bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCORRÊNCIA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA FLORA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO PONTAL DA BARRA, PELOTAS (RS): ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS E ARBUSTIVAS / OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREATENED FLORA SPECIES AT PONTAL DA BARRA, PELOTAS (RS): ARBOREOUS AND ARBUSTIVE SPECIES
Authors: Venzke Tiago Schuch Lemos , Maurício Giovanni Nachtigall , Matzenauer William
Published: July 2018

O Pontal da Barra é uma área úmida localizada na Praia do Laranjal, município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul e localizado no estuário da Laguna dos Patos. A área é rica em biodiversidade, abrigando várias espécies endêmicas dos biomas Mata Atlântica e em menor proporção do Bioma Pampa. Neste estudo, reportamos observações da presença de oito espécies de plantas ameaçadas de extinção no Pontal da Barra. Destacamos que a ocorrência de espécies da flora ameaçadas de extinção qualifica a região do Pontal da Barra e arredores como uma área de elevada importância para conservação ambiental. A transformação da área em unidade de conservação vai preservar um conjunto mundialmente único de tipos de vegetação e ecossistemas no estuário da Laguna dos Patos e incentivar o ecoturismo na Praia do Laranjal.ABSTRACT:Pontal da Barra is a wetland located on Laranjal Beach, in the municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and located in the estuary of the Laguna dos Patos. The area is rich in biodiversity, sheltering several endemic species from the Atlantic Forest biomes and, to a lesser extent, of the Pampa biome. In this study, we report observations of the presence of eight species of plants threatened with extinction in Pontal da Barra. We emphasize that the occurrence of endangered flora species qualifies the region of Pontal da Barra and surroundings as an area of high importance for environmental conservation. The transformation of the area into a conservation unit will preserve a globally unique set of vegetation types and ecosystems in the Laguna dos Patos estuary and encourage ecotourism at Praia do Laranjal.Key words: Estuary; Brazilian coast, Biodiversity; Conservation; Marsh
Transneuronal Downregulation of the Premotor Cholinergic System After Corticospinal Tract Loss
Authors: Jiang Yu-Qiu , Sarkar Adrish , Amer Alzahraa , Martin John H.
Published: July 2018

Injury to the supraspinal motor systems, especially the corticospinal tract, leads to movement impairments. In addition to direct disruption of descending motor pathways, spinal motor circuits that are distant to and not directly damaged by the lesion undergo remodeling that contributes significantly to the impairments. Knowing which spinal circuits are remodeled and the underlying mechanisms are critical for understanding the functional changes in the motor pathway and for developing repair strategies. Here, we target spinal premotor cholinergic interneurons (IN) that directly modulate motoneuron excitability via their cholinergic C-bouton terminals. Using a model of unilateral medullary corticospinal tract lesion in male rats, we found transneuronal downregulation of the premotor cholinergic pathway. Phagocytic microglial cells were upregulated in parallel with cholinergic pathway downregulation and both were blocked by minocycline, a microglia activation inhibitor. Additionally, we found a transient increase in interneuronal complement protein C1q expression that preceded cell loss. 3D reconstructions showed ongoing phagocytosis of C1q-expressing cholinergic INs by microglia 3 d after injury, which was complete by 10 d after injury. Unilateral motor cortex inactivation using the GABAAreceptor agonist muscimol replicated the changes detected at 3 d after lesion, indicating activity dependence. The neuronal loss after the lesion was rescued by increasing spinal activity using cathodaltrans-spinal direct current stimulation. Our finding of activity-dependent modulation of cholinergic premotor INs after CST injury provides the mechanistic insight that maintaining activity, possibly during a critical period, helps to protect distant motor circuits from further damage and, as a result, may improve motor functional recovery and rehabilitation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSupraspinal injury to the motor system disrupts descending motor pathways, leading to movement impairments. Whether and how intrinsic spinal circuits are remodeled after a brain injury is unclear. Using a rat model of unilateral corticospinal tract lesion in the medulla, we show activity-dependent, transneuronal downregulation of the spinal premotor cholinergic system, which is mediated by microglial phagocytosis, possibly involving a rapid and transient increase in neuronal C1q before neuronal loss. Spinal cord neuromodulation after injury to augment spinal activity rescued the premotor cholinergic system. Our findings provide the mechanistic insight that maintaining activity, possibly during an early critical period, could protect distant motor circuits from further damage mediated by microglia and interneuronal complement protein and improve motor functional outcomes.
Pregled razvoja teorija u proučavanju zadovoljstva stanovanjem
Authors: Šiljeg Silvija , Marić Ivan , Cavrić Branko
Published: July 2018

Zadovoljstvo stanovanjem jedan je od pokazatelja kvalitete života koji utječe na sve aspekte životnih dimenzija, od fizičkih, ekonomskih, socijalnih do psiholoških. Zbog svoje kompleksnosti, stanovanje se smatra interdisciplinarnim područjem istraživanja, pa različite struke koriste različite pristupe, koncepte, modele i mjere. Da bi neko istraživanje o stanovanju moglo biti sveobuhvatno, nužno je dati teorijski okvir u njegovom proučavanju. U velikom broju znanstvenih radova, istraživanja i projekata, teorije stanovanja često su nepotpuno objašnjene. Na temelju proučene recentne literature ovaj rad donosi pregled i sintezu najčešće korištenih teorija o zadovoljstvu stanovanja na jednom mjestu. To su teorija stambenog zadovoljstva na kojoj počiva model zadovoljstva stanovanjem, a polazi od subjektivnih percepcija; teorija stambene prilagodbe kao najcitiranija teorija u istraživanjima zadovoljstva stanovanjem; teorija stambene pokretljivosti koja poseban naglasak stavlja na stambeno okruženje kao važnog prediktora zadovoljstva stanovanjem; teorija formiranja impresija koja se upotrebljava pri ispitivanjima dojmova o fizičkim aspektima stambenog okoliša i fizičkoj strukturi zgrade/kuće; bihevioralna teorija kao najčešće korištena teorija u geografskom ispitivanju zadovoljstva stanovanjem; teorija hedonističkog ergometra kao najpoznatija teorija afektivnih iskustava; teorija aspiracijske spirale koja predviđa adaptacijske efekte; teorija troškova stanovanja koja zadovoljstvo stanovanjem povezuje s troškovima; funkcionalistička teorija koja je usmjerena ka društvenoj harmoniji; marksistička teorija prema kojoj svako biće ima pravo na adekvatno stanovanje neovisno o ekonomskom statusu i pozitivistička teorija stanovanja koja prednost daje objektivnom pristupu. Cilj pregleda navedenih teorija je njihovo sveobuhvatnije korištenje u istraživanjima zadovoljstva stanovanjem od mikro do makro razine. U radu je objašnjen koncept zadovoljstva stanovanjem i kritički osvrt za navedene teorije te su objašnjene njihove prednosti i nedostaci u istraživanjima zadovoljstva stanovanjem.
Maternal obesity impairs skeletal development in adult offspring
Authors: Chen Jin-Ran , Lazarenko Oxana P , Zhao Haijun , Alund Alexander W , Shankar Kartik
Published: July 2018

Intrauterine or early postnatal high-fat diet (HFD) has substantial influences on adult offspring health; however, studies of HFD-induced maternal obesity on regulation of adult offspring bone formation are sparse. Here, we investigated the effects of HFD-induced maternal obesity on both fetal and adult offspring skeletal development. We found that HFD-induced maternal obesity significantly decreased fetal skeletal development, but enhanced fetal osteoblastic cell senescence signaling and significantly increased the expression of inflammatory factors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in osteo-progenitors. It was found that p300/CBP activation led to H3K27 acetylation to increase the expression of senescence-related genes and PPARγ in embryonic mouse osteogenic calvarial cells from HFD obese dams. These results were recapitulated in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs) isolated from offspring of pregnant obese and lean mothers following delivery. Regardless of postnatal HFD challenge, adult offspring from HFD obese dams showed significantly suppressed bone formation. Such early involution of bone formation of adult offspring from HFD obese dams may at least in part due to histone acetylation, i.e., epigenetic regulation of genes involved in cell senescence signaling in pre-osteoblasts from prenatal development. These findings indicate fetal pre-osteoblastic cell senescence signaling is epigenetically regulated by maternal obesity to repress bone formation in adult offspring in rodents and suggest that at least some of these effects may also manifest in humans.
BGGE: A New Package for Genomic-Enabled Prediction Incorporating Genotype × Environment Interaction Models
Authors: Granato Italo , Cuevas Jaime , Luna-Vázquez Francisco , Crossa Jose , Montesinos-López Osval , Burgueño Juan , Fritsche-Neto Roberto
Published: July 2018

One of the major issues in plant breeding is the occurrence of genotype × environment (GE) interaction. Several models have been created to understand this phenomenon and explore it. In the genomic era, several models were employed to improve selection by using markers and account for GE interaction simultaneously. Some of these models use special genetic covariance matrices. In addition, the scale of multi-environment trials is getting larger, and this increases the computational challenges. In this context, we propose an R package that, in general, allows building GE genomic covariance matrices and fitting linear mixed models, in particular, to a few genomic GE models. Here we propose two functions: one to prepare the genomic kernels accounting for the genomic GE and another to perform genomic prediction using a Bayesian linear mixed model. A specific treatment is given for sparse covariance matrices, in particular, to block diagonal matrices that are present in some GE models in order to decrease the computational demand. In empirical comparisons with Bayesian Genomic Linear Regression (BGLR), accuracies and the mean squared error were similar; however, the computational time was up to five times lower than when using the classic approach. Bayesian Genomic Genotype × Environment Interaction (BGGE) is a fast, efficient option for creating genomic GE kernels and making genomic predictions.
Transcriptome Analysis of Four Arabidopsis thaliana Mediator Tail Mutants Reveals Overlapping and Unique Functions in Gene Regulation
Authors: Dolan Whitney L , Chapple Clint
Published: July 2018

The Mediator complex is a central component of transcriptional regulation in Eukaryotes. The complex is structurally divided into four modules known as the head, middle, tail and kinase modules, and in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprises 28-34 subunits. Here, we explore the functions of four Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunits, MED2, MED5a/b, MED16, and MED23, by comparing the impact of mutations in each on the Arabidopsis transcriptome. We find that these subunits affect both unique and overlapping sets of genes, providing insight into the functional and structural relationships between them. The mutants primarily exhibit changes in the expression of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress. We find evidence for a tissue specific role for MED23, as well as in the production of alternative transcripts. Together, our data help disentangle the individual contributions of these MED subunits to global gene expression and suggest new avenues for future research into their functions.
Developmental Bias and Evolution: A Regulatory Network Perspective
Authors: Uller Tobias , Moczek Armin P , Watson Richard A , Brakefield Paul M , Laland Kevin N
Published: July 2018

A recurrent theme in evolutionary biology is to contrast natural selection and developmental constraint – two forces pitted against each other as competing explanations for organismal form. Despite its popularity, this juxtaposition is deeply misleading....

Phenotypic variation is generated by the processes of development, with some variants arising more readily than others—a phenomenon known as “developmental bias.” Developmental bias and natural selection have often been portrayed as alternative explanations, but this is a false dichotomy: developmental bias can evolve through natural selection, and bias and selection jointly influence phenotypic evolution. Here, we briefly review the evidence for developmental bias and illustrate how it is studied empirically. We describe recent theory on regulatory networks that explains why the influence of genetic and environmental perturbation on phenotypes is typically not uniform, and may even be biased toward adaptive phenotypic variation. We show how bias produced by developmental processes constitutes an evolving property able to impose direction on adaptive evolution and influence patterns of taxonomic and phenotypic diversity. Taking these considerations together, we argue that it is not sufficient to accommodate developmental bias into evolutionary theory merely as a constraint on evolutionary adaptation. The influence of natural selection in shaping developmental bias, and conversely, the influence of developmental bias in shaping subsequent opportunities for adaptation, requires mechanistic models of development to be expanded and incorporated into evolutionary theory. A regulatory network perspective on phenotypic evolution thus helps to integrate the generation of phenotypic variation with natural selection, leaving evolutionary biology better placed to explain how organisms adapt and diversify.
Lo religioso en perspectiva de identidad y pensamiento latinoamericano
Authors: Segura Calvo José Antonio
Published: July 2018

La religión es un elemento propio e inherente de la condición humana. Por lo tanto, lo religioso es parte de la identidad y como tal, un rasgo del pensamiento latinoamericano y una expresión del sentir y del ser en América Latina.
“REPERTORIO AMERICANO”, INTELECTUALES Y MEDIO AMBIENTE (1919-1929)
Authors: Urbina Gaitán Chester
Published: July 2018

Repertorio Americano publicó entre 1919 y 1929 un conjunto de escritos que brindan una percepción alternativa a la visión utilitarista capitalista sobre la naturaleza y el Medio Ambiente. En general, los textos emitidos enfatizan la dependencia del ser humano de la naturaleza, la necesidad de enseñar sobre este tema en la educación primaria, el nivel espiritual superior que tiene la naturaleza – principalmente el árbol – frente a la sociedad humana, la visión socialista de que los intereses de la tierra están primero;  en ella reside la verdadera democracia, aparte de que los recursos naturales no se pueden privatizar ya que pertenecen a todo el género humano. Además, se relaciona la naturaleza con el mundo espiritual y el daño que se le haga a esta se devolverá en la destrucción del ser humano.
Lo imposible como práctica de clase: Darío-Martí
Authors: Roberto Morales Mario
Published: July 2018

El paso del siglo XIX al XX sorprende a Centroamérica en una encrucijada que, como parte consubstancial de ese tránsito, habría de marcar el desarrollo de su peculiar modernidad.
El inglés platónico o el latino de todas las mañanas
Authors: Abril Luis Carlos
Published: July 2018

Después, guardó las llaves en el bolsillo derecho. Y salió al sol. Era una mañana de verano, fresca. Encendió el habitual cigarrillo que fumaba durante aquel recorrido. Dio los buenos días a un vecino. Iba con la mirada puesta en la carretera, a lo lejos.
The Model for Dilution Process of Landslide Triggered Debris Flow —A Case of Guanba River in Tibet Southeastern Plateau
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Ningsheng
Published: July 2018

Understanding and modeling the downstream dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow is the foundation for recognizing the boundary condition and dilution mechanism of this type of debris flow, and this serves as the theoretical basis for the categorized control of viscous debris flows, diluted debris flows, hyperconcentration flows and flash floods in a drainage basin. In this study, taking as an example a typical debris flow that occurred in the Guanba River on Tibet’s southeastern plateau on July 6th, 1998, empirical models are used to calculate the density, water flow discharge, debris flow discharge, average depth of loose materials and channel gradient at 11 cross-sections upstream to downstream in the debris flow. On this basis, the dilution characteristics and debris flow dilution process are analyzed in this study. According to the correlation between the debris flow density and the water-soil ratio and channel gradient, we have established the density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process, which can predict the dilution process of a landslide triggered debris flow. The study results include the following four aspects: (1) The key factors in the dilution process of landslide triggered debris flows are the water flow discharge, average depth of loose materials and channel gradient. (2) The debris flow dilution characteristics in the Guanba River in 1998 include the occurrence of the debris flow dilution process after a significant increase in the water-soil ratio; an increase in the proportion of fine particles after dilution of the debris flow; and the size distribution of grain is “narrowed.” (3) In accordance with the density and dilution characteristics, the debris flow dilution process in the Guanba River can be divided into the upstream viscous debris flow section, midstream and downstream transitional debris flow section and downstream diluted debris flow section. (4) The density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process is expressed by the Lorentz equation, and this model can reflect the debris flow dilution process such that the debris flow density will decrease gradually with an increase in the water-soil ratio and decrease in channel gradient. The density evaluation model for the debris flow dilution process has been verified by three debris flow cases, which include Gaoqiao Gully, Haizi Valley, and Aizi Valley
Automatic Identification of Calcareous Lithologies Using Support Vector Machines, Borehole Logs and Fractal Dimension of Borehole Electrical Imaging
Authors: Leal Jorge Alberto , Ochoa Luis Hernan , Contreras Carmen Cecilia
Published: July 2018

In this research algorithms of support vector machine (SVM) and a logic function were applied to identify automatically sections of carbonate rocks in wells located in the former Barco Concession, Catatumbo Basin - Colombia. During training stages the SVMs use neutron, photoelectric factor and gamma ray logs as input; also mean and variance of resistivity acquired for image tool and fractal dimension of resistive images. The first SVM employs in the training stage intervals manually interpreted of fossiliferous limestone, performed by a specialized geologist integrating information of core-logs correlation of a pilot well; afterwards, in classification stages, this SVM automatically recognizes intervals with fossiliferous limestone only using logs data of any well of the field. The second SVM was also trained with nuclear logs, resistivity and fractal dimension, but in this case, with information of intervals composed of calcareous shales interbedded with limestone, recognizing automatically these rock associations during classification stage without interpretations of a geologist as input data. Additionally, a logic function was applied to intervals with photoelectric factor ≥ 4 and all sections not classified by the SVMs were grouped as laminated calcareous rocks. The SVMs and logic function show accuracy of 98.76 %, 94.02 % and 94.60 % respectively in six evaluated wells and might be applied to other wells in the field that have the same dataset. This methodology is highly dependent of the data quality and all intervals affected by bad borehole condition have to be removed prior its application in order to avoid wrong interpretations. Finally, the whole model has to be recalibrated to be applied in other fields of the basin.
Positive medical education: Are we focusing on the right things while teaching?
Authors: Tala Alvaro
Published: July 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Neuropsychiatric disorders are a global problem and medical students are a population with high vulnerability to mental disorders, with medical education currently in crisis considering the alarming rates of mental health problems reported in medical students, which in addition to compromising the health of students, influence their learning processes and patient care. In this context, it is necessary to move towards a medical education that considers, in addition to the academic performance, the well-being of its students as a central focus, without compromising the former. Positive psychology, with interventions at individual level, and positive education, with interventions at institutional level, could provide a response based on the evidence to this problem, in the form of a positive medical education. This article address a personal view of how this approach can benefit medical students
Four Years of Experience Using Problem-Based Learning as a Platform to Develop Student Teaching Skills: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lupi Carla , Ward-Peterson Melissa , Castro Christian , Splinter Ansley
Published: July 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: A graduating medical student should be competent in both teaching and communication skills. This concept is supported by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Our study describes how we utilized problem-based learning as a platform for developing student teaching skills and to examine preliminary outcomes. Methods: Since 2013, third-year medical students at Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine have participated in a mandatory problem-based learning course in parallel to their clinical rotations. During the course orientation students have been led through interactive sessions on writing learning objectives and methods for effective micro-teaching sessions. During seven subsequent sessions, trained faculty members have assessed and provided narrative comments on students' "Ability to Teach Peers" using an anchored developmental scale rubric. Data from four academic years were available for analysis. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test differences between the initial and final sessions. Results: At the initial session, 39.0% (n=147) received ratings of "mastering." By the final session, 62.6% (n=236) received ratings of "mastering." Conclusion: Our preliminary work demonstrates that a brief orientation to micro-teaching followed by repeated mandatory practice and feedback within our problem-based learning curriculum may serve to build students' teaching skills.
Introduction
Authors: Hill Crag , Pitre Leilya , Bickmore Steve , Suico Terri
Published: July 2018

Welcome to Study and Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature, Volume 3/Issue 1.
Análisis comparativo en la determinación de ferrita delta para aceros inoxidables austeníticos
Authors: Asta Eduardo , Ríos Juan Carlos , Cambiasso Francisco
Published: July 2018

RESUMEN En la soldadura de aceros inoxidables austeníticos la determinación de ferrita delta (ferrita-δ) resulta muy importante para poder conocer la susceptibilidad que presenta el metal de soldadura a la fisuración en caliente, uno de los problemas más importantes en relación con la soldabilidad, el comportamiento metalúrgico y mecánico de este tipo de aceros. La determinación de ferrita-δ en el metal de soldadura puede realizarse con métodos predictivos a partir de la composición química del metal aportado por el consumible de soldadura (Diagramas de Schaeffler, DeLong, WRC 1988 y WRC 1992) en forma metalográfica y a través de una técnica de ensayo no destructiva utilizando un medidor magnético para la determinación de ferrita. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis comparativo entre la determinación predictiva de ferrita-δ y el método magnético utilizando electrodos inoxidables austeníticos para proceso SMAW de diferentes composiciones y diámetros. Los aportes utilizados corresponden a distintos lotes de fabricación de dichos consumibles y se ha utilizado una metodología estandarizada para la determinación magnética. La correlación entre ambos métodos parece funcionar mejor para valores de NF entre 4 y 8. Los errores y la correlación entre los dos métodos aplicados para determinar NF no resultan aceptables cuando los electrodos depositan metales de soldadura con valores altos de NF, mayor que 18.
The Association Between Common Clinical Characteristics and Postoperative Morbidity and Overall Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Wenli , Qdaisat Aiham , Yeung Jason , Lopez Gabriel , Weinberg Jeffrey , Zhou Shouhao , Cohen Lorenzo , Bruera Eduardo , Yeung Sai-Ching J.
Published: July 2018

Background

The impact of noncancerous factors on the morbidity and mortality of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has not been well studied. Using a large surgical cohort, we examined the association between multiple clinical characteristics and postoperative morbidities and survival in patients with GBM.

Materials and Methods

The study included 404 consecutive GBM patients who underwent initial tumor resection at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Data about clinical characteristics, treatments, and postoperative complications were collected. The associations between clinical parameters and postoperative complications and survival were analyzed.

Results

Charlson Comorbidity Index was positively related to a higher incidence of postoperative total (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20; p = .002) and neurological (OR = 1.18; p = .011) complications. Preoperative systolic blood pressure (SBp) over 140 mmHg was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 4.42; p = .039) and longer hospital stay (OR = 2.48; p = .015). Greater postoperative fluctuation of SBp (OR = 1.14; p = .025) and blood glucose (mmol/L; OR = 1.48; p = .023) were related to a higher incidence of neurological complications, whereas higher postoperative blood glucose (OR = 0.64; p < .001) was related to a lower incidence. Long-term lower SBp (<124 mmHg; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; p = .010) and higher blood glucose (HR = 1.12; p < .001) were associated with shorter survival. Long-term serum albumin level (g/dL; HR = 0.32; p < .001) was positively associated with survival.

Conclusion

Short-term SBp and blood glucose levels and fluctuations are associated with postoperative complications in GBM patients. Their long-term optimization may impact survival of these patients. Future clinical trials are needed to confirm the benefit of optimizing medical comorbidities on GBM patients' outcomes.

Implications for Practice

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most feared cancer diagnoses because of its limited survival and treatment. This study revealed significant associations of noncancerous factors on the morbidity and mortality of GBM. The complexity of medical comorbidities, as well as short-term postoperative levels and fluctuations of blood pressure and blood glucose, was associated with postoperative complications, but not overall survival. However, long-term levels of these common clinical parameters were significantly associated with survival. Optimization of medical conditions may be critical for reducing the morbidity and mortality of GBM patients. Future clinical trials are needed to validate the observed associations in an independent cohort.
Barriers to Oncology Biosimilars Uptake in the United States
Authors: Nabhan Chadi , Valley Amy , Feinberg Bruce A.
Published: July 2018

Biosimilars are biological compounds that contain an active substance that is similar to the active substance in an already approved biologic. This commentary focuses on the barriers to the use of biosimilars in the United States.
Stress–strain behaviour of hybrid-fibre engineered cementitious composite in compression
Authors: Wang Zhenbo , Zuo Jianping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Jiang Guanghui , Feng Lulu
Published: July 2018

Targeting the balance between high strength and toughness of engineered cementitious composite (ECC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-steel hybrid-fibre-reinforced engineered cementitious composites were developed in this study. Cylindrical specimens were tested under uniaxial compression to investigate the stress–strain behaviour of hybrid-fibre composites with particular focus on the impact of matrix strength and steel fibre content. The experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties of hybrid-fibre systems were improved with increasing content of steel fibre, and this enhancement became more and more pronounced with increasing matrix strength. The impact of additional steel fibre on compressive parameters, such as compressive strength, strain corresponding to peak stress, elastic modulus and toughness index, were also strongly influenced by the matrix strength. Positive responses due to steel fibre were reduced with decreasing matrix strength, and even transformed into a negative effect in a low-strength matrix. When considering both high strength and toughness, a moderate amount of steel fibres was favourable. Furthermore, a simple analytical model especially for hybrid-fibre-reinforced ECC was proposed to give satisfactory predictions of the complete stress–strain behaviour. It is expected that this model can be used as a first approximation for non-linear analysis of ECC structures.
MicroRNA-214-3p in the Kidney Contributes to the Development of Hypertension
Authors: Liu Yong , Usa Kristie , Wang Feng , Liu Pengyuan , Geurts Aron M. , Li Junhui , Williams Anna Marie , Regner Kevin R. , Kong Yiwei , Liu Han , Nie Jing , Liang Mingyu
Published: July 2018

Background

In spite of extensive study, the mechanisms for salt sensitivity of BP in humans and rodent models remain poorly understood. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with hypertension, but few have been shown to contribute to its development.

Methods

We examined miRNA expression profiles in human kidney biopsy samples and rat models using small RNA deep sequencing. To inhibit an miRNA specifically in the kidney in conscious, freely moving rats, we placed indwelling catheters to allow both renal interstitial administration of a specific anti-miR and measurement of BP. A rat with heterozygous disruption of the gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was developed. We used bioinformatic analysis to evaluate the relationship between 283 BP-associated human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1870 human miRNA precursors, as well as other molecular and cellular methods.

Results

Compared with salt-insensitive SS.13BN26 rats, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats showed an upregulation of miR-214-3p, encoded by a gene in the SS.13BN26 congenic region. Kidney-specific inhibition of miR-214-3p significantly attenuated salt-induced hypertension and albuminuria in SS rats. miR-214-3p directly targeted eNOS. The effect of miR-214-3p inhibition on hypertension and albuminuria was abrogated in SS rats with heterozygous loss of eNOS. Human kidney biopsy specimens from patients with hypertension or hypertensive nephrosclerosis showed upregulation of miR-214-3p; the gene encoding miR-214-3p was one of several differentially expressed miRNA genes located in proximity to human BP-associated SNPs.

Conclusions

Renal miR-214-3p plays a functional and potentially genetic role in the development of hypertension, which might be mediated in part by targeting eNOS.
Pretransplant C3d-Fixing Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies Are Not Associated with Increased Risk for Kidney Graft Failure
Authors: Kamburova Elena G. , Wisse Bram W. , Joosten Irma , Allebes Wil A. , van der Meer Arnold , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Baas Marije C. , Spierings Eric , Hack Cornelis E. , van Reekum Franka E. , van Zuilen Arjan D. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Bots Michiel L. , Drop Adriaan C.A.D. , Plaisier Loes , Seelen Marc A.J. , Sanders Jan Stephan , Hepkema Bouke G. , Lambeck Annechien J.A. , Bungener Laura B. , Roozendaal Caroline , Tilanus Marcel G.J. , Voorter Christina E. , Wieten Lotte , van Duijnhoven Elly M. , Gelens Mariëlle A.C.J. , Christiaans Maarten H.L. , van Ittersum Frans J. , Nurmohamed Shaikh A. , Lardy Neubury M. , Swelsen Wendy , van der Pant Karlijn A.M.I. , van der Weerd Neelke C. , ten Berge Ineke J.M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Hoitsma Andries J. , van der Boog Paul J.M. , de Fijter Johan W. , Betjes Michiel G.H. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Roelen Dave L. , Claas Frans H. , Otten Henny G.
Published: July 2018

Background Complement-fixing antibodies against donor HLA are considered a contraindication for kidney transplant. A modification of the IgG single-antigen bead (SAB) assay allows detection of anti-HLA antibodies that bind C3d. Because early humoral graft rejection is considered to be complement mediated, this SAB-based technique may provide a valuable tool in the pretransplant risk stratification of kidney transplant recipients.

Methods Previously, we established that pretransplant donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) are associated with increased risk for long-term graft failure in complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch-negative transplants. In this study, we further characterized the DSA-positive serum samples using the C3d SAB assay.

Results Among 567 pretransplant DSA-positive serum samples, 97 (17%) contained at least one C3d-fixing DSA, whereas 470 (83%) had non–C3d-fixing DSA. At 10 years after transplant, patients with C3d-fixing antibodies had a death-censored, covariate-adjusted graft survival of 60%, whereas patients with non–C3d-fixing DSA had a graft survival of 64% (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 1.48 for C3d-fixing DSA compared with non–C3d-fixing DSA; P=0.93). Patients without DSA had a 10-year graft survival of 78%.

Conclusions The C3d-fixing ability of pretransplant DSA is not associated with increased risk for graft failure.
İdrar Yolu Enfeksiyonu Olan Yenidoğanların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Ebru , UYGUR KÜLCÜ Nihan , SAY Züleyha Aysu
Published: July 2018

Giriş: Çocuklukta geçirilen idrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE), erişkin çağda
böbrek yetmezliğinin en önemli sebeplerinden biridir. Zamanında
tanınıp, uygun tedavi edilen enfeksiyon, renal hasar riskini azaltabilir.  Çalışmamızda hastanemizde İYE tanısıyla tedavi
edilen yenidoğanları retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi, tanı ve tedavi
konusundaki verilerimizi klinik pratiğimizde yardımcı ve yol gösterici olarak
kullanmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu araştırmaya, Ocak 2009- Ekim 2012 tarihleri arasında Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve
Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım-2
Ünitesi’ne, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu tanısıyla yatırılan ya da yatırıldıktan
sonra idrar yolu enfeksiyonu tanısı alan 137 yenidoğan hasta dâhil edildi. Tüm
hastaların demografik özellikleri, fizik muayene bulguları, laboratuvar
değerleri ve tedavi yöntemleri değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmamızdaki
137 hastanın %78,8’i erkek, %21,2’si kızdı. Hastaların başvuru semptomları
sırasıyla; uzamış sarılık
(%38,7), ateş (%28,5), emmeme (%28,5), kusma (%13,1), huzursuzluk (%10,2),
dehidratasyon (%10,2), letarji (%6,6), kilo alamama (%4,4), idrar yaparken ağlama
(%2,9), konvülziyon (%1,5), ishal (%1,5) ve batın distansiyonu (%0,7) idi. İdrar
kültüründe üreyen en sık patojenler; E.coli
(%54), Klebsiella spp. (%10,2), Enterobakteriacea spp (%9,5) ve ESBL(+) E.coli (%7,3) idi. En çok direnç
geliştirilen antibiyotik ampisilindi. Ampisiline en fazla direnç gösteren
patojen E.coli (%76,3)’ydi. 

Sonuç:
İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu, özellikle yenidoğan ve süt çocuklarında atlanmaması
gereken ve ciddi sonuçları olan bir enfeksiyondur. Oluşabilecek
komplikasyonların önüne geçilmesi, antibiyotik seçimi, uzun süreli izlem ve
görüntüleme yöntemlerinin yönetimine bağlıdır.
Highly porous granulated corundum aggregate prepared out of alumina-polystyrene-foam mixture. Part 7. The study of possibility to prepare the hollow corundum pellets
Authors: Sokov V. N.
Published: July 2018

Fractional composition of the corundum pellets is defined mostly by the polystyrene foam balls grading, by the mixture moisture, and by the granulation's parameters. The using of the high dynamic packing loading influences negatively on the production quality. The plate' rotation frequency, its angle and the granulation time were established in the article. The conditions of the hollow pellets production on base of the technical alumina were developed.
The application features of the modified graphitized carbon lining materials in the alumina electrolysis cell
Authors: Saitov A. V. , Bazhin V. Yu.
Published: July 2018

It was studied how Sodium penetrates inside the samples of the Lithium-modified graphitized carbon material (GCM). The Sodium diffusion coefficients were defined after the GCM's treatment by the Lithium vapor and the diffusion activation energy was calculated for different conditions. The obtained kinetic dependencies allowed to establish the mechanism of Sodium diffusion into the modified GCM. It was shown to be reasonable to expose the GCM's samples to the preliminary treatment by the Lithium vapor which prevents the destruction of the alumina electrolysis cells' cathode surface's lining layers and thus increases its service life. As the tested GCM's samples demonstrated, the possibility was achieved to develop the protection technology of the bottom surface of the Sodium penetration in course of the electrolysis in the alumina-cryolite melts.
The refractory compositions designing for the highly-heat-resistant ceramic products in the foundry practice
Authors: Varfolomeev M. S. , Shcherbakova G. I.
Published: July 2018

The sintering peculiarities of the ceramic materials which had been prepared by means of semidry pressing are investigated in the article. The fillers were the yttrium oxide Y2O3 and the fused corundum α-Al2O3, the bonding phase was the aluminoxane addition either pure or modified by the yttrium and magnesium compounds. We investigated the processes occurring at the examined ceramics sintering at different temperatures and their influence on the obtained ceramics properties. The phase composition, the thermal and mechanical properties of the test samples at 1500 °C are presented. The produced test ceramic crucibles have advanced thermal resistance and stability against the thermal cycling. The possibility is regarded to use the developed ceramic crucibles for melting and casting of the chemically reactive highly-heat-resistant metals and alloys.
The structure and phase condition's evolution in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer under the electron-beam treatment
Authors: Ivanov Yu. F. , Khasanov O. L. , Petyukevich M. S. , Polisadova V. V. , Bikbaeva Z. G. , Teresov A. D. , Kalashnikov M. P. , Tolkachev O. S. , Kuzichkin E. E.
Published: July 2018

The elemental constituents, phase composition and substructural evolution were investigated in the article in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer which was subjected to the intense pulsed electron beam the density of the electron beam being varied. It was shown that the ceramic layer surface's structure and phase conditions were controlled by the electron beam characteristics. The SiC-ceramics surface layer nanostructuring was detected and the electron beam treatment conditions which lead to this effect were defined.
The investigation of the air flow distribution swirling by the rotating suction cylinder
Authors: Gol'tsov A. B. , Logachev K. I. , Averkova O. A. , Tkachenko V. A. , Khodakov I. V.
Published: July 2018

The improvement of the local exhaust ventilation consists in the emission and pollution agents' concentration at the electrical power minimum expenses. The using of the rotating exhaust cylinder in the aspiration hoods can result in the reduction of both the dust loss into the aspiration system and the dust aerosol transportation costs in the air transfer ducts. We investigated the air flow velocity distribution near the rotating exhaust cylinder depending on the rotation frequency and vented air consumption. The obtained results can be applied when the local closed exhaust hoods designing, that is the designing of the aspiration hoods with the dust-collecting chambers.
Asartepe Baraj Gölü (Ankara) Balık Faunası
Authors: SAYLAR Ömer , GÜL Göktuğ , YILMAZ Mehmet , GÜL Ali
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışma, Sakarya Nehri’nin
bir kolu olan İlhan Çayı üzerinde bulunan Asartepe Baraj Gölü’ndeki
balık türlerinin tespiti amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma Mart 2015-Şubat 2016 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür.
Balık örnekleri gölü temsil eden üç farklı istasyondan yakalanmıştır.
Avlamalarda çeşitli göz açıklığına sahip ağlar ile göle dökülen akarsularda ise
elektroşoker kullanılmıştır. Avlanan balık örnekleri %4’lük formaldehit içinde
laboratuvara getirilerek metrik ve meristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Gölde
beş familyaya ait on dört tür yaşamaktadır: Cyprinidae (Alburnoides
kosswigi, Alburnus escherichii, Capoeta
baliki, Carassius gibelio, Chondrostoma angorense, Cyprinus carpio, Pseudorasbora parva, Squalius pursakensis, Tinca tinca,
Vimba vimba,), Cobitidae (Cobitis
simplicispina), Esocidae (Esox lucius), Nemacheilidae (Oxynoemacheilus
angorae) ve Percidae (Perca fluviatilis). Göle giriş şekli
belirlenemeyen istilacı türlerden Carassius gibelio ve Pseudorasbora
parva’nın diğer türler üzerindeki olası etkileri ve popülasyonların
geleceği için biyo-ekolojik izleme çalışmalarının yapılması yararlı olacaktır.
Pengembangan Software Bleep Tes Tim untuk Mengukur Vo2max
Authors: Fauzan Fajar Agni , Agus Rusdiana , Ruhyati Yati
Published: July 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk software bleep tes tim atau bahasa lainnya yaitu 20m multi stage fitnes. Bleep tes merupakan salah satu test untuk mengukur prediksi kekutan aerobic maksimal atau  VO2max. Fungsi utama software ini yaitu untuk memandu jalannya bleep tes yang memudahkan testee dalam memonitoring tester dengan pencatatan nilai yang otomatis.   Metode penelitian yang digunakan diadaptasi dari metode penelitian Reseach and depelopment (Sugiyono (2013) yaitu dengan tahapan (1) Potensi dan Masalah (2) Pengumpulan Informasi (3) Desain Produk (4) Validasi Desain (5) Perbaikan Desain (6) Uji Coba Produk. Hasil uji validasi dan uji coba yang dilakukan dimulai dari tahan simulasi software bleep test dan percobaan dilapangan secara umum berfungsi dengan baik.  Uji statistic Independent T Test menunjukan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai vo2max dan waktu dalam software dengan waktu dan table nilai vo2max menurut para ahli, itu menunjukan bahwa program software dinggap sesuai dengan aturan bleep tes yang dibuat oleh para ahli.Kata kunci: Pengembangan Software, Bleep Test, VO2max
HUBUNGAN KONSENTRASI DENGAN HASIL PUKULAN JARAK JAUH (LONG SROKE) PADA CABANG OLAHRAGA WOODBALL
Authors: Yazid Sidik , Kusmaedi Nurlan , Paramitha Sandey Tantra
Published: July 2018

Dalam olahraga woodball Pukulan jarak jauh (long stoke) meru­pakan salah satu teknik dasar yang dilakukan dalam kerangka mengutamakan irama dan mengontrol selu­ruh ayunan, mulai dari backswing, downswing, impact terhadap bola dan follow through. Konsentrasi sangatlah dibutuhkan dalam melakukan long stroke, sehingga irama pukulan kita tidak berubah. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi dengan hasil pukulan jarak jauh (long stroke) pada cabang olahraga woodball. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu korelasional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 20 orang dari atlet woodball UPI yang diambil menggunakan metode purposiv sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah Tes Konsentrasi (Tes Grid Concentration Exercise) dan Tes Pukulan Jarak Jauh (Long Stroke) dengan validitas untuk tes long stroke adalah nilai r = 0,890 dan p =0,000 dengan reliabilitas tesnya adalah 0,722. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata dari tes konsentrasi ialah 12,10 dan dari tes pukulan jarak jauh (long stroke) adalah 7,20. Nilai dari uji korelasi kedua variabel yaitu 0.920 dan nilai probabilitas 0,000, dengan kontribusi X terhadap Y sebesar 84,6% yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi dengan hasi pukulan jarak jauh (long stroke) pada cabang olahraga
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENGUKUR KECEPATAN RENANG GAYA BEBAS 50 METER BERBASIS MICROCONTROLLER ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Gilang , Badruzaman ,
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat software dan hardware instrumen pengukur kecepatan renang gaya bebas 50 meter berbasis microcontroller Arduino UNO. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode Research and Development (R&D). Instrumen yang dibuat menggunakan rangkaian elektronika berbasis microcontroller Arduino UNO. Instrumen ini menggunakan sensor laser yang dipancarkan pada LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) / receiver sinar laser yang fungsinya mendeteksi halangan yang memotong sinar laser. Instrumen ini menggunakan kabel sebagai penghubung untuk transfer data, alat ini terdiri dari empat sensor yang bisa dipasang diantara jarak 0-50 meter dengan hasil tampilan kecepatan renang dalam aplikasi Monitoring renang gaya bebas 50 meter yang dibuat menggunakan software visual basic 6.0. Instrumen ini bekerja secara otomatis ketika buzzer  ditekan dan langsung menjalankan timer yang ada pada aplikasi Monitoring renang gaya bebas 50 meter, ketika atlet berenang dan memotong sinar laser ditiap sensor maka sensor akan memberikan sinyal yang memberhentikan timer yang sedang berjalan dalam aplikasi Monitoring renang gaya bebas 50 meter. Sampel dari penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan angkatan 2015. Hasil tampilan waktu tempuh dan kecepatan ditampilkan pada aplikasi Monitoring renang gaya bebas 50 meter. Output dari hasil penggunaan instrumen ini yaitu dapat mengetahui berapa kecepatan maksimal perenang tersebut, mengetahui pada jarak dan waktu keberapa akselerasi dan deselerasi terjadi, yang selanjutnya hasil akan di analisis dan dievaluasi oleh pelatih untuk meningkatkan performa atlet.
Perbandingan Metode Hydrotherapy Massage dan Massage Manual terhadap Pemulihan Kelelahan Anaerobic Lactacid Pasca Olahraga
Authors: Ningrum Destiana Ayu , Rahayu Nur Indri
Published: July 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara kedua metode massage terhadap pemulihan dan penurunan asam laktat. Dengan menggunakan Desain penelitian One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design terhadap 6 Mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan angkatan 2008 dengan teknik menggunakan Nonprobability Sampling yaitu Purposive Sampling, instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah Accutrend Lactacid. Hasil penelitian yang di peroleh adalah terdapat penurunan kadar asam laktat yang signifikan dengan nilai rata-rata pretest 10,96 mmol pasca olahraga anaerobik lactacid  melalui metode hydrotherapy massage maka di akhir didapat nilai posttest dengan rata-rata 3,63 mmol, lalu terdapat penurunan yang signifikan juga pada metode massage manual dengan nilai pretest 11 mmol dan nilai postest 6,5 mmol dan terdapat perbandingan yang signifikan antara metode hydrotherapy massage dan massage manual dilihat dari nilai rata-rata yang terbesar yaitu metode hydrotherapy massage 7,3333 mmol. Artinya metode hydrotherapy massage dan massage manual sama-sama menurunkan kadar asam laktat secara signifikan , tetapi yang lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar asam laktatnya adalah metode hydrotherapy massage