bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotechnologies de la reproduction : le clonage des animaux d’élevage
Authors: VIGNON X. , HEYMAN Y. , CHAVATTE-PALMER P. , RENARD J.P.
Published: April 2020

La reproduction d’espèces domestiques par clonage remonte à plus de 20 ans. Les premières techniques reposent sur la bissection d’embryons puis sur l’usage de cellules embryonnaires pour générer des animaux clonés par transfert de noyau. Avec l’apparition du clonage somatique, qui permet la préservation et l’obtention de descendants de génotypes de haute valeur, l’intérêt pour cette technologie s’est considérablement accru. Un retour sur ces 20 dernières années montre comment l’INRA s’est impliqué dans la mise au point méthodologique du clonage animal et a acquis une expertise reconnue, non seulement dans la production et l’analyse de clones d’animaux domestiques, mais également dans l’étude du rôle des altérations génétiques et épigénétiques dans le développement embryonnaire, foetal et postnatal chez ces animaux. Le clonage reste en effet peu efficace pour la production d’individus viables en comparaison d’autres techniques de reproduction assistée. Une meilleure compréhension de la reprogrammation épigénétique des noyaux de cellules somatiques et de ses effets sur le déroulement des gestations est nécessaire pour rendre cette technologie éthiquement et économiquement acceptable. L’acceptation des produits de clones dans l’alimentation dépend maintenant de l’approbation des agences d’évaluation. Celle-ci est basée sur l’acquisition de données scientifiques concernant la sécurité et l’équivalence des produits avec ceux qui sont issus d’animaux reproduits par fécondation. Cette synthèse fait le point sur les principales connaissances fondamentales sur le clonage somatique, depuis la cellule donneuse, jusqu’au descendant cloné, et leurs liens avec la santé, la viabilité, les caractéristiques quantitatives et de reproduction des individus clonés.
Les conduites de traite simplifiées en élevage laitier : vers la levée de l’astreinte biquotidienne
Authors: POMIÈS D. , MARNET P.G. , COURNUT S. , BARILLET F. , GUINARD-FLAMENT J. , RÉMOND B.
Published: April 2020

Depuis quelques années, les éleveurs laitiers français aspirent à une meilleure maîtrise de leur temps de travail, notamment vis-à-vis de la traite biquotidienne qui représente près de 50% de l’astreinte. C’est dans cette optique que l’INRA a évalué et/ou mis au point des outils et des conduites de traite innovants. Chez les bovins, les travaux menés sur le robot de traite ont mis en évidence une bonne adaptation des animaux à la machine et une production laitière peu modifiée, hormis une augmentation de la lipolyse et des spores butyriques du lait. Mais le prix élevé du robot et son utilisation au pâturage sont un frein pour de nombreux éleveurs. A l’opposé, la traite une seule fois par jour (monotraite) est une pratique peu coûteuse, rapide à mettre en oeuvre et réversible. Elle entraîne une diminution de la production laitière (de - 15 à - 46% selon l’espèce et le contexte) associée à un lait plus riche en protéines et matières grasses. L’utilisation prolongée de la monotraite pouvant entraîner une dégradation de la santé de la mamelle et de la qualité du lait, sa mise en oeuvre se limite généralement à quelques semaines. La suppression de la traite du dimanche soir, la modulation des horaires de traite ou la monotraite en présence du jeune sont d’autres alternatives à la traite «classique», qui permettent de répondre en partie aux aspirations des éleveurs à une meilleure qualité de vie. Le développement de ces conduites repose en grande partie sur la possibilité de sélectionner des femelles laitières aptes à tolérer de longs intervalles entre traites.
Evolution des recherches en nutrition piscicole à l’INRA : substitution des produits d’origine marine dans l’alimentation des poissons d’élevage
Authors: MÉDALE F. , KAUSHIK S.
Published: April 2020

La farine de poisson et l’huile de poisson sont les principaux ingrédients des aliments piscicoles. L’essor de l’aquaculture mondiale a engendré une forte demande de ces matières premières fabriquées à partir des captures de pêches et dont la production stagne. Une partie des recherches sur la nutrition des poissons a été orientée par le besoin de diversifier les ingrédients des aliments piscicoles, pour réduire la dépendance de l’aquaculture aux matières premières marines. Cet article décrit l’évolution des recherches sur la nutrition des poissons : de l’étude des besoins nutritionnels à la compréhension des mécanismes de l’utilisation des nutriments et leur régulation par les ingrédients alimentaires pour répondre à des enjeux environnementaux et économiques. Les objectifs scientifiques ont été d’une part, de mieux comprendre les conditions de l’utilisation métabolique de l’apport azoté afin de réduire l’utilisation des acides aminés à des fins énergétiques, d’autre part, d’explorer les limites d’utilisation des sources énergétiques glucidiques et lipidiques. A titre d’illustration, il montre les progrès que les résultats de recherche ont permis de réaliser spécifiquement dans le domaine du remplacement des farines et huiles de poissons dans les aliments aquacoles, contribuant ainsi au développement durable de la filière piscicole.
Facteurs de réussite de l’insémination chez la lapine et méthodes d’induction de l’oestrus
Authors: THEAU-CLEMENT M.
Published: April 2020

Cette synthèse bibliographique fait le point sur les connaissances des facteurs de réussite de l’insémination et des méthodes susceptibles d’induire la réceptivité des lapines au moment de l’insémination afin d’améliorer leur fécondité. La parité, l’état d’allaitement et de pseudogestation ainsi que la réceptivité sexuelle au moment de l’insémination, influencent les performances de reproduction. La pseudogestation au moment de l’IA déprime fortement les performances de reproduction, cependant la cause des ovulations non maîtrisées est aujourd’hui inconnue. L’utilisation routinière de eCG sur des lapines allaitantes, permet d’augmenter de façon durable la proportion de lapines réceptives au moment de l’IA et en conséquence leur productivité, sans risque immunitaire important. Appliquées juste avant l’IA, des méthodes alternatives à l’utilisation d’hormones ont été étudiées : une manipulation des animaux (changement de cage, regroupement des femelles), la proximité des mâles, une séparation mère-jeunes, des programmes alimentaires et des stimulations lumineuses. Si certaines de ces méthodes améliorent la fécondité, elles sont susceptibles parfois de freiner la croissance des lapereaux (programmes lumineux, séparation ponctuelle de la mère et ses produits…). En conséquence, pour une application raisonnée dans les élevages, il est important de considérer des critères de productivité globale (combinant la fertilité, la taille de portée et le poids des lapereaux) sur le long terme et d’étudier la durabilité des effets. Cependant, une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes physiologiques sous-jacents permettrait un meilleur contrôle de la reproduction dans les élevages cunicoles.
Ecosystème caecal et nutrition du lapin : interactions avec la santé digestive
Authors: GIDENNE T. , COMBES S. , LICOIS D. , CARABAÑO R. , BADIOLA I. , GARCIA J.
Published: April 2020

Herbivore et monogastrique, le lapin héberge dans les parties distales de son tube digestif un microbiote dense et actif qui joue un rôle clé dans sa physiologie digestive, tant du point de vue de sa santé que du point de vue de l’efficacité digestive. L’écosystème cæco-colique est le siège d’interactions complexes entre le biotope et la biocénose, et son fonctionnement demeure encore mal connu.
Cette synthèse résume d’abord les données concernant le biotope caecal et ses caractéristiques physicochimiques, qui ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études. Nos connaissances sur la biocénose caecale, obtenues par les méthodes classiques de culture seront ensuite présentées, puis celles obtenues récemment à l’aide d’outils de microbiologie moléculaire.
Enfin, cette revue décrit les effets des principaux nutriments et de quelques stratégies d’alimentation sur le fonctionnement de cet écosystème, et les interactions avec la santé digestive du lapereau.
Durabilité des pratiques d’élevage du lapin de chair en France
Authors: FORTUN-LAMOTHE L.
Published: April 2020

Après avoir défini le concept d’agriculture durable et présenté le principe de l’évaluation de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles (méthode IDEA), nous avons analysé la durabilité des pratiques d’élevage du lapin de chair en France. Il ressort de cette analyse que, à l’image d’autres élevages hors-sol, les pratiques d’élevage du lapin de chair possèdent des limites, notamment dans l’échelle de durabilité environnementale (élevage en claustration, gestion des effluents…). Mais elles possèdent également des atouts, plus particulièrement dans les échelles économique et sociale (rentabilité, conditions de travail). L’enjeu sera donc de gérer les évolutions réglementaires et de faire face aux évolutions du marché en conservant le maximum de ses avantages.
Les fibres dans l’alimentation des truies gestantes : effets sur la nutrition, le comportement, les performances et les rejets dans l’environnement
Authors: PHILIPPE F.X. , REMIENCE V. , DOURMAD J.Y. , CABARAUX J.F. , VANDENHEEDE M. , NICKS B.
Published: April 2020

L’intérêt premier d’alimenter les truies gestantes avec des rations enrichies en fibres (REF) est de les rassasier sans apport excessif d’énergie. Une teneur en fibres de l’ordre de 15-20% de NDF (Neutral Detergent Fibre) permet ainsi aux truies d’adapter leur consommation à leurs besoins, ce qui permet d’envisager une distribution à volonté des aliments, technique qui réduit notablement le coût de l’équipement d’alimentation. L’effet des fibres sur la sensation de satiété est notamment attribuable aux plus grandes quantités consommées, à l’augmentation du temps consacré à l’ingestion et à un ralentissement de la vidange gastrique. L’amélioration du niveau de bien-être des truies résultant du rassasiement se traduit par une réduction de la fréquence des stéréotypies et des agressions. L’inconvénient d’une distribution de REF tient à une diminution, cependant limitée, de la digestibilité de l’énergie associée à une accélération du transit intestinal, une production accrue de méthane lors des fermentations et une diminution de l’accessibilité des enzymes digestives et microbiennes aux composants cellulaires. La valorisation de l’énergie provenant des fibres chez la truie est cependant meilleure que chez le porc en croissance. Pour autant que les apports alimentaires tiennent compte de la réduction de la digestibilité de l’énergie, les performances de reproduction des truies ne sont pas affectées. Au contraire, le développement du volume du tube digestif induit par les REF en cours de gestation permet une augmentation de l’ingestion en début de lactation, favorisant ainsi la production laitière et limitant la mobilisation des réserves corporelles. Au niveau environnemental, le recours aux REF diminue les émissions d’ammoniac mais favorise les émissions de méthane.
Introduction générale
Authors: BONNEAU M.
Published: April 2020

Comme toute activité d’élevage, la production porcine est à l’origine d’effluents qui peuvent avoir un impact sur l’environnement parce qu’ils affectent la qualité de différentes ressources naturelles comme l’air, l’eau, le sol et la santé humaine. Le programme «Porcherie verte» s’est plus particulièrement attaché à un certain nombre de composés présents dans l’alimentation du porc dont une fraction, non retenue par l’animal, est rejetée dans les déjections. Le devenir de ces composés tout au long de la chaîne de production, de l’aliment du bétail au sol, varie beaucoup en fonction des filières utilisées pour la gestion des effluents.
Dans l’esprit du public, les nuisances olfactives sont également très liées à la production porcine. Souvent considérées comme un facteur limitant essentiel au développement de cet élevage, elles dépendent aussi très largement des filières utilisées pour la gestion des effluents. Voir l'article complet sur ce lien  https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/3353/34130/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2008_4_Intro.pdf
Les actions de recherches conduites au sein du programme "Porcherie verte"
Authors: HERPIN P. , PEREZ J.M.
Published: April 2020

Les actions de recherches sont classées en quatre groupes correspondant aux quatre grands objectifs de «Porcherie verte ». La participation des partenaires du programme est identifiée en tant que responsable ou collaborateur des actions : ADAESO, AFSSA, Agrocampus Ouest, Arvalis, CEMAGREF, CRAB, INRA, IFIP (voir plus haut tableau sur les partenaires du GIS «Porcherie verte»). Voir l'article complet sur le lien suivant.
https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/5595/79568/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2008_4_01.pdf
Mesure des nuisances olfactives associées à l’élevage porcin
Authors: BERDAGUE J.L. , BONNEAU M.
Published: April 2020

Cet article résume les apports du programme «Porcherie verte» dans le développement de méthodes de mesure des nuisances olfactives qui, dans l’esprit du public, sont fortement associées à l’élevage porcin et constituent un facteur limitant essentiel à son développement.
Deux approches, l’une sensorielle, l’autre instrumentale, ont été utilisées conjointement. L’approche sensorielle visait à mettre au point une méthode d’appréciation des odeurs de porcherie qui soit délocalisée (le jury n’a pas besoin de se déplacer sur les lieux), moins lourde que la méthode officielle par dilution d’échantillons d’atmosphères et qui prenne en compte la dimension qualitative des odeurs. Des boîtes de Petri remplies de phase lipidique ont été exposées à l’atmosphère ambiante de porcheries et soumises à une appréciation olfactive par un jury de 10 personnes en laboratoire. Les notations du jury sont bien corrélées à l’appréciation olfactive in situ par la personne ayant réalisé les prélèvements et discriminent bien les situations d’élevage dans l’ordre décroissant d’intensité d’odeurs suivant : post-sevrage et engraissement sur caillebotis > maternité sur caillebotis > litières.
Pour pallier les inconvénients liés au caractère subjectif de l’appréciation sensorielle, l’approche instrumentale visait à mettre au point une méthode de prélèvement (Micro Extraction en Phase Solide) et d’analyse des composés volatils piégés sur la phase solide (Spectrométrie de Masse). Les signatures spectrales obtenues permettent de différencier les situations d’élevage comme exposé précédemment et de prédire de façon satisfaisante (R2 = 0,92) les résultats de l’appréciation olfactive par le jury de laboratoire.
Les avancées méthodologiques obtenues dans le cadre de ce travail semblent ouvrir la voie à la possibilité de mesurer et caractériser les odeurs de porcherie de façon simple et rapide. Ces méthodes n’ont cependant été testées que pour des atmosphères relativement concentrées à l’intérieur des porcheries. Leur validité pour caractériser des atmosphères extérieures reste à établir.
La politique de l’eau : approche économique et application à la pollution des élevages
Authors: LE GOFFE P.
Published: April 2020

En Bretagne, les résultats de la politique de l’eau ne sont pas à la hauteur des sommes engagées par les éleveurs et les pouvoirs publics. L’explication que propose l’article est que les principes économiques inscrits dans la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE) ne sont pas appliqués dans notre pays, contrairement à ce qu’on observe dans les pays du nord de l’Europe. Dans la DCE, l’objectif environnemental est défini comme un optimum économique, qui doit maximiser la valeur collective ou minimiser les coûts sociaux. En outre, la DCE donne les moyens d’atteindre cet optimum, en imposant la «récupération des coûts», dont la version environnementale est le principe pollueur-payeur (PPP). Ces concepts sont confrontés au dispositif français de maîtrise des pollutions des élevages, qui se caractérise par l’hypertrophie de la réglementation et le refus d’appliquer le PPP. C’est ce qui explique que les producteurs ne soient pas incités à réduire la pollution en employant les solutions les moins coûteuses, au premier rang desquelles se trouve l’épandage. En conclusion, on suggère de recentrer les missions de l’Etat sur la définition des normes et l’application du PPP, et d’alléger la réglementation de manière à lever les freins à l’épandage.
Correct Expression of the Material Derivative in Continuum Physics
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: April 2020

The material derivative is important in continuum physics. This Letter shows that the expression $\frac{d }{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}+(\bm v\cdot \bm \nabla)$, used in most literature and textbooks, is incorrect. The correct expression $ \frac{d (:)}{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}(:)+\bm v\cdot [\bm \nabla (:)]$ is formulated. The solution existence condition of Navier-Stokes equation has been proposed from its form-solution, the conclusion is that "\emph{The Navier-Stokes equation has solution if and only if the determinant of flow velocity gradient is not zero, namely $\det (\bm \nabla \bm v)\neq 0$.}"
Exploring Urgent Non-Pharmacological and Socioeconomic Interventions for the COVID 19 Epidemic in Spain
Authors: Rojo-Manaute José Manuel , Capa-Grasa Alberto , Rodriguez-Maruri Guillermo , Chana-Rodríguez Francisco , Puerta Zaballa Pedro , Diaz Freire Pablo
Published: April 2020

Non-pharmacological interventions in the fight against COVID 19 include: a) suppression, which facilitates its extinction; and b) mitigation, which reduces its speed of spread. Left unmitigated, the intensive care unit bed capacity (ICU) is exceeded over its maximum supply, resulting in increased deaths. Suppression has shown in simulation models the potential for decreasing ICU occupation below its surge limit, effectively decreasing mortality. However, for avoiding a rebound in transmission, suppression must be maintained intermittently until a vaccine is available (which may take up to 2 years). The objective of this paper was to describe the mortality patterns observed in Spain, Italy and South Korea for discussing a hypothetical combined public health policy and socioeconomic model that could potentially reduce mortality while reducing the economic impact of this pandemic in Spain. The plan is based on a progressive-voluntary reinstatement to work of the population exposed to the lowest risks (healthy non-immune family units <50 y/o and immune population) and it depends on having sufficiently available ICU beds for providing adequate support. This model, if proven correct for Spain, could eventually be followed by other countries facing a similar impact of the present pandemic.
CoVID-19: Where We Are, What We Should Do and What We Should Learn
Authors: Eppinger Jörg , Rueping Magnus
Published: April 2020

There were warnings before; nevertheless the current CoVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise: within just four month, it conquered the globe and claimed over 200'000 lives. Unprecedented governmental actions put about half of the population under curfew or lock-down. The resulting economic meltdown is expected to eliminate globally 9’000’000’000’000 (9 trillion) USD in 2020 and 2021 alone, a value roughly the size of the yearly GDP of the world’s 150 smallest economies. The resulting crises might cause mass-unemployment and a hunger pandemic later this year. This Essay analyses current statistical data of the CoVID-19 pandemic to develop a guideline for a path through the crisis, minimizing both loss of lives and economic costs. Part 1 details the current situation; part 2 develops a small set of measures, allowing a near normal life until a future vaccination campaign has reached sufficient numbers of people; and part 3 provides some important lessons for the future beyond SARS-CoV-2. The Essay leads to the following key-messages: 1) The CoVID-19 pandemic will stay for at least two more years. This is the minimum time required for a vaccination campaign to reach sufficient numbers of people. 2) The crucial element to control the pandemic is keeping case numbers under the threshold required for a functional tracing, testing & isolation (TTI) strategy. That threshold differs from country to country and strongly depends on culture and the applied tracing technology as well as available testing capacities. 3) The economic burden of a TTI strategy is moderate while fatalities are also reduced. Hence, such an approach is strongly recommended. Its implementation requires a set of simple and cost-effective measures (see figure below), which in combination seem to be sufficient to keep CoVID-2’s reproductive rate at or below 1. 4) Implementing international coordination of actions will be necessary for effective infection-chain tracing5) If case numbers are above the TTI threshold, shutdown measures remain the only option until tracing of infection chains becomes feasible again.6) In the future, neglected pandemic-related research requires a funding boost. Just 1% of the bill of the current crisis could support the research of 45’000 scientist for 20 years.
An Advanced Decision Support Platform in Energy Management to Increase Energy Efficiency for Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Grigoraș Gheorghe , Neagu Bogdan-Constantin
Published: April 2020

The paper presents a new vision on the energy consumption management in the case of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), integrated into an advanced decision support platform, with technical and economic benefits on increasing the energy efficiency, which contains modules for database management, profiling, forecasting, and production scheduling. Inside each module, Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining techniques were proposed to remove the uncertainties regarding the dynamic of technological flows. Thus, the data management module includes the Data Mining techniques, that extract the technical details on the energy consumption needed in the development of production scheduling strategies, the profiling module uses an original approach based on clustering techniques to determine the typical energy consumption profiles required in the optimal planning of the activities, the forecasting module contains a new approach based on an expert system to forecast the total energy consumption of the SMEs, and production scheduling module integrates a heuristic optimization method to obtain the optimal solutions in flattening the energy consumption profile. The testing was done for a small enterprise from Romania, belonging to the domain of trade and repair of vehicles. The obtained results highlighted the advantages of the proposed decision support platform on the decrease in the intensity of energy consumption per unit of product, reduction of the purchase costs, and modification of the impact whom the energy bills have on the operational costs.
A Note on the Degenerate Poly-Cauchy Polynomials and Numbers of the Second Kind
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Jang Lee-Chae
Published: April 2020

Kim(2015) introduced the degenerate Cauchy numbers of the second kind and gave some identities of them. In this paper, by using the modified polyexponential functions which are introduced by Kim-Kim(2019), we define the degenerate poly-Cauchy polynomials of the second kind and investigate some properties of them. Furthermore, we consider the degenerate unipoly-Cauchy polynomials of the second kind and discuss some properties of them.
COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Misconception among Individuals, Impact on Animal and the Role of Mathematical Epidemiologists
Authors: Ibrahim Oluwasegun Micheal , Ekundayo Damilola Daniel
Published: April 2020

This work considers a couple of misconceptions among Nigerian people in the COVID-19 Pandemic era. The impact of this Pandemic on animals and the role of Mathematical Epidemiologists in combatting the spread is discussed herein.
Evaluation of HIV and AIDS Workplace Policy at Nkhotakota District Council, Malawi
Authors: Mbulaje Patrick , Muula Adamson
Published: April 2020

The evaluation was conducted to find out whether the stipulated objectives of the policy are being followed, and at the same time find out whether the envisioned results of implementing such policy system have been achieved so far. The evaluation was expected to provide an opportunity for mending shortfalls of the whole system that would affect its sustainability and usefulness.A total of 33 participants were interviewed in this study and came from the study area (Nkhotakota District Council Office). Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. All study respondents were purposively selected where respondents considered having relevant information and they were interviewed to obtain wide range of perspectives.Seven themes were identified; knowledge on policy, limited stakeholder involvement, poor HIV and AIDS programming, ethical issues, future perspective of the policy, Other Recurrent Transaction (ORT) allocation, and availability of HIV and AIDS Committee. On knowledge on policy, the sub-themes included; objectives well outlined, and poor updates on the policy. On limited stakeholder involvement, the sub-themes were; lack of ownership, ignorance of involvement, and not involved/limited involvement. On the Poor HIV and AIDS programming theme, sub-themes identified were; exclusion of activities in the District Implementation Plan (DIP) and lack of funds. There was one sub-theme on ethical issues and future perspective.We found that the Nkhotakota District Council HIV and AIDS at workplace policy is not functioning properly due to poor coordination and lack of funding. However, there are some positives identified such as existence of the coordinating committee and allocation of funds through ORT. Although the system has been functional for some years in well-established structures, lack of participation by some stakeholders, non-inclusion of HIV and AIDS activities in the DIPs underpin its sustainability
On the Product Rule for the Hyperbolic Scator Algebra
Authors: Cieśliński Jan , Kobus Artur
Published: April 2020

Scator set, introduced by Fernández-Guasti and Zaldívar, is endowed with a very peculiar non-distributive product. In this paper we consider the scator space of dimension $1+2$ and the so called fundamental embedding which maps the subset of scators with non-zero scalar component into 4-dimensional space endowed with a natural distributive product. The original definition of the scator product is induced in a straightforward way. Moreove, we propose an extension of the scator product on the whole scator space, including scators with vanishing scalar component.
Treatment of Proximal Femoral Fragility Fractures in Patients with COVID-19 During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Northern Italy
Authors: Catellani Francesco , Coscione Andrea , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Usai Luca , Roscitano Claudio , Fiorentino Gennaro
Published: April 2020

Background:

From February 20 to April 2020, the coronavirus SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2 spread in northern Italy, drastically challenging the care capacities of the national health care system. Unprepared for this emergency, hospitals have quickly reformulated paths of assistance in an effort to guarantee treatment for infected patients. Orthopaedic departments have been focused on elderly traumatology, especially the treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the orthopaedic management strategy for femoral fragility fractures in COVID-19-positive patients with the hypothesis that operative treatment may contribute to the overall stability of the patient.

Methods:

Sixteen patients affected by proximal femoral fracture and a recent history of fever, shortness of breath, and desaturation were admitted to the emergency room. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) and oropharyngeal swabs confirmed that they were positive for COVID-19, requiring hospitalization and prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin.

Results:

Three patients died before surgery because of severe respiratory insufficiency and multiple-organ-failure syndrome. Ten patients underwent surgery on the day after admission, whereas 3 patients had suspended their use of direct thrombin inhibitors and needed surgery to be delayed until the third day after admission. In all patients except 1, we noted an improvement in terms of O2 saturation and assisted respiration. In 9 patients, hemodynamic and respiratory stability was observed at an average of 7 days postoperatively. Four patients who underwent surgical treatment died of respiratory failure on the first day after surgery (1 patient), the third day after surgery (2 patients), or the seventh day after surgery (1 patient).

Conclusions:

We noted a stabilization of respiratory parameters in 12 COVID-19-positive patients who underwent surgery treatment of proximal femoral fractures. We believe that in elderly patients with COVID-19 who have proximal femoral fractures, surgery may contribute to the overall stability of the patient, seated mobilization, improvement in physiological ventilation, and general patient comfort in bed.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Herramientas actuales para el diagnóstico, manejo y control de la caries dental. Parte II. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Jara Porroa Jackeline Jajaira , De la Cruz Sedano Gabriela Silvia , Ventura Flores Abigail Katherine , Perona–Miguel de Priego Guido Alberto
Published: April 2020

El Sistema Internacional de Clasificación y Manejo de la Caries (ICCMS) es un conjunto de protocolos clínicos basados en tener un mejor enfoque en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la caries dental. Consiste en modificar los factores de riesgo y tratar los dientes con lesiones de caries activas para preservar la estructura del diente y restaurarlo solo cuando sea necesario. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar las herramientas de diagnóstico actuales para mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones al seleccionar un plan de tratamiento y permitirnos una atención más individualizada en cada paciente.
Photosynthesis, biomass and fine root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean agroforestry system
Authors: Liu Bin , Gao Pengxiang , Zhang Shuoxin
Published: April 2020

Background:Agroforestry system is regarded as a promising practice in sustainable agricultural management. However, the effects of long-term tree-based intercropping on crop remain poorly understood, especially in the Loess Plateau. In this study, the impacts of photosynthetic and respiration rate were determined by the portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400), and the effects of the root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean intercropping system were measured by soil auger and WinRHIZO root analysis system, in the Loess Plateau. Results:The results showed that soybean reached the highest net photosynthetic rate during flowering period, with the net photosynthetic rate of intercropped soybean, which was 20.40µmol·m-2·s-1, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. Soybean biomass reached the maximum during the pod-bearing period, with intercropped soybean biomass being 25.49g, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. The mean diameter and increased density of soybean fine roots reduced along with increased soil depth. Both the diameter (0.43mm) and increased density (930cm/dm3) of intercropped soybean fine roots were evidently higher than those of monocropped soybean(0.35mm, 780cm/dm3). With increasing cropping years, fine roots of intercropped soybean tended to be mainly distributed in soil at a depth between 0 and 20cm from the fifth year. Conclusion:Collectively, compared with soybean monoculture, walnut soybean agroforestry system is more conducive to soybean growth in the Loess Plateau.
The gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism in pupfishes of the Mojave Desert
Authors: Bhute Shrikant S , Escobedo Brisa , Haider Mina , Mekonen Yididya , Ferrer Dafhney , Hillyard Stanley D. , Friel Ariel D , Breukelen Frank van , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: April 2020

Background Pupfish frequently enter paradoxical anaerobism in response to endogenously produced or exogenously supplied ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the role of the gut microbiota in ethanol-associated paradoxical anaerobism, gut microbial communities were depleted using a cocktail of antibiotics and profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the control group (n=12), microbiota-depleted fish (n=12) spent more time in paradoxical anaerobism. Our analysis indicated that the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, and Dependentiae dominated the pupfish gut, which is consistent with other fish gut microbiota. Although the gut microbial communities with and without antibiotic treatment were similarly diverse, they were distinct and the greatest contribution to the dissimilarity (27.38%) was the common fish commensal Cetobacterium. Conclusions This study reports the first characterization of gut microbial communities of pupfish and suggests the microbiome may play a critical role in regulating metabolic strategies that are critical for survival in extremes of temperature and oxygen concentration. We speculate that Cetobacterium, a primary fermenter, also consumes ethanol through secondary fermentation via an alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore regulates the transition from paradoxical anaerobism to aerobic respiration in fish. Given the wide distribution and abundance of Cetobacterium in warm-water fishes, this process may be of broad importance, and suggests that the microbiome be carefully considered for both conservation and aquaculture.
How to improve the safety of bicortical pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar vertebrae: Analysis base on three-dimensional CT reconstruction of patients in the prone position
Authors: Xu Chao , Hou Qingxian , Chu Yanchen , Huang Xiuling , Yang Wenjiu , Ma Jinlong , Wang Zhijie
Published: April 2020

Background: Through the comparison of three-dimensional CT reconstruction between the supine position and the prone position, the relative position of thoracolumbar great vessels and vertebral body was studied, and the shortest safe distance between them was measured to improve the safety of bicortical pedicle screw insertion and reduce the risk of vascular injury. Methods: Forty adults were selected to participate the research. Three-dimensional reconstruction of thoracolumbar (T9-L3) CT was performed in the prone position and the supine position. The relative distance between the Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and vertebral body was obtained as AVD/VVD respectively. The relative angle of the Aorta/ IVC and the vertebral body was calculated as ∠AOY/∠VOY. Self-controlled experiments were carried out in the prone and the supine positions, and the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results: The AVD of the prone position and the supine position was the shortest at T12 (3.18 ±0.68mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. The aorta of the T9-L3 segment was shifted from the anterolateral to the anteromedial. The ∠AOY of the other groups differed significantly between the prone and supine positions in all vertebrae except L1 (P < 0.05), and the aorta in the prone position was more anteromedial than that of supine position. With regard to VVD/∠VOY, there was no significant difference between the prone and supine positions (P≥0.05), and the minimum VVD of L3 segment is greater than 5.4mm. The IVC has no obvious mobility and is fixed in the range of 20 °~ 30 ° near the midline. Conclusion: When using bicortical anchoring of pedicle screws, it is safe to ensure that the protruding tips of the screw is less than 3mm. Due to the mobility of the aorta in different postures and individual differences in anatomy, the prone position CT can help doctors to make better preoperative plans and decisions.
What is the role of the Practice Nurse in the care of people living with dementia, or cognitive impairment, and their support person(s)? : A systematic review.
Authors: Gibson Caroline , Goeman Dianne , Pond Dimity
Published: April 2020

Background: The potential value of expanding the Practice Nurse role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged and Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia information and support so that people living with dementia are better equipped to self-manage their health and live well with dementia. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine published Australian and international literature to identify the existing and potential roles of Practice Nurse’s involvement in the delivery of care to people living with dementia or cognitive impairment and their support person(s) and also describe the characteristics and effectiveness of nurse interventions in dementia models of care in general practice. Methods: We systematically reviewed the evidence for roles and characteristics of the Practice Nurse in the delivery of dementia care. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant original research published in English between January 2000 and January 2019 and available in full text. Thirteen articles were included. Results: Characteristics of roles, undertaken by nurses working in the general practice setting, which were potentially beneficial to people living with dementia and their support person were identified. These included increased patient accessibility to the Practice Nurse, early recognition and management of cognitive changes, care management and collaboration with the General Practitioner. Limitations of the provision of dementia care by Practice Nurses included a lack of definition of the role, inadequate dementia specific training, time constraints and poor communication with General Practitioners. Conclusions Further research is required to define and evaluate the scope of practice and characteristics of the Practice Nurse role in dementia care provision. Embedding in usual general practice care an evidence-based model of care describing the role of the Practice Nurse in dementia care provision has the potential to increase early recognition of cognitive impairment and more appropriate primary care management of dementia. Systematic Review registration number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018088191
Lifestyle Factors Associated with Prevalent and Exacerbated Musculoskeletal Pain After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Jinnouchi Hiroshige , Ohira Tetsuya , Kakihana Hironobu , Matsudaira Ko , Maeda Masaharu , Yabe Hirooki , Suzuki Yuriko , Harigane Mayumi , Iso Hiroyasu , Kawada Tomoyuki , Yasumura Seiji , Kamiya Kenji
Published: April 2020

Background: While the prevalence of post-disaster musculoskeletal pain has been documented, its associated disaster-related factors have not been investigated. This study was to investigate the association of lifestyle factors associated with musculoskeletal pain after the Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 34,919 participants, aged 40-89 years, without any major disabilities at about 1 year after the disaster. The participants were asked about their musculoskeletal pain (low back and limb pain) and lifestyle factors: use of evacuation shelters or temporary housing at any point of time, job loss after the disaster, decreased income after the disaster, current smoking status, current drinking status, lack of sleep, regular exercise, and participation in recreational or community activities. Furthermore, psychological factors, such as traumatic reactions, psychological distress, and uncomfortable symptoms, affecting musculoskeletal pain were assessed. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios of each lifestyle factor for prevalent and prevalent plus exacerbated musculoskeletal pain. Results: Musculoskeletal pain prevalence was 32.8%: 27.6% for prevalent and 5.2% for prevalent plus exacerbated musculoskeletal pain. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of lifestyle factors associated with prevalent and prevalent plus exacerbated musculoskeletal pain were as follows: shelter use (prevalent: 1.02, 0.96-1.08; exacerbated: 1.44, 1.29-1.60), job loss (prevalent: 1.03, 0.96-1.10; exacerbated: 1.30, 1.16-1.47), decreased income (prevalent: 1.13, 1.05-1.21; exacerbated: 1.29, 1.14-1.45), current heavy drinking (prevalent: 1.33, 1.21-1.47; exacerbated: 1.38, 1.14-1.68), insomnia (prevalent: 1.22, 1.15-1.29; exacerbated: 1.50, 1.36-1.65), exercising almost daily (prevalent: 0.83, 0.77-0.91; exacerbated: 0.80, 0.68-0.95), and participating in community activities often (prevalent: 0.83, 0.75-0.92; exacerbated: 0.76, 0.61-0.95).Conclusions: Prevalent and exacerbated musculoskeletal pain were inversely associated with exercising almost daily and participating in recreational or community activities sometimes or often, and positively associated with decreased income, current heavy drinking, and insomnia. Besides, the use of evacuation shelters or temporary housing/job loss was positively associated only with exacerbated musculoskeletal pain. These results suggest that post-disaster lifestyle factors are potentially associated with musculoskeletal pain. To achieve better post-disaster pain management, further studies are needed to confirm the consistency of these results in other disasters and to highlight the underlying causative mechanisms.
Assessing the Effects of Maternal HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes using Cross-sectional Data in Malawi
Authors: Twabi Halima Sumayya , Manda Samuel O , Small Dylan S
Published: April 2020

Background : Several studies have shown that maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and perinatal mortality. However, the association is conflicted with the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the pregnancy outcomes and it remains unexamined. Using methods for matching possible confounders, the objectives of the study were to assess the effect of maternal HIV on birth weight and perinatal mortality and to investigate the effect of ART on these two pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women.

Methods: Data on 4111 and 4759 children, born within five years of the 2010 and 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys (MDHS) respectively, whose mothers had an HIV test result, were analysed. A best balancing method was chosen from a set of covariate balance methods namely, the 1:1 nearest neighbour (NN) matching, matching on the propensity score (PS) and inverse weighting on the PS. HIV and ART data were only available in the MDHS 2010, permitting an assessment of the moderating effect of ART on the association between maternal HIV infection and birth weight and perinatal mortality.

Results: In 2010, maternal HIV infection was negatively associated with birth weight (-25.3g, 95% CI:(-95.5, -7.4)) and in 2015-16 it was positively associated with birth weight (116.3g, 95 % CI:(27.8, 204.7)). Perinatal mortality was higher in infants of HIV-infected mothers compared to infants of HIV-uninfected mothers (OR = 1.5, 95% CI:(1.1 - 3.1)) in 2010, while there was no difference in the rate in 2015-16 (OR = 1.0, 95% CI:(0.4, 1.6)). ART was not associated with birth weight, however, it was associated with perinatal mortality (OR=3.9, 95% CI:(1.1, 14.8)).

Conclusion: The study has found that maternal HIV infection had an adverse effect on birth weight and perinatal mortality in 2010. Birth weight was not dependent on ART uptake but perinatal mortality was higher among infants of HIV-infected mothers who were not on ART. The higher birth weight among HIV-infected mothers and similarity in perinatal mortality with HIV-uninfected mothers in 2015-16 may be indicative of successes of interventions within the PMTCT program in Malawi.
Premature aging of circulating T cells predicts all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Xiang Fangfang , Chen Rongyi , Cao Xuesen , Shen Bo , Chen Xiaohong , Ding Xiaoqiang , Zou Jianzhou
Published: April 2020

Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit a premature aging phenotype of immune system, which is recently concerned as a significant factor for increased risk of various morbidities. Nevertheless, there are few dates explicating the relevancy of T cell senescence to mortality. In this study, we prospectively studied the predictive value of T cell senescence for mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods Patients who had been on hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. T cell senescence determined by differentiation status was evaluated by flow cytometry. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic impact of T cell premature aging and other clinical factors on all-cause mortality. Results A total of 466 patients (277 man and 169 women) were enrolled in this study. Decreased number of naïve T cell, as the most prominent feature of T cell senescence, did not change in parallel with age in these patients. Decreased absolute count of T cell, naïve T cell, CD4 + naïve T cell were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Decreased percentage of T cell and increased percentage of CD8 + central-memory T cell were also independently associated with all-cause mortality. After including all the T cell parameters in one regression model, only decreased count of naïve T cell was significantly associated with increased mortality in these patients. Conclusions Aging-associated T cell changes are aggravated in ESRD patients. For the first time, our study demonstrates that naïve T cell depletion is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in HD patients.
Mortality at the Pediatric Emergency Unit of the Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital of Marrakech
Authors: Lahmini Widad , bourrous mounir
Published: April 2020

Background : The death of a child at the emergency ward is a real challenge. In our country the published data concerning the causes and the factors related to pediatric mortality especially in the pediatric emergency wards is very rare. This study aimed to determine the global rate of the pediatric mortality in the pediatric emergency departement (PED), to study its epidemiology and to identify its most frequent causes. Methods : It is a retrospective and descriptive study, over five years (1st january 2012 and 31st december 2016) including all children aged from 0 to 15 years old who died at the PED in the Mohamed VI Hospital in Marrakech. Results : During the period of the study a total of 172.691 patients were admitted, among which 628 died in the PED (global pediatric mortality rate : 3,63%). The masculine gender was predominant with a gender ratio of 1.59. Two-thirds of the patients died in the first 24 hours. The median of time from admission to death was around 12 hours. Majority of the deceased children (75%) were from a low socioeconomic status. The most frequent cause of admissions for deceased patients in the PED was respiratory distress (47%) followed by neurological disorders (11%). Neonatal mortality was predominant (75,1%), followed by postnatal mortality (11,6%). The most frequent causes of pediatric mortality, whatever the age range, were dominated by neonatal pathologies (62,3%), followed by infecious causes bronchopulmonary infections included (7,7%), birth deformities (7,3%) while traumas were merely (0,9%). The most frequent causes of neonatal mortality were prematurity (24,4%), neonatal infections (32,2%), perinatal asphyxia (15%) and neonatal respiratory distress (12,1%). Conclusion : Our data once again underline the crucial importance of prevention. This requires correct follow-up of the pregnancies, an adequate assistance of births, and perfecting healthcare provision to newborns in order to attain proper assistance.