bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct cardiovascular and cancer burdens associated with social position, work environment and unemployment: a cross-sectional and retrospective study in a large population-based French cohort
Authors: Sanchez Rico Marina , Plessz Marie , Airagnes Guillaume , Ribet Céline , Hoertel Nicolas , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Meneton Pierre
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Distinguish the respective effects of social position, work environment and unemployment on cardiovascular and cancer risks.

Design

A cross-sectional and retrospective observational study.

Setting

A population-based French cohort (CONSTANCES).

Participants

130 197 adults enrolled between 2012 and 2021 without missing values.

Primary outcome measures

The associations of social position, work environment and unemployment exposure with the prevalence of cardiovascular events and cancers simultaneously tested using logistic regression models adjusting for common risk factors.

Results

While social position, work environment and unemployment exposure are strongly inter-related with each other, they are not linked to the same cardiovascular and cancer outcomes. Low social position and long unemployment duration are significantly associated with an increased prevalence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.22 to 1.90, p<0.04 to p<0.0001) but not of stroke. In contrast, a bad work environment is associated with an increased prevalence of stroke (OR=1.29, p<0.01) but not of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. Low social position is associated with an increased prevalence of cervical and lung cancers (OR=1.73 and 1.95, p<0.002 and p<0.03) and a decreased prevalence of skin cancer (OR=0.70, p<0.0001) while a bad work environment is associated with an increased prevalence of breast, skin, prostate and colon cancers (OR=1.31 to 2.91, p<0.0002 to p<0.0001). Unemployment exposure is not associated with the prevalence of any type of cancers.

Conclusions

Social position, work environment and unemployment are associated with distinct cardiovascular and cancerous diseases that could add up during lifetime, they should therefore be considered all together in any preventive strategy.
A nationwide analysis of geriatric proximal humerus fractures: trends, outcomes, and cost
Authors: Cheng Teresa , Galicia Kevin , Patel Purvi P , Anstadt Michael J , Gonzalez Richard P , Kubasiak John
Published: July 2023

Background

In the USA, proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are the third most common fracture among the elderly. Although most geriatric PHF are treated conservatively, surgical management remains an option. This retrospective study compares annual trends, patient outcomes, and hospital costs between operatively and non-operatively managed geriatric PHF.

Methods

The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 2012 to 2015. Geriatric patients with PHF were identified and those who underwent operative or non-operative management were compared in trends, outcomes and costs.

Results

In total, 137 810 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 51 795 (37.6%) underwent operative management. The operative cohort was younger (76.6 vs 80.9, p<0.001) with a greater proportion of females (81.8% vs 77.6%, p<0.001). The operative cohort demonstrated less frailty and lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Scores (both p<0.001). The operative cohort was also more likely to be discharged home (30.4% vs 13.9%, p<0.001). There was no significant linear trend in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted proportions of operative versus non-operative geriatric PHF (p=0.071), but a positive linear trend was statistically significant for total cost of operative geriatric PHF (p<0.001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated similar overall complication rates between cohorts (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.00; p=0.06), although surgical intervention increased length of stay (LOS) by 0.15 days (95% CI 0.03 to 0.27; p<0.001) and median cost of hospitalization by US$10 684 (95% CI US$10 384 to US$10 984; p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study identifies a positive linear trend in total cost of operatively managed geriatric PHF from 2012 to 2015. Operative management of geriatric PHF is associated with a similar overall complication rate and greater likelihood of being discharged home. Although non-operative management is associated with decreased LOS and hospital expenses, providers should consider surgical PHF treatment options when available and appropriate in the context of patient-focused outcomes, particularly long-term disposition after intervention.

Level of Evidence

This level IV retrospective study identifies.
The influence of monomolecular water and bimolecular water on BrO + CH2O reaction
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Liu Yongguo , Zhao Meilian , Sun Yuxi , Liu Shuxin
Published: July 2023

The catalytic influence of water molecules on BrO + CH2O reaction was discussed through the investigation of mechanism and kinetics. The potential energy surfaces and dynamic properties of the BrO + CH2O reaction were investigated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level. The reaction generates four different products, respectively, through four pathways without water and nine pathways with water. The results have shown that the generation of HCO + HOBr occupied the entire reaction without water. The rate constants were obtained by employing the KisThelP program based on the Transition State Theory with Wigner tunneling correction. This rate constants of the naked reaction are lower than that in the presence of monomolecular water and are higher than that in the presence of bimolecular water. The current calculations indicated that monomolecular water could accelerate the BrO + CH2O reaction, while bimolecular water could not accelerate the BrO + CH2O reaction. The effective rate constants (in the presence of monomolecular water and bimolecular water) are much lower than that of the naked reaction.
AdS black brane coupled to non-abelian logarithmic gauge theory and color DC conductivity
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we consider Einstein–Hilbert gravity in the presence of cosmological constant and non-abelian nonlinear electromagnetic field of logarithmic type that is minimally coupled to gravity. First, black brane solution of this model is introduced and then color non-abelian DC conductivity is calculated for this solution by using AdS/conformal field theory (CFT) duality. Our result recovers the Yang–Mills model in λ → 0 limit.
Effects of a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet under different energy conditions on glucose homeostasis and fatty liver development in rats and on gluconeogenesis in the isolated perfused liver
Authors: de Oliveira Mateus José , Moreira Evelyn Silva , Lucredi Naiara Cristina , Bonetti Carla Indianara , de Sá-Nakanishi Anacharis Babeto , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Bracht Adelar , Bracht Lívia
Published: July 2023

The beneficial effects of high-fat low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diets on glucose metabolism have been questioned and their effects on liver metabolism are not totally clear. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of an HFLC diet under different energy conditions on glucose homeostasis, fatty liver development, and hepatic gluconeogenesis using the isolated perfused rat liver. HFLC diet (79% fat, 19% protein, and 2% carbohydrates in Kcal%) was administered to rats for 4 weeks under three conditions: ad libitum (hypercaloric), isocaloric, and hypocaloric (energy reduction of 20%). Fasting blood glucose levels and total fat in the liver were higher in all HFLC diet rats. Oral glucose tolerance was impaired in isocaloric and hypercaloric groups, although insulin sensitivity was not altered. HFLC diet also caused marked liver metabolic alterations: higher gluconeogenesis rate from lactate and a reduced capacity to metabolize alanine, the latter effect being more intense in the hypocaloric condition. Thus, even when HFLC diets are used for weight loss, our data imply that they can potentially cause harmful consequences for the liver.
Nuclear neutron radius and weak mixing angle measurements from latest COHERENT CsI and atomic parity violation Cs data
Authors: Atzori Corona M. , Cadeddu M. , Cargioli N. , Dordei F. , Giunti C. , Masia G.
Published: July 2023

The COHERENT collaboration observed coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering using a 14.6 kg cesium-iodide (CsI) detector in 2017 and recently published the updated results before decommissioning the detector. Here, we present the legacy determination of the weak mixing angle and of the average neutron rms radius of $$^{133}{\textrm{Cs}}$$

133

Cs

and $$^{127}{\textrm{I}}$$

127

I

obtained with the full CsI dataset, also exploiting the combination with the atomic parity violation (APV) experimental result, that allows us to achieve a precision as low as $$\sim $$
∼
 4.5% and to disentangle the contributions of the $$^{133}{\textrm{Cs}}$$

133

Cs

and $$^{127}{\textrm{I}}$$

127

I

nuclei. Interestingly, we show that the COHERENT CsI data show a 6$$\sigma $$
σ
evidence of the nuclear structure suppression of the full coherence. Moreover, we derive a data-driven APV+COHERENT measurement of the low-energy weak mixing angle with a percent uncertainty, independent of the value of the average neutron rms radius of $$^{133}{\textrm{Cs}}$$

133

Cs

and $$^{127}{\textrm{I}},$$

127

I
,

that is allowed to vary freely in the fit. Additionally, we extensively discuss the impact of using two different determinations of the theoretical parity non-conserving amplitude in the APV fit. Our findings show that the particular choice can make a significant difference, up to 6.5% on $$R_n$$

R
n

(Cs) and 11% on the weak mixing angle. Finally, in light of the recent announcement of a future deployment of a 10 kg and a $$\sim $$
∼
 700 kg cryogenic CsI detectors, we provide future prospects for these measurements, comparing them with other competitive experiments that are foreseen in the near future.
Significance of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction in ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated porous curved surface: A passive control strategy
Authors: Nagapavani M. , Venkata Ramana Reddy G. , Verma Amit , Mishra Raghawendra , Kumar Thanesh
Published: July 2023

The convective flow of Jeffrey ternary hybrid nanoliquid over a curved stretching sheet, water-based aluminum oxide and graphene nanoparticles and single wall carbon nanotubes had been employed in this work to explore the hydrothermal variation. In the process of modeling the mechanism of mass transfer, activation energy and binary chemical processes are taken into consideration. The expressions of energy and mass are computed with the extra influence of Brownian diffusion and the thermophoresis characteristics. The initial step in evaluating leading equations involves transforming them into dimensionless forms through similarity transformations. To supplement the assessment, a diverse range of graphs and tables are utilized. The exploration and discussion of various parameters and their impact on involved fields are also presented. In ternary hybrid nanoliquids, an increase in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters positively impacts heat transfer capacity. The Biot number exhibits a positive influence on heat transport, while the Schmidt number reduces mass transfer. The curvature parameter has a beneficial impact on the heat transmission rate. Furthermore, as the activation energy parameter rises, the mass transport increases, while it decreases as the chemical reaction rate parameter increases.
Study of thermal convection in chemically reactive carbon nanotube suspension saturated in anisotropic porous enclosure
Authors: Maheshwari Sanjalee , Sharma Y. D. , Yadav O. P.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the influence of chemical reactions and anisotropic porous material on the convective instability, heat and mass transfer rate of water-based carbon nanotube suspension. Flow governing dynamics are modeled using the modified Brinkman–Buongiorno model. The effects of pertinent flow characterizing parameters such as chemical reaction parameter, porosity parameter, mechanical anisotropy parameter and thermal anisotropy parameter on the threshold of convection, heat and mass transport rate are discussed and compared for three types of enclosures: shallow, square and tall. The study concludes that nanoliquid suspended with single-walled carbon nanotubes has higher heat and mass transfer capability than the multi-walled carbon nanotubes when saturated in a tall porous enclosure and also tall enclosure allows the convection to set in earlier. Anisotropic effect and destructive chemical reaction delay the starting of convection. Further, it is observed that the heat transfer rate decreases with the chemical reaction parameter.
Entropy generation studies of turbulent fluid flow through novel hybrid corrugated channels with variable thermophysical properties
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Kumar Rajan , Bharj Rabinder Singh
Published: July 2023

The investigation of the effects associated with the temperature-dependent property (viscosity, density and thermal conductivity) variations on fluid flow, entropy generation, and heat transfer in the various hybrid corrugated channels is performed numerically. Water enters the flow domain with a constant inlet temperature of 300[Formula: see text]K and constant inlet velocity corresponding to the different Re values. An in-depth numerical investigation is performed for the two cases that have the least entropy generation among all the cases and these cases are inward arc-outward triangular and inward trapezoidal-outward triangular corrugated channels. The use of corrugated channels with variable properties substantially affects the Nu. The effect of temperature-dependent property variation corresponding to the Re on frictional and heat transfer entropy generation is also presented in this work. The rise in the Re and consideration of variable fluid properties resulted in a decrement in the total entropy generation. Under the considered conditions, the frictional entropy generation contribution in the total entropy generation is very small as compared to the heat transfer entropy generation with constant and variable fluid properties. Furthermore, the consideration of temperature-dependent property variation results in a lower augmentation entropy generation number as compared to the constant property cases at higher Re.
Analysis of the performance and pressure pulsation in a high-speed centrifugal pump with different hub-cutting angles
Authors: Cui Baoling , Liu JinXin , Zhai Lulu , Han Anda
Published: July 2023

In this study, the hub cutting of the impeller was presented to suppress the rotor–stator interference between the blade and volute tongue in a high-speed centrifugal pump with double volutes. The flow fields in the centrifugal pumps with four hub-cutting angles 0, 15∘, 30∘ and 45∘ were numerically simulated to investigate the influence on the internal flow and pressure pulsation using SST [Formula: see text] turbulent model. The predicted results of numerical simulation were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The results show that the relative velocity streamline distribution is more uniform and smoother in hub-cutting impeller compared with that in the original one. Also, the head and efficiency of the pumps with hub-cutting impeller are higher than that of the prototype pump, with the maximum increase of 1.97% of the head for the hub-cutting angle 45∘ under the design flow rate. The pressure pulsation intensity at volute 1 and the unsteady radial force of the hub-cutting pumps are smaller than that of the prototype pump due to the flow improvement. In addition, the maximum and average values of the unsteady radial force decrease with the increase of the cutting angle.
The Effects of Video Lecture Design on Learners in Online Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Du Zhao , Liu Jun
Published: July 2023

Video lectures are indispensable components of current online learning platforms. They play critical roles in shaping learners’ responses and learning performance. This research intends to synthesize the findings relevant to the effects of video lecture design on learners in online learning. It identified the key elements of video lecture design and revealed their impacts on learners’ responses and learning performance by conducting a systematic review. Based on 73 peer-reviewed journal papers extracted and selected from the Web of Science (WOS) core collections database, this research illustrated the landscape of the literature by publication year, journal source, citations, and keyword co-occurrence. It also identified three themes in the literature, such as instructor presence, instructor characteristics, and content presentation, and summarized the key findings for each theme. This research contributes to the online learning literature by revealing the current status of scholarly works relevant to video lecture design and proposes an agenda for future research in this emerging field. Meanwhile, it offers practitioners the synthesized findings in the academic investigations on video lecture design in online learning.
Focusing on the Unfocused: Corresponding Perspectives on Connectivity among Small-scale Non-profit Organizations Working for Street Children in Bangladesh and Their Donors
Authors: Adnin Rudaiba , Haque Ishita , Afroz Sadia , Ishmam Alvi Md. , Sarkar Sakil , Khan Md. Kafi , Mimi Afsana , Chellappan Sriram , Al Islam A. B. M. Alim
Published: July 2023

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) serve marginalized communities, such as street children. Their success highly depends on donation raising and their connections with donors, where online platforms (e.g., social media, individual websites, messaging applications, etc.) play a significant role. However, small-scale NPOs face several challenges due to their resource constraints while connecting with their donors and potential donors using existing online platforms. Therefore, we performed a mixed-method study to investigate the connectivity settings among such NPOs, donors, and potential donors. Consequently, we performed semi-structured interviews with seven NPOs working for street children and 21 current donors and conducted an online survey of 42 potential donors in a developing country (Bangladesh). The findings of our study reveal influential factors pertinent to the non-profit work contexts and gaps in connectivity among the stakeholders (small-scale NPOs, donors, and potential donors). We discover that, although having an online presence positively impacts the credibility of small-scale NPOs to the donors by introducing familiarity, possessing such an online presence is challenging for the resource-constrained small-scale NPOs. We further provide several design implications for improving the connectivity settings, especially in terms of online connectivity, among the stakeholders by focusing on their essential roles and reduction of their encountered challenges.
Sentiment Analysis for Hotel Reviews: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ameur Asma , Hamdi Sana , Ben Yahia Sadok
Published: July 2023

Sentiment Analysis (SA) helps to automatically and meaningfully discover hotel customers’ satisfaction from their shared experiences and feelings on social media. Several studies have been conducted to improve the precision of SA in the hospitality industry, which vary in data preprocessing techniques, feature representation, sentiment classification levels, and models, and they use different datasets. Such variations are worthy of attention and monitoring. Despite the importance of SA in hospitality and tourism, review studies identifying gaps and suggesting future research directions are limited. This article introduces a systematic literature review to label and discuss state-of-the-art studies that deal with SA for hotel reviews.
Experimental Comparison of PC-Trees and PQ-Trees
Authors: Fink Simon D. , Pfretzschner Matthias , Rutter Ignaz
Published: July 2023

PQ-trees and PC-trees are data structures that represent sets of linear and circular orders, respectively, subject to constraints that specific subsets of elements have to be consecutive. While equivalent to each other, PC-trees are conceptually much simpler than PQ-trees; updating a PC-tree so that a set of elements becomes consecutive requires only a single operation, whereas PQ-trees use an update procedure that is described in terms of nine transformation templates that have to be recursively matched and applied.

Despite these theoretical advantages, to date no practical PC-tree implementation is available. This might be due to the original description by Hsu and McConnell [
14
] in some places only sketching the details of the implementation. In this paper, we describe two alternative implementations of PC-trees. For the first one, we follow the approach by Hsu and McConnell, filling in the necessary details and also proposing improvements on the original algorithm. For the second one, we use a different technique for efficiently representing the tree using a Union-Find data structure. In an extensive experimental evaluation we compare our implementations to a variety of other implementations of PQ-trees that are available on the web as part of academic and other software libraries. Our results show that both PC-tree implementations beat their closest fully correct competitor, the PQ-tree implementation from the OGDF library [
6
,
15
], by a factor of 2 to 4, showing that PC-trees are not only conceptually simpler but also fast in practice. Moreover, we find the Union-Find-based implementation, while having a slightly worse asymptotic runtime, to be twice as fast as the one based on the description by Hsu and McConnell.
Life's Work: History, Biography, and Ideas
Authors: Swidler Ann
Published: July 2023

Part personal autobiography, part intellectual history, this article offers lessons from a long career, reflections on my sociological contributions, and an account of how major social changes shaped my trajectory and made me the sociologist I am. I also offer an assessment of some of my central ideas and some new suggestions about how to understand culture.
Critical Race Theory: Confronting, Challenging, and Rethinking White Privilege
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant
Published: July 2023

The term “White privilege” has been used to denote specific privileges that White groups possess due to their Whiteness and White identity. In this article, firstly, I outline how, as a conceptual tool, White privilege can only be understood in relation to Critical Race Theory, specifically the notion that racism is central and endemic, through Whiteness as property and interest convergence. Secondly, I analyze the development of White privilege and provide ways forward for the use of the term, and thirdly, I use examples from higher education to outline how White privilege works in terms of the construction of knowledge, the prioritization of gender above race, and the fact that policy making is designed to protect White identities to uphold a hegemonic system of White supremacy.
Nanostructured MnWO4 as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: Farsi Hossein , Irandoost Eshagh , Barekati Neda Sadat , Moghiminia Shokufeh , Hosseini Seyyedamirhossein , Zubkov Tykhon , Estes Justine , Dumpert Levi , Lightcap Ian V. , Li Zhihai
Published: July 2023

Metal oxides have been considered as photo/electrocatalysts for water splitting because of their compositional and structural flexibility, and consequently, their tunable band gaps. These semiconductor nanomaterials could be used as electrocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis, which mainly includes the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode. In this study, we synthesized nanostructured manganese tungstate (MnWO4) using the hydrothermal method as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for HER and OER reactions, which exhibit the Tafel slopes of 160 and 83 mV dec−1, respectively, in alkaline medium. Prepared nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We demonstrated an approach to sketch the electronic diagram of nanostructured MnWO4 by using a combination of UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Mott–Schottky analysis via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Amorphous SiO2 Surface Irregularities and their Influence on Liquid Molecule Adsorption by Molecular Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Takayanagi Masayoshi , Fujiwara Naozumi , Seki Ryuichi , Sato Masanobu , Okuno Yasutoshi
Published: July 2023

As the semiconductor industry relentlessly reduces device sizes, efficient and precise cleaning processes have become increasingly critical to address challenges such as nanostructure stiction. Gaining insight into the molecular behavior of water and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces is essential for controlling semiconductor wet cleaning processes. This study investigated the interactions between these liquids and SiO2 surfaces. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we examined the adsorption behavior of water and IPA molecules on both amorphous and crystalline SiO2 (a-SiO2 and c-SiO2) surfaces. Our findings reveal a preferential adsorption of water molecules on a-SiO2 surfaces compared to c-SiO2. This preference can be ascribed to the irregularity of the a-SiO2 surface, which results in the presence of silanol groups that remain inaccessible to the liquid molecules. In contrast, the c-SiO2 surface exhibits a more uniform and accessible structure. This study not only imparts crucial insights into the molecular behavior of water and IPA on SiO2 surfaces but also provides valuable information for future enhancements and optimization of semiconductor wet surface preparation, cleaning, etching and drying.
Screening Study of Different Carbon-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Biehler Erik , Quach Qui , Abdel-Fattah Tarek M.
Published: July 2023

In this study, the hydrogen uptake of five carbon-based materials; graphite flakes (GF), graphene oxide (GO), graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), activated carbon, mesoporous carbon and carbon microspheres (CMS) was explored. The characteristic techniques used to confirm the materials included Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Nitrogen adsorption isotherms, BET surface area and pore size distributions were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). The hydrogen storage capacity was studied at constant temperature, 77 K and pressure from ambient pressure up to 1 bar. This study found that mesoporous carbon had the highest percentage of hydrogen uptake (18%), while activated carbon had the lowest percentage of hydrogen uptake (2%).
CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Yanda Murali K. , Ciobanu Cristian , Guggino William B. , Cebotaru Liudmila
Published: July 2023

CFTR is present in the primary cilia together with polycystin 2 (PC2). Ablation of CFTR makes cilia longer suggesting that CFTR plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl.
Age-related decline in bone mineral transport and bone matrix proteins in osteoblasts from stromal stem cells
Authors: Tourkova Irina L. , Larrouture Quitterie C. , Onwuka Kelechi M. , Liu Silvia , Luo Jianhua , Schlesinger Paul H. , Blair Harry C.
Published: July 2023

This work for the first time showed that specific enzymes in bone mineral transport, and matrix synthesis proteins, in the epithelial-like bone-forming cell layer are downregulated with aging. Results were compared using cells extracted from long bones of young and old mice, or in essentially uniform osteoblasts differentiated from stromal stem cells in vitro. The age effect showed memory in the stromal stem cells, a remarkable finding.
Current definitions of the breathing cycle in alveolar breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis
Authors: Girardi Michele , Gattoni Chiara , Stringer William W. , Rossiter Harry B. , Casaburi Richard , Ferguson Carrie , Capelli Carlo
Published: July 2023

Identification of the breathing cycle forms the basis of any breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis. Classically, the breathing cycle is defined as the time interval between the beginning of two consecutive inspiration phases. Based on this definition, several research groups have developed algorithms designed to estimate the volume and rate of gas transferred across the alveolar membrane (“alveolar gas exchange”); however, most algorithms require measurement of lung volume at the beginning of the ith breath ( VLi−1; i.e., the end-expiratory lung volume of the preceding ith breath). The main limitation of these algorithms is that direct measurement of VLi−1 is challenging and often unavailable. Two solutions avoid the requirement to measure VLi−1 by redefining the breathing cycle. One method defines the breathing cycle as the time between two equal fractional concentrations of lung expired oxygen ( Fo2) (or carbon dioxide; Fco2), typically in the alveolar phase, whereas the other uses the time between equal values of the Fo2/ Fn2 (or Fco2/ Fn2) ratios [i.e., the ratio of fractional concentrations of lung expired O2 (or CO2) and nitrogen (N2)]. Thus, these methods identify the breathing cycle by analyzing the gas fraction traces rather than the gas flow signal. In this review, we define the traditional approach and two alternative definitions of the human breathing cycle and present the rationale for redefining this term. We also explore the strengths and limitations of the available approaches and provide implications for future studies.
Nf1 in heart development: a potential causative gene for congenital heart disease: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Dun , Wen Xue , Xu Li-Li , Chen Qing-Xing , Yan Tian-Xing , Xiao Hai-Tao , Xu Xue-Wen
Published: July 2023

Congenital heart disease is the most frequent congenital disorder, affecting a significant number of live births. Gaining insights into its genetic etiology could lead to a deeper understanding of this condition. Although the Nf1 gene has been identified as a potential causative gene, its role in congenital heart disease has not been thoroughly clarified. We searched and summarized evidence from cohort-based and experimental studies on the issue of Nf1 and heart development in congenital heart diseases from various databases. Available evidence demonstrates a correlation between Nf1 and congenital heart diseases, mainly pulmonary valvar stenosis. The mechanism underlying this correlation may involve dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The Nf1 gene affects the EMT process via multiple pathways, including directly regulating the expression of EMT-related transcription factors and indirectly regulating the EMT process by regulating the MAPK pathway. This narrative review provides a comprehensive account of the Nf1 involvement in heart development and congenital cardiovascular diseases in terms of epidemiology and potential mechanisms. RAS signaling may contribute to congenital heart disease independently or in cooperation with other signaling pathways. Efficient management of both NF1 and cardiovascular disease patients would benefit from further research into these issues.
Enhancing Voltage, Reliability, and Demand Balance via Combined Model of Distributed Generation Allocation and Distribution System Reconfiguration
Authors: Sabzevari Kiomars , Mohammadi Keyvan , Ahmadi Monireh
Published: July 2023

The present study attempts to deal with two problems: optimal allocation of distribution generations (DGs) and reconfiguration of a distribution system to satisfy several multiobjectives including smoothing the voltage profile, minimizing the cost of reliability, and balancing the amount of load on the end-user side. These problems are merged into one single optimization problem with the aforementioned objective functions. The problem type is mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and is subject to various limitations imposed by, for example, the operating status of DGs, demand equilibrium, bus voltages, and power passing on the distribution lines. Moreover, the paper adopts particle swarm optimization to find a solution to the MINLP problem under study. The test system was implemented in the MATLAB environment to validate the capability of the suggested approach.
Epidemiology and Association Rules Analysis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis from Age and Gender Perspective: A Large-Scale Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study in China
Authors: Kang Wanli , Yu Jiajia , Liang Chen , Wang Quanhong , Li Liang , Du Jian , Chen Hongyan , Liu Jianxiong , Ma Jinshan , Li Mingwu , Qin Jingmin , Shu Wei , Zong Peilan , Zhang Yi , Yan Xiaofeng , Yang Zhiyi , Mei Zaoxian , Deng Qunyi , Wang Pu , Han Wenge , Wu Meiying , Chen Ling , Zhao Xinguo , Tan Lei , Li Fujian , Zheng Chao , Liu Hongwei , Li Xinjie , A. Ertai , Du Yingrong , Liu Fenglin , Cui Wenyu , Yang Song , Chen Xiaohong , Han Junfeng , Xie Qingyao , Feng Yanmei , Liu Wenyu , Tang Peijun , Zhang Jianyong , Zheng Jian , Chen Dawei , Yao Xiangyang , Ren Tong , Li Yan , Li Yuanyuan , Wu Lei , Song Qiang , Yang Mei , Zhang Jian , Liu Yuanyuan , Guo Shuliang , Yan Kun , Shen Xinghua , Lei Dan , Zhang Yanli , Li Youcai , Dong Yongkang , Tang Shenjie
Published: July 2023

Background. Tuberculosis (TB), a multisystemic disease with protean presentation, remains a major global health problem. Although concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases are commonly observed clinically, knowledge regarding concurrent PTB-EPTB is limited. Here, a large-scale multicenter observational study conducted in China aimed to study the epidemiology of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases by diagnostically defining TB types and then implementing association rules analysis. Methods. The retrospective study was conducted at 21 hospitals in 15 provinces in China and included all inpatients with confirmed TB diagnoses admitted from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017. Association rules analysis was conducted for cases with concurrent PTB and various types of EPTB using the Apriori algorithm. Results. Evaluation of 438,979TB inpatients indicated PTB was the most commonly diagnosed (82.05%) followed by tuberculous pleurisy (23.62%). Concurrent PTB-EPTB was found in 129,422 cases (29.48%) of which tuberculous pleurisy was the most common concurrent EPTB type observed. The multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated that odds ratios of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied by gender and age group. For PTB cases with concurrent EPTB, the strongest association was found between PTB and concurrent bronchial tuberculosis (lift = 1.09). For EPTB cases with concurrent PTB, the strongest association was found between pharyngeal/laryngeal tuberculosis and concurrent PTB (lift = 1.11). Confidence and lift values of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied with gender and age. Conclusions. Numerous concurrent PTB-EPTB case types were observed, with confidence and lift values varying with gender and age. Clinicians should screen for concurrent PTB-EPTB in order to improve treatment outcomes.
Potential and Prospects of Trichoderma in Plant Protection
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Samanta Pratik , Vijay Raj Susanth , Bera Pratush , Naimuddin Mohammed
Published: July 2023

In order to feed the growing population, agriculture is a vital component of any country; however, pests pose a constant threat to it. Chemical pesticides are employed to safeguard the crops from the enormous yield loss. These chemical pesticides are boundless in killing crop pests; however, they have detrimental effects on the health of both humans and the environment. Therefore, biological control techniques are being utilised after identifying an environmentally suitable substitute. Due to its well-known biological control mechanism, Trichoderma spp. have been utilised extensively in agricultural applications. The host plant’s soil and rhizosphere serve as shelter place for Trichoderma. It has the ability to create a variety of secondary metabolites and secretion of important enzymes. Clarification of Trichoderma’s importance in the prevention and treatment of plant diseases is thus important in order to advance sustainable agriculture. The mechanisms, which include mycoparasitism, antibiosis and competition aid in the management of insect pests and plant pathogens in the soil, seeds, roots, stems, leaves, etc. It is crucial to create new formulations of biocontrol microorganisms with a greater level of stability and survivability in order to implement biocontrol technology in the field and enhance its commercialisation.
BTKbase, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Variant Database in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Looking Back and Ahead
Authors: Schaafsma Gerard C. P. , Väliaho Jouni , Wang Qing , Berglöf Anna , Zain Rula , Smith C. I. Edvard , Vihinen Mauno
Published: July 2023

BTKbase is an international database for disease-causing variants in Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) leading to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a rare primary immunodeficiency of antibody production. BTKbase was established in 1994 as one of the first publicly available variation databases. The number of cases has more than doubled since the last update; it now contains information for 2310 DNA variants in 2291 individuals. 1025 of the DNA variants are unique. The human genome contains more than 500 protein kinases, among which BTK has the largest number of unique disease-causing variants. The current version of BTKbase has numerous novel features: the database has been reformatted, it has moved to LOVD database management system, it has been internally harmonized, etc. Systematics and standardization have been increased, including Variation Ontology annotations for variation types. There are some regions with lower than expected variation frequency and some hotspots for variations. BTKbase contains, in addition to variant descriptions at DNA, RNA and protein levels, also laboratory parameters and clinical features for many patients. BTKbase has served clinical and research communities in the diagnosis of XLA cases and provides general insight into effects of variations, especially in signalling pathways. Amino acid substitutions and their effects were investigated, predicted, and visualized at 3D level in the protein domains. BTKbase is freely available.
Plasma Membrane Channel TRPM4 Mediates Immunogenic Therapy–Induced Necrosis
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , Yang Rachel , Duraki Darjan , Zhu Junyao , Kim Ji Eun , Jabeen Musarrat , Mao Chengjian , Dai Xinyi , Livezey Mara R. , Boudreau Matthew W. , Park Ben H. , Nelson Erik R. , Hergenrother Paul J. , Shapiro David J.
Published: July 2023

Several emerging therapies kill cancer cells primarily by inducing necrosis. As necrosis activates immune cells, potentially, uncovering the molecular drivers of anticancer therapy–induced necrosis could reveal approaches for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. To identify necrosis-associated genes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen with negative selection against necrosis-inducing preclinical agents BHPI and conducted follow-on experiments with ErSO. The screen identified transient receptor potential melastatin member 4 (TRPM4), a calcium-activated, ATP-inhibited, sodium-selective plasma membrane channel. Cancer cells selected for resistance to BHPI and ErSO exhibited robust TRPM4 downregulation, and TRPM4 reexpression restored sensitivity to ErSO. Notably, TRPM4 knockout (TKO) abolished ErSO-induced regression of breast tumors in mice. Supporting a broad role for TRPM4 in necrosis, knockout of TRPM4 reversed cell death induced by four additional diverse necrosis-inducing cancer therapies. ErSO induced anticipatory unfolded protein response (a-UPR) hyperactivation, long-term necrotic cell death, and release of damage-associated molecular patterns that activated macrophages and increased monocyte migration, all of which was abolished by TKO. Furthermore, loss of TRPM4 suppressed the ErSO-induced increase in cell volume and depletion of ATP. These data suggest that ErSO triggers initial activation of the a-UPR but that it is TRPM4-mediated sodium influx and cell swelling, resulting in osmotic stress, which sustains and propagates lethal a-UPR hyperactivation. Thus, TRPM4 plays a pivotal role in sustaining lethal a-UPR hyperactivation that mediates the anticancer activity of diverse necrosis-inducing therapies.

Significance:

A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals a pivotal role for TRPM4 in cell death and immune activation following treatment with diverse necrosis-inducing anticancer therapies, which could facilitate development of necrosis-based cancer immunotherapies.
The Cooperative Human Tissue Network of the National Cancer Institute: Supporting Cancer Research for 35 Years
Authors: McCall Shannon J. , Lubensky Irina A. , Moskaluk Christopher A. , Parwani Anil , Radin Kiley , Ramirez Nilsa C. , Von Menchhofen Zachery , Washington Mary K. , LiVolsi Virginia A.
Published: July 2023

The Cooperative Human Tissue Network was created by the NCI in 1987 to support a coordinated national effort to collect and distribute high quality, pathologist-validated human tissues for cancer research. Since then, the network has expanded to provide different types of tissue samples, blood and body fluid samples, immunohistologic and molecular sample preparations, tissue microarrays, and clinical datasets inclusive of biomarkers and molecular testing. From inception through the end of 2021, the network has distributed 1,375,041 biospecimens. It served 889 active investigators in 2021. The network has also taken steps to begin to optimize the representation of diverse communities among the distributed biospecimens. In this article, the authors review the 35-year history of this network, describe changes to the program over the last 15 years, and provide operational and scientific highlights from each of the divisions. Readers will learn how to engage with the network and about the continued evolution of the program for the future.
Data from A Novel Autologous CAR-T Therapy, YTB323, with Preserved T-cell Stemness Shows Enhanced CAR T-cell Efficacy in Preclinical and Early Clinical Development
Authors: Dickinson Michael J. , Barba Pere , Jäger Ulrich , Shah Nirav N. , Blaise Didier , Briones Javier , Shune Leyla , Boissel Nicolas , Bondanza Attilio , Mariconti Luisa , Marchal Anne-Laure , Quinn David S. , Yang Jennifer , Price Andrew , Sohoni Akash , Treanor Louise M. , Orlando Elena J. , Mataraza Jennifer , Davis Jaclyn , Lu Darlene , Zhu Xu , Engels Boris , Moutouh-de Parseval Laure , Brogdon Jennifer L. , Moschetta Michele , Flinn Ian W.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
CAR T-cell product quality and stemness (Tstem) are major determinants of in vivo expansion, efficacy, and clinical response. Prolonged ex vivo culturing is known to deplete Tstem, affecting clinical outcome. YTB323, a novel autologous CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy expressing the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, is manufactured using a next-generation platform in <2 days. Here, we report the preclinical development and preliminary clinical data of YTB323 in adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL; NCT03960840). In preclinical mouse models, YTB323 exhibited enhanced in vivo expansion and antitumor activity at lower doses than traditionally manufactured CAR T cells. Clinically, at doses 25-fold lower than tisagenlecleucel, YTB323 showed (i) promising overall safety [cytokine release syndrome (any grade, 35%; grade ≥3, 6%), neurotoxicity (any grade, 25%; grade ≥3, 6%)]; (ii) overall response rates of 75% and 80% for DL1 and DL2, respectively; (iii) comparable CAR T-cell expansion; and (iv) preservation of T-cell phenotype. Current data support the continued development of YTB323 for r/r DLBCL.
Significance:
Traditional CAR T-cell manufacturing requires extended ex vivo cell culture, reducing naive and stem cell memory T-cell populations and diminishing antitumor activity. YTB323, which expresses the same validated CAR as tisagenlecleucel, can be manufactured in <2 days while retaining T-cell stemness and enhancing clinical activity at a 25-fold lower dose.
Transformational leadership and teacher well-being: A systematic review
Authors: Meidelina Olga , Saleh Airin Yustikarini , Cathlin Cintya Amelia , Winesa Sekar Aulia
Published: July 2023

Teachers play a significant role and face diverse challenges everyday, therefore escalating the research of teacher well-being and its factors, with leadership being one of them. This review aims to summarize the findings focusing on the differences and teacher’s perspectives on teacher well-being and transformational leadership in schools. The review consists of peer reviewed articles from 2012 to 2021, with kindergarten to high school teachers as participants. Several databases were used, which are Scopus, Science Direct, PsycInfo, World of Science (WoS) Journal, PubMed, SAGE journals, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), and Garuda. Articles were selected using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and 10 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies showed that transformational leadership positively correlated with teacher well-being. Research regarding the efficiency of transformational leadership’s each aspect in increasing teacher well-being can be interesting to study in the future.
Examining the Acceptance of Automated Piggery Cleaner System Using UTAUT Model for Hog Business in the Philippines
Authors: Bacalso Fritz , Rendon Irvin Paul , Campita Rose Ann , Mobo Froilan D. , Cutillas Anesito
Published: July 2023

This study examines the acceptance of automated piggery cleaner systems in the hog business in the Philippines using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. It investigates piggery owners’ perceptions and attitudes toward adopting this technology and its potential impact on cleaning practices, hygiene standards, and productivity. A survey questionnaire was administered to 50 piggery owners in Cebu, Philippines, employing a mixed-methods approach. The analysis reveals that piggery owners generally hold positive perceptions and attitudes towards automated piggery cleaner systems, recognizing their potential benefits in enhancing productivity, efficiency, and career advantages. Factors influencing acceptance, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence, were explored. Although the correlation analysis does not show significant relationships between UTAUT constructs and behavioral intention, it emphasizes considering other factors like subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. The findings have important implications for the hog business in the Philippines. Embracing automated piggery cleaner systems can improve cleaning practices, enhance hygiene standards, prevent disease outbreaks, and increase productivity. Collaborative efforts among piggery owners, industry associations, and technology providers are recommended to address concerns and barriers, including providing training and support, ensuring compatibility, and emphasizing voluntary adoption. This study offers valuable insights for pig farmers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers, enabling the adoption of innovative technologies and achieving sustainable and efficient pig farming practices in the Philippines.