bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE BETWEEN JUMPING TAKEOFF AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF FEMALE FIGURE SKATERS
Authors: Yordanova Tatiana
Published: December 2020

Jump Elements in figure skating are an integral part of motor activity. One of the conditions for their good performance is great height and length. Criteria for this are the indicators of speed and power qualities. The aim of this research work is to analyze the relationship between anthropometric indicators and those for jumping takeoff of young female figure skaters of the basic level of training. Seventeen female skaters aged 10-14 years old (prepuberty) from ice skating clubs in Bulgaria voluntarily participated in the study. The age of the participants was 10 to 14 years old, which is considered favorable for the development of speed and strength abilities. They were subjected twice to 8 anthropometric measurements and 5 different types of takeoff, conducted in office conditions. To achieve the goal of the survey, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of data in specialized scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, anthropometric research methods and methods of mathematical statistics for processing the results of the study. The results showed significant intragroup dependences for the anthropometric and biomechanical parameters for all types of jumps takeoff in the first study and a decrease in the correlation coefficients in the second measurement. The maximum force in all types of jumps increases with increasing indicators of height, weight, length of the lower limbs, chest circumference, shoulder width, while the width of the pelvis does not affect the strength of the takeoff. The height of the jumps with the help of the arms depends on the width of the shoulders – r = .497, and for vertical jump with the hands on the hips – r = .664.
STUDIES ON A PARADOX IN THE WORK OF THE UPPER LIMBS IN ISOMETRIC STRETCHING
Authors: Ranchev Sergey , Ivanov Ivan , Iotov Ivan , Stoytchev Stoyan
Published: December 2020

Stretching is a common activity used by athletes, elderly, rehabilitation patients, people involved in fitness programs and many others. In isometric stretching an elongation in the linear dimensions of the kinematic chain of the upper limbs is observed. The aim of this study is to show the importance of intra­articular processes as response of isometric stretching force, аs well as to mark the basic factors which define the joint answer to stretching, describing experimental data, relative to these factors. The present work has a programmatic character in terms of the directions in which the answer to the laid aims should be sought. The main focus is on the biomechanical processes in the joints involved in the obtained kinematic chain extension.
Improving forestry secondary education: Identifying teachers’ needs
Authors: Rubenstein Eric , Copenheaver Carolyn A. , Peake Jason B.
Published: December 2020

Industrial, technological, and societal changes require teachers to be continually engaged in professional learning activities that promote new scientific approaches to education and content. Providing teachers with current and relevant professional development is an important task in secondary education. This study sought to identify the professional development needs for educators who teach forestry and forest ecosystem content to secondary students. Researchers used the Delphi method with two participant groups to investigate the diversity of thought held throughout the southeastern United States. Participants were agriculture and environmental science teachers, state department of education administrators, foresters, and environmental scientists. Participants identified eleven areas of educational need: 1. Forestry career days, 2. Tree diseases and pathogens, 3. Graduation requirements limit student opportunities to take electives, 4. Career counseling in forestry jobs, 5. Educate students about degrees needed for forestry careers, 6. Over commitment of students to extra-curricular activities, 7. Lack of foundational forestry knowledge, 8. Lack of forestry /agriculture programs in schools, 9. Develop forestry electives in middle school, 10. Lack of foundational forest management knowledge, and 11. Connect classroom content to FFA and Envirothon extra-curricular activities.
Pátečníci v kresbě
Authors: Bílek Jan
Published: December 2020

The article deals with depictions of a looser private group associated with the writer Karel Čapek (1895–1938). The company as a group was captured in three drawings by the artist and writer Adolf Hoffmeister (1902–1973), which he dated to 1927. The public is most familiar with the drawing called Pátečníci [Friday Men], best visually representing the topic. The artist also made other drawings associated with the Friday Men.
New socio-cultural reality of Ukraine and the world: Features and future prospects
Authors: Shostak Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article describes the phenomenon of identity and its manifestations in a globalized world. It attempts to determine the features of the search for cultural archetypes in the context of the regional specifics of the world and Ukrainian realities in particular. The study emphasizes the deep role of culture in modern modernization processes. The main elements of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the coordinates of the new socio-cultural reality are analyzed. The role and importance of the ruling class in carrying out socio-cultural transformations are especially emphasized.
Future positive changes in the country are possible on the basis of a deep and systematic study of the peculiarities of its mental traditions. Issues of identity become decisive. Socio-cultural reality of Ukraine seems to be a mosaic combination of different elements of its own and world civilization systems. It is time to consistently and purposefully bring order and sequence to all spheres of society. A significant role in this is played by the political elite, which should become the one in its professional and moral characteristics. The transition to a mature democracy is possible only on the basis of culture and responsibility.
To the problem of comprehending symbolic violence in screen discourse
Authors: Chmil Hanna
Published: December 2020

The article proposes conceptual approaches to the characterizing of mass culture (T. Adorno, M. Horkheimer, J. Baudrillard) including its critique in postmodern cultural thought and considers the advantages of reorienting the research paradigm from the binary opposition of elitist – mass to immersion in the principles of art-activism (B. Groys) on the example of feminist screen study. The author attempts to combine P. Bourdieu's concept of habitus with the emancipatory ideas of gender research to expand the understanding of the problem of symbolic violence. It has been found that some members of the feminist tradition emphasized the family, mostly the husband or the dominant partner, to be the main source of violence. Nowadays, it is obvious that symbolic violence is not concentrated in the family but is scattered in culture (i.e. beauty standards, body shape, etc.). Accordingly, new cultural demands arising as a resistance to certain manifestations of symbolic violence direct/guide to the need for rational construction of one's own project of self.
The Prospects of Policies Integration on Zakat and Tax in Indonesia to Overcome the Economics Problem due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Setianingrum Any , Huda Nurul , Santosa Perdana Wahyu
Published: December 2020

Previous research, regarding the prospect of zakat policy as a tax credit, was conducted using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, using expert respondents. To obtain findings from respondents with different backgrounds, to make it more comprehensive, this research was continued by using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method, by filling in a questionnaire, as many as 235 respondents from all over Indonesia were random. The research objective is to determine the variables that affect the preferences and participation of muzaki and taxpayers, willing to pay taxes and zakat, increase public finances, which can be used as a solution to the sharp decline in aggregate economic supply and expenditure in Indonesia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the regulatory variables, zakat incentives as tax credits, technology-based services, socialization and promotion have a significant effect on the preferences of muzaki and taxpayers. Meanwhile, regulatory variables, zakat incentives as tax credits, socialization and promotion have a significant effect on muzaki and taxpayer participation. Meanwhile, technology services and preferences in this study do not have a significant effect on the participation of muzaki and taxpayers. When all sectors of the commercial economy experience a decline or stagnate, the government must be able to move the philanthropic sector, so that the economy continues to run, aggregate demand and supply continues to run, and people's purchasing power is maintained, especially for low-income people.
Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Production: Evidence from Nepal
Authors:   Pokhara University, Nepal, Devkota Niranjan , Paija Nirash ,   Nepal Academy of Tourism and Hotel Management
Published: December 2020

This study assesses the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between paddy yields and climate variables, particularly maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall, using time-series data from 1971 to 2014 in Nepal. Applying Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Regression or ARDL bounds testing approach for analysis of co-integration between the variables, we confirm that there is a long-run relationship among the variables. Furthermore, we employ Granger non-causality tests for robustness. The findings reveal that rainfall has substantial effects on the rice yield. Specifically, a positive and significant relationship exists between rice yields and rainfall and that this relationship is unidirectional. Rainfall impacts on rice yield and holding all things constant, a 1 mm increase in rainfall increases rice yields by 0.65 percent. Given the effects of temperature on rice crops and increasing climate change vulnerabilities, agricultural scientists should focus on research and development of temperature tolerant rice varieties in the production of rice yields.
Spanyolország, Madrid: turizmus és biztonság?!
Authors: Tokodi Panna
Published: December 2020

A turizmus a világ minden jelenségéhez kapcsolódik, világméretű társadalmi jelenséggé vált. A turisztikai desztináció biztonsági helyzete hangsúlyos tényező egy utazási döntés meghozatalakor, mivel az a turizmus komplex rendszerének köztudottan fontos alapja. A turista felelős azért, hogy minden releváns információval rendelkezzen a felkeresni szándékozott úti célt illetően, a felkeresett úti cél pedig, hogy megadja azt. Azonban a világban zajló események nemcsak a turistákat, hanem a rendészeti szerveket is kihívás elé állítják. A tanulmány célja, hogy röviden bemutassa Spanyolország, különös tekintettel Madrid turizmusbiztonsági helyzetét, melyet a madridi magyar konzulhelyettessel készített helyszíni interjúm és az ott töltött hetek tapasztalatai egészítenek ki. Be kívánom bizonyítani, hogy a tanulmányomban leírt negatív körülmények ellenére, úgy, mint a tüntetések, zavargások, kommunikációs nehézségek és egyéb turistákat érintő problémák, Spanyolország turizmusának volumene töretlen.
PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO ACUTE PERIANAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS TREATMENT DEPENDING ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Garmanova T. N. , Markaryan D. R. , Kazachenko E. A. , Tsar'kov P. V.
Published: December 2020

Aim: to investigate the time period and reasons for seeing a doctor of patients with acute thrombosis and to assess treatment satisfaction.

Methods: The main complaints, symptom duration, pain severity and pathological process characteristics of patients with acute perianal venous thrombosis were recorded. The treatment strategy was determined by the doctor and the patient: the surgical thrombosed hemorrhoid removal or conservative treatment with analgesics, venotonics, drugs for stool softening. Pain severity on days 3, 7, 30 and overall satisfactions on day 30 were evaluated.

Results: 62 patients were included. The main symptoms were pain (69.4%) and discomfort (16.1%). During the first 72 hours from the disease onset 21.5% of patients saw a doctor and 66.7% of all patients underwent the surgery, on day 4–7 — 50% saw a doctor and 77% underwent the surgery, > 8 days — 28.5% and 33% respectively. During the appointment pain was 4 points according to VAS, 3 days after surgery — 5.9 points, 4–7 days — 3.9 points, > 8 days — 2.5 points. 64% of patients underwent the surgery with average pain level of 5 points, in the conservative group — of 4.5 points (p = 0.014). On day 30 80.6% of all patients were completely satisfied. Having the pain severity > 4points nobody was satisfied with conservative treatment, while 80% of surgical patients were satisfied.

Conclusion: Considering the symptom duration, pain continuing > 3 days, perianal discomfort ora «bump» the treatment tactics should be accepted by the doctor and the patient together for achieving a high treatment satisfaction.
CLINICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE THROMBOSIS OF THE EXTERNAL HEMORRHOID NODE IN RELATION TO A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN ITS TREATMENT
Authors: Shchegolev A. I. , Sokolova A. A. , Trunin E. M. , Begishev O. B. , Sigua B. V. , Gainullina R. F.
Published: December 2020

Acute thrombosis of the external hemorrhoid node is one of the common manifestations of hemorrhoids and a frequent reason for seeking specialized medical care. Despite existing prospective studies proving the effectiveness of operative treatment, there is no clear position in determining the indications, timing and methods of surgery, nor the combination of the latter with conservative therapy.The article formulated and described the original clinical-morphological classification of acute thrombosis of the external hemorrhoid node based on the data of its ultrasound examination (ultrasound). Effectiveness of various methods of treating acute thrombobosis of external hemorrhoid node, carried out on the basis of proposed classification, is evaluated.Purpose of the study. Improving treatment outcomes for patients with acute thrombosis of the external hemorrhoid node.Results. Ultrasound types of thrombosis of external hemorrhoidal node are revealed:

– mononuclear (in ultrasound, it is a single thrombus or a dense, intimately soldered group of thrombotic masses of an an- or isoechogenic structure with untested swelling of the skin and subcutaneous fat (PWD), from 10 mm or more in size);

– polynuclear (clusters of thrombotic masses of an- or isoechogenic structure up to 10 mm in size, located at a short distance from each other, with moderate swelling of the skin and subcutaneous fat);

– edema (during sonography, multiple small, up to 2–3 mm, anechogenic thrombotic masses are visualized against the background of pronounced edema of subcutaneous fat fiber and skin).

Effectiveness of various methods of treating patients with acute thrombosis of external hemorrhoid node in groups formed on the basis of proposed classification is evaluated. It has been found that in patients with edematous sonographic type of thrombosis, it is more advisable to apply only conservative therapy or carry out surgical treatment after completion of taking diosmin-containing preparations. Such tactics reduced the duration of treatment and reduced pain syndrome. In patients with a mononuclear type of thrombosis of the external hemorrhoidal node, a similar result was noted during surgery and the beginning of conservative therapy on the day of circulation.Conclusion. Application of ultrasound diagnostics allows establishing the type of hemorrhoid node thrombosis and using the obtained data when choosing treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to treating this category of patients, based on the proposed classification, allows improving the treatment results of patients with acute thrombosis of the external hemorrhoid node.
The Formation of Saturn’s and Jupiter’s Electron Radiation Belts by Magnetospheric Electric Fields
Authors: Hao Yi-Xin , Sun Yi-Xin , Roussos Elias , Liu Ying , Kollmann Peter , Yuan Chong-Jing , Krupp Norbert , Paranicas Chris , Zhou Xu-Zhi , Murakami Go , Kita Hajime , Zong Qiu-Gang
Published: December 2020

The existence of planetary radiation belts with relativistic electron components means that powerful acceleration mechanisms are operating within their volume. Mechanisms that bring charged particles planetward toward stronger magnetic fields can cause their heating. On the basis that electron fluxes in Saturn’s radiation belts are enhanced over discrete energy intervals, previous studies have suggested that rapid inward plasma flows may be controlling the production of their most energetic electrons. However, rapid plasma inflows languish in the planet’s inner magnetosphere, and they are not spatially appealing as a mechanism to form the belts. Here we show that slow, global-scale flows resulting from transient noon-to-midnight electric fields successfully explain the discretized flux spectra at quasi- and fully relativistic energies, and that they are ultimately responsible for the bulk of the highest energy electrons trapped at Saturn. This finding is surprising, given that plasma flows at Saturn are dominated by the planetary rotation; these weak electric field perturbations were previously considered impactful only over a very narrow electron energy range where the magnetic drifts of electrons cancel out with corotation. We also find quantitative evidence that ultrarelativistic electrons in Jupiter's radiation belts are accelerated by the same mechanism. Given that similar processes at Earth drive a less efficient electron transport compared to Saturn and Jupiter, the conclusion is emerging that global-scale electric fields can provide powerful relativistic electron acceleration, especially at strongly magnetized and fast-rotating astrophysical objects.
Beating Cancer by 2030: Mission Impossible?
Authors: Cassetta Luca , Rodrigues Pedro , Andreu Toni , Botta Bruno , Brandau Sven , Brierley Chrissie , Wilson Clive , Dadeshidze Inga , Forzi Lucia , Ortelli Federica , Quintas Mafalda
Published: December 2020

Cancer has been for many years the second leading cause of mortality right after cardiovascular diseases, representing 25% of all the deaths reported yearly and this tendency is expected to increase. Although the recent public health emergency caused by COVID-19 pandemic diverted much of the attention of policy makers, the public opinion and even researchers from other important, economical relevant and deadly diseases, cancer still remains as one of the major healthcare issues. Moreover, recent studies revealed the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the increase of avoidable cancer-related deaths. It is then the perfect time to bring back the spotlight onto the topic of cancer.

The aim of this paper is to share the outcomes of the workshop organized by the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Association, bringing together sixty participants representing a broad variety of stakeholders, to discuss a holistic approach on how to beat cancer by 2030.

The conclusions of this workshop are highly relevant for the community and are supporting the work being undertaken by the EU Mission Board on Cancer. This report lays down the main conclusions and recommendations agreed by the workshop participants, focusing on different aspects such as better stakeholder collaboration, citizen education, innovative therapies, and patient-centric care.
Complete controllability for a class of fractional evolution equations with uncertainty
Authors: Son Nguyen Thi Kim , Dong Nguyen Phuong , Son Le Hoang , Khastan Alireza , Long Hoang Viet
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the complete controllability for a class of fractional evolution equations with a common type of fuzzy uncertainty. By using Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem in complete semilinear metric space, we give some sufficient conditions of the controllability for the fuzzy fractional evolution equations without involving the compactness of strongly continuous semigroup and the perturbation function. In addition, the controllable problem is considered in a subspace of fuzzy numbers in which the gH-differences always exist, that guarantees the satisfaction of hypotheses of the problem. An application example related to electrical circuit is given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
SUSTAINABILITY OF OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS OF TRENDING TOPICS AND THEMES
Authors: Wuni Ibrahim Yahaya , Shen Geoffrey Qiping , Osei-Kyei Robert
Published: December 2020

Off-site construction (OSC) involves the fabrication and assembly of building components in a purpose-built factory which are then transported to the job site for final installation. OSC has proven to be a greener construction approach, spurring research towards benchmarking the sustainable attributes of the technique. However, a quantitative statistical analysis of studies on OSC sustainability and a framework of the knowledge domain are not well-established. Drawing on 642 bibliographic records from Scopus, this paper conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on the sustainability of OSC from 1971 to 2019. The findings show that research publications on OSC sustainability only witnessed steady growth since 2000. A geospatial analysis revealed that at least 32% of countries are involved in the OSC sustainability research, of which the United States, China, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada make the greatest contributions. The hot topics in the contemporary OSC sustainability research were identified as embodied carbon, embodied energy, construction waste, post-occupancy evaluation, resources conservation, and recycling, and cost savings. The paper identified areas that require further research. Thus, the paper offers an all-embracing understanding of the core research themes, trends, and patterns on OSC sustainability to stakeholders.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE BASED ON POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhu Chuanqi , de Wilde Pieter , Shi Jiaxin , Yin Baoquan
Published: December 2020

Global sensitivity analysis based on polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) shows interesting characteristics, including reduced simulation runs for computer models and high interpretability of sensitivity results. This paper explores these features of the PCE-based sensitivity analysis using an office building as a case study with the EnergyPlus simulation program. The results indicate that the predictive performance of PCE models is closely correlated with the stability of the sensitivity index, depending on sample number and expansion degree. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully assess model accuracy of PCE models and evaluate convergence of the sensitivity index when using PCE-based sensitivity analysis. It is also found that more simulation runs of building energy models are required for a higher expansion degree of the PCE model to obtain a reliable sensitivity index. A bootstrap technique with a random sample can be used to construct confidence intervals for sensitivity indicators in building energy assessment to provide robust sensitivity rankings.
Franceline Ribard (1851-1886), première ophtalmologue de France : de l’École de médecine de Nantes à la mission Paul Bert au Tonkin
Authors: Aussel Michel
Published: December 2020

Franceline Ribard (1851-1886) est la seconde Française à devenir médecin et la première ophtalmologue. Elle fait ses études de médecine à Nantes, où l’Université l’accueille sans obstacle, alors que Madeleine Brès, qui l’avait précédée dans cette voie à Paris, avait dû mener un combat acharné. Pourtant Nantes ne s’est guère enorgueilli d’avoir été la première École de médecine de province à accepter une femme. L’historiographie féministe, elle non plus, n’a pas retenu le destin exceptionnel de cette mère de famille, qui n’hésita pas à transgresser tous les codes et usages qui s’imposaient alors aux femmes. Elle exerce la médecine quelques années à Nantes, puis s’expatrie en Égypte après le décès de son mari. Elle y exerce la médecine un an environ, et revient en France dans un grand dénuement. À Paris, elle renoue avec des professeurs qu’elle avait connus pendant son année de thèse et qui la soutiennent. Grâce à l’entremise de Paul Bert, une mission temporaire comme ophtalmologue dans les écoles de la Ville de Paris lui est confiée. Quand il est nommé Résident Général de l’Annam et du Tonkin, Paul Bert lui propose un poste de médecin de la mission. À Huê, elle s’apprêtait à opérer la Reine-mère, dont l’approche était un enjeu politique, quand elle meurt brutalement de dysenterie.
Solliciter la donnée historique pour mieux comprendre les catastrophes
Authors: Vincent Johan , Sauzeau Thierry , Surville Frédéric , Poirier Clément , Kaczmarek Laurent
Published: December 2020

Depuis les années 2000, les historiens ont pleinement investi l’objet catastrophe, parfois avec la collaboration d’autres disciplines. L’association entre les sciences humaines et les sciences de l’ingénieur n’avait pas eu lieu jusqu’alors. Un événement exceptionnel a été choisi ici : la submersion marine de 1785 à La Rochelle qui s’avère, après analyse des premières données, atteindre un niveau marin supérieur à celui de la tempête Xynthia en 2010. Elle est connue notamment par les rapports de deux chroniqueurs météorologues rochelais. Une critique des sources ainsi que la constitution d'une base de données relationnelle ont été nécessaires pour cette étude. Le phénomène se révèle atypique à la lecture de la description qui en est fournie par Pierre Henri Seignette et Jacob Lambertz, et des mécanismes naturels pourraient avoir été impliqués. La caractérisation de l’événement de submersion implique toutefois la connaissance de la bathymétrie (profondeur d’eau) de la rade de La Rochelle, ce qui pose un certain nombre de problèmes. Faute d’éléments véritablement tangibles, seules des hypothèses sur l'origine de la catastrophe de 1785 peuvent pour l'instant être formulées.
Wilhelm Röpke, l’autre Hayek
Authors: Solchany Jean
Published: December 2020

Aux côtés de Friedrich Hayek, et avant que Milton Friedman n’imprime son empreinte à partir des années I960, l’économiste allemand Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966), installé à Genève après avoir fui le nazisme, a été l’autre grand fondateur du néolibéralisme. Exploitant de nombreuses archives, cet ouvrage recourt aux outils de l’histoire intellectuelle et transnationale pour proposer une autre lecture d’un phénomène trop souvent encore réduit à ses manifestations les plus contemporaines et les plus anglo-saxonnes, alors qu’il plonge ses racines dans la crise des années 1930 et prend forme en Suisse au lendemain immédiat de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Loin de l’érudition et de l’anecdote, par-delà le souci de redonner son importance à une figure étonnamment délaissée par les chercheurs, la biographie est ici une démarche de contextualisation visant à expliquer le succès d’un intellectuel autant sociologue qu’économiste.

Incontournable en Suisse et en Allemagne, très lié aux nouveaux conservateurs américains, pourfendeur du « collectivisme » sous toutes ses formes, préoccupé du sort de l’Amérique latine et de l’Afrique, publiant dans toutes les langues, Wilhelm Röpke a incarné la variante néolibérale de l’intellectuel engagé. Au-delà de la dénonciation du keynésianisme, de l’interventionnisme et de l’Etat providence, ses écrits et ses réseaux permettent de cerner le néolibéralisme comme un regard global sur le monde, comme une philosophie politique et sociale ambivalente dans son rapporté la modernité, comme une mobilisation de combat et d’influence à l’échelle occidentale. L’écho rencontré par Wilhelm Röpke illustre la renaissance des idées libérales et conservatrices dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle et le rôle majeur joué dans leur fermentation et leur diffusion par les intellectuels émigrés d’origine germanique.
Les avatars du non-alignement
Authors: Boquérat Gilles
Published: December 2020

En axant la politique extérieure sur le non-alignement et en optant pour un développement autocentré qui traduisait une grande méfiance à l’égard du capital étranger, l’Inde de Nehru laissa clairement entendre une volonté de s’affranchir des interventions extérieures quant à la déter­mination de ses orientations politiques. Un nationalisme ombrageux qui dut s’accommoder d’un recours croissant à l’aide étrangère, nécessité par des difficultés économiques ou des besoins militaires.

L’évocation des motivations qui animèrent les États-Unis et l’Union Soviétique dans leurs politiques d’aide à un pays dont l’importance géo­stratégique, les ressources humaines et naturelles représentaient un enjeu important de la guerre froide, et les réactions que ces motivations suscitèrent en Inde, figurent au centre de cette étude et permettent de cerner les facteurs sur lesquels les dirigeants indiens s’appuyèrent pour endiguer les menaces pesant sur l’indépendance nationale.
The murals of the Lotsawa Lhakhang in Henasku and of a few related monuments. A glimpse into the politico-religious situation of Ladakh in the 14th and 15th centuries
Authors: Martin Nils
Published: December 2020

The Lotsawa Lhakhang in Henasku, in the west of Ladakh, is a humble temple that has received little attention until now. Its murals, dated to the first decades of the 15th century, have suffered significant damage and therefore their analysis is greatly limited. The extant murals show an overall primary Drigung Kagyu affiliation, in a period of great turmoil for this school in Western Tibet. They were painted in a local style that departed from the reference to the Eastern Indian tradition and embraced the motifs of the Nepalese tradition. The indepth study of these murals further enables their attribution to a particular master-painter and their correlation with a limited ensemble of murals in Alchi, Saspol, and Phiyang, whence the political and religious situation of Ladakh during the 14th and 15th centuries is questioned.
Data Structures in XQuery
Authors: Holstege Mary
Published: December 2020

Complex algorithms need data structures that can be “updated”updated effectively. Here are some techniques and tips for using XQuery 3.1 maps for that purpose.
Dramatización de cuentos para la práctica de valores morales en el nivel inicial, Chaglla – 2019
Authors: Sotil-Cortavarría Wilfredo A.
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la investigación científica es divulgar sus resultados ante un público determinado; gracias a ello se puede conocer lo que propone el estudio en cuestión y lo que se busca alcanzar con sus resultados. Proponerlo a la consideración del público es, en resumidas cuentas, determinar las metas a las que se aspira llegar mediante la exploración. En ese sentido, toda investigación que se presenta es de naturaleza documental y, por tanto, publicable. El propósito de este artículo es identificar patrones de formulación de los objetivos, y, por medio de ello, busca mostrar a los estudiantes que ellos también pueden preparar manuscritos que tengan posibilidades de ser aceptados para su publicación y de ser perfectamente entendidos por los lectores. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo obtendrá su verdadera importancia, en la medida en que sea tomado como una guía por aquellos profesionales que deseen publicar sus estudios en diferentes revistas nacionales e internacionales.
O ser humano no transumanismo: elementos ético-antropológicos para um diálogo com a proposta cristã
Authors: De Barros Coelho Neto Luiz Maria , Fernandes Rafael Martins
Published: December 2020

Os avanços científicos das pesquisas em biotecnologias somados aos avanços da Inteligência Artificial (AI) estão projetando cenários futuros nunca antes vistos pela história da humanidade. Surge o movimento transumanista que propõe o homem como autor e interventor da sua própria evolução. O projeto pós-humano é a meta do transumanismo procurando o bem estar e o melhoramento (enchancement) da espécie humana. Abrem-se diante deste cenário as discussões éticas, antropológicas, filosóficas e também teológicas sobre a moralidade de tais transformações, sobre o que é o ser humano, qual sua natureza e para onde se pretende chegar com o projeto pós-humano. O presente artigo elenca algumas definições e distinções básicas entre as propostas do transumanismo e da terapia, considerações sociais do melhoramento, o risco de uma nova eugenia e finalmente vai propor uma leitura da realidade em questão a partir da teologia cristã que também possui uma proposta de futuro para o ser humano, a partir da vida exemplar de Jesus de Nazaré.
O Reino de Deus e seus destinatários, em uma Igreja pobre para os pobres
Authors: Manzatto Antonio , Landgraf Robert
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo demonstra a centralidade do Reino de Deus na pregação de Jesus analisando os destinatários privilegiados desse anúncio. Ao mesmo tempo reflete sobre a missão da Igreja no anúncio do Reino. Posto isto, refletimos sobre a Igreja pobre e para os pobres a partir do Concílio Vaticano II, bem como o compromisso dos bispos da América Latina em assumir a opção pelos pobres em Medellín e nas demais Conferências episcopais do continente. Por fim, estudamos o regate da centralidade do anúncio do Reino de Deus, bem como seus privilegiados, os pobres, e o resgate de uma Igreja pobre para os pobres na Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium do Papa Francisco.
Mc 10,46-52: Bartimeu, de mendigo em Jericó a discípulo
Authors: Gonzaga Waldecir , Miranda Bruno Guimarães de
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda o episódio da cura do cego Bartimeu, e pretende reconhecê-lo como um relato vocacional, na medida em que Bartimeu, a partir do chamado de Jesus, deixa não apenas de ser cego, conforme havia pedido, mas também deixa de ser mendigo, passando a seguir Jesus no caminho, como discípulo. O artigo destaca também a importante participação dos transeuntes, que no início repreendiam o cego para que se calasse, mas depois do chamado de Jesus motivam Bartimeu a ir-lhe ao encontro com palavras de estímulo. Por fim, ressalta-se ainda o irônico contraste entre o pedido do filho de Timeu, que é atendido prontamente por Jesus, e o pedido do relato imediatamente anterior, dos filhos de Zebedeu, ao qual Jesus não atende.
A justiça no Novo Testamento
Authors: Lacerda Bruno Amaro
Published: December 2020

No Novo Testamento, o termo “δικαιοσύνη/justiça” designa uma “δύναμις/potência” de Deus, revelada por meio da ação salvífica de Jesus Cristo. A “δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ/justiça de Deus” pode ser atribuída ao homem que crê e pratica boas ações como um dom, libertando-o da sujeição do pecado. A Lei mosaica, vista pelos judeus como o cânon de uma justiça irrepreensível, é reinterpretada por Jesus como a norma que preparou o advento dessa nova justiça baseada não em proibições e obrigações, mas na pureza de coração e no amor a Deus e ao próximo. A esperança de ser justificado é doravante aberta a todos que, pela fé, cumprem a vontade amorosa e imparcial do Senhor.
Общественное участие в процессе делимитации избирательных округов
Authors: Grishin Nikolai V.
Published: December 2020

В статье представлено исследование институтов и форм общественного участия в процессах принятия решений по делимитации избирательных округов. Общественное участие позволяет вывести процесс принятия решения о границах избирательных округов за рамки политической элиты. Исследование выполнено на методологической основе современной теории общественного участия. Выявлено, что единственным примером «реальных полномочий» общественности в процессе делимитации избирательных округов в современном мире является наделение общественности в Австралии правом формулировать первоначальные предложения по определению границ избирательных округов. Основной формой общественного участия являются консультации, формат которых не позволяет классифицировать их как «символическое участие». Временные рамки процедур общественного участия (от 6 дней в России до более чем 1 года в Великобритании и Индии) являются фактором, существенно влияющим на силу общественного воздействия.
Döner Diskli Memede Disk Konum Açısı ve İlerleme Hızının Hacimsel Dağılım Düzgünlüğüne Etkisi
Authors: SAYINCI Bahadır , ÇÖMLEK Ruçhan , BOYDAŞ Mustafa Gökalp , DEMİR Bünyamin
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, düşük hacimli pestisit uygulamalarında
kullanılan döner diskli memede disk konum açısı (0º ve 30º), ilerleme
hızı (0.4 ve 1.2 m s-1) ve memeler arası mesafe (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0,
1.1 ve 1.2 m) faktörlerinin hacimsel dağılım düzgünlüğüne olan
etkisini incelemek ve optimum işletme parametrelerini belirlemektir.
Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen püskürtme uygulamalarında
doğrusal hareketli bir püskürtme simülatörü kullanılmıştır. Döner
diskin devir sayısı 7000 min-1 ve püskürtme yüksekliği 40 cm olarak
ayarlanmıştır. Püskürtme sıvısına 1 g l-1 konsantrasyonda Tartrazine
karıştırılmıştır. Uygulamalar 30 l ha-1 norm değerinde yapılmıştır.
Örnekleme için 35 mm çaplı petri kutusu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre tüm uygulamalarda püskürtme paterni asimetrik
görünümde oluşmuştur. 0° ve 30°’lik disk konum açıları için en düşük
varyasyon katsayısı (CV) 0.4 m s-1 ilerleme hızında ve 0.7-0.9 m meme
aralığında elde edilmiştir. 1.2 m s-1 ilerleme hızında belirlenen CV
ortalamaları 0.4 m s-1 hıza göre daha yüksektir. Ancak disk konum
açısı 30º olduğunda 1.2 m s-1 ilerleme hızında elde edilen CV
ortalamaları 0º’lik konum açısına göre kısmen iyileşmiştir.
Sultansuyu Tarım İşletmesi Süt Sığırcılığı Faaliyetlerinde Girdi ve Maliyetlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: YIĞMATEPE Veysel Kaya , ÖZGÜVEN Mehmet Metin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, asıl kuruluş amacı damızlık hayvan ve tohum üretimi
olarak 2 kısım altında toplanabilecek TİGEM’in Malatya ilinde
bulunan Sultansuyu Tarım İşletmesi Müdürlüğü’nün hayvancılık
şubesi süt sığırcılığı bölümünün girdi ve maliyetlerinin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. 2011-2015 yılları arası gerçek üretim şartlarında süt
sığırcılığı faaliyetine ilişkin muhasebe ve işletme kayıtları
kullanılmıştır. 2011-2015 yılları arası ortalaması olarak çalışma
sonuçları, işletmenin masraf unsurları arasında toplam maliyet
%59.6 ile yem masrafları, %19.34 ile teknik eleman ve işçi masrafları,
%11.16 ile amortisman giderleri, %6.14 ile diğer giderlerin ve ilaç
giderlerinin %3.76’yı oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gelir
kaynaklarının ise; %41.76’lık kısmının süt gelirleri, %29.52 ile
damızlık ve reforme gelirleri, %20.02 ile çağ farkı gelirleri, %8.56 ile
gübre gelirleri ve 0.1 ile sığır derisinden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir.
Evaluation of Normalization Techniques on Neural Networks for the Prediction of 305-Day Milk Yield
Authors: AKILLI Asli , ATIL Hulya
Published: December 2020

In this study, the impact of data preprocessing on the prediction
of 305-day milk yield using neural networks were investigated
with regard to the effect of different normalization techniques.
Eight normalization techniques “Z-Score, Min-Max, D-Min-Max,
Median, Sigmoid, Decimal Scaling, Median and MAD, TanhEstimators"
and five different back propagation algorithms
“Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR),
Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Conjugate Gradient Back
propagation with Powell-Beale Restarts (CGB) and Brayde
Fletcher Gold Farlo Shanno Quasi Newton Back propagation
(BFG)” were examined and tested comparatively for the
analysis. Neural network architecture was optimized and tested
with several experiments. Results of the analysis show that
applying different normalization techniques affect the
performance and the distribution of outputs influences the
learning process of the neural network. The magnitude of the
effects varied with the type of back propagation algorithms,
activation functions, and network's architectural structure.
According to the results of the analysis, the most successful
performance value in the 305-day milk yield estimation was
obtained by using the neural network structured by using the
Decimal Scaling normalization technique with the Bayesian
Regulation algorithm (R2Adj = 0.8181, RMSE= 0.0068, MAPE=
160.42 for test set; R2Adj =0.8141, RMSE= 0.0067, MAPE= 114.12
for validation set).
Karaman İli Süt Sığırcılık İşletmelerinin Mekanizasyon Özellikleri
Authors: KAYA Abdullah , HACISEFEROĞULLARI Haydar
Published: December 2020

Karaman İlinde süt sığırcılığı yapan 110 tarım işletmesi tesadüfi
örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Bu işletmelerden elde edilen
birincil veriler çalışmanın temel materyalini oluşturmuştur.
Araştırma sonucunda, işletme başına 1.44 adet traktör düştüğü,
ortalama traktör yaşının 16 yıl olduğu ve 25 yıl üstü traktörlerin
oranının ise %25.3 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde toplam 1 040
adet ve 29 farklı tarım makinesi olduğu, traktör başına düşen makine
sayısının 6.58 adet, traktör başına düşen makine kütlesinin 6.4 ton,
ayrıca işletme başına düşen alet-makine sayısının ise 9.45 adet
olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin %12.7’sinde gübre temizliğinde
otomatik sıyırıcıların kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin
%41.3’ünde çift sıralı paralel sağım sistemi bulunduğu, %22’sinin
sürü yönetim programını kullandığı, %39’unda sütölçer bulunmadığı,
işletmelerin %51.2’sinde ise 8 saat ve üzeri sürede teknik servis
hizmetinin alındığı tespit edilmiştir.
Midyat/Mardin ve Beşiri/Batman İlçelerinde Satışa Sunulan Bazı Kuru Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: UZUN Tuba , HALLAÇ Bülent , ALTIN Ayşe , KAYA Gülcan
Published: December 2020

Çalışmada, Mardin ili Midyat ilçesi ve Batman ili Beşiri ilçesindeki
halka açık satış noktalarından rastgele satın alınan kuru üzüm
örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Kuru üzüm üretimini bizzat kendi
yetiştirdikleri Bineteti, Kerküş, Zeyti ve Mazruna üzüm
çeşitlerinden potasa eriği kullanılmadan doğal olarak güneşte
kurutarak elde etmişlerdir. Bineteti çeşidinde Midyat’tan iki ve
Beşiri’den üç örnek; Kerküş çeşidinde Midyat’tan üç ve Beşiri’den iki
örnek; Zeyti çeşidinde Midyat’tan dört ve Beşiri’den üç örnek;
Mazruna çeşidinde Midyat’tan bir ve Beşiri’den bir örnek olmak
üzere toplam 19 numunede fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler yapılmış ve
çeşitler kendi aralarında karşılaştırılmıştır. Kuru üzüm
örneklerinde fiziksel analizlerinden 100 tane ağırlığı, 100 g’daki tane
sayısı, ortalama tane eni, ortalama tane boyu, ortalama çekirdek
sayısı, ortalama çekirdek ağırlığı, tane kabuk rengi, Kroma değeri
(∆C) ve hue açısı parametrelerine bakılmıştır. Kimyasal analizlerden
ise pH, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM), olgunluk indisi,
su miktarı, kül miktarı, özgül ağırlık ve toplam asitlik
parametrelerine bakılmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan gözlemler ve elde
edilen bulgulara ışığında, Türk Gıda Kodeksinin yatay mevzuat
hükümlerine uyulmadığı, uygun depolama ve pazarlama
koşullarının sağlanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, en kısa
zamanda Türk Gıda Kodeksi kuru üzüm üretimi ve pazarlaması için
dikey gıda kodeksi oluşturulmalı ve tebliğe uygun kontroller titizlikle
sağlanmalıdır.
Driving System Shifts for Climate Resilience: Case Studies of Transformative Adaptation in Bhutan, Ethiopia, and Costa Rica
Authors: Ferdinand Tyler , Tye Stefanie , Gebregziabher Dawit , Suberi Bhagat , Carter Rebecca
Published: December 2020

This working paper examines case studies of three communities in Bhutan, Ethiopia, and Costa Rica that are already experiencing severe impacts of climate change. These case studies explore the incremental and transformative adaptation measures they have adopted or will need to in the future. They focus on challenges that include water scarcity, degraded landscapes, and failing crop production. The paper also identifies the drivers of transformative adaptation as well as gaps in these communities’ transformative pathways to long-term resilience. Based on findings from community focus group discussions, expert interviews, and project documents, the authors provide a series of recommendations to inform policies and practices on how governments, adaptation funders, researchers and practitioners can support communities across the world to build long-term climate resilience at scale.
The Principle of the Primacy of EU Law in Light of the Case Law of the Constitutional Courts of Italy, Germany, France, and Austria
Authors: Traser Julianna Sára , Béres Nóra , Marinkás György , Pék Erzsébet
Published: December 2020

This article examines the relationship among national constitutions, constitutional courts, and the primacy of Community Law in connection with four Member States (Germany, France, Italy, and Austria). It starts with the question of whether national constitutions contain a European Union (EU) clause and explicitly provide for the primacy of Community Law. It examines whether any constitutional restriction or reservation has been elaborated in the case law of constitutional courts, and the extent to which the constitutional courts examined can exercise control indirectly over cases of conformity of EU legislative acts with constitutions or cases of misuse of powers (ultra vires acts). The constitutions examined can be considered uniform in that they contain references to the individual Member States’ relationships with the EU and create the possibility of restricting their competence or sovereignty. However, they do not declare the principle of the primacy of Community Law. As a consequence, the constitutional courts of Member States play a key role in the interpretation of the principle of the primacy of Community Law, including the formulation of constitutional requirements and counterbalances in connection with the enforcement of the principle. A reference to constitutional identity appears in the case law of recent decades, the elements of which are elaborated on and filled with more or less specific content by the constitutional courts on a case-by-case basis. In the event of a possible violation of constitutional identity or principles with unconditional effectiveness, some constitutional courts exclude the possibility of Community Law being invoked against the constitution of a Member State, but at least on a case-by-case basis, they maintain the possibility of inapplicability or of creating compatibility. In the latter respect, the article also addresses the limited nature of the powers of constitutional courts to examine the compatibility of EU Treaties and their amendments with the constitution of a Member State (see ex-ante or ex-post review, procedural or substantive examination).
Extradition In Criminal Justice System Related To Foreign Jurisdiction
Authors: Maringka Jan Samuel
Published: December 2020

On extradition law in Indonesia is based from the fact that since the adoption of the Act in 1979, there have been fundamental changes in the criminal procedure ode in Indonesia, namely the enactment of Law No. 8 of 1981 on Criminal Proceedings and has the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Politics Rights (International Convention on Civil and political Rights, abbreviated as ICCPR) under Law No. 12 of 2005 which requires Indonesia to immediately adjust its positive legal provisions in accordance with the principles set out in the ICCPR. Considering the purpose of extradition implementation as an effort to support law enforcement process and related to examination process in extradition case which is not different from the stages of case handling process as regulated in criminal procedure law, it is necessary to affirm the concept of extradition as an integral part of the enforcement process law so that the principle of due process can be implemented consequently in the process of extradition implementation.