bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the National Mental Health Service Planning Framework to support an integrated approach to regional mental health planning in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Wright Eryn , Leitch Elizabeth , Fjeldsoe Kevin , Diminic Sandra , Gossip Kate , Hudson Patricia , Whiteford Harvey
Published: March 2021

Regional integrated service planning has been identified as a key priority for improving the mental health system in Australia. The National Mental Health Service Planning Framework (NMHSPF) is an integrated planning tool that estimates the resources required to deliver the optimal mix of mental health services to a population. In 2016, Queensland Health commissioned a trial application of the NMHSPF for joint mental health planning between a Primary Health Network (PHN) and the corresponding state Hospital and Health Services (HHSs) in a regional area. The aim of this work was to collaborate with stakeholders from each organisation to collect available data on the delivery and resources of existing mental health services in the region and compare these to NMHSPF estimates to identify potential priority areas for planning. This paper provides mental health planners with an exemplar model for using the NMHSPF to support integrated planning at the regional level and describes the barriers, facilitators and key outcomes of this work.
OPEN ARCH integrated care model: experiences of older Australians and their carers
Authors: Quigley Rachel , Russell Sarah , Harvey Desley , Mann Jennifer
Published: March 2021

There is worldwide recognition of the need to redesign health service delivery with a focus on strengthening primary health care and aligning health and social care through integrated models. A defining feature of integrated models is improved patient and carer experience of care. This study explored the experiences of older people and their carers enrolled in a unique model of integrated care that provides a specialist geriatric intervention in the primary care setting for older adults with complex needs in Far North Queensland. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design using semistructured interviews was used to address the study aims. Seventeen older people and nine carers took part in the study. Data were analysed inductively, guided by the principles of thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: getting by; achieving positive change; and improving and maintaining the OPEN ARCH (Older Persons ENablement And Rehabilitation for Complex Health conditions) approach. The findings indicate that enablement models of integration can be successful in activating positive change towards independence for the older person with complex needs. Understanding patients’ and carers’ experiences is essential to comprehensive service evaluation.
What will it take to end AIDS in Asia and the Pacific region by 2030?
Authors: Murphy Eamonn , Shwe Ye Yu , Bhatia Reeta , Bakkali Taoufik , Vannakit Ravipa
Published: March 2021

The 2016 global commitments towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 require the Asia–Pacific region to reach the Fast-Track targets by 2020. Despite early successes, the region is well short of meeting these targets. The overall stalled progress in the HIV response has been further undermined by rising new infections among young key populations and the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines the HIV situation, assesses the gaps, and analyses what it would take the region to end AIDS by 2030. Political will and commitments for ending AIDS must be reaffirmed and reinforced. Focused regional strategic direction that answers the specific regional context and guides countries to respond to their specific needs must be put in place. The region must harness the power of innovative tools and technology in both prevention and treatment. Community activism and meaningful community engagement across the spectrum of HIV response must be ensured. Punitive laws, stigma, and discrimination that deter key populations and people living with HIV from accessing health services must be effectively tackled. The people-centred public health approach must be fully integrated into national universal health coverage while ensuring domestic resources are available for community-led service delivery. The region must utilise its full potential and draw upon lessons that have been learnt to address common challenges of the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics and achieve the goal of ending AIDS by 2030, in fulfillment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States
Authors: Singh Surya , Shaikh Mujaheed , Hauck Katharina , Miraldo Marisa
Published: March 2021

Significance

The coronavirus pandemic has become the most recent and urgent public health issue to threaten health systems and test government responses globally. The United States is leading with the highest number of infections despite the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). These measures may vary in their effectiveness across populations as the ability to physically distance is a privilege and is highly intersected with ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the United States has now lifted many NPIs; however, there is no evidence on whether and to what degree lifting NPIs can diminish the health gains of previously implemented policies. This study provides timely evidence for policymakers to inform next steps to mitigate the pandemic.
Functional and genetic analysis of viral receptor ACE2 orthologs reveals a broad potential host range of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Hu Gaowei , Wang Yuyan , Ren Wenlin , Zhao Xiaomin , Ji Fansen , Zhu Yunkai , Feng Fei , Gong Mingli , Ju Xiaohui , Zhu Yuanfei , Cai Xia , Lan Jun , Guo Jianying , Xie Min , Dong Lin , Zhu Zihui , Na Jie , Wu Jianping , Lan Xun , Xie Youhua , Wang Xinquan , Yuan Zhenghong , Zhang Rong , Ding Qiang
Published: March 2021

Significance

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a major global health threat. The host range of SARS-CoV-2 and intermediate hosts that facilitate its transmission to humans remain unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to infect a broad range of mammalian hosts, including domestic animals, pets, livestock, and animals commonly found in zoos and aquaria. Those species may be at risk for human-to-animal or animal-to-animal transmissions of SARS-CoV-2. Our study highlights the importance of banning illegal wildlife trade and consumption, and enforcing the importance of surveilling animals in close contact with humans as potential zoonotic reservoirs to prevent outbreaks in the future.
Enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties of Fe2O3-doped carbon nitride-based organo-catalysts
Authors: Khan Muhammad Wasim , Asif Sana Ullah , Ahmed Fahim , Rehman Ata-ur , Makhdoom A R , Khan Ehsan Ullah
Published: March 2021

Fe2O3/g-CN heterojunction composites were successfully fabricated by a simple calcinations method using iron chloride and urea as precursors. A specific amount of Fe2O3 was incorporated on the surface of g-CN and calcinated at 400, 450, and 500 °C to obtain series of Fe2O3/g-CN (400(1), 450(2), 500(3) °C) composites. Characterization techniques were applied to measure the optical activities of Fe/CNx composites. The Fe/CN(2) sample showed a significant enhancement in the separation of photo-generated carriers under visible light due to the Fe coordination within g-CN. The composites were utilized for the first time along with parent g-CN sample for the evolution of H2 source by water splitting experiment, as well as and for photodegradation of MB under visible light illumination (λ = 420 nm). Results demonstrate that Fe/CN(2) samples exhibit a remarkable photocatalytic performance in both electron generation (HER) and holes formation, i.e. good degradation performance and as such, the corresponding degradation rate of the superior sample is 91.4 % at 60 min. Moreover, the reusability tests of Fe/CNx composites at different temperatures confirm good degradation performance and have excellent photochemical stability in terms of hydrogen evolution and removal of pollutants, respectively. With experimental results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of Fe/CN(2) composite has been exceeded to describe the whole phenomena of photocatalysis.
Double stratified analysis for bioconvection radiative flow of Sisko nanofluid with generalized heat/mass fluxes
Authors: Al-Mubaddel Fahad S. , Farooq Umar , Al-Khaled Kamel , Hussain Sajjad , Khan Sami Ullah , Aijaz Muhammed O , Rahimi-Gorji Mohammad , Waqas Hassan
Published: March 2021

With growing development in nano-technology and thermal engineering, nano-materials has intended a great interest of researchers in current decade due to their multidisciplinary significances in renewable energy systems, heating processes, industrial cooling circuits, hybrid-powered motors, solar systems, nanoelectronic, sensing and imaging, coating integrity, drug delivery , nuclear cooling systems etc. The study of nanofluids in presence of external thermal sources like thermal radiation, magnetic force, activation energy and heat source/sink is more effective to improve the heat and mass transportation mechanism. Following to such motivations in mind, current research concern with the bioconvection flow of Sisko nanofluid confined by a stretched surface subject to the bioconvection phenomenon. The applications of porous space and inertial forces are analyzed by employing the Darcy-Forchheimer relations. The modified Cattaneo-Christov relations are utilized to modify the heat and mass equations. The analysis is performed in presence of heat source/sink, activation energy and thermal radiation. The primarily cause and objective of this analysis to suggest more effective and generalized non-Newtonian nanofluid model containing the gyrotactic microorganisms. The developed system of equations are solved numerically by using the bvp4c shooting scheme by using MATLAB software. It is noticed that velocity profile increases with Sisko fluid parameter while it diminishes with local inertia coefficient and bioconvection Rayleigh number. An improve nanofluid temperature is observed with temperature ratio constant and Biot number. A lower nanofluid concentration is resulted due to higher values of Cattaneo-Christov mass flux constant and mixed convection parameter.
Non-classicality in an open two-mode parametric amplifier cavity containing a Λ-qutrit system
Authors: Mohamed A-B A , Hessian H A
Published: March 2021

In the presented paper, we introduce an analytical description for a dissipative two-mode parametric amplifier coherent cavity containing a three-level system (qutrit). Based on normalized correlation function, Q-function and its associated Wehrl entropy, the dynamics of the quantum phenomena: two-mode cavity non-classically, qutrit phase space information, and quantum coherence are investigated under the physical parameters: qutrit-cavity interactions, initial coherent intensity, and the dissipation. It is found that the generated quantum phenomena, due to the qutrit-cavity interaction, depend on the physical parameters of the initial states and the dissipation. The robustness of the quantum phenomena against the dissipation can be enhanced by decreasing the initial coherent intensity cavity. The stability and strength of the generated bunching/anti-bunching behaviour can be controlled by the cavity dissipation.
Detailed analysis for 6Li+40Ca elastic scattering using different potentials
Authors: Hamada Sh , Alsaif Norah A. M. , Ibraheem Awad A
Published: March 2021

The available experimental differential cross-section data for the 6Li+40C nuclear system in the energy range of 20–240 MeV have been reanalyzed using the framework of the phenomenological optical model (OM), the semi-microscopic cluster folding optical model (CFOM), and the microscopic cluster folding model (CFM) motivated by the well-known cluster structure of 6Li. Reasonable fits to the experimental data have been obtained using OM, CFOM, and CFM over the entire energy range considered in this study. For the real cluster folding potential, the extracted average renormalization factors from CFM and CFOM calculations are 0.46 ± 0.14 and 0.56 ± 0.05, respectively. Due to the well-developed cluster structure of 6Li and the effect of its breakup on other reaction channels, the strength of the real cluster folding potentials was required to be reduced by ∼44%–54% in order to describe the experimental data.
Design and analysis of the epidemic novel corona virus
Authors: Mishra Nirbhay , Majumder Amit , Rakshit Dr. Pranati
Published: March 2021

We all know that corona virus first news is get flashed on 31st December 2019 from the Wuhan city of China and Province Hubei is mostly affected by this deadliest version of corona bomb hence it is called COVID -19 named by scientists because it’s completely novel by structure. It’s a respiratory diseases and very much similar to SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) but its molecule structure is not completely similar to SARS hence till now there is no medicine for this daemon CORONA. Currently we can clearly observe that almost all countries of world are suffering from this. At initial stage it is predicted that its animal kind of flu and hence there is no need to worry but as soon as time goes by its started transmitting from animal to men and then men to men and hence transmitted from city of Wuhan and reaches almost all corners of the world, hence it is very dangerous for our civilization and its increasing death rate and suspect cases reveals that it’s a big epidemic that we ever faced in last 100 years. So by observing the severity of this epidemic we need to inform right and exact guideline to every other people. Epidemic is a disease that spread very quickly and covers entire geographical area in no time that what the world are facing off. It can cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. Before this the mankind has experienced several epidemics like SARS, Dengue, Plague, and Spanish Flue which had already ruined the life of world completely in those days when Medical science was not at their pick. But, today when world civilization and modern medical science is at their pick a new RNA structured VIRUS has completely destroyed the world in many ways. So it’s very necessary to know the impact of it on originating venue so that we can analyze its danger and rate of spread ability. So to do this we have applied h Machine Learning algorithm and concepts for predicting death and other cases of Covid-19.
Assessment of Prediction Models of Confirmed, Recovered and Deceased cases due to COVID-19
Authors: Rakshit P , Debnath S , Mistri J , Kumar S
Published: March 2021

Pandemic relates to a situation where any disease starts spreading geographically and affects a entire country or the whole world. So when an epidemic becomes pandemic, it really a question of our survival. COVID -19 has become a pandemic as we all know and needs real and underneath research on that. The procession of death is uncountable still now. It can cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. So it’s very necessary to know the impact of it on originating venue so that we can analyze its potential and rate of spreads. So to do this we have applied here some Machine learning algorithm and concepts of regression for prediction. In this present work we have made prediction model of confirmed cases, Recovered and death cases using K-Nearest Neighbour regressor and Gradient Boosting Regressor. The model performance is very good in predicting all the cases. The R squared value is very near to 1.
Mathematical Models for Predicting Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Vytla Vishnu , Ramakuri Sravanth Kumar , Peddi Anudeep , Kalyan Srinivas K , Nithish Ragav N.
Published: March 2021

The catastrophic outbreak of the Novel Corona virus (Covid-19) has brought to light, the significance of reliable predictive mathematical models. The results from such models greatly affect the use of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, management of medical resources and understanding risk factors. This paper compares popular mathematical models based on their predictive capabilities, practical validity, presumptions and drawbacks. The paper focuses on popular techniques in use for the predictive modeling of the Covid-19 epidemic. The paper covers the Gaussian Model, SIRD, SEIRD and the latest θ-SEIHRD techniques used for predictive modeling of epidemics.
An Enhanced Method for Information Hiding Using LSB Steganography
Authors: Sasmal Mr. Milan , Mula Mrs. Debasmita
Published: March 2021

This work involves a method to communicate one to one by hiding the information among all the people. Digital photographs are the most suitable components compared to other things available on the internet as transmitter based on their availability. This work basically ciphered message within a photographs. For hiding secret information in images, there exist an outsized sort of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and every one of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications may have separate requirements of the cipher technique used. for instance, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the key information, while others require a bigger secret message to be hidden. This work intends to offer an summary of image steganography, its uses and techniques. LSB (Least Significant Bit) technique is used for this work. Here bits of the text are replaced by the LSBs of the pixel values of the image. because the LSBs are alone changed, normal human eyes cannot predict the difference between the first image and therefore the resulting image.

In this work, the pixel indicator technique has been used to hide information in RGB Images. Least two significant bits are used for this proposed methodology as of one for the channels of Red, Green or Blue as an indicator of data existence in the other two channels. Based on the image nature indicator bits will be generated randomly in the channel.
The impact of COVID-19 in the construction sector and its remedial measures
Authors: Biswas Ankan , Ghosh Abhinandan , Kar Adrish , Mondal Tuhin , Ghosh Buntee , Bardhan Dr.Prasanta Kumar
Published: March 2021

Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreaks have severely disrupted the economy, with devastating effects on global trade and it has simultaneously affected households, businesses, financial institution, industrial establishments and infrastructure companies. The economic crisis caused by the virus has hit many more organizations around the world. Similarly, construction and engineering projects around the world have been jeopardize in various way by the COVID-19 pandemic and many projects have closed. As a result, there has been a financial recession in the construction industry in almost all countries and has created unemployment. All in all, this situation has caused great concern, uncertainty and unrest in the construction industry. This paper observes in several countries and describes the global impact of the Corona virus on the construction industry. This paper also explains how it is possible to continue construction work in this situation. If construction work continues, the economic downturn will be reduced and unemployment will be reduced.
Attendance and attention monitoring - a perspective in digital pedagogy
Authors: Saha Dwaipayan , Mukherjee Indrani , Roy Jesmin , Sarkar Bikramjit , Bhattacharjee Rupak
Published: March 2021

Technology has played an integral role in the field of education. Its prominence and efficacy have proved to be a great boon for the people in this New Normal after the severe outbreak of COVID-19. Although the entire world is confined among the four walls, it is the technology that contributed a lot by enabling the conduction of online classes through different Learning Management Systems and multidimensional efforts of student-teacher fraternity. Earlier the Distance Learning was prevalent but was not given much importance owing to own limitations. This period of emergency has identified and highlighted the need and immense contribution of technology in digital pedagogy through online mode. In this paper we have surveyed various ways, where technology has played a gigantic role in the field of education. Various techniques for monitoring the attendance of the learners are also explored. Identifying several problems and related drawbacks of the digital transformation in the pedagogical approach, we have proposed some dynamic systems that can resolve certain issues efficiently and effectively. Solutions to mitigate the problems of attendance and to prevent the lack of attention/concentration of the students during the conduction of the online classes are presented.
Study of Adhesion Recovery phenomenon using a Multi-axle Roller-rig
Authors: Magelli Matteo
Published: March 2021

When a railway vehicle is running on a contaminated track, the available friction is reduced, and large creep values arise at the wheel-rail interface. However, the work of the friction forces of the leading wheelsets produces a cleaning effect on both the track and the wheels, so that the contaminant layer is partially removed, and adhesion increases on the leading as well as on the trailing wheelsets. The investigation of these adhesion recovery phenomena is the key to develop new solutions aiming to improve the vehicle dynamic behaviour in degraded adhesion conditions. Since on-field tests are usually expensive and time-consuming, roller-rigs are the typical apparatus used to simulate the vehicle dynamic behaviour in laboratory conditions. The paper describes the mechanical design of an innovative roller rig specifically designed to study adhesion recovery phenomena, consisting of four wheelsets running over the same pair of rollers. Experimental tests are performed on the test bench to obtain adhesion characteristics under dry and contaminated conditions.
Numerical modeling of selective laser melting lattice structures: A review of approaches
Authors: Alomar Z , Concli F
Published: March 2021

With the recent development of metal additive manufacturing processes, the fabrication of lattice structures became more feasible. Mainly, with the selective laser melting process, lattices of various topologies have been designed and manufactured with superior properties. Their excellent characteristics have drawn the attention of major leading industrial sectors. Nevertheless, their full-scale adoption is still limited, owing to the lack of a standard numerical model that can accurately represent the lattices’ mechanical and failure response. The main challenge in developing such a model is the high computational cost associated with the fine three-dimensional meshes of the struts. Besides, the need to incorporate the struts’ defects into the finite element model while also accounting for the material behavior significantly increases the complexity of the model. In this context, this paper presents a review of the numerical models explicitly developed to simulate the lattices’ behavior. The potential of modeling lattices at the macro-scale level using reduce order elements will also be discussed. Overall, the aim of this paper is first to identify the important numerical parameters needed to construct the optimum numerical setup, and second to pinpoint the gaps that can be worked upon to develop a more reliable and computationally effective model.
Experimental characterization and validation by FEM analyses of a 3D-printed support
Authors: Cosmi F , Dal Maso A
Published: March 2021

Devices for training of healthcare specialists are widespread applications of 3D printing. BES TEST™ is an innovative test for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and similar bone diseases, based on mechanical simulations performed on a virtual biopsy of the patient’s fingers, obtained by radiograms. Operator training is performed on a phantom hand, which is held in place by a specifically-designed support, which was 3D printed using stereolithography (SLA) with Formlabs Tough V5™ resin. Our aim is twofold: (1) perform a mechanical characterization of the resin and (2) verify that the obtained material characteristics can be used for the design of 3D-printed parts, in particular the phantom hand support. Tensile tests were performed following ISO-527. FEM analyses were carried out on the support CAD model adopting the experimentally-obtained material properties. The calculated displacements were compared with those measured experimentally on the prototype, which was manufactured using the same 3D printing and post-curing parameters as the tensile samples. FEM and experimental results were in very good agreement (error < 5.5%): this confirms that, when studying the mechanical performance of SLA 3D-printed parts, it is good practice to characterize the resin using the same printing and post-curing parameters as the final part.
Investigation of the plastic zone around the crack tip in small-scale pure Titanium specimens by means of Thermal Signal Analysis and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Di Carolo F , Palumbo D , De Finis R , Vasco-Olmo JM , Díaz FA , Galietti U
Published: March 2021

The local plasticity characterizing the area around the crack tip affects the elastic strain field area due to the boundary interaction between the two zones. Its effects on the SIF and on the Paris’ Law are known, hence it must be considered in the crack growth monitoring and the fatigue limit estimation. Among the different approaches developed, those focusing their attention on the interaction between the elastic stress field and the plastic area seems to be more promising in the evaluation of the crack growth behaviour. In this work, an experimental approach was adopted to identify the plastic zone around the crack. In particular the Thermal Signal Analysis was employed and the thermal footprint was compared with shape and size of the plastic zone predicted through the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in combination with two theoretical models: Westergaard’s model for the stress distribution around the crack tip and the more recent Christopher–James–Patterson (CJP) model
Experimental analysis and numerical optimization of a thermoplastic composite in crashworthiness
Authors: Raponi E , Fiumarella D
Published: March 2021

In this work, we present an experimental analysis and a numerical optimization study for the material parameter identification of an impact attenuator made of a brand new All-PP thermoplastic composite material subjected to an axial impact load. After an experimental characterization of the material, a Finite Element (FE) numerical model of the impact attenuator is created and simulated using the LS-DYNA explicit software. Subsequently, in order to capture the force-displacement trend of the crush experimental test, a fine-tuning of some relevant material parameters through surrogate-based optimization techniques is performed. The optimization process mainly consists of (1) defining a set of target points on the load-displacement curve where to evaluate the Mean Squared Error (MSE) between the numerical and the experimental values; (2) using a Design of Experiments technique to provide a sample set on which expensive deterministic simulations are performed; (3) constructing as many surrogate approximations as the number of target points in order to predict how the load values change over the parameters’ domain; (4) predicting an overall MSE surface that is optimized by means of a genetic algorithm in a sequential domain reduction iterative procedure. Results show a good agreement between the numerical and the experimental impact load and energy curves, and hence confirm that surrogate-based optimization is a valuable technique to refine the material parameters in the numerical simulation of composite structures.
An estimation model of suspension loads in explicit multibody simulation
Authors: Cianetti F , Garzia R , Palmieri M , Ambrogi F , Braccesi C
Published: March 2021

Explicit simulation is an extensively tool used by automotive designer both for car-performance analysis in standard operating condition and both in drive-simulator, whom exploits the computational ability of this codes to operate in real-time. The computational capability of these simulation tools however implies a reduced set of information available in simulation results. Regards automotive sector, with a particular focus on suspension system, the confined number of information in structural terms (states of solicitation on components and constraint) can be a strong limitation in their massive use. In this context, the objective of this activity is to propose a calculation method, as simple as accurate, that foresees to characterize the suspension by an implicit multibody model, and then using the information already available in explicit multibody model (wheel motion and external forces at the contact patch) allows estimating whichever force in all points of the suspension. The results obtained with the proposed method were compared with those outcoming from ADAMS/Car supplying in all cases, good results.
Friction dissipation in reciprocating internal combustion engines: camshaft bearings
Authors: Sordo F , Scalzo G , Lavella M
Published: March 2021

The increasing environmental awareness of the last decades has led to a huge tightening of the restrictions on vehicle pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions. Friction dissipation plays a strategic role as its reduction necessarily leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions. Valve timing system is responsible for a significant part of the overall friction losses and provides a relatively wide margin of improvement. This system regulates intake and exhaust flows in the combustion chamber. The camshaft allows the motion transmission between the crankshaft and the valves. The main goal of this research is the friction dissipation modeling in camshaft bearings of reciprocating internal combustion engines. The proposed model is aimed to investigate possible optimization strategies and to evaluate, with an appropriate precision to the design phase, different constructive solutions of the camshaft from the point of view of friction losses. An empiric model for the evaluation of the Stribeck curve was proposed. It allows to estimate friction coefficient explicitly through a continuous function. Then, this study showed that camshaft friction losses optimization is possible, through the careful adjustment of parameters such as number of bearings, camshaft diameter and bearings dimensions.
Laser thermography NDT for the inspection of debonding in titanium based Fibre Metal Laminates
Authors: Montinaro N , Cerniglia D , Pitarresi G
Published: March 2021

Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) describe a number of aerospace-grade layered structural materials where thin metal alloy foils are interleaved with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) plies. The evaluation of bonding integrity in multilayered primary structures is of great importance, as is generally the case with the specific performance requirements of aeronautical applications. This work describes the successful implementation of an Infrared-NDT approach to evaluate debonds in FMLs panel made of Titanium/Graphite (Ti-Gr). The proposed approach uses a flying laser heat-source, raster scanning the surface, in search of defect signatures arising on the temperature distribution profile left by the moving laser, and acquired from the component surface by an IR camera. A numerical simulation of the above NDT approach is proposed and used to investigate the mechanisms allowing to correlate defects signatures to defect features and material thermal response. The outcomes of the model are also evaluated in order to optimize the experimental setup.
Adhesive contact of randomly rough surfaces: experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Violano G , Chateauminois A , Afferrante L
Published: March 2021

The contact mechanics of soft matters is strongly affected by short-range adhesive interactions, which can lead to large deformations and contact instabilities.

In this work, we present both experimental and numerical investigations of the adhesive contact between soft elastic bodies with a Greenwood and Williamson (GW)-like roughness. To investigate the coalescence of neighbour contact spots, surfaces have been designed with overlapping spherical asperities. Normal contact experiments are carried out by using a home-built device. Numerical simulations are performed with the Interacting and Coalescing Hertzian Asperities (ICHA) model, conveniently modified to take account of adhesion according to the Johnson, Kendall & Roberts (JKR) theory.
Additively manufactured Ti6Al4V lattice structures: mechanical characterization and numerical investigation
Authors: Scalet G , Biffi CA , Fiocchi J , Tuissi A , Auricchio F
Published: March 2021

The interest in manufacturing complex devices with integrated extra-functional properties is steadily growing for high technological application fields, such as the aerospace and biomedical ones. Among advanced methods of manufacturing, additive manufacturing allows to produce complex three-dimensional geometries, like lattice structures, which possess mechanical and functional properties unachievable by their constituent materials. The present work investigates Ti6Al4V lattice structures produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) through a combined experimental and numerical campaign. The effects of the relative density of the elementary cell, building direction (along horizontal and vertical building directions), and sample condition (as-built and heat treated at 850°C) on the mechanical properties of the lattice structures are investigated through tensile testing. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the stress/strain distribution due to the different investigated effects. The results provide useful insight into the deformation/failure mechanisms, stress concentrations, and mechanical properties of the studied structures as well as into their correlation to the relative density and printing process parameters. The resulting performances of the lattice structures are compared with the ones of the bulk samples.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of the energetic release during static tensile tests on short fiber reinforced composite material
Authors: Santonocito D
Published: March 2021

In this work, a simple numerical model is presented in order to evaluate the energetic release of short fiber composite PA66GF35 under static tensile tests. The micro-mechanical behavior of the fiber-matrix system was taken into account, as well as the fiber distribution and orientation. Numerical simulation at macro scale level were carried out to predict the temperature evolution of the material under monotonic load. Experimental validation was performed on dog-bone specimens monitoring the surface temperature with an infrared camera. A deviation from the linearity of the thermoelastic effect has been noticed for a stress level below the yielding strength of the material. The analysis of the temperature trend evolution may be a useful aid in order to identify damage initiation within the material that would lead to failure, especially under fatigue load, even adopting a simple and rapid static tensile test.
A phenomenological model for chain transmissions efficiency
Authors: Sgamma M , Bucchi F , Frendo F
Published: March 2021

This work deals with the development of a simplified and time-efficient phenomenological model for chain transmissions efficiency. Firstly, a complete multibody model for a final transmission of a motorcycle is developed in MSC Adams View environment, and is properly validated in terms of efficiency with experimental tests on a real chain system. Results from multibody simulations are used to develop a new analytical model, that relates all the main operating and geometry parameters of the transmission system to the transmission efficiency with simple relations. In particular, the influence of the polygonal effect on system efficiency is investigated, finding a relationship with the angle of the sprockets pitch polygon.

A new parameter, called chain tension efficiency, is introduced to model the distribution of losses within the system. A linear relationship between this parameter and the number of sprockets teeth and with the system efficiency was assumed and validated, with good results. In addition, the dependence of slack span tension from several parameters, like speed, torque and number of teeth of sprockets, is investigated. In particular, it is highly dependent on the chain peripheral speed, both for a centrifugal tension and for a further linear component of tension, which might be originated by friction between links.

The presented simple model can describe the chain system dynamics with low computational effort, allowing the designer to use a smart tool to select the proper transmission parameters. Due to its computational efficiency, the model is also useful for real-time and hardware-in-the-loop simulations.
Expected distances on manifolds of partially oriented flags
Authors: Balch Brenden , Peterson Chris , Shonkwiler Clayton
Published: March 2021

Flag manifolds are generalizations of projective spaces and other Grassmannians: they parametrize flags, which are nested sequences of subspaces in a given vector space. These are important objects in algebraic and differential geometry, but are also increasingly being used in data science, where many types of data are properly understood as subspaces rather than vectors. In this paper we discuss partially oriented flag manifolds, which parametrize flags in which some of the subspaces may be endowed with an orientation. We compute the expected distance between random points on some low-dimensional examples, which we view as a statistical baseline against which to compare the distances between particular partially oriented flags coming from geometry or data.
Blow-up conditions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in terms of sequentially defined Besov spaces
Authors: Bae Hantaek
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce sequentially defined Besov spaces adapted to the scaling invariant property of the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We first show that these spaces are Banach spaces. We then establish regularity conditions in these spaces.
Uniqueness theorems for Fourier quasicrystals and temperate distributions with discrete support
Authors: Favorov S.
Published: March 2021

It is proved that if some points of the supports of two Fourier quasicrystals approach each other while tending to infinity and the same is true for the masses at these points, then these quasicrystals coincide. A similar statement is obtained for a certain class of discrete temperate distributions.
Non-polyhedral effective cones from the moduli space of curves
Authors: Mullane Scott
Published: March 2021

We show that the pseudoeffective cone of divisors

Eff
¯

1

(

M

¯

g

,

n

)

\overline {\text {Eff}}^1(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{{g}, {n}})

for

g
≥
2

g\geq 2

and

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

is not polyhedral by showing that the class of the fibre of the morphism forgetting one point forms an extremal ray of the dual nef cone of curves

Nef
¯

1

(

M

¯

g

,

n

)

\overline {\text {Nef}}_1(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{{g}, {n}})

and the cone at this ray is not polyhedral.
Reduction techniques for the finitistic dimension
Authors: Green Edward , Psaroudakis Chrysostomos , Solberg Øyvind
Published: March 2021

In this paper we develop new reduction techniques for testing the finiteness of the finitistic dimension of a finite dimensional algebra over a field. Viewing the latter algebra as a quotient of a path algebra, we propose two operations on the quiver of the algebra, namely arrow removal and vertex removal. The former gives rise to cleft extensions and the latter to recollements. These two operations provide us new practical methods to detect algebras of finite finitistic dimension. We illustrate our methods with many examples.
mi-IsoNet: systems-scale microRNA landscape reveals rampant isoform-mediated gain of target interaction diversity and signaling specificity
Authors: Guo Li , Li Yongsheng , Cirillo Kara M , Marick Robert A , Su Zhe , Yin Xing , Hua Xu , Mills Gordon B , Sahni Nidhi , Yi S Stephen
Published: March 2021

MicroRNA (miRNA) is not a single sequence, but a series of multiple variants (also termed isomiRs) with sequence and expression heterogeneity. Whether and how these isoforms contribute to functional variation and complexity at the systems and network levels remain largely unknown. To explore this question systematically, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of small RNAs and their target sites to interrogate functional variations between novel isomiRs and their canonical miRNA sequences. Our analyses of the pan-cancer landscape of miRNA expression indicate that multiple isomiRs generated from the same miRNA locus often exhibit remarkable variation in their sequence, expression and function. We interrogated abundant and differentially expressed 5′ isomiRs with novel seed sequences via seed shifting and identified many potential novel targets of these 5′ isomiRs that would expand interaction capabilities between small RNAs and mRNAs, rewiring regulatory networks and increasing signaling circuit complexity. Further analyses revealed that some miRNA loci might generate diverse dominant isomiRs that often involved isomiRs with varied seeds and arm-switching, suggesting a selective advantage of multiple isomiRs in regulating gene expression. Finally, experimental validation indicated that isomiRs with shifted seed sequences could regulate novel target mRNAs and therefore contribute to regulatory network rewiring. Our analysis uncovers a widespread expansion of isomiR and mRNA interaction networks compared with those seen in canonical small RNA analysis; this expansion suggests global gene regulation network perturbations by alternative small RNA variants or isoforms. Taken together, the variations in isomiRs that occur during miRNA processing and maturation are likely to play a far more complex and plastic role in gene regulation than previously anticipated.
Characteristics Associated With Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ontario, Canada: A Cohort Study
Authors: Paul Lauren A , Daneman Nick , Brown Kevin A , Johnson James , van Ingen Trevor , Joh Eugene , Wilson Sarah E , Buchan Sarah A
Published: March 2021

Background

Within-household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been identified as one of the main sources of spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after lockdown restrictions and self-isolation guidelines are implemented. Secondary attack rates among household contacts are estimated to be 5–10 times higher than among non-household contacts, but it is unclear which individuals are more prone to transmit infection within their households.

Methods

Using address matching, a cohort was assembled of all individuals with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 residing in private households in Ontario, Canada. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare characteristics of cases in households that experienced secondary transmission versus those that did not. Logistic regression models were fit to determine index case characteristics and neighborhood characteristics associated with transmission.

Results

Between January and July 2020, there were 26 714 individuals with COVID-19 residing in 21 226 households. Longer testing delays (≥5 vs 0 days; odds ratio [OR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53–3.60) and male gender (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18–1.38) were associated with greater odds of household secondary transmission, while being a healthcare worker (OR, .56; 95% CI, .50–.62) was associated with lower odds of transmission. Neighborhoods with larger average family size and a higher proportion of households with multiple persons per room were also associated with greater odds of transmission.

Conclusions

It is important for individuals to get tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection as soon as symptoms appear, and to isolate away from household contacts; this is particularly important in neighborhoods with large family sizes and/or crowded households.
Cardiovascular informatics: building a bridge to data harmony
Authors: Caufield John Harry , Sigdel Dibakar , Fu John , Choi Howard , Guevara-Gonzalez Vladimir , Wang Ding , Ping Peipei
Published: March 2021

The search for new strategies for better understanding cardiovascular (CV) disease is a constant one, spanning multitudinous types of observations and studies. A comprehensive characterization of each disease state and its biomolecular underpinnings relies upon insights gleaned from extensive information collection of various types of data. Researchers and clinicians in CV biomedicine repeatedly face questions regarding which types of data may best answer their questions, how to integrate information from multiple datasets of various types, and how to adapt emerging advances in machine learning and/or artificial intelligence to their needs in data processing. Frequently lauded as a field with great practical and translational potential, the interface between biomedical informatics and CV medicine is challenged with staggeringly massive datasets. Successful application of computational approaches to decode these complex and gigantic amounts of information becomes an essential step toward realizing the desired benefits. In this review, we examine recent efforts to adapt informatics strategies to CV biomedical research: automated information extraction and unification of multifaceted -omics data. We discuss how and why this interdisciplinary space of CV Informatics is particularly relevant to and supportive of current experimental and clinical research. We describe in detail how open data sources and methods can drive discovery while demanding few initial resources, an advantage afforded by widespread availability of cloud computing-driven platforms. Subsequently, we provide examples of how interoperable computational systems facilitate exploration of data from multiple sources, including both consistently formatted structured data and unstructured data. Taken together, these approaches for achieving data harmony enable molecular phenotyping of CV diseases and unification of CV knowledge.
Learning from 80 years of studies: a comprehensive catalogue of non-Saccharomycesyeasts associated with viticulture and winemaking
Authors: Drumonde-Neves João , Fernandes Ticiana , Lima Teresa , Pais Célia , Franco-Duarte Ricardo
Published: March 2021

Non-Saccharomyces yeast species are nowadays recognized for their impact on wine´s chemical composition and sensorial properties. In addition, new interest has been given to the commercial exploitation of non-Saccharomyces starter cultures in the wine sector. However, over many years, these yeast species were considered sources of contamination in wine production and conservation, mainly due to the high levels of volatile acidity obtained. The present manuscript systematizes 80 years of literature describing non-Saccharomyces yeast species isolated from grapes and/or grape musts. A link between each reference, the accepted taxonomic name of each species and their geographical occurrence is presented, compiling information for 293 species, in a total of 231 citations. One major focus of this work relates to the isolation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts from grapevines usually ignored in most sampling studies, also as isolation from damaged grapes. These particular niches are sources of specific yeast species, which are not identified in most other explored environments. These yeasts have high potential to be explored for important and diversified biotechnological applications.