bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining Negative Associations From Medical Databases Considering Frequent, Regular, Closed and Maximal Patterns
Authors: Jammalamadaka Sastry Kodanda Rama , Budaraju Raja Rao
Published: November 2023

Most of the research in data mining concentrated on finding the positive associations that exist in frequent patterns. Frequent patterns have no bearing on the time duration and, therefore, lose interestingness. The Regularity of an itemset is related to the time at which the transaction occurred and the time distance between the transactions. Frequent Regular item sets can be generated considering the Frequency and the Regularity of the occurrence of the Item Sets. The frequent and regular Item sets will be so huge that they cannot be handled in real time. The count of Frequent and regular item sets gets reduced drastically when the properties “closed” and “Maximality” are applied. Finding negative associations among such patterns are important in the field of medicine. Many drugs administered to cure some diseases have counter reactions leading to many other diseases. Negative associations among the mined patterns are important as they reveal significant contradictions frequently among medical drugs administered by medical practitioners to cure some diseases. This paper proposes a method that mines medical databases to find regular, frequent patterns applied with closed and maximal properties and find negative associations among those patterns. The proposed algorithm is accurate to 98% and performs 9% more efficiently than the other algorithms presented in the literature.
A Close Relationship Between Weight Status, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Italian Late Adolescents
Authors: Lazzeri Maria Francesca Lodovica , Mastorci Francesca , Piaggi Paolo , Doveri Cristina , Marinaro Irene , Trivellini Gabriele , Casu Anselmo , Devine Caleb , Ait-Ali Lamia , Vassalle Cristina , Pingitore Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth with different factors that contribute to health and well-being. In this view, an important role is played by body weight and its perception. The aim of this study was to determine, in a sample of Italian late adolescents, whether health related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the different weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese), even considering sex differences. Data were collected from 1826 adolescents (n=735 males). HRQOL was analyzed using the Italian version of KIDSCREEN-52. Overweight adolescents showed a reduced psychological well-being (p<0.05) and self-perception (p<0.05), then other BMI categories. Subjects with obesity reported an increased bullying victimisation (p<0.05), reduced self-perception and eating disorders (p<0.001), while underweight were characterised by an altered adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p<0.001), eating disorders (p<0.001), and problematic use of social media (p<0.05). No sex differences were found, except for socio-economic status perception, where underweight girls reported a higher economic well-being than boys (p<0.05). Our results may suggest that there is an association between weight status categories and HRQoL, more pronounced in underweight and overweight adolescents. The association between BMI categories and psychosocial dimensions opens the need to define specific domains on which such preventive interventions should focus, always through a personalized perspective.
The Effect of Model Similarity on Exercise Self-Efficacy Among Adults Recovering from a Stroke: A Mixed-Method Single Case Experimental Research Design
Authors: Pastore Olivia , Jarry François , Zou Jammy , Tomasone Jennifer R. , Martin Luc J. , Pagé Véronique , Sweet Shane
Published: November 2023

We used a mixed-method single-case experimental research design to examine the effect of modelling (peer versus non-peer) on exercise self-efficacy in stroke survivors who participated in a community-based exercise program. Quantitative data were obtained using a ABCA design: (A1) no model/baseline 1 (3 weeks); (B) peer model (6 weeks); (C) non-peer model (6 weeks); and (A2) no model/baseline 2 (3 weeks). Four participants completed self-efficacy questionnaires after each weekly session. Qualitative data were obtained using researcher diaries and two semi-structured interviews: after B and A2. Based on quantitative and qualitative results, participants reported higher exercise self-efficacy in the model conditions, with ratings appearing highest for the non-peer model. This finding could be due to a lack of full integration of the peer model and low feelings of similarity. Modelling in general could help people recovering from a stroke increase their exercise self-efficacy, but non-peer models may not be most advantageous.
Blood Cell Revolution: Unveiling 11 Distinct Types with ’Naturalize’ Augmentation
Authors: Abou Ali Mohamad , Dornaika Fadi , Arganda-Carreras Ignacio
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we redefine the boundaries of blood cell classification, expanding from 5 to 11 distinct blood cell types using the challenging 11-class PBC dataset. This shift enables a deeper understanding of blood cell diversity, overcoming previous limitations in medical image analysis. Our approach combines state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, including pre-trained ConvNets, ViTb16 models, and custom CNN architectures. We employ transfer learning, fine-tuning, and ensemble strategies, such as CBAM and Averaging ensembles, to achieve unprecedented accuracy and interpretability. Our fully fine-tuned EfficientNetV2 B0 model sets a new standard, with a macro-average precision, recall, and F1-score of 91%, 90%, and 90%, respectively, and an average accuracy of 93%. This breakthrough underscores the transformative potential of 11-class blood cell classification for more precise medical diagnoses. Moreover, our groundbreaking "Naturalize" augmentation technique produces remarkable results. The 2K-PBC dataset generated with "Naturalize" boasts a macro-average precision, recall, and F1-score of 97%, along with an average accuracy of 96% when leveraging the fully fine-tuned EfficientNetV2 B0 model. This innovation not only elevates classification performance but also addresses data scarcity and bias in medical deep learning. Our research marks a paradigm shift in blood cell classification, enabling more nuanced and insightful medical analyses. The "Naturalize" technique’s impact extends beyond blood cell classification, emphasizing the vital role of diverse and comprehensive datasets in advancing healthcare applications through deep learning.
Tranexamic Acid Is Safe in Patients with a History of Venous Thromboembolism Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Richardson Mary K. , Liu Kevin C. , Mayfield Cory K. , Kistler Natalie M. , Lieberman Jay R. , Heckmann Nathanael D.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is increasingly utilized during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) to decrease blood loss; however, there are concerns with regard to potential thromboembolic complications, particularly in high-risk patients. This study sought to define a subset of patients at elevated risk for thromboembolic complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and to compare postoperative outcomes between patients who received TXA and those who did not.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary, elective TJA from 2015 to 2021 were identified in the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with a history of venous thromboembolism, defined as a history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, were identified and formed the high-risk cohort. Patient demographic characteristics, hospital factors, patient comorbidities, antithrombotic medication use, perioperative blood transfusion, and 90-day complications were assessed and compared between patients who received TXA and those who did not. Univariate regression and multivariable regression were performed to account for potential confounders.

Results:

The high-risk cohort comprised 70,759 patients who underwent TJA, of whom 46,074 (65.1%) received TXA and 24,685 (34.9%) did not. After controlling for confounding factors, patients in the TXA cohort had similar risks of pulmonary embolism (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79 to 1.02]; p = 0.097), stroke (adjusted OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.37]; p = 0.867), and myocardial infarction (adjusted OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.24]; p = 0.614) compared with patients who did not receive TXA. Patients who received TXA demonstrated decreased risks of transfusion (adjusted OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.46]; p < 0.001) and 90-day readmission (adjusted OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80 to 0.94]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

TXA utilization was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary embolism, stroke, or myocardial infarction in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, patients who received TXA had a decreased risk of transfusion and readmission. This evidence suggests that TXA may be safely utilized among select high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Metallosis in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Anderson , Paiement Guy D. , Penenberg Brad L. , Rajaee Sean S.
Published: November 2023

» Metallosis is a rare but significant complication that can occur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for a variety of reasons but most commonly in patients with metal-on-metal implants.

» It is characterized by the visible staining, necrosis, and fibrosis of the periprosthetic soft tissues, along with the variable presence of aseptic cysts and solid soft tissue masses called pseudotumors secondary to the corrosion and deposition of metal debris.

» Metallosis can present with a spectrum of complications ranging from pain and inflammation to more severe symptoms such as osteolysis, soft tissue damage, and pseudotumor formation.

» Workup of metallosis includes a clinical evaluation of the patient's symptoms, imaging studies, serum metal-ion levels, and intraoperative visualization of the staining of tissues. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein along with intraoperative frozen slice analysis may be useful in certain cases to rule out concurrent periprosthetic joint infection.

» Management depends on the severity and extent of the condition; however, revision THA is often required to prevent rapid progression of bone loss and tissue necrosis.
Buku Ajar Dasar Konversi Energi
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Anshory Izza , Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin , Wisaksono Arief
Published: November 2023

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat dan karunianya sehingga Buku Ajar Konversi Energi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Buku ajar ini dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo dalam proses perkuliahan serta memberikan petunjuk praktis agar mahasiswa mendapatkan gambaran secara jelas dalam materi mata kuliah Dasar Konversi Energi.
Benedetto Croce. A Question of Method in the History of Philosophy. Preface, translation and commentaries
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rossius J. G.
Published: November 2023

This publication presents a translation into Russian of Benedetto Croce’s essay from one of his later books “Philosophy and Historiography”. Here he raises the question of how the historian of philosophy should interpret those moments when the reasoning of a philosopher who is being studied is accidentally or deliberately not cleared up by him, or its development stops at a certain point. Considering the possible reasons for this, Croce touches on several themes to which his ear­lier writings were devoted and to which he returned throughout his scholarly life. Thus, he draws attention to the contradiction in the theory of knowledge of G. Vico, which consists in the applica­tion of the principle of verum-factum not only to history, but also to the mathematical sciences: on the one hand, only God can achieve truth in knowledge of nature, since he created nature, and on the other hand, truth in mathematics is available to man, since he “creates” mathematical ele­ments and operations, and with them the method of natural science. Croce also points as an exam­ple to one of the contradictions in Hegel’s philosophy of nature, which consists in the confu­sion of empirical and speculative methods. It led to the endowment of the natural sciences with the status of “semi-philosophy”, to the untrue application of dialectics to the facts and concepts of the natural sciences. Convinced that the verum-factum formula can be combined with the teaching of absolute spiritualism, Croce warns against attributing such a connection to Vico himself, as this would mean incorporating later experience and a state of knowledge into his theory.
From Charles Secretan’s Сorrespondence with Felix Ravaisson. Secretan to Ravaisson. Preface, translation and commentaries
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vizgin V. P.
Published: November 2023

The article is dedicated to an unexplored subject in the history of spiritualism in the 19th century and considers two of its prominent representatives – the famous French spiritualist Felix Ravais­son (1813–1900) and the Swiss thinker Charles Secrétan (1815–1895). The author uses not only biographical material, but also such unstudied documents as Secretan’s article on the philosophy of Ravaisson and his letter to him, accidentally discovered by Ch. Devivaise in Ch. Renouvier’s archive. The author shows that the dependence of both philosophers on Schelling was not so much the direct influence of the German philosopher on their thought as an internal relationship with his thought. The article shows that Ravaisson’s emphasis on the aesthetic component of understanding the world as the self-development of the spirit contrasts with the moral optics of Secrétan’s meta­physics. In addition, the philosophy of Ravaisson was formed on the basis of the Christianly rethought metaphysics of Aristotle, while the philosophy of Secrétan has as its starting point the moral and religious thought of Kant. However, the pathos of the universal striving for the best, the highest, the excellent on the path of sacrificial service and self-giving indissolubly unites these spiritualist philosophers. In the Appendix to the article, the author gives a translation of the men­tioned letter of Secrétan to Ravaisson.
Excerpts from Khalil Rahimov’s book “Himayat al-awliya’ min ihanat al-agwiya’” [The Protection of the Saints from the Abuse of Erring Men]. Preface, translation and commentaries
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nasyrov I. R.
Published: November 2023

The present article reveals insufficiently studied aspects of Islamic Mysticism (Sufism) in Russia’s Volga-Ural region at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in the context of modern­ization in late imperial Russia. A special attention is paid to the analysis of the contribution made by pedagogue, Sufi and scholar Khalil Rahimov to moderate Muslim reformism. He led extramu­ral polemic with outstanding Russian Muslim reformists on the ways of development of the Mus­lim community, the role of Islamic Mystical tradition (Sufism) in the life of Muslims. He criticized their religious and philosophical teachings and views on the issues of faith and reason, the adapta­tion of scientific achievements and cultural models of advanced countries. Khalil Rahimov be­lieved that Muslim education, culture and society should be developed without undermining the foundations of religion. Alongside the research, the article provides a Russian annotated trans­lation of excerpts from Khalil Rahimov’s book “Himayat al-awliya’ min ihanat al-agwiya’” [The Protection of the Saints from the abuse of erring men].
Nature, spirit, and their logic. Hegel’s 'Encyclopae­dia' of the theoretical sciences as universal semantics
Authors:   University of Leipzig (Germany), Stekeler-Weithofer Pirmin
Published: November 2023

Hegel’s so-called system of philosophy is a speculative, i.e. meta-level or topical reflec­tion on the logical roles of concepts in world-related empirical knowledge. Its main in­sight is that the so-called explanations in the science are a result of a world-wide work on ‘the concept’, the translatable semantics of our languages, which form a relatively a priori and generic precondition for concrete assertions and their understanding.
‘Existent Golden Mountain’ as main problem of Meinong’s theory
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russia), Seliverstov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2023

This paper considers different views on existent golden mountain problem, the subject of dispute within the framework of the discussion between Alexius Meinong and Bertrand Russell, which took place in the period from 1904 to 1920. Namely, we are talking about Russell’s argument that Meinong’s theory contains a contradiction re­garding different types of existence. According to Russell, it turns out that Meinong thought that the existent golden mountain exists, but it does not exist. The entire dis­cussion was divided into several stages. During the discussion, the conceptions of both authors changed, as well as their attitude to each other’s theories and the formu­lation of the problem. Russell at fiesta thought that it’s wrong to assert that there can be any correct propositions about non-existent objects like the current king of France, the golden mountain, or a round square. At that stage of the discussion the theory of Meinong did not have sufficient tools to clarify its position on this issue. This problem was solved only ten years later, but the problem of the “existing golden mountain” re­mained and was never sufficiently clarified by Meinong. Meinong agreed with Russell that, according to his theory, it follows “The existing golden mountain exists, but does not exist” is correct proposition, but at the same time pointed out that the concept of ‘existence’ is used in a different sense. Commentators and followers of Meinong (Ernst Mally, John Findlay, Dale Jacquette) believed that this refinement did not solve the problem, and therefore offered their own solutions in the framework of the theory of objects.The purpose of this study is to find out whether the methods proposed by them really solve the problem of the existent golden mountain, whether they violate any principles of the Meinong theory, and finally, whether it is possible to solve this problem.
Natural attitude of consciousness: the scheme of universality and the scheme of experience
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (Russia), Solondaev Vladimir K. , Ivanova Inna V. ,   Ivanovo State Medical Academy (Russia)
Published: November 2023

A.V. Smirnov’s theory of the Logic-of-sense is based on the difference between two lo­gics: the logic of substance and the logic of process. Their difference can be examined us­ing the theory of preconceptual experience based on the notion of scheme. A.V. Smirnov has formulated the natural setting of consciousness: existence of the outside world and the Self, their uniqueness and their permanency. As the result of analysis of the natural setting of consciousness the authors singled out two main schemes: the experience scheme and the universality scheme. The schemes are discussed using a thought experi­ment: the treatment of pneumonia by doctors who understand their own actions using different logics. It is demonstrated that each scheme is valid in both logics. Still, the psychological and objective-practical content of the schemes changes. Experience in process logic is the process which is naturally given to consciousness. Perception of the course of an ailment by a doctor is an example. This perception can be empiri­cally wrong but it cannot be confused with another process, such as remembrance of the manifestations of the disease known to the doctor from literature. Experience in the substance logic, by contrast, is just one of the properties of the disease known from the literature: “it is possible to perceive it by senses in a given situation”. Experi­ence that is conceived substantially is often denoted as qualia. The universality scheme in process logic is often realized as a universality of the process: the course of the dis­ease is not changing if the observer is changed, though the experience of the course can be different. Universality scheme in the substance logic is realized as universality of the result of the observation: “I see the same thing that any other doctor would see”. It follows that the universality scheme understood substantially is a generalization of the results of observations of different observers. Realizations of both schemes can be empirically correct but both have their limitations.
Heidegger, Nothingness and the overcoming of the fear of death
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Gaginsky Alexey M.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the “philosophy of anxiety” of early Heidegger. The influence of Niet­zsche on the young philosopher is noted, as well as the traumatic experience of World War I, which very strongly influenced the worldview of the author of Being and Time, making him reconsider, among other things, his attitude to the “system of Catholicism”. The article examines Heidegger’s description of the situation where one is seized by anxiety, where one would not expect it at all, where one normally feels at home. Normally, being fallen, that is, being in the world and bustling with daily chores, one feels secure in the midst of beings, at home. However, something happens to him that robs him of his tranquility. This occurs because the existent (Dasein) is disturbed im Grunde seines Seins, at the core of his being; one is aware of his own mortality and the finitude of being, which constitutes a threat, opening the possibility of anxiety (immortal beings, such as angels, treat being dif­ferently, for them the analysis of Dasein is irrelevant). Fear belongs to the ontic, it relates to the fallen state. When one ascends to the Nothingness, which is revealed as Being, that is, when one rises above being in some respect, one surpasses fear as well. In the course of the article, the question of translating some of Heidegger’s concepts into Russian is dis­cussed, which is an urgent task for the Heideggerian studies.
Pilate’s Apology (The Experience of Reconstructing the Moral Motives of a Historical Person)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kocherov Sergey N.
Published: November 2023

In modern Russian, “apology” usually implies glorification, praising someone, sometimes with ironic overtones. In this article, it is used in the sense that goes back to the ancient Greek ἀπολογία, which meant justification from external attacks. It may seem strange that the topic of the acquittal of a person who, as many people think, has passed the most unfair verdict in history is stated. As the man who condemned Jesus to death, Pilate, of course, bears full responsibility for his sentence. But until now, more attention has been paid to the analysis of the legal grounds for this decision than the moral motives that caused it. Pi­late is usually accused of being aware of Jesus’ innocence and even trying to protect the de­fendant, he condemned him to crucifixion – under pressure from the crowd or out of fear that he would be denounced to the emperor Tiberius. Thus, many authors – from the Apostle John to Mikhail Bulgakov – considered the main reason for Pilate’s refusal to further at­tempts to save Jesus to be his moral weakness, or, more simply, cowardice. The article will attempt to prove that the Pilate made his decision not out of fear for his life and career, but due to higher moral motives.
Wolf L. Gordin. Philosophy of Relativity. Preface, translation and commentaries
Authors:   Alexander Solzhenitsyn Centre for the Study of the Russian Diaspora, Gerasimov Nikolai I.
Published: November 2023

The publication consists of two parts: an introduction to the problems of researching W.L. Gordin’s creative legacy and a translation of his article, published in 1926 in Columbia University magazine “The Journal of Philosophy”, from English into Russian. The author emphasizes that it is impossible to write the biography of the Russian thinker until the emigrant period of his life is studied. Besides, the introduction says that historians mostly focus their attention on the sociopolitical side of W.L. Gordin’s life, rather than on his ideas, which, in fact, determined his actions throughout his life. The author believes that the publication of this source will make it possible in the future to begin large-scale work on the study of the philosophical heritage of the thinker during his forced emigration from Russia.
St. Petersburg Bessarion of fin de siècle. (Review on A.A. Giovanardi “Pensare il confine. Vladimiro Zabughin tra Oriente e Occidente”. Roma: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2021. 274 p.)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kusenko Olga I.
Published: November 2023

The art historian Alessandro Giovanardi has recently published a monograph on one of the important representatives of the Russian religious-philosophical renaissance of the beginning of 20th century – Vladimir Nikolayevich Zabugin. This volume, written in Italian, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Zabugin's intellectual biography, philosophical and aesthetic ideas and opens up a completely unknown corpus of the author’s works as well as the history of the reception of his heritage. The monograph underlines the contribution of Vladimir Zabugin in Italian and European humanitarian culture and defines his heritage as a rare synthesis of the finest erudition and Christian spirituality.
Diachronic Analysis of the Philosophic Term “mōrālitās”
Authors:   Elisabethian gymnasium, Sochilin Andrey
Published: November 2023

The paper explores the origin and semantic derivation of Latin philosophic term “mōrālitās” (“morality”), keeping in mind its generalizing and object-giving function in modern moral philosophy, which is obvious in its derivates in European languages. The semantic derivation of “mōrālitās” is being examined by means of comparative analysis of lexicographical data in three dictionary groups: that of the Late Latin (when the word “mōrālitās” first occurs), of the Medieval Latin (when it enters philosophical lexicon) and that of Early Modern Latin (when the term became widespread and got its modern meaning). To cover the lack of lexicographical information in the latter two groups of dictionaries the study uses Google Books full-text search, which statistically proves, that the term gained popularity only in the first half of 17th century and also gives important clues on the development of its meaning in late scholasticism. In conclusion, it is stated, that semantic derivation of the term in Late, Medieval and Early Modern Latin shares the same common guidelines, namely steady synonymic ties with emerging substantive forms of the adjective “mōrālis” (moral) and term phrases, formed with “mōrālis” and “mōs” (habit, custom). As a result of such a derivation “mōrālitās” came to be highly polysemic term, denoting the very quality of the free and conscious action, its moral worth and the rules to estimate the worth, and the philosophical discipline for doing that, and the subject of this discipline in the same time.
Prospects for artificial intelligence in Russia and abroad
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Lyubimov Alexey P. , Maistrenko Grigoriy A. ,   Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: November 2023

The development of high technologies is currently one of the key factors determining the country’s success in the international arena. The development of all spheres of society today depends on the latest research and technological developments: not only economic and so­cial, in which high technologies are widely used, but also political and cultural, in which they are actively involved, allowing to optimize traditional approaches to organizing activi­ties in these areas. The question of the use of artificial intelligence in Russia and in the world is extremely relevant due to the importance that the latest developments have acquired in such areas as military affairs, medicine, and the judicial system. At the same time, the problem of determining the prospects for artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation, as well as in other countries, continues to be open. In this article, the authors turn to the analy­sis of the concept of “artificial intelligence”, distinguishing it from “artificial conscious­ness”, consider the causes and results of the introduction of artificial intelligence in various spheres of society in Russia and abroad, predicting its future.
Does consciousness have an ontological status?
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Cheshev Vladislav V. ,   Novosibirsk State Univer­sity of Economics and Management “NINH”
Published: November 2023

The question of the ontological status of consciousness traditionally accompanies the philos­ophy of consciousness. In modern conditions, it is often initiated by representatives of ana­lytical philosophy and assumes the nature of the discussion of a mind-body problem. The author of the article proceeds from the fact that in the history of philosophy, appeal to the problem of the ontology of consciousness began with the discussion of the specific properties of mental constructs used to describe reality. On this basis, the initial contrast be­tween the ideal and material arises, and consciousness appears as a manifestation of the ideal. With the birth of experimental science, philosophy of the New Age and Psychology, the condemnation of a psychophysical problem is actualized, the solution of which was to open the way to comprehend the nature of consciousness. In modern conditions, cognitive studies are one of the grounds for actualizing the psychophysical problem, focused on the study of brain and neural networks. The article shows that the study of biophysical instru­ments of consciousness is not enough to understand its nature. The author relies on the cul­tural-historical (cultural-activity) concept of the formation of consciousness, which focuses on the formation of symbolic behavior as its attribrutive property.
Book review: P.N. Baryshnikov “Computational models of the mind: From code to meaning” (Moscow: LENAND, 2022. 320 pp.)
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Gusev Alexander A.
Published: November 2023

The cognitive revolution of the mid-20th century allowed scientists to return consciousness into respectable scientific research, thereby bypassing the eliminativist approaches of behav­iorism and physicalism. Machine functionalism adopted the computer metaphor and became the philosophical foundation for this new scientific trend. In the second half of the 20th cen­tury, many significant data were obtained by the efforts of cognitive scientists on how men­tal processes are arranged, but the methodological boundaries of computational theories and the ontological status of mental states remained a serious problem. This complex issue is closely analyzed by P.N. Baryshnikov in his book “Computational models of the mind: From code to meaning”. Moving along the historical line of development of cognitive sci­ence and related philosophical conceptions, the author demonstrates that computational the­ories are not able to explain the semantic aspect of mental states, although they have heuris­tic potential for creating artificial intelligent systems that implement some of the cognitive functions of the human mind.
Cage-confined multilevel-selective [2+2] cross-photocycloaddition beyond enantioselectivity and biomimicry
Authors: Su Cheng-Yong , Ruan Jia , Li Zhongshu , Yin Changzhen , Lu Yu-Lin , Wei Zhang-Wen , Hu Peng
Published: November 2023

The last decades witnessed an exciting renaissance in photochemistry where the asymmetric photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution for stereoselectivity control in radical intermediates. However, a significant hurdle still lies in achieving a multilevel control of chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities in cross-coupling photoreactions, which often result in chaotic outcomes when partners show similar electronic and optical properties. Herein, we present a biomimetic cage-confined photocatalytic protocol that are able to precisely manipulate the excited triplet-state dynamics via stereochemical confinement. This approach enables the high-selective synthesis of heterocoupled [2+2] syn-HH (head-to-head) enantiomers from two photoactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, which are typically challenging to access from conventional strategies due to steric hindrance and competitive pathways. We find that the cooperative heteromolecular binding dynamics beyond complementary host-guest lock-and-key fit plays a critical role in initially chemoselective and successively stereoselective photoreactions. Notably, the open-pockets featuring wide substrates-host match but products-host mismatch facilitate recycling catalysis to surmount the common problems of enzyme-mimicking cage-reactors with limited guest specificity against broad substrate scope and product inhibition against reaction turnover.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin Antibiotics on ZnxCd(1-x)S/g-C3N4 Composites in Water
Authors: Wu Zanen , Chen Qinjun , Wu Shibiao
Published: November 2023

g-C3N4/ZnxCd(1-x)S composites were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and electron micro-projective microscopy. According to the performance of ZnxCd(1-x)S for the photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin under visible light in water, the best stoichiometric number of x was 0.5. The best photolytic norfloxacin degradation rate of g-C3N4/ZnxCd(1-x)S composites was 89.8%, which was obtained when the dosage ratio of g-C3N4 to ZnxCd(1-x)S was 1:1.
Effect of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Oliver polysaccharide on Immune Function and Meat Quality of Songliao Black Pigs
Authors: Liang Yang , Tang Zeyu , Wang Hao , Liu Meng , Zhao Fanglin , Wang Longsheng , Meng Yinbiao , Jia Lijun
Published: November 2023

Eucommia ulmoidesis a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, with pharmacological effects such as lowering blood pressure and enhancing immune function. The effects of dietaryEucommia ulmoidespolysaccharide (EUP) on immune function and meat quality were studied in Songliao Black Pigs. Blood lymphocyte counts and percentage, concentrations of serum total protein and of albumin increased, whereas those of urea nitrogen and triglyceride decreased. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts, and serum IgA, IgE, IgG2 a and IFN-γ increased. Average daily weight gain, slaughter weight, lean meat rate and cooked meat rate increased, whereas PH24, feed-weight ratio, fat rate, yellowness (b*) and centrifugal dehydration rate decreased. Transcriptome sequencing detected 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 26 up-regulated and six down-regulated. A total of 19 genes were differentially expressed in the four groups, 18 of which were up-regulated. The DEGs included ADAMTS4, PER1, STAC, SERPINE1, FASN, THRSP, SP7 and KRT80 and the protein interaction network showed 20 up-regulated nodes, three down-regulated nodes and 14 DEGs. GO functional annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 34 items were significantly enriched, including transferase activity, actin binding, acetyl coenzyme A, acyl coenzyme A metabolism, adipose tissue development and acyl glycerol homeostasis. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways were enriched. DietaryEucommiapolysaccharide enhanced immune function in Songliao Black Pigs, improved growth and carcass performance, increased the expression of genes related to meat quality traits and improved meat quality.
Oncogenic GALNT5 confers FOLFIRINOX resistance via activating the MYH9/ NOTCH/ DDR axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Liu Wei , Jia Qinyuan , Zhu Yuheng , Yao Hong-fei , Yin Yifan , Duan Zonghao , Zheng Jia-hao , Ma Ding , Yang Min-Wei , Yang Jian-yu , Zhang Junfeng , Liu De-jun , Hua Rong , Huo Yan-Miao , Xue-Liang Fu , Sun Yong-Wei
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy resistance has been a great challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatments. Current first-line chemotherapy regimens for PDAC include gemcitabine-based regimens such as AG regimen (albumin paclitaxel and gemcitabine), fluorouracil-based regiments such as FOLFIRINOX regimen (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin, Irinotecan) and platinum-based regimens, especially for patients with BRCA mutations. Large amounts of work have been done on exploring the mechanism underlying resistance of gemcitabine-based and platinum-based regimens, while little research has been achieved on the mechanism of FOLFIRINOX regimens resistance in PDAC. In this study, we found that Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 (GALNT5) was highly expressed in PDAC tissues and predicted poor prognosis in PDAC via the analysis of Renji tumor micro-assays (TMA), TCGA datasets, GTXs datasets, and GEO datasets. Moreover, we observed that GALNT5 promoted FOLFIRINOX resistance and cell proliferation at the same time, and proposed that GALNT5-induced oxaliplatin instead of 5-FU resistance may be the cause of FOLFIRINOX resistance. Meanwhile, GALNT5-induced FOLFIRINOX resistance was amplified by enhancing DNA damage repair instead of the usual mechanisms of 5-FU-based regimens resistance associated with cancer stem cells. Furthermore, we displayed mass spectrum and CO-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and found that GALNT5 interacted with MYH9, thus participating in the activation of the NOTCH pathways, resulting in hampering FOLFIRINOX-induced DNA damage. Functions of GALNT5 promoting FOLFIRINOX resistance were validated in vivo via a mouse PDAC orthotopic model. Hence, we identified GALNT5 as a vital regulator and a potential therapeutic target in FOLFIRINOX regimen resistance.
Misconceptions about temperature compensation in experimental stress analysis
Authors: Xiong Sidong , Zhang Kaiyin
Published: November 2023

Resistance strain testing technology is widely used in engineering structures to obtain the strain response of the structure and analyze the accurate stress state of the structure. By analyzing the working principle of the resistance strain sensor and its corresponding temperature compensation principle, and recognizing the interrelation of the temperature strain of the structure, the temperature strain of the compensation block and the temperature strain of the resistance strain sensor, the mistake of the principle of temperature compensation in the structural resistance strain testing technology is revealed. It is the conceptual confusion between structural temperature strain and compensation block temperature strain that leads to the mistake in temperature strain compensation. The test results not only do not eliminate the temperature strain of the structure, but also add the effect of temperature stress. However, when the component is not subjected to mechanical loads, the current structural strain testing technique based on the temperature strain compensation is effective in obtaining the temperature stresses in the component.
Observation of the Antimatter Hypernucleus $^4_{\bar{\Lambda}}\overline{\hbox{H}}$
Authors: Qiu Hao , Wu Junlin
Published: November 2023

Matter-antimatter asymmetry is a research topic of fundamental interest, as it is the basis for the existence of the matter world, which survived annihilation with antimatter in the early Universe. High energy nuclear collisions create conditions similar to the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang, with comparable amounts of matter and antimatter. Much of the antimatter created escapes the rapidly expanding fireball without annihilation, making such collisions an effective experimental tool to create heavy antimatter nuclear objects and study their properties. In this paper, we report the first observation of the antimatter hypernucleus $^4_{\bar{\Lambda}}\overline{\hbox{H}}$, composed of an $\bar{\Lambda}$, an antiproton and two antineutrons. The discovery was made through its two-body decay after production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In total, 15.6 candidate $^4_{\bar{\Lambda}}\overline{\hbox{H}}$ antimatter hypernuclei are obtained with an estimated background count of 6.4. Lifetimes of the antihypernuclei $^3_{\bar{\Lambda}}\overline{\hbox{H}}$ and $^4_{\bar{\Lambda}}\overline{\hbox{H}}$ are measured and compared with lifetimes of their corresponding hypernuclei, testing the symmetry between matter and antimatter. Various production yield ratios among (anti)hypernuclei and (anti)nuclei are also measured and compared with theoretical model predictions, shedding light on their production mechanism.
Beverage consumption and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: sun xufang , rao suyun , zhou ziqing , wang ruohong , tan yuhe
Published: November 2023

Background
Observational studies on the association between beverage intake and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between beverage consumption (coffee, juice, yogurt, tea, alcohol, milk) and DR via the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Methods
We use genome-wide association study summary level data in this study, selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variables, taking inverse variance weighted as the main analysis method and further verifying its sensitivity by MR‒Egger, MR-PRESSO and weighted median. The heterogeneity test was conducted by the MR‒Egger intercept test, Cochrane’s Q test, MR-PRESSO global test, leave-one-out and funnel plot.
Results
A total of 40, 14, 12, 41, 34 and 30 SNPs were selected to represent coffee, juice, yogurt, tea, alcohol and milk intake from the MRC IEU and GSCAN. The DR data were extracted from the FinnGen consortium with 14584 cases and 202082 controls. Coffee can increase the risk of DR (IVW, odds ratio (OR) [confidence intervals (CI)] 1.39 [1.02–1.90], P = 0.037), and the result was consistent with background diabetic retinopathy (BKG_DR) (IVW, OR [CI] 2.56 [1.20–5.47], P = 0.015) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (IVW, OR [CI] 1.75 [1.20–2.56], P = 0.004). In addition,other beverage intake were not found to be causally related to DR.
Conclusion
Genetic level evidence suggests that coffee consumption is a risk factor for DR and should be limited in diabetic mellitus patient daily life, which provides advice on habitual diet management for patients with diabetic mellitus
How Much Energy Do E’Athletes Use During Gameplay? Quantifying Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate Variability within E’Athletes
Authors: Nicholson Mitchell , Poulus Dylan , Robergs Rob , Kelly Vincent , McNulty Craig
Published: November 2023

Background
Research into esports suggests that e’athletes experience multiple physiological stressors and demands during competition and training. The physiological demands of esports are poorly understood and need to be investigated further to inform future training guidelines, optimise performance outcomes, and manage e’athlete wellbeing. The aim of this research was to quantify the metabolic rate of esports gameplay and compare this outcome with heart rate variability within expert e’athletes.
Results
Thirteen healthy male participants ranked within the top 10% of their game respective esports title participated within the study (age = 20.7 ± 2.69 years; BMI = 24.6 ± 5.89 kg·m− 2). Expired gas analysis indirect calorimetry measured gas exchange during rest and gaming. Compared to resting conditions, competitive esports gameplay significantly increased median energy expenditure (1.28 (IQR 1.16–1.49) kcal·min− 1 vs. 1.45 (IQR 1.20–1.77) kcal·min− 1, p = .02), oxygen consumption (0.27 (IQR 0.24–0.30) L·min− 1 vs. 0.29 (IQR 0.24–0.35) L·min− 1, p = .02) and carbon dioxide production (0.20 (IQR 0.19–0.27) L·min− 1vs. 0.27 (IQR 0.24–0.33 ) L·min− 1, p = .01). Competitive gameplay also resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (84.5 (IQR 74.1–96.1) bpm vs. 87.1 (IQR 80.3–104) bpm, p = .01) and decrease in R-R interval’s (710 (IQR 624–810) ms vs. 689 (IQR 579–747) ms, p = .02) when compared to rest. However, there was no significant differences in time or frequency measures of heart rate variability.
Conclusions
The data reveal there are increased physiological responses to metabolic rate, energy expenditure and cardiovascular function to esports game play within expert e’athletes. Further physiological research into the physical demands on e’athletes, the influence of different training programs to esport performance, and the added multivariate determinants to elite level esport performance are warranted.
Share to Gain: Collaborative Learning with Dynamic Membership via Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Kang David Ha Eun , Kim Duhyeong , Song Yongsoo , Lee Dongwon , Kwak Hyesun , Anthony Brian
Published: November 2023

In this manuscript, we develop a multi-party framework tailored for multiple data contributors seeking machine learning insights from combined data sources. Grounded in statistical learning principles, we introduce the Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption Logistic Regression (MK-HELR) algorithm, designed to execute logistic regression on encrypted multi-party data. Given that models built on aggregated datasets often demonstrate superior generalization capabilities, our approach offers data contributors the collective strength of shared data. Apart from facilitating logistic regression on data pooled from diverse sources, this algorithm creates a collaborative learning environment with dynamic membership. Notably, it can seamlessly incorporate new participants during the learning process, addressing the key limitation of prior methods that demanded a predetermined number of contributors to be set before the learning process begins. This flexibility is crucial in real-world scenarios, accommodating varying data contribution timelines and unanticipated fluctuations in participant numbers, due to additions and departures. Using the AI4I public predictive maintenance dataset, we demonstrate the MK-HELR algorithm, setting the stage for further research in secure, dynamic, and collaborative multi-party learning scenarios.