bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior Cervical Rhytidectomy: A Valuable Adjunct in Facial Rejuvenation Surgery
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey P. , McCollough E. Gaylon , Metzinger Stephen E.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE: To describe the aesthetic indications and operative technique of posterior cervical rhytidectomy as a staged procedure after extended cervical‐facial rhytidectomy.

DESIGN: The senior author's series of patients requiring posterior cervical rhytidectomy is reviewed, including preoperative and postoperative aesthetic results.

SETTING: A private practice plastic surgery clinic.

PATIENTS: Eleven patients who underwent staged posterior cervical rhytidectomy after extensive cervical‐facial rhytidectomy are presented, with follow‐up ranging from 3 months to 8 years. During this same duration, 941 primary and 256 secondary cervical‐facial rhytidectomies were performed.

INTERVENTIONS: The preoperative and postoperative results are presented along with a description of the pertinent anatomy and the senior author's operative technique. Potential complications are reviewed. A discussion is included on ways to minimize these untoward sequelae.

OUTCOME MEASURE: The aesthetic postoperative results are reviewed, and representative clinical photographs are presented.

RESULTS: Staged posterior cervical rhytidectomy is a safe and effective means of improving certain stigmata of previous cervical‐facial rhytidectomy in patients requiring extensive facial rejuvenation.

CONCLUSIONS: Posterior cervical rhytidectomy is a valuable surgical adjunct in selective patients who demonstrate redundant skin and soft tissue in the posterior cervical region.
Historical Ties Between Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery and Aviation and Space Medicine
Authors: Alford Bobby R. , Atkins James H.
Published: September 2022

Otolaryngology‐head and neck surgeons have been involved in the development of aviation and space medicine since the beginning of this century. More than 75 years ago, otolaryngologists revised the physical examination for pilots, organized “boards of medical examiners” to test pilot applicants, coined the term “flight surgeon,” and helped organize the first medical research laboratories at Hazelhurst Field in New York. These laboratories were transformed in 1922 into the School of Aviation Medicine at Brooks Field, Texas, which in turn subsequently was relocated to Randolph Field, Texas. During World War II the Director of Research at the school was Colonel Paul A. Campbell, MD, an otolaryngologist. In 1959, the school moved back to Brooks Air Force Base and was renamed the Aerospace Medical Center. Since manned space flight began in the 1960s there have been many joint research efforts between principal investigators in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery and NASA. Several otolaryngology‐head and neck surgeons have served or currently serve as consultants and advisors to many of NASA's standing committees. The space environment offers a new frontier for development and research in the specialty and for better understanding of vestibular function and related disorders. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:S2‐S4.)
Spaceflight Influences on Ocular Counterrolling and Other Neurovestibular Reactions
Authors: Young Laurence R. , Sinha Prashant
Published: September 2022

Exposure to extended periods of weightlessness in orbital flight has profound effects on the neurovestibular system and influences head and eye movements, postural control, and spatial orientation. The associated space motion sickness is among the earliest of the signs of adaptation to this new environment. This report both reviews the prominent neurovestibular phenomena associated with going into space and returning to earth and relates the issues to vestibular compensation and rehabilitation. New results from the Spacelab SLS‐2 mission are included, showing significant reductions in postflight ocular counterrolling and changes in ocular counterrolling left/right asymmetries after 2 weeks in space. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:S31‐S34.)
Expression of Annexin II in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Kim Ted T. , Chen Chun‐Ting , Huang Cheng‐Chun
Published: September 2022

Annexin II has previously been discovered to have involvements in DNA replication and metabolism, bone resorption, and osteoclast formation. In our work, Western blotting and immunohistostaining studies revealed the presence of annexin II in human cholesteatoma tissue. With monoclonal mouse antiannexin II antibody, a 36,000 dalton protein (annexin II) was identified in the cholesteatoma protein extract. Immunoalkaline‐phosphatase staining selectively localized annexin II to the keratinocytes in the basal and spinous layers of the cholesteatoma tissue. In normal human skin, annexin II is expressed mainly in the cytoplasmic membrane of its keratinocytes in the basal layer without significant staining in its nucleus. However, annexin II is expressed in both the cytoplasmic membrane and the nucleus of the keratinocytes in basal and spinous layers of human cholesteatomas. Our findings indicate a possible physiologic role of annexin II in keratinocyte cell hyperproliferation during development of human cholesteatoma.
Atlas of Head and Neck Surgery‐Otolaryngology, by Byron J. Bailey, Karen H. Calhoun, Amy R. Coffey, and J. Gall Neely, 934 pages with illustrations. Lippincott‐Raven, Philadelphia, 1996. $231.00
Authors: Alford Eugene L. , McQuone Shelly J.
Published: September 2022

Editor's Note: The reviewers have rated the books on a scale of one to five stars. The highest ratings are given to books that fulfill their objectives and skillfully convey information to the chosen audience. Books are judged on appropriateness and completeness of detail for the targeted audience, quality of writing, editorial skill (especially multiauthored books), illustrations, and photography. It is hoped this code will aid the reader in selecting books for his or her permanent library. The rating scale is as follows: ∗∗∗∗∗ Outstanding, a classic, should be on the shelf of anyone interested in the subject; ∗∗∗∗ Strong, well‐written book with major contributions in some areas; ∗∗∗ Informative book that should be read, if not owned, by individuals with interest in the field; ∗∗ Some worthwhile information, but with deficiencies in writing style or completeness; ∗ Major shortcomings, not recommended.
User and stakeholder perspective taking in novice design teams
Authors: Surma-aho Antti , Björklund Tua , Hölttä-Otto Katja
Published: September 2022

Taking the perspective of users and stakeholders can help designers incorporate human-centricity in their practice. However, we know relatively little of the dynamics of perspective taking – a cognitive facet of empathy – in design processes as a situated cognitive and behavioural activity, rather than as an overall orientation. To illuminate how perspective taking is used in design, we carried out a longitudinal multiple case study of 49-month-long graduate-level product and service design projects, exploring differences between high and midscale performance in different design phases. Through thematic analysis of review session discussions, we find that perspective taking in high-performing sessions involves three aggregate dimensions: gathering data to form perspectives, scoping and making sense of perspectives and using perspectives in creative processing. We identify phase-dependent characteristics for the scope and emphasis of perspective taking in concept development, system design and detailed design. We also describe different ways in which novice teams struggled to create and apply user perspectives. As a result, the current study sheds light on perspective taking and the changing nature of effective perspective taking across the design process.
Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp.: a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid (Archosauromorpha: Allokotosauria) from two monodominant bonebeds in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Arizona
Authors: Marsh Adam D. , Parker William G. , Nesbitt Sterling J. , Kligman Ben T. , Stocker Michelle R.
Published: September 2022

Non-archosaur archosauromorphs are a paraphyletic group of diapsid reptiles that were important members of global Middle and Late Triassic continental ecosystems. Included in this group are the azendohsaurids, a clade of allokotosaurians (kuehneosaurids and Azendohsauridae + Trilophosauridae) that retain the plesiomorphic archosauromorph postcranial body plan but evolved disparate cranial features that converge on later dinosaurian anatomy, including sauropodomorph-like marginal dentition and ceratopsian-like postorbital horns. Here we describe a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid from two monodominant bonebeds in the Blue Mesa Member, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic, ca. 218–220 Ma); the first occurs at Petrified Forest National Park and preserves a minimum of eight individuals of varying sizes, and the second occurs near St. Johns, Arizona. Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp. is a carnivorous malerisaurine that is closely related to Malerisaurus robinsonae from the Maleri Formation of India and to Malerisaurus langstoni from the Dockum Group of western Texas. Dentigerous elements from Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp. confirm that some Late Triassic tooth morphotypes thought to represent early dinosaurs cannot be differentiated from, and likely pertain to, Puercosuchus-like malerisaurine taxa. These bonebeds from northern Arizona support the hypothesis that non-archosauriform archosauromorphs were locally diverse near the middle Norian and experienced an extinction event prior to the end-Triassic mass extinction coincidental with the Adamanian-Revueltian boundary recognized at Petrified Forest National Park. The relatively late age of this early-diverging taxon (Norian) suggests that the diversity of azendohsaurids is underrepresented in Middle and Late Triassic fossil records around the world.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/e6eeefd2-a0ae-47fc-8604-9f45af8c1147.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for bronchoscopic removal of a tracheal foreign body in a child
Authors: Harischandra D V T , Jayaweera J M R G , Wickramasinghe A , Firmin R K
Published: September 2022

Background

Bronchoscopic removal of a foreign body is a common emergency procedure in paediatric otolaryngology. It is potentially life-threatening, as complete airway obstruction caused by the foreign body can lead to hypoxic cardiac arrest during the manipulation of the object.

Case report

This paper presents a child who had aspirated a foreign body that could not be extracted conventionally via rigid bronchoscopy in the first instance. Subsequently, it was extracted at repeat bronchoscopy under controlled respiratory conditions maintained by an extracorporeal gas exchange circuit – extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, using a polypropylene hollow fibre oxygenator commonly employed in cardiac surgery (rather than a more expensive polymethyl pentene oxygenator commonly used in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation).

Conclusion

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use can be considered in exceptional cases of upper airway emergencies, even in resource-poor settings, and can avoid more hazardous thoracotomy and bronchotomy procedures.
Nonsurgical periodontal treatment in type II diabetics in a middle-income country: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Rojas-Gómez Ana M. , Serrano Juan J. , Rosselli Diego
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) compared with supragingival therapy in type II diabetics with periodontitis.

Methods

A decision tree analysis was used to estimate the costs and health outcomes of two periodontal therapies in a hypothetical cohort of type II diabetics with periodontitis. The analysis was developed from the perspective of a third-party payer at 1 year and 5 years. Probabilities were derived from two systematic reviews. The costs and resource use were validated by a Delphi expert panel. All costs were expressed in USD, using the 25 May 2021 Colombian pesos market exchange rate (USD 1 = COP 3,350).

Results

NSPT was a dominant alternative compared with subsidized supragingival therapy in type II diabetics with periodontitis, generating savings of USD 87 and 400, during the first year or up to 5 years, respectively, and improving dental survival from 32 to 69 percent.

Conclusions

NSPT can generate savings by reducing the complications derived from uncontrolled periodontitis and tooth loss.
Synchronizing words and monoid factorization, yielding a new parameterized complexity class?
Authors: Fernau Henning , Bruchertseifer Jens
Published: September 2022

The concept of a synchronizing word is a very important notion in the theory of finite automata. We consider the associated decision problem to decide if a given DFA possesses a synchronizing word of length at most k, where k is the standard parameter. We show that this problem DFA-SW is equivalent to the problem Monoid Factorization introduced by Cai, Chen, Downey, and Fellows. Apart from the known
$\textsf{W}[2]$
-hardness results, we show that these problems belong to
$\textsf{A}[2]$
,
$\textsf{W}[\textsf{P}],$
and
$\textsf{WNL}$
. This indicates that DFA-SW is not complete for any of these classes, and hence, we suggest a new parameterized complexity class
$\textsf{W}[\textsf{Sync}]$
as a proper home for these (and more) problems. We present quite a number of problems that belong to
$\textsf{W}[\textsf{Sync}]$
or are hard or complete for this new class.
Diagnostik der Selbstregulation im Kita-Alter
Authors: Ulitzka Bianca , Daseking Monika , Kerner auch Koerner Julia
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Selbstregulation und die damit verbundenen Kompetenzen gelten als wesentliche Voraussetzung für einen erfolgreichen Schuleintritt. Im deutschen Sprachraum fehlt es bisher an Instrumenten zur Erfassung der Selbstregulation im Vorschulalter, die bei der Entwicklungsdiagnostik im Kindergarten oder bei der Einschulungsuntersuchung zum Einsatz kommen könnten. Es wird daher ein Überblick über Verfahren gegeben, (1) die auf Deutsch vorhanden sind und für die es (2) in einem Altersbereich zwischen drei und sechs Jahren Normen oder Cut-Off-Werte gibt. Identifiziert werden konnten zwölf Fragebögen, drei Beobachtungsverfahren und 26 Leistungstest, die Facetten der Selbstregulation erfassen. Die Testgütekriterien dieser Verfahren wurden geprüft. Es zeigt sich, dass einige Subtest oder -skalen aus etablierten Verfahren zur Schätzung der Selbstregulation herangezogen werden können, jedoch differenzierte Fragebögen oder gar Testbatterien zur objektiven, zuverlässigen und validen Erfassung der Selbstregulation fehlen.
‚ILeA plus Deutsch A‘
Authors: Gottlebe Katrin , Latzko Brigitte , Dietrich Sandra , Liebers Katrin
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Frühe literale Kompetenzen gelten als wichtige Lernvoraussetzungen, auf denen der schulische Schriftspracherwerb aufbaut. Mithilfe einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik kann Schwierigkeiten im Erwerbsprozess vorgebeugt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Gütekriterien eines neu entwickelten, digitalen Instruments zur Erfassung früher literaler Kompetenzen für das erste Schuljahr vorgestellt. Das Verfahren umfasst Aufgaben zu basalen Kompetenzen, phonologischer Bewusstheit, Buchstabenkenntnis und erstem Lesen. Es liegt für den Beginn und die Mitte des Schuljahres in Parallelformen vor und wurde an zwei großen Stichproben ( N = 1.042 bzw. 809) im Land Brandenburg normiert. In Teilstichproben wurde die Konstruktvalidität anhand des IEL-1 und des CFT 1-R ermittelt. Die Itemkennwerte ebenso wie die Befunde zu den Hauptgütekriterien weisen darauf hin, dass sich das Verfahren zur Routinediagnostik von Schulbereitschaft bzgl. früher literaler Kompetenzen in der Jahrgangsstufe 1 eignet. Damit liegt ein Verfahren vor, welches aus psychometrischer Sicht einen Zugewinn für die pädagogische Praxis liefert und in der schulischen Anwendung eine hohe Akzeptanz erfährt.
Biogeochemical Responses to Mixing of Glacial Meltwater and Hot Spring Discharge in the Mount St. Helens Crater
Authors: Dubnick A. , Faber Q. , Hawkings J. R. , Bramall N. , Christner B. C. , Doran P. T. , Nadeau J. , Snyder C. , Kellerman A. M. , McKenna A. M. , Spencer R. G. M. , Skidmore M. L.
Published: September 2022

Environments where geothermal waters and glacier meltwater mix are common on Earth yet little is known about the biogeochemical processes that occur when hot, reduced geothermal water mixes with cold, oxidized glacial meltwater in natural systems. Mount St. Helens provides an ideal location to study the interaction between geothermal and glacier waters since the water sources, and their mixing environment in Step Creek, are exposed in the volcanic crater. We find that the two water sources contain distinct major ion, trace element, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and biological signatures. The hot spring contains high concentrations of biogeochemically reactive components (e.g., siderophile and chalcophile trace elements and DOM) compared to the glacier discharge but a large fraction of these solutes do not remain in solution after the waters mix. In contrast, glacier discharge contains fewer solutes but most of these solutes remain in solution after the waters mix. The mixing of glacier and hot spring water in Step Creek supports seston and benthic ecosystems that have higher phototrophic and microbial biomass than those in the source waters, suggesting that the mixing environment in this high‐gradient stream provide a more comprehensive suite of soluble and essential nutrients that promote primary production and DOM cycling.
Acoustic transmissive cloaking with adjustable capacity to the incident direction
Authors: Lian Meng , Duan Linqiu , Chen Junjie , Jia Jingyuan , Su Ying , Cao Tun
Published: September 2022

Zero-refractive-index (ZRI) phononic crystals (PhCs), in which acoustic waves can be transmitted without phase variations, have considerable potential for engineering wavefronts and thus are applicable to invisibility cloaking. However, the creation of the transmissive cloaking achieved by ZRI-PhCs is challenging under an oblique incidence, which substantially hinders their practical applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate acoustic transmissive cloaking with the adjustable capacity to the incident direction. Acoustic transmissive cloaking of arbitrarily shaped obstacles can be obtained through a hybrid acoustic structure consisting of one outer layer of a programmable phase-engineered metasurface (PPEM) and one inner layer of a double zero-refractive-index (DZRI)-PhC. The DZRI-PhC is functionally the same as an equiphase area and can guide acoustic waves around the obstacle, a process known as acoustic tunneling. The PPEM perpendicularly transfers the incident acoustic waves to the DZRI-PhC and allows the emergent waves from the DZRI-PhC to transmit along the original incident direction. The DZRI-PhC is made of an array of iron squares in the air. The reciprocal of the effective bulk modulus and the effective mass density is approximately zero at a frequency of 3015 Hz (0.5187 v0/a) originating from the zeroth-order Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonance that possesses infinite phase velocities. Each meta-atom of the outer metasurface consists of a line channel and four shunted Helmholtz resonators, which have effective masses that are engineered by a mechanics system. The amplitude and phase of the sound waves propagating through each meta-atom can be controlled continuously and dynamically, enabling the metasurface to obtain versatile wavefront manipulation functions. Acoustic cloaking is visually demonstrated by experimentally scanning the acoustic field over the hybrid structure at a frequency of 3000 Hz (0.5160 v0/a). Our work may provide applications with great potential, including underwater ultrasound, airborne sound, acoustic communication, imaging, etc.
A protein-based cGAS-STING nanoagonist enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liu Yingqi , Xue Chencheng , Hu Yan , Zhao Yuanyuan , Cai Kaiyong , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong
Published: September 2022

cGAS-STING pathway is a key DNA-sensing machinery and emerges as a promising target to overcome the immunoresistance of solid tumors. Here we describe a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ferritin-based nanoagonist incorporating manganese (II) ions and β-lapachone, which cooperatively activates cGAS-STING signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) to elicit robust adaptive antitumor immunity. Mn2+-anchored mannose-modified BSAs and β-lapachone-loaded ferritins are crosslinked to afford bioresponsive protein nanoassemblies, which dissociate into monodispersive protein units in acidic perivascular tumor microenvironment (TME), thus enabling enhanced tumor penetration and spatiotemporally controlled Mn2+ and β-lapachone delivery to DCs and tumor cells, respectively. β-lapachone causes immunogenic tumor cell apoptosis and releases abundant dsDNA into TME, while Mn2+ enhances the sensitivity of cGAS to dsDNA and augments STING signaling to trigger downstream immunostimulatory signals. The cGAS-STING nanoagonist enhances the tumor-specific T cell-mediated immune response against poorly immunogenic solid tumors in vivo, offering a robust approach for immunotherapy in the clinics.
A hygroscopic nano-membrane coating achieves efficient vapor-fed photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Suguro Takuya , Kishimoto Fuminao , Kariya Nobuko , Fukui Tsuyoshi , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Shibata Naoya , Takata Tsuyoshi , Domen Kazunari , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: September 2022

Efficient water vapor splitting opens a new strategy to develop scalable and corrosion-free solar-energy-harvesting systems. This study demonstrates highly efficient overall water splitting under vapor feeding using Al-doped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:Al)-based photocatalyst decorated homogeneously with nano-membrane TiOx or TaOx thin layers (<3 nm). Here, we show the hygroscopic nature of the metal (hydr)oxide layer provides liquid water reaction environment under vapor, thus achieving an AQY of 54 ± 4%, which is comparable to a liquid reaction. TiOx coated, CoOOH/Rh loaded SrTiO3:Al photocatalyst works for over 100 h, under high pressure (0.3 MPa), and with no problems using simulated seawater as the water vapor supply source. This vapor feeding concept is innovative as a high-pressure-tolerant photoreactor and may have value for large-scale applications. It allows uniform distribution of the water reactant into the reactor system without the potential risk of removing photocatalyst powders and eluting some dissolved ions from the reactor.
Single-stage tubular and multistage planar systems of passive permeate-side-heated solar membrane distillation
Authors: Sujon Shahin Ahmed , Yi Peng
Published: September 2022

Scarcity of drinking water is a global problem and especially serious in rural areas of developing countries. Passive permeate-side-heated interfacial-heating solar membrane distillation has been shown recently as a promising system for off-grid distributed water and wastewater treatment. In this study, single-stage tubular systems were developed by giving the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane (pore size: 0.45 µm) a tubular structure with the outer surface (i.e., the permeate side) coated with carbon black NPs which absorbed solar thermal energy and evaporated the feedwater inside the membrane tube. Under natural sunlight, the vertical tubular system had a production rate of distilled water per footprint of 0.67‒2.06 kg m−2 day−1 throughout the year, 71% higher than the single-stage planar system on average. The three-stage planar systems were developed by overlapping three single-stage modules. Two adjacent modules shared a common copper sheet that serves as both the top of the condensation chamber of the preceding stage and the bottom of the feedwater chamber of the following stage. The copper sheet can partially transfer the condensation heat of the preceding stage to the feedwater of the following stage, thus enhancing the system energy efficiency (ƞsys) in producing distilled water. The ƞsys and distillate flux of the three-stage systems were 62% and 5.01 kg m−2 day−1, respectively, at the average daytime irradiance of 422 W m−2, 34% higher than the single-stage planar systems.
SARS-COV-ATE risk assessment model for arterial thromboembolism in COVID-19
Authors: Li Pin , Lee Yi , Jehangir Qasim , Lin Chun-Hui , Krishnamoorthy Geetha , Sule Anupam A. , Halabi Abdul R. , Patel Kiritkumar , Poisson Laila , Nair Girish B.
Published: September 2022

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications conferring an extremely poor prognosis. COVID-19 infection is known to be an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). We developed a risk assessment model (RAM) to stratify hospitalized COVID-19 patients for arterial thromboembolism (ATE). This multicenter, retrospective study included adult COVID-19 patients admitted between 3/1/2020 and 9/5/2021. Among 3531 patients from the training cohort, 15.5% developed acute in-hospital ATE, including stroke, MI, and other ATE, compared to 13.4% in the validation cohort. The 16-item final score was named SARS-COV-ATE (Sex: male = 1, Age [40–59 = 2, > 60 = 4], Race: non-African American = 1, Smoking = 1 and Systolic blood pressure elevation = 1, Creatinine elevation = 1; Over the range: leukocytes/lactate dehydrogenase/interleukin-6, B-type natriuretic peptide = 1, Vascular disease (cardiovascular/cerebrovascular = 1), Aspartate aminotransferase = 1, Troponin-I [> 0.04 ng/mL = 1, troponin-I > 0.09 ng/mL = 3], Electrolytes derangement [magnesium/potassium = 1]). RAM had a good discrimination (training AUC 0.777, 0.756–0.797; validation AUC 0.766, 0.741–0.790). The validation cohort was stratified as low-risk (score 0–8), intermediate-risk (score 9–13), and high-risk groups (score ≥ 14), with the incidence of ATE 2.4%, 12.8%, and 33.8%, respectively. Our novel prediction model based on 16 standardized, commonly available parameters showed good performance in identifying COVID-19 patients at risk for ATE on admission.
V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) as an emerging target for epithelial–mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer
Authors: Satala Catalin-Bogdan , Jung Ioan , Kovacs Zsolt , Stefan-Van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Molnar Calin , Bara Tivadar , Patrichi Andrei-Ionut , Gurzu Simona
Published: September 2022

V-set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) is a cell–cell adhesion molecule which role in the genesis and evolution of gastric cancer (GC) is not understood. Only three Medline-indexed papers have focused on the role of VSIG1 in GC. The clinicopathological features of 94 GCs were examined in association with immunohistochemical (IHC) patterns of VSIG1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin which were assessed in the tumor core (central) vs. invasive edge. Cases were classified depending on the VSIG1 expression: membrane/membrane in both core and invasive front; null/negative staining in both core and invasive front; and cases with translocational patterns: membrane core/cytoplasmic buds and cytoplasmic core/null buds. Most of the tumors showed null pattern (n = 54). Cases with translocational patterns (n = 20) were GCs with a high lymph node ratio value (≥ 0.26) and advanced Dukes-MAC-like stage. Of the 20 total cases, 9 showed membrane-to-nuclear translocation of β-catenin and loss of E-cadherin, as indicators of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. All cases with membrane/membrane pattern (n = 20) involved the distal stomach. The poorest overall survival was registered in patients with subcellular translocation of VSIG1, compared to those with either membrane/membrane or null patterns (p = 0.002). In GC, VSIG1 acts as an adhesion membrane protein but its membrane-cytoplasmic translocation can be an indicator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition due to cytoplasmic VSIG1-mediated activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Efficiency of the traditional practice of traps to stimulate black truffle production, and its ecological mechanisms
Authors: Taschen E. , Callot G. , Savary P. , Sauve M. , Penuelas-samaniego Y. , Rousset F. , Parlade X. , Selosse M.-A. , Richard F.
Published: September 2022

The black truffleTuber melanosporumwas disseminated all over the world, propelled by the development of a wide variety of empirical practices. A widespread practice, called ‘truffle trap’, consists of placing pieces of truffles into excavations dug under host trees, and of collecting truffle in these traps in the next years. This research aims at (1) evaluating the effect of this practice on fruitbody production based on the analysis of 9924 truffle traps installed in 11 orchards acrossT. melanosporumnative area in France and (2) exploring the mechanisms involved in fruitbody emergence using traps where the genotypes of introduced truffles were compared with those of fruitbodies collected in the same traps. We confirmed that truffle traps provide a major and highly variable part of truffle ground production, representing up to 89% of the collected fruitbodies. We evidenced a genetic link between introduced spores and collected fruitbodies, and then demonstrated that truffle growers provide paternal partners for mating with local maternal mycelia. We also highlighted that soil disturbance stimulate the vegetative development of established maternal mycelia. This research supports that a widely used traditional practice enhances fruitbody production by shaping favorable conditions and providing sexual partners required for fruiting.
Time to castration resistance is a novel prognostic factor of cancer-specific survival in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hakozaki Yuji , Yamada Yuta , Kawai Taketo , Nakamura Masaki , Takeshima Yuta , Iwaki Takuya , Teshima Taro , Kinoshita Yoshitaka , Fujii Yoichi , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Sato Yusuke , Yamada Daisuke , Suzuki Motofumi , Kashiwagi-Hakozaki Mayu , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kume Haruki
Published: September 2022

We aimed to identify prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0CRPC) patients. The final analysis of this retrospective cohort included 82 patients who were diagnosed as M0CRPC between 1998 and 2018 at the University of Tokyo Hospital. CRPC was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (increased PSA ≥ 25% and ≥ 2 ng/mL above the nadir or detection of a metastatic lesion). The median value of age and PSA at the time of CRPC were 76 (range 55–94) years and 2.84 (range 2.04–22.5) ng/mL, respectively. The median follow-up time from CRPC diagnosis was 38 (range 3–188) months. The prognostic factors of CSS were ‘PSA doubling time (PSADT) ≤ 3 months’, ‘time to CRPC diagnosis from the start of androgen deprivation therapy (TTCRPC) ≤ 12 months’, of which TTCRPC was a novel risk factor of CSS. In the multivariate analysis, ‘PSADT ≤ 3 months’ and TTCRPC ≤ 12 months’ remained as statistically significant predictors of CSS. Novel risk stratification was developed based on the number of these risk factors. The high-risk group showed a hazard ratio of 4.416 (95% confidence interval 1.701–11.47, C-index = 0.727).
Thermal micropolar and couple stresses effects on peristaltic flow of biviscosity nanofluid through a porous medium
Authors: Ismael Aya M. , Eldabe Nabil T. , Abou zeid Mohamed Y. , El Shabouri Sami M.
Published: September 2022

The main aim of the current study is to analyze couple stresses effects on MHD peristaltic transport of a micropolar non-Newtonian nanofluid. The fluid flows through a porous media between two horizontal co-axial tubes. The effects of radiation, chemical reaction, viscous and ohmic dissipation are considered. The inner tube is solid and uniform, while the outer tube has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. The governing equations have been simplified using low-Reynolds number and long wave-length approximations, thus a semi-analytical solutions have been obtained using the homotopy perturbation method. Numerical results for the behaviors of the axial velocity, microrotation velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration with the physical parameters are depicted graphically through a set of graphs. Furthermore, the values of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and nano Sherwood numbers are computed and presented graphically through some draws. Moreover, the trapping phenomenon is discussed throughout a set of figures. The present study is very important in many medical applications, as the gastric juice motion in the small intestine when an endoscope is inserted through it. Further, gold nanoparticles are utilized in the remedy of cancer tumor.
An evaluation of how connectopic mapping reveals visual field maps in V1
Authors: Watson David M. , Andrews Timothy J.
Published: September 2022

Functional gradients, in which response properties change gradually across the cortical surface, have been proposed as a key organising principle of the brain. However, the presence of these gradients remains undetermined in many brain regions. Resting-state neuroimaging studies have suggested these gradients can be reconstructed from patterns of functional connectivity. Here we investigate the accuracy of these reconstructions and establish whether it is connectivity or the functional properties within a region that determine these “connectopic maps”. Different manifold learning techniques were used to recover visual field maps while participants were at rest or engaged in natural viewing. We benchmarked these reconstructions against maps measured by traditional visual field mapping. We report an initial exploratory experiment of a publicly available naturalistic imaging dataset, followed by a preregistered replication using larger resting-state and naturalistic imaging datasets from the Human Connectome Project. Connectopic mapping accurately predicted visual field maps in primary visual cortex, with better predictions for eccentricity than polar angle maps. Non-linear manifold learning methods outperformed simpler linear embeddings. We also found more accurate predictions during natural viewing compared to resting-state. Varying the source of the connectivity estimates had minimal impact on the connectopic maps, suggesting the key factor is the functional topography within a brain region. The application of these standardised methods for connectopic mapping will allow the discovery of functional gradients across the brain.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 19 April 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found athttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19771717.
The impact of severe plastic deformations obtained by hydrostatic extrusion on the machinability of ultrafine-grained Ti grade 2 intended for fasteners
Authors: Skiba Jacek , Kulczyk Mariusz , Przybysz-Gloc Sylwia , Skorupska Monika , Niczyporuk Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to examine the effect of the hydrostatic extrusion (HE) process on the machinability of Ti grade 2 (Ti) in the turning process. After the deformation with true strain ɛ = 2.28, the microstructure was significantly refined to a grain size of 100 nm, resulting in an increase in the mechanical properties,UTSstrength by 190%,YSyield strength by 230%Cutting forces for Ti in the initial state and after HE were analyzed at cutting depthsap = 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm, the variables were cutting speedVc(20, 30 and 50 m/min) and feed ratef(0.08 and 0.13 m/s).The impact of the microstructure refinement in Ti after HE on the high cutting depth machinability deterioration (ap = 0.7 mm) was identified. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable at lower cutting speedsVc = 20 and 30 m/min at which cutting forces are higher. Application tests of Ti after HE showed a significantly lower susceptibility to buckling during threading. As a result of the tests carried out for the Ti in the initial state, it was not possible to achieve the tolerance of pitch diameter of the thread required by standards,d2at two of the three cutting depths tested. In turn, for the Ti after HE, the thread tolerances required by the standards were achieved for all tested cutting depths.
Changes in inflammatory biomarkers in the nasal mucosal secretion after septoplasty
Authors: Park Marn Joon , Jang Yong Ju
Published: September 2022

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is suggested to be associated with nonspecific inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The authors hypothesized septoplasty may reduce nasal mucosal inflammation, therefore the authors aimed to measure various inflammatory biomarkers in the nasal secretion following septoplasty. Prospectively, 17 patients undergoing elective septoplasty were included. Symptomatic changes after septoplasty were evaluated with Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scores. Using acoustic rhinometry, changes of the nasal airway volume were measured. Nasal secretion was collected within 2 weeks and 3 months before and after septoplasty, respectively. The inflammatory biomarker high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), eotaxin-1, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) were quantified in the nasal secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or multiplex bead array assays. The patients' mean age was 30.5 ± 6.8 (ranging from 19 to 43), consisting of 15 male and 2 female patients. The median SNOT-22 and NOSE scores changed from 54 to 14 and 78 to 15, respectively, both showing a significant decrease. In acoustic rhinometry, nasal cavity volume of convex side significantly increased after septoplasty, whereas significant discrepancy of nasal airway volume between concave and convex sides became insignificant. No significant difference was noted both before and after septoplasty between the concave and convex sides in all seven biomarkers. The HMGB1, RANTES, IL-4, and TNF-α concentrations following septoplasty showed significant decrease in 34 nasal cavities of 17 patients (all p < 0.05). However, when the 17 concave and 17 convex sides were analyzed separately, the significant reduction in four biomarkers were only significant in the concave sides (all p < 0.05), but not significantly reduced in convex sides. Septoplasty may have benefited not only in normalizing the nasal airflow and symptom improvement, but also in nonspecific inflammation attenuation in the nasal airway.
Association of underweight status with the risk of tuberculosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Cho Su Hwan , Lee Hyun , Kwon Hyuktae , Shin Dong Wook , Joh Hee-Kyung , Han Kyungdo , Park Jin Ho , Cho Belong
Published: September 2022

In studies evaluating the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of tuberculosis (TB), the data for the underweight population has been limited and results were conflicting. Our study aimed to evaluate whether being underweight increases the risk of TB using a nationwide representative sample from the Republic of Korea. A large population-based cohort study of over ten million subjects who participated in the health screening in 2010 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance database 2010–2017. We evaluated the incidence and risk of TB by BMI category (kg/m2) for Asians using a multivariable Cox regression model, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low-income state, and underlying hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. To evaluate the association between BMI and TB risk, the underweight population was further subdivided according to the degree of thinness. During 70,063,154.3 person-years of follow-up, 52,615 of 11,135,332 individuals developed active TB with an incidence of 0.75 per 1000 person-years. Overall, there was a log-linear inverse relationship between TB incidence and BMI, within the BMI range of 15–30 kg/m2 (R2 = 0.95). The estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident TB in the underweight population (BMI < 18.5) was 2.08 (95% confidence intervals, CI 2.02–2.15), overweight (23 ≤ BMI < 25) was 0.56 (0.55–0.58) and obese (BMI ≥ 25) was 0.40 (0.39–0.41) relative to the normal weight population. Among the underweight population, TB risk increased as the degree of thinness increased (adjusted HR = 1.98, 1.91–2.05; 2.50, 2.33–2.68; and 2.83, 2.55–3.15, for mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively) (p for trend < 0.001). We found a significant inverse relationship between BMI and TB incidence, which was especially profound in the underweight population. Public health strategies to screen TB more actively in the underweight population and improve their weight status may help reduce the burden of TB.
Hypoconnectivity between anterior insula and amygdala associates with future vulnerabilities in social development in a neurodiverse sample of neonates
Authors: Scheinost Dustin , Chang Joseph , Lacadie Cheryl , Brennan-Wydra Emma , Foster Rachel , Boxberger Alexandra , Macari Suzanne , Vernetti Angelina , Constable R. Todd , Ment Laura R. , Chawarska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Altered resting state functional connectivity (FC) involving the anterior insula (aINS), a key node in the salience network, has been reported consistently in autism. Here we examined, for the first time, FC between the aINS and the whole brain in a sample of full-term, postmenstrual age (PMA) matched neonates (mean 44.0 weeks, SD = 1.5) who due to family history have high likelihood (HL) for developing autism (n = 12) and in controls (n = 41) without family history of autism (low likelihood, LL). Behaviors associated with autism were evaluated between 12 and 18 months (M = 17.3 months, SD = 2.5) in a subsample (25/53) of participants using the First Year Inventory (FYI). Compared to LL controls, HL neonates showed hypoconnectivity between left aINS and left amygdala. Lower connectivity between the two nodes was associated with higher FYI risk scores in the social domain (r(25) = −0.561, p = .003) and this association remained robust when maternal mental health factors were considered. Considering that a subsample of LL participants (n = 14/41) underwent brain imaging during the fetal period at PMA 31 and 34 weeks, in an exploratory analysis, we evaluated prospectively development of the LaINS-Lamy connectivity and found that the two areas strongly coactivate throughout the third trimester of pregnancy. The study identifies left lateralized anterior insula—amygdala connectivity as a potential target of further investigation into neural circuitry that enhances likelihood of future onset of social behaviors associated with autism during neonatal and potentially prenatal periods.
Autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) as revision procedure for failed AMIC in recurrent symptomatic osteochondral defects of the talus
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Schenker Hanno , Maffulli Nicola , Eschweiler Jörg , Lichte Philipp , Hildebrand Frank , Weber Christian David
Published: September 2022

Autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is a bone marrow stimulating technique used for the surgical management of chondral defects of the talus. The present study evaluated the clinical outcomes and imaging of AMIC as revision procedure for failed AMIC surgery for osteochondral defects of the talus. Forty-eight patients with symptomatic osteochondral defects who received a revision AMIC were evaluated after a minimum of two years follow-up. Patients with previous procedures rather than AMIC, those who required additional surgical procedures (e.g. ligament repair or deformity correction), or those who had evidence of kissing, bilateral, or multiple lesions were excluded. Outcome parameters included the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), Tegner Activity Scale, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS), and the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score. All patients were followed by an assessor who was not involved in the clinical management. 27 patients were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the patient was 34.9 ± 3.1 years, and the mean BMI 27.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2. The mean defect surface area was 2.8 ± 1.9 cm2. The mean follow-up was 44.3 ± 21.4 months. The mean hospital length of stay was 4.4 ± 1.4 days. At final follow-up, the mean VAS score was 4.1 ± 3.1, the mean Tegner 3.5 ± 1.6, the mean AOFAS 58.8 ± 20.6. The preoperative MOCART score was 22.1 ± 13.7 points, the postoperative MOCART score was 42.3 ± 27.9 points (+ 20.2%; P = 0.04), respectively. 30% (8 of 27 patients) experienced persistent pain and underwent a further chondral procedure. Concluding, AMIC could be a viable option as revision procedure for failed AMIC in recurrent symptomatic osteochondral defects of the talus. The PROMs indicated that patients were moderately satisfied with the procedure, and the MOCART score demonstrated a significant improvement from baseline to the last follow-up. A deeper understanding in prognostic factors and patient selection is critical to prevent failures.
Development and characterization of DNA aptamer against Retinoblastoma by Cell-SELEX
Authors: Maradani Bhavani Shankar , Parameswaran Sowmya , Subramanian Krishnakumar
Published: September 2022

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common paediatric intraocular tumour. The management of RB has improved the survival and vision with recent advances in the treatment. Improved therapeutic approaches focussing on targeting tumours and minimizing the treatment-associated side effects are being developed. In this study, we generated a ssDNA aptamer against RB by cell-SELEX and high-throughput sequencing using Weri-RB1 cell line as the target, and Muller glial cell line Mio-M1 as the control. Three aptamers were selected based on the number of repetitions in NGS and phylogenetic relationship and evaluated by flow cytometry to assess their binding affinity and selectivity. The dissociation constant, Kd values of three selected aptamers were found to be in the nanomolar range. Aptamer VRF-CSRB-01 with the best binding affinity and a Kd value of 49.41 ± 7.87 nM was further characterized. The proteinase and temperature treatment indicated that VRF-CSRB-01 targets surface proteins, and has a good binding affinity and excellent selectivity under physiological conditions. The aptamer VRF-CSRB-01 was stable over 72 h in serum and 96 h in cerebral spinal fluid and vitreous. With the high affinity, specificity, stability and specific recognition of clinical RB tumours, VRF-CSRB-01 aptamer holds potential for application in diagnosis and targeting RB.
Iron status and the risk of sepsis and severe COVID-19: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Mohus Randi Marie , Flatby Helene , Liyanarachi Kristin V. , DeWan Andrew T. , Solligård Erik , Damås Jan Kristian , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Gustad Lise T. , Rogne Tormod
Published: September 2022

Observational studies have indicated an association between iron status and risk of sepsis and COVID-19. We estimated the effect of genetically-predicted iron biomarkers on risk of sepsis and risk of being hospitalized with COVID-19, performing a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. For risk of sepsis, one standard deviation increase in genetically-predicted serum iron was associated with odds ratio (OR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.29, P = 0.031). The findings were supported in the analyses for transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity, while the estimate for ferritin was inconclusive. We found a tendency of higher risk of hospitalization with COVID-19 for serum iron; OR 1.29 (CI 0.97–1.72, P = 0.08), whereas sex-stratified analyses showed OR 1.63 (CI 0.94–2.86, P = 0.09) for women and OR 1.21 (CI 0.92–1.62, P = 0.17) for men. Sensitivity analyses supported the main findings and did not suggest bias due to pleiotropy. Our findings suggest a causal effect of genetically-predicted higher iron status and risk of hospitalization due to sepsis and indications of an increased risk of being hospitalized with COVID-19. These findings warrant further studies to assess iron status in relation to severe infections, including the potential of improved management.