bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Falling Structures - Risk Associated to Non-Conventional Connections of Tertiary Structures
Authors: Graver Brit , Langøy Morten Andre
Published: May 2024

This paper reports methods of and experiences with "nonconventional" joining of tertiary outfitting structures to identify associated risk in the oil and gas industry. With nonconventional we mean other methods than fusion welding and bolted connections (bolt and nut) between similar materials. These methods can be self-tapping screws, explosion welding and blind bolts.

The objective is three-fold. Firstly, to address the risk awareness associated with other parts of the structure than main structure, based on reported incidents. Secondly, report on methods for these components. And thirdly discuss need for standardization.

We have identified and categorized different nonconventional joining systems, described the methods and identified typical experience, damage, and integrity challenges in the industry. The non-conventional joining methods can be divided in welding and non-welding.

A review of selected standards and best practices shows that there are limited requirements towards non-conventional joining of tertiary structures. The focus for an operator is mainly on structural bolted connections and traditional welding.

NORSOK M-001 “Material selection” Amendment has some requirements towards selection of material and how to avoid galvanic corrosion between steel and aluminum by electrical insulation however, these are mainly for through-bolts.

The review of industry experience and selected incidents from Petroleum Safety Authority (Norway) Incidents database and investigation reports has identified that galvanic corrosion between the fastener and the tertiary structures and overload/fatigue due to wind are the most common threats leading to, structure associated, dropped objects. Another identified challenge is that components can be joined/fastened to structural items, and blind bolts have been used in RHS profiles leading to water ingress and internal corrosion of the structural steel member. This can on a long term threaten the structural integrity.
Pipeline Integrity Management and Risk Assessment
Authors: Salama Mamdouh M.
Published: May 2024

Oil and gas pipelines serve as vital components within the global energy infrastructure, enabling the transportation of hydrocarbons from production sites to processing facilities, refineries, and distribution centers. Worldwide, the extensive network of pipelines spans over 2.5 million miles (approximately 4 million kilometers). In the United States alone, there are over half a million miles (approximately 800,000 kilometers) of oil and gas pipelines.
Seismic noise in South China Sea: High-quality time-frequency analysis from 0.01 to 125 Hz
Authors: Liu Lihua , Guo Yonggang , Li Fenghua , Wang Sujing , Zhang Fei , Zhang Yuankai , Yang Jie , Qiu Yong , Liang Qihui
Published: May 2024

An efficient and precise time-frequency analysis method for real-time ocean bottom seismometer (RTOBS) data in the South China Sea (SCS) is presented. Overcoming the limitations of conventional methods, the method involves temporal segmentation, unique frequency octaves, and Fourier transforms to generate power spectral density (PSD) and probability density function profiles. The method demonstrates superior precision, computational efficiency, and full-bandwidth (0 to Nyquist) capability compared to traditional techniques, as validated through theoretical and empirical evaluations. Applied to SCS RTOBS data, it unveils temporal PSD variations, shedding light on underwater noise sources like earthquakes, offshore blasting, ship-induced disturbances, and tidal effects. Establishing background noise levels in the SCS supports noise source categorization and ocean environment monitoring. Furthermore, comparing onshore and offshore seismic stations advances interdisciplinary research, fostering a comprehensive understanding of acoustics and seismology in the region.
Smartphone use and well-being of adolescent girls: a population-based study
Authors: Kosola Silja , Mörö Sara , Holopainen Elina
Published: May 2024

Background and objectives

Recent studies have reported an increasing incidence of anxiety among adolescent girls, and associated this with self-reported social media use. This study aimed to measure smartphone and social media use objectively and to evaluate its associations with measures of mental health and well-being.

Methods

In autumn 2022, we recruited a cohort of 1164 first-year female students from 21 socioeconomically diverse high schools. Students responded to an online survey comprising validated questionnaires (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, and Body Appreciation Scale 2) and visual analogue scales of current health, mood, tiredness, and loneliness. We also requested that they attach screenshots depicting their smartphone use.

Results

Among participants (mean age 16.3 years), 16% (n=183) had possible social media addiction and 37% (n=371) exceeded the cut-off for possible anxiety disorders. The BSMAS scores were associated with higher anxiety (r=0.380) and poorer body image (r=−0.268), poorer health (r=−0.252), lower mood (r=−0.261), greater tiredness (r=0.347), and greater loneliness (r=0.226) (p<0.001 for all). Among the 564 adolescents (48%) who sent screenshots of their smartphone use, average daily use was 5.8 hours (SD 2.2), including 3.9 hours (SD 2.0) of social media. Participants who sent screenshots had a higher grade point average than participants without screenshot data, but similar BSMAS and well-being measures.

Conclusions

Consistent with other studies, we found social media addiction was common among adolescent girls and was associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Measures should be taken to protect adolescents from the potential harmful effects of social media use.
Ophthalmic quality of life in the adult Danish population: an epidemiological study
Authors: Bek Toke , Bech Bodil Hammer
Published: May 2024

Background

Ophthalmic quality of life (OQoL) has been investigated in selected parts of general populations and in patients with ocular disease, but OQoL in unselected general populations has not been studied in detail. The present study reports OQoL obtained from a representative sample of the adult Danish population 2020–2022.

Methods

The FORSYN study invited 10 350 citizen representatives for the adult Danish population for a non-mydriatic eye examination and answer the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire with 39 items in the validated Danish translation. The results from the 3384 (32.7%) persons who participated in the study were weighted on the basis of relevant socio-economic factors, and data were projected to represent the total population. Binocular visual acuity was below 0.1 corresponding to legal blindness in 0.22% of this population.

Results

OQoL was positively correlated with binocular visual acuity up to better than 93 ETDRS letters, negatively correlated with age for persons younger than 60 years of age and again positively correlated with age for persons older than 60 years. OQoL was negatively correlated with increasing ametropia and refractive error above 1 dioptre and encompassed more OQoL parameters for hyperopic than for myopic persons.

Conclusions

The study underlines the benefits of improving visual acuity even within the normal range and of adjusting uncorrected refraction errors in the general population. OQoL is positively correlated with age in older persons independently of visual acuity, sex, refractive power and previous cataract surgery.
Cross-sectional evaluation of health resource use in patients with functional neurological disorders referred to a tertiary neuroscience centre
Authors: O'Mahony Brian William , Nelson-Sice Robert , Nielsen Glenn , Hunter Rachael , Cope Sarah , Agarwal Niruj , Edwards Mark J , Yogarajah Mahinda
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of referral to neurology services. FND has been shown to lead to significant healthcare resource use and is associated with significant disability, comorbidity and distress. This leads to substantial direct, indirect and intangible costs to the patient and society.

Methods

We recruited consecutive patients with FND referred to a tertiary FND specialist clinic. We assessed health and social care resource use in the 6 months preceding their consultation through a modified version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory in the form of a postal questionnaire. The total cost was estimated by combining the number and frequency of health resource use with standard national unit costs. We also assessed indirect costs such as informal care and loss of income.

Results

We collected data on 118 subjects. Patients with comorbid anxiety or depression had higher costs in the preceding 6 months, as did patients who had a longer duration of FND symptoms. Indirect costs were higher than the already substantial direct costs and a large proportion of patients with FND were receiving government support.

Conclusion

This study highlights the high cost of FND to both patients and health systems. Adequate reform of the patient pathway and reorganisation of services to make diagnoses and initiate treatment more quickly would likely reduce these costs.
Qualitative study of new doctor induction and socialisation
Authors: Goodall Keith , Boyle Adrian A , MacKenzie Rod
Published: May 2024

Aim

Junior doctors joining EDs are required to rapidly acquire new knowledge and skills, but there is little research describing how this process can be facilitated. We aimed to understand what would make ED formal induction and early socialisation more effective.

Methods

Qualitative study; informal interviews of junior doctors, consultants and nursing staff and direct observation of clinical interactions, induction and training in a single ED in an English Emergency Department between August and October 2019. We used constant comparison to identify and develop themes.

Findings

New junior doctors identified that early socialisation should facilitate patient safety and a safe learning space, with much of this process dependent on consultant interactions rather than formal induction. Clear themes around helpful and unhelpful consultant support and supervision were identified. Consultants who acknowledged their own fallibility and maintained approachability produced a safe learning environment, while consultants who lacked interest in their juniors, publicly humiliated them or disregarded the junior doctors’ suggestions were seen as unhelpful and unconstructive.

Conclusion

Effective socialisation, consistent with previous literature, was identified as critical. Junior doctors see consultant behaviours and interactions as key to creating a safe learning space.
Circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a high-risk study in the Chinese population
Authors: Lei Binbin , Feng Hongliang , Yang Lulu , Wang Jing , Chen Jie , Song Weidong , Jiang Chao , Zhang Kun , Wang Qunfeng , Tsang Jessie Chi Ching , Chan Ngan Yin , Liu Yaping , Chan Joey W.Y. , Pan Jiyang , Zhang Bin , Li Tao , Merikangas Kathleen Ries , Zhang Jihui , Wing Yun Kwok
Published: May 2024

Background

Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.

Aims

To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions, mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with (O-BD) and without bipolar disorder (O-control).

Methods

The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6–21 years from the Greater Bay Area, China. The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders, and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, respectively. Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.

Results

Adjusting for age, sex and region of recruitment, there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms (9.55% vs 2.58%, adjusted OR: 4.04) in O-BD than in O-control. O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders (11.70% vs 3.47%, adjusted OR: 4.68) and social anxiety (6.28% vs 1.49%, adjusted OR: 4.70), a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders (11.17% vs 3.47%, adjusted OR: 3.99) and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms (20.74% vs 10.40%, adjusted OR: 2.59) than O-control. Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children (aged under 12 years) had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control, while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms, a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents (aged 12 years and over).

Conclusions

There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterparts, confirming the central role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The findings of the specific age-related and stage-related developmental patterns of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction in children and adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder paved the way to develop specific and early clinical intervention and prevention strategies.

Trial registration number

NCT03656302.
Proof of Work and Secure Element in CDN-assisted voting
Authors: Zuevsky Vitaly
Published: May 2024

Electronic voting consistently fails to supplant conventional paper ballot due to a plethora of security shortcomings. Not only are traditional voting methods mediocre in terms of transparency, audit, and costs, but they also encompass a principal-agent problem, where acting governments have real capability for tampering. Here, I propose Proof of Work by user devices to fortify integrity of votes as cast and seed-isolated time-based one-time passwords to force observable polling stations. Coupled with end-2-end verifiability, the measures proposed are intended to completely decentralize the voting process. A state would only issue single-use authorizations to vote, while an untrusted publisher would collect and publish two unrelatable lists: votes and voters. Eventually, anyone could tabulate results. Content distribution networks are shown to be instrumental security providers. Weaknesses of proposed architecture are discussed.
Rare Earth Chlorides in Low-Hydration Magnesium Chloride Electrolysis: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Song Zhitao , Zhao Jia , He Zhiyan , Lu Guimin
Published: May 2024

During the molten salt electrolysis of magnesium production, water in the magnesium chloride (MgCl2) feedstock poses significant interference, reducing the current efficiency. Employing rare earth chlorides (RECl3) to assist in dehydrating MgCl2 and producing Mg-RE master alloys emerges as an effective strategy. This study investigated the transformation process in the hydrolysis reaction of low-hydrate MgCl2 within the molten salt, examining the electrochemical activity of its hydrolysis products using Cyclic voltammetry (CV). Additionally, a thermodynamic analysis of the reaction between hydrolyzate MgO and RECl3 was performed at electrolysis temperatures. By integrating CV and Square wave voltammetry (SWV) with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the study explored the alterations in the electrochemically active components of the molten salt system following the addition of RECl3 to the KCl-NaCl molten salt containing MgO.
Comparative Analysis of the Slope Stability Using Slide and Plaxis 2D Software: A Case Study of Tombel Pozzolan Quarry (South-West Cameroon)
Authors: Luc Leroy Mambou Ngueyep , Kenmoe Oscar Rodrigue Michel , Tchognia Nkuissi Hervé Joël , Lawou Kouayep Sylvain , Nkenwoum Chebou Gael , Chéagé Chamgoué André , Mohamadou Innoua
Published: May 2024

The presented study attempted to use coupled finite element numerical (FEM) and analytical limit equilibrium (LEM) procedures to provide comparative graphical charts demonstrating the geometry, the groundwater condition, the safety factor, and the characteristics of the support, which were implemented in the Dangote Pozzolan quarry at Tombel to preventing the slope instability’s occurrence. Field and laboratory work have been carried out to collect and characterize data. The results obtained with the LEM procedure via Slide 2D showed a safety factor of 0.87, indicating an unstable slope compared to a safety factor of 1.0 obtained with the FEM procedure via Plaxis 2D corresponding to a limited equilibrium state of the slope. The characteristics of the support that can be used to stabilize the slopes are geotextile support of 100% strip coverage, a tensile strength of 100 kN/m, an adhesion property of 4 kPa, and a frictional angle of 40°. The geotextile is anchored at the slope surface. After the support has been introduced, and the new safety factor calculated, the support automatically increased the safety factor value from 0.87 to 1.51 by using Slide 2D and from 1.0 to 1.98 by using Plaxis 2D, which is from an unstable state to a very stable state.
FIGURE 6 from Novel Spirocyclic Dimer, SpiD3, Targets Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Survival Pathways with Potent Preclinical Effects
Authors: Eiken Alexandria P. , Smith Audrey L. , Skupa Sydney A. , Schmitz Elizabeth , Rana Sandeep , Singh Sarbjit , Kumar Siddhartha , Mallareddy Jayapal Reddy , de Cubas Aguirre A , Krishna Akshay , Kalluchi Achyuth , Rowley M. Jordan , D'Angelo Christopher R. , Lunning Matthew A. , Bociek R. Gregory , Vose Julie M. , Natarajan Amarnath , El-Gamal Dalia
Published: May 2024

SpiD3 prodrug (SpiD3_AP) displays antileukemic activity in Eµ-TCL1 mice. A, Synthesis of SpiD3_AP. Reagents and conditions (a) dimethyl amine (2 mol/L in MeOH), MeOH: DCM (2:1), 0°C. B, Spleen-derived malignant B cells from terminally diseased Eµ-TCL1 mice (n = 7) were stimulated ex vivo with 1X PMA/Ionomycin and treated with increasing concentrations of SpiD3 or SpiD3_AP for 48 hours. Mitochondrial activity was assessed via MTS assay and normalized to the stimulated vehicle. Error bars and IC50 values are shown as mean ± SEM. C,In vitro microsomal stability studies comparing the stability of SpiD3 and SpiD3_AP. Diclofenac (2 µmol/L) was used as a positive control in the metabolic stability study. T1/2: half-life, CLint: intrinsic clearance. D, Pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of SpiD3_AP administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacokinetic parameters include Cl_obs: clearance observed, T1/2: half-life, C0: initial concentration, AUClast: area under the curve last, MRTInf_obs: mean residence time observed, Vss_obs: steady state volume of distribution. Results are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 mice). E–G, Diseased Eµ-TCL1 mice (median age = 10.2 months) were randomized to receive 10 mg/kg SpiD3_AP or vehicle equivalent (VEH) via intravenous injection for 3 consecutive days. Equal numbers of male and female mice were used per treatment arm (n = 6 mice/arm). At study end (∼3 hours after the last intravenous injection), mice were sacrificed for tissue harvest. Flow cytometry evaluation of disease burden in blood (E) and spleen (F). Error bars are shown as mean ± SEM. G, Representative immunoblot analysis of MYC expression in spleen-derived malignant B cells from the treated mice. GAPDH served as the loading control. Asterisks indicate significance versus VEH. *, P < 0.05.
Data from Novel Spirocyclic Dimer, SpiD3, Targets Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Survival Pathways with Potent Preclinical Effects
Authors: Eiken Alexandria P. , Smith Audrey L. , Skupa Sydney A. , Schmitz Elizabeth , Rana Sandeep , Singh Sarbjit , Kumar Siddhartha , Mallareddy Jayapal Reddy , de Cubas Aguirre A , Krishna Akshay , Kalluchi Achyuth , Rowley M. Jordan , D'Angelo Christopher R. , Lunning Matthew A. , Bociek R. Gregory , Vose Julie M. , Natarajan Amarnath , El-Gamal Dalia
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell survival and growth is fueled by the induction of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME) driving activation of NFκB signaling and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Malignant cells have higher basal levels of UPR posing a unique therapeutic window to combat CLL cell growth using pharmacologic agents that induce accumulation of misfolded proteins. Frontline CLL therapeutics that directly target BCR signaling such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (e.g., ibrutinib) have enhanced patient survival. However, resistance mechanisms wherein tumor cells bypass BTK inhibition through acquired BTK mutations, and/or activation of alternative survival mechanisms have rendered ibrutinib ineffective, imposing the need for novel therapeutics. We evaluated SpiD3, a novel spirocyclic dimer, in CLL cell lines, patient-derived CLL samples, ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells, and in the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model. Our integrated multi-omics and functional analyses revealed BCR signaling, NFκB signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress among the top pathways modulated by SpiD3. This was accompanied by marked upregulation of the UPR and inhibition of global protein synthesis in CLL cell lines and patient-derived CLL cells. In ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells, SpiD3 retained its antileukemic effects, mirrored in reduced activation of key proliferative pathways (e.g., PRAS, ERK, MYC). Translationally, we observed reduced tumor burden in SpiD3-treated Eµ-TCL1 mice. Our findings reveal that SpiD3 exploits critical vulnerabilities in CLL cells including NFκB signaling and the UPR, culminating in profound antitumor properties independent of TME stimuli.
Significance:
SpiD3 demonstrates cytotoxicity in CLL partially through inhibition of NFκB signaling independent of tumor-supportive stimuli. By inducing the accumulation of unfolded proteins, SpiD3 activates the UPR and hinders protein synthesis in CLL cells. Overall, SpiD3 exploits critical CLL vulnerabilities (i.e., the NFκB pathway and UPR) highlighting its use in drug-resistant CLL.
A Whipple’s disease associated with HIV – case report
Authors: Machado Gabriel Canhete , Portela Juliana Vinadé , Bueno Elza Cristina Miranda da Cunha , Real Gustavo Gonzalez , Sartori Felipe Silveira Martins
Published: May 2024

Despite the lack of literature discussing the topic, the Whipple's Disease (WD) presents higher prevalence in people with compromised immunity, as it happens in HIV. This association can be seen in the current case, which reports a male patient, middle-aged, positive sorologic status for HIV with irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) who presented symptoms of diarrhea and malabsorption during a previous hospitalization for pneumothorax treatment.  In a biopsy of the small intestine, by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection was possible through immunohistochemical examination for periodic-Shiff acid (PSA), with evidence of foamy macrophages with cytoplasm rich in PSA positive granules. The medical conduct was the empirical treatment for pseudomembranous colitis, which includes association of Meropenem, Vancomycin and Metronidazole. With the improvement of the clinical of malabsorption and the decrease of diarrheal episodes the patient got hospital discharge. Yet underdiagnosed in people living with HIV, the WD should be considered in the arise of compatible symptoms, because when treated on time the prognosis of the disease is usually favorable.
Energy Complexity of Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Šíma Jiří , Vidnerová Petra , Mrázek Vojtěch
Published: May 2024

The energy efficiency of hardware implementations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is critical to their widespread deployment in low-power mobile devices. Recently, a number of methods have been proposed for providing energy-optimal mappings of CNNs onto diverse hardware accelerators. Their estimated energy consumption is related to specific implementation details and hardware parameters, which does not allow for machine-independent exploration of CNN energy measures. In this letter, we introduce a simplified theoretical energy complexity model for CNNs, based on only a two-level memory hierarchy that captures asymptotically all important sources of energy consumption for different CNN hardware implementations. In this model, we derive a simple energy lower bound and calculate the energy complexity of evaluating a CNN layer for two common data flows, providing corresponding upper bounds. According to statistical tests, the theoretical energy upper and lower bounds we present fit asymptotically very well with the real energy consumption of CNN implementations on the Simba and Eyeriss hardware platforms, estimated by the Timeloop/Accelergy program, which validates the proposed energy complexity model for CNNs.
Individual variability in neural representations of mind-wandering
Authors: Kucyi Aaron , Anderson Nathan , Bounyarith Tiara , Braun David , Shareef-Trudeau Lotus , Treves Isaac , Braga Rodrigo M. , Hsieh Po-Jang , Hung Shao-Min
Published: May 2024

Mind-wandering is a frequent, daily mental activity, experienced in unique ways in each person. Yet neuroimaging evidence relating mind-wandering to brain activity, for example in the default mode network (DMN), has relied on population- rather than individual-based inferences owing to limited within-person sampling. Here, three densely sampled individuals each reported hundreds of mind-wandering episodes while undergoing multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found reliable associations between mind-wandering and DMN activation when estimating brain networks within individuals using precision functional mapping. However, the timing of spontaneous DMN activity relative to subjective reports, and the networks beyond DMN that were activated and deactivated during mind-wandering, were distinct across individuals. Connectome-based predictive modeling further revealed idiosyncratic, whole-brain functional connectivity patterns that consistently predicted mind-wandering within individuals but did not fully generalize across individuals. Predictive models of mind-wandering and attention that were derived from larger-scale neuroimaging datasets largely failed when applied to densely sampled individuals, further highlighting the need for personalized models. Our work offers novel evidence for both conserved and variable neural representations of self-reported mind-wandering in different individuals. The previously unrecognized interindividual variations reported here underscore the broader scientific value and potential clinical utility of idiographic approaches to brain-experience associations.
Anthropomorphizing Animals: Foxhunting Stories and the Nature Faker Controversy
Authors: Fernandez Angela
Published: May 2024

This paper uses a selection of foxhunting stories to explore the way in which anthropomorphized foxes were used to communicate pro-hunting messages to their mostly young readers. These justifications also appeared in nonfictional foxhunting sporting literature. Indeed, this literature included some of the same incredible anecdotes that also appeared in the work of nature writers at the turn of the twentieth century such as Charles G.D. Roberts and Ernest Thompson Seton working in a new sympathetic genre called the “animal story.” These writers found themselves under attack because naturalists like John Burroughs, and hunters, including President Theodore Roosevelt, found their stories to be inaccurate and anthropocentric. Roosevelt dubbed them the “nature fakers.” Foxhunting “histories” employed imaginative material and much anthropomorphism but were not attacked for doing so. This tends to indicate that anthropomorphisms were more acceptable when they were facilitating animal exploitation than when they were used to promote the perspective of nonhuman animals.
Breeding biology of Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata) in Cyprus
Authors: Iezekiel Savvas , Yosef Reuven , Bakaloudis Dimitrios E. , Papakosta Malamati , Vlachos Christos G. , Antoniou Andreas
Published: May 2024

The Bonelli’s Eagle exhibits a wide geographic distribution yet remains relatively understudied on the island of Cyprus. Between 1999 and 2002, we examined 32 pairs of Bonelli’s Eagles, totaling 64 breeding attempts. During this period, a total of 116 eggs were laid, with an average clutch size of 2.0 ± 0.1 eggs per pair. Incubation, predominantly performed by the female, lasted an average of 38.7 ± 0.2 days. Of the eggs laid, 71 hatched, resulting in an average hatching rate of 82.6%. Hatchability varied, with the highest rate (91.3%) observed in 1999 and the lowest (76.2%) in 2001. Nestlings spent an average of 61 ± 0.5 days in the nest before fledging. Remarkably, 92.6% of pairs successfully fledged young (n = 60), with a mean breeding success of 1.6 ± 0.1 fledglings per pair. Significant differences were observed in the average number of eggs laid, hatched, and young fledged between the two types of habitats. Nest sites varied in altitude, ranging from 170 to 1,242 meters, with a nearest-neighbor distance between adjacent nests averaging 7.86 ± 0.43 kilometers.
Ontogenesis and variation of wood ‘parenchymatization’ in Cochlospermum vitifolium (Bixaceae)
Authors: Alvarado Marco V. , Terrazas Teresa
Published: May 2024

Axial parenchyma proliferation (non-lignified parenchyma) in wood has been characterized for only a few species. In the present study, we characterized the proliferation, ontogeny, and seasonal variation of wood axial parenchyma in Cochlospermum vitifolium (Bixaceae). This study included material from natural populations from different sites in Mexico. We analyzed the wood anatomy and development in stems of different ages, and monthly sampling of the main stem during the growing season. The results show that the wood anatomy of C. vitifolium is characterized by features associated with efficient water transport, such as wide vessels and low vessel frequency. The wood has a high storage and radial transport capacity. Axial parenchyma is abundant and constitutes the main cell type of the wood. Rays are wide and tall with a high starch content. Ontogenetic development of the wood showed that non-lignified axial parenchyma differentiates after secondary growth has been established. Parenchyma proliferation does not occur in an axially orderly fashion and the results suggest that there is a relationship between maximum proliferation and precipitation. We found high variation in wood parenchymatization between trees. The maximum parenchymatization and succulence was found in trees with larger stem diameter. The ecological and ontogenetic implications of wood parenchymatization are discussed.
Identification tools for Bazzania (Lepidoziaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Madagascar: the Xper3 interactive and static keys
Authors: SASS-GYARMATI ANDREA , REEB CATHERINE
Published: May 2024

A computer-assisted identification (CAI) key, created by the XPer3 software, is presented based on the description of the genus Bazzania (Lepidoziaceae) in Madagascar. The knowledge database is presented along with automatically generated keys and static keys, which are both produced by the software. Although these tools are powerful and user-friendly, expert competence is essential both for building the database and providing relevant keys.
All genera of the world: Subfamilies Dynastinae, Rutelinae and Cetoniinae (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER G. , SCHOOLMEESTERS PAUL
Published: May 2024

There are about 1500 genus-group names available in the scarab subfamilies Dynastinae, Rutelinae and Cetoniinae by the end of 2023. Of these, 997 refer to currently accepted genera, 227 in Dynastinae, 261 in Rutelinae and 509 in Cetoniinae. A further >650 genus-group names are given subgeneric rank or placed in synonymy. The chronology of descriptions of currently valid genera shows similar patterns in each of the three subfamilies with many described in the 1840s, a large group in the late 1800s (especially the Cetoniinae) and early 1900s (Dynastinae and Rutelinae) and a steady increase in numbers following World War 2. We predict that discovery of new genera, as well as the potential for further splitting of mega-genera with elevation of subgenera to full generic level, will continue the upward trend, albeit somewhat balanced by combining the numerous monobasic genera.
Glycomis quangtriensis (Rutaceae), a new species from Quang Tri province, central Vietnam
Authors: LE TUAN ANH , TAGANE SHUICHIRO
Published: May 2024

A new species of Glycosmis (Rutaceae), G. quangtriensis is described based on the specimens collected from the Limestone Razorback Hill and Rockpile Hill, in Huong Hiep Commune, Dakrong District and Cam Tuyen Commune, Cam Lo District, Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam. Morphological description, photographs, a distribution map, vernacular name, and preliminary conservation status are provided for G. quangtriensis. This species is characterized by shrubby habit 1.5 m tall, simple and subsessile leaves, elliptic-oblong lamina with undulate margin and auriculate base, by which combination it is clearly distinguished from all the previously known species in the genus.
Taxonomy of the Cryptopygus complex. IV. Cyclomorphosis in three species of Appendisotoma and description of a new species from Kazakhstan (Collembola, Isotomidae)
Authors: POTAPOV MIKHAIL , BABENKO ANATOLY , BU YUN , BAYARTOGTOKH BADAMDORJ , GULGENOVA AYUNA , LUAN YUN-XIA
Published: May 2024

Appendisotoma bisetosa Martynova, 1970, A. stebayevae (Grinbergs, 1962) and A. sibirica Stebayeva, 1985 are redescribed based on the material from Palaearctic region. Seasonal cyclomorphosis of the three species is distinguished. The winter form is armed with apical lobe on dens, chitinized furca and larger ocelli. Tenaculum, tenent hairs, and pigmentation can also be affected by cyclomorphosis. Dimorphism of species of Appendisotoma resembles that of several species of Proisotoma s. str. Appendisotoma monomorpha sp. nov. is described from Kazakhstan, taxonomic remarks are given to A. absoloni Rusek, 1966 and A. abiskoensis (Agrell, 1939).
On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
Authors: VALDEZ-MONDRAGÓN ALEJANDRO , JIMÉNEZ MARIA LUISA
Published: May 2024

The trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 is distributed in North America, with most diversity in Mexico. In this work, a new species is described from the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Mexico: Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov., was collected from a dry tropical deciduous forest in the western coast of Mexico. The species is described only from the male holotype. Of the 14 species of Eucteniza described so far, eight have been described based only on the male holotype. The description of this new species increases the diversity of the genus to 15 known species, 14 of which are found in Mexico, two in the USA, and one in both countries: E. relata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895). In addition, we provide an amended taxonomic identification key for males of the genus.
Practical Technology of Toughening Epoxy Resin (II): Modification Effects of Special Engineering Plastics on Epoxy Resin
Authors: Jianwen Zhou , Rongjun Yi , Hong Wang
Published: May 2024

The effects of Special engineering plastics (SEP) such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone (PSF), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyaromatic (PAR) on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of epoxy resins were studied in this paper. The engineering plastics with rigid and active elements produce differential phase in the epoxy curing process, which can absorb energy under stress, prevent micro-crack diffusion, and improve the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, including tensile, compression and impact strength. SEP with better heat resistance than epoxy resins are beneficial for improving the heat resistance of epoxy resins. During the epoxy curing process, strong intermolecular forces are generated between SEP and epoxy resin, which further enhances the heat resistance of modified epoxy resins. Better insulation of epoxy resin are achieved by adding engineering plastics with fine insulation equipment. PSF with poor dispersion aggregates to form a weak interface layer, which first fails under stress, and its main mechanical properties slightly decrease. The dispersion of pulp like LCP in epoxy resin is poor, and there is no significant improvement in the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. PAR are difficult to form a homogeneous phase in epoxy resin and cannot be used for epoxy resin modification research.
Examining the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Academic Staff Saving Behaviors and Financial Readiness in North Wollo Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Taye Birhan , Belete Aychew , Yirsaw Bantie
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Saving behaviour is a critical aspect of financial planning, where individuals defer present consumption to enhance their quality of life and meet future needs. The study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of their financial behaviours, identify the factors that influence their financial decision-making, and compare the financial behaviours among different groups of academic employees. Methods: Employing a quantitative research approach, this study utilizes a structured questionnaire to gather data from academic employees. The questionnaire evaluates variables such as income level, education, job security, and financial goals to examine their impact on saving behaviours and financial readiness. Binary logistic regression analysis is employed to assess the influence of each factor on the dependent variable. Results: The findings indicate that a majority (83.3%) of academic employees have not previously saved, while a minority (16.7%) have managed to accumulate some savings. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, demonstrate significant associations between saving habits and variables such as gender, age, marital status, monthly expenses, and housing. The binary logistic regression analysis further highlights the significance of factors such as gender, age, education level, expenses, housing, additional income, and participation in savings groups in shaping employees' saving behaviours. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of Ethiopian savings practices and personal finance by examining and comparing saving behaviours and financial preparedness across different academic institutions. It provides insights into the factors influencing financial decision-making and proposes strategies for enhancing financial literacy.
Cerebral Revascularization: Boom or Doom for Neurosurgeons
Authors: Singh Avatar
Published: May 2024

Cerebral revascularization which was once commonly used technique became outdated and emerged in a new avatar. Fisher was the first person who promoted that most strokes were not due to vasospasm but due to CA disease. Improvement of various microsurgical methods and techniques are resulting in excellent outcomes. With the advent of modern techniques, cerebral revascularization has taken a back seat. However many diseases like moyamoya disease, complex intracranial aneurysms and skull based tumours, traditional cerebral revascularization methods play a very important role. Although an important method to treat strokes but is also associated with dreaded complication of intracranial haemorrhage. Cerebral collateral circulation channels are restored by cerebral revascularization. Although very commonly used treatment but underwent various modifications, implementations, expanding the horizons of diseases involved. All these innovations in the use of endovascular technique resulted in the decline of cerebral revascularization surgeries. New endovascular surgical approaches lead to shorter recovery times and the patients whose conditions are not indicated for the traditional cerebrovascular approaches can also be managed. One of the major and important drawback of Cerebral Revascularization is the intraoperative thrombosis which can result in severe motor and sensory disturbances. This article aims to weigh the pros and cons of cerebral revascularization.
Causes and Consequences of Land Degradation in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Tadesse Amanuel , Hailu Worku
Published: May 2024

The term "land degradation" refers to the deterioration of the land's quality and that of its surrounding components due to either natural or artificial factors. The most frequent cause of land deterioration in Ethiopia is water-induced soil erosion. Due to decreased agricultural soil fertility, land degradation has a detrimental effect on Ethiopia's economy as well as agricultural production. It is now a significant issue impacting all aspect of Ethiopians' social, political, and economic lives. It is one of the main obstacles to the nation's agricultural growth and food security. Rapid population growth, significant soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, insufficient vegetative cover, uneven crop production on steep slopes, erosive rainfall patterns, a lack of fallowing, and inadequate conservation measures are the main drivers of land degradation in Ethiopia's highlands. The consequences of land degradation include the loss of fertile soil, which reduces the amount of land that can be used for agriculture. The state of family food security is negatively impacted by land degradation, which also directly lowers livelihoods in rural areas and has catastrophic effects on Ethiopia's sociocultural context and ecological setting. Lower crop yields are the direct result of soil degradation, and agricultural households experience increased rates of poverty as a result.
Bayesian Inference on the Generalized Exponential Distribution Based on the Kernel Prior
Authors: Maswadah Mohamed , Mohamed Seham
Published: May 2024

In this work, we introduce an objective prior based on the kernel density estimation to eliminate the subjectivity of the Bayesian estimation for information other than data. For comparing the kernel prior with the informative gamma prior, the mean squared error and the mean percentage error for the generalized exponential (GE) distribution parameters estimations are studied using both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated that the kernel prior outperforms the informative gamma prior. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed priors.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients Attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: Five-Year Trends
Authors: Ashenafi Girma , Aliyo Alqeer , Tilahun Dangamyelew , Gemechu Tibeso , Dedecha Wako , Husen Oliyad , Sisay Biruk
Published: May 2024

Background

Around half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori), according to data from a recent systematic review. H. pylori infection is extremely common around the world. It is the most prevalent disease in Ethiopia and contributes to both morbidity and mortality. Patients with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer have been reported to harbor H. pylori.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the trends of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients attending the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital from 2018–2022, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.

Method

A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted to recruit 314 sampled data from the logbook, which were five-year data (2018-2022) from the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospitals. Data were extracted using structured checklists. The sample size was calculated using the single-population proportion formula. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered in EpiData 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 for analysis.

Results

Approximately 314 complete data from selected participants were collected and evaluated for the present study. The mean age was 29.01 (SD ± 4.93). Most of the respondents (39.2%) were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. The general prevalence of H. pylori observed in this study is 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23-32.9). The prevalence was higher in women (71.6%) than in men (28.4%). In terms of age category, those over 60 years of age were observed with the highest positiveness for H. pylori with 38.1% and the trend of H. pylori prevalence fluctuated from 2018 to 2022.

Conclusion

In total, 28% of the study participants had H. pylori, but there was variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between 2018 and 2022. Compared to other age groups, the 60-year-old age group had a higher prevalence of H. pylori and this prevalence continued to increase annually. The concerned parties must be interested in raising awareness and establishing criteria for the eradication of these bacteria.
In vitro induction of tetraploids and their phenotypic and transcriptome analysis in Glehnia littoralis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Ziyu , Wang Jing , Li Yuwen , Gao Yan , Li Lixia , Pang Yujuan , Bian Fuhua
Published: May 2024

Background

Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal and edible plant species having commercial value and has several hundred years of cultivation history. Polyploid breeding is one of the most important and fastest ways to generate novel varieties. To obtain tetraploids of G. littoralis in vitro, colchicine treatment was given to the seeds and then were screened based on morphology, flow cytometry, and root tip pressing assays. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed to identity the differentially expressed genes associated with phenotypic changes in tetraploid G. littoralis.

Results

The results showed that 0.05% (w/v) colchicine treatment for 48 h was effective in inducing tetraploids in G. littoralis. The tetraploid G. littoralis (2n = 4x = 44) was superior in leaf area, leaf thickness, petiole diameter, SPAD value (Chl SPAD), stomatal size, epidermal tissues thickness, palisade tissues thickness, and spongy tissues thickness to the diploid ones, while the stomatal density of tetraploids was significantly lower. Transcriptome sequencing revealed, a total of 1336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tetraploids and diploids. Chromosome doubling may lead to DNA content change and gene dosage effect, which directly affects changes in quantitative traits, with changes such as increased chlorophyll content, larger stomata and thicker tissue of leaves. Several up-regulated DEGs were found related to growth and development in tetraploid G. littoralis such as CKI, PPDK, hisD and MDP1. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that most of DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways.

Conclusions

This is the first report of the successful induction of tetraploids in G. littoralis. The information presented in this study facilitate breeding programs and molecular breeding of G. littoralis varieties.