bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições preliminares da história universal de H.G. Wells: elementos de história socioevolucionista e da world history contemporânea
Authors: Iachtechen Fábio Luciano
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem como proposta analisar a História universal, publicada em 1919 pelo escritor inglês H.G. Wells, como representante de um gênero de escrita histórica definido por Doris S. Goldstein como socioevolucionista. Esse gênero teve suas primeiras manifestações no fim do século XIX, com o início da repercussão das teorias darwinistas em algumas obras históricas, mas ganhou contornos mais precisos nas primeiras décadas do século XX, sendo o livro de Wells o mais representativo dessa historiografia. Essas primeiras manifestações foram retomadas em novas abordagens na segunda metade do século XX, com a emergência da world history, corroborada por descobertas em diversos campos das ciências naturais e mais bem fundamentada em suas aspirações de articular elementos da biologia evolutiva na análise do processo histórico. Enfim, sugerimos que, na História universal, de Wells, alguns elementos articuladores da world history estão já presentes, como a opção por uma escala temporal cósmica associada à temporalidade propriamente histórica e a crítica às fronteiras nacionais como convenções artificiais que se configuravam como empecilho ao desenvolvimento de um raciocínio histórico mais amplo e atinente a questões mundiais.
Uma sílaba rebelde no coração do império: tensões políticas e de gênero no principado de Domiciano
Authors: Inacio Ribeiro Junior Benedito
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar as tensões políticas e de gênero durante o principado de Domiciano (81-96 d.C.) por meio das representações do eunuco Earino construídas nos poemas de Estácio e Marcial. Mais especificamente, buscou-se, com o auxílio dos estudos de gênero e queer, analisar essa figura emblemática que serviu para a construção de imagens acerca das medidas empreendidas pelo imperador Domiciano tanto no campo político quanto no literário, bem como nas regulações de gênero e sexualidade. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que as tensões políticas e de gênero que rondavam a corte domiciana estavam entrelaçadas e buscavam, na representação de uma identidade rebelde, não fixa ou homogênea, reforçar performances de gênero.
Despojo múltiple sobre el tejido de la vida: impactos y resistencias socioambientales
Authors: Navarro Trujillo Mirna Lorena
Published: July 2019

El punto de partida de este texto es la preocupante ofensiva en América Latina del capital y del Estado contra diversos sujetos comunitarios en torno al control, acceso y gestión de aquellos territorios y medios de existencia que han garantizado históricamente el sustento y hecho posible la reproducción de la vida humana y no humana. El neoliberalismo ha radicalizado y reconfigurado múltiples violencias, para despojar y explotar el trabajo vivo y en general, la naturaleza. Mediante la noción de despojo múltiple se exploran los efectos ecosistémicos, económicos, políticos ysubjetivo-culturales que producen las separaciones del capital, y en particular el eco-régimen extractivista (Terán, 2018) sobre el tejido de la vida (Moore, 2015). Esta estela de amenazas, impactos y alteraciones ha sido visibilizada y denunciada por un tejido de luchas comunitarias, que vienen organizando su capacidad política para reconstituir los territorios y defender sus medios de vida.
Extractivismo minero en Perú y subalternidad nacional
Authors: Azamar Alonso Aleida
Published: July 2019

Perú es una de las naciones de América Latina con mayor nivel de producción internacional en cuanto a cobre, plata, hierro y oro, entre algunos otros minerales, así como al volumen de recepción de inversión extranjera para el desarrollo de proyectos mineros. Esto se debe principalmente a la liberalización del sector durante la década de los años noventa y a la disminución de los requerimientos fiscales, lo que ha incrementado el interés para invertir en esta industria.
El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar cómo para lograr lo anterior se ha tenido que renunciar a múltiples derechos de propiedad territorial, lo que ha fomentado un modelo de desarrollo desigual y que, desde la perspectiva teórica de Harvey tiende hacia la usurpación y despojo en las naciones subdesarrolladas para la apropiación de sus bienes primarios.
Competitividad de la agroindustria del piloncillo en la zona central de Veracruz
Authors: Cabrera Martínez Havymael , Aguilar Rivera Noé
Published: July 2019

El piloncillo es jugo de caña de azúcar concentrado a presión atmosférica, cristalizado y moldeado en diversas formas de pilón. Sin embargo, su producción no ha impactado positivamente a los productores, de tal manera que, el proceso técnico y social de agronegocio que más predomina en la región centro de Veracruz, principal estado productor, es el artesanal, por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los factores de competitividad de esta agroindustria mediante técnicas participativas, entrevistas y encuestas, así como el análisis de competitividad FODA, PESTLE y Diamante, en las subregiones rurales de las municipalidades de Huatusco y Zentla. Los resultados establecen que este sector no cuenta con certeza jurídica y bases científicas para la competitividad, calidad en su producción y comercialización, ya que sus problemáticas son diversas y complejas como relación caña-piloncillo, proceso productivo y capacidad, variedades cañeras, infraestructura y equipo disponible, impacto económico regional, tecnología disponible y tipo de energía empleada, diversidad de productos, calidades y comercialización, organización de productores, afectaciones al medio ambiente, usos de subproductos y sustentabilidad, aspectos políticos y de legislación y certificación internacional.
Cross-comparison of cloud liquid water path derived from observations by two space-borne and one ground-based instrument in Northern Europe
Authors: Kostsov Vladimir S. , Kniffka Anke , Stengel Martin , Ionov Dmitry V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is one of the target atmospheric parameters retrieved remotely from ground-based and space-borne platforms using different observation methods and processing algorithms. Validation of LWP retrievals is a complicated task since a cloud cover is characterised by strong temporal and spatial variability while remote sensing methods have different temporal and spatial resolution. An attempt has been made to compare and analyse the collocated LWP data delivered by two satellite instruments SEVIRI and AVHRR together with the data derived from microwave observations by the ground-based radiometer RPG‑HATPRO. The geographical region of interest is the vicinity of St.Petersburg, Russia, where the RPG‑HATPRO radiometer is operating. The study is focused on two problems. The first one is the so-called scale difference problem which originates from dissimilar spatial resolutions of measurements. The second problem refers to the land-sea LWP gradient. The radiometric site is located 2.5 km from the coastline where the effects of the LWP gradient are pronounced. A good agreement of data obtained at the microwave radiometer location by all three instruments (HATPRO, SEVIRI and AVHRR) during warm and cold seasons is demonstrated (the largest correlation coefficient 0.93 was detected for HATPRO and AVHRR data sets). The analysis showed no bias of the SEVIRI results with respect to HATPRO data and a high bias (0.013–0.017 kg m−2) of the AVHRR results for both warm and cold seasons. The analysis of LWP maps plotted on the basis of the SEVIRI and AVHRR measurements over land and water surfaces in the vicinity of St.Petersburg revealed the unexpectedly high LWP values delivered by AVHRR during cold season over the Neva river bay and over the Saimaa Lake and the abnormal land-sea LWP gradient in these areas. For the detailed evaluation of atmospheric state and ice cover in the considered geographical regions during the periods of ground-based and satellite measurements, reanalysis data were used. It is shown that the most probable reason for the observed artifacts in the AVHRR measurements over water/ice surfaces is the coarse resolution of the land-sea and snow/ice masks used by the AVHRR retrieval algorithm. The influence of a cloud field inhomogeneity on the agreement between the satellite and the ground-based data was studied. For this purpose, the simple estimate of the LWP temporal variability was used as a measure of the spatial inhomogeneity. It has been demonstrated that both instruments are equally sensitive to the inhomogeneity of a cloud field despite the fact that they have different spatial resolution.
Decadal fates and impacts of nitrogen additions on temperate forest carbon storage: a data–model comparison
Authors: Cheng Susan J. , Hess Peter G. , Wieder William R. , Thomas R. Quinn , Nadelhoffer Knute J. , Vira Julius , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Gundersen Per , Fernandez Ivan J. , Schleppi Patrick , Gruselle Marie-Cécile , Moldan Filip , Goodale Christine L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. To accurately capture the impacts of nitrogen (N) on the land
carbon (C) sink in Earth system models, model responses to both N limitation
and ecosystem N additions (e.g., from atmospheric N deposition and
fertilizer) need to be evaluated. The response of the land C sink to N
additions depends on the fate of these additions: that is, how much of the
added N is lost from the ecosystem through N loss pathways or recovered and
used to increase C storage in plants and soils. Here, we evaluate the C–N
dynamics of the latest version of a global land model, the Community Land
Model version 5 (CLM5), and how they vary when ecosystems have large N
inputs and losses (i.e., an open N cycle) or small N inputs and losses
(i.e., a closed N cycle). This comparison allows us to identify potential
improvements to CLM5 that would apply to simulated N cycles along the
open-to-closed spectrum. We also compare the short- (< 3 years) and
longer-term (5–17 years) N fates in CLM5 against observations from 13
long-term 15N tracer addition experiments at eight temperate forest
sites. Simulations using both open and closed N cycles overestimated plant N
recovery following N additions. In particular, the model configuration with
a closed N cycle simulated that plants acquired more than twice the amount
of added N recovered in 15N tracer studies on short timescales (CLM5:
46±12 %; observations: 18±12 %; mean across sites
±1 standard deviation) and almost twice as much on longer timescales
(CLM5: 23±6 %; observations: 13±5 %). Soil N recoveries
in simulations with closed N cycles were closer to observations in the short term
(CLM5: 40±10 %; observations: 54±22 %) but smaller
than observations in the long term (CLM5: 59±15 %; observations:
69±18 %). Simulations with open N cycles estimated similar
patterns in plant and soil N recovery, except that soil N recovery was also
smaller than observations in the short term. In both open and closed sets of
simulations, soil N recoveries in CLM5 occurred from the cycling of N
through plants rather than through direct immobilization in the soil, as is
often indicated by tracer studies. Although CLM5 greatly overestimated plant
N recovery, the simulated increase in C stocks to recovered N was not much
larger than estimated by observations, largely because the model's assumed
C:N ratio for wood was nearly half that suggested by measurements at the
field sites. Overall, results suggest that simulating accurate ecosystem
responses to changes in N additions requires increasing soil competition for
N relative to plants and examining model assumptions of C:N
stoichiometry, which should also improve model estimates of other
terrestrial C–N processes and interactions.
Sea ice kinematic features in the Arctic outflow region and their associations with Arctic Northeast Passage accessibility
Authors: Gui Dawei , Pang Xiaoping , Lei Ruibo , Zhao Xi , Wang Jia
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Increasing amounts of evidence have proven Arctic sea ice is undergoing remarkable loss. On the bright side, the Arctic sea routes are becoming increasingly accessible. In this study, the NSIDC product of sea ice motion was applied to reconstruct the northward speed of sea ice to obtain the kinematic features of the sea ice in the Arctic outflow region which specially referred to the Fram Strait and to the north of the Northeast Passage (NEP).In the Arctic outflow region, the average southward displacement of sea ice in 2007–2014 (1511 km) was more than twice the average prior to 2007 (617 km), which indicated continuous enhancement of the Transpolar Drift Stream (TDS) in comparison with previous years. In the regions to the north of the NEP, the long-term trend of northward sea ice speed in the Kara sector was +0.04 cm s−1 year−1 in spring. A significant statistical relationship was found between the NEP open period and the northward speed of the sea ice to the north of the NEP. The offshore advection of sea ice could account for the opening of sea routes by 33% and 15% in the Kara and Laptev sectors, respectively.The atmospheric circulation indices across the TDS, i.e., the Central Arctic Index (CAI), presented more significant correlation than for the Arctic atmospheric Dipole Anomaly index with the open period of the NEP, and the CAI could explain the southward displacement of sea ice toward Fram Strait by more than 45%. The impact from the summer positive CAI reinforces the thinning and mechanical weakening of the sea ice in the NEP region, which promoted the navigability of the NEP.
A Report on “Old Map Collection” by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
Authors: Hidari Kana , Nakano Niina
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Historical maps are valuable resources to understand the topography, land use, and land cover of the country in the past. Recently they have been used as basic data in fields such as education, disaster prevention or research on local history. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) has been working on collecting and archiving historical maps which were drawn before than Meiji period. However, public use of these maps is often confined because they are almost non-existent or have the possibility of being damaged. Therefore, in order for everyone to use these maps, GSI created a website “Old Map Collection” (Figure 1), which provides various digitized historical maps. In this presentation, we introduce the summary of “Old Map Collection” and some of its new contents.In 2005 GSI created a website “Old Map Collection” to provide historical maps for public use as historical, cultural, and academic documents. Users can browse about 1,500 map sheets including various related information, e.g., name, size, date-of-creation, author, and pictorial image. Also all maps are categorized into 15 fields such as maps made in Meiji period, maps of Japan, world maps, and Ino’s maps, based on their age of publication, range of area, and purpose of use, which enables users to find maps more easily.2018 marked the 150th anniversary since the beginning of Meiji period, when the modernization of Japan started. In order to bequeath the history of Meiji to future generations, Japanese government has promoted the policy named “MEIJI 150th”. One of the projects GSI conducted related to “MEIJI 150th” was the additional release of 1:20,000 scale original rapid survey map, e.g., Figure 2, on “Old Map Collection”. This map was created from 1880 to 1886 (the 13th -19th years of Meiji period) in advance of the national survey by General Staff Office of the Imperial Japanese Army, and is now owned only by GSI. It contains 921 colored map sheets which cover the area of capital Tokyo and its surrounding regions.
A comparative analysis of visualization methods of travel time for schematic road map
Authors: Hou Xiaotong , Ti Peng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Schematic map has higher recognition efficiency due to its simplified shape, thus it is widely used in the repesentation of transportation (such as metro map). Because manual design of schematic map is time consuming, many researchers have focused on automatic generation of schematic map. Existing automatic generation methods mainly focus on the development of methods of simplification of road maps. In practice, time information is also important for map users. Several methods on the visualization of time information on schematic maps have been proposed, such as TimeCoutours method (Nicholas et al. 2006) and adding time cues to schematic maps (Haverkort 2014). However, these methods have not been compared and evaluated, which is the aim of this study.Existing methods mainly use the “hue, lightness, shape, size, style” and their combinations for map foreground and background. This study evaluates the existing methods from three aspects: usability, efficiency and aesthetic. For example, 1) “With the representation of time information, whether it reduces the clarity of road presentation” evaluates usability, 2) “Is it visually clear for the differences of the time information among roads?” evaluates the validity of the methods aiming at map foreground, 3) “Is it visually clear for the differences of the time information among area?” evaluates the effectiveness of methods for map background, 4) “After adding time information, compare the beauty with figure a.” evaluates aesthetic. There are 30 questions in this questionnaire. 20 volunteers with different majors and educational background are requested to give scores for these questions. A 5-score system is used in this questionnaire and contains “very hard or disturbing, hard or disturbing, commonly, good, very good”.The experimental results indicate that: 1) for the usability, the scores of color, size, color-brightness-size and lightness-size are higher than 3, and the usability is high, size-style variable is less than 2.5. 2) for the efficiency, the average score of the method of visualizing map foreground is higher than that of the method of map background. However, the score of background color-brightness-size method is higher than that of foreground style method, and both of them are higher than 3. 3) for the aesthetic, color-brightness-size, color-size and size are more than 3. Style method score less than 2. According the experiment results, it can be concluded that the color-brightness-size method and foreground-size method have higher effects for the visualization of time information. Next, this study will evaluate the applicability of each method and conduct eye-tracking experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods.
Location Based Services: Research Trends and Open Challenges
Authors: Huang Haosheng , Gartner Georg , Krisp Jukka M. , Raubal Martin , Van de Weghe Nico
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We are now living in a mobile information era, which is fundamentally changing science and society. Location Based Services (LBS), which deliver information depending on the location of the (mobile) device and user, play a key role in this mobile information era.This presentation will review the state-of-the-art in LBS research, and identify several research trends in recent years. These range from mobile guides and navigation systems to more diverse applications, from outdoor to indoor and mixed outdoor/indoor environments, from location based to context-aware, from maps and audio to more diverse and ‘natural’ interfaces, from technology-oriented to interdisciplinary research, and analysis of big spatial data.To motivate further LBS research and stimulate collective efforts, this presentation will present a series of key research challenges that are essential to advance the development of LBS, setting a research agenda for LBS to ‘positively’ shape the future of our mobile information society. These research challenges (Figure 1) cover issues related to the core of LBS development (e.g. positioning, modelling, and communication), evaluation, and analysis of LBS-generated data, as well as social, ethical, and behavioural issues that rise as LBS enter into people’s daily lives. This research agenda is an outcome of the multi-phase collaborative initiative (https://lbs.icaci.org/research-agenda/), started in May 2016.We hope this research agenda helps to motivate further LBS research and stimulate collective efforts. To bring together the broader community to answer these open research questions, a series of activities (conferences, workshops, and special issues) will be organized in the coming years. By working collaboratively within the LBS community and across cognate communities, we can ensure a better future of our mobile information society.This presentation is based on the following publication: Haosheng Huang, Georg Gartner, Jukka M. Krisp, Martin Raubal & Nico Van de Weghe (2018): Location based services: ongoing evolution and research agenda, Journal of Location Based Services, DOI: 10.1080/17489725.2018.1508763.
Context-Aware POI Sequence Recommendation with Attention-Based Neural Network
Authors: Huang Jianfeng , Liu Yuefeng , Chen Yue , Jia Chen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Location-based social networks (LBSNs) is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life, through which users can share their locations and location-related contents at any time. The Location information implicitly expresses user's behaviour preference. Therefore, LBSNs is being widely explored for Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation in recent years. Most of existing POI recommenders only recommend a single POI, while sometimes successive POI sequence recommendation is more practical. For example, when we travel to a strange city, what we expect is not a single POI recommendation, but a POI sequence recommendation which contains a set of POIs and the order of visiting them. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel model called Context-Aware POI Sequence Recommendation (CPSR), which is developed based on an attention-based neural network. Neural network has made a great success in various of field because of its powerful learning ability. Recently, dozens of works has demonstrated that attention mechanism can make the neural network models more reasonable.
A practice of information processing by rearranging matrix of Jacques Bertin – application of diagram in environmental color workshop
Authors: Huang Qifan , Kobayashi Akiyo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The goal of this research is to apply diagrams to environmental color studies. The experience of environmental color is not only visual experience, but also the relationship of the color and the form of the object, the material, the place, the human perception experience. Diagrams records these factors along with the human perception experiences. These diagrams make it possible to study and analyze environmental color more deeply and more easily. In this paper, we first reviewed the "case studies of environmental color workshops" and "theory of information processing by rearranging matrix of Jacques Bertin" which are related to this research. Next, we conducted an environmental color workshop and evaluated the application of diagrams at workshop by students and experts (design teachers and designers). As a result, we confirmed that the diagrams proposed by us are effective for the environmental color workshop. In particular, it was confirmed that these diagrams are effective for group discussion (analysis).The workshop was held at the South China University of Technology (Guangzhou, China) on October 14 – October 17, 2016 (Figure.1). The participants were 5 students. First, students walked along a path near the natural lake in the campus and recorded the observed color objects and their perception experiences. Next, the students (A, B, C, D, E) entered the observation results into the matrix type diagram (a) (Figure.2). In diagram (a), the colors observed by each student were displayed on the left side of the observation route, and the photographs of the color objects, the perception experiences on the color objects, and the landscape photographs of the observation place were arranged on the right side of the observation route. Next, according to Jacques Bertin's theory (visual variables and rearrangement of the matrix), diagram (a) was transformed into diagram (b) (Figure.3) and group discussion and information analysis were carried out. In diagram (b), color objects are represented as "rows", and various attributes of color objects as "columns". The attributes of color objects are the keywords extracted from the "perception experiences for color objects" in diagram (a). In the notation of visual variables, ordinary impression was displayed as gray dot, good impression was displayed as orange dot, bad impression was indicated as blue dot, and the number of observers was indicated by the size of the dot. Looking at Figure.3-left, the most common thing is finding color objects by "brightness", and the number of observers who recorded the "brightness" of bicycle is the largest. By rearranging the matrix in diagram (b), we found that the color objects can be divided into "gray", "white" and "yellow" (Figure.3-middle), there were many good impressions for "yellow and white (flowers)", and there were many bad impressions for "gray and white (street lights)" (Figure.3-right).
Memory and local Identity: the Persistence of Colonial-Era Street Names in Hong kong after 1997
Authors: Huang Wenchuan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The critical study of toponymy has paid considerable attention to the renaming of streets following revolutionary political change since 1980s. Such renaming is intended to institutionalize a new political agenda through shaping the meanings in everyday practices and landscapes. For example, after taking back the foreign concessions in 1943,the Wang Jingwei government eradicated all the streets of Shanghai named after foreign figures. The same case as post-colonial Singapore after 1965, where naming streets served to erase the colonial past and assert national independence. Nevertheless, the most of Colonial-Era Street Names still persisted in the city after Hong Kong's reunification to China in 1997.This research seeks to advance the critical toponymical study through the history and spatial changes of Hong Kong's street names to explore the street naming operations of Colonial governance with different block spaces in different periods. And further discusses about memory, local identity and the persistence of Colonial-Era street names after 1997.
Web Cartography going public: Developing a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for cartographic prosumers
Authors: Hurni Lorenz , Gkonos Charalampos , Baer Hans-Rudolf
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The science of cartography has evolved significantly during the last years. Major developments have been achieved in the specific areas of output media, map production technologies and dissemination channels. The existence of several freely available web-mapping tools (e.g. JavaScript mapping libraries) encourages a broader community of users to produce web-maps and visually represent research results and data. Despite the obvious advantages of promoting the importance of cartography to a wider audience, the difficulty of conveying, acquiring and applying specialised cartographic knowledge might discourage this new global “crowd” of prosumers (= at the same time producer and users of maps).A modern and promising approach in reaching those target groups is through a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). MOOCs belong to a relatively new Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) group of educational approaches, which an increasing number of universities try to integrate in their teaching. The main objectives of those courses is to disseminate knowledge through the sharing of free high-quality learning materials, to produce new knowledge through students’ interactions with the course platform, and to enable research on education and learning. In spite of the numerous advantages offered by MOOCs, their number remains relatively small within the field of cartography, compared to other scientific areas (e.g. Business & Management).
The national map of Japan compiled by the Tokugawa Shogunate
Authors: Kawamura Hirotada
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In early modern Japan, it was a political tradition for the central government to compile a national map. Edo Shogunate had compiled nationally the nihon-sōzu (national map of Japan) from the kuni-ezu (provincial map). The Shogunate government ordered the major Daimyōs (feudal lords) of each kuni (province) to produce personally their own kuni-ezu (provincial maps), and present it to the Shogunate. Then the government compiled nationally the map of Japan from those provincial maps, which were consists of 68 pieces of all kuni traditionally in Japan.Each Shogunate national map of Japan was a huge chromatic hand writing map. For a considerable time, the national map created by the Shogunate government was mistakenly believed to have been produced total of four times (during the Keichō, Shōhō, Genroku, and Kyōhō eras) in all. This is because it was generally known that the Shogunate government collected provincial maps from each province in all these eras.By the way, recently it was revealed in my study that the national maps created by the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo era 260 years (1608-1867) was six times in all, as shown in Table 1, except for the last Ino’s map. Ino’s map was not compiled from kuni-ezu and the making of this map had a big personal role rather than work of the government. Therefore, in this report, it has not taken up about the Ino’s map.It was assumed that the Keichō era’s national map was based on its provincial map. However, it is now a general view that Keichō era’s provincial map not created nationwide but having been created only in western part of Japan with many lords promoted by Toyotomi Hideyosi. This raises an important question; how can a national map be correctly produced if all provincial maps in Japan are not included?On the other hand, the third shogun Tokugawa Iemitu sent Junkenshi (Administrative inspectors) to all provinces for the first time in 10th year of Kan’ei (1633), and each inspector collected provincial maps from their respective province and then the Shogunate government compiled the national map of Japan for the first time in the Edo period. Its copy remains nowadays in four places, including the Saga prefectural Library.The Revolt of Simabara occurred four years after the first national map of Japan was made, and Shogunate government had difficulty in dispatching armies to distant Kyūshū. Not only was strongly aware of the lack of traffic information in the previous map, but the 3-disc set map was too large for usable. From that reflection, Inoue Masashige, the chief officer of the government hurriedly thought about the revision of the national map, and collected the provincial maps again only from the Chūgoku district leading to kyūshū and quickly reproduced the map. That is the map of 15 years of Kan’ei.
Measuring user preferences in virtual reality (VR): 2D versus 3D urban geovisualizations of topographic data
Authors: Kent Alexander J. , Halik Łukasz
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Virtual reality (VR) is a display and control technology that provides an interactive computer-generated three-dimensional environment to a user, often via a Head Mounted Display (HMD). VR delivers an immediate and immersive sensory experience of simulated worlds (which may or may not resemble reality), particularly of environments that might otherwise be physically inaccessible to the user due to their location, scale, time or danger. Although the first VR systems began to emerge in the 1960s, their relevance to cartographic applications has only recently become an explicit focus of research. Moreover, the potential of VR technology to visualize topographic databases has yet to be explored by cartographers.In this experiment, we designed a VR application of a fictitious city derived from state 1 : 10,000 topographic data (Polish Database of Topographic Objects BDOT10k) to test user preferences for 2D or 3D urban geovisualizations. The app allows the user to switch between 2D and 3D representations of buildings in the simulation using a remote controller. This functionality enabled participants of the experiment to freely select 2D or 3D mode and for their preferences to be recorded and measured.Our experiment involved two groups, one based in Poland and one in the UK, each comprising 30 participants (students enrolled on a Geography undergraduate course at each author’s institution). Participants performed spatial ability tests to help ensure consistency in the sample and each group was divided into two sub-groups. Participants in the first sub-group were each given a navigation task that required their movement across the simulated city from point A to point B in the shortest possible time. Those in the second sub-group were given the freedom to explore the simulated city without being given a specific navigational task. We then interviewed participants in order to understand their own perception of their experiences in using the app.The results indicate the preferences of the two groups and sub-groups of participants. In particular, we establish whether users preferred the 2D mode for the navigational task and the 3D mode for free exploration. The findings suggest how producers of topographic datasets might develop the functionality of their products using VR.
Retro-atlases II: a new edition of the first Statistical Atlas of Switzerland (1897)
Authors: König Olaf
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In 2018, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office celebrated the 125th edition of its most prominent annual publication – the “Statistical Yearbook of Switzerland”. This celebration was also an opportunity of reissuing as a supplement a selection of attractive, but not well-known visualisations from the first Statistical Atlas of Switzerland initially published in 1897 and yearbooks from the 19th century. The original atlas produced issued by the Swiss Federal Statistical Bureau contained 22 coloured “plates”, including 6 maps and 16 diagrams. The techniques of visual display of statistical information were still in their infancy in statistical offices at this time, but this remarkable atlas already shows an expertise and judicious use of these techniques borrowed from the then reference book of Dr Georg von Mayr. The foreword of the original atlas gives a clue of what the authors intended with this visual collection: their main objective was to democratise interest in public statistics and their results using visualisations. In an educational effort, also an explanatory preamble on the methods of graphical representation in general was offered.The data used were relatively recent at the time of publication and the datasets even contain first long-time series, ranging from 1850 to 1898. The themes addressed testify to the development of public statistics at the time and the historical context. We find the traditional demographic themes (birth rate, mortality, marriage, population structure, emigration and health), territorial aspects (surfaces and occupation and land use), political life (elected representatives and voting result), trade aspects (imports and exports) and the development of means of communications (railways, telegraph and telephone). The data visualisation techniques that were used already reflect a certain diversity: choropleth and proportional symbol maps, bar charts, pie charts, line charts and population pyramids, displayed as simple figures or as small multiples.Following a similar first publication of a retro-atlas (The “Graphical-statistical Atlas 1914–2014”), published in 2015, he this latest atlas edition combines the 22 plates from the 1897 atlas as well as 7 older visualisations from the 1891–1899 yearbooks, and enriches this “retro” selection with their counterpart visualisations produced with recent data and modern tools around the year 2017. As the original atlas, the new atlas is fully bilingual and was printed in 2000 copies.It is thus possible for the reader to compare different themes and developments in a broad historical perspective, as well as to appreciate the statistics bureau’s early know-how in visual communication. This anniversary edition is therefore an opportunity to bring the first statistical atlas back to the public's attention, and to show the early interest of official statistics in this excellent “intuitive means of teaching, particularly suitable for popularising the interest in the work of statistics”.
Coincident Visualization of Uncertainty and Value for Point Symbols
Authors: Kubíček Petr , Konečný Milan , Shen Jie , Stachoň Zdeněk , Štampach Radim , Wu Xinqian , Herman Lukáš , Staněk Karel , Řezník Tomáš
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The issue of uncertainty as a generic phenomenon in the natural world has been at the centre of both the cartographic and GI communities since the beginning of geographic data quality research. In accordance with the development of theoretical aspects of cartographic visualization and methods of uncertainty propagation in models, the generally accepted opinion is that uncertainty has to be presented to users in an unambiguous and understandable way. Despite reasonable amounts of work done in the field of uncertainty visualization methods (MacEachren1992, Leitner and Buttenfield 2000) and the testing of impact of visualization on decision making (Senaratne et al. 2012; Kinkeldy et al. 2015), there is still a wide gap between the uncertainty visualization theory and widely accepted use of uncertainty representation within decision making process. MacEachren et al. (2012), Fabrikant et al. (2010) initiated the discussion towards optimization of uncertainty visualization regarding visual semiotics and use of specific representations of uncertainty within complex mapping compositions and application context. However, their studies left also some open questions to be solved regarding the international audience of users.The presented study focused on two unresolved topics, namely how would users perceive the uncertainty point map signs within a complex map field and what would be the appropriate visualization in case if there is a need to combine value and uncertainty together. Moreover, we performed the testing in two different cultural environments in Brno (Czech Republic, Europe) and Nanjing (China).
Effect of Frame Structure on Interpretation of Map Symbols
Authors: Li Zhilin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Various studies (e.g. Forrest and Castner 1985, Blok 1987, Clarke 1989, Leung and Li 2002) have shown that some map symbols are very effective (easy to understand the meaning) while some other symbols are not very effective (difficult to understand the meaning). Such results are in accordance our experiences in map use. A question arising is “What matters?” The simple answer is “complexity”.
Statistical maps for comparative visualization of landscape changes for industrial centers from different countries
Authors: Medynska-Gulij Beata , Cybulski Paweł , Wielebski Łukasz , Lorek Dariusz , Horbinski Tymoteusz
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study raises the issue of visualizing landscape and cultural changes from the beginning of the nineteenth century to this day. Statistical maps are very helpful in spatial visualizations, however, the process of designing them may be very complex. Contemporary cartographic materials are very easy in terms of processing, unfortunately, the materials from the nineteenth century need more transformation in order to be useful for statistical analysis.The data source included the Prussian non-cartometric Urmesstischblätter topographic map from the beginning of the nineteenth century, Messtischblätter, the Prussian topographic map from the end of the nineteenth century, and current topographic map of two industrial regions in Europe, the Upper Silesia Industrial District in Poland and the Ruhr Area in Germany.The main aim of this research was to develop and design a set of statistical maps that would depict cultural and landscape changes in two industrial centers, the first one being in Poland and the other one in Germany, from the beginning of the nineteenth century to this day. The authors would also like to demonstrate and describe the geomatic process that led to statistical visualizations.Various methods were employed in this study to create spatial visualizations: the rectification of the cartographic material, vectorization, and generalization of the selected environment and cultural features, computation of areal and linear differences, and finally, the design of spatial statistical visualization for both regions.The results were presented in the form of the set of regular square fishnet choropleth maps (grid cell maps) of the Upper Silesia Industrial District in Poland and the Ruhr Area in Germany (two examples on Figure 1 and Figure 2). Thanks to them, the changes in the landscape and cultural space could be visualized and the comparative analysis could be carried out in order to find similarities and differences in the development of geography of those two regions. The research was funded by the German-Polish Science Foundation.
Is the neighbourhood a level suited to the thermal evaluation of energy loss from buildings?
Authors: Molines Nathalie , Antaluca Eduard , Lamarque Fabien
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol, France is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions four-fold (MEDDE, 2013). To fulfil this commitment, the French government has established a legislative and regulatory environment to ensure the contribution of France’s local government bodies to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Chanard et al., 2011). This transfer of responsibility for energy action to the local level (Theys and Vidalenc, 2011; Bertrand and Richard, 2014) has to be built on quantified goals (Godinot, 2011) and comprehensive action based on three levels of public intervention: exemplarity of public assets and services, public policies and outreach (Chanard et al., 2011). However, public action at local level stumbles across the difficulty of working on the real energy efficiency of urban forms at the level of the city – and not simply that of a building or block (Maïza, 2007; Arantes et al., 2016).The modelling and mapping of energy losses offer a tangible quantitative aid to support cities in their decision-making.Thermal modelling of a built environment is traditionally carried out at urban level, based on macro-economic input data or the typology of buildings (Kavgic et al., 2010), or at building level, based on physical, empirical or statistical data (Magyari et al., 2016, Crawley et al., 2001)). It still has many limitations that need to be addressed. Use of aerial thermography at urban level provides an overview of heat losses from the built environment and is a useful tool in raising residents’ awareness of the importance of isolating their homes. However, it does suffer from a number of biases and limitations, and ultimately acts more as a catalyst for precise, expensive studies at building level (Molines et al., 2017).Between these two levels, the neighbourhood level could produce relatively precise simulations at a reasonable cost. There are various means of tackling this level. These methods are be more or less complex, long and costly to implement and, of course, more or less precise. Here we present the results of a comparative analysis of three methods: one at urban level and two at neighbourhood level (with and without precise thermal data). The aims include checking whether the neighbourhood is a suitable level for thermal study of the build environment with a view to convincing users to carry out energy renovation work. At neighbourhood level, various levels of precision will be provided for simulations, in order to assess the replicability of the studies carried out under more or less simplistic hypotheses.The simulations will be carried out based on a model combining various software packages (GIS, BIM, thermal simulations) and different data acquisition levels.The reliability of the results will be given critical consideration. Uncertainties will be considered alongside the potential use of the method by local governments (input data required, development time for the model, cost, etc.).
Spatial Analysis of Tourist Spots in Central Tokyo Using Online Geotagged Photographs from Flickr
Authors: Bettaieb Bochra , Wakabayashi Yoshiki
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Advancements in information and communication technologies enable us to trace human activities through digital media; networks of fixed or mobile sensors, such as smartphones, global positioning systems, and travel cards, can monitor the timing and locations of human behavior throughout the day. These new sources of geospatial data provide the possibility of analyzing high-resolution big data to capture patterns of human spatial behavior across space and time. Online photo-sharing services are comprised of such sources. This study analyzes the geocoded photos from a photo-sharing service to make a comparison of the varying spatial patterns of tourist attractions in Tokyo as differentiated between those taken by Japanese and foreign visitors. We selected three places (Shinjuku, Asakusa, and Ginza) as study districts from the five top places frequently visited by foreigners based on the 2014 Survey Report of Foreigner Behavior. The data were downloaded from Flickr, one of the most popular online platforms for people to share their travel experiences by uploading photos. We used the data of geocoded photos from 2014, taken within 1 km from Shinjuku, Ginza, and Asakusa stations. Information on the nationality of contributors recorded in the Flickr data was used to compare the tourist spots of Japanese and foreign visitors. To identify the tourist spot, we employed a hotspot analysis using geographic information systems. The obtained results showed some tourist spots common to Japanese and foreign visitors in three study areas, namely, places close to railroad stations. However, the distribution of foreigners’ photographs showed a higher spatial concentration than those taken by Japanese tourists. This tendency is consistent with the findings obtained by Suzuki and Wakabayashi (2008), wherein they compared photos of tourist attractions in guide books of Tokyo. This comparative difference can be explained by the accessibility of railroad stations; in other words, foreigners rely more on public transportation during their comparatively short stays. Spatial patterns of tourist spots varied with the study district in question. In Shinjuku and Ginza, there are differences in tourist spots between Asians and Europeans. Particularly, European tourists’ hot spots tend to be more scattered than Asians. However, such differences are not observed in Asakusa, where tourists’ hot spots are concentrated around Sensoji Temple and Tokyo Sky Tree. The reason for this is that tourist attractions are concentrated in and around specific facilities in the Asakusa district. Hence, the variations of tourist spots obtained by analyzing the geotagged photographs on Flickr can be explained by the difference in behavior and interest of foreign tourists between countries, as well as the spatial distribution of tourist attractions.