bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significant Influence of the Boreal Summer Monsoon Flow on the Indian Ocean Response during Dipole Events
Authors: Krishnan R. , Swapna P.
Published: June 2009

A majority of positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events in the last 50 years were accompanied by enhanced summer monsoon circulation and above-normal precipitation over central-north India. Given that IODs peak during boreal autumn following the summer monsoon season, this study examines the role of the summer monsoon flow on the Indian Ocean (IO) response using a suite of ocean model experiments and supplementary data diagnostics. The present results indicate that, if the summer monsoon Hadley-type circulation strengthens during positive IOD events, then the strong off-equatorial southeasterly winds over the northern flanks of the intensified Australian high can effectively promote upwelling in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and amplify the zonal gradient of the IO heat content response. While it is noted that a strong monsoon cross-equatorial flow by itself may not generate a dipolelike response, a strengthening (weakening) of monsoon easterlies to the south of the equator during positive IOD events tends to reinforce (hinder) the zonal gradient of the upper-ocean heat content response. The findings show that an intensification of monsoonal winds during positive IOD periods produces nonlinear amplification of easterly wind stress anomalies to the south of the equator because of the nonlinear dependence of wind stress on wind speed. It is noted that such an off-equatorial intensification of easterlies over the SH enhances upwelling in the eastern IO off Sumatra–Java, and the thermocline shoaling provides a zonal pressure gradient, which drives anomalous eastward equatorial undercurrents (EUC) in the subsurface. Furthermore, the combination of positive IOD and stronger-than-normal monsoonal flow favors intensification of shallow transient meridional overturning circulation in the eastern IO and enhances the feed of cold subsurface off-equatorial waters to the EUC.
Arid geomorphology: emerging research themes and new frontiers
Authors: Tooth Stephen
Published: June 2009

Research conducted at the interfaces between traditionally disparate academic disciplines can provide fresh perspectives that catalyse novel research approaches and themes. With particular reference to publications from the last few years, this report focuses on a selection of emerging research themes that highlight the growing links between arid geomorphology and other disciplines, including ecology and soil science, sedimentology and petroleum geology, and planetary science. Three themes are addressed: (1) the role of fire in arid geomorphological systems, characterized by investigations that tend to focus on surface processes and landforms at relatively small spatial scales (plot to short channel reach) and short timescales (hours to years); (2) arid fluvial sedimentary systems, characterized by investigations that commonly focus on processes, landforms and sedimentary products at larger spatial scales (channel reach to basin) and longer timescales (years to millions of years); and (3) arid geomorphology on Mars, commonly characterized by process-landform investigations at very large spatial scales (entire physiographic regions to full planetary contexts) and yet longer timescales (millions to billions of years). For each theme, research gaps are identified, which provides an indication of where the research frontier currently lies. In particular, geomorphological research on Mars and other planetary bodies represents a new physical and intellectual frontier that offers great potential for further interplay with Earth landscape studies in arid and other climatic regions. While there are concerns about the present health and direction of geomorphology and physical geography, this rich diversity of themes provides evidence for vigorous and focused research in arid geomorphology.
Responding to the Complex and Gendered Needs of Refugee Women
Authors: Deacon Zermarie , Sullivan Cris
Published: June 2009

Refugee women’s experiences and needs are qualitatively different from those of men. However, women’s experiences have long been overlooked in favor of a male-centered paradigm that governs the response to survivors of warfare. To close this gap in science and practice, a needs assessment was conducted with 31 refugee women. The findings revealed the importance of considering the impact of refugee women’s sociodemographic characteristics on their experiences in resettlement and the significance of their need for basic resources. Meeting these needs may facilitate the resettlement process and ameliorate the gendered effects of resettlement on refugee women.
A New Era of Policing?
Authors: Stewart Daniel M. , Morris Robert G.
Published: June 2009

Many claims have been made about how the events of September 11 have thrust American policing into a new era, one wherein homeland security is the dominant strategy. To examine the validity of such claims, a sample of 208 Texas police chiefs is surveyed concerning their perceptions of homeland security as a strategy for local law enforcement. Factors that influence those perceptions are also examined. The findings reveal that, whereas the majority of chiefs felt that homeland security had become the dominant strategy of the police institution, few believed that homeland security had become the overriding strategy of their respective departments. Furthermore, regression analyses suggest that federal collaboration, preparedness, and threat perceptions were predictive of homeland security perceptions. Regarding department size, chiefs of very small departments are more likely to report homeland security as their dominant strategy in relation to chiefs of larger departments. Policy implications are discussed.
Where Are the Human Speech and Voice Regions, and Do Other Animals Have Anything Like Them?
Authors: Petkov Christopher I. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Obleser Jonas
Published: June 2009

Modern lesion and imaging work in humans has been clarifying which brain regions are involved in the processing of speech and language. Concurrently, some of this work has aimed to bridge the gap to the seemingly incompatible evidence for multiple brain-processing pathways that first accumulated in nonhuman primates. For instance, the idea of a posterior temporal-parietal “Wernicke’s” territory, which is thought to be instrumental for speech comprehension, conflicts with this region of the brain belonging to a spatial “where” pathway. At the same time a posterior speech-comprehension region ignores the anterior temporal lobe and its “what” pathway for evaluating the complex features of sensory input. Recent language models confirm that the posterior or dorsal stream has an important role in human communication, by a reconceptualization of the “where” into a “how-to” pathway with a connection to the motor system for speech comprehension. Others have tried to directly implicate the “what” pathway for speech comprehension, relying on the growing evidence in humans for anterior-temporal involvement in speech and voice processing. Coming full circle, we find that the recent imaging of vocalization and voice preferring regions in nonhuman primates allows us to make direct links to the human imaging data involving the anterior-temporal regions. The authors describe how comparison of the structure and function of the vocal communication system of humans and other animals is clarifying evolutionary relationships and the extent to which different species can model human brain function.
Communal Service Delivery
Authors: Dholakia Utpal M. , Blazevic Vera , Wiertz Caroline , Algesheimer René
Published: June 2009

Firm-hosted virtual peer-to-peer problem solving (P3) communities offer a low-cost, credible, and effective means of delivering education and ongoing assistance services to customers of complex, frequently evolving products. Building upon the social constructivist view on learning and drawing from literature on the firm-customer relationship in services marketing, we distinguish between functional and social benefits received by P3 community participants and study the central role of learning in influencing these benefit perceptions. The proposed model is tested on data gathered from 2,299 active members of a P3 community hosted by a global online auction firm, and the framework’s generalizability is demonstrated using a sample of 204 members of a global business-to-business (B2B) software firm’s P3 community. Based on the results, specific recommendations are provided to marketers interested in implementing service support programs via customer communities, and future research opportunities are explored.
The Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Structures Based on Metal Lattice Architectures
Authors: Shen Y. , Mckown S. , Tsopanos S. , Sutcliffe C.J. , Mines R.A.W. , Cantwell W.J.
Published: June 2009

A range of metallic lattice structures were manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) rapid prototyping technique. The lattices were based assemblies of repeating unit-cells with their strands oriented at 0°, ±45°, and 90° to the vertical when viewed from the front. Mechanical tests on the strands and the lattice blocks showed that these systems exhibit a high level of reproducibility in terms of their basic mechanical properties. An examination of the compression failure mechanisms showed that the [±45°] and [±45°, 90°] lattices failed in bending and stretching modes of failure, whereas the [0°, ±45°] lattices failed as a result of buckling of the vertical pillars. Sandwich structures were manufactured by binding woven carbon-fiber reinforced plastic to the lattice structures. Subsequent three-point bend tests on these structures identified the principal failure mechanisms under flexural loading conditions. Here, cell crushing, hinge rotation, and gross plastic deformation in the strands were observed directly under the point of loading. Low-velocity impact tests were conducted on the sandwich beams and a simple energy-balance model was used to understand how energy is absorbed by the sandwich structures. The model suggests that the majority of the incident energy of the projectile was absorbed in indentation effects, predominantly in the core material, directly under the steel indenter.
Pedometers as Measurement Tools and Motivational Devices: New Insights for Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Gardner Paula J. , Campagna Phil D.
Published: June 2009

Pedometers are increasingly used in physical activity research and health promotion initiatives. This pilot study examines the efficacy of pedometers as motivational tools for increasing daily physical activity and exploring the practical issues related to pedometer use in research and intervention studies. A mixed-method design is used to collect data on the level of activity and in-depth information about participants’ experiences wearing the pedometers. Participants are 10 midlife women between the ages of 45 and 64 (mean age = 52.9). Analysis indicates pedometers function as important motivational tools for increasing daily physical activity and improving the awareness of activity patterns for participants. Findings provide new insights into participants’ experiences using the pedometers and understanding how these devices function as research tools. Several important methodological considerations for future research and intervention designs using pedometers are discussed.
Cation ordering and phase transitions in feldspars along the join CaAl2Si2O8-SrAl2Si2O8: a TEM, IR and XRD investigation
Authors: Tribaudino M. , Zhang M. , Salje E. K. H.
Published: June 2009

Two feldspars of composition Ca0.3Sr0.7Al2Si2O8 (An30SrF70) and Ca0.6Sr0.4Al2Si2O8 (An60SrF40) were synthesized from gel and annealed at temperatures between 1150 and 1480ºC for durations between 0.025 (1.5 min) and 1073 h. The An60SrF40 feldspar is triclinic for all annealing temperatures, whereas the An30SrF70 possesses, at room temperature, a monoclinic symmetry, C2/m in the shortest annealing runs and I2/c after slightly longer heating, and becomes triclinic after prolonged annealing. A TTT plot for the triclinic–monclinic transition shows an activation energy of 101±12 kcal, less than, but still close to, that observed for Al-Si order in anorthite. TEM investigation shows antiphase domains and Carlsbad twins the size of which increases with annealing. IR spectroscopy was performed on a series of samples of An30SrF70, annealed at T = 1350ºC. The linewidth in hard mode is related to the spontaneous strain of the monoclinic–triclinic transition via . The evolution of the order parameter with time can be modelled as lnt, as predicted in order-disorder processes at intermediate degrees of order. It is shown that even after the longest annealing runs in An30SrF70, equilibrium was not obtained whereas, under the same conditions, equilibrium Al-Si order can be obtained in anorthite and Sr-feldspar.
Chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies metamorphic rocks and associated pegmatites of East Antarctica and South India
Authors: Belkin H. E. , Macdonald R. , Grew E. S.
Published: June 2009

Electron microprobe data are presented for chevkinite-group minerals from granulite-facies rocks and associated pegmatites of the Napier Complex and Mawson Station charnockite in East Antarctica and from the Eastern Ghats, South India. Their compositions conform to the general formula for this group, viz. A4BC2D2Si4O22where, in the analysed specimens A = (rare-earth elements (REE), Ca, Y, Th), B = Fe2+, Mg, C = (Al, Mg, Ti, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zr) andD= Ti and plot within the perrierite field of the total Fe (as FeO) (wt.%) vs. CaO (wt.%) discriminator diagram of Macdonald and Belkin (2002). In contrast to most chevkinite-group minerals, the A site shows unusual enrichment in the MREE and HREE relative to the LREE and Ca. In one sample from the Napier Complex, Y is the dominant cation among the total REE + Y in theAsite, the first reported case of Y-dominance in the chevkinite group. The minerals include the most Al-rich yet reported in the chevkinite group (≤9.15 wt.% Al2O3), sufficient to fill the C site in two samples. Conversely, the amount of Ti in these samples does not fill theDsite, and, thus, some of the Al could be making up the deficiency atD, a situation not previously reported in the chevkinite group. Fe abundances are low, requiring Mg to occupy up to 45% of theBsite. The chevkinite-group minerals analysed originated from three distinct parageneses: (1) pegmatites containing hornblende and orthopyroxene or garnet; (2) orthopyroxene-bearing gneiss and granulite; (3) highly aluminous paragneisses in which the associated minerals are relatively magnesian or aluminous. Chevkinite-group minerals from the first two parageneses have relatively high FeO content and low MgO and Al2O3contents; their compositions plot in the field for mafic and intermediate igneous rocks. In contrast, chevkinite-group minerals from the third paragenesis are notably more aluminous and have greater Mg/Fe ratios.
Eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from Eldfell volcano, Iceland
Authors: Balić-Žunic T. , Garavelli A. , Acquafredda P. , Leonardsen E. , Jakobsson S. P.
Published: June 2009

A new mineral, eldfellite, was found among fumarolic encrustations collected in 1990 on the Eldfell volcano, Heimaey Island, Iceland. Associated minerals are ralstonite, anhydrite, gypsum, bassanite, hematite, opal and tamarugite, as well as a presumably new mineral with the composition Na3Fe(SO4)3. Along with opal and tamarugite, eldfellite forms soft and fragile aggregates built of thin, platy crystals of micrometre size. The mineral is yellowish-green to greenish-white, with a white streak. The calculated density is 3.062 g/cm3. Eldfellite is monoclinic, C2/m, a 8.043(4) Å, b 5.139(2) Å, c 7.115(4) Å, β 92.13(2)º, Vuc 293.9(2) Å3, Z = 2 and is isostructural with yavapaiite[KFe (SO4)2]. The strongest lines in the powder diffraction diagram are [d (Å), I (relative to 10)]: 3.72, 8; 3.64, 5; 3.43, 5; 2.77, 10; 2.72, 6; 2.57, 3; 2.370, 6; 1.650, 3. Theche mical analysis and theX-ray diffraction data of eldfellite correspond to those of the synthetic compound NaFe(SO4)2.
The role of fractional crystallization and late-stage peralkaline melt segregation in the mineralogical evolution of Cenozoic nephelinites/phonolites from Saghro (SE Morocco)
Authors: Berger J. , Ennih N. , Mercier J.-C. C. , LiéGeois J.-P. , Demaiffe D.
Published: June 2009

The Saghro Cenozoic lavas form a bimodal suite of nephelinites (with carbonatite xenoliths) and phonolites emplaced in the Anti-Atlas belt of Morocco. Despite the paucity of samples with intermediate composition between the two main types of lava (only one phonotephrite flow is reported in this area), whole-rock major element modelling shows that the two main lithologies can be linked by fractional crystallization. The most primitive modelled cumulates are calcite-bearing olivine clinopyroxenites, whereas the final stages of differentiation are characterized by the formation of nepheline-syenite cumulates. This evolution trend is classically observed in plutonic alkaline massifs associated with carbonatites. Late-stage evolution is responsible for the crystallization of hainite- and delhayelite-bearing microdomains, for the transformation of aegirine-augite into aegirine (or augite into aegirine-augite), and for the crystallization of lorenzenite and a eudialyte-group mineral as replacement products of titanite. These phases were probably formed, either by crystallization from late residual peralkaline melts, or by reaction of pre-existing minerals with such melt, or hydrothermal peralkaline fluid.
Nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 disparity is a significant independent risk factor for mortality after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Crocchiolo Roberto , Zino Elisabetta , Vago Luca , Oneto Rosi , Bruno Barbara , Pollichieni Simona , Sacchi Nicoletta , Sormani Maria Pia , Marcon Jessica , Lamparelli Teresa , Fanin Renato , Garbarino Lucia , Miotti Valeria , Bandini Giuseppe , Bosi Alberto , Ciceri Fabio , Bacigalupo Andrea , Fleischhauer Katharina ,   for the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Cellule Staminale Ematopoietiche (CSE) e Terapia Cellulare, and the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry
Published: June 2009

The importance of donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DPB1 matching for the clinical outcome of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is controversial. We have previously described an algorithm for nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 disparities involving HLA-DPB1*0901,*1001,*1701,*0301,*1401,*4501, based on T-cell alloreactivity patterns. By revisiting the immunogenicity of HLA-DPB1*02, a modified algorithm was developed and retrospectively tested in 621 unrelated HSCTs facilitated through the Italian Registry for oncohematologic adult patients. The modified algorithm proved to be markedly more predictive of outcome than the original one, with significantly higher Kaplan-Meier probabilities of 2-year survival in permissive compared with nonpermissive transplantations (55% vs 39%, P = .005). This was the result of increased adjusted hazards of nonrelapse mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.74; confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.53; P = .004) but not of relapse (HR = 1.02; CI, 0.73-1.42; P = .92). The increase in the hazards of overall mortality by nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 disparity was similar in 10 of 10 (HR = 2.12; CI, 1.23-3.64; P = .006) and 9 of 10 allele-matched transplantations (HR = 2.21; CI, 1.28-3.80; P = .004), both in early-stage and in advanced-stage disease. These data call for revisiting current HLA matching strategies for unrelated HSCT, suggesting that searches should be directed up-front toward identification of HLA-DPB1 permissive, 10 of 10 or 9 of 10 matched donors.
Fibrinogen α and γ genes and factor VLeiden in children with thromboembolism: results from 2 family-based association studies
Authors: Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Weiler Hartmut , Hernandez Irene , Thedieck Sabine , Seehafer Tanja , Schulte Thomas , Stoll Monika
Published: June 2009

Previous case-control studies showed that genetic variation in the fibrinogen γ gene (FGG) increased the risk for deep vein thrombosis (VT) in adults. We investigated the association between the fibrinogen α (FGA) and FGG haplotypes, the factor VLeiden-mutation, and pediatric VT and thromboembolic stroke (TS) in 2 independent study samples. Association analysis revealed that the FGA-H1 and FGG-H2 haplotypes were significantly overtransmitted to VT patients (FGA-H1, P = .05; FGG: H2, P = .032). In contrast, the FGG-H3 haplotype was undertransmitted (P = .022). In an independent study sample, FGA-H1 (P = .008) and FGG-H2 (P = .05) were significantly associated with TS. The association of FGA and FGG haplotypes with VT was more pronounced in FVLeiden-negative families (FGA-H1, P = .001; FGG-H2, P = .001), indicating a genetic interaction between both risk factors. The risk-conferring FGG-H2 and the protective FGG-H3 haplotypes correlated with low (FGG-H2) and high (FGG-H3) levels of the γ′ chain variant, respectively. These results provide independent and novel evidence that FGA-H1 and FGG-H2 variants are associated with an increased risk of VT and TS in children. The observed negative correlation of genetic VT risk with the plasma levels of the fibrinogen γ′ variant suggests that FGG-H2 and -H3 haplotypes modify thrombosis risk by controlling the level of this FGG splice isoform.
Incentives and Stability in Large Two-Sided Matching Markets
Authors: Kojima Fuhito , Pathak Parag A
Published: June 2009

A number of labor markets and student placement systems can be modeled as many-to-one matching markets. We analyze the scope for manipulation in many-to-one matching markets under the student-optimal stable mechanism when the number of participants is large. Under some regularity conditions, we show that the fraction of participants with incentives to misrepresent their preferences when others are truthful approaches zero as the market becomes large. With an additional condition, truthful reporting by every participant is an approximate equilibrium under the student-optimal stable mechanism in large markets. (JEL C78)
Optimal Sticky Prices under Rational Inattention
Authors: Maćkowiak Bartosz , Wiederholt Mirko
Published: June 2009

This paper presents a model in which price setting firms decide what to pay attention to, subject to a constraint on information flow. When idiosyncratic conditions are more variable or more important than aggregate conditions, firms pay more attention to idiosyncratic conditions than to aggregate conditions. When we calibrate the model to match the large average absolute size of price changes observed in micro data, prices react fast and by large amounts to idiosyncratic shocks, but only slowly and by small amounts to nominal shocks. Nominal shocks have strong and persistent real effects. (JEL D21, D83, E31, E52)
Tricks with Hicks: The EASI Demand System
Authors: Lewbel Arthur , Pendakur Krishna
Published: June 2009

We invent Implicit Marshallian demands, which combine desirable features of Hicksian and Marshallian demands. We propose and estimate the Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) implicit Marshallian demand system. Like the Almost Ideal Demand (AID) system, EASI budget shares are linear in parameters given real expenditures. However, unlike the AID, EASI demands can have any rank and its Engel curves can have any shape over real expenditures. EASI error terms equal random utility parameters to account for unobserved preference heterogeneity. EASI demand functions can be estimated using GMM or three stage least squares, and, like AID, an approximate EASI model can be estimated by linear regression. (JEL D11, D12)
Evolution of Time Preferences and Attitudes toward Risk
Authors: Netzer Nick
Published: June 2009

This paper explores a general model of the evolution and adaption of hedonic utility. It is shown that optimal utility will be increasing strongly in regions where choices have to be made often and decision mistakes have a severe impact on fitness. Several applications are suggested. In the context of intertemporal preferences, the model offers an evolutionary explanation for the existence of conflicting short- and long-run interests that lead to dynamic inconsistency. Concerning attitudes toward risk, an evolutionary explanation is given for S-shaped value functions that adjust to the decision maker's environment. (JEL D81, D83)
The coset equivalence relation and topologies on subgroups
Authors: Solecki Slawomir
Published: June 2009

The paper studies the structure of the homogeneous space $G/H$, for
$G$ a Polish group and $H< G$ a Borel, not necessarily closed
subgroup of $G$, from the point of view of the theory of definable
equivalence relations. It makes a connection between the complexity
of the natural {\it coset equivalence relation} associated with
$G/H$ and {\it Polishability} of $H$, that is, the possibility of
introducing a Polish group topology on $H$ respecting its Borel
structure. In particular, it is proved that if $H$ is an Abelian
Borel subgroup of a Polish group $G$, then either $H$ is Polishable
or ${\Bbb E}_1$ continuously embeds into the coset equivalence
relation induced by $H$ on $G$. The same conclusion is shown to hold
if $H$ is an increasing union of a sequence of Polishable subgroups
of $G$.
Proper J-holomorphic discs in Stein domains of dimension 2
Authors: Coupet Bernard , Sukhov Alexandre , Tumanov Alexander
Published: June 2009

We prove the existence of global Bishop discs in a strictly pseudoconvex Stein domain in an almost complex manifold of complex dimension 2.
A Madman at the Funeral of the Past: An Examination of Noctes Atticae 18.7
Authors: Hogan Patrick Paul
Published: June 2009

A close reading of Domitius Insanus' encounter with Favorinus and Gellius at Noctes Atticae 18.7 shows that he was not merely a contentious grammarian or a crypto-Cynic academic but a dissatisfied member of the intellectual milieu of the High Empire and a colleague of these two litterateurs. His metaphor of the funeral of the past provides a wry comment on the contemporary conceit of the learned banquet and on the literary world of Gellius and Favorinus, and it exposes fundamental anxieties about the literary pursuits of his contemporaries in the Second Sophistic.
Revenge of the Nerds: Xenophanes, Euripides, and Socrates vs. Olympic Victors
Authors: Harris John P.
Published: June 2009

Xenophanes (fr. 2) and Euripides (fr. 282) disapprove of the pan-Hellenic custom of granting athletes conspicuous honors, and Xenophanes in particular, with that of publicly funded meals. Both contrast the uselessness of athletes with the civic contributions of σοφοί. Socrates echoes these sentiments in his counter-proposal that he is much more deserving of σίτησιϚ ἐν πρυτανείῳ than any Olympic athlete (Pl. Ap. 36b3-37a2). I suggest that Socrates deliberately evokes this topos , but does so with a twist: whereas the earlier passages base their claim to honors on σοφία, Socrates deliberately deprives σοφία of its popular meaning, imbuing it with a much more humble and Delphic connotation, thereby making his proposal all the more outrageous.
Sexual Difference in Aristotle's Politics and His Biology
Authors: Deslauriers Marguerite
Published: June 2009

The argument of this paper is that Aristotle's claims about sexual difference in his biological works and in the Politics are not directly linked. First, I consider the claims that are foundational to Aristotle's views about sexual difference, in the biological treatises and in the Politics . Second, I consider the possibility that Aristotle believed that the connection between biological and political sexual differences lies in a material requirement that reproduction and political life share: body temperature. I argue against this possibility, and conclude that, in Aristotle's view, political sexual differences emerge from the social roles assigned to men and women.
The Paradox of "Natural "Heterosexuality with "Unnatural" Women
Authors: Hubbard Thomas K.
Published: June 2009

This essay examines the debates between advocates of heterosexual and pederastic love in Plutarch's Amatorius , Achilles Tatius 2.33–38, and the Lucianic Erotes . The heterosexual side condemns pederasts for "unnatural" practices, drawing on Platonic and Stoic precedents. I shall demonstrate that the opposition between "natural" heterosexuality and "unnatural" homosexuality predated even Plato, with its roots in the physis vs. nomos opposition of the Sophists. For their part, the pederasts portray the heterosexual obsession with "nature" as bestial, and present their own preference as a mark of advanced cultural evolution, drawing upon a strain of Greek anthropological theory.
Cosmetics and Sôphrosunê : Ischomachos' Wife in Xenophon's Oikonomikos
Authors: Glazebrook Allison
Published: June 2009

This paper considers the section on cosmetics in Xenophon's Oikonomikos (10.1–13) within the context of actual cosmetic use in Greece and the motif of female adornment in Archaic poetry. Rather than being out of place in a treatise on estate management, I argue that the wife's agreement to refrain from cosmetics is central to Ischomachos' presentation of her as a new kind of woman: a manager of the household, rather than a strain upon it. Xenophon's text reconsiders the stereotype of wives as idle, unproductive, and deceptive, making them instead active, productive, trustworthy, and effective partners of good household management.
Latin Teacher Training Initiatives at the University of Maryland, College Park
Authors: Hallett Judith P , Doherty Lillian E.
Published: June 2009

This discussion of the Latin teacher training initiatives at a large, public state university focuses upon some of the challenges posed by working with both undergraduates and M.A. students to prepare them for the K–12 classroom, in the context of a small classics department with large responsibilities to the university's general education program. In addition to providing information about the department's Latin pedagogy and other workshops which offer in-service certification credits for continuing professional development experience from the state department of education, it also describes the training received by full-time funded M.A. candidates who serve as teaching assistants in our introductory mythology course.
The Lay of the Land in Ovid's "Perseid" ( Met. 4.610–5.249)
Authors: Keith A. M.
Published: June 2009

This paper explores Ovid's elaboration of the metaphor that associates the female body with the earth in a series of tales at the end of Metamorphoses 4, in which women and landscape are closely linked. I argue that Ovid documents in his Perseus narrative not only woman's "natural" function as plot-space, the ease with which she is assimilated to the topography of epic action, but also the correlation between the male gaze and masculine subjectivity, which come together in the visual objectification of women (Medusa, Andromeda) and landscape (Libya) to confirm the superiority of male over female.
Latin Teacher Certification: Training Future Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Ancona Ronnie
Published: June 2009

This article outlines why one might want to get certified to teach Latin at the secondary school level as well as the steps involved in the certification process. Its intended audience includes current secondary school teachers, prospective ones, and those individuals involved directly or indirectly in the professional and/or academic training of current or future Latin teachers. The author draws upon her experience directing the M.A. program in Latin Adolescent Education at Hunter College in New York City.
Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poison
Authors: Olson Kelly
Published: June 2009

Mention of ancient makeup, allusions to its associations, and its connection to female beauty are scattered throughout Latin literature. It may seem a minor, even unimportant concern, but nonetheless one from which we may recover aspects of women's historical experience and knowledge of women as cultural actors. The present study is concerned solely with cosmetics and what impact they may have had on women's realities and on perceptions of women. Although the evidence I collect and present here is mainly literary, evidence of material remains is given where possible. This study is intended as a detailed look at cosmetic substance.
Better than Magic: Cornelius Agrippa and Lazzarellian Hermetism
Authors: Hanegraaff Wouter J.
Published: June 2009

Hermetism's influence on early modern magic has frequently been challenged since the pioneering work of Frances
Yates. This article argues that hermetic ideas did exert significant influence over early modern magical systems,
particularly through the figure of Cornelius Agrippa. Rather than borrowing from hermetism's approach to magic,
however, Agrippa was influenced by certain hermetic ideas of gnosis.
Remaking Magic: The “Wizard of the North” and Contested Magical Mentalities in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Magic Show
Authors: Bell Karl
Published: June 2009

John Henry Anderson, the "Wizard of the North," was one of the most successful stage magicians of the nineteeth
century. The article examines who magic shows engaged with the emerging consensus of technological modernity
while simultaneously helping to maintain faith in traditional magical authenticity, helping to complexify notions of
European disenchantment in the nineteenth century.
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Validate the Theory of Planned Behavior as a Model for Predicting Student Cheating
Authors: Mayhew Matthew J. , Hubbard Steven M. , Finelli Cynthia J. , Harding Trevor S. , Carpenter Donald D.
Published: June 2009

The purpose of this paper is to validate the use of a modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for predicting undergraduate student cheating. Specifically, we administered a survey assessing how the TPB relates to cheating along with a measure of moral reasoning (DIT- 2) to 527 undergraduate students across three institutions; and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. Results confirmed using the modified TPB as a model for predicting student cheating and the importance of understanding how cheating varies for students in different periods of moral reasoning development, namely moral consolidation and moral transition.
Merit and Competition in Selective College Admissions
Authors: Killgore Leslie
Published: June 2009

Using interview data from 34 admissions officers at 17 elite colleges, this paper compares two perspectives shaping admissions policy. Admissions officers apply a “merit” perspective that relies on indicators of student academic and nonacademic achievement. They also employ a “competition” perspective that evaluates student characteristics according to organizational needs. Findings include (a) elite colleges’ maintenance of an illusion that student achievement determines admissions, and (b) that admissions practices are designed to maintain the colleges’ elite status.
Practicing What I Teach: Does a Career as a Higher Education Professor Inform My Work as a Dean?
Authors: Eisenmann Linda
Published: June 2009

In this 2008 ASHE presidential address, Linda Eisenmann explores connections between research and practice by using her own situation as a long-term professor of higher education now serving as a university dean. Eisenmann shows how her scholarly specialty as a historian of education helps her understand shifts in the student body, curriculum growth, and the context for institutional change. She then examines how her background as a higher education generalist guides her work with faculty. Using the example of a revised first-year seminar program, she explores campus change using several conceptual ideas from higher education literature.
The Influence of Aggregate Interaction and Aging Procedure on Bitumen Aging
Authors: Wu Jiantao , Airey Gordon
Published: June 2009

Bitumen, like many other organic substances, is affected by the presence of oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and by changes in temperature. These external influences result in the phenomenon known as “aging” and cause changes in the chemical composition and therefore the rheological and mechanical properties of the bitumen. Aging is primarily associated with the loss of volatile components and oxidation of the bitumen during asphalt mixture production (short-term aging) and progressive oxidation of the in-place material in the field (long-term aging). Both factors cause an increase in viscosity (or stiffness) of the bitumen and consequential stiffening of the asphalt mixture. Aging at moderate levels is generally accepted and can even enhance performance, but at significant levels results in embrittlement of the bitumen, significantly affecting its adhesive characteristics and usually resulting in reduced cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture under repeated loading. It has long been recognized that the characteristics of bitumens are affected by the mineral aggregate with which they come into contact and that age hardening is influenced by both the bitumen and the mineral aggregate as reported by Bell and Sosnovske in 1994. This paper investigates the influence of aggregate type and aging procedure on the rheological and chemical fractional properties of aged bitumen. Asphalt mixtures comprising limestone or granite aggregate have been artificially aged in the laboratory and the rheological properties and chemical composition of the recovered bitumen from the mixtures determined after different durations of aging. In addition, the influence of bulk aging versus thin film aging has been assessed on the same bitumen aged in the presence of aggregate.
Performance of Composite Modified Asphalt with Trinidad Lake Asphalt used as Waterproofing Material for Bridge Deck Pavement
Authors: Cao Wei-Dong , Yao Zhan-Yong , Liu Shu-tang , Cui Xin-Zhuang
Published: June 2009

Performance of composite modified asphalt with Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) used as waterproofing material for bridge deck pavement was studied through the shear test, pull-out test, and water permeability test. The results showed that shear strength at 20°C of composite modified asphalt with TLA was affected by the material dosage and the optimum dosage was 1.2 kg/m2. Shear strength at 20°C of composite modified asphalt with TLA increased with the increase of TLA content and then decreased with the further increase of TLA content. However, the shear strength at 50°C shows different results. Based on shear strength at 20°C, the optimum TLA content was 20 % by total weight of composite modified asphalt. Bond strength at 20°C of composite modified asphalt with TLA was very close to that of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt but the bond strength at 50°C of composite-modified asphalt with TLA was 47 % higher than that of SBS modified asphalt. Both composite modified asphalts with TLA and with SBS modified asphalt met the impermeability requirement. Composite modified asphalt with TLA could be used as waterproofing material for bridge deck pavement for better performance.
Testosterone treatment of ovariectomized rats: Effects on lipolysis regulation in adipocytes
Authors: De Pergola Giovanni , Holmäng Agneta , Svedberg Jan , Giorgino Riccardo , Björntorp Per
Published: June 2009

The effects of testosterone treatment (2 mg every 14 days, for three months) on adipocyte lipolysis of intact (250-300 g body weight) and ovariectomized female rats were studied. Testosterone treatment of intact rats had no effect. Ovariectomy was followed by an increase in fat cell size and a decrease of lipolysis stimulated by isoproterenol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, forskolin, cAMP and isobutylmethylxantine. The number of βadrenergic receptors was reduced. There was, however, no change in the antilipolytic effects of UK 14,304 (alpha2-adrenergic agonist), nicotinic acid, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine or insulin. Testosterone treatment of ovariectomized rats restored the number of β-adrenoceptors and lipolysis stimulated by cAMP and isobutylmethylxantine, but not lipolysis stimulated by catecholamines and forskolin, suggesting a remaining defect in the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase. These results indicate that ovariectomy is followed by a profound derangement of the lipolytic pathway at several levels, from β-adrenoceptors number to the triglyceride lipase activity. This is partially restored by treatment with testosterone, which, however, has no effect on intact female rats. This study emphasizes the importance of ovarian integrity for the lipolytic regulation and the inability of testosterone to replace ovarian function in this regard or to affect lipolysis in intact female rats.
Early changes in thyroid hormone metabolism in the heart, liver, and brown adipose tissue during the induction of low T3 syndrome in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Authors: Gøtzsche Liv S. Bjørn-Hansen , Gøtzsche Ole , Flyvbjerg Allan , Boye Niels
Published: June 2009

In order to elucidate the day-by-day development of low T3 syndrome, we made rats diabetic by an injection of streptozotocin. Untreated controls killed at day 0 and rats treated for 8 days with insulin after they had received streptozotocin served as controls. Subgroups of animals were killed 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 days after streptozotocin. In serum, heart and liver, T3 was depressed to less than 50% of controls at day 4, whereas the insulin-treated rats differed from controls only as to heart T3. Heart iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity was depressed to a minimum at day 3 and depression was not prevented by insulin. Liver iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity had not reached a minimum at day 8, and again, insulin treatment did not normalize this parameter. T3 contents and iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in brown adipose tissue did not differ from values in controls at any point of time. Thus, in the rats with low T3 syndrome induced by streptozotocin-diabetes, a lowered iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity is not fully inhibited by insulin treatment, whereas the T3 content in the liver is re-established during an observation period of 8 days. A direct toxic effect of streptozotocin seems unlikely as an in vitro study showed no influenze of streptozotocin on iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in the liver. The study thus indicates that iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in the heart and liver is depressed in experimental diabetes, despite near optimal regulation of blood glucose, and we suggest that lowered intracellular T3 production could, after some time, result in a hypothyroid state in different tissues.
Effect of thalidomide on the incidence of iodine-induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat
Authors: Lueprasitsakul Wasana , Abend Susan , Alex Sharon , Reinhardt Walter , Appel Michael C. , Braverman Lewis E.
Published: June 2009

Thalidomide, a derivative of glutamic acid, has immunosuppressive effects and suppresses graft-vs-host disease in the rat and following bone marrow transplantation in man. It is effectively used in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and has a potential therapeutic effect in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In view of these observations, we evaluated the effect of thalidomide on the incidence of spontaneous and iodine-induced lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. Thalidomide did not suppress the incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or affect the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and TSH in this rat model. Thalidomide also did not affect the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In contrast to preliminary studies in man and rat demonstrating efficacy in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, thalidomide did not prevent or suppress autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat.
A case of transient hypothyroidism: Sequential serum measurements of autoantibodies inhibiting thyrotropin-stimulated thyroid cAMP production in a neonate
Authors: Rakover Y. , Sadeh O. , Sobel E. , Shneyour A. , Kraiem Z.
Published: June 2009

Transient neonatal hypothyroidism has been observed in three successive offspring of a mother with autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroxine replacement therapy was initiated in a 23-year-old woman with overt clinical and laboratory findings of non-goitrous primary hypothyroidism. While on such treatment, she gave birth to three infants manifesting hypothyroidism immediately after birth. The neonates were treated with thyroxine replacement therapy which was discontinued in the three siblings at ages 2½ years, 3½ years, and 13 months. Continuous observation following cessation of therapy revealed clinical and biochemical euthyroidism in the children. Thyroid scanning during the neonatal period in the first child failed to identify functional thyroid tissue, suggesting thyroid agenesis, whereas thyroid scan performed on subsequent follow-up revealed a normal gland. Sequential serum measurements of autoantibodies directed towards the thyrotropin receptor were made in the mother and third child by a cAMP bioassay. High titres (five-six fold above normal) of blocking antibodies (tested by measuring the inhibition of TSH-stimulated cAMP production of cultured human thyroid cells by serum immunoglobulin preparations) were present in the mother and newborn 10 days after birth. The levels remained persistently high in the mother, whereas they declined and were undetectable in the child at four months. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was absent in both mother and child. The data are compatible with transient neonatal hypothyroidism caused by transplacental transfer of antibodies which block thyroid response to TSH. The half-life of the maternally-derived blocking antibody in the infant was estimated as 1-2 months. This is the first report on sequential serum measurements and estimate of half-life of the blocking antibodies performed by a cAMP bioassay (using thyroid cells of human origin). Unlike the radioreceptor assay employed so far in such cases, this assay can distinguish between stimulating and blocking TSH receptor antibodies.
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin may modulate hepatic IGF-I production in calves
Authors: Coxam Véronique , Davicco Marie-Jeanne , Durand Denis , Bauchart Dominique , Barlet Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2009

Four young milk-fed calves were fitted with catheters chronically implanted in the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins and in the hepatic artery, and with electromagnetic blood flow probes in the portal vein and hepatic artery, allowing continuous measurement of IGF-I hepatic production. According to a latin square design, these calves received iv mesenteric infusion of calcium (Ca2+; 5 mg/kg) or synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT; 1 μg/kg), or synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) (bPTH; 1 μg/kg), or solvent alone (1.2 ml/kg). Ca2+, sCT or bPTH had no significant effect on portal vein or hepatic artery blood flow. Hypercalcemia observed following Ca2+ infusion did not significantly modify hepatic IGF-I production. sCT decreased plasma Ca2+, inorganic phosphorus and GH concentrations and hepatic IGF-I production. bPTH induced a slight hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. It had no significant effect on plasma GH concentration, but increased significantly hepatic IGF-I production. Thus, the anabolic effects of PTH on bone may be partly mediated through an increase in hepatic IGF-I production.