bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comentario crítico del libro: La colonización del pasado: el imaginario occidental en las crónicas de Alvarado Tezozómoc, de José Pantoja Reyes
Authors: Atilano Gutiérrez José Enrique , Chávez Aguilar Elizabeth Yazmín
Published: January 2023

This paper is a critical commentary on the book by José Pantoja Reyes published in 2017 by Colofón publishing house (Mexico). In this way, what is intended is to discuss the theses, objectives and explanations that the author provides throughout his historiographical reading of the Mexicayótl and Mexicana chronicles of the indigenous historian Hernando de Alvarado Tezozómoc (1520/30 ca-1610). Specifically, we will address those issues that have to do with the weight of the western Indian discourse, the late medieval imaginary in the rhetorical writing of the second half of the sixteenth century and the contemporary interpretative horizon of the Indian chronicles.
«El rompecabezas de la política centroamericana»: la participación guatemalteca en la guerra civil de Costa Rica (1948)
Authors: Véliz Estrada Rodrigo
Published: January 2023

This article examines the role of Guatemalan president Juan José Arévalo (1945-1951) in the Costa Rican civil war in 1948. It does so by delving into his geopolitical interests and conceptions, his multinational associates, the military support to the rebels, and the regional origins and repercussions of the victory of Costa Rican rebel José Figueres. A focus on Arevalo’s actions helps understand the complex regional and global implications of the conflict, intertwining them with the long-term roots of what has been called the Central American Cold War. The article proposes that the war was a combination of the documented presence of fragments of the U.S. global Cold War agenda and the culmination of a series of regional tensions characteristic of the Central American Cold War. Using mainly new personal letters from Arévalo, complemented by Mexican and British diplomatic documents, along with other minor archives, this article is framed within a historiographical methodology that favors the interactions between Latin American countries and the long-term regional trajectories to understand the Latin American Cold War.
El proceso de erección del obispado de Aguascalientes, México (1869-1899)
Authors: Rodríguez López María Guadalupe , Gómez Serrano Jesús
Published: January 2023

This article studies the erection process of the bishopric of Aguascalientes in the last decades of the 19th century. The linking of various religious, economic, political, and social factors, in conjunction with the interests of both the lay Catholic people and ecclesiastical elites, allowed the establishment of the episcopal see of Aguascalientes within the context of the territorial reorganization and social recomposition of the Church in Mexico, promoted from the Holy See by Pope Leo XIII. The particularity of this erection lies in the small territorial extension with which it was formed and the strong opposition presented by the Archbishopric of Guadalajara, which even managed to stop the project at a certain point.
¡Agua para Xalapa! Las vicisitudes del ayuntamiento xalapeño frente al abasto de agua potable, Veracruz, México (1940-1945)
Authors: Rodríguez Gámez Mariana
Published: January 2023

The supply of drinking water during the 1940s in the state of Veracruz was a slow process that reflected local governments' slow improvement of urban infrastructure. In the case of Xalapa City, during the first five years of that decade, a series of issues related to the liquid occurred, denoting the precarious management and the attempt to improve the water infrastructure. In this sense, this article addresses the perception of the Xalapa city council regarding the project of «national modernity» through a content analysis of the municipal requests, specifically from the drinking water service to account for the council’s actions in this regard. Thus, reflecting from a local history perspective allows us to understand that urban processes are not unilateral in regional settings.
Salvador Sánchez Colín y el servicio de extensión del Estado de México: Desarrollo agrícola y revolución verde (1952-1957)
Authors: Gutiérrez Núñez Netzahualcóyotl Luis
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the organization and functioning of the first extension service in Mexico, which was established in the State of Mexico in 1952, within the government of the agronomy engineer Salvador Sánchez Colín. The research states that this institution, paramount for diffusing agricultural innovations of the so-called «green revolution», had three sources. The first one refers to one program of agricultural development built up by Sánchez between 1945 and 1951, which defined the crops-and-livestock activities that would be the target of streamlining. The second is related to previous experiences of agricultural extension in Mexico, with a particular interest in those of the National Corn Commission, which between 1949 and 1951 started projects of improved seeds and fertilizers diffusion. The third was the technical and financial support of the Mexican Agricultural Program, a project for agricultural modernization in which the Rockefeller Foundation was involved.
La conservación de la memoria histórica de los pueblos del Anáhuac en los códices prehispánicos y manuscritos pictográficos coloniales de México: Del siglo XVI al siglo XXI. De Bernardino de Sahagún a Miguel León Portilla
Authors: Solórzano Fonscea Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

This work traces the path of first and subsequent ethnographers who, throughout the centuries following the Spanish conquest, undertook a gigantic task in order to find and collect information and data, from any source available then, or later discovered on the subject of ancient cultures once inhabiting the vast territory of the Anahuac. The main purpose of these researchers was learning about, preserving and divulging the historical memory and cultural patterns of these populations. Two men stand out among those scholars: Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, and Miguel León Portilla. Sahagún, a Spanish friar, carried out research on the subject since the middle of the 16th century. He collected valuable and key information which was later translated and transcribed into Spanish language. Most of this knowledge was gathered from educated Aztecan people who helped Sahagún with this mission. Besides, Indigenous Scholars as well as first educated generation of mestizos joined to that huge task of collect its own version of their precolumbian past and their vision of the Spanish Conquest. Four centuries later, at the middle of the 20th century, Miguel León Portilla, a Mexican historian, anthropologist and philosopher, would carry on an extensive research on the past events and cultural patterns in history of ancient Anahuac territory. León Portilla had, at the time, recourse to all existing texts on the theme, and also to a large amount of old and new findings about the ancient cultures which flourished in this part of Mesoamerica. This historian would keep working on that subject until his final days in 2019. It is fair to mention that throughout four centuries long, some other early ethnohistorians provided valuable contributions to the knowledge of the history of pre-Hispanic Mexico by continuing Sahagún’s path. Among them, Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora in the 17th century, Francisco Javier Clavigero in the 18th century and Fernando Chavero in the 19th century, all of them stood out for their valuable contributions to the studies on the peoples of ancient Mexico. The article ends by underlining León Portilla’s huge contribution with a significant amount of published studies that have been essential to the divulgement of the extraordinary history and cultural achievements of the ancient civilizations from the Anahuac valley.
Pilot study evaluating the therapeutic effects of a new pre-mixed injectable product of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronic acid added to six amino acids (HY6AA +Formula) in facial skin aging
Authors: Fasola Elena , Adamczyk Kutera Edyta
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Skin aging is a complex biological phenomenon, it is the result of an intrinsic decline in cellular functions due to age and genetically programmed, added to a continuous exposure of various harmful external factors that influence its trend. Both mechanisms modify the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by acting on the quantity and composition of its proteins: type III collagen constitutes 50% of the collagen in the dermis of the neonatal skin but only 5% of the collagen in the aging adult skin, type IV collagen, an important component of the basement membrane, forms anchor plates between types of structural collagen, it decreases with age after 35 years affecting the thickness of the epithelial basement membrane significantly. Aims of the study: The Aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a new pre-mixed injectable product of not cross-linked LMW Hyaluronic Acid (50-250 KDaltons) added to a specific mixture of six amino acids ( HY6AA + Formula) to improve the signs of chrono and photo-aging of the skin of the facial area, through a simple and minimally invasive injectable procedure with fast obtaining results. Materials and methods: The open clinical pilot trial was conducted by two centres under medical control. 3,5 ml HY6AA+Formula was performed by injecting 3 times at intervals of 2 weeks each. The Visia device as well as the GAIS (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale) and VAS scale, the skin elasticity scale and the wrinkle correction scale were used for the assessment. Efficacy evaluations were performed previously to each injection treatment, performed every two week for three times, and 4 weeks after the third injection. Skin elasticity was evaluated by Pinching Test immediately after each treatment and at 4 weeks after the third injection. Conclusions: The photo analysis by Visia device proves the significant effectiveness of HY6AA + Formula. The data recorded on the skin texture improvement, dyschromia and skin elasticity are very encouraging, especially considering the minimal invasiveness of the procedure and the limited number of sessions required. The improvement of skin quality in most cases occur after the first treatment, and as the treatment protocol progresses, patients' feelings and their individual assessment of skin quality also gradually improve.
Cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninolytic enzymes: mechanism of action, optimal processing conditions and obtaining value-added compounds in plant matrices
Authors: Manuela del Rosario Gonzalez-Gonzalez , Rita Miranda Lopez
Published: January 2023

This review article has focused on the enzymatic hydrolysis (HE) of plant matrices (MV), the mechanisms of action of cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases; the optimal process conditions most used to obtain products of interest; as well as some factors that reduce catalytic activity. Based on the enzymatic mechanism, a compendium of the applications on different substrates is elaborated, with the idea of reorienting the current application of the hydrolysis of MV (biofuels) and providing an alternative for its use and obtaining compounds of added value. For example, the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity, of xylooligosaccharides and aromatic phenolic compounds from the hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.
Sen o českých březích: první anglické antologie české poezie v 19. století jako cyklické mystifikace
Authors: Jajtner Tomáš
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the nature of the interest of English authors in Slavic (and specifically Czech) culture between the end of the 18th century to 1850. This period saw the publication of two translated anthologies of Czech poetry: Bowring’s Cheskian Anthology (1832) and Wratislaw’s Lyra Czecho‑slovanská. Bohemian Poems, Ancient and Modern (1849). The structure, form of translation and the reception of both anthologies demonstrate not only the mystification nature of the ‘Czech canon’ presented in them, but also reflect the deep internal instability of the values of Czech culture in the heyday of the Czech National Revival and in the period soon after.
Breve acercamiento a la situación de la cestería en el cantón de Barva (Heredia, Costa Rica)
Authors: Barrantes Jiménez Celia
Published: January 2023

Se presentan algunos resultados de investigación sobre la vigencia de la práctica de cestería en Barva, cuyo propósito consistió en explorar los modos en que esta tradición se desarrolla en el presente, sus vínculos con el pasado del cantón y cómo se podría poner en valor la expresión frente a un posible riesgo de desaparición si se le considerara un patrimonio cultural inmaterial de este territorio. Este balance sobre el estado de la manifestación fue posible realizarlo a través de una investigación cualitativa basada en los testimonios de portadoras y portadores de la tradición, que permitió describir cómo se desarrolla la práctica en la actualidad y vislumbrar las situaciones que dificultarían su continuidad y advertir las relaciones simbólicas de esta con el contexto y la comunidad.
Democracia deliberativa y desacuerdo político: Cohen frente a Rawls
Authors: González Acuña Hernán
Published: January 2023

Este artículo aborda algunos de los principales elementos conceptuales de la democracia deliberativa, del filósofo estadounidense Joshua Cohen. El objetivo es contrastar su respuesta a la necesidad teórica de legitimación del desacuerdo político, con las limitaciones impuestas al ejercicio de la razón pública, en la concepción de la justicia como imparcialidad, de su maestro John Rawls. El ideal de una democracia deliberativa, propuesto por Cohen, encuentra en el principio de inclusión deliberativa la mutua presuposición de la autonomía pública y la autonomía privada de los ciudadanos, desembocando en un lugar políticamente legítimo para el desacuerdo, y una exigencia de radicalización del propio ideal democrático. Así, la democracia deliberativa de Cohen expresa una formulación teórica complementaria de la justicia como imparcialidad de Rawls. Metodológicamente, el artículo se desarrolla a través una contrastación entre algunos de los principales elementos teóricos y conceptuales de ambos filósofos.
Sonographic rectal enema (“hydrocolon”) for diagnosing large bowel pathologies in infancy – pictorial review to demonstrate feasibility and value
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria, Nagy Eszter , Tschauner Sebastian ,   Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria, Riccabona Michael ,   Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Published: January 2023

Bowel pathologies encompass a large diversity of diseases with commonly confusing and overlapping clinical presentations. Sonography has a leading role in diagnosing these disorders, especially in small children. However, in some cases, baseline sonography does not deliver a satisfactory result on the suspected pathology. To increase the sensitivity and specificity of the standard bowel ultrasound technique, complimentary ultrasound enema may be performed, which is also referred to as “hydrocolon” in the literature. This paper summarizes the technique of sonographic enema, as well as some bowel pathologies from our case series where sonographic enema proved to be helpful in the diagnostic work-up.
The role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in the management of renal cell carcinoma with atrial thrombus – case report
Authors:   Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw Poland, Trzciniecki Maciej Łukasz , Bursiewicz Wiktor ,   Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw Poland, Trzciniecka Monika ,   Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Mączka Krystian ,   Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, Legieć Mikołaj ,   Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, Sobieraj Jakub ,   Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, Kowal Paweł ,   Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw Poland
Published: January 2023

Renal cell carcinoma is a common disease, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common histological type. Renal cell carcinoma has a tendency to infiltrate the venous system including the inferior vena cava and the right atrium of the heart. We present the cases of two patients with renal cell carcinoma with stage IV tumor thrombus according to the Mayo classification, who underwent surgery under transesophageal echocardiography guidance. Apart from standard imaging methods used in renal cancer with tumor thrombus reaching the right atrium of the heart, we consider transesophageal echocardiography to be a very useful tool in the diagnostic work-up, patient monitoring, and selection of appropriate surgical technique.
Nyelőcsőpótlás hybrid, supercharged jejunummal
Authors: Horváth Örs Péter , Papp András , Vereczkei András , Pavlovics Gábor
Published: January 2023

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: Esetünkben nyelőcsőtumor miatt történt nyelőcső
reszekció és bal colonféllel pótlás egy korábban gyomor reszekált betegen. A
graftelhalás miatt a nekrotizált vastagbélszakaszt eltávolítottuk. Az egy év
múlva végzett rekonstrukciónál kombinált vérellátású jejunummal való pótlást
alkalmaztunk. A három egyenes ág lekötése után a Roux kacs nem volt elég hosszú,
ezért a 2. és 3. egyenes ág között az árkádot átvágva már biztonságosan felért a
nyakra. A 3. ág által ellátott terület vérellátását a mammaria interna
arteriájából biztosítottuk és a vénás elvezetést egy vena saphena szegmenttel
biztosítottuk a vena jugularis externa felé. A jejunum graft folytonossága
megmaradt. A beteg meggyógyult.

Ha a nyelőcsőpótlásra rutinszerűen használt gyomor és vastagbél anatómiai okok,
előző műtétek vagy szövődmények miatt alkalmatlanok, akkor az egyik utolsó
lehetőség a jejunummal való pótlás. A jejunum csak szabad átültetéssel vagy a
keringés megerősítésével (supercharging) alkalmas az oesophagectomia utáni
biztonságos pótlásra. A kombinált vérellátású jejunum pótlást hybrid,
supercharged módszernek neveztük el.

Summary.
Introduction: In this case report an esophageal resection due
to cancer was performed with a primary left colonic replacement, as the stomach
was resected previously. Due to graft necrosis, the necrotized section of the
colon was removed. One year later a long jejunal segment with a combined blood
supply was used for secondary reconstruction. Even after the ligation of three
straight branches, the Roux loop was not long enough to reach up to the neck,
however the division of the arcade between the 2nd and 3rd straight branches
lengthened it satisfyingly. Blood supply to the region of the farthest branch
was provided from the internal mammary artery and venous drainage was provided
by a saphenous vein graft to the external jugular vein. The continuity of the
jejunal graft was preserved. The patient recovered uneventfully.

If neither the stomach nor the colon routinely used for esophageal replacement
are available due to anatomical reasons, previous surgeries, or complications,
jejunal replacement can be the last resort. Jejunum is only suitable for safe
esophageal replacement by either free transplantation or by supercharging. The
procedure when a combined blood supply is provided for the jejunal replacement
was named the hybrid-supercharged method.
#Erasmus+ – avagy sebészeti kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció a Semmelweis Egyetem Kísérletes és Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszékén
Authors: Berner-Juhos Krisztina , Sándor József , Szabó Györgyi , Fehér Daniella , Csukás Domokos , Bocskai Krisztián , Ferencz Andrea
Published: January 2023

Összefoglaló. Az Európai Unió ciklusról ciklusra egyre több forrást
különít el kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció támogatására. A projektek keretében
megalakult munkacsoportok közreműködésével olyan innovatív megoldások
születhetnek, amelyek választ adhatnak napjaink sürgető társadalmi kérdéseire. A
Semmelweis Egyetem Városmajori Szív- és Érgyógyászati Klinika Kísérletes és
Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszéke 2014-től vesz részt az Erasmus+ program által
támogatott nemzetközi konzorciumokban, amelyek fő célja a sebészeti szakképzés
oktatás-módszertani modernizációja, illetve az IT-technológia nyújtotta
újdonságok páneurópai szintű integrálása a sebészeti rezidensképzésbe. A
közlemény röviden összefoglalja azokat a nemzetközi projekteket, amelyekben a
Tanszék az elmúlt 7 évben részt vett.

Summary. The European Union is earmarking more and more resources
each cycle to support research, development and innovation, and the projects set
up by the working groups are helping to develop innovative solutions to
reflecting societal issues of today. Since 2014, the Department of Surgical
Research and Techniques of the Cardiovascular Center at Semmelweis University
has been participating in international consortia supported by the Erasmus+
programme, which aim to modernise the teaching methodology of surgical training
and to integrate IT technology into the training of surgical residents at
pan-European level. This paper briefly summarises the international projects in
which the Department has been involved over the last 7 years.
PRENSA Caracterización morfométrica e índices zoométricos del bovino criollo mixteco de Oaxaca, México PRENSA
Authors: Severino Lendechy Víctor Hugo , López Aguirre Ricardo , Montiel Palacios Felipe , Carrasco García Apolo Adolfo , Ahuja-Aguirre Concepción , López de Buen Lorena
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar morfométricamente y estimar los índices zoométricos de toros criollo mixteco de Oaxaca, México. Se evaluaron 30 toros (2.3±0.8 años de edad y 248.8±27 kg de peso). Se determinaron 10 medidas morfométricas y con éstas se calcularon 10 índices zoométricos: cefálico, torácico, corporal, corporal lateral, de anamorfosis, pelviano, dáctilo-torácico, dáctilo-costal, pelviano transversal y pelviano longitudinal. Las medidas morfométricas mostraron rango de variación entre 7.4 % (altura a la cruz) y 29.3 % (anchura bicostal del tórax), y el coeficiente de variación promedio fue 13 %. El coeficiente de correlación general indicó 66.6 % de homogeneidad fenotípica. Hubo correlación positiva (P<0.05) entre el peso vivo y 90.9 % de variables morfométricas, siendo el perímetro torácico la variable con mayor correlación (r=0.778). Los índices obtenidos describieron a los toros criollo mixteco como un biotipo dolicocéfalo (índice cefálico 48.5±4.2) de cuerpo brevilíneo (índice corporal 79.9±7.8) y proporciones torácicas longilíneas (índice torácico 72.74±22.12, índice de anamorfosis 2.1±0.2), con aptitud para el doble propósito pero tendencia a producción de carne (índice corporal lateral 94.4±9.0, índice dáctilo-torácico 11.0±0.5, índice dáctilo-costal 46.6±12.8, índice pelviano transversal 32.1±1.6, índice pelviano longitudinal 37.9±2.4), y con volumen corporal en armonía con el desarrollo óseo (índice pelviano 84.8±4.5, índice dáctilo-torácico 11.0±0.5, índice dáctilo-costal 46.6±12.8). En conclusión, los toros criollo mixteco de Oaxaca presentan un biotipo dolicocéfalo, de cuerpo brevilíneo y proporciones torácicas longilíneas, con aptitud para el doble propósito y tendencia a producción de carne, con volumen corporal en armonía con el desarrollo óseo y proporcionalidad morfoestructural.Palabras clave: recurso zoogenético, bovinos criollos, zoometría.
O kwalifikowanej większości głosów wyższej niż wymagana dla zmiany Konstytucji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Smoleń Rafał
Published: January 2023

The 1997 Constitution of Poland provides for one, three or four instances – depending on the interpretation – for the parliamentary majority of votes higher than that required for amending that Constitution. The aim of this paper is to specify the reasons that might have guided the Constitution-makers in adopting such a gradation, and to analyse those regulations in the light of democratic axiology. Nonetheless the difficulties related to adopting decisions by the parliament result both from legal (procedural and material) and non-legal factors, majority of votes remains a basic criterion specifying the level of those difficulties, underlying the role that the minority plays in democracy. In the context of electoral process’ distortions qualified majority may also be seen as ensuring that parliamentary decisions indeed reflect the will of the voters’ majority. In a democratic state there are, however, such values that cannot be eliminated even by the highest majorities.
Konstytucyjny wyraz zasady niezależności państwa i związków wyznaniowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Borecki Paweł
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to specify and analyze the expression of the principle of independence of the state and religious associations in contemporary constitutions. This is preceded by an attempt to establish the ideological roots of the principle of independence of the above-mentioned entities. Primarily, the formal-dogmatic and legal-comparative methods were used. The historical and legal method was used as a subsidiary. The texts of all binding constitutions were analyzed in terms of the articulation of the aforementioned principle of religious relations. The principle of independence of the state and religious associations is one of the main normative directives of religious relations in contemporary Poland. It has ideological roots not only in Catholic social teaching, but also in the liberal doctrine. Since the end of the 20th century, it has found a permanent place in the constitutionalism of a number of European secular (non-religious) states and some Latin American states.
Protection of Vulnerable Groups in the Jurisprudence Constitutional Court of Lithuania
Authors:   Vilnius University Faculty of Law, Pūraitė-Andrikienė Dovilė
Published: January 2023

The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania has had major impact on strengthening democracy, the rule of law and the stability of the constitutional order in Lithuania. However, the foundation of every democratic state governed by the rule of law is respect for human rights. Moreover, it is often emphasised that the situation of the most vulnerable members of society reflects the actual level of progress and democracy in the state. Therefore, this article seeks to reveal how Constitutional Court in Lithuania have contributed to enhancing the protection of vulnerable groups.
Rights and Obligations of a Member State of an International Organization – Article 90 of the Polish Constitution
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Kubas Sabina
Published: January 2023

Article 90 of the Constitution of Poland (the constitutional law) is defined not only in the jurisprudence, but also in the doctrine, as the legal basis for the accession of a member state (including Poland) to an international organization. This participation is primarily related to membership rights, but also to obligations. Among the former, it is necessary to point out, firstly, reaping the benefits of membership in an international organization, secondly, exercising all statutory and customary membership rights, or participation in the decision-making process. On the other hand, member duties include, first of all, the performance of statutory obligations, supporting an international organization in achieving organizational goals and functions, or solidarity with the organization and its member states.
Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 11 maja 2021 r., sygn. akt III OSK 3265/21
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Wójcicka Ewa
Published: January 2023

In the commented order, the Supreme Administrative Court held that the matter of conferring the title of professor is an administrative matter. The court assumed that the conferring the title of professor is not a discretionary decision of the President, falling within the scope of his personal prerogative. The decision of the President of the Republic of Poland falls into a category “acts or actions related to public administration regarding rights or obligations under legal regulations” referred to in Art. 3 § 2 point 4 of the Act of August 30, 2002 – the Law on proceedings before administrative courts. The President of the Republic of Poland should be treated as an administrative body in a functional sense, and thereby a lack of action or excessive length of proceedings in this case can be a subject to review by an administrative court.
Weto ustawodawcze Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w praktyce politycznej
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Grądzka Ilona
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the legislative veto of the President of the Republic of Poland and his relationship with the Sejm. The study indicates the constitutional regulation concerning the presidential veto and the legislative process. The author’s intention was to show that the President’s veto may affect the fate of the act, but also the government’s policy. Such a situation takes place if the President’s veto concerns a bill submitted to the Sejm on the initiative of the Council of Ministers. The institution of the President’s legislative veto was analyzed in terms of theory and its practical functioning in political practice, as well as how the veto is used by a person holding the office of the President. In order to better illustrate the title issue, the activities of the presidents of the Republic of Poland since passed of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland have been briefly presented.
Gwarant czy arbiter? Rola Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w świetle art. 126 ust. 1 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Dąbrowski Marcin
Published: January 2023

The author of the study claims that assigning the role of an arbitrator to the President of the Republic of Poland is incorrect. It is a misleading reference to the constitutional position of the President of the Fifth French Republic, who vests much stronger power. It deprives the function of the guarantor of the continuity of power, referred to in Art. 126 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, of its content and systemic significance. The President of the Republic is not impartial and apolitical and takes part in the implementation of state policy. These features prevent him from taking a neutral position towards the participants in the conflict and from resolving it impartially. In addition, the Polish Constitution does not equip him with the appropriate competencies.
Pozycja ustrojowa Rady Legislacyjnej (Lagrådet) w Królestwie Szwecji – uwagi wstępne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistyczno- Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Przywora Bogusław , Wróbel Aleksander ,   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
Published: January 2023

In this work, the authors attempt to point out, on the one hand, the evolution of the Council on Legislation in the Kingdom of Sweden, and on the other, they will investigate the Swedish regulations concerning this body. This will be the basis for concluding remarks. In the opinion of the authors, the subject of these analyses is of significant importance in Poland in the context of searching for solutions optimizing the law-making process. It should be emphasized that in Sweden there is no centralized model of reviewing the constitutionality of the law, and common courts and other public bodies do not often use their right – under the constitution – to examine the constitutionality and legality of legal acts. Hence, in the absence of constitutional review in Polish understanding, it is essential to guarantee prior preventive control.
Legislacja dotycząca fideikomisów familijnych (ordynacji rodowych) w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Filipiak Zbigniew
Published: January 2023

The article describes the creation and content of legal regulations in the Second Polish Republic regarding a special institution, which were family fideicommissa (entails), called in Poland ordynacje rodowe – indivisible estates in the hands of aristocratic families, excluded from the general principles of inheritance, with restrictions in the field of, i.a., disposition and charging. The author proves that the legislation in this respect was influenced by the then agrarian policy and attempts to regulate the land reform. Family laws were perceived in particular as a relic of feudalism contrary to the constitutional order and a policy aimed at basing the agricultural structure on middle and small property and thus raising the social and economic status of the poor masses of Polish peasants. The author describes political postulates in this regard, successive legal acts created by the legislature and the accompanying parliamentary discussions.
Zmiany w kodeksie karnym z 2020 r. w oparciu o tzw. ustawy covidowe w świetle wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 14 lipca 2020 r., sygn. akt Kp 1/19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Kluza Jan
Published: January 2023

According to the Statute of Sejm, introducing changes to an act, which is a code, requires a special procedure, which purpose is not to make such changes too fast. Meanwhile, in a relatively short period, polish parlament made a numer of changes to the penal code as part of the enactment of laws aimed at combating the coronavirus epidemic. The scope of these changes was relatively large. They concerned important issues not only in the general part of the Penal Code, defining the principles of criminal liability, but also in the specific regulations, modifying statutory threats and introducing new types of crimes. This is particularly important due to the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal issued on July 14, 2020, which also concerned the legislative pace of the 2019 amendment to the Penal Code.
Rady młodzieżowe jako podmioty partycypacji młodzieży w społecznościach lokalnych – analiza prawna artykułu 5b ustawy o samorządzie gminnym z 8 marca 1990 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Boratyn Dominik
Published: January 2023

The article is part of a publication cycle on research on the institution of communal youth councils in local self-government communities in Poland. This publication analyzes the current legal regulations regulating the functioning of youth councils. Additionally, the legal basis for participation was presented, taking into account the provisions of the Polish Constitution as well as the act on municipal self-government. The essential part of the article is the analysis of the original wording of Art. 5b of the Act on Municipal Self-Government and the changes that have occurred in it after the amendment of April 20, 2021.
Konstytucyjność zasady jednoosobowego rozpoznawania spraw cywilnych w dobie pandemii Covid-19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Kościółek Anna
Published: January 2023

The subject of this article is the analysis of the constitutionality of the principle of hearing cases by a single judge in civil proceedings. Considerations presented in this study first of all address the issue of whether the principle of hearing cases by a single judge is consistent with minimum requirements set by the legislator of the constitutional system towards the ordinary legislator as regards shaping of the institution of the participation of the social factor in the administration of justice. The second aspect of considerations presented in this article is whether the introduction of the principle of hearing cases by a single judge in civil proceedings may be considered a violation of the right to a fair trial. The analysis of the issue in question is undoubtedly of practical importance due to significant consequences of the potential examination of a civil case in a non-constitutional composition.
Pandemic Determinants of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections in Serbia
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Podgórzańska Renata
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was a determinant of the operation of state institutions whose activity was focused on ensuring state’s capacity to exercise its functions and at the same time on efforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. These challenges were the same for all European (and non-European) countries, albeit the methods of limiting the transmission of the virus and of minimising its negative consequences varied depending on the strategy adopted. The paper focuses on an analysis of its impact on how parliamentary elections in Serbia are organized and held. The author intentionally omits circumstances that accompany regional (to the parliament of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina) and local elections held in parallel.
Zasada równości w wyborach do organów samorządów zawodów zaufania publicznego
Authors:   Politechnika Warszawska, Jaroszyński Tomasz
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the constitutional principles relating to elections to public authorities should mutatis mutandis be the benchmark for elections to the bodies of self-government of public trust professions. The principle of equality of the electoral law is of particular importance in this area. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of the Polish Constitution, the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal and the laws and internal acts regarding professional self-governments. It follows that a breach of the principle of equality in the internal acts of a professional self-government may be grounds for declaring them unlawful. Whereas, laws concerning these self-governments should enable the scrutiny of elections. The considerations lead to the conclusion that topics combining the position of professional self-governments and democratic standards of the election law can be a field of interesting research in the domain of constitutional law.
Modele ustrojowe stolicy Polski i wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny, Bidziński Mariusz
Published: January 2023

Regulations concerning the position, status and model of functioning of capitals in European countries have not been unified. Both Poland and other European Union countries use their own, autonomous solutions. It is a fact that there are a lot of similarities in this area, but nevertheless they do not have formal, legal, regulatory or directive conditions. The many similarities have historical or geopolitical roots. A number of regulations are also related to the care for the stability of legal solutions, the organizational stability of the state and international bodies and institutions. The conducted analysis allows, however, to distinguish three main organizational models, which have certain advantages, but also negative management and organizational aspects.
Czy Ronald Dworkin może być oryginalistą?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Tomza-Tulejska Anna
Published: January 2023

This study is devoted to an issue that is catching the attention of the current American constitutional debate and concerns the originalism of Ronald Dworkin. A fundamental feature of this debate is the ongoing dispute over what the correct interpretation of the US Constitution is. “Originalism”, which has hitherto been at the forefront of constitutional interpretative methods due to its numerous elaborations, has acquired such many meanings, concerning both the meaning of originalism and original meaning, that it is considered to have deprived itself of the possibility of being a unified theory. Seeking positive solutions to the problem, some American constitutionalists and legal theorists put forward the bold thesis that Dworkin, despite popular opinion, may be an originalist. His originalism, however, has a different meaning than has been presented so far. They call Dworkin’s originalism “new”, more normative, seeing in it a coherent theory of interpretation. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of American originalism as well as to briefly present the positions that prove that Dworkin can be an originalist.
O granicach interpretowania prawa według Karla Engischa Studium przypadku niemieckiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Tkaczyński Jan Wiktor , Würtenberger Thomas ,   Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg we Fryburgu Bryzgowijskim
Published: January 2023

We are probably not mistaken when we state here that one of the most heatedly debated issues in German legal doctrine remains the problem of the delimitation of the limits of judicial lawmaking (Richterrecht). In other words, and in the most succinct terms, the judge’s right to legislate. For the judicial law is, and it would be difficult not to agree with such an opinion, one of the most interesting but also controversial issues in contemporary legislation. The question as to whether a judge is merely the „mouthpiece of the law”, or whether he or she is allowed to make a creative contribution to its interpretation, cannot be regarded, even today, as not serious or merely outdated. Hence, the attempt of Karl Engisch (1899–1990), one of the most prominent German criminal law theorists of the 20th century, to answer this question can and should be seen not only in terms of casuistic demonstration, but also (and who knows if not primarily) as the evidence of a scholar who rejects seeing the judge as a kind of automaton acting according to cognitive dogmas. From the Polish perspective, this account remains convincing insofar as one takes into consideration Engisch’s rejection of National Socialist delusions in the study as well as in the application of law. An attitude which, as we know, was not typical of this milieu during the Third Reich.
Konstytucyjny wymiar ochrony praw mniejszości narodowych w Austrii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Godlewska Ewa
Published: January 2023

The article indicates such research problems as the features of the Austrian constitutional order, the history of Austrian constitutionalism and the main legal acts of a constitutional nature. The aim of the analysis was to determine: a) what is the level of protection of national minorities in Austria, resulting from the constitutional order?, b) can we speak of continuity of protection?, and c) what is the balance between legal regulations and practice? The article indicates that the level of protection of national minorities in Austria resulting from the constitutional order should be assessed as high. The minority status has been defined in a number of constitutional legal acts. We are dealing with the continuity of legal protection, and any problems do not concern strictly the law itself, but its practical application.
Ochrona dóbr osobistych naruszonych w kanonicznym procesie o nieważność małżeństwa
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II w Lublinie, Bzdyrak Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

Article demonstrate that secrecy of the canonical process and the constitutional guarantee of autonomy and state allowed to the Catholic Church do not preclude the possibility of seeking protection of personal rights breached at a state forum in the canonical process of declaring nullity of a marriage. It specifies evidence limitations that result from the provisions of canon law. Copies and transcripts from case files are not issued in the canonical proceeding. The only documents that the party has at its disposal will be a copy of the claim and the sentence. The author analyses the provisions of canon law and common law to demonstrate that the request by state organs of case files in canonical process will evidence a breach of the principle of the autonomy and independence of the Catholic Church. Furthermore, the author presents the conditions that a breach must meet in order to be considered unlawful.
Role of CD4+ T Cells in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ghanta Mohan Krishna , Nuthalapati Poojith , Merchant Neha , Chenchula Santenna , Hussain Faiz , Ak Afzal Khan , Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Published: January 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive condition that affects both the central nervous system and other body parts that are controlled by the nervous system. PD is characterized by brain dopaminergic neurons loss and, at present, there are only symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the effects of the disease. With extensive research, new insights have led to defining PD as a multi-system disorder with immune dysfunction playing a dominant part in the disease pathogenesis as well as its progression. Neuroinflammation in PD leads to neurodegeneration, which is, in turn, regulated by the peripheral adaptive immunity, with CD4+ T cells being a significant player. Patients with PD have diverse CD4+ T cell phenotypes and functional profiles. These phenotypes vary, from being proinflammatory (Th1 and Th17) to anti-inflammatory (Th2 and Tregs). This report focuses on reviewing the expression of CD4+ T cells in PD and its role in the prognosis and treatment of PD.
OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE MELT POOL DURING SELECTIVE LASER MELTING OF VIT 106 ALLOY
Authors: Gridnev Mikhail A. , Strunevich Daniil V. , Korotkov Andrey D. , Khmyrov Roman S.
Published: January 2023

Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are promising materials due to their mechanical properties. The main difficulty in obtaining products from BMG is the massive parts, since a high cooling rate is required to preserve amorphous state. The use of additive manufacturing will avoid the need to obtain massive billets by conventional methods. In addition, using selective laser melting (SLM) technology, the material is selectively fused and the cooling rate is sufficient to avoid crystallization in the material. However, despite the high cooling rates, crystal formation is possible in some processing modes. In order to avoid crystallization, it is necessary to better understand the processes occurring in the laser-processing zone. In this work, we visualize laser processing of metallic glass plates by a high-speed camera to estimate the size of the melt pool. The melting front of the melt pool is clearly observed, while it is not possible to identify the crystallization front on the video frames. Additional image processing helps to visualize the melt pool. Using a photo editor, adjacent frames are subtracted, which make it possible to determine the boundary of the melt pool by comparing frames. Using this method, we are able to estimate the location of the crystallization front, which allows us to estimate the size of the melt pool.
The variability of strength production capacities during a judo contest
Authors: Serrano-Huete Victor , Latorre-Román Pedro A. , García-Pinillos Felipe , Morcillo-Losa José A. , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Párraga-Montilla Juan A.
Published: January 2023

Background. The muscular response of athletes in a judo contest is one of the most important aspect to measure with precision. Objective. Our purpose was to obtain and analyse the variability of strength associated to muscular performance parameters during a judo contest. Methods. Thirty-five men performed five 5-minute bouts with 15 minutes of passive rest. Immediately after each bout, muscular performance parameters were tested: countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal dynamic strength capacities (mean power velocity (MPV), mean strength (MS), maximum strength (MXS), mean power (MP) and maximum power (MXP)) in upper body, dominant (DHS) and non-dominant handgrip isometric strength (NDHS). ANOVA to compare baseline test data and successive bouts was used. Results. ANOVA revealed significant differences in NDHS (p<0.001), DHS (p<0.001), CMJ (p<0.001), MPV (p<0.001), MXS (p<0.001), MP (p<0.001) and MXP (p<0.001). No significant differences in MS (p = 0.008) were found. Some significant correlations between NDHS and ΔPMX (r=0.368, p=0.050), MPV and ΔMXS (r=0.528, p=0.001) and ΔMXP (r=0.683, p<0.001), MPX and ΔMXS (r=0.528, p=0.001) and ΔMP (r=0.877, p<0.001) were found. Conclusion. Due to judo contest can be considered a high intensity exercise, it produces an amount of muscular fatigue and therefore significant loss strength that it cannot be recovery during rest-times between successive bouts. For this reason, it was a high variability in strength production capacities, which are modified during a judo contest.