bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cincinasura, a new genus for Miltochrista synestramena Hampson (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) with a new species from Indonesia
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL
Published: July 2021

The new genus Cincinasura gen. n. is described for the type species Asura synestramena Hampson, 1900. A new species, Cincinasura cyclophora sp. n. is described from the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia). A new combination is established: Cincinasura synestramena (Hampson, 1900), comb. n. Adults together with male and female genitalia of the new and similar genera are illustrated.
Two new Micronola Amsel, 1935 from China and Malaysia (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae, Micronoctuini). Taxonomic study of Micronoctuini. Contribution III.
Authors: HAN HUI LIN , KONONENKO VLADIMIR S.
Published: July 2021

N/A
The DEPARTS Score: A Novel Tool for Predicting Discharge Disposition in Geriatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Yeates Eric O. , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine M. , Nguyen Ninh T. , Inaba Kenji , Dolich Matthew , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: July 2021

Background

Geriatric trauma patients (GTPs) represent a high-risk population for needing post-acute care, such as skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and long-term acute care hospitals (LTACs), due to a combination of traumatic injuries and baseline functional health. As there is currently no well-established tool for predicting these needs, we aimed to create a scoring tool that predicts disposition to SNFs/LTACs in GTPs.

Methods

The adult 2017 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was divided at random into two equal sized sets (derivation and validation sets) of GTPs >65 years old. First, multiple logistic regression models were created to determine risk factors for discharge to a SNF/LTAC in admitted GTPs. Second, the weighted average and relative impact of each independent predictor was used to derive a DEPARTS ( Discharge of Elderly Patients After Recent Trauma to SNF/LTAC) score. We then validated the score using the area under the receiver-operating curve (AROC).

Results

Of 66 479 patients in the derivation set, 36 944 (55.6%) were discharged to a SNF/LTAC. Number of comorbidities, fall mechanism, spinal cord injury, long bone fracture, and major surgery were each independent predictors for discharge to SNF/LTAC, and a DEPARTS score was derived with scores ranging from 0 to 19. The AROC for this was .74. In the validation set, 66 477 patients also had a SNF/LTAC discharge rate of 55.7%, and the AROC was .74.

Discussion

The DEPARTS score is a good predictor of SNF/LTAC discharge for GTPs. Future prospective studies are warranted to validate its accuracy and clinical utility in preventing delays in discharge.
The Relationship Between AKI in Patients With STEMI and Short-Term Mortality: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Meng Zhongyuan , Zhao Yaxin , Zheng Xifeng , He Yan
Published: July 2021

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor long-term outcome. However, the short-term prognosis of AKI in patients with ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) needs to be explored further. We assessed this relationship between these patients and short-term mortality in relation to AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD). All data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves, logistic regression models, and propensity score matching analysis were used to evaluate the associations between AKI in patients with STEMI and outcomes. A total of 1031 patients with STEMI met the inclusion criteria. For 28-day mortality, in the multivariable logistic regression models, the odds ratio (95% CI) of group 2 (AKI but no CKD) and group 3 (AKI in the presence of CKD) were 3.24 (1.46-7.18) and 4.57 (1.83-11.37), respectively, compared with group 1 (no AKI and no CKD). Comorbid AKI increased the risk of short-term mortality among patients with STEMI, especially for those with AKI in the presence of CKD.
Moral rights and the meaning of torture: a response to Nigel Biggar
Authors: Clem Stewart
Published: July 2021

This article challenges Nigel Biggar’s claim that there are no natural moral rights. Focusing on Biggar’s analysis of torture, I argue that he does not give adequate consideration to the possibility of intrinsically wrong actions. This oversight not only leads to a problematic, consequentialist analysis of torture—it also weakens his argument against the possibility of absolute rights.
How do lipids influence risk of violence, self-harm and suicidality in people with psychosis? A systematic review
Authors: Sen Piyal , Adewusi Danielle , Blakemore Alexandra I , Kumari Veena
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

Low cholesterol has been linked with violent and suicidal behaviour in people with schizophrenia. This association, if consistently present, may be a promising biological marker that could assist clinicians in decision making regarding risk and treatment. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether there is a reliable association between lipid profile (total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and aggression, self-harm or suicide in people with schizophrenia, and whether effects are similar in males and females.

Method:

Relevant databases were searched to identify primary research studies (up to November 2020) that (1) involved adults (some samples also included 16- to 18-year olds) with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychosis; and (2) included a standardised assessment of verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, physical aggression against self (including suicide) or others. The search yielded 23 studies eligible for inclusion following a quality appraisal.

Results:

Suicidality was the most commonly assessed subtype of aggression (20 studies). For suicidality, about half the studies, including the study with the largest sample size, found a link with total cholesterol. An association between low total cholesterol and violence towards others was found in six of nine studies that investigated this. The evidence for a link with violence was the strongest for total cholesterol, followed by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the weakest for triglycerides. Only a few studies investigated sex differences and yielded mixed evidence. Studies focussed on self-harm as well as involving females in forensic settings were lacking.

Conclusion:

There is encouraging evidence of an association between low total cholesterol and aggression towards others as well as suicidality in schizophrenia. Future studies should systematically explore this association in people with schizophrenia who have a significant history of violence, suicidality and self-harm, both inpatients and community, and also investigate underlying mechanisms.
Stability of Compounded Digoxin Solution 0.05 mg/mL for Injection
Authors: Friciu Mihaela , Marcelin Ruth Bernine , Bédard Pascal , Forest Jean-Marc , Leclair Grégoire
Published: July 2021

Background: In 2015, commercial pediatric digoxin injection 0.05 mg/mL was discontinued, leaving only one adult concentration (0.25 mg/mL) for injection on the Canadian market. No published studies have documented the chemical stability over a long period of time of a diluted solution of digoxin for injection. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the chemical stability of 2 digoxin injection formulations 0.05 mg/mL diluted in 2 vehicles stored at 5°C or a 25°C. Methods: The compounded solution of digoxin 0.05 mg/mL for injection was prepared with digoxin 0.25 mg/mL after dilution in 2 different vehicles, normal saline, and a compounding of the commercial vehicle. Half of the compounding products were stored in 2 mL transparent glass vials at 25°C and the other half at 5°C. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC–UV analysis on days 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 for each temperature conditions. In addition, samples were tested for organoleptic change, presence of particular matter as well as sterility. Results: For all tested preparations, the concentration of digoxin remained above 90.0% of the initial concentration throughout the 180-day study. Furthermore, no organoleptic change was observed; particulate matter assessment was in acceptable range; and sterility specifications were met. Conclusions: Digoxin 0.05 mg/mL obtained with a dilution of digoxin 0.25 mg/mL by normal saline or a copy of the commercial vehicle remained stable for at least 180 days at 5°C and 25°C.
A critical review of the definition of ‘wellbeing’ for doctors and their patients in a post Covid-19 era
Authors: Simons Gemma , Baldwin David S
Published: July 2021

Background:

There is no international consensus definition of ‘wellbeing’. This has led to wellbeing being captured in many different ways.

Aims:

To construct an inclusive, global operational definition of wellbeing.

Methods:

The differences between wellbeing components and determinants and the terms used interchangeably with wellbeing, such as health, are considered from the perspective of a doctor. The philosophies underpinning wellbeing and modern wellbeing research theories are discussed in terms of their appropriateness in an inclusive definition.

Results:

An operational definition is proposed that is not limited to doctors, but universal, and inclusive: ‘Wellbeing is a state of positive feelings and meeting full potential in the world. It can be measured subjectively and objectively, using a salutogenic approach’.

Conclusions:

This operational definition allows the differentiation of wellbeing from terms such as quality of life and emphasises that in the face of global challenges people should still consider wellbeing as more than the absence of pathology.
Evangelicals and a Theological Response to Globalization: A Commentary on Particularized Issues
Authors: Buck Jennifer M.
Published: July 2021

This article invites a vision of the Western Evangelical church standing in contrast to globalization particularly through a consideration of its capitalistic economic system. By considering personhood, and how economic exploitation has done violence to those on the margins of society, this work will address the commodification of human beings that has become normative as a result of globalization. A stronger call will be given for activists and theological voices within the church to begin with addressing the image of God in one another, the structures of sin in earthly society, and the church’s faithful imagination in order to consider an alternative economic system in the Kingdom of God.
Queer Families: Effect and Effectivity of a Reformed Theology
Authors: Wirth Mathias
Published: July 2021

In light of the Protestant valorization of a liberal way of life and the related call for concretization of the individual, this study’s objectives are threefold: (1) in exposing the “queer” aspects of different family types and (2) the denominational concept of “reformation”—the latter being the more sensational of the two—(3) the homology of these two discoveries should be discussed. Does the connection between “queer and family” and “queer and reformed” make a queer understanding of reformed family possible? Furthermore, does an ethical perspective support or oppose such a pairing? A concretion should be added to this analysis using the example of marriage equality, a topic that has also been discussed in Reformed churches. This article argues that problems with justice are not created by queer families or marriage equality, but rather by restrictive models of family and marriage.
Theological Imagination in a Throwaway Society: Contending with Waste
Authors: Lang Hearlson Christiane
Published: July 2021

This article treats the topic of consumer waste by beginning with a contemporary story that illustrates the reality and complex dynamics of throwaway culture. Noting the dynamic quality of waste, it offers a brief review of the development of throwaway society. Beginning in a preindustrial world in which the battle against “moth and rust” required habits of reuse and repair, or what cultural historian Susan Strasser refers to as bricolage, it then traces changes in “natural” and “temporal” imaginaries, as well as economic and technological factors, that rendered obsolete the cultural skills and imaginative capacities of bricolage. Having argued that forgetting and loss of imagination are key to waste-making, it offers two Christian responses that schools and faith communities might practice: “material anamnesis” and “redemptive vision.”
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in paediatric scrub typhus
Authors: Loganathan Sathish K , Jaybhaye Amol , Dash Nabaneeta , Punnen Anu , Ghosh Urmi , Rose Winsley
Published: July 2021

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening complication of scrub typhus; we sought to describe its mortality and associated factors, namely eschar, hepatomegaly and severe thrombocytopenia, in a retrospective study in India of 65 children.
How and Why U.S. Single-Family Housing Became an Investor Asset Class
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: July 2021

Having historically been avoided by institutional financial investors, U.S. single-family housing—that is, free-standing residential property—received large investment inflows after the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 to rapidly become a substantial asset class. Why? And why then? The materialization of an unprecedented investment opportunity—large stocks of cheap, favorably located urban housing—was certainly pivotal. But the attractiveness of that opportunity was enhanced by a series of parallel and (for investors) propitious historical shifts in four key realms: technology, finance, housing supply, and ideas. In short, the investment transformation that occurred was “overdetermined.” The article develops this argument with a focus on investment by the firm that led the way: the Blackstone Group.
Correlation between universities’ Altmetric Attention Scores and their performance scores in Nature Index, Leiden, Times Higher Education and Quacquarelli Symonds ranking systems
Authors: Moshtagh Maryam , Sotudeh Hajar
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Altmetrics are claimed to measure the scientific, societal, educational, technological and economic impacts of science. They have some of these dimensions in common with university ranking and evaluating systems. Their results are, therefore, expected to be partially convergent with the systems’. Given the importance of the scientific and non-scientific impacts of science, this study investigated the correlations of universities’ altmetrics with their total and dimensional scores in Nature Index, Leiden, Times Higher Education (THE) and Quacquarelli Symonds (QS).

Methodology:

Following a correlational design, it explored an available sample of the universities commonly ranked in the systems in 2017. The data were collected from online documents using checklists and analysed by the Spearman correlation. As Altmetric Attention Score (ASS) is efficient in that it integrates several indicators into a single one, it was used as the proxy of the universities’ social performance.

Findings:

The universities showed significant positive correlations between their ASSs and their performance scores on the total and dimensional levels, except for industry income in THE, with an insignificant correlation, and proportion of collaborative publication less than 100 km. in Leiden, with an inverse correlation. The correlations ranged from weak to marginally strong.

Conclusion:

The positive relationships between the universities’ performance and ASSs signified that there existed some similarities in what they measured. However, they were of weak-to-marginally strong powers, implying that the metrics differed in what they measured. The findings contribute to the existing knowledge by providing some evidence of convergence between university-level altmetrics and university performances in various dimensions.
Mothers’ Support Preferences With Their Chronically Ill Child’s Health Care Team
Authors: Rafferty Katherine A. , Nemmers-Bello Stephanie , Tietz Sydney , Lipovac Melissa
Published: July 2021

Children living with medical complexities are a growing population in the United States. Supportive pediatric health care team members are arguably the single most important factor in helping mothers manage their child’s multifaceted condition. To better understand what constitutes helpful support from health care team members, we interviewed 17 mothers affiliated with a pediatric palliative care program at a large Midwestern U.S. hospital. Using Charmaz’s approach to grounded theory analysis, we found that mothers desired a collaborative partnership with their child’s health care team. However, the development of this partnership was contingent upon team members’ effective use of informational, emotional, and network support. We identified two specific strategies that qualified each of these three different types of helpful supportive communication. These strategies may be implemented into training and educational programs for health care professionals to improve their communication skills.
Parasites and promiscuity: Acute disease salience leads to more restricted sexual attitudes
Authors: Moran James B. , Kerry Nicholas , Goh Jin X. , Murray Damian R.
Published: July 2021

How does disease threat influence sexual attitudes and behaviors? Although research on the influence of disease threat on social behavior has grown considerably, the relationship between perceived disease threat and sexual attitudes remains unclear. The current preregistered study (analyzed N = 510), investigated how experimental reminders of disease threat influence attitudes and anticipated future behaviors pertaining to short-term sexual relationships, using an ecologically valid disease prime. The central preregistered prediction was that experimental manipulation of disease threat would lead to less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward sexual promiscuity. Results were consistent with this preregistered prediction, relative to both a neutral control condition and a non-disease threat condition. These experimental results were buttressed by the finding that dispositional variation in worry about disease threat predicted less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward short-term sexual relationships. This study represents the first preregistered investigation of the implications of acute disease threat for sexual attitudes.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination Treatments for Major Depression: Antidepressants plus Second-Generation Antipsychotics vs. Esketamine vs. Lithium
Authors: Vázquez Gustavo H. , Bahji Anees , Undurraga Juan , Tondo Leonardo , Baldessarini Ross J.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Successful treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) can be challenging, and failures ("treatment-resistant depression" [TRD]) are frequent. Steps to address TRD include increasing antidepressant dose, combining antidepressants, adding adjunctive agents, or using nonpharmacological treatments. Their relative efficacy and tolerability remain inadequately tested. In particular, the value and safety of increasingly employed second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and new esketamine, compared to lithium as antidepressant adjuncts remain unclear.

Methods:

We reviewed randomized, placebo-controlled trials and used random-effects meta-analysis to compare odds ratio (OR) versus placebo, as well as numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) and to-harm (NNH), for adding SGAs, esketamine, or lithium to antidepressants for major depressive episodes.

Results:

Analyses involved 49 drug-placebo pairs. By NNT, SGAs were more effective than placebo (NNT = 11 [CI: 9–15]); esketamine (7 [5–10]) and lithium (5 [4–10]) were even more effective. Individually, aripiprazole, olanzapine+fluoxetine, risperidone, and ziprasidone all were more effective (all NNT < 10) than quetiapine (NNT = 13), brexpiprazole (16), or cariprazine (16), with overlapping NNT CIs. Risk of adverse effects, as NNH for most-frequently reported effects, among SGAs versus placebo was 5 [4–6] overall, and highest with quetiapine (NNH = 3), lowest with brexpiprazole (19), 5 (4–6) for esketamine, and 9 (5–106) with lithium. The risk/benefit ratio (NNH/NNT) was 1.80 (1.25–10.60) for lithium and much less favorable for esketamine (0.71 [0.60–0.80]) or SGAs (0.45 [0.17–0.77]).

Conclusions:

Several modern antipsychotics and esketamine appeared to be useful adjuncts to antidepressants for acute major depressive episodes, but lithium was somewhat more effective and better tolerated.

Limitations:

Most trials of adding lithium involved older, mainly tricyclic, antidepressants, and the dosing of adjunctive treatments were not optimized.
Efficacy of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of depression in Alzheimer disease patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: He Yanhong , Li Hao , Huang Jinbo , Huang Sumei , Bai Yunpeng , Li Yingbang , Huang Wendong
Published: July 2021

Background:

Depression is considered as one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Prescription of antidepressants is a current clinical practice well-established as the first-line treatment for such patients. Our study was aimed at systematically examining the evidence on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of depression in AD patients.

Methods:

We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials retrieved by systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases. Primary outcomes included mean depression score and safety. Secondary outcomes were cognition. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve was performed to estimate a ranking probability for different treatments.

Results:

A total of 25 studies including 14 medications met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, only mirtazapine (standard mean deviation [SMD], −1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.53 to −0.36; p < 0.05) and sertraline (SMD, −1.16; 95% CI, −2.17 to −0.15; p < 0.05) showed a slightly better effect in treating symptoms of depression. Clomipramine increased risk of adverse events than placebo (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.45 to 4.57; p < 0.05). In terms of cognitive function, there was no statistically significant difference between antidepressants and placebo.

Conclusion:

Overall, in the short-term treatment, these data suggest that commonly used antidepressants sertraline and mirtazapine should be considered as an alternative treatment for depression in AD patients. However, more high-quality trials with large samples and longer following-up are proposed.
Political ecology II: Conjunctures, crises, and critical publics
Authors: Sultana Farhana
Published: July 2021

Political ecologists focus on power relations across scales to develop assessments of systems that produce and maintain crises, such as the overlapping conjunctural crises of the coronavirus pandemic and climate breakdown. Such analyses clarify processual and interconnecting factors, exposing the contours of uneven differentiations and coproductions, while offering possible alternative futures. This report engages recent scholarship wherein conjunctural analysis raises issues for how we understand socionatural processes and outcomes, lessons learned, and the exigencies of critical publics in academia and beyond.
Impact of Specialized Hauling Vehicles and Emergency Vehicles on Bridge Load Rating
Authors: Lou Peng , Yang Chan , Nassif Hani
Published: July 2021

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) mandated states to adopt specialized hauling vehicles (SHVs) and emergency vehicles (EVs) in 2013 and 2016, respectively, in the load rating of bridges. Both the AASHTO single-unit trucks (SUs) and EVs are specially configured so that they may result in high load effects and can adversely affect bridge load rating factors. This paper investigates the impacts of rating these vehicles on the states’ bridge load ratings. An extensive literature review of the states’ load rating policies is performed. To determine whether any state can possibly be exempted from the new load ratings for SUs and EVs for Interstate highway bridges, the load effects of various state legal vehicles are analyzed and compared with those of SUs and EVs. The results of the study indicate the inevitability of executing the new load rating analysis for SUs and EVs for the vast majority of states. Weigh-in-motion data are processed to screen the potential EV traffic fleeting on the highway, and the calibrated live load factors are proposed for EVs accordingly. The load effects are found to be smaller than those FHWA originally assigned, improving the rating factors. Lastly, this paper proposes a screening tool to help state agencies to convert the known rating factors to the rating factors of SUs and EVs so that the load rating work can be prioritized for the bridges that are vulnerable to SUs and EVs.
Nicolás Caparrós (1941–2021): A larger-than-life group analyst
Authors: Ezquerro Arturo
Published: July 2021

This is a homage to Nicolás Caparrós, in memoriam. He was an unusual, and universal, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and group analyst, who developed an analytic and bonding model which was closely related to Bowlby’s conception of group attachment. In his therapeutic group technique, Dr Caparrós was decidedly idiosyncratic, integrative and inclusive. He was a Bionian, intellectually, when it came to defining unconscious defence mechanisms. However, his interventions within the group had a more distinct Foulkesian essence, as he put the emphasis on communication. Foulkes had sought to keep communication alive in his groups, to the point of considering it identical to the process of therapy itself. For Dr Caparrós, communication generates the group, defines it and maintains it.
Enzymatic textile recycling – best practices and outlook
Authors: Piribauer Benjamin , Bartl Andreas , Ipsmiller Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

Recently, textiles and their end-of-life management have become the focus of public and political attention. In the European Union the revised waste framework directive defines textiles as municipal waste and stipulates their separate collection by 2025. In the context of these developments, this paper summarises briefly the current state-of-the-art in textile recycling. It is evident that recycling methods are not yet fully developed. This is especially the case with multi-material textiles, which are composed of two or more polymers that are incompatible for recycling. In the practical part of the communication, results are presented which show that enzymatic hydrolysis is a suitable process for recycling textiles made of cotton and polyester. After a complete removal of cotton, the remaining pure polyester fibres undergo a re-granulation and post-condensation step. The so obtained recycled polyester is fed back into the textile processing chain and finally towels are obtained. The main steering parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis process are described. The study proves that solutions in accordance with the Circular Economy in the textile sector are available but an industrial implementation has not yet been realised.
Modular design for optimum granularity with auto-generated DSM and improved elbow assessment method
Authors: Li Zhongkai , Wei Wenyuan
Published: July 2021

To cope with an increasingly competitive market environment, manufacturers are utilizing modular technology to guide the production process, and a vital activity in the module partition is to determine the optimal granularity levels. A modular design methodology is developed for obtaining the optimal granularity of a modularized architecture in this paper. A relationship extraction solution is executed to automatically construct the design structure matrix (DSM) from the 3D CAD assembly model. Hierarchical clustering algorithm is implemented to form a hierarchical dendrogram with different granularity levels. An improved Elbow method is proposed to determine the optimum granularity level and corresponding modularity spectrum during the dendrogram process. The computational framework for hierarchical clustering and modularization with improved Elbow assessment operators is explained. Based on a existing literature example and a jaw crusher modular design case, comparative studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method. The methodology is characterized by running independently on the computer in data visualization format without human involvement, and the obtained result with optimized granularity favor further modular design work.
People Are Less Susceptible to Illusion When They Use Their Hands to Communicate Rather Than Estimate
Authors: Brown Amanda R. , Pouw Wim , Brentari Diane , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: July 2021

When we use our hands to estimate the length of a stick in the Müller-Lyer illusion, we are highly susceptible to the illusion. But when we prepare to act on sticks under the same conditions, we are significantly less susceptible. Here, we asked whether people are susceptible to illusion when they use their hands not to act on objects but to describe them in spontaneous co-speech gestures or conventional sign languages of the deaf. Thirty-two English speakers and 13 American Sign Language signers used their hands to act on, estimate the length of, and describe sticks eliciting the Müller-Lyer illusion. For both gesture and sign, the magnitude of illusion in the description task was smaller than the magnitude of illusion in the estimation task and not different from the magnitude of illusion in the action task. The mechanisms responsible for producing gesture in speech and sign thus appear to operate not on percepts involved in estimation but on percepts derived from the way we act on objects.
Most Findings Obtained With Untimed Visual Illusions Are Confounded
Authors: Bressan Paola , Kramer Peter
Published: July 2021

Visual illusions have been studied extensively, but their time course has not. Here we show, in a sample of more than 550 people, that unrestricted presentation times—as opposed to presentations lasting only a single second—weaken the Ebbinghaus illusion, strengthen lightness contrast with double increments, and do not alter lightness contrast with double decrements. When presentation time is unrestricted, these illusions are affected in the same way (decrease, increase, no change) by how long observers look at them. Our results imply that differences in illusion magnitude between individuals or groups are confounded with differences in inspection time, no matter whether stimuli are evaluated in matching, adjustment, or untimed comparison tasks. We offer an explanation for why these three illusions progress differently, and we spell out how our findings challenge theories of lightness, theories of global-local processing, and the interpretation of all research that has investigated visual illusions, or used them as tools, without considering inspection time.
The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life
Authors: Depow Gregory John , Francis Zoë , Inzlicht Michael
Published: July 2021

We used experience sampling to examine perceptions of empathy in the everyday lives of a group of 246 U.S. adults who were quota sampled to represent the population on key demographics. Participants reported an average of about nine opportunities to empathize per day; these experiences were positively associated with prosocial behavior, a relationship not found with trait measures. Although much of the literature focuses on the distress of strangers, in everyday life, people mostly empathize with very close others, and they empathize with positive emotions 3 times as frequently as with negative emotions. Although trait empathy was negatively associated only with well-being, empathy in daily life was generally associated with increased well-being. Theoretically distinct components of empathy—emotion sharing, perspective taking, and compassion—typically co-occur in everyday empathy experiences. Finally, empathy in everyday life was higher for women and the religious but not significantly lower for conservatives and the wealthy.
Analysis of the relationship between turbulence characteristics and loss mechanism in the tip leakage flow of turbine blade
Authors: Li Hui , Su Xinrong , Yuan Xin
Published: July 2021

The tip leakage flow passed over the tip clearance makes the flow very complicated near the tip gap, and the interaction of the tip leakage vortex and endwall vortex enhances the instability of the flow. Accurately capturing detailed flow structures and investigating the relationship between the flow structures and loss are beneficial for understanding the flow physics and providing guidance on reducing the loss. Due to the conventional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods is limited to predict the complex turbulence structures of the tip clearance flow, high fidelity simulation approaches are needed. In this work, the hybrid RANS/Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is adopted to simulate the tip leakage flow in linear cascade and demonstrates its ability to capture the small-scale flow structures. With the POD method, the time-averaged flow field and the dominating modes are obtained. Based on the analysis of the POD modes, it is found that the induced vortex generated by the interaction between the leakage vortex and the endwall vortex has strong turbulence characteristics. Based on the entropy generation rates, viscous loss mechanism is further analyzed. It is found that the shear strain rates dominate the viscous dissipation losses, and the fluctuation dissipation has a strong local enhancement effect.
Evaluation of urinary FOXP3 mRNA as a biomarker of lupus nephritis in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fayed Ahmed , Mohamed AbdelAal , Ahmed Reham Abdelghany , Abouzeid Sameh , Soliman Ahmed , Fathy Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Aim

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of SLE. Tregs (Regulatory T lymphocytes) are thought to play a part in the pathogenesis of SLE. According to recent research, Foxp3, a Treg identification marker, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study aimed to compare the urinary Foxp3 mRNA levels of patients with active and inactive forms of LN and healthy control subjects to see whether it played a role in disease activity.

Methods

We measured FOXP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the urine of 50 people with active LN, 50 people with inactive lupus, and 50 healthy people.

Results

We found that the expression level of FOXP3 was significantly higher in urine from patients with active LN than from subjects with inactive lupus and healthy controls (22.93 ± 4.13 vs 5.66 ± 0.47 vs 0.57 ± 0.15copy; P < 0.001). Urinary FOXP3 mRNA level significantly correlated with SLEDAI (0.000057) In the active group, urinary FOXP3 mRNA level also significantly correlated with histological activity index (< 0.00001).

Conclusion

We concluded that urinary FOXP3 mRNA is elevated in patients with active LN and that it is linked to the SLEDAI and the severity of the disease. FOXP3 mRNA in urine sediment may be used as a non-invasive biomarker for evaluating the severity of LN and risk stratification.
The use of near infrared spectroscopy to predict foliar nutrient levels of hydroponically grown teak seedlings
Authors: Whittier William Andrew , Hodge Gary R , Lopez Juan , Saravitz Carole , Acosta Juan Jose
Published: July 2021

Due to a combination of durability, strength, and aesthetically pleasing color, teak ( Tectona grandis L.f.) is globally regarded as a premier timber species. High value, in combination with comprehensive harvesting restrictions from natural populations, has resulted in extensive teak plantation establishment throughout the tropics and subtropics. Plantations directly depend on the production of healthy seedlings. In order to assist growers in efficiently diagnosing teak seedling nutrient issues, a hydroponic nutrient study was conducted at North Carolina State University. The ability to accurately diagnose nutrient disorders prior to the onset of visual symptoms through the use of near infrared (NIR) technology will allow growers to potentially remedy seedling issues before irreversible damage is done. This research utilized two different near infrared (NIR) spectrometers to develop predictive foliar nutrient models for 13 nutrients and then compared the accuracy of the models between the devices. Destructive leaf sampling and laboratory grade NIR spectroscopy scanning was compared to nondestructive sampling coupled with a handheld NIR device used in a greenhouse. Using traditional wet lab foliar analysis results for calibration, nutrient prediction models for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and zinc (Z) were developed using both NIR devices. Models developed using both techniques were good for N, P, and K (R2 > 0.80), while the B model was adequate only with the destructive sampling procedure. Models for the remaining nutrients were not suitable. Although destructive sampling and desktop scanning procedure generally produced models with higher correlations they required work and time for sample preparation that might reduce the value of this NIR approach. The results suggest that both destructive and nondestructive sampling NIR calibrations can be useful to monitor macro nutrient status of teak plants grown in a nursery environment.
Identification and genomic characterization of bovine parvovirus 1 in yaks
Authors: Shao Guoqing , Zhao Long , Tang Cheng , Yue Hua
Published: July 2021

Bovine parvovirus 1 (BPV1) is a causative agent of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive cattle diseases. We collected 149 yak diarrhea fecal samples from 9 farms in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The samples were screened for BPV1 by PCR, and 2 samples were positive for BPV1. The complete genomes of these BPV1 isolates were sequenced successfully. The sequences of these 2 variants were both 5,515 bp in length and shared 96.5–96.8% identity with 2 previously reported BPV1 genomes (GenBank DQ335247, NC_001540). Twenty-six identical amino acid mutations were found in the 2 yak variants, including 7 amino acid substitutions in receptor-binding regions of the VP2 protein, and 5 amino acid substitutions in the NS1 protein C-terminal region that functions to activate transcription. The new genome sequences contribute to better understanding of the evolution and molecular characteristics of BPV1.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Pragmatic Measure for Assessing Adherence to System of Care Principles in Behavioral Health Service Interactions
Authors: Williams Nathaniel J. , Beauchemin James , Giuntini Guido , Griffis Jennifer , Mo Ya
Published: July 2021

Provider adherence to system of care principles in service interactions with families is an important indicator of behavioral health service quality for youth; however, valid and pragmatic measures suitable for monitoring this quality indicator at population scale have not been developed. This article reports on two studies that developed and evaluated such a measure. In Study 1, an iterative, family-partnered process resulted in generation of 18 items that demonstrated unidimensionality and strong reliability among caregivers of youth participating in behavioral health services ( N = 141). In Study 2, data from a second, statewide, stratified random sample of caregivers ( N = 351) confirmed the items’ unidimensionality, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. Higher scores on the System of Care Adherence Scale were associated with lower risk of youth psychiatric hospitalization, greater perceived improvement in youth functioning, and greater increases in caregivers’ self-efficacy to access services. Item response theory analyses indicated the items were strongly related to adherence; however, most were optimal for differentiating between low to moderate levels of adherence. The System of Care Adherence Scale is a psychometrically sound measure suitable for population surveillance of the extent to which families experience system of care principles in their interactions with providers.
Update on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Glutamate: A PMHNP Single Case Study Report of a Diagnostically Complex Adult Patient, Interventions, and Unexpected Outcomes
Authors: Kroll Sherri Cofield , Bennett Carole Frances , Klinefelter Tarah Winter
Published: July 2021

Objective:

While dysfunction of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters has been studied in depth, in regard to the etiology of mental illness, the neurotransmitter glutamate and its dysfunction is now being explored as contributing to neurodegenerative psychiatric diseases, schizophrenia, autism, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. This article explains its synthesis, neurotransmission, and metabolism within the brain and subsequent dysfunction that is responsible for neurocognitive loss associated with several psychiatric disorders.

Method:

The case study will report on the screening for pseudobulbar affective (PBA) disorder in a 29-year-old male with bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual developmental disability who was experiencing extreme, uncontrolled emotional outbursts requiring continuous family isolation (pre-COVID-19) for safety. With the positive screen for PBA, the patient was subsequently treated with a glutamatergic drug, dextromethorphan/quinidine.

Results:

The patient’s unexpected response to this treatment including the acquisition of language, increased cognition, and improved executive functioning is presented. At 2 years post the initiation of treatment, his PBA screening score is reduced, uncontrolled outbursts and aggression have subsided, and the family can spend time outside of their home.

Conclusions:

Neurodegeneration and its impact is being researched and treated with medications affecting glutamate. The addition of a glutamatergic medication to this young man’s medication regimen has improved both his and his family’s quality of life. The psychiatric diagnoses, medications, and treatments associated with glutamate are explained in depth. The importance of nurses’ understanding of glutamate, its synthesis, transmission, and dysfunction causing excitotoxicity and brain cell death and its impact on patients’ behavior and safety is explained.
Personalized B-cell tailored dosing of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: van Lierop Zoë YGJ , Toorop Alyssa A , van Ballegoij Wouter JC , Olde Dubbelink Tom BG , Strijbis Eva MM , de Jong Brigit A , van Oosten Bob W , Moraal Bastiaan , Teunissen Charlotte E , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Killestein Joep , Kempen Zoé LE van
Published: July 2021

In this observational study, 159 patients with multiple sclerosis received personalized dosing of ocrelizumab incentivized by the COVID-19 pandemic. Re-dosing was scheduled when CD19 B-cell count was ⩾10 cells/µL (starting 24 weeks after the previous dose, repeated 4-weekly). Median interval until re-dosing or last B-cell count was 34 [30–38] weeks. No clinical relapses were reported and a minority of patients showed Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression. Monthly serum neurofilament light levels remained stable during extended intervals. Two (1.9%) of 107 patients with a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed radiological disease activity. Personalized dosing of ocrelizumab could significantly extend intervals with low short-term disease activity incidence, encouraging future research on long-term safety and efficacy.
Exploring telemental health practice before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhu Demi , Paige Samantha R , Slone Henry , Gutierrez Arianna , Lutzky Caroline , Hedriana Hannah , Barrera Janelle F , Ong Triton , Bunnell Brian E
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This study investigated how mental health providers' use of telemedicine has changed since the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic and their expectations for continuing to use it once the pandemic ends.

Methods

A 15-min online survey was completed by 175 practicing and licensed telemental health providers who use telemedicine. In addition to personal and professional demographic items, the survey included items about the frequency of telemedicine use, proportion of caseload served by telemedicine, comfort using telemedicine before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and expectations to use telemedicine after the pandemic ends. A series of χ2 analyses, an independent samples t-test, and analyses of variance were conducted.

Results

The pandemic resulted in a greater proportion of telemental health providers using telemedicine on a daily basis (17% before and 40% during the pandemic; p < 0.01) and serving more than half of their caseload remotely (9.1% before and 57.7% during the pandemic; p < 0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant increase in their comfort using telemedicine before and during the pandemic ( p < 0.001). Providers reported expecting to use telemedicine more often after the pandemic ends ( M = 3.35; SD = 0.99). Expectations to provide telemental health services after the pandemic were greater for mental health counselors, providers who practiced in rural regions, and providers who served patients through out-of-pocket payments.

Discussion

Telemental health providers use telemedicine daily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with expectations of continuing to use telemedicine in practice after the pandemic. This expectation is more prominent in certain segments of providers and warrants further investigation.
L1 transfer in the interpretation of L2 reflexive pronouns by child learners of Korean
Authors: Kim Kitaek , Joo Kum-Jeong
Published: July 2021

Aim:

The current study explores first language (L1) transfer in child second language (L2) acquisition, testing whether L1-Chinese children learning L2 Korean show an advantage over L1-Russian children in the acquisition of Korean reflexives.

Methodology:

L1-Chinese and L1-Russian children with L2 Korean completed truth-value judgment tasks designed to explore their interpretation of the Korean reflexives caki and caki-casin in bi-clausal sentences. Chinese, like Korean, has a monomorphemic reflexive that takes a long-distance (LD) antecedent, and a polymorphemic reflexive that prefers a local antecedent; Russian, in contrast, has only a monomorphemic reflexive, which requires a local interpretation in finite clauses.

Data and analysis:

The proportion of preferences for each condition in the tasks was statistically compared using a logistic mixed-effects regression.

Findings:

The study resulted in two main findings. First, L1-Chinese children, regardless of L2 proficiency, preferred the LD antecedent (i.e., the matrix clause subject) for caki and the local antecedent (i.e., the embedded clause subject) for caki-casin, which is target-like for Korean and consistent with the interpretation of the Chinese reflexives ziji and taziji. Second, high-proficiency (but not low-proficiency) L1-Russian children showed target-like behavior in rejecting an LD interpretation for caki-casin, but a non-target-like acceptance of the local interpretation for caki, which may be due to L1 transfer based on Russian’s locally bound reflexive.

Originality:

L1 transfer in the interpretation of L2 reflexive pronouns has been reported with adults, but not with children. The current study fills this research gap.

Implications:

This study provides evidence that supports L1 transfer in the context of child L2 reflexive interpretation, countering arguments claiming for a limited role of L1 transfer in child L2 acquisition.