bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed CRISPR-based microfluidic platform for clinical testing of respiratory viruses and identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Welch Nicole L. , Zhu Meilin , Hua Catherine , Weller Juliane , Mirhashemi Marzieh Ezzaty , Nguyen Tien G. , Mantena Sreekar , Bauer Matthew R. , Shaw Bennett M. , Ackerman Cheri M. , Thakku Sri Gowtham , Tse Megan W. , Kehe Jared , Uwera Marie-Martine , Eversley Jacqueline S. , Bielwaski Derek A. , McGrath Graham , Braidt Joseph , Johnson Jeremy , Cerrato Felecia , Moreno Gage K. , Krasilnikova Lydia A. , Petros Brittany A. , Gionet Gabrielle L. , King Ewa , Huard Richard C. , Jalbert Samantha K. , Cleary Michael L. , Fitzgerald Nicholas A. , Gabriel Stacey B. , Gallagher Glen R. , Smole Sandra C. , Madoff Lawrence C. , Brown Catherine M. , Keller Matthew W. , Wilson Malania M. , Kirby Marie K. , Barnes John R. , Park Daniel J. , Siddle Katherine J. , Happi Christian T. , Hung Deborah T. , Springer Michael , MacInnis Bronwyn L. , Lemieux Jacob E. , Rosenberg Eric , Branda John A. , Blainey Paul C. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Myhrvold Cameron
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated a clear need for high-throughput, multiplexed and sensitive assays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses and their emerging variants. Here, we present a cost-effective virus and variant detection platform, called microfluidic Combinatorial Arrayed Reactions for Multiplexed Evaluation of Nucleic acids (mCARMEN), which combines CRISPR-based diagnostics and microfluidics with a streamlined workflow for clinical use. We developed the mCARMEN respiratory virus panel to test for up to 21 viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses and both influenza strains, and demonstrated its diagnostic-grade performance on 525 patient specimens in an academic setting and 166 specimens in a clinical setting. We further developed an mCARMEN panel to enable the identification of 6 SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages, including Delta and Omicron, and evaluated it on 2,088 patient specimens with near-perfect concordance to sequencing-based variant classification. Lastly, we implemented a combined Cas13 and Cas12 approach that enables quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viral copies in samples. The mCARMEN platform enables high-throughput surveillance of multiple viruses and variants simultaneously, enabling rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Pulse and Oilseed Protein-based Oil Structuring for Baking Application
Authors: Tang Yan Ran , Sharma Manisha , Ghosh Supratim
Published: February 2022

This chapter critically reviews and reports recent work on plant protein-based indirect oleogelation. So far, emulsion, foam, and hydrogel-based templates have been used for oil structuring by removal of the water via drying or solvent exchange followed by the addition of liquid oil. Typically, emulsion-templated oleogels have shown higher gel strength and better thixotropic recovery than foam-templated oleogels. Usually, the texture analyzer-measured hardness of protein-stabilized oleogel-based cakes was found to be higher than conventional shortening-based cakes. Only a handful of studies used sensory analysis, where a lot of variability was observed. When oleogels were prepared from faba protein and canola protein isolate-stabilized emulsions, heat-treatment to induce protein denaturation was found to improve the oleogel oil binding capacity and rheology. Between the two plant proteins, oleogels from canola protein were superior in quality than those from faba protein. The stability of the oleogels, however, did not affect the hardness of the cakes, and both the oleogel cakes were softer than the shortening-based cakes. The utilization of plant proteins for oil structuring is novel and promising, and it can provide beneficial effects of utilizing proteins and lowering saturated fat. However, more research is needed to understand the complex interaction of an oleogel with a food matrix during processing.
Functionality of Natural Waxes in Hybrid Fat Crystal Networks
Authors: Van Bockstaele Filip , Romanus Marie , Penagos Ivana A. , Dewettinck Koen
Published: February 2022

Shortenings and margarines are semi-solid lipid-continuous products which are traditionally structured by triacylglycerols containing mainly trans or saturated fatty acids. Since an overconsumption of trans and saturated fatty acids is linked with cardiovascular health diseases, alternative structurants are investigated. In this respect, natural waxes have received a lot of attention as they are known to form a three-dimensional matrix which enables liquid oil to be entrapped at low concentrations. However, wax oleogels are still quite shear sensitive, which limits their use in certain food applications. Besides, including higher amounts of waxes to create stronger gel networks may result in sensory defects. This chapter therefore discusses the potential of combining waxes with common hardstock fats to produce hybrid fat systems. This approach allows fat systems to be created which are partially reduced in trans or saturated fatty acids but maintain the desired rheological and functional properties.
A gold-based immunochromatographic strip for the detection of sirolimus in human whole blood
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqian , Xu Xinxin , Zeng Lu , Song Shanshan , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Liu Liqiang , Xu Chuanlai
Published: February 2022

The schematic of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for the detection of sirolimus in human whole blood.
A spectroscopic method for quantitating lignin in lignocellulosic biomass based on the completely dissolved solution of biomass in LiCl/DMSO
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Zhao Hui , Yang Yan , Ren Hao , Zhai Huamin
Published: February 2022

A green method for lignin quantitation based on the completely dissolved solution of lignocellulosic biomass in LiCl/DMSO and UV spectrophotometry was developed. The method is accurate, sensitive, mild, and does not use hazardous reagents.
Thermoneutral synthesis of spiro-1,4-cyclohexadienes by visible-light-driven dearomatization of benzylmalonates
Authors: Zhao Quan-Qing , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: February 2022

No preactivation or coupling to high-energy reagents is required for the dearomative coupling of benzylmalonates and acetylenes, although the transformation has no significant thermodynamic driving force.
Theoretical studies of conducting polymers: a mini review
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Singh Neetika , Banoo Sayma
Published: February 2022

The present short review discusses the computational studies carried out on polyacetylene (PAc), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and other conducting polymers for predicting their electronic, optoelectronic and structural properties.
Metathesis as an alternative synthesis route to layered sulfides A(LiZn)S2 (A = alkali-metal) with unexpected colors
Authors: Stepanjuga Alexander , Ray Rajyavardhan , Richter Manuel , Carrocci Salvatore , Hampel Silke , Galle Lydia , Grafe Hans-Joachim , Valldor Martin
Published: February 2022

The unexpected colours of layered sulfides are investigated using spectroscopy and a theoretical defect model approach.
Ag supported on alumina for the epoxidation of 1-hexene with molecular oxygen: the effect of Ag+/Ag0
Authors: Ren Jingzhao , Wang Liancheng , Li Penghui , Xing Xiangying , Wang Huixiang , Lv Baoliang
Published: February 2022

The catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of 1-hexene with O2 using Ag/porous bowl-shaped alumina shows good selectivity for the epoxidation product.
Mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation over a Zr1–Cu single-atom catalyst
Authors: Liu Lingna , Wang Xujia , Lu Shuwei , Li Jiawei , Zhang Hui , Su Xuanyue , Xue Fan , Cao Baowei , Fang Tao
Published: February 2022

The reaction mechanisms of methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation on a Zr1–Cu surface are investigated using density functional theory calculations.
ATP-responsive near-infrared fluorescent nanoparticles for synergistic chemotherapy and starvation therapy
Authors: Chen Xi-Xi , Hou Mei-Jia , Wang Wen-Xin , Tan Min , Tan Zhi-Ke , Mao Guo-Jiang , Yang Bin , Li Yongfei , Li Chun-Yan
Published: February 2022

RhI-DOX-GOD@ZIF-90 nanoparticles are constructed for controllable drug delivery guiding by near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and synergistic chemotherapy and starvation therapy.
Synthesis and thermal behaviour of thiophene-based oxazine-ring substituted benzoxazine monomers & polymers
Authors: Mukherjee Sourav , Lochab Bimlesh
Published: February 2022

The latest fourth-generation oxazine-ring substituted thiophene-based benzoxazine monomers and polymers with variation in the degree of phenyl substitution (with and without) in the oxazine-ring were synthesized and characterized.
Tetracyclic silaheterocycle formed through a pericyclic reaction cascade including a two-fold intramolecular C–C bond activation
Authors: Helmer Joschua , Pakkanen Olli J. , Gendy Chris , Hepp Alexander , Tuononen Heikki M. , Lips Felicitas
Published: February 2022

Reductive debromination of the tribromoamidosilane 2 gave the tetracyclic silaheterocycle 3 through a unique reaction cascade involving unprecedented two-fold intramolecular cycloaddition by transient silylenes.
IGF2BP2 maybe a novel prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiangpu , Xu Haoyue , Zhou Zuo , Guo Siyuan , Chen Renji
Published: February 2022

Aim: The main of the present study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with the overarching of providing new biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.

Methods: We combined datasets downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and samples collected from the clinic to evaluate the expression of IGF2BP2 in OSCC. IGF2BP2 survival analysis was respectively performed based on TCGA, GEO, and clinical samples. Correlations between IGF2BP2 expression and clinicopathological parameters were then analyzed, and signaling pathways associated with IGF2BP2 expression were identified using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA 4.1.0). Moreover, an IGF2BP2 co-expressed gene network was constructed, followed by gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on IGF2BP2 co-expressed genes. Finally, TIMER and CIBERSORT were used to analyze the correlations among IGF2BP2, IGF2BP2-coexpressed genes, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs).

Results: IGF2BP2 was highly expressed in OSCC and significantly correlated with overall survival of OSCC patients (P<0.01). High IGF2BP2 expression correlated with poor overall survival. The GSEA results showed that cell apoptosis-, tumor-, and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in samples with high IGF2BP2 expression. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses results of IGF2BP2 co-expressed genes indicated that these genes are mainly associated with immunity/inflammation and tumorigenesis. In addition, IGF2BP2 and its co-expressed genes are associated with TICs (P<0.01).

Conclusion: IGF2BP2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker in OSCC and correlates with immune infiltrates.
A psychological model for the prediction of energy‐relevant behaviours in buildings: Cognitive parameter optimisation
Authors: von Grabe Jörn , Korsavi Sepideh
Published: February 2022

Energy consumption in buildings is a major contributor to global warming and therefore has become a field of intensive research. This type of energy consumption can be described in two dimensions: an appliance‐based dimension and a behaviour‐based dimension. To address the behaviour‐based dimension a recent study proposed a cognitive human‐building interaction model that builds on the instance‐based learning paradigm. However, since the values of the standard cognitive parameters commonly used for modelling lab‐based behaviours are not suitable for the ‘real‐world’ domain of human‐building interaction, this paper aims to identify cognitive parameter values adapted to and suitable for the specific character of this application domain. To achieve this goal, a virtual test environment—consisting of an occupied room and a corresponding model task—was designed to test the performance of the model and its dependence on a set of fundamental cognitive parameters. A test criterion was developed that did not depend on empirical data but used the predictive consistency of the model as reference. A range of values was pre‐selected for each parameter based on theoretical and empirical considerations, which was then tested against the evaluation criterion. The performance of the model was improved significantly throughout the parametrisation process and yielded plausible results.
A novel cell structure‐based disparity estimation for unsupervised stereo matching
Authors: Cheng Xianjing , Zhao Yong , Yang Wenbang , Hu Zhijun , Yu Xiaomin , Zhao Haoliang , Zeng Pengcheng
Published: February 2022

It is well known that preserving depth edges is an effective solution for achieving the accurate disparity map in stereo matching, but many state‐of‐the‐art methods do not preserve depth edges well. In order to solve it efficiently, the cell structure containing irregular and regular shape regions is designed to preserve depth edges. Based on the well‐designed cell structure, a novel disparity estimation method for stereo matching is proposed, in which a two‐layer disparity optimization method is proposed to refine the disparity plane; it includes the front‐parallel disparities computation and slanted‐surfaces disparity plane refinement. In the framework of front‐parallel disparities computation, a tree‐based cost aggregation method is presented to make full use of the segmentation information of cells and then performing semi‐global cost aggregation. In the framework of slanted‐surfaces disparity plane refinement, a new probability model is proposed that employs Bayesian inference for refining disparities in textureless, weak texture and occluded regions. Experimental results show that higher accuracy could be achieved via the proposed method compared with some known state‐of‐the‐art stereo methods on KITTI 2015 and Middlebury dataset, which are the standard benchmarks for testing the stereo matching methods. It can also be indicated that the proposed method can produce accurate disparity map and have good generalization performance.
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Ferruit P. , Jakobsen P. , Giardino G. , Rawle T. , Alves de Oliveira C. , Arribas S. , Beck T. L. , Birkmann S. , Böker T. , Bunker A. J. , Charlot S. , de Marchi G. , Franx M. , Henry A. , Karakla D. , Kassin S. A. , Kumari N. , López-Caniego M. , Lützgendorf N. , Maiolino R. , Manjavacas E. , Marston A. , Moseley S. H. , Muzerolle J. , Pirzkal N. , Rauscher B. , Rix H.-W. , Sabbi E. , Sirianni M. , te Plate M. , Valenti J. , Willott C. J. , Zeidler P.
Published: February 2022

We provide an overview of the capabilities and performance of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope when used in its multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode employing a novel Micro Shutter Array (MSA) slit device. The MSA consists of four separate 98″ × 91″ quadrants each containing 365 × 171 individually addressable shutters whose open areas on the sky measure 0.20″ × 0.46″ on a 0.27″ × 0.53″ pitch. This is the first time that a configurable multi-object spectrograph has been available on a space mission. The levels of multiplexing achievable with NIRSpec MOS mode are quantified and we show that NIRSpec will be able to observe typically fifty to two hundred objects simultaneously with the pattern of close to a quarter of a million shutters provided by the MSA. This pattern is fixed and regular, and we identify the specific constraints that it yields for NIRSpec observation planning. In particular, the roll angle at which a given NIRSpec MSA observation will be executed will, in most cases, not be known before the observation is actually scheduled. As a consequence, NIRSpec users planning MOS mode observations cannot at the proposal stage know precisely which subset of their intended targets will be observable, and will therefore need to intentionally oversize their submitted target catalogues accordingly. We also present the data processing and calibration steps planned for the NIRSpec MOS data. The significant variation in size of the mostly diffraction-limited instrument point spread function over the large wavelength range of 0.6–5.3 µm covered by the instrument, combined with the fact that most targets observed with the MSA cannot be expected to be perfectly centred within their respective slits, makes the spectrophotometric and wavelength calibration of the obtained spectra particularly complex. This is reflected by the inclusion of specific steps such as the wavelength zero-point correction nd the relative path loss correction in the NIRSpec data processing and calibration flow. The processing of spectra of morphologically extended targets will require additional attention and development. These challenges notwithstanding, the sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities anticipated of NIRSpec in MOS mode are unprecedented, and should enable significant progress to be made in addressing a wide range of outstanding astrophysical problems.
Detection of a radio-filled X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of NGC 5141
Authors: Macconi Duccio , Grandi Paola , Gitti Myriam , Vignali Cristian , Torresi Eleonora , Brighenti Fabrizio
Published: February 2022

We present the first Chandra detection of a single X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of the small Fanaroff-Riley type I radio galaxy NGC 5141. The X-ray surface brightness depression, located ≈4 kpc away from the galaxy center, is projected on the northern radio lobe, which is completely contained within the galaxy. The thermal gas surrounding the cavity, which extends to ≃20 kpc, has a bolometric X-ray luminosity (0.1–100 keV) of LX ≈ 2 × 1040 erg s−1 and a temperature of kT ≈ 0.8 keV. We calculated the total energy (Ecav = 4PV ≈ 1055 erg) required to inflate the cavity and its age (tcav ≈ 9 Myrs), assuming that it is filled with relativistic particles and rises buoyantly. The inferred total cavity power is as low as Pcav = Ecav/tcav ≈ 6 × 1040 erg s−1, which is the lowest one among the radio-filled systems. Comparing Pcav to the bolometric X-ray luminosity (i.e., the cooling luminosity), we conclude that NGC 5141’s central active galactic nucleus can heat the interstellar medium and balance its cooling luminosity, confirming that the Pcav − Lcool relation, mainly tested on groups and clusters, also works for such a low-power system.
Vickers micro-hardness variation during change in concentration of constituent elements in Ni50–xFexMn30Sn20–yIny, Heusler alloys
Authors: S. Sandeep Nambiar , B.R.N. Murthy , S. Sathyashankara , A.A. Prasanna , J. Arout Chelvane
Published: February 2022

Present work is on Heusler alloys of the sequence Ni50–xFexMn30Sn20–yIny, were prepared in order to investigate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical property. The work represents the variations in the hardness of the alloy when the component elements are changed. Alloys show Vickers hardness HV = 3.5 GPa at x = 2 and y = 4. At x = 4 and y = 8, alloy exhibits an L10 tetragonal structure, whereas at x = 3 and y = 6 L21 austenite phase structure is observed. Interface piling up occurs which greatly reduces fracture propagation and dislocation at neighboring interfaces. Large piled-up interfaces available in the martensite phase due to the sub-strips significantly contribute this process resulting in large hardness value. In spite of thicker laminates in the austenite phase, the alloy exhibits higher hardness than martensite phase or even the composite. Hardness is particularly low in the martensitic phase (x = 4, y = 8), which is produced owing to interfacial motion. The hardness value falls as the Sn concentration increases due to weak pinning between the strips. A drastic increase in hardness of 3.5 GPa has been observed when x = 2 and y = 4.
miR-551b is Associated with the Poor Prognosis and Malignant
Development of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Through Regulating ERBB4
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Haibo
Published: February 2022

The function of miR-551b has been widely reported in various human cancers, and
its dysregulation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has also been disclosed,
implying its potential regulator role in PTC. The aim of the study was to
evaluate the function of miR-551b in PTC development and its potential
mechanism. miR-551b was evaluated in PTC tissues and cells by RT-qPCR and
associated with the clinicopathological features of patients. The biological
effect of miR-551b on cellular processes of PTC was assessed with the CCK8
proliferation assay and the Transwell migration and invasion assay. The
potential molecular mechanism was estimated with the dual-luciferase reporter
assay. miR-551b was significantly upregulated in PTC, which showed a close
relationship with the malignancy and development of PTC patients. miR-551b
served as a prognostic biomarker negatively related to patients’
survival together with the TNM stage. The overexpression of miR-551b exerted
promoted effect on the development-related cellular processes of PTC, which was
reversed by the overexpression of ERBB4. In conclusion, miR-551b could predict
the poor prognosis of PTC patients and serve as a tumor promoter via suppressing
ERBB4.
Drug Combinations for Mood Disorders and Physical Comorbidities That
Need Attention: A Cross-Sectional National Database Survey
Authors: Kuramochi Shin , Yatomi Taisuke , Uchida Takahito , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Mimura Masaru , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Introduction This study investigated combined prescriptions of drugs for
mood disorders and physical comorbidities that need special attention in the
light of frequent physical comorbidities in patients with mood disorders.

Methods We used the claims sampling data of 581,990 outpatients in January
2015 from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health
Checkups of Japan. Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare the
prescription rates of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
loop/thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,
and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers between lithium users and age-
and sex-matched non-lithium users; NSAIDs, antiplatelet drugs, and/or
anticoagulants between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
(SSRI)/serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) users and
non-users; warfarin between mirtazapine users and non-users; and the proportions
of patients in the two groups with a diagnosis of somatic conditions for which
these medications were indicated and actually received them. A Bonferroni
corrected p-value of<0.05/3 was considered statistically
significant.

Results Prescriptions of the above-mentioned medications were less
frequent in lithium and mirtazapine users and comparable in SSRI/SNRI
users, compared to non-users (18.3 vs. 31.9%,
p=7.6×10−10; 0.78 vs. 1.65%,
p=0.01; 23.1 vs. 24.1%, p=0.044). In a subgroup of
patients with somatic diseases for which these medications were indicated, the
prescription rates were comparable in lithium and mirtazapine users and higher
in SSRI/SNRI users compared to non-users (28.0 vs. 29.4%,
p=0.73; 4.7 vs. 7.4%, p=0.28; 35.6 vs. 33.4%,
p=0.0026).

Discussion Pharmacotherapy with drugs for mood disorders and physical
comorbidities that require attention was commonly observed in clinical
practice.
Risk Factors and Functional Outcomes with Early Neurological Deterioration after Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Zhang Yi , Fan Haixia , Wen Chao
Published: February 2022

Early neurological deterioration (END) is associated with a poor survival after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). To assess risk factors and functional outcomes of END after MT in patients, we analyzed data from 79 patients who received MT with large-vessel occlusion. END after MT in patients is defined as an increase of two points or more in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, compared with the best neurological status within 7 days. The mechanism of END can be classified into: AIS progression, sICH, and encephaledema. A total of 32 AIS patients (40.5%) had END after MT. Risk factors for END after MT included: history of oral antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation drugs before MT (OR = 9.56,95% CI = 1.02–89.57), higher NIHSS score when admitted to hospital (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04–1.48), under the subtype of atherosclerotic stroke (OR = 17.36, 95% CI = 1.51–199.56), ASITN/SIR< 2 (OR = 15.78, 95% CI = 1.65–151.26), and prolonged period from AIS onset to the first revascularization (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02). AIS patients who had END at early stages were more likely to experience poor outcomes (Modified Rankin Scale [mRS] >2) at 90 days after MT (OR = 6.829, 95% CI = 1.573–29.655). Thus, AIS patients who had experienced END at early stages were more likely to have poor outcomes (mRS >2) at 90 days after MT, and the risk factors of END were connected to the mechanism of END.
Real-World Breast Cancer Patient Follow-Up Practices by Medical Oncologists in India—A Survey Report
Authors: Patel Amol , Gupta Vineet Govinda , Guleria Bhupesh , Das Chandan K. , Mehta Prashant , Ramegowda Kaushik Mahadevapura
Published: February 2022

Background In India, breast cancer patients' post-treatment follow-up practices are not known. We did this survey to understand how the breast cancer patients are followed-up and tried to explore the challenges associated with it.

Methods We conducted a survey-based study among Indian oncologists. Seven questions were framed pertaining to follow-up practices. Answers were provided in the form of multiple options. Google forms platform was used. Survey was circulated through social media apps and through mail. We sought suggestions and opinions to address the challenges from participants.

Results A total of 158 medical oncologists responded to this survey. 10% were not aware that only history and clinical examination are the scientific recommendations for follow-up. Ninety percent of the medical oncologists felt clinical breast examination as an uncomfortable practice for patients and physicians and 39% ordered a chest X-ray and an ultrasound abdomen. Annual mammogram was ordered by 83%, and blood investigations were recommended by 14% routinely. The majority (49.6%) felt that the absence of a female attendant, physician and patient factors were responsible for nonadherence to clinical breast examination. The DEXA scan was recommended by 84 (53%) medical oncologists regularly for patients on aromatase inhibitors, while 23 (14%) did not recommend it.

Conclusion There is a disparity between scientific recommendations and real-world follow-up practices. A large number of medical oncologists relied on chest X-ray and ultrasound abdomen. There is an unmet need to address this issue.
A Structural, Cognitive, and Behavioral Model for Error Analysis of Group B Streptococcus Prophylaxis in Pregnancy
Authors: Murphy Robert E. , Ibekwe Jane C. , Ibekwe Stella I. , Refuerzo Jerrie S.
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to develop a structural-cognitive-behavioral model for error analysis of group B streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis failure, classify delivery cases into this model, and examine compliance with treatment guidelines. A retrospective, cohort study was conducted of women with liveborn pregnancies greater than 24 weeks in April 2018 at a single hospital. We created a structural-cognitive-behavioral model of five assessments for adherence to GBS prophylaxis guidelines and then classified these into four distinct error stages. A descriptive analysis was performed to determine if the pregnancy had a perfect process, a GBS prophylaxis failure, or a fortuitous outcome. There were 313 women who met the study criteria. The rate of GBS positive was 12.8%, negative 37.4%, and unknown 49.8%. The most common errors were cognitive perception errors related to incorrectly documenting GBS status, 57.7% (N = 79). Of these errors, 15.2% (N = 12) led to GBS prophylaxis failure. Perfect outcomes occurred in 62.7% (N = 196) women, GBS prophylaxis failure occurred in 13.7% (N = 43), and fortuitous outcomes occurred in 23.6% (N = 74). In our study, we were able to identify structural, cognitive, and behavioral errors that contribute to GBS prophylaxis failures. In other cases, these errors may contribute to fortuitous outcomes.
The Role of Liver Zonation in Physiology, Regeneration, and Disease
Authors: Panday Regeant , Monckton Chase P. , Khetani Salman R.
Published: February 2022

As blood flows from the portal triad to the central vein, cell-mediated depletion establishes gradients of soluble factors such as oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, which act through molecular pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog) to spatially regulate hepatocyte functions along the sinusoid. Such “zonation” can lead to the compartmentalized initiation of several liver diseases, including alcoholic/non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, chemical/drug-induced toxicity, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and can also modulate liver regeneration. Transgenic rodent models provide valuable information on the key molecular regulators of zonation, while in vitro models allow for subjecting cells to precisely controlled factor gradients and elucidating species–specific differences in zonation. Here, we discuss the latest advances in both in vivo and in vitro models of liver zonation and pending questions to be addressed moving forward. Ultimately, obtaining a deeper understanding of zonation can lead to the development of more effective therapeutics for liver diseases, microphysiological systems, and scalable cell-based therapies.
Contradições diagnósticas na síndrome do túnel do carpo
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Costa Antonio Carlos , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Severino Nilson Roberto
Published: February 2022

Objetivo Diante da divergência sobre a necessidade de exames complementares, como ultrassonografia (US) e eletroneuromiografia (ENMG) para o diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC), objetivamos elucidar qual deles apresenta maior precisão na confirmação da presença ou não desta afecção.

Métodos Um total de 175 pacientes de um ambulatório de cirurgia da mão foram avaliados clinicamente, e os resultados dos testes clínicos (Tinel, Phalen e Durkan), da US (normal ou alterada) e da ENMG (normal, leve, moderada e grave) foram anotados, cruzados, e submetidos a análise estatística para verificar a concordância entre eles.

Resultados A idade média da amostra era de 53 anos, sendo prevalente o sexo feminino (159 casos). Dos pacientes com teste clínico positivo, 43,7% apresentavam US normal, e 41,7%, ENMG sem alterações. Foram encontrados resultados negativos no Tinel em 46,9% no Phalen em 47,4%, e no Durkan em 39,7%. No cruzamento entre a ENMG e os demais métodos diagnósticos, houve pouca concordância estatística.

Conclusão Não houve concordância entre os resultados dos exames clínicos, da US e da ENMG no diagnóstico da STC, e não há exame clínico ou complementar para STC que determine a conduta terapêutica com precisão.

Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
Complications of Transcutaneous Protheses – A Systematic Review of Publications Over the Past 10 Years
Authors: Souza Marcos Antonio de , Vallejos Riart Santiago Luis , Souza Stephanie Rugeri de , de Brito Rubens , Bento Ricardo Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Introduction Bone conduction implants, responsible for transmitting sound from an external processor to the inner ear, can be divided into active and passive, depending on the vibratory stimulus location. The use of transcutaneous device has increased, given its aesthetic appeal, the complications and limitations of percutaneous devices, and patient's treatment adherence, focusing mainly on efficacy. However, various complications are associated with the use of transcutaneous prosthesis, which can often be serious.

Objective To approach the literature on complications involving transcutaneous bone-anchored prostheses through a systematic review of articles published in the past 10 years (2011–2021).

Data Synthesis The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. All articles written in English reporting on currently available transcutaneous prosthesis implantation and its complications were selected. Studies on both children and adults were included. The data on complications were extracted, and complications were classified as minor or major and associated to each device used. Thirty-seven articles were included in the study, of which 14 were prospective cohort studies, 22 were retrospective case series, and 1 was a case report. Most studies (18) included both adults and children. Moreover, 901 implantations were performed, of which 552 implanted Baha Attract (Cochlear Ltd., Sydney, Australia), 244 implanted BoneBridge (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria), and 105 implanted Sophono (Sophono Inc., Boulder, CO, USA]). Furthermore, 192 adverse events were reported (total complication rate, 21.3%), with 161 minor complications (84.3%) and 31 major complications (16.1%).

Conclusion Transcutaneous prosthesis is an audiological alternative with fewer complications than percutaneous prosthesis. However, its indication should be judicious because complications are common, and although most complications are minor, serious infections requiring explantation may develop.
Shall we forget human nature? Political anthropology and technics from Marx and Engels to Simondon
Authors: Bardin Andrea , Raimondi Fabio
Published: February 2022

Human nature is something of a taboo on the left wing of contemporary political theory and scarcely more than a commonsense assumption on its right wing. This article aims to expose the taboo and to challenge the assumption. There is no way, we argue, to defeat conservative political theory without delving into political anthropology. With this purpose in mind, our article analyses the writings of Marx and Engels, and Simondon’s concepts of the transindividual and technics. It shows that Simondon’s theory of technics allows new interpretations of many of the themes scattered in Marx’s and Engels’s works and helps to formulate a materialist political anthropology which entails a political project of liberating ‘human nature’ from labour.
Prospect and challenges of analog switching for neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Banerjee Writam , Nikam Revannath Dnyandeo , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: February 2022

To inaugurate energy-efficient hardware as a solution to complex tasks, information processing paradigms shift from von Neumann to non-von Neumann computing architectures. Emerging electronic devices compete with speed, energy, and performance to revolutionize the neural hardware system where training and inference must achieve milestones. In this Perspective, we discuss the essential criteria for training and inference in various nonvolatile neuromorphic systems such as filamentary resistive switching, interfacial resistive switching, electrochemical random-access memory, and ferroelectric memory. We present a holistic analysis of technical requirements to design ideal neuromorphic hardware in which linearity is the critical aspect during training, whereas retention is the essential criterion of inference. Finally, we evaluate the prospect of a futuristic neuromorphic hardware system by optimizing the training and inference dilemma.
Effect of chemical doping on memristive behavior of VO2 microcrystals
Authors: Naik B. Raju , Verma Divya , Balakrishnan Viswanath
Published: February 2022

Strongly correlated oxides, such as vanadium dioxide that undergoes a sharp metal-insulator transition when triggered by different stimuli, are of high relevance for novel electronic devices. In this work, we show the variation in threshold voltage of memristor behavior with systematic doping of tungsten (W) in VO2 crystals grown by the vapor transport method. Chemical doping effects on metal insulator transition are further correlated with Raman spectroscopy studies and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Furthermore, bi-polar threshold switching of VO2 memristor behavior is demonstrated in VO2 microcrystals with different contents of W. Threshold voltage for electrical triggering in W doped VO2 is reduced to about 0.547 V from 2.27 V of undoped VO2.
A three-step phase transition upon high charge injection in VO2 platelets
Authors: Smieszek Nicholas , Joshi Siddharth , Chakrapani Vidhya
Published: February 2022

The present study reports the dynamics of phase transitions at the high electron injection limit in two-dimensional layers of VO2, an archetypical strongly correlated oxide that undergoes an insulator to metal transition (IMT) at 67 °C. Prior studies to date have reported electron doping as high as ∼1021 cm−3 in epitaxial thin films and nanoparticles of VO2 through catalytic spillover and electrochemical gating in ionic liquid electrolytes, which has been shown to induce a sequential insulator-to-metal-to-insulator phase transition. With the use of two-dimensional crystalline platelets, which enable fast Li+ diffusion and out diffusion kinetics during electrochemical gating, we show that an electron density as high as 4 × 1023 cm−3 can be reversibly injected into VO2 without significant structural damage. This leads to a giant conduction modulation involving an unprecedented three-step insulator-to-metal-to-insulator-to-metal transition along with a switch in the electrical polarity from n-type to p-type due to electron doping. A unified “lattice redox model” to explain the origin of thermal-, electrochemical-, and compositional-induced IMT that involves vanadium redox-induced band filling, structural distortion, and electron correlative effects is proposed.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the shock response of materials: A tutorial
Authors: Wen Peng , Tao Gang , Spearot Douglas E. , Phillpot Simon R.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this Tutorial is to help new researchers understand how to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the shock response of materials and to provide a brief discussion of how MD can provide important insights into issues in the shock physics of crystalline and amorphous materials. Two distinct approaches for generating shock waves are reviewed. Non-equilibrium MD simulations generate a shock front, usually moving along one axis of the sample, with the processes associated with shock wave propagation monitored throughout the simulation. Equilibrium MD simulations characterize the equilibrated state of a shocked material behind the shock wave front, without explicit consideration of the dynamics of wave propagation. Ultimately, using either method, and by using analysis techniques capable of extracting thermodynamic information and identifying defects, MD simulations can provide a powerful mechanistic understanding of shock that complements shock experiments.
Microcrystal ordering and second-order optical susceptibilities of zinc oxide films
Authors: Maslyanitsyn I. , Hayrullina I. , Shigorin V. , Voronov V. , Nagovitsyn I. , Savranskii V. , Novikov N. , Lobanov A. , Chudinova G.
Published: February 2022

Second harmonic generation in zinc oxide films deposited by the hydrothermal method was investigated. A correlation between second-order optical susceptibility tensor components d311 and d333 was studied by using the model of noninteracting microcrystals, and the origin of different contributions to the film nonlinearities was discussed. The change of stacking sequences and the inhomogeneity in the distribution of the nonlinearities over the film thickness are the most probable effects hindering the investigations of the thickness dependence of ZnO film nonlinearities. A model of the inhomogeneous distribution of the nonlinearities over the film thickness was used for doing an analysis of the experimental data features, which were accounted for by a sublayer, adjacent to the seed layer, and possess high optical nonlinearity, d333 = −72.6 pm/V.
Data-driven stochastic model for cross-interacting processes with different time scales
Authors: Gavrilov A. , Loskutov E. , Feigin A.
Published: February 2022

In this work, we propose a new data-driven method for modeling cross-interacting processes with different time scales represented by time series with different sampling steps. It is a generalization of a nonlinear stochastic model of an evolution operator based on neural networks and designed for the case of time series with a constant sampling step. The proposed model has a more complex structure. First, it describes each process by its own stochastic evolution operator with its own time step. Second, it takes into account possible nonlinear connections within each pair of processes in both directions. These connections are parameterized asymmetrically, depending on which process is faster and which process is slower. They make this model essentially different from the set of independent stochastic models constructed individually for each time scale. All evolution operators and connections are trained and optimized using the Bayesian framework, forming a multi-scale stochastic model. We demonstrate the performance of the model on two examples. The first example is a pair of coupled oscillators, with the couplings in both directions which can be turned on and off. Here, we show that inclusion of the connections into the model allows us to correctly reproduce observable effects related to coupling. The second example is a spatially distributed data generated by a global climate model running in the middle 19th century external conditions. In this case, the multi-scale model allows us to reproduce the coupling between the processes which exists in the observed data but is not captured by the model constructed individually for each process.
Modeling and measuring plasmonic excitations in hollow spherical gold nanoparticles
Authors: Müller Marvin M. , Perdana Nanda , Rockstuhl Carsten , Holzer Christof
Published: February 2022

We investigate molecular plasmonic excitations sustained in hollow spherical gold nanoparticles using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Specifically, we consider Au60 spherical, hollow molecules as a toy model for single-shell plasmonic molecules. To quantify the plasmonic character of the excitations obtained from TD-DFT, the energy-based plasmonicity index is generalized to the framework of DFT, validated on simple systems such as the sodium Na20 chain and the silver Ag20 compound, and subsequently successfully applied to more complex molecules. We also compare the quantum mechanical TD-DFT simulations to those obtained from a classical Mie theory that relies on macroscopic electrodynamics to model the light–matter interaction. This comparison allows us to distinguish those features that can be explained classically from those that require a quantum-mechanical treatment. Finally, a double-shell system obtained by placing a C60 buckyball inside the hollow spherical gold particle is further considered. It is found that the double-shell, while increasing the overall plasmonic character of the excitations, leads to significantly lowered absorption cross sections.
Sound absorption in Hilbert fractal and coiled acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Comandini G. , Khodr C. , Ting V. P. , Azarpeyvand M. , Scarpa F.
Published: February 2022

We describe here a class of acoustic metamaterials with fractal Hilbert space-filling and coiled geometry with equal tortuosity for noise mitigation. Experiments are performed using a four-microphone impedance tube and benchmarked against non-viscous and viscothermal finite element models related to configurations spanning up to five fractal/geometry orders. We show that the acoustic absorption can be predicted by the resonance of the cavities associated with the tortuous paths. For a given fractal/geometry order, the acoustic absorption at specific frequencies is also enhanced by maximizing the difference between the minimum and maximum fluid particle velocity of the air inside the patterns. These principles can be used to design high-performance acoustic metamaterials for sound absorption over broad frequency ranges.
Surface discharge propagation in C4F7N/CO2 mixture under positive impulse voltages
Authors: Chen Junhong , Li Jinshu , Dong Junhao , Sun Peng , Deng Junbo , Li Yuan , Zhang Guan-Jun
Published: February 2022

C4F7N/CO2 is a promising mixture to replace SF6 in an electrical insulation field for its environment friendly property. Understanding surface discharge behaviors of the C4F7N/CO2 mixture is essential for designing an effective insulation system. In this work, surface discharge propagation characteristics in the C4F7N/CO2 mixture under positive impulse voltages are investigated. The surface discharges are detected electrically and observed by optical imaging. The residual surface charge distribution is acquired by an electrostatic probe method and a dust figure method after surface discharge. Comparative studies in CO2 and SF6 are further conducted. Results exhibit some significant differences between CO2 and C4F7N/CO2 mixtures in the propagation pattern and morphology of surface discharges. The surface discharge in the C4F7N/CO2 mixture develops in a stepwise expansion pattern, which is a result of alternative formation of streamers and leaders. A leader channel and a streamer development region are clearly distinguished in the optical image. The dust figure shows that no charge is deposited on the leader channel area after discharge, proving that the leader channel is electrically neutral and of high conductivity. The residual surface charge distribution in the C4F7N/CO2 mixture is obtained and resembles pine branches. A little difference is found in the surface discharge propagation characteristics between the C4F7N/CO2 mixture and SF6.
Accurate molecular orientation at interfaces determined by multimode polarization-dependent heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation spectroscopy via multidimensional orientational distribution function
Authors: Yu Chun-Chieh , Imoto Sho , Seki Takakazu , Chiang Kuo-Yang , Sun Shumei , Bonn Mischa , Nagata Yuki
Published: February 2022

Many essential processes occur at soft interfaces, from chemical reactions on aqueous aerosols in the atmosphere to biochemical recognition and binding at the surface of cell membranes. The spatial arrangement of molecules specifically at these interfaces is crucial for many of such processes. The accurate determination of the interfacial molecular orientation has been challenging due to the low number of molecules at interfaces and the ambiguity of their orientational distribution. Here, we combine phase- and polarization-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to obtain the molecular orientation at the interface. We extend an exponentially decaying orientational distribution to multiple dimensions, which, in conjunction with multiple SFG datasets obtained from the different vibrational modes, allows us to determine the molecular orientation. We apply this new approach to formic acid molecules at the air–water interface. The inferred orientation of formic acid agrees very well with ab initio molecular dynamics data. The phase-resolved SFG multimode analysis scheme using the multidimensional orientational distribution thus provides a universal approach for obtaining the interfacial molecular orientation.