bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de las competencias emocionales del profesorado de secundaria mediante una intervención integral en coaching
Authors: Chianese Claudia , Prats Fernández Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2021

La transformación que está viviendo la educación exige un cambio de rol para el docente, el tutor y el orientador y el desarrollo de sus competencias emocionales (CEmo), necesarias para facilitar una mejor orientación en el proceso de aprendizaje y crecimiento del alumnado. Para acompañarle en este reto es interesante aplicar procesos reflexivos, como el coaching, al ámbito educativo (CEd). El objetivo de nuestro estudio se centra en comprender los cambios percibidos por los miembros de un centro de secundaria en las CEmo de sus docentes, tras haber participado en un programa de CEd contextualizado. Se realizó un estudio de caso dividido en tres fases con un diseño integrado mixto. Nos centramos en la última fase, recogiendo datos cuantitativos, mediante el uso del cuestionario de desarrollo emocional CDE A-35, administrado a todo el claustro tras la intervención, y otros cualitativos, mediante entrevistas, focus group y encuestas, a distintos colectivos del centro. Los resultados cualitativos indican que los docentes perciben haber cambiado sus CEmo y los cuantitativos muestran un aumento en la media de casi todas las CEmo, sugiriendo que, con un programa más duradero, podrían ser significativos. En conclusión, el coaching facilita la reflexión del docente sobre su nuevo rol, como desarrollar sus CEmo, contribuyendo a la percepción de su mejora y de las de otros miembros del centro educativo. Asimismo, haber participado en estos programas y una sensibilidad previa al respecto, son claves para promover y consolidar cambios significativos en la función docente, tutorial y orientadora en un futuro.
Inclusión escolar del alumnado de primaria y secundaria con altas capacidades en la provincia de Sevilla (España)
Authors: Navarro-Montaño Mª José , Hernández de la Torre Elena
Published: July 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la atención educativa que se está ofreciendo actualmente al alumnado con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales en centros educativos públicos de educación primaria, secundaria y Asociaciones en Sevilla y provincia. Hemos indagado en la detección temprana y el abordaje de estrategias educativas, así como en la implicación familiar en el proceso educativo de estos estudiantes. La metodología seguida es de corte descriptivo-narrativo a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico e intencional, combinando el enfoque cualitativo y el cuantitativo; se trata, por tanto, de una metodología mixta. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de datos son entrevistas a equipos directivos de centros, orientadores, directores de Asociaciones y cuestionarios al profesorado. Los resultados destacan la falta de detección y apoyo en estadios iniciales por profesionales especialistas y la escasez de recursos en la trayectoria formativa de este alumnado; las conclusiones principales resaltan la necesidad de formación de profesionales y falta de asesoramiento a profesionales y a familias como principales implicados en su atención educativa. Las implicaciones para la práctica revelan que las Asociaciones colaboran con el profesorado en la elaboración de Programas de enriquecimiento,ofrecen información a las familias y atención individualizada en base a necesidades concretas, realizando tareas de orientación y sensibilización a nivel educativo, sanitario y universitario.
Reseña del libro de Adela Cortina "Ética cosmopolita. Una apuesta por la cordura en tiempos de pandemia"
Authors: Ramos Pozón Sergio
Published: July 2021

Adela Cortina, doctora Honoris Causa, es un referente indiscutible en el ámbito de la ética (García-Marzá, Lozano Aguilar, Martínez Navarro y Siurana Aparisi, 2018). En sus primeras obras (Cortina, 1985, 1986, 1990) ya se indicaba la necesidad de encontrar unos mínimos cívicos, un conjunto de valores y principios para una convivencia pacífica entre ciudadanos con distintas morales, gracias a los cuales construir modos ideales particulares de vida buena. Para descubrir esos mínimos optó por el procedimentalismo dialógico. Ahora bien, durante los años ha ido reflexionando sobre ese procedimentalismo para hacer un análisis más completo del vínculo comunicativo. Y eso fue lo que pretendió con sus obras centradas en desarrollar una ética cordis (Cortina, 2007, 2009). Como bien sostiene, «quien tenga voluntad de justicia, voluntad de descubrir mediante el diálogo qué es lo justo, está obligado a trabajar activamente por la defensa de los derechos humanos y las capacidades básicas de los afectados» (Cortina, 2007: 120).
Administrative legal mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to the government bodies in the Ural Federal District: the peculiarities of legal regulation
Authors: Kalashnikov Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

The subject of this this research is the normative legal and legal acts of the government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Ugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) that regulate the administrative legal mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to the government bodies in the indicated regions. Special  attention is given to the importance and need for legal regulation of the issues associated with arranging additional guarantees and exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies, particularly on the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned normative legal act and legal acts, the author reveals the peculiarities of legal regulation of the administrative legal mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District, the limits of norm-setting authorities of the listed regions of the Russian Federation, specificities of securing additional guarantees of the rights of citizens to appeal to government bodies in the corresponding regional laws, approaches towards consolidation of the categorical and conceptual apparatus, determination of parties to legal relations in the area of exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies, the role of normative legal and legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included into the Ural Federal District within the mechanism of exercising the right of citizens to appeal to government bodies. The conclusion is formulated on the prospect of the approaches of certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation towards legal regulation of the mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal government. The author also makes recommendation for its improvement.
The role of tax policy in encouraging a healthy lifestyle of the population
Authors: Makarova Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The relevance of this research is defined by the ongoing worldwide negative trends related to the spread of infectious diseases, which require the development and adoption of complex preventive measures, including tax policy. The subject of this research of the use of tax instruments within the framework of the policy of encouraging a healthy lifestyle of the population. The author explores the methods of indirect taxation of “harmful” food products, summarizes foreign and historical experience in implementation of disincentive tax measures: imposition of tax on high sugar carbonated beverages, the so-called “fat” tax and the salt tax. The author outlines the possible alternative scenarios of using indirect taxation for promoting healthy eating habits. Practical interest of the conducted research consist in recommendations on the use of the incentive mechanism for the value-added tax. Attention is given to the fact that along with the instruments of indirect taxation, the effective measure of healthy lifestyle policy may become the introduction of direct tax incentives aimed at enhancing physical activity of the population. The author determines the contradictions between the labor and tax legislation on the issues of accounting of business expenses allocated for the sport activity of the working citizens. The conclusion is made on feasibility of the broader use of tax incentives, as well as on the need for amending the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees.
International development of the concept of taxation of a permanent representation of a foreign company as an “independent taxpayer” and the experience of its application in the Russian Federation
Authors: Yakovlev Pavel Igorevich
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the development of the concept of taxation of permanent representations of foreign companies on the international level and its application in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the permanent representations of foreign companies. The author examines such aspects of the topic, as the use of agreements on avoidance of double taxation, countering the tax base erosion, and the international approach towards taxation of the permanent representation of a foreign company as an independent participant of the market relations. Analysis is conducted on the need for amending the Model Agreement of the Russian Federation of 02.24.2010 No. 84 “On conclusion of intergovernmental agreements on avoidance of double taxation and on prevention of tax evasion on the income and property”. The author traces the transformation of attitude of international tax organizations towards the concept of permanent representation and substantiation of their choice of the concept of taxation of a permanent representation as an independent taxpayer. The scientific novelty is proven by the facts of application of this concept of taxation of permanent representation in the national legislation of multiple countries, international agreements on avoidance of double taxation, Russian national tax legislation and arbitration practice. The main conclusion consists in the response to the selected by the international tax organizations concept of taxation of a permanent representation. The author offers to amend the Model Agreement of the Russian Federation of 02.24.2010 No. 84 “On conclusion of intergovernmental agreements on avoidance of double taxation and on prevention of tax evasion on the income and property”.
Illegal income as an object of taxation in law of the Russian Federation and the United States
Authors: Bratko Tatiana Dmitrievna
Published: July 2021

One of the perpetual problems within the Russian and U.S. tax law is the establishment of criteria for taxability of income, under what conditions the income of a taxpayer should be taxable. The fact   the legislation nor the rulings of supreme courts contain a clear answer to this question, leads to the emergence of legal uncertainty on the tax consequences of receiving illegal income. The goal of this research lies in examination of problem of taxation of illegal income, including the questions of bringing to tax and criminal liability for tax evasion on illegal income, as well as in substantiation of a new solution to this problem. For achieving this goal, the author analyzes the Russian and U. S. case law on taxation of criminal and other illegal income. Although such practice is not always consistent, the merit of the court includes the development of classical theory of the object of income taxation. Namely, the Supreme Court of the United States formulated the well-known concept of taxable income and the rule on “right of claim”. The author believes that the grounds for distinguishing between taxable and non-taxable income is the criterion of economic benefit. The strict application of such criterion for the assessment of tax consequences from receiving illegal income led the author to a conclusion that contradicts the interpretations of the Russian and U. S. courts: only the economic benefit from the free use of the property, rather than the overall value of such property,  should be recognized as the object of taxation should be recognized. The concept proposed by the author can be used in the practice of tax and judicial authorities for ensuring subjective rights and legitimate interests of taxpayers.
Challenges and prospects the global IT-industry in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sinitsa Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2021

The goal of this research analyze consists in the analysis of major challenges faced by the global IT-industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as additional prospects for strategic development that emerged in this sphere. The subject of this article global IT-industry and its development in the course of 2020. Based on examination of expert opinions and data of sociological surveys conducted by foreign specialists, the author determines the issues faced by IT-industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention is given to the prospects for the development of IT-industry that opened as a resut of the coronavirus pandemic. The conclusion is made that the pandemic had severely disrupted the supply chains and manufacturing of high-tech products, as well as reduced or canceled multiple international events intended sharing experience between the IT specialists. The additional opportunities that opened for the market IT-solutions in the course of the pandemic include the increased demand for implementation of 5G technologies, virtual reality, and “smart city”. These technologies feature a prospect for the strategic development, which boosts investments in this field of IT-industry in the conditions of extended lockdown in many countries, as well as post-crisis period.
Artistic comprehension of life and creative path of Abusufyan Akayev in the works of Kumyk writers (based on the analysis of the poem “Flame” by Badrutdin Magomedov)
Authors: Sultanmuradov Agaragim Magomedovich , Isaeva Kamilla Bairamalievna
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the artistic comprehension of life and creative path of A. Akayev in the works of Kumyk writers. The object of this research is the poem “Flame” by the prominent Kumyk poet B. Magomedov. The author explores the place and role of A. Akayev in the history of spiritual culture of the Kumyk people and other peoples of Dagestan; evolution of the traditions of artistic comprehension of life and creative path of the outstanding Kumyk writers (including Abusufyan) in the history of Kumyk literature; and the deleterious influence of the consequences of Stalin's repressions on the spiritual life of the people later on. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the problematic and literary peculiarities of the poem. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the history of Kumyk literature features such figures, whose life and creative path have become the object of not only literary studies, but also the object of their artistic comprehension; 2) over a dozen Kumyk authors dedicated their works to the artistic comprehension life and creative path of A. Akayev, among which B. Magomedov’s poem “Flame” holds a special place.. The author’s contribution to this research consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of one of the best in ideological and artistic aspect compositions of Kumyk literature of the post-Soviet period. The novelty is defined by the fact that this problem has not previously become the subject of special research.
Syntagmatic relations as a means of representation of the semantic scope of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s –1960s
Authors: Kulicheva Evgeniya Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the units of predicate lexis with regards to the terms male teacher / female teacher in the texts of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960s. The goal is to determine the role of syntagmatic relations of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the indicated period. The article explores the lexicographic data, semantics of adjectives, participles and verbs for the terms male teacher / female teacher, adjectives, participles, verbs as a means of characterization in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960s. The article employs the methods of linguistic observation, description, statistical calculation, and the elements of component analysis. It is established that the important role in literary space, the writer assigns to adjectives (less often to participles) and verbs, which express the author's intention manifested in the pragmatic potential of the terms male teacher / female teacher. The adjectives and participles as a means of predication compile a generalized “portrait” of the teacher, implicitly translating the message of F. A. Vigdorova on professionalism, duty, and responsibility of the teacher before children, nation, and the country. The verbs represent the multifaceted activity of the teacher, engagement in all spheres of life, aspiration to create. Adjectives, participles, and verbs as a means of characterization of agentives male teacher / female teacher reveal the author’s perspective upon the problems of education and upbringing, indicating the special role of the teacher in life of an individual and personal growth. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of syntagmatic relations of agentives male teacher / female teacher in the prose of F. A. Vigdorova of the 1950s – 1960ws. The acquired results can be used in preparation of lectures, practical classes on linguistic semantics, linguoculturology, as well as literary language in the higher education institutions.
On the specificity of the worldview of Erzya and Moksha matrimonial myths
Authors: Sharonova Elena , Sharonov Aleksandr Markovich
Published: July 2021

Mythology is the form of consciousness of the primitive and early class society, which reproduces the views of a human on cosmos, God, and society. The object of this research is Erzya and Moksha myths on matrimonial relations. The subject of this research is the specificity of the worldview of Erzya and Moksha myths founded on the matrimonial relations. Detailed analysis is conducted on the specificity of reflection of philosophical and sociological motifs in the Erzya and Moksha matrimonial myths that emerged in the context of formation of the patriarchal family based on the social, moral and legal norms of existence. The author also explores the uniqueness of matrimonial relations with deities and people. Which gives a conceptual perspective on the type and character of the ethnic family, and the role of family in human life. The conclusion is made that stating a family by deities and people is a continuation of creation of the world in the sphere of family and social life. The author’s special contribution to this research consists in the proof that the presence of the indicated aspect in the myth is the reflection of the naive idealistic ideas and spontaneous materialistic views; substantiation of the high humanistic status of a woman in family life; designation of the heroic traits given to a woman by birth as fundamental; comprehension of matrimonial relations between deities and people through the prism of co-creation. This article is first to analyze the peculiarities of the worldview of matrimonial myths and introducing it into the scientific context, which defines its novelty.
Control of DNA polymerase gp5 chain substitution by DNA double strand annealing pressure
Authors: Jia Qi , Fan Qin-Kai , Hou Wen-Qing , Yang Chen-Guang , Wang Li-Bang , Wang Hao , Xu Chun-Hua , Li Ming , Lu Ying ,   Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: July 2021

DNA polymerase is essential for DNA replication and repair. As it only performs the 5′-3′ polymerization, there are two kinds of DNA replication. One of them is called strand-displacement synthesis: DNA polymerase opens the double-strand (ds) DNA to attain the 3′-5′strand (leading strand) and copy this template in a continuous way, and the other is extension synthesis: DNA polymerase copies the newly separated 5′-3′ strand (lagging strand) in a discontinuous manner. The replication complex of T7 phage is an optimal model to investigate the mechanism of replication because it is only constituted by 4 terms of protein which are DNA helicase gp4, DNA polymerase gp5 with co-factor thioredoxin (Trx), and single-strand (ss) DNA-binding protein gp2.5. The replication complex of T7 encounters both strand-displacement synthesis and extension synthesis. Previous researches reported that gp5 can have rapid extension synthesis but lacks the ability to attain strand-displacement synthesis. It also reported that gp4 translocates on ssDNA at a rapid speed but unwinds dsDNA at a very low speed. However, gp5 and gp4 together can attain rapid and processive strand-displacement synthesis. Although extensively studied, this mechanism remains unclear. Here in this work, the dynamic of strand-displacement synthesis by gp5 is investigated with single-molecule Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (smFRET). It is found that gp5, without the help of external tension, can open dsDNA but only attain strand-displacement synthesis about 4 base pairs (bp), because its exonuclease activity excises the nascent nucleotides. Therefore gp5 repeats in the synthesis-excision cycle which results in the less production of strand-displacement synthesis. We conduct another control experiment by nano-tensioner, a high precision smFRET setup which can exert a tension on dsDNA, to change the dsDNA regression pressure on gp5. It is observed that reduced dsDNA regression pressure can increase the length of strand-displacement synthesis and reduce the length of excision which indicates that the dsDNA regression pressure can regulate the strand-displacement synthesis of gp5. The further experiment shows that after gp5 and gp4 are assembled into a replisome, it can have a processive strand-displacement synthesis and barely any excision presented. The speed of replisome is a little higher than gp5 alone but much higher than gp4 alone. Additionally, the length of strand-displacement synthesis by replisome is much longer than gp5 alone. Therefore it is indicated that the gp4 can reduce dsDNA regression pressure to enables gp5 to attain processive strand-displacement synthesis. On the other hand, the gp5 facilitates gp4 to unwind the dsDNA.
Reporting Risk of Malignancy in Salivary Gland Cytopathology and Histopathology: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Meenai Farah Jalaly , Durrani Naila , Siddique Swalaha Sadaf , Ali Manal Ashraf , Singh Madhurima
Published: July 2021

Introduction: For preoperative evaluation of patient with salivary gland lesion Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an effective technique, but due to lack of uniform system for reporting and also because of morphological heterogeneity and overlap between different lesions there are limitations, in its use. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced which divides salivary gland lesions into six categories, guides in diagnosis and further management of Risk Of Malignancy (ROM) in different categories. Aim: The aim of the study was to classify salivary gland lesions according to MSRSGC and also evaluate for ROM in each category. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study looking at the data over a period of 3 years (2017 Jan to Dec 2019) in the Department of Pathology Chirayu Medical College and Hospital Bhopal. In this study salivary gland FNAC cases were categorised according to Milan System on cytopathology. Results: A total of 63 cases of salivary gland system FNAC were evaluated on cytology and classified according to MILAN system. Histopathological follow-up (correlation) was available in 47 cases. The risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories was calculated. Category I Nondiagnostic constituted 25%, Category II Non-neoplastic comprised 0%, Category III Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS) showed 50% Category IV: (a) Benign showed 5.0% IV; (b) Salivary gland neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential (SUMP) comprised 100%, Category V Suspicious for Malignancy (SM) comprised 100% and Category VI Malignant constituted 90%. Conclusion: MSRSGC is an evidence based effective system for salivary gland FNAC. It provides better communication with clinicians and improves over all patient care.
Aluminium Induced Neurodegeneration in Rat Cerebrum in Presence of Ethanol Co-exposure
Authors: Ghosh Buddhadeb , Yadav Suman , Sharma Ravi Kant
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Aluminium (AL) exposure leads to neurotoxicity and many problems in the body. AL role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is unknown and controversial to the scientists. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) provisional tolerable weekly intake of AL is 2 mg/kg body weight. Moderate intake of alcohol may favour body in coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus, etc. Aluminium being cheaper along with increased consumption of alcohol, mixed with each other may induce neurotoxicity. Aim: The study was designed to identify the effects of AL in cerebrum of rats in presence of ethanol co-exposure. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out at Dr. RP Government Medical College, Kangra and Government Medical College, Amritsar, India after due approval from the Institute Animal Ethics Committee. Thirty-two wistar rats were divided into one vehicle control and three experimental groups. Group I received the normal saline water as vehicle control group. Group II received AL chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight as experimental group. Group III received ethanol 1 gm/kg body weight as experimental group. Group IV received both AL chloride 4.2 mg/kg body weight and ethanol 1 gm/kg body weight as experimental group. After treatment, brain cortex was processed for histopathological observation under microscope. Results: Cerebral cortex showed normal architecture of the brain with haematoxylin and eosin staining and cresyl violet staining and modified Bielchowsky silver staining in low and high magnification in vehicle control group. Experimental group treated with AL and ethanol separately showed reduction in the count of pyramidal cells with moderate neuronal degeneration with pyknotic nuclei. Vacuolar changes and pericellular spaces around the necrotic neurons were also seen. Combined AL and ethanol treated group showed acute neurodegeneration and necrosis of cortex indicating chromatolysis and loss of substances and Neurofibrillary Tangle (NFT) and plaque. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the ethanol induced the effects of AL on the cerebrum and plays a significant role in AD pathogenesis.
Overexpression of Stathmin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, its Association with Histomorphological Features and Pathological Staging
Authors: Barma Nabanita , Barui Gopinath , Chowdhury Anadi Roy
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Stathmin, one of the most important intracellular phosphoprotein that plays the vital role in the regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation. It acts by disassembly of Microtubules (MT) that helps in the formation of mitotic spindle. It is overexpressed in various human cancers. Aim: To investigate the expression status of stathmin and its relation with clinicopathologic significance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and its association with age, sex, tobacco chewing, histomorphological features and pathological staging. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and observational study in cross-sectional design was conducted in a tertiary care centre of Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2020 to March 2020 in the Department of Pathology of RG Kar Medical College and Hospital in collaboration with Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology of the same institute. Stathmin expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 28 OSCC cases. The association between stathmin expression and clinicopathological parameters like age, sex, tobacco chewing, tumour site, histomorphological type, Tumor Nodes Metastases (TNM) stage and Worst Pattern Of Invasion (WPOI) were evaluated on the basis of Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test (software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V 25.0). Results: Stathmin was overexpressed in 18 cases out of 28 cases of OSCC. In this study a positive association was observed between stathmin expression and age group, history of tobacco chewing, advanced T stage, advanced pTNM staging and WPOI of OSCC. Conclusion: The study suggests that overexpression of stathmin could contribute to cancer progression. There is a higher likelihood that stathmin may be used as a potential biomarker as well as therapeutic target for OSCC.
Concordance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology with Transbronchial Lung Biopsies in Non-neoplastic Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Jayaraj Nischita , Venkatesh Kusuma
Published: July 2021

Introduction: In many pulmonary diseases, despite radiological & clinical investigations, laboratory tests and function studies, the diagnosis becomes difficult. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is a minimally invasive method in which cells are collected from bronchial and alveolar spaces for cytology. This is facilitated by using a flexible bronchoscope with which a biopsy is taken following BAL. Bronchoscopy with BAL when used appropriately can offer correct diagnosis which in turn aids in proper management of the patient. Aim: To find the concordance of BAL findings with the histopathological features of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB) in non-neoplastic lung diseases. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 40 patients presenting with clinico-radiological findings, suggesting a non-neoplastic lung disease in the year 2019, undergoing bronchoscopy with BAL and concurrent TBLB were chosen. The BAL fluid was processed and differential count of cells was done to classify according to the American Thoracic Society Guidelines. Concordance was checked between the diagnoses made on TBLB and BAL analysis. Results: In the present study, a total of 40 cases were included of which 13 (32.5%) cases showed neutrophilic, 16 (40%) cases showed lymphocytic, 5 (12.5%) cases showed eosinophilic and 6 (15%) cases showed normal cellular distribution on BAL cytology. Diagnoses on studying TBLB included nine cases of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, seven cases of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, six cases of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organising Pneumonia, three cases of Bronchiolitis, two cases each of pulmonary tuberculosis and granulomatous inflammation. There was one case each of actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, lung abscess and mucor mycosis. Normal histology was noted in seven cases. The sensitivity of BAL fluid analysis was found to be 84.84% and the concordance was 80%. The Kappa value obtained was 0.71 indicating good agreement/concordance between BAL cytology and TBLB. Conclusion: The data from the current study suggest that differential cell counts in BAL provide diagnostic information of fundamental importance in frequently occurring non-neoplastic lung diseases in the community.
Myelomatous Pleural Effusion in a Relapse Plasmablastic Myeloma
Authors: Tripathi Prachi , Tripathi Amit , Shukla Nidhi , Srivastava Raj Narain
Published: July 2021

Multiple myeloma is characterised by malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow with rare involvement of peripheral blood (plasma cell leukaemia). Sometimes tissue involvement (plasmacytoma) is also seen. However, pleural effusion is very rare in myeloma patients. Pleural effusion in myeloma is usually secondary and reactive in nature. Malignant Myelomatous Pleural Effusion (MPE) is usually associated with poor prognosis. Hereby, the author report a case of a 46-year-old male who presented with groin pain with ureteric calculus. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma with 42% plasma cells in the marrow. On treatment, patient went into remission, however he relapsed twice. On second relapse, the marrow examination showed plasma cells with plasmablastic morphology (24%). Plasmablastic morphology is associated with poor prognosis. The patient also developed pleural effusion. The cytospin smears of the pleural fluid showed clusters of atypical plasma cells (positive for CD38, CD138 and kappa light chain restriction). Thus, the present case report an extremely rare presentation of multiple myeloma with plasmablastic morphology and MPE.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Surface Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma and its Association with Serum CA-125 Levels: A Cohort Study
Authors: Singla Nisha , Nibhoria Sarita , Tiwana Kanwardeep Kaur , Gupta Prince
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs and endocrine glands. Ovarian carcinoma has often been called as the silent killer because the symptoms may develop so late that the chances of cure are very poor. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) ovarian tumours are classified based upon their most probable tissue of origin: surface epithelial (65%), germ cell (15%), sex cord-stromal (10%), metastases (5%) and miscellaneous. The malignant surface epithelial tumours are further classified by cell type into serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, brenner, seromucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. The most widely used tumour marker in ovarian carcinoma is CA-125 which is considered as gold standard. Aim : To find the utility of serum CA-125 levels in histopathological variants of malignant surface epithelial tumours, degree of differentiation and their distribution according to clinical data pertaining to age, parity, history of use of oral contraceptive pills/ovulation inducing drugs and family history of carcinoma ovary/breast or colon. Materials and Methods: A prospective study (cohort study) was done at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot over a period of 1.5 year (April 2017-oct 2018) on 50 ovarian masses which were diagnosed as ovarian carcinoma. Data was represented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and as means and standard deviations for continuous variables. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 20.0.0. Results: Serous carcinoma (80%) topped among all the histological variants. Serous high grade carcinoma was more common than serous low grade carcinoma. Maximum rise of serum CA-125 levels were seen in serous carcinoma. Among serous carcinomas, mean serum CA-125 levels were more in high grade serous carcinoma than low grade serous carcinoma and the results were statistically significant. conclusion: Serum CA-125 level is a great tool for diagnosis, follow-up and prognosis of ovarian carcinomas.
Comparison of Staining Characteristics of Papanicolaou Stain and May-Grünwald-Giemsa Stain in Tzanck Smear Cytology
Authors: Kumarguru BN , Shruthi HN , Ramaswamy AS , Kumar V Shiva
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Although the skin is more readily accessible to the cytological examination than any other organ, cytodiagnosis is much less frequently used in dermatology. Tzanck smears are routinely stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain. But, Papanicolaou (PAP) stain is known to yield polychromatic transparent staining with crisp nuclear and cytoplasmic features. Aim: To compare the staining characteristics of PAP stained and MGG stained Tzanck smears by using a scoring system. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross- sectional study on Tzanck smears, conducted at a tertiary care referral Institute, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (PESIMSR), Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from March 2016 to April 2017. In each case, two Tzanck smears were prepared. One smear was wet-fixed in isoproplyl alcohol and stained by PAP method. The other smear was air-dried and stained by MGG stain. Both the smears were evaluated for the staining characteristics by using a scoring system. The scoring system was indigenously designed for evaluating the stained sections. All the staining parameters such as contrast, cytoplasmic features, nuclear features and background were evaluated in the scoring system employed in the present study. Chi-square test and two sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Forty cases of Tzanck smears were analysed. Most common diagnostic entity was cutaneous infections in 18 cases (45%). The average scores of all the parameters of staining characteristics and the overall score were better in PAP stained smears than MGG stained smears. The p-values were statistically significant. Conclusion: PAP stain may be considered as a behooveful stain for the evaluation of Tzanck smear. It may be suggested that, although the PAP stained smears scored better than MGG statistically, both the stains may be used as complementary to each other.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Unmasked by COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Bhumika , Singh Gyanendra , Gupta Vivek , Kalonia Tushar , Kalhan Shivani
Published: July 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS Cov-2 is an Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus which spreads through respiratory route. It was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it as worldwide pandemic in March 2020. Clinically, it can present from mild flu like disease to severe respiratory illness. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the method for confirmation. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a lymphoproliferative disorder that presents as absolute lymphocytosis with proliferation of monoclonal mature B lymphocytes, unlike other causes of reactive lymphocytosis. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia often have defects in humoral and cellular immune system. Therefore, these patients have strong predisposition to recurrent infections and in this case for COVID-19. The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukaemic and COVID-19 is not very clearly understood. A 77-year-old male with no significant co-morbidities presented with cough, fever and shortness of breath. His High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest revealed non-specific interstitial pneumonia and was tested positive for COVID-19 infection on RT-PCR. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) showed a high Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) with absolute lymphocytosis. There was absence of lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly. Flow cytometry confirmed the diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. He was offered convalescent plasma therapy and later had to be incubated because of multiorgan failure. His Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC) more than doubled in a week’s time. COVID-19 infection usually presents with lymphopenia, lymphocytosis should always raise a suspicion of underlying haematological malignancy or secondary infection.
Leiomyoma of the Breast- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Philipose Thoppil Reba , Vishwanath Meghashree , Mulki Siddharth , Ilanthodi Sandhya
Published: July 2021

Leiomyoma though a common entity encountered in our daily practise, its occurrence in breast is extremely uncommon. There are a very few reported cases of leiomyomas occurring in breast parenchyma. This tumour clinically simulate commonly occurring tumours of breast. This case report is of such a case of a mesenchymal neoplasm occurring in breast of a woman of child bearing age. The histopathological diagnosis requires careful differentiation from lesions that have smooth muscle proliferation, especially leiomyosarcoma. The most commonly performed treatment is resection of the lesion with free margins. Although breast leiomyoma is rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses for breast nodules of benign appearance.
Monoblastic Sarcoma- A Rare Case Report of Myeloid Sarcoma Variant
Authors: Kaushik Nupur , Kumar Lalit , Agarwal Pooja , Kumar Harendra , Sharma Brijesh
Published: July 2021

Myeloid sarcoma, also known as chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), myeloblastoma or extramedullary myeloid tumour, is a rare manifestation, characterised by the proliferation of immature myeloid cells, myeloblasts or monoblasts occurring as one or more tumour at an extramedullary site. It is associated with disruption of normal architecture of tissue in which it is found. Monoblastic sarcoma is a rare variant of myeloid sarcoma. Hereby, the authors report a rare case of primary monoblastic sarcoma in a 64-year-old male patient presented with complaint of swelling over right side lower cervical region. He had no history of AML. On physical examination, the swelling was over medial one-third of right clavicle measuring 6×5.8×3 cm. The swelling was excised and sent for histopathological examination, which was diagnosed as monoblastic sarcoma, and confirmed on immunohistochemistry.
A Case of Large Bowel Obstruction- An Unusual Cause in a Middle Aged Female
Authors: Hota Subhransu Kumar , Mohapatra Vedavyas , Sahu Nageswar , Misra Pranati , Senapati Urmila
Published: July 2021

Endometriosis is a disease seen among women in reproductive age group. It is characterised by deposition of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It commonly involves the pelvic organs like ovary, fallopian tube and pelvic ligaments. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract by endometriosis is uncommon and the incidence varies widely among different studies. Colonic endometriosis can be confused as malignancy both clinically and radiologically. In these instances, histopathology is essential for a correct diagnosis. Here, the authors report a case of colonic endometriosis presenting with features of large bowel obstruction in a 49-year-old female with previous history of laparoscopic hysterectomy. Radiological scanning of abdomen and colonoscopic examination were suspicious of sigmoid malignancy. Although colonic biopsy was inconclusive and tumour markers were normal, she underwent sigmoidectomy with lymphnode clearance as per oncological principles with primary anastomosis. Her final histopathological examination revealed features of colonic endometriosis without any evidence of malignancy. Detailed evaluation of the patient didn’t reveal endometriosis at any other site. Patient was discharged after full surgical recovery and was doing well till the last follow-up.
Factors Affecting the Consumer's Branded Tea Purchase Decision: A Case Study in the Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Bandara A. M. K. R. , Gayathri H. M. M. , Lankapura A. I. Y.
Published: July 2021

Aims: The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing on consumers' purchasing decisions for branded tea in Sri Lanka. This study investigated the relationship between the factors influencing a consumer's purchase decision on branded tea and the consumer's loyalty behavior. The study concentrated primarily on the socioeconomic factors that influence consumer brand loyalty for tea.

Study Design: Multi-stage quota sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Western province, the most densely populated province, and the main administrative and commercial center of Sri Lanka in 2016 - 2017.

Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data were mainly collected from a survey using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Descriptive analytical techniques, factor analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using both SPSS and SAS software.

Results: According to the factor analysis, three main factors were recognized, such as product, marketing, and lifestyle. The product factor contributes 31 percent to the total variation that implies the prominence of product-oriented variables over the other variables considered. Among the related variables of the product, the highest factor loading (0,963) was received by the taste of the product, while the price (0,946) was the next. The results of the binary logistic regression revealed that both the level of education (ED) and the level of income (IL) had a significant impact on tea brand loyalty.

Conclusion: The study concludes that both income and education have a significant impact on brand loyalty for tea, while product, marketing, and life-style attributes are the main factors influencing the purchase decision of the branded tea by the consumer. As product-related attributes contribute more to the purchase decision of branded tea, firms can increase their market share by planning their marketing strategies, focusing mainly on product-related aspects.
A Review: Methods of Smoking for the Quality of Smoked Fish
Authors: Andhikawati Aulia , Pratiwi Dian Yuni
Published: July 2021

Fish that have been caught are susceptible to decay and damage which are influenced by the level of acidity, weather, processing and storage methods, and temperature during transportation. This causes losses to the fishery business. One way that can be used to reduce the damage and spoilage of fish is through smoking. The purpose of this review article is to describe various methods of fish smoking, the chemical composition of smoked fish, and the number of microbes present in smoked fish. Smoked fish still contains nutrients such as protein, lipids, fiber, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. The growth of microbes, especially those that are pathogenic, is inhibited and even some microbes cannot grow so that smoked fish is still good for human consumption. The microbes that cannot grow include Vibrio spp, yeast, mold, and Salmonella sp. Hot smoking method uses a temperature of 30-90oC, while cold smoking uses a temperature of 30-40oC. The chemical composition contained in smoked fish such as water content, protein, ash content, crude fiber, amino acids, biogenic amines, minerals and phenols. While the microbiological content of smoked fish with hot and cold smoking methods has a TPC value according to smoked fish standards and is free from pathogenic microbes, fungi, yeast and molds.
Studies on Genetic Diversity in Desi Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) using D2 Statistics
Authors: Reddy Jakkam Mahipal , Lal Gabrial M. , Reddy Velugoti Priyanka , Pattanayak Subhadra , Guptha V. Rohith , Sagar C. Kalyan , Brahmanjaneyulu P. Venkata Bala
Published: July 2021

A trail was conducted during rabi 2020 to study genetic diversity among 36 favorable genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with help of Mahalanobis D2 statistics. On the basis of D2 values, 36 genotypes were arranged into 5 clusters. The intra cluster distances were lower than inter-cluster distances, specifying that genotypes comprised within a cluster shows tendency to vary less apart from each other. Out of thirteen characteristics considered, secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index and plant height, contributed very much in relation to genetic divergence. Wide range of variability was noticed for quantitative traits. This suggested that the selection based on these characteristics would be valuable in improving the grain yield. Therefore, a direct selection based on seed yield and component traits may be practiced to choose superior genotypes which could be utilized in breeding program for the development of high yielding chickpea genotypes.