bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior plasticity stability and excellent strength in Ti-55531 alloy micropillars via harmony slip in nanoscale α/β phases
Authors: Kou Wenjuan , Sun Qiaoyan , Xiao Lin , Sun Jun
Published: March 2019

Excellent stability of plasticity and high strength are acquired in Ti55531 alloy micropillars via introducing a high density of deformable nanoscale α phase into a β matrix. The yield strength of the pillars is as high as 2.26 GPa irrespective of pillar sizes ranging from 6 to 0.3 μm, which is high enough to activate dislocation slip both in ductile α precipitates and the β matrix. The harmony slip model was proposed to interpret slip transmission between the nanoscale α phase and the divided β matrix, and both α and β accommodate their individual plasticity during compression. This results in an excellent combination of high strength and stable plasticity in Ti55531 alloy micron-to submicron pillars. The results highlight the novel strengthening and toughening mechanisms of nanostructured alloys and a specific type of microstructure that exhibits stable plasticity for nano/microdevices.
Penfluridol overcomes paclitaxel resistance in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Gupta Nehal , Gupta Parul , Srivastava Sanjay K.
Published: March 2019

Paclitaxel is a first line chemotherapeutic agent for the patients with metastatic breast cancer. But inherited or acquired resistance to paclitaxel leads to poor response rates in a majority of these patients. To identify mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance, we developed paclitaxel resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and 4T1 by continuous exposure to paclitaxel for several months. Western blot analysis showed increased expression of HER2 and β-catenin pathway in resistant cell lines as compared to parent cells. Hence, we hypothesized that HER2/β-catenin mediates paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer and suppression of HER2/β-catenin signaling could overcome paclitaxel resistance. Our data showed that penfluridol (PFL) treatment significantly reduced the survival of paclitaxel-resistant cells. Western blot analysis revealed that PFL treatment suppressed HER2, as well as, β-catenin pathway. In vivo data confirmed that PFL significantly potentiated tumor growth suppressive effects of paclitaxel in an orthotropic breast cancer model. In addition, tumors from paclitaxel and PFL-treated mice showed reduced HER2 and β-catenin expression, along with increased apoptosis. Taken together our results demonstrate a novel role of HER2/β-catenin in paclitaxel resistance and open up new avenues for application of PFL as a therapeutic option for overcoming paclitaxel resistance.
Extracellular vesicles carrying lactate dehydrogenase induce suicide in increased population density of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Coronado Lorena , Caballero Zuleima , Faral-Tello Paula , Robello Carlos , Spadafora Carmenza
Published: March 2019

Even with access to sufficient nutrients and atmosphere, Plasmodium falciparum can barely be cultured at maximum growth capacity in vitro conditions. Because of this behavior, it has been suggested that P. falciparum has self-regulatory mechanisms in response to density stress. Only recently has this process begun to be acknowledged and characteristics of a programmed cell death been assigned to the parasite at high parasitaemia in vitro cultures. In searching for death signals within the parasite community, we have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) of P. falciparum from high parasitaemia cultures are able to induce programmed cell death processes in the population. A comparative proteomic analysis of EVs from low (EVL) and high (EVH) parasitaemia cultures was conducted, pointing to lactate dehydrogenase from P. falciparum (PfLDH) as the only parasite protein overexpressed in the later. Although the major function of P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) is the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, a key process in the production of energy in most living organisms, we investigated its possible role in the mechanism of parasite density control by intercellular signaling, given that PfLDH had already been listed as a component of extracellular vesicles of P. falciparum. In this study we present evidence of the EV-associated PfLDH regulation of parasite population by inducing apoptosis in highly parasitized cultures.
Quinquevalent phosphorus acids
Authors: Bałczewski Piotr , Skalik Joanna
Published: March 2019

This chapter covers scientific contributions in quinquevalent organo-phosphorus chemistry published in the literature in 2017. The review is not comprehensive but shows some of the most important achievements in the area. In this year, 412 publications have been selected in this review versus 322 in the previous year. The chapter describes compounds possessing three P–O bonds (phosphates), two P–O and one P–C bonds (phosphonates) as well as one P–O and two P–C bonds (phosphinates) in addition to the phosphoryl group P=O. Heteroanalogues of phosphates, phosphinates and phosphonates containing combinations of P–X and P=Y bonds (X,Y=O, N, S, Se) have also been described, usually in the end of subsections. Each of the main sections has been divided in the same way, covering synthesis, reactions and biological aspects of phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acids and their derivatives. As in the last two years, additional subsections devoted to miscellaneous applications, other than biological ones, have been added in all three sections devoted to phosphates, phosphonates and phosphinates. In this year, the main interest in chemistry of phosphoric and phosphonic acids and their derivatives is still at the same, high level (90% of the volume), while the interest in the area of phosphinic acids and their derivatives turned out to be much lower (10% of the volume), as in all previous years. At the same time, by volume, the chemistry of phosphonates was represented one and a half times more often than chemistry of phosphates.
Pharmaceutical paroxetine-based organic salts of carboxylic acids with optimized properties: the identification and characterization of potential novel API solid forms
Authors: Carvalho Paulo S. , Diniz Luan F. , Tenorio Juan C. , Souza Matheus S. , Franco Chris H. J. , Rial Rafael C. , Warszawski de Oliveira Karla Regina , Nazario Carlos E. D. , Ellena Javier
Published: March 2019

Reacting paroxetine HCl with oxalic, maleic, fumaric and l-tartaric acids results in the formation of novel molecular salts.
Rejection of micron-sized particles using beech wood xylem
Authors: Vitas Selin , Beckmann Paul , Skibinski Bertram , Goldhahn Christian , Muff Livius F. , Cabane Etienne
Published: March 2019

Investigating the removal efficiency of wood tissue in a dead-end filtration of micron-sized surrogates by determining the log removal values as well as the permeability of the material to water.
Recent advances in hybrid sodium–air batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Hui Kwan San , Dinh Duc Anh , Hui Kwun Nam , Wang Hao
Published: March 2019

Hybrid sodium–air battery (HSAB) principles are introduced, and the synthesis and rational designs of electrocatalysts based on the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction are comprehensively reviewed for the purpose of providing insight into the development of efficient air electrodes. Furthermore, research directions of anodes, electrolytes, and air electrodes toward high-performance HSABs are proposed.
Photoanodic pyramid texturization of n-Ge(100) in HCl solution: unexpected anisotropy in the surface chemistry of etching
Authors: Abrenica Graniel Harne A. , Lebedev Mikhail V. , Le Hy , Hajduk Andreas , Fingerle Mathias , Mayer Thomas , de Gendt Stefan , van Dorp Dennis H.
Published: March 2019

Ge pyramid texturization has been demonstratedviaphotoelectrochemical etching in HCl solution.
The real-time determination of d- and l-lactate based on optical weak measurement
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Shi Lixuan , Guan Tian , Xu Yang , Guo Cuixia , Li Dongmei , He Yonghong , Ji Yanhong
Published: March 2019

A simple transmission optical rotation (OR) configuration based on weak measurement was developed for the real-time determination of d- and l-lactate.
Electrochemical immunosensor modified with carbon nanofibers coupled to a paper platform for the determination of gliadins in food samples
Authors: Marín-Barroso Evelyn , Messina Germán A. , Bertolino Franco A. , Raba Julio , Pereira Sirley V.
Published: March 2019

The gluten-free diet is a unique, effective treatment for different conditions related to gluten consumption.
Selective growth of ordered hexagonal InN nanorods
Authors: Zeghouane Mohammed , Avit Geoffrey , Cornelius Thomas W. , Salomon Damien , André Yamina , Bougerol Catherine , Taliercio Thierry , Meguekam-Sado Ariane , Ferret Pierre , Castelluci Dominique , Gil Evelyne , Tournié Eric , Thomas Olivier , Trassoudaine Agnès
Published: March 2019

Well-ordered and vertically aligned InN nanorods with high aspect ratios are synthesized by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) using the selective area growth (SAG) approach.
Cobalt substitution in a flexible metal–organic framework: modulating a soft paddle-wheel unit for tunable gate-opening adsorption
Authors: Zhu Jiaxing , Chen Junye , Qiu Tianze , Deng Mingli , Zheng Qingshu , Chen Zhenxia , Ling Yun , Zhou Yaming
Published: March 2019

We achieved a tunable Pgo for gas adsorption in a flexible framework by modulating the dynamic rearrangement of coordination bonds of paddle-wheel unit via cobalt substitution.
A supramolecular assembly bearing an organic TADF chromophore: synthesis, characterization and light-driven cooperative acceptorless dehydrogenation of secondary amines
Authors: Chao Duobin , Zhao Mengying
Published: March 2019

A noble-metal-free chromophore–catalyst supramolecular assembly, which contains an organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) chromophore and cobaloximes, has been designed and synthesized for efficient light-driven acceptorless dehydrogenation of secondary amines.
Origin and bioactivities of thiosulfinated FK228
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Currens Grant C. , Xue Liang , Cheng Yi-Qiang
Published: March 2019

During a large laboratory-scale purification of FK228 from the fermentation broth of Burkholderia thailandensis MSMB43, a small amount of thiosulfinated FK228 (TS-FK228) was unexpectedly purified only after the broth was mixed with silica gel.
Correction: Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials
Authors: Shang Luoran , Zhang Weixia , Xu Ke , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Bio-inspired intelligent structural color materials’ by Luoran Shang et al., Mater. Horiz., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9mh00101h.
Assembly of peptides in mica–graphene nanocapillaries controlled by confined water
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Zhou Limin , Du Qiqige , Shen Zhiwei , Hu Jun , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2019

In the confinement of a mica–graphene nanocapillary, the self-assembly behaviors of peptides were controlled by the dynamically changing water layers.
Transition metal-free thiol–yne click polymerization toward Z-stereoregular poly(vinylene sulfide)s
Authors: Huang Die , Liu Yong , Guo Shang , Li Baixue , Wang Jia , Yao Bicheng , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2019

An efficient K3PO4-mediated thiol–yne click polymerization was established, and regio- and stereoregular poly(vinylene sulfide)s with Z-isomers were produced.
A polymerizable aggregation-induced emission dye for fluorescent nanoparticles: synthesis, molecular structure and application in cell imaging
Authors: Huang Zengfang , Wang Runze , Chen Yali , Liu Xiaobo , Wang Ke , Mao Liucheng , Wang Ke , Yuan Jinying , Zhang Xiaoyong , Tao Lei , Wei Yen
Published: March 2019

This work reports the fabrication of a novel polymerizable AIE dye and its amphiphilic PEG-TS fluorescent polymers via RAFT polymerization, which were attractive for the application in cell imaging.
Ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets prepared via sonication exfoliation of membranes from interfacial growth and exhibition of enhanced catalytic activity by their gold nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Songting , Qin Lu , Zhang Ke , Xin Zhong , Zhao Shicheng
Published: March 2019

Cu-MOF nanosheets were prepared by sonication exfoliation and the Au/Cu-MOF nanocomposites exhibited higher catalytic activity than pure Au NPs.
A sulfonium tethered peptide ligand rapidly and selectively modifies protein cysteine in vicinity
Authors: Wang Dongyuan , Yu Mengying , Liu Na , Lian Chenshan , Hou Zhanfeng , Wang Rui , Zhao Rongtong , Li Wenjun , Jiang Yixiang , Shi Xiaodong , Li Shuiming , Yin Feng , Li Zigang
Published: March 2019

A unique peptide stabilization method provides a tethered sulfonium that can rapidly and selectively modify protein cysteine in close vicinity.
A new post-synthetic polymerization strategy makes metal–organic frameworks more stable
Authors: Yang Shuliang , Peng Li , Sun Daniel T. , Asgari Mehrdad , Oveisi Emad , Trukhina Olga , Bulut Safak , Jamali Abbas , Queen Wendy L.
Published: March 2019

This work develops a new post-synthetic polymerization strategy to make various metal–organic frameworks more stable.
Conformer-dependent self-assembled metallacycles with photo-reversible response
Authors: Li Mengqi , Chen Li-Jun , Zhang Zhipeng , Luo Qianfu , Yang Hai-Bo , Tian He , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: March 2019

The scaffold sizes and shapes of a series of photoswitchable metallacycles are precisely controlled by the conformer of photoresponsive units.
Development of nickel-incorporated MCM-41–carbon composites and their application in nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Ghimire Pramila P. , Zhang Liping , Kinga Unocic A. , Guo Qianying , Jiang Baojiang , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: March 2019

Ni–MCM-41–carbon composites were obtained by the soft-templating synthesis of MCM-41 with addition of resorcinol, formaldehyde and nickel nitrate.
Dual effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles on the inhibition of β-amyloid peptide aggregation and disintegration of the preformed fibrils
Authors: Jha Anjali , Ghormade Vandana , Kolge Henry , Paknikar Kishore M.
Published: March 2019

Chitosan nanoparticles are a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention against Alzheimer's disease. They inhibit amyloid aggregation and dissolve preformed fibrils.
Waxberry-like hierarchical Ni@C microspheres with high-performance microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Dawei , Du Yunchen , Xu Ping , Liu Na , Wang Yahui , Zhao Honghong , Cui Liru , Han Xijiang
Published: March 2019

Hierarchical architecture and core–shell configuration synergistically endowed waxberry-like Ni@C microspheres with an upgraded microwave absorption performance.
LncRNA NEF inhibits migration and invasion of HPV-negative cervical squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting TGF-β pathway
Authors: Ju Wencui , Luo Xiaoyong , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2019

LncRNA NEF was a recently identified tumor suppressor lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our study aimed to explore the role of NEF in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients. In the present study, expression of NEF in tumor tissue (cervical biopsies for healthy control) and serum of human papillomaviruses (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive CSCC patients as well as healthy controls was detected by qRT-PCR. Diagnostic and prognostic values of NEF for CSCC were evaluated by ROC curve and survival curve analysis, respectively. NEF expression vector was transfected into CSCC cells and the effects on cell migration and invasion as well as TGF-β1 expression were investigated by Transwell migration assay, Transwell invasion assay, and Western blot, respectively. We found that expression of NEF in cervical tissues (tumor tissues for CSCC patients) and serum was significantly down-regulated in HPV-negative CSCC patients than in healthy controls and HPV positive patients, but no significant differences were found between healthy controls and HPV positive patients. Low serum levels of NEF distinguished HPV-negative CSCC patients from healthy controls and indicated poor survival. NEF overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of HPV-negative but not HPV-positive CSCC cells. NEF overexpression down-regulated TGF-β1 in HPV-negative CSCC cells but not in HPV-positive CSCC cells. TGF-β1 treatment reduced the effects of NEF overexpression on cell migration and invasion. Therefore, we conclude that lncRNA NEF may inhibit the migration and invasion of HPV-negative cervical squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting TGF-β pathway.
LncRNA CASC11 promotes cancer cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting miRNA-188-5p
Authors: Cheng Nan , Wu Ju , Yin Min , Xu Jian , Wang Yadong , Chen Xi , Nie Zhequn , Yin Jiajun
Published: March 2019

It is known that lncRNA CASC11 promotes the development of gastric cancer. Our study was carried out to investigate the possible involvement of ncRNA CASC11 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we found that CASC11 was up-regulated, while miR-188-5p was down-regulated in tumor tissues of HCC patients. CASC11 and miR-188-5p were not affected by HBV and HCV infections. Follow-up study showed that high levels of CASC11 were significantly correlated with poor survival. Expression levels of CASC11 and miR-188-5p were inversely correlated in tumor tissues. CASC11 overexpression mediated the down-regulation of miR-188-5p, while miR-188-5p overexpression failed to affect CASC11 expression. CASC11 overexpression led to promoted, while miR-188-5p overexpression led to inhibited proliferation of cells of HCC cell lines. CASC11 overexpression showed no significant effects on cancer cell migration and invasion. In addition, miR-188-5p overexpression attenuated the enhancing effects of CASC11 overexpression on cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, LncRNA CASC11 promoted cancer cell proliferation in HCC possibly by inhibiting miR-188-5p.
How Mixed-Effects Modeling Can Advance Our Understanding of Learning and Memory and Improve Clinical and Educational Practice
Authors: Gordon Katherine R.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

A key goal of researchers, clinicians, and educators within the fields of speech, language, and hearing sciences is to support the learning and memory of others. To do so, they consider factors relevant to the individual, the material to be learned, and the training strategy that can maximize learning and retention. Statistical methods typically used within these fields are inadequate for identifying the complex relationships between these factors and are ill equipped to account for variability across individuals when identifying these relationships. Specifically, traditional statistical methods are often inadequate for answering questions about special populations because samples drawn from these populations are usually small, highly variable, and skewed in distribution. Mixed-effects modeling provides advantages over traditional statistical techniques to answer complex questions while taking into account these common characteristics of special populations.

Method and Results

Through two examples, I illustrate advantages of mixed-effects modeling in answering questions about learning and memory and in supporting better translation of research to practice. I also demonstrate key similarities and differences between analysis of variance, regression analyses, and mixed-effects modeling. Finally, I explain three additional advantages of using mixed-effects modeling to understand the processes of learning and memory: the means to account for missing data, assess the contribution of variations in delay intervals, and model nonlinear relationships between factors.

Conclusions

Through mixed-effects modeling, researchers can disseminate accurate information about learning and memory to clinicians and educators. In turn, through enhanced statistical literacy, clinicians and educators can apply research findings to practice with confidence. Overall, mixed-effects modeling is a powerful tool to improve the outcomes of the individuals that researchers and practitioners serve within the fields of speech, language, and hearing sciences.
Fast evaluation of the current drive efﬁciency by electron cyclotron waves for reactor studies
Authors: Poli Emanuele , Müller Maximilian , Zohm Hartmut , Kovari Michael
Published: March 2019

The determination of the current driven by electron cyclotron waves is usually performed employing ray/beam tracing codes, which require as an input the magnetic equilibrium, the electron density and the electron temperature profiles on one side and the beam injection parameters on the other. In the frame of systems-code applications, however, a different approach is needed, as some of the required input quantities are not available. Here, a procedure to evaluate the achievable ECCD efficiency for given global reactor parameters is proposed. It relies on a single numerical evaluation of the current drive efficiency (based on the adjoint method and including momentum-conserving corrections) for suitably chosen input values. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the full numerical optimization of the ECCD efficiency for a number of reactor-relevant scenarios. As described in this paper, this approach does not include the effect of parasitic absorption from higher cyclotron harmonics, which becomes important starting from electron temperatures of the order of 30 keV.
Current drive by high intensity, pulsed, electron cyclotron wave packets
Authors: Ram Abhay K. , Hizanidis Kyriakos , Temkin Richard J.
Published: March 2019

The nonlinear interaction of electrons with a high intensity, spatially localized, Gaussian, electro-magnetic wave packet, or beam, in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies is described by the relativistic Lorentz equation. There are two distinct sets of electrons that result from wave-particle interactions. One set of electrons is reﬂected by the ponderomotive force due to the spatial variation of the wave packet. The second set of electrons are energetic enough to traverse across the wave packet. Both sets of electrons can exchange energy and momentum with the wave packet. The trapping of electrons in plane waves, which are constituents of the Gaussian beam, leads to dynamics that is distinctly diﬀerent from quasilinear modeling of wave-particle interactions. This paper illustrates the changes that occur in the electron motion as a result of the nonlinear interaction. The dynamical diﬀerences between electrons interacting with a wave packet composed of ordinary electromagnetic waves and electrons interacting with a wave packet composed of extraordinary waves are exempliﬁed.
Particle-in-cell simulations of parametric decay instabilities near the upper hybrid layer
Authors: Senstius MG , Nielsen SK , Vann RGL
Published: March 2019

The particle-in-cell (PIC) code EPOCH is used to simulate parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) converting a 105 GHz microwave X-mode pump wave into electrostatic daughter waves at the upper hybrid (UH) layer of a fusion plasma in 1D. The resulting ﬁelds are analyzed, identifying modes in f -and k-space, and estimating their spectral power as a function of pump wave intensity. Both linearly and nonlinearly converted modes are identiﬁed and their characteristics agree with literature. A dipole approximation employed in literature appears to be unjust.
Numerical description of mode coupled waves in inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas
Authors: Yanagihara Kota , Kubo Shin , Tsujimura Toru
Published: March 2019

Geometrical optics (GO) ray tracing has been widely used for a description of electron cyclotron resonance waves in inhomogeneous magnetized fusion plasmas. However, this reduced approach is not correct in suﬃcient low density plasmas with a sheared magnetic ﬁeld, where mode coupling between two electromagnetic-like cold plasma modes can occur. Here, we extend a ray tracing method based on the ﬁrst-order theory of extended geometrical optics (XGO), which captures mode coupled complex amplitude between O and X mode along the ray trajectory. In our approach, reference ray is calculated with ray equation to satisfy the lowest-order part of XGO theory and an evolution of complex amplitude proﬁle along the reference ray is calculated with partial diﬀerential equation derived from ﬁrst-order terms. Calculation results performed by extended ray tracing are in good agreement with 1D full wave analysis. By introducing second-order terms into our numerical approach, diﬀraction will be treated.
Runaway electron diagnostics for the COMPASS tokamak using EC emission
Authors: Farnik Michal , Urban Jakub , Zajac Jaromir , Bogar Ondrej , Ficker Ondrej , Macusova Eva , Mlynar Jan , Cerovsky Jaroslav , Varavin Mikita , Weinzettl Vladimir , Hron Martin
Published: March 2019

An electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic of suprathermal electrons was utilised for runaway electron (RE) experiments purposes in the COMPASS tokamak. Our vertical ECE (V-ECE) system consists of a 16-channel heterodyne radiometer and an E-band horn antenna with a 76.5-88 GHz frequency range front-end. Simulations used for the design of the diagnostic showed a possibility of detecting the emission of low-energy (50-140 keV) runaway electrons. We realized measurements with both extraordinary (X-) and ordinary (O-) mode linear polarizations. The amplitudes of the X-mode and O-mode signals are similar, which can be explained by depolarised reflected radiation. V-ECE measurements in low-density flattop discharges and in discharges with massive gas injections of high-Z elements show correlations with other RE diagnostics. Our results are in the agreement with the principles of the primary runaway generation mechanisms.
ECE Diagnostic for the initial Operation of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Hirsch Matthias , Höfel Udo , Oosterbeek Johan Willem , Chaudhary Neha , Geiger Joachim , Hartfuss Hans-Jürgen , Kasparek Walter , Marushchenko Nikolai , van Milligen Boudewijn , Plaum Burkhard , Stange Torsten , Svensson Jakob , Tsuchiya Hayato , Wagner Dietmar , McWeir Gavin , Wolf Robert ,   W7-X Team
Published: March 2019

The ECE diagnostic at W7-X in its standard mode of operation measures in X2 mode polarization with a 32 channel radiometer in the frequency band around 140 GHz for central magnetic field 2.5T. The radiometer is calibrated by a noise source and the overall system absolutely calibrated by means of a hot-cold source placed outside the torus in front of a Gaussian telescope optics with identical geometry and transmission line as it is installed for the measurements in the plasma vessel. The system is supplemented with a 16 channel zoom device with 4 GHz span for higher frequency resolution at a suitable radial range and a Michelson interferometer for the characterization of higher harmonics sharing the same line of sight.
Report of recent experiments with the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW and SP prototype gyrotrons for ITER
Authors: Ioannidis Zisis , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Albajar Ferran , Alberti Stefano , Avramidis Konstantinos , Bin William , Bonicelli Tulio , Bruschi Alex , Chelis Ioannis , Fanale Francesco , Gantenbein Gerd , Hermann Virgille , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Illy Stefan , Jin Jianbo , Jelonnek John , Kasparek Walter , Latsas George , Lechte Carsten , Legrand François , Pagonakis Ioannis , Sanchez Francisco , Schmid Martin , Schlatter Christian , Thumm Manfred , Tigelis Ioannis , Tran Minh Quang , Zisis Anastasios , Zein Andy
Published: March 2019

The European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW prototype gyrotron has been designed within EGYC (European GYrotron Consortium) in collaboration with the industrial partner Thales Electron Devices (TED) and under the coordination of Fusion for Energy (F4E). This is a conventional (hollow) cavity gyrotron that is based on the 1 MW, 170 GHz short-pulse (SP) modular gyrotron, which has been designed and manufactured by KIT in collaboration with TED. The SP prototype has been tested in multiple experimental campaigns since 2015 and the nominal cavity mode TE32,9is exited at 170.1 GHz, producing RF power above 1 MW with 35 % interaction efficiency. The first phase of the experiments with the CW industrial gyrotron was successfully completed at KIT in 2016, verifying most of the ITER specifications. Short pulses (<10ms) deliver RF power higher than 0.9 MW with a total efficiency of 26 % (in non-depressed collector operation). The Gaussian mode content of the RF beam is 97 %. Pulses with duration of 180 s (limited by the high-voltage power supply at KIT) produce power more than 0.8 MW with maximum efficiency 38 % (in depressed collector operation). In this work the achievements with the SP and the CW prototype gyrotrons are summarized.
Development of reflection gratings for advanced ECRH scenarios
Authors: Plaum Burkhard , Schubert Martin , Zeitler Achim , Kasparek Walter , Lechte Carsten , Stober Jörg ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: March 2019

An existing framework for the design of reflection gratings was reworked. It takes the astigmatic complex beam parameters and the orientations of the beam axes of the incident and reflected beams as input and synthesizes a grating, which transforms the incident beam into the reflected beam. This is done by decomposing the 3D problem into a series of 2D reflections of plane waves. The 2D grating profiles are optimized in parallel on multiple computers. Finally, the 3D grating is derived using a simplified interpolation scheme.
Metrology techniques for the verification of the alignment of the EU gyrotron prototype for ITER
Authors: Sanchez Francisco , Albajar Ferran , Lo Bue Alessandro , Alberti Stephano , Avramidis Konstantinos , Bonicelli Tullio , Bruschi Alex , Gantenbein Gerd , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Illy Stefan , Ioannidis Zisis , Leggieri Alberto , Legrand François , Pagonakis Ioannis , Perial Etienne , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Thumm Manfred , Tigelis Ioannis
Published: March 2019

The EU gyrotron for the ITER Electron Cyclotron (EC) heating system has been developed in coordinated efforts of the EGYC Consortium, Thales ED (TED) and Fusion for Energy (F4E) and under the supervision of ITER Organization Central Team. After the successful verification of the design of the 1MW, 170 GHz hollow cylindrical cavity gyrotron operating at the nominal TE32,9 mode with a short pulse gyrotron prototype at KIT, an industrial CW gyrotron prototype was manufactured by TED and tested at ~0.8 MW output power and 180 s pulse duration, which is the limit of the HV power supply currently available at KIT. The experiments are being continued at SPC in 2018 to extend further the pulse duration, taking advantage of the existing CW full-power capabilities of the gyrotron test facility recently upgraded for the FALCON project. The gyrotron cavity interaction is very sensitive to the alignment of the internal mechanical parts of the gyrotron tube with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet within a typical range of 0.2 – 0.5 mm. The control of the tolerances and deformations becomes therefore critical to achieving the target performances. With the EU gyrotron prototype it was possible to adjust the alignment of the gyrotron tube with respect to the magnetic field axis during the installation and commissioning phase. The actual shift and tilt movements were verified using advanced metrology methods such as photogrammetry. In this paper, the alignment control techniques and procedures will be discussed also in view of enhancing the reproducibility of gyrotron performance during series production.
Study on the soft-start process of PSM high voltage power supply for ECRH
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guan Rui , Guo Fei , Zhou Yu , Sun Haozhang , Wang Junjiang , Huang Yiyun
Published: March 2019

The soft-start process of high voltage power supply (HVPS) based on pulse step modulation (PSM) for ECRH on EAST is introduced, which is the first procedure of system operation. The response process is detailed by proposing DC equivalent circuit model, process analysis and performance comparison is given under the conditions of different soft-start resistor parameters, and the theoretical analysis is proved by the simulation package ANSYS Simplorer simulations. The soft-start resistor is designed for the HVPS of 140GHz ECRH system for a smooth charging without overshoot of the capacitor[6], and the final experimental results show that it is in agreement with the theoretical analysis and is stable and reliable to the power devices.
Das Innere Team als Beratungsmethode im forensischen
Setting
Authors: Weißkerber Maria
Published: March 2019

Lässt sich die Beratungsmethode des Inneren Teams im forensischen Setting
anwenden? Um das herauszufinden, haben wir den fiktiven Patienten Herrn B. im
Dialog mit seinem Inneren Team begleitet und beobachtet, ob er mithilfe der
Methodik Ambivalenzen auflösen und neue Handlungskompetenzen entwickeln
kann.
Heilsames Singen
Authors: Maeder Silke
Published: March 2019

Singen kann jeder, man braucht dazu nichts anderes als seine Stimme. Es regt die
Selbstheilungskräfte an, macht ausgeglichener und stärkt das
Gemeinschaftsgefühl. Deshalb gründete unsere Autorin in ihrer Klinik eine Gruppe
für heilsames Singen und berichtet, worauf dabei zu achten ist.
Endoscopic tissue shielding to prevent bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kataoka Yosuke , Tsuji Yosuke , Hirasawa Kingo , Takimoto Kengo , Wada Tomonori , Mochizuki Satoshi , Ohata Ken , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Niimi Keiko , Ono Satoshi , Kodashima Shinya , Yamamichi Nobutake , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: March 2019

Background Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a severe adverse event. Recent reports have described the efficacy of the endoscopic shielding method with polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets and fibrin glue for the prevention of adverse events after ESD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PGA shielding method provides additional benefit in preventing post-ESD bleeding compared with standard care.

Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Patients at high risk of post-ESD bleeding were enrolled in the study. Before ESD, patients were randomized to either the PGA group or the control group. After completing ESD in the PGA group, PGA sheets were placed onto the ulcer floor and adhered with fibrin glue. The primary end point was the post-ESD bleeding rate.

Results 140 eligible patients were enrolled from September 2014 to September 2016, and 137 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (67 in the PGA group and 70 in the control group). Post-ESD bleeding occurred in three patients (4.5 %) in the PGA group and in four patients (5.7 %) in the control group; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.99). Post-ESD bleeding tended to occur later in the control group than in the PGA group (median 12.5 days [range 8 – 14] vs. 2 days [range 0 – 7], respectively).

Conclusion The PGA shielding method did not demonstrate a significant effect on the prevention of post-ESD bleeding.
Evaluation of Cervical Elastography Strain Pattern to Predict Preterm Birth
Authors: Gesthuysen Anna , Hammer Kerstin , Möllers Mareike , Braun Janina , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Falkenberg Maria Karina , Köster Helen Ann , Möllmann Ute , Fruscalzo Arrigo , Bormann Eike , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf
Published: March 2019

Purpose To evaluate cervical elastography strain pattern as a predictive marker for spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD).

Materials and Methods In this case-control study cervical length (CL) and elastographic data (strain ratio, elastography index, strain pattern score) were acquired from 335 pregnant women (20th – 34th week of gestation) by transvaginal ultrasound. Data of 50 preterm deliveries were compared with 285 normal controls. Strain ratio and elastography index were calculated by placing two regions of interest (ROIs) in parallel on the anterior cervical lip. The strain ratio was determined by dividing the higher strain value by the lower one. The elastography index was defined as the maximum of the strain ratio curve. Elastographic images were assigned a new established strain pattern (SP) score between 0 and 2 according to the distribution of strain induced by compression.

Results Elastography index, SP score and CL differed between preterm and normal pregnancies (1.61 vs. 1.27, p < 0.001; SP score value of “2”: n = 31 (62 %) vs. n = 36 (12.6 %), p < 0.001; CL 30.7 vs. 41.0 mm, p < 0.001; respectively). The elastography index and SP score were associated with a higher predictive potential than CL measurement alone (AUC 0.8059 (area under the curve); AUC 0.7716; AUC 0.7631; respectively). A combination of all parameters proved more predictive than any single parameter (AUC 0.8987; respectively).

Conclusion Higher elastography index and SP scores were correlated with an elevated risk of SPTD and are superior to CL measurement as a predictive marker. A combination of these parameters could be used as a “Cervical Index” for the prediction of SPTD.
Expanding the 18F-Radiochemical Space: Synthesis and Applications of 1,1-18F-Difluorinated Alkenes
Authors: Tredwell Matthew
Published: March 2019

The synthesis of 18F-perfluorinated motifs from [18F]fluoride is a non-trivial undertaking as highlighted by the few methods and range of motifs that are known. In this Synpacts article we highlight our recent work on the synthesis and derivatization of 1,1-18F-difluoroalkenes to expand the accessible radiochemical space with fluorine-18.

1 Introduction

2 Overview of the Main Strategies to Access 18F-Perfluorinated Motifs with [18F]Fluoride

3 1,1-18F-Difluoroalkenes

4 Conclusion
Synthesis of Acridones by Palladium-Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Amination
Authors: Janke Julia , Villinger Alexander , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: March 2019

The Buchwald–Hartwig amination allows an efficient and convenient synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important acridones by formation of a six-membered ring. With the described method, a number of derivatives have been synthesized in up to 95% yield by using a variety of anilines as well as benzylic and aliphatic amines.
Acidose metabólica e o estado nutricional de pacientes em hemodiálise
Authors: Machado Renata , Gomes Isabel , Faria Camila , Navarro Marina , Castro Bárbara , Machado Luiza , Passos Maria , Almeida Alessandra
Published: March 2019

Introdução A prevalência de desnutrição em hemodiálise (HD) é elevada, sendo um marcador de mau prognóstico na doença renal crônica. A acidose metabólica é frequente na diálise e tem sido associada com mortalidade.

Objetivos Avaliar a acidose metabólica e o estado nutricional dos pacientes em HD.

Métodos Estudo transversal realizado em um único centro de HD. Coletou-se informações em prontuários e verificou-se a presença de acidose metabólica e o estado nutricional por indicadores antropométricos e bioquímicos.

Resultados A amostra total de 63 pacientes, 54% do sexo masculino e 46% do sexo feminino, com 58,7% entre 45 e 64 anos. O tempo médio de diálise foi de 5,4 anos. O valor médio do índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi 24,9kg/m2, e o de albumina foi de 3,9g/dL. A prevalência de acidose metabólica foi de 77,8%. Foi observada uma correlação linear negativa entre bicarbonato e creatinina, sem correlação com indicadores antropométricos e albumina. Pacientes desnutridos pelo IMC corresponderam a 55,5% do total e ganharam mais peso interdialítico. Do total de pacientes, 14,2% foram classificados como desnutridos pelo índice de circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), e albumina < 4,0 g/dL foi observada em 49,2%. A creatinina sérica foi maior em pacientes com idades entre 45 e 64 anos e de sexo masculino. Não foi observada diferença por tempo em HD em relação à idade, ao ganho de peso interdialítico, ou às medidas laboratoriais e antropométricas.

Conclusão A prevalência de acidose metabólica foi elevada, e não houve correlação com o estado nutricional. Níveis de bicarbonato < 22 mEq/L correlacionaram-se com valores maiores de creatinina, sem relação com o estado nutricional. A avaliação nutricional pelo IMC esteve de acordo com o observado na literatura brasileira, e a albumina apontou desnutrição elevada.
Flow Devices to Assess Platelet Function: Historical Evolution and Current Choices
Authors: Silva Raisa , Grabowski Eric
Published: March 2019

Platelet function testing, which began more than a hundred years ago, is a time-consuming and uncertain process. Simulating hemostasis and the blood vessel microenvironment in vitro is challenging, which poses a difficulty for diagnosing platelet dysfunction and mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). In an effort to simulate the rheological microenvironment within blood vessels, several blood flow devices have been introduced since the 1980s. These devices are capable of reproducing the shear rates found in arterioles and venules, and of incorporating endothelial cell monolayers and surfaces with adsorbed platelet-adhesive proteins. The authors will describe and review here the presently most well-known blood flow devices. The technologies inherent in these devices offer a combination of physiologic accuracy and small blood volume requirements in the evaluation of platelet disorders and mild VWD (or “symptomatic low von Willebrand factor”) in flowing whole blood, with the potential to individualize therapeutic options for and to achieve greater diagnostic accuracy in mild platelet disorders and VWD.
Radiologist Identification of Occult Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Cysts on MRI
Authors: Versteeg Gregory , Goyal Kanu
Published: March 2019

Background Occult dorsal ganglion cysts (ODGC) require imaging or an operation for detection. It is currently unknown how often a radiologist identifies an ODGC on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whether surgeon indication for MRI aids the radiologist in detection.

Questions/Purposes The aim of the study was to investigate the following questions: how accurately do radiologists identify ODGC on MRIs? What factors may be associated with missed ODGCs?

Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied patients who underwent an operation for an ODGC and had a preoperative wrist MRI. Radiology report and surgeon's notes were evaluated to determine whether identification of the ODGC was noted and whether the surgeon indicated that the MRI was to evaluate for an ODGC. MRIs were reviewed, dimensions of cysts measured and volume of cyst calculated.

Results Twenty-four patients and 25 MRIs were analyzed. The radiologist identified the ODGC in 19 cases (76%). Fifteen of the 25 MRIs (60%) ordered had ODGC listed in the requisition comment by the ordering surgeon. Thirteen of these 15 (87%) ODGCs were seen by the radiologist. Ten of the 25 MRIs (40%) ordered did not mention ODGC in the requisition. Six of these 10 (60%) ODGCs were seen by the radiologist. The volume of the ODGCs missed by radiologists was smaller (mean, 0.049 cm3) than those the radiologists identified (mean, 0.31 cm3; p = 0.004).

Conclusions Radiologists will not always identify the ODGC on an MRI, but they were more likely to if the surgeon was concerned for one. Hand surgeons should report suspicion of an ODGC on MRI requisition and review all imaging independently.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, prognostic study.
Evaluation of Kienböck's Disease Treated by Camembert Osteotomy at Seven Years
Authors: Camus Emmanuel J. , Van Overstraeten Luc
Published: March 2019

In Kienböck's disease, radius shortening osteotomy is the most common treatment. The Camembert procedure is a wedge osteotomy that shortens only the radius facing the lunate. Its aim is to offload the lunate by redirecting the compression stress of the grip forces toward the scaphoid. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Camembert osteotomy is effective in improving clinical symptoms and limits lunate collapse. The series include 10 patients who underwent a Camembert osteotomy for Kienböck's disease between 2002 and 2012 (one bilaterally). They are six men and four women, aged 40.6 years. Five patients had an additional ulnar shortening osteotomy if ulnar variance was neutral or positive. The mean follow-up is 7 years. Preoperatively, range of motion, grip strength, pain, and functional scores were poor. All osteotomies healed within 3 months. Extension, ulnar deviation, grip, functional scores improved significantly. In 10 cases, there were improvement in the T1 and T2 signals on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There was no lunate collapse. This series shows good results with no worsening of the lunate shape. There was no ulnocarpal impingement. The Camembert osteotomy proposes to offload the lunate and redirect strains toward the scaphoid. The supposed interest is to protect the lunate from collapse. In this small series, the Camembert osteotomy improved function in patients with early stage Kienböck's disease. MRI aspects improve in most cases and no patients collapsed. Camembert can be used in combination with a Sennwald's ulnar shortening when ulnar variance is neutral or positive. Authors propose this procedure for Lichtman's stages 1–2–3A if there are no cartilage or ligament lesions. This is a Level IV, case series study.
The relativistic Hopfield network: Rigorous results
Authors: Agliari Elena , Barra Adriano , Notarnicola Matteo
Published: March 2019

The relativistic Hopfield model constitutes a generalization of the standard Hopfield model that is derived by the formal analogy between the statistical-mechanic framework embedding neural networks and the Lagrangian mechanics describing a fictitious single-particle motion in the space of the tuneable parameters of the network itself. In this analogy, the cost-function of the Hopfield model plays as the standard kinetic-energy term and its related Mattis overlap (naturally bounded by one) plays as the velocity. The Hamiltonian of the relativisitc model, once Taylor-expanded, results in a p-spin series with alternate signs: the attractive contributions enhance the information-storage capabilities of the network, while the repulsive contributions allow for an easier unlearning of spurious states, conferring overall more robustness to the system as a whole. Here, we do not deepen the information processing skills of this generalized Hopfield network, rather we focus on its statistical mechanical foundation. In particular, relying on Guerra’s interpolation techniques, we prove the existence of the infinite-volume limit for the model free-energy and we give its explicit expression in terms of the Mattis overlaps. By extremizing the free energy over the latter, we get the generalized self-consistent equations for these overlaps as well as a picture of criticality that is further corroborated by a fluctuation analysis. These findings are in full agreement with the available previous results.
Probabilistic dispatch in hybrid-microgrid system with considering energy arbitrage
Authors: Sadighmanesh Abdolreza , Sabahi Mehran , Zavvari Mahdi
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the probabilistic economic dispatch problem between the grid and a hybrid-microgrid. The probabilistic economic dispatch problem is solved for reducing the fossil fuel usage and the total cost of electricity consumption. A scenario tree method based on day-ahead load and wind power forecasting errors is proposed to solve the probabilistic dispatch problem. A hybrid-microgrid, comprising a wind turbine, two diesel generators, and an energy storage system, has been used to analyze the proposed method. Utilizing a multi-price electricity tariff has been shown as the advantage of the energy storage system and the energy arbitrage. A new form of formulation for power and energy arbitrage equations and economic benefits of energy arbitrage is provided. The probabilistic power generation costs of the grid are calculated. With simulation results and comparison of different strategies in the proposed hybrid-Microgrid model illustrated the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach using MATLAB. By using energy arbitrage formulation in the probabilistic economic dispatch, the day-ahead probabilistic active power of the grid is calculated and depicted in a new way. The proposed method in many micro-grids, including probabilistic power generators, can be used to reduce the cost of exploiting distribution networks.