bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo modulation of foreign body response on polyurethane by surface entrapment technique
Authors: Khandwekar Anand P. , Patil Deepak P. , Hardikar Anand A. , Shouche Yogesh S. , Doble Mukesh
Published: July 2010

Implanted polymeric materials, such as medical devices, provoke the body to initiate an inflammatory reaction, known as the foreign body response (FBR), which causes several complications. In this study, polyurethane (Tecoflex®, PU) surface modified with the nonionic surfactant Tween80® (PU/T80) and the cell adhesive PLL‐RGD peptide (PU/PLL‐RGD) by a previously described entrapment technique were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of Wistar rats for 30 days. Implants were retrieved and examined for tissue reactivity and cellular adherence by various microscopic and analytical techniques. Surface‐induced inflammatory response was assessed by real‐time PCR based quantification of proinflammatory cytokine transcripts, namely, TNF‐α and IL‐1β, normalized to housekeeping gene GAPDH. Cellular adherence and their distribution profile were assessed by microscopic examination of H&E stained implant sections. It was observed that PU/PLL‐RGD followed by the bare PU surface exhibited severe inflammatory and fibrotic response with an average mean thickness of 19 and 12 μm, respectively, in 30 days. In contrast, PU/T80 surface showed only a cellular monolayer of 2‐3 μm in thickness, with a mild inflammatory response and no fibrotic encapsulation. The PU/PLL‐RGD peptide‐modified substrate promoted an enhanced rate of macrophage cell fusion to form foreign body giant cell (FBGCs), whereas FBGCs were rarely observed on Tween80®‐modified substrate. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) were upregulated on PU/PLL‐RGD surface followed by bare PU, whereas the cytokine expressions were significantly suppressed on PU/T80 surface. Thus, our study highlights modulation of foreign body response on polyurethane surfaces through surface entrapment technique in the form of differential responses observed on PLL‐RGD and Tween80® modified surfaces with the former effective in triggering tissue cell adhesion thereby fibrous encapsulation, while the later being mostly resistant to this phenomenon. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
In vitro studies of interaction of modified silica nanoparticles with different types of immunocompetent cells
Authors: Kulikova Galina A. , Parfenyuk Elena V. , Ryabinina Irina V. , Antsiferova Yuliya S. , Sotnikova Nataliya Yu. , Posiseeva Lubov V. , Eliseeva Mariya A.
Published: July 2010

Interactions between different types of immune cells and organically‐modified silica nanoparticles were studied. The silica particles functionalized with amine groups were prepared by sol–gel technique. Sheep immunoglobulin labeled with fluoresceine isothiocyanate was immobilized by adsorption onto the nanoparticles. The presence of the functional groups was confirmed by infrared absorption measurements. The level of immunocompetent cells interacting with the silica nanoparticles was estimated as the amount of fluorescence‐bright cells by flow cytometry method. A low level of interaction of the peripheral blood lymphocytes with the silica nanoparticles was found. On the contrary, the macrophages are actively involved in interaction with the silica nanoparticles. The influence of different size of the silica nanoparticles and incubation time on viability and functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Genipin‐cross‐linked collagen/chitosan biomimetic scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering applications
Authors: Yan Le‐Ping , Wang Ying‐Jun , Ren Li , Wu Gang , Caridade Sofia G. , Fan Jia‐Bing , Wang Ling‐Yun , Ji Pei‐Hong , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Oliveira João T. , Mano João F. , Reis Rui L.
Published: July 2010

In this study, genipin‐cross‐linked collagen/chitosan biodegradable porous scaffolds were prepared for articular cartilage regeneration. The influence of chitosan amount and genipin concentration on the scaffolds physicochemical properties was evaluated. The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross‐linking degree was investigated by ninhydrin assay. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were assessed under dynamic compression. To study the swelling ratio and the biostability of the collagen/chitosan scaffold, in vitro tests were also carried out by immersion of the scaffolds in PBS solution or digestion in collagenase, respectively. The results showed that the morphologies of the scaffolds underwent a fiber‐like to a sheet‐like structural transition by increasing chitosan amount. Genipin cross‐linking remarkably changed the morphologies and pore sizes of the scaffolds when chitosan amount was less than 25%. Either by increasing the chitosan ratio or performing cross‐linking treatment, the swelling ratio of the scaffolds can be tailored. The ninhydrin assay demonstrated that the addition of chitosan could obviously increase the cross‐linking efficiency. The degradation studies indicated that genipin cross‐linking can effectively enhance the biostability of the scaffolds. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by culturing rabbit chondrocytes in vitro. This study demonstrated that a good viability of the chondrocytes seeded on the scaffold was achieved. The SEM analysis has revealed that the chondrocytes adhered well to the surface of the scaffolds and contacted each other. These results suggest that the genipin‐cross‐linked collagen/chitosan matrix may be a promising formulation for articular cartilage scaffolding. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: , 2010.
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN/CD147) as a novel regulator of myogenic cell differentiation
Authors: Mohamed Attia , Eric Huet , Jean Delbé , Dominique Ledoux , Suzanne Menashi , Isabelle Martelly
Published: July 2010

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to play an important role in skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation. In view of the MMP inducing function of EMMPRIN/CD147, its role in myogenic cell differentiation was investigated. EMMPRIN level increased during differentiation of both rat primary myoblasts derived from satellite cells and mouse C2.7 myogenic cells and was associated with an alteration in its molecular forms. In parallel, expression of pro‐MMP‐9 gradually decreased and that of pro‐MMP‐2 and active MMP‐2 increased. While small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibition of EMMPRIN expression accelerated cell differentiation, exogenously added recombinant EMMPRIN inhibited differentiation by an MMP‐mediated mechanism, as the MMP inhibitor marimastat abrogated EMMPRIN's effect. Our results further suggest that EMMPRIN regulates differentiation through an MMP activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), a known inhibitor of myoblast's differentiation, as the increased activation and signaling of TGFβ by EMMPRIN was attenuated in the presence of marimastat. EMMPRIN inhibition may thus represent a novel strategy in the treatment of muscular degenerative disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 141–149, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
South Korea as an emerging donor: Challenges and changes on its entering OECD/DAC
Authors: Chun Hong‐Min , Munyi Elijah N. , Lee Heejin
Published: July 2010

South Korea's official development assistance (ODA) has been increasing rapidly and will continue to do so. Korea is one of the few countries which have successfully transitioned from a recipient to a donor. It became a member of DAC (development assistance committee), OECD in November 2009. Korea's ODA policy, along with its growth in quantity, is at a crossroads for the enhancement of its quality. Discussions and debates are going on regarding the reforms in Korea's ODA activities, and this paper examines key issues raised. It first reviews the past and present of Korea's ODA, and identifies major characteristics including a low ODA/GNI ratio, a high percentage of concessional loans compared to grants, a high portion of tied aid, regional bias and a relatively large number of recipients. The paper argues that those characteristics arise from a lack of consensus on some fundamental issues like the objective of ODA, positioning of Korea's ODA as an emerging donor and the nature of aid to North Korea. We also argue that a shift of ODA policy is required to promote reform, based on a thorough reflection on the role of ODA in the alleviation of poverty and promoting sustainable development in developing countries, rather than serving as an economic tool. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A defining moment? China's social policy response to the financial crisis
Authors: de Haan Arjan
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses whether China's response to the 2008–2009 financial crisis is a ‘defining moment’, whether it is leading to a departure of China's export‐driven development model and whether the large stimulus package is strengthening its social policies and leading towards a more egalitarian structure. Two years after the crisis, it seems China has been very successful in managing the crisis, reaffirming political legitimacy, monitoring potential social unrest and introducing a wide range of promotive measures, even though this did not imply the sudden shift to promotion of household consumption some observers were arguing for. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fantasy proneness as a confounder of verbal lie detection tools
Authors: Schelleman‐Offermans Karen , Merckelbach Harald
Published: July 2010

This study investigated whether high fantasy‐prone individuals have superior storytelling abilities. It also explored whether this trait is related to specific linguistic features (i.e. self‐references, cognitive complexity, and emotional words). Participants high (n = 30) and low (n = 30) on a fantasy proneness scale were instructed to write down a true and a fabricated story about an aversive situation in which they had been the victim. Stories were then examined using two verbal lie detection approaches: criteria‐based content analysis (CBCA) and linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC). Irrespective of the truth status of the stories, independent observers rated stories of high fantasy‐prone individuals as being richer in all nine CBCA elements than those of low fantasy‐prone individuals. Furthermore, overall, high fantasy‐prone people used more self‐references in their stories compared with low fantasy‐prone individuals. High fantasy prones' fabricated stories scored higher on various truth indices than authentic stories of low fantasy prones. Thus, high fantasy‐prone people are good in creating a sense of authenticity, even when they fabricate stories. Forensic experts should bear this in mind when they employ verbal lie detection tools. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work and personal role involvement of part‐time employees: Implications for attitudes and turnover intentions
Authors: Wittmer Jenell L. S. , Martin James E.
Published: July 2010

Researchers have started to argue that part‐time (PT) employees should not be viewed as one undifferentiated group, leading Martin and Sinclair to develop a PT typology based on employee demographics and personal attachments. Attitudinal and behavioral differences have been found among their groups. This prior research has been limited by classifying work role involvement through descriptions of roles outside of work, rather than assessing it empirically. We use more precise, direct measures of involvement, including time spent on, flexibility of, and psychological involvement in, roles outside work to predict differences in work role involvement, attitudes, and turnover intentions. Moreover, we test the PT typology on a geographically and occupationally diverse sample, overcoming previous generalizability concerns. We found that part‐timers with more psychological involvement in roles and those with roles outside work that are less flexible and more time intensive have less work role involvement, higher turnover intentions, and generally less positive attitudes. In addition, the results provide evidence that the more direct measures better predict work role involvement and turnover intent than the indirect PT typology measure. Implications for management and research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size requirements for multiple regression interval estimation
Authors: Bonett Douglas G. , Wright Thomas A.
Published: July 2010

Sample size planning is one of the most important issues in the design of a study. Simple and accurate sample size formulas for a desired confidence interval width have been developed for many statistical procedures, but a simple and accurate sample size formula for the squared multiple correlation has been a notable exception. Several rule‐of‐thumb sample size recommendations for a multiple regression analysis have been proposed over the years but none are satisfactory. Other approaches have focused on the construction of elaborate tables of sample size requirements, but these tables are both unwieldy and inadequate. We present a simple, accurate, and general method of approximating the sample size requirement for obtaining a squared multiple correlation confidence interval with desired precision. We also present a simple method for approximating the sample size needed to estimate unstandardized regression coefficients with desired precision. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of PCR products amplified from DNA of epizootic pathogens using magnetic nanoparticles and SERS
Authors: Strelau Katharina Konstanze , Brinker Anja , Schnee Christiane , Weber Karina , Möller Robert , Popp Jürgen
Published: July 2010

Here we present a novel approach using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy for the sequence‐specific detection of DNA utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the enrichment of the target molecules. To achieve fast and efficient binding of longer DNA strands, e.g. PCR products, the hybridization procedure is performed in solution. To further purify and enrich the DNA strands of interest, MNPs are used for their separation. Following the binding of the target DNA, a dye‐modified, short synthetic ssDNA is hybridized, which serves as label for the SERS detection. The SERS spectra are used to identify the bound molecules. The applicability of this approach was first tested with short synthetic oligonucleotides to evaluate its specificity. Afterward, the system was applied to detect PCR products amplified from DNA of specific agents of epizootic diseases. Sequences of the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type (MmmSC), causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) were used as PCR targets. To demonstrate the multiplexing capability of SERS, the simultaneous detection of three different PCR products labeled with three dyes was performed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a check‐all‐that‐apply question for the evaluation of strawberry cultivars from a breeding program
Authors: Lado Joanna , Vicente Esteban , Manzzioni Ariel , Ares Gastón
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, breeding research has been focused on increasing yield and fruit size, improving resistance to diseases, behaviour during transport and increasing postharvest shelf‐life. However, consumers' liking is one of the biggest challenges for strawberry breeding programs. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the application of a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) question to study consumers' perception of new strawberry cultivars.

RESULTS: Average liking scores were low for a highly appreciated product like strawberries, which could be explained considering unfavourable weather conditions prior to harvest. However, despite the small differences in overall liking scores, significant differences were found in the frequency in which 14 out of the 22 terms of the CATA question were used to describe samples. This suggests that the evaluated CATA question was able to detect differences in consumers' perception of the sensory characteristics of the evaluated cultivars. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between laboratory analyses (firmness, colour, soluble solids and acidity) and consumers' responses to the CATA question, which indicates their validity.

CONCLUSIONS: Considering results from the present study, the use of CATA questions could be a simple and interesting methodology to gain insight into consumers' perception of different fruit cultivars. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit
Authors: Cao Shifeng , Zheng Yonghua
Published: July 2010

BACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit.

RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence.

CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of flavonol glycoside in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf on glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in liver in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Katsube Takuya , Yamasaki Masayuki , Shiwaku Kuninori , Ishijima Tomoko , Matsumoto Ichiro , Abe Keiko , Yamasaki Yukikazu
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Mulberry therapies on type 2 diabetic patients or streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats have been reported to improve fasting blood glucose levels. We investigated the effects of dietary consumption of mulberry‐leaf powder and purified quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside), the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, on glucose and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to three groups (control, mulberry leaf powder (MLP), and quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside) (Q3MG)) and treated with their respective diets for 8 weeks.

RESULTS: We found that dietary supplementation of 10 g MLP kg−1 or 1 g Q3MG kg−1 in high‐fat diet effectively suppressed blood glucose levels. We also noted increased expression of glycolysis‐related genes and suppression of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations in the liver of Q3MG group compared to control mice.

CONCLUSION: Dietary consumption of Q3MG, the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, improved hyperglycemia in obese mice and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Conservation agriculture effects and policy support to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées (France)
Authors: Prosperi P. , Terres J. M. , Doublet S. , Pointereau P.
Published: July 2010

This paper draws on the results of a case study within the SoCo project and aims to assess the benefits and constraints in the application of conservation agriculture (CA) methods in Midi‐Pyrénées, France, along with an evaluation of the coherence of the policy framework designed to improve the protection of soil resources.

Inappropriate agricultural practices, under particular climate, terrain and soil conditions, have contributed to make erosion the main soil degradation phenomenon in Midi‐Pyrénées, particularly under spring crops. The decrease of carbon stock is also a relevant issue.

Among the various techniques applied by local farmers to reduce the impact of soil degradation on their land, CA appeared popular and was therefore analysed in detail.

No specific legislation on soil protection is currently available in France, while the present agri‐environmental policy, including the Rural Development Plan and the cross compliance measures, focuses mainly on water quality and biodiversity.

A mixed methodological approach was used consisting of a literature review on the status of soils, of the characteristics of CA practices and of the soil‐related policies in force. Semi‐structured interviews with selected stakeholders on the use of soil conservation techniques and on soil legislation allowed a broader discussion of the study results.

The research suggests that CA can effectively contribute to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées, although some implementation drawbacks seem to limit its wider use mainly due to lack of a specific support. Therefore, a better targeting of existing policies would be desirable for an improved protection of soil resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy on collagen expression and neutrophil infiltrate in 5‐fluorouracil‐induced oral mucositis in hamsters
Authors: Lopes Nilza Nelly Fontana , Plapler Hélio , Lalla Rajesh V. , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus , da Silva Marco Antonio Bastos , Alves Maria Teresa Seixas
Published: July 2010

Background and Objectives

Several studies have suggested that low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) can ameliorate oral mucositis; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action of LLLT on chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis, as related to effects on collagen expression and inflammation.

Materials and Methods

A hamster cheek pouch model of oral mucositis was used with all animals receiving intraperitoneal 5‐fluorouracil, followed by surface irritation. Animals were randomly allocated into three groups, and treated with an InGaAIP diode laser at a wavelength of 660 nm and output power of 35 or 100 mW laser, or no laser. Clinical severity of mucositis was assessed at four time‐points by a blinded examiner. Buccal pouch tissue was harvested from a subgroup of animals in each group at four time‐points. Collagen was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated after picrosirius staining. The density of the neutrophil infiltrate was also scored.

Results

Peak clinical severity of mucositis was reduced in the 35 mW laser group as compared to the 100 mW and control groups. The reduced peak clinical severity of mucositis in the 35 mW laser group was accompanied by a decrease in the number of neutrophils and an increase in the proportion of mature collagen as compared to the other two groups. The total quantity of collagen was significantly higher in the control (no laser) group at the day 11 time‐point, as compared to the 35 mW laser group, consistent with a more prolonged inflammatory response in the control group.

Conclusion

This study supports two mechanisms of action for LLLT in reducing mucositis severity. The increase in collagen organization in response to the 35 mW laser indicates that LLLT promotes wound healing. In addition, LLLT also appears to have an anti‐inflammatory effect, as evidenced by the reduction in neutrophil infiltrate. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:546–552, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Progress in SIFT‐MS: Breath analysis and other applications
Authors: Španěl Patrik , Smith David
Published: July 2010

The development of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, is described from its inception as the modified very large SIFT instruments used to demonstrate the feasibility of SIFT‐MS as an analytical technique, towards the smaller but bulky transportable instruments and finally to the current smallest Profile 3 instruments that have been located in various places, including hospitals and schools to obtain on‐line breath analyses. The essential physics and engineering principles are discussed, which must be appreciated to design and construct a SIFT‐MS instrument. The versatility and sensitivity of the Profile 3 instrument is illustrated by typical mass spectra obtained using the three precursor ions H3O+, NO+ and ${\rm O}_{{\rm 2}}^{{\rm + } \cdot }$, and the need to account for differential ionic diffusion and mass discrimination in the analytical algorithms is emphasized to obtain accurate trace gas analyses. The performance of the Profile 3 instrument is illustrated by the results of several pilot studies, including (i) on‐line real time quantification of several breath metabolites for cohorts of healthy adults and children, which have provided representative concentration/population distributions, and the comparative analyses of breath exhaled via the mouth and nose that identify systemic and orally‐generated compounds, (ii) the enhancement of breath metabolites by drug ingestion, (iii) the identification of HCN as a marker of Pseudomonas colonization of the airways and (iv) emission of volatile compounds from urine, especially ketone bodies, and from skin. Some very recent developments are discussed, including the quantification of carbon dioxide in breath and the combination of SIFT‐MS with GC and ATD, and their significance. Finally, prospects for future SIFT‐MS developments are alluded to. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:236–267, 2011
Growth factor signaling pathways as targets for prevention of epithelial carcinogenesis
Authors: Rho Okkyung , Kim Dae Joon , Kiguchi Karou , DiGiovanni John
Published: July 2010

Growth factor receptor (GFR) signaling controls epithelial cell growth by responding to various endogenous or exogenous stimuli and subsequently activating downstream signaling pathways including Stat3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and c‐Src. Environmental chemical toxicants and UVB irradiation cause enhanced and prolonged activation of GFR signaling and downstream pathways that contributes to epithelial cancer development including skin cancer. Recent studies, especially those with tissue‐specific transgenic mouse models, have demonstrated that GFRs and their downstream signaling pathways contribute to all three stages of epithelial carcinogenesis by regulating a wide variety of biological functions including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration. Inhibiting these signaling pathways early in the carcinogenic process results in reduced cell proliferation and survival, leading to decreased tumor formation. Collectively, these studies suggest that GFR signaling and subsequent downstream signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of epithelial cancers including skin cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precise control of end‐tidal carbon dioxide and oxygen improves BOLD and ASL cerebrovascular reactivity measures
Authors: Mark Clarisse I. , Slessarev Marat , Ito Shoji , Han Jay , Fisher Joseph A. , Pike G. Bruce
Published: July 2010

In‐depth investigation of cerebrovascular blood flow and MR mechanisms underlying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal requires precise manipulation of the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, measured by their noninvasive surrogates, the end‐tidal values. The traditional methodology consists of administering a fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2, but this causes a variable ventilatory response across subjects, resulting in different values of end‐tidal partial pressures of CO2and O2. In this study, we investigated whether fine control of these end‐tidal partial pressures would improve stability and predictability of blood oxygenation level dependent and arterial spin labeling signals for studying cerebrovascular reactivity. In 11 healthy volunteers, we compared the MR signals generated by the traditional fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2method to those of an automated feed‐forward system, a simpler, safer, and more compact alternative to dynamic end‐tidal forcing systems, designed to target constant end‐tidal partial pressures of CO2and O2. We found that near square‐wave changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2of 5, 7.5, and 10 mm Hg (±1.01 mm Hg within two to three breaths) and constrained changes in the end‐tidal partial pressure of O2(<10 mm Hg) induced cerebral vascular reactivity measurements with faster transitions, together with improved stability and gradation, than those achieved with the traditional fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2method. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
J‐refocused coherence transfer spectroscopic imaging at 7 T in human brain
Authors: Pan J.W. , Avdievich N. , Hetherington H.P.
Published: July 2010

Short echo spectroscopy is commonly used to minimize signal modulation due to J‐evolution of the cerebral amino acids. However, short echo acquisitions suffer from high sensitivity to macromolecules which make accurate baseline determination difficult. In this report, we describe implementation at 7 T of a double echo J‐refocused coherence transfer sequence at echo time (TE) of 34 msec to minimize J‐modulation of amino acids while also decreasing interfering macromolecule signals. Simulation of the pulse sequence at 7 T shows excellent resolution of glutamate, glutamine, and N‐acetyl aspartate. B1 sufficiency at 7 T for the double echo acquisition is achieved using a transceiver array with radiofrequency (RF) shimming. Using an alternate RF distribution to minimize receiver phase cancellation in the transceiver, accurate phase determination for the coherence transfer is achieved with rapid single scan calibration. This method is demonstrated in spectroscopic imaging mode with n = 5 healthy volunteers resulting in metabolite values consistent with literature and in a patient with epilepsy. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐degrading, MRI‐detectable hydrogel sensors with picomolar target sensitivity
Authors: Colomb Jason , Louie Katherine , Massia Stephen P. , Bennett Kevin M.
Published: July 2010

Nanostructured hydrogels have been developed as synthetic tissues and scaffolds for cell and drug delivery, and as guides for tissue regeneration. A fundamental problem in the development of synthetic hydrogels is that implanted gel structure is difficult to monitor noninvasively. This work demonstrates that the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles, attached to specific macromolecules in biological and synthetic hydrogels, can be controlled to detect changes in gel macromolecular structure with MRI. It is further shown that the gels can be made to self‐degrade when they come into contact with a target molecule in as low as pM concentrations. The sensitivity of the gels to the target is finely controlled using an embedded zymogen cascade amplifier. These “MRI reporter gels” may serve as smart, responsive polymer implants, as tissue scaffolds to deliver drugs, or to detect specific pathogens in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eintrag ins Logbuch der Chemie, Sternzeit …
Authors: Sacher Oliver
Published: July 2010

Online‐Tagebücher gibt es auch mit chemischen Inhalten. Die meist von Privatpersonen unterhaltenen Webseiten sind mitunter äußerst nützliche Informationsquellen.
Spezialitäten und Pharma wachsen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: July 2010

Fast alle Unternehmen profitieren von der verbesserten Weltkonjunktur: Trotz gestiegener Rohstoffpreise sind Gewinne möglich. Pharmakonzerne klagen über Umsatzverluste durch die wachsende Konkurrenz von Generika.
Mehr als nur eine Säule – die Möglichkeiten mehrdimsionaler LC
Authors: Unger Klaus K. , Machtejevas Egidijus
Published: July 2010

Die Analyse komplexer Stoffgemische stellt vor allem in den Lebenswissenschaften ungewöhnlich hohe Anforderungen an die Trennmethoden. Das Potential der mehrdimensionalen Flüssigchromatographie, gekoppelt mit der Massenspektrometrie, ist hier noch nicht ausgeschöpft.
Aus der Probe ins Massenspektrometer
Authors: Karst Uwe , Vogel Martin
Published: July 2010

Neue Ionisationstechniken haben in den letzen Jahren immer mehr Analyten – etwa unpolare Substanzen und Biomoleküle mit großen Molmassen – der Massenspektro‐ metrie zugänglich gemacht und so den Einsatzbereich der Methode beträchtlich erweitert.
Rekorde fast überall
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: July 2010

Eine starke Nachfrage aus dem Ausland, hohe Investitionen im Inland und der private Konsum steigerten im vergangenen Jahr die Ergebnisse der chemischen Industrie. Viele Unternehmen sprechen von Rekordgewinnen.
Raman‐ und PL‐Spektroskopie an Kohlenstoffnanoröhren
Authors: Bleisteiner Bernd
Published: July 2010

Die Mikro‐Raman‐ und der Photolumineszenz‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert Materialeigenschaften von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren.
Photoionisierungs‐Massenspektrometrie mit neuer Lichtquelle
Authors: Zimmermann Ralf , Mühlberger Fabian , Ulrich Andreas , Wieser Jochen
Published: July 2010

Sowohl unpolare aliphatische und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe als auch polare organische Verbindungen lassen sich über die Photoionisation mit einer elektronenstrahlgepumpten Excimerlampe massenspektrometrisch selektiv erfassen.
Die erste SEC‐Technology‐Tour bei Sanofi‐Aventis
Authors: Bengs Holger
Published: July 2010

Sanofi‐Aventis, eines der weltweit führenden Pharmaunternehmen, lädt die Senior Expert Chemists der GDCh zur Technology‐Tour in den Industriepark Höchst in Frankfurt ein.
δ‐Catenin dysregulation in cancer: interactions with E‐cadherin and beyond
Authors: Lu Qun
Published: July 2010

Stable E‐cadherin‐based adherens junctions are pivotal in maintaining epithelial tissue integrity and are the major barrier for epithelial cancer metastasis. Proteins of the p120ctn subfamily have emerged recently as critical players for supporting this stability. The identification of the unique juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in E‐cadherin that binds directly to δ‐catenin/NPRAP/neurojungin (CTNND2) and p120ctn (CTNND1) provides a common motif for their interactions. Recently, crystallographic resolution of the JMD of p120ctn further highlighted possibilities of intervening between interactions of p120ctn subfamily proteins and E‐cadherin for designing anti‐cancer therapeutics. For most epithelial cancers, studies have demonstrated a reduction of p120ctn expression or alteration of its subcellular distribution. On the other hand, δ‐catenin, a primarily neural‐enriched protein in the brain of healthy individuals, is up‐regulated in all cancer types that have been studied to date. Two research articles in the September 2010 issue of The Journal of Pathology increase our understanding of the involvement of these proteins in lung cancer. One reports the identification of rare p120ctn (CTNND1) gene amplification in lung cancer. One mechanism by which δ‐catenin and p120ctn may play a role in carcinogenesis is their competitive binding to E‐cadherin through the JMD. The other presents the first vigorous characterization of δ‐catenin overexpression in lung cancer. Unexpectedly, the authors observed that δ‐catenin promotes malignant phenotypes of non‐small cell lung cancer by non‐competitive binding to E‐cadherin with p120ctn in the cytoplasm. Looking towards the future, the understanding of δ‐catenin and p120ctn with and beyond their localization at the cell–cell junction should provide further insight into their roles in cancer pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Invited Commentary for Castillo et al. Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer, Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 89–98. And for Zhang et al. δ‐Catenin promotes malignant phenotype of non‐small cell lung cancer by non‐competative binding to E‐cadherin with p120ctn in cytoplasm. Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 76–88.
Clarifying Problems in Behavioural Control: Interface, Lateness and Consciousness
Authors: Corr Philip J.
Published: July 2010

The target paper highlights a number of unresolved issues that, I believe, continue to impede the construction of a viable model of behavioural control in personality psychology; namely, (a) the relationship between controlled and automatic processing (the ‘interface’ problem’) and (b) the time it takes for controlled processes, including consciousness, to be generated (the ‘lateness’ problem). The diversity of views expressed in the commentatories indicates that these are, indeed, real and unresolved problems. This response is structured around the following key questions. (1) How long–term goal planning interfaces with the automatic machinery of behaviour? (2) The extent of the impact of the ‘lateness’ of controlled (including conscious) processes for building models of behavioural control? (3) How best to characterise the personality traits associated with the FFFS, BIS and BAS? (4) How does the BIS control mismatch detection, the generation of error signals, and response inhibition and switching? (5) Is consciousness really a necessary explanatory construct in models of behavioural control? (6) Might neural ‘crosstalk’ of encapsulated action–goal response systems point to the functional significance of consciousness? (7) What are the implications of issues raised in the target paper for lexical and social–cognitive approaches to personality? I conclude by re–iterating the importance of the problems of ‘lateness’ and ‘interface’ for the construction of a viable model of behavioural control sufficient for the fostering of theoretical integration within personality psychology as well as affording the building of conceptual bridges with general psychology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactionism in Personality and Social Psychology: An integrated Approach to Understanding the Mind and Behaviour
Authors: Reynolds Katherine J. , Turner John C. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Mavor Kenneth I. , Bizumic Boris , Subašić Emina
Published: July 2010

In both personality psychology and social psychology there is a trajectory of theory and research that has its roots in Gestalt psychology and interactionism. This work is outlined in this paper along with an exploration of the hitherto neglected points of connection it offers these two fields. In personality psychology the focus is on dynamic interactionism and in social psychology, mainly through social identity theory and self–categorization theory, it is on the interaction between the individual (‘I’) and group (‘we’) and how the environment (that includes the perceiver) is given meaning. What emerges is an understanding of the person and behaviour that is more integrated, dynamic and situated. The aim of the paper is to stimulate new lines of theory and research consistent with this view of the person. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(L‐lactide)
Authors: Liu Yufei , Wang Li , He Yong , Fan Zhongyong , Li Suming
Published: July 2010

The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly( L‐lactide) (PLLA) in comparison with a polylactide stereocopolymer (PLA98) containing 98% L‐lactyl and 2% D‐lactyl units were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry to examine the effect of the configurational structure. Avrami, Ozawa and Liu models were applied to describe the crystallization process. The Avrami analysis exhibited two stages in non‐isothermal crystallization, while the Ozawa and Liu models did not successfully describe the crystallization behaviour. The activation energy was calculated with Kissinger's method. The energy barrier was found to be the same for PLLA and PLA98 with a value of 126 kJ mol−1. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential misinterpretation of infant lung function unless prospective healthy controls are studied
Authors: Lum Sooky , Hoo Ah‐Fong , Hulskamp Georg , Wade Angie , Stocks Janet
Published: July 2010

Rationale

Reliable interpretation of pulmonary function tests relies on appropriate reference data, which remain very limited for infants.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the validity of published reference equations for forced expiratory flow‐volume (FEFV) data in infants when using current, commercially available equipment, and how this could impact on interpretation of results from infants with lung disease.

Methods

The Jaeger Masterscreen BabyBody (v4.67) equipment was used to perform partial and raised volume FEFV maneuvers in healthy infants and those with cystic fibrosis (CF). Results were initially expressed as Z‐scores using published reference equations. Multilevel modeling was used to calculate differences, if any, from predicted scores in healthy infants.

Results

Data were available from 66 healthy full term infants on 89 test occasions; [median (range) postnatal age 49.4 (12–101) weeks. All FEFV outcomes were significantly lower than predicted, with mean (SD) Z‐score differences of −0.4 (1.1) for FVC; −0.6 (1.0) for FEV0.5; −1.0 (1.0) for FEF25–75 and −1.4 (1.1) for V'maxFRC. After adjustments using multilevel modeling, mean Z‐scores were within 0.1 (SD∼1.0) predicted for all outcomes in healthy infants. Among 50 infants with CF, studied on 85 test occasions, results were “abnormal” (<−1.96 Z‐scores) on 35 (41%) and 37 (45%) test occasions for FEV0.5 and FEF25–75, respectively, when using published equations. This fell to 24 (28%) and 20 (24%), respectively, after adjustment.

Conclusions

Dependence on published equations for interpreting FEFV data in infants may lead to misinterpretation of lung function status, which could impact adversely both in the research setting and on clinical management. Use of a contemporary control group or establishment of equipment‐specific reference data is essential for meaningful interpretation of infant lung function data. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:906–913. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of exhalation time methods (6 sec vs. 10 sec) of a hand‐held exhaled nitric oxide analyzer
Authors: Ito Yasunori , Adachi Yuichi , Itazawa Toshiko , Okabe Yoshie , Adachi Yoko S. , Katsumuma Toshio , Miyawaki Toshio
Published: July 2010

Standard exhalation time for measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is 10 sec, but this is not easy for younger children. We aimed to investigate the agreement between FeNO values during 10‐sec (FeNO‐10) and 6‐sec (FeNO‐6) exhalation and the feasibility of measuring FeNO‐6, using a hand‐held analyzer, NIOX‐MINO®. FeNO values measured during 10‐ and 6‐sec (random order) were compared. Success rates of the two different time modes were also evaluated. In 119 asthmatic children (median age 8 years [range 4–15]) who had been already accustomed to NIOX‐MINO®, median FeNO‐10 (29 ppb [IQR 15.2–42.0]) and FeNO‐6 (27 ppb [IQR 16.0–43.5]) did not differ significantly (P = 0.90), and there was a good correlation between both values (r = 0.984, P < 0.001). Mean difference (FeNO‐10–FeNO‐6) was −0.151 ppb (95% CI: −0.95 to 0.65, limits of agreement: −8.8 to 8.5). In 46 asthmatic children (median age 7 years [range 4–15]) who had never used any FeNO analyzers, all the children aged 8 years and more (n = 21) succeeded in measuring FeNO on both time modes, whereas for children aged younger than 8 years (n = 25) success rates of the 10‐ and 6‐sec mode were 60.0% and 92.0%, respectively. In conclusion, we showed good agreement between FeNO‐10 and FeNO‐6, and the 6‐sec mode of NIOX‐MINO® is more feasible than 10‐sec mode for measuring FeNO in younger children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:1005–1008. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical limiting response of Ag2S nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation of silver target in DMSO
Authors: Aleali H. , Sarkhosh L. , Karimzadeh R. , Mansour N.
Published: July 2010

Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) were synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a silver plate in dimethyl sulfoxide. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the obtained nanocrystal samples. The mechanisms for optical limiting performance of an Ag2S NP colloid were investigated under exposure to nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at 532 nm. The observed aperture dependence of the Ag2S NP limiting performance indicates that the nonlinear scattering plays an important role in the limiting action of the sample. The Ag2S NPs may enhance the absorption of laser light by the two‐photon absorption process and induce a very high rise in the temperature of the sample, which leads to the formation of scattering centers.
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 7/7‐8
Authors: Park Seong‐Ju
Published: July 2010

The 8th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS‐8), a biennial event, was held in Jeju, Korea from 18 to 23 October 2009. ICNS‐8 was the eighth conference in a very successful series, following the previous conferences in Las Vegas (2007), Bremen (2005), Nara (2003), Denver (2001), Montpellier (1999), Tokushima (1997), and Nagoya (1995).

Even when global economic recession and new influenza accidentally happened, we received a larger number of abstracts and pre‐registration than we expected. A new record number of 1,014 participants from 33 countries around the world attended and more than 750 presentations on a variety of aspects of nitride semiconductors were given at ICNS‐8. The conference reflected the exuberant and vital activities aimed at the theme of “Low carbon, green growth” to open a new arena for nitride semiconductors and related fields.

It is our great honor to publish the proceedings of ICNS‐8 in physica status solidi. 249 manuscripts were submitted for publication. All the papers were reviewed in the same way as normal papers submitted to physica status solidi and 220 papers were accepted for publication. Some of accepted papers were selected to be published in special sections of physica status solidi (a) (41 papers) and physica status solidi (b) (17 papers).

I would like to express my sincere thanks to each member of the International Advisory Committee and the Organizing Committee who provided continuous support for us to organize this conference. I also appreciate our Program Committee members. Despite of their busy and tight schedule, they spent precious time to read abstracts and did hard work at the Technical Program Committee Meeting held at Jeju in last July. Owing to their spectacular job, we had an excellent program with highly qualified papers. I also thank the Publication Committee for the ICNS‐8 proceedings. Without their effort, we could not get this invaluable result. We would also like to thank all the sponsors and agencies for their financial support for us to successfully organize the largest ICNS‐8.

Finally, I would like to thank all the authors and participants for their valuable contributions to make ICNS‐8 a most exciting and informative conference. We look forward to meeting all of you again at ICNS‐9 in Glasgow in July 2011 (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of InGaN quantum dots in regularly arranged GaN nanocolumns grown by rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Sekiguchi Hiroto , Kishino Katsumi , Kikuchi Akihiko
Published: July 2010

InGaN quantum dots (QDs) were successfully integrated at the apex of each pyramid‐topped GaN nanocolumn. Various nanocolumn arrays with different nanocolumn diameters arranged in a triangular lattice were prepared on GaN templates by Ti‐mask selective‐area growth (SAG) with rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy (rf‐MBE). The photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength from the InGaN QDs shifted from 477 to 516 nm with increasing nanocolumn diameter from 206 to 326 nm. From the Arrhenius plot of PL integrated intensity, the PL internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was evaluated to be 48.4% for the 516‐nm‐wavelength sample. Threading dislocations at the bottom region of the nanocolumns were bent toward the sidewall and did not propagate to the upper active layer, which contributed to the higher PL efficiency. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)