bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Water Productivity Assessments with MODIS Images in a Changing Semi-Arid Environment: A Brazilian Case Study
Authors: De C. Teixeira Antônio , Scherer-Warren Morris , Hernandez Fernando , Andrade Ricardo , Leivas Janice
Published: November 2013

In the Brazilian semi-arid region, the intensification of agriculture results in a change of natural vegetation by irrigated crops. To quantify the contrast between these two ecosystems, the large-scale values of water productivity components were modelled in Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) municipalities. The SAFER (Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm was used to acquire evapotranspiration (ET), while the Monteith's radiation model was applied for estimating the biomass production (BIO). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images were used together with agro-meteorological data. In Petrolina and Juazeiro, the mean monthly ET values for irrigated crops were 938 and 739 mm∙month−1, with the corresponding ones for natural vegetation of 385 and 194 mm∙month−1.Water productivity (WP) was analysed by the ratio of BIO to ET, defined here as the ratio of the net benefits from the mixed agricultural systems to the amount of water required for producing those benefits. The highest incremental WP values, as a result of the irrigated crops introduction, happened outside the rainy period. More spatial WP uniformity occurred in natural vegetation, when comparing with irrigated crops. The most frequent WP values in Petrolina were between 1.6 and 2.2 kg∙m−3 while in Juazeiro this range was from 1.0 to 1.6 kg∙m−3. The differences between the municipalities can be mainly explained by differences in precipitation and soil water storages conditions, promoting better rainfall use efficiency by the natural vegetation in the first one. The results of the current research are important for appraising the land use change impacts in situations of expanding irrigation areas.
A Robust Nonlinear Observer for Real-Time Attitude Estimation Using Low-Cost MEMS Inertial Sensors
Authors: Guerrero-Castellanos José , Madrigal-Sastre Heberto , Durand Sylvain , Torres Lizeth , Muñoz-Hernández German
Published: November 2013

This paper deals with the attitude estimation of a rigid body equipped with angular velocity sensors and reference vector sensors. A quaternion-based nonlinear observer is proposed in order to fuse all information sources and to obtain an accurate estimation of the attitude. It is shown that the observer error dynamics can be separated into two passive subsystems connected in “feedback”. Then, this property is used to show that the error dynamics is input-to-state stable when the measurement disturbance is seen as an input and the error as the state. These results allow one to affirm that the observer is “robustly stable”. The proposed observer is evaluated in real-time with the design and implementation of an Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) based on low-cost MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Inertial Measure Unit (IMU) and magnetic sensors and a 16-bit microcontroller. The resulting estimates are compared with a high precision motion system to demonstrate its performance.
L'expansion paysanne en Amérique latine
Authors: Tulet Jean-Christian
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- A pesar de la disminución de su peso relativo, nunca ha sido tan numerosa la población rural latinoamericana como en los últimos decenios. Esta situación se debe a la persistencia de un dinamismo demográfico aún alto, pero también al crecimiento de la producción agrícola y al desarrollo del campesinado. Este se beneficia hoy con diversos factores propicios : retroceso del latifundismo tradicional, desarrollo de producciones agrícolas que le son favorables o específicas, valoración de rasgos que le son propios.
De « l'ordre andin » à « l'utopie archaïque » : mythes et réalités de la paysannerie andine du Pérou
Authors: Mazurek Hubert
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- La paysannerie des Andes péruviennes a manqué son rendez- vous avec l'histoire. Non seulement elle n'a jamais obtenu de poids significatif dans la société péruvienne, mais elle a été occultée au nom d'une série de dualités qui ont focalisé les débats sur sa nature sociale idéalisée, mais peu sur sa réalité : indien-blanc, urbain-rural, andin-occidental, individualisme-collectivisme, modernité-archaïsme, etc. Trois grands thèmes (le racisme et l'indigénisme, la communauté paysanne et les politiques économiques) permettront d'illustrer cette thèse.
Littérature et identité à Cuba : la persistante figure du guajiro
Authors: Déjean Maryline
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Cuba, specially through its narrative literature, demostrates always a very keen interest in the «guajiro». Glorified by the the creóle writers during the 19 th century as an ideal Cuban, the figure of this little white peasant has never ceased to arouse many a writer's fad ever since. Beyond the convergence of aesthetic tastes, the recurrence of this image actually reveals identitary intentions meant to maintain, even today, a national identity built around the representative of the creóle community.
La paysannerie congédiée. Notes sur une telenovela colombienne
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Sin dejar de preservar una moral convencional inspirada en los supuestos valores de la tierra, la telenovela colombiana Café con aroma de mujer dedicada al universo cafetero falsifica la realidad de la caficultura y deja al campesinado fuera del imaginario nacional.
Paysans et éducation au Mexique. La recomposition des politiques compensatoires
Authors: Didou Aupetit Sylvie
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- En dépit de son importance dans la mythologie fondatrice de l'Etat révolutionnaire, la population paysanne du Mexique est en repli et en crise profonde. Cette situation se manifeste également par le maintien ou même l'aggravation des problèmes d'enseignement. Le taux d'analphabétisme demeure élevé, l'appareil éducatif mis sur pied pour améliorer la production et les conditions de vie des paysans est lui-même en crise. Les solutions du nouveau gouvernement pour lutter contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion, abandonnent la figure spécifique de la paysannerie pour s'adresser plutôt au « pauvre » ou au « marginal », sous-entendu : l'indigène. De ce fait, l'accès aux appuis institutionnels pour l'éducation risque de dépendre de la preuve que l'on peut apporter de son appartenance ethnique.
Transformaciones del mundo rural pampeano. Recuerdos de un viaje de estudio por la región pampeana occidental
Authors: Bustos Cara Roberto
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Con base en los apuntes de un viaje de estudio geográfico efectuado en 1967 en el Oeste pampeano bajo la dirección de Romain Gaignard, reflexiones sobre los cambios de una ruralidad específica, vinculada a la economía mundial, y sobre la evolución de los paisajes.
«Abrasileirar o Brasil» (Arte e literatura na epistolografia de Mário de Andrade)
Authors: De Moraes Marcos Antonio
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The epistolary of the brazilian writer Mario de Andrade (1893-1945), very important on account of its lenght and its historical and biographical richness, appears as the undertaking of an educational scheme within the modernist ideas. We try to show some aspects of this project, by observing, in the 1920's, Mario de Andrade's effort to spread, through his correspondence, the idea of the necessary creation of a national art with critical adjusting.
História da Arte Brasileira no século XX. Balanço e perspectivas
Authors: Moreira Leite Rui
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- L'objectif de cet article est de présenter les études réalisées sur l'art brésilien du XXe siècle, surtout à partir des années 60. Afin de placer ces études dans un contexte, nous avons essayé de décrire, quoique sommairement, le développement de l'art brésilien des années 20 à 70, en nous référant à la création d'institutions et de collections, en établissant autant que possible le lien avec les différentes publications et catalogues. Priorité a été donnée aux études déjà publiées, mais nous n'avons pas exclu des textes encore inédits.
La óptica moderna. La fotografía en México entre 1923 y 1940
Authors: Albiñana Salvador , Fernández Horacio
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The new photography owes much to the travels realized by E. Weston, Eisenstein, Strand and Cartier-Bresson, all interested in Mexican distinctive traits. Mexican photographers -Modotti, Alvarez Bravo, A. Jiménez and E. Amero - adopted subject-matters typical for new vision, but finally succeeded in realizing work more attentive to Mexico and its people. They published these images in magazines, photo-books and portfolios.
L'âpre vitalité de l'éphémère : les photographies mexicaines (1934) d'Henri Cartier-Bresson
Authors: Terrasa Jacques
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Con su Leica al hombro, Henri Cartier-Bresson recorre el México de 1934, en busca de una vitalidad primitiva que la vieja Europa difícilmente podía darle. Fotografía un mundo marginal (el de los desposeídos, de los niños, de las prostitutas...), enfrentándose con aquellos «instantes decisivos» que caracterizan su obra. Al volver de este viaje mexicano cuyo itinerario intentamos describir, Cartier-Bresson trae consigo unas imágenes tensas de una realidad que parece borrarse tan pronto como aparece.
Colombia: arte y poder en el siglo XX
Authors: Rodríguez Amaya Fabio
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Why political independence does not result in artistic independence in Colombia ? The question is answered by entering the meanders of the criolla republic and throwing light on the often concealed ways through which art and artists are submittted to the official regime. The categories of pure, testimonial, and compromised art are identified in the essay through a discussion of a essay by the Colombian poet Jorge Zalamea.
Catalina Parra : reconstruire images et textes
Authors: Herzberg Julia
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Conceptual artist Catalina Parra refers to her work as «reconstructions» altering found images from the mass media using a scissors- and-paste technique characteristic of collage. Parra makes use of the daily flow of images in order to halt or reverse the notion of the ephemeral and to challenge the viewer to rethink the social, economic, political, and even philosophical issues to which these images refer. She has contributed to the ways in which found texts and images can be reinvested with new meanings relevant to contemporary problems.
CAN GOLD EFFECTIVELY HEDGE RISKS OF EXCHANGE RATE?
Authors: Wang Kuan-Min
Published: November 2013

This study tests whether gold can effectively hedge exchange rate risks. We take into account the asymmetric characteristic of exchange rate fluctuations and use the dynamic panel threshold model in order to select gold prices in major gold-related currencies in the world: the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the euro, the Indian rupee, the Japanese yen, the South African rand, and the British pound. Using monthly data from January 1999 to January 2010, with lagged one-period exchange rate returns (US dollar depreciation rate) as the threshold variable, the estimation results suggest that there are two thresholds at –7.5% and –3.7%. These can be divided into regime 1 (exchange rate returns ≤ –7.5%), regime 2 (–7.5% < exchange rate returns ≤ –3.7%), and regime 3 (exchange rate returns > –3.7%). Regarding the effectiveness of gold hedging, regime 2 is higher than is regime 3. The risk hedging effect of regime 1 is not significant because it might be caused by the excessive devaluation of the US dollar in the short-term and the overshooting of the exchange rate adjustment, making gold unable to hedge the devaluation risks of the US dollar.
SHAREHOLDER ACTIVISM AND INTERNATIONALIZATION IN THE FAMILY FIRM
Authors: Bobillo Alfredo M. , Rodríguez-Sanz Juan A. , Tejerina-Gaite Fernando
Published: November 2013

We present the internationalization of the family firm (FF) as a corporate growth strategy that is sometimes necessary to ensure survival. The different generations running the family firm (GFF) are likely to be constrained, not only by the demands of the business itself, but also by activism from non-management family shareholders. In this paper, we perform an analysis of a sample of Spanish family firms, both domestic and multinational, for the period 2000–2009. The results of this analysis show evidence of a positive relationship between the scope of internationalization and two other variables: family activism (FAI) and life cycle duration of the family firm (DLFF). When it comes to seeking alternative ways to create economic value and obtain debt finance, each generation is less risk averse than the preceding one. However, increasing family conflict over successive generations instigates economic value-destroying behavior. Overall, our findings suggest that economic value creation, leverage and international diversification in FFs will be conditioned not only by the ownership structure and size of the company, but also by the firm's current point in the business life cycle, the generation that is in charge, and activism from other family members, all of which play a decisive role in the FF internationalization and economic value creation process.
INTEGRATION STRATEGIES FOR THE SUCCESS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANIES
Authors: Barros Rafael Hernandez , Domínguez Ignacio López
Published: November 2013

The research shows how managers can plan a successful integration process following a merger and acquisition. Presents a series of frameworks which discuss understanding value creation in mergers and acquisitions, selecting the right strategy and managing the integration process; drawn largely from research studies and interviews made to managers with experience in leading integration processes of financial services companies in Europe, Latin America and USA. Concludes that, by following the key drivers framework described, managers can turn the integration process into a successful project, and academics can focus their post-merger research having into account the opinion of managers.
Emesopsis infenestra Tatarnic, Wall & Cassis, 2011 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), genus and species new to New Zealand
Authors: Thorpe Stephen
Published: November 2013

Emesopsis infenestra Tatarnic, Wall & Cassis, 2011 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) is reported from New Zealand for the first time, based on a single specimen collected alive in the wild in Auckland in June 2013. The species was previously known only from Australia (Queensland) and the Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia).
Représentations parentales de l'épilepsie et des convulsions chez l'enfant
Authors: Claudet Isabelle
Published: November 2013

Parce qu’elles surviennent brutalement, parce que les manifestations corporelles sont impressionnantes puis suivies d’une phase d’apaisement avant un retour à l’état antérieur, la survenue de convulsions est déroutante et inquiétante pour les témoins de la crise. L’impression parentale de mort imminente contraste souvent avec la banalisation par les équipes sanitaires et médicales préhospitalières ou hospitalières d’un évènement somme toute fréquent, renvoyant aux familles la culpabilité de s’être inquiétées à tort. Autrefois florides et générées par les limites de la médecine d’alors, certaines représentations sociales et parentales persistent (facteurs déclenchants extracorporels, origine extracérébrale, possession corporelle) ainsi que certaines réactions populaires (mise à l’écart, isolement social, attitude négative). Porter un diagnostic d’épilepsie retentit sur les parents dont le quotidien, et la vie en général, seront modifiés ; et sur l’enfant alors l’objet d’une stigmatisation, moins bruyante qu’au xviii e ou au xix e siècle, mais durable.
L'évaluation neuropsychologique dans le contexte de l'épilepsie du nourrisson et du jeune enfant
Authors: Pinabiaux Charlotte , Bulteau Christine , Jambaqué Isabelle
Published: November 2013

L’évaluation neuropsychologique joue un rôle essentiel dans la prise en charge d’une épilepsie à début précoce, compte tenu des possibles retentissements sur le développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel. Nous proposons en premier lieu un aperçu des principaux syndromes épileptiques du nourrisson et du jeune enfant, ainsi que de leurs répercussions neurocognitives. Nous abordons ensuite les étapes de l’évaluation neuropsychologique dans le contexte de l’épilepsie précoce. La construction de l’évaluation doit en effet être adaptée à l’âge de l’enfant et au syndrome épileptique présenté. Enfin, l’articulation avec le suivi et la prise en charge de ces patients est évoquée dans une dernière partie. Une évaluation neuropsychologique précoce s’intègre dans l’accompagnement global de l’enfant en permettant de proposer des prises en charges adaptées qui favorisent le développement de toutes les potentialités de l’enfant.
Comment prendre en charge les troubles d'apprentissage chez les enfants avec épilepsie ?
Authors: Coste-Zeitoun Delphine , Bennoun Irène
Published: November 2013

L’épilepsie est la maladie neurologique la plus fréquente chez l’enfant et est souvent associée à des difficultés d’apprentissage scolaire. Celles-ci sont multifactorielles (facteurs neurologiques, cognitifs, psychologiques, socio-économiques...) et leur prise en charge nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire, tant sur le plan de l’évaluation que de la prise en charge. Le sessad (service d’éducation spéciale et de soins à domicile) L’Essor, exclusivement réservé à l’intégration scolaire et sociale d’enfants avec épilepsie, a été créé en 2001 pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques de ces enfants. Nous rapportons dans cet article les réflexions issues du suivi de quatre-vingt-quatre enfants au total, durant dix années de fonctionnement. Seront abordés en particulier l’importance du dialogue avec la famille, l’école, concernant l’épilepsie, ses répercussions sur le plan familial, le développement cognitif et psychique, les apprentissages scolaires, la vie sociale, l’autonomisation.
La vie en tête : Willy, une épilepsie grave (?) du neuvième mois
Authors: Simonin Marie-Luce
Published: November 2013

Nous vous proposons de cheminer ensemble autour de la situation de Willy et de sa famille. Accueilli à 12 ans au centre de Toul Ar C’hoat, opéré et guéri d’une épilepsie précoce, Willy nous amène à questionner la notion de gravité d’une maladie, et de ses séquelles. Nous verrons qu’une approche globale de l’enfant, en lien avec ses parents, permettrait de revisiter l’infantile. Les possibles effets thérapeutiques de la relation éducative, et d’une pédagogie curative, articulés à un accompagnement psychothérapique, sont ici présentés autour des paradoxes qu’empreinte l’épilepsie. Nous avons tenté d’articuler les mouvements de la réalité intérieure et de la réalité extérieure, les effets de collision, démultipliés à l’adolescence : ruptures épileptiques versus séparation-individuation, effondrement et crainte de l’effondrement, gravité et sidération. Les concepts de réparation, de capacité de rêverie, s’inscrivent comme cadre et processus de travail. La gravité ouvrirait alors à la dignité, au plaisir de penser et d’être.
Mon expérience à l'imp-impro Léopold Bellan de Bry-sur-Marne
Authors: Buffet-Arinal Yannick
Published: November 2013

Les structures comme l’ imp Léopold Bellan ont été dès les années 1970 le fer de lance de la lutte contre l’épilepsie en offrant aux familles, pour leurs enfants et adolescents malades, un lieu de vie thérapeutique et une prise en charge scolaire. L’admission a souvent été un drame de séparation entre parents et enfants. Parallèlement, les avancées de l’épileptologie parvenaient à mieux équilibrer l’épilepsie, mais sans que la problématique familiale nouée autour du symptôme de l’enfant ne se résolve comme par magie. Le travail institutionnel d’inspiration psychanalytique et la thérapie familiale nous ont aidés à répondre au jaillissement souvent violent des troubles sous-jacents qui soudain apparaissaient au grand jour à la place des crises. Aujourd’hui, où l’on guérit l’épilepsie, cette structure d’accueil spécialisée n’a plus lieu d’être. Mais se pose toujours la question de la réconciliation de l’épileptique « guéri » avec lui-même.
Las musas de Darwin tras el diagrama de 1859
Authors: Torrens Erica , Barahona Ana
Published: November 2013

En este artículo queremos mostrar mediante una revisión de algunos diagramas en forma de árbol, que el hecho de que Darwin escogiera la metáfora de un árbol para representar relaciones evolutivas entre los organismos no resulta enteramente sorpresivo, ya que la figura arbórea ya guardaba una posición importante en la tradición iconográfica europea. En la revisión de algunos usos del “árbol” para representar diferentes clases de relaciones en la época pre-darwiniana, queremos ilustrar dos cuestiones fundamentales. Una particularmente importante es que Darwin tuvo la brillantez de incorporar una variedad de símbolos y metáforas que ya estaban siendo usadas para representar diferentes aspectos del mundo vivo, en su propia teoría de la evolución, particularmente la metáfora general de la ramificación y re-ramificación. La otra es que cuando Darwin publicó El Origen de las especies en 1859, la gente ya estaba familiarizada con el tema del “árbol” para representar genealogías. Esto pudo haber sido importante para sentirse familiarizado con los diagramas evolutivos y para aceptarlos como entidades reales, también para asociarlos fuertemente con metáforas religiosas.
International Library Conferences
Authors: Thull James
Published: November 2013

This chapter provides information on international conferences and the reasons librarians should consider attending and presenting at professional conferences outside of their home countries. There are significant benefits for libraries and librarians who choose to venture abroad for professional development opportunities. Professional rejuvenation, networking opportunities, dissemination of information and the ability to see new perspectives on librarianship are just a few of the reasons librarians choose to attend international conferences. Methods and tools for selecting conferences focusing on librarianship and other disciplines are discussed in detail. The difficulties of attending conferences in distant lands is examined, including ways to mitigate costs, get buy-in and support from colleagues and administrators, receive funding, and the planning needed to make any international conference venture satisfying, rewarding, and memorable.
Growing Library Leaders for the Future
Authors: Nelson Joanna , Johnson Katherine
Published: November 2013

Professional development opportunities are important for employees at all levels of an organization. Employees benefit by staying current in their field and advancing their career. Employers benefit by having a better skilled workforce. This chapter focuses on professional development based on the yearlong leadership institute run by the Colorado Association of Libraries (CAL) Leadership Development Committee. The development of the CAL Leadership Institute (CALLI) will be discussed along with the curriculum, structure, fees, mentoring, networking, accessibility, and benefits of CALLI to participants and the larger library community. The authors conducted two surveys and eight interviews to gather qualitative and quantitative feedback from current and past CALLI participants. A literature review of current trends in professional development and library leadership programs was completed. The future of professional development in this area is also explored.
Free or Externally Funded Professional Development for Frugal Librarians
Authors: Watson Elizabeth
Published: November 2013

Librarians need professional development opportunities even during difficult economic times with limited library budgets. Fortunately, creative and frugal librarians are finding external funding for professional development, and benefiting from free or low-cost professional development tools and opportunities. Many of these frugal solutions are online. Social media, bookmarking services, e-learning platforms like WebJunction and Lyrasis, listservs, and webinars are all explored as such online solutions. Conference scholarships, interdepartmental cooperation, and community partnerships are also ways to provide free or externally funded professional development.
Assessing a Statewide Professional Development Effort
Authors: Crumpton Michael A.
Published: November 2013

State library associations across the country spend a considerable amount of time and effort providing professional development events and activities for library staffs within their realm of influence. Most of the activities are assessed as to attendee satisfaction, venue attributes or speaker(s) effectiveness. Assessment activities related to these types of outcomes are typically aimed at providing satisfaction of effort for a very diverse set of employees with a wide range of interests. Making programming decisions based on these assessments is critical to receiving ongoing support for future and potential events and activities. This chapter covers techniques for assessing a range of professional development activities on a statewide level in order to plan effectively for future development opportunities and needs.
Cultural Orientation Differences and their Implications for Online Learning Satisfaction
Authors: Tankari Moussa
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this chapter, which uses sociocultural learning theory as its framework and a mixed-methods study design, is to understand the differences between personal culture orientation and online learning satisfaction by examining culture at the macro and micro level in an online learning environment. More specifically, this chapter examines the cultural orientation differences among graduate students enrolled in at least one online course in the fall of 2011 at a Western institution of higher education and how these cultural differences impact their level of satisfaction with online learning. Both quantitative and qualitative data is collected, respectively, via surveys, and interviews indicate that, although culture does not directly affect satisfaction, there is a need to raise awareness about the critical factors that may affect online learning experience and to provide guidance for practice and future research.
Culture Aware M-Learning Classification Framework for African Countries
Authors: Mwendia Simon Nyaga , Wagacha Peter Waiganjo , Oboko Robert
Published: November 2013

African countries are currently experiencing proliferation of mobile phone subscriptions but no prevalence of personal computers or electricity (Parker, 2011). It is estimated that, by the end of 2015 in Sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of people with mobile network access will surpass that of access to electricity in homes (Rao, 2011). This phenomenon is also experienced in learning institutions, particularly universities, where almost every student owns a mobile phone (Kashorda & Waema, 2009). Although there is a great potential for Mobile Learning (M-Learning) in education, the formal integration of M-Learning in the education systems is in its infancy since there is limited number of M-Learning projects in the region. This is in contrast with the rapid increase and integration of mobile phones in the daily lives of the population in the region (Isaacs, 2012). According to Olaniran (2009), online learning needs to be culturally aware and investigate the dimensions of cultural variability as well as its influence on learning within global education. In an attempt to address this need, this chapter focuses on the African region in describing dimensions of cultural variability and proposes four categories for M-Learning projects as well as their influences on dimensions of cultural variability.
Learning through Immersive Virtual Environments
Authors: Ndinguri Erastus , Machtmes Krisanna , Hatala John Paul , Coco Mary Leah
Published: November 2013

Changes on how the workforce is learning/training today are evident in many organizations. Discussions about how Immersive Virtual Learning (IVL) is a part of the skill development process and outcomes in the workplace have increased (Salmon, 2009). There is an abundance of literature on the application of virtual and other learning technologies within learning institutions (Hew & Cheung, 2010); however, there is a paucity of literature on IVL organization learning. This chapter discusses the existing research and understanding of IVL and the application within an organizational setting. Further, this chapter explores the connection between knowledge transfer and the impact IVL has on the workforce. This exploration attempts to create a link between global connectivity, changing cultures, and changing technologies. In addition, this chapter examines the benefits of IVL in a workplace setting and offers suggestions for future research and practice.
Debate sobre as relações entre educação, formação humana e ontologia a partir do método dialético
Authors: Saviani Dermeval
Published: November 2013

O tema “Educação, formação humana e ontologia” é abordado a partir do método dialético e em articulação com o problema das controvérsias no campo marxista motivado pela tese de doutorado "A relação entre capital e educação escolar na obrade Dermeval Saviani: apontamentos críticos". Partindo do método de conhecimento desenvolvido por Marx considera-se o significado do tema, referente à relação entre educação, formação humana e ontologia, e responde, na sequência, algumas das objeções formuladas no âmbito da controvérsia levantada pela mencionada tese de doutoramento. Na construção do texto procedeu-se a uma argumentação distribuídaem quatro momentos. Após uma introdução situando a emergência do debate expõese, no segundo momento, o significado do método dialético tomando como referência a formulação teórica de Marx. O terceiro momento é dedicado ao esclarecimento das controvérsias ilustradas por meio de alguns exemplos. Na breve conclusão, destacas e o caráter da pedagogia histórico-crítica como teoria da educação formulada em consonância com o materialismo histórico.
Estado, emancipación y educación: una aproximación desde el pensamiento marxista
Authors: Rajland Beatriz
Published: November 2013

El presente artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el estado, la educación y la emancipación. Destacamos que una visión tradicional, considera al Estado como un sujeto autónomo y atribuyen poder propio a las instituciones, a los aparatos y esta afirmación es una construcción ideológica del Estado. También, mostramos que el Estado es un producto de la sociedad, y como estado de clase, por un lado, asegura la reproducción del modo de producción de una sociedad, y por otro lado, también es un lugar de la lucha de clases, un lugar en disputa. Frente a esta realidad, se necesita de la acción política, ya que es fundamental construir una contra hegemonía y la educación es uno de los instrumentos importantes para este fin. Los cursos de formación a partir de una perspectiva marxista, tienen que centrarse en el análisis del capitalismo de época, ya que es fundamental comprender la sociedad que existe hoy para producir una ruptura revolucionaria. En esa dirección, explicamos que es de vital importancia tener claro el horizonte de la ruptura revolucionaria y la posibilidad de la construcción de una nueva sociedad. Por eso, la discusión sobre la educación y el conocimiento son imprescindibles para debatir la emancipación a partir del pensamiento marxista.
Educação, consciência de classe e estratégia revolucionária
Authors: Iasi Mauro
Published: November 2013

O artigo discute o desenvolvimento da consciência de classe e as estratégias de transformação social, destacando o papel da educação, partindo da necessidade de compreender o atual momento de apassivamento da classe trabalhadora tendo por base o conceito marxiano de ideologia.
Educação e a crise estrutural do capital: o caso dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: November 2013

O presente artigo argumenta que a decadência do ensino público é, nos Estados Unidos, principalmente, um produto de contradições impostas externamente que são inerentes à educação na sociedade capitalista, agravadas em nossos tempos pelas condições de estagnação econômicas, em especial nas economias desenvolvidas, e pelos efeitos do próprio movimento de reforma conservador. Para tal fim, apresenta os pressupostos da política educacional e os desdobramentos e consequências para a educação pública – a partir de uma perspectiva histórica – no contexto da crise estrutural do capital nos Estados Unidos. Explicita-se a crise estrutural associada a uma nova fase do capitalismo: o capital monopolista-financeiro, caracterizada por: (1) estagnação econômica nas economias capitalistas desenvolvidas; (2) uma mudança dramática em direção à financeirização, as bolhas especulativas como meio de expansão econômica; e (3) a rápida concentração (e monopolização) de capital em uma escala global, mostrando, como uma consequência do lento crescimento endêmico para as economias desenvolvidas, que as grandes corporações que dominam a economia mundial atual são obrigadas a procurar novos mercados para investimento, fora de suas áreas tradicionais de atuação, levando à aquisição e privatização de elementos-chave da administração do Estado. A contrapartida política do capital monopolista-financeiro é, portanto, a reestruturação neoliberal, em que o Estado é cada vez mais ocupado por interesses privados. Apresentando diversos autores da área da economia e com base em Marx – o texto vai informando a relação de degradação e desvalorização da educação pública. Finaliza suas análises indicando a necessidade de uma longa revolução, para criar, entre outras coisas, uma nova educação ligada à comunidade, e desenvolvida a partir das necessidades reais das pessoas.
Art-Based Occupation Group Reduces Parent Anxiety in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Mouradian Laurie E. , DeGrace Beth W. , Thompson David M.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE. We examined whether an art-based occupation group using scrapbooking in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) would reduce parent stress, operationalized as anxiety. We also wanted to understand the parents’ lived experience of the group.

METHOD. Forty parents from a Level 3 NICU in a large metropolitan hospital participated. We administered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory preactivity and postactivity along with a brief interview.

RESULTS. The decline in parents’ mean state anxiety (12.7 points, SD = 11.8; p < .0001) was clinically significant. The decline in mean trait anxiety (2.6 points, SD = 5.2; p = .0036) was statistically significant but not clinically meaningful. Parents said that participation offered distraction and engagement, pleasure, relaxation, a sense of hope, and an opportunity to share.

CONCLUSION. An art-based occupation group using scrapbooking was an effective brief intervention to reduce parent anxiety in the neonatal intensive care unit; parent interviews suggested that participation has broad clinical implications for parent well-being.
Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy and Mental Health Promotion, Prevention, and Intervention for Children and Youth
Authors: Arbesman Marian , Bazyk Susan , Nochajski Susan M.
Published: November 2013

We describe the results of a systematic review of the literature on children’s mental health using a public health model consisting of three levels of mental health service: universal, targeted, and intensive. At the universal level, strong evidence exists for the effectiveness of occupation- and activity-based interventions in many areas, including programs that focus on social–emotional learning; schoolwide bullying prevention; and after-school, performing arts, and stress management activities. At the targeted level, strong evidence indicates that social and life skills programs are effective for children who are aggressive, have been rejected, and are teenage mothers. The evidence also is strong that children with intellectual impairments, developmental delays, and learning disabilities benefit from social skills programming and play, leisure, and recreational activities. Additionally, evidence of the effectiveness of social skills programs is strong for children requiring services at the intensive level (e.g., those with autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed mental illness, serious behavior disorders) to improve social behavior and self-management.
Effects of Cognitive Task Demands on Subsequent Symptoms and Activity in Adults With Symptomatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kratz Anna L. , Schepens Stacey L. , Murphy Susan L.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE. Adults with osteoarthritis (OA) experience fatigue in daily life that is negatively related to physical activity; however, it is unclear how task demands affect fatigue and occupational performance. We examined effects of a cognitive task on subsequent symptoms and activity.

METHOD. Adults with knee or hip OA completed a standardized cognitive task during a lab visit. Objective physical activity and symptoms were tracked during two home-monitoring periods (i.e., 4-day period before and 5-day period after the lab visit). Multilevel modeling was used to compare pretask with posttask fatigue, pain, and activity levels.

RESULTS. Fatigue increased and pain decreased for 2 days after performing the lab task. The authors found no pretask to posttask changes in activity levels. At posttask, daily fatigue and activity patterns changed relative to baseline.

CONCLUSION. For adults with symptomatic OA, cognitive task demands may be an important contributor to fatigue and pain.
Broadening the Occupational Therapy Toolkit: An Executive Functioning Lens for Occupational Therapy With Children and Youth
Authors: Cramm Heidi , Krupa Terry , Missiuna Cheryl , Lysaght Rosemary M. , Parker Kevin C. H.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE. Attention to executive functioning (EF) and its effect on occupational performance is increasing in the occupational therapy literature. This study explored occupational therapists’ perceptions of how EF is recognized and addressed within occupational therapy for children and youth.

METHOD. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the in-depth interview data from 13 occupational therapists with a range of practice contexts and experience.

RESULTS. EF should be explicitly considered during clinical reasoning. System and professional barriers create challenges to occupational therapists, constraining their ability to recognize, label, and address EF performance issues. Occupational therapists who have integrated EF into their practice perspective have acquired knowledge and skills through interprofessional collaborations, client interactions, and professional development opportunities.

CONCLUSION. Occupational therapists working with children and youth need an occupational EF framework and practice resources if they are to integrate an EF lens to more broadly enable occupational performance.
Functional Test for the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity Normative Database
Authors: Rowe Veronica T.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to develop a normative database of results of the Functional Test for the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity (FTHUE) from able-bodied participants.

METHOD. Ninety healthy adults, aged 20–80, were assessed on the timed tasks of the FTHUE with their nondominant upper extremity serving as the weaker side.

RESULTS. A normative table with means and standard deviations for the timed tasks of the FTHUE was created to provide reference values for upper-extremity performance. Significant differences were found among participants by gender and age.

CONCLUSION. The FTHUE is an easy-to-administer, inexpensive, quick evaluation. It yields standardized data that allow clinicians to observe their clients performing functional tasks. The table of normative data will further assist clinicians in their assessment of clients with hemiparesis.
State of the Journal, 2013
Authors: Gutman Sharon A.
Published: November 2013

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has developed into a solid research journal, increasingly disseminating evidence-based research able to inform practice.
From Heartfelt Leadership to Compassionate Care
Authors: Stoffel Virginia C.
Published: November 2013

Because of the collective efforts of its members, AOTA has achieved much toward reaching the Centennial Vision. Members need to remain focused on maintaining the momentum and “leaning in” to fully realize the promise of the vision.
Quality Improvement in Neurology: Dementia Management Quality Measures (Executive Summary)
Authors: Odenheimer Germaine , Borson Soo , Sanders Amy E. , Swain-Eng Rebecca J. , Kyomen Helen H. , Tierney Samantha , Gitlin Laura , Forciea Mary Ann , Absher John , Shega Joseph , Johnson Jerry
Published: November 2013

This article represents the efforts of an interdisciplinary work group, the Dementia Measures Work Group (DWG), composed of representatives of diverse national organizations who convened specifically to define optimal standards of dementia care for individual practitioners as well as multidisciplinary teams. The DWG measurement set includes all stages of dementia in a single measure set, calls for the use of functional staging in planning care, prompts the use of validated instruments in patient and caregiver assessment and intervention, highlights the relevance of using palliative care concepts to guide care prior to the advanced stages of illness, and provides evidence-based support for its recommendations and guidance on the selection of instruments for tracking patient-centered outcomes. In addition, it specifies annual reassessment and updating of interventions and care plans for dementia-related problems that affect families and other caregivers as well as patients.
The Collection 6 MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean
Authors: Levy R. C. , Mattoo S. , Munchak L. A. , Remer L. A. , Sayer A. M. , Patadia F. , Hsu N. C.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The twin Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have been flying on Terra since 2000 and Aqua since 2002, creating an extensive data set of global Earth observations. Here, we introduce the Collection 6 (C6) algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol size parameters from MODIS-observed spectral reflectance. While not a major overhaul from the previous Collection 5 (C5) version, there are enough changes that there are significant impacts to the products and their interpretation. The C6 aerosol data set will be created from three separate retrieval algorithms that operate over different surface types. These are the two "Dark Target" (DT) algorithms for retrieving (1) over ocean (dark in visible and longer wavelengths) and (2) over vegetated/dark-soiled land (dark in the visible), plus the "Deep Blue" (DB) algorithm developed originally for retrieving (3) over desert/arid land (bright in the visible). Here, we focus on DT-ocean and DT-land (#1 and #2). We have updated assumptions for central wavelengths, Rayleigh optical depths and gas (H2O, O3, CO2, etc.) absorption corrections, while relaxing the solar zenith angle limit (up to ≤ 84°) to increase poleward coverage. For DT-land, we have updated the cloud mask to allow heavy smoke retrievals, fine-tuned the assignments for aerosol type as function of season/location, corrected bugs in the Quality Assurance (QA) logic, and added diagnostic parameters such topographic altitude. For DT-ocean, improvements include a revised cloud mask for thin-cirrus detection, inclusion of wind speed dependence on the surface reflectance, updates to logic of QA Confidence flag (QAC) assignment, and additions of important diagnostic information. At the same time, we quantified how "upstream" changes to instrument calibration, land/sea masking and cloud masking will also impact the statistics of global AOD, and affect Terra and Aqua differently. For Aqua, all changes will result in reduced global AOD (by 0.02) over ocean and increased AOD (by 0.02) over land, along with changes in spatial coverage. We compared preliminary data to surface-based sun photometer data, and show that C6 should improve upon C5. C6 will include a merged DT/DB product over semi-arid land surfaces for reduced-gap coverage and better visualization, and new information about clouds in the aerosol field. Responding to the needs of the air quality community, in addition to the standard 10 km product, C6 will include a global (DT-land and DT-ocean) aerosol product at 3 km resolution.
APIFLAME v1.0: high resolution fire emission model and application to the Euro-Mediterranean region
Authors: Turquety S. , Menut L. , Bessagnet B. , Anav A. , Viovy N. , Maignan F. , Wooster M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper describes a new model for the calculation of daily, high-resolution (up to 1 km) fire emissions, developed in the framework of the APIFLAME project (Analysis and Prediction of the Impact of Fires on Air quality ModEling). The methodology relies on the classical approach, multiplying the burned area by the fuel load and the emission factors specific to the vegetation burned. Emissions can be calculated on any user-specified domain, horizontal grid, and list of trace gases and aerosols, providing input information on the burned area (location, extent) and emission factors of the targeted species are available. The strength of the proposed algorithm is its high resolution and its flexibility in terms of domain and input data (including the vegetation classification). The modification of the default values and databases proposed does not require changes in the core of the model. The code may be used for the calculation of global or regional inventories. However, it has been developed and tested more specifically for Europe and the Mediterranean area. In this region, the burning season extends from June to October in most regions, with generally small but frequent fires in Eastern Europe, Western Russia, Ukraine and Turkey, and large events in the Mediterranean area. The resulting emissions represents a significant fraction of the total yearly emissions (on average amounting to ~30% of anthropogenic emissions for PM2.5, ~20% for CO). The uncertainty on the daily carbon emissions was estimated to ~100% based on an ensemble analysis. Considering the large uncertainties on emission factors, the potential error on the emissions for the various pollutants is even larger. Comparisons to other widely used emission inventories shows good correlations but discrepancies of a factor of 2–4 on the amplitude of the emissions, our results being generally on the higher end.
Temporal variations and change of forest fire danger in Europe in 1960–2012
Authors: Venäläinen A. , Korhonen N. , Koutsias N. , Xystrakis F. , Urbieta I. R. , Moreno J. M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Understanding how fire-weather danger indices changed in the past, and detecting how changes affected forest fire activity is important in changing climate. We used the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI), calculated from two reanalysis datasets, ERA 40 and ERA Interim, to examine the temporal variation of forest fire danger in Europe in 1960–2012. Additionally, we used national forest-fires statistical data from Greece and Spain to relate fire danger and fire activity. There is no obvious trend in fire danger for the time period covered by ERA 40 (1960–1999) whereas for the period 1980–2012 covered by ERA Interim, the mean FWI and the number of high fire risk days shows an increasing trend which is significant at the 99% confidence level for South and East Europe. The cross-correlation calculated at national level in Greece and Spain between mean yearly area burned and mean FWI of the current season is of the order 0.5–0.6, and demonstrates the importance of the fire-season weather on forest fires. Our results show that, fire risk is multifaceted, and factors like changes in fire fighting capacity, ignition patterns, or landscapes might have played a role in forest fires trends. However, weather trends remain as important determinants of forest fires.