bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GA/ABA Antagonism in the Physiology of Seed Germination in the Recalcitrant and Vulnerable Tree- Vateria indica L.
Authors: Gayatri G.P. , Kumar K.G. Ajith , Nair Parvathy S. , Pillai M. Somasekharan
Published: March 2021

Background: Seed recalcitrance is a major problem associated with many tropical plants, limiting their natural regeneration. Vateria indica L. is a vulnerable and endemic tree species in South-Western Ghats of India, which is also recalcitrant. ABA and gibberellins are the most important plant hormones required for seed germination. It is the balance between ABA and GA which is responsible for desiccation tolerance in orthodox seeds. Exogenous hormones pretreatment has been also reported to influence seed germination. But such studies had been sparsely done in the case of recalcitrant seeds. This study aims to find out whether GA/ABA antagonism in recalcitrant plants is operating in the same way, like that in the orthodox seeds. Methods: The effect of the exogenous pre-soaking application of phytohormones viz. GA3 and ABA individually as well as their combinations on seed germination and growth of Vateria indica L. were carried out in the present work. The seeds were collected from April to July 2018 and the experiment was designed at Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram. When different concentrations of each phytohormone were externally given to the seeds, ABA reduced the germination and growth in almost all the concentrations. But GA3 gave better results. When combinations of GA3 and ABA were used, germination was poor in the sample where ABA was more than GA3, But in samples with same concentrations of both the hormones and with more GA3 gave better results. Result: This study clearly showed that GA3 when given externally along with ABA, might have affected the endogenous ABA in this recalcitrant seed and suppressed its retarding effect. Thus ABA/GA antagonism is working out, here, in the same way as in orthodox seeds. Since the germination of recalcitrant seeds is a less investigated area, the present study will form a basis and a lot more for further such studies.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PELAKSANAAN PENGADAAN VAKSIN DALAM PENANGANAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) [A Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Vaccine Procurement in Managing the Coronavirus Disease 19 (Covid-19)]
Authors: Mufidah Lailatul , Tejomurti Kukuh
Published: March 2021

This article elaborates two legal issues related to how to implement the procurement of the Covid-19 vaccine during a pandemic and the legal responsibility for the implementation of vaccine procurement in the context of handling Covid-19. This article is a prescriptive normative legal research using the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The study results show that the implementation of procurement for handling emergencies requires a unique mechanism that is carried out through simplification of administrative processes and under Regulation Related to Procurement of Goods/Services in Emergency Management. Article 27 paragraph (2) and section (3) of the Covid-19 Handling Law, which has legal impunity that does not necessarily eliminate the procurement actors' responsibility, but the procurement actors are still subject to legal accountability based on good faith parameters and implementation under regulations legislation. State finances issued in the procurement of the Covid-19 vaccine can be given a temporary conclusion that it has been implemented effectively considering the efficacy level of the Sinovac vaccine is above the minimum percentage given by WHO, namely 65.3% of the minimum amount of 50%

Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Artikel ini meneliti dua permasalahan hukum terkait bagaimana penerapan pengadaan vaksin Covid-19 di masa pandemi dan pertanggungjawaban hukum atas pelaksanaan pengadaan vaksin yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka penanganan Covid-19. Artikel ini adalah termasuk penelitian hukum yang bersifat preskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pengadaan guna penanganan keadaan darurat membutuhkan suatu mekanisme khusus yang mana dilaksanakan melalui penyederhanaan proses administratif dan sesuai regulasi Pengadaan Barang/Jasa dalam Penanganan Keadaan Darurat. Pasal 27 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) UU Penanganan Covid-19 yang memiliki impunitas hukum yang sejatinya tidak serta-merta menghilangkan tanggung jawab para pelaku pengadaan melainkan para pelaku pengadaan tetap dikenai adanya pertanggungjawaban hukum berdasarkan parameter itikad baik dan pelaksanaan yang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Keuangan negara yang dikeluarkan dalam pengadaan vaksin Covid-19 dapat diberikan kesimpulan sementara bahwa telah dilaksanakan secara efektif, mengingat tingkat efikasi vaksin Sinovac berada di atas minimal persentase yang diberikan oleh WHO, yaitu 65,3% dari jumlah minimal 50%.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BAGI PENGUNGSI DI NEGARA NON-ANGGOTA KONVENSI STATUS PENGUNGSI 1951 [Human Rights Protection for Refugees in Non-Member Countries of the 1951 Refugee Status Convention]
Authors: Susanto Fransiska Ayulistya
Published: March 2021

Refugee problems become global problems not only for destination country but also for the transit or non-parties country on Status of Refugees Convention 1951. The problem arises when the transit or non-parties country ignore the existence of the refugees in their territory consequently, many refugees could only depend on their protection under UNHCR help. Even if, the territorial state is not the party of 1951 convention, however, they still have responsibility under another Human Rights Convention to give protection to the refugees. Therefore, how far the refugees shall be protected under the transit territory? This article will have analyzed minimum protection under Human Rights instruments and Customary International Law that could give to the refugees. Under the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Convention on The Rights of the Child and Customary International Law, the state territory shall give protection without any discrimination to the refugees, even if they are not the party of 1951 convention. Even though, the protection that refugees get from transit state slightly different than protection from state parties, however, they shall get to be protected.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Masalah pengungsi sudah menjadi permasalahan global yang tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap negara tujuan saja, namun juga pada negara transit atau negara yang bukan merupakan negara anggota Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951. Masalah timbul saat negara-negara transit atau negara non-anggota mengabaikan keberadaan pengungsi di teritori negara mereka, sehingga banyak pengungsi yang hanya menyandarkan nasibnya di tangan bantuan UNHCR. Meskipun negara teritorial bukan merupakan negara anggota Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951, namun mereka seharusnya tetap memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi. Pertanyaannya, seberapa jauh negara harus memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi? Artikel ini akan menganalisis perlindungan minimal di bawah Hak Asasi Manusia yang harus diberikan negara non-anggota kepada pengungsi yang ada di wilayahnya. Menurut Konvenan tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik, Konvenan Hak-Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya, serta Konvensi Perlindungan Anak dan juga hukum kebiasaan internasional, negara teritorial haruslah memberikan perlindungan tanpa diskriminasi kepada pengungsi, meskipun negara teritorial tidak menjadi para pihak dari Konvensi Status Pengungsi 1951. Meskipun perlindungan yang diberikan kepada pengungsi oleh negara transit sedikit berbeda jika dibandingkan perlindungan dari negara anggota konvensi, mereka tetap harus mendapatkan perlindungan.
Gender related topics in the European parliament election campaigns of the Italian populist parties in 2019: ideas reflection in the media and social network
Authors: Berezkina Elena Yu.
Published: March 2021

The author studies how gender related topics are presented in the Italian populist parties and the populist political leader’s discourse. Based on the qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the texts of the representatives of political parties in the media and their posts on their Facebook page, as well as the texts of political programs of political parties that participated in the elections to the European Parliament in 2019, the main gender themes of contemporary Italian society are highlighted. The second part of the paper is devoted the analysis of women representation in the parties’ election lists for the European Parliament elections. The aim of the paper is to identify how gender topics are reflected in the speeches of politicians and political programs of the parties, to determine the relevance of this topic. The empirical basis of the study are the text units (comments, articles, posts in the social media), and the texts of political programs of Italian populist political parties. According to the article gender topics are usually integrated in the themes of economy development and financial support for different groups of the population. However, the gender related themes are not dominant in the discourse of Italian populists. The established populist parties cover gender issues much less than parties-newcomers. The reason of presence of women in the lists of candidates mainly is a legal requirement, but not a public need. The research results can be used as an auxiliary material in the study of the key peculiarities of Italian populism.
Leprosy Patients Behavior In The Working Area of Puskesmas Umbulsari, Jember Regency
Authors: Nabilla Nabilla , Nurmaida Eny , Utami Sri
Published: March 2021

East Java is the province with the highest prevalence of leprosy in Indonesia in 2018. Jember Regency has the third highest prevalence of leprosy and Umbulsari sub-district is the district with the highest cases. Knowledge, attitudes and practices are the three domains that determine human behavior. This study aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practice of patients of leprosy. This research is a descriptive study conducted at Puskesmas Umbulsari in November 2019. The population and sample of this study were all leprosy patients who lived in the working area of ​​Puskesmas Umbulsari from January 2018-October 2019 and who were still in treatment with a total of 14 people. The data obtained are primary data from interview using a door to door questionnaire and secondary data from the Puskesmas register book. The analyzed data are displayed in tables and narrative form. Based on the results of research on 14 respondents, it was found that the distribution of diseases by sex was the same, mostly occur to people aged 41-50 years, 79% of patients’ education was elementary school, and 50% occurred in patients who work as farmers. The results and conclusions of the behavior of leprosy patients in this study from the aspect of respondents' knowledge about leprosy are mostly good (64.3%), the respondents' attitude towards leprosy are also good (100%), and the respondents' practice towards leprosy are mostly good (50%).

Keyword : attitude, knowledge, leprosy, practice.
Description of Leukocytes Differential Count in Coffee Plantation Workers Silo Subdistrict that Infected by Soil-transmitted Helminths
Authors: Cahyani Desi Dwi , Armiyanti Yunita , Komariyah Cicih , Hermansyah Bagus , Nurdian Yudha
Published: March 2021

Helminthiasis caused by soil transmitted helminths (STH) are still a serious health problem in the world and in Indonesia. Indonesia has a prevalence that varies between 2.5%-62%. This infection can cause blood disorders such as leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and changes in hemoglobin levels. The purpose of this study was to describe the leukocyte count of coffee plantation workers that infected by STH. This research was an observational descriptive study, using a cross sectional design and was conducted at the coffee plantation in Silo subdistrict. Stool examination was conducted by the concentration method (sedimentation and flotation) to determine the presence of STH infection, while for leukocyte count, we used the differential count method. The results of examination on 101 feces samples showed 26.7% (27/101) of workers were positively infected with STH, with details of the STH type of hookworm by 92.6% (25/27), and the remaining were double infections by Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm as much as 7.4 % (2/27). Examination of leukocyte count showed, 17 workers with hookworm infection had abnormal leukocyte count i.e eosinophilia and neutrophilia, while 8 workers were normal. All workers with double infection (2 workers) had abnormal leukocyte count i.e eosinophilia and neutrophilia. These results can be influenced by the chronicity of the infection or the intensity of the infection.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, sodium, re-use hemodialyzer
The Effectiveness of Vitamin D Addition to Decreasing Blood Glucose Levels of Hyperglycemic Mice Model with Glimepirid Therapy
Authors: Aristiana Tsintani Nur , Abrori Cholis , Shodikin Muhammad Ali
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Low 25-hydrocyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) levels are usually found in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of fasting blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice model with glimepirid single therapy, hyperglycemic mice model with vitamin D, and mice model of hyperglycemic with glimepirid therapy plus vitamin D. This study used the true experimental research design with the randomized posttest only control group design. There were 25 male mice (Mus musculus) strain Balb/C with 20-30 g body weight and 2-3 months old which were grouped into 5 groups. The negative control group (K1) was injected with placebo and the positive control group (K2) was injected with STZ 150 mg/kgBW i.p. Groups P1, P2, and P3 were given STZ injection of 150 mg/kgBW i.p and given glimepirid 0.26 mg/kgBW; vitamin D 6,5 ml/kgBW; glimepirid 0,26 mg/kgBW with vitamin D supplementation 6,5 ml/kgBW. The results of the Tukey post hoc tests obtained differences in the mean of delta KGD between groups P1 and K2 = 122,55; in group P2 with K2 = 81,60; and in group P3 with K2 = 74,40. From these data, it can be concluded that in the group given glimepirid plus vitamin D there was no additional effectiveness in decreasing fasting blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic mice model compared to the group given only glimepirid therapy and the group given vitamin D alone.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, vitamin D, glimepiride, streptozotocin.
Evaluation of CD4 Number In HIV / AIDS Patients Who Are Running The Antiretrovial Treatment Program
Authors: Nurmawati Thatit , Sari Yeni Kartika , Hidayat Aprilia Putri
Published: March 2021

HIV is a health problem for Indonesia and the world. Enforcement of diagnoses and control efforts  continue to be made to reduce the number of HIV / AIDS cases. ARVs are becoming efforts to cure HIV by increasing CD4 cell counts. CD4 cell count is a determinant of ARV therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CD4 cell counts in people with HIV / AIDS who were implementing ARV programs. The study design was observational using secondary data in the form of medical record records. The study population was HIV sufferers who registered to run an HIV / AIDS antiretrovial treatment program at the Cendana Poly Ngudi Waluyo Regional Hospital in Blitar in June 2017. Samples in the study were 30 people according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sampling technique using a purposive sampling method. Research instruments using questionnaires. Data analysis uses descriptive method. The results showed that this CD4 cell count had a CD4 cell count of 200 cells / mm 3 by 10%, 200-499 by 90% in patients who were on ARV programs. The patient's condition and obata resistance result in a CD4 cell count not exceeding 500 mm / cell.

Key words: amount CD4, ARV , patient HIV
Subacute Stent Thrombosis: Case Series Analysis
Authors: Suryono Suryono
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Perkembangan penanganan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) mengalami kemajuan pesat. Pada era percutaneus coronary intervention (PCI) mortalitas dan morbiditas PJK menurun dengan penempatan stent pada area stenosis. Namun, manajemen ini masih menyisakan masalah baru berupa stent trombosis (ST) akut sekitar 0,5-2,2% dari total kasus dengan mortalitas 45%. Beberapa faktor seperti prosedur intervensi, pasien dan karakteristik lesi serta resistensi platelet menjadi pemicu kejadian ST. Kemajuan industri stent, perkembangan prosedur intervensi, dan preparasi pasien dapat menekan kejadian ST, namun resistensi antiplatelet sebagai pemicu ST pada masing-masing individu belum dapat diprediksi.
Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom
Authors: Intansari Adinningtyas , Munawir Al , Indreswari Laksmi
Published: March 2021

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro.

Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage
The Effectiveness of Vitamin C Addition to Blood Glucose Levels of Hyperglycemic Mice with Glimepiride Treatment
Authors: Fitri Indi Kamilia , Abrori Cholis , Dharmawan Dion Krismashogi
Published: March 2021

In people with diabetes mellitus (DM) there is a decrease in basal vitamin C levels which is thought to be a result of oxidative stress in the condition of hyperglycemia that it needs to increase vitamin C as an antioxidant. Hyperglycemia in DM needs to be lowered by pharmacological therapy, named glimepirid so the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of vitamin C addition to the reduction of KGD hyperglycemic mice with glimepirid treatment. This study is true experimental with a sample of 25 mice 20-30 grams and divided into five groups, first the control group (K0); STZ  induction group (K1); STZ induction group with glimepirid treatment (K2); STZ induction group with the treatment of vitamin C (K3); STZ induction group by treatment of a combination of glimepirid and vitamin C (K4). STZ is injected intraperitonially 150 mg / kgBB. All groups were measured for KGD 1 after induction of STZ and KGD 2 after treatment for fourteen days. The results of the STZ induction group with the treatment of a combination of glimepirid and vitamin C (K4) experienced a smaller and not significant decrease in BSL in the STZ induction group with a single glimepirid (K2) treatment. These results are thought to have an influence from interactions between drugs that cause one drug to not work optimally. The conclusion of this study is that administration of glimepirid, vitamin C, or both can reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice with the greatest decrease occurring in the glimepirid group.
Efficacy and Safety of Transcatheter Ventricular Septal Defect Closure Using Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil in Short-term Observation
Authors: Dewi Saraswati , Rahman Mahrus Abdur , Utamayasa I Ketut Alit , Hidayat Taufiq
Published: March 2021

Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil, an alternative device for closing VSD transcatheter, started to be used in dr. Soetomo Hosptal in 2017, but no research has been done on the results of closure with this device. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil. Descriptive observational method was used. The results are as follow:  Of the 17 patients who underwent transcatheter closure during January to December 2018, 10 (58, 8%) cases were closed with Nit- Occlud Le VSD coil. The success of implantation is 100%, 8 cases were closed with Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil, 2 plus an amplatzer (ADO 1 and AVSO). Type of VSD: perimembranaous 7 (70%), subaortic 2 (20%) and mid muscularis 1 (10%). Immediate complete closure in 7/10 (70%), while 3 (30%) obtained residual DSV. The closure rate at the first month of follow up becomes 80%. Median length of post-catheterization was 2 days (2 - 3 days). Complications: 1 (10%) mild aortic regurgitation, 1 (10%) hemolysis and 2 (20%) with additional second device (ADO 1 and AVSO): first case: moderate residual VSD and severe aortic regurgitation; second case: severe tricuspid regurgitation and residual VSD that disappeared in first month. The residual VSD altered from 30% to 10%, and closure rate was 80% at the first month of observation. VSD closure with Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil provides good efficacy and safety for patients.

Keywords: VSD, Nit-Occlud Le VSD coil.
Analisis Kesiapan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Menerapkan PP Nomor 12 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah
Authors: Basri Yesi Mutia
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the readiness of the Kampar Regency Government in implementing PP No. 12 of 2019. The population in this study is all SKPD in the Kampar district, amounting to 48 SKPD. The sampling technique using saturated sampling method. A total of 112 respondents participated in the research consisting of Budget User Proxy, Technical Implementation Officials of Activities, Head of Finance Subdivision, and Financial Staff Staff. The data collection technique is carried out by using questionnaires which is sent directly to the respondent. The results of the analysis using multiple regressions show Human Resource Competence, Utilization and Use of Technology and Information, Leadership Style affects Readiness in Implementation of Government Regulation No.12 of 2019. The results of this study have contributed to the government in preparing for the implementation of regulatory changes.
KESEJAHTERAAN USTADZ DARI PRESPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Abidin Sandi Tricahyo , Faizah Siti Inayatul
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesejahteraan guru atau ustadz di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syari'ah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ustadz yang bekerja sebagai guru di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas sudah sejahtera, karena indikator-indikator dalam maqasid syariah seperti agama, jiwa, budi, keturunan, dan kekayaan sudah terpenuhi. Syukur adalah kunci bagi para ustadz yang bekerja di pondok pesantren Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas. Kesejahteraan yang diberikan pondok kepada ustadz sudah sangat mencukupi yaitu dengan memberikan bantuan kepada ustadz meskipun pondok Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas juga memiliki keterbatasan dalam berbagai hal, namun selalu berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk mencapai kesejahteraan para ustadz.Kata Kunci: Kesejahteraan Islam, Pondok Pesantren, Maqashid Syariah. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the welfare of teachers or ustadz at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school in the perspective of maqashid syari'ah. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach using the case study method. The results of this study indicate that the ustadz who works as a teacher at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school has been prosperous, because the indicators in the maqasid of sharia such as religion, soul, mind, descent and wealth have been fulfilled. Gratitude is the key for the ustadz who work at the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas Islamic boarding school. The welfare provided by the lodge to the ustadz has been very sufficient, namely by providing assistance to the ustadz even though the Assalafiy Al-Ikhlas cottage also has limitations in various ways, but always tries its best to achieve the welfare of the ustadz.Keywords: Islamic Welfare, Pondok Pesantren, Maqashid Syariah.
An Electrochemical System for Forming Periodic Precipitation Bands of Cu-Fe-Based Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Hayashi Hisashi , Suzuki Tomoko
Published: March 2021

We propose a novel electrochemical system to form precipitation patterns of Cu-Fe-based Prussian blue analogues (Cu-Fe PBA) in agarose gels, using an applied voltage to produce reactant ions. The spatiotemporal evolution, spatial distribution, and crystallite morphologies of the precipitates were investigated by visual inspection, Fe Kα intensity distribution measurements, and optical and scanning electron microscope observations. The precipitation patterns and their evolution depended on the applied voltage. Multicolored periodic precipitation bands were stochastically formed under cyclic alternating voltage (4 V for 1 h and then 1 V for 4 h per cycle). The distances between adjacent bands were randomly distributed (0.30 ± 0.25 mm). The sizes and shapes of the crystallites generated in the gel were position-dependent. Almost cubic but fairly irregular crystallites (0.1–0.8 μm) were formed in the periodic bands, whereas definitely cube-shaped crystallites (1–3 μm) appeared close to the anode. These cube-like reddish-brown crystallites were assigned to Cu-FeII PBA. In some periodic bands, plate-like blue crystallites (assigned to Cu(OH)2) were also present. Future issues for applications of the observed periodic banding were discussed.
Selection for Growth Traits on M1V1 Generation of Raja Bulu Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Obtained by Gamma Rays Irradiation
Authors: Nandariyah Nandariyah , Yuniastuti Endang , Sukaya Sukaya , Yudhita Sonia Ika
Published: March 2021

Raja Bulu is one of the banana varieties favored by the community because of its thick fruit flesh and sweet taste. However, its parthenocarpic characteristic and vegetative propagation make this banana variety has limited genetic variation. Attempt to improve the genetic variation was conducted through induced mutation breeding using gamma-ray mutagens. This research aimed to select M1V1 generation of Raja Bulu banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) obtained by gamma rays’ irradiation for their growth traits which are expected to produce banana varieties that have an early maturity and high yield. This study used a randomized complete block design without replication by observing the generative growth of each individual of Raja Bulu banana irradiated by gamma rays and without radiation as a control. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation treatment caused Raja Bulu banana to be harvested earlier and produced higher fruit weight than controls. The gamma-ray irradiation had a random influence on Raja Bulu bananas. The 10 Gy gamma-ray irradiation dosage influenced the morphological diversity in the generative phase of Raja Bulu banana. The treatment of gamma irradiation resulted in 5 individual plants that flowered and matured earlier as compared to controls.
Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics of Manyung (Arius thalassinus) Kekian High Fiber with the Addition of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed
Authors: Widiyanti Meisya Asri , Purnamayati Lukita , Romadhon Romadhon
Published: March 2021

Kekian is a processed product from fish meat added with seasoning, fillers and binders then formed and wrapped with tofu skin. Kekian has a low dietary fiber so that the addition of seaweed porridge can be used to increase the content of dietary fiber in kekian. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding different seaweed porridge (Eucheuma cottonii) to characteristics of manyung (Arius thalassinus) kekian and determine the best seaweed porridge to the best kekian fish characteristics. The research method used was experimental laboratories using a completely randomized design of one factor is concentration of the addition of porridge (0%, 20%, 30% and 40%) with 3 replications. Sensory value data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, while tests of dietary fiber, air content, protein content, water holding capacity and gel strength were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the difference in the addition of seaweed porridge had a significant effect (P <0.05) on sensory values, dietary fiber, water content, protein content, water holding capacity and gel strength. Manyung kekian with the addition of E. cottonii porridge 20% is the best product with quality criteria: sensory of 7.61 <µ <7.86, dietary fiber of 6.03%, water content of 69.31%, protein content by 11.49%, Water Holding Capacity by 39.69% and gel strength by 773.82 kgf.
A Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Monoculture and Multiple Cropping Patterns: The Case of Cassava Farming in Ende, Indonesia
Authors: Lanamana Willybrordus , Supardi Philipus Nerius
Published: March 2021

Nuabosi cassava is an alternative carbohydrate source for the community, which is expected to be a substitute for rice. This commodity has the potential to be developed, but is limited in resources, so it requires technological breakthroughs. This study aims at analyzing the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency between the cassava cropping pattern and the factors that affect the efficiency. The research was conducted in Randotonda Village, from November 2019 to January 2020 and the samples consisted of 61 monoculture farmers and 46 multiple cropping farmers. Data analysis was performed using the Cobb-Douglass stochastic frontier production function. The allocative and economic efficiency was examined with the stochastic frontier cost function approach. The results of stochastic frontier estimation show that all variables have a positive effect on the production variable. The variables having a positive effect on the total cost include the price of cassava cuttings, the price of fertilizer, production and the dummy cropping pattern. The average level of economic efficiency of monoculture farmers is lower than that of multiple cropping farmers. Factors that affect economic efficiency are age, length of time to cultivate, frequency of obtaining information, dummy of farmer group membership and dummy of cropping patterns. In short, the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of monoculture farmers is lower than that of multiple cropping farmers. Farmers are expected to pay attention to the types of plants that are suitable in implementing the multiple cropping pattern.
Innovation Characteristics and Adoption Opportunity of Bujangseta Technology for Tangerine Farming
Authors: Zamzami Lizia , Sugiyatno Agus , Harwanto Harwanto
Published: March 2021

Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) has generated a technology of Bujangseta (bearing fruits throughout the year) to increase citrus plant productivity and to support the sustainable availability of citrus fruits in the market. This study aims to identify the characteristics of Bujangseta technological innovation that might influence the adoption of the technology by farmers. The study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency in November 2019 by using a census method to all 16 cooperator farmers of Bujangseta technology. This present study applied a descriptive analysis method based on the scoring and category of technological innovation characteristics. The results showed that the innovation characteristics of Bujangseta technology were: 1) it was very profitable since tangerine farming with the application of Bujangseta technology generated higher income than that without the application, 2) it was greatly appropriate with the local conditions as all production supplies were locally available, 3) it was easy to be applied because farmers did not suffer any complication to employ Bujangseta practice, 4) it was easily observed since the results of Bujangseta implementation were easy to be observed visually by farmers and 5) it was easily trial-tested as the method of Bujangseta was easy to try and apply. Therefore, this new technology had a very high adoption opportunity rate, showing that the technology had a great chance of being adopted by farmers.
Improving Soya Bean Productivity for Poverty Alleviation and Food Security in Upper West Region of Ghana: A Resource Use Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Asodina Francis Akabo , Adams Faizal , Nimoh Fred , Wongnaa Camillus Abawiera , Aidoo Robert , Ohene-Yankyera Kwasi
Published: March 2021

Soya bean is an important economic crop for smallholder farming systems in Upper West Region of Ghana. In spite of the introduction of modern and improved soya bean production technologies in Ghana, the productivity of the crop in the region is still low. Given that inefficient use of resources is a potential course of low yields, this study analyses the resource use efficiency of soya bean production. Using cross-sectional data collected from 271 soya bean farmers from the Upper West Region of Ghana, the study employed the Stochastic Frontier Translog Production Function as well as the ratio of Marginal Value Product to Marginal Factor Cost to understand the resource use efficiency of soya bean farmers in the region. The empirical results showed that the estimated coefficients of soya bean seeds, labor and farm size were significant and positively related to soya bean output even though fertilizer input was surprisingly significantly and negatively related to the output of soya bean. Also, resources employed in soya bean production were found not to be efficiently utilized as they were underutilized, indicating that yield and profit could be improved with optimal use of production inputs. Finally, the paper revealed that access to soya bean threshers is the most important constraint faced by farmers in the region. For the region’s soya bean yield to be improved, government and development organizations should assist soya bean farmers by removing major bottlenecks to acquisition of resources required for the production and postharvest handling of the crop.
PENGARUH PERKUATAN SHEAR KEY TERHADAP ANGKA KEAMANAN DAN PENURUNAN MAKSIMUM PADA TIMBUNAN DI ATAS TANAH LUNAK
Authors: Kurniawan M. Indra Aji , Setiawan Bambang , Djarwanti Noegroho
Published: March 2021

Timbunan yang terletak di atas tanah lunak dapat menimbulkan permasalahan yaitu nilai penurunan yang terjadi sangat besar sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya nilai angka keamanan timbunan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan perkuatan shear key. Penelitian ini membagi kedalam 2 tipe pemasangan, yaitu arah luar dan dalam timbunan dengan kemiringan lereng timbunan 1:2.  Variasi model yang digunakan dengan dimensi kedalaman (H) 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m dan lebar bawah (L) 1m, 2m dan 3m. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan shear key yang ditinjau dari angka keamanan dan penurunan maksimum dengan bantuan metode elemen hinga (MEH). Hasil pemograman didapatkan bahwa nilai angka keamanan maksimum yang terjadi pada arah luar sebesar 1,419  dimana mengalami kenaikkan 11,88% sedangkan penurunan maksimum yang terjadi mencapai 0,353 m. Angka keamanan maksimum pada pemasangan arah dalam sebesar 1,313 dengan prosentase kenaikkan 3,54%, dimana penurunan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 0,409 m. Pemasangan arah luar timbunan menjadi pemasangan perkuatan paling efektif dengan dimensi optimum terdapat pada variasi (H) 4m dan (L) 3m. Perkuatan shear key dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif cara untuk meningkatkan stabilitas timbunan di atas tanah lunak.
ANALISIS DAKTILITAS TEXTILE REINFORCED CONCRETE (TRC) DENGAN PERKUATAN SERAT CANTULA (AGAVE CANTULA ROXB)
Authors: Kristiawan Stefanus Adi , Purwanto Edy , Fathurahman Irfan
Published: March 2021

Beton merupakan salah satu bahan konstruksi yang paling umum digunakan saat ini. Beton memiliki beberapa kerugian seperti kuat tarik yang rendah, perawatan beton segar yang cukup sulit dan bersifat getas. Sifat getas pada beton inilah yang harus ditanggulangi dengan penambahan tulangan untuk memberikan kekuatan dan daktilitas yang diperlukan beton untuk menopang beban struktur dan salah satu jalan keluarnya adalah menggunakan TRC. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) adalah beton yang mengganti tulangan dengan suatu serat, serat yang digunakan adalah serat alami. Kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh serat cantula itu sendiri diantaranya yaitu harga murah, dapat diuraikan oleh alam, mudah di dapat (producible), kuat, ringan dan kemampuan mekanik yang tinggi (Kurniawan Indra P, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo, 2015). TRC diaplikasikan sebagai confinement concrete pada silinder beton untuk mengetahui pengaruh anyaman serat cantula dengan berbagai variasi pada kuat tekan beton. Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) pada penelitian ini terdiri dari matriks berupa silinder beton dengan dimensi diameter dan tinggi sebesar 75 mm dan 150 mm. Reinforcement berupa anyaman serat cantula yang direkatkan dengan Polymer Modified Mortar kemudian dikekangkan pada beton. Anyaman serat cantula memiliki variasi arah penulangan aksial sesuai dengan dimensi 10 mm x 10 mm, 10 mm x 15 mm, 10 mm x 20 mm, 15 mm x 10 mm, 20 mm x 10 mm. Variasi anyaman tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai daktilitas dan serapan energi dalam hal ini toughness. Pengujian pada TRC dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Hasil penelitian penggunaan serat cantula yang dianyam untuk perkuatan meningkatkan nilai daktilitas dari beton normal. Peningkatan nilai daktilitas dalam % dari nilai terendah berturut-turut: TRC-100, TRC-150, TRC-002, TRC-200 dan TRC-051 adalah berturut-turut: 26,79%; 30%; 30,42%; 31,09% dan 37,06%. Nilai Toughness mengalami peningkatan dalam % dari nilai terendah berturut-turut: TRC-002, TRC-100, TRC-051, TRC-200 dan TRC-150 adalah berturut-turut: 24,1%; 28,7%; 39,2%; 40,2% dan 41,1%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengekangan anyaman serat cantula memberi pengaruh yang cukup signifikan membuat beton lebih daktail dan persebaran energinya meningkat.
MANAJEMEN STRATEGI KONSULTAN PERENCANA DI BIDANG SDM DALAM MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (Studi Kasus Konsultan Kelas Menengah Di Wilayah Surakarta dan sekitarnya)
Authors: Trisnandar Ricky Miswan , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Purwanto Edy Purwanto
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan dunia bisnis saat ini berlangsung sangat cepat dan membuat pihak- pihak yang terlibat didalamnya harus bekerja keras, terlebih sekarang Indonesia telah memasuki era baru dimana sekarang sudah menjadi bagian dari Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA, tahun 2016) sehingga persaingan tak hanya di lokal tetapi sudah bersaing dengan perusahaan luar negeri yang masuk ke Indonesia. Bidang kontruksi pun tak luput dari hal tersebut sehingga harus berbenah sehingga dapat bersaing dalam hal teknologi maupun tenaga kerja. Dengan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia yang cukup banyak di Indonesia, maka aspek SDM merupakan salah satu bagian yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menghadapi MEA. Karena hal tersebut diperlukanlah strategi untuk menyiapkan SDM yang mampu bersaing dalam menghadapi MEA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor strategis perusahaan, pengembangan alternatif-alternatif stratrgi, dan perumusan strategi Dibidang SDM untuk menentukan pilihan-pilihan alternatif strategi secara cepat dan handal dalam analisi SWOT pada konsultan golongan menengah di wilayah Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis SWOT dengan mengevaluasi strengths, weaknesses, threats dan opportunieses dari data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada konsultan kelas menengah di wilayah Surakarta untuk merumuskan strategi yang tepat dibidang SDM. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat strategi yang paling tepat yaitu memperbaiki Alternatif strategi yang paling menarik dan tepat untuk konsultan kelas menengah adalah Horizontal Integration dengan jalan Meningkatkan komunikasi yang efektif dalam perusahaan dengan jalan meningkatkan sistem kepemimpian yang mampu untuk menciptkan lingkungan dan iklim kerja yang sehat. Serta membuat lingkungan iklim kerja yang memacu pekerja untuk lebih disiplin dalam bekerja.
Metformin Use Is Associated with Fewer Complications in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wilson Jacob M. , Farley Kevin X. , Broida Samuel E. , Bradbury Thomas L. , Guild George N.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the incidence of type-2 diabetes is increasing. Metformin is considered first-line therapy for type-2 diabetes and has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality and to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The impact of metformin use as it relates to outcomes following TKA is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate this relationship.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study using the Truven MarketScan database. Adult patients undergoing unilateral, primary TKA were identified. We included only patients with a preoperative diagnosis of type-2 diabetes and established 2 cohorts based on metformin status. Propensity score matching was performed to match patients who used metformin to those who did not (1-to-1). Patients were matched on factors including age, sex, insulin status, other diabetic medications, comorbidities, complexity of diabetes, and smoking status. Regression analysis was then performed on matched cohorts to examine 90-day outcomes. A subgroup analysis was performed on 1-year revision rates.

Results:

After matching, there were 32,186 patients in both the metformin group and the no-metformin group, resulting in a total of 64,372 included patients. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Regression analysis, performed on matched cohorts, demonstrated that the no-metformin group had increased odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.15]; p < 0.001), emergency department presentation (OR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14]; p < 0.001), extended length of stay (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.15]; p < 0.001), periprosthetic joint infection (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.13 to 1.50]; p < 0.001), deep vein thrombosis (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.26]; p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.33]; p < 0.001), hypoglycemic events (OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.54]; p = 0.039), and 1-year revision (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33]; p = 0.033).

Conclusions:

Metformin use in patients with type-2 diabetes undergoing TKA appears to be associated with lower odds of multiple complications and resource utilization parameters, including periprosthetic joint infection and 1-year revision rates. Given the frequency with which TKA is performed in patients with type-2 diabetes, this knowledge has the potential to improve optimization protocols and outcomes in this group of patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MS Paris, Bibliothèque des Missions étrangères 1069: The French-Arabic Dictionary of François Pétis de la Croix (1653-1713)?
Authors: Brentjes Sonja
Published: March 2021

This paper analyses an anonymous French-Arabic dictionary preserved in Paris, Bibliothèque des Missions étrangères. I argue that it seems to be a copy of a dictionary compiled by the early modern French Orientalist and diplomat François Pétis de la Croix, the younger. Beyond the question of authorship, I survey the themes and structure of the dictionary and discuss the compiler’s cultural insights into Ottoman and Safavid societies and the cultural barriers that his translations reveal.
Gregorio Magno y los eruditos protestantes en los primeros 50 años de la Reforma
Authors: Varela Rodríguez Joel
Published: March 2021

El propósito de esta nota es analizar la recepción de la figura y la obra del papa Gregorio Magno entre los principales eruditos protestantes hasta mediados del siglo XVI: Lutero, Zwinglio, Calvino, las Centurias de Magdeburgo, la edición gregoriana de Huldreich Coccius, y otros.
Michel Scot, Liber Particularis, Liber Physonomie, Ed. Oleg Voskoboynikov, SISMEL–Edizioni Del Galluzzo, Firenze 2019 (Micrologus Library, 93), PP. VIII + 416, ISBN 9788884509062
Authors: Devriese Lisa
Published: March 2021

Review of:

Michel Scot, Liber Particularis, Liber Physonomie, Ed. Oleg Voskoboynikov, SISMEL–Edizioni Del Galluzzo, Firenze 2019 (Micrologus Library, 93), PP. VIII + 416, ISBN 9788884509062
In memoriam Franco Cordero (6.VIII.1928–8.V.2020)
Authors: D'Orsi Angelo
Published: March 2021

In memoriam Franco Cordero (6.VIII.1928–8.V.2020).
In memoriam Peter Dronke (30.V.1934–19.IV.2020)
Authors: Burnett Charles
Published: March 2021

In memoriam Peter Dronke (30.V.1934–19.IV.2020).
In memoriam Helena Avelar de Carvalho (17.IX.1964–9.III.2021)
Authors: Burnett Charles
Published: March 2021

In memoriam Helena Avelar de Carvalho (17.IX.1964–9.III.2021).
Ports’ criticality in international trade and global supply-chains
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Koks Elco , Hall Jim
Published: March 2021

Ports form the backbone of the global economy. By combining a vast database of ship tracking data with bilateral trade data and input-output tables, we highlight the critical role of specific ports in global supply chains and economies. For some countries, we find that 43.5% of economic activity is dependent on trade going through a single port. The top ten global ports influence 9.3% of the global economy, of which the port of Shanghai alone embeds 1.7% of global output. Ports are even more critical in some sectors, such as the mining and quarrying sector, for which 82% of trade is transported by maritime transport. We estimate how changes in final demand will be routed through ports, revealing that for every US$1000 increase in final demand a country’s ports experience a US$18.3 increase in imports on average, and up to US$108 increase in low income countries and small islands.
Lockdown Litter: A critical analysis of global COVID-19 PPE litter and measures for mitigation
Authors: Roberts Keiron , Phang Sui , Williams John , Hutchinson David , Kolstoe Simon , de Bie Jasper , Williams Ian , Stringfellow Anne
Published: March 2021

Personal protection equipment was adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce transmission of the virus. However, masks, gloves and wipes must be disposed of responsibly. Anecdotal accounts of litter throughout 2020 suggest an environmental legacy to mismanaged PPE. Here we show the emergence of COVID-related litter over a 14-month period using the citizen science application Litterati. Observational data suggests that face mask litter became a new litter type as a result of COVID-19 legislation, increasing from <0.01% to over 0.8% in the countries observed. Glove and wipe litter was already prevalent at around 0.2% prior to the pandemic, doubling to around 0.4% throughout the pandemic. Citizen science enabled observation of littering behaviours between nations, highlighting where transferable practice could be beneficial in reducing littering impacts in other nations.