bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orbital rendezvous mission planning with complex constraints
Authors: Yu Jing , Chen Xiao-qian , Chen Li-hu
Published: July 2015

The rendezvous and docking mission usually includes several phases, and the mission is performed phase by phase. In this paper a mathematical optimization model is established for rendezvous, taking all phases as a whole and considering all the complex constraints (e.g. communication link, sun illumination, etc.). Considering the shortage of ground station assets, a two-stage mission planning framework is proposed to solve the model and improve the rendezvous mission’s overall performance. In this framework, the upper stage works out a rough rendezvous path first to meet the overall requirements by using the two-body analytical propagator; while the lower stage focuses on modifying the rough path by using a high-precision propagator. Several planning and modifying methods are developed and applied to a practical rendezvous mission planning. The simulation results with detailed information show that this framework could resolve the rendezvous problem effectively, and all the modifying methods can improve the rough path, but different methods have different advantages. The simulations for changing computing condition show that with the proposed planning framework and methods, the considerations in different phases can trade with each other to improve the mission’s overall performance. The proposed methods are valuable for operational rendezvous mission planning, especially when communication time windows are limited.
Academic Rigor or Academic Rigor Mortis? Supervising Dissertations Is Serious Business
Authors: Wright Robin Redmon
Published: July 2015

This reflection considers the importance of and responsibility to graduate research supervision through an examination of a published dissertation that has had significant influence on the country’s current immigration debate. The author exhorts both graduate students and adult education faculty to insist on clearly stated theoretical and philosophical underpinnings, rigorous methodology, careful analysis, and a holistic approach in dissertation research.
Vivienne Westwood and the Ethics of Consuming Fashion
Authors: Clarke Jean S. , Holt Robin
Published: July 2015

Little attention has been given to the ethics of fashion consumption despite the often trenchant critique of the fashion industry for intensifying cycles of production, consumption, and disposal and encouraging in consumers a superficial sense of identity and the good life through apparel. In this article, we suggest that although relationships with clothes are not often explicitly stated as “being ethical,” the capacity to be ethical can pervade the buying and wearing of clothes. We focus on the fashion designer, environmental campaigner, and critic of consumption Vivienne Westwood and those who consume her clothing. Using a single case study approach (combining interview data, participant observation, internal and external documents, and literature), we examine the ethical potential of consuming fashion. We show how ethics in consumption is a critical engagement with how products such as clothes are bought and used, and understanding the value of the products we choose to buy. Consumers find themselves personally implicated with and caring for a designer’s work and become responsible for reflecting on their own consumption decisions rather than cheaply satisfying immediate desires.
To Tell or Not to Tell
Authors: Carretta Carrie M. , Burgess Ann W. , DeMarco Rosanna
Published: July 2015

The underreporting of rape is well known; however, there is less information on women who fail to disclose to anyone. This online study suggests that 24% of 242 women who were non-disclosing compared with those who had disclosed were significantly less likely to seek treatment for emotional injuries. Also, almost two thirds of non-disclosing women believed that the abuse was their fault versus 39.1% of women with prior disclosure. Of clinical interest is that regardless of disclosure pattern, there was no significant difference in reports of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the majority of respondents endorsed support for online counseling over telephone or individual contact.
Housing Choice Voucher Holders and Neighborhood Crime
Authors: Hendey Leah , Galster George , Popkin Susan J. , Hayes Chris
Published: July 2015

It is often alleged that households moving into neighborhoods with the aid of housing choice vouchers (HCVs) raise crime rates there. We use 1999–2008 quarterly data from Chicago census tracts to test this allegation with a dynamic panel model designed to overcome the challenges of omitted variable and endogeneity biases. We find no support for the proposition that growth in HCV holders leads to growth in violent crime rates, regardless of neighborhood context. We find that growth in HCV holders is positively associated with growth in property crime rates, however, in higher poverty neighborhoods or if HCVs exceed a threshold concentration.
The Post-Anesthetic Care of Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Chau Destiny F. , Gangadharan Meera , Hartke Lopa P. , Twite Mark D.
Published: July 2015

Few conditions make even the most experienced pediatric anesthesiologists take pause. Pulmonary hypertension is one such condition due to the associated high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Much is written about the intraoperative management of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. This article will instead focus on postoperative care and review the evidence in support of a risk stratification approach for the post-anesthetic disposition of these patients. The total risk for post-anesthetic adverse events includes the patient’s baseline risk factors and the incremental risks imposed by the procedure and anesthetic. A proposal with recommendations to guide practitioners and a table summarizing relevant factors are provided. Last, the readers’ attention is drawn to the heterogeneity of pulmonary hypertensive disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (precapillary) differs significantly from pulmonary venous hypertension (postcapillary); the anesthetic management for one may be relatively contraindicated in the other. Their dissimilarities justify the need to distinguish them for study and research endeavors.
Predictors of Nonelective Removal of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Infants
Authors: Costa Priscila , Kimura Amélia Fumiko , Brandon Debra Huffman , Damiani Lucas Petri
Published: July 2015

Background:

Nonelective removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) due to complications continues to be a major concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) around the world. Nonelective removal results in interruption of intravenous therapy, added costs, stress, and negative impacts on infant’s health. Identification of predictors of complications that lead to nonelective removal of PICCs would allow for the initiation of preventive strategies to improve the quality of care.

Aim:

To identify predictors of nonelective removal of PICCs in neonates.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study with a sample of 524 PICC lines inserted in 436 neonates admitted to a tertiary-level NICU of a Brazilian hospital. Data were collected on all neonates between August 31, 2010, and August 30, 2012. Neonates were monitored daily from insertion of the catheter until its removal. Bivariate analysis and a logistic regression were conducted in order to identify predictors of nonelective removal.

Results:

A diagnosis of a transitory metabolic disorder (hypoglycemia; disorders of calcium, magnesium, sodium, or potassium; or dehydration), previous PICC line insertion, insertion of dual-lumen polyurethane PICC, noncentral tip position, and multiple intravenous solutions in a single-lumen silicone PICC were predictors of nonelective removal of PICC lines.

Conclusion:

The avoidance of repeated PICC insertions, noncentral tip position, and placement of single-lumen silicone PICCs for administration of four or more intravenous solutions is suggested. Interventions should be explored that facilitate PICC insertion success and correct tip placement.
Ebookness
Authors: Rowberry Simon Peter
Published: July 2015

Since the mid-2000s, the ebook has stabilized into an ontologically distinct form, separate from PDFs and other representations of the book on the screen. The current article delineates the ebook from other emerging digital genres with recourse to the methodologies of platform studies and book history. The ebook is modelled as three concentric circles representing its technological, textual and service infrastructure innovations. This analysis reveals two distinct properties of the ebook: a simulation of the services of the book trade and an emphasis on user textual manipulation. The proposed model is tested with reference to comparative studies of several ebooks published since 2007 and defended against common claims of ebookness about other digital textual genres.
Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community
Authors: Kenny Lorcan , Hattersley Caroline , Molins Bonnie , Buckley Carole , Povey Carol , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

Recent public discussions suggest that there is much disagreement about the way autism is and should be described. This study sought to elicit the views and preferences of UK autism community members – autistic people, parents and their broader support network – about the terms they use to describe autism. In all, 3470 UK residents responded to an online survey on their preferred ways of describing autism and their rationale for such preferences. The results clearly show that people use many terms to describe autism. The most highly endorsed terms were ‘autism’ and ‘on the autism spectrum’, and to a lesser extent, ‘autism spectrum disorder’, for which there was consensus across community groups. The groups disagreed, however, on the use of several terms. The term ‘autistic’ was endorsed by a large percentage of autistic adults, family members/friends and parents but by considerably fewer professionals; ‘person with autism’ was endorsed by almost half of professionals but by fewer autistic adults and parents. Qualitative analysis of an open-ended question revealed the reasons underlying respondents’ preferences. These findings demonstrate that there is no single way of describing autism that is universally accepted and preferred by the UK’s autism community and that some disagreements appear deeply entrenched.
Public Understanding of Visual Representations of Uncertainty in Temperature Forecasts
Authors: Tak Susanne , Toet Alexander , van Erp Jan
Published: July 2015

Multiday weather forecasts often include graphical representations of uncertainty. However, visual representations of probabilistic events are often misinterpreted by the general public. Although various uncertainty visualizations are now in use, the parameters that determine their successful deployment are still unknown. At the same time, a correct understanding of possible weather forecast outcomes will enable the public to make better decisions and will increase their trust in these predictions. We investigated the effects of the visual form and width of temperature forecast visualizations with uncertainty on estimates of the probability that the temperature could exceed a given value. The results suggest that people apply an internal model of the uncertainty distribution that closely resembles a normal distribution, which confirms previous findings. Also, the visualization type appears to affect the applied internal model, in particular the probability estimates of values outside the depicted uncertainty range. Furthermore, we find that perceived uncertainty does not necessarily map linearly to visual features, as identical relative positions to the range are being judged differently depending on the width of the uncertainty range. Finally, the internal model of the uncertainty distribution is related to participants’ numeracy. We include some implications for makers or designers of uncertainty visualizations.
Numerical investigations of hydrodynamic performance of hydrofoils with leading-edge protuberances
Authors: Cai Chang , Zuo Zhigang , Liu Shuhong , Wu Yulin
Published: July 2015

Leading-edge protuberances on airfoils or hydrofoils have been considered as a viable passive method for flow separation control recently. In this article, the hydrodynamic performance of a NACA 634-021 (baseline) foil and two modified foils with leading-edge protuberances was numerically investigated using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. It was found that modified foils performed worse than the baseline foil at pre-stall angles, while the lift coefficients at high angles of attack of the modified foils were increased. Both the deterioration of pre-stall and the improvement of post-stall performance were enhanced with larger amplitude of protuberance. Near-wall flow visualizations showed that the leading-edge protuberances worked in pairs at high angles of attack, producing different forms of streamwise vortices. An attached flow along some valley sections was observed, leading to a higher local lift coefficient at post-stall angles. The leading-edge protuberances were considered as sharing a similar mechanism as delta wings, increasing nonlinear lift at large angles of attack. The specific stall characteristics of this leading-edge modification could provide some guidelines for the design of some special hydrofoils or airfoils.
Study on double-shaft mixing paddle undergoing planetary motion in the laminar flow mixing system
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Li Xiwen , He Ruibo , Liang Jian
Published: July 2015

This article has studied the impact of double-shaft mixing paddle undergoing planetary motion on laminar flow mixing system using flow field visualization experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Digital image processing was conducted to analyze the mixing efficiency of mixing paddle in co-rotating and counter-rotating modes. It was found that the double-shaft mixing paddle undergoing planetary motion would not produce the isolated mixing regions in the laminar flow mixing system, and its mixing efficiency in counter-rotating modes was higher than that in co-rotating modes, especially at low rotating speed. According to the tracer trajectory experiment, it was found that the path line of the tracer in the flow field in co-rotating modes was distributed in the opposite direction to the path line in counter-rotating modes. Planetary motion of mixing paddle had stretching, shearing, and folding effects on the trajectory of the tracer. By means of computational fluid dynamics simulation, it was found that axial flows and tangential flows produced in co-rotating and counter-rotating modes have similar flow velocity but opposite flow directions. It is deduced from the distribution rule of axial flow, radial flow, and tangential flow in the flow field that axial flow is the main reason for causing different mixing efficiencies between co-rotating and counter-rotating modes.
Capacity building in physical activity and non-communicable disease prevention: a low-cost online training course can reach isolated practitioners
Authors: Engelen Lina , Bauman Adrian ,   the Physical Activity Network group, Bellew Bill , Caillaud Corinne , Merom Dafna , Singh Maria Fiatarone , Mackey Martin , Johnson Nathan , Davis Glen , Shirley Debra , Neubeck Lis , van der Ploeg Hidde , Kite James , Chau Josephine , Hardy Lou , Phongsavan Philayrath , Kummerfeld Bob , Williams Kerrod , Stevens Kayla
Published: July 2015

Physical inactivity is the fourth most important risk factor contributing to global non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths, occurring in high-, middle- and low-income countries. Building capacity in NCD prevention is a daunting task, and toward this end, an introductory open online course about physical activity (PA), exercise, and NCD prevention was developed. This was led by academics from the University of Sydney and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity. The course was designed to address the needs of participants from areas where geography and economy would often prevent them from participating in NCD training programs.

Around 120 participants from four continents signed up for the six-week online course, with the greatest numbers from the host country (Australia) followed by participants from Pacific Island nations and from the Middle East. The course consisted of video lectures, quizzes, and online discussions facilitated by experts.

More than a third of the participants fully completed the course, which received very positive participant evaluations. This also included completion of relevant quiz questions on each section of the PA course, and averaged over 70% correct responses.

This successful online course has the potential to increase knowledge and skills about PA and prevention, as part of building global capacity in NCD prevention at low cost, and importantly within easy reach of potentially isolated practitioners.
Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to Determine Patient Condition
Authors: Thomas Felicity , Signal Matthew , Chase J. Geoffrey
Published: July 2015

Patients admitted to critical care often experience dysglycemia and high levels of insulin resistance, various intensive insulin therapy protocols and methods have attempted to safely normalize blood glucose (BG) levels. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices allow glycemic dynamics to be captured much more frequently (every 2-5 minutes) than traditional measures of blood glucose and have begun to be used in critical care patients and neonates to help monitor dysglycemia. In an attempt to obtain a better insight relating biomedical signals and patient status, some researchers have turned toward advanced time series analysis methods. In particular, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) has been a topic of many recent studies in to glycemic dynamics. DFA investigates the “complexity” of a signal, how one point in time changes relative to its neighboring points, and DFA has been applied to signals like the inter-beat-interval of human heartbeat to differentiate healthy and pathological conditions. Analyzing the glucose metabolic system with such signal processing tools as DFA has been enabled by the emergence of high quality CGM devices. However, there are several inconsistencies within the published work applying DFA to CGM signals. Therefore, this article presents a review and a “how-to” tutorial of DFA, and in particular its application to CGM signals to ensure the methods used to determine complexity are used correctly and so that any relationship between complexity and patient outcome is robust.
Comparison of Subcutaneous Regular Insulin and Lispro Insulin in Diabetics Receiving Continuous Nutrition
Authors: Stull Mamie C. , Strilka Richard J. , Clemens Michael S. , Armen Scott B.
Published: July 2015

Background:

Optimal management of non–critically ill patients with diabetes maintained on continuous enteral feeding (CEN) is poorly defined. Subcutaneous (SQ) lispro and SQ regular insulin were compared in a simulated type 1 and type 2 diabetic patient receiving CEN.

Method:

A glucose-insulin feedback mathematical model was employed to simulate type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients on CEN. Each patient received 25 SQ injections of regular insulin or insulin lispro, ranging from 0-6 U. Primary endpoints were the change in mean glucose concentration (MGC) and change in glucose variability (GV); hypoglycemic episodes were also reported. The model was first validated against patient data.

Results:

Both SQ insulin preparations linearly decreased MGC, however, SQ regular insulin decreased GV whereas SQ lispro tended to increase GV. Hourly glucose concentration measurements were needed to capture the increase in GV. In the type 2 diabetic patient, “rebound hyperglycemia” occurred after SQ lispro was rapidly metabolized. Although neither SQ insulin preparation caused hypoglycemia, SQ lispro significantly lowered MGC compared to SQ regular insulin. Thus, it may be more likely to cause hypoglycemia. Analyses of the detailed glucose concentration versus time data suggest that the inferior performance of lispro resulted from its shorter duration of action. Finally, the effects of both insulin preparations persisted beyond their duration of actions in the type 2 diabetic patient.

Conclusions:

Subcutaneous regular insulin may be the short-acting insulin preparation of choice for this subset of diabetic patients. Clinical trial is required before a definitive recommendation can be made.
Factors predicting use of laxatives in outpatients stabilized on clozapine
Authors: Bailey Loren , Varma Seema , Ahmad Nina , Gee Siobhan , Taylor David M.
Published: July 2015

Constipation is a common and sometimes fatal side effect of clozapine treatment. In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with clozapine-induced constipation. Data on 202 outpatients stabilized on clozapine treatment were collected. Of these, 71 patients (35%) had a current prescription for laxatives (a proxy for the presence of constipation). Mean clozapine dose was 400.4 mg/day in those prescribed laxatives and 390.1 mg/day in those not prescribed laxatives ( p = 0.67), while mean clozapine plasma concentration was 0.53 mg/l and 0.49 mg/l, respectively ( p = 0.29). Patients using laxatives had on average 29% higher norclozapine concentrations (mean = 0.34 mg/l) than those who did not use laxatives (mean = 0.27 mg/l; p = 0.046). Laxative use was more common in female patients (49.1%) than male patients (29.1%; p < 0.01). Prescribers should be vigilant for constipation at any dose or plasma concentration of clozapine and should be mindful that male patients may be undertreated. Norclozapine concentrations may predict clozapine-induced constipation.
Institutionalizing Big Data methods in social and political research
Authors: Ahonen Pertti
Published: July 2015

We expect Big Data methods to contribute to research with results that are not inferior to those attained in other ways but possibly better, or hard or impossible to generate in other ways. Those who apply these methods may also aspire to augment the arsenal of research methods, offer surrogates for existing research designs, and re-orient research. Moreover, we can critically examine the institutional, societal and political effects of the Big Data methods and the conditions for the solid institutionalization of these methods in social and political research. To reach its primary objective, this article elaborates conclusions on how Big Data methods, not only by means of their ‘social life’ but also by their ‘political life’, may influence the institutionalization of social and political research. To reach its secondary objective, the article re-examines a study of budgetary legislation in 13 countries carried out by means of Big Data methods to draw conclusions concerning the augmentation of the arsenal of research methods, the surrogation of existing research designs, and the re-orientation of research.
Associations Between Shyness and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems During Emerging Adulthood in China
Authors: Nelson Larry J. , Lee Chien-Ti , Duan Xin xing
Published: July 2015

Research conducted in Western cultures such as the United States has shown that shyness is a risk factor in development. Much less is known, however, about the role of shyness during emerging adulthood in China. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between shyness and internalizing (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-harm) and externalizing (e.g., drinking, smoking, and illicit drugs) behaviors in emerging adults in China. Participants included 616 undergraduate students (368 men and 248 women). Results revealed that shyness was positively associated with higher levels of internalizing problems.
DNA vaccination for prostate cancer: key concepts and considerations
Authors: Cole Grace , McCaffrey Joanne , Ali Ahlam A. , McCarthy Helen O.
Published: July 2015

While locally confined prostate cancer is associated with a low five year mortality rate, advanced or metastatic disease remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals to treat and is usually terminal. As such, there is a need for the development of new, efficacious therapies for prostate cancer. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach where the host’s immune system is harnessed to mount an anti-tumour effect, and the licensing of the first prostate cancer specific immunotherapy in 2010 has opened the door for other immunotherapies to gain regulatory approval. Among these strategies DNA vaccines are an attractive option in terms of their ability to elicit a highly specific, potent and wide-sweeping immune response. Several DNA vaccines have been tested for prostate cancer and while they have demonstrated a good safety profile they have faced problems with low efficacy and immunogenicity compared to other immunotherapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the positive aspects of DNA vaccines for prostate cancer that have been assessed in preclinical and clinical trials thus far and examines the key considerations that must be employed to improve the efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines.
On contractive cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces and some related results on fuzzy best proximity points and fuzzy fixed points
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Roldán Antonio F , Agarwal Ravi P
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates some properties of cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces. The convergence of distances as well as that of sequences being generated as iterates defined by a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mapping to fuzzy best proximity points of (non-necessarily intersecting adjacent subsets) of the cyclic disposal is studied. An extension is given for the case when the images of the points of a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mappings restricted to a particular subset of the cyclic disposal are allowed to lie either in the same subset or in its next adjacent one.
A proteomic profiling of laser‐microdissected lung adenocarcinoma cells of early lepidic‐types
Authors: Kato Yasufumi , Nakamura Haruhiko , Tojo Hiromasa , Nomura Masaharu , Nagao Toshitaka , Kawamura Takeshi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko , Fehniger Thomas , Marko‐Varga György , Nishimura Toshihide , Kato Harubumi
Published: July 2015

Background

In the new pathologic classification of lung adenocarcinoma proposed by IASLC/ATS/ERS in 2011, lepidic type adenocarcinomas are constituted by three subtypes; adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (LPIA). Although these subtypes are speculated to show sequential progression from preinvasive lesion to invasive lung cancer, changes of protein expressions during these processes have not been fully studied yet. This study aims to glimpse a proteomic view of the early lepidic type lung adenocarcinomas.

Methods

A total of nine formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) lepidic type lung adenocarcinoma tissues were selected from our archives, three tissues each in AIS, MIA and LPIA. The tumor and peripheral non‐tumor cells in these FFPE tissues were collected with laser microdissection (LMD). Using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), protein compositions were compared with respect to the peptide separation profiles among tumors collected from three types of tissues, AIS, MIA and LPIA. Proteins identified were semi‐quantified by spectral counting‐based or identification‐based approach, and statistical evaluation was performed by pairwise G‐tests.

Results

A total of 840 proteins were identified. Spectral counting‐based semi‐quantitative comparisons of all identified proteins through AIS to LPIA have revealed that the protein expression profile of LPIA was significantly differentiated from other subtypes. 70 proteins including HPX, CTTN, CDH1, EGFR, MUC1 were found as LPIA‐type marker candidates, 15 protein candidates for MIA‐type marker included CRABP2, LMO7, and RNPEP, and 26 protein candidates for AIS‐type marker included LTA4H and SOD2. The STRING gene set enrichment resulted from the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested that AIS was rather associated with pathways of focal adhesion, adherens junction, tight junction, that MIA had a strong association predominantly with pathways of proteoglycans in cancer and with PI3K‐Akt. In contrast, LPIA was associated broadly with numerous tumor‐progression pathways including ErbB, Ras, Rap1 and HIF‐1 signalings.

Conclusions

The proteomic profiles obtained in this study demonstrated the technical feasibility to elucidate protein candidates differentially expressed in FFPE tissues of LPIA. Our results may provide candidates of disease‐oriented proteins which may be related to mechanisms of the early‐stage progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
Towards high resolution ceramic series for production site studies: the case of Loron amphorae (Croatia, 1st–3rd c. A.D.)
Authors: Machut Pierre , Ben Amara Ayed , Cantin Nadia , Chapoulie Rémy , Frèrebeau Nicolas , Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier , Marion Yolande , Tassaux Francis
Published: July 2015

Background

From the 1st to the 3rd centuries A.D., the territory of Istria (present-day Croatia) was a prominent area of olive oil production. Archaeologists have identified the so-called Dressel 6B amphora as the main container used in the transport and trade of this oil. So far archaeology and epigraphy have helped identify probable sources of production and two workshops in Istria, and have also allowed the reconstruction of main trade routes through the identification of stamped amphorae. However, much less is known about the organization of the production of these ceramic containers, which may have been conducted on an almost industrial scale. This preliminary study demonstrates how chemical analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) may address this question and provide new answers and avenues of inquiry.

Results

Our study of 53 amphorae, produced during two important periods in the history of the workshop of Loron, has evidenced that even in chronologically closely related contexts of production chemical analysis could significantly separate samples according to production groups.

Conclusions

This result constitutes a very important first step towards a thorough study of the entire production history of the workshop, involving the creation of a comprehensive geochemical reference group comprising several hundred samples. This in turn will enable us to address an array of hypotheses concerning the economy and ecology of this production site, which are briefly presented in the article. The application of this methodology to the whole corpus of Istrian amphorae is then advocated in light of this study.
Theoretical Study of Surface Complexes between TiO2 and HeteroTCNQs Showing Interfacial Charge-Transfer Transitions Designed Based on Redox Potential
Authors: Shimoda Yuhei , Jono Ryota , Segawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Koichi
Published: June 2015

TiO2–heteroTCNQ surface complexes between TiO2 and 2,5-bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydrofuran, 2,5-bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydrothiophene, and 2,5-bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydroselenophene (furanTCNQ, thiopheneTCNQ, and selenopheneTCNQ, respectively) were designed using the redox potential of heteroTCNQ molecules. The tendency of the calculated redox potentials was in good agreement with the experimental results. We assumed the chemical adsorption structure of the TiO2–heteroTCNQ surface complexes that formed an O–C bond as well as that of previously reported TiO2–TCNQ surface complex. These surface complexes showed light absorption in the visible to near-IR region via interfacial charge-transfer transitions at longer wavelengths, as assessed using a TD-DFT calculation. This indicates that these surface complexes, as well as the TiO2–TCNQ surface complex, are applicable to the development of solar cells.
Winning, Motivational Climate, and Young Athletes' Competitive Experiences: Some Notable Sex Differences
Authors: Breiger Joshua , Cumming Sean P. , Smith Ronald E. , Smoll Frank
Published: July 2015

Is winning everything? We investigated the importance of team success and motivational climate on male and female athletes' evaluative reactions to their athletic experience. Seasonal won-lost record had a less pervasive influence on athletes' reactions than coaching behaviors. Notable sex differences were observed, with winning exhibiting stronger relations to attitudes for boys than girls. Although boys and girls responded positively to mastery climates, girls responded negatively to ego climates. Extreme-groups analyses of athletes experiencing strong mastery or ego climates revealed that winning was minimally related to evaluative reactions within a strong mastery climate. In boys, however, enjoyment playing on the team and liking for the coach/teammates were strongly related to winning percentage if they experienced an ego climate. Results are interpreted within the context of a “goodness of fit” of both winning and ego climate to previously reported sex differences in sport socialization and in personality and motivational factors.
Accelerating Skill Acquisition in Rowing Using Self-Based Observational Learning and Expert Modelling during Performance
Authors: Anderson Ross , Campbell Mark J.
Published: July 2015

The use of real-time feedback combining concurrent self-observation with real-time expert modelling (REM) was assessed in accelerating skill acquisition in rowing. The feedback combines a live video feed (concurrent self-observation) with a pre-recorded video of an expert (REM). Sixteen volunteers participated (20.8±1.7 years; Experimental group (E; n=8); Control group (C; n=8)). Technique (stroke length & stroke rate) and rowing outcome (overall distance & average power) data were obtained pre and post a seven-week intervention. Results illustrate significant changes in all parameters for Group E. Group C demonstrated significant changes in technique and no significant differences in outcome. The results indicate combining concurrent self-observation with REM has a positive effect on accelerating skill acquisition by enhancing outcome.
Snatch Trajectory of Elite Level Girevoy (Kettlebell) Sport Athletes and its Implications to Strength and Conditioning Coaching
Authors: Ross James A. , Wilson Cameron J. , Keogh Justin W.L. , Ho Kuok Wai , Lorenzen Christian
Published: July 2015

Girevoy sport (GS) has developed only recently in the West, resulting in a paucity of English scientific literature available. The aim was to document kettlebell trajectory of GS athletes performing the kettlebell snatch. Four elite GS athletes (age = 29–47 years, body mass = 68.3–108.1 kg, height 1.72–1.89 m) completed one set of 16 repetitions with a 32.1 kg kettlebell Trajectory was captured with the VICON motion analysis system (250 Hz) and analysed with VICON Nexus (1.7.1). The kettlebell followed a ‘C’ shape trajectory in the sagittal plane. Mean peak velocity in the upwards phase was 4.03 ± 0.20 m s−1, compared to 3.70 ± 0.30 m s−1 during the downwards phase, and mean radial error across the sagittal and frontal planes was 0.022 ± 0.006 m. Low error in the movement suggests consistent trajectory is important to reduce extraneous movement and improve efficiency. While the kettlebell snatch and swing both require large anterior-posterior motion, the snatch requires the kettlebell to be held stationary overhead. Therefore, a different coaching application is required to that of a barbell snatch.
Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and ‘persistence’ in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology
Authors: Kell Douglas , Potgieter Marnie , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: July 2015

For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically ‘nonculturable’ on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as ‘persisters’. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one’s bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
Mathematics Tournament as a Method to Demonstrate and to Enhance Learning Outcomes
Authors: �������  , Chiganov Andrey , ��������  , Krokhmal Svetlana
Published: July 2015

The paper shares the experience of interacting with Mathematics teachers and 5th�6th grade schoolchildren in order to obtain and demonstrate new

learning outcomes in mastering Mathematics by means of such a non-conventional technique, as Mathematics Tournament.

Recommendations are provided on how to organize and hold a regional mathematical tournament for 5th � 6th grade general school pupils. Preliminary

analysis of mathematical tournament pilot approbation in the Krasnoyarsk Krai is done. Educational organizations can use tournament results

to improve methods of mathematics teaching, while various municipal and regional executive authorities responsible for public administration in the

educational sphere can find tournament results useful for evaluation of current situation in municipal and regional educational systems and initiation

of programs of their further development.
Assessment of Soil St ructural Stability Under Different Land Uses Using Some Predictive Indices in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwite J
Published: July 2015

This study was carried out in order to assess soil structural stability under different land uses using predictive indices. Different land uses of forest land, cattle paddock, fallow land and continuously cultivated farmland were carefully identified within Abakaliki agroecology. Auger and core soil samples were collected at five sampling points using free survey technique in each land use. Core soil samples were used to determine predictive indices of bulk density, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Auger soil samples were bulked and used for determination of mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate stability, dispersion ratio and particle size distribution. Data obtained were subjected to coefficient of variation (CV) analysis and standard deviation. Results showed that sand and clay fractions had little variation (%CV<7-8) but silt fraction varied moderately (%CV >28). Furthermore, bulk density, mean weight diameter, aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity were highly varied (%CV >112-245), total porosity had moderate variation (%CV >30) and dispersion ratio, high variation (%CV >80), respectively. The different land uses are generally rated according to their performance in their structural stability using the predictive indices as forestland>cattle paddock>fallow land>farmland. It is recommended that the practice of forestry, grazing, fallowing and other management practices which encourage formation and stabilization of soil structural stability be adopted for sustenance of higher soil productivity.
Accuracy and Precision of Magat Gel As a Dosimeter
Authors: Razak Nik , Rahman Azhar , Kandaiya Sivamany , Mustafa Iskandar , Yahaya Nor , Mahmoud Amer , Maizan Ramzun
Published: July 2015

Polymer gel dosimeter is a radiation sensitive chemical dosimeter that can measure 3 D dose distribution with high resolution. Due to the increasing complexity of radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery, accurate experimental radiation dosimetry plays an important role in the implementation and quality assurance of new treatment techniques. A polymer gel dosimeter must possess several important characteristics of a dosimeter to be able to measure absorbed dose precisely. two important dosimetric properties of a dosimeter were determined in this study; accuracy and precision. The MAGAT gels were made of 5% gelatin, 6% methacrylic acid and 10 mM tetrakis-hydroxy-methyl-phosphonium chloride (THPC). The irradiation of MAGAT gel was performed by 6-MV photon beam at a dose range 1 to 10 Gy and was imaged by 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The dose response of MAGAT gel dosimeter was obtained from spin-spin relaxation rate (R2) of MRI signal. The accuracy of MAGAT gel dosimeter has a range within 4% for doses greater than and equal to 3 Gy. The reproducibility of the MAGAT gel dosimeter at one irradiation was less than 1% whilst the long term reproducibility was within 3% over the five month period. For temporal stability, the dose sensitivity of MAGAT gel dosimeter irradiate at 1 to 11 days post-manufacturing decreased over time. While the dose sensitivity imaged at 1 to 9 days post-irradiation increased up to 4 days post-irradiation and subsequently starts decreasing after 4 days till 9 days. From the study of two dosimetric properties, MAGAT gel dosimeter shows a great dose response with a superior dose response. Thus the MAGAT gel dosimeter can be apply as a 3 D radiotherapy dosimeter.
Review on Piezoelectric Materials as Thin Films with their Applications
Authors: Palshikar Ajay , Sharma N. N
Published: July 2015

Piezoelectric Materials have played a pivotal role in the progress of Science and Technology since the First World War, being used historically as naturally occurring transducer for precise measurement or to transform energy from one form to the other while currently being used in the MEMS domain for sensing or energy harvesting. Thus this paper reviews piezoelectric materials and their applications in MEMS as thin films by categorizing the known materials in 3 types namely Naturally Occurring Materials, Piezoelectric Ceramics and Piezoelectric Polymers. Piezoelectric constants of the above mentioned materials are also enlisted.
Implementation of a tool to enhance evidence-informed decision making in public health: identifying barriers and facilitating factors
Authors: van der Heide Iris , van der Noordt Maaike , Proper Karin I , Schoemaker Casper , van den Berg Matthijs , Hamberg-van Reenen Heleen H
Published: July 2015

One of the barriers regarding evidence-informed decision making is the gap between the needs of policy makers and the ways researchers present evidence. This pilot study evaluates the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a tool to enhance transparent and unambiguous communication on scientific evidence by knowledge workers. Therefore, mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were applied. The results indicate that to promote successful implementation of such a tool, efforts should be undertaken to provide time and guidance on how to adapt routines and on how to apply the tool to various products.
Neuroscience and Modern Fiction
Authors: Burn Stephen J.
Published: June 2015

Introducing a special issue on neuroscience and modern fiction, this essay surveys current work on literature and brain research, outlining the issue’s structure and guiding philosophy. To map out what is at stake in such readings, the introduction offers a sustained reading of Don DeLillo’s Ratner’s Star , placing it into a larger social and historical context that reveals its extensive engagement with (often popular) neuroscientific source material. This reading provides an entry point into a consideration of the asymmetrical historical distribution of cognitive literary studies, especially their comparative neglect of post-1900 fiction, and sets the scene for the essays that follow.
Once upon a Mind: Literary and Narrative Studies in the Age of Cognitive Science
Authors: Richardson Alan
Published: June 2015

The two books under review, Paul Armstrong’s How Literature Plays with the Brain and David Herman’s Storytelling and the Sciences of the Mind , provide an opportunity to assess the claims and significance of cognitive literary studies some fifteen years after its emergence as an identifiable interdisciplinary field.
The Cognitive Literary Theory of Richard Powers’s Galatea 2.2
Authors: Chapman Wes
Published: June 2015

By detailing the efforts of a cognitive scientist and a writer to develop a connectionist computer capable of reading and commenting on literature, Richard Powers's Galatea 2.2 develops a sophisticated cognitive literary theory. At the same time, it represents postmodernist or poststructuralist theory in dismissive yet evasive terms. Thus the novel takes a double stance: while the novel's cognitive theory undercuts the poststructuralist model of language, it affirms or parallels some poststructuralist views of truth, meaning, and human nature.
Interspecies Limbic Love: Jane Smiley’s Horse Heaven
Authors: Bardsley Alyson
Published: June 2015

Jane Smiley’s novel Horse Heaven (2000) has a complex relationship to contemporary popular brain science. Specifically, it engages with neurobiological theories of affect dysregulation and the possibility of non-conscious, brain-to-brain repair of such dysregulation, extending that possibility even to human-animal relationships. Yet it also, via characterization and figurative language, points to the need for skeptical, specifically feminist, critique of such theories.
Neuromodernism: Diagnosis and Disability in Will Self’s Umbrella
Authors: Gaedtke Andrew
Published: June 2015

Will Self’s novel Umbrella (2012) contributes to a growing body of contemporary fiction that reactivates modernist narrative techniques in order to render the phenomenology of neurological disorders. In its return to the scenes of modernism, Umbrella casts doubt on successive psychiatric frameworks of diagnosis and treatment; these doubts correspond to similar dissatisfactions recently articulated within literary studies toward inherited critical methods. This article explores this recent turn in both fiction and interpretation away from strong theory and argues that the novel neither universalizes nor minoritizes but rather historicizes the lived worlds of neurological disability.
Christian Science versus the Rest Cure in Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden
Authors: Stiles Anne
Published: June 2015

In The Secret Garden (1911), Frances Hodgson Burnett presented Christian Science as an alternative to the popular rest cure invented by Philadelphia neurologist Silas Weir Mitchell. Burnett, who underwent several unsuccessful rest cures for her depression, eventually turned to Christian Science, aspects of which surface in The Secret Garden . The novel's child protagonist, Mary Lennox, stands in for charismatic leader Mary Baker Eddy. Mary rehabilitates her reclusive uncle and her cousin Colin, a bedridden hysteric. By showing a young female healer curing hysterical males, Burnett inverted the gender politics of the rest cure and contradicted its key principles.