bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama do sistema construtivo light wood frame no Brasil
Authors: Sotsek Nicolle Christine , Santos Adriane de Paula Lacerda
Published: July 2018

Resumo O light wood frame (LWF) representa grande inovação para o setor de construção civil no Brasil, devido a suas características de racionalização de material, flexibilidade operacional, agilidade produtiva, custos competitivos e, também, pelos níveis eficientes de limpeza e tempo de montagem. Por esses motivos, esse sistema é considerado uma alternativa construtiva promissora. O objetivo deste estudo é explorar o potencial do sistema no Brasil. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório que utiliza como instrumento de coleta um questionário de avaliação qualitativa aplicado com representantes da construção civil envolvidos com o LWF. O estudo propõe analisar as variáveis críticas que devem ser gerenciadas dentro do setor, investiga as necessidades e os potenciais do sistema construtivo e formula estratégias competitivas para a difusão do LWF no país. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a expansão do LWF no Brasil é fortemente dependente dos incentivos governamentais, do aumento da integração dos agentes tanto da cadeia de valor da construção civil como do setor de madeireiro, da necessidade de disseminar mais informações aos usuários finais como forma de combate ao preconceito em relação ao uso da madeira e, por fim, da necessidade de formar profissionais para atuar de forma direta com a construção em madeira.
Retracción química de pastas de cemento con incorporación de metacaolín
Authors: Caceres Delver Plinio Estrada , Romano Roberto Cesar de Oliveira , John Vanderley Moacyr , Cincotto Maria Alba
Published: July 2018

Resumen Este estudio muestra la influencia que produce la sustitución parcial de cemento Portland por metacaolín, en las reacciones de hidratación y retracción química de pastas cementicias. Para tal fin se elaboraron pastas utilizando reemplazos de metacaolín de 5, 10 y 20% en masa, además de una pasta de referencia, usando una relación constante agua/sólido de 0,5. La retracción química fue medida en forma continua automatizando el método de la dilatometría, también se evaluó la cinética de hidratación usando un calorímetro isotérmico. Adicionalmente, el desarrollo de la microestructura fue estudiado por análisis termogravimétrico y difracción de rayos X. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una excelente relación entre la retracción química y la calorimetría y que la adición de metacaolín produce cambios en la cinética de hidratación, que también afectan a la retracción química.
Relationship between availability of physiotherapy services and ICU costs
Authors: Rotta Bruna Peruzzo , Silva Janete Maria da , Fu Carolina , Goulardins Juliana Barbosa , Pires-Neto Ruy de Camargo , Tanaka Clarice
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether 24-h availability of physiotherapy services decreases ICU costs in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability among patients admitted to the ICU for the first time. Methods: This was an observational prevalence study involving 815 patients ≥ 18 years of age who had been on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for ≥ 24 h and were discharged from an ICU to a ward at a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups according to h/day availability of physiotherapy services in the ICU: 24 h (PT-24; n = 332); and 12 h (PT-12; n = 483). The data collected included the reasons for hospital and ICU admissions; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score; IMV duration, ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS); and Omega score. Results: The severity of illness was similar in both groups. Round-the-clock availability of physiotherapy services was associated with shorter IMV durations and ICU-LOS, as well as with lower total, medical, and staff costs, in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability. Conclusions: In the population studied, total costs and staff costs were lower in the PT-24 group than in the PT-12 group. The h/day availability of physiotherapy services was found to be a significant predictor of ICU costs.
SAGITTAL BALANCE AFTER POSTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION IN LUMBAR FRACTURES
Authors: Luna Luis Muñiz , Villazón Fernando Guevara , Oviedo José Enrique Salcedo , Castorena Iván Omar Cáliz
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: When a lumbar fractures developes a significant deformity, the sagittal balance is altered which can lead to clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to measure and analyze the sagittal balance in patients with lumbar fractures operated with posterior instrumentation after three months and analyze their correlation with the different variables of the patient and the fracture. Methods: Sixty-three medical records of patients with lumbar fracture operated with posterior instrumentation were analyzed, excluding those with previous spinal pathology, or inability to stand upright. The parameters of pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, lumbar lordosis/pelvic incidence (LL/ PI) ratio, as well as the pre and postoperative status of segmental kyphosis and residual pain were measured. Results: Eighteen women, 44 men, with mean age of 42 years, with lumbar fractures: 29 in L1, 19 in L2, 10 in L3, 3 in L4 and 1 in L5. AOSpine Clasification: 2 type A1, 2 type A2, 37 type A3, 19 type A4, 2 type B. All patients were operated with a transpedicular polyaxial system. More than 80% of patients with spinopelvic balance within parameters considered normal. More than 70% with lumbar lordosis and LL/PI ratio within parameters. All with improvement of segmental kyphosis (average correction of 8.5°, p<.000). Final mean VAS of 1.85. Conclusions: The posterior instrumentation with a polyaxial system allows acceptable corrections of the segmental kyphosis of lumbar fractures. No statistically significant correlation was found between sagittal balance parameters, and characteristics of the patient and fracture. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.
INCIDENCE OF THE ADJACENT SEGMENT DISEASE TREATED AT THE ISSEMYM MEDICAL CENTER
Authors: Salas Miguel Angel Lopez , Moga Amado Gonzalez , Carranza Juan Enrique Guzman , Hernandez Gabriel Huerta , Fuentes Miguel Angel
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence and rate of disc degeneration adjacent to a lumbar fusion, as well as to analyze possible risk factors for its development. Methods: A retrospective study of a level of evidence IIB case series of 125 patients diagnosed with lumbar canal stenosis and spondylolisthesis, who underwent surgery from January 2011 to December 2016, with subsequent instrumentation and posterolateral fusion and outpatient follow-up in which the symptomatology and radiographic findings were evaluated to establish the diagnosis and management. Results: Twelve patients with adjacent segment disease were identified, with an incidence of 9.6%, higher both among female patients and in the seventh decade of life. The most frequent pathology was canal stenosis (42.4%), the most affected level was L4 / L5, and the procedure most associated with the prevalence of adjacent level degeneration was L4-L5 posterior transpedicular instrumentation. Conclusions: Sagittalization of the facet joint was a constant factor in all patients with involvement of the adjacent disc. The main clinical findings were treatment-resistant root pain and radiographic alterations characterized by spondylolisthesis, facet osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc herniation. Level of Evidence IIB; Retrospective study.
Eficácia de intervenções educativas realizadas por telefone para promoção do aleitamento materno: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista , Dodou Hilana Dayana , Chaves Anne Fayma Lopes , Santos Lívia Maria Damasceno Alves dos , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia das intervenções educativas por telefone na duração e exclusividade do aleitamento materno. Método Revisão sistemática da literatura, incluindo somente Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados. O fator de exposição foi uma intervenção educativa por telefone, e os desfechos foram a duração e a exclusividade da amamentação. Literatura em português, inglês e espanhol publicadas entre 2010 e 2016 foram procuradas na Cochrane, Lilacs, Medline e Scopus. Os artigos foram analisados mediante a síntese dos resultados. Resultados Foram identificados 241 artigos, dos quais 231 não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, de modo que apenas 10 artigos foram revisados. Quatro estudos não apresentaram eficácia relacionada à amamentação. Como características comuns, estes estudos foram realizados em períodos curtos e por pares. Os demais revelaram eficácia sobre a duração e/ou exclusividade da amamentação. Estes últimos eram majoritariamente estudos com intervenção de longa duração e realizados por enfermeiros consultores em lactação. Conclusão As evidências demonstram que o telefone é uma tecnologia viável para a promoção do aleitamento materno, concedendo às unidades e aos profissionais de saúde uma alternativa que pode contribuir para o cuidado mãe-bebê.
Estudos experimentais no período gestacional: panorama da produção científica
Authors: Dantas Sibele Lima da Costa , Oliveira Glória Yanne Martins de , Costa Kalídia Felipe de Lima , Barros Ariane Alves , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o panorama atual da produção de estudos experimentais relacionados ao período gestacional. Método Estudo bibliométrico, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, durante o mês de outubro de 2016. Após leitura dos resumos e sistematização do material, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 33 estudos registrados no período de 2007 a 2016. A Região Sudeste concentra 48,5% dos experimentos. Dos assuntos abordados, 33,1% do total referem-se a atividades físicas durante a gravidez e a exercícios perineais para o fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Conclusão A pesquisa possibilitou conhecer o panorama dos estudos experimentais com foco no período gestacional, servindo de suporte e incentivo para realização de mais estudos com alto nível de evidência, que tragam impacto à assistência prestada a esse público.
Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola: prevenção e controle de sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes,
Authors: Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynik , Dantas Dândara Nayara Azevêdo , Miranda Larissa Soares Mariz Vilar de , Araújo Anne Karoline Cândido , Monteiro Akemi Iwata , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: July 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o processo de construção de uma intervenção em forma de programa para assistência de enfermagem ao adolescente, direcionado à prevenção e ao controle de sobrepeso/obesidade na escola. Método Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido por meio do Mapeamento de Intervenção, em Natal/RN, Brasil, entre outubro de 2015 e setembro de 2016, com a participação de adolescentes, professores de escolas públicas e enfermeiras da Atenção Primária. As fontes de dados foram grupos focais, entrevistas e revisão integrativa. Utilizou-se do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo na análise. Resultados Ao final das seis etapas do Mapeamento de Intervenção, construiu-se o “Programa de Enfermagem Saúde na Escola”, que deverá ser implementado em 10 meses, com cinco aulas semanais de exercícios e uma sessão semanal de intervenções de enfermagem, detalhadas no Programa. Conclusão A intervenção de enfermagem orientada pelo Mapeamento de Intervenção permite ações embasadas em teorias, participação da comunidade, vínculo escola/serviço e continuidade da assistência.
Comparison between resistant load contours generated considering the parabolic-rectangular (DPR) and the rectangular (DR) stress-strain diagrams for rectangular sections under combined axial compression and biaxial bending
Authors: FONSECA Y. F. , SILVA A. S. C.
Published: July 2018

Abstract The aim of this study is to compare the load contour diagrams generated for rectangular RC cross-sections under combined axial compression and biaxial bending obtained by the two forms of analysis allowed by NBR 6118:2014 [1]: the first using the parabolic-rectangular stress-strain diagram (DPR) and the second using the rectangular (constant stress) diagram (DR). In order to compare the load contours generated, a reference cross-section was adopted for which the concrete strength class (from C20 to C90) and the deformation domains (4, 4a and 5) were varied for the study. It was studied whether the use of the different diagrams (DPR or DR) would provide greater (or smaller) resistant efforts for the same section. The results show that the use of the DR is only acceptable when the section is working up to the 4th domain. Above this domain, it was observed that the use of this diagram shows resistant efforts inferior to those calculated by the DPR. In addition, it was found that, for concretes with resistance class above C50, in oblique loading directions, the use of the DR presents higher resistant efforts than those calculated using the DPR.
Influence of the placement rate on the fresh concrete lateral pressure in the design of formworks
Authors: SOUSA M. O. , SANTOS N. S. , PEREIRA R. L. , MARTINS P. C. R. , PEDROSO L. J.
Published: July 2018

Abstract The fresh concrete lateral pressure generates a load that has great influence in the design of the formworks of columns, walls and lateral faces of the beams.Its prediction must be performed in such a way in order to approach precisely well over the rate values supported by the formworks, avoiding, therefore, the oversizing or undersizing of these temporary structures which represent up to 12% of the total cost of the construction. The calculation of the lateral pressure that fresh concrete exerts on the formworks involves several variables; one of them is the placement rate. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the placement rate, in situ, on the lateral pressure of fresh concrete calculated from theoretical models presented by norms and international references. For this purpose, measurements of the placement rate were conducted on columns of five building work places at Goiânia city, Goiás, Brazil and it was calculated the maximum pressure supported by their respective formworks from the dimensions and spans between the supports of the components that constituted them. The obtained results indicate that the placement rate in the field observations reach 249 m/h, exceeding the values limited by the theoretical methods of calculation, and that the lateral pressure estimation produced from the placement rate measured in situ exceed the maximum values supported by the formworks up to 604 times. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to adjust equations to estimate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete at high rate of concrete placement, according to the current practices in the construction market.
Nonlinear analysis of concrete structures using GFEM enrichment strategy with a microplane constitutive model
Authors: WOLENSKI A. R. V. , MONTEIRO A. B. , PENNA S. S. , PITANGUEIRA R. L. S. , BARROS F. B.
Published: July 2018

Abstract One of the most widespread methods to the nonlinear analysis of structures is the Finite Element Method (FEM). However, there are phenomena whose behavior is not satisfactorily simulated by the standard FEM and this fact has quickened the development of new strategies such as the Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM), understood as a variation of the FEM. In parallel, nonlinear analysis of concrete structures requires the use of constitutive models that represents the nucleation and propagation of cracks. In this paper it is used an anisotropic constitutive model, based on the microplane theory, which is able to represent the behavior of concrete structures, together with the GFEM approach. These resources are incorporated on the INSANE system (INteractive Structural ANalysis Environment), used in the numerical simulations presented here to demonstrate the feasibility of using the GFEM enrichment strategy, in the nonlinear analysis of concrete structures, with validation made from comparisons with experimental results available in the literature.
Evaluation of the chloride penetration and service life of self-healing concretes activated by crystalline catalyst
Authors: HELENE P. , GUIGNONE G. , VIEIRA G. , RONCETTI L. , MORONI F.
Published: July 2018

Abstract The main cause of concrete structures deterioration is related to the resistance against the penetration of aggressive agents. Aiming at increase the impermeability and reduce the diffusivity of concrete elements, making it less susceptible to the ingress of chloride ions, the use of crystalline catalyst emerges as a good alternative. Its mechanism of autogenous healing enhances the natural pore-filling process of concrete. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the use of crystalline catalyst on the chloride ions penetration and service life prediction of concrete. For the concrete mixtures production, it was used blast-furnace slag blended cement, three different water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.45; 0.55; 0.65), with and without crystalline catalyst, totaling six different mixtures. The concrete specimens were cured in a moist chamber and tested at 28 and 91 days. It was performed tests of compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability (ASTM C1202:12), and silver nitrate colorimetric indicator. The results show that, compared to the reference mixture, the use of crystalline catalyst conserved the compressive strength and reduced the chloride ions penetration up to 30%, increasing service life up to 34%.
Pullout performance of steel bars partially bonded in concrete with epoxy resin
Authors: SOUZA R. H. , TAVARES M. E. , FERNANDES D. V.
Published: July 2018

Abstract The installation of new reinforcing bars onto an existing structure is a common practice in civil construction both for old and new structures. The use of anchors has been extensively studied and normalized. The placement of steel reinforcement bars in holes filled with epoxy resin, despite their wide use, still lacks a satisfactory methodology for the design of such systems. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present the results of an experimental programme for confined pullout tests, comparing the performance of cast steel reinforcement bars to that of bars bonded to concrete with epoxy resin. The investigated test parameters included the bar diameter, the embedment length and the resin thickness. Tests results showed a significant efficiency of epoxy resin as structural bonding agent and allowed the verification of sizeable reduction in the anchorage lengths for bonded bars.
Influence of transverse rebars on bond between steel reinforcement and cellular concrete with very low compressive strength
Authors: SOUDAIS P. R. N. , CAMACHO J. S. , PARSEKIAN G. A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract Cellular concrete is a lightweight concrete obtained by aerating agent, which produces air-voids into the mixture. This work deals with bond between cellular concrete and steel rebars. Pull-out tests of 4,2 mm diameter rebars partly immersed into concrete cylinders were made. Concrete unit weight variation and setting of a transverse rebar into the concrete cylinder center constitute the variables of the work. Three types of mixture were prepared: one without aerating agent (with a dry unit weight of 2255 kg/m3), and two with different aerating agent rates (with a dry unit weight equal to 1565 and 1510 kg/m3). The study revealed the large decrease of bond stress between 4,2 diameter rebars and cellular concrete, due to concrete unit weight reduction. Transverse rebar introduced into concrete cylinder center increased the ultimate pull-out force of the test: the gain of bond produced by the transverse rebar grew up when the cellular concrete unit weight had been reduced. Therefore, special anchorages (not exclusively straight), permitting bond improvement between cellular concrete and rebars could be a solution to improve the mechanical performance of cellular concrete.
Assessment of antimicrobial activity of phytofabricated silver particles
Authors: Qurat-ul-ain  , Sarfraz Raja Adil , Nadeem Raziya , Jamil Amer
Published: July 2018

Nanobiotechnology is emerging as a field of nanotechnology and applied biological science. Nanoparticles are produced by physical, chemical and biological methods; but biological methods are relatively cost effective, non-toxic, simple and eco-friendly. The present study was carried out focusing on the antimicrobial activities of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Syzygium cumini, Viola betonicifolia and Mangifera indica. The biogenic fabrications of silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Vis spectra of the different plant extracts in aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed peaks in the visible region. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the nanoparticles are capped with the chemical constituents of plant extracts. SEM was used to estimate the morphology of the nanoparticles capped with plant extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the phytofabricated silver nanoparticles were studied against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed for phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of S. cumini against E. coli (32 ± 0·28 mm) and B. subtilis (26 ± 0·288 mm) and E. camaldulensis against E. coli (31·33 ± 0·011 mm) and B. subtilis (34 ± 0·064 mm) compared to simple plant extracts of S. cumini against E. coli (25 ± 0·5 mm) and B. subtilis (24·66 ± 0·01 mm) and E. camaldulensis against E. coli (36 ± 0·450 mm) and B. subtilis (32 ± 0·38 mm). The selected biomimetic silver nanoparticles and their fractions in different solvents show maximum antimicrobial potential compared with plain plant extracts and their fractions.
Characterising existing buildings as material banks (E-BAMB) to enable component reuse
Authors: Rose Colin M , Stegemann Julia A
Published: July 2018

As-built records for existing buildings tend to be poor. Components that make up the existing building stock must be better characterised to prevent them becoming waste. The first record of materials in an existing building is often the waste report, which classifies materials for waste management and gathers information after the opportunity for higher-value reuse of components has passed. Policy at various levels aims to increase reuse, but an understanding of ‘existing buildings as material banks’ (E-BAMB) is a necessary precursor to overcoming other barriers. This paper reviews the current means of understanding E-BAMB and identifies its shortfalls. This analysis leads to the conception of a strategy in which the various approaches are organised as an information system. The future role of technology and mandatory provision of E-BAMB information at the planning stage are explored. The proposed system would enable specifiers, manufacturers and academics to assess the wealth of materials that can be reused, repurposed or upcycled in new projects or businesses. This does not guarantee that actual reuse will occur, as financial, technical and legal barriers may remain. However, it creates the context for assessing secondary components against their virgin equivalents and the enabling conditions for new circular business models.
Book review
Authors: Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat
Published: July 2018

Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement
Experimental and numerical study of semi-rigid connection for long link-to-column joints
Authors: Mohammadrezapour Ebrahim , Danesh Fakhreddin
Published: July 2018

Previous studies have shown that most link-to-column connections fail before achieving the required plastic link rotation capacity. To avoid such connection failures, a semi-rigid connection is proposed for use as a long link-to-column connection. A top and seat bolted angle connection with a web angle is a desirable candidate for a semi-rigid connection since no welding is needed. Experimental tests and finite-element simulations were conducted in this study. The accuracy of the finite-element model predictions was verified using the results of the experimental testing conducted by the authors and good agreement was achieved. The effects of angle thickness and bolt diameter were also numerically studied. The results showed desirable behaviour of the proposed connection in eccentrically braced frames with a long link connected to column.
Driving simulator validation for speed research on curves of two-lane rural roads
Authors: Kazemzadehazad Sanaz , Monajjem Saeed , Larue Gregoire , King Mark J.
Published: July 2018

The numerous advantages of driving simulators make them a useful research tool. However, validation studies need to be conducted before extrapolating driving simulator results from the laboratory to a real-world driving environment. In this study, validation of mean speeds on curves obtained in a driving simulator was performed by monitoring speed on corresponding real-world curves. A mountainous two-lane rural road in Iran was simulated and the driving speeds of 30 participants were collected at the beginning, middle and end of five curves in the simulator. The driving speeds of 40 different participants were also measured at specified points of five curves in the real road using a radar gun. The curves studied included a horizontal curve on a positive grade, three combined crest curves and one combined sag curve. The results of bilateral z-tests indicated that both experiments belonged to the same population and independent t-tests indicated equality of variances for all curves. In most curves, except the combined crest curve with a radius of 300 m, the mean speeds in the driving simulator were higher than the real-road condition. The trends in speed variation from the beginning to the end of the curve were similar in both experiments.
A New Criterion for Pediatric AKI Based on the Reference Change Value of Serum Creatinine
Authors: Xu Xin , Nie Sheng , Zhang Aihua , Jianhua Mao , Liu Hai-Peng , Xia Huimin , Xu Hong , Liu Zhangsuo , Feng Shipin , Zhou Wei , Liu Xuemei , Yang Yonghong , Tao Yuhong , Feng Yunlin , Chen Chunbo , Wang Mo , Zha Yan , Feng Jian-Hua , Li Qingchu , Ge Shuwang , Chen Jianghua , He Yongcheng , Teng Siyuan , Hao Chuanming , Liu Bi-Cheng , Tang Ying , Wang Li-Jun , Qi Jin-Lei , He Wenjuan , He Pinghong , Liu Youhua , Hou Fan Fan
Published: July 2018

Background

Current definitions of AKI do not take into account serum creatinine’s high variability in children.

Methods

We analyzed data from 156,075 hospitalized children with at least two creatinine tests within 30 days. We estimated reference change value (RCV) of creatinine on the basis of age and initial creatinine level in children without kidney disease or known AKI risk, and we used these data to develop a model for detecting pediatric AKI on the basis of RCV of creatinine. We defined pediatric AKI according to pediatric reference change value optimized for AKI in children (pROCK) as creatinine increase beyond RCV of creatinine, which was estimated as the greater of 20 μmol/L or 30% of the initial creatinine level.

Results

Of 102,817 children with at least two serum creatinine tests within 7 days, 5432 (5.3%) had AKI as defined by pROCK compared with 15,647 (15.2%) and 10,446 (10.2%) as defined by pediatric RIFLE (pRIFLE) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), respectively. Children with pROCK-defined AKI had significantly increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 3.56; 95% confidence interval, 3.15 to 4.04) compared with those without AKI. About 66% of patients with pRIFLE-defined AKI and 51% of patients with KDIGO-defined AKI, mostly children with initial creatinine level of <30 μmol/L, were reclassified as non-AKI by pROCK, and mortality risk in these children was comparable with risk in those without AKI by all definitions.

Conclusions

pROCK criterion improves detection of “true” AKI in children compared with earlier definitions that may lead to pediatric AKI overdiagnosis.
Beyin Araştırmaları Işığında Yabancı Dil Sınıflarında Anadili Kullanımı
Authors: MERGEN Filiz
Published: July 2018

Anadili edinimi hızlı ve zahmetsiz ilerleyen bir süreç
olmasına rağmen, sonradan öğrenilen dil, birçok birey için birtakım zorluklar
teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle, geç yaşta öğrenilen dilde iletişim kurabilmek
bireyler için son derece uzun ve yorucu olabilmektedir. Sınıf ortamında bu
zorlukları ortadan kaldırmayı amaçlayan görüşler, özellikle teknoloji ve bilgi
paylaşımının ilerlemesiyle önemli ölçüde başarılı olmuşlardır. Ancak, bu
süreçte anadilinin rolü tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu makalede, öğrencilere
öğrendikleri yabancı dilde iletişim kurabilmelerini sağlamak için sadece hedef
dilin kullanılmasını öngören görüşlerin dil öğrenimi üzerindeki etkilerinin
beyin ve dil açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Duygusal (afektif),
bilişsel ve psikodilbilimsel ve beyindilbilimsel çalışmalardan elde edilen
verilere dayanarak, anadili kullanımının dil eğitiminin her aşamasında tamamen
kısıtlanması olası görülmemekte ve dil öğrenme başarısını da olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği
düşünülmektedir.
İlkokul Türkçe 1 Ders Kitabının Öğretim Programındaki Temel Beceriler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: KURUDAYIOĞLU Mehmet , SOYSAL Taşkın
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı “İlkokul Türkçe 1 Ders Kitabı’nın
öğretim programındaki temel becerilere uygunluğu açısından incelenmesidir.
Böylelikle Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nın kazandırmayı amaçladığı anahtar
yetkinlikler ve temel becerilerin 2017-2018 Öğretim Yılı’nda birinci sınıflarda
uygulamaya konulan Türkçe ders kitabına ne şekilde yansıdığı sınanmış
olacaktır. Araştırmada 2017-2018 Öğretim Yılı’nda birinci sınıflarda okutulan
Türkçe ders kitabında yer alan metin öncesi hazırlık soruları, metinler ve bu
metinlere bağlı etkinlikler; 2017 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’ndaki her bir
beceriye uygunluğu bakımından ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden durum çalışması araştırmasının kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler
doküman analizi yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları tablolar halinde
sunulup yorumlanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar bağlamında öneriler
geliştirilmiştir.
Türkçe Öğretiminde Kaynak Metinlerin Kullanılmasına Uygun Durumların Oluşturulması
Authors: ÖZDEN Mehtap
Published: July 2018

Dil
öğretiminde temel araç olan metinlerin öneminden yola çıkılarak yapılan bu
çalışmada Türkçe kaynak metinlerin dil eğitiminde, kültür ve değerlerin
çocuklara aktarılmasında kullanılabilir metinler olduğu gösterilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Metinler 14. yüzyıl mesnevîlerinde yer alan kısa hikâyeler
olarak belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra kaynak metinler taranmış ve Anadolu sahasında
yazılan ilk iki büyük eser Mantıku’t-Tayr
ve Garîb-nâme adlı mesnevîlerden
metinler seçilmiştir. İki mesnevîden on dört metin seçilmiş, metinlerin eski
yazıları da okunarak çeviri yazıları, dil içi çevirileri yapılmış, sözlükleri
hazırlanmış ve nesre dönüştürülmüşlerdir. Son olarak da metinler 14. yüzyıl
resim sanatını yansıtan resimlerle resimlenmiştir. Metinler bu şekilde
hazırlandıktan sonra okunabilirliklerinin anlaşılması için Türkçe eğitimi
alanında çalışan uzmanlara, çocuk edebiyatı yazarlarına, Türkçe eğitimi lisans
öğrencilerine ve 11-15 yaş arasındaki çocuklara okutulmuştur. Metinlerin
psikoloji, sosyoloji, kültür değerleri ve dil eğitimi alanlarındaki yerlerinin
belirlenmesi ile çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Mesnevî türü metinlerin Türkçeyi ve
Türk kültürünü yansıtması ve Türkçe’nin güzel örneklerinden olması sebebiyle
dil öğretiminde kullanılabilir olduğu görülmüştür.
An Analysis of the Accusative Case Use of Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: KIZILTAN Nalan , ATLI İşıl
Published: July 2018

Error analysis is the process of identifying, categorizing and analysing students’ errors. Despite its limitations, it helps us gain a better understanding of the learning process in general and spot problematic structures for language learners. The aim of this study is to analyse the accusative case use of learners of Turkish as a second language. For that purpose, a mini-corpus was created based on 40 writing samples randomly selected from the texts produced by B2 and C1 level students at OMU Türkçe for their midterm and final exams during the previous academic years. In the examination of the mini-corpus, which includes 7177 tokens and 2991 types, the researchers initially identified all end of the word occurrences of the morpheme -i and its allomorphs. The correct and incorrect uses of the Turkish accusative case marking and the cases of omission were manually tagged by the researchers. All the erroneous uses have been classified under four headings: substitution, omission, addition and other.  The findings of this study show that of 201 attempts to use the Turkish accusative case, 76 were erroneous. Besides, 62 instances of omission were manually tagged by the researchers. Of all the errors, substitution constituted 25,66%, addition 23,68 % , omission 40,79% and other errors 9,87%. The results mark the accusative case as a complex structure for learners and omission as the error category with the highest frequency. The study highlights the importance of teaching C-Selection rules with verbs.
Peyami Safa’nın Server Bedi Adıyla Yazdığı Masallarının Genel Bir Değerlendirmesi
Authors: TEKŞAN Keziban , ALTAŞ Derya Yeşim
Published: July 2018

Peyami Safa, Türk edebiyatının önemli
romancılarından biri olmakla birlikte çok sayıda hikâye ve masal da kaleme
almıştır. Peyami Safa’nın hikâyeleri ve masalları okurlar tarafından pek
bilinmemektedir. Bunun sebebi, büyük ihtimalle masallarını edebi kaygı
taşımadan yazmasıdır. O, Server Bedi takma adıyla yazdığı masallarını geçimini
sağlamak amacıyla gazetelerde ve dergilerde tefrika olarak yayımlanmıştır. Bu yazıda Peyami
Safa’nın Server Bedi imzası ile yazdığı masallarının çocuk edebiyatı açısından
genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, yazarın  Server Bedi takma adıyla yazdığı masallarının
çoğu, çocuklara kazandırdığı değerler, dil ve anlatım açısından uygun bulunmuştur.
Server Bedi’nin edebi kaygı taşımadan yazdığı masalların aslında çocuklar için
edebiyat zevki oluşturabilecek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Okuma-Yazma Bilmeyen Yetişkinlerin Okuma-Yazma Öğrenme Nedenlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BABAYİĞİT Özgür , GÖKÇE Ayhan
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okuma-yazma kurslarına devam
eden yetişkinlerin bu kurslara başlama nedenlerinin tespit edilmesidir.
Araştırma, ülkemizdeki yetişkinlerin neden okuma-yazma öğrenemediklerini ortaya
koyması, okuma-yazma bilmemenin sonuçlarını belirtmesi, yetişkinlerin
okuma-yazmayı öğrenmeyi istemelerinin nedenlerini açıklaması açısından
önemlidir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim türündedir.
Katılımcıların belirlemesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay
ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Kolay ulaşılabilir durum
örneklemesi kapsamında Yozgat ilinde okuma-yazma kursuna devam eden yirmi bir
yetişkin katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar
tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma, 2018 yılı mart ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında,
okuma-yazma kursuna katılmış yirmi bir yetişkin birey ile görüşme yapılmıştır.
Yapılan görüşmeler, izin alındıktan sonra ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiştir. Görüşmeler
okuma-yazma kursunda, teneffüslerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 256
dakikalık görüşme yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tümevarımsal olarak
gerçekleştirilen içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Veriler öncelikle kodlanmıştır.
Ardından kodlardan kategorilere ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan kategorilerden ise
temalara ulaşılmıştır. Veriler belirli temalar altında toplanarak, okuyucunun
kolayca anlayabileceği bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Yetişkinlerin okuma yazma
öğrenme nedenlerinin incelendiği bu araştırmada, verilerin içerik analizi
sonucunda, dört adet temaya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan temalar
şunlardır: gündelik işler için, kuran, kitap, gazete okumak için, hastane
işleri için, dolandırılmamak için. Araştırma sonuçları kapsamında önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının “Özel Durumlarda” Kullandıkları Kalıp Sözler
Authors: İPEK EĞİLMEZ Nigar
Published: July 2018

Atasözleri, deyimler, ikilemeler gibi kalıplaşmış dil
birimlerinden biri olan “kalıp sözler” özellikle sözlü iletişimin en güçlü
unsurlarındandır. Türkçe dersi hem kullandığı malzeme olan metinler hem de iletişim
becerileri aracılığıyla, çocuğu, içinde yaşadığı toplumla uyumlu bir birey
haline getirme konusunda önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu önemden yola çıkarak
ileride Türkçe öğretmeni olacak olan Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının “özel
durumlarda” kullandıkları kalıp sözleri tespit etmek bu çalışmanın amacını
oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Muğla
Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Bölümü’nde öğrenim
görmekte olan 173 öğretmen adayına “Kalıp Söz Kullanma Testi” uygulanmıştır.
Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının “Kalıp Söz Kullanma Testinde” yer alan bağlamlara
yazdıkları cevaplar incelendiğinde, özel durumlarda kullandıkları kalıp sözlere
ilişkin “doğum”, “ölüm”, “nişan/evlilik”, “başarı”, “mal/mülk edinme”, “bayram
ziyareti” ve “hasta ziyareti” olmak üzere 7 bağlam ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde
edilen veriler Simple Concordance Program 4.07, SPSS 22 ve Microsoft Excel
Programları kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, cinsiyete göre,
kızların erkeklerden daha fazla kalıp söz kullandıkları; bağlamlarına göre
kalıp söz kullanımı açısından ise Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının en çok “ölüm” ve
“doğum” konularında farklı kalıp söz kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. İleride
Türkçe öğretmeni olacak öğretmen adaylarının, öğrencilerine örnek olabilmesi ve
dil becerileri aracılığı ile kültür aktarımı yapabilmesi açısından kalıp söz
kullanmalarının oldukça önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
New N-difluoromethylindoles: features of N-difluoromethylation of indoles with electron-donor or electron-withdrawing substituents
Authors: Petko Kirill , Filatov Andrey
Published: July 2018

The study of the difluoromethylation of various indole derivatives containing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups was carried out. N-Difluoromethyl derivatives of indole with methoxy, methyl, nitro, cyano, amino groups and bromine atom were isolated and fully characterized.
Joint Impedance Spectroscopy and Fractography Data Analysis of Ceria Doped Scandia Stabilized Zirconia Solid Electrolyte modified by powder types and sintering temperature
Authors: Brodnikovska Iryna , Brychevskyi Mykola , Brodnikovskyi Yehor , Brodnikovskyi Dmytro , Vasylyev Oleksandr , Smirnova Alevtina
Published: July 2018

Parameters of the non-Debye relaxation in the 10Sc1CeSZ solid electrolyte made of various types of ZrO2 powder stabilized with 10-mol.% Sc2O3 and 1-mol.% CeO2 were studied. The influence of powder properties and their sintering temperatures on the impedance spectra is analyzed. In regard to electrical response, the polycrystalline ceramic electrolytes may be considered as a single-phase or a two-phase material consisting of a grain bulk and a boundary. In many cases, the boundary resistance is independent practically on dopants and their distribution across the powders and sintering temperatures. The powder compositions suitable for an electrolyte and electrodes are specified.
The quasi-perpetual electricity generating device based on ceramic fuel cell for closed systems
Authors: Basaraba Yrii , Brychevskyi Mykolay , Brodnikovskyi Yehor , Vasylyev Oleksandr , Perekopskyi Ivan
Published: July 2018

The features of ceramic fuel cells developed in Ukraine are discussed and their application for production of hydrogen and oxygen in a closed loop device combining ceramic fuel cells (CFC) and ceramic electrolyser cells (CEC) is considered. High-temperature electrolysis is profitable for production of hydrogen and oxygen from hot water steam, that is outcoming gas of CFC’s reactions and released traditionally in environment, as it is demonstrated theoretically.
Photoelectrochemical properties of films based on TiO2 nanotubes modified with BiVO4 and V2O5
Authors: Smilyk V. , Fomanyuk S. , Rusetsky I. , Kolbasov G.
Published: July 2018

By methods of anodizing and ion layering were obtained films TiO2/V2O5 and TiO2 / BiVO4. With help of spectral studies of photoelectrochemical and optical properties, the band gap and quantum yield of photoelectrochemical current were determined depends on the ratio of films thickness and the parameters of their synthesis. It is shown, that at synthesized structures UV component quantum yield photoelectrode decreases and contribution of visible light increases.
Peculiarities of the reactions of a,b-unsaturated g-bromoketones with hydrazine derivatives
Authors: Potikha Lyudmyla
Published: July 2018

The reaction result of a,b-unsaturated g-bromoketones with hydrazines depends on the structure of the reagents. Reaction with hydrazine hydrate leads to the mixture of 3,5- di(R)pyridazine, 3,6-di(R)pyridazine and 2,4-di(R)-1H-pyrrol-1-amine derivatives. The formation of three types of products is due to the structure of the unsaturated aliphatic ketone. Two competing reaction schemes of ketones with hydrazines are considered, which include condensation or Michael-type addition in the first stage. The main products of the reactions of halogen-substituted derivatives of g-bromodipnone with arylhydrazines are 1,3,5-triaryl-1,6-dihydropyridazines, which easily form aromatic salts under reaction conditions (when heated in EtOH).
The Voting Rights Act's Pre-Clearance Provisions: The Experience of Native Americans in South Dakota
Authors: Schroedel Jean Reith , Torres Joey , Walters Andrea , Dietrich Joseph
Published: July 2018

During the 1965 debates over the Voting Rights Act, there are only two brief mentions of Native Americans. During the Act's 1975 renewal, Native Americans were mentioned only with respect to their inclusion under the minority language provisions. At no point did the applicability of Section 5's pre-clearance provisions to political jurisdictions with histories of discrimination against Native Americans generate discussion. They also were ignored in the Supreme Court's 2013 Shelby County v. Holder decision, where Section 4(b) that established the criteria for establishing Section 5 covered jurisdictions was found to be unconstitutional. In this paper, we examine struggles over Section 5 pre-clearance in South Dakota, as well as the challenges of legal attempts to establish “covered jurisdictions” using the more stringent standard required in Section 2. We focus on South Dakota because it is a state with a long, troubled history of discrimination towards Native peoples. It also is the state with the highest number of voting rights cases involving Native Americans. Although a state that has been labeled “the Mississippi of the North” is an extreme case, we argue that it is precisely those settings that make pre-clearance so critical.
Transient four-wave mixing in a transparent two-component medium
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Ivakhnik V. , Savelyev M. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

We analyze changes in the spatial structure of an object wave under four-wave mixing in a transparent two-component medium in schemes with opposing and concurrent pump waves. It is shown that in the spatial spectrum of the object wave there is a dip, whose position is determined by the propagation direction of the second pump wave. Angular rotation and frequency shift of the pump waves lead to a decrease in the conversion efficiency of high spatial frequencies. The bandwidth of the spatial frequencies cut out by the four-wave radiation converter decreases monotonically over time, whereas the bandwidth of the most efficiently converted spatial frequencies increases.
Noise minimised high resolution digital holographic microscopy applied to surface topography
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Achimova E. , Abaskin V. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Claus D. ,   Institut fur Technische Optik, the University of Stuttgart, Pedrini G. ,   Institut fur Technische Optik, the University of Stuttgart, Shevkunov I. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Department of Signal Processing, Technology University of Tampere, Katkovnik V. ,   Department of Signal Processing, Technology University of Tampere
Published: July 2018

The topography of surface relief gratings was studied by digital holographic microscopy. The applicability of the method for quantitative measurements of surface microstructure at nanoscale was demonstrated. The method for wavefront reconstruction of surface relief from a digital hologram recorded in off-axis configuration was also applied. The main feature is noise filtration due to the presence of noise in the recorded intensity distribution and the use of all orders of the hologram. Reconstruction results proved a better effectiveness of our approach for topography studying of relief grating patterned on a ChG As2S3 – Se nanomultilayers in comparison with standard Fourier Transform and Atom Force Microscope methods.
FACILITIES, PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL OFFICIALS
Authors: Jerotijević D. , Jerotijević Z.
Published: July 2018

International organizations represent the creations of recent times and respond to the needs of the modern world. Achieving awareness of the need for international cooperation is conditioned by economic and technological development. Bilateral interstate relations, from occasional contact to permanent interchange by diplomatic envoys, could meet the needs of the times of moderate international exchange and poor means of ties. International organizations have a special significance for tackling the contradiction between the existence of a number of sovereign states and the demands of those human activities that have global or regional exchanges and seek for a basis broader than the territory of an individual state. The simplest definition of an international organization is that they are established by an international treaty, which is ratified in accordance with the constitution established by the Member States. In addition to rare exceptions, the creation of an international organization begins with convening a conference of proxies of states, where the status of the organization is signed after the negotiations have been completed. Such conferences can precede a period in which countries agree on the important issues of a future organization. These can be raised through diplomatic channels, or negotiations at one or more previous meetings with the participation of all or some of future founders of the organization. The privileges and immunities of international organizations themselves, as subjects of international law, include the following forms: immunity from jurisdiction, inviolability of premises and archives, fiscal and currency privileges, freedom of communication.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC VIEWS FORMATION ON THE INSTITUTE OF CONSENT OF THE VICTIM TO BE HARMED IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Authors: Baboshina E. V. , Loba V. E.
Published: July 2018

There are considered scientific ideas existed in Russia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which were connected with the criminal justice response to inflicted harm to the interests protected by criminal law from the consent of the victim or at his request. The article focuses on the issues of assessing the consent of the victim to be harmed, depending on the object of the criminal-legal protection. The source of the article was monographic and dissertational research of criminology scientists of the XIXXX centuries.