bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Versatile Chemistry of Disilenides: Disila Analogues of Vinyl Anions as Synthons in Low-valent Silicon Chemistry
Authors: Scheschkewitz David
Published: November 2010

Since the first isolation of a disila analog to vinyl anion synthons, namely lithium disilenide Tip2Si=Si(Tip)Li (Tip: 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl), the number of available disilenides and their synthetic applications have rapidly expanded. Derivatives with aryl, silyl, alkyl, and hydrogen substituents have been reported and even one cyclic derivative is available. Disilenides can be used to introduce the Si=Si unit to a variety of organic and inorganic substrates. Depending on whether products feature sufficiently reactive residual functionality, the Si=Si bond is either retained or undergoes further (so far intramolecular) transformations. Heteroatom-substituted disilenes are easily accessible via disilenides. Using Tip2Si=Si(Tip)Li as a starting material, for instance, a variety of otherwise inaccessible compounds can be prepared: conjugated systems with more than one Si=Si unit, η1-transition-metal complexes, functional homo- and heteronuclear silacycles, and molecular silicon clusters with substituent-free vertices. In this review article, an account on the chemistry of disilenides is given.
Helicity Induction and Memory of Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate) Assisted by Optically Active Additives and Solvents and Chiral Amplification of Helicity
Authors: Kitaura Atsushi , Iida Hiroki , Kawauchi Takehiro , Yashima Eiji
Published: November 2010

Syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (st-PMMA) was found to fold into a preferred-handed helix with amplification of helicity assisted by chiral additives and solvents and further encapsulated fullerenes within its helical cavity whose helicity was memorized after removal of the chiral molecules.
Serum Soluble CD163 Predicts Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the General Population
Authors: Møller Holger J , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Moestrup Søren K , Nordestgaard Børge G , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND

Activation of adipose tissue macrophages with concomitant low-grade inflammation is believed to play a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. We tested whether a new macrophage-derived biomarker, soluble CD163 (sCD163), identifies at-risk individuals before overt disease has developed.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study of 8849 study participants from the general population, the Copenhagen City Heart Study, was followed for 18 years for incidence of type 2 diabetes. Risk of disease was calculated according to age- and sex-adjusted percentile categories of serum sCD163 concentrations: 0%–33%, 34%–66%, 67%–90%, 91%–95%, and 96%–100%.

RESULTS

A total of 568 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The cumulative incidence increased with increasing baseline sCD163 (trend P < 0.001), and sCD163 was strongly associated with known risk factors such as physical inactivity, body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides (all P < 0.001). Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0–1.9), 2.4 (1.8–3.2), 3.8 (2.6–5.5), and 5.2 (3.6–7.6) for categories 34%–66%, 67%–90%, 91%–95%, and 96%–100%, respectively, vs the 0%–33% category. In overweight men 50–70 and >70 years of age, serum sCD163 concentrations in the top 5% group predicted an absolute 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes of 29% and 36% vs 7% and 8% in the lowest percentile group. Equivalent values in women were 19% and 24% vs 4% and 5%.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased concentrations of sCD163 predict increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population and may be useful for identification of high-risk overweight individuals.
Dynamics of Network Formers and Modifiers in Mixed Cation Silicate Glasses
Authors: Sunder Kirsten , Grofmeier Michael , Staskunaite Rasa , Bracht Hartmut
Published: November 2010

Conductivity measurements and diffusion studies with radioactive and stable isotopes were performed to investigate the diffusion of both network modifiers (alkali (A) and alkaline-earth (M) ions) and network formers (oxygen (O) and silicon (Si)) in various mixed-cation silicate glasses below the respective glass transition temperatures. The dynamics of the network modifiers A and M were studied in bulk glasses prepared from the melt and in sol–gel derived glass films. The diffusion anneals were performed under air and under reducing conditions in forming gas. No impact of the glass preparation on the diffusion of the network modifiers was found. However, the diffusion of the alkaline-earth ions is affected by additional defects formed under reducing conditions. The dynamics of the network formers O and Si was investigated against the type of alkali and alkaline-earth ions, their composition ratio, and the number of non-bridging oxygens. We found that Si diffusion is directly related to the rigidity of the glass. Combining the data on O diffusion with previous results on the diffusion of alkaline-earth ions M in glasses of the same composition, we conclude that the diffusion of O is likely assisted by M via the formation of O–M pairs.
The use of a ‘first-wave’ model to study the effect of nutrition on ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation rate in the sheep
Authors: Viñoles C , Paganoni B , Glover K M M , Milton J T B , Blache D , Blackberry M A , Martin G B
Published: November 2010

We have developed an experimental model in which groups of ewes are simultaneously experiencing the first ovarian follicular wave of their oestrous cycle. We used this ‘first-wave model’ in a 2×2 factorial experiment (ten ewes per group) to study the effect of body condition (BC) and a short-term supplement on follicular dynamics and ovulation rate. The ‘first-wave’ was established by giving ewes three injections of prostaglandin (PG), 7 days apart. The 6-day supplement (lupin grain) began 2 days after the second PG injection and continued until the third. Follicles were studied by ultrasound, and blood was sampled to measure glucose and hormones. The supplement increased (P<0.01) the concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin, decreased FSH concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase oestradiol concentrations (P=0.06). The supplement tended to increase the number of 3 mm follicles (P=0.06). Compared with low-BC ewes, high-BC ewes had more follicular waves (P<0.05), higher concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF1 (P<0.05) and tended to have higher FSH concentrations (P=0.09). Leptin and insulin concentrations remained high until the end of supplementation in high-BC ewes, whereas they decreased after the third day of supplementation in low-BC ewes. In conclusion, high concentrations of metabolic hormones in fat ewes are associated with the development of more follicular waves. When a supplement is superimposed on this situation, changes in glucose and metabolic hormones allow more follicles to be selected to ovulate.
Microchimerism, as an inheritance from pregnancy
Authors: Nagy Gyula Richárd , Neducsin Bence Péter , Rigó Jr. János
Published: November 2010

Terhesség során, a méhlepényen keresztüli kétirányú sejtforgalom következtében idegen sejtek vagy DNS kerülnek mind az anya, mind a magzat szervezetébe. Ez a jelenség a magzati, illetve anyai microchimaerismus. Ezen sejtek akár évtizedekkel a szülés után is kimutathatók a gazdaszervezetből. Annak ellenére, hogy számos kutatás foglalkozik e jelenséggel, a microchimaerismus egészségben és betegségekben betöltött jelentősége továbbra is csak kevéssé ismert. Cikkünkben áttekintést szeretnénk nyújtani a tudomány jelenlegi állásáról. A microchimaerismus lehetséges szerepét leginkább autoimmun folyamatok patogenezisében, nem autoimmun betegségek és tumorok kialakulásának vagy éppen regressziójának magyarázatában, továbbá a transzplantációs immunológia lehetséges komponenseként vizsgálták. A microchimaerismus jelensége fontos praenatalis noninvazív diagnosztikai lehetőségeket rejthet magában, megszüntetve a jelenleg alkalmazott vizsgálóeljárásokkal együtt járó vetéléskockázatot. A folyamatosan fejlődő sejtidentifikációs és -dúsító eljárásoknak köszönhetően várhatóan egyre több, a szervezetben lezajló folyamatról derül majd ki, hogy a terhességi örökségként az anyai és magzati szervezetbe került microchimaerasejtek és DNS szerepet játszanak bennük. Orv. Hetil., 2010,49,2019–2024.
Computer simuations for the nano-scale
Authors: Štich I.
Published: November 2010

Computer simuations for the nano-scale

A review of methods for computations for the nano-scale is presented. The paper should provide a convenient starting point into computations for the nano-scale as well as a more in depth presentation for those already working in the field of atomic/molecular-scale modeling. The argument is divided in chapters covering the methods for description of the (i) electrons, (ii) ions, and (iii) techniques for efficient solving of the underlying equations. A fairly broad view is taken covering the Hartree-Fock approximation, density functional techniques and quantum Monte-Carlo techniques for electrons. The customary quantum chemistry methods, such as post Hartree-Fock techniques, are only briefly mentioned. Description of both classical and quantum ions is presented. The techniques cover Ehrenfest, Born-Oppenheimer, and Car-Parrinello dynamics. The strong and weak points of both principal and technical nature are analyzed. In the second part we introduce a number of applications to demonstrate the different approximations and techniques introduced in the first part. They cover a wide range of applications such as non-simple liquids, surfaces, molecule-surface interactions, applications in nanotechnology, etc. These more in depth presentations, while certainly not exhaustive, should provide information on technical aspects of the simulations, typical parameters used, and ways of analysis of the huge amounts of data generated in these large-scale supercomputer simulations.
Introduction to integrable many-body systems I
Authors: Šamaj Ladislav
Published: November 2010

Introduction to integrable many-body systems I

This is the first volume of a three-volume introductory course about integrable (exactly solvable) systems of interacting bodies. The aim of the course is to derive and analyze, on an elementary mathematical and physical level, the Bethe ansatz solutions, ground-state properties and the thermodynamics of integrable many-body systems in many domains of physics: Nonrelativistic one-dimensional continuum Fermi and Bose gases; One-dimensional quantum models of condensed matter physics like the Heisenberg, Hubbard and Kondo models; Relativistic models of the (1+1)-dimensional Quantum Field Theory like the Luttinger model, the sine-Gordon model and its fermionic analog the Thirring model; Two-dimensional classical models, especially the symmetric Coulomb gas. In the first part of this volume, we deal with nonrelativistic one-dimensional continuum Fermi and Bose quantum gases of spinless (identical) particles with specific types of pairwise interactions like the short-range δ-function and hard-core interactions, and the long-range 1/
Effect of Organic Manure on Nutrient Contents of Rice Grown in an Arsenic Contaminated Soil
Authors: Ashrafi R , Biswas MHR , Rahman GKM Mustafizur , Khatun R , Islam MR
Published: November 2010

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic manures on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur concentrations in grain, husk, stem and root of rice grown in an arsenic contaminated soil. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was followed where each pot received an equal amount of N, P, K and S to sustain normal plant growth. N, P, K and S concentration in grain, husk, straw and root of rice plant were increased with organic manure application compared to control treatment. This study considered rice husk and root along with grain and straw as they have value to increase soil nutrient by recycling. Arsenic contamination becoming a concerning issue because its contamination in many agricultural soil is increasing following contamination in groundwater. This study concluded that organic manure is effective in arsenic contaminated soil to increase N, P, K and S concentration in rice plant. Key words: Organic manure; Nutrient, Rice plant; Arsenic contaminated soil DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6526Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 183-188, 2010
Effect of Hydrophobic Excipients on the Release Behavior of Dexamethasone and Betamethasone from Biodegradable Poly (DL-lactide) Polymeric Implants
Authors: Khan Fariba , Mahmud Tasnuva , Islam M Saiful , Jalil Reza-ul
Published: November 2010

This study was conducted with the aim of formulating injectable in-situ forming implants of biodegradable poly (D,L-poly lactic acid) (DLPLA) with steroidal drugs. Two steroidal drugs betamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate were selected as model drug. Different hydrophobic excipients such as sorbitan esters of lauric acid (Span 20), sorbitan esters of oleic acid (Span 80), cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl dibehenate (CompritolAT088®), glyceryl palmito-stearic ester (Precirol®) were used. In-vitro dissolution of 7 days was performed to investigate the effect of these excipients on the release of betamethasone and dexamethasone from insitu forming DL-PLA implants. Drug release data were fitted in different models to characterize release mechanism. Both betamethasone and dexamethasone release were found to follow Korsmeyer model. Glyceryl palmitostearate was found to reduce the release of both betamethasone and dexamethasone most. Time for 25% release (t25), 50% release (t50), and 75% release (t75) of the drugs were calculated. Mean dissolution time (MDT) values were also calculated from the dissolution data. MDT (day) was 2.48±0.2 and 2.31±0.3 for betamethasone and dexamethasone respectively for implants containing no excipient. Incorporation of all the excipients (except span 20) increased these MDT values for both of the drugs indicating sustained release nature of the excipients. Key words: In-situ implants; Poly (D,L-lactic acid); Betamethasone; Dexamethasone; Hydrophobic excipients; Sustained release DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6527Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 189-196, 2010
Isolation and Identification of Ten Genera of Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Rahman MM , Mian IH
Published: November 2010

A study was undertaken to isolate and identify different genera of plant parasitic nematodes from soil and plant samples during July to October 2007 in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Altogether 10 (Ten) nematodes belonging to 10 genera were isolated and identified from various soil and plant samples. For identification of plant parasitic nematodes, stylet and other anatomical structures such as Dorsal esophageal Gland Orifice (DGO), Esophageal lumen, Median bulb, Basal bulb, Intestine, Reproductive structures (vagina and its position, specula ) Tail types etc. were used as main criteria. Among 10 (ten) different identified genera of nematodes (Criconemoids sp., Hemicriconemoides sp., Tylenchus sp., Ditylenchus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., Radinaphelenchus sp.) maximum nematodes were under the family of Tylenchidae. The abundance numbers of plant parasitic nematodes were found as the Ditylenchus sp.(Ufra nematode) and Meloidogyne sp.(Root knot nematode) which were the serious plant pathogens causing ufra in rice and root knot in different crops respectively, so far recorded in Bangladesh. Key words: Isolation; Identification; Plant parasitic nematodes. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6536Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 267-270, 2010
Analysis of Metal in Wastewater Collected from Three Pharmaceutical Industries Located in Tongi Area of Gazipur District
Authors: Islam Shakibul , Alam AKM< Rashidul , Islam Shahidul
Published: November 2010

Wastewater qualities of three pharmaceutical industries were determined during July 2005 to January 2006. Alkaline earth metals including calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) of wastewater ranged 41.79-54.5mgL-1 and 10.5996-32.2926 mgL-1, respectively. Alkali metals including potassium (K) and sodium (Na) of wastewater ranged 3.44-18.98 mgL-1 and 67.57- 128.71 mgL-1, respectively. Transition metal iron (Fe) ranged 1.02-2.13 mgL-1. On an average metals including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) were in trace amount i.e. 84.32 μ gL-1, 11.59 μ gL-1, 4.96 μ gL-1 and 0.1047 μ gL-1, respectively in the wastewater. Copper (Cu) was undetected in wastewater. The average amount of iron of site N, magnesium of site S and potassium of site B of wastewater were higher than that of the standard of Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh. Key words: Metals; Pharmaceutical wastewater; DoE standards. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6538Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 277-282, 2010
Dynamics of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Veracruz, México between 2002 and 2008
Authors: Zenteno-Cuevas Roberto , Rubi Alberto , Fuentes-Dominguez Javier , Lara-Gonzalez Jose Luis , Escobar-Mesa Alejandro
Published: November 2010

This item has no abstract. Use the links below to access the full text.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotype among Moroccan women during a local screening program
Authors: Alhamany Zaitouna , El Mzibri Mohammed , Kharbach Aicha , Malihy Abderrahman , Abouqal Redouane , Jaddi Hassan , Benomar Ali , Attaleb Mohammed , Lamalmi Najat , Cherradi Nadia
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Many studies have indicated a causal relationship between genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of six high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses in cervical lesions from Moroccan women with normal and abnormal cytology. Methodology: The study included 938 women from the Children's and Mothers' Pathology Department of Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat. Cytopathology examination was done by routine PAP smear testing. HPV DNA testing was conducted using DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction with subsequent typing by hybridization with specific probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 and 45. Results: Cytopathology testing showed that only 16.3 % had an abnormal cytology, with a predominance of atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cases. The overall HPV prevalence was 15.7%. According to the cytology results, HPV infection was detected in 15.8% of normal and 14.38% of abnormal cases. Specific HPV genotyping showed a predominance of HPV 16 and 18. Double infection (HPV 16 + 18) was found in two cases whereas multiple infections (HPV 16+18+31) were detected in only one case. Evaluation of the relationship between HPV status and some environmental risk factors, including individual, socio-economic, and hygiene status, showed a significant association between HPV infection and oral contraceptive use. Conclusion: Based on these data, a combination of cytology and HPV DNA testing allows for identification of patients with a high risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions and improves cervical cancer prevention.
Dengue infections during pregnancy: case series from a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kariyawasam Sampath , Senanayake Hemantha
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne disease in Sri Lanka, leading to more than 340 deaths during the last outbreak (≈35,000 reported cases) starting in mid April 2009. The predominant dengue virus serotypes during the last few years have been DENV-2 and DENV-3. Dengue infection in pregnancy carries the risk of hemorrhage for both the mother and the newborn. Other risks include premature birth, fetal death, and vertical transmission. We report clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes in pregnant women hospitalized with dengue infection during pregnancy. Methodology: Clinical, laboratory, maternal/fetal outcomes and demographic data were collected from patients with confirmed dengue infections during pregnancy treated at De Soysa Maternity Hospital, Sri Lanka from 1 May 2009 to 31 December 2009. Results:  Fifteen seropositive dengue infected pregnant women were diagnosed in the period. Multiorgan failure leading to intrauterine fetal and maternal death occurred in one case of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) IV. One patient with DHF III had a miscarriage at the 24th week of gestation. Perinatal outcomes of the other cases were satisfactory. One woman developed dengue myocarditis but recovered with supportive treatments. No cases of perinatal transmission to the neonate occurred. Conclusion: Dengue in pregnancy requires early diagnosis and treatment. A high index of clinical suspicion is essential in any pregnant woman with fever during epidemic. Further studies are mandatory as evidence-based data in the management of dengue specific for pregnancy are sparse.
Akt Contributes to Activation of the TRIF-Dependent Signaling Pathways of TLRs by Interacting with TANK-Binding Kinase 1
Authors: Joung Sun Myung , Park Zee-Yong , Rani Shilpa , Takeuchi Osamu , Akira Shizuo , Lee Joo Young
Published: November 2010

Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is an adaptor molecule that is recruited to TLR3 and -4 upon agonist stimulation and triggers activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and expression of type 1 IFNs, which are critical for cellular antiviral responses. We show that Akt is a downstream molecule of TRIF/TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and plays an important role in the activation of IRF3 by TLR3 and -4 agonists. Blockade of Akt by a dominant-negative mutant or by short interfering RNA decreased IRF3 activation and IFN-β expression induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], LPS, TRIF, and TBK1. Association of endogenous TBK1 and Akt was observed in macrophages when stimulated with poly(I:C) and LPS. In vitro kinase assays combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that TBK1 enhanced phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473, whereas knockdown of TBK1 expression by short interfering RNA in macrophages decreased poly(I:C)- and LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation. Embryonic fibroblasts derived from TBK1 knockout mice also showed impaired Akt phosphorylation in response to poly(I:C) and LPS. To our knowledge, our results demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism for Akt activation mediated by TBK1 and a novel role of Akt in TLR-mediated immune responses.
Exosomes Containing Glycoprotein 350 Released by EBV-Transformed B Cells Selectively Target B Cells through CD21 and Block EBV Infection In Vitro
Authors: Vallhov Helen , Gutzeit Cindy , Johansson Sara M. , Nagy Noémi , Paul Mandira , Li Qin , Friend Sherree , George Thaddeus C. , Klein Eva , Scheynius Annika , Gabrielsson Susanne
Published: November 2010

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles released from a wide variety of cells, formed in endosomes by inward budding of the endosomal limiting membrane. They have immune stimulatory-, inhibitory-, or tolerance-inducing effects, depending on their cellular origin, which is why they are investigated for use in vaccine and immune therapeutic strategies. In this study, we explored whether exosomes of different origins and functions can selectively target different immune cells in human peripheral blood. Flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and multispectral imaging flow cytometry (ImageStream) revealed that exosomes derived from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and breast milk preferably associated with monocytes. In contrast, exosomes from an EBV-transformed B cell line (LCL1) preferentially targeted B cells. This was not observed for an EBV− B cell line (BJAB). Electron microscopy, size-distribution analysis (NanoSight), and a cord blood transformation assay excluded the presence of virions in our LCL1 exosome preparations. The interaction between LCL1-derived exosomes and peripheral blood B cells could be blocked efficiently by anti-CD21 or anti-gp350, indicating an interaction between CD21 on B cells and the EBV glycoprotein gp350 on exosomes. The targeting of LCL1-derived exosomes through gp350–CD21 interaction strongly inhibited EBV infection in B cells isolated from umbilical cord blood, suggesting a protective role for exosomes in regulating EBV infection. Our finding also suggests that exosome-based vaccines can be engineered for specific B cell targeting by inducing gp350 expression.
Stimulation of the Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Family-Related Receptor on CD8 T Cells Induces Protective and High-Avidity T Cell Responses to Tumor-Specific Antigens
Authors: Côté Anik L. , Zhang Peisheng , O'Sullivan Jeremy A. , Jacobs Valerie L. , Clemis Carli R. , Sakaguchi Shimon , Guevara-Patiño José A. , Turk Mary Jo
Published: November 2010

Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a stimulatory Ab to glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related receptor (GITR) has previously been shown to elicit protective T cell responses against poorly immunogenic tumors. However, the role of GITR stimulation on CD8 T cells and the nature of tumor rejection Ags have yet to be determined. In this study, we show that a stimulatory mAb to GITR (clone DTA-1) acts directly on CD8 T cells, but not on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, in B16 tumor-bearing mice to induce concomitant immunity against secondary B16 tumors, as well as protective memory following surgical excision of the primary tumor. Melanoma growth itself induced GITR expression on tumor-specific CD8 T cells, providing a mechanism whereby these cells may respond to stimulatory anti-GITR. Unexpectedly, in contrast to Treg cell depletion therapy with anti-CD4, GITR stimulation induced very weak CD8 T cell responses to melanocyte differentiation Ags expressed by the tumor, and did not induce autoimmune vitiligo. Accordingly, GITR-stimulated hosts that were primed with B16 melanoma rejected B16, but not the unrelated JBRH melanoma, indicating that tumor rejection Ags are tumor-specific rather than shared. In support of this, we show that GITR stimulation induces CD8 T cell responses to a tumor-specific Ag, and that these responses are of higher functional avidity compared with those induced by Treg cell depletion. We conclude that stimulation of GITR on effector CD8 T cells results in high-avidity T cell responses to tumor-specific Ags, thereby inducing potent antitumor immunity in the absence of autoimmunity.
Endogenous Cortisol and TGF-β in Human Aqueous Humor Contribute to Ocular Immune Privilege by Regulating Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: Denniston Alastair K. , Kottoor Sherine H. , Khan Imran , Oswal Kadambari , Williams Geraint P. , Abbott Joseph , Wallace Graham R. , Salmon Mike , Rauz Saaeha , Murray Philip I. , Curnow S. John
Published: November 2010

Aqueous humor (AqH) has been shown to have significant immunosuppressive effects on APCs in animal models. We wanted to establish whether, in humans, AqH can regulate dendritic cell (DC) function and to identify the dominant mechanism involved. Human AqH inhibited the capacity of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived DC to induce naive CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro, associated with a reduction in DC expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. This was seen both for DC cultured under noninflammatory conditions (immature DC) and for DC stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines (mature DC). DC expression of MHC classes I/II and CD83 was reduced (mature DC only). Myeloid DC from peripheral blood were similarly sensitive to the effects of human AqH, but only under inflammatory conditions. The addition of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and vasoactive intestinal peptide did not cause significant inhibition at physiological levels. However, the addition of exogenous cortisol at physiological levels recapitulated the AqH-induced reduction in CD86 and inhibition of DC-induced T cell proliferation, and blockade of cortisol in AqH partially reversed its suppressive effects. TGF-β2 had an additional effect with cortisol, and although simultaneous blockade of cortisol and TGF-β2 in AqH reduced its effectiveness, there was still a cortisol- and TGF-β–independent component. In humans, AqH regulates DC maturation and function by the combined actions of cortisol and TGF-β2, a pathway that is likely to contribute to the maintenance of immune privilege in the eye.
Sepsis Induces Early Alterations in Innate Immunity That Impact Mortality to Secondary Infection
Authors: Delano Matthew J. , Thayer Terri , Gabrilovich Sonia , Kelly-Scumpia Kindra M. , Winfield Robert D. , Scumpia Philip O. , Cuenca Alex G. , Warner Elizabeth , Wallet Shannon M. , Wallet Mark A. , O’Malley Kerri A. , Ramphal Reuben , Clare-Salzer Michael , Efron Philip A. , Mathews Clayton E. , Moldawer Lyle L.
Published: November 2010

Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection, induces changes in both innate and adaptive immunity that presumably lead to increased susceptibility to secondary infections, multiorgan failure, and death. Using a model of murine polymicrobial sepsis whose severity approximates human sepsis, we examined outcomes and defined requirements for survival after secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia or disseminated Listeria monocytogenes infection. We demonstrate that early after sepsis neutrophil numbers and function are decreased, whereas monocyte recruitment through the CCR2/MCP-1 pathway and function are enhanced. Consequently, lethality to Pseudomonas pneumonia is increased early but not late after induction of sepsis. In contrast, lethality to listeriosis, whose eradication is dependent upon monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis, is actually decreased both early and late after sepsis. Adaptive immunity plays little role in these secondary infectious responses. This study demonstrates that sepsis promotes selective early, impaired innate immune responses, primarily in neutrophils, that lead to a pathogen-specific, increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
Tertiary fluvial sediments in the Lake Hazen intermontane Basin, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Miall A D
Published: November 2010

Tertiary sediments at Lake Hazen have been divided into two units, a lower sandstone-mudstone member, up to 450 m thick, consisting of very fine to very coarse, weakly consolidated sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, with minor coal and conglomerate, and an upper
conglomerate member, 450 m thick, comprising cobble and boulder conglomerate with subordinate sandstone. The name Eureka Sound Formation is retained for the entire succession, which is Eocene to ?Oligocene in age. The contact between the members probably is conformable and gradational, and an
earlier assignment of the conglomerate member to the Beaufort Formation (Miocene) is now judged to be incorrect. Sediments of the sandstone-mudstone member were deposited mainly by small, high sinuosity, single channel ("meandering"), mixed load streams, although coarse deposits within the member
may reflect temporary establishment of more competent, multiple channel ("braided") bedload streams as a result of minor climatic fluctuations or tectonic pulses. Sand petrography and paleocurrent evidence indicate derivation from lower Paleozoic rocks of Hazen Plateau, south of the basin. The
conglomerate member was formed as a result of thrust movement and uplift along Hazen Fault Zone. Beds of the sandstone-mudstone member grade up into cobble and boulder conglomerates deposited on an alluvial fan zone bordering the fault. Petrographic and paleocurrent evidence indicates a shift in
source area and transport direction, the conglomerates being derived from lower Paleozoic and Carboniferous to Mesozoic sediments and diabase sills of Grantland Uplift, north of Lake Hazen. Absence of Paleocene strata suggests initiation of basin subsidence as much as 20 Ma later at Lake Hazen than
in many other parts of the Arctic Islands. The tentative correlation of the conglomerate beds at Boulder Hills implies that there is now no positive evidence in the report area of the final episode of the Eurekan Orogeny, which involved renewed faulting and sedimentation during the Miocene elsewhere
in the Arctic Islands.
Coastal surveys, Jones Sound, District of Franklin
Authors: Taylor R B , Frobel D
Published: November 2010

In 1983, low-altitude video tapes were made of the coast of Jones Sound; launch surveys were completed off five tidewater glaciers along the northeast coast of Devon Island. Large submarine glacial deposits off northeast Devon Island suggest that some of the
valley glaciers once stood 2 to 7 km off shore for a considerable time before rapidly retreating to near their present position. Today, the proglacial tidewater environments in bays resemble those of the slowly retreating shallow-water glaciers in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Most of the Devon Island
tidewater glaciers are grounded and are fringed by an ice-proximal shelf. Ice-front thickness is commonly 55 to 76 m but at the face of larger glaciers, it exceeds 100 m. Sediment gravity flows, observed across the ice-proximal shelf foreslope, are an important agent in the transfer and deposition
of sediment in the proglacial basins.
The Schei Point and Blaa Mountain groups [middle-upper triassic], Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Embry A F
Published: November 2010

The Schei Point Formation, a Middle-Upper Triassic clastic unit in the Sverdrup Basin of Arctic Canada, is herein raised to group status, and five new formations are recognized within the group. These new formations are formally defined herein and, in ascending
order are: Murray Harbour, Roche Point, Hoyle Bay, Pat Bay and Barrow. The Roche Point and Pat Bay formations consist mainly of nearshore marine sandstones and are present only on the basin margins. The Murray Harbour, Hoyle Bay and Barrow for mations consist of shale and siltstone of offshore shelf
to slope origin, and these formations extend across the basin. Within the basin the Murray Harbour, Hoyle Bay and Barrow comprise strata formerly assigned to the Blaa Mountain Formation. Consequently the Blaa Mountain is also given group status.
Techniques For the Display and Editing of Marine Potential Field Data
Authors: Macnab R , Verhoef J , Woodside J
Published: November 2010

Efficient editing and production of potential field maps is facilitated with tools developed for enhancement and display of large data sets. These include software packages for gridding and contouring, construction of shadowgrams, and directional filters. The
clean data bases that result from applications of these techniques are basic to high Level geophysical interpretation.
Survey of gypsum cargo jettisoned from M/V Colon Brown, Lighthouse Bank, Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia
Authors: Stewart J M ,   Geomarine Associates Ltd.
Published: November 2010

The Liberian bulk carrier M/V COLON BROWN grounded on Lighthouse Bank in Halifax Harbour on April 4, 1975. Between April 6 and April 16 when the vessel was refloated, an estimated 13,680 metric tons (13,900 long tons) of her gypsum cargo were dumped into the sea
to lighten the vessel. This report considers briefly the circumstances of the COLON BROWN's grounding and refloating, the physical nature of her cargo and the geomorphology of her temporary resting place; Lighthouse Bank. The report next describes the investigations, objectives, methodology, results
and conclusions. The effect of gypsum dissolution by circulating seawater is described and documeted by photographs of gypsum in place on the seafloor and of representative samples recovered from the gypsum dump. It is concluded that the gypsum dump cannot be mapped by side-scan sonar or echo
sounder because of the low relief of the dump and low reflectivity contrast between the gypsum debris and surrounding rock. The gypsum dump was located by SCUBA diver traverses of the seafloor. It is apparent that little redistricution of the gypsum had occurred up to the time of August 11-19. The
gypsum debris, where exposed to circulating seawater, is undergoing rapid dissolution. No evidence was observed to indicate immediate harmful effects on the normal benthonic flora and fauna surrounding the deposit.
Side-scan sonar examination of helicopter search area, Scotian Shelf
Authors: Stewart J M , Ruffman A
Published: November 2010

An intensive search on the Scotian Shelf for downed helicopter, provided uniquely dense coverage by side-scan sonar and bathymetry readings. A geological study of the side-scan sonar and bathymetric records, seafloor photographs and sediment sample analyses, was
undertaken and an integrated interpretation completed. Maps of bathymetry and surficial geology resulted. Two major sediment units occur in the search area: an acoustically reflective glacial drift with a hummocky upper surface, and an acoustically transparent mud which is shown by sub-bottom
reflections on echograms, to fill depressions in the upper surface of the glacial drift. The distribution of sediments is in general agreement with existing regional maps of surficial geology.
A study of sub-seabottom permafrost in the Beaufort Sea, Mackenzie Delta, by hydraulic drilling methods
Authors: Allen V S , Burgess M , Burns R A , Gagne R
M , Hunter J A , Macaulay H A , Judge A S
Published: November 2010

During the spring of 1978, 12 holes were hydraulically jet-drilled from the sea-ice to maximum depths of 61m beneath the Beaufort Sea, The holes, located in a line across the Delta Front north of Richards Island: were instrumented with temperature cables and
monitored as the thermal disturbance due to the jetting dissipated, Much of the sea-bottom material encountered was marginally ice-bonded and permafrost occurred at all sites, Temperatures in the sea-bottom were below O°C averaging around -1,5° to -1.0° C, Temperature gradients were
near isothermal and are probably indicative of relict degrading permafrost, The shallow lithology interpreted from the drilling logs revealed definite changes in material type and thickness occurring across the Delta Front from Mackenzie Canyon to Kugmallit Bay. Water temperature and salinity
profiles at the drill sites reflected the influence of the warmer and fresher Mackenzie River waters flowing into Mackenzie Bay and Kugmallit Bay.
Report on geological mapping in Home Bay map area, District of Franklin
Authors: Tippett C R , McLellan P , Henderson J R
Published: November 2010

The aphebian Piling Group in Foxe Fold Belt in the vicinity of Cape Hooper, NWT overlies a basement complex of probable Archean or early Aphebian granitoid rocks. It has been divided into two major units. The lower part mainly is made up of quartzites and rocks
thought to be derived from muscovitic quartzites and schists. These include cordierite-garnet-K feldspar gneisses. Migmatitic biotite-rish schists and gneisses derived from greywacke turbidites make up the upper unit. Minor amphibolite present in both units may represent syndepositional dykes, flows
and sills. Metamorphism involving the breakdown of muscovite and quartz to sillimanite and K feldspar, and of sillimanite and biotite to cordierite and farnet appearts to have occured before or during the earliest recognized phase of deformation which involved recumbent isoclinal folding. Intrusions
of megacrystic quartz monzonite cur anatectic granitoid pegmatites produced during this prograde metamorphism, but contain the schistosity developed during the earliest deformation. A second deformation produced anticlinal ridges cored by basement gneisses trending north-south and overturned to the
west with variably plunging hinges. A third event involved tight folding with easterly to southeasterly trending axial surfaces generally overturned towards the north, and variable shallowly plunging hinges. The fourth deformation was similar to the third, but produced folds with axial surface
traces trending approximately east-northeast. Interference between sets of structures is generally visible only on the map scale.
Regional well water geochemical reconnaissance data, Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan
Authors: Dyck W
Published: November 2010

This open file presents field and laboratory observations of a well water reconnaissance survey carried out during the 1976 field season in the Cypress Hills area of Saskatchewan. Approximately 880 wells and 60 sprins were sampled from a 17,900 km2 (6910 mi2)
area bounded by the limits of maps 72F, 72K/1 and 72K/2. On the average one site per 13km2 (5mi2) was sampled where possible. Up to 30 variables were determined on each sample in addition to numerous field observations. All measurements and observations are recorded on magnetic tape. The
groundswater survey was carried out to determine the general usefulness of such surveys for U prospecting and to evaluate the hydrogeochemical character of the region. The survey was managed by the Geological Survey of Canada in conjunction with the Saskatchewan Department of Mineral Resources, and
the Saskatchewan Research Council under the terms of the Canada-Saskatchewan Agreement on the Uranium Reconnaissance Program.
Regional stream sediment reconnaissance data, Prince Edward island
Authors: Dyck W
Published: November 2010

This open file presents field and laboratory observations of a stream sediment survey carried out during the 1975 field season in Prince Edward Island. The survey was carried out in conjunction with the Maritime well water survey (Dyck, et al, 1976a, Dyck et al,
1976b) to determine the general usefulness of such surveyx for U prospecting and to evaluate the geochemical character of the island. The survey was managed by the Geological Survey of Canada in conjunction with the Prince Edward Island Department of Industry and Commerce under the terms of the
Canada-PEI agreement on the Uranium Reconnaissance Program. Approximately 380 stream sediments were collected at an average density of one sample/15 km2 throughout the 5700 km2 area of the Island. All samples were analysed for U, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Fe. The data are available in the form of a
listing and digitally on magnetic tape.
Oil Shales of the Big Marsh and Pictou Areas, Nova Scotia
Authors: Macauley G , Ball F D
Published: November 2010

Two hunded fourty-three samples, obtained from 5 coreholes of the Big Marsh (Antigonish) oil shales (Tournaisian age) and from 6 coreholes and two surface exposures of the Pictou Group (Westphalian B-C) near Stellarton, were analyzed for total organic carbon
(TOC) and subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis.
The Big Marsh oil shales double in depositional thickness from north to south from 67 to 125m over the 12.5km distance of their exposure. A commesurate southerly decrease of hyudrocarbon potential from 24.56 kg/t at the north to 12.73 kg/t at the south directly reflects diminishing yields per 1%
TOC from 4.47 to 2.58 kg/t rather htan decreasing TOC content. The kerogen content is an admixture of Types I and IIIL the variation in yield potential reflects varying distribution of Type I and III kerogens, although a southerly increase in thermal maturation may also be significant. These beds
are of immature to low thermal maturity. Because of the low hydrocarbon recoveries, the economic potential of the Big Marsh oil shales in limited.
Oil shales, tobanite and stellarite are described from the Pictou area. The oil shales and tobanites are geochemically identical, Both yield neaar 3.5 kg/t 1% TOC, but a TOC range from 7% in the oil shales to greater than 20% in the torbanites increases yield potential significantly;
however, thickness of 1m or less and limites areal distribution offset the higher yield potential of the torbanites. The oil shales and tobanites are an apparent admixture of kerogen Types III and I, with Type III possibly predominating, The Type III kerogen is possible in the low thermal maturity
range: the Type I may be immature.
Stellarite is a distinct Type I kerogen deposit, mostly a Botryococcus type algal debris, found associated with coal (Type III) in the Oil-Coal Seam. TOC ranges 7 to 25% in the stellarite, which is thermally immature, and yields approximately 7 kg/t/1% TOC. A low yield ratio of less than 2
kg/t is offset by high TOC (in part over %) to produce significant oil yields from the coal bed. Oil yields exceeding 60 kg/t may be expected from the average 3.0 to 3.5m of the Oil-Coal Seam. which is the most economically potential unit of the area.
North American Continent - Ocean Transects Programme, Corridor G, Somerset Island To Canada Basin
Authors: Sweeney J F , Balkwill H R , Franklin R , Mayr U , McGrath P , Snow E , Sobczak L W , Wetmiller R J
Published: November 2010

This open file consists of two large display sheets that show a 1:500,000 geologic strip map and crustal cross-sections based on geological and geophysical interpretations across the central Arctic Islands and into the Canada Basin. An accompanying pamphlet
describes the layout of display features and explains the constraints used in their derivation. Corridor G is a joint study by the Geolofical Survey of Canada and the Earth Physics Branch and is part of the Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) program.
Geology of a transect through the southern Margin of the Foxe Fold Belt, central Baffin Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Tippett C R
Published: November 2010

The study area lies on the southern margin of the Foxe Fold Belt, a major Hudsonian structural feature on central Baffin Island which is defined by the presence of Aphebian (Early Proterozoic) meta
Geology of the Tatamagouche Syncline, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia
Authors: Ryan R J
Published: November 2010

The Carboniferous strata of the Tatamagouche Syncline area can be divided into nine lithostratigraphic units: 1) Windsor Group 2) Millsville Formation 3) Boss Point Formation 4) Cumberland Coarse Facies 5) Cumberland Fine Facies 6) Pictou Grey Beds 7) Pictou
Lower Red Beds 8) Pictou Middle Red Beds 9) Pictou Upper Red Beds. With the exception of the shallow marine rocks which characterize the Mississippian Windsor Group, the rest of the Carboniferous strata are predominantely fluvial continental in origin. The continental lithofacies range from boulder
conglomerates deposited in the proximal alluvial fan environment to sandstones and mudstones deposited in low sinuosity streams. Paleocurrent directions indicate a flow to the north-northwest within the study area. Some variation of this flow may result from evaporite diapirism in anticlinal areas
to the north of the study area. Copper, silver, lead, zinc and uranium occurrences are numerous within the study area. The mineralization is closely linked to the presence of coalified plant material within the channel lag sandstones and conglomerates. Exploration models must therefore incorporate
paleocurrent studies to correctly predict potential mineralization trends.
Strong Motion Records From the 23 December 1985, Ms6.9 Nahanni, NWT, and Some Associated Earthquakes
Authors: Weichert D H , Wetmiller R J , Horner R B , Munro P S , Mork P N
Published: November 2010

A magnitude Ms6.6 earthquake occurred on 5 October 1985 in the North Nahanni River area of the Northwest Territories of Canada. During the aftershock survey three accelerographs were installed near the center of the activity. The instruments were triggered by a
large number of aftershocks, including a second large earthquake, Ms6.9, that occurred on 23 December 1985 close to the location of the October event. Accelerations recorded from this earthquake at distances from 8 to 30 km have a general level of 10 to 30 % g lasting about 10 to 12 s. One
record exhibits several horizontal acceleration cycles on the order of 60 to 120 % g (gravity), and a vertical peak that exceeded the width of the film and therefore must have exceeded 2 g, all with dominant frequencies of about 8 to 10 Hz. In this report we present copies of the three strong
motion film records from the 23 December earthquake and nine accelerograms from three smaller events that resulted in significant acceleration on the order of 10 % g. Of these records, six were considered to be of sufficient significance to have the original films digitized commercially and
processed with the standard strong motion package of the U.S. National Strong Motion Data Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. For these records we present here plots of instrument-corrected, anti-aliased and filtered accelerations, velocities and displacements, as well as Fourier amplitude spectra
of acceleration, and the velocity response spectra.