bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Average aspen forest density standards in the Kostromskaya region
Authors: Багаев С.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются результаты исследований по разработке нормативов полноты осиновых древостоев Костромской обл. Предложенные эталоны нормальных древостоев являются универсальными и простыми в практическом использовании. Могут применяться при ведении целевого хозяйства в высокотоварных осинниках района исследований. Структурный характер нормативов полноты позволяет оптимизировать проведение рубок ухода и рубок с целью заготовки древесины, а также разрабатывать программы формирования высокопродуктивных насаждений.

Aspen stands are widely represented in the forests of the Kostroma region-their area accounted for about 10% of wooded land and common stocks and operational osinnikov for the past 60 years have increased more than 2 times. Aspen ranked faster growth among deciduous species, but its widespread use prevents exposure to rot. However, in a number of transport available districts meet highly productive plantations healthy Aspen, where maintenance of trust management in Aspen as the primary breed. This will require improving existing and newly created taxation regulations, in particular the establishment of objective and universal standards of normal fullness stands. These conditions meet the standards of a structural nature, based on the notion that forest as a set of coherent basic units. This article discusses the results of research on the development of normal levels of completeness of Aspen forests in the Kostroma region. The proposed sum of squares of cross-sections of normal Aspen stands are universal and simple in practical use. Introduction as input to the reference tables instead of height to diameter at a height of 1.3 m (most easily defined, calculated taxation), makes it easy to determine the relative widths of plantings and improves the accuracy of the inventory. This figure, in contrast to a height of, is the most sensitive indicator of growth that can objectively assess the effectiveness of silvicultural practices. Structural completeness standards allows you to optimize your moments of felling of main use and care, to develop programs of creation of highly productive plantings.
Influence of Growth Regulators in Clonal Micropropagation of the Blackberry
Authors: Макаров С. , Кузнецова Б.
Published: July 2024

Приводятся результаты влияния регуляторов роста при клональном размножении ежевики сорта Эдриенн. Установлено, что цитокининовая активность цитодефа выше, чем 6-БАП. Выявлено положительное влияние эпина на побегообразование ежевики.

Data on the effect of growth regulators in the clonal micropropagation of blackberry. The study of the organogenesis of the blackberry plants of the Adrienne variety at the stage of «micropropagation proper» on the Murashige-Skoga nutrient medium (MS) using cytokinins 6-BAP (0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l), cytodef (0.1 mg /l and 0.2 mg /l) and adaptogen epin (0.1 mg/l). The positive effect of epin on the biometric characteristics of the regenerative plants of the blackberry variety Adrienne. The maximum number of shoots (an average of 8.1 pcs.) formed using a cytodef at a concentration of 0.2 mg/l. The greatest number of shoots (8.6 pcs.) was observed when cytodef was added to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.2 mg/l and epin (without epin – 7.5 pcs.). The total length of shoots largely depends on the concentration of cytokinins. The maximum total increase is observed when the cytodef is used at a concentration of 0.2 mg/l and reaches an average of 6.6 cm. Adding 0.1 mg/l of epine to the nutrient medium contributes to an increase in the total length of the shoots. More active stimulation of shoot formation in the blackberry variety Adrien with the use of cytokine cytodef even in significantly lower concentrations in comparison with 6-BAP.
Automated Detection of Forest Cover and Forest Characteristics Kolichestvennykh of Municipal Shebekinskiy District of the Belgorod Region on Space
Authors: Корсиков С. , Глушенков И. , Перепечина И.
Published: July 2024

Методом автоматизированного дешифрирования снимков среднего разрешения Sentinel-2 определена лесистость и количественные характеристики лесов на примере Шебекинского муниципального района Белгородской обл. Площадь выделенных по снимкам категорий земель, покрытых древесно-кустарниковой растительностью, превысила площадь по данным ГЛР на 44 % (данные ГЛР – 33 315 га, данные по результатам исследований – 47 979,6 га). Таким образом, площадь неучтенных лесов составила 14 664,6 га. Средняя лесистость района по результатам исследований – 25,7 % против 17,9 % по данным ГЛР.

Article on the topic of «Automated determination of quantitative characteristics of forest cover and forest Shebekinskogo municipal district of Belgorod oblast on space shooting Sentinel-2» is dedicated to the study of the use of remote sensing in determination of quantitative characteristics of forests. The object of research is the territory of Shebekinskogo district of Belgorod oblast, area-186597 HA, is located in the forest-steppe zone. The aim of the research is to determine the area of land covered with forest vegetation, forest cover and quantitative characteristics of forests of the study area method for automated interpretation of satellite imagery[2]. For the automated interpretation of classes of natural systems based on satellite imagery used publicly available satellite imagery Sentinel-2. Automated thematic interpretation was made object-oriented method in the program ScanEx IMAGE Processor V. 4.2. The main difference of this approach is using as a minimum unit of classification segments – homogeneous groups of pixels of the original image. The process of formation of the segments (segmentation) is controllable[1]. On the territory of the object of study selected 7 classes: water bodies, fields, coniferous, softwood, hardwoods, clear cuts, overgrown fields. As a result of research has identified classes of area covered with forest vegetation, highlighted by the image of Sentinel-2. The major share of forests (88,9 %) of hardwood plantations. Coniferous forests (with a predominance of Scots – pine) is 9.6 % of all identified as a result of the classification of forests. The comparison of obtained data with the GLR showed that the area of identified forest classes more 44 %: data GLR – 33315 ha forest area according to the results of research 47979,6ha unrecorded Area of forests amounted to 14664,6 ha. The Average forest cover in the district according to the results of studies of 25.7 % versus 17.9%, according to HLB.   Referens 1. The Use of ALOS Space Imagery to Identify Areas of Former Agricultural Land Overgrown by Forest / E. A. Kurbanov [and etc.] / / Geomatics. – 2010. – № 4. – P. 68–72.
Volumes of Illegal Forest Loggingin Russian Federation
Authors: Кузьмичев Е. , Трушина И. , Лопатин Е.
Published: July 2024

Вопросы дефиниции термина «незаконные рубки» имеют большое значение для единой трактовки участниками лесных отношений требований к законности рубок. По результатам анализа отраслевой статистики и экспертных оценок объемов незаконных рубок по репрезентативным субъектам Российской Федерации сделаны выводы о необходимости адаптации термина «незаконные рубки» и корректного определения их объема.

The paper highlights problems related to illegal logging. Under review are issues linked to definition of illegal logging, data in illegal logging level according to official statistics and expert estimates in the Russian Federation. Problem of illegal logging term definition has a key role both for its identification, law enforcement and countermeasure system development. Wide range of insufficient offenses during logging of forests and trees and extensive interpretation of illegal logging is unsuitable in particular for forest product exporters to international markets. With regard to its value legal liability taking into account lately established international practice of forest activity definition such logging should not be referred to illegal ones. In the Russian Federation there are 2 independent groups of assessments: official statistical data and expert assessments that vary substantially. Conducted analysis of agency level statistical data proves that both in regions and the whole RF the official statistics does not reflect and cover sufficient offenses during logging. It was found that available sufficient foreign assessments of illegal logging in Russia are not based on own studies but rather on information of various environmental including foreign organizations. Such expert assessments of illegal logging in Russia are based mainly on data that lack sufficient accuracy. Special research studies of this problem is practically unavailable. It was found the Russian federation regions lack research based procedures to calculate timber needs for local communities including apartment heating. Official agency level statistical reporting data does not give a real pattern of forest timber resources utilization for local community needs. The paper gives detailed conclusions on conducted analysis that may enable improvement of illegal logging counteraction.
Bioclimatic framework models for forest tree species provenances
Authors: Александров Г. , Проказин Н.
Published: July 2024

Предлагаются биоклиматические рамочные модели для климатипов (климатических экотипов) основных лесных древесных пород. Предлагаемые модели разделяют территорию России на климатопы – районы, которые можно считать относительно однородными по биоклиматическим факторам среды, определяющим генетическую адаптацию древесных пород к климатическим условиям.

The paper highlights issues of key tree species adaptation to climatic conditions. It issuggested that climatic factor simpact genetic division of aspecies in to ecotypes [1] according to the site climatic conditions and development of genetically various population provenances with features favour able for adaptation to certain climatic conditions for instance colder or drier climate. Provenance geographical distributionis specified with bioclimatic framework models [2]. Theauthors shaped bioclimatic frame work models for provenances of Common oak, Norway spruce, Siberian spruce, Ajan spruce, Scots pine, Siberian stone pine, Sukachev larch and Siberian larch. The offered provenance framework models divide Russian territory into climatopes – areas presumably with relatively uniform habitat bioclimatic factors. In author's opinion provenence framework models are needed to specify adverse impacts of climate change on forest management which is critical for development of forest management adaptation strategy to estimated global climate change [3].
Structure of white poplar plantations in the river fioodplains of the Middle Don basin
Authors: Ермолова А.С.
Published: July 2024

Приведена характеристика элементов структуры насаждений тополя белого, проанализирована динамика пространственного размещения деревьев с  повышением возраста, выявлена взаимосвязь элементов структуры и строения древостоев со степенью биологической устойчивости белотополевников. Установлено, что различия в структуре и строении коренных насаждений тополя белого разной типологической приуроченности влияют на ход их роста, продуктивность и состояние.

The article considers a complex of characteristics that determines the specific structure of the floodplain white poplar plantings in native groups of forest types and reflects or directly influence the degree of their biological stability. Referring to the existing connection of research on the structure with problems of maintenance of the stability, increasing forest productivity and effective forest management according to the data of contemporary scientists [1-4], the author of the article bases the actuality of his work for plantings of white poplar – as one of the edificator species in the floodplains of the rivers at the middle Don. The principal part of the article decrypts the structure elements of white poplar plantations of different typological affiliation. The study establishes that there are structural differences in the white poplars which growing in the middle and in the nearterrace parts of the floodplain, what manifest as a measure of distribution, the course of growth and productivity, the species composition, the success of natural regeneration. Analysis of the age structure, reveals a negative tendency to aging of white poplar stands, which smoothes out by its high regeneration and afforestation ability. Species of trees and shrubs that can constitute the second layer of the forest stand and underwood in white poplar plantations points out. The study analyzes distribution of white poplars by stand density and characterizes natural thinning at different thickness level in pure and mixed plantings. The horizontal structure of stands of different age and species composition evaluates by character of the spatial distribution. The research reveals that young white poplars is characterized by regular type of placement of suckers, when it grows up is replaced by random distribution or, in the author's opinion, regular-group. In the mature stands, there are tendency to group placement of white poplar trees and its associated species. The age, typological affiliation, the species composition of white poplar plantations determines their biological stability, and the stand density, thickness and course of natural thinning, the presence and composition of the undergrowth and underwood reflect its degree. The study is proved that the heterogeneity of the stand diameter construction indicates a high degree of biological stability of floodplain white poplars. And both indicators changes with age and differs depending on the group of forest types, and this confirms the results of earlier studies [5].
Tree injections – demand and supply
Authors: Несина Э.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена обзору современного рынка услуг по проведению инъекционных обработок для защиты деревьев от вредителей и болезней. Проанализированы фирмы, предлагающие инъекции, по форме  деятельности, специализации, используемым методам и препаратам. В связи с отсутствием в России препаратов, разрешенных для инъектирования древесных растений, поставлен вопрос о необходимости изменения сложившейся ситуации и создания условий для применения инъекций как экологически безопасного способа защиты деревьев в лесных массивах,  садах и парках.

The paper reviews current market of injection treatment application services to protect trees against pests and diseases (in Russia). The companies that offer injections are analyzed according to their activities, specialization level, applied procedures and preparations. The state of the market oftree injection services in Russia clearly demonstrates that such services are in great demand. At the same time, this market is almost completely illegal, as currently there are no preparations allowed for injection. Such an abnormal situation cannot be maintained, since such a situation is capable, on the one hand, of significantly discrediting the very idea of tree injection. Tree injection can become an important part in the system of effective protection of plantprotection. Hence, favorable opportunities should be created for the registration of new modern preparations for the performance of such works. Lack of allowed preparations for application under the specified procedure in Russia, inconsistency of legal and regulatory background for injection applications to protect tree plants is stressed. A conclusion on need of operations to improve available situation and development of injection application conditions as an environmental procedure for preventive and control treatments of trees in forest areas, gardens and parks.
Sanitary State in Drained Pine Stands of the Middle Ural
Authors: Залесов С , Тукачева А.
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы показатели санитарного состояния сосняков, находящихся под влиянием осушительной мелиорации 29-летней давности в условиях Среднего Урала. Выявлены особенности процесса естественного изреживания в различных типах леса. Установлено влияние удаленности магистрального канала на санитарное состояние древостоя.

On the base of 5 permanent quadrates sanitary state of drained serge-cowbrush, ledum, cowbrush-logmoss pine stands of various forest types have been analyzed [1, 2]. It is noted that in all above mentioned forest types for the whole 29 years when they were subjected to the influence of amelioration action accumulation of a considerable amount of dead trees has taken place; their share constitutes 18,9–32,6% out of the whole quantity; the share of the current year do not exceed 4,3–14,4% as concerns their depth. All the above mentioned testifies the worsening of the forest stands sanitary state. As a whole the average-weight index of sanitary state depends on forest type and medium age at the moment of drying, the index is varying from 2,4 (ledum pine stand) to 2,6-3,5 (cowbrush-logmoss pine stand) and 2,5–2,6 (serge-cowbrush pine stand). Our investigations have shown that practically on all the permanent quadrates the most part of «wealthy» and «weakened» category is concentrated in the neighborhood of drying canal (66,0–91,3%). Those stands growing in intercanal space are represented less amount of dead trees «wealthy» and «weakened» but larger amount of dead trees. The process of natural stand depletion proceeds according to on account of depressed forest thinners part of the tree. The participation share of dead trees by step thickness is decreasing with trees diameter increasing, but it (dead trees stands) is represented in every step thickness that testifies high index of occurrence (from 56,3-100%). We suppose the sanitary state of dried pine stands investigations in conditions of the Middle Ural deserves serious attention and further deep and detailed studying.
Current situation and outlooks of «Avialesookhrana» Central airborne forest protection base
Authors: Акбердин В.В.
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий обзор состояния отечественной системы авиационной охраны лесов после передачи полномочий по охране лесов от пожаров субъектам Российской Федерации. Приведены основные результаты работы по контролю лесопожарной обстановки и оказанию помощи в тушении лесных пожаров субъектам Российской Федерации, а также по профессиональной подготовке и повышению квалификации специалистов авиационной охраны лесов. Намечены стратегические цели дальнейшего развития системы авиационной охраны лесов.

Brief review of domestic airborne forest protection situation after transfer of forest fire protection authorities to the Russian Federation subjects. Key results on forest fire situation control and assistance in forest fire suppression to the Russian Federation subjects as well as professional training and extension of airborne forest protection specialists. Strategic goals for further development of airborne forest protection. Experience of centralized airborne forest protection operation and after its decentralization shows that further development strategy should at establishment of united federal airborne forest protection service to protect forest resource lands against wild fires in airborne forest operation area as well as forest protection in federal specially protected natural territory lands. Whole set of objectives in legislation, funding, staff training arrangement, material technical infrastructure including establishment of aircraft formation for mobile delivery of airborne fire teams, fire suppression explosives, forest fire situation monitoring should be addressed to reach this goal.
Unknown international expedition of North forest explorers
Authors: Седых В.Н.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты международной экспедиции, проведенной в 1993 г. с целью рекогносцировочного обследования инфраструктуры нефтегазового комплекса и состояния лесоболотных экосистем для установления главных проблем, на которых следовало бы сосредоточить усилия при научной проработке их решения.

The paper covers information on the international expedition in August 15-30, 1993 in the Tumenskaya region territory in "Noyabrskneftegaz" (Noyabrsk) operation area in the Taz river basin (Krasnoselkup). 19 forest environmental specialists from Russia and 14 foreign experts from the USA, Canada, Austria, England, France and Greece participated in the expedition. Key expedition goal – expert assessment of environmental condition of forest wetland packages subject to man-made stress in oil and gas field development areas and search of solutions to address North West Siberia nature conservation challenges of world-wide value. The expedition findings noted that human disturbed areas in surveyed territory need forest recultivation aimed at arrangement of fast recovery of initial vegetation communities and whole biocoenocises. Recultivation of these lands needs technologies that ensure faster recovery of young vegetation communities compared to available ones. Based on natural facility condition reconnaissance survey the expedition stated its view of forest swampland pattern condition and suggested operations to improve North nature protection activities completely presented in "North forest explorer international expedition report" entrusted to the custody of the local history museum in Noyabrsk, Yamalo-Nenetsky autonomous district.
Scientific Basis Legalization of Timber Тrade
Authors: Николаев А.И.
Published: July 2024

Изложены пути решения основных проблем в области легализации оборота лесной продукции и пресечения незаконных рубок. Отмечены недостатки в существующих системах учета древесины, контроля рынка лесной продукции и подходах к сертификации. Предложена технология биометрии древесных растений, позволяющая идентифицировать ресурс на принципах персонификации, что является отправной точкой формирования любой системы учета и контроля.

The article Scientific basis legalization of timber trade provides a stepbystep study of the shortcomings of existing systems of wood accounting, control over its turnover in the market of paper products and certification of the legality of its origin. The problems of constructing a hierarchy of functioning of such systems with the justification of the correct approach and strict subordination of the links are considered. The main part of the article describes the functioning of the proposed system of control over the circulation and legalization of wood products with the justification of each link. The necessity of supporting such systems on the basis of marking and identification of forest products by methods that allow to personify each individual woody plant is proved. Substantiates the use of the existing woody plants unique and permanent signs identifying patterns of tree rings. The developed technology of biometrics of woody plants is described, which allows to create an individual label bioinformatic passport of a woody plant according to the pattern of annual rings, the authenticity of which can not be changed. The terminology of application of biometrics to woody plants has been expanded. In the course of research, the basic principles of creating a system of legalization of forest resource turnover are formed, the positive results of the use of the developed technologies are presented. By scaling the proposed technology and architecture of the system to really create a domestic certification system, devoid of negative and controversial aspects of existing systems.
Research in Derivative Forests of the Southern Taiga on the Sites of the Northern Forest Experimental Station of the Institute of Forestry RAS
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. , Рыбакова Н.А.
Published: July 2024

Приведена краткая история исследований на Северной ЛОС Института лесоведения РАН. Проанализированы результаты многолетних стационарных наблюдений сукцессионных процессов в типичных для южной тайги березняках с подпологовой популяцией ели. Рассмотрена динамика ценопопуляции ели по стадиям возрастного развития березняка. Изучены рост ели, динамика возрастной и парцеллярной структур фитоценоза, семеношение и возобновление ели.

The directions and results of researches at the forest objects of the Institute of Forest Science RAS Northern experimental station for a 60-year period are considered. The role of various environmental factors on the development of forest phytocenoses has been determined. Peculiarities of the physicochemical properties and water regime of soils, the structure of root systems, nitrogen and carbon nutrition of phytocenosis elements in connection with forest types and cutting of stands have been revealed. As a result, a detailed characterization of the southern taiga biocenoses types was given and the soil-ecological foundations of forestry for the research region were developed. Investigations of the birch forests succession process with understorey spruce population remain relevant. This is due to insufficient knowledge of the late stages of birch forests development. The basis of forming under the canopy of birch spruce forest the first generation or, renewed during the first 25-30 years of life of birch. Succession processes in the considered phytocenoses proceed very slowly. Spruce is introduced into the first tier of the stand at the age of 7580 years in 80-90-year-old birch. However, the number and proportion of such trees is extremely small (in 115-year-old birch 60 PCs. ha-1, 17 by number of trees, 9 by stock of stem wood). By the age of natural maturity of birch (120 years) is formed by spruce forest with low completeness (0,3) and the performance of the relevant IV class. Change of birch stands at the age of natural ripeness by high-performance spruce stands is impossible. The process of natural change of birch spruce forests, given the age of technical ripeness of future spruce forests, can be delayed for at least 200 years.
Studing the Change of the Vegetation Cover of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve on the Material of Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors:  Лебедев А.В.
Published: July 2024

На примере заповедника «Кологривский лес» проведено тематическое дешифрирование снимков Landsat 5. За 1984–2011 гг. составлены тематические карты преобладающих древесных пород, по которым выявлены основные направления изменения растительного покрова.

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the vegetation cover of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve based on materials of remote sensing of the Earth. The materials for the study were data from Landsat satellites for the period from 1973 to 2011. The classification of objects in the pictures was carried out in five classes: 1 – dark coniferous forests, 2 – light coniferous forests, 3 – deciduous forests, 4 – open areas (fires, cuttings, fields, meadows, etc.), 5 – water bodies. The best classification quality was achieved using Random Forest and CatBoost algorithms. Random Forest was chosen as the final model of the classifier. For 1984, on the Kologriv site of the reserve, the areas of forest not covered by clear cutting were preserved mainly along the rivers Sekha, Londushka and Ponga and the area of the Kologrivsky Forest Natural Monument. In spite of the measures taken for the reproduction of forests on the felling sites, the upper canopy of renewal is mainly represented by deciduous species, under which spruce cultures were in a depressed state. The lack of timely care for crops and the natural renewal of spruce led to the formation of birch in most of the territory of the stands. 12 years later, after a major forest fire in 1972, more than 85% of the territory of the Manturovo site of the reserve was covered with forest tree vegetation, and pine was the predominant species for a considerable area. By 2011, the pine was dominant in the forest fund.
Analysis of the Transport Accessibility of the Forest Fund in the Kostroma region
Authors: Чудецкий А.И. , Сидоренкова Е.М. , Макаров С.С.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты предварительного анализа транспортной доступности лесов Костромской обл. на основе показателя плотности дорог. Представлены данные, характеризующие дорожную ситуацию на территории региона, в частности состояние дорожно-транспортной сети на землях лесного фонда. По результатам натурных обследований установлены основные причины ухудшения состояния лесных дорог.

Kostroma region has a geographical location, characterized by the presence of adjacent borders with 5 regions of the Russian Federation, proximity to Moscow and Yaroslavl, passing of the main railways, waterways and highways pass through the region. Kostroma region is located in the southern taiga region of the European part of Russia. Problems of socio-economic development of the region include infrastructural restrictions associated with a sparse transport network in the north-eastern part and the unsatisfactory condition of a significant part of the horn and access roads, including forest roads. The development of the region’s timber industry complex is constrained by the low density of forest roads with several large timber processing centers. According to a preliminary assessment of the transport accessibility of the region’s forests by road density, only 2 out of 21 forest districts have average transport accessibility, the rest have low (11 forest districts) and very low (7 forest districts) transport access, and the territory of 1 forestry is difficult to access. The density of roads in the forest fund varies from 2,0 to 10,8 km / 1000 ha. The main share of the road transport network is made up of unpaved roads (89,6 % of the total length). As a result of field surveys of the state of forest roads of various types in several districts of the Kostroma region, a deterioration in the condition of forest roads is noted when moving away from federal and regional roads, from regional centers and paths connecting with large forest processing centers, and also depending on the type of landscape and hydrological terrain and other climatic features.
Агротехнические показатели рабочих органов культиватора ККП-1,5А при уходе в лесных питомниках
Authors: Kazakov I. , Rodin S. , Kazakov V.
Published: July 2024

The paper highlights that key cultivator design parameters are working tool operating width and type and its arrangement on frame. These parameters depend on treatment type, sowing design and number of rows in sowing strip. Key requirements for modern forest nursery cultivator worling tools are given. They are designed to rip soil, kill weed vegetation, disturb soil crust and enable soil cultivation depth adjustment from 2 to 10 cm. The paper highlights key requirements for modern cultivator working tools for forest nurseries the studies goal is to raise planting stock treatment efficiency in forest nurseries due to development of ККП-1,5А cultivator digging cutting point for nurseries. Studies to determine agrotechnical indicators in Moscow region nursery spruce large-sized seedling treatments were conducted. Cultivated soil width, protection soil width, ripped soil fraction breakdown (soil particle size indicators) and weed destruction rate were identified in plant treatment quality assessment in forest nurseries. Experiment frequency is fivefold with measurement number in each experiment over 30 times. The study findings were processed under common available mathematic statistics procedures. Digging cutting point applications were found in the highest agrotecnical treatment indicators studies.

Представлена конструкция рыхлительно-подрезающей лапы для культиватора ККП-1,5А, обеспечивающая вертикальный разрез почвы, что позволяет исключить обволакивание рабочего органа сорной растительностью. Определена эффективность применения различных типов рабочих органов культиватора. Установлено, что разработанная в ходе исследований рыхлительно-подрезающая лапа обеспечивает максимальную степень уничтожения сорной растительности при уходе за укрупненными сеянцами в питомниках.
Resistance, Condition and Growth Betula Family Birch Species in the arboretums Pushkino (VNIILM) and Ivanteevka, Moscow region
Authors: Родин С.А. , Межибовский А.М. , Чемарина О.В.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения состояния, роста и устойчивости 10 видов берез (род Betula), высаженных в дендропарках ВНИИЛМ (г. Пушкино) и Ивантеевки. На основе изучения сохранности, роста и изменчивости некоторых морфологических признаков деревьев этих видов сделаны выводы о возможности их использования для озеленения в условиях городского фитоценоза нечернозёмной зоны европейской части России. В скверах и парках указанной зоны могут успешно расти и развиваться следующие интродуценты берёзы: бумажная, вишневая, желтая, каменная, плосколистная, повислая ф. карельская, тополелистная и японская.

VNIILM arboretum was established in Pushkino, Moscow region in 1960–1968 on former essential oil crop collective farm lands. In its territory in close to mixed pinewood growing conditions the following birch species: (Betula pendula Ehrh.), (B. pubesscensEhrh.), (B. ErmaniCham.), (B. pendula var carelica), (B. papyriferia March.) (B.lutea Micyx.), (B.lenta L.), Yablokov pubescent wart rooted type, (B.daurica Pall.), figured (hybrid of Carelian and weeping ones) totally 10 species were planted. 2 species black and cherry ones out of these 10 perished as of 01.05.1980. The following birch species: weeping, pubescent, stone, 1 Casrelian low stem birch tree, 1 paper birch tree and figured namely 5 species and 1 hybrid survived by the studies in 2018–2019. In the dendrological park established mainly in 1938–1940 in Ivanteevka outskirts 10 birch species were planted and 4 of them (Betula populiforia March.), (B. platyphyliaSukacz.), (B. mandsyurica(Rgl) and (B. japonicaSleb.) were not planted in VNIILM arboretum. Most of the planted birches including silver, yellow, paper, cherry, pubescent, American white, Asian white, various patterns of carnelian survived in this arboretum without free attendance. 2 birch species Manchurian and black perished by studies time. It was experimentally found that soil density under surveyed trees was under 1,2 g/см3, while in VNIILM arboretum under survived birches and in perished species area this indicator was higher by 0,2–0,4 g/см3compared to Ivanteevka. Higher soil density likely affected growing conditions and triggered decline of the abovementioned species. Light factor that is primary for this species played a negative role. The declined birch species got under canopy of other fast growing hardwood species.
Oak and Lime Crops in Oak Forest Maple-Linden-Snidevich Fresh Chuvash Republic
Authors: Петров В.А.
Published: July 2024

Восточно-европейская лесная опытная станция, филиал Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института лесоводства и механизации лесного хозяйства, старший научный сотрудник (Казань, Российская Федерация), 5.03vitalic@mail.ru. Аннотация. Рассматривается возможность восстановления дубрав на вырубках смешанными лесными культурами, созданными по промышленной технологии и разным схемам смешения и размещения пород. Восстановление дубрав может быть успешным, если за культурами регулярно проводить агротехнические и лесоводственные уходы. Рубки ухода позволяют формировать насаждения смешанного состава и высокой производительности не ниже II класса бонитета. В возрасте прочисток и прореживаний сохраняется достаточное количество деревьев дуба и сопутствующих пород, необходимое для формирования насаждений сложной структуры: в первом ярусе – дуб и липа, во втором – клён, ильм, вяз, в подлеске – лещина обыкновенная, бересклет бородавчатый и жимолость обыкновенная.

The possibility of restoration of oak forests in clearings with mixed forest cultures, created according to industrial technology and different schemes of mixing and distribution of species, is being considered. Restoration of oak forests can be quite successful if crops are regularly maintained with agrotechnical and silvicultural maintenance. Thinning allows the formation of plantings of mixed composition and high productivity not lower than the II-I class of bonitet. At the age of clearing and thinning of trees, oak and related species are preserved more than enough for the formation of plantations of a complex structure: in the first tier oak, linden, in the second – maple, elm, elm, common hazel in the underbrush, warty euonymus and common honeysuckle.
Combined Restoration Method Oak in the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Петров В.А. , Ильин Ф.С. , Кузнецова Н.Ф.
Published: July 2024

Показана возможность восстановления дуба на вырубках лесными культурами, созданными посадкой сеянцев и посевом желудей дуба с разной шириной междурядий, с учётом естественного возобновления ценными сопутствующими древесными породами. Регулярное проведение агротехнических и лесоводственных уходов при условии сохранности ценных сопутствующих древесных пород, особенно липы мелколистной, позволяет формировать насаждения смешанного состава и высокой производительности I и II классов бонитета (возраст прочисток). Дуб и сопутствующие породы сохраняются в достаточном количестве для дальнейшего формирования рубками ухода насаждений сложной структуры: в первом ярусе - дуб и липа; во втором - клён, ильм и вяз; в подлеске - лещина обыкновенная, бересклет бородавчатый и жимолость обыкновенная. В зависимости от наличия естественного возобновления липы можно регулировать ширину междурядий культур дуба. Комбинированный способ лесовосстановления дуба на вырубках снижает затраты на создание культур. Себестоимость создания культур дуба с шириной междурядий 10 м почти в 2 раза ниже, чем культур с междурядьями 5 м. Кроме того, лесные культуры дуба, созданные с учётом естественного возобновления липы, ценные с экологической точки зрения, поскольку в культурах дуба с междурядьями 10 м лучше сохраняется лесная среда, чем в культурах дуба с междурядьями 6 м и менее.

The possibility of restoring oak in clearings with forest crops created by planting seedlings and sowing acorns of oak with different row spacing, taking into account the natural regeneration of valuable accompanying tree species, is shown. Regular agrotechnical and silvicultural maintenance, taking into account the safety of valuable accompanying tree species, especially small-leaved linden, makes it possible to form stands of mixed composition and high productivity of I and II quality classes (age of clearing). Oak and accompanying species are preserved enough for further formation by thinning of plantations of complex structure: in the first tier there are oak and linden, in the second - maple, elm and elm, in the undergrowth common hazel, warty euonymus and common honeysuckle. The combined method of reforestation of oak in felling areas affects the cost of crops. Depending on the presence of natural regeneration of linden, it is possible to adjust the row spacing of oak crops. Oak crops, created with row spacing of 10 m, are 2 times cheaper than oak crops created with row spacing of 6 m (0.75 m in a row). In addition, oak forest cultures, created taking into account the natural regeneration of linden, are prices from an environmental point of view, since in oak cultures with row spacing of 10 m, the forest environment is better preserved than in oak cultures with row spacing of 6 m or less.
Zoning of the Udmurdskaya Republic Territory by Forest Complex Accessibility
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Перфильева О.В. , Сидоренкова Е.М. , Вахрушев К.В. , Липкина Т.В. , Рыбкин А.С. , Рябцев О.В.
Published: July 2024

Сложившаяся в лесном планировании система оценки доступности лесов не позволяет учесть факторы пропускной способности дорог, сезонной доступности территории, расстояния и времени доставки лесной продукции и лесохозяйственной техники. На примере Удмуртской Республики апробированы методы комплексной оценки территории по доступности лесов, осуществлено зонирование территории республики по факторам, оказывающим влияние на комплексную доступность лесов. Доступность оценивали по степени развития сети дорог, продуктивности лесов, породному разнообразию, проходимости дорог в зависимости от почвогрунтов, ландшафтным особенностям территории, гидрологической ситуации, развитию транспортной инфраструктуры. При проведении исследований использовали современные методы геоинформационного анализа данных. На основе методов геоинформационного анализа составлены карты зонирования территории республики по плотности дорог, комплексной доступности лесов, режимам содержания и использования лесов, расстоянию и времени вывозки лесной продукции и транспортировки лесохозяйственной техники. Результаты исследований позволяют осуществить планирование различных систем ведения лесного хозяйства с учетом сезонной доступности лесов, времени и расстояния доставки лесных грузов. В совокупности эти показатели позволяют оценить возможности внедрения систем интенсификации лесного хозяйства на территории Удмуртской Республики.

Forest accessibility assessment is one of the key indicators of forest management planning, development of forest industry and non-wood forest use. Practically forest product and forest machinery transportation is required in all forest management types. Forest accessibility especially in no frost period affects forest regeneration operations that are a key element of updated forest management intensification system. In case of inaccessible forest regeneration areas for forest treatment operations forest regeneration will be affected by natural factors with productivity losses and tree species shift. The studies showed that the established forest accessibility assessment in forest planning does not allow to take road traffic capacity factors, territory accessibility season, forest product and forest machinery delivery distance and time into consideration. Integrated forest accessibility territory assessment procedures and the Republic territory zoning by various factors affecting forest accessibility have been tested in the Udmurdskaya Republic territory. Based on GIS analysis procedures the republic territory diagram maps were developed by road density, forest integrated accessibility, forest management and use modes, distance and access to forest product and forest machinery center time. Practical findings enable various forest management modes with regard to seasonal forest accessibility, forest product delivery distance and time. As a whole all these indicators enable intensification system introduction opportunities in a certain area.
Сlonal Micropropagation of Promising Cultivars and Forms of Half-Highbush Blueberry Using a Vitamin-Mineral Complex
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Заушинцена А.В. , Куликова Е.И.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по выращиванию в культуре in vitro растений полувысокорослой голубики сорта Northblue и гибридной формы 23-1-11 с применением витаминно-минерального комплекса. Растения-регенеранты культивировали на питательных средах WPM, WPM 1/2 и WPM 1/4 с добавлением цитокинина 2-iP в концентрациях 2,0 и 4,0 мл/л. На этапе введения в культуру in vitro наибольшая жизнеспособность (84-90 %) эксплантов полувысокорослой голубики сорта Northblue и гибридной формы 23-1-11 отмечена при использовании в качестве стерилизующих агентов Экостерилизатора бесхлорного, разведенного в соотношении 1:1, сулемы (0,1 %-й раствор) и Лизоформина 3000 (5 %-й раствор) при экспозиции 15 мин. На этапе «собственно микроразмножение» повышение концентрации цитокинина 2-iP от 2,0 до 4,0 мл/л способствовало увеличению количества микропобегов растений голубики в 1,1-1,2 раза, но вызывало уменьшение их суммарной длины в 1,3-1,6 раза. При добавлении витаминно-минерального комплекса суммарная длина микропобегов полувысокорослой голубики увеличивалась в 1,3-2,1 раза. Количество и суммарная длина микропобегов полувысокорослой голубики гибридной формы 23-1-11 превышали аналогичные показатели сорта Northblue в 1,1-1,3 и 1,3-1,4 раза соответственно.

The results of studies on growing in vitro plants of half-highbush blueberry of Northblue cultivar and hybrid form 23-1-11 with the use of a vitamin-mineral complex. Regenerated plants are cultivated on nutrient medias WPM, WPM 1/2, and WPM 1/4 supplemented with cytokinin 2-iP at concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l. The highest viability (84-90 %) of explants of half-highbush blueberry of Northblue cultivar and hybrid form 23-1-11 are observed when using Chlorine-free Ecosterilizer 1:1, mercuric chloride (0.1 %) and Lizoformin3000 (5 %) as sterilizing agents with a sterilization time of 15 minutes at the stage of introduction into in vitro culture. An increase in the concentration of cytokinin 2-iP from 2.0 to 4.0 ml/l contributed to an increase in the number of microshoots of blueberry plants by 1.1-1.2 times and a decrease in the total length by 1.3-1.6 times at the stage of “actual micropropagation”. The number of half-highbush blueberry micro-shoots increased by 1.0-1.2 times and the total length of shoots by 1.3-2.1 times with the addition of a vitamin-mineral complex. The number and total length of microshoots of blueberry plants of the half-highbush of hybrid form 23-1-11 exceeded than Northblue cultivar by 1.1-1.3 and 1.3-1.4 times respectively.
Rhizogenesis of Narrow-Leaved Blueberry ( Ait.) Depending on the Concentration of Auxins
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Бабич Н.А. , Куликова Е.И. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Клевцов Д.Н.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по культивированию полувысокорослой голубики (сорта Northblue и Putte) и гибридных форм голубики узколистной (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in vitro на этапе укоренения микропобегов на питательной среде WPM. В качестве росторегулирующих веществ использовали ауксины ИМК и ИУК в концентрациях 1,0 и 2,0 мг/л. С повышением в питательной среде концентраций ИМК и ИУК от 1,0 до 2,0 мг/л количество и суммарная длина корней растений-регенерантов голубики узколистной увеличивалось в 1,2-2,4 и 1,8-8,1 раза соответственно. Суммарная длина корней на одно растение голубики имела максимальные значения (в среднем 12,2 см) при наличии в питательной среде ауксина ИУК в концентрации 2,0 мг/л. Количество и суммарная длина корней у растений гибридных форм 23-1-11 и 27-10 были соответственно в 1,2-1,3 и 1,4-1,6 раза больше, чем у сортов Northblue и Putte.

The results of studies on the cultivation of half-highbush blueberry (Northblue and Putte cultivars) and hybrid forms of narrow-leavedblueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in vitro at the stage of rooting of microshoots on WPM nutrient medium. IBA and IAAare used as growth regulating substances at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l. The number and total length of the roots of blueberry regenerated plants increased by 1.2-2.4 and 1.8-8.1 times, respectively, with an increase in the concentration of IBA and IAA in the nutrient medium from 1.0 to 2.0 mg/l. The total length of roots per plant of blueberry has maximum values (12.2 cm on average) in the presence of IAAauxin in the nutrient medium at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l, while in plants of hybrid forms 23-1-11 and 27-10 the number and the total length of roots per plant are 1.2-1.3 and 1.4-1.6 times greater, respectively, than in the Northblue and Putte cultivars.