bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La salud mental como objeto común a las prácticas en psicología
Authors: Gómez Vargas Maricelly , Lima Mônica
Published: September 2024

Defendemos la tesis que la salud mental es un objeto común a las prácticas en psicología, para ello propusimos en una pesquisa de doctorado analizar las prácticas discursivas sobre salud mental de profesoras/es de psicología en dos universidades de Medellín, Colombia. El debate se actualiza porque en este país el Ministerio de Educación exige a los programas de psicología un modelo médico de supervisión para las prácticas clínicas, centrado en la enfermedad y en el individuo. Con base en la perspectiva construccionista de las prácticas discursivas y producción de sentidos, produjimos informaciones mediante un taller con 12 supervisoras/es de prácticas de diferentes ámbitos aplicados. El material lo estudiamos con mapas y análisis de palabras. Una lectura construccionista de las definiciones positivas y negativas de salud mental y del discurso individualista y de lo social justificó la propuesta de una ampliación dialógica de los discursos de salud mental. La dialogía bajtiniana fomenta la multiplicidad de voces y el respeto por la alteridad. Llevar esto al ámbito de la formación tendrá injerencia en las prácticas psicológicas que trasciendan la intervención clínica en consultorio y amplíen el reconocimiento social y salarial de esta ciencia y profesión en Colombia.
Maltrato institucional y riesgo de maltrato contra personas adultas mayores: reporte de cuidadores y administrativos de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Pabón Poches Daysy Katherine , Silva Fernández Claudia Susana
Published: September 2024

El maltrato contra las personas adultas mayores puede darse en diversos contextos. Uno de los entornos con alto riesgo de maltrato son las instituciones que prestan servicios geriátricos, los cuidadores directos y los administrativos son quienes suelen ejercer los malos tratos en estos contextos. Es por lo anterior que se propone esta investigación cuantitativa de alcance correlacional, en la que se implementa un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia para obtener una muestra de 96 personas, de 23 centros de bienestar de Santander. Se utilizó una encuesta ad hoc de 33 preguntas dirigida a cuidadores y administrativos de las instituciones geriátricas. La finalidad del estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre el reporte de maltrato contra el adulto mayor y el riesgo de maltrato geriátrico asociado al cuidador formal. La muestra evaluada evidencia una baja prevalencia de maltrato y un bajo riesgo de maltrato, mientras que los reportes de negligencia y maltrato psicológico fueron los más elevados. Se identificó que la presencia del maltrato se asocia con factores de riesgo, como percibir una pérdida de interés por la labor y desagrado por trabajar con la población mayor. Adicionalmente, en los cuidadores formales, el maltrato se relaciona con el pensamiento de que tienen demasiadas responsabilidades, y en los administrativos se relaciona con la creencia de que no ofrecen cuidados óptimos. Entender los factores de riesgo de maltrato asociados a los cuidadores ‒como la presencia de estereotipos, inadecuado ambiente laboral y percepción de carga laboral‒ son vitales para el diseño de estrategias que permitan prevenir esta forma de maltrato.
Evaluación de riesgo de asalto doméstico de ontario (ODARA) y el proyecto de defensa comunitaria (CAP) en la predicción y prevención de riesgo de violencia de pareja íntima: una revisión rápida
Authors: Benítez Baracaldo Cristian Ricardo
Published: September 2024

La violencia de pareja íntima es una problemática que afecta el desarrollo de la que es considerada el seno de la formación del individuo, esto es, la familia. Es por ello que la presente revisión rápida se centra en buscar estudios empíricos que prueben la validez y confiabilidad de una herramienta de predicción del riesgo de violencia íntima, como la Evaluación de Riesgo de asalto Doméstico de Ontario (ODARA), así como en buscar evidencia empírica de efectividad de un programa que brinde a las víctimas de violencia íntima herramientas para la prevención de ese tipo de violencia, como el Programa de Apoyo Comunitario (CAP). De los 221 documentos encontrados, 14 fueron incluidos en la presente revisión. En los estudios se pudo establecer que el ODARA es una herramienta actuarial ‒que cuenta con evidencia empírica en países como Canadá, Suiza, Australia, Estados Unidos, Holanda y Reino Unido‒, que va desde AUC=0,643 hasta AUC=0.744. El CAP cuenta con resultados estadísticamente significativos en la adquisición de recursos por parte de las víctimas de violencia íntima en áreas como satisfacción con el apoyo social, efectividad en la obtención de recursos, acceso a recursos comunitarios y calidad de vida. Tanto el ODARA como el CAP cuentan con evidencia empírica que permite establecerlos como adecuados para la predicción y prevención de reincidencia de la violencia de pareja íntima.
Investigación en posgrados: ¿Un área de acción sustantiva por mejorar en la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica?
Authors: Montero-Corrales Carlos Alberto , Granados-Quesada Mónica , Castro-García Damaris
Published: September 2024

Objective. The aim of this paper is to describe the distinguishing features of the postgraduate programs at Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. This is done by characterizing the main research actions aimed at promoting academic research in science, technology, art, culture, and education in these programs. All these programs correspond to the Postgraduate Studies System at UNA (SEPUNA in Spanish). Method. This quantitative cross-sectional study examines information from a population of 1,400 students and 597 professors who participated in these programs between 2018 and 2020. The survey was used as a research technique; applying two questionnaires, one aimed at the student population with 698 responses and another at the teaching staff, with 194 responses in total. Results. The results show that the research conducted in the postgraduate programs requires the formulation and strengthening of research lines and research groups; both students and faculty are marginally dedicated to postgraduate studies, with a focus on teaching; professors participate significantly in the supervision of Final Graduation Projects; and it is identified by students and faculty that library services are the greatest stimulus that the college carries out in its postgraduate programs, but that the sense of self-efficacy of the student body needs to be strengthened within the postgraduate programs studied. Conclusions. The SEP and the Vice-Rectorate for Research must take action to create a scenario with more incentives and more time for research as a basis for the implementation of research lines and groups of postgraduate programs.
Questões familiares na correspondência entre as cortes de Madrid e Lisboa (1784-1788): temas e problemas
Authors: Drumond Braga Isabel
Published: September 2024

O presente texto parte da análise da correspondência familiar e diplomática trocada entre as cortes de Espanha e Portugal, durante o curto período em que se negociou, concretizou e durou o casamento dos infantes D. Gabriel de Bourbon e D. Mariana Vitória de Bragança. As abundantes cartas permitem conhecer o quotidiano palaciano durante o final do reinado de Carlos III, com destaque para casamentos, gravidezes, nascimentos, divertimentos e mortes vividas na família real. Abundam conselhos, comentários, perguntas, sugestões e muitas emoções, especialmente na correspondência familiar.
This paper studies the family and diplomatic correspondence exchanged between Spain and Portugal, during the short period of the marriage of the infant D. Gabriel de Bourbon and the infant D. Mariana Vitória de Braganza. The abundant letters exchanged between the two courts allow us to know the palace life during the end of the reign of Charles III, with an emphasis on marriages, pregnancies, births, entertainments and deaths. Advices, comments, questions, suggestions and many emotions are present, especially in family correspondence.
No sin mi corte. Oficios, cargos y estatus de los miembros de la comitiva real de Carlos IV y María Luisa de Parma en su viaje a Barcelona en 1802
Authors: García Laura
Published: September 2024

Uno de los aspectos más llamativos de cualquier viaje de monarcas, especialmente en época moderna, es la composición de la comitiva real. El considerable número de sus integrantes y la variedad de oficios, cargos y estatus de los mismos convierten el desplazamiento en tema digno de estudio, dado que conlleva una notable organización y un sinfín de conocimientos. El aposentador real debía de tener en cuenta las leyes al respecto y, en el caso de Cataluña, sus constituciones y privilegios. La visita a Barcelona de Carlos IV y María Luisa de Parma en otoño de 1802 es un excelente ejemplo de ello, dado que confluyen historia, protocolo, organización, planificación, búsqueda de alojamiento según la condición social y un largo etcétera de unos acompañantes que no tan solo proporcionaron una vistosa entrada a la ciudad, sino que permiten individualizar una serie de oficios quizás inadvertidos pero básicos para el buen funcionamiento de la corte.
Pediatric Collections: Neurology Cases
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: September 2024

This compilation of twenty neurology-related cases includes presenting clinical manifestations and a discussion of the broad range of possible diagnoses, with a reveal of the actual diagnosis at the end. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pediatric-Collections-Neurology-Cases-Paperback
A prevenção do suicídio na prática
Authors: Costa Júnior Pedro Fragoso
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, foi analisada a constituição do cuidado no trabalho de voluntários em uma instituição que visa prevenir o suicídio a distância. Utilizou-se a praxiografia (etnografia de práticas) inspirada por Annemarie Mol. Os resultados alcançados apontaram para um tipo de abordagem na qual a relação entre cuidadores e usuários se produz mediante atuações colaborativas entre eles e artefatos implicados. A produção do cuidado repercute dessa interinfluência, visando lidar com variáveis que reivindicam atuações políticas no decorrer do processo. Observou-se que o cuidado empreendido não resulta de mera instrumentalidade, mas de dinâmicas engenhosas para consolidá-lo.
Vendendo emoções no cuidado profissional
Authors: Canha Sara
Published: September 2024

A partir de uma análise dos discursos e representações visuais de 71 sites de empresas de apoio domiciliário no distrito de Lisboa, o presente artigo explora como estas entidades navegam os regimes discursivos dominantes no imaginário sociocultural português das relações entre cuidado e trabalho, profissionalismo e afeto. Ao abordar a dimensão das necessidades emocionais e das relações afetivas no cuidado, várias empresas quebram fronteiras nas construções discursivas idealizadas que colocam emoções e mercados como polos intocáveis. Os discursos encontrados variam entre os que associam os aspetos do trabalho emocional à vocação, ao familiar, ao feminino, e os que procuram colocar os aspetos do trabalho emocional como competências adaptáveis à medida de cada cliente. Dentro de uma grande variedade de abordagens, é possível observar como aspetos do trabalho emocional que têm historicamente desvalorizado o cuidado são agora mobilizados para vender o cuidado como mercadoria.
Movilidad durante la espera. Sobrevivencia, decisiones y emociones de personas migrantes en ciudades fronterizas de México
Authors: Fernández Casanueva Carmen , Lizárraga Ramos Alma Rosa
Published: September 2024

El artículo analiza los momentos de espera durante la movilidad de personas que intentan migrar hacia Estados Unidos de América. Específicamente, se enfoca en el momento en que las personas deben hacer una parada en su trayecto y esperar en cuatro ciudades mexicanas: Tapachula, Chiapas y Tenosique, Tabasco, en la frontera sur; y Tijuana y Mexicali, Baja California, en su frontera norte. Con base en investigación cualitativa, y a partir del uso tanto de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante en diferentes periodos de trabajo de campo como de literatura sobre movilidad y espera, mostramos cómo las personas migrantes viven, maniobran y significan los periodos de espera durante la estancia en estas ciudades. Nos interesa resaltar cómo estos periodos de espera –cuya intención es bloquear la movilidad hacia Estados Unidos mediante un conjunto de estrategias empleadas por el Estado– están cargados de movimiento, dado que las personas necesitan tomar decisiones y sobrevivir mientras esperan. Por lo tanto, lejos de inducir parálisis y desistimiento, los momentos de espera moldean trayectorias de movilidad a través de decisiones, nuevos conocimientos y estrategias, permitiendo la sobrevivencia en estas “ciudades de espera provisional”.
Formação e inserção no mercado de trabalho a partir da compreensão dos egressos dos cursos técnicos de nível médio em Minas Gerais
Authors: Rafael Antunes João Batista , Maria Tonini Adriana , Boaventura Erick Fonseca
Published: September 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a formação e a inserção profissional no mercado de trabalho dos egres-sos de cursos técnicos de nível médio no Estado de Minas Gerais. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico, semi-estruturado, com 20 egres-sos, de 5 cidades distintas. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas, semi-estruturadas, por vide-ochamada, com 8 egressos, de 3 cidades distintas. Am-bos, egressos, desta pesquisa são concluintes de cursos presenciais da EPTNM do estado de Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo é de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter explorató-rio, a partir das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de dados estatísticos. Para o tratamento e a interpretação dos dados obtidos, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo. A problemática levantada na pesquisa foi: um ensino técnico – atrelado aos dados estatísticos do INEP e em conjunto com pesquisas qualitativas que analisam a formação e a inserção no mercado de trabalho dos egressos técnicos de nível médio – pode contribuir de que forma para a me-lhoria da formação técnica e do acesso dos jovens ao mercado de trabalho? Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa revelam o que o ensino técnico, atrelados a po-líticas públicas que promovam a equidade, a uma forma-ção integral emancipatória, possa de fato, possibilitar uma maior inserção ao mercado de trabalho dos futuros egres-sos de nível técnico. No entanto, ressalta, que a limitações a ser superada, uma delas é que os estudantes técnicos de nível médio, no seu processo de formação possam su-perar essa dicotomia, não apenas associando a formação técnica ao emprego imediato, mas, buscando nas condi-ções existentes a oportunidade de trabalho digno, que muitas vezes, exige um grau mais elevado de escolari-dade.
Relacje rosyjsko-tureckie w kontekście wojny na Ukrainie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Gardocki Sylwester
Published: September 2024

The outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine has put Turkey in a difficult situation. The Turkish government, which adopted a strategy of ambiguity towards this conflict, tried to maintain good economic relations with Russia while providing military support to Ukraine. Turkey’s policy towards the Russia-Ukraine war refers to the broader context of international rivalry that involves the United States and China. In this situation, Turkey must take into account all circumstances of international competition. The scientific hypothesis refers to the measurable benefits that Turkey derives from applying such a strategy towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
The idea of smart city in the perspective of the development of the capitals of the Visegrad Group countries
Authors:   Koszalin University of Technology (Poland), Górka Marek
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of Smart Cities by the authorities of the V4 capitals. This research examines the smart city concept in the context of the development strategies of the V4 capitals. The study utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the potential of each city and conducts a comparative analysis of strategic documents related to the smart city concept. The article initiates by examining the changing dynamics of public space management in light of the increasing significance of cybertechnology. The subsequent section highlights the key points outlined in the Agenda 2030 document. This is followed by an effort to conceptualize the smart city concept and an explanation for investigating the development of the V4 capitals. The subsequent portion of the article delves into the perception of economic and social development, drawing from the security and cybersecurity strategies of each V4 country. The cases of each country are then analyzed based on selected factors that define their technological potential. The analysis aims to identify the predominant aspects pertaining to the utilization of ICT within the Smart City concept in the V4 capitals. The comparative analysis will reveal commonalities, disparities, strengths, and areas that require further development in each capital. The insights derived from this research prove vital for effective urban management. They facilitate an enhanced understanding of the interconnectedness between various economic and social resources and allow for the systematization of assumptions, visions, and underlying concepts related to urban space management. This, in turn, assists in identifying the factors that influence comprehensive engagement in smart city initiatives.
A INSERÇÃO DE EGRESSOS COTISTAS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO: COMPARANDO TRAJETÓRIAS
Authors: De Paula Azevedo Beatriz , Sérgio da Costa Neves Paulo , Jacino Ramatis
Published: September 2024

Diante da escassez de estudos teóricos sobre o tema dos egressos de universidades brasileiras, especialmente os cotistas, e ainda mais no contexto do mercado de trabalho, este trabalho propõe-se a preencher essa lacuna, apresentando dados referentes aos egressos de todos os cursos da UFABC entre 2010 e 2022. Para tanto, elaboramos um formulário por meio do Google Forms e realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A pesquisa abrangeu tanto egressos cotistas quanto não cotistas, permitindo comparações entre os grupos. Os resultados apontam para a existência de mobilidade econômica entre a população negra, mas ressaltam que persistem desigualdades étnico-raciais e de gênero no mercado de trabalho em São Paulo.
OS “PODERES” E O PODER: AUTORIDADES “TRADICIONAIS”, ESTADO E FEITIÇARIA NA GUINÉ-BISSAU
Authors: De Souza Brito Érico
Published: September 2024

A questão do “poder tradicional” na Guiné-Bissau traz nos dias de hoje um debate que remonta ao período colonial, no qual os portugueses tinham nos régulos os intermediários entre a administração colonial e a população local. Atualmente o governo da Guiné-Bissau busca obter apoio político dos régulos através de diversos subterfúgios, ao mesmo tempo em que as ditas “autoridades tradicionais” buscam os mesmos privilégios gozados durante o período colonial, o que desembocou em disputas pelo poder “tradicional”, através do qual representar uma determinada comunidade permite o acesso a recursos de projetos e a posse de terras. A coleta dos dados apresentados neste paper foi realizada durante pesquisa de campo na Guiné-Bissau e a discussão a ser feita terá como base os relatos orais obtidos através de conversas informais e entrevistas realizadas na cidade de Bissau e em outras localidades. A análise de alguns casos concretos de conflito pelo “poder tradicional” aponta certo padrão: homens que possuem poder econômico e político buscam ocupar posições de régulos ou de representantes “tradicionais” de determinadas comunidades; o Estado guineense, em certa medida, volta a repetir o mesmo modus operandi da administração colonial para ter sob sua tutela os régulos através da doação direta de dinheiro para estes atores; e os régulos já estabelecidos no poder, ao mesmo tempo em que tentam angariar para si mais poder político, argumentam que as figuras que estão usurpando os cargos do “poder tradicional” não possuem o “poder” necessário para o cargo.
La crise de la COVID-19 et les ambiguïtés de la construction de la figure de « l’expert médical » dans la grammaire politique populiste: le bon, la brute et le truand
Authors: Chapelan Alexis , Costea Vladimir Adrian
Published: September 2024

The chapter sets out the shed light on the complex politico-ideological embeddings of expertise in the context of the current crisis. The pandemic has brought to the forefront the role of public health experts, who have become instrumental in suggesting policies to counteract the spread of the novel coronavirus. These experts range from internationally renowned researchers to anonymous frontline workers in healthcare such as nurses, paramedics or family practitioners. This emphasis on expertise and highly technical know-how sometimes came at the expense of elected political personnel, with democratic mechanisms temporarily supplanted by technocratic decision-making. However, the narrative that emerged on expertise and the place of experts was far from monolithic. We will focus henceforth on the crystallisation of a counter-narrative violently denouncing the newfound power of experts and the scientific consensus undergirding it. The notion of “epistemological populism” acts as a theoretical bridgehead between the traditional political understanding of the populist label and the wider cultural-epistemic implications of the semiotics of defiance that populism enacts in modern societies. The recent focus on “epistemological populism” fruitfully intersects with a century-long reflection on the rise of technostructures and dis-ideologisation, providing a fresh, heterodox perspective on the backlash to these phenomena.
The United Arab Emirates, an Early Adopter of Global Best Practices
Authors: Guéraiche William
Published: September 2024

The nexus between authorities and experts in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) differs from that of the Western democracies. The decision-making process is complex, a blend of Bedouin tradition, modern administration and nation branding. On the surface, it seems that the Sheikhs took all decisions during the pandemic. The reality was of course more complex. Whilst the sheikhs might still jealously guard their power, they know how to listen to outside parties (including experts in different fields) before taking important decisions. For instance, the cooperation on the coronavirus (SARS) with World Health Organisation since 2003 justified the health protocol implemented at the inception of the pandemic. The crisis was therefore no exception and revealed that the experts do not interact with decision-makers in the media. There had been no debate about the chloroquine, herd immunity or the effectiveness of the vaccines. Experts oriented the political decisions but never intervened as independent actors in the public debate.
Gestion de la COVID-19 en Suisse : expertise scientifique et démocratie de consensus en temps de crise
Authors: Mavrot Céline
Published: September 2024

This contribution analyses the place of experts during the COVID-19 crisis management in Switzerland. In this situation, political authorities strongly emphasised that their decision relied on the scientific expertise, to an unprecedented extend in Switzerland. The government set up a double system of expertise: an independent and consultative scientific task force on the one hand, and experts from national public agencies on the other hand. This chapter has three focuses. First, it examines the function of this system of expertise for the political authorities (responsibility-sharing and blame avoidance mechanisms). By displaying its collaboration with scientific experts, the government gains some leeway to adopt potentially unpopular measures, and asserts the need to stand united in the crisis. Second, the chapter analyses the composition of these two expert panels, as well as their independence from political authorities. It shows that while external experts voiced public criticism against some political decisions, the administrative experts remained subordinated to the political hierarchy. Third, the chapter highlights the role of counter-power that scientific expertise can temporarily play in such a situation. The executive branch gained substantial power during the crisis, while legislative and judicial activities were partly suspended. Thus, the chapter highlights the role of expertise in crisis situations as well as, more generally, its function in democratic systems.
Le rôle de l’expertise dans la construction du consensus suédois face à la pandémie
Authors: Premat Christophe
Published: September 2024

The Swedish strategy received particular attention at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the singular choice of not confining the population. If this strategy has been the target of many criticisms, its careful study reveals a rather original functioning of public policies. The political authorities used the administrative framework of the State to elaborate an official narrative overhanging the various opinions of the experts. State epidemiological expert Anders Tegnell has been in the spotlight to become a constant benchmark for the political positioning based on the state of information and knowledge. The chapter analyses the transformation of state expert into super-expert by showing how this discourse has produced collective coherence and obedience.
"Sending baby dust to you all..."
Authors: Butcher Sally
Published: September 2024

My ongoing interdisciplinary practice-based PhD research considers ways in which understandings of (In)fertility are manifested within the texts of women in personally led online forum spaces and the bigger hidden narratives around these fragments. Looking at (dis)embodiment through language within artistic practice, it considers alternative linguistic interpretations of this dis-ease within and against authoritative medicalised rhetoric and asks what other semantics can emerge in dialogue here. This seeks to reimagine(In)fertile Embodiment through creative feminist praxis, within non-normative “sub-maternal” subjectivities and temporalities, traversing intersections of invisibility and silence through formulations of absence and its material presence. Emerging experiments, as discussed in this article, embrace an embodied methodology of hope and failure, interspersing words and images, text and matter, through interpretations of textual metaphor and data visualisation. The research seeks to engage audiences emotionally around this stigmatised reproductive discourse and assert its re-presentation within a new “maternal spectrum”, expanding the parameters of maternal art and beyond.
Detecção de Agrotóxicos na Perícia Forense: Perfil dos Casos e dos Óbitos
Authors: Gusmão Couto Tauer Jordani , Coelho Bordoni Polyanna Helena , Silva Luiz Sérgio , Becker Lago Sales Sofia , Santos Bordoni Leonardo
Published: September 2024

As intoxicações são um grave problema de saúde pública, pelo impacto na saúde individual e coletiva e pelos custos econômicos e sociais que acarretam. Os agrotóxicos são um dos principais químicos relacionados a esses eventos. Objetiva-se descrever o perfil dos casos e dos óbitos positivos para agrotóxicos que aportaram a um Laboratório de Toxicologia Forense. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados periciais criminais (toxicológicos e necroscópicos) entre 2002 e 2018; realização de análises descritivas e de testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher para verificação de associações. A maior parte dos 1.606 casos foi proveniente da região central de Minas Gerais, relacionou-se aos inibidores de acetilcolinesterase e era composta de indivíduos do sexo masculino. Houve limitações técnicas laboratoriais para a detecção de agrotóxicos e redução do número de casos ao longo do tempo. Para 296 óbitos avaliados, homens, negros, com idade entre 30-49 anos foram a maior parte das vítimas. A suspeita de suicídio e o uso de inibidores de acetilcolinesterase foram as principais causas da morte. Não foram observados sinais necroscópicos específicos; edema agudo de pulmão e secreção espumosa nas vias aéreas foram as principais alterações observadas. Adultos jovens, do sexo masculino, que utilizaram inibidores de acetilcolinesterase em contexto de suicídio foram os mais prevalentes, podendo ser foco de políticas públicas. Ainda há limitação na detecção dos casos de intoxicações por agrotóxicos, especialmente fatais, o que torna o cruzamento de diferentes bancos de dados uma alternativa para melhorar a sub-captação.
MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING MODIFIED BITUMEN COMPOSITIONS BASED ON NON-STANDARD MODIFIERS
Authors: Yemelev Vladislav S. , Yapaev Ruslan R. , Belousova Olga Yu. , Ogneva Tatyana S. , Nazarov Roman S.
Published: September 2024

Road petroleum bitumen produced at oxidation plants does not always satisfy the main consumers with its quality or does not fully meet the requirements of existing state standards. However, improving their performance by introducing specialized polymer modifiers from the manufacturer is an expensive and specific process that requires additional equipment.The article presents the results of research on the influence of various polymer wastes and substandard products in the composition of a composite material on the quality of standard road bitumen.During the research, a polymer bitumen based on a composition without the use of specialized additives was obtained, and a technological model of a modified bitumen production plant was calculated and built according to the proposed method.As a result of the tests, inexpensive and high-quality bitumen with improved rheological characteristics, competitive with traditional polymer-bitumen binders was obtained, and a variant of complex thermal process modeling in the Aspen HYSYS program was proposed, taking into account an extremely small number of studies devoted to the problem of working with solid and semi-solid petroleum products based on this program. At the same time, the result obtained is aimed at solving environmental problems by recycling waste from petrochemical industries.
INFLUENCE OF DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION ON COLD FLOW IMPROVER EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Khamadalieva Gulnaz M. , Baulin Oleg A. , Gilmutdinov Amir T. , Khabarova Ksenia I. , Ayupova Azaliya A.
Published: September 2024

In recent years there has been an increase in the requirements for the diesel fuel quality in our country. One of the most important indicators of diesel fuel quality is its low-temperature properties. To improve the low-temperature characteristics of diesel fuel it is recommended to add cold flow improvers. These additives help to lower the pour point, increase the cold filter plugging point and extend the range of winter fuels. However, there is a challenge in using these additives as their effectiveness can vary depending on the composition of the fuel. Fuels with a wide boiling range 90 %–20 % distillation curve of 100 °C or more and an end boiling point of more than 25 °C are usually more susceptible to cold flow improvers.The article examines the effect of various fuels with different fractional and hydrocarbon compositions produced at Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC on the performance of a cold flow improver based on petrochemical industry by-products developed at Ufa State Petroleum Technological University. It was found that the highest efficiency of the additive at its maximum concentration (0.2 % by weight) was observed on a sample of diesel fuel with the lowest content of paraffin hydrocarbons (52.7 % by weight). The optimal boiling range for this sample was 90 %–20 % – 110 °C, the «end of boiling – 90 %» – 25 °C. The depressor effect of the additive on other diesel fuel samples was found to be negligible indicating its poor compatibility with fuels of the studied composition. Therefore, in the production of diesel fuel it is important to have a variety of cold flow improvers that can be tailored to suit fuels with different fractional and hydrocarbon compositions.
The Recognition and Regulation of Smart Contracts in South Africa
Authors: Van Eck Michele , Agbeko Fafa Delight
Published: September 2024

Our understanding of contracts continues to evolve. Electronic contracts that have typically taken the form of shrink-wrap, click-wrap, web-wrap, scroll-wrap, multi-wrap and sign-in-wrap agreements have undergone further developments with the introduction of automation in electronic contractual engagements and, more recently, the advent of the so-called "smart contract". Different types of smart contracts exist, including smart contracts that operate on blockchain technology. Despite these developments in commercial and contractual activities, the South African legal framework does not officially recognise smart contracts. The use of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 (ECTA) as a mechanism for the regulatory oversight of smart contracts in South Africa is, in its current form, woefully inadequate and limited in its application to smart contracts. Other jurisdictions, like the European Union (EU), have passed draft legislative and regulatory documentation called the Data Act to address smart contracts, whilst the UK Law Commission has provided recommendations to regulate smart contracts. As South Africa currently has no equivalent to the EU's draft Data Act and has not considered the operation of smart contracts in South Africa, the position in the EU and United Kingdom (UK) is considered in this paper to provide guidelines as to the aspects that it would be necessary to regulate in a South African context.
“The paradoxical nature of Zinoviev’s speeches was a natural consequence of their truth.” An Interview
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Moscow, Russia, Guseynov Abdusalam , Pavlov Alexander ,   National Research University — Higher School of Economics (HSE University),   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to a discussion of the creative legacy of the national philosopher, writer, and sociologist Alexander Zinoviev and is timed to coincide with his 100th anniversary. Abdusalam Guseynov, director of the Institute of Philosophy and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who knew Zinoviev personally and is concerned with his legacy, discusses the influence that the philosopher had on Russia, the world, and the national intellectual space. Guseynov recalls how he met Zinoviev and shares his current impressions of that meeting. Guseynov speaks of Zinoviev’s enormous influence on Russian intellectual life and public consciousness in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. However, the lines of this influence are hidden, sometimes silenced, and therefore this subject remains to be explored. A special emphasis in the interview is placed on Zinoviev’s well-known formula “I am a sovereign state.” Commenting on its philosophical and scientific-sociological aspects, Guseinov notes that Zinoviev developed his philosophical views precisely in order to live properly, which gives relevance to his ethics. Zinoviev takes deeds rather than norms as his starting point, and moves from the individual to the general rather than vice versa, which characterizes his teachings as a “philosophy of the act.” Guseynov suggests that Zinoviev’s views and character grew out of the contradiction between the communist ideal and its realization in the Soviet experience. Here lie the origins of his criticism of real communism as well as his desire to become an ideal communist himself and to embody in his individual experience a communist ideal that is impossible in the social experience of the people.
Superape Principle: Modification of Temporal and Anthropological Foundations
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU), Kaliningrad, Russia, Prokhorov Alexander
Published: September 2024

Juxtaposition of fictional images in Edgar Burroughs’ Tarzan of the Apes and William Burroughs’ The Naked Lunch opens a way to articulate the “superape principle,” some kind of a structural antipode to Friedrich Nietzsche’s “superhuman.” The following analysis of The Naked Lunch demonstrates how this principle affects modern society, modifying implicitly its temporal and anthropological foundations. The exploration of this problem includes the analysis of interconvertibility of drug addiction, sexuality, power and clinical medicine at the level of hyper-chaos. A superhuman appears to the human society only to perform the heroic act. Then he disappears, thereby providing the functioning of the moral ideals system. As opposed to him, the superape does not appear and does not disappear. It takes roots on the transphenomenal level. It treats social institutes, the main of which is human flesh, to freeze time and to supersede the creative synthesis, which defines the human species, displacing it by dehumanization and depersonification mechanics. Transforming the human being into the limp nutritious mass, which is no more attached neither to logos nor to sex, the superape populates the newly formatted homogenous world by the habitants of its hallucinatory bestiary — monkeys, mosquitoes, bugs, snakes, fishes, centipedes and their interjacent forms, those who never existed hitherto. Using the superape figure, the author attempts to show the displacement of the transcendental foundations of humanity itself. By the means of this he joins the discussion with some movements of contemporary philosophy, including the philosophies of artificial intelligence, the new materialism, radical forms of dark anthropology and metaphysics of the higher primates. At the same time the superape principle may be treated as an instrument of structural analysis in the literal studies of William Burroughs’ main book, considered as one of the most difficult in avantgarde literature of the 20th century.
Nonobviousness of Believability: An Outline for the Semiology of Cartographic Images
Authors:   S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Ivanov Konstantin ,   Russian Academy of Sciences (IHST RAS), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

The article tries to review the geographical maps as a specific type of semiological system. Application to semiology carried out through two basic cartographic constructs usually denoted in verbal language as “route” and “border.” The paper shows that both these constructs could be considered as a sample of particular cartographic “syntagms” with such “speech” equivalents as travel and demarcation correspondingly. The distinctive attribute of travel (route) is predominantly metonymic type of discourse, while the distinctive attribute of demarcation (border) is predominantly metaphorical one. It is possible to delineate such zones in which one plane overlaps the other and a paradigm extends into syntagm and vice versa. In such zones the cartographic “discourse” assumes distinctly aesthetic dimension. The article determines the main characteristics of maps as facts of a special semiological system, which include arbitrariness, isologicalness and what the author defines as locouniqueness. The article also considers the types of semiotics involved in mapping. It is shown that since the signifieds of the maps are themselves semiotics (which include the codes assigned by the inhabitants to their habitat), the majority of maps made as part of a routine mapping procedure that does not involve any super-purpose use are nothing more than semiologies. In particular, the signifiers and signifieds of the maps are invariants in contrast to variants of the signifiers and signifieds used by inhabitants in their local languages. It follows that any semiological description of maps is not semiology, but metasemiology. One manifestation of this is the fact that variants of routes and borders in cartography have acquired the status of invariants in our study. They became basic concepts for defining the two axes of the language (according to Roman Jakobson) and made it possible to divide cartographic “statements” into two fundamentally dissimilar categories, one of which tends to be metaphorical (paradigm), and the other to metonymic (syntagm).
From Map to 3D Digital Model of Reality… and Back to Map
Authors: Leonov Andrey
Published: September 2024

The article considers the evolution of digital maps and virtual globes and current issues associated with their creation and use. The author shows that as technology has evolved, digital cartographic applications have become increasingly different from traditional maps and globes, becoming essentially three-dimensional interactive digital models of the Earth and near-Earth space, territories, objects and processes. These models often also act as an interface for interacting with large volumes of poorly structured data. Characteristic new qualities of such 3D models of the Earth (virtual globes), according to the author, are multiscale, multitasking and multitemporality. Analyzing the features of modern digital cartographic applications, the author highlights the key problems and potential risks associated with their creation and use. These include, first of all, the issues of data status in virtual worlds and trust in them; control of information flows between digital models and the real world; manipulation of user perception through software algorithm settings, data filtering or spoofing. The article focuses on the issues in legal regulation of 3D documents, including virtual globes, as well as issues of user responsibility for the possible consequences of their actions in the virtual models and technological difficulties in providing a comfortable work with 3D models in stereo mode. As a consequence, according to the author, two-dimensional mapping products, including traditional maps, are still preferred by most users, although they are now created on the basis of three-dimensional digital models. Prospects for further development and application of digital 3D reality models depend not only on the improvement of technology, but also on the formation of new habits of working with information.
Distinguish Between Good and Evil
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia, Ivashchuk Olga
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on the problem of distinguishing between good and evil, which has become more acute since the twentieth century. The study of the theoretical evolution of this problem discovers the approach found by G. W. F. Hegel, which was not used in modern attempts to develop it. After exposing the current state of the problem, the author shows the impossibility of finding a way out of it, remaining within the Kantian formulation of it, which continues to dominate today. This motivates the appeal to approaches that critically overcome Kantianism, primarily the approaches of Schelling and Hegel. F. W. J. Schelling connects the reality of evil with the freedom of human, which potentially coincides with the divine. This gives rise to conflict, since only God can occupy the central place of actual universality, while the creature must renounce itself, being integrated as a part into the deity. In this confrontation, Schelling sees only two possibilities: to subdue or to submit. Therefore, the conquering strategy of the uncreated self turns out to be good, while the evil is the same strategy of the created self, not backed by power and therefore doomed to lose. Then evil becomes indistinguishable from good. To this strategy which in Hegel becomes the evil, Hegel opposes a new opportunity: to leave the central place empty, which means renunciation of domination, but not of self, as for God, who through this becomes the spirit (of the community), so for every individual, who becomes free, not subjugating, but recognizing the freedom and self of the other. In conclusion, the Hegelian find is tested for relevance to the current situation.
Hegel’s Logic as a Theory of Meaning: Material-Conceptual and Structural Aspects
Authors:   Leipzig University, Germany, Stekeler-Weithofer Pirmin
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes main logical categories in Hegel’s Logic from the standpoint of contemporary formal logic and analytic philosophy of language. Hegel is taken as a radical critical philosopher in Kantian sense, who develops Kantian critical philosophy. Hegel’s Logic is portrayed as metaphysics and semantics, for it provides a profound analysis of logical form of main categories and the logical structure of local speech domains. The author considers subjectivity of judgements, constitution of sortal domains and an inferentialist account of predicates within logical universe of discourse. Speech acts are always singular acts that are performed and articulated by speakers. The content of a judgement is constituted due to the intricate genus-species difference system, which is expressed by the concepts of infinite negation and determinate negation. Some speech acts require knowledge not only of generic properties that are inherent to genus of a subject matter, but also contentful determination of difference of the particular individuals in question. Sense of predicates is determined within an inferential system of sentences and their relations of inference and contradiction. The form of inference is defined solely syntactically or logically, however for any particular case is required contentful knowledge, which is based on pre-knowledge and power of judgement. The system of science is a network of material- conceptual truths taken as synthetic judgements a priori. Hegelian concept of “idea” signifies adequate theoretical and shared practical forms that include the ways of evaluation of generic judgements as correct or true ones, which should serve to our orientation in the world. Hence the idea is essentially the same as the personal form of human life.
El Teatro del Oprimido como herramienta artística y pedagógica.
Authors: Herrero García Roberto
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of an investigation developed during the internship of the “Máster de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid” (2021-2022 school year), where we explored the pedagogical use of the Theater of the Oppressed in secondary schools. This technique was created by the Brazilian playwright Augusto Boal in the 1960s and aims to find a solution to conflicts by the creation of deliberative environments. Although it’s a relatively unknown technique in Spain, the Theater of the Oppressed has been highly appreciated by neighborhood movements in the south of Madrid; one of them is the association of Leganés where this study was launched. Based on this local context, we decided to incorporate the Theater of the Oppressed in the area of artistic education, with a group of students in the 2nd year of ESO (“Educación Secundaria Obligatoria”). This research was carried out through a 6 sessions teaching unit, in which we worked on contents of the subject of “Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual” (Visual Arts), the subject of “Valores Éticos” (Ethics) and the tutoring sessions in a cross curricular activity.