bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity in Business: A Case Study of DiDi
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Zixuan , Yang Jie
Published: October 2023

Big data has substantially improved the efficiency of information collection and processing (Fadhil et al., 2021). (Fadhil, S. A., Kadhim, L. E. and Abdurazaq, S. G. (2021) ‘Protection measurements of computer network information security for big data’, Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, Vol. 24, No. 7, pages 1959–1965, doi: 10. 1080/09720529.2021.1959996). Nevertheless, the transparentizing and openization of information could also increase the risk of disclosure of personal information and business secrets, leading to various illegal and criminal activities (Lim et al., 2018). (Lim, S., Woo, J., Lee, J. and Huh, S. -Y. (2018) ‘Consumer valuation of personal information in the age of big data’, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 69, No. 1, pages 60–71, doi: 10.1002/asi.23915). This paper adopts qualitative analysis and single-case study to investigate the approaches and outcomes of network information collection. It is found that many e-commerce platforms utilize big data technologies to collect, screen and process customer information. Yet, the collected customer information might be maliciously used by others to infringe on personal privacy, result in property damage and loss, trigger unhealthy market competition, and hinder economic development (Taylor, 2017). ((Taylor, I. (2017) ‘Data collection, counterterrorism and the right to privacy’, Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pages 326–346, doi: 10.1177/ 1470594X17715249). Thus, this paper recommends that the application of big data should have a legal boundary. It needs to be strictly defined and regulated to facilitate its positive role in protecting cybersecurity and promoting fair market competition.

Big data, business secret, cybersecurity, data right, e-commerce platform, information processing, legal boundary, market competition, network platform, personal privacy
Central banks and inequality
Authors: Dietz Sara
Published: October 2023

Monetary policy measures in reaction to the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in unprecedented (re)distributional effects. In addition, Central Bank (CB) interventions have been conceptualized as targeted measures favouring certain market participants compared to others. Against this background, discussions about CBs and inequality have sparked in the economic and legal literature. The article takes up this discourse and sheds light on the different aspects of equality within monetary policy: equality as an objective of monetary policy, equality and inequality considerations with regard to the design of monetary policy measures, and equality and inequality as side effects of monetary policy and the interaction between inequality and the monetary policy transmission. The aim is to provide a structural analysis of how the notion of equality is embedded in the mandate of the ECB and how it translates into legal requirements with regard to the implementation of monetary policy measures.

Central Banks, inequality, ECB, monetary policy, global financial crisis, COVID-19
Legal Foundations for Resolving Land Disputes Through Mediation as An Alternative Dispute Resolution Method
Authors: Derevyanko Bogdan , Lohvynenko Mykola , Nezhevelo Valentyna , Nikolenko Liudmyla , Zahrisheva Nadiia
Published: October 2023

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that land disputes are a widespread phenomenon that can arise in any country or region. The article examines the legal foundations of resolving land disputes using mediation as a non-judicial mechanism for preventing and resolving conflicts through negotiations. It discusses the essence of mediation and its use in land disputes, particularly as an effective tool for achieving mutually beneficial agreements between parties.

The article considers the procedure and stages of mediation in land disputes, including preparation for the mediation process, the actual mediation process, and the formation of a mediation agreement. The aim is to investigate the nature of mediation as a conflict resolution mechanism and promote the use of mediation in resolving land disputes while emphasizing the necessity for further development of legal mechanisms that support and popularize mediation as an extrajudicial means of conflict resolution within the realm of land relations. Furthermore, the article explores international experiences of mediation in land disputes, highlighting successful examples from countries like the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and France. Conclusions can contribute to improving international relations and the development of sustainable land management.

mediation, alternative dispute resolution, land disputes, directive, international experience of countries and organizations
The Legal Transition Towards a More Circular Plastic Packaging ChainA Case Study of the Netherlands
Authors: De Waal I.M.
Published: October 2023

The production and generation of plastic packaging waste in the EU continues to increase, which is accompanied by several negative externalities. At the same time, reuse remains limited and recycling rates of plastic packaging are stagnating, resulting in a significant loss of materials and value to the economy. The transition towards a more circular plastic packaging chain is proposed as a solution: both plastics and packaging are highlighted as key product groups in the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plans. However, by looking specifically at the legal framework governing the life cycle of plastic packaging – EU chemicals, product and waste legislation – this research has identified barriers to the transition towards a more circular plastic packaging chain, as well as untapped solutions and incentives to stimulate this transition. It is argued that changes to the legal framework governing the life cycle of plastic packaging are therefore necessary to enable and stimulate the transition towards a more circular plastic packaging chain. Besides improving both the alignment with and the actual contribution of the provisions and instruments of the legislation to the achievement of Circular Economy (CE) objectives, the inherent interlinkages between the different life cycle stages and the legislation governing them need to be better taken into account to not only create a legal framework that is fit for purpose, but also to avoid negative effects and unlock synergies in pursuance of CE objectives.

Circular Economy (CE), plastic packaging, EU chemicals legislation, EU product legislation, EU waste legislation
Combating Climate Change Through the International Law Perspective: The Role of the EU in Environmental Diplomacy
Authors: Volchenko Nataliia , Zhmakin Serhii , Udovenko Roman , Soldatkin Serhii , Soldatkin Igor
Published: October 2023

The impacts of climate change extend to all countries and continents and have a cross-cutting effect on social, economic and ecological systems. Therefore, it is necessary to work together at the international level to effectively manage this problem. One effective method is to adopt a proper international legal framework. International legal regulation allows for the creation of common standards and rules that are followed by participating countries. The European Union is one of the most important actors in international cooperation on the environment and climate change. It has committed itself to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and is taking a wide range of measures, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, supporting renewable energy, and promoting green development. Moreover, the EU provides various instruments and financial support to implement climate change measures. In view of this, it is important to study climate change at the international level, including the role of the EU in this regard. The purpose of the article is to examine the important role of the European Union in environmental diplomacy and combating climate change through international law. The article examines how the EU is an active participant in shaping the international legal regime on climate change. In particular, it participates in negotiations, concludes international agreements, and actively implements and enforces the obligations agreed upon under such agreements, such as the Paris Agreement

climate change, international law, European Union, international agreements, climate neutrality, international cooperation
The EU as a Crisis Manager: Ensuring Accountability Under IHL
Authors: Bosman Aron
Published: October 2023

In 2022, the EU published its Strategic Compass, setting the course for the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) in the coming years. The most eye-catching proposal in the Compass is the creation of an EU Rapid Deployment Capacity (EU RDC). The creation of such a multinational force as part of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) toolbox, which may well engage in armed conflicts, is problematic for the attribution of possible violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This paper describes how the EU may be held accountable for the acts committed by the troops it deploys. Then it will discuss how the differences in the organization of EU operations may affect the opportunities for attribution. Finally, the paper recommends the EU’s CSDP operations to have a command and control structure that is fully integrated as this ensures the highest level of certainty when it comes to the attribution of wrongful acts.

European Union, EU Rapid Deployment Capacity, International Humanitarian Law, EU Strategic Compass, multinational operations, accountability, CFSP, peacekeeping, crisis management
Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Blockchain
Authors: Seretakis Alexandros , Mezzanotte Félix E.
Published: October 2023

The recently enacted Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive is a cornerstone of the European Union’s policy to achieve a sustainable economy, environment, and society. Under this Directive, companies are required to disclose a substantial amount of information on the impact of climate change and global warming, including sustainability matters relating to the company’s activity and information on the impact of the company activity on the environment and people. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of these sustainability-related disclosure obligations will encounter significant obstacles, most notably the wide scope of reporting. In particular, the reporting company bears the burden of disclosing material information on impacts, risks and opportunities connected to not only its own operations but also the operations of its direct and indirect business relationships in the upstream and downstream value chain. Such disclosure is expected to involve information produced by different, often distant sources, making information gathering efforts very difficult and endangering the quality of the information disclosed. In this reporting process, the company is even expected to engage with its stakeholders across its value chain. This article offers insights into these challenges and sheds light on the role that Blockchain technology may play in improving data quality and management in businesses that operate global, multilayer supply chains.

corporate sustainability reporting, materiality, information disclosure, supply chain management, Blockchain
Robotics Process Automation (RPA) And The Import/Export Customs Declaration Process
Authors: Lee Jincheol
Published: October 2023

RPA (Robotics Process Automation) technology, which automatically handles repetitive tasks without human intervention, is attracting attention in many fields. Many companies have introduced RPA systems into their daily operations, which has had a significant positive impact on costs, process accuracy, reliability, and error minimization. RPA systems are more effective for companies with many standardized and repetitive business processes. The process of international import and export must go through customs procedures according to the customs laws of each country, and in this process, a lot of paperwork and computer input are required. Since import and export customs procedures are standardized and repetitive, positive effects such as maximization of work efficiency and improvement in import and export processing speed are expected when RPA is introduced into import and export customs clearance. In this study, interviews were conducted with trading companies and Korean customs brokers who have introduced or are planning to introduce the RPA system in order to analyse the effects that can be obtained by introducing the RPA system in import and export customs procedures. As a result of the study, implications such as the disadvantages of optical character recognition (OCR) and high initial development and operating costs were suggested.

import, export, customs clearance, robotics process automation, customs attorney, optical character recognition, RPA
The Foreign Subsidies Regulation of the European Union: A New Instrument Levelling the Playing Field?
Authors: Stas Karl , Geisel Benjamin
Published: October 2023

The European Union (‘EU’) has adopted a Foreign Subsidies Regulation (‘FSR’) to address potential distortions of competition in EU markets caused by subsidies granted to companies by non-EU governments. The FSR aims to level the playing field for all companies active within the EU and to close a regulatory gap left by existing frameworks (such as the EU’s State aid and merger control regimes or trade defense instruments). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the FSR and the accompanying Implementing Regulation and reflects upon their practical implications for companies engaging in economic activity in EU markets. Has a simple idea (i.e., extending the controls already applicable to government support by EU Member States also to support by non-EU governments) morphed into a bureaucratic monster burdening companies with needless red tape? Will the FSR achieve its goals effectively or will it put too much strain on the European Commission’s resources? Is the FSR about fair competition or is it simply protectionist?

European Union, subsidies, mergers, acquisitions, M&A, public procurement, government contracts, State aid, competition, trade defense, Foreign Subsidies Regulation, FSR
Expanding Trade Remedy Scope: Cross-Border and Public Policy Subsidies
Authors: Cannistra Dan
Published: October 2023

On May 9, 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce proposed amendments to the U.S. antidumping and countervailing/anti-subsidy (ADCV) duty regulations fundamentally altering the scope of economic activities captured within the scope of trade remedy laws. The proposed regulations expand ADCD actions to include a wide range of labor, human rights, environmental and intellectual property standards. Commerce’s new regulations make the failure to rigorously enforce national public policy standards directly and indirectly remediable by trade remedy laws by treating unenforced regulations as a subsidy. Antidumping regulations are similarly modified to increase production costs where public policy regulations are deemed weak or ineffective, thereby increasing antidumping duties. Commerce also proposes to eliminate the longtime transnational subsidies regulation which held that a subsidy did not exist if the program or project was funded by a government outside of the country where the recipient was located. A transnational subsidy is financial assistance or support provided by one country to producer in another country. This modification would make transnational subsidies an actionable subsidy under the trade remedy laws.

antidumping, countervailing, anti-subsidy, trade remedy laws, labor, human rights, environmental, intellectual property standards, public policy standards, subsidy, production costs, transnational subsidies, financial assistance
A New Era of Maritime Arbitration: Ex Machina Determinations
Authors: Chan Kevin
Published: October 2023

The development and release of Large Language Models (LLM) (most famously, Chat(GPT) in the past year have sparked new conversations about the limits of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This article explores the exciting possibilities of using AI as arbitrators in maritime disputes, including an examination of the benefits, challenges, and areas for further development to facilitate its use.

maritime, shipping, arbitration, artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, tech, ex aequo et bono, access to justice, expedite, replacement of arbitrator
Political Risk and Its Key Role in Mining Disputes Around the World
Authors: Burnett Harry , Brabant Peter
Published: October 2023

Political risk has a key role to play in mining disputes – whether it be the catalyst, or trigger, for the dispute, or a risk materializing at some later point in time that may, for example, impact a party’s attempt to resolve the dispute. This article analyses political risk through the following lens: while some jurisdictions may inherently be riskier than others, recent disputes demonstrate that political risk can, and indeed will inevitably continue to, rear its head in the mining landscape across the world. This is evident from three current and prominent mining disputes in Panama, Australia and Ecuador which are discussed in this article, including the role played by political risk in each. Each of these disputes demonstrates the need for, and nuances associated with, understanding, responding to and successfully resolving such disputes – with as little disruption as possible to the underlying project or asset.

Mining, Mining disputes, Political risk, Resource nationalism, International arbitration, Panama, Australia, Ecuador
Arbitrating Investment Disputes in Time of Geopolitical Unrest: Focus on Investment Protection in Russia
Authors: Mokaled Larina
Published: October 2023

Russia’s illegal full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the resulting war have had profound humanitarian and economic consequences affecting the lives of people in Ukraine and the region’s economic stability. The international community imposed unprecedented economic sanctions on Russian entities and individuals to condemn Russia’s actions in Ukraine. As expected, Russia retaliated and issued a series of counter-measures targeting foreign investors within Russia and occupied territories in Ukraine. Such measures will give, and have already given rise to claims by foreign investors in Russia for breaches of international investment law. This article analyses the restrictive measures targeting foreign investment imposed by Russia in response to international sanctions. It further discusses their legal implications for foreign investors. An overview of investment protections afforded under international investment treaties and international conventions as potential sources of redress for foreign investors follows in section 3. The final section highlights the challenges of pursuing investment treaty claims against Russia in the current geopolitical context (section 4).

investment treaty arbitration, sanctions, counter-sanctions, investment protection in Russia, Ukraine, foreign investors, expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, narrowly worded arbitration clause, nationalization
ZF Auto. v. Luxshare: Supreme Court’s Withdrawal of Judicial Assistance for Discovery from Private Arbitration
Authors: Chung Janghwan
Published: October 2023

Is the judicial assistance intended for the benefit of ‘foreign or international tribunals’ under 28 USC § 1782 available for private arbitral tribunals? The Supreme Court of the United States says it is not because that assistance is intended only for tribunals vested with governmental authority and private arbitral tribunals lack such authority. This strained reading of section 1782 appears to have been reached to achieve policy objectives, not through rigorous analysis of the statutory provision itself. Although the end the Court sought to achieve is not without merit, the means chosen by the Court to achieve the same will give rise to, among others, the unintended consequence of curtailing international commercial arbitration in contravention of the federal policy favouring arbitration. This is so because the Court ignored the root cause of the problem it sought to solve, namely that section 1782 is available to ‘any interested person’ who is not required to be before any tribunal at all. Instead of trying to solve one problem with the wrong solution, the Court should have closed or Congress should close the loophole in section 1782 so that it may properly function and provide the judicial assistance as originally intended by Congress.

Arbitration, arbitral tribunal, discovery, 28 USC § 1782, Hague Evidence Convention, Intel v. AMD, Intel factors
The Validity of Arbitration Agreements Providing for Arbitration in Mainland China Administered by Overseas Arbitration Institutions
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Li Jiani
Published: October 2023

With China increasingly opening up in relation to trade, the number of overseas arbitration institutions practicing in China’s free trade zones is expected to rise. At the same time, however, the validity of arbitration agreements remains uncertain under Chinese arbitration law, with arbitration clauses which tend to permit administration only by domestic arbitration commissions. Chinese arbitration legislation and recent cases demonstrate that this issue can be attributed to difficulties identifying a designated arbitration commission or tribunal, as well as unclear standards to determine the nationality of the arbitration award. Considering relevant decisions of Chinese courts over the past twenty years, this article concludes that the attitude of the Chinese judiciary towards arbitration by overseas arbitration institutions in China has shifted from conservative to more open. However, a number of issues, including confusion around the arbitration jurisdiction (caused by absence of a requirement to specify the arbitration institution) make this area a difficult one for practitioners.

overseas arbitration institutions, the validity of arbitration agreement, free trade zone, the seat of arbitration, the New York Convention
A Review of India Approaches to Cooperative Compliance in Light of the International Tax Practice and the OECD Framework
Authors: Martini Mário H. , Tandon Suranjali
Published: October 2023

The OECD provides a framework for co-operative compliance. To the OECD-Forum on Tax Administration questionnaires covering the years 2018 and 2019, India responded that its international tax practice is in line with the OECD’s framework. This paper reviews select features of the Indian tax system that are in line with the response. The paper looks at contemporary tax compliance measures such as faceless assessments and dispute resolution that promote cooperative compliance. While it is seen that there have been recent policy innovations to promote cooperative compliance in India, the responses are not based on any structured cooperative compliance approach as that described by the OECD. It is observed that there are in fact some missing elements as many of the initiatives such as the large taxpayers’ unit that ticked many boxes but are no longer in operation. Finally, the paper identifies that single point of contact in the administration, opportunity to clear the past before joining a cooperative compliance framework and internal control framework are initiatives that can boost cooperative compliance in India.

Cooperative Compliance, OECD, corporate governance, internal controls, tax control framework, tax certainty, tax assurance, India, tax reform, dispute resolution
UN MTC Article 14: The Mistaken Retention
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Ashfaq
Published: October 2023

The OECD deleted Article 14 from its Model Tax Convention (MTC) in 2000, however, the UN decided to retain it in 2009. The OECD has since been chastized for eliminating it and the UN eulogized for retaining it. This article, contrary to the prevailing perspective, supports the ‘delete decision’, though for reasons diametrically different from those on which Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) based its decision in 2000. It berates the UN for the ‘retain decision’ by debunking the grounds thereof and by mounting new arguments. In fact, it turns the mainstream scholarships’ professed position upside down that Article 14s continued presence on UN MTC accrued developing countries substantial economic benefits and broadened their tax base. It is argued that the deletion of UN MTC Article 14(1)(c) in 1999 through an angularly established setup – the Focus Group – was dramatic, mysterious, and undefendable warranting fresh and deeper scrutiny. This article postulates that without a robust built-in anti-base erosion principle, which was deleted in 1999, Article 14s presence in the UN MTC is counterproductive, base eroding, and inimical to fiscal interests of developing countries. Therefore, it strongly proposes to either restore the deleted Subparagraph 1(c) or also delete the retained rump Article 14 itself – sooner than later.

UN MTC article 14, independent personal services, OECD MTC article 14, professional services, dependent personal services
Targeted Measures Against Intra-Group Debt Financing: What Needs and Design Options in Light of the ATAD, Transfer Pricing Rules, and Pillar 2?
Authors: Monsenego Jérôme
Published: October 2023

This article explores the need for interest limitation rules targeting intra-group debt financing, together with certain design options. It is concluded that most issues related to intra-group debt financing are already covered by the anti-tax avoidance directive (ATAD), transfer pricing rules and the Pillar 2 reform. Only the debt/equity balance is not addressed by these rules. Therefore, thin capitalization rules appear to be the most motivated type of targeted rule, if such rules are to be adopted. Other types of targeted rules, such as those taking into account the level of taxation of the recipient or the intention to avoid tax are hardly justified in cases covered by the Pillar 2 reform. In addition, thin capitalization rules can be designed in a manner that does not distinguish between domestic and cross-border situations, hence raising fewer issues of compatibility with the EU fundamental freedoms than other types of targeted rules that rely on the difference in taxation between domestic and cross-border loan transactions.

Interest limitation, thin capitalization, ATAD, transfer pricing, GloBE, Pillar 2, BEPS, EU law
Case Law Trends: Adjustment of Deductions in case of the Abandonment of an Investment Project: Some Remarks in Light of the Judgments of the CJEU in ITH Comercial Timisoara (C-734/19), Skellefteå Industrihus (Case C-248/20) and Vittamed Technologijos (C-293/21)
Authors: Senyk Mariya
Published: October 2023

Articles 184 and 185 of the VAT Directive provide for the general obligation to adjust an initial deduction if it is higher or lower than that to which the taxable person was entitled. Does the abandonment of an investment project always imply the obligation to adjust deductions in respect of the acquired goods and/or services that cannot be used in the taxed activity of the taxable person? What if the termination of an investment project is followed by the liquidation of the taxable person? These questions are addressed by the CJEU in the judgments presented in this case note.

The right to deduct, adjustment of deductions, unimplemented investment projects, cessation of economic activity.
Differentiated Differentiation in the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement
Authors: Khorana Sangeeta , Ukpe Aniekan
Published: October 2023

Using the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement (CVA), the paper demonstrates the operationalization of differentiated differentiation – an implicit threshold approach to differentiation in the WTO and one that is amenable to the principle of graduation. We use this approach to objectively identify which countries (from a pool of fifty developed, developing, and least developed WTO member countries) are entitled to derogate from specific CVA obligations based on special and differential treatment (SDT). Offering an alternative to the current SDT practice, differentiated differentiation requires that countries must justify, based on objective criteria, the need for a waiver from rule obligation for a limited period rather than qualifying for such a waiver by mere categorization as a developing country. The paper further defines a threshold at which SDT beneficiaries may be graduated out of SDT using a statistically-based scoring procedure.

WTO, developing countries, special and differential treatment, differentiation, country categorization, graduation, composite indicators, capacity constraints, trade agreements, international trade law, social science
The WTO and Using Digital Economy Technologies: Surviving the Race With Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Nsour Mohammad Abualethem
Published: October 2023

This article examines the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies to help resolve trade disputes, facilitate multilateral trade and increase efficiency within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It looks at how AI and blockchain can be used to automate more complex trade processes, such as anti-dumping measures. The article also outlines the challenges associated with implementing such technologies, such as the need for developing countries to invest in infrastructure, the need to ensure correct data is available, and the potential for future regulatory challenges. Finally, it identifies the key measures that must be taken before AI and blockchain can become part of the WTO dispute settlement and trade facilitation system.

WTO, Digital Economy, Artificial Intelligence, Trade Facilitation, Dumping, Dispute Settlement
Improving Export Credit Agency Impact Through Full Faith and Credit
Authors: Klasen Andreas , Janus Hans
Published: October 2023

International trade requires sufficient, reliable, and affordable sources of financing. Export credit agencies (ECAs) fill trade finance gaps by offering financing, insurance and guarantees to provide liquidity or mitigate risks. They help to create or secure jobs in the domestic economy. However, comprehensive government support is required to create significant impact. This includes ‘full faith and credit’ of the state. In the context of public foreign trade promotion, full faith and credit is defined as an explicit, direct or indirect, irrevocable, legal commitment to accept all liabilities of an ECA as unconditional obligations of the respective government. Our policy recommendations for countries with relatively young ECAs, for example in Ukraine, Armenia, and Malawi, are to establish a full guarantee in addition to an efficient legal set-up, sufficient capital, and sound risk management of the respective agency. Without full faith and credit, policy goals of fostering economic growth through foreign trade fall short.

trade promotion, trade finance, export credit, export credit agency, export-import bank, full faith and credit, government guarantee
KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI RSU UKI TAHUN 2021
Authors: Anita Sriwaty Pardede  , Karo Marni Br Karo , Titus Tambaib
Published: October 2023

Corona Virus -19 (Covid -19) merupakan virus yang berbahaya, tingginya tingkat kematian di Indonesia termasuk pada tenaga medis maupun tenaga kesehatan yang ada di Rumah Sakit. Kematian sebenarnya dapat dicegah jika penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) yang benar terutama masker bedah dan sarung tangan untuk menutup celah distribusi penularan Covid -19. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Penggunaan APD Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di RSU UKI Tahun 2021. Penelitian menggunakan cross sectional design, dengan sampel 107 Perawat yang dianalisis menggunakan Chi Square. Hasilnya adalah Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD adalah umur, pendidikan, masa kerja pengetahuan, motivasi, sikap, kepribadian dan pelatihan Perawat.
POLA MAKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA AWAL DI KECAMATAN DAMPAL SELATAN
Authors: Nur'afni  , Masfufah  , Adillah Imansari
Published: October 2023

Penyakit hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena setiap tahunnya jumlah penderita hipertensi terus meningkat bahkan dapat mengakibatkan kematian.Metode penelitian menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasi dan studi kuantitif. Analasis data menggunakan uji chi square.Populasi penelitian lansia awal berjumlah 107 orang dan sampel berjumlah 93 orang. Pengumpulan data pola makan menggunakan SQ-FFQ.Hasil penelitiantotal konsumsi natrium per hari kategori sering (>3x/hari) sebanyak 2.731,53 mg.  Asupan lemak jenuh mengalami kurang (80%) sebanyak 80 responden (86%) dan asupan serat mengalami kurang (80%) sebanyak 86 responden (92,5%). Hasil uji chi squarepola makan natrium (p-value 0,018 <0,05), pola makan lemak jenuh (p-value 0,338 >0,05) dan pola makan serat (p-value 0,576 >0,05) dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia awal di Kecamatan Dampal Selatan.Ada hubungan pola makan natrium dengan kejadian hipertensi. Tidak ada hubungan pola makan lemak jenuh dan serat dengan kejadian hipertensi.
Nanoparticles as a Dosage Form in Practice
Authors: Navrátilová Radinová Eva , Mašková Eliška , Kubová Kateřina , Vysloužil Jakub
Published: October 2023

Nanoparticles belong to a modern and developing group of drug delivery systems with great potential for further future use. To pharmacotherapy, it brings a number of advantages. The combination of their size, specific properties of used excipients and a suitable drug can result in a more targeted therapy for some serious diagnoses. However, potential adverse effects are also associated with the subcellular size of the pharmaceutical form, and although research is being conducted with countless excipients and types of nanoparticles, only a small proportion of them have made it into clinical practice. This brief overview discusses these classes, it presents the basic characteristics, classification, and possible clinical use. The article also includes an up-to-date overview of representatives of individual nanoparticle drug delivery classes currently registered in the Czech Republic.
Epitachophoresis – A Method for the Extraction of Biomacromolecules from Complex Biological Matrices
Authors: Hrušková Helena , Voráčková Ivona , Laštovičková Markéta , Killinger Michael , Foret František
Published: October 2023

Epitachophoresis is a new separation preparative technique based on discontinuous electrolyte systems enabling the preconcentration of biomacromolecules from complex biological matrices. Moreover, it enables the transfer of these compounds from biological liquids, such as urine or growth medium, to a simpler solution, suitable for subsequent analyses. In our recently published papers, we focused on the use of epitachophoresis to pretreat the samples containing proteins and DNA. The technique enabled more than seventyfold preconcentration with recoveries reaching more than 90%. The preparative nature of epitachophoresis enables one to subsequently analyse the isolated biomacromolecules by various techniques including mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, ELISA analysis, or new-generation sequencing.
Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.
Irradiation of meat with synthetic and natural antioxidant: A review on quality aspect of meat
Authors: Sadakuzzaman M , Rahman MM , Hashem MA
Published: October 2023

Different types of research works have been carried out on irradiation to find out the shelf life, nutritive value, safety aspect of biochemical and microbial assessment. The available literatures regarding effect of irradiation with synthetic antioxidant betahydroxy anisole (BHA) and natural antioxidant black cumin seed extract marinated with beef and other meat are reviewed in this review.
Effect of Vacuum and Aerial Packaging on the Quality and Shelf Life of Broiler Meat Treated with Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Hashem MA , Yasmin M , Ali MS , Al Sabid A , Al Noman MA
Published: October 2023

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) treatment during the vacuum and aerial packaging affected the sensory, physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics of chicken breast meat. Meat samples were separated into four treatment groups: T1 (aerial packaging of EVOO- treated meat), T2 (aerial packaging of raw meat), T3 (vacuum packaging of EVOO-treated meat), and T4 (vacuum packaging of raw meat). The samples' sensory, physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics were determined at the 0, 5, 10, and 15 d of preservation. Regarding sensory properties, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability scores of all the tested samples; still, T3 performed best and was most preferable among those. The pH levels varied significantly (p<0.05) amongst the four treatment groups. In the T2 group, the most favorable raw pH was observed. Cooking loss varied significantly (p<0.05) among various treatments, although water holding capacity (WHC) did not vary significantly (p>0.05). However, T3 performed best in both cases. The most favorable thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was found in T3. Additionally, compared to the other groups, T3 had significantly (p<0.05) lower total viable count (TVC) and total yeast mold count (TYMC) values, whereas T4 had significantly (p<0.05) lower total coliform count (TCC) values. Therefore, it can be concluded that, regarding sensory, anti-oxidative, physicochemical, and microbial properties, T3 (vacuum packaging of EVOO-treated meat) was better among all treatments.
Effect of replacing soybean meal with different levels of processed droppings meal on carcass and meat quality of spent layers
Authors: Apata ES , Ajagbe SA , Olanloye SA , Olaleye OO , Oke DB , Hashem MA
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effect of feeding diets containing layers droppings meal in replacement of soybean meal on carcass and meat quality of spent Silver Brown layers. A total of 105 chickswere purchased from avian specialist hatchery at Ibadan, Oyo state and reared on the Teaching and Research Farm of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ayetoro Campus. They were fed Animal Care Konsult® concentrate up to point of lay and were allotted to 5 treatments and placed on basal diet T0=0% dried layers dropping meal (DLDM) the test diets T1=25% DLDM, T2=50% DLDM, T3=75% DLDM and T4=100% DLDM inclusion with 3 replicates of 7 birds per replicate. At the end of 18 months lay, 15 birds from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered. Carcass and meat characteristics were determined in a completely randomized design experiment and data analysed at p=0.05. Birds fed T1 furnished higher dressing percentage (72%), cut-up parts, cooking yield (90.41%), crude protein (21.6%) andorganoleptic properties, while cooking and drip losses as well as thermal and cold shortenings were lower compared to other treatments. It was concluded that diet T1 (25% DLDM) inclusion was better and was recommended.
Comparison of production characteristics of BLRI-developed layer strain-2 (Shorna) with commercial ISA Brown
Authors: Hassan MR , Rabbani MAG , Sultana S , Faruque S , Afsana AS , Sultana N
Published: October 2023

The existing research program was undertaken to associate the presentation of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) settled layer strain-2 "Shorna" with a commercial strain (ISA Brown). To conduct this study, a total of 120 ISA Brown and 120 Shorna pullets were selected at chance from the prevailing batch at the age of twelve weeks. Birds were arranged in a completely randomized design, with six replications having 20 birds in each replication. Non-significant results were found in the case of feather sexing accuracy between two brown egg-laying strains. The egg weight and the egg mass production were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Shorna than in ISA Brown, whereas the egg production rate fell for Shorna compared to ISA Brown. In terms of body weight or feed consumption, there was no statistically significant difference between Shorna and ISA brown, and neither of the studied layer chickens had an impact on their FCR. Higher serum phosphorus and antibody titer levels were found in Shorna than in ISA brown (P<0.05). Additionally, the Shorna strain had more ovarian follicles than the ISA brown strain (P<0.05). Therefore, it may be assumed that these results prove Shorna is equivalent to an ISA brown laying chicken.
Impacto a largo plazo de la Cirugía Bariátrica en la remisión de la Diabetes tipo 2
Authors: Briones Moreno Paula Camila , Vera Pulla Raúl David
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica ha surgido como una estrategia prometedora para abordar la remisión de la diabetes tipo 2, ofreciendo un rayo de esperanza para aquellos que enfrentan este desafío metabólico.

 Resultados: La cirugía bariátrica/metabólica ha demostrado una mejora sostenida en la remisión de la diabetes tipo 2 a largo plazo. A pesar de que las tasas de remisión disminuyen con el tiempo, la cirugía sigue siendo más efectiva que otras intervenciones médicas o cambios en el estilo de vida. Además, los mecanismos subyacentes a esta mejoría podrían incluir la reducción de la necesidad de medicamentos y mejoras en el control metabólico. Sin embargo, la duración de la diabetes y los cambios de peso a corto plazo no son predictores consistentes de la remisión, mientras que otros factores como el tipo de procedimiento bariátrico y la duración de la enfermedad pueden desempeñar un papel crucial en el pronóstico.

Conclusiones: Los hallazgos indican que la cirugía bariátrica tiene un impacto positivo y sostenible en la remisión de la diabetes tipo 2, a pesar de una disminución en las tasas con el tiempo. Esta influencia en la remisión se atribuye a una combinación de factores, incluyendo la pérdida de peso, mejoras en el control metabólico y cambios en marcadores metabólicos.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate Regulates the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype of SNU449 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via STAT3-CD44 Axis
Authors: SATILMIŞ Basri
Published: October 2023

Cancer stem cells play an important role in resistance to therapy, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. CD44 is one of the well-known surface markers for hepatocellular carcinoma and its expression level is related to poor survival and a high recurrence rate. The effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on SNU449 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line cancer stem cells is not known. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether PEITC regulates the cancer stem cell phenotype of SNU449 cells. Here, cell viability, colony formation, and wound healing assays were performed to determine proliferative and migratory characteristics. Additionally, Caspase 3, CD44, Akt/mTOR, and p38/STAT3 protein expression levels were measured by western blotting. We found that compared to control confluence, gap fill, and migration rate were increased while half gap time was decreased in PEITC-treated cells. Compared to control-treated cells CD44 (3.2 fold) and p-STAT3 (2.44 fold) protein expressions were upregulated in PEITC-treated cells. Results of this study suggest that STAT3-mediated upregulation of CD44 leads to the gain of cancer stem cell phenotype of PEITC-treated SNU449 cells.
Association of Inflammatory Parameters with Survival in Gastric Cancer Patients Underwent Subtotal and Total Gastrectomy
Authors: UÇAR Bercis İmge , TAŞ Muhammed Alperen , ARSLAN Huseyin Emre , EKİCİ Mehmet Fatih , ZEREN Sezgin
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to assess the differences in inflammatory markers and modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) among patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent subtotal or total gastrectomy, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these markers in predicting prognosis. The study included 103 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who had undergone subtotal (n:48) or total gastrectomy (n:55). The inflammatory indices were respectively calculated as follows: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) = neutrophil count / lymphocyte count, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) = platelet count / lymphocyte count, SII = platelet count × neutrophil count / lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) = CRP / albumin levels. The mGPS was determined using established criteria based on CRP and ALB levels. The endpoint was the 3-year survival outcomes for all patients. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 65.9±9.7 years, and the vast majority were male (68.9%). The inflammatory indices did not demonstrate significant differences between the subtotal and total gastrectomy groups. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that elevated SII (HR = 1.12, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of the 3-year mortality. In predicting the 3-year mortality, SII demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to other inflammatory indices (Area under the curve: 0.843, Sensitivity: 90.5% and Specificity = 67.1%). In patients with gastric cancer who have undergone subtotal and total gastrectomy, SII could serve as an important screening tool for predicting long-term prognosis, regardless of the surgical procedure.
المواطنة العالمية ودور الأفراد متعددي اللغات في تعزيزها
Authors: حق د/ تجمل
Published: October 2023

المواطنة العالمية هي فكرة وحملة وحركة وشعور بالانتماء إلى مجتمع أرحب يتخطى الحدود الجغرافية والسياسية والوطنية، وهي تهدف إلى خدمة جميع البشر على أساس الإنسانية بغض النظر عن الجنسية والطائفة والعقيدة والدين والجنس، كما أنها تتطلب العمل معا متحدين للقضاء على المشاكل الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية والبيئية من العالم بأسره، لكن فكرة المواطنة العالمية هذه لا يمكن تحقيقها بدون التعليم. والأمم المتحدة تعتقد أن التعليم للجميع ضروري لتحقيق هذه الفكرة، لأن الشخص المتعلم يمكنه فقط فهم أهمية المواطنة العالمية ويستطيع الاضطلاع بأدوار فعالة ويقدر على بناء مجتمع أكثر سلاماً، وتسامحاً وشمولية. والمبادرة العالمية للتعليم التي أطلقتها منظمة الأمم المتحدة تركز أيضا على ثلاث أولويات: أولا: وضع كل طفل في المدرسة وثانيا: تحسين نوعية التعليم وثالثا: تعزيز المواطنة العالمية.

من الجدير بالذكر أن المواطن العالمي يجب أن يكون متعدد اللغات، لأن معرفة اللغات المتعددة تساعد على التواصل بشكل جيد مع العالم. هذا المقال يشرح فكرة المواطنة العالمية وأهميتها وانفتاح الهند على قبول فكرة المواطنة العالمية. كما يوضح أهمية التعددية اللغوية في تعزيز فكرة المواطنة العالمية من منظور شخصي وعلمي.
Traditional and Modern Teaching Methods in Teaching Arabic as a Second Language: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aqeela M.M.F. , Munas M.H.A. , Ahana M.R.F.
Published: October 2023

Being created as a talking animal, man learns many languages ​​along with his mother tongue. Similarly, Arabic is also learned as a second language by some. Traditional and modern teaching methods are used to teach it. How can their contributions be seen in language teaching? This research has been carried out with the question as research problem. This research has been carried out with the objective of studying how the contributions of both of them can be found in teaching Arabic language. This research is based on qualitative research methods and information was obtained through research articles, magazines, websites and books as secondary sources. This research has found out about and the contribution of teaching Arabic language through it, and what is modern teaching method? This research has found about the contribution of teaching Arabic language through it. The comparison between the two methods is the final finding of this study.