bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole vs Minocycline for the Treatment of Nonurinary Monomicrobial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Hevia Emma C. , Wooten Leslie , Carr Amy L.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic, gram-negative bacillus with few therapeutic options due to a high level of intrinsic resistance. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is recommended as the first-line treatment; however, minocycline (MIN) has been shown to have similar clinical outcomes in treating S. maltophilia and addresses concern for increasing resistance to SXT.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of nonurinary, monomicrobial infections due to S. maltophilia in hospitalized patients treated with MIN or SXT.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of hospitalized adult patients receiving MIN or SXT for nonurinary monomicrobial S. maltophilia infection from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020. The primary outcome was clinical disposition classified as rates of clinical failure, clinical improvement, or clinical success.

Results:

Eighty-two patients (88.2%) received MIN and 11 patients (11.8%) received SXT initially. Clinical failure occurred in 16 (19.5%) patients in the MIN group and in 4 (36.4%) patients in the SXT group ( P = 0.242). Clinical improvement occurred in 11 (13.4%) patients in the MIN group and in 1 (9.1%) patient in the SXT group ( P = 1.0). Clinical success occurred in 55 (67.1%) patients in the MIN group and in 6 (54.5%) patients in the SXT group ( P = 0.503). Total duration of antimicrobial therapy ( P = 0.3198), in-hospital mortality ( P = 1.0), hospital length of stay ( P = 0.9668), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay ( P = 0.1384), and 30-day readmission ( P = 0.686) were similar between groups.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Rates of clinical failure, clinical improvement, or clinical success were similar between MIN and SXT for nonurinary monomicrobial S. maltophilia infections.
Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam Seizure Prophylaxis in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Harlan Sarah Schuman , Philpott Carolyn D. , Keegan Shaun P. , Droege Molly E. , Karve Aniruddha S. , Foreman Brandon , Wakefield Devin , Mueller Eric W , Sangha Kiranpal , Ngwenya Laura B. , Courter Joshua D. , Desai Pankaj , Droege Christopher
Published: September 2023

Background:

Drug pharmacokinetics (PK) are altered in neurocritically ill patients, and optimal levetiracetam dosing for seizure prophylaxis is unknown.

Objective:

This study evaluates levetiracetam PK in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) receiving intravenous levetiracetam 1000 mg every 8 (LEV8) to 12 (LEV12) hours for seizure prophylaxis.

Methods:

This prospective, open-label study was conducted at a level 1 trauma, academic, quaternary care center. Patients with sTBI receiving seizure prophylaxis with LEV8 or LEV12 were eligible for enrollment. Five sequential, steady-state, postdose serum levetiracetam concentrations were obtained. Non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and compartmental approaches were employed for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and projecting steady-state trough concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between LEV8 and LEV12 patients. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed to determine probability of target trough attainment (PTA) of 6 to 20 mg/L. A secondary analysis evaluated PTA for weight-tiered levetiracetam dosing.

Results:

Ten male patients (5 LEV8; 5 LEV12) were included. The NCA-based systemic clearance and elimination half-life were 5.3 ± 1.2 L/h and 4.8 ± 0.64 hours. A one-compartment model provided a higher steady-state trough concentration for the LEV8 group compared with the LEV12 group (13.7 ± 4.3 mg/L vs 6.3 ± 1.7 mg/L; P = 0.008). Monte Carlo simulations predicted regimens of 500 mg every 6 hours, 1000 mg every 8 hours, and 2000 mg every 12 hours achieved therapeutic target attainment. Weight-tiered dosing regimens achieved therapeutic target attainment using a 75 kg breakpoint.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Neurocritically ill patients exhibit rapid levetiracetam clearance resulting in a short elimination half-life. Findings of this study suggest regimens of levetiracetam 500 mg every 6 hours, 1000 mg every 8 hours, or 2000 mg every 12 hours may be required for optimal therapeutic target attainment. Patient weight of 75 kg may serve as a breakpoint for weight-guided dosing to optimize levetiracetam therapeutic target attainment for seizure prophylaxis.
Authoritarian Opposition? Authoritarian Disposition and Resistance to Public Health Mitigation Strategies During COVID-19
Authors: Ramirez Mark D. , Wood Reed M.
Published: September 2023

Government restrictions intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19—such as “lockdowns,” mask mandates, and vaccine passports—produced intense resentment among some groups and led to resistance, defiance, and social unrest in many countries. To better understand the roots of this opposition, we examine the role of dispositional authoritarianism as a psychological motivator of participation in anti-restriction protests and support for the groups that engaged in such actions. Because obedience to authority is commonly identified as a core feature of authoritarianism, existing studies have suggested authoritarians should be more likely to endorse pandemic restrictions and oppose anti-government dissent. However, we propose the alternative hypothesis: individuals with authoritarian dispositions are more likely to oppose pandemic restrictions and more likely to express support for pandemic dissidents (e.g., anti-vax and anti-lockdown groups). Data from three surveys deployed in the United States and United Kingdom support our hypotheses, demonstrating a counterintuitive relationship between dispositional authoritarianism and opposition to public health authorities during the pandemic. We further find that dispositional authoritarianism produces an intriguing misalignment between ideology and support for pandemic restrictions among those on the left, leading liberals who score high in authoritarianism to mirror the attitudes and behaviors of their conservative counterparts.
Raising Climate Change Awareness Across Twitter
Authors: Omar Bali Ahmed
Published: September 2023

This study has focused on the effective media, organizations, celebrities, politicians, and ordinary people that are interested in climate change across Twitter. A quantitative content analysis based on the cross-sectional analysis method was performed to assess (1,277,833) tweets from 21st Nov to 10th Dec 2016, which was close to the implementation of Paris Agreement on 4th Nov 2016. The study concluded that positive sentiments and attitudes were dominant compared to negatives, particularly toward media and scientific frames. However, neutral frames formed the biggest frame. This study recommends the unification of the efforts and the declaration of clear views and practical actions by all bodies such as scientists, celebrities, politicians, ordinary people, media, organizations including scientific institutions and centers to construct common knowledge, and evidence through variety ways so as to achieve the highest rate of raising awareness among people worldwide.
Broad Shoulders
Authors: Denison Jim
Published: September 2023

This brief narrative represents a tribute to Norman Denzin’s leadership.
Hexamidine and Hexamidine Diisethionate
Authors: Cherian Priya , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2007, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that Hexamidine and Hexamidine Diisethionate are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report if used at concentrations less than or equal to .10%.
Roles and Responsibilities of School-Based Behavior Analysts: A Survey
Authors: Layden Selena J. , Lorio-Barsten Daria K. , Gansle Kristin A. , Austin Kira , Rizvi Samreen
Published: September 2023

Behavior analysts have been working in and with public schools for decades. However, there is a paucity of research related to their work; specifically, their roles and responsibilities and needed support. We conducted a 37-item online survey of 98 nationally certified behavior analysts who work in public schools in a Southeastern state in the United States to gather information about what these professionals do and whether they feel supported to complete their work effectively. The roles and responsibilities of school-based behavior analysts vary but frequently include facilitating professional development opportunities, including coaching, administration and supervision tasks, and supporting programming for both special and general education students with less emphasis on direct services to students. When asked about the types of students with whom they work, behavior analysts shared they work with a variety, including those with and without disabilities. Behavior analysts shared mixed results related to their feelings of support from school districts and their supervisors. We discuss implications for practitioners and future research.
Radiological Analysis of Cassava Samples From a Coal Mining Area in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Amakom Chijioke M , Orji Chikwendu E , Okeoma Kelechukwu B , Echendu Obi K
Published: September 2023

Cassava holds a vital position as a staple food in Nigeria, forming a significant portion of the daily diet for the population. Unfortunately, food intake can serve as a pathway for radiological contamination in humans and animals. In this study conducted in an old coal mining area in Enugu State, Nigeria, cassava samples from the area were analyzed using gamma ray spectroscopy. The results revealed significant mean activity concentrations of the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in camp 1, camp 2, and Pottery areas. The activity concentration ranged from 193.68 to 300.92 Bq/kg for 40 K, 23.03 to 37.24 Bq/kg for 226Ra, and 135.33 to 158.43 Bq/kg for 232Th, respectively. Of concern is the total mean annual effective dose resulting from exposure to these 3 observed radionuclides that was calculated to be 2.03 mSv/yr. This value exceeds the recommended limit of 1 mSv/yr, indicating potential health risks associated with the radiological contamination from cassava consumption in this region. In summary, the study shows that cassava samples from the investigated area exhibited elevated levels of radiotoxicity, raising concerns about the safety of consuming cassava from this region as a food source.
(De)humanization in the business school: Critical reflection on doctoral experiences
Authors: Cooper Susan , Majumdar Dipsikha Guha
Published: September 2023

Recently in academia, and particularly in management and organization studies, there is more attention being paid to unpacking our own oppressive systems and practices. In this article, we join the conversation examining the pressures of academia by exploring how reflexivity can be elicited through engaging with theory. We draw on the theories and concepts of Paulo Freire to (re-)interpret how PhD students experience the material practices and symbolic systems of the business school. We use autoethnographic vignettes to engage with our personal experiences and stories as field-based researchers and PhD scholars in UK business schools. Through critical reflection and cooperation-based dialogue, we analyzed these experiences using Freire’s concepts of banking education and (de)humanization. This can be considered conscientização (conscientization), raising critical consciousness of our own experiences. We find that doctoral students suffer from processes of dehumanization in the business school, but they also reinforce these processes through social reproduction. We reflect on the need for solidarity and how an awareness of the role we play within the system can shift our thinking toward constructive social change.
The experiences of non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists residing and practicing in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Alexander Mihili Udari , Tudor Keith
Published: September 2023

The bicultural nation that is Aotearoa New Zealand is now a multi-ethnic society, home to many non-indigenous ethnic minority communities. This study explored the perceptions and experiences of four self-identifying non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists living in this country. Specifically, it answers the question: “What are the predominant themes that can be identified in the accounts of non-Māori ethnic minority psychotherapists, residing and practicing within the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand?” Semi-structured interviews with participants explored their lived everyday experiences in both personal and professional spheres. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and yielded three themes: (1) “Acculturation to mainstream” captures the personal challenges participants encountered as immigrants in relocating and adapting to mainstream Aotearoa New Zealand culture; (2) “Encountering Indigenous culture” describes participants’ experiences of coming into contact with indigenous Māori culture, and ensuing perceptions and understandings; (3) “Relating to biculturalism” describes how the participants understand and make meaning of biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand. Understanding these participants’ experiences can help non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists become better informed and politically aware, and may empower them to negotiate a more meaningful position in a bicultural nation.
Competition, scandal, or ideology? A congruence analysis of Australian political finance reforms (1980–2020)
Authors: Horncastle William CR
Published: September 2023

Although studies of political finance reform have become commonplace, many questions remain unanswered in this area. Studies of links between scandals and political finance reform have provided conflicting findings, while little is known about why incumbents force through self-serving reforms in some instances, but cooperate with rivals in others. The ‘General Theory of Campaign Finance Reform’ reconciles inconsistencies by situating reform processes within the context of party competition. Observing that this framework has not yet been empirically tested, this study undertakes a Congruence Analysis to apply the model to a 40-year period of Australian political finance reform. Hansard is used to document inter-party interactions, in conjunction with quantitative indicators of party competition, organization, and ideology, which outline the changing contexts of reform. Findings indicate that party competition, scandals, and changes in incumbency are influential drivers of reform, while ideological factors play an inconsistent role. Providing insights into causal processes of reform, this article bridges the gap between theoretical and empirical literature on political finance.
Exploring the impact of hotel attributes and services on price and revenue: A hedonic pricing model approach with a focus on internal and external segmentation and repeat customers
Authors: Vives Aldric , Ostrovskaya Liudmila
Published: September 2023

Hedonic pricing (HP) models are widely used to capture the price heterogeneity of hotel attributes and complementary services. This study uses a broad-ranging database with information about 11 hotels, located in the same Majorcan (Spain) coastal town, to identify the main attributes, complementary services and guest characteristics that affect hotel pricing, hotel revenue (RevPAR) and repeat stays. The results found that, aside from the main sources of price variability, such as accommodation type, location and season, other hotel attributes/services were found to influence these dependent variables: refurbishments, room type, occupancy level, number of stars, clients’ online ratings and the specific hotel. Attributes/services did not have a homogeneous effect on the three types of models estimated, as some attributes increased prices without increasing RevPAR or number of repeat stays.
Social participation, positive affect, and negative affect in postoperative patients with hip fractures: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Yi-Wen , Chien Ching-Hui , Chiang Yi-Hung , Liu Chieh-Yu , Huang Xuan-Yi
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the social participation, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) of patients with hip fractures after surgery and determined their possible predictive factors. We used a cross-sectional study design to recruit 154 participants with hip fractures post-surgery. Assessment tools included the Barthel Index, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, the Assessment of Life Habits, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Patients with better functioning in daily living activities experienced more social participation, higher PA, and lower NA. Patients with more positive automatic thoughts experienced more social participation and higher PA. Patients with more negative automatic thoughts experienced more social participation, lower PA, and higher NA. Early rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions should be provided for postoperative hip fracture patients to improve their activities of daily living and emotional well-being.
#HealthyLifestyle: A Q methodology analysis of why young adults like to use social media to access health information
Authors: Triptow Christina , Freeman Jason , Lee Paige , Robinson Thomas
Published: September 2023

Social media has become an integral part of modern society. Many people now turn to social media platforms to share or gain knowledge about best practices for personal health. This new form of health information dissemination has greatly increased in popularity especially among young adults. Currently, more research is needed to identify why so many individuals choose to turn to social media for health information. Using Q methodology, this study aimed to uncover the attitudes, opinions, and beliefs of young adults who engage with social media as a means of obtaining health and fitness information. Results revealed four primary factors: the Health Connoisseurs, the Health Enthusiasts, the Loyalists, and the Virtual Befrienders. Each group possessed different motivations for accessing health-related content on social media. The insights gained from this study can benefit public health institutions, advertisers, and social media content creators as they disseminate health information on social media platforms.
More than migrants? Representations of wo/men of colour in Dutch language textbooks
Authors: Koster Dietha , Nuriah Zahroh , Pot Anna , Sas Christine , Zegers Twan
Published: September 2023

Textbooks constitute important learning tools in foreign language education and should depict ethnic and gender diversity. This article responds to calls for intersectional textbook research and addresses the following question: How diverse are representations of wo/men of colour in comparison with white wo/men in sparsely researched Dutch language textbooks? We performed content analysis of six frequently used textbooks for learning Dutch, examining pictures, texts and (audio-recorded) dialogues. Results show an underrepresentation of People of Colour (PoC) in comparison with demographic statistics. In contrast with white wo/men, PoC are featured in a limited range of low-status roles (e.g. migrant), except for in one textbook. Countries and cities are Eurocentric and Netherlands-centric, there is little variety in terms of accented speech in dialogues, and non-native speakers utter sentences that frame them as dependent. These findings build on the body of (Anglocentric) textbook research from a cultural studies’ perspective, help determine the degree to which educational materials meet diversity demands in language education policies, and what alternative ‘realities’ could arise.
Relations between teacher–student relationship quality, emotional engagement, and writing performance
Authors: Huang Jing
Published: September 2023

Based on the self-determination theory, the current study took a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to explore the relations between teacher–student relationship quality (TSRQ), students’ emotional engagement in English as a foreign language (EFL) lessons and writing performance. Furthermore, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) differences were examined in relation to the three constructs. The sample comprised of 952 students from 67 French secondary schools. The results indicated that TSRQ was positively related to students’ emotional engagement at both the student and school levels, although the link between TSRQ and students’ writing performance was non-significant at both levels. The positive association between emotional engagement in EFL lessons and writing performance was significant at the student level but non-significant at the school level. In addition, female students were more likely to perform better in writing than their male counterparts. The positive associations between SES and writing performance were significant at both the student and school levels.
‘I live in extremes’: A qualitative investigation of Autistic adults’ experiences of inertial rest and motion
Authors: Rapaport Hannah , Clapham Hayley , Adams Jon , Lawson Wenn , Porayska-Pomsta Kaśka , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

‘Autistic inertia’ is part of the Autistic community’s everyday lexicon, yet the condition has received scant attention in the academic literature. The little attention it has received has focused on the disabling impact of ‘inertial rest’ (difficulty initiating tasks), with minimal exploration of the potential benefits of inertial motion (difficulty stopping tasks). Here, we sought to investigate Autistic people’s phenomenological experiences of inertial rest and motion and to identify factors that might moderate Autistic inertia. Autistic and non-Autistic researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 Autistic adults. We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis, adopting an inductive approach within an essentialist framework. Interviewees spoke in-depth of their inertial ‘difficulties moving from one state to another’ and described how these challenges pervade ‘every single day’. While inertia was described as ‘the single most disabling part of being Autistic’, interviewees also described ways to respond to inertia, including taking pleasure in states of flow, whereby they could become completely absorbed in a task. While inertial difficulties are pervasive, our findings reveal the extreme nature of these task-switching difficulties for Autistic people. Our findings also contribute to a more holistic characterisation of inertia as both a disabling and enabling condition.

Lay Abstract

‘Autistic inertia’ is a term used by Autistic people to refer to difficulties with starting and stopping tasks. However, there has not been much research on Autistic inertia. The research that is available on Autistic inertia has mostly focused on the negative aspects of inertia, rather than on the possible benefits of needing to continue tasks. In this research, we wanted to understand more about Autistic people’s experiences of inertia and to work out what things might influence these experiences. Autistic and non-Autistic researchers spoke in-depth to 24 Autistic adults. We identified four key ideas from people’s responses. Autistic people spoke about their inertial ‘difficulties moving from one state to another’ and described how these challenges affected them ‘every single day’. While they experienced inertia as ‘the single most disabling part of being Autistic’, people also described the positive aspects of inertia, including the joy they felt when completely immersed in a task. Our Autistic participants emphasised that inertial difficulties are experienced by everyone, the intensity of these task-switching difficulties might be especially challenging for Autistic people. Our findings also reveal how Autistic inertia can be seen both as a disabling and as an enabling condition.
Unraveling WhatsApp group dynamics to understand the threat of misinformation in messaging apps
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Antonis , Rossini Patrícia
Published: September 2023

In this article, we present an analysis of distinctive WhatsApp uses with a focus on group dynamics, and how they are correlated with exposure to, belief in, accidental, and purposeful sharing of misinformation as well as misinformation corrections. Based on two nationally representative surveys in Brazil, and after controlling for a range of factors, we find that (a) being part of WhatsApp groups with no ties is significantly correlated with higher exposure to, belief in, and engagement with online misinformation, including sharing misinformation and being corrected for misinformation, as well as correcting others for misinformation on WhatsApp; (b) frequency of posting on WhatsApp is also significantly correlated with all our dependent variables, suggesting the role of hyperactive minorities in the spread of misinformation; and (c) discussing current affairs in strong tie groups and having frequent one-to-one discussions are significantly correlated with only a limited number of misinformation-related attitudes and beliefs.
Shallow Water Equations on modeling resonant waves evolution in a rough varying-width basin
Authors: Magdalena Ikha , Karima Nadhira , Rif’atin Hany Q , Farid Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Wave resonance is known to be extremely damaging to the coastal areas surrounding it, particularly if the wave has tsunami-like features, as it can amplify the height and energy of the wave propagating to the shorelines. The installation of a rough material on the bottom is one of the solutions to protect the coast from resonance. In this study, we examine the resonant wave evolution and its frequency in a triangular or rectangular semi-closed basin using a varying-width Shallow Water Model. The basins are assumed to feature a rough bottom topography as well as an uneven width. The resonant frequencies are obtained analytically and numerically using separation of variables and the finite volume method on a staggered grid, respectively. The computational approach is also used to assess the evolution and properties of resonant waves. The numerical scheme is validated by comparing simulation results to analytical solutions, which show relatively good agreement. Further, it is discovered that a greater friction coefficient induces a higher resonant frequency in both types of basins but results in a lower maximum resonant wave amplitude. It is also found that the resonant frequencies of both types of varying-width basins are greater than those of the prior study’s constant-width basins. However, the effect of the variations in the maximum width of the basin on its resonant frequency is found to be insignificant. Moreover, sensitivity analyses of the basin’s length and maximum basin depth are presented, with the maximum water depth being directly proportional to the maximum wave amplitudes and resonant frequencies of both basins. In contrast, the resonant frequency decreases and the maximum wave amplitude fluctuates as the length of the basin grows.
The necessity of time-based calculations for dimensioning of hybrid power supply systems of ships within the early design stage
Authors: Emmersberger Christian , Carstensen Björn , Krüger Stefan , Lübcke Adele
Published: September 2023

While hybrid ship drive systems may offer a large potential, a thorough analysis is needed as it is strongly dependent on the operational profile. The fixing of costs during the early design stage, leads to the necessity of a precise evaluation of the systems efficiency within this phase. Conducting statistic-based calculations can be inadequate due to the time-dependent behavior of the battery. Moreover, idealized temporal data is often utilized for the design of battery supported ships. Therefore, this paper discusses the consequential inaccuracies using statistical or smoothed data. But also examines the potential of an advanced in-house developed statistical approach. For the examination, an internal developed method for dimensioning hybrid ship power systems is used. The paper shows that conducting statistical calculations lead to incorrect modeling of battery behavior, while smoothed power time-series can result in an overestimation of the battery lifetime (up to 21% less charge cycles).
Investigation of the effects of volume change on flow structure and acoustic in a silencer
Authors: Yimam Ezedin Ayaliew , Demircan Tolga
Published: September 2023

This study numerically examined the propellant flow from gunfire using the kω-SST turbulence model and their sound attenuation using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkins equations (FW-H). For simulation, a pressure-based solver and 3D axisymmetric geometry were used. The second-order implicit time approach and the second-order upwind scheme spatial discretization were used in the simulation. The maximum exit pressure was 3.748 MPa for the suppressor with a length of 70 mm and diameter of 20 mm. However, when the diameter suppressor increased by 1/6, the maximum exit pressure was reduced to 3.4961 MPa. When the length increased by 1/6, the maximum pressure became 3.3636 MPa. Lastly, when the diameter and length were increased by 1/6, the maximum exit pressure became 3.177 MPa. For this suppressor, 20.835 dB (12.29%) sound pressure level attenuation was achieved with 16.823 MPa (84.115%) overpressure reduction and 484.86 K or 32.32% temperature reduction. Generally, the attenuation increased with the increase in the suppressor’s internal volume.
Utilization of engineered silicate dispersion as a cost-effective cheapener and engineered carbonate dispersion as novel reinforcing additives for nitrile latex glove application
Authors: Muhamad Sarih Norfatirah , Misman Muhammad Afiq , Maher Simon , Rashid Azura A
Published: September 2023

Utilization of silicate minerals fillers in latex offer dual function as a compatible filler and cheapener that economical way to reduce latex consumption. This research explores the effect of using Engineered Silicate Composite Dispersion (ESD 086) as fillers for nitrile latex-supported gloves, seeking to explore their properties while ensuring cost-effectiveness. The reinforcement effect of novel Engineered Carbonate Dispersion (ECD 011) for ESD 086 filled Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR/ESD 086) latex films has also been explored. XNBR latex films were compounded with three variants of ESD 086 at different loadings (in phr). From three variants of ESD 086 fillers, variant ESD 086A at 10 phr shows the highest tensile strength. As the ESD 086A filler loading increased up to 15 phr, the tensile strength decreased, indicating the ineffectiveness to be used at higher loading. The work was continued by exploring the use of novel ECD 011 to minimize the decrement effect. The 15 phr ESD 086 filled XNBR latex films (XNBR/ESD 086A-15) were subjected to a hybrid loading from 0 to 1.2 phr with 0.2 phr staggered increment together with the reduction of ECD 011:ZnO ratio in the XNBR latex compounds. Results show that at 0.6:0.6 phr of ECD 011:ZnO, the tensile strength of XNBR/ESD 086A-15 latex films increased and the elongation at break also improved. Using ESD 086A can reduce the usage of XNBR latex. Still, it can only be used up to 10 phr (optimum loading) and ECD 011 can maintain the physical properties and offer maximum cost-saving options for XNBR latex glove formulation at higher loading of ESD fillers. Overall, both engineered dispersions offer potential commercial benefits for the Nitrile gloves industry.
A Scoping Review of Factors Associated With the Mental Health of Young People Who Have “Aged Out” of the Child Welfare System
Authors: Phillips Alice R. , Halligan Sarah L. , Lavi Iris , Macleod John A. A. , Robinson Susan , Wilkins David , Hiller Rachel M.
Published: September 2023

Young people who grow up in care and then exit care around the age of 18 (care-leavers) are a particularly vulnerable group, at increased risk for mental health problems even relative to other care-experienced groups. Yet, little is understood about the factors underpinning this association. We used scoping review methods to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative literature on factors that are associated with mental health problems for care-leavers. Following rigorous methods, we systematically searched three scientific databases spanning psychology and social care and identified 23 peer-reviewed studies for inclusion. This review highlights the heterogeneity of this research, in terms of methodology and topics investigated. Topics included are as follows: pre-care maltreatment, care-related experiences, psychological factors (emotion regulation), social support, education, and adult functioning (e.g., housing, finances, employment). We found mixed and inconsistent findings across research studies. The strongest evidence-base is around the influence of social support upon the mental health of recent care-leavers, though methodological problems are discussed. The field benefits from several large-scale observational and longitudinal research studies. However, there is an over-reliance upon retrospective reporting, and the use of unvalidated measures is common. It is apparent that there are significant gaps in our current understanding of the mental health of care-leavers, in particular around modifiable factors. We discuss potential directions for future empirical research, both in terms of methodology and factors investigated.
Parental Preconception Adversity and Offspring Mental Health in African Americans and Native Americans in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akinyemi Adebisi A. , Jones Adrianna , Sweeting Josiah A. , Holman E. Alison
Published: September 2023

This systematic review examines the impact of parental preconception adversity on offspring mental health among African Americans (AAs) and Native Americans (NAs), two populations that have experienced historical trauma and currently experience ethnic/racial mental health disparities in the United States. PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies that included at least two generations of AAs or NAs from the same family, measured parental preconception adversity and their offspring’s mental health, and examined the association between these variables. Over 3,200 articles were screened, and 18 articles representing 13 unique studies were included in this review. Among the studies with samples that included AAs ( n = 12, 92%), 10 (83%) reported a significant association between parental preconception adversity and adverse offspring mental health. The only study with a sample of NAs ( n = 1, 8%) also reported a significant association between these variables. Although the literature suggests that parental preconception adversity is associated with offspring mental health among AAs and NAs, it must be interpreted in the context of the small number of studies on this topic and the less-than-ideal samples utilized—just one study included a sample of NAs and several studies ( n = 6, 46%) used multi-ethnic/racial samples without testing for ethnic/racial disparities in their results. A more rigorous body of literature on this topic is needed as it may help explain an important factor underlying ethnic/racial mental health disparities, with important implications for interventions and policy.
Exploring Lived Experience of Family and Domestic Violence Against Women With Disability: A Scoping Review
Authors: Walter Brontё , Chung Donna , Waters Rebecca , Watts Lynelle
Published: September 2023

This article reports on a scoping review exploring understandings of family and domestic violence (FDV) against women with disability (WWD) within the literature and constitutes the second article in a two-part series, the first critiquing the categorization and measurement of FDV and disability. We report findings from qualitative studies included in the review, predominantly interpretivist and critical in orientation. The scoping review included 43 articles, 15 of which are included here, as they draw upon data directly from the perspectives of WWD. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, utilizing both inductive and deductive coding, and consultation between the authors. The analysis highlighted experiences of disability-based abuse, the nexus of ableism and sexism within the everyday, and meanings of justice and resilience for WWD. Disability-based abuse was perpetrated primarily by intimate partners, including financial and physical disability-based abuse, and was used to exploit and perpetuate situations of isolation. Sexist and ableist expectations, assumptions, and attitudes converged in everyday encounters within the community, with workers and systems. However, WWD reported strategies of resistance, healing, coping, and moving on in the aftermath of FDV and indicated what can be done to promote justice, both personally and within systems. The findings were discussed drawing on Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition to highlight the mechanisms by which recognition and respect can be enhanced to enable full access to citizenship, in particular, for WWD to live free from violence.
Investigation on comfort and water repellant properties of the Rtv-2 (Bi-component room temperature vulcanizing silicone) silicone coated woven fabric
Authors: Pektaş Koray , Balcı Onur , Ibis Ayrin
Published: September 2023

The main goal of the study is to be obtained water repellant properties of woven fabric coated by Bi-Component Room Temperature Vulcanizing Silicone (RTV-2 silicone) and investigate the physical and thermal properties of these fabrics. In addition, the interaction between calendaring, sanforizing processes, which were known as mechanical finishing treatments, and RTV-2 coating application was investigated in terms of fabric physical performance. According to these experimental results, the possibility of the RTV-2 type silicone as alternative to C6 and C8 based fluorocarbon can be discussed. In this experiment, the woven fabric was coated by RTV-2 silicone with two different coating thickness (0.6 mm and 0.8 mm). The effect of the RTV-2 silicone onto woven fabric were examined and enlightened by physical performance and water repellence tests such as contact angle degree and spray rating tests. The results from contact angle degree and spray rating test pointed out that RTV-2 silicone coated fabric had up to 153.27° contact angle degree and ISO 3 (80) spray rating value whereas untreated fabric had 85.81° contact angle degree and 0 spray rating value. Thermal comfort test (ALAMBETA) showed that, thermal capacity value of the fabric decreased from 0.064 mm2/s to 0.040 mm2/s after RTV-2 silicone coating. On the other hand, thermal absorptivity value of the fabric increased from 117.25 to 234.95 W.%s/m2.K which leaded to increase the cold feeling of the fabric after coating RTV-2 silicone regardless of coating thickness and mechanical finishing processes. Photos from the textile surfaces were taken via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). It was obviously seen surface morphology after coating and mechanical finishing processes. At the end of the study, it was determined that it is possible to say that RTV-2 silicone usage can positively affect water repellant properties of the fabric while thermal comfort and tactile comfort properties is negatively affected. Fabric performance test such as pilling, abrasion resistance and color fastness to washing did not showed any change after RTV-2 silicone coating and mechanical finishing processes. As for the mechanical finishing processes interaction between RTV-2 silicone, it was seen that the RTV-2 silicone was affected by finishing processes.
Mapping the Future of Intersectional Research in Human Resource Development: An Integrated Literature Review
Authors: Sim Eunbi , Jeong Shinhee
Published: September 2023

This study critically reviews intersectional research (IR) published in the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) journals and presents a framework for future work in IR. First, we identified 10 IR approaches from previous literature and classified them into four perspectives: conceptual, category-based, alternative philosophy-based, and alternative analysis-based perspectives. Utilizing the framework, we found that the majority of IR in HRD has (a) drawn on an intra-categorical approach, (b) focused on the intersection of gender and race, (c) centered on the United States context, and (d) depended on qualitative research methodology. We also examined the IR trends in HRD over time and observed that IR has recently incorporated more diverse approaches and identities and has explored some non-US contexts. To advance IR and better understand the complexity of intersectionality at work, future research needs to continue diversifying research approaches, methods, subjects, and contexts.
Contribution of Doppler Ultrasound of the Supra-Aortic Trunks in the Etiological Evaluation of Ischemic Strokes at the Douala General Hospital
Authors: Kamdem Félicité , Maka Kamdem Farol , Kenmegne Caroline , Fenkeu Kweban Jaff , Ngono Atéba Glwadys , Massi Gams Daniel , Mbahe Salomon , Mouliom Sidick Aboubakar , Ngoté Henri , Viché Lade , Ndom Ebongue Marie Solange , Djibrilla Siddikatou , Bika Léle Elysée Claude , Dzudié Anastase , Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

The advent of Doppler ultrasound has revolutionized the diagnosis of even subclinical atherosclerosis of the neck vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks in the etiological evaluation of ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Our cross-sectional and analytical study with retrospective and prospective data collection more than 8 years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, involved patients aged at least 21 years who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke. Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks allowed us to group carotid atherosclerotic plaques into 5 grades according to the Gray-Weal classification modified by Geroulakos. Similarly, we assessed the degree of carotid stenosis in these patients. Factors associated with atherosclerotic plaques and stenosis were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Associations with a P < 0.1 in univariate regression were included in the multivariate model. Differences were considered significant for P < .05.

Results:

We recruited 271 patients with a mean age of 60 ± 12 years. Hypertension, increased low-density lipoprotein, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were present in 76.8%, 74.7%, 36.5%, 9.6%, and 80.1%, respectively. Atherosclerotic carotid plaques were found in 76.0% of the patients. For the left carotid artery, Grade I, II, and III plaques were present in 32.4%, 30.5%, and 21.4% of these patients, respectively, and the results were similar in the right carotid artery. Age ≥60 years, female gender, and increased low-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio = 12.6, P = .003; odds ratio = 3.23, P = .001; and odds ratio = 4, P = .002, respectively). Carotid stenosis ≥50% was found in 5.9% of patients with plaque, and age >70 years was significantly associated with these stenoses (odds ratio = 4.74, P = .045).

Conclusion:

Our study showed a high prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques (76.0%) and stenosis (5.9%) among patients with ischemic strokes who had Doppler ultrasound of the neck vessels. Age is a powerful risk factor associated with carotid atherosclerosis and stenosis. Female gender and dyslipidemia are also significantly associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
A Novel Isobaric (Gas-Less) Laparoscopic Surgery Device
Authors: Leahy Patrick F.
Published: September 2023

Background

Laparoscopic Surgery is performed using carbon dioxide gas insufflated into the abdominal cavity to create a space for endoscopic visualization. During a laparoscopic surgical dissection plume is formed from electrocautery dissection. This plume contains viruses and sometimes COVID-19 viruses. The plume obscures the visual field. The unfiltered plume release is dangerous to surgeons, nurses, and patients. The loss of visualization during carbon dioxide release delays surgery. The use of carbon dioxide insufflated gas can have side effects such as C02 embolus, pain from diaphragmatic stretching, physiological complications such as respiratory infections and renal problems. The release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, unfiltered is significant. This accounts for 7% of greenhouse gases globally. This percentage is rising due to expansion of minimally invasive surgery.

Methodology

The proposed system for gasless surgery was designed by algorithms of tensegrity and geodesic dome pressures.

Experiment results

100 simulator studies were performed to develop the device to elevate the abdominal wall to create a gas free (isobaric) space for Laparoscopic Surgery. After design freeze, 4 animal studies were performed using ethical research guidelines at Amsterdam Medical Centre Research Department, Netherlands. 3 cadaveric studies were performed using Ethical guidelines at Hackensack University Medical Centre, New Jersey, USA, to evaluate the device in a human setting.

Conclusions

These devices for Laparoscopic Surgery, Robotic Surgery, and Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS) successfully proved that a superior intra-abdominal space can be created without carbon dioxide insufflation. The devices are patented in USA and Europe.
‘Are we having fun yet?’: The Starz television network and Party Down as indie TV
Authors: Lyons James
Published: September 2023

This article examines the sitcom Party Down (2009-10) one of the first shows commissioned by the US premium cable service Starz as it sought to compete with HBO and Showtime, but cancelled after two seasons due to low ratings. Reports in 2021 of plans for its return characterised it as a ‘cult TV’ show revived due to fan demand. Yet by analysing its original production contexts and its aesthetic attributes the article argues that it is best understood as a proto-typical instance of ‘indie TV,’ aligned with Starz' strategic positioning in relation to its indie-oriented subscriber base at that time.