bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe Airway Edema Following Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA) Injection Augmentation
Authors: Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Raskin Jonathan , Khan Sana , Mehdizadeh Omid B
Published: September 2022

This case study presents an abnormal complication after routine injection augmentation using calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) vocal fold filler in-office on a 73-year-old female. The patient presented initially with severe dysphonia, hypophonia, and a past surgical history of total thyroidectomy, bilateral neck dissection, and a right lateral neck dissection for history of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. She also had a past medical history of hypothyroidism. Post-injection of CaHA, the patient developed severe laryngeal edema, limited vocal cord mobility, obliteration of the pyriform, and a significantly reduced airway aperture requiring intensive care monitoring. Although uncommon, injectable fillers can result in complications which can be severe. Careful technique, the volume of injectate, and hypersensitivity should be considered in reducing complications following injection augmentation. There are multiple injection techniques to consider. The most direct approach is with direct laryngoscopy to allow for visualization of glottic incompetence. A smaller slotted laryngoscope can be considered for vocal fold injection as an alternative and without endotracheal intubation. Although these techniques allow for injection, real-time assessment of vocal fold closure is done in an awake patient. Therefore, laryngeal injection can be considered via percutaneous, per-oral, and trans-nasal approaches.
Two Extremely Rare Case of Carcinosarcoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Gozgec Elif , Ogul Hayri , Ceylan Onur
Published: September 2022

Carcinosarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CCPA), also known as true mixed malignant tumor, is an extremely rare high-grade aggressive tumor. The histopathologic examination is the gold standard for diagnosis and radiologic imaging also plays an important role. CCPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors when there are findings suggestive of malignancy such as necrosis and diffusion limitation on imaging.
Neoliberalism and Post-Truth: Expertise and the Market Model
Authors: Strassheim Jan
Published: September 2022

Contrary to widespread assumptions, post-truth politicians formally adopt a rhetoric of ‘truth’ but turn it against established experts. To explain one central factor behind this destructive strategy and its success with voters, I consider Walter Lippmann and Friedrich Hayek, who from 1922 onwards helped develop and popularize a political rhetoric of ‘truth’ in terms of scientific expertise. In Hayek’s influential version, market economics became the crucial expert field. Consequently, the 2008 financial crisis impacted attitudes towards experts more generally. But even sweeping rejection of experts continues to use the rhetoric, by now dominant, of expert truth. Paradoxically, this bipartisan language fuels division as opponents accuse each other of disregarding ‘truth itself’. Against the underlying metaphysics of context-free ‘facts’, John Dewey and Alfred Schutz recommend understanding truth as ‘presumptive’ knowledge produced within human practices, which can be robust but requires a readiness to engage in pluralistic and open-ended processes of (re-)contextualization.
Current perspectives on irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review
Authors: Hojo Mariko , Nagahara Akihito
Published: September 2022

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not yet been fully elucidated. We reviewed articles addressing IBS that have been published in the last 2 years and selected papers related to IBS pathophysiology and treatment. Studies of intestinal bacteria, low-grade mucosal inflammation, and increased mucosal permeability—factors involved in the pathophysiology of IBS—have been conducted. In addition, the involvement of intestinal bacteria in IBS pathology has been clarified; many studies of treatments related to intestinal bacteria have been reported. Moreover, several studies address the effect on IBS of antidepressants and psychotherapy through the brain–gut axis. The contents of these papers are described in this narrative review.
Ultrasound findings in neonates with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins: report of two cases
Authors: Lin Yan-bing , Xia Bei , Cao Juan , Tang Zi-Jian
Published: September 2022

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare congenital pulmonary disease that affects newborns. Most patients with ACDMPV are born at full term and are healthy. The main clinical manifestations are refractory pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary failure with gastrointestinal, urinary, or cardiac malformations. ACDMPV often progresses rapidly, but no conventional biological or imaging tests other than genetic testing are available for its diagnosis. Lung biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosis. We herein report two cases of ACDMPV confirmed by pathological examination and discuss their ultrasonographic findings.
How do people distribute their attention while observing The Night Watch?
Authors: de Winter Joost C. F. , Dodou Dimitra , Tabone Wilbert
Published: September 2022

This study explored how people look at The Night Watch (1642), Rembrandt's masterpiece. Twenty-one participants each stood in front of the painting for 5 min, while their eyes were recorded with a mobile eye-tracker and their thoughts were verbalized with a think-aloud method. We computed a heatmap of the participants’ attentional distribution using a novel markerless mapping method. The results showed that the participants’ attention was mainly directed at the faces of the two central figures, the bright mascot girl in the painting, and detailed elements such as the apparel of the key figures. The eye-movement analysis and think-aloud data also showed that participants’ attention shifted from the faces of the key figures to other elements of the scene over the course of the 5 min. Our analyses are consistent with the theory that Rembrandt used light and texture to capture the viewer's attention. Finally, the robustness of the eye-tracking method was demonstrated by replicating the study on a smaller replica.
Reassessing the camp/prison dichotomy: New directions in geographic research on confinement
Authors: Asoni Ettore
Published: September 2022

What separates camps and prisons as distinct institutions of confinement? This question has important implications for geographic research, and particularly for current and potential intersections between “camp studies” and other contiguous fields in geography. Here, I conceptualize camps and prisons as historical formations, whose distinction varies at specific junctures. I compare confinement sites in reference to their temporal equilibriums and changes over time, so as to highlight possible convergences among them. To demonstrate my argument, I take legal developments concerning the Guantánamo Bay detention camp as an empirical reference point, and I examine the camp’s progressive normalization within the US carceral circuit.
Gig Work and the Pandemic: Looking for Good Pay from Bad Jobs During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Reynolds Jeremy , Kincaid Reilly
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 led to work hour reductions and layoffs for many Americans with wage/salary jobs. Some gig work, however, which is usually considered precarious, remained available. We examine whether people doing gig microtasks right before the pandemic increased their microtask hours during COVID-19 and whether those changes helped them financially. Using data from workers on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform from February, March, and April of 2020, we find that roughly one third of existing workers increased their microtask hours. Increases were larger for people who lost household income or wage/salary hours. Spending more time on microtasks, however, did little to help workers financially. Furthermore, the people most reliant on microtasks before the pandemic had worse financial outcomes than others. In short, even though microtask work might seem like a good way for people to recoup lost income during the pandemic, it was of limited utility even for the experienced workers in our sample.
Understanding fish waste management using bibliometric analysis: A supply chain perspective
Authors: Sultan Farook Abdullah , Routroy Srikanta , Thakur Maitri
Published: September 2022

Food loss and waste have become an issue of global significance, considering their concurrent effects on the socioeconomic and environmental facet of society. Despite this domain gaining prolific attention recently, issues hampering the effective utilization of residues from fish processing usually go unidentified in developing economies such as India. This occurs mainly owing to fragmented supply chains, inappropriate handling, discontinuous cold chains, inadequate temperature monitoring and so on, affecting quality and causing underuse. Any researcher trying to understand the prospects of utilizing these fish processing co-streams in a developing economy with the vision of improving consumption, economic sustainability, reducing discards and promoting circularity faces a lacuna. The authors address this demand in research by identifying the validity of this domain both in the global and native research community by conducting a detailed review using bibliometric analysis and content analysis. Data from Scopus with 717 documents, comprising 612 research articles from 78 countries, 1597 organizations and 2587 authors, are analysed. Results signify (i) developing a focus on hydroxyapatite production, bio-methane generation, transesterification processes, biomass and the rest raw material generated from fish processing, and (ii) reduced research on supply chain-related aspects despite their considerable importance. To comprehend this deficiency, especially in the Indian stance, barriers hindering the utilization of generated by-products are identified, and recommendations for improvements are proposed. The results will provide the struts for a circular and sustainable supply chain for processed seafood in developing economies.
Community-Based Participatory Research Guided by Critical Caring Theory
Authors: Butcher Howard Karl
Published: September 2022

While community-based participatory research (CBPR) and other related participatory action research approaches are increasingly being used in nursing research, few of these studies are conceptualized within an extant nursing framework. Instead, CBPR is typically only grounded in socio-ecological and social justice frameworks. However, knowledge is developed in a discipline through research that is conceptualized within the discipline’s conceptual systems, frameworks, or theories. This article begins with an explication of the processes and theoretical foundations of CBPR and concludes by offering Falk-Rafael’s Critical Caring Theory (CCT) as an ideal theory for reframing CBPR within a nursing science perspective.
Sacred Cows in Nurse Education: Are Faculty Scared to Dream?
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell , Hamilton Teresa
Published: September 2022

In this column, the authors share insights on traditions and new perspectives regarding teaching-learning uncovered through their experiences in higher education. Challenging teachers to consider letting go of the sacred cows often embraced in nurse education, the authors explore the humanbecoming teaching-learning model as a means of making curricular decisions in creating programs founded in a solid nursing foundation.
Analytical model of electromagnetic torque of surface PM motors considering current harmonicsin electric vehicles
Authors: Zuo Shuguang , Huang Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

The modeling of the magnetic field, as well as the amplitude prediction and source analysis of torque ripple, are the theoretical basis to reduce the vibration and noise of electric motors. An analytical model of electromagnetic torque of surface permanent magnet motors considering current harmonics, which is capable of purely analytical calculation and theoretical analysis, is proposed in this paper. The open-circuit magnetic field solution considering the stator slot is performed by using the analytical conformal mapping along the deformed solving path, allowing more accurate prediction of the cogging torque. The armature reaction field is derived under any current condition with current harmonics. So far, the analytical model of electromagnetic torque is established, and the purely analytical calculation of torque value and the theoretical analysis of torque ripple characteristics are implemented in an 8-pole-24-slot surface permanent magnet motor used for the propulsion of light electric vehicles. The generation mechanism of constant torque and torque ripple is clarified both under sinusoidal current and harmonic current. Furthermore, the effect of the stator skew slot on the motor torque is well explained to demonstrate the utility of the proposed model. It is found that the skew slot is almost ineffective in mitigating the torque ripple caused by current harmonics.
Challenges of Sustainability Reporting from Managerial Perspective: A Review and Future Agenda
Authors: Jain Karishma , Tripathi P. S.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of preparing sustainability reporting (SR) and the reasons for non-disclosure. A systematic review was done from two major databases Scopus and Web of Science. Existing literature related to the managers’ perception of barriers in SR was considered for this study. Results show that lack of awareness and understanding of SR is a major barrier mentioned in most of the studies, followed by lesser perceived benefits compared to cost, scarcity of resources, lack of legal requirements, government initiatives, and data collection issues as common barriers manager’s face for sustainability disclosure. Most of the barriers in developed and developing countries are found to be similar, this may be due to relative newness in the concept of SR. The present study also emphasizes the research gaps in the extant literature that can be taken forward for a better understanding of the issues in SR and enhancing reporting quality.
Testing a QuantCrit-Informed Approach to the Empirical Study of Race/Ethnicity and Child Maltreatment
Authors: Jones Dylan , Kim Hyunil , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Drake Brett
Published: September 2022

The past several years have seen calls from QuantCrit scholars to “disaggregate” samples into same-race groups. To date, however, there has been no attempt to empirically evaluate the benefits of disaggregation within a child welfare sample. Using a child maltreatment dataset derived from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and Census data, we empirically evaluate the utility of employing sample disaggregation (in which separate records are created for White, Black and Latino populations in each county) as well as variable creation disaggregation (in which we avoid using “full county” economic measures, but instead employ “same race/ethnicity” measures). Using model fit and convergence with findings from individual-level studies as evaluation metrics, we find that both kinds of disaggregation are demonstrably beneficial. We recommend that sample and variable disaggregation be considered by any future researchers using national geographically structured child maltreatment data.
Corneal aberrations, densitometry on scheimpflug imaging, and visual acuity after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Arora Ritu , Gupta Isha , Sahu Jigyasa , Vishwanath Shweta , Gupta Palak , Jain Parul
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate visual acuity, corneal aberrations, and densitometry post deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods

Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients who underwent DALK for corneal stromal diseases with normal endothelium were enrolled in a prospective interventional study. Evaluation for corneal aberrations and densitometry postoperatively was performed using Scheimpflug imaging at 6 months. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) was done for host-graft morphology. Correlation analysis of postoperative best-corrected visual acuity with corneal aberrations and corneal densitometry (CD) was performed.

Results

Big bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (BB-DALK) was successful in 18 patients, while 7 eyes underwent manual dissection due to failed BB (Big Bubble) technique. The mean BSCVA was 1.35 ± 0.46 logMAR units pre-operatively which improved to 0.36 ± 0.19 logMAR units post DALK at 6 months (P < 0.001). The mean Root Mean Square (RMS) (μm) of the magnitude of total corneal aberrations, HOA and LOA from central 6mm zone of cornea were 14.6 ± 9.2, 4.7 ± 2.9, and 13.8 ± 8.8, respectively. The mean anterior (120μm), central and posterior corneal (60μm) densitometry in 0–2mm zone were 25.8 ± 7.7 GSU, 18.7 ± 4.16 GSU and 10.09 ± 3.9 GSU respectively. A statistically significant correlation of postoperative residual stromal bed thickness, total corneal HOA, LOA, total corneal aberrations, HOA front and posterior corneal densitometry (0–2mm zone) with postoperative BSCVA was found.

Conclusion

Though there is a significant improvement in BSCVA after DALK, the quality of vision in terms of aberrometry and densitometry is suboptimal, especially in cases undergoing manual DALK compared to those undergoing big bubble formation.
Stability of scRNA-Seq Analysis Workflows is Susceptible to Preprocessing and is Mitigated by Regularized or Supervised Approaches
Authors: Durmaz Arda , Scott Jacob G
Published: September 2022

Background:

Statistical methods developed to address various questions in single-cell datasets show increased variability to different parameter regimes. In order to delineate further the robustness of commonly utilized methods for single-cell RNA-Seq, we aimed to comprehensively review scRNA-Seq analysis workflows in the setting of dimension reduction, clustering, and trajectory inference.

Methods:

We utilized datasets with temporal single-cell transcriptomics profiles from public repositories. Combining multiple methods at each level of the workflow, we have performed over 6 k analysis and evaluated the results of clustering and pseudotime estimation using adjusted rand index and rank correlation metrics. We have further integrated neural network methods to assess whether models with increased complexity can show increased bias/variance trade-off.

Results:

Combinatorial workflows showed that utilizing non-linear dimension reduction techniques such as t-SNE and UMAP are sensitive to initial preprocessing steps hence clustering results on dimension reduced space of single-cell datasets should be utilized carefully. Similarly, pseudotime estimation methods that depend on previous non-linear dimension reduction steps can result in highly variable trajectories. In contrast, methods that avoid non-linearity such as WOT can result in repeatable inferences of temporal gene expression dynamics. Furthermore, imputation methods do not improve clustering or trajectory inference results substantially in terms of repeatability. In contrast, the selection of the normalization method shows an increased effect on downstream analysis where ScTransform reduces variability overall.
Factors Associated With Refractoriness to an Up to Fourfold Dosage of Antihistamines in Isolated Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Wongjirattikarn Rachot , Chaowattanapanit Suteeraporn , Foocharoen Chingching , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Choonhakarn Charoen , Julanon Narachai , Utchariyaprasit Eakkapol
Published: September 2022

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disease and has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. The aim of treatment is complete symptom control.

Aim

To identify potential factors associated with antihistamine-refractory isolated CSU and to determine the factors that predict response to second-generation H1 antihistamines at dosages from one- to fourfold.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which included adult patients diagnosed with isolated CSU and had complete symptom control. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between the patients who were responsive to second-generation H1 antihistamines (< fourfold) and those who were refractory to a fourfold dose. Clinical and laboratory data were compared by dosage in the antihistamine-responsive group.

Results

There were 182 isolated CSU patients who met the study criteria, of whom 150 (82.4%) were responsive to treatment with up to a fourfold dose of second-generation H1 antihistamines, while 32 (17.6%) were refractory. In univariate analysis, age at onset, body mass index, baseline Urticaria Activity Score-7 (UAS7), white blood cell count, total neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, and new generation antihistamines were significantly higher in the antihistamine-refractory group. According to multivariate analysis, baseline UAS7 was the only independent factor associated with antihistamine-refractory isolated CSU (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, P = .03). In the antihistamine-responsive group, white blood cell count tended to predict response to antihistamine treatment ( P < .001, 0.04, 0.34 between onefold and twofold, twofold and threefold, and threefold and fourfold, respectively).

Conclusion

Baseline UAS7 was an independent factor associated with antihistamine-refractory isolated CSU.
Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM FRP. I: Review of strength models
Authors: Jedrzejko M.J. , Zhang S.S. , Ke Y. , Fernando D. , Nie X.F.
Published: September 2022

Near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) technique is known as a promising alternative to the externally bonded (EB) FRP technique for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) members, on account of its many advantages such as high bond efficiency with concrete and good durability. Shear strengthening of RC beams by near-surface mounting the FRP bars/strips into the concrete cover on beam sides is one of the most prevalent applications of NSM FRP. Abundant experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the behaviour of NSM FRP shear strengthened beams, and many strength models for predicting the contribution of NSM FRPs to the shear capacity of the beam have been proposed. The present paper presents a comprehensive review of these strength models, in which all the models collected from the existing literature are first classified into three categories based on their used approach and then summarized and discussed. This paper not only aims to bring a deep understanding of the existing strength models for NSM FRP shear strengthened RC beams, but also provides a background and basis for the assessment of these models by using the newly-generated experimental database in the companion paper.
Effect of Air Supply Temperature on the Performance of Displacement Ventilation (Part II) - Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Zhang Lin T.T. , Chow C.F. , Tsang K.F. , Chan Fong L.S.
Published: September 2022

The effect of air supply temperature on the performance of a displacement ventilation (DV) system has been investigated. This paper is the second part of a 2 part series and the results are reported with regard to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The study is based on a typical office building in Hong Kong, under local thermal and flow boundary conditions. The criteria for IAQ were measurements of carbon dioxide levels, mean age of air and 3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs): toluene, benzene and formaldehyde. The change in supply temperature from 19°C to 22°C was found to have no significant effect on the level and distribution of contaminants in the room. The DV system was found to operate satisfactorily under the range of supply temperatures studied.
Body mass index and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A nationwide registry-based cohort study
Authors: Saeed Usman , Myklebust Tor Å. , Robsahm Trude E. , Møller Bjørn , Mala Tom , Skålhegg Bjørn S. , Yaqub Sheraz
Published: September 2022

Background and objective:

An association between body mass index (BMI) and pancreatic cancer is suggested in observational studies. However, further studies are required to substantiate available evidence. The aim of this study was to explore the association between BMI and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk, treatment, and mortality.

Methods:

A registry-based cohort study was performed by combining data from four registries in Norway. Baseline data were collected between 1963 and 1975 with follow-up data collected until 2018. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regressions were estimated. Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between groups.

Results:

The study cohort consisted of 1,723,692 individuals. A total of 8973 PDAC cases were identified during 55,744,749 person-years of follow-up. A 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with an increased risk of PDAC if high BMI at young age (16–29 years) (hazard ratio (HR): 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.31), both for men (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15–1.46) and women (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28). In men, there was a 52% increase in risk of early-onset PDAC (<age 50) (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13-2.03) with 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI. A total of 2645 individuals were diagnosed with stage 1–3 disease, of whom 1131 underwent curative surgery. In all, 49% of normal weight, 38% overweight, and 30% obese individuals with stage 1–3 PDAC underwent surgery with curative intent (p < 0.001). Cancer survival was lower in overweight and obese individuals for both sexes. Analysis adjusted for sex, age, and period of diagnosis confirmed increased risk of cancer death in obese individuals.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that increased BMI in young adults may increase the risk of PDAC, and higher BMI in men is associated with an increased risk of early onset PDAC (<age 50). Overweight and obese individuals were less likely to undergo curative surgery and obese individuals had a higher risk of cancer-related death.
The use of a superhard boron nitride composite c-BN+h-BN with increased resistance to brittle cracking for anti-wear coatings
Authors: Kupczyk Maciej Jan
Published: September 2022

In order to reduce the brittleness of boron nitride (BN) coatings while maintaining a sufficiently high abrasion resistance, a composite material consisting of a cubical (c-BN) and additionally hexagonal (h-BN) variety was produced, slightly lowering the hardness, but significantly increasing the fracture toughness of the coating. For this purpose, the pulse plasma method was used, which made it possible to produce such material. In the presented tests, BN was produced with this method at various voltage parameters of the process, examining the influence of this parameter on the susceptibility of coatings to brittle cracking, the value of the critical load and the work of fracture for an average total crack length of 300 µm. The Palmqvist’s method was used to assess the brittleness of the coatings. Through the use of different discharge voltage values, it was possible to obtain BN coatings with different structures and the share of chemical bonds. These studies contribute to the process of conscious design of coating materials with the most advantageous technological and operational properties. The final verification and selection of the variant of the anti-wear coating manufacturing process from the c-BN+h-BN composite material was made based on cutting ability tests. Based on cutting ability tests, diagrams of wear and durability of replaceable carbide inserts with composite coatings were determined for the assumed value of the blunting index VBmax = 0.7 mm.
Differential ionization cross-section of hydrogen bromide
Authors: Sharawat Ritu , Kumari Meenakshi , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Ravinder
Published: September 2022

In this study, the relative single and double differential ionization cross-section of the hydrogen bromide molecule and their fragmented ions (HBr+, Br+, H+) have been theoretically evaluated. In the single differential ionization cross-sections, the loss of incident electron energies (W) at 100 eV, 200 eV, and 500 eV is calculated. The double differential ionization cross-section of the HBr molecule is determined for secondary electron energy (e) and different incident scattering angles (θ). The differential ionization cross-sections of the hydrogen bromide molecule were investigated for the first time.The derived results of the HBr molecule are not only important in spectrometry but may also be interesting for atmospheric sciences.
Conditional Pop-up Reminders Reduce Incidence of Rounding in Web Surveys
Authors: Schnell Rainer , Redlich Sarah , Göritz Anja S.
Published: September 2022

Frequency of behaviors or amounts of variables of interest are essential topics in many surveys. The use of heuristics might cause rounded answers, resulting in the increased occurrence of end-digits (called heaping or digit-preference). For web surveys (or CASI), we propose using a conditional prompt as input validation if digits indicating heaping are entered. We report an experiment, where respondents in an online access panel ( n = 2,590) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) no input validation; (2) conditional input validation if rounding was presumed; and (3) input validation every time a numerical value was entered. Conditional input validation reduces heaping for variables with high proportions of heaped values. Unconditional input validation seems to be less effective.
Family factors associated with physical activity in children with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Hao Yaru , Razman Rizal
Published: September 2022

This systematic review aimed to explore the influence of family factors on physical activity in children with intellectual disability. How and what family factors that specifically influence physical activity has not been compiled and reviewed previously. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed for articles published in English and Chinese without any year limits in six databases. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. All studies were qualitatively integrated to identify and compare positive and negative family factors. A total of 1135 participants, of which 497 were children with intellectual disability while the other 638 participants were family members (parents, siblings and caregivers). The family factors of 6 themes and 18 sub-themes (10 positive, 7 negative and 1 inconclusive factors) were extracted. Overall, these results highlight the importance of encouragement, support and involvement by family members, concurrently it points out that parental psychological factors, socioeconomic status, responsibilities and electronic devices could both promote and hinder engagement in physical activity for children with intellectual disability. The findings accentuate the role of the family unit in helping determine the activity levels of children with intellectual disability. Future studies should include a wider range of participants and be longitudinal in nature, utilizing more accurate monitoring tools.
Confronting the racism boogeyman: Educational leaders make meaning of the impact of George Floyd
Authors: Grace Jennifer , Simieou Felix , Lastrapes Renée E. , Decman John
Published: September 2022

Using a Critical Race framework, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews to explore how educational leaders across Texas have made meaning of the impact of George Floyd on their practices. Findings from this study add to the literature by examining administrators’ reflections on race, racism, and their impact on their approaches to leadership. The four of the most prominent themes that emerged from this qualitative study, including Increased Critical Self Awareness and Reflection, Critical Awareness Influencing Decision Making, Disconnect Between What is Known, What is said, and What is practiced, and Racial Battle Fatigue. Despite the resolute and rampant backlash against Critical Race Theory, the findings from this study underscore its relevance to education. Implications of these findings beseech educational leaders and policymakers to consider implementing professional development and accountability measures that center race in educational equity.
Formation of oxide crystallites on the porous GaAs surface by electrochemical deposition
Authors: Suchikova Yana , Kovachov Sergii , Bohdanov Ihor
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate how the formation of octahedral microcrystals of arsenic oxide As2O3in the form of arsenolite with a size of 200 nm to 10 μm can be initiated by the electrochemical etching method with simultaneous deposition on the surface of substrates with n-GaAs (111). Crystallites were formed on a previously synthesized porous layer of GaAs. To explain the behavior of formation on the surface of the monocrystalline GaAs porous layer and As2O3crystallites in the electrochemical reaction, we propose a qualitative model based on the decomposition of binary semiconductors in contact with electrolytes. Under this model, the crystallization of precipitated oxides occurs as a result of the transfer of ions to the crystal surface as a result of the electrolysis process. The formation of the composite structure takes place on the surface of the semiconductor and is characterized by the minimization of elastic energy. XRD analysis showed the formation of a complex compound of As2O3and As0.172Sb0.570O1.113. The appearance of antimony is explained in terms of the formation of new centers when the As atom is replaced by an Sb doping atom in the crystal. Directed controlled oxidation technologies make it possible to synthesize a reliable passivating layer consisting of one type of oxide, namely As2O3in the cubic phase of arsenolite. In addition, such structures can be used in photonics devices and as photocatalysts.
Happy Days: Resolving the Structure of Daily Subjective Well-Being, Between and Within Individuals
Authors: Busseri Michael A. , Newman David B.
Published: September 2022

We address the long-standing confusion concerning the conceptualization and structure of subjective well-being (SWB) by examining daily variation in life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). A total of 911 participants provided daily ratings of LS, PA, and NA over 14 days. Between- and within-individual variations in daily SWB were simultaneously modeled using dynamic structural equation modeling and random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling. Parameter estimates were highly consistent across approaches. Strong loadings from LS, PA, and NA were observed on latent SWB factors, both between and within individuals; cross-lagged predictive effects among SWB components were small and inconsistent across adjacent days within individuals. Findings provide compelling new evidence supporting a hierarchical conceptualization of SWB as an underlying (latent) sense of well-being reflected in daily experiences of LS, PA, and NA. Implications for studying stable (trait-like) and dynamic (time-varying) aspects of other multidimensional constructs in social and personality psychology are discussed.
Soft substrates direct stem cell differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage without the use of growth factors
Authors: Roncada Tosca , Bonithon Roxane , Blunn Gordon , Roldo Marta
Published: September 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of cartilage related injuries. However, selectively promoting stem cell differentiation in vivo is still challenging. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs usually requires the use of growth factors that lead to the overexpression of hypertrophic markers. In this study, for the first time the effect of stiffness on MSC differentiation has been tested without the use of growth factors. Three-dimensional collagen and alginate scaffolds were developed and characterised. Stiffness significantly affected gene expression and ECM deposition. While, all hydrogels supported chondrogenic differentiation and allowed deposition of collagen type II and aggrecan, the 5.75 kPa hydrogel showed limited production of collagen type I compared to the other two formulations. These findings demonstrated for the first time that stiffness can guide MSCs differentiation without the use of growth factors within a tissue engineering scaffold suitable for the treatment of cartilage defects.
Risks of Social Exclusion Among Children in ECEC Settings: Assessments by Parents and ECEC Teachers
Authors: Bouillet Dejana , Antulić Majcen Sandra
Published: September 2022

Recognizing children at risk of social exclusion (RSE) is one of the key prerequisites for providing direct and appropriate support to children and their families. Timely and proper identification of children at RSE requires collaborative and team-based assessments that include standardized procedures outlined in protocols to accommodate child personality, family factors, and other needs. The objective of the research is to analyze the capacities of early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers to assess the RSE of children by comparing their assessment with the assessment of parents. We used the data about 443 children between 5 and 7 years of age who were attending 10 ECEC institutions in Croatia. Children were assessed with two versions of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed on a descriptive level, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to determine the agreement between parents’ assessments and ECEC teachers’ assessments. It was found that at least 30% of children in Croatian ECEC institutions had one or more RSE. The results indicate a low proportion of children at RSE recognized both by parents and by ECEC teachers. The Croatian ECEC teachers are not familiar with information that is important for a child’s development, such as poverty, quality of family relationships, and involvement in specialized treatments. These data highlight the need to improve the capacity of Croatian ECEC teachers to participate in the process of assessing the RSE of children.
The Effect of Additional Finishing and Polishing Sequences on Hardness and Roughness of Two Different Dental Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dülger Kıvanç
Published: September 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional finishing and polishing sequences on a new structural colored (Omnichroma) and a conventional dental composite (Estelite Sigma Quick).

Materials and Method:

Forty disk-shaped dental composite specimens were prepared from each dental composite and assigned to four groups in terms of additional finishing polishing sequences. Group 1: Mylar strip (control). Group 2: Abrasive disks. Group 3: After abrasive disks, application of a felt brush with abrasive paste. Group 4: After abrasive disks, application of a felt brush with abrasive paste. Then, a single-bottle adhesive was applied as a surface sealer. Hardness and surface roughness were measured using the Vickers hardness test and a profilometer, respectively. SEM images of one of each group were captured at 500x, 1500x, and 3500x magnifications. Two-way analysis of variance, Tukey HSD, and Shapiro–Wilk tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:

Mean hardness values differ in terms of finishing-polishing sequences ( P < .001), dental composites ( P < .001), and interaction of finishing-polishing sequences-dental composites ( P < .001). Mean roughness values differ in terms of finishing-polishing ( P = .002). The main effect of composites on roughness values was not found statistically significant ( P = .990). Also, there is no difference between the mean roughness values in terms of the interactions of finishing-polishing and composites ( P = .967).

Conclusion:

Finishing-polishing with abrasive disks and abrasive paste are important steps for these dental composites. However, the application of a single-bottle adhesive as a surface sealant on these composites decreases the hardness of the materials.
How Norms Emerge from Conventions (and Change)
Authors: Przepiorka Wojtek , Szekely Aron , Andrighetto Giulia , Diekmann Andreas , Tummolini Luca
Published: September 2022

Social norms regulate our behavior in a variety of mundane and far-reaching contexts, from tipping at the restaurant to social distancing during a pandemic. However, how social norms emerge, persist, and change is still poorly understood. Here the authors investigate experimentally whether spontaneously emerging behavioral regularities (i.e., conventions) gain normativity over time and, if so, whether their normative underpinning makes them resistant to changes in economic incentives. To track the coevolution of behavior and normativity, the authors use a set of measures to elicit participants’ first- and second-order normative beliefs and their (dis)approval of other participants’ behaviors. The authors find that even in the limited duration of their lab experiment, conventions gain normativity that makes these conventions resistant to change, especially if they promote egalitarian outcomes and the change in economic incentives is relatively small. These findings advance our understanding of how cognitive, social and economic mechanisms interact in bringing about social change.
Exploring the neurobiology of the premonitory phase of migraine preclinically – a role for hypothalamic kappa opioid receptors?
Authors: Kopruszinski Caroline M. , Vizin Robson , Watanabe Moe , Martinez Ashley L. , de Souza Luiz Henrique Moreira , Dodick David W. , Porreca Frank , Navratilova Edita
Published: September 2022

Background

The migraine premonitory phase is characterized in part by increased thirst, urination and yawning. Imaging studies show that the hypothalamus is activated in the premonitory phase. Stress is a well know migraine initiation factor which was demonstrated to engage dynorphin/kappa opioid receptors (KOR) signaling in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus. This study proposes the exploration of the possible link between hypothalamic KOR and migraine premonitory symptoms in rodent models.

Methods

Rats were treated systemically with the KOR agonist U-69,593 followed by yawning and urination monitoring. Apomorphine, a dopamine D1/2 agonist, was used as a positive control for yawning behaviors. Urination and water consumption following systemic administration of U-69,593 was also assessed. To examine if KOR activation specifically in the hypothalamus can promote premonitory symptoms, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di (Gi-DREADD)-mCherry viral vector was microinjected into the right arcuate nucleus (ARC) of female and male KORCRE or KORWT mice. Four weeks after the injection, clozapine N-oxide (CNO) was administered systemically followed by the assessment of urination, water consumption and tactile sensory response.

Results

Systemic administration of U-69,593 increased urination but did not produce yawning in rats. Systemic KOR agonist also increased urination in mice as well as water consumption. Cell specific Gi-DREADD activation (i.e., inhibition through Gi-coupled signaling) of KORCRE neurons in the ARC also increased water consumption and the total volume of urine in mice but did not affect tactile sensory responses.

Conclusion

Our studies in rodents identified the KOR in a hypothalamic region as a mechanism that promotes behaviors consistent with clinically-observed premonitory symptoms of migraine, including increased thirst and urination but not yawning. Importantly, these behaviors occurred in the absence of pain responses, consistent with the emergence of the premonitory phase before the headache phase. Early intervention for preventive treatment even before the headache phase may be achievable by targeting the hypothalamic KOR.
Development of guidelines for school staff on supporting students who self-harm: a Delphi study
Authors: Meinhardt Inge , Cargo Tania , Te Maro Ben , Bowden Linda , Fortune Sarah , Cuthbert Sasha , James Susanna , Cook Riley , Papalii Tania , Kapa-Kingi Korotangi , Kapa-Kingi Mariameno , Prescott Annabelle , Hetrick Sarah Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

Objective

Self-harm is a major public health issue that significantly impacts communities, making early intervention and prevention paramount in addressing this public health issue. This study aimed to develop evidence-based, culturally responsive, safe, and practical guidelines to assist school staff in effectively supporting students who self-harm.

Methods

This Delphi study comprised of a five-step process, oversighted by a Rōpū Mātanga Māori (Māori clinical and cultural governance group), and drawing on the expertise and knowledge gained from existing literature, interviews with stakeholders, and two panels of experts (youth and stakeholders). The Rōpū Mātanga Māori ensured accountability to the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi) and kept Māori processes central to the research aims. The panels completed two rounds of questionnaires, rating their endorsement of each statement. Statements rated as important or essential by 80% or more of both panels and Māori participants were included in the final guidelines. The Rōpū Mātanga Māori reviewed any remaining statements to determine inclusion.

Results

Following the five-step process, 305 statements were included in the guidelines. These statements provided guiding actions that endorsed communication, collaborative responsibility, and wellbeing and a student-centred approach.

Conclusion

The guidelines provide guidance to all school staff that is culturally responsive and safe, consensus-based, and evidence-based. It is informed by the voices and experiences of young people and those who support them.
Confronting implicit bias toward patients: a scoping review of post-graduate physician curricula
Authors: Gleicher S. T. , Chalmiers M. A. , Aiyanyor B. , Jain R. , Kotha N. , Scott K. , Song R. S. , Tram J. , Vuong C. L. , Kesselheim J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Physicians’ behavior may unknowingly be impacted by prejudice and thereby contribute to healthcare inequities. Despite increasingly robust data demonstrating physician implicit bias (The Office of Minority Health. Minority Population Profiles, 2021; COVID-19 Shines Light on Health Disparities, National Conference of State Legislatures 2021), the evidence behind how to change this with training programs remains unclear. This scoping review therefore reports on the implementation, outcomes, and characteristics of post-graduate physician implicit bias curricula.

Methods

The authors conducted a literature review using scoping review methodology. They searched 7 databases in February and November 2020 for English-language academic and gray literature on implicit bias curricula for physicians at all levels of post-graduate training. Ten reviewers screened studies for eligibility independently, then extracted data from these studies and compiled it into a chart and analytical summary.

Results

Of the 4,599 articles screened, this review identified 90 articles on implicit bias interventions for post-graduate physicians. Inductive data analysis revealed a spectrum of educational approaches, which were categorized int o 4 educational models called Competence, Skills-Based, Social Contact, and Critical Models. The most commonly reported strength was the interactive nature of the curricula (26%), and the most frequently identified challenges were related to time and resources available (53%). Half of the interventions discussed facilitator preparation, and the majority (62%) evaluated outcomes using pre and post self-assessments.

Conclusions

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the literature on physician implicit bias curricula. It is our goal that this supports medical educators in applying and improving aspects of these interventions in their own programs.