bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PERAN PERAWAT DALAM TIMBANG TERIMA DENGAN UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Authors: Andi mappanganro  , Vifta Ekariani
Published: August 2019

Perawat mempunyai peranan penting untuk mendorong peningkatan keselamatan pasien, salah satunya adalah komunikasi yang baik antar sesama perawat pada saat pelaksanaan timbang terima. Kegagalan dalam melakukan komunikasi pada saat timbang terima dapat menimbulkan dampak yang serius terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran perawat dalam timbang terima dengan upaya mengoptimalkan keselamatan pasien diruang rawat inap bedah Rumah Sakit TK II Pelamonia.

            Metodepenelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metodekuantitatifdenganpendekatancross sectional study yaitusuatustudimengukurvariabeldalamsatuwaktusekaligus.Adapun penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Nonprobability Sampling dengan jenis Pursposive Sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Uji hubungan dengan menggunakan uji statistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan  = 0,05.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kategori baik mengenai peran perawat dalam timbang terimaada85,0% perawat dan kategori kurang baikada15,0% perawat. Sedangkan upaya mengoptimalkan keselamatan pasien, 82,5% perawat yang mengoptimalkan dan 17,5% perawat yang kurang mengoptimalkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan  bahwa ada hubungan peran perawat dalam timbang terima dengan upaya mengoptimalkan keselamatan pasien dengan nilai  ρ=0,005.

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan peran perawat dalam timbang terima dengan upaya mengoptimalkan keselamatan pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit TK II Pelamonia. Saran dalam penelitian ini diharapkan perawat lebih mematuhi Standar Operational Procedur (SOP) di ruangandanmengoptimalkantimbangterima. Selainitu, instansidiharapkanmeningkatkankegiatansupervisi, dukunganinstitusikepadaperawatuntukmelanjutkanpendidikandanpelatihansecaraberkesinambungansehingga dapat meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit.
PENANGGULANGAN STUNTING DAN PEMBERIAN ASUPAN NUTRISI DENGAN KEJADIAN STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK USIA 0-5 TAHUN
Authors: Ana samiatul  , Nurbaeti Zen Dini , Rosdiana Nina
Published: August 2019

Stunting  adalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan nutrisi (Karbohidrat,Protein, vitamin, mineral, lemak) dalam waktu yang cukup lama, sehingga mengakibatkan gangguan pertumbuhan pada anak dalam usia pertumbuhan yakni tinggi badan anak menjadi lebih rendah  atau pendek dari standar usianya. Pola asuh yang benar bisa ditempuh dengan memberikan perhatian yang penuh serta kasih sayang pada anak, memberinya waktu yang cukup untuk menikmati kebersamaan dengan seluruh anggota keluarga. Kejadian ini terjadi di Kabupaten ciamis yang kami teliti pada bulan periode  Februari – Juli Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Penanggulangan  Stunting dan pemberian asupan nutrisi dengan kejadian status gizi pada anak usia 0-5 tahun  di desa baregbeg kabupaten ciamis tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan  metode penelitian deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah semua ibu yang memiliki balita 0-5 tahun di Desa Baregbeg  Kecamatan Baregbeg  Kabupaten ciamis sebanyak 74 orang dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan diantaranya status gizi balita adalah kategori gizi kurang sebanyak 43 orang (58,1%), kebiasaan pemberian makan kategori cukup sebanyak 58 orang (91,9%), kebiasaan pengasuhan kategori kurang 35 responden (47,4%), kebiasaan kebersihan kategori cukup sebanyak 39 orang (52,7%), kebiasaan pelayanan kesehatan kategori cukup sebanyak 38 orang (51,3%).Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa angka status gizi di desa Baregbeg Kecamatan Baregbeg Kabupaten Ciamis tahun 2019 berada dalam  kategori kurang sebanyak 43 orang (58,1%). Keimpulan, Dari pengetahuan tentang hasil penelitian ini diharapkan terjadinya  Suatu peningkatan peran dan fungsi ibu  yang sebenarnya dalam pola pengasuhan balita agar angka status gizi yang diharapkan  meningkat menjadi lebih baik demi terciptanya generasi yang lebih baik untuk kemajuan bangsa dan negara Indonesia.
Use of Address Forms Related to Social Factors and Proxemic in 12 Angry Men Movie
Authors: Elriyan Veno , Marzona Yessy
Published: August 2019

This research discusses the use of address forms created in a conversation in a film entitled 12 Angry Men [1957).This study was conducted to look at the forms of address forms used by participants and related to social factors that influence the choice of address form, as well as the relationship between the choice of address forms and the types of proxemics that occurs between participants.
In writing this thesis, the observation method is taken as a method of collecting the data. For method of analyzing the data, the writer uses the content analysis method by analyzing the content of primary data. Technique of collecting the data using qualitative techniques by taking notes in collecting primary data. In the technique of analyzing the data, the writer uses the content analysis technique.
From the 20 data analyzed, it was found that there were three types of address forms present in this movie. The first type is the Title with a percentage of 75 percent. The second type is the Nickname with a percentage of 15 percent. The last type is a combination of some forms with a percentage of 10 percent. The social factors that influence the choice of address forms in this film are due to social status, particular occasion and occupational hierarchy. Whereas in proxemic is dominated by the use of social distance. It can be concluded that the occurrence of variations in the use of address forms can be caused by various social factors, and the use of distance (proxemics) and address forms occur at the same time.
Moral Intuitions in the Moral Luck Discourse
Authors: Juzaszek Maciej
Published: September 2019

The main aim of the author is to analyze the term “moral intuitions”, used in discussions pertaining to moral luck. He presents the contemporary psychological estimation of moral intuitions based on the research of Jonathan Haidt (Social Intuitionist Model) and philosophical moral intuitionism. He claims that these two approaches do not have one subject of interest; hence, psychologists and philosophers study two different phenomena, both of which can serve as grounds for discussion concerning moral luck. However, the author concludes that there are valid reasons to question the normative status of moral intuitions in both psychological and philosophical senses, proving the discussion to be very complicated. On the other hand, he names coherentism as a possible cipher to adequately describe or even solve the problem of moral luck.
ANATOMÍA INTERNA DE INCISIVOS INFERIORES
Authors: Kun Astudillo Kenia
Published: September 2019

El conocimiento de la anatomía del intrincado y complejo sistema de conductos radiculares de cada grupo dentario es unprerrequisito para el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico sumado a un correcto diagnóstico, preparación quimiomecánica y obturación del sistema de conductos. Varios estudios reportan la presencia de conductos adicionales en incisivos inferiores, de ahí que es necesario conocer las diversidades anatómicas del sistema de conductos de estas piezas dentales catalogadas por muchos profesionales como piezas “fáciles de tratar endodónticamente” por presentar un solo conducto radicular. Se han empleado diversas técnicas para el estudio del sistema de conductos de los diferentes grupos dentarios, sin embargo el método de diafanización, es uno de los más empleados debido a que permite obtener piezas dentales translúcidas con conductos radiculares y sus posibles variantes anatómicas. El presente artículo confirma la existencia de conductos adicionales en incisivos inferiores y su variabilidad anatómica.
CIERRE DE PERFORACIÓN A NIVEL DEL TERCIO APICAL CON BIODENTINE: REPORTE DE UN CASO
Authors: HERRERA MARÍA  VERÓNICA , MIRANDA MARÍA CRISTINA
Published: September 2019

Antecedentes: El presente caso clínico se desarrolló en la clínica de posgrado de la Facultad deOdontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, en donde se realizó el sellado de la perforación a nivel del tercio apical, el procedimientose ejecutó con Biodentine (Septodont) el cuales un nuevo cemento de silicato de calcio quepresenta propiedades biocompatibles y bioactivas que permiten la remineralización del defectoóseo (4).Objetivo: Presentar el reporte de un caso acerca de una perforación a nivel apical tratada conBiodentine formando así un tope apical.Conclusiones: El Biodentine es un cementobiocerámico el cual ha mostrado excelentes resultados tanto en su biocompatibilidad, microdureza, tiempo de trabajo, entre otras características, por lo que resultó favorable y de granéxito en el tratamiento y evolución del caso quese presenta; siendo así este material una elección primordial para el especialista. (5).
PAH Products and Processing by Different Energy Sources
Authors: Cruz-Diaz G. A. , Erickson S. E. , Silveira E. F. da , Ricca A. , de Barros A. L. F. , da Costa C. A. P. , Pereira R. C. , Mattioda A. L.
Published: August 2019

Isoviolanthrene (C34H18), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule, was studied via matrix isolation in argon and water at 20 K. Infrared spectroscopy was performed in situ where samples were irradiated using ultraviolet light. Experimental spectra were compared to theoretical spectra for vibrational band assignment, determination of the corresponding A-values, and photoproduct identification. Isoviolanthrene was also deposited as a thin film and irradiated with different energy sources: ultraviolet photons (10.2 eV), soft electrons (1.5 keV), protons (1.5 MeV), and He+ particles (1.5 MeV), to understand the effects of different energy sources on a PAH. Anions and cations of isoviolanthrene were produced as a result of UV photolysis in an argon matrix. Hydrogen- and oxygen-rich aromatic photoproducts were produced by ultraviolet photons when isoviolanthrene was isolated in a water matrix. The irradiated PAH thin films results were dependent on the energy source. Irradiation with ultraviolet photons yielded a broad underlying feature centered at 9.6 μm, while bombardment with soft electrons gave a broad feature centered at 7.7 μm. In the case of proton bombardment, no broad feature was detected, in contrast with He+ bombardment that destroyed most of the isoviolanthrene and produced broad features in the C-Hoop and C–H stretching regions. A comparison of astronomical IR emission observations with our experimental results in the mid-infrared range has revealed a similarity between the observed plateaus and the broad features produced by our experiments.
Resolved ALMA Continuum Image of the Circumbinary Ring and Circumstellar Disks in the L1551 IRS 5 System
Authors: Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Kóspál Ágnes , Ábrahám Péter , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Takami Michihiro
Published: August 2019

L1551 IRS 5 is a FUor-like object located in the Taurus star-forming region. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum observations using a wide range of baselines. The observations recovered the two circumstellar disks comprising the system and, for the first time, resolved the circumbinary ring. We determined the geometry and estimated lower mass limits for the circumstellar disks using simple models. We calculated lower limits for the total mass of both circumstellar disks. After subtracting the two circumstellar disk models from the image, the residuals show a clearly resolved circumbinary ring. Using a radiative transfer model, we show that geometrical effects can explain some of the brightness asymmetries found in the ring. The remaining features are interpreted as enhancements in the dust density.
Distinct Properties of the Radio Burst Emission from the Magnetar XTE J1810–197
Authors: Maan Yogesh , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Surnis Mayuresh P. , Bagchi Manjari , Manoharan P. K.
Published: September 2019

XTE J1810−197 (PSR J1809-1943) was the first magnetar that was found to emit transient radio emission. It has recently undergone another radio and high-energy outburst. This is only the second radio outburst that has been observed from this source. We observed J1810−197 soon after its recent radio outburst at low radio frequencies using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We present the 650 MHz flux density evolution of the source in the early phases of the outburst, and its radio spectrum down to frequencies as low as 300 MHz. The magnetar also exhibits radio emission in the form of strong, narrow bursts. We show that the bursts have a characteristic intrinsic width of the order of 0.5–0.7 ms, and discuss their properties in the context of giant pulses and giant micropulses from other pulsars. We also show that the bursts exhibit spectral structures that cannot be explained by interstellar propagation effects. These structures might indicate a phenomenological link with the repeating fast radio bursts that also show interesting, more detailed frequency structures. While the spectral structures are particularly noticeable in the early phases of the outburst, these seem to be less prominent as well as less frequent in the later phases, suggesting an evolution of the underlying cause of these spectral structures.
Do Androids Dream of Magnetic Fields? Using Neural Networks to Interpret the Turbulent Interstellar Medium
Authors: Peek J. E. G. , Burkhart Blakesley
Published: September 2019

The interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies is composed of a turbulent magnetized plasma. In order to quantitatively measure relevant turbulent parameters of the ISM, a wide variety of statistical techniques and metrics have been developed that are often tested using numerical simulations and analytic formalism. These metrics are typically based on the Fourier power spectrum, which does not capture the Fourier phase information that carries the morphological characteristics of images. In this work we use density slices of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence simulations to demonstrate that a modern tool, convolutional neural networks, can capture significant information encoded in the Fourier phases. We train the neural network to distinguish between two simulations with different levels of magnetization. We find that, even given a tiny slice of simulation data, a relatively simple network can distinguish sub-Alfvénic (strong magnetic field) and super-Alfvénic (weak magnetic field) turbulence >98% of the time, even when all spectral amplitude information is stripped from the images. In order to better understand how the neural network is picking out differences between the two classes of simulations we apply a neural network analysis method called “saliency maps.” The saliency map analysis shows that sharp ridge-like features are a distinguishing morphological characteristic in such simulations. Our analysis provides a way forward for deeper understanding of the relationship between magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and gas morphology and motivates further applications of neural networks for studies of turbulence. We make publicly available all data and software needed to reproduce our results.
Limits on the Weak Equivalence Principle and Photon Mass with FRB 121102 Subpulses
Authors: Xing Nan , Gao He , Wei Jun-Jie , Li Zhengxiang , Wang Weiyang , Zhang Bing , Wu Xue-Feng , Mészáros Peter
Published: September 2019

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short-duration (∼millisecond) radio transients with cosmological origin. The simple sharp features of the FRB signal have been utilized to probe two fundamental laws of physics, namely, testing Einstein’s weak equivalence principle and constraining the rest mass of the photon. Recently, Hessels et al. found that after correcting for dispersive delay, some of the bursts in FRB 121102 have complex time–frequency structures that include subpulses with a time–frequency downward drifting property. Using the delay time between subpulses in FRB 121102, here we show that the parameterized post-Newtonian parameter γ is the same for photons with different energies to the level of

, which is 1000 times better than previous constraints from FRBs using similar methods. We also obtain a stringent constraint on the photon mass, m

γ
 < 5.1 × 10−48 g, which is 10 times smaller than previous best limits on the photon mass derived through the velocity dispersion method.
IL-6 Activities in the Tumour Microenvironment. Part 1
Authors: Chonov Dimitur Chavdarov , Ignatova Maria Magdalena Krasimirova , Ananiev Julian Rumenov , Gulubova Maya Vladova
Published: September 2019

The predominant role of IL-6 in cancer is its key promotion of tumour growth. IL-6 binds IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the membrane-bound glycoprotein gp130. The complex I-6/IL-6R/gp130 starts the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or JAK/STAT3 pathway. IL-6R exits in two forms: a membrane-bound IL-6Rα subunit (mIL-6R) that participates in classic signalling pathway and soluble IL-6R subunit (sIL-6R) engaged in trans-signalling. The pro-tumour functions of IL-6 are associated with STAT3, a major oncogenic transcription factor that triggers up-regulation of target genes responsible for tumour cell survival. IL-6 combined with TGF-β induces proliferation of pathogenic Th17 cells. The anti-tumour function of IL-6 is the promotion of anti-tumour immunity. IL-6 trans-signaling contributed to transmigration of lymphocytes in high endothelial venules (HEV). Dendritic cell (DC) secreted IL-6 in the lymph node influences the activation, distribution and polarisation of the immune response. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and increased expression of IL-6 in tumour tissue are negative prognostic marker for patients’ survival.
Distribution model and habitat characteristics of Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Bekchiev Rostislav , Kostova Rumyana , Popgeorgiev Georgi , Ilieva Maya
Published: September 2019

Morimus asper funereus is a protected longhorn beetle species of community interest and conservation importance. It is included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive (as M. funereus) and protected under the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act. Although this saproxylic beetle is widespread in old-growth forests or well-structured woodlands in Central and Southeast Europe, its populations are currently threatened by forest practices, such as the removal of wood (branches and logs) (Hardersen et al. 2017). The species is with limited dispersal ability (due to lack of wings) and is very likely to possess very isolated and localized populations. In addition, M. asper funereus is of considerable interest from a taxonomic point of view with unclear taxonomic status for as much as Morimus asper is a morphologically highly variable species. At present, at least three species/subspecies of the genus Morimus are known from the territory of Bulgaria - Morimus asper, M. orientalis and M. vercundus bulgaricus (Danilevsky et al. 2016). Although, it is considered M. asper to be met almost everywhere in Bulgaria, its distribution is still not sufficiently known. We started a systematic and more intensive study on the species distribution in 2012 with the mapping of NATURA 2000 sites. Until the present study 54 localities from the literature had been known, after 562 new records have been added. The available information is organised in a database incorporated into the platform “SmartBirds Pro” - https://smartbirds.org (Popgeorgiev et al. 2015), part of which gives the possibility for registration of protected beetle species. In addition, the platform provides free access to all data (type, location, coordinates, date, observer). Here we present all available data for the species records, and its potential distribution and habitat preference for the territory of Bulgaria via deductive model, using the possibilities of GIS and MAXENT (Fourcade et al. 2014).
From Scotland to India: the Sources of James Fergusson’s Theory of Architecture’s “True Styles”
Authors: Kohane Peter
Published: September 2019

James Fergusson’s (1808-86) books on architectural history were widely read in Britain, America, India and Australia. He was born in the Scottish town of Ayr and educated at the Royal High School in Edinburgh. Family connections made it possible for him to work and travel in India between 1829 and 1839. Fergusson wrote notes on a vast array of the country’s antiquities. He began publishing this material in London during the 1840s and completed a comprehensive survey of the subject in 1876, the History of Indian and Eastern Styles of Architecture. For him, each Indian architectural style was classified according to its region and period, as well as the religion and race of the builders. This essay considers the Scottish background for Fergusson’s writings of India, particularly as set out in letters and a diary, written during his journeys within the country. He discerned an ideal, in which the arts of agriculture and architecture are similarly practiced in a logical manner. Fergusson was especially impressed by the way workers in India respected common sense when constructing and adorning a building. Such an edifice was described as “pure”; and conformed to his mature definition of a “true style” of architecture.
Optimization of Friction Surfacing Process Parameters on Low Carbon Steel Using Taguchi Approach
Authors: Kumar U. Ashok , Kasi Bharadwaj , Laxminarayana P.
Published: August 2019

Friction surfacing is a solid-state coating technique process in which a mechtrode is rotated against the substrate under pressure, henceforth forming a coat on the substrate. This process not only can be used as coating process but it also provides flexibility in coating different materials as a revamp manufacturing process and it is suitable for getting excellent mechanical properties after the surfaced deposits. Bond strength is very good and these deposits are expected to serve better service life. The present work deals with mechtrode of SS-316, D3-tool steel and aa-2014 are coated on low carbon steel substrate by friction surfacing process and design of experiment were done by using taguchi L9 orthogonal array where the process parameters are mechtrode, rotational speed and traverse speed. The coating thickness, coating width and the SEM-microstructure analysis were studied.
Tracheoesophageal puncture site closure with sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous transposition flap
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Yadav Prabha , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant , Gujjalanavar Rajendra Suresh , Puranik Prashant
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis is highly effective in providing speech after total laryngectomy. Although it is a safe method, in certain cases dilatation or leakage occurs around the prosthesis that needs closure of tracheoesophageal fistula. Both non-surgical and surgical methods for closure have been described. Surgical methods are used when non-surgical methods fail. We present the use of the sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous (SCMMC) transposition flap for the closure of tracheoesophageal fistula. Materials and Methods: An incision is made at the mucocutaneous junction circumferentially around the tracheostoma. Tracheoesophageal space is dissected down to and beyond the fistula. The tracheoesophageal tract is divided. The oesophageal mucosa is closed with simple sutures. Then SCMMC transposition flap is raised and transposed to cover sutured oesophagus and the defect between the oesophagus and the trachea. Results: This study was done prospectively over a period of 1 year from June 2012 to May 2013. This technique was used in patients with pliable neck skin. In nine patients, this procedure was done (inferior based flap in nine cases) and it was successful in eight patients. In one case, there was dehiscence at the leading edge of flap with oesophageal dehiscence, which required a second procedure. In two cases, there was marginal necrosis of flap, which healed without any intervention. Nine patients in this series were post-radiation. Conclusion: This method of closure is simple and effective for patients with pliable neck skin, who require permanent closure of the tracheoesophageal fistula.
Anti-Wolbachia therapy for onchocerciasis & lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Wan Sulaiman Wan Aliaa , Kamtchum-Tatuene Joseph , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Ching Siew Mooi , Sazlly Lim Sazlyna Mohd , Hashim Hasnur Zaman , Inche Mat Liyana Najwa , Hoo Fan Kee , Basri Hamidon
Published: September 2019

Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are human filarial diseases belonging to the group of neglected tropical diseases, leading to permanent and long-term disability in infected individuals in the endemic countries such as Africa and India. Microfilaricidal drugs such as ivermectin and albendazole have been used as the standard therapy in filariasis, although their efficacy in eliminating the diseases is not fully established. Anti-Wolbachia therapy employs antibiotics and is a promising approach showing potent macrofilaricidal activity and also prevents embryogenesis. This has translated to clinical benefits resulting in successful eradication of microfilarial burden, thus averting the risk of adverse events from target species as well as those due to co-infection with loiasis. Doxycycline shows potential as an anti-Wolbachia treatment, leading to the death of adult parasitic worms. It is readily available, cheap and safe to use in adult non-pregnant patients. Besides doxycycline, several other potential antibiotics are also being investigated for the treatment of LF and onchocerciasis. This review aims to discuss and summarise recent developments in the use of anti-Wolbachia drugs to treat onchocerciasis and LF.
Association of endotoxaemia & gut permeability with complications of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Singh Namrata , Sonika Ujjwal , Moka Praneeth , Sharma Brij , Sachdev Vikas , Mishra Sushil Kumar , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Saraya Anoop
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:

In acute pancreatitis (AP) gut barrier dysfunction is considered as an important predisposing factor leading to increased intestinal permeability (IP). In this study a pooled analysis of data published in our previous four studies on various aspects of gut permeability and endotoxaemia in patients with AP was attempted to find an association between increased IP and severity of disease and associated complications.

Methods:

This study was a pooled analysis of data of four previously published prospective studies on AP. Gut permeability, assessed by lactulose/mannitol excretion in urine and endotoxin core antibodies type IgG and IgM (EndoCab IgG and IgM) were measured on days zero and seven (D0 and D7) of admission. All patients received standard treatment of AP. We studied whether IgG and IgM anti-endotoxin titres and lactulose-mannitol ratio (LMR) at admission and D7 were associated with organ failure, infection and mortality.

Results:

The titres of anti-endotoxin IgG and IgM were lower in all patients of AP (n=204), both in mild AP (n=24) and severe AP (n=180) in the first week, compared to controls (n=15). There was no significant difference in serum IgG and IgM anti-endotoxin levels and LMR at baseline and at D7 among patients with organ failure, infection and mortality.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our findings showed that serum IgG and IgM anti-endotoxin titres and LMR at admission and at day 7 were not associated with organ failure, infection, and death of patients with AP.
New estimate of particulate emissions from Indonesian peat fires in 2015
Authors: Kiely Laura , Spracklen Dominick V. , Wiedinmyer Christine , Conibear Luke , Reddington Carly L. , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Lowe Douglas , Arnold Stephen R. , Knote Christoph , Khan Md Firoz , Latif Mohd Talib , Kuwata Mikinori , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Syaufina Lailan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Indonesia contains large areas of peatland that have been drained
and cleared of natural vegetation, making them susceptible to burning. Peat
fires emit considerable amounts of carbon dioxide, particulate matter (PM)
and other trace gases, contributing to climate change and causing regional
air pollution. However, emissions from peat fires are uncertain, due to
uncertainties in emission factors and fuel consumption. We used the Weather
Research and Forecasting model with chemistry and measurements of PM
concentrations to constrain PM emissions from Indonesian fires during 2015,
one of the largest fire seasons in recent decades. We estimate primary
PM2.5 (particles with diameters less than 2.5 µm) emissions from
fires across Sumatra and Borneo during September–October 2015 were 7.33 Tg, a factor 3.5 greater than those in the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINNv1.5),
which does not include peat burning. We estimate similar dry fuel
consumption and CO2 emissions to those in the Global Fire Emissions
Database (GFED4s, including small fires) but PM2.5
emissions that are a factor of 1.8 greater, due to updated PM2.5 emission factors for Indonesian peat.
Fires were responsible for an additional 3.12 Tg of secondary organic
aerosol formation. Through comparing simulated and measured PM
concentrations, our work provides independent support of these updated
emission factors. We estimate peat burning contributed 71 % of total
primary PM2.5 emissions from fires in Indonesia during September–October
2015. We show that using satellite-retrieved soil moisture to modify the
assumed depth of peat burn improves the simulation of PM, increasing the
correlation between simulated and observed PM from 0.48 to 0.56. Overall,
our work suggests that peat fires in Indonesia produce substantially greater
PM emissions than estimated in current emission inventories, with
implications for the predicted air quality impacts of peat burning.
On the Limit to the Accuracy of Regional-Scale Air Quality Models
Authors: Rao S. Trivikrama , Luo Huiying , Astitha Marina , Hogrefe Christian , Garcia Valerie , Mathur Rohit
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Regional-scale air pollution models are routinely being used world-wide for research, forecasting air quality, and regulatory purposes. It is well known that there are both reducible and irreducible uncertainties in the meteorology-atmospheric chemistry modeling systems. Inherent or irreducible uncertainties stem from our inability to properly characterize stochastic variations in atmospheric dynamics and from the incommensurability associated with comparisons of the volume-averaged model estimates with point measurements. Because stochastic variations in atmospheric dynamics and emissions forcing influencing the air pollutant concentrations are difficult to explicitly simulate, one can expect to find a percentile value from the distribution of measured concentrations to have much greater variability than that of the model. This paper presents an observation-based methodology to determine the expected errors from regional air quality models even when the model design, physics, chemistry, and numerical analysis techniques as well as its input data were perfect. To this end, the short-term synoptic-scale fluctuations embedded in the daily maximum 8-hr ozone time series are separated from the longer-term forcings using a simple recursive moving average filter. The inherent variability attributable to the stochastic nature of the atmosphere is determined based on 30+ years of historical ozone time series data measured at various monitoring sites in the contiguous United States. The results reveal that the expected root mean square error at the median and 95th percentile is about 2 ppb and 5 ppb, respectively, even for perfect air quality models driven with perfect input data. Quantitative estimation of the limit to the model's accuracy will help in objectively assessing the current state-of-the-science in regional air pollution models, measuring progress in their evolution, and providing meaningful and firm targets for improvements in their accuracy relative to ambient measurements.
Plasma density gradients at the edge of polar ionospheric holes: the presence and absence of phase scintillation
Authors: Jenner Luke A. , Wood Alan G. , Dorrian Gareth D. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Yeoman Timothy K. , Fogg Alexandra R. , Coster Anthea J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Polar holes were observed in the high-latitude ionosphere during a series of multi-instrument case studies close to the northern hemisphere winter solstice in 2014 and 2015. These holes were observed during geomagnetically quiet conditions and under a range of solar activities using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR) and measurements from Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) satellites. Steep electron density gradients have been associated with phase scintillation in previous studies, however, no enhanced scintillation was detected within the electron density gradients at these boundaries. It is suggested that the lack of phase scintillation may be due to low plasma density levels and a lack of intense particle precipitation. It may be that both significant electron density gradients and that plasma density levels above a certain threshold are required for scintillation to occur.
A numerical model study of the main factors contributing to hypoxia and its sub-seasonal to interannual variability off the Changjiang Estuary
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Fennel Katja , Laurent Arnaud , Bian Changwei
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A three-dimensional physical-biological model of marginal seas of China was used to analyze variations in hypoxic conditions and identify the main processes controlling their generation off the Changjiang Estuary. The model was validated against available observations and reproduces the observed temporal and spatial variability of hypoxia. Dissolved oxygen concentrations undergo a seasonal cycle, with minima generally occurring in August or September, and vary latitudinally with a longer duration of low-oxygen concentrations in the southern part of the hypoxic region. Interannual variations of hypoxic extent are primarily associated with variations in river discharge and wind forcing, with high river discharge promoting hypoxia generation. At synoptic time scales, strong wind events (e.g. typhoons) can disrupt hypoxic conditions. During the oxygen-depleted period (March–August), air–sea exchange acts as an oxygen sink in oversaturated surface waters. In the subsurface, biological oxygen consumption tends to dominate, but lateral physical transport of oxygen can be comparable during hypoxic conditions. Oxygen consumption in the water column exceeds that of the sediment when integrated over the whole water column, but sediment consumption is dominant below the pycnocline. Vertical diffusion of oxygen acts as the primary oxygen source below the pycnocline and shows a seasonal cycle similar to that of primary production. Advection of oxygen in the bottom waters acts as an oxygen sink in spring but becomes a source during hypoxic conditions in summer especially in the southern part of the hypoxic region, which is influenced by open-ocean intrusions.
The Environment and Climate Change Canada solid precipitation intercomparison data from Bratt's Lake and Caribou Creek, Saskatchewan
Authors: Smith Craig D. , Yang Daqing , Ross Amber , Barr Alan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Prior to the beginning of the World Meteorological Organization's
(WMO) Solid Precipitation Inter-Comparison Experiment (SPICE, 2013–2015),
two precipitation measurement intercomparison sites were established in
Saskatchewan to help assess the systematic bias in the automated gauge
measurement of solid precipitation and the impact of wind on the undercatch
of snow. Caribou Creek, located in the southern boreal forest, and
Bratt's Lake, located in the southern plains, are a contribution to the
international SPICE project but also to examine national and regional issues
in measuring solid precipitation, including regional assessment of wind bias
in precipitation gauges and windshield configurations commonly used in
Canadian monitoring networks. Overlapping with WMO-SPICE, the Changing Cold
Regions Network (CCRN) Special Observation and Analysis Period (SOAP)
occurred from 2014 to 2015, involving other enhanced observations and cold
regions research projects in the same geographical domain as the
Saskatchewan SPICE sites. Following SPICE, the two Saskatchewan sites
continued to collect core meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind
speed, etc.) as well as precipitation observations via several automated
gauge configurations, including the WMO automated reference and the
Meteorological Service of Canada's (MSC) network gauges. In addition, manual
snow surveys to collect snow cover depth, density, and water equivalent were
completed over the duration of the winter periods at the northern Caribou
Creek site. Starting in the fall of 2013, the core intercomparison
precipitation and ancillary data continued to be collected through the
winter of 2017. Automated observations were obtained at a temporal
resolution of 1 min, subjected to a rigorous quality control process, and
aggregated to a resolution of 30 min. The manual snow surveys at Caribou
Creek were typically performed every second week during the SPICE field
program with monthly surveys following the end of the SPICE intercomparison
period. The Saskatchewan SPICE data are available at https://doi.org/10.18164/63773b5b-5529-4b1e-9150-10acb84d59f0 (Smith and Yang, 2018). The data
collected at the Saskatchewan SPICE sites will continue to be useful for
transfer function testing, numerical weather prediction and hydrological
forecasting verification, ground truth for remote-sensing applications, as
well as providing reference precipitation measurements for other concurrent
research applications in the cold regions.
Atmospheric observations made at Oliktok Point, Alaska, as part of the Profiling at Oliktok Point to Enhance YOPP Experiments (POPEYE) campaign
Authors: de Boer Gijs , Dexheimer Darielle , Mei Fan , Hubbe John , Longbottom Casey , Carroll Peter J. , Apple Monty , Goldberger Lexie , Oaks David , Lapierre Justin , Crume Michael , Bernard Nathan , Shupe Matthew D. , Solomon Amy , Intrieri Janet , Lawrence Dale , Doddi Abhiram , Holdridge Donna J. , Hubbell Michael , Ivey Mark D. , Schmid Beat
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Between 1 July and 30 September 2018, small unmanned aircraft
systems (sUAS), tethered balloon systems (TBSs), and additional radiosondes
were deployed at Oliktok Point, Alaska, to measure the atmosphere in support
of the second special observing period for the Year of Polar Prediction
(YOPP). These measurements, collected as part of the Profiling at Oliktok
Point to Enhance YOPP Experiments (POPEYE) campaign, targeted quantities
related to enhancing our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud
and aerosol properties and surface–atmosphere exchange and providing extra
information for model evaluation and improvement work. Over the 3-month
campaign, a total of 59 DataHawk2 sUAS flights, 52 TBS flights, and 238
radiosonde launches were completed as part of POPEYE. The data from
these coordinated activities provide a comprehensive three-dimensional data
set of the atmospheric state (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and
wind), surface skin temperature, aerosol properties, and cloud microphysical
information over Oliktok Point. These data sets have been checked for
quality and submitted to the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement (ARM) program data archive
(http://www.archive.arm.gov/discovery/, last access: July 2019) and are accessible at no cost by all
registered users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5439/1418259 (DataHawk2
measurements; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, 2016),
https://doi.org/10.5439/1426242 (TBS measurements; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
Program, 2017) and https://doi.org/10.5439/1021460 (radiosonde measurements; Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Program, 2013a).
In my remembered country: what poetry tells us about the changing perceptions of volcanoes
Authors: Soldati Arianna , Illingworth Sam
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this study we investigate what poetry written about volcanoes from 1800 to the present day reveals about the relationship between humanity and volcanoes, including how it evolved over that time frame. In order to address this research question, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 34 English-language poems written about the human-volcano interactions. Firstly, we identified the overall connotation of each poem. Then, we recognized specific emerging themes and grouped them in categories. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which each category occurs throughout the decades of the dataset. This analysis reveals that a spiritual element is often present in poetry about volcanoes, transcending both the creative and destructive power that they exert. Furthermore, the human-volcano relationship is especially centred around the sense of identity that volcanoes provide to humans, which may follow from both positive and negative events. These results highlight the suitability of poetry as a means to explore the human perception of geologic phenomena. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to the definition of culturally appropriate communication strategies with communities living nearby active volcanoes.
TheDiaTo (v1.0) – a new diagnostic tool for water, energy and entropy budgets in climate models
Authors: Lembo Valerio , Lunkeit Frank , Lucarini Valerio
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This work presents the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo), a novel diagnostic tool for investigating the thermodynamics of climate systems with a wide range of applications, from sensitivity studies to model tuning. It includes a number of modules for assessing the internal energy budget, the hydrological cycle, the Lorenz energy cycle and the material entropy production. The routine takes as inputs energy fluxes at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which allows for the computation of energy budgets at the TOA, the surface and in the atmosphere as a residual. Meridional enthalpy transports are also computed from the divergence of the zonal mean energy budget from which the location and intensity of the maxima in each hemisphere are calculated. Rainfall, snowfall and latent heat fluxes are received as inputs for computation of the water mass and latent energy budgets. If a land–sea mask is provided, the required quantities are separately computed over continents and oceans. The diagnostic tool also computes the annual Lorenz energy cycle (LEC) and its storage and conversion terms by hemisphere and as a global mean. This is computed from three-dimensional daily fields of horizontal wind velocity and temperature in the troposphere. Two methods have been implemented for the computation of the material entropy production: one relying on the convergence of radiative heat fluxes in the atmosphere (indirect method) and the other combining the irreversible processes occurring in the climate system, particularly heat fluxes in the boundary layer, the hydrological cycle and the kinetic energy dissipation as retrieved from the residuals of the LEC (direct method). A version of these diagnostics has been developed as part of the Earth System Model eValuation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0a1 in order to assess the performances of CMIP6 model simulations, and it will be available in the next release. The aim of this software is to provide a comprehensive picture of the thermodynamics of the climate system, as reproduced in the state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models. This can prove useful for better understanding anthropogenic and natural climate change, paleoclimatic climate variability, and climatic tipping points.
A Model of Black Sea Circulation with Strait Exchange (2008–2018)
Authors: Gunduz Murat , Özsoy Emin , Hordoir Robinson
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Bosphorus exchange is of critical importance for hydrodynamics of the Black Sea. In this study, we report on the development of a medium resolution circulation model of the Black Sea, making use of up-to-date topography, atmospheric forcing with high space and time resolution, climatic river fluxes and strait exchange enabled by adding the Bosphorus Strait with an artificial box on the Marmara Sea side. Particular attention is given to circulation, mixing, convective water mass formation processes compared with observations. The present formulation with temperature and salinity relaxed to the observed seasonal climatology of the Marmara box and open boundary conditions are found to enable Bosphorus exchange with upper, lower layer and net fluxes comparable to the observed range. This in turn enables to capture the trend of rapid climatic change observed in the Black Sea in the last decade.
Development of a sequential tool, LMDZ-NEMO-med-V1, to conduct global to regional past climate simulation for the Mediterranean basin: An Early Holocene case study
Authors: Vadsaria Tristan , Li Laurent , Ramstein Gilles , Dutay Jean-Claude
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Recently, major progress has been made in the simulation of the ocean dynamics of the Mediterranean using atmospheric and oceanic models with high spatial resolution. High resolution is essential to accurately capture the synoptic variability required to initiate intermediate and deep-water formation, the engine of the MTC (Mediterranean Thermohaline Circulation). In paleoclimate studies, one major problem with the simulation of regional climate changes is that boundary conditions are not available from observations or data reconstruction to drive high-resolution regional models. One consistent way to advance paleoclimate modelling is to use a comprehensive global to regional approach. However, this approach needs long-term integration to reach equilibrium (hundreds of years), implying enormous computational resources. To tackle this issue, a sequential architecture of a global-regional modelling platform has been developed and is described in detail in this paper. First of all, the platform is validated for the historical period. It is then used to investigate the climate and in particular, the oceanic circulation, during the Early Holocene. This period was characterised by a large reorganisation of the MTC that strongly affected oxygen supply to the intermediate and deep waters, which ultimately led to an anoxic crisis (called sapropel). Beyond the case study shown here, this platform may be applied to a large number of paleoclimate contexts from the Quaternary to the Pliocene, as long as regional tectonics remain mostly unchanged. For example, the climate responses of the Mediterranean basin during the last interglacial (LIG), the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Late Pliocene, all present interesting scientific challenges which may be addressed using this numerical platform.