bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of AMP‐activated protein kinase in regulating hatching of Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhu Jin‐Xian , Abou El‐Ela Amr S , Wang Ni , Ali Soomro Abid , Shi Zhe‐Yi , Zhou Ying , Khan Muhammad Musa , Zhou Wen‐Wu , Zhu Zeng‐Rong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

RNA interference (RNAi) has been proposed as a promising strategy for sustainable and eco‐friendly pest management. Nutrient and energy signals are vital for embryonic development and hatching in insects. A key player in cellular energy sensing is adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which functions in embryonic development and hatching, and remains poorly understood.

RESULTS

In this study, we identified the three subunits of the NlAMPK gene, NlAMPKα, NlAMPKβ, and NlAMPKγ, in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that all these three subunits were highly expressed in eggs and ovaries. RNAi of NlAMPKα, NlAMPKβ, and NlAMPKγ in newly emerged BPH females resulted in hatching failure of the eggs they laid. Transcriptomic analysis identified a significant down‐regulation of a chitinase (NlChit) gene's transcription on the NlAMPK subunits’ knockdown. Notably, NlChit knockdown led to up‐regulation of the three NlAMPK subunits, and reduced hatchability and thicker serosal cuticle.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrate that NlAMPK could serve as a potential RNAi target for BPH control, and its mechanism is probably by down‐regulating the expression of NlChit. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preventative insecticides reduce seedling injury, but do not increase yield in Bt and non‐Bt corn grown in the mid‐Atlantic
Authors: Cramer Maria E , Hamby Kelly A
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Field corn production systems rely on preventative insect management tactics, including hybrids expressing plant‐incorporated protectants that are treated with neonicotinoid seed treatments and sometimes in‐furrow pyrethroids. While effective seedling pest control can be crucial because of the cost of replanting, these treatments target many of the same pests and may add unnecessary costs for growers. Furthermore, seedling pests in the Mid‐Atlantic tend to be sporadic, and preventative insecticides may negatively impact natural enemies. To better understand the value of common preventative tactics, we evaluated pest pressure and compared a neonicotinoid seed treatment (clothianidin) and an in‐furrow pyrethroid (bifenthrin) in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non‐Bt corn hybrids.

RESULTS

In Bt hybrids, the in‐furrow pyrethroid did not decrease pest injury, increase stand, or increase yield, while the neonicotinoid seed treatment decreased pest injury and increased stand but did not increase yield. In a non‐Bt hybrid, both insecticides decreased pest injury, but neither increased stand or yield. Above‐ and below‐ground pest injury was scarce throughout the study, but even in the site‐year with the most extensive injury, insecticides did not result in yield gains.

CONCLUSION

Implementing efficient economically and environmentally sustainable corn pest management requires a thorough understanding of the contributions of each component of the pest control system. By thoroughly exploring pest pressure in Bt and non‐Bt systems, this study shows that preventative insecticide use could be scaled back in many cases, especially given the environmental and economic costs associated with them. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Attraction of cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) to host plant odors
Authors: Rüde Daniel , Ulber Bernd , Cook Samantha M. , Rostás Michael
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) faces substantial yield losses in Europe due to the cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB, Psylliodes chrysocephala). Synthetic insecticide use is constrained by resistance and environmental concerns, necessitating innovative pest control strategies. Understanding CSFB host plant selection, particularly through volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is essential for developing sustainable and efficient methods. This study investigated the olfactory response of CSFB in their pre‐aestivation stage to plant VOCs.

RESULTS

Olfactometer bioassays showed that female CSFB were attracted to VOCs from mechanically damaged OSR plants (BBCH 10 and BBCH 14), while undamaged OSR plants elicited no response. Damaged seedlings of Sinapis alba and Brassica rapa were not attractive. When testing individual isothiocyanates, again only female CSFB showed a positive response in the olfactometer bioassays, while no response was found for two green leaf volatiles.

CONCLUSION

This research provides insights into the olfactory behavior of CSFB and, to our knowledge, is the first to show behavioral responses of adult CSFB towards host plant volatiles in olfactometer tests. Interestingly, only females responded to VOCs, suggesting sexual dimorphism in olfactory sensitivity during this life stage. These findings may help to lay the groundwork for further studies aimed at improving pest management strategies in OSR cultivation. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Photo‐Gain Effect in κ‐Ga2O3 UV‐C Photoresistors Induced by Trapping of Photogenerated Holes
Authors: Asteriti Andrea , Verzellesi Giovanni , Sozzi Giovanna , Baraldi Andrea , Mazzolini Piero , Moumen Abderrahim , Parisini Antonella , Pavesi Maura , Bosi Matteo , Mosca Roberto , Seravalli Luca , Fornari Roberto
Published: February 2025

The “photo‐gain effect” amplifying the DC photocurrent of κ‐Ga2O3 UV‐C photoresistors is analyzed by means of 2D numerical simulations and linked to the capture of photogenerated holes by deep donor levels, probably associated with oxygen vacancies. The resulting ionization of the deep donors leads to an increase in the electron density, hence to enhanced conductivity under illumination.
Contemporary American Literature in Distance Learning: Creating Reading Motivation and Student Engagement
Authors: Yu Lide , Cai Lianghui
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of distance learning primarily depends on the motivation and engagement of students. The aim of this article is to determine whether the developed online course enhances students' motivation to read and their engagement with contemporary American literature. The methodology is based on an experimental design. A mixed‐methods approach was employed for data analysis, combining statistical data analysis (t‐test) with qualitative survey methods (pre‐ and post‐testing). The study was conducted with a sample of 150 Chinese students from two universities (Leshan Normal University and Wuhan Qingchuan University), who took the “Contemporary American Literature” course from September to December 2022. The pre‐and post‐testing data indicate significant improvements across most parameters. For instance, reading efficiency, students' confidence in their reading abilities, and their potential to succeed in reading tasks increased by 21.4%; the “Challenge” dimension showed a notable growth of 17.2%; curiosity rose by 16.7%; and engagement in reading also increased by 18.5%. This demonstrates that students developed a greater interest in stories, particularly those related to fantasy, mystery, and adventure, and formed a deeper connection with characters and narratives. Most notably, avoidance of reading tasks decreased by 16.7%, which is a positive outcome as it indicates a reduced likelihood of students avoiding reading assignments. Given the large sample size, the critical t‐value is approximately 1.96. Since all t‐values exceed the critical value of 1.96, the null hypothesis was rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis for each dimension. This indicates that the course had a statistically significant impact on the students' motivation and engagement in reading. The practical significance of these results underscores the potential of contemporary American literature courses, particularly those utilizing interactive methods in distance learning.
The Influence of Environmental Variables on the Carbon Performance of Water Companies Across Time
Authors: Molinos‐Senante Maria , Maziotis Alexandros
Published: February 2025

One of the main challenges that water companies face is to reduce carbon footprint in their transition to carbon neutrality. Past research assessing carbon performance of water companies has mostly ignored heterogeneity among the water companies evaluated. To overcome this limitation, this study employed a parametric metafrontier approach to assess and compare carbon performance of a sample of English and Welsh water companies, embracing water and sewerage companies (WaSCs) and water‐only companies (WoCs). This method allows for a comparison of the carbon performance of these two types of companies and analyses the impact of environmental variables on their performance. It was evidenced that water treatment complexity, main source of raw water, and population density significantly influence carbon performance of water companies. The average carbon efficiency for WaSCs was 0.816, indicating marginally superior performance compared to WoSCs, which had an average carbon efficiency of 0.803. Regarding carbon productivity between 2011 and 2020, WoSCs demonstrated an annual improvement in carbon performance of 2.9%, while WaSCs showed an annual decrease in carbon productivity of 4.2%. The insights gained from this study are highly significant for policymakers focused on transitioning the water industry toward net‐zero carbon emissions.
Tissue Clearing and Its Application in Nanoparticle Development
Authors: Rong Zhouyi , Ertürk Ali , Tang Yamei , Mai Hongcheng
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical applications due to their small size, large surface area, and unique physicochemical properties. These characteristics make them ideal for drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and therapeutic interventions. Their ability to interact with biological systems at the cellular and molecular levels enables targeted treatments. Understanding the biodistribution of nanoparticles at the cellular level within whole organisms is crucial for assessing their safety and effectiveness; however, proper technologies have been lacking to achieve this. For example, traditional imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) often lack the resolution needed, while tissue‐section‐based methods miss the whole‐body systemic view. Recent tissue clearing methods have emerged as a promising solution for 3D visualization of nanoparticles in entire organs, as they enable cellular‐level imaging of whole organisms without the need for sectioning. This review explores advancements in diverse tissue clearing techniques and their application in studying nanoparticle biodistribution, providing insights crucial for the development of nanoparticle‐based therapies.
Advanced Ir‐Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Yang Yuan , Chen Dongfang , Hu Song , Pei Pucheng , Xu Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) coupled with renewable energy to produce hydrogen is an important part of clean energy acquisition in the future. However, the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hinder the large‐scale application of PEM water electrolysis technology. To deal with the problems existing in the PEM electrolyzer and improve the electrolysis efficiency, substantial efforts are invested in the development of cost‐effective and stable electrocatalysts. Within this scenario, the different OER reaction mechanisms are first discussed here. Based on the in‐depth understanding of the reaction mechanism, the research progress of low‐iridium noble metal alloys is reviewed from the aspects of special effects, design strategies, reaction mechanisms, and synthesis methods. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the future development of high‐efficiency and low‐precious metal OER electrocatalysts are presented.
Fabrication of Silicon Surface Microstructures via Vortex Femtosecond Laser Irradiation for Reusable Substrates in SERS Applications
Authors: Du Wenhan , Zhao Bing , Lun Yinghao , Hu Yueming , Geng Yuanhai , Zhou Yifan , Zhao Xiaona , Wang Xuan
Published: February 2025

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a key technique in analytical chemistry because of its exceptional sensitivity and specificity for detecting a broad spectrum of substances. Herein, a silicon (Si) substrate fabricated using vortex femtosecond laser beams in ambient air is proposed as an innovative, highly sensitive, and reusable platform for advanced SERS applications. The substrate has composite nanostructures adorned with bush‐like formations on top of the elongated structures, which is a direct consequence of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam. Simulations conducted using COMSOL provide valuable insights into the distribution of hot spots and electromagnetic field across the substrate surface after gold nanoparticles deposition, underscoring the superior SERS detection capabilities of the fabricated substrate using vortex beams as compared to those processed by Gaussian beams. The vortex‐fabricated substrate possesses remarkable reusability, stability, and time‐resistance. It exhibited outstanding detection performance for malachite green and microcystin‐LR, achieving limits of detection values of 3.91 pM and 2.69 pg·mL−1, respectively. Therefore, the Si substrates fabricated using a vortex femtosecond laser beam is an ideal candidate for advancing SERS sensors to new heights.
Sulfur Vacancy‐Induced Enhancement of Piezocatalytic H2 Production in MoS2
Authors: Mondal Sneha , Dilly Rajan Karthik , Patra Lokanath , Rathinam Maheswaran , Ganesh Vattikondala
Published: February 2025

This study explores the role of S vacancies in MoS2 in enhancing its piezocatalytic efficiency. Sulfur vacancies in the crystal lattice introduce localized changes in the electronic structure and charge distribution, improving the material's piezoelectric response. Characterization of the catalysts involved techniques like field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical measurements, including impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky (M‐S) analysis, are performed to assess the piezocatalytic performance. The study also employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the electronic structure and hydrogen adsorption properties of MoS2 with S vacancies. The results demonstrated that S‐deficient MoS2 significantly enhanced piezocatalytic H2 evolution. The piezocatalytic H2 production rates of MoS2 with different vacancy concentrations are measured under ultrasonic vibration. The sample with an optimal vacancy concentration (MS‐1) exhibited the highest H2 production rate of 1423.29 µmol g−1 h−1, compared to 439.06 µmol g−1 h−1 for pristine MoS2 (MS‐0). The improved performance is attributed to the increased piezoelectric polarization and efficient charge separation facilitated by S vacancies.
A Hydrogel Electrolyte‐Based Zn−CO2 Battery with Improved Life
Authors: Sun Xinyi , Wen Zhang , Liu Yiwen , Zhang Min , Li Wei , Sheng Chuanchao , Yang Sixie , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping
Published: February 2025

Environmental‐friendly aqueous Zn−CO2 batteries present bifunctional potentials of achieving carbon neutrality and energy storage. Nonetheless, anode corrosions derived from H2O molecules and high risks of volatilization and leakage hinder the advancement of Zn−CO2 batteries. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based hydrogel electrolyte with fast ion diffusion kinetics, high mechanical strength, and flexibility is developed to replace liquid electrolyte. Since hydroxyl radicals in the polymer chain can interact with H2O and Zn2+, electrode corrosion from free H2O and active H2O around Zn2+ is significantly inhibited, facilitating the uniform deposition of Zn2+ cations. The introduction of an ionic liquid plasticizer further enhances the interaction between Zn2+ and polymer backbone, as well as amorphous extent of the electrolyte. The hydrogel electrolyte possesses adequate self‐healing ability, whose ionic conductivity reaches 7.95 × 10−3 S cm−1. The symmetric Zn metal batteries containing the electrolyte remain steady for >2000 h under different current densities. Furthermore, the Zn−CO2 battery based on Ru nanoparticles cathode and hydrogel electrolyte realizes a discharge capacity of 6028 mAh g−1 and stable cyclicity for 90 times. The reaction path of hydrogel electrolyte‐based Zn−CO2 battery is that CO2 is reduced to ZnCO3 and C species followed by reversible decomposition of discharge products on recharge.
Size Effect and Interfacial Synergy Enhancement of 2D Ultrathin CoxZn1−x‐MOF/rGO for Boosting Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance
Authors: Dong Yutao , Jin Ziqian , Peng Huaiqi , Wang Meili , Ma Shiyu , Li Xin , Ren Yunlai , Xie Lixia , Zhang Jianmin
Published: February 2025

Advanced cathode materials are developed to tackle the challenges of the polysulfide shuttle effect and slow sulfur redox kinetics in Li–S batteries. A particularly effective strategy is the creation of nanostructured sulfur‐host, which boast high levels of conductivity and catalytic activity. Here, a series of ultrathin cobalt–zinc bimetallic MOFs with varying ratios are synthesized on rGO via a one‐pot hydrothermal process. Furthermore, graphene's high specific surface area enhances electrical conductivity and structural integrity, thereby promoting the growth of 2D MOFs and synergistically optimizing sulfur contact and conversion kinetics. The CoxZn1‐x‐MOF/rGO has a disordered structure, resulting from the fine‐tuned ratio of cobalt to zinc in the bimetallic centers, generates active sites and modulates the electronic properties, thereby enhancing LiPSs adsorption and catalysis serve as sulfur hosts. Among the composites, the Co0.75Zn0.25‐MOF/rGO demonstrated exceptional LiPSs adsorption and catalytic activity, resulting in a high capacity of 649.69 mA h g−1 after the 250th cycle with an E/S ratio of 12.56 µL mg−1 at 0.2 C. This work deepens the insights into the controlled design of defective MOFs, modulating their structure‐activity correlations, and is expected to facilitate the integration of ultrathin defective MOFs with carbonaceous composites, thereby advancing the development of Li–S batteries.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanowire Thin Films with Interdigitated Nanostructure in Dendrite Suppressions of Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Won Sojeong , Jung Arum , Lim Kyeong Yeon , Cho Jinhan , Son Jeong Gon , Lim Hee‐Dae , Yeom Bongjun
Published: February 2025

Reducing the thickness of the Li‐metal anode is key to enhancing the energy density of batteries. However, poor initial lithium deposition on Cu current collectors can exacerbate the growth of lithium dendrites and limit performance. This study explores innovative strategies by fabricating graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanowire (AgNW) thin films onto Cu‐foil using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly method. The homogeneous LbL thin films are prepared with the assistance of bifunctional cross‐linkers, such as cysteamine, to strengthen the intermolecular interactions between the nano‐building blocks. The GO/AgNW LbL thin films possess a highly interdigitated nanostructure that combines the synergistic advantages of the individual building components. The GO layers facilitate the distribution of Li‐ionic flux through the films, which promotes the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layers. In addition, the AgNW layers provide electrical pathways and serve as nucleation sites for Li─Ag alloy reactions. These combined effects lead to a flat and stable initial Li‐deposition, as well as dense and compact Li growth, without significant dendrite formation. The full cell tests show excellent cycle longevity, 430 cycles with an N/P ratio of 3.36 at 1 C and 250 cycles with an N/P ratio of 1.81 at 3 C.
Programming‐Assisted Imaging of Cellular Nitric Oxide Efflux Gradients and Directionality via Carbon Nanotube Sensors
Authors: Acosta Ramirez Ivon , Choudhury Sruti Das , Conover Carley , Sadak Omer , Iverson Nicole M.
Published: February 2025

Cell communication via chemical signaling depends on spatial and temporal concentration changes. Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, is critical in physiological and pathological processes. However, current NO sensing methods lack the spatiotemporal resolution necessary to study subcellular NO efflux. This study introduces an innovative sensory platform utilizing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as an optical transducer for the spatial and temporal detection of extracellular NO. The platform quantifies NO diffusion gradients produced by human (THP‐1) and murine (RAW 264.7) macrophage cells. The uniform fluorescence distribution of the nanoarray enables precise analysis of NO efflux directionality, both under and surrounding the cell. It is demonstrated that cellular adhesion to the surface of the sensory platform does not affect its fluorescence functionality or sensing response rate. By combining the platform's high spatiotemporal resolution with the advanced analysis methods, the SWNT sensor platform offers a robust tool for studying extracellular NO dynamics within the cellular microenvironment. This work lays the foundation for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools elucidating NO cellular communication analysis.
Role of Solidification Behavior and Various Processing Routes on Microstructure–Property Correlation in Medium‐Mn Steels with and without Nickel: Recent Progresses and Perspectives
Authors: Kumar Navanit , Bandyopadhyay Tapas Kumar
Published: February 2025

Variations in alloying contents, thermo‐mechanical processing (TMP), and heat treatment (HT) routes provide a range of excellent mechanical properties in medium‐Mn steels (MMnS). However, solidification defects limit the industrial production of MMnS as it belongs to the peritectic class of alloys. Considering recent progress, it mandates a comprehensive review of the role of solidification behavior and various processing routes on microstructure–property correlation. Hence, the present article addresses microstructure evolution during solidification, TMP, HT, and corresponding mechanical properties. Quenching & partitioning (Q&P) and intercritical annealing (IA) are considered for the present review. It is observed that δ‐ferrite transforms to austenite by a massive transformation mechanism after the peritectic reaction. High strength but low elongation is found in Q&P as compared to IA MMnS. Further, the occurrence of discontinuous yielding is associated with both HT routes. However, it is preventable with process parameters. Ni addition generally enhances the strength–ductility balance in comparison with Ni‐free MMnS. However, it primarily depends on microstructural characteristics such as phase fraction, distribution, morphology, degree of recrystallization, precipitates, and retained austenite stability. Thus, optimum processing routes can be designed considering the aforementioned factors.
Phase‐Field Simulation of Carbon Diffusion during Banded Structure Formation in Low‐Carbon Steel
Authors: Hu Jinzhou , Chen Yinli , Luo Zhuzheng , Zhang Haichao , Jin Guangjian
Published: February 2025

During the cooling process after rolling, low‐carbon steel frequently develops banded structures, primarily due to the segregation of alloying elements and the uneven diffusion of carbon under a slow cooling rate during phase transformation. The current work integrates experiment and simulation to discuss the influence of various cooling rates on ferrite and pearlite bands in Cr–Mn–Ti low‐carbon steel. Meanwhile, a multicomponent multiphase‐field model is established to quantitatively analyze carbon diffusion behavior during the evolution of austenite–ferrite. The results reveal that low cooling rates and the segregation of Mn, Si, and Cr elements can promote the formation of banded structure. Furthermore, in the solute‐poor regions, slow cooling rates allow sufficient time for carbon diffusion during austenite–ferrite transformation, which leads to the extension in both carbon diffusion distance and interface migration distance, thereby generating severe ferrite bands. Additionally, in the solute‐rich regions, as the cooling rate decreases, C concentrations at Ar3 temperature and Ar1 temperature increase, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of ferrite, thereby resulting in strong pearlite bands. This study further elucidates the formation mechanisms of ferrite and pearlite bands, enhancing the understanding of carbon diffusion behavior during banded structure formation.
Adolescents' Perceived Opportunities for Creative Thinking, Creative Thinking Competency Belief and Career Interest in STEM: Joint Consideration of Situated Expectancy‐Value Beliefs and Gender
Authors: Saw Guan K. , Lin Shengjie , Kunisaki Lindsey T. , Culbertson Ryan , Megyesi‐Brem Kimberly
Published: February 2025

Gender differences in creative thinking competency, career interest, and situated expectancy‐value beliefs in STEM, have been widely studied separately. This study brings these lines of research together by examining gender differences in the association between adolescents' perceived opportunities for creative thinking, creative thinking competency belief, and career interest in STEM, as well as the mediating role of STEM situated expectancy‐value beliefs. Results from structural equation models (SEMs) with 737 middle/high school students attending the Prefreshman Engineering Program (PREP) in the Southwestern United States showed that perceived opportunities for creative thinking in STEM education settings were positively associated with creative thinking competency belief and career interest in STEM, after controlling for pre‐measures and background characteristics. Multigroup SEM analyses indicated that there were no significant gender differences in the relationship between perceived opportunities for creative thinking in STEM and the two examined STEM outcomes in our student sample. A set of mediation analyses demonstrated that STEM expectancy belief, intrinsic value, and utility value serve as key mediators linking perceived opportunities for creative thinking in STEM to student STEM outcomes. However, only the indirect effect of perceived opportunities for creative thinking in STEM on creative thinking competency belief through STEM expectancy belief was significant for both girls and boys. The mediating effects of STEM intrinsic value on both outcomes and the mediating effect of STEM utility value on STEM career interest were only significant for boys and not girls. Taken together, the findings of this study advance our understanding of the benefits of opportunities for creative thinking in STEM for middle/high school students and the underlying mechanisms by which creative‐supporting contexts have influence on students STEM outcomes differently for girls and boys.
Presumed aortic thromboembolism in a 13‐year‐old dog, associated with an Amplatz canine duct occluder
Authors: Gregorio Rafaela Silva , Labrador Notario Jose Miguel
Published: February 2025

A 13‐year‐old, female, neutered Border Collie visited the neurology department after suffering two separate episodes of hindlimb weakness and pain. The patient responded to rest and analgesia on both occasions, but continued to be reluctant to jump. Previous history reported closure of a patent ductus arteriosus, using an Amplatz canine duct occluder at the age of 1. An electrocardiogram‐gated computed tomography showed a lesion in the aortic arch, which was consistent with a thrombus, and was centred over the Amplatz canine duct occluder. A similar type of lesion was also found in the femoral artery. The recurrent and spontaneously resolving hindlimb weakness was thought to be related to thromboembolism of the external iliac arteries or their branches, associated with the thrombus in the aortic arch. Although rare, thrombus formation is a complication associated with the use of Amplatz type devices in humans, but it has never been reported in dogs with an Amplatz canine duct occluder.
Ultraviolet‐enhanced Fe0‐activated H2O2 process for the removal of refractory organic matter from landfill leachate: Performance and mechanism
Authors: Zhao Guonan , Feng Ke
Published: February 2025

The Fenton‐like process, utilizing zero‐valent iron (Fe0) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is employed to degrade refractory organic matter in membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent derived from landfill leachate. However, the rate‐limiting Fe2+/Fe3+ redox step diminishes treatment efficacy and generates substantial iron sludge. This study elucidates the mechanism by which ultraviolet (UV) irradiation augments the Fe0/H2O2 process for the removal of refractory organic matter in MBR effluent. The results show that the UV‐ enhanced H2O2 process effectively disrupts the aromatic structure of organic compounds, reducing molecular weight, degree of polymerization, and humification. Compared with the Fe0/H2O2 process, the removal efficiency of UV254, color number, and total organic carbon in the effluent treated by the UV/Fe0/H2O2 process increased by 24.16%, 14.62%, and 57.46%, respectively. Concurrently, the generation of iron sludge was reduced by 21.6%. This enhancement is primarily attributed to UV's ability to intensify the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle and expedite the surface corrosion of Fe0, yielding more iron oxides. This accelerates the decomposition of H2O2, generating a higher quantity of •OH through both homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton‐like reactions. The refractory organic matter is removed through the oxidation by •OH, as well as the adsorption and precipitation facilitated by iron‐based colloids.

Practitioner Points

UV promotes Fe0/H2O2 process to degrade refractory organic matter in MBR effluent.

UV promotes Fe0 to dissolve more Fe2+ and the redox cycle of Fe2+ and Fe3+.

The dosage of H2O2 or Fe0 influences the treatment effect of the process.
Preparation of the titanium‐based composite coagulant PTFS and its coagulation performance on nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zihan , Ma Jingqian , Wu Kun , Sun Wenquan , Sun Yongjun
Published: February 2025

In this study, a titanium‐based coagulant, (i.e., PTFS), with a three‐dimensional spatial mesh structure was prepared for the coagulation removal of polystyrene (PS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in water. The results of scanning electron microscopy, TGA‐DSC, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization showed that the PTFS was not a simple mixture of raw materials and a chemical reaction occurred, thereby generating new chemically connected bonds. The optimum removal of PS could reach 92.5% at the dosage of 0.6 mg/L, initial concentration of 70 mg/L, pH of 7, stirring intensity of 350 rpm, settling time of 60 min, and kaolin concentration of 70 mg/L. The best removal rate of TiO2 could reach 95.3% when the dosage was 0.8 mg/L, the initial concentration was 70 mg/L, the pH was 7, the stirring intensity was 350 rpm, the settling time was 60 min, and the kaolin concentration was 50 mg/L. The flocs produced by PTFS were large and dense. In the early stage of coagulation, the flocculation mechanism was dominated by electroneutralization, and in the middle and late stages of coagulation, adsorption, bridging, and netting were dominated. This study aims to provide a reference for the removal of nanopollutants by coagulation in the actual water treatment process.

Practitioner Points

A titanium‐based coagulant PTFS with a three‐dimensional spatial mesh structure was prepared.

PTFS effectively removes nano‐PS and nano‐TiO2 from water.

The flocs produced by PTFS were large and dense flocs.

Removal of PS and TiO2 by PFTS has been a combination of multiple coagulation mechanisms.
A numerical and statistical analysis of the unsteady ternary hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a generalized stretching/shrinking wall
Authors: Wahid Nur Syahirah , Roşca Natalia C. , Roşca Alin V. , Pop Ioan
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes unsteady ternary hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a generalized stretching/shrinking wall using both analytical and numerical methods. By applying similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations, which are numerically solved using the MATLAB bvp4c function. We find that the system exhibits two solution branches—an upper and a lower—within certain parameter ranges. A detailed stability analysis is conducted to determine the stability of these solutions. Additionally, the study presents analytical solutions for specific cases, which are relevant to heat exchangers in low‐velocity environments. Next, MINITAB software is used to statistically model the interactions of the parameters and assess their impact on the heat transfer performance (measured through the local Nusselt number), identifying low, medium, or strong effects through regression analysis. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the regression function obtained in MINITAB, focusing on key input parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this study is novel, as no previous work has explored this problem, making both the analytical and numerical results original.
Jung-Stilling’s Afterlife Visions in Their Interconfessional and Intercultural Contexts
Authors: Folliero-Metz Grazia Dolores
Published: February 2025

The present study examines Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling’s writings Scenen aus dem Geisterreich and Theorie der Geisterkunde, treating them as significant lay theological publications and situating them within a broader European context. It identifies affinities with Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy and Friedrich G. Klopstock’s Messias, as well as with William Blake’s illustrations of Dante’s Comedy. Through comparative analysis, this chapter demonstrates the intricate interconnections between Stilling’s educational endeavours in popular religious culture and the canonical giants of cultural literature, illustrating a dynamic interplay of influence and divergence that spans both interconfessional and intercultural contexts.
The link frame model (LFM), a tool for the seismic analysis of timber frame buildings considering system effects
Authors: López Nicol , Berwart Sebastián , Guindos Pablo
Published: February 2025

This article proposes a model that makes possible the seismic analysis of timber frame multistory buildings in general-purpose software. The model is entitled link frame model (LFM) and shows the following advantages in comparison to previous models: (1) it can model shearwalls only with frame elements and links with errors close to 0% with respect to analytical code models such as e.g. the special design provisions for wind and seismic (SDPWS); (2) for seismic analysis, both the static analysis method and the modal spectral analysis method can be used, in addition to the gravitational analysis; (3) the computation of the natural period shows deviations close to 0% in comparison with eigenvalues and eigenvectors; (4) it can be implemented in general purpose structural analysis software such as e.g. ETABS or SAP2000; and (5) building system effects, i.e. interaction of shearwalls with other assemblies, can optionally be captured if assigning the proper diaphragm out-of-plane flexural stiffness. Given the great impact of this last aspect in practical design, and the lack of its research, this paper does not only present the model and validation itself, but also analyzes the consequences of considering system effects in a representative case study building. The analysis demonstrates that the average shearwall tension (uplift) of regular buildings can decrease by 80% if considering system effects, which could make timber buildings much more cost competitive in seismic countries.
Antitumor effects of natural killer cells derived from gene-engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cells on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Mayuna , Tanaka Yuka , Hakoda Keishi , Ohira Masahiro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kurachi Kenji , Tamura Kouichi , Ohdan Hideki
Published: February 2025

Mortality and recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain high despite the use of various treatment methods. Recently, cell-based immunotherapy using natural killer (NK) cells has attracted considerable attention in cancer immunotherapy. NK cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a new option for use as an NK cell resource. The eNK cells (HLCN061, developed by HEALIOS K.K.) are human iPSC-derived NK cells differentiated from clinical-grade iPSCs in which IL-15, CCR2B, CCL19, CD16a, and NKG2D have been introduced. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of eNK cell therapy for HCC treatment. The analysis of eNK cells for cell surface and intracellular molecules revealed that antitumor-related surface molecules (TRAIL, CD226, and CD16) and intracellular cytotoxic factors (perforin, granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ) were highly expressed. In addition, eNK cells exhibited high cytotoxicity against HCC cell lines (HepG2, HuH7, and SNU-423), which are sensitive to NKG2D, TRAIL, and CD226. The TRAIL and perforin/granzyme B pathways are largely involved in this cytotoxic mechanism, as indicated by the reduction in cytotoxicity induced by TRAIL inhibitory antibodies and concanamycin A, which inhibits perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that eNK cells, whose functions have been enhanced by genetic engineering, have the potential to improve HCC treatment.
A machine learning approach for predicting the best heuristic for a large scaled Capacitated Lotsizing Problem
Authors: Kärcher Jens , Meyr Herbert
Published: February 2025

For some NP-hard lotsizing problems, many different heuristics exist, but they have different solution qualities and computation times depending on the characteristics of the instance. The computation times of the individual heuristics increase significantly with the problem size, so that testing all available heuristics for large instances requires extensive time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that allows a prediction of the best heuristic for the respective instance without testing all available heuristics. The Capacitated Lotsizing Problem (CLSP) is chosen as the problem to be solved, since it is a fundamental model in the field of lotsizing, well researched and several different heuristics exist for it. The CLSP addresses the problem of determining lotsizes on a production line given limited capacity, product-dependent setup costs, and deterministic, dynamic demand for multiple products. The objective is to minimize setup and inventory holding costs. Two different forecasting methods are presented. One of them is a two-layer neural network called CLSP-Net. It is trained on small CLSP instances, which can be solved very fast with the considered heuristics. Due to the use of a fixed number of wisely chosen features that are relative, relevant, and computationally efficient, and which leverage problem-specific knowledge, CLSP-Net is also capable of predicting the most suitable heuristic for large instances.
Lower extremity MRI: are their requests always appropriate in France?
Authors: Degremont Adeline , Lindecker-Cournil Valérie , Bisquay Catherine , Ertel-Pau Valérie , Gabach Pierre , Lecocq Teixeira Sophie , Pialat Jean-Baptiste , Jachiet Pierre-Alain , Boyer Louis , Faruch-Bilfeld Marie
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The primary aim is to assess current lower extremity MRI requests’ relevance with a secondary focus on the knee.

Materials and methods

Using data from the National Health Data System (SNDS), we conducted an observational study of adults (18+) who underwent lower extremity MRI between July 1 and December 31, 2021. This study included analyzing medical consultations and imaging procedures (particularly X-rays) in the 6 months before and after the index MRI, as well as medical procedures and hospitalizations related to knee procedures within 6 months post-MRI.

Results

During the study period, 779,721 adults underwent lower extremity MRI, marking a 76% increase compared to a previous study conducted in 2012. General practitioners requested MRI in 70.5% of cases, often as the primary imaging modality. Notably, 52.1% of patients had not undergone lower extremity X-rays in the 6 months preceding MRI, and 13% underwent at least two MRI examinations within a year. Focusing on the knee, most patients (80%) did not undergo any outpatient medical procedure or hospitalization involving the knee within the 6 months post MRI.

Conclusion

In France, lower extremity MRI, particularly knee MRI, is frequently used as a first-line imaging procedure, unlike what is recommended.

Key Points

Question

How often are requests for lower extremity MRI examinations appropriate?

Findings

Lower extremity MRI is often performed as a first-line imaging procedure, even though it is not recommended.

Clinical relevance

The study findings underscore the importance of disseminating guidelines regarding lower extremity MRI appropriateness to increase its availability for appropriate purposes, thereby improving patient care.
Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia in children, still a challenge for pediatricians
Authors: Picard Agathe , Bayart Sophie , Deparis Marianna , De Maricourt Cécile Dumesnil , Haro Sophie , Jourdain Anne , Mallebranche Coralie , Rialland Fanny , Luque Paz Damien , Pastoret Cedric , Gandemer Virginie , Cousin Elie
Published: February 2025

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are rare myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in children, adolescents and young adults. No recommendations are available concerning these patients’ management. Transposing to children the knowledge established in adult patients is not acceptable. For a better understanding of difficulties encountered by pediatricians and adult hematologists, we conducted a national practice analysis concerning follow-up of patients under 18 diagnosed with ET or PV, in France. Then, we present data from a multicentric, descriptive, retrospective study, including 17 patients with ET or PV, diagnosed under 18, coming from 7 hematopediatric departments in France. Interviewed physicians reported a lack of expertise and theoretical training in the hematological field to diagnose and follow children with MPNs. Data from 17 patients (15 ET, 2 PV) confirmed a high proportion of asymptomatic patients at the time of diagnosis (41%). Proportion of “triple-negative” patients (59%) was higher than in adult cohorts. 60% of patients underwent a bone marrow biopsy and 31% of cases were discussed during a multi-disciplinary staff meeting. 76.5% patients were treated, with a high frequency of antithrombotic and cytoreductive drugs. No complications were observed during the 45 months of median follow-up. Conclusion: Physicians insisted on the need for training. Only the accumulation of descriptions of MPNs in children will lead to a better management of these diseases. Considering the small proportion of pediatric patients with complications after diagnosis, rapid therapeutic de-escalation seems essential to consider during the follow-up in a close collaboration with adult hematologists.

What is Known:
• Myeloproliferativ neoplams are rare and chronic deseases, most of the time affecting adults but also found in few pediatric patients. • There are no recommendations for the diagnosis, therapeutic management or follow-up of children with polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia.

What is New:
• Find out how adult haematologists and paediatricians feel about the management and follow-up of paediatric patients with myeloproliferative syndrome through a national practice analysis. • Description of the “real life” follow-up of children with polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia in France.
Surgical risk stratification and outcome analysis of Tenckhoff catheter implantations in paediatric patients: a single-centre experience
Authors: Aftzoglou Michail , Dadouli Katerina , Eich Gwendolyn , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the risk factors for complications post-Tenckhoff catheter implantation in paediatric patients. All records of children who underwent the procedure from 2002 to 2022 at the University Medical Centre of Hamburg were analyzed. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics were scrutinized, with particular attention given to complications such as catheter leakage, occlusions, and peritonitis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine the hazard ratios for complications. In total, 299 implantations were performed in 116 females and 130 males; 67% were under 5 years old, and 85% had renal disease. Fifty-one percent needed an acute catheter insertion, 26% of the patient‘s required revision, and 24% of the patients experienced peritonitis. Neonates had a 22% mortality rate, and infants had a 37% reimplantation rate. Compared with the other subgroups, a glomerular filtration rate of 15–29 ml/kg/1.7 3m2 was associated with a 10.7-fold higher risk of peritonitis. Male patients had a threefold greater chance of reimplantation or inguinal hernia. Omentectomy revealed no increased risk of peritonitis, and only two catheter occlusions were observed. Patients with inguinal hernias or gastric tubes had higher odds of complications (HR = 3.60, p = 0.003 and OR = 2.47, p = 0.014). Neither the implantation side nor acute insertion was correlated with complications.

Conclusion: Infants, male patients with kidney disease, prolonged use of catheter, and those with a GFR of 15–29 ml/kg/1.73 m2 were at increased risk. The presence of peritonitis, inguinal hernia, and gastric tubes were adverse prognostic factors.

What is Known:• Omentectomy can serve as a protective factor and correlates with a lower incidence of catheter malfunction.• The insertion of gastric tubes is commonly associated with complications but has lower risk of complications if inserted prior to the initiation of peritoneal dialysis.

What is New:• Males have been found to have a 2.14 hazard ratio for revision in both acute and chronic peritoneal dialysis groups.• The incidence of revisions seems to be greater in the first 36 months, while the incidence of peritonitis rises by 7% for each additional year of age.