bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cognitive Appraisals of Communication Competence in Conflict Interactions: A Study Involving Western and Chinese Cultures
Authors: Brew Frances P. , Tan Justin , Booth Helen , Malik Irum
Published: June 2011

This study investigated differences between people from Western and Chinese cultures on perceived competence (effectiveness and appropriateness) of the other party’s communication during conflict. First, a pilot study with 30 employees in Singapore examined appraisals of communication competence in recalled intercultural conflict incidents. Western expatriates judged competence of the other party mainly on whether the communication style was direct and engaged, deemed to be judgments of effectiveness. However, host-nationals judged competence mainly on interactional skills and cultural knowledge, deemed to be judgments of appropriateness. Following the pilot study, a quasi-experimental study (128 Australian and 108 Chinese university students) showed that Australians discriminated between four different types of conflict styles more distinctly with effectiveness than appropriateness judgments and vice versa for Chinese. This supports the pilot work. Furthermore, both effectiveness and appropriateness judgments predicted relationship outcomes postconflict for both groups. For Australians, the trend of effectiveness judgments across the four conflict styles paralleled exactly the trend of their predictions for how much the relationship would improve postconflict, whereas their appropriateness judgments did not. For Chinese, neither competency judgments mirrored predictions on relationship improvement. However, their appropriateness judgments paralleled their predictions for level of status quo maintenance, but their effectiveness judgments did not. The evidence supports the hypothesis that people from different cultures hold dissimilar implicit cognitive theories of what defines in/competent communication in interpersonal conflict. The potent association of competency judgments with relational outcomes signals a new cognitive direction for conflict research, long fixated on behavioral manifestations.
Applications of artificial intelligence in the apparel industry: a review
Authors: Guo ZX , Wong WK , Leung SYS , Li Min
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a systematic review on the state-of-art of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the apparel industry. The existing literature is reviewed based on different research issues and AI-based methodologies. The research issues are categorized into four categories on the basis of the operation processes of the apparel industry, including apparel design, manufacturing, retailing, and supply chain management. This paper shows that research on AI applications in the apparel industry is still limited by analyzing the limitations of previous studies and research challenges. Finally, suggestions for further studies are offered.
Impact of structure and yarn colour on UV properties and air permeability of multilayer cotton woven fabrics
Authors: Urbas Raša , Kostanjšek Klara , Dimitrovski Krste
Published: June 2011

The aim of our work was to establish whether very good to excellent UV (ultraviolet) protective properties of fabrics can be obtained through a suitable fabric construction and yarn colour, at the same time ensuring suitable air permeability.

 For this purpose, six different fabric structures divided into three groups were employed. The samples were made in blue and red combinations of weft with different sequences and proportions between the upper and lower weave threads. A comparison of different fabric structures and colours was attempted to enable the assessment of the impact of the mentioned parameters on both, UV protective properties and air permeability of fabrics.

 The analysis comprised the investigation of physical and permeability properties, as well as the colour measurements on twelve different cotton fabrics.

 The research indicated excellent UV protection (>60) in all samples. UV protection depended on their construction and in a sufficiently closed structure, also on the colour of the used yarn. There was no significant difference between the samples in blue and red. In addition to excellent UV protection, four samples (one double-weft and three double fabrics) also demonstrated very high air permeability, which was 3–5 times higher than in the one-layer sample, which demonstrated the best UV protective properties.

 The research has shown that fabrics with a very high ultraviolet protective factor value and good air permeability can be made by using a suitable construction and yarn colours that sufficiently absorb UV light; the latter being particularly important for light summer cotton clothes.
Utopia reconsidered: Two levels of perfection in society
Authors: Lepojärvi Jason
Published: June 2011

Every person has wondered whether idealism without naïveté or realism without cynicism is possible. In common parlance, utopia is not only eu-topic (a place of the good), but also forever a-topic (without place). Who is right: the idealist who believes, or the realist who disbelieves, in the possibility of a perfect society? This article suggests that utopia both is and is not possible. There are two ways to understand the idea of a “perfect society.” In an absolutely perfect society there is no reality of sin. Given this reality, however, in some societies it nonetheless is easier to be good. Thus, a certain level of perfection is possible: the best possible level. The often ignored principle of the two levels of perfection may diffuse tensions, close off powerful temptations towards naïveté and cynicism, and give birth to new openings in political and theological discussion.
The Theology of Joseph Ratzinger: Nuclear Ideas
Authors: Blanco Pablo
Published: June 2011

After a brief historical excursus, on Ratzinger’s masters and the historical sources of theology, I make reference to what I call the sources of his theology: Scripture, liturgy, the Church and the arts constitute starting points for his theology. Later come the so-called basics: first, the person, who presents his or her solidarity with faith and reason, truth and love. Ratzinger is deeply marked by the “experience of the Council”, the doctrine of which applies to ecumenism, the theology of the ministry and even ideas on preaching, eschatology and mariology. So, here I address the area of praxis: as a bishop, Ratzinger has developed his preaching on the theology of creation and the eucharistic mystery and, as prefect, his focus of interest has broadened towards the catechism, Christ and other religions, without forgetting a brief reflection on the Christian roots of Europe.
Cornel West, biblical transparency, and American historical amnesia
Authors: Bembry Jason
Published: June 2011

The Old Testament writers often evince a willingness to tell the truth about the past even when the purpose for doing so is either not immediately clear or seemingly counterproductive. I will suggest that such transparency has a theological significance for people today. I then move to the work of Cornel West who has called for a reversal of American historical amnesia, the widespread tendency in America to evade the difficult episodes of our nation’s past. So this article combines the biblical testimony about Israel’s infelicitous past with the contemporary call to apply that same transparent introspection within American culture.
Explaining children’s over-use of definites in partitive contexts
Authors: De Cat Cécile
Published: June 2011

Partitive contexts are those in which a set of similar individuals has been introduced, and the speaker needs to refer to one of them. If that referent has not yet been individualized in the context, the only adult-like option is to refer to it with an indefinite. But in such contexts, children have been shown to often produce (illicit) definites. In comprehension, if children are made to identify a referent in a partitive context, they do not always interpret correctly the definiteness clues in the input, and tend to interpret definites as if they were indefinite. This article reviews production and comprehension studies in light of new experimental data, and argues that children’s errors in this type of context are due to processing limitations.
A multidimensional examination of New Zealand family involvement in education
Authors: Garbacz S. Andrew , Sheridan Susan M.
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this study was to preliminarily examine family involvement with the primary caregivers of a specific population of New Zealand primary school students through a pilot validation of a New Zealand version of the Family Involvement Questionnaire, Elementary Version (FIQ-E; Manz, Fantuzzo, & Power, 2004). Participants were 285 primary caregivers of children attending primary school in Dunedin, New Zealand. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine the factor structure of the New Zealand version of the FIQ-E. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a factor structure similar to the original FIQ-E; however, fewer and different items loaded onto the common factors. Implications for these findings, including differences in the factor structure and intercultural family involvement research, are explored.
The development of concepts of loneliness during the early years in school
Authors: Liepins Maureen , Cline Tony
Published: June 2011

Earlier research has confirmed that loneliness is a universal phenomenon, experienced by children and adults. Few reports have been published of investigations of experiences of loneliness among school children in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to investigate how the ideas about loneliness held by British children develop during the early years in school. Evidence was sought for developmental trends in the content of interview responses about loneliness from 85 children aged between 5- and 10-years-old. Throughout this age range the children who were interviewed demonstrated willingness and ability to discuss and describe loneliness. They portrayed loneliness as a negative experience and a multidimensional phenomenon, experienced in a range of locations including school. There were developmental trends in the consistency with which children differentiated between feeling lonely and simply being alone. The youngest children were less likely than others to attribute a feeling of loneliness at school to being separated or excluded from friendship groups. Evidence was found of children’s ability to describe psychological loneliness, attributing this to feelings of rejection, difference, lack of familiarity, or personal loss. Implications for future research and for teachers and educational psychologists are discussed.
Family Inclusion in Diabetes Education: A Nationwide Survey of Diabetes Educators
Authors: Denham Sharon A. , Ware Lezlee J. , Raffle Holly , Leach Kimberly
Published: June 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions about family inclusion and support in diabetes self-management education.

Methods

Surveys were mailed to certified diabetes educators (CDEs) in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with a return of 225 surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistics (eg, t test, analysis of variance, correlation, and chi-square) were used as appropriate.

Results

Levels of importance placed on family involvement in diabetes education were significantly related to the emphasis placed on family during CDEs’ formal or preprofessional education. CDEs’ formal exposure to family theory influenced perceptions of their knowledge about family and the frequency that family support was emphasized in self-management activities but was unrelated to perceptions of their skillfulness in educating family members. Diabetes educators’ personal values of family support were significantly related to how frequently family members were asked to participate in formal diabetes education classes. CDEs perceived that they were meeting individuals’ self-management needs significantly better than those of families. Regional differences did not appear to be a factor in how CDEs incorporated family in diabetes education.

Conclusions

Diabetes educators without formal exposure to family theory may be overestimating how much they emphasize family support in diabetes education. Increasing formal education about the importance of family involvement in self-management behaviors could positively affect individual diabetes self-management outcomes.
A Technique with Manipulator‐Assisted Endoscope Guidance for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Fischer Miloš , Gröbner Christina , Dietz Andreas , Krinninger Maximillian , Lüth Tim C. , Strauß Gero
Published: June 2011

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine the theoretical feasibility of a new manipulator system for endoscope guidance in functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Study Design

The accuracy of endoscope positioning and time of endoscope movement with an endoscope manipulator system were determined with an artificial sinus model.

Setting

A laboratory trial was performed. The time for 60 repetitions of manual compared to manipulator‐assisted endoscope movements directed at 3 different target positions was evaluated. In addition, the alignment of the position vector for each endoscope movement was examined.

Subjects and Methods

A zero‐degree Hopkins II telescope with a camera was used to head for the target positions. First, the endoscope movements were done manually, and afterward the endoscope manipulator system was used for endoscope guidance. The alignment of the position vector of the endoscope was measured with a portable measuring arm.

Results

There was no statistical difference between the time for manual and manipulator‐assisted endoscope movements for all target positions. The alignment of the position vector of the endoscope was statistically different at 2 target positions: anterior ethmoid left side and ostium of maxillary sinus left side. There was no statistical difference at all other positions.

Conclusion

The endoscope manipulator system has the potential to be integrated into the operating workflow without extending the time for endoscope guidance. The surgeon will be able to use both hands for the manipulation of the instruments. Less frequent endoscope movements and instrument changes may be expected after technical modification.
Gustatory Function after Radiofrequency Tongue Base Reduction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Eun Young Gyu , Shin Seung Youp , Byun Jae Yong , Kim Myung Gu , Lee Kun Hee , Kim Sung Wan
Published: June 2011

Objectives

To investigate the changes in gustatory function as a complication after radiofrequency tongue base reduction (RTBR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design

Before‐and‐after study.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐four patients with suspected velopharyngeal collapse only underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP group). Twenty‐five patients with velopharyngeal and retrolingual collapse underwent concurrent UPPP with RTBR (RTBR group). All patients were evaluated before surgery and at 1 and 4 weeks after surgical treatment. A questionnaire was given to assess symptoms of hypogeusia, dysgeusia, hyposmia, and sensation of the tongue. Electrogustometry (EGM) in 4 areas was used to determine gustatory function.

Results

Postoperative values for subjective symptoms did not significantly change following surgical treatment in either group. EGM thresholds of all tested in both groups did not significantly change 1 week and 4 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions

Gustatory function remained unchanged after RTBR in patients with OSA. The authors suggest that RTBR is a safe procedure in terms of taste sensation in OSA patients.
Framing Pictures, Picturing Frames: Visual Metaphors in Political Communications Research
Authors: Frosh Paul
Published: June 2011

What does the conceptual indebtedness to visual metaphors portend for the study of communication? And what can be learned about the metaphoricity of concepts, and their impact upon analytical discourse, from the use of images and visual tropes in communication studies? Focusing on the place of the visual within the theoretical discourse of political communication research, this article asks whether reliance on key visual metaphors tends systematically to encourage certain kinds of thinking about communication—and the kinds of power relationships that communication seemingly entails—while discouraging others. Exploring two interrelated terms—“picturing” and the ubiquitous “framing”—it attempts to shed light on their conceptual proclivities by taking cues from their operations as modes of visual representation.
The Path to Madness
Authors: Cecil Matthew
Published: June 2011

Between 1950 and 1954, Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade created a schism in the journalistic interpretive community with publishers and editors being forced by the public nature of their work to choose sides. When he called New York Post Editor James A. Wechsler before his committee in 1953 to answer for his newspaper’s editorial policy, McCarthy brought that schism into clear focus. Wechsler’s determination to obtain the release of the hearing transcript as evidence of McCarthy’s true aims led to his capitulation with McCarthy’s demands that he name names. In the aftermath of his appearance, Wechsler asked his journalistic colleagues to determine whether or not a congressional inquiry into editorial policy constituted a threat to press freedom. In a time clouded by the madness of McCarthyism and despite the clarity of Wechsler’s argument that intimidation of any journalist represents a threat to all, the brightest editors of the time were unable to agree even with that fundamental assertion.
The mixed blessing of autonomy in digital cultural production: A study on filmmaking, press photography and architecture in Austria
Authors: Sperlich Regina
Published: June 2011

Basing its findings on an ethnographic study, this article examines the digital transformation of cultural production in film and video, press photography and architecture in Austria since the beginning of the 1990s. The focus is on cost structures of the means of production, occupational roles and working methods of the content creators. It is argued that the use of digital means of production allows a single person or a small enterprise to realize several or all production stages alone, removing the need to divide the labour. Yet, the increased autonomy connected to this universal approach must be regarded as a mixed blessing. It may imply not only easier entrance to the market for cultural workers, but also fiercer competition and precarious working conditions, especially for individual cultural entrepreneurs.
Power to the frame: Bringing sociology back to frame analysis
Authors: Vliegenthart Rens , van Zoonen Liesbet
Published: June 2011

This article critically reviews current frame and framing research in media and communication studies. It is first argued that most authors fail to distinguish between ‘frame’ and ‘framing’ and therewith produce a conceptual confusion and imprecision that is not conducive to the field. Second, it is argued that current frame and framing research ignore sociological research about news production and news audiences that reached its zenith in the 1980s and is still conceptually and methodologically relevant to much current frame and framing research. As a result, a notion of power is absent from most current frame and framing research. By discussing — on the basis of key literature — what a news ‘frame’ is, how it comes about and how it is of consequence successively, these claims are substantiated and research directions for improving the field are indicated.
Suspicious minds: Explaining political cynicism among political journalists in Europe
Authors: van Dalen Arjen , Albæk Erik , de Vreese Claes
Published: June 2011

Critics claim that journalists spread a cynical view of politics, as their relation with politicians is characterized by mistrust and hyper-adversarialism. To gain an insight into how cynical journalists themselves are about politics and how this can be explained, this article investigates the role relationship between politicians and journalists in four European countries with different political communication systems. The empirical basis for the study is a survey of over 400 political reporters from the UK, Denmark, Germany and Spain. Compared to their colleagues in Northern Europe, Spanish journalists have the most cynical view of politicians, which can partly be explained by feelings of political pressure. Journalists are cynical when they have a negative view of the role of spin doctors and believe that politicians use the media as a podium where they can be in the spotlight. The possible influence of journalists’ political attitudes on news content is discussed.
Effects of an incinerator project on a healthcare-waste management system
Authors: Khammaneechan Patthanasak , Okanurak Kamolnetr , Sithisarankul Pornchai , Tantrakarnapa Kraichat , Norramit Poonsup
Published: June 2011

This evaluative research study aimed to assess the effects of the central healthcare incinerator project on waste management in Yala Province. The study data were collected twice: at baseline and during the operational phase. A combination of structured interview and observation were used during data collection. The study covered 127 healthcare facilities: government hospitals, healthcare centres, and private clinics. The results showed 63% of healthcare risk waste (HCRW) handlers attended the HCRW management training. Improvements in each stage of the HCRW management system were observed in all groups of facilities. The total cost of the HCRW management system did not change, however; the costs for hospitals decreased, whereas those for clinics increased significantly. It was concluded that the central healthcare waste incinerator project positively affected HCRW management in the area, although the costs of management might increase for a particular group. However, the benefits of changing to a more appropriately managed HCRW system will outweigh the increased costs.
4 June and Charter 08: Approaches to remonstrance
Authors: Potter Pitman B.
Published: June 2011

This article will examine the dissident human rights document circulated in China under the title ‘Charter 08’ by comparison with the 4 June 1989 democracy movement as exercises of popular remonstrance. The document entitled ‘Charter 08’ juxtaposes continued deprivation of human rights in China with continued reliance on ineffective and corrupt institutions of the rule of law and concludes that China has many laws but lacks the rule of law. Charter 08 offers a series of principles and policy proposals for wide-ranging legal and political reform, from constitutional reforms to a proposal for a truth and reconciliation process that will confront the tragedies of China’s political history and build a foundation for future unity. The 4 June democracy movement in Beijing and other cities in China centred on similar concerns around political and legal reform — particularly the need to curb corruption and build institutional restraints against abuse of power by officials. This article will examine similarities and differences between Charter 08 and 4 June as a way to further understanding of the potential legacy of Charter 08 in the discourse of political and legal reform in China.
Western ostracism and China’s presence in Africa
Authors: Caniglia Laura
Published: June 2011

Viewed within the context of China’s history, development, and present conditions on the one hand and the geopolitical and economic situation on the other hand, this article argues that China’s increased presence in Africa is the result of China seizing opportunities which arose in the wake of ostracism by major developed countries in their response to Chinese acquisitions in the energy field, rather than a carefully planned policy programme on the part of the Chinese. The consequence of China turning its attention to Africa to gain access to natural resources has been an increase in overall Chinese investments, as the central government has come to realize the full potential of Africa as a business partner.
Progress, problems, and prospects of dam-induced displacement and resettlement in China
Authors: Wilmsen Brooke
Published: June 2011

The construction of large dams continues apace in many developing countries. This is no more evident than in China, where half of the world’s large dams are now located. A decade ago the World Commission on Dams released its review of large dams around the world. The report provided a framework for the decision-making of governments, donors, policymakers, planners, and dam builders across seven strategic priorities: to gain acceptance; assess options; address existing dams; sustain rivers and livelihoods; recognize entitlements and secure benefits; ensure compliance; and share rivers across boundaries. Using the strategic priorities as a frame for analysis, this article reviews the progress made by the Chinese government over the last 10 years with respect to addressing the human casualties of large dam construction. It identifies specific frailties and strengths in Chinese policy and practice. It suggests that a stakeholder satisfaction model that places the affected population at the centre of the accountability structure would ensure that those who are tasked with the administration of resettlement policies are answerable to the affected people. In this way, resettlement from large dams can become truly people-centred.
Investigation of turbocharged diesel engine operation, exhaust emissions, and combustion noise radiation during starting under cold, warm, and hot conditions
Authors: Rakopoulos C D , Dimaratos A M , Giakoumis E G
Published: June 2011

Control of performance and transient emissions from turbocharged diesel engines is an important objective for automotive manufacturers, since stringent criteria for exhaust emissions must be met. In particular, (cold) starting is of exceptional importance owing to its significant contribution to the overall emissions during a transient test cycle. In the present work, experimental tests were conducted on a turbocharged and after-cooled bus–truck diesel engine in order to investigate the engine operating behaviour and the formation mechanisms of nitric oxide, smoke, and combustion noise during cold, warm, and hot starting. With this as a target, a fully instrumented test bed was set up, using ultra-fast response analysers capable of capturing the instantaneous development of emissions and various key engine and turbocharger parameters. The experimental test pattern included a variety of starting conditions, defined by the thermal status of the engine (i.e. the coolant temperature) and its idling speed. As expected, turbocharger lag was found to be the major contributor for the pollutant emissions spikes in all cases, with the thermal status of the engine and its idling speed playing important roles in the combustion (in)stability, turbocharger response, and noise radiation.
Development of a transonic wind tunnel to investigate engine bypass flow heat exchangers
Authors: Villafañe L , Paniagua G , Kaya M , Bajusz D , Hiernaux S
Published: June 2011

The design of a new transonic wind tunnel to reproduce bypass aero-engine flow conditions is described. This study has been driven by the interest to investigate and optimize the aero-thermal effects of an air/oil integrated surface heat exchanger placed at the inner wall of the secondary duct of a turbofan. The test section of the intermittent wind tunnel consists of a complex three-dimensional (3D) geometry. The flow evolves over the splitter, duplicated at real scale, as it does in the engine, guided by helicoidally shaped lateral walls. Numerical flow analyses have been used to guide the design of the complete wind tunnel. Zero-dimensional models have been developed to recreate the wind tunnel behaviour. Two- and three-dimensional computations have been performed to optimize the test section and the inlet guide vanes that duplicate the flow downstream of the engine fan. The reproduction of the bypass flow structure has been numerically analysed. Flow computations with and without the presence of instrumentation in the test section have been contrasted. Additionally, the influence of an aerodynamic probe on the flow has been studied numerically. This study should lead to improvements in the thermal management of future aircraft power plants, particularly by taking benefit of the cold bypass air to refrigerate the lubrication oil, without penalizing the propulsive efficiency.
Awareness Becomes Necessary Between Adaptive Pattern Coding of Open and Closed Curvatures
Authors: Sweeny Timothy D. , Grabowecky Marcia , Suzuki Satoru
Published: June 2011

Visual pattern processing becomes increasingly complex along the ventral pathway, from the low-level coding of local orientation in the primary visual cortex to the high-level coding of face identity in temporal visual areas. Previous research using pattern aftereffects as a psychophysical tool to measure activation of adaptive feature coding has suggested that awareness is relatively unimportant for the coding of orientation, but awareness is crucial for the coding of face identity. We investigated where along the ventral visual pathway awareness becomes crucial for pattern coding. Monoptic masking, which interferes with neural spiking activity in low-level processing while preserving awareness of the adaptor, eliminated open-curvature aftereffects but preserved closed-curvature aftereffects. In contrast, dichoptic masking, which spares spiking activity in low-level processing while wiping out awareness, preserved open-curvature aftereffects but eliminated closed-curvature aftereffects. This double dissociation suggests that adaptive coding of open and closed curvatures straddles the divide between weakly and strongly awareness-dependent pattern coding.
Twice Upon a Time
Authors: Roseboom Warrick , Arnold Derek H.
Published: June 2011

Audiovisual timing perception can recalibrate following prolonged exposure to asynchronous auditory and visual inputs. It has been suggested that this might contribute to achieving perceptual synchrony for auditory and visual signals despite differences in physical and neural signal times for sight and sound. However, given that people can be concurrently exposed to multiple audiovisual stimuli with variable neural signal times, a mechanism that recalibrates all audiovisual timing percepts to a single timing relationship could be dysfunctional. In the experiments reported here, we showed that audiovisual temporal recalibration can be specific for particular audiovisual pairings. Participants were shown alternating movies of male and female actors containing positive and negative temporal asynchronies between the auditory and visual streams. We found that audiovisual synchrony estimates for each actor were shifted toward the preceding audiovisual timing relationship for that actor and that such temporal recalibrations occurred in positive and negative directions concurrently. Our results show that humans can form multiple concurrent estimates of appropriate timing for audiovisual synchrony.
Changes in the expression of telomere maintenance genes might play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhou JG , Qing YF , Yang QB , Xie WG , Zhao MC
Published: June 2011

Previous studies demonstrated that telomerase activity increased while telomere length shortened in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to examine the changes of telomere maintenance genes and their clinical significance in SLE. The mRNA level of telomeric proteins in PBMCs, including shelterin complex (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, TPP1, TIN2 and hRAP1), a set of multifunctional proteins involved in telomere maintenance (MRE11, KU80 and RPA1), and Ki67, was measured using real-time quantitative PCR in 56 SLE patients (36 treated and 20 untreated; 32 with renal involvement and 24 without renal involvement) and 46 healthy subjects (controls). The expression of TPP1, TIN2, POT1 and KU80 was significantly reduced while that of TRF2 and MRE11 increased in SLE patients ( p < 0.05, respectively); significant difference was not found in the expression of TRF1, hRAP1, RPA1 and Ki67 ( p > 0.05, respectively). The expression of TRF2, MRE11 and Ki67 was much higher in untreated SLE patients than in controls or treated SLE patients ( p < 0.05, respectively); the expression of hRAP1 was much higher in SLE patients with renal involvement than in controls or SLE patients without renal involvement ( p < 0.05, respectively). Significant positive correlation was found between level of KU80 and C3, TPP1 and TIN2, TPP1 and POT1, while significant negative correlation was found between KU80 and serum total globulins, TIN2 and RF, TPP1 and SLEDAI score ( p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, altered expression of telomere maintenance genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Further study in expression and functions of telomeric proteins would be needed.
A retrospective study of pulmonary infarction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from southern Taiwan
Authors: Weng CT , Chung TJ , Liu MF , Weng MY , Lee CH , Chen JY , Wu AB , Lin BW , Luo CY , Hsu SC , Lee BF , Tsai HM , Chao SC , Wang JY , Chen TY , Chen CW , Chang HY , Wang CR
Published: June 2011

Since large-scale reports of pulmonary infarction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited, a retrospective study was performed for this manifestation in 773 hospitalized patients in southern Taiwan from 1999 to 2009. Pulmonary infarction was defined as the presence of pulmonary embolism, persistent pulmonary infiltrates, and characteristic clinical symptoms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological images data were analyzed. There were 12 patients with pulmonary embolism and 9 of them had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Six patients (19 to 53 years, average 38.2 ± 12.6) with 9 episodes of lung infarction were identified. All cases were APS and four episodes had coincidental venous thromboembolism. There were four episodes of bilateral infarction and seven episodes of larger central pulmonary artery embolism. Heparin therapy was routinely prescribed and thrombolytic agents were added in two episodes. Successful recovery was noted in all patients. In conclusion, there was a 0.8% incidence of pulmonary infarction in patients with SLE, all with the risk factor of APS. Differentiation between pulmonary infarction and pneumonia in lupus patients should be made; they have similar chest radiography with lung consolidation but require a different clinical approach in management. Although this report is a retrospective study with relatively small numbers of lupus patients with lung infarcts, our observation might provide beneficial information on the clinical features and radiological presentations during the disease evolution of pulmonary infarction in SLE with APS.
Validation of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, Mandarin Chinese Version (CH-ASSQ) in Beijing, China
Authors: Guo Yan-Qing , Tang Yilang , Rice Catherine , Lee Li-Ching , Wang Yu-Feng , Cubells Joseph F.
Published: June 2011

Background: This study screened children in Beijing, China, in order to establish the validity of a Mandarin Chinese translation of the ASSQ.

Methods: We recruited children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) (DSM-IV diagnoses made independently by two senior psychiatrists) and unaffected children attending a public school in Beijing. Their parents were asked to complete the CH-ASSQ.

Results: Data from the parents of 94 children with ASD (mean age: 81 ± 47 months), 45 with ADHD (106 ± 27 months), 26 with COS (166 ± 36 months), and 120 unaffected control (72 ± 16 months) were collected. The total scores of ASSQ in children with ASD, ADHD, COS, and unaffected controls were 25.3 ± 9.2, 10.4 ± 7.1, 12.2 ± 10.6, and 5.2 ± 6.6 respectively. Total ASSQ scores of children with ASD were significantly higher than in any other group (all p < .0001). ROC analysis of ASD versus unaffected control subjects showed the area under curve was 0.957, with a cutoff of 12 having the maximum sensitivity (0.957) and specificity (0.825).

Conclusions: Our pilot data suggest that CH-ASSQ successfully differentiates clinically diagnosed ASD patients from unaffected controls, as well as from patients with ADHD and COS. The instrument might therefore be useful for screening for ASD in urban Mandarin Chinese-speaking populations.
A Survey of Fungal Contamination on Books in Public Libraries with Mechanical and Natural Ventilation
Authors: Araújo Reis-Menezes Adriana , Gambale Walderez , Cintra Giudice Mauro
Published: June 2011

Libraries are very propitious environments for the growth of fungi. The great concentration of organic material available for these microorganisms, and often with the lack of adequate ventilation or climate control, would favour this situation. This study was conducted in 2003 to determine the predominant genera of fungi in public libraries by a survey of fungi contaminating the upper surface of books, with and without air conditioning in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in the winter and summer, during the respective periods with high and low levels of airborne fungi in that city. Six libraries were chosen, located on the campus of the University of São Paulo, three of them with air conditioning and the other three with natural ventilation. In these six libraries, 31 genera of fungi were identified in total. The genera and frequency of contaminant fungi recovered differed significantly between the libraries with and without air conditioning and in the samples collected in the summer as opposed to the winter. Cladosporium was the most frequent in the libraries with and without air conditioning, and in the winter. Aspergillus was isolated more often in the summer.
Girl game designers
Authors: Cunningham Carolyn
Published: June 2011

Educational programs designed to bridge the digital divide for girls often aim to increase girls’ technological literacy. However, little research has examined what aspects of technological literacy are highlighted in these programs. In this article, I provide a case study of a video game design workshop hosted by a girls’ advocacy organization. Through observations, interviews, and analysis of program materials, I look at how the organization conceptualizes technological literacy as contributing to gender equality. I compare this conceptualization to how technological literacy was taught in the classroom. Finally, I draw on situated learning theory to help explain how girls responded to the class. In the end, both the organization’s limited notion of how technological literacy could increase gender equality as well as gender and race differences between the teachers and the girls influenced girls’ participation in the workshop.
Digital storytelling in Australia
Authors: Clarke Robert , Adam Andrea
Published: June 2011

This project explored the experiences of a small sample ( N = 6) of Australian academics with the use of digital storytelling as a pedagogical tool in higher education contexts. This article describes two case studies of academic uses of digital storytelling, along with interpretive analysis of six semi-structured interviews of academics working within media and communication studies and their reflections on the potential of digital storytelling to enhance student learning and the student experience. Three consistent themes emerged, based around issues of definition, the need for ‘constructive alignment’, and resource and planning requirements. Academics regarded digital storytelling as a complement to, not a substitute for, conventional methods of learning and assessment such as the critical research essay. Overall, reservations exist regarding the promise of digital storytelling as a pedagogical tool that some academics have recently claimed for it.
Lost in translation
Authors: Mewburn Inger
Published: June 2011

Drawing on empirical research done in the early 1980s, Donald Schön developed the theory of ‘reflective practice’, putting forward the idea that the design studio teacher is a ‘coach’ who helps students align with disciplinary norms and start to ‘think like an architect’. Drawing on actor-network theory as a tool of analysis and way of thinking, this article outlines an alternative, ‘performative’ account of design pedagogy which both challenges and adds to Schön’s explanations of design teaching and learning. Close examination of teachers and students in action shows the teacher to be but one of a host of human and non-human actors, all of whom work to assemble what we call a design studio. Learning to ‘think like an architect’ is but one possible outcome of this assembling process.
Pseudoainhum of the Toe With Underlying Chronic Lower-Limb Ischemia
Authors: Dasari Bobby V. M. , McBrearty Anthony , Lau Louis , Lee Bernard
Published: June 2011

Background. Ainhum and pseudoainhum are the conditions identified by the presence of a constriction band, usually over the extremities. Case details. We report a case of pseudoainhum in a Caucasian female with underlying chronic lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The management of pseudoainhum in patients with PAD is discussed. Conclusion. Revascularization of the limb should be considered in the management of patients with pseudoainhum when it is associated with severe PAD. Improved tissue perfusion prevents further ischemia and reduces the risk of developing nonhealing ulcers.
Muscle Transposition and Circumferential Vacuum-Assisted Closure to Salvage the Knee Joint in Transtibial Amputation of the Leg: Case Report
Authors: Tuncer Serdar , Karaca Sinan
Published: June 2011

Degloving injury is the avulsion of the skin off the underlying muscle and bone, which may also involve the latter structures in high-energy trauma. This study reports the case of a 33-year-old male patient who sustained a motorcycle accident and presented with hypovolemic shock, multiple fractures, and multiplanar degloving injury of the leg. The foot and distal leg was not salvageable, and a transtibial amputation with anterior tranposition of the posterior compartment muscles was performed; however, a circumferential skin necrosis involving the stump and the knee joint occurred. The wound granulated rapidly using circumferential vacuum-assisted closure therapy and subsequently repaired with split thickness skin grafts. The authors found the topical negative pressure using the Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) technique Trademark KCI, Texas, USA, method to be helpful in the care of lower extremity degloving injury, enabling less frequent dressing changes and facilitating formation of granulation tissue with rapid preparation of the wound bed for salvage of the knee joint.
Trust as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Mentoring and Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Fleig-Palmer Michelle M. , Schoorman F. David
Published: June 2011

To be effective, organizations must facilitate knowledge transfer between employees. Mentoring has long been viewed as a vehicle for effective knowledge transfer. The authors break new ground in examining the role of trust as a moderator of the relationship between mentoring and knowledge transfer. Results of a study conducted among employees of a hospital who indicated they had mentors show main effects for both mentoring and trust as well as a significant interaction effect. Implications of these findings for knowledge transfer are discussed.
Impact of revised Task Force Criteria: distinguishing the athlete’s heart from ARVC/D using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Luijkx Tim , Velthuis Birgitta K , Prakken Niek HJ , Cox Moniek GPJ , Bots Michiel L , Mali Willem PThM , Hauer Richard NW , Cramer Maarten J
Published: June 2011

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluation of athletes for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is complicated by overlapping features such as right ventricular (RV) volume increase. The revised ARVC/D diagnostic Task Force Criteria (TFC) incorporate cut-off values for RV ejection fraction (EF) and RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) on CMR.

Design: To distinguish ARVC/D patients from athletes we compared CMR ventricular volumes, function, TFC cut-off values, and LV/RV ratios since athletes show proportionate, and ARVC/D patients disproportionate, changes in LV and RV.

Methods: Quantitative CMR parameters of 33 ARVC/D patients (64% male, mean age 45.4 years, diagnosed by revised TFC), 66 healthy athletes and 66 healthy non-athletes (sex and age matched) were compared using revised TFC and new cut-off values representing LV/RV balance.

Results and conclusions: Absolute values for ARVC/D patients/athletes/non-athletes were: in males, RV EDV 149/133/106 ml/m2, ratio EDV LV/RV 0.70/0.91/0.93, RV EF 34/52/54%, LV EF 48/57/58%, ratio EF LV/RV 1.49/1.10/1.09; and in females, RV EDV 115/115/91 ml/m2, ratio EDV LV/RV 0.86/0.94/0.97, RV EF 43/54/58%, LV EF 52/57/61%, ratio EF LV/RV 1.23/1.08/1.04 ( p-values < 0.05). Areas under the ROC-curve are 0.68 (RV EDV index), 0.84 (LV/RV EDV ratio) and 0.93 (RV EF), demonstrating significantly ( p < 0.001) better performance of RV EF and LV/RV EDV ratio. If a wall motion abnormality is present (observed in 30 ARVC/D patients and not in healthy subjects), RV EF can help distinguish ARVC/D from physiological cardiac adaptation in athletes on CMR whereas RV EDV index cannot. A good alternative in athletes is the LV/RV EDV ratio, representing normal proportionate adaptation of both ventricles.
Induction of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) in airway epithelial cells by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3
Authors: Rigo Isaura , McMahon Laura , Dhawan Puneet , Christakos Sylvia , Yim Sunghan , Ryan Lisa K , Diamond Gill
Published: June 2011

The airway epithelium plays a role in host defense through the binding of innate immune receptors, which leads to the activation of inflammatory mediators, including antimicrobial peptides. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, induces the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in both myeloid cells and airway epithelial cells (AEC). Here, we demonstrate that mRNA encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 was induced up to 12-fold by 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and in well-differentiated cultures of six airway epithelial cell lines from patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy individuals. TREM-2 and DAP12 were also expressed in airway cultures, but not induced by vitamin D. Induction occurs through a vitamin D response element identified in its proximal promoter region, and was regulated by PU.1 expressed in the AEC. Activation of TREM-1 by a cross-linking antibody led to an induction of both human β-defensin-2 and TNF-α mRNA, demonstrating its functionality in these cells. Our results expand on the role played by the airway epithelium in innate immunity and suggest that vitamin D can modulate the innate immune defense of the airway epithelium, and could potentially be developed as an adjunctive therapy for airway infections.