bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCR5 Ligands Modulate CXCL12-Induced Chemotaxis, Adhesion, and Akt Phosphorylation of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cells
Authors: Basu Sunanda , Broxmeyer Hal E.
Published: November 2009

CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play an important role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) migration from and retention within the bone marrow. HSPCs are very selective in their chemotactic response and undergo chemotaxis only in response to CXCL12. In addition to CXCR4, HSPCs express receptors for various other chemokines; however, the role of these receptors is not well understood. Freshly isolated CD34+ cells (highly enriched for HSPCs) from cord blood (CB) express low levels of CCR5; however, if the cells were washed with acidic buffer before Ab staining to remove any ligand bound to CCR5, then nearly 80% of CD34+ CB cells were found to express CCR5 on the cell surface. Although none of the CCR5 ligands investigated in this study (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) induced chemotaxis, at relatively high concentrations they transiently enhanced CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of CD34+ CB cells. In contrast, CXCL12-mediated adhesion of cells to VCAM-1-coated surfaces was reduced if CD34+ CB cells were pretreated with these CCR5 ligands for 15 min. The effect of these chemokines on CXCL12-mediated responses was not at the level of CXCR4 expression, but on downstream signaling pathways elicited by CXCL12. Pretreatment with CCR5 chemokines enhanced CXCL12-mediated Akt phosphorylation, but down-modulated calcium flux in CD34+ CB cells. Modulation of CXCL12-mediated responses of CD34+ cells by CCR5 chemokines provides a possible mechanism that underlies movement of HSPCs during inflammation.
Lipopolysaccharide Sensitizes Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in a MyD88-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Stridh Linnea , Li Wenli , Dean Justin , Elmgren Anders , Gan Liming , Eriksson Kristina , Hagberg Henrik , Mallard Carina
Published: November 2009

Neurological deficits in children, including cerebral palsy, are associated with prior infection during the perinatal period. Experimentally, we have shown that pre-exposure to the Gram-negative component LPS potentiates hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborn animals. LPS effects are mediated by binding to TLR4, which requires recruitment of the MyD88 adaptor protein or Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β for signal transduction. In this study, we investigated the role of MyD88 in neonatal brain injury. MyD88 knockout (MyD88 KO) and wild-type mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and 10% O2 for 50 min on postnatal day 9. LPS or saline were administered i.p. at 14 h before HI. At 5 days after HI in wild-type mice, LPS in combination with HI caused a significant increase in gray and white matter tissue loss compared with the saline-HI group. By contrast, in the MyD88 KO mice there was no potentiation of brain injury with LPS-HI. MyD88 KO mice exhibited reduced NFκB activation and proinflammatory cytokine-chemokine expression in response to LPS. The number of microglia and caspase-3 activation was increased in the brain of MyD88 KO mice after LPS exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that MyD88 plays an essential role in LPS-sensitized HI neonatal brain injury, which involves both inflammatory and caspase-dependent pathways.
Is Race a Risk Factor for the Development of Renal Artery Stenosis?
Authors: Jazrawi Ayad , Darda Saba , Burke Peter , Daccarett Marcos , Stehlik Josef , David Shukri , Zughaib Marcel
Published: November 2009

Atherosclerotic renal artery disease is a common cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease that may progress into end stage renal failure if not diagnosed and treated early. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to determine whether race is an independent risk factor for developing RAS. A retrospective study was conducted including 324 patients with resistant hypertension who underwent renal angiography with or without coronary angiography. In univariate analysis, Caucasian race was associated with significant risk of RAS (OR = 2.3, = .01). However, this association was no longer significant after correcting for additional clinical variables in a multivariate model (OR = 1.5, = .07). There was a strong association between smoking and RAS (OR 2.0, = .02). We conclude that traditional risk factors, especially smoking, rather than race, are the most important predictors of RAS development.
Two approaches to life in the Second Temple period: Deuteronomy and Qoholet
Authors: Lombaard Christo
Published: November 2009

The prosaic Mosaic death in Deuteronomy 34 leaves the way of life [foreign font omitted] as constituted in [foreign font omitted]. That is, par excellence: Life [foreign font omitted] is found in words. In Qohelet, another kind of existentialism, in the face of death, is found, namely in the sensual life of enjoyment of food, drink and companionship. These two approaches constitute different, competing Second Temple period conceptions of how to live, despite death, coram Deo. These two conceptions indicate the existence of more than one ethos within ancient Judaic society – a dynamic often lacking in the South African context.
Robust adaptive sliding mode control for uncertain delta operator systems
Authors: Yang Hongjiu , Xia Yuanqing , Fu Mengyin , Shi Peng
Published: November 2009

In this paper, a robust adaptive sliding mode controller is presented for delta operator systems with mismatched uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. The parameters of the delta operator system are taken for norm‐bounded uncertainties. The exogenous disturbance is also assumed to be bounded. After the statement of a sufficient condition for the existence of linear sliding surface based on linear matrix inequality technique, a robust reaching motion control method for delta operator systems is presented. Afterwards, an adaptive sliding mode controller for delta operator systems is designed. A bridge between the robust adaptive sliding mode control and the delta operator system framework is made. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and Structural Characterizations of Individual Single‐, Double‐, and Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pettes Michael T. , Shi Li
Published: November 2009

Thermal conductance measurements of individual single‐ (S), double‐ (D), and multi‐ (M) walled (W) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown using thermal chemical vapor deposition between two suspended microthermometers are reported. The crystal structure of the measured CNT samples is characterized in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal conductance, diameter, and chirality are all determined on the same individual SWCNT. The thermal contact resistance per unit length is obtained as 78–585 m K W−1 for three as‐grown 10–14 nm diameter MWCNTs on rough Pt electrodes, and decreases by more than 2 times after the deposition of amorphous platinum–carbon composites at the contacts. The obtained intrinsic thermal conductivity of approximately 42–48, 178–336, and 269–343 W m−1 K−1 at room‐temperature for the three MWCNT samples correlates well with TEM‐observed defects spaced approximately 13, 20, and 29 nm apart, respectively; whereas the effective thermal conductivity is found to be limited by the thermal contact resistance to be about 600 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature for the as‐grown DWCNT and SWCNT samples without the contact deposition.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis and Characterization of Metastable Boron Carbide Nanowires
Authors: Velamakanni Aruna , Ganesh K. J. , Zhu Yanwu , Ferreira Paulo J. , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: November 2009

Catalyst‐free growth of boron carbide nanowires is achieved by pyrolysis of diborane and methane at 650–750 °C and around 500 mTorr in a quartz tube furnace. Electron‐diffraction analysis using a novel diffraction‐scanning transmission electron microscopy (D‐STEM) technique indicates that the crystalline nanowires are single‐crystal orthorhombic boron carbide. TEM images show that the nanowires are covered by a 1–3 nm thick amorphous layer of carbon. Elemental analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) shows only boron and carbon while energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the presence of oxygen as well as boron and carbon.
Nanoshells with Targeted Simultaneous Enhancement of Magnetic and Optical Imaging and Photothermal Therapeutic Response
Authors: Bardhan Rizia , Chen Wenxue , Perez‐Torres Carlos , Bartels Marc , Huschka Ryan M. , Zhao Liang L. , Morosan Emilia , Pautler Robia G. , Joshi Amit , Halas Naomi J.
Published: November 2009

Integrating multiple functionalities into individual nanoscale complexes is of tremendous importance in biomedicine, expanding the capabilities of nanoscale structures to perform multiple parallel tasks. Here, the ability to enhance two different imaging technologies simultaneously—fluorescence optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging—with antibody targeting and photothermal therapeutic actuation is combined all within the same nanoshell‐based complex. The nanocomplexes are constructed by coating a gold nanoshell with a silica epilayer doped with Fe3O4 and the fluorophore ICG, which results in a high T2 relaxivity (390 mM−1 s−1) and 45× fluorescence enhancement of ICG. Bioconjugate nanocomplexes target HER2+ cells and induce photothermal cell death upon near‐IR illumination.
Conformal Nano‐Sized Inorganic Coatings on Mesoporous TiO2 Films for Low‐Temperature Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Fabrication
Authors: Grinis Larissa , Kotlyar Sveta , Rühle Sven , Grinblat Judith , Zaban Arie
Published: November 2009

Here, a new method based on sol–gel electrophoretic deposition to produce uniform high‐quality inorganic conformal coatings on mesoporous nano‐particulate films is presented. This novel sol preparation method allows for very fine control of the coating properties, thus inducing new adjustable functionalities to these electrodes. It is shown that the deposition of an amorphous TiO2 and/or MgO shell onto photoanodes used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) improves their light‐to‐electric‐power conversion efficiency without the need for sintering. It is proposed that the amorphous TiO2 coating improves the electronic inter‐particle connection and passivates the surface states. The insulating MgO coating further reduces the electron transfer from the conduction band into the electrolyte while the electron injection from the excited dye state remains unperturbed for thin coatings. Using a low‐temperature method for DSSC production on plastic substrates, a maximum efficiency of 6.2% applying pressure together with an optimized TiO2 coating is achieved. For systems that cannot be pressed a conversion efficiency of 5.1% is achieved using a double shell TiO2/MgO coating.
Safety knowledge, safety behaviors, depression, and injuries in Colorado farm residents
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Stallones Lorann
Published: November 2009

Background

Changing safety behavior has been the target of injury prevention in the farming community for years but significant reductions in the number of farming injuries have not always followed. This study describes the relationships between safety knowledge, safety behavior, depression, and injuries using 3 years of self‐reported data from a cohort of farm residents in Colorado.

Methods

Farm operators and their spouses (n = 652) were recruited in 1993 from a farm truck registration list using stratified probability sampling. Respondents answered ten safety knowledge and ten safety behavior questions. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale was used to evaluate depression. The most severe farm work‐related injury over a 3‐year period was the outcome variable. Factor analysis was used to produce a single measure of safety knowledge for logistic regression models to evaluate the relationships between injuries, safety knowledge, and behaviors.

Results

Safety knowledge was significantly associated with wearing personal protective equipment. None of the safety behaviors were significantly associated with injuries. In the presence of depression, low safety knowledge increased the probability of injury (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.00–15.0) in models adjusted for age, sex, hours worked per week, and financial problems. Compared to those not depressed, those depressed with a low safety score showed significantly greater risk of injury than those depressed with a high score in adjusted models (OR 3.09, CI 1.31–7.29 vs. OR 0.86, CI 0.31–2.37).

Conclusions

Future work on injuries in the farming community should include measures of mood disorders and interactions with safety perceptions and knowledge. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:47–54, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetic structure of populations from Haiti and Jamaica reflect divergent demographic histories
Authors: Simms Tanya M. , Rodriguez Carol E. , Rodriguez Rosa , Herrera Rene J.
Published: November 2009

The West Indies represent an amalgamation of African, European and in some cases, East Asian sources, but the contributions from each ethnic group remain relatively unexplored from a genetic perspective. In the present study, we report, for the first time, allelic frequency data across the complete set of 15 autosomal STR loci for general collections from Haiti and Jamaica, which were subsequently used to examine the genetic diversity present in each island population. Our results indicate that although both Haiti and Jamaica display genetic affinities with the continental African collections, a stronger African signal is detected in Haiti than in Jamaica. Although only minimal contributions from non‐African sources were observed in Haiti, Jamaica displays genetic input from both European and East Asian sources, an admixture profile similar to other New World collections of African descent analyzed in this report. The divergent genetic signatures present in these populations allude to the different migratory events of Africans, Europeans, and East Asians into the New World. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of potassium persulfate on graft copolymerization and mechanical properties of cassava starch/natural rubber foams
Authors: Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Chumeka Wannapa
Published: November 2009

The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch foams prepared from cassava starch blended with natural rubber latex by reactive blending. Potassium persulfate was used as an initiator for graft copolymerization between the starch and natural rubber during baking. The starch–natural rubber graft copolymer (starch‐g‐NR copolymer) was successfully produced during both suspension and melt blending based on 1H‐NMR and FTIR characterization. Natural rubber increased the flexural modulus of starch/natural rubber foams without potassium persulfate, thus indicating the compatibility of the blends. The starch‐g‐NR copolymer, acting as a compatibilizing agent, enhanced the impact strength of foams, but it did not improve the flexural modulus. This may be due to the potassium persulfate decreasing the molecular weight of the natural rubber. Relative humidity also played an important role on the mechanical properties. Foams became more ductile at higher relative humidities. Since foam density increased with an increasing natural rubber content, the specific impact strength was also considered. A soil burial test showed that the cassava starch foams and foams containing 15 pph of natural rubber were fully biodegraded within 8 and 18 weeks, respectively. The starch‐g‐NR copolymer delayed biodegradation of foams and foams containing high natural rubber content, i.e., 35 pph, showed a low ability to be biodegraded. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Distribution of Amelotin in Mouse Tooth Development
Authors: Gao Yuguang , Wang Wanchun , Sun Yan , Zhang Juanjuan , Li Dongliang , Wei Yahong , Han Tingting
Published: November 2009

Amelotin is expressed and secreted by ameloblasts in tooth development, but amelotin distribution during enamel development is not clear. In this report, we first investigated amelotin expression in developing teeth by immunohistochemistry. Amelotin was detected in the enamel matrix at the secretion and maturation stages of enamel development. Amelotin was also observed at Tomes' processes on the apical ends of secretory ameloblasts. We then compared amelotin gene expression with those of amelogenin, enamelin, and ameloblastin in the mandibles of postnatal mice by RT‐PCR. The expression of amelotin was detected as early as in postnatal day 0 mandibles and amelotin was coexpressed with amelogenin, ameloblastin, and enamelin during tooth development. These data strongly suggest that amelotin is an enamel matrix protein expressed at the secretion and maturation stages of enamel development. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2‐Aryl‐3‐(1H‐Azol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐Indole Derivatives: A New Class of Antimycobacterial Compounds – Conventional Heating in Comparison with MW‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Zampieri Daniele , Mamolo Maria Grazia , Laurini Erik , Scialino Giuditta , Banfi Elena , Vio Luciano
Published: November 2009

2‐Aryl‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl and 1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their in‐vitro antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. These indole derivatives were devoid of antifungal activity against the tested strains of Candida spp. Yet, they exhibited an interesting antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv.
Facile Synthesis and In‐Vitro Antitumor Activity of Some Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines and Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines Linked to a Thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole Moiety
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Saleh Tamer S. , El‐Zahabi Heba S. A.
Published: November 2009

The key precursor E‐3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐1‐(3‐methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one 4 was synthesized in good yield using Gold's reagent. The reaction of enaminone 4 with 5‐amino‐3‐aryl‐1‐phenylpyrazoles 5a, b in refluxing acetic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, yielded pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines 7a, b. Similarly, pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 10a, b and 14a–f were prepared by reaction of enaminone 4 with 5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazoles 8a, b and 12a–f, respectively. The structure of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine 10b was determined by X‐ray diffraction. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in‐vitro antitumor activity against the colon cancer cell line CaCo‐2; their cytotoxicity against the normal fibroblast cell line BHK was explored as well. Some of the tested compounds exhibited cell growth inhibitory activity. The significant antitumor activity of compound 14f against the CaCo‐2 cell line (IC50 = 0.5 μg/mL) was coupled with a lower toxicity against BHK (IC50 = 2.3 μg/mL).
Is scientific literature subject to a ‘Sell‐By‐Date’? A general methodology to analyze the ‘durability’ of scientific documents
Authors: Costas Rodrigo , van Leeuwen Thed N. , van Raan Anthony F.J.
Published: November 2009

The study of the citation histories and ageing of documents are topics that have been addressed from several perspectives, especially in the analysis of documents with “delayed recognition” or “sleeping beauties.” However, there is no general methodology that can be extensively applied for different time periods or research fields. In this article, a new methodology for the general analysis of the ageing and “durability” of scientific papers is presented. This methodology classifies documents into three general types: delayed documents, which receive the main part of their citations later than normal documents; flashes in the pan, which receive citations immediately after their publication but are not cited in the long term; and normal documents, documents with a typical distribution of citations over time. These three types of durability have been analyzed considering the whole population of documents in the Web of Science with at least 5 external citations (i.e., not considering self‐citations). Several patterns related to the three types of durability have been found and the potential for further research of the developed methodology is discussed.
Neue Wege zur seismischen Ertüchtigung von Weltkulturerbe im Lehmbau: Das Beispiel der Zitadelle von Bam, Iran
Authors: Bakeer Tammam , Fuchs Christian , Jäger Wolfram , Schöps Peter
Published: November 2009

Im Dezember 2003 zerstörte ein schweres Erdbeben die Stadt Bam in Südostiran. Opfer der verheerenden Zerstörung wurde nicht nur die bewohnte Neustadt, sondern auch die historische Zitadellenanlage aus Lehm. Sie ist eines der größten Komplexe, die komplett aus Lehmwerkstoffen errichtet worden sind. Die sofort im Anschluss ergriffenen Restaurierungs‐ und Rekonstruktionsbemühungen sind auf Grund des extremen Ausmaßes der Zerstörungen stark durch den Wunsch geprägt sowohl die geretteten Reste, als auch rekonstruierte Bauteile gegen seismische Einwirkungen zu ertüchtigen. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch die Arbeiten des Lehrstuhls für Tragwerksplanung der TU Dresden (Inhaber Prof. W. Jäger) in Bam zu betrachten. Um dieser Aufgabenstellung in einer Weltkulturerbestätte gerecht zu werden, mussten neue Technologien entwickelt und in die Praxis umgesetzt werden. Diesen neuen Technologien widmet sich dieser Beitrag.

New approaches for seismic retrofitting of world heritage: The Citadel of Bam, Iran.

In December 2003 a heavy earthquake destroyed the city of Bam in southeast Iran. The destructions affected not only the new town of Bam but also the historical Citadel constructed entirely with earthen materials.

The rehabilitation measures commenced immediately and are characterized by the desire of defining methods that strengthen the preserved rests against future seismic activity. The projects of the Dresden University of Technology, department of structural design (Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. W. Jaeger) presented here, are to be seen as a part of these efforts. In order to meet the demands of heritage conservation within a world heritage site (listed in 2004), new methods and technologies had to be developed and applied. The presented article intends to give a figure of these works.
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek 4. Erweiterungsbau in Leipzig – Besonderheiten bei der Unterfangung und der Bestandssicherung
Authors: Lochas Georg , Forner Andreas , Mathes Donald , Stengler Matthias , Beuche Nico
Published: November 2009

Derzeit entsteht der 4. Erweiterungsbau der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Leipzig. Der neue Baukörper grenzt bereichsweise an die Bestandsgebäude und wurde 6 bis 8 m unterhalb der bestehenden Fundamente gegründet. Der setzungsempfindliche Baugrund infolge eines 4 m mächtigen Kohleflözes musste in der Planung besonders berücksichtigt werden.

Um die Bestandsgebäude gegen Setzungen, Rissbildungen und Schiefstellungen zu schützen, wurden außergewöhnliche Sicherungsmaßnahmen realisiert:

–·Zusammenspannen der Gebäude mittels Anordnung von Zugstäben

–·Auskreuzung gefährdeter Bereiche durch Holz‐Fachwerkverbände

–·Anwendung einer besonderen Technologie der HDI‐Unterfangung.

Mit diesen Maßnahmen konnten ungleichmäßige Setzungen und Rissbildungen weitestgehend vermieden werden.

The German National Library in Leipzig – 4th extension – Special features of the underpinning and safety measures of inventory.

At present the 4th extension of the German National Library in Leipzig is under construction. The new building is near the existing buildings and was founded in 6 to 8 m below the existing foundations. The ground is liable to subsidence due to a 4 m thick coal seam. This had to be specially considered in the planning.

To protect the existing buildings against settlements, cracking and misalignment extraordinary safety measures were implemented:

–·tensioning arrangement of buildings by means of tension bars

–·strengthening of vulnerable areas by timber trussed bond

–·using a special technology of grouted underpinning

With these measures, non‐uniform settlements and cracks could be largely avoided.
Anwendung der Zonenmethode für brandbeanspruchte Stahlbetonstützen
Authors: Cyllok Michael , Achenbach Marcus
Published: November 2009

Die Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen mit der Zonenmethode (Vereinfachtes Verfahren) ist nach Eurocode grundsätzlich möglich und in verschiedenen europäischen Normen bereits eingeführt. In Deutschland wird das Verfahren für die Stützenbemessung in Zukunft jedoch voraussichtlich abgelehnt, da sich die Ergebnisse teilweise nicht mit denen der anerkannten Allgemeinen Verfahren decken.

Ein Grund für die Diskrepanz der Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Methoden liegt nach Einschätzung der Autoren in der teilweise nur unzureichenden Dokumentation bzw. Regelung der Zonenmethode. Dass z. B. die Zonenmethode als Verfahren der Plastizitätstheorie angelegt ist, jedoch als nichtlineares Verfahren verwendet wird, führte bereits zu wesentlichen Fehlinterpretationen bzw. Missverständnissen.

Dieser Aufsatz zeigt daher eine kurze Darstellung der ursprünglichen Annahmen sowie eine Herleitung der Zonenmethode nach Hertz.

Im Hauptteil des Aufsatzes wird anhand von dokumentierten Eichbeispielen gezeigt, wie die Zonenmethode für Druckglieder in der Praxis anzuwenden ist, damit die Traglast und das Last‐Verformungsverhalten bezogen auf die Allgemeinen Verfahren ausreichend genau bestimmt werden können.

Use of a Simplified Method (Zone Method) for Concrete Columns Exposed to Fire

Eurocode 2 provides a fire resistance check for concrete columns called zone method (simplified calculation method). Some European countries already allow this check. Germany will probably reject this method for concrete columns, as the results from the zone method partly differ from the accepted advanced method. In the authors' opinion, one reason for the differences might be lack of documentation or lack of detailed rules for the zone method. Using the zone method as a nonlinear method – even though it is based on the assumptions of plastic theory – already lead to decisive misinterpretations or misunderstandings. Hence, this article shows briefly the original assumptions and derivation of basic formulas for the zone method according to Hertz.

The use of the zone method for compression members is demonstrated with documented calibrating examples. It is displayed, how to calculate the ultimate load and the load‐bearingbehaviour with adequate accuracy.
Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Bestandstragwerken hinsichtlich einer Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Braml Thomas , Keuser Manfred , Fischer Alexander , Schnell Jürgen
Published: November 2009

Probabilistische Berechnungsverfahren gewinnen im Bauingenieurwesen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Probabilistik wird sowohl zur Kalibrierung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten des semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzepts der aktuellen Normengeneration als auch im Rahmen von Tragfähigkeitsbewertungen bestehender Bauten eingesetzt. Für biegebeanspruchte Stahlbetonbauteile kann die Grenzzustandsfunktion für Tragwerksversagen aufgrund eines klaren mechanischen Tragmodells eindeutig angegeben werden. Im Gegensatz hierzu gibt es bei der Formulierung des mechanischen Modells des Querkraftabtrags bisher noch große Unsicherheiten. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Zuverlässigkeit von querkraftbeanspruchten Bauteilen im Hochbau und soll als Hilfestellung zur Wahl geeigneter statistischer Kenngrößen der Modellunsicherheiten für probabilistische Berechnungen verstanden werden. Die vorgeschlagenen Kenngrößen wurden aus umfangreichen Parameterstudien im Hinblick auf das Zielzuverlässigkeitsniveau gewählt.

Reliability Assessment of Existing Structures subjected to Shear Force

Probabilistic analyses are becoming more and more important in civil engineering. Probabilistics can be used for the calibration of partial safety factors of the semi probabilistic safety concept of current codes as well as in the context of sustainability evaluations of existing buildings. For reinforced concrete components subjected to bending, the limit state function for structural failure can be specified clearly because of a well‐defined mechanical model. By contrast, for the formulation of the mechanical model of shear carrying capacity there are still large uncertainties. The following article deals with the reliability of components in building structures subjected to shear force and should be understood as a support selecting appropriate statistical parameters of model uncertainties for probabilistic calculations. The proposed statistic parameters of model uncertainties were selected out of extensive parameter studies in view of the target reliability level.
Thinking in continua: beyond the “adaptive radiation” metaphor
Authors: Olson Mark E. , Arroyo‐Santos Alfonso
Published: November 2009

“Adaptive radiation” is an evocative metaphor for explosive evolutionary divergence, which for over 100 years has given a powerful heuristic to countless scientists working on all types of organisms at all phylogenetic levels. However, success has come at the price of making “adaptive radiation” so vague that it can no longer reflect the detailed results yielded by powerful new phylogeny‐based techniques that quantify continuous adaptive radiation variables such as speciation rate, phylogenetic tree shape, and morphological diversity. Attempts to shoehorn the results of these techniques into categorical “adaptive radiation: yes/no” schemes lead to reification, in which arbitrary quantitative thresholds are regarded as real. Our account of the life cycle of metaphors in science suggests that it is time to exchange the spent metaphor for new concepts that better represent the full range of diversity, disparity, and speciation rate across all of life.
Thalidomide‐induced limb defects: resolving a 50‐year‐old puzzle
Authors: Vargesson Neil
Published: November 2009

Despite the recent discovery that thalidomide causes limb defects by targeting highly angiogenic, immature blood vessels, several challenges still remain and new ones have arisen. These include understanding the drug's species specificity, determining molecular target(s) in the endothelial cell, shedding light on the molecular basis of phocomelia and producing a form of the drug that is clinically effective without having side effects. Now that the trigger of thalidomide‐induced teratogenesis has been uncovered, a framework is proposed, incorporating and uniting previous models of thalidomide action, explaining how thalidomide causes not just limb defects, but also all the other defects it induces.
RNAi in X inactivation: contrasting findings on the role of interference
Authors: Kota Satya K.
Published: November 2009

X inactivation is the process that brings about the dosage equivalence of X‐linked genes in females to that of males. This complex process initiated at a very early stage of female embryonic development is orchestrated by long non‐coding RNAs transcribed in both sense and antisense orientation. Recent studies present contradicting evidence for the role of small RNAs and RNase III enzyme Dicer in the X inactivation process. In this review, I discuss these results in the overall perspective of X inactivation and gene silencing.
How to Distinguish Isodesmic from Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerisation
Authors: Smulders Maarten M. J. , Nieuwenhuizen Marko M. L. , de Greef Tom F. A. , van der Schoot Paul , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Meijer E. W.
Published: November 2009

To study the supramolecular polymerisation mechanisms of a self‐assembling system, concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent measurements can both be used to probe the transition from the molecular dissolved state to the aggregated state. In this report, both methods are evaluated to determine their effectiveness in identifying and quantifying the self‐assembly mechanism for isodesmic and cooperative self‐assembling systems. It was found that for a rapid and unambiguous determination of the self‐assembly mechanism and its thermodynamic parameters, temperature‐dependent measurements are more appropriate. These studies allow the acquisition of a large data set leading to an accurate determination of the self‐assembly mechanism and quantification of the different thermodynamic parameters that describe the supramolecular polymerisation. For a comprehensive characterisation, additional concentration‐dependent measurements can be performed.
ChemInform Abstract: The SiF32+ Dication: Chemistry Counts!
Authors: Roithova Jana , Schwarz Helmut , Schroeder Detlef
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Superstructures of Mo2P4O15.
Authors: Lister Sarah E. , Radosavljevic Evans Ivana , Evans John S. O.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical and Chemical Reduction of Disulfur Dinitride: Formation of [S4N4]‐·, EPR Spectroscopic Characterization of the [S2N2H]· Radical, and X‐Ray Structure of [Na(15‐crown‐5)][S3N3].
Authors: Roemmele Tracey L. , Konu Jari , Boere Rene T. , Chivers Tristram
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft Ferromagnet GdFe7.7Si1.3 with a CaCu5‐to‐Th2(Ni/Zn)17 Transitional Structure.
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Cheung Yan Yin Janice , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Addition of Primary Amides to Alkynes: A Stereoselective Synthesis of Secondary Enamides.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Blanchot Mathieu , Salih Kifah S. M. , Goossen Kaethe
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Silylcyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones by a Titanium Catalyst Prepared from a Partially Hydrolyzed Titanium Alkoxide and a Schiff Base Ligand.
Authors: Yoshinaga Kazuhiko , Nagata Takushi
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring Expansion of Allenylcyclopropanols.
Authors: Kleinbeck Florian , Toste F. Dean
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirocycles via Acetylene Cations.
Authors: Jin Tienan , Himuro Masafumi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Reductive Aminations with Catalytic Molybdenum Dioxide Dichloride and Phenylsilane.
Authors: Smith Clive A. , Cross Laura E. , Hughes Kimberley , Davis Rebecca E. , Judd Duncan B. , Merritt Andrew T.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Phenols and Halophenols from Arylboronic Acids Using Solid Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)/Hydrogen Peroxide and Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)/Hydrogen Peroxide Complexes.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Chacko Sujith , Panja Chiradeep , Thomas Tisa Elizabeth , Gurung Laxman , Rasul Golam , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR of Methoxyiminoacetate and Methoxyiminoacetamide Derivatives as Strobilurin Analogues.
Authors: Hwang In‐Cheon , Kim Joo‐Kyung , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Kyung Suk‐Hun
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active, Well‐Defined (Cyclopentadiene)(N‐heterocyclic carbene)palladium Chloride Complexes for Room‐Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura and Buchwald—Hartwig Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides and Deboronation Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Jin Zhong , Guo Su‐Xian , Gu Xiao‐Peng , Qiu Ling‐Ling , Song Hai‐Bing , Fang Jian‐Xin
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Catalyzed by PEPPSI‐iPr.
Authors: Nun Pierrick , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Mannich Reaction of Aromatic Ketones, Aldehydes and Amines Catalyzed by Reusable Aluminum Methanesulfonate.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhi‐Guo , Jiang Heng
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 1‐Cyano‐4,5‐dimethoxybenzocyclobutene.
Authors: Zhao Sheng Yin , Liang Hong Yu , Shao Zhi Yu , Chen Rui
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Lactams via the IndaBox—Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Kinugasa Reaction.
Authors: Saito Takao , Kikuchi Tomohiro , Tanabe Hiroaki , Yahiro Junichi , Otani Takashi
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and Mode of Action of Novel Oxiranyl and Thiiranyl Phenol Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Zunhua , Kang Jin‐Ah , Kim Won Hee , Park Ah‐Young , Kim Hyung Sik , Kim Jungsu , Kim Jin‐Ah , Gong Ping , Jeong Lak Shin , Moon Hyung Ryong
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Substituted Alkynols with Alkoxycarbene Complexes of Chromium: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Authors: Sen Subhabrata , Borate Kailaskumar , Kulkarni Parag , Pai Nandini R.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzothiophenes by Twofold Heck and Subsequent 6π‐Electrocyclization Reactions of 2,3‐Dibromothiophene.
Authors: Toguem Serge‐Mitherand Tengho , Hussain Munawar , Malik Imran , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 5‐Nitro‐2‐amino[b]thiophenes and 1‐(2‐Amino‐5‐nitrophenyl)ethanones via Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Rais Afsha , Ankati Haribabu , Biehl Ed
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted, Green Procedure for the Synthesis of N‐Aryl Sulfonyl and N‐Aryl Pyrroles.
Authors: Wilson Matthew A. , Filzen Gary , Welmaker Gregory S.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to 3‐Hydroxyprolinol Derivatives by Samarium Diiodide‐Mediated Reductive Coupling of Chiral Nitrone with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Wu Shao‐Feng , Zheng Xiao , Ruan Yuan‐Ping , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Carbazoles via One‐Pot N‐Arylation and Oxidative Biaryl Coupling: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study.
Authors: Watanabe Toshiaki , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nitroimidazodihydrooxazole with Alcohols and Phenols in the Presence of Potassium Carbonate.
Authors: Zwawiak J. , Gzella A. , Zaprutko L.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the First Thiazolidine‐Condensed Five‐, Six‐, and Seven‐Membered Heterocycles via Cyclization of Vinylogous N‐Acyliminium Ions.
Authors: Stojanovic Milovan , Markovic Rade
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐δ‐lactams and Benzo[a]quinolizidines by Catalytic Cyclization Reactions Involving Azlactones.
Authors: Jiang Jun , Qing Jian , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Quinolones by Sequential Heck Reduction—Cyclization (HRC) Reactions by Using a Multitask Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Felpin Francois‐Xavier , Coste Jerome , Zakri Cecile , Fouquet Eric
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive Intramolecular Hydroamination/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation under Relay Catalysis of an Achiral Gold Complex/Chiral Broensted Acid Binary System.
Authors: Han Zhi‐Yong , Xiao Han , Chen Xiao‐Hua , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hafnium(IV) Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amide‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines in Fluorous Media.
Authors: Shen Ming‐Gui , Cai Chun , Yi Wen‐Bin
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.