bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Mixed IoT LPWAN Network Architecture
Authors: Rubio-Aparicio Jesus , Cerdan-Cartagena Fernando , Suardiaz-Muro Juan , Ybarra-Moreno Javier
Published: February 2019

IoT is much more than a large number of objects or customer devices connected to the Internet. IoT offers organizations many more opportunities than they can imagine. According to this, sooner or later they will probably choose to build their own IoT network. In this article, we review the technologies of IoT LPWAN Sigfox and LoRa. It can be considered the most important at present due to its ability to make the smart city possible. We also propose the development, deployment and implementation of a mixed IoT architecture LoRa-Sigfox composed of components based on open hardware and software. The architecture is evaluated in a real environment focused on remote monitoring of water meter devices.
A Sigfox Energy Consumption Model
Authors: Gomez Carles , Veras Juan Carlos , Vidal Rafael , Casals Lluís , Paradells Josep
Published: February 2019

Sigfox has become one of the main Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, as it has attracted the attention of the industry, academy and standards development organizations in recent years. Sigfox devices, such as sensors or actuators, are expected to run on limited energy sources; therefore, it is crucial to investigate the energy consumption of Sigfox. However, the literature has only focused on this topic to a very limited extent. This paper presents an analytical model that characterizes device current consumption, device lifetime and energy cost of data delivery with Sigfox. In order to capture a realistic behavior, the model has been derived from measurements carried out on a real Sigfox hardware module. The model allows quantifying the impact of relevant Sigfox parameters and mechanisms, as well as frame losses, on Sigfox device energy performance. Among others, evaluation results show that the considered Sigfox device, powered by a 2400 mAh battery, can achieve a theoretical lifetime of 1.5 or 2.5 years while sending one message every 10 min at 100 bit/s or 600 bit/s, respectively, and an asymptotic lifetime of 14.6 years as the message transmission rate decreases.
Moral Distress and Resilience in the Occupational Therapy Workplace
Authors: Rivard Annette M. , Brown Cary A.
Published: February 2019

Healthcare professionals are inherently vulnerable to moral distress due to their frequent work with persons who are suffering or in crisis, in combination with the strong empathic orientation that underpins the very act of care giving. When accompanied by high workloads, deficiencies in management practices such as low recognition, lack of work autonomy, and/or insufficient opportunity for growth and development, persons in caring professions are at an even higher risk of moral distress. There is evidence that professional resilience is effective in mitigating workplace stress. Successful individual-management of moral distress requires attention to the broader institutional conditions under which these difficulties arise. This paper presents findings from 79 occupational therapists in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, who participated in a survey of moral distress and resilience. On a standardized measure of resiliency their scores fell at the lower end of normal. On a standardized measure of moral distress, the highest levels involved issues of: time to do the job properly, deteriorated quality of care, insensitive co-workers, and unrealistic expectations from others. Nearly 50% reported that they had considered leaving a position due to moral distress. The survey was carried out with the goal of developing a teaching module that included education about moral distress and recommendations for the enhancement of both individual resilience and the construction of resiliency-promoting work environments.
Performance Evaluation of Distance Measurement Methods for Construction Noise Prediction Using Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Kwon Nahyun , Lee Joosung , Park Moonsun , Yoon Inseok , Ahn Yonghan
Published: February 2019

Concerns over environmental issues have recently increased. Particularly, construction noise in highly populated areas is recognized as a serious stressor that not only negatively affects humans and their environment, but also construction firms through project delays and cost overruns. To deal with noise-related problems, noise levels need to be predicted during the preconstruction phase. Case-based reasoning (CBR) has recently been applied to noise prediction, but some challenges remain to be addressed. In particular, problems with the distance measurement method have been recognized as a recurring issue. In this research, the accuracy of the prediction results was examined for two distance measurement methods: The weighted Euclidean distance (WED) and a combination of the Jaccard and Euclidean distances (JED). The differences and absolute error rates confirmed that the JED provided slightly more accurate results than the WED with an error ratio of approximately 6%. The results showed that different methods, depending on the attribute types, need to be employed when computing similarity distances. This research not only contributes an approach to achieve reliable prediction with CBR, but also contributes to the literature on noise management to ensure a sustainable environment by elucidating the effects of distance measurement depending on the attribute types.
Elimination of Schistosomiasis Mekongi from Endemic Areas in Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Current Status and Plans
Authors: Khieu Virak , Sayasone Somphou , Muth Sinuon , Kirinoki Masashi , Laymanivong Sakhone , Ohmae Hiroshi , Huy Rekol , Chanthapaseuth Thipphavanh , Yajima Aya , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Bergquist Robert , Odermatt Peter
Published: February 2019

The areas endemic for schistosomiasis in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and in Cambodia were first reported 50 and 60 years ago, respectively. However, the causative parasite Schistosoma mekongi was not recognized as a separate species until 1978. The infection is distributed along a limited part of the Mekong River, regulated by the focal distribution of the intermediate snail host Neotricula aperta. Although more sensitive diagnostics imply a higher figure, the current use of stool examinations suggests that only about 1500 people are presently infected. This well-characterized setting should offer an exemplary potential for the elimination of the disease from its endemic areas; yet, the local topography, reservoir animals, and a dearth of safe water sources make transmission control a challenge. Control activities based on mass drug administration resulted in strong advances, and prevalence was reduced to less than 5% according to stool microscopy. Even so, transmission continues unabated, and the true number of infected people could be as much as 10 times higher than reported. On-going control activities are discussed together with plans for the future.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Taking Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy in Sierra Leone
Authors: Buh Amos , Kota Komlan , Bishwajit Ghose , Yaya Sanni
Published: February 2019

Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that gestational and congenital malaria can be prevented by using intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). IPTp-SP is a full therapeutic course of antimalarial medicine administered during pregnancy as a component of antenatal care. This study’s objective was to assess the prevalence and predictors of IPTp-SP uptake in pregnancy in Sierra Leone. This study was based on the fifth round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 5) conducted in Sierra Leone in 2016. Participants were 8526 women aged between 15–49 years. Outcome variables were uptake of IPTp-SP during the last pregnancy. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation and logistic regression methods. Results showed that the prevalence of taking IPTp-SP was 94.81% (92.40, 96.14), and that the prevalence of taking at least three doses was 93.24% (92.50, 94.81). In the multivariate logistic regression, education, parity, and antenatal care (ANC) use were significant predictors of IPTp-SP uptake. Women with higher education had lower odds of taking IPTp-SP (Odds Ratio = 0.647, 95%CI = 0.444, 0.943); having higher parity (>4) was associated with lower odds of taking IPTp-SP (OR = 0.663; 95%CI = 0.442, 0.994) and adequate ANC use increased the odds of taking IPTp-SP in both urban (OR = 1.450, 95%CI = 1.158, 3.128) and rural areas (OR = 1.903, 95%CI = 1.069, 1.966). In contrast, the positive association between ANC visits and adequate doses of taking IPTp-SP was true for rural women only (OR = 1.408, 95%CI = 1.174, 1.689). In conclusion, the use of IPTp-SP is close to being universal, with the prevalence being relatively higher in the rural areas. Based on our findings, promoting adequate antenatal care visits should be regarded as a key strategy to improve the use of IPTp-SP in Sierra Leone. Further studies could focus on exploring other predictors of IPTp-SP uptake that are not captured by MICS in Sierra Leone.
Highlights from GERDA: Probing the Majorana Neutrino Mass at 100 meV
Authors: Cattadori Carla , the GERDA Collaboration on behalf of
Published: February 2019

Since 2010, the Gerda experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) operates searching for neutrinoless double beta decay ( 0 ν β β ) of 76 Ge to the ground and excited states of 76 Se. 0 ν β β is an ultra-rare process whose detection would directly establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and provide a direct measurement of its mass. Since the apparatus upgrade in 2013–2015, the collaboration released the third update of the achieved results at the Neutrino 2018 Conference. The hardware upgrade and the fine tuning of the powerful analysis tools to reconstruct the event energy and to discriminate the background allowed the achievement of the energy resolution of 3 keV and 3.6 keV for Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) and Coaxial Germanium (Coax) detectors, respectively, and an unprecedented low background index of 0.6 · 10 - 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) 10 - 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) in a 230 keV netto range centered at Q β β in the exposure of 58.93 kg·yr. No evidence of the 0 ν β β decay is found at the Q β β = 2039.1 keV, and the limit of 0.9 · 10 26 yr on the half-life ( T 1 / 2 0 ν ) at 90% C.L. is set. This corresponds to the limit range for the effective Majorana neutrino mass m e e of 110–260 meV. The Gerda sensitivity in terms of background index, energy resolution and exposure is the best achieved so far in 76 Ge double beta decay experiments, the energy resolution and background in the Region Of Interest (ROI) allow Gerda to operate in a background-free regime and to set a world record.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN TRANSIT TRANSPORT
Authors: Palšaitis Ramūnas , Bazaras Darius , Labanauskas Gintautas
Published: February 2019

The results of the comparative analysis of Lithuanian and Latvian transit transport show that transit transport systems of these countries compete against each other. Latvia has evidently better developed harbours, which are able to process bigger scopes of loads. In comparison with Lithuanian transit transport system, Latvia has the competitive advantages, which are determined by its historical and trading relations, infrastructure, socio‐cultural environment and traditions as well as more favourable integration with other systems of transport. In this article general indicators of sea and railroads transit transport as well as the problems, which impede the development of transport system, are analysed. It is suggested to pay attention to the proposed strategic directions of transit services development as well as to solve (on the governmental level) the questions of competition choosing the cooperation policy of Lithuanian and Latvian systems of transit transport
THE DETERMINATION OF A COMPLEX CRITERION FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCKS
Authors: Vaičiūnas Gediminas , Lingaitis Leonas Povilas , Bureika Gintautas
Published: February 2019

For assessing the quality of rolling stocks, the research was made into the operational expenses aimed to derive their relation with the time of rolling stock operation which could be used as a basis of the above generalized complex criterion. In this way a dimensionless composite index with the value not exceeding one was obtained for assessing the locomotive performance. If this index is more than one, the rolling stock should be written off as inefficient and obsolete equipment.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMBINED PARAMETRICAL ANALYSIS OF IN INDICATOR PROCESS AND THERMAL LOADING ON THE DIESEL ENGINE PISTON
Authors: Lebedevas Sergejus , Lebedeva Galina
Published: February 2019

In the publication the methodical aspects of a mathematical model of the combined parametrical analysis of an indicator process and thermal loading on the diesel engine piston have been considered. A thermodynamic model of a diesel engine cycle is developed. The executed development is intended for use during researches and on the initial stages of design work. Its realization for high revolution diesel engines of perspective type CHN15/15 allowed to choose rational variants for the organization of an indicator process and to prove power ranges of application for not cooled and created cooled oil welded pistons.
OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT THE TERMINAL
Authors: Bagdoniene Danute , Mazūra Skirmantas
Published: February 2019

The reliability of terminal operation is analysed by statistical methods based on the collected statistical data. Major estimates are made on a specified credibility level (probability). When the terminal is highly reliable and the interaction between transport facilities, freight senders and recipients is efficient, the work with minimum reserves and lower storage costs may be planned. The optimization problem of managing the interaction of railway and road transport at the seaport terminals is considered and the number of transfers to the port or approach roads is determined.
APPLICATION OF FUEL CELLS IN TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Ziliukas Antanas
Published: February 2019

The development of fuel sort of vehicles assumes a wide spectrum of application in America and Europe. Safety assessment is needed for car exploitation using hydrogen fuel. Therefore this article covers the control methodology of defects adapting the science advancement for hydrogen fuel operation. To achieve this aim the damage prevention methodology of mechanic phenomena and damage modeling for hydrogen fuel cells is suggested. In the presented methodology the methods and steps of safety assessment are discussed.
DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE RETROFITED REAR SUSPENSION OF THE VEHICLE
Authors: Bogdevičius Marijonas , Junevičius Raimundas
Published: February 2019

The main aim of the investigation is to design rear suspension and to improve the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Three types of rear suspensions that consist of a leaf spring, a hydraulic and a pneumatic damper, an air spring are designed. The dynamic models of the quarter car with these rear suspensions are presented. Random disturbance of particular road surface is played back by using a spectral density and Monte Carlo method. Natural frequencies of rear suspension are presented. The dependence of standard deviations of the first, the second and the third derivates of particular random displacements on the vehicle speed is obtained. Dynamic characteristics of three rear suspensions are compared and the best rear suspension is determined.
INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF AN OVERHEAD CRANE LIFTING PROCESS IN A VERTICAL PLANE
Authors: Bogdevičius Marijonas , Vika Aleksandr
Published: February 2019

The paper analyses the dynamic behaviour of supporting structure of an overhead crane during the operation of a hoisting mechanism. The crane is expected to operate with a hook and to carry 50 kN of weight. The electric hoist consists of an asynchronous motor with a magnetic brake, a two‐level planet gear, a load drum and an upper block. Non‐linear equations of motion of a crane hoisting mechanism are derived. Real dynamic forces and their influence on the hoisting crane behaviour are obtained. Numerical results of the crane are derived considering two hoisting regimes during the operation of the hoisting.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT ‐ POSSIBILITY TO AVOID A DANGEROUS ROAD SECTION
Authors: Pikūnas Alvydas , Pumputis Vidmantas
Published: February 2019

The number of road traffic casualties is still very high, even though the number of fatalities in European countries is falling. In road traffic accidents involving personal injury, economic resources are destroyed and the productivity of economy is correspondingly impaired. Costs resulting from traffic accidents represent the largest single part of the overall cost of traffic in economus. Knowledge about the harm it does to economy is essential if measures to reduce road traffic accidents are identified and introduced. Economic evaluation of road safety measures using cost‐benefit analysis is based on the costs incurred as a result of road accidents. The avoidance of such costs represents the economic benefit of road safety measures. Road safety audit is a formal procedure for independent assessment of the accident potential and likely safety performance of a specific design for a road or traffic scheme - either new construction or alteration of an existing road.
PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIRECT‐INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON RAPESEED OIL AND ITS BLENDS WITH DIESEL FUEL
Authors: Labeckas Gvidonas , Slavinskas Stasys
Published: February 2019

During engine operation at 1 400, 1 800 and 2 200 min‐1 the brake specific fuel consumption has on an average been increased by 0,104 %, 0,134 % and 0,156 % for every 1 % point increase in RO inclusion into DF. The maximum thermal efficiency values remain within 0,37–0,39 intervals.

The maximum NOx emission increases with the mass percent of oxygen in the fuel blend and for RO and its blends RO75 and RO50 are higher by 9,2 %, 20,7 % and 5,1 %, respectively. Emissions of NO2 increase with an increasing content of RO premixed into DF.

When operating on pure RO and its blends RO75 and RO50 the maximum CO emission reduces by 40,5 % ‐52,9 % and 7,2 %‐15,0 %, respectively. The smoke opacity generated from RO and its blends is also by 27,1% ‐34,6 % and 41,7 % ‐51,0 % lower.

Emissions of HC remain on a considerably low level ranging between 8 to 16 ppm whereas during engine operation on pure RO they approach to about a zero level. Emissions of CO2 for RO and fuel blend RO75 are slightly higher.
INVESTIGATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE EXTINGUISHING DEVICE
Authors: Bogdevicius Marijonas , Suslavicius Vladimiras
Published: February 2019

The main aim of the investigation is to develop an approach to investigate hydrodynamic processes in the extinguishing device. The mathematical model of the extinguishing device is presented where the flow of fluid and gas and the interaction of liquid with gas are taken into account. The flow of fluid in a hydraulic system is described by a system of equations of a hyperbolic type which is solved by a characteristics method. An instance of the mathematical simulation of the activity extinguishing device is shown. The dependence of recoil force is obtained.
Diversity of Galaxy Dust Attenuation Curves Drives the Scatter in the IRX–β Relation
Authors: Salim Samir , Boquien Médéric
Published: February 2019

We study the drivers of the scatter in the IR excess (IRX)–β relation using 23,000 low-redshift galaxies from the GALEX–SDSS–WISE Legacy Catalog 2 (GSWLC-2). For each galaxy, we derive, using CIGALE and the spectral energy distribution+LIR fitting technique, the slope of the dust attenuation curve and the strength of the UV bump, plus many other galaxy parameters. We find that the IRX–β scatter is driven entirely by a wide range of attenuation curves—primarily by their slopes. Once the slope and the UV bump are fixed, the scatter in the IRX–β relation vanishes. The question of the IRX–β scatter is a direct manifestation of the more fundamental question of the diversity of dust attenuation curves. The predominant role of the attenuation curve is the consequence of a narrow range of intrinsic UV slopes of star-forming (SF) galaxies. Galaxies with different specific star formation rates (sSFRs) or population ages do not show strong trends in the IRX–β diagram because their attenuation curves are, on average, similar. Similarly, there is no shift in the IRX–β locus between starbursts and normal SF galaxies, both types having, on average, steep attenuation curves. Optical opacity is identified as the strongest determinant of the attenuation curve slope and consequently of the IRX–β diversity. Despite the scatter, the use of an average IRX–β relation is justified to correct SFRs, adding a random error of ≲0.15 dex. The form of the local correspondence between IRX–β and attenuation curves is maintained at high redshifts as long as the evolution of the intrinsic UV slopes stays within a few tenths.
On the Contribution of EMIC Waves to the Reconfiguration of the Relativistic Electron Butterfly Pitch Angle Distribution Shape on 2014 September 12—A Case Study*
Authors: Medeiros Claudia , Souza V. M. , Vieira L. E. A. , Sibeck D. G. , Halford A. J. , Kang S.-B. , Silva L. A. Da , Alves L. R. , Marchezi J. P. , Dallaqua R. S. , Jauer P. R. , Rockenbach M. , Mendes O. , Alves M. V. , Lago A. Dal , Fok M.-C. , Kanekal S. G. , Baker D. N. , Kletzing C. A.
Published: February 2019

Following the arrival of two interplanetary coronal mass ejections on 2014 September 12, the Relativistic Electron–Proton Telescope instrument on board the twin Van Allen Probes observed a long-term dropout in the outer belt electron fluxes. The interplanetary shocks compressed the magnetopause, thereby enabling the loss of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt to the magnetosheath region via the magnetopause shadowing. Previous studies have invoked enhanced radial transport associated with ultra-low-frequency waves activity and/or scattering into the atmosphere by whistler mode chorus waves to explain electron losses deep within the magnetosphere (L < 5.5). We show that energetic electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) provide strong evidence for precipitation also via interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. High-resolution magnetic field observations on Van Allen Probe B confirm the sporadic presence of EMIC waves during the most intense dropout phase on September 12. Observational results suggest that magnetopause shadowing and EMIC waves together were responsible for reconfiguring the relativistic electron PADs into peculiar butterfly PAD shapes a few hours after an interplanetary shock arrived at Earth.
X-Ray Surface Brightness Profiles of Optically Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Comparison with X-Ray AGNs
Authors: Mukherjee Sagnick , Bhattacharjee Anirban , Chatterjee Suchetana , Newman Jeffrey A. , Yan Renbin
Published: February 2019

We use data from the All Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey to construct stacked X-ray maps of optically bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and an associated control sample of galaxies at high redshift (z ∼ 0.6). From our analysis of the surface brightness profiles obtained from these X-ray maps, we find evidence of feedback from the active nuclei. We find that excluding galaxies and AGNs, residing in group environments, from our samples enhances the significance of our detection. Our results support the tentative findings of Chatterjee et al., who use X-ray-selected AGNs for their analysis. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of quantifying AGN feedback and show that the current method can be used to extract an X-ray source population in high-redshift galaxies.
LAXPC/AstroSat Study of ∼1 and ∼2 mHz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Be/X-Ray Binary 4U 0115+63 during Its 2015 Outburst
Authors: Roy Jayashree , Agrawal P. C. , Iyer N. K. , Bhattacharya D. , Yadav J. S. , Antia H. M. , Chauhan J. V. , Choudhury M. , Dedhia D. K. , Katoch T. , Madhavani P. , Manchanda R. K. , Misra R. , Pahari M. , Paul B. , Shah P.
Published: February 2019

The Be/X-ray binary 4U 0115+63 was observed by the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) instrument on AstroSat on 2015 October 24 during the peak of a giant Type II outburst. Prominent intensity oscillations at ∼1 and ∼2 mHz frequency were detected during the outburst. Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations made during the same outburst also show millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). Details of the oscillations and their characteristics deduced from LAXPC/AstroSat and NuSTAR observations are reported in this paper. Analysis of the archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array data during 2001–2011 also show the presence of millihertz QPOs during some of the outbursts, and details of these QPOs are also reported. Possible models to explain the origin of the millihertz oscillations are examined. Similar QPOs, albeit at higher frequencies, have been reported from other neutron star and black hole sources, and both may have a common origin. Current models to explain the instability in the inner accretion disk causing the intense oscillations are discussed.
The Long-term Evolution and Appearance of Type Iax Postgenitor Stars
Authors: Zhang Michael , Fuller Jim , Schwab Josiah , Foley Ryan J.
Published: February 2019

Type Iax supernovae may arise from failed explosions of white dwarfs (WDs) that leave behind a bound remnant (i.e., a “postgenitor” star) that could be identified in wide field surveys. To understand their observational signatures, we simulate these WD postgenitors from shortly after explosion until they move back down the WD cooling track, and we consider several possible WD masses and explosion energies. To predict the peculiar surface abundances of the WD postgenitors, our models take into account gravitational settling and radiative levitation. We find that radiative levitation is significant at temperatures above a mass-dependent critical temperature, typically in the range T
eff ≈ (50–100) × 103 K, significantly increasing surface abundances of iron group elements. Due to enhanced iron group opacity compared to normal WDs, the postgenitor peak luminosity and cooling timescale depend sensitively on mass, with more massive WDs becoming brighter but cooling much faster. We discuss our results in light of recently discovered hypervelocity WDs with peculiar surface compositions, finding that our low-mass postgenitor models match many of their observational characteristics. Finally, we explore the effects of thermohaline diffusion, tentatively finding that it strongly suppresses abundance enhancements created by radiative levitation, but more realistic modeling is required to reach a firm conclusion.
Fermi Observation of the Jets of the Microquasar SS 433
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang , Jithesh V.
Published: February 2019

We report our analysis of the data obtained with the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) for the SS 433/W50 region. The total data length is ten years. Different from the previous results reported for this region (for which an old version of database was used), we show that excess emission is detected around the w1 region in the western lobe of the jets from SS 433. The region is bright at X-rays due to the interaction between the jet and the ambient medium. This detection also matches well the recent results of the very-high-energy detection of SS 433/W50 with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC). However, the eastern regions that are slightly brighter in HAWC’s observation are not detected in the Fermi data. Constructing the broadband spectral energy distribution for the western region, we compare with the HAWC results for the eastern regions and discuss the possible origin of the emission. A leptonic scenario can provide a fit to the Fermi GeV spectrum and HAWC TeV detection, where the former and latter are due to the synchrotron radiation and inverse-Compton process respectively. However, the model cannot explain the X-ray and radio emission from the region simultaneously, which thus requires further observational and theoretical studies of the region in order to clarify the reasons.
First Gaia Dynamics of the Andromeda System: DR2 Proper Motions, Orbits, and Rotation of M31 and M33
Authors: van der Marel Roeland P. , Fardal Mark A. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Patel Ekta , Besla Gurtina , Pino Andrés del , Sahlmann Johannes , Watkins Laura L.
Published: February 2019

The 3D velocities of M31 and M33 are important for understanding the evolution and cosmological context of the Local Group. Their most massive stars are detected by Gaia, and we use Data Release 2 (DR2) to determine the galaxy proper motions (PMs). We select galaxy members based on, e.g., parallax, PM, color–magnitude diagram location, and local stellar density. The PM rotation of both galaxies is confidently detected, consistent with the known line-of-sight rotation curves:

(counterclockwise) for M31, and

(clockwise) for M33. We measure the center-of-mass PM of each galaxy relative to surrounding background quasars in DR2. This yields that

equals

for M31 and

for M33. In addition to the listed random errors, each component has an additional residual systematic error of

. These results are consistent at 0.8σ and 1.0σ with the (2 and 3 times higher accuracy) measurements already available from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical imaging and Very Long Baseline Array water maser observations, respectively. This lends confidence that all these measurements are robust. The new results imply that the M31 orbit toward the Milky Way (MW) is somewhat less radial than previously inferred,

, and strengthen arguments that M33 may be on its first infall into M31. The results highlight the future potential of Gaia for PM studies beyond the MW satellite system.
A Cloud-based Architecture for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observation Simulations: Optimization, Design, and Results
Authors: Landoni M. , Romano P. , Vercellone S. , Knödlseder J. , Bianco A. , Tavecchio F. , Corina A.
Published: February 2019

Simulating and analyzing detailed observations of astrophysical sources for very high energy experiments, like the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), can be a demanding task especially in terms of CPU consumption and required storage. In this context we propose an innovative cloud computing architecture based on Amazon Web Services (AWS) aiming to decrease the amount of time required to simulate and analyze a given field by distributing the workload and by exploiting the large computational power offered by AWS. We detail how the various services offered by the Amazon online platform are jointly used in our architecture, and we report a comparison of the execution times required for simulating observations of a test source with CTA, by a single machine and the cloud-based approach. We find that, using AWS, we can run our simulations more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than using a general purpose workstation for the same cost. We suggest considering this method when observations need to be simulated, analyzed, and concluded within short timescales.
La migration internationale est-elle un facteur de divorce ? Les couples ghanéens au Ghana et à l’étranger
Authors: Caarls Kim , Mazzucato Valentina , Richou Camille
Published: February 2019

Cet article examine les effets de la migration internationale sur la probabilité de divorce parmi les couples ghanéens interrogés en 2009. Les couples ayant migré ensemble et les couples dont le mari ou la femme ont migré seuls sont comparés aux couples n’ayant aucune expérience de migration. La relation entre migration et divorce est replacée dans son contexte à l’aide des connaissances anthropologiques sur les relations conjugales au Ghana. Les données ghanéennes du programme de recherche Migrations entre l’Afrique et l’Europe , qui contiennent des informations rétrospectives sur les couples mariés, ont été analysées. L’analyse biographique en temps discret montre que les couples migrants présentent des taux de divorce plus importants que les couples non migrants, mais seulement lorsque la femme a migré, indépendamment ou avec son conjoint. Les couples étant restés plus longtemps séparés présentent également un risque de divorce plus important, particulièrement lorsque c’est l’homme qui migre.
Théories de la fécondité : des démographes sous influence ?
Authors: Leridon Henri
Published: February 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter l’évolution des théories de la fécondité à travers 23 textes fondateurs regroupés dans un manuel (Leridon, 2014, Les théories de la fécondité , Ined). Longtemps, la réflexion sur les comportements de fécondité ne put s’appuyer sur des données statistiques fiables : elle relevait plutôt de la philosophie, de la morale, de la science politique ou de la religion. Il a fallu attendre la naissance des sciences sociales, au xix e siècle, pour que puissent apparaître de véritables théories de la fécondité. Durant cette période, la transition démographique des pays européens et les transformations sociales et économiques qui l’accompagnent induisent de nouveaux comportements démographiques et de ce fait de nouvelles formulations théoriques. Beaucoup de disciplines nouvelles éclairent ces analyses : l’anthropologie, la sociologie, l’économie, la science politique, la psychologie. Paradoxalement, la démographie a tardé à développer des approches théoriques, sans doute parce qu’elle s’est d’abord affirmée comme une science quantitative. Force est alors de constater qu’il n’existe pas aujourd’hui de théorie de la fécondité qui fasse consensus. Ces différentes approches sont présentées à travers une sélection de textes de précurseurs, de théories de disciplines diverses, d’analyses sur la régulation des naissances et des approches de genre.
Caractérisation des flux migratoires en France à partir des statistiques de délivrance de titres de séjour (1998-2013)
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Boubtane Ekrame
Published: February 2019

Cet article analyse les données administratives relatives aux titres de séjour qui sont utilisées pour calculer les flux de migration permanente et légale en France d’étrangers en provenance de pays tiers. Il présente et discute la base nationale AGDREF (Application de gestion des dossiers de ressortissants étrangers en France) et l’ensemble des hypothèses méthodologiques retenues pour la construction de ces flux. Les flux d’entrées et de sorties annuels sont établis pour la période 1998-2013 à partir des informations sur la détention de titres de séjour dont la durée de validité est d’un an et plus extraites annuellement de la base AGDREF. l’étude est décomposée en fonction des flux d’entrées par âge, sexe et nationalité des personnes migrantes, ainsi que par durée de validité et motif de délivrance du titre de séjour. Les flux d’entrées ont atteint leur niveau le plus élevé dans les années 2003-2005 et sont en légère diminution depuis. En 2013, le flux d’entrées s’est établi à 192 419 personnes. Les personnes immigrées sont majoritairement de jeunes adultes, ressortissants d’un pays d’Afrique et venant en France pour motif familial ou pour études. Au cours de la période 1998-2013, les sorties estimées sont toujours inférieures aux entrées.
Plus diplômées, moins célibataires. L’inversion de l’hypergamie féminine au fil des cohortes en France
Authors: Bouchet-Valat Milan
Published: February 2019

L’hypergamie féminine, définie comme la propension des individus à former des couples au sein desquels la femme se trouve en infériorité par rapport à l’homme, est un phénomène largement observé. Cet article analyse la formation des premières unions à l’aide de l’enquête Étude de l’histoire familiale 1999. Les couples dans lesquels la femme est plus diplômée que son conjoint sont plus fréquents que le cas inverse en France depuis les cohortes nées à la fin des années 1950. Ce mouvement est principalement dû à l’allongement de la scolarité des femmes qui sont désormais plus diplômées que les hommes, mais va au-delà de ce qu’imposait l’évolution de la structure de la population (hypergamie relative), traduisant une modification des préférences des individus. Enfin, nous observons que le célibat définitif des femmes n’augmente plus avec leur diplôme, alors que les plus diplômées nées avant-guerre étaient fortement désavantagées sur le marché conjugal. À l’inverse, le célibat définitif des hommes non diplômés s’est accentué, signe de l’effet négatif persistant des difficultés d’insertion professionnelle sur la conjugalité masculine. Ces résultats indiquent un net recul de la norme d’hypergamie féminine en termes de diplôme – dont la portée demeure cependant incertaine.
La normativité contemporaine et l’impératif d’autonomie
Authors: Donegani Jean-Marie
Published: February 2019

Toute société est réglée par un ensemble de normes qui définissent les conduites liées à des statuts. Les sociétés contemporaines fondées sur la valeur de l’individu et de son autonomie sont aussi normées que les précédentes mais elles conjuguent de manière inédite les processus d’assujettissement et les processus de subjectivation. Le néolibéralisme qui marque nos sociétés promeut le modèle d’un individu qui se construit en évaluant à tout moment ses compétences pour les améliorer, en faisant de sa vie elle-même une mise à l’épreuve permanente de son capital humain. Dans la mesure où l’autonomie est maintenant ordonnée à l’impératif de productivité, la nouvelle donne culturelle de l’individualisme est défaite de sa portée émancipatrice et ne débouche ni sur une liberté nouvelle ni sur une socialité apaisée.
Le rapport aux normes aujourd’hui : continuités et/ou changements ?
Authors: Maesschalck Marc
Published: February 2019

Cette contribution distingue quatre approches différentes du rapport aux normes dans une société donnée : contextuelle, essentialiste, pragmatique et réflexive. La thèse défendue est que lorsqu’on se limite aux deux premières, on risque de manquer la manière dont les attentes normatives des membres d’une société conditionnent directement, de l’intérieur, la structure pratique des normes et influent ainsi sur leur capacité à produire de l’équité, de la confiance et de l’autorité. Méthodologiquement, il semble donc décisif de bien cerner la manière dont obligation et reconnaissance s’imbriquent dans la production du commun par le rapport aux normes.
Le rapport historique aux normes en théologie morale
Authors: Thomasset Alain
Published: February 2019

En théologie morale, le rapport aux normes a évolué au cours de l’histoire. Au tournant de la modernité, la période casuistique montre une nouvelle manière de se rapporter aux normes du fait de l’avènement de questions nouvelles et de circonstances historiques inédites. Le cas de l’assurance maritime ou du prêt à intérêt est symptomatique de cette réinterprétation des normes traditionnelles dans le cadre d’une délibération entre théologiens. Il montre aussi la variabilité du rapport aux normes selon les systèmes moraux adoptés. Sa pertinence pour aujourd’hui se manifeste au sujet du lien entre doctrine et pastorale, de la prise en compte d’une logique du probable, de l’importance du récit et de la délibération collective dans le discernement des situations complexes.
Le cléricalisme et les abus sexuels sur mineurs
Authors: Joulain Stéphane
Published: February 2019

Le pape François dénonce régulièrement le cléricalisme comme un des problèmes importants dans l’Église. Le cléricalisme s’inscrit dans une spécificité sociale et se maintient par différentes résistances systémiques. L’Église catholique est un système complexe, hiérarchisé, aux influences multiples. L’identité et le rôle des clercs, le rapport entre autorité et pouvoir sont à considérer. Le cléricalisme est aussi entretenu par des dynamiques corporatistes : culture du secret, absence de reddition de compte et de transparence ; difficulté de nombreux évêques catholiques à envisager la nécessité d’une réforme en profondeur. Des solutions existent, elles passent entre autres par un meilleur partage des responsabilités et plus de collaboration entre clercs et laïcs.
Évolutions récentes du travail à temps partiel en France
Authors: Fontaine Idriss , Lalé Etienne , Parmentier Alexis
Published: February 2019

Nous étudions la dynamique du travail à temps partiel et sa contribution aux ajustements cycliques du marché du travail français. Nous montrons que le temps partiel interagit peu avec l’emploi à plein temps, et que ses évolutions de court terme sont principalement expliquées par les transitions impliquant le chômage et l’inactivité. Le recours au travail à temps partiel comme outil de flexibilité interne permettant de faire face à une baisse conjoncturelle de l’activité est donc limité. Nous mettons ces résultats en perspective en les reliant à plusieurs caractéristiques institutionnelles du marché du travail français et à leurs évolutions récentes.
Taxation foncière redistributive : une fondation macroéconomique du georgisme
Authors: Trannoy Alain
Published: February 2019

Les idées d’Henry George ont semblé être enterrées pendant plus d’un siècle. Sa principale idée était de financer un revenu de base au moyen d’une taxe prélevée uniquement sur la rente foncière. Après avoir montré que le retour du capital, tel que mis en avant par Thomas Piketty, peut plutôt s’interpréter comme un retour sur le devant de la scène de la rente foncière, nous construisons un modèle augmenté d’accumulation du capital à la Judd : les capitalistes possèdent de la terre qui est louée aux travailleurs pour qu’ils se logent, et en retour ceux-ci louent leur force de travail aux capitalistes. Nous montrons tout d’abord que la taxe sur le capital n’est pas une taxe de premier rang, puis qu’une taxe foncière ou une taxe d’habitation sont des taxes de premier rang qui permettent de financer un supplément de revenu aux travailleurs. En particulier, la taxe d’habitation est entièrement supportée par les propriétaires. Sa suppression devrait donc se traduire par une hausse des loyers. Si la terre urbaine est en quantité fixe, les loyers, y compris les loyers imputés, augmentent en proportion du revenu national pour une élasticité de la quantité de logement par rapport au loyer relativement inélastique (inférieure à 1) quand la population augmente. En conclusion, nous abordons le volet préconisations en matière fiscale auquel conduit ce type d’analyse, en évoquant la suppression de la taxe d’habitation, la création de l’impôt sur la fortune immobilière et la cotisation foncière des entreprises.
Intraindividual Comparison of the Effect of Training on Visual Performance With ReSTOR and Tecnis Diffractive Multifocal IOLs
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Fahle Manfred , Ott Gregor , Mester Ulrich
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Several studies have shown that after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation visual function improves gradually over a period of several months. To accelerate this learning process, a prospective, intraindividual comparative study was performed to investigate the efficacy of a special visual training program on the postoperative visual performance.

Methods:

Sixteen patients with bilateral phacoemulsification and multifocal IOL implantation in both eyes (Alcon ReSTOR [n=8] and AMO Tecnis ZM900 [n=8]) received computer-based visual training 6 weeks postoperatively based on the concept of perceptual learning of discrimination line orientations. The training was performed over 2 weeks in six sessions in one eye of each patient. The untrained fellow eye served as control. Before and after the training period and at 6 months, orientation visual acuity, distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and near visual acuity for different contrast levels were assessed.

Results:

After 2 weeks of training, the mean improvement of orientation visual acuity in the trained eyes was 82%, which was significantly higher than the control eyes (
P
<.001). Contrast sensitivity and near vision under different contrast levels showed a significant benefit of training. The superior function of the trained eyes was still present at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Visual performance after multifocal IOL implantation can be significantly accelerated by a specific 2-week training program. This effect is sustained over a 6-month period. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:287–293.]
Comparison of Acri.Smart Multifocal IOL, Crystalens AT-45 Accommodative IOL, and Technovision PresbyLASIK for Correcting Presbyopia
Authors: Patel Sudi , Alió Jorge L. , Feinbaum Claes
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To compare the visual outcomes of two intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Acri.Smart [multifocal] and AT-45 [accommodative]) for correction of distance and near visual acuity with a LASIK procedure for presbyopia (presbyLASIK) and a control group fitted with a standard distance-correcting monofocal IOL (Acrysof).

Methods:

Distance and near decimal visual acuities were measured under similar conditions before and 6 months postoperatively in 45 patients (87 eyes) who comprised four groups: Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presby-LASIK, and control (monofocal IOL). All acuity measures were standardized at 20 m (distance, projected chart) and 40 cm (near). All visual acuity measures were taken in the same ambient light conditions and contrast. All data were collected in a randomized, masked style.

Results:

Pre- and postoperative distance mean visual acuities for the Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presbyLASIK, and controls groups, respectively, were 0.15±0.21 and 0.66±0.35; 0.31±0.14 and 0.68±0.28; 0.35±0.15 and 0.80±0.33; and 0.32±0.18 and 0.59±0.29. Pre- and postoperative near mean visual acuities for the Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presbyLASIK, and control groups, respectively, were 0.13±0.21 and 0.62±0.35; 0.43±0.22 and 0.51±0.27; 0.15±0.20 and 0.68±0.33; and 0.40±0.29 and 0.30±0.13. Distance and near visual acuities improved significantly after surgery (
P
<.05) except near acuities for the AT-45 IOL and control groups.

Conclusions:

For these patients, distance and near acuities improved with presbyLASIK and Acri.Smart IOLs when compared with controls. In those patients treated with the AT-45 IOL, average distance visual acuity improved but not near visual acuity. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:294–299.]
A Comparative Analysis of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Methods After Myopic Excimer Laser Surgery
Authors: Fam Han Bor , Lim Kooi Ling
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To compare the accuracy and predictability of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation methods in eyes after myopic excimer laser surgery.

Methods:

Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation outcomes in 37 eyes of 37 patients with prior LASIK or photorefractive keratectomy were documented (amount of correction=−6.92±3.12 diopters (D), range: −2.00 to −13.00 D). The theoretical IOL power that would have resulted in emmetropia was calculated (IOL
emme
). Using the clinical history keratometry and biometry, the IOL power was calculated using the following methods: Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff (SRK)-T, SRK-T Double-K (DK), Holladay 1 DK, Hoffer Q DK, Holladay 2 DK, Feiz-Mannis, and Ladas-Stark corneal bypass. The calculated IOL power was compared to IOL
emme
and used to determine the mean error and mean absolute error of refractive outcome for each eye.

Results:

The calculated IOL power using the SRK-T, Feiz-Mannis, and Holladay 1 DK methods were significantly different from IOL
emme
. The lowest mean absolute error was achieved using the Hoffer Q DK method (0.75±0.52 D), Holladay 2 DK (0.75±0.62 D), SRK-T DK (0.76±0.60 D), and Ladas-Stark (0.83±63 D). With the SRK-T DK method, 51.4% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia and 67.6% of eyes were within ±1.00 D. The Holladay 2 DK method had the highest percentage (81.1%) of eyes within ±1.00 D and 45.9% within ±0.50 D.

Conclusions:

The refractive results of IOL implantation using the same biometry data in eyes after LASIK can vary markedly. The SRK-T DK, Hoffer Q DK, and Holladay 2 DK methods resulted in the highest accuracy.

[
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:355–360.]