bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cooperação Intelectual no fórum das Conferências Pan-Americanas
Authors: Guedes Maria Tarcila Ferreira
Published: July 2024

Este artigo busca elaborar uma análise sobre a vinculação entre as Conferências Pan-Americanas, organização que deu origem a OEA, e o patrimônio cultural com foco nas discussões empreendidas nas assembleias interamericanas realizadas em 1923, 1928 e 1933 entre os países signatários. Contribui também para mostrar a relevância da participação brasileira em um fórum latino-americano em que a discussão de temas relacionados a preservação  e a conservação dos “monumentos” dos países do continente americano foram foco de deliberações e recomendações que contribuíram na institucionalização do tema, onde a cooperação intelectual exerceu um ponto chave de interconexão com o Instituto de Cooperação Intelectual, atual UNESCO.
E.F. Perus Pirapora: personagens, posicionamentos e conflitos no processo de tombamento estadual (São Paulo/SP)
Authors: Moraes Ewerton Henrique , De Oliveira Eduardo Romero
Published: July 2024

O processo de tombamento estadual da E.F. Perus Pirapora registra ao longo de seu andamento diversas opiniões e interesses distintos entre os personagens, divergências e conflitos não solucionados mesmo após a definição de reconhecimento. As opiniões divergentes identificadas e suas possíveis relações com o posterior abandono do bem justificam os esforços de investigação. Resultado de discussões travadas ao longo da elaboração de iniciação científica e trabalho de conclusão de curso na temática de patrimônio industrial, este artigo identifica personagens e conflitos presentes no tombamento 21.273/80. Entendemos esta identificação como possível subsidio para reflexões sobre valores, usos e gestão do bem tombado. Entre os métodos destacamos as pesquisas documentais e entrevistas com as partes envolvidas no processo de reconhecimento do bem. O processo 21.273/80 foi o foco de nossa investigação e tomado como registro oficial de posicionamentos e interesses dos personagens. A pesquisa conclui que os conflitos entre solicitante e proprietário limitaram a eficácia da ferramenta do tombamento, culminando em abandono e degradação do acervo tombado. Identificamos também a presença positiva do Poder Público, neste caso representado pela Secretaria de Cultura do Estado de São Paulo e CONDEPHAAT, na gestão de conflitos e ações para salvaguarda da E.F. Perus Pirapora.
Arquitetura eclética de Caetano Casaretto em Pelotas/RS
Authors: Daltoé Guilherme
Published: July 2024

Esta investigação teve foco na produção profissional do construtor de origem italiana Caetano Casaretto. O estudo da obra deste construtor tem como objetivo conhecer a arquitetura com influência italiana desenvolvida na cidade de Pelotas/RS no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e início do XX. A metodologia utilizada para inventariar estes projetos foi o Sistema Integrado de Conhecimento e Gestão, desenvolvido pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Através deste levantamento foi possível conhecer as características encontradas nos projetos de suas construções. Neste estudo, foram inventariados 74 projetos desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1893 e 1920, arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Urbanismo. Pode-se compreender a totalidade da obra de um importante arquiteto pelotense, até então muito reconhecido por apenas alguns de seus principais projetos. O presente estudo permite não apenas conhecer o legado de Caetano Casaretto, como também poderá servir de base para futuros estudos.
Acervos sistematizados e informação disponível: a fotografia sobre o trabalho no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil
Authors: Michelon Francisca Ferreira
Published: July 2024

O projeto de pesquisa As funções e os sentidos do registro fotográfico sobre o trabalho, durante o século XX, no Rio Grande do Sul, lotado no Departamento de Museologia, Conservação e Restauro do Instituto de Ciências Humanas da UFPel realizou levantamento em coleções e acervos fotográficos em várias instituições do Estado no qual a temática sobre o trabalho pudesse estar presente, assim identificada ou não. Um dos resultados foi localizar o que há nas instituições de documentação e memória e observar o tratamento de conservação e disponibilização dos acervos, com vista a estabelecer um catálogo de identificação. O recorte temporal abrange aspectos técnicos das possibilidades que a fotografia adquiriu a partir do desenvolvimento da emulsão fotoquímica com meio ligante em gelatina (inventada no século XIX, mas dominante, pela sua funcionalidade, a partir do seguinte). O projeto pretendeu conceituar, de forma expandida e a partir da empiria, o que é a fotografia do trabalho no Rio Grande do Sul, no século no qual se estabeleceu e se extinguiu um processo de registro visual cujo fundamento foi o da analogia. O trabalho permitiu observar o exercício de práticas que são reflexos das políticas institucionais e que redundam sobre a conservação desses acervos.
Partidos políticos, democracias e outras coisas
Authors: Dos Santos Diego
Published: July 2024

Em publicações anteriores, apresentei dados sobre partidos brasileiros, especialmente no que concerne aos temas organização interna e estruturação normativa. Contudo, especificamente na questão da democracia intrapartidária, sempre quis elaborar um texto mais livre, no qual fossem expostas várias reflexões sobre o tema, mas sem a obrigatoriedade do formato rígido de um artigo científico. Eis a oportunidade, embora, pessoalmente, considere que não tenha sido totalmente bem-sucedido em abandonar a estrutura dos artigos. Enfim, a seguir apresento algumas considerações sobre conceitos de democracia, sobre o tema democracia intrapartidária e, colateralmente, sobre estabilização democrática no contemporâneo.
Multilateralismo em convenções globais e ambientais considerando o Aquífero Guarani
Authors: Dos Santos Junior Edson
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo levanta questões a serem investigadas em uma análise sobre a importância do multilateralismo para o estabelecimento das convenções globais e ambientais, tendo em vista a disponibilidade e acesso à água potável. Neste sentido, consideramos a mobilização dos povos indígenas no contexto da exploração do Aquífero Guarani e realizamos uma breve análise em torno da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima e do capítulo 18 da Agenda 21 Global, ambos estabelecidos a partir da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, no Rio de Janeiro, em 1992. Assim, considerando a água como um recurso fundamental cuja base para ação encontra-se sob a influência desses documentos, e dado que ainda não existe uma convenção global sobre o acesso universal dos povos à água, concluímos que os povos guarani possuem destaque nos processos decisórios em relação a esse aquífero, inclusive em termos políticos e econômicos.
State- and circuit-dependent opponent-processing of fear
Authors: Yau Joanna Oi-Yue , Li Amy , Abdallah Lauren , Lisowksi Leszek , McNally Gavan P.
Published: July 2024

The presence of valence coding neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that form distinct projections to other brain regions implies functional opposition between aversion and reward during learning. However, evidence for opponent interactions in fear learning is sparse and may only be apparent under certain conditions. Here we test this possibility by studying the roles of the BLA→central amygdala (CeA) and BLA→nucleus accumbens (Acb) pathways in fear learning in male rats. First, we assessed the organisation of these pathways in the rat brain. BLA→CeA and BLA→Acb pathways were largely segregated in the BLA but shared overlapping molecular profiles. Then we assessed activity of the BLA→CeA and BLA→Acb pathways during two different forms of fear learning - fear learning in a neutral context and fear learning in a reward context. BLA → CeA neurons were robustly recruited by footshock regardless of where fear learning occurred whereas recruitment of BLA→Acb neurons was state-dependent because footshock only recruited this pathway in a reward context. Finally, we assessed the causal roles of activity in these pathways in fear learning. Photoinhibition of the BLA→CeA pathway during the footshock US impaired fear learning, regardless of where fear learning occurred. In contrast, photoinhibition of the BLA→Acb pathway augmented fear learning, but only in the reward context. Taken together, our findings show circuit- and state-dependent opponent processing of fear. Footshock activity in the BLA → Acb pathway limits how much fear is learned.

Significance StatementHere we identify a fear opponent process in the brain. We show that an aversive event can recruit distinct populations of neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. One population projects to the central amygdala to promote fear learning. A second population projects to the nucleus accumbens to oppose fear learning. These nucleus accumbens projecting neurons limit how much fear is learned and are candidates for therapeutic targeting to minimize the amount of fear learned after a traumatic experience.
METHOD FOR VISUALIZING COMPLEX OBJECTS REPRESENTING A COMPOSITION OF VOLUMES AND FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED SURFACES
Authors: ВЯТКИН С.И. , ДОЛГОВЕСОВ Б.С.
Published: July 2024

Предложен метод визуализации сложных объектов, представляющих композицию объёмов и функционально заданные поверхности, с применением графических процессоров. В методе используются иерархические 3D -структуры данных, не требующие параметризации. Описываются объединения сложных полупрозрачных объёмов и поверхностей на основе функций возмущения.

A method for visualizing complex objects representing a composition of volumes and functionally defined surfaces using graphics processors is proposed. The method uses hierarchical 3D data structures that do not require parameterization. Combinations of complex translucent volumes and surfaces based on perturbation functions are described.
HOMOGENEOUS ARRAY OF NANOPITS ON THE SURFACE OF INALAS LAYERS GROWN BY THE MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY ON AN INP (001) SUBSTRATE
Authors: ГУЛЯЕВ Д.В. , ДМИТРИЕВ Д.В. , ТОРОПОВ А.И. , ПОНОМАРЕВ С.А. , ЖУРАВЛЕВ К.С.
Published: July 2024

В представленной работе исследована морфология поверхности слоёв InAlAs при отклонении от решёточно-согласованного состава с подложкой InP. Продемонстрирована возможность формирования массива однородных по размерам и форме наноямок на поверхности слоя InAlAs. Показана линейная зависимость между размерами ямок на поверхности слоя InAlAs и его толщиной.

In this work, the surface morphology of InAlAs layers deviating from the lattice-matched composition with an InP substrate is studied. A linear relationship is shown between the dimensions of the pits and the thickness of the grown layer. The possibility of forming an array of nanopits uniform in size and shape on the surface of an InAlAs layer is demonstrated.
VERTICAL NANOWIRE SHAPE MODIFICATION DURING ANNEALING
Authors: НАСТОВЬЯК А.Г. , ШВАРЦ Н.Л.
Published: July 2024

Выполнен численный расчёт изменения формы вертикальных нанопроволок в процессе отжига за счёт реадсорбции вещества, испаряемого с соседних проволок и подложки. Расчёт проводился в соответствии с моделью испарения из набора сферически-симметричных источников и моделью Кнудсена - Ламберта. Проанализировано влияние на форму нанопроволок аспектного отношения длины проволок к расстоянию между ними и скоростей испарения материала с боковой поверхности нанопроволок и с подложки.

Vertical nanowire shape modification during the annealing process due to the readsorption of the material evaporated from neighboring wires and from the substrate are numerically calculated. The evaporation model from a set of isotropic point sources and the Knudsen-Lambert model are applied. The effects of the aspect ratio of the nanowire length to the distance between them and the material evaporation rate from the nanowire sidewall and the substrate on the nanowire shape are analyzed.
SPECTRAL COMPOSITION OF MICROWAVE SIGNALS AT THE OUTPUT OF A MIXER BASED ON A FIBER ELECTRO-OPTICAL INTENSITY MODULATOR
Authors: ВЛАДИМИРОВ В.М. , РЕУШЕВ М.Ю. , ДРЕВИН К.А.
Published: July 2024

Исследовано влияние работы преобразователя частоты на основе электрооптического модулятора типа Маха - Цендера на спектр частот выходного сигнала в режиме down-конверсии. Показано, что модулятор не вносит существенных изменений в распределение спектральной плотности мощности преобразованного сигнала, включая фазовый шум, по сравнению с сигналом на входе модулятора.

The effect of operation of a frequency converter based on an electro-optical Mach-Zehnder type modulator on the frequency spectrum of the output signal in the down-conversion mode has been studied. It is shown that the modulator does not introduce significant changes in the distribution of the power spectral density of the converted signal, including phase noise, compared to the signal at the input of the modulator.
AFM VISUALIZATION OF CONDUCTIVITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF BCX-FILM SURFACE OBTAINED BY SLD METHOD
Authors: ЗИНИН П.В. , БЫКОВ А.А. , РОМАНОВ Р.И. , КОРНЕЕВА А.А. , АНДРЕЕВ А.В. , БЕЛЫХ А.Ю. , КРАСНОБОРОДЬКО С.Ю. , КУКУШКИН В.А.
Published: July 2024

Материалы с нестандартными физическими свойствами широко востребованы в разных областях науки и техники, начиная от микроэлектроники и заканчивая тяжёлыми промышленными установками. В своё время международными научными коллективами проведены математические расчёты, показывающие, что наиболее перспективными являются соединения B-C-структур, которые при определённых внешних условиях и соотношениях концентраций обладают сильными химическими sp2- и sp3-связями. Таким материалам характерна высокая твёрдость, стойкость к агрессивным средам, а также возникает свойство электропроводности. Данная работа направлена на синтез и исследование углеродсодержащих плёнок ВСx . Представлены результаты измерения тонкой плёнки BC5. Получены спектральные характеристики плёнки, данные о толщине её слоя, проводимости и составе при помощи рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии.

Materials with non-standard physical properties are widely used in various fields of science and technology, from microelectronics to heavy industrial installations. International scientific teams carried out mathematical calculations showing that the most promising compounds of B-C structures, which have strong chemical sp2- and sp3-bonds under certain external conditions and concentration ratios. Such materials are characterized by high hardness, resistance to aggressive media, and electrical conductivity. This study is aimed at synthesizing and investigating carbon-containing BCx films. The paper presents the results of measuring a thin BC5 film. The spectral characteristics of the film, data on the layer thickness, conductivity, and composition of the film are obtained using X-ray, Raman, and photoelectron spectroscopy.
SHS COMPACTIFICATION OF TITANIUM NICKELIDE: MECHANICAL ACTIVATION, COMBUSTION, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES
Authors: БОГАТОВ Ю.В. , ЩЕРБАКОВ В.А. , ЧУЕВ И.И.
Published: July 2024

Проведенное исследование относится к работам по получению консолидированных материалов методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) с последующим компактированием горячих продуктов (СВС-компактирование). Методом СВС-компактирования механически активированных смесей порошков Ni и Ti получены беспористые образцы никелида титана диаметром 70 мм и толщиной 8 мм. Горение смеси Ni + Ti проводили в реакционной пресс-форме без предварительного нагрева и защитной среды. Исследовано влияние механоактивации в шаровой мельнице на характеристики смесей и параметры горения. Анализ микроструктурных характеристик показал, что увеличение реакционной способности МА-смесей Ni + Ti и осуществление экзотермического взаимодействия в режиме СВС обусловлены уменьшением размера кристаллитов в частицах Ni, увеличением в них плотности дислокаций и образованием композитных частиц Ti—Ni. Максимальная температура горения реакционной смеси — 1 150 °C, средняя скорость горения — 3.5 см/с. Основными фазами синтезированного сплава являются Ti2Ni, NiTi и Ni3Ti. Прочность образцов при сжатии — 1 350 МПа, микротвердость по Виккерсу — 11.1 ± 1.2 ГПа.

The conducted research relates to the works on obtaining consolidated materials by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with subsequent compaction of hot products (SHS compaction). By the method of SHS compaction of mechanically activated mixtures of Ni and Ti powders, pore-free samples of titanium nickelide with a diameter of 70 mm and a thickness of 8 mm were obtained. The combustion of the Ni + Ti mixture was carried out in a reaction mold without preliminary heating and a protective environment. The effect of mechanical activation in a ball mill on the characteristics of the mixtures and the combustion parameters was studied. The analysis of the microstructural characteristics showed that an increase in the reactivity of Ni + Ti MA mixtures and the implementation of exothermic interaction in the SHS mode are due to a decrease in the crystallite size in Ni particles, an increase in the dislocation density in them and the formation of composite Ti–Ni particles. The maximum combustion temperature of the reaction mixture is 1150 °C, the average combustion velocity is 3.5 cm/s. The main phases of the synthesized alloy are Ti2Ni, NiTi and Ni3Ti. The compressive strength of the samples is 1350 MPa, the Vickers microhardness is 11.1±1.2 GPa. Keywords: SHS COMPACTION, MECHANICAL ACTIVATION, TITANIUM NICKELIDE,
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR CALCULATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OXYGENATED HYDROCARBON FUEL
Authors: ЦАПЕНКОВ К.Д. , КУРАЕВА Ю.Г. , СИДОРОВА Е.И. , ШТЫРЛОВ А.Е. , ЗУБРИЛИН И.А.
Published: July 2024

Авиационные двигатели являются источником значительных выбросов парниковых газов, в частности CO2. В связи с ужесточением норм эмиссии ведутся поиски путей сокращения выбросов CO2 авиацией. Одним из наиболее перспективных путей достижения этой цели является применение топлив из возобновляемых источников, например из растительного сырья. Для моделирования рабочего процесса камер сгорания авиационных двигателей при сжигании биотоплив и их смесей с нефтяными топливами требуется знание физико-химических свойств таких топлив. В данной работе проведен обзор существующих методик расчета физико-химических свойств кислородсодержащих биотоплив, включающих в себя эфиры, спирты и кетоны. Представленные методики валидированы на веществах, выступающих в качестве биодобавок к авиационному топливу, и проанализированы с точки зрения точности расчета и простоты их применения для исследования рабочего процесса в камерах сгорания.

Aircraft engines are a source of significant greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2. Due to the tightening of emission standards, ways to reduce CO2 emissions from aviation are being sought. One of the most promising ways to achieve this goal is the use of fuels from renewable sources, such as plant materials. To simulate the working process of combustion chambers of aircraft engines when burning biofuels and their mixtures with petroleum fuels, knowledge of the physicochemical properties of such fuels is required. This paper provides a review of existing methods for calculating the physicochemical properties of oxygen-containing biofuels, including esters, alcohols and ketones. The presented methods are validated on substances acting as bioadditives to aviation fuel and analyzed in terms of calculation accuracy and ease of use for studying the working process in combustion chambers.
EFFECT OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON SOOT FORMATION IN ENGINES AND POWER PLANTS
Authors: ЦАПЕНКОВ К.Д. , КУРАЕВА Ю.Г. , СИДОРОВА Е.И. , ШТЫРЛОВ А.Е. , ЗУБРИЛИН И.А.
Published: July 2024

Представлен обзор литературы по теме образования сажи при сжигании топлив из биокомпонентов. В обзоре содержатся краткие сведения о механизмах образования сажи, этапах ее образования и факторах, влияющих на этот процесс. Проведен анализ представителей различных групп оксигенированных биотоплив с точки зрения их влияния на уровень сажеобразования. Приведены общепринятые характеристики уровня выбросов сажи для углеводородных топлив, представлены их преимущества и недостатки.

A review of the literature on the topic of soot formation during combustion of fuels from biocomponents is presented. The review contains brief information on the mechanisms of soot formation, the stages of its formation and the factors influencing this process. An analysis of representatives of various groups of oxygenated biofuels is carried out in terms of their influence on the level of soot formation. Generally accepted characteristics of the level of soot emissions for hydrocarbon fuels are given, their advantages and disadvantages are presented.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AND LIMITS OF STABLE COMBUSTION OF A MULTICOMPONENT HYDROGEN-CONTAINING FUEL IN COUNTERCURRENT SWIRLING FLOW
Authors: КОМОВА О.В. , ГУРЬЯНОВ А.И. , ЕВДОКИМОВ О.А.
Published: July 2024

Проведено экспериментальное исследование бедных и сверхбедных режимов горения многокомпонентного водородсодержащего топлива в закрученном течении в условиях аэродинамического противотока. В качестве объекта исследования выбран противоточный горелочный модуль, позволяющий организовать диффузионно-кинетическое горение смеси метана и многокомпонентного водородсодержащего газа в различных концентрационных соотношениях. Экспериментально установлено, что добавка многокомпонентного топлива к метану позволяет расширить диапазон устойчивого горения бедных смесей и обеспечивает сокращение эмиссии загрязняющих компонентов в продуктах сгорания. Эти результаты могут быть использованы для повышения эффективности, безопасности и увеличения срока службы камер сгорания газотурбинных двигателей и энергетических установок.

The paper presents an experimental study of the lean and ultra-lean combustion modes of a multicomponent hydrogen-containing fuel in swirling flow under aerodynamic counterflow conditions. A counterflow burner unit was used to implement diffusion-kinetic combustion of a mixture of methane and a multicomponent hydrogen-containing gas in different concentration ratios. The experiments show that the addition of the multicomponent fuel to methane extends the range of stable combustion of lean mixtures and provides a reduction in the emission of polluting components in combustion products. These results can be used to increase the efficiency, safety, and service life of combustion chambers of gas turbine engines and power plants.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE FLAME FLASHBACK IN A METHANE-HYDROGEN FUEL USED IN COMBUSTORS OF GAS-TURBINE ENGINES AND PROPULSION FACILITIES
Authors: ИДРИСОВ Д.В. , МАТВЕЕВ С.С. , ГУРАКОВ Н.И. , ЛИТАРОВА А.А. , КОЛОМЗАРОВ О.В. , САВЧЕНКОВА А.С. , ПОПОВ А.Д.
Published: July 2024

Проведено расчетно-экспериментальное исследование границ проскока пламени при горении предварительно подготовленного метановодородного топлива в вихревом горелочном устройстве с закруткой потока, а также в модельной камере сгорания, являющейся прототипом используемых малоэмиссионных камер сгорания с предварительной подготовкой смеси. В результате проведенных исследований выработаны рекомендации, применение которых позволяет определить проскок пламени с погрешностью, не превышающей ±5 %. Эти результаты могут быть использованы для повышения точности определения границ проскока пламени при горении метановодородного топлива на этапе предварительного проектирования камер сгорания авиационных газотурбинных двигателей и энергетических установок.

A comprehensive numerical and experimental study of the flame flashback boundaries in combustion of a premixed methane-hydrogen flame in a vortex burner with flow swirling and also in a model combustor, which is a prototype of low-emission combustors with fuel premixing is performed. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are given, which allow the flame flashback to be determined with an error smaller than ±5%. These results can be used to increase the accuracy of determining the flame flashback in combustion of the methane-hydrogen fuel at the stage of preliminary design of combustors for aviation gas-turbine engines and propulsion facilities.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE ACETONITRILE REACTION WITH THE METHINE RADICAL
Authors: КРИКУНОВА Л.И. , КУЗНЕЦОВА А.А. , ПОРФИРЬЕВ Д.П. , АЗЯЗОВ В.Н. , МЕБЕЛЬ А.М.
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты теоретического исследования реакции метинового радикала (CH) с ацетонитрилом (CH3CN) — потенциально важного шага на пути к образованию гетероциклических азотсодержащих молекул в межзвездной среде и в атмосферах планет. Построен профиль поверхности потенциальной энергии, описывающий механизм образования как линейных, так и циклических продуктов. Геометрии, частоты колебаний и значения относительной энергии найденных структур определены с использованием явно коррелированного метода связанных кластеров и теории функционала плотности CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-f12//ωB97xd/cc-pVTZ. В рамках теории Райса — Рамспергера — Касселя — Маркуса рассчитаны константы скорости и коэффициенты ветвления продуктов реакции в условиях глубокого космоса, соответствующих пределу нулевого давления при различных энергиях столкновения. Обнаружено, что относительные выходы продуктов реакции зависят от начального аддукта реакции.

Results of a theoretical study of the methine radical (CH) with acetonitrile (CH3CN), which is a potentially important step in the formation of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing molecules in the interstellar space and planetary atmospheres, are presented. A profile of the potential energy surface is constructed, which describes the mechanism of the formation of both linear and cyclic products. The geometry, frequency of oscillations, and relative energy of the resultant structures are determined with the use of the explicitly correlated coupled cluster method and the density functional theory CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-f12//ωB97xd/cc-pVTZ. Within the framework of the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory, rate constants and branching coefficients of reaction products are calculated under the conditions of deep space corresponding to the limit of zero pressure for various impact energies. It is found that the relative yields of reaction products depend on the initial adduct of the reaction.
MODELING OF A TURBULENT DIFFUSION FLAME OF PROPANE BY MEANS OF LARGE EDDY SIMULATION
Authors: ГУРАКОВ Н.И. , ПОПОВ А.Д. , СЕМЕНИХИН А.С. , ЧЕЧЕТ И.В. , АНИСИМОВ М.Ю. , МАТВЕЕВ С.Г.
Published: July 2024

Реализована методика моделирования турбулентного горения на примере диффузионного факела пропана. Проведены генерация и последующая проверка достаточности размеров элементов сетки на предмет их соответствия критериям масштаба турбулентности, необходимого для моделирования методом LES. Приведены результаты численного моделирования распределения температуры при горении диффузионного факела пропана с использованием подходов RANS и LES в трехмерной постановке, выполнена валидация расчетной модели по основным и промежуточным продуктам сгорания. Данные LES-расчета по распределению температуры в зоне горения намного лучше согласуются с экспериментальными данными по сравнению с аналогичными результатами RANS-расчета, а валидация модели на основе LES-подхода подтверждена посредством анализа расчетных и экспериментальных данных по основным и промежуточным продуктам сгорания. Осредненные расчетные параметры турбулентного горения диффузионного факела пропана могут быть использованы для определения методом кинетического моделирования с детальной химической кинетикой наиболее сложных продуктов неполного сгорания топлива, например полициклических ароматических углеводородов.

A method of modeling turbulent combustion is implemented by an example of the diffusion flame of propane. A grid is generated, and tests are performed to verify that the grid element size is sufficient to satisfy criteria of the turbulence scale needed for large eddy simulation (LES). Results of numerical modeling of the temperature distribution during combustion of a diffusion flame of propane obtained by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and LES approaches in a three-dimensional formulation are presented, and the numerical model is validated in terms of the main and intermediate combustion products. LES results for the temperature distribution in the combustion zone agree much better with experimental data than RANS predictions, and model validation based on the LES approach is confirmed by the analysis of numerical and experimental data on the main and intermediate combustion products. The averaged numerical parameters of turbulent combustion of the diffusion flame of propane can be used for determining the most complicated products of incomplete combustion of the fuel, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by means of kinetic modeling with detailed chemical kinetics.
COMPLEX PANORAMIC MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING OF COMBUSTION ON A TEST RIG
Authors: БЕЗРУКОВ Д.В. , ВЛАСЕНКО В.В. , МОРОЗОВ А.Н. , НОЗДРАЧЕВ А.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты применения разработанной многоканальной панорамной системы визуализации потока с горением в модельном канале на экспериментальном стенде. Основной акцент сделан на принципах работы компонентов системы визуализации, особенностях их выбора, требованиях к системе и параметрам ее компонентов. Отмечены достоинства и недостатки разработанной многоканальной системы визуализации. Представлены возможные способы модернизации ее компонентов с целью более точного описания процессов горения.

The results of using the developed multichannel panoramic flow imaging system with combustion in a model channel on a test rig. The main emphasis is on the principles of operation of imaging system components, features of their choice, and requirements to the system and parameters of its components. The advantages and disadvantages of the developed multi-channel imaging system are discussed. Possible ways to modify its components in order to more accurately describe combustion are presented.
Voxel-based modular architectural design strategy toward autonomous architecture
Authors: Luo Jianing , Yu Boyuan , Li Yangzhi , Shi Yi , Fingrut Adam
Published: July 2024

Rapid urbanization has led to resource shortages, necessitating sustainable approaches in the building industry. This research proposes a preliminary voxel-based modular-architectural design strategy (VMADS), focusing on reusable “H” blocks for component connections and construction. By integrating computational design and robotic fabrication, VMADS enhances precision and efficiency. The framework addresses discrete building theory, prefabrication, and autonomous architecture, emphasizing wood’s anisotropic nature for structural integrity. Experimental results validated VMADS through digital simulations and physical tests, demonstrating its potential to create sustainable, reconfigurable structures and revolutionize construction practices.
Optimizing the extraction of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai to develop natural cosmetics with antioxidant and whitening activities
Authors: Han Eun-Hye , Kim Hyeyun , Jo Jaemin , Lee Su-Yeon , Koo Bonwook
Published: July 2024

Optimization of the extraction procedure was performed to enhance the antioxidant activity and whitening effect of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extract using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design, a component of RSM, was utilized to optimize and validate the ethanol extract for antioxidant activity and the hot water extract for the whitening effect, respectively. Activities of antioxidant and whitening were determined by DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition assays. The antioxidant activity was notably influenced by ethanol concentration (p = 0.0344) more than other factors. The optimal conditions for the antioxidant effect were 54% ethanol concentration, 52 °C, and 3 h extraction time, yielding an antioxidant activity of 83.65±1.56%. On the other hand, the whitening effect was significantly impacted by ultrasonic irradiation time (p = 0.0175) compared to other factors. The optimal conditions for whitening were 41 °C, 1:19 of sample-to-solvent ratio, and 8 min of ultrasonic irradiation, achieving a tyrosinase inhibition activity of 51.00±1.80%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted to identify compounds such as tricin with antioxidant activity and p-coumaric acid, arbutin with whitening effect under the optimized conditions. The results suggest that the optimized extracts from S. quelpaertensis could be utilized as beneficial cosmeceutical materials.
Project Spotlight: NEXT beams meet constraints of Sand Hill Bridge
Authors: Fister Gale Sarah
Published: July 2024

The new Sand Hill Bridge over the Middlebury River in Middlebury, Vt., had to be built as quickly as possible to minimize effects on traffic because there was no place to add a temporary bridge and the nearest alternate route was 30 mi (50 km) away. The designers chose a precast concrete design using north-east extreme tee (NEXT) beams to meet these constraints. J. P. Carrara and Sons, was chosen as the precaster for the project.
Project Spotlight: New precast concrete dock revives local economy
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: July 2024

The Neah Bay, Wash., fish dock is vital to the economy of the Makah tribe. BergerABAM elected to use precast concrete for the new dock and trestle. The completed structure included 116 haunched deck panels, thirty-two 3 × 6 ft (0.9 × 1.8 m) channel beams, 30 dock pile caps, 8 trestle pile caps, and 1 abutment pile cap. It contains four precast concrete stormwater- and wastewater- retention vaults on the dock and two stormwater-retention vaults on the trestle. Concrete Technology Corp., the precaster, is located in Tacoma, Wash.
Project Spotlight: Bridgeport Hospital parking structure meets challenges of expansion
Authors: Fister Gale Sarah
Published: July 2024

Blakeslee Prestress Inc., the precaster for the new Bridgeport Hospital parking structure in Connecticut, used three-dimensional models to help overcome site challenges. The aesthetics of the Bridgeport Hospital parking structure in demonstrate that precast concrete can be both useful and attractive.
Project Spotlight: Andersons build first prestressed concrete structure in the United States
Authors: Fister Gale Sarah
Published: July 2024

After returning from a trip to Europe to tour prestressed concrete plants, Concrete Technology Corp. constructed the first prestressed concrete building anywhere in the United States. Concrete Technology Corp. in Tacoma, Wash., is now considered the pioneer of the precast/prestressed concrete industry in the United States.
Project Spotlight: Precast concrete tepees a piece of Americana in South Dakota
Authors: Atkinson William
Published: July 2024

The Interstates 90 and 29 tepees at rest areas in South Dakota have been around as long as 50 years without need of repair or maintenance. Gage Brothers constructed the precast concrete tepees that architect Ward Whitwam designed.
Synthetic Financial Data: A Case Study Regarding Polish Limited Liability Companies Data
Authors: Szymura Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Aim: The aim of this article was to present and evaluate the concept of synthetic data. They are completely new, artificially generated data, but keep the statistical properties of real data. Due to the statistical similarity with real data, they can be used instead of them. This action allows data to be shared externally while guaranteeing their privacy. Methodology: New datasets were generated based on financial information about Polish limited liability companies, which come from the Orbis database and refer to 2020. To create synthetic data, it was decided to use generative models: CTGAN (based on GAN architecture) and TVAE (based on autoencoders). Lastly, the synthetic data were compared with the real ones in terms of statistical properties (e.g. shape of distributions, correlations etc.) and their applicability in data analysis (the PCA method). Results: The Overall Quality Score was higher for the data generated by TVAE, but after examining the results in more detail, it was seen that the data generated by CTGAN had a better quality in terms of keeping the statistical properties of the real data. Comparing the results of the PCA method, TVAE was better than CTGAN. In addition, the TVAE method was less time-consuming than CTGAN. Implications and recommendations: Before publishing the synthetic data externally, it is recommended that the data are generated using several algorithms, evaluating their final results and finally selecting the best option. This action enables the resulting dataset to be of the highest quality. In further research, it is proposed that other algorithms are tested (e.g. CopulaGAN or TableGAN), in an attempt to deal with some of the realistic data problems that were missed in this analysis, such as missing values (the work was carried out with a complete dataset). Data generated in this study may be used to build financial indicators, which in turn could be used to construct company assessment models. Originality/value: Synthetic data help to deal with some of the data limitations, such as data privacy or scarcity. Due to their statistical similarity with real data, it is possible to use them in advanced machine learning methods instead of real datasets. Analysis on high quality synthetic data allows conclusions similar to analysis on real data to be achieved, while retaining privacy and without publishing sensitive data to third parties.
Predicting Price Trends in the Wheat Market Using Technical Analysis Indicators
Authors: Oktaba Paweł , Grzywińska-Rąpca Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trend of wheat prices using technical analysis indicators. Methodology: Selected technical analysis indicators were used to determine price trends. The parameters of two technical analysis indicators, modified from their default settings, were used to forecast price trends. The Parabolic Stop and Reversal (SAR) indicator, which is a valued trend indicator, was chosen. The second indicator used was the Relative Strength Index (RSI) oscillator, which is also popular with proponents of technical analysis. The data source used to forecast wheat price trends was information from the MetaTrader5 trading platform. Results: The research analysis of the applied strategies shows that it is possible to realistically predict price trends on the wheat quotation market. There were two forecasts of the future price movement of wheat based on the indications of the indicators: (1) an indication to go long (in which case the investor should not expect a change in the trend) and (2) an indication to go short (both the SAR indicator and the RSI indicated a possible change in the trend to the downside). Implications and recommendations: Based on the analysis conducted in the article, it was concluded that technical analysis tools are useful in predicting prices in the wheat futures market. The conducted analysis indicated that the application of technical analysis in predicting wheat futures prices is effective. Therefore, technical analysis indicators can be considered by investors as a tool to assist in making investment decisions in various markets, including the agricultural products market, and the use of technical analysis in price forecasting seems to be justified in the context of economic and geopolitical changes. Originality/value: Due to the development of research methods and tools, it can be assumed that today's investors are looking for alternatives that allow them to reduce the time needed to gather and analyse market data. The presented approach to forecasting market prices based on technical analysis indicators showed that it can be used by a wider range of market participants than fundamental analysis, which requires more extensive econometric knowledge.
Physiotherapy management of adults with asthma: A survey of New Zealand practice
Authors: Mooney Sarah , Manderson Zoë , Healy Jordyn , Keech Georigia
Published: July 2024

The role of physiotherapy in adult asthma management in New Zealand is unknown. Contemporary guidelines, including NZ Adolescent and Adult Asthma Guidelines (NZA & AAG), make little reference to physiotherapy. An electronic survey was undertaken to explore the role of physiotherapy in New Zealand in the management of adults with asthma, including what assessment and management techniques were used, self-reported confidence in these techniques, and guiding documents that informed practice. Findings from 59 respondents indicated that New Zealand physiotherapists were not only undertaking generic assessment and management techniques but provided a unique physiotherapy-specific role including breathing retraining and airway clearance techniques. Areas of reduced confidence were identified to guide future training and advanced practice. Physiotherapists were also well placed to influence social determinants at a policy level. While the response rate was limited, this study provides a useful insight into physiotherapy practice in New Zealand in the management of adults with asthma and identifies areas for more holistic practice, as well as future professional advancement.
Re-thinking Ex Post Facto Environmental Authorisation in South Africa: Insights from 2022 NEMA Amendment
Authors: Ashukem Jean-Claude N.
Published: July 2024

In 2004, section 24G on ex post facto environmental authorisation was introduced into the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) of 1998 (as amended) to enable developers to get back into the regulatory loop. However, this introduction raised controversies among South African scholars and practitioners alike, despite some adjustments in subsequent amendments - 2008, 2013, and 2014. The argument has been that section 24G is a fait accompli, provides leverage for abuse by potential developers, facilitates environmental non-compliance, and therefore should be considered an anomaly to the constitutional right to an environment that is not harmful to health and well-being. In 2022, the National Environmental Management Laws (NEMAL) Amendment Bill, introduced significant changes to section 24G to drive South Africa's environmental compliance and enforcement regime. In this article, I revisit the question of ex post facto environmental authorisation under section 24G to advance substantive normative and theoretical insight that will attempt to clarify 'the controversial' debate about section 24G. This unique insight is achieved through the methodological combination of systemic analysis of the 2022 amendment of section 24G against previous criticisms of section 24G in tandem with existing literature. I articulate these controversies to provide conceptual direction in academic discourse that earlier criticisms about section 24G are no longer tenable. From these theoretical and analytical understandings, I argue that, unlike previous amendments, the 2022 amendment provides a fundamental radical shift in South Africa's environmental law. Along this line, I advocate for rethinking the "contentious" debate about section 24G and the issue of ex post facto environmental authorisation underpinning it. The legal doctrinal research methodology is used in this article.
À luz da constituição e produção do racismo: a psicologia hospitalar tem cor?
Authors: De Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros , Pereira Karen de Araújo , Neves Maressa Bernardino
Published: July 2024

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho apresenta aspectos de uma observação participante num Hospital Universitário do nível terciário da rede SUS localizado em Vitória, capital da região sudeste do Brasil, durante o primeiro semestre de 2023. Logo, o relato a seguir pretende provocar e incitar a discussão sobre os desafios enfrentados pela psicologia em contexto hospitalar, dentre eles o racismo estrutural impregnado nos corpos e nos gestos que se atualizam naquele estabelecimento. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, de caráter qualitativo, vivido através do acompanhamento da dinâmica hospitalar da clínica cirúrgica e da clínica médica do referido Hospital. O percurso metodológico foi realizado por meio da análise institucional de linhagem francesa, calcada em discussões de orientações do estágio, onde os diários de campo, observações e participações no campo eram semanalmente discutidas. RESULTADOS: Destaca a produção e reafirmação do racismo estrutural no país, que se expressa tanto no trato com pacientes quanto com funcionários e estudantes. A escuta da equipe profissional do hospital é marcada, muitas vezes, por práticas assistencialistas e por processos de exclusão preconceituosos, fazendo-nos indagar: “A psicologia hospitalar tem cor?” CONCLUSÃO: O objetivo da pesquisa foi cumprido e, além disso, relatar essa experiência suscitou ao campo diversas questões como: de que forma colocar em funcionamento uma gestão hospitalar que propicie uma política de compartilhamento de atenção ao paciente entre os equipamentos da atenção?
Proccesuality of Urban Conflicts: Sequence Analysis of Urban Contention in Russia
Authors: Semenov Andrei
Published: July 2024

Urban conflicts are usually analyzed in a spatial way — as claims by several parties to transform the physical or symbolic aspects of urban space. However, conflicts, by definition, unfold not only in space but also in time: as a sequence of interconnected events of a certain duration. In this article, relying on the “sociology of processuality” by Andrew Abbott and the methodology for conflict episodes analysis, I consider one of the temporal dimensions of urban conflicts — the ordering of actions in time (sequencing). The selection of analytical tools for analyzing event sequences is carried out taking into account their key features: the “path dependency” (dependence of the current situation on past states of the process) and “plurisectality” (repetition of the same stages in an episode of conflict). The analysis of urban conflict episodes serves as an instrument that allows to track the interactions between the challengers (active citizens) and the initiators of urban transformation projects (developers or public authorities), with the addition of a “fourth party” acting as a mediator or ally of the main participants in the conflict. The database of urban conflicts in Russian cities with a population of over a million built in accordance with this logic, makes it possible to examine the sequences more closely and conduct an exploratory analysis of its variation. Collected data on 259 conflicts show that there are significant differences between cities and conflict types in average estimates of duration, length and intensity of conflicts. An analysis of the sequences in conflicts over the development of recreational areas and infill development also indicates significant diversity in the content of conflict episodes, but the common denominator is the active role of citizens and public authorities, with a much smaller share of the actions of developers and the fourth party. Half of the sequences are short (up to 5-6 actions), while long episodes with a large number of actions slightly increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome for residents. The study contributes to the discussion on urban conflict patterns and their temporal aspects.