bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Guevara N. Sandra Patricia
Published: March 2020

Las prácticas de privación alimentaria o trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se convierten hoy en día en un problema que es subestimado. No se presta atención frente a cambios o instauración de hábitos desde la niñez, la anorexia o bulimia no son problemas recientes, además que muchos casos llegan en etapas avanzadas que pueden ocasionar hasta la muerte.A propósito del estudio presentado en este volumen, en el que se indica prevalencia baja de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, preocupan los resultados por el número de variables estudiadas, de tipo socioculturales, de autopercepción, así como prácticas de automedicación. En los grupos seleccionados debe ser importante la inclusión del género masculino, sujetos en quienes no obstante se presenta un menor número de casos, no se debe subestimar la importancia del problema.De igual forma es importante mencionar que por aspectos éticos, identificada la problemática, es fundamental la inclusión en programas de apoyo y seguimiento, con el fin de evitar empeoramiento de los síntomas u otras complicaciones.En el momento que se diagnostica el trastorno es relevante la remisión a programas que exigen manejo individualizado y especializado, en razón a que los pacientes presentan limitada adherencia al tratamiento, el cual puede durar varios años, si hay completa recuperación, además de la participación de profesionales calificados para el manejo de los factores etiológicos, en muchos casos relacionados con las dinámicas familiares y de tipo relacional que requieren apoyo psicológico.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo asociados a trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en adolescentes de una institución educativa en Cali, Colombia 2005
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge Martín , Mina Francisco Javier
Published: March 2020

Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son un tema de interés actual para la investigación clínica, epidemiológica y básica. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia y las percepciones de riesgo asociadas a TCA en mujeres adolescentes de una institución educativa en la ciudad de Cali.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional tipo transversal con una muestra de adolescentes procedentes de una institución educativa en Cali, Colombia. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario estructurado para la recolección de la información; se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado empleando intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95% y un nivel de significancia p <0.05; se diferenciaron conductas a nivel individual, familiar y social.Resultados: la edad promedio de las estudiantes fue 13 años, el 7,1% (IC: 95% 3,5% – 10,7%) refirieron vomitar como medida para reducir peso.En las conductas identificadas en sus familiares, el 86,9% (IC: 95% 82,2% – 86,9%) reportó uso de laxantes para adelgazar, mientras en amigos y pares el 15,7% (IC: 95% 10,6% – 20,8%) y el 12,6% (IC: 95%8,0% –17,2%) percibieron inducción al vómito y empleo de pastillas para adelgazar, respectivamente. La prevalencia de riesgo para los TCA fue 3,5%, siendo estadísticamente significativa en las mayores de 15 años y en adolescentes de grados superiores a noveno (p <0,05).Discusión: aunque la prevalencia del riesgo encontrada en esta investigación fue baja respecto a otras, se puede atribuir en parte a razones metodológicas, o porque la edad promedio de estas adolescentes era menor a otros estudios.
Evaluación de una prueba Elisa IgG de avidez para toxoplasma para el diagnóstico en el embarazo y correlación con IgM E IgA en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad del Quindío, 2008
Authors: Torres Morales Elizabeth , Gómez-Marín Jorge Enrique
Published: March 2020

Objetivos: establecer el punto de corte de una prueba ELISA IgG de avidez casera en el Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad del Quindío y correlacionar sus resultados con la fecha de gestación y resultados de IgM e IgA en sueros de pacientes gestantes, analizadas en el laboratorio para establecer el perfil de uso de la prueba.Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron sueros de 17 pacientes con fechas de infección conocidas, para definir la curva receptor operador (ROC) por la prueba ELISA IgG de avidez anti Toxoplasma y 91 sueros de pacientes embarazadas con resultados de pruebas IgM e IgA anti Toxoplasma analizadas en el mismo laboratorio.Resultados: obtuvimos un punto de corte de avidez menor a 30%, lo que permite una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 88% para definir si la infección tenía menos de 4 meses de adquirida. En el segundo grupo, de 91 pacientes, encontramos que el 63% tenía menos de 16 semanas de gestación al momento de la prueba y 3 pacientes tuvieron índices de avidez bajo (<30%). Se observa que a la mayoría de pacientes se les solicitó la prueba antes de la semana 16 de gestación, lo cual es un indicador de buen uso de la prueba.Conclusiones: un punto de corte de 30% para la prueba ELISA de avidez anti Toxoplasma casera en el Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad del Quindío, identifica infecciones de menos de 4 meses de adquirida.
In dogs does low level laser therapy reduce healing time?
Authors: Suiter Emma Jane
Published: March 2020

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Five papers were critically reviewed. Four were randomised controlled trials and one was a case report

Strength of evidence

Moderate

Outcomes reported

Three out of the five studies currently available assessing low level laser therapy to improve wound healing, suggest that low level laser therapy has no beneficial effect on the healing of open or incisional wounds. Of the papers that used statistical analysis, no statistical significance was found in wound surface area over time or tissue histological findings between wounds treated with laser therapy and those who were not. Two papers identified did find decreased wound healing times however the strength of evidence is far poorer for both, with only subjective assessment of the wound in the controlled trial and the other being a case report without control

Conclusion

Currently there is no strong evidence that low level laser therapy increases the speed of wound contracture and reduced healing time. More studies are recommended to provide stronger evidence towards the use of low level laser therapy in wound healing, preferably with a larger population of dogs and with laser settings which are consistent with previous studies for comparison

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Síntesis Y Caracterización Estructural Del Sistema PR3-XEUXBA5CU8O18
Authors: Rojas Cruz Fredy Gonzalo , Parra Borda Julian Andres , Sáchica Castillo Ever Humberto , Cruz Pacheco Andrés Felipe , Segura Peña Sully , Parra Vargas Carlos Arturo
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación describe la síntesis y caracterización del sistema Pr3-XEuXBa5Cu8O18-δ con niveles de modificación (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 y 2.5), mediante el método de síntesis de reacción de estado sólido. Se utilizaron óxidos precursores de Pr6O11, Eu2O3, BaO y CuO con purezas del (99.999 %). Se manejaron temperaturas de calcinación a 850 °C, sinterización a 900°C y oxigenación a 910 °C. La caracterización estructural se determinó por difracción de rayos X (DRX). Se hizo análisis estructural con refinamiento Rietveld en donde se evidencia la coexistencia de dos fases TR358 y TR123, se obtienen los parámetros de red y se logra una estructura cristalina tipo perovskita-ortorrómbica con grupo espacial Pmmm (47). Se concluyó que el aumento del nivel de modificación X con Eu en el sistema Pr3-XEuXBa5Cu8O18-δ tiene gran incidencia en la composición porcentual de las fases y en los parámetros estructurales. El aumento o la disminución del valor de los parámetros de red en la estructura 358 y 123 se ven afectada por la mezcla de estados de oxidación del Pr con los de Eu, originando el cambio del tamaño de la celda.
Ensilaje liquido de residuos de durazno (Prunus pérsica) como alternativa en alimentación animal
Authors: Saavedra Montañez Gabriel Fernando , Borras Sandoval Luis Miguel , Cala Guerrero Deisy Carolina
Published: March 2020

Se evaluó el valor composicional y presencia de microorganismos en ensilaje líquido de durazno (Prunus pérsica). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2*2. Se determinaron cuatro tratamientos con dos porcentajes de inclusión de melaza y sulfato de Amonio: T1 (10% melaza – 1% SAM), T2 (10% melaza – 3% SAM), T3 (20% melaza – 1% SAM) y T4 (20% melaza – 2% SAM), con tres repeticiones. Se almacenaron entre 17 y 19°C. Se realizó caracterización físico-química del fruto, se tomaron valores de pH, análisis composicional y crecimiento microbiológico, se determinó morfología bacteriana en agar sangre y agar MacConkey. La evaluación organoléptica del ensilaje final se establece como BUENO según características fermentativas. El valor de proteína aumento en cada uno de los tratamientos conforme disminuía el valor de pH, asociada a altos crecimientos microbiales mejorando la proteína verdadera del alimento. Hubo crecimiento de colonias blanquecinas y lisas en Agar sangre con predominio de formas bacilares Gram + y Gram –. En Agar MacConkey crecieron colonias de color rosado – superficie lisa solo el día 0.

El ensilaje líquido de durazno con la adicción de SAM aumenta los valores de proteína; y la adición de melaza mejora los parámetros fermentativos como estabilidad del pH.
Los conceptos de simpatía y humanitarismo en la filosofía moral de David Hume
Authors: Gelvez Carlos Ruben , Rojas Claros Armando
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analizan los dos principios rectores de la filosofía moral de Hume, la simpatía y el humanitarismo, expuestos en sus dos obras principales, el Tratado de la naturaleza humana y la Investigación sobre los principios de la moral. Dicho análisis permite dar cuenta del cambio de principio que sustenta el acto moral efectuado por el filósofo entre sus dos obras, hecho que modifica sensiblemente la teoría moral allí desarrollada. Concretamente, encontramos que la simpatía requiere un entramado teórico de justificación y corrección de los sentimientos egoístas (el cual es también aquí analizado), que el humanitarismo, principio cuya sencillez y “naturalidad”, según observa el propio Hume, no sólo amplía el alcance del acto moral al evitar apelar exclusivamente al yo,  cosa que de paso posibilita el acercamiento del sujeto moral a sentimientos que aquí nos atrevemos a llamar “políticamente más correctos”, sino que además le evita al filósofo ajustar ese gran entramado teórico que requiere la corrección de la simpatía. Entramado que en la Investigación sobre los principios de la moral Hume abandona completamente.
A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Associations between Gut Microbiota and Celiac Disease
Authors: García-Santisteban Iraia , Cilleros-Portet Ariadna , Moyua-Ormazabal Elisabet , Kurilshikov Alexander , Zhernakova Alexandra , Garcia-Etxebarria Koldo , Fernandez-Jimenez Nora , Bilbao Jose Ramon
Published: March 2020

Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex immune-mediated inflammatory condition triggered by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Literature suggests that alterations in gut microbiota composition and function precede the onset of CeD. Considering that microbiota is partly determined by host genetics, we speculate that the genetic makeup of CeD patients could elicit disease development through alterations in the intestinal microbiota. To evaluate potential causal relationships between gut microbiota and CeD, we performed a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization analysis (2SMR). Exposure data were obtained from the raw results of a previous Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of gut microbiota, and outcome data from summary statistics of CeD GWAS and Immunochip studies. We have identified a number of putative associations between gut microbiota SNPs associated with CeD. Regarding bacterial composition, most of the associated SNPs are related to Firmicutes phylum, whose relative abundance has been previously reported to be altered in CeD patients. In terms of functional units, we have linked a number of SNPs to several bacterial metabolic pathways that seem to be related to CeD. Overall, this study represents the first 2SMR approach to elucidate the relationship between microbiome and CeD.
AN ANALYSIS OF LECTURER TALK DURING TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Jubaidah Siti , Rusfandi Rusfandi
Published: March 2020

Researching teacher talk during teaching and learning process of English is essential because it offers practical implications for the improvement of teaching and learning process.  However, there are still few studies which try to compare types of talk used by lecturers who teach content and skill subjects. This research investigates the types and the dominant types of lecturer talk during the teaching and learning process at an English Education Department. The participants were two English lecturers at a private University in Malang who taught Vocabulary (skill subject) and Poetry (content subject) classes. The researchers used an audio recorder to record the utterances by the lecturers. The data were analyzed qualitatively by using FIAC (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category). The types of lecturer talk produced by the lecturer who taught Vocabulary were Ask question, Give direction, Give lecture, Accept or use students’ idea, Praise or encourage, and Criticize or justify authority. The types of lecturer talk produced by the lecturer who taught Poetry were Give lecture, Ask question, Accept or use students’ idea, Give direction, Praise or encourage, and Criticize or justify authority. The most dominant types of talk produced by the lecturer who taught Vocabulary were Ask question and Give direction but Give lecture was the most dominant types of talk produced by the lecturer who taught Poetry. This finding indicates that types of course taught by lecturers affect the kinds of talk produced by the lecturers.
Pengaruh Penambahan Natrium Benzoat dan Suhu Penyimpan Terhadap Mutu Minuman Herbal Cabe Jamu Cair
Authors: Ulya Millatul , Aronika Nadiyah Ferah , Hidayat Khoirul
Published: March 2020

Minuman herbal cabe jamu cair merupakan inovasi produk baru yang masih perlu dikaji tentang metode pengawetannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap mutu minuman herbal cabe jamu cair. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor yaitu pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat (0 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm) dan suhu penyimpanan (35 dan 45 °C). Hasil analysis of variance menunjukkan konsentrasi natrium benzoat berpengaruh nyata (P kurang dari 0,05) terhadap total padatan terlarut (TPT), warna dan total mikroba. Suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata (Pkurang dari 0,05) terhadap total padatan terlarut (TPT), warna, dan total mikroba. Interaksi antara konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata (P kurang dari 0,05) terhadap total padatan terlarut (TPT).Kata Kunci: Cabe jamu, natrium benzoat, suhu penyimpanan, mutuEffect of Sodium Benzonate Addition and Storage Temperature on Quality of Piper Retrofractum Vahl Liquid Herbal DrinkABSTRACTPiper retrofractum vahl liquid herbal drink is an innovation of new products need to research about the method. This research aims to determine the effect of sodium benzoate addition and storage temperature on quality of piper retrofractum vahl liquid herbal drink. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the effect of sodium benzoate concentration (0 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm) and storage temperature (35°C and 45°C). The results analysis of variance shows that the concentration of sodium benzoate has a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on total dissolved solids (TDS), color and total microbes. Storage temperature has a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on total dissolved solids (TDS), color and total microbes. The interaction between sodium benzoate concentration and storage temperature was a significant effect (P less than 0.05) to total dissolved solids (TDS).Keywords: piper retrofractum vahl, sodium benzoate, storage temperature, quality .
Implementasi Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process dalam Pemilihan Radar Udara 3D
Authors: Setiawan Arifin , Ananto Wiedo , Soehartanto Totok
Published: March 2020

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seseorang senantiasa dihadapkan pada pilihan dari berbagai pilihan, terkait proses pengambilan keputusan diperlukan penentuan prioritas dan uji konsistensi terhadap pilihan-pilihan yang telah dilakukan. Dalam situasi yang kompleks, pengambilan keputusan tidak dipengaruhi oleh satu faktor saja melainkan multifaktor dan mencakup berbagai jenjang maupun kepentingan. Pengambilan keputusan oleh para pimpinan seringkali dihadapkan pada permasalahan yang sulit karena beragamnya kriteria pengambilan keputusan, bobot pertimbangan dan pilihan alternatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan keputusan secara Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Metode Analytical Hierrchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk mencari rangking atau urutan prioritas dari berbagai alternatif dalam pemecahan suatu permasalahan. Metode ini membantu dalam memecahkan persoalan yang kompleks dengan menstruktur suatu hirarki kriteria, pihak yang berkepentingan, dan hasil dengan menarik berbagai pertimbangan guna mengembangkan bobot atau prioritas. KRI sebagai bagian dari alutsista TNI AL, seluruhnya menggunakan Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) yang berfungsi sebagai peralatan deteksi sasaran, baik sasaran permukaan maupun sasaran udara. Radar bekerja dengan memancarkan dan menerima kembali gelombang elektromagnetik untuk selanjutnya diproses menjadi sinyal video yang kemudian ditampilkan sebagai echo pada layar display. (Skolnik, 2001) Penelitian ini didasari oleh permasalahan belum optimalnya cara kerja Radar 3D pada KRI Kelas Bung Tomo (MRLF-Multi Role Light Fregate). Permasalahan ini berdampak pada kemampuan operasional KRI, sehingga diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut dengan cara membandingkan karakteristik statik, keandalan dan kompleksitas Radar Udara 3D Smart S MK2, MW-08 dan AWS-09. Hasil akhir adalah Radar Udara 3D Smart S MK2 merupakan Radar Udara terbaik untuk KRI Kelas Bung Tomo karena memiliki keunggulan dalam jarak jangkau dan sensitivitas.
Blood potassium level associated with recovery of post-operative gastrointestinal motility during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patient undergoing open abdominal surgery
Authors: Yang P Yi , Yao Xin-Er , Yang Jing-Juan , Cui Yu , Lang Xia-Bing , Wu BS Bin-Bin , Wu BS Feng-Feng , Zhang P Ping , Yuan BS Jing , Chen Jiang-Hua
Published: March 2020

Background: The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential therapeutic goal of blood potassium level beneficial to the post-operative recovery of gastrointestinal motility during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patient undergoing open abdominal surgery.

Methods: 538 critically ill patients after open abdominal surgery and receiving CRRT were retrospectively recruited as the study cohort. Demographic and clinical data including plasma potassium levels were recorded along with evaluation of post-operative gastrointestinal motility. The median of first gastrointestinal motility recovery time was 4 days of the present study cohort, and we used gastrointestinal motility recovery during 4-day period and un-recovery at 4 days after the completion of surgery as the primary endpoints.

Results: The received operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the post-operative blood potassium level during CRRT was significantly associated with the recovery of gastrointestinal motility (AUC = 0.72, p<0.001), and plasma potassium concentration at the cut-off point of the ROC curve was 4.00 mmol/L. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that compared with the patients with insufficient blood potassium level (plasma potassium concentration < 4.00mmol/L), those with sufficient level (plasma potassium concentration ≥4.00mmol/L) had higher rate of 4-day post-operative recovery of gastrointestinal motility (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the post-operative blood potassium level was independently associated with the recovery of gastrointestinal motility, patients with a sufficient blood potassium level conferred an increase in the rate of 4-day post-operative recovery of gastrointestinal motility (OR= 4.36, 95% CI 2.92-6.52, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Our data indicated that keeping the blood potassium concentration at a relative high level of the regular blood potassium range during CRRT, would be beneficial to post-operative recovery of gastrointestinal motility, and eventually implied the potential therapeutic goal of blood potassium level for the recovery of post-operative gastrointestinal motility during CRRT in critically ill patient undergoing open abdominal surgery.
Effect of tetrandrine combined with arsenic trioxide on stem cells of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Guo Yubo , Fan Yingyi , Wu Ruixian , Pei Xiaohua
Published: March 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square.
Oxytocin Receptor Gene, Childhood Maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder Features among Male Inmates in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Na , Chen Haocheng , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2020

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is caused by a variety of biological and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk environmental factor in the development of BPD, but research on the genetic pathology of BPD is still in its early stages, and very little is known about the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. The purpose of this study is to further explore the interactive effects between OXTR gene polymorphisms and childhood maltreatment on BPD risk.
Methods: Among the 1804 male inmates, 765 inmates who had BPD or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or highly impulsive or violent crime were considered as high-risk inmates and included in this study. Childhood maltreatment, BPD, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and impulsivity were measured by self-reported questionnaires. Peripheral venous blood was collected for the genotype test.
Results: Analyses revealed that the BP group (inmates with BPD features) had higher rs53576 AA genotype frequency and rs237987 AA genotype frequency than the non-BP group, while the statistical significances were lost after Bonferroni correction. Total childhood maltreatment score, emotional abuse and neglect could positively predict BPD risk. Among the high-risk samples, rs53576 GG genotype carriers had higher BPD scores at higher levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse and had lower BPD scores at lower levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that the interaction between OXTR gene variations and childhood maltreatment is an important mechanism for the development of BPD. The moderating role of the OXTR gene provides evidence for gene plasticity.
The effect of oxytocin vaginal gel on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zohrabi Ilnaz , Abedi Parvin , Ansari Somayeh , Maraghi Elham , Maram Nader Shakiba , Houshmand Gholamreza
Published: March 2020

Background: Around 90% of postmenopausal women are suffering from vaginal atrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxytocin vaginal gel on vaginal atrophy among postmenopausal women.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 96 postmenopausal women who suffered from vaginal atrophy. The inclusion criteria were: literate women, age 40-60, at least one year passed from their last menstrual period or the level of FSH>40IU, monogamous women with the sexual relationship. Women in the intervention group, requested to use one applicator of 400 IU oxytocin gel per night and women in the placebo group used placebo each night. The subjective symptoms of vaginal atrophy, vaginal PH, maturation index were measured before and after the intervention.
Results: The number of superficial cells was increased significantly in the oxytocin group compared to placebo (38.7±7.18 vs. 3.69±2.76, p=0.0001), while the number of parabasal cells was decreased significantly in the oxytocin compared to placebo after the intervention. The improvement of the maturation index was more dominant in the oxytocin group (increased from 7.76±4.68 to 52.48±7.54) in comparison to the placebo group (increased from 8.58±4.35 to 13.25±5.06). The PH of the vagina decreased significantly in the oxytocin group in comparison to the placebo group (p=0.0001). After eight weeks, 88.6% and 7.1% of women in the oxytocin and placebo groups did not show the severe symptoms of vaginal atrophy (p=0.001)
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eight- week intervention with oxytocin vaginal gel (400 IU) could significantly improve the vaginal maturation index, subjective symptoms of vaginal atrophy and reduce the PH of the vagina. Using this medication in women who have a contraindication for hormone therapy is recommended.
Keywords: oxytocin; vaginal atrophy; postmenopausal women
Trial registration number: IRCT20160602028220N2
The significance of resilience in mental health promotion of marriage immigrant women: A qualitative study of factors and processes
Authors: Jo Yeonjae
Published: March 2020

Background: This study explores a series of processes in which marriage immigrant women achieve positive mental health status after experiencing various marriage- and migrant-related difficulties through the framework of resilience theory. As marriage immigrant women face greater barriers to public health services than non-immigrant women, it is necessary to understand the related factors, process, and context to address these barriers and strengthen available assets.
Methods: A qualitative case study design was used with the phenomenological approach. Eleven mental health promotion program managers and twelve marriage immigrant women from who experienced resilience were recruited from four public-funded multicultural community centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, between December 2015 and March 2016. Using data from in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews, the author applied theme analysis informed by the resilience theory in order to identify factors that affect resilience and its development process.
Results: Findings indicated that the process of resilience follows enduring difficulties, collapse of stability, access to professional help, professional and social support, and experience of growth. A combination of the staged process of growth, absence of partner support, children as a driving force for change, the need for economic activity, factors affecting difference in growth: satisfaction levels of women’s need for recognition, respect, and reward, and level of spousal support were identified as factors affecting marriage immigrant women’s resilience.
Conclusions: Spouses, children, and economic activity play key roles in resilience in positive and negative ways. The existing information barrier should be addressed at a structural level to improve the mental health of marriage immigrant women, and the optimum time for intervention is suggested within two years post-migration. Efforts to build supportive relationships with Korean spouses and meet the women’s needs for recognition, respect, and reward may also help promote these women’s resilience.
Keywords: marriage immigrant women; women’s health; mental health; access to service; resilience theory; qualitative research
Physical activity in paid work time for desk-based employees: a qualitative study of employers’ and employees’ perspectives
Authors: Ryde Gemma , Atkinson Patricia , Stead Martine , Gorely Trish , Evans Josie
Published: March 2020

Background: Poor physical and mental health of employees create significant problems in the workplace. Physical activity (PA) has been shown as an effective strategy for preventing and treating numerous physical and mental health issues as well as work performance outcomes. However, there are many barriers to taking part in PA (such as lack of time) with participation rates typically low. Providing PA in paid work time might be a way to overcome these issues, yet employers’ and employees’ opinions of this concept are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore employee and employer perspectives of PA in paid work time. Methods: Workplaces were recruited through existing contacts on the research team. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with employees and managers at one University and two executive non-departmental public bodies in central Scotland with mainly desk-based employees. Both managers and employees were involved to gain perspectives throughout the organisational hierarchy and were interviewed separately to reduce social desirably bias. All discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed thematically for both managers and employees but due to significant overlap in themes between the groups, these are reported together in the results.Results: Three out of five organisations approached took part in this qualitative study. Two individual interviews were held with strategic managers, five focus groups with middle managers (n=16) and nine with employees (n=45). Benefits were anticipated by managers and employees for both employees themselves and the organisation and included improved mental health, productivity and more favourable perceptions of the employer. Despite these widely acknowledged benefits, significant barriers were identified and included the structure and nature of the working day (high workload, front line job requirements), workplace culture and norms (resentment from colleagues, no break culture) and organisational concerns (cost of lost time, public perceptions). Conclusion: This study suggests that there are significant barriers to PA in paid work time. Whilst numerous anticipated benefits were conveyed by both employees and managers, PA in paid work time is unlikely to become common place until changes in attitudes and the culture towards movement at work occur.
The Need for a Telemedicine Strategy for Botswana? A Scoping Review and Situational Assessment.
Authors: Ncube Benson , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E
Published: March 2020

Background Health, healthcare, and healthcare system problems within the developing world are well recognised. eHealth, the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for health, is frequently suggested as one means by which to ameliorate such problems. However, to identify and implement the most appropriate ehealth solutions requires development of a thoughtful and broadly evidence-informed strategy. Most published strategies focus on health informatics solutions, neglecting the potential for other aspects of ehealth (telehealth, telemedicine, elearning, and ecommerce). This study examined the setting in Botswana to determine the need for a telemedicine-specific strategy.Methods A situational assessment of ehealth activities in Botswana was performed through a scoping review of the scientific and grey literature using specified search terms, an interview with the project manager of the major mhealth stakeholder, and benchtop review of policies and other relevant Government documents including the country’s current draft eHealth Strategy.Results Thirty-nine papers were reviewed. Various ehealth technologies have been applied within Botswana. These include Skype for educational activities, instant messaging (WhatsApp for telepathology; SMS for transmission of laboratory test results, patient appointment reminders, and invoicing and bill payment), and robotics for dermatopathology. In addition health informatics technologies have been used for surveillance, monitoring, and access to information by healthcare workers. The number of distinct health information systems has been reduced from 37 to 12, and 9 discrete EMRs remain active within the public health institutions. Many infrastructural issues were identified. A critical assessment of the current draft ehealth strategy document for Botswana showed limitations. Many telemedicine services have been introduced over the years (addressing cervical cancer screening, teledermatology, teleradiology, oral medicine and eye screening), but only one project was confirmed to be active and being scaled up with the intervention of the Government.Conclusions Botswana’s draft ‘ehealth’ strategy will not, in and of itself, nurture innovative growth in the application of telemedicine initiatives, which currently are fragmented and stalled. This lack of focus is preventing telemedicine’s recognised potential from being leveraged. A specific Telemedicine Strategy, aligned with and supportive of the pre-existing ehealth strategy, would provide the necessary focus, stimulus, and guidance.
Analysis of Causes of Death Among Brought-in-Dead Cases in a Third-Level Hospital in Lusaka, Republic of Zambia, Using the Tariff Method 2.0 for Verbal Autopsy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yokobori Yuta , Matsuura Jun , Sugiura Yasuo , Mutemba Charles , Nyahoda Martin , Mwango Chomba , Kazhumbula Lloyd , Yuasa Motoyuki , Chiluba Clarence
Published: March 2020

Background: Over one third of deaths in Zambian health facilities involve someone who has already died before arrival (i.e., Brough in Dead), and in most BiD cases, the CoD have not been fully analyzed. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the function of automated VA based on the Tariff Method 2.0 to identify the CoD among the BiD cases and the usefulness by comparing the data on the death notification form. Methods: The target site was one third-level hospital in the Republic of Zambia’s capital city. All BiD cases who reached the target health facility from January to August 2017 were included. The deceased’s closest relatives were interviewed using a structured VA questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the SmartVA to determine the CoD at the individual and population level. The CoD were compared with description on the death notification forms by using t-test and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results: 1378 and 209 cases were included for persons aged 13 years and older (Adult) and those aged 1 month to 13 years old (Child), respectively. The top CoD for Adults were infectious diseases followed by non-communicable diseases and that for Child were infectious diseases, followed by accidents. The proportion of cases with a determined CoD was significantly higher when using the SmartVA (75% for Adult and 67% for Child) than the death notification form (61%). A proportion (42.7% for Adult and 46% for Child) of the CoD-determined cases matched in both sources, with a low concordance rate for Adult (kappa coefficient = 0.1385) and a good for Child(kappa coefficient = 0.635). Conclusions: The CoD of the BiD cases were successfully analyzed using the SmartVA for the first time in Zambia. While there many erroneous descriptions on the death notification form, the SmartVA could determine the CoD among more BiD cases. Since the information on the death notification form is reflected in the national vital statistics, more accurate and complete CoD data are required. In order to strengthen the death registration system with accurate CoD, it will be useful to embed the SmartVA in Zambia’s health information system.
Cultural adaptation of the mental health first aid guidelines for depression used in English-speaking countries for China: a Delphi expert consensus study
Authors: Lu Shurong , Li Wenjing , Oldenburg Brian , Wang Yan , Jorm Anthony , He Yanling , Reavley Nicola
Published: March 2020

Background: Most people who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of depression in China do not receive treatment. Family and friends can play a role in recognising the signs of depression and encouraging the person to seek treatment. However, many of them may lack the knowledge and skills to offer such help. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the existing English-language mental health first aid (MHFA) guidelines for helping a person with depression to the Chinese context. Methods: A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted, in which two Chinese expert panels of mental health professionals (with experience in the field of clinical management of depression, n = 37) and consumers and carers (with lived experience, n = 30) rated the importance of actions that could be taken to help a person experiencing depression in mainland China. Results: Data were collected over 3 survey rounds. In the 1st round questionnaire, 175 statements translated into Chinese from the English-language guidelines were presented to the expert panels and 12 new statements were generated from panellists’ comments. Of these 187 statements, 173 were endorsed for inclusion in the adapted guidelines for China. Conclusions: Although the adapted guidelines were still quite similar to the guidelines for English-speaking countries, they also incorporated some new actions for the Chinese context, including those relating to different ways of respecting the autonomy of a person with depression and the role of their families. Further research is needed to explore the use of these guidelines by the Chinese public, including how they may be incorporated in Mental Health First Aid training.
Does zero-profile anchored cage accompanied by a higher postoperative subsidence compared with cage-plate construct? A meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Yingjie , Fang Yuepeng , Shen Xu , Lu Dongdong , Zhou Liyu , Gan Minfeng , Zhu Xuesong
Published: March 2020

Background: The zero-profile anchored cage ( ZP ) has been widely used for its lower occurrence of dysphagia. However, it is still controversial whether it has the same stability as the cage-plate construct (CP) and increases the incidence of postoperative subsidence. We compared the rate of subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with ZP and CP to determine whether the zero-profile device had a higher subsidence rate. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of studies that compared the subsidence rates of ZP and CP. An extensive and systematic search covered the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA guidelines and identified ten articles that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and radiological data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Ten trials involving 626 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of postoperative subsidence in the ZP group was significantly higher than that in the CP group [15.1% (89/588) vs. 8.8% (51/581), OR = 1.97 (1.34, 2.89), P = 0.0005]. In the subgroup analysis, we found that the definition of subsidence did not affect the higher subsidence rate in the ZP group. Considering the quantity of operative segments, there was no significant difference in the incidence of subsidence between the two groups after single-level fusion (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.61-3.37, P = 0.41). However, the subsidence rate of the ZP group was significantly higher than that of the CP group (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.55-4.40, P = 0.0003) after multilevel (≥2-level) procedures. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, JOA score, NDI score, fusion rate or cervical alignment in the final follow-up between the two groups. In addition, the CP group had a longer operation time and a higher incidence of dysphagia than the ZP group at each follow-up time. Conclusion: Based on the limited evidence, we suggest that ZP has a higher risk of postoperative subsidence than CP, although with elevated swallowing discomfort. A high-quality, multi-center randomized controlled trial is required to validate our results in the future.
Earthquake-related stressors associated with suicidality, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in adolescents from Muisne after the earthquake 2016 in Ecuador
Authors: Gerstner Rebekka M F , Lara-Lara Fernando , Vasconez Eduardo , Viscor Ginés , Jarrin Juan D. , Ortiz-Prado Esteban
Published: March 2020

Background:The Ecuadorian earthquake in April 16th was the second strongest and deadliest in 2016 worldwide, with approximately one million people affected. In this paper, we analyzed the psychological impact and the relationship between mental health events and various earthquake-related stressors related to the earthquake, nine months after the event. Methods:We conducted an analytical cross‑sectional study, applying an anonymous survey to 316 adolescents (13-19 years old) from Muisne, Ecuador. Suicidal tendency, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress (PTSD) were evaluated via the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, Okasha Suicidality Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the adapted seven-questions earthquake-related stressors survey. Results:We found a high prevalence of suicidal ideations and behavior, posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety compared to international studies. Even though adolescents currently living in shelters had higher levels of anxiety, their suicidal tendency was significantly lower than those living in their own or their relatives’ home. Finally, the earthquake-related stressors were not associated with suicidality and mental health events, with the exception of economic damage suffered by the family. Conclusions:High levels of depression, post-traumatic stress and anxiety among high-school students were found, especially among those who have suffered serious economic damage. The economic impact in their families and high unemployment rates among their parents seems to be related to lack of hope and favorable perspectives for their future, situation that might lead to lead to emotional disturbances and psychological disorders. Although prolonged homelessness experience in shelters may be a stressful occurrence, might also be related with spiritual growth among adolescents, and may work as a protective factor against suicidal ideations and attempts.
In vitro and In vivo recombination of heterologous modules for improving biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast
Authors: Qi Dan-Dan , Jin Jin , Liu Duo , Jia Bin , Yuan Ying-Jin
Published: March 2020

Background : Astaxanthin is a kind of tetraterpene and has strong antioxygenic property. Concerning the safety and economy issue the biosynthesis of astaxanthin has greater potential than chemical synthesis and extraction from natural producers. However, the production of astaxanthin in microorganisms is still limited by the poor efficiency of the heterologous pathway. Results: To address the bottleneck of astaxanthin yield in microbes, we developed the in vitro and in vivo recombination methods to optimize the combination of heterologous modules of β-carotene ketolase ( crtW ) and hydroxylase ( crtZ ) from different species in engineered yeast strains. Finally, the astaxanthin yield of in vitro recombination and in vivo recombination were enhanced 2.11- to 8.51-fold and 3.05- to 9.71-fold compared to the parent strains, respectively. The highest astaxanthin producing yeast yQDD022 was obtained by the in vivo recombination with 6.05 mg/g DCW of the astaxanthin yield. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the astaxanthin producing yeast of the in vivo recombination has higher efficiency and stability than that of the in vitro recombination. Conclusions: Recombination of heterologous modules by in vitro and in vivo provides a simple and efficient way to improve the astaxanthin yield in yeast. Both the in vitro and in vivo recombination methods enable high-throughput screening of heterologous pathways by combining crtW and crtZ from different species. And the heterologous pathway constructed by the in vivo recombination is more stable than that of the in vitro recombination. This study not only found the underlying optimal combination of crtZ and crtW , but also provided a reference to greatly enhance desired compounds accumulation by evolving heterologous pathways.
Associated factors of poor treatment outcomes in patients with giant cell arteritis: clinical implication of large vessel lesions
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Uchida Haruhito A , Yoshifuji Hajime , Watanabe Yoshiko , Amiya Eisuke , Maejima Yasuhiro , Konishi Masanori , Murakawa Yohko , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Furuta Shunsuke , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Komagata Yoshinori , Naniwa Taio , Okazaki Takahiro , Tanaka Yoshiya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Arimura Yoshihiro , Harigai Masayoshi , Isobe Mitsuaki
Published: March 2020

Background

Relapses frequently occur in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapy, and identification of associated factors with poor treatment outcomes is relevant to adjust treatment appropriately.

Methods

We enrolled 139 newly-diagnosed GCA patients treated with glucocorticoids between 2007 and 2014 in a retrospective, multi-center registry. Patients were diagnosed with temporal artery biopsy, 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, or large-vessel lesions (LVLs) detected by imaging based on the modified classification criteria. Poor treatment outcomes (non-achievement of clinical remission by week 24 or relapse during 52 weeks) were evaluated. Clinical remission was defined as absence of clinical signs and symptoms in cranial and large-vessel areas, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. A patient was determined to have relapse if he/she had either one of the signs and symptoms that newly appeared or worsened after achieving clinical remission. Re-elevation of CRP without clinical manifestations was considered as relapse if other causes such as infection were excluded and the treatment was intensified. Associated factors with poor treatment outcomes were analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Cranial lesions, PMR, and LVLs were detected in 77.7%, 41.7%, and 52.5% of the enrolled patients, respectively. Treatment outcomes were evaluated in 119 newly-diagnosed patients who were observed for more than 24 weeks. The mean initial dose of prednisolone was 0.76 mg/kg/day, and 29.4% received any concomitant immunosuppressive drugs at baseline. Overall, 41 (34.5%) of the 119 patients had poor treatment outcomes; 13 did not achieve clinical remission by week 24, and 28 had relapse after achieving clinical remission. Cumulative rates of the events of poor treatment outcomes in patients with and without LVLs were 47.5% and 17.7%, respectively. A multivariable model showed the presence of LVLs at baseline was significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.54, 95% CI 1.52-8.24, p=0.003). Cranial lesions and PMR did not increase the risk of poor treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Initial treatment intensity in treatment algorithm of GCA could be determined based upon the presence or absence of LVLs detected by imaging at baseline.