bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscale 3D Printing of Nanotwinned Copper
Authors: Behroozfar Ali , Daryadel Soheil , Morsali S. Reza , Moreno Salvador , Baniasadi Mahmoud , Bernal Rodrigo A. , Minary‐Jolandan Majid
Published: December 2017

Nanotwinned (nt)‐metals exhibit superior mechanical and electrical properties compared to their coarse‐grained and nanograined counterparts. nt‐metals in film and bulk forms are obtained using physical and chemical processes including pulsed electrodeposition (PED), plastic deformation, recrystallization, phase transformation, and sputter deposition. However, currently, there is no process for 3D printing (additive manufacturing) of nt‐metals. Microscale 3D printing of nt‐Cu is demonstrated with high density of coherent twin boundaries using a new room temperature process based on localized PED (L‐PED). The 3D printed nt‐Cu is fully dense, with low to none impurities, and low microstructural defects, and without obvious interface between printed layers, which overall result in good mechanical and electrical properties, without any postprocessing steps. The L‐PED process enables direct 3D printing of layer‐by‐layer and complex 3D microscale nt‐Cu structures, which may find applications for fabrication of metamaterials, sensors, plasmonics, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Stereoselective Allylic Etherification of Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products
Authors: Zhu Zhongpeng , Wang Hao‐Yuan , Simmons Christopher , Tseng Po‐Sen , Qiu Xiang , Zhang Yu , Duan Xiyan , Yang Jing‐Kui , Tang Weiping
Published: December 2017

We recently developed a novel Ir‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic isomerization reaction for Achmatowicz rearrangement products. In this update, we show that products derived from the Achmatowicz rearrangement can also undergo Ir‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic allylic etherification in the presence of an appropriate ligand and additive to afford useful intermediates for the synthesis of carbohydrates. The addition of the triphenyl phosphite ligand shuts down the isomerization pathway and promotes the allylic etherification pathway. The addition of diphenyl phosphate improved the diastereoselectivity for the addition reaction. Interestingly, opposite diastereoselectivity was observed for sterically demanding alcohol nucleophiles compared to less sterically demanding alcohol nucleophiles. The method was also applied to the synthesis of several 2,3‐dideoxypyranosides.

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Ruthenium(II)‐NNN‐Pincer‐Complex‐Catalyzed Reactions Between Various Alcohols and Amines for Sustainable C−N and C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Maji Milan , Chakrabarti Kaushik , Paul Bhaskar , Roy Bivas Chandra , Kundu Sabuj
Published: December 2017

An air and moisture stable 2‐hydroxypyridine based bifunctional ruthenium NNN‐pincer complex catalyzed efficient (TON=42840) N‐alkylation of amines under mild conditions. Surprisingly, with cyclic secondary amines this methodology selectively produced only amides. Notably, N‐methylation of several amines was achieved by using methanol as a green methylating agent. Furthermore, with lower catalyst loading (0.2 mol%) and shorter reaction time (6 h) numerous substituted quinolines were synthesized from 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols and secondary alcohols. The effectiveness of this protocol was further extended by successfully synthesizing 2‐alkylaminoquinolines in a one‐pot fashion from amino alcohol, aliphatic nitriles, and alcohols. Gram scale synthesis of various compounds was also investigated to demonstrate the synthetic applicability of this methodology.

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Alkenyl C−H Activation and Oxidative Coupling with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Yan Rui , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: December 2017

[Cp*RhCl2]2 was demonstrated to catalyze the oxidative coupling of alkenylpyridines with allylic alcohols through alkenyl C−H activation in the presence of AgOTf and AgOAc to afford β‐alkenyl ketones and aldehydes in moderate to good yields. Allylic alcohol, 1‐aryl and 1‐alkyl allylic alcohols can be coupled with various alkenylpyridines. The reaction occurred at the γ‐position of allylic alcohols and the cis‐β‐position of the alkenylpyridines.
Lichtgesteuerte Freisetzung von Chemikalien aus polymeren Nano‐ und Mikropartikelbehältern
Authors: Englert Christoph , Nischang Ivo , Bader Cornelia , Borchers Philipp , Alex Julien , Pröhl Michael , Hentschel Martin , Hartlieb Matthias , Traeger Anja , Pohnert Georg , Schubert Stephanie , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: December 2017

Ein Diol‐Linker mit Benzoin‐Grundkörper wurde synthetisiert und zur Herstellung biokompatibler Polyester verwendet, die bei Bedarf durch UV‐Licht vollständig abgebaut werden können. Um eine definierte Einkapselung von strukturell unterschiedlichen organischen Verbindungen in den hergestellten polymeren Materialien und einen gut kontrollierbaren Polymerabbauprozess zu ermöglichen, wurde eine umfassende strukturelle Optimierung der Monomerlinkereinheit durchgeführt. Die Verfolgung der Freisetzungskinetik verkapselter Modellverbindungen aus den polymeren Nano‐ und Mikropartikelbehältern wurde durch konfokale Laser‐Scanning‐Mikroskopie als grundsätzlicher Nachweis für gewünschte Anwendungen ermöglicht. Die physikochemischen Eigenschaften der Modellverbindungen reichen dabei von vollständig hydrophil bis vollständig hydrophob. Die nachgewiesene Biokompatibilität der verwendeten Polyester und ihrer Abbauprodukte ermöglichen weitere Anwendungen, z. B. als intelligente Verpackung von UV‐empfindlichen pharmazeutisch oder ernährungsrelevanten Substanzen oder auch für räumlich selektive Selbstheilungsprozesse.
Elektrochemische Synthese von Aryliodiden durch anodische Iododesilylierung
Authors: Möckel Robert , Hille Jessica , Winterling Erik , Weidemüller Stephan , Faber Tabea Melanie , Hilt Gerhard
Published: December 2017

Ein neuer elektrochemischer Zugang zu Iodaromaten ausgehend von Trimethylsilyl‐substituierten Aromaten wird präsentiert. Durch statistische Versuchsplanung konnten sehr effiziente und milde Reaktionsbedingungen gefunden und auf eine Vielzahl von Substraten angewendet werden. Ein Kompatibilitätstest und die Verwendung der Methode zur Synthese eines 3‐Iodbenzylguanidin‐Derivats (Radiomarker) illustrieren die Anwendungsbreite.
Comparison of two different techniques of cooperative learning approach: Undergraduates' conceptual understanding in the context of hormone biochemistry
Authors: Mutlu Ayfer
Published: December 2017

The purpose of the research was to compare the effects of two different techniques of the cooperative learning approach, namely Team‐Game Tournament and Jigsaw, on undergraduates' conceptual understanding in a Hormone Biochemistry course. Undergraduates were randomly assigned to Group 1 (N = 23) and Group 2 (N = 29). Instructions were accomplished using Team‐Game Tournament in Group 1 and Jigsaw in Group 2. Before the instructions, all groups were informed about cooperative learning and techniques, their responsibilities in the learning process and accessing of resources. Instructions were conducted under the guidance of the researcher for nine weeks and the Hormone Concept Test developed by the researcher was used before and after the instructions for data collection. According to the results, while both techniques improved students' understanding, Jigsaw was more effective than Team‐Game Tournament. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):114–120, 2018.
Exploring cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Warø Bjørg Johanne , Aasly Jan O.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To compare the risk of non‐skin cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), explore the age at which LRRK2 mutation carriers have cancer compared to iPD subjects, and clarify whether certain cancers are more closely associated with the LRRK2 mutation than iPD.

Materials and Methods

Demographic data and cancer outcomes from 830 iPD patients and 103 LRRK2 mutation carriers (27 with PD) were retrospectively collected. Oncologic data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway and included cancer type and age at cancer. All study participants were of Norwegian ethnicity.

Results

LRRK2 mutation carriers have increased risk of non‐skin cancer compared with iPD subjects (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16–3.77; p = .015). A significant association was found between the mutation and breast cancer in women (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.45–14.51; p = .010). No other associations between harboring a LRRK2 mutation and specific cancer types were uncovered.

Conclusion

LRRK2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of non‐skin cancer compared with iPD subjects, which was mainly driven by the association between harboring the mutation and breast cancer in women. The increased risk is likely independent of ethnicity.
Trochanteric fracture following hip arthrodesis: case presentation
Authors: Deleanu Bogdan , Prejbeanu Radu , Vermesan Dinu , Haragus Horia , Honcea Lucian , Mioc Mihail‐Lazar , Tsiridis Eleftherios , Predescu Vlad
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical Message

Even if the intertrochanteric fracture under an arthrodesis hip is rare and the optimal surgical treatment is controversial, we consider that treating this kind of fracture with a locked plate was a success.
Congenital methemoglobinemia type II in a 5‐year‐old boy
Authors: Mannino Elizabeth A. , Pluim Thomas , Wessler Jacob , Cho Megan T. , Juusola Jane , Schrier Vergano Samantha A.
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical Message

Congenital Methemoglobinemia is a rare neurologic condition which can mimic other diseases such as epilepsy syndromes and leukodystrophies. The responsible gene, CYB5R3, is not typically included on commonly order neurologic and epilepsy panels. We recommend that laboratories include this gene on these tests which often precede larger‐scale genetic studies.
On the Generality of Molecular Volcano Plots
Authors: Wodrich Matthew D. , Sawatlon Boodsarin , Busch Michael , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: December 2017

In homogeneous catalysis, the structure and electronic configuration of the active catalysts can vary significantly. Changes in ligation, oxidation, and spin states have the potential to influence the catalytic cycle energetics strongly that, to a large degree, dictate the catalytic performance. With the increased use of computational screening strategies aimed towards the identification of new catalysts, ambiguity surrounding structure/electronic configurations can be problematic, as it is unclear which species should be computed to determine a catalyst's properties. Here, we show that a single volcano plot constructed from linear free energy scaling relationships is able to account for variations in ligation, oxidation, and spin state. These linear scaling relationships can also be used to predict the free energies associated with a specific structure and electronic configuration of a catalyst based on a single descriptor. As a result, a single volcano plot can be used to screen prospective new catalysts rapidly.
Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Electrochemistry of 3‐Triarylphosphoraniminato‐1,3,5‐trithia‐2,4,6,8‐tetrazocines: Detection of Trithiatetrazocinyl Radical Anions
Authors: Yu Xin , Roemmele Tracey L. , Boeré René T.
Published: December 2017

Reaction of the bicyclic sulfur‐nitrogen heterocycles RC6H4CN5S3 (R=4‐CH3O, 4‐CH3, 4‐H, 4‐Cl, 4‐CF3, 3‐CF3) with PR’3 (R′=C6H5 or 4‐CH3OC6H4) produces 3‐phosphoraniminato‐7‐aryl‐1,3,5‐trithia‐2,4,6,8‐tetrazocines RC6H4CN4S3NPR’3. In all cases, only the endo‐isomers were isolated and characterized by 1H, 31P, and 19F NMR as well as UV spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. RB3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)// RB3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) computations were undertaken to help explain the atom‐exact syntheses via intermediates previously detected spectroscopically. Three reasonable intermediates have been computed as stationary points with energies consistent with the observed reaction path. Cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry studies of RC6H4CN4S3NPR’3, using a glassy carbon working electrode in CH2Cl2 with 0.4 M [nBu4N][PF6], reveal two IRR reduction processes at RT in all cases at approximately −1.9 and −2.2 V, respectively, and one IRR oxidation process at approximately +1.0 V (versus Fc+/0). [RC6H4CN4S3NPR’3]−. radical anions (R’=4‐CH3OC6H4, R=4‐CH3O, 4‐H, 4‐CF3) were detected at −50 °C in CH2Cl2 by using in situ electrolysis and simultaneous electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: [4‐RC6H4CN4S3NP(4‐CH3OC6H4)3]−., estimated a(31P)=0.078 mT, a(14N1)=0.031 mT, a(14N2,3)=0.256 mT, a(14N4,5)=0.341 mT. The signals decay rapidly, but after the electrolysis is ended, a persistent EPR signal is always obtained with EPR parameters that match known 4‐aryl‐1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyls, that is, a(N)=0.51 mT and g=2.0105, which are consistent with the production of [4‐CF3‐C6H4CN2S2]..
An Asymmetric‐Electrolyte Zn−Air Battery with Ultrahigh Power Density and Energy Density
Authors: Cai Pingwei , Li Yan , Chen Junxiang , Jia Jingchun , Wang Genxiang , Wen Zhenhai
Published: December 2017

Zn−air batteries have attracted enormous research interest, driven by the promise for vehicle propulsion owing to their advantages of high‐level safety, low cost, and high specific energy density. Here, we report an asymmetric‐electrolyte Zn−air battery with acid catholyte and alkaline anolyte separated by a bipolar membrane. We demonstrate that the as‐designed Zn−air battery, thanks to the as‐formed concentration cell, can deliver a maximum power density of 380 mW cm−2 and a specific energy density of 1522 Wh kg−1 with an open‐circuit voltage of 2.25 V. The as‐proposed Zn−air battery performance is superior to the conventional Zn−air battery in terms of these pivotal performance parameters.
Electrochemical Properties of Boron‐Doped Fullerene Derivatives for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Sood Parveen , Kim Ki Chul , Jang Seung Soon
Published: December 2017

The high electron affinity of fullerene C60 coupled with the rich chemistry of carbon makes it a promising material for cathode applications in lithium‐ion batteries. Since boron has one electron less than carbon, the presence of boron on C60 cages is expected to generate electron deficiency in C60, and thereby to enhance its electron affinity. By using density functional theory (DFT), we studied the redox potentials and electronic properties of C60 and C59B. We have found that doping C60 with one boron atom results in a substantial increase in redox potential from 2.462 V to 3.709 V, which was attributed to the formation of an open shell system. We also investigated the redox and electronic properties of C59B functionalized with various redox‐active oxygen containing functional groups (OCFGs). For the combination of functionalization with OCFGs and boron doping, it is found that the enhancement of redox potential is reduced, which is mainly attributed to the open shell structure being changed to a closed‐shell one. Nevertheless, the redox potentials are still higher than that of pristine C60. From the observation that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of closed‐shell OCFG‐ functionalized C59B is correlated well with the redox potential, it was confirmed that the spin state is crucial to be considered to understand the relationship between electronic structure and redox properties.
Comparative genetics of invasive populations of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola, and its introduced parasitoid, Trioxys pallidus, in California
Authors: Andersen Jeremy C. , Mills Nicholas J.
Published: December 2017

Coevolution may be an important component of the sustainability of importation biological control, but how frequently introduced natural enemies coevolve with their target pests is unclear. Here we explore whether comparative population genetics of the invasive walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola, and its introduced parasitoid, Trioxys pallidus, provide insights into the localized breakdown of biological control services in walnut orchards in California. We found that sampled populations of C. juglandicola exhibited higher estimates of genetic differentiation (FST) than co‐occurring populations of T. pallidus. In contrast, estimates of both the inbreeding coefficient (GIS) and contemporary gene flow were higher for T. pallidus than for C. juglandicola. We also found evidence of reciprocal outlier loci in some locations, but none showed significant signatures of selection. Synthesis and applications. Understanding the importance of coevolutionary interactions for the sustainability of biological control remains an important and understudied component of biological control research. Given the observed differences in gene flow and genetic differentiation among populations of T. pallidus and C. juglandicola, we suspect that temporary local disruption of biological control services may occur more frequently than expected while remaining stable at broader regional scales. Further research that combines genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping with measurements of phenotypic traits is needed to provide more conclusive evidence of whether the occurrence of outlier loci that display significant signatures of selection can be interpreted as evidence of the presence of a geographic mosaic of coevolution in this system.
Egg size and emergence timing affect morphology and behavior in juvenile Chinook Salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Authors: Cogliati Karen M. , Unrein Julia R. , Stewart Heather A. , Schreck Carl B. , Noakes David L. G.
Published: December 2017

Variation in early life history traits often leads to differentially expressed morphological and behavioral phenotypes. We investigated whether variation in egg size and emergence timing influence subsequent morphology associated with migration timing in juvenile spring Chinook Salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Based on evidence for a positive relationship between growth rate and migration timing, we predicted that fish from small eggs and fish that emerged earlier would have similar morphology to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs and individuals that emerged later would be more similar to older spring yearling migrants. We sorted eyed embryos within females into two size categories: small and large. We collected early and late‐emerging juveniles from each egg size category. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and found that egg size appears to drive morphological differences. Egg size shows evidence for an absolute rather than relative effect on body morphology. Fish from small eggs were morphologically more similar to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs were morphologically more similar to older spring yearling migrants. Previous research has shown that the body morphology of fish that prefer the surface or bottom location in a tank soon after emergence also correlates with the morphological variations between wild fall and spring migrants, respectively. We found that late‐emerging fish spent more time near the surface. Our study shows that subtle differences in early life history characteristics may correlate with a diversity of future phenotypes.
Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides containing TTAGGG motifs inhibit cGAS activation in human monocytes
Authors: Steinhagen Folkert , Zillinger Thomas , Peukert Konrad , Fox Mario , Thudium Marcus , Barchet Winfried , Putensen Christian , Klinman Dennis , Latz Eicke , Bode Christian
Published: December 2017

Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical mediator of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome (AGS). The recently discovered cyclic‐GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) induces the production of type I IFN in response to cytosolic DNA and is potentially linked to SLE and AGS. Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing repetitive TTAGGG motifs present in mammalian telomeres have proven useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including SLE. In this study, we demonstrate that the suppressive ODN A151 effectively inhibits activation of cGAS in response to cytosolic DNA, thereby inhibiting type I IFN production by human monocytes. In addition, A151 abrogated cGAS activation in response to endogenous accumulation of DNA using TREX1‐deficient monocytes. We demonstrate that A151 prevents cGAS activation in a manner that is competitive with DNA. This suppressive activity of A151 was dependent on both telomeric sequence and phosphorothioate backbone. To our knowledge this report presents the first cGAS inhibitor capable of blocking self‐DNA. Collectively, these findings might lead to the development of new therapeutics against IFN‐driven pathologies due to cGAS activation.
Degradation of inverted architecture CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx perovskite solar cells due to trapped moisture
Authors: Bracher Christopher , Freestone Benjamin G. , Mohamad David K. , Smith Joel A. , Lidzey David G.
Published: December 2017

We explore degradation pathways within encapsulated CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx perovskite devices based on the inverted architecture: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx/PC70BM/LiF/Al. Devices were subjected to more than 670 h of continuous illumination approximating AM1.5, with a Ts80 lifetime of (280 ± 20) hours determined. Devices stored in the dark underwent a similar drop in efficiency over the same time‐period. Using external quantum efficiency, time‐resolved photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and laser beam induced current mapping, we attribute the primary cause of degradation to reactions with residual moisture trapped in the device, resulting in the decomposition of the perovskite.
Composition and origin of a lithalsa related to lake‐level recession and Holocene terrestrial emergence, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Gaanderse Adrian J.R. , Wolfe Stephen A. , Burn Christopher R.
Published: December 2017

Lithalsas of the Great Slave Lowland, Northwest Territories, occur within fine‐grained glaciolacustrine, lacustrine, and alluvial deposits. Detailed investigations of a lithalsa revealed that it is composed of ice‐rich sediments with ice lenses up to 0.2 m thick below 4 m depth. The observed ice accounted for about 2 m of the 4 m between the top of the lithalsa and adjacent terrain. The ice is isotopically similar to modern surface water, but enriched in δ18O relative to local precipitation. Total soluble cation concentrations are low in the basal, Shield‐derived and unweathered glaciolacustrine sediments of the lithalsa. Higher concentrations in the overlying Holocene‐aged lacustrine and alluvial deposits may be due to greater ion availability in Holocene surface waters. Increasing Cl‐ and Na+ concentrations in clays at depth likely relate to exclusion and migration of these dissolved ions in pore water during ice lens formation though total soluble cations remain comparatively low. The lithalsa developed 700 to 300 cal yr BP. A conceptual model of lithalsa formation and landscape evolution illustrates that this feature and more than 1800 other lithalsas in the region have developed in association with Holocene terrestrial emergence following lake‐level recession. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption of network for visual perception of natural motion in primary dystonia
Authors: Fujita Koji , Sako Wataru , Vo An , Bressman Susan B. , Eidelberg David
Published: December 2017

In healthy subjects, brain activation in motor regions is greater during the visual perception of “natural” target motion, which complies with the two‐thirds power law, than of “unnatural” motion, which does not. It is unknown whether motion perception is normally mediated by a specific network that can be altered in the setting of disease. We used block‐design functional magnetic resonance imaging and covariance analysis to identify normal network topographies activated in response to “natural” versus “unnatural” motion. A visual motion perception‐related pattern (VPRP) was identified in 12 healthy subjects, characterized by covarying activation responses in the inferior parietal lobule, frontal operculum, lateral occipitotemporal cortex, amygdala, and cerebellum (Crus I). Selective VPRP activation during “natural” motion was confirmed in 12 testing scans from healthy subjects. Consistent network activation was not seen, however, in 29 patients with dystonia, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which motion perception pathways may be involved. Using diffusion tractography, we evaluated the integrity of anatomical connections between the major VPRP nodes. Indeed, fiber counts in these pathways were substantially reduced in the dystonia subjects. In aggregate, the findings associate normal motion perception with a discrete brain network which can be disrupted under pathological conditions.
A study of hormonal effects in cervical smear samples using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Traynor Damien , Kearney Padraig , Ramos Ines , Martin Cara M. , O'Leary John J. , Lyng Fiona M.
Published: December 2017

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool that has the potential to be used as a screening method for cervical cancer. It is a label‐free, low‐cost method providing a biochemical fingerprint of a given sample. The objective of this study was to address patient‐to‐patient variability contributed by hormonal effects due to the menstrual cycle, the use of hormone‐based contraceptives (HC) and the onset of menopause, and to determine if these changes would affect the ability to successfully identify dyskaryotic cells. Raman spectra were recorded from unstained ThinPrep cervical samples (45 cytology negative and 15 high‐grade dyskaryosis (high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL) samples using a HORIBA Jobin Yvon XploRA system. HPV DNA testing was also performed. Clinical data collected included date of the last menstrual period, the use of HC and/or menopausal status. Spectral changes were observed depending on the day of the menstrual cycle and on the use of HC. Despite this, HSIL could be discriminated from normal cells regardless of the day on which the sample was taken or the use of HC.
Image‐guided recording system for spatial and temporal mapping of neuronal activities in brain slice
Authors: Choi Geonho , Lee Jeonghyeon , Kim Hyeongeun , Jang Jaemyung , Im Changkyun , Jeon Nooli , Jung Woonggyu
Published: December 2017

In this study, we introduce the novel image‐guided recording system (IGRS) for efficient interpretation of neuronal activities in the brain slice. IGRS is designed to combine microelectrode array (MEA) and optical coherence tomography at the customized upright microscope. It allows to record multi‐site neuronal signals and image of the volumetric brain anatomy in a single body configuration. For convenient interconnection between a brain image and neuronal signals, we developed the automatic mapping protocol that enables us to project acquired neuronal signals on a brain image. To evaluate the performance of IGRS, hippocampal signals of the brain slice were monitored, and corresponding with two‐dimensional neuronal maps were successfully reconstructed. Our results indicated that IGRS and mapping protocol can provide the intuitive information regarding long‐term and multi‐sites neuronal signals. In particular, the temporal and spatial mapping capability of neuronal signals would be a very promising tool to observe and analyze the massive neuronal activity and connectivity in MEA‐based electrophysiological studies.
The lncRNA MALAT1 contributes to non‐small cell lung cancer development via modulating miR‐124/STAT3 axis
Authors: Li Sen , Mei Zhoufang , Hu Hai‐Bo , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2017

lncRNAs can exert many biological effects in several cancer types. MALAT1 is a kind of lncRNA which is greatly overexpressed in several tumors including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC still remains unclear. In our current study, we concentrated on the biological mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC. It was observed that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in five human NSCLC cells including A549, H23, H522, H1299, and H460 cells compared to normal bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells. On the contrary, miR‐124 was remarkably downregulated, which indicated a potential negative correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. MALAT1 inhibition can increase miR‐124 expression in A549 and H460 cells. In addition, miR‐124 mimics were able to repress MALAT1 expression and miR124 inhibitors can promote MALAT1 levels. Then it was found that shMALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis, which can be reversed by miR‐124 inhibitors. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. In addition, STAT3 was found to be a novel mRNA target of miR‐124. Downregulation of MALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC development by enhancing miR‐124 and decreasing STAT3 expression. We speculated that MALAT1can act as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to modulate miR‐124/STAT3 in NSCLC. Taken these together, we revealed that MALAT1/miR‐124/STAT3 was involved in NSCLC development.
Retracted: LncRNA LINC00880 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis by targeting CACNG5 through the MAPK signaling pathway in spinal cord ependymoma
Authors: Wu Dong‐Mei , Wang Yong‐Jian , Han Xin‐Rui , Wen Xin , Wang Shan , Shen Min , Fan Shao‐Hua , Zhuang Juan , Zhang Zi‐Feng , Shan Qun , Li Meng‐Qiu , Hu Bin , Sun Chun‐Hui , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin
Published: December 2017

The present study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA LINC00880 targeting CACNG5 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in spinal cord ependymoma (SCE) through the MAPK signaling pathway. GEO database was used to download gene expression data related with SCE (GSE50161 and GSE66354) and annotation file. LncRNA with differential expression was predicted by Multi Experiment Matrix website (MEM). The target gene was analyzed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. SCE tissues and adjacent tissues were collected. The positive expression of CACNG5 protein was tested by immunohistochemistry. Expression of LINC00880, CACNG5, and MAPK signaling pathway‐related proteins was measured with qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis were detected using MTT, Transwell assay, Scratch test, and Flow cytometry. SCE tissues showed increased LINC00880 expression. CACNG5 was a target gene of LINC00880 and correlated with MAPK signaling pathway. Compared with adjacent tissues, SCE tissues showed lower positive expression of CACNG5. Compared with the blank group, LINC00880 expression was higher in the LINC00880 vector and LINC00880 vector + CACNG5 vector groups, and lower in the si‐LINC00880 and si‐LINC00880 + si‐CACNG5 groups; in the LINC00880 vector and si‐CACNG5 groups, expression of survivin, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3 increased and CACNG5 and Bax expression reduced, the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells increased, and apoptosis rate decreased. Opposite results were found in the si‐LINC00880 and CACNG5 vector groups. The findings indicate that lncRNA LINC00880 targeting CACNG5 inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in SCE through the MAPK signaling pathway.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for advanced liver cirrhosis: A case report
Authors: Rajaram Ruveena , Subramani Baskar , Abdullah Basri J J , Mahadeva Sanjiv
Published: December 2017

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplant may offer an alternative to liver transplantation in patients with end‐stage liver disease. However, its efficacy remains uncertain. MSC was performed on a 50‐year‐old male with decompensated (Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh grade C) alcoholic liver cirrhosis due to an absence of donors for adult‐deceased and living‐related liver transplantation. Autologous bone marrow‐derived MSCs were harvested from the patient and cultured using standard protocols. The MSCs were subsequently re‐administrated into the liver via hepatic intra‐arterial infusion on two separate occasions. After infusion, there was an improvement in biochemical parameters (serum total bilirubin, serum albumin), and a reduction of diuretic use for ascites for up to 8 weeks. However, all biochemical and clinical parameters deteriorated on long‐term follow‐up without any further infusions. The patient eventually succumbed to his disease. MSC transplantation may have a clinical benefit on adult patients with end‐stage liver cirrhosis, but this appears to be transitory.
Impact of Preoperative Ultrasonographic Evaluation for Detection of a Viable Testis in Patients With a Unilateral Nonpalpable Testis
Authors: Moriya Kimihiko , Nakamura Michiko , Nishimura Yoko , Nishida Mutsumi , Kudo Yusuke , Kanno Yukiko , Kitta Takeya , Kon Masafumi , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To investigate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for detecting a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis.

Methods

Patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis or unilateral palpable undescended testis who underwent preoperative US were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: nonpalpable testis/no testis (n = 27), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with no viable testis detected at surgery; nonpalpable testis/viable testis (n = 10), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with a viable testis identified at surgery; and palpable undescended testis (n = 63), which included patients who had a unilateral palpable undescended testis. Preoperative US findings were compared among each group.

Results

The testicular volume on the contralateral descended side in the nonpalpable testis/no testis group was significantly greater than that in the nonpalpable testis/viable testis and palpable undescended testis groups. When a testicular volume of 0.54 mL was used as the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the presence of the affected testis were 75.3%, 100%, 100%, and 60.0%, respectively. The testis on the affected side was detected in none of the nonpalpable testis/no testis group, 7 of the nonpalpable testis/viable testis group, and all of the palpable undescended testis group. When a visible testis on the affected side and a testicular volume of 0.54 mL or less were defined as positive, all patients in the nonpalpable testis/viable testis and palpable undescended testis groups had positive findings versus none in the nonpalpable testis/no testis group.

Conclusions

Preoperative US provides valuable information for predicting the presence of a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis by estimating both the unaffected testis and the affected side.
A case of hypoglossal nerve stimulator‐resistant obstructive sleep apnea cured with the addition of a chin strap
Authors: Ramaswamy Apoorva T. , Li Carol , Suurna Maria V.
Published: December 2017

A population of appropriately selected patients does not respond, or does not achieve cure, with hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS). We describe the case of nonresponder whose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) resolved with the addition of chin strap. After initial placement and titration of HGNS implant, follow‐up sleep study demonstrated persistent moderate OSA. Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy demonstrated supraglottic collapse with activate neurostimulation. With mouth closure and change of stimulation settings to unipolar from bipolar, the airway collapse and desaturations improved. The follow‐up polysomnogram with (HGNS) therapy and chin strap demonstrated resolution of sleep apnea. Laryngoscope, 128:1727–1729, 2018
Management of head and neck primary unknown squamous cell carcinoma using combined positron emission tomography‐computed tomography and transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Kuta Victoria , Williams Blair , Rigby Matthew , Hart Robert , Trites Jonathan , MacKay Colin , Taylor S. Mark
Published: December 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

The unknown primary of the neck is commonly encountered by the head and neck surgeon. Despite the exhaustive diagnostic tools employed in traditional detection protocols, many unknown primaries are not found, and the patient is subjected to wide‐field radiation and chemotherapy during treatment. Localizing the primary tumor has demonstrated therapeutic benefits, improved quality of life, and overall survival. The authors' objective was to determine the efficacy of a new management protocol for unknown primaries of the head and neck.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Our technique involved a preoperative positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) followed by a planned transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) approach. Efficacy was assessed based on survival statistics, disease control, detection rates, the proportion of patients not receiving adjuvant therapy, and the proportion of PET‐CT scans helpful for detection of the primary cancer.

Results

The occult primary was located in 25 of the 27 patients (93%), with the majority found in the palatine tonsil (52%). Both overall survival and disease‐specific survival was 80% at 36 months. Local control was achieved in 100% of patients. After surgery, 37.0% (n = 10) received adjuvant radiation alone and 33.3% (n = 9) of patients went on to receive adjuvant chemoradiation. On imaging, 72% (n = 18) of PET‐CT scans correctly localized the primary tumor.

Conclusions

Occult head and neck primaries present a diagnostic challenge that is not adequately overcome using traditional detection protocols. The current study presents our unique protocol at Dalhousie University, which demonstrates the efficacy of the PET‐CT TLM protocol from both a detection and therapeutic perspective.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:2307–2311, 2018
An app to enhance resident education in otolaryngology
Authors: Hsueh Wayne D. , Bent John P. , Moskowitz Howard S.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Technological change is leading to an evolution in medical education. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of a medical knowledge app, called PulseQD, on resident education within our otolaryngology–head and neck surgery department at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, NY).

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted within the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery from July 2016 to June 2017. All faculty attendings and residents were asked to participate in the study and were included. A Web and mobile‐based app, PulseQD, that allowed for collaborative learning was implemented. Questionnaires were given at the beginning and end of the academic year. Otolaryngology Training Exam (OTE) scores were collected

Results

A total of 20 residents and 13 faculty members participated in the study. Residents used online sources of medical information significantly more often than faculty (90% and 54%, respectively, P = 0.0179). Residents and faculty felt that PulseQD offered a valuable perspective on clinically relevant medical information (P = 0.0003), was a great way to test clinical and medical knowledge (P = 0.0001), and improved the sharing and discussing of medical knowledge (P < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant 5.8% improvement in OTE scores (P = 0.0008) at the end of the academic year.

Conclusion

The implementation of a novel mobile app, PulseQD, was well received by residents and faculty in the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Preliminary data suggest that app‐based learning may lead to improved performance on knowledge‐based assessments.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:1340–1345, 2018
Low‐level ultrahigh‐frequency and ultrashort‐pulse blue laser irradiation enhances osteoblast extracellular calcification by upregulating proliferation and differentiation via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
Authors: Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Aoki Akira , Tamura Yukihiko , Aoki Kazuhiro , Izumi Yuichi
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective

Low‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) exerts various biostimulative effects, including promotion of wound healing and bone formation; however, few studies have examined biostimulation using blue lasers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low‐level ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF) and ultrashort‐pulse (USP) blue laser irradiation on osteoblasts.

Study Design/ Materials and Methods

The MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cell line was used in this study. Following LLLI with a 405 nm newly developed UHF‐USP blue laser (80 MHz, 100 fs), osteoblast proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. In addition, mRNA levels of the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and osteopontin (Opn) was evaluated, and extracellular calcification was quantified. To clarify the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in LLLI‐induced biostimulation, cells were treated prior to LLLI with capsazepine (CPZ), a selective inhibitor of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and subsequent proliferation and ALP activity were measured.

Results

LLLI with the 405 nm UHF‐USP blue laser significantly enhanced cell proliferation and ALP activity, compared with the non‐irradiated control and LLLI using continuous‐wave mode, without significant temperature elevation. LLLI promoted osteoblast proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner up to 9.4 J/cm2 and significantly accelerated cell proliferation in in vitro wound healing assay. ALP activity was significantly enhanced at doses up to 5.6 J/cm2, and expression of Osx and Alp mRNAs was significantly increased compared to that of the control on days 3 and 7 following LLLI at 5.6 J/cm2. The extent of extracellular calcification was also significantly higher as a result of LLLI 3 weeks after the treatment. Measurement of TRPV1 protein expression on 0, 3, and 7 days post‐irradiation revealed no differences between the LLLI and control groups; however, promotion of cell proliferation and ALP activity by LLLI was significantly inhibited by CPZ.

Conclusion

LLLI with a 405 nm UHF‐USP blue laser enhances extracellular calcification of osteoblasts by upregulating proliferation and differentiation via TRPV1. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:340–352, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced adhesion between glass, carbon, and their hybrid fiber‐bundle with epoxy at room and elevated temperatures: A comparative study between graphene and MWCNT filled interface strategies
Authors: Yang Bin , Yang Kang , Xuan Fu‐Zhen , Xiang Yanxun , Li Dan , Luo Chengqiang
Published: December 2017

The nanomaterial effect on the interfacial properties between glass, carbon, and their 1:1 hybrid fiber‐bundle reinforced epoxy resin is evaluated based on fiber‐bundle pull‐out tests. Graphene and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are incorporated in the interfacial region. Three contents of nanomaterials that including 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% are considered, and the temperatures are set as 25 and 150°C during the pull‐out tests, respectively. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of graphene and MWCNT filled interfaces is compared. Results indicate that both the two nanomaterials can improve the IFSS and shear toughness effectively. The IFSS of 0.3 wt% MWCNT filled glass‐carbon/epoxy hybrid specimens is increased by 82% at 150°C, which is the largest among all the specimens. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphologies of fiber surfaces, the IFSS improvements are ascribed to the efficient stress transfer by the enhanced bonding performance after filling nanomaterials in the interphase. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2370–E2380, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Using sisterhood networks to cultivate ethnic identity and enhance school engagement
Authors: Jones Janine M. , Lee Lisa H. , Matlack Alexa , Zigarelli Julia
Published: December 2017

School engagement has been found to be a statistically significant predictor of academic success. Education researchers are particularly interested in exploring the factors that influence the ways in which students are engaged in the classroom. As the population of students in the United States has become increasingly multicultural, it is imperative that current research address the cultural influences that may be related to school engagement. This study explored how ethnic identity development and school engagement are related with a sample of African American girls in middle school. Twelve participants received 6 weeks of a cultural awareness group curriculum (Sisters of Nia) and 6 weeks of an informal girls group in this multiple group intervention study. School engagement, cultural style, and ethnic identity were measured throughout the group intervention. Results indicated that girls that participated in the culturally responsive intervention group demonstrated significantly higher ratings of their ethnic identity. Another result indicated that the Humanism ideology of ethnic identity, which de‐emphasizes race in worldviews and behavior, was predicted by group membership. Finally, school engagement was significantly greater for the girls who participated in the culturally responsive intervention group. The implications for culturally responsive methods of intervention in schools are discussed.
Does context matter? An analysis of training in multicultural assessment, consultation, and intervention between school psychologists in urban and rural contexts
Authors: Newell Markeda , Looser Joshua
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of training in multicultural assessment, intervention, and consultation of school psychologists in urban and rural contexts. Although there is greater cultural and sociodemographic diversity in urban settings as compared to rural settings, it is unknown whether school psychologists in urban settings have more training than school psychologists in rural contexts to assess, consult, or intervene in these multicultural settings. For this reason, 86 school psychologists in rural and urban contexts were surveyed about their training in multicultural assessment, consultation, and intervention. Results indicated that, overall, the school psychologists had little to no training in multicultural assessment, intervention, and consultation. However, school psychologists in urban context did indicate significantly higher level of training in multicultural intervention. Implications for multicultural training are discussed.
Synthesis of helical polyisocyanides bearing aza‐crown ether groups as pendant
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Tokuhara Shingo , Sekine Tomoko , Kataoka Yuki , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka
Published: December 2017

We, herein, present a novel synthesis of responsive helical poly(aryl isocyanide)s bearing aza‐crown ethers as pendant groups. Chiral aryl isocyanide monomers bearing an aza‐crown ether as a pendant were designed and synthesized, piror to polymerization using a Pd‐Pt µ‐ethynediyl complex as an initiator to give the corresponding polymers in good yield. The resulting polyisocyanides adopted a stable helical structure in solution, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the polymers were soluble in various solvents. Furthemore, the addition of suitable alkali metal ions to the crown ether of the sidechain on the helical polyisocyanide to form host‐gest complexes resulted in deformation of the helix due to electrostatic repulsion, and these phenomena depended on the size of metal cations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 496–504.