bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los servicios de extensión agraria y su impacto en la promoción de la agricultura orgánica en la región de Puno
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú, Calatayud Mendoza Alfredo Pelayo
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the intervention of agricultural extension services in the promotion of organic agriculture in the region of Puno using the quasi-experimental methodology of propensity score matching (PSM) for its estimation, the source of information is the database of the National Agricultural Census - 2012, in fact, agricultural extension services are considered as an indispensable instrument to promote a sustainable and responsible agricultural production system with the environment of the rural area. The results show a limited participation of the responsible bodies (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, The National Service of Agrifood Health and Quality, Puno Regional Agricultural Directorate, National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Non-Governmental Organizations, etc.) responsible for providing the services of agrarian extension At the level of the Puno region, only 0.47% of agricultural producers received business advice, 3.39% benefited from technical assistance and 8.93% participated in training related to crop management, among them being the most Representative training service, the impact of training in crop management in the provinces of Sandía, Lampa, Yunguyo, Puno and San Román was the increase in organic production by 12.3%, 7.3%, 7%, 6.1% and 5.1%, respectively, in this group of provinces the promotion of organic products such as quinoa, coffee, potatoes, etc. is clearly evidenced. However, in the provinces of San Antonio de Putina, Carabaya, Melgar and Chucuito, the results are not encouraging, organic agricultural practices are reduced by 2.6%, 3.6%, 8.6% and 20.7%, respectively, agricultural training should support that sustainable agriculture that helps to promote an environmentally responsible production system development, in addition agricultural extension services should be oriented to strengthen organic production with agro-export potential.
Enhancement of Flow Properties Biodiesel Using Sorbitan Monooleate
Authors: Arina Herlin , Nasikin Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Depletion of fossil fuel and increased pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuel is a leading factor in to use of alternate energy especially palm oil biodiesel as a mixture of diesel oil fuel (B-XX). It was reported that the use of the B-20 caused a blockage in the vehicle’s fuel filter. The blockage is caused by the presence of deposits formed from the agglomeration of monoglycerides. Three different biodiesels with monoglyceride content were used 0.40% - 0.60% by mass. The addition of monoglyceride standards (monopalmitin, monostearin, and monoolein) to biodiesel increases the volume of monoglyceride precipitates formed. The presence of these deposits decreases the flow properties of B-20. Research has been carried out to improve the flow properties of biodiesel by adding Sorbitan Monooleate (CMOST) surfactant, especially cloud points (CP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) parameters. The addition of 0.10%w - 1%w CMOST can reduce the CP by 4.80oC and CFPP by 2oC. This proves that the addition of SMO will improve the flow properties of B-XX as an alternative energy.
Efectos de emociones, nivel académico y género sobre las creencias en pseudociencias de estudiantes de educación secundaria
Authors: Benito-Boillos Miguel , Solaz-Portolés Joan Josep , Sanjosé López Vicente
Published: March 2023

La educación secundaria desempeña un importante papel en la alfabetización científica y, en ella, las creencias en pseudociencias tienen una gran relevancia. Por esta razón, los objetivos de este estudio se centraron en la evaluación del nivel de adhesión a las creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes de secundaria y en el análisis de la influencia del género, nivel académico y emociones generadas en el aula de ciencias sobre dichas creencias. Participaron 125 estudiantes de tres cursos diferentes de educación secundaria (3º y 4º de ESO, y 1º de Bachillerato, esto es, 9º, 10º y 11º grado). A todos ellos se les administraron dos cuestionarios, uno para evaluar las creencias pseudocientíficas y el otro para determinar las emociones, positivas y negativas, que se experimentan en las clases de ciencias. A partir de los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis de las correlaciones entre variables y un análisis de regresión, se puede concluir que: a) el nivel de creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes es medio-bajo y comparable al de otros países; b) solo las emociones negativas y el nivel académico de los estudiantes influyen de forma significativa en las creencias en pseudociencias, y ambas tienen una contribución similar a la variabilidad de estas creencias.
Responsabilidad Social Universitaria: Proyecto "del Nacer al Trascender" como vía empírica al acercamiento de la poesía
Authors: Cortes Coss Dina Elizabeth , Cortes Coss Agustin
Published: March 2023

Esta obra abarca pequeños poemas de autores empíricos que han decidido plasmar sus experiencias de forma sutil y poética para compartir, recordar, vivir y transmitir un legado de admi- ración a la vida, pues bien, dicho es ya, ésta es muy corta, así, esta obra nos invita a admirar cada instante, cada momento, cada persona y cada situación sea buena o mala que atraviesa en nuestra vida.
PRECISION OF MATHEMATICAL VERBS IN GRADE 12 LEBANESE NATIONAL EXAMS
Authors: Shehayeb Sanaa
Published: March 2023

This study aims at analyzing a recent copy of the Lebanese mathematics national exams in terms of precision of action verbs as well as classification of free-response items according to Porter’s rubric related to language associated with performance outcomes and two-dimensional Bloom Revised Taxonomy. Results showed that the verbs were classified at different levels. The levels were all tackled in the exam which shows variety of questions except for the highest Porter level. The higher thinking level questions as specified by Porter and Bloom constituted around 30% of the exam. Similar studies targeting all national mathematics exams are recommended.
Evaluation of the histological and immunohistochemical subtype of breast cancer patients from a referral hospital in the inland of the state of São Paulo
Authors: Silva Isabela Costa da , Freitas Gabrielle Aparecida Alves de , Mello Thiago Rodrigues de , Silva Suelen Umbelino da , Sá Rafael da Silva
Published: March 2023

The immunohistochemical markers used in breast cancer cases allow the classification of tumors into four subtypes: luminal A (1), luminal B (2), HER2 positive (3), and triple-negative or basal-like (4). This study aimed to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer patients from a referral hospital in the inland of the state of São Paulo and understand the particularities of the prognosis based on the tumor-node-metastasis staging. Methods: This retrospective observational epidemiological cohort study was carried out at Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, with the first half of 2020 as the time frame. The research target population was women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent immunohistochemical examination. We excluded patients with breast carcinoma in situ and incomplete medical records, which made data analysis impossible. After classifying the cases into four molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, identifying the histological grade, and verifying the pathological staging criteria, we gathered the data and addressed the pathological-prognostic staging to investigate the prognosis of each patient. Results: We analyzed 49 patients with a complete immunohistochemical profile. Among them, luminal A (44.9%) was the most prevalent molecular subtype, followed by luminal B (36.7%). The least prevalent subtypes were triple-negative (16.8%) and HER2 (2%). Pathological-prognostic staging was possible in 73.5% of cases. Conclusions: The molecular subtype is important for tumor evaluation and has direct implications for the staging of breast cancer patients.
Essence controls in pharmaceutical enterprise systems
Authors: Naveen Rajora
Published: March 2023

The healthcare access is fundamental rights for every human being. It is Government’s responsibility to provide authentic Medicines and good healthcare system to its people as essential part of human life. Currently many governments across the countries are coming up with many welfare schemes to provide good healthcare services as a fundamental right. Pharmaceutical industry is also considered an essential part of healthcare services as it continuously invents new drugs to improve people’s life. New research and their potential outcomes raising new hopes of curing critical and rare diseases. Pharmaceutical industry must adopt innovative technologies in enterprise systems which help to control the process of medicine invention from research stage to final drug approval. Enterprise system secure the research information and patients confidential data, maintain Good manufacturing Practice (GMP) in production to manufacture breakthrough medicine for improving human life expectancy and quality of life. Enterprise system also provide accurate information’s for internal and external audit. Enterprise system in pharmaceutical business process effectively reduce defects and Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPA). New drug development and alternatives of expensive medicines are offering cost effective and affordable treatment plans to poor population. However, adopting new technologies in enterprise systems and improving existing infrastructure is another key challenge for poor and developing countries [1]. The complex and lengthy process of drug launch and huge investment on research and development make process more vulnerable when results are discovered without any prominent health improvements [2]. Newly launch drugs are trend to be costly and unaffordable for poor patients who need them and put a high pressure on health care budgets. These trends raise questions about incentives at work in the pharmaceutical sector and the sustainability of current pricing models.
Educational Resource Management System (ERMS)
Authors: Nithvika Reddy  , N. S. Manogna  , Shaga Shivani
Published: March 2023

The ERMS aims to curate a management system for universities that provides us with a web application that eases the academic activities for students and faculty. Learning is fun when accessing the resource is easy. A user-friendly UI. The project environment and usage are completely secure at both ends. This is a system for the collection, integration, processing, maintenance, and dissemination of data and information to support decision-making, policy analysis, and formulation, planning, monitoring, and management at all levels of an education system. There are 3 main Users namely · Faculty - Who upload class materials, update marks and attendance. · Students - Who use this for accessing study materials, checkmarks, attendance. Admin/Management - Who keeps up with the changes like marks and attendance.
Vigna subterranean (Bambara groundnut), a possible weapon in fighting the malnutrition war in the arid and sub-arid regions
Authors: Adaora Stellamaris Ogbuagu  , Nkeoma Nkasi Okoye  , Chinelo Lilian Innocent
Published: March 2023

The global effort in fighting the nutrition war seems to be witnessing a record setback owing to recent climatic changes, growing insecurity, COVID-19 disruptions etc. all resulting in a global rise in food prices. Parts of Africa and Asia have constantly ranked high in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) and are already associated with the poverty and malnutrition crisis. Women and children remain the worst victims of this crisis. Although Africa is a host to a number of locally sourced, nutritious food crops which have been used as food in the time past, these crops remain underutilized while Sub-Sahara Africa remains on the red list for malnutrition. Among these underutilized plants is Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc, synonym; Voandzeia subterranean (L.) Thouars. The seeds contain about 64.4% carbohydrate, 23.6% protein, 6.5% fat, 5.5% fiber and a lot of minerals as well as a number of secondary metabolites. In Africa, the nuts have been processed into various meals which are cheaper sources of protein with high acceptability. Bambara nuts, with such a rich nutritional content can be cultivated even in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world which are ravaged by malnutrition. Highlighting and promoting such cheaper, highly nutritious foods, can be a very effective weapon for dealing with the current malnutrition crisis in the world. With this, the global sustainable development goals #2 and #3, already grossly set back by COVID-19 and global insecurity etc., may still be attainable by the year 2030.
Manajemen Program Nagari Statistik di Kabupaten Dharmasraya
Authors: Qori Vovi Ratna , Putera Roni Ekha , Yoserizal Yoserizal
Published: March 2023

Nagari Statistik program is implementation form for accurate, integrated, quick and easy to access of statistical data supports. Background of this study was low quality of data in big number of data, so it needs management improvement by government through Satu Data Indonesia program. Therefore, Agency of Communication and Informatics (Diskominfo) and Central Agency of Statistics (BPS), which also support by local government (OPD) in Dharmasraya regency establihed Nagari Statistik program. Kanagarian Sungai Duo as the first of pilot project area of this program. However, there is some obstacles in implementation of this program, both of Agency of Communication and Informatics (Diskominfo) in Dharmasraya regency as an organizer program and the areas (nagari) for this program itself. This study was analyzed to describe the phenomenon at the study sites qualitatively using management function theory to analyze management by Ricky W Griffin that consist of planning, organizing, briefing and supervising of Nagari Statistik program. This study showed that management of this program in Dharmasraya regency has been carried out quite well, although the operational was still not optimal. This phenomenon could be observed from several obstacles, such as limitation of budget and low quality of human resource because there is no statistic expert officer for this program.
Manajemen Pemerintahan Desa Ciangsana Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas BUMDes
Authors: Ramadhina Alifvia Putri , Priyanti Evi
Published: March 2023

Ciangsana Village government management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) needs to be done well so that BUMDes management can contribute to PADes. Without government management in accordance with its functions, it can bring setbacks in village development including BUMDes productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine Ciangsana Village government management in improving BUMDes productivity. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used were interviewed, observation, and documentation. Researchers use the theory of government management by George R Terry which has four dimensions, namely: planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. Based on the results of the research, it was found that planning has not been effective and efficient because it has not led to significant changes in the community and the BUMDes itself. Organizing is good with clear management through solidarity and cooperation. The actuating of the Ciangsana Village government carried out for BUMDes has not contributed to the PADes. Controlling is quite good because there are advisors and supervisors. Thus, it can be concluded that the management of Ciangsana Village government in increasing the productivity of BUMDes has not been effective.
Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal
Authors: Fatima Nadia , Ema Jumiati Ipah , Yulianti Rina
Published: March 2023

The policies regarding Halal product guarantees are regulated in Law Number 33 of 2014. This Law aims to provide legal certainty regarding the halalness of a product circulating in public. In addition, it also created a sense of security and a sense of public trust in the products. Banten, which is well-known as one of the religious provinces, is also a benchmark for how the public has sufficient awareness and knowledge of the implementation of Halal Product Assurance (JPH) for products circulating in the market. This research is aimed to find out and analyze how the Implementation of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Guarantees for Halal Products (Studies on Implementation of Guarantees for Halal Products in Banten). The qualitative method was used in collecting data. The results of the research using the Edward III policy implementation model approach show that the implementation of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (Study on the Implementation of Halal Product Guarantees in Banten) is still not going well. First, there is still confusion from businessmen in the flow of the halal certification registration process which is currently undergoing a transition period from LPPOM MUI to BPJPH. Second, there is no BPJPH organizational structure in the regions so it is currently under the Ministry of Religion in each province. Third, the regular Halal certification fee is quite expensive and affects the number of applicants for Halal certification. Forth, most Muslim communities do not know that Halal food products are not only strictly consuming pork and its derivatives. But it must be seen from the production process from upstream to downstream.

Keywords: Public Policy Implementation, Law on Guarantees of  Halal Products, Halal Certification.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Dana Dekonsentrasi Bidang Kesehatan Pada Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Banten
Authors: Revki Iboyma Muhammad , Sjafari Agus , Cadith Juliannes
Published: March 2023

The health deconcentration fund is one of the funding schemes for the regions in the context of delegating functions that fall under the authority of the central government to regional governments in certain areas to support the achievement of national development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of deconcentration fund management policies in the health sector at the Banten Provincial Health Office and explain the inhibiting factors for the implementation of deconcentration fund management policies in the health sector at the Banten Provincial Health Office. This study uses a qualitative method using the policy implementation model of Edward III which states four variables, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 7 informants and a study of documentation of reports on the management of deconcentration funds at the Banten Provincial Health Office for the 2019-2022 period. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of deconcentration fund management policies in the health sector at the Health Office of Banten Province was still not effective. This is caused by the communication aspect which has not been maximized and the inadequate qualification of adequate resources for the management of deconcentration funds. Factors inhibiting the implementation of deconcentration fund management policies in the health sector include the low allocation of funds from the state budget which is not sufficient, the principles of efficiency and effectiveness that are not yet clear, the absence of good coordination in terms of dissemination of implementing regulations, and the lack of optimal guidance and supervision of deconcentration effective.
Artificial Photosynthesis Technology: Is it Possible?
Authors: Zanoni Maria Valnice
Published: March 2023

How to artificially mimic a natural process as important and complex as photosynthesis in plants? Apart from being essential for life on our planet, the phenomenon of artificial photosynthesis is intriguing because it provides an incredible ability to capture light and energy, subsequently converting it into chemical energy with high-quantum efficiency. As a consequence of increasing economic and environmental interest, research on artificial photosynthesis has increased; an exponential growth has been seen from the 21st century onwards, with mastery of the phenomenon’s mechanisms being a major challenge to stimulate further development of the subject. Since the 20th century, there have been great expectations regarding further advancing the process of artificial photosynthesis due to the clear recognition of its importance for humanity. With increasing problems in the context of climate change and energy shortages, the possibility of using the core concepts of photosynthesis to contribute to advancing our knowledge on the generation of clean energy from water splitting and hydrogen production, and the recycling of CO2 into hydrocarbon compounds and/or fuels with ample added value has become increasingly important.
INNOVATIVE VECTORS IN THE CREATIVITY OF VOLODYMYR VESNIN, PEOPLE'S ARCHITECT OF UKRAINE
Authors: PODOLYNNYI S.I. , KAPLENKO D.D.
Published: March 2023

The multifaceted creative activity of the People's Architect of Ukraine Volodymyr Ivanovich Vesnin deserves to be systematized and widely presented. A bright and effective vector of V.I. Vesnin's legacy is his innovative design research. The buildings of the Regional Court (now the Court of Appeal of the Dnipropetrovsk Region), the River Station and the Central Bus Station are vivid examples of the newest architectural and urban planning solutions for their time. The purpose of the article: to explore the innovative vectors of V.I. Vesnin’s creativity. Tasks: To highlight the most striking objects of V.I. Vesnin's workshop, which have innovative features. To characterize individual vectors of innovative research. To create illustrative and essential material to supplement the relevant lectures for the academic disciplines at the Faculty of Architecture in PSACEA. Conclusions. 1. Among the most significant architectural ideas and projects of Vesnin's workshop with innovative features for the city are: The Central Bus Station, the River Station and the Regional Court. 2. In the creative legacy of V.I. Vesnin, the following main directions of innovative research can be distinguished: ideological: based on the principles of civil society formation in a democratic free state; stylistic: ambivalence in approaches to the formation for stylistic characteristics of architectural objects; urban planning: harmonious interaction of new buildings with the surrounding architectural context and natural basis; composite: the final product of architectural and urban planning activity − an architectural ensemble. The illustrative and substantive material of the article can be used to supplement the relevant lecture courses of the theoretical academic disciplines at the Faculty of Architecture in the Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION FOR THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE AND POLAND
Authors: KALDA G.S. , SHEVELYA V.V. , RYBALKA К.А. , ŻYWIEC J.
Published: March 2023

Problem statement. The problems of environment radioactive contamination are considered. The analysis of contamination is shown on studies of soil, water and air for the territories of Ukraine and Poland. Knowledge of radiation, its effects on living organisms and the environment, and methods of protection against radiation can help reduce the environmental hazards of radiation. During studying of disciplines related to radioactive contamination and radiation protection, it is necessary to emphasize to future specialists about possible threats from radiation, methods and means to reduce this type of contamination, and methods of protection for workers and the general population from radioactive irradiation. The purpose of the article is to analyse radioactive contamination of soil, air, surface waters of Ukraine and Poland, study the causes of contamination for different regions of these countries, monitor radioactive contamination of regions, protect the population from the negative effects of radiation. It is also necessary to train specialists who must professionally solve the problem of contamination, assess the risk of radionuclides entering natural sites and determine the best ways to reduce the negative impact of radiation on natural sites and the population. Conclusions. The study of problems related to the environmental contamination with radioactive elements is relevant both for our country and for all countries of the world. If we analyze this type of pollution in Ukraine, we need to carefully study the situation with radiation, and at least in neighboring countries, because there are no borders for this type of pollution.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE HEATING SYSTEM OF THE PSACEA HIGH-RISE BUILDING
Authors: KOSENKO L.V. , KOVAL O.O. , YURCHENKO Y.L. , TYMOSHENKO O.A.
Published: March 2023

The research aims to deepen the methodological and organisational-practical principles of energy efficiency for further application in the educational buildings thermal modernization.

The relevance of the work is to reduce energy consumption by increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. Based on the calculations and research, the following scientific and practical results were obtained:

- a technical inspection of the educational building heating system was conducted;

- a thermal imaging survey was conducted and infiltration thermal failures of the building's heating system were detected;

- the energy efficiency class of the building before thermal renovation is determined;

- economic expediency of the heating system thermal modernization was proposed and calculated.

- the energy efficiency class of the building after thermal renovation is determined.

As an outcome of obtaining scientific and practical results for the heating system thermal failures, indicating the need to introduce measures to reduce the amount of thermal energy losses, ways for the heating system thermal modernization are proposed.

The obtained scientific and practical implications of the research work can be used in the future on similar objects, as an example for increasing the energy efficiency level.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF OIL TANKS ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC CRITERIA WITH CONSIDERATION OF RELIABILITY
Authors: NASONOVA S.S.
Published: March 2023

Problem statement. According to state regulations, the main method of ensuring the reliability of steel vertical above-ground tanks for long-term storage of oil and petroleum products is the limit states method. This method ensures the reliability of tanks under the conditions and modes of operation envisaged by the relevant standards. However, issues relating to the reliability of tanks whose service life exceeds the normative one, as well as the economic efficiency of project decisions, require further scientific study. In this article, in accordance with the normative documents regulating the oil tanks design, the general method of oil storage tanks optimal design according to the criterion of minimum total expected costs while ensuring the required reliability level during a specified operation period is considered. Within the framework of this methodology, a model of optimal tanks design is formulated and an algorithm for its numerical realization is proposed. The results of numerical experiments using this model are given. The dependence of the rational values of the structural elements thickness for the tank with a volume of 5 000 cubic meters on the required level of reliability is investigated. The purpose of the article is to develop a method of making economically justified design decisions that ensure the required reliability level of oil tanks during a specified operation period, taking into account the current design standards. Conclusions. This article proposes an optimal oil tank design model formulated in terms of a non-linear mathematical programming problem with integer variables. With this model, rational design decisions can be made based on the criterion of the minimum total expected costs while ensuring the required reliability level during a specified operation period. The components of this model are the calculation models for assessing the reliability of the tanks, the parameters of which are determined based on the available results of statistical data processing from field surveys of similar objects. A special “greedy” algorithm was developed for the numerical realization of the proposed optimal design model. The obtained results show, in particular, that ensuring the oil tanks reliability is mainly related to ensuring the strength of the two lower wall belts and the tightness of the bottom. At the same time, the strength of the 1st belt has a key role. All this is in good agreement with the available data of field surveys and statistics of oil tanks capital repairs, which confirms the reliability of the obtained results.
THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: SOLOD L.V. , BEREZIUK H. H. , ADEHOV O.V. , TKACHOVA V. V.
Published: March 2023

Problem statement. Heat supply systems are one of the essential systems for life support. Heat production and consumption require a rational approach, which implies fulfilling the demand with minimal use of resources. In that case, the science-technical and practical demand for increasing the energy efficiency of the country's heat supply systems for the economy is evident, especially in post-war restoration. Ukrainian systems of heat supply have multiple unique features and issues, meaning solving this demand will require the analysis of the actual state of the country's heat supply system. The purpose of the article − to collect and analyze the info regarding the existing heat supply system issues, as well as detect the most crucial issues for increasing the systems’ energy efficiency and further research for optimal solutions. Conclusions. The general problem with the current stage of heat supply system development in Ukraine is defined, as well as the requirement for optimal use of centralized systems and smart decentralization of the heat supply. The relevance of such a formulation not only for Ukraine is confirmed by information analysis on the directions of development of heating systems in other countries. The relevance of this definition (not just for Ukraine) is proven by informational analysis regarding vectors of other countries' heat supply systems development. The complex block scheme of existing heat supply systems issues is provided. It can be used to provide a systematic approach to solving these issues, which will positively influence its efficiency. The collected analysis results are recommended for defining the research vectors and ways to improve the heat supply systems to increase their efficiency.
Rechtsstaatliche Lehren aus der Pandemie: Bevölkerungsschutz und Industrie 4.0.
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Ruthig Josef
Published: March 2023

Das Fazit meiner Ausführungen ist einerseits ernüchternd, aber anderseits auch optimistisch. Die historischen Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass auf Katastrophenfälle kurzfristig reagiert wird, teilweise auch mit langfristigen Entscheidungen. Hamburg etwa hatte nach der Flutkatastrophe von 1962 endlich den Deichausbau in Angriff genommen. Seither gab es eine ganze Reihe von Hochwasserlagen mit höheren Wasserpegeln, die ohne größere Schäden abgelaufen sind. Im Fall der Corona-Pandemie ist es viel weniger offensichtlich, worin die Vorbereitung bestehen kann. Meines Erachtens vor allem im Aufbau resilienter Strukturen, mit denen auf Großschadenslagen ganz unterschiedlicher Art reagiert werden kann. Denn außer der Pandemie gab und gibt es immer mehr Naturkatastrophen und leider auch kriegerische Auseinandersetzungen. Vielleicht könnte aber genau darin die Chance bestehen, dass man diese Aufgabe in Deutschland endlich angeht. Der Weg in die Digitalisierung und schließlich auch den Einsatz von KI hat sich jedenfalls beschleunigt. Die Aufgabe der Rechtswissenschaft besteht darin, diesen Prozess zu begleiten. Mit voreiligen Parallelen zu Notstandsverordnungen und Ermächtigungsgesetzen der Vergangenheit wird sie dieser Aufgabe nicht gerecht. Aber auch nicht mit dem pauschalen Verweis auf tatsächliche Ungewissheiten und daraus abzuleitende Einschätzungsprärogativen. Auch juristisch muss der Einsatz von KI primär als Chance begriffen werden, nicht als diffuse Gefahr für die Freiheit. Diese Aufgabe hat Karl Popper wie folgt auf den Punkt gebracht: „Wir müssen ins Unbekannte, ins Ungewisse, ins Unsichere weiterschreiten und die Vernunft, die uns gegeben ist, verwenden, um, so gut wir es eben können, für beides zu planen: Nicht nur für Sicherheit, sondern zugleich auch für Freiheit“ Popper, Die offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde, 7. Aufl. 1992, S. 239. Mit diesem Zitat schließt auch der Beitrag von Pagenkopf, Der freiheitliche Staat und die Wissenschaft in der Corona-Pandemie, ZRP 2022, 51. Und wie kann man sich dieser Aufgabe besser und angenehmer nähern als im Austausch mit Rechtswissenschaftlern aus anderen Rechtsordnungen. Und deshalb haben die Veranstalter dieser Tagung ein hervorragendes Thema gewählt. Ich bedanke mich noch einmal herzlich für die Einladung.
Briseis in the Chora? The Mother's Role in the Marriage Documents from Greco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Ellart Carlos
Published: March 2023

The presence of the mother in some marriage contracts in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt raises the question of whether her presence implies that she has recovered a role that she had played in historical periods prior to the formation of the polis or whether, on the contrary, it is a characteristic of this period and, if the latter, the point is whether it is a revival of an ancient Greek institution, or rather an influence of local law. It is also possible that the disappearance of the regulations of the polis in the Greek emigration led women to develop their activities with greater freedom and that the presence of the mother in marriage contracts simply reflected her new role in Hellenistic society, regardless of whether there was a historical precedent for doing so.
Effect of Temperature and Time of Reaction Of FeSO4 Synthesis and Characterization Of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles from Lathe Iron Waste
Authors: Sekar Arum Kriscylla , Astuti Herawati Dewi
Published: March 2023

The lathe industry produces 3-5 kg / month of lathe iron waste which has a negative impact on environmental pollution. However, iron lathe waste also has potential as a raw material for making ferrous sulfate and for making ferrous oxide.The synthesis of ferrous sulfate is carried out by mixing the lathe iron waste with 25% sulfuric acid with a variation of temperature (50; 60; 70) oC and time (5; 10; 15) minutes.The process of ferrous oxide synthesis is carried out by mixing ferrous sulfate crystals that have been formed with NaOH and then characterized into nanoparticles by SEM analysis.The results showed that the study produced ferrous sulfate from qualitative tests.The best temperature and time in the ferro sulfate synthesis process is at 70oC and 15 minutes with a yield of 7.52%.The results of SEM analysis measurements of the average ferrous oxide of 3 samples obtained a size of 39.1 nm

Abstrak
Industri besi bubut menghasilkan limbah besi bubut sekitar 3-5 kg/bulan yang menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap pencemaran lingkungan. Namun limbah besi bubut juga mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan ferro sulfat dan pembuatan ferro oksida. Sintesis ferro sulfat dilakukan dengan mencampurkan limbah besi bubut dengan asam sulfat 25% dengan variasi suhu (50; 60; 70)cC dan waktu (5; 10; 15) menit. Proses sintesis ferro oksida dilakukan dengan mencampurkan kristal ferro sulfat yang telah terbentuk dengan NaOH dan kemudian di karakterisasikan menjadi nanopartikel dengan analisis SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian menghasilkan ferro sulfat dari uji kualitatif. Suhu dan waktu terbaik pada proses sintesis ferro sulfat yaitu pada suhu 70oC dan waktu 15 menit dengan nilai rendemen 7,52%. Hasil pengukuran analisis SEM terhadap ferro oksida rerata dari 3 sampel  diperoleh  ukuran 39,1 nm.
Analysis of Timbal Metal (Pb) in a Carboned Canned Drink using Atom Absorption Spectrofotometer
Authors: Sara Maranatha Fransisca , Mahayana Argoto
Published: March 2023

Carbonated beverage cans are drinks that are supplemented with carbon dioxide (CO2), giving rise to gas bubbles to give freshness and quench your thirst when taken and drunk in cans. Cans are made of sheets coated with Tin (Sn) connected by an electric device such as soldered using Metal Lead (Pb) material, so that drinks can be contaminated by Metal Lead (Pb). Determination of Lead Metal (Pb) content in 3 different canned carbonated beverage brands is carried out by evaporating carbon dioxide (CO2) for 24 hours. Then the sample was acidified with concentrated HNO3 to pH <2 and filtered with Whatman filter paper No. 42, the resulting filtrate was analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. Based on the results of the study, it was found that Lead Metal (Pb) levels in 3 Different brands of carbonated beverages are sample A 0.004 mg / L; B 0.002 mg / L; C 0.003 mg / L with a maximum limit of Lead Metal (Pb) content is 0.005 mg / L according to SNI 3708-2015 about Soda Water.

Abstrak
Minuman berkarbonasi kemasan kaleng merupakan minuman yang ditambah dengan karbondioksida (CO2) sehingga menimbulkan gelembung – gelembung gas untuk memberi kesegaran dan pelepas dahaga saat diminum yang dikemas dalam kemasan kaleng. Kaleng terbuat dari lembaran yang disalut dengan Timah (Sn) yang disambung dengan alat listrik seperti disolder yang menggunakan bahan Logam Timbal (Pb), sehingga minuman dapat terkontaminasi oleh Logam Timbal (Pb). Penentuan kadar Logam Timbal (Pb) dalam 3 merk minuman berkarbonasi kemasan kaleng yang berbeda dilakukan dengan menguapkan karbondioksida (CO2) selama 24 jam. Kemudian sampel diasamkan dengan HNO3 pekat sampai pH < 2 dan disaring dengan kertas saring Whatman no.42, filtrat yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom pada panjang gelombang 283,3 nm.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kadar Logam Timbal (Pb) dalam 3 merk minuman berkarbonasi yang berbeda adalah sampel A  0,004 mg/L; B 0,002 mg/L; C 0,003 mg/L dengan batas maksimum kadar Logam Timbal (Pb) adalah 0,005 mg/L sesuai SNI 3708- 2015 tentang Air Soda.
The Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mass Variation and Time of Fermentation on Bioethanol production from Solid Waste of Palm Starch Using Simultaneous of Saccarification and Fermentation Methods
Authors: Putri Gayatri Nurul , Astuti Herawati Dewi
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of mass variation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and determine the optimum time required for the bioethanol fermentation process from solid waste of sugar palm starch. The fermentation process uses variations in yeast mass : 0.8 g / 100ml; 1.6 g / 100ml, 2.4 g / 100ml, 3.2 g / 100ml and fermentation time from start fermentation until the 7th days. This study uses the Simultaneous of Saccarification and Fermentation method, which is a combination of hydrolysis and fermentation processes simultaneously. Hydrolysis using a mixture of enzymes from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp and fermentation using yeast. The results showed that the mass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3.2 g / 100ml produced the highest bioethanol content of 4.7868% and the optimum time required for the fermentation process was 4 days.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi massa Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ragi roti) dan menentukan waktu optimum yang diperlukan untuk proses fermentasi bioetanol dari  limbah padat pati aren. Proses fermentasi menggunakan variasi massa ragi yaitu: ragi 0,8 g/100ml; 1,6 g/100ml, 2,4 g/100ml,  3,2 g/100ml  dan waktu fermentasi yaitu: awal fermentasi sampai hari ke 7enelitian ini menggunakan metode Simultaneous of Saccarification and Fermentation adalah gabungan proses hidrolisis  dan fermentasi secara serempak.Hidrolisis menggunakan campuran enzim dari Aspergillus niger dan Trichoderma sp dan fermentasi menggunakan ragi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3,2 g/100ml  menghasilkan kadar bioetanol paling tinggi 4,7868% dan waktu optimum yang diperlukan untuk proses fermentasi adalah 4 hari.
Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cultivication as A Single Cell Protein in Raceway Open Pond Bioreactor
Authors: Sumardiyono
Published: March 2023

Research on the cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in an open pond bioreactor has been carried out using seawater media. Cultivation using media with a depth of 10, 12 and 14 cm to the bottom of the pond, at a temperature of 30, 40 and 50 ° C. The light source is produced by a tube electric lamp (TL) with a power of 8, 15, 23 Watt. Microalgae growth was observed every 8 hours by measuring the density of the cells using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the depth of cultivation media, temperature, and light intensity affected the growth rate of C. reinhardtii microalgae. The highest number of C. reinhardtii microalgae cells was obtained at a culture media depth of 12 cm, a temperature of 45 ° C, and a light intensity of 15 watts with a cell number of 1.65 x 108. The fastest growth rate of C. reinhardtii microalgae was obtained at a culture media depth of 12 cm, a temperature of 40 ° C, and a light intensity of 23 watts with a k value of 2.71 x 10-2 cells / hour. The highest protein content was obtained at a culture media depth of 10 cm, a temperature of 45 ° C, and a light intensity of 15 watts with a protein content of 4.444 mg / 100 ml sample.

AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian kultivasi Chlamydomonas.reinhardtii dalam bioreaktor kolam terbuka (openpond bioreactor) dengan media air laut. Kultivasi dilakukan  dalam media dengan kedalaman 10 ,12 dan  14 cm terhadap dasar kolam, pada suhu 30, 40 dan 50°C. Sumber cahaya dihasilkan oleh lampu listrik tabung (TL) dengan daya 8, 15, 23 Watt. Pertumbuhan mikroalga diamati setiap 8 jam dengan  mengukur densitas selnya  menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kedalaman media kultivasi, temperatur, dan intensitas cahaya berpengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan mikroalga C. reinhardtii. Jumlah sel mikroalga C. reinhardtii terbanyak didapatkan pada kedalaman media kultur 12 cm, suhu 45 °C, dan intensitas cahaya 15 watt dengan jumlah sel sebanyak 1,65 x 108. Laju pertumbuhan mikroalga C. reinhardtii tercepat didapatkan pada kedalaman media kultur 12 cm, suhu 40 °C, dan intensitas cahaya 23 watt dengan nilai k sebesar 2,71 x 10-2 sel/jam. Kadar protein tertinggi didapatkan pada kedalaman media kultur 10 cm, temperatur 45 °C, dan intensitas cahaya 15 watt dengan kadar protein sebesar 4,444 mg/100 ml sampel.
Methylene Blue Adsorption With KOH Activated Carbon From Kluwak Shell
Authors: HR Yuliani , Alwina Elizabet , Ayu Ningsih Putri Zainal Isma , Adriani Idris Ida , Setiadi Haera , Musfira Adhar Andi
Published: March 2023

Kluwak is a plant whose meat is used as the main ingredient in making rawon. The flesh is located in the seed which taken of meat, leaves only the shell that has not been utilized and becomes waste. The use of kluwak shell directly as an adsorbent has not been maximized so that it is carbonized and activated using KOH. This study aims to utilize kluwak shell carbon without activation and KOH activation as adsorbent. Adsorption was carried out on methylene blue adsorption with 5 variations of concentration. Variations in KOH concentrations of 0, 1, 3 and 5 M and concentrations of methylene blue 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm. The study that was reviewed was how the effect of activation on the performance of the adsorbent by determining the Ce value using UV-Vis at a wavelength of 662 nm, calculating the % absorption, and maximum capacity (qm) using the Langmuir equation for each variable. Adsorption took place in a batch system for 90 minutes at a shaker speed of 300 rpm and the weight of kluwak shell carbon without activation (KTKTA) and Activation (KTKA) was 0.15 g. The results showed that the activation can improve the performance of the adsorbent. The average percent adsorbed for 0.15 g of adsorbent, 53.88% KTKTA and 99.96% KTKA. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) for KTKTA was 15.86 mg/g and 36.19 mg/g for KTKA on 5M KOH activation.

AbstrakKluwak merupakan tumbuhan yang dagingnya dimanfaatkan bahan utama dalam pembuatan rawon. Daging terletak dalam biji yang jika diambil isinya maka tertinggal hanyalah tempurung yang belum dimanfaatkan dan menjadi limbah. Penggunaan tempurung kluwak secara langsung sebagai bahan penjerap belum maksimal sehingga dikarbonkan dan diaktivasi menggunakan KOH. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan karbon tempurung kluwak tanpa aktivasi dan aktivasi KOH sebagai adsorben. Adsorpsi dilakukan pada penjerapan metilen biru dengan 5 variasi konsentrasi. Variasi konsentrasi KOH 0, 1, 3 dan 5 M dan konsentrasi metilen biru  20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100 ppm. Kajian yang ditinjau yaitu bagaimana pengaruh aktivasi terhadap kinerja adsorben dengan menentukan nilai Ce menggunakan UV-Vis pada Panjang gelombang 662 nm, menghitung % penjeran, dan kapasitas maksimum (qm) menggunakan persamaan Langmuir pada tiap variabel. Adsorpsi berlangsung dengan system batch selama 90 menit pada  kecepatan shaker 300 rpm dan berat karbon tempurung kluwak tanpa aktivasi (KTKTA) dan Aktivasi (KTKA) sebanyak 0.15 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja adsorben. Rata rata persen terjerap untuk 0.15 g adsorben,  KTKTA  53.88 % dan KTKA sebesar  99.96%. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum (qm) untuk KTKTA sebesar 15.86 mg/g dan 36.19 mg/g untuk KTKA pada aktivasi KOH 5M.