bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Receipt of Adjuvant Immunotherapy among Stage III Melanoma Patients
Authors: Mulligan Kathleen M. , Kakish Hanna , Pawar Omkar , Ahmed Fasih Ali , Elshami Mohamedraed , Rothermel Luke D. , Bordeaux Jeremy S. , Sheng Iris Y. , Mangla Ankit , Hoehn Richard S.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

Melanoma survival has greatly improved with the advent of immunotherapy, but unequal access to these medications may exist due to nonmedical patient factors such as insurance status, educational background, and geographic proximity to treatment.

Methods:

We used the National Cancer Database to assess patients with nonmetastatic cutaneous melanoma who underwent surgical resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with tumor involvement from 2015 to 2020. We evaluated rates of adjuvant immunotherapy among this patient population based on patient, tumor, and facility variables, including insurance status, socioeconomic status, pathologic stage (IIIA-IIID), and treatment facility type and volume.

Results:

Adjuvant immunotherapy was associated with improved survival for stage III melanoma, with a slight increase in 5-year OS for stage IIIA (87.9% vs. 85.9%, P=0.044) and a higher increase in stages IIIB-D disease (70.3% vs. 59.6%, P<0.001). Receipt of adjuvant immunotherapy was less likely for patients who were older, low socioeconomic status, or uninsured. Low-volume and community cancer centers had higher rates of adjuvant immunotherapy overall for all stage III patients, whereas high-volume and academic centers used adjuvant immunotherapy much less often for stage IIIA patients compared with those in stages IIIB-D.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate inconsistent use of adjuvant immunotherapy among patients with stage III melanoma despite a significant association with improved survival. Notably, there was a lower use of adjuvant immunotherapy in patients of lower SES and those treated at high-volume centers. Equity in access to novel standards of care represents an opportunity to improve outcomes for patients with melanoma.
Disparities in Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Metastatic Melanoma in Texas
Authors: Olateju Olajumoke A. , Mgbere Osaro , Thornton J. Douglas , Zeng Zhen , Essien Ekere J.
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Disparities exist in the length and quality of survival from melanoma. This study evaluated, in a Texas cohort, patient factors associated with melanoma survival and examined if newer immune-oncologic agents extend survival compared with conventional therapies.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma from 2011 to 2018 in the Texas Cancer Registry database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate patient characteristics associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The patient cohort was then grouped based on receipt of first-line immunotherapy or other therapies. The association between receipt of immunotherapy and survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis and inverse probability treatment weighted Cox regression.

Results:

There were 1372 patients with metastatic melanoma. Factors associated with increased melanoma mortality risk (CSS) included being male (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26), non-Hispanic black (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.45), living in poorer counties (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.20-1.64), and having multimorbidity (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74). All minority races and Hispanics had poorer OS compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Patients who received first-line immunotherapy had significantly longer median (interquartile range) survival (CSS: 27.00 [21.00 to 42.00] mo vs. 16.00 [14.00 to 19.00] mo; OS: 22.00 [17.00 to 27.00] mo vs. 12.00 [11.00 to 14.00] mo). They also had reduced mortality risk (HR for CSS: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.88; P<0.0001; HR for OS: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69-0.83; P<0.0001) compared with the nonimmunotherapy cohort.

Conclusions:

This study showed differences in risks from melanoma survival based on patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Low socioeconomic status increased mortality risk, and first-line immunotherapy use favored survival. Health policies and tailored interventions that will promote equity in patient survival and survivorship are essential for managing metastatic melanoma.
FKBP3, a poor prognostic indicator, promotes the progression of LUAD via regulating ferroptosis and immune infiltration
Authors: Li Shengyi , Yang Lexin , Li Jing
Published: June 2024

Background:

Ferroptosis was reported to possess the therapeutic potentials in various human cancers. In the present study, we explored the expression, clinical significance and the molecular mechanism of FK506 binding protein 3 (FKBP3) in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Material and Method:

Cox regression was performed to obtain the prognosis related to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LUAD datasets from TCGA. We also downloaded the ferroptosis-related gene datasets from GeneCards. Venn diagram was performed to find the intersecting genes and FKBP3 was selected as the targeted gene by analyzing the diagnostic and prognostic values of Top10 intersecting genes. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between clinicopathological factors and survival rates. GO/KEGG and GSEA analysis was performed to explore the function of FKBP3 in LUAD progression. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was performed via STRING database and the top10 hub genes were selected. Finally, the relationship between FKBP3 and immune infiltration was explored by ssGSEA analysis.

Results:

Firstly, 184 genes associated with the prognosis of LUAD and ferroptosis were obtained. FKBP3 was found to be significantly associated with a poor overall survival rate of LUAD patients. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that FKBP3 was highly located in cytoplasm and membrane of cells in LUAD tissues. PPI network analysis results showed that HDAC1, YY1, HDAC2, MTOR, PSMA3, PIN1, NCL, C14orf166, PIN4, and LARP6 were the top10 hub genes. Furthermore, spearman analysis results showed that the expression of FKBP3 was positively correlated with the abundance of Th2 cells and T helper cells.

Conclusion:

High level of FKBP3 was associated with poor prognostic outcomes of LUAD patients, which also inhibited immune infiltration in LUAD tissues. Additionally, FKBP3 was involved in regulating the ferroptosis process in LUAD patients. Thus, FKBP3 possessed the tumor promotion role might be involving in regulating ferroptosis and immune infiltration in LUAD progression.
Transplantation of acellular amniotic membrane seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion
Authors: Li Chunbo , Yao Liangfeng , He Fengquan , Hua Keqin
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the role of acellular amniotic membrane (AAM) loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) for the treatment of intrauterine adhesion.

Methods:

One hundred twenty female Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (the uterus was picked out and incised without treatment), intrauterine adhesion group, the experimental group treated with AAM, and experimental group treated with AAM loaded with ADSCs. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery to evaluate the degree of uterine fibrosis and regeneration of injured endometrium. RNA sequencing and real-time PCR were used to explore the potential mechanism by which ADSCs modulated immune response and promoted endometrial regeneration.

Results:

On 14 days after surgery, the endometrial thickness, number of glands, and degree of fibrosis reduction in the ADSCs/AAM group was higher than those in the AAM group, and similar to the sham operation group. RNA sequencing analysis showed that ADSCs can modulate local immune responses and promote the formation of functional endometrium. Meanwhile, we found that ADSCs significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (bFGF and IL-6).

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that AAM loaded with ADSCs can result in the regeneration of injured endometrium and fibrosis reduction. Meanwhile, ADSCs also regulated the immune microenvironment, which was beneficial to functional endometrial recovery.
Saudi Arabia’s Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak: consequences, reactions, and takeaways
Authors: Salomon Izere
Published: June 2024

Background:

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral illness caused by the MERS-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Saudi Arabia has reported most global MERS-CoV cases and deaths, with periodic outbreaks in other countries.

Objectives:

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the 2023 MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia, including its epidemiology, public health response, impact, and lessons learned.

Methodology:

This study utilized a narrative review approach, drawing on published literature and data from sources such as the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:

The 2023 outbreak was centered in the Riyadh region, with 312 confirmed cases and 97 deaths reported. MERS-CoV primarily spreads from dromedary camels to humans, with human-to-human transmission, especially in healthcare settings. The outbreak exhibited seasonal and spatial trends, with most cases during camel calving season and in rural areas with high camel populations. The Saudi Ministry of Health implemented a multi-faceted response, including enhancing surveillance, improving infection prevention, providing clinical support, and conducting risk communication. Over time, the response showed a decline in the number of cases and deaths, indicating its effectiveness.

Conclusion:

The outbreak has significant public health, economic, and social impacts, underscoring the ongoing threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. Key lessons include early case detection, efficient infection control, vaccine and treatment development, public engagement, and strengthening of regional and global collaboration to mitigate future outbreaks and safeguard public health.
Essentials of hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive review of diagnostic and treatment perspectives
Authors: Pandey Archana
Published: June 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa, or acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with recurrent inflammatory nodules, abscesses, subcutaneous tracts, and scars. This condition may cause severe psychological distress and reduce the quality of life for affected individuals. It is considered to have one of the most damaging effects on quality of life of any skin disorder as a result of the discomfort and foul-smelling discharge from these lesions. Although the pathophysiology of HS is still unclear, multiple factors, including lifestyle, genetic, and hormonal factors, have been associated with it. The pathogenesis of HS is very complex and has wide clinical manifestations; thus, it is quite challenging to manage and often requires the use of combination treatments that must be tailored according to disease severity and other patient-specific factors. Although lifestyle changes, weight loss, quitting smoking, topical treatments, and oral antibiotics are adequate for mild cases, the challenge for healthcare professionals is dealing with moderate-to-severe HS, which often does not respond well to traditional approaches. This literature review, consisting of an overview of the various assessment tools and therapy strategies available for the diagnosis and treatment of HS from published literature, aims to be a guide for practicing clinicians in dealing with the complexities associated with this disease.
The Effects of Psychological Interventions on Fostering Resilience in Family Members of Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Shao Yuna , Li William Ho Cheung , Zhou Run , Cheung Ankie Tan
Published: June 2024

Background

Interventions to foster resilience may promote mental health recovery after exposure to stressors. However, comprehensive systematic syntheses of such evidence in family members of pediatric cancer patients are lacking.

Objective

To systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence for the effects of psychological interventions at fostering resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients.

Methods

PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and 9 other databases were searched for articles published until March 2023. Empirical studies on psychological interventions to improve resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients were included. Full-text and quality appraisals were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

Seventeen studies were included, of which 10 were included in the meta-analyses. There was a positive effect of interventions on resilience at postintervention time points, but no effects on depressive symptoms, stress, or well-being. The improvement in resilience was sustained in the short term (≤3 months) and medium term (>3 to ≤6 months), with delayed effects on depressive symptoms and stress. In the 6 studies that reported moderate effect sizes, the interventions comprised problem-solving skills, cognitive strategies, promotion of personal strength, and social resources.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that psychological interventions targeting resilience have the potential to positively affect the resilience and mental health outcomes of family members, particularly parents.

Implications for Practice

Psychological interventions targeting resilience hold promise in improving the mental health of family members. Future interventions should clearly specify the characteristics of the intervention, such as mode of delivery, format, and duration.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Association With Orbital Fracture Characteristics and Repair
Authors: Malla Adarsha , Hassan Bashar , Er Seray , Liang Fan , Ptak Thomas , Manson Paul N. , Grant Michael P.
Published: June 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in up to 50% of patients with facial fractures. Orbital fractures account for 25% of all facial fractures. The authors sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for TBI in patients undergoing orbital fracture repair (OFR) and assess the impact of TBI on surgical timing. A retrospective review of trauma patients who underwent OFR at a single trauma center from 2015 to 2020 was conducted. Excluded were patients <18 years old and those with unreported GCS on presentation. TBI was defined as GCS <15 or any neurological symptom on presentation. TBI was categorized into mild (GCS=14–15), moderate (GCS=9–13), and severe TBI (GCS=3–8). Our primary and secondary outcomes were the prevalence of TBI on presentation and duration from injury to surgery, respectively. Of the 200 patients analyzed, 99 (49.5%) had concomitant TBI on presentation. The most common neurological symptom on presentation was loss of consciousness [n=80 (40%)]. Patients with TBI were significantly more likely to have an orbital roof [n=11 (11.1%), n=4 (4.0%), P=0.048] and lateral wall fractures [n=25 (25.3%), n=14 (13.9%), P=0.031] compared with patients without TBI. Patients with severe TBI were more likely to have delayed OFR—a significantly greater proportion of patients who had severe TBI had OFR after 60 days of injury compared with those without TBI or with mild TBI [5 (39%), 12 (12%), 4 (5%), P=0.032]. Craniofacial surgeons must suspect and screen for TBI in patients presenting with facial trauma, especially those with orbital roof and lateral wall fractures.
Genomic investigations of diverse corbiculate bee gut-associated Gilliamella reveal conserved pathways for energy metabolism, with diverse and variable energy sources
Authors: Nguyen Viet Hung
Published: June 2024

Gilliamella is a genus of bacteria commonly found as symbionts of corbiculate bees. Research into energy metabolism by this genus has predominantly been done through in vivo and in vitro experiments focused on the type species Gilliamella apicola. This study examined 95 publicly available genomes representing at least 18 Gilliamella species isolated predominantly from the hindgut of corbiculate bees. Energy metabolism pathways were found to be highly conserved across not only the Gilliamella but also other members of the family Orbaceae. Evidence suggests Gilliamella are capable of fermentation of both fumarate and pyruvate. Fermentation of the former produces succinate. Fermentation of the latter can produce acetate, ethanol, formate, and both isoforms of lactate for all Gilliamella, and acetoin for some G. apicola. According to genomic evidence examined, all Gilliamella are only capable of respiration under microoxic conditions, while higher oxygen conditions may in fact inhibit respiration. Evidence suggests that the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways are essential mechanisms for the metabolism of energy sources, with the TCA cycle playing little to no role in energy metabolism for all Gilliamella species. Uptake of energy sources, i.e., sugars and derivatives, likely rely predominantly on the phosphoenol-pyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. Differences in the utilized energy sources may confer fitness advantages associated with specific host species.
Regulating AI Adaptation: An Analysis of AI Medical Device Updates
Authors: Wu Kevin , Wu Eric , Rodolfa Kit , Ho Daniel E. , Zou James
Published: June 2024

While the pace of development of AI has rapidly progressed in recent years, the implementation of safe and effective regulatory frameworks has lagged behind. In particular, the adaptive nature of AI models presents unique challenges to regulators as updating a model can improve its performance but also introduce safety risks. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been a forerunner in regulating and approving hundreds of AI medical devices. To better understand how AI is updated and its regulatory considerations, we systematically analyze the frequency and nature of updates in FDA-approved AI medical devices. We find that less than 2% of all devices report having been updated by being re-trained on new data. Meanwhile, nearly a quarter of devices report updates in the form of new functionality and marketing claims. As an illustrative case study, we analyze pneumothorax detection models and find that while model performance can degrade by as much as 0.18 AUC when evaluated on new sites, re-training on site-specific data can mitigate this performance drop, recovering up to 0.23 AUC. However, we also observed significant degradation on the original site after retraining using data from new sites, providing insight from one example that challenges the current one-model-fits-all approach to regulatory approvals. Our analysis provides an in-depth look at the current state of FDA-approved AI device updates and insights for future regulatory policies toward model updating and adaptive AI.

Data and Code Availability

The primary data used in this study are publicly available through the FDA website. Our analysis of the data and code used is available in the supplementary material and will be made publicly available on GitHub athttps://github.com/kevinwu23/AIUpdating.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Our research does not require IRB approval.
Enhancement ofM. tuberculosisLine Probe Assay Sensitivity through Whole Genome Amplification of Low-Quantity DNA Released from Sputum and Archived on Chemically-Coated Cellulose Matrix Using an Isothermal Enzymatic Strand-Displacement Process
Authors: Goyani Krishna H. , Deb Chirajyoti , Patel Daisy , Vaniawala Shalin , Mukhopadhyaya Pratap N.
Published: June 2024

In this study, thirty-nine sputum samples from tuberculosis (TB)-positive patients undergoing first-line therapy were collected and archived on a chemical-coated cellulose matrix. DNA was extracted from these matrices and tested forMycobacterium tuberculosisusing the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay. Seven samples tested positive forM. tuberculosis, with low levels of detection. End-point PCR yielded faint signals in four samples, but no signal in the remaining three. A Line Probe Assay (LPA) detected pathogen DNA in only one of the three PCR-negative samples. Remarkably, the LPA-negative samples were successfully detected by LPA and end-point PCR following isothermal, strand displacement-based whole genome amplification (WGA) of the stock DNA. The drug sensitivity profile of these samples was consistent with the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra results obtained from the original stock DNA. Additionally, sputum DNA from healthy individuals spiked with 125 ng, but not with 1.25 ng, ofM. tuberculosisculture DNA was detected by LPA. Following WGA, the 1.25 ng sample was also detected successfully by LPA, and its drug sensitivity profile matched that of the 125-ng sample. These findings indicate that WGA of sputum DNA from a cellulose matrix, even with low pathogen load, can enhance the detection capabilities of LPA by enriching the genome target through an isothermal enzymatic strand displacement method. This method holds promise for improving diagnostic sensitivity in TB detection.
Predicting response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: transcriptomic features outrank genomic biomarkers
Authors: Acedo-Terrades Ariadna , Rodriguez-Vida Alejo , Buisan Oscar , Bódalo-Torruella Marta , Gabarrós Maria , Clarós Miquel , Juanpere Nuria , Lorenzo Marta , Vázquez Montes de Oca Sergio , Rios-Hoyo Alejandro , Carrato Moñino Cristina , Sanhueza Tamara , Eyras Eduardo , Puigdecanet Eulàlia , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Perera-Bel Júlia , Nonell Lara , Bellmunt Joaquim
Published: June 2024

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with poor predictability of response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Consequently, the benefit of NAC remains unclear for many patients due to the lack of reliable biomarkers predicting treatment response. In order to identify biomarkers and build an integrated and highly accurate model to predict NAC response, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and genomic profiling on tumors from 100 MIBC patients. Our results showed that the expression of the top genes associated with response, as well as the expression of growth factor genes and cell cycle regulators are highly correlated with NAC response. Most importantly, we found a novel signature related to the WNT signaling pathway that alone was highly correlated with NAC response and showed high accuracy in predicting NAC response (AUC=0.76). Additionally, mutations in the DNAH family genes (DNAH8, DNAH6 and DNAH10) and deletion in KDM6A were also highly correlated with NAC response. Using our comprehensive molecular analysis as a backbone, we developed two machine learning (ML) models, one incorporating both transcriptomic and genomic features (RF-RW), and the other using only transcriptomic data (RF-R). Both models demonstrated promising performance (AUC=0.82) as predictive models of response to NAC in MIBC. RF-RW and RF-R, after external validation, could potentially change the management of MIBC patients by selecting ideal candidates for NAC.
Heavy quark dynamics via the Gribov-Zwanziger approach
Authors: Sumit  , Mukherjee Arghya , Haque Najmul , Patra Binoy Krishna
Published: June 2024

In this work, we investigate the momentum-dependent drag and diffusion coefficient of heavy quarks (HQs) moving in the quark-gluon plasma background. The leading order scattering amplitudes required for this purpose have been obtained using the Gribov-Zwanziger propagator for the mediator gluons to incorporate the nonperturbative effects relevant to the phenomenologically accessible temperature regime. The drag and diffusion coefficients so obtained have been implemented to estimate the temperature and momentum dependence of the energy loss of the HQ as well as the temperature dependence of the specific shear viscosity (η/s) of the background medium. Our results suggest a higher energy loss of the propagating HQ compared to the perturbative estimates, whereas the η/s is observed to comply with the AdS/CFT estimation over a significantly wider temperature range compared to the perturbative expectation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Majorana neutrinos and dark matter from anomaly cancellation
Authors: Debnath Hridoy , Fileviez Pérez Pavel , González-Quesada Kevin
Published: June 2024

We discuss a simple theory for neutrino masses where the total lepton number is a local gauge symmetry spontaneously broken below the multi-TeV scale. In this context, the neutrino masses are generated through the canonical seesaw mechanism and a Majorana dark matter candidate is predicted from anomaly cancellation. We discuss in great detail the dark matter annihilation channels and find out the upper bound on the symmetry-breaking scale using the cosmological bounds on the relic density. Since in this context the dark matter candidate has suppressed couplings to the Standard Model quarks, one can satisfy the direct detection bounds even if the dark matter mass is close to the electroweak scale. This theory predicts a light pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (the Majoron) associated to the mechanism of neutrino mass. We discuss briefly the properties of the Majoron and the impact of the big bang nucleosynthesis bounds.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generalized Quantum Signal Processing
Authors: Motlagh Danial , Wiebe Nathan
Published: June 2024

Quantum signal processing (QSP) and quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) currently stand as the most efficient techniques for implementing functions of block-encoded matrices, a central task that lies at the heart of most prominent quantum algorithms. However, current QSP approaches face several challenges, such as the restrictions imposed on the family of achievable polynomials and the difficulty of calculating the required phase angles for specific transformations. In this paper, we present a generalized quantum signal processing (GQSP) approach, employing general SU(2) rotations as our signal-processing operators, rather than relying solely on rotations in a single basis. Our approach lifts all practical restrictions on the family of achievable transformations, with the sole remaining condition being that |P|≤1, a restriction necessary due to the unitary nature of quantum computation. Furthermore, GQSP provides a straightforward recursive formula for determining the rotation angles needed to construct the polynomials in cases where P and Q are known. In cases where only P is known, we provide an efficient optimization algorithm capable of identifying in under a minute of GPU time, a corresponding Q for polynomials of degree on the order of 107. We further illustrate GQSP simplifies QSP-based strategies for Hamiltonian simulation, offer an optimal solution to the ϵ-approximate fractional query problem that requires O((1/δ)+log﻿(1/ϵ)) queries to perform where O(1/δ) is a proved lower bound, and introduces novel approaches for implementing bosonic operators. Moreover, we propose a novel framework for the implementation of normal matrices, demonstrating its applicability through synthesis of diagonal matrices, as well as the development of a new algorithm for convolution through synthesis of circulant matrices using only O(dlog﻿N+log2﻿N) 1 and 2-qubit gates for a filter of lengths d.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Diversity and emotional labor in the gig economy
Authors: Ajaiyeoba Ifeyimika O.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore and conceptualize the emotional labor of racial minorities and women in the gig economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on current research on gig workers' engagement in emotional labor and accounts of unfair practices in the gig economy. It calls out the presence of bias in algorithmic systems used within the gig economy as a means of control and gig worker management. The negative impact of such bias on a specific gig worker demographic is theorized.

Findings

Through a review of research on the nature of work in the gig economy, the paper suggests an unspoken mandate exists for gig workers to engage in emotional labor practices. Specifically, the nature of gig work in terms of algorithmic control, coupled with gig work dependence, often creates a need for gig workers to engage in emotional labor. This need is heightened for racial and ethnic minorities and women gig workers.

Research limitations/implications

As gig platforms increasingly rely on algorithms for management and gig workers face biases, this paper offers valuable insights that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the gig economy's impact on worker well-being. The paper discusses the need for more profound research into the nature of work in the gig economy and the life experiences of gig workers.

Practical implications

This paper has significant implications for organizations and gig workers. Understanding the relationships proposed in this paper can inform organizational strategies to enhance the well-being of gig workers and improve their overall work experiences, potentially leading to increased satisfaction and reduced turnover. Additionally, the paper recommends strategies gig workers can utilize to achieve positive outcomes.

Originality/value

The evolving work landscape, driven by the gig economy, necessitates a thorough understanding of new work dynamics. This paper sheds light on the often-overlooked diversity within the gig workforce, mainly focusing on the unique experiences of women and racial and ethnic minorities.
The role of institutional and operational factors in the digitalization of large local governments: insights from Italy
Authors: Bisogno Marco , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Abate Flavio
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates drivers of local governments’ digitalization, focusing on contextual factors that can help explain the level of e-government development. Concretely, it examines financial, socioeconomic, and political factors that represent the local context where e-government initiatives are implemented.

Design/methodology/approach

A composite e-government index was used, adopting a holistic perspective to capture various features of e-government initiatives. The OLS estimator for linear regressions was used for the analysis based on a sample of Italian municipalities in 2023. The Tobit estimator was additionally implemented to check for the robustness of the results.

Findings

Empirical findings suggest that municipalities with higher indebtedness tend to show lower digitalization levels. Economic and social variables are also relevant factors, while the political orientation of the governing party is not significant. This indirectly documents that e-government initiatives play a strategic role despite the political ideology.

Originality/value

This study avoids referring to a technological determinism perspective and examines the role of the institutional and operational context, highlighting the need to unveil and explain differences among local governments rather than focusing on similarities.
Economic tides and merger waves: insights from a long-run perspective
Authors: Emiru Tilahun , Weisblatt Sara
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the long-run relationship between macroeconomic and financial conditions and the aggregate number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the USA, drawing on data spanning from 1928 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

The study estimated a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) encompassing four variables: the aggregate number of M&As, industrial production, the rates on three-month U.S. treasury bills and the closing price of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Findings

There exists a long-run relationship among the four variables. An increase in industrial production is associated with a fall in M&A transactions, reflecting a tendency for M&A waves to start during economic downturns. Similarly, contractionary monetary policy, which often happens during good economic and financial times, leads to a decline in M&A activity. When the equilibrium among the four variables is disrupted, the aggregate number of M&As, along with financial conditions, works to restore the equilibrium.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the long-run relationship between macroeconomic and financial conditions using data spanning nearly a century.
Farming is not a joke: the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises
Authors: Lorenz Angelica Marie Therese C. , Padre Peter P. , Ramos Joanna Kathleen P. , Mabalay Adrian A. , Aure Patrick Adriel H. , Blasa-Cheng Angelique C.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to work toward understanding the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises in the Philippines by exploring the interactions between policy, culture, supports and human capital domains.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors considered using an exploratory single-embedded case study approach, involving methodological triangulation of document analysis, semistructured interviews and participant observation. The authors analyzed the data using a narrative approach to map the ecosystem.

Findings

Through the research, the authors discovered that while each domain functions effectively individually, disconnects exist when interacting collectively as an ecosystem. The authors come to know that there is no policy consensus on social enterprise definitions, which limits specialized policy support. Although support services like incubators are available, the authors observed that awareness and accessibility vary based on location and business maturity. The authors also noted that human capital helps translate concepts into frameworks, but research tailored to agriculture and social entrepreneurship is limited. The authors come to the conclusion that collaboration and openness across domains are needed to strengthen connections and synergies.

Research limitations/implications

The study was geographically limited to Luzon Island, and the authors did not include the finance and markets domains of the ecosystem model in the analysis.

Practical implications

Based on the findings, the authors identify strategies to reinforce connections, such as increasing awareness of support services, developing tailored policies for social enterprises, conducting specialized research and promoting collaboration across domains. The authors are convinced that implementing these strategies can further develop the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Originality/value

The study provides unique empirical insights into the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Philippines. The authors captured the narratives and experiences of key ecosystem stakeholders along the process. The authors have confidence that what the authors found can strategically guide policymakers and support organizations, educational institutions and social entrepreneurs to accelerate ecosystem development for greater social impact.
Tongue, tape, and time: caring masculinities in the practice of electrical repair and maintenance work in India's Sundarbans
Authors: Pergetti Silvia
Published: June 2024

In forest‐fringe areas of India's Sundarbans, young men at the intersection of low caste and class become invested in electrical repair and maintenance work – as a gendering practice that enacts a specific logic of care. This work takes embodied knowledge (tongue), thoughtful improvisation (tape), and lifelong commitment (time) to fragile things and people in need. Tongue, tape, and time make the difference between good and bad care – between good, honourable men and men who do not or cannot care. In a place of changing aspirations but lasting deprivations, the costs of caring are expensive for men of limited means, and yet the costs of not caring cause the same men to suffer from unanticipated forms of gendered vulnerability. In this article, electrical workers’ caring masculinities are analysed in their political, economic, and moral dimensions to reveal ongoing tensions in the social constitution of (gendered) personhood: as care both obviates and causes ruination, these tensions must be constantly smoothed out for care to maintain its generative potential. Informed by fifteen months of fieldwork on an island of India's Sundarbans, the article seeks to trouble repair and maintenance work as care work – for care both does and undoes both men and things.
Labour market and income inequalities in the United Kingdom, 1968–2021
Authors: Cribb Jonathan
Published: June 2024

This paper examines trends in working‐age labour market and disposable income inequalities in the United Kingdom from 1968 to 2021 using microdata harmonised with 16 other high‐income countries. In the UK, the 1980s was a period of rising labour market inequalities and inequality in disposable incomes. Since the 1980s, changes have been more modest. Changing hours of work and changes in family structure have been important for understanding trends in individual and household earnings inequalities, respectively. Tax and benefit reforms have also played an important role in driving disposable income inequalities, with notable redistribution towards low‐income households between 1997 and 2010. We also provide evidence on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK. Disposable income inequality fell slightly as increases in state benefits during the pandemic boosted incomes of poorer households.
Development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐8‐THC), delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in botanicals, edibles, liquids, oils, waxes, and bath products by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Authors: Shuda Sarah A. , Folger Joshua F. , Spargo Erin , Logan Barry K.
Published: June 2024

A quantitative gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed for delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐8‐THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in matrices including plant material, liquids and oils, waxes, edibles, and bath and body products. Samples were prepared by homogenization, extraction of the cannabinoids into solvent, liquid/liquid extraction, and derivatization. The GC/MS method was validated from 0.15% to 5.00% (weight basis) to encompass the 0.3% legal distinction between hemp and marijuana. Validation was performed assessing imprecision/bias, calibration model, recovery, interferences, limit of detection, matrix matching, carryover, accuracy, and an assessment of CBD conversion to delta‐9‐THC. The calibration curves were quadratic weighted 1/x with r2 > 0.990. The method had a detection limit of 0.075% in plant material for each analyte. Analyte recovery was greater than 70% in plant material. Carryover was not observed up to concentrations equivalent to 100% analyte, and no forensically significant conversion of CBD to delta‐9‐THC was observed. One cannabinoid isomer, 9(R)‐delta‐7‐tetrahydrocannabinol (9(R)‐delta‐7‐THC), was determined to interfere with the quantitation of delta‐9‐THC, but could be differentiated based on mass spectrum. The method was determined to be suitable for quantitation of delta‐9‐THC, delta‐8‐THC, delta‐9‐THCA, and CBD and was able to differentiate hemp samples from marijuana samples.
Evidence of content validity of the nursing outcome “sexual functioning” from the nursing outcome classification
Authors: de Lima Edvone Alves , Lopes Camila Takao , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Herdman T. Heather , Abuchaim Érica de Sá Vieira , Santos Vinicius Batista
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the content validity evidence of the nursing outcome “sexual functioning” from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).

Methods

A multi‐method study, including a methodological study analyzing the content validity evidence of the NOC outcome and sexual functioning, and a quantitative, descriptive, cross‐sectional study. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to map and identify clinical indicators associated with sexual functioning to construct the conceptual (CD) and operational definitions (ODs) of each outcome indicator. In the second phase, experts assessed the CD and OD for clarity, theoretical relevance, and theoretical pertinence. The critical validity ratio (CVR) was calculated for each indicator. In the third phase, a pilot test of sexual functioning measurement was conducted with 33 patients hospitalized for coronary artery disease. Internal consistency was calculated through Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The CD and OD were constructed based on 120 articles and analyzed by 13 experts; four rounds were required to achieve the critical CVR in each phase. In the pilot test, the nursing outcome achieved a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95, and the mean assessment time was 26 min. Indicators with the highest mean scores were related to knowledge of personal needs and capabilities and comfort with one's own body.

Conclusion

The CD and OD developed for the NOC outcome, sexual functioning, had adequate evidence of content validity. The outcome content has high internal consistency. Further studies on the validity of the nursing outcome should be conducted to increase its validity.

Implications for practice

The nursing outcome, sexual functioning, can be a tool used by nurses to evaluate the effect of nursing education and interventions on sexual functioning in the adult population.
Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased rates of epigenetic aging in a population with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Holmes Holly E. , Valentin Rafael E. , Jernerén Fredrik , de Jager Loots Celeste A. , Refsum Helga , Smith A. David , Guarente Leonard , Dellinger Ryan W. , Sampson Dayle ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. In this study, we report the relationship between tHcy and epigenetic age in older adults with mild cognitive impairment from the VITACOG study. Epigenetic age and rate of aging (ROA) were assessed using various epigenetic clocks, including those developed by Horvath and Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and with a focus on Index, a new principal component‐based epigenetic clock that, like DNAmPhenoAge, is trained to predict an individual's “PhenoAge.” We identified significant associations between tHcy levels and ROA, suggesting that hyperhomocysteinemic individuals were aging at a faster rate. Moreover, Index revealed a normalization of accelerated epigenetic aging in these individuals following treatment with tHcy‐lowering B‐vitamins. Our results indicate that elevated tHcy is a risk factor for accelerated epigenetic aging, and this can be ameliorated with B‐vitamins. These findings have broad relevance for the sizable proportion of the worldwide population with elevated tHcy.
Testing in functional constipation—What's new and what works
Authors: Rodriguez Leonel
Published: June 2024

Background

Constipation is among the most common symptoms prompting a consultation with a paediatric gastroenterologist. While most patients will respond to lifestyle and dietary changes and conventional therapy, some may require diagnostic studies.

Aim

To review the diagnostics studies used to evaluate children with functional constipation.

Materials and Methods

There is no evidence to support the routine use of abdominal X‐rays in the evaluation of paediatric constipation. Colon transit by radiopaque markers (ROM) should be indicated when medical history does not match clinical findings, to guide colon manometry (CM) performance and to discriminate between faecal incontinence from functional constipation and non‐retentive faecal incontinence. Colon scintigraphy may be useful as an alternative to ROM. Lumbar spine MRI may be indicated to evaluate for spinal abnormalities. The role of defecography has not been properly evaluated in children. Anorectal manometry in children is indicated primarily to evaluate anal resting pressure, presence and quality of the recto‐anal inhibitory reflex and simulated defecation manoeuvres. The CM is indicated to guide surgical interventions after failing medical therapy.

Conclusions

The goal of these studies is to identify treatable causes of constipation. Most of these studies are designed to evaluate anatomy, transit and/or colon/rectum motility function and are primarily indicated in those who fail to respond to conventional therapy.
Letter: Over‐the‐scope clips in patients at high risk of re‐bleeding following upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding—The magic bullet for everyone?
Authors: Allo Gabriel , Nierhoff Dirk , Kasper Philipp
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18132
Models of bee responses to land use and land cover changes in agricultural landscapes – a review and research agenda
Authors: Rouabah Abdelhak , Rabolin‐Meinrad Chantal , Gay Camille , Therond Olivier
Published: June 2024

Predictive modelling tools can be used to support the design of agricultural landscapes to promote pollinator biodiversity and pollination services. Despite the proliferation of such modelling tools in recent decades, there remains a gap in synthesising their main characteristics and representation capacities. Here, we reviewed 42 studies that developed non‐correlative models to explore the impact of land use and land cover changes on bee populations, and synthesised information about the modelled systems, modelling approaches, and key model characteristics like spatiotemporal extent and resolution. Various modelling approaches are employed to predict the biodiversity of bees and the pollination services they provide, with a prevalence of models focusing on wild populations compared to managed ones. Of these models, landscape indicators and distance decay models are relatively simple, with few parameters. They allow mapping bee visitation probabilities using basic land cover data and considering bee foraging ranges. Conversely, mechanistic or agent‐based models delineate, with varying degrees of complexity, a multitude of processes that characterise, among others, the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of bees. The reviewed models collectively encompass 38 ecological, agronomic, and economic processes, producing various outputs including bee abundance, habitat visitation rate, and crop yield. To advance the development of predictive modelling tools aimed at fostering pollinator biodiversity and pollination services in agricultural landscapes, we highlight future avenues for increasing biophysical realism in models predicting the impact of land use and land cover changes on bees. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with balancing model complexity and practical usability.