bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ОРТОПЕДИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ДЕФОРМАЦІЯМИ ЗУБНИХ РЯДІВ НА ФОНІ РЕВМАТОЇДНОГО АРТРИТУ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Havaleshko V P. , Koshkin O. Ye. , Rozhko V. I.
Published: September 2018

The article highlights the role of special prosthodontic treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and dental row deformations.The aim of the study – to conduct the analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature the causes of special prosthodontic treatment for patients with dental row deformations and rheumatoid arthritis.Materials and Methods. The research used bibliosemantic and analytical methods.Results and Discussion. During the study, the latest scientific and domestic and foreign medical literature data on the issue of prosthodontic preparation for patients with dental row deformations on a background of rheumatoid arthritis were studied and analyzed.Conclusions. Nowadays, the question of choosing the best prosthodontic treatment for patients with dental row deformations on a background of rheumatoid arthritis is not studied enough. Prosthodontic treatment of patients with partial tooth loss and temporomandibular joint disorders should be true strictly individually and complex after general treatment and at the period of rheumatoid arthritis remission.
H. PYLORI-ІНФЕКЦІЯ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМ ОБСТРУКТИВНИМ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМ ЛЕГЕНЬ У ПОЄДНАННІ З ГАСТРОПАТІЯМИ
Authors: Chetaikina A. V. , Skliarov E. Ya.
Published: September 2018

Recently, the number of publications on the link between respiratory diseases and Helicobacter Pylori infection was growing. Especially, this was observed for COPD , bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer.The aim of the study – to evaluate the correlation between the levels of H. pylori IgG and spirometry data for COPD patients.Materials and Methods. The total of 68 patients were examined, including 44 males (64.7 %) and 24 females (35.3 %). The patients were divided into two groups; group 1 included 23 patients mainly with stage 2 COPD , whereas group 2 made up of 45 COPD stage 3 patients. All the patients underwent general clinical tests, namely the collection of anamnestic data establishing the risk factors, course, COPD duration and recurrence rate, chest X-ray and spirometry.Results and Discussion. The examination of 68 patients with stage 2 and stage 3 COPD comorbid with gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers revealed smoking and H. pylori infection to be the major risk factors. The smoking history was significantly longer for stage 3 COPD patients, and there was a weak correlation between H. pylori IgG and smoking history length. Erosive and ulcerative defects were observed in both patient groups. H. pylori IgG levels were significantly higher in Stage 3 COPD patients, as compared to Stage 2 patients. The highlight of the work was to detect the correlation between helicobacter infection and both FEV 1 and FVC, while a significant decrease in these parameters backed with H. pylori infection was observed.Conclusions. The course of COPD is often accompanied by the appearance of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone. Detection of negative correlation bonds between FEV 1 and FVC and H. pylori infection indicates a possible pathogenetic role of the helicobacter in the development of COPD . Provisions of Maastricht V should be used when detecting H. pylori infection with COPD patients.
ДІАГНОСТИЧНА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ САЛІВАРНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ГОМЕОСТАЗУ РОТОВОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ ПРИ СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНІЙ ТА СУПУТНІЙ ПАТОЛОГІЯХ У ДІТЕЙ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Petruniv V. B.
Published: September 2018

The article highlights the role of diagnostics of saliva in maintaining oral homeostasis as quality criteria of children’s health.The aim of the study – to conduct the analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature in relation to perspective of diagnostics of oral liquid indexes of the antioxidant system in children.Materials and Methods. The research used bibliosemantic and analytical methods.Results and Discussion. During the study, the latest scientific domestic and foreign medical literature data on the issue of saliva diagnostics in maintaining oral homeostasis for children with stomatological pathologies on a background of concomitant diseases were studied and analyzed.Conclusions. Nowadays, the saliva indexes of oral homoeostasis can be used as markers of violation of general state, intensity of pathological processes, monitoring of conducted treatment efficiency and also expansion of ideas about etiology and pathogenesis of stomatological and somatic diseases in children.
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ЛІКУВАННЯ ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ В НАРКОЗАЛЕЖНИХ, ХВОРИХ НА ТОКСИЧНИЙ ГЕПАТИТ
Authors: Patalakha O. V. , Loskutova I. V.
Published: September 2018

Generalized parodontitis (GP ) occurs and proceeds against a background of violations of the indices of local immunity of the oral cavity of patients. Modern ideas about the causes of inflammatory parodontal diseases are based on the violation of local and general immune mechanisms, sensitization of the organism to antigens produced by pathogenic microorganisms, the presence of somatic pathology. The use of narcotic drugs causes disturbances in the functioning of the immune system. For the complex treatment of inflammatory parodontal diseases, the use of a drug with immunomodulating activity - nuklex and agents, which reduces the amount of oxidized stress products and has a hepatoprotective effect – mexidol is suggested.The aim of the study – to learn the dynamics of general and local immunity indices (for the concentration of cytokines) in patients with generalized parodontitis with toxic hepatitis in opioid dependence during complex treatment.Materials and Methods. 65 patients with GP were examined in the stage of unstable remission: 19 women (29.2 %) aged 20 to 45 years and 46 men (70.8 %) aged 19 to 47 years. All patients are on dispensary supervision with an expert in narcology about opioid addiction. At the stomatologic examination, GP of the second degree, toxic hepatitis is established. To determine the cytokine profile, samples of blood serum and mixed saliva were used in drug addicts, patients with Hepatitis B with toxic hepatitis, and healthy donors (reference norm).Results and Discussion. Development of GP , especially in persons with toxic lesions (drug addiction), is accompanied by significant changes in the state of immune mechanisms of oral protection, which are manifested in local changes in the composition of gum cells, as well as the content of immunoglobulins and cytokines in the saliva. As a result of the conducted studies, before the beginning of preventive treatment, an increase in the level of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 was observed against the background of a decrease in γ-IFN. After finishing the treatment in patients with GP with opioid dependence with toxic hepatitis, there was an improvement in the indices of the studied cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, γ-IFN and IL-10). At the same time, a more pronounced positive dynamics of these indices was manifested in patients, an additional combination of nucleax and mexidol was taken.Conclusions. To study the activity of local immunity in drug-dependent patients with toxic hepatitis, it is expedient to determine the level of cytokines by a non-invasive method. Imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is considered as a reflection of the inflammatory and autoimmune process. In the treatment of generalized parodontitis with the inclusion of a combination of nucleic acid and mexidol, the production of cytokines is restored. The use of this combination reduces the destructive-inflammatory process in the parodontium and the severity of immunodeficiency.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАКЦІЇ ГЛУТАТІОНОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВНУТРІШНІХ ОРГАНІВ НА ТЛІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТРАВМИ
Authors: Volotovska N. V. , Hudyma A. A.
Published: September 2018

Nowadays stop the bleeding and fight against its consequences determines further success in the survival and rehabilitation of the victim. It is extremely important to find ways to improve the ischemic metabolism as a result of overlaying a tissue turnstile. Enzymes of the glutathione system are actively involved in combating the effects of hypoxia, therefore, the experimental detection of critical periods of depression of this protectional link is the basis for the further search for effective methods of correction and condition stabilization of the affected organism.The aim of the study – to determine the role of glutathione system of the liver and kidneys in the pathogenesis of experimental ischemia-reperfusion (EIR) in the early and remote post-traumatic periods.Materials and Methods. The object of the study – 196 males of white male rats with a body weight 220–240 g, divided into 4 groups, 10 individuals in each. Animals of the control group were withdrawn from the study without surgical intervention, while in the experimental groups, injuries were simulated: a hemostatic tourniquet on the thigh (J) over two hours; isolated blood loss from the femoral vein (40%) – (K); two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss (J + K) and two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss and mechanical trauma (J + K + P). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the intervention by total bleeding from the heart.Results and Discussion. According to the activation of the lipid peroxidation, which was represented by the growth of the concentration of malonic dialdehyde, diene and trienic conjugates, an active response from the glutathione system was detected: the activation of glutathioneperoxidase activity, an increase of glutathionereductase activity against the decrease restored glutathione concentration. But in the kidney tissue the activity of glutathione system enzymes was somewhat lower, herewith in some periods, conversly, they exceeded liver parameters. These results, in our opinion, indicate that the reason of such their dividing, mainly, it is total debilitation of the glutathione system in the posttraumatical period. It was 1 and 3 days after trauma and partly depended of the injury severity. At the same time, even an isolated overlay of the hemostatic tourniquet led to significant changes of the glutathione system and was represented by response to the activation of lipid peroxidation. This confirms the necessity to continue the series of experiments.Conclusions. The obtained results of the experiments revealed a significant inhibition of the reduced glutathione concentration in the liver, and no so expressed in the kidneys. Especially depression of its activity was on the background of bleeding associated with ischemia, and bleeding associated with ischemia and mechanical trauma. Decrease of glutathioneperoxidase and glutathionereductase activity coincided with increase of lipid peroxidation.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ РЕОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПЛАЦЕНТ У ЖІНОК ІЗ СИНДРОМОМ ВТРАТИ ПЛОДА БЕЗ КОРЕКЦІЇ ТА НА ФОНІ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Malanchuk L. M. , Krivitska G. O. , Malanchuk S. L. , Martinyuk V. М.
Published: September 2018

Fetal loss syndrome is a polyethyologic syndrome. In the genesis of reproductive losses, great importance is given to the inferior transformation of the endometrium and to the disturbance of trophoblast invasion processes. Study of changes in the placenta inherent in the fetal loss syndrome will allow to understand the pathogenesis of syndrome formation, to reveal the role of the vascular factor in the development of degenerative changes and to choose pathogenetically valid correction of the revealed disorders.The aim of the study – to compare the macro and microscopic structure of the placenta of women with fetal loss syndrome without additional correction and against the background of the proposed medical treatment.Materials and Methods. 100 placenta examination (group I formed 50 placenta of women who received medical therapy were performed, provided by the provisions of the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, group II – placenta mothers, who during the pregnancy additionally appointed a donor of nitric oxide and the drug of vitamin B9).Results and Discussion. In the visual assessment and investigation of the histological structure of the placenta of the I group, we have been detected various pathological changes that are characteristic of the dystrophic-degenerative processes. In the second group placenta is noted reduction of pathological manifestations and activation of adaptive-compensatory processes.Conclusions. Integrated therapy using a nitric oxide dopant and vitamin B9 helps to improve metabolic processes in the fetoplacental system.
РОЗВИТОК СИНДРОМУ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ЗА УМОВ ПОЄДНАНОЇ ТРАВМИ ОРГАНІВ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ НА ФОНІ ГІПОВОЛЕМІЧНОГО ШОКУ ТА РЕПЕРФУЗІЙНОГО СИНДРОМУ КІНЦІВКИ
Authors: Krylyuk V. O. , Tsymbaliuk G. Yu.
Published: September 2018

Endogenous intoxication is a complicated multicomponent process caused by pathological biological activity of endogenous products or dysfunction of natural detoxification systems. The article presents the results of the experiment on ischemic-reperfusion syndrome as an aggravating factor in the development of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock.The aim of the study – to learn the effect of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome on the changes of indicators of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock.Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted on 80 nonlinear male rats weighing 190–220 grams. In experimental groups ischemic-reperfusion syndrome was simulated in combination with trauma of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock and contents of endogenous intoxication markers (molecules of average mass fractions determined at wavelengths of 238, 254, 260 and 280) and the erythrocytes index of intoxication were analyzed. The probability of differences between the control group and the study group was evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.Results and Discussion. The applications of haemostatic tourniquets on two lower limbs caused a significant reliable increase of EII indicator in all study groups. The maximum increase of EII indicator was in the group where the applications of the tourniquets were combined with the trauma of the abdominal cavity and hypovolemic shock. These data proved the potentiating effect of ischemicreperfusion syndrome on the development of systemic changes in combined trauma. It has also been shown that the manifestation of endogenous intoxication within the first 24 hours after the applications of haemostatic tourniquets is similar to that arising from the combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of massive external bleeding.Conclusions. The applications of haemostatic tourniquets to the two lower limbs for two hours enhance the development of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock, that was confirmed by significant increase of EII indicator and the median mass molecules seven days after reperfusion.
Thrasymachus’ Unerring Skill and the Arguments of Republic 1
Authors: Nawar Tamer
Published: September 2018

In defending the view that justice is the advantage of the stronger, Thrasymachus puzzlingly claims that rulers never err and that any practitioner of a skill or expertise (τέχνη) is infallible. In what follows, Socrates offers a number of arguments directed against Thrasymachus’ views concerning the nature of skill, ruling, and justice. However, both Thrasymachus’ views and Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus’ views have frequently been misunderstood. In this paper, I clarify Thrasymachus’ views concerning the nature of skill and ability, reconstruct Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus’ views concerning skill and justice, and argue that Socrates’ arguments are better than often supposed.
The Razor Argument of Metaphysics A.9
Authors: González-Varela José Edgar
Published: September 2018

I discuss Aristotle’s opening argument against Platonic Forms inMetaphysicsA.9, ‘the Razor’, which criticizes the introduction of Forms on the basis of an analogy with a hypothetical case of counting things. I argue for a new interpretation of this argument, and show that it involves two interesting objections against the introduction of Forms as formal causes: one concerns the completeness and the other the adequacy of such an explanatory project.
The Nature of the Scholia on Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Fortier Simon
Published: September 2018

While we know that the interpretation of the ‘soul’s pilot’ (Phaedrus 247c7-8) found in Hermias’ Scholia on Plato’s Phaedrus differs considerably from that of Syrianus and Proclus, this difference has not shifted the prevailing opinion that the Scholia are a faithful transcript of Syrianus’ lectures on the Phaedrus. I argue, however, that the difference over the soul’s pilot is only the first in a series of elements which are difficult, if not impossible, to ascribe to Syrianus. This, I believe, is compelling evidence that the Scholia contain the ideas of both Syrianus and Hermias.
The Faith Frame: Or, Belief is Easy, Faith is Hard
Authors: Luhrmann T.M.
Published: September 2018

This paper argues for thinking about religious commitments as different in kind from everyday ordinary understandings of the world. It argues against the straightforward assertion from the cognitive science of religion that belief in the supernatural is easy. That is, there is a way in which intuitions of invisible presence come very easily to people. Yet to sustain that belief commitment is hard, especially when the invisible other is omnipotent and benevolent. Here I suggest that it makes more sense to understand faith commitments as a kind of frame that coexists with everyday commitments. The approach shares much with Neil van Leeuwen’s understanding of religious commitments and factual commitments as being held with different kinds of cognitive attitudes. Here I suggest that people engage the faith frame the way engage play and fiction—except that in the case of faith, the commitment is a serious claim about the world.
Undocumented beetle diversity in the Southeastern United States: a case study of the minute clubbed beetles (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Authors: MCELRATH THOMAS C. , MCHUGH JOSEPH V.
Published: September 2018

Studies of the saproxylic and predatory beetle family Monotomidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) in the southeastern USA increased the known diversity for the family in the state of Georgia by one genus and nine species. Online records of Monotomidae from Georgia increased from 0 to 885. This work highlights the lack of basic diversity information about small beetles that inhabit wood, leaf litter, and other decaying plant matter in this region.
A new species of Nemoura Latreille (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Amur River Basin (South of the Russian Far East)
Authors: TESLENKO VALENTINA A. , BOUMANS LOUIS
Published: September 2018

Nemoura sirotskii sp. n. (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) is described as a new stonefly species from the tributary streams of Zeya Reservoir (Amur River Basin) in the south of the Russian Far East. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for the larvae and adult specimens. The diagnostic characters distinguishing it from sympatric species N. arctica are discussed.
Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) Effect in Single-Layer Soft Magnetic Film Under Stress
Authors: Zhu L , Jin F , Zhu Y. Q , Wang J. C , Dong K. F , Mo W. Q , Song J. L , Ouyang J
Published: September 2018

The stress-induced magnetic anisotropy can significantly affect giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect of the soft magnetic film. This paper is devoted to the GMI effect of the single layer soft magnetic film implied without and with a stress. By simulating a physical model with MATLAB
and COMSOL software, the impedance expression of the single layer soft magnetic film and the relation between external magnetic field and magnetic permeability are deduced. We observed that, without a stress, the sensitive region increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of
the excitation current frequency from 1 MHz to 200 MHz. While the film was subjected to the stress in the direction of the current with one end stressed, the stress on the film was gradually reduced from stressed end to free end. Also, the impedance change rate of the film changed when the
stress was added, which is similar to the effect of adding a bias magnetic field on the film. More importantly, the addition of stress σ can induce the bias of the GMI measurement range and improve its sensitivity near zero magnetic fields. This may provide a new way for designing a
GMI sensor with higher sensitivity and adjustable measurement range.
Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on ITO/MgO/ZnO Structure Grown by Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Wu Yunfeng , Yu Naisen , Du Haiying , Liu Dongping , Liang Hongwei , Du Guotong
Published: September 2018

A simple two-step aqueous method was employed to grow MgO nanostructures on ZnO/sapphire at low temperature. The obtained thin MgO nanostructures were uniformly distributed on the surface of ZnO layer and showed the sheet-like structures. Meanwhile, an ultraviolet (UV) photodetector
based on ITO/MgO/ZnO structures was fabricated by simple way. The obtained UV detector showed excellent UV sensing properties. This novel method will greatly facilitate fabrication of large-scale metal-insulator-semiconductor with relatively low cost at remarkably low temperature.
Effect of Crystallization on the Catalytic Cracking Performance of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5
Authors: Cao Maojiong , Su Youyong , Xue Bing , Yang Yuxiang , Liu Xiangnong
Published: September 2018

In the research, zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and
Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET). The catalytic products from Jatropha carcass L. oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The effects of crystallization time and crystallization temperature on catalytic cracking performance of ZSM-5 were investigated. According
to the results, the catalytic cracking performance of ZSM-5 was closely associated with its pore structure. When the crystallization time was 60 h and the crystallization temperature was 170 °C, ZSM-5 with optimal catalytic cracking performance was synthesized. Catalyzed by the optimal
ZSM-5, Jatropha carcass L. oil showed the liquid conversion rate of 26.60% and the acid value of 1.24 mg KOH·g−1. The main catalytic products from Jatropha carcass L. oil included benzene (10.02%), methylbenzene (20.52%), o-xylene (14.45%) and p-xylene
(6.59%).
Extracellular Biosynthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles by Streptomyces coelicoflavus KS-3
Authors: Ma Liang , Liu Jianxin , Su Wei , Zeng Xiaoxi , Liu Xueying , Li Wen , Deng Jing , Tang Jianxin
Published: September 2018

The present work aimed to investigate extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by an actinomycete strain and their cytotoxic effects compared with silver ions. The selected strain was identified as Streptomyces coelicoflavus KS-3 by phenotypical characteristics
and 16S rRNA analysis. The formation of biosynthesized AgNPs was proved by an absorption peak observed at 437 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses revealed that the prepared AgNPs were spherical or approximately spherical followed by a small
amount of truncated triangular, quadrangular and hexagonal with the particle diameters ranging from 2.33 to 91.3 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed that the AgNPs presented a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of crystalline silver. Energy dispersive of X-ray (EDX) spectrum and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses verified the existence of biomolecules, such as proteins, that participated in the formation and stabilization of AgNPs. Furthermore, the comparative study on cytotoxic effect of AgNPs indicated that the AgNPs exhibited higher biocompatibility
towards human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells than silver ions and exerted potent cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells (HTB-182) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) with the concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μg/mL.
Different Crystal Form Titania Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticles for Liquid Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol
Authors: Long Wei , Lv Yang , Liu Pingle , Hao Fang , Xiong Wei , Li Xie , Cui Haishuai , Luo He’an
Published: September 2018

Titania supported Ruthenium-based catalysts were prepared for liquid phase hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol. The catalytic performance is affected by the different crystal forms of titania supports. Anatase and rutile titania supported catalyst 5%Ru/a-r-TiO2
presents higher BET surface area, better dispersion of Ru particles with smaller particle size of 3–4 nm, more acidic centers, and more Ruδ+ located at the boundary between anatase titania and rutile titania. Hence, 5%Ru/a-r-TiO2 gives the best catalytic performance
of 95.33% conversion of guaiacol and 79.23% selectivity to cyclohexanol, other products mainly include cyclohexane, benzene, cyclohexanone and 1,2-cyclohexanediol. Based on the results of this work, the possible reaction path for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation was proposed.
Effect of Surface-Modified Carbon Nanotubes on Intrinsic Properties and Microstructures of Cement Composites
Authors: Wang Baomin , Deng Shuang , Han Yu
Published: September 2018

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by gum arabic (GA) were incorporated into cement matrix composites to investigate their effect on intrinsic properties. Their ability to disperse the surface-modified MWCNTs uniformly in the cement matrix was also assessed using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The intrinsic mechanical properties of the cement composites were investigated using Nano Indenter. Results showed that the addition of treated nanotubes significantly improved the intrinsic properties of cement matrix composites.
The porosity and pore size distribution of the composites were measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and the results indicated that cement paste containing MWCNTs had lower porosity and a more uniform pore size distribution. The morphological structure of samples was investigated
using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X ray diffraction analysis (XRD), which showed that the MWCNTs acted as bridges across cracks and voided and formed a network that transferred the load in tension.
Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methylene Blue by Hierarchical Ternary Nanocomposites Cu–TiO2-Mesoporous-Silica Microsphere
Authors: Wang Manchao , Peng Lin , Wang Jiahui , Li Changqing , Guan Lihao , Lin Yuqing
Published: September 2018

In this study, hierarchical ternary nanocomposites, i.e., Cu–TiO2-mesoporous silica microspheres (Cu–TiO2-MSM), were synthesized as ternary photocatalyst system to improve the visible light photocatalytic degradation of the environmental pollutant model
dye methylene blue (MB). The innovation of this method is in situ depositing TiO2 and Cu2O nanoparticles sequentially onto the surface of mesoporous silica microspheres to form highly active heterostructure. The improved activity for the degradation of MB is attributed
to: (1) the high adsorption capacity of the porous and interconnected-channel-structure MSM to MB; (2) the valence band electrons of TiO2 released from the conduction band generating abundant highly active free radicals, which directly reacted with adsorbed MB. The photocatalytic
degradation efficiency to MB was found to be 98% in 5 min, and almost 100% in 20 min. This study paves a way for the development of a ternary-doped catalyst for visible light photocatalytic degradation and may exhibit widely application in industry.
pH-Sensitive DOX-Loaded PAA-PF127-PAA Micelles Combined with Cryotherapy for Treating Walker 256 Carcinosarcoma in a Rat Model
Authors: Zhao Hongli , Sun Shanshan , Wang Zhaodong , Hong Yayun , Shi Lulu , Lan Minbo
Published: September 2018

In this work, a novel combination of drug therapy and cryotherapy for tumor treatment was developed. Pluronic F127 modified with poly(acrylic acid) at two terminals (denoted as PAA-PF127-PAA) was used as carriers for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. Due to the pH-sensitive property endowed
by PAA, the DOX-loaded PAA-PF127-PAA micelles released DOX faster in the slightly acidic physiological environment of the tumor site than that in the neutral physiological environment. Three-group rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma were respectively treated with cryotherapy, combination
of DOX-loaded micelles and cryotherapy, and saline injection to investigate the effect of the combined therapy. The apoptosis rate of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) slices indicated that compared with cryotherapy alone, the DOX-loaded PAA-PF127-PAA micelles combining with cryotherapy
showed increased apoptosis. Thus, the combination of drug therapy and cryotherapy can be used as an effective technique for tumor treatment.
Multiple Silver Nanoparticles Anchored Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres by Polyacrylic Acid Aggregate Templating Approach for Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Xu Peng , Chen Nannan , Lin Huan , Cen Changli , Wu Zhenguo , Xu Nanfang , Tang Jingen , Teng Zhaogang
Published: September 2018

Anchoring metal cores inside porous shells can endow metal catalyst with high selectivity and stability. Herein, multiple silver nanoparticles were successfully anchored in hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (Ag@HMSNs) through a facile one-pot method. Polyacrylic acid aggregates self-assembled
in water/ethanol solvent were used as core templates and Ag nanoparticles captors, and hexadecyl trimethoxysilane (C16TMS) was used as the pore-making agent. The hollow cavity, encapsulated multiple Ag nanoparticles, and mesoporous silica shell of the Ag@HMSNs were confirmed by
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen sorption analysis. Just as expected, Ag nanoparticles (2–5 nm) were encapsulated in the cavity of hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres with the size of about 200 nm. The fabricated Ag@HMSNs showed excellent
performance for catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP). Also, catalytic activity of the Ag@HMSNs for 4-NP reduction was increased with the addition amount of the pore-making agents and surface areas. The superior catalytic performance was attributed to the unique structural features
of Ag@HMSNs architecture, in which the mesoporous shell provided readily accessible pathway for fast transport of reactants to the encapsulated Ag nanoparticles.
Influence of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Benzotriazole to Brass
Authors: Wang Feng , Ge Hong-Hua , Wu Kai , Sha Jun-Yi , Wang Le-Tian , Wan Chuan , Zhao Yu-Zeng , Meng Xin-Jing
Published: September 2018

The influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on corrosion inhibition of benzotriazole (BTA) in brass/ simulated water system was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that BTA has good corrosion
inhibition effect on brass. Al2O3 nanoparticles could reduce the corrosion inhibition performance of BTA. The higher the concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles in simulated water, the lower corrosion inhibition performance of BTA. The isothermal adsorption
of BTA on brass surface in simulated water and Al2O3 nanofluids was analyzed. The results indicated that the adsorption of BTA on brass surface followed the Langmuirs’ adsorption isotherm, the adsorption Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than −40 kJ/mol,
corresponding to chemical adsorption, in both simulated water and Al2O3 nanofluids. The −ΔG value of BTA on brass surface decreased in Al2O3 nanofluids, indicating the weakening of the BTA adsorption on the brass surface. Surface
analysis of brass samples by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction confirmed the above results.
Effects of Continuous Phase and Crosslinking Agent on the Rheological Behaviors and Properties of Cationic Poly(urethane-acrylate) Emulsifier-Free Microemulsions
Authors: Fei Guiqiang , Zhang Yu , Wang Xia , Li Xiaorui , Wang Haihua
Published: September 2018

Cationic poly(urethane-acrylate) emulsifier-free microemulsions are prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization (SPUA) or in-situ emulsion polymerization (IPUA) with (a) or without (b) crosslinking agent hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Furthermore, no surfactant is introduced into
the reaction system. The effect of continuous phase and HEA on the rheological behavior and properties of microemulsions are studied. The results show that IPUA using vinylmonomers as the continuous phase and with HEA (IPUAMB-b) has the highest ζ value, lowest coagulation ratio, smallest
particle size of 48 nm and apparent core–shell structures. Rheological research has concluded that the zero-shear viscosity of IPUAB-b and IPUAM-b emulsion is 6.03×102 and 7.89 Pa·s, respectively, and presents pseudoplastic behavior. However, IPUAMB-b and SPUA-b
display Newtonian behavior with η0 of 0.136 Pa·s and 0.0823 Pa·s, respectively. PUA emulsions display similar rheological behavior when NMP is replaced by the mixture of MMA and BA.
Popularizing the Weather Broadcast
Authors: Fidler James C.
Published: September 2018

The ultimate end of all meteorological work, both theoretical and practical, is public service, the supplying of weather understanding, data, and forecasts. Just as in business the problems of distribution arise to embarrass the efforts of producers, so in meteorology our best scientific efforts are very much dependent on a popular support which proceeds from almost purely immediate and pragmatic considerations, Banal as it may seem for the profession to fuss with the details of distributing information to the public, meteorologists in this country at least, cannot afford to leave such matters to the indiscriminate, often unintelligent and sometimes unscrupulous work of those unconnected and unconcerned with the ideals of the profession as a whole. The radio is a new channel affording great possibilities. Shall we let it abuse or further our best interests? Mr. Fidler has previously described his radio program in the Bulletin† and now returns with a review of weather services he and some others are trying to give via radio broadcasting stations. If others have experiences in this direction or constructive criticisms, let us hear. It is now the right moment for the profession to advance its views and collaborate before mere commercialism will have outrun science and sense to our irrevocable loss.—R. G. S.
Grey Street Casbah: Market Town as a Symbol of Indian Diasporic Experience
Authors: Kumar P Pratap
Published: September 2018

In this paper, I wish to explore the life in the mid-19th to 20th century in the Durban-based Indian Casbah and its enduring legacy. In exploring the Casbah life in Durban, I wish to pay special attention to the narratives of the people who either were associated with it and had living memories of it, or remember the many stories passed on to them by their families.1 The central question that I explore in analysing these narratives is: does Casbah in the diaspora enable the diasporic community to reconnect with their Indian origins or does it orient them away from the romantic attachment to the places of their origin in India? In other words, is Casbah a symbol of a new settlement in which the diasporic community finds lasting meaning and legacy, or does it evoke memories and myths about their origins in India?
New Application of Polyurethane as Porous Hydrogel Carrier for Microorganisms of Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Sato Takaya , Uehara Tsutomu , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

Porous polyurethane urea hydrogel (PU-gel) was prepared by the reaction of copoly(ethyleneoxide-propyleneoxide)triol terminated with toluene diisocyanate and water. The hydrogel was highly compatible with microorganisms and had good mechanical properties. This hydrogel was found to be very suitable for the newly developed biological nitrogen removal process of wastewater. In the biological reactor of the process, the porous hydrogel cubes on which the nitrification bacteria were fixed promote very quick nitrification of the nitrogen sources in the wastewater. Here we report the characteristics of the porous polyurethane urea hydrogel and the performance of the biological nitrification process using this hydrogel as a floating carrier of microorganisms.
Design of an Artificial Intervertebral Disc Exhibiting a Negative Poisson's Ratio
Authors: Martz Erik O. , Lakes Roderic S. , Goel Vijay K. , Park Joon B.
Published: September 2018

An artificial intervertebral disc exhibiting an anisotropic negative Poisson's ratio has been designed and characterized in the laboratory. This disc prosthesis incorporates negative Poisson's ratio to prevent bulge which might impinge on nerves, as well as the duplication of compressive axial stiffness of the natural lumbar intervertebral disc. The disc is also compliant in bending and torsion.
The Challenge of Foam Injection-Moulding – Possibilities to Improve Surface Appearance, Foam Morphology and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Spoerrer Andreas N.J. , Bangarusampath D.S. , Altstaedt Volker
Published: September 2018

This paper is dealing with structural foam moulding of polypropylene (PP) thermoplastics utilising the MuCell approach to introduce the blowing agent as well as advanced moulding technologies. Till today, structural foam moulding is facing several different challenges, which are limiting a full acceptance in industrial applications. Encountering issues of those parts are the critical surface appearance, the limited density reduction and finally the mechanical properties (stiffness, strength and toughness). Here, two surface improving techniques have been evaluated according to their effectiveness and feasibility. Furthermore, in this experimental study, six different typical automotive PP compounds have been processed to structural foams with a density reduction of 50% and evaluated in regard to their morphologies and mechanical performance. The modulus and strength of structural foams can be correlated to their build-up (skin-layers, foam density), as the toughness performance is heavily dependent on molecular weight, filler-type and filler orientation.
On the Nonlinear Creep and Recovery of Open Cell Earplug Foams
Authors: Calcagno B. , Lopez Garcia M.d.C. , Kuhns M. , Lakes R.S
Published: September 2018

The compressive creep and recovery of foam earplugs was studied at various applied stresses leading to different final creep strains. Deformation was determined from digital videos of the earplugs via image processing software. Creep could not be modeled by a single exponential in time; creep approximated a power law in time. Nonlinear viscoelasticity was observed: creep compliance depends on stress level. Nevertheless, for strain as high as 24%, recovery follows creep. Recovery does not follow creep at 70% strain. Recovery proceeds to completion given enough time.
MicroRNA-520a suppresses HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells by inactivating AKT
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Jinqian , Chen Jinglong
Published: September 2018

Objective

To investigate whether the mechanism by which a microRNA, miR-520a, suppresses the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) involves the regulation of the serine/threonine kinase ( AKT) gene.

Methods

The effects of miR-520a on the proliferation, mitotic index and apoptosis of the HBV-replicating human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.2.15 were measured using standard laboratory methods including flow cytometry. The effects of miR-520a on HBV transcription and replication were assessed using methods including immunoassays and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to AKT on the levels of AKT mRNA and protein were also evaluated.

Results

In HepG2.2.15 cells, miRNA-520a reduced HBV transcription and replication by reducing AKT levels. MiRNA-520a decreased cell proliferation and mitosis entry of cells and increased apoptosis in HepG2.2.15 cells. AKT levels were reduced significantly by its siRNA, which resulted in suppression of HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells.

Conclusions

MiRNA-520a inhibited AKT gene expression and suppressed HBV transcription and replication. These findings suggest that miRNA-520a may be a novel target for the treatment of HBV infection because miRNA-520a reduced HepG2.2.15 cell survival and inhibited HBV replication associated with the AKT signalling pathway.
Leveraging the Value of Land and Landside Access to Fund Port Infrastructure in Texas
Authors: Aldrete Rafael M. , Kruse Carl James , Salgado David , Vadali Sharada R. , Mudgal Abhisek , Villa Juan Carlos , Cornejo Lorenzo E. , Bae Deog Sang
Published: September 2018

This paper introduces port authority transportation reinvestment zones (TRZs), a funding tool created by the Texas Legislature to help fund long-term economic development port projects. TRZs were first introduced in Texas in 2007 as a tool to allow county and municipal governments to raise funds to help pay for transportation improvements using the property tax mechanism. Since then, the legislation has been amended to include other transportation modes, such as transit, rail, and parking facilities. Amendments passed in 2013 introduced the concept of port authority TRZ, which expanded authorized use of the tool to the state’s port authorities and navigation districts. Most of the existing funding tools available to Texas ports focus on the development of infrastructure within port property. Port authority TRZs complement existing funding sources by providing a funding tool flexible enough to fund port projects both inside and outside port property. Port authorities can take advantage of the TRZ concept to join forces with neighboring local governments and the Texas Department of Transportation to fund landside transportation enhancements that improve port accessibility and the regional economy. Currently, there are four active port authority TRZs in the following locations: Port of Beaumont, Port of Port Arthur, Port of Brownsville, and Sabine-Neches Navigation District. This paper summarizes the legal framework of port authority TRZs, describes the role that these TRZs play in port funding and finance, and presents highlights of the port authority TRZs that have already been established throughout the state.
Light, Alertness, and Alerting Effects of White Light: A Literature Overview
Authors: Lok Renske , Smolders Karin C. H. J. , Beersma Domien G. M. , de Kort Yvonne A. W.
Published: September 2018

Light is known to elicit non–image-forming responses, such as effects on alertness. This has been reported especially during light exposure at night. Nighttime results might not be translatable to the day. This article aims to provide an overview of (1) neural mechanisms regulating alertness, (2) ways of measuring and quantifying alertness, and (3) the current literature specifically regarding effects of different intensities of white light on various measures and correlates of alertness during the daytime. In general, the present literature provides inconclusive results on alerting effects of the intensity of white light during daytime, particularly for objective measures and correlates of alertness. However, the various research paradigms employed in earlier studies differed substantially, and most studies tested only a limited set of lighting conditions. Therefore, the alerting potential of exposure to more intense white light should be investigated in a systematic, dose-dependent manner with multiple correlates of alertness and within one experimental paradigm over the course of day.
Reduced Versus Conventional Dose Insulin for Hyperkalemia Treatment
Authors: Garcia Joshua , Pintens Megan , Morris Amanda , Takamoto Paul , Baumgartner Laura , Tasaka Chelsea L.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Using a reduced dose of 5 units of regular insulin has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia when treating hyperkalemia. The comparative efficacy and safety of this strategy to conventional 10 units is not well established.

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of reduced and conventional dosed insulin for hyperkalemia treatment.

Methods:

Electronic medication administration reports of conventional or reduced doses of insulin given for hyperkalemia treatment were reviewed from July 2013 to September 2015. The primary outcome was reduction in serum potassium.

Results:

Ninety-two administrations of reduced dose insulin and 309 administrations of conventional dose insulin were included. No significant difference was found in potassium reduction between the groups (−0.096 mmol/L, P value = .2210). Post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with serum potassium > 6 mmol/L revealed a lower reduction in potassium in the reduced dose group compared to the conventional dose group (difference: −0.238 mmol/L, P value = .018).

Conclusions

Conventional dose insulin may be more effective than reduced dose regular insulin at baseline serum potassium levels >6 mmol/L in the treatment of hyperkalemia. Frequent monitoring of serum potassium and glucose after administration of insulin is necessary to confirm adequate response and avoidance of hypoglycemia.
Influence of Matrix Modification on the Solid Particle Erosion of Glass/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Kulkarni S.M. , Kishore
Published: September 2018

Solid particle erosion of glass fibre-epoxy composites with the matrix modified by incorporating either carbon black filler or a rubber material known to enhance toughness has been studied, together with a case where both materials are simultaneously included in the resinous matrix. How the semiductile behaviour of the thermoset matrix is affected by the matrix modification formed the primary objective of this work. The erosion weight loss was studied with respect to the angle of impingement. Eroded surfaces of test samples were examined under SEM to observe fracture features. For a matrix containing carbon, the angle for peak erosion remained at 45° despite variations in filler content. But in the case of a rubber toughened matrix, a shift of this angle to 30° is noticed suggesting a change in the mechanism of material removal. When carbon filler was added to the rubber-toughened matrix, it appeared to influence the erosion behaviour.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rolled Polypropylene Sheets
Authors: Nakayama Kazuo , Qi Kun , Hu Xiao
Published: September 2018

Plastic deformation can be applied to the processing or forming of semi-crystalline polymers. This work concerns the drawing of polypropylene (PP) sheets in order to modify their thermo-mechanical properties. PP sheets were rolled at 110°C to induce molecular orientation. A stable drawing process was carried out experimentally using a single-pass rolling technique. The influences of rolling ratio on the structure, molecular orientation, and thermo-mechanical properties of the sheets was investigated. The original PP sheet was opaque. The rolled PP sheets had smooth surfaces and showed high transparency at high rolling ratios. Dynamic mechanical properties of rolled sheets were evaluated by a non-resonant forced vibration method. The dynamic moduli of rolled sheets increased with increasing rolling ratio. Thermo-mechanical properties were improved by rolling. The improvement in properties can be explained by enhanced molecular chain orientation.