bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase of noise suppression efficiency due to correction of frequency characteristics of receiving channels in the navigation equipment of consumers
Authors:   Military Engineering Institute of Siberian Federal University, Tyapkin V. N. , Ratushnyak V. N. ,   Military Engineering Institute of Siberian Federal University, Dmitriev D. D. ,   Military Engineering Institute of Siberian Federal University, Gladyshev A. B. ,   Military Engineering Institute of Siberian Federal University
Published: June 2018

Space-time signal processing in adaptive electronic systems, including navigation, remains the subject of intensive research, as it allows to improve the efficiency of receiving useful signals under the influence of natural or intentional interference. The bibliography on this subject is very extensive and includes a large number of articles of scientific and applied nature, dissertations, monographs, patent materials. Much of this work has references to monographs by R. Monzingo and B. Widrow, which set out the basic principles, criteria and algorithms of spatial-temporal signal processing. To date, the development of space-time signal processing is largely constrained by the imperfection of the element base. The use of modern navigation equipment consumers high-speed signal processors that implement advanced methods and algorithms of digital signal processing, provides the ability of digital methods to form the desired beam pattern of the antenna system and to adjust the frequency characteristics of the reception channels, to implement complex algorithms for optimal processing of useful signals, operative to control the main operation modes of equipment. One of the most important applications of space-time signal processing is noise suppression, and its effectiveness depends on the degree of inter-channel correlation of these signals received by antenna elements of the adaptive antenna array. To maximize the coefficient of interference suppression required the adoption of measures on alignment of frequency and phase characteristics of the receiving circuits, and high precision computation of weighting coefficients. The article considers the questions of spatial filtering of the interference when adaptive interference compensator adjusted frequency characteristics of the receiving channels, and means of satellite navigation. Gradient algorithm of spatial compensation of noise, and also influence of adaptive correction of frequency characteristics of receiving channels on quality of suppression of noise is presented. The formation of a directional diagram of a multi-element adaptive antenna array with spatial noise suppression is demonstrated by modeling in the Matlab environment.
Investigation of Sound Transmission Loss Through Sandwich Panel with Foam Core
Authors: Obeid Hatem Hadi , Mohammed Huda Nadhim
Published: June 2018

In the past years, customer and consumer request are increased for performance sound. Where vibration and noise characteristics are made of important design criteria. The vibro- acoustic behavior is considered in the composite sandwich, important research topic to provide a suitable design with consumer requirements.

The sound intensity method is widely using to measure the sound transmission loss between two rooms. This method are used with a composite materials, that are consist of two steel layers between them one layer for core. This paper provides a brief description of the sound intensity method and it is depended on ISO140[1]. Finite Element Method (FEM) are used to comparison with experimental results.The core of different thickness was used to study its effect on acoustic insulation. The experimental and theoretical results are shown, that the value of sound transmission loss are increased by rates of 6dB when the core thickness is doubled .
ТҮРК МАДАНИЯТЫНДА КОШОКТОР ЖАНА КОШОКТОРДУН КООМДОГУ ФУНКЦИЯЛАРЫ -Кыргызстан мисалында-
Authors: ANARBEKOVA ERKİNBEKOVNA Venera
Published: June 2018

Ар бир коомдо өлүм сыяктуу маанилүү коомдук окуялардын
арасында ар кандай ырым-жырымдар бар. Түрк элдеринин мындай ырым-жырымдарынын
сап башында “кошок, кошук” турат. Кошоктор өлүмгө карата сый жана урмат катары,
каада-салт жана үрп-адаттарга ылайык муңдуу үн менен коштолот. VI-VII кылымдардан калган, мүрзөлөрдүн башына коюлган
эстеликтердин, балбал таштардын бетиндеги жазууларды Орхон-Энесай жазуулары деп
билебиз. Бул эстеликтердеги жазуулар маданиятыбыздагы кошок кошуу салтынын
алгачкы конкреттүү мисалы болуп эсептелет. Азыркы күндө да эстеликтерге курман
болгон адам тууралуу жазылган маалыматтар, ага арналган ырлар аталган салттык
көрүнүш катары кабыл алынат. Бирок бул каада-салтты түрк маданияты жагынан алып
караганда социалдык мааниси чоң. Себеби бул каада-салттар түрк коомчулугунун
ынтымагын бекемдеген ырым-жырымдар болуп эсептелишет.

       Аталган эмгегибизде түрк
дүйнөсүндөгү “кошок, кошук” сөзүнө көз чаптырып, андан кийин кошокторго болгон
көз-караш фольклордук жактан бааланып, кошокторду түзгөн мотивдерге токтолуп
өттүк. Ошондой эле, кошоктордун түрк
элдериндеги коомдук функциясы жөнүндө да сөз салдык. Андан кийин кыргыз түрктөрүнүн
жаназалары, жаназалардагы аял жана эркектин орду менен каерде, кандай максатта,
кандай түрдө жана ким тарабынан кошок кошулганын салыштырмалуу мисалдар менен
ачып көрсөттүк.
KAZAK TÜRKLERİNİN MÜZİKAL SAHNE ÖRNEKLERİ VE BU BAĞLAMDA İCRA EDİLEN KARA JORGA DANSI
Authors: Çetin Halil
Published: June 2018

Bu makalede, Kazak Türklerinin müzikal çalgı
aletleri ve bunların icra edildiği yerler ile gerçekleştirilen ritüeller
incelenmiştir. Kazak atışma geleneğinde, âşıkların atışma yerleri, eserlerini
icra edişindeki farklılıklar ve dile getirdikleri ezgisel sözler de
incelenmiştir. Kazak küyleri de müzikal icra ortamlarında sık kullanılan bir
ezgi biçimidir.  Kazak Türklerinde, kara
jorga dansının nasıl yapıldığı ve hangi sahnesel özellikleri barındırdığı
açıklanmıştır. Müzik bir toplumun ruhudur. Bu ezgisel ruh, her halkın duygu,
düşünce, kültürel yaşam gibi daha birçok özelliğini sözlerinde ve ezgilerinde
barındırmaktadır. Kazakların müzikal sahne örneklerinde de bu yansımalar
görülmektedir. Âşık atışmalarında kültürel, siyasi, ekonomik, halkın güncel
duygu ve düşünceleri kendilerine has bir ezgi ile dile getirilmektedir.
Sahnesel gösterimlerde ulusal dans figürleri sergilenmekte ve müzikler de icra
edilmektedir. Bu gösterimler, halkın ortak kültür değerlerini müzikal ezgiler
ve dans gösterimleri aracılığıyla sunmaktadır. Böylece toplumun inşasında ve
gelişmesinde müziğin önemli basamaklardan birisi olduğu görülmektedir.
ORHAN PAMUK’UN CEVDET BEY VE OĞULLARI ROMANINDA SÖZ VARLIĞI
Authors: YILDIRIM Nilüfer
Published: June 2018

Dil sadece anlaşmayı sağlayan tek
yönlü bir dizge değil aynı zamanda özelliklerine, kullanım yerlerine ve
işlevlerine göre dünyayı anlamlı hâle getirebilen çok yönlü bir yapıdır. Birçok
unsuru bünyesinde barındıran dilin kullanım alanı bulduğu yerlerden biri de
edebî eserlerdir. Edebî eserin yaratıcısı konumunda olan sanatçı; duygu,
düşünce ve hayal dünyasını dış dünya ile birleştirerek kurgular. Kurguladığı
kavramları dili kullanarak kelimelere döker. Böylece sanatçının sahip olduğu
söz varlığı, kullandığı üslup, dile olan hâkimiyeti, oluşturduğu eseriyle somut
hâle gelir. Dolayısıyla dil; eserle yazarı, yazarla okuru, okurla dünyayı
tanıştırır.

Dili kullanabilme yeteneği,
sanatçının başarısının ölçütlerinden biridir. Sanatçının dili iyi
kullanabilmesinin ölçütlerinden biri de dilin söz varlığını eserine yeterli
derecede yansıtabilmesidir. Bu bakımdan söz varlığı çalışmaları, sanatçı ve
eser için büyük önem taşır. Söz varlığı çalışmalarının öneminden hareketle Türk
Edebiyatının Nobel ödüllü yazarı Orhan Pamuk’un Cevdet Bey ve Oğulları romanının söz varlığı makale konusu olarak
belirlenmiştir. Makalenin yazılış amacı Cevdet
Bey ve Oğulları romanındaki söz varlığını belirlemektir. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda yazarın ilk romanı Cevdet
Bey ve Oğulları’nın söz varlığı unsurları; tür, anlam, köken, kullanım
sıklığı bakımından ayrıntılı olarak incelenip değerlendirilmiştir.
TUNCER GÜLENSOY’UN ALTAYİSTİK VE MOĞOL HALKBİLİMİ ÇALIŞMALARI
Authors: İPEK Birol
Published: June 2018

Bu
çalışmada Tuncer Gülensoy’un, Altayistik ve Moğol Halkbilimi çalışmaları
anlatılmıştır. Gülensoy, Türkçe, Moğolca, Mançu-Tunguzca, Korece ve Japoncanın
akraba diller olduğuna inanan ve bu alanda çalışmalar yapan bir bilim
insanıdır. Gülensoy, Altay dilleri arasındaki akrabalığın daha iyi anlaşılması
için Moğolca üzerinde müstakil çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini bütün
çalışmalarında anlatmıştır.

Gülensoy,
Altay dillerinin ortak özellikleri üzerine yaptığı çalışmaların yanında
Mongolistik üzerine de birçok çalışma yapmıştır. Gülensoy, Türkiye’de Moğolca
üzerini doktora yapan ilk bilim insanıdır. Moğolların ikinci önemli eseri olan
“Altan Topçi”yi Türkçeye çevirmiştir.

Gülensoy,
Moğolca ile ilgili birçok çalışmanın yanında Moğol Halk Bilimi ile ilgili
olarak da birçok çalışma yapmıştır. Gülensoy, yaptığı bu çalışmalarda, Türklerde
ve Moğollarda ortak olan kültür, örf ve anane, mitoloji, efsane, askerlik
sanatı, inanç ve kişi adları bakımından benzerlikleri ortaya koymuştur.  

Çalışmamızda
Gülensoy’un Altayistik ile ilgili 6, Moğol Halkbilimi ile ilgili 8, toplam 14
makalesine yer verdik.
ئۇيغۇرچە –تۈركچە ماقال-تەمسىللەر توغرىسىدا سېلىشتۇرما تەتقىقات
Authors: ABDUREŞİT Zulhecce
Published: June 2018

ماقال-تەمسىللەر
مەيلى قايسى مىللەتكە تەۋە بولسۇن، ئوخشاشلا شۇمىللەت خەلقىنىڭ ئەقىل پاراسىتىنىڭ
جەۋھىرى ۋە شۇ مىللەت مەدەنىيىتىنىڭ مەھسۇلى. ھەرقايسى مىللەت ماقال-تەمسىللىرىنىڭ شۇ مىللەت خەلقى ئارىسىغا كەڭ
تارقىلىپ،  ئەۋلادتىن ئەۋلادقا داۋاملىشىپ،
ئۇمۇميۈزلۈك ئىشىلتىلىشىنىڭ سەۋەبىنى ئۇنىڭ كەڭ ئەمگەكچى خەلق تۇرمۇشى ۋە
ئەمەلىيىتىنى ئەكس ئەتتۈرگەنلىكى ۋە ئاساس قىلغانلىقىدىن باشقا يەنە مەزمۇنىنىڭ چوڭقۇر،
تىلىنىڭ ئىخچام، ئوبرازلىق، يۈكسەك دەرىجىدە يېغىنچاق بولۇشى، ئىستىلىسىتىكىلىق
ۋاستىلەردىن ئۈنۈملۇك، جايىدا پايدىلىنىپ، خەلق ئېغىز تىلىغا تېخىمۇ
يېقىنلاشتۇرغانلىقىدىن ئايرىپ قاراشقا بولمايدۇ. ماقال-تەمىسىللەردە تۈرلۈك
ئىسىتىلىستىكىلىق ۋاستىلەرنىڭ ئۇستىلىق بىلەن ئىشىلتىلىشى ماقال-تەمسىللەرنىڭ
مۇھىم ئالاھىدىلىكلىرىنىڭ بىرى بولۇپ ھىسابلىنىدۇ.

ھەرقايسى
مىللەت ماقال-تەمسىللىرىدە قوللىنىلغان ئىستىلىستىكىلىق ۋاستىلەر بىر
تەرەپتىن ماقال-تەمسىللەرنىڭ تىل گۈزەللىكىنى ئاشۇرغان بولسا، يەنە بىر تەرەپتىن
مەزمۇنىنى تېخىمۇ ئېنىقلىققا، چۇڭقۇرلىققا ئىگە قىلغان. نەسىھەت تۈسىنى ئالغان
شۇنداقلا پەلسەپىۋىلىككە ئىگە بولغان چوڭقۇر پىكىرلەر ئۇستىلىق بىلەن ھەرخىل
ئىپادىلەش ۋاستىلىرى، يەنى يۇمۇرلۇق ۋە ئوبرازلىق تىلدىن پايدىلنىپ ئىپادىلەنگەن
بولۇپ،  كىشىگە چەكسىز گۈزەللىك تۇيغۇسى ۋە
ئىلھام بەخىش ئىتىدۇ.

مەزكۇر ماقالە  ، ئۇيغۇر
تىلىنىڭ ئىككى توملۇق ئىزاھلىق ماقال-تەمسىللىرى ۋە تۈرك تىلىنىڭ بىر توملۇق
ماقال-تەمسىللەر لۇغىتى،  شۇنداقلا
نەزەرىيىۋى تىلشۇناسلىق، ئىجتېمائىي تىلشۇناسلىق، 
ئىستىلىستىكا نەزەرىيلىرى ئاساس قىلىنىپ ，.ئۇيغۇر تىلىدىكى ۋە تۈرك تىلىدىكى ماقال-تەمسىللەر ۋە ئۇلارنىڭ مەزمۇن ۋە
شەكىل جەھەتتىكى ئالاھىدىلىكلىرى ئىككى مىللەتنىڭ تاللانغان تىل ماتىرىياللىرى
ئاساسىدا چۇشەندۈرۈلۇپ سېلىشتۇرۇلدى
SİBİRYA TATARLARININ SÖZLÜ MİRASINA AİT BİR ANIT
Authors: YARULLİNA YILDIRIM Ramilya
Published: June 2018

Sibirya
Tatarlarının halk edebiyatı mirasını derleme ve ilk incelemeler XIX. yy.ın
ikinci yarısında Alman bilgini W. W. Radloff tarafından başlatılmış olup Sovyet
döneminde Kazan folklorcuları Hesen Yermi, Flora Ahmetova, Fatih Urmançe, Lenar
Camaletdinov, Henüz Mehmutov vs. tarafından devam ettirilmiştir. Tanıtım
yazısında hayatının yarım asrını bu etnosun dilini, diyalektolojisini ve
kültürünü öğrenmeye adayan Prof. Dr. Ferit Yusupov tarafından hazırlanan
Sibirya Tatarları folklorunun yomaklarını yani masallarını içine alan antolojinin
ikinci cildi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada kitabın yapısının ve masalların kökeninin
konu ve tür bakımından incelendiği giriş makalesi, metinler ve dipnot kısmı
hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Political Economic Analysis of Free Trade Agreements in Case of Korea-EU FTA: Strategic Importance of Korea
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Yoon Sung-Wook
Published: June 2018

Recently, multilateral trade negotiations under the WTO have been at a standstill, but the conclusion of regional trade agreements(RTAs) or free trade agreements(FTAs) has significantly increased. Many countries in the globe have been devoted to conclude regional trade agreements which seem to be much easier to conclude than multilateral trade negotiations under the WTO. Most of all, the EU which gives the priority to the multilateral trade system also stresses the necessity of free trade agreements and announces to start FTA negotiations with Korea, India and ASEAN in a new common commercial policy introduced in 2006.
However, this research tries to find motivation for the growth of concluding FTAs other than no progress of the WTO/DDA negotiation. For this, this research looks at the motivation of selecting negotiation partners in case of Korea-EU FTA based upon factors categorised by Woolcock and Ravenhill. According to Woolcock, the motivation for promoting FTAs is categorised as ‘political or strategic factors', ‘commercial benefits', ‘response to globalisation', and 'trade or regulatory policy factors'.
In addition, Ravenhill categorises seven different motivations in terms of mainly political motivation. Based on these theoretical foundations, this paper looks at the conclusion of KORUS FTA, Korea's intention of promoting FTAs with China and Japan, the possibility of creating regional community in Asia, and the strategic importance of Korea in establishing the international standard in case of automobile in order to analyse the reason for selecting the negotiation partner between the EU and Korea. Hence, this research claims that the strategic factor is also very important for the selection of the partner in the FTA negotiation in addition to the economic or commercial motivation.
Education System of Europe: A Study on the Educational Systems of England, France, and Germany
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kim Un-Sam
Published: June 2018

The global world now pays attention to the reformation of the higher education. In this era of knowledge industry, the international competitiveness rests much upon the higher education and a development strategy with human resources on its center is necessary for the continuous growth of a nation. Since the globalization the market order has been changed and so have been the educational boundaries between the nations.
The higher education, in particular, altered its goal, subject, and method as well as its qualification formalities and evaluation process.
These two programs are part of large social reformation of politics, of economy, and of culture that the European Union as one Europe has been through before any other parts of the world prepared to cope with the globalization. These two programs have a significant effect on the recent higher education models, and by way of seeing these programs, we can find some useful way of internalization of universities in Korea.
This thesis surveys and analyzes the concept of the internalization and the current condition and movement of internalization of higher of higher education in Korea. This thesis will show as a conclusion that all the EU higher education policies are developed to strengthen the economical and cultural solidarity of the European nations upon mutual understanding and collaboration: the normalization of education, the standardization of evaluation process, and a training program in close relation with employment and market policies. Korean universities can sharpen their international competitiveness in a short period of time if they (re-)consider and actualize the joint or dual degree program with more flexibility and establish intimate network with renowned international institutions.
For the internalization of the higher education, a further study on the legal system of joint management, branch installation, and international degree program is required besides secure financial support. Korean universities need to standardize their educational programs according international acceptability and the government should also establish a national as well as international verification system through a qualified organization. Serious research on education needs to be carried side by side with political model of higher education, the core of the human resources development program.
The establishment of an international organization that will administer the unified system of world education resources and information according its realizable standard and evaluation method is expected. Networking of local universities with international institutions as well as the information-sharing between the two will be possible through this organization. Administrative and financial reformation and support will increase the competitiveness of Korean universities in the world by developing a new educational system.
Asian Values vs. European Values
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kim Bok-Rae
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research paper is to compare Asian & European values. It is very useful to find cultural common denominators called ‘Asian values' among three countries: Korea, Japan and China for the future of East Asian FTA. In 2006 Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla linked the concepts of Asian values with the proposed East Asian Free Trade Agreement and East Asian Community arising from the East Asia Summit. He defined Asian values as placing emphasis on co-operation over competition.
Asian values contain various contents. Maybe, we can consider them as ‘non-European values' which comprehend Islamism in the Middle East, Indian Hinduism, and Buddhism in Southeast Asia. However, a recent scholarly research is concentrated on ‘Confucian values' in close relation with economic growth in East Asia. First attempt to explain the economic model of these ‘Third World' countries, in parallel with those of American and European 'First World' countries and Soviet-bloc ‘Second World' countries began at the end of 1970s. It is Herman Kahn who contributes to link East Asian dynamic growth with Confucian culture. Kahn’s neo-Confucian hypothesis is that the countries of East Asia have common cultural roots going far back into history, and that under the world-market conditions of the past 30 years this cultural inheritance has constituted a competitive advantage for successful business activity. Herman Kahn's followers suggest that Confucian values are ‘the modern day Asian Protestant ethics.' With this cultural hypothesis adopted, we will reexamine Asian values such as statism or centralism of personalities in political leadership, familism, self-restraint, insistence on education, secularism, diligence, social obedience and unity, cooperation and harmony, etc., in comparison with European values.
According to Montaigne, “comparaison n’est pas raison.” In effect, there can be no comparison between two heterogeneous Asian/European values, respectively cultivated in a different socio-cultural, or historical context. Thus, on account of limit space, we will focus our attention first on Protestant/Confucian ethics; second on the ‘homogeneity' and ‘heterogeneity' in two disparate values in giving priority to so-called ‘East Asian values'; and finally on the perspective on two cultural identities and their role in European Union and in East Asian economic cooperation in wider and looser sense. According to Lee, a ‘formal regional integration in the form of a preferential trading bloc' in East Asia is neither feasible nor beneficial to the region. As a way of bringing about regional economic cooperation, East Asian region (China, Japan, and South Korea) should create institutions that would provide ‘regional public goods.' Why not create cultural values, if necessary?
A Study on Characteristic Factors by Cross-Cultural Negotiating and Negotiating Behavior
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Jee-Hoon , Lee Jong-Gu
Published: June 2018

In global era, negotiating strategy in organization and HRM require to approach negotiating skill not simply IR and trade negotiating but global and multi-culture environment.
The purpose of the maximum organization effectiveness for OB and cultural characteristics approach to strategic method for strategic side, and increasing satisfaction of many decision making and results for negotiating process in organization and individual level.
In established studies, that separately approached mostly in the side of negotiating strategy, negotiating skill, negotiating of industrial relations, trading processes, decision making, culture among the nations and conflict control.
And scope on culture behavior of international negotiating process in IMF negotiation(1997) and Korean-American FTA negotiation(2007), appeared variety of changing flow cultural fusion of Orientals and Westerners, changing trend of traditional peculiar, strategic selection of elements of partner's culture.
Therefore, we need a reconsider in the strategic viewpoint that cross-cultural characteristic in the viewpoint of behavior and changing of flow.
Especially, key sub-factors derive from lately negotiating case and document studies of focus on behavior of westerners and orientals culture. and strategic model is build up basis of study of inclusive and practical and that the actual analysis about values of organizational members, cultural behavior and difference of behavior factors with differential negotiating culture.
In this study, we would like to present viewpoint of theoretical basis and integrated the flow of negotiating stimulus behavior, negotiating process, negotiating response behavior and negotiating environment, negotiating related in-put and out-put behaviors by factors in the side of OB and organizational effectiveness.
And key factors for successful negotiating outcomes in OB level classified that,
① Individual behavior characteristics: personality/belief/values/attitude/intelligence/communication/ emotion
② Negotiating environment factors: partner/goal/ability/situation/interaction/location/restricted-time
③ Individual difference/conflict factors: information/perception/role/interests/tactics/authority
④ Cultural factors: our culture/others culture/culture shock
And The factors are surrounded by negotiating stimulus behavior, negotiating process behavior, negotiating response behavior and totally environment, negotiating related-in/put and out/put behavior.
Organizational structure of modern enterprises, finally, coexisting multicultural characteristics are started recognition and understanding of diversification that how to combine of organization and individual level. That is derive from outcome of mutual satisfaction, behavioral motivation and increasing perfomance. Understanding of multiculture is being diverse internal and external organization.
Future research should attempt to seek more specific side of OB and strategic suggestions about that subject.
A Study on the EU Action Plans and Suggestions of the American Financial Crisis
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Seo Young-Soo
Published: June 2018

American financial crisis was expanded to rapidly world-wide caused with operating that authorities' financial deregulation policy largely and investment bank's expanding loan policy to lead to morale hazard, credit rating company's inappropriate ratings of mortgage related derivatives, financial supervisory's inefficient regulations.
EURO also was converged to stagnation of economy overall with banking weakness expanding to total financial market and object economy and especially bank's credit crunch was showed highly with traditional bank-oriented financial structure.
European Commission implemented specifically economic stimulus program in Nov.2008 and also upgraded financial system and bank restructuring guideline to raise financial stability fundamentally. After 2009, Co-effect of EU policy was appeared gradually to negative potential impact such as asset bubble, price uncertainty, difference of each economic recovery speed to served bi-polarization in EURO.
As a result, Exit Strategy was raised that will be implemented firstly safe-guard oriented with each countries circumstances. so that the time and process of this strategy will be changed to under interests of each country, therefore this pre-equipment for strategy was very important.
Firstly, we should found various economic scenario and appropriate plan to minimize trial and error from operating new strategy. Also, analyze potential risk on the process of carrying out each policy since financial crisis and make joint culture.
Hence, we should monitor specifically the possibility of double dip and price uncertainty to derived shrinking public economy, morale hazard from EU small country, deviation of EU policy cooperation and regulation risk from overissues of exception recognition in regulation implementation.
In consequence, The recover of EU financial crisis will be hard on implementation of actual practice. However, EU Commission will expose consistent supplemental guideline to take worldwide economy priority after EU political conglomeration in future and fast recovery of world economy and Exit Strategy will be forecasted more visible.
A Study on the Effects of Organizational Commitment and Compensation for Service Immersion and Quality
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Seo Byung-Woo
Published: June 2018

As the management for customer-satisfaction appears as an important task of company management, practical studies tied to customer-satisfaction are actively carried out. Researches on external service quality carried out on the border between customers and employees are greatly performed because of their deep relationship to the management for customer-satisfaction, and recently in order to secure the competitiveness of service companies, researches on internal service quality are under way. The purpose of this study is to grasp the effects that organizational commitment and compensation have on the internal service immersion and the internal service quality.
The organization manager needs to make employees have affection and a sense of unity with the organization so that a service organization may accomplish the ultimate goal of increasing the service quality. The employees' immersion in the organization can not only maximize individual abilities but also decrease their intension to leave the job, so that a service organization may decrease the expenses to employee new workers and to train, which may greatly contribute to increasing the productivity of companies.
This study shows that the compensation for employees has influences on their immersion in the organization and services, and that service immersion influences the service quality. When the proper compensation for employees is made, the organizational commitment is done and they can devote themselves to their services. The proper promotion and compensation system, and the task arrangement to increase ability need to be made suitably. The compensation seems to have influences on their emotional, normative, and sustainable immersion in the organization, which influences their service immersion and service quality. This research is carried out for 292 employees who are responsible for tax and accounting affairs in order to prove four assumptions, and the four assumptions looks have significant influences as a result of proving them by using AMOS analysis program. When employees in a service organization do their duties, the internal service quality, a service evaluation in the organization, is influenced by their emotional, sustainable, and normative immersion in the organization. As this can be the basis of service quality which can contribute to increasing the customer satisfaction and customer value, one of the most important tasks for service organizations these days, this means that service organizations need to concentrate on not only the external service quality for customers but also the internal service quality. In a word, the power and importance of service quality is partly proved. Therefore, the fact that the relative portion of normative immersion in the influence of each dimension on the organizational commitment is great, and the need to study differences of service type could be suggested additionally.
A Study on the Components of Service Delivery Process Which Affect Service Encounter Satisfaction
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Min Byeong-Jun
Published: June 2018

Since service is variable in nature because of the participation of contact employees and customers during delivery, the performance and quality of service are hard to define and measure compared to physical products. Since Booms and Bitner(1981), service delivery process has been interested in service performance management and studied by many researchers to identify its important components. However, some of them have concentrated in the design of service delivery system by manger such as Booms and Bitner(1981), Shostack(1987), Lovelock(1992) and Heskett et al.(1993), on the other hand others have concentrated in process quality as a part of service quality such as Grönroos(1984), Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry(1988) and Brady and Cronin(2001).
This study broadly investigated the most common components of service delivery process and indicated two different viewpoint regarding to the components of service delivery process. This study classifies systematically those components as two parts, structural essential components which is designed by management and variable expressive components which is inherently variable in nature because of the characteristics of service which involve peoples' participation during delivery process. And it also propose that variable expressive components are more related to the customers' perception of service encounter satisfaction.
Because of the comparative importance of expressive components which is more related to service encounter perception, proposed variable components and hypothesized relationship were empirically tested by confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS 5.0 at hotel check-in process which shows high contact and interaction between customers and contact employees.
Empirical results showed that the real existence of expressive components which composed of 6 variable components of service delivery process including employee effort, empathy, reliability, employee appearance, process time and customer participation in important order and showed strong effects on customers' encounter satisfaction. This result strongly supported proposed expressive components of service delivery process in this study.
Since this study indicated mixed and unclarified problem of existing service delivery process literature and systematically classified the components of service delivery process into two parts through conceptual investigation and the empirical test of variable components, it will be helpful for service manager who consider service delivery process how to design and how to control. It further may contribute to service quality research as attributes of process quality.
A Modern Approach to the Muae Tea
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kim Jung-Shin , Jun Jae-Boon
Published: June 2018

The Muae ideas were originated by Wonhyo the great Buddhist priest who had always tried to amend the evils of the nobility-Buddhism and to alleviate burdens of publics suffering affliction. Later on it not only developed as ideas itself but induced a sublime practice that soothing the publics' mind having hatred for others and caring for self-consolation of publics' fatigue and ordeal life. The Muae ideas also brought forth a new form of tea ceremony called Muae tea. Muae tea, unlike other ceremonies, has no formality and all the people shares tea in a bowl in turns. The informality and sharing all together reflects fairness of all people and being one mind without having distrust of others just like Muae ideas.
The history of tea checks back to the three kingdom ear. The way of having tea at this time was simple Paengda. Grind a lump of tea leaves roughly with stone grind, simply put it in large stoneware with water and boil it and then have tea with small tea cup or bowl. Another record in the times of Koryeo reveals that new ways of having tea, powder tea and tick tea are emerged at that time. Unlike previous era, first of all, grind tea leaves finely with tea grinder until it turns into powder, secondly dilute tea powders with a little of boiled water, and then we can have a new type of tea, thick powder tea. Unfortunately the practice having thick tea got decayed gradually after the war against Japanese invasion in the times of Chosun. Ironically, the thick tea culture transferred to Japan was keep succeeded and developed up to this day and the forgotten thick tea was re-introduced to us in reverse, making us misunderstand it as a traditional Japanese tea. However its root is definitely at Wonhyo's Muae ideas. Japanese monks who had high regards on Wonhyo transferred and developed it by themselves.
A modernized way of enjoying Muae tea is make and share thick tea with several people. Put tea powder in a large tea bowl and then the people participating in the ceremony stir the tea in turns with their devotion. Thanks to long period of stirring with devotion, savor becomes even deeper and softer, color becomes much deeper, and it sheds spring-like sweet scent. Muae tea has been enjoyed among the disciples studied together for a long time under a same mentor or among best friends when they gather and remind the teachings from mentor or make a resolve for their future. After having Muae tea, they eat confectionary dip into the left-over tea or eat the left-over tea with variable additives such as honey, pine pollen or flowers along with pleasant chat.
It has an important meaning that Muae tea as old as time has its root at Wonhyo's sublime ideas and has been succeeded and maintained well and thereby, is able to be reinterpreted and reborn with appearance of the modern.
A Study on the Advanced Planning Process of the Basic Convergence Research and Development in the Perspectives of National Technology Strategy: Based on the Practice Analysis of EU, Japan, US
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Ahn Yeon-Sik
Published: June 2018

This study is to suggest the advanced strategy for planning stage of basic convergence research and development in the strategic perspectives of Korean government and public side. At first, we review the current status and trend of research and development about convergence technology at the developed country for example EU, US and Japan. In these leading countries, we can find that their various efforts are focusing to enlarge the effect of research and development about convergence technology and to set themselves the leading and positioning commitment of global society.
In this study, the achieved status and limitation of convergence research and development in Korea is described, and then the advanced planning process of convergence research and development and infrastructure reconstruction are suggested for maximization for the effect of research and development. The planning process of research and development programs is very important because it contains the key process which decides on the success or fail of them such as, strategic goal and direction setting of R&D, key competence evaluation and measurement of organizations, investigation of technical demand, searching and inducing the research and development programs, the initial planning including the industry and patent analysis, project screening, and, project decision and budgeting. Also the basic research and development about technology convergence is important which stage is sprouting phase globally and influence effects on the industry and application areas can be propagated on the various territories. The major suggestion items of policy framework establishment and management are the preemption of the strategic convergence research areas and the enhancement for planning and searching/evaluation of research program. And these of convergence research infrastructure construction are consisted of research organization, research basement, and disciplinary education system. At the conclusion, these suggestions was summarized and discussed with expecting to adopt these results for policy making and consecutive study.
The Development Status and the Safeguard System of Individual Business in China
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Chen Zhi , Cho Dong-Je
Published: June 2018

In China, individual business has grown as a separate social class, which has developed into an considerable important force that promote the rapid development of the social production. Looking back on the development course of Chinese individual business, the generation and expansion of it is basically synchronous with the establishment and soundness of Chinese market economy system. During this period the individual business there has been inthe slow development of the state, and even has paused at some stage in depression, but generally speaking, China's individual business complying with the laws of the market lived the test of the market and expanded through a rough time. The generation and expansion of Chinese individual business proved: the market economy needs of individual business, and individual business is inseparable from the market economy soil.
Individual business, as an independent market entity, has unreplaced market functions contrasting against others and a tenacious ability to adapt the laws of the market. It is no exaggeration to say that, if there is no individual business as a independent entity in the system of Chinese market entity, the pluralistic system of market entity would not be sound and the market would not be dynamic. Based on this understanding, China has established the legal status of individual business and builtlegal systems maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of the individual business, which pointed out the direction for the healthy development of individual business and provided legal guarantee.
However, with China's market economy system getting healthier and the competition among market entities intensifying, how would Chinese individual business adjust to new economic environment? How would it play unique market functions continuously? How would it protect their own market interests? When a series of new situations , new problems, and new challenges emerge, new topics come out that Chinese government how to complete its safeguard system of the individual business.
Safety Effects of Human Resource Management: Evidence from the U.S. Workers Compensation System
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Park Yong-Seoung , Moon Jae-Young
Published: June 2018

This study is to suggest the advanced strategy for planning stage of basic convergence research and development in the strategic perspectives of Korean government and public side. At first, we review the current status and trend of research and development about convergence technology at the developed country for example EU, US and Japan. In these leading countries, we can find that their various efforts are focusing to enlarge the effect of research and development about convergence technology and to set themselves the leading and positioning commitment of global society.
In this study, the achieved status and limitation of convergence research and development in Korea is described, and then the advanced planning process of convergence research and development and infrastructure reconstruction are suggested for maximization for the effect of research and development. The planning process of research and development programs is very important because it contains the key process which decides on the success or fail of them such as, strategic goal and direction setting of R&D, key competence evaluation and measurement of organizations, investigation of technical demand, searching and inducing the research and development programs, the initial planning including the industry and patent analysis, project screening, and, project decision and budgeting. Also the basic research and development about technology convergence is important which stage is sprouting phase globally and influence effects on the industry and application areas can be propagated on the various territories. The major suggestion items of policy framework establishment and management are the preemption of the strategic convergence research areas and the enhancement for planning and searching/evaluation of research program. And these of convergence research infrastructure construction are consisted of research organization, research basement, and disciplinary education system. At the conclusion, these suggestions was summarized and discussed with expecting to adopt these results for policy making and consecutive study.
The Effects of the Hospital Information System on the Hospital Strategy, Customer Satisfaction and the Hospital Performance
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Kang Joo-Hun
Published: June 2018

This research is to investigate, through causal relationship, how the Hospital Information System affects the hospital strategy, employee satisfaction, patient management, work process, and the performance of the hospital.
In the past, the information system focused on manufacturing companies that were specialized and technical in their fields, and was used mainly for work improvement, strategy and customer satisfaction, but service companies were not able to take advantage of various techniques employed by manufacturing companies because of the difficulty in getting standardized data. But these days, the information system applies to a wide range of service companies as well, because the collecting of various data has been made easier due to the advancement of information technology, such as the Automatic Identification System (AIS), the Hospital Management System and others. In the case of hospitals, in particular, there have been a lot of improvements with the short-term and long-term strategy, customer (patient) satisfaction, and work process due to the information system. Therefore, the information systems of five national mental hospitals in South Korea have been studied to understand how the Hospital Information System affects the hospital strategy, employee satisfaction, work process and the performance of the hospital. The findings are that the Hospital Information System appears to have a positive effect on the employee satisfaction, hospital strategy, patient management and the work process. Thus it can be said that the Hospital Information System these days contributes greatly to the development of the hospitals with a positive effect on both in-customers (employee) and out-customers (patients) of the hospital. Its effect on customer satisfaction, especially, is one of the biggest. It, therefore, can be said that the HIS can be effectively used not only for medical treatment, but also for various administrative works. The following findings are the effects on the hospital strategy. The system helps the hospital survive in the competitive market by providing necessary information for critical decision-making. Using such an information system also appears to have an effect on patient management, thereby indirectly affecting the performance of the hospital. The system is also found to have a positive effect on the employment, strategy, work process and patient management as well. So it is concluded that the findings are the same as those of existing studies in that the satisfaction of each internal element of the hospital eventually affects the level of patient satisfaction. Finally, the patient management and work process are concluded to have an effect on the business performance of the hospital.
Die Schutzfähigkeit im deutschen Patentrecht
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Choi Sang-Pil
Published: June 2018

A person shall be entitled to a patent unless the invention was known or used by others in country, or patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country, before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent, or the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in country, more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent in country, or he has abandoned the invention, or the invention was first patented or caused to be patented, or was the subject of an inventor’s certificate, by the applicant or his legal representatives or assigns in a foreign country prior to the date of the application for patent in country on an application for patent or inventor’s certificate filed more than twelve months before the filing of the application in country.
A patent may not be obtained though the invention is not identically disclosed or described as set forth in Patent Law, if the differences between the subject matter sought to be patented and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a whole would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which said subject matter pertains. Patentability shall not be negatived by the manner in which the invention was made.
Inventions have to be new and progressive so that patents can be granted to. That is to say, inventions should not be something to be invented with old and outdated technical methods. Therefore, inventions, in connection with the grant of patents, need to be reviewed in the field of technology. Under German Patent Law, new inventions have to satisfy the conditions of patents that are stated in article 1, section 1 of Patent Law and the concepts and contents of the conditions are described in detail in the subsequent article 3 of German Patent Law .
The conditions of patent granting under article 29 of Korean Patent Law, namely industrial utility, novelty, progressivity correspond with the conditions of article 1, section 1 of German Patent Law. However, there do not exist Korean regulations in accord with article 3 of German Patent Law. Accordingly, difficulty of establishing the specific standards for interpretation of these conditions occurs in process of reviewing patent applications. Therefore, individual regulations for the relevant conditions have to be enacted so as to judge consistently whether the patent applications meet the conditions of patent granting and in this point of view, it is thought that article 3 of German Patent Law can provide a model.