bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa processed through different thermal methods
Authors: Fatunla Opeyemi , Igoche Kate , Alonge Akindele F. , Udofia Ukpong , Oladejo Ayobami , Udoh Mfoniso E. , Akpan Mfrekemfon G.
Published: August 2024

Comparative analysis of the microbial properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and leaves (Red variety) was subjected to different thermal drying methods: electric oven, infrared oven, and sun drying was conducted using standard analytical and molecular techniques. The study revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in microbial loads, with sun drying exhibiting the lowest heterotrophic bacterial load at 3.56 ± 0.13 log10 CFU/g, compared to the electric oven and infrared drying methods, which recorded bacterial loads of 3.82 ± 0.35 and 3.85 ± 0.14 log10 CFU/g, respectively. Similarly, sun drying yielded a fungal count of 3.60 ± 0.43 log10 CFU/g, indicative of a differential impact of drying methods on fungal contamination levels. Oven drying of leaf samples uniquely identified Vibrio at 2.00 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g, highlighting a potential safety concern associated with this method. Through sequencing analysis, a diverse microbial spectrum was identified, including Proteus vulgaris strain SI-9, Acinetobacter baumannii strain ZHOU, Providencia rettgeri strain AR_0082, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DBH3, among others. These findings underscore the necessity of selecting appropriate drying methods to mitigate microbial risks effectively. Phylogenetic analysis delineated the genetic relationships among the isolates, reflecting their potential ecological origins and emphasizing the influence of anthropogenic activities on microbial diversity in processed food products. The comparative assessment of drying methods in this study advocates for enhanced processing protocols to ensure the microbial safety of Hibiscus sabdariffa, aligning with global food safety standards and promoting consumer trust in the quality of dried botanicals.
The Influence of Knowledge Management on the Culture of Knowledge Sharing With Leadership as an Intervening Variable at the Ministry of Religion of Binjai City
Authors: Kartika Ujiani Nasution  , Abdi Sugiarto
Published: August 2024

Knowledge management in government institutions is essential to improve operational efficiency, innovation, and quality of public services, as well as ensure adaptability, transparency, accountability, and responsiveness to the needs of society in the era of globalization and increasingly fierce competition. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the influence of Knowledge Management on the Culture of Knowledge Sharing mediated by the Leadership at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Binjai City. This research was conducted with a causal associative quantitative approach. The sample used was all employees with a total of 105 people. The results of data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) show that Knowledge Management has a positive and significant influence on Knowledge Sharing Culture, with T-statistical values of 2.973 > 1.96 and P-Values of 0.003 < 0.05, which means that an increase in Knowledge Management will significantly improve the Knowledge Sharing Culture. In addition, Knowledge Management also has a positive and significant effect on Leadership, shown by a T-statistical value of 78.253 > 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that improving Knowledge Management will significantly improve organizational leadership. Other findings showed that Leadership had a positive and significant effect on the Knowledge Sharing Culture, with a T-statistic value of 5.668 > 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.000 < 0.05, which indicates that an increase in Leadership will significantly improve the Knowledge Sharing Culture. Indirect influence analysis showed that Leadership was able to intervene in the influence between Knowledge Management and Knowledge Sharing Culture, with a T-statistical value of 5.796 > 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.000 < 0.05. These results provide important insights that Leadership plays a significant intermediary variable in the relationship between Knowledge Management and Knowledge Sharing Culture at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Binjai City. These findings underscore the importance of integrating knowledge management strategies and leadership development to improve the culture of knowledge sharing in government institutions.
The Effect of Work Ability and Professionalism on Employee Performance Through Additional Income at the Binjai City Tourism Office
Authors: Wira Juwita  , Kiki Farida Ferine
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the influence of Work Ability and Professionalism on Employee Performance mediated by Additional Income at the Binjai City Tourism Office. This research was carried out at the Binjai City Tourism Office. The type of research is quantitative associative. The sample in this study is 38 employees with ASN and honorary status at the Binjai City Tourism Office. The sampling technique in this study uses a saturated sample where the entire population will be a sample in this study as many as 38 people. The results of the study show that Employability has a significant influence on Employee Performance as shown by a T-Statistic value of 7,311 > 1.96 and a P Value of 0.000 < 0.05. In the effect of Professionalism on Employee Performance, the T-Statistical value data was obtained from 5,570 > 1.96 and the P-Value value was 0.000 < 0.05 or there was an influence of Professionalism on Employee Performance. Workability has a significant effect on Employee Additional Income with  a T-Statistic value of 2,401 > 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.002 < 0.05. Professionalism has no effect on Employee Additional Income. This can be seen from the results   of the T-Statistic value of 0.668 < 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.548 > 0.05. In the effect of Additional Income on Employee Performance, a T-Statistic value of 3,701 > 1.96 was obtained with a P-Value of 0.009 < 0.05 which means that Additional Income has a significant effect on the Performance of Employees of the Binjai City Tourism Office. In the indirect influence, the results show that Additional Income does not have a role as an intervention variable in explaining the relationship between Work Ability and Professionalism on Employee Performance. This shows that improvements in Workability and Professionalism cannot increase Additional Income, which ultimately does not contribute to the improvement of the Performance of Employees of the Binjai City Tourism Office.Top of Form
The Influence of Democratic Leadership on Employee Performance With Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable in the Population and Civil Registry Office of Binjai City
Authors: Yani Utami Leo  , Mesra B
Published: August 2024

The role of employees in achieving organizational goals is undeniable, along with their behavior and performance which has a significant impact on the overall performance of the organization. Understanding the relationship between democratic leadership, employee performance, and organizational commitment, creates new challenges in optimizing organizational potential. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the influence of Democratic leadership on Employee Performance mediated by Organizational Commitment at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Binjai City. This research was conducted with a causal associative quantitative approach. The sample used was all employees with a total of 61 people. The results of data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) show that Democratic Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a T-Statistical value of 0.2,182 > 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.033 < 0.05, as well as Democratic Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment with a T-Statistical value of 44,165 > 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.000 < 0.05. However, Organizational Commitment has no effect on Employee Performance with a T-Statistic value of 1.956 < 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.055 > 0.05. Likewise, the organization's commitment was unable to intervene in the influence between Democratic Leadership on Employee Performance with  a T-Statistical value of 1.943 < 1.96 and a P-Value of 0.057 > 0.05. These results provide insight into the existence of other mediating factors that can affect the relationship between leadership style and employee performance at the Binjai City Population and Civil Registration Office.
Smart Governance in Public Services at the One-Stop Investment and Integrated Service Office of Palopo City
Authors: Nur Syamsuriadi , Susanti Gita , Hans Amril
Published: August 2024

This study examines the implementation of smart governance in the public services of the DPMPTSP Office in Palopo City, focusing on six key indicators: Smart Use of ICT, Smart Collaboration and Participation, Smart Internal Coordination, Smart Decision-Making, Smart Administration, and Smart Outcomes. Through qualitative research involving interviews and document analysis, reveal significant advancements, such as the adoption of digital applications and electronic signatures to enhance service delivery and data security. Successful collaboration through the establishment of the Public Service Mall (MPP) and improved internal coordination highlight the city's commitment to integrated services. However, challenges remain, including technical issues, limited public digital literacy, and the need for systematic efforts to attract investment and foster social inclusion. The study underscores the necessity of continued infrastructure improvements, enhanced public engagement, and strategic initiatives to achieve sustainable economic growth and comprehensive smart outcomes.
Capacity Building Challenges in Human Resource Development in Village Community Empowerment Organizations
Authors: Wahyuli Ririn Anugrah , Haning Muh Thahir , Lambali Suryadi
Published: August 2024

Capacity building is crucial for human resources management in the public sector as it not only enhances individual skills but also strengthens organizational structures and improves overall effectiveness. In Jeneponto, challenges in traditional and cultural empowerment significantly hinder local development, as indicated in the DPMD's 2021 Performance Report. A qualitative approach was employed to deeply understand the human resource capacity-building phenomenon at the Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (DPMD) of Jeneponto Regency. Data were collected through primary surveys and secondary sources, including structured and unstructured interviews with key informants such as heads of departments and local community leaders. This study found that Training and continuous professional development are essential for enhancing the individual and collective capabilities of the workforce, thereby improving institutional effectiveness and responsiveness to change. Despite high qualifications among employees, there is a notable gap in training accessibility due to budget constraints, predominantly affecting operational staff compared to top executives. Structural leadership within DPMD also shows a concentration of decision-making power among a few, with a need for broader leadership development at all levels to enhance initiative implementation and organizational agility. The study highlights the need for equitable budget allocation, relevant and inclusive training programs, and resource management improvements to foster effective capacity building. It emphasizes a holistic approach that addresses training, leadership, and infrastructure to support organizational goals and enhance public service quality.
Development Of Customer Requirements and Design Criteria of Hijab Via Quality Function Deployment Among Female Muslim Students in the Faculty of Management at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Authors: Yew Lim Kim , Kowang Tan Owee , Haris Muhammad Isfan , Hee Ong Choon , Trang Phung Thai Minh , Kenikasahmanworakhun Phatthararuethai
Published: August 2024

As a university in a nation where Moslems make up the majority, fashion-related matters will spark its interest among students and entrepreneurs, including hijab. With a wide variety of specifications and selections, it is difficult for hijab manufacturers to accommodate a variety of customer requirements. Hence, to stay competitive, it is important for hijab manufacturers to comprehend customer requirements and transform them as design specifications for hijab. As such, this research aims to apply Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to identify the important customer’s requirements of hijab for female Moslem students in the Faculty of Management (FM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), to determine the important design criteria for a new hijab for female Moslem students, and to assess the difference in hijab customers' requirements based on demographics. Five important attributes are identified from the literature review, which are type of hijab, material, colour selection, motif, and price. This study is quantitative based via survey questionnaire, with 216 female moslem students in FM responded. Kendall Coefficient test result revealed that the requirements ranking by the 216 respondents are consistent. Descriptive analysis results suggested that respondents viewed “colour selection” as the most important hijab requirement, followed by material, type of hijab, price and motif. Subsequently, a set of Hijab product specification is proposed based on frequency analysis. The proposed specification fulfilled a minimum of 70% of the customers requirement. Additionally, ANOVA analysis results suggested that customers’ body weight and height made no difference on customers requirement ranking, but customer nationality does affect the ranking of motif requirement. The implication of the finding is perhaps to provide guidance to the hijab manufacturers or Small and Medium Enterprise by concentrating on the certain attribute of hijab to be able to meet the customers’ requirements.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Balai Besar Meteorologi, Klimatologi, Dan Geofisika Wilayah II Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Intani Aulia  , Nariah Nariah
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of work motivation and work stress on employee performance at the Center for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Region II, South Tangerang, both partially and simultaneously. method used is quantitative. results of the t test research showed that the calculated t for work motivation was 5.770 > t table of 1.665 or a significance of 0.00 < 0.05, meaning that partially there was a significant influence of work motivation on employee performance. And the calculated t for work stress is -5.150 > t table 1.665 or a significance of 0.00 < 0.50, meaning that partially there is a significant influence of work stress on employee performance. For the f test, the calculated f is 34.312 > f table 3.15 or a significance of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that simultaneously there is a significant influence of work motivation and work stress on employee performance. Multiple linear regression analysis obtained the equation Y = 40.569 + 0.250 (X1) - 0.217 (X2). The determination analysis obtained a value of 0.471 with a percentage of 47.1%, while the remaining 48.7% was caused by other variables. The results of the f test obtained a calculated f of 34.312 > f table 3.15 or a significance of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that simultaneously there is a significant influence of work motivation and work stress on employee performance, and the coefficient of determination is 0.471. This illustrates that the variables Work Motivation (X1) and Work Stress (X2) have an influence of 47.1% on Employee Performance (Y), while the remaining 48.7% is caused by other variables not investigated in this research.
ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN JAMU TRADISIONAL IBU MELYDEL DENGAN INOVASI PRODUK, DAN KREATIFITAS STRATEGI PEMASARAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING
Authors: Aenul Ma’rifah  , Dumadi Dumadi  , Syariefful Ikhwan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the purchasing decisions of traditional herbal medicine by Ibu Melydel, considering product innovation and marketing strategy creativity as moderating variables. The main problem identified is whether environmental factors significantly affect purchasing decisions and how product innovation and marketing strategy creativity can mediate this relationship. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method, where data is collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely consumers of Ibu Melydel's traditional herbal medicine. Data analysis is conducted using linear regression and mediation tests to examine the direct and indirect effects of the variables studied. The subjects of this research are consumers of Ibu Melydel's traditional herbal medicine, while the objects are the influence of environmental factors on purchasing decisions, with product innovation and marketing strategy creativity as moderating variables. The study population includes all consumers of Ibu Melydel's traditional herbal medicine, and the sample is selected using purposive sampling, involving 59 respondents chosen based on specific criteria such as purchase frequency and willingness to participate in the study. The results show that environmental factors significantly influence product innovation (t-statistic 8.880, p-value 0.000) and marketing strategy creativity (t-statistic 26.428, p-value 0.000). However, there is no significant influence between environmental factors and purchasing decisions (t-statistic -0.840, p-value 0.401). Product innovation also does not significantly influence purchasing decisions (t-statistic 0.053, p-value 0.957), while marketing strategy creativity significantly affects purchasing decisions (t-statistic 3.385, p-value 0.001). Furthermore, there is no evidence supporting the mediating effect of product innovation in the relationship between environmental factors and purchasing decisions (t-statistic 0.051, p-value 0.959). On the other hand, marketing strategy creativity significantly mediates the relationship between environmental factors and purchasing decisions (t-statistic 3.405, p-value 0.001).
HUBUNGAN PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS II SD NEGERI 124386 JL. JAMBU PEMATANG SIANTAR
Authors: Linda Agustina  , Hendra Simanjuntak  , Esti Sirait
Published: August 2024

This resealrch alims to determine the relaltionship between the role of palrents alnd the lealrning alchievement of clalss II stuldents alt SD Negeri 124386 Jallaln Jalmbul Pemaltalngsialntalr.This resealrch ulses al qulalntitaltive alpproalch becalulse it ulses staltisticall resealrch instrulments to test hypotheses. The localtion of this resealrch is alt SD Negeri 124386, Jl. Jalmbul, Sialntalr Malrihalt District, Pemaltalngsialntalr City. In this stuldy, the salmples talken alre alll clalss II stuldents alt SD Negeri 124386 Jl. Jalmbul, nalmely 13 men alnd 10 women. Al qulestionnalire is al daltal collection techniqule thalt is calrried oult by giving respondents al set of qulestions or written staltements to alnswer. Where the qulestionnalire is prepalred balsed on the valrialbles of the indicaltors, nalmely for palrentall role valrialbles sulch als palrent-child interalction alt home alnd the provision of time alnd falcilities for children when stuldying.In the alnallyticall resullts it caln be seen thalt the role of palrents is in the high caltegory with al percentalge of 39.13%, while the lealrning alchievement of stuldents is in the high caltegory with the salme percentalge, nalmely 39.13%. In the normallity test ulsing the One-Salmple Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, the significalnce resullt wals 0.785, so it caln be conclulded thalt in clalss II the significalnce resullt wals 0.05, so the normallity test hald al normall distribultion. In the linealrity test, it caln be seen thalt the Devialtion From Linealrity vallule is 0.966, which is more thaln 0.05, so there is al linealr relaltionship between the independent valrialble alnd the dependent valrialble. In the resullts of the correlaltion test, the resealrcher obtalined significalnt resullts which caln show thalt the scientific alpproalch is relalted to the role of palrents on lealrning alchievement, with al vallule of rCoulnt > rTalble or 0.994 > 0.413, this shows thalt the scientific alpproalch is relalted to the role of palrents on the lealrning alchievement of clalss stuldents. II alt SD Negeri 124386 Jl. Jalmbul Pemaltalng Sialntalr, thuls in the t test there is al relaltionship between the role of palrents alnd lealrning alchievement, then Hal is alccepted alnd H0 is rejected.
PENERAPAN METODE REGRESI LINEAR PADA DATA PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Authors: Nailis Sa'adah
Published: August 2024

Online and offline learning will not be the same. There are several differences in indicators, such as indicators of the learning process, learning quality and learning outcomes. Besides that, there is a relationship between these indicators. This research aims to examine these differences and their relationships. The research involved using associative descriptive methods using questionnaires. Respondents consisted of students at XYZ Study Program. Data analysis uses the Linear Regression Method. The research results showed that respondents assessed that learning outcome indicators tended to have the best (positive) value. Respondents agreed that learning outcomes were not too affected by differences in learning patterns. As for the relationship between indicators, indicators of the learning process and learning quality do not really influence learning outcomes
Analisis Pengelolaan Tempe Dalam Perspektif Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Umkm Pada Pabrik Tempe Sofyan
Authors: Zainarti  , Husnul Khatimah  , Dinda Dewi Rahma Wijaya
Published: August 2024

One of the typical foods from Indonesia is tempeh, tempeh is a food that comes from fermented soybeans. There are many advantages of tempeh, some of these advantages are that the price of tempeh is very affordable, it is rich in nutritional value, it can be processed into various types of food, apart from being a side dish, it can also be processed. as a snack, therefore home businesses that produce tempeh have a great opportunity to compete in the business market, especially in terms of food. The development of micro, small and medium enterprises  in tempeh production is the main focus in the perspective of Islamic business ethics. This research uses a qualitative approach to explore Islamic ethical values applied in the management of Tempe . The findings highlight the processing process, obstacles in business development, honesty of business owners in developing tempe businesses in business practices. The integration of these principles can strengthen the sustainability of business, improve worker welfare, and provide benefits to society at large. The results provide insight into how an ethical approach to business can improve the performance of business in the food industry, especially in tempe production, as well as providing a basis for further discussion regarding the role of Islamic business ethics in the development of business.
Symposium « Anonymisation des données » : rapport
Authors: Laville Henry
Published: August 2024

L’ambition du Symposium « Anonymisation des données », organisé le 29 avril 2024 à l’Université de Montréal, en partenariat avec la Chaire L.R. Wilson, le CRDP, l’OBVIA, la Fondation du Barreau du Québec et le GERAD, était de réunir dans une perspective interdisciplinaire des professionnels et des chercheurs ayant une expertise technique ou juridique sur l’anonymisation des données. Leurs présentations ainsi que leurs échanges ont donné lieu à un panorama complet sur l’état des techniques d’anonymisation, des besoins et des défis rencontrés par les acteurs du secteur en sus des enjeux juridiques et politiques de la gouvernance des données.
SECURITY IN THE SKY: THE ROLE OF CLOUD ENGINEERS IN SAFEGUARDING DATA
Authors: Gudimetla Sandeep Reddy , Kotha Niranjan Reddy
Published: August 2024

In the digital age, cloud security emerges as a paramount concern due to the vast amount of sensitive data stored and processed in cloud environments. This research emphasizes the critical role of cloud engineers in ensuring robust data security, focusing on their responsibilities and the strategic methodologies they employ to mitigate risks. Cloud engineers play a pivotal role in designing and implementing secure cloud architectures, enforcing data encryption, managing access controls, and continually auditing security protocols to defend against evolving threats. The methodology of this study combines a qualitative approach with case study analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the practical measures and innovative solutions applied by cloud engineers in real-world scenarios. Key findings reveal that proactive security practices, including the use of advanced security tools like intrusion detection systems and automated threat response mechanisms, significantly enhance the security posture of cloud services. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of continuous professional development for cloud engineers to keep pace with rapidly changing technologies and sophisticated cyber threats. These insights underscore the indispensable role of cloud engineers in safeguarding cloud-based systems, ultimately ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data critical to organizational success. This abstract not only sheds light on their strategic importance but also sets the stage for further discussions on enhancing cloud security frameworks to better equip organizations against potential cyber vulnerabilities.
Biodiversity Assessment and Carbon Stock Valuation of the Banyu Habang Ecotourism Area
Authors: Nurhadi Aan , Sujalmi Yuri Budi , Baihaqi Herman , Hamdani Andri , Ramadhani Muhammad Azwar , Ajidinnor Ajidinnor , Siswantomo Ferry , Nofriyadi Slamet , Kurniawan Rio Rizky , Mardiah Adinda Ainun , Maulana Agus
Published: August 2024

The Banyu Habang Ecotourism Area is a joint effort between PT ADARO Indonesia, local communities, and the South Barito administration. It is an important ecosystem in Indonesia, known for its rich biodiversity and ability to absorb and store carbon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity and carbon stocks of the area, with the purpose of obtaining extensive data to guide conservation policies and sustainable management practices. The study utilized a combination of methods, including field surveys to collect data on plant and animal species using transects and plots, as well as estimating carbon storage by assessing biomass and utilizing mathematical models. The findings indicated a moderate level of diversity in the flora, as measured by the Shannon-Wiener indices. The indices ranged from 1.52 for trees to 2.12 for seedlings. Additionally, the study discovered some species of significant conservation value, such as the critically endangered Shorea belangeran and Shorea sp. A total of 22 bird species, 6 animal species (including the endangered long-tailed macaque), 9 herpetofauna species (highlighting the endemic Kalimantan Skink), and 12 arthropod species were recorded in the faunal surveys. The examination of carbon stock estimated a total of 322.54 tons per hectare across all species of plants, with Shorea sp. being the primary contributor. The carbon stocks were economically valued at a total of 69,944,794.92 in terms of conversion values. The results highlight the importance of ADARO Indonesia's CSR project in terms of its impact on the environment and its potential for economic benefits. The analysis determines that the region's abundant variety of living organisms and significant ability to capture and store carbon justify the need for specific conservation initiatives and sustainable methods of overseeing the area. Moreover, the assessment of the monetary value of carbon stocks presents a strong case for conserving the region. This implies that ADARO Indonesia might improve its environmental responsibility by engaging in carbon markets or Payment for Ecosystem Services programs.
Identifying Risk Factors Associated with Hypertension in Different Age Groups at Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I Jamshoro
Authors: Chang Mairaj Hafeez , Channar Husan Bano , Channa Ghulam Farooque , Halepoto Amber , Channa Sheerin , Rahimu Abdul Jabbar
Published: August 2024

Background: Hypertension is recognized as the leading cause of mortality in the 21st century. It has emerged as a significant and complex health issue, necessitating well-designed treatment strategies and healthy lifestyle habits for its prevention and management.
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the associated risk factors of hypertension in different age groups within the Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I, Jamshoro.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2 to March 30, 2024, at Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I, Ward No. 04, Union Council 23, Block A, Jamshoro. The study involved 70 households in Block A. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire focusing on hypertension-related questions. Convenient sampling technique was used to select participants. A total of 52 individuals known to have hypertension, based on their medical history and self-reported criteria, participated in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each participant, and all relevant information was provided before the interview. The study adhered to ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics to summarize the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants and examining associations between hypertension and various risk factors.
Results: Out of the 52 participants, 44 (84.6%) were male and 8 (15.4%) were female. Participants were categorized into four age groups: 18-27 years (13.5%), 28-37 years (9.6%), 38-47 years (38.5%), and above 48 years (38.5%). The highest prevalence of hypertension was observed in the age groups 38-47 years and above 48 years. Smoking was prevalent among participants, with 40 (76.9%) being current smokers. Physical inactivity was reported by 48 (92.3%) participants. A significant number of participants, 48 (92.3%), had a family history of hypertension. Non-compliance with hypertension treatment was observed in 35 (67.3%) participants. Additionally, 42 (80.8%) participants did not consume fruits frequently, and 44 (84.6%) were unaware that high salt intake could cause hypertension.
Conclusion: Smoking, physical inactivity, and family history were identified as the most prominent risk factors for hypertension, particularly in males aged 38 years and above. Lack of awareness regarding dietary habits, medication adherence, and sleep patterns also contributed to the development of hypertension. Targeted interventions and comprehensive health education are needed to address these modifiable risk factors and improve hypertension management in the community.
Navigating the Pedagogical Landscape: Ensuring Learning Progression in the Undergraduate Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Mushtaq Qurratulain , Pakeeza Aslam  , Fraz Noor  , Nilofar Mustafa  , Maqbool Sania , Junaid Sarfraz
Published: August 2024

Background: The landscape of medical education is continually evolving, demanding a proactive approach to ensure that undergraduate medical students are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary for a successful career in healthcare. This necessitates purposeful sequencing of the learning material with increasing complexity and difficulty across the years of the undergraduate medical course.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the progression of learning in undergraduate medical students, focusing on factors influencing their academic and clinical development.
Methods: The study utilized a mixed-methods design, combining a cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Data were collected from students at CMH Lahore Medical College, NUMS, and DHQ Hospital Narowal. Ethical approval was obtained, and the study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants completed a structured questionnaire capturing demographic information, academic performance, and self-assessment of clinical competencies. Both formative (quizzes, class discussions, small group activities) and summative assessments (final exams, OSCEs) were employed. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with faculty and focus group discussions with students. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic data, while inferential statistics (chi-square tests, t-tests) identified significant differences. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results: The study included 200 participants (60% male, 40% female). Average theoretical knowledge scores increased from 75% in Year 1 to 85% in Year 5. Clinical skills scores showed a similar trend, rising from 70% to 82%. Statistically significant differences were found in both theoretical knowledge and clinical skills between consecutive years (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed themes related to curriculum design, teaching methodologies, technological integration, and challenges such as cognitive overload and the transition to clinical learning.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a positive progression in learning outcomes for undergraduate medical students, with significant improvements in theoretical knowledge and clinical skills. Effective curriculum design, active learning strategies, and technological integration were crucial for enhancing learning. Challenges identified highlight the need for ongoing curriculum development and support systems to facilitate student learning and development.
Prevalence Of Sensitivity and Bleeding Gums in Smokers versus Non-Smokers
Authors: Malik Arshia , Adnan Meerub , Shahzad Anfaal , Anjum Areesha , Ajmal Josna , Zohra Sameen , Butt Hira
Published: August 2024

Background: Smoking is a significant public health issue linked to increased mortality and morbidity. Its impact on periodontal health remains unclear, whether through systemic or local effects. Tooth sensitivity and bleeding gums are common oral health issues influenced by various factors, including smoking.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of sensitivity and bleeding gums in smokers versus non-smokers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to May 2024 at the College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The study involved 100 participants, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. Gingival health was assessed using the gingival index, which scored the marginal and interproximal tissues from 0 to 3. The participants' demographics and experiences of tooth sensitivity were recorded using a proforma. The sample size was calculated to ensure a 95% confidence level and 5% precision. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. Chi-square tests assessed the association between smoking status and gingival health, as well as tooth sensitivity. The mean rank scores of the gingival index were compared between smokers and non-smokers using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.29 ± 11.946 years, with 71% males and 29% females. A significant association between smoking and gingival health was found (p = 0.001). Among non-smokers, 25% had good gingival health, compared to 0% of smokers. Conversely, 20% of smokers had poor gingival health, compared to 0% of non-smokers. The mean rank score for gingival index was significantly higher in smokers (75.5) than in non-smokers (25.50) (p = 0.001). An insignificant association between smoking and tooth sensitivity was observed (p = 0.316). Non-smokers reported higher tooth sensitivity (24%) compared to smokers (19%).
Conclusion: Non-smokers exhibited better gingival health compared to smokers. Bleeding gums were more prevalent among smokers, whereas tooth sensitivity was more common in non-smokers. These findings highlight the adverse effects of smoking on periodontal health and the need for targeted smoking cessation programs.
Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Achieved Sustained Virological Response with Interferon-Based Treatments
Authors: Kumar Chandar , Salman Ali  , Ayaz Ahmed Chandio  , Bushra Qadir  , Asif Ali Amir Ali  , Muhammad Sadik Memon
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) infection is a well-established risk factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Even after achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) through interferon-based treatment, the risk of developing HCC persists, albeit at a lower rate. Surveillance plays a critical role in preventing HCC progression, which is often a consequence of long-term liver damage or cirrhosis due to chronic infection.
Objective: To assess the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis C patients who achieved sustained virological response with interferon-based treatments.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology at the Asian Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Hyderabad, from January to June 2024. A total of 115 patients with chronic hepatitis C who achieved SVR following interferon-based treatments were included. Initial assessments included laboratory investigations, liver biopsies, and imaging studies. Serum HCV RNA and HCV genotype were collected at the start of treatment, at the end of treatment, and 24 weeks post-treatment. Follow-up was defined as the time from the completion of treatment to the date of HCC detection or the last available imaging if no HCC was detected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with significance set at P<0.05.
Results: The study included 115 patients, with a mean age of 53.68 years; 54.8% were males, and 45.2% were females. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 7 patients (6.1%). Genotype 2 had the highest rate of HCC occurrence at 16.7%, followed by genotype 1 at 5.6%; no HCC cases were found in genotype 3 (P=0.198). HCC incidence was higher in stage F0 fibrosis (18.8%) compared to stage F4 fibrosis (14.3%), with no cases in stages F3, F5, or F6 (P=0.292).
Conclusion: Despite achieving sustained virological response with interferon-based treatments, some chronic hepatitis C patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of HCC remains, particularly in older patients and those with advanced liver fibrosis. Continuous monitoring and follow-up are essential for early detection and management of HCC. Further research is needed to identify specific risk factors and improve post-treatment care.
Curcumin (Turmeric): A Carcinogenic, Miscarriage and Cirrhosis Causing Agent
Authors: Zahra Memoona , Faheem Hadi  , Tahir Maqbool  , Humaira Sultana  , Farah Abid  , Muhammad Adeel Aslam  , Mukhtiar Ahmad  , Shah Muhammad  , Muhammad Qideer ul Hassan
Published: August 2024

Background: Curcumin, a compound derived from the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), has been historically used in Asian cuisine and traditional medicine. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is believed to have therapeutic potential in various inflammatory and oxidative conditions. However, concerns have emerged regarding its safety at higher doses, particularly its potential carcinogenic, reproductive, and hepatotoxic effects.
Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the potential adverse effects of curcumin, focusing on its carcinogenic, reproductive, and hepatotoxic properties, as well as general side effects observed at different dosages.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed articles published up to the date of this review. The search terms included "curcumin," "turmeric," "carcinogenic," "miscarriage," "hepatotoxicity," and related keywords. Studies were included if they investigated the biological effects of curcumin in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical settings, specifically addressing its adverse effects. Data were extracted on study design, sample size, dosage, duration of curcumin administration, observed adverse effects, and conclusions. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using standardized tools appropriate for different study designs. The data were synthesized qualitatively and presented in a narrative format, with tables summarizing key characteristics and results.
Results: The review included numerous studies that reported adverse effects of curcumin at higher doses. Curcumin was found to cause DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations at doses of 10 µg/mL in vitro (1), and impaired tumor suppressor p53 function in colon cancer cells (2). Reproductive toxicity was observed with significant decreases in sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilization rates at concentrations of 5-50 µM (3). Embryo mortality in zebrafish occurred at 7.5 µM and 12.5 µM (4). Hepatotoxicity was reported in clinical cases of severe hepatitis linked to curcumin intake (7), and animal studies showed liver toxicity at dietary levels exceeding 30% turmeric (8). General side effects included gastrointestinal disturbances at doses of 900 to 3600 mg/day (9).
Conclusion: While curcumin has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, its use at higher doses poses significant risks, including DNA damage, reproductive toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. These findings underscore the necessity for cautious use of curcumin, particularly in high doses and over extended periods. Future research should focus on long-term studies to establish a comprehensive benefit-risk profile for curcumin.
Impact of Botulinum Toxin injection on Improving Facial Symmetry and Quality of Life in Patients with Long-Standing Peripheral Facial Palsy
Authors: Almas Rahim Balouch  , Arifa Haque  , Amna Aman  , Monaish Kumar  , Rabail Khero  , Afshan Faizan
Published: August 2024

Background: Facial palsy can cause significant psychological and social challenges, severely affecting quality of life. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is an effective treatment for persistent facial palsy, enhancing facial symmetry, and alleviating issues such as involuntary muscle movements and tightness.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate how patients with long-standing facial palsy experienced changes in their quality of life before, one month after, and four months after receiving botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections using three specific questionnaires: HFS-30, FaCE, and HAD. Additionally, the study sought to identify clinical factors linked to improvements in quality of life and assess the applicability of the HFS-30 questionnaire to patients with unilateral facial palsy.
Methods: The study included 88 patients with long-standing unilateral facial palsy. Data were collected on demographics, medical history, facial palsy history, and botulinum toxin injection details. Quality of life was assessed using the HFS-30, FaCE, and HAD questionnaires before the injection, and at one and four months post-injection. Statistical analyses were performed using paired Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and linear regression models. Ethical approval was obtained from the IRB (approval number 20211130113517), and all participants provided informed consent.
Results: Eighty-eight patients participated, with 63 women (72%) and 25 men (28%), averaging 53 years old (SD 15.8). Significant improvements in quality of life were observed one month post-injection, with the HFS-30 score improving from 45.1 (SD 22) to 35.4 (SD 20.5) (p < 0.0001) and the FaCE score improving from 50.2 (SD 24) to 59.3 (SD 22.1) (p < 0.0001). The HAD score improved from 13.8 (SD 6) to 12.2 (SD 5.8) (p = 0.0032). At four months, the improvements in HFS-30 and FaCE scores were sustained (HFS-30: 35.3, SD 21; FaCE: 58.1, SD 23), while the HAD score showed no significant change from baseline (12.9, SD 5.7).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that BoNT injection significantly enhances the quality of life of patients with unilateral facial palsy. The benefits of this improvement persisted for at least four months post-injection. Younger patients and those with shorter disease durations experienced more substantial improvements, highlighting the potential of early intervention.
Pattern of Daiabetic Retinopathy and its Effects on Health Related Quality of Life in In-Patients at Endocrinology Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar
Authors: Saleem Sara , Khan Muhammad Imshad , Ahmad Bilal , Numan Muhammad , Ullah Arif , Fayaz Noreen , Uzma
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, it affects the whole body, but it has serious effects on nerves, kidneys, heart and eyes. Diabetes mellitus causes retinopathy, which is one of the most significant consequences; high level of blood sugar damages the small blood vessels in the retina which is called microangiopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of acquired visual loss in working age group of adults and it has severe impact on the health related1quality of life (HRQoL).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at endocrinology unit of Hayatabad medical complex in six months’ period. The total sample size was 318. Data was collected from endocrinology unit with a validated questionnaire through nonprobability convenience sampling.DM diagnosed patients were selected and those who were not willing to participate and were physically not able to interact, were excluded from the study.
Results: There were 141(44.3%) male and 177(55.7%) female participants among the total 318 participants in the study.  Among these 56(17.6%) participants having mild diabetic retinopathy,81(25.5%) participants having moderate diabetic retinopathy,120(37.7%) participants having severe diabetic retinopathy while 61(19.2%) of the participants were not having clinically significant diabetic retinopathy. There was significant association of diabetic retinopathy with health-related quality of life (p value 0.04). There was a weak positive correlation between vision related quality of life (VRQOL) and the health related quality of life (HRQOL) relationship was positive (r (316(=0.124,p=0.027), it was statistically significant. The results showed that gender, socioeconomic condition, visual acuity, laser status for ocular problems, vitrectomy, and cataract has significant association with diabetic retinopathy
Conclusion: We conclude that diabetic retinopathy is quite prevalent in diabetic patients and is affecting the HRQOL. VRQOL is one of the associated factors resulting in poor HRQOL in these patients. Preventing measures including health education of the diabetic patients need to be ensured for regular ocular examination, to limit the complications of diabetes including poor HRQOL.