bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater small target detection based on dynamic convolution and attention mechanism
Authors: Cheng Chensheng , Wang Can , Yang Dianyu , Wen Xin , Liu Weidong , Zhang Feihu
Published: March 2024

In ocean observation missions, unmanned autonomous ocean observation platforms play a crucial role, with precise target detection technology serving as a key support for the autonomous operation of unmanned platforms. Among various underwater sensing devices, side-scan sonar (SSS) has become a primary tool for wide-area underwater detection due to its extensive detection range. However, current research on target detection with SSS primarily focuses on large targets such as sunken ships and aircraft, lacking investigations into small targets. In this study, we collected data on underwater small targets using an unmanned boat equipped with SSS and proposed an enhancement method based on the YOLOv7 model for detecting small targets in SSS images. First, to obtain more accurate initial anchor boxes, we replaced the original k-means algorithm with the k-means++ algorithm. Next, we replaced ordinary convolution blocks in the backbone network with Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv) to enhance the feature extraction capability for small targets. Subsequently, we inserted a Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) into the neck network to focus on global information and extract target features, effectively addressing the issue of sparse target features in SSS images. Finally, we mitigated the harmful gradients produced by low-quality annotated data by adopting Wise-IoU (WIoU) to improve the detection accuracy of small targets in SSS images. Through validation on the test set, the proposed method showed a significant improvement compared to the original YOLOv7, with increases of 5.05% and 2.51% in mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5: 0.95 indicators, respectively. The proposed method demonstrated excellent performance in detecting small targets in SSS images and can be applied to the detection of underwater mines and small equipment, providing effective support for underwater small target detection tasks.
Development and validation of a random forest algorithm for source attribution of animal and human Salmonella Typhimurium and monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium isolates in England and Wales utilising whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Guzinski Jaromir , Tang Yue , Chattaway Marie Anne , Dallman Timothy J. , Petrovska Liljana
Published: March 2024

Source attribution has traditionally involved combining epidemiological data with different pathogen characterisation methods, including 7-gene multi locus sequence typing (MLST) or serotyping, however, these approaches have limited resolution. In contrast, whole genome sequencing data provide an overview of the whole genome that can be used by attribution algorithms. Here, we applied a random forest (RF) algorithm to predict the primary sources of human clinical Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and monophasic variants (monophasic S. Typhimurium) isolates. To this end, we utilised single nucleotide polymorphism diversity in the core genome MLST alleles obtained from 1,061 laboratory-confirmed human and animal S. Typhimurium and monophasic S. Typhimurium isolates as inputs into a RF model. The algorithm was used for supervised learning to classify 399 animal S. Typhimurium and monophasic S. Typhimurium isolates into one of eight distinct primary source classes comprising common livestock and pet animal species: cattle, pigs, sheep, other mammals (pets: mostly dogs and horses), broilers, layers, turkeys, and game birds (pheasants, quail, and pigeons). When applied to the training set animal isolates, model accuracy was 0.929 and kappa 0.905, whereas for the test set animal isolates, for which the primary source class information was withheld from the model, the accuracy was 0.779 and kappa 0.700. Subsequently, the model was applied to assign 662 human clinical cases to the eight primary source classes. In the dataset, 60/399 (15.0%) of the animal and 141/662 (21.3%) of the human isolates were associated with a known outbreak of S. Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 104. All but two of the 141 DT104 outbreak linked human isolates were correctly attributed by the model to the primary source classes identified as the origin of the DT104 outbreak. A model that was run without the clonal DT104 animal isolates produced largely congruent outputs (training set accuracy 0.989 and kappa 0.985; test set accuracy 0.781 and kappa 0.663). Overall, our results show that RF offers considerable promise as a suitable methodology for epidemiological tracking and source attribution for foodborne pathogens.
Research on adults with subthreshold depression after aerobic exercise: a resting-state fMRI study based on regional homogeneity (ReHo)
Authors: Shen Wenbin , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Qin , Ding Qingguo , Zhang Hongqiang , Qian Zheng , Sun Zhixin , Chen Xingyu , Zhang Jun , Zhao Mengqi , Huang Lina , Xing Wei
Published: March 2024

Objective

Subthreshold depression (StD)/subsyndromal depression refers to a threatening precursor to depression. Aerobic exercise is a promising self-supportive adjunctive intervention and an effective measure for StD. Our study utilizes regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on resting-state brain function.

Methods

A total of 78 subjects, aged between 18 and 48 years, (StD group, n = 44; healthy control (HC) group, n = 34) engaged in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 3–4 times per week for 8 weeks. Resting-state brain function and structural images were acquired before and after the exercise intervention. The ReHo method was employed to analyze abnormal changes in regional brain function, and a correlation analysis was performed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores.

Results

The principal observation reveals synchronous abnormalities in the right anterior cingulate gyrus of the brain in StD subjects compared to HCs at baseline, with these differences dissipating after the implementation of aerobic exercise. After completing the aerobic exercise program, the StD group exhibited a difference in the right middle cingulate gyrus, while the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was altered in the HC group.

Conclusion

Disparities in neural synchronization are evident between HCs and StD subjects, and the implementation of aerobic exercise intervention can effectively mitigate these distinctions, leading to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms among StD subjects. The primary mechanism of StD symptoms may involve the inhibition of the anterior cingulate gyrus, while the effects of aerobic exercise may be related to the modulation of neural synchronization of emotional reflexes. The discovery of these fMRI evidence findings may offer novel strategies for early detection and intervention in cases of StD.
Small size, big problems: insights and difficulties in prenatal diagnosis of fetal microcephaly
Authors: Haddad Leila , Hadi Efrat , Leibovitz Zvi , Lev Dorit , Shalev Yoseph , Gindes Liat , Lerman-Sagie Tally
Published: March 2024

Microcephaly is a sign, not a diagnosis. Its incidence varies widely due to the differences in the definition and the population being studied. It is strongly related to neurodevelopmental disorders. Differences in definitions and measurement techniques between fetuses and newborns pose a great challenge for the diagnosis and prognostication of fetal microcephaly. A false positive diagnosis can result (in countries where it is legal) in erroneous termination of pregnancy, where a false negative diagnosis might lead to the birth of a microcephalic newborn. Microcephaly in growth restricted fetuses deserves special attention and separate evaluation as it is an important prognostic factor, and not necessarily part of the general growth retardation. Several genetic syndromes incorporating microcephaly and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are discussed. Deceleration of the head circumference (HC) growth rate even when the HC is still within normal limits might be the only clue for developing microcephaly and should be considered during fetal head growth follow up. Combining additional parameters such as a positive family history, associated anomalies, and new measurement parameters can improve prediction in about 50% of cases, and thus should be part of the prenatal workup. Advances in imaging modalities and in prenatal genetic investigation along with the emergence of new growth charts can also improve diagnostic accuracy. In this article, we review the different definitions and etiologies of fetal microcephaly, discuss difficulties in diagnosis, investigate the reasons for the low yield of prenatal diagnosis, and provide improvement suggestions. Finally, we suggest an updated algorithm that will aid in the diagnosis and management of fetal microcephaly.
Accumulation patterns of tobacco root allelopathicals across different cropping durations and their correlation with continuous cropping challenges
Authors: Zhou Fangfang , Pan Yihong , Zhang Xiaolong , Deng Guobing , Li Xiaoting , Xiong Yubin , Tang Li
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Continuous cropping challenges have gradually emerged as pivotal factors limiting the sustainable development of agricultural production. Allelopathicals are considered to be the primary obstacles. However, there is limited information on allelopathic accumulation across various continuous cropping years and its correlation with the associated challenges.

Methods

Tobacco was subjected to varying planting durations: 1 year (CR), 5 years (CC5), 10 years (CC10), and 15 years (CC15).

Results

Our findings unveiled discernible disparities in tobacco growth patterns across diverse continuous cropping periods. Notably, the most pronounced challenges were observed in the CC5 category, characterized by yield reduction, tobacco black shank outbreaks, and a decline in beneficial flora. Conversely, CC15 exhibited a substantial reduction in challenges as the continuous cropping persisted with no significant differences when compared to CR. Within the tobacco rhizosphere, we identified 14 distinct allelopathic compounds, with 10 of these compounds displaying noteworthy variations among the four treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that eight allelopathic compounds exhibited autotoxic effects on tobacco growth, with MA, heptadecanoic acid, and VA ranking as the most potent inhibitors. Interaction network highlighted the pivotal roles of VA and EA in promoting pathogen proliferation and impeding the enrichment of 13 beneficial bacterial genera. Furthermore, a structural equation model elucidated that MA and EA primarily exert direct toxic effects on tobacco, whereas VA fosters pathogen proliferation, inhibits the enrichment of beneficial bacteria, and synergistically exacerbates the challenges associated with continuous cropping alongside EA.

Discussion

These findings suggested discernible disparities in tobacco growth patterns across the various continuous cropping periods. The most pronounced challenges were observed in CC5, whereas CC15 exhibited a substantial reduction in challenges as continuous cropping persisted. VA may play a pivotal role in this phenomenon by interacting with pathogens, beneficial bacterial genera, and EA.
Direct and indirect effects of father-child attachment on academic burnout in college students
Authors: Zhang Zhenyun , Wang Yuhua , Wu Huifen , Zhou Yuqin , Peng Cong
Published: March 2024

The study aims to investigate the multiple mediating roles of core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging in the relationship between father-child attachment and academic burnout in college students. A sample of 418 college students completed the father-child attachment scale, the scale of sense of school belonging, core self-evaluation scale, and academic burnout scale. After controlling for variables such as mother–child attachment, gender, age, and grade, the results showed: (1) father-child attachment was significantly and negatively correlated with academic burnout, and positively correlated with core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging; both core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging were significantly and negatively correlated with academic burnout. (2) The multiple mediating model of father-child attachment influencing academic burnout in college students was established. Both core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging played a partial mediating role between father-child attachment and academic burnout. The direct effect of father-child attachment on academic burnout accounts for 33.3% of the total effect. The indirect effects of core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging between father-child attachment and academic burnout account for 50.0 and 16.7% of the total effect, respectively. These findings identify the internal mechanisms through which father-child attachment affects academic burnout in college students from personal traits and interpersonal perspectives.
Decoding emotional responses to AI-generated architectural imagery
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Fort Josep M. , Giménez Mateu Lluis
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The integration of AI in architectural design represents a significant shift toward creating emotionally resonant spaces. This research investigates AI's ability to evoke specific emotional responses through architectural imagery and examines the impact of professional training on emotional interpretation.

Methods

We utilized Midjourney AI software to generate images based on direct and metaphorical prompts across two architectural settings: home interiors and museum exteriors. A survey was designed to capture participants' emotional responses to these images, employing a scale that rated their immediate emotional reaction. The study involved 789 university students, categorized into architecture majors (Group A) and non-architecture majors (Group B), to explore differences in emotional perception attributable to educational background.

Results

Findings revealed that AI is particularly effective in depicting joy, especially in interior settings. However, it struggles to accurately convey negative emotions, indicating a gap in AI's emotional range. Architecture students exhibited a greater sensitivity to emotional nuances in the images compared to non-architecture students, suggesting that architectural training enhances emotional discernment. Notably, the study observed minimal differences in the perception of emotions between direct and metaphorical prompts among architecture students, indicating a consistent emotional interpretation across prompt types.

Conclusion

AI holds significant promise in creating spaces that resonate on an emotional level, particularly in conveying positive emotions like joy. The study contributes to the understanding of AI's role in architectural design, emphasizing the importance of emotional intelligence in creating spaces that reflect human experiences. Future research should focus on expanding AI's emotional range and further exploring the impact of architectural training on emotional perception.
A network analysis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD, emotional processing, and dissociative experiences in the context of psychological trauma at different developmental stages
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra , Dehghani Mahmood , Fathali Lavasani Fahimeh , Farahani Hojjatollah , Ashouri Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Objective

Traumatic experiences are a significant risk factor for psychological disturbances, including disorders such as complex posttraumatic stress disorder, emotion-processing problems, and trauma-related dissociative experiences. The present investigation examined the coexistence of these symptoms using a network analysis model.

Method

This study included a sample of 406 people referred to comprehensive health centers in Tehran from September to December 2023 with psychopathological syndromes. Variables were assessed using The International Trauma Questionnaire, International Measurement of Exposure to Traumatic Event checklist, Baker Emotional Processing Questionnaire, and Dissociative Experiences. A regularized partial correlation network and Glasso algorithm, in combination with Extended Bayesian information criteria, were applied to estimate the network structure.

Results

Signs of unprocessed emotions and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were the most important symptoms in the symptom network, forming strong connections with other nodes. Thereby, these two symptoms can be regarded as the most important clinical manifestations in the symptom network following traumatic experiences. Three distinct symptom communities were identified: the community of traumatic experiences (childhood, adolescence, adulthood), the community of dissociative experiences (amnesia, depersonalization/derealization, and absorption), and the community of emotional processing (suppression, unpleasant emotional experience, Signs of unprocessed emotions, avoidance, and emotional control, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms). The strongest edges observed were between childhood trauma-adolescence trauma (0.473) in the community of traumatic experiences, between amnesia and depersonalization/derealization (0.644) in the community of dissociative experiences, and between disturbance in self-organization symptoms and unprocessed emotions (0.324) in the community of emotional processing, indicating the recurrent occurrence of these symptoms.

Conclusion

In this study, disturbance in self-organization symptoms was identified as the central psychopathologic symptom in individuals experiencing traumas at different developmental stages. It seems that adolescent trauma and not childhood trauma plays a more decisive role in the symptoms that a person manifests after traumatic experiences. Also, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were recognized in the cluster of emotional processing symptoms and can have substantial roles in prioritizing therapeutic measures.
The automated Greulich and Pyle: a coming-of-age for segmental methods?
Authors: Chapke Rashmi , Mondkar Shruti , Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Vaman , Aeppli Tim R. J. , Sävendahl Lars , Kajale Neha , Ladkat Dipali , Khadilkar Anuradha , Goel Pranay
Published: March 2024

The well-known Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of bone age assessment (BAA) relies on comparing a hand X-ray against templates of discrete maturity classes collected in an atlas. Automated methods have recently shown great success with BAA, especially using deep learning. In this perspective, we first review the success and limitations of various automated BAA methods. We then offer a novel hypothesis: When networks predict bone age that is not aligned with a GP reference class, it is not simply statistical error (although there is that as well); they are picking up nuances in the hand X-ray that lie “outside that class.” In other words, trained networks predict distributions around classes. This raises a natural question: How can we further understand the reasons for a prediction to deviate from the nominal class age? We claim that segmental aging, that is, ratings based on characteristic bone groups can be used to qualify predictions. This so-called segmental GP method has excellent properties: It can not only help identify differential maturity in the hand but also provide a systematic way to extend the use of the current GP atlas to various other populations.
The Cycle of Stress: From Individuals to the World and Back
Authors: Vodovotz Yoram , Arciero Julia , Verschure Paul F. M. J. , Katz David L.
Published: March 2024

Stress is a feeling of being worried, scared, or overwhelmed, caused by challenging situations or big life changes. Not all stress is bad, and some kinds of stress, like exercise, can even be good for us. However, when stress is severe or lasts a long time, it can harm our health. Severe stress causes inflammation, which is the body’s way of protecting itself. Inflammation helps the body heal, but long-lasting inflammation can lead to health problems. Stress can also affect the brain, making it hard to think clearly or make good decisions. In our work, we linked all these stress-related factors together (using math) to explain our hypothesis that stress can spread from person to person through our actions, words, and body language—and even over social media—until it affects whole societies and eventually the entire planet! This is a dangerous cycle that can lead to even more stress and inflammation, making problems worse. To break the cycle, we each need to focus on reducing stress in our own lives.
Evaluation of the applicability of GARDskin to predict skin sensitizers in extracts from medical device materials
Authors: Jenvert Rose-Marie , Larne Olivia , Johansson Angelica , Berglin Mattias , Pedersen Emma , Johansson Henrik
Published: March 2024

Biocompatibility testing of medical devices is governed by the ISO 10993 series of standards and includes evaluation of skin sensitization potential of the final product. A majority of all medical devices are tested using in vivo methods, largely due to the lack of in vitro methods validated within the applicability domain of solid materials. The GARDskin method for assessment of chemical skin sensitizers is a validated method included in the OECD Test Guideline 442E, based on evaluation of transcriptional patterns of an endpoint-specific genomic biomarker signature in a dendritic cell-like cell, following test chemical exposure. The current study aimed to evaluate the applicability of GARDskin for the purpose of testing solid materials by incorporation of extraction procedures described in ISO 10993-12:2021, as well as to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed protocols, by testing of custom-made materials spiked with sensitizing agents. It was shown that GARDskin is compatible with both polar and non-polar extraction vehicles frequently used for the purpose of medical device biological testing. Further, exploring three different material types spiked with up to four different sensitizing agents, as well as three unspiked control materials and commercial reference products, it was shown that the method correctly classified all evaluated test materials. Taken together, the data presented suggest that GARDskin may constitute a valid alternative to in vivo experimentation for the purpose of skin sensitization assessment of medical devices.
Construction and characterization of a reverse genetics system of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3c as a tool for rapid screening of antivirals in vitro
Authors: Han Yu , Lu Kejia , Zhang Riteng , Wei Xi , Guo Hanwei , Tong Lina , Wang Xinglong , Xiao Sa , Liu Haijin , Yang Zengqi
Published: March 2024

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a key pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). However, its specific pathogenesis mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Reverse genetics provides a useful method for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of BPIV3. To ensure the functionality of the rescue platforms, we first constructed a minigenome (MG) system of BPIV3 utilizing a 5-plasmid system in this investigation. Then, a full-length infection clone of BPIV3 was obtained from the SX-2021 strain, and different methods were employed to identify the rescued virus. Additionally, we recovered a recombinant BPIV3 using the reverse genetics system that could express enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP). Through the growth curve assays, the replicate capability of rBPIV3-SX-EGFP was found to be similar to that of the parental virus. Subsequently, the rBPIV3-SX-EGFP was used to determine the antiviral activity of ribavirin. The results showed that ribavirin had an anti-BPIV3 effect in MDBK cells. In conclusion, the successful development of a reverse genetic system for the SX-2021 strain establishes a foundation for future studies on BPIV3, including investigations into its pathogenic mechanism, gene function, and antiviral screening properties.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics and Associated Factors to Mortality in Neonates with Birth Asphyxia: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Vu Thi Dieu Huong , Tran Binh Thang
Published: March 2024

Aims: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and to investigate associated factors with mortality of birth asphyxia.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on a total of 120 asphyxiated neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Results: Severe asphyxia was observed in 33.3%, and moderate asphyxia in 66.7% of the cases. The mortality rate was 19.2%. The common clinical features: apnea/gasping (45.8%), hypothermia (37.5%), lethargy (33.0%). The serious clinical signs: abnormal heart rate (15.8%), gastrointestinal bleeding (13.3%), oliguria and anuria (17.5%). The laboratory findings showed hypoglycemia (30.8%), elevated SGOT (45.0%), serum creatinine > 133 µmol/l (31.7%), hyponatremia (35.0%), hypocalcemia (65.8%), elevated lactate > 5mmol/l (53.6%). The factors that increased the risk of mortality in neonatal asphyxia were Apgar score at 5 min ≤ 5, seizure/coma, need for mechanical ventilation, serum creatinine > 133 µmol/l, liver injury, and lactate ≥ 5 mmol/l.

Conclusion: The mortality rate is still high, and elevated serum creatinine, elevated liver enzymes, elevated lactate, and low 5-minute Apgar scores increase the risk of death in asphyxiated neonates.

Key words: birth asphyxia, mortality, risk factors, neonates.
Film Tourism, Creative Process and Territorial Entrepreneurship
Authors: Lopes Eunice , Simões Jorge , Duarte Eunice , Pacheco Ana , Loureiro Rúben
Published: March 2024

Recognition of the potential of film tourism was manifested by deepening knowledge of this market, given the cultural and tourist dynamics developed, but also through the creation of new tourism products specific to this sector. Film tourism, that is, the tourist activity associated with cinema and television, has been of increasing interest for the promotion of territories. In contemporary times, the interconnections between tourism, space, and media have generated interest, recognizing the occurrence of a distinct type of behaviour, activity, and tourist experience associated with this tourist segment that, through creativity, is manifested in academic entrepreneurship. The parameters of film tourism are multidimensional, generating territorial impacts, but also opportunities and challenges associated with the management and marketing of tourist destinations. Film tourism must be looked at, not only from a demand perspective but also from a supply perspective. This is because cinematographic tourism developed from opportunities generated by cinema understood in this study as an agent that induces travel to cultural and tourist destinations. In this study, carried out geographically in the centre of Portugal, the aim is to present a case study related to cinematographic tourism through the mapping of filming and scenarios where film scenes were recorded in heritage resources, in their relationship with the enhancement of cultural and tourist experience. The main objectives of this study include an approach to film tourism as a factor of entrepreneurship in the territory and verifying the importance of film scenarios in heritage resources as factors of attractiveness and cultural and tourist enjoyment. To achieve both objectives, a quantitative analysis was carried out on residents of a territory where film scenes were recorded. The conclusions identify that the recording of filmic scenes encourages interest in heritage and cultural spaces, with a greater dynamization of these spaces for tourist appropriation and, in turn, the incentive to the creative process and territorial entrepreneurship.
Challenges and Opportunities Facing Ecotourism in Sub-Saharan Africa from Climate Change Desertification
Authors: Mullikin Thomas
Published: March 2024

This study explores one aspect of the macro-atmospheric phenomenon of amplified climate change that is causing significant micro manifestation challenges in one of the most fragile ecosystems on earth, sub-Saharan Africa.  The micro manifestation of desertification impacts humans, flora, and fauna all of whom already struggle to survive in these areas. Desertification in turn effects ecotourism. Desertification is a type of land degradation in which biological productivity is reduced and where fertile areas become arid. Desertification causes the loss of vegetation and food for livestock and humans and a decrease in drinking water reserves. Our examination researches the extents of desertification in the area and the effect it is having on ecotourism.  We explore the strategies for proper ecotourism management and planning that are being utilized to offset these effects and explore how these strategies can and are being utilized to offset these effects and even supply numerous economic resources for government, private sector, and local groups to help improve living conditions and quality of life. Ecotourism in these unique ecosystems that are impacted by climatic changes provide a meaningful opportunity to enhance the lives of host communities and protect the environment.  During a recent visit to Namibia, I found residents who are utilizing innovative strategies such as solar energy, rainwater collection and other innovations to protect the ecosystem, wildlife and environment and allow them to continue to continue to host ecotourists and provide services. Resources for ecotourism in deserts are made of the mutual effect of topography, climate, water, wildlife, plant type and density. Previous studies have shown that if ecotourism is properly managed and planned, it has the potential for numerous economic resources for the local community.  We examine the extent of desertification in these semi-arid deserts, the planning and management of ecotourism activities, and the role that education of these ecosystems could provide for additional economic resources and ecological protection.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Behavior in the Food VS Clothing Sectors
Authors: Sousa Pereira Manuel , Cardoso António , Graça Eduarda , Leal Ana , Cairrão Alvaro
Published: March 2024

The global covid-19 pandemic situation has led to significant changes in consumption habits. Thus, the present work has as its main objective to analyze the impact of the pandemic on consumer behavior at the time of purchase, more precisely in the food and clothing sector. In order to carry out this investigation, we used a quantitative approach methodology, which was materialized in a questionnaire survey, having obtained a sample of 212 individuals. Based on the results, it was possible to identify that the changes that occurred due to the pandemic, indirectly or directly, affected the behavior of consumers at the time of purchase.
Improving environmental sustainability in Hospitality and Tourism: the key strategies
Authors: Oliveira Mónica , Silva Susana , Silva Cândida
Published: March 2024

The Hotel and Tourism Industry has experienced profound changes in recent years and has been one of the sectors most affected by COVID-19.  With the return of tourist activity, many companies went back to their normal routines, but the sector has changed dramatically. Tourists have new expectations, needs, and priorities, and sustainability is the one that is most emphasised, particularly when it comes to excessive water consumption, misuse of energy, and poorly utilised waste. The industry has a unique opportunity to recognise the importance of sustainability and define strategies to guarantee customer satisfaction, in symbiosis with environmental concerns and the preservation of the planet for future generations.

This study aims to characterise the good strategies and practices for environmental sustainability in Hospitality and Tourism, namely in terms of energy, water, and waste. The purpose is to present the procedures and processes that lead to greater sustainability performance and to accomplish this a focus group was organised, with 2 hospitality stakeholders, 2 environmental groups stakeholders, and 2 VET (Vocational Education and Training) stakeholders, to discuss and identify the main factors directly related to the excessive use of water and energy and the poor treatment of waste and ranked by the participants. The meeting was done face-to-face, lasted 3 hours, and was based on their expertise and good practices. The Hospitality and Tourism Industry is conscious of its ecological footprint, namely in terms of energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste management. Considering energy, some examples were given such as electricity-saving practices, using LED bulbs, occupancy sensors, and automatic light controls. With respect to water, it is mandatory to install low-slip faucets and shower heads, reduce laundry and cleaning, and recycle water that can be reused for irrigation or toilet flushing, reducing the use of fresh water.

The research presented contributions to the growing Knowledge on this topic, and the findings propose a straightforward guide for managers in the Hospitality and Tourism industry. Further research is endorsed to reinforce the value of environmental sustainability and to involve a greater range of stakeholders with different profiles in the sector.
Cooking Up a Sustainable Future: insights of Circular Economy in the Restaurants
Authors: Melo António , Maia Beatriz , Silva Susana , Silva Goretti , Azevedo Daniel , Camões Henrique , Melo Carla
Published: March 2024

Restaurants increasingly prioritize promoting sustainability within their kitchen’s operations, focusing their offers on valuing raw materials as a central point of gastronomy, thus highlighting the importance of local, responsible consumption and respect for nature and the environment. The Circular Economy (CE) emerges as a new sustainability paradigm, uncovering valuable opportunities for organizations and customers, in harmony with the environment. This study aims to characterize good sustainable and circular practices in the restaurant sector, understanding how endogenous products can enhance food waste reduction. Through a qualitative methodology, nine semi-structured exploratory interviews were carried out with restaurant experts, to gain in-depth knowledge into sustainable and CE practices used in restaurants. By conducting a thematic analysis, three main themes emerged 'Positioning and Branding,' 'Circular Economy,' and 'Product and Food Waste'. 'Positioning and Branding' covers the evolution of an eco-conscious mindset in organizations, from the inception of sustainable thinking to the imperative for change. It emerges from the categories: ´Organization, actions, and partnerships’, ‘Challenges and success factors’, and ‘Awareness’. The theme 'Circular Economy,' presents circular practices within daily restaurant operations, their understanding of circular concepts, and the progress made in adopting these behaviors. It arises from three categories: ‘Circularity’, ‘Resource Management’ and ‘Transition’. The 'Product and Food Waste' theme addresses concerns related to product and food waste, including supplier selection, innovative gastronomic offerings, and food waste minimization strategies. It is based on the categories: ‘Suppliers and Raw Materials’, ‘Food Waste Minimization”, and ‘Gastronomic Offer’.The findings reveal a growing awareness of the need for sustainability and circular practices in the restaurant sector. Organizations are actively seeking ways to reduce food waste, optimize sourcing, best operating procedures and offer more sustainable menus representing significant progress toward a more sustainable future in the restaurant business.
Leveraging Major Sport Events’ Success Towards Positioning Qatar as a Sport Tourism Destination
Authors: Yaqot Mohammed , Menezes Brenno , Swart Kamilla
Published: March 2024

Through substantial investments in the sports sector, Qatar has solidified its position as a prominent global sport events destination. Notably recognised for hosting the monumental 2006 Asian Games, this marked the inception of Qatar's evolution into a hub for sport tourism. Since then, Qatar has successfully hosted several large-scale international sporting events, culminating in the historic hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. This trajectory continues with Qatar securing bids for forthcoming events such as the 2027 FIBA Basketball Cup and the 2030 Asian Games. Despite earlier unsuccessful bids for the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016 and 2020, Qatar remains committed to upholding its exceptional hosting legacy. This study seeks to discern the critical dimensions contributing to successful hosting and their broader impact on the host country. Drawing insights from a critical review of past events, including comparative analyses with FIFA World Cups from 2022, 2018, and 2014, this research aims to identify common key indicators and their influence on local communities. By discerning these elements, the study endeavours to craft a roadmap for hosting major sporting events, addressing challenges, and leveraging supporting factors. The outcomes will offer prospective agendas and recommendations intended to bolster Qatar's strategic positioning as a competitive international sport tourism destination. For aspiring nations like Qatar, these large-scale sporting events serve as catalysts for sustainable impacts that transcend the event itself.
Perception towards Cervical Cancer Insurance Policy: A Study on Women in Barishal City
Authors: Lata Rabeya Sultana
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research paper is to assess the perception of urban women towards having an insurance policy as a precaution against cervical cancer. Data required for the research have been collected from primary data source taking into consideration total 170 female as respondents who have been living in Barishal city with at least 18 years old. Frequency distribution has been used to explain the response of 27 questions comprising demographic and financial aspect of the respondents. Reliability of the survey has been tested by Cronbach's Alpha with satisfied value of more than 0.705. Moreover, a regression analysis has been used for finding out the most significant factors influencing the willingness of purchasing cervical cancer insurance policy in near future covering 7 relevant variables. Overall, it has been found that approximately 23% respondents from the surveyed sample has a history to be encountered with cervical problems like ovarian cyst, uterus infection etc. However, most of them neither had any screening nor have any health insurance policy as a precaution against cancer. Moreover, significant number of participants are willing to purchase a cancer insurance policy if it is with a very reasonable premium.
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: Own Clinical Observation, Literature Review
Authors: Рушкевич Ю.Н. , Труханова И.С. , Павловская Т.С. , Лихачев С.А. , Анацкая Л.Н. , Ходулев В.И. , Астапенко А.В. , Гвищ Т.Г. , Клюнчик С.Г. , Корбут Т.В. , Григорович Т.В.
Published: March 2024

Миастенический синдром Ламберта – Итона относится к редким аутоиммунным заболеваниям нервно-мышечной передачи, при котором происходит образование антител против потенциалзависимых кальциевых каналов пресинаптических нервных окончаний. Выделяют паранеопластическую и аутоиммунную формы данного заболевания. Чаще всего встречается паранеопластическая форма миастенического синдрома Ламберта – Итона. Диагностика данного заболевания осуществляется на основании жалоб и клиники: мышечной слабости, снижения глубоких рефлексов, вегетативной дисфункции, выявления антител к потенциалзависимым кальциевым каналам типа P/Q и данных электронейромиографии. Диагностика и лечение миастенического синдрома Ламберта – Итона вызывают значительные сложности, что обусловлено редкостью патологии, неспецифичностью клинической картины, малой доступностью лабораторного подтверждения, высокой вероятностью выявления онкопатологии. В статье изложен современный обзор литературы и представлен клинический случай с результатами собственного диагностического поиска.

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease of neuromuscular transmission in which antibodies are formed against voltage-gated calcium channels at presynaptic nerve endings. There are paraneoplastic and autoimmune forms of this disease. The most common paraneoplastic form of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome occurs. Diagnosis of this disease is carried out on the basis of complaints and clinical picture: muscle weakness, decreased deep reflexes, autonomic dysfunction, detection of antibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels of the P/Q type and electroneuromyography data. Diagnosis and treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome causes significant difficulties, which is due to the rarity of the pathology, the non-specificity of the clinical picture, the low availability of laboratory confirmation, and the high probability of detecting oncopathology. The article presents a modern review of the literature and presents a clinical case with the results of our own diagnostic search.
Diverse Parkinsonism
Authors: Рушкевич Ю.Н. , Семенова А.И. , Павловская Т.С. , Лихачев С.А. , Антоненко Д.А. , Гвищ Т.Г. , Клюнчик С.Г.
Published: March 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема дифференциальной диагностики болезни Паркинсона и вторичного паркинсонизма. Выделяются факторы, способствующие развитию процесса нейродегенерации. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию токсических веществ на нервную систему, так как этот вопрос мало изучен и требует дальнейших исследований.

The article deals with the problem of differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and secondary parkinsonism. The factors contributing to the development of the neurodegeneration process are highlighted. Particular attention is focused on the effect of toxic substances on the nervous system, as this issue is little studied and requires further research.
Diversity Of Insect Pests And Natural Enemies In Green Bean (Vigna Radiata) Plantations In Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, East Malaka
Authors: Manek Fransiska , Harini Titik Sri , Nenotek Petronella
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted in Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, Malaka Regency from May to July 2023, aiming to determine the types of insect pests and natural enemies in mung beans. Data collection was carried out using direct observation techniques on mung bean plants and sampling using several traps. The types of traps used were pitfall trap, swepnet, yellow sticky trap, swing net and light trap. Sampling was done diagonally to determine the sample unit. The number of observation plots in the field is 3 observation plots. in 1 plot there are 5 sample units and a total of 3 observation plots there are 15 aub plots observed. Insect pests found on mung bean in the research location have three roles, namely as pests, predators and parasitoids. Species that act as pests consist of Artherigona exigua, Nezara viridula L, Aphis craccivora, Halyomopha halys, Riptortus linearis, Adoretus sp. and Gralliclava horrens. Insects that act as predators consist of Menochilus sexmaculatus, Coccinella transversalis, Orthhetrum sabina, Iscunara senegalensis. While insects that act as parasitoids are Tiphia femorata. The highest population found at the research site was Aphis craccivora which amounted to 315 individuals and the lowest population was Graliclava horrens with a total of 7 individuals. The value of the diversity index in mung bean plants is classified as moderate, namely 1.89.

Keywords: diversity, insects, mung bean, identification.
KAJIAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI OESAPA BARAT, KELAPA LIMA, KOTA KUPANG, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Sipayung Roni
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan hutan mangrove yang berada pada kawasan wisata dan berdekatan dengan pemukiman. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dalam Kawasan Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Oesapa Barat, Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan jalur sistematik pada Kawasan Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Oesapa Barat dengan metode pengukuran dan pengamatan kualitas perairan menggunakan alat refraktometer, pH meter digital, TDS meter, thermometer, dan tongkat. Dengan menggunakan alat-alat tersebut didapatkan parameter kualitas perairan seperti, salinitas, derajat keasaman, kejernihan, ketebalan substrat dan suhu perairan hutan mangrove. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif berupa grafik parameter kualitas perairan.. Nilai rerata parameter yang diukur yaitu: salinitas sebesar 29,11 per mil, derajat keasaman sebesar 4,72, padatan terlarut (TDS) sebesar 558, 66 mg/l, suhu sebesar 270C, dan ketebalan lumpur sebesar 30 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan di Kawasan Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Oesapa Barat, Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur tergolong tercemar. Kondisi, pH, suhu, dan padatan terlarut tidak baik untuk kehidupan biota perairan maupun vegetasi mangrove.
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FEED POTENTIAL OF TIMOR DEER (Rusa timorensis) IN THE FOREST AREA WITH THE SPECIAL PURPOSE OF OELSONBAI AND ITS SURROUNDINGS FATUKOA VILLAGE, MAULAFA DISTRICT, KUPANG CITY.
Authors: Luruk Wilgis , Riwu Kaho Ludji Michael , Riwu Kaho Norman P.L.B.
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to determine the distribution, availability of feed and types of feed, the amount of feeding, and the frequency of feeding the Timor deer in KHDTK Oelsonbai, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research was conducted at KHDTK Oelsonbai, Fatukoa Village, Maulafa sub-district, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research was carried out for 2 months, from June to August 2021. This study used the roaming method for the distribution of deer feed, the Vegetation analysis method for the availability of feed and types of feed, and the palatability calculation method to determine the amount of deer feed. The results showed that the distribution of deer feed inside and outside the area was spread over each observation plot. At locations within the area there were 207 points found, while outside the area there were 130 points. the availability of feed inside and outside the area, which is found in several types of vegetation that have the highest INP value, namely lamtoro (Leucaena Leucochephala) and the lowest INP is kesambi (Schleichera oleosa).
ANALYSIS OF LONG-TAILED MONKEY ROAMING AREA (Macaca fascicularis) IN MENIPO NATURAL TOURISM PARK, ENORAEN VILLAGE, EAST AMARASI SUBDISTRICT, KUPANG REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
Authors: Tukan Jimilus , Purnama Maria M. E. , Riwu Kaho No P.L.B.
Published: March 2024

monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). This research was conducted at Menipo Natural Tourism Park (NTP), Enoraen Village, East Amarasi Subdistrict, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara which was conducted for 1 month, from September to October 2021. The study used Zoatrack's WebGIS method, which determined Macaca’s home range using Minimum Concex Polygon (MCP) method and core area using Kernel Utilization Distribution. Moreover, the analysis of data were conducted with statistics descriptive analysis. The results showed that the home range that has been analyzed using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) is 142.45 ha and this area of long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) home range lies in almost all of the Menipo NTP area with its forest characteristics that consists of dry forests, brackish forests, and coastal forests. The results of the core area analysis using Kernel Utilization Distribution showed that the area of the core area was 53.63 Ha. The results of the core area also shows that there is one particular of core area that is often visited by long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). This is due to the abundance of food and trees as their resting place in the Menipo NTP area.