bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translocation of heavy metals and methods of their detoxification in podzolized chernozem
Authors: Chernikova Olga , Mazhaysky Yuri , Buryak Svetlana , Seregina Tatyana
Published: November 2020

At present, the fact that all unforeseen negative consequences of anthropogenic human activity significantly affect the biochemical regime of the natural environment is obvious. Therefore, agriculture should be aimed at reducing the release of chemicals from the biological cycle. Field observations were conducted to study the effect of detoxification techniques on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Six experiment variants were developed, using detoxicants with various combinations of them. The results of this research indicate that the organic matter of manure binds soluble metal salts into organometallic complexes, and fertilizer phosphates convert them into sparingly soluble compounds. Thus, they improve (heal) the soil contaminated by heavy metals.
Thermal-hydraulic Assessment of Seven Wire-wrapped rod Bundle
Authors: Lyu Kefeng , Sheng Xuelei , Ma Xudan
Published: November 2020

Lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) is one of the most potential materials for coolant and spallation target for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). Thermal-hydraulic behavior of LBE in fuel assembly is a key issue for development of the systems. To get a deeper understanding on the complex thermal-hydraulic features of wire-wrapped rod bundle cooled by upward LBE, an electrically bundle with 7 rods wrapped with helical wire was developed in KYLIN-II thermal-hydraulic forced circulation loop. The flow resistance, thermal entrance characteristic and heat transfer coefficient were investigated. As for the entrance characteristics, during the full heating length (exceeding 140 times the hydraulic diameter), the thermal field did not reach a fully developed and stable condition which is contrary to the ducted flows. The experimental heat transfer coefficient showed that the hexagonal shell has a great influence on the heat transfer coefficient in rod bundle geometry. For this reason the application of empirical correlation should be kept cautious in rod bundle analysis.
Intra-annual Runoff Distribution in the Pripyat River Basin
Authors: Volchak Alexander , Parfomuk Sergey , Sidak Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The time variability features of the intra-annual runoff distribution in the Pripyat River basin at the present stage are considered. The study used data from 10 active gauging-stations at the basin area for the period of enabled observations. Changes in the nature of natural runoff regulation of rivers are shown. An increase in the coefficient of natural runoff regulation after the period 1970-1983 for the rivers of the Pripyat River basin was revealed. The relationship between the coefficient of uneven runoff and the share of spring flood was established.
Defects of steel crane beams and methods of their strengthening
Authors: Shuryn Andrei , Mukhin Anatoli , Bryantsev Alexandr
Published: November 2020

Crane structures are the most vulnerable in buildings and structures because of their early wear in comparison with other building structures. The wear of crane structures is because of the appearance and the development of fatigue damage nature.

The article presents the constructive solutions developed by the authors for strengthening the structures of steel crane beams with conventional and corrugated walls which allow to reduce the influence of the negative influence of installation, operation and technological processes on their operational durability.

The most dangerous installation defect is the displacement of the crane rail axis relative to the axis of the crane beams wall. Value of this shift is exceeded several times in the cases considered below. It is proposed to use crane beams with corrugated walls to solve this problem.

The authors have developed and implemented a project to restore the performance of steel crane beams by strengthening the walls of damaged beams without stopping production. Strengthening was performed on the outside of the eccentricities of the application of loads from crane rails by creating a truss structure parallel to the I-beam with chords of I-beams, which made it possible to significantly reduce the magnitude of local stresses from moments, the magnitude of transverse forces and consequently shear stresses, which are the main factors in the appearance and development of fatigue cracks in their walls.
Analysis of the electric motor and transmission for a 4x4 ATV
Authors: Evseev Kirill , Dyakov Alexey , Popova Ksenia
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a comparative tests and mathematical modeling for the selection of various units and assemblies of motor vehicles. These results were analyzed for optimal power plant and transmission selection, followed by improvements to develop a vehicle with an up to date electromechanical transmission. The article substantiates the choice of components and assemblies for a 4x4 ATV with an electromechanical transmission.
Improving the efficiency of the road junction at the city entrance
Authors: Shevtsova A. G. , Burlutskaya A. G. , Vasilieva V. V. , Levshina K. V. , Minaeva E. M.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the method of increasing the capacity at the trans-tailor interchanges providing access to cities, using the example of Belgorod, by introducing the Ramp metering traffic light control system. 4 traffic interchanges at the entrances to the regional center were investigated, geometric parameters of the exits were evaluated. Based on geometric analysis, intensity calculations and time delays, the optimal area for implementing the Ramp metering system is selected.
Analysis of the corrosion behavior of steel reinforcement protected by phosphate coatings
Authors: Konovalova Viktoriya
Published: November 2020

The influence of phosphate coatings on the corrosion behavior of steel reinforcement in a chloride-containing environment was studied to determine the need for additional protection against corrosion. The main indicators of the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement with phosphate coatings in chloride-containing solutions were determined, confirming the high protective properties of these coatings. It was found that the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement protected by phosphate coatings is reduced by 3 times. The processes of electrochemical corrosion of steel reinforcement of strength class A500S from steel grade St3ps in concrete under the influence of aggressive environments containing chloride ions (2 % MgCl2 solution and HCl solution with pH = 5) were studied. The kinetics of the corrosion process of steel reinforcement with and without protective phosphate coatings in solutions of various compositions has been studied. The change in mass of steel reinforcement protected by phosphate coatings is 3-4 times less than that of samples without coating. The surface potential of steel reinforcement with phosphate films changes significantly more slowly than that of unprotected samples.
Study of the features of the development of computer-aided design of functional coatings by plasma spraying
Authors: Trifonov Grigory I. , Kukarskikh Lyubov A. , Kiryanov Vladimir K. , Krikunov Dmitry O. , Mikhalchenko Andrey V.
Published: November 2020

To date, there are a number of tasks and problem areas related to the technological preparation of plasma spraying and design of technical systems, the solution of which is most relevant in production areas. In this paper, studies of the processes occurring during plasma spraying were carried out. The analysis of the factors of plasma deposition influencing the development of computer-aided design (CAD) was carried out. In the course of research, a generalized block diagram of the CAD coating was developed. The stages of CAD formation for plasma spraying are simulated.
Processes of isothermal formation of hollow t-shaped tubes made of high-strength alloys
Authors: Pasynkov Andrey A. , Larin Sergey N. , Semenova Lydmila P.
Published: November 2020

Slow hot deformation makes it possible to achieve a significant growth of deformation without the destruction of the material and avoiding a significant decrease in pressure when forming difficult-to-deform non-ferrous alloys. This is especially important when it is necessary to obtain products that operate in severe conditions, for example, in propulsion systems. The article discusses the manufacture of hollow T-shaped connectors by means of forming, namely, by means of extrusion in orthogonal planes and piercing. It was assumed that these operations took place under isothermal conditions. Expressions for calculating the force values of the processes are obtained. Using these expressions, the influence of the degrees of deformation on the forces of extrusion and piercing was investigated.
Morphology and Chemical Composition of Silicon Carbide Surface in Interaction with Titanium Alloy under Micro-Scratching Conditions
Authors: Nosenko Vladimir , Fetisov Aleksandr , Nosenko Sergey , Puzyrkova Valeria
Published: November 2020

The article describes features of the wear site morphology formation during micro-scratching of a titanium alloy by a silicon carbide crystal in comparison with a corundum crystal. The initial shape of the crystal top and the rate of micro-scratching were assumed to be constant. No lubricating or cooling process media were used. External factors: micro-scratch depth and cutting path length. The chemical composition of wear sites was studied using micro-x-ray spectral analysis. The content of chemical elements in the surface layer of silicon carbide and adhered metal was studied at separate points and by area scanning. The accelerating voltage of the excitation electrons was changed in the range from 5 to 20 kV. The concentration of chemical elements on the surface of the wear site was determined immediately after micro-scratching and after removing the adhered metal by etching. The regularities of changes in the concentration of chemical elements depending on the accelerating voltage of the excitation electrons were determined.
Effect of gas-dynamic spraying parameters on the characteristics of coatings for steel shaft
Authors: Ponomarev Alexey , Plakhov Sergey , Aksenov Andrew , Popov Andrey
Published: November 2020

In this article, the effect of the powder composition and energy parameters of the gas-dynamic deposition mode on the hardness of coatings of low-carbon steel samples was studied. Technological recommendations for preliminary preparation of the base metal of shafts before gas-dynamic spraying of thin layers in order to increase the strength of their adhesion are proposed.
Study of the fractional composition of electroerosive powder materials of the tungsten nickel iron alloy obtained in lighting kerosene
Authors: Ageev E.V. , Harakova N.M. , Pikalov S.V , Korolev M.S , Podanov V.O
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of experimental research aimed at studying the fractional composition of electroerosive powder materials of the tungsten nickel iron alloy obtained in lighting kerosene. It has been found that more than half of the total number of particles is particles with a size of less than 47.7 microns. It was also noted that particles with a size less than or equal to 29.37 microns in the powder include 20.0% of the total volume. The conducted research makes it possible to determine the most relevant field of application of the obtained powder materials and will improve the quality of scientific and technical developments in the field of application of electroerosive powder materials.
X-ray spectral analysis of sintered products made of electroerosive materials obtained from X17 alloy waste in lighting kerosene
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Pereverzev A. S. , Sysoev A.A
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the elemental composition of sintered products from alloy X17 electroerosive materials obtained in lighting kerosene. It is shown that the main elements on the surface of sintered products are chromium, iron and nickel.
Improving the mechanical properties of zirconia in instrument bearings
Authors: Alisin V. V. , Diethelm B. A. , Kulebyakin A. V. , Myzina V. A. , Tabachkova N. Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the issues of replacing leucosapphires in jeweled bearings of the axes of precision instruments with nanostructured crystals of partially stabilized zirconia. The statement is substantiated that doping with rare earth elements provides an improvement in the performance properties of precision instruments by improving the mechanical properties of bearing materials. The efficiency of doping of zirconia crystals with cerium and neodymium oxides is studied. It was found that doped crystals have increased plasticity, which provides an increase in the crack resistance of crystals. Special attention is paid to the issues of increasing the survivability of high-speed rotor bearings by replacing the thrust bearing of leucosapphire with nanostructured crystals of partially stabilized zirconia doped with cerium and neodymium. The efficiency of improving the mechanical properties is confirmed by the X-ray phase analysis of crystals. The phase composition is studied by Raman scattering and the lattice parameters are determined. The increased crack resistance of the thrust bearing is confirmed by tests performed using the kinetic microhardness method.
Comparison of corrosion, physico-mechanical and wear properties of TiN, ZrN, TixZr1-xN and Ti1-xAlxN coatings
Authors: Kameneva Anna , Karmanov Vadim , Stepanov Sergey , Kameneva Darya
Published: November 2020

In this paper, TiN, ZrN, TixZr1-xN, Ti1-xAlxN coatings were obtained by cathodic arc evaporation at optimal technological parameters. The corrosion properties of these coatings were investigated in 5% NaOH. The coating ZrN deposited by cathodic arc evaporation slows down the corrosion in the 5% NaOH by over 3,000 times, and the passive current – by 2,000 times. The TixZr1-xN coating has the best physico-mechanical properties: microhardness Н = 36 GPa, Young’s modulus Е = 312 GPa, elastic recovery We = 78 %, resistance to elastic failure strain H/E = 0.12, and resistance to plastic strain H3/E2 = 1.31 GPa. The Ti1-xAlxN coating has the best wear properties: friction coefficient 0.09, counterbody wear intensity by volume 0.43•10-8 mm3/Nm, coating wear intensity by volume 0.05•10-4 mm3/Nm and by mass•0.03•10-5 mg/Nm. Multilayer coating TiN-TixZr1-xN-Ti1-xAlxN-ZrN (ZrN-top layer) has a complex of high physico-mechanical and wear properties in 5% NaOH.
Influence of aluminium and molybdenum on properties of coatings and cutting properties of coated tools
Authors: Volosova Marina , Bublikov Jury , Sotova Catherine , Sadov Ilya
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of the investigation focused on the properties of the Cr,Mo-(Cr,Mo)N-(Cr,Mo,Al)N multilayered composite wear-resistant coating with a nanostructured wear-resistant layer. The nanostructure of the coating was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microhardness was measured, and the chemical composition was found. The cutting properties of a tool with the Cr,Mo-(Cr,Mo)N-(Cr,Mo,Al)N coating were studied during the turning of 09G2S silicon-manganese steel. It has been found that the use of a cutting tool with the Cr,Mo-(Cr,Mo)N-(Cr,Mo,Al)N coating reduces the flank wear rate by 1.65 times compared to an uncoated tool.
Kinetic regularities of alloying iron-carbon alloys with vanadium
Authors: Klimov Alexander , Zinigrad Michael
Published: November 2020

The results of the vanadium reduction laboratory investigation are presented. Experiments were conducted with CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-V2O3slags in a wide range of compositions in an air atmosphere. A saturated iron- carbon melt was used as a reducing agent. The reduction kinetics was studied by sampling. V2O3reduction from slags having a viscosity of more than 0.5 Pa⋅s and containing less than 7.5–8.0% V2O3proceeds in a diffusion mode. The reaction is of the first order in vanadium. The process rate is inversely proportional to the square root of slag viscosity. A good agreement between the obtained data and the results of electrochemical studies on the cathodic reduction of vanadium was found. One made possible to deduce the rate equation of vanadium reduction by an iron-carbon melt depending on the volume concentration, temperature and slag viscosity. The calculated data for different slags acceptably check with those found by experiment.
Temperature Dependences of Structural Parameters of PMN in the Region of Diffuse Phase Transition
Authors: Lebedinskaya Alla , Rudskaya Angela
Published: November 2020

In this work, we analyzed the structural parameters of the lead magnoniobate sample in the temperature range from 20 ºC to 450 ºC by X- ray structural analysis. It was found that the PMN cubic perovskite cell does not undergo distortions over the entire temperature range under study. In the vicinity of a temperature of 250 ºC in PMN, an abrupt decrease in the coefficient of linear expansion from 1.06∙10-5 K-1 to 0.32∙10-5 K-1, which is possibly associated with a change in the anharmonicity of the potential relief of atoms in the structure, is recorded.
Oscillations in a nonlinear spring mechanism with one degree of freedom
Authors: Kondratenko Leonid , Mironova Lubov
Published: November 2020

A new method for studying dynamics in a nonlinear spring- loaded mechanism is described, which consists in describing a spring as an elastic solid rod with conditional density and elastic modulus. When studying vibrations in such a rod, instead of the well-known second-order differential equation, two derived first-order equations are used that relate the acceleration and gradient of speed to the velocity and gradient of the change in the voltage of the particles of a given body. The frequency characteristic of the linear mechanism is given. The behavior of the mechanism in the presence of significant nonlinearity is considered. The self-oscillation parameters are determined that make it possible to estimate the design life.
Lubrication system of a roller cone bit
Authors: Simisinov Denis , Afanas’ev Anatoly , Adas Vitaliy , Simisinov Anton
Published: November 2020

For drilling roller bits that work with face purging, a device for a circulating lubrication system is proposed through the use of a plunger pump. A constant circulation of the lubricant is realized with a performance proportional to the speed of the bit. The relationship between the parameters of the lubrication system and the purge air pressure with the maximum depth of the well is established. The obtained equations allow us to determine the parameters of the bit journal lubrication system and exclude the penetration of drilling products into the bearing cavity, which will increase the bit life.
Determination of the duration of deburring at vibro-abrasive treatment of parts in organic media
Authors: Kolganova Yelena , Vyalikov Ivan , Azarova Anna , Mishchenko Roman , Sanamyan Georgiy
Published: November 2020

Basing on the radio-electronic equipment parts design and technological features analysis and granular media vibration treatment process main technological principles, a process model has been developed providing surfaces parts effective finishing and cleaning treatment by means of organic origin working media. Complex-profile devices parts bone organic media vibration treatment experimental studies have been carried out.
The influence of parameters of friction stir welding modes on the mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant alloys with steel
Authors: Rzaev Radmir , Smirnov Vladimir , Smirnov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The article discusses promising technological methods used for the formation of joints of corrosion-resistant alloys with steels by friction stir welding (FSW). The dependences of the strength characteristics modes on the FSW (angle of inclination of the tool, displacement of the tool from the contact line of the welded samples) are presented. The subject of the analysis is the design of the edges of the parts to be welded in the case of FSW and the stage-by-stage analysis of the process of producing butt joints of corrosion-resistant alloys with steels, taking into account the parameters of welding modes. The article analyzes the factors affecting the strength of dissimilar joints of OT4-1 (VT1) alloys and St3 (12H18N10T) steels, made with the help of a FSW. The influence of the geometry of the prepared edges of parts on the strength of welded joints has been studied. The results of strength tests are presented, design and technological methods are recom- mended, aimed at improving the conditions and activating the formation of adhesive dissimilar joints.
The gas flow dynamics in a separator with coaxially arranged pipes
Authors: Zinurov Vadim E. , Dmitriev Andrey V. , Badretdinova Guzel R. , Bikkulov Rustem Ya. , Madyshev Ilnur N.
Published: November 2020

In order to increase the efficiency of gas purification from the particles of up to 20 microns and to increase the service life of bag and electrostatic filters, the authors propose to use a centrifugal separation device with coaxially arranged pipes to be installed before the fine purification devices. The numerical studies of gas dynamics in a separation device were conducted in ANSYS Fluent software package. As a result of conducted numerical studies, it was found that the pressure loss in the centrifugal separation device is not more than 70 Pa at the inlet gas flow rate from 1 to 15 m/s and the width of rectangular hole within the range from 10 to 15 mm. The low pressure losses are caused by the design features; in particular, the resulting vortices in the inter-cylindrical space practically do not contact the wall surfaces of device. The equations of pressure loss depending on the width of rectangular holes and the hydraulic resistance coefficient of separation device depending on the inlet gas flow rate were obtained. The design coefficient of hydraulic resistance of separation device was equal to 0.45.
Development of the combined chemical-mechanical approach to polymeric materials cutting
Authors: Erenkov Oleg , Yavorskii Daniil , Protsenko Alexander
Published: November 2020

The analysis of the phenomena occurring during the interaction of polymeric materials with aggressive media is carried out. Scientifically substantiated is the chemical effect on workpieces made from polymeric materials before cutting. In this case, it is advisable to carry out the processing of polymers with an aggressive medium in such a way as to ensure cracking or loosening of the surface layer to a certain depth, without changing the chemical properties of a particular polymer. The results of experimental studies of samples in tension after appropriate chemical treatment are carried out. The research results analysis made it possible to establish the fact that the treatment of the studied polymeric materials with active media leads to a significant decrease in strength. Methods have been developed, the essence of which is a directed change in the properties of the processed material, by preliminary chemical treatment of the surface layer, in order to reduce the resistance to destruction of the surface layer of the workpiece during its subsequent interaction with the cutting tool.
Study of the Rostov nuclear power plant efficiency operation under increased vacuum value
Authors: Babushkin Aleksey , Skubienko Sergey , Kinash Ludmila
Published: November 2020

In this study, the influence of the cooling water temperature on the thermal efficiency of a conceptual pressurized-water reactor nuclear- power plant is studied. The change in the cooling water temperature can be experienced due to the seasonal changes in climatic conditions at plant site. The article presents the results of technical and economic parameters study of nuclear power unit’s operation under increased vacuum value. Investigated seasonal variations of cooling water temperature, cooling water temperature influence on the vacuum temperature in the turbine condenser, and changing the basic technical and economic performance of nuclear power station. The mathematical model of calculation the nuclear power plant operation for a 1000 MW power unit was developed.
Influence of the tool’s feed on the thickness of burrs at the pipe end during stack cutting with a circular saw
Authors: Makarova Olga A. , Zhdanov Alexey A. , Kozhevnikova Alla A. , Arzhukhanov Ruslan I. , Van Giang Vu
Published: November 2020

By means of mathematical modeling of the distribution of the temperature field in the workpiece during stack cutting of cold rolled metal, the results of heat distribution in the pipe material were obtained at various feeds S. The temperature field of the pipe material at feeds 0.008 m/ s (0.0012 mm / tooth) - 0.028 m / s (0.0042 mm / tooth) is studied when cutting a stack of blanks from workpieces with a diameter of 42 mm.
Effects of forming agents on performance of highly-porous abrasive tools
Authors: Bagaiskov Yuri
Published: November 2020

Quality assurance and processing capacity are essential performance parameters of abrasive tools. It is of prime importance for grinding wheels operating at a speed of 35–60 m/s. In this case, opportunities to increase grinding efficiency without burns are associated with using high-porosity and low-hardness wheels. Artificial pore-forming agents are used to manufacture tools. The introduction of pore-forming agents decreases grinding forces and increases the maximum grinding depth without burns. The grinding ratio decreases as the content and grit size of pore-forming agents increase. Since the introduction of pore- forming agents with the grit size exceeding that of the abrasive material increases the distance between the abrasive material’s grains, the surface roughness of grinding with high-porosity wheels is slightly higher, which requires using wheels with a lower grit size of the abrasive material. In general, a possibility to apply deeper grinding without burns emerges, which increases capacity, ensuring the required metal-surface quality.
Reducing of energy consumption for the object’s motion with designed optimum control
Authors: Bokhonsky Alexander , Varminskaya Natalia , Ryzhkov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

The tendency of energy consumption decreasing for the designed optimal controls is revealed in dependence on the degree of the polynomial describing the control (acceleration) for the object’s translational motion.
Direct image-based micro finite element modelling of bone tissue
Authors: Gerasimov Oleg , Kharin Nikita , Yaikova Viktoriya , Statsenko Evgeniy , Baltina Tatyana
Published: November 2020

In the paper, a method for the direct image-based creation of the finite element model from images is presented. Image information is taken into account during the calculation of the element stiffness matrix. In this case, material heterogeneity can be included directly in the finite element model. For this purpose, the hypothesis about the correlation between pixel values and elastic properties was used. Four nodes plane element was built. The element can be used with the quantitative phase or scanning electron images and computed tomography data. Simulation for bone data performed. The influence of pixel on the error estimate was studied. The method to parallelize the calculation of the stiffness matrix is presented. As an example, a slice of bone was used in the calculation. Results for average stress distribution for the origin and improved mesh are presented.
The use of discrete mathematics algorithms in technological design
Authors: Glinskaya Nina , Belonovskaya Isabella
Published: November 2020

The article examines the possibility of the formalization of the main stages of a detail mechanical processing using discrete mathematics methods. There are examples of using the graph theory for modeling practically all the stages of the development of processing technology. For structural optimization of technological process it is offered to use the problem of the traveling salesman. The choice of technological bases may be carried out both with using the graph theory and the set theory. The article makes a conclusion about the effectiveness of discrete mathematics methods for the formalization of decision making processes during technological processing.
Designing a Tracked Running Gear of a Radio-Controlled Harvester
Authors: Klubnichkin Vladislav , Klubnichkin Evgeny , Yakovlev Maxim , Makarov Vladimir , Belyakov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

This work describes a model of a running gear of the designed tracked radio-controlled harvester intended for clean cutting which has been developed in the applied software package “Universal Mechanism” with use of the “Tracked Vehicles” module. It offers basic characteristics, justifies selection of variable parameters of the model. It describes modelling options of a model travel over variable irregularities, presents the obtained tractive effort torques on sprockets and loads acting on the support rollers.
Modeling the transfer of potassium monophosphate with irrigation water in drip irrigation and sprinkling
Authors: Alekseev Victor , Aleksandrov Rustam , Vasiliev Sergey , Kharitonova Olga , Philippov Vladimir , Alekseev V. V.
Published: November 2020

Fertigation practically always allows us to simultaneously solve a wide range of problems of supplying plants with mineral substances. It is due to the possibility to localize the application area in accordance with the structural features of the root system of the plant. A review of the studies on modeling and calculating the transfer of nutrients shows that spatial inhomogeneity of nutrients distribution may lead to their excess in wrong soil areas. Time intervals and volumes of applying dissolved fertilizers determine the not yet completely studied dynamics of concentration of the nutrition elements in the root area. Formation of the root system is under a strong influence of the boundaries of the wetting contour, since after the irrigation and soil drying nutrients tend to concentrate in this particular area. The results of transfer modeling showed significant differences in the final distribution of potassium monophosphate in soil depending on the initial distribution of moisture there. This can be pre-estimated and calculated. The designed software programme for modeling nutrients transfer with irrigation water allows the user to set various initial wetting gradients depending on the depth, the intervals between the drippers, the intensity and duration of watering. The calculations are made considering the basic hydrophysical soil characteristic and hydraulic conductivity function. The software is equipped with an interactive graphic interface for primary data processing, soil profile discretization and graphic representation of the results.
A biotechnological system of root crops preparation for farm animals
Authors: Brusenkov Aleksey , Kapustin Vasiliy , Nemtinov Vladimir , Nemtinova Yulia
Published: November 2020

It is known that the modern approach to studying complex, multidimensional and interrelated physical or biochemical systems is using system analysis with mathematical modeling methods for describing quantitative laws at all levels of hierarchy. Preliminary analysis has shown that a livestock breeding complex as a whole or any separate technological process can be considered as a multi-level system. In this case, a more complex system is determined not by a larger number of its elements, but by complexity of their properties and relationships at different stages (or levels) of the hierarchical structure. It was determined, that the developed approach to analyzing technological lines for delivery and preparation of root crops allows to consider and solve not only the problem of optimal functioning of the system in producing target products from technical and economic standpoints, but also to establish rational links of the system with the external environment, that is, to assess its environmental efficiency. Therefore, this task becomes the most relevant in developing new technologies and structural schemes aimed at creating low-waste or non- waste production lines with the maximum use of raw materials and energy resources within the system.
Reconstruction of the Parker spiral with the Reverse In situ data and MHD APproach – RIMAP
Authors: Biondo Ruggero , Bemporad Alessandro , Mignone Andrea , Reale Fabio
Published: November 2020

The reconstruction of plasma parameters in the interplanetary medium is very important to understand the interplanetary propagation of solar eruptions and for Space Weather application purposes. Because only a few spacecraft are measuring in situ these parameters, reconstructions are currently performed by running complex numerical Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations starting from remote sensing observations of the Sun. Current models apply full 3D MHD simulations of the corona or extrapolations of photospheric magnetic fields combined with semi-empirical relationships to derive the plasma parameters on a sphere centered on the Sun (inner boundary). The plasma is then propagated in the interplanetary medium up to the Earth’s orbit and beyond. Nevertheless, this approach requires significant theoretical and computational efforts, and the results are only in partial agreement with the in situ observations. In this paper we describe a new approach to this problem called RIMAP – Reverse In situ data and MHD APproach. The plasma parameters in the inner boundary at 0.1 AU are derived directly from the in situ measurements acquired at 1 AU, by applying a back reconstruction technique to remap them into the inner heliosphere. This remapping is done by using the Weber and Davies solar wind theoretical model to reconstruct the wind flowlines. The plasma is then re-propagated outward from 0.1 AU by running a MHD numerical simulation based on the PLUTO code. The interplanetary spiral reconstructions obtained with RIMAP are not only in a much better agreement with the in situ observations, but are also including many more small-scale longitudinal features in the plasma parameters that are not reproduced with the approaches developed so far.
Spiritual Care
Authors: von Campenhausen Jutta
Published: November 2020

Die junge Disziplin widmet sich den Seelenkräften, die Heilung und Durchhaltewillen, Coping und Resilienz vermitteln. Das Wissen darum lässt sich vergleichsweise leicht in den Klinikalltag einbauen und verbessert oft die Atmosphäre für alle Beteiligten.
Fractures of the Humeral Ulnar Condyle in Children – a Rare but Complicated Injury
Authors: Fernandez Francisco Fernandez , Ihle Christoph , Ziegler Patrick , Wirth Thomas , Eberhardt Oliver
Published: November 2020

Background Ulnar humeral condyle fractures are rare paediatric elbow fractures, classified as Salter-Harris IV paediatric elbow injuries. Due to constant radiological changes in the elbow with varying manifestation of ossification centres as well as late ossification of the trochlea, diagnosis of these injuries is challenging. To avoid long-term complications, the treating surgeon should be familiar with the rare injury picture, diagnostics and adequate therapeutic measures.

Material and Methods The present retrospective study includes data on all paediatric cases from 2002 to 2019 with primary or secondary treatment at a paediatric traumatology centre for ulnar condyle fracture with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Range of motion, joint stability under valgus and varus stress as well as axial ratios of the injured and uninjured side were evaluated in a clinical follow-up examination. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used to objectify functional results.

Results 20 children, average age 8.6 years (4 – 13) and average follow-up time 25 months, were included. Radiological evaluation based on Jakob and Fowles classification revealed a type I fracture in three cases, a type II fracture in one case and a type III fracture in 16 cases. Three cases were treated nonoperatively with an upper arm cast. 17 children were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Diagnosis of three fractures was delayed. No postoperative complications such as infections, nerve damage or nonunions. 15 children showed free elbow function. Three children showed slightly restricted elbow extension by less than 10° and two by 10°–20°. All children showed free pro/supination. 18 children showed a physiological and bilaterally identical arm axis compared to the uninjured side. Two children showed a slightly increased cubitus valgus with a 5 – 10° difference between sides. Radiologically, two children with delayed fracture treatment showed
partial necrosis of the trochlea. The Mayo Elbow Score showed good (2) to excellent results in all children (18).

Conclusion Very good clinical and functional results can be expected if the injury is diagnosed without delay followed by adequate therapy. Misdiagnosis of ulnar condyle fractures can be associated with the development of nonunions and functional restrictions as well as, after operative therapy, trochlear necrosis. Children up to the age of 6 in particular are at risk of misdiagnosis due to faulty assessment of the cartilaginous trochlea.
Design, Synthesis and Enhanced BBB Penetration Studies of
L-serine-Tethered Nipecotic Acid-Prodrug
Authors: Dhanawat Meenakshi , Gupta Sumeet , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Das Rina
Published: November 2020

Nipecotic acid is considered to be one of the most potent inhibitors of
neuronal and glial-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake in vitro. Due to its
hydrophilic nature, nipecotic acid does not readily cross the blood-brain
barrier (BBB). Large neutral amino acids (LAT1)-knotted nipecotic acid
prodrug was designed and synthesized with the aim to enhance the BBB
permeation by the use of carrier-mediated transport. The synthesized prodrug
was tested in animal models of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions
in mice. Further pain studies were carried out followed by neurotoxicity
estimation by writhing and rota-rod test respectively. HPLC data suggests
that the synthesized prodrug has improved penetration through BBB. Nipecotic
acid-L-serine ester prodrug with considerable anti-epileptic activity, and
the ability to permeate the BBB has been successfully synthesized. Graphical Abstract.
Ammonia–Borane-Mediated Reduction of Nitroalkenes
Authors: Benaglia Maurizio , Faverio Chiara , Boselli Monica Fiorenza , Raimondi Laura
Published: November 2020

Ammonia borane (AB) has been successfully employed in the reduction of nitroalkenes. A variety of nitrostyrenes and alkyl-substituted­ nitroalkenes were chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding nitroalkanes, in short reaction time, with an atom-economic, simple experimental procedure that also works with α- and β-substituted nitroolefins.
A Method to Improve Availability and Quality of Patient Race Data in an Electronic Health Record System
Authors: Cusick Marika M. , Sholle Evan T. , Davila Marcos A. , Kabariti Joseph , Cole Curtis L. , Campion Thomas R.
Published: November 2020

Background Although federal regulations mandate documentation of structured race data according to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) categories in electronic health record (EHR) systems, many institutions have reported gaps in EHR race data that hinder secondary use for population-level research focused on underserved populations. When evaluating race data available for research purposes, we found our institution's enterprise EHR contained structured race data for only 51% (1.6 million) of patients.

Objectives We seek to improve the availability and quality of structured race data available to researchers by integrating values from multiple local sources.

Methods To address the deficiency in race data availability, we implemented a method to supplement OMB race values from four local sources—inpatient EHR, inpatient billing, natural language processing, and coded clinical observations. We evaluated this method by measuring race data availability and data quality with respect to completeness, concordance, and plausibility.

Results The supplementation method improved race data availability in the enterprise EHR up to 10% for some minority groups and 4% overall. We identified structured OMB race values for more than 142,000 patients, nearly a third of whom were from racial minority groups. Our data quality evaluation indicated that the supplemented race values improved completeness in the enterprise EHR, originated from sources in agreement with the enterprise EHR, and were unbiased to the enterprise EHR.

Conclusion Implementation of this method can successfully increase OMB race data availability, potentially enhancing accrual of patients from underserved populations to research studies.
Remote Patient Monitoring Program for Hospital Discharged COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Gordon William J. , Henderson Daniel , DeSharone Avital , Fisher Herrick N. , Judge Jessica , Levine David M. , MacLean Laura , Sousa Diane , Su Mack Y. , Boxer Robert
Published: November 2020

Objective We deployed a Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) program to monitor patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon hospital discharge. We describe the patient characteristics, program characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients in our RPM program.

Methods We enrolled COVID-19 patients being discharged home from the hospital. Enrolled patients had an app, and were provided with a pulse oximeter and thermometer. Patients self-reported symptoms, O2 saturation, and temperature daily. Abnormal symptoms or vital signs were flagged and assessed by a pool of nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient and program characteristics. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of a combined endpoint of emergency department (ED) or hospital readmission.

Results A total of 295 patients were referred for RPM from five participating hospitals, and 225 patients were enrolled. A majority of enrolled patients (66%) completed the monitoring period without triggering an abnormal alert. Enrollment was associated with a decreased odds of ED or hospital readmission (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.97; p = 0.039). Referral without enrollment was not associated with a reduced odds of ED or hospital readmission.

Conclusion RPM for COVID-19 provides a mechanism to monitor patients in their home environment and reduce hospital utilization. Our work suggests that RPM reduces readmissions for patients with COVID-19 and provides scalable remote monitoring capabilities upon hospital discharge. RPM for postdischarge patients with COVID-19 was associated with a decreased risk of readmission to the ED or hospital, and provided a scalable mechanism to monitor patients in their home environment.
Prosthetic Accuracy Depends on the Design of Patient-Specific Instrumentation: Results of a Retrospective Study Using Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Yamamura Kazumasa , Inori Fumiaki , Konishi Sadahiko
Published: November 2020

To determine accuracy of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI), the preoperative three-dimensional (3D) plan should be superimposed on the postoperative 3D image to compare prosthetic alignment. We aimed to compare prosthetic alignment on a preoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) plan and postoperative 3D-CT image, and evaluate the accuracy of PSI during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thirty consecutive knees (30 patients) who underwent TKA using PSI were retrospectively evaluated. The preoperative plan was prepared using 3D CT acquisitions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The postoperative 3D CT image obtained 1 week after surgery was superimposed onto the preoperative 3D plan using computer software. Differences in prosthetic alignment between the preoperative and postoperative images were measured using six parameters: coronal, sagittal, and axial alignments of femoral and tibial prostheses. Differences in prosthetic alignment greater than 3 degrees were considered outliers. Two observers performed all measurements. All parameters were repeatedly measured over a 4-week interval. This measurement method's intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were more than 0.81 (very good). For the femoral and tibial prostheses, absolute differences between the preoperative and postoperative 3D CT images were significantly larger in the sagittal than in the coronal and axial planes (p < 0.001). The outlier rate for the sagittal alignment of femoral and tibial prostheses was significantly higher than that for the alignment of coronal and axial planes (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the range of motion (ROM) before and after TKA when comparing cases with and without outliers in the sagittal plane. Even though the present study did not reveal any issues with the ROM that depended on the presence of an outlier, accurate verification of prosthetic alignment for individual PSI models may be necessary because the designs, referenced images, and accuracy are different in each model.
Protest graffiti, social movements and changing participation frameworks
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chan Brian Hok-Shing
Published: November 2020

As a type of written discourse without guaranteed readership and response, protest graffiti nonetheless projects a
participation framework in which protesters address different participants, including not only the government but also other potential
‘participants’ in the social/cultural/political context. This paper studies a dataset of graffiti associated with a protest movement in
Macao, China. A survey of the longitudinal data reveals that the contents and visual representation of the graffiti have changed to reflect
evolving participation frameworks which are in response to different stages of social movements. While graffiti in earlier stages tends to
be more accusatory and anti-governmental, graffiti in later stages shows a shift of protesters’ position more in alignment with patriotism
and allegiance to authority. Instead of presenting views competing with mainstream political discourse, our data, with their multimodal
resources, draw heavily on Chinese cultural discourses which are supposedly shared among the protesters and addressees in this context.
Inclusive

photoproduction at the CEPC *
Authors: Zhan Xi-Jie , Wang Jian-Xiong
Published: November 2020

Inclusive

photoproduction at the future Circular-Electron-Positron-Collider (CEPC) is studied, using the non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization formalism. Including the contributions from both direct and resolved photons, we present different distributions for the

production. Our results suggest that there will be considerable events, implying that well measurements of the

photoproduction can be performed to further study heavy quarkonium physics at electron-positron colliders, in addition to hadron colliders. This supplemental study is very important for clarifying the current situation regarding the heavy quarkonium production mechanism.
Shell corrections with finite temperature covariant density functional theory *
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Wan-Li , Sun Ting-Ting
Published: November 2020

The temperature dependence of the shell corrections to the energy

, entropy

, and free energy

is studied by employing the covariant density functional theory for closed-shell nuclei. Taking

Sm as an example, studies have shown that, unlike the widely-used exponential dependence

,

exhibits a non-monotonous behavior, i.e., first decreasing 20% approaching a temperature of

MeV, and then fading away exponentially. Shell corrections to both free energy

and entropy

can be approximated well using the Bohr-Mottelson forms

and

, respectively, in which

. Further studies on the shell corrections in other closed-shell nuclei,

Sn and

Pb, are conducted, and the same temperature dependencies are obtained.