bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemically controlled micro-pores and nano-filters for separation tasks in 2D and 3D microfluidic systems
Authors: Haefner Sebastian , Frank Philipp , Langer Enrico , Gruner Denise , Schmidt Ulrike , Elstner Martin , Gerlach Gerald , Richter Andreas
Published: October 2017

Chemically adapted size exclusion functionalities of PNIPAAm-based nano-filters or micro-pores for separation tasks in microfluidics is presented.
Green aqueous biphasic systems containing deep eutectic solvents and sodium salts for the extraction of protein
Authors: Pang Jingyu , Sha Xiaofang , Chao Yanhong , Chen Guangying , Han Changri , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming , Zhang Qi
Published: October 2017

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new type of green solvents, were applied for the extraction of proteins with aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) in this study.
Versicotides D–F, new cyclopeptides with lipid-lowering activities
Authors: Chen Ran , Cheng Zhongbin , Huang Jian , Liu Dong , Wu Chongming , Guo Peng , Lin Wenhan
Published: October 2017

Versicotides D–F, new cyclopeptides were isolated from a gorgonian-derived fungusAspergillus versicolorLZD-14-1 and showed lipid-lowering effects.
Peptide GEQQQQPGM derived from rice α-globulin reduces the risk of atherosclerosis in hamsters by improving vascular endothelial cells injury
Authors: Tong Li-Tao , Ju Zhiyuan , Qiu Ju , Wang Lili , Liu Liya , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Sumei
Published: October 2017

The amino acid sequence of the peptide, GEQQQQPGM was determined by LC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS.
Preparation and evaluation of polyampholyte inhibitor DAM
Authors: Ma Fengjie , Pu Xiaolin , Wang Bo , Li Jia , Cao Cheng
Published: October 2017

In this study, polyampholyte inhibitor DAM was synthesized from three monomers, namely, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, methyl allyl alcohol and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, by aqueous solution polymerization.
Development of a flexible and stretchable tactile sensor array with two different structures for robotic hand application
Authors: Wang Xiaozhi , Xu Tianbai , Dong Shurong , Li Shijian , Yu Liyang , Guo Wei , Jin Hao , Luo Jikui , Wu Zhaohui , King Jong Min
Published: October 2017

A flexible capacitance sensors array for robot hand application which could be used for objects distinction.
Growth, characterization, and thin film transistor application of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite on polymeric gate dielectric layers
Authors: Ngai Jenner H. L. , Ho Johnny K. W. , Chan Rocky K. H. , Cheung S. H. , Leung Louis M. , So S. K.
Published: October 2017

Micron-size organolead perovskite crystals grown on insulating polymeric surfaces as gate dielectric materials for high performance thin film transistors.
Synthesis and NO2gas-sensing properties of coral-like indium oxide via a facile solvothermal method
Authors: Zhang Haijiao , Xu Xiumei , Zhu Yongsheng , Bao Keyan , Lu Zhiwen , Sun Peng , Sun Yanfeng , Lu Geyu
Published: October 2017

In this work, coral-like indium oxide was synthesizedviaan environmentally friendly one-step solvothermal method and the gas sensing properties were investigated.
Tailored fabrication of TiO2@carbon nanofibers composites via foaming agent migration
Authors: Sui Xianhang , Li Xianhua , Chen Liang , Li Guangyou , Lin Fengsen , Liu Changbo
Published: October 2017

Based on the merits and demerits of conventional methods for fabricating TiO2@carbon nanofibers (TiO2@CNFs) composites, the composites were prepared via a foaming-assisted electrospinning strategy and subsequent thermal treatment.
An in vitro test system for evaluation of SCAP–SREBP pathway inhibitory activities of Traditional Chinese Medicines
Authors: Li Jianzong , Wang Xin , Yuan Yuan , Long Xin , Bao Jinku , Li Xin
Published: October 2017

In vitroassay system demonstrates thatRhizoma AlismatisandSemen Cassiaeshow beneficial effects on inhibition of SCAP–SREBP pathway activities.
One-pot, two-step synthesis and photophysical properties of 2-(5-phenylindol-3-yl)benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Lyu Liu , Cai Liu , Wang Yun , Huang Jinfeng , Zeng Xiangchao , Liu Porun
Published: October 2017

A one-pot, two-step procedure is developed for synthesis of fluorescent 2-(5-phenylindol-3-yl)benzimidazoles with high yield.
Visible-light induced tandem radical cyanomethylation and cyclization of N-aryl acrylamides: access to cyanomethylated oxindoles
Authors: Gao Xiaoshuang , Dong Wuheng , Hu Bei , Gao Huang , Yuan Yao , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: October 2017

A visible-light induced cyanomethylation of N-aryl acrylamides with bromoacetonitrile followed by intramolecular cyclization has been explored.
Graphene sandwiched platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Li Xiyu , Zhang Lichun , Chu Binhua , Liu Qiyi , Lu Yalin
Published: October 2017

The gold nanoparticle–monolayer graphene–silver nanoarray sandwich structure exhibits excellent SERS activity of high sensitivity and good reproducibility.
One-pot synthesis of MoS2/WS2 ultrathin nanoflakes with vertically aligned structure on indium tin oxide as a photocathode for enhanced photo-assistant electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Jiang Xinxin , Sun Baoliang , Song Ye , Dou Meiling , Ji Jing , Wang Feng
Published: October 2017

A hierarchical structure composed of vertically aligned ultrathin two dimensional (2D) MoS2/WS2 nanosheets is fabricated through a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction.
Development of pre-service chemistry teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Cetin-Dindar Ayla , Boz Yezdan , Yildiran Sonmez Demet , Demirci Celep Nilgun
Published: October 2017

In this study, a mixed-method design was employed to investigate pre-service chemistry teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development. For effective technology integration in instruction, knowledge about technology is not enough; teachers should have different knowledge types which are content, pedagogical, and technological. The 17 pre-service chemistry teachers who enrolled in the Instructional Technology and Material Development course participated in the study for one semester. The purpose of this course was to learn how to integrate simulations, animations, instructional games, data-logging, virtual labs and virtual field trips into chemistry instruction considering factors such as chemistry subjects and students’ possible alternative conceptions or their previous chemistry knowledge. A survey and interviews were used to gather data on the pre-service chemistry teachers’ TPACK framework both before and after the semester. A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in the pre-service teachers’ TPACK at two time periods considering also the gender factor. For the qualitative data, deductive analysis based on existing codes and categories was applied. The quantitative and qualitative findings of this study revealed that the pre-service chemistry teachers’ TPACK improved partially on some components. In addition, based on these findings, gender was not found to be a significant variable in technology integration. For further development in the TPACK framework, more context related technology applications in a learning and teaching environment are needed.
Sensing iron availability via the fragile [4Fe–4S] cluster of the bacterial transcriptional repressor RirA
Authors: Pellicer Martinez Ma Teresa , Martinez Ana Bermejo , Crack Jason C. , Holmes John D. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Johnston Andrew W. B. , Cheesman Myles R. , Todd Jonathan D. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: October 2017

The global iron regulator RirA controls transcription of iron metabolism genes via the binding of a fragile [4Fe–4S] cluster.
Continuous silicon oxycarbide fiber mats with tin nanoparticles as a high capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tolosa Aura , Widmaier Mathias , Krüner Benjamin , Griffin John M. , Presser Volker
Published: October 2017

Continuous fiber mats are attractive electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, because they allow operation at high charge/discharge rates in addition to being free of polymer binders and conductive additives.
Photothermal nanocomposite membranes for direct solar membrane distillation
Authors: Wu Jinjian , Zodrow Katherine R. , Szemraj Peter B. , Li Qilin
Published: October 2017

Photothermal membranes that convert light to heat locally on the membrane surface and significantly improve membrane distillation flux and energy efficiency have been reported.
Hollow and microporous catalysts bearing Cr(iii)–F porphyrins for room temperature CO2 fixation to cyclic carbonates
Authors: Kim Myung Hyun , Song Taemoon , Seo Ue Ryung , Park Ji Eun , Cho Kyoungil , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Ko Yoon-Joo , Chung Young Keun , Son Seung Uk
Published: October 2017

Hollow and microporous Cr(iii)–F porphyrin networks showed excellent catalytic activities in room temperature CO2 fixation with epoxides to cyclic carbonates due to the hollow structure and the efficient Lewis acidic activity.
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on high-quality CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films modified by V2Ox additives
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , He Tingwei , Liu Kaikai , Wang Jiaxiang , Zhou Yawei , Yang Jien , Liu Hairui , Jiang Yurong , Ma Heng , Yuan Mingjian
Published: October 2017

An efficient and stable inverted planar PSC with V2Ox additives is prepared in ambient air.
General synthesis of MFe2O4/carbon (M = Zn, Mn, Co, Ni) spindles from mixed metal organic frameworks as high performance anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhong-Jie , Cheng Si , Rong Haibo , Jiang Zhongqing , Huang Jianlin
Published: October 2017

A general method has been developed for the synthesis of MFe2O4/C (M = Zn, Mn, Co, Ni) spindles using a MOF assisted method, which are of particular interest for many electrochemistry-based applications.
Bimetal–organic framework assisted polymerization of pyrrole involving air oxidant to prepare composite electrodes for portable energy storage
Authors: Jiao Yang , Chen Gang , Chen Dahong , Pei Jian , Hu Yongyuan
Published: October 2017

Heterocyclic pyrrole molecules arein situpolymerized in the absence of an oxidant between the layers of bimetal–organic frameworks, resulting in high energy density and power density simultaneously.
Synergic effect of Bi, Sb and Te for the increased stability of bulk alloying anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Orzech Marcin W. , Mazzali Francesco , McGettrick James D. , Pleydell-Pearce Cameron , Watson Trystan M. , Voice Wayne , Jarvis David , Margadonna Serena
Published: October 2017

A 12.5 at% replacement of Sb with Bi in Sb2Te3leads to a Na-ion battery anode material with enhanced resistance to mechanical degradation when used as micron-sized powder and not as a nanostructured carbon composite.
V2O5 embedded in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays as free-standing electrodes for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Haifeng , Cai Xiaoyi , Qian Yao , Zhang Chunyan , Zhou Lijun , Liu Weilan , Li Baosheng , Lai Linfei , Huang Wei
Published: October 2017

V2O5 embedded in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays as free-standing electrodes for flexible supercapacitors.
Ab initio study of the role of iodine in the degradation of CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Zhang Linghai , Sit Patrick H.-L.
Published: October 2017

DFT calculations were carried out to study the roles of iodine, excess electrons and holes on the MAPbI3 surface degradation.
Thermocatalytic syntheses of highly defective hybrid nano-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Weng Xiaole , Zhang Yili , Bi Feng , Dong Fan , Wu Zhongbiao , Darr Jawwad A.
Published: October 2017

A combination of nanoparticles made using sc-H2O followed by heat-treatment in nitrogen facilitates the production of highly defective and stable heterojunction photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
A pinecone-inspired hierarchical vertically aligned nanosheet array electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Jun , Wei Junchao , Xu Yazhou , Xiao Yingbo , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2017

A pinecone-inspired hierarchical CNFs/NiCo2S4@PPy electrode was elaborately engineered to achieve excellent electrochemical performance due to the favorable structural design.
Hierarchical 1T-MoS2 nanotubular structures for enhanced supercapacitive performance
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhang Ke , Wang Changda , Zhang Youkui , Chen Shuangming , Wu Chuanqiang , Vasileff Anthony , Qiao Shi-Zhang , Song Li
Published: October 2017

Layered transition metal disulfides are currently being widely studied for advanced energy generation and storage applications.
Resolving the degradation pathways of the O3-type layered oxide cathode surface through the nano-scale aluminum oxide coating for high-energy density sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Hwang Jang-Yeon , Myung Seung-Taek , Choi Ji Ung , Yoon Chong Seung , Yashiro Hitoshi , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: October 2017

Nano-scale Al2O3 coating was effective at resolving the degradation pathways of the cathode surface in sodium-ion batteries.
Deterioration mechanism of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite–SiOx power batteries under high temperature and discharge cycling conditions
Authors: Liu Cheng , Qian Kun , Lei Danni , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , He Yan-Bing
Published: October 2017

The capacity degradation of NCA/graphite–SiOx batteries under high temperature is attributed to lithium loss from the NCA cathode and structure decay of the graphite–SiOx anode.
An anthraquinone-based highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for sequential detection of Cu2+ and S2− with intracellular application
Authors: Hou Lingjie , Kong Xiangyu , Wang Yishou , Chao Jianbin , Li Chenzhong , Dong Chuan , Wang Yu , Shuang Shaomin
Published: October 2017

An anthraquinone-based highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric probe for sequential detection of Cu2+ and S2− with intracellular application is reported.
Controlled release of BMP-2 from a collagen-mimetic peptide-modified silk fibroin–nanohydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Zhang Yanxia , Li Bin , Gu Yong , Chen Liang
Published: October 2017

Controlled release of BMP-2 from a collagen-mimetic peptide-modified scaffold for bone regeneration.
Novel specific peptides as superior surface stabilizers for silver nano structures: role of peptide chain length
Authors: Ahumada M. , Jacques E. , Andronic C. , Comer J. , Poblete H. , Alarcon E. I.
Published: October 2017

Three collagen peptides containing the CLK motif were tested for silver nanoparticle surface stabilization.
Construction of core–shell tecto dendrimers based on supramolecular host–guest assembly for enhanced gene delivery
Authors: Chen Feng , Kong Lingdan , Wang Le , Fan Yu , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: October 2017

A facile supramolecular assembly approach has been developed to construct core–shell tecto dendrimers with aminated surfaces for enhanced gene delivery.
Mercaptomethylphenyl-modified tetraphenylethene as a multifunctional luminophor: stimuli-responsive luminescence color switching and AIE-active chemdosimeter for sulfur mustard simulants
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Dong-En , Guan Jianping , Han Xiang , Xue Pengchong , Liu Wenming , Yuan Mao-Sen , Wang Jinyi
Published: October 2017

A tetraphenylethene-based multifunctional luminophor as solid-state luminescence material and chemdosimeter for sulfur mustard was successfully constructed.
Metal organic framework-derived CoZn alloy/N-doped porous carbon nanocomposites: tunable surface area and electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Feng Wei , Wang Yaming , Chen Junchen , Li Baoqiang , Guo Lixin , Ouyang Jiahu , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: October 2017

CoZn alloy/N-doped porous carbon with tunable surface area and dielectric properties was synthesized and shows outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption properties.
The strong dependence of the bi-functionalities of core–shell-like gold-based nanocomposites on the size of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Qin Lixia , Liu Jiefei , Kang Shi-Zhao , Li Guodong , Li Xiangqing
Published: October 2017

Gold nanoparticles of various sizes were facially assembled with a glycine derivative and graphene quantum dots, respectively. The obtained gold-based composites showed a strong dependence of fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering response on the size of the AuNPs.
AIE-active molecule-based self-assembled nano-fibrous films for sensitive detection of volatile organic amines
Authors: Hu Jinyang , Liu Rui , Zhai Shengliang , Wu Yanan , Zhang Haozhe , Cheng Hanting , Zhu Hongjun
Published: October 2017

AIE-active molecule-based self-assembled nano-fibrous films were designed and prepared for the sensitive detection of volatile organic amines.
Molecular doping in organic semiconductors: fully solution-processed, vacuum-free doping with metal–organic complexes in an orthogonal solvent
Authors: Fujimoto Ryo , Yamashita Yu , Kumagai Shohei , Tsurumi Junto , Hinderhofer Alexander , Broch Katharina , Schreiber Frank , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun
Published: October 2017

A novel route of molecular doping in organic semiconductors is demonstrated to achieve high carrier concentration.
L21 and XA ordering competition in titanium-based full-Heusler alloys
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yuan Hongkuan , Khenata R.
Published: October 2017

In this work, the most popular Ti2-based Heusler alloys are selected as targets to study the site preferences of their atoms by theoretical calculations.
A novel bipolar D–π–A type phenanthroimidazole/carbazole hybrid material for high efficiency nondoped deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes with NTSC CIEy and low efficiency roll-off
Authors: Tan Yu , Zhao Zifeng , Shang Liang , Liu Yang , Wei Chen , Li Jiayi , Wei Huibo , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui
Published: October 2017

Nondoped OLEDs utilizing a new emitter exhibited EL with NTSC CIEy and high EQEmax (5.80%) with low efficiency roll-off.
Yb3+/Ln3+/Cr3+ (Ln = Er, Ho) doped transparent glass ceramics: crystallization, Ln3+ sensitized Cr3+ upconversion emission and multi-modal temperature sensing
Authors: Chen Daqin , Liu Shen , Xu Wei , Li Xinyue
Published: October 2017

Ln3+ sensitized Cr3+ upconversion emission is realized in LiGa5O8 embedded glass ceramics, enabling its promising application in multi-modal optical thermometry.
Regulation of human feto-placental endothelial barrier integrity by vascular endothelial growth factors: competitive interplay between VEGF-A165a, VEGF-A165b, PIGF and VE-cadherin
Authors: Pang Vincent , Bates David O. , Leach Lopa
Published: October 2017

The human placenta nourishes and protects the developing foetus whilst influencing maternal physiology for fetal advantage. It expresses several members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family including the pro-angiogenic/pro-permeability VEGF-A165a isoform, the anti-angiogenic VEGF-A165b, placental growth factor (PIGF) and their receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Alterations in the ratio of these factors during gestation and in complicated pregnancies have been reported; however, the impact of this on feto-placental endothelial barrier integrity is unknown. The present study investigated the interplay of these factors on junctional occupancy of VE-cadherin and macromolecular leakage in human endothelial monolayers and the perfused placental microvascular bed. Whilst VEGF-A165a (50 ng/ml) increased endothelial monolayer albumin permeability (P<0.0001), equimolar concentrations of VEGF-A165b (P>0.05) or PlGF (P>0.05) did not. Moreover, VEGF-A165b (100 ng/ml; P<0.001) but not PlGF (100 ng/ml; P>0.05) inhibited VEGF-A165a-induced permeability when added singly. PlGF abolished the VEGF-A165b-induced reduction in VEGF-A165a-mediated permeability (P>0.05); PlGF was found to compete with VEGF-A165b for binding to Flt-1 at equimolar affinity. Junctional occupancy of VE-cadherin matched alterations in permeability. In the perfused microvascular bed, VEGF-A165b did not induce microvascular leakage but inhibited and reversed VEGF-A165a-induced loss of junctional VE-cadherin and tracer leakage. These results indicate that the anti-angiogenic VEGF-A165b isoform does not increase permeability in human placental microvessels or HUVEC primary cells and can interrupt VEGF-A165a-induced permeability. Moreover, the interplay of these isoforms with PIGF (and s-flt1) suggests that the ratio of these three factors may be important in determining the placental and endothelial barrier in normal and complicated pregnancies.
Image quality assessment employing joint structure‐colour histograms as quality‐aware features
Authors: Ding Yong , Deng Ruizhe , Shang Xiaobao
Published: October 2017

Image quality assessment is of fundamental importance for various image processing applications. A novel method is presented in which the joint occurrences of statistical local representation by log‐Gabor filters and texture analysis by local tetra patterns and histograms of colour are considered as quality‐aware features. Then the dissimilarities of these features between the distorted and reference images are quantified and mapped into quality score prediction by utilising a support vector regression. Extensive experiments on LIVE, CSIQ and TID databases show that the proposed method is remarkably consistent with human perception and outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods, and also it is robust across different distortion types and different databases.
Entropy‐based electricity theft detection in AMI network
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kumar , Bose Ranjan , Joshi Anupam
Published: October 2017

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), one of the prime components of the smart grid, has many benefits like demand response and load management. Electricity theft, a key concern in AMI security since smart meters used in AMI are vulnerable to cyber attacks, causes millions of dollar in financial losses to utilities every year. In light of this problem, the authors propose an entropy‐based electricity theft detection scheme to detect electricity theft by tracking the dynamics of consumption variations of the consumers. Relative entropy is used to compute the distance between probability distributions obtained from consumption variations. When electricity theft attacks are launched against AMI, the probability distribution of consumption variations deviates from historical consumption, thus leading to a larger relative entropy. The proposed method is tested on different attack scenarios using real smart‐meter data. The results show that the proposed method detects electricity theft attacks with high detection probability.
EMS communication routings’ optimisation to enhance power system security considering cyber‐physical interdependence
Authors: Guo Qinglai , Xin Shujun , Xu Luo , Sun Hongbin
Published: October 2017

Energy management system (EMS) is one of the most essential categories of the advanced applications in current cyber‐physical power systems. However, because of the tight coupling relationship between a power network and EMS's communication network, a physical break‐line fault may be accompanied by a communication line outage, which may result in regional unobservability and uncontrollability. To maximally avoid and eliminate such operation risks, referring to current EMS's ‘active + standby’ communication configuration scheme in China, the authors propose a dynamic routing optimisation mechanism for its standby communication routings, assigning the most reliable communication lines to the most important information. Such optimisation considers two factors: information's significance and the reliability of communication lines. By introducing cyber‐physical sensitivity index and path‐branch incidence matrix, both factors can be expressed numerically. In the case study, the authors optimise the standby communication routings for a power flow corrective control application under different scenarios. The results verify the effectiveness and superiority of their approach.
Software‐defined dynamic QoS provisioning for smart metering in energy Internet using fog computing and network calculus
Authors: Huang Lina , Liu Yi , Wu Jun , Li Gaolei , Li Jianhua
Published: October 2017

Energy Internet (EI) is a revolution of power systems due to its flexible energy control. The smart meters are the key components in EI which perform real‐time monitoring and require high demands on quality of services (QoSs). Besides, due to the great performance on resolving device‐interconnecting and realising overall network control, software‐defined networks (SDNs) are considered as a trend for future EI. However, most existing software‐defined EI have all the data processed at SDN controller which makes it difficult to realise fine‐grained and deep edge computation and control. Meanwhile, most existing QoS provisioning cannot provide satisfying service for EI because various metering data from smart meters require different time‐variant QoS guarantees. To address above challenges, the authors propose a software‐defined dynamic QoS provisioning for smart metering in EI using fog computing and network calculus (NC). First, a software‐defined EI architecture, where fogs are deployed on smart meters and base stations to realise edge services, is proposed to perform deep edge control in EI. Second, the software‐defined dynamic QoS provisioning based on NC theory is proposed to guarantee QoS. Simulations of latency as well as bandwidth utilisation show the advantages of the proposed scheme.
Onset of 2D magnetic reconnection in the solar photosphere, chromosphere, and corona
Authors: Snow B. , Botha G. J. J. , McLaughlin J. A. , Hillier A.
Published: October 2017

Aims. We aim to investigate the onset of 2D time-dependent magnetic reconnection that is triggered using an external (non-local) velocity driver located away from, and perpendicular to, an equilibrium Harris current sheet. Previous studies have typically utilised an internal trigger to initiate reconnection, for example initial conditions centred on the current sheet. Here, an external driver allows for a more naturalistic trigger as well as the study of the earlier stages of the reconnection start-up process.

Methods. Numerical simulations solving the compressible, resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations were performed to investigate the reconnection onset within different atmospheric layers of the Sun, namely the corona, chromosphere and photosphere.

Results. A reconnecting state is reached for all atmospheric heights considered, with the dominant physics being highly dependent on atmospheric conditions. The coronal case achieves a sharp rise in electric field (indicative of reconnection) for a range of velocity drivers. For the chromosphere, we find a larger velocity amplitude is required to trigger reconnection (compared to the corona). For the photospheric environment, the electric field is highly dependent on the inflow speed; a sharp increase in electric field is obtained only as the velocity entering the reconnection region approaches the Alfvén speed. Additionally, the role of ambipolar diffusion is investigated for the chromospheric case and we find that the ambipolar diffusion alters the structure of the current density in the inflow region.

Conclusions. The rate at which flux enters the reconnection region is controlled by the inflow velocity. This determines all aspects of the reconnection start-up process, that is, the early onset of reconnection is dominated by the advection term in Ohm’s law in all atmospheric layers. A lower plasma-β enhances reconnection and creates a large change in the electric field. A high plasma-β hinders the reconnection, yielding a sharp rise in the electric field only when the velocity flowing into the reconnection region approaches the local Alfvén speed.
Recovering galaxy cluster gas density profiles with XMM-Newton and Chandra
Authors: Bartalucci I. , Arnaud M. , Pratt G. W. , Vikhlinin A. , Pointecouteau E. , Forman W. R. , Jones C. , Mazzotta P. , Andrade-Santos F.
Published: October 2017

We examined the reconstruction of galaxy cluster radial density profiles obtained from Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations, using high quality data for a sample of twelve objects covering a range of morphologies and redshifts. By comparing the results obtained from the two observatories and by varying key aspects of the analysis procedure, we examined the impact of instrumental effects and of differences in the methodology used in the recovery of the density profiles. We find that the final density profile shape is particularly robust. We adapted the photon weighting vignetting correction method developed for XMM-Newton for use with Chandra data, and confirm that the resulting Chandra profiles are consistent with those corrected a posteriori for vignetting effects. Profiles obtained from direct deprojection and those derived using parametric models are consistent at the 1% level. At radii larger than ~6″, the agreement between Chandra and XMM-Newton is better than 1%, confirming an excellent understanding of the XMM-Newton PSF. Furthermore, we find no significant energy dependence. The impact of the well-known offset between Chandra and XMM-Newton gas temperature determinations on the density profiles is found to be negligible. However, we find an overall normalisation offset in density profiles of the order of ~2.5%, which is linked to absolute flux cross-calibration issues. As a final result, the weighted ratios of Chandra to XMM-Newton gas masses computed at R2500 and R500 are r = 1.03 ± 0.01 and r = 1.03 ± 0.03, respectively. Our study confirms that the radial density profiles are robustly recovered, and that any differences between Chandra and XMM-Newton can be constrained to the ~2.5% level, regardless of the exact data analysis details. These encouraging results open the way for the true combination of X-ray observations of galaxy clusters, fully leveraging the high resolution of Chandra and the high throughput of XMM-Newton.
Asymmetric Synthetic Strategies of (R)-(–)-Baclofen: An Antispastic Drug
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Suman Devatha , Reddy Koti
Published: October 2017

Baclofen is an antispastic drug used as a muscle relaxant in the treatment of the paroxysmal pain of trigeminal neuralgia, spasticity of the spinal cord and cerebral origin. Baclofen resides biological activity exclusively in its (R)-(–)-enantiomer. In this review, various asymmetric synthetic strategies for (R)-(–)-baclofen are described.

1 Introduction

2 Resolution Synthetic Approaches

2.1 Chemical Resolution

2.2 Biocatalytic Resolution

3 Asymmetric Desymmetrization

3.1 Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrization

3.2 Enzymatic Desymmetrization

4 Chiral Auxiliary Induced Asymmetric Synthesis

4.1 Asymmetric Michael Addition

4.2 Asymmetric Aldol Addition

4.3 Asymmetric Nucleophilic Substitution

5 Asymmetric Reduction

5.1 Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation

5.2 Bioreduction

6 Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition

7 Conclusion
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-2H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinolinium Chloride Derivatives
Authors: Darehkordi Ali , Rahmani Fariba , Ramezani Mahin , Bazmandegan-Shamili Alireza
Published: October 2017

A series of novel blue-light-emitting 2H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinolinium chloride derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of isoquinoline with trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and isocyanides in dry CH2Cl2 in excellent yields. Fluorescence studies showed that the compounds absorb UV radiation and then emit blue light at about 481 nm with moderate to good fluorescence quantum yields. These compounds also showed high Stokes shifts, and can be used to develop ­ultrasensitive fluorescent molecular probes to study a variety of biological events and processes.
Accounting for Different Reactivities of Sulfinate and Thiosulfate Salts in Regioselective Azetidine Coupling via C–H Sulfenylation of Indoles
Authors: Harrity Joseph , Al-Saedy Muhannad , Nassoy Anne-Chloé
Published: October 2017

The regioselective incorporation of azetidines into heteroaromatic compounds is reported via a formal C–H sulfenylation reaction. While sodium sulfinate salts undergo C3 sulfenylation of electron-rich indoles only, the corresponding thiosulfate salts have proved to be more generally useful. A mechanistic hypothesis for the different reactivities of sulfinate and thiosulfate salts is provided.
Selective N-Monoalkylation of Amide Derivatives with Trialkyl Phosphates
Authors: Sajiki Hironao , Sawama Yoshinari , Asai Shota , Ban Kazuho , Monguchi Yasunari
Published: October 2017

A highly selective and easily handled monoalkylation of primary amide derivatives by using trialkyl phosphates as alkylating reagents in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) was developed. Various monoalkylated amide derivatives were efficiently synthesized by changing the alkyl moiety (e.g., methyl, ethyl, butyl, or benzyl) of the trialkyl phosphate. These phosphate reagents are relatively stable and easily available, and CPME is a useful solvent in process chemistry.
Pd/C-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Arylation for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinones and Dibenzo-α-pyrones
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Shen Guodong , Zhang Tongxin , Wang Zhen , Liang Yuhua
Published: October 2017

Pd/C was found to be an efficient and convenient metal catalyst for intramolecular C–H arylation reactions in the synthesis of phenanthridinones and dibenzo-α-pyrones. A variety of phenanthridinones and dibenzo-α-pyrones were synthesized under the highly active catalytic system of Pd/C-KOAc-DMA in moderate to excellent yields. The high catalytic activity, high recyclability, low costs, and ease of removal of Pd/C, combined with its commercial availability, render this protocol attractive for both synthetic and industrial applications.
Ethikberatung auf der Intensivstation: die „Klinisch Orientierte Beratungsmethode“
Authors: Neitzke Gerald
Published: October 2017

When ethical conflicts arise on the ICU, an ethics case consultation is useful. The aim of this consult is a qualified reflection of the moral values, convictions and assumptions involved in the case. The “clinically oriented method of counselling” provides an adequate structure for case consultations on the ICU. The moral assumptions and estimations contained in medical indications, prognosis, therapeutic aims, risk-benefit assessment and issues of quality of life are discussed and a consensus is sought for. This method is familiar to hospital staff and will effectively support mutual understanding and agreement among physicians, nursing staff and family members. A consensus, facilitated by ethics consultation, expresses the shared belief, that the therapeutic options in question are both scientifically sound and humane. On the one hand the consensus assures the appropriateness of therapeutic goals and therapeutic means, on the other hand it proves the assessment, that patient wishes and preferences have been considered as conclusive as possible.
Kampf den Keimen
Authors: Siebert Jörg , Hallhuber Matthias
Published: October 2017

Hygiene-Konzepte Um zu verhindern, dass pathogene Keime auf Patienten oder
Personal übertragen werden, müssen nicht immer zwingend Antibiotika zum Einsatz
kommen. Unsere Autoren stellen drei neue Konzepte vor, welche die
Infektionsraten zuverlässig senken: das präventive Waschen auf der
Intensivstation, das präoperative Waschen und die präoperative Hautantiseptik
mit sogenannten Kombinationspräparaten.
Laterale Parotidektomie
Authors: Granso Frieder
Published: October 2017

OP-Ablauf In der HNO-Heilkunde am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg werden
jährlich zirka 100 Operationen an der Glandula Parotis durchgeführt. Die
jeweilige Operationsmethode richtet sich dabei nach Art und Lokalisation des
Tumors. Unser Autor schildert am Beispiel eines Patienten mit pleomorphem Adenom
den Ablauf bei einer lateralen Parotidektomie.
„Wer zunehmen will, sollte eine Diät
machen”
Authors: Bakaus Brigitte
Published: October 2017

Bericht einer Betroffenen In den letzten sieben Jahren hat unsere Autorin
60 Kilo abgenommen. Wie sie das geschafft hat, warum herkömmliche Diäten keine
Lösung sind und wie wichtig die Unterstützung einer Selbsthilfegruppe ist,
erzählt sie in ihrem Erfahrungsbericht.
Einzigartige Erlebnisse in atemberaubender Natur und zeitweiliger Verzicht auf gewohnte Sozialkontakte
Authors: Ottomann Christian
Published: October 2017

Der Schiffsarzt an Bord des Forschungsschiffs „Polarstern“ hat viele Pflichten und benötigt verschiedene Qualifikationen. Die Tätigkeit hat jedoch auch extrem positive und unerhört schöne Seiten: Man ist an für viele Menschen unerreichbaren Orten, sieht Tiere in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung und hat Kontakt zu interessanten Persönlichkeiten aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen.
Notfallmäßige Selbstbehandlung für Reisende in Malariagebiete mit geringem Transmissionsrisiko
Authors: Brehm Thomas , Vinnemeier Christof , Rolling Thierry
Published: October 2017

Leitlinien in mehreren europäischen Ländern empfehlen die notfallmäßige Selbstbehandlung einer Malaria (SBET) für Reisende in Malariagebiete mit geringem Transmissionsrisiko. Dabei sollen die mitgeführten Medikamente eingenommen werden, falls eine Malaria möglich und sofortige medizinische Hilfe nicht verfügbar ist. Über die Praktikabilität der SBET wurde innerhalb der Reisemedizin in der Vergangenheit vermehrt spekuliert. Neuere Daten stellen das Konzept der SBET für alle in Regionen mit niedrigem oder mittlerem Transmissionsrisiko Reisende infrage.
Countering racism in counter-terrorism and surveillance discourse
Authors: Sian Katy
Published: October 2017

The war on terror prompted a surge of counter-terror measures across Western democracies in the campaign to contain extremism. The effects of this increased securitization has had major consequences for Muslim and racialized populations more generally, who have found themselves caught up in state surveillance and counter-terror operations. Loose and vague definitions of extremism have meant that the category of ‘terror suspect’ continues to be underpinned by Orientalist, racist, and Islamophobic articulations. This paper offers an introduction to an article collection that seeks to critically address the historical shifts and contemporary developments in counter-terrorism discourse, and their impact upon racial groups in national and international contexts.
Ion temperature gradient turbulence close to the finite heat flux threshold
Authors: Weikl A. , Peeters A. G. , Rath F. , Grosshauser S. R. , Buchholz R. , Hornsby W. A. , Seiferling F. , Strintzi D.
Published: October 2017

The dependence of the heat flux on the temperature gradient length in collisionless ion temperature gradient turbulence has recently been revisited. It has been found that the heat flux is discontinuous at a finite heat flux threshold larger than the (Dimits) interpolated threshold. In this paper, the influence of collisions on the heat flux close to the threshold is investigated. It is found that up to relatively high collision frequencies, relevant to the modern day experiments, a discontinuous behaviour of the heat flux as a function of the gradient length persists. Collisions, however, do lead to a reduction in the gradient length at which the discontinuity is observed. Below the finite heat flux threshold, a state of low turbulence with a vanishing small heat flux persists, which can drive the zonal flow against the collisional dissipation. This state is characterised by the fully developed staircases in the radial ExB shearing profile. Increasing the collision frequency at a fixed gradient length leads to the loss of the fully developed staircase structure with the ExB shearing profile having the form of a sawtooth that allows for avalanche formation and a finite heat flux. At very high collision frequencies or gradient lengths well above the threshold the staircase structure is lost. The simulations indicate that the long wave length zonal flow saturates through a mechanism that directly involves the turbulence intensity.
Optically and electrically co-controlled resistance switching in complex oxide heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Ming , Ni Hao , Huang Weiyi , Qi Yaping , Zeng Jiali , Gao Ju
Published: October 2017

The lattice degree of freedom has been utilized to pursue exotic functionalities in complex oxide heterostructures via various external stimuli, such as light, electric field, and magnetic field. Here, the epitaxial heterostructures composed of photostrictive SrRuO3 thin films and ferroelectric 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single-crystal substrates are fabricated to investigate the light and electric field co-control of lattice order in resistance switching. The electric-field-induced strain-mediated electroresistance response can be effectively tuned by light illumination. This, together with the electric-field-tunable photoresistance effect, demonstrates strong correlation between the light and the electric field, which is essentially mediated by strain-driven lattice-orbital coupling. Our findings provide a platform for realizing multi-field tuning of the lattice degree of freedom and the resultant functionalities in complex oxide heterostructures.
Ferromagnetic resonance investigation of physical origins of modification of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co layered films in the presence of hydrogen gas
Authors: Lueng C. , Zighem F. , Faurie D. , Kostylev M.
Published: October 2017

In our work, we study the physical origins of the hydrogen gas induced reduction of the strength of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at the interface of cobalt and palladium layers. To this end, we grow these films on flexible substrates and carry out ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements in the presence of two different stimuli—hydrogen gas and elastic strain. Exposing the samples to H2 results in a downshift of the FMR field. On the contrary, FMR measurements carried out in the presence of an externally applied predominantly tensile elastic stress show an up-shift in the resonance field consistent with negative values of the saturation magnetostriction coefficient for our samples. Qualitative analysis of these results demonstrates that the magneto-elastic contribution to the hydrogen-induced change in PMA is very small and is of the opposite sign to the electronic contribution related to the influence of hydrogen ions on the hybridisation of cobalt and palladium orbitals at the interface.
Shock drive capabilities of a 30-Joule laser at the matter in extreme conditions hutch of the Linac Coherent Light Source
Authors: Brown Shaughnessy Brennan , Hashim Akel , Gleason Arianna , Galtier Eric , Nam Inhyuk , Xing Zhou , Fry Alan , MacKinnon Andy , Nagler Bob , Granados Eduardo , Lee Hae Ja
Published: October 2017

We measure the shock drive capabilities of a 30 J, nanosecond, 527 nm laser system at the matter in extreme conditions hutch of the Linac Coherent Light Source. Using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector, we ascertain the maximum instantaneous ablation pressure and characterize its dependence on a drive laser spot size, spatial profile, and temporal profile. We also examine the effects of these parameters on shock spatial and temporal uniformity. Our analysis shows the drive laser capable of generating instantaneous ablation pressures exceeding 160 GPa while maintaining a 1D shock profile. We find that slope pulses provide higher instantaneous ablation pressures than plateau pulses. Our results show instantaneous ablation pressures comparable to those measured at the Omega Laser Facility in Rochester, NY under similar optical drive parameters. Finally, we analyze how optical laser ablation pressures are compare with known scaling relations, accounting for variable laser wavelengths.
Modeling of the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature fields in skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue after exposure to ultrasound waves of different frequencies
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L.
Published: October 2017

Temperature fields produced in the skin and adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) during and after exposure to ultrasound (US) waves are significantly dependent on the US frequency. In this study, we present theoretical descriptions of temperature fields appearing in composite skin/sWAT after exposure to US at frequencies of 3 MHz, 10 MHz, and 19 MHz. While the temperature increased by approximately 1.5°C in skin during US exposure at intensities up to 10.0 W/cm2 and a frequency of 3 MHz, this increase reached 9.0°C and 16.0°C at US frequencies of 10 MHz and 19 MHz, respectively. Because of the large difference in heat capacitances and US attenuation coefficients in the skin and adjacent sWAT, the interface between these two layers was subjected to a temperature gradient that increased with US frequency. This gradient was low after applications of US at 3 MHz but was as high as 7.5°C/mm at 10 MHz and 14.0°C/mm at 19 MHz for US intensities of 10.0 W/cm2. High temperature gradients produced by US at the dermis/sWAT interface can significantly affect the adherence between these two layers and thus modulate effective mechanical properties of the skin.
Contact engineering for efficient charge injection in organic transistors with low-cost metal electrodes
Authors: Panigrahi D. , Kumar S. , Dhar A.
Published: October 2017

Controlling charge injection at the metal-semiconductor interface is very crucial for organic electronic devices in general as it can significantly influence the overall device performance. Herein, we report a facile, yet efficient contact modification approach, to enhance the hole injection efficiency through the incorporation of a high vacuum deposited TPD [N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine] interlayer between the electrodes and the active semiconducting layer. The device performance parameters such as mobility and on/off ratio improved significantly after the inclusion of the TPD buffer layer, and more interestingly, the devices with cost effective Ag and Cu electrodes were able to exhibit a superior device performance than the typically used Au source-drain devices. We have also observed that this contact modification technique can be even more effective than commonly used metal oxide interface modifying layers. Our investigations demonstrate the efficacy of the TPD interlayer in effectively reducing the interfacial contact resistance through the modification of pentacene energy levels, which consequently results in the substantial improvement in the device performances.
Electron irradiation effects on the nucleation and growth of Au nanoparticles in silicon nitride membranes
Authors: Timm M. M. , Fabrim Z. E. , Marin C. , Baptista D. L. , Fichtner P. F. P.
Published: October 2017

The formation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) in Au+ ion-implanted silicon nitride thin films and membranes was investigated as a function of post-implantation thermal treatments or room temperature electron irradiation at energies of 80, 120, 160, and 200 keV. The samples were characterized by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. High-temperature thermal annealing (1100 °C, 1 h) resulted in the formation of Au particles with a mean diameter of  ≈1.3 nm. In comparison, room-temperature electron irradiation at energies from 80 to 200 keV caused the formation of larger Au particles according to two growth regimes. The first regime is characterized by a slow growth rate and occurs inside the silicon nitride membrane. The second regime presents a fast growth rate and starts when Au atoms become exposed to the back free surface of the membrane. Realistic binary electron-atom elastic collision cross-sections were used to analyze the observed nanoparticle growth and membrane sputtering phenomena. The results obtained demonstrate that binary electron-atom elastic collisions can account for the microstructure modifications if the critical displacement energies for the sputtering of N and Si atoms are around 14 ± 3 eV, and the displacement energy for surface located Au atoms is approximately 1.25 ± 0.2 eV. Irradiation experiments using focused electron probes demonstrate that the process provides fine control of nanoparticle formation, resulting in well-defined sizes and locations.