bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Quinazoline, Thieno‐(2,3‐d) pyrimidine, and Lumazine Analogues of 3′‐Fluoro‐3′‐deoxythymidine (FLT) .
Authors: EL‐BARBARY A. A. , EL‐BROLLOSY N. R. , ABDEL‐BARY H. M. , PEDERSEN E. B. , STEIN P. , NIELSEN C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cylindrol A: A Novel Inhibitor of Ras Farnesyl‐Protein Transferase from Cylindrocarpon lucidum.
Authors: SINGH S. B. , ZINK D. L. , BILLS G. F. , JENKINS R. G. , SILVERMAN K. C. , LINGHAM R. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metabolic Products of Microorganisms. Part 271. Momofulvenone A and B, New Benzo(b)fluorene Quinones from Streptomyces.
Authors: VOLKMANN C. , ROESSNER E. , METZLER M. , ZAEHNER H. , ZEECK A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of the 18‐Membered Lichen Macrolide (+)‐Aspicilin.
Authors: ENDERS D. , PROKOPENKO O. F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CJ‐12,371 and CJ‐12,372, Two Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitors. Fermentation, Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Biological Activities.
Authors: SAKEMI S. , INAGAKI T. , KANEDA K. , HIRAI H. , IWATA E. , SAKAKIBARA T. , YAMAUCHI Y. , NORCIA M. , WONDRACK L. M. , SUTCLIFFE J. A. , KOJIMA N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metabolites with Nematicidal and Antimicrobial Activities from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceum (Karst.) Karst. Part 5. Production, Isolation and Biological Activities of Bromine‐Containing Mycorrhizin and Lachnumon Derivatives and Four Additional New Bioactive Metabolites.
Authors: STADLER M. , ANKE H. , STERNER O.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of Albomitomycins from Solutions of 7‐Amino Substituted Mitomycins; Mitomycin C and KW‐2149.
Authors: KONO M. , SAITOH Y. , KASAI M. , SHIRAHATA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Indomycinone, a New Pluramycin Metabolite from a Deep‐Sea Derived Actinomycete.
Authors: SCHUMACHER R. W. , DAVIDSON B. S. , MONTENEGRO D. A. , BERNAN V. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lurlene (I), the Sexual Pheromone of the Green Flagellate Chlamydomonas allensworthii.
Authors: JAENICKE L. , MARNER F.‐J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Introduction to the Chemistry of Molybdenum
Authors: GREEN M. L. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Solid Supported Reagents as Acids and Bases
Authors: ANDO T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organolithium Compounds Using Lithium 4,4′‐Di‐ tertbutylbiphenylide
Authors: KRIEF A. , LAVAL A.‐M. , SHASTRI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydrometalation, Carbometalation, and Metallometalation of Heteroalkynes
Authors: CASSON S. , KOCIENSKI P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ferrocene Derivatives. An Introduction
Authors: WAGNER G. , HERRMANN R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene Compounds Containing Heteroelements
Authors: HERBERHOLD M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of O‐Glycopeptides
Authors: NORBERG T. , LUENING B. , TEJBRANT J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organosilicon Compounds with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: ANDO W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry of Organo‐Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Compouds
Authors: LIEBMAN J. F. , SIMOES J. A. M. , SLAYDEN S. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Promoted Intramolecular (4 + 2) Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions of Phospholes with Dienophilic Ligands
Authors: NELSON J. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino‐Acids, Peptides and Their Derivatives: Powerful Chiral Ligands for Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Syntheses
Authors: MORI A. , ABE H. , INOUE S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Various 31P NMR Techniques in Conformational Studies of 1,3‐Dithianes and Their Oxo‐ and Seleno‐Analogues Containing Organophosphorus Substituents at the Anomeric Carbon Atom
Authors: MIKOLAJCZYK M. , GRACZYK P. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of JHP Values to Determine the Conformations of Saturated Six‐ Membered Rings Containing Phosphorus
Authors: BENTRUDE W. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cyclotetramerization of Phosphaalkynes and Its 31P NMR Spectroscopic Consequences
Authors: REGITZ M. , BREIT B. , MEMMESHEIMER H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 31P NMR in Studies of Some One‐ and Two‐Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: YOSHIFUJI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bis(diisopropylamino)phosphino Group: A Wonderful Tool for the Stabilization and NMR Characterization of Highly Reactive Species
Authors: REED R. W. , BERTRAND G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 31P NMR Studies on Transition‐Metal Complexes Derived from Phosphaalkynes, Phosphirenes, and Phosphiranes
Authors: AJULU F. A. , BARTSCH R. , CARMICHAEL D. , JOHNSON J. A. , JONES C. , MATOS R. M. , NIXON J. F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization by CP/MAS 31P NMR of Solids Used as Trapping Agents for Transient, Electrophilic Phosphorus Species
Authors: QUIN L. D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Not quite protocols: Toward collaborative research in dispute resolution
Authors: Honeyman Christopher , Mcadoo Barbara , Welsh Nancy
Published: August 2010

Experience suggests that practitioners and researchers often have conflict when trying to work together to increase knowledge of conflict management practices. This article suggests informal protocols for collaborative research efforts based on dialogues from the Hewlett‐funded Theory to Practice “moveable feast” sessions.
Creating healthy communities through affirmative conflict communication
Authors: Barge J. Kevin
Published: August 2010

Community conflict management approaches have been dominated by theories and paradigms that are rooted in deficit language and problem solving. An exciting opportunity for future theory, research, and practice within community conflict management is the role that affirmative communication practices play in creating healthy communities and managing conflict. Three community building and conflict management programs are highlighted and their implications for future theorizing and practice are explored. This article contends that future community conflict management would benefit from emphasizing affirmative linguistic practice, adopting a transformative approach to theorizing, and highlighting the role of situated judgment in communicative practice.
Heteroepitaxial Growth of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on GaAs (111) Substrates by Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Zeng Hai Bo , Bando Yoshio , Xu Xi Jin , Li Liang , Zhai Tian You , Fang Xiao Sheng , Golberg Dmitri
Published: August 2010

Heteroepitaxial growth of well‐aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on GaAs (111) substrates was achieved through electrochemical deposition at low temperature without any buffer layers for the first time. Structural analysis demonstrated the epitaxial orientation relationship of ZnO(0001)//GaAs(111). The rod density was dependent on the applied current density. These ZnO nanorods had high crystalline quality andexhibited strong UV near‐edge photoluminescence with a 106 meV full‐width at half‐maximum and very weak deep level emission. Furthermore, the patterned growth was facially implemented by using surface masks on cathode substrates. These results are envisaged to advance the development of ZnO nanorod‐based heterojunctions and their applications in optoelectronics.
Linear Coinage Metal Complexes Stabilized by a Group 13 Metalloid Ligand
Authors: Prabusankar Ganesan , Gonzalez‐Gallardo Sandra , Doddi Adinarayana , Gemel Christian , Winter Manuela , Fischer Roland A.
Published: August 2010

The synthesis and structural characterization of the linear, cationic complex [{(DDP)Ga}2Cu][OTf]·2C6H5F (2, Tf = O2SCF3) stabilized by the monodentate, gallium‐based ligand Ga(DDP) (DDP = [HC{(CMe)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2]–), as well as NMR spectroscopic evidence for the formation of the corresponding silver compound [{(DDP)Ga}2Ag][Al(hfip)4] (3, hfip = [OC(H)(CF3)2]), are reported. The remarkable steric properties of this gallium‐based ligand permit the stabilization of 2, which exhibits an unusual linear geometry and a coordination number of two.
Lower trabecular volumetric BMD at metaphyseal regions of weight-bearing bones is associated with prior fracture in young girls
Authors: Farr Joshua N , Tomás Rita , Chen Zhao , Lisse Jeffrey R , Lohman Timothy G , Going Scott B
Published: August 2010

Understanding the etiology of skeletal fragility during growth is critical for the development of treatments and prevention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of childhood fractures. Thus we evaluated the relationship between prior fracture and bone parameters in young girls. Data from 465 girls aged 8 to 13 years from the Jump-In: Building Better Bones study were analyzed. Bone parameters were assessed at metaphyseal and diaphyseal sites of the nondominant femur and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess femur, tibia, lumbar spine, and total body less head bone mineral content. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between prior fracture and bone parameters, controlling for maturity, body mass, leg length, ethnicity, and physical activity. Associations between prior fracture and all DXA and pQCT bone parameters at diaphyseal sites were nonsignificant. In contrast, lower trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) at distal metaphyseal sites of the femur and tibia was significantly associated with prior fracture. After adjustment for covariates, every SD decrease in trabecular vBMD at metaphyseal sites of the distal femur and tibia was associated with 1.4 (1.1–1.9) and 1.3 (1.0–1.7) times higher fracture prevalence, respectively. Prior fracture was not associated with metaphyseal bone size (ie, periosteal circumference). In conclusion, fractures in girls are associated with lower trabecular vBMD, but not bone size, at metaphyseal sites of the femur and tibia. Lower trabecular vBMD at metaphyseal sites of long bones may be an early marker of skeletal fragility in girls. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hydrolysis of milk lactose in a packed bed reactor system using immobilized yeast cells
Authors: Panesar Reeba , Panesar Parmjit S. , Singh Ram S. , Kennedy John F.
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Hydrolysis of lactose with β‐D‐galactosidase is one of the most promising biotechnological applications in the food industry because of its use in the production of low lactose milk products and whey hydrolysis. To overcome the problem of enzyme extraction from cells due to the intracellular nature of β‐D‐galactosidase and the poor permeability of the cell membrane to lactose, permeabilization of yeast cells was investigated. Permeabilized whole cells have been claimed to have an advantage over more pure enzyme preparations. In view of the advantages of immobilized cell systems over free cell systems, permeabilized cells were immobilized by an entrapment method in calcium alginate gel. A packed bed reactor together with this immobilized cell system has been used for hydrolysis of milk lactose in a continuous system.

RESULTS: Different process parameters (temperature, substrate feed rate, biomass load and time‐course) were optimized to maximize lactose hydrolysis. The immobilized yeast cells (300 mg dry wt) resulted in 87.2% hydrolysis of milk lactose at 30 °C and flow rate 7 mL h−1 in a packed bed reactor system.

CONCLUSION: This convenient and relatively inexpensive method of immobilization, resulting in high hydrolysis potential in a continuous system, indicates that permeabilized yeast cells have the potential for the production of low lactose milk and milk products. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of hexa(methyl/phenyl) substituted pyrazolines and thermolysis to hexasubstituted cyclopropanes
Authors: Baumstark Alfons L. , Kennedy G. Davon , Vasquez P. C. , Desalegn N. , Truong Phong
Published: August 2010

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Addition of methyllithium to the 3‐position of 4,5‐dihydro‐3,4,4,5,5‐pentasubstituted‐N‐tosyl‐1H‐pyrazoles [1a 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐phenyl; 1b 4,4,5‐trimethyl‐3,5‐diphenyl; 1c 4,4‐dimethyl‐3,5,5‐triphenyl] produced the corresponding hexasubstituted pyrazolines, 2a, 2b, 2c, as the only isolable products. For 2b, the 3,5‐phenyl groups were found to be exclusively cis, indicative of facial specificity for the addition reaction. The reaction of phenyllithium with 1b yielded 2c as the minor product. For phenyllithium addition, direct attack on sulfur of the tosyl group with subsequent loss of phenyl p‐tolylsulfone was the major pathway vs. the SN2i attack at carbon‐3. Thermolysis of pyrazolines 2a, 2b, 2c, at 200°C, smoothly produced the hexasubstituted cyclopropanes [3a 1,1,2,2,3‐pentamethyl‐3‐phenylcyclopropane; 3b cis‐1,1,2,3‐tetramethyl‐2,3‐diphenylcyclopropane; 3c 1,1,2‐trimethyl‐2,3,3‐triphenylcyclopropane] in excellent yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
CE‐based sample quality assessment prior to 2‐D gel electrophoresis: Towards the standardization of gel‐based proteomics
Authors: Techanukul Tanasit , Pereira Fiona , Lipka Alexandria , Suckling Jason , Wood Steven L. , Lewis Phil , Hassard Stuart , Cass Anthony E. G. , Nagy Judit M.
Published: August 2010

2‐DE remains one of the most commonly used separation techniques for complex protein mixtures. This article describes a new approach to 2‐DE sample assessment using SDS capillary gel electrophoresis (in Beckman Coulter sieving medium) combined with multi‐pixel detection. The performance of this platform was investigated using protein samples prepared for 2‐DE. The capability to characterize 2‐DE sample was tested and the results show that the repeatability of peak migration time and intensity are better than 2% RSD. The system gives good resolution, accurate molecular mass assignment, as well as absolute and relative quantification of proteins. Notably, this study also demonstrates the use of this platform to screen the quality of simple and complex 2‐DE samples. Implementation of this technique in the proteomics workflow will not only improve the success rate of 2‐DE, but will also enable sample verification before 2‐DE and allow the relative quantification of proteins. The validation of differential protein expression is also demonstrated using the combined information of relative molecular mass and relative quantification. It is the first time that a rapid and visual evaluation method is reported for the quality assessment of 2‐DE samples.
Identifying HAM‐A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Morlock Robert , Sexton Chris , Malley Karen , Feltner Douglas
Published: August 2010

The aim of the current study was to identify and evaluate cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe ranges of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) scores. Data were from a four‐week randomized trial of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. Measures included the HAM‐A, SF‐36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI‐S) scale. HAM‐A cutoffs were identified based on literature review, expert panel input, and MANOVA models. The optimal cutoff set was evaluated based on association with clinician CGI‐S ratings. The sample included 144 patients (56.3% female; 73.6% white; mean age = 35.7 years; mean baseline HAM‐A score = 23.7). The optimal HAM‐A score ranges were: mild anxiety = 8–14; moderate = 15–23; severe ≥ 24 (scores ≤ 7 were considered to represent no/minimal anxiety). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models found statistically significant differences among these groups in the SF‐36 and HADS. The HAM‐A severity ranges closely corresponded to clinicians' CGI‐S ratings. The study represents the first step towards developing severity ranges for the HAM‐A. These cutoffs should be used with caution and validated in larger samples. If the proposed cutoffs are accepted for general use, they could make results more meaningful and interpretable for researchers, clinicians, and patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of participation in team meetings on the stress and coping of lower status nursing employees in long‐term care
Authors: Torsney Kathleen
Published: August 2010

This pre‐test, post‐test control group pilot study sought to investigate the impact of including certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) in interdisciplinary team meetings on the variables of stress and coping. The data were analysed through analyses of variance and covariance. The results suggest that the effect of being included in a treatment team meeting on task‐centred coping is greater for the lower status worker (CNA) than for the worker who had more status (LPN). Qualitative data yielded information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of including lower status workers in treatment team meetings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Light‐Activated Theranostic Nanoagent for Targeted Macrophage Ablation in Inflammatory Atherosclerosis
Authors: McCarthy Jason R. , Korngold Ethan , Weissleder Ralph , Jaffer Farouc A.
Published: August 2010

The synthesis and utility of a multimodal theranostic nanoagent based upon magnetofluorescent nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory atherosclerosis is described. These particles are modified with near‐infrared fluorophores and light‐activated therapeutic moieties, which allow for the optical determination of agent localization and phototoxic activation at spectrally distinct wavelengths. The resulting agent is readily taken up by murine macrophages in vitro and is highly phototoxic, with an LD50 of 430 pM. Intravenous administration results in the localization of the nanoagent within macrophage‐rich atherosclerotic lesions that can be imaged by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Irradiation of the atheroma with 650 nm light activates the therapeutic component and results in eradication of inflammatory macrophages, which may induce lesion stabilization. Importantly, these agents display limited skin photosensitivity, are highly efficacious, and provide an integrated imaging and therapeutic nanoplatform for atherosclerosis.
Photocatalytic Activity of Protein‐Conjugated CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajendran Vidyalakshmi , König Anna , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: August 2010

Colloidal CdS nanoparticles are conjugated with a variety of proteins, including enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, tobacco etch virus protease (TEV), lysozyme, and bacterial cytochrome P450 CYP152A1, and the photochemical properties of the resulting conjugates are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and hydroxyl radical‐specific fluorimetric assay. While irradiation of bare CdS colloids leads to photogeneration of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, it is surprisingly observed that coating of the CdS particles with proteins effectively suppresses the production of these radical species and instead leads to increased formation of a long‐lived reactive oxygen species, most likely H2O2. A mechanism for the observed results is suggested. The empirical results are capitalized on for the assembly of a CdS–TEV nanohybrid, which shows significantly higher performance as a photocatalytic mediator for fatty acid hydroxylation by CYP152A1 than bare CdS nanoparticles.
Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Polymer Hydrogel Capsules: Drug Carriers, Sub‐compartmentalized Microreactors, Artificial Organelles
Authors: Zelikin Alexander N. , Price Andrew D. , Städler Brigitte
Published: August 2010

Multilayered polymer capsules attract significant research attention and are proposed as candidate materials for diverse biomedical applications, from targeted drug delivery to microencapsulated catalysis and sensors. Despite tremendous efforts, the studies which extend beyond proof of concept and report on the use of polymer capsules in drug delivery are few, as are the developments in encapsulated catalysis with the use of these carriers. In this Concept article, the recent successes of poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogel capsules as carrier vessels for delivery of therapeutic cargo, creation of microreactors, and assembly of sub‐compartmentalized cell mimics are discussed. The developed technologies are outlined, successful applications of these capsules are highlighted, capsules properties which contribute to their performance in diverse applications are discussed, and further directions and plausible developments in the field are suggested.
Boundary Issues and Multiple Relationships in Genetic Counseling Supervision: Supervisor, Non‐supervisor, and Student Perspectives
Authors: Gu Lidan , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Eubanks Sonja , LeRoy Bonnie S. , Callanan Nancy
Published: August 2010

Boundary issues and multiple relationships potentially affect all supervision interactions. Boundary crossings are departures from the strictest professional role and may or may not benefit supervisees. Boundary violations are outside common practice and may place supervisees at significant risk. Multiple relationships occur when supervisors concurrently or consecutively hold two or more roles with supervisees. Studies in other fields indicate supervisors and supervisees may be uncertain about professional conduct regarding these issues. In this study, genetic counselor supervisors (n = 126), non‐supervisors (n = 72), and genetic counseling students (n = 129) completed an anonymous survey investigating four major questions: 1) Are various boundary issues and multiple relationships perceived as differentially appropriate? 2) Do supervisor, non‐supervisor, and student perceptions differ? 3) What challenging situations have respondents experienced? and 4) What management strategies did they use? There was general agreement among groups in their appropriateness ratings of 56 hypothetical supervisor behaviors, although supervisor ratings tended to reflect stricter boundaries regarding the appropriateness of interactions than student ratings. A majority rated unavoidable boundary crossings and supervisor multiple relationships involving an academic relationship as most appropriate, and romantic/sexual multiple relationships and/or boundary violations as least appropriate. Analysis of respondents’ actual challenging situations revealed many involved boundary violations, placed students at risk of harm, and often resulted in student compliance.
Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model
Authors: Varma Sonal , Eskin Michael N. A. , Bird Ranjana , Dolenko Brion , Raju Jayadev , Ijare Omkar B. , Bezabeh Tedros
Published: August 2010

People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for developing colorectal cancer, and this risk increases at a rate of 1% per year after 8–10 years of having the disease. Saturated and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been implicated in its causation. Conversely, ω‐3 PUFAs may have the potential to confer therapeutic benefit. Since proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) combined with pattern recognition methods could be a valuable adjunct to histology, the objective of this study was to analyze the potential of 1H MRS in assessing the effect of dietary fatty acids on colonic inflammation. Forty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered one of the following dietary regimens for 2 weeks: low‐fat corn oil (ω‐6), high‐fat corn oil (ω‐6), high‐fat flaxseed oil (ω‐3) or high‐fat beef tallow (saturated fatty acids). Half of the animals were fed 2% carrageenan to induce colonic inflammation similar to IBD. 1H MRS and histology were performed on ex vivo colonic samples, and the 1H MR spectra were analyzed using a statistical classification strategy (SCS). The histological and/or MRS studies revealed that different dietary fatty acids modulate colonic inflammation differently, with high‐fat corn oil being the most inflammatory and high‐fat flaxseed oil the least inflammatory. 1H MRS is capable of identifying the biochemical changes in the colonic tissue as a result of inflammation, and when combined with SCS, this technique accurately differentiated the inflamed colonic mucosa based on the severity of the inflammation. This indicates that MRS could serve as a valuable adjunct to histology in accurately assessing colonic inflammation. Our data also suggest that both the type and the amount of fatty acids in the diet are critical in modulating IBD.
Tiermodelle mit Zystennieren
Authors: Neudecker S. , Gretz N. , Hoffmann S.
Published: August 2010

Polyzystische Nierenerkrankungen (PKD) sind der häufigste genetische Grund für ein terminales Nierenversagen. Flüssigkeitsgefüllte Zysten bilden sich im Nierenparenchym und beeinträchtigen die Nierenfunktion mit zunehmender Anzahl und Größe, bis diese vollkommen zum Erliegen kommt. Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten werden Tiermodelle mit PKD für die Aufklärung der molekularen Mechanismen der Zystogenese verwendet. War man anfangs auf zufällige, durch Spontanmutationen aufgetretene Zystenmodelle angewiesen, eröffneten transgene und Knock-out-Technologien in den letzen 20 Jahren eine völlig neue Dimension, die molekularen Pathomechanismen der Zystogenese durch gezielte genetische Veränderungen im Erbgut aufzuklären. Nur mit der Hilfe von Tiermodellen konnte die Lokalisation von „Zystenproteinen“ in den Zilien und die Beteiligung zilienabhängiger Signalkaskaden in der Zystogenese gezeigt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die derzeit vorhandenen murinen Tiermodelle mit PKD.
Extending the actor–partner interdependence model to include cross‐informant data⋆
Authors: van Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Goncy Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2010

This paper illustrates an extension of the APIM technique within a path analysis framework by using cross‐informant data on the outcome variable. Data for the current study were derived from a sample of young adult heterosexual couples who had been in a romantic relationship for at least four months (N = 115 couples). The findings from the current study indicate that romantic relationship satisfaction is associated with externalizing behavior problems among both females and males, but that both dyadic data and cross‐informant reports are needed to understand this association. Not considering dyadic or cross‐informant data may lead to different, and potentially misleading, claims. The findings from the current study provide clear evidence that incorporating cross‐informant data in dyadic data analyses provides important new insights into understanding the association between romantic relationship functioning and individual outcomes.
Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonism blunts the acute hypotensive response to endotoxin in cats
Authors: DeClue Amy E. , Sharp Claire R. , Cohen Rachael L. , Leverenz Elizabeth F. , Reinero Carol R.
Published: August 2010

This study evaluated the effects of a cysteinyl-leukotriene-1 (cys-LT-1) receptor antagonist, zarfirlukast, during feline endotoxemia. Six adult, sexually intact male cats received either placebo or zarfirlukast (10 mg, PO) and endotoxin (2 μg/kg/h q 6 h) in a cross-over design. Rectal temperature, heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity, interleukin (IL)-6 concentration and urine cys-LT to creatinine ratio were evaluated. The rectal temperature, plasma TNF activity and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher and systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate significantly lower after endotoxin infusion. Cats treated with zafirlukast had a significantly higher blood pressure at 4 h (P=0.002) compared to placebo. Urine cys-LT to creatinine ratio was significantly greater in the cats treated with zafirlukast compared to placebo (P=0.02). Zafirlukast administration ameliorated the acute hypotensive response to endotoxin in cats, but failed to significantly alter rectal temperature, heart rate or production of TNF and IL-6.
Coblation lesion formation in a porcine tongue model
Authors: Salinas Nathan L. , Barrera Jose E.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To investigate, in a porcine tongue model, the lesions created by coblation to define the optimal application of this method in treating the enlarged tongue base in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN

A prospective, experimental animal study.

SETTING

Military medical center.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Fifteen fresh porcine tongue specimens were injected with normal saline, and a single coblation probe was applied to the tongue specimens to create multiple submucosal lesions at specific energy settings. Control lesions were created without the use of saline injections. After creating the lesions, the porcine tongue specimens were sectioned and examined grossly. Size and character of lesions were recorded for each of the specimens and were compared across energy settings.

RESULTS

The energy applied at each setting was calculated on the basis of watts multiplied by treatment time. Coblation with saline injection created visible lesions with an average lesion area of 1.20 to 2.87 cm2. The average lesion area increased as setting increased. Without saline injection, the average lesion area was 0.15 to 0.8 cm2.

CONCLUSION

The porcine tongue model describes the relationship between lesion size and cold ablation device settings. Setting, but not time, significantly affects lesion size. The coblation setting and treatment time directly impact the amount of energy delivered. Additionally, submucosal normal saline injection significantly increases lesion size at all settings and application times. Given the average lesion diameter described in this study, placing lesions 1 cm apart will optimize the area affected by coblation while minimizing lesion overlap.

© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergies among adults with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yilmaz Asli Sahin , Nocon Cheryl C. , Corey Jacquelynne P.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To compare the prevalence of food allergy for peanut, shrimp, and milk in adults with allergic rhinitis and to determine predictive values of these allergens and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) to detect food allergies.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross‐sectional study.

SETTING

University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed in vitro enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays of adults with rhinitis. Subjects were tested for nine inhalants and three foods (peanut, shrimp, milk) and total IgE. Subjects with food allergy history were tested with additional foods. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the allergens and total IgE to detect food allergies were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 283 subjects received in vitro tests. Fortyone percent tested negative and 59 percent tested positive for inhalants. The prevalence of subjects with a positive peanut or shrimp allergy in the inhalant‐positive population was significantly greater than subjects with milk allergy (23.4% peanut [P = 0.008], 22.2% shrimp [P = 0.001], and 13.2% milk [P = 0.008], P = 0.001). For subjects with food allergy history, peanut had the best SP (100.0%), SE (28.1%), PPV (100.0%), and NPV (64.6%) in detecting allergies to other foods. In patients positive for the initial panel (inhalants and peanut), the SP, SE, PPV, and NPV of elevated total IgE was 71.4, 72.4, 77.8, and 65.2 percent, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Peanut and shrimp were the most common foods encountered in adults with allergic rhinitis. Peanut was best in predicting other food allergies. Total IgE levels with inhalants plus peanut provided the optimal combination of SE, SP, PPV, and NPV. In vitro testing may be important to identify and prevent anaphylaxis to foods in adults.

© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Obstructive sleep apnea surgery practice patterns in the United States: 2000 to 2006
Authors: Kezirian Eric J. , Maselli Judy , Vittinghoff Eric , Goldberg Andrew N. , Auerbach Andrew D.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To determine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgical volume, types, costs, and trends. To explore whether specific patient and hospital characteristics are associated with the performance of isolated palate versus hypopharyngeal surgery and with costs.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross‐sectional study.

SETTING

Inpatient and outpatient medical facilities in the United States.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

OSA procedures were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2000, 2004, and 2006 and from State Ambulatory Surgery Databases and State Inpatient Databases for 2006 from four representative states (California, New York, North Carolina, and Wisconsin). National combined inpatient and outpatient surgery estimates for 2006 were generated using a combination of databases. Chi‐square and regression analysis examined procedure volume and type and inpatient procedure costs.

RESULTS

In 2006, an estimated 35,263 surgeries were performed in inpatient and outpatient settings, including 33,087 palate, 6561 hypopharyngeal, and 1378 maxillomandibular advancement procedures. The odds of undergoing isolated palate surgery were higher for younger (18–39 yrs) and black patients. Outpatient procedures were more common than inpatient procedures. Inpatient surgical volume declined from 2000 to 2006, but it was not possible to evaluate trends in total volumes. In 2006, mean costs were approximately $6000 per admission. For inpatient procedures in 2004 and 2006, costs were higher for hypopharyngeal (vs isolated palate) surgery, in rural hospitals, and for patients who were younger, with greater medical comorbidity, and with primary Medicaid coverage.

CONCLUSION

Surgical treatment is performed in 0.2 percent of all adults with OSA annually. Validation of the exploratory findings concerning procedure type and cost requires additional studies, ideally including adjustment for clinical factors.

© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Surgical missions to developing countries: Ethical conflicts
Authors: Isaacson Glenn , Drum Elizabeth T. , Cohen Michael S.
Published: August 2010

Each year scores of American physicians and nurses travel overseas, usually at their own expense, aiming to improve the lot of desperate patients in developing countries. Our journals are filled with images of smiling children who have benefited from these gifts of care. Still, practicing medicine, and especially surgery, in a sporadic fashion in distant lands can lead to poor outcomes. It does little to improve public health or advance medical education. We address some of the ethical dilemmas intrinsic to international surgical missions and discuss how we might redirect our resources to provide better care to more people.
Primary care perceptions of otolaryngology
Authors: Domanski Mark C. , Ashktorab Samaneh , Bielamowicz Steven A.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To identify diseases of the head and neck for which primary care physicians may underappreciate the role of the otolaryngologist.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross‐sectional analysis.

SETTING

With increasing subspecialization in the world of medicine, there is the potential for confusion about the scope of practice for different specialties by primary care physicians. These clinicians are often faced with patients who have disease processes in which otolaryngologist are trained but may end up referring patients to other specialists.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

A brief, web‐based survey was administered via e‐mail to resident physicians of family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine programs in the United States. The survey asked responders which specialist they believed was an expert for particular clinical entities: allergies, oral cancer, restoring a youthful face, sleep apnea, thyroid surgery, and tracheostomy. Respondents could choose from a dermatologist, general surgeon, ophthalmologist, oral maxillofacial surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, otolaryngologist, and plastic surgeon. The responder was able to choose more than one specialist for each question.

RESULTS

A total of 1064 completed surveys were analyzed. The percentage of primary care residents who picked otolaryngologists as experts was 13.8 percent for allergies, 73.6 percent for oral cancer, 2.7 percent for restoring a youthful face, 32.4 percent for sleep apnea, 47.2 percent for thyroid surgery, and 72.5 percent for tracheostomy.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that many primary care residents are not aware of the scope of expertise that an otolaryngologist may offer. Increased exposure to otolaryngology during primary care residency training may increase understanding of the specialty among primary care physicians.

© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Development and preliminary validation of the Lip Reanimation Outcomes Questionnaire
Authors: de Almeida John R. , Alexander Ashlin J. , Shrime Mark G. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Goldstein David P.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Lip paralysis is associated with eating, speaking, and appearance impairments. The lip reanimation outcome questionnaire is designed to assess these functional impairments after lip reanimation.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross‐sectional validation study.

SETTING

Tertiary care academic center.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Patients who underwent lip reanimation and control subjects. A disease‐specific instrument was created by systematic literature review and expert opinion. The 15‐item patient completed subscale was administered to 20 lip reanimation patients. Photographs of 19 patients and three control subjects were taken in four poses and rated by six raters (2 surgeons, 2 residents, and 2 novices) by the use of a external rater subscale, and reliability was determined by the use of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Content and construct validity were assessed.

RESULTS

Internal consistency (ICC range 0.813‐0.915 for each domain), test—retest reliability (ICC range 0.616‐0.981 for each item) for the patient completed subscale, and interrater (ICC = 0.852) and interlevel reliability (ICC = 0.929) for the external rater subscale were substantial to excellent. The content validity index was 0.87. Construct validity was demonstrated by poorer scores in patients with transected nerves versus intact nerves for appearance (P = 0.04) and oral competence (P = 0.011). Photographs of control patients had lower asymmetry scores (P < 0.001), and the instrument detected greater asymmetry in patients with progressively more exaggerated smile (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The lip reanimation outcome questionnaire has promising reliability and validity in this preliminary study, but additional psychometric testing with larger samples is required before the survey can be recommended for clinical use.

© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Ethnic peace, ethnic conflict: Complexity theory on why the Baltic is not the Balkans
Authors: Clemens Walter C.
Published: August 2010

As Communist rule weakened across East Central Europe and new governments emerged, the Baltic region differed from the Balkans in two ways that need to be explained. The first difference was the near absence of ethnic violence in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – compared to civil and cross-border war in most of the former Yugoslavia. The second contrast was the rapid consolidation of democracy and market economics in the Baltic countries compared to halting movements toward political and economic freedom in most Balkan polities.