bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light Speed Expansion and Rotation of a Very Dark Machian Universe Having Internal Acceleration
Authors: Seshavatharam U.V.S. , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: July 2020

We present a Machian model of Quantum Cosmology with full dark matter and light speed expansion and rotation. During galaxy formation and evolution, fraction of dark matter transforms to visual matter with a relation of the form, m_vis = constant * (m_dark)^2/3. Using this relation and replacing MOND’s ‘critical acceleration’ with “current cosmic maximum angular acceleration”, galactic flat rotation speed range of (50 to 500) km/sec can be fitted well. Estimated flat rotation speeds of DD168, Milky Way and UGC12591 are 49.96 km/sec, 199.66 km/sec and 521.75 km/sec respectively. Based on these striking coincidences, it is possible to say that, MOND’s approach is implicitly connected with cosmological estimation of 95% invisible matter. Considering galactic total matter and current cosmic maximum angular acceleration, galactic working radii, angular velocity and visual matter density can be estimated. Even though, this model is free from ‘big bang’, ‘inflation’, ‘dark energy’, ‘flatness’ and ‘red shift’ issues, at 2.722 K, estimated present Hubble parameter is 66.24 km/sec/Mpc, cosmic radius is 146.3 times the Hubble radius, angular velocity is 146.3 times lower than the Hubble parameter and cosmic age is 146.3 times the Hubble age. With future observations and advanced telescopes, it may be possible to see far distant galaxies and very old stars far beyond the current observable cosmic radius.
Temporal and Cultivar-Specific Effects on Potato Root- and Rhizosphere Fungal Diversity
Authors: Loit Kaire , Soonvald Liina , Astover Alar , Runno-Paurson Eve , Öpik Maarja , Tedersoo Leho
Published: July 2020

The rhizosphere fungal community can play an important role in determining plant growth and health. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the fungal diversity and community composition in the roots and rhizosphere soil of 21 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. The samples were collected at three different sampling points. Furthermore, we assessed the differences in both diversity and composition of pathogen and saprotroph communities. In soil and roots, the fungal richness and relative abundance of pathogens and saprotrophs were mainly affected by sampling time. However, root fungal communities were also significantly affected by cultivar. The most substantial effect of cultivar was on root pathogen diversity. Moreover, the occurrence of most pathogens strongly varied among cultivars. Soil fungal community composition was primarily determined by sampling time; whereas in roots, the primary determinant was cultivar. Our results demonstrate changes in fungal communities over the potato growing season, as well as highlight the importance of potato cultivar on root fungal communities, and emphasise their importance in plant breeding.
Pursuing the Elixir of Life: In Vivo Antioxidative Effect of Manganosalen Complexes, a Review
Authors: Rouco Lara , Gonzalez-Noya Ana M. , Pedrido Rosa , Maneiro Marcelino
Published: July 2020

Manganosalen complexes are coordination compounds that possess a chelating salen-type ligand, a class of bis-Schiff bases obtained by condensation of salicylaldehyde and a diamine. They may act as catalytic antioxidants mimicking both the structure and the reactivity of the native antioxidant enzymes active site. Thus, manganosalen complexes have shown to exhibit superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, and they could potentially facilitate the scavenging of excess ROS, thereby restoring the redox balance in the damaged cells and organs. Initial catalytic studies compared the potency of these compounds as antioxidants in terms of rate constants of the chemical reactivity against ROS, giving catalytic values approaching and even exceeding that of the native antioxidative enzymes. Although most of these catalytic studies lack of biological relevance, subsequent in vitro studies have confirmed the efficiency of many manganosalen complexes in oxidative stress models. These synthetic catalytic scavengers, cheaper than natural antioxidants, have accordingly attracted intensive attention for the therapy of ROS-mediated injuries. The aim of this review is to focus on in vivo studies performed on manganosalen complexes and their activity on the treatment of several pathological disorders associated with oxidative damage. This disorders, ranging from the prevention of fetal malformations to the extension of lifespan, include neurodegenerative, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, tissue injury, and other damages related to liver, kidney or lungs.
Dispersion of Particulate Matter and Sulphur Oxides from Thermal Power Plant: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Jayant , Srikanth R. , Ramasesha Sheela K.
Published: July 2020

Coal-fired thermal plants (CTPP) are known to pollute the atmosphere with emission of many greenhouse gases and particulate matter. The power generation from these thermal plants cannot be stopped completely because it forms the backbone of the grid power supply. It is necessary to study the dispersion patterns of pollutants that affect the health of the people. The dispersion patterns are location specific since they depend on local meteorological conditions. In this study, the dispersion of particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) from a CTPP with 275 m high stack are studied under different atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of neutral, stable and unstable conditions up to a distance of 30 km from the stack. The plume of the PM spreads under all conditions. During some parts of the day, PM settles around the stack while at other times PM keeps suspending in the air for the full distance under study. Sulphur dioxide dilutes to concentrations below the detection limits in about 12-13 km from the stack for neutral and unstable ABL whereas for the stable ABL, the dispersion is up to 30 km. The 24 h weighted average concentration of sulphur dioxide, at 10 m height from the ground, is 14.2 mg/m3 at a distance of 25 kms from the CTPP, which is comparable with the value of 9.2 mg/m3 measured at the Air Quality Stations located around the same distance. Based on the results policy changes that need to be implemented are suggested.
Long-Lasting Economic Effects of Pandemics: Evidence on Growth and Unemployment
Authors: Rodríguez-Caballero C. Vladimir , Vera-Valdés J. Eduardo
Published: July 2020

This paper studies long economic series to assess the long-lasting effects of pandemics. We analyze if periods of time that cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that there is an upward trend in the persistence level of growth across the centuries. In particular, shocks originated by pandemics in recent times seem to have permanent effect in growth. Moreover, our results show that the unemployment rate increases and it becomes more persistent after a pandemic. In this regard, our findings support the design and implementation of counter-cyclical policies to soften the shock of the pandemic.
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase and Spike Protein Mutant Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Predominate in Severely Affected COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Biswas Subrata K. , Mudi Sonchita R.
Published: July 2020

The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), greatly varies from patient to patient. In the present study, we explored and compared mutation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from mildly affected and severely affected COVID-19 patients in order to explore any relationship between mutation profile and disease severity. Genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were downloaded from GISAID database. With the help of Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool, genomic sequences were aligned with the Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus reference sequence and all the mutations were identified. Distribution of mutant variants was then compared between mildly and severely affected groups. Among the numerous mutations detected, 14,408C>T and 23,403A>G mutations resulting in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) P323L and spike protein D614G mutations, respectively, were found predominantly in severely affected group (>82%) compared with mildly affected group (<46%, p<0.001). The 241C>T mutation in the non-coding region of the genome was also found predominantly in severely affected group. The 3,037C>T, a silent mutation, also appeared in relatively high frequency in severely affected group. We concluded that RdRp P323L and spike protein D614G mutations predominate in severely affected COVID-19 patients. Further studies will be required to explore whether these mutations have any impact on the severity of COVID-19.
Identification and Differences in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactococcus garvieae from Farmed Grey Mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) and Non-Grey Mullet in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Lee Jian-Lin , Chiu Shu-Yung , Chen Che-Chun , Chu Chishih , Wang Jiann-Hsiung
Published: July 2020

Streptococcal infection is a main infectious diseases for farmed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). This study were to identify spreptococcal species in diseased farmed grey mullet and to investigate differences in susceptibility to 13 antibiotics and in genotypes between the stains from the grey mullet and non-grey mullet. 170 samples from diseased farmed grey mullet were collected from three county in 2013 -2016. Multiplex PCR identified L. garviea (146) as the main pathogen, S. agalactia (9), S. dysgalactiae (19), and double infection (5), but no S. iniae. The prevalence changed annually and differed among three counties. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis demonstrated identical genotype with an ApaI-digested DNA pattern. Disc diffusion results demonstrated differences in antibiotic susceptibility between the strains from grey mullet (146) and non-grey mullet (30). Almost all strains resisted to clindamycin and all strains were susceptible to six antibiotic in grey mullet and 4 antibiotics in non-grey mullet. The reduced susceptible strains was more in non-grey mullet than grey mullet group. The reduced susceptible strains were observed the highest in 2014 and in Chiayi county and decreased from 2014 to 2016. However, the strains with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cirpofoxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline for human treatment were observed.
Revisiting the 1D and 2D Laplace Transforms
Authors: Ortigueira Manuel Duarte , Machado José Tenreiro
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews the unilateral and bilateral, one- and two-dimensional Laplace transforms. The unilateral and bilateral Laplace transforms are compared in the one-dimensional case, leading to the formulation of the initial-condition theorem. This problem is solved with all generality in the one- and two-dimensional cases with the bilateral Laplace transform. General two-dimensional linear systems are introduced and the corresponding transfer function defined.
Mapping Temperate Forest Phenology Using Tower, UAV, and Terrestrial-Based Sensors
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Stovall Atticus E. L. , Yang Xi
Published: July 2020

Phenology is one of the ubiquitous fingerprints of climate change on our ecosystems. Monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation phenology is thus critical. A wide range of sensors have been used to monitor vegetation phenology. Sensor point of view and resolution can potentially impact estimates of phenology. We compared three different sensors from three different remote sensing platforms—a UAV mounted RGB camera, an under canopy, upward facing hemispherical camera with R, G and NIR capabilities, and a tower mounted RGB PhenoCam—to estimate spring phenological transition in a mixed-species temperate forest in central Virginia, USA. Our study had two objectives: 1) to compare the above- and below- canopy inference of canopy greenness (green chromatic coordinate and normalized difference vegetation index) and canopy structural attributes (leaf area and gap fraction) by matching under-canopy hemispherical photos with high spatial resolution (0.03 m) drone imagery to find the appropriate spatial coverage and resolution for comparison; 2) to compare how each sensor performed in estimating the temporality of the spring phenological transition. We find that a spatial buffer of 20 m radius for UAV imagery is most closely comparable to under-canopy imagery in this system. Sensors and platforms agree within +/- 5 days of when canopy greenness stabilizes from the spring phenophase into the growing season. This work has implications for paring UAV imagery with both tower-based observation platforms, as well as plot-based studies (e.g. long-term monitoring, existing research networks, permanent plots).
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Real-World Multicentre Study
Authors: Grein Ingrid Herta Rotstein , Pinto Natalia Balera Ferreira , Groot Noortje , Martins Camila Bertini , Lobo Aline , Aikawa Nadia Emi , Barbosa Cassia , Terreri Maria Teresa , Fraga Aline Coelho Moreira da , de Oliveira Sheila Knupp Feitosa , Sztajnbok Flavio , Marques Luciana B. Paim , Islabão Aline Garcia , Appenzeller Simone , Bica Blanca , Sato Juliana de Oliveira , Magalhães Claudia Saad , Ferriani Virginia , Pasmans Hella , Schepp Rutger , Klis Fiona van der , de Roock Sytze , Wulffraat Nico , Pileggi Gecilmara Salviato
Published: July 2020

Background: Concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) have led to contradictions and low vaccination coverage in this population, who are at a higher risk of infections, including by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HPV vaccines have been recommended for immunocompromised patients, there is still a lack of data to support its use for AID patients, such as juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine in a cohort of JDM patients.Methods: JDM patients aged from 9-20 years and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to receive a 3-dose schedule of qHPV vaccine from March/2014 to March/2016. Study visits were performed before the first dose, one month after the second and third doses, and six months after the third dose. Participants completed a diary of possible adverse events for 14 days following each dose of vaccination (AEFV). Disease activity and current therapy were analyzed at each visit for JDM patients. In addition, serum samples from all participants were collected to test antibody concentrations against HPV16 and 18 at each visit. Participant recruitment was conducted in ten Brazilian centres. From 47 eligible JDM patients and 41 HC, 42 and 35, respectively, completed the 3-dose schedule of the vaccine, given that five JDM patients and two HC had received doses prior to their inclusion in the study.Results: The AEFVs presented by the participants were mild and in general did not differ between JDM and HC groups. No severe AEFVs were related to the vaccination. Disease activity was stable, or even improved during the follow-up. One month after the third dose of the vaccine the JDM group presented seropositivity of 100% for HPV16 and 97% for HPV18, similarly to the HC group, who presented 100% for both serotypes (p = 1.000). Six months after the third dose the seropositivity for the patient group was 94% for both HPV types.Conclusions: The HPV vaccination in this cohort of JDM patients was safe and immunogenic. Since the seropositivity against HPV16 and 18 was very high after the 3-dose schedule, this regimen should be recommended for JDM patients.Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, number: RBR-9ypbtf, link: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9ypbtf/. Registered 20 March 2018 – Retrospectively registered.
Comparison of IOL Power Calculated by Preoperative Biometry versus Intraoperative Wavefront Aberrometry in Thai Cataract Patients.
Authors: Khambhiphant Bharkbhum , Thanyaporn Sribenjapanon
Published: July 2020

Background: To find agreement between the calculated intraocular lens (IOL) power from using the SRK/T based preoperative biometry and the intraoperative wavefront aberrometry (ORA®) in Thai cataract patients, and to compare the accuracy of each method with the postoperative refraction results.Methods: Eyes that underwent cataract surgery with monofocal or multifocal IOL implantation were enrolled in this prospective study. All eye biometry was measured preoperatively and the ORA intraoperatively. The SRK/T suggested IOL from the preoperative biometry was chosen in all cases. The suggested power and the estimated refraction (EST) from both devices were collected. Bland Altman analysis was used to find the agreement between them. The predicted EST of implanted IOL from both devices were compared with the one-month postoperative SE. Results: The study comprised 97 eyes (79 patients). Of these, 38 eyes (39.2%) had the same suggested IOL power, 36 eyes (37.1%) were within ±0.5D, 20 eyes (20.6%) were within ±1.0D and 3 eyes were beyond ±1.0D. Bland-Altman analysis found the mean difference between IOL power calculated from both devices was 0.39 with LoA of -0.54 to 1.31. The correlation was 98.50% (95%CI 98%- 99.10%). In the same suggested IOL power group, the median difference of EST by preoperative biometry and ORA compared with one-month postoperative SE were -0.08 (95%CI: -0.08, 1.11), and -0.14 (95%CI: -0.88, 1.2), respectively. Conclusions:The ORA and preoperative biometry results were in concordance with each other. The result of preoperative biometry was more accurate than ORA in this study. Trial Registration: The thai clinical trial registration number: TCTR20171005001Registration Date: October 3rd, 2017First Enrollment: November 10th, 2017
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Community Pharmacy Practitioners working in Kathmandu Valley: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shakya Sujyoti , shrestha sweta , Shrestha Rojeena Koju , Giri Usha , Shrestha Sunil
Published: July 2020

Background Unintended pregnancy occurs due to incorrect or inconsistent use of a contraception method. Such pregnancies can create an economic burden on the family, society and nation as a whole. Unintended pregnancy is the underlying cause of abortion which can also result in infertility and maternal death. Adequate knowledge of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and positive attitude among the community pharmacy practitioners (CPPs) is a prerequisite for timely access of ECP, thus ultimately abating the incidence of unintended pregnancies. This study intended to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of CPPs toward ECPs in Kathmandu valley. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in community pharmacies located in three districts of Kathmandu valley. A convenience sampling method was employed to interview CPPs in 227 community pharmacies using a validated questionnaire. Questionnaire assessed the demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and dispensing practice of the CPPs. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis using SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Approximately 74.9% of respondents had a good practice on dispensing ECPs, and 70% of them counselled all the users. A significant association (p-value<0.05) was obtained between the dispensing practice of respondents and their knowledge level. ECP related knowledge was higher among the age group 40-49 years, BPharm degree holders with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. After adjusting the possible confounder variables, age, degree and district of pharmacy were significantly associated with knowledge. Similarly, respondents' practice towards ECP was higher among the age group 40-49 years with experience above ten years and community pharmacies located inside the city and in the Kathmandu district. Adjusted for other variables, only community pharmacies located at Kathmandu district was significantly associated with the practice. Conclusion CPPs lacked specific important information on ECP and opined against its' availability as an OTC drug, despite good overall knowledge and positive attitude. Many thought that ECP without prescription would increase promiscuity towards sexual behaviour and result in unsafe sex along with its' repeated use. Hence, training and proper counselling strategies should be afoot to refine the delivery of service by CPPs.
CD14+CD16- monocytes are the main precursors of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis via expressing Tyro3TK
Authors: Xue Jimeng , Xu Liling , Zhu Huaqun , Bai Mingxin , Li Xin , Zhao Zhen , Zhong Hua , Cheng Gong , Li Xue , Hu Fanlei , Su Yin
Published: July 2020

Background: Monocytes as precursors of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were well demonstrated, while monocyte subsets in osteoclast formation were still controversial. Tyro3 tyrosine kinase (Tyro3TK) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family involved in immune homeostasis, the role of which in osteoclast differentiation was reported recently. This study aimed to compare the osteoclastic capacity of CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16- monocytes in RA and determine the potential involvement of Tyro3TK in their osteoclastogenesis.Methods: Osteoclasts were induced in CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16- monocyte subsets isolated from healthy control (HC) and RA patients in vitro and evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Then, the expression of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16- monocyte subsets in peripheral blood of RA, osteoarthritis (OA), and HC were evaluated by flow cytometry and qPCR, and their correlation with RA patient clinical and immunological features were analyzed. The role of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16- monocytes in RA patient osteoclastogenesis was further investigated by osteoclast differentiation assay with Tyro3TK blockade.Results: The results revealed that CD14+CD16- monocytes were the main source of osteoclasts. The expression of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16- monocytes was significantly upregulated in RA patients compared with HC and OA patients, and positively correlated with the disease manifestations, such as IgM level, tender joint count and the disease activity score. Moreover, anti-Tyro3TK antibody could dose-dependently inhibited Gas6-mediated osteoclast differentiation in CD14+CD16- monocytes.Conclusions: These findings indicate that elevated Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16- monocytes serves as a critical signal for osteoclast differentiation in RA.
Thinprep® test versus conventional smear for the detection of pancreatic neoplasms after percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Tan Li , Zhou Guili , Gui Yang , Meng Zhilan , Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Jing , Zhou Tongtong , Chen Xueqi , Xiao Mengsu , Zhang Qing , Zhong Guangxi , Lv Ke , Jiang Yuxin
Published: July 2020

Background

Few studies have defined the diagnostic value of ThinPrep pap test (a liquid-based cytology) for pancreatic samples obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) in screening pancreatic neoplasms to the conventional smear (CS), especially in the absence of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
Methods

The study evaluated 78 patients with suspected pancreatic tumors who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) combined with CS and TCT. Final disease diagnosis was based on biopsy, surgery, or clinical progress.
Results

The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TCT were 95.8%, 100%, 96.1%, 100%, 62.5%, whereas the values for CS were 90.1%, 100%, 90.8%, 100%, 41.7%, respectively. The combination of CS and TCT recorded 98.6%, 100%, 98.7%, 100%, 83.3%, respectively, for the parameters evaluated. None of the participants recorded serious complications.
Conclusions

This study shows that TCT is a more reliable tool in the detection of pancreatic neoplasms, especially for percutaneous US-FNA samples. Whereas TCT may be used as an alternative to CS in the absence of ROSE, the use of both methods in the screening process yields better results.
İSTANBUL HÜKÜMETLERİNİN BURSA’DA MİLLİ MÜCADELE’Yİ ÖNLEME GİRİŞİMLERİ
Authors: BİRLİK Gültekin K.
Published: July 2020

Hem İstanbul’a yakın olması hem de çok sayıda Padişah taraftarının bulunması nedeniyle, başlangıçta Bursalılar İstanbul hükümetlerinin etkisi altında kalmış, Milli Mücadele’ye ise mesafeli olmuştu. Albay Bekir Sami (Günsav) Bey’in Haziran 1919’da Bursa’ya gelişiyle birlikte, bir yandan İstanbul hükümetinin etkisi sınırlandırılırken, diğer yandan Milli Mücadele yönünde çalışmalar başlatıldı. İstanbul hükümeti bölgedeki Milli Mücadele’yi ortadan kaldırmak için, Şubat 1920’de İkinci Anzavur İsyanı’nı başlattı. Bu isyanda İngilizler de etkili oldu. İstanbul hükümeti uyguladığı etkin propagandayla Bigalı ve Gönenlilerin çoğunluğunun isyana katılmasını sağladığı gibi, isyanı bastırmak için toplanan birliklerde firarlara da neden oldu. Anzavur Biga, Gönen ve Bandırma’yı ele geçirdikten sonra Bursa’ya ilerlerken, Milli Mücadele liderlerinin öldürülmesi gerektiğini açıklayan İstanbul fetvası 10 Nisan 1920’de yayınlandı. Anadolu’da karşı fetva yayınlansa da, fetva özellikle erleri etkiledi ve silahlarını isyancılara bırakarak, dağılmalarına neden oldu. Ancak, Bursa’da alınan tedbirlerle, Anzavur İsyanı bastırılarak İstanbul hükümetinin tehdidi ortadan kaldırıldı ve Bursa’nın Milli Mücadele safında kalması sağlandı.
İSLAM’DA RÖNESANS VE REFORM GİRİŞİMİ: XIX. VE XX. YÜZYIL İSLAM MODERNLEŞME SÜRECİ VE GELİNEN NOKTA İTİBARİYLE AÇMAZLARI
Authors: HALİL Hüseyin
Published: July 2020

İslam modernizm hareketi XIX ve XX. yüzyıllarda İslam dünyasını oldukça meşgul etmiş bir hareket olarak tarihteki yerini almıştır. Bu hareketin doğuşuna sebep olan pek çok faktörden en önemlisi İslam dünyasının bilimsel gelişmeler bakımından statikleşmesidir. Batı dünyası ise, kilisenin de etkisiyle ortaçağda yaşadığı bunalımdan çıkardığı derslerle, bilimsel çalışmalara yönelerek rönesansı başlatmış, ardından reform hareketiyle dinin toplum ve yönetimdeki pozisyonunu belirlemiştir. Bir de, buna sanayi inkılabını ekleyerek dünyayı bilimsel, kültürel ve ekonomik olarak etkiler hale gelmiştir. Fakat öte yandan Müslümanlar Batı’nın bu şekilde ezici üstünlüğü ve gelişmişliği karşısında uzun süre aynı derecede bir tepki vermede başarılı olamamıştır. Bu durum İslam dünyasının Rönesans ve Reformu olarak tabir edilebilecek İslam modernizm hareketinin zeminini hazırlamıştır. İşte biz bu makalemizde bu hareketi doğuşundan geldiği aktüel noktaya kadar inceleyeceğiz, Rönesans ve Reform hareketlerinin yakaladığı başarıyı yakalayıp yakalamadığını değerlendirip makalenin sonunda okuyucuya birkaç madde halinde hareketin açmazları ve başarıları hakkında bilgi vereceğiz.
YouTuber and Googlepreneur: Review of the Contemporary Fiqh of Zakah
Authors: Mubarok Muhammad Sultan , Abadi Muhammad Taufiq
Published: July 2020

The industrial revolution 4.0 brings opportunities and challenges for zakat management institutions. YouTuber and Googlepreneur are part of the effects of changing times, which has the potential to generate revenue. The purpose of this study is to discuss Islamic jurisprudential law regarding zakat Youtuber and googlepreneur, as well as how to calculate nishab. The study shows that YouTubers and Googlepreneur are required to pay zakat because it belongs to the profession affected by zakat. The method of calculating zakat is based on three approaches, namely (a) referring to zakat of gold, silver, and trade, provided that the calculation of 85 grams of gold (20 dinars) or 595 grams of silver (200 dirhams) with a tithe content of 2.5% and time to spending once a year, (b) expressed by agricultural alms, with the provisions of aishq five ausaq (harvest 653 kg), the level is 5% and issued every income or salary, (c) qyas shahbah or analogous to two things at once, with the provisions of nishab five ausaq (653 kg of harvest) and released when receiving 2.5%.
Analysis of Factors influencing the Purchasing Decision of Facial Foam labeled Halal
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Nadhifah Hesti Hanan
Published: July 2020

Consumers in deciding the purchase are motivated by various factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of price, product quality, product design, and brand image on purchasing decisions. The type of data used is primary data, using e-questionnaires. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The analysis technique uses multiple regression. The analysis shows that the price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Product design has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. In the future, the company needs to set prices following the purchasing power of the people but still maintain product quality and pay attention to product design.
Halal Food Industry: Challenges and Opportunities in Europe
Authors: Ardiani Aniqoh Nur Aini Fitriya , Hanastiana Metta Renatie
Published: July 2020

The halal industry in Europe has experienced significant development, especially in the food sector. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of the halal food industry in Europe. The method uses a qualitative approach, with secondary data sources. The analysis technique uses a descriptive approach. The study results show that the development of the halal food industry in Europe was triggered by the increasing demand for halal certification and quality assurance, as well as the development of the tourism sector. This is a great opportunity for industry players to be able to meet the high demand for halal food. The challenge is how to improve quality and can meet halal standards to meet global demand.
Competencies of Health Educators for Sports Injury Prevention
Authors: Uspuriene Aiste Barbora , Simanavičius Matas
Published: July 2020

According to the analysis of literature, it can be stated in, that there is a lower risk of experiencing sports injury during training, working with such health educators who has higher education in sports science. It is also can be stated that there are few studies which would determine the education of health educators, the quality of training and sports injuries suffered by clients and their frequency during the conducted trainings (Waryasz, Daniels, Gil, Suric, & Eberson, 2016). Research aim – to determine competencies of health educators for sports injury prevention.
PRACTICALITY AND EFFECTIVINESS OF BILINGUAL COMPUTER-BASED LEARNING MODULE
Authors: Alfiriani Adlia , Hutabri Ellbert
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at analyzing the level of practicalities and effectivenees of bilingual computer-based learning module on the topic of word processing software at State Elementary School Percobaan, Padang. The study was quantitative with an experimental method. Findings show that the products which were developed had high level of practicality with the value Kr = 1 (standard of practicality = 0.90). This was conﬁ rmed in the test of scalability which the coefﬁ cient of scalability of Ks = 1 (standard of scalability = 0.60). Based on the effectiveness test in the cognitive domain, from 24 students, 20 of them were completing at the average percentage of 84.44 while 4 students were not. In the psychomotor domain, it was categorized as very good with students obtaining an average grade of 97.29 for each indicator. Therefore, this module is very good to use for learning especially in internasional schools. The research ﬁndings show give evidence to the teachers to continuously make innovation and it can also be used as a reference to develop modules on other topics.KEPRAKTISAN DAN KEEFEKTIFAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BILINGUALBERBASIS KOMPUTERPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepraktisan dan efektivitas dari modul pembelajaran bilingual berbasis komputer pada pokok bahasan perangkat lunak pengolah kata di SD Negeri Percobaan Padang. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan sudah sangat praktis dengan nilai Kr = 1 karena di atas syarat kepraktisan 0,90. Hal ini dipertegas dalam uji skalabilitas dimana koeﬁsien skalabilitas atau Ks = 1, angka ini juga sudah memenuhi syarat yakni di atas 0,60. Dari uji efektivitas pada ranah kognitif dari 24orang siswa terdapat 20 siswa yang tuntas dengan persentase rata-rata 84,44. Untuk ranah psikomotor dikategorikan sangat baik dengan angka rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa pada setiap indikatornya yaitu 97,29. Dengan demikian, modul ini sangat baik digunakan dalam pembelajaran khususnya pada sekolah bertaraf internasional. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran kepada guru-guru untuk selalu melakukan inovasi dan dapat digunakan guru sebagai acuan untuk pengembangan modul pada pokok bahasan lainnya
THE EVALUATION INSTRUMENT OF ANALYTICAL THINKING AND SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL IN CHEMISTRY SUBJECT
Authors: Laksono Endang W. , Rohaeti Eli , Suyanta - , Irwanto -
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at developing and describing the feasibility of analytical thinking and science process skill instrument for Senior High School chemistry in the material of reaction rates. The study was conducted in five senior high schools in Yogyakarta. The instrument development used the 4-D model including defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Analytical Thinking and Science Process Skill (ATSPS) instrument was validated by expert judgement and chemistry teachers. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative methods. Findings show that evaluation of the the developed ATSPS instrument has a validity index of 0.95. Product evaluation of the instrument done by the Senior High School chemistry teachers obtained a score of 530 within the good category. The percentage of teachers’ responses to the chemistry assessment instrument is 88.33%. Therefore, ATSPS instrument is feasible to be used for measuring the knowledge and skills of the Senior High School students integrativelyINSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANALITIS DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS KIMIAPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui kelayakan instrumen penilaian kemampuan berpikir analitis dan keterampilan proses sains kimia peserta didik SMA/MA pada materi laju reaksi. Penelitian dilakukan di lima SMA/MA di Kota Yogyakarta. Pengembangan instrumen menggunakan model 4-D (Four-D Model) yang meliputi tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran produk. Instrumen Analytical Thinking and Science Process Skill (ATSPS) yang telah dikembangkan divalidasi oleh expert judgement dan guru kimia. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen ATSPS yang telah dikembangkan memiliki rata-rata indeks validitas isi sebesar 0,95. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian produk yang telah dilakukan oleh guru kimia SMA/MA diperoleh skor sebesar 530 dengan kategori sangat baik. Persentase respons guru terhadap instrumen penilaian kimia sebesar 88,33%. Oleh karena itu, instrumen penilaian kemampuan berpikir analitis dan keterampilan proses sains kimia layak digunakan untuk mengukur kompetensi pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta didik SMA/MA secara terintegrasi
DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIAL OF DIRECT PROPORTION BASED ON AGRICULTURAL CONTEXT
Authors: Apriyani Riya , Somakim - , Darmawijoyo -
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed at designing the valid and practical teaching material of direct proportion using PMRI agricultural contexts. PMRI is one of learning approaches that is able to support the quality of direct proportion learning in schools as well as to determine the potential effects on students’ problem-solving abilities. The study was research and development covering the stages of preliminary and formative study (self evaluation), expert review, one-to-one and small group), and field test. Expert Judgement was used to examine the validity of the teaching material while the small group test was used to examine the practicality of it. The subjects were the students of Grade VII Class A of State Junior High School 1, Air Kumbang. Findings show that the study has produced direct proportion learning material that is valid and practical. Besides validity and practicality, the material has potential effects as seen from the field test. It can be seen from the students’ classical achievement and improvement in problem solving skills to become 66.67%PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PERBANDINGAN SENILAI BERBASIS KONTEKS PERTANIANPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar perbandingan senilai yang valid dan praktis menggunakan konteks pertanian berbasis Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI). PMRI adalah salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran perbandingan senilai di sekolah dan untuk mengetahui efek potensial terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang meliputi tahapan preliminary dan formative study (self evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, dan small group) dan field test. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 1 Air Kumbang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik walk through, observasi, dan tes. Expert judgement dilakukan untuk menguji tingkat kevaliditasan sedangkan small group test dilakukan untuk menguji tingkat kepraktisan bahan ajar. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini telah menghasilkan bahan ajar perbandingan senilai yang valid dan praktis. Selain valid dan praktis, bahan ajar ini mempunyai efek potensial dilihat dari field test. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil yang diperoleh siswa secara klasikal memiliki peningkatan dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah baik yaitu menjadi 66,67%
THE CULTURECOMPONENTS OF EXCELLENT SCHOOL
Authors: AbdulJabar Cepi Safruddin
Published: July 2020

KOMPONEN BUDAYA SEKOLAH UNGGULAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen budaya sekolah unggul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Unit analisis dari penelitian ini adalah SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas Kepala Sekolah, guru, siswa, tenaga kependidikan, dan tenaga penunjang lainnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model 6 (enam) langkah model Cresswell yang meliputi mengoleksi data, menyiapkan analisis data, menelaah data, mengode data, serta membuat tema dan deskripsi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen budaya unggul yang teridentifikasi di SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta meliputi tiga hal. Pertama, nilai-nilai yang memandu aktivitas sekolah dan setiap individu yang terdiri atas: kerendahan hati dan kesederhanaan, hormat sesama dan kasih sayang; kejujuran; kedisiplinan; efisiensi dan produktivitas kerja; serta ketakwaan dan toleransi. Kedua, keyakinan yang berkembang di tengah-tengah warga sekolah yang meliputi keyakinan tentang prestasi dan keyakinan tentang disiplin. Ketiga, artefak budaya yang terdiri atas tugu teladan, slogan “Teladan Jayamahe!”, seragam sekolah, seragam sekolah siswa muslim, pahlawan, dan sejarah penting sekolah.Kata kunci: budaya, sekolah unggul , model CresswellAbstractThe study was aimed at identifying the components of the cultures of excellent schools. The study used a case-study research method. The subjects of the study consisted of the principal, teachers, students, and school staffof SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and document techniques. The data were analyzed using Cresswell’s six-step model of collecting data, preparing data analysis, reviewing data, coding data, and creating data themes and descriptions. The results show that three culture components of excellent school were identified as first, the values that guide the activities of the school and each individual consisting of humility and simplicity, respect of others and compassion, honesty, discipline, efficiency and productivity of work, and faith and tolerance. Second, growing belief around the school community consisting of beliefs about achievement and discipline. Third, cultural artifacts consisting of Tugu Teladan with the slogan “Teladan Jayamahe!”, school uniforms, moslem students’ school uniform, heroes, and important historical school events.Keywords: school culture, excellence school, Cresswell model
THE EFFECTS OF CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING-BASED LEARNING TOWARDS STUDENTS’ CREATIVITIES
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Senam Senam , Jumadi Jumadi , Wilujeng Insih
Published: July 2020

PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING TERHADAP KREATIVITAS SISWA SMPAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis creative problem solving (CPS) terhadap kemampuan kreatif siswa kelas VII SMP di Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi siswa kelas VII SMP di Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang masih menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 pada Semester 2 Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Sampel sebanyak tiga sekolah yang ditentukan berdasarkan stratified cluster random sampling, yakni SMP Negeri 1 Wonosari untuk sekolah kategori tinggi, SMP Negeri 1 Semin untuk sekolah kategori sedang, dan SMP Negeri 1 Paliyan untuk sekolah kategori rendah. Penentuan kelas eksperimen dan kontrol pada masing-masing sekolah dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Kelas eksperimen diberikan perlakuan pembelajaran dengan model berbasis CPS dan kelas kontrol diberikan perlakuan pembelajaran dengan model discovery learning. Variabel Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan kreativitas adalah tes uraian terbuka. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t sample independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang positif pembelajaran IPA berbasis CPS terhadap kemampuan kreativitas siswa.Kata kunci: creative problem solving, discovery learning,kreativitasAbstractThis study was aimed at analyzing the effects of creative problem solving-based learning on the creative abilitIES of seventh-grade students in Gunungkidul. The study used a quasi experimental method with the population of seventh-grade students of the junior high school in Gunungkidul Regency that applied Curriculum 2013 in Semester 2 of the Academic Year 2015/2016. The samples were determined by stratified cluster random sampling including SMP Negeri 1 Wonosari for the high school category, SMP Negeri 1 Semin for the medium school category, and SMP Negeri 1 Paliyan for the low school category. The determination of the experiment and control class in each school was done by cluster random sampling technique. The experimental classeswere given treatment using creative problem solving-based learning while the control classes were given treatment using the discovery learning model. The instrument was an open-ended test used to measure the creativity level of the students. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that there was a positive effect of creative problem solving-based learning on students’ creative abilities.Keywords: creative problem solving, discovery learning,students’ creativity
IMPROVING MATHEMATICAL WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH THINK-TALK-WRITE STRATEGY
Authors: Supandi Supandi , Rosvitasari Dani Nur , Kusumaningsih Widya
Published: July 2020

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI TERTULIS MATEMATIS MELALUI STRATEGI THINK-TALK-WRITEAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis siswa pada materi geometri. Indikator dari kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis adalah written text, drawing, dan mathematic expression. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu strategi Think-Talk-Write (TTW). Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII A, VIII D, dan IX G SMP Negeri 8 Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes tertulis. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah soal tes tertulis, penskoran tes tertulis dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketuntasan siswa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan strategi TTW telah mencapai 83%, dengan nilai n-gain kelas eksperimen meningkat lebih besar dibanding di kelas kontrol. Hasil tersebut diperkuat dengan rata-rata perolehan skor kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran TTW mampu meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis.Kata kunci: komunikasi tertulis, komunikasi matematis, Think-Talk-Write (TTW)AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the improvement of students’ written mathematical communication skills on geometry material. The indicators of written mathematical abilitiesarewritten texts, drawing, and mathematic expressions. The learning process used theThink-Talk-Write (TTW) strategy. The sample of the study includedthe students of class VIII A, VIII D, and IX G of SMP Negeri 8 Semarang of the Academic Year 2016/2017. Thestudy useda pretest-posttest control group design. The data were collected using observation and a written test. The research instruments were a written test, written-test scores, and questionnaires. The results show that the percentage of students’ completeness in the experimental class using the TTW strategy reaches 83%, with the n-gain of the experimental class higher than that in the control class. The results are reinforced by the score average of students’ written communication skills which is higher than the control class. The TTW learning strategy is able to improve the ability of mathematical written communication.Keywords: written communication, mathematical communication, Think-Talk-Write (TTW)