bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hurricane Rita on Texas Poison Center Calls
Authors: Forrester Mathias B.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: On 24 September 2005, Hurricane Rita made landfall in eastern Texas, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of 16 counties and declaration of disaster areas in 22 counties afterward.

Hypothesis: This study tested whether the evacuation and hurricane landfall affected the pattern of Texas poison center calls.

Methods: Texas poison center calls received from the 22 disaster-area counties were identified for three time periods: (1) 10–20 September 2005 (pre-evacuation); (2) 21–25 September 2005 (evacuation and hurricane landfall); and (3) 26 September–08 October 2005 (post-evacuation). The numbers of calls reviewed during the two latter time periods were compared to a baseline range (BR) derived from the number of calls received during corresponding time periods in 2002, 2003, and 2004. This comparison was made for total calls, as well as calls involving pill identifications, other information, total exposures, carbon monoxide exposures, gasoline exposures, food poisoning, water contamination, and other information.

Results: The daily call volume was relatively stable during the pre-evacuation period (mean = 291), declined during the evacuation period (mean = 191), and returned to normal volume during the post-evacuation period (mean = 283). During the evacuation and landfall period, only gasoline exposure calls were higher than expected (n = 68, BR = 11–30). During the post-evacuation period, the only higher than expected call volumes were for carbon monoxide exposures (n = 11, BR -2–10) and gasoline exposures (n = 40, BR = 12–28).

Conclusions: During an evacuation, total poison center call volume in the affected area may decline, although certain calls such as those involving gasoline exposures might increase. After a hurricane, the total call volume returns to normal, but certain calls such as those involving carbon monoxide and gasoline exposures may increase. This information allows for poison centers and public health providers to prepare their response to hurricanes and to educate the population before such events occurs.
Care across all phases of schizophrenia and initiation of treatment: discrepancy between routine practice and evidence. The SIEP-DIRECT's Project
Authors: Ruggeri Mirella , Bacigalupi Maurizio , Casacchia Massimo , Miceli Maurizio , Morganti Carla , Scavo Vincenzo , Allevi Liliana , Lupoi Sergio , Cristofalo Doriana , Lasalvia Antonio , Lora Antonio , Semina Domenico
Published: April 2019

Aims– To evaluate the quality of psychiatric care in Italian community-based services and the discrepancy between real practices and NICE recommendations for the treatment of schizophrenia concerning the elements common to all phases of care and the first episode of psychosis.Methods– Data concerning 14 indicators on common aspects of care in all phases and 11 indicators concerning psychosis onset, drawn from NICE Recommendations, were collected in 19 Departments of Mental Health.Results– An optimistic attitude seems to prevail in the staff in all phases of care, while remarkable discrepancies between service practice and recommendations have been found in relation to systematic assessment, availability of informative leaflets and support to relatives. Concerning the treatment of first episode, a lack of specific services and differentiated activities, and paucity of practices based on specific guidelines has been detected. However, Italian community based services proved to have a good capacity to provide help quickly to those seeking help for a psychotic onset, to maintain regular contact with them in the subsequent year, and provide pharmacological treatment reasonably in line with the scientific evidence. Instead, little specific support is provided to the relatives.Conclusions– The results show critical points concerning capacity of assessment and treatment standardization, in all aspects of care and specifically in the treatment for the first episode. Differentiation of activities specifically dedicated to the patients at their first episode should be promoted as well as strategies to support relatives in a more specific way.

Declaration of Interest:none.
Prevalence and risk factors of postnatal depression among women attending antenatal courses
Authors: Piacentini Daniele , Leveni Daniela , Primerano Giuseppe , Cattaneo Marina , Volpi Loredana , Biffi Giuseppe , Mirabella Fiorino
Published: April 2019

Aims – Postnatal depression, the most frequent complication occurring after pregnancy, is often not recognized. The prevalence of postnatal depression is currently considered to be 10–15% in western countries. A wide range of risk factors related to postnatal depression were researched in international studies. Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors and their frequency in a women population of Bergamo Province and compare the results with findings of international literature. Methods – 595 women taking part to antenatal courses in three hospitals in Bergamo Province were screened for Postnatal Depression using EPDS and clinical interview. Prevalence and possible psychosocial risk factors data were collected and subsequently analysed and compared with literature findings. Results – Thirty six (7.1%) women of our sample had postnatal depression. Depressed mood and depression during pregnancy, anxiety during pregnancy, poor social support, recent life events, a history of depression or other psychiatric history, presence of maternity blues were the strongest predictors of postnatal depression in our sample. Conclusions – The Psychosocial risk factors emerged from our study are substantially the same indicated by international studies, on the contrary prevalence is a little lower. This result may be explained considering that our women sample wasn't completely representative of general population.

Declaration of Interest: Results of this study are part of a project, “Identification and early treatment of post partum depression”, approved and financially supported by Regione Lombardia. This study didn't receive grants or support from drug companies. There are no conflicts of interest.
Stressful and intrusive life events preceding first episode psychosis
Authors: Raune David , Kuipers Elizabeth , Bebbington Paul
Published: April 2019

Aim – To test the hypothesis that stressful life events, in particular intrusive events, would cluster before the first onset of psychosis. Method – Forty-one patients with first episode psychosis were interviewed with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule to assess events in the year before the onset of illness. Events were rated contextually on timing, independence, threat, and intrusiveness. Within-patient group clustering was evaluated, and the patient group was compared with two general population surveys from London. Results – Events were very frequent in the year before the onset of psychosis. Stressful and intrusive events were more common in the three months before onset compared with the previous nine months, although few analyses reached conventional statistical significance. Threatening and intrusive events were much more frequent in patients than in the comparison groups. First episode psychosis patients were strikingly more likely to report an intrusive event in the three months before onset (OR=17.1, 34% v 3%), and also showed an excess between three months and one year before onset (OR=8.1, 11% v 3%). Conclusions – Events may trigger many cases of first episode psychosis. The effect emerges several months before onset, particularly if the events are intrusive. This has both theoretical and clinical implications.

Declaration of Interest: DR was supported by a UK Medical Research Council studentship. The authors have no conflicts of interest in writing this paper.
Emotion-Based Decision Making in schizophrenia: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Bellani Marcella , Tomelleri Luisa , Brambilla Paolo
Published: April 2019

The decision making can be defined as the mental process in which a “choice is made after reflecting on the consequences of that choice” (Bechara & Van Der Linden, 2005; Bechara et al., 1997). It is a complex process that involves cognitive as well as emotion-based functions. In fact human beings make fast adaptive decisions in daily life, and that is based on the skill to relate emotion to contextual stimuli in order to anticipate outcomes through activation of emotional states (Bechara et al., 2005). In this regard, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has been widely recognized to play a key role in the emotional decision making process. The VMPFC includes the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the more ventral sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (Bechara et al., 1997). In particular the OFC, within the VMPFC, is part of a neural system underpinning decision-making and reward-related behaviours which are thought to be linked to social conduct (Rolls, 2000).
Cost-effectiveness of nidotherapy for comorbid personality disorder and severe mental illness: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ranger Maja , Tyrer Peter , Miloseska Katerina , Fourie Hannalie , Khaleel Ibrahim , North Bernard , Barrett Barbara
Published: April 2019

Aims – Nidotherapy is the systematic modification of the environment to create a better fit for people. This is the first randomized controlled trial of its efficacy in an assertive community team. Methods – Patients in an assertive outreach team with continued management problems together with comorbid personality disturbance and severe mental illness were randomized to nidotherapy enhanced assertive treatment (up to 12 sessions) or to continued assertive outreach care. Use of psychiatric beds over one years (primary outcome) and change from base-line in other health service resources, psychiatric symptoms, social functioning and engagement with services were measured at 6 and 12 months (secondary outcomes). Results – 52 patients were recruited over 13 months, with 49 and 37 assessed at 6 and 12 months. Patients referred to nidotherapy had a 63% reduction in hospital bed use after one year compared with control assertive care (P=0.13) and showed non-significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms, social functioning and engagement than the control group. The mean cost savings for each patient allocated to nidotherapy was £4,112 per year, mainly as a consequence of reduced psychiatric bed use. Conclusion – Nidotherapy may be a cost-effective option in the management of comorbid serious mental illness and personality disorder, but larger confirmatory trials are necessary.
Use of mental health services and unmet needs for socially-at-risk. Spanish children and adolescents
Authors: Ezpeleta Lourdes , Granero Roser , Osa Núria de la , Domènech Josep M.
Published: April 2019

Reported one-year prevalence of service use due to mental disorders in children and adolescents from the general population varies according to country, organization of services, and services considered. Among factors associated with use of services, the literature lists parental and school personnel's perception of problems, having a psychiatric diagnosis (especially externalizing), symptom severity, comorbid disorders, functional impairment, family burden, family environment or being a boy (Cabiya et al., 2006; Farmer et al., 2003; Sayal, 2004). A better understanding of these factors may help to optimize access to services of children needing help.
Variables that Predict Academic Achievement in the Spanish Compulsory Secondary Educational System: A Longitudinal, Multi-Level Analysis
Authors: Martín Elena , Martínez-Arias Rosario , Marchesi Alvaro , Pérez Eva M.
Published: April 2019

This article presents a study whose objective was to identify certain personal and institutional variables that are associated with academic achievement among Spanish, secondary school students, and to analyze their influence on the progress of those students over the course of that stage of their education. In order to do this, a longitudinal, multi-level study was conducted in which a total of 965 students and 27 different schools were evaluated in Language, Math and Social Science at three different times (beginning, middle and end of the period). The results show progress in all the schools and in all areas. As for the personal, student variables, the longitudinal, HLM analyses confirmed the importance of sex and sociocultural background and, distinguishing it from other studies, also the predictive capacity of meta-cognitive abilities and learning strategies on success in school. On the institutional level, the school climate and teachers' expectations of their students were the most relevant of the variables studied. The size of the school, the percentage of students who repeat grades, and the leadership of the administration also explained a portion of the variance in some areas.
Adolescents without Adolescence: Reflections on Adolescents' Formation of Subjectivity and Their Families in a Neoliberal Context
Authors: Klein Alejandro
Published: April 2019

This study seeks to determine how certain social situations cannot help but influence subjectivity and family ties. The Keynesian age encouraged and promoted a relatively stable socioeconomic matrix based on a probable future and achievable promise. The installation of a family model related to protective parents who were capable of caring for and protecting their children has been observed. Adolescent subjectivity is constructed based on parameters like generational confrontation and growth, and happiness before the possibility of exercising autonomy. On the other hand, neoliberalism produces a “retraction” of social spaces, dismisses the future, and feelings of instability and insecurity are prevalent, making the family model a “structure that overwhelms parents.” Adolescent subjectivity seems incapable of executing generational confrontation, predominantly showing a desire to “protect” the family (“exacerbated messiah complex”) by means of a fantasy that acts as a “threading scene” capable of annulling the search for autonomy and growth.
Comparison of Single- and Double-Stage Designs in the Prevalence Estimation of Eating Disorders in Community Samples
Authors: Peláez-Fernández María Angeles , Labrador Francisco Javier , Raich Rosa María
Published: April 2019

The aim of this research was to compare two different case-identification designs: (a) a one-stage anonymous design using the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Beglin, 1994) as diagnostic instrument and (b) a two-stage-non-anonymous design using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) and the EDE-Q as screening instruments and the clinical interview Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993) as diagnostic instrument, in the estimation of eating disorders prevalence in community samples. Both epidemiological designs were compared in: eating disorders prevalence, population at risk, and weekly frequency of associated symptomatology (binge eating episodes, self-vomiting) within a sample of 559 scholars (14 to 18 year-old males and females) studying in the region of Madrid. Eating disorders prevalence estimation using single-stage design was 6.2%, and 3% using the two-stage design; however, these differences were not significant (p = .067). No significant differences between the two procedures were found either in population at risk or in weekly frequency of reported self-vomiting. Reported binge eating episodes were higher in the one-stage design. The use of a two-stage procedure with clinical interview (vs. questionnaire) leads to a better understanding of the items (specially the most ambiguous ones) and thus, to a more accurate prevalence estimation.
Psychometric Properties of a Spanish Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in General Population
Authors: Magán Inés , Sanz Jesús , García-Vera María Paz
Published: April 2019

This is the first study that provides normative, reliability, factor validity and discriminant validity data of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) in the Spanish general population. Sanz and Navarro's (2003) Spanish version of the BAI was administered to 249 adults. Factor analyses suggested that the BAI taps a general anxiety dimension comprising two related factors (somatic and affective-cognitive symptoms), but these factors hardly explained any additional variance and, therefore, little information is lost in considering only full-scale scores. Internal consistency estimate for the BAI was high (α = .93). The BAI was correlated .63 with the BDI-II and .32 with the Trait-Anger scale of the STAXI 2, but a factor analysis of their items revealed three factors, suggesting that the correlations between the instruments may be better accounted for by relationships between anxiety, depression, and anger, than by problems of discriminant validity. The mean BAI total score and the distribution of BAI scores were similar to those found in other countries. BAI norm scores for the community sample were provided from the total sample and from the male and female subsamples, as females scored higher than males. The utility of these scores for assessing clinical significance of treatment outcomes for anxiety is discussed.
HIGHER EDUCATION SUBSIDY POLICY AND R&D-BASED GROWTH
Authors: Morimoto Takaaki , Tabata Ken
Published: April 2019

We examine how a subsidy policy for encouraging more individuals to pursue higher education affects economic growth in an overlapping generations model of R&D-based growth, including both product development and process innovation. We show that such a policy may have a negative effect on the long-run economic growth rate. When the market structure adjusts partially in the short run, the effect of an education subsidy on economic growth is ambiguous and depends on the values of the parameters. However, when the market structure adjusts fully in the long run, the education subsidy expands the number of firms but reduces economic growth. These unfavorable predictions of an education subsidy on economic growth are partly consistent with the empirical findings that mass higher education does not necessarily lead to higher economic growth.
AN IDENTITY OF PARABOLIC KAZHDAN–LUSZTIG POLYNOMIALS ARISING FROM SQUARE-IRREDUCIBLE MODULES
Authors: GUREVICH MAXIM
Published: April 2019

We show a precise formula, in the form of a monomial, for certain families of parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials of the symmetric group. The proof stems from results of Lapid–Mínguez on irreducibility of products in the Bernstein–Zelevinski ring. By quantizing those results into a statement on quantum groups and their canonical bases, we obtain identities of coefficients of certain transition matrices that relate Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials to their parabolic analogues. This affirms some basic cases of conjectures raised recently by Lapid.
Unfolding the Fan of Memory in Arthur Lourié’s Recollection of Petersburg
Authors: SALKOWSKI DAVID
Published: April 2019

This article demonstrates how migration formed a process of memory construction in the work and thought of Russian émigré composer Arthur Lourié (1891–1966). It analyses Lourié’s song cycle Recollection of Petersburg, composed over two decades and across four countries, providing close readings of music and poetry and exploring the network of intertextual connections the cycle activates. Lourié has proven a difficult subject because of the diversity of aesthetic positions he took from decade to decade. Recollection allows us to trace a line of continuity as he passed through these incarnations, revealing an aesthetics of accumulation and arrangement with origins in Acmeist poetics. This aesthetics, in turn, served as a coping strategy for Lourié’s life in emigration, as he sought to order the voices of memory and escape the flow of time. Lourié’s case will contribute to our understanding of the profound impact of migration on music in the twentieth century.
Elliott Carter's and Luigi Nono's Analyses of Schoenberg'sVariations for Orchestra, Op. 31: Divergent Approaches to Serialism
Authors: EMMERY LAURA
Published: April 2019

Despite Nono's and Carter's opposing views, divergent compositional aesthetic, and applicability of twelve-tone music, the two composers shared their admiration for the works of the Second Viennese School. In this article, I examine Carter's 1957 and Nono's 1956 analyses of Schoenberg's pivotal twelve-tone work:Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31 (1926–28). The study offers a rare opportunity to look at the same piece analysed by two composers with unique points of view. Completed only a year apart, the analyses illuminate aspects of Schoenberg's work that each composer found most compelling and applicable to their own works. Thus, these analyses, combined with sketches housed at the Paul Sacher Stiftung (Basel), the Library of Congress (Washington, DC), and the Fondazione Archivio Luigi Nono (Venice), not only shed light on Schoenberg's system, but also become a valuable tool for tracking both Carter's and Nono's compositional processes, showing how Schoenberg influenced two schools of thought.
Professional monopolies and divisive practices in law: ‘les femmes juridiques’ in civil law, Canada
Authors: Kay Fiona M.
Published: April 2019

This paper examines women’s entry and advancement within Québec’s, civil law tradition of a dual system ofnotairesandavocatsin law practice. The two arms of the profession have developed along exclusive legal jurisdictions codified through law, contrasting professional structures, and different styles of legal practice. Yet, they share a common foundation through law school and professional training and their respective practices of law occasionally overlap and conflict in the competition for clientele, services and professional status. Women’s representation in Québec law practice has risen to nearly fifty percent and their entry to law in large numbers coincides with the emergence of exclusionary processes within and across the professional divide. Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital provides new insight to gendered career dynamics in law practice, specifically an understanding of cultural repertoires of resources mobilised in successful careers, resources that are also at the centre of disputes over the professional status and legal jurisdictions betweennotairesandavocats. The analysis demonstrates that women and men within these two professional groups are not only equipped with differential stocks of capital, but that the conversion rates also differ. Particularly among theavocats, men receive greater exchange on their investments in human and social capitals and their cultivated ‘habitus’ also better enables men to garner enhanced job rewards.
Prototype testing of a composite-type active grating bender with Si substrate for surface profile high-order term elimination
Authors: Tseng T.-C. , Perng S.-Y. , Fung H.-S. , Lin S.-W. , Syu J.-C. , Hsu K.-H. , Chen C.-T.
Published: April 2019

The previous monolithic active grating bender design met some basic design requirements. However, after a real grating (BM-AGM) had been fabricated and installed for testing, the results showed that the usable length is a mere 60 mm because of the higher-order term error in the surface profile. A method was thus derived to eliminate the higher-order term error by modifying the width of the bender substrate through finite-element method simulation, reducing the residual error from about 100 nm to 6 nm. Owing to the closure of the grating department of Zeiss, ruling the monolithic bender is no longer available and the design has to be modified to a composite-type bender with Si substrate. A prototype was fabricated and assembled to examine all the design situations. The surface roughness of the width-modified Si substrate is around 30 nm before assembly. The residual error after assembly and bending is less than 10 nm. It proves that the design is feasible. However, due to the manufacturing capacity of the vendor, a short-length substrate is required and the design has to be modified. The detailed design modification and testing results are presented in this paper.
Update über die aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)
Authors: Schürch Kerstin A. , Sixt Sebastian , Jeanneret Christina , Canova Corina R.
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Prävalenz der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) steigt mit zunehmendem Alter an und nimmt aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung insgesamt zu. Die Symptome schränken die Lebensqualität ein. Die 5-Jahresmortalität der pAVK-Patienten ist doppelt so hoch wie bei Patienten ohne pAVK und liegt höher als diejenige von Patienten mit einer isolierten koronaren oder zerebrovaskulären Verschlusskrankheit. Die Diagnosestellung ist bereits klinisch (Pulspalpation) oder mit einfachen apparatetechnischen Mitteln (Knöchel-Arm-Index = Ankle-Brachial-Index (ABI)) durch jeden Arzt zur Diagnosestellung – nicht zum Ausschluss – möglich. Fachärztliche Zusatzuntersuchungen sollen stufenweise eingesetzt werden. Die Behandlung der PAVK ist stadienabhängig. Wichtigster Therapiepfeiler in allen Stadien der pAVK ist die Behandlung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren mit strengen Ziel-Blutdruck und Zielcholesterinwerten für diese Hochrisikopatienten. Zusätzlich stehen Antiaggregations- und Antikoagulationsmöglichkeiten zur Diskussion. Als aktive Massnahmen wie das konservative Gehtraining sind heute kathetertechnische Verfahren häufig Therapie der ersten Wahl. Zudem steigt auch die Zahl kombinierter chirurgisch-kathetertechnischer Verfahren, sog. Hybrideingriffe. Gute Indikationen für chirurgische Verfahren stellen weiterhin langstreckige femorale bis popliteale Verschlüsse bei operablen jüngeren Patienten und Verschlussprozesse in der Femoralbifurkation dar. Die invasive Therapiewahl soll interdisziplinär getroffen werden.
Duplexsonographie bei zerebrovaskulärer Durchblutungsstörung – Asymptomatische Carotisstenose
Authors: Staub Daniel
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Eine distale Embolisation ausgehend von einer ipsilateralen bedingten asymptomatischen Carotisstenose (ACS) ist verantwortlich für einen respektablen Anteil eines erstmaligen ischämischen Hirnschlages. Die Duplexsonographie gilt als Methode der Wahl zur Detektion und Beurteilung des Ausmasses und Schweregrades einer solchen Carotisstenose. Alle Patienten mit einer ACS sollten eine bestmögliche kardiovaskuläre medikamentöse Therapie mittels Statinen, Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern und Antihypertensiva erhalten. Da das Schlaganfallrisiko bei Patienten in den letzten Jahren durch Verbesserung der medikamentösen Therapie deutlich gesenkt wurde, wird nicht mehr grundsätzlich bei jedem Patienten mit hochgradiger ACS eine prophylaktische chirurgische Carotis-Endarteriektomie oder die Stentimplantation empfohlen. In den letzten Jahren konnten viele Studien zeigen, dass neben der duplexsonographischen Stenosegradierung der ACS vor allem morphologische Merkmale in der B-Bild-Sonographie und der Kontrastmittel-unterstützten Sonographie hilfreich sein können, diejenigen Patienten mit ACS und einem hohen Schlaganfallrisiko, welche möglicherweise von einer Revaskularisation profitieren, zu selektionieren. So gelten die rasche Progression der Stenosierung in der Duplexsonographie, die Hypoechogenität, die Plaque-Fläche, die Oberflächen-Irregularität und Ulzeration in der B-Bild-Sonographie sowie die Vaskularisation der Carotisstenose in der Kontrastmittel-unterstützten Sonographie als Prädiktoren für eine solche vulnerable ACS. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick geben über diese sonographischen und weiteren Kriterien für eine ACS, welche mit einem erhöhten Risiko für einen ipsilateralen Schlaganfall assoziiert sind.
Das postthrombotische Syndrom
Authors: Jeanneret-Gris Christina
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Das postthrombotische Syndrom ist definiert durch klinische Zeichen (objektiv erhobene Befunde) und Beschwerden, welche nach einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose auftreten. Am häufigsten wird der Villalta Score angewendet. Am einfachsten anwendbar ist aber der Ginsberg Score (Schmerzen, Schwellung > 1 Monat), letzterer scheint bezüglich Sensitivität mit dem Villalta Score vergleichbar zu sein. Die aktuell in der Literatur beschriebenen Scores sind leider nicht spezifisch und werden in den verschiedenen Studien unterschiedlich verwendet. Entsprechend variieren auch die Prävalenzen des postthrombotischen Syndroms (3 – 23 %). Der natürliche Verlauf einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose unter Antikoagulation und das Auftreten eines postthrombotischen Syndromes sind wichtige Prädiktoren für den Langzeitverlauf des Beschwerdebildes. Vier grosse kontrollierte Studien haben den Effekt der Kompression auf die Entwicklung eines postthrombotischen Syndroms geprüft, diese Studien werden zusammengefasst und diskutiert, die Rolle der Kompressionstherapie wird kritisch hinterfragt. Die duplexsonographischen Befunde wie der Rest – Thrombusload und der postthrombotisch auftretende venöse Reflux haben bei einer prospektiv angelegten Studie keinen sicheren prädiktiven Wert für die Voraussage eines postthrombotischen Syndroms gezeigt.
Numerical Modeling of Weathering, Erosion, Sedimentation, and Uplift in a Triple Junction Divergent Margin
Authors: Sacek Victor , de Morais Neto João Marinho , Vasconcelos Paulo Marcos , de Oliveira Carmo Isabela
Published: April 2019

The majority of numerical models of landscape evolution in divergent margins are focused on the simulation of margins with simplified lithological control on landscape erosion. However, this approach is insufficient to study the evolution of margins where chemical weathering is an important element increasing rock resistance to physical erosion. One example of this margin is the Borborema Province, northeastern Brazil, where postrift marine sediments are now preserved at elevations ∼700–800 m in up to 1‐km‐high plateaus capped by duricrust layers. The landscape evolution of these uplifted sedimentary basins still eludes explanation. Here we use numerical models that couple weathering, erosion, sedimentation, sea level changes, flexural isostasy, and thermal effects due to lithospheric stretching to simulate the tectonosedimentary evolution of the Borborema Province since the onset of continental stretching during the Lower Cretaceous. These numerical experiments reveal that nearly 70% of the postrift regional uplift observed in the Borborema Province can be explained by differential denudation of the continent and flexural rebound of the lithosphere. The remaining ∼250 m of uplift can be explained by thermal uplift induced by partial erosion of the base of the continental lithosphere under the Borborema Province due to edge‐driven convection, in accordance with the anomalously thin continental lithosphere observed under the Borborema Province. Additionally, the numerical results can explain the regional pattern of fission track ages by the combined effect of differential denudation and flexural rebound in this geometrically complex margin.
Seismic Spectral Ratios Between North Korean Nuclear Tests: Implications for Their Seismic Sources
Authors: Jin P. , Zhu H. F. , Xu X. , Wang P. Z. , Li X. , Shen X. F.
Published: April 2019

Seismic spectral ratios between the 3 September 2017 North Korean nuclear test (NKT2017) and four earlier Korean tests (25 May 2009, NKT2009; 12 February 2013, NKT2013; 6 January 20016, NKT2016J; and 9 September 2016, NKT2016S) are investigated. All the observed teleseismicPwave spectral ratios exhibit a unique notch at approximately 2.5 Hz, but it is not observed for spectral ratios of regionalPandLgwaves. Meanwhile, for a given event pair, the network‐averagedLgwave spectral ratio is similar to that of regionalPwave, but with the explosions' source corner frequencies significantly reduced, supporting the conjecture by Fisk (2006,https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060023). We demonstrated that the observed notch of teleseismicPwave spectral ratios may be well modeled with interference betweenpPandPwaves with an apparentpP‐Ptime delay ΔtpPof about 0.4 s for NKT2017, while regionalPwave spectral ratios may be well fitted with source spectral ratios predicted by classical explosion source models including Mueller and Murphy (1971,https://doi.org/10.2172/4107998) (MM71), Denny and Johnson (1991,https://doi.org/10.1029/gm065p0001) (DJ91), and their two hybrids. Via the above modeling, yield sizes of the explosions and the depth of burials of NKT2009–2016S are determined as functions of NKT2017's buried depthh0. Our result indicate that, forh0in the range of 600–1,100 m, the MM71‐related models give yield estimations about 100–300 kt for NKT2017, 3–7 kt for NKT2009, 6–15 kt for NKT2013 and NKT2016J, and 10–25 kt for NKT2016S, while yield sizes obtained by model DJ91 are much smaller. Nevertheless, for all the above source models, the obtained depths of burial estimations of NKT2009–2016S are always significantly smaller than NKT2017's depth of burialh0.
Anomalous refraction and reflection characteristics of bend V-shaped antenna metasurfaces
Authors: Xie Yanqiang , Yang Chang , Wang Yun , Shen Yun , Deng Xiaohua , Zhou Binbin , Cao Juncheng
Published: April 2019

Stabilization issue of anomalous refraction and reflection in V-shaped antenna metasurfaces are investigated. Specifically, when a V-shaped metasurface is artificially tilted, the induced refraction and reflection are theoretically analyzed. Detailed numerical and experimental study is then performed for the upward and downward bending metasurfaces. Our results show that although the anomalous reflection is sensitive to the deformation of metasurface geometry; the anomalous refraction is, surprisingly, barely affected by relatively small-angle tilting and able to support perfect beam orienting. Since in real-world applications, the optical objects are often affected by multiple uncertain factors, such as deformation, vibration, non-standard surface, non-perfect planar, etc., the stabilization of optical functionality has therefore been a long-standing design challenge for optical engineering. We believe our findings can shed new light on this stability issue.
A phytic acid derived LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/Carbon composite of high energy density for lithium rechargeable batteries
Authors: Meng Yan , Wang Yujue , Zhang Zhaokun , Chen Xiaojuan , Guo Yong , Xiao Dan
Published: April 2019

A composite of olivine lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4), external carbon coating and internal embedded carbon flakes, EC-IC-LMFP, is prepared by using phytic acid (PhyA) as phosphorus source via solvothermal process followed by calcination. The composite with improved electronic conductivity and ion diffusivity presents an ultrahigh reversible specific capacity of 193 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and an excellent cycling stability of 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C when applied as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, the composite fine powders exhibit a special microstructure and its volumetric energy density is estimated to reach 1605 Wh L−1, much larger than the commercial LiFePO4.
Morphology of the tentorium in the ant genus Lasius Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Kubota Hiroshi , Yoshimura Jin , Niitsu Shuhei , Shimizu Akira
Published: April 2019

The tentorium is the internal skeleton of the head capsule of insects. Several studies have shown that the structure of the tentorium is an important factor not only for the morphology and systematics but also for the phylogeny and evolution. In ants, however, only three studies have reported tentorial morphology so far. We reveal the fundamental structure of the tentorium of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and its minor variation among six species of the genus. Based on the results, we give new terminologies of the organ, presenting a schematic diagram of the tentorium. We clarify muscle attachment to the tentorium by constructing a three-dimension image of the tentorium and muscles. We then verify the attachment areas of the antennal muscles and maxillary adductor muscles on the tentorium. The results show that the muscular attachment areas are broader than previously thought. Our study indicates that the key to understanding the evolution of the tentorium is its functional morphology, in relation to the attachments of the muscles originating from the tentorium within the head capsule. This is the first report of the three-dimensional images of the ant tentorium and its attached muscles. The intra- and inter-specific variations of the tentorium is also reported for the first time.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates sour taste sensing via type III taste cell differentiation
Authors: Matsumoto Kenjiro , Ohishi Akihiro , Iwatsuki Ken , Yamazaki Kaho , Takayanagi Satoko , Tsuji Masahiro , Aihara Eitaro , Utsumi Daichi , Tsukahara Takuya , Tominaga Makoto , Nagasawa Kazuki , Kato Shinichi
Published: April 2019

Taste buds are comprised of taste cells, which are classified into types I to IV. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play a significant role in taste perception. TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel that responds to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. The present study aimed to define the function and expression of TRPV4 in taste buds using Trpv4-deficient mice. In circumvallate papillae, TRPV4 colocalized with a type IV cell and epithelial cell marker but not type I, II, or III markers. Behavioural studies showed that Trpv4 deficiency reduced sensitivity to sourness but not to sweet, umami, salty, and bitter tastes. Trpv4 deficiency significantly reduced the expression of type III cells compared with that in wild type (WT) mice in vivo and in taste bud organoid experiments. Trpv4 deficiency also significantly reduced Ki67-positive cells and β-catenin expression compared with those in WT circumvallate papillae. Together, the present results suggest that TRPV4 contributes to sour taste sensing by regulating type III taste cell differentiation in mice.
The lipid phase preference of the adenosine A2A receptor depends on its ligand binding state
Authors: Gutierrez M. Gertrude , Deyell Jacob , White Kate L. , Dalle Ore Lucia C. , Cherezov Vadim , Stevens Raymond C. , Malmstadt Noah
Published: April 2019

As cholesterol fraction increases, ligand-bound receptor occupies more vesicle surface area, demonstrating co-localization with the cholesterol-rich phase.
A comprehensive review on fruitAristotelia chilensis(Maqui) for modern health: towards a better understanding
Authors: Masoodi H. , Villaño D. , Zafrilla P.
Published: April 2019

Human and animal intervention studies have provided enough evidence for the protective effects of different foods rich in polyphenols against non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Among fruits, berries are the richest source of polyphenols.
Pyrrolocytosine–pyrene conjugates as fluorescent and CD probes for the fine sensing of ds-polynucleotide secondary structure and specific recognition of poly G
Authors: Ban Željka , Žinić Biserka , Matković Marija , Tomašić Paić Ana , Crnolatac Ivo , Piantanida Ivo
Published: April 2019

Multipurpose dual method (fluorescence and CD) probes differentiate between various ds-RNA/RNA structures and specifically recognise Watson–Crick pairing complementary poly G.
Bimetallic plasmonic Au@Ag nanocuboids for rapid and sensitive detection of phthalate plasticizers with label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Wang Xinru , Ge Zipan , Zhang Le , Zhou Yaru , Li Jingya , Bu Linfeng , Wu Hengan , Li Pan , Xu Weiping
Published: April 2019

Phthalate plasticizers (PAEs) are posing a serious threat to human health, so it is urgent to develop effective and reliable ways to detect the food additives PAEs sensitively.
A chiral sensor for recognition of varied amines based on19F NMR signals of newly designed rhodium complexes
Authors: Wang Wei , Xia Xiaohan , Bian Guangling , Song Ling
Published: April 2019

A novel chiral octahedral rhodium complex containing fluorine has been developed to be an excellent chiral sensor for a variety of amines including diamines, monoamines, amino alcohols and amino acids, showing well distinguishable19F NMR signals and an accurate measurement of enantiomeric determination.
Iridium(iii)-catalysed annulation of pyrazolidinones with propiolates: a facile route to pyrazolo[1,2-a] indazoles
Authors: Yang Zi , Song Zhenyu , Jie Lianghua , Wang Lianhui , Cui Xiuling
Published: April 2019

Iridium(iii)-catalysed C–H bond activation/subsequent [4+1] cyclization for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,2-a] indazoles has been developed.
Rhenium is different: CO tetramerization induced by a divalent lanthanide complex in rhenium carbonyls
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Simler Thomas , Gamer Michael T. , Köppe Ralf , Roesky Peter W.
Published: April 2019

The reduction of M2(CO)10(M = Mn, Re) with different divalent lanthanide (Ln = Sm, Yb) compounds was investigated.
Ring opening of epoxides with [18F]FeF species to produce [18F]fluorohydrin PET imaging agents
Authors: Verhoog Stefan , Brooks Allen F. , Winton Wade P. , Viglianti Benjamin L. , Sanford Melanie S. , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: April 2019

This report describes a simple technique for the preparation of [18F]HF and its application to the generation of an [18F]FeF species for opening sterically hindered epoxides. This easily automated one-pot procedure has been successfully employed to prepare four drug-like molecules in good yields and high molar activities, including 5-[18F]fluoro-6-hydroxy-cholesterol.
From a volatile molecular precursor to twin-free single crystals of bismuth
Authors: Wei Zheng , Dubceac Cristina , Petrukhina Marina A. , Dikarev Evgeny V.
Published: April 2019

A new gas-phase method employing a volatile metal carboxylate precursor to grow twin-free bismuth single crystals is reported.
Paving the way to single-molecule chemistry through molecular electronics
Authors: Taniguchi Masateru
Published: April 2019

Since our understanding of single-molecule junctions, in which single molecules are connected between nanoelectrodes, has deepened, we have paved the way to single-molecule chemistry.
Account of chemical bonding and enhanced reactivity of vanadium-doped rhodium clusters toward C–H activation: a DFT investigation
Authors: Sengupta Turbasu , Chung Jin Suk , Kang Sung Gu
Published: April 2019

The chemical bonding and enhanced reactivity of vanadium-doped rhodium clusters toward C–H activation were investigated using DFT.
The impact of cation acidity and alkyl substituents on the cation–anion interactions of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Chen Xianze , Men Shuang , Licence Peter , Xi Feng , Ren Zhen , Zhu Weiwei
Published: April 2019

XPS is used to probe the cation–anion interactions in 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids.
Influence of monomer deformation on the competition between two types of σ-holes in tetrel bonds
Authors: Wysokiński Rafał , Michalczyk Mariusz , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Scheiner Steve
Published: April 2019

Competition between two competing sites on a tetrel atom is explained by balance between structural deformation and σ-hole intensity.
Effect of bovine serum albumin on tartrate-modified manganese ferrite nano hollow spheres: spectroscopic and toxicity study
Authors: Chakraborty Indranil , Saha Urmila , Mandal Dipika , Mukherjee Suprabhat , Joardar Nikhilesh , Sinha Babu Santi P. , Suresh Kumar Gopinatha , Mandal Kalyan
Published: April 2019

Green-colored fluorescence microscopic image of [BSA]–[T-MnFe2O4] under blue light irradiation along with higher fluorescence intensity of the same compared to T-MnFe2O4NHSs.
Superior low-temperature NO catalytic performance of PrMn2O5 over SmMn2O5 mullite-type catalysts
Authors: Thampy Sampreetha , Ashburn Nickolas , Liu Chengfa , Xiong Ka , Dillon Sean , Zheng Yongping , Chabal Yves J. , Cho Kyeongjae , Hsu Julia W. P.
Published: April 2019

PrMn2O5 is demonstrated as a superior catalyst compared to SmMn2O5 for low temperature NO oxidation, both experimentally and theoretically.
Alkali counterions tune diruthenium(iii,iii)-based ferrimagnetic chain structured antiferromagnets exhibiting step-like hysteresis loops
Authors: Fan Xiao-Meng , Li Jing-Yu , Wang Lin-Lin , Zhou Zi-Qin , Tian Yu-Chen , Yang Jian-Hui , Liu Bin
Published: April 2019

Tunable alkali counterions affect the hysteresis loop shape of the ferrimagnetic chain structured heterometallic diruthenium(iii,iii) phosphates, {Cu(H2O)4Ru2(HPO4)2(PO4)2(H2O)2}n2n−.
2D green SPPS: green solvents for on-resin removal of acid sensitive protecting groups and lactamization
Authors: Pawlas Jan , Antonic Biljana , Lundqvist Marika , Svensson Thomas , Finnman Jens , Rasmussen Jon H.
Published: April 2019

An SPPS method for the on-resin removal of acid labile protecting groups using TFA/TIS in EtOAc/MeCN and lactamization with PyBOP/DIEA in NBP/EtOAc is reported.
U–Pb geochronology of wolframite by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Luo Tao , Deng Xiaodong , Li Jianwei , Hu Zhaochu , Zhang Wen , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Junfeng
Published: April 2019

The U–Pb age of wolframite can be accurately and precisely determined using zircon as an external standard with a water vapor-assisted ns-LA-ICP-MS method.
Engineering tumor vasculature on an injection-molded plastic array 3D culture (IMPACT) platform
Authors: Lee Somin , Lim Jungeun , Yu James , Ahn Jungho , Lee Younggyun , Jeon Noo Li
Published: April 2019

Recent advances in microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology have enabled the growth of 3D microphysiological systems for diverse biological studies.
Nanoarchitectured metal–organic framework/polypyrrole hybrids for brackish water desalination using capacitive deionization
Authors: Wang Ziming , Xu Xingtao , Kim Jeonghun , Malgras Victor , Mo Ran , Li Chenglong , Lin Yuzhu , Tan Haibo , Tang Jing , Pan Likun , Bando Yoshio , Yang Tao , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: April 2019

Metal–organic framework/polypyrrole hybrids are synthesized and directly used in capacitive deionization for the first time.
Cleaning oil paintings: NMR relaxometry and SPME to evaluate the effects of green solvents and innovative green gels
Authors: Prati S. , Sciutto G. , Volpi F. , Rehorn C. , Vurro R. , Blümich B. , Mazzocchetti L. , Giorgini L. , Samorì C. , Galletti P. , Tagliavini E. , Mazzeo R.
Published: April 2019

NMR relaxometry together with SPME allow evaluation of the effects of new green gels for the cleaning of paintings.
Two-step etherification of phenolic-oil with methanol under catalysis of alumina-supported metal salts
Authors: Yuan Bo , Wang Ze , Song Wenli , Li Songgeng
Published: April 2019

A two-step process for the etherification of phenolic-oil is proposed to avoid the hindering effect of alkoxyphenols on the etherification of alkylphenols.
Organoselenium small molecules as catalysts for the oxidative functionalization of organic molecules
Authors: Rathore Vandana , Jose Cavya , Kumar Sangit
Published: April 2019

This perspective highlights the critical analysis of the challenges, in the past decade, which led to the development of organoselenium compounds and their use as versatile catalysts in organic synthesis towards the oxidation of olefins and C–H bonds. Furthermore, the emphasis here differs from previous reviews of the field by classifying the various types of catalyses and the diverse strategies.
A theoretical study of adsorbed non-metallic atoms on magnesium chloride monolayers
Authors: Lima Igo T. , Gargano Ricardo , Guerini Silvete , Paura Edson N. C.
Published: April 2019

A detailed study involving non-metallic atoms (boron, nitrogen and carbon atoms) adsorbed on magnesium chloride (MgCl2) monolayers has been performed by density functional theory.
Transition metal catalysed C7 and ortho-selective halogenation of 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazoles
Authors: Hong Xi , Zhou Quan , Huang Shuang , Cui He-Zhen , Li Zhi-Ming , Hou Xiu-Feng
Published: April 2019

An approach to construct C–X bonds on the C7 or ortho-position of 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazoles by Rh and Ru catalysts has been reported.