bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COF‐based single Li+ solid electrolyte accelerates the ion diffusion and restrains dendrite growth in quasi‐solid‐state organic batteries
Authors: Zhao Genfu , Mei Zhiyuan , Duan Lingyan , An Qi , Yang Yongxin , Zhang Conghui , Tan Xiaoping , Guo Hong
Published: July 2022

A solid‐state electrolyte (SSE), which is a solid ionic conductor and electron‐insulating material, is known to play a crucial role in adapting a lithium metal anode to a high‐capacity cathode in a solid‐state battery. Among the various SSEs, the single Li‐ion conductor has advantages in terms of enhancing the ion conductivity, eliminating interfacial side reactions, and broadening the electrochemical window. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are optimal platforms for achieving single Li‐ion conduction behavior because of well‐ordered one‐dimensional channels and precise chemical modification features. Herein, we study in depth three types of Li‐carboxylate COFs (denoted LiOOC‐COFn, n = 1, 2, and 3) as single Li‐ion conducting SSEs. Benefiting from well‐ordered directional ion channels, the single Li‐ion conductor LiOOC‐COF3 shows an exceptional ion conductivity of 1.36 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and a high transference number of 0.91. Moreover, it shows excellent electrochemical performance with long‐term cycling, high‐capacity output, and no dendrites in the quasi‐solid‐state organic battery, with the organic small molecule cyclohexanehexone (C6O6) as the cathode and the Li metal as the anode, and enables effectively avoiding dissolution of the organic electrode by the liquid electrolyte.
Insights into foundational therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: McMurray John J. V. , Docherty Kieran F.
Published: July 2022

In this review, we discuss what is meant by “foundational” therapy for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and the evidence supporting the use of the five agents that comprise this group of drugs i.e., sacubitril/valsartan, a beta‐blocker, an aldosterone or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. We review the conventional approach to sequencing these therapies in HFrEF and proposed new rapid sequencing strategies. We review a recent modelling study suggesting the optimal sequence of treatment includes a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and an MRA as the first two therapies. Finally, we review the important opportunity offered by hospitalization for worsening heart failure to initiate and optimize foundational therapies in patients at high risk of early adverse outcomes.
Complex IgE sensitization patterns in ragweed allergic patients: Implications for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy
Authors: Buzan Maria‐Roxana , Zbîrcea Lauriana‐Eunice , Gattinger Pia , Babaev Elijahu , Stolz Frank , Valenta Rudolf , Păunescu Virgil , Panaitescu Carmen , Chen Kuan‐Wei
Published: July 2022

Background

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is one of the most important allergen sources, worldwide, causing severe respiratory allergic reactions in late summer and fall, in sensitized patients. Amb a 1 has been considered as the most important allergen in ragweed but 12 ragweed pollen allergens are known. The aim of our study was to investigate IgE reactivity profiles of ragweed allergic patients and to associate them with clinical symptoms.

Methods

IgE sensitization profiles from clinically well‐characterized ragweed allergic patients (n = 150) were analyzed using immunoblotted ragweed pollen extract. Immunoblot inhibition experiments were performed with two Amb a 1 isoforms and CCD markers and basophil activation experiments were performed with IgE serum before and after depletion of Amb a 1‐specific IgE.

Results

By IgE‐immunoblotting 19 different IgE reactivity patterns with and without Amb a 1‐sensitization were found. The majority of patients (>95%) suffered from rhino‐conjunctivitis, around 60% reported asthma‐like symptoms and about 25% had skin reactions. Patients with complex IgE sensitization profiles tended to have more clinical symptoms. Serum with and without Amb a 1‐specific IgE induced basophil activation.

Conclusions

Ragweed pollen allergic patients exhibit complex IgE reactivity profiles to ragweed allergens including Amb a 1 isoforms and cross‐reactive carbohydrates indicating the importance of Amb a 1 isoforms and additional allergens for diagnosis and allergen‐specific immunotherapy of ragweed allergy.
The critical need to implement and utilize patient‐reported measures of function in cancer care delivery
Authors: Fu Jack B. , Stout Nicole L. , Egleston Brian L.
Published: July 2022

LAY SUMMARY

The study by Smith et al. on the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cancer Function Brief 3D Profile shows that it can be used to measure how an individual functions and how his or her function changes during cancer treatments.

This is important because most patients will experience a decline in function during cancer treatment and will struggle to fully participate in their life roles.

Strong evidence demonstrates that rehabilitation improves function for individuals with cancer; rehabilitation is relatively underutilized.

We suggest that using the PROMIS tool as a repeated measure throughout cancer treatment will help to identify those with functional decline who will benefit most from rehabilitation.
Recurrent vincristine‐associated fever in a child with Wilms tumor
Authors: Al‐Antary Eman T. , Ramiz Sarah
Published: July 2022

Background

Fever is a common complaint among children with an underlying oncologic diagnosis, especially during chemotherapy courses and periods of neutropenia. Chemotherapy‐induced fever is well described in relation to specific chemotherapy agents. However, fever induced by vincristine (VCR) has only been rarely reported.

Case

We describe a case of a 5‐year‐old female with stage III Wilms tumor who had recurrent VCR‐associated fever that was controlled with prophylactic dexamethasone and acetaminophen.

Conclusion

In patients developing recurrent fever following chemotherapy with VCR, febrile allergic reaction and prophylactic treatment should be considered after exhaustion of appropriate investigations.
Fast‐Charging Strategies for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Jingteng , Song Congying , Li Guoxing
Published: July 2022

Rapid development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) enables the sufficient driving range of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the slow charging speed restricts the popularization of EVs. Commitment to fast‐charging research is considered to be the key to advance the EVs strategy. This Review discusses the kinetic factors limiting the fast‐charging capability at the material aspects, and summarizes the recent research strategies to achieve fast‐charging performance of high‐energy‐density LIBs through electrode engineering, electrolyte design, and interface optimization. The increasingly important role of computational tools and advanced characterization techniques in fundamentally understanding the failure mechanism of LIBs is emphasized, and the analysis of the thermal runaway problem in the fast‐charging process and the corresponding thermal optimization scheme is also involved to give the guidance for the more rational battery design. In view of these factors and strategies, some future perspectives for realizing high‐performance fast‐charging LIBs are proposed, which are expected to facilitate the large‐scale application of fast‐charging LIBs in EVs.
Co‐Culture of Human Primary Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal Liver Cells in the Emulate® Liver‐Chip for the Study of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Shi Qiang , Arefin Ayesha , Ren Lijun , Papineau Katy S. , Barnette Dustyn A. , Schnackenberg Laura K. , Hawes Jessica J. , Avigan Mark , Mendrick Donna L. , Ewart Lorna , Ronxhi Janey
Published: July 2022

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant public health issue, but standard animal tests and clinical trials sometimes fail to predict DILI due to species differences and the relatively low number of human subjects involved in preapproval studies of a new drug, respectively. In vitro models have long been used to aid DILI prediction, with primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) being generally considered the gold standard. However, despite many efforts and decades of work, traditional culture methods have been unsuccessful in either fully preserving essential liver functions after isolation of PHHs or in emulating interactions between PHHs and hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), both of which are essential for the development of DILI under in vivo conditions. Recently, various liver‐on‐a‐chip (Liver‐Chip) systems have been developed to co‐culture hepatocytes and NPCs in a three‐dimensional environment on microfluidic channels, enabling better maintenance of primary liver cells and thus improved DILI prediction. The Emulate® Liver‐Chip is a commercially available system that can recapitulate some in vivo DILI responses associated with certain compounds whose liver safety profile cannot be accurately evaluated using conventional approaches involving PHHs or animal models due to a lack of innate immune responses or species‐dependent toxicity, respectively. Here, we describe detailed procedures for the use of Emulate® Liver‐Chips for co‐culturing PHHs and NPCs for the purpose of DILI evaluation. First, we describe the procedures for preparing the Liver‐Chip. We then outline the steps needed for sequential seeding of PHHs and NPCs in the prepared Liver‐Chips. Lastly, we provide a protocol for utilizing cells maintained in perfusion culture in the Liver‐Chips to evaluate DILI, using acetaminophen as an example. In all, use of this system and the procedures described here allow better preservation of the functions of human primary liver cells, resulting in an improved in vitro model for DILI assessment. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Liver‐Chip preparation

Basic Protocol 2: Seeding primary human hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells on Liver‐Chips

Basic Protocol 3: Perfusion culture for the study of acetaminophen‐induced liver injury
Exploring Manually Curated Annotations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins with DisProt
Authors: Quaglia Federica , Hatos András , Salladini Edoardo , Piovesan Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C. E.
Published: July 2022

DisProt is the major repository of manually curated data for intrinsically disordered proteins collected from the literature. Although lacking a stable three‐dimensional structure under physiological conditions, intrinsically disordered proteins carry out a plethora of biological functions, some of them directly arising from their flexible nature. A growing number of scientific studies have been published during the last few decades to shed light on their unstructured state, their binding modes, and their functions. DisProt makes use of a team of expert biocurators to provide up‐to‐date annotations of intrinsically disordered proteins from the literature, making them available to the scientific community. Here we present a comprehensive description on how to use DisProt in different contexts and provide a detailed explanation of how to explore and interpret manually curated annotations of intrinsically disordered proteins. We describe how to search DisProt annotations, both using the web interface and the API for programmatic access. Finally, we explain how to visualize and interpret a DisProt entry, the SARS‐CoV‐2 Nucleoprotein, characterized by the presence of unstructured N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions and a flexible linker. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Performing a search in DisProt

Support Protocol 1: Downloading options

Support Protocol 2: Programmatic access with DisProt REST API

Basic Protocol 2: Exploring the DisProt Ontology page

Basic Protocol 3: Visualizing and interpreting DisProt entries–the SARS‐CoV‐2 Nucleoprotein use case
Environmental, social and governance, corporate social responsibility, and stock returns: What are the short‐ and long‐Run relationships?
Authors: Feng Gen‐Fu , Long Han , Wang Hai‐Jie , Chang Chun‐Ping
Published: July 2022

What are the relationships between corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and stock returns? Existing research has affirmed the impact of ESG or CSR on stock returns, but the discussion on the cointegration relationship among these three variables is still insufficient. Therefore, we use panel data of ESG ratings, CSR scores, and annual stock returns of 684 Chinese‐listed companies from 2011 to 2020 to verify the relationship between the variables through panel CADF and Westerlund tests. Meanwhile, we use PMG estimation to find that, in the long run, CSR significantly promotes the improvement of corporate stock returns, but ESG hurts the stock returns of most corporates. Further research proves that the impact of ESG on stock returns closely relates to corporate profitability. Our findings provide valuable policy implications for both developing and semi‐efficient market countries to help them improve their ESG and CSR performance.
Energy hole mitigation through optimized cluster head selection and strategic routing in Internet of Underwater Things
Authors: Gupta Swati , Singh Niraj Pratap
Published: July 2022

Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) comprises various resource‐constrained sensor nodes; therefore, the routing followed in acoustic medium underwater should be energy efficient to preserve their energies. Due to large area covered in the scenarios of underwater, the multi‐hop communication leads to energy hole problem. Therefore, Energy hole mitigation through Optimized Cluster Head (CH) selection and Strategic Routing (EOCSR) in IoUT is proposed in this paper. The proposed work not only optimizes CH selection using Tunicate Swarm Algorithm but also incorporates strategic routing to address energy hole problem. The simulation results show that EOCSR improves stability and lifetime of network by 16.8% and 17.7%, as compared with recently proposed Moth Flame Optimization‐based routing method.
Sensorimotor development of male and female rats subjected to neonatal anoxia
Authors: Kumar Amrita Jha , Helou Ammir Yacoub , Petrucelli Bruna Arruda , Xavier Gilberto Fernando , Martins Daniel Oliveira , Chacur Marucia , Nogueira Maria Inês
Published: July 2022

Neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most important reasons for morbidity and mortality in term‐born infants. HIE impacts early somatic, neurological, and motor development including social. To illustrate the damages in the sensorimotor system, an adapted and validated model of neonatal anoxia is used. This study evaluated the sex differences in Wistar rats, neurological reflex, and motor development at the suckling period. Short‐ and long‐term impairments associated with sex differences were observed. In general, anoxic males were more affected in comparison to their control group and to anoxic females. Long‐lasting effects of the injury in adolescent rats predominately affected males. Similar to previous studies, we also found a decrease in the number of the substantia nigra cells in both sexes, compared to their control. So far, the results indicate that HIE caused neurobehavioral alterations and asymmetrical motor behavior with brain damage, possibly related to cognitive impairments previously observed at adolescence. These alterations may represent a useful endpoint for studying the efficacy of potential strategies that may improve the developmental consequences of a perinatal asphyxia insult in humans.
An efficient early‐pooling protocol for environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Ushio Masayuki , Furukawa Saori , Murakami Hiroaki , Masuda Reiji , Nagano Atsushi J.
Published: July 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, a method that applies high‐throughput sequencing and universal primer sets to eDNA analysis, has been a promising approach for efficient, comprehensive biodiversity monitoring. However, significant money‐, labor‐, and time‐costs are still required for performing eDNA metabarcoding. In this study, we assessed the performance of an “early‐pooling” protocol (a protocol based on 1st PCR tagging) to reduce the experimental costs of library preparation for eDNA metabarcoding. Specifically, we performed three experiments to investigate the effects of 1st PCR‐tagging and 2nd PCR‐indexing protocols on the community composition revealed by eDNA metabarcoding, the effects of post‐1st PCR exonuclease purification on tag jumping (corresponds to index hopping in 2nd PCR indexing), and the effects of the number of PCR replicates and the eDNA template volume on the number of detected OTUs. Analyses of 204 eDNA libraries from three natural aquatic ecosystems and one mock eDNA sample showed that (i) 1st PCR tagging does not cause clear biases in the outcomes of eDNA metabarcoding, (ii) post‐1st PCR exonuclease purification reduces the risk of tag jumping, and (iii) increasing the eDNA template volume may increase the number of detected OTUs and reduce variations in the detected community compositions, similar to increasing the number of 1st PCR replicates. Our results show that an early‐pooling protocol with post‐1st PCR exonuclease purification and an increased amount of the DNA template reduces the risk of tag jumping, the costs for consumables and reagents (except for many tagged 1st PCR primers), and the handling time in library preparation, and produces similar results to a 2nd PCR‐indexing protocol. Therefore, once a target metabarcoding region is selected and a set of tagged‐1st PCR primers is prepared, the early‐pooling protocol provides a cost, labor, and time‐efficient approach for processing a large number of samples.
Industrial Energy Efficiency
Authors: de Ramos Kevin Monte
Published: July 2022

As we enter the post‐pandemic period, the United Nations' first priority related to sustainable development is to facilitate a green transition, whereby “investments must accelerate the decarbonization of all aspects of our economy.” A 2009 study conducted by The Rocky Mountain Institute stated that “The role that energy efficiency has historically played in the US is generally under appreciated. If energy productivity had remained constant since 1970, the US would have consumed 207.3 quadrillion BTUs in 2007 when it actually consumed only 101.6 quads. In other words, the US consumed less than half of what was projected.” While changes in the economy contributed to the reduction in energy usage, Metcalf concluded that energy efficiency was responsible for 65 percent to 75 percent of the productivity improvement since 1970.
Materials for evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic technology
Authors: Zheng Chunxiao , Chu Weicun , Fang Sunmiao , Tan Jin , Wang Xiaofan , Guo Wanlin
Published: July 2022

Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth, absorbing more than 70% of the solar energy received by the earth's surface, yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern. The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms (raindrops, waves, flows, moisture, and natural evaporation). Especially, the evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work, which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects. A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic devices (EHDs) in recent years. However, there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance. Herein, we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials, including carbon materials, biomass‐based materials, metal oxides, composite materials, and others. We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design, surface modification, and interface treatment. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation, sensors, and desalination technology, as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.
Zombie enterprises, crowding out effect, and total factor productivity: Empirical evidence from Chinese manufacturing listed companies
Authors: Shao Wei , Sun Yangyang , Bai Xiao , Naeem Muhammad Abubakr , Taghizadeh‐Hesary Farhad
Published: July 2022

Due to special historical factors and government preferences, many zombie enterprises with subsidies and credit as the main source of income can be maintained in China. Zombie enterprises damage the fair position of market players and cause irreparable damage to the market mechanism, with efficiency as the core. This study chooses factor productivity as the starting point and uses the financial data of listed manufacturing companies from 2008 to 2016 as the sample to explore and evaluate the damage of zombie enterprises to the production efficiency of the Chinese market. The main contributions of this study are as follows. First, zombie enterprises in listed companies are identified by a comprehensive identification method. Second, the growth rate of the total factor productivity of non‐zombie enterprises is measured by the DEA Malmquist index method, the crowding‐out effect of zombie enterprises on TFP growth of normal enterprises is studied, and the specific transmission path is analysed. The empirical results show that zombie enterprises have a significant inhibitory effect on the total factor productivity growth of non‐zombie enterprises, verifying our conjecture at the macro level. Finally, on the basis of theoretical and empirical analyses, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to help zombie enterprises clear up to promote the growth of total factor productivity of non‐zombie enterprises and the healthy development of the entire industry.
The macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policies in a commodity‐exporting economy: Evidence from Mongolia
Authors: Doojav Gan‐Ochir , Damdinjav Davaasukh
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policies in Mongolia, a developing and commodity‐exporting economy. Within a Bayesian structural vector autoregression framework, central bank balance sheet, policy rate, demand, and supply shocks are identified using a combination of sign and zero restrictions. An expansionary balance sheet shock stimulates bank lending and M2, decreases interest rate spread, leads to a depreciation of the domestic currency, and increases output and consumer prices. The estimated output and consumer price effects are qualitatively similar to the effects of conventional monetary policy, while the impacts on the exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves are different. We also find favourable evidence for the delayed overshooting response of the exchange rate to the balance sheet shock and reveal that financial friction amplifies the effects of demand and supply shocks on the Mongolian economy.
Early cervical cancer diagnosis using Sooty tern‐optimized CNN‐LSTM classifier
Authors: Chitra B. , Kumar S. S.
Published: July 2022

Detecting and categorizing Pap smear images automatically has been a difficult task over the past five decades. There is a significant need for the design and implementation of low‐cost, high‐efficiency screening systems. To address these issues, we have proposed a novel approach for cervical cancer classification. At first, each image is pre‐processed and cropped into 2043*1362 pixels. These images are separated into 681*681 pixels with six square patches. Image augmentation techniques such as image enhancement, image flipping, and image rotation are used to reduce the number of parameters necessary for subsequent processes. The cancer‐affected regions are correctly segmented with the help of kernel weighted fuzzy local information c‐means clustering (KWFLICM) model. The KWFLICM model mainly extracts the cytoplasm and nucleus present in the cell from the background region. The features of the cervical image are extracted using a convolution neural network (CNN), and these retrieved features, such as shape, color, and texture, are crucial for classification. Finally, the Sooty Tern Optimization (STO) algorithm with CNN‐based long short‐term memory classifier (CNN‐LSTM) identifies the four types of CC: normal, light dysplastic, severe dysplastic, and carcinoma. The images for the experiment were obtained from Herlev University Hospital in Denmark, and the software used for the implementation was MATLAB. According to the comparative analysis, the proposed CNN‐LSTM with STO algorithm demonstrates better results using various measures such as accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F‐score. Depending upon the experimental results, the proposed CNN‐LSTM with STO algorithm provides 99.80% accuracy, 99% specificity, 98.83% sensitivity, and 97.8 F‐score. The proposed methodology offers an improvement of 28.5% and 19.46% when compared with the random forest and ensemble classifier.
Framework for Operational Resilience in Engineering and System Test (FOREST) Part I: Methodology – Responding to “Security as a Functional Requirement”
Authors: McDermott Tom , Clifford Megan M. , Sherburne Tim , Horowitz Barry , Beling Peter A.
Published: July 2022

An end‐to‐end methodology for addressing cyber resilience as a development and test philosophy in a system is described. Although focused on cybersecurity, the methodology applies to any resilience concerns and features of a system. Resilience is a functional characteristic of a system, requiring a process to evaluate the function of different aspects of a system under attack or disruption. The result of this process is a set of functional requirements and functional views of cyber resilience processes in a model‐based systems engineering tool. The methodology consists of a meta‐process model called the Framework for Operational Resilience in Engineering and System Test (FOREST) and a reference architecture metamodel called Mission Aware. In practice these are used to make security and related resilience decisions in capability development using a standard, risk‐based approach for cybersecurity requirements development. Part I of this article describes the methodology and Part II presents its use in a case study of a fictional weapon system called Silverfish.
Inside Cover
Authors: Jiang Daohuai , Xu Yifei , Lan Hengrong , Shen Yuting , Zhang Yifan , Gao Feng , Liu Li , Gao Fei
Published: July 2022

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a novel biomedical imaging modality. An imaging size‐adjustable PAT system is proposed for potential clinical applications such as breast cancer detection and screening, which can adapt to imaging targets with various sizes. Four sectorial ultrasound transducer arrays are applied for photoacoustic signal detections. The simulation, phantom study and in‐vivo experiments have verified its feasibility and showed high potential to promote the PAT system for wider clinical applications with enhanced flexibility.

Further details can be found in the article by Daohuai Jiang, Yifei Xu, Hengrong Lan, Yuting Shen, Yifan Zhang, Feng Gao, Li Liu, and Fei Gao (e202200070)

image
Evodiamine inhibits stemness and metastasis by altering the SOX9–β‐catenin axis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Panda Munmun , Biswal Bijesh K.
Published: July 2022

Evodiamine (EVO), a natural dietary alkaloid extracted from the roots of the Evodia rutaecarpa, has shown anticancer activities. Here, we have investigated EVO's role in inhibiting cell proliferation and migration in A549 and NCI‐H522 lung cancer cells. EVO decreased the cell viability in A549 and NCI‐H522 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. It also induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and upregulating the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP. In addition, the treatment of EVO elevated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation inside the cells to induce the cell death pathways. In contrast, the pretreatment of ROS scavenger, N‐acetyl cysteine, reverses the effect of EVO and attenuates cell death. Moreover, excess ROS generation in response to EVO resulted in the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it induced DNA damage and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in A549 and NCI‐H522 cells. Our study also investigated that EVO significantly suppressed tumorigenicity by inhibiting colony formation and tumorsphere formation. However, the treatment of EVO downregulated the cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer. The inhibitory effect of EVO on cell invasion was mediated by altering the expression of E‐cadherin, ZO‐1, N‐cadherin, and Vimentin. Additionally, we have revealed that EVO treatment showed downregulation of SOX9, an upstream component of β‐catenin. Lastly, we have demonstrated that EVO targets the SOX9–β‐catenin axis by reducing SOX9 and β‐catenin expression. These findings suggested that EVO could be a promising agent for treating human lung cancer.
Homosalate boosts the release of tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles with protection against anchorage‐loss property
Authors: Grisard Eleonora , Nevo Nathalie , Lescure Aurianne , Doll Sebastian , Corbé Maxime , Jouve Mabel , Lavieu Gregory , Joliot Alain , Nery Elaine Del , Martin‐Jaular Lorena , Théry Clotilde
Published: July 2022

Eukaryotic cells, including cancer cells, secrete highly heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs could have different subcellular origin, composition and functional properties, but tools to distinguish between EV subtypes are scarce. Here, we tagged CD63‐ or CD9‐positive EVs secreted by triple negative breast cancer cells with Nanoluciferase enzyme, to set‐up a miniaturized method to quantify secretion of these two EV subtypes directly in the supernatant of cells. We performed a cell‐based high‐content screening to identify clinically‐approved drugs able to affect EV secretion. One of the identified hits is Homosalate, an anti‐inflammatory drug found in sunscreens which robustly increased EVs’ release. Comparing EVs induced by Homosalate with those induced by Bafilomycin A1, we demonstrate that: (1) the two drugs act on EVs generated in distinct subcellular compartments, and (2) EVs released by Homosalate‐, but not by Bafilomycin A1‐treated cells enhance resistance to anchorage loss in another recipient epithelial tumour cell line. In conclusion, we identified a new drug modifying EV release and demonstrated that under influence of different drugs, triple negative breast cancer cells release EV subpopulations from different subcellular origins harbouring distinct functional properties.
日本救急医学会 救急point–of–care超音波診療指針(Guidance for Clinical Practice using Emergency and Point–of–Care Ultrasonography)
Authors: (Committee for the Promotion of Point-of-Care Ultrasonograph 日本救急医学会Point-of-Care超音波推進委員会
Published: July 2022

超音波装置の小型化とベッドサイドへの普及により，超音波検査は救急現場で積極的に利用されるようになった。医療従事者がベッドサイドで観察範囲を絞り，臨床決断と侵襲的手技の質向上のために実施する超音波検査はpoint–of–care ultrasonography（POCUS）と呼ばれる。その概念は世界中で広く共有されるようになったが，本邦ではfocused assessment with sonography for trauma（FAST）と超音波ガイド下中心静脈穿刺を除き，POCUSに関する正式な指針はこれまで存在しなかった。日本救急医学会Point–of–Care超音波推進委員会では，POCUSを用いた救急診療の質向上について議論を繰り返し，日本救急医学会からの認証を得て救急point–of–care超音波診療指針としてまとめた。この指針では，背景，救急科専門医の到達目標，その論文的根拠，領域横断的な活用について述べる。到達目標の主要項目には，超音波の基礎，上気道，胸部，心臓，腹部，深部静脈，ガイド下手技，症候別評価が含まれる。また将来主要項目になる可能性があるものは付加項目として広く言及した。この指針は救急科専門医にとっての超音波検査の概要と方向性を示すものであり，救急超音波教育のために利用できる。この指針をきっかけに，本邦の救急診療の現場で超音波検査が効果的に利用されることを願う。
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 5. Sundanella, with description of a new species from the Western Atlantic and the Multiporata concept
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Winston Judith E. , Gordon Dennis P.
Published: July 2022

Ctenostome bryozoans are a small group of gymnolaemates that comprise only a few hundred described species. Soft‐tissue morphology remains the most important source for analysing morphological characters and inferring relationships within this clade. The current study focuses on the genus Sundanella, for which morphological data is scarce to almost absent. We studied two species of the genus, including one new to science, using histology and three‐dimensional reconstruction techniques and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Sundanella generally has a thick, sometimes arborescent cuticle and multiporous interzooidal pore plates. The lophophore is bilateral with an oral rejection tract and generally has 30 or 31 tentacles in both species. The digestive tract shows a large cardia in S. floridensis sp. nov. and an extremely elongated intestine in Sundanella sibogae. Both terminate via a vestibular anus. Only parietodiaphragmatic muscles are present and four to six duplicature bands. Both species show a large broad frontal duplicature band further splitting into four individual bands. The collar is vestibular. Sundanella sibogae shows highly vacuolated cells at the diaphragm, whereas S. floridensis sp. nov. has unique glandular pouches at the diaphragmal area of the tentacle sheath. Such apertural glands have never been encountered in other ctenostomes. Both species of Sundanella are brooders that brood embryos either in the vestibular or cystid wall. Taken together, the current analysis shows numerous characteristics that refute an assignment of Sundanella to victorellid ctenostomes, which only show superficial resemblance, but differ substantially in most of their soft‐body morphological traits. Instead, a close relationship with other multiporate ctenostomes is evident and the families Pherusellidae, Flustrellidrae and Sundanellidae should be summarized as clade ‘Multiporata’ in the future.
Real‐time and in situ monitoring of organosilicon‐induced thiram penetration into cabbage leaves by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering mapping
Authors: Pan Ting‐tiao , Guo Meiting , Lu Ping , Hu Deyu
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Understanding pesticide penetration behavior is important for effective application of pesticides. However, there is a lack of an effective method to monitor pesticide penetration behavior and its changing process. In the present study, a novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping method was used for real‐time and in situ tracking of the penetration behaviors of thiram and thiram–organosilicon mixture on cabbage leaves.

RESULTS

The results suggest that thiram has very weak ability to penetrate into cabbage leaves. However, when the thiram–organosilicon mixture was placed on leaf surfaces, a clear thiram signal was detected inside the leaf after 2 h of exposure, a strong signal was observed after 12 h, and the penetration depth of thiram was approximately 200 μm after 48 h.

CONCLUSION

SERS mapping was demonstrated to be a reliable method for in situ monitoring of organosilicon‐induced thiram penetration into cabbage leaf over time. The present study provides a new reference for rationally selecting adjuvants, effectively applying pesticides, and reducing pesticides residue in food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physical forcing of phytoplankton dynamics in the Al‐Wajh lagoon (Red Sea)
Authors: Zhan Peng , Krokos George , Gittings John A. , Raitsos Dionysios E. , Guo Daquan , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: July 2022

Coastal lagoons are biodiversity hotspots that support neighboring ecosystems and various services. They can exhibit distinct biophysical characteristics compared to the adjacent open sea and act paradoxically as autonomous ecosystems. Using remotely sensed observations and state‐of‐the‐art numerical simulations, the role of water column hydrodynamics in shaping the seasonal succession of phytoplankton biomass was investigated for a non‐estuarine coastal lagoon situated in the northeastern Red Sea. Observations reveal that seasonal phytoplankton blooms inside the lagoon occur during a distinctively different period compared to the adjacent open sea. We provide evidence that this striking difference is due to the contrasting hydrodynamic conditions between inside and outside the lagoon, through their effects on stratification that regulate nutrient availability and hence favorable conditions to sustain rapid phytoplankton growth. The proposed mechanism may offer new insights into understanding the biophysical dynamics of non‐estuarine coastal lagoons in other tropical regions of the global oceans.
Wide Range X‐Ray to Infrared Photon Detection and Energy Storage in LiTaO3:Bi3+,Dy3+ Perovskite
Authors: Lyu Tianshuai , Dorenbos Pieter , Li Canhua , Wei Zhanhua
Published: July 2022

It is challenging to obtain a material that can detect photons ranging from X‐rays to infrared light. Such materials have promising use to develop advanced applications like in information storage, anticounterfeiting, or X‐ray imaging. This article reports on such a material; LiTaO3:xBi3+,yDy3+ perovskite phosphor. Experimental spectroscopy, thermoluminescence, and vacuum referred binding energy diagram (VRBE) construction are combined to study the trapping processes of charge carriers. The VRBEs in the ground or excited states of Bi3+ and Bi2+ are discussed. Bi3+ emerges to act as a ≈1.3 eV deep hole capturing center and it may possibly also act as a 0.80 ± 0.5 eV deep electron trapping center. A linear relation between the amount of stored charge carriers and a photochromic phenomenon both induced by X‐rays or 254 nm UV‐light charging appears. The stored charge carriers in LiTaO3:xBi3+,yDy3+ are removed by heating or with an optically stimulated process with 365 nm UV light to 850 nm infrared laser. More than 3 or 40 h of Bi3+ and Dy3+ based white afterglow is measurable in LiTaO3:0.005Bi3+,0.004Dy3+ after exposure to X‐rays or 254 nm UV light. Proof‐of‐concept light detection applications like 2D information storage and anticounterfeiting or X‐ray imaging are demonstrated by using the phtotochromic and white afterglow LiTaO3:xBi3+,yDy3+ phosphors.
Structuring Nanofibers of SMEC Sheets: A New Approach to Control Self‐Folded Shape by Uniaxial Stretching
Authors: Rabaux Oscar , Riva Raphaël , Noels Ludovic , Jérôme Christine
Published: July 2022

Shape‐memory elastomer composite (SMEC) sheets, made of a honeycomb structured electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fiber mat embedded in a silicone (PDMS) elastomer, fold on themselves upon uniaxial traction. The self‐folding of the composite sheet originates from a bi‐layered structure obtained by a simple one‐step impregnation process. Indeed, the impregnation of a structured PCL fiber mat by oily PDMS in a flat Teflon mold leads, after curing, to an asymmetric composite sheet made of one PDMS flat thin layer on the mold side and one rough PDMS/PCL composite layer on the other side due to specific affinities between the three polymers involved. The self‐folded shape of such structured single sheet obtained upon uniaxial stretching and stress release is controlled by the honeycomb pattern orientation versus stretching direction, by the pattern size and by the applied uniaxial stretching stress. High shape recovery and robust shape memory cycling are also demonstrated by dynamic mechanical analysis. This innovative process based on the mat structuration allows a straightforward one‐step fabrication of shape memory sheets, with a wide scope of tunable self‐folded curvatures exhibiting efficient temperature shape recovery.
Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia 1 and 2 among 27 Indian Children
Authors: Garg Divyani , Yoganathan Sangeetha , Shamim Uzma , Mankad Kshitij , Gulati Parveen , Bonifati Vincenzo , Botre Abhijeet , Kalane Umesh , Saini Arushi Gahlot , Sankhyan Naveen , Srivastava Kavita , Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Juneja Monica , Kamate Mahesh , Padmanabha Hansashree , Panigrahi Debasis , Pachapure Shaila , Udani Vrajesh , Kumar Atin , Pandey Sanjay , Thomas Maya , Danda Sumita , Iqbalahmed Shaikh Atif , Subramanian Annadurai , Pemde Harish , Singh Varinder , Faruq Mohammed , Sharma Suvasini
Published: July 2022

Background

Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1 and 2 (HMNDYT1 and 2) are rare, inherited disorders of manganese transport.

Objectives

We aimed to describe clinical, laboratory features, and outcomes among children with HMNDYT.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving tertiary centers across India. We enrolled children between 1 month to 18 years of age with genetically confirmed/clinically probable HMNDYT. Clinical, laboratory profile, genetic testing, treatment details, and outcomes scored by treating physicians on a Likert scale were recorded.

Results

We enrolled 27 children (19 girls). Fourteen harbored SLC30A10 mutations; nine had SLC39A14 mutations. The SLC39A14 cohort had lower median age at onset (1.3 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7–5.5] years) versus SLC30A10 cohort (2.0 [IQR, 1.5–5.1] years). The most frequent neurological features were dystonia (100%; n = 27), gait abnormality (77.7%; n = 21), falls (66.7%; n = 18), and parkinsonism (59.3%; n = 16). Median serum manganese (Mn) levels among SLC39A14 (44.9 [IQR, 27.3–147.7] mcg/L) cohort were higher than SLC30A10 (29.4 [17.1–42.0] mcg/L); median hemoglobin was higher in SLC30A10 (16.3 [IQR, 15.2–17.5] g/dL) versus SLC39A14 cohort (12.5 [8.8–13.2] g/dL). Hepatic involvement and polycythaemia were observed exclusively in SLC30A10 variants. A total of 26/27 children underwent chelation with disodium calcium edetate. Nine demonstrated some improvement, three stabilized, two had marked improvement, and one had normalization. Children with SLC39A14 mutations had poorer response. Two children died and nine were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusions

We found female predominance. Children with SLC39A14 mutations presented at younger age and responded less favorably to chelation compared to SLC30A10 mutations. There is emerging need to better define management strategies, especially in low resource settings.
Multi‐mask self‐supervised learning for physics‐guided neural networks in highly accelerated magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yaman Burhaneddin , Gu Hongyi , Hosseini Seyed Amir Hossein , Demirel Omer Burak , Moeller Steen , Ellermann Jutta , Uğurbil Kâmil , Akçakaya Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Self‐supervised learning has shown great promise because of its ability to train deep learning (DL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction methods without fully sampled data. Current self‐supervised learning methods for physics‐guided reconstruction networks split acquired undersampled data into two disjoint sets, where one is used for data consistency (DC) in the unrolled network, while the other is used to define the training loss. In this study, we propose an improved self‐supervised learning strategy that more efficiently uses the acquired data to train a physics‐guided reconstruction network without a database of fully sampled data. The proposed multi‐mask self‐supervised learning via data undersampling (SSDU) applies a holdout masking operation on the acquired measurements to split them into multiple pairs of disjoint sets for each training sample, while using one of these pairs for DC units and the other for defining loss, thereby more efficiently using the undersampled data. Multi‐mask SSDU is applied on fully sampled 3D knee and prospectively undersampled 3D brain MRI datasets, for various acceleration rates and patterns, and compared with the parallel imaging method, CG‐SENSE, and single‐mask SSDU DL‐MRI, as well as supervised DL‐MRI when fully sampled data are available. The results on knee MRI show that the proposed multi‐mask SSDU outperforms SSDU and performs as well as supervised DL‐MRI. A clinical reader study further ranks the multi‐mask SSDU higher than supervised DL‐MRI in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and aliasing artifacts. Results on brain MRI show that multi‐mask SSDU achieves better reconstruction quality compared with SSDU. The reader study demonstrates that multi‐mask SSDU at R = 8 significantly improves reconstruction compared with single‐mask SSDU at R = 8, as well as CG‐SENSE at R = 2.
Preoperative dysphagia risk in community‐dwelling adults aged ≥50 years: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Canick Julia , Campbell James C. , Cohen Seth M. , Jones Harrison N. , Leiman David A. , Raman Sudha , Porter Starr Kathryn N.
Published: July 2022

Background

Preoperative dysphagia screening is rare. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors of preoperative dysphagia risk in adults preparing for surgery.

Methods

The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF), and Sarcopenia Screening Tool (SARC‐F) were self‐administered in adults preparing for surgery to identify dysphagia, malnutrition, and sarcopenia risk, respectively. Other variables collected include clinical demographics, fall risk, and surgical history associated with increased dysphagia risk. Descriptive summary statistics, univariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed as appropriate.

Results

The median age was 69 years and preoperative dysphagia risk was 9.6%. Among 357 patients completing both EAT‐10 and PG‐SGA SF or SARC‐F, 7.3% had preoperative dysphagia and malnutrition risk and 7.2% had preoperative dysphagia and sarcopenia risk. Preoperative dysphagia risk was 2.7 times greater in those with prior surgical history associated with increased risk of dysphagia, 2.2 times higher in women, and almost twice as high in Black patients and patients with fall risk. Logistic regression revealed significant odds ratios (ORs) for prior surgical history associated with increased risk of dysphagia (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.62–5.40) and male sex (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.94), and a significant relationship between preoperative dysphagia and malnutrition risk (OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.02–10.28) when controlling for clinical variables.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of dysphagia risk alone and in combination with malnutrition and sarcopenia risk in community‐dwelling adults underscores the need for standardized preoperative screening and optimization prior to surgery.
Non‐intrusive reduced‐order modeling using convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Halder Rakesh , Fidkowski Krzysztof J. , Maki Kevin J.
Published: July 2022

The use of reduced‐order models (ROMs) in physics‐based modeling and simulation almost always involves the use of linear reduced basis (RB) methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). For some nonlinear problems, linear RB methods perform poorly, failing to provide an efficient subspace for the solution space. The use of nonlinear manifolds for ROMs has gained traction in recent years, showing increased performance for certain nonlinear problems over linear methods. Deep learning has been popular to this end through the use of autoencoders for providing a nonlinear trial manifold for the solution space. In this work, we present a non‐intrusive ROM framework for steady‐state parameterized partial differential equations that uses convolutional autoencoders to provide a nonlinear solution manifold and is augmented by Gaussian process regression (GPR) to approximate the expansion coefficients of the reduced model. When applied to a numerical example involving the steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations solving a lid‐driven cavity problem, it is shown that the proposed ROM offers greater performance in prediction of full‐order states when compared to a popular method employing POD and GPR over a number of ROM dimensions.