bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Transition on a Pitching Rotor Blade Airfoil
Authors: Richter K. , Koch S. , Gardner A. D. , Mai H. , Klein A. , Rohardt C. H.
Published: November 2013

The unsteady flow around a pitching helicopter main rotor blade airfoil, the EDI-M109, was experimentally investigated at conditions similar to those existing on a retreating rotor blade in forward flight. High-speed pressure measurements and hot film anemometry were used to investigate
the unsteady transition characteristics of the airfoil. Results are presented for dynamic test points with attached flow, light dynamic stall, and deep dynamic stall at M = 0.3, Re = 1.8 × 106, and f = 6.6 Hz. The results include the discussion of the
periodicity of the hot film signals for different flow states. The transition process of the pitching airfoil is analyzed, and the significance of the intermittent region is described. A time delay between the transition and the model motion is discussed, and a linear relationship between
the transition position and time is observed. The influences of the pitching amplitude on the transition characteristics are discussed, and the flow separation initiating dynamic stall is analyzed.
Investigation of Maximum Blade Loading Capability of Lift-Offset Rotors
Authors: Yeo Hyeonsoo , Johnson Wayne
Published: November 2013

The maximum blade loading capability of a coaxial, lift-offset rotor is investigated using a rotorcraft configuration designed in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The aircraft was sized for a 6600-lb payload and a range of 300 nm. The rotor planform
and twist were optimized for hover and cruise performance. For the present rotor performance calculations, the collective pitch angle is progressively increased up to and through stall with the shaft angle set to zero. The effects of lift offset on rotor lift, power, controls, and blade airloads
and structural loads are examined. The maximum lift capability of the coaxial rotor increases as lift offset increases and extends well beyond the McHugh lift boundary as the lift potential of the advancing blades are fully realized. A parametric study is conducted to examine the differences
between the present coaxial rotor and the McHugh rotor in terms of maximum lift capabilities and to identify important design parameters that define the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The effects of lift offset on rotor blade airloads and structural loads are also investigated. Flap
bending moment increases substantially as lift offset increases to carry the hub roll moment even at low collective values. The magnitude of flap bending moment is dictated by the lift-offset value (hub roll moment) but is less sensitive to collective and speed.
Early Precursors of Low Attention and Hyperactivity in Moderately and Very Preterm Children at Preschool Age
Authors: Morales M. Regina , Polizzi Concetta , Sulliotti Giorgio , Mascolino Claudia , Perricone Giovanna
Published: November 2013

The low attention and hyperactivity are major morbidities associated with very and moderately preterm birth. The study has been aimed at investigating the likely occurrence of early precursors of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in very and moderately preterm children at preschool age. The involved children were: 25 very preterm children (M=29.4 weeks of gestational age, SD=2), with low birth weight (M=1200 g, SD=250 g); 35 moderately preterm children (M=34.6 weeks of gestational age, SD=1) with low birth weight (M=2100 g, SD=250 g); 60 healthy full-term children as the control group. Parents of children have been administered specific questionnaires to detect low attention and hyperactivity of their children at home. The data have shown the risk of precursors of ADHD, highlighting statistically significant birth-related differences in both hyperactivity/impulsivity [F(2,119)=3.5, P=0.03, η2=0.06] and inattention [F(2,119)=2.4, P=0.04, η2=0.04], where very preterm children have got higher scores in these two dimensions compared with full-term and moderately preterm children. The very preterm children have got higher scores of impulsivity and inattention than the full-term children (Tukey’HSD − Honestly Significant Difference; P<0.001).
Fascination and Social Togetherness–-Discussions about Spice Smoking on a Swedish Internet Forum
Authors: Kjellgren Anette , Henningsson Helena , Soussan Christophe
Published: November 2013

Spice is a smoking mixture containing synthetic cannabinoids with psychoactive effects similar to herbal cannabis. It is sold on the Internet and has become popular among young people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate experiences of intoxication induced by Spice, as described on a Swedish internet-based discussion forum. A systematic search yielded 40 reports, which were analyzed using phenomenological method. A total of 7 themes (composed of 27 categories) emerged from the analysis: 1. Spice use as social ritual; 2. Social secretiveness; 3. Intoxication remarks; 4. Well-being and elation; 5. Altered perception of reality; 6. Fears and coping; 7. Unpleasant physical effects. The results show that smoking was a social activity mostly carried out in small peer-groups, and that the substances induced strong intoxication with both positive and negative effects. Despite fears and unpleasant effects, the intoxication was often considered fascinating and rewarding.
Relations between minimal usco and minimal cusco maps
Authors: Holá Ľubica , Holý Dušan
Published: November 2013

In our paper we give a characterization of (set-valued) maps which are minimal usco and minimal cusco simultaneously. Let

X

be a topological space and

Y

be a Banach space. We show that there is a bijection between the space

\operatorname{MU}(X,Y)

of minimal usco maps from

X

to

Y

and the space

\operatorname{MC}(X,Y)

of minimal cusco maps from

X

to

Y

, and we study this bijection with respect to various topologies on underlying spaces. Let

X

be a Baire space and

Y

be a Banach space. Then

(\operatorname{MU}(X,Y),\tau_U)

and

(\operatorname{MC}(X,Y),\tau_U)

are homeomorphic, where

\tau_U

is the topology of uniform convergence.
Variational analysis for Dirichlet impulsive differential equations with oscillatory nonlinearity
Authors: Afrouzi Ghasem A. , Hadjian Armin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: November 2013

By using variational methods and critical point theory, we establish the existence of infinitely many solutions for second-order impulsive differential equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, depending on two real parameters.
Rigidity index preservation of regular holonomic $\mathcal{D}$-modules under Fourier transform
Authors: Paiva Adelino
Published: November 2013

This paper gives a purely algebraic proof that the Fourier transform preserves the rigidity index of irreducible regular holonomic

\mathcal{D}_{\mathbb{P}^1}[*\{\infty\}]

-modules.
Conversion of a single-facility pediatric antimicrobial stewardship program to multi-facility application with computerized provider order entry and clinical decision support
Authors: Warhurst H.M. , Smith S.S. , Cox E.G. , Crumby A.S. , Nichols K.R. , Webber E.C.
Published: November 2013

Objective: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) help meet quality and safety goals with regard to antimicrobial use. Prior to CPOE implementation, the ASP at our pediatric tertiary hospital developed a paper-based order set containing recommendations for optimization of dosing. In adapting our ASP for CPOE, we aimed to preserve consistency in our ASP recommendations and expand ASP expertise to other hospitals in our health system.

Methods: Nine hospitals in our health system adopted pediatric CPOE and share a common domain (Cerner Millenium™). ASP clinicians developed sixty individual electronic order sets (vendor reference PowerPlans™) to be used independently or as part of larger electronic order sets. Analysis of incidents reported during CPOE implementation and medication variances reports was used to determine the effectiveness of the ASP adaptation.

Results: 769 unique PowerPlans™ were used 15,889 times in the first 30 days after CPOE implementation. Of these, 43 were PowerPlans™ included in the ASP design and were used a total of 1149 times (7.2% of all orders). During CPOE implementation, 437 incidents were documented, 1.1% of which were associated with ASP content or workflow. Additionally, analysis of medication variance following CPOE implementation showed that ASP errors accounted for 2.9% of total medication variances.

Discussion: ASP content and workflow accounted for proportionally fewer incidents than expected as compared to equally complex and frequently used CPOE content.

Conclusions: Well-defined ASP recommendations and modular design strengthened successful CPOE implementation, as well as the adoption of specialized pediatric ASP expertise with other facilities.

Citation: Webber EC, Warhurst HM, Smith SS, Cox EG, Crumby AS, Nichols KR. Conversion of a single-facility pediatric antimicrobial stewardship program to multifacility application with computerized provider order entry and clinical decision support. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 556–568 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-07-RA-0054
Trends in stratospheric ozone profiles using functional mixed models
Authors: Park A. , Guillas S. , Petropavlovskikh I.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the modeling of altitude-dependent patterns of ozone variations over time. Umkehr ozone profiles (quarter of Umkehr layer) from 1978 to 2011 are investigated at two locations: Boulder (USA) and Arosa (Switzerland). The study consists of two statistical stages. First we approximate ozone profiles employing an appropriate basis. To capture primary modes of ozone variations without losing essential information, a functional principal component analysis is performed. It penalizes roughness of the function and smooths excessive variations in the shape of the ozone profiles. As a result, data-driven basis functions (empirical basis functions) are obtained. The coefficients (principal component scores) corresponding to the empirical basis functions represent dominant temporal evolution in the shape of ozone profiles. We use those time series coefficients in the second statistical step to reveal the important sources of the patterns and variations in the profiles. We estimate the effects of covariates – month, year (trend), quasi-biennial oscillation, the solar cycle, the Arctic oscillation, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation cycle and the Eliassen–Palm flux – on the principal component scores of ozone profiles using additive mixed effects models. The effects are represented as smooth functions and the smooth functions are estimated by penalized regression splines. We also impose a heteroscedastic error structure that reflects the observed seasonality in the errors. The more complex error structure enables us to provide more accurate estimates of influences and trends, together with enhanced uncertainty quantification. Also, we are able to capture fine variations in the time evolution of the profiles, such as the semi-annual oscillation. We conclude by showing the trends by altitude over Boulder and Arosa, as well as for total column ozone. There are great variations in the trends across altitudes, which highlights the benefits of modeling ozone profiles.
Arctic stratospheric dehydration – Part 1: Unprecedented observation of vertical redistribution of water
Authors: Khaykin S. M. , Engel I. , Vömel H. , Formanyuk I. M. , Kivi R. , Korshunov L. I. , Krämer M. , Lykov A. D. , Meier S. , Naebert T. , Pitts M. C. , Santee M. L. , Spelten N. , Wienhold F. G. , Yushkov V. A. , Peter T.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We present high-resolution measurements of water vapour, aerosols and clouds in the Arctic stratosphere in January and February 2010 carried out by in situ instrumentation on balloon sondes and high-altitude aircraft combined with satellite observations. The measurements provide unparalleled evidence of dehydration and rehydration due to gravitational settling of ice particles. An extreme cooling of the Arctic stratospheric vortex during the second half of January 2010 resulted in a rare synoptic-scale outbreak of ice polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) remotely detected by the lidar aboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite. The widespread occurrence of ice clouds was followed by sedimentation and consequent sublimation of ice particles, leading to vertical redistribution of water inside the vortex. A sequence of balloon and aircraft soundings with chilled mirror and Lyman- α hygrometers (Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer, CFH; Fast In Situ Stratospheric Hygrometer, FISH; Fluorescent Airborne Stratospheric Hygrometer, FLASH) and backscatter sondes (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector, COBALD) conducted in January 2010 within the LAPBIAT (Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility) and RECONCILE (Reconciliation of Essential Process Parameters for an Enhanced Predictability of Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Loss and its Climate Interactions) campaigns captured various phases of this phenomenon: ice formation, irreversible dehydration and rehydration. Consistent observations of water vapour by these independent measurement techniques show clear signatures of irreversible dehydration of the vortex air by up to 1.6 ppmv in the 20–24 km altitude range and rehydration by up to 0.9 ppmv in a 1 km thick layer below. Comparison with space-borne Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) water vapour observations allow the spatiotemporal evolution of dehydrated air masses within the Arctic vortex to be derived and upscaled.
Systematic analysis of tropospheric NO2 long-range transport events detected in GOME-2 satellite data
Authors: Zien A. W. , Richter A. , Hilboll A. , Blechschmidt A.-M. , Burrows J. P.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Intercontinental long-range transport (LRT) events of NO2 relocate the effects of air pollution from emission regions to remote, pristine regions. We detect transported plumes in tropospheric NO2 columns measured by the GOME-2/MetOp-A instrument with a specialized algorithm and trace the plumes to their sources using the HYSPLIT lagrangian transport model. With this algorithm we find 3808 LRT events over the ocean for the period 2007 to 2011. LRT events occur frequently in the mid-latitudes, emerging usually from coastal high-emission regions. In the free troposphere, plumes of NO2 can travel for several days to the polar oceanic atmosphere or to other continents. They travel along characteristic routes and originate from both continuous anthropogenic emission and emission events such as bush fires. Most NO2 LRT events occur during autumn and winter months, when meteorological conditions and emissions are most favorable. The evaluation of meteorological data shows that the observed NO2 LRT is often linked to cyclones passing over an emission region.
Snow cover sensitivity to black carbon deposition in the Himalaya: from atmospheric and ice core measurements to regional climate simulations
Authors: Ménégoz M. , Krinner G. , Balkanski Y. , Boucher O. , Cozic A. , Lim S. , Ginot P. , Laj P. , Jacobi H. W. , Gallée H. , Marinoni A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We applied a climate-chemistry model to evaluate the impact of black carbon (BC) deposition on the Himalayan snow cover from 1998 to 2008. Using a stretched grid with a resolution of 50 km over this complex topography, the model reproduces reasonably well the observations of both the snow cover duration and the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric BC concentration including a maximum in atmospheric BC during the pre-monsoon period. Comparing the simulated BC concentrations in the snow with observations is challenging because of the high spatial variability and the complex vertical distribution of BC in the snow. We estimate that both wet and dry BC depositions affect the Himalayan snow cover reducing its annual duration by one to eight days. The resulting increase of the net shortwave radiation at the surface reaches an annual mean of 1 to 3 W m−2, leading to a localised warming of 0.05 to 0.3 °C.
Assessment of aerosol's mass concentrations from measured linear particle depolarization ratio (vertically resolved) and simulations
Authors: Nemuc A. , Vasilescu J. , Talianu C. , Belegante L. , Nicolae D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Multi-wavelength depolarization Raman lidar measurements from Magurele, Romania are used in this study along with simulated mass-extinction efficiencies to calculate the mass concentration profiles of different atmospheric components, due to their different depolarization contribution to the 532 nm backscatter coefficient. Linear particle depolarization ratio (δpart) was computed using the relative amplification factor and the system-dependent molecular depolarization. The low depolarizing component was considered as urban/smoke, with a mean δpart of 3%, while for the high depolarizing component (mineral dust) a mean δpart of 35% was assumed. For this study 11 months of lidar measurements were analysed. Two study cases are presented in details: one for a typical Saharan dust aerosol intrusion, 10 June 2012 and one for 12 July 2012 when a lofted layer consisting of biomass burning smoke extended from 3 to 4.5 km height. Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds software package (OPAC) classification and conversion factors were used to calculate mass concentrations. We found that calibrated depolarization measurements are critical in distinguishing between smoke-reach aerosol during the winter and dust-reach aerosol during the summer, as well as between elevated aerosol layers having different origins. Good agreement was found between lidar retrievals and DREAM- Dust REgional Atmospheric Model forecasts in cases of Saharan dust. Our method was also compared against LIRIC (The Lidar/Radiometer Inversion Code) and very small differences were observed.
Comparison of profile total ozone from SBUV(v8.6) with GOME-type and ground-based total ozone for 16-yr period (1996 to 2011)
Authors: Chiou E. W. , Bhartia P. K. , McPeters R. D. , Loyola D. G. , Coldewey-Egbers M. , Fioletov V. E. , Van Roozendael M. , Lerot C. , Spurr R. , Frith S. M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper describes the comparison of the variability of total column ozone inferred from the three independent multi-year data records, namely, (i) SBUV(v8.6) profile total ozone, (ii) GTO(GOME-Type total ozone), and (iii) Ground-based total ozone data records covering the 16-yr overlap period (March 1996 through June 2011). Analyses are conducted based on area weighted zonal means for (0–30° S), (0–30° N), (50–30° S), and (30–60° N). It has been found that on average, the differences in monthly zonal mean total ozone vary between −0.32 to 0.76 % and are well within 1%. For "GTO minus SBUV", the standard deviations and ranges (maximum minus minimum) of the differences regarding monthly zonal mean total ozone vary between 0.58 to 0.66% and 2.83 to 3.82% respectively, depending on the latitude band. The corresponding standard deviations and ranges regarding the differences in monthly zonal mean anomalies show values between 0.40 to 0.59% and 2.19 to 3.53%. The standard deviations and ranges of the differences "Ground-based minus SBUV" regarding both monthly zonal means and anomalies are larger by a factor of 1.4 to 2.9 in comparison to "GTO minus SBUV". The Ground-based zonal means, while show no systematic differences, demonstrate larger scattering of monthly data compared to satellite-based records. The differences in the scattering are significantly reduced if seasonal zonal averages are analyzed. The trends of the differences "GTO minus SBUV" and "Ground-based minus SBUV" are found to vary between −0.04 and 0.12% yr−1 (−0.11 and 0.31 DU yr−1). These negligibly small trends have provided strong evidence that there are no significant time dependent differences among these multi-year total ozone data records. Analyses of the deviations from pre-1980 level indicate that for the overlap period of 1996 to 2010, all three data records show gradual recovery at (30–60° N) from −5% in 1996 to −2% in 2010. The corresponding recovery at (50–30° S) is not as obvious until after 2006.
Impact of satellite viewing swath width on global and regional aerosol optical thickness statistics and trends
Authors: Colarco P. R. , Kahn R. A. , Remer L. A. , Levy R. C.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product to assess the impact of reduced swath width on global and regional AOT statistics and trends. Ten different sampling strategies are employed, in which the full MODIS dataset is sub-sampled with various narrow-swath (~400–800 km) and curtain-like (~10 km) along-track configurations. Although view-angle artifacts in the MODIS AOT retrieval confound direct comparisons between averages derived from different sub-samples, careful analysis shows that with many portions of the Earth essentially unobserved, the AOT statistics of these sub-samples exhibit significant regional and seasonal biases. These AOT spatial sampling artifacts comprise up to 60% of the full-swath AOT value under moderate aerosol loading, and can be as large as 0.1 in some regions under high aerosol loading. Compared to full-swath observations, narrower swaths exhibit a reduced ability to detect AOT trends with statistical significance, and for curtain-like sampling we do not find any statistically significant decadal-scale trends at all. An across-track sampling strategy obviates the MODIS view angle artifact, and its mean AOT converges to the full-swath mean values for sufficiently coarse spatial and temporal aggregation. Nevertheless, across-track sampling has significant seasonal-regional sampling artifacts, leading to biases comparable to the curtain-like along-track sampling, lacks sufficient coverage to assign statistical significance to aerosol trends, and is not achievable with an actual narrow-swath or curtain-like instrument. These results suggest that future aerosol satellite missions having significantly less than full-swath viewing are unlikely to sample the true AOT distribution well enough to determine decadal-scale trends or to obtain the statistics needed to reduce uncertainty in aerosol direct forcing of climate.
The dynamics of the Snowball Earth Hadley circulation for off-equatorial and seasonally varying insolation
Authors: Voigt A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. I study the Hadley circulation of a completely ice-covered Snowball Earth through simulations with a comprehensive atmosphere general circulation model. Because the Snowball Earth atmosphere is an example of a dry atmosphere, these simulations allow me to test to what extent dry theories and idealized models capture the dynamics of realistic dry Hadley circulations. Perpetual off-equatorial as well as seasonally varying insolation is used, extending a previous study for perpetual on-equatorial (equinox) insolation. Vertical diffusion of momentum, representing the momentum transport of dry convection, is fundamental to the momentum budgets of both the winter and summer cells. In the zonal budget, it is the primary process balancing the Coriolis force. In the meridional budget, it mixes meridional momentum between the upper and the lower branch and thereby decelerates the circulation. Because of the latter, the circulation intensifies by a factor of three when vertical diffusion of momentum is suppressed. For seasonally varying insolation, the circulation undergoes rapid transitions from the weak summer into the strong winter regime. Consistent with previous studies in idealized models, these transitions result from a mean-flow feedback, because of which they are insensitive to the treatment of vertical diffusion of momentum. Overall, the results corroborate previous findings for perpetual on-equatorial insolation. They demonstrate that descriptions of realistic dry Hadley circulations, in particular their strength, need to incorporate the vertical momentum transport by dry convection, a process that is neglected in most dry theories and idealized models. An improved estimate of the strength of the Snowball Earth Hadley circulation will also help to better constrain the climate of a possible Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth and its deglaciation threshold.
Automated field detection of rock fracturing, microclimate, and diurnal rock temperature and strain fields
Authors: Warren K. , Eppes M.-C. , Swami S. , Garbini J. , Putkonen J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The rates and processes that lead to non-tectonic rock fracture on Earth's surface are widely debated but poorly understood. Few, if any, studies have made the direct observations of rock fracturing under natural conditions that are necessary to directly address this problem. An instrumentation design that enables concurrent high spatial and temporal monitoring resolution of (1) diurnal environmental conditions of a natural boulder and its surroundings in addition to (2) the fracturing of that boulder under natural full-sun exposure is described herein. The surface of a fluvially transported granite boulder was instrumented with (1) six acoustic emission (AE) sensors that record micro-crack associated, elastic wave-generated activity within the three-dimensional space of the boulder, (2) eight rectangular rosette foil strain gages to measure surface strain, (3) eight thermocouples to measure surface temperature, and (4) one surface moisture sensor. Additionally, a soil moisture probe and a full weather station that measures ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, insolation, and precipitation were installed adjacent to the test boulder. AE activity was continuously monitored by one logger while all other variables were acquired by a separate logger every 60 s. The protocols associated with the instrumentation, data acquisition, and analysis are discussed in detail. During the first four months, the deployed boulder experienced almost 12 000 AE events, the majority of which occur in the afternoon when temperatures are decreasing. This paper presents preliminary data that illustrates data validity and typical patterns and behaviors observed. This system offers the potential to (1) obtain an unprecedented record of the natural conditions under which rocks fracture and (2) decipher the mechanical processes that lead to rock fracture at a variety of temporal scales under a range of natural conditions.
Development of a plume-in-grid model for industrial point and volume sources: application to power plant and refinery sources in the Paris region
Authors: Kim Y. , Seigneur C. , Duclaux O.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Plume-in-grid (PinG) models incorporating a host Eulerian model and a subgrid-scale model (usually a Gaussian plume or puff model) have been used for the simulations of stack emissions (e.g., fossil fuel-fired power plants and cement plants) for gaseous and particulate species such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) and mercury (Hg). Here, we describe the extension of a PinG model to study the impact of an oil refinery where volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions can be important. The model is based on a reactive PinG model for ozone (O3), which incorporates a three-dimensional (3-D) Eulerian model and a Gaussian puff model. The model is extended to treat PM, with treatments of aerosol chemistry, particle size distribution, and the formation of secondary aerosols, which are consistent in both the 3-D Eulerian host model and the Gaussian puff model. Furthermore, the PinG model is extended to include the treatment of volume sources to simulate fugitive VOC emissions. The new PinG model is evaluated over Greater Paris during July 2009. Model performance is satisfactory for O3, PM2.5 and most PM2.5 components. Two industrial sources, a coal-fired power plant and an oil refinery, are simulated with the PinG model. The characteristics of the sources (stack height and diameter, exhaust temperature and velocity) govern the surface concentrations of primary pollutants (NOx, SO2 and VOC). O3 concentrations are impacted differently near the power plant than near the refinery, because of the presence of VOC emissions at the latter. The formation of sulfate is influenced by both the dispersion of SO2 and the oxidant concentration; however, the former tends to dominate in the simulations presented here. The impact of PinG modeling on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is small and results mostly from the effect of different oxidant concentrations on biogenic SOA formation. The investigation of the criteria for injecting plumes into the host model (fixed travel time and/or puff size) shows that a size-based criterion is recommended to treat the formation of secondary aerosols (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium), in particular, farther downwind of the sources (from about 15 km). The impacts of the PinG modeling are less significant in a simulation with a coarse grid size (10 km) than with a fine grid size (2 km), because the concentrations of the species emitted from the PinG sources are relatively less important compared to background concentrations when injected into the host model.
Endometrioma-Associated Infertility: Is Surgery Still the Best Way to Go?
Authors: Muzii Ludovico , Lecce Francesca , Achilli Chiara , Antonilli Morena , Musella Angela , Palaia Innocenza , Panici Pierluigi Benedetti
Published: November 2013

Purpose

Endometriomas are frequently associated with female infertility. In these cases, management options include surgery and IVF. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate current literature on the treatment of endometrioma-associated infertility and to compare the pros and cons of the different therapeutic approaches.

Methods

Literature search of published studies on the treatment of ovarian endometriomas in infertile patients. Studies were evaluated both on the efficacy of the surgical treatment on postoperative reproductive outcome and on the effect of surgery on the ovarian reserve.

Results

Pregnancy rates around 50% have been consistently reported after surgery, which compare favorably with those obtained with IVF. Surgery is effective also on associated pain, and the histological evaluation of the excised specimen rules out a possible unexpected ovarian malignancy. Thorough histological analysis of the excised specimen permits the evaluation of the appropriateness of surgery.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic excision of the ovarian endometrioma in infertile patients should still be considered the treatment of choice, particularly in case of associated pain. Surgery should be performed following appropriate techniques, and by dedicated surgeons, in order to decrease the possible damage to the ovarian reserve that has been recently reported postoperatively.
Detection of Endometrial Nerve Fibres – a Novel Technique to Diagnose Endometriosis
Authors: Yadav Garima , Radhakrishnan Gita , Singh Navjeevan , Radhika A.G.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To detect the presence of nerve fibres by immunohistochemical staining method using anti-PGP9.5 antibody in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis.

Methods

Patients presenting with pelvic pain and/or infertility were subjected to premenstrual endometrial biopsy during laparoscopy. Thirty patients diagnosed with endometriosis formed the study group and 30 patients with no histological/laparoscopic evidence of endometriosis formed the control group. Endometrial biopsy tissue of all the 60 patients along with biopsy from endometriomas and peritoneal implants of confirmed cases of endometriosis (n = 30) were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to detect nerve fibres.

Results

Neural elements were observed in the eutopic endometrium of 24/30 cases (80%) in the study group and in none of the controls (p<0.01), while the sections from endometriomas and peritoneal implants demonstrated nerve fibres in all the 30 cases of confirmed endometriosis. The nerve fibres in the endometrial tissue were heterogeneously distributed and were sparse in number with an observed density of <1 nerve fibre/mm2 while they were present in large numbers in the ectopic endometrium (10 ± 3 nerve fibre/mm2). Also, the presence of nerve fibres in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium positively correlated with the intensity of pain (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Eutopic endometrium exhibited positivity for nerve fibres in 24 out of 30 cases of proven endometriosis, though the density of nerve fibres was low as compared to that reported in a few studies.
La Supranacionalidad en la Unión Europea. Comparación con el Proceso Centro Americano de Integración
Authors: Ramos Rigoberto Armando
Published: November 2013

La figura clave para que exista en Europa una integración real, es la suprana cionalidad: Los países sacrificaron parte de su soberanía para que un órgano regional esté por encima de ellos.- Las decisiones que se adoptan en las instituciones comunitarias (Consejo de la UE y Parlamento Europeo) son obligatorias para todos los Estados miembros. La supranacionalidad, entendida como renunciar a ciertos aspectos de la soberanía nacional, ha servido de motor de desarrollo para la integración de Europa y no así a la integración de Centroamérica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v32i0.1249 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 32, Nº 1, Año 2011: 5-27
La Pobreza y su relación con la Migración como problema social
Authors: Lopez Flores Edna
Published: November 2013

Las limitaciones económicas que afectan al pobre, hacen que este se vea sometido a situaciones terribles de hambre, insa­lubridad, falta de educación, vestuario, trabajo digno etc., lo cual sumado a las limitaciones económico financieras del Estado para combatir este problema fundamental, hace que nos veamos enfrentados en nuestro diario vivir, con una migración permanente de nuestros connacionales hacia otros países, con la idea de encontrar un trabajo que les permita obtener los ingresos suficientes para la subsistencia de su familia. En el presente trabajo se realiza un repaso de las principales causas que obligan a nuestros compatriotas a dejar su lugar de nacimiento para encontrar nuevos oportunidades de vida. Encontrándonos que esta situación por una parte favorece a nuestro país en el sentido de estabilizar nuestra moneda y dinamizar nuestra economía en vista de las remesas que envían los migrantes. Y por la otra parte que los inmigrantes son los más sacrificados en esta aventura, sufriendo a costa de su vida, su propia desintegración familiar, el terrible marginamiento y la persecución del cual son sujetos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v32i0.1252 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 32, Nº 1, Año 2011: 85-117
Desarrollo Institucional, Procedimiento y Trámites del Registro Nacional de las Personas
Authors: Canales Carias Liborio
Published: November 2013

El Registro Nacional de las Personas es una Institución Ciudadana con sede principal en la capital de la República de Honduras, tiene competencia en el territorio nacional a través de los 298 registros civiles municipales, su función principal es la identificación de las personas naturales, lo cual permite desarrollar un censo nacional electoral como fuente de información fundamental para el Tribunal Supremo Electoral. En esta institución se registran los hechos y actos relativos al Estado Civil de las personas. El objetivo del presente tra­bajo es que sirva de utilidad a la población en general especialmente a los profesio-nales del derecho para que conozcan sobre los diferentes trámites y procedimientos administrativos referentes al Registro Nacional de las Personas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v32i0.1253 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 32, Nº 1, Año 2011: 119-148
Ley Especial de Fomento para las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Desarrollo (ONDG)
Authors: Editora La
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v32i0.1256 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 32, Nº 1, Año 2011: 180-191
The Application of Use Case Modeling in Designing Medical Imaging Information Systems
Authors: Safdari Reza , Farzi Jebraeil , Ghazisaeidi Marjan , Mirzaee Mahboobeh , Goodini Azadeh
Published: November 2013

Introduction. The essay at hand is aimed at examining the application of use case modeling in analyzing and designing information systems to support Medical Imaging services. Methods. The application of use case modeling in analyzing and designing health information systems was examined using electronic databases (Pubmed, Google scholar) resources and the characteristics of the modeling system and its effect on the development and design of the health information systems were analyzed. Results. Analyzing the subject indicated that Provident modeling of health information systems should provide for quick access to many health data resources in a way that patients’ data can be used in order to expand distant services and comprehensive Medical Imaging advices. Also these experiences show that progress in the infrastructure development stages through gradual and repeated evolution process of user requirements is stronger and this can lead to a decline in the cycle of requirements engineering process in the design of Medical Imaging information systems. Conclusion. Use case modeling approach can be effective in directing the problems of health and Medical Imaging information systems towards understanding, focusing on the start and analysis, better planning, repetition, and control.
Determination of Moxifloxacin and its Oxidation Products with Kinetic Evaluation Under Potassium Permanganate Treatment in Acidic Solution by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hubicka Urszula , Żmudzki Paweł , Zajdel Paweł , Krzek Jan
Published: November 2013

A simple, sensitive, and reproducible ultra-performance LC method for the determination of moxifloxacin (MOXI) oxidation stability under permanganate treatment in acidic conditions (pH 3.0–6.0) was developed. Besides the MOXI peak [retention time (RT) = 2.58], four additional products (RT = 0.86, 0.91, 1.42, and 1.89) were observed in all conditions tested. The oxidation process followed second-order reaction kinetics and depended upon solution acidity. The highest reaction rate constant was observed at pH 3.0, and this value decreased as the pH was increased to 6.0. The oxidation products were characterized, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. Two of these products were identified as hydroxyl derivatives of MOXI and two others as their oxidation product analogs with molecular ions of 418.4 and 416.4 m/z, respectively.
Uniform Sampling Table Method and Its Applications: Establishment of a Uniform Sampling Method
Authors: Chen Yibin , Chen Jiaxi , Wang Wei
Published: November 2013

A novel uniform sampling method is proposed in this paper. According to the requirements of uniform sampling, we propose the properties that must be met by analyzing the distribution of samples. Based on this, the proposed uniform sampling method is demonstrated and evaluated strictly by mathematical means such as inference. The uniform sampling tables with respect to Cn(t2) and Cn(t3) are established. Furthermore, a one-dimension uniform sampling method and a multidimension method are proposed. The proposed novel uniform sampling method, which is guided by uniform design theory, enjoys the advantages of simplified use and good representativeness of the whole sample.
A Dispersive Liquid - Liquid Microextraction Methodology for Copper(II) in Environmental Samples Prior to Determination Using Microsample Injection Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Alothman Zeid A , Habila Mohamed , Yilmaz Erkan , Soylak Mustafa
Published: November 2013

A simple, environmentally friendly, and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method combined with microsample injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the separation and preconcentration of Cu(II). 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (5-Br-PADAP) was used to form a hydrophobic complex of Cu(II) ions in the aqueous phase before extraction. To extract the Cu(II)-5-Br-PADAP complex from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, 2.0 mL of acetone as a disperser solvent and 200 μL of chloroform as an extraction solvent were used. The influences of important analytical parameters, such as the pH, types and volumes of the extraction and disperser solvents, amount of chelating agent, sample volume, and matrix effects, on the microextraction procedure were evaluated and optimized. Using the optimal conditions, the LOD, LOQ, preconcentration factor, and RSD were determined to be 1.4 μg/L, 4.7 μg/L, 120, and 6.5%, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was investigated using standard addition/recovery tests. The analysis of certified reference materials produced satisfactory analytical results. The developed method was applied for the determination of Cu in real samples.
Determination of Residues of Cyantraniliprole and Its Metabolite J9Z38 in Watermelon and Soil Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hu Xiuqing , Zhang Changpeng , Zhu Yahong , Wu Min , Cai Xiaoming , Ping Lifeng , Li Zhen
Published: November 2013

A method was developed for the determination of cyantraniliprole (HGW86) and its metabolite J9Z38 in watermelon and soil by ultra-performance LC (UPLC)/MS/MS. Target compounds were extracted by acetonitrile–water, cleaned up on a silica gel column, and determined by UPLC/MS/MS. Average recoveries of cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 in watermelon and soil at three levels (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg) ranged from 85.71 to 105.74%, with RSDs of 0.90–6.34%. The LOQs for cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 were determined to be 0.00021, 0.00015, 0.0010, and 0.00090 mg/kg in watermelon and soil samples, respectively. This method was used to determine the cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in watermelon and soil samples for studies on their dissipation. The trial results showed that the half-lives of cyantraniliprole obtained after treatments were 1.1 and 4.1 days in watermelon and soil in Zhejiang, and 2.7 and 2.6 days in watermelon and soil in Hunan, respectively. The average levels of cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in watermelon and soil were all <0.01 mg/kg within the 14-day interval after treatment.
Simultaneous Determination of Vitamins D2 and D3 by Electrospray Ionization LC/MS/MS in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals: First Action 2012.11
Authors: Gilliland Donald L , Black Charles K , Denison James E , Seipelt Charles T , Baugh Steve
Published: November 2013

A method was developed for the analysis of vitamins D2 and D3 in a variety of nutritional products. To extract vitamins D2 and D3 from products containing substantial amounts of fat, a saponification with alcoholic potassium hydroxide is required to release the vitamin D. Trideuterium- labeled vitamin D is added to the sample prior to saponification, and quantitation is achieved using linear regression of the ratio of peak response for 2H3-D and vitamin D. Acceptable linearity was achieved between 0.6 and 27 μg/100 g with a correlation requirement of >0.999. The method detection limit of 0.02 μg/100 g was verified by spiking placebo products carried through the saponification and extraction steps of the method. At the quantitation limit (0.12 μg/100 g), the signal was easily distinguished from the background. Vitamin D3 spike recoveries ranged from 107 to 119% at the low level and 104 to 116% at the high-level spike. Vitamin D2 recoveries were 105 to 116% and 91 to 110% for the low- and high-level spikes, respectively. SRM 1849a has a certified concentration of 11.1 ± 1.7 μg/100 g; using this standard reference material, the range of 9.4 to 12.8 μg/100 g was met on each of the 6 days. Method repeatability, determined in 12 vitamin D3 product matrixes over 6 days, ranged from 3.9 to 48%. The adult nutrition-milk protein sample was the most notable; it failed within-day, as well as day-to-day, precision requirements. There was no attempt to optimize the sample preparation to accommodate any problem matrix.
Probability of Identification: Adulteration of American Ginseng with Asian Ginseng
Authors: Harnly James , Chen Pei , Harrington Peter de B
Published: November 2013

The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods were applied to the detection of Asian Ginseng [Panax ginseng (PG)] as an adulterant for American Ginseng [P. quinquefolius (PQ)] using spectral fingerprints obtained by flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS). Samples of 100% PQ and 100% PG were physically mixed to provide 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The multivariate FIMS fingerprint data were analyzed using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) based on 100% PQ. The Q statistic, a measure of the degree of non-fit of the test samples with the calibration model, was used as the analytical parameter. FIMS was able to discriminate between 100% PQ and 100% PG, and between 100% PQ and 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The probability of identification (POI) curve was estimated based on the SD of 90% PQ. A digital model of adulteration, obtained by mathematically summing the experimentally acquired spectra of 100% PQ and 100% PG in the desired ratios, agreed well with the physical data and provided an easy and more accurate method for constructing the POI curve. Two chemometric modeling methods, SIMCA and fuzzy optimal associative memories, and two classification methods, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and fuzzy rule-building expert systems, were applied to the data. The modeling methods correctly identified the adulterated samples; the classification methods did not.
Latest Developments in Assessing Antifungal Activity Using TLC-Bioautography: A Review
Authors: Favre-Godal Quentin , Queiroz Emerson Ferreira , Wolfender Jean-Luc
Published: November 2013

This paper reviews the use of TLC-bioautography in the search for antifungal compounds from natural sources. The main methods used for antifungal screening are presented, with special emphasis on bioautography. Different aspects of the technique, including the latest chromatographic developments such as HPTLC and HPLC microfractionation are presented. The present status and recent advances made in antifungal bioautography are discussed, and a comprehensive review of the applications over the last 6 years is presented. Various strategies applied in the search for antifungal compounds from natural sources are discussed, with a highlight on the challenges faced when screening complex crude mixtures. The activities of approximately 100 antifungal compounds of natural origin are presented with their minimum inhibitory quantity. The most active natural source compounds against Candida, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, and Fusarium species are highlighted, and the compound activities discussed. In addition, perspectives concerning future improvements in bioautography sensitivity and reproducibility are noted.