bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Issues in the Botswana Adult Basic Education Program
Authors: Modise Oitshepile MmaB
Published: July 2015

This chapter is a case study analysis of the management of the Adult Basic Education Program in Botswana. The chapter focuses on management issues in the ABEP program using two districts as a case study. The case study examined management issues faced by those implementing the program. The findings reveal that while the program has undergone several comprehensive structural changes, the reality on the ground has remained the same and worsened in some areas. The program faces a problem of lack of resources such as office accommodation, office furniture, and transport to effectively run the activities of the program. The lack of transport leads to poor supervision, late payment of facilitators and at times to cancellation of planned program activities. Responses were consistent in the two districts to suggest there are some wide ranging issues that probably affect all parts of the program.
A Case Study on Training and Leadership
Authors: Raditloaneng Wapula N. , Chawawa Morgen , Shalyefu Rakel Kavena
Published: July 2015

The challenge for African universities is to refocus their research and teaching missions to transform and revitalize the relationship between higher education and national development needs. Funded by British Academy African Partnerships (BAAP) programme, the University of Botswana, in partnership with The National University of Lesotho, University of Malawi and Calabar University in Nigeria, carried out 18 months of collaborative research project aimed at determining the implementation of Third Mission of Universities through rural community training and leadership. One of the two case studies, in D'Kar by Kellogg, in partnership with BA ISAGO University College yielded some very useful results. This included the necessity to build community leadership for sustainable development and the beginning of the poverty reduction process to take place.
The Evolution of Effective Leadership Practices in Botswana Horticulture Council
Authors: Montsho Cheneso Bolden , Mosweunyane Dama
Published: July 2015

Botswana Horticultural Council was formed by District Horticultural Associations. It represents and advocates for the interest and development of horticultural farmers. Botswana Horticultural Council leads the associations by acting as their voice, protecting their interest, advocating for conducive and favourable horticultural policies, working closely with the Ministry of Agriculture for promoting and facilitating sound extension services for horticulture farmers in the country. Extension Service provides technical knowledge and skills for improved horticultural crop production that ensures good quality products. Botswana Horticultural Council creates linkages by networking with other relevant organizations within the country and outside. It promotes sustainability of the horticultural business in the country by ensuring improved management practices, conformity to the required production standards, good handling and packaging of products, proper records keeping and marketing efficiency. It plays a leading and coordinative role in horticultural crop production in Botswana.
The Evolution of Effective Leadership Practices in Farmers' Associations in Swaziland
Authors: Keregero Keregero J. B. , Keregero Mariam B. M.
Published: July 2015

This Chapter discusses the evolution of leadership practices in farmers' associations, noting that associations are, typically, not alien to Swazis. It identifies leadership structures and support systems. It reveals that members of farmers' associations are aware of their available leadership structures and support systems and utilize them in day-to-day interaction with their associations; and consider most structures to be operating effectively, except for failure to circulate minutes of some meetings. Members also consider support systems to be operating effectively. The major challenges that ought to be addressed include: failure to recognize youth and women as potential leaders, and to follow the constitution; formation of cliques; abuse of power; favoritism and nepotism; lack of transparency among leaders; inadequate business and leadership training among office bearers; lack of trust between members and leaders; jealousy and enmity among leaders; infighting among and between members and leaders; and interference from chiefs.
Approaching Leadership from a Lifelong Learning Perspective
Authors: Vives Marga , Orte Carmen , March Martí
Published: July 2015

Lifelong learning is increasingly widespread in our society. Probably, the international increase of the elderly people, as a social group, could be a key factor. In its social dimension, ageing could be conceptualized in terms of real participation and contribution of the elders on several dimensions, as, currently, on the economic factor, where elders have become the most (and sometimes the only) economic pillar in their family. This chapter is focused on the development of the lifelong learning philosophy at the Universities, specifically on the University Programs for Seniors. We would like to reflect on different intervention models and on their principal features and quantitative and qualitative indicators, as educational strategies, student's and professors' expectations, systems of evaluation, cultural adaptations,...and the methodology of the systems of evaluation (internal and/or external qualitative agencies, interviews, discussion groups, mentoring,...) framed within the best practices.
Supervision of Research at Makerere University
Authors: Neema-Abooki Peter , Bisirikirwa Irene
Published: July 2015

This chapter envisions research as a formal and supportive process whose success depends upon the commitment of and the relationship of trust between both the supervisor and the supervisee. Hypothesising that supervision should ensure that the research project be completed within the specified time, it accordingly seeks to find out the relationship underlying supervision and completion of research projects among the postgraduate students in the College of Education and External Studies at Makerere University. A close-ended questionnaire and an interview schedule were used. The findings revealed that about 33% of the students completed their research beyond two years of the stipulated time. The chapter concluded that students that are better supervised tend to complete their research within the stipulated time. Recommendation was for the supervisors to exercise more availability and dedicated support to the supervisee; adding that the supervision-partnership should be respected by both the supervisor and the supervisee.
Sentiment Classification
Authors: Akaichi Jalel
Published: July 2015

In this work, we focus on the application of text mining and sentiment analysis techniques for analyzing Tunisian users' statuses updates on Facebook. We aim to extract useful information, about their sentiment and behavior, especially during the “Arabic spring” era. To achieve this task, we describe a method for sentiment analysis using Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes algorithms, and applying a combination of more than two features. The output of this work consists, on one hand, on the construction of a sentiment lexicon based on the Emoticons and Acronyms' lexicons that we developed based on the extracted statuses updates; and on the other hand, it consists on the realization of detailed comparative experiments between the above algorithms by creating a training model for sentiment classification.
Extracting Definitional Contexts in Spanish Through the Identification of Hyponymy-Hyperonymy Relations
Authors: Acosta Olga , Sierra Gerardo , Aguilar César
Published: July 2015

The automatic extraction of hyponymy-hypernymy relations in text corpus is one important task in Natural Language Processing. This chapter proposes a method for automatically extracting a set of hyponym-hyperonym pairs from a medical corpus in Spanish, expressed in analytical definitions. This kind of definition is composed by a term (the hyponym), a genus term (the hyperonym), and one or more differentiae, that is, a set of particular features proper to the defined term, e.g.: conjunctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva of the eye. Definitions are obtained from definitional contexts, and then sequences of term and genus term. Then, the most frequent hyperonyms are used in order to filter relevant definitions. Additionally, using a bootstrapping technique, new hyponym candidates are extracted from the corpus, based on the previous set of hyponyms/hyperonyms detected.
Revealing Groups of Semantically Close Textual Documents by Clustering
Authors: Dařena František , Žižka Jan
Published: July 2015

The chapter introduces clustering as a family of algorithms that can be successfully used to organize text documents into groups without prior knowledge of these groups. The chapter also demonstrates using unsupervised clustering to group large amount of unlabeled textual data (customer reviews written informally in five natural languages) so it can be used later for further analysis. The attention is paid to the process of selecting clustering algorithms, their parameters, methods of data preprocessing, and to the methods of evaluating the results by a human expert with an assistance of computers, too. The feasibility has been demonstrated by a number of experiments with external evaluation using known labels and expert validation with an assistance of a computer. It has been found that it is possible to apply the same procedures, including clustering, cluster validation, and detection of topics and significant words for different natural languages with satisfactory results.
Semantics-Based Document Categorization Employing Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Žižka Jan , Dařena František
Published: July 2015

The automated categorization of unstructured textual documents according to their semantic contents plays important role particularly linked with the ever growing volume of such data originating from the Internet. Having a sufficient number of labeled examples, a suitable supervised machine learning-based classifier can be trained. When no labeling is available, an unsupervised learning method can be applied, however, the missing label information often leads to worse classification results. This chapter demonstrates a method based on semi-supervised learning when a smallish set of manually labeled examples improves the categorization process in comparison with clustering, and the results are comparable with the supervised learning output. For the illustration, a real-world dataset coming from the Internet is used as the input of the supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning. The results are shown for different number of the starting labeled samples used as “seeds” to automatically label the remaining volume of unlabeled items.
Departing the Ontology Layer Cake
Authors: Browarnik Abel , Maimon Oded
Published: July 2015

In this chapter we analyze Ontology Learning and its goals, as well as the input expected when learning ontologies - peer-reviewed scientific papers in English. After reviewing the Ontology Learning Layer Cake model's shortcomings we suggest an alternative model based on linguistic knowledge. The suggested model would find the meaning of simple components of text – statements. From them it is easy to derive cases and roles that map the reality as a set of entities and relationships or RDF triples, somehow equivalent to Entity-relationship diagrams. Time complexity for the suggested ontology learning framework is constant (O(1)) for a sentence, and O(n) for an ontology with n sentences. We conclude that the Ontology Learning Layer Cake is not adequate for Ontology Learning from text.
Translational Mismatches Involving Clitics (Illustrated from Serbian ~ Catalan Language Pair)
Authors: Milićević Jasmina , Catena Àngels
Published: July 2015

Translation of sentences featuring clitics often poses a problem to machine translation systems. In this chapter, we illustrate, on the material from a Serbian ~ Catalan parallel corpus, a rule-based approach to solving translational structural mismatches between linguistic representations that underlie source- and target language sentences containing clitics. Unlike most studies in this field, which make use of phrase structure formalisms, ours has been conducted within the dependency framework of the Meaning-Text linguistic theory. We start by providing a brief description of Catalan and Serbian clitic systems, then introduce the basics of our framework to finally illustrate Serbian ~ Catalan translational mismatches involving the operations of clitic doubling, clitic climbing, and clitic possessor raising.
Sitting Behavior and Physical Activity of College Students
Authors: D'Abundo Michelle Lee , Sidman Cara L. , Fiala Kelly A.
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline assessment of sitting behaviors and physical activity among college students in a physical activity and wellness course. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure the physical activity and sitting behaviors of college students. Independent t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted to analyze differences in college students' physical activity and sitting behavior based on demographic information. Findings indicated that males were more active than females in the following areas: moderate activity during leisure time, vigorous activity at work, and total vigorous activity. Females reported significantly more time spent sitting than males during the week and on the weekends. Based on this research, there seems to be a need for two concurrent goals relating to health promotion: 1) increasing physical activity, and 2) decreasing prolonged sitting behaviors. Recommendations for practice include revising health curriculums, training health professionals, and gaining stakeholder and leadership support.
Facilitate Effective Decision-Making by Warehousing Reduced Data
Authors: Atigui Faten , Ravat Franck , Song Jiefu , Teste Olivier , Zurfluh Gilles
Published: July 2015

The authors' aim is to provide a solution for multidimensional data warehouse's reduction based on analysts' needs which will specify aggregated schema applicable over a period of time as well as retain only useful data for decision support. Firstly, they describe a conceptual modeling for multidimensional data warehouse. A multidimensional data warehouse's schema is composed of a set of states. Each state is defined as a star schema composed of one fact and its related dimensions. The derivation between states is carried out through combination of reduction operators. Secondly, they present a meta-model which allows managing different states of multidimensional data warehouse. The definition of reduced and unreduced multidimensional data warehouse schema can be carried out by instantiating the meta-model. Finally, they describe their experimental assessments and discuss their results. Evaluating their solution implies executing different queries in various contexts: unreduced single fact table, unreduced relational star schema, reduced star schema and reduced snowflake schema. The authors show that queries are more efficiently calculated within a reduced star schema.
An MDA Approach for the Evolution of Data Warehouses
Authors: Taktak Said , Alshomrani Saleh , Feki Jamel , Zurfluh Gilles
Published: July 2015

Modeling and data warehousing have been considered, for more than one decade, as a new challenging research topic for which different approaches have been proposed. Nevertheless these proposals have focused on static aspects only. In practice, the evolution of the operational information system can lead to changes in its dependent multidimensional data warehouse (i.e. that this system feeds with data), and therefore may require the evolution of the data warehouse model. In this evolving context, the authors propose a model-driven based approach in order to automate the propagation of the evolutions occurred in the source database towards the multidimensional data warehouse. This approach is based on two evolution models, along with a set of transformation rules formalized in Query/View/Transformation. This paper describes this evolution approach for which we are developing a software prototype called DWE© (Data Warehouse Evolution).
In-World Behaviors and Learning in a Virtual World
Authors: Nadolny Larysa , Childs Mark
Published: July 2015

Educational virtual worlds can give students opportunities that would not otherwise be possible in face-to-face settings. The SciEthics Interactive simulations allow learners to conduct scientific research and practice ethical decision-making within a virtual world. This study examined the in-world behaviors that identify students who perceive learning in virtual worlds as effective. Participants include 53 students in higher education coursework. This study indicated that there is a positive relationship between learning and a feeling of presence, specifically with avatar identification. Movement in-world that is explorative and open is also correlated to presence. These findings indicate if learning in virtual worlds is to be perceived as a worthwhile activity by students, then learners require support to develop identification with their avatar and to build a sense of immersion within the virtual world.
Incidental Learning in 3D Virtual Environments
Authors: Thomas Wayne W. , Boechler Patricia M
Published: July 2015

With teachers taking more interest in utilizing 3D virtual environments for educational purposes, research is needed to understand how learners perceive and process information within virtual environments (). In this study, the authors sought to determine if learning style or digital literacy predict incidental learning, that is, learning that occurs without learners being instructed to attend to or learn presented information. One hundred and fifty-five education undergraduate students completed a series of tasks in a virtual environment where additional information unrelated to the tasks was present. The results indicate that in addition to incidental learning taking place in virtual environments, learning style and digital literacy seem to predict incidental learning in some instances. The results also suggest that information display, in this case visual salience, plays a role in incidental learning as the participants performed better on recalling information that was made more salient.
Geology of Glenlyon map-area, Yukon Territory
Authors: Campbell R B
Published: July 2015

Glenlyon map-area covers about 4,900 square miles in south-central Yukon Territory. Though mountainous the area is within the Yukon Plateau.
Tintina Trench, the locus of a major fault, trends northwesterly across the map-area. Northeast of the Trench, Proterozoic sedimentary rocks apparently are unconformably overlain by a sedimentary Carboniferous sequence, which in turn is succeeded by a volcanic and sedimentary unit of probable
Permo-Triassic age.
The section southwest of the Trench is different from that to the northeast though some of the strata are of the same age. Ages are tentative because of lack of fossils, but by correlation with the rocks of nearby areas ages may be assigned with some certainty. Strata representing all periods from
Cambrian to Mississippian and a Permo-Triassic sequence are thought to be present. The Devono Mississippian and Permo-Triassic sections contain volcanic rocks. Older units are sedimentary, In the extreme southwest corner of the map-area are mainly sedimentary Upper Triassic and Jurassic rocks.
Cretaceous and/ or Tertiary terrestrial deposits and Tertiary volcanic rocks underlie small areas.
Extensive granitic batholiths are probably late Mesozoic in age. Ultramafic rocks, believed to be Palaeozoic, are restricted to the area near Little Salmon Lake.
Folds vary in trend from east to northwesterly. Several inferred northwesterly trending faults bound blocks geologically distinct from adjoining blocks.
A lead-zinc-silver deposit east of Little Salmon Lake is the only mineral deposit of importance within the map-area.
Geology and coal resource potential of Early Tertiary Strata along Tintina Trench, Yukon Territory
Authors: Hughes J D , Long D G F
Published: July 2015

Early Tertiary (Paleocene-Eocene) coal-bearing strata, including sandstones, conglomerates and mudstone of alluvial and lacustrine origin, occur within Tintina Trench in southern and central Yukon Territory. Tintina Trench is a major linear structural feature
along which late Cretaceous right-lateral movement in the order of 450 km has been postulated. At least some post-Eocene movement is indicated, however, as these strata are moderately to strongly deformed at most localities.

The early Tertiary succession is generally very poorly exposed, as large parts of the Trench are mantled by thick glacial and alluvial deposits and the coal-bearing strata are generally poorly consolidated. Its total thickness is probably highly variable and Tertiary strata may be absent at some
locations. Minimum thicknesses of 700 to 800 m are indicated near the town of Ross River and northwest of Dawson.

Coal seams ranging in rank from lignite to semi-anthracite occur along the Trench near Watson Lake, Ross River and between Dawson and the U.S. border. Thin seams also occur within undated strata of possibly equivalent age near the Trench in the Dawson and Watson Lake areas. The anomalously high rank
of the bituminous to semi-anthracite coals near Ross River and of the anthracite coal south of the Trench near Dawson, probably relates to thermal upgrading by nearby intrusions.

Coal resource potential is limited by the structural complexity, lateral variability and restricted extent of coal-bearing strata within the Trench. Limited exposure prevents useful resource estimates; however, small, potentially mineable deposits are indicated near Dawson and Ross River. The
structural complexity and generally low rank of the coals suggests that exploitation by current underground mining methods would be impractical. Surface mining would have to be restricted to small-scale operations and, in the Watson Lake area, economics may be adversely affected by the thick
surficial deposits covering the bedrock.
Export constraints facing Lesotho-based manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Mokhethi Motšelisi C. , Vögel Adolf J.
Published: July 2015

Orientation: Exporting is preferred by many enterprises as the mode of foreign entry as it requires less commitment of organisational resources and offers flexibility of managerial actions. However, enterprises face a number of challenges when attempting to initiate exports or expand their export operations.Research purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics and composition of export barriers constraining exporting by Lesotho-based manufacturing enterprises.Motivation for the study: Lesotho is faced with low destination diversity and low diversity in export products.Research design, approach and method: Data was collected from 162 Lesotho-based manufacturing enterprises through a self-administered questionnaire.Main findings: In its findings, the study firstly identified international constraints, distribution constraints and financial constraints as factors constraining exporting. Secondly, it was determined that three exporting constraints, all internal to the enterprise and all related to one factor (namely financial constraint) hampered exporting. Lastly, the ANOVA results revealed that the perceptions of export constraints differed according to the enterprise characteristics, enterprise size, ownership and type of industry.Contribution/value-add: With the majority of enterprises in this study being identified as micro-enterprises, the government of Lesotho needs to pay particular attention to addressing the export needs of these enterprises in order to enable them to participate in exporting activities − especially considering that they can play a pivotal role in the alleviation of poverty, job creation and economic rejuvenation.
Celebrities and spiritual gurus: Comparing two biographical accounts of kidney transplantation and recovery
Authors: Richards Rose
Published: July 2015

Background: As a kidney transplant recipient I have long been exposed to a shortage of renal narratives and to a dominant theme in those that exist: transplant as restitution or redemption. My lived experience has, however, shown me that post-transplant life is more complex. Even after transplantation, chronic kidney disease requires lifelong health care with varying degrees of impairment, resulting in ongoing liminality for those who experience it. Nonetheless, as atransplant recipient I find the restitution or redemptive narrative pervasive and difficult to escape.Objective: I examined two seemingly very dissimilar insider renal biographies, JanetHermans’s Perfect match: A kidney transplant reveals the ultimate second chance, and Steven Cojocaru’s Glamour, interrupted: How I became the best-dressed patient in Hollywood, to explore how the narrators treat chronic kidney disease and transplantation.Methods: In addition to a close textual reading of the biographies, I used my own experience of meaning-making to problematize concepts around restitution or redemptive narratives.Results: I found that the two biographies are, despite appearances and despite the attempts of one author to escape the redemptive form, very much the same type of narrative. The accounts end with the transplant, as is common, but the recipients’ lives continue after this, as they learn to live with their transplants, and this is not addressed.Conclusions: Emphasising restitution or redemption might prevent an understanding ofpost-transplant liminality that has unique characteristics. The narrator evading this narrative form must come to terms with a changed identity and, sometimes, fight to evade the pervasive narratives others impose.
Gun violence, disability and recovery
Authors: Villaveces Andrés
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
When an outsider becomes an insider: A social-scientific and realistic reading of the Merchant (Mt 13:45–46)
Authors: Van Eck Ernest
Published: July 2015

This article presents a social-scientific and realistic reading of the parable of the Merchant, also known as the parable of the Pearl. The parable is interpreted against the backdrop of two cultural scripts that were part of the social world of its first hearers; a negative perception of merchants and mercantilism, and the concept of limited good. As is the case in several other parables of Jesus, the Merchant is about an outsider who becomes an insider, someone who epitomises the values of the kingdom.
The missionary role of mainstream Christianity: Towards a narrative paradigm for social integration of minorities in pluralistic post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Klaasen John S.
Published: July 2015

This article attempts to add to the existing approaches of practical theology and specifically to the missionary approaches of mainline churches towards immigrants. This is an attempt to enhance the mission amongst immigrants by critically engaging with the two approaches, namely: mainstream and margins and pillarization. Notwithstanding the important contributions that these two approaches make to tolerance, integration and cohesion of differences I seek to point out some serious limitations of the two approaches. These limitations include social coercion, co-option, relativism and loss of identity. Considering these limitations a third approach, the narrative approach, takes serious community, tradition and symbol for more effective mission amongst immigrants by mainline churches. Social cohesion, a more realistic reality and integrated communities are some of the consequences of this approach when doing missionary activities amongst immigrants.
Group intervention with institutionalised older persons
Authors: Prinsloo Reineth
Published: July 2015

The number of older people in South Africa is increasing. This demands an increase in services by, inter alia, social workers and services by and within religious settings because of the special needs and challenges related to this particular life phase. Group work with older people can assist in creating an awareness of potential and areas for growth as well as assisting with the challenges of growing older. The article discusses a research study with the goal to explore and describe the experiences of group members of a group for institutionalised older persons. A qualitative research study with a collective case study design was utilised to gain insight into the experiences of the individuals within the group and the experiences of the group as a whole. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were employed as the primary data collection method. Although on a small scale, this research study provides guidelines for group intervention with older people, which allows them to view their lives as meaningful, share personal experiences and problems and realise that they are not alone in their difficulties.
Incarnation theology versus the sacralisation of authority
Authors: Muller Retief
Published: July 2015

This article juxtaposed the theological theme of incarnation with quasi-religious invasions of public power structures and institutions in southern Africa, which has been described by the term sacralisation of authority. Incarnational theology as constructed on the model of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ concerns a Divine-human border crossing from above to below or from power into powerlessness. Sacralisation of authority concerns an opposite process whereby mundane structures and people of power seek to bolster their authority even further by the acquisition of godlike attributes. This article referred to political realities in southern Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe and South Africa as illustrative of the latter, whereas the Tshwane Leadership Foundation – a non-governmental organisation (NGO) operating in Tshwane’s inner city – served as a case study in incarnational theology of the grassroots.
Adolessente se ervaring binne ’n lesbiese ouerhuis: ’n Pastorale-Gestaltteoretiese hulpverlening
Authors: Van der Vlies Belinda , Grobler Herman B. , Denton Rudy A.
Published: July 2015

The article describes the development of adolescents for a sense of self in a lesbian home, in order to compile guidelines for lesbian parents as well as pastoral counsellors to help and guide adolescents to develop a healthy sense of self. From the research results, it appears that there are certain positive and negative aspects of a lesbian home that influence adolescents’ sense of self. Where both parents are involved with the adolescents, share household duties equally and have a quality relationship with each other and the adolescents, the adolescents are generally well-adapted, happy and able to handle challenges in order to develop a healthy sense of self. The positive influence that Christian religious certainty has on the overall development of the adolescents was also confirmed by this study. On the other hand, adolescents experience particular aspects as challenging and impeding in their development of a healthy sense of self: Conflict and criticism from the companion parents are humiliating and destructive. Stigmatising, teasing and rejection from the hetero-normative society, as a result of their parents’ sexual orientation, appear to be the largest obstacles in their psychosocial development. They react in a shy, negative and evasive way to the stigmatisation and withdraw themselves from situations that could be painful and humiliating. It also appears that the absence of a father figure and financial tension in lesbian families are impeding the adolescents’ healthy development of a sense of self.
Reel help for real life: Film therapy and beyond
Authors: Strong Philippa , Lotter George
Published: July 2015

In this article the background, development, therapeutical value and praxis of film therapy in Christian counselling will be addressed. The second part of the article shows what the scenery beyond film therapy may look like and how this form of therapy may extend to other areas of digital and electronic media in the current counselling and pastoral care praxis. Postmodernity, as the context within which the society finds itself, is discussed, as well as the place of films in postmodernity. The important use and application of narratives in the postmodern era is discussed. Film therapy’s development as an outgrowth of bibliotherapy is explained. It is further shown how film therapy as a tool in the praxis of therapy may provide the ideal atmosphere for learning, enjoyment and edification. The scope of the article also reaches beyond the current use of film therapy by suggesting the use of other social and electronic media in a therapeutical way as an ever-increasing possibility. The article ends with some pointers in the use of film therapy.
Conveyance of preaching by vulnerable listeners – A case study of farm workers in the Vredefort Dome South Africa
Authors: De Klerk Barend J.
Published: July 2015

Farm workers living in and around the Vredefort Dome World Heritage Site are some of the most vulnerable people in South Africa. Research by means of a case study with four participants from this group examined the following question: How do vulnerable people continue preaching the Word in this environment by ministering to other vulnerable people with the sermons that they have heard? The case study considered both the environment and the circumstances in which these participants live. This research aimed to establish what it means to preach to those who are vulnerable and how such preaching can be continued by the hearers. A case study by means of a qualitative empirical investigation called upon a few of the vulnerable hearers to speak.Thefindings included that the participants to this case study do not spread the sermons further on a regular basis, but they would be able to edify and encourage other vulnerable persons with it if needed. If they do talk to each other about the sermon directly after the worship service (like it was done during the interviews), their confidence to proclaim the message to other vulnerable people who do not participate in the worship services will increase. Plaaswerkers wat in die omgewing van die wêrelderfenisgebied, die Vredefortkoepel, woon, is van die mees weerlose wesens in Suid-Afrika. ’n Gevallestudie, waaraan vier van hierdie persone deelgeneem het, is gedoen. Dit het oor die volgende vraag gehandel: Hoe word preke wat aan weerloses bedien word deur hulle aan ander in hulle omgewing wat in dieselfde omstandighede verkeer, voortgedra? Die omgewing waarin die deelnemers woon en hulle lewensomstandighede is nagegaan. Daar is gepoog om vas te stel wat onder prediking aan weerloses verstaan word en hoe sodanige prediking deur die hoorders verder versprei kan word. Die gevallestudie, wat deur middel van ’n kwalitatiewe empiriese ondersoek plaasgevind het, het enkele van die weerlose hoorders self aan die woord laat kom. Die bevinding was dat die deelnemers hieraan nie die preke op ŉgereelde basis verder laat weerklink nie, maar dat hulle wel in staat sou wees om ander weerlose persone daarmee te versterk en te bemoedig. Indien hulle wel onmiddellik na die diens met mekaar oor die preek van die dag sou gesels (soos dit in die onderhoude gedoen is), kan die vrymoedigheid groei om die boodskap ook aan ander weerlose mense wat nie aan die erediens deelgeneem het nie, oor te dra.
Tyd leer jou lieg
Authors: Slabbert Mathilda
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
Absurde maar onderkoelde emosie
Authors: Viljoen Hein
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
Liminality in J.M. Coetzee’s later experimental texts
Authors: Grobler Annemie , De Lange A.M. , Wenzel M.J.
Published: July 2015

Postcoloniality, which is essentially concerned with the transition and transgression of boundaries and borders, contextualises and defines liminality as an ephemeral concept that eludes pinning down. Liminality is continually involved in a dual process of evolving and subverting: dynamic in the sense of promoting the centre, but subversive in its destabilisation of the previous status quo. In the more recent novels by Coetzee (Slow man, Diary of a bad year, Elizabeth Costello), themes that are especially acute in highlighting the subversive nature of liminality emerge repeatedly: the threshold, death, proliferation and imitation. The problem investigated is: how is the concept of liminality developed in these novels? An examination of these novels in terms of the above-mentioned themes and various conceptual and theoretical elements shows that Coetzee encourages the reader to assume a liminal status, not only as reader of the texts but also in relation to contemporary reality. It is concluded that Coetzee uses certain themes that promote liminality, often in a subversive and deconstructive manner, to inform the reader and, thus, influence him or her to effect change in the contemporary world.
‘[D]ie beeld wat Berlyn by my nagelaat het’
Authors: Van Schalkwyk Phil
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
Overview of receptor-based source apportionment studies for speciated atmospheric mercury
Authors: Cheng I. , Xu X. , Zhang L.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Receptor-based source apportionment studies of speciated atmospheric mercury are not only concerned with source contributions but also with the influence of transport, transformation, and deposition processes on speciated atmospheric mercury concentrations at receptor locations. Previous studies applied multivariate receptor models including principal components analysis and positive matrix factorization, and back trajectory receptor models including potential source contribution function, gridded frequency distributions, and concentration–back trajectory models. Combustion sources (e.g., coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicular, industrial and waste incineration emissions), crustal/soil dust, and chemical and physical processes, such as gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) oxidation reactions, boundary layer mixing, and GEM flux from surfaces were inferred from the multivariate studies, which were predominantly conducted at receptor sites in Canada and the US. Back trajectory receptor models revealed potential impacts of large industrial areas such as the Ohio River valley in the US and throughout China, metal smelters, mercury evasion from the ocean and the Great Lakes, and free troposphere transport on receptor measurements. Input data and model parameters specific to atmospheric mercury receptor models are summarized and model strengths and weaknesses are also discussed. Multivariate models are suitable for receptor locations with intensive air monitoring because they require long-term collocated and simultaneous measurements of speciated atmospheric Hg and ancillary pollutants. The multivariate models provide more insight about the types of Hg emission sources and Hg processes that could affect speciated atmospheric Hg at a receptor location, whereas back trajectory receptor models are mainly ideal for identifying potential regional Hg source locations impacting elevated Hg concentrations. Interpretation of the multivariate model output to sources can be subjective and challenging when speciated atmospheric Hg is not correlated with ancillary pollutants and when source emissions profiles and knowledge of Hg chemistry are incomplete. The majority of back trajectory receptor models have not accounted for Hg transformation and deposition processes and could not distinguish between upwind and downwind sources effectively. Ensemble trajectories should be generated to take into account the trajectory uncertainties where possible. One area of improvement that applies to all the receptor models reviewed in this study is the greater focus on evaluating the accuracy of the models at identifying potential speciated atmospheric mercury sources, source locations, and chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. In addition to receptor model improvements, the data quality of speciated atmospheric Hg plays an equally important part in producing accurate receptor model results.
High-resolution continuous-flow analysis setup for water isotopic measurement from ice cores using laser spectroscopy
Authors: Emanuelsson B. D. , Baisden W. T. , Bertler N. A. N. , Keller E. D. , Gkinis V.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Here we present an experimental setup for water stable isotope (δ18O and δD) continuous-flow measurements and provide metrics defining the performance of the setup during a major ice core measurement campaign (Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution; RICE). We also use the metrics to compare alternate systems. Our setup is the first continuous-flow laser spectroscopy system that is using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS; analyzer manufactured by Los Gatos Research, LGR) in combination with an evaporation unit to continuously analyze water samples from an ice core. A Water Vapor Isotope Standard Source (WVISS) calibration unit, manufactured by LGR, was modified to (1) enable measurements on several water standards, (2) increase the temporal resolution by reducing the response time and (3) reduce the influence from memory effects. While this setup was designed for the continuous-flow analysis (CFA) of ice cores, it can also continuously analyze other liquid or vapor sources. The custom setups provide a shorter response time (~ 54 and 18 s for 2013 and 2014 setup, respectively) compared to the original WVISS unit (~ 62 s), which is an improvement in measurement resolution. Another improvement compared to the original WVISS is that the custom setups have a reduced memory effect. Stability tests comparing the custom and WVISS setups were performed and Allan deviations (σAllan) were calculated to determine precision at different averaging times. For the custom 2013 setup the precision after integration times of 103 s is 0.060 and 0.070 ‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively. The corresponding σAllan values for the custom 2014 setup are 0.030, 0.060 and 0.043 ‰ for δ18O, δD and δ17O, respectively. For the WVISS setup the precision is 0.035, 0.070 and 0.042 ‰ after 103 s for δ18O, δD and δ17O, respectively. Both the custom setups and WVISS setup are influenced by instrumental drift with δ18O being more drift sensitive than δD. The σAllan values for δ18O are 0.30 and 0.18 ‰ for the custom 2013 and WVISS setup, respectively, after averaging times of 104 s (2.78 h). Using response time tests and stability tests, we show that the custom setups are more responsive (shorter response time), whereas the University of Copenhagen (UC) setup is more stable. More broadly, comparisons of different setups address the challenge of integrating vaporizer/spectrometer isotope measurement systems into a CFA campaign with many other analytical instruments.
Paleoclimate reconstruction in the Levant region from the petrography and the geochemistry of a MIS 5 stalagmite from the Kanaan Cave, Lebanon
Authors: Nehme C. , Verheyden S. , Noble S. R. , Farrant A. R. , Delannoy J. J. , Claeys P.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Lying at the transition between the temperate Mediterranean domain and subtropical deserts, the Levant is a key area to study the palaeoclimatic response over glacial-interglacial cycles. This paper presents a precisely dated last interglacial (MIS 5) stalagmite (129–84 ka) from the Kanaan Cave, Lebanon. Variations in growth rate and isotopic records indicate a warm humid phase at the onst of the last interglacial at ~129 ka that lasted until ~125 ka. A gradual shift in speleothem isotopic composition (125–122 ka) is driven mainly by the δ18O source effect of the Eastern Mediterranean surface waters during Sapropel S5. The onset of glacial inception began after ~122 ka, interrupted by a short wet pulse during Sapropel S4. Low growth rates and enriched oxygen and carbon values until ~84 ka indicate a transition to drier conditions during Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Insights into the early Eocene hydrological cycle from an ensemble of atmosphere–ocean GCM simulations
Authors: Carmichael M. J. , Lunt D. J. , Huber M. , Heinemann M. , Kiehl J. , LeGrande A. , Loptson C. A. , Roberts C. D. , Sagoo N. , Shields C. , Valdes P. J. , Winguth A. , Winguth C. , Pancost R. D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Recent studies, utilising a range of proxies, indicate that a significant perturbation to global hydrology occurred at the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 Ma). An enhanced hydrological cycle for the warm early Eocene is also suggested to have played a key role in maintaining high-latitude warmth during this interval. However, comparisons of proxy data to General Circulation Model (GCM) simulated hydrology are limited and inter-model variability remains poorly characterised, despite significant differences in simulated surface temperatures. In this work, we undertake an intercomparison of GCM-derived precipitation and P-E distributions within the EoMIP ensemble (Lunt et al., 2012), which includes previously-published early Eocene simulations performed using five GCMs differing in boundary conditions, model structure and precipitation relevant parameterisation schemes. We show that an intensified hydrological cycle, manifested in enhanced global precipitation and evaporation rates, is simulated for all Eocene simulations relative to preindustrial. This is primarily due to elevated atmospheric paleo-CO2, although the effects of differences in paleogeography/ice sheets are also of importance in some models. For a given CO2 level, globally-averaged precipitation rates vary widely between models, largely arising from different simulated surface air temperatures. Models with a similar global sensitivity of precipitation rate to temperature (dP/dT) display different regional precipitation responses for a given temperature change. Regions that are particularly sensitive to model choice include the South Pacific, tropical Africa and the Peri-Tethys, which may represent targets for future proxy acquisition. A comparison of early and middle Eocene leaf-fossil-derived precipitation estimates with the GCM output illustrates that a number of GCMs underestimate precipitation rates at high latitudes. Models which warm these regions, either via elevated CO2 or by varying poorly constrained model parameter values, are most successful in simulating a match with geologic data. Further data from low-latitude regions and better constraints on early Eocene CO2 are now required to discriminate between these model simulations given the large error bars on paleoprecipitation estimates. Given the clear differences apparent between simulated precipitation distributions within the ensemble, our results suggest that paleohydrological data offer an independent means by which to evaluate model skill for warm climates.
Are there multiple scaling regimes in Holocene temperature records?
Authors: Nilsen T. , Rypdal K. , Fredriksen H.-B.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The concept of multiple scaling regimes in temperature time series is examined, with emphasis on the question whether or not a mono-scaling model can be rejected from the data at hand. A model with only one regime is simpler and is preferred if this explains the observed variability. Our analysis of spectra from reconstructed air temperature from Greenland and Antarctica ice cores shows that a scale break around centennial time scales is evident for the last glacial period, but not for the Holocene. Nor by analysing a number of late Holocene multiproxy temperature reconstructions can a significant scale break be identified. Our results indicate that a mono-scaling model cannot be rejected as a null model for the Holocene climate up to at least millennial time scales, although it can be rejected for the glacial climate state. The scale break observed from the glacial time ice core records is likely caused by the influence of Dansgaard–Oeschger events and teleconnections to the Southern Hemisphere on centennial time scales. From our analysis we conclude that the two-regime model is not sufficiently justified for the Holocene to be used for temperature prediction on centennial time scales.