bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stanniocalcin-1 in tumor immunity: acts via macrophages
Authors: Wang Lele , Wang Jianjun , Qiang Weijie , Ge Weihong
Published: November 2024

Tumor immune escape has become a research hotspot in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the key component of tumor microenvironment, which play a pivotal role in tumor immune escape by regulating the immunity checkpoints, inhibiting the activity of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and modulating proportion of different T cells. Stanniocalcin-1(STC1)is ubiquitously expressed in human body, which is proven to involve with tumor progression and clinical prognosis. Recently, STC1 is implicated in tumor microenvironment as a phagocytosis checkpoint, as well as regulates the immunity via macrophages. In the review, we discussed the role of STC1 and TAMs in tumor immunity and their crosstalk, hoping to provide references for the research of STC1 in tumor immunotherapy.
Chronic effects of a static stretching intervention program on range of motion and tissue hardness in older adults
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Scardina Antonino , Thomas Ewan , Warneke Konstantin , Konrad Andreas
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Clinically, knowing whether a static stretching (SS) intervention program conducted for several weeks can reduce passive muscle stiffness is important. Still, only a few previous studies have evaluated the chronic effects of an SS intervention program in older adults, and the potential relationship between ROM changes and muscle stiffness changes is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 10- week SS intervention partially supervised program on joint range of motion (ROM) and tissue hardness in older adults.

Methods

The SS intervention program was conducted at least three times a week for 10 weeks in the ankle plantar flexor muscles of 24 community-dwelling older adults (73.8 ± 5.1 years; height: 156.0 ± 6.8 cm; body mass: 52.7 ± 8.0 kg). The SS intervention program consisted of 4 × 30-s repetitions. Ankle joint dorsiflexion (DF) ROM and tissue hardness of the medial gastrocnemius were measured before and after the 10-week SS intervention program.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the 10-week SS intervention program significantly increased DF ROM (+9°, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.37) and decreased tissue hardness (−0.9, p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = −0.27). However, there was no significant correlation between these changes (r = 0.086, p = 0.561). The results of this study suggest that a 10-week SS intervention program can effectively increase DF ROM and decrease tissue hardness but that the increase in DF ROM is related to stretch tolerance rather than changes in tissue hardness.
Effects of intercropping with legume forage on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of tea plants
Authors: Jiang Yuhang , Lin Xiaoqin , Lin Wenxiong
Published: November 2024

Context

Intercropping in agriculture is crucial for addressing challenges in intensive tea farming. Forage legumes reduce fertilizer dependence and significantly boost productivity. Currently, intercropping with legumes enhances the environmental conditions of tea plantations and improves tea quality.

Objective

However, the comprehension of the rhizosphere’s impact on the associated microbes and the community structure of tea plants is still somewhat constrained.

Methods

Hence, four distinct planting methodologies were examined: Monoculture cultivation of Tieguanyin tea plants (MT), Laredo forage soybean (Glycine max Linn.) without partitioning in conjunction with tea (IT), intercropping with tea using plastic partitions (PPIT), and intercropping with tea facilitated by net partitions (NPIT). An absolute quantitative analysis of soil phospholipid fatty acids, labeled with the rhizosphere microbial characteristics of tea plants, was conducted through multi-ion reaction monitoring (MRM). The bacterial and fungal communities were anticipated utilizing the FAPROTAX and FUNG databases, respectively. Gas chromatography was employed to ascertain greenhouse gas emissions across diverse root interaction cultivation systems.

Results and conclusion

The rhizospheric influence culminated in a 44.6% increase in total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and a remarkable 100.9% escalation in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. This rhizospheric enhancement has significantly potentiated the ecological functionalities within the bacterial community, including xylanolysis, ureolysis, nitrogen respiration, nitrogen fixation, nitrite respiration, nitrite ammonification, and nitrate reduction. Mycorrhizomonas, encompassing both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular forms, has notably colonized the rhizosphere. The interspecific mutualistic interactions within the rhizosphere have resulted in a significant enhancement of plant growth-promoting bacteria, including allorhizobium, bradyrhizobium, rhizobium, burkholderia, gluconacetobacter, and gluconobacter, while concurrently reducing the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms such as xanthomonas, ralstonia, fusarium, and opportunistic fungi responsible for white and soft rot. The intercropping system showed lower total greenhouse gas emissions than monocultured tea plants, particularly reducing soil CO2 emissions due to complex interspecific rhizosphere interactions. This tea/legume intercropping approach promotes a sustainable ecosystem, enhancing microbial biomass and vitality, which helps suppress rhizospheric pathogens.

Significance

These findings are instrumental in enhancing our comprehension of the pivotal practical implications of rhizosphere intercropping, thereby optimizing the structure of rhizosphere communities and alleviating the impact of greenhouse gases within croplands.
Static and temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in early-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia: a fMRI study of interaction effects
Authors: Chen Jingli , Wei Yarui , Xue Kangkang , Gao Xinyu , Zhang Mengzhe , Han Shaoqiang , Wen Baohong , Wu Guangyu , Cheng Jingliang
Published: November 2024

Background

Schizophrenia is characterized by altered static and dynamic spontaneous brain activity. However, the conclusions regarding this are inconsistent. Evidence has revealed that this inconsistency could be due to mixed effects of age of onset.

Methods

We enrolled 66/84 drug-naïve first-episode patients with early-onset/adult-onset schizophrenia (EOS/AOS) and matched normal controls (NCs) (46 adolescents, 73 adults), undergoing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and dynamic ALFF (dALFF) among the four groups.

Result

Compared to NCs, EOS had a higher ALFF in inferior frontal gyrus bilateral triangular part (IFG-tri), left opercular part (IFG-oper), left orbital part (IFG-orb), and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The AOS had a lower ALFF in left IFG-tri, IFG-oper, and lower dALFF in left IFG-tri. Compared to AOS, EOS had a higher ALFF in the left IFG-orb, and MFG, and higher dALFF in IFG-tri. Adult NCs had higher ALFF and dALFF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) than adolescent NCs. The main effects of diagnosis were found in the PFC, medial temporal structures, cerebrum, visual and sensorimotor networks, the main effects of age were found in the visual and motor networks of ALFF and PFC of dALFF.

Conclusion

Our findings unveil the static and dynamic neural activity mechanisms involved in the interaction between disorder and age in schizophrenia. Our results underscore age-related abnormalities in the neural activity of the PFC, shedding new light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of schizophrenia. This insight may offer valuable perspectives for the specific treatment of EOS in clinical settings.
Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis
Authors: Signorelli Francesco , Zeoli Fabio , Rastegar Valid , Beccia Flavia , Caronna Riccardo , Visocchi Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Limited data are available comparing the interposition and transposition techniques for microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD); this study aims to review current findings on TN associated with VBD and compare the interposition and transposition techniques in terms of surgical morbidity and patient outcomes.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify studies reporting patients undergoing MVD for TN secondary to VBD. The studies were divided into two groups, interposition and transposition, based on the microvascular decompression technique used. Studies not reporting the diagnostic criteria, included less than five cases, or were not available in English were excluded.

Results

Fourteen eligible papers were retrieved, of which five studies reported cases undergoing the interposition technique, eight studies for the transposition technique, and one study reported cases from both groups. Data including preoperative and postoperative BNI class, comorbidities, and postoperative complications were retrieved to analyze and compare the two techniques in terms of efficacy and long-term outcomes in treating TN secondary to VBD.

Conclusion

Both interposition and transposition techniques for MVD yield high rates of pain relief in patients with TN secondary to VBD. While both approaches demonstrate similar efficacy, the interposition method is associated with a lower rate of long-term complications. Further research, preferably through randomized prospective studies, is needed to refine surgical strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Biocultural determinants of overweight-obesity among adult women experiencing the nutritional transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Wakilongo Wakenge , Abbeddou Souheila , Vanhoutte Lucie , Amougou Norbert , Mubagwa Muko , Elmira Clémence , Pasquet Patrick , Cohen Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The African Great Lakes region is experiencing rapid urbanization, which is leading to a nutritional transition and its related chronic diseases. Similar to other Great Lakes countries, the nutritional transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is reflected by increased non-communicable diseases, including morbid obesity. The 2014 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) revealed a rising incidence of overweight among women, ranging from 10% in 2001 to 16% in 2014. Furthermore, over 20% of individuals in several provinces of the DRC are classified as overweight-obese. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence as well as the main biocultural determinants of overweight-obesity among adult women in the DRC.

Methods

In a cross-sectional survey, including a representative sample of adult Congolese women living in the South Kivu province, participants were randomly recruited using a two-stage cluster sampling technique after an initial urban–rural stratification. The estimation of the was based on previous results from DHS. Thus, a total of 495 individuals were selected, including 325 urban and 170 rural subjects. Data were collected from households by dietitians who were specifically trained for this survey.

Results

In this study population, the prevalence of overweight-obesity was 33.6%, with 7.1% classified as obese. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among urban people, while all subjects with obesity were from the older age group (>35 years). Using binomial logistic regressions, it was observed that overweight-obesity had a significant positive correlation with the duration of urban residence, namely, Migrants' status: “New residents” 4.6 [1.9–11.7] p < 0.003, “Long term residents” 8.7 [3.5–21.5] p < 0.001; Socio-economic status (SES): “High” 2.4 [1.1–5.3] p < 0.03, and Stoutness valorization: “Yes” 6.1 [3.4–10.9] p < 0.001. In a pathway analysis conducted based on a structural equation model (SEM), we discovered that urban residence and SES were associated with an increase in overweight-obesity, with a positive correlation with processed food consumption and a negative correlation with physical activity. Age was associated with an increase in overweight-obesity through a negative association with physical activity, whereas stoutness valorization directly increased overweight-obesity.

Discussion

In order to properly guide public health policies, public authorities in the DRC should consider the main findings of this original study, which identify how socio-demographic and socio-ecological factors contribute jointly to the rising prevalence of overweight-obesity in the country.
Ozone treatment regulated the anti-exercise fatigue effect of fresh-cut pitaya polyphenol extracts
Authors: Li Chen , Wu Zhaoxia , Yang Xiaofei
Published: November 2024

The anti-exercise fatigue effect of plant polyphenols is closely related to the content, composition, and extractability of phenolic substances. According to our previous findings, ozone treatment significantly affected the biological effects of fresh-cut pitaya polyphenols. Therefore, this study used C57BL/6 J mice to explore the regulatory mechanism of ozone treatment on the anti-exercise fatigue effect of fresh-cut pitaya polyphenol extract. The result showed that fresh-cut pitaya polyphenols treated with ozone (OP) have a better effect. Compared with the untreated group, the exhaustion time of the OP group was 11.86% longer, the total antioxidant capacity was 54.17% higher, the MDA content was 32.8% lower, and the liver glycogen content was 85.71% higher. The OP group also better regulated substrate metabolism, protecting muscle and visceral weight. The results of RT-PCR were consistent with the results of network pharmacology, and the expression of PI3K and AKT was activated, while SRC and STAT3 were down-regulated. Furthermore, pitaya polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert anti-fatigue effects by increasing the diversity of gut microbiota species. In summary, ozone treatment is a feasible way to improve the nutrition of polyphenols.
Association between smoking status, toxicity and survival in the checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy
Authors: Rudzińska Anna , Juchaniuk Pola , Oberda Jakub , Krukowska Kamila , Krzyśkowska Sylwia , Kuchta Eliza , Rodzajewska Anna , Janiszewska Mariola , Szklener Katarzyna , Machulska-Ciuraj Katarzyna , Rychlik-Grabowska Monika , Urniaż Aleksandra , Urniaż Rafał , Mańdziuk Sławomir
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumors. However, their use can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), impacting patient outcomes.

Methods

This single-center, observational study investigates the relationship between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and survival outcomes in 151 patients treated with ICIs, with or without chemotherapy, at the Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy in the Independent Public Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. Statistical analyses were performed using the log-rank test, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model (p < 0.05).

Results

IrAEs were observed in 38% of patients, with the most common being thyroid dysfunction (11.9%) and dermal toxicity (6.6%). Individual toxicity groups presented similar median values of “pack-years”, suggesting that smoking did not have a direct impact on the degree of toxicity. No relationship between the number of “pack-years” and the time of occurrence of toxicity symptoms and the number of toxicity sites was found. Smoking status did not have a moderating effect on the toxicity parameter in survival analysis (OS) and progression free survival analysis (PFS). Pack-years of smoking significantly impacted both OS (HR = 1.01, p = 0.014) and PFS (HR = 1.01, p = 0.011).

Disscusion

The results suggested that smoking, measured in pack-years, had no appreciable effect on the amount of toxicity experienced by patients and no correlation between smoking status, irAEs and efficiency of the treatment was found. Despite results not reaching statistical significance, other potential mechanisms by which smoking may influence cancer treatment cannot be ruled out.
Transglutaminase 2 regulates endothelial cell calcification via IL-6-mediated autophagy
Authors: Liu Bo , Cai Zhiyuan , Wang Yan , Liu Xinye , Zhang Bin , Zheng Qian , Li Jingye , Li Cien , Cui Yuanbo , Lv Pengju , Yang Dongwei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Endothelial cell (EC) calcification is an important marker of atherosclerotic calcification. ECs play a critical role not only in atherogenesis but also in intimal calcification, as they have been postulated to serve as a source of osteoprogenitor cells that initiate this process. While the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in cellular differentiation, survival, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell adhesion is well established, the mechanism underlying the TG2-mediated regulation of EC calcification is yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods

The TG2 gene was overexpressed or silenced by using siRNA and recombinant adenovirus. RT-PCR and WB were used to analyze the relative expression of target genes and proteins. 5-BP method analyzed TG2 activity. mCherry-eGFP-LC3 adenovirus and transmission electron microscopy analyzed EC autophagy level. Calcium concentrations were measured by using a calcium colorimetric assay kit. Alizarin red S staining assay analyzed EC calcification level. Elisa analyzed IL-6 level. Establishing EC calcification model by using a calcification medium (CM).

Results

Our findings demonstrated that CM increased TG2 activity and expression, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and induced IL-6 autocrine signaling in ECs. Furthermore, IL-6 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to suppress cell autophagy and promoted ECs calcification.

Discussion

ECs are not only critical for atherogenesis but also believed to be a source of osteoprogenitor cells that initiate intimal calcification. Previous research has shown that TG2 plays an important role in the development of VC, but the mechanism by which it exerts this effect is not yet fully understood. Our results demonstrated that TG2 forms complexes with NF-κB components inhibition of autophagy promoted endothelial cell calcification through EndMT. Therefore, our research investigated the molecular mechanism of EC calcification, which can provide new insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Osteopontin neutralization increases vitamin D receptors on NKT cells and ameliorates liver fibrosis by promoting their activity
Authors: Amer Johnny , Salhab Ahmad , Hussini Enas , Shweiki Rasha , Zahran Iman , Far Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Aims

Vitamin D has an immunomodulatory property influencing the activity of NKT cells. We aimed to study the impact of osteopontin (OPN), a key driver of fibrosis, on NKT cells’ vitamin D receptor (VDR) and activity alterations.

Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in BALB/C mice with carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks with either vitamin D [100 ng/kg] or InVivoMAb anti-mouse OPN [100 μg/kg] 2X/week started at week-4 of CCl4. The liver injury profile of serum ALT, AST, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Histopathological findings were assessed via H&E staining and Sirius-Red staining. Fibrotic genes of αSMA, CREBP, and collagen III were assessed using RT-PCR. Fast blood sugar, insulin, liver cholesterol, and triglyceride were evaluated. Liver tissue-resident (tr)-NKT cells were obtained for VDR expressions, molecular pathways of p-STAT1 and P-STAT-5, and activation markers of CD107a and NKp46 using flow cytometry.

Results

Following vitamin D treatment, H&E staining revealed reduced microvascular and macrovascular steatosis, while Sirius-Red staining showed less fibrosis accumulation in liver fibrosis mice than in untreated counterparts. Results were associated with a significant decrease in serum cytokines of IL-β/IL-6/IL-4/OPN/TNF-α and serum AST and ALT by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Fibrotic markers showed an average 1.3-fold decrease in αSMA, CREB, and Col-III in liver fibrosis mice following vitamin D treatment. Quantitated liver cholesterol and triglycerides, serum insulin, and fasting blood sugar ameliorated their levels following vitamin D treatment in liver fibrosis mice. OPN-neutralizing antibody over-expressed VDR on trNKT cells and increased CD107a and NKp46 activities of 3.1 and 3.5 folds, respectively, associated with increasing in p-STAT1 and p-STAT5 phosphorylation. These results were accompanied with a decrease in hepatic-stellate-cell activation markers of αSMA, Col-III, and desmin.

Conclusion

VDR expressions affect trNKT cells activity and could modulate progressions of liver fibrosis. Using an OPN-neutralizing antibody exhibited an antifibrotic effect by alleviating the liver injury profile through NKT cells. It is also suggested as an immunomodulatory target of liver fibrosis.
Trp-574-Leu and the novel Pro-197-His/Leu mutations contribute to penoxsulam resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
Authors: Sun Penglei , Niu Liangliang , He Pengfei , Yu Haiyan , Chen Jingchao , Cui Hailan , Li Xiangju
Published: November 2024

Recently, due to the widespread use of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide penoxsulam in paddy fields in China, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. has become a problematic grass weed that is frequently not controlled, posing a threat to weed management and rice yield. There are many reports on target-site mutations of ALS inhibiting herbicides; however, the detailed penoxsulam resistance mechanism in E. crus-galli remains to be determined. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to characterize target-site resistance mechanisms in JL-R, AH-R, and HLJ-R suspected resistant populations of E. crus-galli survived the field-recommended dose of penoxsulam. The whole-plant dose–response testing of E. crus-galli to penoxsulam confirmed the evolution of moderate-level resistance in two populations, JL-R (9.88-fold) and HLJ-R (8.66-fold), and a high-level resistance in AH-R (59.71-fold) population. ALS gene sequencing identified specific mutations in resistant populations, including Pro-197-His in ALS1 for JL-R, Trp-574-Leu in ALS1 for AH-R, and Pro-197-Leu in ALS2 for HLJ-R. In vitro ALS activity assays demonstrated a significantly higher activity in AH-R compared to the susceptible population (YN-S). Molecular docking studies revealed that Trp-574-Leu mutation primarily reduced the enzyme’s ability to bind to the triazole-pyrimidine ring of penoxsulam due to decreased π–π stacking interactions, while Pro-197-His/Leu mutations impaired binding to the benzene ring by altering hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, the Pro-197-His/Leu amino acid residue changes resulted in alterations in the shape of the active channel, impeding the efficient entry of penoxsulam into the binding site in the ALS protein. The three mutant ALS proteins expressed via the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus system exhibited notably lower activity inhibition rates than the non-mutant ALS proteins to penoxsulam, indicating all three ALS mutations reduce sensitivity to penoxsulam. This study elucidated the distinct impacts of the Pro-197-His/Leu and Trp-574-Leu mutations in E. crus-galli to penoxsulam resistance. Notably, the Trp-574-Leu mutation conferred stronger resistance to penoxsulam compared to the Pro-197-His/Leu mutations in E. crus-galli. The Pro-197-His/Leu mutations were first detected in E. crus-galli conferring penoxsulam resistance. These findings provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying target-site resistance to penoxsulam in E. crus-galli.
Changes in employment psychology of Chinese university students during the two stages of COVID-19 control and their impacts on their employment intentions
Authors: Zheng Sining , Yan Yanfen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The employment psychology and issues being faced by university students have garnered significant attention after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods

Focusing on Chinese university students, this study compares the changes in their employment psychology between the initial and normalization stages of COVID-19 prevention and control in China and examines their employment choices during the normalization stage. This study also investigates how the transformed employment psychology of these students influences their employment intentions.

Results

(1) Chinese university students exhibit stronger feelings of employment confusion, anxiety, stability preference, uneasiness, and inferiority during the normalization stage compared with the initial stage, thus leading to a more negative employment psychology; (2) during the normalization stage, university students display a more pessimistic outlook on their employment situation and show their preference for direct employment, particularly in public institutions, state-owned enterprises, and government organizations. They also show a greater interest in working in first-tier cities than in their hometowns; (3) the employment psychology of these students in the post-pandemic period significantly influences their employment intentions, with employment stability preference psychology playing a crucial role; and (4) the employment stability preference psychology positively and significantly affects the employment intentions of junior college students. Conversely, this employment stability preference psychology has a negative effect on the employment intentions of academic master’s and doctoral students. This paper also proposes some strategies to enhance the employment psychology of university students and improve their quality of employment at various levels, including government, school, enterprise, family, and individual.
Shaping tomorrow: how the STEP training course pioneered noninvasive brain stimulation training for psychiatry in France
Authors: Mondino Marine , Neige Cécilia , Batail Jean-Marie , Bouaziz Noomane , Bubrovszky Maxime , Bulteau Samuel , Demina Anastasia , Dormegny-Jeanjean Ludovic C. , Harika-Germaneau Ghina , Januel Dominique , Laidi Charles , Moulier Virginie , Plaze Marion , Pouchon Arnaud , Poulet Emmanuel , Rothärmel Maud , Sauvaget Anne , Yrondi Antoine , Szekely David , Brunelin Jerome
Published: November 2024

Over the past three decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have gained worldwide attention and demonstrated therapeutic potential in various medical fields, particularly psychiatry. The emergence of these novel techniques has led to an increased need for robust training programs to provide practitioners, whether clinicians or scientists, with the necessary skills and knowledge. In response, a comprehensive training curriculum for NIBS in psychiatry has been developed in France. This curriculum was developed by a group of researchers and psychiatrists interested in the clinical application of NIBS in psychiatry, called STEP - Stimulation Transcranienne en Psychiatrie, under the auspices of the French Association of Biological Psychiatry. This perspective outlines the development and implementation of this course, tracing its inception, the evolution of the program, and the challenges encountered along the way. The position of the course in the national and international environment and its future prospects are also discussed. Through this perspective, we aim to summarize the collaborative efforts to promote NIBS teaching and research in French psychiatry.
Pathways and enhanced evaluation system for green low-carbon development across diverse Chinese regions
Authors: Li Wenjie , Hu Dechao , Xu Zongqi , Guo Jie , Liu Jianan , Zhou Yuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Rapid economic growth in China has led to significant resource and environmental challenges, particularly in less economically developed regions. This study aims to identify effective strategies for achieving green, low-carbon development in these regions during the economic transition.

Methods

We employed the Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to scrutinize the impact of economic, demographic, industrial, and technological factors on low-carbon development across a selection of Chinese provinces, including Qinghai, Hunan, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hainan, and Chongqing. This approach facilitates a nuanced exploration of the multifaceted determinants of low-carbon progress within the regional contexts of China.

Results

The study identified three distinct paths to low-carbon development, each with unique prioritization characteristics. These paths are the traditional early low-carbon path, the semi-modernized mid-carbon path, and the post-modernized low-carbon path. Each path offers tailored strategies for less developed regions to enhance their environmental innovation capacity and global competitiveness.

Conclusion

This research contributes a novel perspective for regional sustainable development in China by offering tailored low-carbon development strategies for less developed regions. The findings suggest that region-specific strategies, aligned with developmental stages and characteristics, are essential for ensuring balanced economic, social, and environmental development.
Hatha yoga, integrating the segmental stabilization exercise model, can improve trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
Authors: Petrič Maja , Zaletel-Kragelj Lijana , Jakovljević Miroljub , Vauhnik Renata
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Low back pain is a very common symptom worldwide and an increasingly important public health problem. Exercises to stabilize the lumbar spine and pelvis have been shown to be effective in preventing or reducing the risk of low back pain. Hatha yoga practice is now increasingly appearing in prevention research and has the potential to improve trunk muscle endurance. The prevention research on endurance training of trunk muscle lacks evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a professional and scientifically based exercise program to improve and balance trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults.

Methods

A non-randomized control study was conducted. Participants were healthy adults without low back pain or injury who had not performed exercises to improve trunk muscle endurance prior to participation in the study. An analysis of the proposed exercise program’s effectiveness was conducted. The participants were divided into two groups: the exercise group (EG) performed a three-month hatha yoga exercise program (60 min twice a week) that included the spinal and pelvic segmental stabilization exercise model, or the control group (CG), in which participants were asked to maintain their previous lifestyle during the study period. Trunk muscle endurance was measured at baseline (PRE) and after completion of the exercise program (POST) in both groups. The changes in the measured variables were analyzed (PRE-POST analysis, EG-CG comparison).

Results

Seventy-two subjects (nEG = 36, age 32.2 ± 6.8 years; nCG = 36, age 29.9 ± 7.8 years) participated in the study. After the exercise program, the EG participants had significantly better results in endurance in three of the four trunk muscle groups (p < 0.05), but not in any of the endurance ratios.

Conclusion

Hatha yoga when integrating the segmental stabilization exercise model can significantly improve the endurance of at least three of the four major trunk muscle groups. For clinical relevance, the long-term effects of the proposed exercise program should be investigated in individuals with low back pain.
Case Report: Diffuse cerebral lymphomatosis with superimposed multifocal primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Li Elizabeth Huai-Feng , Davila Claire , Zuraski Connor , Chang Jennifer , Goodwill Vanessa , Farid Nikdokht
Published: November 2024

Description

Cerebral lymphomatosis (CL) is a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In CL, atypical lymphoid cells diffusely infiltrate the cerebral parenchyma without forming a discrete mass as seen with PCNSL. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with diffuse CL and superimposed areas of PCNSL. She presented with subacute cognitive decline and weakness. CSF studies showed lymphocytosis and IL-10 elevation. She became increasingly somnolent despite steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin trials, and she succumbed to the disease four months after symptom onset.

Radiologic findings

Her initial non-contrast head CT showed ill-defined hypodensities in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, bilateral basal ganglia, and central pons, which corresponded to diffuse T2/FLAIR hyperintensities on brain MRI. No abnormal enhancement, diffusion restriction, or discrete mass was present initially. Subsequently, MR spectroscopy demonstrated abnormally elevated choline:creatine and decreased NAA peaks, suggesting a hypercellular process. One month later, MRI revealed increasingly confluent T2/FLAIR hyperintensities with new diffusion restriction in the right caudate and left hippocampus, as well as new hyperperfusion in the right caudate. Again, no mass or enhancement was identified in these areas. On autopsy, parenchymal pathology was mostly consistent with CL. However, there were two areas of frank PCNSL in the right caudate and left hippocampus, which corresponded to the new areas of abnormality on her last MRI despite lacking the typical radiologic features of PCNSL.

Novel aspects

This is a unique case of CL with concurrent areas of PCNSL. Although CL is thought to be a distinct subtype of PCNSL, our case demonstrates that PCNSL may develop on a background of diffuse CL. In patients with subacute neurologic decline and MRI findings of diffuse leukoencephalopathy, diffuse CL should be considered.
Can We Tackle the Environmental Crisis With Education?
Authors: van de Wetering Judith , Leijten Patty , Spitzer Jenna , Thomaes Sander
Published: November 2024

The world is becoming less livable due to climate change and the loss of nature. What can be done to stop this environmental crisis? What would empower young people to help protect the environment? Schools and clubs sometimes offer environmental education programs—lessons or activities to help young people understand the environment and its vulnerabilities, and what can be done to protect it. Do these environmental education programs work? To answer this question, we conducted a big summary of 169 studies, which included more than 176,000 young people from around the world. The results provide good news: environmental education generally helps young people to know about, care about, and do things to protect the environment. Our research also raises new questions. For example, now that you know environmental education can be effective, do you think it should be provided more often? Should environmental education be a required subject in school?
The impact of the Gannon Storm of May 2024 on the radiation fields at aviation altitudes and in low earth orbits
Authors: Schennetten Kai , Matthiä Daniel , Meier Matthias M. , Berger Thomas , Wirtz Michael
Published: November 2024

In May 2024 the strongest geomagnetic storm since the Halloween storms of 2003 occurred. Media reported worldwide about the space weather situation and its effects on the infrastructure. Of particular interest were reports claiming severe effects on the radiation exposure at aviation altitudes, although no data supporting this assertion were available at that time. In this work the different aspects that affect the radiation exposure at aviation altitudes are discussed for the event. Furthermore, the corresponding dose rates are evaluated and compared to data from Low Earth Orbit. Model calculations indicate an additional contribution to the radiation field at aviation altitudes due to this extraordinary space weather situation, although the dose rates were still in the lowest category D0 of the space weather D-index, i.e., within the dose rate variation of a solar cycle.
Effects of small-sided game training on lower limb explosive strength in handball players: a single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Ran , Li Quanzhi , Xue Weiqi
Published: November 2024

Objective

This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the influence of small-sided game (SSG) on the counter-movement jump (CMJ) height and 20-meter sprint capabilities of handball players.

Methods

Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases were performed up to February 2024.

Results

A total of 8 studies with 184 participants were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in CMJ (cm) in handball players (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) = −1.06, 95% CI[−1.99, −0.12], Z = 2.22, P = 0.03). For the 20 m sprint capability, the results were WMD = −0.07, 95% CI[−0.14, 0.01], Z = 1.82, P = 0.07. Subgroup analysis by age: ≥19 years old WMD = −0.02, 95% CI[−0.08, 0.03], and <19 years old WMD = −0.10, 95% CI[−0.21, 0.00], indicating no significant impact on the 20-m (s) performance improvement. Gender subgroup analysis showed male WMD = −0.01, 95% CI[−0.08,0.07] and female WMD = −0.11, 95%CI[−0.19, −0.03; P < 0.05], suggesting better improvement in females.

Conclusion

The present study reveals that SSG training has varying impacts on 20 m sprint performance among handball players of different ages and genders. Specifically, there is no significant improvement in the 20 m sprint performance between players aged <19 and ≥19, while female players show greater improvement in the 20-m (s) compared to male players. These differences could be attributed to the physiological, psychological, and adaptive training differences between athletes of different ages and genders. Although SSG plays an essential role in training handball players, particularly in enhancing lower limb explosive strength and overall game performance, it is recommended to combine SSG with other targeted strength and explosive power training to maximize the enhancement of lower limb explosive power in handball players. Comprehensive training can effectively improve the lower limb explosive strength of athletes while also addressing the development of other key athletic qualities to achieve the best training outcomes. Therefore, coaches should fully consider the individual differences and training needs of athletes when designing training plans, and reasonably allocate the proportion and sequence of SSG with other training methods to maximize training effectiveness.
Text Indexing for Faster Gapped Pattern Matching
Authors: Hossen Md Helal , Gibney Daniel , Thankachan Sharma V.
Published: November 2024

We revisit the following version of the Gapped String Indexing problem, where the goal is to preprocess a text T[1..n] to enable efficient reporting of all occ occurrences of a gapped pattern P=P1[α..β]P2 in T. An occurrence of P in T is defined as a pair (i,j) where substrings T[i..i+|P1|) and T[j..j+|P2|) match P1 and P2, respectively, with a gap j−(i+|P1|) lying within the interval [α..β]. This problem has significant applications in computational biology and text mining. A hardness result on this problem suggests that any index with polylogarithmic query time must occupy near quadratic space. In a recent study [STACS 2024], Bille et al. presented a sub-quadratic space index using space O˜(n2−δ/3), where 0≤δ≤1 is a parameter fixed at the time of index construction. Its query time is O˜(|P1|+|P2|+nδ·(1+occ)), which is sub-linear per occurrence when δ<1. We show how to achieve a gap-sensitive query time of O˜(|P1|+|P2|+nδ·(1+occ1−δ)+∑g∈[α..β]occg·gδ) using the same space, where occg denotes the number of occurrences with gap g. This is faster when there are many occurrences with small gaps.
Temperature Prediction for Aerospace Thermal Tests Based on Physical and LSTM Hybrid Model
Authors: Li Xinze , Chen Chunjun
Published: November 2024

During spacecraft operations, structures experience extreme aerodynamic heating, necessitating thermal testing to gather data on the thermal response of surface materials. Given the nonrepeatable nature of these test articles, accurately predicting the temperature rise profile under thermal load inputs is essential before formal testing. Although theoretical analyses can develop precise internal heat transfer models for modules, limited test data hampers the modeling of inter-module heat transfer processes. Furthermore, variations in test article parameters across different tests restrict the generalizability of existing models. We present a hybrid modeling approach that integrates a physical model with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to address these challenges. The LSTM model is trained on historical data to capture complex inter-module heat transfer dynamics. Additionally, varying parameters of the test articles are included as model inputs to enhance versatility and adaptability. Experiments demonstrate that the model achieves high prediction accuracy (MAE = 17.41 (K) R2 = 0.9988) even when test article parameters differ from historical data. Moreover, it shows strong adaptability to changes in the input power signal (MAE = 34.91 (K) R2 = 0.9990). This study successfully predicts temperature profiles during thermal testing using minimal test data, thereby improving computational efficiency and reducing testing costs, which facilitates the effective implementation of formal thermal testing.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Genes Associated with Mammalian Semen Quality Traits: A Review
Authors: Liang Huili , Chen Wenting , Liu Xiaotong , Han Ying , Khan Adnan , Wang Changfa , Khan Muhammad Zahoor
Published: November 2024

Semen quality traits, including sperm morphology, sperm shape, sperm count, ejaculate volume, low percentage of motile spermatozoa in semen, and motility, play a crucial role in male reproductive efficiency and fertilization success. This review article highlighted the impact of genetic polymorphisms in genes on semen quality and fertility traits in mammalians. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes were associated with various sperm abnormalities, such as abnormal sperm flagella morphology, reduced motility, impaired DNA integrity, altered antioxidant status, disrupted sperm head–tail junction, spermatogenesis defects, reduced testicular size, and a range of sperm disorders. This comprehensive review of the available literature offers significant insights into the genetic factors influencing semen quality traits, which can contribute to the development of genetic markers and the enhancement of male fertility through assisted selective breeding programs.
Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Kominko Halyna , Gorazda Katarzyna , Łoś Katarzyna , Wzorek Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

The growth of the global population, coupled with concomitant economic development, has resulted in the generation of a substantial quantity of waste. The transition of the European Union’s economy towards a closed-loop model is prompting a comprehensive search for waste management concepts across a range of industrial sectors. The objective of this study is to valorise deinking paper sludge, which has a high potential for soil formation due to its high organic matter content. To produce organic–mineral fertiliser, the deinking sludge was subjected to acid hydrolysis, then neutralised with KOH solution and enriched with poultry litter ash. The final products were characterised in terms of their nutrient and heavy metal content. The bioavailability of phosphorus, along with the forms in which it occurs in fertilisers, was determined through the implementation of a five-step fractionation procedure. Furthermore, an eight-week incubation period was conducted to assess the fertilisers’ performance in soil. Soil samples were tested on a weekly basis for pH, water-soluble and bioavailable phosphorus content using the spectroscopic method after previous extraction in water and Bray’s solution, and catalase activity using the titrimetric method. The resulting fertilisers were found to meet the requirements for organo-mineral fertilisers and were categorised as PK-type fertilisers with a total nutrient content of 24.6–39.3%. Fractionation studies demonstrated that the fertilisers contained 20–30% of the total potentially bioavailable phosphorus. Furthermore, the long-term release of phosphorus from the fertilisers was confirmed through incubation studies. Additionally, the fertilisers were observed to contribute to an increase in catalase activity in the soil.
The Impact of Applying Different Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Northeast Spring Corn
Authors: Wu Kaikuo , Wang Longfei , Zhang Lei , Han Mei , Gong Ping , Xue Yan , Song Yuchao , Wu Zhijie , Zhang Lili
Published: November 2024

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ammonia (NH3) volatilization by improving fertilization methods to increase crop yield is beneficial for the green and sustainable development of agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of farmer practice fertilization (FP), nutrient expert optimized fertilization (NE—optimized fertilizer usage and time), the application of stable compound fertilizer (SF), and the application of controlled-release coated urea (CRU) on greenhouse gases, NH3 volatilization, and corn yield through field experiments set up in the corn planting area in western Liaoning Province. The results showed that compared with FP treatment, NE could significantly reduce NH3 volatilization by 28% and increase N2O release by 41%. Compared with FP treatment, SF could significantly reduce NH3 volatilization by 48.54%, N2O release by 38.54%, CO2 release by 13.96%, global warming potential (GWP) by 16.60%, and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) by 27.23%, and could significantly increase corn yield by 15.86%. Compared with FP treatment, CRU could significantly reduce NH3 volatilization by 63.46%, CO2 release by 11.98%, GWP by 10.73%, and GHGI by 13.77%, while increasing N2O release by 6.71%. Overall, NE, SF, and CRU treatments all showed better effects than FP treatment in increasing corn yield or reducing NH3 volatilization and GHG emissions. Among them, SF treatment demonstrated superior performance over NE and CRU treatments in terms of NH3 volatilization, corn yield, and GHGI. Therefore, the application of stable compound fertilizer is the optimal choice for corn planting in western Liaoning, with broad application prospects.