bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of FKY’s Visual Content Production
Authors: Sudiwijaya Erwan , Cahyo Oki
Published: November 2023

One event that encourages economic growth in Yogyakarta is the Festival of Culture of Yogyakarta (FKY). In the 2022 FKY held at Taman Kuliner Condong Catur, vendors experienced a more than 100 percent increase in sales in just 18 days. Over 39,000 people participated in FKY Memeh Ruah 2022. Creative spaces were provided to a total of 1,749 arts and culture professionals. In line with the growing economic impact, 60 tenants at Taman Kuliner reported that daily economic transactions were exceeding IDR 25 million. This research aims to describe content production management by the FKY communications team in marketing the festival on digital media. Researchers used qualitative research methods with a descriptive analysis approach. Data was collected through interviews with Rully Prasetya, FKY Creative Director, observation of visual content produced by the Communications Division on their Instagram account, and documents from media coverage related to the event. This research reveals that content production management by the FKY communications team for festival marketing in digital media is carried out through corporate focus, customer experience, content creation, channel promotion, and check-back analysis, all with a collaborative thread. The novelty of this research lies in the collaborative process of content production for digital media, which involves various stakeholders.
Exploring on Acceptance of E-Participation in The Malaysian Public Sector: A Review Paper
Authors: Man Mohamad Nur Salam , Manaf Halimah Abdul
Published: November 2023

Since the federal, state, and local levels of government in Malaysia have all initiated the e-participation project as an integration of the national e-government initiative and combined communication-based applications consisting of government-to-citizen (G2C) orientation, assessment studies have discovered that the delivery of this project carries multiple issues. These include minimal digital knowledge, a lack of awareness, the requirement for more government support for the project, and other factors. This has resulted in certain entities not making the most of e-participation tools. Thus, this review paper intends to examine some relevant acceptance factors of the Malaysian government's e-participation programme, which has received significant investment. This study methodology used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to build the research model for this study by exploring the relevant books, journals, online materials, and study reports linked to the e-participation acceptance in Malaysian public sector. The UTAUT and TRI factors may influence the likelihood of its adoption by all Malaysian governments and citizens, which will encourage them to support the use of e-participation in the public sector in Malaysia. The proposed model will evaluate the individual acceptance of e-participation in the Malaysian public sector. This study is anticipated to provide several guidance to relevant parties, particularly the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), which is one of the most prominent government agencies in Malaysia responsible for modernising and reforming the public sector through the digitalisation process, and other related government agencies in Malaysia. For future studies, additional empirical qualitative and quantitative methodologies are required to validate the findings of this study.
Analysis of E-mentoring Platform for Future Leaders’ Development: A Comprehensive Literature
Authors: Mutiarin Dyah , Manaf Halimah Abdul , Man Mohamad Nur Salam , Kasiwi Aulia Nur , Nurjanah Adhianty
Published: November 2023

The study aims to analyze the role of e-mentoring in developing leadership skills between mentors and mentees, particularly in global environment. This research is using qualitative approach that work on a comprehensive literature development on e-mentoring platform for future leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the labour market, making it difficult for young people to secure productive employment. They often lack experience, talents, and social networks, making it difficult to find suitable candidates. Informational asymmetry and limited access to resources further exacerbate these employment obstacles. A significant proportion of youth are not employed, in school, or training, resulting in diminished employment prospects and challenges in adapting to the workplace. The result shown that e-mentoring offers numerous advantages, including accessibility, professional development, and enhanced communication skills. It allows mentees to ask questions anytime, anywhere, and can be used for professional growth. E-mentoring also improves teamwork and accessibility, allowing for diverse collaboration and breaking down sociocultural barriers. However, it also presents challenges, such as ensuring proper communication and addressing cultural differences. Overall, e-mentoring offers a more accessible and effective mentoring system.
Indonesia's MSME Development Strategy through the Development of Higher Education Collaboration with the Government
Authors: Sudrajat Jajat , Rangkuti Abdul Haris , Tjokrowerdojo Adrianto Wibowo , Morika Doni
Published: November 2023

This research aims to provide input to the Government in creating a National Entrepreneurship Development Policy in the Government Development Plan through the KEMENKOPUKM. The research method used in this research is the Research and Development (R&D) method through Focus Group Discussions with 59 universities that are members of APSKI. The result of this research is that APSKI encourages the Entrepreneurship Study Program to carry out entrepreneurial branding and make entrepreneurial growth one of the Main Activity Indicators. Incubators on campus are the primary means of implementing an independent learning campus so that lectures and practice can run well. The Entrepreneur Hub initiated by KEMENKOPUKM is a super application that is a forum for the growth and development of the APSKI ecosystem to encourage its members to submit data on campus-assisted entrepreneurs through the Entrepreneur Hub so that the policies prepared are more measurable and accountable. APSKI members also contribute to the entrepreneurship hub by following its entrepreneurship education function and strengthening the entrepreneurial ecosystem and business partnerships.
A Scientometric Analysis of Social Media Use in Local Government Communication
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Miftahul , Sterjo Alexander
Published: November 2023

This study aims to display the results of scientometric analysis from a database related to the use of social media in local government communication. In line with social media users increasing everywhere, the use of social media in government doesn’t stop at the central government level, but also local governments. This study used 166 documents consisting of journal articles and conference proceedings between 2013-2022. Then the data is processed by Scientometric analysis using the CiteSpace app. Based on the analysis of the Scopus Bibliometric database, it was found that research on related themes shows fluctuations in the number of studies within ten years. The highest number of studies occurred in 2021 (36 documents) and the lowest number of studies occurred in 2013 (8 documents). In addition, it was also produced that the United States (44 documents) became the most contributing country and Nurmandi, A (4 documents) became the author with the most contributions in this research with related themes. Meanwhile, the results of the Scientometric analysis using CiteSpace resulted in 9 clusters including public sector adoption, Facebook content, case study, American local government, local government use, e-government interactivity, enabling smart participation of local governments, American grass root, and multi-level functionality..
Formalization of ASGM in the Frame of Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Puluhulawa Fenty , Adelina Harun Amanda , Mamu Karlin
Published: November 2023

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM), owned by individuals, is one form of mineral mining that has been regulated by law. The dilemma in the management of ASGM lies in its dual nature, serving as both an economic potential and a source of environmental harm. This study aims to analyze the existence of ASGM and its impact on economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This juridical normative research employs a statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The study’s results revealed the existence of ASGM, which, until the present day, has generally been conducted without permits. In order to mitigate its environmental impacts while preserving it as an economic resource, ASGM needs to be formalized, enabling its activities to be monitored and the law to be enforced.
What responsibilities does the limited liability business have to the environment?
Authors: Anggriani Reni
Published: November 2023

Economic development is very dependent on the parties involved in implementing the economy. Accordingly, the state is needed as a regulator or constitution maker in a country. An effort to the economic development of the community is through business. One of the business forms chosen by the community with a legal entity is a Limited Liability Company, which is regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. In running its business, a Limited Liability Company does not only think about the benefits of a Limited Liability Company but also must pay attention to the surrounding environment. The extent to which a Limited Liability Company cares about the surrounding environment. This research was conducted normatively, using applicable laws and regulations. This research aims to determine the social responsibility of a Limited Liability Company to the surrounding environment based on laws and regulations. Social and environmental responsibility has been regulated in Chapter V Article 74 of Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning the Company, and social and environmental responsibility, as referred to in Article 2, is an obligation for the Company that carries out its business activities in the field of and/or related to natural resources based on the Law, has been affirmed in Government Regulation Number 47 of 2012, about Social and Environmental Responsibility Limited Liability Company, and Limited Liability Company will get sanctions if it violates these regulations.
Digital Technologie and Corruption Control Mechanism
Authors: Ismail Nur Syakiran Akmal , Abu Bakar Md Zawawi , Zamani Abdullah Fazrin
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, corruption is a serious issue in Malaysia and international levels. Digital technology that can detect and prevent fraud and corruption is particularly important to manage processes in public sector activities more transparently. The availability of information and the application process to support the delivery system in certain public sectors is more transparent to the public if through digital technology. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the use of digital technology in an effort to eliminate the symptoms of corruption, overcome fraud, and increase transparency in the government service delivery system for the well-being of the community. The method used is literature review analysis. The paper's results can provide information to the government about the importance of improving digital technology for more efficient control mechanisms in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should focus on efforts to streamline better regulatory affairs and standards by using additional anti-corruption technology in service delivery processes with more transparent access to the public through digital technology.
Malaysia’s Electoral System: Issues and Framework for Electoral System Reform
Authors: Jannial Jacklyn , Zain Zawiyah Mohd , Ajis Mohd Na’eim
Published: November 2023

Elections are the foundation and inevitable elements of democracy. As an inevitable element of democracy, it imposes democratic country to fix its election to be free and fair. Moreover, fair elections also enable regimes change and the implementation of good governance and may significantly advance or impede long-term democratic development. In recent years, the Malaysian government has increasingly faced negative perceptions toward the electoral system. The negative perceptions toward the Malaysian election are influenced by the performance of the Election Commission (EC). The ignorance or failure of the government to improve the credibility of every election led to the demand for reform from civil societies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to bring the election framework in line with the concept of an ideal election. Therefore, this article aims to explore the issues of electoral reform and to suggest a framework for electoral system reform in Malaysia. This research applies a qualitative method which is document analysis and interview. The result of this study found that issues on the electoral system includes all election cycle. The electoral system reform framework shows few elements on electoral cycle such as voter education, absentee voter, and empowerment of Election Commission (EC) need serious attention from the government. This research contributes in term of reform suggestion to increase the efficiency and election credibility.
Comparative Study of the Customary Institutional Structure of Ngata Toro, Central Sulawesi, and Montesquieu’s Legal Doctrine
Authors: Muja’hidah  , Syamsuddin Adiesty S. P. , Kasim Aminuddin
Published: November 2023

The Republic of Indonesia was established on a unified territory of kingdoms and the original laws bounding them. Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia became the constitutional basis for formulating Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, accommodating both Customary Villages and Villages. At the local level, the ratification of the Decree of the Sigi Regent Number 189-324 of 2018 was a form of recognition and respect by the state for the existence of indigenous people living in Ngata Toro, Sigi region. As a customary village, Ngata Toro has a unique institutional structure based on local ancestral law. This study aims to explain the institutions in Ngata Toro’s Customary Law compared to the infamous view of the Trias Politica by Baron de Montesquieu. A socio-legal method was employed by focusing on the study of legal anthropology to compare the institutional structure and functions of Ngata Toro to Monstesquieu’s doctrine. The results unveiled that institutions within Ngata Toro resembled Montesquieu’s view regarding the separation of powers. Those institutions were Topantale (the legislative), Topo Baha (the executive), and Topo Tangara (the judges/judiciary), whose jurisdiction covered the entire territory of the Ngata Toro customary land.
Challenges and Opportunities of Online Learning among Students of Central Mindanao University Philippines during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sobradil Marjorie , Galache Grace , Butalid May Alinie , Lumintao Jornie , Asoy Rhizza Mae , Pava Hermie
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how online learning is delivered and has become a serious worldwide health concern. This study sought to determine the opportunities and challenges of online learning faced by the undergraduate students of Central Mindanao University during the pandemic. To address this problem, a mixed research approach was used, combining a qualitative (narrative) and a quantitative non-experimental descriptive approach. The study found that the CMU students' opportunities for online learning are enhanced technical skills; avail learning resources from anywhere in the world, developed self-discipline, improved virtual classroom interaction, flexibility and time management, reduced educational cost, drive for self-motivation and lenient quality education were deemed to be beneficial. Online learning strengthened the students to analyze the subject matters thoroughly while responding in writing instead of discussing and freely picking and choosing from diverse learning approaches. However, its weaknesses are the critical communication gap between students and teachers, lack of focus, lack of social support, unhealthy online learning environment, lack of social support, technological constraints, and lack of time management. The challenges of online learning are slow and no internet connection, self-discipline, unhealthy online learning environment, fewer interactions with teachers and classmates, heavy workloads, dealing with subjects with laboratories, resistance to online learning, mental health, emotional and psychological anxieties, depression and financial constraints are found to be the challenges and barriers in online learning.
Enhancing Student Well-being through AI Chat GPT in the Smart Education University Learning Environment: A Preliminary Review of Research Literature
Authors: Zain Abdillah Hafizh , Partino  , Madjid Abd.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an initial exploration of enhancing student well-being through the use of AI Chat GPT in the smart education university learning environment. With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in educational settings, AI Chat GPT has emerged as a promising tool to support student well-being. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review to examine the existing research and relevant sources on the topic. Various empirical studies, journal articles, and books related to the use of AI Chat GPT in higher education are analyzed to gain insights into its potential impact on student well-being. The findings from the literature review suggest this paper provides an initial exploration of how AI Chat GPT can enhance student well-being in the smart education university learning environment through a comprehensive literature review. The findings underscore the potential benefits and considerations of integrating AI Chat GPT into educational settings. Further research and empirical studies are needed to validate and expand upon these initial findings.
Self-Regulated Learning Strategies on Academic Writing: Differences Between Genders
Authors: Murtiningsih Sri Rejeki , Laili Risqi Indah Nur
Published: November 2023

Six categories—motivation, method, timing, performance, physical environment, and social environment—are used to classify self-regulated learning (SRL) processes in academic writing. Due to the more difficult academic papers, they must write in English, university students may adopt SRL methods when generating academic writing. Students who are male or female may have various preferences when it comes to using SRL techniques in academic writing. The purpose of this study is to examine the aspect of SRL that English Language Education Department (ELED) students use the most frequently and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of male and female ELED students toward the usage of SRL tactics in academic writing. The research design for this study is a survey, and it uses a quantitative methodology. 112 ELED students from the 2019 batch participated in this study and answered the “The six dimensions of SRL in academic writing” questionnaire, which was adapted from Abadikhah, Aliyan, and Talebi (2018). The results showed that students implement all six aspects equally, with the social environment dimension having the highest mean (M=3.76, SD=.60) and the time dimension having the lowest mean (M=3.09, SD=.65). The t-test result is.439. This means that the significance level is less than 0.05 (2-tailed). Therefore, it may be inferred that attitudes concerning the use of SRL methods in academic writing are similar for both male and female students.
Assessing the economic cost of urban pollution: A case study of landfill waste in Kulonprogo, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Dyah Puji , Saptutyningsih Endah
Published: November 2023

Introduction – Rapid urbanization in developing countries dramatically increases solid waste production, negatively impacting the socio-economy and ecology. Solid waste management is essential to minimize the associated risks, especially in health and the environment. Objective – This study assesses the economic cost of pollution from the disposal of household waste at the Banyuroto landfill, Kulonprogo, Indonesia. Methodology/Approach – This study uses the sickness and reimbursement cost approach. The subjects in this study were 100 households in Banyuroto, Kulonprogo, Indonesia, selected using cluster random sampling. Findings – The results show that the landfill has a negative impact on the community’s life because it causes air pollution (unpleasant odors), water pollution, and waste-related diseases, such as diarrhea, respiratory problems, flu, cough, cold, and itchy rash. The economic cost of pollution emerging from the landfill is IDR 2,355,000 per year. Meanwhile, using the replacement cost method, the estimated cost of environmental quality degradation is IDR 12,144,000 per year. For 1,230 households, the cost is IDR 125,941,304 per year, so the average economic cost due to environmental degradation is IDR 912,104,414 per year. Originality/Value/Implications – This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the environmental and health risks from the pollution caused by landfill waste in urban areas.
Market demand of smart home under the perspective of smart city
Authors: Geng Wennan , Bi Chuanchen
Published: November 2023

China's booming economy and technological advancements have fueled the rapid growth of smart cities. This has led to more connected, efficient urban infrastructure, improving the quality of life and work for residents. Rising consumer standards have sparked interest in comfortable, healthy, safe, convenient, and efficient lifestyles, driving the widespread adoption of smart homes. As people become more accepting of intelligent products, the smart home industry is expected to see growing demand in the future. Therefore, the analysis and research of smart home market demand has important practical significance. On this basis, SWOT analysis analyzes the pros and cons of the smart home product market, PEST method analyzes the macro environment of the market, Porter's Five forces model is used to analyze the micro environment of the market, and understand the status quo and problems of the smart home market. Obtain the demand of smart home market through research and provide development suggestions for enterprises.
The Novel Strategy of Differential Evolution for Multi-Fleet Size and Vehicle Routing Problem in Logistics Service Providers
Authors: Worasan Kongkidakhon , Moonsri Karn , Saenchaiyathon Krittapha
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on determining routes for logistics service providers from distribution centers to customers with the objective of minimizing the total costs. Despite being a particular example of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), this issue is more complicated than the basic VRP, especially since each vehicle contains heterogeneous capacity. This paper presents the novel strategy of Differential Evolution (NSDE) to solve multi-fleet size and Vehicle Routing Problems in logistics service providers (MFSVRP-LSP). Our work aims to minimize distance. The validation of NSDE (i.e., DE, NSDE1, NSDE2, NSDE3, NSDE4) was conducted by the comparison of the current practice. The relative improvement (RI) between the standard DE and the NSDE1, NSDE2, NSDE3, and NSDE4 in the MFSVRP-LSP. The NSDE4 outperformed the standard DE follow by my report. Furthermore, our suggested technique can be used for similar logistics in Thailand.
Bibliometric Analysis: The Use of Blockchain Technology in Smart City Mapping Concept
Authors: Difa Fredyan Davice Muchamad
Published: November 2023

Research on the adoption of blockchain technology in supporting the application of the smart city idea is extensively carried out to keep up with the development and difficulty of more intricate city management. This study aims to review research trends in the use of blockchain technology in the concept of Smart City mapping through research published on the Scopus database in 2016 - 2022. Three hundred forty-two (342) documents taken from Scopus with the keywords “smart city” and “blockchain technology” for 2016 to 2022 were analyzed using a bibliometric approach. Articles were analyzed based on the number of publications per year, country, author, affiliation, source, and funding. CiteSpace analyzed connectivity trends between keywords, authors, and countries. The results showed that Sustainable Smart Cities, Energy Trading, and On-demand Protocol dominated ten (10) clusters. Broadly speaking, it also discusses sustainable smart cities and energy trading using blockchain technology. The most dominant authors in this study trend are Jabalbarezisarbijan. Meanwhile, analysis of the Scopus database revealed three dominating countries, namely India (72), China (63), and the United States (47). At the same time, the institution, according to the most dominating institutional publication trend, is Brandon University. Then, blockchain technology substantially impacts the advancement of infrastructure within the domains of smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, electric vehicles, and renewable energy. This current study proposed the trajectory of advancement for the use of blockchain technology in smart city governance, thereby illuminating the future of the smart city concept.
Progress in the Preparation Process and Application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composites
Authors: Wang Zhicheng
Published: November 2023

Due to their outstanding overall performances, carbon fiber/poly(ether-ether-ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have attracted a lot of interest recently. High-performance CF/PEEK composites have many advantages such as high strength, good toughness, and high service temperature, which have been widely used in various high-precision fields. This paper reviews the research progress of the CF/PEEK composite molding process and its applications in view of the research hotspots in recent years, laying the foundation for the research on the preparation technology and industrial application of the material. CF/PEEK molding process mainly includes injection molding, press molding, filament winding, 3D Printing, and automated fiber placement (AFP). Different processing methods and material ratios result in CF/PEEK materials with different mechanical properties. Since CF/PEEK has its own unique advantages over traditional metal materials in terms of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and density, CF/PEEK materials can be used to replace metal materials in many applications, such as aviation and aerospace, biomedical field and automotive part.
Applications of Graphene: Supercapacitors and Gas Sensors
Authors: Li Sheng
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the unique physical and chemical properties and structures of graphene. It delves into the exceptional electronic and mechanical properties of graphene that make it a promising material for various applications. The paper particularly focuses on the use of graphene in supercapacitors and sensing techniques, specifically gas sensors. In the realm of energy storage, the paper elucidates how the high surface area and excellent conductivity of graphene contribute to the superior performance of graphene-based supercapacitors. It further explores the mechanism of charge storage in these devices, highlighting the role of pore sizes in graphene sheets on capacitance. In the context of gas sensors, the paper discusses how the sensitivity of graphene's electronic properties to its surrounding environment enables its use in detecting different gases. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and future prospects in harnessing the potential of graphene in these applications.
Application of CO2 Geological Storage Technology in Global Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Authors: Xie Yuhang
Published: November 2023

Greenhouse gas emission has serious impacts on human societies, ecosystems and economies as a result of global climate change. In response to this challenge, the global community has set greenhouse gas reduction targets aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In terms of emission reduction technology, CO2 geological storage technology is considered to be an important and potential solution. The wide application of CO2 geological storage technology can help achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets and slow down the greenhouse effect of the earth. The research will explore the role of CO2 geological storage technologies for global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Through extensive collection of relevant information on CO2 geological storage technology around the world, comprehensive research and analysis of the principle, application cases, limiting challenges and environmental impact of this technology, to evaluate the prospects and prospects of CO2 geological storage technology in achieving global emission reduction goals challenge. The study found that the geological storage of CO2 can promote the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and its long-term effect will be more obvious, and the advantages will be more obvious with the improvement of technology and the cooperation between international governments.
Detection, Treatment and Remediation for Organochlorines
Authors: Liu Junyuan
Published: November 2023

Organochlorine pollutants are a class of compounds formed by combining chlorine atoms with carbon atoms, and common organochlorine pollutants include chloroform and hexachlorocyclohexane. These compounds are persistent and difficult to degrade, so they exist in the environment for a long time. Organochlorine pollutants pose serious hazards to both humans and the environment. As a result, reducing the release of organochlorine pollutants and strengthening monitoring are important measures to protect the environment and human health. Treatment methods for organochlorine pollutants include physical methods such as adsorption and membrane separation, chemical methods such as oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis, and biological treatment methods such as microbial degradation and biosorption. Treatment of organochlorine pollution has great benefits. Treatment of organochlorine pollution can reduce the harm caused by these pollutants to the environment, improve the quality of water and air, and reduce the hazards of human health. This paper will first discuss what organochlorines are, the types of organochlorines, and the hazards of organochlorines, then discuss how to detect organochlorine residues in water, soil, and air, and finally propose specific methods for dealing with organochlorines and remediation programs for organochlorine pollution in water and soil.
A mean-field description for the expansion kinetics of activated T cell populations
Authors: Straube Ronny , Schmidt Brian J.
Published: November 2023

When lymphocytes encounter their cognate antigen, they become activated and undergo a limited number of cell divisions during which they differentiate into memory or effector cells or die. While the dynamics of individual cells are often heterogeneous, the expansion kinetics at the population level are highly reproducible, suggesting a mean-field description. To generate a finite division destiny, we consider two scenarios: Cells stop dividing after a certain number of iterations or their death rate increases with each cell division. The dynamics of the combined system can be mapped to a partial differential equation, and for a suitable choice of the activation rate, we obtain simple analytical solutions for the total cell number and the mean number of divisions per cell which can well describe the signal-dependent T cell expansion kinetics from in vitro experiments. Interestingly, only the division cessation mechanism yields an expression for the division destiny that does not contradict experiments. We show that the generation-dependent decrease of the division rate in individual cells leads to a time-dependent decrease at the population level which is consistent with a “time-to-die” control mechanism for the division destiny as suggested previously. We also derive mean-field equations for the total cell number which provide a basis for implementing T cell expansion kinetics into quantitative systems pharmacology models for immuno-oncology and CAR-T cell therapies.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Finta V
Published: November 2023

Main text

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 6.2 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Statistics for quantifying aging in time transfer system delays
Authors: Parker T E , Brown R C , Sherman J A
Published: November 2023

Residual time delays in time transfer systems such as two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT), or GPS carrier phase (GPSCP) change over time. A double difference such as TWSTFT—GPSCP provides information on the changes in the relative time delays of the two systems. These changes are referred to as aging or time dispersion. A first difference statistic, RMS time interval error, TIERMS, provides the RMS time dispersion. The time deviation statistic (TDEV) or a variation on the Allan deviation (ADEV), referred to here as ADEVS, provide information on the nature of the random fluctuations in aging. This paper describes analytical and Monte Carlo techniques used to estimate the aging (time dispersion) from TDEV or ADEVS statistics, and finds that the aging can be more than a factor of four larger than TDEV or ADEVS. The use of ADEVS is recommended over TDEV since it is sensitive to time drift.
Samples in many cell-based experiments are matched/paired but taking this into account does not always increase power of statistical tests for differences in means
Authors: Zweifach Adam
Published: November 2023

Power of statistical tests for differences in means is the probability of obtaining a statistically significant p value when means differ. When samples in experimental replicates come from a single cell culture, they are matched or paired because they share between-trials biological variability. This can cause positive correlation between values from conditions in a replicate. Correlation can also be caused in otherwise independent samples by shared technical variability. However, correlation is reduced by noise that affects samples individually. I investigated how to maximize power in experiments with two conditions over a range of correlations. Normalizing data to control increases the rate of false positives, if Student’s t test is used. Paired t tests, theoretically the correct test for matched samples, have higher power than Student’s t test when correlation is high, but lower power when correlation is low. Testing correlation to select a test for differences in mean can affect the subsequent rate of false positives. Ultimately, components of experimental variability must be considered to choose the most powerful two sample test for differences in mean. This contrasts with experiments with more than two conditions, where random-block ANOVA, a matched samples test, can be used as a default.
Signaling pathways regulating the extracellular digestion of lipoprotein aggregates by macrophages
Authors: Steinfeld Noah , Ma Cheng-I J. , Maxfield Frederick R.
Published: November 2023

The interaction between aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL) and macrophages in arteries plays a major role in atherosclerosis. Macrophages digest agLDL and generate free cholesterol in an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment known as the lysosomal synapse. Macrophages form a tight seal around agLDL through actin polymerization and deliver lysosomal contents into this space in a process termed digestive exophagy. Our laboratory has identified TLR4 activation of MyD88/Syk as critical for digestive exophagy. Here we use pharmacological agents and siRNA knockdown to characterize signaling pathways downstream of Syk that are involved in digestive exophagy. Syk activates Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). We show that PLCγ2 and to a lesser extent BTK regulate digestive exophagy. PLCγ2 cleaves PI(4,5)P2 into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Soluble IP3 activates release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We demonstrate that Ca2+ release from the ER is upregulated by agLDL and plays a key role in digestive exophagy. Both DAG and Ca2+ activate protein kinase Cα (PKCα). We find that PKCα is an important regulator of digestive exophagy. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of digestive exophagy, which could be useful in developing therapeutic interventions to slow development of atherosclerosis.
Older widows and couples in contemporary society
Authors: Freer Charles
Published: November 2023

Current trends in ageing mean that the advantageous lifespan of women will lead to even greater numbers of widows in the older population. Indeed, it could be argued that the most important current feminist issue is the status and role of widows in contemporary society. At the same time overall improvements in health, fitness, and survival rates will lead to greater numbers of couples growing older together.
Pre-retirement education and the role of the GP
Authors: Coleman Allin
Published: November 2023

The idea that it might be a good thing for people to come together in an educational environment to prepare for retirement has gained ground steadily in this country since the 1950s. The earliest recorded pre-retirement course took place in the United States in 1949, while in Britain the National Old People’s Welfare Council (now Age Concern) set up a Preparation for Retirement Study Group in 1955, and ran an experimental weekend residential course in 1958.
‘Everyone wants to go to heaven, but no one wants to die.’ Screening women over 75—a health promotion approach
Authors: Tilston Jane , Williams Jude
Published: November 2023

The title of this chapter is a quotation from an interview with an elderly woman in which she expressed her views about cancer screening. Being offered screening would have meant having to cope with the possibility of facing up to cancer. Her dilemma was the right to knowledge and control over her body, and the fear of the worst and how this would have affected her. The dilemma was complicated by her feelings that older women were often excluded from preventive health care, and that there was little support available to help women cope with the illness and disability they experienced.
Provisional or differential diagnosis
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

It is important that this is written down as only by formally comparing the final diagnosis reached after X-rays or other investigations with this provisional diagnosis will clinical diagnostic skills improve. Following an ankle injury the provisional diagnosis could read:
Road traffic accidents and falls
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

‘RTA’ as the only history appearing on the A& E record is inadequate. Injuries are caused by forces acting on the human body and it is important to estimate the size and direction of those forces and to know what restraining methods were used (e.g. seat belts, air bags). Estimates of speed may be inaccurate but an assessment of the damage to the vehicle (e.g. the amount of intrusion of the doors or roof and the integrity of the frame) will give a good indication of the forces involved and provide valuable clues to the types of injury to be expected.
Inherited Disorders of the Kidney
Authors: Morgan Stephen H , Grunfeld Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2023

Inherited disorders of the kidney are becoming important, not only in pediatric nephrological practice, but also in adult nephrology, representing a high proportion of patients with end-stage renal failure. In almost 50% of all children and in 15% of adults accepted for renal replacement therapy, the causative disorders have a hereditary basis. Many of these disorders are apparent at birth but may not cause renal failure until adolescence. Others may not present until adult life. The contribution of these disorders to adult nephrological practice has so far been understated in most of the existing textbooks. This book presents a practical approach to the investigation and management of patients with inherited renal disorders. The book is aimed at both established pediatric and adult nephrologists, as well as nephrologists in training, and will also be of interest to pediatricians, geneticists, and research workers in this field.
Genetic counselling
Authors: Patton Michael H
Published: November 2023

Medical genetics is a relatively new discipline and one which has expanded extremely rapidly over the last decade. The initial development of knowledge was slow. In 1865, George Mendel developed the basic laws of Mendelian inheritance, but his work remained in obscurity until it was ‘rediscovered’ and presented to the scientific world. In 1901, Sir Archibald Garrod described the condition alkaptonuria (homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency) and coined the term ‘inborn error of metabolism’ to describe conditions that were both inherited and biochemical in their aetiology. In 1903, Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri independently recognized the threadlike structures in the nucleus were connected with the transmission of inherited characteristics, and used the term ‘chromosomes’ to describe them.
Genetic aspects of primary glomerular diseases and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
Authors: Levy Micheline , Lesavre Philippe
Published: November 2023

In the past, it was generally assumed that haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and primary glomerular diseases were randomly distributed in the population and, in most large series, there was no mention of affected relatives.Although systematic examination of patients’ relatives remains an uncommon approach in nephrology, a few authors pointed out occasional families having two (or more) affected relatives. Such an investigation in a series of 860 patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis identified, besides families with Alport’s syndrome, a relatively small number of patients with affected relatives (six with IgA nephropathy and one with nephrotic syndrome with focal glomer ular sclerosis) (Rambausek et al. 1987).
The primary hyperoxalurias
Authors: Morgan Stephen H
Published: November 2023

Although oxalate has a biological role in plants and fungi-providing a protective calcium oxalate exoskeleton-no useful function has been defined in man. Nonetheless, a normal adult will excrete up to 0.Smmol/24h of oxalate in the urine derived from diet and the endogenous metabolism of glyoxylate and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (Fig. 22.1). An excess biological load of oxalate is potentially harmful as the calcium salt is very insoluble at physiological pHs (Hodgkin son 1977).
Diagnostic imaging of renal cystic diseases
Authors: King Bernard F , Matsumoto Jane S
Published: November 2023

Renal cysts are the end result of many disorders. Diagnostic imaging findings do allow for a method of classification that correlates well with the various pathological entities and provides a practical approach to the evaluation of cystic diseases (Zerres et al. 1984; Bernstein 1990; Torres 1990).
Kidney Failure The Facts
Authors: Cameron Stewart
Published: November 2023

Almost one million people around the world suffer from kidney disease and owe their lives to dialysis or transplantation. Over the past 20 years their prospects for treatment and survival have dramatically improved thanks to medical advances. This book has been written with these patients and their families in mind. After explaining the causes and symptoms of kidney failure, the various treatment options are considered, in particular dialysis and transplantations. Throughout, the book aims to help patients understand how this disease and its treatment will affect their lives, and provides information covering every practical aspect of the disease.
Treatments of kidney failure: peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Cameron Stewart
Published: November 2023

This chapter considers the treatment of kidney failure by peritoneal di,ilysis (PD). Because it is a dialysis treatment, it holds you in a state of mild kidney failure, rather than curing it. Peritoneal dialysis has much in common with haemodialysis. The basis of dialysis and uraemia in general have already been discussed; please refer to Chapter 5 about chronic kidney failure, and Chapter 6 on haemodialysis.
Teamwork and the organization of services
Authors: Dickenson Donna , Fulford Bill (Kwm)
Published: November 2023

Issues of teamwork, although not separated out as such, have been woven through many of the ethical dilemmas raised in earlier chapters. The different models of disorder represented by different members of multidisciplinary teams were important in coming to a balance between moral and medical conceptions of mental disorder in Chapter 3; in Chapter 4, the different value perspectives of team members as well as of users and carers were crucial to diagnosis; these perspectives were important, too, in the discussion of aetiology in Chapter 5, in coming to an understanding of the meanings (as well as to explanations of the causes) of mental disorder; the skills base of the multi disciplinary team was important to treatment in Chapter 6 generally, but also to the management of involuntary treatment discussed in Chapter 2; and shared decision making was essential to the problems of risk management dis cussed in Chapter 7.
Genetic and hormonal factors influencing growth and maturation
Authors: Sinclair David , Dangerfield Peter
Published: November 2023

Although the growth of the individual is the result of a complex interaction of many different factors, which include genetic and environmental influences, it is clear that the genetic component of the individual and what they inherit from their parents is a powerful factor in how they progress through life (Fig. 7.1). For example, the best way of growing tall and heavy is to have tall and heavy parents, while studies of twins have shown that body shape and size, deposition of fat, and patterns of growth, are all more nearly related to a genetic influence rather than to external factors.
Disturbances of growth
Authors: Sinclair David , Dangerfield Peter
Published: November 2023

There are many different conditions which are associated with short stature. While some of these conditions are rarities, others are fairly common and important and demand medical attention These can include chronic disease of the kidneys or deficiencies in the capacity of the gut to absorb certain foodstuffs, a group called malabsorption diseases. Short stature is usually defined as a height below the third centile line for age on the Tanner Whitehouse chart.
The kidney in tropical infections
Authors: Barsoum Rashad S
Published: November 2023

The ‘tropical zone ‘ is classically defined as that lying within 10° on either side of the Equator. However, the term is conventionally applied to a wider range extending from the Cancer to the Capricorn orbits, thereby including the whole of South-east Asia and Central America, most of Africa, Arabia, India, and significant parts of Australia, South America, and .Mexico (Fig. 11.1).