bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging indigenous patient partners in patient-oriented research: lessons from a one-year initiative
Authors: Tremblay Marie-Claude , Bradette-Laplante Maude , Bérubé Danielle , Brière Élaine , Moisan Nicole , Niquay Daniel , Dogba Maman-Joyce , Légaré France , McComber Alex , McGavock Jonathan , Witteman Holly O.
Published: July 2020

Background

Patient-oriented research (POR) is a specific application of participatory research that promotes active patient engagement in health research. There is a growing concern that people involved in POR do not reflect the diversity of the population such research aims to serve, but are rather those more ‘easily’ engaged with institutions, organizations and society. Indigenous peoples are among such groups generally underrepresented in POR. The “Indigenous patient partners platform project” was a small-scale initiative aimed to address the issue of the underrepresentation of Indigenous people in patient-oriented research by recruiting, orienting and supporting Indigenous patient partners in Québec (Canada). This article reports on the findings of an evaluation conducted at the end of the project to garner lessons and identify strategies for engaging Indigenous patient partners in patient-oriented research.

Methods

The evaluation of this initiative used a case study design hinging on documentary analysis and committee member interviews. Project documents (n = 29) included agendas and meeting minutes, support documents from the orientation workshop and workshop evaluations, and tools the committee developed as part of the project. Interview participants (n = 6) were patients and organizational partners. Thematic analysis was performed by two members of the research team. Patient partners actively contributed to validating the interpretation of result and knowledge translation.

Results

Results point to four key components of Indigenous patient partner engagement in POR: initiation of partnership, interest development, capacity building and involvement in research. Specific lessons emphasize the importance of community connections in recruiting, sustaining and motivating patient partners, the need to be flexible in the engagement process, and the importance of consistently valuing patient partner contributions and involvement.

Conclusions

There is a need to engage Indigenous patient partners in POR to ensure that healthcare practices, policies and research take their particular needs, stories and culture into account. While results of this evaluation are generally consistent with the existing literature on patient engagement, they offer additional insight into how to effectively engage Indigenous patient partners in research, which might also be relevant to the involvement of other marginalized populations who have been historically and systemically disempowered.
The development of categorisation and conceptual thinking in early childhood: methods and limitations
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás , Rodríguez Cintia
Published: July 2020

We present a systematic and qualitative review of academic literature on early conceptual development (0–24 months of age), with an emphasis on methodological aspects. The final sample of our review included 281 studies reported in 115 articles. The main aims of the article were four: first, to organise studies into sets according to methodological similarities and differences; second, to elaborate on the methodological procedures that characterise each set; third, to circumscribe the empirical indicators that different sets of studies consider as proof of the existence of concepts in early childhood; last, to identify methodological limitations and to propose possible ways to overcome them. We grouped the studies into five sets:preference and habituation experiments,category extension tasks,object sorting tasks,sequential touching tasksandobject examination tasks. In the “Results” section, we review the core features of each set of studies. In the “Discussion” and “Conclusions” sections, we describe, for one thing, the most relevant methodological shortcomings. We end by arguing that a situated, semiotic and pragmatic perspective that emphasises the importance of ecological validity could open up new avenues of research to better understand the development of concepts in early childhood.
Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus population in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Azimi Taher , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Fallah Fatemeh , Karimi Abdollah , Mansour-Ghanaie Roxana , Hoseini-Alfatemi Seyedeh Mahsan , Shirdoust Mehdi , Azimi Leila
Published: July 2020

Background

Rattus norvegicus are reservoirs for transmission of various zoonotic parasites, and they have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and the significant presence of R. norvegicus throughout the city of Tehran, this study aims to assess the frequency of zoonotic parasites carried by commensal rodents wandering in Tehran, Iran. The study considered the north, south, west, east, and center regions of Tehran for the purposes of this study. The serological tests were applied in order to detect effective antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was surveyed by using the conventional PCR method. Furthermore, nested PCR was employed to detect the presence of Giardia spp. and Leishmania spp. in commensal R. norvegicus dispersed in Tehran.

Results

Approximately, 76% of the 100 R. norvegicus tested were infected with at least one zoonotic parasite, indicating the significant frequency of parasites within the study areas. Seroreactivity against T. vaginalis, Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 5%, 0%, and 1% of the R. norvegicus tested, respectively. T. gondii DNA was detected in 32 out of 100 (32%) R. norvegicus. In addition, Leishmania spp. and Giardia spp. DNA were found in 18 out of 100 (18%) and 76 out of 100 (76%) R. norvegicus investigated, respectively. T. vaginalis with 15% and T. gondii with 70% had the highest frequency of parasites among the R. norvegicus collected from the western and northeastern regions of Tehran, respectively. Moreover, Giardia spp. with 95% and Leishmania spp. with 30% had the highest frequency in the east and center districts, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings showed a wide geographical dissemination of Giardia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania spp. in R. norvegicus within five districts of Tehran. In contrast, other parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. infection were rarely detected in Rattus populations. No evidence for the circulation of Babesia spp. was found in this study.
Evaluation of stress distribution in nickel-titanium rotary instruments with different geometrical designs subjected to bending and torsional load: a finite element study
Authors: Galal Manar , Hamdy Tamer M.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Geometrical designs of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have a considerable influence on their mechanical performance, and thereby have the tendency to fracture.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of cross-sectional geometry, pitch, taper, and off-center cross-section on the stress distribution in NiTi instruments under bending and torsion conditions using finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and methods

Eleven theoretical three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of rotary instruments were constructed and divided according to the geometric design tested into; group 1 (cross-section geometry): four FE models with four different cross-section designs (triangle, convex triangular, parallelogram, and rectangle). Group 2 (pitch): three FE models with different pitches (5, 10, and 15 threads). Group 3 (taper): two FEA models with two different tapers (0.04 and 0.06). Group 4 (centering): two FEA models (off-centered and centered cross section). The behavior of the instrument under bending and torsional conditions was analyzed mathematically in SolidWorks software package.

Results

The pattern of stress distribution was varied by altering cross-sectional geometry, pitch, taper, and off-center cross section.

Conclusion

No single geometrical design could be beneficial for all stress conditions. To decrease the stress accumulation during bending of rotary files in curved root canals, the rotary NiTi instruments should be designed with rectangle cross-section configuration, low pitch, reduced taper, and with centered cross section. This design improved the flexibility of rotary NiTi instruments. However, to improve the torsional resistance during root canal preparation of narrow canals, the file should be designed with parallelogram cross-sectional configuration, low pitch, increased taper, and eccentric cross-section design.
Polyethylene spinout in the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) total knee arthroplasty performed with a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique
Authors: Keogh Cillian J. , Mulcahy David , Reidy Declan , Beverland David E. , Harty James A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Polyethylene (PE) spinout is a known but uncommon complication when using a mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design. Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is within the manufacturer’s recommendations for the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) knee design.

Aim

To discuss the potential aetiology and prevention of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee.

Methods

We used a retrospective radiological review from two centres reporting a higher rate of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee using a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique when compared to a gap-balancing technique. Three hundred and thirty-two patients were evaluated over a 3-year period.

Results

There were 8 out of 279 (2.86%) cases of spinout in our first cohort of patients using a measured-resection technique. There were 0 out of 53 cases of spinout in our second cohort of patients where a gap-balancing technique was used. One spinout was reduced closed, the other seven were initially revised to a thicker RP insert of the same design. Of these seven, three underwent a further revision TKA and one patient required a knee fusion/arthrodesis.

Conclusions

This study reports a higher incidence of PE spinout in the Attune® CR RP TKA when a measured-resection technique in combination with PCL resection is performed. We recommend a gap-balancing technique with conservative soft-tissue release if the surgeon is planning to sacrifice the PCL in the Attune® CR RP.
Bilateral external ear canal Frey’s syndrome: a rare disease
Authors: Te Boon Chin , Abdullah Asma
Published: July 2020

Background

Frey’s syndrome is a socially embarrassing condition commonly involving preauricular area after parotidectomy surgery or trauma to the face. Frey’s syndrome over the external ear canal without a prior history of trauma or surgery is extremely rare. To date, there were only two case reports of unilateral spontaneous gustatory sweating in the external ear canal found in the English literature.

Case presentation

We report a case of bilateral external ear spontaneous gustatory sweating in a 31-year-old Chinese male. The diagnosis of Frey’s syndrome was confirmed by Minor’s Starch Iodine test.

Conclusions

Comprehensive history and physical examination are mandatory to reach the diagnosis of Frey’s syndrome of external ear canal. The treatment option should be tailored individually.
AMY1 Gene Copy Number Correlates With Glucose Absorption and Visceral Fat Volume, but Not with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Barber Thomas M , Bhatti Ahsan A , Elder Patrick J D , Ball Sarah P , Calvez Ronan , Ramsden David B , Cuthbertson Dan J , Pfeiffer Andreas F , Burnett David , Weickert Martin O
Published: July 2020

Background

The human amylase gene (AMY1) has a broad copy number (CN) variation that may associate with body mass index.

Methods

Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from urine (n = 74) and serum (n = 6) samples (Protein, Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome [ProFiMet] cohort), and buccal (n = 17) samples (Oral Starch Challenge [OSC] cohort), and assessed for AMY1 CN by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The association of AMY1 CN with comprehensive markers of metabolic status (ProFiMet cohort) were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CC). For the healthy, euglycemic OSC cohort, glycemic response to OSC was analyzed with independent sample t-tests (subgroups: high AMY1 CN 9–12, n = 10; low AMY1 CN 4–6, n = 7).

Results

There were significant inverse correlations of AMY1 CN with total visceral fat volume (CC -0.33; P = 0.004) and positive correlations of AMY1 CN with oral glucose insulin sensitivity score (derived from an oral glucose tolerance test, CC 0.26; P = 0.02), serum HDL-cholesterol (CC 0.325; P = 0.003), and serum adiponectin (CC 0.249; P = 0.026). Linear regression multivariate analysis (adiponectin as dependent variable), showed independent association of adiponectin with AMY1 CN (Beta = 0.29; P = 0.03). There were no significant associations between AMY1 CN and clamp-derived M-value, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR), hepatic endogenous glucose production, fecal floral signature, or macronutrient dietary preference. Delta (mean) change in blood glucose concentration (fasting to 30-minutes post-OSC) was significantly greater in the high versus low AMY1 CN subgroups (mean 1.7 mmol/l [SEM 0.6] vs 0.9 mmol/l [SEM 0.9], respectively; P = 0.016).

Conclusions

High AMY1 CN associates with a favorable metabolic profile (lower visceral fat volume, higher serum adiponectin, enhanced glucose absorption following oral glucose, and OSC), but not with whole-body or hepatic IR.
RNA-Seq Reveals Sub-Zones in Mouse Adrenal Zona Fasciculata and the Sexually Dimorphic Responses to Thyroid Hormone
Authors: Lyu Qiongxia , Wang Hui , Kang Yuan , Wu Xiangmeng , Zheng Huifei Sophia , Laprocina Karly , Junghans Kristina , Ding Xinxin , Huang Chen-Che Jeff
Published: July 2020

The sex-specific prevalence of adrenal diseases has been known for a long time. However, the reason for the high prevalence of these diseases in females is not completely understood. Mouse studies have shown that the adult adrenal gland is sexually dimorphic at different levels such as transcriptome, histology, and cell renewal. Here we used RNA-seq to show that in prepubertal mice, male and female adrenal glands were not only sexually dimorphic but also responded differently to the same external stimulus. We previously reported that thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) in the adrenal gland is mainly expressed in the inner cortex and the fate of this TRβ1-expressing cell population can be changed by thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine; T3) treatment. In the present study, we found that adrenal glands in prepubertal mice were sexually dimorphic at the level of the transcriptome. Under T3 treatment, prepubertal females had 1162 genes differentially expressed between the saline and T3 groups, whereas in males of the same age, only 512 genes were T3-responsive. Immunostaining demonstrated that several top sexually dimorphic T3-responsive genes, including Cyp2f2 and Dhcr24, were specifically expressed in the adrenal inner cortex, precisely in an area partially overlapping with the X-zone. Under T3 treatment, a unique cortical layer that surrounds the adrenal X-zone expanded significantly, forming a distinct layer peculiar to females. Our findings identified novel marker genes for the inner adrenal cortex, indicating there are different sub-zones in the zona fasciculata. The results also highlight the sex-specific response to thyroid hormone in the mouse adrenal gland.
Temporal patterning in neural progenitors: from Drosophila development to childhood cancers
Authors: Maurange Cédric
Published: July 2020

The developing central nervous system (CNS) is particularly prone to malignant transformation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. However, periods of tumor susceptibility appear to correlate with windows of increased proliferation, which are often observed during embryonic and fetal stages and reflect stereotypical changes in the proliferative properties of neural progenitors. The temporal mechanisms underlying these proliferation patterns are still unclear in mammals. In Drosophila, two decades of work have revealed a network of sequentially expressed transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins that compose a neural progenitor-intrinsic temporal patterning system. Temporal patterning controls both the identity of the post-mitotic progeny of neural progenitors, according to the order in which they arose, and the proliferative properties of neural progenitors along development. In addition, in Drosophila, temporal patterning delineates early windows of cancer susceptibility and is aberrantly regulated in developmental tumors to govern cellular hierarchy as well as the metabolic and proliferative heterogeneity of tumor cells. Whereas recent studies have shown that similar genetic programs unfold during both fetal development and pediatric brain tumors, I discuss, in this Review, how the concept of temporal patterning that was pioneered in Drosophila could help to understand the mechanisms of initiation and progression of CNS tumors in children.
1-Phosphino-1,3-butadiene Derivatives Incorporated with Dibenzobarrelene Skeleton: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ishii Akihiko , Kikushima Chiharu , Hayashi Yuki , Ohtsuka Nobuhiko , Nakata Norio , Muranaka Atsuya , Tanaka Yusuke , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: July 2020

An intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of 1-(9-anthrylchlorophosphino)-1,4-diphenylbut-1-en-3-yne produced the 1-(chlorophosphino)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivative incorporated with a dibenzobarrelene skeleton, the following reactions of which gave the corresponding secondary phosphine oxide and phenylphosphine sulfide. The secondary phosphine oxide was deprotonated with butyllithium followed by treatment with methyl iodide to give methylphosphine oxide. The phenylphosphine sulfide was desulfurized with P(NMe2)3 to give the corresponding phenylphosphine, which was converted to the oxide and selenide and AuCl and BH3 complexes. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. These compounds show blue fluorescence in solution (ΦF = 0.49–0.86) and the solid state (ΦF = 0.02–0.72) in a narrow range (λem = 442–463 nm) except the phenylphosphine selenide with a low fluorescence efficiency. Their photophysical properties were considered theoretically. The secondary phosphine oxide and the methylphosphine oxide were optically resolved by means of HPLC equipped with a chiral column, and the chiroptical properties were investigated to show weak circular polarized luminescence (CPL) of |gem| = 2.8–8.8 × 10−4.
Σεισμο...γράφω
Authors: Χειμώνας Γ.
Published: July 2020

Τα ερεθίσματα για την κατασκευή και τη συναρμολόγηση του σεισμογράφου δόθηκαν από τον καταστροφικό σεισμό το 1981 στην Ηγουμενίτσα και από το ρήγμα που εξακολουθεί να είναι ενεργό έως σήμερα στην περιοχή της Παραμυθιάς. Διαθεματικά και μέσα από τα μαθήματα της Γεωγραφίας (Τεκτονικές κινήσεις λιθοσφαιρικών πλακών), της Γλώσσας (Μελέτη λογοτεχνικών κειμένων), της Μυθολογίας (Εγκέλαδος), της Φυσικής ( δημιουργία ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος και ηλεκτρομαγνητισμός), των Μαθηματικών και των Ηλεκτρονικών Υπολογιστών (μελέτη πληροφοριών και στατιστικών στοιχείων για τους σεισμούς, τρόπος μέτρησης, ανάγνωση σεισμικού διαγράμματος, αναζήτηση επισήμων μετρήσεων και διασταύρωσης στοιχείων),  έγινε η ενασχόληση και ευαισθητοποίηση με το θέμα . Ο καταμερισμός των αρμοδιοτήτων για την εργασία έγινε από τέσσερις ομάδες: α) Παρουσίαση πειραμάτων  β)Συναρμολόγηση σεισμογράφου γ) Καθοδήγηση και επιμόρφωση από τον πρόεδρο του Ε.Κ.Φ.Ε. δ) Μελέτη σεισμογράμματος.
Ανανεώσιμη οθόνη Braille και εκπαιδευτική ρομποτική
Authors: Γιαννακόπουλος Μιχαήλ-Ιάσων , Ζαϊμάκης Ορφέας-Νικόλαος , Δολαψάκης Νικόλαος , Χατζησάββας Γεώργιος
Published: July 2020

Για την παραγωγή κειμένου σε Braille χρησιμοποιούνται πολλές τεχνικές. Μία από αυτές είναι και οι ηλεκτρονικές οθόνες Braille οι οποίες ονομάζονται και ανανεώσιμες οθόνες Braille επειδή ανυψώνουν μηχανικά, όπου χρειάζεται, πλαστικές ή μεταλλικές ακίδες για να διαμορφώσουν τους χαρακτήρες Braille. Οι ακίδες απέχουν η μια από την άλλη περίπου 2,5 mm ενώ πρέπει να ανυψώνονται λίγο περισσότερο από μισό χιλιοστό (~0,6 mm). Παρόλο που οι οθόνες αυτές είναι τυποποιημένες και ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενες, ωστόσο είναι πολύ ακριβές. Το ερώτημα που τίθεται είναι κατά πόσο θα μπορούσαμε να κατασκευάσουμε μια ανανεώσιμη οθόνη Braille η οποία θα αναπαριστά τους χαρακτήρες Braille με τις πραγματικές διαστάσεις.Στην εργασία αυτή κατασκευάσαμε μία μονο-κυτταρική οθόνη Braille η οποία επιτρέπει την εμφάνιση κειμένου σε κώδικα Braille σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Το κείμενο αποστέλλεται μέσω μίας εφαρμογής που κατασκευάστηκε για συσκευή τάμπλετ, με λειτουργικό android. Η οθόνη έγινε με την εκπαιδευτική πλατφόρμα Lego Mindstorms EV3 και διαθέτει ένα κύτταρο (6 ακίδες) των χαρακτήρων Braille. Ο χρήστης διαβάζει τον χαρακτήρα με τα δάχτυλά του και έπειτα μπορεί να ανανεώσει την οθόνη για να διαβάσει τον επόμενο χαρακτήρα πιέζοντας έναν αισθητήρα αφής.Η οθόνη αυτή θα μπορούσε να συνδυαστεί με οποιαδήποτε συσκευή με λειτουργικό android (τηλεόραση, τάμπλετ, κινητό) και να δείχνει το κείμενο που θα στέλνει η αντίστοιχη εφαρμογή (π.χ. ένα γραπτό μήνυμα του κινητού).
Η Εκπαιδευτική Ρομποτική στην Υποστήριξη της Εκπαιδευτικής Διαδικασίας
Authors: Γκάνιος Αθανάσιος , Γρηγορίου Αναστάσης , Δούλου Νίκη , Ζαχαρόπουλος Λευτέρης , Κατσιαρδής Γιώργος , Μπιλίδα Δήμητρα , Παπαδόπουλος Παναγιώτης , Ρούσος Γιώργος , Θεοδωρόπουλος Αναστάσιος , Αγγελόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: July 2020

Στο παρόν κείμενο εστιάζουμε στην καταγραφή και περιγραφή της εμπειρίας μας με την εκπαιδευτική ρομποτική, όπως αυτή αποκτήθηκε στα πλαίσια του 1ουRobotics Workshop που πραγματοποιήθηκε στην Τρίπολη από σχολεία της περιοχής, το Δεκέμβριο του 20171. Μέσα από ένα ταξίδι διάρκειας 12 εβδομάδων, 15 μαθητές από δύο λύκεια της περιοχής της Τρίπολης, καταλήξαμε να παρουσιάσουμε σε 500 μαθητές, έργα ρομποτικής που δημιουργήσαμε επιστρατεύοντας φαντασία, δημιουργικότητα και ομαδική εργασία. Η θεματολογία μας11οRobotics Workshop,τοποθεσία Τρίπολη, διοργάνωση 3οΓΕΛ Τρίπολης& ΓΕΛ Τεγέας, περισσότερα στον σύνδεσμο: https://goo.gl/MA2RWsπεριλάμβανε τεχνουργήματα με αξιοποίηση της πλατφόρμας Arduino καθώς και των Lego Mindstorms και γενικά έργα εκπαιδευτικών χρήσεων και εφαρμογών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα δημιουργήσαμε έργα αυτοματισμού, φωτισμού-ήχου, αισθητήρων-περιβάλλοντος, έξυπνα αντικείμενα, διατάξεις έγκαιρης ειδοποίησης, αυτόνομο όχημα, εφαρμογές ψυχαγωγίας και εφαρμογές ΙοΤ, αξιοποιώντας κυρίως γνώσεις Πληροφορικής αλλά και άλλων επιστημονικών πεδίων όπως η Φυσική.Μέσα από το παρόν άρθρο θέλουμε να περιγράψουμε τη μοναδική αυτή εμπειρία που ζήσαμε και να επιχειρήσουμε να δώσουμε απάντηση στο πώς η ρομποτική και γενικά ο προγραμματισμός μέσω φυσικών πραγμάτων μπορούν να υποστηρίξουν τη μάθηση καλύτερα από παραδοσιακούς τρόπους. Η ενασχόλησή μας με τη ρομποτική, ενθάρρυνε την δημιουργικότητα μας, την επινοητικότητα και την πρωτοβουλία μας να λύσουμε τα όποια προβλήματα παρουσιάστηκαν.Καταλήγοντας, η χρήση της ρομποτικής στην εκπαίδευση φαίνεται να έχει πολλαπλά οφέλη για τους μαθητές, καθώς συμβάλλει στην παραγωγή καινοτομίας και βοηθάει στην ανάπτυξη της αλγοριθμικής και κριτικής σκέψης των εμπλεκομένων, στην αλλαγή διαδικασίας μάθησης και της επικοινωνίας, όπως επίσης και στην διαμόρφωση στάσεων και επιλογών μελλοντικής επαγγελματικής σταδιοδρομίας.
Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Mabillard Holly , Sayer John A.
Published: July 2020

The global pandemic secondary to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is leading to unprecedented global morbidity and mortality. With a bewildering array of complications, renal involvement in various forms is common, including serum electrolyte derangements. Hypokalaemia secondary to SARS-CoV-2 was common in a reported Chinese cohort. Here we review the emerging evidence on hypokalaemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms based on early clinical and histopathological data and important clinical implications. Mechanisms of hypokalaemia are multifactorial and so the electrolyte disturbance can be difficult to avoid. We provide further support to the theory of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) activation, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of implicating RAS involvement and highlight the importance of calculating the transtubular potassium gradient to identify those at risk of hypokalaemia and its complications.
Establishing an Orthopedic Excess Hospital Days in Acute Care Program
Authors: Fang Michele , Mao Frances , Hume Eric , Greysen S Ryan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Excess days in acute care (EDAC) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) represent a large economic burden. We developed an Orthopedic EDAC program that triages TJA patients to the appropriate service line (orthopedic vs medicine) and level of care (observation vs inpatient) on re‐presentation. We developed and used evidence‐based protocols for the treatment of TJA patients who are rehospitalized.

METHODS

We defined Orthopedic EDAC as the length of stay (LOS) during readmission and observation stays. Our target population included TJA and revision TJA patients. Patients between April 2017 and September

2017 and between October 2017 and September

2018 were defined as pre‐implementation and post‐implementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 2,662 patients underwent TJA and revision TJA during the pre‐implementation and post‐implementation periods. Twenty‐three patients were managed on observation status during the study period. Readmissions decreased from 49 (6.1%) during pre‐implementation to 37 (2.0%) during post‐implementation (P = .004). By design, more rehospitalized patients were on the orthopedic surgery service after implementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program (n = 49; 70%) versus before (n = 22; 35%; P = .028). EDAC LOS decreased from 7.75 days to 4.73 days (P = .005).

CONCLUSION

In this single‐center, before‐after pilot of a novel Orthopedic EDAC program, we demonstrated a reduction in readmissions and Orthopedic EDAC LOS, as well as improved continuity of care for TJA patients on re‐presentation.
Effect of Systemic Glucocorticoids on Mortality or Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Keller Marla J , Kitsis Elizabeth A , Arora Shitij , Chen Jen-Ting , Agarwal Shivani , Ross Michael J , Tomer Yaron , Southern William
Published: July 2020

The efficacy of glucocorticoids in COVID-19 is unclear.
This study was designed to determine whether systemic
glucocorticoid treatment in COVID-19 patients is
associated with reduced mortality or mechanical
ventilation. This observational study included 1,806
hospitalized COVID-19 patients; 140 were treated with
glucocorticoids within 48 hours of admission. Early use
of glucocorticoids was not associated with mortality or
mechanical ventilation. However, glucocorticoid treatment
of patients with initial C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥20 mg/dL
was associated with significantly reduced risk of mortality
or mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08-
0.70), while glucocorticoid treatment of patients with CRP
<10 mg/dL was associated with significantly increased risk
of mortality or mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.64; 95% CI,
1.39-5.03). Whether glucocorticoid treatment is associated
with changes in mortality or mechanical ventilation in
patients with high or low CRP needs study in prospective,
randomized clinical trials. Journal of Hospital Medicine
2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
Priming perceptivo y percepción de amenaza en exposición a eventos traumáticos: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Reyes Carlos , Blanco Amalio , Martos María José , Blanco Rubén
Published: July 2020

Holmes y Rahe (1967) reconocen que las experiencias traumáticas son independientes de la valencia emocional del evento y la percepción de amenaza tiene incidencia en cómo son procesadas estas vivencias. Los estudios en priming perceptivo han identificado que personas con trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) presentan ventajas en el procesamiento de información traumática, no obstante, no se ha explorado en población en ausencia de trastorno. El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar el priming en población sin TEPT y evaluar si se produce cuando se percibe amenaza. Se evaluaron 42 universitarios y se les pidió que describieran un suceso autobiográfico, positivo o traumático y el grado de amenaza percibida de dicho evento. Los resultados evidencian diferencias significativas en priming perceptivo en función de la percepción de amenaza del evento, F(2, 42) = 6.562, p = .004, ηp2 = .26, independientemente de la valencia de los hechos narrados. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en la línea de estudios de memoria implícita y trauma.
Psychological inflexibility and adherence to the therapy among parents of autistic
Authors: Moreno Jaime Humberto
Published: July 2020

The parenting strategies applied to address the developmental demands of children with autism generate emotional difficulties, affect the emission of behaviors related to their children’s psychological processes, and consequently influence therapeutic adherence. This study aimed to determine the relationships among the different processes of psychological inflexibility and therapeutic adherence among parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample consisted of 25 parents between 30 and 60 years old (M = 40) of children diagnosed with ASD who were undergoing behavioral modification therapy. A sociodemographic data survey, the Therapeutic Adherence Scale, the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ), and the Experiential Avoidance Scale (AAQ-II) were administered. For the analysis, a retrospective simple group ex post facto design was used. The structural equation analyses revealed that parents show patterns of psychological inflexibility, which in turn affect the behaviors related to treatment adherence.
Needlestick injuries: the role of safety-engineered devices in prevention
Authors: Jackson Andrew Paul , Almerol Leo Andrew , Campbell Jackie , Hamilton Louise
Published: July 2020

The first documented mention of a needlestick injury (NSI) in the medical literature appeared in 1906. Despite growth in academic and clinical interest for NSI prevention, a global report identified that approximately 3 million healthcare workers have suffered percutaneous exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Legislation is an important component of NSI prevention. Unfortunately, the impact of legislation may not always reduce the incidence of NSI as much as expected. Safety-engineered device (SED) implementation has demonstrated a substantial reduction in NSI rates compared with non-SEDs. More importantly, passive SEDs are 10 times less likely to be connected with an NSI incident
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of the nurse
Authors: Grønkjær Lea Ladegaard , Wernberg Charlotte , Lauridsen Mette Munk
Published: July 2020

Obesity is a frequent cause of morbidity in the Western world, and its prevalence has doubled since 1980. It is well known that conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes can be serious consequences of obesity. However, less is known about whether the liver may also be affected by the obesity epidemic. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in more than a quarter of the adult Western population, and the prevalence is increasing among both adults and children. NAFLD thus represents a common liver disease in the Western world. This is worrisome, because NAFLD can cause liver inflammation and various stages of fibrosis and eventually result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which both have a high mortality rate due to related complications. Lifestyle change is the most important aspect in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, and nurses play an important role in the early detection of NAFLD and the prevention of its possible progression.
Research round-up
Authors: Jack Kathryn
Published: July 2020

Kathryn Jack, Clinical Academic Specialist Nurse at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, provides a brief overview of recent publications relevant to liver disease
GMPCP for one row and one column completion
Authors: Dodig Marija , Stosic Marko
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the possible Kronecker invariants of a matrix pencil obtained by simultaneous one row and one column completion of a given matrix pencil are characterized. This presents a new approach to the General Matrix Pencil Completion Problem (GMPCP), where simultaneous row and column completion is considered.
High-order wavefront aberrations due to a laser-induced breakdown spark in still air
Authors: Nguyen M. , Noel Zareb A. , Wells Jonathan , Mark Rennie R.
Published: July 2020

Experimental measurements of the wavefronts of the light from a laser-induced breakdown (LIB) spark in stationary air are presented for the full range of angles between the LIB laser and wavefront sensor up to 90°. The wavefront data are compared to measurements of the spark shape and position acquired from simultaneous photographic images of the spark. The results show that the aberrations from the LIB spark appear primarily as two modes determined from proper orthogonal decomposition, with the amplitude and importance of the modes depending on system parameters and viewing angle. Data are also presented demonstrating the link between the spark wavefront and the spark shape, and conclusions are drawn regarding how to minimize the spark aberrations for optical systems in which the spark is used as a light source to measure optical wavefronts.
Diversity analysis of simultaneous mmWave and free-space-optical transmission over F-distribution channel models
Authors: Badarneh Osamah S. , Mesleh Raed
Published: July 2020

This paper provides a performance analysis of a simultaneous free-space-optics (FSO) and millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system with selection-combining and maximal-ratio-combining receivers over the

F

-distribution channel. The

F

-distribution model can be used to represent both the mmWave and FSO channels with proper selection of parameters. In particular, an exact-form analysis of the average bit error rate of a hybrid mmWave/FSO system is developed and substantiated through Monte Carlo simulation results, while considering varying system and channel parameters. In addition, asymptotic analysis is formulated at high, but pragmatic, signal-to-noise ratio values to elaborate further on the achieved diversity along with the impact of varying system and channel parameters. Reported results reveal that the considered hybrid system attains considerable enhancements and is promising in combating the existing challenges.
Nanostructured optical waveguide with a highly confined mode
Authors: Chubchev Eugeny D. , Nechepurenko Igor A. , Dorofeenko Alexander V. , Vinogradov Alexey P. , Lisyansky Alexander A.
Published: July 2020

We propose a transmission line working at telecom wavelengths with a
cross section as small as

λ
2

/

39

, which is 1.6 times smaller than that
of an optimized silicon waveguide. The proposed line can be
implemented as a subwavelength fiber with plasmonic cladding. This
considerable decrease in the line cross section is achieved by
utilizing a plasmonic quasi-antisymmetric mode. The required plasmonic
cladding is rather thin; therefore, losses are moderate and could be
compensated by using amplifying core materials. Such a transmission
line can find applications in densely integrated optical systems.
Cavity-based magnetic metamaterials available from microwave to optical wave by tailoring structural parameters
Authors: Ling Fang , Zhong Zheqiang , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2020

We proposed a magnetic metamaterial (MM) with extremely large positive and negative permeability. The MMs are structured by simple metal cavity resonators, contributing to exciting magnetic responses from toroid current, dipole current, and nearest-neighbor interactions of the cavity resonator array. When the three responses coupled with each other perfectly, a strong magnetic resonance is obtained. Besides, the cavity-based MM benefits suppress the saturation effect of the magnetic response at optical frequencies, different from that common in traditional split-ring resonators. Therefore, the cavity-based MM is available in microwave, terahertz, and optical regions by appropriately tailoring the structural parameters. Such a cavity-based MM holds a promising strong magnetic response from microwave to optic frequencies only by tailoring structural parameters and provides a new design method to construct magnetic MM.
Parameter optimization of a visibility LiDAR for sea-fog early warnings
Authors: Xian Jinhong , Sun Dongsong , Amoruso Salvatore , Xu Wenjing , Wang Xuan
Published: July 2020

Sea fog represents a significant risk for safe navigation of sea vessels. Visibility LiDAR systems might offer a striking way to reduce the risks associated with sea fog, but they should be appropriately designed to provide a proper level of detection for reliable forewarning of sea fog. Here we analyze the performances of a visibility LiDAR system with the aim of achieving optimal detection operation. A series of echo signals are simulated under different visibility conditions addressing the influence of the various hardware parameters on the final system performances and defining an optimal visibility LiDAR configuration. Using the optimized parameters, a visibility LiDAR system was realized and tested in a field campaign on Hengsha Island (Shanghai). The experimental findings obtained by the visibility LiDAR are compared with results of a forward scattering visibility meter showing good consistency in homogeneous atmosphere, while even superior performances are observed for inhomogeneous atmospheric conditions. Our experimental results indicate that an optimized visibility LiDAR can provide an early warning for light fog located at a distance of 5 km, i.e. about 3.5 hours in advance to the spreading of the fog to the shore. These findings demonstrate the good performances of the visibility LiDAR developed in the present study in performing visibility measurements and its capability of providing sea-fog warning.
Monitoring the aspect ratio distribution of colloidal gold nanoparticles under pulsed-laser exposure
Authors: Mansour Yehia , Battie Yann , Naciri Aotmane En , Chaoui Nouari
Published: July 2020

We propose an advanced in situ extinction spectroscopy set up to investigate the dynamic of the fragmentation and reshaping processes of gold colloids during a ns-laser pulse exposure. The evolution of the aspect ratio distribution of gold nanorods (NRs) during the laser exposure is obtained by analyzing each spectra with the shape distributed effective medium theory. We demonstrate that the kinetics of NR shape transformation can be divided into two fluence regimes. At small fluence, the kinetic is limited by the NRs orientation, while at high fluence, the fragmentation rate is only limited by the probability of NRs to be located in the irradiated volume.
Gigapixel and 1440-perspective extended-angle display by megapixel MEMS-SLM
Authors: Hellman Brandon , Lee Ted , Park Jae-Hyeung , Takashima Yuzuru
Published: July 2020

Orders-of-magnitude increases are desired in the pixel count and density of spatial light modulators (SLMs) for next-gen displays. We present in-plane and simultaneous angular-spatial light modulation by a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS)-based SLM, a digital micromirror device (DMD), to generate gigapixel output by time and angular multiplexing. Pulsed illumination synchronized to the micromirror actuation achieves pixel-implemented and diffraction-based angular modulation, and source multiplexing increases angular selectivity. We demonstrate 1440-perspective image output across a

43.9

∘

×

1.8

∘

FOV, 8-bit multi-perspective videos at 30 FPS, and multi-focal-plane image generation. We discuss scalability to terapixels and implications for near-to-eye displays.
Characterizing chromatin packing scaling in whole nuclei using interferometric microscopy
Authors: Eid Aya , Eshein Adam , Li Yue , Virk Ranya , Van Derway David , Zhang Di , Taflove Allen , Backman Vadim
Published: July 2020

Chromatin is the macromolecular assembly containing the cell’s genetic information, and its architectural conformation facilitates accessibility to activation sites and thus gene expression. We have developed an analytical framework to quantify chromatin structure with spectral microscopy. Chromatin structure can be described as a mass fractal, with packing scaling

D

up to specific genomic length scales. Considering various system geometries, we established a model to measure

D

with the interferometric technique partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) and validated the analysis using finite difference time domain to simulate the PWS system. Calculations of

D

were consistent with ground truth electron microscopy measurements, enabling a high-throughput, label-free approach to quantifying chromatin structure in the nanometer length scale regime.
Enhanced-power NFDM transmission system with midpoint optical phase conjugation
Authors: Bidaki Elham , Kumar Shiva
Published: July 2020

We investigate the combination of a nonlinear frequency division multiplexed (NFDM) transmission scheme with midpoint optical phase conjugation (OPC), and show that midpoint OPC introduces power enhancement by compensating for nonlinear impairments. It offers a degree of freedom to have a flexible power normalization factor,

P
n

. Optimizing

P
n

helps minimize the signal–noise mixing in nonlinear Fourier transform processing for a specific launch power, resulting in improving the system performance significantly. The mid-OPC NFDM system can provide 4.5 dB and 5.6 dB advantages in

Q

-factor as compared to the conventional NFDM system when the transmission fiber is standard single-mode fiber and a fiber with optimum dispersion, respectively. Mid-OPC NFDM can also offer higher spectral efficiency at a longer transmission reach due to the shorter guard interval.
Optical parametric oscillation in silicon carbide nanophotonics
Authors: Guidry Melissa A. , Yang Ki Youl , Lukin Daniil M. , Markosyan Ashot , Yang Joshua , Fejer Martin M. , Vučković Jelena
Published: July 2020

Silicon carbide (SiC) is rapidly emerging as a leading platform for the implementation of nonlinear and quantum photonics. Here, we find that commercial SiC, which hosts a variety of spin qubits, possesses low optical absorption that can enable SiC integrated photonics with quality factors exceeding

10
7

. We fabricate multimode microring resonators with quality factors as high as 1.1 million, and observe low-threshold (

8.5
±
0.5

m
W

) optical parametric oscillation using the fundamental mode as well as optical microcombs spanning 200 nm using a higher-order mode. Our demonstration is an essential milestone in the development of photonic devices that harness the unique optical properties of SiC, paving the way toward the monolithic integration of nonlinear photonics with spin-based quantum technologies.
Bindungsbiografisches Coaching zur achtsamen Gestaltung von Beziehungen im digitalen Kapitalismus
Authors: Krohn Michael
Published: July 2020

Dieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Coaching | Theorie & Praxis untersucht die Nutzbarmachung der modernen Bindungsforschung für das Coaching insbesondere in berufsbiografischen Übergängen und Arbeitssituationen, die von hoher Unsicherheit geprägt sind. Die interdisziplinäre Bindungsforschung kann hier wertvolle Impulse liefern, die bislang in Coachingforschung und -praxis kaum beachtet worden sind. Sie fragt nach den individuellen Faktoren, welche die psychische Sicherheit erhöhen und zwischenmenschliches Vertrauen entstehen lassen. Vertrauen gilt als wichtiges Element einer modernen Arbeitsorganisation. Dies weist auf eine Lücke bei der Erforschung des Zusammenhangs von Arbeit und Bindung hin. Trotz vieler offenen Fragen steht erstes Wissen für ein mentalisierungsgestütztes Coaching bereit. Es kann durch Achtsamkeit wirksam unterstützt werden. Hierzu werden erste Ansätze und Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und in einen eigenen Coachingansatz integriert. Im zunehmend ökonomisierten Gesundheitssystems kann anhand einer Methodendemonstration gezeigt werden, dass Ärzte/innen dadurch Trauer und Schuldgefühle in ihrer Berufsbiografie besser bewältigen können.
City Girls, hot girls and the re-imagining of Black women in hip hop and digital spaces
Authors: Jennings Kyesha
Published: July 2020

Through a hip hop feminist lens, how are we to interpret black girls’ and women’s self-identification in digital spaces that visibly resonate with new/remixed images? And more importantly, what happens when black female rap artists and their fan base disrupt, subvert or challenge dominant gender scripts in hip hop in order to navigate broader discourses on black female sexuality? Drawing on the work of Joan Morgan and hip hop feminist scholarship in general, this essay aims to offer a critical reading of ‘hot girl summer’. Inspired by Houston rapper Megan Thee Stallion’s lyrics on ‘Cash Shit’, where she raps about ‘real hot girl shit’, the phrase has morphed into a larger-than-life persona not only for Megan’s rap superstar profile, but also for a number of black girls. According to Megan, a hot girl summer is ‘about women and men being unapologetically them[selves] […] having a good-ass time, hyping up their friends, doing [them]’. What does ‘hot girl summer’ tell us about significant changes in the ways that black women cultivate community in digital spaces, how they construct their identities within systems of controlling images and grapple with respectability politics? In order to address these questions with a critical lens, using an interdisciplinary approach grounded in black feminism and hip hop feminism, this essay offers a theoretical approach to a digital hip hop feminist sensibility (DHHFS). Too little has been said about black women’s representation in digital spaces where they imagine alternative gender performance, disrupt hegemonic tropes and engage in participatory culture.
The impossibility of being Drake: Or, what it means to be a successful (Black) Canadian rapper
Authors: Boutros Alexandra
Published: July 2020

This article takes Canadian hip hop artist Drake, his celebrity and his body of work as a point of departure for an examination of discursive constructions of race, hip hop and Canada in intersection. Canada’s role in the global hip hop movement has always been contested; circumscribed from abroad by its proximity to the United States and at home by its ideological positioning of Black citizens and Black cultural production vis-à-vis the imagined nation. Framed by broader questions of the role of hip hop in the Canadian public sphere, this discursive analysis analyses the work and utterances of Drake as well as discourses produced about Drake through music criticism and by other hip hop artists. Drake’s public performance of Blackness via hip hop is framed by overlapping and competing ideologies. Drake – whose public persona seems to embody a number of seemingly competing identities – is ‘impossible’ in so far as he is the product of intersecting, circulating conceptualizations of Blackness that render only some performances of Blackness both commercially viable and authentically hip hop, while others remain impossible, unacceptable, unutterable or unimaginable both inside and outside the nation state.
Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross (ed.) (2016)
Authors: Nitzsche Sina A.
Published: July 2020

Review of: Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross (ed.) (2016)

New York City: Routledge International Handbooks

ISBN 978-1-13879-293-7, h/bk, £160.00, p/bk, £31.99, ebook, £25.99