bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The future of psychiatry
Authors: Oyebode Femi , Humphreys Martin
Published: December 2011

There is widespread concern among psychiatrists that the profession is in crisis and that it faces an array of external and internal challenges. Indeed, some observers have questioned whether the psychiatrist is an endangered species. This paper argues that medical specialties can become extinct as the case of the apothecaries exemplifies. The training template for psychiatry in the UK was put in place 40 years ago and there is a need to carefully examine whether it is still fit for purpose. Advances in theoretical knowledge and in basic understanding of psychiatric disorders have not significantly influenced the structure of clinical placements; rather it is service developments and administrative demands that have been the determinants of changes in training. Urgent action is required to address the need for reform of training that will ensure the future of psychiatry as a profession.
Mental health law training should be mandatory for all doctors
Authors: Schofield Christopher
Published: December 2011

Over many years and with various pieces of new legislation there are significant gaps in doctors' knowledge about mental health law. It is time to ensure that doctors know the law and can apply it to the patients they see. Practising legally and not detaining or allowing people to leave hospital inappropriately should be a mandatory part of training for every doctor no matter what the specialty. Medical schools, deaneries, training programme directors and the General Medical Council should take up the challenge and ensure good-quality training for all doctors to ensure good-quality care in this area is given to all patients.
Identification from dorsal finger pattern: a new approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Sukul Biswajit
Published: December 2011

The dorsal aspect of the hand has been little studied for the purpose of identification and hence the present study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of considering the skin creases on the dorsal aspect of the proximal inter-phalangeal joints (dorsal finger pattern) as a criteria for personal identification. The study included 257 native Bengali subjects, 140 males and 117 females from the city of Kolkata. The dorsal aspects of the fingers of both hands were photographed by a digital camera and the images were analysed on a computer using Microsoft Photoeditor. The skin creases over the proximal inter-phalangeal joints were studied in three segments – proximal, middle and distal. Thus a total of 257 × 10 × 3 = 7710 segments were studied to determine the dorsal finger patterns. Five basic types of stems were noted – horizontal, vertical, oblique, semi-lunar and mixed. Among these the horizontal stem was the most common at 90.49%. Branching was of two types – body branching and terminal branching. Body branching was more common than the terminal type. Semi-lunar stem was the rarest type of stem comprising less than 1%. Accuracy of the technique for confirmation of identity was found to be 91.9%.
A state of reversed hypoxic encephalopathy following attempted suicidal hanging: a boon
Authors: Prasad D R Mahadeshwara , Manjula S
Published: December 2011

Normal functional condition of the brain is achieved by maintaining the normal structure and normal function of brain parenchyma. Reduced blood supply and deficiency of available oxygen alter brain perfusion which causes hypoxia or anoxia, and, depending on the severity, alters brain functions temporarily or permanently. This can occur in cases of hanging. Some degree of permanent cerebral damage is inevitable if hypoxic-ischaemia lasts beyond 3–5 minutes. Here we present a case report in which even though the patient was hanged for more than five minutes until the formation of a ligature mark and exhibited cyanosis, unconsciousness and seizures, the outcome was favourable with prompt and early intervention. Recovery was complete such that there were no residual signs and symptoms of reduced brain perfusion.
Perceptual Constancy of Texture Roughness in the Tactile System
Authors: Yoshioka Takashi , Craig James C. , Beck Graham C. , Hsiao Steven S.
Published: December 2011

Our tactual perception of roughness is independent of the manner in which we touch the surface. A brick surface feels rough no matter how slowly or how rapidly we move our fingers, despite the fluctuating sensory inputs that are transmitted to the finger. Current theories of roughness perception rely solely on inputs from the cutaneous afferents, which are highly affected by scan velocity and force. The question then is: how is roughness constancy achieved? To this end, we characterized the subject's perceived roughness in six scanning conditions. These included two modes of touch: direct touch, where the finger is in contact with the surface, and indirect touch, where the surface is scanned with a hand-held probe; and three scanning modes: active (moving the hand across a stationary surface), passive (moving the surface across a stationary hand), and pseudo-passive (subject's hand is moved by the experimenter across a stationary surface). Here, we show that roughness constancy is preserved during active but not passive scanning, indicating that the hand movement is necessary for roughness constancy in both direct and indirect touch. Roughness constancy is also preserved during pseudo-passive scanning, which stresses the importance of proprioceptive input. The results show that cutaneous input provides the signals necessary for roughness perception and that proprioceptive input resulting from hand movement—rather than a motor efference copy—is necessary to achieve roughness constancy. These findings have important implications in providing realistic sensory feedback for prosthetic-hand users.
Chalk fill platform for house construction: a case study
Authors: Law Kwok Cheung
Published: December 2011

This paper presents the assessment of short- and long-term settlements and bearing capacity of a 13 m high chalk fill platform for a housing development in a former chalk quarry in Medway Gate, Kent, UK. A roped-access inspection followed by an intrusive site investigation provided evidence that the quality of in situ chalk improved with depth. It was also indicated that there was sufficient structured chalk on site for the platform construction. End-product specification with the stipulation of dry density and moisture content limits was used for the required chalk compaction. Trial compactions were carried out to confirm roller suitability and the thickness of each compacted layer. Nuclear density tests supplemented by sand replacement and laboratory tests provided a quick means of monitoring dry density and moisture content during construction. In situ plate bearing tests confirmed that compacted chalk with a dry density above 1·55 Mg/m3 could generally provide a bearing capacity greater than 150 kN/m2 as required in the contract. Post-construction settlement monitoring results indicated both immediate and creep settlements in the compacted chalk, and confirmed the time required for creep settlement to complete: hence the suitable timing for house construction.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF PICTURE INTERFERENCE WHEN TEACHING WORD RECOGNITION TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Authors: Dittlinger Laura Harper , Lerman Dorothea C.
Published: December 2011

Previous research indicates that pairing pictures with associated words when teaching sight‐word reading may hinder acquisition (e.g., Didden, Prinsen, & Sigafoos, 2000; Singh & Solman, 1990; Solman & Singh, 1992). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether this phenomenon was due to a previously learned association between the spoken word and picture (i.e., blocking) or due to the mere presence of a picture as an extrastimulus prompt (i.e., overshadowing). Three participants were taught to recognize words that were presented alone or paired with pictures that the participants either could or could not identify prior to training. All participants learned the words more quickly when they were presented alone rather than with pictures, regardless of their prior learning history with respect to pictures representing the words. This finding is consistent with the phenomenon of overshadowing. Nonetheless, consistent with blocking, all participants also acquired the words presented alone more quickly if they could not identify the associated pictures prior to training. Together, these findings have important implications for using prompts when teaching skills to individuals with developmental disabilities.
COLLEGE‐LEVEL INSTRUCTION: DERIVED RELATIONS AND PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
Authors: Fienup Daniel M. , Hamelin Jeffery , Reyes‐Giordano Kimberly , Falcomata Terry S.
Published: December 2011

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of programmed instruction that integrates derived relations to teach college‐level academic material. This method has been demonstrated to be effective and economical in the teaching of complex mathematics and biology concepts. Although this approach may have potential applications with other domains of college learning, more studies are needed to evaluate important technological variables. Studies that employ programmed instruction are discussed in relation to future directions for research.
BIRTH AND DEATH CERTIFICATES AS LEGAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Hemenway Henry Bixby
Published: December 2011

Birth and death certificates have a legal value that statisticians do not always realize. Citizenship, marriage, distribution of property and even disproof of crime may depend on proper birth registration. Certificates should be in standard form with certain definite facts plainly stated, and all handling or copying should be done by officials.
Evaluation of public health preschool child developmental screening: the process and outcomes of a community program.
Authors: Cadman D , Chambers L W , Walter S D , Ferguson R , Johnston N , McNamee J
Published: December 2011

We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a public health and education screening program aimed at all 4,797 four to five year old children registering for kindergarten in three school districts of southern Ontario, Canada. Children received either the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) with a community health intervention program for positive screeness; the DDST with no intervention for positive screenees; or no screening test. The intervention program consisted of referral to the child's physician for assessment; a review conference between the child's teacher and the school health nurse; parent counseling; and monitoring of the child in school by the school health nurse. At the end of the third school year, no differences were found between positive screenees in the community health intervention group and the "no intervention" groups using individual academic achievement, cognitive, and developmental tests. Parents' reports revealed no differences between groups in children's mental, social, and behavioral well-being. However, parents of intervention program children had more worry about their child's school progress suggesting a potentially harmful labeling effect. In comparison to a random sample of children with normal DDST results, or a random sample of children who had randomly not been screened, the children with positive preschool DDSTs had substantially more school problems three years after screening.
Eight-year follow-up results of an adolescent smoking prevention program: the North Karelia Youth Project.
Authors: Vartiainen E , Fallonen U , McAlister A L , Puska P
Published: December 2011

In the North Karelia Youth Program five to 10 classroom sessions over two years taught skills to resist pressures to start smoking to 13 to 15 year old students. Compared to students from comparison schools, the treatment groups reported less smoking immediately after the intervention and in a four-year follow-up survey. At the eight-year follow-up, there was consistent evidence of possible preventive effects only among those who had been non-smokers when the program began.
Results of an intervention to improve compliance with referrals for evaluation of suspected malignancies at neighborhood public health centers.
Authors: Manfredi C , Lacey L , Warnecke R
Published: December 2011

A study was conducted at Neighborhood Health Centers to evaluate procedures to improve compliance with referrals of patient at risk for cancer. Intervention consisted of a standardized communication from the exit nurse, a patient form to be returned after compliance, and one written and one telephone reminder as needed. Compliance was 68.2 percent in a control group and 89.0 percent among patients who received the experimental intervention, a significant increase of 20.8 percent (95% CI: 12.5, 29.1).
A comparison of prenatal care use in the United States and Europe.
Authors: Buekens P , Kotelchuck M , Blondel B , Kristensen F B , Chen J H , Masuy-Stroobant G
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVES. We sought to describe prenatal care use in the United States and in three European countries where accessibility to prenatal care has been reported to be better than it is in the United States. METHODS. We analyzed the 1980 US National Natality Survey, the 1981 French National Natality Survey, a 1979 sample of Danish births, and a survey performed from 1979 to 1980 in one Belgian province. RESULTS. The proportion of women who began prenatal care late (after 15 weeks) is highest in the United States (21.2%) and lowest in France (4.0%). This contrasts with the median number of visits, which is greater in the United States (11) than in Denmark (10) or in France (7). Across all maternal ages, parities, and educational levels, late initiation of prenatal care is more frequent in the United States, and median number of visits in the United States is equal to or higher than that in the other countries. CONCLUSIONS. In countries that offer nearly universal access to prenatal care, women begin care earlier during pregnancy and have fewer visits than women in the United States.
Reducing death on the road: the effects of minimum safety standards, publicized crash tests, seat belts, and alcohol.
Authors: Robertson L S
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVES. Two phases of attempts to improve passenger car crash worthiness have occurred: minimum safety standards and publicized crash tests. This study evaluated these attempts, as well as changes in seat belt and alcohol use, in terms of their effect on occupant death and fatal crash rates. METHODS. Data on passenger car occupant fatalities and total involvement in fatal crashes, for 1975 through 1991, were obtained from the Fatal Accident Reporting System. Rates per mile were calculated through published sources on vehicle use by vehicle age. Regression estimates of effects of regulation, publicized crash tests, seat belt use and alcohol involvement were obtained. RESULTS. Substantial reductions in fatalities occurred in the vehicle model years from the late 1960s through most of the 1970s, when federal standards were applied. Some additional increments in reduced death rates, attributable to additional improved vehicle crashworthiness, occurred during the period of publicized crash tests. Increased seat belt use and reduced alcohol use also contributed significantly to reduced deaths. CONCLUSIONS. Minimum safety standards, crashworthiness improvements, seat belt use laws, and reduced alcohol use each contributed to a large reduction in passenger car occupant deaths.
The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities
Authors: Williams David R.
Published: December 2011

I have summarized in this article data on the magnitude of health challenges faced by men in the United States.

Across a broad range of indicators, men report poorer health than women. Although men in all socioeconomic groups are doing poorly in terms of health, some especially high-risk groups include men of low socioeconomic status (SES) of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, low-SES minority men, and middle-class Black men. Multiple factors contribute to the elevated health risks of men. These include economic marginality, adverse working conditions, and gendered coping responses to stress, each of which can lead to high levels of substance use, other health-damaging behaviors, and an aversion to health-protective behaviors.

The forces that adversely affect men’s health are interrelated, unfold over the life course, and are amenable to change.
Evaluation of effects of high incubation temperatures on results of protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing for Tritrichomonas foetus inoculated in a commercially available self-contained culture media system
Authors: Davidson John M. , Ondrak Jeff D. , Anderson Arn A. , Swinford Amy K. , Erol Erdal
Published: December 2011

Objective—To evaluate effects of high incubation temperatures on results of protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing for Tritrichomonas foetus inoculated in a commercially available self-contained culture media system.

Design—In vitro experimental study.

Sample—2 strains of T foetus (1 field isolate from the University of California-Davis and 1 field isolate from the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory).

Procedures—2 sets of 36 dual-chamber media pouches were inoculated with T foetus (36 sample pouches/strain) and incubated at temperatures of 37.0°C (98.6°F), 46.1°C (115.0°F), or 54.4°C (130.0°F) for 1, 3, 6, or 24 hours. Six uninoculated media samples in pouches stored at 37.0°C for the entire treatment period were used as negative controls. Pouches were removed from incubators and stored at 22.2°C (72.0°F) until all treatments were complete. Samples were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing.

Results—T foetus was detectable microscopically in inoculated pouches incubated at 37.0°C regardless of exposure time, whereas those incubated at 46.1°C yielded T foetus after 1 and 3 hours only, and those incubated at 54.4°C yielded T foetus after 1 hour only. Testing via real-time PCR assay yielded positive results for all inoculated media samples and negative results for all uninoculated control samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Samples collected into the self-contained culture media system for T foetus testing via culture alone should be protected from high temperatures. Realtime PCR amplification may be a more reliable method for identification of the organism if storage and transport temperatures cannot be controlled.
Group Decision Making: Integrating Different Interests into a Joint Decision
Authors: Rajkovič Vladislav
Published: December 2011

Group Decision Making: Integrating Different Interests into a Joint Decision

The paper discusses group decision making as a way of managing decision knowledge. Described are pros and cons of group decision making. Special emphasis is given to the leveraging of different interests and possibilities of formulating a joint decision. Available methods and techniques together with a properly organized group work can make a substantial contribution.
Mystical Harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe
Authors: Sládek Karel
Published: December 2011

Mystical Harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe

The article presents a mystical harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe. Losskij and Hoppe were very spiritually close to each other because both of them followed from mystic tradition of Christianity through which they consequently analyzed, sorted out and classified knowledge of philosophers and mystics of all religions. Losskij reflected Hoppe several times in his studies and liked introducing his thinking in the context of harmony with his own knowledge. Hoppe's transcendental "I" is analogous to Losskij's concept of a substantial "I". The mystic affinity of Losskij and Hoppe who independently of each other came to similar opinions formed a basis for their spontaneous friendship.
Application of the BEM approach for a determination of the regional marine geoid model and the mean dynamic topography in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea
Authors: Tenzer R. , Čunderlík R. , Dayoub N. , Abdalla A.
Published: December 2011

Application of the BEM approach for a determination of the regional marine geoid model and the mean dynamic topography in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea

We apply a novel approach for the gravimetric marine geoid modelling which utilise the boundary element method (BEM). The direct BEM formulation for the Laplace equation is applied to obtain a numerical solution to the linearised fixed gravimetric boundary-value problem in points at the Earth's surface. The numerical scheme uses the collocation method with linear basis functions. It involves a discretisation of the Earth's surface which is considered as a fixed boundary. The surface gravity disturbances represent the oblique derivative boundary condition. The BEM approach is applied to determine the marine geoid model over the study area of the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea using DNSC08 marine gravity data. The comparison of the BEM-derived and EGM2008 geoid models reveals that the geoid height differences vary within -25 and 18 cm with the standard deviation of 6 cm. The DNSC08 sea surface topography data and the new marine geoid are then used for modelling of the mean dynamic topography (MDT) over the study area. The local vertical datum (LVD) offsets estimated at 15 tide-gauge stations in New Zealand are finally used for testing the coastal MDT. The average value of differences between the MDT and LVD offsets is 1 cm.
Tandem insults of prenatal ischemia plus postnatal raised intrathoracic pressure in a novel rat model of encephalopathy of prematurity
Authors: Koltz Michael T. , Tosun Cigdem , Kurland David B. , Coksaygan Turhan , Castellani Rudolph J. , Ivanova Svetlana , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc
Published: December 2011

Object

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EP) is common in preterm, low birth weight infants who require postnatal mechanical ventilation. The worst types of EP are the hemorrhagic forms, including choroid plexus, germinal matrix, periventricular, and intraventricular hemorrhages. Survivors exhibit life-long cognitive, behavioral, and motor abnormalities. Available preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the salient features of hemorrhagic EP encountered in humans. In this study, the authors evaluated a novel model using rats that featured tandem insults of transient prenatal intrauterine ischemia (IUI) plus transient postnatal raised intrathoracic pressure (RIP).

Methods

Timed-pregnant Wistar rats were anesthetized and underwent laparotomy on embryonic Day 19. Intrauterine ischemia was induced by clamping the uterine and ovarian vasculature for 20 minutes. Natural birth occurred on embryonic Day 22. Six hours after birth, the pups were subjected to an episode of RIP, induced by injecting glycerol (50%, 13 μl/g intraperitoneally). Control groups included naive, sham surgery, and IUI alone. Pathological, histological, and behavioral analyses were performed on pups up to postnatal Day 52.

Results

Compared with controls, pups subjected to IUI+RIP exhibited significant increases in postnatal mortality and hemorrhages in the choroid plexus, germinal matrix, and periventricular tissues as well as intraventricularly. On postnatal Days 35–52, they exhibited significant abnormalities involving complex vestibulomotor function and rapid spatial learning. On postnatal Day 52, the brain and body mass were significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Tandem insults of IUI plus postnatal RIP recapitulate many features of the hemorrhagic forms of EP found in humans, suggesting that these insults in combination may play important roles in pathogenesis.
Analysis of the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of the Huge Daqing Oil Field in China
Authors: Hu Yan , Feng Lianyong , Hall Charles C.S. , Tian Dong
Published: December 2011

In China there has been considerable discussion of how one should express the efficiency of energy conversion and production. Energy return on investment (EROI) can be useful for this because its methodology is based on outputs and inputs. Unfortunately, similar to the rest of the world, most of the data available for assessing energy gains and costs for oil and gas in China has to be derived from economic costs and revenues for oil fields. In this paper we derive a first EROI for China based on using this approach and the existing data for production of crude oil and natural gas for the Daqing oil field, the largest oil field in China. We estimate that its EROIstnd expressed as heat equivalent was 10:1 in 2001 but has declined to 6.5:1 in 2009. Based on this trend we project that the EROIstnd will decline to 4.7:1 in 2015, and the net energy from the field will be decreasing substantially. The calculations have some errors because of incomplete data, and if various externalities are taken into account, the EROI of this oil field would be lower than our present estimates. The trends of EROI and net energy suggest that the Daqing oil field will face more difficulty in the future which can not be overcome by government fiat.
Analyse morphologique des marques de la météorisation des granités à partir de mégalithes morbihannais. L'exemple de l'alignement de Kerlescan à Carnac
Authors: Sellier Dominique
Published: December 2011

Granite reliefs offer patterns of micro-erosion, differing from one another by their morphotypes and their répétition. These patterns, in the range of one mètre to one decimetre, are due to selective érosion. They are well- known, but it remains difficult to assess the rate of their progression in the absence of any definite chronological indicator. Megaliths offer one such indicator. Those in Carnac constitute a privileged subject for analysis, owing to their morphological variety. They represent a statistically significant sample, because of their number and in spite of their partial restoration.

This article deals with the preliminary results of a study of the alignment of Kerlescan, according to geomorphological methods, making use of various scales. It aims at bringing informations about the siting of the alignment, about the rate of erosion of the granites in a temperate oceanic environment and about the conditions of the deterioration of the megaliths. This study is based on an inventory of patterns resulting from action of weathering on the standing- stones.
L'industrie lithique du site mésolithique récent de Pors-Bali (Commune de Moëlan-sur-Mer, Finistère)
Authors: Marchand Grégor
Published: December 2011

Le site côtier de Pors-Bali peut être attribué à un Mésolithique récent dans une phase initiale, par de nombreuses analogies techno-typologiques. L'utilisation de roches d'origine locale en complément du silex permet de considérer quelques aspects de l'économie des matières premières.
Les occupations mésolithiques et du néolithique ancien sur le site de la Grange à Surgères (Charente-Maritime)
Authors: Laporte Luc , Marchand Grégor , Sellami Farid , Oberlin Christine , Bridault Anne
Published: December 2011

The archaeological site of La Grange présent one fo the very rare stratigraphy in the région of Poitou-Charentes where can be encountered levels from middle Mesolithic period up to the Early Neolithic. The artefacts were founded in a fluvial deposit, no more than 50 cm thick, which also contained various hearth and an occupation level. Despite some taphonomic disturbance, the characteristic éléments from Middle Mesolithic, Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic organise themselves in a logical cultural sequence.
White‐fruited Duchesnea indica (Rosaceae) is impaired in ANS gene expression
Authors: Debes Mario A. , Arias Marta E. , Grellet‐Bournonville Carlos F. , Wulff Arturo F. , Martínez‐Zamora Martín G. , Castagnaro Atilio P. , Díaz‐Ricci Juan C.
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Duchesnea indica is a wild strawberry‐like species that has red fruits. In a recent survey in the highlands of Tucumán (Argentina), a plant of D. indica with white fruits was discovered. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the white‐fruited character was due to a phenotypic or genotypic change. The stability and heritability of the character and the expression of genes involved in anthocyanins synthesis were studied and compared with red‐fruited genotypes. This study contributes to understanding the molecular basis of some factors involved in fruit pigmentation, a horticulturally and taxonomically important trait.

• Methods: Stability and heritability of the white‐fruited character were evaluated in plants obtained by asexual propagation or by sexual crosses between the white‐ and red‐fruited genotypes. Asexual multiplications were carried out by stolon rooting and sexual multiplications by germination of achenes obtained from crosses. The expression level of the genes involved in the synthesis and regulation of the anthocyanins pathway (CHS, F3H, DFR, ANS, and MYB10) were evaluated by RT‐PCR using specific primers.

• Key results: Plants with the white‐fruited character always yielded white‐fruited progeny when propagated asexually, whereas in sexually propagated plants fruit color depended on the mother. Red‐fruited mothers yielded red‐fruited progeny, and white‐fruited mothers yielded fruits ranging from dark pink to white. Molecular analysis suggested that the white‐fruited character was due to the low expression of the ANS gene.

• Conclusions: Results obtained indicate that the white‐fruited character was stable. Mother progenitors exert a strong influence on the expression of the white‐fruited character. The white‐fruited phenotype is due to the impairment or downregulation of the ANS gene.
Assessing the Reliability, Validity, and Use of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric: Three Approaches
Authors: Adamson Katie Anne , Gubrud Paula , Sideras Stephanie , Lasater Kathie
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods and findings from three different approaches examining the reliability and validity of data from the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) using human patient simulation. The first study, by Adamson, assessed the interrater reliability of data produced using the LCJR using intraclass correlation (2,1). Interrater reliability was calculated to be 0.889. The second study, by Gubrud-Howe, used the percent agreement strategy for assessing interrater reliability. Results ranged from 92% to 96%. The third study, by Sideras, used level of agreement for reliability analyses. Results ranged from 57% to 100%. Findings from each of these studies provided evidence supporting the validity of the LCJR for assessing clinical judgment during simulated patient care scenarios. This article provides extensive information about psychometrics and appropriate use of the LCJR and concludes with recommendations for further psychometric assessment and use of the LCJR.
La defensa y consolidación de las fronteras en el Septentrión novohispano: Geografía y desarrollos cartográficos (1759-1788)
Authors: Porro Jesús María
Published: December 2011

Planteamos en este trabajo la situación de la frontera septentrional en Nueva España durante el reinado de Carlos III, centrándonos en los aspectos relativos a su exploración, defensa y consolidación. Concedemos prioridad a los desarrollos cartográficos de la época, por lo que analizamos los mapas más significativos sobre ese territorio —si bien utilizamos de forma complementaria fuentes de archivo y bibliográficas-, argumentando así sobre el fortalecimiento de la frontera, la contención de los apaches y el valor de la cartografía generada, al posibilitar la actualización de los conocimientos geográficos.
Los nacionalistas católicos de Cabildo y la educación durante la última dictadura en Argentina
Authors: Graciela Rodríguez Laura
Published: December 2011

El autodenominado Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976-1983) diseñó y aplicó una serie de medidas desde el Ministerio de Cultura y Educación y buena parte de ellas recibieron la atención de los redactores de la revista Cabildo. Los responsables de esta publicación se reconocían como los máximos exponentes del nacionalismo católico argentino, ideología de derechas y antisemita que teñía decididamente todas sus interpretaciones sobre lo que ocurría. En el presente artículo analizaremos cuáles fueron sus opiniones respecto a la política educativa.
Conception et mise en place d’un dispositif hybride pour accompagner les étudiants de première année LLCE dans leur acquisition de l’anglais
Authors: Payre-Ficout Coralie
Published: December 2011

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche-action entreprise auprès d’étudiants francophones de première année de Langue Littérature Civilisation Étrangère (LLCE) option anglais de l’université de Grenoble. Son objectif est de faire état d’un dispositif de formation hybride visant à pallier les difficultés d’étudiants spécialistes. Ce dispositif, soutenu par les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC), a été conçu et expérimenté à la rentrée 2008 afin de lutter contre un fort taux d’échec à la fin de la première année de licence, souvent lié à un niveau en langue insuffisant. La conception de ce dispositif d’accompagnement s’est fortement inspirée des outils utilisés au département LANSAD auprès de spécialistes d’autres disciplines. Mis en place dans un contexte universitaire où les pratiques d’utilisation des TIC étaient souvent réduites au présentiel enrichi par l’usage de supports multimédia, le dispositif proposé apparaît comme un ensemble de pratiques innovantes : positionnement des étudiants, travail à distance en petits groupes tutorés via une plateforme et des ateliers de conversation.
Vous avez le droit de garder le silence : un scénario pédagogique pour faire parler les étudiants de droit
Authors: Chapon Sandrine
Published: December 2011

Le volume horaire des langues à la Faculté de Droit de Grenoble a diminué de moitié en 5 ans. Il est donc nécessaire d’adapter la pédagogie de projet afin de concilier les besoins des apprenants et la diminution des moyens à leur disposition. Le scénario pédagogique que nous proposons de présenter s’articule autour du légendaire cinquième amendement de la Constitution américaine. Il tente de respecter la démarche actionnelle dans laquelle tous les étudiants peuvent prendre une part active à leur apprentissage dans un contexte peu propice à la production orale. Les phases de production font l’objet d’un travail en autonomie guidée. La tâche finale de prise de parole en continu est rendue possible en utilisant des moyens multimédia : lecteurs MP3 ou téléphones portables des étudiants comme ressources documentaires et moyens d’enregistrement.
FASP juridique télévisuelle : gros plan sur les étudiants en droit et zoom arrière sur une approche pédagogique
Authors: Chapon Sandrine
Published: December 2011

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de 55 étudiants de la Faculté de droit de Grenoble en 2010. Le point de départ de l’étude est une interrogation sur la valeur ajoutée de l’utilisation des FASP télévisuelles en cours d’anglais juridique si les étudiants regardent déjà ces séries dans la sphère privée. Les résultats de l’enquête montrent que, non seulement la FASP juridique n’est pas très populaire auprès de ce public mais que, de plus, elle est regardée majoritairement en français. Ces deux éléments combinés fournissent des pistes intéressantes d’exploitation pédagogique de ce support.
L’insertion des bas-niveaux de qualification : un problème de GRH ?
Authors: Castra Denis
Published: December 2011

Depuis 25 ans, la méthode dite d’intervention sur l’offre et la demande (IOD) est centrée sur l’accès direct à l’emploi de droit commun de personnes de bas niveau de qualification. Pour ce numéro spécial, nous avons souhaité rassembler l’essentiel de nos observations empiriques et expérimentales autour d’une question centrale : quels sont les facteurs ou variables qui favorisent l’intégration durable de ces publics ? Les données sont présentées en fonction de trois temps du processus d’insertion : l’accueil des demandeurs, le recrutement et le suivi post-embauche. Elles supportent l’hypothèse générale selon laquelle, au-delà des ressources des individus, ce sont celles du médiateur et la gestion du personnel dans les entreprises qui sont à questionner.
Schedule-Aware Transactions for Ambient Intelligence Environments
Authors: Fotopoulos Vasileios , Zarras Apostolos , Vassiliadis Panos
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the authors investigate the concept of designing user-centric transaction protocols toward achieving dependable coordination in AmI environments. As a proof-of-concept, this paper presents a protocol that takes into account the schedules of roaming users, which move from one AmI environment to another, avoiding abnormal termination of transactions when users leave an environment for a short time and return later. The authors compare the proposed schedule-aware protocol against a schedule-agnostic one. Findings show that the use of user-centric information in such situations is quite beneficial.
A Mashup Application to Support Complex Decision Making for Retail Consumers
Authors: Walczak Steven , Kellogg Deborah L. , Gregg Dawn G.
Published: December 2011

Purchase processes often require complex decision making and consumers frequently use Web information sources to support these decisions. However, increasing amounts of information can make finding appropriate information problematic. This information overload, coupled with decision complexity, can increase time required to make a decision and reduce decision quality. This creates a need for tools that support these decision-making processes. Online tools that bring together data and partial solutions are one option to improve decision making in complex, multi-criteria environments. An experiment using a prototype mashup application indicates that these types of applications may significantly decrease time spent and improve overall quality of complex retail decisions.
The Impact of Personal Electronic Communications on Work-Life Balance and Cognitive Absorption
Authors: Mahatanankoon Pruthikrai
Published: December 2011

E-mail and instant messaging (IM) are essential ingredients of workplace communication. The study examines how the hedonic use of electronic communications influences work-life balance and cognitive absorption. Data collected from white-collar employees in the United States show that work-life balance mediates the relationship between personal e-mail and cognitive absorption, and that personal instant messaging has no impact on work-life balance but has a direct influence on employees’ cognitive absorption. The findings suggest that work-life balance may eventually increase cognitive absorption and reduce employees’ productivity. The findings provide insight into how different types of personal communication can influence work-life balance as well as into how to manage non-work-related electronic communications in the workplace.
Tlowitsis Re-Imagined
Authors: Corbett Jon , Mann Raquel
Published: December 2011

Using the case study of the Tlowitsis, a dispersed indigenous community in British Columbia, Canada, this paper explores the role of ICTs, and in particular participatory video, in nation building. Also, the paper identifies factors that affect both the involvement and exclusion of the membership and addresses the challenges faced and lessons learned. ICTs, in particular new media technologies, offer great potential to overcome the geographic barriers caused by dispersal. However, it remains uncertain how they might contribute to the process of nation building. In this regard, the authors present six fundamental requirements for nation building, and then use these requirements to structure an analysis of the Tlowitsis case study.
Information Technology and Financial Markets
Authors: Crooks Donald , Slayton John , Burbridge John
Published: December 2011

Much has been written about information technology and its role in reinventing financial markets. Today’s markets are truly global, and the interconnectedness is the result of information and communication technologies (ICT) providing the necessary infrastructure. A financial crisis in any part of the world can cause widespread disruptions due to this interconnectedness. Clearly, the Asian crisis in the late 1990s, the sub-prime mortgage loan issues in 2006 and 2007, and the problems occurring in Greece and the U.S. “Flash Crash” in 2010 were exacerbated by the ability of technology to allow financial markets to instantaneously respond in a negative fashion.
Linked Data Driven Information Systems as an Enabler for Integrating Financial Data
Authors: O’Riain Seán , Harth Andreas , Curry Edward
Published: December 2011

With increased dependence on efficient use and inclusion of diverse corporate and Web based data sources for business information analysis, financial information providers will increasingly need agile information integration capabilities. Linked Data is a set of technologies and best practices that provide such a level of agility for information integration, access, and use. Current approaches struggle to cope with multiple data sources inclusion in near real-time, and have looked to Semantic Web technologies for assistance with infrastructure access, and dealing with multiple data formats and their vocabularies. This chapter discusses the challenges of financial data integration, provides the component architecture of Web enabled financial data integration and outlines the emergence of a financial ecosystem, based upon existing Web standards usage. Introductions to Semantic Web technologies are given, and the chapter supports this with insight and discussion gathered from multiple financial services use case implementations. Finally, best practice for integrating Web data based on the Linked Data principles and emergent areas are described.
Effective Guidelines for Facilitating Construction of Successful, Advanced, User-Centric IAM Frameworks
Authors: Karantjias Athanasios , Polemi Nineta
Published: December 2011

Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems are considered as one of the core elements of any sound security electronic framework for electronic business processes. Their ability to quickly and reliably verify who is trying to access what service, and what they are authorized to do, is both a business enabler and a core requirement for meeting regulatory demands. However, IAM systems are difficult to implement since they touch virtually every end-user, numerous business processes, as well as every IT application and infrastructure component of an enterprise, and therefore most of the times IAM implementations fall short of expectations. This chapter proposes an effective way of approaching, designing, and implementing a constructive, user-centric, standards-based, centralized, and federated IAM system, with which a trust relationship among the involved entities is established in a secure and interoperable way, enabling end-users to easily gain electronic and/or mobile (e/m) access to advanced business services, and Service Providers (SPs) to effectively enhance their infrastructures by easily adopting it in their systems. In addition, a collective knowledge of IAM systems’ implementation best practices is presented.
Privacy Hash Table
Authors: Sun Xiaoxun , Li Min
Published: December 2011

A number of organizations publish microdata for purposes such as public health and demographic research. Although attributes of microdata that clearly identify individuals, such as name, are generally removed, these databases can sometimes be joined with other public databases on attributes such as Zip code, Gender, and Age to re-identify individuals who were supposed to remain anonymous. These linking attacks are made easier by the availability of other complementary databases over the Internet. K-anonymity is a technique that prevents linking attacks by generalizing or suppressing portions of the released microdata so that no individual can be uniquely distinguished from a group of size k. In this chapter, we investigate a practical full-domain generalization model of k-anonymity and examine the issue of computing minimal k-anonymous solution. We introduce the hash-based technique previously used in mining associate rules and present an efficient and effective privacy hash table structure to derive the minimal solution. The experimental results show the proposed hash-based technique is highly efficient compared with the binary search method.
Privacy Protection Issues for Healthcare Wellness Clouds
Authors: Grandison Tyrone , Hsueh Pei-yun S , Zeng Liangzhao , Chang Henry , Chen Yi-Hui , Lan Ci-Wei , Pai Hao-Ting (Howard) , Tseng Li-Feng
Published: December 2011

Healthcare is ubiquitous in every business organization. Whether as the primary focus of the business or as a function of the well-being of a firm’s employees, health issues play a dominant role in commerce. This recognition and the demonstrated benefits of a healthy contributor or worker have promoted a rejuvenated emphasis on wellness. In order to garner the benefits of cloud computing and foster improved employee health, the Taiwan Collaboratory is developing a first instance of a Wellness Cloud, which is an integrated, interconnected, and intelligent well-being platform. As the data held in this cloud is potentially very sensitive, the protection of this data is of utmost importance. In this chapter, we present issues and solutions for protecting user data while enabling the data to be usefully processed and for value to be derived, by using advanced technology and by harnessing the cumulative knowledge or wisdom of the collective of users.
Protecting Privacy by Secure Computation
Authors: Kerschbaum Florian , Funke Daniel
Published: December 2011

We consider collaborative social network analysis without revealing private inputs of the participants. This problem arises in criminal investigations of federal police organization where single organizations may not reveal their data without probable cause, but the aggregation of all data entails new information, such as the entire social network structure. We present algorithms for securely computing either the entire, anonymized graph or only specific metrics for individuals. We use secure computation protocols to disclose nothing, but the output of the analysis, i.e. anything that cannot be derived from one’s input and output – including other parties’ input – remains private. We have implemented a prototype for SAP’s investigative case management system – a derivate of its customer relationship management.
Consumer Privacy Protection in the European Union
Authors: Wang Faye Fangfei
Published: December 2011

With the development of automated information systems, consumers’ decisions can be made based on models of individuals’ preferences without any personal interaction. This raises serious concerns regarding data-privacy protection. Up-to-date legislation and appropriate technological measures are needed to enhance lawful access, process, and storage of sensitive personal data under automated information systems. This chapter provides the general interpretation of the requirements of security, personal data breach notification systems, and enforcement mechanisms according to the EU data privacy protection legislation. It aims to examine and evaluate whether the EC Data Protection Directive in 1995 and the new EC e-Privacy Directive amended by the Directive 2009/136/EC are sufficient to ensure the security of the future development of automated information systems that automatically capture, process, store, and analyse sensitive personal data across the EU countries. It discusses the impact of the EC directives to business organizations and proposes solutions to enhance the protection of users’/consumers’ privacy from a legal perspective.