bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiculturalidad y diversidad funcional en las cartas de servicio y sedes web de las bibliotecas públicas estatales y bibliotecas universitarias de España
Authors: Bravo-Fernández Laura , Faba-Pérez Cristina
Published: December 2021

Se estudia el nivel de implicación que tienen las 53 bibliotecas públicas estatales y las 76 bibliotecas universitarias de España con los colectivos multicultural y con diversidad funcional, utilizando como método el análisis detallado de sus cartas de servicio y de sus sedes web, con el fin de comprobar si se hace mención explícita a servicios y recursos especiales para los colectivos señalados y cómo se realiza dicha mención. Como resultado principal obtenemos que, tanto la multiculturalidad, como las personas con diversidad funcional, se encuentran muy poco representadas en las cartas de servicio de ambos tipos de bibliotecas, con porcentajes inferiores al 5 % en multiculturalidad y al 35 % en diversidad funcional, y si bien estos resultados resultan más elevados en las sedes web de las dos tipologías bibliotecarias, con porcentajes inferiores al 29 % para el colectivo multicultural y al 45 % en las personas con diversidad funcional, no podemos concluir favorablemente, ya que consideramos importante fomentar, desde el 100 % de las bibliotecas públicas y universitarias, la sensibilización social acerca de los valores positivos de ambos colectivos.
control de contenidos en las redes sociales
Authors: San Juan José Luis González
Published: December 2021

La interdicción de la censura se estableció para evitar la injerencia del poder político y del eclesiástico en las publicaciones escritas, surgida para controlar la difusión de las ideas tras la invención de la imprenta. Pero el concepto de censura incluido en las constituciones modernas no comprende el control realizado por organizaciones privadas, como es el caso de las redes sociales, aunque en la práctica los efectos en las libertades de expresión y de información son equiparables a los de la censura del Estado, e incluso muchas veces peores, por el efecto multiplicador de Internet. Por ello, entendemos que el control de contenidos y el bloqueo de cuentas de usuarios, llevados a cabo en las redes sociales, son la nueva forma de censura en la era digital, siendo necesaria una ampliación del concepto de censura y un cambio normativo, para que los prestadores que realicen controles de contenidos tengan un régimen de responsabilidad similar al de los editores de prensa.
Quando a memória encontra a internet
Authors: Bagatini José Augusto , Chaves Guimarães José Augusto
Published: December 2021

Ao longo da nossa história, a humanidade criou e desenvolveu várias tecnologias de extensão da memória, que vão desde pinturas rupestres, o desenvolvimento da escrita e, até hoje, quando as memórias são armazenadas em cadeias de 0 e 1. Assim e considerando que o paradigma tecnológico atual tem trazido consigo novas tecnologias que reformularam completamente os artefatos de memória, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar quais impactos surgem de um paradigma em que memórias imunes à temporalidade se estabelecem como padrão de mercado? Tendo em vista que em algum momento esses artefatos da memória digital podem ser usados ​​contra nós, e dificilmente serão apagados, restando a questão de se é ético para uma instituição manter em sua memória digital algo que comprometa o presente e o futuro de uma pessoa, afetando diretamente o direito ao esquecimento. Um contexto que reflete nos profissionais da informação, que, em suas atividades de organização e divulgação, devem procurar equilibrar a manutenção da informação necessária ao desenvolvimento das atividades e o cumprimento dos deveres legais e a proteção do direito ao esquecimento, promovendo assim o desenvolvimento de atividades, serviços e produtos que contemplem ambos.
Herramientas y métricas aplicadas al marketing editorial. Del big data a la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Salvador Benítez Antonia , Sánchez Vigil Juan Miguel
Published: December 2021

El sector editorial es un paradigma en lo que se refiere al marketing, con un espacio específico en las secciones generales del organigrama de las empresas, al que se suman: Edición, Producción, Comercial, Comunicación y Derechos. La función del marketing es transversal y envolvente al interrelacionar con el resto de elementos de la cadena de elaboración del libro (impreso o digital). Son objeto de estudio en este artículo las herramientas y métricas aplicadas al marketing editorial, tomando como referente tres modelos (Tekstum, Jellybooks y Bookmetrix), que desde diferentes planteamientos, y con el big data y la inteligencia artificial soportando sus actividades, tienen el denominador común de conocer los hábitos de lectura a través del análisis de la información, al objeto de conseguir una mayor y mejor representación y organización del conocimiento que atraiga y fidelice lectores.
Descripción archivística colaborativa
Authors: Del Prado Martínez Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

El Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zaragoza conserva entre sus fondos abundante material fotográfico. Muchas de estas imágenes carecen de documentación de apoyo por lo que identificar personas y lugares así como las fechas de realización es un proceso difícil. La colaboración de los usuarios es una vía para resolver esta carencia. El artículo plantea cómo el uso de las redes sociales y la inteligencia colectiva puede contribuir a la mejora de la descripción archivística. Las acciones desarrolladas en este sentido por el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zaragoza se presentan como un estudio de caso.
Contar historias con los datos: Aragón Open Data Focus, una experiencia innovadora de reutilización de los datos del sector público
Authors: Akerreta Escribano Lorea , Moyano Collado Julián
Published: December 2021

En los últimos años, las Administraciones Públicas han realizado, en un ejercicio de transparencia, un importante esfuerzo por abrir sus datos con el objetivo de que, a través de la reutilización de esta información, pueda generarse un impacto y valor real sobre el territorio. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones la complejidad de la materia lleva a que la ciudadanía no sea capaz de percibir los beneficios que pueden derivarse de su uso y la alejen de la utilización de los datos abiertos. En este mismo escenario, los avances tecnológicos y una nueva cultura de consumo de la información derivada de la democratización en su acceso han sentado las bases del desarrollo del periodismo de datos. Aragón Open Data, la apuesta de Gobierno de Aragón por los datos abiertos, ha desarrollado durante 2020 un nuevo servicio que busca unir estos dos factores con el objetivo de incentivar la reutilización de los datos del sector público, hacer pedagogía sobre sus posibilidades y empoderar a los distintos perfiles de usuarios en el uso de los datos públicos. El resultado del proyecto, enmarcado en su estrategia 2019-2022 y cofinanciada por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) de la Unión Europea, es Aragón Open Data Focus, un servicio gratuito que permite a los usuarios del portal desarrollar y compartir sus propias historias a partir de los datos abiertos de Aragón.
Representación de tesauros en SKOS
Authors: Alvite-Díez María-Luisa , Martínez-González M. Mercedes
Published: December 2021

Los tesauros se han adaptado progresivamente a los entornos digitales demostrando su capacidad de integración con las tecnologías de la Web Semántica. No obstante, la convergencia de tesauros y Web Semántica no es tan directa como aparentemente pudiera parecer. Este trabajo analiza y contrasta los constructos y reglas de integridad de ISO 25964 y SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System). Se examinan igualmente las representaciones en SKOS de los tesauros AGROVOC, EuroVoc y Unesco con el fin de estudiar las soluciones llevadas a cabo. Por último, se abordan los retos percibidos, considerando particularmente la integración de los tesauros con los datos enlazados y el desarrollo de ontologías.
Ecuador en el dilema de una democracia de los “ismos”
Authors: Benavides Vásquez Wilson
Published: December 2021

Este artículo busca poner en cuestión la idea de que la democracia en nuestro país se sustenta únicamente en su sistema de partidos. Sostiene, por el contrario, que a la luz de la experiencia concreta, son los líderes y los grupos de presión de distinto tipo, los que han consolidado o debilitado este régimen político, al menos en los últimos 18 años durante los gobiernos de Lucio Gutiérrez (2002-2005), Rafael Correa (2007- 2017) y Lenin Moreno (2017-2020). Esto pone en relación directa dos fenómenos, que gran parte de la literatura académica y de los propios actores políticos creían ya superados. El populismo y el corporativismo, pese a la desazón de muchos, hoy están más vigentes que nunca, tejiendo la argamasa de nuestra cultura política. A manera de hipótesis, sostengo que ambos fenómenos constituyen un “conjunto de subjetividades, signifcados y prácticas” (Ramírez, 2003) a través del que se expresa la democracia en Ecuador en la coyuntura analizada.
El gasto social y el voto: análisis de los principales factores que influyen en el comportamiento del gobierno y los votantes Ecuador 2007-2017
Authors: Borja Sandra
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo analiza el comportamiento de dos actores clave del mercado político, el gobierno y el votante. En específco, se prueban las hipótesis planteadas por teóricos de la Escuela de la Elección Pública, las cuales sostienen que el gobierno y el votante son agentes racionales que al igual que en el mercado intercambian recursos con el objetivo de maximizar su utilidad. De manera general, se evidencia que el gobierno puede usar sus recursos de manera táctica para mantenerse en el poder, además, los sectores más vulnerables mantienen su apoyo por el candidato de Gobierno. Para Ecuador, a través de un modelo econométrico de datos de panel, se prueban estas hipótesis, y se evidencia que el gasto social, al focalizarse en los sectores más vulnerables, fue una variable clave para la estabilidad del gobierno en el período 2007-2017.
Party strategies and performances in the 2019 Provincial Elections in Ecuador
Authors: Dandoy Régis
Published: December 2021

This article investigates provincial elections in Ecuador and observes the degree to which they can be explained by national factors or whether these elections displayed their own (provincial) dynamics. Using a novel typology of parties based on their territorial dimension and the presence of provincial parties, it combines an analysis of the supply-side (electoral lists) and of the demand-side (voting behaviour) of these elections. The performance of the main political parties and alliances for the 2014 and 2019 provincial elections is investigated and regression analyses demonstrate that the type of party has a direct impact on its electoral performance. It concludes that provincial parties are important actors in the provincial elections in Ecuador. Provincial parties are the most successful stand-alone type of parties, and when they join an electoral alliance with other political parties, their benefcial effect on election results is reinforced.
Candidaturas independientes: una nueva figura en México
Authors: Morales Martínez Gema
Published: December 2021

Las candidaturas independientes son consideradas una nueva fgura en México ya que se vuelven una realidad palpable a partir de la reforma político electoral puesta en marcha en 2014. Sin embargo, le anteceden una serie de acontecimientos que derivaron en dicha reforma. Con las candidaturas independientes se abre una alternativa democrática para la ciudadanía: la posibilidad de ejercer su derecho a ser votada sin necesidad de estar acompañada por un partido político. En este ensayo se analiza la candidatura independiente en tres momentos: primero, los antecedentes históricos de esta figura y un breve análisis de la misma en otros países; segundo, una descripción de lo que ha sucedido durante los procesos electorales celebrados desde la promulgación de la reforma y; por último, la situación de las candidaturas independientes en el último proceso electoral 2017-2018.
Postmodernidad y sistema político para América Latina
Authors: Zambrano Diego
Published: December 2021

La banalización de la vida en sociedad tiene repercusiones en el sistema político; y, riñe con los ideales democráticos que inspiran al estado de derecho. La mercantilización de la política y la promoción electoral deviene en apatía ciudadana, desinstitucionalización de los partidos políticos y el surgimiento de líderes populistas, carentes de ideología, de programas reales de gobierno, que dentro de un presidencialismo multipartidista atomizado profundizan el problema, a la vez, permite visualizar el punto desde el cual se han de plantear alternativas. A manera de conclusión, se plantea la propuesta de dar un giro hacia modelos parlamentarios que fortalezcan a los partidos políticos como actores principales; no obstante, se trabaja también, sobre el sistema electoral planteado como un sistema institucional propio y complejo, aunque no por ello incontrolable.
De la filiación política al apoliticismo: las consecuencias de la anti-política en el derecho de participación
Authors: Ycaza Vinueza Oswaldo Fidel
Published: December 2021

Tradicionalmente, las bases del Estado ecuatoriano se han asentado sobre un modelo constitucional de corte garantista que protege, entre otros derechos, el de participación, particularmente el derecho de fliación política, enmarcado en un sistema de partidos, consolidado desde la década de los 70. Sin embargo, la creciente disconformidad ciudadana con el accionar de los partidos políticos tradicionales dio paso a un fenómeno denominado anti-política, basado en la deslegitimación de los partidos políticos y el surgimiento de movimientos sociales, como “verdaderas” instituciones de participación ciudadana, que requieren del poder político para la ejecución de sus postulados. Como consecuencia, el apoliticismo se ha impuesto como requisito para postular a cargos públicos en detrimento del derecho a la fliación política. A continuación se presenta un análisis de los efectos de la anti-política en el derecho a la participación política y el sistema de partidos.
Ethnobotanical and Chemical Studies on Gezo Molasses from Quercus brantii Lindl. Acorns in Turkey
Authors: Satıl Fatih , Akan Hasan , Karaaslan Mehmet , Maruf Balos Mehmet , Başyiğit Bülent
Published: December 2021

Oak molasses, called “Gezo,” have been produced by the local people of Southeastern Anatolia. In this study, the ethnobotanical characteristics, production stages, health effects, and chemical composition of Gezo were determined. Traditional Gezo molasses is produced from the acorn of
Quercus brantii
Lindl. The survey was carried out in seven provinces with large populations. Molasses samples were collected from local producers in the region alongside the local names, usage, sorting, and grading methods used by the local people. The total contents of phenolics and flavanoids were found to vary between the range of 1.60–2.56 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and 0.62–0.72 mg rutin (RE) per g of Gezo molasses, respectively. Gezo displayed scavenging activity against DPPH radicals ranging from 7.57 to 9.44 µM Trolox/g. The CUPRAC assay results showed that molasses also possessed reducing power activity with a value of 8.57–10.20 µM Trolox/g. Gezo is typically consumed by local people as a breakfast food. However, it is also used for medical purposes to treat bronchitis, cough, asthma, and diabetes. The region’s oak species are used by locals for fuel, feed, handicrafts, and games.
cΔlog kwIAM: can we afford estimation of small molecules’ blood-brain barrier passage based upon in silico phospholipophilicity?
Authors: Grumetto Lucia , Russo Giacomo
Published: December 2021

56 compounds, whose log BB values were known from the scientific literature, were considered and their phospholipophilicity values were calculated in silico. These values, along with either experimentally determined or calculated lipophilicity values, were used to extract cΔ/Δ’log kwIAM parameters. cΔ/Δ’log kwIAM values were found inversely related to data of blood-brain barrier passage, especially in the < -0.20 log BB range and on the IAM.PC.DD2 phase (r2 = 0.79). In multiple linear regression, satisfactory statistic models (r2 (n-1) = 0.76), based on cD/D’log kwIAM.MG along with other in silico calculated descriptors, were achieved. This method brings the potential to be applied, along with other methodologies, to filter out solutes whose BBB permeation is foreseen to be substandard, thus allowing pharmaceutical companies/research institutes to focus on candidates that are more likely to concentrate in the brain.
Blanche and Stanley, polar opposites. A pragmastylistic analysis of interactions from Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Bobin Joanna
Published: December 2021

The paper is an attempt at demonstrating how the language used by fictional dramatic characters contributes to their characterization, that is, how the readers (audiences) perceive them based on inferences drawn from a variety of textual cues. These cues include explicit selfand other-presentation as well as implicit hints retrieved from conversation structure, aspects of turn-taking or features of the language used by the character. In this paper, Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski from Tennessee Williams’ play The Streetcar Named Desire are analyzed and characterized as being polar opposites.
Edukacja cyfrowa w zdalnym nauczaniu
Authors: Majewicz Bożena
Published: December 2021

The state of education in Poland and its functioning was exposed by the coronavirus pandemic which contributed to school closures and enforced a transition to distance learning. There was a need to look for alternative ways of distance education in which teachers played a special role. Some of them had to learn new skills related to distance education at all levels of education in a short time. In the period when schools are closed or their functioning is limited, the competences they possess play an important role in the educational activity of teachers, among which IT and media competences become particularly important. The considerations presented in the article relate to online education, with particular attention to its necessary aspects occurring both on the side of school and students’ homes. A review of studies on remote education during the pandemic has been made.
The effect of climate change on future Common Security and Defence Policy missions and operations
Authors: Turczyński Radosław
Published: December 2021

Never before in the known history of the world people had such a great impact on climate change as since the beginning of the era of industrialization. Industrial production on a huge, unprecedented scale, apart from its benefits, causes climate change on a global scale through the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. According to the AR5 IPCC report, it is expected that the ever-increasing CO2 emissions and the lack of action to reduce it will increase the average global temperature from the pre-industrial era by up to 4 degrees Celsius to 2100. Such significant climate change can have catastrophic and irreversible consequences for the inhabitants of our planet. Exhausting sources of drinking water, land that cannot be cultivated and depleting natural resources will force people to fight for what will remain. The emergence of military groups will result in both internal armed conflicts and international tensions caused by mass migration of people from countries with the least vulnerability to the effects of climate change, to highly developed regions such as EU countries. Climate change in the context of security is multidimensional and affects almost every sector. EU countries will be forced to counteract the effects of climate change not only through agreements or declarations within the UN, but also by involving their own forces and resources in CSDP missions and operations. The current activities under CSDP will be intensified as well as diversified by implementing support for technological adaptation to new climate conditions in undeveloped countries.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROSES FOR ERROR DETECTION OF AUXILARY SYSTEMS OF SHIP MAIN DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Demirel H , Ünlügençoğlu K , Alarçin F , Balin A
Published: December 2021

Ship engine room has a structure which has to meet a number of needs with regard to administrative conditions. Therefore, when the complicated structure of engine room are considered, even a simple mechanical failure, if no measures taken abruptly, grows into irreversible condition, causing losses that cannot be compensated. A well-qualified ship engine conductor along with an effective error detection system is needed to detect failure and act immediately against any engine impairments possible. This study aims to manage troubleshooting in main engine auxiliary systems which cover cooling, lubricating and cooling oil and fuel systems. The study is also thought to be a good reference for maintenance processes for marine engineering operators. Breakdown of main engine equipment are examined and troubles hooting program is developed for using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) determine solution methods and causes of such breakdowns. In this paper, a fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology was proposed to determine the most effected system of the ship main diesel engine. The results showed that fuel system was the most effected alternative, as being followed subsequently by cooling system, governor system, air supply system and oiling system. The results were based upon the opinions of three experts groups who ranked the ship main diesel engine systems alternatives according to twenty-nine criteria expert selected.
ON THE STABILITY OF FAST FERRY IN DAMAGE SCENARIOS
Authors: Acanfora M , De Luca F
Published: December 2021

The ro-ro ships are characterized by a large garage compartment extending from stern to bow. Damage conditions, heavy weather and large floodable spaces could create serious accidents, with the loss of life and goods at sea, both for conventional ferries and fast ferries. The occurred accidents showed the need of a more accurate approach to the damaged ship stability in waves, also in head sea and following sea conditions, because of the great movements of water on the car deck. With this aim a tool for analysing the ship response in wave with damaged compartments has been developed and applied on a typical fast ferry. The ship dynamic is simulated in time domain, including non-linear effects, taking into account critical scenarios on the damaged ship. The applications regard ship grounding, assuming head sea, modelled by regular wave. In addition to that, also the particularly critical condition of a transversal wind heeling moment has been applied to compute non symmetrical behaviour. Moreover the stability problems arising from the presence of trapped water in the garage compartment are investigated assuming the same environmental scenarios.
MODELLING THE HEAVE OSCILLATIONS OF VERTICAL CYLINDERS WITH DAMPING PLATES
Authors: Lavrov A , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

The laminar flow around heaving axisymmetric and three-dimensional cylinders with damping plates is numerically studied for various Keulegan-Carpenter numbers. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using OpenFOAM, which is applied to the flow on a moving mesh. For processing of results the semi-empirical Morison equation is used. Calculations are conducted for one cylinder, one cylinder with one disk, one cylinder with two disks, and one cylinder with one pentagonal plate. The calculated values are compared against experimental data.
Lane Line Extraction in Raining Weather Images by Ridge Edge Detection with Improved MSR and Hessian Matrix
Authors: Wang W. , Berholm F. , Hu K. , Zhao L. , Feng S. , Tu A. , Fan E.
Published: December 2021

To accurately detect lane lines in road traffic images at raining weather, a edge detection based method is studied, which mainly includes four algorithms. (1) Firstly an image is enhanced by an improved Retinex algorithm; (2) Then, an algorithm based on the Hessian matrix is applied to strengthen lane lines; (3) To extract the feature points of a lane line, a ridge edge detection algorithm based on five line detection in four directions is proposed, in which, in light on the possible positions of lane lines in the image, it detects the maximum gray level points in the local area of the detecting point within the pre-set valid detection region; and (4) After the noise removal based on the minimum circumscribed rectangles, the candidate points of lane lines are connected as segments, and for the gap filling between segments, in order to make connection correctly, the algorithm makes the filling in two steps, short gap and long gap fillings, and the long gap filling is made on the combination of segment angle difference and gap distance and gap angle. By testing hundreds of images of the lane lines at raining weather and by comparing several traditional image enhancement and segmentation algorithms, the new method of the lane line detection can produce the satisfactory results.
Analysis of Cryptography Algorithms Implemented in Android Mobile Application
Authors: Salkanovic Alen , Ljubic Sandi , Stankovic Ljubisa , Lerga Jonatan
Published: December 2021

This paper evaluates the performances of numerous encryption algorithms on mobile devices running the Android operating system. The primary objective of our research was to measure and compare the relative performances of tested algorithm implementations (Data Encryption Standard (DES), 3DES, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), ChaCha20, Blowfish, and Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4)) on the Android platform. The algorithms were compared in terms of CPU utilization by measuring the time required to encrypt and decrypt variable size text files. Besides evaluating the six common symmetric encryption ciphers, a comparison has been conducted for several Password-Based Encryption (PBE) algorithms. Diverse cipher transformations were evaluated for each algorithm by utilizing various feedback modes and padding schemes. Two smartphone devices were used for testing, with different versions of the Android operating system and hardware specifications. The summarized performance outcomes for various cipher transformations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of each algorithm.
Orthodontic Management of Adult Sleep Apnea: Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Ousehal Lahcen , Sahim Soukaina , Bouzid Hajar , Aghoutan Hakima , El Mabrak Asmaa , Mahtar Mohamed , El Fatmi Kadri Hassani Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious public health problem that has important impacts on the quality and life expectancy of affected individuals. It is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep. OSA requires a multidisciplinary plan of treatment. There is increasing interest in the role of the orthodontist both in screening for adult obstructive sleep apnea and its management. Dental appliances and orthognathic surgery are two strategies that are currently used in the treatment of sleep apnea. This chapter focuses on the orthodontic management of sleep apnea in adults through three clinical cases with varying degrees of severity of sleep apnea. It provides a background on OSA treatment approaches and discusses the potential risks and benefits of each.
Role of Mentors in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Training
Authors: Khot Anant
Published: December 2021

A career in academic medicine may take years to develop, as the skills it requires are often not taught at an early stage. Having a committed mentor is always a privilege and valuable to the students in medicine. Given the wide variety of mentoring relationships, they are broadly classified as formal and informal according to the way in which the relationship is formed. Mentoring relationships usually evolve in stages to ensure competencies are met before the mentees progress to the next part of their mentoring process. “Mentoring up” is a concept that empowers mentees to be active participants in their mentoring relationships. Also, the mentoring needs vary depending on the stage of professional development. Mentors have 7 roles to perform in this relationship. Despite the advantages, the mentoring process faces the challenges like unrealistic expectations from the mentees, lack of training and time constraint among the clinician educators, and so on. The challenges can be overcome by building structured mentorship programs, by organizing the faculty development programs, use of virtual platforms to facilitate the meeting and providing the academic recognition/financial incentives to the mentors providing the exemplary service.
Cunninghamella bertholletiae’s Toxins from Decomposing Cassava: Mitigation Strategy for Toxin Reduction Using Nepenthes mirabilis ‘Monkey Cup’ Digestive Fluids
Authors: Fereche Itoba-Tombo Elie , Karabo Obed Ntwampe Seteno , Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi John , Mekuto Lukhanyo , Akinbiyi Akinpelu Enoch , Dlangamandla Nkosikho
Published: December 2021

A fermentation technique was utilised to assess a fungus, i.e. Cunninghamella bertholletiae/polymorpha, isolated from rotting cassava, ability to produce mycotoxins and resultant oxidation by-products of the mycotoxins using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Thus, the mycotoxins/secondary metabolites, fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were produced while, heptadecanone, octadecanamide, octadecenal and 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (DON) were successfully identified as biodegradation by-products in the fermentation broth treated with hydrolysing ‘monkey cup’ juice from Nepenthes mirabilis. Exposure to the mycotoxins and the biodegradation by-products through consumption of contaminated produce including contact due to the cumulative presence in arable agricultural soil can be harmful to humans and animals. Therefore, this work reports on a strategy for the mitigation and reduction of mycotoxins in agricultural soil using natural plant pitcher juices from N. mirabilis’ ‘monkey cup’.
The Differences Between Cases With Primary and Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation: A Tertiary Center Study
Authors: YESİL Ahmet , GÜLOGLU Cahfer , GEM Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of cases with primary and recurrent shoulder dislocations.

Methods: Cases who presented to a tertiary center Emergency Medicine Clinic with shoulder dislocation between January 2013 and December 2016 were evaluated.The cases were divided into two groups as primary (Group 1) and recurrent (Group 2) dislocations.Characteristics such as age, gender, seasonal period, dislocation side, causes of trauma, accompanying additional injuries and treatment modalities were compared between the groups.

Results: 119 cases were included in the study. 64.7% (n=77) of the cases were classified as Group 1, and 35.3% (n=42) as Group 2. There was no difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of age, gender and dislocation side (P values: 0.484, 0.570, 0.251, respectively). Inferior dislocations were more common in Group 1 (n=7/77) compared to Group 2 (n=1/42), and a statistically significant difference was found (p=0.009). Group 2 cases (n=19/42) were found to be more common in the spring than group 1 (n=17/77) (p=0.012). Additional injuries were detected in 8.4% of the cases (n=10/119), 8 of them were in group 1 and 2 of them were in group 2, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of additional injury (p=0.491). 11.8% (n=14) of the cases were hospitalized by orthopedics for surgery (open reduction) or closed reduction under general anesthesia. Surgical treatment (open reduction) was applied in 23.8% (n=10/42) in Group 2, and 5.2% (n=4/77) in Group 1, and a statistically significant difference was found between the groups ( p= 0.005).

Conclusion: It was found that surgical treatment was preferred more frequently on recurrent dislocations compared to primary dislocations. Therefore, we recommend that cases with a history of primary dislocation should take precautions for trauma during active periods of social life.
Evaluation of the Modified HASBLED Score for Prediction of In-hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: ASLAN Burhan , İNCİ Ümit , IŞIK Ferhat , KARAHAN Mehmet Zülküf , ÇAP Murat , TATLI İsmail , BOYRAZ Bedrettin , OKŞUL Metin
Published: December 2021

Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak continues to be the common cause of deaths worldwide in recent times. Preventing poor outcomes (death, intubation, non-invasive ventilation, need for intensive care) is the first goal for hospitalized patients. Identifying high-risk patients during hospitalization can provide more effective follow-up and treatment. The HASBLED score is highly predictive for bleeding events in atrial fibrillation patients. We used the HASBLED score to identify patients with frailty, vulnerability, and comorbid diseases, not as a bleeding score. So, we used albumin level instead of labile INR in the score because it shows both the nutritional status and inflammation. We aim to evaluate the modified HASBLED score for predicting mortality and poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Method: In total, 2850 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were screened retrospectively and, after the exclusions, 2041 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the M-HASBLED score as
Evaluation of caregiver burden and quality of life in metastatic prostate cancer patients; Effects of clinical and socioeconomic factors
Authors: YİLDİRİM Ozgen Ahmet , POYRAZ Kerem , ERDUR Erkan , CAN Canan , GUNDOGAN Cihan , YERLİKAYA Halis , YİLDİRİM Serdar , GUZEL Yunus , KÖMEK Halil
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate the caregiver burden and quality of life (QoL) of patients with metastatic prostate cancer and, to evaluate the relationship between questionnaire results and medical, socioeconomic, disease and treatment related factors of the patients.

Methods: One hundred twenty one metastatic prostate cancer patients, and caregivers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer who had at least one bone, lymph node or visceral metastasis who had undergone androgen deprivation or chemotherapy treatments for at least 3 months were included. Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires and Zarit caregiver burden interviews (ZCBI) were conducted with patients and their caregivers seperately. Patients’ disease, treatment, socioeconomic and caregiver related factors were recorded respectively.

Results: Patients’ comorbidities, ECOG score, presence and quantity of bone or visceral metastasis, bone related events, receiving palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, using public transportation resulted in lower SF-36 and higher ZCBI results (p
Limity důkazního použití zpravodajských informací
Authors: Pokorný Ladislav
Published: December 2021

Článek se zabývá možnostmi důkazního použití zpravodajských informací a jeho limity. Má za cíl upozornit na existující limity důkazního použití zpravodajských informací v trestním řízení z pohledu zpravodajských služeb, tedy na limity vyplývající ze specifického charakteru jejich postavení a činnosti, především na požadavek utajení a zachovávání pravidel spolupráce zpravodajských služeb.
Profesní identita studentek učitelství pro mateřské školy a její odraz v portfoliu
Authors: Rodová Veronika , Syslová Zora
Published: December 2021

Předložená studie přináší pohled na portfolio a jeho místo v reflektivně pojatém přípravném vzdělávání učitelů mateřských škol na Pedagogické fakultě Ma­sarykovy univerzity. Cílem studie je přispět k diskuzi o profesionalizačním pojetí přípravy učitelů mateřských škol s využitím akčního výzkumu výukových strategií a jejich vlivu na proces profesního rozvoje studentek. Úvodní část studie je věnová­na teorii učitelského vzdělávání a analýze klíčového pojmu portfolio, která se opírá o přehledovou studii českých i zahraničních zdrojů. Jádro studie tvoří akční výzkum zaměřený na sledování vlivu kurzu Tvorba profesního portfolia na rozvoj profesní identity studentek. Výsledky studie prezentují, jak kooperativní aktivity a vrstevnické hodnocení rozvíjejí interpersonální dovednosti studentek, podporují jejich sebedů­věru a prohlubují porozumění funkci portfolia jako prostředku sebevyjádření a jejich profesního růstu. Nad rámec akčního výzkumu studie přináší čtyři individualizované portréty studentek, které využily portfolia při státní závěrečné zkoušce.
Change in physical activity and stress during COVID-19 in a sample of older adults with exercise habits
Authors: Vajda Petr , Strašilová Kateřina , Svobodová Lenka
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUNDː The COVID-19 outbreak forced many states to introduce public health and social measures (PHSM), which may pose an obstacle to performing physical activity (PA).METHODS: This study investigated PA levels and their changes and perceived stress in a sample of 193 participants (aged 71.21 ± 4.87 years) engaged in exercise lessons prior to PSHM. Data were collected via an online survey distributed directly to the participants. The survey included two instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale.RESULTS: The results indicate that sports habits may be a protective factor in staying active and meting PA recommendations. Nevertheless, there were no associations between the number of exercise lessons in the pre-COVID-19 period and PA level or the perceived change in PA during PSHM. Ability to replace the cancelled exercise lesson with PA of similar duration and intensity was negatively associated with PA levels and its change. The PSS-10 score suggests that the sample did not experience a significant increase in perceived stress, but the relationship of this outcome to PA is unclear.CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of alternative PA that could be performed during PHSM and building long-term exercise habits in older adults should be considered.
The Five Characters at Essay’s End: Re-examining Anscombe’s “Modern Moral Philosophy”
Authors: Plato Alex , Reibsamen Jonathan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2021

Anscombe ends her seminal 1958 essay “Modern Moral Philosophy” with a presentation of five characters, each answering an ancient (and contemporary) question as to “whether one might ever need to commit injustice, or whether it won’t be the best thing to do?” Her fifth character is the execrated consequentialist who “shows a corrupt mind.” But who are the first four characters? Do they “show a mind”? And what precisely is the significance (if any) of her presenting those five just then? In this paper, we interpret Anscombe’s essay with an eye to making sense of her character presentation. We argue that the first four characters can be seen to embody the chief negative and positive doctrines of the essay and to thereby represent and charter a pluralistic school of anti-consequentialist ethics. The upshot is something exegetically interesting yet of broader philosophical importance.
What Do They Know of Canada Who Only Canada Know? An Immigrant’s Guide to Multiculturalism and Shy Elitism
Authors: McNeil Daniel ,   Caribbean Philosophical Association
Published: December 2021

This article examines how multiculturalism has overflowed from its governmental and policy articulations into Canadian society and culture more broadly. In doing so, it brings together three fields of research that are often separated and disarticulated from each other. Firstly, it draws on oft-overlooked archival material from agencies, departments and ministries of anti-racism, heritage, human rights, immigration, labour, multiculturalism, race relations, settlement and the status of women between 1971 and 2001. Secondly, it engages with the political and academic careers of “immigrant women” who navigated the credentialism, anti-intellectualism and “shy elitism” that courses through official and corporate forms of multiculturalism, and were recognized by prize-giving institutions for their contributions to Canadian society. Finally, it thinks with and through Black Atlantic intellectuals and an “anti-hierarchical tradition of thought that probably culminates in C.L.R. James’s idea that ordinary people do not need an intellectual vanguard to help them to speak or to tell them what to say” (Gilroy 1993, 79).
Diagnóstico da produção de morangos no oeste catarinense - Safra 2020
Authors: Marchi Thiago , Tormem Ivan , Corrêa Camila , Mota Leila Angela Tirelli da
Published: December 2021

Atividades agrícolas alternativas, como a cultura do morango, têm despertado o interesse de agricultores no Oeste Catarinense (região sul). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico da produção comercial de morangos na safra 2020 desta região, possibilitando o planejamento de ações de assistência técnica no cultivo e de desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva. As informações foram coletadas através de questionários aplicados aos extensionistas rurais da Epagri (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina) responsáveis pelos municípios pertencentes à Unidade de Gestão Técnica 1 (UGT 1 - Oeste Catarinense), englobando 36 municípios. Os dados foram sistematizados, a fim de definir os parâmetros: número de produtores e de plantas por município; número de plantas por cultivar; porcentagem de plantas de “primeiro ciclo” ou com “dois ou mais ciclos”; número e percentual de produtores quanto a: i) origem das mudas utilizadas; ii) recebimento de assistência técnica; iii) sistema de produção; iv) sistema de cultivo; v) rastreabilidade da produção; e vi) valor e forma de comercialização. De acordo com os dados coletados, verificou-se que o Oeste Catarinense possui 68 produtores, que estão presentes em 67% dos municípios e cultivam 358.565 plantas. As cultivares Albion e San Andreas são as mais utilizadas. A maior parte dos cultivos é convencional (70,6%), com uso do sistema semi-hidropônico em bancadas e túnel alto (60,3%). A comercialização in natura e direta ao consumidor é feita por grande parte dos produtores, com valor médio de comercialização de R$ 19,81/kg (3.70 US$). Estas características devem ser levadas em consideração para o planejamento do desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva na região.
Eco-friendly surfactants in glyphosate formulation
Authors: Pessagno Romina C. , Grassi Diego , Pedraza Camila , Thompson Gustavo , Ojeda Carlos
Published: December 2021

Weeds affect various crops worldwide, causing low yields and, therefore, significant economic losses. These losses can be minimized by the use of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, the efficiency of glyphosate depends on the type of agrochemical formulations. The most widely used surfactant is polyethoxylated tallow amine. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of these compounds is that their toxicity is greater than that of glyphosate itself. Thus, this study aimed to develop an environmentally-friendly combination of surfactants that can increase the performance of glyphosate compared to other currently used formulations. Saponin (S) is environmentally friendly and has a unique ability to go through the waxy cuticle of the weed leaf. However, its interfacial properties are very poor. In contrast, the alkyl glucoside (AG) mixture has shown excellent interfacial properties, being an environmentally safe surfactant, but cannot pass through the cuticle. In the present study, we mixed both surfactants. Two formulations were made with 20% (F1) and 2% (F2) of S with 4% AG. To verify the usefulness of our formulations, they were compared against a commercial product. The results showed that the commercial product had better CMC 0.3±0.1% and pC20 1.155±0.099 than our formulations F1 and F2. Formulations F1 and F2 showed better gCMC than the commercial product 36.5±4.1 mN/m and 30.9±1.4 mN/m, respectively. Field tests showed that F2 was more effective than the commercial product in eliminating weeds at the end of the test at 30 days. Our results allowed confirming that the use of saponin improves the efficiency of glyphosate. The work showed that structures similar to cyclopentaneperhydrophenanthrene are very effective for introducing drugs into plants through the leaves. This is an advance in general and in particular for the increase of the yield in certain crops.
Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars in surface river water and sediment
Authors: Savariz Alan , Degenhardt Roberto , Rebellato Raquel , Duarte Sabrina Castilho , D'Agostini Fernanda Maurer , Millezi Alessandra
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the contamination by Salmonella sp. in the Capinzal River, to determine the prevalent serovars, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and the genetic relationships between the serovars identified. A total of 108 samples were collected from 2016 to 2018. The isolation of Salmonella spp. was conducted according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates was evaluated, and isolates were selected for serotyping and verification of genetic similarity using the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Technique. Of the 108 samples collected, 35 (32.4%) were positive for Salmonella; 17.2% of the isolates were from the rural area; and 88.6% were from the urban area. Salmonella was isolated from all collect points along the river, with a higher incidence at the beginning of the urban area, indicating that contamination starts in the rural area and intensifies in the urban area of the city. A percentage of 35.1% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, while 18.9% were considered multidrug-resistant (resistant to at least two antibiotics of different classes). Seven serovars were distinguished from the serotyped isolates, with a prevalence rate of 23.5% for S. Infantis, S. Orion, and S. Javiana; 11.8% for S. Senfterberg, and 5.9% for S. Montevideo, S. Heidelberg, and S. enterica subsp. enterica (O: 6.8). The variability in specific restriction sites generated by PFGE resulted in 10 pulsotypes, separating mainly different serotypes.
Efeito do tratamento preservante e da exposição a campo na resistência mecânica da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana
Authors: Vivian Magnos Alan , Modes Karina Soares , Santini Elio José , Morais Weslley Wilker Correa , Carvalho Douglas Edson
Published: December 2021

A madeira, em razão de sua constituição química, apresenta suscetibilidade a agentes biodeterioradores, especialmente quando exposta a condições adversas, como em contato com o solo. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento preservante com Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA) e do tempo de exposição a campo na resistência mecânica das madeiras de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana. Para isso foram utilizadas árvores com 16 anos de idade, de ambas das espécies, que foram desdobradas em tábuas e submetidas à secagem ao ar livre para, posteriormente, efetuar-se o tratamento preservante em autoclave com CCA. A partir das tábuas tratadas confeccionaram-se corpos de prova nas dimensões de 2,0 x 2,0 x 30,0 cm, que foram instalados em campos de apodrecimento em duas áreas distintas, campo aberto e floresta, no município de Santa Maria/RS. Periodicamente foram coletados corpos de prova para avaliar sua degradação ao longo do tempo de exposição, os quais foram submetidos ao teste mecânico de flexão estática. Com base nos resultados obtidos observou-se que o tratamento preservante apresentou efeito benéfico, mantendo a resistência mecânica da madeira por um período de tempo maior. O efeito foi mais pronunciado para a madeira de E. cloeziana, que naturalmente já apresentava maior resistência mecânica que a madeira de E. grandis. Assim, conclui-se que o tratamento é eficiente na redução da deterioração da madeira a campo.