bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wavepacket dynamical study of H-atom tunneling in catecholate monoanion: the role of intermode couplings and energy flow
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debabrata , Ramesh Sai G.
Published: December 2022

Wavepacket simulations of catecholate monoanion in 2D and 3D mode spaces show the dynamical role of the important modes in the H-atom double-well tunneling process of the molecule.
Polarization-resolved and helicity-resolved Raman spectra of monolayer XP3 (X = Ge and In)
Authors: Huang Haiming , Liu Huijun , Ding Mingquan , Wang Weiliang , Zhang Shaolin
Published: December 2022

Monolayer GeP3 and InP3 exhibit different polarization-resolved and helicity-resolved Raman spectra and Raman-active phonons are categorized as a guidance for experiment.
Anomalously supercooled H2–D2 mixtures flowing inside a carbon nano tube
Authors: Chang I-Ya , Yamaoka Shutaro , Hyeon-Deuk Kim
Published: December 2022

The differently enhanced nuclear quantum effects of purely isotopic mixtures essentially influence their flow-induced adsorption and supercooling inside a carbon nano tube, which should be distinguished from a dilute gas adsorption.
Nitrogen–phosphorus codoped carbon nanotube sponges for detecting volatile organic compounds: experimental and DFT calculations
Authors: Martínez-Iniesta Armando D. , Muñoz-Sandoval Emilio , Morán-Lázaro Juan P. , Morelos-Gómez Aarón , López-Urías Florentino
Published: December 2022

Carbon nanotube sponges codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus have been proposed to detect gas vapors based on ethanol, acetone, cyclohexane, isopropanol, and methanol.
Recent advances in quantum theory on ro-vibrationally inelastic scattering
Authors: Yang Dongzheng , Guo Hua , Xie Daiqian
Published: December 2022

This perspective reviews the recent advances in the time-independent approach to quantum mechanical characterization of ro-vibrationally inelastic scattering for tetratomic systems.
A neutral mononuclear rhenium(i) complex with a rare in situ-generated triazolyl ligand for the luminescence “turn-on” detection of histidine
Authors: Thanasekaran Pounraj , Huang Jui-Hsiang , Jhou Cing-Rou , Tsao Hsiang-Chun , Mendiratta Shruti , Su Cing-Huei , Liu Ching-Ping , Liu Yen-Hsiang , Huang Jui-Hsien , Lu Kuang-Lieh
Published: December 2022

A rare in situ-generated mononuclear rhenium complex [Re(bpt)(CO)3(NH3)] (1, bpt = 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolate) can be used as a “turn-on” luminescent probe for selectively sensing l-histidine against other amino acids.
Alkali metal⋯methyl short contacts in aluminates: more than agostic interactions
Authors: Damián Jesús , Rentero Christian , Echeverría Jorge , Mosquera Marta E. G.
Published: December 2022

Short contacts between alkali metal cations and methyl groups in aluminates, traditionally considered agostic interactions, can be rationalized in terms of an electron-rich carbon atom and its interaction with the cation.
Acrylated soybean oil: a key intermediate for more sustainable elastomeric materials from silicones
Authors: Melendez-Zamudio Miguel , Donahue-Boyle Erin , Chen Yang , Brook Michael A.
Published: December 2022

The myriad benefits of silicone polymers can be made more sustainable by replacing much of the elastomer body with acrylated soybean oil. The crosslinked copolymers are simply made without catalysts using an aza-Michael reaction.
Metal-free, I2-promoted direct synthesis of 2-cyano-substituted maleimides via a unique 3,3-dicyano-2-arylacrylic acid intermediate
Authors: Sarkar Prabhat , Saha Pinaki , Ghosh Prasanta , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: December 2022

A metal-free one-pot domino protocol has been developed towards the synthesis of 2-cyano substituted maleimides via a unique intermediate, 3,3-dicyano-2-arylacrylic acid by applying I2/DMSO system avoiding the conventional carbonylation technique.
Practice-Based Coaching for Speech-Language Pathologists Supporting Paraeducators and Speech-Language Pathology Assistants
Authors: Dennis Lindsay R. , Farquharson Kelly , Reed Anne C. , Summy Rebecca , Clark Kimberline G. , Westmoreland Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This tutorial is designed for speech-language pathologists who supervise speech-language pathology assistants (SLP-As) and/ or paraeducators. SLP-As and paraeducators often support young children with disabilities within early childhood settings, but do not always have access to professional development to learn and/or enhance their skill set. Practice-based coaching (PBC) provides a collaborative framework under which professionals can effectively implement instructional strategies with fidelity to support preschool children with language delays.

Conclusions:

In this tutorial, we will share the components of PBC including implementation materials that can be immediately utilized by SLPs. We will also share methods for embedding effective vocabulary instruction into shared book reading sessions to ensure early literacy instruction is more accessible to learners with varying educational needs.
Espérance de vie et Covid : remettre les pendules à l’heure
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: December 2022

Life expectancy (LE) is an objective and highly reliable marker for events affecting demography. Analysing LE changes during the Covid pandemic shows widely different situations in a sample of 29 countries, highlighting comparatively efficient management in most Western European countries, in contrast to catastrophic results in Eastern Europe and in the United States. Loss of LE is also inversely correlated with vaccination uptake, confirming the efficacy of vaccines at the population level.
Künstliche Intelligenz bei Störungen des Mineral- und Knochenhaushalts bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Ketteler Markus
Published: December 2022

In der modernen Medizin nehmen mathematische Algorithmen und digitale Medien, telemedizinische Anwendungen und Überwachungen sowie künstliche Intelligenz (KI) eine wachsende Bedeutung ein. In der radiologischen Befundung beispielsweise werden bereits fachärztliche und Computer basierte Befundungen abgeglichen, insbesondere wenn es sich bei letzterer um ein lernendes System handelt. Je komplexer die Datenlage bzw. die Systeme, desto vielversprechender erscheinen mathematische Algorithmen, um zu fundierten Diagnostik- bzw. Therapieansätzen zu kommen.
HIF-PH-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der renalen Anämie
Authors: Schröppel Bernd
Published: December 2022

Die bisherige Standardbehandlung der renalen Anämie umfasst die Sicherstellung ausreichender Eisenspeicher und die Verabreichung von Erythropoetin-Stimulanzien (ESA). Eine medikamentöse Alternative zu ESA sind nun Wirkstoffe, die HIF-PH (HIF: Hypoxie induzierbarer Faktor; PH: Prolylhydroxylasen) inhibieren. Denn Prolylhydroxylasen vermitteln den sauerstoffabhängigen Abbau von HIF und regulieren so die zelluläre Antwort auf Hypoxie in der Anämie und eine Reihe anderer chronischer Erkrankungen. HIF-PH-Inibitoren (HIF-PHI) sind eine neue Klasse oraler Medikamente, die HIF aktivieren und durch mehrere Mechanismen die Erythropoese steigern. HIF-PHI erhöhen nicht nur die Produktion von Erythropoetin und optimieren den Eisenmetabolismus, sondern besitzen durch die Vielzahl an HIF-regulierten Genen weitere zielgerichtete Wirkungen. Basierend auf den Daten zur Korrektur der renalen Anämie und zur Sicherheit bei dialysepflichtigen und nichtdialysepflichtigen Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) ist diese neue Wirkstoffklasse eine Alternative zu ESA. Die Europäische Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) hat Roxadustat im August 2021 für die klinische Anwendung in der Europäischen Union zugelassen.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: December 2022

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Electrochemical Synthesis of 3-Sulfonylindoles via Annulation of o-Alkynylanilines with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Huang Shenlin , Jiang Ping , Liu Rui , Meng Xiangtai , Zheng Binnan , Zheng Yu
Published: December 2022

An electrochemical method to synthesize 3-sulfonylindoles from o-alkynylanilines and sodium sulfinates is disclosed. Featuring external oxidant-free, transition metal-free, and mild conditions, this sustainable approach tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies are presented, revealing that (E)-bis(sulfonyl)stilbenes appear to be the key intermediates in this transformation.
Multivariate trace inequalities, p-fidelity, and universal recovery beyond tracial settings
Authors: Junge Marius , LaRacuente Nicholas
Published: December 2022

Trace inequalities are general techniques with many applications in quantum information theory, often replacing the classical functional calculus in noncommutative settings. The physics of quantum field theory and holography, however, motivates entropy inequalities in type III von Neumann algebras that lack a semifinite trace. The Haagerup and Kosaki Lp spaces enable re-expressing trace inequalities in non-tracial von Neumann algebras. In particular, we show this for the generalized Araki–Lieb–Thirring and Golden–Thompson inequalities from the work of Sutter et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 352(1), 37 (2017)]. Then, using the Haagerup approximation method, we prove a general von Neumann algebra version of universal recovery map corrections to the data processing inequality for relative entropy. We also show subharmonicity of a logarithmic p-fidelity of recovery. Furthermore, we prove that the non-decrease of relative entropy is equivalent to the existence of an L1-isometry implementing the channel on both input states.
Inferences of hot electron preheat and its spatial distribution in OMEGA direct drive implosions
Authors: Christopherson A. R. , Betti R. , Forrest C. J. , Howard J. , Theobald W. , Campbell E. M. , Delettrez J. , Rosenberg M. J. , Solodov A. A. , Stoeckl C. , Patel D. , Gopalaswamy V. , Cao D. , Peebles J. , Edgell D. , Seka W. , Epstein R. , Scullin W. , Radha P. B. , Wei M. S. , Regan S. P. , Gatu Johnson M. , Simpson R.
Published: December 2022

Hot electrons generated from laser plasma instabilities degrade performance of direct drive implosions by preheating the deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel resulting in early decompression and lower areal densities at stagnation. A technique to quantify the hot electron preheat of the dense DT fuel and connect it to the degradation in areal density is described in detail. Hot electrons are measured primarily from the hard x-rays they emit as they slow down in the target. The DT preheat is inferred from a comparison of the hard x-ray signals between a DT-layered implosion and its mass equivalent ablator only implosion. The preheat energy spatial distribution within the imploding shell is inferred from experiments using high Z payloads of varying thicknesses. It is found that the electrons deposit their energy uniformly throughout the shell material. For typical direct-drive OMEGA implosions driven with an overlapped intensity of ∼9·1014 W/cm2, approximately ∼0.02%–0.03% of the laser energy is converted into preheat of the stagnated fuel which corresponds to areal density degradations of 10%–20%. The degradations in areal density explain some of the observed discrepancies between the simulated and measured areal densities.
An extraction system design with a strongly inhomogeneous electric field for a JYFL electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Vybin S. S. , Izotov I. V. , Skalyga V. A.
Published: December 2022

A new ECR ion source extraction system has been designed. The design is based on the extraction conditions of the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS, and its performance is compared to the existing extractor via numerical modeling. The aim is to improve the formation and quality of high-intensity ion beams. The plasma and the puller electrodes shape were changed. The plasma electrode has a narrow tip extruding toward the puller. It causes the electric field to increase near the plasma meniscus and subsequent higher ion velocity growth rate, which leads to the beam space charge reduction at fixed current and acceleration voltage. The extractor was developed with the ion optical code IBSimu. The initial beam parameters were taken from the experimental data. The calculations showed that the new extraction system allows to increase the total extracted current without compromising the beam quality. The new design allows the beam formation optimization for lower extraction voltages overcoming the present space charge limit.
The mass of an asymptotically hyperbolic end and distance estimates
Authors: Chai Xiaoxiang , Wan Xueyuan
Published: December 2022

Let (M, g) be a completely connected n-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold without boundary such that the scalar curvature satisfies Rg ≥ −n(n − 1), and let E⊂M be an asymptotically hyperbolic end. We prove that the mass functional of the end E is timelike future-directed or zero. Moreover, it vanishes if and only if (M, g) is isometrically diffeomorphic to the hyperbolic space. We also consider the mass of an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold with a compact boundary, and we prove that the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by a function defined by using distance estimates. For applications, the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by −(n − 1) or the scalar curvature satisfies Rg ≥ (−1 + κ)n(n − 1) for any positive constant κ less than one.
Epitaxial growth of high quality Mn3Sn thin films by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Gao Dong , Peng Zheng , Zhang Ningbin , Xie Yunfei , Yang Yucong , Yang Weihao , Xia Shuang , Yan Wei , Deng Longjiang , Liu Tao , Qin Jun , Zhong Xiaoyan , Bi Lei
Published: December 2022

Noncollinear antiferromagnet Weyl semimetal Mn3Sn has recently attracted great research interest. Although large anomalous Hall effect (AHE), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), and magneto-optical effect have been observed in Mn3Sn, most studies are based on single crystals. So far, it is still challenging to grow high quality epitaxial Mn3Sn thin films with transport and optical properties comparable to their single crystal counterparts. Here, we report the structure and magneto-optical and transport properties of epitaxial Mn3Sn thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Highly oriented Mn3+xSn1−x (0001) and (112¯0) epitaxial films are growth on single crystalline Al2O3 and MgO substrates. Large anomalous Hall effect up to ΔρH=3.02 μΩ cm and longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect with |θK| = 38.1 mdeg at 633 nm wavelength are measured at 300 K, which are comparable to Mn3Sn single crystals. Our work demonstrates that high quality Mn3Sn epitaxial thin films can be fabricated by PLD, paving the way for future device applications.
The ionic and ground states of gamma-pyrone. The photoionization spectrum studied by synchrotron radiation and interpreted by configuration interaction and density functional calculations
Authors: Palmer Michael H. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Aitken R. Alan , Sonecha Dheirya K.
Published: December 2022

A synchrotron-based photoionization spectrum up to 27 eV represents a considerable improvement in resolution over early He(I) and He(II) spectra. Symmetry-adapted coupled cluster calculations of the ionic state sequence give the sequence of state vertical ionization energies (VIE) as 12B2 < 12B1 < 12A2 < 22B1 < 12A1. Generally, these symmetry-adapted cluster configuration interactions VIE match reasonably well with the experimental spectrum over this wide energy range. Density functional calculations of the corresponding adiabatic terms (AIE) were also performed. Higher energy ionic states were determined by complete active space self-consistent field methods; these include all π-ionizations and some σ-ionic states. These were analyzed by Franck–Condon (FC) procedures and compared with an experiment. The spectral onset is complex, where two states, later shown to be the 12B2 and 12B1 states, are strongly overlapping. The superposition of the FC vibrational structure in the 12B2 and 12B1 states accounts for most of the peaks arising at the onset of the photoelectron spectra. However, the small separation between these two ionic states makes vibronic interaction fairly inevitable. In the absence of Herzberg–Teller analyses for ionic states, we have sought and determined a transition state between the 12B2 and 12B1 states, showing that vibronic coupling does occur. The lack of degradation in the vibrational envelope of the higher of the two states contrasts with our previous work on the halogenobenzenes, where overlapping state envelopes led to considerable widening of the line width at half-height of the higher energy states.
Real-time electronic energy current and quantum energy flux in molecules
Authors: Takatsuka Kazuo , Arasaki Yasuki
Published: December 2022

Intra- and inter-molecular electronic energy current is formulated by defining the probability current of electronic energy, called the energy flux. Among vast possible applications to electronic energy transfer phenomena, including chemical reaction dynamics, here we present a first numerical example from highly excited nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics of a boron cluster B12.
Entropymetry for detecting microcracks in high-nickel layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Kim Hyunjae , Kim Inwoo , Chang Barsa , Choi Jang Wook
Published: December 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) are imposing ever-challenging standards on the lifetime and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); consequently, real-time nondestructive monitoring of battery cell degradation is highly desired. Unfortunately, high-nickel (Ni) layered oxides, the preferred LIB cathodes for EVs, undergo performance degradation originating from microcrack formation during cycling. Entropymetry is introduced as a real-time analytic tool for monitoring the evolution of microcracks in these cathodes along the state of charge. The entropy change of the layered cathode is associated with the lattice configuration and reflects the structural heterogeneity relevant to the evolution of these microcracks. The structural heterogeneity was correlated with peak broadening in in-situ X-ray diffractometry while varying the experimental conditions that affect crack formation such as the upper cutoff voltage during charging and the Ni-content of the active material. Entropymetry, proposed here as a nondestructive diagnostic tool, can contribute greatly to the safe and reliable operation of LIBs for EVs.
Superconducting phase transition reveals an electromagnetic coupling to a scalar field potential that generates mechanical work
Authors: Gibbons Mark
Published: December 2022

Pressure-induced, spontaneous diamagnetism associated with critical behaviour is determined experimentally in a polar dielectric fluid containing nanoscale, clathrate hydrate cage structures. As with Type II superconductivity, Abrikosov vortices come to penetrate the external diamagnetic field such that it reduces to zero for particular values of the magnet flux. The external magnetic field is thus revealed to be the order parameter that signifies a phase transition between Type II superconducting behaviour and a dual of Type I superconducting behaviour. This phase transition is described by a distinctive universality class of critical exponents. The Abrikosov vortices are interpreted as effective magnetic monopole defects associated with the non-equilibrium, geometrically frustrated system. The magnitude of the spontaneous Type I response is consistent with exponential coupling of the spontaneous magnetism with an external scalar field potential made accessible through inertia and hyperbolic geometry. Under this interpretation, magnetic monopole defects act as inhomogeneous nucleation sites able to expand or contract the volume of the system in an analogue of cosmological inflation. The quantum vacuum origin of the scalar field is held responsible for the resulting mechanical work, so representing a potentially unlimited source of zero-emissions energy.
3D conductive iron fluoride (III) cathode with high loading for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Qinting , Li Xifei , Li Jun , Wang Jingjing , Cao Guiqiang , Duan Ruixian , Zhang Zheng , Cao Yanyan , Li Wenbin , Hu Junhua
Published: December 2022

The conversion-typed FeF3 cathode, while having high theoretical capacities, suffers seriously from low intrinsic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and side reactions in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In particular, composites with high loading FeF3 show poor cycling performance. This paper proposes an effective strategy for nanoconfinement in the 3D conductive matrix to address the aforementioned challenges of FeF3. FeF3 nanoparticles are only 10–50 nm due to being nanoconfined. The loading of the composite is as high as 81.89%, which is the highest compared to other composites reported previously. The prepared iron fluoride-carbon nanofiber composites offer high reversible capacities of as high as 313 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Moreover, it shows an enhanced cycle stability of 88.4% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the 3D conductive network as well as the nanoconfinement of FeF3, which achieve a good capacitance-controlled process by accelerating electron transport while shortening the ion transport path. It is believed that this work provides an efficacious strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of conversion-typed metal fluoride cathodes for LIBs.
Dual band symmetry-protected terahertz bound states in the continuum inside the spoof localized surface plasmon induced-transparency windows
Authors: Du Mingjie , Zhao Zhenyu , Qin Hua , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath
Published: December 2022

A new phenomenon of dual band symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC) is revealed inside the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) windows. A metasurface of circular periodically grooved cavity integrated with a complimentary symmetric double-gap split-ring resonator (DSRR) is employed. Intrinsic spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) interferes destructively with dipole oscillation of DSRR. A PIT phenomenon is generated between the two bright side-modes (ν
1 = 0.49 THz, ν
2 = 0.79 THz) when the metasurface is in C
2v
symmetry. The displacement of upper-gap (while keeping the lower gap fixed) of DSRR results in three dark modes inside the frequency range of induced transparency windows, two of which are quasi-BIC. At a relatively low degree of asymmetry, one anapole dark mode ν
3 = 0.55 THz dominate quasi-BIC I and another magnetic dipole coupled quadrupole dark mode ν
4 = 0.75 THz dominates quasi-BIC II. At a relatively larger degree of asymmetry, one more dark mode ν
5 = 0.75 THz occurs in the frequency spectra as is a tilted SLSP intrinsic mode. Since the dark mode ν
5 is not sensitive to the asymmetric displacement of DRSS. A coupled five oscillators’ model reveal that coupling strength with free space and the damping ratios are attributed to the asymmetry of the structure. The leaky channels of both BICs have a much lower damping ratio than the bright side-mode of PIT. The coupling coefficients indicate that quasi-BIC I is affiliated to the lower frequency bright side-mode ν
1, and quasi-BIC II is affiliated to the higher frequency bright side-mode ν
2. The measured Q factors fit well with the relation function of geometric asymmetry, among which the maximum Q factor measured of the quasi-BIC-II exceeds 20. The realization of above results paves a new way to achieve dual band terahertz quasi-BIC by tuning SLSP-induced transparency window. This provides a feasible solution for the design of multi-band terahertz thin-film sensors.
Irreversible switching of vortex core in Pac-man nanodisks induced by rotating magnetic fields
Authors: Xu Min , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Jinyu , Hu Changjing , Chen Wenlong , Chen Yuliang
Published: December 2022

Vortex has attracted great attention recently due to its potential applications in information storage, nano-oscillators and logic devices. The control of vortex polarity is key to the devices based on vortex. In this paper, an irreversible vortex core (VC) switching in Pac-man disks has been investigated by micromagnetic simulations. The switching process is closely related to the evolution of energy densities and there is a sharp peak in the local exchange energy density when VC switching occurs. Irreversible switching of VC can be realized due to the weak interaction between reversed vortex and rotating magnetic field. In the process of VC reversal, the positive and negative magnetization regions of the gyrofield are separated. Moreover, the switching time of VC decreases monotonously with frequency under rotating magnetic fields. When one direction of the rotating magnetic field is turned off, the difference in switching time is attributed to the different motion behaviors of vortex. This work benefits the potential storage applications in vortex-based spintronic devices.
Plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem for magnetic exchange constants: application to bulk Fe, Co and Ni
Authors: Durhuus Frederik L , Skovhus Thorbjørn , Olsen Thomas
Published: December 2022

We present a plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem, which provides a first principles framework for extracting exchange constants parameterizing a classical Heisenberg model description of magnetic materials. It is shown that the full microscopic exchange tensor may be expressed in terms of the static Kohn–Sham susceptibility tensor and the exchange-correlation magnetic field. This formulation allows one to define arbitrary magnetic sites localized to predefined spatial regions, hence rendering the problem of finding Heisenberg parameters independent of any orbital decomposition of the problem. The susceptibility is calculated in a plane wave basis, which allows for systematic convergence with respect to unoccupied bands and spatial representation. We then apply the method to the well-studied problem of calculating adiabatic spin wave spectra for bulk Fe, Co and Ni, finding good agreement with previous calculations. In particular, we utilize the freedom of defining magnetic sites to show that the calculated Heisenberg parameters are robust towards changes in the definition of magnetic sites. This demonstrates that the magnetic sites can be regarded as well-defined and thus asserts the relevance of the Heisenberg model description despite the itinerant nature of the magnetic state.
A highly scalable and autonomous spectroscopic radiation mapping system with resilient IoT detector units for dosimetry, safety and security
Authors: Russell-Pavier Frederick S , Kaluvan Suresh , Megson-Smith David , Connor Dean T , Fearn Samuel J , Connolly Euan L , Scott Thomas B , Martin Peter G
Published: December 2022

Technologies utilizing radiological materials across power generation, defence, industry, research and medicine have increased the global inventory of highly active and hazardous materials. Consequently, an amplified threat exists of illicitly obtained materials being used as part of hostile acts. The potential for intentional releases occurs alongside risks from natural disasters or facility accidents. In any such event, it is crucial to rapidly assess the release composition and extent of response and remediation activities. Therefore, the deployment of an effective, resilient and autonomous radiation monitoring network is pivotal both during and after an incident. Underpinning this assessment is a detailed understanding of the pre-event or background, radiation levels, the knowledge of which is also essential in assessing a population’s dosimetric exposure to, and impact from anthropogenic and naturally occurring/varying sources of ionizing radiation. Presented here is a fully operational cloud-based spectroscopic radiation mapping platform comprising IoT modules compatible with cellular networks, without modification, in over 180 countries. Combined with locally roaming vehicles, a continuous multi-pass radiological characterization of an urban environment was performed. Such IoT devices are deployable as either individual sensors for specific localized temporal events or integrated over a greater time period (and area) to represent a larger static sensor. Over several months of continued operation, more than 1000 000 individual location-referenced gamma-ray spectra were collected and securely uploaded, in real-time, to an online cloud database and automatically characterized via a custom multi-step workflow. Fine-scale local variations in the radiological fingerprint of a 1 km × 1 km urban area were subsequently rendered in near-real-time to an interactive secure online graphical dashboard for temporal, spatial and spectral interrogation by the user. Considerations for the automated ‘elastic’ handling of ever-expanding volumes of input data have been carried out, facilitating propagation and expansion of the system’s database without human input.
Conversion of underwater concrete images to air in detection of hydraulic structures
Authors: Lin Haitao , Zhang Hua , Li Yonglong , Li Linjing , Huo Jianwen , Chen Bo , Zhou Huaifang
Published: December 2022

Taking underwater concrete images with an optical camera is an important measure for underwater defect detection. However, the underwater low-light environment and light refraction on the surface of different media result in poor image quality. In order to make the collected underwater images effectively reflect the real situation of underwater concrete defects, we propose an image conversion algorithm combining underwater image color enhancement and refraction distortion correction, which can convert underwater images into aerial equivalent images. In this paper, two conversion models of underwater image to air conversion are proposed, one of which models the refractive distortion of the underwater multilayered media through the ray projection method to correct the refractive distortion of underwater images and image field of view (FOV) conversion. The other is that by analyzing the problem of low image-imaging quality and loss of edge information due to the uneven illumination environment underwater, we process the dark channel priority adaptive enhancement algorithm to improve underwater image quality. The experimental results from real scenes show that the imaging quality of underwater images is improved by converting underwater images to air. The pixel error of images converted into the air is ⩽1 pixel, and the FOV error of images is ⩽8.5%. The high-precision underwater image conversion provides strong support for subsequent underwater measurement.
A gamma radiation scene image clarification method based on spatiotemporal combination
Authors: Deng Hao , Zhao Hao , Zhang Hua , Zhao Junqin
Published: December 2022

For the problems of complex noise and color cast in the images captured by complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensors in the gamma radiation environment, this paper proposed a joint temporal correlation denoising and color cast correction approach for the gamma radiation scene image clarification. Concretely, we first adaptively stretch the difference between noise and background to improve the salience of weak noise, making noise detection results more accurate. Secondly, the temporal transient characteristics of gamma radiation noise are utilized for noise detection, and these noisy pixels are repaired by exploiting the temporal correlation characteristics of background pixels. Lastly, the Bayer-Guided auto white balance method is proposed to solve the problem of dysregulated color in the gamma radiation scene image, and the color level remapping approach is applied to eliminate the problem of insufficient dynamic range. Extensive experiments are carried out on the images captured from the Co60 gamma radiation scene. Compared with the source images, our method improves the peak signal to noise ratio by 6.3(dB) and structural similarity by 0.34. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enjoys state-of-the-art performance in improving the clarity of gamma radiation scene images.
Machine learning-assisted modelling of stress concentration factor of unidirectional fiber composites for predicting their tensile strength
Authors: Choi Jae-Hyuk , Na Wonjin , Yu Woong-Ryeol
Published: December 2022

Significant variations in the tensile strength of unidirectional (UD) fiber-reinforced composites are frequently observed due to randomness in the fiber arrays. Herein, we propose a novel method for predicting tensile strength capable of quantifying uncertainty based on a new recurrence relation for fiber fracture propagation and a determination algorithm for the fracture sequence for random fiber arrays (RFAs). We performed finite element simulations, calculating the stress concentration factor (SCF) for UD composites with various RFAs. Then, we trained an artificial neural network with the obtained SCF data and used it to predict the SCF for composites with an arbitrary RFA. The tensile strength of UD composites was predicted over a range of values, demonstrating that accuracy was superior to conventional prediction methods.
Small-scale effects on the radial vibration of an elastic nanosphere based on nonlocal strain gradient theory
Authors: Ducottet S , El Baroudi A
Published: December 2022

Nonlocal strain gradient theory is widely used when dealing with micro- and nano-structures. In such framework, small-scale effects cannot be ignored. In this paper a model of radial vibration of an isotropic elastic nanosphere is theoretically investigated. The frequency equation is obtained from a nonlocal elastic constitutive law, based on a mix between local and nonlocal strain. This model is composed of both the classical gradient model and the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity model. To check the validity and accuracy of this theoretical approach, a comparison is made with the literature in certain specific cases, which shows a good agreement. Numerical examples are finally conducted to show the impact of small-scale effects in the radial vibration, which need to be included in the nonlocal strain gradient theory of nanospheres. It reveals that the vibration behavior greatly depends on the nanosphere size and nonlocal and strain gradient parameters. Particularly, when the nanospheres radius is smaller than a critical radius, the small-scale effects play a key role. Thus, the obtained frequency equation for radial vibration is very useful to interpret the experimental measurements of vibrational characteristics of nanospheres.
Smooth generalized interval exchange transformations with wandering intervals, from explicit derived from pseudo-Anosov maps
Authors: Carrand Jérôme
Published: December 2022

Starting from any pseudo-Anosov map ϕ on a surface of genus

g
⩾
2

, we construct explicitly a family of Derived from pseudo-Anosov maps f by adapting the construction of Smale’s derived from Anosov maps on the two-torus. This is done by perturbing ϕ at some fixed points. We first consider perturbations at every conical fixed point and then at regular fixed points. We establish the existence of a measure µ, supported by the non-trivial unique minimal component of the stable foliation of f, with respect to which f is mixing. In the process, we construct a uniquely ergodic generalized interval exchange transformation (GIET) with a wandering interval that is semi-conjugated to a self-similar interval exchange transformation. This GIET is obtained as the Poincaré map of a flow renormalized by f which parametrizes stable foliation. When f is

, the flow and the GIET are

.
Overview of tokamak turbulence stabilization by fast ions
Authors: Citrin J , Mantica P
Published: December 2022

In recent years tokamak experiments and modelling have increasingly indicated that the interaction between suprathermal (fast) ions and thermal plasma can lead to a reduction of turbulence and an improvement of confinement. The regimes in which this stabilization occurs are relevant to burning plasmas, and their understanding will inform reactor scenario optimization. This review summarizes observations, simulations, theoretical understanding, and open questions on this emerging topic.
In situ infrared absorption probing of plasma catalysis: vibrationally-excited species induced Mars–van Krevelen type mechanism
Authors: Kim Dae-Yeong , Saito Atsushi , Sasaki Koichi , Nozaki Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) assisted catalysis has recently received attention as an attractive technology that can overcome the energy barriers involved in conventional thermal catalysis. It is important to obtain fundamental insight into the synergistic effects arising from interactions between NTP-activated species and catalysis. However, it remains a challenge due to difficulties associated with the in situ characterization of NTP-activated species. In this study, CO was explored in dielectric barrier discharge by applying in situ transmission infrared (TIR) absorption spectroscopy; TIR enables the measurement of the vibrational temperature of CO while observing the surface reaction of excited CO to form intermediates species over wurtzite ZnO. The reaction behavior of activated CO correlates with the vibrational temperature of CO, showing vibrationally-excited CO reacts with lattice oxygen via the Mars–van Krevelen type mechanism; thus leading to higher activity compared with conventional thermal catalysis. This work helps to understand the fundamental chemistry and provides new insight into NTP-activated CO and its catalysis.
Vortex-ring quantum droplets in a radially-periodic potential
Authors: Liu Bin , Chen Yi Xi , Yang Ao Wei , Cai Xiao Yan , Liu Yan , Luo Zhi Huan , Qin Xi Zhou , Jiang Xun Da , Li Yong Yao , Malomed Boris A
Published: December 2022

We establish stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) vortex ring-shaped quantum droplets (QDs) formed by binary Bose–Einstein condensates. The system is modeled by the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation with the cubic term multiplied by a logarithmic factor (as produced by the Lee-Huang-Yang correction to the mean-field theory) and a potential which is a periodic function of the radial coordinate. Narrow vortex rings with high values of the topological charge, trapped in particular circular troughs of the radial potential, are produced. These results suggest an experimentally relevant method for the creation of vortical QDs (thus far, only zero-vorticity ones have been reported). The 2D GP equation for the narrow rings is approximately reduced to the one-dimensional form, which makes it possible to study the modulational stability of the rings against azimuthal perturbations. Full stability areas are delineated for these modes. The trapping capacity of the circular troughs is identified for the vortex rings with different winding numbers (WNs). Stable compound states in the form of mutually nested concentric multiple rings are constructed too, including ones with opposite signs of the WNs. Other robust compound states combine a modulationally stable narrow ring in one circular potential trough and an azimuthal soliton performing orbital motion in an adjacent one. The results may be used to design a device employing coexisting ring-shaped modes with different WNs for data storage.
Zonal flow excitation in electron-scale tokamak turbulence
Authors: Tirkas Stefan , Chen Haotian , Merlo Gabriele , Jenko Frank , Parker Scott
Published: December 2022

The derivation of an intermediate-scale gyrokinetic-electron theory in nonuniform tokamak plasmas (Chen et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61
066017) has shown that a Navier–Stokes type nonlinearity couples electron-temperature-gradient (ETG) modes and zonal flow (ZF) modes with wavelengths much shorter than the ion gyroradius but much longer than the electron gyroradius. This intermediate-scale ETG-ZF coupling is typically stronger than the Hasegawa–Mima type nonlinearity characteristic of the fluid approximation and is predicted to lead to relevant ZF generation and ETG mode regulation. Electron-scale, continuum, gyrokinetic simulation results are presented here which include both single-mode ETG and full-spectrum ETG turbulence. The ZF generation due to single ETG modes is investigated and the single-mode intermediate-scale results are found to be in agreement with theory. The full-spectrum results are then presented and explained qualitatively in terms of the single-mode results. It is found that the ETG-driven ZFs regulate intermediate-scale electron heat flux transport to levels in the predicted range.
Tools for numerical modelling of nonlinear propagation in hollow capillary fibres and their application
Authors: Crego Aurora , San Roman Julio , Conejero Jarque Enrique
Published: December 2022

The development of new coherent and ultrashort light sources is of great relevance for exploring fundamental processes and different applications in science. The most successful technique for generating ultrashort laser pulses, in terms of energy and pulse duration, is using hollow capillary fibre (HCF) compressors. The different strategies to further increase the pulse energy and to achieve shorter pulses at non-conventional wavelengths, lead to continuous improvement of this technique. In this work, we present the theoretical framework of the nonlinear propagation in HCFs through the propagation equation and the spatio-temporal effects that appear in the nonlinear dynamics. To numerically study the nonlinear propagation of the pulse in the HCF, we present different numerical models considering only the spatial effects, (1 + 1)D model, the full spatio-temporal dynamics and ionization, (2 + 1)D model, or the case with lack of cylindrical symmetry, (3 + 1)D model. To show the performance of some of these models in a particular case, we study the generation of ultrashort and energetic dispersive waves (DWs) inside the HCF. We show that the emission of a DW at a fixed wavelength for different pump wavelengths is possible by parameter scaling.
Size of an interspecific competitor may be a source of information in reproductive decisions
Authors: Hämäläinen Reetta , Välimäki Panu , Forsman Jukka T
Published: December 2022

Animals use inter-specific cues as a source of information in decisions-making, but the full costs and benefits of inter-specific information use are unknown. We tested whether pied flycatchers use the body size and clutch size of great tits as cues in their reproductive decisions and what are the possible fitness consequences as a function of great tit size. The size of great tit females associated positively with flycatcher’s probability to settle near a tit nest over a territory further away. Flycatcher egg mass was positively correlated with great tit female size regardless of flycatcher territory choice. However, in flycatchers that had chosen to nest near great tits, the size of nestlings decreased in relation to increasing great tit female size. Our results demonstrate the use of size of inter-specifics as a cue in reproductive decisions and the trade-off between the value of information and costs of competition information users face when using inter-specific information in decision-making.
Cloud-native distributed genomic pileup operations
Authors: Wiewiórka Marek , Szmurło Agnieszka , Stankiewicz Paweł , Gambin Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Pileup analysis is a building block of many bioinformatics pipelines, including variant calling and genotyping. This step tends to become a bottleneck of the entire assay since the straightforward pileup implementations involve processing of all base calls from all alignments sequentially. On the other hand, a distributed version of the algorithm faces the intrinsic challenge of splitting reads-oriented file formats into self-contained partitions to avoid costly data exchange between computational nodes.

Results

Here, we present a scalable, distributed and efficient implementation of a pileup algorithm that is suitable for deploying in cloud computing environments. In particular, we implemented: (i) our custom data-partitioning algorithm optimized to work with the alignment reads, (ii) a novel and unique approach to process alignment events from sequencing reads using the MD tags, (iii) the source code micro-optimizations for recurrent operations, and (iv) a modular structure of the algorithm. We have proven that our novel approach consistently and significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art distributed tools in terms of execution time (up to 6.5× faster) and memory usage (up to 2× less), resulting in a substantial cloud cost reduction. SeQuiLa is a cloud-native solution that can be easily deployed using any managed Kubernetes and Hadoop services available in public clouds, like Microsoft Azure Cloud, Google Cloud Platform, or Amazon Web Services. Together with the already implemented distributed range join and coverage calculations, our package provides end-users with a unified SQL interface for convenient analyses of population-scale genomic data in an interactive way.

Availability and implementation

https://biodatageeks.github.io/sequila/
The stress granule protein G3BP1 alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia-associated deficits
Authors: Koppenol Rebekah , Conceição André , Afonso Inês T , Afonso-Reis Ricardo , Costa Rafael G , Tomé Sandra , Teixeira Diogo , da Silva Joana Pinto , Côdesso José Miguel , Brito David V C , Mendonça Liliana , Marcelo Adriana , Pereira de Almeida Luís , Matos Carlos A , Nóbrega Clévio
Published: December 2022

Polyglutamine diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeat tracts in the codifying regions of nine, otherwise unrelated, genes. While the protein products of these genes are suggested to play diverse cellular roles, the pathogenic mutant proteins bearing an expanded polyglutamine sequence share a tendency to self-assemble, aggregate and engage in abnormal molecular interactions. Understanding the shared paths that link polyglutamine protein expansion to the nervous system dysfunction and the degeneration that takes place in these disorders is instrumental to the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention. Among polyglutamine diseases, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) share many common aspects, including the fact that they involve dysfunction of the cerebellum, resulting in ataxia. Our work aimed at exploring a putative new therapeutic target for the two forms of SCA with higher worldwide prevalence, SCA type 2 (SCA2) and type 3 (SCA3), which are caused by expanded forms of ataxin-2 (ATXN2) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3), respectively. The pathophysiology of polyglutamine diseases has been described to involve an inability to properly respond to cell stress. We evaluated the ability of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), an RNA-binding protein involved in RNA metabolism regulation and stress responses, to counteract SCA2 and SCA3 pathology, using both in vitro and in vivo disease models. Our results indicate that G3BP1 overexpression in cell models leads to a reduction of ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation, associated with a decrease in protein expression. This protective effect of G3BP1 against polyglutamine protein aggregation was reinforced by the fact that silencing G3bp1 in the mouse brain increases human expanded ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation. Moreover, a decrease of G3BP1 levels was detected in cells derived from patients with SCA2 and SCA3, suggesting that G3BP1 function is compromised in the context of these diseases. In lentiviral mouse models of SCA2 and SCA3, G3BP1 overexpression not only decreased protein aggregation but also contributed to the preservation of neuronal cells. Finally, in an SCA3 transgenic mouse model with a severe ataxic phenotype, G3BP1 lentiviral delivery to the cerebellum led to amelioration of several motor behavioural deficits. Overall, our results indicate that a decrease in G3BP1 levels may be a contributing factor to SCA2 and SCA3 pathophysiology, and that administration of this protein through viral vector-mediated delivery may constitute a putative approach to therapy for these diseases, and possibly other polyglutamine disorders.