bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of parent report measures assessing the psychosocial impact of food allergy on patients and families
Authors: Proctor Kaitlin B. , Tison Katherine , H. Estrem Hayley , Park Jinhee , Scahill Lawrence , Vickery Brian P. , Sharp William G.
Published: October 2021

Background

Reducing the psychosocial impact of food allergy (FA) represents a top patient‐centered research priority. This priority recognizes that psychosocial impact is an important outcome of current FA therapies (eg, oral immunotherapy), as well as interventions aimed at improving overall quality of life and illness adaptation. Reliable and valid measurement is a necessary prerequisite to developing and evaluating current and emerging FA therapies and potential changes in psychosocial impact.

Methods

In this systematic review, we applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement to evaluate available parent report measures assessing the psychosocial impact of pediatric IgE‐mediated FA.

Results

The systematic search yielded 64 articles involving 13 unique measures. Measures were evaluated through the lens of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) guidelines. Findings indicated that available measures show some evidence of reliability and validity; however, none completely adhere to PROMIS guidelines for measure development.

Conclusion

Results highlight a continued need to dedicate research to develop a measurement approach that assesses the full range of psychosocial impact that parents and families may experience as a result of FA, as well as serve as a research outcome as the field continues to develop effective treatments, including immunotherapy.
Serum osteocalcin levels at 4 months of age were associated with neurodevelopment at 4 years of age in term‐born children
Authors: Berggren Sara , Andersson Ola , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Dahlgren Jovanna , Roswall Josefine
Published: October 2021

Aim

The hormone osteocalcin influenced neurodevelopment and cognition in mice models; this human study explored potential associations between total serum levels in human infants and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age.

Methods

The data were based on two Swedish birth cohorts from 2008 to 2009. We followed 158 healthy full‐term vaginal births (51% girls) by measuring serum osteocalcin in cord blood and at 4, 12 and 36 months. The values were compared with neurodevelopment tests at 4 years of age.

Results

There was an association between osteocalcin at 4 months and later full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ; r2 0.031, p < 0.05). Children with osteocalcin levels in the highest quartile scored 5.6 (95% confidence interval [1.3, 9.9]) points higher than those in the lowest quartile, with mean scores of 118.8 ± 8.8 and 113.2 ± 9.2 (p < 0.05). They also scored higher on gross motor skills (p < 0.05) and showed greater ability during the drawing trail test (p < 0.005). Cord levels of osteocalcin were negatively associated with processing speed and fine motor development at 4 years, but levels at 12 and 36 months were not associated with later neurodevelopment.

Conclusion

Osteocalcin levels in infancy appeared to be associated with later IQ and motor development, but more research is needed.
Development institutions of the Russian Far East and Asia‐Pacific countries: Goals, instruments, and results in comparative perspective
Authors: Kireev Anton , Sevastianov Sergei
Published: October 2021

The major innovation of the Far Eastern policy of Russia in the 2010s—the introduction of the macroregional system of development institutions—is studied today mainly as an intra‐Russian and economic phenomenon. In this article, we place studied development institutions in a wider social and international context. Identifying the origin, strategic goals, preferential instruments, and the results of functioning of the development institutions system of the Russian Far East, we compare it with analogous systems in Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. The article concludes that there is an objectively conditioned typological proximity of the development institutions system of the Russian Far East with similar systems in China and Vietnam. We emphasize that this proximity is based on the similarity of the problems of the macroregion and the named countries, and, consequently, the goals of their development policies. On this basis, we recommend to increase the number of territorial development institutions in this macroregion of Russia, decentralize the regulation of Advanced Development Territories and Vladivostok Free Port, and involve private developers in the management of these institutuions.
‘I don't do it for the money, I do it for the kids’: Examining school foodservice staff and student interactions using the lens of school connectedness
Authors: Caruso Christine C. , Rosenthal Amy K.
Published: October 2021

This study investigated social interactions between students and school foodservice staff in six US school districts. Qualitative data was analysed from 23 in‐depth interviews with school foodservice managers and 17 focus groups in five high schools, seven middle schools and five elementary schools. Applying the lens of school connectedness, findings highlight the various forms of care experienced by students and staff. However, structural constraints limit opportunities for staff and students to interact and demonstrate care, suggesting potential opportunities for interventions to enhance the role of the cafeteria in contributing to students’ social‐emotional well‐being.
CoCrMo‐Nanoparticles induced peri‐implant osteolysis by promoting osteoblast ferroptosis via regulating Nrf2‐ARE signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Yiming , Sang Weilin , Zhong Yiming , Xue Song , Yang Mengkai , Wang Cong , Lu Haiming , Huan Renchun , Mao Xinjie , Zhu Libo , He Chuanglong , Ma Jinzhong
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Aseptic loosening (AL) is the most common reason of total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure and revision surgery. Osteolysis, caused by wear particles released from implant surfaces, has a vital role in AL. Although previous studies suggest that wear particles always lead to osteoblast programmed death in the process of AL, the specific mechanism remains incompletely understood and osteoblast ferroptosis maybe a new mechanism of AL.

Materials and Methods

CoCrMo nanoparticles (CoNPs) were prepared to investigate the influence of ferroptosis in osteoblasts and calvaria resorption animal models. Periprosthetic osteolytic bone tissue was collected from patients who underwent AL after THA to verify osteoblast ferroptosis.

Results

Our study demonstrated that CoNPs induced significant ferroptosis in osteoblasts and particles induced osteolysis (PIO) animal models. Blocking ferroptosis with specific inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1 dramatically reduced particle‐induced ferroptosis in vitro. Moreover, in osteoblasts, CoNPs significantly downregulated the expression of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2), a core element in the antioxidant response. The overexpression of Nrf2 by siKeap1 or Nrf2 activator Oltipraz obviously upregulated antioxidant response elements (AREs) and suppressed ferroptosis in osteoblasts. Furthermore, in PIO animal models, the combined utilization of Ferrostatin‐1 and Oltipraz dramatically ameliorated ferroptosis and the severity of osteolysis.

Conclusions

These results indicate that CoNPs promote osteoblast ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2‐ARE signalling pathway, which suggests a new mechanism underlying PIO and represents a potential therapeutic approach for AL.
A phase 1 multiple‐ascending dose study of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Furihata Kenichi , Mimura Hanaka , Urva Shweta , Oura Tomonori , Ohwaki Kenji , Imaoka Takeshi
Published: October 2021

Aim

To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

This phase 1, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐dose, multiple‐ascending dose study randomized participants to once‐weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide or placebo. The tirzepatide treatment groups were: 5 mg (5 mg, weeks 1‐8), 10 mg (2.5 mg, weeks 1‐2; 5 mg, weeks 3‐4; 10 mg, weeks 5‐8), and 15 mg (5 mg, weeks 1‐2; 10 mg, weeks 3‐6; 15 mg, weeks 7‐8). The primary outcome was tirzepatide safety and tolerability.

Results

Forty‐eight participants were randomized. The most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were decreased appetite and gastrointestinal AEs, which were generally dose‐dependent and mild in severity. The plasma tirzepatide concentration half‐life was approximately 5 days. After 8 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose decreased from baseline with tirzepatide versus placebo; the least squares (LS) mean decrease compared with placebo (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 52.7 (35.9‐69.6), 69.1 (52.3‐85.9), and 68.9 (53.2‐84.6) mg/dL in the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐mg treatment groups, respectively (P < .0001 for all treatment groups). Tirzepatide also resulted in LS mean decreases from baseline versus placebo at 8 weeks in HbA1c up to 1.6% (95% CI 1.2%‐1.9%; P < .0001 for all treatment groups) and body weight up to 6.6 kg (95% CI 5.3‐7.9; P < .0001 for all treatment groups).

Conclusions

All tirzepatide doses were well tolerated. The safety, tolerability, PK, and PD profiles of tirzepatide support further evaluation of once‐weekly dosing in Japanese people with T2D.
High performance accelerators for deep neural networks: A review
Authors: Akhoon Mohd Saqib , Suandi Shahrel A. , Alshahrani Abdullah , Saad Abdul‐Malik H. Y. , Albogamy Fahad R. , Abdullah Mohd Zaid Bin , Loan Sajad A.
Published: October 2021

The availability of huge structured and unstructured data, advanced highly dense memory and high performance computing machines have provided a strong push for the development in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) domains. AI and machine learning has rekindled the hope of efficiently solving complex problems which was not possible in the recent past. The generation and availability of big‐data is a strong driving force for the development of AI/ML applications, however, several challenges need to be addressed, like processing speed, memory requirement, high bandwidth, low latency memory access, and highly conductive and flexible connections between processing units and memory blocks. The conventional computing platforms are unable to address these issues with machine learning and AI. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely employed for machine learning and AI applications, like speech recognition, computer vison, robotics, and so forth, efficiently and accurately. However, accuracy is achieved at the cost of high computational complexity, sacrificing energy efficiency and throughput like performance measuring parameters along with high latency. To address the problems of latency, energy efficiency, complexity, power consumption, and so forth, a lot of state of the art DNN accelerators have been designed and implemented in the form of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This work provides the state of the art of all these DNN accelerators which have been developed recently. Various DNN architectures, their computing units, emerging technologies used in improving the performance of DNN accelerators will be discussed. Finally, we will try to explore the scope for further improvement in these accelerator designs, various opportunities and challenges for the future research.
Microbial chemolithotrophic oxidation of pyrite in a subsurface shale weathering environment: Geologic considerations and potential mechanisms
Authors: Napieralski Stephanie A. , Fang Yihang , Marcon Virginia , Forsythe Brandon , Brantley Susan L. , Xu Huifang , Roden Eric E.
Published: October 2021

Oxidative weathering of pyrite plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and S in terrestrial environments. While the mechanism and occurrence of biologically accelerated pyrite oxidation under acidic conditions are well established, much less is known about microbially mediated pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH. Recent work (Percak‐Dennett et al., 2017, Geobiology, 15, 690) has demonstrated the ability of aerobic chemolithotrophic microorganisms to accelerate pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH and proposed two mechanistic models by which this phenomenon might occur. Here, we assess the potential relevance of aerobic microbially catalyzed circumneutral pH pyrite oxidation in relation to subsurface shale weathering at Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) in Pennsylvania, USA. Specimen pyrite mixed with native shale was incubated in groundwater for 3 months at the inferred depth of in situ pyrite oxidation. The colonized materials were used as an inoculum for pyrite‐oxidizing enrichment cultures. Microbial activity accelerated the release of sulfate across all conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic analysis revealed the dominance of a putative chemolithoautotrophic sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium from the genus Thiobacillus in the enrichment cultures. Previously proposed models for aerobic microbial pyrite oxidation were assessed in terms of physical constraints, enrichment culture geochemistry, and metagenomic analysis. Although we conclude that subsurface pyrite oxidation at SSCHZO is largely abiotic, this work nonetheless yields new insight into the potential pathways by which aerobic microorganisms may accelerate pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH. We propose a new “direct sulfur oxidation” pathway, whereby sulfhydryl‐bearing outer membrane proteins mediate oxidation of pyrite surfaces through a persulfide intermediate, analogous to previously proposed mechanisms for direct microbial oxidation of elemental sulfur. The action of this and other direct microbial pyrite oxidation pathways have major implications for controls on pyrite weathering rates in circumneutral pH sedimentary environments where pore throat sizes permit widespread access of microorganisms to pyrite surfaces.
Alcohol, smoking, recreational drug use and association with virological outcomes among people living with HIV: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Jones Timothy P. W. , Lampe Fiona C. , Arenas‐Pinto Alejandro , Smith Colette , McDonnell Jeff , Haddow Lewis , Johnson Margaret , Yousef Elaney , Lascar Monica , Maria Geretti Anna , Sherr Lorraine , Collins Simon , Phillips Andrew N. , Rodger Alison J. ,   the ASTRA Study Group
Published: October 2021

Objectives

There is increasing evidence to suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) have significant morbidity from alcohol, recreational drug use and cigarette smoking. Our aim was to report associations of these factors with antiretroviral therapy (ART) non‐adherence, viral non‐suppression and subsequent viral rebound in PLWH.

Methods

The Antiretroviral Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) study recruited PLWH attending eight outpatient clinics in England between February 2011 and December 2012. Data included self‐reported excessive drinking (estimated consumption of > 20 units of alcohol/week), alcohol dependency (CAGE score ≥ 2 with current alcohol consumption), recreational drug use (including injection drug use in the past 3 months), and smoking status. Among participants established on ART, cross‐sectional associations with ART non‐adherence [missing ≥2 consecutive days of ART on ≥2 occasions in the past three months] and viral‐non suppression [viral load (VL) > 50 copies/mL] were assessed using logistic regression. In participants from one centre, longitudinal associations with subsequent viral rebound (first VL > 200 copies/mL) in those on ART with VL ≤ 50 copies/mL at baseline were assessed using Cox regression during a 7‐year follow‐up.

Results

Among 3258 PLWH, 2248 (69.0%) were men who have sex with men, 373 (11.4%) were heterosexual men, and 637 (19.6%) were women. A CAGE score ≥ 2 was found in 568 (17.6%) participants, 325 (10.1%) drank > 20 units/week, 1011 (31.5%) currently smoked, 1242 (38.1%) used recreational drugs and 74 (2.3%) reported injection drug use. In each case, prevalence was much more common among men than among women. Among 2459 people on ART who started at least 6 months previously, a CAGE score ≥ 2, drinking > 20 units per week, current smoking, injection and non‐injection drug use were all associated with ART non‐adherence. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, CAGE score ≥ 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–2.13], current smoking (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.10–2.17) and injection drug use (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.00–4.47) were associated with viral non‐suppression. During follow‐up of a subset of 592 people virally suppressed at recruitment, a CAGE score ≥ 2 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03–2.74], use of 3 or more non‐injection drugs (aHR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–3.57) and injection drug use (aHR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.08–6.89) were associated with viral rebound.

Conclusions

Screening and treatment for alcohol, cigarette and drug use should be integrated into HIV outpatient clinics, while clinicians should be alert to the potential for poorer virological outcomes.
Excluded by crisis management? Legislative hyperactivity in post‐2015 Germany
Authors: Hruschka Constantin , Rohmann Tim
Published: October 2021

This article examines the legislative measures taken by Germany since 2014 to manage the “refugee crisis” and analyses the potential effects on the rights and the well‐being of asylum seekers and persons with protection needs at large. By taking a closer look at the reasoning given in the respective legislative documents we will show the link between the recent changes in the national asylum and migration law and the underlying migration management framework. The article concludes that Germany has seen a shift from a management to a securitization approach, the latter entailing a special emphasis on deportation (“return turn”) rather than focusing on accommodation and integration of those seeking protection. Acting in a mere “crisis mode”, the German legislator has implemented an exclusion paradigm that incrementally substituted the prior inclusive policies over time.
Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during heating and cooling parts of canned‐green‐olive pasteurization
Authors: Jahanbakhshian Nafiseh , Hamdami Nasser
Published: October 2021

Simultaneous modeling of heat and mass transfer was applied in a cylindrical geometry through computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Two‐dimensional equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation were solved using finite elements method. The meshes were 7,882 triangular elements where 1,056 of them were in boundaries. The simulation was solved for a metal can filled with olives (Conservolea CV) and a 6% acid‐brine. Constant thermophysical properties of fluid remained static over the processing period except for the viscosity (temperature dependent) and density (in buoyancy term). The comparison criteria, between the predicted and experimental figures, using to evaluate goodness of fit, namely the coefficient of correlation (r = .9933) and the root mean square error (RMSE = 3.6555) indicated that the model was valid. The warm‐low‐density fluid ascended through a thin boundary layer and exchanging the heat, at the top of the can, where it flowed downward through the pores between the olives. This natural convection displaced the Slowest Heating Zone (SHZ) towards the bottom of the can, and eventually stayed in a region that was about 10 ± 15% of the can height from the bottom. The inactivation time for the most‐heat‐resistant fungus (Monascus rubber) during the thermal processing of green olives at 100°C was 600 s based on SHZ. A comparison between heat transfer by conduction and conduction–convection showed that the rate of heat transfer in conduction–convection was much more than conduction, also the SHZ in conduction was displaced towards the top of the can.

Practical Applications

Comsol Multiphysic, was used in this research in order to predict temperature profile in olive pasteurized in a metal can so that the accurate location of cold point was evaluated and the process time can then be controlled to reduce overheating and nutritional reduction or under heating and safety problems. As the model was validated, all the model results would be accurate to use so that velocity pattern of the fluid was extracted and different assumptions of heat conduction also were considered. The importance of pasteurization in different industries and the significance of reducing energy consumption, reveal our research importance because the calculated‐process time was much lower than what is currently used in industry.
Cost‐effectiveness of telephone cognitive behavioral therapy for osteoarthritis‐related insomnia
Authors: Yeung Kai , Zhu Weiwei , McCurry Susan M. , Von Korff Michael , Wellman Robert , Morin Charles M. , Vitiello Michael V.
Published: October 2021

Background

Osteoarthritis‐related insomnia is the most common form of comorbid insomnia among older Americans. A randomized clinical trial found that six sessions of telephone‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) improved sleep outcomes in this population. Using these data, we evaluated the incremental cost‐effectiveness of CBT‐I from a healthcare sector perspective.

Methods

The study was based on 325 community‐dwelling older adults with insomnia and osteoarthritis pain enrolled with Kaiser Permanente of Washington State.

We measured quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EuroQol 5‐dimension scale. Arthritis‐specific quality of life was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Insomnia‐specific quality of life was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and nights without clinical insomnia (i.e., “insomnia‐free nights”). Total healthcare costs included intervention and healthcare utilization costs.

Results

Over the 12 months after randomization, CBT‐I improved ISI and WOMAC by −2.6 points (95% CI: −2.9 to −2.4) and −2.6 points (95% CI: −3.4 to −1.8), respectively. The ISI improvement translated into 89 additional insomnia‐free nights (95% CI: 79 to 98) over the 12 months. CBT‐I did not significantly reduce total healthcare costs (−$1072 [95% CI: −$1968 to $92]). Improvements in condition‐specific measures were not reflected in QALYs gained (−0.01 [95% CI: −0.01 to 0.01]); at a willingness‐to‐pay of $150,000 per QALY, CBT‐I resulted in a positive net monetary benefit of $369 with substantial uncertainty (95% CI: −$1737 to $2270).

Conclusion

CBT‐I improved sleep and arthritis function without increasing costs. These findings support the consideration of telephone CBT‐I for treating insomnia among older adults with comorbid OA. Our findings also suggest potential limitations of the general quality of life measures in assessing interventions designed to improve sleep and arthritis outcomes.
A chloride efflux transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice
Authors: Ren Zhijie , Bai Fenglin , Xu Jingwen , Wang Li , Wang Xiaohan , Zhang Qian , Feng Changxin , Niu Qi , Zhang Liying , Song Jiali , Bao Fang , Liu Liangyu , He Yikun , Ma Ligeng , Tian Wang , Hou Congcong , Li Legong
Published: October 2021

Grain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild‐type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis.
“Every time the phone rings, my heart stops”: Mothers’ emotional responses to having a young adult child with a substance use disorder
Authors: D’Aniello Carissa , Tambling Rachel , Smith Maggie , Jones Ethan , Silva Melissa
Published: October 2021

When a young adult develops a substance use disorder (SUD), a parent often assumes a caregiving role, and experiences burdens associated with this off‐time life event (Kaur et al., 2018). Mothers and children reciprocally influence one another's emotional processes, impacting proximal process (Bronfenbrenner & Evans, 2000; Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998). The study purpose was to develop a theory of mothers’ experiences of having a young adult child with a SUD. We conducted 14 semi‐structured interviews with mothers who sought support from an online forum for parents of individuals with a SUD. We analyzed responses using Strauss and Corbin's (1990) grounded theory and identified three core categories that focused on participants’ shift from approaching their child from a stance of anxiety and attempts to control their substance use, to anger, and, finally, acceptance of their loved one's autonomy. Findings imply the importance of mothers’ treatment involvement, and specialized services for mothers.
The relationship between therapist interventions and couples' emotional injury resolution in emotion focused couples therapy
Authors: Kula Ofra , Machluf Reut , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Shahar Ben
Published: October 2021

The primary purported change process in emotion‐focused couples therapy (EFT‐C) occurs as therapists assist one partner to access and reveal vulnerable emotions and needs and promotes a subsequent compassionate responding from the other partner. This study aimed to examine the association between therapists' views regarding their interventions during a given session and the degree to which partners reported the session as helpful in resolving their unfinished business. Data from 22 couples who took part in the York Emotional Injury Project and received 10–12 EFT‐C sessions were analyzed using multilevel models. The primary findings revealed that when therapists reported using interventions that promoted acceptance of feelings and needs in a given session, both partners reported higher resolution levels in relation to their partner. Our results suggest that interventions that facilitate responsiveness between partners are particularly important in EFT‐C, and perhaps in couples therapy in general.
Attachment anxiety and avoidance predict postnatal partner support through impaired affective communication
Authors: Calkins Frances C. , Brock Rebecca L.
Published: October 2021

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to investigate perceived difficulties in affective communication as a key mechanism linking attachment anxiety and avoidance during pregnancy to the quality of postpartum support received by partners.

Background

During the postpartum period, partner support has the potential to promote family well‐being by mitigating stress related to changes experienced during this transition. Attachment security is one of the most robust predictors of intimate relationship processes and impacts partner communication and support dynamics.

Method

Heterosexual couples (N = 159) completed surveys and semi‐structured interviews to obtain measures of attachment security, perceived difficulties in affective communication, and quality of partner support quality during pregnancy. At 6 months postpartum, partners completed interviews to assess the quality of partner support received since childbirth.

Results

Greater attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted greater impairments in affective communication for men and women. Paternal difficulties with affective communication predicted the quality of support received by both mothers and fathers during the 6 months following childbirth controlling for prenatal support. The effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on postpartum support were mediated by paternal perceptions of poor affective communication.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate the utility of attachment theory for understanding adaptive and maladaptive prenatal couple dynamics and examining both parents in research on heterosexual couples navigating the pregnancy‐postpartum transition. Results identify deficits in prenatal affective communication as a key factor explaining the link between attachment insecurity and postpartum partner support, warranting closer attention in interventions.
Ethylene‐induced NbMYB4L is involved in resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zhou Xue , Zhang Jian‐Long , Zhang Wei‐Hao , Zhang Li‐Pei , You Chun‐Xiang , Jameson Paula E. , Ma Peng‐Tao , Guo Shan‐Li
Published: October 2021

Several MYB transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant resistance to environmental stressors. However, the mechanism governing the involvement of MYBs in regulating tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance in plants is still unclear. In this study, we found that not only is Nicotiana benthamiana MYB4‐like involved in defence against TMV, but also that the ethylene pathway participates in MYB4L‐mediated resistance. Transcription of NbMYB4L was up‐regulated in N. benthamiana infected with TMV. Silencing of NbMYB4L led to intensified TMV replication, whereas overexpression of NbMYB4L induced significant resistance to TMV. Transcription of NbMYB4L was greater in 1‐aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor)‐pretreated plants but lower when the ethylene signalling pathway was blocked during TMV infection. Gene expression analysis showed that the transcription of NbMYB4L was largely suppressed in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3‐like 1(EIL1)‐silenced plants. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) experiments indicated that NbEIL1 could directly bind to two specific regions of the NbMYB4L promoter. Furthermore, a luciferase assay revealed that NbEIL1 significantly induced the reporter activity of the MYB4L promoter in N. benthamiana. These results point to NbEIL1 functioning as a positive regulator of NbMYB4L transcription in N. benthamiana against TMV. Collectively, our work reveals that EIL1 and MYB4L constitute a coherent feed‐forward loop involved in the robust regulation of resistance to TMV in N. benthamiana.
Herbert McCabe on God and Humanity
Authors: Hewitt Simon
Published: October 2021

Over the eight hundred years of the English Dominican province, few of its members have matched the rigour and depth of thought of Herbert McCabe. This paper presents a brief overview of McCabe's thought, focusing first on his understanding of God and then on his conception of human beings. Like Thomas before him, McCabe thought it vital to think clearly and correctly about both God and humanity, an effort which in the case of God involves recognising the many ways in which we cannot think of God.
The Road to Scottish Dominican Independence 1230–1511
Authors: White Allan James
Published: October 2021

In 1221 the General Chapter of the Order of Preachers (Dominican friars) sent out groups of friars to various European countries. The largest group was sent to England where they established their first priory in the University city of Oxford on the Feast of the Assumption, 1221. Within a decade they had spread to Ireland and has established their first houses in Scotland. The Scottish Dominicans remained part of the English province for close on 300 years. The Scottish Wars of Independence forced a reconsideration of that relationship. In 1481 Scotland became an independent province and adopted the Strict Observance initiated by Raymond of Capua (1330-1399). The province flourished for the first sixty years of its existence before being overwhelmed by the Scottish Reformation.
Oreocharis reticuliflora (Gesneriaceae), a new species from southeastern Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Li‐Hua , Shi Xi‐Zuo
Published: October 2021

Based on morphological observation and literature consultation, a new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae), O. reticuliflora Li H. Yang & X.Z. Shi, is described and illustrated. This new species resembles O. auricula, but differs by its conspicuous and reticular secondary veins, corolla with a network of violet stripes on each lip lobe, glandular‐pubescent ovary, shorter capsule and being densely brown woolly on the abaxial leaf surface, outside of bracts and calyx lobes. A detailed morphological description and photographic illustration of the new species are presented.
Coreomyces (Laboulbeniales) in Sweden, with two new species
Authors: Sundberg Henrik , Kruys Åsa , Bergsten Johannes , Ekman Stefan
Published: October 2021

The genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota) includes minute parasites on water boatmen (Corixidae, Hemiptera, Insecta). This taxonomic study is primarily based on freshly sampled corixids infected by Coreomyces from Sweden, although a few samples from Denmark and Turkey were also included. All records were verified using DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat region. We recognise four species, two of which are new to science: Coreomyces confusus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov., C. corixae Thaxt., C. dextrorsus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov. and C. macropus Thaxt. Coreomyces corixae is new to Denmark, Sweden and Turkey, while C. macropus is new to Denmark and Sweden. Coreomyces confusus is morphologically very similar to C. macropus and also occupies the same positions on the same host species, although it seems to be less common. Coreomyces dextrorsus resembles C. corixae morphologically but is usually considerably larger. It infects the same host species as C. corixae and also shares one of its positions on the host with C. corixae, although it is much more common in its species‐specific position. All four species can inhabit two different yet distinct positions on the host. We observe that morphology is affected by the position on the host and that different species sharing the same position on the host tend to be difficult or impossible to separate on morphology only. We conclude that species circumscriptions in Coreomyces must be based on the integration of molecular and morphological data.
PuC3H35 confers drought tolerance by enhancing lignin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the roots of Populus ussuriensis
Authors: Li Dandan , Yang Jingli , Pak Solme , Zeng Minzhen , Sun Jiali , Yu Sen , He Yuting , Li Chenghao
Published: October 2021

Since the roots are the very organ where plants first sense and respond drought stress, it is of great importance to better understand root responses to drought. Yet the underlying molecular mechanisms governing root responses to drought stress have been poorly understood.

Here, we identified and functionally characterized a CCCH type transcription factor, PuC3H35, and its targets, anthocyanin reductase (PuANR) and early Arabidopsis aluminum induced1 (PuEARLI1), which are involved in mediating proanthocyanidin (PA) and lignin biosynthesis in response to drought stress in Populus ussuriensis root.

PuC3H35 was root‐specifically induced upon drought stress. Overexpressing PuC3H35 promoted PA and lignin biosynthesis and vascular tissue development, resulting in enhanced tolerance to drought stress by the means of anti‐oxidation and mechanical supporting. We further demonstrated that PuC3H35 directly bound to the promoters of PuANR and PuEARLI1 and overexpressing PuANR or PuEARLI1 increased root PA or lignin levels, respectively, under drought stress.

Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory pathway for drought tolerance, in which PuC3H35 mediated PA and lignin biosynthesis by collaboratively regulating ‘PuC3H35‐PuANR‐PA’ and ‘PuC3H35‐PuEARLI1‐PuCCRs‐lignin’ modules in poplar roots.
Decreased access to pediatric liver transplantation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kemme Sarah , Yoeli Dor , Sundaram Shikha S. , Adams Megan A. , Feldman Amy G.
Published: October 2021

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected all aspects of the US healthcare system, including liver transplantation. The objective of this study was to understand national changes to pediatric liver transplantation during COVID‐19.

Methods

Using SRTR data, we compared waitlist additions, removals, and liver transplantations for pre‐COVID‐19 (March‐November 2016–2019), early COVID‐19 (March‐May 2020), and late COVID‐19 (June‐November 2020).

Results

Waitlist additions decreased by 25% during early COVID‐19 (41.3/month vs. 55.4/month, p < .001) with black candidates most affected (p = .04). Children spent longer on the waitlist during early COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID‐19 (140 vs. 96 days, p < .001). There was a 38% decrease in liver transplantations during early COVID‐19 (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.78), recovering to pre‐pandemic rates during late COVID‐19 (IRR 1.03, NS), and no change in percentage of living and deceased donors. White children had a 30% decrease in overall liver transplantation but no change in living donor liver transplantation (IRR 0.7, 95% CI 0.50–0.95; IRR 0.96, NS), while non‐white children had a 44% decrease in overall liver transplantation (IRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40–0.77) and 81% decrease in living donor liver transplantation (IRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.02–0.76).

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic decreased access to pediatric liver transplantation, particularly in its early stage. There were no regional differences in liver transplantation during COVID‐19 despite the increased national sharing of organs. While pediatric liver transplantation has resumed pre‐pandemic levels, ongoing racial disparities must be addressed.
Fractal analysis reveals functional unit of ventilation in the lung
Authors: Bayat Sam , Broche Ludovic , Dégrugilliers Loïc , Porra Liisa , Paiva Manuel , Verbanck Sylvia
Published: October 2021

Ventilation is inhomogeneous in the lungs across species. It has been hypothesized that ventilation inhomogeneity is largely determined by the design of the airway branching network. Because exchange of gases at the alveolar barrier is more efficient when gas concentrations are evenly distributed at subacinar length scales, it is assumed that a ‘functional unit’ of ventilation exists within the lung periphery, where gas concentration becomes uniform. On the other hand, because the morphology of pulmonary airways and alveoli, and the distribution of inhaled fluorescent particles show self‐similar fractal properties over a wide range of length scales, it has been predicted that fractal dimension of ventilation approaches unity within an internally homogeneous functional unit of ventilation. However, the existence of such a functional unit has never been demonstrated experimentally due to lack of in situ gas concentration measurements of sufficient spatial resolution in the periphery of a complex bifurcating network. Here, using energy‐subtractive synchrotron radiation tomography, we measured the distribution of an inert gas (Xe) in the in vivo rabbit lung during Xe wash‐in breathing manoeuvres. The effects of convective flow rate, diffusion and cardiac motion were also assessed. Fractal analysis of resulting gas concentration and tissue density maps revealed that fractal dimension was always smaller for Xe than for tissue density, and that only for the gas, a length scale existed where fractal dimension approached unity. The length scale where this occurred was seen to correspond to that of a rabbit acinus, the terminal structure comprising only alveolated airways.

Key points

Gas ventilation is inhomogeneous in the lung of many species. However, it is not known down to what length scales this inhomogeneity persists.

It is generally assumed that ventilation becomes homogeneous at subacinar length scales, beyond the spatial resolution of commonly available imaging techniques, hence this has not been demonstrated experimentally.

Here we measured the distribution of inhaled Xe gas in the rabbit lung using synchrotron radiation energy‐subtractive imaging and used fractal analysis to show that ventilation becomes internally uniform within regions about the size of rabbit lung acini.
Thermocapillary Fingering of a Gravity-Driven Self-Rewetting Fluid Film Flowing Down a Vertical Slippery Wall
Authors: Ma Chicheng , Liu Jianlin
Published: October 2021

The surface tension of a self-rewetting fluid (SRF) has a nonmonotonic variation with the increase of temperature, implying potential applications in many industrial fields. In this paper, flow patterns and stability analysis are numerically performed for a gravity-driven self-rewetting fluid film flowing down a heated vertical plane with wall slip. Using the thin film theory, the evolution equation for the interfacial thickness is derived. The discussion is given considering two cases in the review of the temperature difference between the interfacial temperature and the temperature corresponding to the minimum surface tension. The base state of the two-dimensional flow is first obtained, and the influence of the Marangoni effect and slippery effect is analyzed. Then linear stability analysis and related numerical verification are displayed, showing good consistency with each other. For a low interfacial temperature, the Marangoni promotes the fingering instability, and for a high interfacial temperature, the inverse Marangoni impedes the surface instability. The wall slip is found to influence the free surface in a complex way because it can either destabilize or stabilize the flow of the free surface.
A Bridgewater Treatise for the 21st Century
Authors: Pennock Robert T.
Published: October 2021

Darwin and Design
Does Evolution Have a Purpose?. Michael Ruse. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003. 381 pp. $29.95, £19.95, €29.95. ISBN 0-674-01023-X.

Ruse offers a history and discussion of teleological thinking--from the introduction of the argument from design, through Darwin's recognition of natural selection, to current disputes within evolutionary biology and present claims of "intelligent design" advocates.
Lost at sea
Authors: Preston Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

A growing sensory smog threatens the ability of fish to communicate, navigate, and survive.
Nuclear PTEN enhances the maturation of a microRNA regulon to limit MyD88-dependent susceptibility to sepsis
Authors: Sisti Flavia , Wang Soujuan , Brandt Stephanie L. , Glosson-Byers Nicole , Mayo Lindsey D. , Son Young Min , Sturgeon Sarah , Filgueiras Luciano , Jancar Sonia , Wong Hector , Dela Cruz Charles S. , Andrews Nathaniel , Alves-Filho Jose Carlos , Cunha Fernando Q. , Serezani C. Henrique
Published: October 2021

Nuclear localization of the phosphatase PTEN prevents cytokine storm–mediated organ injury during sepsis.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cyanobacteria
Leptolyngbya
spp. Isolated from Microbial Mats in Miravalles Thermal Spring, Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes-Guillén L. , Vidaurre-Barahona D. , Mora-López M. , Uribe-Lorío L.
Published: October 2021

We report the draft genome sequences of
Leptolyngbya
sp. strain 7M and
Leptolyngbya
sp. strain 15MV, isolated from Miravalles Thermal Spring, Costa Rica. The thermophilic cyanobacteria exhibit unique diversity features that provide insight into the adaptation and evolution of phototrophic microorganisms in geothermal habitats.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome presenting with facial diplegia following COVID‐19 vaccination in two patients
Authors: Kanabar Gorande , Wilkinson Phil
Published: October 2021

In March 2020, the WHO declared COVID‐19 to be a global pandemic and since December 2020, millions of vaccines have been administered. To date, cases of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) following a COVID vaccine (Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen, AstraZeneca) have been reported. A 61-year-old woman developed bilateral asymmetrical lower motor neuron (LMN) facial weakness followed by limb symptoms, 10 days after receiving the first dose of AstraZeneca COVID vaccine. The second patient was a 56-year-old man who, 9 days after receiving first dose of AstraZeneca COVID vaccine, developed bilateral asymmetrical LMN facial weakness with limb symptoms. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered with rapid recovery. These cases of GBS following the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine add to cohort of patients reported. We flag up to raise awareness of this condition post‐COVID‐19 vaccine and highlight the prominent bifacial involvement. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin led to rapid recovery.
Conservative management of long-standing traumatised maxillary central incisor with incomplete apex and severe internal resorption using triple antibiotic paste, mineral trioxide aggregate and fiber-reinforced composite
Authors: Mehta Vivek , Raheja Anupma , Singh Rajeev Kumar
Published: October 2021

Traumatic dental injuries result in damage to many dental and periradicular structures. They can be conservatively managed depending on the extent of the injury. Maxillary central incisors are most commonly involved in traumatic dental injuries mainly because of their anterior and protrusive positioning. The treatment of immature permanent teeth with severe internal resorption poses a lot of challenges to the clinician. The objective of the present article is to report successful management of traumatised maxillary central incisor with incomplete root formation and severe internal resorption in a 10-year-old boy using triple antibiotic paste, mineral trioxide aggregate and fibre-reinforced composite.