bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function
Authors: Tetzlaff Kay , Thomas Paul S.
Published: March 2017

The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.
The pathophysiology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Simonneau Gérald , Torbicki Adam , Dorfmüller Peter , Kim Nick
Published: March 2017

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare, progressive pulmonary vascular disease that is usually a consequence of prior acute pulmonary embolism. CTEPH usually begins with persistent obstruction of large and/or middle-sized pulmonary arteries by organised thrombi. Failure of thrombi to resolve may be related to abnormal fibrinolysis or underlying haematological or autoimmune disorders. It is now known that small-vessel abnormalities also contribute to haemodynamic compromise, functional impairment and disease progression in CTEPH. Small-vessel disease can occur in obstructed areas, possibly triggered by unresolved thrombotic material, and downstream from occlusions, possibly because of excessive collateral blood supply from high-pressure bronchial and systemic arteries. The molecular processes underlying small-vessel disease are not completely understood and further research is needed in this area. The degree of small-vessel disease has a substantial impact on the severity of CTEPH and postsurgical outcomes. Interventional and medical treatment of CTEPH should aim to restore normal flow distribution within the pulmonary vasculature, unload the right ventricle and prevent or treat small-vessel disease. It requires early, reliable identification of patients with CTEPH and use of optimal treatment modalities in expert centres.
Evaluation of the efficacy of cisplatin–etoposide and the role of thoracic radiotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation in LCNEC
Authors: Prelaj Arsela , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Del Bene Gabriella , Giròn Berrìos Julio Rodrigo , Emiliani Alessandra , De Filippis Lucilla , Prete Alessandra Anna , Pecorari Silvia , Manna Gaia , Ferrara Carla , Rossini Daniele , Longo Flavia
Published: March 2017

In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well established. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) shares several clinicopathological features with SCLC, but its optimal therapy is not defined. We evaluated clinical response and survival outcomes of advanced LCNEC treated in first-line therapy compared with SCLC.

72 patients with stage III–IV LCNEC (n=28) and extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) (n=44) received cisplatin–etoposide with/without thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).

Comparing LCNEC with SCLC, we observed similar response rates (64.2%versus59.1%), disease control rates (82.1%versus88.6%), progression-free survival (mPFS) (7.4versus6.1 months) and overall survival (mOS) (10.4versus10.9 months). TRT and PCI in both histologies showed a benefit in mOS (34versus7.8 months and 34versus8.6 months, both p=0.0001). LCNEC patients receiving TRT showed an improvement in mPFS and mOS (12.5versus5 months, p=0.02 and 28.3versus5 months, p=0.004), similarly to ES-SCLC. PCI in LCNEC showed an increase in mPFS (20.5versus6.4 months, p=0.09) and mOS (33.4versus8.6 months, p=0.05), as in ES-SCLC.

Advanced LCNEC treated with SCLC first-line therapy has a similar clinical response and survival outcomes to ES-SCLC.
cAMP: a multifaceted modulator of immune synapse assembly and T cell activation
Authors: Arumugham Vijay Bharathi , Baldari Cosima T
Published: March 2017

T Lymphocyte activation involves a substantial reorganization of the membranous and intracellular compartments. Signaling complexes assemble and dismantle in a highly ordered fashion in both compartments and orchestrate the activation of T cells with high sensitivity and specificity. TCR ligation leads to a short burst of cAMP production, which is centrally required for T cell activation; however, sustained elevations in intracellular cAMP concentrations are immunosuppressive. Emerging evidence of the existence of local cAMP pools gleaned from studies on other cell types suggests that cAMP compartmentalization may account, in part, for these opposing effects. Whereas cAMP compartmentalization has been identified as a central factor in the control of the cAMP-dependent processes in other cell types, this has, as yet, not been addressed in T lymphocytes. In this review, we discuss the role of cAMP in T cell activation and differentiation, with an emphasis on the effects mediated by the cAMP effectors, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC)1, and on the regulatory proteins that may control the generation of local cAMP pools in T cells. We also present an overview of the available tools to image cAMP production at the subcellular level and discuss how bacterial adenylate cyclase (AC) toxins that are known to generate local cAMP pools can be exploited to address the role of cAMP compartmentalization in T cell activation.
Banks as Secret Keepers
Authors: Dang Tri Vi , Gorton Gary , Holmström Bengt , Ordoñez Guillermo
Published: March 2017

Banks produce short-term debt for transactions and storing value. The value of this debt must not vary over time so agents can easily trade it at par like money. To produce money-like safe liquidity, banks keep detailed information about their loans secret, reducing liquidity if needed to prevent agents from producing costly private information about the banks' loans. Capital markets involve information revelation, so they produce risky liquidity. The trade-off between less safe liquidity and more risky liquidity determines which firms choose to fund projects through banks and which ones through capital markets. (JEL D92, E51, G21, G31, G32)
Reducing Crime and Violence: Experimental Evidence from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Liberia
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Jamison Julian C. , Sheridan Margaret
Published: March 2017

We show that a number of noncognitive skills and preferences, including patience and identity, are malleable in adults, and that investments in them reduce crime and violence. We recruited criminally engaged men and randomized one-half to eight weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy designed to foster self-regulation, patience, and a noncriminal identity and lifestyle. We also randomized $200 grants. Cash alone and therapy alone initially reduced crime and violence, but effects dissipated over time. When cash followed therapy, crime and violence decreased dramatically for at least a year. We hypothesize that cash reinforced therapy's impacts by prolonging learning-by-doing, lifestyle changes, and self-investment. (JEL D12, D83, H23, I32, K42, O15, O17)
Financing Innovation: Evidence from R&D Grants
Authors: Howell Sabrina T.
Published: March 2017

Governments regularly subsidize new ventures to spur innovation. This paper conducts the first large-sample, quasi-experimental evaluation of R&D subsidies. I use data on ranked applicants to the US Department of Energy's SBIR grant program. An early-stage award approximately doubles the probability that a firm receives subsequent venture capital and has large, positive impacts on patenting and revenue. These effects are stronger for more financially constrained firms. Certification, where the award contains information about firm quality, likely does not explain the grant effect. Instead, the grants are useful because they fund technology prototyping.(JEL D22, G24, G32, L53, O31, O34, O38)
Balanced Growth Despite Uzawa
Authors: Grossman Gene M. , Helpman Elhanan , Oberfield Ezra , Sampson Thomas
Published: March 2017

The evidence for the United States points to balanced growth despite falling investment-good prices and a less-than-unitary elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. This is inconsistent with the Uzawa Growth Theorem. We extend Uzawa's theorem to show that the introduction of human capital accumulation in the standard way does not resolve the puzzle. However, balanced growth is possible if education is endogenous and capital is more complementary with schooling than with raw labor. We present a class of aggregate production functions for which a neoclassical growth model with capital-augmenting technological progress and endogenous schooling converges to a balanced growth path. (JEL E22, E24, I26, J24, O33, O41, O47)
New drugs in psychiatry: focus on new pharmacological targets
Authors: Caraci Filippo , Leggio Gian Marco , Salomone Salvatore , Drago Filippo
Published: March 2017

The approval of psychotropic drugs with novel mechanisms of action has been rare in recent years. To address this issue, further analysis of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is essential for identifying new pharmacological targets for psychotropic medications. In this report, we detail drug candidates being examined as treatments for psychiatric disorders. Particular emphasis is placed on agents with novel mechanisms of action that are being tested as therapies for depression, schizophrenia, or Alzheimer’s disease. All of the compounds considered were recently approved for human use or are in advanced clinical trials. Drugs included here are new antipsychotic medications endowed with a preferential affinity at dopamine D3 receptor (cariprazine) or at glutamatergic or cannabinoid receptors, as well as vortioxetine, a drug approved for managing the cognitive deficits associated with major depression. New mechanistic approaches for the treatment of depression include intravenous ketamine or esketamine or intranasal esketamine. As for Alzheimer’s disease, the possible value of passive immunotherapy with agents such as aducanumab is considered to be a potential disease-modifying approach that could slow or halt the progressive decline associated with this devastating disorder.
Comparison of color discrimination in chronic heavy smokers and healthy subjects
Authors: Fernandes Thiago Monteiro de Paiva , Almeida Natalia Leandro , dos Santos Natanael Antonio
Published: March 2017

Background: Cigarette smoke is probably the most significant source of exposure to toxic chemicals for humans, involving health-damaging components, such as nicotine, hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of chronic heavy smoking on color discrimination (CD). Methods: All subjects were free of any neuropsychiatric disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. We assessed color vision for healthy heavy smokers (n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), deprived smokers (n = 15, age range 20-45 years) and healthy non-smokers (n = 15; age range, 20-45 years), using the psychophysical forced-choice method. All groups were matched for gender and education level. In this paradigm, the volunteers had to choose the pseudoisochromatic stimulus containing a test frequency at four directions (e.g., up, down, right and left) in the subtest of Cambridge Colour Test (CCT): Trivector. Results: Performance on CCT differed between groups, and the observed pattern was that smokers had lower discrimination compared to non-smokers. In addition, deprived smokers presented lower discrimination to smokers and non-smokers. Contrary to expectation, the largest differences were observed for medium and long wavelengths. Conclusions: These results suggests that cigarette smoke and chronic exposure to nicotine, or withdrawal from nicotine, affects CD. This highlights the importance of understanding the diffuse effects of nicotine either attentional bias on color vision.
Yellow fever in the Americas: the growing concern about new epidemics
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Yeimer , Patiño-Barbosa Andrés Mauricio , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: March 2017

Yellow fever (YF) is a haemorrhagic viral disease with a high case fatality rate. It is considered a reemerging infectious disease of remarkable importance. During the last outbreaks in Angola (2015-2016) and Brazil (2016-2017), many cases of YF emerged despite high YF vaccination coverage, increasing the risk of major epidemics in the Americas. Several factors, including the vast border and migratory status of Brazil, the widespread distribution of Aedes mosquitoes and the lack of efficient health policies and surveillance systems, favour this complex epidemiological scenario of reemergence. Therefore, mass vaccination of the population at risk, public health awareness and preparedness are urgently needed in this region. This article describes the current global epidemiological situation of YF, focusing especially on the Americas, as well the risk and vulnerabilities in the region that would be of concern for major expansion to other countries apart from Brazil.
An Emergent Research and Policy Framework for Telehealth
Authors: Edmunds Margo , Tuckson Reed , Lewis Joy , Atchinson Brian , Rheuban Karen , Fanberg Hank , Olinger Lois , Rosati Robert , Austein-Casnoff Cheryl , Capistrant Gary , Thomas Latoya
Published: March 2017

Context: Telehealth is a fast-growing sector in healthcare, using a variety of
technologies to exchange ­information across locations and improve access, quality, and
outcomes across the continuum of care. Thousands of studies and hundreds of systematic
reviews have been done, but their variability leaves many questions about effectiveness,
implementation priorities, and return on investment.Objectives: There is an urgent need
for a systematic, policy-relevant framework to integrate regulatory, operational, and
clinical factors and guide future investments in telehealth research and
practice.Methods: An invited multidisciplinary group of 21 experts from AcademyHealth,
the American Telemedicine Association (ATA), Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health
Policy (KP), and the Physician Insurers Association of America (PIAA) met to review and
discuss the components of a draft framework for policy-relevant telehealth research. The
framework was revised and presented in a challenge workshop at Concordium 2016, and some
additional refinements were made. The current framework encompasses the regulatory and
payment policy context for telehealth; delivery system factors; and outcomes of
telehealth interventions.Findings: Based on the feedback at Concordium 2016, the
framework seems to have potential to help educate policy-makers, payers, and health
systems about the value of telehealth and to frame discussions about implementation
barriers, including risk management concerns, technology costs, and organizational
culture. However, questions remain about how to disseminate and use the framework to
help coordinate policy, research, and implementation efforts in the delivery
system.
The Historiography of Islamic Law: The Case of Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ Literature
Authors: Maftuhin Arif
Published: March 2017

Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ (the history of sharia affairs) is a relatively new genre of Islamic historiography and very popular among students of Islamic Law. Despite its popularity, academics of Islamic historiography seem not interested in studying it. There is hardly any academic paper seriously studied the literature. This paper is a first effort to explore the Tārīkhu’t-tashrī‘ literature through a historiographical analysis. As an initial exploration, it argues that Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ is the latest development of Islamic historiography, developed in the 19th century, but it is a genre of the old Islamic historiography with some new elements. The new elements are influenced by both modern Western historiography and the need to re-open the supposedly closed gate of ijtihād. The paper studied books of Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ available during the research between 2013-2015. [Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ adalah genre yang relatif ‘baru’ dalam matarantai perkembangan historiografi Islam­. Literatur ini sangat popular dan menjadi mata kuliah wajib di fakultas-fakultas Syariah di Indonesia maupun Timur Tengah. Hanya saja, meskipun ia sangat populer sebagai mata pelajaran, Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ belum banyak menarik minat para peneliti historiografi. Makalah in berusaha mengeksplorasi literatur Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ dengan pendekatan historiografi. Makalah ini berpendapat bahwa Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘, meski terlihat ‘modern’ dari segi kelahirannya, tidak banyak berbeda dengan literatur historiografi klasik. Perbedaan terjadi karena adanya pengaruh historiografi Barat dalam model penulisannya dan karena kebutuhan untuk membuka kembali pintu ijtihad yang tertutup. Kajian dilakukan terhadap kitab-kitab Tārīkh al-Tashrī‘ yang dapat ditemukan selama riset antara 2013-2015 ]
Before the Ethical Policy: The Ottoman State, Pan-Islamism, and Modernisation in Indonesia, 1898–1901
Authors: Supratman Frial Ramadhan
Published: March 2017

By drawing on Ottoman-Turkish documents in the Prime Minister’s Ottoman Archives, this paper investigates the role of the Ottoman state and Pan-Islamic ideology on modernisation in Indonesia. The article revisits the process defining the Ethical Policy (Politik Etis) as the turning point of the emergence of modernisation in Indonesia.  In existing scholarship, the ‘Ethical Policy’ became the grand narrative in Indonesian history, meanwhile the influence of Pan-Islamism is only seen as the unsuccessful political propaganda of Abdulhamid II on the anti-colonialism movement in Indonesia. Many Indonesian and Ottoman historians view Pan-Islamism in the context of anti-colonialism fighting against the Dutch militarily in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article proposes an alternative view to this narrative which acknowledges Pan-Islamism as a modernisation step for Indonesians which was signed by the Jawi students arrival in Istanbul and shows the Hadhrami community as the agent of modernisation. In short, the article shows the Ottoman influence on the emergence of the Ethical Policy of 1901 in Indonesia.[Menggunakan dokumen-dokumen Turki Utsmani yang disimpan di Prime Minister’s Ottoman Archives, makalah ini meneliti peran imperium Utsmani dan ideologi Pan-Islam  dalam modernisasi Indonesia. Hal itu dilakukan dengan meninjau kembali proses mendefinisikan Politik Etis sebagai titik balik lahirnya modernisasi Indonesia. Dalam literatur yang ada sekarang, Politik Etis menjadi cerita utama dalam sejarah Indonesia, sementara Pan-Islamisme hanya dipandang sebagai propaganda gagal dari Abdulhamid II bagi gerakan anti kolonial di Indonesia. Kebanyakan sejarawan di Indonesia dan Turki dalam konteks perjuangan melawan penjajah Belanda. Artikel ini menawarkan narasi alternatif yang  mengakui Pan-Islamisme sebagai salah satu tahapan penting modernisasi Indonesia yang ditandai dengan datangnya para mahasiswa Jawa di Istambul dan menunjukkan peran komunitas Hadhrami sebagai agen modernisasi.]
KAJIAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SANITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (PSBM) DI KELURAHAN MANGUNHARJO, SEMARANG
Authors: Adi Ivan Kurnia , Rahdriawan Mardwi
Published: March 2017

The tendency of the existing infrastructure is not in accordance with the needs of the community because it is top down. Therefore, this study aims to assess community participation in managing community-based sanitation. Studies conducted focusing on participatory processes and the level of community participation in the provision of sanitation in the village program Mangunharjo precisely in RT 03 and 04 RW I. The method used in this research is quantitative and qualitative. The level of community participation in the management of the sanitation program has high participation category that has meaning on the degree of power-sharing community which has occurred rights, responsibilities and authority between the community and government to participate. Meanwhile, at the stage of organizing the participation category includes medium category (tokensm) in which the wishes of the people has been discussed, but the decision rests with the government. It is influenced by the role of the Village and Chairman of RT / RW is too dominant so that the public is not very enthusiastic in participating at the stage of organizing and resigned to the decision of the facilitator. Implementation of the program when viewed from the principle pelaksaaan almost matches that is about 80%, planning, implementation, and evaluation is fully in accordance with the principle only at the stage of organizing has obstacles described earlier which resulted in incompatibility in principle with the implementation of the program. That there is a relationship between the facilitator and community involvement, if the facilitator can perform their duties well as explaining the program well and excessive interference, then the public will enthusiastically participate. The Government needs to show its commitment in the implementation of the provision of community-based sanitation program (PSBM) in terms of giving people an opportunity to participate fully in sanitation management stages.
In silico and in vitro assessment on antidiabetic efficacy of secondary metabolites from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Authors: Bansode Twinkle Sunder , Gupta Amit , Salalkar B K
Published: March 2017

India ranks high for prevalence of diabetes and the treatment of diabetes without any side effects is still challenging. Though herbal remedies help reduce the side effect, proper standardization of phytochemical which prove as a bioactive compound, its proper dose and clinical trials are lacking. In our investigation, we studied the binding mechanism of the secondary metabolites of Syzygium cumini, their in vitro antidiabetic activity and the number of phytochemicals present. In silico study revealed that ellagic acid has a potential to modulate the carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme activity showing higher affinity for the enzymes with much lesser binding energy, -4.73 kcal/mol for alpha amylase, -4.87 kcal/mol for beta-glucosidase, -4.79 kcal/mol for glycogen synthase kinase, -4.18 kcal/mol for glucokinase and -4.49 kcal/mol for alpha-glucosidase. In vitro-Alpha amylase inhibitory activity assay showed that ethanol extract has the highest value of percent inhibition (73.33%) as compared to standard drug Acarbose (65.99%). Finally, TLC analysis cleared that ethanol extract contains five compounds one of which may be a bioactive compound, ellagic acid. Further purification and characterization of the ellagic acid is needed.
Harvesting Brand Information from Social Tags
Authors: Nam Hyoryung , Joshi Yogesh V. , Kannan P.K.
Published: March 2017

Social tags are user-defined keywords associated with online content that reflect consumers’ perceptions of various objects, including products and brands. This research presents a new approach for harvesting rich, qualitative information on brands from user-generated social tags. The authors first compare their proposed approach with conventional techniques such as brand concept maps and text mining. They highlight the added value of their approach that results from the unconstrained, open-ended, and synoptic nature of consumer-generated content contained within social tags. The authors then apply existing text-mining and data-reduction methods to analyze disaggregate-level social tagging data for marketing research and demonstrate how marketers can utilize the information in social tags by extracting key representative topics, monitoring common dynamic trends, and understanding heterogeneous perceptions of a brand.
Phytohormones in red seaweeds: a technical review of methods for analysis and a consideration of genomic data
Authors: Mori Izumi C. , Ikeda Yoko , Matsuura Takakazu , Hirayama Takashi , Mikami Koji
Published: March 2017

Emerging studies suggest that seaweeds contain phytohormones; however, their chemical entities, biosynthetic pathways, signal transduction mechanisms, and physiological roles are poorly understood. Until recently, it was difficult to conduct comprehensive analysis of phytohormones in seaweeds because of the interfering effects of cellular constituents on fine quantification. In this review, we discuss the details of the latest method allowing simultaneous profiling of multiple phytohormones in red seaweeds, while avoiding the effects of cellular factors. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),
The continuous synthesis of Pd supported on Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a highly effective and magnetic catalyst for CO oxidation
Authors: Elazab Hany A. , Moussa Sherif , Brinkley Kendra W. , Gupton B. Frank , El-Shall M. Samy
Published: March 2017

We report a facile approach used for the simultaneous reduction and synthesis of a well dispersed magnetically separable palladium nanoparticle supported on magnetite (Pd/Fe
New chalcones and thiopyrimidine analogues derived from mefenamic acid: microwave-assisted synthesis, anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity as antileukemic agents
Authors: Al-Hazam Hanan A. , Al-Shamkani Zeki A. , Al-Masoudi Najim A. , Saeed Bahjat A. , Pannecouque Christophe
Published: March 2017

The development of new HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors offers the possibility of generating structures of increased potency. To this end, coupling of mefenamic acid (4) with 4-amino-acetophenone (6) in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) reagents afforded 4-(acetyphenyl)-2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino)benzamide (7). Analogously, treatment of mefenamyl chloride (5) prepared from4with6under microwave irradiation (MWI) afforded7. A new series of substituted chalconyl-incorporated amide derivatives of mefenamic acid8–13were synthesized from condensation of7with various substituted benzaldehydes via the Claisen–Schmidt reaction. Treatment of8and11with thiourea in a basic medium afforded the thiopyrimidine analogues14and15, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were assayed against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. Compounds9and11showed cytotoxicity values of 2.17 and 2.06 μm, respectively, against mock-infected MT-4 cells (C type adult T leukemia cells), which considered to be promising antileukemic agents.
Oxide meets silicide – synthesis and single-crystal structure of Ca21SrSi24O2
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: March 2017

A few black, rectangular thin plates of Ca21SrSi24O2 were obtained by serendipity in a solid-state reaction of calcium metal, strontium chloride and silicon powder at 1200 K for 2 days designed to produce ‘Ca2SrCl2[Si3]’. The title compound forms next to some CaSi and some remaining educts. Ca21SrSi24O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m (no. 12) with unit cell parameters of a=1895.2(2), b=450.63(5) and c=1397.33(18) pm and β=112.008(7)° (Z=1). The title compound shows planar, eight-membered, kinked Si8 chains with Si–Si distances between 241.4 and 245.0 pm indicating bonding interactions and kinked ‘rope ladders’ connecting the chains with interatomic Si–Si distances in the range 268.1–274.7 pm. Embedded in between these silicon substructures are columns of oxygen centered, apex sharing [(Ca1−x
Sr
x
)6/2O] octahedra and calcium ions.
Transporting ideas between marine and social sciences: experiences from interdisciplinary research programs
Authors: Turner Lucy M. , Bhatta Ramachandra , Eriander Louise , Gipperth Lena , Johannesson Kerstin , Kadfak Alin , Karunasagar Iddya , Karunasagar Indrani , Knutsson Per , Laas Kristjan , Moksnes Per-Olav , Godhe Anna
Published: March 2017

The oceans comprise 70% of the surface area of our planet, contain some of the world’s richest natural resources and are one of the most significant drivers of global climate patterns. As the marine environment continues to increase in importance as both an essential resource reservoir and facilitator of global change, it is apparent that to find long-term sustainable solutions for our use of the sea and its resources and thus to engage in a sustainable blue economy, an integrated interdisciplinary approach is needed. As a result, interdisciplinary working is proliferating. We report here our experiences of forming interdisciplinary teams (marine ecologists, ecophysiologists,social scientists, environmental economists and environmental law specialists) to answer questions pertaining to the effects of anthropogenic-driven global change on the sustainability of resource use from the marine environment, and thus to transport ideas outwards from disciplinary confines. We use a framework derived from the literature on interdisciplinarity to enable us to explore processes of knowledge integration in two ongoing research projects, based on analyses of the purpose, form and degree of knowledge integration within each project. These teams were initially focused around a graduate program, explicitly designed for interdisciplinary training across the natural and social sciences, at the Gothenburg Centre for Marine Research at the University of Gothenburg, thus allowing us to reflect on our own experiences within the context of other multi-national,interdisciplinary graduate training and associated research programs.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and fertility management in agricultural species
Authors: Mossa F , Jimenez-Krassel F , Scheetz D , Weber-Nielsen M , Evans A C O , Ireland J J
Published: March 2017

A reliable, easy to assess marker for fertility in agricultural species would be highly desirable and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a promising candidate. This review summarizes recent findings concerning AMH and its role in fertility management, mainly in cattle. It focuses on (1) alterations in circulating AMH concentrations from birth to puberty and during estrous cycles; (2) correlation of circulating AMH concentrations with ovarian follicle numbers and ovarian reserve; (3) factors that impact circulating AMH concentrations; (4) use of AMH as a predictor of fertility. Circulating AMH concentrations can be easily and reliably measured with a single blood sample in adult cattle because AMH varies minimally during the estrous cycle and is repeatable across multiple cycles. Circulating AMH concentrations are positively associated with several measures of fertility. Dairy heifers with low compared with higher AMH concentrations subsequently had lower pregnancy rates, higher probability of being culled after birth of their first calf and shorter herd longevity. Also, AMH is predictive of response to superovulation in cattle and sheep. Several factors contribute to the variability in AMH concentrations among individuals; for example, beef cattle have higher AMH than dairy cattle. Nutritional imbalances, disease and endocrine disruptors during fetal life may negatively program the size of the ovarian reserve and consequently serum AMH concentrations and potential fertility in adulthood. We conclude that AMH may be a predictor of fertility and herd longevity in cattle, whereas in sheep and other farm species, the potential association between AMH and reproductive performance remains largely unexplored.

Free Italian abstract: An Italian translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/154/1/R1/suppl/DC1
Análisis espacial de varianza como alternativa de evaluación de ensayos de progenies forestales
Authors: Morales Victor , Mora Argenis , Garay Vicente , Valera Lino
Published: March 2017

El uso del diseño en bloques y la aleatorización de las diferentes progenies en cada uno de los bloques puede ser insuficiente para el control local de la variación dentro del área del ensayo. La presencia de micro-sitios dispersos influyen en el crecimiento de los individuos, incidiendo de forma importante sobre los resultados del análisis de varianza convencional. El presente trabajo propone y describe una metodología de análisis para ensayos de progenie en la investigación forestal, que compara varios procedimientos de análisis espacial de varianzas con referencia a incorporar o no el efecto de bloque y el modelado de la tendencia superficial sobre datos registrados provenientes de un ensayo de Progenies de Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S. Alverson por un periodo de 3 años de evaluación. Se estableció un protocolo de análisis que incluye diagnóstico de correlación de los residuales, modelado de la estructura de correlación-variación y un análisis de varianza espacial. Se demostró la existencia de residuales o errores experimentales que no cumplen el supuesto de independencia, requisito fundamental para realizar un análisis de la varianza basado en diseño. El modelo con mejor ajuste fue aquel que capturó la variación superficial mediante el polinómico cúbico con el modelado de los errores correlacionados (modelo geoestadístico esférico). Las pruebas de medias de progenies estimadas por el modelo espacial con tendencia polinómica arrojó un ordenamiento diferente a las pruebas de medias estimadas bajo el análisis basado en diseño en bloques.
New records of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Tocantins state, northern Brazil
Authors: Boldrini Rafael , Krolow Tiago Kütter
Published: March 2017

New records and notes on the distribution of the Ephemeroptera are presented. The genera Campylocia, Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Simothraulopsis, Tikuna, and Ulmeritoides are reported from Serra do Lajeado Environmental Protection Area, Tocantins state. With the results of the present study, the number of species known for Tocantins state has increased from two to seven.
Rediscovery of Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) (Aves, Thraupidae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Authors: Gava Just João Paulo , Colvero Ricardo Dossa , Zocche Jairo José
Published: March 2017

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater, Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) (Aves, Thraupidae), is a threatened passerine endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America. Habitat loss and illegal capture for the pet trade has reduced the geographical distribution of this species. The Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul represents the southernmost limit of this species’ range. There, S. frontalis was last recorded in 1883, and currently this species is thought to be as extirpated in this state. After 133 years, we report photographic and audiotape records of S. frontalis, made in the municipalities of Maquiné and Mampituba, Rio Grande do Sul.
First occurrence of Mesocyclops aspericornis (Daday, 1906) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in northern Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés Juan M. , Suárez-Morales Eduardo , Granados-Martínez Cristian E.
Published: March 2017

The occurrence of the Afro-Asian freshwater cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis in the Gaira River, Magdalena, northern Colombia, represents the first record in the area and expands its known distributional range in South America. The specimens examined are described and compared with available morphological data.The variability of this species is confirmed among American and Afro-Asian populations but it was observed also between two Colombian populations. This record contributes to track the advancement of this introduced species in the Americas.
Range extension of Lygophis meridionalis (Schenkel, 1901) (Reptilia: Squamata: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) to Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Castro Thiago Marcial de , Oliveira Jane C. F. de
Published: March 2017

We present the first record of Lygophis meridionalis for the state of Espírito Santo, in southeastern Brazil, and a distribution map based on indexed literature. This species of the family Dipsadidae is widely distributed in South America, although records from Brazil are only available for the states of São Paulo, Amazonas, Pará, Goiás, Tocantins, and Bahia. Our report is only the second record of L. meridionalis from the Atlantic Forest and represents a range extension of 998 km from the nearest record in this biome.
Gender Mainstreaming dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Tahun 2010-2014
Authors: Rofi’ah Ainur
Published: March 2017

This article examines the gender mainstreaming in Islamic education policy for 2010-2014 adopted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this article explores the extent of the strategic plan of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2010-2014, especially policies that are gender neutral and gender responsive policies. The author under-lines that the government needs to undertake the planning policies or programs that are more responsive to gender. One of the strategies adopted to fulfill the practical and strategic needs in this context is through Gender Mainstreaming which is implemented in relevant and signifi-cant programs. The author also asserts that Gender Mainstreaming in Islamic education is very necessary. Norms that have been frequently used as a reference for the gender policy should be reconsidered. This is to ensure that policies are drawn right on target, though—all parties must realize that—the uniform policy cannot necessarily be applied because of gender roles, however, differ both between places, time and socio-economic class.
PENYELENGGARAAN SEKOLAH INKLUSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kadir Abd.
Published: March 2017

Bahasa Indonesia:

Keragaman warga negara Indonesia merupakan kenyataan yang tidak bisa dihindari. Namun semua warga negara Indonesia mempunyai hak dan kewajiban mendapatkan pendidikan. Peserta didik normal dapat mengakses pendidikannya di sekolah reguler, sedangkan  peserta didik disable di Sekolah Luar Biasa. Tidak semua penyandang disable dapat mengakses pendidikannya secara baik di SLB, sehingga pemerintah mengupayakan pendidikan mereka di sekolah terdekat dengan tempat tinggalnya yang diprogram secara khusus dan disebut dengan sekolah inklusi. Di sekolah ini diselenggarakan berbagai macam model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka dalam belajar bersama peserta didik normal. Untuk hal tertentu mereka belajar secara khusus dengan bimbingan khusus pula. Kebersamaan mereka belajar di kelas yang sama memberikan peluang bagi satu sama lain untuk saling menjadi sumber belajar. Tetapi untuk memudahkan dalam hal penyelenggaraannya sebagian pendidikannya diserahkan kepada keluarganya yang telah dipersiapkan.

 

English:

The diversity in Indonesia is an inevitable fact. Along with that, every single Indonesian deserves education as their human right. Students with disability may pursue their education in schools for the disabled. It is the fact that the disabled -for some reasons- cannot go to the school they should be in. As a result, they sit in regular school with specific program for disabled. This school is later called the inclusive. In the school, learning activities are provided for disabled with particular treatment. This goes together with learning activities for non-disabled. For particular subjects, the disabled needs particular assistance. The situation in inclusive school provides opportunities for both the disabled and the non-disabled in learning from each other. However, some learning activities for disabled are conducted by their family under school directions.
POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF PEQUI (Caryocar brasiliense CAMB.) COLLECTED FROM THE PLANT OR AFTER NATURALLY FALLING OFF AND SUBJECTED TO SLOW AND QUICK FREEZING
Authors: OLIVEIRA MARIA NEUDES SOUSA , LOPES PAULO SÉRGIO MASCIMENTO , MERCADANTE-SIMÕES MARIA OLÍVIA , PEREIRA EDUARDO GUSMÃO , RIBEIRO LEONARDO MONTEIRO
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, moisture, soluble sugars (SSU), total reducing sugars (RSU), and non-reducing sugars (NRS) were assessed in the pulp of pequi fruits collected at three ripening stages: from the plant, from the ground after naturally falling off, and collected from the ground three days after naturally falling off. The evaluation was performed after six months of freezer storage both for fruits subjected to quick freezing (liquid nitrogen followed by freezer) and slow freezing (straight into the freezer). The variables assessed were not influenced by the freezing method. The SS, TA, and RSU contents increased with the ripening stage, suggesting that the fruits collected from the plant are still immature and have lower quality than those collected after naturally falling off. Although considered mature when they fall off, fruits consumed three days after naturally falling off have better quality.
Avaliação de um programa de vigilância ao recém-nascido de risco no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Melo Willian Augusto de , Santana Rosângela Getirana , Uchimura Taqueco Teruya
Published: March 2017

Resumo Introdução avaliar programas de saúde contribui eficazmente no planejamento e direcionamento das políticas públicas de saúde. Este estudo objetivou avaliar um Programa de Vigilância ao Recém-nascido de Risco. Método estudo transversal e analítico com dados coletados em 2009, no município de Maringá (PR). Extraíram-se informações maternas, infantis e assistenciais de uma amostra estratificada de prontuários e fichas de acompanhamento das crianças nascidas em 2008, totalizando 250 recém-nascidos de risco. Os dados foram analisados por teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. Resultados dentre os recém-nascidos de risco inseridos no programa, 37% apresentaram acompanhamento satisfatório. Verificou-se que a assistência prestada foi por demanda espontânea com acesso de priorização de risco deficiente. O baixo peso ao nascer (OR = 2,30; IC95% = 1,254,23), aliado ao número insuficiente de consultas (OR = 7,11; IC95% = 2,34-21,63), orientações (OR = 2,49; IC95% = 1,24-5,01) e pesagens (OR = 2,05; IC95% = 1,01-4,15), contribuiu para a inadequabilidade no acompanhamento das crianças de risco pelo programa. Conclusão com base nos resultados encontrados sobre a atenção à criança de risco, sugerem-se propostas de reformulação dos critérios de inclusão e estratégias que priorizam uma assistência programada e mais consonante com as preconizações do Ministério da Saúde.
Dermatite associada à incontinência: estudo de coorte em pacientes críticos
Authors: Chianca Tânia Couto Machado , Gonçales Paula Caroline , Salgado Patrícia Oliveira , Machado Beatriz de Oliveira , Amorim Gilmara Lopes , Alcoforado Carla Lúcia Goulart Constant
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Objetivos Estimar incidência, determinar fatores de risco e propor modelo de predição de risco para desenvolvimento de dermatite associada a incontinência em pacientes adultos críticos. Método Trata-se de um estudo de coorte concorrente realizado com 157 pacientes críticos. A coleta de dados foi conduzida diariamente entre fevereiro e julho de 2015 em hospital público e de ensino de Belo Horizonte, MG. Os dados foram lançados em banco de dados, submetidos a análise descritiva de sobrevida e multivariada. Resultados Obteve-se uma incidência global de 20,4%. Foram encontrados 19 fatores de risco que apresentaram associação significativa com o problema. As variáveis encontradas no modelo de predição de risco foram: sexo masculino, trauma, uso de hipnótico/sedativos, lactulona, suporte nutricional, fezes pastosas e queixa de ardência (local). Conclusão Os resultados mostraram que a dermatite é um achado clínico comum em pacientes adultos críticos e merece atenção especial para maior qualidade da assistência de enfermagem.
Slowly progressive aphasia followed by Alzheimer' s dementia: a case report
Authors: Oliveira Silmara A. V. de , Castro Maria Júlia M. de O. , Bittencourt Paulo Rogério M.
Published: March 2017

Slowly progressive aphasia has been found in 8 published cases, 2 of whom progressed over a period of years to generalized dementia. Positron emission tomography demonstrated decreased glucose metabolism in the left perisylvian region in 2 cases. We describe a patient who had slowly progressive aphasia and developed generalized Alzheimer's dementia 7 years after presentation. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of concomitant disease. Computerized tomography showed generalized atrophy more marked on the left perisylvian region late in the disease, when EEG showed generalized slowing more marked on the same area. Slowly progressive aphasia of old age should be considered a separate entity until further studies elucidate its relation to Alzheimer's dementia.
Hydrocele following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt case report
Authors: Calvário José Sena , Paolioli Neto Eliseu
Published: March 2017

The authors report the case of a two years old patient with hydrocele alter ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure.
A marinha destronada: ou a famigerada São Vicente derrotada pela Rochela paulista. A afirmação de São Paulo como cabeça de capitania (1681-1766)
Authors: Torrão Filho Amilcar
Published: March 2017

A vila de São Vicente, primeira criada na América portuguesa, foi sede da capitania de mesmo nome e, apesar de muito "famigerada noutro tempo", como diz Frei Gaspar da Madre de Deus, acaba, no século XVIII, "tão desconhecida que nem o nome primitivo conserva para memória de sua antiga existência". A primeira tentativa de mudança ocorreu em 1681, por obra do marquês de Cascais, donatário da capitania, que contou com a resistência da câmara de São Vicente. Após a restauração da capitania em 1765 o Morgado de Mateus, novo governador da capitania restaurada, transfere definitivamente o governo, a Sé, a junta de fazenda, a guarnição e a provedoria para São Paulo. A Marinha perde definitivamente o governo para o Sertão de serra acima. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a cidade de São Paulo adquiriu sua dominância em relação às demais vilas, chegando a renomear a própria capitania, colocando no esquecimento a anteriormente famigerada São Vicente.
O imaginário sobre o militar em cartões-postais franceses (1900-1918)
Authors: Stancik Marco Antonio
Published: March 2017

Após sofrer humilhante derrota na Guerra Franco-Prussiana (1870) e ter os territórios da Alsácia e da Lorena anexados pela Alemanha, a França tendeu a alimentar intenso desejo de vingança. Situado em tal contexto, o trabalho analisa representações visuais relativas à Alsácia-Lorena e aos militares franceses e alemães, conforme veiculadas por cartões-postais produzidos e circulados na França às vésperas e durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Observa-se o emprego de imagens de caráter sentimental, nacionalista e belicoso, em sintonia com o imaginário coletivo antigermânico.