bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Course and predictors of eating disorder symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pandemic‐related eating disorder concerns among adults with eating disorders during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Thompson Katherine A. , Hedlund Elin L. , Sun Quan , Peat Christine M. , Goode Rachel W. , Termorshuizen Jet D. , Thornton Laura M. , Borg Stina , van Furth Eric F. , Birgegård Andreas , Bulik Cynthia M. , Watson Hunna J.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic and public health mitigation measures have negatively impacted individuals with eating disorders (ED). We evaluated changes in and predictors of ED symptoms, pandemic‐related ED concerns, and anxiety symptoms across the first 12 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic among individuals with self‐reported EDs in the United States (US), Sweden (SE), and the Netherlands (NL).

Method

Participants in the US (N = 510), SE (N = 982), and NL (N = 510) completed an online survey assessing ED symptoms (binge eating, restriction, compensatory behaviors, and anxiety about being unable to exercise), general anxiety symptoms, and pandemic‐related ED concerns about accessing food, lack of structure and social support, being in a triggering environment, and food and treatment costs. In the US and NL, respondents completed surveys beginning April 2020 and continuing monthly for a year. In SE, respondents completed baseline surveys in May 2020, a six‐month follow‐up around December 2020, and a 12‐month follow‐up in May 2021.

Results

Three patterns emerged: (1) a curvilinear course with the highest level of symptoms at baseline, declining through November 2020, and increasing through the rest of the year; (2) a linear declining course over time; and (3) a stable course with no changes. Worries about COVID‐19 infection, lockdown, concerns about lack of structure and social support, and concerns about accessing food consistent with one's recovery meal plan predicted increases in ED symptoms.

Discussion

ED symptoms tracked with pandemic‐related concerns in people with EDs. Conceptualizing predictors of symptoms may inform therapy and public health resources that reduce the impact of pandemics on mental health.

Public Significance

Our findings suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic had negative impacts on people with eating disorders, including amplification of mental health symptoms and stressors around peak periods of infection and COVID‐19 restrictions. These findings inform medical providers, policy‐makers, and community‐based supports about the information and resource needs of this group to ensure efficient dissemination in future public health emergencies and during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
Membership in winemaking cooperatives: Motivations and barriers
Authors: Allemand Isabelle , Joulié Pierre , Juno‐Delgado Edwin
Published: December 2022

The wine industry includes cooperatives and independent winegrowers. This article investigates cooperative membership's motivations and barriers based on a study conducted in the Chablis area (France). Individualistic goals prevail for winegrowers, but cooperative members also assign importance to shared values and their opinion differs significantly from that of the independent winegrowers. For independent winegrowers, the loss of entrepreneurial freedom represents the more substantial membership barrier. Findings might help managers of winemaking cooperatives identify actions to develop and retain their membership. They also provide insights to winegrowers on the advantages and drawbacks of independent and cooperative entrepreneurship.
Properties of polyrotaxane modified maleimide resin with a phase‐separated structure
Authors: Ohtsuka Keiko , Nakamura Masashi , Itoh Morimichi , Watase Seiji
Published: December 2022

Polyrotaxane (PR) is a supramolecular polymer in which an axial polymer extends through multiple cyclic molecules. Specifically, PR comprises polyethylene glycol, α‐cyclodextrin and adamantane as the axial polymer, cyclic molecule and terminal blocking group, respectively. PR is a useful stress relaxation material because the cyclic polymers can freely slide and rotate in cyclic motions on the axial polymer. In this study, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BMI)/2,2′‐diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) resin was blended with PR as a toughness modifier; the effect of PR on the cured properties of BMI/DABPA resin is reported and the properties are related to the phase structure of BMI/DABPA/PR alloy. The BMI/DABPA/PR alloy formed a microphase‐separated structure with PR particles dispersed in the BMI/DABPA resin matrix. Increasing PR concentration greatly improved the toughness, impact resistance and adhesiveness of the resin. The glass transition temperature also increased because the numerous hydroxyl groups of α‐cyclodextrins in PR formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the BMI/DABPA resin, forming a dense network structure. In contrast, owing to the small concentration ratio of PR to BMI/DABPA resin, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and water absorption were only slightly higher than those of the unmodified resin. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Characterization of styrene/methyl methacrylate/n‐butyl acrylate terpolymer with Kendrick mass defect analysis in electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Ozeki Yuka , Kitagawa Shinya , Ohtani Hajime , Kondo Yosuke , Shinada Hiroko
Published: December 2022

Rationale

Synthesis of copolymer is one of the major approaches to establish sophisticated polymers. In copolymer analysis in mass spectrometry (MS), an increase in the number of monomer unit species and/or the polymer molecular weight results in complex mass spectra, and a method is required to solve this problem.

Methods

In this study, electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry was employed to analyze styrene/methyl methacrylate/n‐butyl acrylate (St/MMA/nBA) terpolymers via Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis. An expanded Fourier transform‐based noise reduction method for the copolymer was developed to improve the decrease in the signal/noise ratio observed in the higher m/z region.

Results

Low‐mass terpolymers (0.7 kDa) were identified by comparing the observed and theoretical results using a two‐dimensional KMD plot. For the 1.5 kDa terpolymer, the signal overlap, of which KMD value was not matched with the theoretical one, was interpreted by the shift from the theoretical value in the KMD plot. For the 3.0 kDa terpolymers, the compositional candidates were determined by the prediction based on the compositional information of low‐mass terpolymers previously analyzed. The 4.5 kDa terpolymer was interpreted after the expanded noise filtering.

Conclusions

The terpolymers, whose molecular weight was up to 4.5 kDa, were successfully characterized at a molecular level. The dependency of the St/MMA/nBA composition on molecular weight was observed; that is, the nBA content decreased with an increase in the molecular weight.
Thermal‐Driven Soft‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Industrial Cooling Water Monitoring
Authors: Xuan Ziwei , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Ning , Cao Xia
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a quaternary dielectric soft‐contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (QDSR‐TENG) of low frictional resistance is fabricated for combining TENG with a shape memory alloy (SMA) engine. The introduction of rabbit fur brush and FEP brush results in charge pumps with a partially soft contact structure. Benefiting from the low friction loss of the structure, the QDSR‐TENG can operate stably and continually for 100k cycles without significant output degradation. The SMA engine exhibits thermally induced phase transformation and super‐elasticity and can be utilized for harnessing waste heat energy. The thermal‐driven QDSR‐TENG can operate with a water source of 43 °C with a distinguishable response to the variation of temperatures. Such a low starting temperature not only promotes the harvesting of low‐grade thermal energy, but also results in a self‐monitoring industrial cooling water system. The coupled elastocaloric power and cooling cycle proposed in the thermal‐driven QDSR‐TENG opens a new paradigm for the application in energy harvesting and smart sensing.
Heteroatom Coordination Regulates Iron Single‐Atom‐Catalyst with Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance for Aqueous Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: He Yuting , Jia Yufei , Yu Baozhu , Wang Yi , Li Hongtao , Liu Yongning , Tan Qiang
Published: December 2022

Platinum group metal (PGM)‐free M‐N‐C catalysts have exhibited dramatic electrocatalytic performance and are considered the most promising candidate of the Pt catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the electrocatalytic performance of the M‐N‐C catalysts is still limited by their inferior intrinsic activity and finite active site density. Regulating the coordination environment and increasing the pore structure of the catalyst is an effective strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of the M‐N‐C catalysts. In this work, the coordination environment and pore structure exquisitely regulated Fe‐N‐C catalyst exhibit excellent ORR activity and durability. With the enhanced intrinsic activity and increased active site density, the optimized Fe‐N/S‐C catalyst shows impressive ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.904 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and superior long‐term durability in an alkaline medium. As the advanced physical characterization and theoretical chemistry methods illustrate, the S‐modified Fe‐Nx (Fe‐N3/S‐C) moiety is confirmed as the improved active center for ORR, and the increased active site density further improved ORR efficiency. Based on the Fe‐N/S‐C cathode, a Zn‐air battery is fabricated and shows superior power density (315.4 mW cm−2) and long‐term discharge stability at 20 mA cm−2. This work would open a new perspective to design atomically dispersed iron‐metal site catalysts for advanced electro‐catalysis.
Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Densities via Polymorphic Polar Nanoregions Design
Authors: Li Da , Zhou Di , Wang Dong , Zhao Weichen , Guo Yan , Shi Zhongqi , Zhou Tao , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Singh Charanjeet , Trukhanov Sergei , Sombra Antonio Sergio Bezerra
Published: December 2022

One of the long‐standing challenges of current lead‐free energy storage ceramics for capacitors is how to improve their comprehensive energy storage properties effectively, that is, to achieve a synergistic improvement in the breakdown strength (Eb) and the difference between maximum polarization (Pmax) and remnant polarization (Pr), making them comparable to those of lead‐based capacitor materials. Here, a polymorphic polar nanoregions (PNRs) structural design by first introducing 0.06 mol BaTiO3 into Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 is proposed to construct the morphotropic phase boundary with coexisting structures of micrometer‐size domains and polymorphic nanodomains, enhance the electric field‐induced polarization response (increase Pmax). Then Sr(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 (SAT)‐doped 0.94 Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3 (BNBT) energy storage ceramics with polymorphic PNRs structures are synthesized following the guidance of phase‐field simulation and rational composition design (decrease Pr). Finally, a large recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 8.33 J cm−3 and a high energy efficiency (η) of 90.8% under 555 kV cm−1 are obtained in the 0.85BNBT‐0.15SAT ceramic prepared by repeated rolling process method (enhance Eb), superior to most practical lead‐free competitors increased consideration of the stability of temperature (a variation <±6.2%) and frequency (Wrec > 5.0  cm−3, η > 90%) at 400 kV cm−1. This strategy provides a new conception for the design of other‐based multifunctional energy storage dielectrics.
Physical layer security using boundary technique for emerging wireless communication systems
Authors: Sikiru Ismaeel Abiodun , Olawoyin Lukman Abiodun , Faruk Nasir , Oloyede Abdulkarim Ayopo , Abdulkarim Abubakar , Olayinka Imam‐Fulani Yusuf , Sowande Olugbenga Akinkunmi , Garba Salisu , Imoize Agbotiname Lucky
Published: December 2022

The broadcast nature of radio propagation in wireless communication has been suspected as the loopholes of passive or active attacks by unauthorized users (eavesdroppers). The physical layer security techniques operate at the lowest stack of OSI layer against conventional cryptographic approaches, operating at the upper layer. However, techniques such as channel coding, power (directional antenna and artificial noise), and spread spectrum have been (and continuously) deployed to safeguard against sophisticated attacks. Most of these deployments are theoretical, and a few are enhanced for efficient security against an intruder. In this article, a boundary technique approach is proposed and applied to the physical layer to improve its secrecy‐capacity and subdue adversary effects at the legitimate receiver. Hybrid performance metrics were adopted, and a Monte Carlo simulation was performed. The result obtained using secrecy outage probability, secrecy‐capacity, and intercept‐probability show that our proposed techniques enhance the secret transmission between the main transmitter and legitimate receiver. The simulation results were compared with the analytical methods. It was found that the channel between the transmitter and the main receiver has a better signal‐to‐noise ratio than the corresponding eavesdropper's channel. Conclusively, performance of the proposed technique is validated for applications in emerging wireless communication systems.
Effect of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on oxidative stress parameters and sex hormone levels of modern genotype sows
Authors: Roszkos Róbert , Tóth Tamás , Bazar George , Fébel Hedvig , Mézes Miklós
Published: December 2022

Background

Sows are exposed to severe stress and hormonal challenges during their whole productive life. As polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in immune and reproductive functions, with a better understanding of their role in breeding sows’ nutrition, improved performance and more sustainable pig production can be achieved.

Objectives

In this study, we investigated the effects of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation on the antioxidant status and hormone levels of sows.

Methods

A total of 48 Danish Large white × Danish Landrace sows were supplemented either with sunflower oil (SO) as a control group or with fish oil (FO) as experimental group at the same dose of 10 g/kg feed. Blood samples were collected on day 14 of lactation, 5 days after weaning (insemination), and 30 days after insemination. To estimate antioxidant and reproductive effects, the amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serum 17β oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and 6‐keto prostaglandin F1α (6‐keto PGF1α) levels were investigated.

Results

FO‐based supplementation increased GPx activity on day 14 of lactation. Five days after weaning, the concentration of GSH in FO‐fed sows was significantly higher than that in SO‐fed sows. The E2 content of blood was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group for two of the three examined periods (day 14 of lactation and 30 days after insemination), whereas P4 levels were significantly higher in the experimental group 5 days after weaning. We found that 6‐keto PGF1α levels were systematically lower in the experimental group throughout the trial.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of the major impact of omega‐6 and ‐3 fatty acids on the tested hormone levels, which serve as precursors for the production of E2 and P4 but have an opposite effect on PGF2α production.
Copper(I) and Gold(I) Complexes of Aminofunctionalized Phosphinines: Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Authors: Lin Jinxiong , Frost Daniel S. , Coles Nathan T. , Weber Manuela , Müller Christian
Published: December 2022

A series of novel 3‐N,N‐dimethylaminofunctionalized phosphinines were synthesized and structurally characterized. DFT calculations showed that these aromatic phosphorus heterocycles possess stronger π‐donor and σ‐donor properties compared to the parent phosphinine C5H5P. With CuBr ⋅ SMe2, the corresponding complexes of the type [(phosphinine)2CuBr]2are formed, which show the classical terminal σ‐coordination mode of the phosphorus donor towards the Cu(I) center. Upon reaction with AuCl ⋅ SMe2, mononuclear phosphinine‐Au(I)Cl complexes could be obtained and crystallographically characterized. Moreover, the presence of a SiMe3‐group and a donor‐functionality provide the possibility for post‐synthetic ligand modifications. With CuCl ⋅ SMe2the phosphinine‐based hydrochloride salts forms a rare Cu(I) complex with a Cu4Cl4‐core, that contains two pairs of differently coordinating phosphinine ligands.
A novel synthesis of two decades of microsatellite studies on European beech reveals decreasing genetic diversity from glacial refugia
Authors: Stefanini Camilla , Csilléry Katalin , Ulaszewski Bartosz , Burczyk Jarosław , Schaepman Michael E. , Schuman Meredith C.
Published: December 2022

Genetic diversity influences the evolutionary potential of forest trees under changing environmental conditions, thus indirectly the ecosystem services that forests provide. European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) is a dominant European forest tree species that increasingly suffers from climate change-related die-back. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review of neutral genetic diversity in European beech and created a meta-data set of expected heterozygosity (He) from all past studies providing nuclear microsatellite data. We propose a novel approach, based on population genetic theory and a min–max scaling to make past studies comparable. Using a new microsatellite data set with unprecedented geographic coverage and various re-sampling schemes to mimic common sampling biases, we show the potential and limitations of the scaling approach. The scaled meta-dataset reveals the expected trend of decreasing genetic diversity from glacial refugia across the species range and also supports the hypothesis that different lineages met and admixed north of the European mountain ranges. As a result, we present a map of genetic diversity across the range of European beech which could help to identify seed source populations harboring greater diversity and guide sampling strategies for future genome-wide and functional investigations of genetic variation. Our approach illustrates how to combine information from several nuclear microsatellite data sets to describe patterns of genetic diversity extending beyond the geographic scale or mean number of loci used in each individual study, and thus is a proof-of-concept for synthesizing knowledge from existing studies also in other species.
Einflussfaktoren beim Aufbau von Präventionsketten in Neubaugebieten am Beispiel des Münchner Stadtteils Freiham – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Voss Stephan , Coenen Michaela , Hummel Julia , Jung-Sievers Caroline , Zu Rhein Valerie , Rehfuess Eva
Published: December 2022

Einleitung

Präventionsketten sind integrierte kommunale Strategien zur Förderung von Gesundheit und sozialer Teilhabe von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Familien sowie zur Vermeidung der Folgen von Kinderarmut. Sie sind als intersektorale Netzwerke in mehreren Kommunen in Deutschland etabliert. Der Aufbau von Präventionsketten in Neubaugebieten wurde bislang noch nicht systematisch erforscht. Im Rahmen der Prozessevaluation zur Präventionskette Freiham, die in dem sich derzeit im Bau befindlichen gleichnamigen Münchner Stadtteil implementiert wird, wurde eine qualitative Interview- und Fokusgruppenstudie durchgeführt. Das Ziel war, relevante Einflussfaktoren für den Aufbau von Präventionsketten in einem neu entstehenden Stadtteil zu identifizieren.

Methoden

Für die Studie wurden wiederholt Interviews mit dem Netzwerkwerkmanagement der Präventionskette Freiham durchgeführt sowie eine Fokusgruppe mit Vertreter*innen der beteiligten städtischen Referate. Zudem fanden Interviews mit 12 lokalen Fachkräften aus den Sektoren Bildung, Soziales und Gesundheit statt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mit der Methode der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse in Anlehnung an Mayring.

Ergebnisse

Wichtige Einflussfaktoren für eine gelingende Implementierung stellten aus Sicht der Teilnehmer*innen die Ausstattung mit finanziellen und personellen Ressourcen sowie die Unterstützung durch die kommunale Politik und Verwaltungsspitzen dar. Für eine erfolgreiche Arbeit im Netzwerk waren die zentrale Netzwerkkoordination, eine transparente Kommunikation, die Integration der unterschiedlichen Interessen der Akteur*innen und die Vermittlung eines Mehrwerts des Engagements entscheidend. Eine spezifische Herausforderung für das Setting eines Neubaugebiets war der Aufbau von bedarfs- und zielgruppenorientierten Netzwerkstrukturen angesichts einer zunächst geringen Anzahl an Bewohner*innen und noch nicht etablierter Unterstützungsstrukturen.

Schlussfolgerung

Ausreichende Finanzierung und Rückhalt in Politik und Verwaltung sind zentrale Einflussfaktoren für die Implementierung einer Präventionskette in Kommunen. Insbesondere in Neubaugebieten ohne gewachsene Infrastruktur erfordert der Aufbauprozess eine langfristig angelegte Unterstützung.
Review: CO2 capturing methods of the last two decades
Authors: Kammerer S. , Borho I. , Jung J. , Schmidt M. S.
Published: December 2022

Due to the annual increase in CO2 emissions, climate change continues to progress. In order to achieve the goals set in the Paris Climate Agreement, CO2 capturing measures are necessary in addition to the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. This review article describes and discusses the CO2 capturing methods published in the last 20 years. Processes for absorption, gas–solid reaction, adsorption, cryogenic processes, membrane processes and the capture of carbon dioxide with natural inclusion were examined in more detail.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior for a Timoshenko system with internal damping and logarithmic source terms
Authors: Cordeiro Sebastião Martins Siqueira , Pereira Ducival Carvalho , da Costa Baldez Carlos Alessandro , da Cunha Carlos Alberto Raposo
Published: December 2022

This manuscript deals with a Timoshenko system with damping and source. The existence and stability of the solution are analyzed taking into account the competition of the internal damping versus the logarithmic source. We use the potential well theory. For initial data in the stability set created by the Nehari surface, the existence of global solutions is proved using Faedo–Galerkin’s approximation. The exponential decay is given by the Nakao theorem. A numerical approach is presented to illustrate the results obtained.
Does the Public Health Security Capacity Provide Better Preparedness for Health Emergencies? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 180 Countries During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Durmuş Veli
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the association between the health security capacities at the national level and preparedness for health emergencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the GHS report to evaluate the global health security capabilities in 180 countries. A linear regression analysis was performed with COVID-19 outcomes, as measured by the rate of incidence and vaccination doses, CFR, and PCR tests. Spearman correlation was used among potential explanatory factors.

Findings:

The GHS Index was inversely correlated with CFR and incidence rates, whereas it was positively associated with the vaccination and the PCR test rates. Countries with high health security capacities were significantly more likely to provide better preparedness for health emergencies in response to the outbreak. However, the vaccination doses’ rate and the number of PCR tests were significantly differ depending on countries’ income levels.

Conclusions:

Although health security capacity is essential to control public health emergencies effectively, it cannot predict whether or how well a country will use them in a crisis. Policymakers should identify their risk factors and capacity gaps and take into consideration the building of health security capacities in national budgets for long-term public health preparedness.
Comparison of Antarctic iceberg observations by Cook in 1772–75, Halley in 1700, Bouvet in 1739 and Riou in 1789 with modern data
Authors: Martin Seelye , Long David G. , Schodlok Michael P.
Published: December 2022

During Cook's 1772–75 Antarctic circumnavigation on the HMS Resolution, he recorded the positions of hundreds of icebergs. This paper compares Cook's observations and those of Halley in 1700, Bouvet in 1739 and Riou in 1789, with the Brigham Young University/National Ice Center (BYU/NIC) and the Alfred Wegener Institute datasets. Cook's description of the iceberg plume east of the Amery Ice Shelf and the iceberg distributions in the Weddell, Ross and Amundsen Seas agree with modern data. In January 1774, Cook reached his farthest south on the shelf of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, the site of the current International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration field study. Cook's largest iceberg had a 2.5 km diameter, where power-law models show that icebergs of this size or smaller comprise 92% of their total number. In the eastern Weddell, Cook's observation of a sea-ice tongue with a much greater extent than in satellite imagery remains unexplained. Although Riou's icebergs lie 1000 km east of the BYU/NIC trajectories, application of the England and others (2020) fracture and drift model to the trajectories removes the discrepancy and means that all the ship observations are consistent with modern observations and theory.
Family Influence and Environmental Proactiveness of Family Firms in China: A Mixed Gamble Perspective
Authors: Liu Bin , Qian Gongming , Au Kevin Yuk-fai
Published: December 2022

Built upon the mixed gamble perspective, we used a recent survey on Chinese family firms (FFs) and found that increased family influence lowers Chinese FF environmental proactiveness, as they show a peculiar tendency to take a financial view rather than a socioemotional wealth view. Moreover, we found that increased resource endowment attenuates this tendency, whereas provincial marketization strengthens it. However, entrepreneur reputation does not have a significant moderating effect. Overall, the study enriches an understanding of environmental proactiveness for FFs, organizational heterogeneity, and institutional differences. It also introduces new elements into the mixed gamble framework.
Arterial switch operation and aortic valve replacement for transposition of great arteries in adulthood: two cases from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Mishra Anand Kumar , Patel Nishit , Raja Javid , Aggarwal Hiteshi , Bansal Vidur
Published: December 2022

The surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction continues to evolve. The survival of an unrepaired transposition of the great arteries into late adulthood is a rarity. Even when large intracardiac shunts are present, it remains a lethal cyanotic CHD if it is not surgically corrected soon after birth. We present our experience of two cases, both of whom underwent a single-stage arterial switch operation and an aortic valve replacement for this defect.
Parallel and identical test–retest reliability of the Tower of London test – Freiburg version
Authors: Schyle Valentin , Schumacher Lena V. , Rahm Benjamin , Unterrainer Josef M.
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

The Tower of London – Freiburg version (TOL-F) was developed in three parallel-test versions (A, B, and C) that only differ in their physical appearance by interchanged ball colors, but not in their cognitive demands. We addressed the question whether the test–retest reliability of an identical problem set differs from the parallel test–retest reliability of a structurally identical problem set with a marginally different physical appearance.

Methods:

Reliabilities were assessed in two samples of young adults over a 1-week interval: In the parallel test–retest sample (n = 93; 49 female), half of the participants accomplished version A at the first session and version B at the second session, while the other half started with version B in the first session and continued with A in the second session. In the identical test–retest sample (n = 86; 48 female), half of the participants performed on version A in both the first and the second session, while the other half went through the same procedure with version B.

Results:

For overall planning accuracy, intraclass correlation coefficients for absolute agreement were r = .501 for the parallel test–retest and r = .605 for the identical test–retest sample, with Pearson correlations of r = .559 and r = .708 respectively. Greatest lower bound estimates of reliability were adequate to high in the two samples (ranging between .765 and .854) confirming previous studies.

Conclusions:

Although the TOL-F revealed only moderate intraclass correlations for absolute agreement, it showed some of the highest psychometric indices compared to repeated assessments with other TOL tests.
Getting China’s Political Economy Right: State, Business, and Authoritarian Capitalism
Authors: Chen Ling S.
Published: December 2022

There is no doubt that the political economy of contemporary China has received significant attention, both in academic disciplines and in the real world. The role of the state in the economy and the relations between government and business actors have always been central concerns of classic social science works about China. There are, however, several crucial challenges in studying this topic. The complicated landscape of a multilayered, fragmented Chinese state and numerous state-owned, private, foreign, or mixed-type businesses has made it difficult to tease out their interactions and establish a comprehensive theoretical model. The fast-changing nature of state–market relations and their vast subnational and sectoral variation has often prevented scholars from generalizing those lessons beyond the case or issue area. Yet, among all these, the most daunting challenge is: How can studies of a particularly interesting phenomenon in China’s political economy contribute to broader discussions of state–society relations, regime durability, and state-led development without losing respectable country expertise?
Energetic Charged Particle Observations During Juno's Close Flyby of Ganymede
Authors: Clark G. , Kollmann P. , Mauk B. H. , Paranicas C. , Haggerty D. , Rymer A. , Smith H. T. , Saur J. , Allegrini F. , Duling S. , Ebert R. W. , Kurth W. S. , Gladstone R. , Greathouse T. K. , Li W. , Bagenal F. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. , Szalay J. R. , Sulaiman A. H. , Hansen C. J. , Turner D. L.
Published: December 2022

On 7 June 2021, NASA's Juno mission obtained unique measurements of Ganymede's magnetosphere during a close flyby that brought the spacecraft within ∼1,000 km of its surface. Here Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument observations are presented and analyzed. The electron pitch angle distributions reveal distinct regions of Ganymede's magnetosphere that can be characterized as inbound and outbound magnetospheric boundaries, a magnetotail/wake region, and Ganymede's open field line region. Evidence for energy dependent electron pitch angle structuring is also documented both outside and within Ganymede's magnetosphere. Electron precipitation is observed and mapped to Ganymede's surface along Juno's magnetic footpoint.
Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection at Ganymede's Upstream Magnetopause During the PJ34 Juno Flyby
Authors: Ebert R. W. , Fuselier S. A. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Clark G. , Connerney J. E. P. , DiBraccio G. A. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , McComas D. J. , Montgomery J. , Romanelli N. , Sulaiman A. H. , Szalay J. R. , Valek P. , Wilson R. J.
Published: December 2022

Juno made a close flyby of Ganymede and flew through its magnetosphere on 7 June 2021, including an outbound crossing of Ganymede's upstream magnetopause. We present plasma and magnetic field observations near the upstream magnetopause from Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) and magnetometer. JADE observed enhanced electron fluxes, including field‐aligned electrons accelerated up to 2–3 keV/q, some having bidirectional pitch angle distributions, as Juno crossed Ganymede's magnetopause. Energy enhancements of cold protons and heavy ions originating from Ganymede were also observed on approach to the magnetopause. We interpret the presence of accelerated, field‐aligned electrons as indicating that magnetic reconnection is occurring on magnetic field lines that connect the spacecraft to Ganymede's magnetopause at that time. Counter‐streaming electrons observed on both sides of the magnetopause suggest the presence of multiple reconnection sites, both north and south of the spacecraft.
Electric Discharge in Erupting Mud
Authors: Springsklee C. , Manga M. , Scheu B. , Cimarelli C. , Dingwell D. B.
Published: December 2022

Self‐ignition during the explosive eruption of mud volcanoes can create flames that in some cases reach heights that exceed hundreds of meters. To study the controls on electrical discharge in natural mud, we performed laboratory experiments using a shock‐tube apparatus to simulate explosive eruptions of mud. We vary the water content of the mud and proportions of fine particles. We measure electric discharge within a Faraday cage and we use a high‐speed video camera to image the eruption of mud and some of the electric discharge events. We find that (a) decreasing the proportion of fine particles and (b) increasing water content each suppress the number and magnitude of electric discharge events. Experimentally observed mud volcano lightning occurs where particles exit from the vent and within the jet of erupting particles.
Chemical Compositions, Sources, and Intra‐Regional Transportation of Submicron Particles Between North China Plain and Twain‐Hu Basin of Central China in Winter
Authors: Hu Yao , Kong Shaofei , Zheng Huang , Zheng Shurui , Yao Liquan , Cheng Yi , Niu Zhenzhen , Chen Nan , Xu Ke , Wu Jian , Liu Dantong , Zhao Tianliang , Bai Yongqing , Qi Shihua
Published: December 2022

Regional submicron particles (PM1) compositions, sources, and interaction are still not clear as the desynchrony in observation. This study focused on PM1 at five sites synchronously in North China Plain and Central China during January 2018. The average PM1 mass concentrations decreased from north to south, with higher values in Luohe (125 ± 59.4 μg m−3), followed by borderline cities (54.1–93.3 μg m−3) and a south site of Wuhan (63.6 ± 21.5 μg m−3). Organic matter (41.8%–51.0%) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs; 28.2%–33.2%) occupied the high fractions for all the five sites. Coal combustion and industrial processes mainly raised the differences in PM1 chemical compositions between regions. The changes of NO3−/SO42− between sites were different as a function of relatively humidity and temperature, reflecting the differences of secondary formation mechanism. For a short intraregional transport case from south to north, PM1 increased from 102 to 185 μg m−3 as the accumulation and aerosol‐planet boundary layer interaction under a stable meteorological condition. For a long‐range transport case from north to south with a high wind speed (5.5 m s−1) and boundary layer height (529 m), PM1 decreased by only 0.9 μg m−3 (−1.3%) as the enhanced formation of SIA by 12.6% under increased relative humidity (by 7.2%) and enhanced industrial emission (by 19.1%) at the south site. The results provide a useful data set for modeling PM1 chemical compositions and their impacts and are helpful for regional‐joint control of atmospheric particles and precursor gases.
Global Modeling of Ganymede's Surface Composition: Near‐IR Mapping From VLT/SPHERE
Authors: King Oliver , Fletcher Leigh N.
Published: December 2022

We present maps of Ganymede's surface composition with almost complete longitude coverage, acquired using high spatial resolution near‐infrared (0.95–1.65 μm) observations from the ground‐based VLT/SPHERE instrument. Observed reflectance spectra were modeled using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate abundances and associated uncertainties of water ices, acids, salts and a spectrally flat darkening agent. Results confirm Ganymede's surface is dominated by water ice in young bright terrain (impact craters, sulci), and low‐albedo spectrally flat material in older dark terrain (e.g., Galileo Regio). Ice grain size has strong latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, with larger grains at the equator and on the trailing hemisphere. These trends are consistent with the effects of the latitudinal thermal gradient and global variations in radiation driven sputtering. Sulfuric acid has a low abundance and appears potentially spatially correlated with plasma bombardment, where Ganymede's poles are exposed to the external Jovian magnetic field. Best‐estimate abundances suggest a mixture of salts could be present, although their low abundances, spectral degeneracies and associated uncertainties mean individual salt species cannot be detected with confidence. If present, sodium magnesium sulfate and magnesium chlorate appear tentatively correlated with exogenic plasma bombardment, while magnesium chloride and sulfate appear tentatively correlated with younger terrain, implying a possible endogenic origin. MCMC modeling was also performed on Galileo/NIMS data, showing comparable distributions. The high spatial resolution of SPHERE allows the precise mapping of small scale (<150 km) surface features, which could be used along with higher spectral resolution observations to jointly confirm the presence and distribution of potential species.
Preservation of Organic Matter in Aqueous Deposits and Soils Across the Mars‐Analog Qaidam Basin, NW China: Implications for Biosignature Detection on Mars
Authors: Chen Yan , Shen Jianxun , Liu Li , Sun Yu , Pan Yongxin , Lin Wei
Published: December 2022

A variety of aqueous deposits and soils from gullies, fluvial channels, mountain slopes, alluvial fans, playas, polygons, and yardangs have been found on Mars. However, the occurrence of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in these landscapes under hyperarid and strongly radiative conditions has yet to be fully assessed. With various desiccated landforms analogous to those on Mars, the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China is considered a promising hyperarid Martian analog. Here, aqueous deposits and soils from nine landforms across the extremely dry northwestern Qaidam and from four landforms across the dry southeastern Qaidam were sampled and investigated. Our results reveal that landform and moisture are important controls on organic carbon distribution across the Qaidam Basin, while sedimentary origin has a dominant effect in the extremely dry northwestern Qaidam. Combined with previous studies, low organic carbon contents of soils in the extremely dry northwestern Qaidam suggest possibly low rates of microbial carbon input and of organic carbon degradation in Mars‐like environments. High organic carbon contents of aqueous deposits together with increasing trends along rivers indicate preservation of relic SOM and possibly slow degradation rates of organic matter as compared to their exposure timescale. Moreover, soils from the distal alluvial fan are found to favor the concentration of pedogenic organic carbon as compared to those from other landforms in the dry southeastern Qaidam and from all landforms in the extremely dry northwest. This suggests that subsoils in the distal fans are promising candidate targets for biosignature detection on Mars.
Brain metastatic outgrowth and osimertinib resistance are potentiated by RhoA in EGFR-mutant lung cancer
Authors: Adua Sally J. , Arnal-Estapé Anna , Zhao Minghui , Qi Bowen , Liu Zongzhi Z. , Kravitz Carolyn , Hulme Heather , Strittmatter Nicole , López-Giráldez Francesc , Chande Sampada , Albert Alexandra E. , Melnick Mary-Ann , Hu Bomiao , Politi Katerina , Chiang Veronica , Colclough Nicola , Goodwin Richard J. A. , Cross Darren , Smith Paul , Nguyen Don X.
Published: December 2022

The brain is a major sanctuary site for metastatic cancer cells that evade systemic therapies. Through pre-clinical pharmacological, biological, and molecular studies, we characterize the functional link between drug resistance and central nervous system (CNS) relapse in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor- (EGFR-) mutant non-small cell lung cancer, which can progress in the brain when treated with the CNS-penetrant EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. Despite widespread osimertinib distribution in vivo, the brain microvascular tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with the persistence of malignant cell sub-populations, which are poised to proliferate in the brain as osimertinib-resistant lesions over time. Cellular and molecular features of this poised state are regulated through a Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and Serum Responsive Factor (SRF) gene expression program. RhoA potentiates the outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells on osimertinib treatment, preferentially in response to extracellular laminin and in the brain. Thus, we identify pre-existing and adaptive features of metastatic and drug-resistant cancer cells, which are enhanced by RhoA/SRF signaling and the brain TME during the evolution of osimertinib-resistant disease.
PEAC-seq adopts Prime Editor to detect CRISPR off-target and DNA translocation
Authors: Yu Zhenxing , Lu Zhike , Li Jingjing , Wang Yingying , Wu Panfeng , Li Yini , Zhou Yangfan , Li Bailun , Zhang Heng , Liu Yingzheng , Ma Lijia
Published: December 2022

CRISPR technology holds significant promise for biological studies and gene therapies because of its high flexibility and efficiency when applied in mammalian cells. But endonuclease (e.g., Cas9) potentially generates undesired edits; thus, there is an urgent need to comprehensively identify off-target sites so that the genotoxicities can be accurately assessed. To date, it is still challenging to streamline the entire process to specifically label and efficiently enrich the cleavage sites from unknown genomic locations. Here we develop PEAC-seq, in which we adopt the Prime Editor to insert a sequence-optimized tag to the editing sites and enrich the tagged regions with site-specific primers for high throughput sequencing. Moreover, we demonstrate that PEAC-seq could identify DNA translocations, which are more genotoxic but usually overlooked by other off-target detection methods. As PEAC-seq does not rely on exogenous oligodeoxynucleotides to label the editing site, we also conduct in vivo off-target identification as proof of concept. In summary, PEAC-seq provides a comprehensive and streamlined strategy to identify CRISPR off-targeting sites in vitro and in vivo, as well as DNA translocation events. This technique further diversified the toolkit to evaluate the genotoxicity of CRISPR applications in research and clinics.
Effectiveness of ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 booster vaccination against the Omicron and Delta variants in England
Authors: Kirsebom Freja Cordelia Møller , Andrews Nick , Sachdeva Ruchira , Stowe Julia , Ramsay Mary , Lopez Bernal Jamie
Published: December 2022

Despite the availability of the ChAdOx1-S booster vaccine, little is known about the real-world effectiveness although clinical trials have demonstrated enhanced immunity following a ChAdOx1-S booster. In England 43,171 individuals received a ChAdOx1-S booster whilst 13,038,908 individuals received BNT162b2 in the same period. ChAdOx1-S booster recipients were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.67 (1.64-1.71)), in a clinical risk group (adjusted OR 1.58 (1.54-1.63)), in the clinically extremely vulnerable group (adjusted OR 1.84 (1.79-1.89)) or severely immunosuppressed (adjusted OR 2.05 (1.96-2.13)). The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters is estimated here using a test-negative case-control study. Protection against symptomatic disease with the Omicron variant peaks at 66.1% (16.6 to 86.3%) and 68.5% (65.7 to 71.2%) for the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters in older adults. Protection against hospitalisation peaks at 82.3% (64.2 to 91.3%) and 90.9% (88.7 to 92.7%). For Delta, effectiveness against hospitalisation is 80.9% (15.6% to 95.7%) and 93.9% (92.8% to 94.9%) after ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 booster vaccination. This study supports the consideration of ChAdOx1-S booster vaccination for protection against severe COVID-19 in settings yet to offer boosters and suggests that individuals who received a ChAdOx1-S booster do not require re-vaccination ahead of others.
SIRT7 suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions in mice
Authors: Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Sato Yoshifumi , Sobuz Shihab U. , Mizumoto Tomoya , Tsuyama Tomonori , Karim Md. Fazlul , Miyata Keishi , Tasaki Masayoshi , Yamazaki Masaya , Kariba Yuichi , Araki Norie , Araki Eiichi , Kajimura Shingo , Oike Yuichi , Braun Thomas , Bober Eva , Auwerx Johan , Yamagata Kazuya
Published: December 2022

Brown adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of the energy balance by expending energy to produce heat. NAD+-dependent deacylase sirtuins have widely been recognized as positive regulators of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, here we reveal that SIRT7, one of seven mammalian sirtuins, suppresses energy expenditure and thermogenesis by regulating brown adipose tissue functions. Whole-body and brown adipose tissue-specific Sirt7 knockout mice have higher body temperature and energy expenditure. SIRT7 deficiency increases the protein level of UCP1, a key regulator of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that SIRT7 deacetylates insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2, an RNA-binding protein that inhibits the translation of Ucp1 mRNA, thereby enhancing its inhibitory action on Ucp1. Furthermore, SIRT7 attenuates the expression of batokine genes, such as fibroblast growth factor 21. In conclusion, we propose that SIRT7 serves as an energy-saving factor by suppressing brown adipose tissue functions.
Strain control of hybridization between dark and localized excitons in a 2D semiconductor
Authors: Hernández López Pablo , Heeg Sebastian , Schattauer Christoph , Kovalchuk Sviatoslav , Kumar Abhijeet , Bock Douglas J. , Kirchhof Jan N. , Höfer Bianca , Greben Kyrylo , Yagodkin Denis , Linhart Lukas , Libisch Florian , Bolotin Kirill I.
Published: December 2022

Mechanical strain is a powerful tuning knob for excitons, Coulomb-bound electron–hole complexes dominating optical properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. While the strain response of bright free excitons is broadly understood, the behaviour of dark free excitons (long-lived excitations that generally do not couple to light due to spin and momentum conservation) or localized excitons related to defects remains mostly unexplored. Here, we study the strain behaviour of these fragile many-body states on pristine suspended WSe2 kept at cryogenic temperatures. We find that under the application of strain, dark and localized excitons in monolayer WSe2—a prototypical 2D semiconductor—are brought into energetic resonance, forming a new hybrid state that inherits the properties of the constituent species. The characteristics of the hybridized state, including an order-of-magnitude enhanced light/matter coupling, avoided-crossing energy shifts, and strain tunability of many-body interactions, are all supported by first-principles calculations. The hybridized excitons reported here may play a critical role in the operation of single quantum emitters based on WSe2. Furthermore, the techniques we developed may be used to fingerprint unidentified excitonic states.