bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of the IES Cleanroom Flow Modeling Exercise
Authors: Kuehn Thomas , Pui David , Gratzek James
Published: November 2020

Six contributed solutions to the Cleanroom Flow Modeling Exercise sponsored by the IES Computer Applications/ Cleanroom Modeling and Evaluation Working Group are compared with each other and with experimental data obtained in a cleanroom configuration similar to that defined in the exercise. Quantitative comparisons are given for time-averaged airflow velocity magnitude and direction and particle concentration. The good agreement between the measured and computed velocity results shows that numerical models can accurately predict the flow pattern in this configuration. However, the particle concentration agreement is not as good.
Methodology of Developing A Combined Environmental Stress Schedule for Reliability Growth Testing: Part I. Determining the Environmental Stresses from an Operational Mode Summary/Mission Profile (OMS/MP)
Authors: Lipp Louie
Published: November 2020

This article, the first of a three-part series, describes how to develop an environmental test schedule for military, groundmobile equipment installed on a tracked vehicle based on the user's mission profile. The test schedules combine both operational and storage environmental stresses. Part I describes the equipment to be tested, provides a general overview of its mission profiles, and identifies appropriate climatic conditions. Part II discusses the complexities of the tracked-vehicle vibration environment, including research conducted in the Arizona desert and the Alaskan arctic. Part III compares test profiles based on excluding benign environmental phases with profiles that include benign stress conditions.
A Round Robin Exercise on Road Transportation Data
Authors: Richards D. , Hibbert B.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of a round robin exercise undertaken recently under the auspices of the Transportation Stresses Working Group of the Committee of European Environmental Engineering Societies (CEEES). Twenty-two agencies from six European countries participated in this work. Each participant undertook the analysis of an identical piece of measured data. The majority of the participants reported the data analysis, and many also derived test severities. This paper presents a basic comparison of the responses and assesses the results.
Vibration Test Time Compression and MIL-HDBK-781 vs. MIL-STD-810E
Authors: Caruso H. , Szymkowiak E.
Published: November 2020

This paper defines test time compression issues associated with vibration testing as described in MIL-STD-810E and MIL-HDBK-781. Differences and similarities associated with the test goals and application of each document are examined. Use of these documents for establishing test time compression algorithms related to fatigue life (durability) and reliability evaluations is discussed. Specific inconsistencies between the vibration models in each document for jet aircraft equipment are identified. Recommendations are offered for bringing these documents into agreement to provide increased uniformity and correlation of results throughout a test program.
Pollution Prevention/Environmental Life Cycle Impact Analyses: Are Your Products Affected?
Authors: Mendias Michael , Sliter Julie
Published: November 2020

Pollution prevention is a concern to numerous industries. Aerospace manufacturers have a new challenge in the technical arena known as life cycle environmental engineering. The Department of Defense (DoD) now incorporates these requirements into its acquisition policies and directives. The focus is to minimize or eliminate the use of hazardous materials throughout the life cycle of future DoD products. This new and emerging technology necessitates that another element be added to the design, manufacturing, testing, and maintenance of DoD products. Aerospace industries must incorporate this task into their business objectives if they are to compete in today's defense marketplace. This paper answers questions concerning DoD directives and explains how companies can develop an approach to meeting these environmental life cycle requirements.
Where Have All the Sages Gone?
Authors: Williamson Roger , Tanner Stephen
Published: November 2020

This paper explores various mindsets or paradigms that govern how we consider environmental factors in materiel system design and testing. It particularly cautions against hidden paradigms that may restrict initiatives to increase the efficiency of the materiel acquisition cycle. It also explains paradigm shifts from producing and testing prototypes to substituting simulation for hardware where possible to save time and reduce costs. The key factor in shifting successfully from hardware to simulation is the sage advice and guidance of environmental experts whose basic knowledge of environmental effects is essential in efforts to structure information and experience into databases, models, and simulations. It is shown how the Institute of Environmental Sciences (IES) plays a key role in bringing experts together to address the Department of Defense (DoD) synthetic environment science and technology thrust.
Interactions of Ceramic, Metallic and Polymeric Filters with Gaseous Contaminants
Authors: Haider Asad , Ma Ce , Shadman Farhang
Published: November 2020

Outgassing characteristics of ceramic, metallic, and polymeric filters for H2O, O2, CO2, and CH4 were explored using APIMS. The outgassing data have been normalized with respect to the parameters that varied from one filter to the other. Hydrocarbon outgassing is also explored both at room temperature from freshly installed filters and at elevated temperatures. Polymeric filters appeared to be more transparent but did show hydrocarbon outgassing when heated to 50°C.
Effect of Plenum Chamber Configuration on Airflow Uniformity in Unidirectional Flow Cleanrooms
Authors: Xie Guoping , Suwa Yoshihide
Published: November 2020

Uniformity of airflow distribution in a unidirectional flow cleanroom has been studied experimentally and numerically. The influence of the height of the plenum chamber and the velocity of airflow introduced into the chamber on the airflow uniformity are investigated experimentally. In addition, a numerical simulation method to predict airflow uniformity is proposed, taking into account the characteristics of the pressure loss of the filter. The calculation domain in this study includes not only the cleanroom but also the plenum chamber and the exhaust chamber. The validity of the numerical method is also verified by comparing the simulation results with the experiments. Finally, the numerical method is used to obtain an appropriate height for the plenum chamber.
Estimating the Lifetime of Electropolished Stainless Steel (EPSS) Tubing in Corrosive Gas Services
Authors: Wang Hwa-Chi , Doddi Govind , Chesters Stephen
Published: November 2020

Tubing lifetime in HCI service, defined as the time to begin particle shedding due to corrosion, can be estimated by the method described in this paper. This could provide an additional selection criterion for materials used in corrosive applications. In this method, particle shedding by a length of electropolished stainless steel (EPSS) tubing is measured before and after its controlled exposure to 100 percent HCl. The shedding is measured in dry nitrogen at several different flow rates. The experimental variables are moisture concentration, exposure duration, and shedding flow rates. A dosage-response model is used to correlate the particle data with a combined dosage parameter of moisture concentration and exposure duration. The time for the tube to begin to act as a particle source under HCl exposure is then estimated as follows. For a given allowable particle level C, at a specified flow rate, the dosage parameter X can be determined from C = exp (a+bX) where a and b are constants obtainable from the experimental correlation. Once the dosage parameter X is obtained, the lifetime of the EPSS tubing in HCl service can be estimated from

{H2O in ppm} x {Lifetime in days} = X

For EPSS tubing exposed to 100 percent HCl with I ppm moisture concentration, this method estimates 2.3 yr for this tubing to shed particles greater than 10 particles/scf at a 3.531 scfm (100 slm) flow rate. This estimate is in line with field experience.
A Proposed Method of Standardizing Shock Machines Using SRS Analysis
Authors: Henderson George
Published: November 2020

A proposed method of standardizing shock machines in terms of the spectral fidelity of their shock accelerations is presented. The paper provides enough SRS theory to aid the reader in understanding the proposed method and in evaluating the results. A set of normalized SRS spectra for nominal pulses of the types used on shock machines is described. Finally, the paper presents a five-step procedure for the use of analysis and comparison with expected SRS results for the nominal shock machine acceleration pulses.
Using Simulation to Optimize Gas Distribution System Cost and Performance
Authors: McAndrew J. , Jurcik B. , Znamensky D.
Published: November 2020

The numerical simulation of the behavior of gas distribution systems is a powerful tool which can be used to convert the often-confusing results of tests on individual components into a coherent picture of the whole system. An approach to numerical simulation and an example of its use to specify sampling lines connecting the main gas line to moisture analyzers is presented. Although several useful models have been presented for tubing, we are not aware of any satisfactory model for the moisture interaction of particle filters, which are often more important in determining the overall response of a gas delivery system. A model for particle filters is outlined and its predictions are compared to experiment. The criteria for the validation of numerical simulation methods are discussed briefly.
Effects of Phase Relationship in Helicopter Vibrations
Authors: Richards D. , Neale M.
Published: November 2020

This paper sets out the results from work instigated to determine the significance of the phase relationship occurring between the vibration responses arising from helicopter rotor blade passing frequencies. The work was initiated by an inquiry from the UK Ordnance Board as to whether the phase relationship between rotor blade passing harmonics should be included within the test requirements for ordance carried in helicopters. The results of the study indicated that the effects of phase relationship are significant over certain ranges of response frequencies and are sufficient to require consideration when setting test vibration amplitudes. However, the study also indicated that specifying a particular phase relationship for testing purposes is not usually necessary, especially for equipment that may be used at different locations within the helicopter.
Design and Certification of High Purity Delivery Systems for Semiconductor Wafer Cleaning Chemicals
Authors: Grant Donald , Smith Dan , Palm Peter , Wang Faa-Ching , Charest Danny , Campaneria Juan , Wai Loh , Lye Irene , Yeo Sock , Sing Chen , Tey K. , Kaur Devinder
Published: November 2020

The wafer cleaning procedures used in new semiconductor manufacturing facilities require extremely high purity chemicals. Delivering chemicals of this quality requires careful management of the chemicals from their manufacturing site to the points of use (POUs) within the wafer fabrication facility (fab). Chemical management includes proper chemical production, transportation to the wafer fab and design and operation of the chemical delivery system within the fab. This paper describes the technology used to supply 15 different types of chemicals to more than 60 POUs in the TECH Semiconductor wafer fab in Singapore. The certification and continuous monitoring program confirms sub-ppb chemical delivery with particle concentrations of < 3 particles/ml at ≥ 0.2 μm. Several challenges associated with the initial design and installation of the chemical delivery system and their resolution are also described.
Filtration of Real-World Particles in Liquids by Microporous Membrane Filters
Authors: Lee Jae-Keun , Liu Benjamin , Rubow Kenneth , Yoo Seong-Ho
Published: November 2020

The filtration effect of irregular-shaped, real-world particles, such as silicon, alumina, and silicon nitride particles, has been experimentally investigated using 0.1, 0.22, and 0.45-μm-rated polyvinylidence difluoride (PVDF) and 0.2-μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters. Particle retention tests were performed by measuring particle concentrations upstream and downstream of the test filter using an automatic liquid-borne laser particle counter (LPC). The test apparatus for the particle retention studies used a pump-driven water recirculating system.

Zeta potential values play an important role in liquid filtration. The higher-charged particles, such as PSL and silicon, degraded filter efficiency during filter loading, while the lower-charged alumina and silicon nitride particles achieved complete retention over the entire range of test particle size, i.e., from 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm. Experimental results showed that if the filter and contaminant particles had a high charge of similar polarity, the electric double layers would interact in a repulsive manner, making the adsorptive deposition of the particle unfavorable and leaving sieving as the active filtration mechanism. If the contaminants had a low charge, they coagulated due to colloidal instability and were easily retained on the pore surfaces.
SEMATECH Minienvironment Benchmarking Project
Authors: Rothman Laura , Miller Robert , Wang Richard , Baechle Tim , Silverman Steve , Cooper Douglas
Published: November 2020

A thin films fabrication facility using minienvironments and product-handling automation was benchmarked to determine the extent to which isolating products from the cleanroom avoids contamination. Data were collected from tests that simulated production conditions while controlling random variables. The study found that isolation factors of at least 1000 were demonstrated by settling wafer data, and 10,000 by aerosol data. In general, lowered room airflow did not significantly degrade minienvironment cleanliness. In addition, the study investigated reliability, electrostatic charge and electromagnetic interference issues, and materials outgassing.
Rational Vibration and Structural Dynamics Evaluations for Advanced Technology Facilities
Authors: Medearis Kenneth
Published: November 2020

This paper provides an overview of structural and mechanical vibration analyses for those responsible for the design and construction of micro-electronics and other advanced technology facilities. Analyses are based on the premise that individual system elements are dynamically related to one another. The dynamic characteristics of each component must be properly represented in a "total system" analytical model to depict realistic situations. The limitations of isolation techniques are discussed, especially with regard to computer-chip-manufacturing machines ("tools") and Fans. Fan design resonant speed values are usually not available from the manufacturer and thus must be calculated and evaluated for adequacy. Easy-to-use displacement response vs. static stiffness plots are presented for use in preliminary design. These plots define criteria that facilitate optimizing floor framing structural systems and minimizing associated costs.
Measurements of Impurities in Liquids with a Nonvolatile Residue Monitor
Authors: Xu Mindi , Chang-Chien Su-Yen , Wang Hwa-Chi , Blackford David
Published: November 2020

The PMS (Particle Measuring Systems, Boulder, Colorado) nonvolatile residue monitor (NVR monitor) has been used to measure residues in isopropyl alcohol, tap water, and solutions prepared by dissolving different salts in deionized (DI) water. The instrument was operated in the batch and on-line modes mostly with the heater on. The manufacturer's calibration was confirmed with KCl solutions of different concentrations. The results show that the instrument responded linearly to the concentration change of solutes in DI water and had excellent repeatability. However, the instrument's response depends strongly on the solutes.
A Proposed Method to Standardize Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) Analysis: To Provide Agreement Between Tests Performed at Different Facilities
Authors: Smith Strether , Hollowell Bill
Published: November 2020

Discussions among practitioners of the shock-testing art and a series of round robins have shown that the results obtained from mechanical shock experiments performed in different laboratories very widely. To emphasize the problem, it has been found that different generations of hardware/software systems from one of the major system vendors produce results that disagree by up to 30 percent. A 1995 paper described a study that examined some of the critical parameters that affect shock response spectrum (SRS) results and reported on their use by some of the practitioners in the field.1 The paper showed that parameters such as anti-alias filter characteristics, ac-coupling strategies, and analysis algorithm/strategy can strongly affect the results and that they are not uniformly applied by system suppliers or users. This paper discusses the problem further and presents an analytical procedure that may be applied to achieve agreement between the data sets acquired and analyzed by different laboratories.
A Systematic Approach to Hardware Qualification
Authors: Barela Phillip , Cornford Steven
Published: November 2020

A systematic approach for the development of a hardware qualification approach is described. This approach stems from the need to address the "Catch-22" of not flying new technology because it has not flown. A physics of failure approach is used to identify failure modes, and the impact and likelihood of these failures on the mission requirements is plotted in a Requirements Matrix. These same failure modes are plotted against the effectiveness of the available preventions, analyses, control, and tests (PACTs) at screening for, or eliminating, these failure modes in a test effectiveness matrix. Matrix multiplication results in a ranked set of PACTs that can be sorted according to cost and redundancy with other PACTs. This and other information resulting from the process allows project managers to make more informed decisions regarding the cost and risk tradeoffs inherent in any qualification program.
What Is the Shelf Life of Electronic Specialty Gases?
Authors: Fine Stephen , Henderson Philip
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we review shelf-life studies on several ESGs and discuss the fundamental issues of chemistry and physics related to the purity of ESGs as a function of both time and usage of the cylinder. We show that, in almost all cases, the shelf life of an ultrahigh purity ESG packaged in a well-prepared and passivated cylinder is at least 2 to 3 yr. The performance of cylinder valves is also a key concern regarding the shelf life of the cylinder package. The purity, integrity, and functionality of the cylinder valve must be maintained over the shelf life of the product. The results of lifetime testing of the functionality and particle cleanliness of cylinder valves are shown. The tests show that the purity and functionality of the cylinder valves in corrosive gas service can be maintained for at least 2 to 3 yr if proper gas-handling procedures are used. These procedures are the single most important factor in determining the lifetime of a cylinder valve in corrosive gas service.
Use of a Beryllium Hopkinson Bar To Characterize a Piezoresistive Accelerometer In Shock Environments
Authors: Bateman Vesta , Brown Fred , Davie Neil
Published: November 2020

The characteristics of a piezoresistive accelerometer in shock environments are being studied at Sandia National Laboratories in the Mechanical Shock Testing Laboratory. A Hopkinson bar capability has been developed to extend our understanding of the piezoresistive accelerometer, in two mechanical configurations, in the high-frequency, high-shock environments where measurements are being made. In this paper, the beryllium Hopkinson bar configuration with a laser doppler vibrometer as the reference measurement is described. The in-axis performance of the piezoresistive accelerometer for frequencies of dc-50 kHz and shock magnitudes of up to 70,000 g as determined from measurements with a beryllium Hopkinson bar are presented. Preliminary results of characterizations of the accelerometers, subjected to cross-axis shocks in a split beryllium Hopkinson bar configuration are presented.
Optimization of a Minienvironment Design Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Tannous A.
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the use of a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code for the design and optimization processes of a minienvironment mounted on a wafer process tool. The three-dimensional code was used to predict the air velocity flied and pressure distribution in the minienvironment based on a finite volume approach. The geometric model consists of the minienvironment, the tool surface, and the integrated I/O Indexer interfaces. The airflow in the minienvironment (with a conceptual design configuration) was simulated. The results prompted a design change. The new design has a desirable airflow for a more effective minienvironment performance. Particular attention was paid to air recirculation zones that could potentially trap particles generated during the process and to maintaining a positive differential pressure to prevent cross contamination. CFD was shown to be an important step in the design process.
Low-Contamination Fabric Tapes for Disk Polishing, Texturing, and Buffing
Authors: Skoufis John , Africk Cary , Cooper Douglas
Published: November 2020

Fabric tapes are used in many areas of magnetic media (thin-film disk) preparation in the data storage industry: polishing, texturing, and lube buffing. Tapes are more commonly used than pads for such applications, partly because the continuous supply of new tape during operation provides improved uniformity in comparison to the inherent discontinuities involved in pad conditioning/use/conditioning/use. (Simple modeling shows tapes tend to produce more uniform material removal than pads, although this is not universally true.) An important quality issue (in addition to reproducibility, uniformity, and planarity) is contamination control. Contamination by particles will be even more important as slider flying heights are reduced. Molecular contaminants are also important because some species can lead to the loss of lubricant on areas of the disk. Ionic species adsorb water preferentially from the air and thus can accelerate corrosion. Steps taken to minimize fabric contamination include careful selection of starting materials, control of the processing environment and processing variables, and cleaning the fabrics before they are made into tapes. New tape materials are likely to give new operating options, as well as new quality control problems, and some of these are discussed.
The applications of transcranial doppler in ischemic stroke
Authors: Finnsdóttir Herdis , Szegedi István , Oláh László , Csiba László
Published: November 2020

This overview provides a summary of the applications of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in ischemic stroke. A fast-track neurovascular ultrasound protocol has been developed for detecting occlusion or stenosis. The technique is more reliable in the carotid area than in the posterior circulation. By monitoring the pulsatility index the increased intracranial pressure can be diagnosed. TIBI score was developed for grading residual flow. TCD has been shown to accurately predict complete or any recanalization. Regarding recanalization, TCD has a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 88%, a positive predictive value of 96%, a negative predictive value of 78% and an overall accuracy of 91%, respectively. Sonothrombolysis seemed to be a promising application but randomized controlled trials have shown that it does not improve clinical outcome. TCD examination can detect microembolic signals (MES) which are associated with an increased risk of stroke. Microemboli were detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and during carotid endarterectomy. The number of microemboli can be decreased by antithrombotic therapy. Contrast enchanced examination and Valsalva maneuver with continuous TCD monitoring can accurately screen for right-to-left shunt.
Obesity and overweight among childhood in France: a systematic review
Authors: Charles Dominique , Williams Lea
Published: November 2020

The childhood obesity has been a dramatic increase during the past 3 decades. The rate has more than tripled, and the current prevalence remains high among children across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. The search was carried out using Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus considering articles published from February 17, 1998 until February 2, 2014 reported the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among childhood samples. Only original studies which met the eligible criteria were included in this review. Purpose of present study is to describe the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity, as well as its co-existence with stunting, among childhood. Prevalence and odds of obesity and overweight, differentials in which were examined by bivariate and logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight and obese childhood increased significantly between 1998 and 2014.Tthe prevalence of overweight and obese childhood was 35.0-48.8 (95% CI: 36.6-27.1, 48.2-52.4), and 22.3-36.7 (95% CI: 22.2-33.0, 34.9-36.8). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in France childhood were low in 1998 and there has been a rapid increase since then. If this trend continues, overweight will soon reach epidemic proportions.
Use of the ammonia breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: E. M. J. Karthikeyan , P. Alagappan , R. Sisir Gadisetti
Published: November 2020

Background: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infections in humans with a prevalence of 50% worldwide. Cheap and effective diagnosis is the first step of eradication. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ammonia breath test in the diagnosis of H. pylori.Methods: A total of 100 patients with symptoms of gastritis. All patients underwent the ammonia breath test, rapid urease test, and histopathological examination.Results: The ammonia breath test had a sensitivity of 91.04%, a specificity of 87.87%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.84%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.85%. The rapid urease test demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.07%, a specificity of 93.93%, a PPV of 94.61%, and an NPV of 75.6%.Conclusions: The ammonia breath test is a cheap and viable alternative in the early diagnosis of H. pylori infections.
Comparative study in healing process and complications inpatient undergoing ventral hernia mesh repair with and without the usage of collagen granules
Authors: Subburaaj A. P. , Joycey Sahaya Rani , S. Preethiya , Balaji Arun , Yusaf Nabeel
Published: November 2020

Background: Ventral hernias are the second most common type of hernias accounting for 21 to 35% of all types of hernias. Collagen is defined as an endogenous substance that forms an important structural component in connective tissue. Collagen granules have an advantage with a reduction in inflammatory cells during healing resulting in decreased days of healing. This study is to compare the outcome of a patient with and without collagen granules usage during ventral hernia open mesh repair.Methods: This prospective comparative study was done in 50 cases of ventral hernias admitted to the department of surgery in VMKV Medical College, Salem between periods of March 2018 to October 2019 were chosen for the study. The test group was treated with collagen granules and the control group was collagen granules not been used during ventral hernia mesh repair.Results: Most common surgical approach used in ventral hernia is open mesh repair. The study shows a group of patients where collagen granules are used after mesh fixation has faster wound healing, reduced seroma, and hematoma collection, and reduced hospital stay, reduced infection compared to the group of patients who undergone non-collagen closure.  Conclusions: The study shows a group of patients where collagen granules are used after mesh fixation has faster wound healing, reduced seroma, and hematoma collection, and reduced hospital stay, reduced infection compared to the group of patients who underwent non-collagen closure.
Incidence of glucose level abnormalities in neonatal sepsis and its association with mortality
Authors: Parvathi K. S. L. , Soma Santosh Kumar , Thanda Prasad
Published: November 2020

Background: Plasma glucose abnormalities were previously noted in neonatal sepsis, but data in neonates is limited and the association with mortality is not established. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of plasma glucose abnormalities among newborns with sepsis and their association with mortality.Methods: This was a prospective observational study including 50 neonates with suspected, probable and proven sepsis. Plasma glucose level was measured within 2 hours of admission and the patients were monitored till discharge or death. The patients were divided into hyperglycaemic, hypoglycaemic and normoglycemic subgroups as per the serum glucose levels.Results: Majority (56%) were noted to have normoglycemia, followed by hypoglycaemia in 32% and 12% had hyperglycaemic. Mortality in the hypoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and normoglycemic subgroups were 50.0, 33.3, and 7.2% respectively. Mortality was high in hyperglycemic patients compared to normoglycemic patients but the difference was not statistically significant between two groups, whereas the mortality was high in hypoglycemic patients compared to normoglycemic patients and the difference was statistically significant between two groups. A significant association was noted between hypoglycemia in neonatal sepsis with mortality.Conclusions: Altered glycemic status is common in neonatal sepsis. Mortality is higher among septic neonates with hypoglycemia. We conclude that majority of septic neonates had high mortality rate when plasma glucose levels were either >145 mg/dl or <45 mg/dl. This signifies the importance of plasma glucose estimation in cases of neonatal sepsis to improve mortality outcome.
Real world retrospective analysis of luliconazole 1% and salicylic acid 3% as fixed dose combination in the management of hyperkeratotic dermatophytosis in India
Authors: Kharkar R. D. , Dhoot Dhiraj S. , Deshmukh Gaurav A. , Barkate Hanmant
Published: November 2020

Background: In recent times, there is increase in prevalence of hyperkeratotic dermatophytosis in India. These hyperkeratotic lesions usually impede the absorption of topical anti-mycotic agent making infection recalcitrant to topical anti-fungal therapy alone. Hence, many times topical keratolytic are used in combination with topical anti-fungal agents which augment the shedding of scales.

Methods: To seek for short period therapy in hyperkeratotic dermatophytosis, we conducted multicentre, retrospective data analysis at 61 dermatology clinics to study effectiveness and safety of Luliconazole 1% and Salicylic acid 3% fixed dose combination (FDC) cream for 2 weeks.

Results: A data of 191 patients’ were included in this analysis. All patients have received some of the topicals and switched to FDC. Total symptom score of 7.19±1.91 improved to 3.15±1.12 in just 2 weeks (p<0.05). The clinical improvement rate (percentage of ‘marked improvement’ plus ‘moderate improvement’) was 78% after 2 weeks of treatment. Moreover, 5 patients (2.61%) achieved complete clearance. This FDC was found to be safe in 51.83% (n=99) of the patients whereas 37.7% of the patients (n=72) reported it as almost safe. Minor problems with the safety was found in 9.42% of the patients (n=18). Two patients (1.04%) reported it as not safe and thus shifted to another drug. Irritation and burning were reported as most common adverse events (AE).

Conclusions: The short combination therapy with luliconazole and salicylic acid as FDC has been found to be effective and safe. It should be a valuable option for hyperkeratotic dermatophytosis for early achievement of clinical cure and better patient compliance.
Rapid electrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on screen-printed gold electrodes modified with cysteine and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) peroxidase
Authors: Guarín Paula , Cristancho Jonatan , Castillo John J.
Published: November 2020

We present a novel electrochemical method for a rapid analytical detection of Staphylococcus aureus in culture and spiked milk samples through hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) consumption on a screenprinted gold electrode (SPGE) modified with cysteine and peroxidase from Guinea grass leaves (GGP). This peroxidase (POD) had a specific activity of 470 U mg-1 and it was immobilized on an SPGE surface previously modified with cysteine. Cyclic voltammograms of gold electrodes modified with peroxidase and cysteine in the presence of potassium ferrocyanide as a redox probe demonstrated an increase of approximately 5% in the current compared to the bare gold electrode. The SPGE modified electrode exhibited a good electrocatalytic response towards H2O2 reduction. We added a constant H2O2 concentration of 1x10-3 M to the culture medium and measured the decrease in the H2O2 current at -780 mV consumed by catalase from S. aureus. Our modified electrode proved to sense S. aureus in a range concentration between 3x102 and 3x108 CFU/mL-1 with a detection limit of 102 CFU/mL-1, detection time of about ~20 min, and a sensitivity of 0.020 mA CFU-1.
Validation of an analytical method by GC-FID for the quantification of styrene and α-methylstyrene
Authors: Verdugo-Torres Brayan David , Cubillo-Lobo Jairo Antonio , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso
Published: November 2020

Styrene and α-methylstyrene are substrates of great interest in asymmetric catalysis. Although they have been widely used, known quantification methodologies are restricted to the use of mass spectrometry detectors and are not validated. In the present work, we developed and validated a reliable method by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the analysis of non-functionalized olefins (styrene and α-methylstyrene) in a liquid matrix using toluene as the internal standard. We explored validation parameters such as selectivity, linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, precision, and accuracy. The results showed an adequate separation of each olefin under the conditions and range of work implemented (6.83x10-4 mol/L - 4.059x10-3 mol/L). The parameters evaluated are within acceptable values indicating that the validated method is selective, linear, precise, and accurate. This work represents an effort to develop a highly safe, efficient, and validated chromatographic method for the quantification of styrene and α-methylstyrene in liquid matrices for their possible application in the field of resins, plasticizers, and polymers where they are mainly involved.
Practical Value and Development Prospect of Green Building Design in the New Period
Authors: Hou Jijie
Published: November 2020

Relevant research points out that as one of the lifeblood industries of China’s economic development, the development of construction industry is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Therefore, in the new historical period, in order to further realize the rational development of China’s construction industry, a large number of construction industry practitioners have conducted in-depth analysis and exploration on the development direction of China. After analyzing, the researchers said that with the continuous improvement and strengthening of public awareness of environmental protection, in the future, China’s construction industry should focus on energy conservation and environmental protection. Based on this, relevant staff put forward the idea of “green building design”, aiming at effectively guiding China’s construction industry to achieve rational transformation. In this paper, the green building design work is taken as the breakthrough point, and the main problems existing in the green building design work in China in the new period are analyzed reasonably. At the same time, the corresponding optimization strategies are put forward, aiming to guide the construction industry workers to further realize the understanding and understanding of green building design, and then lay the foundation for the development of China’s construction industry.
APPLICATION OF NON-INVASIVE OPTICAL TRAINABLE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF PROCESSING MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA TO ASSESS THE OXYGEN STATUS OF HUMAN TISSUES (SHORT DESCRIPTION)
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Zaitceva A. Yu. , Kislyakov Yu. Ya. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Mazing М. S. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University,  Russia, Davydov V. V. ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University,  Russia,   Department of Ecology, Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, Moscow Region, Odintsovo
Published: November 2020

A non-invasive method for analyzing oxygen supply for human tissues using methods of mathematical processing of multidimensional data, which has an important diagnostic value, is proposed. As a result of experimental studies with the participation of 10 subjects using a non-invasive optical trainable diagnostic system, attempts were made to collect information in conventional units by means of multichannel optical analyzer of the visible spectral range. The obtained results of mathematical processing of experimental data show that the proposed technique is effective and can be used in practical medical and biological developments.
RAPID FABRICATION OF MICROCHIPS FOR PCR ANALYSIS FROM POLYMER MATERIALS IN THE LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Esikova N. A. , Germash N. N. , Evstrapov A. A.
Published: November 2020

Polycarbonate and polypropylene microchips were made by thermoforming and sealed by special PCR films. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of promptly manufacturing microchips for performing RT-PCR analysis. Microchips are made of hard plastics, preferably using domestically produced materials. Therefore, to achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) thermoforming the topology of the chambers in polycarbonate and polypropylene master mold made by laser microforming; 2) sealing the obtained microchips with commercial films for PCR, which are polymer films with a thin adhesive layer (the connection should provide a binding force, holding the pressure arising in the chambers during thermal cycling, and not inhibiting the reaction); 3) study of light transmission and background fluorescence of microchips, since it is supposed to detect PCR-RT by optical methods; 4) study of the properties of the surface of the chambers of microchips (by the recumbent drop method), since they affect the formation of air bubbles during thermal cycling; 5) approbation of microchips when performing PCR-RT in them. The efficiency of microchips was demonstrated by conducting PCR-RT on a test object. The obtaining microchips made of polycarbonate and polypropylene could withstand storage at negative temperatures (–40 ℃).
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE LIQUID SURFACE AS AN ELECTRODE FOR COLLECTING PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURRING IN THE ELECTROSPRAY TORCH MICRODROPLETS
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kuleshov D. O. , Gromov I. A. ,   Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Alekseyuk E. N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia, Solov'eva A. V. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia, Gall N. R. ,   offe Physical Technical Institute of the RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Gall L. N. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

The present work is devoted to the study of the possibility of electrospray onto the surface of a liquid in order to accumulate the products of reactions occurring in micro- and nanodroplets of the electrospray torch. The experimental device was made for research purposes. A stable mode of electrospray of a water-ethanol mixture (1:4) onto a liquid electrode (water-ethanol mixture (1:4)), without using sputting gas, was obtained at a spray voltage U of at least 4 kV and a distance between the spray needle and the surface of the liquid R of no more than 15 mm. The spray current increased as the distance between the spray needle and the surface of the liquid electrode decreased and the spray voltage increased. A stable mode of electrospray of the reaction mixture (4 ml of a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.2 % formic acid solution in water (1: 1), 0.5 ml of aniline and 0.5 ml of acetone) onto the surface of the liquid electrode (mixture of 6 ml of acetonitrile and 6 ml of 0.2 % formic acid solution in water or a mixture of 6 ml of acetonitrile and 6 ml of water) with the use of the sputting gas was obtained with the following values of the parameters of the experimental device: the flow rate of the spray solution Qp = = 100 μL / min, the spray voltage U = 3.2 kV, the distance between the surface of the liquid electrode and the spray needle R = 35 mm. The maximum flow rate of the sputting gas was 2 L/min. Unreacted substances and the chemical reactions products of the components of the sprayed reaction mixture accumulated in the liquid electrode when the given values of the parameters of the device were used. This was confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements.
ELECTROPHORESIS IN THE TOTAL (CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING) ELECTRIC FIELD. II. PECULIARITIES OF THE COMBINED IMPACT OF ALTERNATING AND CONSTANT ELECTRIC FIELDS
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Sharfarets B. P.
Published: November 2020

The hydrodynamics of electrophoresis under the simultaneous impact of constant and alternating electric fields is considered. It has been shown that when the constant and alternating external fields are combined, the energy of the constant electric field is transferred into the alternating hydrodynamic field. An example is given of a dispersed medium in which a giant dispersion of the dielectric constant can arise, which in turn can contribute to an increase in the total electrophoresis rate. Analogies of the behavior of the considered dispersed medium with the action of an electroacoustic transducer based on the use of electrokinetic phenomena are given.
MANUFACTURING AND RESEARCH OF METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS FOR AMMONIA
Authors:   Scientific and Production Association PRIBOR, JSC, Saint Petersburg, RF, Duykova M. V. , Shkonda S. E. ,   Scientific and Production Association PRIBOR, JSC, Saint Petersburg, RF, Kazakov S. A. ,   Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the RAS,  Saint Petersburg, RF, Grevtsev M. A. ,   Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of the RAS,  Saint Petersburg, RF
Published: November 2020

Ammonia-sensitive materials based on tin dioxide have been developed and synthesized. The degree of structural defects was evaluated, and the acid-base surface centers of synthesized materials were studied using the indicator method. The relationship between the chemisorption properties of synthesized gas-sensitive sensor layers (gas response to the concentration effect of ammonia) and the structure of the sensor material is discovered and analyzed. The novelty of the research is the integrated approach presented in this paper to the creation, development and manufacture of sensors for ammonia by synthesizing a material with pre-set properties using several methods of surface modernization simultaneously.
PASSIVE STABILISATION OF MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER
Authors:   The Russian State Scientific Center for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (RTC), Saint Petersburg, RF, Gryaznov N. A. , Goryachkin D. А. , Kuprenyuk V. I. , Sosnov Е. N. , Alekseev V. L.
Published: November 2020

In some applications of a Michelson interferometer, in particular, when it is used in a laser resonator, the phase difference of radiation beams passing the interferometer optical branches must be stabilized with high accuracy. The proposed paper is devoted to experimental studying the long-term stability of several interferometer designs and choosing the optimal version for applying as a compound resonator mirror with the controllable reflection for generation of ultrashort laser pulses.
EFFECT OF GAS-DYNAMIC FLOW ON ION TRANSPORT THROUGH THE NOZZLE OF AN ION SOURCE WITH IONIZATION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Authors:   Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kupriy P. A. , Muradymov M. Z. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Krasnov N. V. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kurnin I. V. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Arseniev A. N. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

The effect of the gas flow to the ion transport from the atmosphere to the forevacuum region of the is determined experimentally. Experimental volt-ampere characteristics of the ion flow carried by the gas-dynamic flow behind the nozzle are obtained. It is shown that the fraction of the ion current passing through the nozzle under the influence of the gas flow can be increased several times in relation to the current value due only to the extraction by the electric field. In this case, depending on the magnitude of the electric field penetrating beyond the skimmer, the current is redistributed between the nozzle and the collector. It was found that, under the experimental conditions, the entire ion flux reaches the movable collector at a distance of up to 15 mm at a field strength of 200 V / cm. The diameter of the ionic component of the flow is 1.5 mm. The ion motion in a gas is simulated for conditions close to the experimental ones. Developing research findings, it is possible to consider systems for transporting ions further to the analyzer.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA RESIDÊNCIA EM PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO EM SAÚDE NO ÂMBITO DISTRITAL DA VIGILÂNCIA SANITÁRIA
Authors: Dantas Aline Almeida , Bonfim Mariluce Karla
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: discutir as contribuições da Residência Multiprofissional em Planejamento e Gestão para a formação e atuação em Vigilância Sanitária com base em um relato de experiência. Método: vivência dentro da Vigilância Sanitária em um dos 12 distritos sanitários do município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, nos meses de julho a setembro de 2019. Resultados: foi possível experienciar diversas atividades do setor destacando entre elas a própria rotina do setor no que se refere à emissão de alvarás sanitários, posterior aos processos de inspeção/fiscalização dos estabelecimentos/unidades de saúde e a elaboração do Relatório das Condições Sanitárias das Unidades. Conclusão: a inserção de um residente dentro da Vigilância Sanitária, além de contribuir para o serviço, destacou a potencialidade da atuação conjunta entre a Residência e a Vigilância Sanitária.

Descritores: Vigilância em Saúde. Vigilância Sanitária. Planejamento em Saúde. Formação Profissional em Saúde