bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation protocol for the evaluation of space-borne lidar particulate back-scattering coefficient bbp
Authors: Vadakke-Chanat Sayoob , Jamet Cédric
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Space-borne lidar measurements from sensors such as CALIOP were recently used to retrieve the particulate back-scattering coefficient, bbp, in the upper ocean layers at a global scale and those observations have a strong potential for the future of ocean color with depth-resolved observations thereby complementing the conventional ocean color remote sensed observations as well as overcoming for some of its limitations. It is critical to evaluate and validate the space-borne lidar measurements for ocean applications as CALIOP was not originally designed for ocean applications. Few validation exercises of CALIOP were published and each exercise designed its own validation protocol. We propose here an objective validation protocol that could be applied to any current and future space-borne lidars for ocean applications.

Methods: We, first, evaluated published validation protocols for CALIOP bbp product. Two published validation schemes were evaluated in our study, by using in-situ measurements from the BGC-Argo floats. These studies were either limited to day- or nighttime, or by the years used or by the geographical extent. We extended the match-up exercise to day-and nighttime observations and for the period 2010–2017 globally. We studied the impact of the time and distance differences between the in-situ measurements and the CALIOP footprint through a sensitivities study. Twenty combinations of distance (from 9-km to 50-km) and time (from 9 h to 16 days) differences were tested.

Results & Discussion: A statistical score was used to objectively selecting the best optimal timedistance windows, leading to the best compromise in term of number of matchups and low errors in the CALIOP product. We propose to use either a 24 h/9 km or 24 h/15 km window for the evaluation of space-borne lidar oceanic products.
The energetic storm particle events of 3 November 2021
Authors: Chiappetta Federica , Laurenza Monica , Lepreti Fabio , Benella Simone , Consolini Giuseppe , Marcucci Maria Federica
Published: July 2023

Observations of energetic particles at interplanetary shocks are important to study acceleration mechanisms and their connection with magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Energetic storm particle (ESP) events are increases in proton fluxes that occur locally at the passage time of interplanetary shocks. These events are more dangerous when they are superimposed on the solar energetic particles (SEPs) produced by the eruption of flares and/or CME-driven shocks propagating from the corona to the interplanetary space. We considered ESP events occurring in association with SEPs on 3 November 2021. We used proton fluxes provided by Solar Orbiter (located at 0.85 AU) in the energy range of 30 keV–82 MeV, by Wind at energies from 70 keV to 72 MeV, and ACE in the range from 40 keV to 5 MeV (both located at the Lagrangian point L1, close to 1 AU along the Sun-Earth direction). In order to broaden the range of analyzed energies (40 keV - 72 MeV), we combine these data with the proton fluxes from the SOHO spacecraft, also located at L1. We analyzed the ESP event and fitted the proton energy spectra at both locations with several distributions to shed light on the mechanisms leading to the acceleration of energetic particles. We also investigated the turbulent magnetic field fluctuations around the shock. The obtained ESP spectra, best reproduced by the so-called double power law function, the spectral differences at the two locations, and the shock features (quasi-parallel geometry, enhanced downstream turbulence) suggest that diffusive shock acceleration is responsible for acceleration of low energy particles, whereas stochastic acceleration contributes to the (re) acceleration of high energies ones.
Task-dependent alteration of beta-band intermuscular coherence is associated with ipsilateral corticospinal tract excitability
Authors: Ko Na-hyeon , Laine Christopher M. , Valero-Cuevas Francisco J.
Published: July 2023

Beta-band (15–30 Hz) synchronization between the EMG signals of active limb muscles can serve as a non-invasive assay of corticospinal tract integrity. Tasks engaging a single limb often primarily utilize one corticospinal pathway, although bilateral neural circuits can participate in goal-directed actions involving multi-muscle coordination and utilization of feedback. Suboptimal utilization of such circuits after CNS injury can result in unintended mirror movements and activation of pathological synergies. Accordingly, it is important to understand how the actions of one limb (e.g., a less-affected limb after strokes) influence the opposite corticospinal pathway for the rehabilitation target. Certain unimanual actions decrease the excitability of the “unengaged” corticospinal tract, presumably to prevent mirror movement, but there is no direct way to predict the extent to which this will occur. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that task-dependent changes in beta-band drives to muscles of one hand will inversely correlate with changes in the opposite corticospinal tract excitability. Ten participants completed spring pinching tasks known to induce differential 15–30 Hz drive to muscles. During compressions, transcranial magnetic stimulation single pulses to the ipsilateral M1 were delivered to generate motor-evoked potentials in the unengaged hand. The task-induced changes in ipsilateral corticospinal excitability were inversely correlated with associated changes in EMG-EMG coherence of the task hand. These results demonstrate a novel connection between intermuscular coherence and the excitability of the “unengaged” corticospinal tract and provide a springboard for further mechanistic studies of unimanual tasks of varying difficulty and their effects on neural pathways relevant to rehabilitation.
Approaching physically active learning as a multi, inter, and transdisciplinary research field
Authors: Mandelid Mathias Brekke
Published: July 2023

In broad terms, physically active learning is a phenomenon that combines health and educational disciplines to integrate physical activity and core educational goals. Despite a growing research interest within the physically active learning field, conceptual clarity on combining and synthesising research disciplines appears to be needed. This article thus explores knowledge production within the physically active learning research field. First, it outlines the origin of the research field. Secondly, the terms multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary are applied to confront how knowledge is produced. Finally, the three approaches' theoretical and ethical implications are discussed. The article contributes to conceptual clarity within the field by proposing that physically active learning is inherently inter- and transdisciplinary because it embraces the complexity of integrating and synthesising knowledge from health and educational disciplines to address real-world problems. To conclude, awareness of physically active learning's practical and theoretical dimensions through the three approaches is central to evolving the field.
Sizing Optimization of a Photovoltaic Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Long Time-Series Simulation Considering Battery Life
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhong Yiwei , Tang Chaowei
Published: July 2023

An energy storage system works in sync with a photovoltaic system to effectively alleviate the intermittency in the photovoltaic output. Owing to its high power density and long life, supercapacitors make the battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) a good solution. This study considers the particularity of annual illumination due to climate conditions in Harbin, China. A global optimal PV-HESS sizing method is proposed by constructing a PV-HESS operating cost model and taking the annual system operating cost as the objective function. To consider the effect of battery life degradation due to different charge and discharge rates and charge and discharge times, a semi-empirical model based on the Arrhenius model was used to quantify the battery life degradation. Based on the effects of different seasons and different photovoltaic panel sizes, batteries, and supercapacitors on the optimization results, four scenarios are proposed. The feasibility of the system configuration corresponding to the four scenarios is discussed, and an optimal sizing configuration of the system is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively balance the degradation of the ESS due to irregular charging and discharging and determine the minimum operating cost and a reasonable sizing configuration of the system.
Reassessing Breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) Interactions with Other Stromal Components and Clinico-Pathologic Parameters by Using Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis (DIA)
Authors: Barb Alina , Fenesan Mihaela , Pirtea Marilena , Margan Mădălin-Marius , Tomescu Larisa , Ceban Emil , Cimpean Anca , Melnic Eugen
Published: July 2023

Background: Breast cancer (BC) stroma has CD34- and αSMA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) differently distributed. During malignant transformation, CD34-positive fibroblasts decrease while αSMA-positive CAFs increase. The prevalence of αSMA-positive CAFs in BC stroma makes microscopic examination difficult without digital image analysis processing (DIA). DIA was used to compare CD34- and αSMA-positive CAFs among breast cancer molecular subgroups. DIA-derived data were linked to age, survival, tumor stroma vessels, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), invasion, and recurrence. Methods: Double immunostaining for CD34 and αSMA showed different CAF distribution patterns in normal and BC tissues. Single CD34 immunohistochemistry on supplemental slides quantified tumor stroma CD34_CAFs. Digital image analysis (DIA) data on CAF density, intensity, stromal score, and H-score were correlated with clinico-pathologic factors. Results: CD34/αSMA CAF proportion was significantly related to age in Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), and HER2 subtypes. CD34_CAF influence on survival, invasion, and recurrence of LA, LB-HER2, and TNBC subtypes was found to be significant. The CD34/αSMA-expressing CAFs exhibited a heterogeneous impact on stromal vasculature and TLS. Conclusion: BC stromal CD34_CAFs/αSMA_CAFs have an impact on survival, invasion, and recurrence differently between BC molecular subtypes. The tumor stroma DIA assessment may have predictive potential to prognosis and long-term follow-up of patients with breast cancer.
Polyphenol-Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Frontier for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wahnou Hicham , Liagre Bertrand , Sol Vincent , El Attar Hicham , Attar Rukset , Oudghiri Mounia , Duval Raphaël Emmanuel , Limami Youness
Published: July 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge in healthcare, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Natural compounds such as polyphenols with inherent anticancer properties have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents. This review highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches in CRC, followed by a discussion on the synthesis of polyphenols-based nanoparticles. Various synthesis techniques, including dynamic covalent bonding, non-covalent bonding, polymerization, chemical conjugation, reduction, and metal-polyphenol networks, are explored. The mechanisms of action of these nanoparticles, encompassing passive and active targeting mechanisms, are also discussed. The review further examines the intrinsic anticancer activity of polyphenols and their enhancement through nano-based delivery systems. This section explores the natural anticancer properties of polyphenols and investigates different nano-based delivery systems, such as micelles, nanogels, liposomes, nanoemulsions, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and metal–organic frameworks. The review concludes by emphasizing the potential of nanoparticle-based strategies utilizing polyphenols for CRC treatment and highlights the need for future research to optimize their efficacy and safety. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the synthesis, mechanisms of action, intrinsic anticancer activity, and enhancement of polyphenols-based nanoparticles for CRC treatment.
Proton Bragg Peak FLASH Enables Organ Sparing and Ultra-High Dose-Rate Delivery: Proof of Principle in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Pennock Michael , Wei Shouyi , Cheng Chingyun , Lin Haibo , Hasan Shaakir , Chhabra Arpit M. , Choi J. Isabelle , Bakst Richard L. , Kabarriti Rafi , Simone II Charles B. , Lee Nancy Y. , Kang Minglei , Press Robert H.
Published: July 2023

Proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS) Bragg peak FLASH combines ultra-high dose rate delivery and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. This proof-of-principle study compared dosimetry and dose rate coverage between PBS Bragg peak FLASH and PBS transmission FLASH in head and neck reirradiation. PBS Bragg peak FLASH plans were created via the highest beam single energy, range shifter, and range compensator, and were compared to PBS transmission FLASH plans for 6 GyE/fraction and 10 GyE/fraction in eight recurrent head and neck patients originally treated with quad shot reirradiation (14.8/3.7 CGE). The 6 GyE/fraction and 10 GyE/fraction plans were also created using conventional-rate intensity-modulated proton therapy techniques. PBS Bragg peak FLASH, PBS transmission FLASH, and conventional plans were compared for OAR sparing, FLASH dose rate coverage, and target coverage. All FLASH OAR V40 Gy/s dose rate coverage was 90–100% at 6 GyE and 10 GyE for both FLASH modalities. PBS Bragg peak FLASH generated dose volume histograms (DVHs) like those of conventional therapy and demonstrated improved OAR dose sparing over PBS transmission FLASH. All the modalities had similar CTV coverage. PBS Bragg peak FLASH can deliver conformal, ultra-high dose rate FLASH with a two-millisecond delivery of the minimum MU per spot. PBS Bragg peak FLASH demonstrated similar dose rate coverage to PBS transmission FLASH with improved OAR dose-sparing, which was more pronounced in the 10 GyE/fraction than in the 6 GyE/fraction. This feasibility study generates hypotheses for the benefits of FLASH in head and neck reirradiation and developing biological models.
Transcriptomic Maps of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Machine Learning of Gene Activation Patterns and Epigenetic Trajectories in Support of Precision Medicine
Authors: Ashekyan Ohanes , Shahbazyan Nerses , Bareghamyan Yeva , Kudryavzeva Anna , Mandel Daria , Schmidt Maria , Loeffler-Wirth Henry , Uduman Mohamed , Chand Dhan , Underwood Dennis , Armen Garo , Arakelyan Arsen , Nersisyan Lilit , Binder Hans
Published: July 2023

The molecular mechanisms of the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRLM) remain poorly understood. Here, we applied machine learning and bioinformatics trajectory inference to analyze a gene expression dataset of CRLM. We studied the co-regulation patterns at the gene level, the potential paths of tumor development, their functional context, and their prognostic relevance. Our analysis confirmed the subtyping of five liver metastasis subtypes (LMS). We provide gene-marker signatures for each LMS, and a comprehensive functional characterization that considers both the hallmarks of cancer and the tumor microenvironment. The ordering of CRLMs along a pseudotime-tree revealed a continuous shift in expression programs, suggesting a developmental relationship between the subtypes. Notably, trajectory inference and personalized analysis discovered a range of epigenetic states that shape and guide metastasis progression. By constructing prognostic maps that divided the expression landscape into regions associated with favorable and unfavorable prognoses, we derived a prognostic expression score. This was associated with critical processes such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, treatment resistance, and immune evasion. These factors were associated with responses to neoadjuvant treatment and the formation of an immuno-suppressive, mesenchymal state. Our machine learning-based molecular profiling provides an in-depth characterization of CRLM heterogeneity with possible implications for treatment and personalized diagnostics.
Cancer Bioenergetics and Tumor Microenvironments—Enhancing Chemotherapeutics and Targeting Resistant Niches through Nanosystems
Authors: Farhana Aisha , Alsrhani Abdullah , Khan Yusuf Saleem , Rasheed Zafar
Published: July 2023

Cancer is an impending bottleneck in the advanced scientific workflow to achieve diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic success. Most cancers are refractory to conventional diagnostic and chemotherapeutics due to their limited targetability, specificity, solubility, and side effects. The inherent ability of each cancer to evolve through various genetic and epigenetic transformations and metabolic reprogramming underlies therapeutic limitations. Though tumor microenvironments (TMEs) are quite well understood in some cancers, each microenvironment differs from the other in internal perturbations and metabolic skew thereby impeding the development of appropriate diagnostics, drugs, vaccines, and therapies. Cancer associated bioenergetics modulations regulate TME, angiogenesis, immune evasion, generation of resistant niches and tumor progression, and a thorough understanding is crucial to the development of metabolic therapies. However, this remains a missing element in cancer theranostics, necessitating the development of modalities that can be adapted for targetability, diagnostics and therapeutics. In this challenging scenario, nanomaterials are modular platforms for understanding TME and achieving successful theranostics. Several nanoscale particles have been successfully researched in animal models, quite a few have reached clinical trials, and some have achieved clinical success. Nanoparticles exhibit an intrinsic capability to interact with diverse biomolecules and modulate their functions. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be functionalized with receptors, modulators, and drugs to facilitate specific targeting with reduced toxicity. This review discusses the current understanding of different theranostic nanosystems, their synthesis, functionalization, and targetability for therapeutic modulation of bioenergetics, and metabolic reprogramming of the cancer microenvironment. We highlight the potential of nanosystems for enhanced chemotherapeutic success emphasizing the questions that remain unanswered.
Biological Invasions in a Changing World: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Kotta Jonne
Published: July 2023

Welcome to the Special Issue of the NEOBIOTA Conference Scientific Papers entitled “Biological Invasions in a Changing World” [...]
Estimation of Aboveground Biomass Stock in Tropical Savannas Using Photogrammetric Imaging
Authors: de Queiroz Roberta Franco Pereira , d’Oliveira Marcus Vinicio Neves , Rezende Alba Valéria , de Alencar Paola Aires Lócio
Published: July 2023

The use of photogrammetry technology for aboveground biomass (AGB) stock estimation in tropical savannas is a challenging task and is still at a preliminary stage. This work aimed to use metrics derived from point clouds, constructed using photogrammetric imaging obtained by an RGB camera on board a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), to generate a model for estimating AGB stock for the shrubby-woody stratum in savanna areas of Central Brazil (Cerrado). AGB stock was estimated using forest inventory data and an allometric equation. The photogrammetric digital terrain model (DTM) was validated with altimetric field data, demonstrating that the passive sensor can identify topographic variations in sites with discontinuous canopies. The inventory estimated an average AGB of 18.3 (±13.3) Mg ha−1 at the three sampled sites. The AGB model selected was composed of metrics used for height at the 10th and 95th percentile, with an adjusted R2 of 93% and a relative root mean squared error (RMSE) of 16%. AGB distribution maps were generated from the spatialization of the metrics selected for the model, optimizing the visualization and our understanding of the spatial distribution of forest AGB. The study represents a step forward in mapping biomass and carbon stocks in tropical savannas using low-cost remote sensing platforms.
Attenuation of Responses of Waterbirds to Repeat Drone Surveys Involving a Sequence of Altitudes and Drone Types: A Case Study
Authors: Howell Lachlan G. , Allan Blake M. , Driscoll Don A. , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Doran Todd A. , Weston Michael A.
Published: July 2023

Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS, or ‘drones’ hereafter) have potential for surveying waterbird species and habitats, but there is a risk that the disturbance from drones could compromise count accuracy and bird welfare. We examined the response of 16 waterbird species to repeated up-and-back overhead drone flights (n = 50 flights) at multiple flight heights (80, 60, 40 and 20 m) using three common drone platforms (DJI Matrice 300, DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced and DJI Phantom 4). A ground observer scored the species’ responses to overhead drone flights, which ranged from no response (no change to initial behavior), vigilance (head turning and tracking), movement within the site (swimming, diving, flight into or on the water) and substantial flight resulting in departure from the pond (fleeing). A total of 280 waterbird encounters with overhead drones were observed. The most common response across all flights was no response (70.7%), followed by vigilance (27.5%), whereas more intense responses were comparatively rare (1.8%). The responses were of higher intensity during earlier overhead drone flights, before moderating substantially during later flights. Thus, our case study provides the first unambiguous evidence of the attenuation of responses of bird species to drones.
Global Climate Classification and Comparison to Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum Climates, with Added Aridity Information and a Hypertropical Class
Authors: Hanberry Brice B.
Published: July 2023

Climate classifications supply climate visualization with inference about general vegetation types. The Köppen classification system of thermal classes and an arid class is widely used, but options are available to strengthen climate change detection. For this study, I incorporated temperature and aridity information into all climate classes to isolate climate change, added a hypertropical class to better detect warming and drying in tropical zones, and developed a consistent ruleset of thermal classes with one temperature variable for streamlined application, yet maintained primary Köppen thermal classes. I compared climate currently to 6000 years ago (ka; Mid-Holocene) and 22 ka (Last Glacial Maximum) worldwide. Growing degree days > 0 °C was the most efficient variable for modeling thermal classes. Climate classes based on growing degree days matched 86% of Köppen thermal classes. Current climate shared 80% and 23% of class assignments with the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, respectively, with dry conditions shifting to the tropical and hypertropical classes under current climate. Contributing to our understanding of global environmental change, this classification demonstrated that the hypertropical class experienced the greatest change in area since 6 ka and the second greatest change in area since 22 ka, and the greatest increase in percentage arid classes during both intervals. The added hypertropical class with aridity information delivered sensitive detection of warming and drying for relevant climate classes under climate change.
Research on the Optimization of Energy–Carbon Co-Sharing Operation in Multiple Multi-Energy Microgrids Based on Nash Negotiation
Authors: Yuan Xiaoling , Cui Can , Zhu Guanxin , Ma Hanqing , Cao Hao
Published: July 2023

Efficient and low-carbon energy utilization is a crucial aspect of promoting green and sustainable development. Multi-energy microgrids, which incorporate multiple interchangeable energy types, offer effective solutions for low-carbon and efficient energy consumption. This study aims to investigate the sharing of energy and carbon in multiple multi-energy microgrids (MMEMs) to enhance their economic impact, low-carbon attributes, and the efficient utilization of renewable energy. In this paper, an energy–carbon co-sharing operation model is established, incorporating carbon capture systems (CCSs) and two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) devices within the MMEMs to actualize low-carbon operation. Furthermore, based on cooperative game theory, this paper establishes an energy–carbon co-sharing Nash negotiation model and negotiates based on the energy–carbon contribution of each subject in the cooperation as bargaining power so as to maximize both the benefits of the MMEM alliance and the distribution of the cooperation benefits. The case study results show that the overall benefits of the alliance can be increased through Nash negotiation. Energy–carbon co-sharing can effectively increase the renewable energy consumption rate of 8.34%, 8.78%, and 8.83% for each multi-energy microgrid, and the overall carbon emission reduction rate reaches 17.81%. Meanwhile, the distribution of the benefits according to the energy–carbon co-sharing contribution capacity of each entity is fairer.
Changes in Ecosystem Service Values of Forests in Southwest China’s Karst Regions from 2001–2020
Authors: Zhou Zhongfa , Zhang Lu , Wu Tangyin , Luo Dan , Wu Lan , Chen Quan , Feng Qing
Published: July 2023

Forests, serving as crucial custodians of our planet’s ecological balance, also constitute a significant source of livelihood for humanity. Karst regions, recognized as some of the world’s most susceptible landscapes, grapple with the dual predicaments of ecological restoration and resident impoverishment. To bridge the gap between environmental and economic concerns, this manuscript employs an amalgamation of remote sensing and socio-economic methodologies to devise a comprehensive assessment framework, thereby scrutinizing the alterations in forest ecosystems from 2001 to 2020.The investigation reveals that over the past two decades, forest rehabilitation within the study area has yielded commendable outcomes, substantially mitigating various ecological dilemmas instigated by rocky desertification in this region. The forested area has increased significantly, and the ecosystem service value has more than doubled. These improvements are largely attributed to compulsory forest conservation measures, demonstrating their decisive influence. The study advocates meticulous management and conservation strategies to safeguard these unique ecosystems and ensure their sustainability. This research underscores the significance of striking a balance between maintaining ecological integrity and fostering economic development, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on sustainable forest management in vulnerable landscapes.
The Influence of Intraspecific Trait Variation on Plant Functional Diversity and Community Assembly Processes in an Arid Desert Region of Northwest China
Authors: Jiang Lamei , Zayit Abudoukeremujiang , Sattar Kunduz , Wang Shiyun , He Xuemin , Hu Dong , Wang Hengfang , Yang Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Exploring how functional traits vary along environmental gradients has long been one of the central questions of trait-based community ecology. Variation in functional traits includes both intraspecific trait variation (ITV) and interspecific trait variation (Vinter); however, the effects of ITV on functional diversity and community assembly remain to be explored. In this study, we compared functional diversity among three communities (i.e., riverbank, transition zone, and desert margin communities) at three spatial scales (i.e., 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, and 50 m × 50 m) in the desert ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake basin in Xinjiang. We also analyzed the effects of ITV and environmental and spatial factors on functional diversity. Our results showed that incorporating ITV increased measurements of functional richness at the 10 m × 10 m scale in all three communities (p < 0.01). Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ) represents the differences in functional traits between different species. ITV significantly increased RaoQ at the 50 m × 50 m scale in the riverbank and desert margin community, whereas it significantly decreased RaoQ in the transitional zone community. Similarly, ITV significantly increased functional β-diversity at the 10 m × 10 m and 20 m × 20 m scales in the transitional zone community. Spatial factors mainly influenced functional diversity at smaller scales, whereas environmental factors were influential mainly at larger scales. After considering ITV, spatial factors had less of an effect on functional β-diversity, except for the 50 m × 50 m scale in the transitional zone and desert margin community, indicating that ITV can reduce the measured effect of dispersal on functional β-diversity. Considering ITV did not change the interpretation of the main ecological processes affecting functional diversity. However, it did change the extent to which environmental filtering and dispersal effects explained functional diversity.
Temporal Evolution of Vapor Pressure Deficit Observed in Six Locations of Different Brazilian Ecosystems and Its Relationship with Micrometeorological Variables
Authors: Palácios Rafael da Silva , de Paulo Sérgio Roberto , de Paulo Iramaia Jorge Cabral , Lobo Francisco de Almeida , Maionchi Daniela de Oliveira , da Silva Haline Josefa Araujo , da Silva Ian Maxime Cordeiro Barros , Marques João Basso , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi , Dalmagro Higo José , Rodrigues Thiago Rangel , Curado Leone Francisco Amorim
Published: July 2023

In this study, data collected from 2000 to 2019 on vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and its relationship with micrometeorological variables (fire occurrences, aerosol concentration, temperature, and carbon flux) were analyzed in six locations situated in different Brazilian ecosystems: Rio Branco, AC; Manaus, AM; Alta Floresta, MT (within the Amazon Rainforest); Baia das Pedras, MT (Pantanal); Fazenda Miranda, MT (Cerrado); and Petrolina, PE (northeastern semiarid region). Temporal series analysis of VPD was conducted by determining the principal component of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) for this variable in all locations. It was observed that the main component of SSA for VPD is sensitive to local land-use changes, while no evidence of large-scale influences related to global climate change was observed. A strong coupling between VPD values and local maximum temperature with monthly fire occurrence and logarithmic aerosol concentration profiles was also observed. The results of the study are discussed in the context of the ecosystems’ carbon sequestration capacity. The combined results of the study indicate a scenario in which local land-use changes can compromise the capacity of Brazilian ecosystems to absorb carbon.
The Meta-Metaverse: Ideation and Future Directions
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad (Behdad) , Dehghaniyan Serej Arash , Jamshidi Alireza , Moztarzadeh Omid
Published: July 2023

In the era of digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI), the utilization of Metaverse technology has become increasingly crucial. As the world becomes more digitized, there is a pressing need to effectively transfer real-world assets into the digital realm and establish meaningful relationships between them. However, existing approaches have shown significant limitations in achieving this goal comprehensively. To address this, this research introduces an innovative methodology called the Meta-Metaverse, which aims to enhance the immersive experience and create realistic digital twins across various domains such as biology, genetics, economy, medicine, environment, gaming, digital twins, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, machine learning, psychology, supply chain, social networking, smart manufacturing, and politics. The multi-layered structure of Metaverse platforms and digital twins allows for greater flexibility and scalability, offering valuable insights into the potential impact of advancing science, technology, and the internet. This article presents a detailed description of the proposed methodology and its applications, highlighting its potential to transform scientific research and inspire groundbreaking ideas in science, medicine, and technology.
The First Potentially Causal Genetic Variant Documented in a Polish Woman with Multiple Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
Authors: Szczygieł-Pilut Elżbieta , Pilut Daniel , Korostynski Michal , Kopiński Piotr , Potaczek Daniel P. , Wypasek Ewa
Published: July 2023

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are relatively common in the central nervous system. They occur in two forms, sporadic and familial (FCCMs). Three genes are recognized to be associated with FCCM, including CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, the latter also called PDCD10. In this article, we describe a single-nucleotide variant in the PDCD10 gene in a 23-year-old Polish female with CCM. The NM_007217.4 (PDCD10): c.395+1G>A variant destroys the canonical splice donor site following exon 6. This is the first reported genetically characterized case of CCM (FCCM) in Poland.
Leigh Syndrome Spectrum: A Portuguese Population Cohort in an Evolutionary Genetic Era
Authors: Baldo Manuela Schubert , Nogueira Célia , Pereira Cristina , Janeiro Patrícia , Ferreira Sara , Lourenço Charles M. , Bandeira Anabela , Martins Esmeralda , Magalhães Marina , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Santos Helena , Ferreira Ana Cristina , Vilarinho Laura
Published: July 2023

Mitochondrial diseases are the most common inherited inborn error of metabolism resulting in deficient ATP generation, due to failure in homeostasis and proper bioenergetics. The most frequent mitochondrial disease manifestation in children is Leigh syndrome (LS), encompassing clinical, neuroradiological, biochemical, and molecular features. It typically affects infants but occurs anytime in life. Considering recent updates, LS clinical presentation has been stretched, and is now named LS spectrum (LSS), including classical LS and Leigh-like presentations. Apart from clinical diagnosis challenges, the molecular characterization also progressed from Sanger techniques to NGS (next-generation sequencing), encompassing analysis of nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This upgrade resumed steps and favored diagnosis. Hereby, our paper presents molecular and clinical data on a Portuguese cohort of 40 positive cases of LSS. A total of 28 patients presented mutation in mtDNA and 12 in nDNA, with novel mutations identified in a heterogeneous group of genes. The present results contribute to the better knowledge of the molecular basis of LS and expand the clinical spectrum associated with this syndrome.
Danon Disease: Entire LAMP2 Gene Deletion with Unusual Clinical Presentation—Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shalata Adel , Bar-Shai Marina , Hadid Yarin , Mahroum Muhammad , Mintz Hila , Shalata Zaher Eldin , Radzishevsky Evgeny , Genizi Jacob , Lorber Avraham , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Yaniv Liat
Published: July 2023

Danon disease is a rare x-linked dominant multisystemic disorder with a clinical triad of severe cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and intellectual disability. It is caused by defects in the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) gene. Numerous different mutations in the LAMP2 protein have been described. Danon disease is typically lethal by the mid-twenties in male patients due to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Female patients usually present with milder and variable symptoms. This report describes a 42-year-old father and his 3-year-old daughter presenting with mild manifestations of the disease. The father has normal intellectual development and normal physical activity. At the age of 13, he was diagnosed with mild ventricular pre-excitation known as Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPWs), very mild and mostly asymptomatic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy, and at about the age of 25 presented with visual impairment due to cone–rod dystrophy. His daughter showed normal development and very mild asymptomatic electrocardiographic WPWs abnormalities with left mild ventricular hypertrophy. Genetic testing revealed an Xq24 microdeletion encompassing the entire LAMP2 gene. Relevant literature was reviewed as a reference for the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and case management.
miR-499a rs3746444 A>G Polymorphism Is Correlated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Polyneuropathy in a Romanian Cohort: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Burada Emilia , Roșu Maria-Magdalena , Sandu Raluca Elena , Burada Florin , Cucu Mihai Gabriel , Streață Ioana , Petre-Mandache Bianca , Popescu-Hobeanu Gabriela , Cara Monica-Laura , Țucă Anca-Maria , Pinoșanu Elena , Albu Carmen Valeria
Published: July 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder that results from complex interactions of both environmental and genetic factors. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including noncoding RNA genes, have been investigated for their association with susceptibility to T2DM and its complications, with little evidence available regarding Caucasians. The aim of the present study was to establish whether four miRNA SNPs (miR-27a rs895819 T>C, miR-146a rs2910164 G>C, miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T, and miR-499a rs3746444 A>G) are correlated with susceptibility to T2DM and/or diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in a Romanian population. A total of 167 adult T2DM patients and 324 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in our study. miRNA SNPs were detected by real-time PCR using a TaqMan genotyping assay. A significant association with T2DM was observed only for the miR-499a rs3746444 A>G SNP in all the tested models, and the frequencies of both the miR-499a rs3746444 AG and the GG genotypes were higher in the T2DM patients compared to the controls. No correlation was observed for the miR-27a rs895819 T>C, miR-146a rs2910164 G>C, or miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T SNPs in any genetic model. When we assessed the association of these SNPs with DPN separately, we found a positive association for the miR-499a rs3746444 SNP in both codominant and dominant models (OR 6.47, 95% CI: 1.71–24.47; OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.23–4.29, respectively). In conclusion, this study shows that miR-499a rs3746444 A>G may influence both T2DM and DPN susceptibility, with carriers of the GG genotype and the G allele being at an increased risk in the Romanian population.
Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Disease Influenced by Multifactorial Genetic Factors
Authors: Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika , Piórkowska Katarzyna , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has become an important issue in modern veterinary medicine and is linked to the common, extremely painful, most-of-the-time performance-terminating hoof laminitis. The growing knowledge in the field of genetic background, inducing environmental factors, diagnosis, treatment and maintenance of affected equines led us to summarise the available information to be used not only for scientific purposes but for fieldwork. In horses, the clinical presentation of EMS includes: obesity or local fat deposition, bilateral lameness or hoof rings attributed to ongoing or previous (pasted) laminitis with the key feature of the occurrence of insulin dysregulation, disturbing the homeostasis within insulin, glucose and lipid metabolism. The management of EMS is based on dietary and fitness discipline; however, intensive research is ongoing in the field of regenerative medicine to develop modern and promising therapies.
Enhancing Healthcare Outcomes and Modulating Apoptosis- and Antioxidant-Related Genes through the Nano-Phytosomal Delivery of Phenolics Extracted from Allium ampeloprasum
Authors: Shoeibi Ali , Karimi Ehsan , Zareian Mohsen , Oskoueian Ehsan
Published: July 2023

The application of nano drug delivery systems, particularly those utilizing natural bioactive compounds with anticancer properties, has gained significant attention. In this study, a novel nano-phytosome-loaded phenolic rich fraction (PRF) derived from Allium ampeloprasum L. was developed. The antitumor activity of the formulation was evaluated in BALB/c mice with TUBO colon carcinoma. The PRF-loaded nano-phytosome (PRF-NPs) exhibited a sphere-shaped structure (226 nm) and contained a diverse range of phenolic compounds. Animal trials conducted on TUBO tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that treatment with PRF-NPs at a dosage of 50 mg TPC/Kg/BW resulted in significant improvements in body weight and food intake, while reducing liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as Bax and caspase-3, was upregulated, whereas Bcl2 was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of GPx and SOD genes in the liver was notably increased compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the phytosomal encapsulation of the phenolic rich fraction derived from Allium ampeloprasum L. can enhance the bioavailability of natural phytochemicals and improve their antitumor properties. The development of PRF-NPs as a nano drug delivery system holds promise for effective breast cancer treatment.
Efficient Lung Cancer Molecular Diagnostics by Combining Next Generation Sequencing with Reflex Idylla Genefusion Assay Testing
Authors: Nkosi Dingani , George Giby V. , Liu Huijie , Buldo Meghan , Velez Moises J. , Oltvai Zoltán N.
Published: July 2023

Molecular diagnostics for lung cancer is a well-established standard of care, but how to use the available diagnostic tools for optimal and cost-effective patient care remains unresolved. Here, we show that DNA-only, small gene next-generation sequencing (sNGS) panels (<50 genes) combined with ultra-rapid reflex testing for common fusion transcripts using the Idylla Genefusion assay provide a cost-effective and sufficiently comprehensive testing modality for the majority of lung cancer cases. We also demonstrate the need for additional reflex testing capability on larger DNA and fusion panels for a small subset of lung cancers bearing rare single-nucleotide variants, indels and fusion transcripts and secondary, post-treatment resistance mutations. A similar testing workflow could be adopted for other solid tumor types for which extensive gene/fusion variant profiles are available both in the treatment-naïve and post-therapy settings.
Arabidopsis RAD16 Homologues Are Involved in UV Tolerance and Growth
Authors: Alrayes Linda , Stout Jake , Schroeder Dana
Published: July 2023

In plants, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes harmful DNA lesions. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important DNA repair mechanism that operates via two pathways: transcription coupled repair (TC-NER) and global genomic repair (GG-NER). In plants and mammals, TC-NER is initiated by the Cockayne Syndrome A and B (CSA/CSB) complex, whereas GG-NER is initiated by the Damaged DNA Binding protein 1/2 (DDB1/2) complex. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), GG-NER is initiated by the Radiation Sensitive 7 and 16, (RAD7/16) complex. Arabidopsis thaliana has two homologues of yeast RAD16, At1g05120 and At1g02670, which we named AtRAD16 and AtRAD16b, respectively. In this study, we characterized the roles of AtRAD16 and AtRAD16b. Arabidopsis rad16 and rad16b null mutants exhibited increased UV sensitivity. Moreover, AtRAD16 overexpression increased plant UV tolerance. Thus, AtRAD16 and AtRAD16b contribute to plant UV tolerance and growth. Additionally, we found physical interaction between AtRAD16 and AtRAD7. Thus, the Arabidopsis RAD7/16 complex is functional in plant NER. Furthermore, AtRAD16 makes a significant contribution to Arabidopsis UV tolerance compared to the DDB1/2 and the CSB pathways. This is the first time the role and interaction of DDB1/2, RAD7/16, and CSA/CSB components in a single system have been studied.
Longitudinal Analysis of Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning among Hispanic Older Adults with Sensory Impairments
Authors: Trujillo Tanner Corinna , Yorgason Jeremy , White Avalon , Armstrong Chresten , Cash Antonia , Case Rebekah , Ehrlich Joshua R.
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Understanding the intersection of age, ethnicity, and disability will become increasingly important as the global population ages and becomes more diverse. By 2060, Hispanics will comprise 28% of the U.S. population. This study examines critical associations between sensory impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning among Hispanic older adults. Methods: Our sample consisted of 557 Hispanic older adults that participated in Rounds 1–3 or Rounds 5–7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Longitudinal mediation models across a three-year span were estimated using Mplus, with vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning directly and indirectly through social isolation. Results: Findings indicated that cognitive functioning was concurrently and, in certain cases, longitudinally predicted by vision and dual sensory impairments and by social isolation. Contrary to expectations, vision and hearing impairments were not predictive of social isolation. Dual sensory impairment was associated with social isolation, yet no significant indirect associations were found for sensory impairments predicting cognitive functioning through social isolation. Discussion: The finding that social isolation did not mediate the relationship between sensory impairment and cognitive decline among Hispanic older adults in the U.S. is contrary to findings from other studies that were not specifically focused on this population. This finding may be evidence that culturally motivated family support and intergenerational living buffer the impact of sensory impairments in later life. Findings suggest that Hispanic older adults experiencing dual sensory impairments may benefit from interventions that foster social support and include family members.
Accessing Care Services for Long COVID Sufferers in Alberta, Canada: A Random, Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Krysa Jacqueline A. , Horlick Sidney , Pohar Manhas Kiran , Kovacs Burns Katharina , Buell Mikayla , Santana Maria J. , Russell Kristine , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth , Ho Chester
Published: July 2023

Designing appropriate rehabilitation programs for long COVID-19 remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore the patient experience of accessing long COVID-19 rehabilitation and recovery services. In this cross-sectional, observational study, a telephone survey was administered to a random sample of persons with long COVID-19 in a Canadian province. Participants included adults who tested positive for COVID-19 between March and October 2021. Survey respondents (n = 330) included individuals who had been previously hospitalized for COVID-19 (n = 165) and those who had not been hospitalized (‘non-hospitalized’) for COVID-19 (n = 165). Significantly more previously hospitalized respondents visited a family doctor for long COVID-19 symptoms compared to non-hospitalized respondents (hospitalized: n = 109 (66.1%); non-hospitalized: n = 25 (15.2%); (p < 0.0001)). Previously hospitalized respondents reported significantly more referrals to specialty healthcare providers for long COVID-19 sym`ptoms (hospitalized: n = 45 (27.3%); non-hospitalized: n = 6 (3.6%); (p < 0.001)). A comparable number of respondents in both groups accessed care services that did not require a referral to manage their long COVID-19 symptoms (hospitalized: n = 31 (18.8%); non-hospitalized: n = 20 (12.1%); (p = 0.20)). These findings demonstrate the diversity of recovery services used by individuals with long COVID-19 and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary long COVID-19 rehabilitation and recovery care pathways.