bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace Design of Selected Rice Transplanters for Farm-women Operators
Authors: Gayathri G. , Sam Bini , Chand Priyanka , Kumain Akanksha , Kumar Raushan
Published: December 2024

Background: Modern self-propelled devices consider human factors such as space constraints, control placement, line of sight, comfort and ease of operation. These factors are linked to the operator’s anthropometric and biomechanical parameters. Effective human-machine interface design can enhance productivity, comfort and safety. Methods: An anthropometric survey was conducted among 450 female agricultural workers across three zones of Kerala. The dimensions and clearances of the operator workplace for a selected transplanter were measured based on the seat index and reference points. The data were compared with the anthropometric dimensions to assess the suitability of the transplanters for women operators. Result: Based on the anthropometric data and spatial requirements, seat designs were proposed for Yanji and Redlands transplanters. Recommendations for the operator’s seat include a 39 cm backrest height, 38 cm bottom width, 18 cm open area, 40 ± 3.4 cm length, 43 cm top width, 10 cm seat cushion height and 8 cm backrest cushion height. A 35 cm diameter circular seat is recommended for the helper.
Cassia alata Extract Exerts Antioxidant Power to Mitigate Eimeria papillata-Induced Liver Damage in Mice
Authors: Al-Malki Esam S. , Elshershaby Rabab E. , Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Thagfan Felwa A. , Dkhil Mohamed A. , Kasem Shaimaa M.
Published: December 2024

Background: This study was intended to investigate the prospective role of Cassia alata extract as an anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective agent against Eimeria papillata parasitic infection. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the potential role of Cassia alata extract as an anticoccidial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective agent against Eimeria papillata parasitic infection. Methods: For this investigation, a total of 25 male swiss albino mice were allocated into 5 equal groups. Group ∣: negative control (Cont), Group Π: administrated with Cassia alata extract (CE) at a dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight, Group ∃: infected group with E. papillata (Inf), Group IV: infected-treated with Cassia alata extract (Inf-CE) at a dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight and Group V: infected-treated with amprolium at a dosage of 120 mg/kg body weight (Drug). Mice were infected orally with an approximate 1×103 E. papillata sporulated oocysts excluding ∣ and Π groups. One-hour post infection, mice of groups IV and V were received the recommended doses of treatments orally once a day for 5 sequential days. Upon treatment for 5 days, all mice were sacrificed and growth performance, histopathological, histochemical and oxidative stress assessments were examined. Result: An enhancement in body weight (-2.33±0.58%) and feed intake (130.33±4.51 grams) in relation to the body weight (-4.67±0.58%) and feed intake (98.00±4.36 grams) of the Inf group was observed. Improvements in liver structure alterations induced by E. papillata was recorded with a noticeable increase in its carbohydrates (6.04±0.45%) and protein (12.46±1.13%) content. Moreover, considerable reduction in hepatic nitric oxide (59.13±4.59 Umol/g) and malonaldehyde (22.07±1.20 nmol/mg) and an elevation in glutathione (18.20±1.79 ng/mg) and glutathione peroxidase (111.53±8.95 ng/mg) were documented. In summary, CE treatment could significantly ameliorate liver injury, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions caused by E. papillata parasitic infection.
Effects of Colchicine on the Morphology and Agricultural Characteristics of RD.43 Thai Rice Variety
Authors: Surson Suntaree , Sitthaphanit Suphasit , Prachachit Jakkapat , Jitjak Tharadol , Wongkerson Khumpanat
Published: December 2024

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the Asian population. Rice breeding will help the rice to withstand unsuitable environmental conditions while providing greater yield and palatability. Induction of rice polyploids can help improve desirable characteristics in rice. The objective of the study was to induce polyploids in Thai rice, which is genetically different from foreign rice. Methods: Colchicine concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 percent had been applied to 2-day-old germinated rice grains for 2, 4 and 6 hours. After that, rice agronomic characteristics and yield component were studied. To indicate polyploid rice, flow cytometry technique and awn seed characteristics were applied. Result: The results showed that colchicine concentration and exposure time influenced germination and seed abnormalities. Colchicine concentration also influenced leaf number, shoot number, leaf width, leaf length and SPAD value. Exposure time influenced the number of leaves. In light of yield component characteristics, colchicine concentration influenced the total number of seeds, full seed number and seed width. Exposure time influenced number of grains, total number of seeds, number of whole seeds, number of atrophied seeds, full seed weight and seed width. Rice plants that had awn seeds (8.33-58.33 per cent) were grown from the seeds that received colchicine. The experiments had shown that colchicine influenced on morphology and yield component traits. T15 (colchicine 0.25%, exposure time 6 h.) had the most plants with awn seeds, followed by T9 (colchicine 0.5%, exposure time 6 h) and T11 (colchicine 0.2%, exposure time 4 h), respectively.
Teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge on socioscientific issues and social justice
Authors: Macalalag Augusto , Minken Zachary , Feighan Kelly , Richardson Megan , Marte Marlin , Ialacci Gabrielle , Van Meter Benjamin , Sproul Khaliah , Kaufmann Alan
Published: December 2024

Reforms in STEM education call for reframing teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) by focusing on development of students’ knowledge and scientific literacy through socioscientific issues (Lee, 2016; Zeidler, 2016; Johnson et al., 2022). We developed a two-year professional development (PD) for 6-12th grade STEM teachers that embedded SSI framework into their teaching. An analysis of survey and interview data from 24 teachers over two years and data from nine focus group interviews and pre/post surveys were used to answer our research questions on the enhancement of teachers’ SSI pedagogical practices, and PCK for integrating social justice to their lessons. Our findings suggest that the PD was beneficial to participating teachers and improved their comfortability and experience teaching SSI. Moreover, our teachers developed PCK for teaching STEM through the lens of social justice in several ways, including considering different perspectives and backgrounds, connecting to current events and issues relevant to students’ lives and engaging students in decision making and problem solving to make a positive impact in their communities.
Gold mines as a local socio-scientific issue: Middle school students' informal reasoning
Authors: Eker Ayşenur , Tasdere Ahmet
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the awareness and informal reasoning of 7th-grade middle school students regarding a local socio-scientific issue (L-SSI) related to gold mining. In this context, the Kışladağ Gold Mine Operations (KGMO) in Uşak province was examined as an L-SSI. The study, designed as a case study, was conducted with 43 seventh-grade students enrolled in schools near the mine and in distant regions. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. The responses were analyzed according to three informal reasoning modes: economic, ecological, and social. According to the findings, the majority of students in the mining region were aware of the KGMO through their families and relatives, while most students in the distant region were not aware of the KGMO. When examining the students' informal reasoning, it was found that most students expressed undecided views, with economic reasoning being a significant determinant. Specific recommendations are provided for the inclusion of L-SSI in current science education studies.
What do pre-service and mentor teachers learn from collaborative professional development on socioscientific issues?
Authors: Aydın Özge Hazal , Han Tosunoğlu Çiğdem , Ağlarcı Özdemir Oya , Dogan Ozgur
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of a professional development program on socioscientific issues (SSI) to enhance pre-service and mentor teachers' engagement with SSI supported by technology-supported teaching. It aims to explore the learning outcomes for both groups and the influence of their perspectives on science education on these outcomes. The method involves collaborative SSI material development and implementation in classrooms. The study involved 11 senior (10 female; 1 male) pre-service biology teachers and four biology teachers who mentored them in schools during their Teaching Practice courses. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, reflective diaries, and meeting recordings and were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings show that pre-service teachers gained multidimensional reasoning, technology integration skills, and ethical and moral reasoning abilities, with gains influenced by their science teaching perspectives. Mentor teachers with progressive views in science teaching understanding had greater benefits, such as improved SSI understanding and student engagement techniques, than those with traditional views.
Developing student agency through authentic application of socioscientific issues in STEM classrooms
Authors: Mathers Becky , Johnson Joseph , Kaufmann Alan , Sinni Nicholas , Louis Eli , Henneman Eva
Published: December 2024

This study explores the experiences of STEM teachers who participated in professional development (PD) workshops focused on supporting the use of a socioscientific issues (SSI)/socioTransformative constructivism (sTc) framework as an avenue to incorporate SSI into lessons and empower students to become agents of change outside the classroom. The following research question guided this study: In what ways, if any, do participant teachers foster authentic, active engagement and student agency in their STEM classroom following participation in an SSI focused professional development program? Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze, and interpret the data. The findings demonstrate that teachers were successful in providing students with authentic learning opportunities in which students developed a sense of agency by moving beyond traditional STEM content, moving beyond the classroom walls, and moving inward within the school. Understanding the ways in which teachers engage students in authentic learning and foster student agency within an SSI unit of study has implications for scholars and researchers who provide PD to teachers.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Gözüyle Kültür: Sanat Temelli Sosyal Bilgiler Derslerinde Yaratıcı Yazmadan Yararlanma
Authors: Selanik Ay Tuğba , Samsa Zehra
Published: December 2024

Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğrencilerde yaratıcı yazma becerilerini geliştirmeye uygun bir derstir. Yaratıcı yazma çalışmaları öğrencilerin sınıf tartışmalarına odaklanmasını ve içeriği zenginleştirmelerini sağlar. Yaratıcı yazma çalışmalarında bir film, bir roman, bir tablo, bir şarkı başlangıç noktasını oluşturabilir. Yaratıcı yazmanın bu özelliğinden hareketle; yaratıcı yazma basamakları ile bütünleştirilmiş sanat temelli sosyal bilgiler ders planları geliştirilmiş; uygulama süreci bu ders planları kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Sanatsal eser olarak da tablo minyatür, heykel, mimari eser gibi farklı türde sanat eserleri işe koşulmuş; ortaokul öğrencilerinin bu eserlerden hareketle yaratıcı yazma ürünleri geliştirmeleri sağlanmıştır. Bu araştırma temel nitel araştırma biçiminde desenlenmiş olup, araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Afyon İl merkezinde orta sosyo-ekonomik düzeyde yer alan bir devlet okulunun 5. sınıfında öğrenim gören 25 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri öğrencilere derslerde yazdırılan yaratıcı yazma ürünleri oluşturmaktadır. Her bir yaratıcı yazma birer doküman olarak ele alınmış; elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Kurtuluş savaşı, Türk bayrağı, Türk kahvesi, nevruz, halk oyunları, bayram, düğün ve halı/kilim dokuma temaları elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türk kültür ve geleneklerine yönelik bilgi sahibi olduğu ve vatanseverlik, çalışkanlık, yardımseverlik, özgürlük, bağımsızlık, birlik ve beraberlik, gayret, azim ve cesaret gibi değerleri kazandıkları görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında yaratıcı yazma çalışmalarından sosyal bilgilerin farklı becerilerini kazandırma amacıyla yararlanma ya da yaratıcı yazmayı farklı yaklaşımlarla bütünleştirmeye yönelik yarı deneysel ya da eylem araştırması biçiminde desenlenmiş araştırmalar gerçekleştirilmesi önerilebilir.
Civilizational diversity of the modern world: [monograph]
Authors:   Sociological Institute of FCTAS RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Braslavskiy Ruslan G. , Galindabaeva Vera V. ,   Sociological Institute of FCTAS RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Karbainov Nikolay I. ,   Sociological Institute of FCTAS RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kozlovskiy Vladimir V. ,   Sociological Institute of FCTAS RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Монография посвящена актуальной проблематике механизмов и форм цивилизационного развития современного мира. Рассматривается цивилизационная рефлексия в истории социологии и общественной мысли. На конкретных материалах раскрываются исторические траектории формирования цивилизационного своеобразия современных обществ, включая культурные, институциональные, социоструктурные аспекты. Особое внимание уделяется аналитике межцивилизационных взаимодействий в современном мире. Новизна заключается в применении цивилизационного подхода, особенно его социологической версии, в исследовании глобальных, региональных и локальных изменений современных обществ. Книга адресована специалистам по социальным и гуманитарным наукам, широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся проблемами цивилизационного развития современных обществ.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA SISWA MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS DIGITAL
Authors: Asadi Ahmad Ahya , Dharmayanti Agustin Wulan Suci
Published: December 2024

Pendidikan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi setiap individu karena setiap individu berhak untuk berkembang dalam pendidikan. Pendidikan diselenggarakan dengan mengembangkan budaya membaca, menulis, dan berhitung bagi segenap warga masyarakat. Setelah sukses mengentaskan permasalahan niraksara dengan indeks mencapai 99, 1%, Indonesia masih terbelit kasus rendahnya budaya baca. Tampaknya kemampuan baca-tulis tidak berbanding lurus dengan minat baca masyarakat. Program literasi dalam meningkatkan minat baca siswa melalui pengembangan perpustakaan digital ini dilaksanakan di MTs Bustanul Ulum Desa Locare. Pelaksanaan KKN Back To Village III dimulai pada tanggal 11 Agustus 2021 sampai dengan 9 September 2021. Pemilihan lokasi Desa Locare dikarenakan KKN pada periode ini mengangkat tema “Back To Village III” atau kembali ke kampung halaman. Dari beberapa kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan selama empat minggu, penulis menemukan fakta bahwa kepala sekolah maupun staf pengajar MTs Bustanul Ulum ingin agar sekolah mempunyai fasilitas perpustakaan sekolah. Selain itu, walaupun kecil tapi beberapa siswa yang menjadi sasaran pelaksanaan KKN mempunyai minat baca. Namun hal tersebut kalah dengan rasa malas mereka sehingga minat baca yang sudah ada tidak ada peningkatan. Program kerja yang dilaksanakan menjadikan MTs Bustanul Ulum Desa Locare kini mempunyai fasilitas perpustakaan untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Namun program kerja yang telah dilaksanakan tidak terlalu berdampak signifikan terhadap minat baca siswa sehingga hal tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan ke depannya apabila akan mengadakan program yang serupa agar memberikan perhatian yang lebih terhadap minat baca siswa.
On the issue of the application of automated methods of passenger traffi c research on urban public transport
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Nevolin Dmitry G. , Tsarikov Aleksey A. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Sorogin Igor G. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: December 2024

The article touches upon the temporary problems of the passenger-flow full-scale survey. The principal automated research methods have been analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the indicators which can be achieved with the use of each of the methods have been noted.
Contemporary problems of hiring drivers’ personnel in the urban passenger transport (on the example of Yekaterinburg)
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Nevolin Dmitry G. , Tsarikov Aleksey A. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Sorogin Igor G. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: December 2024

The problem of lack of personnel in the enterprises of the urban passenger transport is considered. The analyses of the structure of drivers’ personnel of transport enterprises in Ekaterinburg has been made, conclusions have been made, and proposals for hiring drivers’ personnel and the work organization of municipal transport have been given.
Peculiarities of remote and distributed SSB infrastructure control in MPC control systems
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Nikitin Aleksandr B. , Kopytov Dmitrij V. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Gundyrev Konstantin V. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the control needs of remote and distributed SSB infrastructure and the ways allowing to realize these requirements. The proposed solutions are based on the use of relay-processor and microprocessor MPC systems within the upgrade of devices and new building. Description of functionality of the software and hardware of the proposed solutions is introduced. Implementation and real examples of the realization of the described solutions is analyzed. Further perspectives of the technologies development and upgrade are stated which allow to control the distributed SSB infrastructure.
The use of recuperation energy for heating railroad switches from a DC contact network with a voltage of 3 kV
Authors: Izvarin Mihail , Rolle Igor' , Denisenko Elena
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to create a system for the use of energy recovery on sections of railways electrified with direct current with a voltage of 3 kV. The proposed system should make it possible to use the energy of regenerative braking generated by an electric locomotive or a DC electric train for heating switches during regenerative braking and insufficient power of traction consumers or their absence in the traction network. Methods: analysis of statistical data on the modes of operation of electric rolling stock and traction network, execution of train schedules, analysis and synthesis of circuit solutions, study of domestic and foreign experience in the utilization of energy recovery in railway transport. Results: the principle of using energy recovery, which cannot be used due to the low load in the contact network, for heating switches, increasing the energy efficiency of transportation on electrified rail transport, is proposed. Practical significance: the possibility of using electric energy recovery of electric rolling stock for heating switches in winter is shown, if it is impossible to consume it by other electric locomotives and electric trains. This system can be used in areas electrified with direct current with freight and passenger traffic, which operates electric rolling stock (EPS) with regenerative and regenerative-rheostatic braking.
Methods for assessing the economic security of an electric power organization during the investment process
Authors: Romanova Renata , Sacuk Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to review the statistics of the electric power industry in the current period of time, identify current threats, propose a tool to reduce the negative impact of the threats presented, characterize existing methods of assessing economic security in the investment process, propose an author's method of assessing the economic security of an electric power organization. Methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical approaches, computational and constructive methods, expert assessments. Results: the lack of financing of investment projects in the electric power industry has been identified, which, under the conditions of sanctions pressure from Western countries, is a key threat to the economic security of the organization. The problematic areas that set the vector for investment are highlighted. The existing approaches to investment assessment are evaluated, the impossibility of their application to form an adequate investment assessment for electric power companies is revealed. The author's method of assessing the economic security of an organization is proposed, which includes an assessment of the effectiveness of an investment project calculated using the method of real options, taking into account the amount of damage prevented. Practical importance: the necessity of searching for new methods of assessing economic security, taking into account the specifics of the activity and functioning of an electric power company, is shown
Study of the inverter system operation of the diesel engine start system during diesel locomotive 3TE28 operation
Authors: Pleshakov Andrey , Evstaf'ev Andrey , Rolle Igor'
Published: December 2024

Purpose: carrying out operational tests of the start converter as a device of the preliminary diesel engine cranking of a diesel locomotive 3TE28 and the analysis of the obtained results. Methods: the functioning of the inverter starting system was studied within the framework of its operation as part of a diesel locomotive under different conditions of diesel engine starting (battery residual voltage, oil temperature) using a measuring complex and a set of additional sensors, as well as accumulation and analysis of the obtained measurement results. Results: operational tests of the inverter system of the start power plant on the diesel locomotive 3TE28 in locomotive depot “Tynda-Severnaya” were carried out. The circuit solutions and algorithms of the automatic control system of the inverter are verified. Comparative analysis of energy efficiency of inverter and starter-generator engine start systems is performed. Practical relevance: according to the results of operational tests the possibility of application of start converters for reliable diesel engine starts of diesel locomotives equipped with synchronous traction units instead of widespread nowadays starter-generator starting systems is confirmed. The developed technical solution can be duplicated on other series of locomotives, both newly developed and operated as part of their modernization or repair. The data accumulated in operation can be used for further improvement of the control system algorithms of the start converter.
Influence of railway rolling stock and track parameters on traffic dynamics
Authors: Martynenko Lyubov' , Kononov Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

Purpose: improving the safety of railway rolling stock in curves and on mountain-pass sections of the track by studying the interaction of rolling stock and track. Methods: experimental studies of wagon vibrations in order to identify additional fluctuations and deviations in the wheel-rail system in the presence of track deviations in the plan, such as rail level, rail misalignment, subsidence, narrowing and widening of the track, straightening, skew. Investigation of the influence of dangerous combinations of rolling stock and track parameter values on the occurrence of emergency situations. Results: when analyzing the causes of the derailment of railway rolling stock, it is necessary to take into account, in addition to track defects, the technical condition of the wagons and the locomotive. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment of both the rolling stock, including the locomotive, and the track. Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, a selection of dangerous combinations of deviations from the nominal values of the dimensions of the car, locomotive and track is carried out, depending on the speed of movement. Practical importance: the proposed technical solutions and recommendations are aimed at improving the use of freight wagons, taking into account the rational conditions of their operation in the mountainous terrain of the East Siberian railway. The implementation of these proposals will reduce the annual costs of eliminating the consequences of gatherings: damaged infrastructure (repair of wagons, restoration of tracks, alarm, centralization and blocking devices, work of track equipment, etc.).
Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Electronic Physics Learning Media: A Literature Review
Authors: Anjani Hilmi Rizki , Nilyani Korry , Mufit Fatni , Desnita Desnita
Published: December 2024

Electronic physics learning is one of the rapidly growing fields in the current digital era. Electronic physical science learning media has turned into a compelling option in the growing experience. The point of this examination is to lead a writing survey on business venture potential to open doors in electronic material science learning media. Descriptive analysis is used as the research method, and secondary data is utilized. Entrepreneurship opportunities refer to the chance to run a profitable business. An entrepreneur needs to possess creative and innovative thinking, as well as the ability to take risks and seize business opportunities. Physics learning media is a tool used in the learning process to clarify the messages conveyed by teachers. Learning media that aligns with technological advancements, such as computer-based learning media and animations, can enhance students' interest in studying physics. Electronic-based learning (e-learning) utilizes information and communication technology for flexible learning, involving networks, learning support services, and tutor assistance. Through e-learning, students can learn anytime and anywhere. The development of digital media in e-learning can leverage the latest technologies, such as animations, Android-based applications, and augmented reality.
TANTANGAN AKAD KAFALAH SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENJAMINAN KREDIT SYARIAH
Authors: Reza Mutawakkil Alalloh  , Imron Mustofa
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the kaf?lah contract as a credit guarantee instrument in sharia financial institutions in Indonesia, as well as identifying the challenges faced in its implementation. The method used is a qualitative approach with library research techniques, where researchers collect and analyze various relevant literature sources, including books, journal articles and related legal documents. The research results show that the kaf?lah contract functions as a solution for customers who do not have conventional collateral, by emphasizing the principles of mutual assistance and collective responsibility in accordance with sharia values. Other than that, this agreement could improve financial inclusion, particularly for MSMEs, which frequently face barriers to loan availability. Implementing the kaf?lah contract is still hampered by issues like the general public's poor comprehension of it and the requirement for stricter and more precise laws. In order for kaf?lah contracts to assist sharia economic growth in Indonesia, comprehensive research and efforts are required to improve knowledge and preparedness of sharia financial institutions. It is intended that this study would further the theory and application of credit guarantees in Islamic financial institutions and offer suggestions for further advancements.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE PERANG TOPAT TRADITION IN LINGSAR, WEST LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Saharuddin
Published: December 2024

The Perang Topat tradition in Lingsar, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, represents a unique form of religious moderation, blending Islamic and Hindu elements in a ritual that promotes harmony among different faith communities. This study examines how the Perang Topat festival fosters interreligious understanding and tolerance, addressing concerns about preserving cultural identity while maintaining mutual respect within a diverse society. The purpose of this research is to explore the ways in which this local tradition serves as a model for religious moderation, providing insights into the role of cultural rituals in uniting distinct religious groups. The study employs qualitative methods, gathering data through interviews with community leaders, participants, and observers of the Perang Topat festival. Additional data are collected through participant observation and analysis of relevant documentation related to the festival’s history and significance. Data analysis is conducted using descriptive-analytical techniques to interpret the collected information and identify patterns that illustrate the festival's role in promoting religious harmony. Findings indicate that Perang Topat serves as a symbolic representation of religious inclusivity, where shared cultural practices bridge differences between Muslim and Hindu communities, strengthening social bonds. This ritual embodies values of tolerance, cooperation, and respect for religious diversity, demonstrating that local traditions can reinforce religious moderation in multicultural contexts. The conclusion highlights that such traditions offer significant implications for promoting peace and social cohesion. The study suggests that fostering similar culturally embedded practices can serve as an effective approach to religious moderation, offering lessons that may inform broader efforts at fostering unity within pluralistic societies.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION EDUCATION: GENERATION-Z AS AGENTS OF CHANGE IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Sugiarto Fitrah , Devita Nindyra Mei , Umniati
Published: December 2024

Generation Z has a strategic role as an agent of change in implementing the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society. This article aims to explore the importance of religious moderation education in equipping Generation Z to be able to play an active role in maintaining social harmony, preventing religion-based conflicts, and facing the challenges of the digital era that often raises the issue of intolerance. Through a descriptive-qualitative approach, this article analyzes the relevance of religious moderation in shaping inclusive, tolerant, and respectful attitudes among Generation Z. Holistic religious moderation education involving educational institutions, families, and digital media can be an effective solution in instilling the values of diversity and moral integrity. The results of the study show that Generation Z, with its adaptive characteristics and openness to change, has great potential to be a catalyst for the creation of a peaceful, fair, and harmonious society. Therefore, religious moderation education must be a priority in character development strategies to strengthen the role of Generation Z as guardians of harmony in a multicultural society.
Mechanochemical synthesis and solid-state characterization of molecular salts of pyridoxine: Vibrational spectroscopic and thermal consideration
Authors: Cvetkovski Aleksandar , Pejov Ljupcho , Stojanovska Pecova Monika , Petrushevski Gjorgji , Makreski Petre
Published: December 2024

Crystal engineering of multicomponent crystals offers opportunities for both generic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and innovative APIs (under patent protection) to be noncovalently bound with a wide range of organic compounds, forming new solid phases such as salts or cocrystals. These multicomponent crystals can enhance the physicochemical properties, processibility, and bioavailability of the APIs. The purpose of this research is to correlate vibrational (FTIR and Raman) spectroscopy studies with the thermal behavior of new molecular salts of the drug model pyridoxine (PN), using salt formers from the group of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives known for their potent antioxidant activity. The coformers include syringic acid (SA) and ferulic acid (FA), synthesized through eco-friendly mechanochemical methods by treating bulk powders of their stoichiometric mixture with PN. The assigned vibrational modes and thermal behaviors of the pyridoxonium syringate (PN/SA) and pyridoxonium ferulate (PN/FA∙H2O) reveal the protonation of the pyridoxine N-atom in both salts structures. This protonation results in structural alterations in the crystal packing of the counterions, which exhibit unique spectral fingerprints and thermal profiles compared to the starting compounds.
ÖZEL EĞİTİM MERKEZİNDE GÖREV YAPAN ÖZEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN YAŞADIĞI SORUNLAR
Authors: Çelik Ravza , Tomanbay İlhan , Kale Mehmet , Çelik Melike , Bahçehan Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları, yaşadıkları sorunlarını ve çözüm önerilerini sunmaktır. Araştırmada; nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Fenomoloji (olgu-bilim) yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler iki ayrı özel eğitim merkezinde birebir ve yüz-yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcı sayısı, 12 özel eğitim öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda çıkan araştırma bulguları; özel eğitimde ders saatinin yetersizliği, materyal eksikliği, uygulama sınıfı yetersizliği gibi temel sorunlar belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca düşük ücretler, mesleğe olan toplumsal bakış açısı ve istihdam sorunları da ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrenciler-arası iletişimde, öğretmen-öğrenci iletişiminde yaşanan sorunlar, özellikle davranış problemleri olan öğrencilerle çalışırken artmaktadır. Materyal eksikliği ve ders saatinin yetersizliği de öğretmenlerin verimli eğitim vermelerini engellemektedir. Öğretmen-veli iletişiminde de bazı eksiklikler bulunmaktadır. Bu durum, öğrencinin evde ve okulda tutarlı bir eğitim almasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak öğretmeni etkileyen bir faktör diğer bireyleri de etkilemektedir. Özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunlar ön plana çıkarılarak hem öğretmen hem de öğrencinin verimliliği düşünülmüştür.
Efficient prediction of potential energy surface and physical properties with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Hongyu , Zhong Yang , Xiang Hongjun
Published: December 2024

The application of machine learning methods for predicting potential energy surface and physical properties within materials science has garnered significant attention. Among recent advancements, Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional Multi-Layer Perceptrons. This study evaluates the impact of substituting Multi-Layer Perceptrons with KANs within four established machine learning frameworks: Allegro, Neural Equivariant Interatomic Potentials, Higher Order Equivariant Message Passing Neural Network (MACE), and the Edge-Based Tensor Prediction Graph Neural Network. Our results demonstrate that the integration of KANs enhances prediction accuracies, especially for complex datasets such as the HfO2 structures. Notably, using KANs exclusively in the output block achieves the most significant improvements, improving prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, employing KANs exclusively in the output block facilitates faster inference and improved computational efficiency relative to utilizing KANs throughout the entire model. The selection of optimal basis functions for KANs depends on the specific problem. Our results demonstrate the strong potential of KANs in enhancing machine learning potentials and material property predictions. Additionally, the proposed methodology offers a generalizable framework that can be applied to other ML architectures.
Exploring accountability practices of South African school governing bodies: Examination of financial records of Section 21 schools
Authors: Hlongoane Moses Thabang , Enwereji Prince Chukwuneme
Published: December 2024

This study examined the accountability practices of South African school governing bodies (SGBs), specifically focusing on the decision-making process regarding the submission of financial records and statements for either audit or examination purposes. This flexibility has led to inconsistencies and a lack of comparability in the financial reporting of Section 21 schools. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using document analysis and supplemented by face-to-face interviews. Provincial guidelines and selected schools’ financial statements were analysed. Schools’ principals, finance officers, auditors, school governing body treasurers, as well as districts officials were also interviewed. Twenty-nine participants were selected using a purposive sampling method while semi-structured interviews were adopted. Findings reveal that there is a lack of accountability by the SGBs regarding the auditing of financial records and financial statements. The study further revealed that the SGBs opt to submit the financial records and financial statements for examination instead of an audit. The study recommended mandating all schools’ audits by the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA), akin to other public entities, possibly requiring amendments to the South African Schools Act (SASA). Alternatively, including audit expenses in the annual budget or allocation for schools may discourage opting for examination, thereby improving accountability.
A literature review on sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship
Authors: Ayandibu Ayansola
Published: December 2024

Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship have emerged as pivotal drivers of positive change in today's dynamic world, where environmental, social, and economic challenges intersect. This paper explores the nexus between sustainable innovation, entrepreneurship, and societal impact, examining the evolution, principles, and case studies that exemplify the transformative potential of sustainable ventures. Through an analysis of leading exemplars across industries, including Tesla, Patagonia, and Unilever, key lessons learned and best practices are identified, highlighting the importance of stakeholder collaboration, transparency, and long-term commitment to sustainability. Moreover, the paper assesses the impact of sustainable innovation on society, emphasizing economic growth, environmental conservation, and social equity as critical outcomes. Looking ahead, emerging trends in sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship present opportunities for future ventures, yet challenges such as regulatory complexity and resource scarcity must be addressed. Recommendations for encouraging a culture of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship globally include promoting collaboration, incentivizing sustainable practices, and investing in education and research. By embracing sustainability as a guiding principle, businesses can drive positive change, foster innovation, and contribute to a more resilient, equitable, and environmentally sustainable future.
Grade 12 Accounting curriculum in preparing students for the Bachelor of Accounting programme
Authors: Veronica Sithole Nosihle
Published: December 2024

This article aims to offer significant insights regarding the degree to which the Accounting curriculum in grade 12 prepares students for the Bachelor of Accounting program. In South Africa, secondary school students traditionally select topics based on their intended occupations. For example, students aiming to obtain a Bachelor of Accounting enrol in a commercial path, with Accounting as one of their primary disciplines. The grade 12 accounting curriculum is considered suitable for preparing students for a Bachelor of Accounting degree. Nonetheless, there are significant deficiencies regarding the degree to which the grade 12 Accounting program equips students for a Bachelor of Accounting. This qualitative study utilised a constructivist framework and implemented a case study research approach. Two Bachelor of Accounting students and instructors were intentionally selected for semi-structured interviews. The acquired data was examined by theme analysis. The research indicated that deficiencies in the grade 12 curriculum of secondary education insufficiently equip students for a Bachelor of Accounting. The university curriculum significantly differs, as the teaching materials for the grade 12 Accounting syllabus are outdated, and the training is solely theoretical.  Given the aforementioned findings, this study advocates for an upgrade to the grade 12 Accounting curriculum. by incorporating insights from Bachelor of Accounting specialists and integrating data from various businesses. Additionally, the grade 12 curriculum must incorporate practical learning experiences to provide students with exposure to the program.
Does financial stability spur or retard output and price stability in South Africa?
Authors: Magubane Khwazi , De Jongh Jacques , Mncayi-Makhanya Precious , Makhalima Jabulile , Maziya Phindile , Wesi Boingotlo
Published: December 2024

Following the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) prioritised financial stability. This study assesses the impact of financial stability on South Africa's output and price stability, which is crucial for framing its monetary policy. Utilising a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) approach, the influence of the Financial Conditions Index (FCI) on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) between 1960Q1 and 2022Q4 was analysed. Results revealed a strong connection between these objectives. GDP drops after an FCI disturbance, whereas the CPI trends upwards when the SARB counters financial imbalances. This vital finding indicates a positive relation between enhanced financial conditions and output stabilisation but reveals a trade-off between price and financial stability. After a GDP shock, financial conditions improve, but they deteriorate following a CPI shock. If the SARB reacts by "mopping up" post-crisis, the policy rate typically drops, pointing to potential financial vulnerabilities. Both GDP and CPI react positively to FCI disturbances when SARB is passive. The evidence suggests that while financial stability bolsters output stability, it might endanger price stability. Thus, amongst other recommendations, South Africa's monetary policy authorities must lean against financial imbalances instead of mopping after a crisis
Effectiveness of internal control systems: A case study of a TVET College in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Zitha Alec , Munzhelele Freddy , Sirembe Ndivhuwo
Published: December 2024

This study examined the efficacy of the internal control systems at a TVET College in the Vhembe district, emphasising the five essential components of an internal control system: the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication processes, and monitoring. This research utilises a sample of 52 permanent employees. The selected responders possess familiarity with internal control systems and are engaged in the development and execution of the organization's internal control system. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and cumulative percentages, were employed for analysis. The study's findings indicated that the institution's control environment was predominantly effective, whilst the remaining four components of its internal control system were moderately effective. The researcher determined that the institution's internal control system was moderately effective. The findings indicate that TVET College management should prioritise the enhancement of internal control systems to improve operational efficiency and risk management. The research emphasises the necessity for policies that fosters the ongoing enhancement of internal controls, potentially resulting in stronger governance and accountability inside the organisation.
The effect of innovation management practices in enhancing competitiveness of SME liquor retailers
Authors: Mashego Kagiso , Sewdass Nisha
Published: December 2024

SME liquor retailers operate in complex, strictly regulated, and competitive environments yet unlicensed liquor retailers are active in meeting demands of consumers, while large retail chain organizations with financial resources continue to enter the market posing a challenge for the SME liquor retailers to sustain themselves. This study uses competitive theory to investigate the effect of innovation management practices in enhancing competitiveness of SME liquor retailers in South Africa. A qualitative exploratory design was used with thematic analysis to analyze 21 empirical data collected through semi-structure interviews. Findings highlight that by practicing innovation management, specifically non-technological, incremental, and service innovations, liquor retailers were able to attract, keep, and maintain their customer base. The respondents collaborated with suppliers to deploy a reward system to encourage customer loyalty and repeat purchases. SME liquor retailers are encouraged to deploy different forms of innovation management to enhance their ability to attract, keep, and maintain customers and thereby enhance their competitiveness.
The influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z) with employee motivation as a mediating variable
Authors: Andri Fajar Fili , Moko Wahdiyat
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance across generations (Generation X, Y, and Z) with motivation as a mediating variable, in PT. BCA, Tbk Regional Office VII Malang City. The challenge faced is the difference in generational characteristics that require different leadership approaches to create a productive work environment.The research method used is a quantitative approach with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees and analyzed using SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on the motivation and performance of Generation X and Y employees. However, in Generation Z, motivation does not significantly mediate the influence of transformational leadership on performance.These findings show that Generation X is more influenced by financial rewards and compensation, while Generation Y is more motivated by appropriate benefits and appreciation. On the other hand, Generation Z needs leaders with clear direction and charisma rather than traditional incentive-based motivation. Therefore, organizations need to adapt their leadership styles based on the specific needs of each generation to optimally improve employee performance.