bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR DROUGHT PRONE RAINFED LOWLAND RICE IN ASIA: A REVIEW
Authors: Neupane Gaurab , Dhakal Avish , Bhattarai Kalyan , Teli Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2020

The rice-based rainfed lowland system in Asia covers about 45 million hectares which is almost 30% of the total rice area worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main crop in this system and grown in bunded fields that are flooded for at least part of the season. Altogether, drought stress is the most important limitation to production in rainfed lowlands and is estimated to affect frequently about 19 to 23 million hectares resulting the reduced yield and hunger problems. In addition, drought-prone environments are often simultaneously affected by other abiotic stresses like submergence, adverse soil conditions, pests and weeds. In turn two main management strategies for drought stress alleviation in rice can be distinguished. The first strategy is based on management options which allow to escape drought by either avoiding severe dry periods or by providing access to additional water resources. The second strategy is to moderate drought by reducing unproductive water losses and thereby “saving” water for productive transpiration. Within both strategies there are several management options which offer considerable scope for improvement of drought-prone rainfed lowlands, however, direct seeding and improved nutrient management are probably the most widely applicable options. “Aeroabic rice” a new system of rice cultivation still under development and is thought to have potential to adopt in specific target environments within the rainfed lowlands of Asia.
On the Need to Improve the Concept of "Unfair Competition"
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (branch) of All-Russian state University of justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Zagainov V. V. , Kuznetsov E. V. ,   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The main legally significant features of the legal concept of “unfair competition”are considered. It is one of the forms of abuse of law, which is expressed in the illegal behavior of the subject of market relations, which by means of forms of implementation of its subjective right that are not permitted by law or contraryto business customs, creates obstacles in the exercise of its competitors ‘ business rights and (or) harms consumers. There is no consumer figure in the definition of unfair competition. If the damage is caused to them, their rights are protected by consumer legislation. Currently, there is no unified concept of “unfair competition”. In legal science and legislation, there are definitions of unfair competition, but having a common meaning, their interpretations differ significantly, generating, in turn, not only disputes in the ranks of the scientific community, but also having a significant impact on law enforcement practice. The integrity of an economic entity is manifested primarily in its lawful behavior, but when implementing civil rights in the field of competition, law enforcement officers must understand the essence and take into account each feature contained in the above concept, since, otherwise, mistakes may be made in the implementation of rights, obligations and prohibitions in the field of competitive relations in the market of goods and services. At the same time, attention is drawn to the imperfection of the legal concept, which leads to a narrowing of the scope of relations arising in the course of violation of competition rules. The latter is a circumstance that reduces the effectiveness of competition protection in the Russian Federation. In order to eliminate the identified gaps, it is proposed to make a number of changes to the competition protection legislation.
Factors Affecting Nonmarital Pregnancy in Teenagers at Soe City Public Health Center Work Area, Soe City Sud-District, South Mid-East Regency
Authors: Ertiana Dwi , Nakamnanu Medrina Sofia
Published: December 2020

Teen pregnancy is an international phenomenon that has not been resolved until now. Free sex behavior is an effect of out of wedlock pregnancy. The purpose of this research is what factors that affect out of wedlock nonmarital pregnancy on the teenager in the working area of Soe city public health center, South Central Timor regency. This research used descriptive quantitative research design, factors that affect out of wedlock pregnancy on teenager as a variable and 127 total population and simple random sampling used as a technique with 55 respondents. This research was conducted on 29-11 June 2019, in the work area of Soe city public health center, South Central Timor Regency. Research instrument used a questionnaire and data analysis used distribution of frequency percentage. The results showed that, 32 respondent (59%) were lack of knowledge, 35 respondent (64%) were influencing promiscuity, 31 respondents (57%) were more permissive to peer group norms, 35 respondents (64%) were parenting support while 21 respondent (38%) were technology and social media affect. This indicated that the most influential factor out of wedlock nonmarital pregnancy on teenager were individual factor that the teenager were lack of knowledge about reproductive health and sexuality, behavior factor that the teenager influenced by promiscuity, and environmental factor that parenting issue.
Utilization of Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) to Improve Access to Health Services: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nuraina Nuraina
Published: December 2020

Maternity waiting home (MWH) is a home built in the compound or near to health facilities that provides standard medical and emergency obstetric care services. MWH is considered to be a key strategy to "bridge the geographical gap" in obstetric care between rural areas with poor access to equipped facilities, and urban areas where the services are available. This study aimed to systematically review the utilization of MWH to improve access to health service. The method of finding articles in this study was in the period 2014 to 2018, free full text, human species, and scholarly journals which were then identified using an electronic database from Pubmed, Proquest and Onesearch. Three articles were carried out with thematic analysis to identify the main points. Factors associated with the utilization of MWH included (1) Distance; (2) Complication during pregnancy; and (3) Income. Barrier in the utilization of MWH were (1) Inadequate number of room and postpartum bed; (2) Lack of water and sanitation facilities; and (3) Unavailable electricity. Partnership between health workers in rural facilities, stronger role of stakeholders, and a broader health system, were expected to increase the utilization of MWH.
Study on the Solution of Heavy Hydrocarbon Caused Frozen Stoppage in LNG Factory
Authors:   China National Aviation Fuel Southwest China Company, Wang An , Fang Dongyi ,   China Petroleum Engineering&Construction Corporation Company
Published: December 2020

This paper focus on the characteristics of heavy hydrocarbon frozen stoppage, which is based on the investigation of current problems of liquefied natural gas factory. Combined with the causes of frozen study, the paper analyzes the four kinds of technological schemes, such as "adsorption", "heavy hydrocarbon washing", "gas stripping + heavy hydrocarbon backflow" and "low temperature distillation" in a LNG project in Inner Mongolia of CNPC. It analysis the merits and drawbacks of every proposals from process simulation, process description, applicability, temperature parameters, liquefaction energy consumption, major equipment, investment etc. Finally this paper selects a heavy hydrocarbon removal process proposal, which is suitable for a LNG factory in Inner Mongolia, and is more simple process, low energy consumption, easy to operate. After the project is put into operation, the comparison between actual operation data and designed data proves the feasibility of this proposal. The results provide a guidance and reference for the subsequent LNG factory designing
Customs Payments Analysis as an Object of Economic Activity of Customs Authorities: Modern Realities of Shadow Exports
Authors: Pankova S. V. , Levin V. S. , Popov V. V.
Published: December 2020

The search for reserves for stabilization of Russian economy is coming to the fore in the context of the ongoing crisis. Given its raw material orientation, a significant share of which is accounted for by exports, and the high share of customs payments (in particular, export customs duties on oil and gas) in the structure of the Federal budget, it is extremely important to assess the estimated losses of customs payments as a result of shadow exports, which determines the relevance of this study. The paper discribes assessing the volume of customs payments in the conditions of the country’s shadow economy development as well as searching for sources of their increase in the structure of Federal budget revenues due to organizational measures. A review of positions of the Russian scientists in the field of economic categories including taking into account the normative and reference documentation. In this study it is proved that the activities of customs authorities belong to the type of organizational and economic relations and customs payments are an economic category. A methodological tool for economic analysis has been developed to identify the significance of losses from shadow exports for the state budget as well as to assess the correctness of the distribution of import customs duties to the budgets of the EAEU member States. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is determined by the prospects for increasing the volume of the Federal budget revenue due to the collection of customs duties. The study may be interesting for government agencies of foreign trade policy and Federal budget formation.
Síndromes dolorosos de la columna vertebral (S.D.C.V) en pacientes del dispensario de Cotocollao - IESS
Authors: Cordova Velasco Luis
Published: December 2020

Dentro de los aspectos poco estudiados en nuestro medio, se encuentran la investigación sobre la influencia que tiene la actividad física en el trabajo y en la aparición o cronificación de los S.D.C.V.

Estas enfermedades, aun cuando se cronifican o reagudizan causan en términos de labores diarias, fatiga fácil, disminución de rendimiento en el trabajo, desadaptación y hasta ausentismo; lo que va en detrimento de sus ingresos económicos y los de la familia, deteriorando al mismo tiempo, el nivel productivo de fábricas, empresas y de toda la nación.

El modelo económico actual del país ha permitido el aparecimiento de nuevos riesgos en la salud de los trabajadores, incluso determinados cmabios en la organización del trabajo, actividad monótona, ritmos intensos, todas estas condiciones desfavorables del ambiente laboral que repercuten en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores, que son objetos de nuestro estudio.

Los S.D.C.V son una entidad frecuente que incluso afectan a la población joven y por tanto en edad productiva, por otro lado está en la perspectiva de esta investigación el establecer nuevas pautas que mejoren el área técnica de la atención en lo referente a la prevención, evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la patología mencionada.
SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF STINK BUG MUSTHA SPINULOSA (LEFEBVRE, 1831) (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) ON SOME TREES IN ERBIL CITY
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Salahaddein, Erbil, Iraq, Muhammed Sarkaut Hussein
Published: December 2020

Phytophagous stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) are economically important insect pests of fruit, vegetable, nut and field crops. This study was carried out during the season of 2013 in orchards within Erbil city, to follow the stink bug Mustha spinulosa (Lefebvre, 1831) seasonal fluctuation on some fruit trees: olive, plum, apricot, pear, apple and almond. The stink bug reaches its maximum abundance throughout the second week of August (38.2/tree) coinciding with mean temperature and relative humidity of 33.40°C and 28.14% respectively, and the highest total mean of the number of the insect was recorded on the olive trees (181.8/tree). The study reveals that the stink bug attacked 22 trees (fruit and forest) while it has not attack any herbal plant.
Application of Logical Framework Approach on Sutong Bridge
Authors: Zhao Jian
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a literature review of the logical framework approach (LFA). A case study is conducted by application of LFA for the Sutong Bridge project, the longest cable-stayed bridge under construction at present in the world, to analyze the causes and effects for the insufficient quality management of bridge projects in China.It is identified that insufficient quality assurance system of contractor organization and poor site quality control are the immediate causes for the insufficient quality management of bridge construction in China. By creating problem trees and objective trees, alternative analysis for the different three options is performed. Further a project planning matrix is developed, based on which solutions are discussed and decisions are made by the owner, Sutong Bridge Construction Commanding Department. It is proved that by taking necessary measures the Sutong Bridge project has achieved its main goals of construction quality as expected.
Evaluation of connection flexibility in a road bridge
Authors: Machelski Czeslaw , Toczkiewicz R.
Published: December 2020

Shear studs used commonly in steel-concrete composite bridges may not assure full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab [1]. This problem is indicated in researches conducted on composite bridges. Using values such as deflections and shear slips in steel-concrete interface for estimation of connection flexibility in bridge structures seems to be ineffective in this case. In the paper authors’ own indices used for identification of the flexibility of connection, based on values of strains in steel beams, are proposed. The results if in-situ tests of a steel-concrete composite road bridge, under live static and movable loads are presented. The results give some remarks on local changes of connection flexibility in the bridge, due to live loads.
New structural frontiers for the self compacting concrete
Authors: Furlanetto Guido , Torricelli Lucio Ferretti
Published: December 2020

The design concept of the Tevere River Bridge is a combination of many construction technologies: pushing deck method, upper concrete arch, steel formwork arch and arch core made by self compacting concrete. After finishing the launching deck process the arch is built using a steel shell internally stiffed by longitudinal and transversal trusses.

The arch steel shell formwork is assembled on provisional supports, made by steel trestles, resting on the concrete deck. The concrete core is a self compacting concrete (SCC) because of the workers’ safety as they don’t have to go inside the arch for concreting.

This construction system allows us to built bridges with spans longer than 250 m. We can take advantage from the concrete low cost and short construction time combined with an architectural shape, the arch, that is agreeable and proper for the environmental impact (Figure 1).
Bi-directional Seismic Response Control for Bridge Structures
Authors: Abdel Raheem Shehata E. , Hayashikawa Toshiro
Published: December 2020

Special bridges are those curved, skew and long-span bridges; require special considerations in their analysis; design and construction. Typically, these bridges exhibit complex behaviour in which the vertical, lateral, and torsional motions are often strongly coupled that raises many concerns about their behaviour under dynamic loads. Application of passive control devices has been shown to be effective to protect bridges under seismic excitation. The effect of bi-directional seismic excitation is essential for analysis and design of seismically isolated bridges, since the bi-directional motion is coupled and two independent unidirectional models could not accurately describe the bi-directional behaviour. The seismic response of lumped-mass bridge model to bi-directional harmonic and real earthquake ground motions is investigated; the biaxial interaction Bouc-Wen model is used to account for the direction and magnitude of the bearing resultant hysteretic forces, the system response with biaxial interaction is compared with those without interaction. Numerical results show that the isolated bridge is significantly influenced by the interaction of bearing forces.
Development strategies for a web-based bridge maintenance management system
Authors: Akgül Ferhat
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a project undertaken in Turkey to develop a web-based, country-wide bridge management system by gathering the scientific research and technical knowledge in this field, and by enhancing it with additional research considering the criteria and practices that are specific to the country. It is intended to develop a Bridge Management System that will be continually used by the General Directorate of Highways to manage 5486 bridges it owns as of 2006. The project aims to build a planning and maintenance reporting system that will be used by both the General Directorate and by its seventeen districts. The developed system will enable the General Directorate to monitor the safety and the maintenance costs of the bridges it owns and to be able to provide justifications, supported by administrative reports based on scientific and technical data, to higher authorities at the time when the maintenance budget for the upcoming year is being prepared.
Strucural Performance of Easy Slab Bridge as New Structural Type
Authors: Honda Hideyuki , Tokuno Mitsuhiro , Komatsu Hironari
Published: December 2020

The easy slab bridge (RC slab bridge with H steel girder) has been developed in 4 years ago as a composite slab bridge for short span length bridges of 20 m under in Japan. Tarouda Bridge objected in this study is easy slab highway bridge reconstructed in 2004 due to degradation and damage of PC slab bridge constructed in 1978. To investigate static and dynamic performance on structure of easy slab bridge, the static and dynamic tests of the bridge with one dump truck were done in July 2005. The structural characteristics and performances on static and dynamic behaviors were investigated in the terms such as deflection, response vibration, vibration characteristics, dynamic increment factor, and vibration serviceability. Furthermore, three-dimensional static and eigenvalue analyses of the bridge were also done by FEM, and the structural characteristics and performances based on results of the field tests and the analyses were investigated.
Fatigue Damage Study of Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Authors: Parkash Suraj , Kumar Ram
Published: December 2020

Fatigue problem may arise in concrete structures which are subjected to repetitive cycling loading. Fatigue may also endanger the durability of prestressed concrete (PSC) bridges due to fatigue in rebars and prestressing strands. Very little research has been done on experimental work of PSC structures under fatigue loading. The present research work deals with the PSC beams subjected to cyclic loading which is simulated by repetitive traffic load. The beams have been tested for ultimate collapse load also. The deflection pattern for the bonded and unbonded prestressed beams proves the validity of theoretical result. The experimental results of fatigue tests on bonded and unbonded beams show the development of flexural cracks along the depth and near the mid span portion of the beam under designed live load which provides information about the service span of a bridge under extreme loading case.
Design and Construction of Shinminato Bridge
Authors: Yoshinaga Hiroshi , Yamanouchi Tetsuya , Goto Yoshio , Nagai Masatsugu
Published: December 2020

This paper describes design and construction of Shinminato Bridge, a continuous steel-concrete
hybrid bridge having a center span length of 360 meters. An outline of the bridge project,
earthquake-resistant system against Level-2 earthquake with vertical shock having 7-grade
magnitude, durability improvement design for attaining 100-year life span, and construction process
are explained.
Effect of Cracking on the Torsional Stiffness of the Taiwan High Speed train Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Hegger Josef , Kerkeni Naceur , Sherif Alaa , Doser H.
Published: December 2020

The effect of cracking on the torsional stiffness of box girder bridges is investigated using a typical 30 m long girder of the Taiwan High Speed Rail project. Linear elastic as well as nonlinear analyses considering cracking are performed. For the linear elastic analysis, the effects of the modelling, the method used for applying the rotation and the diaphragm walls on the torsional stiffness are investigated. The effect of cracking is considered in the non-linear analysis. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of the material parameters and the modelling of the bearings on the torsional stiffness. The results are compared with the torsional rigidity according to the classical Saint Venant's Theory. It is shown that the way the rotation is applied to the system has a considerable effect on the torsional rigidity. In addition, cracking reduces the torsional rigidity by up to 70% depending on the level of loading. are preparing your contribution.
Flexural Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Near Surface Mounted Prestressed FRP
Authors: Hong Sung-Nam , Park Jae-Hyun , Park Jong-Sup , Park Jun-Myung , Yang Dong-Suk , Park Sun-Kyu
Published: December 2020

Strengthening concrete structures with FRP(fiber reinforced polymer) have grown to be a widely used method over most parts of the world today, which FRP was developed in 1960's. A method to apply prestressing force to FRP is developed newly in these days, which can use the maximum performance of FRP materials. This study investigated the flexural behavior of simply supported Reinforced Concrete(R/C) beams strengthened with Prestressed Near Surface Mounted (NSM) CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced polymer) . CFRP plate and rod were used for flexural strengthening. Prestressing level changed from 0 % of CFRP tensile strength to 50 %. Any mechanical device has not been used to maintain the prestress during testing. Static four point loading tests are conducted for eleven R/C beams strengthened with Prestressed Near Surface Mounted (NSM) CFRP and Non-prestressed Near Surface Mounted (NSM) CFRP. The test shows that the beams with prestressed NSM CFRP exhibited a higher yielding load and a higher ultimate load, compared to the beams with non-prestressed NSM CFRP and the control beams. Beams strengthened by CFRP rod failed due to fiber rupture of the FRP in the groove, but beams strengthened by CFRP plate failed due to concrete cover separation.
Cost-benefit criteria in optimizing maintenance strategies
Authors: Higuchi Shoko , Macke Michael
Published: December 2020

The life extension of existing deteriorating structures requires maintenance interventions which allow partial or complete rehabilitation. However, such maintenance interventions have to be economically reasonable, that is, maintenance expenditures have to be outweighed by expected future benefits. For this purpose, cost-benefit criteria are developed herein, which not only allow to specify optimal sequences of maintenance times and rehabilitation efforts, but which also allow to determine optimal lifetimes and acceptable failure rates. Numerical examples show, that deferring decisions with respect to maintenance not only results, in general, in higher losses, but also in no longer acceptable, that is, potentially hazardous structures.
Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Two Long Span Arch Bridges
Authors: Ruan Xin , Shi Xue-fei , Tian Zhousong , Wang Jun
Published: December 2020

Ultimate load carrying capacity is one of important factors for long span arch bridges. In this paper, ultimate load carrying capacity analysis of two long span arch bridges in China is introduced. The first bridge is Taiping Lake Bridge, which is a concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with main span of 336m in Anhui Province. The second bridge is Chaotianmen Bridge, which is a truss bridge with main span of 552m in Chongqing City, and Chaotianmen Bridge will break the world record of arch bridge, which is holding by Lupu Bridge now. The analysis is based on nonlinear finite element method (FEM), and the whole collapse process which passed through several plastic hinges is introduced in detail. Different characteristics of ultimate load carrying capacity about those two types of arch bridges are also compared, which will give some helpful experiences for similar bridges.
The importance of the four-eye principle and site supervision
Authors: Gerold Matthias
Published: December 2020

The issue of site monitoring of infrastructures come forward on the agenda of owners, planning
engineers and users as a result of several unfortunate events - also in Germany.

Case studies are presented related to the hurricanes Lothar and Wiebke, damage events from the
harsh winter of 2001/2002 with lots of snow, and caused by the buildup of ice and the formation of
water pockets. The examples of rising structures show, why the causes of damage were the
combination of a partially inexistent "Four-Eye Principle“, lacking site supervision, and poor
execution of the works. The examples also illustrate that not only steel and timber roof structures,
but reinforced-concrete and prestressed concrete structures, too, are not preserved from damage.

Finally, the potential danger existing in our buildings and the need for building checks throughout
the entire life time of a building will be treated.
Movable Bridges in the Infrastructure
Authors: Birnstiel Charles
Published: December 2020

Movable bridges are important parts of the infrastructure of countries having harbors and inland waterways. Forms and features of major types of movable bridges are described including the operating machinery. Problems of inspection and rehabilitation are discussed as are new trends in design brought about by a greater emphasis on aesthestics.
Remote monitoring: A new cost-effective, self-sufficient and versatile system will change the way bridges are monitored
Authors: Spuler Thomas , Moor Gianni , O'Suilleabhain Colm
Published: December 2020

Remote monitoring of bridges and other structures can serve a wide range of purposes, providing continuous records of almost any variable in a bridge’s condition. In particular it has a large part to play in the maintenance of older structures, and in many cases could potentially be used to allow costly and disruptive bridge renewal works to be postponed or even deemed unnecessary. Modern automated monitoring systems can be configured to analyse the data gathered, present it in graphic or tabular format, and make it available to an authorised user anywhere in the world via the internet. Automatic notification by e-mail or SMS of the reaching of predefined alarm values of any measured variable can also be provided. Further potential uses, such as provision of engineering and bridge usage data, also contribute to ensure that automated remote monitoring of structures will continue to become more widely used in the development and maintenance of structures around the world.
Design and Durability of Highway Overpasses
Authors: Sesar Peter , Banic Zana , Pastorcic Stefica
Published: December 2020

The scope of this paper is to compare durability of different types of concrete overpasses constructed on Croatian highways in past forty years. Bridge condition assessment was conducted due to new categorization of the roads in Republic of Croatia and in accordance with State Bridge Management System. During examinations, some characteristic damages on prefabricated overpasses were noticed: rapid construction degradation around the expansion joints and damages on drainage system. In order to minimise maintenance expenses, it is necessary to optimize construction in the course of design phase by choosing more adequate types of construction and details. Considering overpasses are one of the major bridge group, viewed in elevation by those traveling on a road bellow, the structure type, span lengths, and proportions as viewed in elevation should be carefully considered.

The purpose of this paper is to describe and to compare most frequent structural solutions implemented in design of concrete overpasses on Croatian highways in last thirty years. Emphasis is placed on durability of each type of structure, construction time and costs and maintenance costs. Great part of all overpasses in Croatia is constructed with prefabricated concrete elements, as a result of fast construction requirement. Fewer overpasses were constructed with continuous solid slab. Recently, on new highways, construction of integral bridges is planned. The pros and cons of different structures considered are discussed. Improvements applied in design, based on rebound information of structural behaviour and durability will be presented.
MOBILE – Moveable Bearings Innovation Launch in Enlarged Europe
Authors: Wenzel Helmut , Forstner E.
Published: December 2020

Bridge weight and traffic loads as well as braking and wind forces generate a number of different forces that must be transmitted to the ground through bridge piers and abutments. This is the task of bridge bearings, designed, manufactured and installed to permit movements and torsional effects caused by traffic, temperature variations, pre-stress, shrinkage and creep. Bridge bearings are therefore critical components of a bridge structure and demand high quality standards.

An ongoing increase of traffic volume, higher cruising speeds and more flexible structures result in a redefinition of requirements for bearing systems. Furthermore the ambitions and challenges of bridge engineers to exceed not even finalised constructions in their dimensions and technical performances are also transferred to bridge bearing manufacturers.

The lack in reasonable technologies to meet these extreme product specifications mainly results in expensive custom-made products with reduced lifetime performance. To encounter the current situation with sustainable life-cycle costs (LCC) for structures, the bridge bearing manufacturers agree on the potential of reconsidered sliding bearings.

Therefore a consortium initiated the EU-funded project MOBILE to develop a new generation of sliding bearings with higher performance, advanced materials, better constructability and maintainability as well as significantly extended lifetime.
Re-centring Capability Evaluation of Seismic Isolation Systems
Authors: Medeot Renzo
Published: December 2020

It was not until the most recent years that re-centring capability was identified as a fundamental function of an isolation system. The purpose of the re-centring capability requirement is not so much that of limiting residual displacement at the end of a seismic attack, as instead that of preventing cumulative displacements during the seismic event. During the last quarter of the past century energy dissipation has increasingly gained the favour of the design engineers to mitigate the disastrous effects of a seismic attack. However, energy dissipation and re-centring capability are two antithetic functions. Present Norms do not furnish an acceptable approach of general validity to evaluate the re-centring capability of seismic isolation systems. This author developed a theoretical approach to this problem, suggesting an energy-based criterion for its quantification.

The scope of the presentation is precisely that of introducing the newly proposed criterion.
Integração funcional e o “contrabando de alimentos” na fronteira Brasil-Paraguai
Authors: Cardin Eric Gustavo , Fiorotti Cíntia
Published: December 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a aplicabilidade do uso de tipologias de interação e de fronteira para o entendimento da circulação de alimentos na fronteira Brasil-Paraguai. Para o desenvolvimento da investigação, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e em diferentes suportes documentais, como entrevista, auto criminal e matérias jornalísticas. As informações obtidas foram sistematizadas e analisadas com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados obtidos permitem pensar a região estudada como uma fronteira vibrante, sustentada por alta integração forma e funcional.
Aqui, lá e em todo lugar: a ressignificação de fronteiras através da institucionalização de políticas sociais de saúde no MERCOSUL
Authors: Becker Pinto Gabriela
Published: December 2020

Tendo em vista a globalização das crises sanitárias contemporâneas durante o evento pandêmico da Covid-19, muito tem se debatido sobre o papel da integrac?a?o regional para a consecuc?a?o de ac?o?es coordenadas entre nac?o?es em zonas de fronteira. A investigac?a?o acerca de como o Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), em tempos de pandemia, poderia contribuir nesse ínterim e?, portanto, o objetivo que fomenta esta pesquisa. A justificativa para este estudo encontra seus principais anseios na natureza inter-governamental do Bloco, a qual não sustenta organizações supranacionais na busca de uma instrumentalização metodológica comum. No entanto, ainda que o crescimento dos Estados-membros no MERCOSUL e a criac?a?o de novos o?rga?os na organizac?a?o representem uma resposta ao processo de integrac?a?o dos u?ltimos anos, os resultados deste estudo apontam que os caminhos mais promissores para uma interação eficiente são a aplicac?a?o uniforme de um direito regional e o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania mercosulista. Dessa forma, conclui-se que ainda há uma institucionalização teórica desfavorável dentro do MERCOSUL, e que essa consideração segue por uma constante histórica desde o nascimento da organização, mas que a interdependência emergencial vivenciada atualmente representa uma grande oportunidade para ressignificar as políticas sociais de saúde em regiões mercosulistas daqui para frente.
Facial Fat Grafting in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery
Authors:   1Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, 20122 Milano, Italy. 2Dermatological Clinic, Scrovegni Med.Srl, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Published: December 2020

Aim: Facial Fat Grafting(FFG) was first described in the early 20th century but for many years remained a relatively underused technique due to the unreliability of long-term volume expansion and retention. FG was initially used as a technique to improve facial aesthetics. Over the years the technique has evolved into more complex reconstructive and regenerative procedures and new clinical applications. Methods: In the last two decades the indications of FG have been extended into cranio-maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. This includes post-traumatic soft tissue defects, aesthetics,congenital and other postsurgical volume deficits. Results: While several approaches were suggested for fat harvesting and grafting, the results were rather unsatisfactory due to the degeneration of many adipocytes that occurred during these manipulations. The technique of autologous fat transfer has then been perfectioned becoming an augmentation-regenerative process that can be used to treat a wide range of difficult and challenging reconstructive problems. The procedure described herein has been performed in different patients with various pathology sequelae with sactisfactory morpho-aesthetic results and a low complication rate. Conclusion: FG can be used in any facial area where is lack,of soft tissue or where there is scarring,producing natural and long-lasting results. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. However more definitive studies are still needed in order to answer specific questions regarding the best technique to be used and the role of ADSC’s.Clinical cases with volume paucity or deficiencies are presented with a long-term outcome in augmentation and regeneration.
Phased optimization of the calendar schedule for the construction of a complex of buildings and structures in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov region
Authors: Shutova Marina , Sokolova Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of optimization of the calendar schedule for the construction of a complex of buildings and structures, which is mandatory in the development of a construction organization project. A particular difficulty in developing a comprehensive schedule is that it is necessary to take into account the work on the removal and reconstruction of a significant amount of engineering communications, as well as work on the dismantling of an emergency building to clear the building spot. A comparison is made of several options for organizing work, taking into account the sequential and flow organization of construction, as well as dividing the general front of work into captures, due to the technological features of dismantling and construction work.
Use of nanoparticles to improve thermochemical resistance of synthetic polymer to enhanced oil recovery applications: a review
Authors: Quintero Perez Henderson Ivan , Ruiz Cañas Maria Carolina , Castro Garcia Ruben Hernan , Romero Bohorquez Arnold Rafael
Published: December 2020

Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the polymer most used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes and it has been implemented in several field projects worldwide. Polymer injection has shown to be an effective EOR process. However, it has not been implemented massively due to HPAM polymer's limitations, mostly related to thermal and chemical degradation caused by exposure at high temperatures and salinities (HTHS). As an alternative, a new generation of chemically stable monomers to improve the properties of HPAM has been assessed at laboratory and field conditions. However, the use of enhanced polymers is limited due to its larger molecular size, large-scale production, and higher costs.
One of the alternatives proposed in the last decade to improve polymer properties is the use of nanoparticles, which due to their ultra-small size, large surface area, and highly reactive capacity, can contribute to reduce or avoid the degrading processes of HPAM polymers. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be integrated with the polymer in several ways, it being worth to highlight mixing with the polymer in aqueous solution or inclusion by grafting or chemical functionalization on the nanoparticle surface. This review focuses on hybrid nanomaterials based on SiO2 NPs and synthetic polymers with great EOR potential. The synthesis process, characterization, and the main properties for application in EOR processes, were reviewed and analyzed.
Nanohybrids based on polymers and silica nanoparticles show promising results in improving viscosity and thermal stability compared to the HPAM polymer precursor. Furthermore, based on recent findings, there are great opportunities to implement polymer nanofluids in cEOR projects. This approach could be of value to optimize the technical-economic feasibility of projects by reducing the polymer concentration of using reasonable amounts of nanoparticles. However, more significant efforts are required to understand the impact of nanoparticle concentrations and injection rates to support the upscaling of this cEOR technology.
Effect of ionic strength in low salinity water injection processes
Authors: Maya Toro Gustavo , Cardona Rojas Luisana , Rueda Pelayo Mayra Fernanda , Cortes Correa Farid B.
Published: December 2020

Low salinity water injection has been frequently studied as an enhanced oil recovery process (EOR), mainly due to promising experimental results and because operational needs are not very different from those of the conventional water injection. However, there is no agreement on the mechanisms involved in increasing the displacement of crude oil, except for the effects of wettability changes. Water injection is the oil recovery method mostly used, and considering the characteristics of Colombian oil fields, this study analyses the effect of modifying the ionic composition of the waters involved in the process, starting from the concept of ionic strength (IS) in sandstone type rocks.
The experimental plan for this research includes the evaluation of spontaneous imbibition (SI), contact angles, and displacement efficiencies in Berea core plugs. Interfacial tension and pH measurements were also carried out. The initial scenario consists in formation water (FW), with a total concentration of 9,800 ppm (TDS) (IS ~ 0.17) and a 27 °API crude oil. Magnesium and Calcium brine were also used in a first approach to assess the effect of the divalent ions.
Displacement efficiency tests are performed using IS of 0.17, 0.08, and 0.05, as secondary and tertiary oil recovery and the recovery of oil increases in both scenarios. Spontaneous imbibition curves and contact angle measurements show variations as a function of the ionic strength, validating the displacement efficiencies.
Interfacial tension and pH collected data evidence that fluid/fluid interactions occur due to ionic strength modifications. However, as per the conditions of this research, fluid/fluid mechanisms are not as determining as fluid/rock.
AN EXTRAPOLATORY QUADRATURE RULEFOR ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Mohanty P.M. , Acharya M.
Published: December 2020

A quadrature rule for the numerical evaluation of integrals of analytic functions along directed line segments in the complex plane has been formulated using the transformed rule based on Gauss Legendre two point quadrature formulas and an interpolatory three point rule. The degree of precision has been increased from five to seven
BIRD DIVERSITY IN SHENDI AREA, SUDAN
Authors: Sulieman Yassir , Pengsakul Theerakamol , Afifi Azzam , Mohamed A. Zakaria
Published: December 2020

The present study was conducted from July to December 2015 and found that the Shendi area, River Nile State, Sudan, Africa, hosts considerable bird diversity with 35 species being observed belonging to 22 families; of which Columbidae, Meropidae and Nectariniidae were the most frequently observed species.
Avaliação do algoritmo Pencil Beam e das incertezas de Monte Carlo para o controle de qualidade em VMAT
Authors: Dos Santos Guilherme Bulgraen , Rodrigues Laura Natal , Chiara Ana Claudia Magni De , Dos Santos Gabriela Reis
Published: December 2020

A técnica de tratamento de arcoterapia volumétrica modulada (VMAT) possui a vantagem dosimétrica de melhorar consideravelmente a conformação da distribuição de dose. Contudo, como tal técnica utiliza fluências não uniformes, exigem um controle de qualidade (CQ) rigoroso e específico por paciente. Quando são utilizados algoritmos de cálculo baseados em Monte Carlo (MC) neste CQ, o tempo de cálculo se torna muito longo. Desta forma, este trabalho visa diminuir este tempo, variando os algoritmos de cálculo e a incerteza estatística no algoritmo baseado em MC no CQ por paciente na técnica VMAT. Para verificar a aplicabilidade destes novos cálculos na rotina, foi calculada a média e o desvio padrão da análise gamma bem como a diferença da dose absoluta para 14 casos planejados com 4 diferentes condições: algoritmo MC com incerteza estatística de 2, 3 e 5%  ; e algoritmo Pencil Beam (PB). Considera-se a primeira condição como padrão de referência. Também foi registrado o tempo de cálculo e os testes de sensibilidade e especificidade. A análise dos resultados para o algoritmo PB, tanto o desvio padrão da análise gamma como da diferença de dose absoluta se apresentou alto, chegando a ter um desvio padrão de 3,5, enquanto que os outros testes tiveram um desvio de no máximo 2,1. Em todas as condições com MC, os resultados obtidos, tanto para análise gamma como para a dose absoluta, ficaram semelhantes. No teste de sensibilidade, o PB  não apresentou um resultado satisfatório. O cálculo com MC e 3% de incerteza apresentou o melhor resultado de especificidade, enquanto com 5%, o melhor resultado foi de sensibilidade. Caso houvesse uma maior amostragem de dados, a especificidade e sensibilidade para os ambos os casos com MC passariam a ser equivalentes. Logo, o fator determinante é o tempo de cálculo, que foi menor para a incerteza de 5%.
Avaliação de índice volumétrico de dose em tomografia axial de crânio utilizando detectores termoluminescentes
Authors: Yagui Akemi , De Souza Ricardo da Costa , Malthez Anna Luiza , Barbosa Carlos Almeida , Schelin Hugo Reuters , Ferreira Ricardo Rabello
Published: December 2020

Os exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio são amplamente realizados por fornecerem imagens com alta qualidade diagnóstica. No entanto, estes têm contribuído com uma grande parcela da dose devido às exposições médicas, chegando até dois terços das doses relativas na população. Deste modo, procedimentos de qualidade e otimização das doses se tornam fundamental em TC. A avaliação da dose fornecida nesta modalidade diagnóstica é realizada por meio do índice volumétrico de dose (CTDIvol). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o CTDIvol, em exames de TC de crânio, no modo axial, utilizando detectores termoluminescentes (TL) e comparar com o valor fornecido pelo equipamento. A aquisição dos dados foi realizada em um tomógrafo de 128 canais, utilizando um simulador cilíndrico de polimetilmetacrilato para obter as imagens. O CTDIvol,avaliado por meio de detectores TL, teve um valor de (74±15) mGy e o equipamento forneceu, no relatório de dose ao final do exame, um CTDIvol de 73,4 mGy. O valor calculado a partir da estimativa de dose nos detectores TL é compatível com o valor fornecido pelo equipamento. Este resultado demonstra a aplicabilidade de TLD100 para avaliações postais de TC e levantamento de níveis de referência locais e regionais em radiodiagnóstico.