bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potensi Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Sumber Bakteri Untuk Produksi Protease, Amilase Dan Selulase
Authors: Subagiyo Subagiyo , Djarod Muhammad Salauddin Ramadhan , Setyati Wilis Ari
Published: June 2018

The mangrove ecosystem is a productive ecosystem. The production and accumulation of organic matter on the floor of the mangrove ecosystem allows this region to be rich in microbials that are potential to be developed as a source of a wide range of extra cellular enzymes. In this research, bacteria were isolated and used as the source of enzyme. The bacteria were isolated from the existing mangrove sediments on the north coast of Semarang, Central Java. The bacterial potential as a source of protease, amylase and cellulase is done semiquantitatively using well diffusion agar method. The results obtained 18 bacteria isolates which were all capable to produce amylase and cellulase, but only 7 isolates were able to produce proteases. Five isolates had amylase activity above 300 mm2 / ml, three isolates with protease activity above 300 mm2 / ml and 2 isolates with cellulase activity of 225.40 and 204.50 mm2 / ml. Seven isolates are capable of producing amylase, protease and cellulase. The results showed that mangrove ecosystem is a potential source of microbes to produce enzymes protaese, amylase and cellulase and also possible for various other extracellular enzymes. Keyword : bacteria, mangrove, protease, amylase, celluloseEkosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem produktif. Produksi dan akumulasi bahan organik di lantai ekosistem mangrove memungkinkan daerah ini kaya akan mikrobia yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber berbagai macam enzim ekstra seluler. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi bakteri sebagai sumber enzim. Bakteri  diisolasi dari sedimen mangrove yang ada di pantai Utara Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Pengujian potensi bakteri ini sebagai sumber protease,  amilase dan selulase dilakukan secara semikuantitatif menggunakan metode well diffusion agar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 18 isolat bakteri yang seluruhnya mampu memproduksi amylase dan selulase, tetapi hanya 7 isolat yang mampu memproduksi protease. Lima isolat memiliki aktivitas amylase diatas 300 mm2/ml, tiga isolat dengan aktivitas protease diatas 300 mm2/ml dan 2 isolat dengan aktivitas selulase yaitu sebesar 225,40 dan 204,50 mm2/ml. Tujuh isolat  yang mampu menghasilkan amylase, protease dan selulase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove merupakan sumber potensial mikrobia untuk menghasilkan enzim protaese, amylase dan selulase serta juga dimungkinkan untuk berbagai macam ensim ekstraseluler lainnya. Kata kunci : bakteri, mangrove, protease, amylase dan selulase
Bakteri Simbion Karang Lunak Sinularia sp. sebagai Agen Antibakteri
Authors: Widyaningsih Sekar , Sa’adah Nor
Published: June 2018

Abstract Symbiotic bacteria of soft-coral Sinularia sp. as antibacterial agentThe disease caused by bacterial pathogen infection has become a major problem in the world of health. Therefore, it needs new bioactive compond to resolve that problem. Symbiotic bacteria of softcoral are one promising source. This is because symbiotic bacteria of softcoral have the same bioactive compounds as their host. Symbiotic bacteria were isolated from softcoral Sinularia sp. that collected from Tanjung Gelam Waters, Karimunjawa Jepara. The symbiotic bacteria screened for antibacterial activity against E.coli, Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp. and S. aureus with diffution agar method. One of ten symbiotic bacteria was active against, SNTGA 5, with inhibition zone 9.067 ± 0.305 mm against E coli, 8.533 ± 0.416 mm against S. aureus, 9.067 ± 0.058 mm against Enterobacter sp., dan 9.1± 0.557 mm against  Proteus sp.. The molecular identification based on partial 16S DNA, that active isolate was closely related to Pseudomonas stutzeri.Keywords: Antibacterial, Sinularia sp., symbiontic bacterial, PCR 16S DNA, Pseudomonas stutzeri Abstrak Penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri patogen telah menjadi masalah utama dalam dunia kesehatan. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan bahan aktif baru guna mengatasi masalah tersebut. Bakteri simbion karang lunak merupakan salah satu sumber yang menjanjikan. Hal ini karena bakteri simbion karang lunak memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang sama dengan inangnya. Bakteri simbion diisolasi dari karang lunak Sinularia sp. yang dikoleksi dari Perairan Tanjung Gelam Karimunjawa Jepara. Bakteri simbion diuji aktivitasnya terhadap E.coli, Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp. dan S. aureus dengan metode difusi agar. Satu dari 10 bakteri simbion memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, SNTGA5, dengan besar zona hambat 9.067 ± 0.305 mm terhadap E coli, 8.533 ± 0.416 mm terhadap S. aureus, 9.067 ± 0.058 mm terhadap Enterobacter sp., dan 9.1± 0.557 mm terhadap  Proteus sp.. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan menggunakan PCR 16S DNA, dimana isolat yang aktif memiliki memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan Pseudomonas stutzeri.Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Sinularia sp.,  PCR 16S DNA, Pseudomonas stutzeri
Why is the hydrolytic activity of acetylcholinesterase pH dependent? Kinetic study of acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine hydrolysis catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase from electric eel
Authors: Komersová Alena , Kovářová Markéta , Komers Karel , Lochař Václav , Čegan Alexander
Published: June 2018

The dependence of the activity of acetylcholinesterase from electric eel at a pH value range of 4.8–9.8 (phosphate buffer), regarding acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine hydrolysis, was determined at 25 °C, ionic strength of 0.11 M, and initial substrate concentration of 4 mM. At a pH range of 4.8–9.8, the dependences A(pH) form a sigmoid increasing curve with the maximum catalytic activity at a pH range 8–9.5. For acetylcholine hydrolysis, the kinetic reason for such an increase in A consists mainly of an increase in the rate constant k
2 (Michaelis-Menten) model with increasing pH of the reaction mixture. For acetylthiocholine hydrolysis, the kinetic explication of the determined dependence A(pH) is more complicated.
Photocapacitor based on nanocomposite n-InSe
Authors: Netyaga V. V. , Vodop’yanov V. N. , Ivanov V. I. , Tkachyuk I. G. , Kovalyuk Z. D.
Published: June 2018

The n-InSe nanocomposite material was obtained by the method of intercalation of the InSe layered single crystal from a melt of RbNO3 ferroelectric salt, which can be used for the production of a high-specific capacitance photoconductor. X-ray analysis of the structure, AFM-imaging of the surface and measurement of dielectric frequency characteristics of the samples were carried out. It was found that the intercalated InSe samples keeps the type of monocrystalline structure, and the spectrum of X-ray diffraction pattern indicates the implantation of the intercalant in the van der Waals gaps of layered InSe single crystal with an increase in the parameters of the crystal lattice.
AFM images of the surface of nanocomposite material layers show the RbNO3 islands in the form of nanosized rings. The islands' height does not exceed the width of van der Waals gap for InSe, which is ≈ 0,35 nm, and the average outside diameter of the rings is ≈ 50 nm. The ensemble of nanorings is characterized by a high surface density in (0001) plane of the crystal layers (109—1010 cm–2). Thus, the physical phenomena of self-organization of nanostructures with ionic conductivity on the surfaces of layers with a molecular type of bond are used in the making of nanocomposite material for the proposed photoconductor. This allows us to obtain arrays of nanosized 2D inclusions with ionic conductivity and with given geometrical sizes, morphology and spatial distribution in a matrix of a layered crystal.
The developed photoconductor has a high specific electrical capacity, a high coefficient of overlapping of the capacity (≈ 109) in the light, has the ability to accumulate electric charge, it can be used as a low-voltage semiconductor device in optoelectronic memory systems, in photoelectric sensors, in light energy converter and in the storage of electric energy.
Sensitivity of CCD matrices with electronic multiplication
Authors: Reva V. P. , Korinets S. V. , Golenkov A. G. , Sapon S. V. , Torchinsky A. M. , Zabudsky V. V. , Sizov F. F.
Published: June 2018

The sensitivity and basic electrical characteristics of the developed direct illumination matrices with charge-coupled devices and electronic multiplication were investigated at room temperatures and low illumination. Photomatrices of 576´288 and 640´512 format were designed using frame transfer architecture and 1.5-µm design rules with photosensitive cell sizes of 20´30 and 16´16 µm, respectively, and manufactured using n-channel technology with buried channel, four levels of polysilicon electrodes and two levels of metallization. To analyze the possibilities of the developed EMCCD matrices used in monitoring systems at low-light conditions, an experimental assessment of the matrices sensitivity was carried out.
The assessment was based on a comparison of the luxmeter readings and Johnson's criteria using the standard 1951 USAF resolution target test table for the minimum size of line pairs distinguished by the observer (one pair consists of a dark and a light lines). The characteristics obtained with illumination of 5∙10–4 lux (glow of the starry sky with light clouds) and 10–2 lux (glow of the starry sky and the quarter of the Moon) corresponds to the parameters of generation 2+ electron-optical converters, which implies the possibility to use such matrices in night vision devices. At Åv ≈ 5∙10–4 lux, the camera with the developed EMCCD matrices will detect a human figure at the distance of about 200 m. With illumination of 10–2 lux at this distance a human figure can be identified.
A hybrid approach to energy efficient clustering for heterogeneous wireless sensor network
Authors: Bhushan S. , Antoshchuk S.G.
Published: June 2018

Meta-heuristic methods have shown good efficiency in solving optimization problems related to a wide range of practical applications in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Biogeography based optimization (BBO) is an evolutionary technique inspired by the migration of species between habitats which have been applied in solving global optimization problems. The article presents a hybrid approach for clustering wireless sensor networks that combines the meta-heuristic algorithm BBO, and K-environments. The simulation results show that the proposed approach (named KBBO) significantly improved the efficiency of such WSN parameters as stability time, lifetime, residual energy and throughput.
Method for expert choise of industrial automation digital components on the basis of Markov’s model
Authors: Boltenkov V. A. , Kuvaieva V. I. , Chervonenko P. P.
Published: June 2018

Expert evaluation and reasonable selection of digital components in the microelectronic market is a complex and responsible task. For its solution, the known methods of carrying out expert estimations do not fit fully in connection with the laboriousness of the results processing. The development of an expert choice method for digital components that allows you to quickly obtain a generalized collective expert evaluation (CEE), evaluate the consistency of expert opinions and make informed decisions is a quite actually.
The goal of the study is to develop a method for forming a voucher for the selection of digital components of industrial automation systems based on the Markov chain and its verification in the real practical situation. A method is proposed for CEE forming for complex components of automation systems based on the Markov model. When aggregating expert preferences, each alternative is represented as a state of the Markov chain. Next, for the vertices of a Markov graph, the Copeland number is calculated, equal to the difference between the number of arcs entering and leaving the vertex. In collective ranking, alternatives are arranged in descending Copeland numbers.
The developed method has a high speed in comparison with the known analogs. The correctness of the proposed method, its efficiency and speed has been confirmed by real expertise and in the process of computer modeling. The executed researches showed that the developed method for the collective expert evaluation forming works 80-200 times faster than the method based on the median Kemeni. The practical significance of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the real expertise carried out at the enterprise «Krioprom» (Odessa, Ukraine) when purchasing a batch of programmable logic microcontrollers within the large-scale project framework for cleaning units automation of industrial air-separation plants.
Enhancing parameters of silicon varactors using laser gettering
Authors: Vikulin I. M. , Litvinenko V. N. , Shutov S. V. , Maronchuk A. I. , Demenskiy A. N. , Glukhova V. I.
Published: June 2018

The authors investigate how and why defects influence the inverse characteristics of varactors. The paper presents experimental results on the effect laser gettering has on the electrical parameters of varactors. The mechanisms of the laser gettering effect on the parameters of varactors are analyzed.
CAD/CAE method of solving the hydrodynamic problem while developing powerful electronic devices
Authors: Trofimov V. E. , Pavlov A. L. , Mamykin Y. G.
Published: June 2018

The article presents examples of the solution of the hydrodynamic problem that arises in the development of powerful electronic devices requiring liquid cooling using the CAD/CAE modeling method. The authors consider poorly documented or undocumented features of such solution based on the use of free software packages - SALOME, OpenFOAM and ParaView for the CAELinux operating system platform.
Computation of quantity of spare parts by the failure frequency
Authors: Tynynyka A. N.
Published: June 2018

One way to increase the level of reliability is to create sets of spare parts, units, devices to be efficiently replaced in the failed system. System availability ratio is very important for consumers. It depends on the ability to quickly replace a failed component. In order for this system to support function at the proper level, effective management of these spare parts reserve is required. Therefore, acquisition of spare parts is rightly considered as a particular problem of the theory of inventory management, the solution of which is important for ensuring service continuity of a system and, in a number of cases, for achieving the required safety.
The unpredictability of failure of equipment and its parts has a great impact on this problem. One way to reduce the level of unpredictability is to maintain a sufficient number of spare parts, which leads to an increase in the cost of inventory. A cheaper way is to estimate the necessary spare parts using one of the available forecasting models.
Because of this unpredictability, the nature of the demand for spare parts is stochastic, thus the models that establish an unchanged quantity of spare parts for the entire life cycle of the product only depending on the number of equipment in operation do not always provide satisfactory estimates. For this reason, it is preferable to use the models dealing with the estimation of the required number of spare parts based on such parameters as reliability of spare parts, complexity and quality of service, life expectancy, intensity of operation, maintenance costs, etc.
Based on the analysis of reliability and failure rate of technical systems, the required number of spare parts is estimated in this article at the time of the expected failure or when reliability falls below a predetermined level. With the help of the obtained formula, calculations can be made for single sets of spare parts for repair, maintenance and adjustment.
Complete response of Palbociclib in metastatic breast cancer patient: A case report
Authors: Payandeh Mehrdad , Sadeghi Edris , Aeinfar Mehrnoush , Yari Saba
Published: June 2018

Palbociclib, an oral inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6), has been approved for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. The study reported the efficacy of Palbociclib as a new oral drug in a patient with mBC. A 40-year-old female with stage 2 right BC change to stage 4 after about two years later referred to oncology clinic. Due to HR-positivity/HER2-negative, she has treated with Palbociclib 125 mg (per one day for twoweek and one-week intervals) with Letrozole. In new assessment and after 8 months of this oral combination therapy, the chest x-ray of lung showed the complete response. Treatment with Palbociclib plus Letrozole had a complete response in the mBC patient after the common chemotherapies and hormone monotherapy.
Oral manifestation and dental management in a patient with chronic graft versus host disease with around a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Mozaffari Hamid Reza , Sadeghi Masoud , Jamshidy Ladan , Omidpanah Neda , Shoriabi Mohammad , Moradpoor Hedaiat , Sharifi Roohollah
Published: June 2018

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is a complex entity and major complication following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study was the first to report oral manifestation and dental management in a patient with cGVHD after allo-HSCT with a longterm follow-up. A 40-year-old man referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine with complaints of tongue burning, mouth dryness, and ulcers. He had chronic myelogenous leukemia and had undergone allo-HSCT. The patient had undergone treatment with several sessions of extracorporeal photopheresis. The GVHD complications had started about nine months after HSCT. In conclusion, the dentist should play a role in the local therapy of cases with oral manifestation and dental management of cGVHD. Controlling the GVHD can reduce oral and dental alterations, increase the improvement of the quality of life, and reduce the need for more intensive immunosuppressive systemic therapies.
Diversidad de escarabajos copronecrófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote, Chiapas, México
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Gibrán , Gómez Benigno , Delgado Leonardo , Rodríguez-López M. Edivaldo , Chamé-Vázquez Eduardo R.
Published: June 2018

Los escarabajos de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae son considerados importantes para estudios de diversidad biológica y conservación de ecosistemas. Realizan una variedad de funciones y son sensibles a las perturbaciones ambientales. Chiapas es una de las regiones con mayor número de registros de Scarabaeinae en México, pero aún existen extensas zonas con poco conocimiento sobre este grupo de insectos, incluyendo algunas áreas naturales protegidas, como es el caso de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote. Se analizaron los ensambles de escarabajos copronecrófagos, producto de cinco muestreos sistemáticos realizados durante 2011 y 2012, en tres hábitats representativos de la reserva. Las recolecciones se realizaron mediante trampas de caída utilizando calamar, estiércol de cerdo y estiércol vacuno como atrayentes. Se recolectaron 5421 escarabajos de seis tribus, 12 géneros y 37 especies. La cobertura del muestreo fue cercana al 100 % y las evaluaciones indican que la Selva tuvo la riqueza más cercana a la estimada mientras que el cultivo de café es el hábitat con mayor posibilidad de adicionar especies al inventario. Los valores de diversidad beta sugieren que las faunas de los tres hábitats forman parte de una sola comunidad de escarabajos, pero la composición de los gremios tróficos es diferente en todos ellos. La fauna obtenida constituye el 31,1 % de las especies registradas en Chiapas. Este trabajo representa el primer estudio mediante muestreos sistemáticos en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote.
Mythe et religion dans la Cantata Profana de Béla Bartók ou la mystère des fils changés en cerfs
Authors: Miskolczy Ambrus
Published: June 2018

Les sept fils d’un homme sont changés en cerfs. Ils refusent de quitter la forêt où se trouve la source pure à laquelle ils s’abreuvent. La Cantata Profana, inspirée du folklore roumain, mais largement retravaillée par Bartók, suggère plusieurs interprétations possibles, fondées sur l’analyse des mythes et et sur l’interprétation des contes, notamment à la manière proposée par Georg Lukács, dont Bartók fut, d’ailleurs, un admirateur circonspect. Les relations tourmentées de Bartók avec le christianisme, particulièrement avec le catholicisme, placent en outre son oeuvre dans une perspective supplémentaire, dont l’horizon est la nature.
Cultural ideals: Changes in patterns of knowledge (from the point of view of reading history)
Authors: Monok István
Published: June 2018

The present study started out by posing the question: what reasons might lead to the success of Hungarian intellectuals who were schooled in Hungary and who later emigrated to the West. From among the possible answers, we examined one: education and reading culture in Hungary was more complex in a given period than in Western Europe. We consider whether or not this answer is persuasive.

Based on the results provided by basic research in reading history in Hungary in the early modern period, one can safely say that the culture of experts in Hungary was more heterogeneous, and these experts constantly revisited traditional sources and kept them alive. On the other hand, in terms of the depth of professional knowledge and the level of concentration on a given field they were lagging behind their contemporary colleagues in Western Europe. This situation produced a dual eff ect: experts in Hungary had a stronger sense of tradition and they looked for transitional solutions due to the lack of the latest technical development and literature. Out of the Hungarian context, however, they produced outstanding achievements thanks to the more heterogeneous nature of their expertise.
„New classicism” and the music of „new humanity” – Hungarian music historiography and Bence Szabolcsi
Authors: Rákai Zsuzsa
Published: June 2018

Hungarian music historiography traditionally regards the dispute about „new Hungarian music” as a contest between conservative and progressive aesthetic views. However, the artistic problem of the Hungarian intelligentsia in the interwar period were more complex. They had tasks such as synchronizing modernism and nationalism, harmonising 19th century ideals and 20th century compositional ideas and redefining the criteria of the national musical-cultural canon.

The musicologist Bence Szabolcsi created an influential theory on peasant music inspired symphonic style already in the 1920s. He supported Kodály in his articles and he had a conscious intention to establish a new school of Hungarian music. As a young man Szabolcsi created a future oriented golden age theory based on his belief that the classical era was the absolute peak of European music. He made a diff erence between artistic creation (as a reflection of divine creation) and consciuos composition, classicism and romanticism, culture and civilization, and he regarded the latter categories as the signs of perilous European decadence from which there is no other choice but a „new classicism”, that is a „new testament”. Young Szabolcsi thought „new Hungarian music” could be the new and only path leading back to God, to culture, to music.
Maternidade negra em Um defeito de cor: a representação literária como disrupção do nacionalismo
Authors: Silva Fabiana Carneiro da
Published: June 2018

resumo Ao se configurar fundamentalmente como o relato (carta) de uma mãe negra ao filho desaparecido, o romance Um defeito de cor, publicado por Ana Maria Gonçalves em 2006, incita-nos a adentrar de modo detido no conjunto de questões pertinentes à representação da maternidade da mulher negra na literatura produzida no Brasil. Desse modo, neste artigo, recupero criticamente o estereótipo da “mãe preta” para analisar como Um defeito de cor o desconstrói e inscreve em nossa literatura uma experiência complexa de maternidade negra, a qual, de modo particular, é disruptiva em relação ao discurso nacionalista brasileiro, revelando sua dimensão ideológica e racista.
Artivismo, estética feminista e produção de subjetividade
Authors: Stubs Roberta , Teixeira-Filho Fernando Silva , Lessa Patrícia
Published: June 2018

Resumo: Diante da crescente serialização subjetiva e captura biopolítica dos corpos, das práticas estéticas e desejos, faz-se cada vez mais necessário pensarmos na expansão inventiva de nosso território subjetivo como forma de resistência e criação. É diante desse contexto de captura e docilização que recorremos ao feminismo pós-estruturalista, para pensarmos uma possível estética feminista enquanto força afirmativa que tanto desconstrói a ideia de sujeito/a e subjetividade tradicionais quanto produz outras figurações para os corpos e para as subjetividades. Nesse sentido, lançaremos nosso olhar para duas artistas paranaenses, Elisa Riemer e Fernanda Magalhães, para localizar, em seus trabalhos, um artivismo feminista que em um só tempo provoca a desconstrução e a construção de outras relações com os corpos, com as práticas e com a subjetivação.
NBOMe Designer Drugs: GC-MS and LC-QTOF/MS Detection on Blotter Paper by Brazilian Federal Police (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
Authors: Carlos Alberto Yasin Wayhs  , Monique dos Reis  , Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti  , Wanderson Romão  , Boniek Gontijo Vaz  , Fabiano Barreto  , Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz  , Renata Pereira Limberger
Published: June 2018

The NBOMes are classified as new psychoactive substances and have recently become popular as drugs of abuse, being associated with several intoxication cases and even deaths, leading to its ban in several countries. Until now, the most widely used analytical instrument among forensic laboratories in Brazil is GC-MS. In this study, this instrumentation was employed for routine analyzes of twenty blotter paper seizure by Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) in the southernmost state of the country. However, to acquire more information about these samples, LC-QTOF/MS was used as a supplementary analysis to determinate degradation products, metabolites and unknown compounds. The GC-MS analysis detected only 25B-NBOMe, while the LC-QTOF/MS analysis detected 25B-NBOMe, 2C-B and MDMA. The compounds found in these analyzes are quite different from that found in the national profile of seizures by BFP, suggesting that another rout or supplier act in this region. For research and drug intelligence purposes the use of more versatile, sensitive and specific analytical tool provides a greater number of information that could be employed as a valuable strategy in the drug trafficking combat.
Identificação Papiloscópica em Cadáveres Carbonizados – Considerações Médico Legais e a Importância da Integração Pericial
Authors: Aldeir José da Silva  , Fernando Carvalho dos Santos  , Marcelo Mari de Castro  , Polyanna Helena Coelho Bordoni  , Leonardo Santos Bordoni
Published: June 2018

A Antropologia Forense é o ramo pericial no qual há a aplicação dos conhecimentos da antropologia física ao contexto médico legal. Quando o material a ser periciado envolve corpos carbonizados (CC), o conhecimento antropológico forense será essencial nesta análise. Perícias realizadas em CC apresentam grandes dificuldades técnicas, pois a destruição de partes do corpo pode prejudicar a análise antropológica, bem como a identificação do material periciado. Neste trabalho são apresentados dois casos de vítimas de colisões automobilísticas envolvendo os principais aspectos técnicos da autopsia de CC, com ênfase na integração entre os conhecimentos médico legais e datiloscópicos. Nos casos relatados a análise antropológica conseguiu determinar os sexos e estimar as idades ósseas. Em um deles a causa médica da morte permaneceu indeterminada e no outro foi estabelecida como politraumatismo contuso. As mãos direitas apresentavam os dedos fletidos, o que preservou parcialmente as respectivas polpas digitais da ação térmica. As técnicas utilizadas no preparo das luvas epidérmicas manuais permitiram a obtenção de adequadas impressões digitais reveladas, que ao serem comparadas com impressões padrão identificaram ambos os corpos. Os dois casos destacam a importância do trabalho integrado entre diversas áreas de conhecimento para a análise forense de CC e sua identificação.
Análise da Abordagem aos Aspectos Éticos nos Periódicos Científicos Nacionais das Áreas Ciências Biológicas I, II e III
Authors: Marina de Barros Mamede Vidal Damasceno  , José de Maria Albuquerque de Melo Júnior  , Sacha Aubrey Alves Rodrigues Santos  , Adriana Rolim Campos
Published: June 2018

Este estudo verificou se os periódicos científicos nacionais classificados nas áreas Ciências Biológicas I, II e III da CAPES (Webqualis), fazem ou não menção à ética na experimentação animal, exigindo no ato do envio de manuscritos o seguimento de padrões éticos, assim como a existência de uma possível padronização dessas exigências. A amostra elegível foi composta por todos esses periódicos, de classificação A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 e C (Webqualis). Os critérios de inclusão foram os periódicos originários no Brasil. A partir das instruções/diretrizes aos autores, foram identificadas as revistas que contemplavam esse quesito. Foram analisadas 836 revistas, das quais, apenas 13 foram desconsideradas pelo fato de não possuírem informações disponíveis acerca do assunto. Das 823 analisadas, 397 (48,23%) estavam de acordo com a adoção de padrões éticos e 426 (51,76%) não mencionaram essa informação. Estes achados sugerem que os editores dos periódicos nacinais precisam atualizar as instruções aos autores e incluir os aspectos éticos na experimentação animal e estudos envolvendo humanos.
Pregnant with puppies
Authors: Nadal Deborah
Published: June 2018

In New Delhi, some migrants from central-eastern India espouse a belief in ‘puppy pregnancy’, or the notion that after being bitten by a dog its puppies are conceived within the abdomen and their growth leads to an awful death. This article suggests that this belief is related to the widespread fear of rabies. This lethal infectious disease causes one-half of deaths in India, leaving behind grief-stricken families and shocked communities. This rabies-related shock results not only from the disease per se but also from the long, painful, and disturbing post-bite vaccination prophylaxis, using a nervous tissue vaccine, in which bite victims receive fourteen distressing injections in the abdomen in the hope of saving them from death. I propose here that dread of this vaccination may have stimulated, within an already fertile cultural milieu, the belief in this unnatural, animal pregnancy.
Blaming the rat?
Authors: Evans Nicholas H. A.
Published: June 2018

The medical-humanities literature on zoonosis has overwhelmingly stressed the manner in which cross-species diseases challenge anthropocentric accounts of society. This article explores the colonial discovery, between 1896 and 1910, that bubonic plague (the disease responsible for the medieval Black Death) was zoonotic. This scientific work involved a massive, almost industrialised, examination of rat corpses so as to produce an animal linkage in plague. I show that this production of animal agency paradoxically served to hasten an ongoing process whereby human behaviour was identified as the moral locus of disease. The scientific production of zoonosis thus enabled another form of reasoning and judging to come to the fore, which ultimately had the effect of strengthening and heightening existing racial stereotypes and hierarchies. Far from challenging an anthropocentric worldview, this zoonosis helped to re-establish one.
Zoonosis
Authors: Keck Frédéric , Lynteris Christos
Published: June 2018

n/a
Dealing with highly contagious animal diseases under neoliberal governmentality in Mongolia
Authors: Ruhlmann Sandrine
Published: June 2018

In Mongolia, since the collapse of communism in 1990, the government has implemented a centralized system of veterinary care inherited from the Communist period that suffers from inadequate infrastructures. Highly contagious diseases chronically re-emerge, undermining the country, its economy, and the way of life of its affected inhabitants. Since the early 2000s, the government has put in place a new surveillance system that relies on nomadic herders as ‘sentinels’. These herders combine popular perceptions and treatments of animal diseases with some veterinary practices and international standards of surveillance and control. But they sometimes refuse to cooperate with private veterinarians or report symptoms, out of a lack of trust in the system of financial compensation for culled herds, compensation that – if sufficient – would enable them to maintain a substantial herd and a nomadic way of life. This article argues that Mongolia constitutes a sort of laboratory to study a neoliberal governmentality toward animal diseases, where the capacities to manage diseases that spread across species (wild/domestic, animal/human) and political borders (regional, national, continental) are delegated to local actors (nomadic herders) who resort to compromises in order to address tensions with political leaders regarding how to control highly contagious animal diseases.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human-camel relationships in Qatar
Authors: Cabalion Sarah , Farag Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd , Keck Frédéric , Abdelahdi Omer , Al-Romaihi Hamad
Published: June 2018

This article investigates camel raising as a possible cause of transmission of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on the Arabian Peninsula. Drawing on collective research among camel workers in Qatar, it shows the difficulties of asking questions about camel raising in the context of a potential zoonosis, given the secretive nature of herding practices and the values attached to camels in Arab societies. It suggests that the concentration of camels in farms and central markets after the ban of camel grazing as well as the revival of the tradition of drinking camel milk have increased the risks of the transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans. The recent valorisation of camels, in the context of the transformation of Qatar from a pastoral economy to a global trade centre, may appear to be an obstacle in the surveillance of MERS-CoV, since camel owners are prone to denying that their animals are infected, but it can be converted into an asset if public health becomes a key element of national pride alongside camel raising.
After the livestock revolution
Authors: Fearnley Lyle
Published: June 2018

Since the 1970s, virologists have pointed to South China as a hypothetical ‘epicenter’ of influenza pandemics. In particular, several key studies highlighted the farming practice of ‘free-grazing’ ducks (fangyang) as the crucial ecological factor driving the emergence of new flu viruses. Following the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in 1997 and 2004, free-grazing ducks became a primary target of biosecurity interventions from global health agencies and China’s national government. This article compares the global health ‘problematization’ of free-grazing ducks as a pandemic threat with the manner in which duck farmers around Poyang Lake, China, engage with the dangers of disease in their flocks. Showing how both global health experts and duck farmers configure the uncertainty of disease against ideal modes of ordering the relations among species, I conclude by examining how these two problematizations interact in ways that mutually intensify – rather than moderate – uncertainty.
Elephant tuberculosis as a reverse zoonosis
Authors: Lainé Nicolas
Published: June 2018

In the last twenty years, a growing number of captive elephants have tested positive for tuberculosis (TB) in various institutions worldwide, causing public health concerns. This article discusses two localities where this concern has produced significant mobilizations to ask about the postcolonial resonances of this global response. The first case focuses on epidemiological studies of elephant TB in Laos launched by international organizations involved in conservation, and on the role of traditional elephant workers (mahouts) in the daily care for elephants. The second describes the finding by veterinarians of two elephants suspected of TB infection in a French zoo and the mobilization of animal rights activists against the euthanasia of the pachyderms. The article shows that while, in the recent past, in France elephants were considered markers of exoticism and in Laos as coworkers in the timber industry, they are now considered to be endangered subjects in need of care, compassion, and conservation. This analysis contributes to the anthropology of relations between humans and elephants through the study of a rare but fascinating zoonosis.
Shadowlands and dark corners
Authors: Kelly Ann H. , Sáez Almudena Marí
Published: June 2018

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) persist in darkness. The pathogenicity of viruses like Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola is partly explained by their ability to survive on surfaces outside their infected hosts, provided they are not exposed to heat, disinfecting chemicals, or ultraviolet light. Taking these basic virological insights as our starting point, we seek to elaborate ethnographically the links between disease transmission and gradations of luminosity. An interdisciplinary research project into the control of Lassa fever in West Africa provided the empirical prompt for this article, which we then extended through our experience working in the region during the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak. The spectral dimensions of zoonotic exchange and the apprehensions they engender help us come to grips with the complex interface of viral biology and human-animal sociality, and, we suggest, add nuance to global health framings of disease transmission and control.
Sixty years of dog management in Nunavik
Authors: Lévesque Francis
Published: June 2018

For centuries, Inuit have used the qimmiq (commonly known as the Canadian Inuit Dog) for transportation and hunting. Since the 1950s, these dogs have been framed by the Canadian authorities as dogs that may potentially transmit rabies and may thus be killed to prevent contagions. It is not the killing of dogs itself that has shocked the Inuit, since they have several rituals where dogs can be killed when there are threats of disease, but rather the massive aspect of the killing, which relies on Western categories, such as the distinction between sedentary and roaming dogs. A collaboration between veterinarians and Inuit people is therefore necessary to bridge the gap between incompatible views of dogs with rabies.
Immunohistochemical expression of NEDD9, E-cadherin and γ-catenin and their prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Radulović Petra , Krušlin Božo
Published: June 2018

Extensive research is being conducted to identify novel diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as only a few markers have been routinely used so far with limited success. Our aim was to assess the expression of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9 (NEDD9), E-cadherin, and γ-catenin in PDAC in relation to clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. We also investigated if there is a correlation of NEDD9 expression with E-cadherin or γ-catenin. The protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 61 PDAC and 61 samples of normal pancreatic tissue. The log rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used for survival analysis. E-cadherin and γ-catenin expressions were reduced in PDAC, and completely retained in normal pancreatic tissue. Expression of NEDD9 was significantly increased in PDAC (strong expression in 78.7% of cases and moderate in 21.3%) and reduced in normal pancreatic tissue (strong positivity in 45.9% of cases, moderate in 31.1%, and weak in 23%). There was a positive correlation between reduced E-cadherin and γ-catenin expression in PDAC (p = 0.015). The loss or reduced expression of E-cadherin had a negative impact on patient survival (p = 0.020). A negative correlation between E-cadherin expression and tumor grade was also observed (p = 0.011). Decreased E-cadherin expression was more common in male patients with PDAC (81.3% vs. 60% for females, p = 0.005). γ-catenin and NEDD9 expressions were not statistically correlated with tumor stage and grade, gender, nor with patient survival. Our results support the role of NEDD9, E-cadherin and γ-catenin proteins in PDAC, but further research should clarify in detail their mechanism of action in pancreatic cancer.
Prognostic value of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in invasive breast carcinomas
Authors: Demir Hale , Dulgar Ozgecan , Gulle Bugra Taygun , Turna Hande , Ilvan Sennur
Published: June 2018

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been identified as a marker of cancer stem cells in breast cancer (BC). Recent studies showed that ALDH1 expression is correlated with poor prognostic parameters and worse clinical outcome in BC. We evaluated ALDH1 expression by immunohistochemistry in a series of 217 invasive BCs and investigated the correlation between ALDH1 expression and clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] type, and triple-negative BC [TNBC]), and patient survival. There was a significant association between ALDH1 expression and tumor grade (p < 0.001), i.e., the expression of ALDH1 was higher in high-grade tumors. ALDH1 expression was significantly associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) negativity (p < 0.001) and HER2 positivity (p = 0.001). ALDH1 expression ratios were higher in HER2 type and TNBC. There was a statistically significant correlation between ALDH1 negativity and luminal A subtype (p < 0.001). The overall and disease free survival were shorter in ALDH1+ tumors, although without statistical significance. We confirm that ALDH1 is a potentially important, poor prognostic factor in BC, associated with high histological grade, ER/PR negativity and HER2 positivity. For more accurate results, ALDH1 expression should be evaluated in larger case series including various types/subtypes of BC.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes bone healing in surgically induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH)
Authors: Basal Ozgur , Atay Tolga , Ciris İbrahim Metin , Baykal Yakup Barbaros
Published: June 2018

Angiogenic effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent mitogen, have been demonstrated previously. Moreover, different in vitro studies showed that EGF affects processes associated with bone healing, such as osteoblast differentiation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined core decompression (CD) and recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) treatment on early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) surgically induced in rats. ONFH was induced by dissecting the cervical periosteum and placing a ligature tightly around the femoral neck. Thirty rats were assigned to one of the following groups (n = 10 each group): sham-operated control, CD, and CD+rhEGF group. rhEGF was injected intraosseously into infarcted areas 2 weeks after the surgery. Preservation of femoral head architecture was assessed at 8 weeks post treatment by radiographic and histomorphological analyses. Osteopontin (OPN) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) were detected by immunochemistry, as indicators of bone remodeling and vascular density, respectively. Inter- and intra-group (non-operated left and operated right femur) differences in radiographic and histomorphological results were analyzed. The femoral head area and sphericity were more preserved in CD+rhEGF compared to CD and sham-control group. CD31 levels were significantly different between the three groups, and were higher in CD+rhEGF compared to CD group. OPN levels were increased in CD and CD+rhEGF groups compared to sham control, but with no significant difference between CD and CD+rhEGF groups. Overall, our results indicate that EGF promotes bone formation and microvascularization in ONFH and thus positively affects the preservation of femoral head during healing.
Overexpression of miR-361-5p in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) inhibits migration and invasion by targeting RQCD1 and inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Han Jianjun , Yu Jingjing , Dai Yu'na , Li Jumei , Guo Meiyan , Song Jingzhen , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: June 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Previous studies indicated that miR-361-5p was downregulated in breast cancer, however, the exact effect of miR-361-5p on TNBC requires further investigation. In the present study, we investigated whether miR-361-5p can act as a tumor suppressor by targeting required for cell differentiation 1 homolog (RQCD1) and inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in TNBC. The expression of miR-361-5p and RQCD1 was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and/or western blot in TNBC and the adjacent tissues. miR-361-5p mimics were constructed and transfected to TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Cells were divided into three groups: blank control group, miRNA mimic negative control (NC) group, and miR-361-5p mimics group. Expression of miR-361-5p, mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, Akt, EGFR, phosphorylated (p)-EGFR/PI3K/Akt, and protein expression of RQCD1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 were measured by qRT-PCR/western blot after transfection. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion ability were evaluated by scratch and transwell assay, respectively. miR-361-5p target gene was determined by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. RQCD1 was identified as a target of miR-361-5p by TargetScan and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Downregulated miR-361-5p and upregulated RQCD1 were observed in TNBC tissues. Expression of EGFR, PI3K, Akt and MMP-9 was inhibited in cells treated with miR-361-5p mimics. Transfection of miR-361-5p mimics also inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR, PI3K, and Akt. Suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion was found in miR-361-5p mimics groups. Our results indicated that overexpression of miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in TNBC by targeting RQCD1 to inhibit the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.