bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National COVID-19 Vaccine Program and Parent’s Perception to Vaccinate Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-khlaiwi Thamir , Meo Sultan Ayoub , Almousa Hamad Abdulaziz , Almebki Abdulrahman Ahmed , Albawardy Mansour Khalid , Alshurafa Hassan Haider , Althunayan Meshal Abdulaziz , Alsayyari Mohammed Sulaiman
Published: January 2022

Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is an essential public health strategy in order to reach herd immunity and prevent illness among children and adults. Parents are facing tremendous stress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program for children. In this study, we aimed to investigate parents’ perceptions and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for their children in Saudi Arabia. A well-designed, pre-validated, Google questionnaire was distributed to parents through social media websites. The selection of the participants was based on the simple random sample technique. The study sample size was 1304 participants, with 342 males (26.2%), and 962 females (73.8%). The personal information, perception about COVID-19, and their children’s vaccination status were obtained. Among the participants, 602 (46.1%) were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccination for their children, whereas 382 (29.3%) were hesitant to inoculate their children for COVID-19 and 320 (24.4%) were unsure. Age (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.001), occupation (0.004), income (p = 0.030), and vaccination status (p = 0.001) had an influence on the parents’ acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of their children. On the other hand, education level, number of children, and having been previously infected with COVID-19 had no statistically significant effect on the parent acceptance. The correlation of parents’ knowledge about COVID-19 and their agreement to the vaccination of their children was statistically significant, along with gender (males were more knowledgeable, with p < 0.001), occupation, income (higher income showed a statistical difference, with p < 0.001), and vaccination status (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in parents’ acceptance toward the COVID-19 children vaccine in Saudi Arabia, which requires more attention and focus from health providers to eliminate fear and anxiety among the parents through additional educational programs and events to decrease the resistance toward the vaccination of children. More emphasis is required to increase the awareness of parents and convey the importance of the vaccine for children. In addition, more studies are needed to ensure the vaccine’s safety.
Clinical Profiles and CMR Findings of Young Adults and Pediatrics with Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series
Authors: Manfredi Roberto , Bianco Francesco , Bucciarelli Valentina , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Guerra Federico , Schicchi Nicolò , Tavio Marcello , Berton Emanuela , Surace Francesca Chiara , Colaneri Massimo , Gallina Sabina , Pozzi Marco
Published: January 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been recently associated with acute myocarditis, predominantly in healthy young males. Out of 231,989 vaccines administrated in our region (Marche, Italy), we report a case series of six healthy patients (four males and two females, 16.5 years old (Q1, Q3: 15, 18)) that experienced mRNA-COVID-19-vaccines side effects. All patients were hospitalized due to fever and troponins elevation following the second dose of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed 72–96 h after vaccination. All patients were treated with colchicine and ibuprofen. Myocarditis was prevalent in males. It was characterized by myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the lateral wall of the left ventricle (LV). One patient showed sole right ventricular involvement, while the females presented with myopericarditis (myocarditis + pericardial effusion). All patients in our series had preserved LV ejection fraction and remained clinically stable during a relatively short inpatient hospital stay. One case presented with atrial tachycardia. At the follow-up, no significant CMR findings were documented after a three-month medical treatment. According to other recently published case series, our report suggests a possible association between acute myocarditis and myopericarditis with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in healthy young adults and pediatric patients. Not only males are involved, while some arrhythmic manifestations are possible, such as atrial tachycardia. Conversely, we here highlight the benign nature of such complications and the absence of CMR findings after a three-month medical treatment with colchicine and ibuprofen.
Engineering His-Tagged Senecavirus A for One-Step Purification of Viral Antigens
Authors: Fan Junhao , Xiao Peiyu , Kong Dongni , Liu Xinran , Meng Liang , An Tongqing , Cai Xuehui , Wang Haiwei , Yu Li
Published: January 2022

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a picornavirus that causes vesicular disease in swine, and the inactivated vaccine is used to prevent and control SVA infection. To develop a new chromatography strategy for the purification and concentration of SVA vaccine antigens, we inserted a 6×His-tag at the VP1 C-terminal of the SVA/HLJ/CHA/2016 in an infectious clone to rescue a His-tagged SVA. The constructed and rescued recombinant virus, named as rSVA-His, exhibited similar growth kinetics to that of its parental virus. In addition, the expression of a 6×His-tag on the surface of SVA showed genetic stability in cell passages in vitro, which allowed one-step purification of SVA antigens by Ni2+ affinity columns. Furthermore, the immunogenicity of the inactivated rSVA-His was evaluated by inoculating rabbits and detecting neutralizing antibodies. The animals receiving two doses of the inactivated rSVA-His emulsified with oil adjuvant developed a high titer of neutralizing antibodies, indicating that SVA VP1 is tolerant to His-tag insertion without detriment to its antigenicity. In summary, the constructed 6×His-tagged SVA may offer a feasible approach to the affinity purification and concentration of antigens in the process of SVA inactivated vaccine production.
Overview of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response Six Months after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Gandolfo Claudia , Anichini Gabriele , Mugnaini Marco , Bocchia Monica , Terrosi Chiara , Sicuranza Anna , Gori Savellini Gianni , Gozzetti Alessandro , Franchi Federico , Cusi Maria Grazia
Published: January 2022

Background: We have designed a prospective study aiming to monitor the immune response in 178 health care workers six months after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Methods: The humoral immune response of all subjects was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CMIA); in 60 serum samples, a live virus-based neutralization assay was also tested. Moreover, 6 months after vaccination, B- and T-cell subsets from 20 subjects were observed by FACS analysis after restimulation with the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein as an antigen, thus mimicking reinfection in vitro. Results: A significant decrease of circulating IgG levels and neutralizing antibodies over time were observed. Moreover, six months after vaccination, a variable T-cell immune response after in vitro antigen stimulation of PBMC was observed. On the contrary, the analysis of B-cell response showed a shift from unswitched to switched memory B-cells and an increase of Th17 cells. Conclusions: Although the variability of the CD4+ and CD8+ immune response and an antibody decline was observed among vaccinated subjects, the increase of switched memory B-cells and Th17 cells, correlating with the presence of neutralizing antibodies, opened the debate on the correct timing of vaccination.
Immunization with GP1 but Not Core-like Particles Displaying Isolated Receptor-Binding Epitopes Elicits Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies against Junín Virus
Authors: Roman-Sosa Gleyder , Leske Anne , Ficht Xenia , Dau Tung Huy , Holzerland Julia , Hoenen Thomas , Beer Martin , Kammerer Robert , Schirmbeck Reinhold , Rey Felix A. , Cordo Sandra M. , Groseth Allison
Published: January 2022

New World arenaviruses are rodent-transmitted viruses and include a number of pathogens that are responsible for causing severe human disease. This includes Junín virus (JUNV), which is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. The wild nature and mobility of the rodent reservoir host makes it difficult to control the disease, and currently passive immunization with high-titer neutralizing antibody-containing plasma from convalescent patients is the only specific therapy. However, dwindling supplies of naturally available convalescent plasma, and challenges in developing similar resources for other closely related viruses, have made the development of alternative antibody-based therapeutic approaches of critical importance. In this study, we sought to induce a neutralizing antibody response in rabbits against the receptor-binding subunit of the viral glycoprotein, GP1, and the specific peptide sequences in GP1 involved in cellular receptor contacts. While these specific receptor-interacting peptides did not efficiently induce the production of neutralizing antibodies when delivered as a particulate antigen (as part of hepatitis B virus core-like particles), we showed that recombinant JUNV GP1 purified from transfected mammalian cells induced virus-neutralizing antibodies at high titers in rabbits. Further, neutralization was observed across a range of unrelated JUNV strains, a feature that is critical for effectiveness in the field. These results underscore the potential of GP1 alone to induce a potent neutralizing antibody response and highlight the importance of epitope presentation. In addition, effective virus neutralization by rabbit antibodies supports the potential applicability of this species for the future development of immunotherapeutics (e.g., based on humanized monoclonal antibodies). Such information can be applied in the design of vaccines and immunogens for both prevention and specific therapies against this and likely also other closely related pathogenic New World arenaviruses.
Determinants of the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immune-Response after Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Egypt
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Hashish Mona H. , Farag Shehata , Omran Eman A. , Farghaly Azza Galal , Azzam Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez
Published: January 2022

Background: Understanding the factors affecting humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential to predict their level of protection. Vaccination elicits antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S). Aim: To investigate the factors associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies among vaccinated HCWs. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 143 vaccinated HCWs, with or without a history of previous COVID-19 infection (clinically, radiologically, or by laboratory results) from different departments. Socio-demographic, clinical, as well as vaccine-related data, were recorded. Serum samples were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Results: Vaccination provoked an immunogenic response, where the overall anti-S positivity was 83.9% (95% CI: 77.8–90.0%). The response was not affected either by the age or gender of HCWs. Out of the 143 HCWs, 46 (32.1%; 95% CI: 24.4–39.9%) reported a previous history of COVID-19 infection, and seropositivity was significantly higher among them (p = 0.002), and it was associated with the frequency of infection (p = 0.044) and duration since diagnosis of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.065). They had higher median anti-S titers (111.8 RU/mL) than those without infection (39.8 RU/mL). Higher seropositivity was observed with Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (AZD1222) (88.9%; 95% CI: 83.1–95.0%) than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) (67.7%; 95% CI: 50.3–85.2%), and with receiving two doses of vaccine (92.3%; 95% CI: 87.1–97.5%). Conclusions: Antibody positivity was significantly affected by the previous history of COVID-19 infection, type of vaccine, the number of doses received, and duration since vaccination.
Improved Mathematical Approach for Modeling Sport Differential Mechanism
Authors: Diachuk Maksym , Easa Said M.
Published: January 2022

Improved mathematical and simulation modes of the active differential mechanism (DM) with controllable torque redistribution would better contribute to developing intelligent vehicle transmissions. The issue is caused by actualizing the precise steerability control using advanced automated transmissions, allowing torque vectoring for all-wheel-drive vehicles and ensuring an option for correcting the vehicle trajectory. This paper presents an alternative mathematical method for obtaining differential equations for modeling vehicle transmission components and its implementation for simulating the Audi sport DM. First, the steerability issues of sport DM technology are discussed, and the sport DM design is described in detail. Then, a mathematical approach is proposed that includes three types of equation systems: generalized dynamics equations, kinematic constraint equations, and gearing condition equations. The approach also considers the flexibility of the clutch’s frictional pack, friction torque, lockup condition, and piston dynamics. Finally, a Simulink model that reflects the DM operation and calculation procedures is developed. A series of simulations of the sport DM operation with forcible torque distribution is carried out. The results show that the proposed mathematical model is universal, efficient, and accurate.
Methodology and Neuromarkers for Cetaceans’ Brains
Authors: Sacchini Simona , Herráez Pedro , Arbelo Manuel , Espinosa de los Monteros Antonio , Sierra Eva , Rivero Miguel , Bombardi Cristiano , Fernández Antonio
Published: January 2022

Cetacean brain sampling may be an arduous task due to the difficulty of collecting and histologically preparing such rare and large specimens. Thus, one of the main challenges of working with cetaceans’ brains is to establish a valid methodology for an optimal manipulation and fixation of the brain tissue, which allows the samples to be viable for neuroanatomical and neuropathological studies. With this in view, we validated a methodology in order to preserve the quality of such large brains (neuroanatomy/neuropathology) and at the same time to obtain fresh brain samples for toxicological, virological, and microbiological analysis (neuropathology). A fixation protocol adapted to brains, of equal or even three times the size of human brains, was studied and tested. Finally, we investigated the usefulness of a panel of 20 antibodies (neuromarkers) associated with the normal structure and function of the brain, pathogens, age-related, and/or functional variations. The sampling protocol and some of the 20 neuromarkers have been thought to explore neurodegenerative diseases in these long-lived animals. To conclude, many of the typical measures used to evaluate neuropathological changes do not tell us if meaningful cellular changes have occurred. Having a wide panel of antibodies and histochemical techniques available allows for delving into the specific behavior of the neuronal population of the brain nuclei and to get a “fingerprint” of their real status.
Serological, Molecular Prevalence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Dairy Cattle Herds in Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Menadi Salah Eddine , Chisu Valentina , Santucciu Cinzia , Di Domenico Marco , Curini Valentina , Masala Giovanna
Published: January 2022

In Algeria, data on the epidemiology of coxiellosis in cattle are still lacking. In this study, bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from 200 randomly selected dairy cattle herds from Setif province of Algeria were analyzed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results highlighted that 37% (95% CI: 30.31–43.69%) and 9% (95% CI: 5.03–12.96%) of BTM samples contained Coxiella burnetii antibodies and DNA, respectively. Based on Cohen’s kappa coefficient, a very low agreement between the ELISA and PCR results was found (k = 0.0849) (95% CI: 0.00–0.189). For a second experiment, 186 whole blood samples of cows from farms with reproduction disorders were analyzed by molecular tools to detect C. burnetii. This study revealed an overall prevalence of 6.98% (95% CI: 3.32–10.65%). All positive samples determined by conventional PCR were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Eleven samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values lower than 35 were selected for genotyping by the multispacer sequence typing (MST) method. The MST12 genotype in BTM samples, the MST32 genotype and a new MST genotype (partial profile) in whole blood samples were identified. Obtained results have allowed us to better understand the epidemiology of bovine coxiellosis in the region of Setif.
Spotlight on MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty in Open-Angle Glaucoma: What’s on? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gambini Gloria , Carlà Matteo Mario , Caporossi Tomaso , De Vico Umberto , Savastano Alfonso , Baldascino Antonio , Rizzo Clara , Kilian Raphael , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: January 2022

Glaucoma is the most common cause of permanent blindness in the world, caused by a progressive optic neuropathy. Patients with glaucoma are often treated with topical medicines therapy in order to reduce intra-ocular pressure (IOP). On the other hand, laser therapies, with the introduction of Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) and successively with Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), were reported to be effective in IOP control, with low adverse effect rates. In recent years, the micropulse laser, a subthreshold laser technology, was introduced with the goal of reducing side effects while maintaining the effectiveness of the laser treatments. Several studies focused on Micropulse Diode Laser Trabeculoplasty (MDLT) in open-angle glaucoma, to evaluate its effectiveness and possible side effects. Promising results were reported, but irradiation circumstances have not been standardized yet and its role as a substitute for previous laser techniques has yet to be defined. As a result, the goal of this review was to analyze the physical principles at the basis of MDLT and to frame it in the open-angle glaucoma management setting, highlighting the advantages and shortfalls of this technique.
Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale
Authors: Lee Hwan , Suk Heejun , Chen Jui-Sheng , Park Eungyu
Published: January 2022

Surfactant flushing with intermittent air injection, referred to as enhanced flushing, has been proposed at a site in Korea contaminated by military activity to overcome the difficulty of treatment caused by a layered geological structure. In this study, we developed a simple numerical model for exploring the effects of various physical and chemical processes associated with enhanced flushing on pollutant removal efficiency and applied it in a field-scale test. This simple numerical model considers only enhanced hydraulic conductivity rather than all of the interacting parameters associated with the complex chemical and physical processes related to air and surfactant behavior during enhanced flushing treatment. In the numerical experiment, the removal efficiency of residual non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was approximately 12% greater with enhanced, rather than conventional, flushing because the hydraulic conductivity of the low-permeability layer was enhanced 5-fold, thus accelerating surfactant transport in the low-permeability layer and facilitating enhanced dissolution of residual NAPL. To test whether the enhanced flushing method is superior to conventional flushing, as observed in the field-scale test, successive soil flushing operations were simulated using the newly developed model, and the results were compared to field data. Overall, the simulation results aligned well with the field data.
Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint of Greek Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Goliopoulos Nikos , Mamais Daniel , Noutsopoulos Constantinos , Dimopoulou Argyri , Kounadis Christos
Published: January 2022

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) exhibit significant energy consumption and produce large amounts of Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG emissions). Energy efficiency and reduction in GHG emissions in WWTPs have become important issues, especially in view of the climate crisis. The core objective of this work is to assess the energy and carbon footprint of Greek WWTPs and to propose methods to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. Data were collected from 31 Greek WWTPs with an average treatment capacity between 250 and 3,650,000 population equivalents (PE). The total population served by the 31 WWTPs was over 6,000,000, which is more than half of the population in Greece with access to WWTPs. Based on the results, the annual average energy consumption for small, medium and large WWTPs equals 137 kWh/PE, 48 kWh/PE and 32 kWh/PE, respectively. Accordingly, annual average GHG emissions, both biogenic and non-biogenic in small, medium and large WWTPs are equal to 207 kgCO2e/PE, 144 kgCO2e/PE and 89 kgCO2e/PE, respectively. Annual average on-site GHG emissions are equal to 56.5 kgCO2e/PE, while the average off-site GHG emissions account for 16.9 kgCO2e/PE. Based on the results, acceptable and attainable targets for WWTPs energy consumption and GHG emissions are proposed.
Dynamics of Nearshore Waves during Storms: Case of the English Channel and the Normandy Coasts
Authors: López Solano Carlos , Turki Emma Imen , Hamdi Yasser , Soloy Antoine , Costa Stéphane , Laignel Benoit , Gutiérrez Barceló Ángel David , Abcha Nizar , Jacono Delphine , Lafite Robert
Published: January 2022

This research was carried out in the framework of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) program of the French National Centre of Space Studies (CNES). In the context of global climate change, increases in frequency and intensity of extreme events are considered potential threats. Hence, many efforts have been devoted to acquiring a better understanding of the natural processes driving the hydrodynamics’ multiscale variability in order to produce a more accurate estimation of their fluctuations. In this situation, and in the framework of Normandy’s coastal risk management, the dynamics of extreme events were investigated from regional scales (the English Channel basin) to local scales (the Normandy beaches in Etretat and Hautot-sur-Mer). Offshore wave data were obtained and hourly wave data were simulated for two years using the SWAN (Simulating WAves till Nearshore) model, including ten highly energetic stormy events selected by their different physical characteristics. Spectral analysis was conducted to compare the transformation in frequencies of the wave spectra from the Channel to shallow waters. A special focus was given to the hydrodynamics close to Normandy during these extreme events depending on their duration, their strength, and the persistence of the maximum wave height.
Sustainability of the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Caribbean Small Island Developing States
Authors: Winters Zachary S. , Crisman Thomas L. , Dumke David T.
Published: January 2022

The sustainability of small island developing states (SIDS) of the Caribbean is fragile because of island size and topography, limited resources, population growth, natural disasters, and climate change. Current and projected sustainability in 2050 were assessed within the framework of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus for 10 of 16 SIDS with the best databases. Values for each WEF sector below either Falkenmark indicators or regional averages were considered unsustainable (failing) for that sector. Overall, SIDS were considered unsustainable if they failed at least two of three sectors. Projected water sustainability for 2050 was based on population growth and climate change effects on precipitation and per capita water availability. All SIDS failed the food sector, and four failed the energy sector. Water was considered the ultimate control for long-term sustainability. Five SIDS currently fail the water sector, but all but the largest two SIDS are likely to fail this sector by 2050. The role of poor governance and associated lack of long-term planning for population growth, disasters, and climate change, adaptative management strategies, infrastructure investment with an emphasis on nature-based solutions, decentralized energy grids emphasizing renewable energy, and local food production are clearly impediments for reaching sustainability goals for Caribbean SIDS.
Spatio-Temporal Disparities of Mariculture Area Production Efficiency Considering Undesirable Output: A Case Study of China’s East Coast
Authors: Ji Jianyue , Liu Luping , Xu Yao , Zhang Ningning
Published: January 2022

Mariculture areas are an important non-renewable natural resource and continuously improving their efficiency is important for increasing mariculture output and adjusting its structure. The aim of this study was to measure the mariculture area production efficiency (MAPE) considering undesirable outputs, further analyze its spatiotemporal disparities, and analyze the reasons for the differences observed during the period from 2008 to 2019. The super-efficiency Engel–Blackwell–Miniard (S-EBM) model and global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index was selected to analyze the technical efficiency and productivity of MAPE from both the static and dynamic aspects, and the Theil index was used to decompose the regional differences. The results showed that the MAPE showed fluctuation and an increasing trend overall; the production efficiency and technical progress showed a fluctuating rising trend, and technical progress had a significant driving effect on the production efficiency; and intra-regional differences were the main factors that cause the differences in MAPE. The findings suggest the increase of scientific and technological investment in mariculture, changes in mariculture methods, the establishment of environmental monitoring centers in mariculture areas, and the sharing of information technology between regions to achieve sustainable development.
Evaluating the Effects of the Rill Longitudinal Profile on Flow Resistance Law
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Di Stefano Costanza , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito
Published: January 2022

In this paper, for the first time, the effect of the longitudinal profile shape of the rill (uniform, concave, and convex) on flow resistance law was studied. The first part of the paper is based on a theoretical equation to estimate the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f, deduced from the power velocity distribution and rill measurements performed on a plot. At first, the equation to estimate the Γ parameter of the velocity profile was calibrated using all available measurements. Then an analysis of the hydraulic characteristics at reach scale, for comparable values of discharge, was carried out, comparing the different profile shapes. To assess the influence of the rill profile shape on flow resistance law, this calibration was also carried out using the data categorized by profile. In the second part of the paper, an analysis of the scour depth and eroded rill volume was developed for four rills of each configuration. The results showed that an accurate estimate of f can be obtained by calibrating the flow resistance equation for each profile shape. The component of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor that is due to the profile shape varied from 0.68 to 14.6% of the overall friction factor for the concave profile, and from 3.4 to 26.9% for the convex profile. The analysis also showed that, for the convex profile, the scour was concentrated downstream of the slope change, while for the uniform and concave profiles, it was uniformly distributed. Furthermore, the scour depth measured in correspondence of the rill thalweg had a generally increasing trend, with discharge for all the investigated profile shapes. Total eroded rill volume of the concave profile was lower than those detected for the uniform and convex profiles and was characterized by a reduction of 57.9%, as compared to the uniform profile.
A Water Consumption Forecasting Model by Using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with Exogenous Inputs Based on Rough Attributes
Authors: Zheng Yihong , Zhang Wanjuan , Xie Jingjing , Liu Qiao
Published: January 2022

Scientific prediction of water consumption is beneficial for the management of water resources. In practice, many factors affect water consumption, and the various impact mechanisms are complex and uncertain. Meanwhile, the water consumption time series has a nonlinear dynamic feature. Therefore, this paper proposes a nonlinear autoregressive model with an exogenous input (NARX) neural network model based on rough set (RS) theory. First, the RS theory was used to analyze the importance of each attribute in water consumption. Then, the main influencing factor was selected as the input of the NARX neural network model, which was applied to predict water consumption. The proposed model is proved to give better results of a single NARX model and a back propagation neural network. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy in terms of the mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error.
Advances in Characterizing Gas Hydrate Formation in Sediments with NMR Transverse Relaxation Time
Authors: Liu Biao , Zhan Linsen , Lu Hailong , Zhang Jiecheng
Published: January 2022

The formation process, structure, and distribution of gas hydrate in sediments have become focal points in exploring and exploiting natural gas hydrate. To better understand the dynamic behavior of gas hydrate formation in sediments, transverse relaxation time (T2) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used to quantitatively characterize the formation process of gas hydrate and the change in pore characteristics of sediments. NMR T2 has been considered as a rapid and non-destructive method to distinguish the phase states of water, gas, and gas hydrate, estimate the saturations of water and gas hydrate, and analyze the kinetics of gas hydrate formation in sediments. NMR T2 is also widely employed to specify the pore structure in sediments in terms of pore size distribution, porosity, and permeability. For the recognition of the advantages and shortage of NMR T2 method, comparisons with other methods as X-ray CT, cryo-SEM, etc., are made regarding the application characteristics including resolution, phase recognition, and scanning time. As a future perspective, combining NMR T2 with other techniques can more effectively characterize the dynamic behavior of gas hydrate formation and pore structure in sediments.
Development of a Flywheel Hybrid Power System in Vehicles without the Electric Drive Device Rated Capacity Limit
Authors: Li Hong , Chu Jiangwei , Sun Shufa
Published: January 2022

At present, most studies are focused on converting the vehicle kinetic energy into electrochemical energy for battery storage. During each deceleration period, the kinetic energy is first converted into electromagnetic energy and then stored in the chemical form before being released as the kinetic energy in next acceleration period, which leads to a low transmission efficiency. Secondly, the efficiency of the kinetic energy recovery is limited by the rated capacity of electric drive devices. Thirdly, a single-axis front-drive electric powertrain can only recover the kinetic energy of front wheels. The system proposed in this paper, which included a flywheel, an electromagnetic coupler, and two gear pairs, was arranged in the rear axis. This new configuration could recycle the kinetic energy of the rear wheels for front-driving vehicles. Most of the energy between the wheels and the flywheel was transmitted in the form of mechanical energy, and the power transmitted by the mechanical port of the electromagnetic coupler was not limited by its rated power. Moreover, the battery only needs to recover the slip power of the coupler. Finally, a test bench based on the proposed system was designed and built under deceleration and cruising conditions. The experimental results also proved the functionality of the proposed system.
Humpback whitefish Сoregonus lavaretus pidschian (gmelin, 1788) of the Khatanga river basin
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk), Budin Yurii Vladimirovich , Zadelenov Vladimir Anatolievich ,   Krasnoyarsk branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk), Farkhutdinova Sofya Fauzelevna ,   Department of Breeding, Genetics, Biology and Aquatic Biological Resources, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk)
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a morphological and ecological study of three sympatric forms of the Humpback whitefish from the Khatanga River basin, Taimyr Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk krai territory. Statistically significant differences in plastic and meristic features between all compared formswere revealed.The most significant values of meristic features were found by the number of gill rakers (between riverine form and lacustrine-riverine form tₛₜ = 3.55), riverine form and lacustrine form (tₛₜ = 8.92), lacustrine-riverineform and lacustrine form (tₛₜ = 6.72). Significant differences were found in the number of scales in the lateral line when comparing riverine and lacustrine-riverine forms (tₛₜ = 3.16), riverine and lacustrine forms (tₛₜ = 2.85). Significant differences were noted in the plastic characters between riverine and lacustrineforms of Humpback whitefish: in the length of the head (between riverine and lacustrine-riverinetst = 5.49, riverine and lacustrinetst = 5.49); by antedorsal distance: riverine and lacustrine-riverine (tₛₜ = 2.67), riverine and lacustrine (tₛₜ = 4.40); in eye diameter between lacustrine-riverine and lacustrine (tₛₜ = 6.89), riverine and lacustrine (tₛₜ = 9.42).A comparison of the morphological features of lacustrine, lacustrine-riverine and riverine forms of whitefish in the Khatanga River basin with those forms from other water bodies in northern Siberia is carried out.Differences in meristic and plastic features are shown.The age range of riverine whitefish in catches is represented by 9 age groups (4+ - 12+), lacustrineriverine - 13 (6+ - 18+), lacustrine - 4 (13+ - 17+).The distribution and migration of allHumpback whitefish forms in the river basin are presented on the basis of our own observations and literary sources.The nutrition of individual forms has been studied, the basis of the Humpback whitefish diet is made up of benthic organisms: caddisflies, chironomids, mollusks and amphipods. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/siberian-whitefish-coregonus-lavaretus-pidschian-gmelin-1788-khatanga-river-basin/77293.html
Development of economic measures aimed at improving the quality of life of the population in rural areas
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Steklova T. N. , Steklov A. N. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Leshcheva M. G. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Dzhikia M. K. ,   Department of Statistics and Cybernetics of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “RGAU – MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev”
Published: January 2022

The article considers measures in the field of economics that contribute to improving the quality of life of the rural population. To identify them, the current State programs of the Russian Federation, the departmental subprograms included in them, national and federal projects were analyzed. The analysis of rural development programs allowed us to conclude that the main sources of financing of program documents are budget funds. Along with them, grant support can be used, as well as funds from investo
Foley balloons’ tamponade is an effective method for controlling massive pelvic bleeding during colorectal surgery
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Chi
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Hemostasis can be achieved by various methods, but it can be difficult to stop active bleeding in the pelvis. An effective method is described to stop massive active bleeding in the pelvis during colorectal surgery.Methods: When there were massive bleedings in the pelvis, 3 to 5 Foley catheters were inserted through stab wounds on the abdomen. The tips of catheters were placed in the pelvis. Each balloon was inflated with 40 mL of sterile water. The water inside each balloon was removed gradually from the third postoperative day. If there is no further bleeding, all catheters were removed on the 7th postoperative day.Results: There were 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) with massive pelvic bleeding encountered from January 1998 to December 2018. Four patients underwent low anterior resection for primary rectal cancer, 2 patients for colon cancer with pelvic recurrence, 1 patient for ovary cancer with pelvic recurrence, and 1 patient for presacral parachordoma with a bleeding tendency. All of the patients survived without further bleeding after surgery.Conclusion: The technique is a simple method to control massive pelvic bleeding during colorectal surgery. It is also inexpensive and effective even in patients with a bleeding tendency.
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI SISWA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KELAS DENGAN KEDISIPLINAN PADA SISWA SMK PABAKU
Authors: Mailani Liana
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan korelasi antara persepsi siswa tentang manajemen kelas dan disiplin siswa SMK Pabaku. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada korelasi positif antara persepsi siswa tentang manajemen kelas dan disiplin mereka. Hal ini diasumsikan bahwa persepsi siswa yang lebih positif dari manajemen kelas adalah, disiplin yang lebih tinggi akan mereka. Sebaliknya, semakin negatif persepsi mereka terhadap manajemen kelas, semakin sedikit disiplin mereka. Mata pelajaran penelitian ini adalah 155 siswa SMA SMK Pabaku. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling sederhana. Data diperoleh dari Skala Disiplin dan Skala Persepsi Siswa terhadap Manajemen Kelas. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan cara pengujian persyaratan analisis (asumsi pengujian) yang terdiri dari tes untuk normalitas distribusi dan hubungan linearitas tes. Data dianalisis dengan menerapkan formula korelasi produk moment melalui SPSS 20 untuk Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa koefisien korelasi adalah 0,605 dengan nilai p 0,000 (p <0,05). Ini menunjukkan ada korelasi positif antara persepsi siswa tentang manajemen kelas dengan disiplin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi persepsi siswa terhadap manajemen ruang kelas untuk disiplin adalah 59,1 persen, dan sisanya 49,9 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diperiksa. Dari hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa ada hubungan hubungan positif antara persepsi siswa tentang manajemen kelas dengan disiplin, dapat diterima.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HEPATITIS B PADA PENDONOR DI UNIT TRANSFUSI DARAH KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Triana Dessy , Sinuhaji Besly , Talitha Rambe Connya , Asteria Marisadonna , Eka Patri Yuliyanti Maria
Published: January 2022

Angka kejadian Hepatitis B masih sangat tinggi di dunia dan Indonesia, perjalanan penyakit secara kronis menjadi kanker hati. Kejadian Hepatitis B memiliki banyak faktor risiko seperti faktor sosiodemografi, gaya hidup dan golongan darah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi dan golongan darah terhadap kejadian hepatitis B. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian retrosprektif dari tahun 2018-2020. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 100 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dengan teknik simple random sampling dari data rekam medis PMI Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 84 orang (84%) dan perempuan sebanyak 16 orang (16%). Usia subjek penelitian paling banyak ada pada rentang 20-29 tahun (43%). Pekerjaan yang terbanyak mengalami infeksi hepatitis B adalah wiraswasta (28%). Golongan darah yang paling banyak mengalami infeksi Hepatitis B adalah golongan darah A+ (41%). Analisis multivariat dengan metode PCA menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa faktor eksternal (faktor pekerjaan) dan faktor internal (golongan darah, usia dan jenis kelamin) mempengaruhi kejadian Hepatitis B sebesar 36,3% dan  27,5%. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh faktor eksternal dan internal terhadap kejadian Hepatitis B sebesar 26%.

The incidence of Hepatitis B is still very high globally, and in Indonesia, the chronic manifestations become liver cancer. The incidence of Hepatitis B has many risk factors such as sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and blood type. The research aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and blood type on the incidence of hepatitis B. This study was a retrospective study from 2018-2020. The research subjects were 100 people. The data collection technique used a simple random sampling technique from the medical record data of PMI Bengkulu City. The results showed 84 men (84%) and 16 women (16%). The age of most research subjects is in the range of 20-29 years (43%). The occupation with the most hepatitis B infection is entrepreneurs (28%). The blood group with the most hepatitis B infection was blood type A+ (41%). Multivariate analysis using the PCA method showed statistically that external factors (occupational factors) and internal factors (blood type, age, and sex) affected the incidence of Hepatitis B by 36.3% and 27.5%, respectively. The logistic regression results showed an influence of external and internal factors on the incidence of Hepatitis B by 26%.
Le bréviaire en dehors de la liturgie
Authors: Albiero Laura
Published: January 2022

The paper investigates on the meaning of the term “liturgical use” in respect to the production of pocket breviaries, to their content and their recipients. The analysis of some particular cases demonstrates that breviaries which were copied for the members of the royal family followed a different liturgical use from that which was locally practised, and this use coincided with the order to which their confessors belonged. These breviaries were conceived as books for private devotion rather than liturgical ones, and they generally display some ‘déviances’ from their main liturgical use, which points to their non-liturgical character.
A study on Early European Inks from St Paul in Lavanttal
Authors: Hahn Oliver , Nehring Grzegorz , Freisitzer Rudolf , Rabin I.
Published: January 2022

Les encres employées pour l’écriture de 13 manuscrits (5e-9e siècles) du Monastère bénédictin St. Paul in Lavanttal ont été analysées dans le but d’identifier les trois classes d’encres noires (suie, plante, et ferro-gallique) traditionnellement utilisées dans la production de manuscrits du début du Moyen Âge. Pour différencier les encres, l’imagerie multispectrale, l’analyse par fluorescence X (XRF) en combinaison avec la réflectographie infrarouge (IRR) et la spectroscopie VIS ont été utilisées. Toutes les encres étudiées dans ce travail contenaient du fer et seraient traditionnellement identifiées comme des encres ferro-galliques. Lencre de carbone pure n’a été détectée que dans un seul manuscrit, en plus des encres ferro-galliques comme matériel d’écriture. Finalement, aucune encre végétale pure n’a été identifiée.
Low-Level Laser Irradiation Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation on Apical Papilla Stem Cells
Authors: Gutiérrez David , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Ortiz Javiera , Gaviria Diego , Alfonso Camilo , Muñoz Ana , Inostroza Carolina
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to improve cell proliferation and differentiation. The stem cells derived from dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are a promising therapy because they are easily obtained from immature human teeth. The effect of LLLT over SCAPs is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic potential of the SCAPs stimulated with LLLT. Methods: SCAPs were isolated from the third molars of a healthy donor and characterized according to the minimum established criteria. SCAPs were cultured for 24 hours before being exposed to LLLT. Cells were exposed to different doses, energy, and wavelengths for selecting the irradiation parameters. SCAPs proliferation was evaluated with the MTT assay at 24 hours and 7-day post-laser exposure. VEGF and TGFβ2 expression were assessed with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The osteogenic differentiation potential was analyzed with alizarin red staining, and the nodule quantification was performed by the relative optical density (ROD) analysis using ImageJ software. Results: The cells isolated from the apical papilla showed phenotype and stem cell properties. SCAPs irradiated with one dose at 6 J/m2 and 650 nm exhibited significantly higher proliferation (P>0.05) than the controls nonirradiated. LLLT stimulated SCAPs’ expression of factors VEGF and TGFβ2. Also, SCAPs irradiated showed higher osteogenic activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: LLLT promotes proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and VEGF and TGFβ2 expression on SCAPs. LLLT is a practical approach for the preconditioning of SCAPs in vitro for future regenerative therapies. More studies are needed to determine the underlying molecular processes that determine the mechanism of the LLLT.
Predicting Radioresistant Biomarkers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Via Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis
Authors: Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Okhovatian Farshad , Rostami Nejad Mohammad , Arjmand Babak , Razzaghi Zahra
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Radiotherapy as the first-line nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment provides different responses including radioresistant and radiosensitive states. In order to investigate the molecular basis of radioresistancy, protein-protein interaction network analysis of proteome data prior to therapy was performed. Methods: 20 dysregulated proteins of the patients who were radioresistant were extracted from the literature. Cytoscape and its plug-ins were used for the resistant network construction and its centrality analysis. Furthermore, ClueGO+ CluePedia application determined the most statistically significant biological processes (BP) related to the hubs. Results: Fourteen hubs were concluded and no differentially expressed protein (DEP) was among these agents. Among the hubs, albumin (ALB) and fibronectin (FN1) were the hub-bottlenecks, and the Serpin family was present. What is more, SERPIND1 was the highest degree-valued DEP in the network. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the central elements of the NPC network could be noteworthy for improving the radiotherapy outcome and overcoming its limitations. However, complementary studies are required for a better understanding of their major role.