bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of 1,6‐Hexanediol Diacrylate Photopolymerization with Spatial Gradients and Film Shrinkage
Authors: El Halabi Alaa , Vo Anh‐Duong Dieu , Abdi Kaveh , Iedema Piet D. , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: November 2024

A dynamic model is proposed to account for shrinkage and swelling during the photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) with the bifunctional initiator bis‐acylphosphine oxide (BAPO) in the presence of oxygen. The model is composed of 14 partial differential equations (PDEs) that are used to track changes in film thickness along with time‐ and spatially‐varying concentrations of monomer, initiator, oxygen, pendant vinyl groups, and seven types of radicals. Shrinkage has a noticeable influence on the model predictions. For a variety of simulated photopolymerization experiments, there is ≈9% discrepancy between predicted overall vinyl‐group conversions obtained from the current model with shrinkage and a previous model without. Prediction discrepancies become larger for simulated experiments involving thin films (8 µm) or low light intensities (1200 W m−2). In the future, it will be important to re‐estimate the kinetic parameters used in the shrinkage model to obtain accurate model predictions for use in process improvement studies.
Orthosis Management in Knee Osteoarthritis: Evaluating Existing Recommendations and Achieving Consensus on Implementation Through the Delphi Method
Authors: Bazancir‐Apaydin Zilan
Published: November 2024

Objective

The available evidence on orthosis management in the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains questionable. This study aims to evaluate existing recommendations and achieve consensus on their implementation through the modified Delphi method.

Methods

Experienced experts in orthosis management for KOA patients participated in three Delphi rounds. Each round involved addressing various questions related to recommended orthosis type such as insole, knee brace, footwear, indications and contraindications, dosage of orthosis usage, follow‐up period, long‐term side effects, fitting, and weaning procedure. Consensus was defined as  ≥ 70% agreement with a question.

Results

Consensus was achieved for all questions. Experts frequently recommended custom‐made insoles, neoprene knee braces, and appropriate footwear. The recommended duration of insole and knee brace usage averaged 3–6 months. Insole usage was advised during all weight‐bearing activities, while knee braces were suggested for 4–6 h per day. Experts recommended orthosis follow‐up for an average of 4–6 months. Reduced compliance with orthoses was highlighted by experts as the most significant long‐term side effect. The fitting of orthoses is typically evaluated through gait analyses, assessment of symptoms and comfort, and observation of the corrective effects on impaired biomechanics in the clinical setting. Besides, experts commonly recommend a gradual weaning process from orthoses.

Conclusions

This study addresses the existing lack of consensus on orthosis management in KOA and provides essential clinical practice recommendations from multidisciplinary experts.
Structural health monitoring of precracked structures using an in‐plane inverse crack‐tip element
Authors: Khalid Ihtisham , Qureshi Zahid Ahmed , Ali Hafiz Qasim , Oterkus Selda , Oterkus Erkan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the application of the inverse finite element method (iFEM) in fracture mechanics by developing a novel two‐dimensional six‐node triangular inverse crack‐tip element. With its simplified formulation, the proposed inverse element is computationally efficient and ensures strain singularity at the crack tip by repositioning midside nodes. Its displacement‐based stress intensity factor (SIF) computation methodology integrates seamlessly with the existing iFEM framework, making it highly suitable for real‐time health assessment of structures with pre‐existing cracks. The inverse element has been rigorously validated for shape‐sensing and mixed‐mode SIF calculations by considering various crack geometries and mixed‐mode loading conditions. The triangular inverse element demonstrates superior flexibility in handling structured and unstructured discretizations in mapping regular and complex geometries, particularly high‐stress gradient areas like crack tips. The study also explores the variational least squares method for optimal sensor placement within the inverse element domain, ensuring accurate shape‐sensing and SIF computations with fewer onboard strain sensors. The proposed inverse formulation, with its accurate shape‐sensing capabilities and precise reconstruction of fracture parameters, represents a significant advancement in the real‐time Structural Health Monitoring of engineering structures with pre‐existing cracks.
Longitudinal Quantitative MRI Provides Responsive Outcome Measures for Early and Late Muscle Changes in ALS
Authors: Diaz Frank , Thornton John S. , Wastling Stephen S. , Asaab Abeer , Morrow Jasper M. , Zafeiropoulos Nick , Bresee Catherine , Allred Peggy , Avalos Pablo , Lewis Richard A. , Baloh Robert H. , Svendsen Clive N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction/Aims

Studies have demonstrated the potential of muscle MRIs to measure disease progression in ALS. However, the responsiveness and utility of quantitative muscle MRIs in an ALS clinical trial remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the responsiveness of quantitative muscle MRIs to measure disease progression in ALS.

Methods

Longitudinal quantitative muscle MRIs were obtained in an ALS study that delivered human neural progenitor cells to the spinal cord (NCT02943850). Participants underwent MRIs at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. MRI measures included fat fraction (ff), water T2 (T
2m), cross‐sectional area (CSA), and remaining muscle area (RMA). Non‐MRI measures included strength via Accurate Test of Limb Isometric Strength (ATLIS) and the ALSFRS‐R. Standardized response means (SRM) were calculated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

Significant increases in muscle FF and decreases in CSA and RMA were seen as early as 1 month from baseline. At 6 months, the most responsive measures were muscle FF (SRMthigh = 1.85, SRMcalf = 1.39), T
2m (SRMthigh = 1.2, SRMcalf = 1.71), CSA (SRMthigh = −1.58, SRMcalf = −1.14), RMA (SRMthigh = −1.77, SRMcalf = −1.28), and strength tested via ATLIS (SRMknee extension = −1.79, SRMknee flexion = −1.3). The ALSFRS‐R was the least responsive at 6 months (SRM = −0.85). Muscle FF and T
2m correlated with ALSFRS‐R leg subscores and MRI measures demonstrated varying degrees of correlation with strength.

Discussion

High responsiveness and low variability make quantitative muscle MRI a novel and complementary outcome measure for ALS clinical trials.
Effect of multidisciplinary medical nutrition therapy on the nutrition status of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang Yilan , Xu Fang , Guo Li , Jiang Wei , Li Jun , Shu Peng
Published: November 2024

Background

Malnutrition is a prevalent complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study established a multidisciplinary team for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to investigate the impact of this approach on enhancing the nutrition, anemic, and microinflammatory status of patients receiving PD.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial study involved 81 patients undergoing PD (n = 41 in the intervention group, n = 40 in the control group). The intervention group received comprehensive MNT management, whereas the control group received standard nutrition care. The intervention spanned a 6‐month period. Various nutrition parameters, markers of anemia, and microinflammatory indexes were assessed before the intervention, at 3 months, and at 6 months postintervention. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance and the nonparametric Scheirer‐Ray‐Hare test were used for within‐group and between‐group comparisons.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, duration of dialysis, primary disease, or baseline prenutrition inflammation data. At 6 months postintervention, the intervention group exhibited higher levels of serum albumin, blood calcium, serum iron, hemoglobin, total iron‐binding capacity, body mass index, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, handgrip strength, and daily energy and protein intake compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated lower levels of subjective nutrition assessment value, C‐reactive protein, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio than the control group (P < 0.05), with no statistically significant differences in other markers after interventions.

Conclusion

Multidisciplinary MNT can ameliorate the nutrition status of patients receiving PD, decrease the incidence of malnutrition, and improve anemia and microinflammatory outcomes.
Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease using protein/peptide co‐modified polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Hanumanthappa Ramesha , Parthasarathy Aravind , Heggannavar Geetha B. , PC Kiran , Nanjaiah Hemalatha , Kumbhar Ramhari , Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna
Published: November 2024

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which protects the brain from foreign molecules, makes delivery of drugs to the central nervous system is challenging. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used over the past decade as drug delivery systems for the treatment of many disorders with great results. However, the effectiveness of NPs in delivering drugs to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited by the BBB. A recent breakthrough in nanotechnology delivery systems involves the use of surface‐modified polymer NPs that enhance drug absorption and transport across the BBB; however, the technology still has some limitations. Studies conducted over the past few years have demonstrated that NPs modified with peptides or proteins can effectively cross the BBB via specific receptors, thus enhancing their delivery efficiency. In this review, we explore the use of polymer NPs combined with peptides and proteins for the treatment of AD and PD. This discussion focuses on the pathophysiology of these diseases, the BBB, and the potential of therapeutics based on co‐modifying NPs with peptides and proteins. Additionally, we outline future directions for the use of polymer NPs conjugated with these biomolecules.
Dysregulated HPA axis during postnatal developmental stages in the BTBRT+ Itpr3tf/J mouse: A model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Endo Nozomi , Hiraishi Atsuo , Goto Sayaka , Nozu Hitoshi , Mannari‐Sasagawa Takayo , Horii‐Hayashi Noriko , Kitsuki Michiko , Okuda Mamiko , Makinodan Manabu , Nishi Mayumi
Published: November 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Some children with ASD show enhanced cortisol response to stress. BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, an ASD model, display behavior consistent with the three diagnostic categories of ASD and exhibit an exaggerated response to stress in adulthood. However, it remains unclear how basal corticosterone levels change and how the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responds to stress during the early life stages in BTBR mice. In this study, we found that basal corticosterone levels showed characteristic changes, peaking at weaning during postnatal development in both BTBR and control C57BL/6J (B6J) mice. Furthermore, we observed higher corticosterone and corticotropin‐releasing hormone levels in BTBR mice than in B6J mice following acute stress exposure during weaning; however, adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were lower in BTBR mice. Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus and lateral septum after stress were higher in BTBR mice than in B6J mice. This study documented changes in corticosterone levels at baseline during postnatal development in mice and showed that BTBR mice exhibited disrupted stress responses at weaning.
A Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Polyester‐Paper Cloth for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Running Motion Sensing
Authors: Deng Xu
Published: November 2024

Paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (P‐TENGs) have recently garnered significant attention in wearable electronics. However, traditional P‐TENGs are constrained by the inherent strength limitations of paper. Hence, we reported a novel polyester‐paper cloth‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (PP‐TENG) designed for mechanical energy harvesting and running motion monitoring. Compared to paper, polyester‐paper cloth has higher durability and tear resistance. The PP‐TENG capitalizes on the unique fluffy internal structure of polyester‐paper cloth, imparting high sensitivity to pressure variations. Experimental results demonstrate that the PP‐TENG achieves an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 466.64 V, a short‐circuit current (Isc) of 48.73 μA, and a transfer charge (Qsc) of 90 nC. Its maximum output power reaches 930.26 μW when connected to a 40 MΩ load. These impressive metrics underscore the potential of PP‐TENG in energy harvesting applications, particularly for wearable electronic devices. The device's integration into the soles of athletic socks showcases its practical utility, providing real‐time monitoring of runners’ gait and step count. This integration not only enhances the functionality of sportswear but also offers valuable data for performance analysis and injury prevention, marking a significant advancement in wearable technology and intelligent textiles. This research provide a promising path for self‐powered wearable sensors and flexible electronics applications.
Quantitative assessment of the thickness of the buccal subcutaneous fat using computed tomography to detect diabetes mellitus
Authors: Atsumi Ryoga , Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Muraoka Hirotaka , Kohinata Yuta , Kaneda Takashi
Published: November 2024

Aim

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a variety of complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. However, detecting DM based on head and neck imaging findings remains challenging. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate the thickness of the buccal subcutaneous fat using computed tomography (CT) for the purpose of detecting DM.

Methods

This retrospective study included 240 patients (91 males, 149 females; mean age, 59.5±12.6 years; range, 17–86 years). DM was defined based on the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association, with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥ 6.0%. Patients with type 1 DM, those with tumor‐related lesions in the head and neck fat pads, and those with CT images showing metal artifacts were excluded from this study. Buccal subcutaneous fat was measured manually at the point closest to the masseter muscle in the axial slice with the thicker buccal subcutaneous fat. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between buccal subcutaneous fat thickness and HbA1c levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut‐off value for detecting DM.

Results

A positive correlation was observed between the buccal subcutaneous fat thickness and HbA1c levels. ROC analysis revealed that a buccal subcutaneous fat thickness of ≥ 10.875 mm indicated DM, demonstrating high sensitivity (82.2%).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the relationship between the buccal subcutaneous fat thickness and HbA1c levels. Thus, DM can be detected based on the buccal subcutaneous fat thickness on CT images.
Multi‐omics analysis unveils the role of inflammatory cancer‐associated fibroblasts in chordoma progression
Authors: Zheng Bo‐Wen , Guo Wei
Published: November 2024

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute the primary cellular component of the stroma in chordomas, characterized by an abundance of mucinous stromal elements, potentially facilitating their initiation and progression; however, this inference has yet to be fully confirmed. In this study, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), spatial transcriptomics (ST), bulk RNA‐seq, multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF), and in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to determine the heterogeneity, spatial distribution, and clinical significance of CAFs in chordoma. ScRNA‐seq was performed on 87,693 single cells derived from seven tumor samples and four control nucleus pulposus samples. A distinct CAF cluster distinguished by the upregulated expression of inflammatory genes and enriched functionality in activating inflammation‐associated cells was identified. Pseudotime trajectory and cell communication analyses suggested that this inflammatory CAF (iCAF) subset originated from normal fibroblasts and interacted extensively with tumors and various other cell types. By integrating the scRNA‐seq results with ST, the presence of iCAF in chordoma tissue was further confirmed, indicating their positioning at a distance from the tumor cells. Bulk RNA‐seq data analysis from 126 patients revealed a correlation between iCAF signature scores, chordoma invasiveness, and poor prognosis. QIF validation involving an additional 116 patients found that although iCAFs were not in close proximity to tumor cells compared with other CAF subsets, their density correlated with malignant tumor phenotypes and adverse outcomes. In vivo and in vitro experiments further confirmed that iCAFs accelerate the malignant progression of chordomas. These findings could provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Experimental and numerical studies of the simultaneous effects of temperature and impact velocity on ballistic behavior of GLARE
Authors: Shirafkan Ali , Majzoobi Gholamhossein , Kashfi Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs), which are constructed from thin metal sheets interspersed with fiber‐reinforced epoxy, are the focus of this study. Specifically, GLARE 2/1, which features a layer of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) sandwiched between two layers of Al 2024‐T3, is examined for its ballistic properties, particularly in aerospace applications. The effects of temperature and velocity on GLARE's ballistic performance are investigated through ballistic tests and simulations. The tests were carried out using a single‐stage light gas gun for three temperatures and seven impact velocities. The ballistic limit, specific absorbed energy (SAE), and failure modes of GLARE under high‐velocity impacts were analyzed in the investigation. Simulations of the ballistic tests were conducted using the LS‐DYNA hydrocode to examine the failure mechanisms and stress distribution within GLARE panels. The findings reveal that GLARE exhibits its highest ballistic limit at room temperature. Additionally, the SAE of GLARE samples decreases with increasing temperature; for instance, at an initial velocity of 167 m/s, the SAE at 60 and 100°C was reduced by 21% and 46%, respectively, compared to the SAE at room temperature. The simulations indicated that over 50% of the kinetic energy was absorbed by the rear Al 2024‐T3 (Al_2) layer of GLARE.

Highlights

Ballistic limit of GLARE decreased with increasing temperature.

Higher impact velocities led to a plugging failure mechanism.

SAE of GLARE reduced as temperature increased.

Al_2 absorbed maximum kinetic energy across temperatures and velocities.

Simulations showed Al_2 absorbed over 50% of kinetic energy.
Navigating the Ethical Landscape of the Artificial Placenta: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cavolo Alice , de Boer Angret , De Proost Lien , Verweij E. J. , Gastmans Chris
Published: November 2024

This systematic review aims at presenting the ethical debate on the artificial placenta (AP) by identifying, distinguishing, and organizing the different ethical arguments described in the literature. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: discussing ethical arguments, on AP, written in English. QUAGOL methodology was used for analysis. Forty‐five articles were included. We identified three themes. First, foundational‐ethical issues. There is disagreement on whether the AP subject should be considered an infant or a new moral entity. While physiologically it stays in the fetus, it sits outside the womb. Second, reproductive ethics issues. Few authors believed that the AP would increase reproductive choices. The majority warned that the AP could limit reproductive choices by creating pressure to use it in healthy pregnancies or as an alternative to abortion. Third, research ethics issues. Publications mostly focused on the selection of the in‐human trial participants. We concluded that AP ethical literature focuses mostly on the potential use of AP as an alternative to abortion or healthy pregnancies rather than on its intended use as a treatment after extremely premature birth. Therefore, we conclude that the current ethical literature on AP is imbalanced: it leans more toward science fiction than actual clinical and technological reality.
Conjugated microporous polymers for task‐specific photocatalysis
Authors: Qin Hao , Li Wen , Li Sizhe , Gao Zhu , Xie Qiujian , Zhang Weijie , Tang Ruiren , Gu Shuai , Tang Juntao , Yu Guipeng
Published: November 2024

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), distinguished by their extended π‐conjugated backbones, nontoxicity and micropore characteristics, provide notable benefits in the development of heterogeneous catalysis systems for task‐specific transformations. This review aims to summarize the up‐to‐date advances in the field of photocatalysis by CMPs, with a particular focus on the applications of CMPs in photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation, pollutant degradation and organic transformation in the last 5 years. Meanwhile, this review also summarizes the major challenges in this field and gives suggestions for the feasible direction of development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modified guaiacol‐based benzoxazines for optical, aggregation‐induced emission and corrosion‐resistant coating applications
Authors: Saravanamuthu Arjitha , Khaja Najimudeen Mohamed Mydeen , Balaji Krishnasamy , Mani Kailasam Saravana , Govindasamy Rathika , Muthukaruppan Alagar
Published: November 2024

Two new kinds of modified bifunctional and trifunctional guaiacol, namely 4,4′‐(bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene)bis(2‐methoxyphenol) (BBM) and 4,4′‐((2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methylene)bis(2‐methoxyphenol) (HBM), were synthesized using guaiacol with respective keto derivatives under appropriate experimental conditions. Two series of benzoxazines were developed with BBM and HBM using various amines (dodecylamine (dda), octadecylamine (oda), furfurylamine (ffa), aniline (a) and 4‐fluoroaniline (fa)) with paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation with a view to utilize them for anticorrosive and optical resistant coating applications. The molecular structures of the synthesized precursors and benzoxazine monomers were characterized using appropriate analytical techniques. The polymerization temperature of the benzoxazines was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. Among the benzoxazine monomers synthesized, the monomer HBM‐fa exhibits the lowest curing temperature (217 °C). Data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the polybenzoxazines poly(BBM‐ffa) and poly(HBM‐ffa) possess higher thermal stability (455 and 425 °C) and higher char yield (54% and 60%) than the other polybenzoxazines. In both series, octadecylamine‐based polybenzoxazines (BBM‐oda and HBM‐oda) exhibited the highest values of water contact angle of 148° and 149° respectively. Additionally, the benzoxazines showed aggregation‐induced emission properties during fluorescence studies. Morphological analyses using different analytical techniques on selected polybenzoxazines were carried out before and after the corrosion process. Results from corrosion studies, i.e. Tafel and Nyquist plots, implied that the polybenzoxazines can be used as effective coating material to protect mild steels from corrosion. Data from different studies suggest that the developed benzoxazines can be used in the form of optical and anticorrosion coatings under thermally harsh and moist environments. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vinyl Ketones Containing Fluorene Skeletons for Acrylic Resins with High Refractive Index and Negative Birefringence
Authors: Ohyama Masatoshi , Yasuda Rie , Kuratani Hirotsugu , Miyauchi Shinsuke , Kohsaka Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

The radical (co)polymerization of 2‐acryloylfluorene (1a) and 2‐acryloyl‐9,9‐dimethylflureoene (1b) with methyl methacrylate and the thermal and optical properties of the resulting (co)polymers are investigated. Because the two methyl groups at the 9‐position prevent the interaction of aromatic rings, the solubility is drastically improved for the homopolymer of 1b. The incorporation of 1b‐units increases both the glass transition temperature (118°C–170°C) and 5% weight‐loss temperature (289°C–354°C). In addition, the refractive index of the polymers at 589 nm increases from 1.49 to 1.65 with higher mole fractions of 1b‐units, whereas the negative birefringence significantly increases. These features are attributed to the restricted bond rotation of the rigid aromatic pendant groups bound to the backbone via an sp2 carbon atom (carbonyl group).
Feasibility planning study of lattice radiotherapy for palliation in bulky tumors
Authors: NP Jayashree , Rao Shreekripa , Singh Anshul , Velu Umesh , Mehta Ankita , Lewis Shirley
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Lattice radiotherapy can potentially deliver high doses to the tumor core, while conventional doses to the periphery resulting in improved response rates in large tumors (> 5 cm). We assessed the feasibility of planning lattice radiotherapy and dosimetrically compared it with conventional radiotherapy.

Methods

This retrospective dosimetric study evaluated 10 patients with large tumors (> 5 cm) treated with palliative intent with a dose of 20Gy in five fractions. High‐dose lattice points were created at doses of 50Gy in non‐hepatic tumors and 35Gy in hepatic tumors. Lattice plans were compared with treatment plans regarding dose coverage and organ‐at‐risk dosimetry.

Results

Treated sites included soft tissue metastases to the neck, lungs, abdomen, pelvis, and liver. The mean lesion volume was 1103 cc (352–3173 cc). The maximum tumor size was 16 cm. The target volume coverage was > 95% in all but one case (88% to achieve organ constraints). Dosimetry and organ‐at‐risk doses were similar in both palliative treatment and simulated lattice plans.

Conclusion

Lattice radiotherapy is feasible in large tumors using volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and achieves good coverage while meeting organ constraints. However, a prospective clinical evaluation is required to confirm its efficacy.
Discovery of novel pyrazoline insecticides
Authors: Chaudhuri Rupsha , Khanna Smriti , Lokhande Pravin , Sable Vikas , Salgado Vincent L. , Wedel Barbara J.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The pyrazoline insecticides, invented by Philips Duphar in the 1970s, provide excellent control of lepidopterans and coleopterans and introduced a novel mode of action (MoA) as sodium‐channel‐blocking insecticides, but were not commercialized due to unacceptable persistence. This MoA is less explored, with only two successfully commercialized insecticides derived from the pyrazoline class – the oxadiazine indoxacarb from FMC (developed by DuPont) and the semicarbazone metaflumizone, co‐developed by BASF and Nihon Nohyaku.

RESULTS

The design and synthesis of novel pyrazoline insecticides with improved biological efficacy and favorable environmental fate profile are described. Their structures are confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Bioassay studies confirmed the insecticidal efficacy of the synthesized compounds against four key species: cotton boll weevil, tobacco budworm, diamondback moth and southern armyworm. Environmental fate profiles of a few representatives were evaluated, and MoA studies confirm that the MoA of these newly synthesized analogs (voltage‐gated sodium channel block) is preserved.

CONCLUSION

We used a chemistry‐driven approach to explore position 5 on the pyrazoline core and a computationally‐driven approach for bio‐isosteric replacement of the aryl amide, leading to two novel pyrazoline sub‐classes with improved insecticidal activities and favorable environmental fate profiles compared to PH 60‐41 (the Philips Duphar compound). The MoA of these novel sub‐classes was also confirmed as block of voltage‐dependent sodium channels. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Artemether Ameliorates Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Restraining Cross‐Talk Between Lipotoxicity‐Induced Hepatic Hepatocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Xu Jia , Cheng Xiaoyan , Wang Qi , Zhang Feng , Ren Xinxin , Huang Kunlun , Hu Yanzhou , Gao Ruxin , Yang Kun , Yin Jingya , Yang Bingqing , He Xiaoyun , Li Yue
Published: November 2024

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has no effective treatment drug. Our previous study initially found that artemether (Art) treatment significantly attenuates NSAH by regulating liver lipid metabolism. This study further elucidates new mechanisms of Art in improving liver inflammation and provides evidence for drug repurposing. Herein, we utilized HFHF diet‐induced animal model and macrophage models to detect the mechanisms of Art in NASH. We confirmed that Art significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, injury, and fibrosis in a high‐fat high‐fructose (HFHF) diet‐induced animal model. Art significantly suppressed the activation of inflammatory macrophages and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β) by reducing serum double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) levels and triggering the AIM2/Caspase‐1/GSDMD signaling in vivo. dsDNA‐induced Caspase‐1 and PI‐positive cells pyroptosis, AIM2 inflammasome activation, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 secretion increase were inhibited by Art in vitro. Furthermore, we found Art effectively suppressed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a typical form of dsDNA, released from free fatty acid (FFA)‐stressed hepatocytes, which further inhibited AIM2 inflammasome mediated‐pyroptosis through decreasing the cleavage of Caspase‐1/GSDMD/IL‐1β. Moreover, inhibition of the AIM2 gene partly reversed the inhibitory effect of Art on macrophage pyroptosis. Impaired mitochondrial structure and function were confirmed in FFA‐stressed hepatocytes and the HFHF‐diet‐induced NASH mouse model, which was reversed by Art treatment. The present study provides evidence for Art as a potential anti‐pyroptosis therapeutic agent for NASH treatment.
Assimilation of Ground‐Based Microwave Radiometer Temperature Observations Into a Convective‐Scale NWP Model for Fog Forecast Improvement
Authors: Thomas Guillaume , Martinet Pauline , Brousseau Pierre , Chambon Philippe , Georgis Jean‐François , Hervo Maxime , Huet Thierry , Löhnert Ulrich , Orlandi Emiliano , Unger Vinciane
Published: November 2024

During the SOuthwest FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) campaign, a unique network of eight ground‐based microwave radiometers (MWRs) has been deployed over the southwestern part of France in order to improve fog forecasting, among other objectives. Observations have been acquired from mid‐autumn to mid‐spring 2019/2020 with the aim of assessing the impact of the assimilation of such observations in the Application de la Recherche à l'Opérationnel à Méso‐Échelle (AROME‐France) numerical weather prediction model during fog conditions. For that purpose, temperature profiles derived from MWR measurements at six different locations have been assimilated for a time period of three months with a three‐dimensional variational assimilation system similar to the one used operationally in the AROME‐France numerical weather prediction model. Positive impacts on AROME‐France one‐hour background and analysis have been obtained, as well as statistically significant temperature improvements for up to eight hours of forecast during all weather conditions. Positive impacts are also demonstrated during fog conditions, both for a single case study and statistically for temperature and fog forecast scores over several fog events.
Hybrid statistical–dynamical seasonal prediction of summer extreme temperatures in Europe
Authors: Famooss Paolini Luca , Ruggieri Paolo , Pascale Salvatore , Brattich Erika , Di Sabatino Silvana
Published: November 2024

Although summer extreme temperatures over Europe are potentially predictable on seasonal time‐scales, state‐of‐the‐art dynamical seasonal prediction systems (SPSs) exhibit low skills in predicting such events in central and northern Europe. This limitation arises from the underestimation of predictable components of climate variability in the model ensemble. However, recent studies suggest that the skills in predicting extratropical climate can be largely improved through statistical postprocessing techniques, which increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the model ensemble. In this study, we evaluate the potential for improving the seasonal prediction skills of European summer extreme temperatures in a multimodel ensemble (MME) of SPSs by applying a teleconnection‐based subsampling technique in the hindcast period 1993–2016. This technique is applied to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA) modes, which are key drivers of summer extreme temperatures in Europe. Results show that the subsampling substantially improves the MME prediction skills of both the summer NAO and EA. Specifically, correlations between the observed and subsampled MME NAO indices improve from to 0.77, and for the EA they improve from −0.11 to 0.84. Similarly, the root‐mean‐square error of the subsampled MME NAO (EA) index improves from 1.06 (1.02) to 0.65 (0.56). Moreover, retaining those ensemble members that accurately represent the NAO teleconnections enhances the MME prediction skills for the summer European climate, including the occurrence of summer extreme temperatures. This improvement is particularly pronounced in central and northern Europe; that is, the regions where current SPSs show the lowest skills in predicting European heat extremes. In contrast, selecting ensemble members that accurately represent the EA teleconnections does not improve the predictions of summer extreme temperatures. This is likely associated with the model deficiencies in realistically representing the spatial pattern of the summer EA and, thus, the physical processes driving summer extreme temperatures.
Satellite Sun‐Safe Controller Design Based on Super‐Twisting Disturbance Observer With Interval Analysis
Authors: Yang Sen , Wang Zhenhua , Dávila Jorge , Raïssi Tarek
Published: November 2024

This article investigates a satellite sun‐safe controller based on a super‐twisting disturbance observer (STDO) with interval analysis. First, a variable gain sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm is proposed to ensure that the satellite can achieve a fixed‐axis rotation and sun‐pointing attitude. The controller gains are adjusted according to the disturbance estimation value and the interval of the disturbance estimation error. The important feature of the adaptation algorithm is in non overestimating the values of the control gains. To achieve the purpose of non‐overestimating, a STDO is constructed to estimate the unknown disturbance. Additionally, the interval of the disturbance estimation error is obtained by interval analysis to update the controller gain in real time. Then, the stability and convergence of the closed‐loop system, including the variable gain sliding mode controller and the super‐twisting observer, are verified by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only performs better in terms of convergence and accuracy than the state‐of‐the‐art sun‐safe controller design method but also achieves more negligible chattering in the presence of disturbance torque compared to the fixed gain SMC method.
Revolutionary Love: Centering the Full Humanity of Children in the Literacy Curriculum
Authors: Braden Eliza , Myers Michele , Thornton Natasha , Rodriguez Sanjuana , Wynter‐Hoyte Kamania
Published: November 2024

This qualitative study explores how teachers implement literacy pedagogies that affirm and engage students despite facing restrictive literacy mandates. We interviewed a focus group of four veteran Revolutionary Loving kindergarten through fifth‐grade teachers from three Title 1 schools in the southeastern United States. Additionally, the study examined how teachers challenged deficit‐oriented beliefs, employed strategies to understand students' cultural and linguistic identities, expanded their knowledge of research‐proven best practices, and created intentional learning communities. Findings revealed several barriers, such as state education laws inhibiting pro‐Black and pro‐Latinx discussions, standardized testing, and mandated scripted literacy curricula. Teachers navigated these barriers by centering students' lives, incorporating supplemental materials, and being responsive to students. Enhancing factors included supportive school environments, mentorship, and professional development. Drawing on culturally relevant pedagogy, culturally sustaining pedagogy, and Revolutionary Love, the study emphasizes the importance of teacher autonomy, culturally sustaining pedagogies, and ongoing professional learning to navigate restrictive mandates and foster student‐centered, liberatory literacy instruction.
Drivers of green consumption: Ethical ideologies and corporate social responsibility in sustainability awareness
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Faisal , Yuan Jingbo , Shahzad Khuram , Huang Yiting
Published: November 2024

In this study, we examine the relationship between various ethical motivations and types of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to better understand the drivers of green consumption behavior in the context of sustainability. The motivations behind green consumption and sustainability are rooted in distinct ethical and social responsibility considerations. We identified distinct ethical ideologies, derived from the two dimensions of the Ethical Position questionnaire—idealism and relativism—as proposed by Forsyth (1980). Data for the study were gathered using convenience sampling, with 1100 questionnaires distributed across China and Pakistan, ultimately yielding 476 valid responses from China and 503 from Pakistan after data cleaning. Our research is set in the contrasting contexts of Pakistan and China, both of which are undergoing significant sustainability transformations. The relevance of CSR initiatives in these settings makes them ideal for studying the dynamics of green consumption through the lens of CSR and ethical ideologies. The findings reveal that different ethical motivations and CSR approaches toward green consumption can significantly contribute to long‐term corporate sustainability. Corporate managers, aware of the growing importance of corporate sustainability, are increasingly focusing on promoting green consumption practices to maintain competitive advantage. Our study addresses how varying ethical ideologies and CSR strategies influence green consumption behavior in the specific cultural and economic contexts of China and Pakistan.
Dynamic Treatment Regimes on Dyadic Networks
Authors: Rizi Marizeh Mussavi , Dubin Joel A. , Wallace Micheal P.
Published: November 2024

Identifying interventions that are optimally tailored to each individual is of significant interest in various fields, in particular precision medicine. Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) employ sequences of decision rules that utilize individual patient information to recommend treatments. However, the assumption that an individual's treatment does not impact the outcomes of others, known as the no interference assumption, is often challenged in practical settings. For example, in infectious disease studies, the vaccine status of individuals in close proximity can influence the likelihood of infection. Imposing this assumption when it, in fact, does not hold, may lead to biased results and impact the validity of the resulting DTR optimization. We extend the estimation method of dynamic weighted ordinary least squares (dWOLS), a doubly robust and easily implemented approach for estimating optimal DTRs, to incorporate the presence of interference within dyads (i.e., pairs of individuals). We formalize an appropriate outcome model and describe the estimation of an optimal decision rule in the dyadic‐network context. Through comprehensive simulations and analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) data, we demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed joint optimization strategy compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art conditional optimization methods in estimating the optimal treatment assignments when within‐dyad interference exists.
Valleytronics: Fundamental Challenges and Materials Beyond Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhang Zhiguo , Liang Jia , Zhu Hanyu
Published: November 2024

Valleytronics, harnessing the valley degree of freedom in the momentum space, is a potential energy‐efficient approach for information encoding, manipulation, and storage. Valley degree of freedom exists in a few conventional semiconductors, but recently the emerging 2D materials, such as monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are considered more ideal for valleytronics, due to the additional protection from spin‐valley locking enabled by their inversion symmetry breaking and large spin‐orbit coupling. However, current limitations in the valley lifetime, operation temperature, and light‐valley conversion efficiency in existing materials encumber the practical applications of valleytronics. In this article, the valley depolarization mechanisms and recent progress of novel materials are systematically reviewed for valleytronics beyond TMDs. Valley physics is first reviewed and the factors determining the valley lifetime, including the intrinsic electron‐electron and electron‐lattice interactions, as well as extrinsic defect effects. Then, experimentally demonstrated and theoretically proposed valley materials are introduced which potentially improve valley properties through the changes of spin‐orbit coupling, electronic interactions, time‐reversal symmetry, structures, and defects. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are summarized to realize valleytronic devices in the future.
High Entropy Oxide Duplex Yolk–Shell Structure with Isogenic Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase as a Promising Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Su Mengfei , Luo Yana , Zhang Xinyu , Li Shengfa , Gao Feng , Lu Qingyi
Published: November 2024

Achieving composition and structure regulation on high entropy materials is a big challenge but will give this kind of new materials a huge boost in energy storage. Herein, a novel high entropy oxide ((CrMnFeCoNi)3O4) duplex yolk–shell structure (DYSHEO) with isogenic amorphous/crystalline heterophase are designed and successfully prepared through a simple microthermal solvothermal reaction followed by mesothermal calcination. The microthermal solvothermal reaction results in high entropy precursor with duplex yolk–shell structure, while the mesothermal calcination (annealing temperature at 450 °C) realizes the precursor transformation to (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 (DYSHEO‐450) with isogenic amorphous/crystalline heterophase structure. The high entropy effect, the duplex yolk–shell structure, and the isogenic amorphous/crystalline heterophase endow DYSHEO‐450 great advantages as lithium‐ion battery anode including reducing ion migration obstruction, accommodating volume expansion, and alleviating the stress. Accordingly, DYSHEO‐450 exhibits high capacities of 1721 mAh g−1@0.5 A g−1, and 1356 mAh g−1@1 A g−1 after 500 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 90.3%. It also shows excellent performances in practical application as anode of a coin‐type full cell. This work provides new ideas and directions for the structural regulation of high‐entropy materials.
Balancing Defects and Microcrystals in Carbon Anodes by Molecular Chemistry Method for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yang Qi , Zhang Yi , Lu Puda , Liu Ziqiang , Jiang Na , Qu Keqi , Ren Zhengbing , Tao Zui , Hou Yifei , Tang Yongchao , Wang Jianli , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2024

Carbon materials with large capacity and low potential serve as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Carbon defects offer active sites for sodium storage but sacrifice reversibility, whereas carbon microcrystals improve conductivity but may suffer from low capacity. Herein, the balance between defects and microcrystals is realized by the molecular chemistry method of cross‐linking and defect repairing. Real‐time spectroscopic analyses reveal that the decomposition of tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) molecule induces the dehydrogenation of pitch to release small gas molecules to form pseudo‐closed pores, followed by the cross‐linking of C═O bonds in TBPA with the dehydrogenated pitch to form C─O─C bonds and thus suppress the excessive microcrystal growth. Meanwhile, the decomposition products of TBPA can also react with the dehydrogenated pitch to repair carbon defects. Thanks to the microstructure balance, the as‐synthesized carbon material exhibits a smoother ion mass transfer channel (d(002) = 0.386 nm, La = 4.56 nm) and a larger storage space (Vpseudo‐closed pore = 0.086 cm3 g−1) than the pitch carbon (PC, d(002) = 0.349 nm, La = 5.90 nm, Vpseudo‐closed pore = 0.041 cm3 g−1), increasing the capacity from 162.5 to 336.5 mAh g−1. This work sheds a chemical light on regulating carbon material microstructure for advanced SIBs.
Selective Laser Doping and Dedoping for Phase Engineering in Vanadium Dioxide Film
Authors: Ma He , Li Yuan , Hao Jianhua , Wu Yonghuang , Shi Run , Peng Ruixuan , Shan Linbo , Cai Yimao , Tang Kechao , Liu Kai , Zhang Xinping
Published: November 2024

Vanadium dioxide (VO2), renowned for its reversible metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT), has been widely used in configurable photonic and electronic devices. Precisely tailoring the MIT of VO2 on micro‐/nano‐scale is crucial for miniaturized and integrated devices. However, existing tailoring techniques like scanning probe microscopy, despite their precision, fall short in efficiency and adaptability, particularly on complex or curved surfaces. Herein, this work achieves the local engineering of the phase of VO2 films in high efficiency by employing laser writing to assist in the hydrogen doping or dedoping process. The laser doping and laser dedoping technique is also highly flexible, enabling the fabrication of reconfigurable, non‐volatile, and multifunctional VO2 devices. This approach establishes a new paradigm for creating reconfigurable micro/nanophotonic and micro/nanoelectronic devices.
Voltage Regulation of SEIG Based on Disturbance Observer‐Lyapunov Direct Method
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Gong Pingping , Lu Ziguang , Li Gaoxiang
Published: November 2024

To deal with the voltage drop of self‐excited induction generator when the loads are fed, a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are used to improve the load capacity of the SEIG and the power quality. Therefore, this paper proposes a Lyapunov‐based control based on a disturbance observer, which constructs a Lyapunov function from the mathematical model and transforms the error‐tracking problem into solving the inner‐loop control law. The control law satisfies the Lyapunov asymptotic stability. To eliminate the impact of model mismatch on the control strategy, a disturbance observer is incorporated into the current inner loop, improving the robustness of inner‐loop. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the sensitivity to line parameters, enhance inner‐loop robustness, and outperform traditional methods in response speed. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.