bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding
Authors: Kosturek Robert , Wachowski Marcin , Śnieżek Lucjan , Gloc Michał
Published: December 2018

In this investigation steel P355NH has been successfully cladded with Inconel 625 through the method of explosive welding. Explosively welded bimetal clad-plate was subjected to the two separated post weld heat treatment processes: stress relief annealing (at 620oC for 90 minutes) and normalizing (at 910oC for 30 minutes). In order to analyze the microstructure of the joint in the as-welded state and to investigate the influence of the post weld heat treatment on it, the light and scanning electron microscope observations and microhardness analysis have been performed. The examination of the diffusion zone microstructure has been performed by using the scanning transmission electron microscope. It was stated that obtained joint has characteristic wavy-shape geometry with the presence of the melted zones and severe deformed grains of both joined materials. Strain hardening of the materials in joint zone was established with microhardness analysis. In both of the heat treatments the changes in the grain structure have been observed. The normalizing heat treatment has the most significant impact on the microstructure of the joint as well as the concentration of the chemical elements in the joint zone. It was reported that due to normalizing the diffusion zone has been formed together with precipitates in the joint zone. The analysis of the diffusion zone images leads to the conclusion that the diffusion of alloying elements from Inconel 625 to steel P355NH takes place along the grain boundaries with additional formation of the voids in this area. The precipitates in Inconel 625 in the joint zone are two type of carbides – chromium-rich and molybdenum-rich. Scanning transmission electron microscope observation of the grain microstructure in the diffusion zone shows that this area consists of equiaxed grains (from the side of Inconel 625 alloy) and columnar grains (from the side of steel P355NH).
The Role of Social Networks on Socialization and Political Participation of Political science Students of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch (2007- 2017)
Authors: Siraki Garineh Keshishyan
Published: December 2018

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the impact of social networks on political socialization and political participation of political science students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran south branch during 2007-2017. This article is a descriptive-survey research based on the theory of planned behavior and has been done based on random sampling with a population of 280 samples. The findings indicate that 93% of students use social media and spend a significant part of their study hours on social networks, which mainly include Telegram, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. The variables related to social networks affect the socialization and political participation of students, and the extent of the impact of social networks on encouraging individuals to participate in the election as a component of political socialization is positive and significant. This finding and other findings are a positive and significant impact of social networks on the attitudes, values ​​and norms, attitudes and behaviors of political science students as a sample population, and thus the hypothesis of this research has been confirmed.
Doubling the Agricultural Income by 2022 in India: Issues and Challenges - Evidence From Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Pasala Srinivasa Rao
Published: December 2018

The mechanism of reforms is not given enough government funding and financial assistance to the agriculture sector. This impacted the conditions of cultivation, particularly in rural living conditions. The impact of free trade brought unstable prices, difficulties in agriculture export and import and which is affected farmer’s welfare, livelihood, and other employment alternatives. The most adverse effect that has become a curse to farmers is the multiple of low price and instability in the output of cash crops. Andhra Pradesh mostly depends on rainfall agriculture. Monsoon and seasonal conditions play a crucial role in Andhra Pradesh agriculture. The proportion of area under agriculture is 37.30 percent (including fish ponds). The gross irrigated area (35.81 lakh hectares) is 48.29 percent of gross area sown (74.18 lakh hectare.) in the state. The ratio of gross irrigated area to net irrigated area is 1.32 in 2016-17, where it was 1.29 in 2015-16. (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2016-17). An attempt is made to study in depth the evolution of cost conditions in the rainfed and irrigated land agricultural practices, regarding the sustainability of livelihood practices. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research were applied in the study through a collection of data by household survey and in-depth interviews, site visits, and field observations. For an understanding of costs and returns, calculate Cost A, Cost B and Cost C and Gross, Farm Business, Family Labour, Net, Farm Investment Incomes. The policymakers should focus on strict implement National Commission on farmer’s recommendations of increasing MSP should be at least 50 percent more than the weighted average cost of production, introduce availability of the leased technology (i.e. crop sowing and cutting machines etc.) to marginal and small farmers, reduce the inequalities between villages and towns and promote Zero Budget Natural Farming across the country.
Orman Zararlıları ile Mücadele Faaliyetlerine Verilen Önem ile Ayrılan Zaman Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi (Denizli Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Örneği)
Authors: ŞAFAK İsmail , GÖKSU Emre
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada, orman zararlıları ile mücadele konularında Denizli Orman İşletme
Müdürlüğünde yürütülen işlerde mevsimsel açıdan faaliyetlere/işlere verilen
önem ve bunlara ayrılan zaman yüzdesi bakımından oluşan farklılıklar
araştırılmıştır. Anket formları kullanılarak orman muhafaza memurları ile orman
mühendislerinin tamamının mevsimsel olarak görüşleri alınmıştır. Böylece,
mevsimsel olarak iş çeşitlerine atfedilen önem ile her bir iş çeşidi için
ayrılan zaman yüzdesi elde edilmiştir. Anketlerde harcanan zaman yüzdesi her
bir soru için % 100 üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir iş çeşidine verilen
önem düzeyinin değerlendirilmesinde ise dokuz dereceli Likert ölçeğinden
yararlanılmıştır.14 ormancılık faaliyeti genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde,
koruma ve orman suçlarının tespitine yönelik faaliyetler 8.3 puan ile en fazla
önem verilen konu olarak belirlenmiştir. Ormanların hava kirliliği üzerindeki
etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve izlenmesine yönelik uluslararası işbirliği
programı (ICP) kapsamındaki faaliyetler (5,0) ise en az önem verilmektedir. Ayrılan
zaman açısından incelendiğinde koruma ve orman suçlarının tespitine yönelik
faaliyetlere en fazla zaman (%17.7), karantina tedbirleri ve uygulamalarının
yürütülmesini sağlamaya yönelik faaliyetlere ise en az zaman (%3.5)
ayrılmaktadır.
The rise of international financial centres in bank-based and market-based financial systems
Authors: Lok Kris Li Chun , Xiaobin Zhao Simon
Published: December 2018

“International Financial Centres” (IFCs) such as London or New York are one of several contributing factors toward the continued economic success of their respective countries in the twentieth-century. Other countries have attempted to create their own IFCs with mixed successes. This study examines factors that might predict the appearance of IFCs and the differences in financial scale. Of particular interest is the debate between ‘bank-based’ versus ‘capital-based’ financial systems and how it impacts the growth and success of IFCs. Results suggest that bank-based systems are marginally more effective at promoting and benefitting from IFCs. Stronger financial market regulations are also positively associated with the growth of IFCs and the resulting benefits that they provide to the rest of the economy. Together, this suggests that the optimal policy mix to promote IFCs may involve some degree of government involvement beyond strictly maintaining free and fair financial markets for the private sector.
IMMEDIATE AND LONGTERM RESULTS OF ENDOVASCULAR STENT-GRAFTING IN DISSECTIONS AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC ANEURYSMS OF THORACIC AORTA
Authors: Latt Kyaw K. , Moiseev Alexey A. , Chernaya Natalya R. , Vasilyev Konstantin N. , Bayandin Nikolay L. , Stupin Viktor A.
Published: December 2018

Objective: to analyze the results of endovascular stent-graftingin dissections and atherosclerotic aneurysms of descending part of thoracic aorta.

Material and method: in this analysis includes 28 patients with dissections and atherosclerotic aneurysms of descending part of thoracic aorta. Acute aortic dissection type 3 was occurred in 10 patients and two of them were complicated with rupture into the left pleural cavity. 10 patients with chronic aortic dissection type bunderwent operations and one of them was complicated with rupture into the left pleural cavity. Among 8 operated patients due to chronic aneurysms of descending part of thoracic aorta, 4 patients were manifested with symptoms of hemothorax. In 3 patients with aortic dissection type 1 in long-term period, endovascular stent-grafting was performed concerning with the dilatation of descending thoracic aorta and patent false lumen. During in-hospital and long-term periods immediate clinical results, serious clinical complications and long-term survival were compared.

Results: technical success of endovascular stent-grafting was achieved in 100 % of cases. In-hospital mortality was 4 (14,2 %) and 30-day mortality was 3 (10,7 %). Events of paraplegia, TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack), prosthetic infection were not found in our research. Two clinical occurrences of vascular approach site complication were found; one case of endoleak type 1 and stent-graft dislocation which required repeated endovascular stent-grafting and one case of endoleak type 2 which was performed subclaviancarotid bypass and ligation of left subclavian artery. Prolong intubation was needed in 5 patients (18,5 %).conclusion: Endovascular stent-grafting in dissections and atherosclerotic aneurysms of descending part of thoracic aorta contributes good immediate clinical results associating with less quantity of serious complications.
FORMATION OF A«NEWBIFURCATION» IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE PROGRESSION IN INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES
Authors: Pokrovsky Anatoly V. , Zotikov Andrey E. , Adyrkhaev Zaurbek A. , Timina Irina E. , Kozhanova Anzhelika V. , Krasnoschekova Lyubov S. , Synkov Valery D. , Starikov Vyacheslav O. , Startsev Petr A. , Pivovarova Elena M. , Tseitlin Tatiana V.
Published: December 2018

This article provides indications for and description of surgical technique of carotid endarterectomy with the formation of a new bifurcation. It also presents the results of observations in the immediate postoperative period based on the findings of this surgery among patients of Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery.
EXTENDED ANTICOAGULANT THERAPYIN PATIENTS, WHO SURVIVED PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Vorobieva Natalia M. , Panchenko Elizaveta P.
Published: December 2018

The review article discusses the options to extend anticoagulant therapy after completing the main anticoagulant therapy course in patients, who survived pulmonary embolism. It presents the results of randomized RE-MEDY and RE-SONATE studies of dabigatran, EINSTEIN-Extension study of rivaroxaban and AMPLIFY-Extension study of apixaban, which evaluated the feasibility, efficacy and safety of extended anticoagulant therapy with direct acting oral anticoagulants compared with placebo or warfarin. The article also provides the results of ASPIRE and WARFASA studies, which evaluated the possibility of using low-dose aspirin vs. Placebo for the extended treatment. The authors reviewed in details the results of einstein choice study, in which they compared the extended therapy with two doses of rivaroxaban (10 or 20 mg once a day) versus low (100 mg/day) doses of aspirin and against each other. The data obtained indicate that both doses of rivaroxaban significantly exceed aspirin in efficacy and reduce the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis by 74 and 66 %, respectively, without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding.
CONSIDERING QUESTION OF SAFETY OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS: THE RESULTS OF THE COMPARISON OF APIXABAN AND WARFARIN
Authors: Yavelov Igor S.
Published: December 2018

The review analyzes data on the safety of apixaban for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolic complications obtained in randomized controlled studies.
CLINICAL IMPRESSION: PLANNED PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN A PATIENT WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Komarov Andrei I.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the clinical discussion of a patient with atrial fibrillation, who underwent a planned percutaneous coronary intervention. It also provides the recommendations for modern principles in diagnosis, the choice of optimal antithrombotic therapy in this pathology.
Beton Ağırlık Barajların Sismik Performanslarına Seçilen Kesit Geometrisinin Etkisi
Authors: ALDEMİR Alper
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada, kesit geometrilerinin beton ağırlık barajların sismik performanslarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, beton ağırlık barajların tasarımı aşamasında kullanılagelen altı farklı kesit geometrisi seçilmiş ve oluşturulan numerik modeller üç farklı yüksekliğe sahip Gündüzler, Naras ve Andıraz barajlarına uyarlanmıştır. Böylece tasarım aşamasında kullanılan değişkenleri değiştirmeksizin, kesit geometrilerinin barajların sismik taleplerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Seçilen kesitlerin tamamında eşit miktarda malzeme kullanılmıştır. Böylelikle hangi kesit tipinin malzemeyi en optimum şekilde kullanmaya izin verdiği araştırılmıştır. Numerik modellerde rezervuar etkileşimi için akustik akışkan elemanlar kullanılmıştır. Modeller üç adet deprem senaryosuna tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre Kesit K3’ün en elverişli sonuçları ürettiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Effect of Automation on the Productivity of a Coal Packaging Plant
Authors: BAHŞİŞ Mehmet Nuri , KASAP Yaşar
Published: December 2018

Automation provides direct contribution to a country's economy and inputs to the manufacturing sector, and by means of automation taking place in many areas of mining industry, a safe, economical and efficient production can be realized for the sector in concern. Using the Malmquist index total factor productivity, this manuscript focused on and investigated the change in operational productivity of Western Lignite Corporation (WLC) as a result of the conversion of the packaging plant into a fully automated system. The results indicated that the productivity score would increase by 16.1% due to the conversion of the current system into a fully automated system. The operational productivity is also expected to increase considering the reductions in the amount of energy used, the number of workers employed and the number of production losses.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Hybrid Air-Conditioning System
Authors: ÖZBEK Arif
Published: December 2018

In summer months, an increase in electricity demand with the use of air conditioning systems requires the more economical use of energy. Energy saving can be achieved by using the same work with less energy or by developing the conventional methods. In this study, energy and exergy analysis of a solar assisted hybrid air-conditioning system operating in cooling mode is carried out analytically. Performance analysis was then performed comparing with the situation in which no solar energy support was used. Results indicate that solar panel usage improves system COP by 16% and exergy destruction rate increases through the condenser and compressor, but decreases through the evaporator and capillary tube. Furthermore, total exergy destruction and overall exergy efficiency values of the system increase by using the panel.
Optimization of Wet Grinding Parameters of Calcite Ore in Stirred Ball Mill
Authors: ÇAYIRLI Serkan
Published: December 2018

This study focused on ultra-fine grinding of calcite powder (CaCO3) using a vertical stirred ball mill. The influences of various operating parameters such as stirrer speed (rpm), ball filling ratio (J), powder filling ratio (fc), solid ratio (wt.%) and grinding time were studied under wet conditions. The experiments were carried out in a batch mode of operation. The experimental results were evaluated based upon product size (d50), specific surface area (m2/g) and width of particle size distribution. As a result of this work, the optimum grinding test conditions were found to be 840 rpm for stirrer speed, 0.70 for ball filling ratio, 0.100 for powder filling ratio, 50% for solid ratio and 20 min for grinding time. It was also observed that stirrer speed, ball filling ratio and grinding time were directly proportional whereas powder filling ratio and solid ratio were inversely proportional to product fineness and specific surface area. The width of particle size distribution decreased with decreasing product size for all grinding conditions.
Hidrojen ile Yakıt Zenginleştirmenin Dizel Motorun Motor Performansı ve Emisyon Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇALIK Ahmet
Published: December 2018

Hava kirliliğinin giderek artışı ve motor performansı arttırmaya yönelik arayışlar hidrojen gibi ek yakıtlara olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bir sıkıştırma ateşlemeli motorun çalışma karakteristikleri üzerine atık kızartma yağından üretilen biyodizel yakıtına (AKY) hidrojen ilavesinin etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Hidrojen, giriş havasına belli bir debide verilmiştir. Yapılan testte dizel motorunun performans ve emisyon değerleri incelenmiştir. Katkısız dizel yakıt, motorun çeşitli yakıtlara göre operasyonel özelliklerini karşılaştırmak için referans yakıt olarak seçilmiştir. Sonuç olarak hidrojen ilavesinin motor performansını artırdığını gözlemlenmiştir. Hidrojen gazı motor silindirlerine verildiğinde CO ve CO2 emisyonları azalmış ve NOx emisyonları ise artmıştır.
Implementation of Codigestion and sludge management system in Portugal
Authors: Di Berardino Santino
Published: December 2018

Anaerobic digestion is carried out to stabilize biosolids so that it is acceptable for land disposal. Although no precise definition A solution based on sludge and Olive oil mill effluent (OME) codigestion, coupled with a management plan, has been implemented, to treat and dispose safely, the mixed residues, into the natural forest and agricultural land.

The mixture of up to 25 % OME to the sludge improved anaerobic degradation of phenols and fats. High density fats compounds, presents in OME, enhanced aggregation, settling and acetoclastic activity of anaerobic sludge. The full scale unit, obtained by modification of a cold digester, allowed to set-up a low capital cost system. The system produced large quantity of biogas and electric energy.

Anaerobic degradation of the mixture improved fertilizing properties, making feasible land application of the digested mixture. Regional plan based in Geographical Information System (GIS) selected 800 ha of adequate land area for application near the WWTP. The experience is technically and economically successful. Main incomes are provided by energy use and OME charge. Sludge application in local agriculture does generate any income, but eliminated landfill costs and reduced transportation costs.
Towards model predictive control: online predictions of ammonium and nitrate removal by using a stochastic ASM
Authors: Stentoft Peter Alexander , Munk-Nielsen Thomas , Vezzaro Luca , Madsen Henrik , Mikkelsen Peter Steen , Møller Jan Kloppenborg
Published: December 2018

Online model predictive control (MPC) of water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) requires simple and fast models to improve the operation of energy-demanding processes, such as aeration for nitrogen removal. Selected elements of the activated sludge model number 1 modelling framework for ammonium and nitrate removal were included in discretely observed stochastic differential equations in which online data are assimilated to update the model states. This allows us to produce model-based predictions including uncertainty in real time while it also reduces the number of parameters compared to many detailed models. It introduces only a small residual error when used to predict ammonium and nitrate concentrations in a small recirculating WRRF facility. The error when predicting 2 min ahead corresponds to the uncertainty from the sensors. When predicting 24 hours ahead the mean relative residual error increases to ∼10% and ∼20% for ammonium and nitrate concentrations respectively. Consequently this is considered a first step towards stochastic MPC of the aeration process. Ultimately this can reduce electricity demand and cost for water resource recovery, allowing the prioritization of aeration during periods of cheaper electricity.
Novel advanced porous concrete in constructed wetlands: preparation, characterization and application in urban storm runoff treatment
Authors: Tang Van Tai , Pakshirajan Kannan
Published: December 2018

Common porous concrete templates (CPCT) and advanced porous concrete templates (APCT) were employed in this study to construct wetlands for their applications in pollutant removal from storm runoff. The planting ability of the concrete was investigated by growing Festuca elata plants in them. Strength of the porous concrete (7.21 ± 0.19 Mpa) decreased by 1.8 and 4.9% over a period of six and 12 months, respectively, due to its immersion in lake water. The height and weight of Festuca elata grass growth on the porous concrete were observed to be 12.6–16.9 mm and 63.4–95.4 mg, respectively, after a duration of one month. Advanced porous concrete template based constructed wetland (APCT-CW) showed better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (49.6%), total suspended solids (TSS) (58.9), NH3-N (52.4%), total nitrogen (TN) (47.7%) and total phosphorus (TP) (45.5%) in storm water, when compared with the common porous concrete template based constructed wetland (CPCT-CW) with 20.6, 29.8, 30.1, 35.4 and 26.9%, respectively. The removal of Pb, Ni, Zn by the CPCT-CW unit were 28.9, 33.3 and 42.3%, respectively, whereas these were 51.1, 62.5 and 53.8%, respectively, with the APCT-CW unit. These results demonstrate that the advanced porous concrete template in constructed wetland could be employed successfully for the removal of pollutants from urban storm water runoff.
The chemistry of Cr(VI) adsorption on to poly(p-phenylenediamine) adsorbent
Authors: Mdlalose Lindani , Balogun Mohammed , Klavins Maris , Deeks Christopher , Treacy Jon , Chimuka Luke , Chetty Avashnee
Published: December 2018

Water pollution due to industrial processes has necessitated and spurred robust research into the development of adsorbent materials for remediation. Polyphenylenediamines (PPD) have attracted significant attention because of their dual cationic and redox properties. They are able to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in solution. Interrogation of the chemical processes involved in the Cr(VI) adsorption on para-PPD was primarily by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was confirmed that the underlying oxidation of the amino groups to imines during the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was irreversible. This process occurred at both acidic and alkaline conditions. Reduction was accompanied by Cr(III) chelation on the adsorbent surface. Further, regeneration with dilute aqueous NaOH and HCl extended the polymer's adsorptive capacity beyond exhaustion of its redox potentials.
Biochemical Characterization of In vitro Reconstituted Biologically Active Recombinant Shiga Toxin
Authors: Chauhan Vinita , Chauhan Ritika , Sonkar Priyanka , Dhaked Ram Kumar
Published: December 2018

Background:

Shiga toxins comprise a family of related proteins produced by bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and some strains of Escherichia coli that cause severe clinical manifestations. Severe Shiga toxin intoxication results in Haemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS), up to 50% of HUS patients manifest some degree of renal failure and ~10% of such cases develop permanent renal failure or death.  Objective: In present research work production of biologically active rStx from non-toxic rStxA and rStxB subunits were established that can be used in many biomedical applications.

Methods:

Purification of Shiga toxin from bacteria is a multistep time consuming process resulting in low yield. To overcome this problem, the rStxA and rStxB protein were separately cloned and expressed in E. coli host and purified through affinity chromatography. GST pull-down assay was performed for interaction study between rStxA and pentameric rStxB. The affinity between A and B subunits of reconstituted recombinant Shiga toxin (AB5) was determined by SPR. The biological activity of the toxin was confirmed in Vero cells and mouse lethality assay.

Results:

The yield of GST-StxA and His6X-StxB obtained after affinity chromatography was estimated to 2 and 5 mg/l, respectively. Samples analyzed in pull down assay revealed two bands of ~58 kDa (rStxA) and ~7.7 kDa (rStxB) on SDS-PAGE. Affinity was confirmed through SPR with KD of 0.85 pM. This rStx produced from 1:5 molar ratio found to be cytotoxic in Vero cell line and resulted lethality in mouse.

Conclusions:

Large scale production of rStx using the method can facilitate screening and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors for therapeutics development.
Synthesis of 3-Amino-7-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-2-Substituted-5-Phenylphenazin-5-Ium Chlorides by Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Liu Yuan , Jin Ling , Liu Jun-feng , Wang Yu-qi , Zhou Zhi-xiang
Published: December 2018

Aim and Objective:

Phenazines are substances with an extensive range of important applications. Recently, the synthesis of N-arylation has been made more feasible owing to the advent of a new methodology. But because the toxicity of the used oxidant and the low yield, it is necessary to find a nonpoisonous or less toxic oxidant. We report on the use of potassium permanganate as an oxidant to synthesize phenylphenazin-5- ium chlorides via sequential aniline arylation.

Materials and Methods:

The corresponding 2-substituted-3-amino-5-phenyl-7-N,N-dimethylamino phenazinium chlorides were obtained via various o-substituted toluidines reacted with 4-amino-N,N-dimethyamine and aniline using potassium permanganate as an oxidant under different conditions such as temperature, pH, reaction time and the ratio of raw materials. Infrared (IR) absorption data were acquired on a Thermo Nicolet Nexus 670 FT-IR spectrometer with DTGS KBr detector. All the products were characterized by Mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The total C, H, N, content was measured by the elemental analyzer.

Results:

The yields of 3-amino-7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-2-substituted-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chlorides are from 42.5% to 75.8% based on the electrophilic ability of different substituted groups under the temperature of 95°C, pH 4.5 and the reaction time of 8hrs.

Conclusion:

3-Amino-7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-2-substituted-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium chlorides have been synthesized in high yields via the oxidative cyclization with potassium permanganate. This route is a simple, economic, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Eco-Friendly Methodologies for the Synthesis of Quinoline Nucleus
Authors: da Silveira Pinto Ligia S. , Vasconcelos Thatyana R. Alves , de Souza Marcus V.N.
Published: December 2018

The quinoline nucleus is a very important class of heterocyclic aromatic compounds present in several drugs on the market, with synthetic methodologies being necessary to prepare its nucleus and derivatives. Considering that fact, the aim of this review is to describe the development of eco-friendly methodologies for the synthesis of quinoline nucleus and its derivatives in the last five years. Thus, throughout the text are presented varios reagents and catalysts used in the synthesis of quinoline nucleus, the reaction conditions, the advantages of the described methodologies, along with the reaction scheme and some reaction mechanisms.
Stopping of the Downtrend of Tuberculosis in Iran, a Systematic Review of Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Fadaee Manouchehr , Rashedi Jalil , Arabi Sepideh , Poor Behroz Mahdavi , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Pourostadi Mahya , Kazemi Abdolhassan , Asgharzadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem in developing countries. In recent decades,
the incidence of the disease has been gradually reducing in Iran. However, the reducing incidence
of the disease has stopped in the country during recent years. It could be due to an
increase in immigration, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and the prevalence of drug-resistant strains. In order
to prevent the spread of TB cases and control this disease, it is essential to identify the predisposing
factors, which may be related to bacteria, host and environment. The objective of the present
systematic review was to investigate the role of potentially effective factors in the increase in
TB cases in the country. The epidemiological studies that had considered the risk factors for the
development of TB in populations from different regions of Iran were reviewed systematically
from the beginning of 2007 to the end of June 2017 in electronic databases. Upon evaluation of
the literature, these 7 major risk factors were identified in twenty-five eligible studies, including
poor living conditions, drug abuse, HIV/AIDS, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), diabetes,
migration, and smoking. In conclusion, the increase in predisposing risk factors for catching
TB, especially the migration and Beijing strain, shows that in the absence of accurate monitoring,
TB cases will increase in the near future in Iran.
Experimental Design and Verification of Extended State Observers for Magnetic Levitation System Based on PSO
Authors: Humaidi Amjad J.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

This work presents analysis, design and implementation of two schemes of Extended State Observer (ESO) to estimate the position, velocity and unmeasurable states for magnetic levitation systems, Linear ESO (LESO) and Nonlinear ESO (NESO). The multiplicity of design parameters for both LESO and NESO made it difficult to find appropriate setting of these parameters such that to reach satisfactory performance of observation process.

Methods:

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to improve performance of observation process by finding optimal tuned parameters of observer design parameter subjected to specified performance index. Theoretical results of both observers are firstly implemented in the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Then, experimental state estimation of observers is set up based on feedback instrument (33-942S) to verify the simulated results.

Results and Conclusion:

Root Mean Square (RMS) of estimation error has been used as an indicator to assess the performance of observers. The simulated and practical results showed that LESO could give better estimation performance than NESO.
KARTINI: PERJUANGAN DAN PEMIKIRANNYA
Authors: Sudrajat Sudrajat -
Published: December 2018

Abstract Kartini was native Indonesian woman in that have consciousness gender equality. Despite as a woman’s hero, Kartini has a perpective about the way   how to reach for Indonesian independent. All about of the Kartini perspectives was writeen on his letters that send to his friends. Later, JH Abendanon collects Kartini’s letters and published it on the title Door Duisternis Tot Licht (Out of Dark Comes Light). This article attemp to analizes the struggle and views of Kartini. The writers recite her letters in which publishes by Agnes Symmer by the title of Letters of A Javanese Princess: Raden Adjeng Kartini. By employing critic-analytical method the writers attempt to compare this book with another. The struggle of Kartini includes a gender equality, because she attemps to increase the degree of Indonesian woman by empowering themselves.  Kartini says that Indonesian woman must be out from handcuff customs. It can be reach with education in which employee the Indonesian woman.  Kartini wanted native Indonesian women have the freedom to learn and study. Kartini so has a perspective  about the way that can be reach to Indonesian independent with  nationalism, unity and social solidarity. The nationalism that Kartini’s views, includes the universal nationalism.  It means that the idea of kartini nationalism appears universal moral value: liberty, equality, solidarity, and fraternity.
NASIONALISME RELIGIUS*
Authors: Supadjar Damarjati -
Published: December 2018

AbstraksIntisari Pancasila itu adalah gotong royong. Itulah Filsafat Organisme, yang memandang Semesta Realitas itu sebagai berstruktur (Lahir- Batin) dan berproses (Awal- Akhir).
DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Widiyanta Danar -
Published: December 2018

AbstraksWawasan kebangsaan Indonesia seperti dikatakan oleh Roeslan Abdulgani lahir sebagai reaksi atas kolonialisme Belanda yang sangat mendominasi di bidang politik, eksploitasi ekonomi serta penetrasi budaya. Dalam aspek politik jelas bahwa wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia lahir dalam rangka menumbangkan dominasi politik Belanda untuk kemudian menggantikannya dengan system pemerintahan yang demokratis. Aspek sosial ekonomi menekankan pada penghentian eksploitasi ekonomi yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kolonial Belanda yang pada gilirannya akan membangun masysrakat baru yang bebas dari kemelaratan dan kesengsaraan. Dilihat dari aspek kultural adalah mencoba menghidupkan kembali kepribadian bangsa diselaraskan dengan perubahan zaman. Ketiga aspek tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisah-pisahkan dari kontek nasionalisme Indonesia[1]. Untuk melihat lebih jauh bagaimana dan permasalahan dari wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia, berturut-berturut akan kita bahas bagaimana perkembangan dari wawasan kebangsaan itu sendiri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan permasalahan integrasi bangsa yang ada sekarang dengan pemikiran jalan keluarnya. [1] Pidato Roeslan Abdulgani di depan sidang konstituante pada 3 Desember 1957.
PARADIGMA HISTORIS PENDIDIKAN AGAMA AGAR DOKTRIN AGAMA FUNGSIONAL DI ERA MODERN
Authors: Rochmat Saefur -
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Paradigma historis pendidikan agama dimaksudkan agar agama itu fungsional dalam kehidupan modern. Untuk itu, agama harus ikut menangani permasalahan pada era modern ini, mengarahkan perkembangan ilmu modern, dan mengadopsi serta mengembangkan ide-ide dan konsep-konsep modern. Umat Islam perlu akrab dengan permasalahan kemodernan seperti negara bangsa, nasionalism, dan demokrasi. Model pendidikan agama berdasarkan paradigma historis itu menggabungkan pendekatan konvensional pendidikan agama yang bersifat dogmatis-normatif, pendekatan historis, dan pendekatan kontekstual. Model yang perlu dikembangkan berdasarkan pendekatan historis adalah Agama Reformis, dimana agama difungsikan sebagai motor penggerak perubahan, dengan menjadikan agama selalu bersentuhan dengan konsep-konsep modern, namun ia bersifat kritis terhadap pendekatan ideologis-revolusioner, sehingga ia mengembangkan pendekatan reformatif-evolusioner. Pendekatan historis dan kontekstual baik dapat digunakan sebagai metoda dalam penyampaian pendidikan agama agar doktrin agama itu fungsional dalam kehidupan modern. Adakalanya kita tidak dapat menggunakan kedua pendekatan secara bersama-sama dalam menjelaskan suatu materi pelajaran, namun salah satu dari pendekatan itu secara sendiri-sendiri dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan materi pelajaran agama. Bahkan, baik pendekatan historis maupun kontekstual dapat digunakan pada Standar Kompetensi yang kelihatannya ekslusif dalam pendidikan agama, yaitu Al-Qur’an, Akidah, Akhlak, dan Fiqih. Satu-satunya Standar Kompetensi terkait erat dengan pendekatan historis dan kontestual adalah Tarikh dan Kebudayaan Islam.
PARK CHUNG-HEE DAN KEAJAIBAN EKONOMI KOREA SELATAN
Authors: Darini Ririn -
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Korea Selatan merupakan salah satu keajaiban ekonomi Asia. Dalam waktu yang relatif singkat Korea berhasil menjadi negara industri modern sekaligus kekuatan ekonomi yang diperhitungkan oleh dunia. Keberhasilan pembangunannya menjadi model bagi negara-negara lainnya. Keberhasilan ekonomi Korea Selatan tidak terlepas dari peran Park Chung-hee sebagai peletak dasar pembangunan ekonomi Korsel. Park Chung-hee sangat intens dengan program pembangunan. Perhatiannya tercurah untuk melaksanakan program-program dasar untuk pembangunan Korea Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji kebijakan Park dalam membangun perekonomian Korsel.
TANTANGAN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN PRAKTIK KEBERAGAMAAN ISLAM “GARIS KERAS”
Authors: Miftahuddin Miftahuddin
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK

Cita-cita yang ingin dicapai negara Indonesia adalah mewujudkan masyarakatnya secara keseluruhan berpegang teguh kepada nilai-nilai Pancasila. Dapat diyakini apabila Pancasila ini telah diamalkan dengan benar menandakan demokrasi yang ideal dan sebenarnya telah tercapai di Indonesia. Termasuk umat Islam sebagai bagaian dari masyarakat Indonesia yang terbesar juga harus mengamalkan Pancasila. Bahkan, Pancasila sendiri adalah produk dari sebagian para tokoh umat Islam yang ingin menjadikan bangsa ini berdiri. Hanya saja dalam perjalanannya ada sebagaian umat Islam yang mempermasalahkan Pancasila. Padahal dikatahui bahwa Islam dan Pancasila adalah berjalan seiring dan sejalan. Untuk itu, artikel ini mencoba untuk melihat praktik keberagamaan dan sosial kelompok Islam “garis keras” yang diasumsikan tidak sejalan dengan cita-cita Pancasila.

Dari kajian yang dilakukan beberapa sarjana bahwa memang ada kelompok-kelompok umat Islaam di Indonesia yang paraktik keberagamaan dan sosial mereka jauh menyimpang dari tujuan nilai-nilai pancasila. Gerakan-gerakan Islam “garis keras” seringkali menjalankan aksinya dengan melanggar aturan main demokrasi. Tidak hanya itu, tetapi dapat disaksikan bahwa konsepsi pemikiran dari kalangan mereka juga menentang nilai-nilai demokrasi itu sendiri sebagai sebuah aturan main yang telah disepakati bersama. Sikap kelompok Islam “garis keras” biasanya anti terhadap semua sistem Barat, khususnya demokrasi dan hak-hak asasi manusia. Akan tetapi, anehnya mereka menikmati berbagai hasil teknologi Barat. Di mata mereka, demokrasi dan hak-hak asasi manusia adalah produk Barat sehingga harus dilawan karena merusak Islam. Mereka ingin menciptakan sebuah dunia cita-cita berdasarkan tafsiran mereka yang monolitik terhadap Al-Qur’an dan sejarah Nabi. Jika hal ini yang dipegangi, dengan sendirinya Pancasila bukanlah cita-cita mereka. Oleh karena itu, sikap mereka harus disadarkan atau diperangi.
Demokrasi Indonesia dalam Lintasan Sejarah Yang Nyata dan Yang Seharusnya
Authors: Kurniawan Dhani
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK

Demokrasi merupakan konsep pemerintahan yang bermula dari konsep yang dijalankan di polis Athena pada masa Yunani kuno. Konsep tersebut sempat terkubur lama tetapi kembali menemukan jalankan seiring berakhirnya abad pertengahan di Eropa. Demokrasi makin berkembang dan dianggap sebagai sistem yang paling baik. Ide demokrasi telah merasuk ke Indonesia sejak negeri masih menjadi negeri jajahan. Sekelompok kecil pemuda Indonesia yang menjadi saksi perkembangan demokrasi di Eropa mencuri ide demokrasi dan membawanya ke tanah air. Demokrasi kemudian terus mengalami pergumulan dengan cita-cita kemerdekaan. Setelah Indonesia merdeka pergumulan tersebut terus berlanjut. Demokrasi mencari bentuknya melalui jalan yang tidak mudah. Negeri ini mengalami percobaan-percobaan pelaksanaan demokrasi. Sistem demokrasi parlementer yang pada mulanya dianut akhirnya harus jatuh karena fragmentasi politik yang keras. Indonesia lalu menganut demokrasi terpimpin. Suatu konsep yang konon merupakan konsep asli Indonesia tetapi mendapat kritik keras dari banyak pihak dan salah satunya adalah mantan wakil presiden Mohammad Hatta. Demokrasi terpimpin ternyata ambruk bersama dengan tersingkirnya Sukarno. Lahirlah orde baru yang kemudian menganut demokrasi Pancasila. Pada prakteknya demokrasi Pancasila bahkan lebih sentralistik daripada demokrasi terpimpinnya Sukarno. Orde baru jatuh dan demokrasi terus berubah. Demokrasi politik secara prosedural berkembang pesat. Namun nyatanya demokrasi belum membawa hasil yang diharapkan. Masih banyak bolong di sana-sini. Dewasa ini pun diskusi tentang demokrasi masih terus berlanjut. Banyak jalan ditempuh banyak teori terus diimpor. Namun sayang tak banyak yang mengingat kritik dan konsepsi Hatta sebagai jalan untuk kembali menggali demokrasi Pancasila.
MODERNITAS DI BETLEHEM VAN JAVA: KONDISI SOSIAL MUNTILAN DAN MENDUT AWAL ABAD KE-20
Authors: Ningtyas Eka
Published: December 2018

Pendidikan merupakan satu elemen penting pembuka gerbang modernitas di Hindia Belanda. Awal abad ke-20 merupakan masa berkembangnya lembaga pendidikan di Hindia Belanda. Tidak hanya lembaga pendidikan yang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah, namun juga lembaga pendidikan yang dikembangkan oleh organisasi keagamaan maupun pendidikan partikelir. Tulisan ini memiliki fokus pada lembaga pendidikan yang dikembangkan oleh misionaris pada awal abad ke-20 di Muntilan dan Mendut. Tulisan ini bertujuan melihat dinamika sosial yang muncul dari kehadiran lembaga pendidikan misi di Muntilan dan Mendut.

Kata kunci: pendidikan, misi, muntilan, mendut
STUDY OF CLIENT VARIABLES INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RETAIL COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ibragimova L. A. , Gilmullina G. I.
Published: December 2018

There are four groups of indicators influenced on the performance of retail commercial enterprise. They are characteristics of the store (retail space), store location, transport and pedestrian accessibility of the store and the attitude of buyers to the shop (customer metrics). The present paper is dealt with the influence of the fourth group- «customer metrics ". The authors of this article consider such factors of this group as: the work of salespeople and other staff; the internal atmosphere of commercial enterprise; the security area of the enterprise location; brand awareness; additional services. The article describes the application of the proposed approach to the assessment and change forecast of turnover depending on the studied factors using the method of fuzzy logic by the example of the results of such shops as "Ocean" and "Pervomayskiy", retail outlets "Gastronom" format "supermarket", Izhevsk. The authors define term-sets and membership functions for each client criterion. The rule base is also developed. The presence of aggregate functions is implemented by Mamdani logical inference, which uses the min-max composition of fuzzy sets. The adequacy of the proposed mathematical model is performed on the example of results forecasting of investigated stores activities "retail network " Gastronom " format "supermarket" (Izhevsk, Russia) using the software Matlab, and then comparing the calculated value of the average purchase with actual. Monitored client performance on the basis of a network "Gastronom" has also allowed the authors to develop recommendations for shops as described in this article.
PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION OVER PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIES FOR CRIME HARM COMPENSATION
Authors: Ivanov D. A.
Published: December 2018

This article is devoted to entity reviewing and main directions of public prosecutor's supervision over activities of preliminary investigation officials for harm compensation caused by a crime during pre-judicial criminal cases. According to the author of this article one of the directions to support rights and legitimate people interests is to give property and physical harm compensation, moral harm compensation and business reputation compensation. This direction of preliminary investigation department activities is at least important than involvement of guilty persons to criminal responsibility for the purpose of recompense assignment. Role of an investigative authority chief, chief of inquiry subdivision, investigator, interrogator and employees of inquiry department in implementation of current legislation provisions regulating harm compensation, caused by a crime during pre-judicial criminal cases is described. The author shows examples of criminal cases which were sent by the prosecutor to additional investigation according to i.2 p.1 of Art. 221 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. These cases were sent to additional investigation because of inadequate work of above-stated participants of criminal legal proceedings on ensuring harm compensation caused by penal act. The author describes some reasons which have negative impact on public prosecutor's supervision over criminal legal proceeding activities of participants for ensuring harm compensation caused by a crime. Conclusion shows that now public prosecutor's supervision over preliminary investigation activities is up to date. It has a great demand for creation of legal guarantees. These guarantees are very important for those who are the victims of criminal actions and they have all the rights for full-fledged harm compensation. Public prosecutor's supervision is an important feature for procedural prosecutors. It is directed to violation prevention in activities of preliminary investigation and inquiry departments for harm compensation caused by penal acts.
THE USE OF WEAPONS AS A QUALIFYING SIGN OF A CRIME: ANALYSIS OF TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Katbambetov M. I.
Published: December 2018

The paper is devoted to consideration of criminal responsibility for armed crimes. The author speculates about main differences of the terms "weapons" and "weapons", stressing the importance of increasing the effectiveness of preventing crimes committed with the use of weapons. In order to maximize the disclosure of the content of these concepts, the author conducts their grammatical and formal legal analysis. Particular attention is paid to the tendencies and orientations of courts at the federal and regional levels in assessing the objective and subjective features of armed crimes, in particular Art. 111, 112, 115, 126, 127, 162, 206, 211, 213, 227, 313 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and others. Much attention is payed to the definition of the legal status of inappropriate, decommissioned, collection weapons and items withdrawn from civil circulation (kisteni, knuckles, shuriken, boomerangs, etc.). On the basis of the analysis of judicial practice, the author reasonably points out the impossibility and inexpediency of their recognition as a weapon in the criminal legal sense of the word in view of the absence of either a legal or constructive sign of arms established in Federal Law No. 150-FZ of December 13, 1996 (as amended on 06.07. 2016) "On the weapon". The paper studies the concept "apply" in comparison with the concept "use", which are close in meaning. Based on the criminal-legal and grammatical assessment. The author concludes that the using weapons means the objective possibility of its application in real life. The applying of weapons is the direct implementation of the constructive properties of weapons (shot production, striking, etc.).