bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE GROWTH STRATEGIES ANALYSIS OF TEN WOODY PLANT SPECIES FOR EFFECTIVE REVEGETATION
Authors: Rindyastuti Ridesti , Sancayaningsih Retno Peni
Published: January 2019

The growth strategies of plant species show the ecological role which is reflexed by their adaptation to environments and competitiveness. Those are essential in the study of the revegetation effectiveness. However, the growth strategies of plant species in various types of habitats have not yet been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth strategies of ten woody plant species which were naturalized from mangrove to lowland habitats in relation to their effectiveness for revegetation program. The seedlingâ€™s growth was recorded during 4 months in Purwodadi Botanic Garden-LIPI from October 2014 to February 2015. Complete randomized design with plant species as a treatment using 3 replications was carried out to examine the plantâ€™s Relative Growth Rates (RGRs), their components, leaf nitrogen productivity and growth strategies.The study showed that RGRs of ten woody plants species varied across species. Based on the Pearson correlations, the plantâ€™s Net Assimilation Rates (NAR) and two ecological traits related to the root trait i.e. Nitrogen productivity and Specific Root Length (SRL) were strongly correlated with the RGRs. Heritiera littoralis, Diospyros discolor, Antidesma bunius, Schleichera oleosa, Madhuca longifolia and Syzygium cumini have high RGRs but low Specific Leaf Area (SLA). B. asiatica has relatively low RGRs and SLA, while Dracontomelon dao have high RGRs and SLA. It showed that most of plant species studied, except D. dao achieve growth rates and competitiveness by developing strategies through forming fine roots to maximize its ecological function in nutrients uptake. Most of woody plant species are adaptive to dry lowland habitat and only D. dao potentially occupy the ecosystem. Furthermore, D. discolor and S. oleosa are highly recommended for revegetation in degraded tropical lowland areas.
THE PECULIAR PETIOLE CALLUSES GROWTH OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR Ex situ CONSERVATION EFFORTS
Authors: Yuzammi Yuzammi , Tyas Kartika Ning , Handayani Tri
Published: January 2019

Amorphophallus titanum is a plant species endemic to Sumatera. Land degradation and illegal capture of hornbills (a distributor of A. titanum seeds) is leading to potential extinction of A. titanum in the wild. In order to conserve the species and save it from extinction, there is an urgent need to develop methods to propagate it both in situ and ex situ. The aim of this research was to discover environmental factors triggering callus growth from petiole cuttings of A. titanum in its natural habitat in Sumatera and to determine the viability of callus pieces as a propagation material. A completely randomized design with a single factor, i.e., callus size, was employed on five callus replicates. Each replicate consisted of four callus samples. The treatments consisted of three callus piece sizes i.e. 0.5 x.0.5 cm2, 1 x 1 cm2, 2 x 2 cm2. For each replicate, the following parameters of growth were assessed: the time of appearance of shoots; the shoot height when the first leaf fully opened; the petiole diameter; the diameter of the leaf lamina; and the number of young shoots. The results of our field observations showed that environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil influence the formation of the callus in the wild. The size of the callus affected the shoot and root growth. The best result was obtained from callus 2 cmÂ², which could produce 2â€“3 shoots with an average height of 18.8 cm at the time of first fully opened leaf. The collection of Â petiole calluses of A. titanum that formed in its natural habitat are recommended instead of carrying the tuber.This ex vitro calluses can be used as propagation materials and then it could be planted in the botanic gardens as one of ex situ conservation effort.
FLORA DIVERSITY, COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGY IN BESIQ BERMAI TROPICAL FOREST OF DAMAI DISTRICT, EAST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Sofiah Siti , Metusala Destario , Trimanto Trimanto , Nurfadilah Siti
Published: January 2019

Besiq Bermai Forest is part of Kalimantan forests known for vast plant diversity. The present study aimed to investigate flora diversity, composition, and ecology in Besiq Bermai Forest to support the management of biodiversity and forest conservation. Thirteen plots were established with different sizes of plots (100 m x 20 m plots for trees; 40 m x 5 m plots for saplings; and 5 m x 5 m plots for understory). Data recorded included plant species name and individual number of each plant species. Data analysed were Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance and Important Value Index. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine relationship between edaphic components and flora occurrence. The results showed that there were 93 species of trees (belonging to 48 genera and 22 families), 112 species of saplings (belonging to 62 genera and 43 families), and 48 species of understory (belonging to 28 genera and 20 families). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Hâ€™) were 6.05, 6.25 and 3.26 for tree, saplings and understory, respectively. The most common family for tree and saplings in the forest ecosystem in this area was Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea spp). Species of tree with the highest importance value index were Dillenia excelsa, Syzygium sp. and Shorea parvifolia. The highest importance value index for species of saplings were Macaranga triloba and Shorea parvifolia; and for species of understory were Phrynium jagorianum. Ecological (edaphic) factors affecting the occurence and establishment of flora in Bermai forest were total N and C/N ratio. The present study has implication for the management of biodiversity and forest conservation.
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING OF LAND USE CHANGE IN WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Siregar Pahrian Ganawira , Supriatna Jatna , Koestoer Raldi Hendro , Harmantyo Djoko
Published: January 2019

The main effects of human activities on the environment result in land use and land cover changes. Land over exploitation and development activities in West Kalimantan of Indonesia necessitated the focus of this research which aims to analyzing and predicting land use changes in West Kalimantan. The results of such a study assist researchers, planners and policy makers to formulate suitable land use policies in the future in order to balance economic development and natural resource conservation. Moreover, it makes Indonesia shift from middle incomes to become a developed country in 2030. Â Methodology employs field observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and system dynamics modeling. The field observation covered communities in several locations in the study site to identify pattern of land use. The system dynamics was applied to analyze the land use change system and estimate the extents of land cover change in the future. The study showed several outcomes: (i) The main leverage factors in the land use change system in West Kalimantan were the desire to reach the expected economic growth and the increased per capita consumption of edible oil globally; (ii) In the business as usual modeling, the increasing global demandÂ  for edible oil will lead to significant increment of oil palm plantation area, even the total area of plantation could be wider compare to that of the remaining forest area by 2030; (iii) Key interventions that need to be considered in the future is to conduct reforestation (with reforestation rate of at least 0.5% per year) and limited oil palm plantation development to maximum of 50% of developed Â area.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYXOBACTERIA FROM TWO OUTERMOST ISLANDS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Meliah Siti , Lisdiyanti Puspita
Published: January 2019

Myxobacteria are Gram negative bacteria commonly found in soil, tree bark, and decay wood. These bacteria have unique social behaviors by forming fruiting bodies, moving by gliding motility and preying on other microorganisms. The research was conducted to isolate, characterize, and identify indigenous myxobacteria from Sumba and Papua Islands of Indonesia as a preliminary step to utilize their potential in the pharmaceutical industry. Myxobacteria were isolated using filter paper and baiting with Escherichia coli to obtain cellulolytic and bacteriolytic myxobacteria, respectively. Characterization of myxobacteria was performed with Gram staining, observation on pigmentation, morphology of vegetative cells, fruiting bodies, and myxospores. Molecular identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 10 myxobacterial strains were successfully isolated and purified. All isolates obtained were Gram negative, rod shaped with yellow or orange pigmentation. Fruiting bodies observed contained spherical myxospores. Molecular identification of these bacterial strains showed that they belong to myxobacteria from suborder Cystobacterineae, namely Myxococcus fulvus, Myxococcus stipitatus, and Melittangium lichenicola. To our knowledge, this is the first record of their occurrence in Indonesia.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOSURFACTANTS PRODUCED BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 ISOLATED FROM A HYDROCARBON PHYTOREMEDIATION FIELD
Authors: Retnaningrum Endah , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: January 2019

The biosurfactants are used by several industrial sectors such as petroleum, agriculture, food production, chemistry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Because of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, they have potency to reduce surface tension, interfacial tension between water-hydrocarbon systems, and low micelle concentration. Their characteristics strongly depend on the producer strain as well as on the medium composition, such as carbon and nitrogen sources. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources of carbon (n-hexadecane, glycerol and glucose) and nitrogen (urea, NH4Cl and NaNO3) for the production of biosurfactants by a new strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 isolated from a rhizosphere of Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen, a hardwood plant species at a phytoremediation field. The biosurfactant characteristics of the strain were evaluated, particularly its surface-active properties and potential to remove hydrocarbon. Glycerol was found to be the optimum carbon source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 718 mg/L, 37%, and 35 mN/m, respectively. NaNO3 was observed as the optimum nitrogen source, with rhamnose concentration, emulsification index, and CMC of 290 mg/L, 30%, and 24 mN/m, respectively. These biosurfactants efficiently reduced surface tension of culture broth from 42 mN/m to 31 mN/m for the glycerol treatment and from 37 mN/m to 24 mN/m for the sodium nitrate treatment. The crude biosurfactants from the glycerol and sodium nitrate treatments also removed 87.5% and 84%, respectively, of crude oil from sand. These rates were higher than those of the chemical surfactants (SDS and Triton X-100). These findings indicate that the biosurfactants produced by the strain from both glycerol and NaNO3 treatments can efficiently decrease the interfacial tension of culture broth dilution and have a high emulsion index, thus hold promise in hydrocarbon bioremediation application.
FIRE SPOT IDENTIFICATION BASED ON HOTSPOT SEQUENTIAL PATTERN AND BURNED AREA CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih , Istiqomah Nalar , Syaufina Lailan
Published: January 2019

Indonesia has the world's largest tropical peatlands of about 14.9 million hectares that have important life support roles. However, fire frequently occurs in peatlands. According to experts and field forest fire fighters, fire hotspots that appear in a sequence of two to three days at the same location has a high potential of becoming a forest fire. This study aimed to determine the sequential patterns of hotspot occurrences, classify satellite image data and identify the fire spots. Fire spot identification was done using hotspot sequence patterns that were overlaid with burned area classification results. Sequential pattern mining using the Prefix Span algorithm was applied to identify sequences of hotspot occurrence. Maximum Likelihood method was applied to classify Landsat 7 satellite images toward identifying burned areas in Pulang Pisau and Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan and Pontianak in West Kalimantan. Sequence patterns were overlaid with image classification results. The study results show that in Pulang Pisau, 26.19% of sequence patterns are located in burned areas and 72.62% sequence patterns were found in the buffer of burned area within a radius of one kilometer. As for Palangkaraya, there were 62.50% sequence patterns located in burned areas and 87.50% sequence patterns in the buffer of burned area with the radius of one kilometer. In total, Â there were 72.62% and 87.50% fire hotspots recorded in Pisau and Palangkaraya, respectively which are strong indicators of peatland fires.
MODELLING NATURAL MORTALITY OF TROPICAL PLANTATION SPECIES Acacia mangium Willd.
Authors: Krisnawati Haruni
Published: January 2019

Natural mortality of trees is extremely variable due to the uncertainty and complexity of the functioning of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to develop a stand-level mortality model for Acacia mangium species by relating mortality to stand variables that affect the natural mortality process. The model was developed using data from l97 permanent sample plots measured periodically at 1-yr time intervals from 2-4 years until 8-11 years after planting in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is a logistic function predicting the probability of mortality incidence depending on stand density, site index and stand age. The second equation estimates the reduction in the number of surviving stems observed in a stand where natural mortality occurs. Nine equations were fitted using data from permanent sample plots where trees died over the time period and the best model was selected. Estimates from this second model were then adjusted by a factor equal to the probability of mortality applying three different approaches: probabilistic two-step, deterministic threshold and stochastic. All methods revealed no significant difference between the observed and the predicted number of surviving stems per ha. The probabilistic two-step approach, however, produced more consistent and the most accurate estimates. This method should provide reliable prediction when it is to be used in forest productivity prediction and management system for the species.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE FRUTICOSE LICHEN Ramalina FROM GUIMARAS ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Gazo Shenly Marie Tobias , Santiago Krystle Angelique Aguda , Tjitrosoedirjo Sri Sudarmiyati , Dela Cruz Thomas Edison E.
Published: January 2019

Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13â€“19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.
Two new species of Pyemotes closely related to P. tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae)
Authors: YU LICHEN , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , HE LIMIN
Published: January 2019

Two new species of Pyemotes are described: Pyemotes zhonghuajia sp. nov. parasitic on a variety of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera in China and Pyemotes turkeyensis sp. nov. parasitic on moths in Turkey.  Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossat & Montagne, 1851) in its revised concept is redescribed based on specimens from USA and Mexico. Keys to separate both adult males and females of these species are provided.  Grandjean’s notation for idiosomal and leg chaetotaxy is applied to the Pyemotidae.
The magellanic mollusca of Rochebrune and Mabille
Authors: PETIT RICHARD E.
Published: January 2019

The often confused authorship and date (1889) of Rochebrune & Mabille’s Mollusques portion of the Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn is explained. Other related papers of the 1880s by the same authors are examined and the Magellanic mollusks they named are listed with remarks on their current status. Comments in the literature about their work are quoted. The source of their material is explained.
Zoogeography of the echiuran fauna of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean (Phylum: Echiura)
Authors: BISESWAR RAMLALL
Published: January 2019

This report provides a checklist of the echiuran fauna of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean and analyses their distribution in relation to general biogeographic regions. Currently the echiuran fauna of the Indo-West Pacific comprises three families, 30 genera and 103 species. The family Bonelliidae contains 43 species in 21 genera; the Echiuridae is represented by eight genera and 58 species, and the Urechidae by two species, Urechis novaezealandiae (Dendy) and U. unicinctus (von Drasche). Investigations undertaken on this group of animals after the publication of the monograph by Stephen & Edmonds (1972) on the phyla Sipuncula and Echiura have revealed one new genus, 15 new species and several new records. This study shows that the Indo-Pacific has a high species diversity, comprising about 62% of the known world fauna. The West Indian Ocean is currently represented by 28 species; 55 species have been recorded in the Central Indo-West Pacific and 53 species in the West Pacific. Only four species are thought to be cosmopolitan while approximately 50 species appear to be endemic to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Members of the Echiuridae are usually found in shallow-waters of littoral and subtidal zones while bonelliids are inhabitants of deeper bottoms where cold temperatures prevail.
Revision of Megabeleses Takeuchi (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with description of two new species from China
Authors: WEI MEICAI
Published: January 2019

Megabeleses Takeuchi, 1952 is redescribed and a key to species provided. Megabeleses magnoliae, sp. nov. and M. xiaoi, sp. nov. from China are described. M. liriodendrovorax Xiao, 1993, M. crassitarsis Takeuchi, 1952 and M. tsurugiensis Togashi, 2008 are redescribed and illustrated based on types and new material.
A new species from southwestern China of the holarctic genus Odontothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: XIE YONGHUI , ZHANG HONGRUI , MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: January 2019

Odontothrips yunnanensis sp.n. is described from Yunnan in Southwestern China. Unlike most species of this Holarctic genus, the fore tarsi and fore tibiae do not have any teeth. The base of the sensorium on the sixth antennal segment is more than half as long as the total length of this sensorium, as is typical of species in the genera Odontothrips and Odontothripiella. In contrast, species of the Asian tropical genus Megalurothrips have the base of this sensorium less than 0.3 as long as the sensorium. Almost all species in these three genera breed only in flowers of Fabaceae. Males of this new species bear on tergum IX a pair of stout sigmoid processes.
Two new species of protoplophorid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Protoplophoridae) from Thailand
Authors: FUANGARWORN MARUT
Published: January 2019

Two new species of the oribatid mite family Protoplophoridae (Acari: Oribatida), Arthrhoplophora adjacentis sp. nov. and Protoplophora takensis sp. nov., collected from leaf litter of dry evergreen forest, are described and illustrated from Thailand. Arthrhoplophora adjacentis sp. nov. is unique in having the long ciliated rostral setae which are closely paired and bidactylous claws on pretarsi I, whereas pretarsi II–IV are tridactylous. Protoplophora takensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the presence of notogastral setae cp, seven pairs of genital setae and four-segmented palpi. Identification keys to species of Arthrhoplophora and Protoplophora are also provided.
The immature stages of the genus Trepobates Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), with an identification key to instars and the description of the nymphs of T. taylori (Kirkaldy)
Authors: KONOPKO SUSANA AMANDA , MAZZUCCONI SILVIA ANA
Published: January 2019

The egg and five instars of Trepobates are described based on examined material of T. taylori and published information of T. inermis, T. knighti, T. panamensis, T. pictus, T. subnitidus and T. trepidus. The characters most useful in identifying nymphs I– V of Trepobates are: the width of the head; the lengths of the antennae, femora 1–3, tibiae 2–3 and tarsus 2–3; the Y-shaped ecdysial line of the head; the colour patterns of the proand mesonotum; and the urosternites VIII and IX. A key to the five nymphal instars of Trepobates is provided. The five instars of T. taylori are described and illustrated for the first time, with emphasis on the morphometry and colour pattern of selected structures, and chaetotaxy of the antennae; the egg is figured and redescribed. The characters useful in identifying nymphs I–V of this species are: the colour pattern of the head; the chaetotaxy of the antennal segment I; the lengths of the antennal segment III and mesonotum; and the width of the pronotum. Differences between sexes in nymphs IV and V are presented.
The cricket genus Gymnogryllus (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Gryllini) from China with description of six new species
Authors: MA LIBIN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: January 2019

The article reports six new species in the genus Gymnogryllus from China. Photographs and illustrations of all species are provided as well as a key to the Chinese species in this genus.
Four new infaunal decapod crustaceans (Caridea: Alpheidae and Gebiidea: Axianassidae) from Lizard Island, Australia, one of them also occurring in Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: January 2019

Four new species of marine infaunal decapod crustaceans are described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Three of them belong to the caridean shrimp family Alpheidae, viz. Athanas shawnsmithi n. sp., Athanas daviei n. sp., and Athanopsis saurus n. sp.; all three were collected from burrows of unknown hosts. The fourth species, Axianassa heardi n. sp. from the burrowing mud-shrimp family Axianassidae, is described based on a male holotype from Lizard Island and an additional female specimen from Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia. The presence of a toothed diaeresis on the uropodal exopod and a well-developed epipod on the second maxilliped in A. heardi n. sp. are new characters for the genus Axianassa.
A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)
Authors: JIA TING , LIANG HONGBING , CHANG HUALI , REN DONG
Published: January 2019

A new genus and species of fossil trachypachid Fortiseode pervalimand Jia & Ren gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new fossil with large and strong mandibles, short and robust legs, and pronotum widest near apical angle differs from other members of Eodromeinae. It is the first record of fossil trachypachid from the Mesozoic Yixian Formation of Huangbanjigou, Liaoning, China.
A new species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Cerrado of Midwestern Brazil
Authors: DE FREITAS JOSEANA LUISA , STRÜSSMANN CHRISTINE , DE CARVALHO MARCOS ANDRÉ , KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO RICARDO ALEXANDRE , MOTT TAMÍ
Published: January 2019

A new species of Bachia is described from two localities in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, in Midwestern Brazil. The new species mostly resembles Bachia bresslaui in pholidosis and biometry, differing from this and from all other taxa from bresslaui group by the presence of two clawed digits in the forefeet.
New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: SALLES F. F. , LIMA M. M.
Published: January 2019

In the present work, based mainly on material from environmental protection areas in the State of Espírito Santo, we describe a new species of Miroculis (Miroculis). The male imago of M. (M.) caparaoensis, sp. nov. can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus by the following combination of characteristics: 1) dorsal portion of eyes on a short stalk, dorsal upper portion circular with 12–18 large-sized facets in longest row; 2) forewings with membrane translucid, longitudinal and crossveins brown; 3) abdominal color pattern; 4) posteromedian margin of styliger plate with small concavity; 5) penes length approximately 0.70 length of forceps segment 1. Miroculis (Ommaethus) mourei and M. (M.) fittkaui are reported for the first time from the region.
Erratum: YANG, XIUSHUAI & LIU, ZHIQI (2010) Notes on the genus Eumantispa Okamoto, 1910 from mainland of China (Neuroptera, Mantispidae). Zootaxa, 2669, 57–68.
Authors: YANG XIUSHUAI , LIU ZHIQI
Published: January 2019

(Erratum)
The water mite genus Aspidiobates Lundblad, 1941 from Australia (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae) with the description of two new species
Authors: SMIT HARRY
Published: January 2019

Two new species of the water mite genus Aspidiobates are described from Queensland, Australia, i.e. A. imperfectus n. sp. and A. neogeometricus n. sp. Many new records are given for eastern and south-eastern Australia. Finally, a key is provided for all Australian Aspidiobates species.
Review of the rare and little-known Chinese species of the family Taeniopterygidae (Plecoptera), with description of two new species of Kyphopteryx
Authors: DU YU-ZHOU , CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: January 2019

The species of the family Taeniopterygidae (Plecoptera) are reviewed from China. Two new Kyphopteryx species, K. yangi sp. nov. and K. coniformis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province of southwestern China. Additionally, a provisional key to the males of Taeniopterygidae known from China is provided.
The identity of the Bahama endemic field cricket Gryllus bryanti Morse (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Gryllini)
Authors: WEISSMAN DAVID B. , DE LUCA PAUL ANTHONY , JUDGE KEVIN A. , GRAY DAVID A.
Published: January 2019

The Bahama endemic field cricket, Gryllus bryanti Morse, 1905, previously known from only the lost female holotype, is redescribed, including designation of a neotype. Known only from Andros and Eleuthera Islands in The Bahamas, where it occurs with G. assimilis, it can be separated from the latter by song, tegmen file characteristics, head wider than pronotum, and genetics.
Weather Simulation Uncertainty Estimation Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Fonseca Ricardo M. , Rutledge Kendall , Martín-Torres Javier , Yu Jun
Published: January 2019

Estimates of the uncertainty of model output fields (e.g., 2-m temperature, surface radiation fluxes, or wind speed) are of great value to the weather and climate communities. The traditional approach for the uncertainty estimation is to conduct an ensemble of simulations where the model configuration is perturbed and/or different models are considered. This procedure is very computationally expensive and may not be feasible, in particular for higher-resolution experiments. In this paper, a new method based on Bayesian hierarchical models (BHMs) that requires just one model run is proposed. It is applied to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model’s 2-m temperature in the Botnia–Atlantica region in Scandinavia for a 10-day period in the winter and summer seasons. For both seasons, the estimated uncertainty using the BHM is found to be comparable to that obtained from an ensemble of experiments in which different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes are employed. While WRF-BHM is not capable of generating the full set of products obtained from an ensemble of simulations, it can be used to extract commonly used diagnostics including the uncertainty estimation that is the focus of this work. The methodology proposed here is fully general and can easily be extended to any other output variable and numerical model.
Investigating the Diurnal Evolution of the Cloud Size Distribution of Continental Cumulus Convection Using Multiday LES
Authors: van Laar Thirza W. , Schemann Vera , Neggers Roel A. J.
Published: January 2019

The diurnal dependence of cumulus cloud size distributions over land is investigated by means of an ensemble of large-eddy simulations (LESs). A total of 146 days of transient continental shallow cumulus are selected and simulated, reflecting a low midday maximum of total cloud cover, weak synoptic forcing, and the absence of strong surface precipitation. The LESs are semi-idealized, forced by large-scale model output but using an interactive surface. This multitude of cases covers a large parameter space of environmental conditions, which is necessary for identifying any diurnal dependencies in cloud size distributions. A power-law exponential function is found to describe the shape of the cloud size distributions for these days well, with the exponential component capturing the departure from power-law scaling at the larger cloud sizes. To assess what controls the largest cloud size in the distribution, the correlation coefficients between the maximum cloud size and various candidate variables reflecting the boundary layer state are computed. The strongest correlation is found between total cloud cover and maximum cloud size. Studying the size density of the cloud area revealed that larger clouds contribute most to a larger total cloud cover, and not the smaller ones. Besides cloud cover, cloud-base and cloud-top height are also found to weakly correlate with the maximum cloud size, suggesting that the classic idea of deeper boundary layers accommodating larger convective thermals still holds for shallow cumulus. Sensitivity tests reveal that the results are only minimally affected by the representation of microphysics and the output resolution.
Physical–Statistical Model for Summer Extreme Temperature Events over South Korea
Authors: Lim Won-Il , Seo Kyong-Hwan
Published: January 2019

Extreme temperature events have a significant impact on human life and property. Since the Korean Peninsula is affected by the high variability of the East Asian summer monsoon system, it is difficult to predict extreme temperature events skillfully. Here, we construct an empirical model to investigate the interannual variation of the frequency of summer extreme temperature events over South Korea by identifying predictors (explanatory variables) from ocean boundary conditions. The selected explanatory variables are sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Atlantic, the western North Pacific, and the eastern North Pacific. The cross-validated correlation skill of the statistical model constructed using a 23-yr dataset is estimated to be 0.77. A common feature that all three explanatory variables contain is the development of an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over the Korean Peninsula. The North Atlantic SSTA predictor acts as a forcing mechanism for the generation of Rossby wave trains downstream, developing an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower and upper troposphere over the Korean Peninsula. The western North Pacific (WNP) warm SSTA predictor induces a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the WNP and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over the Korean Peninsula, resembling the Pacific–Japan teleconnection mechanism that represents the northward Rossby wave propagation over the western Pacific. Through air–sea interaction, the tripolar SSTA pattern in the eastern North Pacific representing the North Pacific gyre oscillation induces two opposite precipitation anomalies in the equatorial Maritime Continent and the Philippine Sea. These diabatic anomalies excite northward-propagating Rossby waves that form a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the WNP area and an anticyclonic anomaly over the Korean Peninsula.
India beyond the Ganges: Defining Arakanese Buddhism in Persianate colonial Bengal
Authors: d’Hubert Thibaut
Published: January 2019

In the late eighteenth century a Scotsman returned from Bengal with one of the largest private libraries of Persian texts collected in the Subcontinent. Among those manuscripts were several volumes of translations of Arakanese and Pali texts into Persian, as well as quasi ethnographic accounts on Buddhism as it was practiced in what is seen today as the frontier region between South and Southeast Asia. In this article I look at this archive and the historical moment that surrounds its making in the perspective of the development of Buddhist studies. This large corpus of texts happened to be a false start in the history of the study of Theravāda Buddhism, but it constitutes a unique source to learn about local forms of Buddhism on the eve of the fall of the Arakanese kingdom and the integration of its religious institutions within the Burmese sangha. While discussing a selection of texts from this vast corpus, I pay special attention to the culturally layered transmission of knowledge on Arakanese Buddhism via the work of Bengali munshīs (i.e., Persian secretary). I argue that this layered transmission caused the almost immediate obsolescence of this corpus as a source of information in the early colonial context. However, for the cultural historian, those Persian texts contrast with the then emerging institutionalised orientalist discourses and offer a new vantage point for the study of Arakanese Buddhism.
The Editor’s Note: Getting real about school segregation
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: January 2019

Over the decades, Kappan has published dozens of articles on school segregation, but the topic remains as urgent as ever. While the articles in this issue take up a number of familiar themes — voluntary integration, teacher diversity, housing segregation, and more — they come at them in new and distinct ways, reflecting the difficult historical moment in which they were composed: Given the racial and ethnic divisions we face today, this is a time for realism and the pursuit of small victories in the ongoing fight against segregation.
Voluntary integration in uncertain times
Authors: Anderson Jeremy , Frankenberg Erica
Published: January 2019

Sixty-five years after the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, the federal and judicial role in school desegregation has declined. In a more difficult political and legal environment, it has fallen on school districts to develop and implement voluntary integration plans through diversity-minded student assignment policies. In this article, Jeremy Anderson and Erika Frankenberg discuss how many and what types of voluntary integration policies currently exist in the U.S. and assess how effective they are at reducing racial and socioeconomic segregation.
Unintended lessons of SEL programs
Authors: Soutter Madora
Published: January 2019

A mixed-methods study of a large social-emotional learning (SEL) program revealed notable disparities in the ways that teachers and students perceived the program’s impact. Teachers believed the initiative empowered students, while the students themselves described the program as one that emphasized compliance. Madora Soutter summarizes her findings and offers three recommendations for teachers and administrators implementing social and emotional learning initiatives: Evaluate the intention behind SEL programming to avoid a deficit mindset; anticipate implementation roadblocks, such as the tension between some SEL programs and the inherent power dynamics in schools; and actively, authentically listen to students.
The Australian Judicial System: The Proposed New Federal Superior Court
Authors: Barwick Garfield
Published: January 2019

Sir Garfield Barwick prepared this article some considerable time ago. It was in the hands of the publishers well before Sir Owen Dixon's retirement as Chief Justice of the High Court. The Review, including the article, was in course of printing when Sir Garfield's appointment as Chief Justice was announced on 23 April, 1964.
An Outline of Some Recommendations for the Amendment of the Bankruptcy Act
Authors: Clyne Thomas
Published: January 2019

The Committee appointed to review the bankruptcy law of the Commonwealth has made many proposals for its amendment. The Report containing these proposals has been presented to the Attorney-General of the Commonwealth. In this article some of the more important of these proposals will be examined.
The Limitation of Appeals to the Privy Council from the High Court of Australia, from Federal Courts other than the High Court, from the Supreme Courts of the Territories and from Courts Exercising Federal Jurisdiction
Authors: Mason A. F.
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this article is to review the limitations that will be imposed by the Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Bill on appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council from the High Court of Australia, federal courts other than the High Court, and the Supreme Courts of the Territories as well as the limitations and restrictions which now apply to appeals to the Privy Council from the High Court and courts exercising federal jurisdiction.
Australia's Two-Airline Policy—Law and the Layman
Authors: Richardson J. E. , Poulton H. W.
Published: January 2019

One is not often called upon to review for a law journal a book which is not written either by a lawyer or specifically for a lawyer. Mr Stanley Brogden's Australia's Two-Airline Policy is such a book and its paper jacket states that the book is of particular interest for students of economics, public administration, business administration, political science and for general readers and libraries. Since, however, the Melbourne University Press is noted for its publication of serious and scholarly works, and further, because the two-airline policy cannot properly be understood without an adequate grasp of the legal and constitutional framework in which it operates, it seems quite proper to make an assessment of Mr Brogden's work. Mr Brogden is a very experienced aviation writer as the book will quickly demonstrate. It is the purpose of this review not only to assess the book on its merits but also to supplement the account of the two-airline policy by a closer examination of legal issues and some observations on the future implications of the policy.
The Commonwealth Grants Power
Authors: Campbell Enid
Published: January 2019

The Commonwealth grants power refers to the legislative power conferred by section 96 of the federal Constitution. Section 96 provides that:

During a period of ten years after the establishment of the Commonwealth and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides, the Parliament may grant financial assistance to any State on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit.

There is no exact counterpart of this section in the United States Constitution, though Congress has authority to make grants to States under the so-called General Welfare clause—section 8 of Article I—which declares that:

The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.
Contempt of Parliament — Instrument of Politics or Law?
Authors: Pearce D. C.
Published: January 2019

Recent proceedings brought in the South Australian and Victorian Parliaments against persons alleged to be in contempt of Parliament and a report relating to the penal jurisdiction of Parliament that was presented to the House of Commons in 1967 have once again raised the issue whether Parliament is a proper body to exercise the power to punish certain conduct as contempt.
Begging for change: Hijras, law and nationalism
Authors: Saria Vaibhav
Published: January 2019

This article begins by examining multiple drafts of a parliamentary legislation that aims to provide rights and reservations to transgender persons in India, so as to trace the ways in which hijras have been absorbed into the discourse of nationalism. The most current draft of this bill, ‘The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill of 2016’ shows that despite claims to protect transgender citizens, the state uses the discourse of nationalism to justify the increased governmentalisation of hijra bodies and lives. I bring attention to the state’s insistence on the distance between homosexuals and hijras and the active endorsement of Sexual Reassignment Surgery to argue that the legislations are consolidating heterosexuality rather than making space for queer citizens. The project of heterosexualisation marks the disjuncture between colonial and contemporary ambitions of policing hijras, which have remained remarkably consistent and centred around their economic activity of begging. Based on ethnographic research conducted in rural Odisha, I question the glossing of hijras’ practice of seeking alms or challa as begging, to show how limits of nationalism are drawn and render hijra forms of being as incommensurable with the state.
Robust nonlinear H∞ output-feedback control for flexible spacecraft attitude manoeuvring
Authors: Bai Huihui , Huang Chunqing , Zeng Jianping
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a robust nonlinear H∞ output-feedback control approach for attitude manoeuvring of flexible spacecraft with external disturbances, inertia matrix perturbation and input constraints. By applying Lyapunov stability theory and using the generalized S-procedure and sum of squares (SOS) techniques, the robust H∞ output-feedback attitude control problem is converted into a convex optimization problem with SOS constraints when the flexible spacecraft is modelled as a polynomial state-space equation with polytope uncertainties. As a result, it overcomes the difficulty in constructing Lyapunov function and implementing numerical computation caused by the non-convexity of output-feedback H∞ control design for nonlinear systems. Moreover, it enables the state-observer and the controller to be designed independently and hence the complexity of the control algorithm is reduced remarkably. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Coverage control of multi-agent systems with different entry times
Authors: Ma Longbiao , He Fenghua
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a coverage problem of multi-agent systems, in which a group of agents enter a given region at different times and are required to cover the given region cooperatively. The focus of this paper is to solve the coverage problem of multi-agent systems with a non-convex optimization approach. By introducing appropriate assumptions, a gradient-based control law is designed based on the information of the previous stage agents. However, the performance index of each stage is nonlinear and generally non-convex and may have multiple local optima to which a gradient may converge. Thus, an effective boosting function, which is used to prevent the non-convex optimization problem getting into local optimum, is shown. It is proved in the sense of Lyapunov that the global coverage for the multi-agent systems with different entry time for coming into the given region can be achieved. Numerical simulations with cooperative control of industries subsystems show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
State Ownership and Political Connections
Authors: Tihanyi Laszlo , Aguilera Ruth V. , Heugens Pursey , van Essen Marc , Sauerwald Steve , Duran Patricio , Turturea Roxana
Published: January 2019

The influence of the state on firms in the global economy is alive and well. States have become dominant owners of companies in many countries around the world. Firms have also increasingly established political connections to access resources and improve their competitive positions. Nonetheless, our understanding of how state ownership and political connections affect firm performance remains limited and marked by conflicting findings. Using meta-analytical techniques on a sample of 210 studies spanning 139 countries, we examine two key research questions: (a) How do state ownership and political connections affect firm strategies and financial performance? and (b) How does firm-level strategic decision making mediate the relationships between state ownership, political connections, and firm financial performance? Our findings show that state ownership has a small negative effect on firm financial performance and that political connections have no direct consequences for performance. However, we find evidence that both state ownership and political connections have a profound effect on the strategies firms pursue, such as financial leverage, R&D intensity, and internationalization, and that these strategies play a mediating role in the state ownership–firm performance relationship. We conclude with some suggestions for fruitful future research in further connecting these two important and timely research fields.
Examining Digital Messaging Applications for Postsecondary Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Smith Cate C. , Cihak David F. , McMahon Don D. , Coleman Mari Beth
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using mobile technology applications to improve digital communication skills in four postsecondary students with intellectual disability. An alternating treatment design was used to compare the effectiveness of three mobile technological applications to improve digital communicative interactions. Digital communication skills included sending and receiving text, audio, and video messages. The results indicate that all students improved the quality and independence of digital communicative interactions. Findings are discussed in the context of teaching the use of technology to improve communication in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Acute Coronary Syndrome Symptom Clusters: Illustration of Results Using Multiple Statistical Methods
Authors: Ryan Catherine J. , Vuckovic Karen M. , Finnegan Lorna , Park Chang G. , Zimmerman Lani , Pozehl Bunny , Schulz Paula , Barnason Susan , DeVon Holli A.
Published: January 2019

Researchers have employed various methods to identify symptom clusters in cardiovascular conditions, without identifying rationale. Here, we test clustering techniques and outcomes using a data set from patients with acute coronary syndrome. A total of 474 patients who presented to emergency departments in five United States regions were enrolled. Symptoms were assessed within 15 min of presentation using the validated 13-item ACS Symptom Checklist. Three variable-centered approaches resulted in four-factor solutions. Two of three person-centered approaches resulted in three-cluster solutions. K-means cluster analysis revealed a six-cluster solution but was reduced to three clusters following cluster plot analysis. The number of symptoms and patient characteristics varied within clusters. Based on our findings, we recommend using (a) a variable-centered approach if the research is exploratory, (b) a confirmatory factor analysis if there is a hypothesis about symptom clusters, and (c) a person-centered approach if the aim is to cluster symptoms by individual groups.