bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular translocation of HMGB1 is important for Zika virus replication in Huh7 cells
Authors: Chin Kim-Ling , Zainal Nurhafiza , Sam Sing-Sin , Hassandarvish Pouya , Lani Rafidah , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: January 2022

Neonatal microcephaly and adult Guillain–Barré syndrome are severe complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The robustly induced inflammatory cytokine expressions in ZIKV-infected patients may constitute a hallmark for severe disease. In the present study, the potential role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ZIKV infection was investigated. HMGB1 protein expression was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot assay. HMGB1’s role in ZIKV infection was also explored using treatment with dexamethasone, an immunomodulatory drug, and HMGB1-knockdown (shHMGB1) Huh7 cells. Results showed that the Huh7 cells were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. The infection was found to induce HMGB1 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation, resulting in a > 99% increase in the cytosolic HMGB1 expression at 72-h post-infection (h.p.i). The extracellular HMGB1 level was elevated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. Treatment of the ZIKV-infected cells with dexamethasone (150 µM) reduced HMGB1 extracellular release in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum reduction of 71 ± 5.84% (P < 0.01). The treatment also reduced virus titers by over 83 ± 0.50% (P < 0.01). The antiviral effects, however, were not observed in the dexamethasone-treated shHMGB1 cells. These results suggest that translocation of HMGB1 occurred during ZIKV infection and inhibition of the translocation by dexamethasone coincided with a reduction in ZIKV replication. These findings highlight the potential of targeting the localization of HMGB1 in affecting ZIKV infection.
Thermal excitation signals in the inhomogeneous warm dense electron gas
Authors: Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Dornheim Tobias , Cangi Attila
Published: January 2022

We investigate the emergence of electronic excitations from the inhomogeneous electronic structure at warm dense matter parameters based on first-principles calculations. The emerging modes are controlled by the imposed perturbation amplitude. They include satellite signals around the standard plasmon feature, transformation of plasmons to optical modes, and double-plasmon modes. These modes exhibit a pronounced dependence on the temperature. This makes them potentially invaluable for the diagnostics of plasma parameters in the warm dense matter regime. We demonstrate that these modes can be probed with present experimental techniques.
The impact of control and mitigation strategies during the second wave of coronavirus infections in Spain and Italy
Authors: De Nadai Marco , Roomp Kristof , Lepri Bruno , Oliver Nuria
Published: January 2022

European countries struggled to fight against the second and the third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the Test-Trace-Isolate (TTI) strategy widely adopted over the summer and early fall 2020 failed to contain the spread of the disease effectively. This paper sheds light on the effectiveness of such a strategy in two European countries (Spain and Italy) by analysing data from June to December 2020, collected via a large-scale online citizen survey with 95,251 and 43,393 answers in Spain and Italy, respectively. Our analysis describes several weaknesses in each of the three pillars of the TTI strategy: Test, Trace, and Isolate. We find that 40% of respondents had to wait more than 48 hours to obtain coronavirus tests results, while literature has shown that a delay of more than one day might make tracing all cases inefficient. We also identify limitations in the manual contact tracing capabilities in both countries, as only 29% of respondents in close contact with a confirmed infected individual reported having been contact traced. Moreover, our analysis shows that more than 45% of respondents report being unable to self-isolate if needed. We also analyse the mitigation strategies deployed to contain the second wave of coronavirus. We find that these interventions were particularly effective in Italy, where close contacts were reduced by more than 20% in the general population. Finally, we analyse the participants’ perceptions about the coronavirus risk associated with different daily activities. We observe that they are often gender- and age-dependent, and not aligned with the actual risk identified by the literature. This finding emphasises the importance of deploying public-health communication campaigns to debunk misconceptions about SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work illustrates the value of online citizen surveys to quickly and efficiently collect large-scale population data to support and evaluate policy decisions to combat the spread of infectious diseases, such as coronavirus.
Cluster analysis integrating age and body temperature for mortality in patients with sepsis: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Baek Moon Seong , Kim Jong Ho , Kwon Young Suk
Published: January 2022

It is not clear whether mortality is associated with body temperature (BT) in older sepsis patients. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality rates in sepsis patients according to age and BT and identify the risk factors for mortality. We investigated the clusters using a machine learning method based on a combination of age and BT, and identified the mortality rates according to these clusters. This retrospective multicenter study was conducted at five hospitals in Korea. Data of sepsis patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit between January 1, 2011 and April 30, 2021 were collected. BT was divided into three groups (hypothermia < 36 °C, normothermia 36‒38 °C, and hyperthermia > 38 °C), and age groups were divided using a 75-year age threshold. Kaplan‒Meier analysis was performed to assess the cumulative mortality over 90 days. A K-means clustering algorithm using age and BT was used to characterize phenotypes. During the study period, 15,574 sepsis patients were enrolled. Overall, 90-day mortality was 20.5%. Kaplan‒Meier survival analyses demonstrated that 90-day mortality rates were 27.4%, 19.6%, and 11.9% in the hypothermia, normothermia, and hyperthermia groups, respectively, in those ≥ 75 years old (Log-rank p < 0.001). Cluster analysis demonstrated three groups: Cluster A (relatively older age and lower BT), Cluster B (relatively younger age and wide range of BT), and Cluster C (relatively higher BT than Cluster A). Kaplan‒Meier curve analysis showed that the 90-day mortality rates of Cluster A was significantly higher than those of Clusters B and C (24.2%, 17.1%, and 17.0%, respectively; Log-rank p < 0.001). The 90-day mortality rate correlated inversely with BT groups among sepsis patients in either age group (< 75 and ≥ 75 years). Clustering analysis revealed that the mortality rate was higher in the cluster of patients with relatively older age and lower BT.
Strong and widespread cycloheximide resistance in Stichococcus-like eukaryotic algal taxa
Authors: Syuhada Nur Hidayu , Merican Faradina , Zaki Syazana , Broady Paul A. , Convey Peter , Muangmai Narongrit
Published: January 2022

This study was initiated following the serendipitous discovery of a unialgal culture of a Stichococcus-like green alga (Chlorophyta) newly isolated from soil collected on Signy Island (maritime Antarctica) in growth medium supplemented with 100 µg/mL cycloheximide (CHX, a widely used antibiotic active against most eukaryotes). In order to test the generality of CHX resistance in taxa originally identified as members of Stichococcus (the detailed taxonomic relationships within this group of algae have been updated since our study took place), six strains were studied: two strains isolated from recent substrate collections from Signy Island (maritime Antarctica) (“Antarctica” 1 and “Antarctica” 2), one isolated from this island about 50 years ago (“Antarctica” 3) and single Arctic (“Arctic”), temperate (“Temperate”) and tropical (“Tropical”) strains. The sensitivity of each strain towards CHX was compared by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth rate and lag time when exposed to different CHX concentrations. All strains except “Temperate” were highly resistant to CHX (MIC > 1000 µg/mL), while “Temperate” was resistant to 62.5 µg/mL (a concentration still considerably greater than any previously reported for algae). All highly resistant strains showed no significant differences in growth rate between control and treatment (1000 µg/mL CHX) conditions. Morphological examination suggested that four strains were consistent with the description of the species Stichococcus bacillaris while the remaining two conformed to S. mirabilis. However, based on sequence analyses and the recently available phylogeny, only one strain, “Temperate”, was confirmed to be S. bacillaris, while “Tropical” represents the newly erected genus Tetratostichococcus, “Antarctica 1” Tritostichococcus, and “Antarctica 2”, “Antarctica 3” and “Arctic” Deuterostichococcus. Both phylogenetic and CHX sensitivity analyses suggest that CHX resistance is potentially widespread within this group of algae.
Tumor radioresistance caused by radiation-induced changes of stem-like cell content and sub-lethal damage repair capability
Authors: Fukui Roman , Saga Ryo , Matsuya Yusuke , Tomita Kazuo , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Ohuchi Kentaro , Sato Tomoaki , Okumura Kazuhiko , Date Hiroyuki , Fukumoto Manabu , Hosokawa Yoichiro
Published: January 2022

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) within solid tumors exhibit radioresistance, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis after radiotherapy. To experimentally study the characteristics of CSCs, radioresistant cell lines were successfully established using fractionated X-ray irradiation. The fundamental characteristics of CSCs in vitro have been previously reported; however, the relationship between CSC and acquired radioresistance remains uncertain. To efficiently study this relationship, we performed both in vitro experiments and theoretical analysis using a cell-killing model. Four types of human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines, non-radioresistant cell lines (SAS and HSC2), and radioresistant cell lines (SAS-R and HSC2-R), were used to measure the surviving fraction after single-dose irradiation, split-dose irradiation, and multi-fractionated irradiation. The SAS-R and HSC2-R cell lines were more positive for one of the CSC marker aldehyde dehydrogenase activity than the corresponding non-radioresistant cell lines. The theoretical model analysis showed that changes in both the experimental-based ALDH (+) fractions and DNA repair efficiency of ALDH (−) fractions (i.e., sub-lethal damage repair) are required to reproduce the measured cell survival data of non-radioresistant and radioresistant cell lines. These results suggest that the enhanced cell recovery in SAS-R and HSC2-R is important when predicting tumor control probability in radiotherapy to require a long dose-delivery time; in other words, intensity-modulated radiation therapy is ideal. This work provides a precise understanding of the mechanism of radioresistance, which is induced after irradiation of cancer cells.
Construction of a Z-scheme g-C3N4/NBGO/BiVO4 heterostructure with visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: efficiency, reaction pathway and mechanism
Authors: Peng Xiaoming , Liu Caihua , Zhao Zilong , Hu Fengping , Dai Hongling
Published: January 2022

In this study, an aminated graphene-like biochar (NGBO) was used as a solid-state electron mediator at a g-C3N4/BiVO4 interface to construct a hybrid Z-scheme system (g-C3N4/NBGO/BiVO4) for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions.
Modulation of photocatalytic properties through counter-ion substitution: tuning the bandgaps of aromatic sulfonium octamolybdates for efficient photo-degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Singh Mahender , Pradeep Chullikkattil P.
Published: January 2022

New aromatic sulfonium octamolybdates are developed and used as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of rhodamine B. By altering the counterion substituent, the bandgaps, adsorption and catalytic properties of the hybrids are fine-tuned.
Effects of different surfactants on the conjugates of soybean protein-polyphenols for the preparation of β-carotene microcapsules
Authors: Yan Shizhang , Xu Jingwen , Zhang Shuang , Zhu Huaping , Qi Baokun , Li Yang
Published: January 2022

Soy protein isolate–epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugate (SPE) and surfactant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and tea saponin (TS)] stabilized β-carotene microcaps, as a prospective approach.
Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on the meat quality of oxidatively stressed broilers revealed by integrated metabolomics and antioxidant analysis
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Xuemin , Zhao Jinshan , Wang Yang , Hao Xiaojing , Liu Kaidong , Liu Huawei
Published: January 2022

Dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation improved meat quality traits and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity by activating the Nrf2 pathway and normalizing the metabolic changes in the breast muscle of oxidatively stressed broilers.
Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally alters placental metabolism and nutrient transportviamodulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in sows
Authors: Cui Chang , Wu Caichi , Wang Jun , Zheng Xiaoyu , Ma Ziwei , Zhu Pengwei , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai , Chen Fang
Published: January 2022

In a previously published study we reported that sow dietary leucine supplementation during late pregnancy significantly improved newborn piglet birth weight by stimulating protein synthesis in the longissimus dorsi muscle.
Surface-bulk coupling in a Bi2Te3 nanoplate grown by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Meng Mengmeng , Huang Shaoyun , Tan Congwei , Zhang Congcong , Peng Hailin , Xu H. Q.
Published: January 2022

Low-field magnetotransport measurements are carried out for a 3D topological insulator nanoplate at low temperatures and it is shown that taking surface-bulk state coupling into account is essential for analysis of the quantum transport measurements of the system.
Transparent, self-recoverable, highly tough, puncture and tear resistant polyurethane supramolecular elastomer with fast self-healing capacityvia“hard–soft” hard domain design
Authors: Xu Kangming , Chen Guoqing , Zhao Mingjie , He Weiyi , Hu Qiaoman , Pu Yong
Published: January 2022

By the coordination of a “hard–soft” hard domain, a polyurethane supramolecular elastomer with fast self-healing and superior mechanical properties is fabricated.
Multipurpose made colorimetric materials for amines, pH change and metal ion detection
Authors: Bao Lihong , Jones Leighton O. , Garrote Cañas Ana M. , Yan Yunhan , Pask Christopher M. , Hardie Michaele J. , Mosquera Martin A. , Schatz George C. , Sergeeva Natalia N.
Published: January 2022

Multi-responsive colorimetric sensors based on the hydrazone motif, which are perfectly suited for chemo sensing applications have been developed.
Development of a ratiometric nitric oxide probe with baseline resolved emissions by an ESIPT and rhodol ring opened-closed integrated two-photon platform
Authors: Wang Xumei , Sun Qi , Song Xinjian , Wang Yan , Hu Wei
Published: January 2022

A NO-specific two-photon ratiometric probe for evaluation of inflammation in the process of diabetic mouse skin ulcers was constructed.
Efficient production of hydrogen from H2Sviaelectrolysis using a CoFeS2catalyst
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: January 2022

CoFe(3 : 1)S2produces pure H2from H2S electrolysis at a very low potential, making the overall process six times less energy-consuming than most sustainable water electrolysis for the same amount of H2production.
MOF-based ionic sieve interphase for regulated Zn2+ flux toward dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Yani , Wang Haoqiang , Dou Shuming , Gan Wei , Ci Lijie , Huang Yan , Yuan Qunhui
Published: January 2022

A rationally designed multifunctional Zn3(BTC)2 coating layer for Zn anodes to achieve dendrite-free aqueous ZIBs with high capacity and long lifespan.
Rationally selecting the chemical composition of the Nd–Fe–B magnet for high-efficiency grain boundary diffusion of heavy rare earths
Authors: He Jiayi , Yu Zhigao , Cao Jiali , Song Wenyue , Xu Ke , Fan Wenbing , Yu Hongya , Zhong Xichun , Mao Huayun , Mao Congyao , Liu Zhongwu
Published: January 2022

Higher diffusion efficiency of Tb was found in Nd–Fe–B than in Pr–Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets. This is because the reactive Pr brings more intergranular oxides, which blocks the diffusion channel for Tb and consumes Tb at the triple-junction phase.
Barriers to Equity in Pediatric Hearing Health Care: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Kingsbury Sarah , Khvalabov Nicole , Stirn Jonathan , Held Cara , Fleckenstein Stephanie M. , Hendrickson Kristi , Walker Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

We review the evidence regarding barriers to hearing health care for children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Background:

There are considerable data to suggest that hearing health care disparities constitute a major factor in loss to follow-up or documentation for children going through the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention process. Families are affected by a combination of factors underlying these disparities, resulting in delayed care and suboptimal developmental outcomes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Conclusions:

To address the socioeconomic, cultural, and linguistic inequities seen in the diagnosis and management of childhood hearing loss, pediatric audiologists and speech-language pathologists have a responsibility to provide culturally responsive practice to their individual clients and their families, as well as advocate for substantive changes at the policy level that impact their clients' daily lives.
Without detection: Two‐step clustering features with local–global attention for image captioning
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhang Wenkai , Sun Xian , Gao Xin
Published: January 2022

The current image captioning methods usually integrate an object detection network to obtain image features at the level of objects and other salient regions. However, the detection network needs to be independently pre‐trained on additional data. Thus, mainly due to the demand for extra training data and computing resources, the detection network's utilization will impose higher training costs on the overall captioning model. In this work, the authors propose a local–global attention model based on two‐step clustering features for image captioning. The two‐step clustering features can be obtained at a relatively low cost and have the presentation ability in objects or other salient image regions. To make the model perceive the image better, the authors introduce a novel local–global attention mechanism. The model will analyse the clustering features from local perspectives to global ones at each time step, making the model better understand the image contents. The authors evaluate the proposed method on the MSCOCO test server, achieving BLEU‐4/METEOR/ROUGE‐L scores of 36.8, 27.4, and 57.2, respectively. With the benefit of reducing training costs, the authors' model also achieves closing results compared with the models using detection features.
Main controlling factors and models of tight oil accumulation in Zhaoyuan area
Authors: Fu Yanhua
Published: January 2022

The study block opens up with the already found oil reservation, through the comprehensive analysis to seismic, well logging, well log and core data, collate and stipulate the system of fault, and then make sure the oil source fault; Meanwhile we make use of Geo-Office and Jason multiply technology, to launch micro faces and single sand body spread research. The result shows that, the study block mostly have 4 kinds of oil reservation: fault-lithologic, fault block, fault-screened and lithologic reservoir, the main target layer is Fuyu oil layer of Quantou Formation 3 and 4 part, the reservation and spread of oil is mainly controlled by the distance to the oil source, the space spread which is coordinated to form transportation system by fault concentrated belt and sand body, the high fault block trap. The oil reservation mainly exist in the internal part of fault concentrated belt and the sand body nearby, all in all the spread feature shows that the oil stays above and the water keeps low, and the formations which includes oil becomes less and less from the downstructure location to the updip; The major period for hydrocarbon accumulation is the late period of the Mingshui Formation deposition; Here are the modes of the oil transformation and reservation : the oil goes downward and flow backward and transforms into Fuyu formation, which origins from the source rocks of Qingl member in Sanzhao depression, under the abnormal pressure through the source fault, and then the oil in Fuyu formation of Sanzhao depression transforms to study block under the affect of floatage along the two fault concentrated belt which was linked up by the sand body, at the upstructure location lithology or fault aligns with lithology forms the trap which keeps together to oil reservation.
Population characteristics and influencing factors of terrestrial earthworms in Qinling Mountains
Authors: Wang Jian , Yang Chenxi , Li Jingsi
Published: January 2022

Earthworms can have an important effect on a variety of processes that determine soil fertility and play a very important role in natural ecosystems. The biomass and density of earthworms in 4 different land utilize types in the Qinling mountains were investigated using the wet funnel method. The relationship between the characteristics of earthworm populations characteristics and environmental factors were analysed, and the significant differences in soil earthworm density (P < 0.05) and fresh weight (P < 0.05) were discovered under different land utilize types, and all showed the highest value in orchard land, followed by woodland and grassland, in addition, the lowest was discovered in cultivated land. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis indicate that soil earthworm population characteristics was strongly negatively correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and strongly positively correlated with fine root biomass. The clarified relationship between earthworm population characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties will help qualitatively predict and evaluate the ecological functions of terrestrial earthworms in Qinling mountains.
3D cellulose fiber networks modified by PEDOT:PSS/graphene nanoplatelets for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Mardi Saeed , Cataldi Pietro , Athanassiou Athanassia , Reale Andrea
Published: January 2022

Organic materials have attracted considerable attention for thermoelectric (TE) applications. Given their potential as wearable power generators, there is an urgent need to develop organic TE materials that possess superior electronic properties as well as excellent mechanical and environmental stability. Here, we develop paper-based TE materials using the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and a starch-based biopolymer as a binder for GNPs. The device fabrication consists of spraying the biopolymer/GNP ink onto the cellulose paper followed by spraying the PEDOT:PSS solution. Further enhancement of TE properties was obtained by adding an ionic liquid (IL), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt to the PEDOT:PSS solution. Upon addition of the IL, the electrical conductivity of as-fabricated PEDOT:PSS films increased nearly two orders of magnitude. The electrical conductivity increases with GNPs' content due to formation of an effective electrical percolation network. Interestingly, incorporating GNPs simultaneously improves the Seebeck coefficient. Raman measurements suggest that the concurrent enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity might be related to the chemical bonding between the conducting polymer chains and the filler. In addition, these composites display remarkable flexibility at various bending angles and environmental stability without losing their original conductivity after three months of exposure to ambient conditions.
Prediction of ambient-pressure superconductivity in ternary hydride PdCuHx
Authors: Vocaturo R. , Tresca C. , Ghiringhelli G. , Profeta G.
Published: January 2022

We present an ab initio study of the ternary hydride PdCuHx, a parent compound of the superconducting PdH, at different hydrogen content (x=1,2). We investigate its structural, electronic, dynamical, and superconducting properties, demonstrating that, at low hydrogen content, the system is not a superconductor above 1 K; however, the highly hydrogenated structure is a strongly coupled superconductor. We give a solid rationale for the unusual increase of the superconducting critical temperature in hydrogenated palladium when alloyed with noble metals (Cu, Ag, and Au), as observed in Stritzker’s experiments in 1972 [B. Stritzker, Z. Phys. 268, 261–264 (1974)] but never investigated with modern experimental and theoretical techniques. We highlight the important role played by H-derived phonon modes at intermediate frequencies, dynamically stabilized by anharmonic effects, as they strongly couple with states at the Fermi level. We hope that the present results will stimulate additional experimental investigations of structural, electronic, and superconducting properties of hydrogenated palladium–noble metal alloys. Indeed, if confirmed, these compounds could be considered a novel class of superconducting hydrides, showing different coupling mechanisms, which can be exploited to engineer new ambient-pressure superconductors.
Ferroelectric domain modulated AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor
Authors: Tang Xiaowen , Lu Xiaoli , Cong ZheZhe , Shi Zekun , Wang Dangpo , Li Jianing , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: January 2022

A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in (Al, Ga) N/GaN heterojunction (AlGaN/GaN) is a key factor that affects the performance of GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices. Previous studies have shown that the ferroelectric polarization can effectively control the density of the 2DEG at the AlGaN/GaN interface; however, the correlation between two-dimensional distribution of ferroelectric polarization (i.e., ferroelectric domains) and its ability to confine the 2DEG is yet to be investigated. In this work, ferroelectric domain-induced modulation of the 2DEG in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure was characterized using microscopic as well as local transport measurement techniques. The results suggest direct evidence for effective ferroelectric domain engineering in GaN HEMTs, as predicted by theoretical calculations. Additionally, a prototype device was fabricated, where gating was realized by utilizing the polarization of the ferroelectric domain. Considering the nonvolatile and reconfigurable advantages of a ferroelectric domain, the E-mode, D-mode, and even multi-channel output characteristics were realized in the same device by artificially engineered ferroelectric domain structures. These results offer a promising solution for the contradiction between the 2DEG density and gate controllability in GaN HEMTs, thereby showing a great potential of GaN radio frequency devices with further scaled gate lengths down to a few nanometers in the future.
Resonance three-wave interactions and strange attractor
Authors: Krasheninnikov S. I. , Knyazev A. R.
Published: January 2022

It is shown that the incorporation of linear sink/source terms in the three-wave resonance interaction model results in the time dependence of the wave amplitudes, which could exhibit the properties of a strange attractor. This finding demonstrates that the transition to turbulent dynamics of the waves could be related not only to the coupling of wave triads but also to the establishing of the strange attractor-like dynamics within individual wave triads.
Effects of total ionizing dose on transient ionizing radiation upset sensitivity of 40–180 nm SRAMs
Authors: Li Junlin , Chen Wei , Li Ruibin , Wang Guizhen , Qi Chao , Liu Yan , Jin Xiaoming , Bai Xiaoyan , Wang Chenhui
Published: January 2022

Effects of total ionizing dose (TID) on the transient radiation upset sensitivity of commercial static random access memories (SRAMs) were investigated. Commercial SRAMs of three technology nodes were irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays for total dose effects and with pulsed x rays generated using a “Chen-Guang” accelerator for doserate effects. It is shown that TID irradiation and the memory pattern written to the memory array during TID irradiation can substantially affect the transient radiation upset sensitivity of all the SRAMs. First, the memory pattern written to the memory array during TID irradiation is more sensitive to pulsed x rays for all SRAMs. Second, the variation in transient radiation upset sensitivity with total dose has different tendencies for different SRAMs, but the static power current increased with the increase in total dose for all SRAMs. The increase in static power current with total dose and the increasing sensitivity of the memory pattern during TID irradiation are caused by the increasing TID induced leakage current, which results in an asymmetric noise margin of individual memory cells.
Occasional paternal inheritance of the germline-restricted chromosome in songbirds
Authors: Pei Yifan , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J. , Mueller Jakob C. , Cabrero Josefa , Camacho Juan Pedro M. , Alché Juan D. , Franke Andre , Hoeppner Marc , Börno Stefan , Gessara Ivana , Hertel Moritz , Teltscher Kim , Knief Ulrich , Suh Alexander , Kempenaers Bart
Published: January 2022

Significance

Most if not all songbirds possess a germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) which is believed to be exclusively maternally inherited. However, we show that, in the zebra finch, the GRC can also be paternally inherited and that the potential for paternal inheritance may differ between families. We further show that the genetic diversity of the GRC is extremely reduced compared to the high diversity of mitochondrial DNA lineages, suggesting that a single GRC haplotype has spread through the Australian zebra finch population relatively recently via occasional paternal inheritance. Our study therefore suggests that the GRC has the potential to evolve in a selfish manner, which could result in intragenomic conflict.
Pathogenic TNF-α drives peripheral nerve inflammation in an Aire-deficient model of autoimmunity
Authors: Wang Yan , Guo Lily , Yin Xihui , McCarthy Ethan C. , Cheng Mandy I. , Hoang Aline T. , Chen Ho-Chung , Patel Anushi Y. , Allard Trout Denise , Xu Erin , Yakobian Natalie , Hugo Willy , Howard James F. , Sheu Katherine M. , Hoffmann Alexander , Lechner Melissa G. , Su Maureen A.
Published: January 2022

Significance

GBS and CIDP are autoimmune disorders of the PNS that can be debilitating and even life threatening. Current therapies, which include corticosteroids and intravenous gammaglobulin, have poorly defined mechanisms of action and are ineffective in a fraction of patients. To identify more specific therapeutic targets, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze immune cells in nerves during autoimmune attack. This analysis revealed a previously unappreciated TNFα cell–cell communication pathway that recruits and activates multiple immune cell types. Moreover, we show that TNF-α signaling is an essential feature of PNS autoimmunity, since ablating TNF-α signaling protects against disease. These findings suggest that anti–TNF-α agents, which are already used to treat other inflammatory diseases, should be considered for inflammatory neuropathies.
Atomic-resolution chemical characterization of (2x)72-kDa tryptophan synthase via four- and five-dimensional
1
H-detected solid-state NMR
Authors: Klein Alexander , Rovó Petra , Sakhrani Varun V. , Wang Yangyang , Holmes Jacob B. , Liu Viktoriia , Skowronek Patricia , Kukuk Laura , Vasa Suresh K. , Güntert Peter , Mueller Leonard J. , Linser Rasmus
Published: January 2022

Significance

The atomic-level understanding of protein function and enzyme catalysis requires site-specific information on chemical properties such as protonation and hybridization states and chemical exchange equilibria. This information is encoded in NMR chemical shifts, which serve as important complementary information to structural data from other experimental techniques or structure prediction algorithms. This study demonstrates that comprehensive chemical-shift assignments are achievable for large and highly complex proteins, offering insights into chemical structure and dynamics. The access to the active-site chemistry in the 144-kDa (72-kDa asymmetric unit) enzyme tryptophan synthase demonstrated here extends the elucidation of chemical properties to a member of an important class of enzymes of interest in pharmacology and biotechnology.
Agendamelding
Authors: Minooie Milad
Published: January 2022

A survey of American adults was combined with a content analysis of traditional and social media sources to test the agendamelding theory. Correlation analyses indicated strong agenda-setting effects for both traditional and social media. A regression analysis indicated, among other things, that younger audiences and Democrats give more weight to social media than traditional media while Republicans generally allow their personal preferences to impact their agenda. The findings support the agendamelding theory.
A polarization-consistent R-matrix model: application to the photoionization of molecules
Authors: Meltzer T , Mašín Z
Published: January 2022

We introduce a new variational R-matrix model called polarization-consistent coupled Hartree–Fock (PC-CHF). The PC-CHF model describes polarization and multi-channel effects in polyatomic molecules, whilst using a simple Hartree–Fock-like description of the ionic states. Furthermore, the model is constructed in a self-consistent manner meaning that all of the target states implied by the polarization configurations are included. The PC-CHF model is applied to three molecular targets ranging from small to intermediate i.e., H2O, N2O and formic acid (HCOOH) and the results are compared against other established R-matrix models as well as data from the literature.
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion through a coplanar converter
Authors: Qu Bingyue , Shi Hongyu , Wang Jiafu , Yang Jie , Pang Yongqiang , Zhang Anxue , Xu Zhuo
Published: January 2022

Spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), associated with the circular polarization and helical phase front of an electromagnetic wave, respectively, have been gaining increasing interest in various fields. In this paper, a new method of SAM to OAM conversion in the microwave band is proposed. The designed coplanar structure converses the SAM to OAM, whose three electric components,

E
z

,

E
φ

, and

E
ρ

, carry same-order OAM. The paper explains the principle of SAM to OAM conversion and provides an experimental demonstration. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate that this conversion method from SAM to OAM is feasible. Our work could provide a promising platform to study photonic spin-orbital interaction and find applications in the near-field vortex generators.
Study elastic properties of the leucine and isoleuicine from first principles calculations
Authors: Fedorov Igor A
Published: January 2022

I studied the elastic properties of crystalline L- and DL-forms of leucine and isoleucine within the framework of density functional theory with van der Waals interactions. The energy gaps of the considered crystals are 7.48–7.60 eV. Chiral molecules have the same chemical composition. Therefore, the study of crystalline amino acids provides a better understanding of how the structure of molecules affects mechanical properties of molecular crystals. Complete set of elastic constants for L-leucine, L-isoleucine, DL-leucine and DL-isoleucine were calculated. Linear compressibility of crystals has high anisotropy. The crystalline L- and DL-forms of leucine and isoleucine have different mechanical properties. Linear compressibility has a negative value for DL-isoleucine. My calculations predict that L-leucine and L-isoleucine are ductile compounds, while DL-leucine and DL-isoleucine are brittle compounds.
Electrical characterization of tumor-derived exosomes by conductive atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ju Tuoyu , Gao Mingyan , Song Zhengxun , Xu Hongmei , Wang Zuobin , Wang Ying
Published: January 2022

The physical properties of tumor-derived exosomes have gained much attention because they are helpful to better understand the exosomes in biomedicine. In this study, the conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) was employed to perform the electrical characterizations of exosomes, and it obtained the topography and current images of samples simultaneously. The exosomes were absorbed onto the mica substrates coated with a gold film of 20 nm thick for obtaining the current images of samples by C-AFM in air. The results showed that the single exosomes had the weak conductivity. Furthermore, the currents on exosomes were measured at different bias voltages and pH conditions. It illustrated that the conductivity of exosomes was affected by external factors such as bias voltages and solutions with different pH values. In addition, the electrical responses of low and high metastatic potential cell-derived exosomes were also compared under different voltages and pH conditions. This work is important for better understanding the physical properties of tumor-derived exosomes and promoting the clinical applications of tumor-derived exosomes.
Novel nanomaterials based saturable absorbers for passive mode locked fiber laser at 1.5 μm
Authors: Zhu Rui , Qi Yaoyao , Meng Jianfei
Published: January 2022

Compared with continuous wave lasers, ultrafast lasers have the advantages of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, and have significant applications in optical communications, medical diagnostics, and precision machining. Saturable absorber (SA) technology is the most effective technique for the generation of ultra-fast lasers, which are based on artificial SAs and natural SAs. Among them, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror has become the most commonly used form at present. Recently, basic research and application of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been developed rapidly. Researchers have found that nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary characteristics in ultrafast photonics, such as the low saturation intensity of CNTs, zero-band gap of graphene, and extremely high modulation depth of the topological insulator nano-films. Since graphene was first reported as an SA in 2009, many other nanomaterials have been successively explored, resulting in the rapid development of novel nanomaterial-based SAs. In this paper, we classified the nanomaterials used in SA mode-locking technology at 1.5 μm and reviewed their research progress with a particular focus on nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
Human in vivo liver and tumor bioimpedance measured with biopsy needle
Authors: Halonen Sanna , Ovissi Ali , Boyd Sonja , Kari Juho , Kronström Kai , Kosunen Juhani , Laurén Hanna , Numminen Kirsti , Sievänen Harri , Hyttinen Jari
Published: January 2022

Objective. Liver biopsy is an essential procedure in cancer diagnostics but targeting the biopsy to the actual tumor tissue is challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a novel bioimpedance biopsy needle system in liver biopsy and simultaneously to gather in vivo bioimpedance data from human liver and tumor tissues. Approach. We measured human liver and tumor impedance data in vivo from 26 patients who underwent diagnostic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Our novel 18 G core biopsy needle tip forms a bipolar electrode that was used to measure bioimpedance during the biopsy in real-time with frequencies from 1 kHz to 349 kHz. The needle tip location was determined by ultrasound. Also, the sampled tissue type was determined histologically. Main results. The bioimpedance values showed substantial variation between individual cases, and liver and tumor data overlapped each other. However, Mann–Whitney U test showed that the median bioimpedance values of liver and tumor tissue are significantly (p < 0.05) different concerning the impedance magnitude at frequencies below 25 kHz and the phase angle at frequencies below 3 kHz and above 30 kHz. Significance. This study uniquely employed a real-time bioimpedance biopsy needle in clinical liver biopsies and reported the measured human in vivo liver and tumor impedance data. Impedance is always device-dependent and therefore not directly comparable to measurements with other devices. Although the variation in tumor types prevented coherent tumor identification, our study provides preliminary evidence that tumor tissue differs from liver tissue in vivo, and this association is frequency-dependent.
Understanding JET-C quiescent phases with edge harmonic magnetohydrodynamic activity and comparison with behaviour under ITER-like wall conditioning
Authors: Brunetti D , Ham C J , Graves J P , Lazzaro E , Nowak S , Mariani A , Wahlberg C , Cooper W A , Solano E R , Saarelma S , Frassinetti L , Fontana M , Kleiner A , Bustos Ramirez G , Viezzer E
Published: January 2022

An analysis of edge localised mode-free (quiescent) H-mode discharges exhibiting edge harmonic magnetoydrodynamic activity in the JET-carbon wall machine is presented. It is observed that the otherwise quiescent pulses with multiple-n harmonic oscillations are sustained until a threshold in pedestal electron density and collisionality is crossed. The macroscopic pedestal parameters associated with the quiescent phase are compared with those of a database of JET-ELMy discharges with both carbon and ITER-like wall (ILW). This comparison provides the identification of the existence regions in the relevant pedestal and global plasma parameters for edge harmonic oscillations (EHOs) in JET plasmas. Although the ELMy database scans pedestal collisionality and β values typical of ET-carbon quiescent operation, shaping and current are not simultaneously compatible with EHO existence. Nevertheless, ILW operation with JET-carbon quiescent-like parameters could in principle be achieved, and improved pedestal performance could be observed in more recent JET-ILW pulses.
Development of robust indicators for the identification of electron temperature profile anomalies and application to JET
Authors: Rossi Riccardo , Gelfusa Michela , Flanagan Joanne , Murari Andrea
Published: January 2022

Recent experience with metallic devices operating in ITER relevant regions of the operational space, has shown that the disruptivity of these plasmas is unacceptably high. The main causes of the disruptions are linked to impurity accumulation in the core and edge cooling, resulting in unstable current profiles. Avoidance and prevention of the consequent instabilities require the early detection of anomalous electron temperature profiles. A series of indicators have been developed and their performances compared, to find the most suitable inputs for disruption predictors. Their properties are assessed on the basis of information content, reliability and real-time availability. The best performing ones provide much better results than the ones reported in the literature, as shown by both numerical tests with synthetic data and the analysis of experimental signals from JET with the ITER-like wall. They provide better accuracy, lower false alarms and earlier detection. The improved discriminatory capability of the developed indicators is expected to significantly improve the performance of the most advanced predictors recently reported in the literature.
In-flight polarization angle calibration for LiteBIRD: blind challenge and cosmological implications
Authors: Krachmalnicoff N. , Matsumura T. , de la Hoz E. , Basak S. , Gruppuso A. , Minami Y. , Baccigalupi C. , Komatsu E. , Martínez-González E. , Vielva P. , Aumont J. , Aurlien R. , Azzoni S. , Banday A.J. , Barreiro R.B. , Bartolo N. , Bersanelli M. , Calabrese E. , Carones A. , Casas F.J. , Cheung K. , Chinone Y. , Columbro F. , de Bernardis P. , Diego-Palazuelos P. , Errard J. , Finelli F. , Fuskeland U. , Galloway M. , Genova-Santos R.T. , Gerbino M. , Ghigna T. , Giardiello S. , Gjerløw E. , Hazumi M. , Henrot-Versillé S. , Kisner T. , Lamagna L. , Lattanzi M. , Levrier F. , Luzzi G. , Maino D. , Masi S. , Migliaccio M. , Montier L. , Morgante G. , Mot B. , Nagata R. , Nati F. , Natoli P. , Pagano L. , Paiella A. , Paoletti D. , Patanchon G. , Piacentini F. , Polenta G. , Poletti D. , Puglisi G. , Remazeilles M. , Rubino-Martin J. , Sasaki M. , Shiraishi M. , Signorelli G. , Stever S. , Tartari A. , Tristram M. , Tsuji M. , Vacher L. , Wehus I.K. , Zannoni M.
Published: January 2022

We present a demonstration of the in-flight polarization angle calibration for the JAXA/ISAS second strategic large class mission, LiteBIRD, and estimate its impact on the measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter, r, using simulated data.
We generate a set of simulated sky maps with CMB and polarized foreground emission, and inject instrumental noise and polarization angle offsets to the 22 (partially overlapping) LiteBIRD frequency channels. Our in-flight angle calibration relies on nulling the EB cross correlation of the polarized signal in each channel. This calibration step has been carried out by two independent groups with a blind analysis, allowing an accuracy of the order of a few arc-minutes to be reached on the estimate of the angle offsets. Both the corrected and uncorrected multi-frequency maps are propagated through the foreground cleaning step, with the goal of computing clean CMB maps. We employ two component separation algorithms, the Bayesian-Separation of Components and Residuals Estimate Tool (B-SeCRET), and the Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC). We find that the recovered CMB maps obtained with algorithms that do not make any assumptions about the foreground properties, such as NILC, are only mildly affected by the angle miscalibration. However, polarization angle offsets strongly bias results obtained with the parametric fitting method. Once the miscalibration angles are corrected by EB nulling prior to the component separation, both component separation algorithms result in an unbiased estimation of the r parameter. While this work is motivated by the conceptual design study for LiteBIRD, its framework can be broadly applied to any CMB polarization experiment. In particular, the combination of simulation plus blind analysis provides a robust forecast by taking into account not only detector sensitivity but also systematic effects.
Development of labor potential of the Penza region agricultural sector
Authors: Lavrina O V , Shirokova E V , Shpagina I E , Koshelyaev R V
Published: January 2022

An important condition for the country’s food independence is the effective use of the labor potential of the agricultural sector. Currently, it is becoming one of the decisive factors in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex. The article deals with demographic, economic and social factors that determine the development of the labor potential of agricultural organizations. An assessment of the demographic and employment situation in the agrarian sector of the Penza region is given. The age of the population has been determined and the level of responsibilities on the working-age population of rural areas has been estimated. The analysis of labor productivity in agricultural organizations of the region, its increase is a necessary condition for sustainable economic development of agriculture in the region. The authors also touch upon the following questions as motivation of employees in increasing labor productivity, including the level of wages, are considered. Solving the problems of stabilization and achieving high rate indicators in the agro-industrial complex of the region requires an increase in the efficiency of using labor potential with an integrated mechanism.