bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflikt ewolucjonizmu z kreacjonizmem jako spór światopoglądowy
Authors: Lemańska Anna
Published: January 2021

Jednym ze współczesnych sporów światopoglądowych jest konflikt między materialistycznymi ewolucjonistami a zwolennikami projektu w przyrodzie. Co istotne, obie strony sporu twierdzą, że ich stanowiska mieszczą się w obszarze nauk przyrodniczych. Dyskusje toczą się już od ponad stu lat, lecz nie widać szans na ich zakończenie i uzyskanie jakiegoś konsensusu. Źródło takiego stanu rzeczy zdaje się leżeć w tym, że spór ten toczy się w rzeczywistości na płaszczyźnie filozoficznej.

W artykule przytaczam argumenty za tym, że zarówno ewolucjonizm materialistyczny, jak i koncepcja inteligentnego projektu nie są teoriami naukowymi. Porównuję także pojęcia ewolucji i kreacji oraz pokazuję, że pojęcie kreacji nie jest pojęciem naukowym. Stwarzanie bowiem jest aktem Stwórcy, który nie jest bytem czasoprzestrzennym. Jego działania zatem nie mogą być badane metodami właściwymi dla nauk przyrodniczych.
Czy procesy naturalne mogą realizować cele nadnaturalne?
Authors: Bugajak Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest poszukiwanie takiej interpretacji obecności i działania Boga w świecie, jaka pozwoliłaby zharmonizować istotne prawdy wiary z naukowym obrazem świata, którego ewolucja jest rządzona przypadkiem i pozbawiona kierunku. Poszukiwanie to jest realizowane w kilku krokach. Odwołując się do różnych koncepcji celowości wskazuje się najpierw, że jeśli można mówić o tym, że świat ma taką cechę, to nie w sensie zmierzania w określonym kierunku (nauki przyrodnicze takiego kierunku nie wykrywają, więc najrozsądniej jest przyjąć, że go nie ma), lecz w sensie celowości wewnętrznej: świat ze swej natury jest skierowany na Boga.

Współcześnie o Bożej celowości w świecie mówi się często w kategoriach ogólnego lub szczególnego działania Boga (general lub special divine action). Artykuł, podejmując tę kwestię zmierza do wniosku, że odróżnienie aspektu naturalnego od nadnaturalnego w danym zdarzeniu jest przypuszczalnie niemożliwe.

Na jeden z powodów tej niemożliwości wskazuje tzw. zasada domknięcia przyczynowego, dlatego jest ona analizowana w kolejnym punkcie artykułu. Wskazuje się tutaj między innymi na konieczność zrewidowania niektórych klasycznych koncepcji cudu. W odniesieniu zaś do takich przełomowych zdarzeń z dziejów świata, jak powstanie życia czy pojawienie się człowieka, proponuje się hipotezę niedookreśloności celu stworzenia: Bóg może realizować swoje cele w świecie rządzonym przez autentyczny przypadek, jeśli cele te są rozumiane odpowiednio subtelnie. Na przykład, jeśli celem Boga jest pojawienie się w świecie istoty zdolnej do nawiązania z nim świadomego kontaktu (zwanej w teologii Człowiekiem), to istota taka niekoniecznie musiała przyjąć postać przedstawiciela gatunku Homo sapiens.

Na koniec wskazuje się na panenteizm jako na właściwą, prawdziwie chrześcijańską wizję świata, który jest „losem i przeznaczeniem” samego Boga (Karl Rahner). W tej perspektywie, detale ewolucyjnego rozwoju świata przestają być religijnie istotne, a sama religia uwalnia się ostatecznie—po części pod wpływem współczesnej nauki—„od błędu i przesądu” (Jan Paweł II).
Coronaviruses – a new old menace
Authors: Golke Anna , Piekarska Karolina , Dzieciątkowski Tomasz
Published: January 2021

current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been described as a global health emergency. The outbreak of this virus has raised a number of questions: what exactly is SARS-CoV-2? How transmissible the novel coronavirus is? How severely affected are patients infected with SARS-CoV-2? What are the risk factors for COVID-19? What are the differences between this novel coronavirus and other coronaviruses? To answer these questions, a comparative study of three pathogenic coronaviruses that primarily invade the human respiratory system and may cause death, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This review describes the source of origin, transmission, and pathogenicity of these viruses. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spreading entails home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses and strict infection control measures at hospitals that include contact and droplet precautions. The novel coronavirus spreads faster than its two predecessors – the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV – but has lower fatality rate. The global impact of this new pandemic is still uncertain, but it is a challenge to healthcare systems around the world.
Wirus Epsteina-Barr w wybranych chorobach nowotworowych
Authors: Koleśnik Marcin , Dworzańska Anna , Polz-Dacewicz Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Infekcje wirusowe przyczyniają się do wielu nowotworów na całym świecie i stanowią istotny odsetek śmiertelności. Do onkogennych wirusów zaliczany jest wirus Epsteina-Barr, który jest główną przyczyną mononukleozy zakaźnej i wykazuje tropizm względem limfocytów B. Dzięki obecności genów odpowiedzialnych za latencję może przyczyniać się do wielu stanów patologicznych. Przykładami tego są nowotwory złośliwe o wysokiej śmiertelności zlokalizowane w żołądku, a także głowie oraz szyi. Ponadto wirus ten jest poważnym zagrożeniem dla osób z obniżoną odpornością, co stanowi w obecnych czasach istotny problem ze względu na rosnącą liczbę chorych poddanych terapii immunosupresyjnej. Na szczególną uwagę w tym przypadku zasługują zaburzenia limfoproliferacyjnie po przeszczepie będące złośliwym nowotworem powiązanym z infekcją EBV. W niniejszym przeglądzie skupiono się na roli wirusa Epsteina-Barr w wybranych nowotworach.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS STUDENTS' AFFECTIVE DOMAIN BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) CLASSROOM
Authors: Maisarah Ira , Noermanzah  , Arsyad Safnil , Zaim M. , Wadhana Dian Eka Chandra
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The objective of this research was to explain the results of the development of instruments to assess the students' affective based on scientific approaches in the EFL class.

Methodology: This study used the ADDIE method that consists of five steps: (1) analyzing, (2) designing, (3) developing, (4) implementing, and (5) evaluating. There were some instruments of the research used to gather the data such as the expert's validation sheet and questionnaire. Statistical analyses used in this research were Alpha Cronbach, the test of normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the test of homogeneity Levene, the test of linearity, the test of correlational Pearson, test of regression, and Wilcoxon test.

Main Findings: The result showed that the development of an instrument to evaluate students' affective based on scientific approach was considered by some items, e.g. phases in scientific approach, skills in English language teaching, learning experiences, affective aspects, and indicator of assessment. Finally, it can be stated that (1) the instrument was valid with the mean Score in rank between 1-124 is 114.8; (2) the instrument reliable with the Score is 0.754; (3) the instrument was tested with the Asymp. Sig score of 0.042.

Applications of this study: This study proved that the instrument of affective assessment was valid, practice, and effective to be used by the English teachers in assessing the students' affective during the teaching and learning process at the EFL classroom.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The success of a student is not only measured based on the cognitive aspect but also based on the affective aspect.
Politics of Health Care Reforms in Kenya and their Failure
Authors: Künzler Daniel
Published: January 2021

The current literature on the politics of social policy has two major shortcomings: health care reforms are undertheoretized and research on Anglophone Africa tends to neglect health reforms. To tackle this, a case study on Kenya presents (failed) re-forms such as universal or categorical free health care or the introduction of health insurance and the expansion of its coverage. The case study clearly shows that there is no single theoretical explanation of social policy reforms or their failure. Rather, there are different combination of factors at work in Kenya.
Unter dem Einfluss einer Krise der Männlichkeit
Authors: Epple Ruedi
Published: January 2021

1922 trat Leonhard Ragaz von seiner Professur für Theologie an der Universität Zürich zurück und zog mit seiner Familie nach Zürich Aussersihl, einem stark wachsenden Aussenquartier mit Arbeiterbevölkerung. Er gründete dort ein sogenanntes Settlement, eine Siedlung wohlhabender oder gut gebildeter Leute in proletarischer Nachbarschaft. Seine Entscheidung, diesen aussergewöhnlichen Schritt zu unternehmen, wird hier in den Zusammenhang der „Krise der Männlichkeit“ gestellt, von der viele Männer betroffen waren, die den 1. Weltkrieg mitgemacht oder miterlebt hatten. Es wird untersucht, ob die Überlegungen, die Leonhard Ragaz zur Geschlechterfrage anstellte, von Verhaltensänderungen begleitet waren. Die kurze Studie kommt zum Schluss, dass sich im egozentrierten Netzwerk Leonhard Ragaz‘ in der Tat Änderungen abzeichnen, die sich als Folge einer Krise der Männlichkeit interpretieren lassen.
Bestimmungsgründe von Arbeitszeitkonten bei Betrieben und Beschäftigten
Authors: Zapf Ines
Published: January 2021

Arbeitszeitkonten ermöglichen es Arbeitszeiten zu variieren und den Arbeitseinsatz an das Arbeitsaufkommen anzupassen. Mit logistischen Regressionsmodellen und Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels wird in einem ersten Schritt analysiert, welche Faktoren Arbeitszeitkonten in Betrieben bestimmen. Die industriellen Beziehungen und betriebliche Beschäftigungsstruktur sind wesentliche Determinanten. In einem zweiten Schritt wird mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels analysiert, welche Faktoren den Zugang von Beschäftigten zu einem Arbeitszeitkonto bestimmen. Beschäftigte mit einem höheren Maß an Humankapital haben überdurchschnittlich häufig Zugang zu einem Arbeitszeitkonto, während geringfügig beschäftigte Frauen und befristet beschäftigte Männer unterdurchschnittlich häufig Arbeitszeitkonten haben.
Ergonomisch gestaltetes 3-Schichtsystem mit Nachtschichtreduktion für alle Beschäftigten
Authors: Jaeger Corinna
Published: January 2021

Nacht- und Schichtarbeit stellt eine besondere Belastung und Beanspruchung dar. Gemäß arbeitswissenschaftlicher Empfehlungen sollte die Phase des Arbeitens und Ruhens gegen den biologischen Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus möglichst kurz sein. Präventiv hat ein Unternehmen der Metall- und Elektroindustrie die Nachtschichten für alle betroffenen Mitarbeiter reduziert, das flexible Schichtsystem auf kurz vorwärts rotierend umgestellt und gleicht Mehrbelastung durch Freizeit aus.
Beziehungen zwischen Diesseits und Jenseits – Vom Sozialcharakter des Todes in religiös-kulturellen Traditionen und der Moderne
Authors: Heller Birgit
Published: January 2021

In den religiösen Traditionen ist der Tod ein Übergangsphänomen: Nicht Leben und Tod stehen sich gegenüber, sondern Geburt und Tod. Das Leben geht auch nach dem Tod weiter. Die verschiedenen Jenseitsvorstellungen machen deutlich, dass Menschen zwar das Schicksal der Sterblichkeit teilen, der Tod aber durchaus nicht alle Menschen gleich macht. Die Art des Weiterlebens ist von unterschiedlichen Faktoren abhängig. Auch die sozialen Beziehungen werden durch den Tod nicht zwangsläufig beendet. Diesseits und Jenseits sind nicht durch starre Grenzen vonei-nander getrennt, sondern durch rituelle und spirituelle Beziehungsnetze miteinan-der verbunden. Die facettenreiche Totensorge bildet einen wesentlichen Bereich der religiösen Traditionen und ist auch in der Moderne zumindest noch in Relikten anzutreffen.
Tod ist kein Zufall: Ungleiche Lebenszeitchancen als Herausforderung für die Sozialpolitik
Authors: Nollert Michael
Published: January 2021

Menschen sind vor dem Tod ungleich, und zwar nicht nur hinsichtlich sozialem Status, sondern auch im Hinblick auf ihre Lebenszeitchancen. Menschen mit geringen Lebenschancen verfügen über weniger Bildung, Einkommen, Vermögen und sterben früher als Menschen mit grösserer Ressourcenausstattung. Dieser Zusammenhang lässt sich sowohl global als auch innerhalb von reichen Ländern wie etwa der Schweiz nachweisen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die Ursachen ungleicher Lebenszeitchancen. Danach folgt ein Überblick über ausgewählte empirische Analysen. Abschliessend wird auf sozialpolitische Aspekte fokussiert. So liegt es auf der Hand, dass ein fixes Rentenalter, sei das 65 oder 67 Jahre, vor allem jene Menschen benachteiligt, die über ein hohes Risiko verfügen, unterdurchschnittlich früh zu sterben.
Palliative Care – Hintergründe, Ansätze und Herausforderungen
Authors: Steudter Elke
Published: January 2021

Der folgende Beitrag führt im Überblick in die Palliative Care ein und zeigt die zentralen Konzepte der auf die Lebensqualität von schwerkranken und sterbenden Menschen fokussierten Ausrichtung innerhalb des Gesundheits-, Pflege- und Sozialwesens. Die Ausführungen basieren auf der Vorlesung «Palliative Care – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen» im Rahmen der Veranstaltungsreihe «Sterben und Tod», die im Frühjahr 2016 im Departement für Sozialwissenschaften an der Universität Fribourg durchgeführt wurde. Die Ausführungen stellen neben den historischen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergründen die Prinzipien der palliativen Versorgung in den Vordergrund und beleuchten, welche Ansätze darin verfolgt werden und welche Herausforderungen damit verbunden sind.
The Multi-Layered Minority: Exploring the Intersection of Gender, Class and Religious-Ethnic Affiliation in the Marginalisation of Hazara Women in Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Sadiqa , Kanwer Maryam , Abbas Mirza Jaffer
Published: January 2021

The Shia Hazaras in Pakistan are one of the most persecuted religious minorities. According to a 2019 report produced by the National Commission for Human Rights, a government formed commission, at least 509 Hazaras have been killed since 2013 (NCHR 2018: 2). According to one of the Vice Chairs of the Human Rights Commission Pakistan, the country's leading human rights watchdog, between 2009 and 2014, nearly 1,000 Hazaras were killed in sectarian violence (Butt 2014). The present population of Shia Hazaras is the result of three historical migrations from Afghanistan (Hashmi 2016: 2). The first phase of migration occurred in 1880 1901 when Abd al Rahman Khan came to power in 1880 in Afghanistan and declared war against the Hazaras as a result of a series of revolts they made against the regime.
Konflik Komunal Antar Warga NU dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa Jermun Kecamatan Pampangan tahun 2016
Authors: Suhadi polis Suhadi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana konflik komunal yang terjadi di Desa jermun dalam pemeilihan kepala desa pada tahun 2016, masyarakat yang berkonflik dalam mendukung kader Nahdlatul Ulama yang berkontestasi merebutkan kekuasan untuk menjadi kepala desa di Desa Jermun.

Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yang pertama, bagaiamana kedudukan dan peran strategis Nahdlatul Ulama di Desa Jermun. kedua, bagaimana konflik komunal yang terjadi dalam kontestasi pilkades di Desa Jermun. Dalam dua rumusan masalah ini peneliti  mencari akar dari permaslahan konflik yang terjadi.

Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi pustaka dan studi kasus untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan dilakukan dengan cara mencari buku yang relevan denga penelitian ini dan dengan wawancara tiga pasang calon yang ikut kontestasi politik, engan masyarakat-masayarakat Desa Jermun.
THE CONCEPT OF 'IHDAD HUSBAND WHO LIVED WITH THEIR WIFE (ANALYTICAL STUDY OF QIRAAH MUBADALAH'S INTERPRETATION)
Authors: Syahriyati Laili Izza
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the research is implementation of ihdad husband whose wife died. The interpretation of ihdad was assessed as gender biased because it only talks about women. Women whose husbands die have a period of iddah and ihdad. Al-Quran texts and hadith explain about some of the prohibitions of ihdad women. Classical Fiqh  has nothing to say about ihdad for husbands. Next about ihdad husband will relation with Qiraah mubadalah. This research uses this type of research Yuridis-Normative. Qiraah mubadalah expalin about method of interpretation with in parallel subject text. That is Islamic texts that discuss the subject of women and men have the same meaning. the implementation of ihdad has a main goal is remember and respect and protect the feelings of the family who died. If hikmatuttasyri like that and then ihdad law not only apply to women, but applies also to men.
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GUARDIANS TO THE INHERITANCE OF MENTAL DISABLED CHILDREN
Authors: Fitriyati Yusida , Zuhdi Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The law protects the interests of individuals under all circumstances, including children with mental disabilities in term of incapacity due to legal incompetence. Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. Article 5 states that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia guarantees the survival of every citizen, including persons with disabilities, in this case persons with disabilities who are Muslims have a legal position and have the same human rights as Indonesian citizens and as an inseparable part of the Indonesian citizens and society. is a mandate and a gift from God Almighty, to live progressively and develop fairly and with dignity including obtaining justice and legal protection. Therefore, as a legal subject, people with mental disabilities are represented by their guardians in all their life activities. It is included in the control of the use of inheritance that is obtained. For this reason, this paper is made with a focus on the study of how the rights and obligations of guardians to the inheritance of mentally disabled children in Indonesia and global cultural relativism?
Tarımsal Peyzaj Değişimi Analizi: İzmir İli Bornova İlçesi Örneği
Authors: KURTŞAN Kübra , NURLU Engin
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde 2012 ve 2016 yılları arasında meydana gelen alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin tarımsal peyzajın değişimini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmada 2012 yılına ait RapidEye ve 2016 yılına ait Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma alanının alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü ile tarımsal peyzaj değişiminin analiz edilmesinde Sınıf Alanı (CA), Peyzajın Oranı (PLAND), Ortalama Leke Büyüklüğü (AREA_MN), Bağlantılılık İndeksi (CONNECT), Leke Sayısı (NP), Peyzaj Şekil İndeksi (LSI), Alan Ağırlıklı Ortalama Leke Büyüklüğü (AREA_AM) ve Ortalama Öklid En Yakın Komşu Mesafesi (ENN_MN) olmak üzere sekiz adet peyzaj metriğinden yararlanılmıştır. Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin belirlenmesinde ArcGIS 10.1 yazılımı, peyzaj metriklerine yönelik analizler için ise FRAGSTATS 4.2 yazılımı kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda tarımsal alanların 3113 hektardan 3121 hektara artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Tarım alanlarının yoğun olduğu bölgelerde yeni tarım alanlarının açılması ile tarım alanlarının genişlediği, diğer yerlerdeki büyük lekeler halindeki tarım alanlarının ise diğer alan kullanımlarına dönüşmesi nedeniyle küçülme eğilimi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin ve değişim eğilimlerinin ne yönde olduğunun tespit edilmesi, arazi üzerindeki baskıların azaltılması, doğal kaynaklardan optimum fayda sağlanması ve sürdürülebilir planlama stratejilerinin oluşturulması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin peyzaj metrikleri ile değerlendirilmesinin, değişimlerin izlenmesinde kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Fundamentos para la crítica del diseño gráfico
Authors: Flores-Figueroa José de Jesús
Published: January 2021

El diseño gráfico carece de una crítica, tal y cómo la tienen otras disciplinas. Usualmente se reduce a describir la obra sin explicar las articulaciones de los productos con la sociedad. Se propone un modelo de crítica basado en seis etapas: 1. Etapa de juicio funcional: Señala si el proyecto cumple el objetivo de comunicar. 2. Etapa de la descripción formal: Sobre seis variables, a saber: 1 composición, 2 ilustración, 3 figuras geométricas, 4 tipografía, 5 color y 6 fotografía. 3. Etapa de la descripción conceptual: Revisar y valorar tres variables: estética, innovación y abstracción. 4. Etapa del análisis de las relaciones producto-sociedad y cómo se articulan entre sí. Depende de la cosmovisión del crítico. 5. Proceso de redacción 6. Proceso de difusión. De concretarse una crítica del diseño, se dará otro paso en la conformación del diseñólogo, quién será el intelectual orgánico del diseño.
Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Stunting Status among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulkedir Munira
Published: January 2021

Background

Stunting is a public health problem that can pose a serious threat to global health because it can lead to less optimal growth and development potential. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of stunting and identified the various possible factors associated with stunting status among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia by using Bayesian Multilevel Analysis.
Methods

The descriptive result revealed that 8640 Children’s considered in the analysis, also showed that in Ethiopian Children’s who live in Afar and Amhara regions were more than other regions in prevalence of stunting. Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random 3 coefficient models were employed for data analysis based on the selection of smallest value of DIC.
Result

From these models, place of residence, educational attainment of women, husband educational level, sex of child, age of child, Size at birth, body mass index of mothers, household wealth index and birth order are significant factors.
Conclusion

The Bayesian multilevel random coefficients model was better fit than empty and random intercept. The variance of the random component related to the coefficient model was implying regional variations in stunting status of children among the regions in the country.
Construct Validity of The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk in the Long-term Care Setting: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Secondary Data
Authors: Schumacher Petra , Mueller Gerhard
Published: January 2021

Background: The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk (Braden Scale) is based on the conceptual model by Braden and Bergstrom. The scale’s psychometric properties have been tested with different methods of classical test theory; however, there is limited research on the construct validity of the scale. Therefore, this study aimed to test the construct validity of the Braden Scale with structural equation modeling (SEM) in the long-term care setting in Austria. Methods: Secondary analysis of 311 residents’ medical records were completed with SmartPLS. A formative-formative model was derived to evaluate the relationships between the measurement and latent variables of the Braden Scale. For checking the prerequisite tests for the SEM, a standard Partial Least Squares algorithm and a bootstrap procedure were used to estimate the significance of the model estimates. After calculating composite reliability of the total Braden Scale score, the overall formative-formative model was assessed for convergent and discriminant validity with the average variance extracted index (AVE) and Fornell-Larcker-Crtiterion (FLC) as well as Standardized Root Mean Square Residual fit index (SRMR).Results: The outer weights revealed a middle positive effect for the subscale friction and shear (β = 0.600); for all other subscale items, a weak positive effect (β = 0.261 – 0.430) on the two latent constructs Pressure and Tissue Tolerance. The inner weights showed a weak effect for the construct Tissue Tolerance (β = 0.423) and a middle effect for Pressure (β = 0.655) to the second order construct Pressure Sore Development. The latent construct was satisfactory reliable. The Braden Scale model was convergent (AVE = 0.579) and discriminant valid (FLC Pressure = 0.954; FLC Tissue Tolerance = 0.886). The model itself had a fit of SRMR = 0.146.Conclusions: The overall assessment of the Braden Scale show that both constructs (Pressure and Tissue Tolerance) are valid in themselves and describe the overall construct Pressure Sore Development equally valid. The separation of the items into the two latent constructs Pressure and Tissue Tolerance, might be reasonable and should be focus of further nursing research.
Understanding the interaction properties of an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor on Zn (1 1 0) surface: Comprehensive DFT-based MD simulation
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Atyeh , Rezvani Mahyar , Ganji Masoud Darvish
Published: January 2021

Regarding the deleterious effects of corrosion for a wide range of metals and alloys, many different techniques have been developed to protect the metals against corrosion. Utilizing organic inhibitors, especially those that contain heteroatoms and multiple bonds has been found an effective approach. In this research, the adsorption of a novel green inhibitor, Laurhydrazide N′-propan-3-one (LHP), on the Zn (110) surface was investigated using dispersion corrected DFT calculations. Interaction energy and electronic structures were calculated for different orientations of the inhibitor toward the Zn surface. The validity of calculated interaction energy has been verified by the MP2 level of theory. The AIM theory analysis revealed that LHP bound strongly to the Zn surface through its O active site and also its orientation affects greatly the interaction energy. Furthermore, diffusion of LHP through its O atoms active sites was observed with the state-of-the-art DFT-MD simulation during the simulation procedure that agrees well with the experiments for similar molecules adsorbed on the metal surfaces. The presented findings afford a vital insight into the interactive nature of adsorbed inhibitors on metallic surfaces and will help to develop advanced functional materials in coating technologies.
Incidence and Determinants of Newborn Mortality in the First Three Days of Delivery in Northwestern Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Worke Mulugeta , Mekonnen Afework , Limeneh Simachew
Published: January 2021

Background: Addressing the target of sustainable development goals of reducing perinatal mortality was still a global challenge, and it is a concern in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study planned to determine the incidence and determinants of neonatal mortality in the first three days among babies delivered in Amhara Regional State’s referral hospitals. Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study design was conducted among 810 neonates in the first three days of delivery between March 1 and August 30, 2018. The neonates were followed, starting from the time of admission to 72 hours. An interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical record review were conducted for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.4 and analyzed using STATA™ version 16.0 for the analysis. Cox-Proportional hazard model was used to determine the survival time of the newborns. Results: The overall incidence of newborn mortality in this study was 151/1,000 births. Neonatal mortality was significantly high among newborns whose mothers came between 17 and 28 weeks of gestation for the first visit; among those whose mothers labour was not monitored with a partograph, mothers experience postpartum haemorrhage, develop fistula in the first 24 hours, and experience obstructed labour. However, 39% were less risky among newborns whose mothers were directly admitted and whose mothers had visited health facilities in less than 1-hour, both. Conclusions: This study revealed that about 1 in 7 newborns died in the early three days of life. Timing of the first antenatal visit, quality of labour monitoring, maternal complications, and delay in seeking the care were the determinants. Thus, scaling-up of evidence-based interventions and harmonized efforts to improve antenatal care quality, promote institutional deliveries, provide optimal essential and emergency obstetric care, and ensure immediate postnatal care may improve neonatal survival.
Jianpi Qinghua Formula Reduced Intramyocellular Lipids (IMCLs) by Inhibiting Excessive Activation of mTORC1
Authors: Han Xv , Chen Qingguang , Liu Yahua , Xv Junfei , Lu Hao
Published: January 2021

Background:IMCLs are an important factor in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. This study aimed to explore the effect of Jianpi Qinghua formula (JPQHF) on IMCLs and its mechanism, as well as the relationship between IMCLs and other skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity factors, thereby elucidating the mechanism by which JPQHF improves insulin sensitivity.Methods: In an in vivo experiment, JPQHF and pioglitazone (PIO) were individually used to treat C57 mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. In an in vitro experiment, JPQHF and rapamycin in serum were individually used to treat C2C12 cells induced with palmitic acid. The IMCLs of tissue and cells were subjected to oil red O staining. The RNA and protein expression of PPARγ, myogenin, mTORC1 and members of the PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle tissue and C2C12 cells was examined. Differences between the different intervention groups were determined.Results: IMCLs were significantly increased in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet and the C2C12 cell line treated with palmitic acid compared to the corresponding controls. mTORC1 phosphorylation and PPARγ levels were also increased, and AKT phosphorylation and myogenin levels were decreased. Intervention with JPQHF reversed the above changes. In addition, the PPARγ level in C2C12 cells was reduced after intervention with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1. However, AKT phosphorylation and myogenin levels did not recover after rapamycin intervention.Conclusion: IMCLs were significantly increased in obese C57 mice and palmitic acid-treated C2C12 cells. JPQHF reduced IMCLs both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, this effect likely occurred through JPQHF-mediated inhibition of the overactivation of mTORC1 and a subsequent reduction in the expression of PPARγ. However, the function of JPQHF in elevating myogenin levels and the PI3K/AKT pathway may not be entirely dependent on mTORC1.
Predictive Value of Charlson Comorbidity Index and Cofactors on 2-Year Mortality in Older Patients With Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Xu Jianda , Yasuhiro Homma , Jinnai Yuta , Baba Tomonori , Xu Zhuang , Watari Taiji , Banno Sammy , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) and cofactors on 2-year mortality in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures. 60 cases with unilateral intertrochanteric fracture were retrospectively analyzed and divided into Low-CCI group (CCI: 1-4) or high-CCI groups (CCI: 5-6). All the patients’ electronic hospital records were reviewed. The preoperative situations (demographic data, comorbidities and fracture conditions), perioperative situations (wait time, operation time, implant choice, blood loss, transfusion or not) and postoperative situations (complications, first time out of bed, function about 1-/2- week and 2-year mortality) were recorded. 51.67% were in low-CCI group and 48.33% in high-CCI group. The survival rates in low- and high-CCI group were 93.5% and 86.2 % respectively. According to the functional results of 1- or 2- week after operation, no significant difference was found (P=0.955, 0.140). Log-rank analysis showed that the main prognostic factors were blood loss, first time out of bed and complication (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that complication and first time out of bed were significant factor on survival rate (P=0.029, 0.010). Charlson comorbidities index maybe not the indicator of 2-year mortality in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures. In order to improve the prognosis, more attentions should be paid to reduce the complications and encourage postoperative earlier excise out of bed.
Study of Lipid Heterogeneity on Bilayer Membranes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Sastry G. Narahari , Kumar Nandan
Published: January 2021

Human cell membranes consist of various lipids that are essential for their structure and function. Several experimental techniques have been used to characterize the composition of human cell membranes; however, it is challenging task to depict in theoretical calculations. In this work, we have investigated the structure-function relationship of lipids in both homogeneous and heterogeneous bilayer models using Molecular-Dynamics to delineate the effect of heterogeneity on the biophysical properties of membranes. Results illustrated that the biophysical properties of heterogeneous membranes are dependent on the lipid composition and concentration. We observed that the presence of cholesterol in combination with other lipids, introduced compactness of the membrane, increasing the membrane thickness. The density of lipid head group, phosphate, and glycerol-ester in presence of cholesterol with or without sphingomyelin is an underlying reason for membrane ordering. The radial distribution function shows that the cholesterol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine self-interaction and the interaction between cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine determine the structure and function of the heterogeneous membrane. Our findings provide a baseline for membrane heterogeneity that would help in understanding the physiological properties of membranes and may help to wisely select the heterogeneous bilayer model to mimic the realistic human cell membranes and the associated phenomenon.
Coarse-grained Simulation of Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Jia Xiang-feng , Chen Jing-fei , Ren Hui-xue , Wang Qi , Xu Wen , Ma Yong-shan , Li Xue-mei
Published: January 2021

Through analyzing the deficiency of the current coarse-grained (CG) model, a new CG model for the ionic surfactant was proposed based on the Martini force field and iterative Boltzmann inversion method. In this model, the electrostatic interaction can be tackled by using a self-defined piecewise function to avoid the disadvantage of using coarse-grained solvents, and the VDW interaction parameters were derived by iterative methods. Using the improved model, the radial distribution function of NaCl and SDS solution in all-atom OPLS can be completely reproduced. The successful setup of the new coarse-grained model provides a good example of the construction of a high-precision coarse-grained force field.
Relationship of The Knee Extensor Strength But Not The Quadriceps Femoris Muscularity With Sprint Performance in Sprinters: A Reexamination and Extension
Authors: Hori Miyuki , Suga Tadashi , Terada Masafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Kusagawa Yuki , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study examined the relationships of the knee extensor strength and quadriceps femoris size with sprint performance in sprinters. Methods: Fifty-eight male sprinters and 40 body size-matched male non-sprinters participated in this study. The knee extensor isometric and isokinetic strengths were measured using a dynamometer. The isokinetic strength measurements were performed with slow and fast velocities at 60°/s and 180°/s, respectively. The quadriceps femoris muscle volume (MV) was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative values of the knee extensor strengths and quadriceps femoris MV were normalized to body mass.Results: The absolute and relative values of the two velocity isokinetic strengths, but not of isometric strength, of the knee extension were significantly higher in sprinters than in non-sprinters (both Ps < 0.05). Such a significant difference was also observed for the relative quadriceps femoris MV (P = 0.018). In sprinters, there were significant correlations between all three knee extensor strengths and quadriceps femoris MV (r = 0.421 to 0.531, all Ps £ 0.001). The absolute and relative strengths of the fast-velocity isokinetic knee extension correlated with personal best 100-m sprint time (r = -0.477 and -0.409, respectively, both Ps £ 0.001). By contrast, no significant correlations were observed between absolute and relative quadriceps femoris MVs and personal best 100-m sprint time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that despite the presence of the relationship between muscle strength and size, the knee extensor strength may be related to superior sprint performance in sprinters independently of the quadriceps femoris muscularity.
Processing of Human Nerve Growth Factor β Proprotein in the Plant Cell Apoplast
Authors: Zangi Maryam , Ofoghi Hamideh , Ehsani Parastoo , Shokri Fazel , Ghotloo Somayeh , Fahmideh Foad
Published: January 2021

The Human HNGF-β gene encodes a pre-pro-NGF-β precursor protein. The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum and the resulting pro-protein is processed in the trans-Golgi network by the Furin enzyme.The processing of the proproteins in the plant cells is not clearly defined. In the present study, various changes were applied to the HNGF-β gene sequence to increase its expression in the plant cells. The construct containing the synthesized Plant NGF-β gene was agro-infiltrated into the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Thereafter, the expression of various forms of the recombinant NGF-β and its processing was evaluated using dot blot, western blot, and RP-HPLC analyses. Finally, the biological activity of the mature NGF-β purified from the apoplast was assessed on the differentiation of PC12 cells and the expression of tetanus toxin receptors on their surfaces.Dot blot and western blot results showed that the total soluble proteins extracted from the plant leaves and the apoplast extract contained pro-NGF-β and mature NGF-β proteins, respectively. The RP-HPLC results reconfirmed the presence of the mature NGF-β in the apoplast extract. The amount of the mature NGF-β produced in the plant leaves was estimated to be about 39µg/g of the fresh leaves. A gradual increase in the length and number of the neurites of the differentiated PC12 cells was showed upon treatment with the mature NGF-β. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that the FITC-labeled tetanus toxin strongly bound to PC12 cells treated with mature NGF-β. This modification shows a very important advantage for plants to produce valuable biosimilar pharmaceutical proteins from precursor without applying biochemical or co-expression of modifying enzymes.
Peripheral Uric Acid as a Biomarker in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder: A Case Control Study
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wang Yingtan , Xun Guanglei
Published: January 2021

Background: At present, no well-established biomarkers were ever found to distinguish unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to explore whether uric acid (UA) could be a biomarker to distinguish UD and BD. Methods: Peripheral UA of 119 patients with BD in acute stage (AS) and 77 in remission stage (RS), and 95 patients with UD in AS and 61 in RS were measured, so were 180 healthy controls. Differences in continuous variables among groups were assessed by the independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The chi-square test was applied to categorical data such as gender. Results: UA levels in BD group were higher than UD and HC groups regardless of the AS or RS, while differences in UA levels between UD group and HC group were not significant. Differences of UA levels between BD-M (bipolar mania/hypomania) and BD-D (bipolar depression) subgroups were not significant, and UA levels of BD-M and BD-D subgroups were higher than UD and HC groups. Only in UD group, UA levels of drug-use subgroup were higher than drug-naïve/free subgroup, but differences disappeared when analyzed stratified by sex; whether in drug-use or drug-naïve/free subgroup, differences of UA levels between BD-M and BD-D groups were not significant.Conclusion: The study suggests UA levels may be a biomarker of BD to distinguish from UD.
 Decline of Mongolian Pine Forest by the Combinatory Effect of European Woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Li Chunchun , Luo Youqing , Ren Lili , Lv Ning , Zhou Jingjiang , Wang Senshan
Published: January 2021

Interactions between the decline of Mongolian pine woodlands and fungal communities and invasive pests in northeast China, are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities occurring in healthy uninfested, unhealthy uninfested and Sirex noctilio infested Mongolian pine and analyzed the relationship between the decline of Mongolian pine and fungal communities and woodwasp. The population number of S. noctilio was very high in the declining Mongolian pine forest. 26 fungal species identified from three tree samples. Each tree sample harbored a fungal endophyte community with a unique structure. The invasion of woodwasp appear to be promoted by the fungal community in the Mongolian pine woodlands. Pathogenic fungi richness was four times higher in infested and unhealthy uninfested compared to healthy uninfested trees. Sphaeropsis sapinea was the most dominant pathogenic fungus in Mongolian pine forest, and infested healthy Mongolian pine without wounding, but a with lower incidence of without wounding (38.72%) than wound ones (83.22%). Collectively, these data indicated that the fungal disease may have caused the initial reason of the decline of the Mongolian pine forest, and also provided convenient conditions for the successful colonization of woodwasp. The woodwasp attacked stressed Mongolian pine trees and accelerated its decline.
Foveal Regeneration after Treatment of Acute Foveal Toxoplasmic Chorioretinitis
Authors: Abrishami Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Momtahen Solmaz , Zamani Ghodsieh
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To report a patient with impaired vision due to foveal involvement of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis, who was successfully treated with intravitreal and oral therapy and led to successful visual and anatomic recovery.Case presentation: A thirty two-year-old man presented with three-day history of gradually decreasing visual acuity, redness, pain and photophobia of the right eye. Anterior chamber cellular reaction, vitritis and a white retinochoroiditis patch with adjacent retinal vasculitis in the fovea was suggestive of the toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. He was treated with intravitreal Clindamycin and Dexamethason injection followed by six-week regimen of Azithromycine, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Prednisolone. In serial optical coherence tomography imaging, retinitis patch changed to cavitary foveal destruction. Fovea was regenerated gradually, and visual acuity was concurrently improved from counting finger 3m to 20/25. Conclusion: In foveal toxoplasmic chorioretinitis lesions, timely treatment is associated with retinal regeneration and visual improvement.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Genotypes and Their Association With Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases: a Cross Sectional Study in Southern Iran
Authors: Raufi Rahim , Shahriarirad Reza , Pishva SeyedehMaryam , Taghipour Nikta
Published: January 2021

Background: Investigating the prevalence of vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA), cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA), glm M genotypes, and subtypes of vacA of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolate in Jahrom, Southern Iran. DNA extracted from H. pylori samples retrieved from gastric biopsy isolated from 113 dyspeptic patients with positive rapid urease test (RUT). Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using primers for vacA (s1a, s1b, s1c, s1, s2, m2, and m1), cagA, and glmM. Endoscopy was done for all the patients to screen upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Results: GlmM was detected in 100% of the cases. VacA subtypes s1am2, s2m2, s1a, s1b, and s1c were detected in 27.9%, 25.6%, 50%, 3.5% and 2.4% of the isolates, respectively, while cagA was detected in 60.5% of the isolates. VacA alleles m1, s1, and s2 were detected in 54%, 50%, and 44% of isolates respectively. Also, 60.5% of the isolates were cagA-vacA-positive. A significant correlation was observed between vacAs1bm1 and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and glmM and normal esophagus. The presence of vacAs1bm1 and vacAs1bm2 has a significant association with gastric erythema. The presence of cagA showed a significant association with normal esophagus and hiatal hernia.Conclusions: In our research, the number of glmM and cagA positive isolates is higher among other genotypes and cagA is correlated with hiatal hernia, and normal esophageal finding is correlated with glmM genotype. There was no association between age or sex of the patients and bacterial genotype.
MYC amplification at diagnosis drives therapy-induced hypermutation of recurrent glioma
Authors: Wang Jiguang , Mu Quanhua , Chai Ruichao , Liu Hanjie , Yang Yingxi , Zhao Zheng , Lui Ming Hong , Bao Zhaoshi , Song Dong , Jiang Biaobin , Sa Jason , Cho Hee Jin , Chang Yuzhou , Chan Kaitlin Hao Yi , Loi Danson Shek Chun , Tam Sindy Sing Ting , Chan Aden Ka Yin , Wu Angela , Poon Wai San , Ng H.K. , Chan Danny , Iavarone Antonio , Nam Do-Hyun , Jiang Tao
Published: January 2021

Clonal evolution drives cancer progression and therapeutic resistance1-2. Recent longitudinal analyses revealed divergent clonal dynamics in adult diffuse gliomas3–11. However, the early genomic and epigenomic factors that steer post-treatment molecular trajectories remain unknown. To track evolutionary predictors, we analyzed sequencing and clinical data of matched initial-recurrent tumor pairs from 511 adult diffuse glioma patients. Using machine learning we developed methods capable of predicting grade progression and hypermutation from tumor characteristics at diagnosis. Strikingly, MYC copy number gain in initial tumors emerged as a key factor predicting development of hypermutation under temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. The driving role of MYC in TMZ-associated hypermutagenesis has been experimentally validated in a model of TMZ-induced hypermutator using both patient-derived gliomaspheres and established glioma cell lines. Subsequent studies showed that c-Myc binding to open chromatin and transcriptionally active regions increases the vulnerability of genomic regions to TMZ-induced mutagenesis. Consequently, MYC target genes, including the key mismatch repair genes, develop loss-of-function mutations, thus triggering the hypermutation process. This study reveals MYC as an early predictor of cancer evolution and provides a machine learning platform for predicting cancer dynamics to improve patient management.
Serous Membrane Detachment with Ultrasonic Homogenizer Improves Engraftment of Fetal Liver to Liver Surface in a Rat Cirrhosis Model
Authors: Kawakatsu-Hatada Yumi , Murata Soichiro , Mori Akihiro , Kimura Kodai , Taniguchi Hideki
Published: January 2021

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage cirrhosis. However, due to serious donor shortages, new treatments to replace liver transplantation are sorely needed. Recent studies have focused on novel therapeutic methods using hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells, we try hard to develop methods for transplanting these cells to the liver surface. In the present study, we evaluated several methods for their efficiency in the detachment of serous membrane covering the liver surface for transplantation to the liver surface. The liver surface of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient rats in a cirrhosis model was detached by various methods, followed by fetal livers from DPPIV-positive rats were transplanted. We found that the engraftment rate and area as well as the liver function were improved in rats undergoing transplantation following serous membrane detachment with an ultrasonic homogenizer, which mimics Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator® (CUSA), compared with no detachment. Furthermore, the bleeding amount was lower with the ultrasonic homogenizer method than with the needle and electric scalpel methods. These findings provide evidence that transplantation to the liver surface with serous membrane detachment using CUSA might contribute to the development of new treatments for cirrhosis using liver organoids.