bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selección sostenible de sitios residenciales: desarrollo de una matriz de indicadores integrando LEED, Jan Gehl, Hernández y Velásquez
Authors: Cajamarca Dacto Karina Elizabeth , González Espinosa Maikol Josueé , Morales González Janeth Alexandra , Nieto Páez Erick Fabricio
Published: February 2024

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un concepto multifacético que está vinculada con nociones como el nivel de vida, la felicidad y el bienestar. Surgió en el siglo XVII en Inglaterra, previo a la revolución industrial, y desde entonces ha sido objeto de diversas definiciones. Abarca aspectos subjetivos y espaciales, relacionándose con la excelencia en la provisión de bienes y servicios para satisfacer necesidades humanas. Sin embargo, en entornos urbanos, surgen desafíos como la falta de accesibilidad y viviendas insostenibles. Objetivo: Implementar métodos adaptados al contexto para recopilar y analizar datos sobre calidad de vida urbana y arquitectónica, con herramientas interdisciplinarias y criterios de sostenibilidad, buscando desarrollar una matriz de indicadores. Metodología: La metodología cualitativa combina revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva para identificar indicadores urbanísticos y de sostenibilidad. Se emplea un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional, con una matriz sintético-deductiva, basada en los lineamientos de Gehl y Hernández, para seleccionar sitios de vivienda que mejoren la calidad de vida. Resultados: El análisis de indicadores de calidad de vida propuestos por LEED, Gehl, Hernández & Velásquez guía la creación de una matriz para elegir sitios residenciales sostenibles. Considerando aspectos como habitabilidad, seguridad y sostenibilidad urbana, se desarrollarán indicadores para evaluar calidad de vida urbana, complementaria y arquitectónica. Basándose en estas bases, el estudio se dirige hacia la consideración de los siguientes elementos: a) calidad de vida urbana; b) calidad de vida complementaria; y c) calidad de vida arquitectónica relacionados con la arquitectura. Conclusión: La investigación destaca la importancia de un enfoque interdisciplinario para evaluar la calidad de vida urbana. Desarrollar una matriz de indicadores para la selección sostenible de sitios residenciales promueve entornos habitables y sostenibles, con potencial para influir en políticas urbanas y académicas. Área de estudio general: Arquitectura Área de estudio específica:  Urbanismo
Intervención de enfermería en el periodo posoperatorio de paciente sometida a histerectomía abdominal total
Authors: Palacios Gómez Nancy Liliana
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Identificar las respuestas humanas de la paciente posoperada de histerectomía abdominal total (HAT) y desarrollar intervenciones de enfermería oportunas. Caso clínico: Adulta mayor de 61 años, posoperada de HAT, ingresa al servicio procedente de la Unidad de Recuperación Postanestésica (URPA). Despierta al llamado, confusa, bajo efectos de anestésicos, evidenciado por expresiones verbales, faciales y motoras de dolor, escala de EVA 7/10, piel y mucosas tibias, moderadamente pálidas, mucosa oral semiseca, presencia de herida operatoria sellada, fuerza muscular disminuida en extremidades, movilidad incrementada al dolor, portadora de sonda vesical permeable con diuresis colúrica y volumen disminuido, según reporte intraoperatorio, con pérdida sanguínea de 300 ml. Signos vitales: frecuencia respiratoria de 22 x minuto, frecuencia cardiaca de 102 x minuto, presión arterial de 90/50 mmHg, saturación de oxígeno de 95 %. Métodos: Se empleó el método de estudio de caso de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en un hospital nacional en el mes de mayo, utilizando el marco teórico de valoración de Marjory Gordon y las taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC. Resultados: Se logró la recuperación progresiva de la paciente, se mejora el déficit de volumen de líquidos, disminuye el dolor y se previene las caídas. Conclusiones: Las actividades planteadas en el primer diagnóstico se cumplieron en un 85 % y el restante se continuó en los siguientes turnos. En el segundo y en el tercer diagnóstico, se ejecutaron el 100 % de las actividades propuestas. Por lo tanto, las complicaciones posopertatorias se pueden manejar con los cuidados pertinentes y adecuados del profesional de enfermería.
Serotype distribution, virulence and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Volta, Ghana
Authors: Duodu S , Ayiku ANA , Adelani AA , Daah DA , Amoako EK , Jansen MD , Cudjoe KS
Published: February 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae infection is one of the major factors limiting the expansion of tilapia farming globally. In this study, we investigated the serotype distribution, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. agalactiae isolates from tilapia farmed in Lake Volta, Ghana. Isolates from 300 moribund fish were characterised by Gram staining, MALDI-TOF/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Serotype identification was based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the capsular polysaccharide genes. Detection of virulence genes (cfb, fbsA and cspA) and histopathology were used to infer the pathogenicity of the isolates. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. All 32 isolates identified as S. agalactiae were of serotype Ia. This was notably different from isolates previously collected from the farms in 2017, which belonged to serotype Ib, suggesting a possible serotype replacement. The prevalence of the pathogen was related to the scale of farm operation, with large-scale farms showing higher S. agalactiae positivity. Data from histopathological analysis and PCR amplification of targeted virulence genes confirmed the virulence potential and ability of the isolates to cause systemic infection in tilapia. Except for gentamicin, the majority of the isolates were less resistant to the tested antibiotics. All isolates were fully sensitive to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. This study has improved our understanding of the specific S. agalactiae serotypes circulating in Lake Volta and demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring to guide the use of antimicrobials and vaccines against streptococcal infections in Ghanaian aquaculture systems.
From feed to fork: immunity, performance and quality of products from farm animals fed sugarcane products
Authors: Edirisinghe Nee , Flavel Matthew , Pouniotis Dodie , Zakaria Rosita , Lim Kosta Fremielle , Dias Daniel Anthony
Published: February 2024

Sugarcane extracts have generated a growing interest due to their potential applications that extend beyond conventional sugar and ethanol production. These by-products, along with sugarcane extracts offer valuable nutrients and compounds that can be utilized in animal feed supplementation, aiming to improve immunity and growth performance, and the quality of animal-derived products consumed by humans. The immune-boosting properties of sugarcane supplementation have been documented through several studies highlighting enhanced cytotoxicity, increased phagocytic capacity, and modulation of immune cells and cytokine production. Abundant in polyphenols and bioactive compounds, sugarcane products are believed to contribute to these immunological effects. However, further research is required to unravel the specific mechanisms underlying these actions. Supplementing sugarcane by-products in animal feed has shown promising results of improved growth rates and weight gains in various animal species. Sugarcane supplementation positively influences animal performance by optimizing nutrient intake and utilization, enhancing feed conversion efficiency, and promoting healthy growth. Moreover, sugarcane supplementation has been associated with improved meat tenderness and overall quality in animal-derived products. To optimize the utilization of sugarcane products, future research will need to focus on determining optimal inclusion quantities and product or extract combinations, identifying specific compound classes, and balancing nutritional profiles in animal feed formulations. Additionally, studies should focus on evaluating long-term effects on animal health and subsequent product quality, and explore the environmental sustainability of sugarcane product supplementation in feed. This mini-review explores the impact of sugarcane product supplementation on swine, poultry, aquaculture species and ruminants, focusing on its effects on immunity, growth performance, and product quality.
Synthesis of green zinc‐oxide nanoparticles and its dose‐dependent beneficial effect on spermatozoa during preservation: sperm functional integrity, fertility and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lyngdoh Meiaishan Eliezer , Chettri Jyoti , Kharchandy Vivian F. , Sheel Rishav , Choudhury Arnab Roy , Sarkar Biplab , Pattanayak Arunava , Deori Sourabh , Abedin Sayed Nabil , Kadirvel G.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The development of an effective extender is important for semen preservation and the artificial insemination (AI) industry. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as an additive to semen extenders to improve semen quality, fertility, and antibacterial activity during liquid preservation in a boar model.

Methods: Initially, to find out the safe concentration of ZnO-NPs in sperm cells, a wide range of ZnO-NP concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) were co-incubated with sperm at 37°C for a cytotoxic study. These NP concentrations were compared to their salt control zinc acetate (ZA) at the same concentrations and to a control group. The effect of the different concentrations of ZnO-NPs on sperm motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis was assessed. Accordingly, the non-toxic dose was selected and supplemented in MODENA extender to determine its beneficial effect on the boar semen parameters mentioned and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels during liquid preservation at 16°C for 6 days. The non-cytotoxic dosage was subsequently chosen for AI, fertility investigations, and the evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO-NPs during preservation hours. An antibacterial study of ZnO-NPs and its salt control at doses of 10 μM and 50 μM was carried out by the colony forming unit (CFU) method.

Results and discussion: The cytotoxic study revealed that 5, 10, and 50 μM of ZnO-NPs are safe. Consequently, semen preserved in the MODENA extender, incorporating the non-toxic dose, exhibited 10 and 50 μM ZnO-NPs as the optimal concentrations for beneficial outcomes during liquid preservation at 16°C. ZnO-NPs of 10 μM concentration resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) improved conception rate of 86.95% compared to the control of 73.13%. ZnO-NPs of 10 and 50 μM concentrations exhibit potent antimicrobial action by reducing the number of colonies formed with days of preservation in comparison to the negative control. The investigation concluded that the incorporation of 10 μM ZnO-NPs led to enhancements in sperm motility, membrane integrity, and MMP, attributed to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This improvement was accompanied by a concurrent increase in fertility rates, including farrowing rate and litter size, during the liquid preservation process. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibited an antimicrobial effect, resulting in decreased bacterial growth while preserving boar semen at 16°C for 6 days. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs could serve as a viable alternative to antibiotics, potentially mitigating antibiotic resistance concerns within the food chain.
Biomechanical evaluation of a new intramedullary nail compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation and InterTAN for the management of femoral intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Wang ChaoFeng , Duan Ning , Li Zhong , Ma Teng , Zhang Kun , Wang Qian , Huang Qiang
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Surgical treatment is the main treatment method for femoral intertrochanteric fractures (FIFs), however, there are lots of implant-related complications after surgery. Our team designed a new intramedullary nail (NIN) to manage such fractures. The purpose of this study was to introduce this new implant and compare it with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTAN for treating FIFs.

Methods: An AO/OTA 31-A1.3 FIF model was built and three fixation models were created via finite element method, comprising PFNA, InterTAN, and the NIN. Vertical, anteroposterior (A-P) bending, and torsional loads were simulated and applied to the three fixation models. Displacement and stress distribution were monitored. In order to compare PFNA and the NIN deeply, finite element testing was repeated for five times in vertical load case.

Results: The finite element analysis (FEA) data indicated that the NIN possessed the most outstanding mechanical properties among the three fixation models. The NIN model had lower maximal stress at implants compared to PFNA and InterTAN models under three load conditions. The trend of maximal stress at bones was similar to that of maximal stress at implants. Besides, the NIN model showed smaller maximal displacement compared with PFNA and InterTAN models under vertical, A-P bending, and torsional load cases. The trend for maximal displacement of fracture surface (MDFS) was almost identical with that of maximal displacement. In addition, there was significant difference between the PFNA and NIN groups in vertical load case (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Compared with PFNA and InterTAN, the NIN displayed the best mechanical properties for managing FIFs, including the lowest von Mises stress at implants and bones, and the smallest maximal displacement and MDFS under vertical, A-P bending, and torsional load cases. Therefore, this study might provide a new choice for patients with FIFs.
The genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases in the next-generation sequencing era: a Portuguese cohort study
Authors: Nogueira C. , Pereira C. , Silva L. , Laranjeira Mateus , Lopes A. , Neiva R. , Rodrigues E. , Campos T. , Martins E. , Bandeira A. , Coelho M. , Magalhães M. , Damásio J. , Gaspar A. , Janeiro P , Gomes A. Levy , Ferreira A. C. , Jacinto S. , Vieira J. P. , Diogo L. , Santos H. , Mendonça C. , Vilarinho L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Rare disorders that are genetically and clinically heterogeneous, such as mitochondrial diseases (MDs), have a challenging diagnosis. Nuclear genes codify most proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, despite all mitochondria having their own DNA. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the understanding of many genes involved in the pathogenesis of MDs. In this new genetic era, using the NGS approach, we aimed to identify the genetic etiology for a suspected MD in a cohort of 450 Portuguese patients.

Methods: We examined 450 patients using a combined NGS strategy, starting with the analysis of a targeted mitochondrial panel of 213 nuclear genes, and then proceeding to analyze the whole mitochondrial DNA.

Results and Discussion: In this study, we identified disease-related variants in 134 (30%) analyzed patients, 88 with nuclear DNA (nDNA) and 46 with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants, most of them being pediatric patients (66%), of which 77% were identified in nDNA and 23% in mtDNA. The molecular analysis of this cohort revealed 72 already described pathogenic and 20 novel, probably pathogenic, variants, as well as 62 variants of unknown significance. For this cohort of patients with suspected MDs, the use of a customized gene panel provided a molecular diagnosis in a timely and cost-effective manner. Patients who cannot be diagnosed after this initial approach will be further selected for whole-exome sequencing.

Conclusion: As a national laboratory for the study and research of MDs, we demonstrated the power of NGS to achieve a molecular etiology, expanding the mutational spectrum and proposing accurate genetic counseling in this group of heterogeneous diseases without therapeutic options.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using a novel counter-rotating disc reactor
Authors: Ghasemi Amir Hossein , Zoqi Mohamad Javad , Zanganeh Ranjbar Payam
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This research introduces an innovative photocatalytic reactor designed to address challenges in wastewater treatment, with a focus on enhancing dye degradation and reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

Methods: The reactor is designed with counter-rotational movements of discs to enhance hydrodynamics and mass transfer, along with a 3D-printed, interchangeable component system to boost efficacy. TiO2 nanoparticles, composed of 80% anatase and 20% rutile, are thermally immobilized on glass discs. The effectiveness of various treatment variables was assessed through a Central Composite Design (CCD), guided by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model.

Results: The RSM analysis reveals that the linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of the counter-rotational movements significantly influence the efficiency of dye and COD removal. The RSM model yields coefficients of determination (R2) values of 0.9758 and 0.9765 for the predictive models of dye and COD removal, respectively. Optimized parameters for dye removal include a pH of 6.05, disc rotation speed of 22.35 rpm, initial dye concentration of 3.15 × 10−5 M, residence time of 7.98 h, and the number of nanoparticle layers set at 3.99, resulting in 96.63% dye removal and 65.81% COD removal under optimal conditions.

Discussion: Notably, the reactor demonstrates potential for efficient treatment within a near-neutral pH range, which could reduce costs and resource use by eliminating the need for pH adjustments. The implementation of discs rotating in opposite directions marks a significant advancement in the process of dye removal.
Marmosets as models of infectious diseases
Authors: Herron Ian C. T. , Laws Thomas R. , Nelson Michelle
Published: February 2024

Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
Educating on spatial skills using a paper-folding-and-punched-hole videogame: gameplay data analysis
Authors: Garcia-Segarra Pablo , Santamarta Vicent , Falomir Zoe
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Paper folding and punched hole tests are used to measure spatial abilities in humans. These abilities are relevant since they are associated with success in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). This study addresses the challenge of teaching spatial reasoning skills using an educational videogame, the Paper Folding Reasoning Game.

Methods

The Paper Folding Reasoning Game is an interactive game which presents activities intended to help users train and understand how to fold a paper to get a specific shape (Part I) and the consequence of punching a hole on a folded paper (Part II). This educational videogame can automatically generate paper-folding-and-punched-hole questions with varying degrees of difficulty depending on the number of folds and holes made, thus producing additional levels for training due to its embedded reasoning mechanisms (Part III).

Results

This manuscript presents the results of analyzing the gameplay data gathered by the Paper Folding Reasoning Game in its three parts. For Parts I and II, the data provided by 225 anonymous unique players are analyzed. For Part III (Mastermode), the data obtained from 894 gameplays by 311 anonymous unique players are analyzed. In our analysis, we found out a significant difference in performance regarding the players who trained (i.e., played Parts I and II) before playing the Mastermode (Part III) vs. the group of players who did not train. We also found a significant difference in players' performance who used the visual help (i.e., re-watch the animated sequence of paper folds) vs. the group of players who did not use it, confirming the effectiveness of the Paper Folding Reasoning Game to train paper-folding-and-punched-hole reasoning skills. Statistically significant gender differences in performance were also found.
Stress hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcome in critically ill patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Long Chuyan , Fan Weiguo , Liu Yang , Hong Kui
Published: February 2024

Background and objective

Stress hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and is associated with poor prognosis. Whether this association exists in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients is unknown. The present cohort study investigated the association of stress hyperglycemia with 90-day all-cause mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with PH.

Methods

Data of the study population were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. A new index, the ratio of admission glucose to HbA1c (GAR), was used to evaluate stress hyperglycemia. The study population was divided into groups according to GAR quartiles (Q1-Q4). The outcome of interest was all-cause mortality within 90 days, which was considered a short-term prognosis.

Result

A total of 53,569 patients were screened. Ultimately, 414 PH patients were enrolled; 44.2% were male, and 23.2% were admitted to the cardiac ICU. As the GAR increased from Q2 to Q4, the groups had lower creatinine levels, longer ICU stays, and a higher proportion of renal disease. After adjusting for confounding factors such as demographics, vital signs, and comorbidities, an elevated GAR was associated with an increased risk of 90-day mortality.

Conclusion

Stress hyperglycemia assessed by the GAR was associated with increased 90-day mortality in ICU patients with PH.
Calculation of the velocities induced by the trailing vorticity in the rotor plane of a horizontal-axis turbine or propeller
Authors: Wood David H.
Published: February 2024

Lifting line (LL) analysis of propellers and horizontal-axis turbines requires the axial and circumferential velocities induced by the vortex system representing the blades and the trailing vorticity. If the blades are straight and radial, the induced velocities along the LLs are due only to the trailing vorticity. Accurate two-term approximations for these velocities have been developed from the exact Kawada–Hardin (KH) equations for the velocity field of a doubly infinite helical vortex of constant pitch and radius, Wood et al. (Ocean Engineering, 2021, 235). This paper describes a straightforward extension of the approximations to give the induced velocities anywhere in the equivalent of the rotor plane for a doubly infinite helix. The third term in the approximation of the KH equations is derived and compared to an alternative third term due to Okulov (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2004, 521, 319–342). Both three-term approximations produce a small improvement in accuracy over the two-term approximations for a range of operating conditions for turbines and propellers. Okulov’s third term is superior. To determine the induced velocities for a singly infinite trailing vortex behind a rotor, an additional equation is derived from the Biot–Savart law. Numerical examples show that the resulting equations provide accurate estimates for the induced velocities over the rotor plane. The main application of the analysis is to account for blade sweep and coning by including the angle between the vortex origin and the control point at which the velocities are required, often the center of each blade element.
A Bacillus velezensis strain shows antimicrobial activity against soilborne and foliar fungi and oomycetes
Authors: Wockenfuss Anna , Chan Kevin , Cooper Jessica G. , Chaya Timothy , Mauriello Megan A. , Yannarell Sarah M. , Maresca Julia A. , Donofrio Nicole M.
Published: February 2024

Biological control uses naturally occurring antagonists such as bacteria or fungi for environmentally friendly control of plant pathogens. Bacillus spp. have been used for biocontrol of numerous plant and insect pests and are well-known to synthesize a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. We hypothesized that bacteria isolated from agricultural soil would be effective antagonists of soilborne fungal pathogens. Here, we show that the Delaware soil isolate Bacillus velezensis strain S4 has in vitro activity against soilborne and foliar plant pathogenic fungi, including two with a large host range, and one oomycete. Further, this strain shows putative protease and cellulase activity, consistent with our prior finding that the genome of this organism is highly enriched in antifungal and antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters. We demonstrate that this bacterium causes changes to the fungal and oomycete hyphae at the inhibition zone, with some of the hyphae forming bubble-like structures and irregular branching. We tested strain S4 against Magnaporthe oryzae spores, which typically form germ tubes and penetration structures called appressoria, on the surface of the leaf. Our results suggest that after 12 hours of incubation with the bacterium, fungal spores form germ tubes, but instead of producing appressoria, they appear to form rounded, bubble-like structures. Future work will investigate whether a single antifungal molecule induces all these effects, or if they are the result of a combination of bacterially produced antimicrobials.
Comparison of RNA-Seq and microarray in the prediction of protein expression and survival prediction
Authors: Kim Won-Ji , Choi Bo Ram , Noh Joseph J. , Lee Yoo-Young , Kim Tae-Joong , Lee Jeong-Won , Kim Byoung-Gie , Choi Chel Hun
Published: February 2024

Gene expression profiling using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray technologies is widely used in cancer research to identify biomarkers for clinical endpoint prediction. We compared the performance of these two methods in predicting protein expression and clinical endpoints using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. We calculated the correlation coefficients between gene expression measured by RNA-seq or microarray and protein expression measured by reverse phase protein array (RPPA). In addition, after selecting the top 103 survival-related genes, we compared the random forest survival prediction model performance across test platforms and cancer types. Both RNA-seq and microarray data were retrieved from TCGA dataset. Most genes showed similar correlation coefficients between RNA-seq and microarray, but 16 genes exhibited significant differences between the two methods. The BAX gene was recurrently found in colorectal cancer, renal cancer, and ovarian cancer, and the PIK3CA gene belonged to renal cancer and breast cancer. Furthermore, the survival prediction model using microarray was better than the RNA-seq model in colorectal cancer, renal cancer, and lung cancer, but the RNA-seq model was better in ovarian and endometrial cancer. Our results showed good correlation between mRNA levels and protein measured by RPPA. While RNA-seq and microarray performance were similar, some genes showed differences, and further clinical significance should be evaluated. Additionally, our survival prediction model results were controversial.
Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway
Authors: Selmi Carlo , Chimenti Maria Sole , Novelli Lucia , Parikh Bhumik K. , Morello Francesca , de Vlam Kurt , Ciccia Francesco
Published: February 2024

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by new bone formation in the axial musculoskeletal system, with X-ray discriminating between radiographic and non-radiographic forms. Current therapeutic options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in addition to biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that specifically target tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or interleukin (IL)-17. Pain is the most critical symptom for axSpA patients, significantly contributing to the burden of disease and impacting daily life. While the inflammatory process exerts a major role in determining pain in the early phases of the disease, the symptom may also result from mechanical and neuromuscular causes that require complex, multi-faceted pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment, especially in the later phases. In clinical practice, pain often persists and does not respond further despite the absence of inflammatory disease activity. Cytokines involved in axSpA pathogenesis interact directly/indirectly with the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade, a fundamental component in the origin and development of spondyloarthropathies. The JAK/STAT pathway also plays an important role in nociception, and new-generation JAK inhibitors have demonstrated rapid pain relief. We provide a comprehensive review of the different pain types observed in axSpA and the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in this context, with specific focus on data from preclinical studies and data from clinical trials with JAK inhibitors.
Targeting latent viral infection in EBV-associated lymphomas
Authors: Kong Isabella Y. , Giulino-Roth Lisa
Published: February 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the development of a significant subset of human lymphomas. As a herpes virus, EBV can transition between a lytic state which is required to establish infection and a latent state where a limited number of viral antigens are expressed which allows infected cells to escape immune surveillance. Three broad latency programs have been described which are defined by the expression of viral proteins RNA, with latency I being the most restrictive expressing only EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and latency III expressing the full panel of latent viral genes including the latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1/2), and EBNA 2, 3, and leader protein (LP) which induce a robust T-cell response. The therapeutic use of EBV-specific T-cells has advanced the treatment of EBV-associated lymphoma, however this approach is only effective against EBV-associated lymphomas that express the latency II or III program. Latency I tumors such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) evade the host immune response to EBV and are resistant to EBV-specific T-cell therapies. Thus, strategies for inducing a switch from the latency I to the latency II or III program in EBV+ tumors are being investigated as mechanisms to sensitize tumors to T-cell mediated killing. Here, we review what is known about the establishment and regulation of latency in EBV infected B-cells, the role of EBV-specific T-cells in lymphoma, and strategies to convert latency I tumors to latency II/III.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhou Ping , Gao Ying , Kong Zhijuan , Wang Junlin , Si Shuxuan , Han Wei , Li Jie , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong
Published: February 2024

As a new type of anti-tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the prognosis of multiple malignancies. However, renal complications are becoming more frequent. Nephrotoxicity often manifests as acute kidney injury (AKI), and the most common histopathological type is acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). Based on previous studies of the incidence and potential risk factors for nephrotoxicity, in this review, we describe the mechanism of AKI after ICIs treatment, summarize the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI, and discuss the diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI). In addition, we review the current status of ICIs rechallenge and the therapeutic strategies of ICIs applied in kidney transplant recipients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of collaboration between nephrologists and oncologists to guide the treatment of ICIs and the management of renal complications.
Impact of various heat treatment processes and welding speeds on the mechanical properties and microstructures of soft/hard composite joints
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Zhao , Chen Biao , Zhang Shuchao , Du Jinliang
Published: February 2024

There is a certain contradiction between the formability and strength of auto parts. In this work, the whole-process processing technology of hot stamping soft steel was designed, and 500 MPa grade mild steel (500HS) with uniform microstructure was prepared. To take into account the strength and formability of hot stamping soft steel, here, based on laser welding technology, 500 MPa grade soft steel, and 1500 MPa grade hard steel are benignly composited, and by adjusting the laser welding speed and heat treatment process, the loss of mechanical properties caused by the weld seam is eliminated. A soft/hard composite steel for automobiles with excellent strength, ductility and formability is obtained. To maintain excellent deformation resistance and bonding force of the weld, the heat-affected zone of 500HS retains part of bainite and pearlite, which is beneficial to the strain compatibility and stress partitioning with the microstructure of the base metal, and the hardness is low. After heat treatment, which helps to transfer the stress concentration effect to the 500HS base metal with strong energy absorption capacity, so that the clad steel has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. This process is developed based on existing industrialized equipment and has broad application prospects.
Diosgenin alleviates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in rats’ brain and liver targeting aging and apoptotic marker genes
Authors: El-Far Ali H. , Elghaity Mona M. , Mohamed Shymaa A. , Noreldin Ahmed E. , Elewa Yaser H. A. , Al Jaouni Soad Khalil , Alsenosy Abdelwahab A.
Published: February 2024

The theory of aging is primarily concerned with oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidants. To alleviate the oxidative stress, we investigated the protective effect of diosgenin (DSG) for D-galactose (D-gal) using 20 and 40 mg of DSG/kg/day/orally for 42 days. The findings showed that D-gal caused brain and liver oxidative injuries by upregulating aging and oxidative markers. To counteract the oxidative stress caused by D-gal, DSG upregulated glutathione peroxidase-1, superoxide dismutase-1, and glutathione S-transferase-α. DSG also diminished the expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and mammalian target of rapamycin in brain and liver, as well as the build-up of β-galactosidase. DSG, in a dose-dependent manner, decreased the oxidative aging effects of D-gal in brain and liver tissues through targeting of aging and apoptotic marker genes. Finally, it should be noted that consuming DSG supplements is a suggesting natural preventative agent that may counteract aging and preserve health through improvement of body antioxidant status and control aging associated inflammation and cellular apoptosis.
Machine learning-based identification of colorectal advanced adenoma using clinical and laboratory data: a phase I exploratory study in accordance with updated World Endoscopy Organization guidelines for noninvasive colorectal cancer screening tests
Authors: Wang Huijie , Cao Xu , Meng Ping , Zheng Caihua , Liu Jinli , Liu Yong , Zhang Tianpeng , Li Xiaofang , Shi Xiaoyang , Sun Xiaoxing , Zhang Teng , Zuo Haiying , Wang Zhichao , Fu Xin , Li Huan , Zheng Huanwei
Published: February 2024

Objective

The recent World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) guidelines now recognize precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) as legitimate screening targets. However, an optimal screening method for detecting advanced adenoma (AA), a significant precursor lesion, remains elusive.

Methods

We employed five machine learning methods, using clinical and laboratory data, to develop and validate a diagnostic model for identifying patients with AA (569 AAs vs. 3228 controls with normal colonoscopy). The best-performing model was selected based on sensitivity and specificity assessments. Its performance in recognizing adenoma-carcinoma sequence was evaluated in line with guidelines, and adjustable thresholds were established. For comparison, the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) was also selected.

Results

The XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance in identifying AA, with a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 83.4%. It successfully detected 42.7% of non-advanced adenoma (NAA) and 80.1% of CRC. The model-transformed risk assessment scale provided diagnostic performance at different positivity thresholds. Compared to FOBT, the XGBoost model better identified AA and NAA, however, was less effective in CRC.

Conclusion

The XGBoost model, compared to FOBT, offers improved accuracy in identifying AA patients. While it may not meet the recommendations of some organizations, it provides value for individuals who are unable to use FOBT for various reasons.
Evolving role of semaglutide in NAFLD: in combination, weekly and oral administration
Authors: Koureta Evgenia , Cholongitas Evangelos
Published: February 2024

Non alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease that is managed in the liver departments. It seems that the prevalence of the disease is rising worldwide and as it has the same pathogenetic pathways with metabolic syndrome, treatments that target components of the metabolic syndrome seem promising for the therapy of NAFLD as well. In this review we discuss the evolving role of semaglutide, which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that has been already approved for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.
Associations between one-carbon metabolism and valproic acid-induced liver dysfunction in epileptic patients
Authors: Zhu Jingwei , Wang Zhe , Sun Xiaotong , Wang Dan , Xu Xinbo , Yang Liping , Du Jiangdong , Zhou Zhimei , Qi Yanhua , Ma Linfeng
Published: February 2024

Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used as an antiepileptic drug for decades. Although VPA is effective and well-tolerated, long-term VPA treatment is usually associated with hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of VPA-caused hepatotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, a total of 157 pediatric patients with epilepsy were recruited and divided into normal liver function (NLF, 112 subjects) group and abnormal liver function (ABLF, 45 subjects) group. We observed that MTHFR A1298C and MTHFR C677T variants may be linked to VPA-induced liver dysfunction (p = 0.001; p = 0.023, respectively). We also found that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was associated with a higher serum Hcy level (p = 0.001) and a lower FA level (p = 0.001). Moreover, the serum Hcy levels was strongly correlated with the GSH and TBARS concentrations (r = −0.6065, P < 0.001; r = 0.6564, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, logistic analysis indicated that MTHFR A1298C/C677T polymorphisms and increased Hcy concentrations may be risk factors for VPA-induced liver dysfunction. These results suggested that individual susceptibility to VPA-induced liver dysfunction may result from MTHFR A1298C/C677T polymorphisms and increased Hcy levels. This study may be helpful for the prevention and guidance of VPA-induced liver dysfunction.
Preliminary study on the correlation between accelerated current and dose in water for an electron-based LINAC
Authors: Franciosini G. , Muraro S. , De Gregorio A. , De Simoni M. , Di Francesco M. , Di Martino F. , Dong Y. , Felici G. , Galante F. , Harold Pensavalle J. , Marafini M. , Mattei I. , Muscato A. , Pacitti M. , Patera V. , Sarti A. , Schiavi A. , Toppi M. , Traini G. , Trigilio A. , Battistoni G.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) is considered the first clinical translation of FLASH with electrons. A crucial aspect is represented by the precise dose monitoring and measurement; to this aim, we propose a method fully based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation that uses as input the beam current measurement and the beam optics simulation. To validate this approach, we chose the NOVAC11 (produced by Sordina IORT Technologies SpA) accelerator, which provides a well-studied model.

Methods: We used FLUKA and FRED MC software to simulate in detail the geometry of the NOVAC11 and the coupled applicator usually adopted in clinical practice to deliver the dose in the surgical bed. The simulation results of the longitudinal and off-axis profiles and dose per pulse obtained in a water phantom with different applicators are compared to the experimental data.

Results: A very good agreement not only for the relative dosimetry in both the longitudinal and off-axis profiles, with a gamma index pass rate of 100% with 3%/3 mm acceptance criteria, but also for the absolute dosimetry was obtained.

Conclusion: The results completely validate the MC description of the system and provide a reliable evaluation of the dose per pulse and output factor with an accuracy of the order of few % for different sets of applicator diameters and lengths.
Evolving dynamics of insect frass fertilizer for sustainable nematode management and potato production
Authors: Anedo Emmanuel O. , Beesigamukama Dennis , Mochoge Benson , Korir Nicholas K. , Haukeland Solveig , Cheseto Xavier , Subramanian Sevgan , Kelemu Segenet , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: February 2024

Potato production faces major challenges from inadequate soil fertility, and nematode infestation, yet synthetic fertilizers and nematicides are costly and harmful to the environment. This study explored the potential of chitin-fortified black soldier fly-composted organic fertilizer (BSFCOF) as a multipurpose organic fertilizer amendment for enhancing potato yield and suppressing potato cyst nematodes (PCN). The BSFCOF was applied at a rate equivalent to 150 kg N ha-1 and fortified with chitin from black soldier fly pupal exuviae at inclusion rates equivalent to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% chitin. Data were collected on potato growth characteristics, PCN population densities, and soil chemical properties for two growing cycles. Results showed that chitin fortified BSFCOF significantly improved potato growth parameters, chlorophyll concentration, marketable tuber yield and number of marketable tubers. The marketable tuber yield achieved using chitin-fortified BSFCOF was 70 – 362%, and 69 – 238% higher than the values achieved using unfertilized soil during the first and second growing cycles, respectively. Soil amendment with chitin-fortified BSFCOF significantly reduced the number of cysts per 200 g soil-1, number of eggs and J2 per cyst-1, eggs g-1 soil and reproduction rate by 32 – 87%, 9 – 92%, 31– 98% and 31 – 98%, respectively. The PCN suppression increased with chitin inclusion rates. There were significantly higher values for soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and cation exchange capacity in soil amended with BSFCOF compared to unamended soil. This study demonstrates that BSFCOF fortified with 5% chitin is an effective soil enhancer with multiple benefits, including improved soil fertility, potato performance, and effective management of potato cyst nematodes.
Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications
Authors: Peracchi Luigi M. , Panahabadi Rahele , Barros-Rios Jaime , Bartley Laura E. , Sanguinet Karen A.
Published: February 2024

Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer found in most terrestrial plants that contributes an essential role in plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance. Recent research in grass lignin biosynthesis has found differences compared to dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the prolific incorporation of hydroxycinnamic acids into grass secondary cell walls improve the structural integrity of vascular and structural elements via covalent crosslinking. Conversely, fundamental monolignol chemistry conserves the mechanisms of monolignol translocation and polymerization across the plant phylum. Emerging evidence suggests grass lignin compositions contribute to abiotic stress tolerance, and periods of biotic stress often alter cereal lignin compositions to hinder pathogenesis. This same recalcitrance also inhibits industrial valorization of plant biomass, making lignin alterations and reductions a prolific field of research. This review presents an update of grass lignin biosynthesis, translocation, and polymerization, highlights how lignified grass cell walls contribute to plant development and stress responses, and briefly addresses genetic engineering strategies that may benefit industrial applications.
Identification and characterization of the Remorin gene family in Saccharum and the involvement of ScREM1.5e-1/-2 in SCMV infection on sugarcane
Authors: Yang Zongtao , Cheng Guangyuan , Yu Quanxin , Jiao Wendi , Zeng Kang , Luo Tingxu , Zhang Hai , Shang Heyang , Huang Guoqiang , Wang Fengji , Guo Ying , Xu Jingsheng
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins that play important roles in plant–pathogen interactions and environmental adaptations. Group I REMs are extensively involved in virus infection. However, little is known about the REM gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hyrid), the most important sugar and energy crop around world.

Methods

Comparative genomics were employed to analyze the REM gene family in Saccharum spontaneum. Transcriptomics or RT-qPCR were used to analyze their expression files in different development stages or tissues under different treatments. Yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays were applied to investigate the protein interaction.

Results

In this study, 65 REMs were identified from Saccharum spontaneum genome and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic tree analysis. These REMs contain multiple cis-elements associated with growth, development, hormone and stress response. Expression profiling revealed that among different SsREMs with variable expression levels in different developmental stages or different tissues. A pair of alleles, ScREM1.5e-1/-2, were isolated from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 were highly expressed in leaves, with the former expressed at significantly higher levels than the latter. Their expression was induced by treatment with H2O2, ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroid, SA or MeJA, and varied upon Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. ScREM1.5e-1 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM), while ScREM1.5e-2 was localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 can self-interact and interact with each other, and interact with VPgs from SCMV, Sorghum mosaic virus, or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus. The interactions with VPgs relocated ScREM1.5e-1 from the PM to the cytoplasm.

Discussion

These results reveal the origin, distribution and evolution of the REM gene family in sugarcane and may shed light on engineering sugarcane resistance against sugarcane mosaic pathogens.