bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN INTERACTIVE METHODS OF DISTANCE LEARNING AND THEIR ROLE IN SPECIALIST PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION
Authors: Alpatova Oksana
Published: November 2022

Modern interactive methods of distance learning and their role in specialist professional competence formation are considered. In modern conditions the role and place of distant learning forms and the use of modern information innovative technologies keep on growing. In electronic learning different methods of educational information provide can be used: from traditional printed editions to the most modern computer technologies ( radio,TV, audio and video broadcasting, audio conferences, e-learning, Internet conferences, Internet broadcasting ). Today distant learning is one of the key directions in renewal of all links in educational system of Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors: Astakhova Larysa
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the peculiarities of development of professional competencies of future teachers of Natural Sciences. The concept of "competence approach" is explained. Some aspects of value-based and motivational, cognitive, activity-based and axiological components of professional competence are analyzed.
MODERN FEATURES OF BANK CREDIT SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sus Lesia
Published: November 2022

The agricultural sector occupies a significant share in the Ukrainian economy, which is why the author analyzes the role of the bank credit market in providing agricultural enterprises with financial resources. Relying on theoretical and methodological research, two groups of factors have been singled out that generate the specifics of lending to farmers. The current state of capital investment financing through bank lending is presented. Interest rates on bank loans and volumes of lending to agricultural enterprises are considered. The rating of the largest creditors of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is formed. The dependence of gross value added on the volume of agricultural lending has been studied. The state regulation of specialized banks in order to create the most favorable conditions for lending to agricultural enterprises is substantiated.
THREATS AND PROSPECTS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF UKRAINE'S BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Sus Yurii
Published: November 2022

The share of the largest banks is growing in Ukraine. Since 2016, Ukraine's banking system has been similar in terms of concentration to Belgium, Denmark and Spain. An ambiguous influence on the level of competition and on the efficiency of the largest banks is exerted by a significant share of the state in the banking system.

It is established that the size of the profitability of the banking system of Ukraine largely depends on the level of concentration and has a sufficient degree of closeness. At the same time, net income in the banking system of Ukraine strongly depends on the level of concentration of net assets in banking.

It is proposed that state regulatory measures for the concentration of bank capital should be aimed at creating a competitive environment. It is expedient for Ukraine to take into account and implement the experience of the EU and other developed countries, which takes into account the existence of various forms of competition. Competition policy options take into account the need to address mergers and acquisitions of banks.
The Impact of Mind Mapping on Modeling Instruction in Topic of Life Organization System to Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Zainul Mustofa
Published: November 2022

Mastering the basic concepts of life organization systems is one of the main goals of learning science at the junior high school level. This study has the main objective to find out how the influence of mind mapping in learning modeling instruction on the topic of life organization systems on conceptual understanding. This research is an experimental- research with a posttest-only control group design. The population of this research is the seventh-grade students of SMP Al Munawwariyyah Malang. Sample selection using a purposive sampling technique. The research subjects consisted of 30 control class students and 34 experimental class students. The research was carried out in class VII SMP Al Munawwariyyah, Malang in the academic year 2021/2022. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control classes with a significance of <0.05 (2-tailed). The average concept understanding of the experimental class students was 66.8> 58.0 better than the average concept understanding of the control class. Based on the calculation of the effect size obtained a value of 0.64 (enough category) which indicates that mind mapping has a positive enough effect on students' understanding of concepts in modeling instruction learning. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of mind mapping in more detail on different topics or subjects.
Examining the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic for regional integration in Africa
Authors: Atta Francis Kwabena
Published: November 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has had effect on all facets of human life. Regional integration is no exception. Meanwhile, regional integration has been largely held as one of the most feasible avenues for developing countries to achieve prosperity. This paper examines why African states took decisions that were in violation of regional integration protocols when faced with the covid-19 scourge. Four policy briefs about the effects of the covid-19 pandemic on regional integration in Africa were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. The findings were interpreted through the lens of a rationalist actor choice model. The study found that state actors in Africa took decisions that broke regional integration protocols. These decisions were the result of severe limitations imposed by the pandemic against the desire of actors to maximise interests. The findings contradict a popular view expressed by the authors of the policy briefs who appeared to portray deliberate actions on the part of state actors to impose border closures and trade restrictions. The pandemic has unveiled a reality in the risk of overrating how far states can go in their search for integration. States as rational actors will always choose survival over loyalty. State actors would need to exercise more caution in their commitment to regional integration regimes.
Integrating riddles as instructional resource in the Competency-Based Curriculum for Early Years Education in Kenya
Authors: Mokaya Gloria Kemunto , Kebaya Charles
Published: November 2022

The introduction of the Competency-based curriculum in Kenya has had far-reaching changes in the teaching and learning of basic education in Kenya today. Teachers, are for instance, required to adopt innovative methods of content delivery in order to enhance learners’ mastery of the content. Such innovative practices have seen teachers deploy various locally available materials as instructional resources in their classrooms. While riddles have multiple functions to play in society, this paper analyses benefits that learners will obtain in using riddles as instructional resources in Early Years Education in Kenya. Primary data for analysis was obtained from a field study conducted among learners in purposively sampled primary schools in Manga sub-county, Nyamira County. Pre-observation interviews, lesson observation and post-observation interviews were used in data collection. Thus, the authors examine various competency-based skills embedded in riddles such as creative and critical thinking skills, cognitive skills, numeracy skills, collaborative skills, and environmental awareness skills. The article concludes that riddles enhance learners’ competencies and therefore there is need to embrace them as instructional resources in Early Years Education in Kenya.
No longer green: Female characters of African descent as sex workers in Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon (1995)
Authors: Makokha Gloria Ajami , Muhia Mugo , Obura Oluoch
Published: November 2022

This article explores the potentialities of diaspora as conveniently structured to demonstrate the emancipatory potential of migration for women in Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon (1995). Sex and sexual intercourse between men and women in the African societies that are fictionalised in these texts are not only an issue about morality, but also about how morality is governed and policed within these societies. While the societies in these texts hope to derive their integrity through women’s sexual purity, conflict arises when such communal integrity fails to recognise the individual circumstances of the female individuals upon whom such notions of purity rest. The question of what role sex and sexual practices play in upholding the honour of communities is a vexed one. While the societies that the texts explore here show less scrutiny on marital sex, regardless of whether it is consensual or forced, these societies occupy a judgmental pedestal on pre-marital and extra-marital sex. Harsher judgement, however, is reserved for individuals who engage in these practices for monetary gain. This textual analysis is informed by the postcolonial theory, as articulated by Homi Bhabha and his postulations on identity and ‘othering’.
Examining the challenges faced by head teachers on Social Justice Education in Dagoretti South Sub-County primary schools
Authors: Nanjowe Neddy Mundia , Mbogo Rosemary , Ireri Niceta
Published: November 2022

This study sought to examine challenges of social justice education (SJE) among primary school head teachers in Dagoretti South Sub-county. Consequently, the study sought to understand how head teachers translate these challenges to meaningful decisions. The study adopted a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. A target population of 132 schools (113 private and 19 public) was considered. A purposive sampling, through key informant sampling method was employed and 12 participants were selected based on specific school variables of interest to the study. Data was collected using interviews after which it was coded, analysed and summarized in themes with the aid of MAXQDA 2020 software. The findings showed that primary school head teachers faced a myriad of challenges related to SJE. Though they addressed the emerging issues, they showed elements of insufficiency due to the complexities compounded in the matter. There is no direct, simple and clear panacea to SJE challenges. Eliminating SJE issues is an ongoing struggle that requires joint efforts of many stakeholders. The authors recommend education stakeholders to adopt a collective SJE solution bargain that will provide lasting solutions to the problem. Further, the authors recommend a longitudinal study to explore the factors that contribute to the achievement of SJE in schools.
Exploration and practice of teaching mode of operating system course based on trinity concept
Authors:   Department of Soft Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China, Yang Lechan
Published: November 2022

The traditional classroom teaching mode is teacher-centered, emphasizing knowledge learning and neglecting ability improvement and quality cultivation. The teaching mode of the course based on the trinity concept emphasizes the teaching objectives, teaching concepts, teaching forms, teaching resources and teaching time, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing. Taking the operating system course as an example, we have explored the reform practice and discussion on the teaching mode of operating system course based on the trinity concept, and we have seen some good teaching effects.
Perception of the Policy of Soviet Russia in British Government Circles in November 1917 – August 1918 .
Authors: Romanova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2022

The problem of Anglo-Russian relations in the first months after the October revolution (and the question of the British perception of the Soviet government’s policy as one of its aspects) has been more than once studied by both Russian and foreign historians. However, it still deserves attention both because in the majority of works the period indicated was considered within a longer time span of the Allied intervention, being shadowed by the latter, and due to disagreements among scholars over which factors were fundamental in determining the British attitude towards Soviet Russia. The fact that the revolution in Russia broke out during the World War to a large extent determined London’s perception of the Soviet government’s policy, which was considered primarily from the point of view of its actual and potential influence on the course of the military confrontation with the Central Powers. Although British policy towards Soviet Russia lacked unanimity and consistency, some general trends can be discerned. In spite of the armistice and then the peace treaty between Russia and the Central Powers, until the summer of 1918 Britain did not deny the possibility of military and economic cooperation with Soviet Russia on the anti-German basis. The growing perception of the Bolsheviks weakness in summer 1918, the apprehension of the prospect of their complete subordination to the German influence or a pro-German coup in Russia, along with other factors, determined a clear anti-Soviet turn in the British policy.
"Tax reconstruction" in tax legal relations.
Authors: Farkhutdinov Ruslan Damirovich
Published: November 2022

The relevance of annual legal changes and the novelty of the application of such norms and definitions in tax legal relations, which are absent in law, predetermines the need to study such a scientific phenomenon as "tax reconstruction". The purpose of the study is regulators that allow protecting the interests of taxpayers by identifying the limits of the impact of public law on the subjects of such legal relations. The methodology was the application of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a conceptual approach to achieving a reasonable balance of public and private interests in tax relations. The scope of application is the methodology for protecting the interests and rights of taxpayers in tax legal relations, despite the fact that regulators for the protection of public interest are defined. The results will make it possible to apply regulators to protect the interests of taxpayers during in-house and on-site tax audits, practically clarify and understand the application of local documents of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, develop legal steps in the course of protecting rights and interests during control measures. Recommendations and proposals drawn up in the form of a conclusion will allow taxpayers – legal entities in particular, to develop a strategy and a line of legal protection in the course of conducting in-house and on-site tax audits against them. We believe it is correct to apply in legal regulation not only the norms but also the principles of law, both general and sectoral.
Modern trends in the development of small businesses taxing
Authors: Tikhonova Anna Vital'evna , Borisov Oleg Igorevich , Nazarova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to assessing the role and determining the directions of improving the efficiency of the tax administration system in order to develop the activities of small and medium-sized businesses and the development of individual entrepreneurial initiative in the Russian Federation as priorities of the national economy. The study includes two parts: the first is devoted to the identification of modern trends in the tax administration of small businesses, the second - the directions of their development. The research methodology includes general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, method of comparison, generalization, analysis of dynamic series, graphical method of data representation and visualization. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive development of proposals to improve a number of mechanisms and tools for tax administration of small businesses, ensuring the effective implementation of state policy in the field of small and medium-sized business development, contributing to the activation of individual entrepreneurial initiative. The scope of application of the research' results: The Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, other interested public authorities and management bodies can use the results of the study in determining ways to develop tax administration in the Russian Federation in terms of stimulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses.
Responsibilities of Organizations in the Field of Emergency Protection
Authors: Chakalova Marina Spiridonovna
Published: November 2022

From the content of Federal Law No. 68-FZ "On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies", it is difficult to draw an unambiguous conclusion about which organizations are concerned with article 14 of this law, which establishes the responsibilities of organizations: all or only those whose categories are considered in it. The powers of organizations in the field of protecting the population from emergencies should differ and depend on whether they function in an emergency, whether they are part of a unified state system for preventing and eliminating emergencies, whether they pose a danger to the environment, whether it is about protecting the organization of the population or only its employees. It is proposed to supplement the law under consideration with Article 14.1 "Obligations of organizations to protect employees from emergencies", which establishes obligations for organizations not classified in the categories considered by the federal law: training of employees; notifying them of the threat of an emergency or the occurrence of an emergency; conducting emergency.
Ideomaterial Polysystems and Politics
Authors: Sukharev Mikhail
Published: November 2022

The subject of the study is the interaction of the ideal and material components of political, cultural and socio-economic processes influencing them in large socio-economic systems such as religions, sciences, ethnic groups, regions and states. The concept of social ideo-material polysystems (SMPS) is proposed. IMPS are holistic systems that include social, cultural and economic components that make up a complex society. A feature of such systems is that some of the elements of these systems are material, and some are ideal. A polysystem is a supersystem consisting of fuzzy irregularly interacting ideo-material systems (IMS). It is substantiated that IMPS, consisting of people, artifacts and biological organisms, form integrity due to the system of ideas that unites them. It is the systems of ideas that give meaning to social IMPS, uniting communities, determining their behavior and direction of development. Approaches to the quantitative study of ideal subsystems of IMSI are proposed. Methods: use of systemic, holistic, evolutionary and informational approaches. The highest type of IMSI are civilizations, the most complex known systems in the Universe. A feature of such systems is that some of the elements of these systems are material, and some are ideal. IMS, consisting of people, artifacts and, in some cases, animals and plants, form integrity due to the system of ideas that unites them. These ideal systems manage social IMS, unite communities, determine their behavior and direction of development. IMS are very diverse: they can be scientific communities in which science brings together scientists, scientific instruments, theory, texts, social institutions, buildings; these can be religions in which the scripture unites priests, parishioners, temples, sacred texts and attributes. The complex of ideas on which these systems are based is of a holistic character. Conclusions: The proposed concept of ideo-material polysystems can be used to deepen the study of political systems.
Horror Quests as a Promising Method of Tactical and Special Training of Cadets of the Department of Internal Affairs
Authors: Karimov Al'bert Amirovich
Published: November 2022

The object of the study is tactical and special training as a basic element of professional training of employees of internal affairs bodies. The subject of the study is horror quests as a promising direction of psychophysical training. The purpose of the work is to study horror quests as a promising direction for the introduction and adaptation of tactical, special and psychophysical training of law enforcement officers. The set goal determines the objectives of the study, namely: 1. To reveal the role of psychophysical training in the system of tactical and special training of law enforcement officers, as well as its impact on overall professional fitness; 2. To consider the history, content and essence of horror quests as one of the most popular types of modern leisure; 3. To evaluate the possibility of adapting the concept of horror quests into the process of tactical, special and psychophysical training of police officers, as well as to consider ways of practical implementation of such adaptation.The scientific novelty lies in the justification of the application of the horror quest methodology in the psychophysical training of police officers.
První pokusy o inovativní přístup k péči o rizikovou mládež v USA
Authors:   Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Hessová Lenka
Published: November 2022

As part of a historical review of inspiring models of work with at-risk youth, the study deals with two institutions that were founded in the US in the first half of the nineteenth century. In the introduction, the society's attitude towards at-risk youth in the US at the beginning of the 19th century is outlined. The second part focuses on the New York House of Refuge, especially in the period 1824–1826, when Joseph Curtis was its manager. The third part looks at the Boston House of Reformation, when E.M.P. Wells managed the institution. Thanks to enlightened leadership, both institutions at the time represented the first tentative attempts to work with at-risk youth in the USA "differently", i.e. not resorting only to repressive measures. At the end of the study, the elements that made both projects exceptional at the time are summarized. In the case of the two presented institutions, the innovative efforts stood and fell with the personality of their managers. The change in management caused a return to the policy of punishment and retribution in relation to at-risk youth, and the facility unfortunately slipped back into the label of "dreaded institution". Nevertheless, Curtis and Wells' courageous work inspired other reformers who continued with their attempts to work with at-risk youth "differently."
Brown adipocytes local response to thyroid hormone is required for adaptive thermogenesis in adult male mice
Authors: Zekri Yanis , Guyot Romain , Suñer Inés Garteizgogeascoa , Canaple Laurence , Stein Amandine Gautier , Petit Justine Vily , Aubert Denise , Richard Sabine , Flamant Frédéric , Gauthier Karine
Published: November 2022

Thyroid hormone (T3) and its nuclear receptors (TR) are important regulators of energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis, notably through their action in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, T3 acts in many other peripheral and central tissues which are also involved in energy expenditure. The general picture of how T3 regulates BAT thermogenesis is currently not fully established, notably due to the absence of extensive omics analyses and the lack of specific mice model. Here, we first used transcriptome and cistrome analyses to establish the list of T3/TR direct target genes in brown adipocytes. We then developed a novel model of transgenic mice, in which T3 signaling is specifically suppressed in brown adipocytes at adult stage. We addressed the capacity of these mice to mount a thermogenic response when challenged by either a cold exposure or a high-fat diet, and analyzed the associated changes in BAT transcriptome. We conclude that T3 plays a crucial role in the thermogenic response of the BAT, controlling the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and regulating BAT proliferation. The resulting picture provides an unprecedented view on the pathways by which T3 activates energy expenditure through an efficient adaptive thermogenesis in the BAT.
OPERAS-PL development strategy for local open scholarly communication
Authors: Wnuk Magdalena , Świetlik Marta
Published: November 2022

OPERAS is a European consortium-based research infrastructure for the social sciences and humanities (SSH). It has been established as an non-commercial initiative aimed at transforming the European research area of scholarly communication and therefore it is targeted at researchers, librarians, publishers and infrastructure providers in over a dozen of European countries. This rich and diverse group of stakeholders is the key to OPERAS’s success. The proposed poster will discuss this leading idea on the example of the OPERAS-PL – the Polish national node of the infrastructure.
Maintenance of infrastructures, or simply speaking: digital tools and services facilitating scholarly communication, is certainly one of the biggest challenges from the economic point of view (Edmond, 2020). However, the other challenging aspect is actually making truly useful, used and vivid tools, adjusting to stakeholders’ needs and fulfilling them (Anderson, 2013; van Zundert, 2012). One of OPERAS’s strategic plans for this to happen is the network of national nodes established in each of the partner countries (Consortium OPERAS, 2022). The nodes’ primary goal is to disseminate OPERAS services, attract users and involve new partners. However, their mission should be perceived wider. As national points of contact they actually may become the levers of the whole infrastructure’s development and perseverance – similarly to DARIAH-EU (the Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities) whose sustainability relies precisely on its scattered and bottom-up structure (Edmond, 2020). 
Our poster presents the development strategy for the Polish National Node OPERAS-PL, along with its mission, primary goals and milestones, targeted audiences, funding scheme, management methods and tools and risk mitigation. The strategy is analysed as a scalable model for similar initiatives which strive to enhance open scholarly practices in their respective communities. The poster builds on the recently launched project funded by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science and introduces two pilot research pursuits aiming at recognising the needs of the Polish SSH communities. The first pilot will study academic publishers’ needs in the field of open access. Through a design thinking technique we will recognise their needs and create a sustainability model for open access book publishing that will accomodate the specificity of Polish stakeholders. The second one will examine the potential of digital monographs as equivalent to traditional monographs in the Polish academic evaluation system. We will use our infrastructure for digital editions and adapt it to address the needs of book authors and publishers. The results of the pilots will be disseminated in the coming years at the Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing and other events.
Cerebral neurovascular alterations in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary fMRI study
Authors: Peng Zhaohui , Zhang Hong Tao , Wang Gang , Zhang Juntao , Qian Shaowen , Zhao Yajun , Zhang Ruijie , Wang Wei
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Cognitive impairment (CI) is very common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cerebral structural and functional abnormalities have been reported in cognitively impaired patients with COPD, and the neurovascular coupling changes are rarely investigated. To address this issue, arterial spin labeling (ASL) and resting-state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI techniques were used to determine whether any neurovascular changes in COPD patients.

Methods

Forty-five stable COPD patients and forty gender- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Furthermore, resting-state BOLD fMRI and ASL were acquired to calculate degree centrality (DC) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) respectively. The CBF-DC coupling and CBF/DC ratio were compared between the two groups.

Results

COPD patients showed abnormal CBF, DC and CBF/DC ratio in several regions. Moreover, lower CBF/DC ratio in the left lingual gyrus negatively correlated with naming scores, lower CBF/DC ratio in medial frontal cortex/temporal gyrus positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), visuospatial/executive and delayed recall scores.

Conclusion

These findings may provide new potential insights into neuropathogenesis of cognition decline in stable COPD patients.
Influence of Apical Cutting on Growth Parameters of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Two Agro-climatic Zones of Niger
Authors: Kéllou Kaka Kiari Boukar , Moussa Abdourazak Alio , Hamissou Illo Souley Mahaman , Boukar Mamadou Chetima Maina , Massaoudou Moussa , Sanoussi Atta , Yacoubou Bakasso , Ali Mahamane
Published: November 2022

Improving roselle yield and production, particularly in light of climate change and variability, remains challenging and constantly urges for the modification of agro-techniques. One such modification that has proven successful in boosting yield of many vegetable crops in recent years is the adaptation of the apex cutting technique, especially in unfavorable agro-climatic circumstances where traditional methods are not plausible. This study was to assess the effect of cutting the main stem apical bud on roselle growth parameters and determine the optimal stage of apex cutting. The experiment was conducted in a split plot experimental device in randomized blocks with four (4) repetitions at Tara/Gaya and Tarna/Maradi. Two factors were studied, six (6) roselle ecotypes and four (4) levels of apex cuttings viz. C0 (uncunt plants as a control); C1 (20 days after sowing (DAS)); C2 (30 DAS); and C3 (40 DAS). The findings showed that apex cutting significantly affected all the morphological parameters evaluated. Apex cutting significantly reduced the total plant height and the number of primary branches per plant. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in the diameter and the number of secondary branches per plant for the six ecotypes. Moreover, the optimal time-point for obtaining the best collar diameter and secondary branches per plant was found to be between cut 1 (20 DAS) and cut 2 (30 DAS).
Sanitary Investigation on Microbial and Heavy Metals of Grilled Fish Sold in the Night Street Market of Daloa (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Zébré Constant Arthur , Attien Paul Yao , Sina Haziz , Gome Marina , Konate Ibrahim , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: November 2022

The quality of food sold in the street is a major public health concern. This research was conducted to study the sanitary quality of grilled fish sold in the streets of three districts of Daloa. Seasoned and unseasoned grilled fish were collected in 3 districts of Daloa, namely Commerce, Soleil and Tazibouo. A total of 150 unseasoned and 150 seasoned grilled fish were collected and analyzed for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal flora. We also tested for the presence of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). The antibiotic resistance of S. aureus was also checked. The results showed that Enterobacteriaceae represented the highest level of microbial load in the samples of seasoned grilled fish from the 3 districts. Total coliform levels ranged from (7.05 ± 2.1) x 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/g to (4.1 ± 1.9) x 105 CFU/g and from 2.8 ± 3.3 x102 to 3.4 ± 2.1x103 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. The presence of heavy metals showed higher values in seasoned grilled fish than in unseasoned grilled fish. The highest values of heavy metals are Al (1.98±0.120 mg/kg), Pb (1.46±0.23 mg/kg), Cu (0.7±0.1 mg/kg), Hg (0.40±0.201 mg/kg) and Hg (0.9±0.201 mg/kg). The microbiological quality of both types of fish samples was unsatisfactory. The presence of S. aureus resistance was noticed with 80% resistance to vancomycin, lincomycin, gentamycin and erythromycin but all strains tested were sensitive to imipenem.
Effects of Thymoquinone and Cisplatin on C-MYC, KRAS, p53 and EGFR Gene Expression in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi , Demet Karaman Taşdemir , Sedat Ilhan , Ferudun Işik Ahmet
Published: November 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death.It is known that  genetic reasons in its etiology.Lung cancer has been shown to be associated with the EGFR,P53,KRAS and c-MYC genes.Thymoquinone is an antitumoral and antineoplastic bioactive substance procured from Nigella sativa plant.Cisplatin is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of lung cancer.Our study has been conducted to examine the effects of Tq and Cis on gene expressions on lung cancer cell lines.Potential effects of Tq and Cis on A549,HTB54, CRL5820 and BEAS2B cell lines and cell viability using MTT has been evaluated.Cell culture has been effectuated with RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS,1% antibiotic and DMEM(37°C, %5 CO2).Cells were cultured for 24 h in 96 well plates(2500/ml cells) 10% FBS RPMI appropriate medium.The cells have been exposured 100 μM Tq and 200 μM Cis for 4h under incubation conditions.DMSO has been used for negative control.RT PCR has been conducted using SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix(reference gene GAPDH).As a result, p53 gene suppression has been shown in lung adenocarcinoma with Tq and Cis and epidermoid carcinoma with Cis only.EGFR gene suppression has been shown in lung adenocarsinoma with Tq only and epidermoid carcinoma with Cis only.C-MYC gene suppression has been shown in lung adenocarsinoma with both substances(more at Tq).It has been shown that KRAS gene suppression does not occur in any cell line.In addition, it has been shown that no gene expression is suppressed after Tq and cis exposure in the mesothelioma cell line.
Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among Adolescents Before vs During COVID-19–Related School Closures in China
Authors: Qu Miao , Yang Kun , Cao Yujia , Wang Xue , Tan Shuping , Xiu Meihong , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: November 2022

This cohort study compares the psychological status of Chinese adolescents at school before the COVID-19 pandemic and at home during the pandemic to assess whether school attendance was associated with negative mental health outcomes.
Full-time Work Rates of Physicians With Physician Spouses vs Nonphysician Spouses in Japan
Authors: Miyawaki Atsushi
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study investigates the association of physician vs nonphysician spousal occupation with full-time work rates among married physicians.
Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Li Qinyuan , Zhou Qi , Florez Ivan D. , Mathew Joseph L. , Shang Lianhan , Zhang Guangli , Tian Xiaoyin , Fu Zhou , Liu Enmei , Luo Zhengxiu , Chen Yaolong
Published: November 2022

Importance

Short-course antibiotic therapy could enhance adherence and reduce adverse drug effects and costs. However, based on sparse evidence, most guidelines recommend a longer course of antibiotics for nonsevere childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objective

To determine whether a shorter course of antibiotics was noninferior to a longer course for childhood nonsevere CAP.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and 3 Chinese databases from inception to March 31, 2022, as well as clinical trial registries and Google.com.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials comparing a shorter- vs longer-course therapy using the same oral antibiotic for children with nonsevere CAP were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Random-effects models were used to pool the data, which were analyzed from April 15, 2022, to May 15, 2022. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to rate the quality of the evidence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Treatment failure, defined by persistence of pneumonia or the new appearance of any general danger signs of CAP (eg, lethargy, unconsciousness, seizures, or inability to drink), elevated temperature (>38 °C) after completion of treatment, change of antibiotic, hospitalization, death, missing more than 3 study drug doses, loss to follow-up, or withdrawal of informed consent.

Results

Nine randomized clinical trials including 11 143 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 98% of the participants were aged 2 to 59 months, and 58% were male. Eight studies with 10 662 patients reported treatment failure. Treatment failure occurred in 12.8% vs 12.6% of participants randomized to a shorter vs a longer course of antibiotics. High-quality evidence showed that a shorter course of oral antibiotic was noninferior to a longer course with respect to treatment failure for children with nonsevere CAP (risk ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92-1.11; risk difference, 0.00; 95% CI, –0.01 to 0.01; I2 = 0%). A 3-day course of antibiotic treatment was noninferior to a 5-day course for the outcome of treatment failure (risk ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91-1.12; I2 = 0%), and a 5-day course was noninferior to a 10-day course (risk ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.50-1.53; I2 = 0%). A shorter course of antibiotics was associated with fewer reports of gastroenteritis (risk ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.95) and lower caregiver absenteeism (incident rate ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.84).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this meta-analysis suggest that a shorter course of antibiotics was noninferior to a longer course in children aged 2 to 59 months with nonsevere CAP. Clinicians should consider prescribing a shorter course of antibiotics for the management of pediatric nonsevere CAP.
Hydrogel Microtumor Arrays to Evaluate Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Liu Yiling , Nemec Stephanie , Kopecky Chantal , Stenzel Martina H. , Kilian Kristopher A.
Published: November 2022

Nanoparticle drug formulations have many advantages for cancer therapy due to benefits in targeting selectivity, lack of systemic toxicity, and increased drug concentration in the tumor microenvironment after delivery. However, the promise of nanomedicine is limited by preclinical models that fail to accurately assess new drugs before entering human trials. In this work a new approach to testing nanomedicine using a microtumor array formed through hydrogel micropatterning is demonstrated. This technique allows partitioning of heterogeneous cell states within a geometric pattern—where boundary regions of curvature prime the stem cell‐like fraction—allowing to simultaneously probe drug uptake and efficacy in different cancer cell fractions with high reproducibility. Using melanoma cells of different metastatic potential, a relationship between stem fraction and nanoparticle uptake is discovered. Deformation cytometry reveals that the stem cell‐like population exhibits a more mechanically deformable cell membrane. Since the stem fraction in a tumor is implicated in drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis, the findings suggest that nanoparticle drug formulations are well suited for targeting this dangerous cell population in cancer therapy.
Conversion of Classical Light Emission from a Nanoparticle‐Strained WSe2 Monolayer into Quantum Light Emission via Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Xu David D. , Vong Albert F. , Lebedev Dmitry , Ananth Riddhi , Wong Alexa M. , Brown Paul T. , Hersam Mark C. , Mirkin Chad A. , Weiss Emily A.
Published: November 2022

Solid‐state single photon emitters (SPEs) within atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently attracted interest as scalable quantum light sources for quantum photonic technologies. Among TMDs, WSe2 monolayers (MLs) are promising for the deterministic fabrication and engineering of SPEs using local strain fields. The ability to reliably produce isolatable SPEs in WSe2 is currently impeded by the presence of numerous spectrally overlapping states that occur at strained locations. Here nanoparticle (NP) arrays with precisely defined positions and sizes are employed to deterministically create strain fields in WSe2 MLs, thus enabling the systematic investigation and control of SPE formation. Using this platform, electron beam irradiation at NP‐strained locations transforms spectrally overlapped sub‐bandgap emission states into isolatable, anti‐bunched quantum emitters. The dependence of the emission spectra of WSe2 MLs as a function of strain magnitude and exposure time to electron beam irradiation is quantified and provides insight into the mechanism for SPE production. Excitons selectively funnel through strongly coupled sub‐bandgap states introduced by electron beam irradiation, which suppresses spectrally overlapping emission pathways and leads to measurable anti‐bunched behavior. The findings provide a strategy to generate isolatable SPEs in 2D materials with a well‐defined energy range.
Laser Lift‐Off Technologies for Ultra‐Thin Emerging Electronics: Mechanisms, Applications, and Progress
Authors: Wang Fangcheng , Liu Qiang , Xia Jianwen , Huang Mingqi , Wang Xuefan , Dai Wenxue , Zhang Guoping , Yu Daquan , Li Jinhui , Sun Rong
Published: November 2022

Due to the advantages of non‐contact processing, high efficiency, high precision, and superior controllability, laser lift‐off (LLO) technologies exhibit excellent material applicability and process compatibility in the lift‐off of ultra‐thin electronic devices. This brings new opportunities for large‐scale manufacturing of emerging electronics that meet ultra‐thin, fragile, and poor high‐temperature resistance. However, this opportunity also comes with formidable challenges from the complex mechanisms of laser‐matter interactions, which hinder comprehensive exploration and fundamental understanding. By elaborating the laser‐material interactions, the photothermal effect, “cold” processing, shockwave effect, and cavitation effect in LLO process from multiple perspectives, this review is devoted to discussing the latest progress and sustainable application of LLO technologies in emerging electronics that are developing toward ultra‐thin, miniaturization, and integration, such as wafer level packaging, displays, energy harvesters, sensors, and memories. Finally, starting from the fundamental principles of material design, light field regulation, and intelligent control system, the challenges and new approaches faced by LLO technologies are explored and fully integrated with future innovative manufacturing concepts and device structures.
Taking the Next Step—Model‐Based Analysis of Robust and Non‐Toxic Zn Catalysts for the Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactide in the Polymer Melt
Authors: Conen Niclas , Fuchs Martin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jupke Andreas
Published: November 2022

In the field of bioplastics, complete kinetic models are rare but needed for industrial scale‐up. Herein, a complete kinetic model is developed to describe the behavior of robust and nontoxic guanidine carboxy Zn complexes in the lab‐scale ring opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide, mimicking industrial melt polymerization in the presence of a co‐initiator. The model includes inter‐ and intramolecular transesterification and random chain scission, considering the single site activity of the studied catalyst class, based upon the “asme”‐ligand already established in lactide ROP. This allows for the description of reaction rate constants and the prediction of conversion as well as molar mass and dispersity of the obtained polymer. It is further shown that the model can be applied to describe the same characteristics for the faster, next generation catalysts based on the archetype “asme” catalyst. This lays the foundation for a faster catalyst design, targeting the needs of industry in developing fast and nontoxic alternatives for the industrially used toxic ROP catalyst Sn octanoate, bridging the gap between academia and industry.
Cilia‐Mediated Insulin/Akt and ST2/JNK Signaling Pathways Regulate the Recovery of Muscle Injury
Authors: Yamakawa Daishi , Tsuboi Junya , Kasahara Kousuke , Matsuda Chise , Nishimura Yuhei , Kodama Tatsuya , Katayama Naoyuki , Watanabe Masatoshi , Inagaki Masaki
Published: November 2022

Following injury, skeletal muscle regenerates but fatty tissue accumulation is seen in aged muscle or muscular dystrophies. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are key players in these events; however, the effect of primary cilia on FAPs remains unclear. Here, it is reported that genetic ablation of trichoplein (TCHP), a ciliary regulator, induces ciliary elongation on FAPs after injury, which promotes muscle regeneration while inhibiting adipogenesis. The defective adipogenic differentiation of FAPs is attributed to dysfunction of cilia‐dependent lipid raft dynamics, which is critical for insulin/Akt signaling. It is also found that interleukin (IL) 13 is substantially produced by intramuscular FAPs, which are upregulated by ciliary elongation and contribute to regeneration. Mechanistically, upon injury, long cilia excessively activate the IL33/ST2/JNK axis to enhance IL13 production, facilitating myoblast proliferation and M2 macrophage polarization. The results indicate that FAPs organize the regenerative responses to skeletal muscle injury via cilia‐mediated insulin/Akt and ST2/JNK signaling pathways.
Analysis of electrocardiograms in individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Stansauk Jessica , Fidell Andrea , Benke Tim , Schaffer Michael , Demarest Scott T.
Published: November 2022

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an epileptic encephalopathy associated with medically refractory epilepsy. We sought to determine whether prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) or other cardiac conduction abnormalities were seen in CDD in a clinical cohort. A cohort of individuals with CDD was evaluated in the Children's Hospital Colorado's International Foundation for CDKL5 Research designated Center of Excellence clinic with routine electrocardiograms obtained as part of routine clinical care. Retrospective review of electrocardiograms was completed. ECGs from 44 individuals (7 male, 37 female, age range 0–34.5 years) with pathogenic mutations and findings consistent with CDD were evaluated. Multiple ECGs were available from the 44 individuals obtained from 1996 to 2020. Prolonged QTc was found in two individuals (4.5%) and either resolved or was not confirmed on Holter monitor; no additional interventions were performed. A total of 11 individuals had echocardiograms for a variety of indications including unexplained tachycardia and ECG abnormalities; all were normal. Two individuals in the cohort died during the study with no abnormal findings on ECG. The incidence of prolonged QTc or other significant actionable cardiac abnormalities was rare in a cohort of individuals with CDD though was higher than the prevalence seen within the general population. Further studies in a larger, confirmatory cohort over a longer period are needed.