bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor-β Up-Regulates IGF1R Expression and Activity to Inhibit Apoptosis and Increase Growth of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Cookman Clifford J. , Belcher Scott M.
Published: April 2015

Medulloblastoma (Med) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The role of ESR2 [estrogen receptor (ER)-β] in promoting Med growth was comprehensively examined in three in vivo models and human cell lines. In a novel Med ERβ-null knockout model developed by crossing Esr2−/− mice with cerebellar granule cell precursor specific Ptch1 conditional knockout mice, the tumor growth rate was significantly decreased in males and females. The absence of Esr2 resulted in increased apoptosis, decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) expression, and decreased levels of active MAPKs (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT). Treatment of Med in Ptch1+/−Trp53−/− mice with the antiestrogen chemotherapeutic drug Faslodex significantly increased symptom-free survival, which was associated with increased apoptosis and decreased BCL2 and IGF1R expression and signaling. Similar effects were also observed in nude mice bearing D283Med xenografts. In vitro studies in human D283Med cells metabolically stressed by glutamine withdrawal found that 17β-estradiol and the ERβ selective agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile dose dependently protected Med cells from caspase-3-dependent cell death. Those effects were associated with increased phosphorylation of IGF1R, long-term increases in ERK1/2 and AKT signaling, and increased expression of IGF-1, IGF1R, and BCL2. Results of pharmacological experiments revealed that the cytoprotective actions of estradiol were dependent on ERβ and IGF1R receptor tyrosine kinase activity and independent of ERα and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (G protein coupled receptor 30). The presented results demonstrate that estrogen promotes Med growth through ERβ-mediated increases in IGF1R expression and activity, which induce cytoprotective mechanisms that decrease apoptosis.
High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Plasma Aminotransferase Levels
Authors: Portillo-Sanchez Paola , Bril Fernando , Maximos Maryann , Lomonaco Romina , Biernacki Diane , Orsak Beverly , Subbarayan Sreevidya , Webb Amy , Hecht Joan , Cusi Kenneth
Published: April 2015

Context and Objective:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, they are usually believed to largely affect those with elevated aminotransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD by the gold standard, liver magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases, and to characterize their metabolic profile.

Participants and Methods:

We recruited 103 patients with T2DM and normal plasma aminotransferases (age, 60 ± 8 y; body mass index [BMI], 33 ± 5 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin [A1c], 7.6 ± 1.3%). We measured the following: 1) liver triglyceride content by 1H-MRS; 2) systemic insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance); and 3) adipose tissue insulin resistance, both fasting (as the adipose tissue insulin resistance index: fasting plasma free fatty acids [FFA] × insulin) and during an oral glucose tolerance test (as the suppression of FFA).

Results:

The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH were much higher than expected (50% and 56% of NAFLD patients, respectively). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in obese compared with nonobese patients as well as with increasing BMI (P = .001 for trend). Higher plasma A1c was associated with a greater prevalence of NAFLD and worse liver triglyceride accumulation (P = .01). Compared with nonobese patients without NAFLD, patients with NAFLD had severe systemic (liver/muscle) and, particularly, adipose tissue (fasting/postprandial) insulin resistance (all P < .01).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of NAFLD is much higher than previously believed in overweight/obese patients with T2DM and normal aminotransferases. Moreover, many are at increased risk of NASH. Physicians should have a lower threshold for screening patients with T2DM for NAFLD/NASH.
Sino-Spanish Relations in the Mediterranean: Evolution, Dimensions, Asymmetries, and Challenges
Authors: Páreja-Alcaraz Pablo
Published: April 2015

The past two decades have witnessed a significant intensification of the bilateral relations between Spain and China that, in spite of the economic and political significance for the former, has received little scholarly attention. This essay explores the evolution of this relationship and its main dimensions. In addition, the essay analyzes the asymmetries and challenges the relationship raises. It argues that the growing influence of Beijing in the Mediterranean is not happening at the expense of Spain or other Southern European countries—the Asian giant has been able to create its own space within the region. In addition, this trend should be perceived by Madrid, Rome, or Athens not as a threat to their traditional privileged positions but as an opportunity.
New Horizons in Greek-Chinese Relations: Prospects for the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Skordeli Marina
Published: April 2015

Since about 2005 relations between Greece and China have gained unprecedented momentum. At first glance, the timing and the reasons behind such a boost in bilateral relations between countries so distant and unequal in size are not entirely obvious. This essay examines how the strategic priorities of Greece and China met and describes the turning point that offered the opportunity. Emphasis is given to collaboration in the maritime sector, which is a strong asset of both countries. The essay also studies the strategic implications of such cooperation for the broader region of the eastern Mediterranean and the prospects it presents for Euro-Atlantic strategic priorities.
Chinese-Israeli Relations in a Middle Eastern Context: Retrospect and Prospects
Authors: Shichor Yitzhak
Published: April 2015

Although studies on China’s Middle East policy frequently separate Israel from the rest of the region, Beijing has always been aware of regional contradictions and tried to navigate between the two sides it perceived as interconnected. China’s attempts to adopt a balanced relationship with both sides in the 1950s were later replaced by a zero-sum game policy in which Israel was totally excluded. Since the 1980s Beijing has resurrected its balanced Middle East policy. While still sticking to nonintervention in regional conflicts, the Chinese implicitly offer their own experience of using economic means to overcome sociopolitical tensions.
Convergence to Stable Laws in the SpaceD
Authors: Roueff François , Soulier Philippe
Published: April 2015

We study the convergence of centered and normalized sums of independent and identically distributed random elements of the spaceDof càdlàg functions endowed with Skorokhod'sJ1topology, to stable distributions inD. Our results are based on the concept of regular variation on metric spaces and on point process convergence. We provide some applications; in particular, to the empirical process of the renewal-reward process.
Extreme Dispersions of Semicoherent and Mixed System Lifetimes
Authors: Miziuła Patryk , Rychlik Tomasz
Published: April 2015

We consider semicoherent and mixed systems with exchangeable components. We present sharp lower and upper bounds on various dispersion measures (in particular, variance and median absolute deviation) of the system lifetime, expressed in terms of the system signature and the dispersion of a single component lifetime. We construct joint exchangeable distributions of component lifetimes with two-point marginals which attain the bounds in the limit.
A Limit Theorem for a Weiss Epidemic Process
Authors: Kalinkin A. V. , Mastikhin A. V.
Published: April 2015

For a Markov two-dimensional death-process of a special class we consider the use of Fourier methods to obtain an exact solution of the Kolmogorov equations for the exponential (double) generating function of the transition probabilities. Using special functions, we obtain an integral representation for the generating function of the transition probabilities. We state the expression of the expectation and variance of the stochastic process and establish a limit theorem.
Disruption of amylase genes by RNA interference affects reproduction in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Huvet Arnaud , Béguel Jean-Philippe , Cavaleiro Nathalia Pereira , Thomas Yoann , Quillien Virgile , Boudry Pierre , Alunno-Bruscia Marianne , Fabioux Caroline
Published: April 2015

Feeding strategies and digestive capacities can have important implications for variation in energetic pathways associated with ecological and economically important traits, such as growth or reproduction in bivalve species. Here, we investigated the role of amylase in the digestive processes of Crassostrea gigas, using in vivo RNA interference. This approach also allowed us to investigate the relationship between energy intake by feeding and gametogenesis in oysters. Double-stranded RNA designed to target the two α-amylase genes A and B was injected in vivo into the visceral mass of oysters at two doses. These treatments caused significant reductions in mean mRNA levels of the amylase genes: −50.7 and −59% (mRNA A), and −71.9 and −70.6% (mRNA B) in 15 and 75 µg dsRNA-injected oysters, respectively, relative to controls. Interestingly, reproductive knock-down phenotypes were observed for both sexes at 48 days post injection, with a significant reduction of the gonad area (−22.5% relative to controls) and germ cell under-proliferation revealed by histology. In response to the higher dose of dsRNA, we also observed reductions in amylase activity (−53%) and absorption efficiency (−5%). Based on these data, dynamic energy budget modeling showed that the limitation of energy intake by feeding that was induced by injection of amylase dsRNA was clearly insufficient to affect gonadic development at the level observed in the present study. This finding suggests that other driving mechanisms, such as endogenous hormonal modulation, might significantly change energy allocation to reproduction, and increase the maintenance rate in oysters in response to dsRNA injection.
Effects of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene on rate of behavioural development, foraging performance and navigation in honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Chang Lun-Hsien , Barron Andrew B. , Cheng Ken
Published: April 2015

Worker honey bees change roles as they age as part of a hormonally regulated process of behavioural development that ends with a specialised foraging phase. The rate of behavioural development is highly plastic and responsive to changes in colony condition such that forager losses, disease or nutritional stresses accelerate behavioural development and cause an early onset of foraging in workers. It is not clear to what degree the behavioural development of workers can be accelerated without there being a cost in terms of reduced foraging performance. Here we compared the foraging performance of bees induced to accelerate their behavioural development by treatment with the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene, compared to controls that developed at a normal rate. Methoprene treatment accelerated both the onset of flight and foraging behaviour in workers, but it also reduced foraging span, the total time spent foraging and the number of completed foraging trips. Methoprene treatment did not alter performance in a short-range navigation task, however. These data indicate a limitation to the physiological plasticity of bees, and a trade off between forager performance and the speed at which bees begin foraging. Chronic stressors will be expected to reduce the mean age of the foraging force, and therefore also reduce the efficiency of the foraging force. This interaction may explain why honey bees colonies react to sustained stressors with non-linear population decline.
Memory block: A consequence of conflict resolution
Authors: Ito Etsuro , Yamagishi Miki , Hatakeyama Dai , Watanabe Takayuki , Fujito Yutaka , Dyakonova Varvara , Lukowiak Ken
Published: April 2015

In Lymnaea, experiments showed that one-day food deprivation before aversive classical conditioning results in optimal conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and long-term memory (LTM), whereas 5-day food deprivation before training did not. We hypothesized that snails do in fact learn and form LTM when trained after prolonged food deprivation, but that severe food deprivation blocks their ability to express memory. We trained 5-day food-deprived snails under various conditions, and found that memory was indeed formed but overwhelmed by severe food deprivation. Moreover, CTA-LTM was context-dependent and could be observed only when the snails were in a context similar to that in which the training occurred.
Students´ Self-Government in Higher Education Institution
Authors: Бельгибаева  , Belgibaeva G. , Михалькова  , Mikhalkova O.
Published: April 2015

Analysis of a problem related to formation and functioning

of student´s self-government in higher education institution has

been carried out in this paper. Have been presented: problem importance,

historical review related to emergence and prospect of

development of student´s self-government at the modern higher

school. In paper authors reveal signs, purposes, tasks, principles,

functions and subjects of students’ self-government in higher education

institution.
Higher School Pedagogy Problems at the Art Education Sphere Modernization Stage
Authors: Ульянова  , Ulyanova Nataliya
Published: April 2015

Current affairs of modern art education are considered in

this paper. Methodological approaches and possibilities for educational

process updating taking into account new pedagogical technologies,

and also educational process design with preservation of

national traditions are analyzed. The critical task of education, integration

of ethno and art culture into the contents and technology of expertdesigner

training in a higher educational institution is considered.

A problem related to formation of bases of the graphic competence

relying on experience related to art’s historical development, as well

as on academic education system preservation is discussed. Modern

society needs the expert capable to professional self-development. It

is this in a great measure trains a young man for life and work in the

modern fast-changing society. Certainly, the search of innovative

conceptual approaches providing the efficiency of educational programs

assimilation on the basis of national traditions is urgent. The training

of highly qualified personnel is possible on the basis of the science

latest developments by means of innovative pedagogical technologies,

when strengthening competitiveness, successful activity, need for

graduates in the labor market.
Poetry in Teaching English
Authors: Клещина  , Kleshchina Natalya
Published: April 2015

English poetry plays an important role in teaching English

as personal focused approach application method. This paper

considers the poetry value and poetry teaching purposes, such as

learner’s increase of cultural and intercultural awareness and pronunciation

skills. The poetry can be also used in teaching grammar,

lexis, reading and translation. In conclusion this work offers some

ways for effective use of poetry in teaching English.
Trigger factors and support mechanisms of arrhythmia аnd supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmias in non-pregnant and pregnant women
Authors: Зиновьева  , Zinoveva E. , Климова  , Klimova S. , Рахматуллов  , Rakhmatullov F. , Бурмистрова  , Burmistrova L.
Published: April 2015

The frequency of occurrence, trigger factors, supporting mechanisms of arrhythmia and paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmias in non-pregnant and pregnant women were studied. The study involved 26 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 29 years (25,8+2.2 years) and 30 pregnant women from 20 to 32 years (25,6+2,8) without complaint and without structural heart disease. Holter monitoring of ECG and transesophageal electrophysiological study of the heart were performed in all patients. It is revealed that there are arrythmia and paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia in pregnant women more often than in non-pregnant. Reducing the number of extrasystoles and paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurs 6 months after birth. It is established that in non-pregnant and pregnant women there are four types of curves atrio-ventricular conduction (AVC): continuous, intermittent, continuous with the phenomenon of the "gap", intermittent with the phenomenon of the "gap". The continuous curve type of AVC is detected in non-pregnant women, in pregnant women – intermittent, in women six months after childbirth - continuous. It is proved that the electrophysiologi-cal substrate curves atrio-ventricular conduction is retrograde functioning additional channel and longitudinal dissociation of atrio-ventricular connections on the fast and slow ways.
The physiological correlates of adaptive responses by l.h. Garkavi in adolescents and young people with overweight and mild hypertension
Authors: Казидаева  , Kazidaeva E.
Published: April 2015

Purpose of this research is to study the physiological correlates of adaptive reactions of the organism on leukocyte formula blood using the algorithm of L.H. Garkavi in young patients with mild arterial hypertension and overweight. Materials and methods. The study included the data of comprehensive survey of 56 young men (16-26 years, mean 18.6+/-0.6 years) with mild hypertension, with overweight and obesity (BMI from 25.0 to 34.8 kg/m²). In addition to laboratory studies, multifunctional monitoring of ECG+AD (Incart, SPb) in outpa-tients was carried out for all young men. Results. There are all types of adaptive reaction in the studied group, excepting a “stress reaction”. 8 ado-lescents (14,3%) had a leukocyte distribution corresponding to a “training reaction”, 39,3% young men demon-strated a “reaction of quiet activation”, 25,0% – a “reaction of increased activation” and 21,4% of adolescents had an “over activation”. Average diastolic blood pressure in the “quiet activation” and “over activation” groups a night was higher (62,4±1,8 mm Hg, t=2,0; df=17, P=0,04 and 63,3±2,2 mm Hg, t=2,1; df=15, P=0,04) than in the “training” group (57,3±1,4 mm Hg). Night diastolic blood pressure decline in “training”, “quiet activation” and “increased activation” groups was 22,8%, 20,3% и 21,0% to be due to a tendency to excessive night decrease of diastolic blood pressure («over-dippers»).Young men with reaction of the increased activation had lower spectral power of very low, low and high frequency band in the day-time than in the “training” group. Significant correlations were obtained between systolic blood pressure value a day and night, spectral analysis of heart rate variability results and white blood parameters. Conclusion. The revealed physiological correlates allow to recommend the method of adap-tive reactions by L.H. Garkavi to assess the functional capacity of young people with mild hypertension and overweight.
Recovery non-drug therapy in treatment of diabetic fabularis syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Аль-Замиль  , Al-Zamil M. , Божко  , Bozhko S. , Кудаева  , Kudaeva L. , Миненко  , Minenko I.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this work was to study clinical efficiency of the periosteal corticosteroid injections, a monophasic high-frequency low-amplitude electrical neuro-stimulation, a monophasic low-frequency high-amplitude electrical neuro-stimulation and the acupuncture in the treatment of fibularis syndrome (FS) in pa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). Materials and methods. From 2004 to 2014, 183 patients (121 women and 62 men) with a diagnosis of FS suffering from DM-2 in the stage of compensation were under medical supervision. All patients (27 people – control group) had a pharmacotherapy for treatment FS and DM-2. 78 patients had additionally a course periosteal corticosteroid injections (the 1-st group), 25 patients had a course monophasic high-frequency low-amplitude electrical neuro-stimulation (the 2-nd group), 29 people – a course monophasic high-frequency low-amplitude electrical neuro-stimulation; 24 patients – a course of acupuncture (the 4-th group). Pain, neurological status and electromyographic state peroneal nerves were studied before and after treatment. Conclusion. Periosteal corticosteroid injections in combination with TF are the most effective method in the treatment of FS in patients with DM-2. The reduction in pain, regression of the inflammatory process in the peroneal nerve and reducing the severity EMG violations were noted. The second highest decrease of pain syn-drome is the combination of the TF MVN the TENS, motor deficit and EMG - violations in the background of this treatment weren’t significantly changed. The use of the TENS in combination with TF and RTIs in combina-tion with TF reveals a reduction in pain, motor deficits and the severity of the inflammatory process in the pero-neal nerve, without significant changes of the EMG.
The phenomenon of co-dependency: the medico-psycho-social aspect
Authors: Башманов  , Bashmanov V. , Калиниченко  , Kalinichenko O.
Published: April 2015

This article describes approaches to the definition of "co-dependence" in domestic and foreign literature. The authors analyzed the characteristics and specificity of the definition of this phenomenon from the point of view of medicine, psychology and sociology. Considerable attention is given to clarifying the characteristics of the analyzed forms of addiction, the causes and mechanisms of its formation. The need to share methods of medico-psycho-social analysis in the process of interpretation of the nature, stages and peculiarities of the ma-nifestation of co-dependency have been identified and justified.
The psycho-somato-vegetative mutual relations
Authors: Митюшкина  , Mityushkina O. , Сафоничева  , Safonicheva O. , Троицкий  , Troitskiy M. , Дронова  , Dronova Evgeniya
Published: April 2015

The review describes the history of the study of mental processes, the significance of the development of neuro-anatomy and pathology, neurology and psychiatry, as well as the opposition organic and functional representations in psychosomatics. The authors define the role of body-oriented bio-energy therapy, emotions, sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in the neuroses and psychoses. It is established the place of osteopa-thy, chiropractics in the correction of the musculoskeletal system disorders. The authors emphasize the impor-tance of psychosomatic approaches in holistic medicine and identify the significance of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision in the systematization of neurotic disorders, borderline conditions. The review shows the role of emotions, emotional reactions on the autonomic-endocrine basis in causing stress.
Physiotherapeutic methods in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with essential arterial hypertension on the background of the menopausal syndrome (short review)
Authors: Белоусова  , Belousova T. , Белоусова  , Belousova A.
Published: April 2015

The essential arterial hypertension is one of the most common non-infectious diseases and one of leading reasons to deaths in the world. So, the implementation of modern physiotherapeutic technologies in the long-term treatment of women with essential hypertension on the background of the climacteric syndrome is relevant. These technologies allow to optimize and to prolong the effects of basic drug therapy. To estimate medical efficiency of rehabilitation complex the authors used the data of objective somatic study, the psycho-diagnostics, the studies of vegetative and hormone status, REG, ECG and ECG-monitoring by Halter. The re-sults of this research prove a high clinical efficiency of the using physiotherapeutic methods of a multi-relaxation and a spectral phototherapy (total efficiency is 87 and 89%, respectively).
Methods of reflex effects in complex therapy of patients with pain syndrome at the initial manifestations of deforming osteoarthritis of the joints of the lower extremities (short review)
Authors: Самойлова  , Samoylova N. , Загорулько  , Zagorulko O.
Published: April 2015

The article presents the results of the use of methods of reflex effects in the complex therapy of patients with pain syndrome at the initial manifestations of osteoarthrosis of the joints of the lower extremities.
Reflex therapy of venous hyperemia in adolescents with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Медведева  , Medvedeva L. , Щербакова  , Shcherbakova N. , Загорулько  , Zagorulko O. , Дутикова  , Dutikova E.
Published: April 2015

This study presents the features of connective tissue dysplasia. The authors showed the importance of changes in blood flow and angiogenic changes in children and adolescents, defined the role of the muscular-tonic and myofascial disorders. The purpose of this workwas to determine a place of reflex therapy in the complex of the-rapeutic measures. Duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic vessels, magnetic resonance imaging in mode of angio-graphy, Doppler jugular and vertebral veins by means of equipment expert level were carried out 38 patients. The authors evaluated the results of reflex therapy and combined therapy. Subjective improvement of symptoms was revealed by the results of the questionnaires, it was also noted normalization parameters of the venous outflow, reducing the diameter of the vertebral veins. In the patients of the experimental group - the pain and musculo-tonic stress disappeared. The authors made recommendations for observing this group of patients.
Correlations of severity of periodontitis and carbohydrate-lipid spectra of blood in the early stages of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Агасаров  , Agasarov L. , Петрухина  , Petrukhina N. , Шилов  , Shilov A. , Зорина  , Zorina O.
Published: April 2015

The article presents a retrospective analysis of 1000 medical records of patients suffering from CGP varying of different degree of severity, which were divided into two subgroups: BMI≥25 kg\m2 (572 patients), and BMI<25 kg\m2 (428 patients). A retrospective analysis has demenstrated a direct correlation of severity and frequency of the combination of CGP somatic disease (CVD, type 2 diabetes, diseases of the lungs and HKT ) in patients with a BMI≥25 kg/m2. The authors also presented a correlation analysis of the relationship of gravity CGP with biochemical status in 73 patients with CGP and BMI≥25 kg\m2, which conducted the study lipid - carbohydrate spectra of blood, activity state of systemic inflammation and oxidative status, the biomass of the bacterial flora of the mouth and intestines before and after treatment with the added attraction of probiotics (Simbiolakt comp.) and antioxidants (Ubiquinone comp.). The revealed high direct correlations bleeding index and severity of CGP (rIK - StHGP=0.89), BMI and bleeding index (rIMT - IR=0.79), atherogenic plasma (IA) and CGP (rIK -NA=0.72), pro-inflammatory status and BMI (rIMT - MDA=0.87) allowed the authors to conclude - CGP varying severity is independent risk factor for CVD in patients with a BMI≥25 kg\m2.
Clinical, laboratory and instrumental characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with "ground glass opacity" computed tomographic symptom of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Бестаев  , Bestaev D. , Божьева  , Bozheva L.
Published: April 2015

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory rheumatic disease with unknown etiology characterized by symmetric, chronic and erosive arthritis (synovitis) of the peripheral joints and systemic inflammatory involvement of the viscera. Lung pathology, including interstitial lung disease, is one of the common extra-articular manifestations at the гheumatoid arthritis. The leading diagnosis method of interstitial lung disease is a computed tomography high resolution, which allows to identifying interstitial lung changes in 70% of the cases. The study of prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease has been the subject of several studies in the past decade. In most studies it was stated that the average life expectancy from diagnosis is around 3 years. This work is devoted to study of interstitial lung disease as one of the most frequent extra-articular ma-nifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. The authors defined the significance of computed tomography high resolu-tion for the diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial lung changes at rheumatoid arthritis. They give comparative clini-cal and immunological, instrumental characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease and without it. The role of smoking and positivity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) according to antibodies are determined as risk factors of interstitial lung disease development in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The interrelation of the X-ray tomography symptom of interstitial lung disease "ground glass opacity" with the activity and duration of rheumatoid arthritis is revealed. "Ground glass opacity" symptom is associated with high index of DAS28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease.
The human fatigue under static and dynamic physical activity And adaptation mechanisms
Authors: Зилов  , Zilov V. , Еськов  , Eskov V. , Борисова  , Borisova O. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Фудин  , Fudin N. , Козлова  , Kozlova V.
Published: April 2015

This review focuses on spinal and central mechanisms of fatigue associated with the implementation of adaptation programs. The morpho-functional correlations of the moto-neurons activity of the spinal cord, the activities of the functional systems of the human body, neurotransmitter systems, serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the mechanisms of fatigue were considered. The phases of the process of adaptation to physical loads as well as cumulative training effect were identified. The authors have identified and described the participation of the autonomic nervous system, glucocorticoids and other hormones and mediators in long-term adaptation to physical loads, in the transition from carbohydrate to fat type of energy metabolism. The stages of disadaptation and re-adaptation to physical activities (a manifestation of stress, rate adaptation, cybernetic principles of homeostasis) have been identified and described. The two-circuit system homeostasis: the autonomic (controlling) and myocardial-hemodynamic (controlled) was demonstrated and an hierarchy of control has been defined.
The patho-physiological features of psychosomatic status in the survivors the stress associated with the service activity
Authors: Миронов  , Mironov S. , Артифексов  , Artifeksov S.
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to studying the etiology and pathogenesis of psycho-somatic status in the persons of dangerous professions, who survived the stress associated with activity. This paper presents the information about vegetative changes, diseases of psycho-somatic character, observed psychological changes, family and sexual disharmonies and dysfunctions in these patients. The study reveals pathogenetic relation of changes in the integral health indicators (Index of Functional Measurements and Biological Age) with psycho-somatic changes in the dynamics post-stress disorders; this gives the possibility of their most effective use in the diagnostic process. It is established the pathogenetic relation between adaptation disorders with family and sex-ual disharmonies and dysfunctions, indicating highly quantitative estimates of these parameters to identify the severity of the disorders of psycho-somatic status. This article covers the aspects of the etiology of disorders of psycho-somatic relations in the dynamics of violations adaptation in the survivors of the stress associated with the service activity. The results of the study provide a simple and effective assessment of the patho-physiological features of psycho-somatic status by means of the integral indicators and analysis of family and sexual disharmonies.
Importance of microbiofilms in infection pathology of human (review)
Authors: Гладких  , Gladkikh P.
Published: April 2015

This article deals with biofilms – a special form of existence of bacteria. We consider the stage of formation of biofilm, regulatory processes ("quorum sensing") occurring in biofilms. By the "effect of quorum" is a transfer of information in the following ways: contact between the cells of microorganisms, the synthesis of diffusing in the medium pheromone-like agents generating bacteria physical (and other electromagnetic) fields. According to the literature, well established role of biofilms at least 60% of all chronic or recurrent infections. Established, that the formation of biofilms clinically significant strains occur on endoprothesis catheters coated medical instruments, ventilators and other medical supplies. There is evidence that the results of experiments according to the most resistant biofilm in a medium capable of forming a gastric strain Helicobacter pylori TK 1402. Also discusses the role of microbial biofilm formation in acute and chronic infections of the ENT - organs. In addition, the results of experiments designed to combat the formation of biofilms.
Logic and psychology teaching in the high professional medical education system: analysis of the state standard
Authors: Сивакова  , Sivakova O.
Published: April 2015

Background. Currently because of the high speed of the information refreshment teaching general non-specific knowledge and skills, including logical and psychological actions, gets greater value in the system of high pro-fessional medical education. Methods. The article contains data of the analysis of the Federal state education standard of the high professional education in the field “General medicine”. Results. As a result of the analysis it was revealed that there is no subject “Logic” in the specialist training program by this standard. Teaching of the logic actions isn’t provided by the course of mathematics or other disciplines. Subject “Psychology” accounts only for 0,4% of the general academic load. Taking into considera-tion change-over to biopsychosocial model of the doctor-patient interaction it is necessary to study the problem of increasing the time for the subject “Psychohlogy” learning in the standard “General medicine”. Conclusion. Taking into consideration large quantity of the competences, which realization demands the use of logical actions, it is rational to make scientific research and consideration of the question of including the course “Logic” in the basic educational program for specialists in the field of general medicine. There is a need for the special researches for the finding the optimal percentage of the academic load of the subject “Psycholo-gy” in the general academic load of the standard in the field “General medicine”.
Improving medical-diagnostic actions of the flu during pregnancy
Authors: Шатунова  , Shatunova E. , Калиматова  , Kalimatova D. , Лимарева  , Limareva L.
Published: April 2015

Surveyed 202 pregnant women with a diagnosis of influenza medium (n=154) and severe (n=48) severity. An algorithm for management of pregnant women with influenza, which is monitoring the level of markers of endothelial dysfunction; it is shown that its use in clinical practice can reduce the frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth and to improve perinatal outcomes. The results were statistically evaluate the relationship between indicators of pregnancy and childbirth, and the dynamics of the concentrations of markers of endothelial dysfunction has revealed the presence of stable relationships indicators (statistically significant correlation coefficients Spearman moderate strength). In particular, it is shown that the vascular endothelial factor concentration is negatively associated with the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, anemia and threatened premature delivery, polyhydramnios. The results of the study, indicating the high prognostic value of the levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction, allow us to propose the inclusion of estimates of these parameters in the algorithm of management of pregnant women with influenza for the timely appointment of preventive and diagnostic and treatment activities in order to reduce the frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth and improve perinatal outcomes. The obtained results allow to conclude that pregnant women with symptoms of ARI (influenza) shows the definition of the levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction, a survey is recommended during the first indications of the disease. It is reasonable assessment of markers of endothelial dysfunction in this category pregnant in the dynamics after 1-2 months after acute respiratory illness.
The Philosophy, Theory & Methods of J. L. Moreno: The Man Who Tried to Become God. By John Nolte, PhD. Routledge, 2014.
Authors: Blatner Adam
Published: April 2015

The Philosophy, Theory & Methods of J. L. Moreno: The Man Who Tried to Become God. By John Nolte, PhD. Routledge, 2014.
Psychodrama of the Survivorship
Authors: Cherepanov Elena
Published: April 2015

Psychodramatic meta-systemic conceptualization offers a holistic view of complex life phenomena such as trauma and survivorship, which have been otherwise traditionally compartmentalized by different disciplines. The author argues that collective survival experience is preserved, communicated, and passed down through generations in the form of familial or cultural messages containing both empirical knowledge and magical thinking components. Indiscriminative following of survival messages outside of its original historical context may, contrary to initial intent, contribute to transgenerational vulnerabilities. Cultural trauma, such as a totalitarian regime, turns the “survivorship wisdom” into a cultural artifact reflected in collective psyche as art and literature. Superstition is also a type of ancient survival messages with prevalent magical thinking. A survival genogram allows for deconstructing messages, processing the “wisdom of the elderly,” and negotiating its informed adoption by unveiling chronological layers of the message's meaning.
The Caring Observer: Creating Self-Compassion through Psychodrama
Authors: Lawrence Connie
Published: April 2015

A growing body of research indicates that self-compassion and self-esteem contribute to overall optimism and hopefulness. Self-compassion is a more stable and enduring trait in positive mood states, openness, and resilience and is a stronger healing agent for depression, anxiety, self-loathing, and self-injurious behaviors. The Caring Observer is a role created through psychodrama to evoke a warm embrace of the self, the ability to hold one's self in kindness through suffering, and the sense of feeling connected to humanity rather than isolated and ashamed—all traits of self-compassion.
Three Cyclical Models Which Enhance Interpersonal Connection. By Ann E. Hale. Self-Published, 2012.
Authors: Schaum Anna
Published: April 2015

Three Cyclical Models Which Enhance Interpersonal Connection. By Ann E. Hale. Self-Published, 2012.
Summarising categorical variables
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: April 2015

This regular series of articles will tell you about Statistics, what it is, the key concepts and approaches, statistical tests and how to choose them, and how to write up your findings. In each issue of the journal, we will focus on a different topic, see how it was applied in relevant papers, and gradually build up your understanding of this important subject.
Development of a framework to prepare midwives for relief work in West Africa
Authors: Fred Marie Elise , Kernohan W George
Published: April 2015

Background/Aims:

Midwives who volunteer as aid workers overseas need to be equipped with knowledge of the local culture and customs prior to their deployment. However, this information is not always easily accessible. The aim of this study was to address the need for knowledge prior to departure by interviewing expatriate workers about their experiences of living and working in Liberia, to develop a framework to guide the structure of future guideline development.

Methods:

In this qualitative study, eight expatriate nurses and midwives working with humanitarian organisations were interviewed; transcripts were subject to thematic content analysis. It was possible to confirm the findings through personal experiences of a 7-week placement as a midwife.

Results/Conclusions:

The findings suggest that information is required to support intrinsic, extrinsic and practical aspects of working as a midwife in humanitarian response situations. This tripartite structure can be used to inform preparation more effectively.
International research roundup
Authors: Richens Yana
Published: April 2015

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles from around the world that may be of interest to midwives is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Holistic assessment of anterior resection syndrome
Authors: Macmillan Claire Taylor , Bradshaw Elissa
Published: April 2015

Anterior resection syndrome is a term used to describe an alteration in bowel function after anterior resection surgery. The syndrome affects at least 50% of those treated with sphincter-saving resection surgery for rectal cancer. It covers several bowel symptoms, including frequency, urgency, incontinence, and fragmentation of stools, often experienced together to varying degrees. This article aims to highlight the importance of assessing bowel symptoms in patients recovering from rectal cancer surgery. A detailed assessment of a patient's bowel symptoms with a review of how each is affecting them is recommended. Standardised bowel assessment tools are available to provide objectivity and allow a more reliable measurement of change over time. However, these may overlook what the symptoms really mean for an individual and the effect they have on a daily basis. The diagnostic and treatment experience can affect not only the patient's physical health but also emotional and psychological wellbeing. It is thus recommended that symptom assessment is incorporated into a wider appraisal of holistic care needs.
Developing enterostomal therapy as a nursing specialty in Saudi Arabia: which model fits best?
Authors: Hibbert Denise , Al-Dossari Rehab R
Published: April 2015

Nurse training programmes commenced in Saudi Arabia in the late 1950s, around the time of the birth of enterostomal therapy internationally. Although stoma care emerged as the first nursing specialty in the late 1980s, in Saudi Arabia, the first nurses graduated as enterostomal therapists only in 2010. Since the 1970s, western nurse executives have influenced models of care in Saudi hospitals. Both North American and British models are evident today, including enterostomal therapy models, such as wound, ostomy, and continence nursing and stoma therapy nursing. In order to meet the needs of these vulnerable patient populations, it may be necessary to standardise a model of education in Saudi Arabia. This article is an overview of enterostomal therapy in Saudi Arabia and provides insight into some of the challenges encountered.
Seed and Cone Production Patterns from Seventy-Nine Provenances of Pinus halepensis Mill. Across Tunisia Forests
Authors: Ayari Bdelaziz , Salah Garchi , Daniel Moya
Published: April 2015

Pinus halepensis Mill. is an important tree species in the Mediterranean Basin. In Tunisia, there is an increasing interest in its seed production due to their impact on the socio-economical life of the Tunisian population, forest regeneration (seedling production) and biodiversity maintenance. Adaptative strategies were developed to fire recurrence by early cone production and seed storage in the serotinuous cones. Tunisia's native forests were investigated to examine the impact of four bioclimatic zones on Aleppo pine cone and seed production. Stand characteristics and average tree size measurements were studied with simple and multiple regression analyses for explaining their influences in seed and cone production and characteristics. Results showed a positive relationship between the accumulated rainfall and the geographical variables to the number of cones and its seeds content. Density had a strong adverse effect on the average tree's cone crop and seed yield. The cone production and the total seed mass were positively correlated with tree dimensions, but diameter at breast height and crown height were the most explanatory variables. Several environmental factors substantially increased the production of cones and seeds. The results could help foresters to decide better locations of cone and seed production according to density in Aleppo pine forests.
A review of the subfamily Poemeniinae Narayanan & Lal, 1953 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Carpathians
Authors: Varga Oleksandr
Published: April 2015

The species of the subfamily Poemeniinae Narayanan & Lal, 1953 of the Carpathians are reviewed. Neoxorides varipes (Holmgren, 1860), Poemenia collaris (Haupt, 1917), P. notata Holmgren, 1859, and the genus Pseudorhyssa Merrill, 1915 with two species, P. alpestris (Holmgren, 1860) and P. nigricornis (Ratzeburg, 1852), are recorded in the Ukrainian fauna for the first time. Diagnostic features and illustrations of species are provided. Seasonal dynamics and high-altitude zone distribution of Poemeniinae species in the Ukrainian part of Carpathians are discussed.
How can adopting the materials and environment of the studio engage Art & Design students more deeply with research and writing? An investigation into the Reframing Research technique
Authors: Reeve Julia
Published: April 2015

This article puts forward the learning and teaching benefits of placing theory for Art & Design students within the realm of the studio, focusing on a particular technique, Reframing Research, developed by the author. The ways in which this method can both engage students with the research process and deepen their understanding of context are identified. Primary research from student workshops and reflection on the author’s practice are used to support the discussion.