bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorption mode Fourier transform mass spectrometry with no baseline correction using a novel asymmetric apodization function
Authors: Kilgour David P. A. , Van Orden Steven L.
Published: April 2015

Rationale

Absorption mode Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectra offer significant benefits in terms of spectral resolution, signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio and measured mass accuracy. However, to date, methods for producing absorption mode spectra have created an undesirable baseline deviation as a consequence of FFT artifacts, resulting in interference of the frequency side‐lobes of intense peaks. Methods for fitting and removing this deviation have been developed, but these are computationally intensive, slow and can be unreliable in practice.

Methods

We have developed an approach for producing FTICR mass spectra which uses a new apodization approach to produce spectra which do not exhibit baseline deviation, whilst maintaining all the normal absorption mode benefits. This method involves the use of 'full' apodization function, replacing the more common Hann or half Hann functions, and where the user can control the position of the function maximum expressed as a fraction (F) of the transient length.

Results

Absorption mode spectra produced using the new apodization function we propose provide all the normal benefits but do not exhibit baseline deviation that must be corrected prior to spectral interpretation. Additionally, varying the value of the F parameter allows users additional control over the compromise between the spectral resolving power and the S/N ratio. This is particularly beneficial in spectra with pronounced amplitude changes during the recording of the transient (detection).

Conclusions

The use of a 'full' apodization function, which may be asymmetric, prior to zero‐padding and Fourier transformation, allows the production of absorption mode spectra which do not suffer from baseline deviation. Hence, it is no longer necessary to apply a baseline deviation correction in post processing, providing a significant performance advantage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic force microscopy force‐distance curves with small amplitude ultrasonic modulation
Authors: Ma Chengfu , Chen Yuhang , Wang Tian , Chu Jiaru
Published: April 2015

Force‐distance curves were acquired on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) specimen and a gold film specimen under ultrasonic modulation in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Measurements demonstrated that small amplitude ultrasonic oscillation of either the cantilever or the sample has significant impacts on the characteristics of force‐distance curves. With the increase of excitation amplitude, the apparent pull‐off force decreased gradually and the hysteresis between the approach and retraction curves reduced significantly. Furthermore, the decrease of the pull‐off force was determined to be also relevant to the excitation frequency. With the assistance of contact resonance spectra, the pull‐off force was verified to have a near‐linear relationship with the cantilever contact oscillation amplitude. Theoretical analysis and subsequent numerical simulations well interpreted the experimental results. The emergence of large oscillating contact forces under ultrasonic modulation altered the force‐distance curves, and such a mechanism was ascertained by further ultrasonic AFM imaging. SCANNING 37:284–293, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative and qualitative behavior analysis of a DFIG wind energy conversion system by a wind gust and converter faults
Authors: Giaourakis Dimitrios G. , Safacas Athanasios N.
Published: April 2015

A wind gust can cause severe dynamic conditions that affect the operational behavior of the whole doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system and, as a result, the quality of power exchanged with the grid. In addition, it can cause great disturbances to critical system's variables with possible damages to the system's construction—to mechanical or electrical part. The knowledge of DFIG reaction in such conditions is useful for both protection issues and the risk assessment concerning system's tolerance, maintenance costs and revenue losses, because of the disconnection from the grid. In this paper, a quantitative and qualitative behavior analysis of a 2 MW DFIG wind energy conversion system under a wind gust and converter faults, which has been carried out via simulation, is presented. The pitch controller parameters impact to its behavior, when a gust appears, has been investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio Augments CA 19‐9 as a Predictor of Malignancy in Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis
Authors: Rammohan Ashwin , Cherukuri Sathya D. , Palaniappan Ravichandran , Perumal Senthil Kumar , Sathyanesan Jeswanth , Govindan Manoharan
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Differentiating inflammatory from malignant head mass in the background of chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP) is difficult, and there is no investigation which can reliably solve this dilemma. An accurate diagnosis is crucial as the treatment is different for the two cases and a failure to identify malignancy before surgery can be disastrous. We aimed to assess the accuracy of platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and to compare it with CA 19‐9 in determining the nature of pancreatic head mass (PHM).

Materials and methods

Eighty‐three patients, who presented with CCP and PHM between 2005 and 2011, were included in the study. Patients identified to have malignancy underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, while those deemed to have a benign lesion underwent Frey’s procedure. Clinical features of both the groups were compared. CA 19‐9 and PLR individually and in combination were compared in both groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the predictive values of CA 19‐9 and PLR individually and together.

Results

Histologically, 66.3 % had an inflammatory head mass and 33.7 % had a malignant head mass. Significant clinical features which predicted a malignancy included the presence of a head mass in CCP of tropics, older age, jaundice, sudden worsening abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, and significant weight loss. Sensitivity and specificity of CA 19‐9 and PLR in diagnosing malignancy were similar (85.5 vs. 81.2 and 96.4 vs. 92.8 %, respectively), on combining CA 19‐9 and PLR, there was an improvement in sensitivity (94.5 %).

Conclusion

PLR is at least as good as CA 19‐9 as a diagnostic marker to differentiate between malignant and inflammatory head mass in CCP. When used together, PLR improves the predictive value of serum CA 19‐9.
Clinical and genetic characterisation of infantile liver failure syndrome type 1, due to recessive mutations in LARS
Authors: Casey Jillian P. , Slattery Suzanne , Cotter Melanie , Monavari A. A. , Knerr Ina , Hughes Joanne , Treacy Eileen P. , Devaney Deirdre , McDermott Michael , Laffan Eoghan , Wong Derek , Lynch Sally Ann , Bourke Billy , Crushell Ellen
Published: April 2015

Background

Recessive LARS mutations were recently reported to cause a novel syndrome, infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1), in six Irish Travellers. We have since identified four additional patients, including one of Ashkenazi origin, representing the largest ILFS1 cohort to date. Our study aims to define the ILFS1 clinical phenotype to help guide diagnosis and patient management.

Methods

We clinically evaluated and reviewed the medical records of ten ILFS1 patients. Clinical features, histopathology and natural histories were compared and patient management strategies reviewed.

Results

Early failure to thrive, recurrent liver dysfunction, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and seizures were present in all patients. Most patients (90 %) had developmental delay. Encephalopathic episodes triggered by febrile illness have occurred in 80 % and were fatal in two children. Two patients are currently >28 years old and clinically well. Leucine supplementation had no appreciable impact on patient well‐being. However, we suggest that the traditional management of reducing/stopping protein intake in patients with metabolic hepatopathies may not be appropriate for ILFS1. We currently recommend ensuring sufficient natural protein intake when unwell.

Conclusions

We report the first non‐Irish ILFS1 patient, suggesting ILFS1 may be more extensive than anticipated. Low birth weight, early failure to thrive, anemia and hypoalbuminemia are amongst the first presenting features, with liver dysfunction before age 1. Episodic hepatic dysfunction is typically triggered by febrile illness, and becomes less severe with increasing age. While difficult to anticipate, two patients are currently >28 years old, suggesting that survival beyond childhood may be associated with a favourable long‐term prognosis.
Incidental Signal Changes in the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris on MRI
Authors: Kuntz Michael T. , Janssen Stein J. , Ring David
Published: April 2015

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) commonly finds musculoskeletal abnormalities incidental to the reason for ordering the test. The purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) signal changes on MRI varies between patients undergoing upper extremity MRI for assessment of clinically suspected ECU tendinopathy and those undergoing upper extremity MRI for other indications. Our secondary null hypotheses were that the prevalence of ECU signal changes on MRI does not vary based on patient age or sex and that the prevalence of ECU signal changes on MRI does not vary among other indications for MRI.

Methods

We searched MRI reports of all patients undergoing MRI of the hand, wrist, or arm at our institution between 2001 and 2014 for signal changes in the ECU. The medical record was reviewed to determine the indication for the MRI and the presence of clinically suspected ECU tendinopathy.

Results

ECU signal changes (overall prevalence of 13 %) were more common in patients undergoing MRI for a working clinical diagnosis of ECU tendinopathy or ulnar-sided wrist pain compared to patients evaluated for nonspecific pain and other indications. Age was independently associated with ECU signal changes on MRI. MRI signal changes are uncommonly associated with symptomatic tendinopathy (low positive predictive value).

Conclusions

ECU signal changes on MRI are common and often asymptomatic.
Effect of Electrolytes and Correlations for Salinities at the Optimum Formulation of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Microemulsions
Authors: Liu Huie , Yuan Ying , Ding Chuanqin , Chen Shuang , Qi Xuanliang
Published: April 2015

The influences of different kinds of electrolytes on sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate microemulsions were investigated in this work. Electrolyte cations had a strong influence on the microemulsion phase behavior. The higher the valence of the cation was, the stronger the influence of the electrolyte on the microemulsion phase inversion and the higher the optimum solubilization parameters, ordered as AlCl3 > MgCl2 > NH4Cl > KCl > NaCl. The anion in electrolytes showed a relatively weak influence. The influences of anions with equal valence are almost the same for sodium salts, and a lower valence had a stronger impact on microemulsion phase inversion, ordered as Cl− > CO32− = SO42− > PO43−. The change of anions in sodium salts had little influence on the optimum solubilization parameters
, all in the range of 5.301 ± 0.105 goil/gsurfactant. The efficiency ratio of electrolytes was defined based on the cationic charge concentration in mol/l. The efficiency ratios for electrolytes with monovalent cations were inversely proportional to (1 + Zi), where Zi is the anion valence, but this was not true for electrolytes with higher valence cations. For a microemulsion using electrolyte mixtures, the efficiency ratio shows a linear relationship with that of the component salts and the composition of the mixture.
Triacylglycerol Estolides, a New Class of Mammalian Lipids, in the Paracloacal Gland of the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: McLean Stuart , Davies Noel W. , Nichols David S. , McLeod Bernie J.
Published: April 2015

The paracloacal glands are the most prevalent scent glands in marsupials, and previous investigation of their secretions in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has identified many odorous compounds together with large amounts of neutral lipids. We have examined the lipids by LC–MS, generating ammonium adducts of acylglycerols by electrospray ionisation. Chromatograms showed a complex mixture of coeluting acylglycerols, with m/z from about 404 to 1048. Plots of single [M + NH4]+ ions showed three groups of lipids clearly separated by retention time. MS–MS enabled triacylglycerols and diacylglycerol ethers to be identified from neutral losses and formation of diacylglycerols and other product ions. The earliest‐eluting lipids were found to be triacylglycerol estolides, in which a fourth fatty acid forms an ester link with a hydroxy fatty acid attached to the glycerol chain. This is the first report of triacylglycerol estolides in animals. They form a complex mixture with the triacylglycerols and diacylglycerol ethers of lipids with short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation. This complexity suggests a functional role, possibly in social communication.
Strengthening or Weakening? The Impact of Universal Health Insurance on Intergenerational Coresidence in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Hsin-Ling , Chou Shin-Yi , Liu Echu , Lien Hsien-Ming
Published: April 2015

In this article, we exploit a unique natural experiment—the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan in 1995—to examine how the introduction of universal health insurance increases or decreases the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence. Five waves of surveys from the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan between 1989 and 2003 are employed, and models with various specifications are estimated. Our results indicate a mixed relationship between the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence and the enactment of NHI. Although NHI on average reduces the probability that elderly parents live with their adult children by approximately 6.6 %, the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence increases among families benefiting most from NHI, such as those with unhealthy elderly mothers and fewer children.
Self-similar solutions with fat tails for Smoluchowski's coagulation equation with singular kernels
Authors: Velázquez J.J.L. , Niethammer B. , Throm S.
Published: April 2015

We show the existence of self-similar solutions with fat tails for Smoluchowski's coagulation equation for homogeneous kernels satisfying

C_{1}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right) \leq K\left(x,y\right) \leq C_{2}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right)

with

a > 0

and

b < 1

. This covers especially the case of Smoluchowski's classical kernel

K(x,y) = (x^{1/ 3} + y^{1/ 3})(x^{−1/ 3} + y^{−1/ 3})

.

For the proof of existence we take a self-similar solution

h_{\varepsilon }

for a regularized kernel

K_{\varepsilon }

and pass to the limit

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

to obtain a solution for the original kernel

K

. The main difficulty is to establish a uniform lower bound on

h_{\varepsilon }

. The basic idea for this is to consider the time-dependent problem and to choose a special test function that solves the dual problem.

Nous démontrons l'existence des solutions auto-similaires avec queues lourdes pour l'équation de coagulation de Smoluchowski avec un noyau

K

satisfaisant

C_{1}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right) \leq K\left(x,y\right) \leq C_{2}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right)

avec

a > 0

et

b < 1

. Cela contient en particulier le noyau classique de Smoluchowski

K(x,y) = (x^{1/ 3} + y^{1/ 3})(x^{−1/ 3} + y^{−1/ 3})

.

Pour la démonstration de l'existence nous prenons une solution auto-similaire

h_{\varepsilon }

pour un noyau régularisé

K_{\varepsilon }

et nous obtenons une solution pour le noyau original

K

en passant à la limite

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

. La difficulté principale consiste à établir une borne inférieure pour

h_{\varepsilon }

. La clé ici est de considérer le problème dépendant du temps et choisir une solution du problème dual comme fonction test dans la formulation faible de l'équation auto-similaire.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of bamboo salt and sodium fluoride in human gingival fibroblasts–An in vitro study
Authors: Lee Hye‐Jin , Choi Choong‐Ho
Published: April 2015

Dental caries preventive agents, such as sodium fluoride (NaF) and bamboo salt (BS), are known to cause cellular growth that is characterized by morphological and gene expression changes. This study was designed to investigate the dual effect of NaF and BS on interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced gingival inflammation. Under in vitro experimental conditions, exposure to a subcytotoxic dose of IL‐1β enhanced human gingival fibroblast inflammation, as characterized by increased levels of inflammation‐associated proteins. A combination of NaF and BS significantly protected fibroblasts from IL‐1β‐induced cellular deterioration. Exposure to NaF and BS induced the cell growth and no changes in viability were found with the Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (LDH) assay at the NaF and BS concentration analyzed. Molecular analysis demonstrated that NaF and BS increased resistance to inflammation by reduction of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production. In addition, NaF and BS decreased the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF‐α mRNA in IL‐1β‐induced human gingival fibroblast cells. The study identifies a new role for NaF and BS in the IL‐1β‐induced inflammation of gingival fibroblasts and provides a potential target for gingival protection.
CREDIBILITY CLAIMS RESERVING WITH STOCHASTIC DIAGONAL EFFECTS
Authors: Bühlmann Hans , Moriconi Franco
Published: April 2015

An interesting class of stochastic claims reserving methods is given by the models with conditionally independent loss increments (CILI), where the incremental losses are conditionally independent given a risk parameter Θi,j depending on both the accident year i and the development year j. The Bühlmann–Straub credibility reserving (BSCR) model is a particular case of a CILI model where the risk parameter is only depending on i. We consider CILI models with additive diagonal risk (ADR), where the risk parameter is given by the sum of two components, one depending on the accident year i and the other depending on the calendar year t = i + j. The model can be viewed as an extension of the BSCR model including random diagonal effects, which are often declared to be important in loss reserving but rarely are specifically modeled. We show that the ADR model is tractable in closed form, providing credibility formulae for the reserve and the mean square error of prediction (MSEP). We also derive unbiased estimators for the variance parameters which extend the classical Bühlmann–Straub estimators. The results are illustrated by a numerical example and the estimators are tested by simulation. We find that the inclusion of random diagonal effects can be significant for the reserve estimates and, especially, for the evaluation of the MSEP. The paper is written with the purpose of illustrating the role of stochastic diagonal effects. To isolate these effects, we assume that the development pattern is given. In particular, our MSEP values do not include the uncertainty due to the estimation of the development pattern.
Use of computed tomography and mechanical CPR in cardiac arrest to confirm pulmonary embolism: a case study
Authors: Schubert Elaine Catrin , Kanz Karl-Georg , Linsenmaier Ulrich , Bogner Viktoria , Wirth Stefan , Angstwurm Matthias
Published: April 2015

Precise therapeutic decision-making is vital in managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We present an interesting approach where suspected pulmonary embolism could be confirmed by early computed tomography in cardiac arrest. Chest compressions were performed automatically by mechanical devices also during the acquisition of computed tomography data and subsequent thrombolysis.
University Hospital Struck Deaf and Silent by Lightning: Lessons to Learn
Authors: Dami Fabrice , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Yersin Bertrand , Hugli Olivier
Published: April 2015

We describe how an electromagnetic wave after a lightning strike affected a university hospital, including the communication shutdown that followed, the way it was handled, and the lessons learned from this incident. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:440–443)
The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Depression: An Examination of the Moderating Effects of Gender, Age, and Weight Status in a Sample of Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Chen Gui , Guo Guiping , Gong Jingbo , Xiao Shuiyuan
Published: April 2015

The current study investigated the moderating effects of gender, age, and weight status on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and depression among adolescents. Data were collected on body dissatisfaction, depression, and demographic characteristics from a convenience sample of 1,101 adolescents (505 girls, 596 boys). The relationship between body dissatisfaction and depression differed significantly by weight status (β = −0.318, p < .01), but not gender or age. In addition, their association varied across weight status only in males (βs = 0.501, 0.240, and 0.178 for underweight, normal weight, and overweight respectively, ps < .05) and the early adolescence group (βs = 0.523, 0.282, 0.297 for underweight, normal weight, and overweight respectively, ps < .01). The findings indicated that the association of body dissatisfaction with depression was significant among nearly all weight-status groups of adolescents, and varied across weight status among males and early adolescence groups. This suggests that the prevention programs that aim to reduce depression by reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents should include all weight-status groups, and pay close attention to underweight adolescents (especially underweight boys and early adolescents who are underweight).
AVerbeekinaassemblage (Permian fusulinid) from the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China
Authors: Huang Hao , Jin Xiaochi , Shi Yukun
Published: April 2015

A newly discoveredVerbeekinaassemblage from the Xiaoxinzhai Section in the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China, provides additional data for better understanding fusulinid biostratigraphy and the thermal condition of middle Permian (Guadalupian) seawater of this block. This assemblage comprises 11 species of six genera, includingVerbeekina,Pseudodoliolina,Sumatrina,Yangchienia,Xiaoxinzhaiella, and ?Rugosochusenella. The age of this assemblage is considered to be Midian (approximately Capitanian), based on combined evidence of stratigraphic position and specific composition. Furthermore, this assemblage bears two unusual attributes: overwhelming dominance ofVerbeekinaand relatively low total diversity, compared with coeval fusulinids from South China, which represents a paleo-tropical setting during the middle Permian. These features indicate that the Baoshan Block was probably located in a subtropical setting with warm water during the Midian time; however, its water temperature was still not as optimal as the tropical area (e.g., South China) for the diversification of fusulinids.
Geochronology, geochemistry, and geological implications of late Carboniferous – early Permian mafic and felsic intrusive rocks from Urad Zhongqi, western Inner Mongolia
Authors: WANG YINGDE , SUN FENGYUE , LI LIANG , LI RUIHUA , WANG JIAN , XIN WEI
Published: April 2015

The mafic and felsic Haertaolegai intrusions crop out in Urad Zhongqi, western Inner Mongolia and are dominated by monzogranite, porphyritic granite, and gabbroic diorite intrusions. We investigate the tectonic setting, geochronology, and anorogenic characteristics of the western Inner Mongolia through field investigation, microscopic and geochemical analyses of samples from the Haertaolegai bimodal intrusions and laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb dating of gabbroic diorite and adakitic granites. Petrographic and geochemical studies of the bimodal intrusions indicate that the gabbroic diorites formed from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of lithospheric mantle material that had previously been modified by subduction-related fluids. The felsic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous, have characteristics of adakitic rocks and were generated during the partial melting of juvenile crustal material. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the felsic portion of this pluton was emplaced during late Carboniferous – early Permian time, with the mafic portion of the pluton emplaced during early Permian time. The zircons of adamellites have ɛHf(t) values andTDM2ages of +1.0 to +2.7 and 1032–1128 Ma, respectively, suggesting that they formed from magmas generated by partial melting of juvenile Mesoproterozoic lower crust. These data, combined with the geology of the region, indicate that the late Carboniferous – early Permian bimodal intrusive rocks in western Inner Mongolia record a transitional period from collisional compression to post-collisional extension. These results indicate that the Paleo-Asian Ocean in western Inner Mongolia closed before 300 Ma.
A COMMENT ON TARA POVEY’S REVIEW OF THE POLITICS OF STATE INTERVENTION: GENDER POLITICS IN PAKISTAN, AFGHANISTAN, AND IRAN (IJMES 46 [2014]: 838–40)
Authors: Burki Shireen K.
Published: April 2015

Tara Povey's review of my book, The Politics of State Intervention: Gender Politics in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran (Lanham, Md.: Lexington Press, 2013) in IJMES 46:4 misrepresents my comparative work on the gender politics of three Muslim-majority neighboring states whose territory invading Arab armies during the early Islamic period called “Khurasan.” The Safavid Empire encompassed modern-day Iran (known as “Persia” until 1935), Afghanistan, and the southwestern portion of present-day Pakistan. The Afsharid Empire, based out of Isfahan, also included this vast territory; its hegemonic ambitions led to military expeditions to wrest control of the entire Indian subcontinent to the east from the Turkic Mughals, which included the sacking of Delhi by Nadir Shah in 1739. Thus, these contemporary states have historical linkages with shared cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious characteristics across what some citizens (Kurds, Baluch, and Pashtuns, for example) perceive as artificial—albeit internationally recognized—borders.
Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Wannamethee S. Goya , Atkins Janice L.
Published: April 2015

This paper reviews the health implications of obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on CVD and mortality in older adults and discusses the obesity paradox seen in patients with CVD. Obesity is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. It is an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. However, there is controversy surrounding the effects of obesity as measured by BMI in older people, and overweight and obesity (BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m2) are apparently associated with increased survival in those with CVD (obesity paradox). Ageing is associated with an increase in visceral fat and a progressive loss of muscle mass which have opposing effects on mortality. Thus BMI is not a good indicator of obesity in older adults. Sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a major concern in ageing populations and has been associated with metabolic impairment, CVD risk factors, physical disability and mortality. Sarcopenia often coexists with obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is a new category of obesity in older adults who have high adiposity coupled with low muscle mass. To fully understand the effect of obesity on mortality in the elderly it is important to take muscle mass into account. The evidence suggests that sarcopenia with obesity may be associated with higher levels of metabolic disorders and an increased risk of mortality than obesity or sarcopenia alone. Efforts to promote healthy ageing should focus on both preventing obesity and maintaining or increasing muscle mass.
Revisiting the Debate on Constructing a Theory of International Relations with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Noesselt Nele
Published: April 2015

After decades of policy learning and adoption of “Western” theories of international politics, the Chinese academic community has (re-)turned to the construction of a “Chinese” theory framework. This article examines the recent academic debates on theory with “Chinese characteristics” and sheds light on their historical and philosophical foundations. It argues that the search for a “Chinese” paradigm of international relations theory is part of China's quest for national identity and global status. As can be concluded from the analysis of these debates, “Chinese” theories of international politics are expected to fulfil two general functions – to safeguard China's national interests and to legitimize the one-party system.
An empirical understanding of use of internal analogies in conceptual design
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Chakrabarti Amaresh , Lindemann Udo
Published: April 2015

Internal analogies are created if the knowledge of source domain is obtained only from the cognition of designers. In this paper, an understanding of the use of internal analogies in conceptual design is developed by studying: the types of internal analogies; the roles of internal analogies; the influence of design problems on the creation of internal analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of internal analogies; the levels of abstraction at which internal analogies are searched in target domain, identified in source domain, and realized in the target domain; and the effect of internal analogies from the natural and artificial domains on the solution space created using these analogies. To facilitate this understanding, empirical studies of design sessions from earlier research, each involving a designer solving a design problem by identifying requirements and developing conceptual solutions, without using any support, are used. The following are the important findings: designers use analogies from the natural and artificial domains; analogies are used for generating requirements and solutions; the nature of the design problem influences the use of analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of analogies is not clearly ascertained; analogical transfer is observed only at few levels of abstraction while many levels remain unexplored; and analogies from the natural domain seem to have more positive influence than the artificial domain on the number of ideas and variety of idea space.
Preconditioning
Authors: Wathen A. J.
Published: April 2015

The computational solution of problems can be restricted by the availability of solution methods for linear(ized) systems of equations. In conjunction with iterative methods, preconditioning is often the vital component in enabling the solution of such systems when the dimension is large. We attempt a broad review of preconditioning methods.
Crime, violence, and behavioral health: collaborative community strategies for risk mitigation
Authors: Pinals Debra A.
Published: April 2015

Criminal conduct is not always violent, and violence does not always lead to criminal charges. Moreover, crime and violence have multifaceted etiologies. Most violence in society is not attributable to mental illness. Where there is a small relationship between violence and mental illness, the risk of violence increases for individuals with substance use histories. Underlying trauma can also play a role. Antisocial attitudes, behaviors, and peer groups further increase the risk that individuals, including those with mental illness, will find themselves at risk of criminal recidivism. Criminal histories among public mental health populations, and mental health and substance use disorders among criminal populations are each higher than general population comparisons. Care within behavioral health settings should therefore target decreased criminal recidivism and decreased violence as part of recovery for those individuals at risk, using trauma-informed approaches and peer supports. Interventions that show promise bring criminal justice and behavioral health systems together, and include police-based diversion, specialty courts, court-based alternatives to incarceration, and coordinated re-entry programs. This article reviews these options along with specific risk management strategies, such as using risk, needs, and responsivity factors as a means of improving overall outcomes for persons with mental illness, while minimizing their risk of further criminalization and victimization.
The organization of Microwave Engineering by professional institutions in Europe, in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Vander Vorst André
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this paper is twofold. It first describes how Microwaves were progressively organized by Professional Engineering Institutions in Europe in the years 1960–2000, essentially through individual efforts over many years. The first formal Microwave event organized in Europe was the European Microwave Conference in London, 1969, opening a series that continues as the European Microwave Week. It then shows that, over the same period of time, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), USA, which merged in 1963 with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, USA, to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), also became stronger in Europe. European IRE members developed the structure of the IRE in Western Europe, with a first Regional meeting in Geneva, 1962. The paper illustrates the development of both Microwave Engineering and IRE-IEEE in Europe in the period of time considered, thanks to the commitment of European individuals, some of whom have been active on both counts.
Neutrino oscillation studies with reactors
Authors: Vogel P. , Wen L.J. , Zhang C.
Published: April 2015

Nuclear reactors are one of the most intense, pure, controllable, cost-effective and well-understood sources of neutrinos. Reactors have played a major role in the study of neutrino oscillations, a phenomenon that indicates that neutrinos have mass and that neutrino flavours are quantum mechanical mixtures. Over the past several decades, reactors were used in the discovery of neutrinos, were crucial in solving the solar neutrino puzzle, and allowed the determination of the smallest mixing angle θ13. In the near future, reactors will help to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to solve the puzzling issue of sterile neutrinos.
Ultra-Small, High-Frequency and Substrate-Immune Microtube Inductors Transformed from 2D to 3D
Authors: Yu Xin , Huang Wen , Li Moyang , Comberiate Thomas M. , Gong Songbin , Schutt-Aine Jose E. , Li Xiuling
Published: April 2015

Monolithic on-chip inductors are key passive devices in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). Currently, 70–80% of the on-wafer area of most RFIC chips is occupied by the sprawling planar spiral inductors and its operation frequency is limited to a few GHz. With continuous scaling of the transistor technology, miniaturization and high frequency operation of inductors have become the bottleneck to meet future demands of wireless communication systems. Here we report on-chip self-rolled-up 3D microtube inductors with extremely small footprint, unprecedented high frequency performance and weak dependence on substrate conductivity. The serpentine metal strips are deposited on an oppositely strained silicon nitrides (SiNx) bilayer. After releasing from the sacrificial layer underneath, the metal/SiNx layer is scrolled into a 3D hollow tubular structure by the strain induced unidirectional self-rolled-up technology. Compared to the planar spiral inductors with similar inductances and quality (Q) factors, the footprint of tube inductors is reduced by as much as two orders of magnitude and the frequency at peak Q factor improves more than 5 times on doped substrates. The self-rolled-up 3D nanotechnology platform employed here, that “processes in 2D but functions in 3D”, is positioned to serve as a global solution for extreme RFIC miniaturization with improved performance.
Mass spectrometry tools and workflows for revealing microbial chemistry
Authors: Luzzatto-Knaan Tal , Melnik Alexey V. , Dorrestein Pieter C.
Published: April 2015

This review highlights the available and emerging tools in mass spectrometry for microbial analysis from identification to drug discovery.
Preparation of a poly(3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine-co-propargyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) monolithic column by in situ polymerization and a click reaction for capillary liquid chromatography of small molecules and proteins
Authors: Lin Zian , Yu Ruifang , Hu Wenli , Zheng Jiangnan , Tong Ping , Zhao Hongzhi , Cai Zongwei
Published: April 2015

Combining free radical polymerization with a CuAAC click reaction, a facile approach was developed for the preparation of poly(AZT-co-PMA-co-PETA) monoliths.
A mussel-inspired adhesive with stronger bonding strength under underwater conditions than under dry conditions
Authors: Li Ailei , Mu Youbing , Jiang Wei , Wan Xiaobo
Published: April 2015

Catechol was grafted onto a polyvinylpyrrolidone backbone to mimic mussel adhesive proteins which showed stronger bonding strength underwater than under dry conditions.
A stable fluorinated and alkylated lithium malonatoborate salt for lithium ion battery application
Authors: Wan Shun , Jiang Xueguang , Guo Bingkun , Dai Sheng , Goodenough John B. , Sun Xiao-Guang
Published: April 2015

A new fluorinated and alkylated lithium malonatoborate salt, lithium bis(2-methyl-2-fluoromalonato)borate (LiBMFMB), has been synthesized for lithium ion battery application.
Circularly polarized luminescence of AIE-active chiral O-BODIPYs induced via intramolecular energy transfer
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Wang Yuxiang , Meng Fandian , Dai Chunhui , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: April 2015

Two AIE-active chiral BINOL-based O-BODIPY enantiomers (R/S-5) were synthesized and showed mirror-image red-colour CPL induced via intramolecular energy transfer.
Room temperature stable zinc carbonyl complex formed in zeolite ZSM-5 and its hydrogenation reactivity: a solid-state NMR study
Authors: Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Chu Yueying , Xu Jun , Zheng Anmin , Su Jihu , Chen Jiafu , Wang Chao , Wang Weiyu , Gao Pan , Deng Feng
Published: April 2015

The structure and reactivity of a room temperature stable zinc carbonyl complex in Zn-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite were revealed.
Impacts of electrode potentials and solvents on the electroreduction of CO2: a comparison of theoretical approaches
Authors: Steinmann Stephan N. , Michel Carine , Schwiedernoch Renate , Sautet Philippe
Published: April 2015

Investigating in detail the intrinsic reactivity of CO2 under aprotic conditions highlights the benefit of explicitly including the electrochemical potential into electronic structure computations together with an implicit solvent.
Recent advances in automotive catalysis for NOx emission control by small-pore microporous materials
Authors: Beale A. M. , Gao F. , Lezcano-Gonzalez I. , Peden C. H. F. , Szanyi J.
Published: April 2015

The current understanding of the structure–function relationship of small-pore microporous materials for NH3 selective catalytic reduction of NOx is reviewed.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil derived products: ketones to olefins
Authors: Witsuthammakul Ayut , Sooknoi Tawan
Published: April 2015

A catalytic system designed for mild hydrodeoxygenation of ketones to olefins was investigated. Hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols was accomplished over metal catalysts and the alcohol produced was then dehydrated over acidic catalysts.
Cyclohexane oxidation over AFI molecular sieves: effects of Cr, Co incorporation and crystal size
Authors: Liu Decheng , Zhang Baoquan , Liu Xiufeng , Li Jian
Published: April 2015

An ultra-thin AFI catalyst doped with Cr and Co exhibits enhanced activity in the oxidation of cyclohexane under mild conditions.
Comparative dissolution of electrospun Al2O3 nanofibres in artificial human lung fluids
Authors: Shin Hyeon Ung , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Stojilovic Nenad , Chase George G.
Published: April 2015

This manuscript is one of very few that provides data regarding solubility of ceramic sub-micron fibers.
Estrogen modulation properties of mangiferin and quercetin and the mangiferin metabolite norathyriol
Authors: Wilkinson Ashley S. , Taing Meng-Wong , Pierson Jean Thomas , Lin Chun-Nam , Dietzgen Ralf G. , Shaw P. Nicholas , Gidley Michael J. , Monteith Gregory R. , Roberts-Thomson Sarah J.
Published: April 2015

Mango fruit contain many bioactive compounds, some of which are transcription factor regulators.
Derivatizing l-histidine to develop a novel additive for a polyol-based biolubricant
Authors: Singh Raj K. , Pandey Shubham , Saxena Rakesh C. , Thakre Gananath D. , Atray Neeraj , Ray Siddharth S.
Published: April 2015

A novel histidine Schiff base ester, HSE-A, with excellent solubility in a polyol was used as a multifunctional additive for biolubricants.
3D plasmonic nanobowl platform for the study of exosomes in solution
Authors: Lee Changwon , Carney Randy P. , Hazari Sidhartha , Smith Zachary J. , Knudson Alisha , Robertson Christopher S. , Lam Kit S. , Wachsmann-Hogiu Sebastian
Published: April 2015

Nanobowl substrates are used to capture exosomes for SERS measurements that can provide biochemical analysis of intact and ruptured exosomes.
Graphene-based single fiber supercapacitor with a coaxial structure
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Zheng Bingna , Huang Tieqi , Gao Chao
Published: April 2015

A coaxial graphene single fiber supercapacitor was fabricated through a wet-spinning and dip-coating method, demonstrating good flexibility and high specific capacitance.
Template-free construction of hollow α-Fe2O3 hexagonal nanocolumn particles with an exposed special surface for advanced gas sensing properties
Authors: Sun Linqiang , Han Xiao , Liu Kai , Yin Shan , Chen Qiaoli , Kuang Qin , Han Xiguang , Xie Zhaoxiong , Wang Chao
Published: April 2015

Hollow α-Fe2O3 hexagonal nanocolumn particles (HHCPs) with exposed {101̄0} and {112̄5} facets have been prepared through a hydrothermal method. They exhibited high gas sensing capacity.
Converting 2D inorganic–organic ZnSe–DETA hybrid nanosheets into 3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performances
Authors: Wu Xuan , Xu Rui , Zhu Rongjiao , Wu Rui , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2015

3D hierarchical nanosheet-based ZnSe microspheres with improved photocatalytic performance were synthesized via a facile chemical conversion strategy of 2D inorganic–organic hybrid ZnSe–DETA nanosheets.
BINOL-Al catalysed asymmetric cyclization and amplification: preparation of optically active menthol analogs
Authors: Itoh Hisanori , Maeda Hironori , Yamada Shinya , Hori Yoji , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: April 2015

We report a highly selective asymmetric ring-closing ene reaction catalyzed by chiral aluminum complexes. Asymmetric amplification of this reaction was investigated by varying the ee of the BINOL employed in the catalyst.
Divergent strategy for the synthesis of original dihydrobenzo- and dihydronaphtho-acridines
Authors: Solmont Kathleen , Boufroura Hamza , Souibgui Amel , Fornarelli Pauline , Gaucher Anne , Mahuteau-Betzer Florence , Hassine Béchir Ben , Prim Damien
Published: April 2015

Convenient preparation of dihydrobenzo- and dihydronaphtho-acridines that display various rigidity/flexibility and lipophilic/hydrophilic balances.
Discovery of novel isatin-based sulfonamides with potent and selective inhibition of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII
Authors: Güzel-Akdemir Özlen , Akdemir Atilla , Karalı Nilgün , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: April 2015

A series of 2/3/4-[(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)amino]benzenesulfonamides, obtained from substituted isatins and 2-, 3- or 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide, showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against the tumor associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII.
Facile fabrication of a well-defined poly(p-dioxanone) dynamic network from metallosupramolecular interactions to obtain an excellent shape-memory effect
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Wen Zhibin , Hui Yan , Yang Mengnan , Yang Keke , Zhou Qian , Wang Yuzhong
Published: April 2015

A novel poly(p-dioxanone) dynamic network was fabricated from metallosupramolecular interactions via an elaborate synthetic strategy which shows excellent shape-memory performance.
The leading role of cation–π interactions in polymer chemistry: the control of the helical sense in solution
Authors: Arias Sandra , Freire Félix , Quiñoá Emilio , Riguera Ricardo
Published: April 2015

Cation–π interactions determine the helical sense adopted by a polyphenylacetylene bearing (R)-α-methoxy-α-phenylacetamide as a pendant group (poly-1).
A strategy to enhance overall efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cells with a transparent electrode of nickel sulfide decorated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Ma Xingping , Yue Gentian , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang , Lin Jeng-Yu
Published: April 2015

DSSC with NiS/PEDOT CE and aluminum foil as the reflector, Jsc = 18.19 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.751 V, FF = 0.62, PCE = 8.47%.
Influence of Zn doping on the electrochemical capacitor behavior of MnO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Poonguzhali R. , Shanmugam N. , Gobi R. , Senthilkumar A. , Shanmugam R. , Sathishkumar K.
Published: April 2015

Herein, we suggest a simple chemical precipitation method for the preparation of bare and different levels of Zn doped MnO2 nanoparticles as electrodes for supercapacitors.
Graphene oxide/core–shell structured TiO2@TiO2−x nanocomposites with highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wei Shunhang , Wu Rong , Jian Jikang , Hou Juan , Chen Fengjuan , Ablat Abduleziz , Sun Yanfei
Published: April 2015

Graphene oxide/core–shell structured TiO2@TiO2−x nanocomposites with outstanding photocatalytic performance were prepared by combining graphene oxide and black titania.
Structure, absolute configuration, and conformational study of resorcylic acid derivatives and related congeners from the fungus Penicillium brocae
Authors: Zhang Peng , Meng Ling-Hong , Mándi Attila , Li Xiao-Ming , Kurtán Tibor , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: April 2015

A new resorcylic acid derivative (4) and five new loop-opened resorcylic acid-related congeners (5–9), were identified from the marine mangrove-derived endophytePenicillium brocaeMA-192. All compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals.
Single and double crown macrocyclic derivatives of cyclotriphosphazene as receptors of silver(i) ions
Authors: Gutowska Natalia , Seliger Piotr , Andrijewski Grzegorz , Siwy Mariola , Małecka Magdalena , Kusz Joachim
Published: April 2015

Two new single and double P-pivot lariat ethers have been synthesized and the stability constants of their complexes with silver(i) ions were determined in acetonitrile and methanol solutions.
Structural feature evolution – from fluids to the solid phase – and crystal morphology study of LASSBio 1601: a cyclohexyl-N-acylhydrazone derivative
Authors: Costa Fanny Nascimento , da Silva Tiago F. , Silva Eduardo Miguez B. , Barroso Regina C. R. , Braz Delson , Barreiro Eliezer J. , Lima Lídia Moreira , Punzo Francesco , Ferreira Fabio Furlan
Published: April 2015

Synthesis and structural characterization of LASSBIO 1601: a cyclohexyl-N-acylhydrazone derivative.
Analysis of bimodal thermally-induced denaturation of type I collagen extracted from calfskin
Authors: Staicu Teodora , Cîrcu Viorel , Ioniţă Gabriela , Ghica Corneliu , Popa Vlad T. , Micutz Marin
Published: April 2015

DSC tracks of collagen in solution revealing a bimodal behaviour during its heat-induced denaturation.
Synthesis and characterization of exfoliated PMMA/Co–Al LDH nanocomposites via solvent blending technique
Authors: Kumar Manish , Chaudhary Vivek , Suresh Kelothu , Pugazhenthi G.
Published: April 2015

PMMA/Co–Al LDH nanocomposites prepared by a facile method displayed superior thermal properties in comparison with pristine PMMA.