bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in developing active targeting and multi-functional drug delivery systems via bioorthogonal chemistry
Authors: Yi Wenzhe , Xiao Ping , Liu Xiaochen , Zhao Zitong , Sun Xiangshi , Wang Jue , Zhou Lei , Wang Guanru , Cao Haiqiang , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping
Published: December 2022

Bioorthogonal chemistry reactions occur in physiological conditions without interfering with normal physiological processes. Through metabolic engineering, bioorthogonal groups can be tagged onto cell membranes, which selectively attach to cargos with paired groups via bioorthogonal reactions. Due to its simplicity, high efficiency, and specificity, bioorthogonal chemistry has demonstrated great application potential in drug delivery. On the one hand, bioorthogonal reactions improve therapeutic agent delivery to target sites, overcoming off-target distribution. On the other hand, nanoparticles and biomolecules can be linked to cell membranes by bioorthogonal reactions, providing approaches to developing multi-functional drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this review, we first describe the principle of labeling cells or pathogenic microorganisms with bioorthogonal groups. We then highlight recent breakthroughs in developing active targeting DDSs to tumors, immune systems, or bacteria by bioorthogonal chemistry, as well as applications of bioorthogonal chemistry in developing functional bio-inspired DDSs (biomimetic DDSs, cell-based DDSs, bacteria-based and phage-based DDSs) and hydrogels. Finally, we discuss the difficulties and prospective direction of bioorthogonal chemistry in drug delivery. We expect this review will help us understand the latest advances in the development of active targeting and multi-functional DDSs using bioorthogonal chemistry and inspire innovative applications of bioorthogonal chemistry in developing smart DDSs for disease treatment.
Extracellular matrix sheet modified with VEGF-loaded nanoparticles for bladder regeneration
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Jiasheng , Duan Meng , Zhao Weixin , Cheng Hui , Yang Ming , Liu Meng , Huang Jianwen , Gao Guo , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds have been widely studied to repair bladder tissue defects; however, insufficient angiogenesis and weak mechanical strength limit their applicability for tissue regeneration. In this work, ECM bioscaffolds were derived from decellularized sheets and then modified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NP–VEGF) to promote angiogenesis. Electrospun silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biocompatible protein with excellent mechanical properties. To further improve the mechanical properties of ECM bioscaffolds, SF was added to the Fe3O4 NP–VEGF-modified ECM bioscaffolds to develop a biomimetic ECM-like proangiogenic scaffold. In vitro characterization with endothelial cells revealed that the proangiogenic scaffold supports cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the biomimetic proangiogenic scaffold significantly accelerated vascularization in vivo in a rat bladder augmentation model. Importantly, these improvements in vascularization promoted urothelium and smooth muscle regeneration. These findings demonstrate that the developed biomimetic proangiogenic scaffold possesses great potential for bladder regeneration applications.
Direct on-swab metabolic profiling of vaginal microbiome host interactions during pregnancy and preterm birth
Authors: Pruski Pamela , Correia Gonçalo D. S. , Lewis Holly V. , Capuccini Katia , Inglese Paolo , Chan Denise , Brown Richard G. , Kindinger Lindsay , Lee Yun S. , Smith Ann , Marchesi Julian , McDonald Julie A. K. , Cameron Simon , Alexander-Hardiman Kate , David Anna L. , Stock Sarah J. , Norman Jane E. , Terzidou Vasso , Teoh T. G. , Sykes Lynne , Bennett Phillip R. , Takats Zoltan , MacIntyre David A.
Published: December 2022

The pregnancy vaginal microbiome contributes to risk of preterm birth, the primary cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Here we describe direct on-swab metabolic profiling by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) for sample preparation-free characterisation of the cervicovaginal metabolome in two independent pregnancy cohorts (VMET, n = 160; 455 swabs; VMET II, n = 205; 573 swabs). By integrating metataxonomics and immune profiling data from matched samples, we show that specific metabolome signatures can be used to robustly predict simultaneously both the composition of the vaginal microbiome and host inflammatory status. In these patients, vaginal microbiota instability and innate immune activation, as predicted using DESI-MS, associated with preterm birth, including in women receiving cervical cerclage for preterm birth prevention. These findings highlight direct on-swab metabolic profiling by DESI-MS as an innovative approach for preterm birth risk stratification through rapid assessment of vaginal microbiota-host dynamics.
Extending resolution within a single imaging frame
Authors: Torres-García Esley , Pinto-Cámara Raúl , Linares Alejandro , Martínez Damián , Abonza Víctor , Brito-Alarcón Eduardo , Calcines-Cruz Carlos , Valdés-Galindo Gustavo , Torres David , Jabloñski Martina , Torres-Martínez Héctor H. , Martínez José L. , Hernández Haydee O. , Ocelotl-Oviedo José P. , Garcés Yasel , Barchi Marco , D’Antuono Rocco , Bošković Ana , Dubrovsky Joseph G. , Darszon Alberto , Buffone Mariano G. , Morales Roberto Rodríguez , Rendon-Mancha Juan Manuel , Wood Christopher D. , Hernández-García Armando , Krapf Diego , Crevenna Álvaro H. , Guerrero Adán
Published: December 2022

The resolution of fluorescence microscopy images is limited by the physical properties of light. In the last decade, numerous super-resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches have been proposed to deal with such hindrance. Here we present Mean-Shift Super Resolution (MSSR), a new SRM algorithm based on the Mean Shift theory, which extends spatial resolution of single fluorescence images beyond the diffraction limit of light. MSSR works on low and high fluorophore densities, is not limited by the architecture of the optical setup and is applicable to single images as well as temporal series. The theoretical limit of spatial resolution, based on optimized real-world imaging conditions and analysis of temporal image stacks, has been measured to be 40 nm. Furthermore, MSSR has denoising capabilities that outperform other SRM approaches. Along with its wide accessibility, MSSR is a powerful, flexible, and generic tool for multidimensional and live cell imaging applications.
Deciphering clinical abbreviations with a privacy protecting machine learning system
Authors: Rajkomar Alvin , Loreaux Eric , Liu Yuchen , Kemp Jonas , Li Benny , Chen Ming-Jun , Zhang Yi , Mohiuddin Afroz , Gottweis Juraj
Published: December 2022

Physicians write clinical notes with abbreviations and shorthand that are difficult to decipher. Abbreviations can be clinical jargon (writing “HIT” for “heparin induced thrombocytopenia”), ambiguous terms that require expertise to disambiguate (using “MS” for “multiple sclerosis” or “mental status”), or domain-specific vernacular (“cb” for “complicated by”). Here we train machine learning models on public web data to decode such text by replacing abbreviations with their meanings. We report a single translation model that simultaneously detects and expands thousands of abbreviations in real clinical notes with accuracies ranging from 92.1%-97.1% on multiple external test datasets. The model equals or exceeds the performance of board-certified physicians (97.6% vs 88.7% total accuracy). Our results demonstrate a general method to contextually decipher abbreviations and shorthand that is built without any privacy-compromising data.
Discrete LAT condensates encode antigen information from single pMHC:TCR binding events
Authors: McAffee Darren B. , O’Dair Mark K. , Lin Jenny J. , Low-Nam Shalini T. , Wilhelm Kiera B. , Kim Sungi , Morita Shumpei , Groves Jay T.
Published: December 2022

LAT assembly into a two-dimensional protein condensate is a prominent feature of antigen discrimination by T cells. Here, we use single-molecule imaging techniques to resolve the spatial position and temporal duration of each pMHC:TCR molecular binding event while simultaneously monitoring LAT condensation at the membrane. An individual binding event is sufficient to trigger a LAT condensate, which is self-limiting, and neither its size nor lifetime is correlated with the duration of the originating pMHC:TCR binding event. Only the probability of the LAT condensate forming is related to the pMHC:TCR binding dwell time. LAT condenses abruptly, but after an extended delay from the originating binding event. A LAT mutation that facilitates phosphorylation at the PLC-γ1 recruitment site shortens the delay time to LAT condensation and alters T cell antigen specificity. These results identify a function for the LAT protein condensation phase transition in setting antigen discrimination thresholds in T cells.
Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors
Authors: Xiang Zezhong , Li Jin , You Peng , Han Linbo , Qiu Mingxia , Chen Gengliang , He Yu , Liang Songqiang , Xiang Boyuan , Su Yaorong , An Hongyu , Li Shunpu
Published: December 2022

Regular patterns can form spontaneously in chemical reaction-diffusion systems under non-equilibrium conditions as proposed by Alan Turing. Here, we found that regular patterns can be generated in uphill-diffusion solution systems without a chemical reaction process through both in-situ and ex-situ observations. Organic semiconductor solution is confined between two parallel plates with controlled micron/submicron-meter distance to minimize convection of the liquid and avoid spinodal precipitation at equilibrium. The solvent evaporation concentrates the solution gradually into an oversaturated non-equilibrium condition, under which a phase-transition occurs and ordered concentration-waves are generated. By proper tuning of the experimental parameter, multiple regular patterns with micro/nano-meter scaled features (line, square-grid, zig-zag, and fence-like patterns etc.) were observed. We explain the observed phenomenon as Turing-pattern generation resulted from uphill-diffusion and solution oversaturation. The generated patterns in the solutions can be condensed onto substrates to form structured micro/nanomaterials. We have fabricated organic semiconductor devices with such patterned materials to demonstrate the potential applications. Our observation may serve as a milestone in the progress towards a fundamental understanding of pattern formation in nature, like in biosystem, and pave a new avenue in developing self-assembling techniques of micro/nano structured materials.
Total enzymatic synthesis of cis-α-irone from a simple carbon source
Authors: Chen Xixian , T Rehka , Esque Jérémy , Zhang Congqiang , Shukal Sudha , Lim Chin Chin , Ong Leonard , Smith Derek , André Isabelle
Published: December 2022

Metabolic engineering has become an attractive method for the efficient production of natural products. However, one important pre-requisite is to establish the biosynthetic pathways. Many commercially interesting molecules cannot be biosynthesized as their native biochemical pathways are not fully elucidated. Cis-α-irone, a top-end perfumery molecule, is an example. Retrobiosynthetic pathway design by employing promiscuous enzymes provides an alternative solution to this challenge. In this work, we design a synthetic pathway to produce cis-α-irone with a promiscuous methyltransferase (pMT). Using structure-guided enzyme engineering strategies, we improve pMT activity and specificity towards cis-α-irone by >10,000-fold and >1000-fold, respectively. By incorporating the optimized methyltransferase into our engineered microbial cells, ~86 mg l−1 cis-α-irone is produced from glucose in a 5 l bioreactor. Our work illustrates that integrated retrobiosynthetic pathway design and enzyme engineering can offer opportunities to expand the scope of natural molecules that can be biosynthesized.
Ice phenology dataset reconstructed from remote sensing and modelling for lakes over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Guo Linan , Zhang Bing , Zheng Hongxing , Fan Lanxin , Chi Haojing , Li Junsheng , Wang Shenglei
Published: December 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a region sensitive to global climate change and has been experiencing substantial environmental changes in the past decades. Lake ice phenology (LIP) is a perceptible indicator reflecting changes of lake thermodynamics in response to global warming. Lake ice phenology over the Tibetan Plateau is however rarely observed and recorded. This research presents a dataset containing 39-year (1978–2016) lake ice phenology data of 132 lakes (each with area >40 km2) over the Tibetan Plateau by combining the strengths of both remote sensing (MOD11A2, MOD10A1) and numerical modelling (air2water). Data validation shows that the ice phenology data derived by our method is highly consistent with that based on existing approaches (with R2 > 0.75 for all phenology index and RMSE < 5d). The dataset is valuable to investigate the lake-atmosphere interactions and long-term hydrothermal change of lakes across the Tibetan Plateau.
Polyphenol-rich açaí seed extract exhibits reno-protective and anti-fibrotic activities in renal tubular cells and mice with kidney failure
Authors: Monteiro Elisa Bernardes , Borges Natalia Alvarenga , Monteiro Mariana , de Castro Resende Ângela , Daleprane Julio Beltrame , Soulage Christophe Olivier
Published: December 2022

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the reno-protective effects of a phenolic-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE) in mice with kidney failure. Kidney failure was induced chemically with an adenine-rich diet (0.25% w/w for 4 weeks) in male CD1 Swiss mice. Mice were then provided daily with ASE (at a dose of ~ 350 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Adenine mice exhibited renal dysfunction evidenced by increased proteinuria, increased uremia, extensive tubular atrophy and kidney fibrosis associated with overexpression of pro-fibrotic genes (collagen 1a1, transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1) and markers of tubular injury (such as Kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1). ASE was able to beneficially counteract all these effects. ASE improved oxidative damage and fibrosis by decreasing carbonylated protein and MDA concentrations, as well as collagen deposition in renal tissue. ASE decreased the expression of TGF-β1 gene and the abundance of protein TGF-β1 in kidneys. It further decreased both expression and urinary excretion of tubular injury biomarkers, e.g., KIM-1 and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. CKD ASE-treated mice exhibited higher polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity compared to control mice. ASE further prevented the expression of profibrotic genes in HK2 human tubular cells exposed to uremic toxins. Taken together, these findings suggest that ASE exerted potent reno-protective and anti-fibrotic effects through its antioxidant activity and the modulation of the TGF-β1 pathway.
High-efficiency retention of ultrafine aerosols by electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Salkovskiy Yury , Fadeev Aleksandr
Published: December 2022

The versatility of nanofibrous polymeric materials makes them attractive for developing respiratory protective equipment. Ultrafine nanofibers effectively trap the most penetrating aerosols and exhibit consistent performance compared to conventional electret filters. Advanced nanofiber manufacturing technologies such as electrospinning can functionalize filter materials, enhancing them with unique antibacterial, catalytic, sensory, and other properties. Much of the current research in nanofibrous air filtration focuses on using nanofibers for lightweight personal protective equipment such as N95 respirators, but their use for higher levels of respiratory protection required for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) protection has not yet been comprehensively explored. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that electrospun filters could provide the particle filtration efficiency and breathing resistance required by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standard for CBRN air-purifying respirators. Our manufactured nanofibrous filters demonstrated submicron aerosol retention efficiency of > 99.999999%, which is four orders of magnitude better than the requirements of the CBRN standard. They also had a breathing resistance of ~ 26 mmH2O, which is more than twofold lower than the maximum allowable limit. Although the filter material from the gas mask cartridge currently in service with the U.S. military demonstrated a higher quality factor than electrospun filters, the comparative analysis of filter morphology suggested ways of improving nanofibrous filter performance by tuning nanofiber diameter distribution.
How axon and dendrite branching are guided by time, energy, and spatial constraints
Authors: Desai-Chowdhry Paheli , Brummer Alexander B. , Savage Van M.
Published: December 2022

Neurons are connected by complex branching processes—axons and dendrites—that process information for organisms to respond to their environment. Classifying neurons according to differences in structure or function is a fundamental part of neuroscience. Here, by constructing biophysical theory and testing against empirical measures of branching structure, we develop a general model that establishes a correspondence between neuron structure and function as mediated by principles such as time or power minimization for information processing as well as spatial constraints for forming connections. We test our predictions for radius scale factors against those extracted from neuronal images, measured for species that range from insects to whales, including data from light and electron microscopy studies. Notably, our findings reveal that the branching of axons and peripheral nervous system neurons is mainly determined by time minimization, while dendritic branching is determined by power minimization. Our model also predicts a quarter-power scaling relationship between conduction time delay and body size.
Responsiveness of electromyographically assessed skeletal muscle inactivity: methodological exploration and implications for health benefits
Authors: Pesola A. J. , Gao Y. , Finni T.
Published: December 2022

Prolonged sedentary behaviour is detrimental to health due to low contractile activity in large lower extremity muscle groups. This muscle inactivity can be measured with electromyography (EMG), but it is unknown how methodological factors affect responsiveness longitudinally. This study ranks 16 different EMG inactivity thresholds based on their responsiveness (absolute and standardized effect size, responsiveness) using data from a randomized controlled trial targeted at reducing and breaking up sedentary time (InPact, ISRCTN28668090). EMG inactivity duration and usual EMG inactivity bout duration (weighted median of bout lengths) were measured from large lower extremity muscle groups (quadriceps, hamstring) with EMG-sensing shorts. The results showed that the EMG inactivity threshold above signal baseline (3 μV) provided overall the best responsiveness indices. At baseline, EMG inactivity duration of 66.8 ± 9.6% was accumulated through 73.9 ± 36.0 s usual EMG inactivity bout duration, both of which were reduced following the intervention (−4.8 percentage points, −34.3 s). The proposed methodology can reduce variability in longitudinal designs and the detailed results can be used for sample size calculations. Reducing EMG inactivity duration and accumulating EMG inactivity in shorter bouts has a potential influence on muscle physiology and health.
Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis laevigata
Authors: Nava-Solis Uriel , Rodriguez-Canales Mario , Hernandez-Hernandez Ana Bertha , Velasco-Melgoza David Arturo , Moreno-Guzman Brenda Paola , Rodriguez-Monroy Marco Aurelio , Canales-Martinez María Margarita
Published: December 2022

The appearance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has highlighted the need to search for new compounds that can effectively combat infectious diseases. A potential source of these compounds are the secondary metabolites of species that have been reported as effective traditional treatments of such diseases.Prosopis laevigatais a medicinal plant, and its chemical constituents have shown potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves ofProsopis laevigataagainst different bacterial and fungal strains of medical and agronomic interest were investigated in vitro. In addition, the chemical composition of this extract was investigated by HPLC–DAD, GC‒MS, and HPLC‒MS. The methanolic leaf extract contained 67 mg of GAE/g of total phenols (6.7%), 2.6 mg of QE/g of flavonoids (0.26%), and 11.87 mg of AE/g of total alkaloids (1.18%). Phenolic acids and catechol were the compounds identified by HPLC–DAD. The methanolic extract had strong antimicrobial activity, especially againstStaphylococcus aureus(MIC = 0.62 mg/mL),Escherichia coli(MIC = 0.62 mg/mL),Candida tropicalis(MIC = 0.08 mg/mL) andFusarium moniliforme(MIC = 4.62 mg/mL). These results suggest that the extract ofP. laevigataleaves could be a source of antimicrobial molecules. However, it is necessary to delve into its chemical composition.
Correlation analysis of flow parameters in the olfactory cleft and olfactory function
Authors: Wu Shuo , Wang Peiji , Xie Dielai , Jian Feitong
Published: December 2022

The olfaction is related to flow in the olfactory cleft. However, There is a lack of studies on the relationship between flow characteristics of the olfactory cleft and olfactory function. In this study, the anatomical structure of the olfactory cleft was reconstructed in three dimensions using the raw data obtained from the CT scans of sinuses of 32 enrolled volunteers. The Sniffin’ Sticks test was used to examine the olfaction. We investigated the correlation between airflow parameters and olfactory function of the olfactory cleft in healthy adults by the computational fluid dynamics method. We found that three parameters, airflow, airflow velocity, and airflow ratio, were highly positively correlated with olfactory function. The mean pressure was not correlated with the olfactory function. Furthermore, there is the strongest correlation between air flow through the olfactory cleft and olfactory function. The correlation between the mean velocity in the anterior olfactory cleft region and olfaction was relatively poor, while the airflow velocity at the posterior olfactory cleft region was enhanced gradually. The correlation between the airflow ratio and olfaction was optimal in the initial position of superior turbinate. The flow parameters in the posterior olfactory cleft area were more stable.
Assessment of the relationship between serum xanthine oxidase levels and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Fariha Khandaker Atkia , Barman Zitu , Mou Ananya Dutta , Miah Rakib , Habib Ahsan , Tuba Humaira Rashid , Ali Nurshad
Published: December 2022

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme associated with purine metabolism. The relationship between XO levels and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear yet or little is known so far. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the association of XO levels with T2D in a Bangladeshi adult cohort. A total of 325 participants (234 males and 91 females) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into three groups; diabetic (n = 173), prediabetic (n = 35), and non-diabetic control (n = 117). Serum levels of XO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other biochemical parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum uric acid (SUA), and lipid profile markers measured by colorimetric methods. Participants with T2D were confirmed according to the definition of the American Diabetic Association. The association between serum XO levels and T2D was determined by logistic regression models. The mean level of serum XO was significantly higher in females (6.0 ± 3.7 U/L) compared to male (4.0 ± 2.8 U/L) participants (p < 0.001). In contrast, males had a higher mean level of SUA (6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL) than female (4.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL) participants (p < 0.001). The mean level of XO was significantly higher in the diabetic group (5.8 ± 3.6 U/L) compared to the prediabetic (3.7 ± 1.9 U/L) and control (2.9 ± 1.8 U/L) groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the mean SUA concentration was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). A significant increasing trend was observed for FBG levels across the XO quartiles (p < 0.001). A decreasing trend was found for SUA levels in the XO quartiles (p < 0.001). Serum levels of XO and SUA showed a positive and negative correlation with FBG, respectively. In regression analysis, serum XO levels showed an independent association with T2D. In conclusion, this study reports a positive and independent association between XO levels and T2D in Bangladeshi adults. Monitoring serum levels of XO may be useful in reducing the risk of T2D. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of the association between elevated XO levels and T2D.
Bayesian SIR model with change points with application to the Omicron wave in Singapore
Authors: Gu Jiaqi , Yin Guosheng
Published: December 2022

The Omicron variant has led to a new wave of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, with unprecedented numbers of daily confirmed new cases in many countries and areas. To analyze the impact of society or policy changes on the development of the Omicron wave, the stochastic susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model with change points is proposed to accommodate the situations where the transmission rate and the removal rate may vary significantly at change points. Bayesian inference based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to estimate both the locations of change points as well as the transmission rate and removal rate within each stage. Experiments on simulated data reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method, and several stages are detected in analyzing the Omicron wave data in Singapore.
Detrimental impact of aqueous mobile phases on 18F-labelled radiopharmaceutical analysis via radio-TLC
Authors: Laferriere-Holloway Travis S. , Rios Alejandra , van Dam R. Michael
Published: December 2022

Aqueous mobile phases lead to complex migration of analytes in radio-TLC performed on silica plates.
Effect of bacterial growth stage on the response to two-dimensional nanomaterials
Authors: Shepard Zachary , Saleeba Zachary S. S. L. , Liu Muchun , Hurt Robert H. , Oyanedel-Craver Vinka
Published: December 2022

Bacterial response to two-dimensional nanomaterials is dependent on the type and concentration of the material and the growth stage of the bacteria.
Proteomic mapping of intercellular synaptic environmentsviaflavin-dependent photoredox catalysis
Authors: Bechtel Tyler J. , Bertoch Jayde M. , Olow Aleksandra K. , Duich Margaret , White Cory H. , Reyes-Robles Tamara , Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi O. , Oslund Rob C.
Published: December 2022

Use of photocatalytic systems to identify immune synapse protein microenvironments reveal flavin as an ideal photocatalyst for profiling within these confined cellular regions.
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots as visible light initiators for 3D (bio)printing
Authors: Huang Xing , Shi Mengquan , Zhai Haoqi , Zhang Yuxi , Zhang Yunlong , Zhao Yuxia
Published: December 2022

Two nitrogen-doped carbon dots were prepared which showed great potential in 3D (bio)printing as visible light initiators.
Cu(i)-catalysed asymmetric intramolecular tandem oxaziridination/rearrangement reaction: theoretical insight into the mechanism, enantioselectivity, ligand effect, and comparison with the corresponding Lewis-acid-promoted reaction
Authors: Liu Yongyin , Song Guanghui , Chen Hui , Li Juan
Published: December 2022

DFT calculations were performed to explore the mechanisms, origins of enantioselectivity, and ligand-controlled reactivity of the Cu(i)-catalysed asymmetric intramolecular tandem oxaziridination/rearrangement reaction.
An unusualtrans-hydrosilylation of prochiral 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropenes revealing the different nature of asymmetric palladium and rhodium catalysis
Authors: Zhou Han-Qi , Ling Fang-Ying , Fang Xiao-Jun , Zhu Hua-Jie , Li Li , Ye Fei , Xu Zheng , Xu Li-Wen
Published: December 2022

A highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction of prochiral 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropenes to access a wide variety of silylcyclopropanes bearing a quaternary carbon-stereocenter with good diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Cu-catalyzed reductive aminomethylation of 1,3-dienes with N,O-acetals: facile construction of β-chiral amines with quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Ren Ke , Yuan Rong , Gui Yong-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Wang , Min Shi-Yun , Wang Bi-Qin , Yu Da-Gang
Published: December 2022

A copper-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective reductive aminomethylation of 1,1-disubstituted 1,3-dienes with N,O-acetals is reported for the first time.
Fabrication of TiVO4 photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical application
Authors: Alruwaili Manal , Roy Anurag , Nundy Srijita , Tahir Asif Ali
Published: December 2022

TiVO4 photoanode was prepared using the spray pyrolysis technique and further employed for photoelectrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen.
Decomposition analysis on the excitation behaviors of thiazolothiazole (TTz)-based dyes via the time-dependent dielectric density functional theory approach
Authors: Naito Takumi , Kita Yukiumi , Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: December 2022

Decomposition analysis shows that the solvent reorientation effect causes solvatofluorochromism of TTz dyes.
Side chain isomerization enables high efficiency and thickness tolerant organic solar cells
Authors: Li Zhixiang , Zhou Bailin , Zhang Shuchao , Jiang Changzun , Zou Yalu , Li Shitong , Yang Yang , Yao Zhaoyang , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: December 2022

An acceptor FEH2C8-2Cl is designed by introducing the isomerized side chains and the corresponding photovoltaic module with the active layer area 25 cm2yields an efficiency of 11.71%.
A cryogel solar vapor generator with rapid water replenishment and high intermediate water content for seawater desalination
Authors: Mao Shudi , Onggowarsito Casey , Feng An , Zhang Stella , Fu Qiang , Nghiem Long D.
Published: December 2022

By selecting appropriate polymer precursors, we developed a novel cryogel solar vapor generator for seawater desalination with high intermediate water content for lower evaporation enthalpy and interconnected macropores for rapid water replenishment.
Solution-processed 2D materials on paper substrates for photodetection and photomechanical applications
Authors: Lobo Kenneth , Thakur Rohit , Prasad S. Krishna , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna
Published: December 2022

Solution-processed 2D materials have been incorporated with paper processing protocols to realize optically triggered applications such as photodetectors and photothermal actuators.
Spatial‐temporal learning structure for short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Ganjouri Mahtab , Moattari Mazda , Forouzantabar Ahmad , Azadi Mohammad
Published: December 2022

In the power system operational/planning studies, it is a crucial task to provide the load consumption information in the look‐ahead times. The huge variation of the power system infrastructure in recent years has led to significant changes in the consumers’ consumption pattern. Therefore, short‐term load forecasting (STLF) is transformed to a more complicated problem in recent years. To address this issue, this paper proposes a graph‐based deep neural network to capture full spatial‐temporal features and be able to oversee high volatility time series including load sequence. The proposed spatial deep learning structure benefits from learning the spatial feature using Gabor filter‐oriented layers and full understanding the temporal behaviour based on bidirectional networks. The designed learning‐based system is developed as a graph‐based learning system to improve the accuracy considering the meteorological information behaviour. To verify the performance of the designed deep graph network, the actual load data of Shiraz, Iran, is used. Besides, to demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed, the designed deep graph network is compared with three well‐known shallow and deep networks in different cases including yearly performance, seasonal performance, and sensitivity analysis on the meteorological data.
A powerful (and likely young) radio-loud quasar at z = 5.3
Authors: Belladitta S. , Moretti A. , Caccianiga A. , Dallacasa D. , Spingola C. , Pedani M. , Cassarà L. P. , Bisogni S.
Published: December 2022

We present the discovery of PSO J191.05696+86.43172 (hereafter PSO J191+86), a new powerful radio-loud quasar (QSO) in the early Universe (z = 5.32). We discovered it by cross-matching the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio catalog at 1.4 GHz with the first data release of the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS PS1) in the optical. With a NVSS flux density of 74.2 mJy, PSO J191+86 is one of the brightest radio QSO discovered at z ∼ 5. The intensity of its radio emission is also confirmed by the very high value of radio loudness (R > 300). The observed radio spectrum of PSO J191+86 shows a possible turnover around ∼1 GHz (i.e., ∼6 GHz in the rest frame), making it a gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) source. However, variability could affect the real shape of the radio spectrum, because the data in hand were taken ∼25 years apart. By assuming a peak in the observed radio spectrum between 1 and 2 GHz (i.e., ∼6 and 13 GHz in the rest-frame) we find a linear size of the source of ∼10–30 pc and a corresponding kinetic age of 150–460 yr. This would make PSO J191+86 a newly born radio source. However, the large X-ray luminosity (5.3×1045 erg s−1), the flat X-ray photon index (ΓX = 1.32), and the optical–X-ray spectral index (αox̃ = 1.329) are typical of blazars. This could indicate that the nonthermal emission of PSO J191+86 is Doppler boosted. Further radio observations (both on arcsec and parsec scales) are necessary to better investigate the nature of this powerful radio QSO.
Cosmic-ray electron transport in the galaxy M 51
Authors: Dörner Julien , Reichherzer Patrick , Becker Tjus Julia , Heesen Volker
Published: December 2022

Context.Indirect observations of the cosmic-ray electron (CRE) distribution via synchrotron emission is crucial for deepening the understanding of the CRE transport in the interstellar medium, and in investigating the role of galactic outflows.

Aims.In this paper, we quantify the contribution of diffusion- and advection-dominated transport of CREs in the galaxy M51 considering relevant energy loss processes.

Methods.We used recent measurement from M 51 that allow for the derivation of the diffusion coefficient, the star formation rate, and the magnetic field strength. With this input, we solved the 3D transport equation numerically including the spatial dependence as provided by the measurements, using the open-source transport framework CRPropa (v3.1). We included 3D transport (diffusion and advection), and the relevant loss processes.

Results.We find that the data can be described well with the parameters from recent measurements. For the best fit, it is required that the wind velocity, following from the observed star formation rate, must be decreased by a factor of 5. We find a model in which the inner galaxy is dominated by advective escape and the outer galaxy is composed by both diffusion and advection.

Conclusions.Three-dimensional modelling of cosmic-ray transport in the face-on galaxy M51 allows for conclusions about the strength of the outflow of such galaxies by quantifying the need for a wind in the description of the cosmic-ray signatures. This opens up the possibility of investigating galactic winds in face-on galaxies in general.
Risk-sensitive mean field games with major and minor players
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Tao , Xin Zhixian
Published: December 2022

We investigate a class of mean field games containing a large number of major and minor players. Each player minimizes a quadratic-tracking type risk-sensitive cost functional, where the reference signal is a function of the state average term of the major and minor players. To reduce the complexity for solving the problem, we design a sequence of decentralized strategies by the Nash certainty equivalence principle. Firstly, for the optimal control problems with quadratic type risk-sensitive cost functionals, we propose a new verification theorem. Secondly, we apply the two-layer state aggregation method to construct the fixed-point equations for the estimations of the state average terms and give the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the fixed points. Then, we design a sequence of decentralized strategies by the estimations of the state average terms based on local information. It is shown that the estimations of the state average terms are consistent with the true values for the closed-loop systems, and the sequence of strategies designed is a decentralized asymptotic Nash equilibrium. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is demonstrated by a numerical example.
G-convergence of elliptic and parabolic operators depending on vector fields
Authors: Maione A. , Paronetto F. , Vecchi E.
Published: December 2022

We consider sequences of elliptic and parabolic operators in divergence form and depending on a family of vector fields. We show compactness results with respect to G-convergence, or H-convergence, by means of the compensated compactness theory, in a setting in which the existence of affine functions is not always guaranteed, due to the nature of the family of vector fields.
[18F]FDG-PET zur Differenzialdiagnostik und Prognostik der neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndrome: Update 2022
Authors: Meyer Philipp T. , Brumberg Joachim , Buhmann Carsten , Buchert Ralph
Published: December 2022

Die Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) mit [18F]Fluordesoxyglukose
([18F]FDG) ist eine etablierte bildgebende Methode zur Diagnostik der
neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndrome. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geben wir nach einer
Einführung in den klinisch-neurologischen Kontext eine aktualisierte Übersicht über die
mittlerweile sehr umfangreiche Evidenz (u.a. basierend auf post
mortem Studien und aktuellen Metaanalysen), dass die [18F]FDG-PET
erkrankungsspezifische Muster des zerebralen Glukosestoffwechsels bei den einzelnen
Parkinson-Syndromen abbilden und damit einen über die klinische Diagnose hinausgehenden
differenzialdiagnostischen Beitrag liefern kann. Dies betrifft sowohl die Abgrenzung des
idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (IPS) von den atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen (APS), als auch
die Trennung der APS untereinander. Ferner fassen wir die aktuelle Studienlage zur Wertigkeit
der [18F]FDG-PET zur Prognose der Entwicklung einer Demenz beim IPS zusammen.
Hierbei gehen wir jeweils auch auf den Beitrag konkurrierender bildgebender Verfahren ein.
Abschließend diskutieren wir jüngste technische Entwicklungen und die Kosteneffektivität der
[18F]FDG-PET am Beispiel der Abklärung zur Tiefen-Hirnstimulation.
Retrograde Training: Effects on Lower Body Strength and
Power
Authors: Ferley Derek D. , Osborn Roy , Vukovich Matt
Published: December 2022

Backward walking and running on positive grades (retrograde training) represents
a closed kinetic chain exercise used by rehabilitation specialists for
patellofemoral-related injuries. To date, no longitudinal studies exist to
support it use. This investigation examined the effects of retrograde training
on lower body strength and power in recreational athletes aged 18–50
years over 6 weeks. Thirty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1
performed retrograde training 3 days∙wk−1 using
treadmill speeds, grades and bout durations ranging from
1.6–4.9 m∙sec−1,
2.5–27.5% and 10–30 seconds, respectively (RG,
n=19). Group 2 was a control group who continued their normal training
(CON, n=18). Pre- and posttests assessed a variety of unilateral and
bilateral measures including vertical and linear jumps, one repetition maximum
leg press strength, and positive and negative power during weighted squat
jumping on a horizontal leg press with a force plate. RG improved significantly
in all tests (P<0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement
in a majority of tests revealed a moderate to very large ES of RG training (ES
range: 0.77–2.71). We conclude retrograde training effective for
improving lower body strength and power in recreational athletes.
A Patient Diagnosed with Mosaic Trisomy 18 Presenting New Symptoms: Diaphragmatic Relaxation and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome. Updated Review of Mosaic Trisomy 18 Cases
Authors: Kósa Magdolna , Horváth Emese , Kalmár Tibor , Maróti Zoltán , Földesi Imre , Bereczki Csaba
Published: December 2022

Although data on T18 are widespread, there is a lack of knowledge on mosaic trisomy 18 (mT18). A current review of mT18 symptomatology, long-term follow-up, and potential health risks is lacking for health care professionals. Our paper addresses these, emphasizing the importance of regular tumor screening as a key message for mT18 patient follow-up. We also present the case of a female patient with mT18 who presented with diaphragmatic relaxation and cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), which had previously not been reported in this genetic condition. On further investigating the etiology of CVS, we revealed a novel mitochondrial mutation in the MT-ND6 gene in heteroplasmic form. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that the mitochondrial mutation together with mT18 could result in CVS.
Unextendible product operator basis
Authors: Hu Mengyao , Chen Lin , Shi Fei , Zhang Xiande , Tura Jordi
Published: December 2022

Quantum nonlocality is associated with the local indistinguishability of orthogonal states. Unextendible product basis (UPB), a widely used tool in quantum information, exhibits nonlocality, which is the powerful resource for quantum information processing. In this work, we extend the definitions of nonlocality and genuine nonlocality from states to operators. We also extend UPB to the notions of unextendible product operator basis, unextendible product unitary operator basis (UPUOB), and strongly UPUOB. We construct their examples and show the nonlocality of some strongly UPUOBs under local operations and classical communications. We study the phenomenon of these operators acting on quantum states. As an application, we distinguish the two-dimensional strongly UPUOB, which only consumes three ebits of entanglement. Our results imply that such UPUOBs exhibit nonlocality as UPBs, and the distinguishability of them requires entanglement resources.
Development of a hardened THz energy meter for use on the kilojoule-scale, short-pulse OMEGA EP laser
Authors: Bruhaug G. , Rinderknecht H. G. , E Y. , Wei M. S. , Brannon R. B. , Guy D. , Peck R. G. , Landis N. , Brent G. , Fairbanks R. , McAtee C. , Walker T. , Buczek T. , Krieger M. , Romanofsky M. H. , Mileham C. , Francis K. G. , Zhang X. C. , Collins G. W. , Rygg J. R.
Published: December 2022

A highly adaptable and robust terahertz (THz) energy meter is designed and implemented to detect energetic THz pulses from high-intensity (>1018 W/cm2) laser–plasma interactions on the OMEGA EP. THz radiation from the laser driven target is detected by a shielded pyrometer. A second identical pyrometer is used for background subtraction. The detector can be configured to detect THz pulses in the 1 mm to 30 μm (0.3- to 10-THz) range and pulse energies from joules to microjoules via changes in filtration, aperture size, and position. Additional polarization selective filtration can also be used to determine the THz pulse polarization. The design incorporates significant radiation and electromagnetic pulse shielding to survive and operate within the OMEGA EP radiation environment. We describe the design, operational principle, calibration, and testing of the THz energy meter. The pyrometers were calibrated using a benchtop laser and show linear sensitivity to up to 1000 nJ of absorbed energy. The initial results from four OMEGA EP THz experiments detected up to ∼15μJ at the detector, which can correspond to hundreds of mJ depending on THz emission and reflection models.
Unshielded portable optically pumped magnetometer for the remote detection of conductive objects using eddy current measurements
Authors: Rushton L. M. , Pyragius T. , Meraki A. , Elson L. , Jensen K.
Published: December 2022

Electrically conductive objects can be detected using the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a primary oscillating magnetic field induces eddy currents in the object, which in turn produce a secondary magnetic field that can be measured with a magnetometer. We have developed a portable radio-frequency optically pumped magnetometer (RF OPM) working in unshielded conditions with sub-pT/Hz magnetic field sensitivity when used for the detection of small oscillating magnetic fields, setting a new benchmark for the sensitivity of a portable RF OPM in unshielded conditions. Using this OPM, we have detected the induced magnetic field from aluminum disks with diameters as small as 1.5 cm and with the disks being ∼25 cm from both the excitation coil and the magnetometer. When used for eddy current detection, our magnetometer achieves a sensitivity of a 2–6 pT/Hz. We have also detected a moving aluminum disk using our RF OPM and analyzed the magnetometer signals, which depend on the position of the disk, illustrating the potential of high sensitivity RF OPMs for remote sensing applications.
Over response correction of optical fiber sensor in radiation measurement
Authors: Xie Tianci , He Bo , Hao Wenjing , Wang Jingjing , Chen Ziyin , Ren Jing , Geng Tao , Lewis Elfed , Sun Weimin
Published: December 2022

In radiation measurement, optical fiber sensors (OFS) have many advantages compared to commercial dosimeters, including high spatial resolution. Due to the OFS measurement principle (fluorescence), the recorded measurement results differ from the standard dose value, such as that obtained using an ionization chamber. In this study, a physical correction function is established to considerably reduce the difference. This function quantifies the over-response of OFS to low-energy scattered photons and low-energy electrons. The specific expression of the function is derived from experimental measurement results obtained using the OFS and a commercial standard dosimeter when subject to two different radiation field sizes irradiated using a clinical linac. Following the application of the correction of the function, the measurement difference between the OFS and the standard dosimeter is greatly reduced for a range of radiation fields, in which case the maximum difference decreased from 42.2% to 1.5%. The dose correction method is based on existing quality assurance (QA) protocols used in radiotherapy and is simple and convenient to apply. This research has further promoted the application of OFSs in radiation dose measurement, including radiotherapy QA and in-patient use.