bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Action of the -Glucosidase of Staohybotrys Atra on P-Nitrophenyl P-Quinovoside
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

p-Nitrophenyl /l-D-quinovopyranoside has been prepared and found to be a substrate for S. atra /l-glucosidase. The affinity of the enzyme for this substrate was an order of magnitude less than for p-nitrophenyl /l-glucoside, but of the same order as for many ortho-substituted aryl /l-glucosides. The Michaelis constant was 3�4 X 1O-4M (3�2 X 1O-5M for p-nitrophenyl /l-glucoside); the ratio V:h.x.!V~ax. was 0 �20 for the two p-nitrophenyl glycosides. It was rather difficult to make accurate measurements with the quinovoside since it was fairly unstable in aqueous solution. The rate of spontaneous decomposition of its solutions in distilled water (pH about 5�5) was some 20 times that of solutions of the glucoside.
Carbohydrate Utilization as a Factor in Plant Growth
Authors: Burt RL
Published: July 2016

The growth of potato plants (Solanum tuber08um L.) was studied over a period of 13 days. The dry weights of the principal organs, leaf areas, and soluble sugar contents of selected leaves were determined on four occasions.
Biochemical and Structural Correlations in Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts Under Isotonic and Hypotonic Conditions
Authors: Spencer D , Unt H
Published: July 2016

Methods are described for obtaining preparations of isolated spinach chloro-plasts which are predominantly either "whole", i.e. retain the outer limiting membrane, or "naked", i.e. with the outer membrane removed. The whole chloro-plasts are shown to retain more of their soluble components as evidenced by higher endogenous capacities for CO.-fixation, photophosphorylation, and light-dependent reduction of triphosphopyridine nucleotide. The isolation is also described of whole chloroplasts whose peripheral jackets have retained the property of mobility seen in living cells.
Host-Controlled Modification of Rhizobium Bacteriophage
Authors: Schwinghamer EA
Published: July 2016

Host-controlled phenotypic variation of host specificity was observed with two rhizobiophage strains, 0Ll and 0L5, following growth on six strains of Rhizobium legumino8arum and R. trifolii. The six hosts could be assigned to four groups, each group representing a different pattern of host specificity. Initial adaptation of 0L5 to hosts L2, L7, and L25 appeared to involve mutation, although replication in cells of these hosts generally involved additional phenotypic restriction. Restricted and unrestricted forms of a phage did not differ significantly in their ability to adsorb to several hosts. One-step analysis of the L25-specific form of 0L5 grown in L25 cells indicated a low average burst size of approximately one unrestricted plaque-forming unit in a small proportion of cells which were able to produce infective centres on L4. One-cycle analysis of L4-specific 0L5 modified by growth in L25 confirmed the phenotypic nature of phage variation in this phage-host system, and indicated that specificity for L4 was not replicated in L25.
An Attempt to Produce Hyperphagia in Sheep by Electrical Damage to the Hypothalamus
Authors: Holmes EG , Fraser FJ
Published: July 2016

Attempts to produce hyperphagia in sheep by establishing electrolytic lesions in the region of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus have been uniformly unsuccessful. The possible implications of this are discussed.
An Apparatus For Measuring Water Potentials in the Xylem of Intact Plants
Authors: Lang ARG , Barrs HD
Published: July 2016

A new method and apparatus for estimating water potentials in the xylem of intact plants are described. The apparatus is based on the thermocouple psychro-meter method of measuring water potentials, but measurements are made on leaves which remain attached to plants. Illustrative experiments are described, in which continuous records of the estimated water potential in the xylem of cotton and pepper plants are given for periods of up to 10 hr.
The Interrelations Between Root Formation and Anthocyanin Synthesis in Red Maple Cuttings: Effects of Gibberellic Acid, Ccc, and 8-Azaguanine
Authors: Bachelard EP
Published: July 2016

A relationship between anthocyanin content and root formation in red maple cuttings has been described earlier (Bachelard and Stowe 1962, 1963). Gibberellic acid inhibits rooting of cuttings, including those of red maple (Bachelard and Stowe 1963), and Furuya and Thimann (1964) have recently shown that anthocyanin synthesis in two species of Spirodela is inhibited by gibberellic acid, which in one of the species is active at extremely low concentrations. It was, therefore, of interest to study the effect of gibberellic acid on anthocyanin formation in the leaves of red maple cuttings.
The Response of Sheep Skin to Topically Applied Substances
Authors: Chapman RE , Short BF
Published: July 2016

Gross hyperplasia of follicle outer root sheaths is associated with the severe crimp abnormality in doggy wool (Chapman, Short, and Hyland 1960; Chapman and Short 1965). The fleece first shows crimp abnormality on the dorsum, the region of highest wax production (Chapman 1962), and the incidence of doggy wool increases with age (Chapman and Short 1964). Larger proportions of "rough fleece" are produced in areas of higher rainfall (Chapman 1964), presumably resulting from the cumulative effects of many factors, including a possible effect on sheep skin of moisture and of solutions applied to sheep for the control of external parasites in the areas of higher rainfall.
Studies on Phytoalexins VII. Chemical Stimulation of Pisatin Formation in Pisum Sativum L.
Authors: R Perrin Dawn , Cruickshank IAM
Published: July 2016

Chemical reagents were tested for their effectiveness to stimulate pisatin production in the endocarp of pea pods. The following compounds were found most active:
The Absorption of Lactic Acid from the Reticulo-Rumen of the Sheep
Authors: Williams VJ , Mackenzie DDS
Published: July 2016

A series of acute experiments has been carried out on sheep to study some of the factors which influence the rate of absorption of lactic acid from the ligated washed�out forestomachs.
The Movement of Solutes Across the Epithelium of the Ducts and Cisterns in the Mammary Gland of the Ewe
Authors: Mackenzie DDS , Lascelles AK
Published: July 2016

The role of the cisterns and large ducts in the overall process of milk secretion has been studied in experiments which have been carried out to determine the change in composition of solutions injected into the mammary gland cisterns of lactating and dry ewes. These solutions contained electrolytes, lactose, and a marker substance and were allowed to remain in the gland for periods of up to 4 hr. The concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, and lactose in the solution injected into lactating glands approached with time that in milk. The data indicated that the rate of change in concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride was more rapid than could be accounted for by the mixing of the injected solution with milk from the ducts. Sodium, potassium, and chloride ions were secreted into solutions in which the concentrations of these ions were lower than those in milk and sodium and chloride ions were absorbed from solutions in which their concentration was higher than that in milk. Water absorption occurred from the solutions containing sodium and chloride ata higher concentration than that in milk. In the dry gland the composition of the solutions injected approached with time that of involution secretion which has a higher sodium and chloride and lower potassium and lactose concentration than normal milk. Lactose was absorbed from dry glands but not from the lactating glands.
Supernumerary Chromosomes in the Marsupial Schoinobates Volans (Kerr)
Authors: Hayman DL , Martin PG
Published: July 2016

The presence of special chromosomes which are additional to, and different from, the normal chromosomes, has been reported in many organisms, particularly in plants (Muntzing 1958). These are variously described as B chromosomes, supernumerary chromosomes, or accessory chromosomes. This communication describes the demonstration of these chromosomes in the greater glider, Schoinobates vo"lans (Kerr). We believe this to be the first report of supernumerary chromosomes in a mammal.
The Effect of Water Stress On [14c]Sucrose Transport in Bean Plants
Authors: Plaut Z , Reinhold Leonora
Published: July 2016

The passage of 14C through stressed and control bean seedlings has been followed after supply of [14C]sucrose to a primary leaf. The course of synthesis of [14C]sucrose into non-ethanol-soluble compounds in the various plant parts was also investigated. Concomitant measurements of relative turgidity were made either on part of the 14C-treated leaf or on the twin opposite leaf.
A Study of the Proteins of the Wool Follicle
Authors: Downes AM , Ferguson KA , Gillespie JM , Harrap BS
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the incorporation at different levels in the developing fibre of 35S into the two main protein fractions of wool. The proteins have been studied as the S-carboxymethyl derivatives rather than as the oxidized derivatives previously investigated. The results obtained give further support for a mechanism of synthesis which involves two stages. However, the incorporation of some 35S into the low-sulphur fraction of the keratinized fibre only 24 hr after the injection of [35S]cystine is somewhat surprising and possible explanations for this have been considered. A detailed comparison has been made of the proteins extracted from the unkeratinized portions of wool roots by 8M urea with those which can be extracted from the keratinized residue with urea-thioglycollate. As might be expected the latter proteins were very similar to those isolated from wool itself. The group of urea-soluble, high-sulphur proteins was different in containing considerable amounts of protein lower in both molecular weight and sulphur content than the comparable fraction from the fully keratinized wool. The possibility is discussed that some of these urea-soluble, high-sulphur proteins may be precursors of those in the fully keratinized fibre, conversion taking place by a process of sulphur enrichment.
Diluents for the Preservation of Ram Spermatozoa I. Diluents Used At 37°C and 5°C Containing Casein
Authors: Martin ICA
Published: July 2016

Ram semen was diluted 40- to 50-fold in various synthetic diluents and the motility of the spermatozoa scored after incubation at 37�C and after slow cooling to, and storage at, 5�C.
Distribution of Transferrin, Albumin, Post-Albumin, Amylase, and Haemoglobin Genotypes in Droughtmaster Cattle
Authors: Ashton GC , Franois J , Ritson JB
Published: July 2016

Three hundred and sixty-one cows from two herds of Droughtmaster beef cattle, representing three cattle pOp'ulations, were typed for five protein polymorphisms. The gene frequencies for the transferrin, post-albumin, and haemoglobin polymorphisms did not differ between the three populations. The gene frequencies for the albumin and amylase polymorphisms were consistent in two populations (classified and non-classified breeders) in one herd, but the frequencies differed significantly in the two herds.
Fungal Cellulases XVI. Alkane-1, O-Diols As Acceptors for the ?-Glucosidase of Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

Using hexane-l,6-diol as an exemplar, methods are developed for estimating the kinetics of the reaction of enzyme and phenyl ,B-D-glucopyranoside with an added acceptor. The effects of pH on the rate of decomposition of the enzymeglucoside- hexanediol complex and on the Micl;laelis constant of the partial reaction of enzyme-hexanediol with glucoside are considerably different from those for the water complex. Some less certain deductions are also made for the reaction of enzyme with butane-l,4-diol and p-nitrophenyl ,B-D-glucopyranoside.
Sucrose Breakdown and Synthesis in the Ripening Grape Berry
Authors: Hardy PJ
Published: July 2016

Sucrose is the major translocated sugar in the grapevine (Swanson and EIShishiny 1958), but in the berry glucose and fructose together make up the bulk of the sugar content at all stages of development (Kliewer 1965a). The inversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose in ripening berries is suggested by the presence of invertase (Arnold 1965) and by the occurrence of approximately equal amounts of glucose and fructose (Kliewer 1965a). During the early stages of berry development, glucose and fructose concentrations are low, but at the onset of ripening there begins a phase of rapid glucose and fructose accumulation (Kliewer 1965a). Besides sugar, the other major soluble constituents of grapes are malate and tartrate. The concentrations of both substances increase rapidly in the immature berry, but when ripening commences sharp decreases occur, particularly in the concentration of malate (Kliewer 1965b). Some workers believe that malate and tartrate are translocated from the leaves (Amerine 1956; Peynaud and Maurie 1958) but there is evidence that some at least of the malate and tartrate is synthesized in the berry (Hale 1962). The mechanisms of the syntheses of malate and tartrate in the berry are not known.
Infrared Reflectances of Plant Leaves
Authors: Wong CL , Blevin WR
Published: July 2016

The total spectral reflectances ofleaves have been measured over the wavelength range 2-12 p.m or 2-14 p'm for 15 plant species, and at the wavelengths 8, 10, and 12 p.m for a further 32 species, the radiation being incident at 10� to the normal. At wavelengths greater than 3 p.m the reflectances are less than 0�05 for the majority of the leaves, and values greater than O� I have been obtained for leaves from only one species. In the 2-3 p'm region higher values of reflectance are common.
Extracuticular Wax and Contact Angle Measurements on Wheat (Triticum Vulgare L.)
Authors: Troughton JH , Hall DM
Published: July 2016

Extracuticular wax and contact angles on wheat were studied because of their influence on the retention of chemical sprays and on disease resistance. Wax formed extensive deposits on wheat, irrespective of variety, stage of growth, or part of the plant, and these deposits overlaid or projected from the cuticle as platelets and rodlets. Platelets covered the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of seedlings and some mature plants, while a net of rodlets covered the ear, culm, sheath, and flag leaf abaxial surface. Rods were occasionally present on the abaxial surface of mature vegetative leaves. Wax influenced the advancing contact angle of water droplets on wheat. Contact angles were all high, i.e. greater than 130� and generally about 150�. The contact angle on the adaxial leaf surface was higher than on the abaxial leaf surface, except on glasshouse-grown reproductive plants, where there was no difference between the two sides. Seedlings had higher contact angles than mature plants, but there was no trend in contact angle with tissue age within a leaf or within a mature plant. The contact angle on the flag leaf of glasshouse-grown reproductive Aotea plants was 24� higher than on a similar plant grown in the field.
The Surface-Area/Body-Weight Relationship in Mice
Authors: Dawson NJ
Published: July 2016

Since Sarrus and Remeaux (see Kleiber 1961, p. 180) first proposed a "surface law", the measured or calculated surface area of animals has been used by many workers as a basis for comparison between individuals and between species in studies of metabolic rate. The history of the surface law has been discussed by Kayser (1951) and by Kleiber (1961). The DuBois standards for determining the surface area of humans have served for many years as a valuable basis for comparison between individuals in physiological and clinical studies of metabolic rate. However, standards similar to the DuBois standards for humans do not exist for other species. The trend in recent work on metabolic rate of animals appears to be to make comparisons on a body-weight basis rather than on a surface-area basis. The work reported in this paper was designed to investigate the usefulness of surface area as a basis for comparison in some studies on metabolic rate of mice.
Collection and Partial Characterization of Volatile Selenium Compounds from Medicago Sativa L.
Authors: Asher CS Evans CJ , Johnson CM
Published: July 2016

Tops and roots of Medicago 8ativa plants raised in culture solution to which 75Se�labelled selenite or selenate had been added were shown to release 0�5-3�0% of their total selenium in volatile form when dried at 70�C for 48 hr. The volatile selenium compounds were collected on activated charcoal.
Preferential Absorption of Potassium by Leaf Tissue of the Mangrove, Avicennia Marina: An Aspect of Halophytic Competence in Coping with Salt
Authors: Rains DW , Epstein E
Published: July 2016

One aspect of the salt tolerance of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, was investigated: the preferential absorption of potassium by leaf tissue in the presence of high concentrations of salt (sodium chloride). The rate of absorption of potassium, over the concentration range 0�02 to 1�5 mM, follows the Michaelis-Menten relation, approaching the theoretical maximum, V max, at 1� 5 mM. The apparent Michaelis constant is 0�20 mM. At higher concentrations, up to 50 mM potassium, the rate of potassium absorption reaches values several times higher than the theoretical maximum calculated on the basis of the relation applying over the low range of concentrations, indicating the operation of a second mechanism of absorption. At both low (1 mM) and high (10 mM) concentrations of potassium, its absorption was little affected by sodium chloride concentrations up to 200 mM. At 10 mM potassium, sodium chloride at concentrations up to and including 500 mM (more than its concentration in sea.water) failed to interfere with the absorption of potassium.
Factors Affecting Concentrations of Dimethylated Indolealkylamines in Phalaris Tuberosa L.
Authors: Moore RM , Williams JD , Chia Joyce
Published: July 2016

In an experiment conducted in controlled� environment rooms, factors (temperature, light intensity, and nitrate supply) that influenced nitrate nitrogen concentrations in Phalaris tuberosa also affected concentrations of tryptamine alkaloids.
Oxalyl-Coenzyme a Synthetase and the Neurotoxin ?-N -Oxalyl-L-?,?-Diaminopropionate
Authors: RJohnston GA , J Lloyd Helen
Published: July 2016

Recent reports of the neurotoxic properties (Rao and Sarma 1967) and the powerful central excitant action (Watkins, Curtis, and Biscoe 1966) of {3-N-oxalyl-L-CG,{3-diaminopropionate have prompted an investigation of enzyme activities associated with this and related amino acid derivatives. This communication describes our studies on the oxalyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity in extracts of Lathryus sativus seeds, and the role of this enzyme in the biosynthesis of the several oxalyl derivatives isolated from these seeds. We have been unable to demonstrate this enzyme activity in mammalian central nervous system extracts
A Crystalline Inclusion In the Chloroplates of the Outer Hyphoderminal Cells of the Banana Fruit
Authors: M Bain Joan
Published: July 2016

Crystalline inclusions have been found in chloroplasts of the outer hypodermal cells of the peel of the banana fruit. Their structure has been observed at varying stages of ripeness of the fruit and, in line with earlier suggestions, a possible storage function is ascribed to them.
The Relationship Between Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and Pea Mosaic Virus.
Authors: Taylor RH , Smith PR
Published: July 2016

The host range, symptomatology, serology, and electron microscopy of one isolate of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and of three isolates of pea mosaic virus (PMV1, PMV2, and PMV3) were compared. All had similar host ranges, but could be differentiated by symptomatology. BYMV, P.~VI, and PMV2 were closely related serologically.
Acetylcholinesterase Insensitivity in the Biarra Strain of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus, as a Cause of Resistance to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Acaricides
Authors: Roulston WJ , Schnitzerling HJ , Schuntner CA
Published: July 2016

The penetration and metabolism of diazinon in cattle tick larvae of the susceptible Yeerongpilly strain and of the organophosphorus- and carbamateresistant Biarra strain showed no difference that could account for the resistance of the Biarra strain to this acaricide. Several compounds known to synergize the effect of carbamates against houseflies did not increase the toxicity of carbaryl to larvae of the Biarra strain, suggesting that detoxification was not a factor in resistance.
Cytoplasmic Ion Exchange During Rest and Excitation in Chara Australis
Authors: Coster HGL , Syriatowicz JC , N Vorobiev L
Published: July 2016

The ion-exchange properties of the cytoplasm are of fundamental importance in determining the overall ionic relations of the cell.
Selection in Reference to Biological Groups III. Generalized Results of Individual and Group Selection in Terms of Parent-Offspring Covariances
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

Transference of the model-building unit from that of the gene to that of the entire genotype permits the consequences of individual and group selection to be given in terms of parent-offspring covariances. This, in turn, solves two basic problems: (1) extending the genetic analysis to any arbitrary level of complexity; and (2) formulating the prediction equations of genetic advance in terms of parameters which are directly estimable
Factors Affecting Viability of Spore Inooulum In Peronospora Tabacina Adam and Lesion Produotion In tobaooo Plants
Authors: Hill AV
Published: July 2016

Inocula containing spores of P. tabacina were used as sprays or drops on
leaves of tobacco plants to determine the effect of various treatments on lesion
production.
Timing of Evocation and Development of Flowers in Pharbitis Nil
Authors: King RW , Evans LT
Published: July 2016

When P. nil seedlings were exposed to a single inductive dark period, the main shoot apex and the lowest axillary bud which had not differentiated more than one leaf primordium underwent floral evocation within about 12 hr of the end of the dark period. The higher axillary buds appeared to be evoked in acropetal sequence over the following 2 days at 28�C, or 4 days at 21�C.
Interaction of Linear Analogues of D-Glucose with the ?-Glucosidase of Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Ermyn MAJ
Published: July 2016

Certain linear analogues of D-glucose appear capable of interacting simultan-eously with both the donor and acceptor centres of the ,a-glucosidase of S. atra. In particular, it has' been shown directly that N-butyl-D-gluconamide can act as an acceptor for glucosyl transfer and indirectly, by extrapolation from the behaviour of related compounds, that it is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. For the generalized formula, D-glitco-CH20H(CHOH)4R, highly polar R groups lead to effective interaction with the donor centre, manifested as competitive inhibition, and less polar R groups to effective interaction with the acceptor centre.
Starch Synthesis and Changes in Uridine Diphosphorlase in the Developing Wheat Grain
Authors: Turner JF
Published: July 2016

The enzymes UDPG pyrophosphorylase and ADPG pyrophosphorylase were assayed during the growth of wheat grains. Changes in fresh weight, dry weight, water, sucrose, reducing sugars, starch, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and soluble nitrogen were followed simultaneously. Throughout development the activity of UDPG pyrophosphorylase per grain was much greater than the activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylase. Both enzymes increased in activity during the phase of starch synthesis and a sharp rise in ADPG pyrophosphorylase was associated with the onset of rapid starch formation. ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity decreased to a very low level when starch formation in the grain ceased. UDPG pyrophosphorylase activity also decreased at this time. Although the participation of UDPG is not excluded, it is suggested that the main substrate for starch synthesis in the wheat grain is ADPG. A mechanism for the synthesis of starch from sucrose is proposed.
Energy-Transducing Reaction in Biologyical Members. IV. A Model of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Ion Accumulation in Mitochondria Based on A Thioachylation Mechanism
Authors: Weiss DE
Published: July 2016

A hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation, and ion transport, in mito-chondria is proposed in which reduction and contraction of a respiratory electron-carrier complex is considered to result in mechanicochemical synthesis, within a membrane, of a thioester crosslink and release of a membrane weak base B:
Freezing Ram Spermatozoa by the Pellet Method. I. the Effect of Diluent Composition on Survival of Spermatozoa
Authors: Salamon S , Lightfoot RJ
Published: July 2016

Five experiments were conducted to examine the effects of different sugars and varying levels of sugar, sodium citrate, and egg yolk in the diluent on the survival of ram spermatozoa following freezing by the pellet method.
Transferrin Polymorphism and Population Structure of the Weddell Seal Leptonychotes Weddelli ( Lesson )
Authors: Shaughnessay PD
Published: July 2016

Variation in the electrophoretic mobility of the iron-binding serum protein transferrin has been reported by Naevdal (1966a) in the harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben), and in a serum protein thought to be transferrin in the ringed seal Pusa hispida (Schreber) (Naevdal 1966b). Transferrin variation has also been found in southern fur seals Arctocephalus spp. of the Australasian region (Shaughnessy, unpublished data).
The Nucleic Acid and Nitrogen Concentration of a Bovine Skeletal Muscle During Emaciation and Repletion
Authors: Robinson DW , Lambourne LJ
Published: July 2016

A feature of animal production in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world is the seasonal emaciation of livestock due to chronic protein and energy depletion during the long, dry seasons and frequent droughts, followed by protein repletion during the shorter wet season (Payne and Hutchinson 1963; Robinson and Sagemen 1967). Bearing the brunt of the protein depletion and probably buffering the effect of protein loss in the essential organs of the body are the skeletal muscles which represent a major protein store in the body (Masters 1963). Although such protein depletion of body tissues occurs in animals exposed to similar climatic conditions throughout the world, little work has been carried out to investigate its severity with respect to nitrogen wastage from muscle cells.
?-Chymotrypsin: A Study of the Promotion of the Deacylation Reaction
Authors: Moore Louise , De Jersey J
Published: July 2016

The effect of indole on the rate of deacylation of acetyl. chymotrypsin has been investigated in detail. In particular, the effects of indole concentration and pH on the magnitude of the increase in the deacylation rate constant have been determined. The deacylation of other acyl�chymotrypsins (formyl., propionyl., and N .formylglycyl.) in the presence of indole has been studied, and benzene, acetamide, and N�acetyltryptamine have been tested as modifiers of the deacylation of formylchymotrypsin. The largest rate enhancement observed was about threefold. Several possible mechanisms for the promotion of the deacylation of acyl�chymotrypsins by hydrophobic compounds are discussed in the light of the results obtained.
The Phenogenetics of A Super-Suppressor in Drosophila Melanogaster I. Phenotypic Characterization and Suppressor Efficiency
Authors: Lee GLG
Published: July 2016

An investigation of the phenotypic characteristics of the super-suppressor Bu(Hw)2 of D. melanogaster was carried out using the suppressible mutant sc1 together with the scutellar, dorsocentral, and vertical bristle systems. The effect of the suppressor was studied in a series of selection lines differing in both their sc1 and sc+ means.
Effect of Light Intensity and Leaf Temperature on Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Wheat and Sorghum
Authors: Downes RW
Published: July 2016

Wheat stomata offered less resistance to water and carbon dioxide diffusion than sorghum stomata at light intensities of 0�06 and 0�26 cal cm-2 min-i (400-700 nm) but resistances were comparable at 0�46 cal cm-2 min-i. Consequently, transpiration rates were higher in wheat than in sorghum, except at the high light levels, in leaf chamber experiments described here. Rates of photosynthesis were higher in sorghum than in wheat, with the greatest difference at high light levels. This resulted in a greater efficiency of dry matter production relative to water use in sorghum. Transpiration rate increased with increased temperature in both species. Photosynthesis was independent of temperature in wheat, and in sorghum under low light conditions, but otherwise photosynthesis increased with temperature in sorghum. In both species, efficiency of water use decreased as temperature increased at all light intensities. Water vapour concentration difference between the intercellular spaces and the air was comparable in wheat and sorghum and increased with temperature. The carbon dioxide concentration difference between air and intercellular spaces was substantially greater in sorghum than in wheat and increased with leaf temperature. Maximum values were obtained at the intermediate light level in sorghum.
Membrane Electrical Behaviour in Nitellopsis Obtusa
Authors: Findlay GP
Published: July 2016

The electrical properties of the two membranes, plasmalemma and tonoplast, bounding the cytoplasm of ' the brackish water characean, NitellopBiB obtUBa, were studied. In a solution approximating the natural pond water, the electrical potential difference between cytoplasm and outside was -141 mY, and between vacuole and cytoplasm +19 mY. The resistance of the plasmalemma was 80,000 n cms, and of the tonoplast, 10,000 n cm2
Selection for Constancy of Expression of the Tabby Gene in the Mouse
Authors: Lyne AG , Henrikson RC , Hollis DE
Published: July 2016

Selection of Tal + mice for 15 vibrissae caused a reduction in variance of the Tal + score and a slight increase in the probit width of the 15 class. There was an increase in mean score and variance of the TalTa and TalY sibs and a slight decrease in mean score and increases in variance of the + I Y sibs. Selection of TalTa and TalY mice for 7 vibrissae caused a reduction in variance and an increase in probit width of the 7 class in the two selected genotypes. The mean score of Tal + sibs declined and their variance increased.
Effects of a Pregermination Pulse Treatment with Morphactin on Pisum Sativum
Authors: Linke RD , Marinos NG
Published: July 2016

A 24�hr pregermination application of morphactin to seeds of P. sativum was found, particularly at the higher concentrations used (1-30 mg/l), to stimulate primary root elongation but partially inhibit the initiation and growth of laterals. The latter effect was accompanied by the production of undifferentiated outgrowths at the base of the primary root and a shift of the region of lateral root formation towards the tip.
Transport of Spermatozoa, and Fertilization in the Ewe Following Cervical and Uterine Insemination Early and Late in Oestrus
Authors: D Killeen and·NW Moore I
Published: July 2016

An experiment is described in which eggs and spermatozoa were recovered from the fallopian tubes of ewes 6 and 24 hr after uterine or cervical insemination carried out at the onset or 24 hr after the onset of oestrus.
Action of Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide on Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis: Batch and Continuous Studies
Authors: PGray P , Rogers PL
Published: July 2016

The kinetics of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol inhibition of S. carlsbergensis were studied in batch and continuous culture. Cycloheximide caused a reduction in the growth rate and the relationship that growth rate was proportional to minus twice the logarithm of the cycloheximide concentration was proposed for the concentration range O� 003-0' 05 mg/I. In batch culture the A group cytochromes were little affected by cycloheximide while the C group (C+C1) showed the most marked changes. Continuous culture revealed little further information due to the indirect effect of the decreasing growth rate on Qo., Qeo., QEtOH and the A, B, and C group cytochromes.
Myooplasma-Like Bodies in French Bean, Dodder, and the Leafhopper Vector of the Legume Little Leaf Agent
Authors: Bowyer JW , Atherton JG
Published: July 2016

Mycoplasma.like bodies were observed in the phloem sieve tube elements of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and dodder (Guscuta australis R.Br.) carrying the legume little leaf disease agent. In dodder they occurred in small groups of approximately 5-30, in contrast to the very large numbers in bean. In bean, some of the bodies were located within the sieve plate pores
Tillering Patterns in Wheat with Special Reference to the Shoot at the Coleoptile Node
Authors: Rawson HM
Published: July 2016

The production order, survival, and grain yields of individual tillers are described for four wheat cultivars grown at commercial planting densities under natural light and two controlled temperature conditions. One of the cultivars was also grown at wide spacing both in a growth room and outside.
Relationship Between Evolutionary Adaptation and Gas Exchange Characteristics of Diverse Sorghum Taxa
Authors: Downes RW
Published: July 2016

Ten species and varieties of Sorghum were conditioned to either full or part sunlight. Gas exchange parameters of attached leaves were determined under a range of levels of photosynthetically active radiation and leaf temperature. S. arundinaceum which originated in the low light environment of equatorial forests was capable of higher rates of photosynthesis and greater stomatal opening if it was conditioned to low rather than high radiation conditions. In this respect it differed from the other species though all have the characteristics of plants with the C4 pathway of photosynthesis. Generally species from high radiation environ. ments were capable of the highest rates of photosynthesis though some exceptions were noted. Genetic implications are briefly discussed.
Regulation of Glutamate Dehydrogenases in Neurospora Crassa as a Response to Carbohydrates and Amino Acids in the Media
Authors: Strickland WN
Published: July 2016

Mycelial pads of N. crassa grown for 48 hr in minimal medium were harvested, washed, and transferred to test media containing a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. When some amino acids served as the sole carbon source, NAD-GDH was induced and the activity of NADP-GDH declined. Addition of sucrose depressed or prevented induction of NAD-GDH while NADP�GDH activity was maintained. Internal amino acid concentrations increased when mycelial pads were incubated in amino acids that induced NAD-GDH, but these accumulated amino acids were only oxidized in the absence of sucrose. The rate of amino acid accumulation decreased if sucrose was present in the media.
Fertility of Progestagen-Treated Ewes in Relation to the Numbers and Concentration of Spermatozoa in the Inseminate
Authors: Allison AJ , Robinson TJ
Published: July 2016

Eight hundred Merino ewes in which oestrus was synchronized with
progestagen.impregnated sponges were incorporated into an experiment of parallelogram
design (4 X 5; n = 40) in which four doses (numbers) of spermatozoa were
inseminated in five concentrations (numbers/ml), which involved a range in volume
of inseminate from 0�012 ml to 1 �6 m!. The purpose was to determine the importance
on fertility of the number of spermatozoa relative to the degree of dilution, i.e. their
concentration and the consequent volume in which a given number was inseminated.
All ewes were inseminated 48 hr after withdrawal of sponges.
Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants III. Leaf Age
Authors: Ludlow MM , Wilson GL
Published: July 2016

Grass and legume plants were grown under near-optimum conditions in
controlled-environment cabinets. Changes in net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration
rate, and carbon dioxide transfer resistances during leaf ontogeny, and variability
between leaves on grass tillers and legume runners were studied under controlled
conditions in an open gas analysis system.
Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies In Ruminants II. Organic and Inorganic Sulphur Excretion by Sheep After Intraruminal or Intraduodenal Infusions of Sodium Sulphate
Authors: Bird PR
Published: July 2016

A basal ration containing 0�86 g sulphur was fed daily to sheep receiving a
continuous intraruminal or intraduodenal infusion supplying 0-6 g sulphur, as
sodium sulphate, per day.
Nitrate Accumulation and Reduction in Papaw Fruits
Authors: Menary RC , Jones RH
Published: July 2016

Nitrate reductase activity was present in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of the papaw. In fruits, the location and activity of nitrate reductase varied with stage of maturation. Nitrate reductase activity was induced in the exocarp of green and mature green fruits by light and light plus exogenous nitrate. The endogenous nitrate in the exocarp of ripe fruit was not available for reduction and hence no induction occurred in the presence of light only. As fruit tissues comll1enced to show colour changes, there was a marked loss in their nitrate reductase activity. At the mature green stage of maturity, phloem transport appeared to predominate over xylem transport and this reduced the net influx of nitrate to fruit. The levels of nitrate observed in fruits at various stages of maturity may be explained in terms of the following: changes in nitrate reductase activity associated with fruit maturation; the availability of endogenous nitrate for reduction; factors controlling the net influx of nitrate into fruits and distribution of nitrate within fruits.
Ultrastructure of Spermine-Treated Escherichia Coli, Including a Polar Organelle Concerned With Envelope Synthesis
Authors: Cho KY , Doy CH
Published: July 2016

Sections of spermine-treated, wild-type E. coli W showed intracytoplasmic membranes and tubules, both of which were associated with the nucleoplasm. Ribosomes were frequently arranged linearly or in clusters and linked by fibrils. DNA fibrils were rarely detected.
Metabolism of [14C]Formaldehyde When Fed to Ruminants as an Aldehyde-Casein-Oil Complex
Authors: Mills SC , Sharry LF , Cook LJ , Scott TW
Published: July 2016

Formaldehyde has been used to protect proteins and lipids from metabolism in the rumen, and the present studies were designed to investigate the metabolism of [140]formaldehyde when given to ruminants as an aldehyde-casein-oil complex. Approximately 60-80% of the consumed [140]formaldehyde was metabolized to carbon dioxide and methane, a further 11-27% was excreted in the faeces, and 5-6% was accounted for in the urine. The amount of radioactivity excreted either in the expired air or faeces appeared to be dependent on the length of the reaction time between the aldehyde and casein prior to feeding. Small amounts of 140 radio� activity were detected in body tissues and milk, but this was not present as formalde� hyde. It is concluded that ruminants effectively metabolize formaldehyde and there is no accumulation of this compound in the carcass or milk.
The Action of Abscisic Acid on Ion Uptake and Water Flow in Plant Roots
Authors: Cram WJ , Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

Abscisic acid was shown to inhibit transport of potassium and chloride from the cut ends of excised barley and maize roots. Transport to the shoot of intact barley seedlings was also inhibited. Total uptake into the excised root of barley did not appear to be affected by abscisic acid. There was an increase in tracer accumulated in the root accompanying the reduction in transport from the cut end. Concentrations of abscisic acid above 10-6M produced the maximum effect.
The Contribution by Leaves of Different Age to New Growth of Subterranean Clover Plants Following the Removal of a Sulphur Stress I. Origin and Distribution of Dry Matter
Authors: Bouma D , Greenwood EAN , Dowling EJ
Published: July 2016

During the first 3 days after transfer of moderately sulphur-deficient plants (S1) to full nutrient solutions, the relative growth rate (Rw) was considerably lower than that of plants raised at higher sulphur levels (S2 and Sa). This was reflected in a lower leaf area ratio of the S1 plants, and particularly in a reduction of nearly 50% in the net assimilation rate (EA). Net losses in dry matter from younger emerged leaves and petioles accounted for 25% of the dry matter in new leaves and petioles of S1 plants produced during this period.
The Importance of High Temperatures in the Induction of the Resting Phase of Pinus Elliottii
Authors: Slee MU , Shepherd KR
Published: July 2016

Whilst Vegis(1953, 1956) outlined the importance of high temperatures in the induction of a resting phase in plants, his findings have generally been overlooked. by forest physiologists, who usually regard day length as the most important parameter in the induction of the resting phase (see, for example, Kramer and Kozlowski 1960 and Longman 1969). Two recent experiments groWing seedlings of slash pine (Pinus eUiottii Engelm. var eUiottii L. & D.) in controlled environments have demonstrated the existence of a temperature X day length interaction in the induction of the resting phase and have shown the resting condition can be induced under constant day length by a change to a higher temperature regime.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of a Feather Keratin From Emu (Dromaius Novae-Hollandiae)
Authors: O'donnelI IJ , Suzuki E
Published: July 2016

The complete amino acid sequence of one of the two major components comprising the rachis and calamus of emu (D. novae-hollandiae) feather keratin has been determined.
Enzyme Activity of the Cytochrome System of the Egg and Larva of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus)
Authors: Shanahan AG , O'hagan JE
Published: July 2016

The enzymatic activities of the succinate-<;ytochrome c reductase system, the NADH--cytochrome c reductase system, the NADH oxidase system, and cytochrome c oxidase were determined spectrophotometrically in particulate preparations of eggs and larvae of B. micro plus.
The Use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Diagnosis and Study of Metabolic Disorders I. the Screening and Identification of Urinary and Serum Amino Acids
Authors: Williams KM , Halpern B
Published: July 2016

The common urinary and serum amino acids have been separated and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of their neopentylidene alkyl ester derivatives.
The Melanocyte System of Cattle Skin I. Amelanotic Dendritic Cells of Epidermis
Authors: Schleger AV , Bean KG
Published: July 2016

The amelanotic dendritic cells of cattle skin have been studied using the histochemical reactions for non-specific alkaline phosphatase and specific cholinesterase. These epidermal cells in cattle skin show no reaction for adenosine triphosphatase.
The Rapid Movement of the Bladder of Utricularia Sp
Authors: Sydenham PH , Findlay GP
Published: July 2016

The changes which occur in the internal pressure, volume, membrane potential difference (p.d.), and membrane resistance during the firing of bladders of Utricularia sp. are described.
The distribution of Red Cell Lactate Dehydrogenase Types in Gray Kangaroos
Authors: Clark Peggy , Poole WE
Published: July 2016

Protein markers have been used to determine genetic differences in animal populations. Electrophoresis on disc acrylamide gels of red cell haemolysates from two reproductively isolated species of grey kangaroos, the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790. and the western grey kangaroo, M. juliginosus (Desmarest, 1817), revealed two patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, phenotypes D and E, and also Em, a modified form of phenotype E.
Control of Non-Allelic Recombination in Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Catcheside DG , Corcoran D
Published: July 2016

Two different recombination genes each control both allelic recombination and non-allelic recombination at a number of well-defined places in the genome of N. crassa. The dominant gene rec-3+ reduces allelic recombination at the am-l and his-2loci and in the segment between sn and his-2. The dominant gene rec-2+ reduces allelic recombination at the his-3 locus and in the three separate segments pyr-3 his-5, his-3 ad-3, and arg-3 sn. It is possible that rec-l+, which reduces allelic recombination at the his-l locus, also reduces non-allelic recombination between his-2 and his-3. The identity of rec-x with rec-3 is very highly probable; the identity of rec-w with rec-2 is also highly probable.
Kidney Function and Net Glucose Production in Normal and Acidotic Sheep
Authors: Mcintosh GH , H Filsell O , Jarrett IG
Published: July 2016

Net glucose production and renal function were assessed simultaneously in normal sheep which were subsequently made acidotic by ammonium chloride administration. Arteriovenous differences in glucose concentration were measured, together with p-aminohippuric acid and inulin clearances in one kidney. In normal sheep there was a small net output of glucose by the kidney [20 Ilg min- 1 (kg body weight)-l] which was increased threefold during acidosis. The increase was associated with an elevated venous-arterial difference in glucose concentration and a fall in renal blood flow, while glomerular filtration rate did not change. The increase in the proportion of blood being filtered indicates that there is a greater perfusion of the active zone of the cortex, which is the major site of glucose production in the kidney. This suggests that changed intrarenal events are associated with the physiological response of the kidney to altered acid-base status. The contribution by the kidneys to the overall glucose requirements in sheep, even during acidosis, is unlikely to be greater than 6%.
Dehydration of Macromolecules II. Protective Effects of Certain Anions on Ribulosediphosphate Carboxylase Subjected to Low Water Potentials in Vitro
Authors: Steer BT
Published: July 2016

Studies of the instability of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase at low water potentials, generated in a pressure-membrane apparatus, have been continued. The presence of phosphate, pyrophosphate, citrate, or ribulose diphosphate during treatment protects the protein against fragmentation. Tris-sulphate, sodium sulphate, tetra-alkyl ammonium salts, or polyvinylpyrrolidone do not afford protection.
A Water-soluble Arabinogalactan-Peptide From Wheat Endosperm
Authors: Fincher GB , Stone BA
Published: July 2016

The water-soluble polymeric components of wheat endosperm have been extracted by two different procedures and their chemical composition studied in detail. Water extracts of wheat flour that had first been treated with hot 80% ethanol contained only 2% protein, but if the ethanol treatment was omitted up to 20% of the extracted polymeric fraction was low-molecular-weight non-dialysable protein material. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation in caesium chloride solutions indicated that most of this protein was free, whereas the 2% protein in the water extract of ethanol-treated flottr was firmly bound to a polysaccharide. This bound protein (a peptide) was characterized by high levels of hydroxyproline (16-20% of the amino acids present).
The Acute Biochemical Response of the Starved Rabbit Liver in Situ to Glucose Infusion
Authors: Williams JF , Irving MG , Blackmore PF , Regtop HL , Clark MG
Published: July 2016

Increasing the blood glucose levels from 88 to 400 mg/IOO ml in rabbit liver in situ during 5-min time intervals resulted in a decrease in the production of C02 from C-I of liver glucose together with a slight increase in the oxidation of C-6 of glucose; this was caused by a high glucose-induced decrease in the activity of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Increasing the glucose concentrations also resulted in a threefold increase in the levels of palmitoyl- and stearoyl-CoA esters at a glucose load of 0�8 g; this is consistent with a specific feed-back inhibition of the production of NADPH by reactions of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway by long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs. A decrease in plasma free fatty acids occurred when blood glucose levels were raised; this was associated with an increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in liver.