bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (C. capitata) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution
Authors: HALLOUTI Ayoub , HAMZA Mohamed AIT , ZAHIDI Abdelaziz , HAMMOU Rachid AIT , BOUHARROUD Rachid , AOUMAR Abdellah AIT BEN , BOUBAKER Hassan
Published: July 2020

Background: Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (C. capitata) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results: A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated strong influence of origin, physical and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA) the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions: These results provide guidance on identifying suitable soils for effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.
Fatigability is closely associated with discoordination between heart rate variability and physical acceleration during free-moving days in younger women
Authors: Taniguchi Kentaro , Shimouchi Akito , Jinno Naoya , Seiyama Akitoshi
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFatigability is related to several diseases and the autonomic nervous system. We investigated whether fatigability is associated with the coordination between the physical acceleration (PA) and heart rate variability (HRV) in women.MethodOverall, 95 adult women were divided into younger group (n = 50; age: 22–59 years) and older group (n = 45; age: ≥ 60 years). HRV and PA data were simultaneously obtained every minute for 24 h. We defined %lag0 as the percent ratio of lag = 0 min between HRV and PA in 1 h. Cornell Medical Index was used to determine the degrees of physical and psychological symptoms.ResultsIn the younger group in the hour before sleep, the participants with high fatigability scores had significantly lower (p < 0.05) %lag0 than did those with low fatigability %lag0. Additionally, those with higher fatigability combined with exhaustion in the morning had significantly lower %lag0 than did those without exhaustion in the hour before sleep but not in the hour after waking up (p < 0.05).DiscussionThese results suggest that the coordination between HRV and PA in younger women was closely associated with their fatigability in the hour before sleep. Additionally, exhaustion in the morning may be related to the discoordination of HRV and PA the previous night.
Factors affecting root migration after coronectomy of the mandibular third molar
Authors: Lee Nan-ju , Jung Seo-Yeon , Park Kyeong-Mee , Choi Yiseul , Huh Jisun , Park Wonse
Published: July 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to analyze root migration and its influencing factors at 6 months after coronectomy in both two- and three-dimensions using periapical view and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Thrity-three cases of root remnant after coronectomy were included and analyzed. We measured the amount of migration in CBCT. The following factors that could possibly affect root migration were also analyzed: age, gender, number of mandibular third molar (M3) roots, shape of M3s, Pell and Gregory classification, mesiodistal (MD) angulation, buccolingual (BL) angulation, contact point with the second molar, root curvature, and complete removal of the coronal portion. Results Migration of greater than 2 mm was found in 64% of the roots in the 2D analysis, and the average root migration was 4.11 mm in the 3D analysis. The factors affecting migration were the root morphology, complete removal of the coronal portion, impaction depth, and MD angulation in the 2D analysis, and MD and BL angulation in the 3D analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, complete removal of the coronal portion and ensuring sufficient space for root migration might be important factors after coronectomy of the M3. Clinical relevance Root remnant after coronectomy of M3 may migrate in young patients who has sufficient empty coronal space and this may reduce the nerve damage by the separation of IAN and M3.
Gut microbiota composition and functional prediction in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Mei Lijun , Zhou Jiaoli , Su Yimo , Mao Kunhong , Wu Jing , Zhu Caicai , He Ling , Cui Ying
Published: July 2020

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and difficult to treat and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut mircobiota. However, differences in gut mircobiota of patients in different regions make it more difficult to elucidate the mechanism of IBS. We performed an analysis of gut microbiota composition and functional prediction in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 30 IBS-D patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) in Nanchang, China. Using 16S gene sequence profiles, we analyzed the abundance of dominant microbiota at different taxonomy levels. Based on 16S information, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to predicting the function of gut microbiota.Results: Compared to HCs, gut microbiota richness but not diversity was decreased in IBS-D patients. The abundant phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased significantly, and Proteobacteria increased significantly in IBS-D patients. PICRUSt indicated that function expression of gut microbiota in IBS-D patients was up-regulated in metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and down-regulated in environmental adaptation, cell growth and death.Conclusions: Compared with the normal population in China, IBS-D patients are characterized by complex and unstable gut microbiota, which may influence inflammation and metabolism of the host.
MAP kinase phosphatase MKP-1 regulates p-ERK1/2 signaling pathway with fluoride treatment
Authors: Zhao Lin , Su Jiali , Liu Sijia , Li Yang , Li Tao , Ruan Jianping , Liang Kristina Xiao , Huang Ruizhe
Published: July 2020

Background
Dental fluorosis is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. Excess fluoride could have effects on the ERK signaling, which is essential for the ameloblasts differentiation and tooth development. MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) plays a critical role in regulating ERK related kinases. However, the role of MKP-1 in ameloblast and the mechanisms of MKP-1/ERK signaling in the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis are incompletely understood.
Results
Here, we adopted an in vitro fluorosis cell model using murine ameloblasts-like LS8 cells by employing sodium fluoride (NaF) as inducer. Using this system, we demonstrated that fluoride exposure led to an inhibition of p- MEK and p-ERK1/2 with a subsequent increase in MKP-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. We further identified, under high dose fluoride, MKP-1 acted as a negative regulator of the fluoride-induced p-ERK1/2 signaling, leading to downregulation of CREB, c-myc, and Elk-1.
Conclusion
Our results identify a novel MKP-1/ERK signaling mechanism that regulates dental fluorosis and provide a framework for studying the molecular mechanisms of intervention and fluorosis remodeling under normal and pathological conditions. MKP-1 inhibitors may prove to be a benefit therapeutic strategy for dental fluorosis treatment.
Hypertension But Not Heart Failure or Coronary Artery Disease is Associated with Mental Disorders
Authors: Namdar Hossein , Jamshidi Fatemeh , Ezzati Davoud , Zakeri raana , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous studies have emphasized the significant association between depression, anxiety, and stress and hypertension (HTN), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, among included patients with HF or CAD in those studies, there were considerable proportions of patients with concomitant HTN and vice versa leading to some possible bias in final estimations. Therefore, we aimed to exclude those patients with concomitant diseases and reassess the association between these three prevalent cardiovascular diseases with three important psychological disorders. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 patients were evaluated, including 100 with HTN (without a history or concomitant HF or CAD), 100 with HF (without HTN or CAD), and 100 with CAD (without HTN or HF). Moreover, 100 healthy volunteers were considered as the control group. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 was used to measure the magnitude of depression, anxiety, and stress. Result: The average scores of 4.6, 9.1, 3.7, and 4.4 for depression, 3.9, 11.1, 4.1, and 3.6 for anxiety and 6.5, 13.6, 5.2, and 5.4 for stress were detected in control, HTN, CAD, and HF groups, respectively. The depression, anxiety, and stress scores of HTN group were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05), CAD (p<0.05) and HF (p<0.05) groups; this is while these scores were not significantly different between other study groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significantly higher magnitude of psychological disorders in patients with HTN. However, their magnitude in patients with HF and CAD without concomitant HTN were similar to those in healthy participants.
The Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin Via Fascin Suppression Through JAK/STAT3 Pathway on Metastasis and Recurrence of Ovary Cancer cells.
Authors: Kim Mi Ju
Published: July 2020

Background: fascin is an actin-binding protein and highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. It is associated with metastasis of cancer and may be a useful prognostic factor. Anticancer activity of curcumin is related to its effect on several signaling mechanisms. Although there have been many reports regarding the anticancer properties of curcumin, its inhibitory effects on migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, particularly in the context of fascin expression, have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on fascin expression in ovarian cancer cells and to propose a possible mechanism for the anticancer activity of curcumin through reduced fascin expression. Methods : SKOV3, human epithelial ovary cancer cell line, was cultured with curcumin at various dose and duration. The fascin was quantified using cell viability test and Western blot. To determine the effect of curcumin on the upstream pathway of fascin expression, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was analyzed by sandwich-ELISA. Attachment assay, migration assay and invasion assay were analyzed to approve the change of cellular invasiveness of ovary cancer after curcumin. To determine the morphological changes of ovarian cancer cells by curcumin, immunofluorescence was performed.Results : MTS assays showed that cell viability was different at various concentration of curcumin, and as concentration increased, cell viability tended to decrease. Curcumin appears to suppress fascin expression, even with a minimal concentration and short exposure time. Also, curcumin may suppress fascin expression in ovarian cancer cells through STAT3 downregulation. The attachment assay, migration assay and invasion assay of the ovarian cancer cells exhibited a statistically significant decrease. Immunofluorescence revealed a change of cell shape from a typical form of uninfluenced cells to a more polygonal appearance, with a significant reduction in filopodia formation.Conclusions: Curcumin reduces fascin expression through JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition, which interferes with the cellular interactions essential for the metastasis and recurrence of ovarian cancer cells. Higher curcumin concentrations and longer exposure times concomitantly decreased fascin expression.
The difference between actual and perceived body weight association with mental wellbeing in a sample of 10-11 year old children in England: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles , Kunonga Edward , Mujuni Brian , Wamala Patrick , Muwagga Anthony M , Kabanda Joseph , Ibingira Charles
Published: July 2020

Background

In a society, where the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is relatively high, making childhood overweight the ‘norm’, some children view themselves as being of ideal weight when they are actually overweight or obese. At the same time, there is also evidence showing that children as young as nine, are becoming increasingly body conscious, leading to a potential overestimation of body weight status in these children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between mental wellbeing and perceived and actual body weight status among children aged 10–11 years old.
Methods

The study was undertaken in 24 primary schools within one health authority area in the North East of England, UK. 264 children aged 10–11 years old (Year 6) self completed a series of questionnaires within school hours which included the general health questionnaire (GHQ), strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and specific questions about how they perceived their body weight status prior to being weighed and measured as part of the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP). The parents of participating children also completed and returned a form reporting the height and weight results from their child’s NCMP feedback letter.
Results

Most of the children misclassified their body weight status, but not always in the same direction. Approximately 1 in 10 ideal weight children perceived themselves to be overweight. However over three quarters of overweight children perceived themselves to be of an ideal weight. In this study sample, mental well-being was not associated with actual body weight status, but it was associated with perceived body weight status; those children who perceived themselves to be an ideal body weight, regardless of what their actual body weight status, had better mental well-being than those who perceived themselves to be either underweight, overweight, or obese (again, regardless of their actual BMI).
Conclusions

The study strengthens the understanding of the potential relationship between mental well-being and perceived body weight status in 10–11 year old children. The phenomenon of children misperceiving their weight status could on one hand lead to unnecessary mental health problems whilst on the other hand undermine efforts to support interventions aimed towards combating weight problems among children. Surveillance and monitoring programmes e.g. the NCMP which weigh and measure children and feedback their true weight status need to be encouraged.
Nanoscale Real-Time Detection of Quantum Vortices at Millikelvin Temperatures
Authors: Guthrie Andrew , Kafanov Sergey , Noble Mark , Pashkin Yuri , Pickett George , Tsepelin Viktor , Dorofeev Alexander , Krupenin Vladimir , Presnov Denis
Published: July 2020

Since we still lack a theory of classical turbulence, attention has focused on the conceptually simpler turbulence in quantum fluids. Can such systems of identical singly-quantized vortices provide a physically accessible "toy model" of the classical counterpart? That said, we have hitherto lacked detectors capable of the real-time, non-invasive probing of the wide range of length scales involved in quantum turbulence. However, we demonstrate here the real-time detection of quantum vortices by a nanoscale resonant beam in superﬂuid 4He at 10 mK. The basic idea is that we can trap a single vortex along the length of a nanobeam and observe the transitions as a vortex is either trapped or released, which we observe through the shift in the resonant frequency of the beam. With a tuning fork source, we can control the ambient vorticity density and follow its influence on the vortex capture and release rates. But, most important, we show that these devices are capable of probing turbulence on the micron scale.
Atmospheric Relative Humidity Can Increase the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Qing , Wang Lei , Wang Hongbin , Gui Wenjing
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 has been spreading around the world since the end of 2019, and there is no sign of a slowdown. Previous studies on seasonality of similar infectious diseases have hinted that meteorological factors may influence COVID-19 outbreaks as well1. Here we show, based on data collected in 132 cities of China, that relative humidity, as an essential meteorological indicator, is positively correlated with the growth rate of incidence of COVID-19, which contradicts previous research findings. Our result suggests an increasing risk of COVID-19 cases as summer and rain seasons arrive in many places of the world. They also help countries and regions to formulate pandemic prevention and control measures and policies according to local meteorological characteristics.
Systematic elucidation of the molecular mechanism of scutellarin against osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology
Authors: Guo Shijia , Zhang Xinan , Sun mingli
Published: July 2020

Background

Scutellarin was reported to exerted inhibitive effects on osteoarthritis, However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated underlying multi-target mechanisms of scutellarin against osteoarthritis by using network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking.
Results

Scutellarin exerted inhibitive effects on osteoarthritis by regulating the function of several new signaling pathways, such as TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis showed there was better interaction between scutellarin and several NF-kB signaling proteins, including NFKBIA, RELA and NFKB1. In addition, the results showed Pi-cation, Pi-donor-hydrogen and Pi-alkyl were the main forms of interaction between scutellarin and NFKB1 and NFKBIA, Pi-Pi T-shaped, Pi-alkyl and hydrogen bonding were the main forms of interaction between scutellarin and RELA.
Conclusion

Taken together, TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway were possible signaling pathways, NFKBIA, RELA and NFKB1were possible targets associated with the activities of scutellarin against osteoarthritis. However, it is imperative that these targets should be thoroughly verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
The interaction between TERT promoter mutation and MGMT promoter methylation on overall survival of glioma patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Nguyen Thu Quynh , Ngo Tam N.M , Nguyen Hoang Cong , Fung Kar-Ming , Dunn Ian F.
Published: July 2020

Background
There are controversial results concerning the prognostic implication of TERT promoter mutation in glioma patients concerning MGMT status. In this meta-analysis, we investigated whether there are any interactions of these two genetic markers on the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients.
Methods
Electronic databases including PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. Hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS adjusted for selected covariates were calculated from the individual patient data (IPD), Kaplan-Meier curve (KMC), or directly obtained from the included studies.
Results
A total of nine studies comprising 2819 glioma patients were included for meta-analysis. Our results showed that TERT promoter mutation was associated with a superior outcome in MGMT-methylated gliomas (HR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.55–0.98; p-value = 0.04), whereas this mutation was associated with poorer survival in gliomas without MGMT methylation (HR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.54–2.26; p-value < 0.001). TERT-mutated glioblastoma (GBM) patients with MGMT methylation benefited from temozolomide (TMZ) treatment (HR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.23–0.47; p-value < 0.001). MGMT methylation was not related with any improvement in OS in TERT-wild type GBMs (HR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.56–1.15; p-value = 0.23).
Conclusions
The prognostic value of TERT promoter mutation may be modulated by MGMT methylation status. Not all MGMT-methylated GBM patients may benefit from TMZ; it is possible that only TERT-mutated GBM with MGMT methylation, in particular, may respond.
The Influence of Training Outcome and Competency on Effective Utilization of Malaria Microscopy Result by Health Professionals In South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Chinyere Ihuarulam , Ihenetu Francis Chukwuebuka , Dunga Kingsley Excel , Achigbu Kingsley , Ejiogu Ikechukwu V , Obasi Chidera C. , Okoro Oluchi I. , Okoro Chigozie O. , Anikwo Emeka S.
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMalaria diagnosis in Nigeria was largely done based on clinical presentations until recently when the policy on parasitological confirmation of all suspected malaria cases before treatment was released by the government in 2011. One of the possible causes of over-diagnosis and over treatment of malaria in Nigeria is poor utilization of Malaria test results in health care delivery. This study demonstrates the influence of in-service training on malaria microscopy amongst medical laboratory scientists on the utilization of malaria microscopy results in a selected Government Health Facility in Nigeria.MethodThe base line study was conducted in 2014 while a follow up study where pre tested questionnaire on perception and utilization of malaria microscopy results by Health care providers in malaria case management were administered to end users of laboratory results in selected secondary health facilities; Basic malaria microscopy training was subsequently conducted for medical laboratory scientists working in these selected facilities in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) basic microscopy training manual. The training was followed up by a supportive supervision visit to the Medical Laboratories where other factors that can adversely affect microscopy results such as the necessary equipment and reagents for staining and visualization, good working conditions were addressed and put in place by the participating health facilities.Furthermore, During the basic and refresher training, Test scores was extracted using Microsoft Office Excel® 2010 template; data was cleaned and exported to Stata 11, Stata Corp. 2009. Stata Statistical Software: Release 11. College Station, TX: Stata Corp LP for data analysis. To assess the performance after the training intervention, paired-test was used to determine if there was any significant difference between the performance scores before and after the training and between the basic and refresher training.ResultThe study demonstrates a significant improvement in both the basic and refresher training mean parasite detection pre-and post-tests scores from 56.3% (95% CI 53.6-58.8%) to 77.7% (95% CI 74.4-80.2%) and 76.7 (95% CI 74.2-79.2%) to 91.2% (95% CI 88.3-94.1%)(P< 0.001). Comparing the baseline and follow up study, and the assessment of facilities’ malaria test request and utilization pattern within the study period,there was significant difference when comparing the rate of utilization of malaria result from the trained Medical Laboratory Scientists (p< 0.001).ConclusionThe increase in utilization of malaria microscopy result for effective case management of malaria in the study area was influenced by training outcome and competency of Medical Laboratory Scientists.
Application of a three-dimensional high-definition exoscope in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Yao Zhi-Peng , Xiong Chen-Jie , Huang Bi-Wang , Yao Ya-Wei , Kang Hui , Xu Feng
Published: July 2020

Background

Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Microscope assisted MIS-TLIF was also reported favorable clinical outcomes and low complication rates, while limitations can include depth of field, illumination, and ergonomics. The exoscope has been introduced as an alternative to microscopes. In this report, we describe the application of the 3-dimensional (3D), high-definition (HD) exoscope for MIS-TLIF, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Methods

Six patients were performed 3D-HD exoscope-assisted MIS-TLIF from September 2019 to December 2019. The exoscope was used [Kestrel View II, WEALTH CONCORD MITAKA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESCO., LTD. OF SHANGHAI, CHINA] during soft tissue dissection, discectomy, decompression, and cage insertion.
Results

The exoscope provided an excellent 3D view of the surgical field and allowed us to effectively and safely perform the surgical steps. All 6 patients experienced excellent surgical outcomes. The main advantages of the 3D exoscope include the possibility to provide excellent, magnified, and illuminated 3D-HD images of the surgical field to the entire operating room and serving as an excellent training tool.
Conclusion

We believe that the 3D exoscope will be a safe and effective tool to perform MIS-TLIF.
Antibiotic Use, Disposal and Awareness of Human Health Risk Associated With Consuming Antibiotics in Groundwater Among People Living in Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Karimi Kellen Joyce , A. Aijaz , A.G. Duse , M. Mwanthi A. , R. Ayah
Published: July 2020

Background: Informal settlements across SSA have proliferated with increased urban population. Characterized by inadequate water supply, inhabitants resort to groundwater for domestic use. This happens oblivious of water contamination with emerging contaminants in form of antibiotics and their derivatives. Development of antibiotic resistant genes and antibiotic resistant bacteria, causes ill health, thus interventions that increase level of awareness of health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics are requisite. This involves protecting human, animal and environmental in totality in a One-Health approach. This study sought to determine antibiotic use, disposal and level of awareness of health effects associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 447 households in selected informal settlements of Kisumu County, Kenya was conducted in September 2019. A structured questionnaire was generated based on research questions and administered to heads of households to assess, antibiotic use, disposal and level of awareness of health effects associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.Results: Level of awareness of health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics was low, 35% (n=156), especially among households where a member had used an antibiotic within one month prior to the time of study; p=0.03. Groundwater was used by 99.8% (n=446) for various purposes, including drinking (9% (n=40)), cooking (18%(n=43)), washing utensils (79% (n=353)), clothes (96% (427)) and house (95% (421)). About half the households reported antibiotic use 43% (n=193). Among this, 74% (n=144) consulted a health worker in a healthcare facility for prescription. Respondents who had taken antibiotics did not always complete doses but reported to have kept the remainder for next time they would get sick (54%). About 32% disposed remainder of antibiotics in pit latrines, compost pits (10%) while 4% reported to have burnt them. Conclusion and recommendation:Groundwater is the major water source for domestic use in informal settlements. With low awareness of risks associated with consuming water contaminated with antibiotics, a looming public health concern due to antibiotic resistance necessitate attention to avert health effects that may lead to ill health.
Diagnostic model incorporating clinicopathological characteristics of Delphian lymph node metastasis risk profiles in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Li Xingchen , Duan Yuansheng , Liu Dandan , Liu Hongwei , Zhou Mengqian , Yue Kai , Shuai Yanjie , Wang Yu , Jing Chao , Wu Yansheng , Wang Xudong
Published: July 2020

Background

Delphian lymph node (DLN), also known as prelaryngeal node, is the component of central lymph node (Level VI). DLN has been well studied in laryngeal cancer while less in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, increasing attention has been payed to its clinical value in PTC lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic risk factors for DLN metastasis and to calibrate an informative diagnosis model for predicting risk stratification in DLN metastasis.
Methods

Retrospectively analysis 936 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy by a single surgeon, in the department of Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Moreover, 250 PTC patients underwent thyroidectomy by another surgeon at Tianjin Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and April 2019 were used as a validation cohort. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify clinicopathologic risk factors associated with DLN metastasis. A diagnostic model was generated using logistic regression, and internal validation and external validation were also performed. Predictive performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calibration plot. A nomogram plot was drawn to predict individual risk based on the diagnosis prediction model.
Results

In 936 cases, 581 (62.1%) show DLN, and 177 (177/581,30.5%) were verified metastasis. DLN metastasis was significantly associated with gender, age, tumor size, bilateral cancer, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion and central and lateral neck lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroid extension, lymphovascular invasion and central lymph node metastasis were independent risk factor of DLN metastasis. The nomogram included age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroid extension, lymphovascular invasion and central lymph node metastasis, and all these features had a specificity of 100%. Particularly, tumor size was the best single predictor. The diagnostic model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.829 (95% confidence interval, 0.804–0.854). Internal and external validation of nomogram was 0.819 and 0.745, respectively.
Conclusions

DLN metastasis appears to be an important parameter that predict metastatic disease of the central compartments. To assess DLN metastasis in more precise criterions, has great clinical significance for PTC treatment selection.
U-Shaped Association Between the Triglycerides-Glucose index and the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Apparently Healthy Population: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Xuan Xiuping , Hamaguchi Masahide , Cao Qiuli , Takuro Okamura , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Obora Akihiro , Kojima Takao , Fukui Michiaki , Yuan Guandou , Guo Zhenya , Luo Zuojie , Qin Yingfen , Luo Xiaoping , Xie Xuemei
Published: July 2020

Background

Although the triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index was thought to be a practical predictor of incident diabetes, the association between them has not been well characterized. The study aimed to further examine the association between the TyG index and incident diabetes in Japanese adults.
Methods

The cases were extracted of the individual participating in the NAGALA (NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) study at Murakami Memorial Hospital from 2004 to 2015, and 14297individuals apparently healthy at baseline were included in the study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between baseline TyG levels and incident of T2DM, and a two-piecewise linear regression model was use to examine the threshold effect of the baseline TyG on incident diabetes using a smoothing function. The threshold level (i.e., turning point) was determined using trial and error. A log likelihood ratio test was also conducted to compare the one-line linear regression model with a two-piecewise linear model.
Results

During a median follow-up period of 5.26 (women) and 5.88 (men) years, 47 women and 182 men developed Type 2 diabetes. The risk of diabetes was strongly associated with the baseline TyG index in the fully adjusted model in men but not in women, and no dose-dependent positive relationship between incident diabetes and TyG was observed across TyG tertiles. Intriguingly, two-piecewise linear regression analysis showed a U-shaped association between the TyG index and incident T2DM. The risk of incident diabetes decreased by around 90% in women with TyG < 7.27 (HR: 0.09; P = 0.0435) and 80% in men with TyG < 7.97 (HR 0.21, P = 0.002) with each increment of the TyG index after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, the risk of incident T2DM significantly elevated with the increase in TyG index in men with TyG > 7.97 (HR: 2.42, P < 0.001) and women with TyG > 7.29 (HR 2.76, P = 0.0166).
Conclusions

A U-shaped association was observed between the TyG index and incident T2DM among healthy individuals, with the TyG threshold of 7.97 in men and 7.27 in women. This information may be useful for reducing incident diabetes by maintaining the TyG index near these thresholds.
Pros and Cons of Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: A Secondary Study of Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Zhao Binghao , Wu Qian , Wang Li , Liao Chen , Dong Yifei , Xu Jingsong , Wei Yiping , Zhang Wenxiong
Published: July 2020

Background and aims

Aspirin leads to substantial benefits for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to cast more light on aspirin’s role for the primary prevention of CVD.
Methods

Databases were searched for clinical trials comparing aspirin vs. no aspirin use in this meta-analysis. Efficacy and safety profiles were rigorously investigated. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to determine the robustness of the results.
Results

Fourteen studies with 163 840 participants were eligible (mean follow-up 6.2 y). Aspirin intake was found to be associated with 9%, 13%, and 12% reductions in the risk of cardiovascular events (CV events) (relative risk [RR]: 0.91, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.87–0.96), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.97) and ischaemic stroke (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96), respectively; aspirin intake was also associated with 40%, 30%, and 57% increases in the risk of major bleeding (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.29–1.53), intracranial bleeding (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52) and major gastrointestinal bleeding (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.38–1.78), respectively. Further, populations with low doses of aspirin intake (≤ 100 mg), populations < 65 y old or populations with body mass index (BMI) ≧ 25 experienced more advantages; high-risk (10-y cardiovascular risk ≧ 10%) and full diabetic individuals reported hardly clinical benefits.
Conclusions

Aspirin intake was associated with a reduced risk of CV events and an increased incidence of bleeding profiles in primary prevention. It is necessary to identify individual’s CVD risk using clear examinations or assessments before aspirin intake, and truly realize individualized prescription.
The Additive Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Left Ventricular Deformation and Myocardial Perfusion in Essential Hypertension: a 3.0T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Li Xue-Ming , Jiang Li , Guo Ying-Kun , Ren Yan , Han Pei-Lun , Peng Li-Qing , Shi Rui , Yan Wei-Feng , Yang Zhigang
Published: July 2020

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risks of heart failure and mortality in patients with hypertension, however the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of coexisting T2DM on left ventricular (LV) deformation and myocardial perfusion in hypertensive individuals.
Materials and Methods
Seventy hypertensive patients without T2DM [HTN(T2DM-)], forty patients with T2DM [HTN(T2DM+)] and 37 age- and sex-matched controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial strains, including global radial (GRPS), circumferential (GCPS) and longitudinal peak strain (GLPS), and resting myocardial perfusion indices, including upslope, time to maximum signal intensity (TTM), and max signal intensity (MaxSI), were measured and compared among groups by analysis of covariance after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and heart rate followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Backwards stepwise multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effects of T2DM on LV strains and myocardial perfusion indices in patients with hypertension.
Results
Both GRPS and GLPS deteriorated significantly from controls, through HTN(T2DM-), to HTN(T2DM+) group; GCPS in HTN(T2DM+) group was lower than those in both HTN(T2DM-) and control groups. Compared with controls, HTN(T2DM-) group showed higher myocardial perfusion, and HTN(T2DM+) group exhibited lower perfusion than HTN(T2DM-) group and controls. Multiple regression analyses considering covariates of systolic blood pressure, age, sex, BMI, heart rate, smoking, indexed LV mass and eGFR demonstrated that T2DM was independently associated with LV strains (GRPS: p = 0.002, model R2 = 0.383; GCPS: p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.472; and GLPS: p = 0.002, model R2 = 0.424, respectively) and perfusion indices (upslope: p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.293; TTM: p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.299; and MaxSI: p < 0.001, model R2 = 0.268, respectively) in hypertension. When both T2DM and perfusion indices were included in the regression analyses, both T2DM and TTM were independently associated with GRPS (p = 0.044 and 0.017, model R2 = 0.390) and GCPS (p = 0.002 and 0.001, model R2 = 0.424), and TTM but not perfusion indices was independently associated with GLPS (p = 0.002, model R2 = 0.424).
Conclusion
In patients with hypertension, T2DM had an additive deleterious effect on subclinical LV systolic dysfunction and myocardial perfusion, and impaired myocardial perfusion by coexisting T2DM was associated with deteriorated LV systolic dysfunction.
Gender Differentials on Productivity of Rice Farmers in South-western Nigeria: An Oaxaca-blinder Decomposition Approach
Authors: Ojo Temitope Oluwaseun , Baiyegunhi Lloyd J. S. , Danso-Abbeam Gideon , Ogundeji Abiodun A
Published: July 2020

One of the critical constraints hindering the transformation of African agriculture in general, and Nigerian agriculture in particular, is gender disparities in productivity. This study, therefore, examines gender inequality in farm productivity and sources of the productivity differentials among rice farmers in Nigeria, using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) gender decomposition model. The results revealed an uneven situation between men and women, leading to a gender productivity gap of about 29% in favour of men. Thus, female-managed plots are 29% less productive than male-managed plots. The decomposition of the sources of gender productivity differences shows that marital status, education, farm size and access to market information are the significant determinants of the endowment factor that contribute to about 15% of the productivity gap. The study, therefore, concludes that gender productivity inequalities exist in the Nigerian agricultural sector, hence, paying attention to these productivity gaps and factors contributing to these gaps is crucial in formulating policy interventions oriented towards women empowerment.
Evaluation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Antibody in Dental Students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Parvaie Parvin , EbrahimianBaghan Saideh , Zardats Mahmood , Shrifzadeh Gholamreza , Osmani Freshteh
Published: July 2020

Objective: Herpes viruses are ubiquitous human pathogenswhich canall be found in the oral environment. Dental practitioners have a close relationship with many patients and are at risk of cross-infection. So, HSV-1 infectionas a potential occupational hazard for dental workers is important. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HSV1 antibody in dental students of Birjandin 2018-2019.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences during a six-month period, who were selected by random cluster sampling. After taking written consent, demographic information and positive history of genital or oral lesions were recorded based on a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, a peripheral blood sample (5 ml) was taken from participants and an anti-virus antibody was examined using an Anti-Herpes-1 IgG kit with ELISA by a pathologist. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 21.Results: About half of the subjects (41%) had contact with HSV1 virus and were carrier of antibodies. The prevalence of HSV1 antibody in pre-clinical and clinical level was higher than in basic science, but there was no significant relationship between students' level of education and antibody prevalence (p = 0.77). Also, there was no significant difference in prevalence of HSV1 antibody by age, sex and marital status of students (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of HSV1 antibodies in this study is lower than that of European countries, which may be due to regional culture, which requires further study on different groups and more individuals
Agitated Behavior of Elderly and Alternative Simple Treatments: Individualized music – A feasibility study (the ABrEAST-iM feasibility study)
Authors: Mallidou Anastasia , Boström Anne-Marie , Kaitelidou Daphne , Brett Jennifer , Fowler Sara John , Leckovic Melanie , Nuttall Richard , Porter Michelle , Slade Allan , Slade Marie , Sudbury Fiona , Thompson Vicki
Published: July 2020

Background Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) influence older persons’ quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions such as individualized music (iM) are promising to reduce BPSD and sustain interpersonal connectedness that contributes to quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the practicalities (e.g., process, results) of iM activities application on older adults over 65 years of age diagnosed with dementia living in residential care facilities. Our objectives were to: a) evaluate the recruitment process; b) explore the process of iM activity implementation; c) assess the clinical significance of the outcomes. Methods A concurrent mixed methods feasibility study designed and was conducted in two residential care facilities in British Columbia, Canada to assess the practicalities (i.e., recruitment, acceptability of the intervention, adherence to it, and clinical significance) of iM activities implementation on older adults diagnosed with dementia living in residential care facilities. Data were collected from residents, their families and staff using administrative records, observations, surveys, and interviews. Our primary outcomes were affect and quality of life. Results The observed iM activities were feasible, acceptable and adhered to by residents with clinical significance. Specifically, about 47% of eligible residents, their families and staff agreed to participate in and completed the study (recruitment); approximately 86% of participants enthusiastically received and were satisfied with the iM activity (acceptability); more than 70% of participants completed at least seven of the nine iM sessions (adherence); about 55% of participants experienced an increase in positive affect scores and 29% had a decrease in negative affect scores after the intervention; more than 43% of participants had a reduction in BPSD (clinical significance). Finally, participants reported improvement of quality of life and positive effects of iM intervention and provided insights and suggestions to improve it. Conclusions Individualized music activities can be successfully implemented (i.e., feasible, acceptable, adherent) with significant clinical outcomes. Participants reported positive affect emotions, increase in quality of life and well-being. With this feasibility study, we developed a process to identify challenges and their solutions that may assist us in a following pilot study with similar iM intervention.
Psychosocial determinants of frailty among older adults in Singapore: a community-based survey
Authors: Chong Elliot Yeung , Lim Angela Hui-Shan , Mah Freda Cheng Yee , Yeo Lyn Hui Wen , Aw Su , Ng Shu Tian , Yi Huso
Published: July 2020

Background

With increasing life expectancy, it is important to understand the role of non-physical aspects of health in frailty prevention. The study aimed to examine how multiple dimensions of mental and social health, in addition to physical health, were associated with frailty in the population of older adults.
Methods

A cross-sectional door-to-door survey was conducted with 497 older adults in Singapore. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale. Physical health was assessed by multimorbidity and physical activity; social health by the Lubbens’ Social Network Scale, Community Integration Measure and UCLA loneliness scale; and mental health by the three-factor of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): anxiety/depression, loss of confidence and social dysfunction. Hierarchical ordinal regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of frailty, adjusting for socio-demographic variables.
Results

Compared to robust (59.5%) and pre-frail (32.6%) older adults, frail adults (7.9%) reported higher morbidity, lower physical activity, higher scores on all three subscales of GHQ, and had lower scores on all three social health scales that were assessed. In multiple regression model, frailty was significantly associated with 81–90 years old (adj. OR = 3.04), having 2–3 (adj. OR = 1.63) or > 3 (adj. OR = 2.01) chronic diseases, social dysfunction in GHQ (adj. OR = 4.31), and loneliness (adj. OR = 1.26). Physical activity did not remain significantly associated with frailty when mental and social health-related factors were entered in the regression.
Conclusions

The study findings highlight the importance of community intervention in mental and social health among older adults to prevent frailty in later life. Healthy aging is only possible when older adults’ psychosocial needs are addressed.