bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alasdair MacIntyre on the Grand End Conception of Practical Reasoning
Authors: Wolfe Christopher James
Published: September 2016

Most interpreters of Aristotle claim that he either explicitly posited or at least implied a Grand End theory of practical reasoning as part of his ethical teachings. Sarah Broadie, in her 1991 book Ethics with Aristotle, denied this claim, which prompted Alasdair MacIntyre to respond in kind. After summarizing Broadie’s objection and MacIntyre’s rejoinder, I shall explore the deeper philosophical reasons that underpin MacIntyre’s conviction regarding this matter, establishing that the Grand End conception of practical reasoning is a supposition held throughout MacIntyre’s mature body of writings. Then I shall argue for the main thesis of this paper, that MacIntyre’s conception of practical reasoning entails that he also maintains an inclusive end conception of the human good, which necessarily follows from his specific view of practical reasoning. Alasdair MacIntyre calls attention to what other scholars in some ways neglect: the conception of a Grand End is advantageous for the practical reasoning and virtuous living of even the average person.
Socrates as Midwife and Mediator: On the Political Dimensions of the Cratylus
Authors: Bailey Jesse I.
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a reading of the political dimensions of Plato’s Cratylus. Following Sallis, I argue that Socrates’ claim that we can achieve a direct access to being unmediated by language is ironic. There is a comedic element to the attempt to transcend language in order to test the names given by the ‘lawgiver’ against a pure awareness of the nature of beings themselves. I show that this account of human life, as always mediated by logos, has a political dimension. Specifically, the paper argues that the mediation performed by Socrates in the dialogue is intended to get us to turn toward one another in the formation of communities of philosophical discourse.
Stipa baktashevae, a new synonym of Stipa borysthenica (Poaceae)
Authors: NOBIS MARCIN , KLICHOWSKA EWELINA
Published: September 2016

Numerical analyses of macromorphological characters of specimens of  S. lessingiana, S. borysthenica and S. baktashevae, nested the last one among individuals of S. borysthenica. We propose synonymization of S. baktashevae, the species described in 2014 and known only from type material, with S. borysthenica, and provide morphological comparisons of the taxa.
Latent Heat Flux Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature: Regional Perspectives
Authors: Kumar B. Praveen , Cronin Meghan F. , Joseph Sudheer , Ravichandran M. , Sureshkumar N.
Published: September 2016

A global analysis of latent heat flux (LHF) sensitivity to sea surface temperature (SST) is performed, with focus on the tropics and the north Indian Ocean (NIO). Sensitivity of LHF state variables (surface wind speed Ws and vertical humidity gradients Δq) to SST give rise to mutually interacting dynamical (Ws driven) and thermodynamical (Δq driven) coupled feedbacks. Generally, LHF sensitivity to SST is pronounced over tropics where SST increase causes Ws (Δq) changes, resulting in a maximum decrease (increase) of LHF by ~15 W m−2 (°C)−1. But the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and north Arabian Sea (NAS) remain an exception that is opposite to the global feedback relationship. This uniqueness is attributed to strong seasonality in monsoon Ws and Δq variations, which brings in warm (cold) continental air mass into the BoB and NAS during summer (winter), producing a large seasonal cycle in air–sea temperature difference ΔT (and hence in Δq). In other tropical oceans, surface air is mostly of marine origin and blows from colder to warmer waters, resulting in a constant ΔT ~ 1°C throughout the year, and hence a constant Δq. Thus, unlike other basins, when the BoB and NAS are warming, air temperature warms faster than SST. The resultant decrease in ΔT and Δq contributes to decrease the LHF with increased SST, contrary to other basins. This analysis suggests that, in the NIO, LHF variability is largely controlled by thermodynamic processes, which peak during the monsoon period. These observed LHF sensitivities are then used to speculate how the surface energetics and coupled feedbacks may change in a warmer world.
Climate Change Versus Global Warming: Who Is Susceptible to the Framing of Climate Change?
Authors: Benjamin Daniel , Por Han-Hui , Budescu David
Published: September 2016

The terms global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably, but recent research finds “global warming” has become more emotive and more polarizing, resulting in less advocacy by some subpopulations. We explore the robustness of this framing effect based on the expectation that people with stronger partisan identities tend to have more deep-seated climate change beliefs. We use multiple methods and measures to study framing across a range of attitude scales designed to measure climate change beliefs, degree of knowledge about climate change, and intentions to take corrective actions. We find stronger framing effects for political Independents and those who are disengaged from climate change issues, indicating that polarization overrides framing at the extremes, and those with moderate beliefs are more susceptible to labeling and framing effects, especially when beliefs are inconsistent with one’s political identity. We conclude by urging communicators to appreciate the heterogeneity of their target audience.
Differential Effects on Intestinal Adaptation Following Exogenous Glucagon‐Like Peptide 2 Therapy With and Without Enteral Nutrition in Neonatal Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Lim David W. , Diané Abdoulaye , Muto Mitsuru , Vine Donna F. , Nation Patrick N. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Sigalet David L. , Bigam David L. , Pencharz Paul B. , Turner Justine M. , Wales Paul W.
Published: September 2016

Background: We aim to study the efficacy of exogenously administered glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2) on intestinal adaptation in 2 preclinical models of neonatal short bowel syndrome (SBS) according to remnant intestinal anatomy, with and without ileum. Furthermore, we aim to determine if this adaptive effect was potentiated with enteral nutrition (EN). Methods: Neonatal piglets were block‐randomized to 75% mid‐intestinal (JI group, retains ileum) or distal‐intestinal (JC group, has no ileum) resection or no resection (sham control) and GLP‐2 treatment (11 nmol/kg/d) or saline control for 7 days. Piglets received nutrition support, either 100% parenteral nutrition (PN; 0% EN, n = 32 in total) or 80% PN + 40% EN (n = 28 in total). Adaptation was assessed by morphological and histological changes, as well as RT quantitative polymerase chain reaction of nutrient transporters and tight junctional proteins and fat absorption. Data are analyzed by 3‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 2‐way ANOVA per EN level. Results: GLP‐2 treatment lengthened villi, deepened crypts, and improved intestinal weight in the remnant intestine of JC piglets. EN was a more potent adaptive stimulus for JI piglets. Small intestinal lengthening occurred only in the JI group, when given EN. There was no difference in total fat absorption and messenger RNA expression of nutrient transporters and tight junctional proteins. Conclusions: GLP‐2 administration augmented structural adaptation in JC piglets with distal intestinal resection. Given JI anatomy, further stimulation by GLP‐2 treatment over innate adaptation and stimulation by EN was modest and restricted to ileum. The differential effect of GLP‐2 in neonatal SBS, depending on remnant anatomy, has important implications for clinical translation and planning of clinical trials.
Interaction Between 2 Nutraceutical Treatments and Host Immune Status in the Pediatric Critical Illness Stress‐Induced Immune Suppression Comparative Effectiveness Trial
Authors: Carcillo Joseph A. , Dean J. Michael , Holubkov Richard , Berger John , Meert Kathleen L. , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. , Zimmerman Jerry J. , Newth Christopher J. L. , Harrison Rick , Burr Jeri , Willson Douglas F. , Nicholson Carol , Bell Michael J. , Berg Robert A. , Shanley Thomas P. , Heidemann Sabrina M. , Dalton Heidi , Jenkins Tammara L. , Doctor Allan , Webster Angie , Tamburro Robert F. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN)
Published: September 2016

Background and aims:The pediatric Critical Illness Stress‐induced Immune Suppression (CRISIS) trial compared the effectiveness of 2 nutraceutical supplementation strategies and found no difference in the development of nosocomial infection and sepsis in the overall population. We performed an exploratory post hoc analysis of interaction between nutraceutical treatments and host immune status related to the development of nosocomial infection/sepsis.Methods:Children from the CRISIS trial were analyzed according to 3 admission immune status categories marked by decreasing immune competence: immune competent without lymphopenia, immune competent with lymphopenia, and previously immunocompromised. The comparative effectiveness of the 2 treatments was analyzed for interaction with immune status category.Results:There were 134 immune‐competent children without lymphopenia, 79 previously immune‐competent children with lymphopenia, and 27 immunocompromised children who received 1 of the 2 treatments. A significant interaction was found between treatment arms and immune status on the time to development of nosocomial infection and sepsis (P< .05) and on the rate of nosocomial infection and sepsis per 100 patient days (P< .05). Whey protein treatment protected immune‐competent patients without lymphopenia from infection and sepsis, both nutraceutical strategies were equivalent in immune‐competent patients with lymphopenia, and zinc, selenium, glutamine, and metoclopramide treatment protected immunocompromised patients from infection and sepsis.Conclusions:The science of immune nutrition is more complex than previously thought. Future trial design should consider immune status at the time of trial entry because differential effects of nutraceuticals may be related to this patient characteristic.
Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Ding Chao , Dai Xujie , Lv Tengfei , Xie Tingbing , Zhang Tenghui , Gao Wen , Gong Jianfeng , Zhu Weiming , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: September 2016

Background: Intestinal fibrosis is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of soluble dietary fiber on radiation‐induced intestinal EMT and fibrosis in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: Apple pectin (4% wt/wt in drinking water) was administered to wild‐type and pVillin‐Cre‐EGFP transgenic mice with intestinal fibrosis induced by a single dose of abdominal irradiation of 10 Gy. The effects of pectin on intestinal EMT and fibrosis, gut microbiota, and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were evaluated. Results: Intestinal fibrosis in late radiation enteropathy showed increased submucosal thickness and subepithelial collagen deposition. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+/vimentin+ and EGFP+/α–smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ coexpressing cells were most clearly observed at 2 weeks after irradiation and gradually decreased at 4 and 12 weeks. Pectin significantly attenuated the thickness of submucosa and collagen deposition at 12 weeks (24.3 vs 27.6 µm in the pectin + radiation‐treated group compared with radiation‐alone group, respectively, P < .05; 69.0% vs 57.1%, P < .001) and ameliorated EMT at 2 and 4 weeks. Pectin also modulated the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the luminal SCFA concentration. Conclusion: The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation‐induced fibrosis. This effect might be mediated by altered SCFA concentration in the intestinal lumen and reduced EMT in the ileal epithelium.
A Pilot Clinical Study in Characterization of Malignant Renal-cell Carcinoma Subtype with Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Kasoji Sandeep K. , Chang Emily H. , Mullin Lee B. , Chong Wui K. , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Dayton Paul A.
Published: September 2016

Malignant renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a diverse set of diseases, which are independently difficult to characterize using conventional MRI and CT protocols due to low temporal resolution to study perfusion characteristics. Because different disease subtypes have different prognoses and involve varying treatment regimens, the ability to determine RCC subtype non-invasively is a clinical need. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been assessed as a tool to characterize kidney lesions based on qualitative and quantitative assessment of perfusion patterns, and we hypothesize that this technique might help differentiate disease subtypes. Twelve patients with RCC confirmed pathologically were imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Time intensity curves were generated and analyzed quantitatively using 10 characteristic metrics. Results showed that peak intensity ( p = 0.001) and time-to-80% on wash-out ( p = 0.004) provided significant differences between clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCC subtypes. These results suggest that CEUS may be a feasible test for characterizing RCC subtypes.
Biological Gender Differences in Students’ Errors on Mathematics Achievement Tests
Authors: Stewart Christie , Root Melissa M. , Koriakin Taylor , Choi Dowon , Luria Sarah R. , Bray Melissa A. , Sassu Kari , Maykel Cheryl , O’Rourke Patricia , Courville Troy
Published: September 2016

This study investigated developmental gender differences in mathematics achievement, using the child and adolescent portion (ages 6-19 years) of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3). Participants were divided into two age categories: 6 to 11 and 12 to 19. Error categories within the Math Concepts & Applications and Math Computation subtests of the KTEA-3 were factor analyzed and revealed five error factors. Multiple ANOVA of the error factor scores showed that, across both age categories, female and male mean scores were not significantly different across four error factors: math calculation, geometric concepts, basic math concepts, and addition. They were significantly different on the complex math problems error factor, with males performing better at the p < .05 significance level for the 6 to 11 age group and at the p < .001 significance level for the 12 to 19 age group. Implications in light of gender stereotype threat are discussed.
African American Perspectives and Experiences of Domestic Violence in a Rural Community
Authors: Valandra  , Murphy-Erby Yvette , Higgins Brandon M. , Brown Lucy M.
Published: September 2016

Relatively few studies have explored domestic violence from a multiplicity of African American perspectives, experiences, and socio-demographic backgrounds within rural African American communities. Community–based participatory action research methods were used to explore domestic violence perceptions of African Americans with heterogeneous backgrounds and experiences of violence. Ten focus groups were held throughout the community with 52 diverse women ( n = 33) and men ( n = 19) living in the northwest region of Arkansas. Demographic data were collected from 47 women ( n = 28) and men ( n = 19) participating in focus groups regarding their perceptions and experiences of domestic violence, media messages, help-seeking behaviors, and services. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Three major themes emerged, including (a) a heightened awareness of race, gender, and class differences; (b) imbalanced and mixed messages from media; and (c) multi-systemic dynamics influencing abusive behavior and relationships. Results indicate that study participants’ perspectives and experiences with domestic violence reflect a complex interrelated gamut of societal, community, familial, and individual dynamics. Participant recommendations related to interpersonal dynamics, media messages, and societal influences are reported with implications for practice, policy, and future research.
Applications of 3D printing in the management of severe spinal conditions
Authors: Provaggi Elena , Leong Julian J H , Kalaskar Deepak M
Published: September 2016

The latest and fastest-growing innovation in the medical field has been the advent of three-dimensional printing technologies, which have recently seen applications in the production of low-cost, patient-specific medical implants. While a wide range of three-dimensional printing systems has been explored in manufacturing anatomical models and devices for the medical setting, their applications are cutting-edge in the field of spinal surgery. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and classification of the current applications of three-dimensional printing technologies in spine care. Although three-dimensional printing technology has been widely used for the construction of patient-specific anatomical models of the spine and intraoperative guide templates to provide personalized surgical planning and increase pedicle screw placement accuracy, only few studies have been focused on the manufacturing of spinal implants. Therefore, three-dimensional printed custom-designed intervertebral fusion devices, artificial vertebral bodies and disc substitutes for total disc replacement, along with tissue engineering strategies focused on scaffold constructs for bone and cartilage regeneration, represent a set of promising applications towards the trend of individualized patient care.
When do European Works Councils become useful to employees? Lessons learned from the Alstom / Switzerland case
Authors: Ziltener Patrick , Gabathuler Heinz
Published: September 2016

Based on four case studies, this article analyses the significance of Swiss participation in European Works Councils (EWCs) in foreign companies, coming to the conclusion that it is generally low. However, in one case, that of the French-based engineering company Alstom, two sequences of events show that, against a background of the general effectiveness of the Alstom EWC and the relative importance of its Swiss plants, Swiss employees clearly benefit from EWC participation, enjoying the same guarantees and subject to the same procedures as employees in other European countries. The perception of such benefit among employee stakeholders is however dependent on local constellations.
The tangled web we weave
Authors: Thomas Veronica L. , Johnson Jennifer Wiggins , Jewell Robert D.
Published: September 2016

Consumers have been observed to engage in deceptive consumption behaviors, including hiding their brand consumption and pretending to consume brands that they actually do not. This article defines deceptive consumption behaviors as the deliberate falsification or concealment of an individual’s consumption behaviors pertaining to a brand. The present work recognizes deceptive consumption behaviors as a relatively unexplored construct in the consumer behavior literature. Therefore, this article sets out not only to define and delineate the various types of deceptive consumption behaviors but also to explore the underlying motivations that would result in consumers engaging in this practice. We propose that these behaviors are a response to an identity threat that occurs due to goal conflict between personal and social identities. We further propose a typology to illustrate the various behaviors that consumers may employ when engaging in deceptive consumption. We explore the consequences of engaging in deceptive consumption behaviors for the consumer as well as for the consumer’s relationship with the brand and the group. Finally, we identify avenues for future research on deceptive consumption behaviors.
Perverting Play: Theorizing a Queer Game Mechanic
Authors: Engel Maureen
Published: September 2016

This article argues the possibility of building not just a queer gaming experience but rather a queer game mechanic—that is, a game whose very structure of play can be theorized as queer. It presents the prototype game Go Queer, a locative media history app, as a theoretical experiment in what it might mean to play queer. Queer theorists and historiographers have demonstrated the intimate relation between queer subjects and the city; the game literalizes this dynamic, requiring players to travel the physical spaces of the city in the hopes that they will encounter queer history—now disappeared, redeveloped, forgotten. It proposes that a productive and underrepresented setting for queer play is the space of the city itself and that the hybrid reality of locative media provides particular affordances to enable particularly queer navigations, occupations, and constructions of queer urban space.
The role of prostatic urethral biopsies as a staging tool for bladder cancer
Authors: Nelson Adam W , Parker Richard A , Wadhwa Karan , Colquhoun Alexandra J , Turner William H
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To determine the incidence of prostatic urethral involvement in our patient population and how prostatic urethral biopsy correlates with final cystectomy pathology.

Patients and methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of prostatic urethral biopsies (PUB) performed between February 2008 and April 2012 in a single centre. PUB pathology was correlated with cystectomy pathology.

Results:

PUB was undergone by 172 patients with a median age of 70 years (range: 37–84 years): There were 35 (20%) patients having a positive PUB and 137 (80%) who were negative. Of the 94 patients who underwent cystectomy, we found that when the entire prostatic urethra was sectioned, 20 (21%) patients had cancer in the prostatic urethra. Cancer was found in 17 (77%) of 22 patients with a positive PUB and in three (4%) out of the 72 with a negative PUB (positive predictive value (PPV) 77%, negative predictive value (NPV) 96%, sensitivity 85% and specificity 93%). In all 94 patients, the prostatic apical margin was negative.

Conclusion:

Disease in the prostatic urethra affected 20% of patients, consistent with published data. Prostatic urethral apical margins were all negative. Intra-operative frozen section would have missed cancer in the 20 patients with prostatic urethral cancer, whereas PUB identified 17 (85%) of the 20 patients. These data confirm the value of using PUB before cystectomy, in our UK population.
Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data
Authors: Amaral André F.S. , Strachan David P. , Gómez Real Francisco , Burney Peter G.J. , Jarvis Deborah L.
Published: September 2016

Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation.

The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric restriction (FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis.

Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV1(−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation.

Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.
Sarcoidosis-related mortality in France: a multiple-cause-of-death analysis
Authors: Jamilloux Yvan , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Kerever Sébastien , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Broussolle Christiane , Eb Mireille , Valeyre Dominique , Seve Pascal
Published: September 2016

We evaluated mortality rates and underlying causes of death among French decedents with sarcoidosis from 2002 to 2011.

We used data from the French Epidemiological Centre for the Medical Causes of Death to 1) calculate sarcoidosis-related mortality rates, 2) examine differences by age and gender, 3) determine underlying and nonunderlying causes of death, 4) compare with the general population (observed/expected ratios), and 5) analyse regional differences.

1662 death certificates mentioning sarcoidosis were recorded. The age-standardised mortality rate was 3.6 per million population and significantly increased over the study period. The mean age at death was 70.4 years (versus76.2 years for the general population). The most common underlying cause of death was sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis decedents were more likely to be males when aged <65 years. When sarcoidosis was the underlying cause of death, the main other mentions on death certificates were chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The overall observed/expected ratio was >1 for infectious disease, tuberculosis and chronic respiratory disease, and <1 for neoplasms. We observed a north–south gradient of age-standardised mortality ratio at the country level.

Despite the limitation of possibly capturing the more severe cases of sarcoidosis, this study may help define and prioritise preventive interventions.
Outcome during and after anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with incidentally found pulmonary embolism
Authors: Peris Marisa , Jiménez David , Maestre Ana , Font Carme , Tafur Alfonso J. , Mazzolai Lucia , Xifre Belén , Skride Andris , Dentali Francesco , Monreal Manuel
Published: September 2016

Current guidelines suggest treating cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism comparably to patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.

We used the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry to compare the rate of major bleeding and symptomatic pulmonary embolism during the course of anticoagulation and after its discontinuation in cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism.

As of March 2016, 715 cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism had been enrolled in RIETE. During the course of anticoagulant therapy (mean 235 days), the rate of major bleeding was higher than the rate of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (10.1 (95% CI 7.48–13.4)versus3.17 (95% CI 1.80–5.19) events per 100 patient–years, respectively), and the rate of fatal bleeding was higher than the rate of fatal pulmonary embolism (2.66 (95% CI 1.44–4.52)versus0.66 (95% CI 0.17–1.81) deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively). After discontinuing anticoagulation (mean follow-up 117 days), the rate of major bleeding was lower than the rate of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (3.00 (95% CI 1.10–6.65)versus8.37 (95% CI 4.76–13.7) events per 100 patient-years, respectively); however, there were no differences in the rate of fatal events at one death each.

The risk/benefit ratio of anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism is uncertain and must be evaluated in further studies.
The effect of smoking on lung function: a clinical study of adult-onset asthma
Authors: Tommola Minna , Ilmarinen Pinja , Tuomisto Leena E. , Haanpää Jussi , Kankaanranta Terhi , Niemelä Onni , Kankaanranta Hannu
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung function decline in adult-onset asthma in a clinical, 12-year follow-up study.

In the Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study, 203 patients were followed for 12 years (1999–2013) after diagnosis of new-onset adult asthma. Patients were divided into two groups based on smoking history: <10 or ≥10 pack-years. Spirometry evaluation points were: 1) baseline, 2) the maximum lung function during the first 2.5 years after diagnosis (Max0–2.5) and 3) after 12 years of follow-up.

Between Max0–2.5and follow-up, the median annual decline in absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 36 mL in the group of patients with <10 pack-years of smoking and 54 mL in those with smoking history ≥10 pack-years (p=0.003). The annual declines in FEV1% pred (p=0.006), forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.035) and FEV1/FVC (p=0.045) were also accelerated in the group of patients with ≥10 pack-years smoked. In multivariate regression analysis, smoking history ≥10 pack-years became a significant predictor of accelerated decline in FEV1.

Among patients with clinically defined adult-onset asthma, smoking history ≥10 pack-years is associated with accelerated loss of lung function.
Sox2 and Lef-1 interact with Pitx2 to regulate incisor development and stem cell renewal
Authors: Sun Zhao , Yu Wenjie , Sanz Navarro Maria , Sweat Mason , Eliason Steven , Sharp Thad , Liu Huan , Seidel Kerstin , Zhang Li , Moreno Myriam , Lynch Thomas , Holton Nathan E. , Rogers Laura , Neff Traci , Goodheart Michael J. , Michon Frederic , Klein Ophir D. , Chai Yang , Dupuy Adam , Engelhardt John F. , Chen Zhi , Amendt Brad A.
Published: September 2016

Sox2 marks dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) in both mammals and reptiles, and in this article we demonstrate several Sox2 transcriptional mechanisms that regulate dental stem cell fate and incisor growth. Conditional Sox2 deletion in the oral and dental epithelium results in severe craniofacial defects, including impaired dental stem cell proliferation, arrested incisor development and abnormal molar development. The murine incisor develops initially but is absorbed independently of apoptosis owing to a lack of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Tamoxifen-induced inactivation of Sox2 demonstrates the requirement of Sox2 for maintenance of the DESCs in adult mice. Conditional overexpression of Lef-1 in mice increases DESC proliferation and creates a new labial cervical loop stem cell compartment, which produces rapidly growing long tusk-like incisors, and Lef-1 epithelial overexpression partially rescues the tooth arrest in Sox2 conditional knockout mice. Mechanistically, Pitx2 and Sox2 interact physically and regulate Lef-1, Pitx2 and Sox2 expression during development. Thus, we have uncovered a Pitx2-Sox2-Lef-1 transcriptional mechanism that regulates DESC homeostasis and dental development.
Singlet glycine riboswitches bind ligand as well as tandem riboswitches
Authors: Ruff Karen M. , Muhammad Ayesha , McCown Phillip J. , Breaker Ronald R. , Strobel Scott A.
Published: September 2016

The glycine riboswitch often occurs in a tandem architecture, with two ligand-binding domains (aptamers) followed by a single expression platform. Based on previous observations, we hypothesized that “singlet” versions of the glycine riboswitch, which contain only one aptamer domain, are able to bind glycine if appropriate structural contacts are maintained. An initial alignment of 17 putative singlet riboswitches indicated that the single consensus aptamer domain is flanked by a conserved peripheral stem–loop structure. These singlets were sorted into two subtypes based on whether the active aptamer domain precedes or follows the peripheral stem–loop, and an example of each subtype of singlet riboswitch was characterized biochemically. The singlets possess glycine-binding affinities comparable to those of previously published tandem examples, and the conserved peripheral domains form A-minor interactions with the single aptamer domain that are necessary for ligand-binding activity. Analysis of sequenced genomes identified a significant number of singlet glycine riboswitches. Based on these observations, we propose an expanded model for glycine riboswitch gene control that includes singlet and tandem architectures.
CONSTRUCTIVE ASPECTS OF ELECTRODYNAMIC
Authors: Котов  , Kotov P.
Published: September 2016

Dynamic models of the accelerated shift of the elementary particle with a charge in the electromagnetic field of measurable intensity are considered and the substantial relations, the distinctive state and solutions of problems in connection with the equations of stable elementary particle movement in a uniform magnetic field of the fixed intensity are offered.
DEFINING THE PARAMETERS OF THE EROSION ZONES OF SUBGRADE OF THE ROAD IN TERMS OF FLOODING
Authors: Макарова  , Makarova Yu. , Мануковский  , Manukovskiy Andrey
Published: September 2016

The problem of the destruction of roads under the influence of adverse climatic factors. Simulation was conducted to determine the parameters of the erosion zones subgrade under flooding. Spend pressure dependency analysis and turbulent areas on the surface of the subgrade on the flow rate. conclusions were drawn.
THE PROBLEM OF PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION AND SECURITY OF FUNCTIONING OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Сазонова  , Sazonova Svetlana
Published: September 2016

Problem definition of parametrical optimization of hydraulic systems is considered. The general problem of parametrical optimization for systems of water supply and gas supply is presented in the form of a problem of mathematical programming. As a result of the solution of the considered task optimum parameters of the studied systems have to be determined, the required levels of reliability and safety when functioning are ensured.
Children and young people with ADHD
Authors: Ryan Noreen , McDougall Tim
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the important roles that nurses can play in supporting children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in addition to their parents or carers and professionals in schools. It discusses theories about the causes of this controversial condition as well as assessment, diagnosis, treatment and management strategies.
Oral health assessments: Obstacles, opportunities and achieving better outcomes
Authors: Morgan Ashley James
Published: September 2016

Mental health service users are more likely to experience tooth loss and decay. This article looks at the nurse's role in carrying out oral health asssessments
Physical health assessment in forensic settings: A dual diagnosis case study
Authors: Hands Francesca , Goddard Kim , Pegram Anne
Published: September 2016

The recent publication of the Mental Health Taskforce's five-year national strategy places the physical healthcare of mental health patients high on the agenda for the future of mental health nursing. Despite efforts to address the disparity, people with serious mental illness (SMI) remain significantly more likely than those without SMI to die prematurely due to common illnesses such as diabetes and liver disease. Patients in forensic settings often have lengthy admissions and complex health needs, making comprehensive assessment of physical wellbeing particularly important. However, research suggests that physical health assessment by mental health nurses is lacking in practice. This case study highlights the principles of comprehensive physical health assessment for those with SMI and the benefits to patients by identifying risks to wellbeing. In this instance, physical health assessment as a part of a student nurse module identified significant unmet needs regarding long-standing substance misuse and exposure to blood-borne viruses.
Thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment
Authors: Vilà-Canet G. , García de Frutos A. , Covaro A. , Ubierna M.T. , Caceres E.
Published: September 2016

An appropriate protocol and unified management of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment has not been well defined. This review attempts to elucidate some controversies regarding diagnostic tools, the ability to define the most appropriate treatment of classification systems and the evidence for conservative and surgical methods based on the recent literature.

Cite this article: Vilà-Canet G, García de Frutos A, Covaro A, Ubierna MT, Caceres E. Thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment: a review of diagnosis and treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:332-338. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000029
Inpatient magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: does it increase the efficiency in emergency hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery services?
Authors: Milburn JA , Bailey JA , Dunn Wk , Cameron IC , Gomez DS
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is commonly used to evaluate the biliary tree, although indications for patients who require inpatient imaging are not fully defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate inpatient MRCP performed on surgical patients and to devise a treatment pathway for these patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

All adult inpatient MRCP examinations between January 2012 and December 2013 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were collated.

RESULTS

During the study period, 271 inpatient MRCP were requested, of which 234 examinations were included. The majority of patients were female (n=140) and the median age was 63 years (range 16–93 years). Surgical admissions accounted for 171 (73%) of cases. Indications for inpatient MRCP include gallstone-related complications (n=173; 74%), malignant process (n=17; 7%) and other indications (n=44; 19%). Overall, inpatient MRCP led to further inpatient interventions in 22% (gallstone group, n=32, 18%; patients with malignancy, n=8, 47%; other indications, n=12, 27%). The median duration of inpatient MRCP from request to examination was 2 days (range 0–15 days) and median reporting after examination was 1 day (range 0–14 days).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Improved access and timely reporting of iMRCP may reduce length of hospital stay. Inpatient MRCP also led to further inpatient interventions, in particular, in patients with malignancy.
Descarga de água subterrânea para as lagoas costeiras do litoral norte do RS, Brasil
Authors: Da Rocha Cacinele Mariana , De Andrade Carlos Francisco Ferreira , Niencheski Luis Felipe Hax
Published: September 2016

A advecção de água subterrânea em lagoas costeiras do sul do RS é um processo já referenciado, que somado às avaliações preliminares em alguns pontos do Litoral Norte, instigaram a investigação desse fenômeno com maior detalhe. Objetivando confirmar e quantificar as descargas em quatro importantes lagoas do Litoral Norte do RS – Lagoa da Itapeva, dos Quadros, da Pinguela e dos Barros - foram amostrados quatro pares de pontos pelo método seepage meter. Um comportamento diferenciado entre as margens foi registrado, especificamente próximo da encosta da serra, com processo advectivo positivo, e próximo da linha de praia, com processo negativo. A estimativa das descargas alcança volumes da ordem de milhões de metros cúbicos de água subterrânea advectando anualmente nessas lagoas, sendo responsáveis por 13 a 27% dos aportes totais. Ainda, por meio de um balanço hidrológico, foi possível avaliar o equilíbrio entre entradas e saídas, assim como o tempo de residência das águas em cada um dos corpos hídricos, que oscilou entre 19 e 847 dias.
VONTADE DE PODER VERSUS NORMATIVIDADE: O QUE O NAZISMO NOS ENSINA?
Authors: Toscano dos Santos Júnior Rosivaldo , Streck Lenio Luiz
Published: September 2016

O ativismo judicial ganhou ampla simpatia de setores populares e também entre os atores jurídicos. Tal se explica pela histórica baixa confiança nas instituições estatais e pelo reposicionamento do Judiciário no Pós-Guerra, dentro da ideia de Estado Democrático de Direito, em que a função jurisdicional assume a tarefa de concretizar uma Constituição transformadora. Ocorre que o desapego à normatividade e à aposta na vontade do juiz, dentro de uma conjuntura historicamente marcada pelo autoritarismo, gera riscos. O exemplo do Judiciário nazista serve de alerta às consequências de se apostar na vontade dentro de uma conjuntura de poder. Da autoridade ao autoritário é só um pequeno passo para o juiz, mas um grande abismo para a constitucionalidade. A salvaguarda contra os riscos do ativismo judicial reside no atrelamento à normatividade; aos textos que, na atribuição de sentidos autêntica, dentro de uma tradição, revela a norma do caso concreto.
CONSOLIDAÇÃO ORÇAMENTAL NAS ECONOMIAS EM CRISE: O CONTRIBUTO DA DESPESA FISCAL EM PORTUGAL ENTRE 2011 E 2014
Authors: Catarino João Ricardo , Salvador Rui Miguel Alcario
Published: September 2016

A crise econômica que atingiu muitos países da OCDE, aliada ao excesso de despesa pública, aos elevados níveis de dívida pública acumulada e à incapacidade de os Estados conseguirem mais receita fiscal obrigou muitos, particularmente na Europa, fez com que fossem adotadas estratégias de consolidação das suas contas públicas a longo prazo. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar em que medida a despesa fiscal contribuiu para o esforço de consolidação orçamental. A análise empírica dos dados seguiu uma natureza predominantemente quantitativa, assente na coleta dos dados e no estudo da relação entre eles. Conclui que a redução da despesa fiscal contribuiu para o aumento da receita pública e que ela apresenta um padrão comportamental semelhante ao da despesa direta. Conclui-se ainda que a integração da despesa fiscal na despesa pública fornece uma ideia mais rigorosa da medida de intervenção do Estado na economia e na sociedade e uma maior transparência na otimização da combinação de ambas no âmbito das escolhas orçamentais.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988 E O MULTICULTURALISMO: GARANTIA AO TERRITÓRIO COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL COLETIVO DOS POVOS E DAS COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS
Authors: Lopes Syglea Rejane Magalhães
Published: September 2016

Este estudo examina a garantia do direito aos territórios por parte de povos e comunidades tradicionais à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988 e das normas infraconstitucionais. A abordagem privilegia a Amazônia Legal e se concentra em três categorias de povos e comunidades tradicionais: indígenas, remanescentes de quilombos e extrativistas tradicionais, localizadas em unidades de conservação e em projeto de assentamento agroextrativista. Faz-se um exame crítico dos institutos jurídicos que garantem aos povos e às comunidades tradicionais o reconhecimento aos territórios. Os resultados da pesquisa enfatizam a importância da normatização e da regulamentação, com base no direito coletivo do reconhecimento aos territórios por parte de povos e comunidades tradicionais, considerando-se que o meio ambiente cultural compõe o patrimônio ambiental nacional – meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.
O TRATAMENTO DUAL DOS CRIMES POLÍTICOS NO CONTEXTO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Silva Fontoura de Barcellos Daniela , Vauthier Borges de Macedo Paulo Emílio
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo demonstra a duplicidade de tratamento da expressão “crime político” no direito brasileiro, bem como os diferentes critérios empregados para a sua categorização. A metodologia utilizada consiste numa análise histórica e na apresentação do estado da arte quanto aos usos do conceito. Para a realização dos nossos objetivos, utilizamos as normas que versam sobre a categoria de crime político e a sua interpretação jurisprudencial desde a Era Vargas, tendo como base empírica os julgados do STF. O estudo constata que, de um lado, a expressão foi utilizada para designar as atividades contra a ordem pública e a segurança nacional, servindo de justificativa para a perda de direitos e de garantias processuais, como a proibição do habeas corpus. Já a caracterização de um crime como político obsta a extradição de estrangeiros e pode lhes conceder asilo, o que impede a atividade persecutória penal do outro Estado.
MEIO AMBIENTE E TRABALHO: POR UMA ÉTICA OCUPACIONAL SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Flores Nilton Cesar , Terribile Daniele Regina
Published: September 2016

A temática meio ambiente de trabalho reproduz as complexidades dos riscos no mundo globalizado. No imbricar da inter-relação deste movimento de globalização da economia e da reestruturação produtiva, desencadeia-se uma série de consequências sociais; ao passo que a globalização e o surgimento de novas tecnologias beneficiaram o homem e, em contrapartida, deram-se à custa de uma margem de descaso e negligência à integridade dos envolvidos no processo. Assim, surge a necessidade de novas abordagens do Direito. Para tanto, o estudo supera a teoria da ecologia rasa e parte da compreensão da teoria da ecologia profunda, sem que esta perca sua essência, propondo-se uma análise focada no elemento homem dentro da teia da vida, indicando um novo princípio norteador: por uma ética ocupacional sustentável.
Educação e desigualdades: o analfabetismo como reforço à iniquidade e exclusão
Authors: Gabrielli Mariele
Published: September 2016

O foco deste estudo são as interrelações entre educação, desigualdade e desenvolvimento, a fim de discutir o analfabetismo no Brasil como um reforço às desigualdades e ferramenta de exclusão. Para efetivar o estudo buscase apoio teórico em Moll (1997), Haddad (2013) e Arretche (2015) e em dados estatísticos sobre o analfabetismo no Brasil. A partir da reflexão teórica proposta constata-se que o analfabetismo ainda é a maior das iniquidades sociais e determinante de muitas formas de exclusão. Contornar o problema e minimizar seus efeitos depende de políticas governamentais e de atitudes voluntárias e práticas solidárias de acolhimento e compreensão do outro.
Alfabetização como uma construção dialógica no conhecimento e aprendizado da leitura e escrita.
Authors: Cardoso Soraia Souza
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo objetiva a reflexão sobre os desafios – e a superação destes – que se apresentam ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, no que se refere à alfabetização, evidenciados em uma situação prática observada em uma sala de aula. O aprofundamento sobre o assunto desvelou a importância da teoria sócio-histórica, notadamente pautada no pensamento de Piaget, Vygotsky e Freire, para entender como se dá a apropriação do conhecimento, reconhecendo a relevância do contexto em que a criança está inserida, bem como reconhecê-la como sujeito da aprendizagem, na qual sua história é considerada. A figura do professor é essencial no sentido de planejar, agir e refletir sobre sua ação, na intenção de propor intervenções pontuais a fim de promover esse aprendizado de maneira contextualizada.
A conceptual framework for facilitating optimal functioning by survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their caregivers at home in Oshana Region, Namibia
Authors: Kuugongelwa Suama , Small Louis
Published: September 2016

Providing care for the survivors of a cerebro-vascular accident in home settings is an increasingly common practice. Accordingly, a conceptual framework was developed with the aim of establishing guidelines for the implementation of a support programme to enable survivors and their caregivers to function optimally at home. The framework involves the attributes of the agent (lecturer as a facilitator), the recipients (survivors and caregivers), the context (the home setting), the procedures for enabling optimal functioning and, finally, the terminus, which is defined at optimal functioning for both the survivors and their caregivers.
BISNIS DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG
Authors: Patria Maharani Ratna
Published: September 2016

this journal explains customs in doing business with Japanese. Japanese has several unique etiquettes which is unknown by westerns. Those customs are important to explain, to avoid missed perception between Japanese and western businessman. This journal also gives some tips for those who don’t really understand Japanese, so that they can adapt with them. This journal explains some Japanese way of life that are applied in their way of doing business. Japanese way of life explanations are highly expected understood so that one understands Japanese behave in doing bussines. For instance: TQM, kaizen, and kaisan are just some of Japanese way of life that is explained simply in this journal.