bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange across the late Pliocene climate transition
Authors: García-Gallardo Ángela , Grunert Patrick , Piller Werner E.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar plays a
significant role in the global ocean–climate dynamics in two ways. On one
side, the injection of the saline and warm Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW)
contributes to North Atlantic deep-water formation. In return, the Atlantic
inflow is considered a sink of less saline water for the North Atlantic
Ocean. However, while the history of MOW is the focus of numerous studies,
the Pliocene Atlantic inflow has received little attention so far. The
present study provides an assessment of the Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange
with a focus on the Atlantic inflow strength and its response to regional and
global climate from 3.33 to 2.60 Ma. This time interval comprises the
mid-Pliocene warm period (MPWP; 3.29–2.97 Ma) and the onset of the Northern
Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). For this purpose, gradients in surface
δ18O records of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber between the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole U1389E (Gulf
of Cádiz) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 978A (Alboran Sea) have
been evaluated. Interglacial stages and warm glacials of the MPWP revealed
steep and reversed (relative to the present) W–E δ18O gradients
suggesting a weakening of Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange likely caused by
high levels of relative humidity in the Mediterranean region. In contrast,
periods of stronger inflow are indicated by flat δ18O gradients due
to more intense arid conditions during the severe glacial Marine Isotope
Stage (MIS) M2 and the initiation of NHG (MIS G22, G14, G6–104). Intensified
Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange in cold periods is linked to the occurrence
of ice-rafted debris (IRD) at low latitudes and a weakening of the Atlantic
Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Our results thus suggest the
development of a negative feedback between AMOC and exchange rates at the
Strait of Gibraltar in the latest Pliocene as it has been proposed for the
late Quaternary.
Wireless monitoring system for a high-power borehole-ground
electromagnetic transmitter
Authors: Cheng Shuangshuang , Deng Ming , Wang Meng , Jin Sheng , Zhang Qisheng , Chen Kai
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Visual interfaces and wireless monitoring have played significant roles in the application of electromagnetic transmitters. Thus, we have designed wireless monitoring system that is based on the Visual Studio 2015 Windows form application by using C# language and multithreading technology. The system can effectively implement many functions, including time monitoring via a real-time clock, modification of the transmitting frequency, transmitting mode change, and storage and verification of the transmitter status data. What mentioned above make it possible for the wireless monitoring system to support status monitoring and transmitter operation control. The results of several field tests confirm that the proposed wireless monitoring system enables a user-friendly interface, and convenient and stable operation. The system is able to satisfy the wireless monitoring and multifunctionality demands for transmitters implemented in land electromagnetic exploration, and act as a reference for scientific researchers pursuing instrument development and electromagnetic prospecting.
USING GIS FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE URBAN GROWTH CASE KYRENIA REGION
Authors: Kara C. , Akçit N.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. It is critical to develop urban layers for analysis sustainable urban development possibilities within planning process. Kyrenia Region has many physical, environmental or economic issues that may danger the growth possibilities in sustainable manner. From this point, this study uses different spatial layers such as slope, distance to roads, distance to central zone, vegetation, soil productivity, environmental protection zones, distance to open/green space, distance to education for supporting sustainable urban growth policies and define suitable areas for urban development within this perspective. The study tries to convert sustainable urban growth policies such as; compact growth, environmental protection, equal accessibility to basic services; into spatial layers and establish proper framework for multi criteria evaluation in Kyrenia Region within using geographical information systems. It shows suitability values for Kyrenia region and constraints zones at final section. It clearly presents the suitable areas for the sustainable urbanization and also unsuitable or risky areas for reducing the possible disasters and may happen in the future.
LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT FOR HIGHWAY RETAININGWALL: THE CASE STUDY OF TAŞKENT(TURKEY) LANDSLIDE
Authors: Zeybek M. , Şanloğlu İ.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Landslide monitoring and assessment of the highways retaining walls are a crucial task. Because there exist a risk and danger with regard to the movement of the wall to the highway by landslide force that may spread further. To evaluate the changing, movements have to be monitored. For this reason, we practised mobile LiDAR surveys on the landslide effected wall on the highway. The usage of the mobile LiDAR systems have significantly increased in recent years, especially for road management. Currently, mobile LiDAR technology is capable of measuring the earth surface with high precision and density as a 3D point clouds. As stated in this study, the point cloud data processing have been analysed further and the wall surface points fitted to a plane object for monitoring of the landslide effects. This study focuses on different plane fitting algorithms which represents the retaining wall, a performance assessment and evaluation of the deformation between two plane models. The analysis indicates that the uncertainty of the measurements between the two epochs on stable areas survey was within ±2 cm. According to the experimental results, the proposed methods performed promising results that can be used for monitoring of retaining walls for fast processing and assessment.
A Statistical Mechanical Approach for the Parametrization of the Coupling in a Fast-Slow System
Authors: Vissio Gabriele , Lucarini Valerio
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Constructing accurate, flexible, and efficient parametrizations is one of the great challenges in the numerical modelling of geophysical fluids. We consider here the simple yet paradigmatic case of a Lorenz 84 model forced by a Lorenz 63 model and derive a parametrization using a recently developed statistical mechanical methodology based on the Ruelle response theory. We derive an expression for the deterministic and the stochastic component of the parametrization and we show that the approach allows for dealing seamlessly with the case of the Lorenz 63 being a fast as well as a slow forcing compared to the characteristic time scales of the Lorenz 84 model. We test our results using both standard metrics based on the moments of the variables of interest as well as Wasserstein distance between the projected measure of the original system on the Lorenz 84 model variables and the measure of the parametrized one. By testing our methods on reduced phase spaces obtained by projection, we find support to the idea that comparisons based on the Wasserstein distance might be of relevance in many applications despite the curse of dimensionality.
ANÁLISE DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO HIDROALCÓLICO DA POUPA DO FRUTO SECO DE Luffa operculata FRENTE A NÁUPLIOS DE Artemia salina E MERISTEMAS DE Allium cepa.
Authors: Sousa Ian Jhemes Oliveira , Gonçalves Rodrigo Lopes Gomes , Rosa Gardenha Da Silva , Pereira Raimunda Nonata dos Santos , Lima Roseane Pedrosa , Lúcio Neto Manoel Pinheiro
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho avalia a toxicidade do extrato bruto hidroalcólico de Luffa operculata, para tanto foram executados ensaios de toxicidade in vitro com Allium cepa e Artemia salina. A espécie em questão foi estudada por ser importante planta medicinal para os nordestinos no tratamento de problemas respiratórios e a carência de literatura com essa abordagem, dessa forma o objetivo desse trabalho é estabelecer limites toxicológicos para esta planta utilizando metodologias de quantificação toxicológica in vitro. O extrato foi preparado por meio de decocção hidroalcólica seguido rotaevaporação, a avaliação da toxicidade frente a viabilidade de náuplios de Artemia salina e crescimento de meristemas de Allium cepa. Os resultados mostraram que a CL50 foi: 25,22 e 4,63 µg/mL para 24 e 48 horas respectivamente, para a metodologia de Artemia salina e a inibição do crescimento meristemático de Allium cepa foi significante a partir de 500 µg/mL. Estes resultados constatam as hipóteses da alta toxicidade dos compostos da Luffa operculata, além de seu possível potencial citotóxico com concentrações acima de 500 µg/mL estabelecendo um perfil toxicológico para mais estudos detalhados da toxicologia desta espécie.
Enhancing quality and safety in clinical teaching: Statewide live continuing education program for adjunct clinical nursing faculty
Authors: Dunker Kimberly N. Silver , Manning Karen
Published: March 2018

The nursing faculty shortage is being filled by adjunct clinical faculty with no classroom teaching experience. These novice faculty members must undergo a socialization and orientation process (onboarding), when transitioning into the academic environment. To support orientation, the Live Continuing Education Program for Adjunct Clinical Nursing Faculty (LCEP-ACNF), a competency-based 4.0-hour continuing education unit program for novice clinical faculty was used. In this study, the LCEP-ACNF was tested in a statewide sample of clinical faculty. For this mixed-methods study a convenience sample of faculty members (N = 312) from all nursing programs in one northeast state was recruited. All 312 participants completed pretest competency-based evaluation and a demographics sheet. Participants’ (N = 312; n = 162) posttest scores were significantly higher than their pretest scores (Z = 11.10, p < .01). Eight interviews were conducted and the themes emerged were, communication with other faculty members on clinical teaching, orientation strategies, student evaluation and feedback strategies, and mentorship issues for novice clinical faculty. Evaluation results for the LCEP-ACNF were overall positive, including the need for more continuing education offerings, mentorship, and teaching strategies. The results suggest an increased need for clinical faculty development and orientation, a need for developing the clinical coordinator role and mentorship for all novice clinical faculty. Lastly, the LCEP-ACNF should be offered twice a year, regionally and nationally.
The Impact of Experience and Technology Change on Task-Technology Fit of a Collaborative Technology
Authors: Iversen Jakob , Eierman Michael
Published: March 2018

This study continues a long running effort to examine collaborative writing and editing tools and the factors that impact Task-Technology Fit and Technology Acceptance. Previous studies found that MS Word/email performed better than technologies such as Twiki, Google Docs, and Office Live. The current study seeks to examine specifically the impact of experience on these outcomes. Fortuitously, during the course of the study, Office Live was redesigned and renamed as Office 365, thus also allowing the examination of tool characteristics. In contrast to previous studies, Google Docs and Office 365 now performed significantly better than MS Word/email on the outcome measures despite users having significantly more experience with the latter. We speculate that as users gain experience with tools that perform the collaborative writing and editing task differently than did past tools, they perceive that the old technology no longer fits the task as well and thus it performs lower on outcome measures. We also observed that even though the Word/email technology did not change during the time of the study, its scores went down, possibly due to users’ experience with newer technologies more suited to the task.
Income Distribution and Human Trafficking Outflows
Authors: E. DiRienzo Cassandra , Das Jayoti
Published: March 2018

This study seeks to close the gap between the theoretical rationale for the role of income inequality in human trafficking and lack of empirical evidence supporting this relationship. It is argued that differences in income, especially the income of the poorest in the population, is a significant push factor encouraging individuals to undertake risky migration. Nonetheless, the Gini coefficient, which is typically used in human trafficking research, does not accurately capture the theoretical rationale for why difference in population income, especially the income of the poorest in the population, should matter. A different metric for measuring income inequality – one that is tied to the theoretical underpinnings -- is introduced. Empirical evidence supporting the role that income plays on the poorest in the population on human trafficking outflows is offered. Specifically, as the poorest in the population become marginally better off, there is an increase in human trafficking outflows at the country level.
Possible Outcomes of Introducing a Majority System for Elections to the Czech Parliament’s Chamber of Deputies
Authors: Pink Michal
Published: March 2018

This paper explores the possibility of introducing a majority electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic, and discusses the virtues and drawbacks of such a system. It recalculates the electoral results from two previous elections using majority electoral systems (first-past-the-post and two round majority system) to examine how such a change could influence the formation of governmental majorities in the chamber and what the possible consequences for the quality of democracy in the Czech Republic could be. The results show that majority system would likely radically simplify the formation of governments with clear majorities, and hinder emerging populist parties as well as weaken the communist party. On the other hand, the adoption of a majority system would substantially lower barriers to enter the chamber, which could lead to the disintegration of the party system and its increased fragmentation. Combined with the common practice of Czech politicians to hold various mandates at different levels of the political system at the same time, this could be a significant risk factor.
Aging anxieties and disturbed eating in female students: It’s not all about aging appearance concern
Authors: Mahoney Béré
Published: March 2018

Fear and anxiety about aging have increased amongst female university students and these personal aging concerns are associated with disturbed eating, also prevalent in this group. Evidence suggests concern about aging appearance could account for the link between aging anxiety and problem eating in young women due to their belief in the thin – youth ideal. However, whether appearance concern is the strongest aging anxiety predictor of global and specific disturbed eating behaviors is unclear. The study examines this in a sample of female students at a Midlands university in the United Kingdom (N = 200, 18 – 39 years) who completed the Anxiety about Aging Scale and the Eating Disorders Inventory-3. The findings show general and a model of four aging anxieties predicted significantly greater global disturbed eating with medium and large effects sizes respectively. However, greater anxiety about the psychological challenges and interpersonal losses associated with aging best predicted global and specific disturbed eating behaviors and aging appearance concern was a weaker predictor. Implications for interventions targeting female students eating behavior are considered.
More is not always better: The differentiated influence of empathy on different magnitudes of creativity
Authors: Form Sven , Kaernbach Christian
Published: March 2018

Recently, researchers have argued about the importance of social aspects in creativity. Based on these arguments, one could hypothesize that if creativity is indeed about social aspects, then a social ability, such as empathy, will be relevant for creativity as an “interface” allowing the person to connect with others. A thorough review of the literature suggests that the association between empathic abilities and creativity may not be as straightforward as this hypothesis and also two recent empirical studies have suggested. This could be attributed to the fact that creativity may involve quite different levels such as creative achievement or everyday creativity. We suggest that social interaction, and with it empathy, plays a larger role in creative achievement than in everyday creative activities. Furthermore, we argue that too much empathy hinders everyday creativity. To explore the impact of empathy on different magnitudes of creativity, we applied two different self-report measures of creativity: creative achievement was measured by the Creative Achievement Questionnaire, while everyday creative activity was measured by the Creative Behavior Inventory. We used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to measure empathy. Empathy had a positive correlation to achievement, but an inverted-U relationship to everyday creativity. We conclude that more connectedness is not always better for creativity. Therefore, the relevance of social aspects for creativity should not be generalized, but may depend on the magnitude of creativity considered.
О ПРЕПРЕКАМА ВЛАДАВИНИ ПРАВА У СРБА
Authors: Хасанбеговић Јасминка
Published: March 2018

Разматрање постављене теме подразумева да се најпре унајкраће од-реди теоријски оквир у коме ће се промишљати владавина права и правнадржава. Потом ће се размотрити препреке успостављању владавине права,то јест препреке конституисању правне државе, но не у целом региону, какоби се сходно теми овог научног скупа могло очекивати, већ само у Срба, и тоимајући на уму првенствено државу Србију. Те препреке се могу означити игруписати као социјалне и психичке, историјске и савремене, унутрашње имеђународне, те колективне и индивидуалне препреке конституисању Ср-бије као модерне правне државе. Али, посматране синтетски, односно ме-тодолошко-типолошки, оне се могу поделити, с једне стране, на друштве-но-историјске (било да су унутрашње, било међународне) и на психичке(било колективне, било индивидуалне). Стога, централни део разматрањачини излагање најзначајнијих препрека које, по мишљењу ауторке, стојеи даље на путу још увек недовршеног конституисања Србије као модернеправне државе, то јест модерно-демократске владавине права.
MАКРОЕКОНОМСКА НЕСТАБИЛНОСТ – НЕЗАПОСЛЕНОСТ И ИНФЛАЦИЈА
Authors: Мирковић Спасенија
Published: March 2018

Најизразитији показатељи стабилности сваке националне економијесу: економски раст уз стабилне цијене, пуна запосленост и позитиванплатни биланс земље. И, обрнуто, опадање економског раста уз сталнипораст цијена (инфлација), опадање запослености (раст незапослено-сти), изражени дефицит државног буџета и негативан платни биланс супоуздани показатељи макроекономске нестабилности.Незапосленост и инфлација привлаче посебну пажњу, утолико пријешто су најчешће коришћени као критеријуми успјешности датог еко-номско-социјалног система и економских политика влада. Штавише,многи економисти и политичари за оцјену стварног стања економијеи успјешности рада владе користе се „индексом биједе”, који показујениво незапослености и инфлације. Истовремено појава стагнације и ин-флације („стагфлације”) нов је изазов за економску науку и државну,макроекономску политику.
MOРФOMETРИJСКE КAРAКTEРИСTИКE ДИГEСTИВНOГ TРAКTA ШКOБAЉA (CHONDROSTOMA NASUS) ИЗ РИЈЕКА ВРБАСА И УНЕ
Authors: Гoлуб Дрaгojлa , Буквa Maриja , Шукало Горан
Published: March 2018

У рaду су дaти пoдaци о испитивaњу мoрфoметријске вaриjaбилнoсти дигeстивнoг трaктaшкoбaљa (Chondrostoma nasus L., 1758) из ријека Врбас и Уна (сливнo пoдручjе риjeкe Сaвe).Toтaлнa дужинa тиjeлa, стaндaрднa дужинa тиjeлa, нajвeћa висинa тиjeлa, мaсa тиjeлa, дужинaдигeстивнoг трaктa и мaсa дигeстивнoг трaктa измjeрeнe су кoд 60 jeдинки шкобаља (35 из риjeкeВрбaс и 25 из риjeкe Унe). У циљу aнaлизe тјелесних кoeфициjeнaтa кондиције и трофичкекатегоризације шкобаља, изрaчунaти су Фултoнов кондициони фактор (K) и Зилeрoв илидигестивно-соматски индeкс (ILV). Вeћe вриjeднoсти кaкo дужинe тaкo и мaсe дигeстивнoг трaктaуoчeнe су кoд шкoбaљa из риjeкe Врбaс, при чeму су стaтистички знaчajнe рaзликe устaнoвљeнe изa дужину дигeстивнoг трaктa (p=0,015) и зa мaсу дигeстивнoг трaктa (p=0,000). Уочена је и већасредња вриједност релативне дужинe дигeстивнoг трaктa у oднoсу нa стaндaрдну дужину тиjeлaкoд jeдинки из риjeкe Врбaс (2,7:1) у односу на оне из ријеке Уне (2,5:1). Код шкобаља из обаистраживана вoдoтoкa утврђeнa je пoзитивнa кoрeлaциja (>70%) измeђу стaндaрднe дужинe тиjeлaи дужинe дигeстивнoг трaктa, кao и измeђу мaсe тиjeлa и мaсe дигeстивнoг трaктa. Вриједностидобијене за Фултонов кондициони фактор указивале су на добро кондиционо стање риба, аЗилеров индекс указивао је на типичну хербивору врсту рибе.
EKTOPARAZITI RIBA IZ JEZERA GRADINA, BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA
Authors: Ćulibrik B. , Bilbija B. , Nedić Z. , Nikolić V.
Published: March 2018

Tokom proljeća, ljeta i jeseni 2015. provedena je ektoparazitološka studija naribama jezera Gradina, u Bosni i Hercegovini. Osnovni cilj studije bio je otkriti kojeektoparazitske vrste parazitiraju na ribama jezera Gradina. Sekundarni cilj bio jeobjasniti sezonsku dinamiku infestiranosti i intenziteta infestiranosti riba tokomistraživanog perioda. U ukupnom ihtiouzorku od 64 jedinke, determinisano je 5 vrstariba: Alburnus alburnus, Rutilus rutilus, Carassius gibelio, Lepomis gibossus i Abramisbrama. U studiji je determinisano i nekoliko vrsta ektoparazita: Trichodina sp.,Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp., Apiosoma sp. i dvije jedinke iz grupeMonogenea. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su najveće vrijednosti infestiranostibile tokom proljeća i ljeta vrstama Trichodina sp. i Ichthyophthirius multifiliis dok jeu jesenskom periodu intenzitet infestiranosti imao niže vrijednosti.
ГЕРМИЦИДНИ ЕФЕКАТ ПРЕПАРАТА NЕWENVIRON НА МИКРООРГАНИЗМЕ И У ПРИСУСТВУ ОРГАНСКИХ МАТЕРИЈА
Authors: Радосавац А.
Published: March 2018

Стварност савременог живота подложна је све већим ризицима контакта,инфекције са потенцијално опасним микроорганизмима. Ризици се односе наљуде и животиње, њихово животно окружење и на производе животињскогпорекла, Држање под контролом опасних микроорганизама један је одосновних задатака комплексних мера дезинфекције.Циљ истраживања је да се испита ефекат дезифицијенса New environ, на штошири спектар микроорганизама као што су: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Enterococcus hirae, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans, Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniaе и Mycobacterium smegmars. Микробиолошкаактивност овог препарата испитивана је на Војномедицинској академији уБеограду у лабораторији за испитивање антимикробне активности ииталијанској лабораторији Biolab s.p.a, Vimodrone. Резултати истраживања супоказали максималну ефикасност препарата New environ на тестиранемикроорганизме, као и у присуству органских материја.
КАРАКТЕРИЗАЦИЈА КОАГУЛАЗА НЕГАТИВНИХ СТАФИЛОКОКА ИЗОЛОВАНИХ ИЗ СУВОГ МЕСА ОВЧИЈЕГ ТРУПА – СЈЕНИЧКА ОВЧИЈА СТЕЉА
Authors: Жугић Петровић Т. , Мурузовић М. , Младеновић К. , Илић П. , Коцић Танацков С. , Чомић Љ.
Published: March 2018

Овчија стеља је ферментисани производ од овчијег меса, чији квалитет иорганолептичка својства побољшавају микроорганизми дајући производдоброг квалитета. Процес ферментације сјеничке овчије стеље није контро -лисан, па се у овом случају ради искључиво о дивљим сојевима микроорга -низама који чине микробиоту производа.Коагулаза негативне стафилококе (CNS) има значајно место у дефинисањукарактеристика производа. Циљ нашег рада је био: изолација коагулазанегативних стафилокока из сјеничке овчије стеље, као и карактеризацијаизолованих стафилокока (CNS), како би се прецизније дефинисао сој коагулазанегативних стафилокока који доминира у сјеничкој овчијој стељи и који утичуна квалитет производа.Материјал за ово испитивање чинило је 9 узорка овчије стеље, који су узетииз три домаћинства са подручија Сјенице у две производне године ( 2014. и2015. год.).Фенотипизација изолата рађена је бојењем ћелија по Граму и каталазатестом, а затим су изолати подвргнути коагулаза тесту. За идентификацијудобијених изолата рађени су тестови: способност хемолизе на крвном агару,ферментација манитола, раст на различитим температурама (150С и 450С),осетљивост на новобиоцин, липолитичка активност, протеолитичка акти -вност и синтеза егзополисахарида.
HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS, FASCIOLA HEPATICA И DICROCOELIUM DENDRITICUM КОД СРНА :CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS; У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Стевановић О. , Николић С. , Бабић Р. , Недић Д. , Секулић Ж. , Aмовић М.
Published: March 2018

У овом раду описано је присуство паразитских врста Haemonchus contortus,Fasciola hepatica и Dicrocoelium dendriticum код срнеће дивљачи у РепублициСрпској. У периоду од 1. јануара 2015. године до 20. августа 2016. године изв -ршено је 17 обдукција обичне срне (Capreolus capreolus). Haemonchus contortusје установљен код шест срна, Fasciola hepatica код једне срне и Dicrocoeliumdendriticumкод двије срне. Локације одстријељених и угинулих срна код којихсу установљени наведени паразити у ловишту су у раду означене поопштинама, примjеном методе геоинформатичког система - ГИС. Присуство иналаз великог и малог метиља немају већи клиничко-патолошки значај, докинфекција нематодом Haemonchus contortus има већи утицај на здравственистатус срна у Републици Српској.
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA U MESU SVINJA - RIZIK ZA BEZBEDNOST HRANE
Authors: Ivanović J. , Janjić J. , Mitrović R. , Krnjaić D. , Bošković M. , Ranin L. , Baltić M. Ž.
Published: March 2018

Evropska agencija za bezbednost hrane (EFSA - European Food Safety Authority)objavila je u 2011. godini preporuke za inspekciju trupova svinja. Preporuke se odnosena najznačajnije biološke opasnosti po zdravlje ljudi koje se mogu naći u mesu.Pored Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii i Trichinella spp., kao biološka opasnostnavodi se i Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica, kao i druge bakterije iz familijeEnterobacteriaceae, ima sposobnost opstanka u spoljašnjoj sredini, u koju dospevapreko inficiranih životinja. U Evropi, svinje su najčešći asimptomatski nosiocipatogenih sojeva Y. enterocolitica za ljude, posebno soja biotipa 4 (serotipa O:3) i netako učestalog biotipa 2 (serotip O:9 i O:27). Uzročnici su najčešće lokalizovani uoralnoj duplji, posebno u tonzilama, submaksilarnim limfnim čvorovima, crevima ifecesu svinja. Pravilan postupak sa trupovima svinja, nakon klanja, može znatno dasmanji nivo kontaminacije mesa svinja. Učestalost Y. enterocolitica kod svinja, kaorezervoara ovog patogena, veoma varira. Slučajevi jersinioze kod ljudi zabeleženi su,kako u Evropi, tako i u Japanu, SAD, Nigeriji i Brazilu.
Nitrogen addition increases the contents of glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon but retains aggregate stability in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest
Authors: Sun Lipeng , Wang Guoliang , Jing Hang , Liu Guobin
Published: March 2018

Background: Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) contribute to the formation and stability of soil aggregates, but the mechanism by which global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition changes soil aggregate stability when it alters the distribution of GRSP and SOC in different aggregate fractions remains unknown. Methods: We used a gradient N addition (0–9 g N–2 y–1) in Pinus tabulaeformis forest for 2 years in northeast China and then examined the changes in SOC contents, total GRSP (T-GRSP), and easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP) contents in three soil aggregate fractions (macro-aggregate: >250 μm, micro-aggregate: 250–53 μm, and clay–silt aggregate: <53 μm) and their relationship with aggregate stability. Results: (1) The soil was dominated by macro-aggregates. Short term N addition had no significant effect on mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). (2) GRSP varied among aggregate fractions, and N addition had variable effects on the distribution of GRSP in aggregate fractions. The EE-GRSP content in the macro-aggregates increased initially and then decreased with increasing N addition levels, having a peak value of 0.480 mg/g at 6 g N–2 y–1. The micro-aggregates had the lowest EE-GRSP content (0.148 mg/g) at 6 g N–2 y–1. Furthermore, the T-GRSP content significantly increased in the aggregate fractions with the N addition levels. (3) The macro-aggregate had the highest SOC content, followed by the micro-aggregate and the clay–silt aggregate had the lowest SOC content. N addition significantly increased the SOC content in all the aggregate fractions. (4) GRSP and SOC contents were not significantly correlated with MWD. Conclusion: The distributions of GRSP and SOC varied with aggregate fractions. GRSP and SOC contents increased by N addition, but this increase did not enhance aggregate stability in short term, and the improvement of stability might depend on binding agents and incubation time.
The impact of sea ice regime on meiobenthic structure and function north of Svalbard
Authors: Grzelak Katarzyna , Kędra Monika , Gregorczyk Klaudia , Morata Nathalie , Blazewicz Magdalena
Published: March 2018

Eight stations located in the seasonal sea ice zone north of Svalbard were investigated during ‘TRANSSIZ’ cruise within Arctic in Rapid Transition initiative. Nematodes were used as a key group within the meiofauna. Our study provides previously unavailable data on nematode diversity for this Arctic region during ecologically important spring to summer transition time. Phytoplankton bloom development is crucial for the Arctic marine ecosystems functioning, yet data from this time of year, particularly for the deep-sea basins north of Svalbard are still scarce. The obtained results suggest that nematode community differences are attributed to prevailing environmental conditions, ice-edge related bloom-phase. Three distinct nematode assemblages were observed and were related to bloom stage. Nematodes standing stock and diversity was the lowest at stations where pre-bloom phase occurred. Community was dominated by opportunistic genera belonging to Monhysteridae and by Acantholaimus. Conditions at stations with already developed bloom promoted enhanced abundance and biomass of nematodes and almost two time higher number of nematode genera in comparison to pre-bloom stations. Communities at those stations were characterized by genera of Desmoscolecidae family. Stations with early-bloom conditions appeared as transitional, with conditions in which relatively high number of genera with different life strategy can co-exist.

The study was completed thanks to funding provided by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2016/20/S/NZ8/00432 and 2015/19/B/NZ8/03945). Presented material was collected during R/V Polarstern TRANSSIZ cruise (ARK XXIX/1; PS92), carried out under grant number AWI_PS92_00 and organized by Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART).
Jasmonic acid biosynthesis by microorganisms: Derivatives, first evidences on biochemical pathways and culture conditions for production
Authors: Eng Felipe , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Gutiérrez-Rojas Mariano , Favela-Torres Ernesto , Feussner Ivo
Published: March 2018

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives (called jasmonates) are lipid-derived signalling molecules that are produced by certain bacteria, fungi and plants. Beside this function, jasmonates have a great variety of applications in the flavour and fragrances production. In addition, they may have a high potential in agriculture. JAs protect plant against infections and may suppress the growth of cancer cells in humans and animals. Although a lot of information on the biosynthesis and function of JA exists from plants, knowledge on these aspects is still scarce for microorganisms. Taking into account the practical importance of JA, the objective of this review is to summarize knowledge on the occurrence of jasmonates from microbial culture media, their biosynthetic pathways and the culture conditions for optimal JA production as an alternative source for the production of these valuable metabolites
Automatic definition of robust microbiome sub-states in longitudinal data
Authors: García-Jiménez Beatriz , Wilkinson Mark D
Published: March 2018

The analysis of microbiome dynamics would allow us to elucidate patterns within microbial community evolution; however, microbiome state-transition dynamics have been scarcely studied. This is in part because a necessary first-step in such analyses has not been well-defined: how to deterministically describe a microbiome’s ”state”. Clustering in states have been widely studied, although no standard has been concluded yet. We propose a generic, domain-independent and automatic procedure to determine a reliable set of microbiome sub-states within a specific dataset, and with respect to the conditions of the study. The robustness of sub-state identification is established by the combination of diverse techniques for stable cluster verification. We reuse four distinct longitudinal microbiome datasets to demonstrate the broad applicability of our method, analysing results with different taxa subset allowing to adjust it depending on the application goal, and showing that the methodology provides a set of robust sub-states to examine in downstream studies about dynamics in microbiome.
Functional genomics of lipid metabolism in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Coradetti Samuel T , Pinel Dominic , Geiselman Gina M , Ito Masakazu , Mondo Stephen J , Reilly Morgann C , Cheng Ya-Fang , Bauer Stefan , Grigoriev Igor V , Gladden John M , Simmons Blake A , Brem Rachel B , Arkin Adam P , Skerker Jeffrey M
Published: March 2018

The basidiomycete yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides (also known as Rhodotorula toruloides) accumulates high concentrations of lipids and carotenoids from diverse carbon sources. It has great potential as a model for the cellular biology of lipid droplets and for sustainable chemical production. We developed a method for high-throughput genetics (RB-TDNAseq), using sequence-barcoded Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA insertions. We identified 1,337 putative essential genes with low T-DNA insertion rates. We functionally profiled genes required for fatty acid catabolism and lipid accumulation, validating results with 35 targeted deletion strains. We identified a high-confidence set of 150 genes affecting lipid accumulation, including genes with predicted function in signaling cascades, gene expression, protein modification and vesicular trafficking, autophagy, amino acid synthesis and tRNA modification, and genes of unknown function. These results greatly advance our understanding of lipid metabolism in this oleaginous species and demonstrate a general approach for barcoded mutagenesis that should enable functional genomics in diverse fungi.
IgM and IgD B cell receptors differentially respond to endogenous antigens and control B cell fate
Authors: Noviski Mark , Mueller James L , Satterthwaite Anne , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann , Brombacher Frank , Zikherman Julie
Published: March 2018

Naive B cells co-express two BCR isotypes, IgM and IgD, with identical antigen-binding domains but distinct constant regions. IgM but not IgD is downregulated on autoreactive B cells. Because these isotypes are presumed to be redundant, it is unknown how this could impose tolerance. We introduced the Nur77-eGFP reporter of BCR signaling into mice that express each BCR isotype alone. Despite signaling strongly in vitro, IgD is less sensitive than IgM to endogenous antigen in vivo and developmental fate decisions are skewed accordingly. IgD-only Lyn−/− B cells cannot generate autoantibodies and short-lived plasma cells (SLPCs) in vivo, a fate thought to be driven by intense BCR signaling induced by endogenous antigens. Similarly, IgD-only B cells generate normal germinal center, but impaired IgG1+ SLPC responses to T-dependent immunization. We propose a role for IgD in maintaining the quiescence of autoreactive B cells and restricting their differentiation into autoantibody secreting cells.
First endemic freshwaterGammarusfrom Crete and its evolutionary history—an integrative taxonomy approach
Authors: Hupało Kamil , Mamos Tomasz , Wrzesińska Weronika , Grabowski Michał
Published: March 2018

The Mediterranean islands are known as natural laboratories of evolution with a high level of endemic biodiversity. However, most biodiversity assessments have focused mainly on terrestrial and marine fauna, leaving the freshwater animals aside. Crete is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean Basin, with a long history of isolation from the continental mainland. Gammarid amphipods are often dominant in macrozoobenthic communities in European inland waters. They are widely used in biomonitoring and exotoxicological studies. Herein, we describeGammarus plaitisisp. nov., endemic to Cretan streams, based on morphological characters and a set of molecular species delimitation methods using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes as well as nuclear 28S rDNA, ITS1 and EF1-alpha genes. The divergence of the new species is strongly connected with the geological history of the island supporting its continental origin.
Pressure‐ and heat‐induced protein unfolding in bacterial cells: crowding vs. sticking
Authors: Chen Timothy , Dave Kapil , Gruebele Martin
Published: March 2018

In‐cell protein stability is increased by crowding, but can be reduced by destabilizing surface interactions. Will different denaturation techniques yield similar trends? Here, we apply pressure and thermal denaturation to green fluorescent protein/ReAsH‐labeled yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in Escherichia coli cells. Pressure denaturation is more two state‐like in E. coli than in vitro, stabilizing the native state. Thermal denaturation destabilizes PGK in E. coli, unlike in mammalian cells. Results in wild‐type MG1655 strain are corroborated in pressure‐resistant J1 strain, where PGK is less prone to aggregation. Thus, destabilizing surface interactions overcome stabilizing crowding in the E. coli cytoplasm under thermal denaturation, but not under pressure denaturation.
True Volumes of Slope Failure Estimated From a Quaternary Mass‐Transport Deposit in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Alves Tiago M. , Lu Xiangyang , Chen Chuanxu , Xie Xinong
Published: March 2018

Submarine slope failure can mobilize large amounts of seafloor sediment, as shown in varied offshore locations around the world. Submarine landslide volumes are usually estimated by mapping their tops and bases on seismic data. However, two essential components of the total volume of failed sediments are overlooked in most estimates: (a) the volume of subseismic turbidites generated during slope failure and (b) the volume of shear compaction occurring during the emplacement of failed sediment. In this study, the true volume of a large submarine landslide in the northern South China Sea is estimated using seismic, multibeam bathymetry and Ocean Drilling Program/Integrated Ocean Drilling Program well data. The submarine landslide was evacuated on the continental slope and deposited in an ocean basin connected to the slope through a narrow moat. This particular character of the sea floor provides an opportunity to estimate the amount of strata remobilized by slope instability. The imaged volume of the studied landslide is ~1035 ± 64 km3, ~406 ± 28 km3 on the slope and ~629 ± 36 km3 in the ocean basin. The volume of subseismic turbidites is ~86 km3 (median value), and the volume of shear compaction is ~100 km3, which are ~8.6% and ~9.7% of the landslide volume imaged on seismic data, respectively. This study highlights that the original volume of the failed sediments is significantly larger than that estimated using seismic and bathymetric data. Volume loss related to the generation of landslide‐related turbidites and shear compaction must be considered when estimating the total volume of failed strata in the submarine realm.
Increasingly Important Role of Atmospheric Aridity on Tibetan Alpine Grasslands
Authors: Ding Jinzhi , Yang Tao , Zhao Yutong , Liu Dan , Wang Xiaoyi , Yao Yitong , Peng Shushi , Wang Tao , Piao Shilong
Published: March 2018

Pronounced warming occurring on the Tibetan Plateau is expected to stimulate alpine grassland growth but could also increase atmospheric aridity that limits photosynthesis. But there lacks a systematic assessment of the impact of atmospheric aridity on alpine grassland productivity. Here we combine satellite observations, flux‐tower‐based productivity, and model simulations to quantify the effect of atmospheric aridity on grassland productivity and its temporal change between 1982 and 2011. We found a negative impact of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on grassland productivity. This negative effect becomes increasingly intensified in terms of the impact severity and extent, suggesting an increasingly important role of atmospheric aridity on productivity. We further demonstrated that this negative effect is mitigated but cannot be overcompensated by the positive effect of rising CO2. Given that vapor pressure deficit is projected to further increase by ~10–38% in the future, Tibetan alpine grasslands will face an increasing stress of atmospheric drought.
A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field From Juno's First Nine Orbits
Authors: Connerney J. E. P. , Kotsiaros S. , Oliversen R. J. , Espley J. R. , Joergensen J. L. , Joergensen P. S. , Merayo J. M. G. , Herceg M. , Bloxham J. , Moore K. M. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M.
Published: March 2018

A spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during its first nine polar orbits about the planet. Observations acquired during eight of these orbits provide the first truly global coverage of Jupiter's magnetic field with a coarse longitudinal separation of ~45° between perijoves. The magnetic field is represented with a degree 20 spherical harmonic model for the planetary (“internal”) field, combined with a simple model of the magnetodisc for the field (“external”) due to distributed magnetospheric currents. Partial solution of the underdetermined inverse problem using generalized inverse techniques yields a model (“Juno Reference Model through Perijove 9”) of the planetary magnetic field with spherical harmonic coefficients well determined through degree and order 10, providing the first detailed view of a planetary dynamo beyond Earth.
Formation of the Nitrided Layers on an Austenitic Stainless Steel with Different Grain Structures
Authors: Krawczyńska Agnieszka T. , Zdunek Joanna , Sitek Ryszard , Lewandowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2018

In this work, the formation of nitrided layers on an austenitic stainless steel with very different grain structures is analyzed. Two different grain structures, that is, 1) nanotwined and 2) consisted of dislocation low‐angle grain boundaries are produced by hydrostatic extrusion either hot (with preheating at 1000 °C) or room temperature with a total true strain of 1.4. The coarse‐grained sample is used as a reference one. These three types of samples are nitrided using low‐temperature plasma‐assisted nitriding at 430 °C for 5 h. Nitrided layers consisting of S‐phase are produced on all the samples. However, only minor differences in their thickness are observed. The analysis reveals that the formation of nitrided layers is controlled by volume diffusion disregarding the grain structure of the substrates. This is attributed to very specific grain boundaries (twin and dislocation grain boundaries) dominating in hydrostatically extruded samples. Such special grain boundaries do not provide fast diffusion channel but act as trapping sites for diffusing atoms. As a consequence, much more nitrogen is stored in the layers formed on the samples previously subjected to hydrostatic extrusion but the layer thickness does not differ significantly.
Controlled Transformations of Aryl Halides in a Flow System: Selective Synthesis of Aryl Azides and Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Georgiádes Ádám , Ötvös Sándor B. , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: March 2018

Copper‐mediated nitrogenation of aryl halides with sodium azide can result in either aryl azides or aniline derivatives. The selectivity of the transformation is highly dependent on reaction time and temperature, which led to contradictory literature results with respect to product selectivity and the conditions applied. The advantages of a strictly controlled flow reactor environment were exploited in order to facilitate selective haloarene transformations. Reaction conditions were carefully investigated to understand their role on product selectivity. Aryl azides and aryl amines were successfully prepared from the same starting materials using the same auxiliaries by means of precise control over residence time and reaction temperature, thereby ensuring time‐, cost‐ and atom‐efficient syntheses.

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Primitive Photosynthetic Architectures Based on Self‐Organization and Chemical Evolution of Amino Acids and Metal Ions
Authors: Liu Kai , Ren Xiaokang , Sun Jianxuan , Zou Qianli , Yan Xuehai
Published: March 2018

The emergence of light‐energy‐utilizing metabolism is likely to be a critical milestone in prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life. However, how the primitive pigment is spontaneously generated still remains unknown. Herein, a primitive pigment model based on adaptive self‐organization of amino acids (Cystine, Cys) and metal ions (zinc ion, Zn2+) followed by chemical evolution under hydrothermal conditions is developed. The resulting hybrid microspheres are composed of radially aligned cystine/zinc (Cys/Zn) assembly decorated with carbonate‐doped zinc sulfide (C‐ZnS) nanocrystals. The part of C‐ZnS can work as a light‐harvesting antenna to capture ultraviolet and visible light, and use it in various photochemical reactions, including hydrogen (H2) evolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction, and reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH). Additionally, guest molecules (e.g., glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH) can be encapsulated within the hierarchical Cys/Zn framework, which facilitates sustainable photoenzymatic synthesis of glutamate. This study helps deepen insight into the emergent functionality (conversion of light energy) and complexity (hierarchical architecture) from interaction and reaction of prebiotic molecules. The primitive pigment model is also promising to work as an artificial photosynthetic microreactor.
Mine Safety and Health Administration's Part 50 program does not fully capture chronic disease and injury in the Illinois mining industry
Authors: Almberg Kirsten S. , Friedman Lee S. , Swedler David , Cohen Robert A.
Published: March 2018

Background

The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requires reporting of injuries and illnesses to their Part 50 program. A 2011 study indicated that the Part 50 program did not capture many cases of injury in Kentucky, causing concern about underreporting in other states.

Methods

MSHA Part 50 reports from Illinois for 2001‐2013 were linked to Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission (IWCC) data. IWCC cases not found in the Part 50 data were considered unreported.

Results

Overall, the Part 50 Program did not capture 66% of IWCC cases from 2001 to 2013. Chronic injuries or illnesses were more likely to be unreported to MSHA.

Conclusions

The majority of occupational injuries and illnesses found in the IWCC from this time period, were not captured by Part 50. Inaccurate reporting of injuries and illnesses to the Part 50 program hinders MSHA's ability to enforce safety and health standards in the mining industry.