bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Education and Information Technology: Challenges and Problems
Authors: Sajjadi Seyed Mahdi
Published: September 2008

Abstract.  With advances in information technology, the velocity of information production on the global level has expanded as well. This acceleration has led to the delegitimizing of knowledge, the equating of information with knowledge, and the giving of predominance to information rather than knowledge. This advance has created epistemological challenges for the process of religious education. At the same time, the growth of the internet has created a “rhizomatic space” possessing new methodological characteristics that create problems for religious education. Information technology generates a “hypertextual learning space,” which weakens the place of traditional texts in the learning process, particularly in a traditional religious education process. This hypertextual development is especially problematic for religious education in conservative or fundamentalist traditions. This article analyzes the epistemological, methodological, and contextual problems and challenges posed by information technology for traditional religious education processes.
The Ethics of Effective Teaching: Challenges from the Religious Right and Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Trelstad Marit
Published: September 2008

Abstract.  This essay asks: What are the ethics of engaging self‐identified “conservative” students in topics and processes of learning that may unravel their world‐view and possibly their personal lives? We should take their concerns, fear, and distrust seriously and not simply dismiss them as ignorant. We should strive to be “trustworthy” educators, guiding students through the consequences of transformative education. This paper argues that conservative students are critically examining and reacting to the liberal academy by leveling critiques similar to those found within feminist, post‐colonial and post modern pedagogies. This essay reviews contemporary postmodern, postcolonial, and feminist pedagogies, which analyze bias and power in the classroom and have sought to represent marginalized voices in the classroom in order to challenge the way education often simply serves and protects the interests of the privileged. Pedagogies centered on subject or disciplinary method cannot secure a trustworthy pedagogy since method, thinking skills, and subjects are themselves bias‐laden. But critical pedagogy offers insights to help us achieve the goal of becoming trustworthy educators for students coming from a wide spectrum of religious perspectives.
Human ProNGF: biological effects and binding profiles at TrkA, P75NTR and sortilin
Authors: Clewes Oliver , Fahey Mark S. , Tyler Sue J. , Watson Judy J. , Seok Heon , Catania Caterina , Cho Kwangwook , Dawbarn David , Allen Shelley J.
Published: September 2008

Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes cell survival via binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA). Its precursor, proNGF, binds to p75NTR and sortilin receptors to initiate apoptosis. Current disagreement exists over whether proNGF acts neurotrophically following binding to TrkA. As in Alzheimer’s disease the levels of proNGF increase and TrkA decrease, it is important to clarify the properties of proNGF. Here, wild‐type and cleavage‐resistant mutated forms (M) of proNGF were engineered and their binding characteristics determined. M‐proNGF and NGF bound to p75NTR with similar affinities, whilst M‐proNGF had a lower affinity than NGF for TrkA. M‐proNGF behaved neurotrophically, albeit less effectively than NGF. M‐proNGF addition resulted in phosphorylation of TrkA and ERK1/2, and in PC12 cells elicited neurite outgrowth and supported cell survival. Conversely, M‐proNGF addition to cultured cortical neurons initiated caspase 3 cleavage. Importantly, these biological effects were shown to be mediated by unprocessed M‐proNGF. Surprisingly, binding of the pro region alone to TrkA, at a site other than that of NGF, caused TrkA and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our data show that M‐proNGF stimulates TrkA to a lesser degree than NGF, suggesting that in Alzheimer brain the increased proNGF : NGF and p75NTR : TrkA ratios may permit apoptotic effects to predominate over neurotrophic effects.
Mechanisms of Zn2+ efflux in cultured cortical neurons
Authors: Qin Yan , Thomas Dustin , Fontaine Charles P. , Colvin Robert A.
Published: September 2008

Zinc dyshomeostasis in brain might be involved in the pathogenesis of brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. Resting neurons tightly regulate and maintain low to subnanomolar levels of intracellular free Zn2+, but mechanisms of normal Zn2+ homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, the mechanisms of transporter‐mediated Zn2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane of cultured cortical neurons were studied. Changes in intracellular free Zn2+ levels were tracked in individual neurons by microfluorometry using a Zn2+ selective fluorophore, FluoZin3. Unopposed Zn2+ efflux was measured by first loading cultured cortical neurons with Zn2+ then reducing extracellular Zn2+ to near zero by addition of EDTA. Studies revealed that the primary means of Zn2+ efflux in cortical neurons required both extracellular Na+ and Ca2+. The actions of either Na+ or Ca2+ on Zn2+ efflux were blunted in the absence of the other cation. Reversed Na+ gradients could induce Zn2+ uptake. The Na+ dependence of Zn2+ efflux was not affected by a small pHo shift (7.6–8); whereas an effect of Ca2+ was not observed at pHo 8. In summary, a Na+, Ca2+/Zn2+ exchanger mechanism is proposed to be the primary transport mechanism that extrudes Zn2+ when neuronal intracellular free Zn2+ levels rise.
Caritas – caring as an ethical conduct
Authors: Levy‐Malmberg Rika , Eriksson Katie , Lindholm Lisbet
Published: September 2008

The aim of this theoretical study is to describe and analyze caritas by seeking the primary source for this phenomenon, which is used as a central motive in Eriksson’s Caritative Theory. The search for the origin and the essence of caritas by critical analysis will create an opportunity to assimilate new meaning into the practice of caring science. This new meaning, based on interpretation, will also act as a solid base for the creation of future theories within caring science. Although this study does not intend to create a new theory for this domain, an attempt is made to shed light on new understandings to establish a deeper foundation for further discussion. Therefore, the methodological basis used is the hermeneutics phenomenology described by Nygren. The starting points refer to three basic assumptions, the former two of which present the core of caring science as an academic discipline; the latter borrows from philosophical creation theology. Therefore, the path for analyzing caritas and the significance of developing a deeper and meaningful understanding are based on the writing of Eriksson as well as through historical and philosophical sources from Judaism, such as the Bible and the Talmud. The results of this study have introduced a new meaning and created a ‘space’ for caritas. These results are related to the notion of attitudes, being driven by curiosity and questioning, that link faith and scientific investigation. Above all, these attitudes form a central motive profoundly linked to love. Hence, caritas as an attitude turns the concept of care into a more ethical act. However, these new understandings have given rise to ethical questions that obligate consideration towards further study.
A Manual of Guidelines to Score the Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale and Its Validation in Acute Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Salvi Fabio , Miller Mark D. , Grilli Annalisa , Giorgi Raffaella , Towers Adele L. , Morichi Valeria , Spazzafumo Liana , Mancinelli Lucia , Espinosa Emma , Rappelli Alessandro , Dessì‐Fulgheri Paolo
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To update previous guidelines to score the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) and test their usefulness in hospitalized elderly patients.

DESIGN: The CIRS was scored retrospectively in a cohort of elderly patients followed for 18 months.

SETTING: An acute internal medicine ward in an academic tertiary care hospital.

PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred eighty‐seven patients aged 65 and older.

MEASUREMENTS: The CIRS was retrospectively scored for the enrolled patients. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated. Two illness severity indices (total score (TSC) and severity (SV)) and one comorbidity index (CM) were obtained. Clinical features and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) variables were also used. All patients underwent an 18‐month follow‐up for mortality and rehospitalization.

RESULTS: Intrarater and interrater reliability of the CIRS scored following the guidelines was good (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.81, respectively). The TSC, SV, and CM correlated with clinical features (laboratory values, medication usage, and length of in‐hospital stay) and CGA variables (cognitive impairment, depression and disability). All three indices were able to predict 18‐month mortality and rehospitalization rates.

CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the validity of the CIRS as an indicator of health status and demonstrated its ability to predict 18‐month mortality and rehospitalization in hospitalized elderly patients. The availability of detailed guidelines for scoring the CIRS can improve its usefulness and facilitate more‐widespread use for research and clinical aims.
Fatigue Predicts Mortality in Older Adults
Authors: Hardy Susan E. , Studenski Stephanie A
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between fatigue and survival over 10 years in a population of older community‐dwelling primary care patients.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: Medicare health maintenance organization and Veterans Affairs primary care programs.

PARTICIPANTS: Older primary care patients (N=492).

MEASUREMENTS: Fatigue, operationalized as feeling tired most of the time, was assessed at baseline. Mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Covariates included demographics, comorbidity, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, body mass index, self‐rated health, functional status, and gait speed.

RESULTS: Mortality rates at 10 years were 59% (123/210) for older adults with fatigue, versus 38% (106/282) for those without fatigue (P<.001). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, participants who were tired at baseline had a greater risk of death than those who were not (hazard ratio=1.44, 95% confidence interval=1.08–1.93).

CONCLUSION: A single simple question “Do you feel tired most of the time?” identifies older adults with a higher risk of mortality. Further research is needed to identify and characterize the underlying mechanisms of fatigue, to develop and test specific treatments, and to determine whether improvement leads to decreased morbidity and mortality.
Research Opportunities in Simulation‐based Medical Education Using Deliberate Practice
Authors: McGaghie William C.
Published: September 2008

There are many opportunities for the academic emergency medicine (EM) community to engage in simulation‐based educational research using deliberate practice (DP). This article begins by defining and giving examples of two key concepts: deliberate practice and mastery learning. The article proceeds to report six lessons learned from a research legacy in simulation‐based medical education (SBME). It concludes by listing and amplifying 10 DP research opportunities in academic EM. A coda states that the research agenda is rich and ambitious and should focus on the goal of educating superb, expert clinicians.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma on the external ear: a case report
Authors: Ragsdale Bruce D. , Lee Jessica P. , Mines Jill
Published: September 2008

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. It typically has middle ear/temporal bone and nasopharynx as its most common head and neck sites. In fact, ‘middle ear’ is what is meant by ‘ear’ location in the many reports of pediatric RMS. This case report, however, is of RMS occurring on the external ear of a young female. RMS in skin should motivate a search for an occult extremity or visceral tumor, which was not present in this case.
Metastatic parachordoma
Authors: Guedes Alex , Barreto Bruno G. , Barreto Lara G. S. , De Oliveira Araújo Iguaracyra B. , Queiroz Aristides C. , Athanazio Daniel A. , Athanazio Paulo R. F.
Published: September 2008

Tumors traditionally classified as parachordomas are rare, usually indolent, soft tissue neoplasms. This case report describes a 6‐year‐old girl with a mass in her left forearm measuring 11 × 6 cm. Foci of moderate nuclear atypia and various areas of necrosis were found in the tumor. Lung metastases were detected 3 months after diagnosis. Immunophenotyping revealed a strong, diffuse expression of pancytokeratin, S‐100 protein, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and focal expression of chromogranin A. This is the fifth documented report on cases of metastasized parachordomas. It is rare for these neoplasms to show such aggressive behavior; moreover, immunoreactivity to chromogranin A is unexpected in these tumors. The relationship between the so‐called parachordomas and soft tissue myoepithelioma/mixed tumors is discussed, including the recently defined pediatric myoepithelial carcinoma.
Lipodermatosclerosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases and differential diagnosis from erythema nodosum
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Mao , Lee Julia Y.‐Y.
Published: September 2008

Background: The clinical manifestations of lipodermatosclerosis (LDS) may mimic cellulitis and various panniculitides. Methods: To better characterize the histopathologic changes of LDS, we reviewed the clinicopathologic findings of 26 cases with a pathologic diagnosis consistent with LDS. A final diagnosis of LDS was made in 17 cases based on the clinicopathological correlation. As some cases manifested erythema nodosum (EN)‐like lesions, 14 specimens of EN were reviewed to identify features for differential diagnosis. Results: Microscopically, the acute LDS lesions were characterized by patchy hemorrhage, ischemic fat necrosis with lipophages or hyalinization in the fat lobules. As the disease progressed to the subacute and chronic stages, lipomembranous or membranocystic fat necrosis, septal fibrosis and background venous stasis in the dermis became more pronounced. In contrast, EN typically displayed minimal venous stasis and membranocystic fat necrosis. Conclusions: LDS may manifest as EN‐like lesions. Therefore LDS should be included in the differential diagnosis of EN. Clinicopathologic correlation is essential for diagnosis. Differentiating the acute LDS from the early EN is more difficult. A constellation of the findings of septal/lobular panniculitis, hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue, and lipophages and/or ischemic fat necrosis in the fat lobules favors the diagnosis of acute LDS.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHREDDED WHEAT
Authors: LAURINDO J.B. , PELEG M.
Published: September 2008

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a methodology for mechanical characterization of brittle foods with strong anisotropy. Spoon‐sized pieces of three commercial brands of dry shredded wheat were chosen for the demonstration. They were compressed along their three principal axes, individually and grouped in the same orientation. The force‐displacement curves in the three directions were all irregular and irreproducible but had discernible features characteristic of the specimen's orientation. When tested as constrained groups, these features could change, depending on the compression direction, reflecting on the contribution of the broken structure's remnants to the specimen's mechanical resistance. The assemblies’ force‐displacement curves were all smoother than those of the individual particles, a result of the “averaging effect.” The overall force level could not be predicted from the number of pieces because of differences in the specimens’ post‐failure response to added deformation. The jaggedness of the normalized (dimensionless) force oscillations record was quantified in terms of an apparent Kolmogorov (fractal) dimension, determined with the box counting algorithm. Its value strongly depended on the smoothing model's goodness fit if the fit was too close, but not if it only captured the general shape of the force‐displacement curve.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Despite the irregular and irreproducible mechanical signature of shredded wheat and the dependence on the specimens’ orientation, it is still possible to characterize the products’ mechanical properties in a way that distinguishes between their overall strength and brittleness. The described method could help to quantify textural differences between these and other brittle food products, and probably identify the conditions under which crunchiness would be maintained or lost.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND BOSTWICK MEASUREMENT DURING MANUFACTURE OF KETCHUP
Authors: MCCARTHY KATHRYN L. , SACHER ROBERT F. , GARVEY T. CASEY
Published: September 2008

The Bostwick consistometer remains an integral part of assessing the consistency of tomato products. For instance, the consistency of lots of tomato paste are designated at the factory by their Bostwick measurement; tomato ketchup is produced to meet Bostwick ranges given in U.S. Standards for Grades. This work addresses the blending of tomato pastes, at different Bostwick readings, for use in the remanufacture of ketchup. For both blends and ketchup, the Bostwick measurement was correlated to rheological parameters measured by two methods: a single‐point method and rotational viscometry. The correlations between the Bostwick measurement and the viscosity were compared with the theoretical prediction based on gravity current flow. The results illustrate that the relationship between the Bostwick measurement and (K/ρ)−1/(2n+3) provides a means to predict the Bostwick length from at‐line or in‐line viscosity measurements.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The results of this work provide a means to predict the Bostwick length from at‐line or in‐line viscosity measurements. Specifically, the quantitative relationships presented in the article allow in‐line process control schemes to improve final product quality.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE DENSITY, PROP SENSITIVITY AND BREAD ROUGHNESS PERCEPTION
Authors: BAKKE ALYSSA , VICKERS ZATA
Published: September 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine if fungiform papillae density and 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity were correlated with bread roughness intensity and discrimination. We hypothesized that individuals more sensitive to PROP and with higher fungiform papillae densities would perceive enhanced bread roughness and would have better roughness discrimination abilities. Thirty‐seven panelists rated the roughness of bread samples that had been differentially staled to manipulate roughness. Panelists also rated bitterness and sweetness intensities. The samples included series of 100% whole wheat and 100% refined wheat breads that had been staled for 0–5 days. We measured each subject's fungiform papillae density and perceived PROP intensity. Contrary to our hypothesis, panelists with greater papillae densities did not perceive greater roughness intensities and were not better at discriminating roughness differences. Panelists who perceived greater PROP intensity, however, perceived greater roughness, bitterness and sweetness intensities and were better able to discriminate roughness differences.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This study adds to the growing body of research that correlates 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity with food texture perception. It expands the current findings to a solid food product. It also adds to the small body of literature examining the effects of fungiform papillae density on texture perception but contrary to previous research finds no effects of fungiform papillae density on texture perception. This research also expands our current knowledge of roughness and bitterness differences between whole wheat and refined bread and how roughness and bitterness perception in bread relate to PROP sensitivity. This knowledge is important because supertasters show greater dislike for whole wheat breads, which may affect bread choices and consumer health. Consumption of whole grain foods, including whole wheat bread, has been linked to reduced risk of coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, certain cancers, and all‐cause mortality.
ADDITIVE EFFECTS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ALGINATE GELS
Authors: ZHANG J. , DAUBERT C.R. , MULLIGAN J.H. , FOEGEDING E.A.
Published: September 2008

The effects of dextran and glycerol on the rheological properties of 1.25% alginate gels were studied. Although the dextran and glycerol dramatically changed the viscosity of the alginate solution, the gelation kinetics was not affected. This observation may be attributed to the fact that the gelling process was controlled by the combination of carboxylic groups in alginate chains with Ca2
+
, and not by the diffusion process of alginate molecules and Ca2
+
through the viscous medium. The small‐strain shear modulus of alginate gels with either low molecular‐weight dextran (MW: 140,000 Da) or glycerol remained nearly constant, as did the large deformation and fracture properties. The addition of high molecular‐weight dextran (MW: 4–5 million Da) altered the small‐strain shear modulus and lowered the gel fracture stress of the alginate gels, while the fracture strain remained the same. The change in small‐strain shear modulus and large deformation and fracture properties for alginate gels with high MW dextran cannot simply be explained by the change in viscosity of the gel liquid phase. A plausible explanation for this behavior is that, in some manner, large dextran molecules influenced the alginate gel network.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

A common characteristic of food gels is a three‐dimensional network formed by primary gel‐forming materials, such as proteins and polysaccharides. Alongside the gelling material(s), additives are frequently included to attain desirable functionality. The gel network stabilizes the system, and the physiochemical properties of gels are dominated by structural organization at the molecular level. The inclusion of additives may affect physical and chemical properties of the gels, and subsequently, the rheological properties. Rational optimization of product formulations and processing conditions of food gels depends on a better understanding of the impact of additives on processing and rheological properties.
Identification of Amino Acid Residues in PEPHC1 Important for Binding to the Tumor‐Specific Receptor EGFRvIII
Authors: Hansen Charlotte Lund , Hansen Paul Robert , Pedersen Nina , Poulsen Hans Skovgaard , Gillings Nic , Kjær Andreas
Published: September 2008

EGFRvIII is a cancer‐specific epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor mutation, expressed in different kinds of cancer, in particular ovarian, glioblastomas, and breast cancer. A peptide, PEPHC1, has previously been shown to bind selectively to EGFRvIII. An alanine scan was performed to identify the amino acid residues important for binding of PEPHC1 to EGFRvIII. The results indicate that the amino acid residues at the N‐terminus of PEPHC1 are essential for the binding to the mutated receptor. One analog, [Ala12]PEPHC1, showed higher selective binding to EGFRvIII than PEPHC1. On the basis of these results, six truncated peptide analogs derived from the N‐terminus of PEPHC1, H‐HFIIL‐NH2, H‐HFIILG‐NH2, H‐HFIILGF‐NH2, H‐HFIILGFM‐NH2, H‐HFLIIGFMR‐NH2, and H‐HFLIIGFMRR‐NH2 were synthesized and tested in the same manner. We observed that H‐HFIIL‐NH2 and H‐HFIILG‐NH2 showed almost threefold lower binding to the mutated receptor than PEPHC1, whereas the remainder showed 25% lower binding. The secondary structure of the PEPHC1 analogs was investigated by far UV circular dichroism spectroscopy and their binding correlated with various structural parameters such as charge, mean hydrophobicity (), and mean hydrophobic moment (<μH>). This work provides data, which will be useful in the development of novel peptide‐based ligands for EGFRvIII‐targeted diagnostics and therapy. This work was in part presented at the 17th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, April 2007, Aachen, Germany
Quantitative correlation between theoretical molecular descriptors and drug‐HSA binding affinities for various cox‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Seedher Neelam , Bhatia Sonu , Singh Bhupinder
Published: September 2008

In this study, quantitative structure–protein binding relationships have been derived to predict the binding affinities of cox‐2 inhibitor drugs to HSA from the structure of drug molecules. Drug‐HSA binding affinities were determined using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. For the calculation of theoretical molecular descriptors and statistical treatment of data dragon, codessa and spss software were used. In the quantitative structure–protein binding model, one‐parameter correlations were statistically not very sound. Quadratic equations gave better fit of the data in some cases. Two‐parameter correlations could explain 94–98% of the variance in the data. Steric, geometric and topological descriptors outweighed all other parameters in the developed quantitative structure–protein binding relationships. There was some contribution from electrostatic descriptors as well, but the role of hydrophobic binding was completely ruled out in the protein binding of coxibs. The quantitative correlations derived in this paper are useful in predicting the protein binding of coxibs and may help in the design of cox‐2 inhibitors with appropriate HSA binding properties.
Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Aspects of Torsion of the Canine Stomach
Authors: FUNKQUIST B. , GARMER L.
Published: September 2008

In dogs that had survived attacks of gastric torsion, X‐ray examination after subsidence of the acute symptoms usually disclosed retarded emptying of the stomach with normal or, in some cases, hyperactive motility, apparently due to pyloric sphincter dysfunction. On the basis of these findings it is hypothesized that torsion should be regarded as the final stage of a chronic dilatation of the stomach stemming from the deranged emptying mechanism.

Intensive nonsurgical management of the acute phase, with evacuation of the stomach via trocarization and repeated introduction of a stout gastric tube, appears superior to primary surgical treatment insofar as the early results are concerned. The abovementioned roentgenologic observation has led the authors to try, in the hope of preventing recurrences, operative correction of the disordered emptying mechanism by means of gastrojejunostomy or pyloroplasty. As yet the series is too small and the follow‐up times too short for therapeutic evaluation of these surgical procedures.
Dyspnoea in the Cat—I Aetiology
Authors: WILKINSON G. T.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— The aetiological factors involved in the production of dyspnoea in the cat are classified and discussed.

Résumé— L'article présente une classification et une discussion des facteurs étiologiques responsables de la production de la dyspnée chez le chat.

Zusammenfassung— Die ätiologischen Faktoren, die bei Katzen zu Atemnot führen, werden systematisch eingeordnet und besprochen.
The Estimation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in the Dog*
Authors: HARVEY D. G.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— Four readily available methods for the estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase have been compared using dog sera with varying levels of the enzyme's activity. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to adapt two of the newer methods which are available commercially to permit simple visual assessments to be made without using an absorbtiometer.

Résumé— Quatre méthodes aisément disponibles pour l'évaluation de la phosphatase de sérum alcalin ont été comparées en utilisant des sérums de chien à des niveaux différents d'activité de l'enzyme. Il a été démontré qu'il est possible d'adapter deux des méthodes plus nouvelles disponibles dans le commerce pour permettre de faire des évaluations visuelles sans utiliser un absorptiomètre.

Zusammenfassung— Vier leicht zugängliche Methoden zur Schätzung von Serum‐Alkaliphos‐phatase wurden unter Verwendung von Hundeserum mit unterschiedlichen Spiegeln in der Enzym‐aktivität vergliechen. Es wurde die Möglichkeit erwiesen, zwei der neuesten, verfügbaren Methoden durch kommerzielle Anpassung zu verwenden, urn einfache, visuelle Bewertungen ohne Benutzung eines Absorptiometers zu gestatten.
The Diagnosis of Canine Cardiac Disease
Authors: TAYLOR D. H. , SITTNIKOW K. L.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— Auscultation, roentgenograms and electrocardiograms (E.C.G.) were used in diagnosing cardiac disease in 166 dogs. In clinical examination, careful auscultation is the most important method of diagnosing cardiac disease. Confirmation of a diagnosis of cardiac disease and an evaluation of its severity can best be obtained through the use of the roentgenogram and E.C.G. The roentgenogram is especially useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of valvular disease, which accounts for 75 per cent of all cardiac disease. The E.C.G. is useful in diagnosing myocardial disease and evaluating roentgenologically enlarged hearts. Acquired disease, accounting for 90 per cent of all cardiac disease, is seen in older dogs, whilst congenital disease occurs in young dogs.

Résumé— L'auteur a diagnostiqué des maladies du coeur chez 166 chiens, par l'ausculation, la radiographie et l'électrocardiographie. L'ausculation méticuleuse constitue la plus importante des méthodes cliniques propres au diagnostic des maladies du coeur. La radiographie et I'électrocardiographie sont les meilleurs moyens de confirmer le diagnostic et d'évaluer la gravite de l'état cardiaque. La radiographie est particulièrement utile pour le diagnostic et l'évaluation des désordres valvulaires, qui constituent 75 pour cent de la totalité des maladies cardiaques. L'électrocardiographie est utile pour diagnostiquer les affections du myocarde et pour évaluer les dilatations per‐ceptibles à la radiographie. Les maladies acquises, soit 90 pour cent de la totalité des maladies du coeur, se constatent chez les chiens relativement âgés, et les maladies congénitales, chez les jeunes.

Zusammenfassung— Auskultation, Roentgenaufnahmen und Elektrokardiogramm (E.K.G.) wurden zur Diagnostizierung von Herzkrankheiten in 166 Hunden angewandt. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung ist eine sorgfaeltige Auskultation die wichtigste Methode zur Diagnostizierung von Herzkrankheiten. Um die Diagnose zu bestaetigen und den Ernst der Herzkrankheit festzustellen, verwendet man am besten Roentgenaufnahnien und E.K.G. Roentgenaufnahmen sind besonders nutzlich beim Diagnostizieren und Bewerten von Herzklappenfehlern, die 75% aller Herzkrank heiten ausmachen. Das E.K.G. ist nutzlich fuer das Diagnostizieren von Herzmuskelerkrankungen und das Auswerten von roentgenologisch vergroesserten Herzen. Erworbene Herzfehler, die 90% aller Herzkrankheiten ausmachen, finden sich bei aelteren Hunden, waehrend angeborene Fehler bei jungen Hunden auftreten.
Breeding Dogs for Experimental Purposes: I: Breeding installations, breeding processes and maintenance conditions
Authors: SCHUMACHER W. , STRASSER H.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— A description is given of an installation for breeding experimental dogs and deals with the general design and details of the equipment, the breeding process and maintenance conditions. The measures used for prophylaxis against infectious diseases and treatment for endoparasites are also outlined.

Résumé— Description d'un chenil reproduction de chiens de laboratoire: conception, aménagement, reproduction, entretien, mesures prophylactiques contre les maladies infectieuses, et lutte contre les endoparasites.

Zusammenfassung— Eine Anlage zur Zuechtung experimenteller Hunde, die allgemeine Be‐schaffenheit sowie gewisse naehere Einzelheiten der Ausruestung, der Zuechtungsprozess und die Wartung werden beschrieben. Ausserdem werden Massnahmen zur Prophylaxe gegen Infektions‐krankheiten und die Behandlung von Endoparasiten skizziert.
Breeding Dogs for Experimental Purposes: II: Assessment of 8‐year breeding records for two Beagle strains
Authors: STRASSER H. , SCHUMACHER W.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— On the basis of the evaluation of Beagle breeding records extending over a 8‐year period dealing with one strain of English dogs and one of American dogs, criteria are pointed out which are of value when assessing the productivity of the total breeding station and of the individual bitch. These criteria form the basis of breeding and commercial planning. The question as to how long the individual bitch can remain productive for breeding and when she should be excluded from breeding for economic considerations is discussed.

Résumé— Sur la base de données relatives à 8 années d'activité d'un chenil d'élevage de chiens Beagle de race anglaise et de race américaine, I'auteur définit divers critères permettant d'évaluer la productivité totale du chenil et celle de chaque chienne. Ces critères servent de base aux prévisions en matière de reproduction et de vente. L'auteur examine en outre la dude de vie utile de la chienne reproductrice et la durée de reproduction rentable.

Zusammenfassung— Eine Auswertung von Protokollen der Spuerhundzuechtung (Beagle), die sich ueber einen Zeitraum von 8 Jahren erstrecken und je eine Zucht englischer und amerikanischer Hunde umfassen, ist die Basis von Kriterien, die alswervtoll fuer eine Abschaetzung der Produktivitaet sowohl einer gesamten Zuechterei als auch einer einzelnen Huendin aufgefuehrt werden. Diese Kriterien bilden die Grundlage fuer die Zucht und fuer die kommerzielle Planung. Die Frage, wielange eine einzelne Huendin fuer die Zuechtung produktiv bleiben kann und wann sie am wirtschaftlichen Gruenden vom Zuechten ausgeschlouen werden soll, wird behandelt.
Treatment of Microsporum canis Ringworm in a Cat Colony
Authors: DAWSON CHRISTINE O. , NODDLE BARBARA M.
Published: September 2008

Abstract— The treatment and control measures used during an outbreak of feline ringworm caused by Microsporum canis are described. During the outbreak the presence of the dermatophyte on the coats of clinically normal cats was demonstrated by the use of Mackenzie's brush technique. This method of examination is suggested as being the most effective and rapid means of ensuring that dermatophyte infection is not introduced into a colony by new cats.

Résumé— L'auteur décrit le traitement et les mesures antiparasitaires appliqués à l'occasion d'une épizootie de teigne féline, provoquée par Microsporum canis. La préence du dermatophyte sur le poil de chats cliniquement normaux a été décelée par la technique de la brosse Mackenzie, méthode particulièrement rapide et efficace, propre à éviter la contamination d'une colonie de chats par des dermatophytes importés de l'extérieur.

Zusammenfassung— Die Behandlung und die Kontrollmassnahmen während eines Ausbruchs von durch Microsporum caniJ verursachter Katzenringwurmkrankheit werden beschrieben. Wahrend der Krankheit wde das Vorhandensein der Dermatophyten in den Pelzen klinisch normaler Katzen durch Anwendung der Mackenzieschen Pinselmethode demonstriert. Diese Untersuchungs methode wird ah wirksamste und schnellste vorgeschlagen, die gewährleistet, dass die Dermatophyten nicht durch neue Katzen in eine Kolonie eingeschleppt werden.
A case of post‐operative generalized staphylococcal infection in a bitch
Authors: AJMAL M.
Published: September 2008

A case of post‐operative generalized infection in a 9‐year‐old, cross‐bred terrier bitch is described. A coagulase‐positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from an acute inflammatory lesion in the foreleg (the site of intravenous injection), the viscera and the major limb joints. The animal showed lesions of endocarditis, myocarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, splenic infarcts and polyarthritis. It is suggested that the entry of the organism and its preliminary multiplication occurred at the site of the intravenous injection of the anaesthetic used for inducing a general anaesthesia.

Résumé. Observation d'une septicémie post‐opératoire chez une chienne terrier métissée de 9 ans. On a isolé une souche de staphylocoques dorés coagulase‐positive à partir d'un foyer inflammatoire aigu de la patte antérieure (siège d'une injection intraveineuse), des viscères et des grandes articulations des membres. L'animal présentait des lésions d'endocardite, de myocardite, d'hépatite, de néphrite, d'infarctus de la rate et de polyarthrite. On suppose que le germe Pathogène a pénétré dans l'organisme et s'est multiplié tout d'abord au lieu de l'injection intraveineuse de l'anesthésique utilisé pour provoquer une anesthésie générale.

Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von postoperativer generalisierter Infektion bei einer 9 Jahre alten Terrier‐Hündin aus einer Kreuzung wird beschrieben. Aus einer akuten entzündlichen Läsion am Vorderbein (der Stelle einer intravenösen Injektion), den Eingeweiden und den grossen Gliedmassengelenken wurde ein koagulasepositiver Stamm von Staphylococcus aureus isoliert. Das Tier zeigte Läsionen von Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Hepatitis, Nephritis, Milzinfarkten und Polyarthritis. Es wird angenommen, dass der Eintritt des Organismus und die anfängliche Vermehrung an der Stelle der intravenösen Injektion des für eine Vollnarkose gegebenen Narkotikums erfolgte.
A new technique for liver resection in the dog
Authors: DINGWALL J. S. , de BOER J. , ARCHIBALD J.
Published: September 2008

The ‘finger‐fracture’ technique for liver resection is presented as a new technique, for use in the surgical management of liver biopsy, repair of trauma and resection of pathologic hepatic conditions. The main features of this technique are simplicity, and the reduction of haemorrhage.

Résumé. La technique ‘finger‐fracture’ pour la résection du foie est présentée comme nouveau mode chirurgical des biopsies hépatiques, des réparations des lésions traumatiques et les résections du foie au cours de divers états pathologiques. Les principales caractéristiques de cette technique sont sa simplicité et la réduction des hémorragies.

Zusammenfassung. Die ‘Fingerfraktur’‐Methode der Leberresektion wird als eine neue Methode der chirurgischen Leberbiopsie, Traumabehandlung und Resektion pathologischer Zustände der Leber beschrieben. Die Hauptvorzüge dieser Methode sind ihre Einfachheit und die Verminderung der Blutung.
Electroencephalography in canine head injury
Authors: CROFT PHYLLIS G.
Published: September 2008

The EEGs of 153 dogs with head injury have been analysed. The value of electroencephalography in diagnosis, prognosis and selection of treatment is discussed.

Zusammenfassung. Die EEGs von 153 Hunden mit Kopfverletzungen wurden analysiert. Der Wert der Elektroenzephalographie für die Diagnose, Prognose und Wahl der Behandlungsmethode wird besprochen.

Résumé. On a analysé les électrogrammes de 153 chiens ayant subi un traumatisme cranien; discussion sur la valeur de l'E.E.C. pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le choix du traitement.
Examination of a veterinary practice for radiation hazards*
Authors: O'RIORDAN M. C.
Published: September 2008

The new ‘Code of Practice for the Protection of Persons exposed to Ionizing Radiations from Veterinary Uses’ recommends that a radiation survey of X‐ray installations be carried out. Such a survey, consisting of an examination of equipment, procedures and premises is described.

Resumé. Le nouveau ‘Code de la Pratique de la Protection des personnes exposées aux radiations ionisantes appliquées à la Mécdecine Vétérinaire’ recommande la surveillance des installations génératrices des rayons X. On décrit les principes et les moyens à mettre en czuvre pour examiner de tels équipements.

Zusammenfassung. Die neuen ‘Verhaltensrichtlinien zum Schutze von Personen, die ionisierender Bestrahlung für tierärztliche Zwecke ausgesetzt sind’ empfehlen, eine Strah‐lungsuntersuchung von Röntgeneinrichtungen durchzuführen. Eine solche Untersuchung, die Geräte, Verfahren und bauliche Verhältnisse umfasst, wird beschrieben.
Breeding performance and growth of SPF cats (Felis catus)
Authors: FESTING MICHAEL F. W. , BLEBY JOHN
Published: September 2008

Data on the breeding performance and growth rate of the kittens in a Specific Pathogen Free cat colony are given. Mean litter size was 2·8 kittens in the first litter, and 4·3 and 4·0 in the second and third litters, respectively. Kitten losses were 3·3% still births, and 5·6% losses prior to weaning at 8 weeks of age. Mean birth weight of first litter kittens was 109 g, with no detectable difference between males and females. Mean 42‐day weight was 625 g for males, and 534 g for females. No relationship was found between litter size and either birth weight or 42‐day weight.

It was concluded that there are substantial benefits in breeding cats under SPF conditions, largely because of the low pre‐weaning mortality.

Resumé. On indique les données concernant les résultats de l'élevage et de la croissance des chats mis dans des conditions axéniques (colonies dépourvues de germes spécifiques). Le nombre moyen des petits était de 2,8% pour la première mise‐bas, et de 4,3% et 4% respectivement pour la deuxième et la troisime. Les pertes étaient de 3,3% par mortalité et de 5,6% avant le sevrage (8 semaines). Le poids moyen des chatons de la première portée était de 109 gr, sans différence nette entre les deux sexes. Le poids moyen au 42ème jour était de 625 gr pour les mâles et de 534 gr pour les femelles. Aucun rapport n'a été constaté entre le nombre des chatons de la portée et le poids au 42ème jour.

On conclut que l'élevage en milieu axénique des chats apporte un bénéfice substantiel, surtout grâce af la faible mortalité d'avant le sevrage.

Zusammenfassung. Es werden Daten über die Fortpflanzung von Katzen und die Wach‐stumsraten der Jungkatzen in einer von spezifischen Pathogenen freien Katzenkolonie angegeben. Die mittlere Wurfgrösse betrug beim ersten Wurf 2,8 Jungtiere und 4,3 und 4,0 beim zweiten bzw. dritten Wurf. Die Verluste an Jungtieren betrugen 3,3% Totgeburten und 5,6% Verluste vor dem Absetzen im Lebensalter 8 Wochen. Das mittlere Gewicht von Jungtieren des ersten Wurfs betrug bei der Geburt 109 g, wobei keine Unterschiede zwischen männlichen und wei‐blichen Nachkommen beobachtet wurden. Das mittlere Gewicht im Alter von 42 Tagen betrug 625 g bei männlichen Tieren und 534 g bei weiblichen Tieren. Es wurden keine Beziehungen zwischrn der Wurfgrösse einerseits und dem Gewicht bei der Geburt und dem nach 42 Tagen andererseits festgestellt.

Es wurde der Schluss gezogrn, dass die Zucht von Katzen unter von spezifischen Pathogenen freien Bedingungen wesentliche Vorteile bietet, vor allem, weil die Sterblichkeit vor dem Absetzen gering ist.
A naturally occurring red‐cell antigen‐antibody system in Beagle dogs
Authors: HALL D. E.
Published: September 2008

Using a simple crossmatch procedure agglutination reactions have been observed between the majority of cells and sera of sixty‐four adult male and female Beagles. The cells of some Beagles appear to possess an agglutinogen to which a corresponding agglutinin is found in the serum of Beagles whose cells do not show the presence of the agglutinogen. A few Beagles appeared to possess neither of the cross‐reacting materials in either cells or serum as determined by the techniques employed. The system has the characteristics of a naturally occurring blood group antigen‐antibody complex obeying Landsteiner's Law. The use of immune canine anti‐A and A1 sera suggested that it was not identifiable with the canine A system. The incidence of the antibody in Beagle sera appears to be higher than previously reported for other populations of dogs.

Resumé. On a observé des réactions d'agglutination entre la plus grande part des cellules et les sérums de soixante quatre chiens beagles adultes; un procédé simple de tests croisés a été utilisé. Les cellules de certains chiens semblent posséder des agglutinogènes auxquels correspondent des agglutinines trouvées dans le sérums des animaux dépourvus d'agglutinogénes. Quelques chiens beagles ne présentent aucune substance provoquant des réactions croisées ni dans les cellules ni dans le sérum, comme le montre le procédé utilisé dans la présente étude. Le système présente les caractéristiques d'un complexe naturel de groupes sanguins (antigènes‐anticorps), obéissant à la loi de Landsteiner. L'emploi des sérums canins immunisants anti‐A et A1 semble indiquer qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un système identifiable comme système A canin. La frtéuence des anticorps dans les sérums des chiens beagles semble être plus grande que celle signalée pour d'autres populations de chiens.

Zusammenfassung. Bei Verwendung eines einfachen Kreuzverfahrens wurden Agglutinations‐reaktionen zwischen der Mehrzahl von Zellen und Seren von 64 erwachsenen männlichen und weiblichen Beagle‐Hunden beobachtet. Die Zellen einiger Beagle‐Hunde scheinen ein Agglu‐tinogen zu besitzen, zu dem das entsprechende Agglutinin in dem Serum von Beagle‐Hunden gefunden wird, deren Zellen die Anwesenheit des Agglutinogen nicht zeigen. Einige Beagle‐Hunde schienen keines der reagierenden Materialien in Zellen oder Serum zu besitzen, soweit es sich mit den angewendeten Methoden feststellen liess. Das System besitzt die Eigenschaften eines natürlich auftretenden Blutgruppen‐Antigen‐Antikörper‐Komplexes, der den Land‐steinerschen Regeln gehorcht. Bei der verwendung von immunem Hunde‐Anti‐A‐und‐A1‐Serum liess sich feststellen, dass es nicht mit dem Hunde‐A‐System identisch ist. Das Auftreten des Antikörpers in Beagle‐Seren scheint häufiger zu sein, als bisher hinsichtlich anderer Hunderassen berichtet wurde.
An unusual cause of feline urethral obstruction
Authors: ANDRÉ P. G. , JACKSON O. F.
Published: September 2008

An air‐gun pellet that entered a cat's bladder through the flank carried in sufficient of the cat's own hair to block the penile urethra.

Resumé. Un plomb tiré d'une arme à air cornprimé a pénétré dans la vessie d'un chat à travers le flanc de l'animal; les poils entrainés par le projectile ont suffi pour obstruer I'urètre pénien de l'animal.

Zusammenfassung. Eine Luftgewehrkugel, die in die Blase eines Katers durch die Flanke eindrang, riss genügend Pelzhaare mit, um die Harnröhre zu blockieren.
A study of the radiographic and histological changes occurring in Legg‐Calve‐Perthes Disease (LCP) in the dog
Authors: LEE R.
Published: September 2008

The radiographic appearance of thirty‐six cases of canine Legg‐Calve‐Perthes Disease and the histological changes in twenty‐six of these cases are described. The changes are related to each other, and also to the duration of the clinical condition. The results are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of the changes observed.

Résumé. Description des images radiologiques de trente‐six cas de syndrome de Legg‐Calve‐Perthes chez le chien. Le tableau clinique et les lésions histologiques observées dans 26 de ces cas sont présentés. Il y a une correlation entre les Symptômes et les modifications histologiques, de même qu'avec la durée de l'affection. Les résultats de l'étude sont discutés en fonction de la pathogénie des altérations observées.

Zusammenfassung. Das radiographische Erscheinungsbild von 36 Fällen von Legg‐Calvé‐Perthesscher Krankheit beim Hund und die histologischen Veränderungen in 26 dieser Fälle werden beschrieben. Die Veränderungen stehen in Beziehung zu einander und auch zu der Dauer des klinischen Zustands. Die Ergebnisse werden in bezug auf die Pathogenese der beobachteten Ädeungren besprochen.