bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A triradical-containing trinuclear Pd(ii) complex: spin-polarized electronic transmission, analog resistive switching and neuromorphic advancements
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Manamel Litty Thomas , Saha Puranjay , Jana Chinmay , Sarmah Amrit , Mohanan Kannan Udaya , Das Bikas C. , Mukherjee Chandan
Published: October 2024

Unveiling a trinuclear Pd(ii)3 complex comprising of three ligand-centered radicals and its applicability as a memristor for low power neuromorphic computation and the artificial neural network (ANN) simulated efficient pattern recognition.
Photoluminescent lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers based on 2-{[(4-methylphenyl)amino]methylene}-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione
Authors: Smirnova Ksenia S. , Sanzhenakova Elizaveta A. , Eltsov Ilia V. , Pozdnyakov Ivan P. , Russkikh Alena A. , Dotsenko Victor V. , Lider Elizaveta V.
Published: October 2024

Five novel REE(iii) polymers, namely, europium(iii), samarium(iii), terbium(iii), dysprosium(iii) and gadolinium(iii), based on 2-{[(4-methylphenyl)amino]methylene}-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione were obtained by two different synthesis methods.
Rapid solid-state synthesis of Mn3O4 nanocrystals at room temperature
Authors: Chen Wei , Fang Haisheng
Published: October 2024

The developed all-solid-state route can rapidly prepare Mn3O4 nanoparticles at room temperature, which is environmentally friendly, cost-effective and highly productive.
Identification of α-tubulin alpha-1B chain as a target of asiatic acid using chemical proteomics in HepG2 hepatoma cells
Authors: Yang Hong , Yang Bingbing , Teng Yu , Ge Jun , Feng Xinchi , Tian Yulin
Published: October 2024

For the first time, TUBA1B has been identified as the anti-liver cancer target of asiatic acid through the AfBPP strategy.
cisPro stabilization in prolyl carbamates influenced by tetrel bonding interactions
Authors: Banerjee Shreya , Tumminakatti Shama , Ghosh Sudip , Voora Vamsee K. , Prabhakaran Erode N.
Published: October 2024

NMR spectral and theoretical analyses of homologous prolyl carbamates reveal subtle charge transfer tetrel bonding interactions (TBIs), selectively stabilizing their cisPro rotamers.
Revealing the effect of host–guest complementarity in supramolecular monofunctional platinum(ii) drugs
Authors: Paul Shib Shankar , Novotný Jan , Jakubec Jakub , Petrláková Kateřina , Jurček Pia , Rašková Klára , Kuchynka Michaela , Masařík Michal , Kulhánek Petr , Marek Radek
Published: October 2024

Host–guest complementarity is shown to influence the chemical activation by aquation and the biological activity of platinum(ii) drugs.
Asymmetric deep-blue tetrafluorobenzene-bridged fluorophores with hybridized local and charge-transfer characteristics for efficient OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Qi Haoyuan , Huang Hao , Li Jie , Liu Yuchao , Xue Shanfeng , Ying Shian , Shi Changsheng , Yan Shouke
Published: October 2024

Deep-blue HLCT materials boasting rapid radiative rates and bipolar transporting capabilities were achieved by integrating an asymmetric D–A–D′ structure with a novel tetrafluorobenzene acceptor.
Simplistic approach to formulate an ionophore-based membrane and its study for nitrite ion sensing
Authors: Ghorpade Chandrashekhar M. , Umarji Govind G. , Hanamsagar Rohit A. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Shinde Manish D. , Rane Sunit B.
Published: October 2024

Graphical layout for the fabrication of nitrite ion selective membrane, its characterization and optimization for nitrite ion sensing purpose.
3D-printed energy harvesting devices for flexible and wearable electronics
Authors: Patil Ishant G. , Thakur Kanik , Nath Sudhansu Sekhar , Sundriyal Poonam
Published: October 2024

This review describes the potential of 3D-printing of energy harvesting devices for next generation self-powered wearable electronics.
Long range signature of liquid's inertia in nanoscale drainage flows
Authors: Bigan Nathan , Lizée Mathieu , Pascual Marc , Niguès Antoine , Bocquet Lydéric , Siria Alessandro
Published: October 2024

In confinement, liquid flows are governed by a complex interplay of molecular, viscous and elastic forces.
Molecular insights into solid-state photochromism in bulk and confined N-salicylidenes
Authors: Griffiths Kieran , Brough Harry , Bragg Ryan J. , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Griffin John M.
Published: October 2024

The structural basis for solid-state photochromism is uncovered for a model set of N-salicylidenes. Occlusion within a metal–organic frameworks imparts photochromic properties to N-salicylidenes that are non-photochromic in the bulk crystalline state.
Theoretical study on the optoelectronic properties of fluorinated phenylpyrrole-based hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: You Wenhui , Yang Jie , Li Quansong
Published: October 2024

Hole transport materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are crucial for hole transport and exciton dissociation; therefore, developing efficient HTMs is key to improving the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs.
A pyrimidine end-capped electron transport material interacted with silver for improving electron-injection and long-term stability in OLEDs
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Sano Takeshi , Sasabe Hisahiro , Sugiyama Ryo , Matsunaga Amane , Sato Hiroki , Katagiri Hiroshi , Kido Junji
Published: October 2024

We developed a non-Phen electron-transporter named DPmPy-BP. With Ag as an air-stable EIL, DPmPy-BP exhibited superior electron-injection, achieving EQE of 20% and LT50 of 17 000 h at 1000 cd m−2, outperforming the corresponding Phen/Ag device.
W‐band inline waveguide‐to‐coupled microstrip line transition using a compact differential antenna
Authors: Liu Guangru , Zhu Huali , Zhang Tiedi , Zhang Bo , Luo Xiang , Zhang Yong , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin
Published: October 2024

Here, a transition technique for converting signals from rectangular waveguide to coupled microstrip lines (CML) is presented, which provides a solution for differential antenna array feeding of automotive radar. The key to the proposed transition structure is to connect the coupling patches together with a short‐bridge structure, thus forming a quasi‐loop structure. Through the short bridge, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is greatly enhanced, and the mode conversion from TE10 of rectangle waveguide to differential mode of coupled microstrip line is realized effectively under the extremely compact size. Finally, the designed transition structure is manufactured and measured. The experimental results show that the back‐to‐back insertion loss is lower than 0.65 dB and the return loss is higher than 16.8 dB in the W‐band (75–110 GHz), which is the best performance and the simplest design among the relevant transition transitions reported so far.
SiamVIT: A patchwise network for γ-ray point source detection
Authors: Long Ma , Yu Zhang , Zoujian Wei , Xiaotian Wang , Jiarong Xin
Published: October 2024

Aims. Conventional point source detection methods generally work in a pixelwise manner and can hardly exploit the overall semantic information of sources; consequently, these methods usually suffer from low precision. In this work we achieve point source detection in fully patchwise mode by proposing a siamese network called SiamVIT that includes a visual transformer (VIT). SiamVIT can effectively and accurately locate point sources from γ-ray maps with high purity not only in higher flux regions, but also in lower flux regions, which is extremely challenging to achieve with state-of-the-art methods.

Methods. SiamVIT consists of two VIT branches and a matching block. In the feature extraction stage, γ-ray maps are fed into one VIT branch to obtain patch representations with adequate semantic and contextual information, whereas detection templates with location information are fed into the other branch to produce template representations. In the location stage, a patch representation and all template representations are fed into the matching block to determine whether the associated γ-ray map patch contains a point source and where that point source is located, if applicable.

Results. We compare our proposed SiamVIT with the current advanced methods and find that SiamVIT has significantly better purity and completeness and a superior Dice coefficient on the test set. In addition, when point sources overlap, SiamVIT can better distinguish different point sources.
The disc origin of the Milky Way bulge
Authors: Boin T. , Di Matteo P. , Khoperskov S. , Fragkoudi F. , Ghosh S. , Combes F. , Haywood M. , Katz D.
Published: October 2024

Previous studies of the chemo-kinematic properties of stars in the Galactic bulge have revealed a puzzling trend. Along the bulge minor axis, and close to the Galactic plane, metal-rich stars display a higher line-of-sight velocity dispersion compared to metal-poor stars, while at higher latitudes metal-rich stars have lower velocity dispersions than metal-poor stars, similar to what is found in the Galactic disc. In this work, we re-examine this issue, by studying the dependence of line-of-sight velocity dispersions on metallicity and latitude in APOGEE Data Release 17, confirming the results of previous works. We then analyse an N-body simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy, also taking into account observational biases introduced by the APOGEE selection function. We show that the inversion in the line-of-sight velocity dispersion-latitude relation observed in the Galactic bulge - where the velocity dispersion of metal-rich stars becomes greater than that of metal-poor stars as latitude decreases – can be reproduced by our model. We show that this inversion is a natural consequence of a scenario in which the bulge is a boxy or peanut-shaped structure, whose metal-rich and metal-poor stars mainly originate from the thin and thick disc of the Milky Way, respectively. Due to their cold kinematics, metal-rich, thin disc stars are efficiently trapped in the boxy, peanut-shaped bulge, and at low latitudes show a strong barred morphology, which – given the bar orientation with respect to the Sun-Galactic centre direction – results in high velocity dispersions that are larger than those attained by the metal-poor populations. Extremely metal-rich stars in the Galactic bulge, which have received renewed attention in the literature, do follow the same trends as those of the metal-rich populations. The line-of-sight velocity-latitude relation observed in the Galactic bulge for metal-poor and metal-rich stars are thus both an effect of the intrinsic nature of the Galactic bulge (i.e. mostly secular) and of the angle at which we observe it from the Sun.
Evaluation of Carbon Footprint of Automotive Instrument Panel Skin Based on LCA
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Qiu Jun , Liang Xiaolin , Wu Jinlong
Published: October 2024

This study primarily conducted a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis on six types of automotive interior instrument panel skins: Slush-molded PVC skin, PU-coated skin, Genuine leather-coated skin, Injection-molded TPV skin, Injection-molded TPEE skin, and Injection-molded TPES skin. The findings revealed that the leather coated skin had the highest carbon footprint. In contrast, the carbon footprints of the Injection-molded TPV skin, PU-coated skin, and Injection-molded TPES skin were relatively low. Among the six types of automotive instrument panel skins, the carbon emissions from the raw material acquisition stage constituted a significant portion of the total life cycle emissions, marking it as a critical phase in the product’s carbon footprint. Additionally, the study examined the impact of the electric factor on the carbon footprint, finding that the electric factor had the greatest effect on the carbon footprint of the Injection-molded TPEE skin.
Optimizing Insulation Material Selection in Conceptual Building Design: A Simulation-Based Study on Lifecycle Cost and Carbon Emissions
Authors: Yang Yuxi , Xu Mingqin , Miao Zhantang , Ren Penghua
Published: October 2024

Insulation materials play a crucial role in reducing a building’s energy demand and carbon emissions. To optimize building lifecycle costs and reduce carbon emissions, this study developed an energy consumption simulation method specifically for the conceptual design phase of buildings to assess the impact of insulation material selection. Through this method, the study obtained the energy performance of buildings and calculated the lifecycle cost and carbon emissions data. A comparative analysis of different design schemes and material choices was then conducted. The results indicate that a rational selection of insulation materials can significantly reduce related costs by 75% and carbon emissions by 81%. The significant variations in cost and carbon emissions among different conceptual design styles further emphasize the importance of using simulation methods in the early stages of building design to optimize both cost and carbon emissions.
Resources and opportunities of ICT for Chinese rural students in EFL: The pursuit of quality and balanced development in compulsory education
Authors: Chen Jiayi
Published: October 2024

China’s educational equity has advanced recently, and information and communications technology has drawn more attention as a classroom tool and a crucial component of educational equity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the availability, benefits, and drawbacks of ICT technology in rural China’s English as a foreign language classroom. In addition, it will carry out a thorough examination based on China’s most recent education policy. According to the research, using ICT in the classroom might increase students’ motivation and involvement. However, there are certain issues that require collaboration from all societal segments. In reality, in-depth research on the application of ICT resources in rural students’ EFL instruction may work as a template for other developing countries and promote the balanced worldwide expansion of rural education. Theoretically, understanding how ICT resources function to raise the standard of English instruction for rural students is advantageous because it provides a theoretical framework for relevant policy planning.
The Curriculum Mode and Construction Principles of College English Education with Applied Theatre
Authors: Li Zhiruo
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a lot of overseas research on the applied theatre teaching method, especially the research on integrating applied theatre into English teaching in primary and secondary schools has attracted continuous attention. However, there are relatively few studies in Mainland China on applied theatre. Few professors studied the application of English teaching with applied theatre, but they always stop at the primary and secondary stage, lacking penetration into higher education. Moreover, there are problems such as arbitrariness and formalization of English education with applied theatre in practice. Therefore, the English curriculum construction of college English teaching in Mainland China is necessary and meaningful. This paper, which is based on the research and practice of applied theatre at home and abroad, discusses the curriculum mode from the four dimensions of objective, content, implementation and evaluation, and puts forward the three modes and construction principles of college English education with applied theatre.
The influence and development of painting therapy on psychological treatment of Chinese teenagers
Authors: Wang Shihao
Published: October 2024

With the satisfaction of material basis, people have paid more attention to the spiritual field, and psychological treatment has attracted more people’s attention. As an important form of psychological treatment, art therapy plays an important role in regulating psychology. As the group with a high frequency of psychological problems, contemporary teenagers should be the main target of social attention. As an effective healing method that is more easily accepted by teenagers, art therapy needs to be noticed by more people. This article focuses on painting therapy and summarizes the development of art therapy. At the same time, aiming at the Chinese youth group, summarizes the current situation of Chinese art therapy, and puts forward suggestions. This paper has conducted research in two aspects: Firstly, through case studies, the effectiveness of painting therapy was explored; Secondly, through a literature survey, the effectiveness of painting therapy on teenagers was explored, and the influence of different painting styles and different fields on the healing effect is explored. The research results show that painting therapy can effectively improve the psychological condition of teenagers, and natural art is the most effective form of painting for teenagers’ healing effect.
The constraints of stereotypical beauty standards on women
Authors: Lyu Zhihan
Published: October 2024

The allure of idealized body images portrayed in social short videos serves as a poignant reflection of the media's relentless scrutiny of individual appearance and body standards, further exacerbating the pervasive anxieties surrounding personal physicality. Within the pervasive wave of consumerism, bodies become imbued with symbolic consumerist attributes, prompting individuals to meticulously craft their own image in pursuit of societal validation. This pursuit, however, fosters a troubling homogenization of aesthetic ideals, where conformity to prevailing trends often results in physical harm and a distortion of core values. Simultaneously, this relentless pursuit of an idealized image erodes the sense of authentic connection with others, creating a pervasive sense of isolation within individuals. Those ensnared within the confines of new media algorithms find themselves ensnared within an echo chamber, where diverse perspectives and authentic connections are increasingly scarce commodities. To rectify this troubling trend, the media must cultivate a more diverse and inclusive expression environment, one that fosters self-awareness and celebrates individual authenticity. By championing diverse representations and promoting genuine connection over superficial validation, the media can help safeguard the presence of others and resist the pervasive erosion of societal values by consumerist agendas masquerading as entertainment.
Exploring the impact of social media short-form videos on adolescents’ psychological and psychosocial well-being
Authors: Wang Wenjie
Published: October 2024

This research paper examines the positive and negative impacts of social media short-form videos on adolescents’ psychological and psychosocial well-being. In most circumstances, parents and schoolteachers would equal the usage of social media with bad influences and results to their children and students. However, with the rapid development of social media, it is easily accessible to everyone, including adolescents as one of the major user groups. They choose to use social media to meet their certain needs and gratifications. So, there should be some positive impacts that go along with the usage of social media, particularly the short-form videos. Incorporating responses from interviews, this study demonstrates that the short-form videos on social media have both positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts play an important role on the usage of social media, which includes improving recognition level, enhancing social interactive skills, relieving stress level, etc. The adolescents’ social media dependency is not as heavy as most of the adults assume. This paper puts forward several suggestions to allow adolescents to use social media, especially short-form videos, benefiting their psychological and psychosocial well-being to the most and prevent short-form video addiction.
Psychological Impacts of Heavy Media Use: From the Perspective of Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and Social Comparison
Authors: Du Bingjie
Published: October 2024

In today’s times, social media use has become an important part of a mobile phone owner’s life. The present study investigates the psychological impacts of heavy media use, with a particular focus on narcissism, self-esteem, and social comparison. Narcissism in this study was categorised as Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The above factors are strongly associated with an individual’s quality of life. Passive consumption of media tends to decrease self-esteem, while active participation presents a more complex relationship. Practical suggestions for media users, educators, and policymakers are discussed, emphasizing the need for balanced media consumption, enhanced media literacy, and regulatory measures to create healthier media environments. Mitigating the negative impacts of social media requires different entities to play their respective roles in influencing a positive online usage environment. Future research directions are proposed to address existing gaps, including longitudinal studies and interdisciplinary approaches to gain deeper insights into the long-term effects of media use on psychological health.
Exploring Fans' Perceptions of Female Power and Empowerment in Media Communication: A Case Study of Blackpink and Its Fandom
Authors: Li Aixin
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of K-pop culture globally, its popularity has influenced all aspects of culture and media communication. Social media, being dynamic and participatory, allows individuals to express their opinions. While previous studies highlight K-pop's impact in Western countries, the 'Ban on Korean Culture' policy in China presents a unique case worth exploring. This paper references Blackpink and its fandom to discuss the relationship between fandom perception and female empowerment in media communication. Using quantitative methods and thematic analysis, author will analyze comments and posts on Bilibili. Focusing on Blackpink's activities on Bilibili, the study evaluates three specific events involving the group through the lens of female power and empowerment. This paper will explore different representations of female power in their music videos and fan opinions. Additionally, the study considers how agency companies shape celebrity images. The examination includes debates around Lisa’s Crazy Horse event and Jennie's refusal to sing disrespectful lyrics, highlighting diverse perceptions of female empowerment. This study underscores the interplay between cultural communication and localized interpretations, providing insights into how female power and representation are negotiated in K-pop culture, especially on Chinese social media.
An Investigation into Cosmetic Market Strategy of China: A Case Study of Sephora
Authors: Gao Yifei
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the Sephora’s consumer behaviors in Chinese market. With the larger segmentation of the market and changing consumer views of cosmetic products, there are factors of change in Consumer behavior. Sephora is a classic and successful representative in cosmetic industry for a long time, most of their marketing strategies are original and leading trend among most continents. However there has been a downturn in performance over the years. In order to determine the reasons for changes of the situation in recent years, this paper used case study method to analysing different perspectives of Sephora current marketing strategy. The review theoretical framework is based on 4Ps founded by Neil Borden, which applied with detailed explanations in four perspectives to reveal why Chinese market of Sephora are not performing well in last few years compare with the other marketing areas. In addition, three recommendations to correspondence issues divided in different aspects as increase local brands, improving brand awareness, integration into the local marketing market, adjusting price marketing model and business strategy.
Engineering the Travel Vlog: A Comparative Study of Travel and Adventure Content on TikTok in West and Douyin in China
Authors: Zhou Haoyuan
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the differences in travel videos on China's new media platform Douyin and Western new media platform TikTok across multiple aspects. By analyzing a sample of 100 popular travel videos from each platform, the study identifies differences in thematic focus, production techniques, user interaction, and cultural and technological influences. Douyin emphasizes natural scenery and cultural heritage, reflecting Chinese cultural values, whereas TikTok focuses on urban exploration and modern attractions, aligning more with Western preferences for individualism and adventure. In terms of production techniques, Douyin travel influencers prefer using drones and stabilizers for high-quality footage, while TikTok travel influencers favor dynamic, fast-cut editing styles. User interaction on Douyin is community-driven and detailed, whereas on TikTok it is concise and trend-oriented. These findings highlight the roles of culture and technology in shaping content creation and consumption on both platforms, providing insights for content creators and marketers aiming to effectively promote travel on these platforms.
An Analysis of Narrative Techniques and Health Communication Impact in the Medical Documentary Depression and Me
Authors: Yang Jinsong , Zhang Xinli , Li Wanjie
Published: October 2024

This study discusses the narrative strategy of medical documentary and aims to analyze how its narrative technique promotes the effectiveness of health communication to the masses. This study takes Depression and Me as an example, using literature and text analysis. Based on Genette's narratology theory, this medical documentary is analyzed from the aspects of narrative speech and transformed speech in narrative discourse as well as internal focalization (fixed internal focalization and multiple internal focalization) in narrative focalization. It is found that the narrative mode of this documentary is conducive to generating emotional resonance with the audience, thereby improving the public's understanding of depression, and achieving the effect of health communication. However, this study also has problems with sample limitations and subjective interpretation, as well as limitations of data collection methods.
Exodus and Return: A study of spaces in The Summer Before the Dark
Authors: Dai Xinran
Published: October 2024

British writer Doris Lessing (1919-2013) is praised as an epicist of the female experience. In 2007, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Summer Before the Dark, published in 1973, is one of Lessing’s best-selling books. It has been mostly studied from the perspectives of feminism, psychoanalysis, and narratology. This paper adopts an innovative perspective of space theory to analyze the work. Kate, the heroine of the novel, has long suffered from the patriarchal gaze. Kate resorts to a variety of spatial means to escape her original suffering. She tries to get rid of spiritual slavery through her exodus. In the journey, she discovers that only by establishing a firm self can she truly emerge from her spiritual dilemma. Lessing’s pioneering exposition of women’s experience continues in this novel. She points out that the private feelings of women are difficult to find expression in the male-dominated world. The story finally leads to the woman’s psychological liberation and reunion with her family.
Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Lacosamide in a Premature Infant with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Chatmethakul Trassanee , Stanford Amy H. , Rios Danielle R. , Bischoff Adrianne R. , Czech Theresa , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: October 2024

Lacosamide (Vimpat Harris FRC Corporation, 2022 UCB, Inc. Smyrna, GA 30080) is an antiseizure medication, which acts through blockage of voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels. Its recent implementation in the neonatal population has been extrapolated from adult and pediatric data suggesting a favorable safety profile. Of note, preterm infants have unique developmental characteristics that may predispose them to increased risk of adverse reactions. We present a case of a preterm neonate who developed left ventricular dysfunction coinciding with the initiation of lacosamide.
Managing Multiorgan Failure in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Pompili Enrico , Iannone Giulia , Carrello Daniele , Zaccherini Giacomo , Baldassarre Maurizio , Caraceni Paolo
Published: October 2024

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is defined as a clinical syndrome that develops in patients with chronic liver disease characterized by the presence of organ failure and high short-term mortality, although there is still no worldwide consensus on diagnostic criteria. Management of ACLF is mainly based on treatment of “precipitating factors” (the most common are infections, alcohol-associated hepatitis, hepatitis B flare, and bleeding) and support of organ failure, which often requires admission to the intensive care unit. Liver transplantation should be considered in patients with ACLF grades 2 to 3 as a potentially life-saving treatment. When a transplant is not indicated, palliative care should be considered after 3 to 7 days of full organ support in patients with at least four organ failures or a CLIF-C ACLF score of >70. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the management of organ failure in patients with ACLF, focusing on recent advances.
Quality of Sleep Profiles and Mental Health Issues among University Students
Authors: Antúnez Zayra , Vergara Rodrigo C. , Rosa Sebastián , Zapata Javiera , Espinoza Wilson , Ortiz Natacha , Parra Loreto , Santander Jorge , Baader Tomas
Published: October 2024

Objective To detect and characterize sleep quality profiles and to analyze their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 1,861 Chilean students.

Materials and Methods After providing informed consent, the students filled out online questionnaires and received immediate feedback. Hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to detect sleep quality profiles, which were characterized using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate sleep quality profiles with mental health variables. The dendrogram revealed four distinct groups of interest, each with different patterns in the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results The results enabled us to establish four sleep quality profiles based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which were, in different ways, associated with the prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues. A profile of good sleeper was found, which presents good overall sleep quality and mild symptoms of mental health issues. The effective sleeper profile presents poor subjective sleep quality and good sleep efficiency, with mild symptoms of mental health issues. The poor sleeper profile presents poor overall sleep quality, sleeping between 5 and 6 hours and presenting moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sleeper with hypnotic use profile obtains the most deficient results in sleep quality and presents symptoms of severe mental health issues.

Conclusions The present study revealed a strong association and correlation between sleep quality profiles and mental health issues. Four distinct sleep quality profiles were identified, showing notable differences. This understanding enables the application of targeted preventive strategies according to each profile.
Prevalence and Impact of Constipation on Reconstructive Outcomes Following Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Nguyen Theodore V. , Hong Ellen M. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Chernyak Michelle , Chan Daniella , Dilley Katelyn K. , Abiri Arash , Li Ji Y. , Torabi Sina J. , Pang Jonathan C. , Hsu Frank P.K. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: October 2024

Objective Postoperative constipation in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) may provoke undesired straining, which, in theory, may create intracranial pressure shifts and impact skull base reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and contributing factors to postoperative constipation after ESBS, and whether this impacts reconstructive outcomes.

Methods Patients undergoing ESBS between July 2018 and December 2022 at a single-center, tertiary academic skull base surgery program were retrospectively reviewed. Chart reviews were performed to identify average bowel movements per day, indication for surgery, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of chronic pain, length of postoperative bedrest, length of stay (LOS), and postoperative use of opioid analgesics. Additionally, use of a standing stool bowel regimen, as-needed (PRN) stool softeners/laxatives, and enemas were recorded. Constipation was defined as greater than 48 hours without a bowel movement.

Results In total, 213 patients (115 with intradural pathologies) were identified, of which 146 (69%) patients had postoperative constipation. Postoperative constipation was associated with longer bedrest (1.86 ± 0.20 vs. 1.06 ± 0.12 days; p = 0.011); increased morphine equivalent dose (MED) during postoperative days 2, 3, 5, and 6 (all p < 0.05); and total postoperative MED (106.70 ± 14.01 vs. 46.88 ± 8.44 mg; p < 0.001). Additionally, postoperative constipation was an independent predictor of LOS (p = 0.009). There were no differences in postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak between the groups (p = 0.622).

Conclusion Postoperative constipation rates were high after ESBS and likely causative factors include increased immobilization and postoperative opioid use. Standing bowel regimens should be considered in ESBS patients. However, there was no increased rate of postoperative CSF leaks.
Using Hexbugs to model active matter
Authors: Daniel Hannah
Published: October 2024

The inexpensive toy can be used as a macro model for complex physical principles.
Structure and spin of the low- and high-spin states of Fe2+(phen)3 studied by x-ray scattering and emission spectroscopy
Authors: Kabanova Victoria , Sander Mathias , Levantino Matteo , Kong Qingyu , Canton Sophie , Retegan Marius , Cammarata Marco , Lenzen Philipp , Lawson Latévi Max Daku , Wulff Michael
Published: October 2024

The structure and spin of photoexcited Fe2+(phen)3 in water are examined by x-ray scattering and x-ray emission spectroscopy with 100 ps time resolution. Excitation of the low-spin (LS) ground state (GS) to the charge transfer state 1MLCT* leads to the formation of a high-spin (HS) state that returns to the GS in 725 ps. Density functional theory (DFT) predicts a Fe–N bond elongation in HS by 0.19 Å in agreement with the scattering data. The angle between the ligands increases by 5.4° in HS, which allows the solvent to get 0.33 Å closer to Fe in spite of the expansion of the molecule. The rise in solvent temperature from the return of photoproducts to the GS is dominated by the formation dynamics of HS, 1MLCT* → HS, which is followed by a smaller rise from the HS → GS transition. The latter agrees with the 0.61 eV energy gap E(HS)−E(LS) calculated by DFT. However, the temperature rise from the 1MLCT → HS transition is greater than expected, by a factor of 2.1, which is explained by the re-excitation of nascent HS* by the 1.2 ps pump pulse. This hypothesis is supported by optical spectroscopy measurements showing that the 1.2 ps long pump pulse activates the HS* → 5MLCT* channel, which is followed by the ultrafast return to HS* via intersystem crossing. Finally, the spins of the photoproducts are monitored by the Kβ emission and the spectra confirm that the spins of LS and HS states are 0 and 2, respectively.
A bidirectional fifth-order partial differential equation: Lax representation and soliton solutions
Authors: Zang Liming , Yao Lei , Liu Q. P.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the bidirectional fifth-order partial differential equation uttt−uxxxxt−4(uxut)xx−4(uxuxt)x=0, which was proposed as a new integrable equation by Wazwaz [Phys. Scr. 83, 015012 (2011)]. By means of the prolongation structure method of Wahlquist and Estabrook [J. Math. Phys. 16, 1–7 (1975)], we construct a Lax representation for this equation. This enables us to confirm its integrability and identify it as the potential second-order flow in a Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy. We also use the Darboux transformation and present the multi-soliton solutions in the Wronskian form. Finally, we comment on a more general bidirectional partial differential equation.
Development and testing of a novel vibratory compaction instrument considering its natural frequency
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Sang Yong , Jiang Luming , Liao Lianjie
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop a novel vibratory compaction instrument designed for the preparation of large triaxial soil specimens, offering an efficient alternative to the traditional manual specimen preparation process. However, when the motor frequency closely aligns with the natural frequency of the structure, severe resonance phenomena may occur. This paper employed finite element modal analysis, experimental modal analysis, and operational modal analysis techniques to conduct a multi-objective optimization of the structure, aiming to improve the dynamic characteristics. First, the natural frequency and mode shapes of the vibratory compaction instrument were determined via finite element technology. Subsequently, the optimization of this instrument was conducted by integrating the Kriging surrogate model with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Finally, the steel column underwent a modal test using impulse stimulation to ascertain its natural frequency, and the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) approach was employed to conduct an operational modal analysis of the vibratory compaction instrument to determine its modal characteristics. The experimental findings corroborated the conclusions obtained from the finite element analysis, validating the precision of the finite element modal analysis and the rationality of the optimized structure. The research results are of significant importance for improving the preparation efficiency of large triaxial specimen, contributing to advancements in soil mechanics testing.
Degradation mechanism during catastrophic optical damage in 385 nm GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes
Authors: Huang Yujie , Yang Jing , Zhao Degang , Liu Zongshun , Chen Ping , Liang Feng , Hou Yufei
Published: October 2024

The failure mechanism of 385 nm GaN-based ultraviolet (UV) laser diodes (LDs) has been investigated. The degradation factors were studied by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after aging. In degraded UV LD, degradation is easily observed on the anterior cavity facet, with holes found in the epitaxial GaN material, primarily concentrated in the quantum wells and waveguide regions of the LDs. This shows that the degradation may be closely related to the higher photon energy of the UV laser beam emitted by UV LDs. In the aging process of samples, emission of UV lasers leads to deterioration at the interface and in the semiconductor. This degradation leads to continuous heat accumulation and may create a positive feedback loop. Ultimately, this results in the failure of the UV LD. This study presents a possible major factor for the shorter lifetime of UV LD compared to blue LD. Therefore, it is very significant to improve the interface quality for extending the lifetime of UV LDs.
Computational fluid dynamics: Its carbon footprint and role in carbon reduction
Authors: Yang Xiang , Zhang Wen , Abkar Mahdi , Anderson William
Published: October 2024

Turbulent flow physics regulates the aerodynamic properties of lifting surfaces, the thermodynamic efficiency of vapor power systems, and exchanges of natural and anthropogenic quantities between the atmosphere and ocean, to name just a few applications of contemporary importance. The space-time dynamics of turbulent flows are described via numerical integration of the non-linear Navier–Stokes equation—a procedure known as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). At the dawn of scientific computing in the late 1950s, it would be many decades before terms such as “carbon footprint” or “sustainability” entered the lexicon, and longer still before these themes attained national priority throughout advanced economies. The environmental cost associated with CFD is seldom considered. Yet, large-scale scientific computing relies on intensive cooling realized via external power generation that is primarily accomplished through the combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to carbon emissions. This paper introduces a framework designed to calculate the carbon footprint of CFD and its contribution to carbon emission reduction strategies. We will distinguish between “hero” and “routine” calculations, noting that the carbon footprint of hero calculations—which demand significant computing resources at top-tier data centers—is largely determined by the energy source mix utilized. We will also review CFD of flows where turbulence effects are modeled, thus reducing the degrees of freedom. Estimates of the carbon footprint are presented for such fully and partially resolved simulations as functions of turbulence activity and calculation year, demonstrating a reduction in carbon emissions by two to five orders of magnitude at practical conditions. Besides generating a carbon footprint, the community's effort to avoid redundant calculations via turbulence databases merits particular attention, with estimates indicating that a single database could potentially reduce CO2 emissions by approximately O(1) × 106 metric tons.
AISI D2 steel machining and manufacturing process optimization for tooling applications in biomedical industry
Authors: Tlija Mehdi , Rashid Tayyiba , Sana Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: October 2024

Tool steels such as AISI D2 are famous in the manufacturing industry because of their engineering applications. The precise interplay of improved hardness and toughness makes the machining of complex geometries challenging through conventional machining options. Therefore, non-conventional processes such as wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) are preferred because of their simultaneous machining and surface modification actions. To investigate the complex process parameters and their sensitivity, material removal rate (MRR) and cutting surface roughness (SR) are the corresponding performance measure characteristics for WEDM machining on AISI D2 tool steel. The L18 mixed-level Taguchi technique has been used for obtaining combinations of experiments on two levels of thickness and three levels of other remaining factors (21 × 33). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise ratio have been applied to measure the magnitude of effects on each control factor, to investigate the optimum levels of input process parameters on machining characteristics, and to identify their significance. ANOVA analysis revealed that, for both responses, all main effect variables are highly significant, with p-values equal to zero. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (R2) value in the ANOVA findings for both responses is above 97%, indicating the high reliability of the model. In addition, the composite desirability (dG) is considered to maximize MRR and minimize the SR during WEDM of D2; the better combination of optimum levels of machining parameters (T = 25.4 mm, Pon = 4 µs, SV = 95 V, and WT = 5 kg-f) has a dG of 0.5614.
Sound speed determination in copper shock compressed to 190 GPa
Authors: Hawreliak J. A. , Winey J. M. , Toyoda Y. , Zimmerman K. , Gupta Y. M.
Published: October 2024

Sound speed measurements in shock compressed solids have long been valuable for the development of equations of state at extreme conditions, shock-induced phase transformations, and a comprehensive characterization of the thermophysical response of high-pressure standards. We present results from plate impact experiments to 190 GPa to determine the longitudinal sound speed in copper—an important high-pressure standard. Surprisingly, the sound speeds determined using the two most common experimental techniques—the front surface impact (FSI) approach and the release wave overtake (RWO) approach—diverge significantly for stresses greater than ∼100 GPa. Further analyses, including numerical simulations, show that the FSI experiments provide the correct sound speeds and that fundamental assumptions underlying the RWO method are likely violated due to the complex release response of shock compressed copper. The sound speeds determined using the FSI approach provide for a more accurate high-pressure description of copper in dynamic compression experiments. The present findings are in contrast to the results for shock compressed silver [Wallace et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 214106 (2021)], where both methods provided consistent sound speed results. Thus, the findings presented here demonstrate the need to experimentally verify the validity of the RWO method on a case-by-case basis. Finally, we note that even at the high stresses in the present work, the copper unloading response shows a time-dependent, quasielastic response often observed in metals at lower stresses.
Spin-torque nano-oscillators and their applications
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Yao Linrong , Wang Shun , Wang Di , Liu Long , Kumar Akash , Awad Ahmad A. , Litvinenko Artem , Ahlberg Martina , Khymyn Roman , Chung Sunjae , Xing Guozhong , Åkerman Johan
Published: October 2024

Spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) have emerged as an intriguing category of spintronic devices based on spin transfer torque to excite magnetic moment dynamics. The ultra-wide frequency tuning range, nanoscale size, and rich nonlinear dynamics have positioned STNOs at the forefront of advanced technologies, holding substantial promise in wireless communication, and neuromorphic computing. This review surveys recent advances in STNOs, including architectures, experimental methodologies, magnetodynamics, and device properties. Significantly, we focus on the exciting applications of STNOs, in fields ranging from signal processing to energy-efficient computing. Finally, we summarize the recent advancements and prospects for STNOs. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for readers from diverse backgrounds, offering a concise yet comprehensive introduction to STNOs. It is designed to benefit newcomers seeking an entry point into the field and established members of the STNOs community, providing them with insightful perspectives on future developments.