bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination Of Evolutionary History Of Big Bluestem Populations Through Chloroplast DNA Analysis
Authors:   , Tamang Tej
Published: February 2023

Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem) is one of the most dominant and widely distributed grasses of the North American prairie. It is widely used in restoration projects for the recovery of grassland ecosystems. A. gerardii demonstrates genetic and adaptive variation among populations across the prairie. With the objective to understand the evolutionary relationship between the A. gerardii populations, two noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) spacers (rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnQ(UUG)-rps16) were studied. Similarly, genetic differentiation among the populations was also calculated based on the spacers. The trnQ(UUG)-rps16 spacer had more polymorphic sites than the rpl32-trnL(UAG) spacer. A phylogenetic tree based on combined cpDNA spacers generated a monophyletic tree for A. gerardii with a Colorado population and sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii) as the outgroups. The monophyletic tree was further resolved into two sub-clades. Most of the branches and nodes were well supported, with more than 70% of posterior probability values. However, the grouping of populations did not support the resolution of the phylogenetic tree with geological distribution. Analysis of molecular variance suggests there is a low level of genetic differentiation among the populations, with 90% of variation within the populations and 10% of variation among the populations. The observed high genetic variation within populations could be the result of potential gene flow, polyploidy, and the outcrossing nature of big bluestem.
Observations of Objectively Quantifiable Collateral Behavior of Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus) Produced on a Differential Reinforcement of Low Response Rates Schedule
Authors:   , Whiteside Gerald
Published: February 2023

Four thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) were trained on a DRL 20-sec schedule and given the opportunity to emit a mediating behavior (i.e., running in an activity wheel or manipulating a cork ball attached to a switch). All of the subjects used the manipulanda provided, allowing quantification of the mediating behavior. Results indicated that the number of mediating responses were correlated with the length of interresponse time (IRT) for all animals, and that similarities in the two mediating response data were present. These results are consistent with the theory that mediating behavior facilitates performance on a differential reinforcement of low response rates (DRL) schedule.
A Review of Textbook Literature On Schizophrenia
Authors:   , Hawks Don
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to discover the desirable procedures for administering the work experience phase of the practical arts program in selected Kansas high schools. In investigating this problem, it seems desirable to obtain opinions from a panel of experts concerning the needs and objectives of work experience. In addition, it appeared essential that a careful study be made of the existing Kansas high schools containing work experience programs. Finally, by analyzing the reports of current practices and by comparing these practices with the recommendations of specialists in the field, a synthesis should be achieved.
A Study of Pell's Equation
Authors:   , Lewis William
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for finding values of N for which the equation x[squared] - DY[squared] = N will have integral solution in terms of X and Y for a given value of D which is a natural number, not a perfect square. It is shown that values of N are determined by the particular form of D. Results are summarized in the following list where c and k are natural numbers and the various forms of D are paired with the corresponding values of N. [See manuscript for list]
The Reliability of John Ruskin's Praeterita as a Sound Basis for Biographers
Authors:   , Thomas Vera
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the reliability of Praeterita as a sound basis for biographers is the purpose of this investigation. The method of research employed was to examine Praeterita, study other available evidence concerning the period of Ruskin's life covered in the autobiography, then to compare the evidence accumulated with Ruskin's own account. Three principal influences in Ruskin's life were investigated: his relationship with his parents, his marriage to Euphemia Gray, and his infatuation for Rosa La Touche.
The Kennedy Effect: John F. Kennedy's 1959 Trip to Kansas and Its Relationship to His National Campaign
Authors:   , Gonzales Randy
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT\r Massachusetts senator and presidential hopeful John F. Kennedy visited Kansas in November 1959 as part of his strategy to win the Democratic Party nomination. Kennedy made stops in five cities in two days, meeting party officials and wooing potential delegates. The candidate first spoke in Kansas City and Wichita on November 19 before flying to Dodge City November 20 after another appearance in Wichita that morning. After a noon luncheon in Dodge City Kennedy made a speech in Salina before his stop in Hays. In Hays, Kennedy gave a television interview, met the press at a news conference, rode in a parade and spoke at a fundraiser.\r This thesis examines the “Kennedy effect,” of how Kennedy’s stop in Kansas fit into the electoral picture in Ellis County, the state and nationally. It also highlights how what Kennedy did in his 1959 run for the presidency followed his same strategy in winning his senate seat. Kennedy’s actions repeated what he did in other states; the candidate knew he had to meet voters in person across the country. As was the case in previous campaigns, Kennedy collected contact lists during his Kansas visit to add to the voluminous file kept by his advisors.\r This thesis analyzes the events of the Kansas trip, focusing on the Hays appearance. It confirms the work of previous historians who described Kennedy’s path to victory in the 1960 election and adds to the historical narrative by providing in intimate detail the events of one stop on one campaign swing. While other historians discuss the national strategy and events, this thesis describes what a day in the life was like for candidate John F. Kennedy.
Behavior and Some Vegetative and Edaphic Influences of Steers Grazing Under Intensive Early and Season Long Stocking
Authors:   , Lugenja Maynard
Published: February 2023

Behavior and some vegetative and edaphic influences of steers grazing under intensive early (IES) and season long stocking (SLS) was investigated in 1961 on two adjacent paddocks with yearling steers at the Fort Hays Branch Experiment Station, Hays, KS. Grazing under SLS occurred from 15 April to 15 Sept. at 1.5 steers/hectare (ha) and under IES from 15 April to 1 July at 4 .5 steers/ha. Observations were made simultaneously at 15 minute intervals for the two treatments from 05:30 to 21:45 during daylight and to 05:00 during 24 hr. period. The number of steers grazing, standing, lying, walking, and in other activities were recorded. Early in the season steers under SLS spent 8, 11, and 5; 8, 4, and 4 hours grazing, lying and in other activities in 24 hr. and daylight periods, respectively. Those under I ES spent 7, 11, and 7; 8, 4, and 4 hours grazing, lying and in other activities in 24 hr. and daylight periods, respectively. Over the season steers averaged 9, 4, and 4; 9, 11, and 4 hours grazing, lying and in other activities, during daylight and 24 hr. periods, respectively. Steers under SLS travelled 4 km/day early in the season in contrast to 5 km/day covered under IES. In July SLS had 42% higher density of forbs and 100 kg/ha more standing crop than IES. By September, IES had a higher density of forbs than under SLS and a standing crop that was about 250 kg/ha more than that under SLS. The bJ.lk density of the top 25 mm of soil under SLS was 10% more compacted than that under IES. Removal of animals under IES for the second half of the growing season enhanced both forbs and standing crop residue to a level equal or greater than SLS.
Transformations of Selected Regions of the Z-Plane
Authors:   , Bahm Eldean
Published: February 2023

The concept of mapping, or transformation of points is very important in the general theory of functions of a complex variable. In this paper transformations will be used to set up correspondences between regions of two complex planes, the z-plane and the w-plane. “Any given correspondence will be unique or one-to-one between points in the two regions if there is just one point in the transformed region corresponding to a given point in the original region and conversely [11, p. 67]” Care must be exercised in the use of the term “mapping” as it is justifiable only when there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two regions. Most books on complex variables include only a short section or a chapter on mapping. The purpose of this paper is to present to the reader a more complete picture of various transformations through illustrated mappings. This will be accomplished through a study of the behavior of certain regions under a few simple transformations. Only specific regions will be considered as the general cases become complicated and are beyond the scope of this paper. The regions will be limited to rectangles, triangles, semi-infinite and infinite strips, and the unit circle. The transformations w = ez, w = sin z, w = cos z, w = sinh z 9 and w = cosh z will be considered. The last three of these transformations will be studied in Chapter V by using the idea of successive transformations. Such graphic terms as translation, rotation, and expansion will be used.
Biostratigraphy of Mosasauridae (Squamata, Varanoidea) from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of Western Kansas
Authors:   , Schumacher Bruce
Published: February 2023

The remains of the mosasaur genera Clidastes, Platecarpus, Tylosaurus, and Ectenosaurus are found in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation (upper cretaceous) of western Kansas. Some taxa are found only in limited horizons, whereas others appear to occur at all levels. Ectenosaurus clidastoides is a very rare mosasaur, and its occurrence has been documented only from near the middle of the Smoky Hill Member. Platecarpus seems to be the most common genus, although Tylosaurus is at least as cornmon in the lower horizons. Clidastes seems to be nearly absent in the lower horizons, and becomes relatively more common in the chalk's uppermost levels. Clidastes liodontus is known to occur lower in the chalk than Clidastes propython. Clidastes propython occurs in the chalk's uppermost levels. Platecarpus tympaniticus occurs at all levels in the chalk, while Platecarpus planifrons seems to be limited to the lower horizons. Tylosaurus consists of three taxa: Tylosaurus nepaeolicus and an undescribed tylosaur(s) which occur in the lower chalk and Tylosaurus proriger which is found in the upper chalk. Shifts in generic abundance through the stratigraphic column may be due to changing environmental conditions. The relatively abrupt morphologic changes in some mosasaurs at various levels in the Smoky Hill Member is thought to be the result of evolution. If this interpretation is valid, the varying number of species per genus might be evidence of differing evolutionary rates in closely related genera.
The Effects of Arousal and Inhibition on Joke Rating
Authors:   , Tarasi August
Published: February 2023

On the basis of the studies conducted by Clark, (1952), and Martin, (1964), it has been demonstrated that sexual arousal and inhibition could be produced experimentally. The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the effects of sexual arousal and inhibition on the ratings of jokes. The study was conducted to add to the general body of scientific knowledge and at the same time add additional data for the purpose of standardization on Form B of the IPAT Humor Test. There were 64 single, male, undergraduate, volunteer students from General Psychology I discussion groups used as subjects for the experiment. The mean age was 18.7. Subjects in the study were randomly assigned to one of four experimental treatment groups: Permissive Arousal (PA), Inhibited Arousal (IA), Permissive Neutral (PN) or Inhibited Neutral (IN). The procedure used was to have subjects come in and individually be administered Form A or Form B of the IPAT. They were then instructed to return the following week for completion of the study. Upon their return, the following week, the subjects were asked if they would take a few minutes to participate in an additional study, unrelated to the one they had been participating in; all subjects agreed and at this point the experimental treatment was administered. One half of the subjects were then treated in a permissive or relaxed manner and were perm1tted to engage in a friendly discussion over familiar subjects. Inhibition was produced in the other half of the subjects by treat1ng them in a formal manner and causing them to reflect on parental attitudes. One half of each of these groups was then assigned to either a high or low arousal condition. High arousal treatment consisted of viewing and rating slides of attractive nude females while low arousal consisted of rating neutral slides of landscapes, architecture, or abstracts. The results indicate that both the arousal and inhibition treatment were effective. This was reflected in the differences as to the number of slides viewed and significance on the basis of an analysis of variance. The effect of the treatments was not, however, reflected in the IPAT test scores. The reason for this is probably best explained in terms of heterogeneity of subjects as to level sex drive in the groups. For example, the permissive arousal group appears to have been heavily populated with subjects having low sex drive as measured by the Epstein, (1957), Orgasm Scale. A significant result was found on Factor IV of the IPAT which reflected a general overall change in attitude toward the playfulness and away from gruesomeness. This was interpreted in terms of what may be called rapport or the subjects’ familiarity with the test situation. Finally, no significant difference was found between the two forms of the IPAT. For this reason, on the basis of this study, the forms probably can be considered as equivalent in future research.
The Relationship Between Combinations of Spouse Personality Characteristics and Marital Adjustment
Authors:   , Eilert Stephanie
Published: February 2023

A number of researchers have suggested that marital adjustment is related to personality characteristics of spouse (Terman, 1938; Burgess & Wallin, 1953; Eysenck & Wakefield, 1981; Kim, Martin, & Martin, 1989; Cattell & Nesselroade, 1967). A portion of the literature suggests that similarity of spouse personality is related to marital adjustment. The current study used the domain and facet scales of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) to further examine this concept. Subjects included 105 married couple selected form students at Fort hays State University and volunteers from rural communities in the Midwest. Independent variables in this study were the difference between spouses’ NEO-PI-R scores. The dependent variables were the DAS scores. It was hypothesized in this study that spouse similarity on the Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains of the NEO-PI-R is related to marital adjustment. Similarity effects were found between Neuroticism and overall marital adjustment for females and the average of the couple; however, Neuroticism was not found to be related to overall marital adjustment for males. A similarity effect was also found between Agreeableness and overall marital adjustment for males, but not for females or the average of the couple. Similarity of spouses’ Conscientiousness scores was found to be related to overall marital adjustment for males, females and the average of the couple. However, the hypothesis that similarity of spouses Openness scores would be related to overall marital adjustment was not supported for males, females, or the average of the couple. Additionally, a number of significant relationships were found between the NEO-PI-R facets and overall marital adjustment, as well as NEO-PI-R domains and facets and DAS subscales. Explanations for some of these relationships were discussed.
The Autonomy of Line
Authors:   , Euler Delores
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze the expressiveness of line made meaningful in its relationship to the entirety of the statement. Subject matter was considered vital and was portrayed as clearly as was within the intrinsic abilities of the artist. The media used were pencil, drypoint, chalk, charcoal, brush, and pen and ink.
Solzhenitsyn and Soviet Totalitarianism
Authors:   , Dagg Caleb
Published: February 2023

A humanitarian ethic is an outstanding part of Solzhenitsyn’s character. This is evident in his correspondence as well as in his literary works. This ethic has undoubtedly been sharpened and appears to have become increasingly militant as repressive measures continue in the Soviet Union against his works.
The Stratigraphy and Mammalian Paleontology of the Wasatch Formation (Eocene), Fossil Butte National Monument, Lincoln County, Wyoming
Authors:   , Podorsky Robert
Published: February 2023

The National Park Service conducted a study of the Fossil Butte area and decided that its scientific value and importance was sufficient to propose that the area be included in the National Park System both for public use and the preservation of the fossils located there. As a result of this study, a detailed paleontological reconnaissance of the early Eocene Wasatch Formation at Fossil Butte National Monument was conducted, with special emphasis placed on prospecting in outcrops that would be disturbed by construct ion activity, to determine if the destruction of paleontological sites would result, Additional localities with potential for the recovery of significant fossil specimens were determined during a general survey of other Wasatch exposures on the monument. There were six localities in the main body of the Wasatch Formation that produced identifiable fossil specimens. In the Fossil Basin, Oriel and Tracey (1970) have subdivided the Wasatch and Green River formations into several units. The Wasatch Formation has been divided in to seven units: the basal conglomerate member, the lower unnamed member, the main body, the sandstone tongue, the mudstone tongue, the Bullpen member, and the Tunp Member. The Green River Formation has been divided into the Fossil Butte Member and the overlying Angelo Member. The sediments of the main body of the Wasatch Formation suggest a fluviatile origin for these sediments. Depositional environments include streams, floodplains and swamps. Paleontological evidence supports this origin. Fifteen families are represented by the specimens collected during this reconnaissance. These specimens along with previous collections from Fossil Butte and nearby surrounding areas are identifiable to eighteen vertebrate species. Fourteen are mammals from the following families: Family Leptictidae, Family Adapidae, family Microsyopidae, Family Stylinodontidae, Family lschyromyidae, Family Hyaenodontidae, Family Miacidae, Family Hyopsodontidae, Fami ly Mcniscorheriidae, Family Coryphodontidae, Family Equidae, Family Helaletidae and Family Dichobuinidae. The specimen of Cynodontomyslatidens is a record for Fossil Butte National Monument. Correlation of the fauna with seven other local faunas places the Fossil Butte National Monument local fauna in middle early Eocene (Lysitean) age. Exposed beds at the proposed site appear rather unfossiliferous: however, a paleontologist or ranger naturalist should monitor fresh exposures for fossil specimens.
Directing A Children's Theatre Production Using a Main Stage Setting : Wiley and the Hairy Man
Authors:   , Bussen Loretta
Published: February 2023

The performance of the children’s show Wiley and Hairy Man was the final product of this thesis. Before this end was accomplished, all aspects of a theatre production were confronted and successfully dealt with. These aspects included auditions, rehearsals, publicity, designs, budget, and the actual performance. The show was performed March 8, 9, and 10 at 1 o’clock in the afternoon for children in Hays and the surrounding communities. Those children invited to attend the two performances held during the week were the fourth and fifth graders from the seven public schools and the one parochial school in and around Hays. The weekend performance was open to the general public with an admission fee of $1.50 charged to all. It is the belief of the author that everyone involved in the production, from the technical staff to the audience members, benefited from the experience. The author that everyone involved in the production, from the technical staff to the audience members benefited from the experience.
Nurse Role Confidence and Nurse-Physician Collaboration
Authors:   , Alexander Lisa
Published: February 2023

American Nurses Credentialing Center’s (ANCC, 2004) Magnet Recognition Program© identifies collaborative working relationships as essential. Exploring any potential barriers to collaboration is necessary. Nurses new to the profession may lack or have a varying degree of role confidence. Nurses need to be prepared to work at the collaborative bedside. Does a confident nurse assist in closing the gap in nurse-physician collaboration? The purpose of this investigation was to identify and describe the relationship between a nurses’ role confidence and nurse-physician collaboration. The convenience sample (N=90) consisted of RNs working in an acute care setting in a mid-western state. The variables were: (a) Nurse Role Confidence defined by the Nurse Self-concept subscale, the Caring subscale and the Knowledge subscale of the Nurse Self Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ) (Cowin, 2001), (b) Nurse-physician Collaboration defined by the Collaboration with Medical Staff Scale (CMSS) (Adams, Bond & Arber, 1995), (c) RN participant age, (d) RN participant years of nursing experience, and (e) RN unit worked. “Is there a statistically significant correlation between nurse role confidence and nurse perception of nurse-physician collaboration?” was the first research question. A correlation was performed with the NSCQ three selected subscales. The Caring subscale showed a statistically significant correlation with Nurse-physician collaboration. The Nurse Self-concept and Knowledge subscales were not statistically significant. The second research question, “Is there a statistically significant correlation between nurse role confidence and nurse age?” correlated the Nurse Self-concept, Caring and Knowledge subscales with nurse age. No statistically significant correlation was present. The third question was “Is there a statistically significant correlation between nurse role confidence and number of years of nursing experience?” This question correlated Nurse Self-concept, Caring and Knowledge subscales with years nursing experience. No statistically significant correlation was present. The final question was, “Is there a statistically significant difference between nurse role confidence by unit worked?” No statistically significant difference was found between unit worked and the subscales of Nurse Self-concept, Caring and Knowledge. Nurse role confidence, as defined in this investigation was not shown to have a positive correlation with nurse-physician collaboration. The Caring subscale provided a statistically significant correlation with nurse-physician collaboration. Future research for factors that impact collaboration is recommended.
A Study of the Relative Merits of Selected Profit Sharing Plans
Authors:   , Niu Yu-Hsiang
Published: February 2023

Wages may merely induce employees to contribute the time but not necessarily the effort that the performance of their job requires. Management, in order to motivate the employees to render their superior contribution, have set up various incentive plans. In recent years, companies attempt to secure greater cooperation, efficiency and loyalty from their personnel by providing them with an opportunity to participate in the benefits derived from their efforts. One of the participations has been accomplished through some form of profit sharing plan with some retirement or pension provisions.
A Multivariate Investigation of Relationships Between Blood Chemistry and Psychometric Profiles
Authors:   , Heard Malcolm
Published: February 2023

This study explored the possible relationships between factors on blood chemistry and psychometric profiles. Specifically the SMA 12/60 (Sequential Multiple Autoanalyzer) and the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) were used for the respective chemistry and psychometric profiles. The analyses were on data collected from 1975 and 1976 patient charts at Valley Hope Alcoholism Treatment Center. Also a distinction was made between alcoholic patients and those deemed as having \emotional problems only\ (no addictions) so that comparisons could be made between the groups. Multivariate techniques were used to analyze the data. Included in this analysis were canonical correlation and discriminant function analyses. The major findings indicated that relationships between the two sets of variables were weak and not scientifically significant. However, the variables used can effectively discriminate between the alcoholic and emotional samples.
The Effect of a Darkness Contingency Upon Cooperative Play in Young Children
Authors:   , Fast Donald
Published: February 2023

The experiment examined the effect of a darkness contingency upon cooperative and noncooperative play. The study was divided into four phases: first baseline, first experimental, extinction, and second experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions noncooperative play by the subjects, who were tow, four-year-old girls, resulted in the lights being turned off in the playroom. The lights out remained in effect for ten seconds beyond the cessation of noncooperative play and/or the initiation of silence. Cooperative play increased significantly during the treatment sessions. The results suggest that contingent darkness is an aversive stimulus, which may be an effective. Deceleration procedure when used in play therapy settings.
Spatial Scale and Floristic Diversity on Shallow Limestone Rangeland
Authors:   , Hitchcock Kyle
Published: February 2023

Studies of European limestone grasslands have suggested that when relatively small scale is considered, these grasslands are the most floristically rich sites on Earth. This study of shallow limestone communities in western Kansas was designed to examine their spatial aspects and floristic diversity, to assess the Willems' (1993) hypothesis and to examine the habit at island hypothesis. Two study areas had 3 study sites and were located in the Central Great Plains physiographic region, near the city of Hays, Ellis County, Kansas. The 3 study sites each had 2 sample periods that produced 6 site/season combinations. The spring sample period began 7 June 1994 and was completed 5 July 1994, and the late summer sample period began 20 August 1994 and was completed 16 September 1994. The growing season had below average rainfall with short-term drought conditions existing during most of this study. At each site a 4 m2 square quadrat was used that had 14 nested sub-quadrants arranged following Wiegert’s (1962) method of determining optimum quadrat size for sampling the standing crop of grasses and forbs. Forty quadrats were examined for each site/season, yielding a total of 240, 4 m2 quadrats. Each quadrat was placed at 15 paces from the preceding quadrat, marked, and positioned parallel to the site slope. Data collected were presence/absence per quadrat, yielding species frequency, and species area data. Based on frequencies major and indicator species were designated. To measure similarity between sites and seasons, Jaccard (1912) coefficients were calculated. Sideoats grama, big bluestem, noseburn, and broom snakeweed were major species on shallow limestone sites. The relationship of number of species to quadrat size revealed a classic species/area curve. The species/area curve for grasses had a higher starting count class, increased sharply, and quickly became asymptotic. The species/area curve for forbs was more gradual than the curve for grasses, and had a lower starting count class. Each site had different indicator species, but 2 sites were more closely related 10 each other than 10 the third season had little effect on the similarity of each respective site/season. The general trend was for grasses to dominate in numbers of individuals and biomass, and forbs to dominate in number of species per quadrat and total number of species. The optimum size of square quadrat 10 be used on shallow limestone sites based on my study was 0.5 m2 to 1.0 m2. Climate and the low water holding capacity of shallow limestone communities probably limit species that are not drought tolerant and enhance species richness. The richness of these sites is determined by the combined effect of grazing management, patch and gap dynamics, disturbance, and environmental conditions.
The Distribution and Some Ecological Considerations of the Mammals of Northeastern Jewell County, Kansas
Authors:   , Anderson Kenneth
Published: February 2023

Mammals were collected in northeastern Jewell County, Kansas, in 1963 and 1964 to obtain information as follows: (1) what species occurred in this area, (2) their distribution in the area, and (3) some knowledge of their preference of habitats. In an attempt to collect all species of mammals in the area, all habitats were trapped by means appropriate for the possible species. Each site from which mammals were recorded was described in general terms; and weather data, as well as specific notes on habitat, were usually recorded each time the traps were checked. Thirty-seven mammalian species representing 30 genera, 17 families, and seven orders were collected from the seven types of major habitats in the area. Most of these species showed some habitat preference, but this preference varied from species that were restricted to only one of the vegetational types to those that occupied nearly all of the available habitats.
Subjective Symbolism in Painting
Authors:   , Thompson Dennis
Published: February 2023

The direction of my work has been to increase skill as an artist in the areas of drawing, painting, and etching, treating each area, not as preliminary steps, but as a means of losing myself in the making of a visual statement. Because the statements I have made are of a subjective visual language I have not been able to translate them into an expository form. I have, therefore, written words in a poetic form that attempt to reveal the atmosphere in which these works were made.
Soxhlet Extraction Of Avocado Endocarp and Trituration Of Avocado Mesocarp For Biodiesel Production.
Authors:   , Oraemesi Ifeoma
Published: February 2023

Finding alternative sources of renewable energy is on the rise globally. Renewable sources of energy are advantageous because they are biodegradable, less toxic, and combust efficiently. More importantly, raw materials for these sources can be replenished. One alternative source of energy is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a fuel which consists of mono-alkyl esters of long-chained fatty acids obtained from vegetable oil or animal fats. They serve as efficient fuels to run diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced via transesterification of oils wherein glycerin is a by-product. Avocado (Persea americana) is a fleshy fruit with high lipid content, mostly monounsaturated fats, which amounts to 70% of its lipid content. These fruits serve as viable sources of biodiesel. In this research, I used the soxhlet apparatus to extract oil from the stony endocarp and trituration/geometric dilution to extract oil from fleshy mesocarp to produce biodiesel. The solvent used in both methods was hexane. About 0.48 ml of oil per g tissue was obtained from the avocado mesocarp via trituration extraction technique compared to 0.025 ml of oil per g tissue from avocado endocarp via soxhlet extraction. Oils extracted were analyzed using GC-MS and were composed of fatty acids like oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, and myristic acid. These fatty acids were transesterified to investigate potential for biodiesel production. Avocado’s high lipid content can be explored in the area of renewable energy. The mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be advantageous in its use as biodiesel.
Occupational Sex-Role Stereotyping in Secondary Students
Authors:   , Holmes Toby
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate occupational sex-role stereotyping in secondary students. The independent variables were: gender, classification of student, socioeconomic status of the parents, mother's employment outside the home, family structure, parental education level, size of school, and nationality of the student. The dependent variable was scores from Occupational Sex-Role Stereotyping. The sample consisted of 170 secondary students. This included 80 males and 90 females; of these 47 were 9th grade students, 43 were 10th grade students, 46 were 11th grade students, and 34 were 12th grade students. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance employing three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 24 comparisons were made plus 18 recurring. Of the 24 comparisons, 7 were main effect and 17 interactions. Of the 7 main effects, 1 was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant main effect was for the independent variable gender. The results indicated males had a statistically higher mean occupational sex-role stereotyping score than females. Of the 17 interactions, 2 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The following interactions were statistically significant: 1. the independent variables mother's employment outside the home and socioeconomic status of the parents; and, 2. classification of the student and size of school enrollment. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (1) male secondary school students have greater occupational sex-role stereotyping than female, (2) the independent variables mother's employment outside the home and socioeconomic status of the parents should be examined concurrently with occupational sex-role stereotyping, and (3) the independent variables size of school and classification of student should be examined concurrently with occupational sex-role stereotyping.
Gender-Based Stereotype Threat and Competitive Interactive Games
Authors:   , Robbins Phillip
Published: February 2023

Stereotype threat has been examined in numerous areas of performance, including entrepreneurial intentions, negotiation, math, and chess (Gupta, Turban, & Bhawe, 2008; Kray, Thompson, & Galinsky, 2001; Maass, D’Ettole, & Cadinu, 2008; Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999). Women who identify more strongly with their gender are also more vulnerable to stereotype threat (Schmader, 2002). The masculine stereotype includes such qualities as aggressiveness and risk-taking, and the feminine stereotype includes qualities such as cooperating and nurturing (Best, Williams, & Briggs, 1980; Gupta et al., 2008; Kray et al., 2001). Men tend to play competitive interactive games, particularly complex board games and table-top games, more often than women and are believed to be superior players, possibly because the feminine stereotype excludes qualities that are considered essential for gameplay. Nevertheless, in some games (particularly video game role playing games), women have been found to be superior players to men by many measures (Williams, Consalvo, Caplan, & Yee, 2009). Studies of social games show that women are more cooperative than men in mixed-sex groups, but less in same-sex groups (Balliet, Li, Macfarlan, & Van Vugt, 2011). In the present study, women were expected to manifest stereotypical gender qualities with higher frequency during a complex board game played with both men and women than during a game played with only members of their own gender, and to do so to a greater extent the more they self-identified as feminine according to the PAQ. Women in mixed-sex groups were actually found to perform less feminine actions and more masculine actions relative to women who played in all-female groups. A significant correlation was found between PAQ femininity and the relative number of feminine-typed actions taken during the game. No evidence of stereotype threat was found, but there were signs that some type of gender-based interference occurred during the games, causing women to behave differently according to their group type.
Multiple Assessment of the Bulimic Females and Nonbulimic Females
Authors:   , Rannebeck Joy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess individuals who suffer from bulimia and make a comparison with an equal number of subjects who do not suffer from bulimia. Literature has suggested that certain personality characteristics exist which may be correlated with the possibility of developing such a disorder. The data derived from the responses on the Tiffany Control Scales were gathered from volunteer subjects diagnosed with bulimia. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDl), Family Environment Scale (FES), and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), have all been utilized in previous research with bulimics. The purpose of utilizing them in this study was to determine if the results from these instruments will be consistent with the results from previous studies. This analysis, it was hypothesized, would show that data from all instruments is consistent with previous research and that the TCS was be useful in detecting specific personality characteristics of those diagnosed as having an eating disorder. Results indicated that the MMPI was partially consistent with previous results found when utilizing this instrument. Elevations occurred on scales 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and the MAC. The BDI results supported previous research in that the bulimics scored higher with regard to depression than the non-bulimics. The FES results were also found to be consistent with previous research in that the bulimic family is less cohesive, experiences more conflict, and is more controlling than the families of the non-bulimic. Results on the EDI indicated that bulimics did have higher elevations on all of the scales of this instrument when compared to the non-bulimics. The Bulimia subscale of the EDI indicated no significant differences between the two groups. This finding may question the validity of this scale when used by itself in determining the existence of bulimia in subjects. The results indicated that the bulimic copes less well, and is more passive. Bulimic results also indicated that they perceive themselves as having less control over the environment and over themselves.
A Measure of Experienced Control in Depressed and Suicidal Individuals
Authors:   , Leiker Nadine
Published: February 2023

The major purpose or this study was to examine the differences in experienced control between a psychiatric population who were depressed and suicidal, a psychiatric population who were neither depressed, nor suicidal, and a non-psychiatric population who were neither depressed nor suicidal. In keeping with Experience Control theory, four sources of control were considered: 1) control from inner organismic states (FI), 2) control over these states (OI), 3) control over the environment (OE), and 4) control from the environment (FE). It was found that all four of the components differed as a function of the groups. These results also found the groups to differ significantly in their experience of control over both their internal and external states (OI & OE). It is suggested by this study that the phenomena of control does indeed exist as a significant characteristic of depression and suicide. An additional finding, with implications for treatment, has also been observed. The evidence indicates that the greatest loss of control experienced by the psychiatric females of both the non-depressed or suicidal and the depressed and suicidal groups is found at OI and OE. The assumption that psychiatric patients experience a greater amount of control from their environment (FE), as well as from their internal states (FI), does not appear valid. This would suggest treatment should be directed at teaching the individual self-direction and control over already present and fairly constant perceived control from both the internal and external loci. Supporting evidence for the use of the Experienced Control (EC) Scale as an index of loss of control as well as a suicidal predictor also has been indicated. The EC Scale has been shown to be sensitive enough to discriminate between both of the psychiatric groups.
A Study of the Curriculum and Personnel of Physical Education for Boys in Secondary Schools with Fifty to Ninety-Nine Students for the Year 01/01/1958-59
Authors:   , Dempewolf Donald
Published: February 2023

This study is an inventory of 125 high schools in the state of Kansas with an enrollment of from fifty to ninety-nine students. The purpose of this study is to find facts concerning the curriculum and personnel of physical education for boys in these schools. This study deals with the following phases of the physical education program. These are: first, the required program; second, the intramural program; third, the interscholastic program; fourth, financing the physical education program; and fifth, the duties, experience and training of the instructors of physical education as well as coaches. A second purpose of this study is to compare it to a similar study made in 1948 and to find the general trends in the field of physical education.
A Study of the Status of the Curriculum Coordinator Position-- Present and Future--in the State of Kansas
Authors:   , Hooper Helen
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the present position of the curriculum coordinator and to determine the future status of this position in the state of Kansas.
The Clergyman's Conception of Mental Health
Authors:   , Lawson Ernest
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to provide information about the clergyman's conception of mental health. In view of the fact clergymen are frequently consulted by those who are emotionally disturbed, a study of their role in the mental health profession is highly significant. In order to secure information, questionnaires were mailed to 419 clergymen. The clergymen chosen were those whose names were listed in the latest annuals of the United Presbyterian Church, the Methodist Church, and the American Baptist Churches, who resided in Kansas west of highway 81 and in Colorado east of highway 85. One hundred sixty-five clergymen responded, 129 completely and accurately enough to be included in the study. Although the questionnaires provided an opportunity for the clergyman to tell a great deal about himself and his conception of mental health, the primary interest of this study was the information the clergymen held about mental health, their practices of referral, the relationship of these variables to one another, and their relationship to age. The results showed no significant correlation between the age and the accuracy-of-information. The correlation of accuracy-of-information and attitude-toward-referral was positive but not significant. There was an inverse relationship between age and attitude- toward-referral. (r =-.30) The younger the respondent the more likely his attitude-toward-referral was \positive.\ This was significant at the .01 level. The most important factor related to accuracy- of- information and/or attitude-toward-referral was education and training. This was not number of years spent in college or seminary but specific courses related to mental health and the days spent in conferences, workshops, and institutes related to mental health. The conclusion was that the clergyman's best preparation for counseling is a systematic program of psychological studies and professional super vision in working face-to-face with people.
In Search of the Perfect Print
Authors:   , Gross Michael
Published: February 2023

The object of my thesis is to exploit and perfect the most basic techniques of printmaking.
The Enhancement of Social Reinforcement Effectiveness in a Schizophrenic Boy
Authors:   , Dey Peggy
Published: February 2023

This experiment investigated the effect of pairing a primary reinforcer with a social reinforcer on the subsequent effectiveness of social reinforcement alone. The S was an eight year old hospitalized boy diagnosed as schizophrenic. S’s peer interaction time was first measured during four consecutive daily baseline sessions. During the following 12 treatment sessions, 30 seconds of peer interaction were followed by praise alone during the first four sessions, praise paired with candy during the second four sessions, and praise alone during the third four sessions. Praise alone at first had very little effect on peer interaction. When praise was paired with candy, peer interaction time increased to a high level. Finally, when praise was again presented alone, it remained effective in maintaining a high rate of peer interaction. Consistent with operant expectations, for this S, pairing social reinforcement with primary reinforcement was an effective method of enhancing the subsequent effectiveness of social reinforcement alone.
The Measurement of Retention of Selected Terms in Constitution Textbooks For High Schools
Authors:   , Hoff Roy
Published: February 2023

The problem of this thesis was to determine the extent of retention and understanding of selected terms found in certain textbooks in Constitution for Kansas high schools. Sophomores, juniors and seniors in high school were tested in a four - fold way: first, to ascertain the knowledge retained by students in each of three classes of high schools in Kansas; second, to determine how well students understand terms found in Constitution textbooks; third, to ascertain the extent of retention by boys and the amount retained by girls in each of the three school classifications; fourth, to discover the extent of correlation between students not enrolled in Constitution and those enrolled in Constitution.
Some Characteristics of Largemouth Bass Populations in Two Ellis County, Kansas Farm Ponds
Authors:   , Schroeder Troy
Published: February 2023

Growth rates, population densities, length frequency distributions, body conditions and angler catch rates of largemouth bass were compared in two Ellis County, Kansas farm ponds. New Pond was three years old and Old Pond was seven years old at the beginning of the study. Largemouth bass and bluegill were the major species in New Pond, while largemouth bass and green sunfish were the major species in Old Pond. Both ponds contained large numbers of small bass but few bass over 300 mm long. Bass density was estimated to be 71.1 kg/hectare in New Pond and 132 kg/hectare in Old Pond. Catch per hour was greatest in New Pond, but bass caught from Old Pond were larger. Total lengths at each year of life were greater for Old Pond bass, although annual growth increments were greater for New Pond bass after the second year of life. It was estimated that most of the opercle streamer tags used in this study were lost in less than 45 days. Thus, this tag may only be of value for studies of short duration.