bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foliar application of three dithiocarbamates inhibits the absorption and accumulation of Cd in wheat
Authors: Gao Zhixin , Huang Qingqing , Liu Yetong , Li Boyan , Ma Tiantian , Qin Xu , Zhao Lijie , Sun Yuebing , Xu Yingming
Published: October 2022

Spraying of DTCs can effectively prevent the absorption and accumulation of Cd in wheat and reduce the Cd level in grains. Zn, Mn and Cd were antagonistic in wheat, and the transport of Cd from soil to root and from husk to grain was inhibited.
Preparation of battery-grade lithium carbonate by microbubble enhanced CO2 gas–liquid reactive crystallization
Authors: Lu Jijun , Tian Menghua , Cao Jianwei , Liu Junhao , Guo Jianwei , Sun Yiwei , Pang Sheng , Qian Guoyu , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2022

A microbubble enhanced CO2 gas–liquid reactive crystallization process for the one-step preparation of battery-grade Li2CO3 has been proposed. The LiFePO4 cathode synthesized from battery-grade Li2CO3 exhibits a remarkable specific capacity.
Enhanced catalytic activity of CO2 hydrogenation to CO over sulfur-containing Ni/ZrO2 catalysts: support size effect
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Zang Yunhao , Gao Feng , Qu Jiangying , Gu Jianfeng , Lin Xuetan
Published: October 2022

S-containing Ni/ZrO2 catalysts with different support sizes show CO2 conversion of 27.6–15.2% with 100% CO selectivity.
Copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of tryptamines with diazo compounds to access hexahydropyrroloindoline derivatives
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Chaudhary Dhananjay , Ishu Km , Yadav Suman , Maurya Naveen Kumar , Kant Ruchir , Kuram Malleswara Rao
Published: October 2022

A Cu-catalyzed cyclopropanation/ring-opening/iminium cyclization of tryptamine derivatives with donor–acceptor diazo compounds is developed to furnish pyrroloindolines, creating three consecutive stereogenic centers.
Comparative study of Hg(ii) biosorption performance of xanthated and charred sugarcane bagasse from aqueous solutions
Authors: Homagai Puspa Lal , Bhattarai Mahesh , Radhika K. M. , Ghimire Kedar Nath , Paudyal Hari , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: October 2022

Ion exchange adsorption mechanism of Hg(ii) onto the monomeric unit of charred xanthated sugarcane bagasse (CXSB).
Partial peptide dissociation and binding groove plasticity in two major histocompatibility complex class I alleles – differences between allelesversusforce field and sampling effects
Authors: Wingbermühle Sebastian , Schäfer Lars V.
Published: October 2022

In solution, high-affinity peptides are likely to dissociate partially from two alleles of major histocompatibility complex I. Despite very similar free-energy profiles, two molecular dynamics force fields predict different underlying mechanisms.
Modulating between 2e− and 4e− pathways in the oxygen reduction reaction with laser-synthesized iron oxide-grafted nitrogen-doped carbon
Authors: Wang Huize , Jerigova Maria , Hou Jing , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Delacroix Simon , López-Salas Nieves , Strauss Volker
Published: October 2022

Laser patterning of different precursor mixtures allows modulating the selectivity of iron oxide supported on N-doped carbons for ORR electrocatalysis.
Structure-related bandgap of hybrid lead halide perovskites and close-packed APbX3 family of phases
Authors: Marchenko Ekaterina I. , Fateev Sergey A. , Korolev Vadim V. , Buchinskiy Vladimir , Eremin N. N. , Goodilin Eugene A. , Tarasov Alexey B.
Published: October 2022

The band gaps and proportions of vertex-connected PbI6 octahedra in hexagonal APbI3 polytypes are shown. The size of the balls shows the size of the “cubic” block of vertex-connected octahedra in the crystal structure of polytypes.
Opportunities and challenges for machine learning to select combination of donor and acceptor materials for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Malhotra Prateek , Khandelwal Kanupriya , Biswas Subhayan , Chen Fang-Chung , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: October 2022

In this review, current progress, opportunities, and challenges for ML in OSCs have been identified. Given the rapid advances in this field, impactful techniques that have been useful in extracting meaningful insights are discussed.
Harmonizing conjugated and non-conjugated emission for amorphous blue organic afterglow through copolymerization and aggregation engineering
Authors: Zhang Longyan , Peng Hao , Zhang Jingyu , Guo Zhenli , Jin Yishan , Zhang Shuwei , Tao Ye , Zheng Chao , Chen Runfeng
Published: October 2022

High-performance water-responsive OURTP polymers with simultaneously elongated lifetimes and improved efficiency were achieved by harmonizing cluster-triggered emission and conjugated luminance.
Mechano-tunable circularly polarized luminescence of flexible nanocomposite films
Authors: Li Jiahe , Xie Yifan , Feng Zeyu , Zhang Chutian , Zhang Hongli , Chen Xin , Zou Gang
Published: October 2022

A novel mechano-tunable CPL emissive composite film have been experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, multilevel information encryption including FL combined with CPL features and phosphorescence could be successfully achieved using the inkjet printing technology.
Dietary restriction and medical therapy drives PPARα-regulated improvements in early diabetic kidney disease in male rats
Authors: Martin William P. , Nair Meera , Chuah Yeong H.D. , Malmodin Daniel , Pedersen Anders , Abrahamsson Sanna , Hutter Michaela , Abdelaal Mahmoud , Elliott Jessie A. , Fearon Naomi , Eckhardt Hans , Godson Catherine , Brennan Eoin P. , Fändriks Lars , le Roux Carel W. , Docherty Neil G.
Published: October 2022

The attenuation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by metabolic surgery is enhanced by pharmacotherapy promoting renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using the Zucker Diabetic Fatty and Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat models of DKD, we conducted studies to determine if these effects could be replicated with a non-invasive bariatric mimetic intervention. Metabolic control and renal injury were compared in rats undergoing a dietary restriction plus medical therapy protocol (DMT; fenofibrate, liraglutide, metformin, ramipril, and rosuvastatin) and ad libitum-fed controls. The global renal cortical transcriptome and urinary 1H-NMR metabolomic profiles were also compared. Kidney cell type-specific and medication-specific transcriptomic responses were explored through in silico deconvolution. Transcriptomic and metabolomic correlates of improvements in kidney structure were defined using a molecular morphometric approach. The DMT protocol led to ∼20% weight loss, normalized metabolic parameters and was associated with reductions in indices of glomerular and proximal tubular injury. The transcriptomic response to DMT was dominated by changes in fenofibrate- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-governed peroxisomal and mitochondrial FAO transcripts localizing to the proximal tubule. DMT induced urinary excretion of PPARα-regulated metabolites involved in nicotinamide metabolism and reversed DKD-associated changes in the urinary excretion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. FAO transcripts and urinary nicotinamide and TCA cycle metabolites were moderately to strongly correlated with improvements in glomerular and proximal tubular injury. Weight loss plus pharmacological PPARα agonism is a promising means of attenuating DKD.
Interactions Between Breathy and Rough Voice Qualities and Their Contributions to Overall Dysphonia Severity
Authors: Park Yeonggwang , Anand Supraja , Kopf Lisa M. , Shrivastav Rahul , Eddins David A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Dysphonic voices typically present multiple voice quality dimensions. This study investigated potential interactions between perceived breathiness and roughness and their contributions to overall dysphonia severity.

Method:

Synthetic stimuli based on four talkers were created to systematically map out potential interactions. For each talker, a stimulus matrix composed of 49 stimuli (seven breathiness steps × seven roughness steps) was created by varying aspiration noise and open quotient to manipulate breathiness and superimposing amplitude modulation of varying depths to simulate roughness. One-dimensional matching (1DMA) and magnitude estimation (1DME) tasks were used to measure perceived breathiness, roughness, their potential interactions, and overall dysphonia severity. Additional 1DME tasks were used to assess a set of natural stimuli that varied along both breathiness and roughness.

Results:

For the synthetic stimuli, the 1DMA task indicated little interaction between the two voice qualities. For the 1DME task, breathiness magnitude was influenced by roughness step to a greater extent than roughness magnitude was influenced by breathiness step. The additive contributions of breathiness and roughness to overall severity gradually diminished with increasing breathiness and roughness steps, possibly reflecting a ceiling effect in the 1DME task. For the natural stimuli, little consistent interaction was observed between breathiness and roughness.

Conclusions:

The matching task revealed minimal interaction between perceived breathiness and roughness, whereas the magnitude estimation task revealed some interaction between the two qualities and their cumulative contributions to overall dysphonia severity. Task differences are discussed in terms of differences in response bias and the role of perceptual anchors.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21313701
Mechanical Behaviour of Macroscopic Interfaces for 3D Printed Multi-material Samples
Authors: Ermolai Vasile , Sover Alexandru , Boca Marius Andrei , Hriţuc Adelina , Slătineanu Laurenţiu , Nagîţ Gheorghe , Stavarache Răzvan Cosmin
Published: October 2022

The development of 3D Printing technologies introduced new possibilities regarding multi-material part production. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of those technologies suitable for multi-material 3D printing. Usually, multi-material parts are manufactured from different blends of the same material, also known as multi-colour 3D printing, or from materials with good chemical compatibility. Conventionally, a simple face-to-face bond interface between parts’ bodies and a chemical bond between thermoplastics define the mechanical performance of multi-material components. In this regard, the paper aimed to investigate the strength of the contact interface of multi-material specimens using a geometrical approach. Therefore, multiple interlocking interfaces were investigated, such as omega shape, T-shape, dovetail, and others for samples made of low-compatibility thermoplastic materials, acrylic styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The results showed that macroscopic inter-locking interfaces are significantly increasing the mechanical properties.
Optimization of Manufacturing Processes by Reducing the Costs of Tools and Equipment on Hydraulically Operated High-Pressure Technological Lines
Authors: Popescu Teodor Costinel , Chiriţă Alexandru-Polifron , Popescu Ana-Maria Carla , Vlad Andrei , Trăneci Gheorghe Alexandru , Popescu Alina Iolanda
Published: October 2022

Most technological manufacturing lines include hydraulically operated stationary tools, devices and equipment. During a manufacturing cycle, there are phases, usually short, in which part of the hydraulic cylinders of the drive systems concerned, with small gauges and displacement speeds, have to generate / maintain high clamping or pressing forces, which implies functioning at high working pressures.

The solution for such cylinders is to use modular hydraulic pumping units comprising: oil tank; low-pressure electric pump; hydraulic directional valve for starting, stopping and changing the direction of displacement of the cylinder; electric pump pressure control valve; pressure filter; return filter; oscillating hydraulic pressure intensifier (minibooster mounted directly on the cylinder).

Such pumping units, which consume low pressure (in the primary side of the minibooster) to generate high pressure (in the secondary side of the minibooster), are cost-effective when it comes to the procurement of components, installing them, the space required for installation, and their maintenance, too.

The classic applications of using them are for achieving and maintaining high pressure values, either in volumes of closed spaces (endurance tests on pipes and tanks), or at the active stroke end of hydraulic cylinders (hydraulic presses).

The authors demonstrate, on a laboratory test bench, the following:

- The range of applications of such pumping units can be extended in a third direction, namely for actuation of hydraulic cylinders with low gauge / speeds and constant high load (high working pressure) over the entire stroke;

- The uniformity of displacement of these cylinders with load over the entire stroke, fed and actuated by such pumping units, is weakly affected by the pulsating mode of operation of the hydraulic pressure intensifier.
Neural networks for predicting kerf characteristics of CO2 laser-machined FFF PLA/WF plates
Authors: Fountas N. A. , Ninikas K. , Chaidas D. , Kechagias J. , Vaxevanidis N. M.
Published: October 2022

The current work is a follow-up of previous research published by the authors and investigates the effect of CO2 laser cutting with variable cutting parameters of thin 3D printed wood flour mixed with poly-lactic-acid (PLA/WF) plates on kerf angle (KA) and mean surface roughness (Ra). The full factorial experiments previously conducted, followed a custom response surface methodology (RSM) to formulate a continuous search domain for statistical analysis. Cutting direction, standoff distance, travel speed and beam power were the independent process parameters with mixed levels, resulting to a set of 24 experiments. The 24 experiments were repeated three times giving a total of 72 experimental tryouts. The results analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression, to study the synergy and effect of the parameters on the responses. Thereby, several neural network topologies were tested to achieve the best results and find a suitable neural network to correlate inputs and outputs, thus; contributing to related academic research and actual industrial applications.
Management of tools in digital manufacturing - A case study
Authors: Vukadinović Vojin , Živković Jovan , Đurđanović Dragan , Majstorović Vidosav
Published: October 2022

The rapid market changes and strong product individualization create the need for great flexibility of manufacturing management on new foundations, such as the Industry 4.0 model. Digital manufacturing is the basis for Industry 4.0, which has the following dimensions: (a) digital manufacturing based on advanced digital-oriented technologies, (b) smart products (advanced manufacturing model and new characteristics), and (c) smart supply chain of raw materials and delivery of finished products). Bidirectional exchange of information in collaborative manufacturing, using it exchange also for digital platforms of design of the innovative products. In this paper we are show developed model of Serbian digital factory of home cookware and appliance manufacturing for tools lifecycle management (TLM) in workshop for metal forming as a part of MES model.
In-situ prediction of the spatial surface roughness profile during slot milling
Authors: Peukert Bernd , Rangaraju Adithya , Archenti Andreas
Published: October 2022

Quality inspection is traditionally considered non-productive. That is why the manufacturing industries aim to decrease inspection times to a bare minimum without sacrificing part quality. Alongside the implementation of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, data-driven in-situ quality control is a potential enabler for minimizing inspection times. In that, the surface roughness parameter prediction is the subject of a large body of research, but studies on the spatial surface roughness profile prediction are limited. This research contributes to this field by using vibration signals and physics-informed machine learning models for the in-situ prediction of the surface roughness profile. A tri-axial accelerometer mounted on the machine tool spindle is used to capture the vibrations during a slot milling process. For one tool revolution during a stable cut, the observed acceleration in the three axes and the surface roughness profile are periodic. A model is constructed to establish the correlation between the input signals and the spatial surface roughness profile by utilizing a physics-based model of the tool trajectory together with a two-layer feed-forward neural network. Furthermore, the feature engineering of denoised velocities and displacements derived by the numerical integration of the acceleration signals improves the prediction performance with overfitting. The results show a good correlation between the spatial surface roughness and the accelerometer signals.
An Inverse Analysis Method Applied to Optimization of Specimen’s Shape for Performing Hot Rapid Crushing Tests from Homogeneous Initial Temperature Field
Authors: Gavrus Adinel
Published: October 2022

Specific experimental tests with loadings conditions close to those of industrial fast forming processes as rapid forging, rapid stamping or high speed machining, characterized by large plastic strains, localized deformations and important gradients of strain rates, strain and temperature, requires to analyses material flow behavior at different initial temperatures. One of the more important conditions to obtain intrinsic rheological constitutive equations is to have a quasi-homogenous initial temperature distribution and especially to keep constant the material microstructure during the specimens heating. The rapid induction heating seems to be one of the most reliable processes. This scientific study proposes an inverse analysis technique based on numerical finite element modelling to define on the thermal point of view, optimal specimen shapes for performing hot rapid crushing tests from homogenous initial temperature field.
An Energy Approach Applied to Define Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Models Describing Thermomechanical Metallic Materials Behavior During Forming Processes
Authors: Gavrus Adinel
Published: October 2022

A new formalism for the definition of metallic materials constitutive laws expressing the stress as a function of the plastic deformation energy it is proposed. This new approach, called energy approach, can integrate physical mechanisms governing the microstructure changes during a plastic deformation. It is also important to emphasize that the proposed energy formulation is more relevant since it can describe physical phenomena taking place in a material forming process characterizing at the different scales the material properties evolution. This formulation remains valid for a large field of deformation, the whole spectrum of loading conditions and remains able to predict rigorously the material response for all types of stresses states: static, transient or dynamic.
Analytisch denken in Hypothesenkategorien – Clinical Reasoning – Teil 2 von 3
Authors: Jones Mark
Published: October 2022

Pathologien können bei jedem Menschen unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sein. Folglich sollten Physiotherapeut*innen niemals nur auf Symptomatik und Funktionalität fokussieren. In diesem Sinne berücksichtigt das Clinical Reasoning auch Kriterien wie körperliche Aktivität, soziale Teilhabe, psychologische, soziale und zur Erkrankung beitragende Faktoren. Falls diese Aspekte dominieren, können sie eine Genesung massiv behindern.
Motorized spiral enteroscopy-assisted ERCP in surgically altered anatomy: early experience from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schneider Markus , Höllerich Jörg , Gerges Christian , Balasus Nicole , Neuhaus Horst , Beyna Torsten
Published: October 2022

Background Motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) was recently introduced into clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of MSE for biliopancreatic interventions in patients with surgically altered anatomy.

Methods Patients with surgically altered anatomy receiving MSE-assisted ERCP at a single, endoscopy referral center were retrospectively enrolled between January 2016 and June 2021.

Results 36 patients (14 female, 22 male), median age 67 years (range 43–88), with biliary (n = 35) and pancreatic (n = 1) indications for MSE-ERCP, were enrolled. The majority (75.0 %) had relevant comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists class III). Surgical reconstruction included Roux-en-Y (n = 30) and Billroth II (n = 6). Technical success rates for enteroscopy, cannulation, and interventions were 86.1 %, 83.9 %, and 100 %, respectively. The overall MSE-ERCP success rate was 72.2 %. One major complication occurred (2.8 %; delayed post-sphincterotomy bleeding).

Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of MSE-assisted ERCP in postsurgical patients with altered anatomy at an expert center. These data justify further evaluation of this new technique, preferably in a prospective multicenter trial.
Documentation Burden in Nursing and Its Role in Clinician Burnout Syndrome
Authors: Gesner Emily , Dykes Patricia C. , Zhang Lingling , Gazarian Priscilla
Published: October 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between documentation burden and clinician burnout syndrome in nurses working in direct patient care. The Office of the National Coordinator considers documentation burden a high priority problem. However, the presence of documentation burden in nurses working in direct patient care is not well known. Furthermore, the presence of documentation burden has not been linked to the development of clinician burnout syndrome.

Methods This paper reports that the results of a cross-sectional survey study comprised of three tools: (1) The burden of documentation for nurses and mid-wives survey, (2) the system usability scale, and (3) Maslach's burnout inventory for medical professionals.

Results Documentation burden has a weak to moderate correlation to clinician burnout syndrome. Furthermore, poor usability of the electronic health record (EHR) is also associated with documentation burden and clinician burnout syndrome.

Conclusion This study suggests that there is a relationship between documentation burden and clinician burnout syndrome. The correlation of poor usability and domains of clinician burnout syndrome implies the need for more work on improving the usability of EHR for nursing documentation. Further study regarding the presence of documentation burden and its correlation to clinician burnout syndrome should focus on specific areas of nursing to understand the drivers of documentation burden variation within and across specialty domains.
Evolutionary optimization of the short-circuit current enhancement in organic solar cells by nanostructured electrodes
Authors: Bai Ping , Abdelkhalik Mohamed S. , Castanheira Diogo G. A. , Gómez Rivas Jaime
Published: October 2022

Using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (a population-based stochastic optimization technique) combined with 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations, we inverse design periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles on indium-tin-oxide electrodes and nanoholes in metallic thin films working as electrodes in P3HT (Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)):PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) organic solar cells to achieve the maximum short-circuit currents (Jsc). Nanohole-array electrodes have large optical losses, leading to a net reduction of Jsc compared to a reference solar cell. On the other hand, nanoparticle arrays can lead to a significant enhancement of Jsc of up to 20%. Detailed simulations show that this enhancement is caused by the grating coupling of the incident light to surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of the metal electrode and the hole transport layer, leading to the enhancement of the electromagnetic field in the organic blend.
Multicharged ion processing for targeted nanostructure formation
Authors: Srinadhu E. S. , Kulkarni D. D. , Field D. A. , Harriss J. E. , Sosolik C. E.
Published: October 2022

We report on nano-patterning with multiply charged argon ions that facilitates the self-assembly of epitaxial Cu3Si nanostructures. In particular, we show that the impact sites formed from the dissipation of the incident ion potential energy for Arq+ (q=1,4,8) modulate the growth density and growth rate for silicide nanostructures. The observed nanostructure densities were found to vary as q∼0.9 for strain-driven, shape transition-type growth, and the observed growth rates far exceeded those obtained under thermal conditions. Relating the growth density to an underlying sputter yield for SiO2, we find a dependence on the ion potential energy relatively similar to that observed by others for Iq+ ions incident on a thermally grown oxide.
Phase equilibria molecular simulations of hydrogen hydrates via the direct phase coexistence approach
Authors: Michalis Vasileios K. , Economou Ioannis G. , Stubos Athanasios K. , Tsimpanogiannis Ioannis N.
Published: October 2022

We report the three-phase (hydrate–liquid water–vapor) equilibrium conditions of the hydrogen–water binary system calculated with molecular dynamics simulations via the direct phase coexistence approach. A significant improvement of ∼10.5 K is obtained in the current study, over earlier simulation attempts, by using a combination of modifications related to the hydrogen model that include (i) hydrogen Lennard-Jones parameters that are a function of temperature and (ii) the water–guest energy interaction parameters optimized further by using the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules, based on an improved description of the solubility of hydrogen in water.
Dynamics of mixing flow with double-layer density stratification: Enstrophy and vortical structures
Authors: Pei Binbin , Li FangBo , Luo Zhengyuan , Zhao Liang , Bai Bofeng
Published: October 2022

Previous studies on stratified shear layers involving two streams with different densities have been conducted under the Boussinesq approximation, while the combined effect of stratified instability and mean shear in relation to multi-layer density stratification induced by scalar fields remains an unresolved fundamental question. In this paper, the shear-driven mixing flow involving initial double-layer density interfaces due to the compositional differences are numerically investigated, in which the mean shear interacts with Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI). Since its critical role in dynamics of shear layers and scalar transport, we focus on the evolution of entrophy and vortical structures. We find that the dynamics of mixing layers are determined by the mean shear and the distance between the initial density stratification. The mean shear and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability dominate the evolution of shear layers at the initial stage. The increase in mean shear, therefore, is favorable for turbulent mixing, irrespective of effect of RTI. However, once the transition of turbulence occurs, the mean shear becomes weaker and RTI becomes prominent. This promotes the destruction of hairpin vortex and generation of vortex tube. In addition, the interaction of mean shear with RTI becomes weaker with increasing distance between initial density stratification. Furthermore, the viscous dissipation of enstrophy is larger than enstrophy production in the turbulent region due to the effect of RTI. The baroclinic term has the larger contribution in the turbulent region than near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, which is different from the results of stably stratified flow under the Boussinesq approximation.
Assassins and apples: the environmental constraints of two snails that threaten Australian aquatic systems
Authors: Bodley Brenton , Holmes Bonnie J. , Williams Samuel M. , Tibbetts Ian R. , Burfeind Dana D. , McDougall Carmel
Published: October 2022

Context Alien freshwater snails pose a substantial risk to Australian native aquatic biota. Aims This study aims to determine the thermal and salinity ranges of two introduced species within Australia, Pomacea sp. and Anentome sp., to facilitate predictions of their potential geographic range should they become widely established. Methods Laboratory tests were conducted to assess behavioural responses of snails to altered temperature or salinity after different acclimation regimes. Key results After acclimation at 25°C, Pomacea sp. had a median activity range of 13.5–38°C and Anentome sp. of 12–38.5°C. Higher acclimation temperatures produced observable effects, whereas lower acclimation temperatures did not. Salinity tolerances differed, with Pomacea sp. remaining active at up to 8 parts per thousand (ppt) (after acclimation at 25°C), with acclimation at 20°C resulting in a lower salinity tolerance. By contrast, Anentome sp. snails were active at up to 5 ppt after low salinity acclimation, demonstrating enhanced salinity tolerance compared with non-salinity acclimations. Conclusions These results showed that both snails are capable of surviving temperatures and salinities that would allow invasion into subtropical and warm-temperate Australian aquatic systems. Implications Free from the constraints of natural predators, competitors, and parasites, these snails should be of great concern to biosecurity agencies in Australia.
Responsiveness to interleukin-15 therapy is shared between tissue-resident and circulating memory CD8
+
T cell subsets
Authors: Jarjour Nicholas N. , Wanhainen Kelsey M. , Peng Changwei , Gavil Noah V. , Maurice Nicholas J. , Borges da Silva Henrique , Martinez Ryan J. , Dalzell Talia S. , Huggins Matthew A. , Masopust David , Hamilton Sara E. , Jameson Stephen C.
Published: October 2022

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is often considered a central regulator of memory CD8
+
T cells, based primarily on studies of recirculating subsets. However, recent work identified IL-15–independent CD8
+
T cell memory populations, including tissue-resident memory CD8
+
T cells (T
RM
) in some nonlymphoid tissues (NLTs). Whether this reflects the existence of IL-15–insensitive memory CD8
+
T cells is unclear. We report that IL-15 complexes (IL-15c) stimulate rapid proliferation and expansion of both tissue-resident and circulating memory CD8
+
T cell subsets across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues with varying magnitude by tissue and memory subset, in some sites correlating with differing levels of the IL-2Rβ. This was conserved for memory CD8
+
T cells recognizing distinct antigens and elicited by different pathogens. Following IL-15c–induced expansion, divided cells contracted to baseline numbers and only slowly returned to basal proliferation, suggesting a mechanism to transiently amplify memory populations. Through parabiosis, we showed that IL-15c drive local proliferation of T
RM
, with a degree of recruitment of circulating cells to some NLTs. Hence, irrespective of homeostatic IL-15 dependence, IL-15 sensitivity is a defining feature of memory CD8
+
T cell populations, with therapeutic potential for expansion of T
RM
and other memory subsets in an antigen-agnostic and temporally controlled fashion.
Food security and livelihood challenges of extensive goat production systems in desertification areas
Authors: Ronda-Borzone Pablo , Donoso Guillermo , Riveros F. José Luis
Published: October 2022

Undernourishment and food insecurity are still challenges threatening poor urban and rural communities. Approximately 12% of the global population faced severe food insecurity in 2020, representing 928 million people. A significant fraction of the world’s land surface is covered by drylands, and this proportion is expected to increase in the future, affecting the food security and livelihood of 2 billion people due to climate change. Goats have traditionally been a significant asset and source of protein for rural communities inhabiting arid and semiarid regions of the world. We hypothesize that goats were intentionally selected by communities in dry environments and might be the optimal animal to breed in the future due to their capability to survive in dry environments and to utilize less water than other livestock production systems. However, it must be considered that only a small fraction (1%–2%) of the total water consumed by goats is drunk or utilized directly by the animals. Most of the water consumed is utilized to grow the feed that livestock such as goats consumes. Which in most regions of the world is green water due to goats feed on the vegetation that grows in rainfed rangelands. Increasing water efficiency in goat production is thus critical in the context of increasing water scarcity and desertification. However, there is little research on goat water productivity and the impact of decreasing water security on the sustainability of goat production and, hence, on the livelihoods in small communities in developing countries. Therefore, the impact
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of increasing water scarcity and desertification on goat production in rainfed lands should be a research priority.
Perturbations of a class of locally rotationally symmetric cosmologies with applications to dissipative fluids
Authors: Semrén Philip , Bradley Michael
Published: October 2022

A gauge invariant perturbation theory, based on the

1
+
1
+
2

covariant split of spacetime, is used to study first order perturbations on a class of anisotropic cosmological backgrounds. The perturbations as well as the energy-momentum tensor are kept general, giving a system of equations on which different physical situations may be imposed. Through a harmonic decomposition, the system is then transformed to evolution equations in time and algebraic constraints. This result is then applied to dissipative one-component fluids, and on using the simplified acausal Eckart theory the system is reduced to two closed subsystems, governed by four and eight harmonic coefficients for the odd and even sectors respectively. The system is also seen to close in a simplified causal theory. It is then demonstrated, within the Eckart theory, how vorticity can be generated from viscosity.
Gradient flows and randomised thresholding: sparse inversion and classification*
Authors: Latz Jonas
Published: October 2022

Sparse inversion and classification problems are ubiquitous in modern data science and imaging. They are often formulated as non-smooth minimisation problems. In sparse inversion, we minimise, e.g., the sum of a data fidelity term and an L1/LASSO regulariser. In classification, we consider, e.g., the sum of a data fidelity term and a non-smooth Ginzburg–Landau energy. Standard (sub)gradient descent methods have shown to be inefficient when approaching such problems. Splitting techniques are much more useful: here, the target function is partitioned into a sum of two subtarget functions—each of which can be efficiently optimised. Splitting proceeds by performing optimisation steps alternately with respect to each of the two subtarget functions. In this work, we study splitting from a stochastic continuous-time perspective. Indeed, we define a differential inclusion that follows one of the two subtarget function’s negative subdifferential at each point in time. The choice of the subtarget function is controlled by a binary continuous-time Markov process. The resulting dynamical system is a stochastic approximation of the underlying subgradient flow. We investigate this stochastic approximation for an L1-regularised sparse inversion flow and for a discrete Allen–Cahn equation minimising a Ginzburg–Landau energy. In both cases, we study the longtime behaviour of the stochastic dynamical system and its ability to approximate the underlying subgradient flow at any accuracy. We illustrate our theoretical findings in a simple sparse estimation problem and also in low- and high-dimensional classification problems.
Significantly enhanced slow light effect in magnon–photon coupling system via cross-Kerr interaction
Authors: Liu Wei-Han , Yin Miao
Published: October 2022

We theoretically analyze the transmission characteristics of a magnon–photon coupling system based on ultrastrong optomechanical-like coupling via the cross-Kerr interaction. We use the definition of group delay to characterize the fast and slow light effects. It is found that the group delay of our system can be significantly improved by two to three orders of magnitude compared to previous studies in magnon–photon coupling systems, which means slow light effect can be significantly enhanced. By adjusting the driving power and frequency detuning of the microwave cavities, the magnitude and bandwidth of the group delay and transmittance can be adjusted precisely. Moreover, frequency control of slow light can be achieved by manipulating the strength of magnetic field. The influence of the cross-Kerr coupling strength of cavities on the system is also discussed in detail. The group delay of the system is close to milliseconds, while the transmittance is greatly improved. The result from this paper hopes to bring new development possibilities for the fabrication of optical memory and the construction of all-optical networks.
5f covalency from x-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tobin J G , Nowak S , Yu S-W , Alonso-Mori R , Kroll T , Nordlund D , Weng T-C , Sokaras D
Published: October 2022

X-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy (XRRS), a variant of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, has been used to investigate the two prototype systems, UF4and UO2. Both are U5f2and each is an example of 5f localized, ionic behavior and 5f localized, covalent behavior, respectively. From the M5XRRS measurements, the 5f band gap in each can be directly determined and, moreover, a clear and powerful sensitivity to 5f covalency emerges.
Gold single-atoms confined at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces with enhanced low-temperature activity toward CO oxidation
Authors: Kang Eunji , Choi Jungwoo , Choi Hyuk , Yun Jieun , Lee Ju Hyeok , Yoo Mi , Kim Chunjoong , Lee Hyuck Mo , Kim Hyun You
Published: October 2022

We use CeO
x
-TiO2 hetero-interfaces generated on the surface of CeO
x
-TiO2 hybrid oxide supporting powders to stabilize Au single-atoms (SAs) with excellent low-temperature activity toward CO oxidation. Based on intriguing density functional theory calculation results on the preferential formation of Au-SAs at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces and the high activity of Au-SAs toward the Mars–van Krevelen type CO oxidation, we synthesized a Au/CeO
x
-TiO2 (ACT) catalyst with 0.05 wt.% of Au content. The Au-SAs stabilized at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces by electronic coupling between Au and Ce showed improved low-temperature CO oxidation activity than the conventional Au/TiO2 control group catalyst. However, the light-off profile of ACT showed that the early activated Au-SAs are not vigorously participating in CO oxidation. The large portion of the positive effect on the overall catalytic activity from the low activation energy barrier of ACT was retarded by the negative impact from the decreasing active site density at high temperatures. We anticipate that the low-temperature activity and high-temperature stability of Au-SAs that stand against each other can be optimized by controlling the electronic coupling strength between Au-SAs and oxide clusters at the Au-oxide-TiO2 interfaces. Our results show that atomic-precision interface modulation could fine-tune the catalytic activity and stability of Au-SAs.
Effect of the reflow process on IMC growth for different devices and complex components
Authors: Cui Hao , Tian Wenchao , Zhao Xutao , Chen Shuai , Chen Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

Intermetallic compound (IMC), as an inevitable part between pad and solder, has a severe effect on the strength and reliability of microelectronic interconnection. Here, an investigation was carried out on IMC growth for different devices and complex components. The device-level experiments were conducted with five factors: peak temperature, time duration above solder liquidus temperature, the thickness of solder paste, surface finish types, and package types including ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat package (QFP). Meanwhile, four complex components with the same reflow profile were conducted and compared for component-level experiments. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the thickness and determine the spatial distribution of the elements through the IMC. The multivariate analysis of the formation and growth of IMC during reflow soldering was studied based on Nernst–Shchukarev’s equation and the results of the experiments. The difference in IMC thickness between BGA and QFP with different factors was discussed and compared separately. The results showed that the peak temperature and time above liquidus played a vital role in the IMC growth and the solder paste thickness and different pad metallization could not be ignored. SEM pictures of the solder and statistical results were revealed that the surface finish type has a marked impact on the formation of the IMC. For printed circuit board (PCB) with numbers of components, the IMC thickness and uniformity of solder joints at corner and center positions showed some regularity differences. Meanwhile, the bump shape (Cu1−x
Ni
x
)6Sn5 IMC was observed for small size BGA with electroless nickel and immersion gold during the reflow process. The results have a significant meaning to optimize its reflow process parameters for complex components, to improve the interconnection reliability in engineering.
Carrying handle of milk carton inspired multi-layer, easy-to-assemble triboelectric nanogenerators for human motion sensing
Authors: Zhang Ping , Deng Lu , Zhang Honghao , Ma Yuting , He Jinfan
Published: October 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert multiple energy sources into electricity, and suffer from the problems of the single structure and high cost at the present stage. In this work, the multi-layer TENG inspired by the carrying handle of milk cartons (IH-TENG) is proposed, which has a uniform template, facilitating the realization of mass production, and it is easy to assemble without any auxiliary tools and materials in the assembly process. The support component and friction positive material of this structure are derived from recycled polypropylene (PP) and cotton cloth, which are very friendly to the environment. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of IH-TENG can achieve 113.6 V and 2.4 μA, respectively. Under an external load of 50 MΩ, the maximum output power density is 9.2 μW cm−2. What’s more, we also propose a stacked structure to improve the output performance of IH-TENG. The stacked TENG (3 units) open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 1.44 times and 1.83 times of IH-TENG (2 units), respectively. In addition, IH-TENG can act as both human motion sensors to detect the motion status of body parts and a self-powered power source to power 53 LED lights, watches, and other appliances.
Curvature tensor and collective behavior in a population of bacteria
Authors: Oleaga Gerardo , Ruscitti Claudia , Langoni Laura , Melgarejo Augusto
Published: October 2022

In this work, from a geometric point of view, we analyze the SET model (Schweitzer, Ebeling and Tilch) of the mobility of a bacterium. Biological systems are out of thermodynamic equilibrium and they are subject to complex external or internal influences that can be modeled in the form of noise or fluctuations. In this sense, due to the stochasticity of the variables, we study the probability of finding a bacteria with a speed v in the interval (v, v + dv) or, from a population point of view, we can interpret the probability density function as associated with finding a bacterium with a speed v in the interval (v, v + dv). We carry out this study from the stationary probability density solution of the Fokker-Planck equation and using the structure of the statistical manifold related with the stationary probability density, we study the curvature tensor in terms of two coordinates associated with the state of mobility of the bacteria and the environmental conditions. Taking as reference the geometric interpretations found in the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics, our results suggest that bacteria have an effective repulsive interaction that increases with mobility. These results are compatible with the behavior of populations of bacteria that form biofilms when their mobility decreases.
Investigation of β-decay properties of neutron-rich Cerium isotopes
Authors: Nabi Jameel-Un , Ullah Asim , Khan Zeeshan
Published: October 2022

Reliable and precise knowledge of the β-decay properties of neutron-rich nuclei is important for a better understanding of the r-process. We report the computation of β-decay properties of neutron-rich Cerium isotopes calculated within the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) approach. A total of 34 isotopes of Ce in the mass range 120 ≤ A ≤ 157 were considered in our calculation. Pairing gaps are recognized amongst the key parameters in the pn-QRPA model to compute Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions. We employed two different values of the pairing gaps obtained from two different empirical formulae in our computation. The GT strength distributions changed considerably with a change in the pairing gap values. This in turn resulted in contrasting centroid and total strength values of the GT distributions and led to differences in calculated half-lives using the two schemes. The traditional pairing gaps resulted in significant fragmentation of GT strength. However, the pairing gaps, calculated employing the formula based on separation energies of neutron and proton, led to computed half-lives in better agreement with the measured data.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of the Neglected Near-contact Binary Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224
Authors: Fox-Machado L. , Cang T. Q. , Michel R. , Fu J. N. , Li C. Q.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a photometric and spectroscopic study of the short-period binary star Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224. Measurements in the B, V, and R passbands obtained during three observing runs between 2014 and 2017 and medium-resolution spectra secured in 2014, are analyzed together with public data from the SuperWASP and LAMOST projects. Our light curves show marked asymmetry with a variable O’Connell effect. The SuperWASP photometry is used to derive a mean binary period of 0.345225 days. The analysis of the (O − C) diagram reveals that the orbital period is decreasing at a rate of dP/dt = −3.87 × 10−6 days yr−1, which may be caused by mass transfer from the more-massive component to the less-massive one. The system is found to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a systemic velocity, γ = 1 ± 3 Km s−1, and a semi-amplitude, K1 = 21 ± 5 Km s−1. The spectral classification and the effective temperature of the primary component are estimated to be K0V ±  1 and 5200 ± 150 K, respectively. The photometric and spectroscopic solutions reveal that Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224 is a low-mass ratio (q = m
2/m
1 ∼ 0.11), low-inclination (∼38°), near-contact system. The masses, radii, and luminosity for the primary and secondary are estimated to be 1.02 ± 0.06 M
⊙, 1.23 ± 0.05 R
⊙, 1.01 ± 0.06 L
⊙, and 0.11 ± 0.08 M
⊙, 0.45 ± 0.05 R
⊙, 0.10 ± 0.06 L
⊙, respectively. The marginal contact, together with the period decrease, suggests that this binary system may be at a key evolutionary stage, as predicted by the theory of thermal relaxation oscillations.
Improved quantum key agreement protocol with authentication
Authors: Guo Ji-Hong , Bai Ming-Qiang , Lei Xiao-Yan , Xie Jia-Xin , Mo Zhi-Wen
Published: October 2022

In order to make the quantum key agreement process immune to participant attacks, it is necessary to introduce the authentication in the communication process. A quantum key agreement protocol with identity authentication that exploits the measurement correlation of six-particle entangled states is proposed. In contrast to some recently proposed quantum key agreement protocols with authentication, this protocol requires neither a semi-trusted third party nor additional private keys in the authentication process. The entire process of authentication and key agreement can be achieved using only n six-particle entangled states, which saves communication costs and reduces the complexity of the authentication process. Finally, security analysis shows that this scheme is resistant to some important attacks.