bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating non-profit intraorganizational Twitter use of UNICEF and MSF
Authors: Fortin Kimberley
Published: February 2022

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) have used Twitter as a platform to communicate with their stakeholders since its launch in 2006, yet numerous studies show that there is no consistent strategy among organizations on how they communicate on the platform (Java et al., 2009). While these studies showcase some strategies employed by non-profits on Twitter, there is a lack of research on how non-profit organizations (NPOs) communicate on Twitter across branches of their organization in different regions. This pilot study evaluates 163 Tweets across Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and UNICEF Twitter accounts in Canada and South Africa to determine how NPOs frame their communications content on Twitter. Through an analysis of functional and rhetorical framing, the study discovers that some NPOs have consistent strategies in functional and rhetorical framing, while others are inconsistent between intraorganizational channels on Twitter. The findings also showcase the importance of critically looking at previous

studies on NPO Twitter use, as studies that generalize how NPOs communicate on the platform may not match how NPOs communicate across their intraorganizational channels.
Who Achieved Covid-19 Success? A Comparative Analysis Of The Communication Styles, Rhetoric And Crisis Response Of Three Prime Ministers And What we Can Learn From The Leadership Of Australia, Canada And New Zealand
Authors: Campbell Gillian E.
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus crisis of 2020/21 has been the largest global crisis in living memory. By summer 2021, nearly 200,000,000 cases of COVID-19 had been reported worldwide and more than 4,000,000 people died (John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Centre, 2021). The governments of Australia and New Zealand, led by Prime Ministers Scott Morrison and Jacinda Ardern, implemented an early pandemic response that clearly communicated what the situation was and why it was crucial to act immediately, leading to a significantly reduced number of deaths and cases. In contrast, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was delayed in his initial response. His messaging was largely focused on offering financial support and incentives as opposed to adding context to the situation. This study aims to offer a preliminary understanding of the communication strategies and tactics that were used by the Australian and New Zealand government leaders to drastically reduce the number of COVID19 case counts and deaths in their countries.
Stimulating Global Competitiveness: An Economic Analysis of the Middle-Income Trap in The Philippines
Authors: Kalalang Ryan Joseph , Laorenza Eleonora Valentina , Canto Danielle Mellesse A.
Published: February 2022

The Philippines has been a lower-middle-income country for two decades since its entry into the bracket in 1996. Despite enjoying a steady growth rate, the Philippine economy is yet to break through the upper-middle-income bracket and is described to be stuck in the so-called Middle-Income Trap. The middle-income trap is a situation in which countries fail to adapt to the changes within their domestic market, and as a consequence, lose their global competitiveness. According to literature, active innovation and specialization are key factors in boosting global competitiveness and preventing the middle-income trap. In this paper, the researchers explored the determinants for exports and reviewed macroeconomic trends in the Philippines. Multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to examine the effects of education, research and development, business activities, and foreign direct investments on exports. The regression model indicated a positive relationship among exports and the variables education and research and development, while it was found that foreign direct investments demonstrated a negative relationship between exports. The researchers put forward the enrichment of competition by promoting active research and development of goods, the specialization of the labor force, and the deregulation of government policies to future studies and policy formation to alleviate the country from the middle-income trap.
Interior Design Production Plan Simulation Modeling with Dynamics System: A Case Study of PT. Panutan Sejati
Authors: Riyanto Atman , Santoso Sugeng
Published: February 2022

This research was to make interior design production planning more controlled and optimal. The simulation method was considered able to represent the dynamic form of the system and can find scenarios to solve the problems at PT Panutan Sejati. The qualitative research was at PT. Panutan Sejati models located at the Workshop: Jl. Kartini Health Center No. 113 Kalisari, East Jakarta from June to September 2021. The results showed that from the modeling designed based on existing conditions, in the design production planning at PT Panutan Sejati, the factors influencing production planning were: market demand and the production process. While the factors that affected profit were production costs, labor resource costs, overhead costs, commercial costs, and net revenue. It was necessary for improving the proposed system improvement to create and implement scenarios to fulfill effective and efficient production planning to get increased profits. The scenarios included adding workers and creating a design division. The scenario that gave optimal results in increasing profit was scenario 1. This scenario changed the parameter value of the workforce. Based on changes in labor parameters as a variable in the model, if the percentage of labor was set to 45%, then production costs would decrease every year. It was predicted to reach 21.40% and an increase in profit by 13%, with an average decrease in production costs until 2026.
Desarrollo de competencias técnicas en la práctica de la ingeniería en la revolución industrial 4.0
Authors: Ugalde Vicuña José William , Soto Chávez Luis Enrique
Published: February 2022

La industria 4.0 del siglo XXI necesitan egresados de Ingeniería con dominio de las competencias técnicas propias de la profesión, además, con la capacidad de aplicar las competencias blandas (genéricas) que demanda la sociedad. Diversas definiciones se tienen sobre competencias y sus tipos, sin embargo, cualquiera que sea la definición o clasificación que se tome, se evidencia la necesidad del desarrollo de competencias para dar respuesta a las demandas sociales actuales desde la innovación, la sostenibilidad y sustentabilidad. Para ello se realiza una investigación es de tipo documental-bibliográfica, con la finalidad de estudiar específicamente las competencias que se desarrollan en la práctica de la ingeniería en la revolución 4.0. Dentro de las competencias técnicas más importantes se establece la importancia de desarrollar la habilidad para generar soluciones que satisfagan necesidades específicas, considerando la salud pública, seguridad, bienestar, factores globales, culturales, sociales, ambientales y económicas para lo cual se requiere hacer un cambio en la formación de la ingeniería para que esté basada en una enseñanza innovadora, adecuada y adaptada a las nuevas tecnologías.
Rabbits as a biological model for experimental studies (review of literature)
Authors: Tkachuk О.М. , Tkachuk T.V.
Published: February 2022

The Aim of the Research. To analyse and summarize the data of modern literature on the use of rabbits for laboratory experimental studies and substantiate the prospects for their further use.

Materials and Methods. The analytical methods such as collection of scientific information on the problem, analysis of literature data from PubMed libraries as well as scientific generalization of the results obtained were used in the work.

Results and Conclusions. The principles of the prospects for the further use of rabbits for laboratory experimental studies have been substantiated. Thanks to certain scientific advances, ethical alternative scientific testing methods without the involvement of living beings have already been developed and implemented. Exactly these methods help to get more reliable results. If in some scientific research rabbits are no longer used, then in other directions on the contrary, every year the need to use these mammals for experimental studies increases. And there is a well-reasoned explanation for this. Currently, there is no alternative to using rabbits for the production of antibodies, recombinant proteins. Testing in laboratory animals is the best method for detecting phenomena such as cancer and birth defects. Genetically modified rabbits are a new perspective for scientific research. With the development of new technologies, editing the genome, especially CRISPR / Cas9 and its modifications, has made it possible with high efficiency to obtain a much larger number of transgenic animals with precisely specified genetic modifications for solving a wide variety of problems. The use of animals in experiments is critically important for some areas of scientific research because the complexity of the structure of an organism cannot be duplicated in cell culture or using computer models.

Key Words: rabbits, maintenance, testing on animals, human health.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO POR OMISSÃO NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Mafra Julia Soares , Vieira Schug da SIlva Maria Eduarda , Borgo Koch Schlickmann Rafaela
Published: February 2022

A temática do presente artigo está inserida no estudo da responsabilização civil da Administração Pública por omissões durante a crise pandêmica de Covid-19. O objetivo geral é identificar se há a possibilidade de o Estado ser responsabilizado pelos danos sociais causados por eventuais omissões de seus agentes no contexto de enfrentamento à pandemia de Covid-19, no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são: a) analisar o conceito jurídico da Responsabilidade Civil do Estado; b) identificar quais são os pressupostos e excludentes da Responsabilidade Civil do Estado; c) pesquisar sobre a Responsabilidade Civil do Estado por omissão e possíveis precedentes; d) analisar as contribuições da Comissão de Inquérito Parlamentar da Covid-19 para identificação das omissões. Como hipótese se tem que, considerando o dano social gerado em virtude das omissões na aquisição de vacinas e no incentivo a políticas públicas de prevenção e combate à Covid-19, há a possibilidade de responsabilização civil do Estado, contudo, desde que constatados os pressupostos de responsabilização nesse contexto. Nos resultados concluiu-se que, ao final das investigações realizadas pela Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito da Covid-19, que atualmente tramita no Senado Federal, caso evidenciadas omissões estatais ensejadoras de danos à sociedade brasileira, haverá a possibilidade de responsabilização do Estado por omissões no enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Responsabilidade Civil do Estado. Omissão. Covid-19.
ABSTRACT
The theme of this article is inserted in the study of civil liability of the Public Administration for omissions during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The general objective is to identify whether the State is likely to be held responsible for social damage caused by any omissions by its agents in the context of fighting the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. The specific objectives are: a) to analyze the legal concept of civil liability of the State; b) identify the assumptions and exclusions of State civil liability; c) researching the State's civil liability for omission and possible precedents; d) analyze the contributions of the Covid-19 Parliamentary Inquiry Committee to identify omissions. As a hypothesis, considering the social damage generated due to omissions in the acquisition of vaccines and in the encouragement of public policies to prevent and combat Covid-19, there is the possibility of civil liability of the State, however, the assumptions must be present accountability in this context. As a result, at the end of the investigations carried out by the Covid-19 Parliamentary Inquiry Commission, which is currently in the Federal Senate, if state omissions causing damage to Brazilian society are evidenced, there will be the possibility of holding the State responsible for omissions in the confrontation of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Civil Liability of the State. Omission. Covid-19.
HISTÓRIA DO DIREITO: ANÁLISE DO ESTATUTO EPISTEMOLÓGICO
Authors: Dos Santos Adelcio Machado , Mendes Dreone , Luis Freiberger Rubens
Published: February 2022

A História do Direito consiste na disciplina responsável pelo estudo das fontes externas do Direito, ou seja, como ele nasce, evolui e se transforma para finalmente chegar ao presente. Atualmente, examinar e problematizar as relações entre História e Direito reveste-se da maior importância, especialmente quando se tem em conta a percepção da normatividade extraída de um determinado contexto histórico definido como experiência pretérita que conscientiza e liberta o presente. O início da história do direito remonta à época em que os homens passaram a viver em grupos organizados, dando origem à formação de comunidades, sendo que a partir daí sentiram eles a necessidade de disciplinar a sua própria conduta, traçando normas de respeito aos direitos de cada um. O estudo da História do Direito resulta na utilidade jurídica para a compreensão da origem do ordenamento jurídico e sua ligação com os institutos do passado, no qual o direito atual tem sua origem. É praticamente impossível desvincular o estudo do direito de suas origens, pois a compreensão completa de uma legislação exige o conhecimento da história de sua formação.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Direito. História. Formações Jurídicas.
ABSTRACT
History of Law consists in the discipline responsible of the study of the extenal sources of Law, that is, the way it is born, evolutes and transforms until it finally gets to present days. Nowadays, examining and problematizing the relations between History and Law gets coated by a relevant importance, specially when one takes into account the perception of normativity extracted from a certain historical context defined as past experience which gives conciousness to the present and sets it free. The beginning of history of law goes back to the time when men started to live freely in organized groups, giving origin to the formation of communities, being that from that moment on they felt the need to discipline their own way of being, giving rules of respect to each one’s rights. The study of History Law results in the juridical utility for the comprehension of the origin of juridical ordination and its link with the institutes of the past, in which the current law has its origin. It is practically impossible to separate the study of law from its origins, for the complete comprehension of lawmaking demands the knowledge of the history of its formation.
Keywords: Law. History. Juridical formations.
A MODALIDADE DE LICITAÇÃO “DIÁLOGO COMPETITIVO” NA REDUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS EM ÂMBITO ADMINISTRATIVO
Authors: Frigotto Sabrina , Lemuel Ferreira Krieguer André , Caroline Dias Anny , Willimann dos Anjos Pedro , Marcondes Gustavo
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como foco introduzir a discussão acerca do diálogo competitivo ao âmbito acadêmico. Pois além de ser uma nova forma de licitar introduzida pela Lei 14.133, é também um meio alternativo de resolução de conflitos. Outros ramos do direito já utilizam ferramentas como a conciliação, mediação, arbitragem, autodefesa, autocomposição, acordo de não persecução, etc. Entretanto o administrador não detinha ferramentas que possibilitassem uma interação mais ativa nas etapas do acordo. Tal parâmetro, se bem utilizado, fará com que as contratações junto a Administração Pública ocorram de forma mais consciente e desburocratizada, visando sempre o interesse da coletividade. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa foi de natureza básica, com abordagem qualitativa, objetivo exploratório e bibliográfico do tipo narrativo.
Konseling Agama Dengan Pendekatan Budaya Dalam Membentuk Resiliensi Remaja
Authors: NELISMA YULIANA , Fitriani Wahidah , Silvianetri Silvianetri
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini berfokus pada konseling agama dengan menggunakan pendekatan budaya dalam membentuk resiliensi remaja. Konseling dapat dicirikan sebagai cara yang paling umum untuk memberikan bantuan kepada klien oleh seorang konselor dengan hubungan yang bersifat individu ke individu, meskipun mempengaruhi lebih dari satu individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis/metode penelitian berupa studi kepustakaan (Library Research) yang memiliki relavansi mengenai konseling agama pendekatan budaya dalam membentuk resiliensi remaja. Tujuan konseling budaya memiliki beberapa tindakan dalam konseling yaitu pertama, konseling dapat membuat konselor peka terhadap masalah lingkungan yang mempengaruhi perkembangan manusia. Kedua, profesi konseling mengharuskan konselor memiliki pengetehuan dan keterampilan. Konseling agama merupakan bantuan dari konselor untuk membantu klien membangkitkan ajaran agamanya untuk menyelesaikan segala permasalahan hidup yang dihadapi dengan cara-cara yang dibenarkan menurut agama dan keyakinannya.
A New Aspect for Some Sequence Spaces Derived Using the Domain of the Matrix $\widehat{\widehat{B}}$
Authors: CANDAN Murat
Published: February 2022

This study serves for analysing algebraic and topological characteristics of the sequence spaces $X(\widehat{\widehat{B}}(r,s))$ constituted by using non-zero real number $r$ and $s$, where $X$ denotes arbitrary of the classical sequence spaces $\ell_{\infty}, c, c_{0} $ and $\ell_{p}$ $(1<p<\infty)$ of bounded, convergent, null and absolutely $p$-summable sequences, respectively and $X(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ also is the domain of the matrix $\widehat{\widehat{B}}(r,s)$ in the sequence space $X$. Briefly, the $\beta$- and $\gamma$-duals of the space $X(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ are computed, and Schauder bases for the spaces $c(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$, $c_{0}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ and $\ell_{p}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ are determined, and some algebraic and topological properties of the spaces $c_{0}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$, $\ell_{1}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ and $\ell_{p}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$ are studied. Additionally, it is observed that all these spaces have some remarkable features, including the classes $(X_{1}(\widehat{\widehat{B}})$: $X_{2})$ and $(X_{1}(\widehat{\widehat{B}}): X_{2}(\widehat{\widehat{B}}))$ of infinite matrices which are characterized, in which $X_{1}\in\{ \ell_{\infty},c,c_{0},\ell_{p},\ell_{1}\}$ and $X_{2}\in\{\ell_{\infty},c,c_{0},\ell_{1}\}$.
Alelopatia de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal
Authors: Toledo Carla Neves , Rocha Elisa , Araújo Bruna Aparecida , Silva Nhayandra Christina Dias , Rezende Adauton Vilela , Florentino Ligiane Aparecida
Published: February 2022

Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a influência de compostos alelopáticos liberados por Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu na tolerância de bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal (BPCV). Foram obtidos extratos da parte aérea e raiz de B. brizantha nas concentrações de 12,5; 25,0; 50,0 e 75,0% e avaliado o efeito no crescimento de 10 estirpes de BPCV utilizando as metodologias de perfuração em ágar e diluição seriada. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial, 10 x 5 x 2 com 4 repetições, sendo 10 estirpes bacterianas, 5 constituindo as quatro diferentes concentrações e um tratamento controle (sem extrato) e 2 extratos de compostos alelopáticos, parte aérea e radicular, de B. brizantha. Foi verificado inibição pelo extrato radicular na concentração de 75% para as estirpes UNIFENAS 100-01; 100-13; 100-39; 100-02 e 100-94 pelo método da perfuração do ágar. As demais estirpes cresceram normalmente no meio de cultura em todas as concentrações. De acordo com os dados obtidos foi possível observar que os extratos alelopático de B. brizantha podem interferir no crescimento de estirpes de BPCV, podendo comprometer a eficiência destas quando utilizadas como inoculantes.
Agricultural Statistics for Developing Countries: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Pelloni Alessandra
Published: February 2022

Agriculture is recognised as an essential engine for inclusive growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. However, the quantity and quality of available data and indicators in these countries is still insufficient to properly inform policy, due to decades of under-investment in data collection. The much-needed renewal process will require a protracted effort by both individual countries and multilateral agencies.
Modern Comparative Characteristic of Mountain Meadow Soils in Azerbaijan
Authors: Asgarova G. , Hasanova T.
Published: February 2022

The northeastern slope of the Lesser Caucasus occupies a large territory in the western part of Azerbaijan. One of the most widespread soils in Azerbaijan is mountain meadow soils. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive and comparative study of morphodiagnostic parameters, physicochemical properties and biochemical activity of natural and anthropogenically modified biogeocenosis of mountain meadow soils of the Gadabay District. Some results of many years study are described in the article. Villages like Gara Murad, Kichik, Garamurad, Saratovka and others were researched. The research was carried out on virgin soils and cultivated lands in villages. A total of 15 land plots have been allocated, some of the research results are presented in the article. Carrying out numerous agro-reclamation activities, we managed to attract uncultivated land to agriculture and obtain high-quality products. The groundwater level in these areas exceeds 2 meters, and the salinization processes are active. Comparative results from all these agro-chemical studies helped to get virgin soils into agriculture in the plains and achieve high productivity. This can be invaluable literary material for a new generation of soil scientists.
Product Quality in Mixed Cropping of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Namazova R.
Published: February 2022

The article notes that the groundnuts crop yield in mixed cropping is the result of a combination of plant growth and development, photosynthetic activity, biomass harvesting and other aspects of increasing crop performance in specific soil and climatic conditions and depends on agricultural practices. In indoor practice, it has been found that the use of mixed cropping not only increases crop performance, but also improves crop quality. The amount of oil contained in groundnuts seeds, along with fast growing tomatoes, increased by 2.7% compared to groundnuts sole cropping. When sowing groundnuts with potatoes, a slight decrease in oil content was observed (49.5%). The content of proteins in this variant decreased by 2.4–1.5% compared with groundnuts sole cropping. The quality of potato tubers, including the amount of starch, changed in mixed cropping. When mixed cropping groundnuts and potatoes, the starch content in potato tubers increased to 25%. The quality of the tomatoes has also changed. The amount of vitamin C contained in medium and early ripening tomato varieties increased to 17.3–17.9 mg/%. This is 0.6–0.9 mg/% higher than on tomato sole cropping.
Effect of Sowing and Fertilizer Rates on Rice Varieties Crop Yield Depending on Sowing Date
Authors: Islamzade T.
Published: February 2022

The article studied the main agrochemical indicators of the experimental field in the Lankaran-Astara Zone. The results of the analysis showed that the pH in the arable layer of the experimental field was 6.12–5.87; in the lower layers, this indicator ranged from 5.98 to 6.20. The site has low acidity. There is no carbonation in the soil, and there is generally no carbonation in areas where the pH is below 6.5. The lands of the experimental field in the Lankaran-Astara District are recognized as of high quality. The amount of humus in the topsoil is 3.03–3.14%, while in the lower layers it is 1.63–1.73% and 1.05–1.06%. The site is moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The article shows the dependence of rice varieties crop yield on the timing of sowing, sowing rates and fertilizers. In each of the fertilizer rates, a decrease in crop yield was observed with an increase in the sowing rate from 1.7 million to 2.5 million per hectare. The highest crop yield was obtained when sowing in the first decade of May with a fertilizer rate of N90P60K40 and a sowing rate of 1.7 million units per hectare.
Application of New Fungicides Against the Diseases of Agricultural Crops
Authors: Sodikov B. , Khamiraev U. , Omonlikov A.
Published: February 2022

This article outlines the results of the research conducted on farms Changimardon bogi in Parkent District of Tashkent Region and Behruz Baraka Fayz in Tashkent District of Tashkent Region on the origin and spread of downy mildew disease of the grapevine and phytophthora disease of potato plant, the symptoms of the diseases and their damage, and the data on the biological efficacy of new fungicide Pilarzox 25.5% SC applied against these diseases. As a result of our research: In the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 1.2 l/ha against downy mildew disease of grapevine, the spread of the disease was 4.7%, the development of the disease was 0.7%, and the biological efficiency was 91.0%. The highest biological efficacy of potato plant against phytophthora disease was observed in the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 2.5 l/ha. At the same time, the development of the disease was 2.4% in the leaves, 2.1% in the stems, and the biological efficiency was 89.5% in the leaves and 89.2% in the stems.
Samuel Beckett's Radio Geographies
Authors: Kincaid Andrew
Published: February 2022

Throughout his work, Samuel Beckett interrogates the idea that voice is an authentic conduit for identity. Radio distorts, edits, and projects speech, and so broadcasting was a natural choice for his lifelong experiment. Both objects – radio and voice – are also fundamentally spatial. They distribute waves of sound across a given terrain. Beckett's interest in radio is abstract, in that the medium allows him to investigate general concerns about the construction of subjectivity – the ways in which we are all subject to disparate voices. But the writer's engagement with radio also arises against the backdrop of specific material conditions in post-War France and Europe. These were the years that French spatial theory took up the problem of urban modernisation. Gaston Bachelard's Poetics of Space was published in 1957, the same year that Beckett wrote his first radio play, and also the same year that work began on Le Périphérique, Europe's first ring road. This paper investigates Beckett's radio plays against the backdrop of urban theory ( urbanisme), arguing that Beckett's work can reveal light on theories of space, even urban geography.
Local Wisdom of Customary Law Community to Realize Food Sovereignty in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Miqat Nurul , Nur Rafika , Fattah Virgayani , Sulilawati Susi , Purnamasari Intan
Published: February 2022

Indigenous peoples have the right to food sovereignty, the right of indigenous peoples to meet food needs following local wisdom owned by indigenous peoples following their potential resources and culture, produced independently with their systems. Food production systems follow the conditions of traditional territories, traditional values / norms and knowledge of indigenous peoples, agricultural systems, trade, fisheries, and other production systems in traditional territories. Central Sulawesi, as one of the provinces that still has several areas, which are indigenous community areas, has local wisdom in terms of food security. The availability of food based on the independence of an area cannot be separated from the efforts of the community to maintain regional food security in a way that has become the standard of behavior of the surrounding community in managing the environment that can produce quality food, one of which is the standard of community behavior which is reflected in local wisdom. Through local wisdom in managing the environment, it is hoped that it will be a concrete step to strengthen it carrying capacity, especially in the food aspect. Through Law No. 18 of 2012, which seeks to give obligations to the state to respect, fulfill and protect the right to food of the Indonesian people without exception.
Regulation and Protection of Cloud Computing: Literature Review Perspective
Authors: Maskun Maskun , Anwar Rian Nugraha
Published: February 2022

Cloud computing is one of the developments of the internet of things. It cansay that it is a new industry in era revolution 4.0. particular to store data,including customer data privacy. The research aims to determine someregulations and protection of cloud computing at either international ornational levels. The research methods are normative legal research whichapplies some regulations both international and national legalinstruments. The research results show that some internationalinstruments can be seen in general and specific international instruments.The general instruments are such as the Universal Declaration of HumanRights 1948 (UDHR) and International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights 1996; the specific instruments are such as OECD GuidelinesGoverning the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of PersonalData, 1980, Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individualsconcerning the Processing of Personal Data, 1981, and United NationGeneral Assembly Resolution on the Right of Privacy in the Digital Age,2014. In the Indonesian context, the regulation of it can be seen such as TheLaw No. 39 of 1999 Concerning Human Rights, The Law No. 14 of 2008Concerning Public Information Disclosure, The Law No. 36 of 2009Concerning Health, the Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning amendment of theLaw No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactionand other sectoral regulation. Therefore, it can conclude that the need forregulation of cloud computing and its protection is needed to guaranteethat those data are protected.
Biotechnological Innovations and Therapeutic Application of Pediococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Next-Generation Microorganism
Authors: Peter Sunday Bulus , Qiao Zhina , Godspower Hero Nmeri , Ajeje Samaila Boyi , Xu Meijuan , Zhang Xian , Yang Taowei , Rao Zhiming
Published: February 2022

Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer high stability to environmental conditions, with an indicated increase in product yield, alongside their moderate antimicrobial activity. Lack of endotoxins and inclusion bodies, extracellular secretion, and surface display with other unique properties, are all winning attributes of these Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, of which, Pediococcus is progressively becoming an attractive and promising host, as the next-generation probiotic comparable with other well-known model systems. Here, we presented the biotechnological developments in Pediococcal bacteriocin expression system, contemporary variegated models of Pediococcus and lactic acid bacteria strains as microbial cell factory, most recent applications as possible live delivery vector for use as therapeutics, as well as upsurging challenges and future perspective. With the radical introduction of artificial intelligence and neural network in Synthetic Biology, the microbial usage of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative eco-friendly strain, with safe use properties compared with the already known conventional strains is expected to see an increase in various food and biotechnological applications in years to come as it offers better hope of safety, accuracy, and higher efficiency.
Gender-Associated Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With a Third-Generation, Ultrathin-Strut Drug-Eluting Stent: A Real-World, Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gili Sebastiano , Galli Stefano , Teruzzi Giovanni , Santagostino Baldi Giulia , Ravagnani Paolo , Fabbiocchi Franco , Bartorelli Antonio , Montorsi Piero , Trabattoni Daniela
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In recent years, the new third-generation ultrathin bioresorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES), characterized by some of the thinnest struts among commercially available devices (60–80 μm) and an amorphous silicon carbide coating, has been introduced for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to assess different clinical outcomes and safety of this drug-eluting stent in male and female patients in a real-world setting.

Methods

The present study is a retrospective analysis including all patients treated with BP-SES between January 2017 and December 2019 at a single high-volume center. Follow-up data, including stress test results and clinical setting, were collected during outpatient visits or by telephone contact. Patients symptomatic for angina or with a positive stress test were addressed to CT scan/coronary angiogram. The main study outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization.

Results

Overall, 66 (15.9%) female and 349 (84.1%) male patients were included; women were older (median age 70 vs. 66, P = 0.003) and with a lower body mass index (BMI) (25.0 vs. 26.1, P = 0.010) compared to men, with no other relevant differences in baseline characteristics. Indication for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was acute coronary syndrome in 86 (20.7%) of the cases, with no significant differences between male and female patients. A total of 558 lesions were treated with BP-SES stents, 90 in women and 468 in men (1.36 vs. 1.34 lesions per patient, P = 0.83); cumulative stent length (33.6 vs. 38.4 mm, P = 0.078), and mean stent diameter (2.92 vs. 3.0 mm, P = 0.39) did not differ in women compared to men. Technical and clinical successes were achieved in all patients. Stent thrombosis (ST) occurred in 2 (0.5%) patients, both men. TLF occurred in 10 (2.9%) men and 2 (3.0%) women after a median follow-up of 402 days, without significant differences at log-rank analysis (2.34 events per 100 patient-years in men, 2.53 in women; P = 0.80).

Conclusion

Ultrathin struts BP-SES showed to be a safe and effective option for the treatment of CAD in both women and men, with a very low ST rate and favorable long-term outcomes.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents from the Perspective of Teachers
Authors: Senft Birgit , Liebhauser Astrid , Tremschnig Ina , Ferijanz Edith , Wladika Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

The effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on children and adolescents are versatile and vast. Reduced quality of life, emotional problems, social withdrawal, and symptoms of anxiety and depression up to suicidal ideations have been reported in numerous studies. They mainly use self-assessment, quite a few use parental assessments. The focus of this study are the challenges for teachers and students as well as observable behaviors and burdens of students from the perspective of teachers during the phase of distance learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The online study was conducted in Carinthia/Austria in March and April 2021. 1,281 teachers (29% response rate) from the 5th to the 13th grade participated. The significantly increased workload, the blurring of work and free time as well as the increased physical and mental demands are the largest challenges for the teachers. More than half of the students showed a significant drop in performance, reduced concentration ability and reduced motivation to learn from the perspective of the teachers. Assumed is a critically increased media use. Next to social withdrawal, one can also perceive symptoms of anxiety, depression, or physical ailments. Because of the external assessment through teachers the results are not directly comparable with international studies. However, they do show to the same degree the urgency of preventive and secondary preventive resp. measurements as well as easily accessible possibilities for support for teachers and students. Teachers have a high sensitivity to peculiarities of students and are a valuable source of information. The required performance of the students should be critically analyzed adequately according to the current situation and adapted.
Heavy Metals in Soils From Intense Industrial Areas in South China: Spatial Distribution, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment
Authors: Su Chuanghong , Meng Jing , Zhou Yunqiao , Bi Ran , Chen Zhenwei , Diao Jieyi , Huang Zhangxun , Kan Zhiyi , Wang Tieyu
Published: February 2022

Heavy metal pollution from various industrial activities has raised global concern. The present study collected 71 surface and 67 subsurface soils from the area with intensive industrial activities in South China. The typical heavy metals, including Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations, were detected for studying their spatial distribution patterns. Sources apportionment and risks were analyzed using geographical information system and combined approach, including principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and geo-accumulation index. The concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn (except Cr) were higher than relevant background levels while exhibiting different pollution degrees in surface and subsurface soils. The PMF results showed that agriculture, industry, transportation, and nature were the four primary contributing sources of heavy metals in soils from the study area. In general, anthropogenic activities were the dominant factors, significantly influencing heavy metal distributions in surface and subsurface soils. Health risks of heavy metals in soil to the population via soil inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion indicated the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were at an unacceptable level. Each exposure route contribution is higher for adults than for children, whereas there is a relatively high risk of cancer for adults than for children. Therefore, increasing attention shall be needed for monitoring the heavy metal pollution in soils in the areas with dramatic economic development, e.g., South China.
Defining Quantitative Targets for Topsoil Organic Carbon Stock Increase in European Croplands: Case Studies With Exogenous Organic Matter Inputs
Authors: Bruni Elisa , Guenet Bertrand , Clivot Hugues , Kätterer Thomas , Martin Manuel , Virto Iñigo , Chenu Claire
Published: February 2022

The EU Mission Board for Soil Health and Food proposed a series of quantitative targets for European soils to become healthier. Among them, current soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration losses in croplands (0.5% yr−1 on average at 20 cm depth) should be reversed to an increase of 0.1–0.4% yr−1 by 2030. Quantitative targets are used by policy makers to incentivize the implementation of agricultural practices that increase SOC stocks. However, there are different approaches to calculate them. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of exogenous organic matter (EOM) inputs on the evolution of SOC stocks, with a particular focus on the new European targets and the different approaches to calculate them. First, we illustrated through two case-study experiments the different targets set when the SOC stock increase is calculated considering as reference: 1) the SOC stock level at the onset of the experiment and 2) the SOC stock trend in a baseline, i.e., a control treatment without EOM addition. Then, we used 11 long-term experiments (LTEs) with EOM addition in European croplands to estimate the amount of carbon (C) input needed to reach the 0.1 and 0.4% SOC stock increase targets proposed by the Mission Board for Soil Health and Food, calculated with two different approaches. We found that, to reach a 0.1 and 0.4% increase target relative to the onset of the experiment, 2.51 and 2.61 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 of additional C input were necessary, respectively. Reaching a 0.1 and 0.4% increase target relative to the baseline required 1.38 and 1.77 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 of additional input, respectively. Depending on the calculation method used, the estimated amounts of additional C input required to reach each quantitative target were significantly different from each other. Furthermore, the quality of C input as represented by the C retention rate of the additional organic material (EOM and crop residue), had a significant effect on the variation of SOC stocks. Our work highlights the necessity to take into consideration the additional C input required to increase SOC stocks, especially for soils with decreasing SOC stocks, when targets are set independently of the baseline.
Dolphin Distribution and Habitat Suitability in North Western Australia: Applications and Implications of a Broad-Scale, Non-targeted Dataset
Authors: Hanf Daniella , Hodgson Amanda Jane , Kobryn Halina , Bejder Lars , Smith Joshua Nathan
Published: February 2022

Understanding species’ distribution patterns and the environmental and ecological interactions that drive them is fundamental for biodiversity conservation. Data deficiency exists in areas that are difficult to access, or where resources are limited. We use a broad-scale, non-targeted dataset to describe dolphin distribution and habitat suitability in remote north Western Australia, where there is a paucity of data to adequately inform species management. From 1,169 opportunistic dolphin sightings obtained from 10 dugong aerial surveys conducted over a four-year period, there were 661 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus), 191 Australian humpback dolphin (Sousa sahulensis), nine Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni), 16 Stenella sp., one killer whale (Orcinus orca), one false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), and 290 unidentified dolphin species sightings. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) habitat suitability models identified shallow intertidal areas around mainland coast, islands and shoals as important areas for humpback dolphins. In contrast, bottlenose dolphins are more likely to occur further offshore and at greater depths, suggesting niche partitioning between these two sympatric species. Bottlenose dolphin response to sea surface temperature is markedly different between seasons (positive in May; negative in October) and probably influenced by the Leeuwin Current, a prominent oceanographic feature. Our findings support broad marine spatial planning, impact assessment and the design of future surveys, which would benefit from the collection of high-resolution digital images for species identification verification. A substantial proportion of data were removed due to uncertainties resulting from non-targeted observations and this is likely to have reduced model performance. We highlight the importance of considering climatic and seasonal fluctuations in interpreting distribution patterns and species interactions in assuming habitat suitability.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Confined Masonry Walls With Window Openings Strengthened by Using Hybrid-Fiber Modified Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Liu Guo-an , Wang Xin , Yang Zhe , Wang Lei-yu , Zhou Yun-wen , Chen Guo-bin
Published: February 2022

Unreinforced masonry structures are vulnerable to seismic action, especially with window openings. Therefore, a strengthening technique needs to be proposed to improve the seismic performance of the confined masonry walls with window openings. In this study, hybrid fibers modified reactive powder concrete (HFMRPC) with good composite action to masonry walls were obtained through material tests. Then, the HFMRPC material was used as a coating to strengthen or repair the confined masonry walls with window openings by single-sided full coverage, double-sided full coverage, single-sided coverage in piers, and double-sided coverage in piers. To investigate the effect of HFMRPC coating on strengthening or repairing the confined masonry walls with window openings. Seven half-scale masonry walls were tested under in-plane quasi-static horizontal loading. The results indicated that the retrofitting technology using HFMRPC coating could effectively enhance the load-bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity of the strengthened and repaired masonry walls and delay their stiffness degradation. Among the above-mentioned strengthening methods, the strengthening in piers significantly enhanced the ductility and energy dissipation of the specimens, and the double-sided full coverage enhanced the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the specimens. Finally, a simplified analysis method was proposed to calculate the shear bearing capacity of the strengthened or repaired confined masonry walls with window openings based on theoretical analysis and test results.
Developing and Validating Nomogram to Predict Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage in Women With Placenta Previa Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Dang Xiaohe , Zhang Li , Bao Yindi , Xu Jie , Du Hui , Wang Shaoshuai , Liu Yanyan , Deng Dongrui , Chen Suhua , Zeng Wanjiang , Feng Ling , Liu Haiyi
Published: February 2022

Objective

Developing and validating nomogram to predict severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) in women with placenta previa (PP) undergoing cesarean delivery.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective case-control study in five hospitals. In this study, 865 patients from January, 2018 to June, 2020 were enrolled in the development cohort, and 307 patients from July, 2020 to June, 2021 were enrolled in the validation cohort. Independent risk factors for SPPH were obtained by using the multivariate logistic regression, and preoperative nomogram and intraoperative nomogram were developed, respectively. We compared the discrimination, calibration, and net benefit of the two nomograms in the development cohort and validation cohort. Then, we tested whether the intraoperative nomogram could be used before operation.

Results

There were 204 patients (23.58%) in development cohort and 80 patients (26.06%) in validation cohort experienced SPPH. In development cohort, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the preoperative nomogram and intraoperative nomogram were 0.831 (95% CI, 0.804, 0.855) and 0.880 (95% CI, 0.854, 0.905), respectively. In validation cohort, the AUC of the preoperative nomogram and intraoperative nomogram were 0.825 (95% CI, 0.772, 0.877) and 0.853 (95% CI, 0.808, 0.898), respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.839 (95% CI, 0.789, 0.888) when the intraoperative nomogram was used before operation.

Conclusion

We developed the preoperative nomogram and intraoperative nomogram to predict the risk of SPPH in women with PP undergoing cesarean delivery. By comparing the discrimination, calibration, and net benefit of the two nomograms in the development cohort and validation cohort, we think that the intraoperative nomogram performed better. Moreover, application of the intraoperative nomogram before operation can still achieve good prediction effect, which can be improved if the severity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) can be accurately distinguished preoperatively. We expect to conduct further prospective external validation studies on the intraoperative nomogram to evaluate its application value.