bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction the traffic congestion-induced vehicle emission by construction new road: Case Study in Baghdad City
Authors: Attab Farah Salah , Banyhussan Qais Sahib
Published: March 2020

Numerous regions in the city of Baghdad experience the congestion and traffic problems. The study area is located at Karkh side in Baghdad City. The geographical area situated among several streets; 14th July Street (section in Ring road No. 1), Demishq Street, Mansure Street and 14th Ramadan Street. The main intersections in these streets are; Shaljya Intersection, Demishq Intersection, Dilal Intersection, Gailani intersection, and Topji Intersection. The proposed road starts from the Gailani intersection and jointed with 14th July Street (Ring road No. 1) with length (1.9 Km). The study area is facing a low level of service during traffic congestion resulting from an inefficient and poor road network. The main purpose is to study constructing a new road to reduce the environmental and congestion impacts on the transportation system at selected roads. The percentages of expected generated traffic that will be serviced in the suggested rout are 23% and 52 % from the peak hourly volume counting in location 1 (Shaljya Intersection). On the other hand, at location 2 (Demishq Intersection), the percentages of generated traffic transported to the suggested rout are 22% and 23%. By using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), the required lanes for the suggested road are 3 lanes for each direction. According to findings, construction of the suggested road is important to improve the road network in term the traffic and reduction the vehicle emissions at present routs.
Water Supply System Assessment in Urban Areas Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of Baghdad City
Authors: Hasan Raed Razzaq , Alwan Kareem Hassan , Mohammed Hussein Darweesh
Published: March 2020

This study shows, how to linked GPS, RS, LiDAR and GIS mapping facilities of urban distribute network, positioning of the water projects and the storage water reservoirs for the water supply systems, with consideration of the earth’s surface properties, land-use change and ownership. Moreover, the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) with Remote Sensing imagery in surveying, modernizing and developing Baghdad city complex water supply network is discussed. The data of land-use and current water supply system was generated using the Quick Bird Satellite Image (0.6m resolution data, 2015) with a map of the city of Baghdad at scale 1:25000 and field update survey. The necessary water supply system maps and data were collected from the Mayoralty of Baghdad (MoB). The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the contour map were generated from the LiDAR point cloud. All these techniques and geospatial data were mapped and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.2.2 software. The outputs of the study were the water distribution network with the position of projects, reservoirs, pipelines, etc. The interpretation of the geospatial database with analytical tools allowed the water distribution network to be planned more economically and effectively.
Identify the main factors affecting labor productivity within different organizational structures in the Iraqi construction sector
Authors: Al-Rubaye Zahraa R A , Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof
Published: March 2020

The construction sector in Iraq has faced many challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of productivity of laborers who are working construction sites. Although research studies have been conducted to investigate, explore, and identify factors influencing labor productivity in the Middle-east region, the lack of such research studies to address these challenges in Iraq. This motivates the researcher to explore and identify the key factors affecting labor productivity in construction sites across different organizational structures (Matrix, Projectized, and functional). A survey questionnaire has been conducted using Delphi technique in order to achieve a concrete and reliable view of the major factors influencing labor productivity in Iraq. Twenty-four experts from different construction sectors have participated in Delphi rounds. In addition, a total of 110 factors affecting labor productivity is considered in this study. The main findings of this study show a correlation between some of the identified factors and characteristics of the organizational structures. The poor communication and management of the construction site, lack of communication and coordination between construction parties, size and arrangement of the construction crew, on-time payment, and motivational program factors were found to be highly correlated with the characteristics of the selected organizational structures. Also, the study shows that explosive remnants and dangerous construction sites due to terrorist attacks are very influential factors on labor productivity.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of high-strength concrete with sustainable materials
Authors: Ali Ahmed A Mohammed , Zidan Roua Suhail , Al-Eliwi Baraa J M
Published: March 2020

This research deals with green concrete which is defined as environmental-friendly material that contains the waste material, and its production does not cause environmental pollution. Also, it has high performance and life sustainability. In this investigation, the effect of the curing period on the properties of green concrete made with different percentages of fly ash and recycled coarse aggregate has been studied. Nine mixtures with varying percentages of replacement of fly ash (25% and 50%) and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) (25% and 50%) were prepared. In addition to the control mixture with 100% ordinary Portland cement and 100% normal coarse aggregate to compare the results. The standard concrete cylinders (150 x 300 mm) and cubes (150 x150 x150 mm) were prepared and tested at different ages (7, 14, 28, and 60 days) to get the compressive strength, splitting strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results showed that no noticeable effect on the cementing efficiency of fly ash if its replacement ratio has no more than 50% of cement, as well as, recycled coarse aggregate has no significant effect on concrete strengths when the replacement ratio of natural aggregate less than 50%.
Physical and mechanical properties of sawdust cement mortar treated with hypochlorite
Authors: Hassen Sawsan Abdullah , Hameed Sumeyah Assim
Published: March 2020

In this study properties of cement mortar containing sawdust have been studied. Different percentages of sawdust have been used as (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) of the total volume of dry contents. Sawdust used has been collected as a by-product of carpentry factories and has been used in three ways: first pure sawdust second treated with hypochlorite without washing and the third is treated with hypochlorite and washed with water and dried. Compressive strength test has been performed at 7 days and 28 days, while flexural strength, dry density and absorption have been performed at 28 days. The results showed an enhancement of compressive strength, decrease in dry density and absorption for the mortar containing treated and washed sawdust with the increase of sawdust content in the mixture.
The impact of urban planning on the sustainable development of archaeological sites studying the role of culture in the urban planning of Nasiriyah city and the archaeological site of Ur
Authors: Hussain Kamil Y , Al-timim Sophia R Ali
Published: March 2020

Cities have been at the center of initiatives to integrate culture into sustainable planning since the beginning of the new millennium. the culture, which is an invaluable tool, has been ignored in the three-pillar sustainability model. In recent years, the role of culture in sustainability or sustainable development has emerged and contexts and the rise of the “four pillars” model of sustainability in a number of countries. Paper seeks to integrate the concept of culture in the models of planning in general and urban planning in particular, which emerge as effective ways to move towards a society that embodies the values of its citizens and takes into account the cultural heritage of the region through the analysis of the urban planning project of the city of Nasiriyah as a city of culture and the impact of this planning on the site of the archaeological city of Ur in terms of sustainability and development. The main conclusion is the follow this type of planning knowledge and practice as being the most appropriate and effective for the planning process under the type of local authorities and democratic practices, i.e. dealing with the planning problem as a unique and special case to use it.
Seismic Performance of Composite Simply Supported Bridge Decks during Real Earthquake
Authors: Rubaee Sara k Al , Rahman Ammar A Abdul
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the overall response of traditional bridge decks in Iraq under real earthquake excitation already happened in the area. The bridge deck under investigation is of Al Bathah overpass expressway located in the south of Iraq at Al Nasiriya city. Al Bathah Bridge deck is a composite simply supported consist of seven built-up steel girders and reinforced concrete slab. Three-dimensional finite element models of composite simply supported bridge deck was created using CSI Bridge and ABAQUS software. Time history analysis conducted using the Halabja earthquake hit the Iraq-Iran border on 12 Nov. 2017. The finding of this study revealed that the typical bridge deck in Iraq will fail to withstand the transverse earthquake excitation under intensity already happened. The connection epoxy layers between the elastomeric bearing pads and girders will fail due to the excessive transverse displacement at bearings. Consequently, the girders slip from their position and the deck will fail.
The Connotation of Tectonics in Architectural Theory
Authors: Al-Alwan Hoda , Mahmood Yusur B
Published: March 2020

Tectonics is one of the most essential topics in architectural theory that refers to various qualities of architecture. It resembles the integration of structure and construction, the application of technical aspects, and the attention to detail creativity in a harmonious and systematic way that reflects the cultural and aesthetic qualities, and relates to different aspects of skills, methods, materials and proportions. With the introduction of the computer into the architectural design process, theories of architecture became more influenced by the possibilities of this tool. Classical tectonics had included digital aids to create a new version of tectonics known as Digital tectonics, which is an integrated process that resembles a new way of thinking about architecture to easily define the dynamic state of digital production. The paper aims to explore the connotation of tectonics (the classical and the digital) in architectural theory and its role as an art of construction and artistic design.
Assessment of surface urban heat island intensity and its causes in the city of Baghdad
Authors: Abdulateef Maryam F , Al-Alwan Hoda A S
Published: March 2020

Recently, the differences in land surface temperature (LST) between urban and rural areas became more evident causing the formation of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI). The research aims to investigate the current intensity of Baghdad SUHI and determines its growing state over time. It also aims to identify the causes of this phenomenon. To find out Baghdad SUHI, the maps of LST and land use classes were assessed. This assessment was conducted by using remote sensing techniques which include the processing of Landsat 8 images in GIS ArcMap. The satellite image was acquired in July 2018. LST map was obtained by processing thermal band 10, while the land use map was identified by using the maximum likelihood classification of optical bands 1-7 of the satellite image. The results show that the maximum LST difference between Baghdad soil and built-up areas and Baghdad vegetated and water areas was about 17C°. Compared with the results of previous studies, it was found that Baghdad SUHI had significantly increased over time. The research also identified SUHI causes which include the gradual loss of vegetated and water areas, the low albedo materials, the modern grid pattern and the increase of anthropogenic heat release.
Ecological urban space
Authors: Rahma Marwa Talib , Al-Neaimi Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed
Published: March 2020

Interventions in the urban environment at the local and global level, have led the urban designer to use ecological principles in urban space design and economy with resources and energies, to minimize the negative impact on the urban environment and to explore how the signature of the urban space elements should harmonized and formed, to suit the local character. The problem of the research is the lack of a clear perception of the common characteristics of the urban ecological environment. Thus, the goal of the research is to reveal the characteristics of urban ecological environments and ecological design principles, which gain it these qualities. Therefor there is an imposition of a number of ecological characteristics, necessary to achieve the ecological structure of the urban environment. So that the research methodology represented in, the theoretical presentation of the urban ecology concept and the extraction of the theoretical framework were at several levels. Which in turn contain a set of concepts and indicators related to urban ecological characteristics, on which the elected examples were measured and that led to reach the conclusions.
Crisis of Upgrading Poor Urban Environment;Urban Development Projects of Sustaining Communities Ecological urban space
Authors: Al-Neaimi Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed
Published: March 2020

A society in crisis presents both a challenge and an opportunity, that’s why the sustainability of communities finds itself today forced to represents an integral challenge to the economy, the institutions, and the values of its society. At the same time, it provides an opportunity for changing structures that no longer work particularly for the needs of the most excluded and poorest who are often marginalized. Another manifestation of crisis is the emergence of desolated urban built environment, a phenomenon linked to a breakdown in ingredients of life as well as rules of human, social behaviors. This research aims to clear out the causes of the Deterioration in the physical urban environment of the city, and present the experiment of the development of the City of Baghdad to some local communities as a way of achieving upgrading urban built environment to these local communities with a view to sustaining socially. In order to create sustaining communities, the solution lies in the uses of the participatory urban appraisal methodology, Finally, the research has attain conclusion that; Since urban development has always been a key aspect of local community cooperation to achieve Qualitative upgrading, the urban appraisal methodology for completion upgrading urban built environment for sustaining community should diagnose the variables of many aspects: political, economical, social, technological, and ecological and taking them into consideration in the development urban projects to show a model capable to repeat in futuristic projects.
Experimental Study of Hybrid Layer Effect for Prism under Bending, Shear and Torsion
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel
Published: March 2020

The composite concrete structure by adopting varied concrete characteristics that are systematized in the layered method, described (hybrid), the principal purpose for utilizing the hybrid mixture is to enhance the load-carrying function for the segment. Hybrid concrete sections maintain high compressive strength, ductile, high absorption energy and high tensile strength, these properties can be performed by installing two or more various types or strengths of mixture layers collectively so that every layer is employed to its best benefit. The results of (flexural, shear and torsion tests) on hybrid prism composed of two layers of different types of concrete are presented and discussed with the effect of different parameters and variables. Normal concrete layer combined with a layer of (high or ultra-high-strength concrete) with the effect of fiber. The purposes of the present investigation are: find the engineering properties of three concrete types, the effect of hybrid concrete with different concrete types at different layers of prisms with different parameters and variables tested under three types of testing (flexural, shear and torsion tests).
Improving the tensile strength and durability of asphalt concrete as sustainable surface layer
Authors: Kareem Yassir Nashaat A. , Al-jumaili Mohammed Abbas
Published: March 2020

The construction and maintenance processes of asphalt pavements require many raw materials, high financial cost, and high energy. The sustainability strategy in pavement construction is the use of recycled and waste materials due to significant savings in material, cost, and energy as well as improving the environment through solid waste disposal. The aim of this research is to study the effect of reusing the reclaimed asphalt pavement and crumb-rubber to improve the tensile strength and durability of asphalt mixture as a sustainable method which can be used in construction of surface layer. In this study one proportion of reclaimed asphalt pavement RAP (25%) was used by weight of mixture with virgin and modified asphalt binders. The modified asphalt binders were prepared in three proportions of crumb-rubber (5, 10, and 15%) % by weight of the virgin binder. Many experimental tests were conducted on the modified and recycled mixtures such as Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile strength and moisture damage induce. The results indicated that the adding of RAP material resulted in slightly improve in the strength and durability, while the adding of crumb-rubber as a modifier for asphalt binder with RAP material has given impressive results in improving the stability, tensile strength, and resistance to moisture damage.
Assessing the Efficiency of Sunscreens in University of Baghdad Campus
Authors: Al-Alwan Hoda A S
Published: March 2020

Sunscreens play an important role as exterior solar shading devices that block a certain amount of the sun radiation from entering the building. Thereby, they improve indoor environmental qualities by reducing heat gain, controlling glare and decreasing contrast ratios leading to increased human comfort, satisfaction and productivity. In University of Baghdad campus design, Gropius’s main aim was “Let climate control dominate the university architectural motif”. Sunscreens were thus essential features and functional both from the practical point of view to protect windows, and as a prominent design element of sculptural quality. The campus, over the past decades, was subjected to many changes and new buildings were added to the master plan. Sunscreens were imposed on the new buildings’ elevations as unifying design elements without considering the climatic and orientation aspects, causing excessive heat gain in interior spaces. The paper aims to explore and evaluate the efficiency of sunscreens in University of Baghdad campus, in both the original and new buildings, to determine the optimal building orientation and the effective sunscreen design that improves the passive energy performance of the buildings.
Evolution of the Urban Form of Historic Hit Citadel: Deriving a Schematic Model for Iraqi Fortified Cities
Authors: Mohammed Lina Raad , Alobaydi Dhirgham
Published: March 2020

Hit Citadel is a historic fortress that has witnessed a distinctive urban development. Like many old citadels in the Middle East, the basic features are included, but not limited to, a fort with an organic zigzag street network, a scattered distribution of open spaces, a compact built-up area, a recognized socio-commercial form, and a peripheral area of military and industrial uses. The evolution of these features was constant and survived largely intact until the early of the 20thcentury when modern planning practices were adopted in the site. The citadel form thus, has influenced by two types of urban growth: organic and planned. Taking this distinction as a start point, this paper investigates the development of Historic Hit Citadel and seeks to answer the question of;how this urban form was evolved. The main purpose of this paper is to derive a schematic model that represents the Iraqi fortresses. Morphological methods were used to study the patterns of growth formations and transformations. Results have shown that the deriving model is describing the character of Hit Citadel; however, further efforts need to be spent in effective comparisons with the other Iraqi fortresses for the sake of robust results and representativeness.
Nature and Causes of claims in Iraqi turnkey projects
Authors: Erzaij Kadhim Raheim
Published: March 2020

The construction projects are usually related to complexity, and great overlap between project activates. Many parties contribute to achieve the objectives, differences in objectives among stakeholders are the main cause for the emergence of claims that may lead to disputes. the issue of claims and disputes remains one of the most important factors that hinder the scheduling of construction projects. However, this paper presents an overview about the nature and causes of claims in addition to disputes resolution. four government institutions were investigated as a case study in construction projects and conflict resolution methods in Iraq. These institutions are Health, Education, Planning, and Local governments in the provinces. The statistical analysis was used as a tool in this study, the result showed that 88.57% of Iraqi construction projects suffer from time extension claims, and Public holidays and religious events was the common cause of emergence of claims.
A texture based descriptors used for real time tool condition monitoring
Authors: Antic A , Milosevic M , Cep R , Ungureanu N
Published: March 2020

Tool Condition Monitoring Systems (TCMs), in the task of tool wear recognition, are highly dependent on the choice of descriptors. It is very important to extract the appropriate marking that contains information on the tool wear condition from the sensor signal. We consider the portions of the Short-Term Discrete Furrier Transform (STDFT) spectrum obtained by speaking from a vibration signal sensor as a 2D textured image. This is achieved by setting the STDFT timeline as the first dimension and the frequency scales as the second dimension of the resulting textured image. We divide the resulting textured image into special particular patches of texture, focusing on a portion of the frequency range of interest. Applying the set filter bank, 2D textons are allocated for each predefined frequency band. From 2D textons, for each frequency band, we extract probability density function (PDF) data in the form of lower order statistical moments. The applied method gives robust descriptors of the Tool wear state.
Vibration analysis of Storz type firehose couplings
Authors: Babut C , Diciuc V
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effects of the vibrations in the Storz- type firehose couplings. The data processed using a Fast Fourier Transform analyser and a Constant Percentage Bandwidth filter of the vibrations recorded in several couplings are shown. The frequency spectrum analysis of the signals acquired using a “Machine Diagnostics Toolbox”, vibration measurement system, “Pulse”, type 3560, Brüel&Kjær Sound&Vibration. Measurement strongly indicates a connection with the vibration-induced, complex fretting process, that occurs in the stress-concentration areas, leads to the nucleation and growth of micro-cracks and ultimately to the fracturing of the couplings’ lugs.
Optimising Aluminium Structures Using the FEA Method
Authors: Cioban H
Published: March 2020

As a request of a partner and subject of a research contract, this paper intend to present different stages of studies regarding the behaviour of some Aluminium structures under different types of loads. Starting from existing examples, a company from aerospace industry intended to produce similar products but on a larger scale. On a virtual product created in a CAD environment and using a FEA method is possible to optimize aluminium structures and to apply the conclusions and results given by FEA reports to the real products. Tests made on manufactured structures validate the findings of these studies.
On jerk in the kinematic study of the rigid body
Authors: Craciun I , Ungureanu M
Published: March 2020

Jerk, as the derivative of acceleration, is used more and more in the kinematic study of the systems characterized by short travels and requiring a high precision of positioning, including elevators, CNC machine tools, and industrial robots. The acceleration modelling using jerk variation serve as a basis for generating the functioning tahogrames of the mechanical systems. Since peak values of jerk and acceleration are closely connected to safety and also to comfort in the mechanical systems where human presence is involved, a study concerning the positions of the systems where these values are reached will be performed in this paper. The position vector of the points where peak values of jerk are reached will be determined. Spatial motion as well as the particular motions of the rigid body (translation movement, rotation around a fixed axis, helical movement, the motion of planar mechanisms, spherical motion) will be considered. Since positioning is an important aim for the industrial robots, jerk variation in the various points of the robot’s parts may provide important information about peak values of acceleration, as well as about inertial forces involved in positioning. Also, jerk is currently used in speed modelling of elevators and robots, a study considering the positions corresponding to peak values of acceleration has not yet been performed.
Consideration about determination of vibro-acustic behaviour of the cycloid reducer
Authors: Dascalescu A , Suciu F
Published: March 2020

In order to achieve the favourable operating characteristics of the cycloidal reducer, it was conducted the necessary determination of the parameters which influence its vibro-acoustic behaviour and measurements of the vibrations of the cycloidal gears in initial stages of exploitation and after hours of exploitation. The conducted measurements presented in the paper allows to determine how the various deviations from the reference profile of the surfaces in contact cause different mechanical and acoustic vibrations, making possible assessments of the influence of deviations of the cycloid profile of the satellite wheels on the dynamic behaviour of the cycloidal reducers and the comparison of the results with the requirements of the standards in the field. In order to appreciate the effect of vibration on the mechanical system and the necessary measures for the attenuation of the phenomenon, the study is focus on the vibration content in frequency, which is done by the frequency analysis method.
Theoretical investigation of the tapered thread joint surface contact pressure in the dependence on the profile and the geometric parameters of the threading turning tool
Authors: Onysko O R , Kopey V B , Panchuk V G
Published: March 2020

The tapered screw joints are widely used in the formation of the drill string. They consist of two parts - a box and a pin. During the process of screwing box and a pin the contact pressure between their thread surfaces arises, the magnitude of which affects the intensity of wear on these surfaces. For the first time, the authors offer in this work to change the contact area of the thread face by the change in the shape of the cutting edge of the threading turning tool. Previously, in the works of these authors themselves, it was offered to change the shape of the cutting edge exclusively to increase the tightness of the joint. In other works, the justification for changing the geometric parameters of such cutters was offered in order to obtain the possibility of the thread manufacturing from materials with a strength limit of more than 1300 MPa. In this paper an analysis of the influence of the geometric parameters size of the cutter on the value of the contact pressure between the thread surfaces of the box and the pin is carried out. Among above geometric parameters the work height is the most important. As a result of theoretical studies, a certain functional dependence of the contact pressure in the tapered thread joint from the shape of the cutter edge and the magnitude of its work height is obtained.
The influence of the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack on the geometrical and functional parameters for the pinion and gear with asymmetric teeth
Authors: Suciu F
Published: March 2020

The paper presents some research on the design of the asymmetric gears, special gears with involute asymmetrical teeth. The aim of these researches is to establish the influence of the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack upon some geometrical and functional parameters of the gears. We have used, as design method, the direct gear design, followed by the gear rack design, considering that asymmetric gears are not conventional gears, so the design method it is not the standard one. The results that are presented was obtained by using a computer modelling program, for asymmetric gears, in MatLab, and for one can see the asymmetric gears and the zone of the tooth action, a computer program in AutoLISP is developed. Based on the computer applications developed for determinate the geometrical parameters and for representing the teeth and gears models, the asymmetric teeth pinion and gear can be manufactured. Between the design parameters established at starting the described process there are the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack.
Managing the suitability of cost calculation for manufacturing technology in the mechanical processing industry
Authors: Birle V
Published: March 2020

Maximizing returns and increasing efficiency in manufacturing can also be achieved by organizing, managing and controlling production costs. Moving from the independent approach of costing to a systemic approach, by considering dependence and conditioning correlations with manufacturing technologies means reconsidering the concept of cost management. Both subsystems involve specific and common instruments and procedures, which allows a conceptual summation leading to a new system of approaching the goal of higher resource utilization in economic processes. The adaptation of calculation methods to manufacturing technologies is circumscribed to managerial measures undertaken to increase efficiency and internal yields as fundamental objectives. Reorganizing the enterprise through segmentation into Responsibility Centres can provide viable solutions for achieving management goals. Segmenting the enterprise and implementing integrated procedures requires significant costs that can’t be borne by all businesses, especially small and mediumsized enterprises that are still in the early stages of development.

The proposed solution responds to the need of directing the activity through costs in SMEs in early developmental stages, which hold modest resources that do not allow the acquisition of integrated software. The application provides information with a high degree of utility, both in the pre-calculation and post-calculating phase, and has a high capacity to adapt to changes in technology. The results obtained from the analysis of the deviations require corrective or improvement operational measures, shortening the time gap between the moment of consumption and the corrections.
Experimental research based on statistical control, aimed to improve the quality of the parts obtained through machining, at some consumer goods
Authors: Dragan L
Published: March 2020

The paper aims to carry out experimental research meant to increase the quality of some mass-produced furniture items. In order for that to happen, a great number of size measurements have been done on beech and birch wood parts obtained through milling and drilling with numerically controlled machines. The experiment lasted for a week, with work being done in two shifts and with a volume of 300 parts per shift. The experimental database was then processed and interpreted in line with the statistical analysis methods. Finally, conclusions regarding the measures that need to be taken in order to assure an accurate adjustment of the machine as well and an optimisation of the production process were formulated.
Determination of the cutting parameters and forces for the rolling surfaces machining in the re-manufacturing of the wheelset wheels: some research and results
Authors: Ghionea A L , Ghionea I G
Published: March 2020

The paper presents theoretical and applicative aspects regarding the turning machining of the rolling surfaces of the wheelset wheels. The surface profile (generatrix) is defined by 9 areas of points whose coordinates are determined according to the UIC 510 relations. The directrix of the rolling surface must also meet the circularity precision requirements. For processing, it is used a specialized re-manufactured machine tool that has two working units. Each unit is provided with 2 axes numerically controlled. The cutting tools used for turning are based on catalogs, as recommended by the manufacturing companies. The authors present results and recommendations of the theoretical and experimental researches on the main parameters of the cutting process, requirements of conformity and of quality for the profile and the rolling surface. The cutting parameters and the number of passes are established in the possible range of speeds and feed rates provided by the kinematic and control structure of the lathe. The working parameters can be adjusted corresponding to the values of the cutting forces and torques. The data and results of the application of the machining process must meet the requirements regarding the dimensional and shape precision and roughness of the machined surfaces, but also those considering the dynamic behaviour of the machine during the processing of wheels, minimum costs, low energy consumption, optimum machining times. These are important for evaluating kinematic and dynamic precision, but also for different analysis simulations and CAD modelling.
Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Towards Industry 4.0 Concept
Authors: Milošević M , Lukić D , Đurđev M , Vukman J
Published: March 2020

Markets are nowadays oriented towards high quality products that are produced in small series production with fast delivery dates. Therefore, manufacturing companies are forced to adapt their production processes and make them more flexible and efficient. In that sense, this paper presents digital transformation of manufacturing as a concept of product innovations in which conventional methods and models are replaced by digital ones through all stages of product lifecycle. Digital transformation or digitalization of manufacturing refers to the interaction between physical and digital models within the production process. That is the crucial step towards the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept which is fully focused on the integration of manufacturing with information technologies and digital services.
Milling convex surfaces with toroidal cutting edge
Authors: Osan A R , Cosma M , Nasui V
Published: March 2020

The toroidal cutting edge, also called corner cutter, is a combination of the cylindrical-frontal milling cutter and the spherical head milling. The paper follows at generating the optimal trajectory for making the finished product with the toroidal cutting edge without having to use the flat end mill and the ball nose end mill. This trajectory is accomplished using a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) program that is generated on a 3D model. The proposed method was experimentally verified on a 3-axis numerical control centre, making a roughness comparison according to the climb milling or conventional milling.
Ontological Approach for the Conceptual Development of Products
Authors: Petrovan A , Banica M
Published: March 2020

In order to improve the structuring process of a product a company often refer to adopt different solutions for correlating the structure of the newly product and its components with other complementary factors. In essence, these factors target the market, suppliers, solutions of manufacturing, terms for delivery, price, quality, etc. All these factors must be taken into considerations in order to make an optimal decision during the conceptual or detailed design process. These factors are collected preliminary and introduced into the proposed ontology. Despite other approaches, the method proposed into this paper uses also some limitations to determine the right decision-making act even for unqualified people and some other knowledge’s incorporated into the ontology.
Experimental research methodology for physical distribution in bakery industry
Authors: Pop A D , Rus G , Drenta R F
Published: March 2020

The research done in the bakery industry worldwide and in special in the Romanian market had their goals on the production and technological process, focusing on the end result products. Bakery industry focused on profits changed and developed their products according to the market need and preferences and very few traditional businesses know how to make the profits continuing the distribution routes and using the old bread recipes. During this study we aim to go through an experimental process in order to observe the influence that different cost factors have on the end result such as performance and profits. A questionnaire was designed to answer questions regarding the existent technology in the bakery industry, transportation vehicles, clients, turnover, invoice overdue, and the structure of the production, costs with workers, transport, maintenance, marketing and raw materials. The questionnaire will be applied only in the North West area of Romania to all the bakery companies that have over 5 employees and deliver bread products to business customers using predefine routs. In a future stage, it would be of a great interest to apply a similar questionnaire in different parts of Europe for further studies in this industry, where management has a deficiency in scientific research and managers have to take decision based most of the time only on their own experience.
Aspects of the use solar energy valorification for industrial and public lighten area
Authors: Brezoczki V M , Filip G M
Published: March 2020

The paper presents a viable success alternative for solar energy valorification to generate electricity for industrial lighten system and city streets lighting system in Baia Sprie town. Electricity provided by solar power plants since 2016 and used for lighting the industrial area, urban parking, street lighting, partially replacing conventional energy. Within the Romanian Regional Sustainable Development Strategy there are several measures meant to obtain electricity from renewable energy sources which do not produce negative effects for the environment, which means that the expansion of the photovoltaic plant is desirable. In accordance with the Development Strategy of the town of Baia Sprie, the increase of the plant’s productions capacity through the extension of the plant surface for can be used by private consumers in different industries (woodworking, insulating windows, tinsmithing, conservation of forest fruits etc.).
Reactive Power Consumption Analysis of a Medium Sized Factory
Authors: Chiver O , Neamt L , Barz C , Pop E , Erdei Z
Published: March 2020

The paper achieves a study on the reactive power consumption in case of a medium sized factory. The factories as others industrial consumers usually have the power factor lower than the neutral one (in Romania was 0.92 and now is 0.9); that is why these types of consumers have to pay for reactive power. The reason for the power factor is small (sometimes much lower than the neutral) is not always just because of inductive receptors (as transformers, induction motors, induction furnaces, etc.) but also due to some technical-organizational issues. Many of these issues could have been avoided if more attention had been paid to the proposals made by the power installations designer in the design stage and it would not have been considered only the aspect of investment costs, which, though not decreased very much, provoke much more operating costs. This paper will emphasize these features that cause additional costs with reactive power for a medium sized factory who has more substations with two transformers in each of them. It also proposes, after an analysis of the current situation, technical-organizational solutions to minimize the reactive power consumption.
Analysis of the extrusion process parameters of high strength aluminium alloys used in the aerospace industry
Authors: Hotea V , Juhasz J
Published: March 2020

The paper approach some aspects of the most important parameters that influence the process of extrusion and the quality of material exiting from the die such as extrusion ratio, working temperature and speed of deformation. An important advantage gained by using extrusion of high strength aluminium alloys is that different microstructures may be obtained by varying process parameters, such that optimization of processing conditions leads to improved thermo-mechanical properties. Among the multiple process parameters in aluminium extrusion, the extrudate temperature is the most important because it determines the quality of the product and indicates the possibility of increasing extrusion speed.
Precessional gear-box research regarding vibration activity behaviour
Authors: Malcoci I , Trifan N , Ciobanu R
Published: March 2020

An ideal dynamic system in general and precessional transmissions in particular should not generate any vibration, because vibration is equal with loss of energy and bigger sound level emission. In our previously research we were focused on different vibro-acoustical aspects regarding kinematical and power precessional planetary gear-box when precessional reducer is minimal and maximal filled with cooling and lubrication liquid at different operational speed (power precessional transmission K-H-V Type) and vibro-acoustical behaviour for kinematical precessional transmission 2K-H Type. In this paper I will analyse vibration behaviour for power precessional gearbox 2K-H Type regarding vibrations that occurs at bearings and main shaft misalignment. Vibration research and analysis will be made using GUNT PT500 Machinery Diagnostic System. Data acquisition will be made using acceleration sensor type IMI603C01 for FFT analysis in GUNT PT500.04 software. Obtained results will be compared with German standard VDI-2058 “Limit value for vibration severity”.
Consideration of the actual stage of nanomaterials used in dentistry
Authors: Pop C M , Pop Vadean A , Tascu-Stavre I
Published: March 2020

The present paper is meant to be a short presentation of the actual stage of nanomaterials used in dentistry. It shows some theoretical consideration regarding characteristics of some nanomaterials used in dentistry. In recent years, increasing demands for dental reconstruction, have led to the development of new materials that have multiple applications in dental medicine and which must meet aesthetic requirements, biocompatibility requirements as well as hardness or durability. Surpassing the extraction period, dentistry has entered the “restorative era” in which it is desirable to introduce new materials that will lead to the most natural restorations with the physical and chemical closest properties to those of the dental tissues. The discovery of such materials has become a definite necessity in order to achieve consistent progress in this respect. Interest in using nanomaterials, composites with nanomaterials in restorative dentistry, as well as reconstruction, is constantly increasing. It is therefore important that the mechanical properties and not only, of these materials be carefully studied and especially improved
Aspects concerning the geometric elements of the rolling deformation area
Authors: Pop E , Juhasz J
Published: March 2020

The paper presents an experimental and practical study of aluminium strips lamination, calculating the conformations that define plastic deformation by lamination. A sample from aluminium alloy in the shape of a band was rolled and we calculated the logarithmic deformations in lamination. We started the lamination process from a semi-finished product, with a surface for the cross-section section (S0) and it was carried out in three drawings up to a final section (S3). The deformation assessment and measurement tool, the logarithmic degree of deformation gives the extent of the plastic deformation at each drawing, and the calculated total deformation degree is useful to quantify the deformation preformed for the entire lamination process over the three drawings. If analysed in this way, the plastic deformation process, the material undergoes a higher reduction at the last drawing and an ecruisation of the band at its margin also. The preliminary usage of the coefficients defining lamination has a particular importance for practical objectives, in the carrying out of another lamination process.
Power Saving Electrochemical Processing of Low Cost MnO2@Porous Al Electrode for High Performance Supercapacitors Applications
Authors: Moharam M. M. , Sanad Moustafa M.S. , El-Sayed E.M. , Ibrahim Mai.E.
Published: March 2020

The supercapactive properties for MnO2 coated on porous aluminum foil Al electrodes etched using various acidic baths and ethylene glycol (EG) as additive was studied. The optimum current densities for achieving high porous surface of Al foils using galvanostatic technique are 70 and 90 mA/cm2 in case of etching from acidic solution and when ethylene glycol is added respectively. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed to determine specific capacitance and cycle life of the MnO2@ porous Al foil and MnO2@porous Al-EG electrode using 0.5 M Na2SO4 as electrolyte. The cyclic voltammteric curves for the two electrodes reveal that psuedocapacitive behavior during oxidartion – reduction reaction with maximum specific capacity 221.5 F/g at scan rate 20 mV/s for MnO2@ porous Al electrode. Moreover, the galvanostatic charge–discharge tests for MnO2@porous Al electrode at current densities 0.5 and 1 A/g show good pseudocapacitive performance and cycle ability with nearly linear curves forming quite triangle shape. Also, The EIS curves for both electrodes elucidate that, the total impedance of MnO2@porous Al cell is smaller than that of MnO2@porous Al-EG cell, so, MnO2@porous Al electrode has a high ionic conductivity between active material and ionic species. In addition to, both electrodes posse’s quite similar capacitive retention about 75% after 1000 cycles and this reveals the good adhesion and less dissolution of MnO2 film.
Optimization of Spin Coated TiO2 Layer for Hole-Free Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Elshimy Hassan , Abdallah Tamer , Shama Ali Abou
Published: March 2020

The optimization of the TiO2 layer in free-hole perovskite solar cells is critical, as it strongly affects the device performance. In this study, simple FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/C solar cells were fabricated, via two-step dipping method, with different thickness of TiO2 layer. The structure and microstructure of the TiO2 layers were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The effect of different TiO2 thickness on the structure and photovoltaic performance of the fabricated devices were investigated using XRD and IV measurement, respectively. The photovoltaic parameters, including short-circuit-current (Jsc), open-circuit-voltage (Voc), Fill factor (F.F) and power conversion efficiency (PCE), were found to be strongly dependent on the thickness of TiO2 layer. The investigation showed that, efficient device can be fabricated by optimizing the TiO2 thickness, employing a thickness of 108 nm as an optimum thickness in this study.