bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Maqāṣid Are the Qibla of the Jurists”: A Critical Analysis of Contemporary References to and Usages of Abū Ḥāmid Al-Ghazālī’s Dictum
Authors: Kepplinger Eva
Published: January 2024

Modernity reveals an intense preoccupation with the Intentions of the Sharia (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa) and reflections of premodern scholars on this legal concept. Within contemporary research in this field, the famous scholar Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111), who is counted among the pioneers of premodern contributions to the maqāṣid, occupies a special position. In addition to his general treatment of the maqāṣid, one dictum of his in particular is often referred to in the modern literature on the maqāṣid. The quotation reads: “The maqāṣid are the qibla of the jurists”, which he mentioned in his book Kitāb Ḥaqīqat al-qawlayn and is indicative of the central position of the maqāṣid in al-Ghazālī’s (legal) thought. My investigation of the contemporary, primarily Arabic, literature on the maqāṣid which cites this popular dictum reveals that the quote is used for many reasons and in various contexts; however, a fuller engagement with the quote itself and in the context of al-Ghazālī’s thought, as well as in his book, takes place very rarely, if at all, and even then, it is cursory. In order to embed al-Ghazālī’s dictum in the wider frame of his thought, this article first presents his general maqāṣid-related thought and consequently expounds on it in the context of his book. To better understand the usage of the quote in modern scholarship, the current maqāṣid literature that refers to the dictum is analyzed and categorized, showing how authors deploy it and to what end.
Preparation and NH4+ Adsorption Performance of Ultrafine Lignite-Based Porous Materials
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Fan Yuping , Dong Xianshu , Ma Xiaomin , Yang Maoqing , Xiao Wei
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to increase the ammonium nitrogen adsorption capacity of lignite using ultrafine grinding, aiming to reduce eutrophication in water bodies. Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 was employed as a stand-in for ammonium nitrogen in water solutions. The lignite sample for adsorption was processed with varying milling times. Adsorption efficacy was assessed primarily through isothermal adsorption tests and other techniques. Additionally, the study delved into the adsorption mechanisms. The results demonstrate that lignite ground for 50 min follows monolayer adsorption, characterized by minimal pore size and reduced diffusion rates, thereby extending the time to reach equilibrium and maximizing adsorption. BET and SEM analyses show that coal powder is effectively ground by zirconia balls in a vertical stirring mill, diminishing its particle size and forming new micropores. Concurrently, larger native pores are transformed into mesopores and micropores, providing numerous sites for NH4+ adsorption. XPS and FTIR analyses indicate an increase in exposed carbonaceous surfaces and oxygen-containing functional groups in ultrafine lignite. Ammonium ions replace hydrogen in carboxyl groups to form COONH4, and hydrogen bonds may form between NH4+ and C-O groups. Additionally, the electrostatic attraction between NH4+ and the coal surface further enhances adsorption. It can be concluded that the physical grinding process increases the specific surface area and creates more active adsorption sites, which in turn, boosts NH4+ adsorption capacity. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity is as high as 550 mg/g. This study suggests that ultrafine lignite is a promising material for treating ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.
An LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Insulin, Cortisol, Glucagon-like Peptide 1, Ghrelin, and Osteocalcin
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Siddiqi Hareem , Huang Yu-Ping , McClorry Shannon , Ji Peng , Barile Daniela , Slupsky Carolyn M.
Published: January 2024

Hormones are important signaling molecules controlling physiological homeostasis. ELISA kits are commonly used to measure hormones; however, few ELISA kits are multiplex, not all species-specific ELISA kits are commercially available, and ELISA kits typically require a significant volume of biological fluids. Pigs resemble humans in digestive physiology, making them an excellent model in preclinical research of nutrition and metabolism. In this study, we developed and validated a simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of insulin, cortisol, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-37) and (7-36), acyl and des-acyl ghrelin, and carboxylated osteocalcin in pig serum. The proposed method is specific, highly sensitive (LOQ in ng/mL and pg/mL), reasonably accurate (more than 76.2% of all quality control samples within 20% error from nominal values), and precise (intra-day CV ≤ 10% and inter-day CV ≤ 23.1%). The recoveries of all analytes and corresponding internal standards ranged from 83.7 to 116.0%. The method also requires a low serum volume of 50–100 μL, which is invaluable when sample volume is limited. These methods could be easily extended for use in other mammalian species.
Synergistic Effects of Urea, Poultry Manure, and Zeolite on Wheat Growth and Yield
Authors: Khaliq Abdul , Shehzad Muhammad , Huma Mahwish Khan , Tahir Majid Mahmood , Javeed Hafiz Muhammad Rashad , Saeed Muhammad Farhan , Jamal Aftab , Mihoub Adil , Radicetti Emanuele , Mancinelli Roberto
Published: January 2024

The agricultural sector faces the dual challenge of enhancing crop productivity and mitigating environmental impacts. Optimizing nutrient management is vital for sustainable agriculture, particularly in sloping terrains like the Himalayan region, where damaged soils require restoration. This study explores the synergistic effects of urea, poultry manure, and zeolite on wheat growth and yield in degraded mountainous soils. A total of twelve treatments were implemented in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments included a control (T1); urea nitrogen at 120 kg N ha−1 (UN120) (T2); poultry manure (PM) at 120 kg N ha−1 (T3); zeolite-1 (Z1) at 5 t ha−1 (T4); zeolite-2 (Z2) at 5 t ha−1 (T5); UN120 + Z1 (T6); PM + Z1 (T7); UN120 + Z2 (T8); PM + Z2 (T9); ½ UN + ½ PM + Z1 (T10); ½ UN + ½ PM + Z2 (T11); and ½ UN + ½ PM + ½ Z1 + ½ Z2 (T12). The UN120 treatment demonstrated significant improvements in wheat growth, with notable increases in shoot length (79.7%), shoot fresh weight (50.8%), root length (50.6%), chlorophyll content (53.6%), and leaf area (72.5%) compared to the control. Wheat yield and its components experienced significant improvements when treated with urea nitrogen (UN) and zeolites. Among these treatments, UN120 exhibited the highest efficacy. Nutrient content analysis revealed substantial increases in shoot nitrogen (70.6%), phosphorus (33.3%), and potassium (15.6%) with UN120 treatment compared to the control. The concoction of UN and PM with zeolites further enhanced nutrient levels. Integrating mineral nitrogen sources with organic amendments and zeolites proved effective in enhancing wheat productivity in degraded mountainous soils. Despite positive results, further research is essential for widespread recommendations.
A Frontier Approach to Eco-Efficiency Assessment in the World’s Busiest Sea Ports
Authors: Bulak Muhammet Enis
Published: January 2024

The maritime economy is at the forefront of unprecedented sustainability challenges. Addressing ecological externalities in port operations supports the decarbonization goals of the United Nations (UN) Climate Action program and port city transition towards resilient and sustainable urban units. This research brings out an empirical assessment of seaport performance from an eco–environmental point of sustainability with a non-parametric analysis. Most common indicators from the cross-sectoral Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) database for the 21 world’s busiest seaports are used for the analysis. This research integrates four different models with the inputs CO2 emission, electricity consumption, waste, and water consumption; and the outputs employees, revenue, and container throughput. Projection pathways are established for inefficient seaports to improve sustainability performance. The analysis shows that the seaports of Qingdao and Cartagena are the most sustainably performing seaports under the selected maritime sustainability indicators. This research supports port managers in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of their operations and helps frame strategic policies toward achieving overall sustainability in the maritime industry across SDG 14 (marine ecosystem) and SDG 13 (climate mitigation) goals of the 2030 Urban Agenda.
Canonical Construction of Invariant Differential Operators: A Review
Authors: Dobrev Vladimir K.
Published: January 2024

In the present paper, we review the progress of the project of the classification and construction of invariant differential operators for non-compact, semisimple Lie groups. Our starting point is the class of algebras which we called earlier ‘conformal Lie algebras’ (CLA), which have very similar properties to the conformal algebras of Minkowski space-time, though our aim is to go beyond this class in a natural way. For this purpose, we introduced recently the new notion of a parabolic relation between two non-compact, semi-simple Lie algebras G and G′ that have the same complexification and possess maximal parabolic subalgebras with the same complexification.
Overview and Modeling Capabilities of an Event-Based Signal Controller
Authors: Ardalan Taraneh , Sarazhinsky Denis , Dobrota Nemanja , Gavric Slavica , Stevanovic Aleksandar
Published: January 2024

Developing appropriate signal timing strategies is a primary concern in traffic signal control; however, professionals are constrained by predefined controller options. Existing signal controllers in North America adhere to National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards with ring-barrier control (RBC) design. Due to unique traffic conditions and objectives for each traffic mode, conflicts arise, making it challenging to devise suitable traffic control strategies within current controllers. The limitations include inflexibility in defining pretimed signal diagrams, modifying them, and defining algorithms for modification. This paper introduces the event-based controller (EBC) framework, implemented in DUMKA_E software, capable of replicating NEMA-based RBC functionalities while providing additional flexibility beyond conventional RBC controllers. The EBC eliminates the asymmetry of flexibilities in existing traffic controller frameworks, addressing the challenges mentioned. Overcoming critical limitations of RBC, such as barrier constraints and restricted functionalities to built-in algorithms, the EBC empowers professionals to craft custom traffic signal control strategies. Unlike approaches enhancing RBC with complex computation, the EBC offers flexible functionalities without sacrificing simplicity. The study shows that the EBC’s fundamental concepts are no more intricate than RBC’s, positioning the EBC as a potential traffic controller framework. The paper establishes the EBC’s capability to reproduce RBC controllers’ core logic, showcasing advanced abilities for more efficient control logic than RBC. The EBC’s functionalities enable context-sensitive traffic signal control strategies, catering to special conditions like multi-modal activities and diverse priority requests, highlighting its full potential.
T Cell Responses against Orthopoxviruses in HIV-Positive Patients
Authors: Stefanie Sammet , Koldehoff Michael , Schenk-Westkamp Pia , Horn Peter A. , Esser Stefan , Lindemann Monika
Published: January 2024

A global outbreak of predominantly sexually transmitted mpox infections, outside endemic regions, was reported in May 2022. Thereafter, risk groups were vaccinated against smallpox, a structurally related orthopoxvirus. In the current study, we analyzed T cell responses against peptides derived from orthopoxviruses in 33 HIV-positive patients after two vaccinations against smallpox and in 10 patients after mpox infection. We established an ELISpot assay, detecting either the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin (IL)-2. After vaccination, 21 out of 33 patients (64%) showed specific IFN-γ secretion and 18 (55%) specific IL-2 secretion, defined as >3-fold higher specific value than negative control and at least 4 spots above the negative control. After mpox infection, all patients showed specific IFN-γ secretion and 7 out of 10 (70%) IL-2 secretion. In vaccinated patients, IFN-γ responses were significantly lower than in patients with mpox infection (median response 4.5 vs. 21.0 spots, p < 0.001). The same trend was observed for IL-2 responses. After mpox infection, IL-2 ELISpot results positively correlated with CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05). Thus, T cell responses were detectable in two thirds of HIV-positive patients after vaccination and were even more abundant and vigorous after mpox infection.
Enhanced Downstream Processing for a Cell-Based Avian Influenza (H5N1) Vaccine
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Bo , Xiong Yu , Zhang Zhegang , Zhang Qingmei , Qiu Ran , Peng Feixia , Nian Xuanxuan , Wu Dongping , Li Xuedan , Liu Jing , Li Ze , Tu Hao , Wu Wenyi , Wang Yu , Zhang Jiayou , Yang Xiaoming
Published: January 2024

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections pose a significant threat to human health, with a mortality rate of around 50%. Limited global approval of H5N1 HPAIV vaccines, excluding China, prompted the need to address safety concerns related to MDCK cell tumorigenicity. Our objective was to improve vaccine safety by minimizing residual DNA and host cell protein (HCP). We developed a downstream processing method for the cell-based H5N1 HPAIV vaccine, employing CaptoTM Core 700, a multimodal resin, for polishing. Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC) with polypropylene glycol as a functional group facilitated the reversible binding of virus particles for capture. Following the two-step chromatographic process, virus recovery reached 68.16%. Additionally, HCP and DNA levels were reduced to 2112.60 ng/mL and 6.4 ng/mL, respectively. Western blot, high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of the required antigen with a spherical shape and appropriate particle size. Overall, our presented two-step downstream process demonstrates potential as an efficient and cost-effective platform technology for cell-based influenza (H5N1 HPAIV) vaccines.
An Advanced Mode Switching Control Strategy for Extended-Range Concrete Mixer Trucks
Authors: Wang Shilong , Zeng Yufei , Huang Ying , Xie Haiming , Wang Guoye , Jiang Fachao
Published: January 2024

The multi-operation scenes of extended-range concrete mixer trucks are complex and variable, and the operation mode switching process remains a challenge that involves coordinating the torque of the clutch, engine, and integrated starter generator. An unsuitable strategy will undermine the stability of the concrete mixing cylinder and shorten the service life of the clutch. This work studies the clutch control strategy based on fuzzy control theory and coordinates the torque during the mode-switching process. The improved engine control strategy is utilized to reduce friction work and energy consumption of the integrated starter generator used to compensate torque. This control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment. The results show that it can significantly decrease the torque fluctuation by 94.3%, and also reduce friction work by 20.7% compared with the conventional engine target speed ignition strategy, which substantially improves the mode switching process and prolongs the service life of the system.
The use of statins and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK 9) in patients with dyslipidemia
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Lupachev R. M. , Maksimov M. L. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University», Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education»
Published: January 2024

Scientific relevance. According to the WHO data, cardiovascular diseases rank first as the cause of human death. In 2022, 18,601,923 people died from cardiovascular diseases, which amounted to 33 % of the total mortality in the world. Malignant neoplasms rank second with 9,958,133 deaths, representing 17.6 % of total mortality. Among cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease (IHD), the pathogenesis of which is associated with impaired cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, is leading. The use of statin drugs is recommended as a first-line lipid-lowering therapy. As an alternative to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9) were discovered in 2003, however, they are less popular due to insuf ficient data on these drugs and their costliness. Purpose of the work: to study the safety of using proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with dyslipidemia and compare the advantages and disadvantages in relation to the ef fects of HMG-CoA reductase (statins). Discussion: The analysis of literature data has shown that the most frequent manifestations of intolerance to statins are muscle symptoms. The main mechanisms of statin-associated complications are mediated by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, as well as by the effect of drugs on cellular and subcellular processes, skeletal muscles and genetic features of patients. PCSK9 inhibitors have a fundamentally different mechanism of action — they bind and inactivate PCSK9, which leads to a decrease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood level. A small number of undesirable reactions have been identified for drugs of this group, the most important of which is immunogenicity. However, even if patients have antibodies to PCSK9 inhibitor, the efficacy of the drug in reducing the level of low-density lipoproteins remains high.Conclusion. In medical studies, PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to perform better compared to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; meanwhile, patients continue to use statins as lipid-lowering medications.
¿Venezuela o Guyana, quién gana (en) el esequibo? Claves para entender una disputa histórica
Authors: Mila-Maldonado Andrea
Published: January 2024

Con el diferendo territorial por el Esequibo, América Latina, la llamada “zona de paz” por excelencia, atraviesa uno de los momentos de mayor tensión entre dos de sus países: la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y la República Cooperativa de Guyana. Este análisis revisa la disputa histórica entre ambos países y ofrece claves jurídicas, geográficas, de política exterior, regionales y de coyuntura para su comprensión.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. KIMIA FARMA TBK. PLANT JAKARTA ( Studi Kasus Divisi Supporting )
Authors: Lestari Sri , Bandawaty Euis
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meneliti mengenai  “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Dan Pelatihan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Divisi Supporting PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. Plant Jakarta”. Populasi penelitian ini karyawan divisi Supporting PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. Plant Jakarta. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jenuh. Jumlah responden sebanyak 45 responden. Metode analisis menggunakan: uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, analisis regresi linear berganda, korelasi berganda, uji uji F, koefisien determinasi dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil uji t kepemimpinan sebesar thitung 3,332 > ttabel 1,682 , taraf signifikasi sebesar 0,002 < 0,05, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hasil uji t untuk pelatihan sebesar thitung   2,253 > ttabel 1,682 dan taraf  signifikasi sebesar 0,03 < 0,05, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi berganda (R) sebesar 0,692 menunjukkan adanya hubungan korelasi yang kuat dan positif antara kepemimpinan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,454 menunjukkan kepemimpinan dan pelatihan mampu menjelaskan kinerja karyawan sebesar 45,4% sedangkan sisanya 54,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga dan Nilai Tukar Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan
Authors: Ardian Rifki , Hendayana Yayan , Sulistyowati Ari
Published: January 2024

Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) merupakan indeks yang menjadi cerminan dari kinerja perusahaan perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Ada banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi IHSG, seperti faktor makro dan mikro ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui  faktor makro ekonomi yang terdiri dari tingkat inflasi,  tingkat suku bunga dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap Index Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) periode 2018 – 2022. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu berjumlah 60 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan SPSS. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan inflasi, suku bunga dan nilai tukar berpengaruh terhadap IHSG, sedangkan secara parsial Inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IHSG, Suku bunga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IHSG dan Nilai tukar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IHSG.
ANALISIS KUALITATIF EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA DENGAN METODE MASERASI ETANOL 96%
Authors: Prastyoningsih Aris , Wijayanti W , Prawistya Sari Agnes , Parwati Linda , Bethananta Aji Berliana , Anif Nurlita Ressa
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang: Tanaman lidah buaya banyak dibudidayakan untuk pertanian, pengobatan, dan tanaman hias, dan dapat juga ditanam di dalam pot. Gel lidah buaya segar dapat langsung digunakan untuk pengobatan secara tradisional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui uji kualitatif fitokimia ekstrak lidah buaya.  Metode: metode yang digunakan adalah membuat ekstrak lidah buaya jenis A. Vera dan A. Barbandensis dengan metode maserasi etanol 96%. Dilanjutkan dengan uji fitokimia pada identifikasi alkaloid, flavonoid, sapinin dan tepenoid. Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lidah buaya A. Vera memiliki kandungan alkaloid lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan A. Barbandensis. Sedangkan ekstrak lidah buaya jenis A. Barbandensis memiliki kandungan Flavonoid dan Saponin lebih banyak. Diskusi: senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai komponen obat herbal untuk kesehatan.

Aloe vera plants are widely cultivated for agriculture, medicine and ornamental purposes, and can also be grown in pots. Fresh aloe vera gel can be used directly for traditional treatment. The aim of this research was to determine the qualitative test of the phytochemicals of aloe vera extract. Method: The method used is to make extracts of A. Vera and A. Barbandensis aloe vera using the 96% ethanol maceration method. Followed by phytochemical tests to identify alkaloids, flavonoids, sapinin and tepenoids. Results: The results of the study showed that A. Vera aloe vera contains more alkaloids than A. Barbandensis. Meanwhile, A. Barbandensis type aloe vera extract contains more flavonoids and saponins. Discussion: the phytochemical compounds contained in it can be used as components of herbal medicine for health.
Inflamación y daño pulmonar en infección por COVID-19
Authors: Gutiérrez Vera Cristián Alfonso , Stockle Matías Ignacio , Valderrama Pía , Zamorano Dagnino Sofía , Palacios Pedraza Pablo , González Muñoz Pablo Alberto , Kalergis Alexis , Carreño Márquez Leandro Javier
Published: January 2024

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), destaca por su alto nivel de transmisibilidad y morbilidad en la población general, pudiendo generar cuadros letales en individuos con enfermedades de base. Dicha infección se caracteriza principalmente por afectar al sistema respiratorio, produciendo un cuadro de síndrome gripal, asociado con mialgias, cefaleas, anosmia y ageusia, entre otros. Los mecanismos inmunológicos dirigidos contra el SARS-CoV-2 están mediados por células inmunes innatas que expresan receptores capaces de reconocer patrones moleculares asociados a este patógeno, relacionado a un ambiente pro-inflamatorio, necesario para controlar la infección, y que participa en la activación de la respuesta inmune adaptativa. Este proceso está representado por la producción de anticuerpos contra antígenos virales por parte de linfocitos B, y por la activación de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+. Sin embargo, en ciertos individuos, la respuesta inmune puede ser excesiva, produciéndose un aumento significativo en los niveles de distintas citoquinas pro-inflamatorias, causando un cuadro denominado “tormenta de citoquinas”. A nivel pulmonar, dicho cuadro causa infiltración leucocitaria y daño en el tejido, lo que afecta severamente la función de este tejido, lo que puede llegar a comprometer la vida del individuo. Una de las principales estrategias para disminuir el número de cuadros severos y graves asociados a COVID-19 ha sido el desarrollo de vacunas contra este virus, lo cual ha sido clave para limitar la propagación de este agente y reducir el riesgo de mortalidad.
Identificación de serotipos de cepas de Streptococcus agalactiae aisladas de la colonización vaginal de mujeres gestantes mediante PCR en tiempo real
Authors: Avilés Paloma , Escobar Daniel , Barra Gisselle , Díaz-Dinamarca Diego , Arata Loredana , Soto Daniel , Vásquez Abel , Diaz Janepsy
Published: January 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae es un agente colonizador vaginal intermitente. En mujeres embarazadas es considerado principal factor de riego de infecciones neonatales graves como meningitis, además de ser el causante de parto prematuro y muerte fetal. S. agalactiae se clasifica en 10 serotipos (Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII y IX) basado en la estructura de sus polisacáridos que componen su cápsula. Actualmente en Chile, la identificación de los serotipos está destinado solo a cepas aisladas de cuadros invasivos a través de métodos serológicos, lo que impide conocer la distribución de los serotipos de los aislados de mujeres gestantes y con ello la correlación con la distribución los serotipos de los aislados de cuadros invasivos. Los métodos para serotipificar las cepas de S. pueden ser costosas (aglutinación en látex) o laboriosas (serología tradicional), por lo que implementar métodos moleculares de alto desempeño puede ser una alternativa que permita abordar este problema. Por ello, este estudio realizó una evaluación de desempeño de técnicas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos (PCR de punto final y PCR en tiempo real) para 30 muestras previamente serotipificadas por métodos serológicos obtenidas de cuadros invasivos, observando altos porcentajes de sensibilidad y especificidad en la técnica de PCR en tiempo real. Finalmente, se procedió a serotipificar 17 aislados de S. agalactiae de colonización de mujeres gestantes entre las 35-37 semanas de embarazo. Se obtuvo un porcentaje del 100% en los parámetros de diagnostico para las muestras de aislados de colonización vaginal con las técnicas de PCR en tiempo real.   Por esto, se propone a la técnica de PCR en tiempo real como una alternativa de buen desempeño analítico para la identificación de los serotipos de S. agalactiae.
La lucha contra los virus
Authors: Valenzuela Bravo María Teresa
Published: January 2024

En estos momentos comenzamos a observar el descenso de la pandemia más relevante de este siglo, frente a la que una de las medidas de más alto impacto ha sido, una vez más, la vacuna. La pandemia COVID-19, si bien a nivel mundial y regional aún tenemos casos, durante el último mes, al 4 de junio 2023, los casos han disminuido en 38% y las muertes en 47%. Los casos confirmados acumulados, reportados a nivel mundial a esa fecha, ascendieron a 767 millones y las muertes superaron 6,9 millones. Lo importante es recordar que aún estamos en pandemia.En esta edición de la revista se publican interesantes artículos que nos permitirán avanzar en el conocimiento de la respuesta inmune frente a SARS-CoV-2, uno de ellos realiza una revisión sobre métodos  para avanzar en el conocimiento de la respuesta inmune en distintas poblaciones, para ello se están desarrollado nuevas herramientas en búsqueda de marcadores moleculares que permitirán discernir entre respuesta inmune humoral a la infección previo a la vacunación, la respuesta inmune inducida por vacunación y la inmunidad híbrida dada por infecciones previas o vacunación por la cepa ancestral. Ello nos permitirá comprender mejor los resultados de estudios de seroprevalencias que dan cuenta de la protección contra este virus y la duración de la inmunidad otorgada por estos distintos escenarios. (...)
Emergencias en farmacias comunitarias de Valencia (España). Salud Ocupacional farmacéutica.
Authors: Prieto Muñoz Bernardo
Published: January 2024

Introducción. Las farmacias comunitarias son establecimientos sanitarios privados de interés público, sujetos a la planificación sanitaria. Deben tener acceso libre y directo a la vía pública y carecer de barreras arquitectónicas que impidan el acceso de personas discapacitadas o con movilidad reducida.Objetivos. Detectar las situaciones de emergencia que puedan ocurrir en las farmacias comunitarias para posteriormente solucionarlas y que no causen ningún peligro a trabajadores y usuarios.Material y Métodos. Se realizaron entrevistas a farmacéuticos y técnicos en farmacia de 40 farmacias, lo cual supone un 10% del total de las farmacias en la ciudad de Valencia. Las preguntas realizadas fueron directas y sencillas de responder: ¿Qué tipo de emergencia sucedió en la farmacia en los últimos dos años? ¿Cómo se solucionó? ¿La farmacia cuenta con un plan de autoprotección?Resultados. Se detectaron cuatro tipos principales de emergencias en las farmacias estudiadas: incendios, derrame de productos químicos, choque eléctrico y hurto de sicótropos. Todas las farmacias estudiadas poseían un plan de autoprotección disponible por escrito para todos sus trabajadores. Conclusión. Las farmacias comunitarias en Valencia son establecimientos seguros para la práctica laboral sanitaria, ya que todo su personal, tanto farmacéuticos como técnicos, saben cómo actuar si se produce alguna situación de emergencia pues conocen el protocolo elaborado.
Salud Pública: construyendo “Cuidadanía”.
Authors: Fábrega Lacoa Ricardo
Published: January 2024

La salud pública es un pilar fundamental en la construcción del bienestar de las comunidades. Este componente clave de nuestra sociedad suele olvidarse en los “tiempos normales” y se re-conoce, a veces tardíamente, cuando ocurren eventos que requieren una fuerte capacidad de la autoridad sanitaria para hacerles frente. Este ha sido el caso a nivel global con la emergencia por Covid-19.Pero más allá de las emergencias, la salud pública es una disciplina de amplio campo de acción que está en el soporte de numerosas acciones cotidianas que hacen posible una vida mejor para cada una de las familias y comunidades. Cada vez que se come un alimento, cada vez que se trabaja en un ambiente seguro, cada vez que se ingiere un medicamento eficaz, cada vez que se respira aire no dañino en una zona urbana, hay un conjunto de reglas que lo hacen posible. Reglas apoyadas por investigaciones en salud pública e implementadas por un aparato público profesional y riguroso, con el apoyo del sector privado y la sociedad organizada.
A Robotic Teleoperation System Enhanced by Augmented Reality for Natural Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Wang Xingchao , Guo Shuqi , Xu Zijian , Zhang Zheyuan , Sun Zhenglong , Xu Yangsheng
Published: January 2024

Telekinesis, as commonly portrayed in science fiction literature and cinema, is a super power wherein users control and manipulate objects absent in physical interaction. In real world, enhancing human–robot interaction needs the synthesis of human intuitive processes with robotic arm. This paper introduces a robotic teleoperation system achieving the essence of telekinetic operations, combining the profound capabilities of augmented reality (AR) with the robotic arm operations. Utilizing AR, the proposed methodology offers operators with a visual feedback, facilitating a level of control surpassing the capacities of natural interfaces. By using AR-driven visual recognition, this system achieves operations in a virtual environment, subsequently actualized in the real world through the robotic arm. Through multiple experiments, we found that the system has a small margin of error in telekinesis operations, meeting the needs of remote operation. Furthermore, our system can operate on objects in the real world. These experiments underscore the capability of the remote control system to assist humans in accomplishing a wider range of tasks through the integration of AR and robotic arms, providing a natural human–robot interaction approach.
Toward Unified AI Drug Discovery with Multimodal Knowledge
Authors: Luo Yizhen , Liu Xing Yi , Yang Kai , Huang Kui , Hong Massimo , Zhang Jiahuan , Wu Yushuai , Nie Zaiqing
Published: January 2024

Background:
In real-world drug discovery, human experts typically grasp molecular knowledge of drugs and proteins from multimodal sources including molecular structures, structured knowledge from knowledge bases, and unstructured knowledge from biomedical literature. Existing multimodal approaches in AI drug discovery integrate either structured or unstructured knowledge independently, which compromises the holistic understanding of biomolecules. Besides, they fail to address the missing modality problem, where multimodal information is missing for novel drugs and proteins.
Methods:
In this work, we present KEDD, a unified, end-to-end deep learning framework that jointly incorporates both structured and unstructured knowledge for vast AI drug discovery tasks. The framework first incorporates independent representation learning models to extract the underlying characteristics from each modality. Then, it applies a feature fusion technique to calculate the prediction results. To mitigate the missing modality problem, we leverage sparse attention and a modality masking technique to reconstruct the missing features based on top relevant molecules.
Results:
Benefiting from structured and unstructured knowledge, our framework achieves a deeper understanding of biomolecules. KEDD outperforms state-of-the-art models by an average of 5.2% on drug–target interaction prediction, 2.6% on drug property prediction, 1.2% on drug–drug interaction prediction, and 4.1% on protein–protein interaction prediction. Through qualitative analysis, we reveal KEDD’s promising potential in assisting real-world applications.
Conclusions:
By incorporating biomolecular expertise from multimodal knowledge, KEDD bears promise in accelerating drug discovery.
ANALYZING NATURAL-LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE IN UNCERTAINTY ON THE BASIS OF DESCRIPTION LOGICS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, sl.krivoi@gmail.com, Kryvyi S. , Hoherchak H. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine,  gogerchak.g@gmail.com
Published: January 2024

The article overviews the means for describing and formally analyzing natural- language text knowledge under uncertainty. We consider a family of classic attribute languages and logics based on them, their properties, problems, and solution tools. We also give an overview of propositional n-valued logics and fuzzy logics, their syntax, and semantics. Based on the considered logical constructions, we propose syntax and set-theoretic interpretation of n-valued description logic ALCQn that provides means for describing concept intersection, union, complement, value restrictions, and qualitative and quantitative constraints. We consider the means for solving key problems of reasoning over such logics: executability, augmentation, equivalence, and disjunctivity. As an algorithm for calculating executability degree, we consider an extension of the tableau algorithm often used for first-order logic with solving simple numerical constraints. We prove that the algorithm is terminal, complete, and non-contradictory. We also provide several applications for the provided formal representation in natural language processing, including extending results of machine learning models, combining knowledge from multiple sources, and formally describing uncertain facts.
A CLASS OF RANDOM MATRICES
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, o.kyrychenko@chnu.edu.ua, Kyrychenko O.L.
Published: January 2024

The paper examines methods for assessing the distribution of elements in a stochastic matrix assuming an exponential distribution of elements in the corresponding adjacency matrix of a graph. Two cases are considered: the first assumes homogeneity of all graph vertices, while the second assumes heterogeneity in the distribution of vertices with corresponding density calculations. Hypothesis testing tests are formulated for the respective distributions to determine the membership of two graph vertices in the same cluster.
DETERMINING A PIECEWISE LINEAR TREND OF A NONSTATIONARY TIME SERIES BASED ON INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS. I. DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHOD
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, knopov1@yahoo.com, Knopov P.S. , Korkhin A.S. ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dnipro, Ukraine, a.s.korkhin@gmail.com
Published: January 2024

The problem of identifying the trend of a non-stationary time series is often encountered in various applications. In the article, this trend is proposed to be represented as a linear regression with unknown switching points. Typically, such a regression is built using mathematical programming methods. Moreover, the desired variables are mixed variables, which significantly complicates the problem’s solution. The article proposes a different approach based on data mining using statistical criteria. The algorithms described in the article are used to solve a number of problems, including one practical problem. The calculations showed satisfactory accuracy. Keywords: linear regression, algorithm, time series, trend, methods, mathematical programming.
SOME BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS OF FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL FILTRATION DYNAMICS WITH REGARD TO BIPARABOLIC MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, v_bulav@ukr.net, Bulavatsky V.M.
Published: January 2024

Closed-form solutions are obtained to some one-dimensional boundary-value problems for modeling anomalous filtration dynamics in a layered geoporous medium, posed within the framework of the fractional-differential generalization of the biparabolic evolutionary partial differential equation of the fourth order. In particular, the formulation and solution of the direct and inverse model boundary-value problems of geofiltration dynamics based on the mathematical model with conjugation conditions are presented, and the conditions of the existence of regular solutions to these problems are defined. Keywords: mathematical modeling, fractional-differential dynamics of geofiltration processes, nonclassical models, biparabolic evolutionary equation, the fractional-differential analog of the biparabolic evolutionary equation, nonstationary boundary-value problems on a finite interval, direct and inverse problems, conjugation conditions, closed-form solutions.
SOME MODELS OF INVENTORY LEVEL OPTIMIZATION IN LOGISTICS PROCESSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, avoina@hotmail.com, Voina O.A.
Published: January 2024

The problems of optimal inventory control under uncertainty are considered. The approaches to the construction of nearly optimal strategies in models with external support of resources are proposed. The examples of stockpiling processes in logistics systems, which are characterized by the existence of moments of regeneration, illustrate the methodology of analytical computer modeling and algorithms for finding optimal solutions. Keywords: logistics processes, inventory control, decisions under uncertainty, external supply, optimal strategy, computer modeling.
Keharmonisan Keluarga dan Distres Psikologis pada Anak Perempuan Dewasa: Empati sebagai Mediator
Authors: Nerviadi Dwirana Iriska , Nurwianti Fivi
Published: January 2024

Perempuan tumbuh dengan berbagai peran yang terbentuk di masyarakat. Secara umum, perempuan diharapkan berkontribusi dalam menjaga kesejahteraan dan keseimbangan di dalam keluarga. Sedangkan secara spesifik, prioritas anak perempuan dalam budaya kolektivis adalah menjadi anak yang “baik”, meliputi kemampuan untuk menjaga kondisi harmonis dalam keluarga. Kendati demikian, diketahui anak perempuan yang mulai beranjak dewasa masih sulit memahami kompleksnya menjawab peran tersebut. Ketidakhadiran kondisi harmonis dalam keluarga memiliki porsi dalam kemunculan distres psikologis pada individu. Salah satu faktor protektif dari distres psikologis adalah empati, yakni kemampuan untuk memahami pandangan dan perasaan orang lain tanpa berada pada situasi serupa. Empati dapat mendorong pembentukan perilaku prososial dan afek diri yang lebih positif, sehingga memungkinan anak perempuan dewasa memiliki interaksi yang lebih harmonis bersama keluarga dan kondisi psikologis yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mediasi melalui empati dalam hubungan keharmonisan keluarga terhadap distres psikologis pada anak perempuan dewasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori non-eksperimental dengan teknik pengambilan data purposive sampling, melibatkan sebanyak 202 partisipan wanita dengan rentang usia 18-40 tahun (M=24, SD=3,34). Pengukuran terhadap variabel penelitian dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Family Harmony Scale-24 (FHS-24), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), dan Basic Empathy Scale (BES). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empati memiliki efek mediasi dalam hubungan antara keharmonisan keluarga dan distres psikologis pada anak perempuan dewasa. Dapat disimpulkan, tingkat keharmonisan keluarga dan empati yang lebih tinggi dapat membantu menurunkan tingkat distres psikologis. Hasil penelitian juga mendukung aplikasi intervensi melalui pendekatan empathic communication untuk meningkatkan kondisi keharmonisan keluarga dan menurunkan distres psikologis pada anak perempuan dewasa.
La gobernanza de la migración y el desarrollo impulsada por las empresas: un reto para la sociedad civil
Authors:   Universidad de Linköping, Suecia, Likić-Brborić Branka
Published: January 2024

The present article addresses the making of transnational migration governance as part and parcel of an enduring hegemonic pursuit of neoliberal globalisation, involving global governance making, asymmetric development governance and the shift from multilateral to multistakeholder global governance. It argues that the inclusion of migration into Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the endorsement of the GCM, which emphasize a solidarity-based, «whole-of-society» approach to migration, development, migrants, and human rights, have been hijacked by the corporate-driven multistakeholder approach, propelled by the World Economic Forum (WEF). This new development approach, also embraced by the global development agencies, projects multi-stakeholder governance, a voluntary global cooperation of selected state and non-state actors and a Global Risk Management framework to control the implementation of sustainable development. The main question is if and how civil society organizations promote a comprehensive, solidarity-based approach to migration and development against the challenges of business actors as main development agents and their managerial plan.
Yüksek Yapılarda Baza Tipolojileri ve Tarihsel Gelişimi
Authors: YILDIZ Asli
Published: January 2024

Çalışmada yüksek yapıların kentsel çevre ile etkileşimi sağlayan en önemli bileşeni olarak bazalar incelenmektedir. Bazaların yüksek yapıların i̇lk üretilmeye başlandığı 19. yy’dan günümüze kadar geçen süreçte kronolojik olarak nasıl bir gelişim gösterdiği ve tipolojik biçimlenişleri altı (6) döneme göre değerlendirilmiştir. Fonksiyonel Dönem, Eklektik Dönem, Art-Deco Dönemi, Uluslararası Dönem, Postmodern Dönem ve Yüksek Teknoloji Dönemi olarak incelenen çalışmada, her bir dönemi temsil eden onar (10) yapı üzerinden baza biçimlenişleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılara ait veriler Yüksek Yapı Konseyi’nin (CTBUH) veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Dönemlere göre yüksek yapılarda bazaların nasıl biçimlen-diği, hangi etkenlerin belirleyici olduğu, form, doku, renk, doluluk-boşluk, transparanlık ve malzeme kullanımı gibi özellikler bakımından değer-lendirilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre; her bir dönemde bazalar farklı bir anlam taşımakta, kullanım amacı ve bazalara olan gereksinimler değişmektedir. Bazaların yapısal biçimlenişlerinin dönemlerin teknolojik gelişmişliğine, mimari akımların ve stillerin etkisine, i̇mar yönetmelikle-rine ve yatırımcıların taleplerine bağlı olarak şekillendikleri görülmüştür. Çalışma bulgularına göre daha geleneksel ve klasik döneme öykünen yapılarda bazalar daha net bir şekilde ifade edilirken; modern ve teknolojik yapılarda bazalar yapı formu ile bütünleşmektedir. Sonuç olarak bazalar geçmişten günümüze çeşitli anlamsal dönüşümler geçirmekle birlikte, yüksek yapıların kentsel çevreyle kurucu bir öğesi olarak önemini korumaya devam etmektedir.
Comparative analysis of the developed method of preoperative planning in primary hip arthroplasty
Authors: Varfolomeev Denis I.
Published: January 2024

Aim – to conduct a comparative assessment of the accuracy of the developed method of preoperative planning for primary hip arthroplasty.
Material and methods. The "Method of preoperative planning in hip arthroplasty" and special device were developed to improve the accuracy of preoperative planning and reduce the number of complications. A clinical study was conducted in the comparison groups. In the main group (50 patients), we used the proposed method in the pre-operative planning; in the control group the patients were prepared for the operation using a standard planning method. The accuracy of evaluation of implant sizes, limb length and offset were registered in the post-operative period. The preoperative planning data were compared with the results obtained.
Results. The accuracy of offset estimation in the main group was higher than in the control group (T-criterion = -2.6; p = 0.01). The average difference between the estimated offset and the one obtained in the main group was 1.4±1.5 mm, in the control group it was 2.2±1.7 mm. The error in head size estimation in the main group was less than in the control group (odds ratio = 3.02). No significant differences were registered in determining the size of components of the endoprosthesis, and there were no differences in the leg length in the study groups.
Conclusion. The developed method allows for improving the accuracy of preoperative planning in hip arthroplasty. The proposed device ensures the correct placement of patients when performing pelvic radiography, and also makes it easy to change it when performing this procedure.