bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinones in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Linsenmeier Anna M. , Braje Wilfried M.
Published: December 2015

Arylboronic acids (IV) undergo Rh‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition to α,β‐unsaturated esters (II) and (VII) to give the corresponding addition products (V), (VI), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Rasta Resin‐TBD‐Catalyzed γ‐Selective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reactions of α,γ‐Disubstituted Allenones.
Authors: Ma Shuang , Yang Yun‐Chin , Toy Patrick H.
Published: December 2015

Both superbase MTBD and the polystyrene‐based rasta resin‐supported analog RAS are used as catalysts for γ‐selective Morita—Baylis—Hillman reactions of α,γ‐disubstituted allenones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Tertiary Alcohols by Cross Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Wang Ke‐Hu , et al.
Published: December 2015

Title compounds are synthesized by aldol reaction under mild conditions by grinding method.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Fluorination of C(sp3)—H Bonds: Synthesis of β‐Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Zhu Qihua , Ji Dezhong , Liang Tingting , Wang Xueyan , Xu Yungen
Published: December 2015

Conditions A) are highly suitable for the direct fluorination process and various functionalities are tolerated including amino acid derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Single Lipase‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Protocol Combining Aminolysis Resolution and Aza‐Michael Addition: An Easy and Efficient Way to Synthesise β‐Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: Xu Fan , Wu Qiongsi , Chen Xiaoyang , Lin Xianfu , Wu Qi
Published: December 2015

Enantiopure β‐amino acid esters and chiral amides are simultaneously prepared by the title protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones via Iodide‐Catalyzed Radical Alkenylation.
Authors: Fan Weizheng , Su Jiapeng , Shi Dongyang , Feng Bainian
Published: December 2015

Vinylarenes and acrylates react with aryl‐ and alkyldiazonium salts in the presence of DABSO and TBHP as the oxidant to give the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a C—C Bond‐Forming Conjugate Addition Reaction in Asymmetric Dearomatization of β‐Naphthols.
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Wang Linqing , Kai Ming , Li Dan , Yao Xiaojun , Wang Rui
Published: December 2015

A magnesium catalyst, generated in situ, is the active species in the title reaction which is applied to a broad spectrum of substituted naphthols and terminal propargylic ketones under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Construction of 3′,4′‐Dihydrospiro[pyrrol‐3,2′‐oxindoles] Through a Cascade Michael/Cyclization Reaction of 3‐Aminoindolin‐2‐ones with Enones/Enals.
Authors: Wang Dao‐Cai , Song Hang , Xu Chun‐Yun , Dong Hui , Liu Jie
Published: December 2015

Title compounds are efficiently synthesized through a cascade Michael/cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Silane—Iodine Catalytic System.
Authors: Fujita Shoji , Abe Masanori , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: December 2015

The novel catalytic system is used successfully for the preparation of a broad spectrum of substituted furans and some pyran structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Carboxy‐4,5‐dihydropyrroles via an Intramolecular Iminium Ion Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Xiang Jinbao , Xie Hongxiang , Li Zhuo , Dang Qun , Bai Xu
Published: December 2015

With exception of products (XIV)/(XV), treatment of Baylis—Hillman derivatives with aromatic aldehydes affords exclusively trans‐4,5‐disubstituted dihydropyrrole structures, important synthons in natural product and medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroles Through Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Allylamines and Alkenes.
Authors: Kim Dong‐Su , Seo Yong‐Sik , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: December 2015

Conditions A) allow access to a series of substituted pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Methodology for Synthesis of Enantiopure 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrol‐2‐Ones.
Authors: Krenk Ondrej , Kratochvil Jiri , Spulak Marcel , Buchta Vladimir , Kunes Jiri , Novakova Lucie , Ghavre Mukund , Pour Milan
Published: December 2015

The title pyrroles are obtained by a linear synthetic route utilizing natural feedstocks and using different coupling agents at a late stage of the synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Constrained Analogues of Tryptophan.
Authors: Rossi Elisabetta , Pirovano Valentina , Negrato Marco , Abbiati Giorgio , Dell'Acqua Monica
Published: December 2015

The Lewis acid mediated diastereoselective [4 + 2]‐cycloaddition of vinylindoles [e.g. (I)] and acetamidoacrylate (II) gives tetrahydrocarbazoles [e.g.(III)], which can be further derived.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions: Rapid Synthesis of a 5,5‐Fused Bicyclic Skeleton from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Allenoates.
Authors: Xu Shibo , Su Shikuan , Zhang Huiting , Tian Lumin , Liang Pengcheng , Chen Jiawen , Zhang Yuan , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian
Published: December 2015

5,5‐Fused bicyclic compounds are efficiently obtained by reaction of various isocyanides, allenoates, and α,β‐unsaturated ketones via a cascade sequence involving a multiple Michael reaction, hydration, and intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrazole Derivatives via Multicomponent Reaction and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Viveka Shivapura , Dinesha Shivapura , Madhu Leelavathi Narayana , Nagaraja Gundibasappa Karikannar
Published: December 2015

A variety of new pyrazole derivatives bearing multifunctionalized pyrimidine [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts as Building Blocks of Heterocycles: A Simple Approach to 4‐Substituted Pyrazolones, and Mechanism Investigation via ESI—MS(/MS).
Authors: Barcelos Rosimeire C. , Zeoly Lucas A. , Rodrigues Manoel T. Jr. , Ferreira Bruno R. V. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Coelho Fernando
Published: December 2015

Efficient approaches for the synthesis of 4‐substituted dihydropyrazolones starting from readily available Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts (III) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Studies on Sultones Derived from Carbene Cyclization Cycloaddition Cascades.
Authors: Gross Tobias , Herrmann Therese , Shi Bairu , Jaeger Anne , Chiu Pauline , Metz Peter
Published: December 2015

The rhodium‐catalyzed carbene cyclization‐cycloaddition cascade of a tosyl‐substituted diazoketone derivative to a polycyclic sultone is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Alkylation of 2‐Bromoazoles via Photoinduced Electron Transfer: A Versatile Strategy to C(sp2)—C(sp3) Coupled Products.
Authors: Arora Amandeep , Teegardin Kip A. , Weaver Jimmie D.
Published: December 2015

Thiazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and substituted derivatives thereof are alkylated with a broad range of alkenes such as dihydropyran, norbornene, camphene, oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, and steroid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Electro‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Transformation of 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one to 1,4‐Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives in Green Medium.
Authors: Vafajoo Zahra , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Veisi Hojat
Published: December 2015

1,4‐Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives (IV) are efficiently and conveniently synthesized by using the electrogenerated anion of ethanol as the base in a one‐pot, three‐component condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Diverse and Functionalized 2H‐Chromenes by Organocatalytic Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Cai Hongyun , Xia Likai , Lee Yong Rok , Shim Jae‐Jin , Kim Sung Hong
Published: December 2015

This new and green procedure for the regioselective synthesis of functionalized 2H‐chromenes utilizes one‐pot, three‐component reactions between salicylaldehyde, electron‐deficient alkynes, and alcohols in the presence of L‐proline.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted N‐Pyridylation of Heteroarenes Using N‐Propargyl Enaminones as Equivalents of Pyridine Scaffolds.
Authors: Cheng Guolin , Weng Yunxiang , Yang Xifa , Cui Xiuling
Published: December 2015

N‐Propargyl enaminones, either in isolated form or generated in situ, are established as masked polysubstituted pyridine cores.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolines by Visible‐Light Induced Radical Reaction of Vinyl Azides and α‐Carbonyl Benzyl Bromides.
Authors: Wang Qile , Huang Jun , Zhou Lei
Published: December 2015

Visible‐light‐induced radical reaction of vinyl azides and α‐carbonyl benzyl bromides provides an efficient route to polysubstituted quinolines via a C—C and C—N bond formation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Cyclization/Ring Expansion: Construction of Five‐, Six‐, and Seven‐Membered Heterocycles from 2‐Alkynyl Benzaldehydes and Cyclic Amino Acids.
Authors: Samala Srinivas , Singh Gajendra , Kumar Ravi , Ampapathi Ravi Sankar , Kundu Bijoy
Published: December 2015

With a view to the synthesis of annulated polyheterocyclic systems, a broad spectrum of aromatic aldehyde substrates can be successfully applied in the reaction with cyclic amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Triple Aryne—Tetrazine Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Polyaromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Suh Sung‐Eun , Barros Stephanie A. , Chenoweth David M.
Published: December 2015

Tetrazines (I) and (IV) react regioselectively with the in‐situ generated aryne to give the dibenzo[de,g]cinnolines (III), (V), and (VII) in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Directed C—H Allylation.
Authors: Gensch Tobias , Vasquez‐Cespedes Suhelen , Yu Da‐Gang , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2015

N‐Pyrimidine‐protected indole, arenes and hetarenes equipped with an amide directing group as well as acrylamides are efficiently allylated using various allyl methyl carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Photooxidative Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4‐quinazolinones from Aromatic Aldehydes and Aminobenzamide Using Catalytic Amounts of Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Nagasawa Y. , Matsusaki Y. , Nobuta T. , Tada N. , Miura T. , Itoh A.
Published: December 2015

The reaction is conducted by visible light irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: T3P Catalyzed One Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted 3H‐Quinazolin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Raghavendra Goravanahalli M. , Pavan Kumar Chottanahalli S. , Suresha Gejjalagere P. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Mantelingu Kempegowda
Published: December 2015

A series of title compounds is synthesized by a straightforward one‐pot three‐component reaction starting from anthranilic acid derivatives [(I) or (V), resp.].
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Concise Route Toward the Synthesis of Novel Imidazo‐tetrazolodiazepinones via Post‐Condensation Modifications of the Ugi‐Azide Adduct.
Authors: Medda Federico , Martinez‐Ariza Guillermo , Hulme Christopher
Published: December 2015

Potentially biologically active imidazo‐tetrazolodiazepinones are prepared following a simple three‐step synthesis consisting of a four‐component Ugi‐reaction, transformation of the product to a tetrazolo‐hydantoin and deprotection with concomitant ring‐closure.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Addition of Secondary Phosphine Oxides to Vinyl Sulfides: A Shortcut to 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐(organosulfanyl)ethyl(diorganyl)phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana F , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Liu C. W. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: December 2015

The title reaction proceeds under solvent‐free conditions without using any catalyst at 80°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Niphateolide A: Isolation from the Marine Sponge Niphates olemda and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration by an ECD Analysis.
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko , et al.
Published: December 2015

Title compound is isolated as an inseparable stereoisomeric mixture at C‐17.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Stereoselective and Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of 1,2‐cis‐Glycosides Using 4,6‐Dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl Glycosides as Glycosyl Donors.
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Kikuta Naoya , Kimura Yoshiharu , Shoda Shin‐ichiro
Published: December 2015

This title reaction is successfully applied not only to monosaccharides, but also to di‐ and oligosaccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Enantiomers of a Bisindole Alkaloid with a New Carbon Skeleton from the Roots of Isatis indigotica.
Authors: Shi Jian‐Gong , et al.
Published: December 2015

A pair of indole alkaloid enantiomers, insatindibisindolamides A [(R)‐I] and B [(S)‐I] is isolated and separated.
ChemInform Abstract: Generating High‐Valent Iron with Light: Photochemical Dynamics from Femtoseconds to Seconds
Authors: Torres‐Alacan Joel , Voehringer Peter
Published: December 2015

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Non‐aqueous Fluorolytic Sol‐Gel Synthesis of Nanoscaled Metal Fluorides
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Noack Johannes
Published: December 2015

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity in Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles from Simple Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Gayon Eric , Gerard Helene , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: December 2015

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pioneering Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Strategy of Aromatic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: December 2015

Review: [66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines: Recent Advances
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: December 2015

Review: [71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Ar‐BINMOL‐Derived Atropisomeric Ligands with Matched Axial and sp3 Central Chirality for Catalytic Asymmetric Transformations
Authors: Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: December 2015

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Halo‐Substituted Alkylthiophenes. A Review
Authors: Gendron David , Vamvounis George
Published: December 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions, Union of MCRs and Beyond
Authors: Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Chandgude Ajay L. , Doemling Alexander
Published: December 2015

Review: [58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide Ion and Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Ligand as a “Magic” Couple Toward Luminescence, Single Molecule Magnets, and Magnetostructural Correlations
Authors: Pointillart Fabrice , Le Guennic Boris , Cador Olivier , Maury Olivier , Ouahab Lahcene
Published: December 2015

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Fibrinogen Adsorption at Solid Substrates
Authors: Adamczyk Zbigniew , Bratek‐Skicki Anna , Zeliszewska Paulina , Wasilewska Monika
Published: December 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: State of the Art and Prospects
Authors: Li Xinming , Lv Zheng , Zhu Hongwei
Published: December 2015

Review: 262 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solubility of Solids in Supercritical Fluids: The Mendez‐Santiago Teja Model Revisited
Authors: Nasri Loubna , Bensetiti Zouhir
Published: December 2015

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Industry Perspectives on Process Analytical Technology: Tools and Applications in API Manufacturing
Authors: Orr John D. , et al.
Published: December 2015

Review: 13 refs.
Microencapsulation of red and white thyme oil in poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid: Assessment of encapsulation efficiency and antimicrobial capacity of the produced microcapsules
Authors: Moreira Ana C. G. , Martins Isabel M. , Fernandes Isabel , Barreiro Maria F. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: December 2015

In this work, microcapsules were formed by coating thyme oil with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA), through a coacervation process recently developed at our laboratory and previously studied for poly lactic acid (PLA). The coacervation method involves dissolution of the polymer (PLGA 50:50) in dimethylformamide. After adding this solution to the oil/water (o/w) emulsion, and due the insolubility of the polymer in water, polymer deposition occurs around the oil droplets and microcapsule formation starts. PLGA was chosen due to its easy biodegradation and biocompatibility. The active principle, thyme oil, is characterized by excellent antimicrobial activity ascribed to the presence of thymol and carvacrol, its major components. Two types of thyme oil (red and white) were microencapsulated and the produced microcapsules were characterized using optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and gas chromatography (used to evaluate encapsulation efficiency). Antimicrobial activity was preliminarily evaluated following ASTM E2149‐01. Microscopy and particle size analysis confirmed the existence of microcapsules with round shapes, smooth surfaces, particle diameters between ∼45–49 μm, and wall thicknesses ∼3.5 μm. Global encapsulation efficiencies of thyme oil (both red and white) were 70 % and 57 %, respectively. The produced microcapsules exhibited a sustained oil release that ensures a level of antimicrobial activity maintenance desirable for cosmetic applications.
Organ of Corti explants direct tonotopically graded morphology of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro
Authors: Smith Felicia L. , Davis Robin L.
Published: December 2015

The spiral ganglion is a compelling model system to examine how morphological form contributes to sensory function. While the ganglion is composed mainly of a single class of type I neurons that make simple one‐to‐one connections with inner hair cell sensory receptors, it has an elaborate overall morphological design. Specific features, such as soma size and axon outgrowth, are graded along the spiral contour of the cochlea. To begin to understand the interplay between different regulators of neuronal morphology, we cocultured neuron explants with peripheral target tissues removed from distinct cochlear locations. Interestingly, these “hair cell microisolates” were capable of both increasing and decreasing neuronal somata size, without adversely affecting survival. Moreover, axon characteristics elaborated de novo by the primary afferents in culture were systematically regulated by the sensory endorgan. Apparent peripheral nervous system (PNS)‐like and central nervous system (CNS)‐like axonal profiles were established in our cocultures allowing an analysis of putative PNS/CNS axon length ratios. As predicted from the in vivo organization, PNS‐like axon bundles elaborated by apical cocultures were longer than their basal counterparts and this phenotype was methodically altered when neuron explants were cocultured with microisolates from disparate cochlear regions. Thus, location‐dependent signals within the organ of Corti may set the “address” of neurons within the spiral ganglion, allowing them to elaborate the appropriate tonotopically associated morphological features in order to carry out their signaling function. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2182–2207, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Somatosensory organ topography across the star of the star‐nosed mole (Condylura cristata)
Authors: Sawyer Eva K. , Catania Kenneth C.
Published: December 2015

Quantifying somatosensory receptor distribution in glabrous skin is usually difficult because of the diversity of skin receptor subtypes and their location within the dermis and epidermis. However, the glabrous noses of moles are an exception. In most species of moles, the skin on the nose is covered with domed mechanosensory units known as an Eimer's organs. Eimer's organs contain a stereotyped array of different mechanosensory neurons, meaning that the distribution of mechanosensitive nerve endings can be inferred by visual inspection of the skin surface. Here we detail the distribution of Eimer's organs on the highly derived somatosensory star on the rostrum of the star‐nosed mole (Condylura cristata). The star consists of 22 fleshy appendages, or rays, that are covered in Eimer's organs. We find that the density of Eimer's organs increases from proximal to distal locations along the length of the star's rays with a ratio of 1:2.3:3.1 from the surface nearest to the nostril, to the middle part of ray, to the ray tip, respectively. This ratio is comparable to the increase in receptor unit density reported for the human hand, from the palm, to the middle of the digits, to the distal fingertips. We also note that the tactile fovea of the star‐nosed mole, located on the medial ventral ray, does not have increased sensory organ density, and we describe these findings in comparison with other sensory fovea. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:917–929, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of the SynDIG4/proline‐rich transmembrane protein 1 in rat brain
Authors: Kirk Lyndsey M. , Ti Shu W. , Bishop Hannah I. , Orozco‐Llamas Mayra , Pham Michelle , Trimmer James S. , Díaz Elva
Published: December 2015

The modulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) content at synapses is thought to be an underlying molecular mechanism of memory and learning. AMPAR content at synapses is highly plastic and is regulated by numerous AMPAR accessory transmembrane proteins such as TARPs, cornichons, and CKAMPs. SynDIG (synapse differentiation‐induced gene) defines a family of four genes (SynDIG1–4) expressed in distinct and overlapping patterns in the brain. SynDIG1 was previously identified as a novel transmembrane AMPAR‐associated protein that regulates synaptic strength. The related protein SynDIG4 [also known as Prrt1 (proline‐rich transmembrane protein 1)] has recently been identified as a component of AMPAR complexes. In this study, we show that SynDIG1 and SynDIG4 have distinct yet overlapping patterns of expression in the central nervous system, with SynDIG4 having especially prominent expression in the hippocampus and particularly within CA1. In contrast to SynDIG1 and other traditional AMPAR auxiliary subunits, SynDIG4 is de‐enriched at the postsynaptic density and colocalizes with extrasynaptic GluA1 puncta in primary dissociated neuron culture. These results indicate that, although SynDIG4 shares sequence similarity with SynDIG1, it might act through a unique mechanism as an auxiliary factor for extrasynaptic GluA1‐containing AMPARs. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2266–2280, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of approaches for testing concurrent programs
Authors: Arora Vinay , Bhatia Rajesh , Singh Maninder
Published: December 2015

Concurrent programs are replacing the sequential programs as they utilize the true capabilities of multicore architecture. The extensive use of multicore systems and multithreaded paradigms warrants more attention to the testing of the concurrent programs. The testing concurrent program is not a new field as it has been more than 40 years because the first problem related to the testing concurrent program was addressed by the researchers. The field covers various domains, which include concurrency problems, testing approaches, techniques, graphical representations, tools, and subject systems. This paper aims at providing an overview of research in the domain of testing concurrent programs by classifying it into eight categories: (a) reachability testing, (b) structural testing, (c) model‐based testing, (d) mutation‐based testing, (e) slicing‐based testing, (f) formal methods, (g) random testing, and (h) search‐based testing. The survey is focused on the techniques applied, methodologies followed, and tools used in these aforementioned approaches. Furthermore, the gaps are also identified in different approaches. The paper concludes with the consolidation of various testing parameters along with the future directions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task‐based FMM for heterogeneous architectures
Authors: Agullo Emmanuel , Bramas Berenger , Coulaud Olivier , Darve Eric , Messner Matthias , Takahashi Toru
Published: December 2015

High performance fast multipole method is crucial for the numerical simulation of many physical problems. In a previous study, we have shown that task‐based fast multipole method provides the flexibility required to process a wide spectrum of particle distributions efficiently on multicore architectures. In this paper, we now show how such an approach can be extended to fully exploit heterogeneous platforms. For that, we design highly tuned graphics processing unit (GPU) versions of the two dominant operators P2P and M2L) as well as a scheduling strategy that dynamically decides which proportion of subsequent tasks is processed on regular CPU cores and on GPU accelerators. We assess our method with the StarPU runtime system for executing the resulting task flow on an Intel X5650 Nehalem multicore processor possibly enhanced with one, two, or three Nvidia Fermi M2070 or M2090 GPUs (Santa Clara, CA, USA). A detailed experimental study on two 30 million particle distributions (a cube and an ellipsoid) shows that the resulting software consistently achieves high performance across architectures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Dimensional Self Assembly of Semiconducting Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Fundamental Forces to Collective Optical Properties
Authors: Abécassis Benjamin
Published: December 2015

Self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into higher order superstructures is becoming an important topic in current research in nanoscience. More and more research efforts are being dedicated to the controlled processing of nanoparticle dispersions to yield complex architectures from these simple building blocks. This is due to the fact that collective effects can emerge from an assembly of organized nanoparticles. Semiconducting colloidal nanocrystals such as quantum dots are promising materials for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic photovoltaics. The fundamental interactions that dictate the self‐assembly of semiconducting colloidal nanocrystals in apolar solvents are reviewed with a focus on 3D structures and basic shapes (spheres, rods, and platelets). Emergent collective properties and the effect of the self‐assembly on the optical properties of the particles are also discussed.
Rumination, Entrapment and Suicide Ideation: A Mediational Model
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Forkmann Thomas
Published: December 2015

Rumination has been shown to be positively associated with suicide ideation. Yet, only few studies have attempted to explain potential mediators of this association. Perceptions of entrapment are a core component of recent psychological models of suicidality and might mediate the relationship between rumination and suicide ideation. Possible mediator effects were investigated in an online sample (n = 142) and a clinical sample (n = 226) of adults receiving outpatient psychotherapy. Results demonstrated that perceptions of entrapment fully mediated the association between ruminative thinking and suicide ideation. However, the reverse relationship, where the association between entrapment and suicide ideation is mediated by ruminative thinking, was not supported. These findings suggest that the relationship between rumination and suicide ideation is explained by perceptions of entrapment. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Ruminative thinking and perceptions of entrapment are associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

Perceptions of entrapment fully mediate the association between ruminative thinking and suicide ideation.

Clinically, it could be useful to incorporate perceptions of entrapment into the psychosocial risk assessment of persons contemplating suicide.
High‐Performing Polycarbazole Derivatives for Efficient Solution‐Processing of Organic Solar Cells in Air
Authors: Burgués‐Ceballos Ignasi , Hermerschmidt Felix , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Susarova Diana K. , Troshin Pavel A. , Choulis Stelios A.
Published: December 2015

The application of conjugated materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is usually demonstrated in lab‐scale spin‐coated devices that are processed under controlled inert conditions. Although this is a necessary step to prove high efficiency, testing of promising materials in air should be done in the early stages of research to validate their real potential for low‐cost, solution‐processed, and large‐scale OPVs. Also relevant for approaching commercialization needs is the use of printing techniques that are compatible with upscaling. Here, solution processing of organic solar cells based on three new poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives is efficiently transferred, without significant losses, to air conditions and to several deposition methods using a simple device architecture. High efficiencies in the range between 5.0 % and 6.3 % are obtained in (rigid) spin‐coated, doctor‐bladed, and (flexible) slot‐die‐coated devices, which surpass the reference devices based on poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT). In contrast, inkjet printing does not provide reliable results with the presented polymers, which is attributed to their high molecular weight. When the device area in the best‐performing system is increased from 9 mm2 to 0.7 cm2, the efficiency drops from 6.2 % to 5.0 %. Photocurrent mapping reveals inhomogeneous current generation derived from changes in the thickness of the active layer.
ZDHHC16 modulates FGF/ERK dependent proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the zebrafish telencephalon
Authors: Shi Wei , Chen Xueran , Wang Fen , Gao Ming , Yang Yang , Du Zhaoxia , Wang Chen , Yao Yao , He Kun , Hao Aijun
Published: December 2015

In vertebrates, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) maintenance is critical for nervous system development and homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of NSPCs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that zebrafish ZDHHC16, a DHHC encoding protein, which was related to protein palmitoylation after translation, was expressed in the developing forebrain, and especially in the telencephalon. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies showed that ZDHHC16 played a crucial role in the regualtion of NSPCs proliferation during zebrafish telencephalic development, via a mechanism dependent on its palmitoyltransferase activity. Further analyses showed that the inhibition of ZDHHC16 led to inactivation of the FGF/ERK signaling pathway during telencephalic NSPCs proliferation and maintenance. Taken together, our results suggest that ZDHHC16 activity is essential for early NSPCs proliferation where it acts to activate the FGF/ERK network, allowing for the initiation of proliferation –regulated gene expression programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1014–1028, 2016
A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Garber Andrea K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Golden Neville H. , Guarda Angela S. , Katzman Debra K. , Kohn Michael R. , Le Grange Daniel , Madden Sloane , Whitelaw Melissa , Redgrave Graham W.
Published: December 2015

Objective

Given the importance of weight restoration for recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we examined approaches to refeeding in adolescents and adults across treatment settings.

Methods

Systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Clinical Trials databases (1960–2015) using terms refeeding, weight restoration, hypophosphatemia, anorexia nervosa, anorexia, and anorexic.

Results

Of 948 screened abstracts, 27 met these inclusion criteria: participants had AN; reproducible refeeding approach; weight gain, hypophosphatemia or cognitive/behavioral outcomes. Twenty‐six studies (96%) were observational/prospective or retrospective and performed in hospital. Twelve studies published since 2010 examined approaches starting with higher calories than currently recommended (≥1400 kcal/d). The evidence supports 8 conclusions: 1) In mildly and moderately malnourished patients, lower calorie refeeding is too conservative; 2) Both meal‐based approaches or combined nasogastric+meals can administer higher calories; 3) Higher calorie refeeding has not been associated with increased risk for the refeeding syndrome under close medical monitoring with electrolyte correction; 4) In severely malnourished inpatients, there is insufficient evidence to change the current standard of care; 5) Parenteral nutrition is not recommended; 6) Nutrient compositions within recommended ranges are appropriate; 7) More research is needed in non‐hospital settings; 8) The long‐term impact of different approaches is unknown;

Discussion

Findings support higher calorie approaches to refeeding in mildly and moderately malnourished patients under close medical monitoring, however the safety, long‐term outcomes, and feasibility outside of hospital have not been established. Further research is also needed on refeeding approaches in severely malnourished patients, methods of delivery, nutrient compositions and treatment settings.
Water and nutrient discharge to a high‐value terrace–floodplain fen: resilience and risk
Authors: Schilling Keith E. , Jacobson Peter J.
Published: December 2015

While fens provide a host of ecosystem services, those located at the base of river terraces are under threat from upgradient agricultural activities. We investigated a fen located along the boundary of the highly agricultural terrace and modern floodplain of the Cedar River in southeast Iowa using a transect of groundwater and surface water monitoring points. During the three‐year monitoring period, the water table level in the terrace fluctuated 55 cm in the terrace, but hydraulic head in the fen varied only 18 cm during a severe drought that occurred in the region. Fen water table levels were significantly related to those measured in the adjacent terrace but groundwater flow to the fen from regional aquifer sources appeared to provide resilience against large fluctuations in fen water table levels. Terrace groundwater discharging into the fen from a spring at the terrace base had NO3–N concentrations as high as 16 mg/l, averaging approximately 8 mg/l during the study. Concentrations were significantly lower in fen groundwater, likely due in part to denitrification occurring in the organic‐rich fen deposits. PO4–P concentrations were less variable (ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mg/l) but were significantly higher (1.2 mg/l) in the low‐redox fen groundwater. Conservation of these unique and high‐value terrace–fen ecosystems should be made a priority through additional hydrologic investigation and local land management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Synthesis of the Resveratrol Oligomers (±)‐Ampelopsin B and (±)‐ϵ‐Viniferin
Authors: Lindgren Anders E. G. , Öberg Christopher T. , Hillgren J. Mikael , Elofsson Mikael
Published: December 2015

The total synthesis of the resveratrol dimers (±)‐ampelopsin B and (±)‐ϵ‐viniferin is reported. Highlights of the approach include the use of cyclopropylmethyl groups to protect aromatic alcohols. This group allows an acid promoted three‐step, one‐pot deprotection–epimerization–cyclization of an advanced intermediate to give (±)‐ampelopsin B. An important advantage with our strategy is the possibility of synthesizing analogs to these natural products to further study the chemistry and biology of resveratrol oligomers.
Methodological Trends in Research on Evaluation
Authors: Galport Matt , Galport Nicole
Published: December 2015

The wide array of methodologies and analysis techniques available to evaluators presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Whereas practicing evaluators have an ever‐growing collection of methodologies from which to choose, those seeking to take stock of recent research on the set of evaluation methodologies appropriate for a given situation are faced with a daunting task. Although a number of empirical research on evaluation studies have proposed innovative methodologies, relatively few studies offer comparisons of the relative utility of these methods. Moreover, a systematic review of the empirical research on evaluation methodology has not been published. Using a general inductive approach, this chapter systematically examines 65 peer‐reviewed articles published in the American Journal of Evaluation to uncover themes and trends in research on evaluation methodologies and techniques. The present chapter provides a description of the reviewed literature, identifies the methodological themes addressed by the articles in this sample, and addresses the gaps in the current literature.
Using Action Design Research to Research and Develop Evaluation Practice
Authors: Smith Nick L.
Published: December 2015

Although much research on evaluation (RoE) is intended to eventually improve practice, little of it embeds the research in ongoing evaluations so that immediate improvements can be made at the local practitioner level in real time. Action Design Research is an approach to develop and improve practice as part of the ongoing process of conducting an evaluation. After identifying limitations in current approaches to RoE, I discuss the need for a case‐based view of practice that emphasizes practical as well as technical reasoning and then discuss the use of Action Design Research to develop and test alternative evaluation practices to both improve ongoing practice and contribute to general knowledge about the professional practice of evaluation.
Prestimulus default mode activity influences depth of processing and recognition in an emotional memory task
Authors: Soravia Leila M. , Witmer Joëlle S. , Schwab Simon , Nakataki Masahito , Dierks Thomas , Wiest Roland , Henke Katharina , Federspiel Andrea , Jann Kay
Published: December 2015

Low self‐referential thoughts are associated with better concentration, which leads to deeper encoding and increases learning and subsequent retrieval. There is evidence that being engaged in externally rather than internally focused tasks is related to low neural activity in the default mode network (DMN) promoting open mind and the deep elaboration of new information. Thus, reduced DMN activity should lead to enhanced concentration, comprehensive stimulus evaluation including emotional categorization, deeper stimulus processing, and better long‐term retention over one whole week. In this fMRI study, we investigated brain activation preceding and during incidental encoding of emotional pictures and on subsequent recognition performance. During fMRI, 24 subjects were exposed to 80 pictures of different emotional valence and subsequently asked to complete an online recognition task one week later. Results indicate that neural activity within the medial temporal lobes during encoding predicts subsequent memory performance. Moreover, a low activity of the default mode network preceding incidental encoding leads to slightly better recognition performance independent of the emotional perception of a picture. The findings indicate that the suppression of internally‐oriented thoughts leads to a more comprehensive and thorough evaluation of a stimulus and its emotional valence. Reduced activation of the DMN prior to stimulus onset is associated with deeper encoding and enhanced consolidation and retrieval performance even one week later. Even small prestimulus lapses of attention influence consolidation and subsequent recognition performance. Hum Brain Mapp 37:924–932, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comparison of supersonic shear imaging, FibroScan, and ARFI with liver biopsy
Authors: Cassinotto Christophe , Boursier Jérome , de Lédinghen Victor , Lebigot Jérome , Lapuyade Bruno , Cales Paul , Hiriart Jean‐Baptiste , Michalak Sophie , Bail Brigitte Le , Cartier Victoire , Mouries Amaury , Oberti Frédéric , Fouchard‐Hubert Isabelle , Vergniol Julien , Aubé Christophe
Published: December 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health issue. The goal of this study was to assess the clinical use of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) evaluated by supersonic shear imaging (SSI), FibroScan, and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in a cohort of NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy. A total of 291 NAFLD patients were prospectively enrolled from November 2011 to February 2015 at 2 French university hospitals. LSM was assessed by SSI, FibroScan (M probe), and ARFI within two weeks prior to liver biopsy. Calculations of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were performed and compared for the staging of liver fibrosis. AUROC for SSI, FibroScan, and ARFI were 0.86, 0.82, and 0.77 for diagnoses of ≥F2; 0.89, 0.86, and 0.84 for ≥F3; and 0.88, 0.87, and 0.84 for F4, respectively. SSI had a higher accuracy than ARFI for diagnoses of significant fibrosis (≥F2) (P = 0.004). Clinical factors related to obesity such as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥102 cm or increased parietal wall thickness were associated with LSM failures when using SSI or FibroScan and with unreliable results when using ARFI. In univariate analysis, FibroScan values were slightly correlated with NAFLD activity score and steatosis (R = 0.28 and 0.22, respectively), whereas SSI and ARFI were not; however, these components of NAFLD did not affect LSM results in multivariate analysis. The cutoff values for SSI and FibroScan for staging fibrosis with a sensitivity ≥90% were very close: 6.3/6.2 kPa for ≥F2, 8.3/8.2 kPa for ≥F3, and 10.5/9.5 kPa for F4. Conclusion: Although obesity is associated with an increase in LSM failure, the studied techniques and especially SSI provide high value for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients. (Hepatology 2016;63:1817‐1827)
Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans—A systematic review
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Gould Rebecca L. , Coulson Mark C. , Ward Emma V. , Howard Robert J.
Published: December 2015

To systematically review the characteristics, validity and outcome measures of tasks that have been described in the literature as assessing pattern separation and pattern completion in humans. Electronic databases were searched for articles. Parameters for task validity were obtained from two reviews that described optimal task design factors to evaluate pattern separation and pattern completion processes. These were that pattern separation should be tested during an encoding task using abstract, never‐before‐seen visual stimuli, and pattern completion during a retrieval task using partial cues; parametric alteration of the degree of interference of stimuli or degradation of cues should be used to generate a corresponding gradient in behavioral output; studies should explicitly identify the specific memory domain under investigation (sensory/perceptual, temporal, spatial, affect, response, or language) and account for the contribution of other potential attributes involved in performance of the task. A systematic, qualitative assessment of validity in relation to these parameters was performed, along with a review of general validity and task outcome measures. Sixty‐two studies were included. The majority of studies investigated pattern separation and most tasks were performed on young, healthy adults. Pattern separation and pattern completion were most frequently tested during a retrieval task using familiar or recognizable visual stimuli and cues. Not all studies parametrically altered the degree of stimulus interference or cue degradation, or controlled for potential confounding factors. This review found evidence that some of the parameters for task validity have been followed in some human studies of pattern separation and pattern completion, but no study was judged to have adequately met all the parameters for task validity. The contribution of these parameters and other task design factors towards an optimal behavioral paradigm is discussed and recommendations for future research are made. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TSG attenuates LPC‐induced endothelial cells inflammatory damage through notch signaling inhibition
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liang Yuan , Song Fan , Xu Shouzhu , Nian Lun , Zhou Xuanxuan , Wang Siwang
Published: December 2015

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces inflammation in endothelial cells (ECs) but the mechanism is not fully understood. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in chronic EC inflammation, but its functions in LPC‐induced endothelial inflammatory damage and 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside's (TSG) protective effect during LPC‐induced inflammatory damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is largely unknown. We report that Notch signaling activation contributed to LPC‐induced injury in HUVECs, and that TSG protected HUVECs from LPC‐induced injury by antagonizing Notch signaling activation by LPC. γ‐secretase inhibitor (DAPT), a specific inhibitor of the Notch signaling pathway, and Notch1 siRNA were used to inhibit Notch activity. HUVECs were exposed to LPC in the presence or absence of TSG, DAPT, and Notch1 siRNA. LPC treatment of HUVECs resulted in reduced cell viability, and Notch1 and Hes1 upregulation. Either silencing of Notch1 by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT prevented the loss of cell viability, and induction of apoptosis, and enhanced expression Notch1, Hes1 and MCP‐1 by LPC in HUVECs. Similarly, TSG reduced LPC stimulation of Notch1, Hes1, and MCP‐1 expression, prevented the release of IL‐6 and CRP and rescued HUVECs from LPC‐induced cell damage. Our data indicate that the Notch signaling pathway is a crucial mediator of endothelial inflammatory damage and that TSG protects against endothelial inflammatory damage by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that targeting Notch signaling by natural products such as TSG is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation associated diseases, including atherosclerosis. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):37–50, 2016
Integrin‐specific hydrogels functionalized with VEGF for vascularization and bone regeneration of critical‐size bone defects
Authors: García José R. , Clark Amy Y. , García Andrés J.
Published: December 2015

Vascularization of bone defects is considered a crucial component to the successful regeneration of large bone defects. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been delivered to critical‐size bone defect models to augment blood vessel infiltration into the defect area, its potential to increase bone repair remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated whether integrin‐specific biomaterials modulate the effects of VEGF on bone regeneration. We engineered protease‐degradable, VEGF‐loaded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with either a triple‐helical, α2β1integrin‐specific peptide GGYGGGP(GPP)5GFOGER(GPP)5GPC (GFOGER) or an αvβ3integrin‐targeting peptide GRGDSPC (RGD). Covalent incorporation of VEGF into the PEG hydrogel allowed for protease degradation‐dependent release of the protein while maintaining VEGF bioactivity. When applied to critical‐size segmental defects in the murine radius, GFOGER‐functionalized VEGF‐free hydrogels exhibited significantly increased vascular volume and density and resulted in a larger number of thicker blood vessels compared to RGD‐functionalized VEGF‐free hydrogels. VEGF‐loaded RGD hydrogels increased vascularization compared to VEGF‐free RGD hydrogels, but the levels of vascularization for these VEGF‐containing RGD hydrogels were similar to those of VEGF‐free GFOGER hydrogels. VEGF transiently increased bone regeneration in RGD hydrogels but had no effect at later time points. In GFOGER hydrogels, VEGF did not show an effect on bone regeneration. However, VEGF‐free GFOGER hydrogels resulted in increased bone regeneration compared to VEGF‐free RGD hydrogels. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrin‐specificity in engineering constructs for vascularization and associated bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 889–900, 2016.