 1972 through 1990 showed that Hispanic and African-American minority groups, traditionally underrepresented in science, were less confident about science than Asian and white groups. Confidence in science was positively influenced by education, but this effect was greater for white than for Hispanic or African-American groups. The possible interrelationships between economic factors, role models, and self-esteem in influencing attitudes about science are discussed.
Premenstrual Symptoms: The Role of Irrational Thinking
Authors: Lindner Helen , Kirkby Robert J.
Published: August 2011

104 women, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, were surveyed to investigate the relationship between premenstrual symptomatology, as measured by the Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, and irrational thinking, as measured by the General Attitude and Belief Scale. The women who reported greater premenstrual symptomatology also reported significantly higher scores in the “need for comfort” irrationality subscale. This indicated that these women had particular difficulty dealing with hassles and the resulting feelings of tension and irritability in the premenstruum. It was suggested that the absence of significant effects for other rationality-irrationality subscales could be associated with testing at different times during the menstrual cycle. Irrationality, like other conditions (such as anxiety and depression) prevalent in the premenstruum, could change in intensity across phases of the menstrual cycle.
Willingness to Use Corporal Punishment among School Administrators in South Carolina
Authors: Medway Frederic J. , Smircic Julie M.
Published: August 2011

Administrators of 221 South Carolina public elementary and middle schools were surveyed regarding behaviors appropriate for corporal punishment. Analysis indicated that aggressive acts by students, both mild and severe, were rated appropriate for corporal punishment, and these were not typically seen as appropriate for a psychologist's intervention. Rather, psychologists were seen as useful for character problems such as lying, cheating, and tantrums.
Need for Achievement and Performance on Measures of Behavioral Fluency
Authors: Allen Jeffery , Blanton Paul , Johnson-Greene Douglas , Murphy-Farmer Candice , Gross Alan
Published: August 2011

This investigation was designed to assess the relationship between a validated personality characteristic, need for achievement (nAch), and performance on measures of behavioral fluency. To infer this relationship, 50 neurologically intact college undergraduates were administered a questionnaire assessing nAch and a battery of tests including a short form of the WAIS and measures of behavioral fluency (i.e., verbal fluency). Statistical analysis indicated that subjects high on nAch obtained higher scores than subjects low on nAch on the measures of figural fluency and the WAIS Verbal Scale. No significant difference on verbal fluency was seen between the two groups. Secondly, the group high on nAch also had a higher mean Verbal IQ but not a higher mean Performance IQ as measured by a short form of the WAIS than did subjects scoring low on nAch.
Jewish Inmates: An Atypical Prison Group
Authors: Templer Donald I. , Jackson Penny A.
Published: August 2011

12 Jewish inmates scored significantly higher than 1497 non-Jewish inmates on a measure of intelligence, the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Interview findings indicated that the present Jewish inmates were never very involved in the practice of Judaism and were not strongly integrated into their local Jewish communities.
Inferred and Expressed Self-Image of Pupils Rated by Teachers as High and Low in Anxiety: A Comparison of Self-other Ratings
Authors: Charlton Tony , Leo Elizabeth Law , Coles David , Heneghan Frances
Published: August 2011

The association was examined between 98 third-grade pupils' expressed self-image scores and inferred self-image ratings from teachers. Significant self-other agreements were found with sexes combined. With sexes separated, significant self-other agreements were found for the 52 girls, but not for the 46 boys.
Longitudinal Examination of Teachers' Burnout in a School District
Authors: Nagy Stephen , Nagy M. Christine
Published: August 2011

Teachers in a rural school district were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory three times over a five-year period. Teachers scoring high on emotional exhaustion and low on personal accomplishment were classified as “experiencing burnout.” Across the three waves, the proportion of teachers meeting these criteria for burnout were 7%, 11%, and 11%, respectively. By grade, burnout was noted among 3%, 8%, and 9%, respectively, over time for senior high-school teachers; 7%, 7%, and 11% for junior high-school teachers; and 9%, 17%, and 12% for elementary school teachers. Interventions must consider grade taught and are probably most cost-effective for elementary school. It is important to establish norms across time and across school settings to determine high-risk groups deserving interventions.
Veterinarians and Successful Pet Adoptions
Authors: Kidd Aline H. , Kidd Robert M. , George Carol C.
Published: August 2011

Because Kidd, Kidd, and George in 1992 reported that owners' ignorance of species-specific animal behaviors, unrealistic expectations for the roles pets play in their children's lives, and expense and time required for ownership and caretaking are major reasons why many cats and dogs are adopted from humane societies and then rejected each year, it is important to assess whether better education of prospective adopters increases retention of pets. Since veterinarians in private practice deal with clients more closely, answering questions, discussing training methods, and helping with problems and difficulties before or after they arise, we hypothesized that veterinarians' clients would reject significantly fewer newly adopted pets and have significantly fewer unreasonable expectations for roles pets would play in their children's lives than would humane society adopters. 18 male and 57 female clients completed a demographic questionnaire and George's 1989 Pet Expectations Inventory, which rates the physical and emotional impact of roles pets are expected to play in their lives, and the 5 fathers and 26 mothers also rated the roles expected to affect their children's lives. At six months, follow-up phone calls ascertained whether clients still had the newly adopted pets and if not, why not. Analysis showed that veterinarians' clients rejected significantly fewer pets and had fewer unreasonable expectations for pets' roles in their own and their children's lives than did humane society adopters.
Explaining Fertility in Urban-Dwelling Brazilian Women: Importance of Traditional Sex-Role Attitudes and Religious Orthodoxy
Authors: Paine Patricia , Pasquali Luiz , Wright Maria da Gloria M. , Rosa Simone Corrêa
Published: August 2011

Path analysis was used to study the determinants of fertility in 221 urban-dwelling Brazilian women. Traditional sex-role attitudes and religious orthodoxy directly and positively affected family size. Religious orthodoxy also indirectly influenced fertility via its positive influence on traditional sex-role attitudes. Socioeconomic group affected fertility only by way of association with attitudes and beliefs. Contrary to expectation, participation in the labor force had no effect on the number of children women bore. Analysis within socioeconomic groups showed that determinants of fertility vary for women in different stages of cultural development.
Administrators' Perceptions of School Psychologists' Roles and Satisfaction with School Psychologists
Authors: Thomas Alex , Orf Michele L. , Levinson Edward M. , Pinciotti Dennis
Published: August 2011

Elementary and secondary school administrators ( N = 512) were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the amount of time school psychologists spent in 15 role-functions and satisfaction with the school psychologist. Stepwise multiple-regression procedures were used to examine the extent to which administrators' perceptions of the time spent by school psychologists in various role-functions accounted for administrators' satisfaction with school psychologists. Three role-functions were significant predictors of administrators' satisfaction: percentage of time school psychologists were perceived to be spending (a) consulting with teachers and providing instructional or remedial recommendations (positively related), (b) administering and interpreting psychoeducational tests (positively related), and (c) performing strictly administrative duties (negatively related). Implications for training and role functioning of school psychologists are mentioned.
Reliability of the Marriage Role Expectation Inventory
Authors: Jacobs Keith W. , Marlar Joseph A.
Published: August 2011

The Marriage Role Expectation Inventory was administered to 100 undergraduate students to study reliabilities of total score and subscale scores. The inventory possessed unusually high internal consistency (.95); individual subscales possessed adequate to low reliabilities.
Derivations of the Reliability of Components
Authors: Cliff Norman
Published: August 2011

This paper attempts to resolve the disagreement between Cliff (1988) and Kaiser (e.g., 1991) concerning the reliability of components as estimated by the Kaiser-Guttman rule. It is suggested that the differences result from starting with a definitional formula for reliability in the former as opposed to substituting in a concluding formula in the latter. The length of time during which the formula was not challenged is remarked.
Correlations of Perceived Power Discrepancies with Ratings of Faculty Morale
Authors: Lin Shang-Ping
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the five discrepancies in power—coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert—between faculty and the department head as predictors of faculties' job satisfaction, involvement, and alienation in department heads' influence system. The differences between subjects' ratings of their perceptions of the department heads' use of power and the ratings assigned to their preference for superiors' use of power constituted the operational definition of discrepancy in power. Analysis indicated that alienation was significantly and positively correlated with discrepancies in coercive, reward, and legitimate power; involvement had significant negative correlations with discrepancies in coercive, referent, and expert power; satisfaction had significant negative correlations with discrepancies in coercive and legitimate power. Discrepancy in rated use of coercive power had the most consistent and significant correlation with all three indexes of faculty morale. One might conclude that the measurement of discrepancies in power might predict morale of faculty.
Role of Personality Characteristics in Coping Behaviors
Authors: Nakano Keiko
Published: August 2011

The relations between coping behaviors and personality characteristics (introversion/extroversion) were examined in 176 Japanese female college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that extrovertive individuals more often used not only seeking social support but also avoidance than did introvertive subjects. An implication for further research would be to analyze the interactions between personality influences and situational factors in coping behaviors.
International Comparisons: Selected Mental Health Data
Authors: Pillay Y. G.
Published: August 2011

The data set from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was explored to investigate the relationship of gross domestic product (which provides an indication of the wealth of a country) and the provision of psychiatric services (specifically inpatient psychiatric services) in selected OECD countries. Gross domestic product per capita correlated .84 with expenditure per capita on psychiatric hospitals but r was zero between number of beds per 1000 population and length of stay.
Factor Analysis of the Computer Technology Hassles Scale
Authors: Hudiburg Richard A.
Published: August 2011

Factor analysis of the responses from 470 subjects to Hudiburg's 1989 Computer Technology Hassles Scale allowed for the identification of eight factors, defined as Computer Runtime Problems, Computer Information Problems, Everyday Computer Technology, Computers' Impact on Society, Computer as Person, Computer Processing Speed, Computer Costs, and Computerized Correspondence. The first two factors, Computer Runtime Problems and Computer Information Problems, were well defined in terms of variance accounted for and internal consistency. It was suggested that these two factors be used to form a shortened version of the Computer Technology Hassles Scale.
Grouping of Children's Helping Behaviour
Authors: Kalliopuska Mirja
Published: August 2011

215 school children aged 9 to 12 yr. were grouped according to their helping behaviour. The following variables were measured: helping, empathy, altruism, morality, attribution of responsibility, cognitive readiness to help, willingness to help, social desirability, and abstract thinking. In a factor analysis age and sex were included. Five factors were extracted and interpreted: empathetic helping, socially desirable helping, cognitive helping, intentionality, and rational helping According to grouping analysis these five factors were weighted differently, and three groups were identified, (1) real helpers with high empathy, altruism, morality, and cognitive readiness to help, (2) normative helpers, motivated by social desirability or cognitive factors with poor empathy level, and (3) cognitively premature, rational helpers with poor empathy and with weak social desirability.
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory as an Index of Response Tendencies to Scales in Likert Format
Authors: Gilgen Albert R. , Barnholtz Angela
Published: August 2011

7 women, classified as Masculine on the basis of their scores on the Bern Sex-role Inventory, tended to use the extreme values of agree strongly and disagree strongly on the Likert format associated with the East-West Questionnaire more frequently than did women classified as Feminine, Androgynous, or Undifferentiated ( ns = 39, 31, and 21, respectively). The Undifferentiated women were inclined to use the moderate response alternatives. The 73 men used the no opinion response option significantly more than did the 98 women. These findings suggest that strength of beliefs as measured on scales in Likert format may be an index of sex-role preference.
Suicide, Homicide and Unemployment: A Methodological Note
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In multiple regression analyses, the monthly time-series suicide and homicide rates for the USA from 1957–1986 were associated with unemployment and marriage rates. In contrast, annual time-series suicide and homicide rates were not as strongly associated with the social variables.
Superiority of the Keyword Method for Backward Recall in Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Hogben Donald , Lawson Michael J.
Published: August 2011

Differences in patterns of recall by one subject for forward and backward recall tasks are noted in use of the keyword method for vocabulary acquisition.
Refining a Non-Kohlbergian Decision-Making Approach to the Production of Justifications for Moral Judgements
Authors: Langford Peter E.
Published: August 2011

This paper reports two studies primarily designed to refine understanding of the influence of interview topic on the proportions of major types of justifications for moral judgements encountered during moral judgement interviews. It was assumed that subjects will tend to report the use of information that supports their decisions when a definite decision is made and will report all kinds of relevant information when they are uncertain what to decide. It was suggested that for situations to which a well-known moral rule applies, when the rule is upheld, the rule will influence such proportions as different rules are valued for different reasons. When such a rule is rejected, the nature of the reason suggested for rejecting the rule will influence such proportions. When subjects are uncertain whether to support or reject a rule, such proportions will be influenced by both the rule and the reason suggesting rejection. These predictions were broadly verified, which was interpreted as supporting the suggested analysis of the influence of these aspects of the interview topic on proportions of major types of justification.
Sex Differences in Depression of Iranian Adolescents
Authors: Makaremi Azar
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences on a depression scale for Iranian adolescents. High school students (100 girls and 100 boys), selected randomly from four high schools in Shiraz, completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Analysis showed no significant differences on the five subscales of Zung's depression scale for boys and for girls. Also, there were no sex differences on the total score for depression. However, comparisons with Byrne's groups of British boys and girls indicated differences for Iranian boys and girls on 2 individual items reached significance, whereas for the British groups differences were significant for 11 of the 20 items.
Critique of Thomas, et al.: Administrators' Perceptions of School Psychologists' Roles and Satisfaction with the Performance of These Roles
Authors: Fein Leah Gold
Published: August 2011

Fein lists 9 challenging problem-situations for school psychologists for which a case-study approach is believed to yield more meaningful information than the statistical assessment of administrators' perceived roles of school psychologists such as conducted and reported by Thomas, et al.
A Measure of Positive Health-Related Quality of Life: The Satisfaction with Illness Scale
Authors: Hyland Michael E. , Kenyon C. A. Paul
Published: August 2011

The Satisfaction with Illness Scale measures the extent to which chronic or acute physical illness has had positive consequences for patients In a sample of 52 persons with chronic bronchitis, the scale was shown to have good internal consistency and to correlate .42 with another scale of positive life satisfaction.
State Regulations for Suicide Prevention in Jails and the Jail Suicide Rate
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The jail suicide rates for 1985–1986 were not related to the existence of state standards for jail suicide prevention which had been established in 13 of 35 states responding to a 1989 survey, but were related to the states' jail population.
Relationship between Optimism and Coping Strategies in the Work Environment
Authors: Strutton David , Lumpkin James
Published: August 2011

The work environment is often stressful; however, the specific coping strategies used by individuals to deal with such stress have received limited attention. While the benefits associated with optimism have long been touted, little insight has been developed regarding the mechanism(s) that may contribute to optimists' superior job performance. It is possible that optimism is associated with higher performance because it influences the coping strategies used by salespeople. This possibility was addressed in a cross-sectional study of 101 salespeople. Dispositionally optimistic salespersons were observed to rely more on problem-focused coping strategies, while pessimists engaged in emotion-focused coping. But the specific coping tactics that emerged and the extent to which these tactics were used differed substantially from those which research conducted in other, nonsales settings would have predicted.
Psychometric Properties of Modified Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck Inventories
Authors: Amelang Manfred , Schmidt-Rathjens Claudia
Published: August 2011

A sample of 204 subjects of both genders aged 17 to 72 years (one-third students, two-thirds in various occupations) were presented a pool of 291 items. Among these items, those 277 published by Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek (1990) were of central interest. The scales, produced from the items to measure 6 different constructs, were internally highly consistent and differentiated among groups of various ages and by gender. Two scales are of particular significance, one because the construct underlying the scale is intended to show a disposition for cancer, the other one a disposition for coronary heart disease. Together the scales constitute the one pole of a single bipolar dimension, the other pole of which was defined by a scale measuring health and autonomy. Moreover, groups of persons suffering from either disease differed in their mean scores from those of healthy persons but could not be discriminated from one another by their scores on the scales. The implications of these results for the prediction of either of the two diseases are discussed.
Construct Validity of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale among Late Adolescents: Another Look
Authors: Ellis Michael V. , Blustein David L.
Published: August 2011

In response to Stead and Watson (1992), we reassessed the construct validity of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale using an age-constrained sample from our aggregate data base. A confirmatory factor analysis yielded findings comparable to Stead and Watson's results, thereby suggesting that their findings were likely due to using a homogeneous sample with truncated scores. Given the theoretical importance of measuring the full range of the two commitment to career choices continua, it seems premature to delete items from the scales for research with South African university students. Alternatively, we encourage the use of norms to interpret scores from the scales.
Contributions to Psychohistory: XX. Ethnocentricity in the Recent History-Of-Psychology Literature
Authors: Coleman S. R. , Cola Philip , Webster Sandra
Published: August 2011

Literature in the history of psychology that had been published from 1975 through 1986 was identified in Psychological Abstracts (1975–1988). From each of the 1478 publications information was obtained on the historical setting of the narrative and the geographical location of the (first) author. Austria, Germany, and the United States were the most often chosen settings, and these three accounted for 43% of the settings chosen. Scholars in Mexico, Japan, and the USSR were the most likely to choose their own country as the historical setting (i.e., “ethnocentric”), and those in Canada were the least ethnocentric.
Stress Profiles for Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism
Authors: Moes Douglas , Koegel Robert L. , Schreibman Laura , Loos Lauren M.
Published: August 2011

Stress profiles in 18 mothers vs 12 fathers of children with autism were compared on three measures, the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, the Coping Health Inventory for Parents, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Mothers showed significantly more stress than fathers on each inventory, with a pattern suggesting stress may be related to the differing responsibility assigned to child rearing for each parent.
Religiosity, Suicide and Homicide: A Cross-National Examination
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Belief in life after death and in God as measured by opinion polls in 13 nations were negatively associated with suicide rates and positively associated with homicide rates.
Occupational Risk in Retirement Ages Recommended for Sixty Occupations
Authors: Avolio Bruce J. , Panek Paul E. , Harcar Veronica
Published: August 2011

Variation in retirement age ranges recommended by participants in Sample 1 for 60 different occupations was examined, while considering the risk associated with poor performance in each occupation. Age of retirement (measured as a range) recommended by undergraduate raters varied extensively across 60 occupations. Estimated risk associated with faulty or poor performance obtained from a second sample of raters for each occupation was then correlated with the ranges of retirement age recommended by raters in Sample 1. There was a significant negative relationship between the perceived risk associated with poor performance in an occupation and the range of retirement age recommended for that occupation.
An Anticipated Landmark Decision Involving Issues Related to Psychological Assessment of Applicants for Positions in Business and Industry
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

An anticipated ruling by the California Supreme Court in 1993 in an appeal of an injunction issued by a State Appellate Court in October, 1991 is likely to produce a serious impact on the use of psychological assessment procedures. Possible ramifications of the ruling are discussed.
Antibody Response and Some Behaviors as Differential Traits between Two Inbred Strains of Mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c)
Authors: Vidal José , Fusté Adela
Published: August 2011

The goals of this research were to find out if the antibody response and some behaviors are differential traits for murine strains C57BL/6 and BALB/c and to study the influence of strain and isolation on both behavior and the antibody response. 21 C57BL/6 male mice and 28 BALB/c male mice were used; of those, 11 C57BL/6 and 16 BALB/c were kept isolated, and the remaining mice were housed 2 per cage. The tests were Open-fields 1, 2, and 3 (of varying light and sound stimulation), holeboard, light-darkness test, immunization with rat erythrocytes; in addition, the mice were weighed. The traits that best differentiated both strains (according to discriminant analysis) were weight, IgM primary response, and emotional behavior (ambulation, rearing, and defecation in stimulating open-fields). Social isolation (of adult mice) influenced emotional behavior, but not the antibody response.
Behavior Problems in Preschool Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cuccaro Michael L. , Holmes George R. , Wright Harry H.
Published: August 2011

Behavior problems in 20 preschool children (13 boys, 7 girls) referred to a diagnostic nursery were assessed using parents' ratings. The patterns of behavior problems reported in 4- and 5-yr.-olds parallel those noted for older clinic-referred children (i.e., internalizing difficulties in girls, externalizing difficulties in boys). The most salient behavior problems for 3-yr.-olds involved aggression. Correlations between children's behavior problems and an index of parents' experienced stress were moderate (.44 to .64).
Employment History and Psychological Well-Being in the Young Unemployed
Authors: Winefield Anthony H.
Published: August 2011

Data are reported from a study of 78 young people in which those currently unemployed were compared with those in satisfactory employment and full-time tertiary students on various measures of psychological well-being. Although as a group the unemployed were significantly worse off, this did not apply to the 22 who described themselves as having been “mostly employed” in the past. In research on the unemployed one should take into account not only the current situation, but also the employment history.
Control Beliefs of Adults in Three Domains: A New Assessment of Perceived Control
Authors: Nelson E. Anne
Published: August 2011

Preliminary analyses ( N = 205; age range 30 to 80 years) were performed with a new measure of perceived control to assess control beliefs in specific domains, examine cross-sectionally groups' age differences in perceived control and compare control beliefs for the various domains within age groups. This measure was hypothesized to yield greater conceptual clarity of the assessment of perceived control than other instruments by measuring specifically beliefs about control over desired outcomes without confounding these with beliefs about what it takes to get desired outcomes. Factor analyses clearly supported separation of control in the cognitive, social, and health domains. Intercorrelations indicated generally low relations among the three factors, and internal consistencies indicated satisfactory reliability. Participants in their 70s showed in the cognitive domain significantly lower perceptions of control than individuals in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, in the health domain significantly lower perceptions of control than individuals in their 60s, and in the social domain significantly lower perceptions of control than individuals in their 40s and 50s. Generally, for all three domains a stability in control beliefs appeared across the age groups studied until the 70s, at which age there was a significant drop in mean control beliefs. Mean differences in control beliefs among domains within age groups were nonsignificant.
Influence of Job Security and Compensation Policies on Rated Perceptions of Future Job Applicants
Authors: Wagar Terry H.
Published: August 2011

The influence of job security and compensation policies, expressed in written scenarios, on future job applicants' (103 college students) ratings was examined. Favorable attitudes toward the company and intention to consider employment with the organization were rated significantly higher when the firm adopted a policy assuring reasonable commitment to job security.
Development and Construct Validity of a Self-Description Inventory for African Adolescents
Authors: Mboya Mzobanzi M.
Published: August 2011

The present study presents evidence for the reliability and validity of a new measure of self-concept for African adolescents. Procedures for giving the 50-item scale are described. The Self-description Inventory was administered to 634 students in Standards 8 and 9 of two coeducational high schools. Factor analysis clearly identified the eight subscales. The multidimensionality of self-concept among African adolescents is indicated and supports the construct validity. Implications for continued study are mentioned.
Psychophysiological Effects of Several Stress Management Techniques
Authors: Forbes Elizabeth J. , Pekala Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychophysiological stress-reducing properties of progressive relaxation compared with hypnosis, and deep abdominal breathing compared with a baseline condition, while controlling for hypnotizability. 231 nursing students experienced the baseline procedure and progressive relaxation in Session 1 and deep abdominal breathing and hypnosis in Session 2 about a week later. Before and after each technique peripheral skin temperature and pulse rate were assessed. Separate analyses of variance, computed for the first and second sets of techniques, indicated that progressive relaxation and hypnosis both increased skin temperature and reduced pulse rate, suggesting reduced psychophysiological responsivity. Deep abdominal breathing was associated with a significant reduction in physiological responsivity (skin temperature) relative to baseline. Hypnotic susceptibility had no effect on the psychophysiological measures.
A Cross-National Comparison of Students' Misconceptions about Psychology
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E. , Furnham Adrian , Davis George
Published: August 2011

Two groups of college students were administered the McCutcheon Test of Misconceptions, Version 6, a 65-item, multiple-choice test designed to measure common misconceptions about psychology. One group of 111 students were from a British university and the second of 68 American college students; all had earned GPAs of 2.9 or higher. Both groups were given the test near the beginning of the first term. The over-all difference between British and American students was significant. British students performed significantly better on nine items and American students performed significantly better on one item. Plausible reasons for these differences were discussed
Extreme Hypothermia Induced by a Synergism of Acute Limbic Seizures, Physical Restraint, and Acepromazine: Implications for Survival following Brain Injury
Authors: Bureau Y. R. J. , Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Core temperature was measured in rats 24 hr. after they had been assigned to one of 8 groups in a 3-way analysis of variance design that involved (1) induction of limbic seizures by a systemic injection of lithium/pilocarpine, (2) physical restraint, and (3) administration of acepromazine. An extraordinarily powerful interaction was noted among seizures, physical restraint, and acepromazine-produced hypothermia (24° C) compared to the other 7 treatments (> 35° C). The putative poikilothermic response is commensurate with the loss of mammalian behaviors that follow these seizures. Implications for survival during the acute stages of brain injury are suggested.
Case Study of a Schizophrenic Patient during Social Skills Training in a Forensic Psychiatry Ward
Authors: Marshall Jerome , Brand Handré J. , Hanekom Jurgens M.
Published: August 2011

A schizophrenic patient's behaviour was monitored over 12 weeks using the Assessment Schedule and Adult Training Instrument, the patient's self-reports of his symptoms of anxiety, scores on the Social Behaviour Schedule, and the frequency of nocturnal enuresis. Contrary to expectations, the patient's functioning deteriorated generally, with the exception that the trend of deteriorating behaviour, as assessed by hospital staff, appeared to have slowed down during a period involving activities out of the ward.
Contributions to the History of Psychology. XCIV. The Boys of Summer at the End of Summer: The Watson-Lashley Correspondence of the 1950s
Authors: Dewsbury Donald A.
Published: August 2011

I summarize a previously unknown body of correspondence between John B. Watson and Karl S. Lashley near the ends of their lives in the 1950s. Among the issues discussed were psychology, sex, marriage, their health, and pride. These letters help to provide depth and perspective on these important psychologists and their times.
A Preliminary List to Identify Attitudes toward Different Conditions for Discussing Possible Termination or Refusal of Medical Treatment except for Pain Relief
Authors: Westman Alida S. , Lewandowski Lisa M. , Procter Susan J.
Published: August 2011

Effective communication about decisions concerning termination or refusal of medical treatment except for pain relief necessitates clarifying the attitudes of those in the decision-making process. Effective communication increases the likelihood that a patient's advance directives are implemented and decreases the likelihood of litigation. Psychotherapists, counselors, chaplains, etc. can be facilitators of effective communication. This study generated a list for use in discussion by asking persons who cared for individuals with terminal illnesses, critical injuries or elderly people what conditions seemed appropriate for termination or refusal of medical treatment except for pain relief. The 182 out of 204 individuals who contributed conditions showed clear agreement on terminal illnesses, brain disorders, dependence on machines for life, and other irreversible deterioration or severe loss of quality of life, lack of suitable treatment, patient's wish, and concern about the effect of the patient's condition on others. Some specified further qualifications, such as at what point during a terminal illness termination or refusal was appropriate. The list with notes could be appended to a Living Will or a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. The notes should be updated periodically. Through use and research, the list also can be refined further.
Evaluation Methodology and the Formulation of Public Policy
Authors: Horton Arthur MacNeill
Published: August 2011

This paper makes two suggestions for the improvement of public policy evaluations, to incorporate into all public policy evaluations a multitrait-multimethod analysis and self-report and behavioral measures. Specific advantages of these suggestions are discussed.
Contributions to Psychohistory: XXII. Quantification of Santayana's Cultural Schism Theory
Authors: Krus David J. , Webb James M.
Published: August 2011

The January 12th, 1991 U.S. Congress vote giving President Bush powers to initiate military operations against Iraq was analyzed with respect to personal and religious backgrounds of the voting Senators and Representatives. Aside from party affiliation, the outcome of the vote was significantly associated with religious affiliations of the members of Congress. These empirical findings are interpreted within the theoretical context of Santayana's hypothesis that the Catholic-Protestant schism is one of the determinants of the niveau of our society.
Teleology and Paranoia: The Search for Meaning
Authors: Goldwert Marvin
Published: August 2011

This paper describes how a paranoid patient, having feelings of guilt and fear and a messianic grandiosity, may construct a teleology based on cosmic bisexuality, by which meaning may be given to his suffering.
Utility of Computer Interpretive Reports Based on Counselors' Ratings of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms
Authors: Siddall James W. , Keogh Nancy J.
Published: August 2011

The accuracy and clinical utility of computerized interpretive reports for the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms were explored for 540 clients of a drug treatment center. The modal profile for substance abusers was identified and the accuracy of the substance abuse scales was assessed. 9 chemical dependency counselors rated the computer reports for usefulness and compared these retrospectively with similar reports based on the MMPI and Millon's MCMI. The results suggested the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and Symptoms accurately identifies substance abusers, provides useful information for treatment, and offers a cost-effective alternative to the MMPI and MCMI.
Legal Abortions and Neonatal Homicide after Roe v Wade
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Although the murder rate of newborns decreased after Roe v Wade, for the next 15 years (1973–1987), the volume of legal abortions in the USA was not correlated with the neonatal homicide rate.
Evaluation of a Brief Measure of Depressive Mood for Use in a University Counseling Center
Authors: Lubin Bernard , Van Whitlock Rodney , Schemmel Dennis R. , Swearngin Sheila E.
Published: August 2011

To study the reliability of Set 1 (A, B, C, D) and Set 2 (E, F, G) of the state and trait forms of the Depression Adjective Check Lists in university counseling centers, four independent studies were conducted. Reliability (internal consistency, split-half, and alternate form) and validity (convergent and discriminant) for both sets and both forms were sufficiently high to warrant use for research and clinical purposes. Additional research needs were mentioned.
Job Stress and Satisfaction: International Police Officers
Authors: Kirkcaldy Bruce
Published: August 2011

Scores of 30 police officers on the Occupational Stress Indicator differed from British norms on organisational structure and climate, home and work interface, and relations with others. Officers showed internal control and individual influence. Through managed time and home support, officers coped with stress. Scale scores were intercorrelated.
Individual Tolerance and Group Tolerance as Personality Characteristics
Authors: Howarth Edgar
Published: August 2011

Two new factors of personality are described, Group Tolerance and Individual Tolerance, which are relatively independent (i.e., uncorrelated). The latter relates negatively to intelligence, so that those of higher intelligence possess less, or lower, individual tolerance, although it is quite possible for a person of higher intelligence to be group tolerant. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Pornography as a Source of Sex Information for University Students: Some Consistent Findings
Authors: Trostle Lawrence C.
Published: August 2011

This study is an empirical investigation of how 184 college students have obtained their knowledge of sexual matters and whether pornography functioned as an important educational source. Findings are contrasted with those of three other empirical studies. Present findings, much like the others, appear to indicate that pornography does not play an important role in the dissemination of sexual information; peers appear to be the primary source of information. However, there are certain statistically significant differences between the sexes when reporting the extent of sexual information gleaned from pornography.
Denigration of a Victim in Group Psychotherapy by Violent Vs Seductive Sex Offenders
Authors: Eisenman Russell
Published: August 2011

Two psychotherapy groups were set up in a prison treatment program, one for violent sex offenders, the other for sex offenders who were less violent and primarily used seduction to obtain sex. Most of the patients were child molesters. Observations showed that over the course of 10 group psychotherapy sessions, 8 out of 10 violent offenders said denigrating things about their victims vs 2 out of 10 seductive offenders. The significant comparison if supported by cross-validation suggests the value of the distinction of violence vs seduction for sex offenders.
Modeling Society as a Zero-Sum Game: An Empirical Demonstration
Authors: Webb James M. , Krus David J.
Published: August 2011

An analysis of the military and educational expenditures of 2 sets of 10 countries from G. T. Kurian was conducted to assess the validity of modeling societies as zero-sum games. Analysis indicated a tendency for the economic systems of many societies to allocate national resources in favor of one interest at the expense of another.
Development of a Short-Form Conservatism Scale Suitable for Mail Surveys
Authors: Collins David M. , Hayes Peter F.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of data from 255 U.S. pharmacists provides support for the consistency and validity of this short-form conservatism scale. The scale returned a coefficient alpha of 0.82, and principal components analysis yielded a strong general conservatism factor. Varimax rotation produced five factors consistent with the factor structure of the original Conservatism Scale.
Task, Domain, and General Efficacy: A Reexamination of the Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Woodruff Steven L. , Cashman James F.
Published: August 2011

Self-efficacy is typically viewed as task-specific. Bandura also discussed the concept at a “domain-linked” level and general level. Sherer and his colleagues developed the Self-efficacy Scale to measure general self-efficacy expectancies in education/vocation and social areas. A reexamination of the Self-efficacy Scale indicated that the scale was more intricate than originally reported. It captured aspects of strength, magnitude, and generality of efficacy. The scale showed appropriate relationships to other personality measures. Criterion validity was established as the scale differentiated performance expectations. Evidence for the concept of domain efficacy was reported. The Self-efficacy Scale was a good measure for domain efficacy in the academic area; the scale has not yet been verified as a general efficacy scale. Research should be directed toward exploring the role of the total concept of efficacy in the cognitive process.
A Videotape as Introduction for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Depressed Inpatients
Authors: Schotte Chris , Maes Michael , Beuten Tom , Vandenbossche Bart , Cosyns Paul , Van Coppenolle Frank
Published: August 2011

This paper reports on the development of a videotape “Depression… the answers” for use in cognitive behavioral therapy with depressed inpatients. 17 patients evaluated the videotape. The described psychoeducational videoprogram was constructed as an introduction for, an opening to, and as a facilitation and clarification of the psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments.