bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding factors influencing Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) recruitment: From egg deposition to juveniles
Authors: Burbank Jacob , DeJong Rachel A. , Turcotte François , Rolland Nicolas
Published: December 2022

Recruitment is a critical component of population dynamics and variability in recruitment underpins large fluctuations in population abundances of commercially valuable marine fishes. Marine pelagic fishes such as Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) experience relatively high variability in recruitment that is driven by a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors. The relative importance and interaction of each factor for determining recruitment is poorly understood, and consequently, recruitment estimates are one of the largest uncertainties in fisheries management and predictions of future population sizes. Poor recruitment of Atlantic herring has been identified as a major issue and bottleneck for the species; therefore, factors influencing successful recruitment are of great interest to fisheries managers. Here we review studies that have examined the factors influencing survival at the egg stage, early larval stage, late larval stage, and juvenile stage to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the recruitment of Atlantic herring and provide recommendations to guide future research. We identified nine biotic and eight abiotic factors that have been found to substantially impact the recruitment of Atlantic herring, with temperature, prey availability, and predation being the most commonly investigated factors. We conclude it is not one factor that primarily determines recruitment, but rather a collection of many factors that vary temporally and spatially that drive the large variation observed in Atlantic herring recruitment year over year. A holistic approach is required to better understand recruitment and improve fisheries management decisions regarding Atlantic herring.
Unveiling the environmental drivers of intraspecific body size variation in terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Henry Erin , Santini Luca , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Benítez‐López Ana
Published: December 2022

Aim

Whether intraspecific spatial patterns in body size are generalizable across species remains contentious, as well as the mechanisms underlying these patterns. Here we test several hypotheses explaining within‐species body size variation in terrestrial vertebrates including the heat balance, seasonality, resource availability and water conservation hypotheses for ectotherms, and the heat conservation, heat dissipation, starvation resistance and resource availability hypotheses for endotherms.

Location

Global.

Time period

1970–2016.

Major taxa studied

Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Methods

We collected 235,905 body size records for 2,229 species (amphibians = 36; reptiles = 81; birds = 1,545; mammals = 567) and performed a phylogenetic meta‐analysis of intraspecific correlations between body size and environmental variables. We further tested whether correlations differ between migratory and non‐migratory bird and mammal species, and between thermoregulating and thermoconforming ectotherms.

Results

For bird species, smaller intraspecific body size was associated with higher mean and maximum temperatures and lower resource seasonality. Size–environment relationships followed a similar pattern in resident and migratory birds, but the effect of resource availability on body size was slightly positive only for non‐migratory birds. For mammals, we found that intraspecific body size was smaller with lower resource availability and seasonality, with this pattern being more evident in sedentary than migratory species. No clear size–environment relationships were found for reptiles and amphibians.

Main conclusions

Within‐species body size variation across endotherms is explained by disparate underlying mechanisms for birds and mammals. Heat conservation (Bergmann's rule) and heat dissipation are the dominant processes explaining biogeographic intraspecific body size variation in birds, whereas in mammals, body size clines are mostly explained by the starvation resistance and resource availability hypotheses. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind species adaptations to the environment across their geographic distributions.
Construction of high density genetic map and quantitative trait locus mapping in a sorghum Tx623A × sudangrass S722 population
Authors: Tu Wenmiao , Wang Lihua , Jin Peng , Meng Ruirui , Zheng Jian , Liu Yanlong , Wang Yi‐Hong , Li Jieqin
Published: December 2022

Sorghum–sudanense is a hybrid of sorghum and Sudanese grass and is widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture because of its high yield, excellent quality and wide adaptability. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we constructed a high‐density genetic map of sorghum Tx623A × sudangrass S722 with 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in this study and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), tiller number (TN), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight per plant (DW). The map included 1610 markers with a total length of 2329 cM and QTL mapping identified 19 QTLs, including two for PH, three for SD, four for TN, four for FW and five for DW. We detected two QTL clusters containing overlapping QTLs for PH, FW and DW. Orthologs of three SD candidate genes from maize were found within two SD QTLs. The identification of these QTLs will be useful for cloning the corresponding genes for these traits and developing marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in future sorghum breeding programs.
Haemophilia A and B – evaluation of the Swedish prophylactic regimen by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lundin Björn , Baghaei Fariba , Holmström Margareta , Petrini Pia , Müller Gunilla , Månsson Sven , Ljung Rolf
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Sweden has been a pioneer in the prophylactic treatment of haemophilia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect small changes in joints and can therefore give an indication of a risk of developing arthropathy.

Aim

To use MRI to evaluate the outcome of the Swedish ‘high‐dose regimen’ and correlate the findings to age, bleeds, joint score and physical activity.

Methods

The study group comprised 48 Swedish male patients, mean age 25 years (range 12–33 years), with severe or moderate haemophilia A or B. Data on the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) were available and physical activity was evaluated by a self‐reported questionnaire.

Results

MRI score was recorded in 188 joints. Twenty out of 48 patients had a score of ≥1 (range 1–13) in 31 joints of which 3/31 scores were in the knees and 28/31 in the ankles. No correlation was found between the number of recorded bleeds and the MRI score or between HJHS and MRI score. There was no correlation between the physical activity and the number of joint bleeds per se, but a trend (OR 3.0) that those most physically active (19/48; 39.6%), more frequently had an MRI score of ≥1 with an overweight for the right ankle.

Conclusion

The Swedish prophylactic model offers protection against haemophilia joint arthropathy but will still not prevent osteochondral changes in some patients at young age. MRI of the ankles can signal risk of future arthropathy and indicate need to modify the prophylactic regimen.
Novel markers in breast pathology
Authors: Dabbs David J , Huang Richard S , Ross Jeffrey S
Published: December 2022

Breast pathology is an ever‐expanding database of information which includes markers, or biomarkers, that detect or help treat the disease as prognostic or predictive information. This review focuses on these aspects of biomarkers which are grounded in immunohistochemistry, liquid biopsies and next‐generation sequencing.
Update on triple‐negative breast cancers – highlighting subtyping update and treatment implication
Authors: Tsang Julia Y , Tse Gary M
Published: December 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major challenge in breast cancer management. Continuing research in the past years aimed at understanding the biology of this tumour and developing more effective therapeutic options. It is now clear that TNBC is vastly heterogeneous with diverse histological, molecular, immunological profiles and clinical differences. Current evidence suggested the existence of at least four predominant subtypes based on expression profiling across studies. These subtypes exhibited specific genomic alterations and tumour microenvironment. Subtype‐specific therapeutic strategies were identified. Recognising these subtypes allows not only an improved prognostication but also a better treatment decision. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent findings on TNBC heterogeneity at different levels and corresponding subtyping. The characteristic of subtypes and the implication of these subtypings in therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
OPENING THE BLACK BOX OF INTERPRETATION: DIGITAL HISTORY PRACTICES AS MODELS OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: SCHWANDT SILKE
Published: December 2022

Digital history is more than just the implementation of algorithmic and other data practices in the practice of history writing. It places our discipline under a microscope and enables us to focus in on what history writing is in the first place: writing about the past under specific social and societal conditions. This article argues for a closer look at the traditions of history writing in order to understand its principles and to determine what the digital condition contributes to historiography. Does the work of historians actually change in principle, or does digital history instead reflect the digital condition under which we operate? The article begins with a reflection on the works of Wilhelm Dilthey and Michel de Certeau to discuss how the society in which the historian writes influences the practices of interpretation. The article then presents what can be understood as the digital condition of our present societies and shows how algorithms function as “black boxes” that influence our social interactions, communication, and understanding of the world. The article's third part brings together the earlier discussions of practices of history writing and the digital condition in order to examine the role of modeling for knowledge production in the sciences and the humanities. The closing argument then focuses on the use of visualizations in digital history as an example of the operational use of models of knowledge in opening the “black box” of interpretation.
Mediator role of intergroup anxiety in relationship between the social contact, intercultural sensitivity and attitudes towards Syrians among Turkish local society
Authors: Çalişkan Sari Arzu , Yalçinkaya Alkar Özden
Published: December 2022

Turkey is the country with the highest Syrian refugee population hosted in the world. Social acceptance of immigrants by the local community is as important as the social cohesion of immigrants regarding the social integration process. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of social contact, intercultural sensitivity, intergroup anxiety, gender, age, education, abroad experience and city on attitudes of Turkish local society towards Syrians. In this regard, data were collected from 207 local community members living in Ankara and Adana provinces of Turkey. According to the analysis, qualitative social contact, intercultural sensitivity and intergroup anxiety predicted the attitudes of the local community towards Syrians. In addition, intergroup anxiety had a mediating role between qualitative social contact, intercultural sensitivity and attitudes towards Syrians. When close social contact and intercultural sensitivity of Turkish local society increase, intergroup anxiety decreases and it increases positive attitudes towards Syrians. Lastly, while there was no gender difference in attitude towards Syrians, females were higher in intercultural sensitivity than males.
Prospective prediction of developing internalizing disorders in ADHD
Authors: Karalunas Sarah L. , Antovich Dylan , Miller Natalie , Nigg Joel T.
Published: December 2022

Background

Clinical course in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heterogeneous with respect to both core symptoms and associated features and impairment. Onset of comorbid anxiety and mood disorders during later childhood and adolescence is one critical aspect of divergent outcomes in ADHD. Characterizing heterogeneity in onset of anxiety and depression and identifying prospective predictors of these divergent courses may facilitate early identification of the children most at risk.

Methods

A total of 849 children recruited for a case–control study of ADHD development, aged 7–12 years at baseline, completed up to six annual waves of comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessment, including multi‐informant behavior ratings, parent semi‐structured clinical diagnostic interviews, and measures of executive function (EF). Latent class growth curve analyses (LCGAs) characterized patterns of anxiety and depression over time. Trajectories were predicted from baseline parent‐rated child temperament, lab‐measured child EF, coded parental criticism, and child‐reported self‐blame for inter‐parental conflict.

Results

Latent class growth curve analyses separately identified three trajectories for anxiety and three for depression: persistently high, persistently low, and increasing. Temperamental fear/sadness and irritability were independent predictors that interacted with family characteristics. Baseline parental criticism and self‐blame for inter‐parental conflict exerted influence but only in the context of low temperamental risk. Better baseline child working memory was associated with delayed onset of depression.

Conclusions

The interaction of baseline child emotional features with EF or family environment predicted divergent courses of both anxiety and depression from middle‐childhood to mid‐adolescence. Results suggest modifiable risk factors associated with prospective differences in long‐term outcomes.
Variability in greenhouse gas footprints of the global wind farm fleet
Authors: Dammeier Louise Christine , Bosmans Joyce H. C. , Huijbregts Mark A. J.
Published: December 2022

While technological characteristics largely determine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the construction of a wind farm and meteorological circumstances the actual electricity production, a thorough analysis to quantify the GHG footprint variability (in g CO2eq/kWh electricity produced) between wind farms is still lacking at the global scale. Here, we quantified the GHG footprint of 26,821 wind farms located across the globe, combining turbine‐specific technological parameters, life‐cycle inventory data, and location‐ and temporal‐specific meteorological information. These wind farms represent 79% of the 651 global wind (GW) capacity installed in 2019. Our results indicate a median GHG footprint for global wind electricity of 10 g CO2eq/kWh, ranging from 4 to 56 g CO2eq/kWh (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles). Differences in the GHG footprint of wind farms are mainly explained by spatial variability in wind speed, followed by whether the wind farm is located onshore or offshore, the turbine diameter, and the number of turbines in a wind farm. We also provided a metamodel based on these four predictors for users to be able to easily obtain a first indication of GHG footprints of new wind farms considered. Our results can be used to compare the GHG footprint of wind farms to one another and to other sources of electricity in a location‐specific manner.
Enhancing institutional capacity in a centralized state: The case of industrial water use efficiency in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Tran Thu , Bush Simon R. , van Leeuwen Judith
Published: December 2022

This article uses an institutional capacity framework to assess the interplay between the macro level institutional environment in the form of the centralized Vietnamese state, and the meso level institutional capacity of three different industrial zones to develop technological water use efficiency strategies. Our results show that the relational, knowledge, and mobilization capacities of these industrial zones are constrained by the centralized nature of the Vietnamese state. These industrial zones also show a limited capacity to instigate reform of macro level regulatory institutions. However, we also find instances where industrial zones do demonstrate capacity for implementing water use efficiency technologies because of their capacity to coordinate relations with client firms, universities, and provincial industrial zone authorities. If the institutional capacities of industrial zones are better supported, we argue there remains room for them to influence the macro institutional context to support innovation in water use efficiency. Our results indicate the value of institutional capacity as a framework for assessing processes of technical innovation for industrial ecology, especially in the context of centralized states.
Black dreams matter: Exploring the polyphonic realms of the Black Radical Imaginary
Authors: Cahill Loren S.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Charles Cobb Jr. and Alex Davis are two Black American men who have never experienced the full capacity of freedom. The routine denial of their full humanity, or social equity, has counterintuitively sparked an impetus inside of them both to commit their lives to seek to dismantle oppressive systems.

Method

Through a series of oral histories with both organizers, I learned that they have been engaged with radical dreaming and imagination as a survivalist movement strategy.

Results

Despite the dehumanizing violence of slavery, the political humiliation of Reconstruction, the brutal segregation and state terrorism of Jim Crow, and the many Civil Rights successes and Neoliberal disappointments that have followed, Cobb and Davis have embodied a steadfast commitment to freedom, unwavering trust in their people, in some contexts, a just daring that defies current dominant reason.

Conclusion

I argue that by drawing through lines between the meaning‐making experiences of Charles Cobb Jr. ‘s and Alex Davis’ incredible lives we can better understand their critical consciousness and sociopolitical development have influenced their dreams of freedom, cultivated their radical imaginations, and sustained their collectivism.
Using a bedside test to detect genetic susceptibility to aminoglycoside‐induced hearing loss: Has the future arrived?
Authors: May Meryta L , Osowicki Joshua , Gaafar Duaa , Suthers Graeme
Published: December 2022

Aminoglycosides are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in hospitalised Australian adults and children. A proportion of individuals with an underlying genetic predisposition to aminoglycoside‐induced hearing loss (AIHL) can develop bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that is immediate and profound after just a single standard dose of an aminoglycoside. A recent publication described the use of a rapid point‐of‐care test (POCT) in a neonatal nursery in the United Kingdom for real‐time detection of infants at risk of AIHL, in whom exposure to aminoglycosides could then be avoided. This proof of concept study should provide a catalyst for further development of similar assays that would be suitable for Australia's genetically diverse population. The barriers to mitigating the impact of AIHL on Australian children are not primarily technical, but involve a lack of data on the prevalence of the MT‐RNR1 mutations in our current neonatal and paediatric populations and intensive care nurseries.
Using axenic and gnotobiotic insects to examine the role of different microbes on the development and reproduction of the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Gilliland Carissa A. , Patel Vilas , McCormick Ashley C. , Mackett Bradley M. , Vogel Kevin J.
Published: December 2022

Kissing bugs (Hempitera: Reduviidae) are obligately and exclusively blood feeding insects. Vertebrate blood is thought to provide insufficient B vitamins to insects, which rely on symbiotic relationships with bacteria that provision these nutrients. Kissing bugs harbour environmentally acquired bacteria in their gut lumen, without which they are unable to develop to adulthood. Rhodococcus rhodnii was initially identified as the sole symbiont of Rhodnius prolixus, but modern studies of the kissing bug microbiome suggest that R. rhodnii is not always present or abundant in wild‐caught individuals. We asked whether R. rhodnii or other bacteria alone could function as symbionts of R. prolixus. We produced insects with no bacteria (axenic) or with known microbiomes (gnotobiotic). Gnotobiotic insects harbouring R. rhodnii alone developed faster, had higher survival, and laid more eggs than those harbouring other bacterial monocultures, including other described symbionts of kissing bugs. R. rhodnii grew to high titre in the guts of R. prolixus while other tested species were found at much lower abundance. Rhodococcus species tested had nearly identical B vitamin biosynthesis genes, and dietary supplementation of B vitamins had a relatively minor effect on development and survival of gnotobiotic R. prolixus. Our results indicate that R. prolixus have a higher fitness when harbouring R. rhodnii than other bacteria tested, that this may be due to R. rhodnii existing at higher titres and providing more B vitamins to the host, and that symbiont B vitamin synthesis is probably a necessary but not sufficient function of gut bacteria in kissing bugs.
Commentary on “Can a good philosophical contribution be made just by asking a question?”
Authors: Habgood‐Coote Joshua , Watson Lani , Whitcomb Dennis
Published: December 2022

This paper explains some of the reasoning behind “Can a Good Philosophical Contribution Be Made Just by Asking a Question?,” a paper which consists solely in its title and which is published in the same issue of the journal as the present paper. The method for explaining that reasoning consists in making available a lightly edited version of a letter the authors sent to the editors when submitting the title‐only paper. The editors permitted publication of that paper on the condition that the authors also separately publish a version of that letter; the present paper aims to fulfil that condition.
Three‐stage non‐Gaussian homogeneous random field representation over manifolds
Authors: Liang Yan‐Ping , Feng De‐Cheng , Ren Xiaodan , Li Jie
Published: December 2022

Random fields are widely used to characterize the inherent spatial uncertainty in engineering applications. However, for widely existing manifolds, few studies focus on the simulation of Gaussian/non‐Gaussian fields over manifolds due to the geometry complexity. Recently, we proposed a two‐stage method to simulate Gaussian fields over manifolds. In this study, we extend it to a three‐stage method for non‐Gaussian fields. In the first stage, the original manifold is dimensional reduced to a Euclidean domain by the isometric feature mapping. By this step, the geodesic distance is preserved to guarantee the correlation structure unchanged. In the second stage, conventional representations can be used to simulate the underlying Gaussian field over the Euclidean domain. In the third stage, an enhanced translation procedure is proposed to translate the underlying Gaussian field to the target non‐Gaussian field over the manifold. To explain the applicability and accuracy of the three‐stage method, two kinds of non‐Gaussian fields over three different manifolds are simulated. Then, a global error is proposed to evaluate the performance of the method, and the error analysis demonstrates the method is accurate enough. Finally, two engineering structures, that is, a compressed half‐cylinder and a Canopy shell with complex geometry, are investigated to illustrate the potential applications of the method.
Oreocharis repenticaulis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from western Guangxi, China
Authors: Huang Xue‐Kui , Su Chun‐Lan , Yang Ping , Liu Yan
Published: December 2022

Oreocharis repenticaulis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is the first described Oreocharis with repent stem. A detailed description, color photographs, distribution and habitat, as well as its morphological relationship with relevant similar species are also provided.
Fritillaria umitkaplanii (Liliaceae), a new species from south Anatolia
Authors: Eker İsmail , Tekşen Mehtap
Published: December 2022

Fritillaria umitkaplanii Eker & Tekşen sp. nov. (Liliaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. It is morphologically similar to F. armena, F. pinardii and F. assyriaca, but differs from F. armena mainly by its canaliculate and broader leaves, perigone colour and shape, thin filament and anther colour; from F. pinardii by its canaliculate leaves, perigone colour, nectary characteristics, unbranched style and thin filament; and from F. assyriaca by its median leaves and bract longer than inflorescence, shape of median leaves, perigone colour, thin filament and style. Diagnostic characters, description, detailed illustration, geographical distribution, conservation assessment, identification key, observations and taxonomic comments regarding the new species are given.
North Korean Nuclear Crisis from Contending Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Kwon Edward
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the North Korean nuclear crisis from various contending international relations theoretical perspectives analyzing North Korea's weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the possibility of regime survival, and various policies for coping with North Korea's nuclear threat. North Korea's nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) programs should guarantee Pyongyang's security enough, but Kim Jong‐un's intention in developing various strategic weapons, such as multiwarhead tactical nuclear missiles, nuclear‐warhead‐tipped ICBMs and submarine‐launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), nuclear‐powered submarines, and continuing enrichment of high enriched uranium and plutonium pose dire security threats to the USA and its alliances. As for countermeasures against North Korea's WMD, the US‐ROK should upgrade their missile defense system based on the 4D principle. The alliance should conduct regular military drills anticipating various possible North Korean preemptive tactical nuclear weapon and missile attacks. Also, the USA and South Korea should make continuing efforts to persuade Kim Jong‐un to give up his nuclear weapons and ICBM programs.
Mid‐childhood fat mass and airflow limitation at 15 years: The mediating role of insulin resistance and C‐reactive protein
Authors: Peralta Gabriela P. , Granell Raquel , Bédard Annabelle , Carsin Anne‐Elie , Fuertes Elaine , Howe Laura D. , Márquez Sandra , Jarvis Deborah L. , Garcia‐Aymerich Judith
Published: December 2022

Background

We previously reported an association of high fat mass levels from age 9 to 15 years with lower forced expiratory flow in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (i.e., increased risk of airflow limitation) at 15 years. Here, we aimed to assess whether insulin resistance and C‐reactive protein (CRP) at 15 years partially mediate this association.

Methods

We included 2263 children from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population‐based cohort (ALSPAC). Four fat mass index (FMI) trajectories (“low,” “medium‐low,” “medium‐high,” “high”) from 9 to 15 years were previously identified using Group‐Based Trajectory Modeling. Data on CRP, glucose, insulin, and post‐bronchodilator FEV1/FVC were available at 15 years. We defined insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR). We used adjusted linear regression models and a causal mediation analysis to assess the mediating role of HOMA‐IR and CRP.

Results

Compared to children in the “low” FMI trajectory, children in the “medium‐high” and “high” FMI trajectories had lower FEV1/FVC at 15 years. The percentage of the total effect explained by HOMA‐IR was 19.8% [−114.1 to 170.0] and 20.4% [1.6 to 69.0] for the “medium‐high” and “high” trajectories, respectively. In contrast, there was little evidence for a mediating role of CRP.

Conclusion

The association between mid‐childhood fat mass and FEV1/FVC ratio at 15 years may be partially mediated by insulin resistance.
Pediatric impacts of multiorgan transplant allocation policy in the United States
Authors: Engen Rachel M. , Kirmani Sonya
Published: December 2022

Background

Multiorgan transplantation is increasingly common, driving recent increased attention to multiorgan allocation policies.

Methods

In this review, we summarize current multiorgan transplant allocation policies in the United States, with attention to recent and proposed changes and their impact on pediatric candidates.

Results

Existing multiorgan transplant policies attempt to balance equity and utility. Currently, there are clear allocation policies for some, but not all, multiorgan transplant combinations, and there are no mandatory outcomes reporting. Multiorgan candidates are prioritized above all kidney‐alone transplant candidates, which negatively affect pediatric kidney transplant wait times. Pediatric candidates are typically exempt from multiorgan listing criteria.

Conclusion

Multiorgan transplant allocation presents unique challenges for policy development. As the United States Network for Organ Sharing begins exploring continuous distribution allocation, multiorgan allocation will require special consideration and the development of clear and equitable policies.
Liberté, Égalité, Crédibilité: An experimental study of citizens' perceptions of government responses to COVID‐19 in eight countries
Authors: Amirkhanyan Anna A. , Meier Kenneth J. , Song Miyeon , Roberts Fei W. , Park Joohyung , Vogel Dominik , Bellé Nicola , Molina Angel Luis , Guul Thorbjørn Sejr
Published: December 2022

During a global pandemic, individual views of government can be linked to citizens' trust and cooperation with government and their propensity to resist state policies or to take action that influences the course of a pandemic. This article explores citizens' assessments of government responses to COVID‐19 as a function of policy substance (restrictions on civil liberties), information about performance, and socioeconomic inequity in outcomes. We conducted a survey experiment and analyzed data on over 7000 respondents from eight democratic countries. We find that across countries, citizens are less favorable toward COVID‐19 policies that are more restrictive of civil liberties. Additionally, citizens' views of government performance are significantly influenced by objective performance information from reputable sources and information on the disproportionate impacts of COVID‐19 on low‐income groups. This study reinforces the importance of policy design and outcomes and the consideration of multiple public values in the implementation of public policies.
In search of the collaborative advantage of public‐private partnerships: A comparative analysis of Dutch transport infrastructure projects
Authors: Verweij Stefan , Satheesh Shreya Anna
Published: December 2022

The theory of collaborative advantage is a major theory rationalizing the role of Public‐Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, the evidence for the theory in the case of PPPs is weak: the literature lacks studies that compared the actual performance and collaboration of PPPs to that of traditionally procured public projects. The aim of this article is to test the theory of a collaborative advantage of PPPs, focusing on three common performance indicators: time, cost, and perceived project performance. Data were collected on Dutch transport infrastructure projects. PPPs were compared to traditionally procured projects with non‐parametric tests and robust regression using weighted least squares estimator. It was found that PPPs have better cost performance but that this performance advantage cannot be attributed to collaboration. Therefore, it is concluded that no evidence was found for the theory of a collaborative advantage of PPPs.
Strategies to enhance tilapia immunity to improve their health in aquaculture
Authors: Wang Bei , Thompson Kim D. , Wangkahart Eakapol , Yamkasem Jidapa , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Tattiyapong Puntanat , Jian Jichan , Surachetpong Win
Published: December 2022

Various emerging and re‐emerging diseases, such as streptococcosis, tilapia lake virus disease and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease, have had a significant economic impact on the tilapia industry over the last decade. These diseases have resulted in high levels of morbidity and mortality, production losses and trade restrictions. In the absence of effective husbandry management, disease prevention strategies and appropriate biosecurity measures, infectious diseases will continue to challenge the sustainability of global tilapia aquaculture. Strategies used to reduce the impact of disease include feeding probiotic and prebiotic supplements to enhance tilapia health and to modulate the fish's gut microbiota to improve gut health. Herbal medicines and immunostimulants are also used to enhance immunity to disease, while vaccines are available, or are under development, for a number of economically important pathogens affecting tilapia culture. This review provides an overview of the benefits of enhancing the immune response of tilapia to improve their health, and in turn reduce the levels of pathogens within tilapia farming systems.
The difficult road to a better competition policy: How do competition authorities reforms affect antitrust effectiveness?
Authors: Borrell Joan‐Ramon , García Carmen , Jiménez Juan Luis
Published: December 2022

This paper estimates the impact of reforming competition authorities on perceived antitrust effectiveness using methods of causal inference. We study how 20 countries reformed their competition authorities in depth between 1995 and 2020, and what has been the outcome of such reforms in the perceived competition policy effectiveness by the business community compared with 18 control countries in a balanced panel. As the political economy literature warned, we find that reforms paradoxically have not always improved antitrust effectiveness. Some of the reforms approved stalled or backlashed as politicians opted for a Machiavelli option: undertaking “counter‐reforms” even in the name of an apparent but deceptive progressiveness and pro‐competition drive.
Stigma as a multispatial‐scale process: Revisiting the worst US Superfund sites
Authors: Greenberg Michael R.
Published: December 2022

Areas immediately adjacent to 16 of the first US national priority (NPL) hazardous waste sites that also had pre‐superfund emergency actions were examined to measure local stigma. Four decades after their NPL designation, I found marked variation in these areas’ social, public health and environmental attributes. About one‐third of these small areas fit the stereotype of stressed areas with environmental injustice challenges. Yet, another one‐third of these sites have better measurable outcomes than a combination of their host states and counties. For example, they have elevated levels of broadband access and their local jurisdictions are classified as safe and attractive to families. I conclude that long‐term stigma around a Superfund site was limited by US EPA actions, as well as by progressive state and local governments, and community groups, in other words, contributions from parties at multiple geographical scales.
Self‐contained two‐layer shallow‐water theory of strong internal bores
Authors: Priede Janis
Published: December 2022

We show that interfacial gravity waves comprising strong hydraulic jumps (bores) can be described by a two‐layer hydrostatic shallow‐water (SW) approximation without invoking additional front conditions. The theory is based on a new SW momentum equation which is derived in locally conservative form containing a free parameter α. This parameter, which defines the relative contribution of each layer to the pressure at the interface, affects only hydraulic jumps but not continuous waves. The Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions for the momentum and mass conservation equations are found to be mathematically equivalent to the classical front conditions, which were previously thought to be outside the scope of SW approximation. Dimensional arguments suggest that α depends on the density ratio. For nearly equal densities, both layers are expected to affect interfacial pressure with approximately equal weight coefficients, which corresponds to . The front propagation velocity for agrees well with experimental and numerical results in a wide range of bore strengths. A remarkably better agreement with high‐accuracy numerical results is achieved by , which yields the largest height that a stable gravity current can have.
‘Born to Run’: Remembering C.P. Pow
Authors: Neo Harvey
Published: December 2022

C.P. Pow was my confidant, colleague and (occasional) collaborator for more than 20 years. He had fought a valiant and dignified battle with an aggressive cancer but ultimately succumbed to it in July 2021. I will reminisce a few of the little known traits of Pow which had shaped him to become the conscientious, obliging and humble academic that he was known for.
Not every truth could have a truthmaker
Authors: Stigall John
Published: December 2022

Mark Jago argues for truthmaker maximalism in some recent papers based on a key premise: that every truthcouldhave a truthmaker. Jago contends that many would pretheoretically accept this principle and that counterexamples to it would be difficult to find. In this note, I show how truthmaker non‐maximalists can use a modified version of Peter Milne's argument against maximalism to provide a counterexample to this key premise.
Barriers and facilitators influencing EBP readiness: Building organizational and nurse capacity
Authors: Crawford Cecelia L. , Rondinelli June , Zuniga Stephen , Valdez Regina M. , Tze‐Polo Lisa , Titler Marita G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Organizational supported evidence‐based practice (EBP) enables nurses to be change agents and impact patient outcomes. Globally, a multitude of barriers limits EBP implementation, evaluation, and dissemination, which include time constraints, staff, resource access, education, technology, and fiscal support. These barriers and other disenfranchising elements hinder nurses' ability to actualize EBP and change practice within their workplace.

Aims

This study describes the EBP readiness, barriers, and facilitators reported by inpatient registered nurses (RNs) employed in a nationwide healthcare system before COVID‐19.

Methods

The study employed a cross‐sectional descriptive survey design using the 2005 Nursing EBP Survey for RN EBP readiness. The setting included 14 hospitals in Southern California. The survey was deployed in November 2016 and closed after 23 weeks. Descriptive statistics analyzed demographics and EBP scores, with inferential statistics for associations between demographics and EBP scores. ANOVA examined differences between EBP scores, service lines, years of employment, and education level. A content approach synthesized open‐ended barrier and facilitator questions into seven specific themes.

Results

Seven hundred and twenty‐four nurses completed the survey. Overall, the scores of inpatient RNs were highest scores for Practice Climate, suggesting the health system fosters a climate conducive to EBP. Scores were lowest for Data Collection and Implementation. Qualitative themes were: (1) Everyone Involved in EBP Implementation, (2) Fear and Resistance to Change, (3) Protected Release Time, (4) Knowing EBP Culture Outside of Current Organization, (5) Organizational Communication and Education, (6) Management and Leadership Support, and (7) Pragmatic Solutions to Facilitate EBP. Fear and Resistance to Change cut across all themes.

Linking Evidence to Action

Nurses at all organizational levels from the C‐suite to the bedside can create strategies to determine essential EBP readiness components, including EBP mentors to guide knowledge uptake activities. Pragmatic solutions for EBP capacity require frontline nurse feedback, commitment, and partnership with nursing leaders.
Approach for Real In-Hand Dexterity Evaluation: Application to the RoBioSS Hand
Authors: Seguin P. , Preault C. , Vulliez P. , Gazeau J. P.
Published: December 2022

The development of flexible multidigital grippers with both adaptive grasping and in-hand manipulation capabilities remains a complex issue for human-like dexterous manipulation. After four decades of research in dexterous manipulation, many robotic hands have been developed. The evaluation of these hands remains a key challenge. The design of the hand (degree of actuation, number of fingers, and joints) does not guarantee the real behavior of the hand and its performance. For comparison and evaluation purposes, the literature often refers to a potential dexterity, but very rarely provides an evaluation of the real dexterity of these grippers. The RoBioSS hand offers a high level of dexterity with inside-hand manipulation capabilities. In order to characterize the performance of the hand with regard to the state of the art, this article proposes an approach based on the dexterity analysis. It is based on the use of a known reference object and on defined grasps and movements of the object. The results presented allow us to evaluate grasps capabilities and quality of the object's movement inside the hand.
A Modeling and Calibration Method of Heavy-Duty Automated Fiber Placement Robot Considering Compliance and Joint-Dependent Errors
Authors: Xu Xiaokang , Cheng Liang , Guo Yingjie , Li Jiangxiong , Ke Yinglin
Published: December 2022

The accuracy of industrial robots is critical in many manufacturing applications. In this case, a self-developed automated fiber placement heavy-duty robot is used for the lay-up of carbon fiber composite prepregs, which requires high positioning accuracy. The mass of the robot body and end-effector exceeds 3 tons and 1 ton, respectively, resulting in considerable deformation and other errors due to the huge size and mass. Paradoxically, the work that our robot engaged in requires high precision, and the positioning accuracy needs to be less than 0.5 mm. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the robot joint error, so as to improve the accuracy of the robot. A torsional and capsize deformation model for joints is established. In addition, the capsize torque and capsize axis of joint deformation are derived to determine the transformation relationship between joint frames. Chebyshev polynomials are used to describe joint-dependent errors. The Levenberg–Marquarelt (L–M) algorithm was used to identify the error model parameters. The effects of different error factors on the positioning accuracy were compared and analyzed. The validation result shows that the proposed model describes 88.11% of the positioning error, and the average residual error of the calibration can reach 0.132 mm. The identified joint-dependent error and the compliance error are 0.296 mm and 0.240 mm, accounting for 26.67% and 21.62% of the positioning error, respectively.
Association Between Physical Performance Tests and External Load During Scrimmages in Highly Trained Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Byrkjedal Per T. , Bjørnsen Thomas , Luteberget Live S. , Lindberg Kolbjørn , Ivarsson Andreas , Haukali Eirik , Spencer Matt
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between physical performance tests and on-ice external load from simulated games (scrimmages) in ice hockey. Methods: A total of 14 players completed a physical performance test battery consisting of 30-m sprint test—run and 30-m sprint test—skate (including 10-m split times and maximum speed), countermovement jump, standing long jump, bench press, pull-ups, and trap bar deadlift and participated in 4 scrimmages. External load variables from scrimmages included total distance; peak speed; slow (< 11.0 km/h), moderate (11.0–16.9 km/h), high (17.0–23.9 km/h), and sprint (> 24.0 km/h) speed skating distance; number of sprints; PlayerLoad™; number of high-intensity events (> 2.5 m/s); accelerations; decelerations; and changes of direction. Bayesian pairwise correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between physical performance tests and external load performance variables. Results: The results showed strong evidence (Bayes factor > 10) for associations between pull-ups and high-intensity events (τ = .61) and between maximum speed skate and peak speed (τ = .55). There was moderate evidence (Bayes factor >3 to <10) for 6 associations: both maximum speed skate (τ = .44) and countermovement jump (τ = .44) with sprint speed skating distance, countermovement jump with number of sprints (τ = .46), pull-ups with changes of direction (τ = .50), trap bar with peak speed (τ = .45), and body mass with total distance (τ = .49). Conclusion: This study found physical performance tests to be associated with some of the external load variables from scrimmages. Nevertheless, the majority of correlations did not display meaningful associations, possibly being influenced by the selection of physical performance tests.
Glucose Phosphotransferase System Modulates Pyruvate Metabolism, Bacterial Fitness, and Microbial Ecology in Oral Streptococci
Authors: Zeng Lin , Walker Alejandro R. , Burne Robert A. , Taylor Zachary A.
Published: December 2022

Dental caries is underpinned by a dysbiotic microbiome and increased acid production. As beneficial bacteria that can antagonize oral pathobionts, oral streptococci such as
S. sanguinis
and
S. gordonii
can ferment many carbohydrates, despite their relative sensitivity to low pH.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in the 5xfAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dunham Sage J. B. , McNair Katelyn A. , Adams Eric D. , Avelar-Barragan Julio , Forner Stefania , Mapstone Mark , Whiteson Katrine L.
Published: December 2022

Microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract are implicated in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the mediation of inflammation, exchange of small-molecules across the blood-brain barrier, and stimulation of the vagus nerve. Unfortunately, most animal models for AD are housed under conditions that do not reflect real-world human microbial exposure and do not sufficiently account for (or meaningfully consider) variations in the microbiome.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi on an Island: No H58, No Multidrug Resistance, but for How Long?
Authors: Tanmoy Arif Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Little genomic data is available for typhoid fever from island nations, though the disease has a moderately high burden there. Sikorski et al. (M. J. Sikorski, T. H. Hazen, S. N. Desai, S. Nimarota-Brown, et al., mBio 13:e01920-22, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01920-22
) studied 306
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi genomes from the Samoan Islands collected during 1983 to 2020 and reported dominance of a rare genotype, 3.5.4, and no H58 (genotype 4.3.1).
Pheromone Response and Mating Behavior in Fission Yeast
Authors: Seike Taisuke , Niki Hironori
Published: December 2022

Most ascomycete fungi, including the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, secrete two peptidyl mating pheromones: C-terminally modified and unmodified peptides.
S. pombe
has two mating types, plus and minus, which secrete two different pheromones, P-factor (unmodified) and M-factor (modified), respectively. These pheromones are specifically recognized by receptors on the cell surface of cells of opposite mating types, which trigger a pheromone response.