bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuição à recaracterização de Phyllocaulis soleiformis (D'orbigny, 1835): (Dastropoda, Veronicellidae)
Authors: Bertschinger Rejane Beatriz E. , Thomé José Willibaldo
Published: August 2009

Os, caracteres morfo-anatômicos do sistema genital e glândula pediosa de Phyllocaulis soleiformis são redescritos após exame de 30 espécimes provenientes de Porto Alegre e arredores. Dados biométricos, média e intervalo de cada caráter são também incluídos. Após análise estatística, propõem-se índices de proporção dos característicos descritivos válidos para a espécie.
Simple answers to usual questions about unusual forms of the Evans' root locus plot
Authors: Monteiro L.H.A. , Da Cruz J.J.
Published: August 2009

After a first contact with Evans' root locus plots, in an introductory course about classical control theory, students usually pose questions for which the answers are not trivially found in the usual textbooks. Examples of such questions are: Can a branch intersect itself? Can two or more branches be coincident? Can a branch intersect its asymptote? In this paper devoted to helping teaching, numerical examples and an incremental property are used for answering some questions about unusual forms of root loci related to closed-loop control systems. In some cases, answering to these questions can be fundamental for making a correct sketch of a root locus.
Avaliação dos custos em pomares de pessegueiro conduzidos nos sistemas integrado e convencional, nos municípios de Araucária e Lapa, Paraná
Authors: Junior Joel Ferreira Penteado , May De Mio Louise Larissa , Rodigheri Honorino Roque
Published: August 2009

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o cálculo e a análise de custos nos sistemas de produção integrada (PI) e convencional (PC) de pêssego, em dois estabelecimentos agrícolas localizados nos municípios de Araucária e Lapa, Paraná. Foram apropriados os custos de produção baseados nas atividades. Os coeficientes técnicos e os indicadores foram empregados por hectare e por ano, sendo relativos à utilização de insumos ao longo de três anos, contemplando: quantidade dos direcionadores de custo, custo unitário da atividade, percentual de participação dos coeficientes na atividade e os gastos de cada componente dos custos, divididos esses em grandes grupos como: serviços, insumos, outros insumos e administrativos. Os custos totais por hectare nos pomares da PI, nos três anos, foram 5,86 e 5,05% inferiores ao custo da PC, respectivamente para Araucária e Lapa, PR. Os itens mais representativos na composição dos custos foram os gastos com mão-de-obra e agrotóxicos.
Isolamento de Salmonella Braenderup em arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)
Authors: Allgayer Mariangela Costa , Oliveira Sérgio José de , Mottin Vanessa Daniele , Loiko Márcia Regina , Abilleira Fernanda , Guedes Neiva Maria Robaldo , Passos Daniel Thompsen , Weimer Tania de Azevedo
Published: August 2009

O monitoramento sanitário de populações de arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) de vida livre visa a permitir ajustes de manejo em ambiente natural alterado. Para avaliar a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em filhotes dessa espécie, foram coletados swabs de cloaca no Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Uma colônia morfológica e bioquimicamente compatível com Salmonella spp. foi isolada e sorotipada como Salmonella Braenderup. Devido ao alto potencial zoonótico desse microrganismo, é importante o controle sanitário de psitacídeos em vida livre. Na literatura pesquisada não foi encontrado relato sobre o isolamento dessa bactéria em arara-azul, tanto em vida livre, como em cativeiro.
Violência de gênero no campo da Saúde Coletiva: conquistas e desafios
Authors: Schraiber Lilia Blima , d' Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas , Portella Ana Paula , Menicucci Eleonora
Published: August 2009

Este texto trata da violência contra mulheres (VCM) como objeto científico e prático da Saúde. É uma reflexão teórica crítica concernente a processos históricos que permitem ver tanto as convergências como os afastamentos entre a tomada dessa violência como questão e particularidades do campo da Saúde, produzindo conquistas e desafios atuais em especial para a Saúde Coletiva. O texto debate aspectos interdisciplinares desse objeto científico e suas implicações para a produção do conhecimento e para as ações em saúde. Considerando as distintas culturas científicas e práticas da Saúde e outros campos que já lidam com VCM, mostram-se tensões existentes entre a perspectiva da violência como questão da saúde e como fenômeno sociocultural, ampliadas com o acréscimo da abordagem de gênero. Produzem-se então desafios de diálogo entre esses campos em termos de paradigmas, modelos científicos e linguagens de cada qual; as necessidades de intervenção social em cada campo; e a relação distinta que cada um possui entre conhecimentos e intervenção social. De outro lado, mostram-se como convergências entre esses campos as conquistas relativas aos direitos humanos e sociais e a proposta de saúde integral. Conclui-se com algumas possíveis respostas aos desafios.
Trafficking in persons: a health concern?
Authors: Zimmerman Cathy , Kiss Ligia , Hossain Mazeda , Watts Charlotte
Published: August 2009

Human trafficking is a phenomenon that has now been documented in most regions in the world. Although trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation is the most commonly recognised form of trafficking, it is widely acknowledged that human trafficking also involves men, women and children who are trafficked for various forms of labour exploitation and into other abusive circumstances. Despite the violence and harm inherent in most trafficking situations, there remains extremely little evidence on the individual and public health implications of any form of human trafficking. The Brazilian government has recently launched a national plan to combat human trafficking. However, because the health risks associated with human trafficking have not been well-recognised or documented, there is extremely limited reliable data on the health needs of trafficked persons to inform policy and practices.. Brazilian policy-makers and service providers should be encouraged to learn about the likely range of health impacts of trafficking, and incorporate this into anti-trafficking protection and response strategies. As well as prevention activities, the government, international and local organisations should work together with the public health research community to study the health needs of trafficked persons and explore opportunities to provide safe and appropriate services to victims in need of care.
Desafios da contracepção juvenil: interseções entre gênero, sexualidade e saúde
Authors: Brandão Elaine Reis
Published: August 2009

Este artigo aborda, sob uma perspectiva socioantropológica, os desafios postos aos jovens na gestão da vida afetivo-sexual, no que tange à prevenção de gravidez imprevista. Discute algumas dificuldades por eles encontradas no manejo da contracepção, no decorrer de suas trajetórias afetivo-sexuais, identificando situações propensas à não-utilização de métodos anticonceptivos (MAC). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, cujo material empírico agrupa 73 entrevistas em profundidade, com jovens de ambos os sexos, de 18 a 24 anos de idade, provenientes de três capitais do país (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Porto Alegre) e de dois segmentos sociais (popular e médio), que passaram por ao menos um episódio de gravidez na adolescência. A análise temática dos dados reúne elementos afins e recorrentes nas narrativas juvenis, além dos contrastes de gênero e classe social. Os resultados relativos às dificuldades dos jovens de usar continuamente os MAC foram agrupados em eixos temáticos: contexto do relacionamento; relação com a família no que tange à sexualidade; efeitos colaterais dos métodos hormonais; descuido com a contracepção; dificuldades dos serviços de saúde; “falha” dos MAC; forte concepção da paternidade nos segmentos populares; uso de preservativo com parceiras “desconhecidas”; uso de coito interrompido, sem conhecimento do ciclo menstrual da parceira.
Um novo olhar bioético sobre as pesquisas odontológicas brasileiras
Authors: Finkler Mirelle , Calvo Maria Cristina , Caetano João Carlos , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza
Published: August 2009

Buscando contribuir com o debate sobre a mudança na formação profissional em saúde, este trabalho discute algumas questões relacionadas às pesquisas brasileiras em odontologia, tendo a bioética como referencial teórico para analisar a adequação desta produção ao contexto social. A partir de uma pesquisa em bancos de dados sobre os periódicos e de classificações baseadas nas temáticas predominantes e no instrumento de avaliação da CAPES (Qualis), constatou-se que a grande maioria dos periódicos está voltada à publicação de pesquisas sobre técnicas e materiais odontológicos de pequeno alcance social. Tal resultado reflete o direcionamento dado ao conhecimento científico da área, não ao encontro das necessidades nacionais e regionais que deveriam ser prioritárias, sob o ponto de vista bioético, mas ao enfoque do mercado. O pouco espaço disponível nestes periódicos para a publicação de pesquisas relacionadas à odontologia social e preventiva e áreas afins convida-nos a uma reflexão sobre a produção científica que se faz necessária, ou seja, aquela capaz de propiciar uma formação profissional ética e socialmente comprometida.
Pharmaceutical services evaluation in Brazil: broadening the results of a WHO methodology
Authors: Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins , Luiza Vera Lucia , Pepe Vera Lucia Edais
Published: August 2009

The objective of this paper is to explore and analyze the results of the Diagnosis of the Pharmaceutical Situation in Brazil (DiagAF-Br) from a regional perspective. The study made use of an exploratory approach of multiple cases based on the DiagAF-Br data collected in five Brazilian states. A descriptive analysis of selected indicators was performed in each of the Brazilian states in three pharmaceutical dimensions: access, quality, and rational use of medicines. The mainly results concerning the “percentage of completed prescriptions” varied from 1.1% in the State of Goiás to 98.6% in Espírito Santo; the “percentage of patients who know how to take their medicines” varied from 60.4% in Sergipe to 93.3% in Rio Grande do Sul. Educational level showed to be an important predictor of knowledge on how to use medicines, especially relevant when prescription is completed. The “average number of prescribed medicines”, approximately 2.1, did not show any difference between the visited sites. Different levels of management capacity and services organization were identified, suggesting the need for more adequate strategies to improve access, quality and mainly rational use of medicines in Brazil.
Um agir micropolítico e pedagógico intenso: a humanização entre laços e perspectivas
Authors: Ceccim Ricardo Burg , Merhy Emerson Elias
Published: August 2009

Este artigo aborda os desafios de uma estratégia brasileira no sistema de saúde para melhorar a qualidade da sua resposta assistencial e gerencial, a Política Nacional de Humanização. Independentemente de análise política, conceitual ou de resultados, discute a humanização do corpo na saúde por meio do confronto com suas reificações na clínica, tal como presentes na soberania dos sistemas profissionais sobre as práticas, na disciplinarização que legitima as condutas do tipo diagnóstico-prescrição ou na disseminação de mecanismos que, em nome da longevidade dos indivíduos, estancam a produção de singularidade da vida. As noções de "corpo de órgãos", "corpo ex-órgãos" e "corpo sem órgãos" foram usadas para problematizar a clínica (atenção) e a noção de laços e perspectivas, para discutir a transformação de realidades (gestão). A educação e a participação são tematizadas como indissociáveis da atenção e gestão.
Desafios da humanização no contexto do cuidado da enfermagem pediátrica de média e alta complexidade
Authors: Alves Camila Aloísio , Deslandes Suely Ferreira , Mitre Rosa Maria de Araújo
Published: August 2009

O presente artigo analisa as situações e contextos que propiciam ou dificultam as relações de acolhimento e autonomia, compreendendo os momentos e contextos em que o protagonismo e a corresponsabilidade são expressos na relação entre enfermagem, usuários e seus acompanhantes. Utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa, por meio da perspectiva etnográfica e um período de observação de três meses. O local de estudo foi a enfermaria de Pediatria de um instituto de referência no cuidado da Saúde da Mulher, Criança e Adolescente, e os sujeitos foram equipe de enfermagem, usuários e acompanhantes. Os resultados apontam que o acolhimento foi o princípio mais observado, mostrando-se como elemento central da discussão. Os níveis de autonomia, protagonismo e corresponsabilidade relacionaram-se ao tempo de internação, permitindo estabelecer relações com os profissionais e adquirir conhecimentos sobre a assistência. Conclui-se que existem lacunas na compreensão de um projeto de humanização para o serviço, contemplando gestão e cuidado.
Humanização na atenção a nascimentos e partos: breve referencial teórico
Authors: Rattner Daphne
Published: August 2009

Apesar da ampliação da cobertura da atenção pré-natal e hospitalização do parto, houve estabilização no coeficiente de mortalidade materna em valores relativamente altos, atribuída aqui à qualidade inadequada da atenção. Um dos componentes do processo de assistência é a relação interpessoal, à qual tem sido associado o conceito de humanização. Identifica-se um forte movimento internacional que aborda a humanização da atenção a nascimentos e partos como uma resposta à mecanização na organização do trabalho profissional e à violência institucional, com crescente produção teórica. Todavia, o termo é polissêmico e faz-se necessário, ao deparar-se com a expressão, identificar que perspectiva está sendo adotada e qual o sentido que lhe é conferido.
A fraternidade em questão: um olhar psicossociológico sobre o cuidado e a "humanização" das práticas de saúde
Authors: Sá Marilene de Castilho
Published: August 2009

O presente artigo se propõe a discutir alguns desafios para a produção do cuidado em saúde, considerando os processos intersubjetivos e inconscientes que o condicionam. A abordagem metodológica de análise se apóia em categorias teóricas da Psicossociologia francesa, da teoria psicanalítica sobre os processos intersubjetivos/grupais e da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os padrões de sociabilidade e os modos de subjetivação dominantes na sociedade impõem sérias limitações ao trabalho em saúde, que se somam às de ordem material, tecnológica ou organizacional, mais facilmente reconhecidas. A dimensão intersubjetiva/inconsciente do trabalho em saúde produz efeitos sobre a qualidade da assistência. A especificidade do trabalho em saúde e suas exigências de trabalho psíquico são discutidas, examinando-se suas consequências para a qualidade do cuidado. Algumas possibilidades de análise e abordagem da dimensão intersubjetiva/inconsciente do trabalho em saúde são apresentadas e podem contribuir para um novo modo de produzir a gestão do cuidado em saúde.
A New Compositional Model for Hydraulic Fracturing With Energized Fluids
Authors: Friehauf Kyle , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: August 2009

Traditional fracturing models regard fracturing fluids as a single-component, single-phase fluid. This assumption is clearly incorrect for energized fluids where phase changes and mass transfer between phases play important roles in controlling fluid rheology, leakoff, and fracture geometry. A model is developed to simulate hydraulic fracturing with energized fluids. Compositional balances allow tracking of the changes in phase behavior and fluid properties, such as rheology and multiphase leakoff. An energy balance is implemented in order to consider temperature changes during fracturing. Phase behavior has been taken into account through an equation-of-state (EOS) formulation. These compositional- and phase-behavior effects are coupled with a geomechanical model for fracture propagation.

It is shown that phase behavior and leakoff can change the composition and fluid rheology in the fracture significantly. This has a dramatic effect on the fracture geometry. Phase-behavior changes are coupled closely to the temperature and pressure changes in the fracture. The temperature, phase behavior, and partitioning of components in the liquid and gas phases have a significant effect on fracture dimensions. For example, shorter and wider fractures can be obtained by foaming an energized fluid. With the model presented, these temperature, pressure, and composition changes can now be modeled accurately and incorporated into the fracture growth and geometry.
Instructional Uses of Podcasting in Online Learning Environments: A Cooperative Inquiry Study
Authors: Brown Abbie , Brown Carol , Fine Bethann , Luterbach Kenneth , Sugar William , Vinciguerra David C.
Published: August 2009

A report on the results of a year-long cooperative inquiry study in which 11 faculty members at a southeastern university examined their various uses of podcasting for instruction. Through participation in the study, members developed insights into what technologies are most commonly applied to the task of podcast production and dissemination as well as instructional purposes and tasks commonly addressed when using podcasting as a teaching strategy. The benefits of using podcasting instead of traditional text-based media were explored. The group discovered the faculty members involved were making use of 4 distinct podcasting technologies to apply 8 discrete instructional strategies.
A Later Prehistoric Enclosure Complex at Longnewton, Near Ancrum, Borders
Authors: Dunbar Lindsay J.
Published: August 2009

The Longnewton enclosures, first recorded as cropmarks in 1978, were recently investigated by AOC Archaeology. A hypothetical sequence of four possible periods of enclosure has been identified and tentatively phased as following square, rectilinear and roughly circular plans with a final curvilinear annexe. Radiocarbon dating evidence indicates that these ditches were in use between the 2ndcentury BC and the later 1stcentury AD. No internal features were encountered and the finds consisted solely of animal bones and a single sherd of late 1stcentury AD Samian Ware. The results from the limited excavation of the interior suggest that the enclosures primarily performed a pastoral function, perhaps the corralling and/or processing of cattle or sheep. Other similar sites in the area have benefitted from more extensive excavations and provide useful comparanda for further speculation on the function of these enclosures.
Theoretical Investigation of the NO3 Radical Addition to Double Bonds of Limonene
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Wei , Xu Yi-Sheng
Published: August 2009

The addition reactions of NO3 to limonene have been investigated using ab initio methods. Six different possibilities for NO3 addition to the double bonds, which correspond to the two C–C double bonds (endocyclic or exocyclic) have been considered. The negative activation energies for the addition of NO3 to limonene are calculated and the energies of NO3-limonene radical adducts are found to be 14.55 to 20.17 kcal mol-1 more stable than the separated NO3 and limonene at the CCSD(T)/6-31G(d) + CF level. The results also indicate that the endocyclic addition reaction is more energetically favorable than the exocyclic one.
The Improvement of Hypertension by Probiotics: Effects on Cholesterol, Diabetes, Renin, and Phytoestrogens
Authors: Lye Huey-Shi , Kuan Chiu-Yin , Ewe Joo-Ann , Fung Wai-Yee , Liong Min-Tze
Published: August 2009

Probiotics are live organisms that are primarily used to improve gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, lactose intolerance, and to inhibit the excessive proliferation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria. However, recent studies have suggested that probiotics could have beneficial effects beyond gastrointestinal health, as they were found to improve certain metabolic disorders such as hypertension. Hypertension is caused by various factors and the predominant causes include an increase in cholesterol levels, incidence of diabetes, inconsistent modulation of renin and imbalanced sexual hormones. This review discusses the antihypertensive roles of probiotics via the improvement and/or treatment of lipid profiles, modulation of insulin resistance and sensitivity, the modulation of renin levels and also the conversion of bioactive phytoestrogens as an alternative replacement of sexual hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Advances for the Topographic Characterisation of SMC Materials
Authors: Calvimontes Alfredo , Grundke Karina , Müller Anett , Stamm Manfred
Published: August 2009

For a comprehensive study of Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) surfaces, topographical data obtained by a contact-free optical method (chromatic aberration confocal imaging) were systematically acquired to characterise these surfaces with regard to their statistical, functional and volumetrical properties. Optimal sampling conditions (cut-off length and resolution) were obtained by a topographical-statistical procedure proposed in the present work. By using different length scales specific morphologies due to the influence of moulding conditions, metallic mould topography, glass fibre content and glass fibre orientation can be characterized. The aim of this study is to suggest a systematic topographical characterization procedure for composite materials in order to study and recognize the influence of production conditions on their surface quality.
Dendritic Cells as Danger-Recognizing Biosensors
Authors: Gi Mia , Im Wooseok , Hong Seokmann
Published: August 2009

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that are characterized by a potent capacity to initiate immune responses. DCs comprise several subsets with distinct phenotypes. After sensing any danger(s) to the host via their innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors, DCs become mature and subsequently present antigens to CD4+ T cells. Since DCs possess the intrinsic capacity to polarize CD4+ helper cells, it is critical to understand the immunological roles of DCs for clinical applications. Here, we review the different DC subsets, their danger-sensing receptors and immunological functions. Furthermore, the cytokine reporter mouse model for studying DC activation is introduced.
A Geometric Modelling Approach to Determining the Best Sensing Coverage for 3-Dimensional Acoustic Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pashazadeh Saeid , Sharifi Mohsen
Published: August 2009

Existing 3-dimensional acoustic target tracking methods that use wired/wireless networked sensor nodes to track targets based on four sensing coverage do not always compute the feasible spatio-temporal information of target objects. To investigate this discrepancy in a formal setting, we propose a geometric model of the target tracking problem alongside its equivalent geometric dual model that is easier to solve. We then study and prove some properties of dual model by exploiting its relationship with algebra. Based on these properties, we propose a four coverage axis line method based on four sensing coverage and prove that four sensing coverage always yields two dual correct answers; usually one of them is infeasible. By showing that the feasible answer can be only sometimes identified by using a simple time test method such as the one proposed by ourselves, we prove that four sensing coverage fails to always yield the feasible spatiotemporal information of a target object. We further prove that five sensing coverage always gives the feasible position of a target object under certain conditions that are discussed in this paper. We propose three extensions to four coverage axis line method, namely, five coverage extent point method, five coverage extended axis lines method, and five coverage redundant axis lines method. Computation and time complexities of all four proposed methods are equal in the worst cases as well as on average being equal to Θ(1) each. Proposed methods and proved facts about capabilities of sensing coverage degree in this paper can be used in all other methods of acoustic target tracking like Bayesian filtering methods.
An experimental demonstration of the cost of sex and a potential resource limitation on reproduction in the mossPterygoneurum(Pottiaceae)
Authors: Stark Lloyd R. , Brinda John C. , McLetchie D. Nicholas
Published: August 2009

The cost of sexual reproduction is incurred when the current reproductive episode contributes to a a decline in future plant performance. To test the hypotheses that a trade‐off exists between current sexual reproduction and subsequent clonal regeneration and that resources limit reproduction and regeneration, plants of the widespread mossPterygoneurum ovatumwere subjected to induced sporophytic abortion, upper leaf removal, and nutrient amendment treatments. Sexually reproducing plants were slower or less likely to produce regenerative structures (protonemata or shoots) and produced fewer regenerative tissue areas or structures. The ability and the timeline to reproduce sexually and regenerate clonally were unaffected by an inorganic nutrient amendment. However, when leaves subtending the sporophyte were removed, the sporophytes were less likely to mature, tended to take a longer time to mature, and were smaller compared to sporophytes from shoots with a full complement of upper leaves. Our findings indicate that plants investing in sexual reproduction suffer a cost of decreased clonal regeneration and indicate that sporophyte maturation is resource‐limited, with upper leaves contributing to the nutrition of the sporophyte. This study represents only the second explicit experimental demonstration of a trade‐off between sexual and asexual reproduction in bryophytes.
Systemic Therapies for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Review for the Primary Care Physician
Authors: Shaw Maren G. , Burkhart Craig N. , Morrell Dean S.
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review the currently used systemic therapies for severe pediatric atopic dermatitis.

2.

Summarize the published data on systemic therapies used in the treatment of severe pediatric atopic dermatitis.

3.

Provide a progressive strategy for approaching the use of systemic modalities in severe pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Genetic Syndromes: From Clinical Suspicion to Referral to Diagnosis
Authors: Shur Natasha , Abuelo Dianne
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Name the currently suggested diagnostic categories for genetic disorders.

2.

Explain how categorization of patients into diagnostic groupings allows for a tiered approach to differential diagnosis and testing.

3.

Recognize the most appropriate referral criteria for further genetic consultation and testing in the pediatric population.
Expanded Newborn Screening: An Update for Pediatricians
Authors: Barbouth Deborah , Morales Ana , Villalba Ricardo
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Name current recommendations for newborn screening.

2.

Apply evidence supporting newborn screening as a means for prevention of irreversible morbidity and mortality.

3.

Identify available newborn screening resource for parents and health care providers.
Risk of Motion Loss With Combined Bankart and SLAP Repairs
Authors: Takase Katsumi
Published: August 2009

We have performed arthroscopic Bankart procedures using absorbable or metallic suture anchors for traumatic anterior shoulder instability for over a decade. This article describes the frequency, pathology, and therapeutic results of patients treated for superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions concomitant with Bankart lesions.

Twenty patients (Group A) had a mean age of 33.8 years at the time of surgery. On arthroscopic findings, SLAP lesions were classified type 2 in 15 patients and type 4 in 5, based on Snyder's criteria. In addition, intra-articular free bodies were present in 2 SLAP lesions, and a capsular tear was present in 1. We performed debridement (Group A1) or reattachment (Group A2) to the superior glenoid edge of these lesions, considering whether they communicated to Bankart lesions. The therapeutic results were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Japan Shoulder Society (JSS) shoulder instability score. Mean JOA and JSS shoulder instability scores were 95.1 and 90.8 points, respectively. All Group A patients remained pain free, and no instability recurred in any patient. Meanwhile, mean JSS shoulder instability function and range of motion scores were 18.9 and 15.1 points, respectively, in Group A1, and 17.5 and 10.1 points, respectively, in Group A2. A significant correlation in range of motion was observed in Groups A1 and A2 (
P
=.04). Regarding postoperative limitation in external rotation with the arm at the side, the difference in range from that on the healthy side was 9.8° in Group A (7.0° in Group A1 and 12.6° in Group A2).

When SLAP lesions communicated to Bankart lesions, we had satisfactory results without SLAP repair; therefore, unnecessary repairs for the concomitant pathology should be avoided, and different postoperative care should be performed for patients with Bankart repair with reattachment of a SLAP lesion.
Delayed Onset Thigh Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Contusion
Authors: Joglekar Siddharth B. , Rehman Saqib
Published: August 2009

While thigh compartment syndrome is relatively uncommon, it can occur in various situations. Multiple reports document thigh contusions as a cause of acute compartment syndrome; however, compartment syndrome of the thigh presenting primarily in a delayed fashion secondary to a contusion has not been described. This article reports a case of thigh compartment syndrome.

A 39-year-old man sustained a left thigh contusion while playing basketball. He continued to play and also worked at the office over the next 2 days. Fifty-two hours postinjury, he developed severe pain in the thigh after a long walk. Increased swelling of the thigh followed, with numbness in the anterolateral thigh and pain with knee motion. He presented 60 hours postinjury with a compartment syndrome, and a lateral decompressive fasciotomy of the thigh was performed 62 hours postinjury. The wound was closed after 5 days. Three months postoperatively, the patient returned to playing basketball with no deficits.

Treatment of established compartment syndrome in such cases is controversial, with some reports recommending nonoperative management. Contusion-related compartment syndromes are frequently associated with intramuscular bleeding in the involved compartment, which may accumulate slowly or worsen with further activity. Guidelines regarding return to sports need to be established in individuals sustaining severe contusions during sports-related activities to prevent compartment syndrome. Any individual sustaining such an injury should be under surveillance for delayed onset symptoms or signs of this potentially devastating syndrome.
Effect of Preoperative Brace Treatment on Quality of Life in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis Following Corrective Surgery
Authors: Wang Chuanfeng , Zhao Yongfei , He Shisheng , Zhu Xiaodong , Zhao Yingchuan , Chen Ziqiang , Gu Suxi , Xie Yang , Li Ming
Published: August 2009

Bracing is frequently used for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Such treatment is not always effective, and corrective surgery may be warranted. Brace treatment has been suggested to negatively affect quality of life. This study assessed postoperative quality of life and surgical outcome in Chinese patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and failed brace treatment. Ninety-four patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent simple posterior corrective surgery and pedicle screw fixation were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: brace and surgery treatment (BS group) and surgery with no brace treatment (S group). Radiological parameters were assessed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and >2 years postoperatively. Postoperative quality of life was determined using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire.

The preoperative minor curve Cobb angle was significantly greater in the BS group (34.9° vs 29.4°;
P
=.037). Postoperative radiological parameters in the coronal and sagittal planes were similar. There were a significantly higher number of fused vertebrae in BS compared to S group patients (10.3 vs 9.6;
P
=.044). There were no significant postoperative differences between groups in function/activity, pain, mental health, or satisfaction of management as determined by the SRS-22. Self-image/appearance scores were significantly higher in BS compared to S group patients (4.0 vs 3.8;
P
=.010). Preoperative brace treatment may be a risk factor for minor curve progression but does not appear to significantly influence surgical outcome. Postoperative self-perceived quality of life is not negatively affected by preoperative brace treatment.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Fifth Metacarpal
Authors: Ozyurek Selahattin , Rodop Osman , Kose Ozkan , Cilli Feridun , Mahirogullari Mahir
Published: August 2009

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare, rapidly growing, and destructive benign bone tumor that even more rarely involves the bones of the hand. Various treatment options for aneurysmal bone cyst have been reported in the literature, but controversy exists regarding optimal treatment. Due to its rarity in the hand, no evidence-based treatment regimen has been established.

A 21-year-old man presented with a history of pain and local swelling over his fifth metacarpal of 5 months' duration. Physical and radiographic examination of the hand was consistent with aneurysmal bone cyst. After biopsy, pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst. En-block resection of the tumor and autologous bicortical strut graft fixation with Kirschner wires was performed. The hand was immobilized in a short arm cast for 3 weeks after the patient received 3 weeks of physiotherapy. Kirschner wires were removed 6 weeks postoperatively. Excellent clinical and functional results were obtained with no recurrence after 3 years of follow-up with en-block resection and reconstruction with iliac crest graft. Radiographic examination demonstrated the osseous integration of the graft with no signs of recurrence.

Although treatment should be planned individually according to lesion site and size and to patient age, we suggest en-block resection to prevent recurrence and secondary surgical interventions particularly in cases with no articular involvement.
Ankle Arthrodesis Using Antegrade Intramedullary Nail for Salvage of Nonreconstructable Tibial Pilon Fractures
Authors: Niikura Takahiro , Miwa Masahiko , Sakai Yoshitada , Lee Sang Yang , Oe Keisuke , Iwakura Takashi , Koh Akihiro , Koga Takaaki , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: August 2009

The treatment of nonreconstructable tibial pilon fractures for which the optimal timing for reduction and fixation has been missed is challenging. Ankle arthrodesis may be a treatment option in such cases. We treated 2 patients with nonreconstructable tibial pilon fractures using ankle arthrodesis with an antegrade intramedullary nail. Our method included exposing of the ankle joint through a lateral approach; excising the distal fibula, comminuted fragments, and remaining articular cartilage; inserting an intramedullary nail in an antegrade fashion from the proximal tibia into the talus; insertion of 2 interlocking screws in the talus and the proximal tibia; and autologous bone grafting using the excised distal fibula. At latest follow-up at 2 and 1 year respectively, fusion was complete, and both patients were pain free and could walk without support. When ankle arthrodesis is performed for a tibial pilon fracture, an intramedullary nail is thought to be superior to a plate, which is bulky and may impede soft tissue healing. Moreover, insertion of an intramedullary nail in an antegrade fashion can preserve the subtalar joint, and is therefore preferred over placement in a retrograde fashion. Ankle arthrodesis using this technique can be a useful salvage procedure for a nonreconstructable tibial pilon fracture.
An Occult Acetabular Fracture Preceding a Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Lasanianos Nikolaos , Kanakaris Nikolaos , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: August 2009

This article describes the case of a 69-year-old patient with an occult acetabular fracture complicated by an ipsilateral femoral neck fracture occurring within 2 months. The acetabular fracture remained undiagnosed at examination due to insufficient clinical and radiographic data interpretation. The patient was assured of early mobilization that led to a fall and subsequent hip fracture. We focus on the potential reasons for the nondiagnosis of the acetabular fracture. Acetabular fractures in the elderly may occur after low-energy injuries. The lack of history of violent injury may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. Plain anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs alone may prove an insufficient tool, especially in the hands of inexperienced personnel. As is characteristic, a retrospective review of the AP pelvis radiograph obtained after the first fall in our case revealed the undisplaced fracture of the anterior column that was missed initially. Combined fractures of the hip and the acetabulum are rarely described in the literature and are usually addressed by total hip arthroplasty (THA) alone. Similar fracture patterns that develop in 2 stages (2 injuries), as the 1 presented herein, are even more rare. The uniqueness of this combined fracture required a unique surgical treatment. The senior surgeon (P.V.G.) addressed the acetabular fracture separately to graft the anterior column fracture and facilitate union, as it was already 8 weeks old and the second fall had generated a further gap between the fragments. Stable fixation was felt appropriate prior to the THA. Thus, a double surgical approach was used. Six weeks postoperatively, the patient was able to perform full weight-bearing mobilization without an antalgic gait pattern. At 6-month follow-up, radiographs showed the metalwork to be in place with no displacement, and the fracture had progressed to union.
Characterization of FIBCD1 as an Acetyl Group-Binding Receptor That Binds Chitin
Authors: Schlosser Anders , Thomsen Theresa , Moeller Jesper B. , Nielsen Ole , Tornøe Ida , Mollenhauer Jan , Moestrup Søren K. , Holmskov Uffe
Published: August 2009

Chitin is a highly acetylated compound and the second most abundant biopolymer in the world next to cellulose. Vertebrates are exposed to chitin both through food ingestion and when infected with parasites, and fungi and chitin modulate the immune response in different directions. We have identified a novel homotetrameric 55-kDa type II transmembrane protein encoded by the FIBCD1 gene and highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. The ectodomain of FIBCD1 is characterized by a coiled-coil region, a polycationic region and C-terminal fibrinogen-related domain that by disulfide linkage assembles the protein into tetramers. Functional analysis showed a high-affinity and calcium-dependent binding of acetylated components to the fibrinogen domain, and a function in endocytosis was demonstrated. Screening for ligands revealed that the FIBCD1 is a high-affinity receptor for chitin and chitin fragments. FIBCD1 may play an important role in controlling the exposure of intestine to chitin and chitin fragments, which is of great relevance for the immune defense against parasites and fungi and for immune response modulation.
Early Triggering of Exclusive IFN-γ Responses of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells by TLR-Activated Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Devilder Marie-Claire , Allain Sophie , Dousset Christelle , Bonneville Marc , Scotet Emmanuel
Published: August 2009

γδ T cells, a major innate-like T cell subset, are thought to play in vivo an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses to various infection agents like parasites, bacteria, or viruses but the mechanisms contributing to this immune process remain ill defined. Owing to their ability to recognize a broad set of microbial molecular patterns, TLRs represent a major innate pathway through which pathogens induce dendritic cells (DC) maturation and acquisition of immunostimulatory functions. In this study, we studied the effects of various TLR ligands on the activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, a main human γδ PBL subset, which has been recently involved in the licensing of mycobacteria-infected DC. Both TLR3 and TLR4, but not TLR2 ligands, induced a rapid, strong, and exclusive IFN-γ production by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This γδ subset contributed to a large extent to the overall PBL IFN-γ response induced after short-term TLR stimulation of human PBMC. Importantly, this phenomenon primarily depended on type I IFN, but not IL-12, produced by monocytic DC upon TLR engagement. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were similarly activated by plasmacytoid DC upon TLR8/9 activation or Yellow Fever virus infection. Moreover TLR-induced Vγ9Vδ2 IFN-γ noncytolytic response led to efficient DC polarization into IL-12p70-producing cells. Our results support an adjuvant role played by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells along microbial infections through a particular cross-talk with pathogen-associated molecular patterns-activated DC. Moreover they provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying functional activation of this unique peripheral innate-like T cell subset during viral infections.
Translation of variables and implementation of efficient logic‐based techniques in the MINLP process synthesizer MIPSYN
Authors: Ropotar Marcel , Kravanja Zdravko
Published: August 2009

This article describes alternative GDP formulation and convex hull representations for process synthesis problems and their implementation in a unique MINLP process synthesizer MIPSYN. A special translation of variables in mixed‐integer, relaxed, and logic‐based variations has been proposed, which enables modeling and solving process alternatives in a narrowed lifted space of variables, defined by nonzero lower and upper bounds. Based on these translation variations, alternative formulations have been developed for convex hulls, multiple‐term generalized disjunctive programming problems, and logic‐based outer‐approximation algorithm, all of them being specialized for the synthesis of process flowsheets. Several studies were performed and three different large‐scale synthesis problems were solved to test the performance and efficiency of different formulations. This initial research indicates that the proposed alternative convex hull representation usually outperforms the conventional one when solving both MILP and NLP steps in highly combinatorial MINLP process networks problems. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Enhancing therapeutic loading and delaying transport via molecular imprinting and living/controlled polymerization
Authors: Vaughan Asa D. , Zhang Jeney B. , Byrne Mark E.
Published: August 2009

This work demonstrates for the first time molecular imprinting using a “living/controlled” polymerization (LCP) strategy to enhance template loading/affinity and delay release in weakly crosslinked gels. Two gel systems were studied: poly(DEAEM‐co‐HEMA‐co‐PEG200DMA) gels imprinted for diclofenac sodium and poly(MAA‐co‐EGDMA) gels imprinted for ethyl adenine‐9‐acetate. Experimental evidence confirms that template diffusion coefficients within imprinted gels can be heavily influenced by template binding affinity. Recognition studies revealed significant increases in template loading/affinity with large increases in loading for LCP, and dynamic template release studies showed that imprinting via LCP extends the template release profile by twofold over that of imprinting via conventional free‐radical polymerization techniques and fourfold over the control network (less Fickian and toward zero‐order release with a profile coefficient of 0.70). Analysis of reaction kinetics indicated that LCP with reversible termination events increases the chemically controlled chain propagation mechanism, and that binding sites are formed during this phase of the polymerization. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Total projection to latent structures for process monitoring
Authors: Zhou Donghua , Li Gang , Qin S. Joe
Published: August 2009

Partial least squares or projection to latent structures (PLS) has been used in multivariate statistical process monitoring similar to principal component analysis. Standard PLS often requires many components or latent variables (LVs), which contain variations orthogonal to Y and useless for predicting Y. Further, the X‐residual of PLS usually has quite large variations, thus is not proper to monitor with the Q‐statistic. To reduce false alarm and missing alarm rates of faults related to Y, a total projection to latent structures (T‐PLS) algorithm is proposed in this article. The new structure divides the X‐space into four parts instead of two parts in standard PLS. The properties of T‐PLS are studied in detail, including its relationship to the orthogonal PLS. Further study shows the space decomposition on X‐space induced by T‐PLS. Fault detection policy is developed based on the T‐PLS. Case studies on two simulation examples show the effectiveness of the T‐PLS based fault detection methods. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Cellulose triacetate‐based polymer gel electrolytes
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Nguyen Dinh Quan , Lee Seul Bee , Kim Honggon , Ahn Byoung Sung , Lee Hyunjoo , Kim Hoon Sik
Published: August 2009

New composite polymer gels were obtained from cellulose triacetate (CTA), N‐methyl‐N′‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr1,3TFSI), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). Analysis by differential scanning calorimeter and scanning electron microscope showed that the ionic gel consisting of CTA, Pyr1,3TFSI, and LiTFSI formed a completely homogeneous phase at the molar ratio of CTA/Pyr1,3TFSI/LiTFSI = 1/3/1.5. The ionic conductivity of the polymer gel was significantly enhanced by the presence of LiTFSI. FTIR study strongly implies that the interaction of lithium ion with the carbonyl group of CTA could be responsible for the increase in conductivity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
One‐step synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers decorated with silver
Authors: Jia Qingming , Shan Shaoyun , Jiang Lihong , Wang Yaming
Published: August 2009

Polyaniline (PANI)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites containing PANI nanofibers decorated with well‐dispersed Ag nanoparticles were obtained with interfacial polymerization. It was interesting that silver nitride affected not only the diameter and crystallinity of the PANI nanofibers but also their room‐temperature conductivity. The conductivity increased with increasing Ag loading up to 10 (molar ratio of aniline to silver nitride), but the conductivity moderately decreased with further increasing Ag loading. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis results indicate that the diameter of the PANI nanofibers became smaller and smaller, and their crystallinity got better and better with increasing Ag loading. However, Fourier transform infrared analysis proved that the balance of oxidized and reduced units of PANI became big with increasing Ag loading, which may have resulted in the decreasing conductivity of PANI. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010