bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis on the supreme value criteria of the global civilization
Authors: Piepiora Paweł , Maciej Kalina Roman
Published: June 2023

The three sets of premises imply the most general hypothesis about the supreme criteria of the value of global civilization. This hypothesis can be defined more concretely, but to ignore it would be to consent to self-destruction at our own request. Such a prospect is real in a much shorter time frame than the most optimistic (in fact naive) predictions of those trusting that humans en bloc will not allow this to happen.The first set (pessimistic) contains tragic experiences from the micro to the macro scale related to both the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since February 24, 2022; also the history of mankind, the shortest description of which contains a multi-page list of dates and names of wars. The second (optimistic) contains the wisdom recorded in the Holy Books, philosophical writings, and constantly handed down in the distinguished departments of all arts; heritage of the so-called ‘higher culture’; groundbreaking scientific discoveries related to the protection of health and life. The third one (seemingly neutral, since tools in the ethical sense are intrinsically neutral, and the way they will be used is ultimately decided by man): technology that actually enables real-time communication of the entire human population, but the effective use of this technology  while respecting the guiding criteria of universal human values  requires competent and therefore responsible coordination.The hypothesis is: survival of humans and nature in a non-degenerate form and responsibility for coming generations. The open problem is to train and elect suitable coordinators and assign them with the mission of coordinating elements that, from the micro- to the macro scale, will form a whole, worthy of the name ‘safe civilization of wisdom’ (wisdom includes responsibility). In a sense, paradoxically, it makes sense to reverse the direction from macro to micro, according to the principle of ‘the example comes from the top’.While Innovative Agonology (in fact the first experts in this new science) provides a methodological basis, many detailed methods and recommendations, it is far from pointing to a way of imminently dealing with a phenomenon that Albert North Whitehead described 97 years ago in simple terms: „significant fact of the modern world is the discovery of a method of training professionals who specialize in particular areas of thought and progressively increase the sum of knowledge within their own limited research topics.” His words justify the caution expressed above about indicating a way to deal with the phenomenon of necessary coordination, precisely in the context of the hypothesis formulated: “The tasks of coordination are left to those who lack the strength or character to be successful in a particular field”.
Breaking the barriers: multilingual user engagement to increase process engagement and technology acceptance in manufacturing
Authors: Eimontaite Iveta , Fletcher Sarah , Goławski Krystian , Kołcon Tomasz
Published: June 2023

With the start of Industry 5.0, there is greater emphasis on increased workforce sustainability. Manufacturing among other industries realised the economic importance not only of increased production efficiency, but the positive impact physical and psychological workforce wellbeing has on the company. The current paper presents a three-step approach of engaging multicultural end users for robotic technology introduction in the manufacturing where language dependent knowledge capture is challenging. The first step is video analysis of the process to determine which human factors might be key contributors to the existing processes. The second proposed step is process observation while the operators wear eye tracking glasses combined with several questions for the process clarification. This step allows to determine decision making points and visual attention sequence. Finally, a focus group conducted with small group of representative operators. The paper will introduce the use cases and protocol to achieve a two-fold aim: (i) feedback to the technology developers and engineers, the user critical aspects of the existing aspects, and (ii) to increase user acceptance and engagement with the developing technology/processes. The user acceptance and engagement with the final solution is expected to be improved due to the proposed three step engagement program delivered at the start of the project.
Exoskeletons at work: opportunities, suggestions for implementation and future research needs
Authors: Botti Lucia , Paolo Bacchetta Adriano , Oliva Maniva , Melloni Riccardo
Published: June 2023

Exoskeletons are wearable devices that use mechanical interaction with the body to augment, assist, and enhance physical activity, motion, and body posture. In the last decades, these devices have been extensively studied and applied in motor rehabilitation. More recently, both industrial and academic researchers have been working to explore the effectiveness of exoskeletons in supporting human upper and lower extremities during manual material handling to eliminate or reduce the risk of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). If on the one hand, the effects for the prevention of WMSDs seem evident, on the other hand, some studies are carefully evaluating the overall impact of exoskeletons on the health and safety of workers. Still, there is limited evidence on the long-term effects of these devices. Hence, more researches are necessary to understand the benefits and the potential opportunities arising from the introduction of exoskeletons in the workplace, as well as the potential limitations and risks that may arise for workers. This paper aims to address these challenges, providing the results of a structured analysis of the scientific literature on occupational exoskeletons. A conceptual framework describes the benefits and the potential limitations of occupational exoskeletons, supporting the safe and effective selection and adoption of these devices in workplaces. The findings in this paper support academic, industrial practitioners, and researchers to understand the opportunities behind the use of exoskeletons, the future research needs, and to predict the benefits and the potential limitations of their implementation in workplaces.
Human intelligence vs Artificial intelligence in opportunity discovery
Authors: Trzcielinski Stefan
Published: June 2023

Opportunity is a core phenomenon in theories of: strategic management, entrepreneurship and agile enterprise. Usually it is meant as an external situation which favours the enterprise achieving its objectives and goals with accessible resources. Strategists and entrepreneurs search for opportunities to improve the firm’s performance. Some of them do this intuitively when others apply methods of strategic analysis and/or conduct marketing research. The Artificial intelligence particular cognitive computing creates new possibilities to discover opportunities. The aim of this paper is to present a general model of opportunity recognition that applies to all above mentioned approaches. Basing on this model a review of traditional methods of opportunity discovery, exploiting mostly human intelligence, is presented. Next a generic model of Artificial Intelligence aided opportunity discovery is discussed. The article also shows the results of a study of companies' use of traditional opportunity discovery methods and preliminary results of a study of opportunity discovery using artificial intelligence.
Designing the organizational structure of enterprises operating in a highly turbulent environment
Authors: Pawlowski Edmund
Published: June 2023

The subject of this article is the methodology of designing the organizational structure of the enterprise. The aim of the research is to summarize many years of theoretical and empirical research on the organizational structures of enterprises and the methodology of their design, especially the design of organizational structures of enterprises operating in a turbulent environment. Theoretical research has led to the definition of a multidimensional organizational structure design space (Pawlowski E., 2009). In parallel, this multidimensional concept was used to develop an organizational structure design methodology for Agile Enterprises (Pawlowski E., Pawlowski K., 2008). The next step was to develop a methodology for designing an organizational structure in the context of the Knowledge Based Economy (Pawlowski E. , 2010). In 2015-2016, an empirical study was conducted on the flexibility of the organizational structure of Polish enterprises (Pawlowski E., 2016). In 2018-2020, a methodology for designing organizational structures was developed for the Management Systems of of Intelligent, Autonomous Environment (Pawlowski E. , Pawlowski K. 2020). This article focuses on the design of organizational structures of enterprises operating in a highly changeable, turbulent environment. The methodology is described in a five-dimensional design space: 1. Interpretation of organizational structure, 2. Methodology of organizational structure modeling, 3. Methodological approach to organizational design, 4. Procedures of organizational structure design, 5. Principles of organizational structure design
How Singapore’s Manufacturing Small and Medium Size Enterprises Embrace Industry 4.0
Authors: Menkhoff Thomas , Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan
Published: June 2023

Industry 4.0 adoption is expected to profoundly impact the entire spectrum of industries, especially in manufacturing. By using a confluence of automation, data, and digitalisation, Industry 4.0 aims to radically transform how organisations operate presently while increasing productivity, enhancing flexibility, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. More companies are strategically embracing Industry 4.0 approaches to leverage opportunities arising from newly connected computers and increasingly autonomous automation systems (e.g., robotics), equipped with intelligent machine learning algorithms that control the robotics without much human input. In these 'smart' factories, cyber-physical systems (i.e., independently operating systems that self-optimize and communicate with each other, and ultimately optimize production) monitor the physical manufacturing processes and play an increasingly important role in terms of decision-making. Industry 4.0 signifies three mutually interconnected factors, namely digitisation and integration of any technical-economic networks, digitisation of products and services, and new market models. At the core of this new smart manufacturing paradigm is the Internet of Things that drives the conversion of traditional factories into a 'smart' manufacturing environment called "Industry 4.0", resulting in an increasingly intelligent, connected, and autonomous factory with dynamic capabilities. Smart manufacturing technologies include big data processing, machine learning, advanced robotics, cloud computing, sensors technology, additive manufacturing, and augmented reality. By using predictive big data analytics, deep learning, or sentiment/image analysis, business leaders can identify patterns and trends in vast reams of big data. It allows them to make 'smarter' decisions (e.g., about the loss of customers or the necessary service inspection of equipment) and potentially to become more competitive in real-time. Based on case study research on small manufacturing firms in Singapore, we explore how local SMEs adopt Industry 4.0 solutions. We shed light on the drivers and barriers of Industry 4.0 adoption to better understand current business dynamics, potential human issues, focus areas, and initiatives to smoothen this implementation. The study is part of a wider Industry 4.0 study of key specialists and decision-makers across Government agencies, Institutes of Higher Learnings, suppliers of Industry 4.0 technology, business associations, etc. Technology push by the Government with robust funding and training support, skilled labour shortages including imported labour dependence, productivity issues and the pressure to innovate business models due to increased competition are propelling SMEs to adopt Industry 4.0. Some challenges include high investment costs, ROI concerns as well as capability and mindset issues. The paper contributes to the minimal Asian management literature about Industry 4.0 matters in Asian SMEs.
'Ergonomic posture assessment and tracking for industrial cyber-physical-human systems: A case study in the heavy metalworking industry
Authors: Pontes Eduardo , Moradbeikie Azin , Azevedo Rolando , Jesus Cristiano , Lopes S
Published: June 2023

In the context of Industry 5.0, collaborative automation and decision support through ubiquitous digital processing provide a privileged ap-proach to examining the human factor in the industry. At the same time, new technologies that have been under development since the in-ception of Industry 4.0, such as IoT devices, artificial vision systems, image processing algorithms, artificial intelligence, and others, have brought important opportunities to the industry, which has historically based its process transformation and management on a preventive ap-proach that helps improving decision-making. Musculoskeletal disor-ders in industrial working scenarios are often associated with the accu-mulation of stress over time, which can impact the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other parts of the body. To prevent injuries and complications in the short, medium, or long term, Cyber-Physical-Human Systems (CPHS) can be adopted to correct risky actions of op-erators in real-time. This work presents preliminary results regarding the study, understanding, and identification of operator postures in the heavy metalworking industry. The study was based on the comparison of the commonly used methods for ergonomic posture and movement assessment. The adopted approach takes advantage of computer vi-sion for operator pose identification and tracking to effectively detect the most frequently repeating body postures. The most repeated pos-tures are then categorized according to their ergonomic compatibility. To evaluate the proposed approach, a dataset has been acquired based on the observation of real operator actions. Based on the results, the implemented system enables us to actively evaluate the appropriate-ness of workers' postures in real-time.
“We don’t need ergonomics anymore, we need psychology!” – the human analysis needed for human-robot collaboration
Authors: Fletcher Sarah , Eimontaite Iveta , Webb Phil , Lohse Niels
Published: June 2023

Human labour has always been essential in manufacturing and, still, no machine or robot can replace innate human complex physical (dexterity) and cognitive (reasoning) skills. Understandably, industry has constantly sought new automation technologies and largely only concerned itself with physical health and safety issues to improve / maintain production processes, but these industrial engineering approaches have largely overshadowed our understanding of wider social and emotional issues that can also significantly impact on human-system performance and wellbeing. In the current climate, industrial automation is rapidly increasing and crucial to manufacturing competitiveness, and requires greater, closer human interaction. Consequently, people’s cognitive-affective abilities have never been more critical and there has never been a more important time to thoroughly understand them. Moreover, industrial engineers are themselves now more aware and interested in understanding how people can better perform tasks in collaboration with intelligent automation and robotics. This paper describes why industry is only now realising the need for psychology, how far research has advanced our knowledge, and how a major UK project is working to develop new human behaviour models to improve effectiveness in the design of human-robot interactions in modern production processes. As one recent anecdotal comment from a UK industrialist set out: “we don’t need ergonomics anymore – our industrial engineers can do that, we need psychology”!
Mathematical Models for the Assessment of the Composite Structures of Cylindrical Floating Elements Level of Performances, Used in Brackish Seas.
Authors: Gabriela Ene Alexandra , Mihai Carmen , Jomir Constantin , Jomir Mihaela
Published: June 2023

The safety of life and navigation in the areas with high risk potential adjacent parts to the coast, the fight against pollution with oil fractions, as well as the protection of marine biodiversity, all represent the central objective of this research action. One of the critical points was to statistically assess and decide the performance level of the composite structures of the modular systems with a cylindrical form, designed for the sustainable development of biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. For this purpose, a database that includes two independent variables related to the physical-mechanical/physical-chemical values of the used raw materials was created. There were considered 1000 values associated to the: i) mass per surface unit; ii) maximum breaking force in the warp; iii) elongation at break in the warp; iv) tearing force in the warp and batting; v) film type. Moreover, 800 values related to the raw material were included for the determination of the length density, resistance and elongation at break, torsion, resistance and elongation at the knot, resistance and elongation at the loop. Descriptive statistics were used for the: a) determination of the parameters that evidence the homogeneity degree of the analysed data; b) assessment of the coefficients of variability that demonstrate the extent to which the data groups are homogeneous or heterogeneous; c) histograms of each variable, which highlight the asymmetry of the distribution, with the predominance of frequencies or variables. The statistical data analysis enabled the prediction of the asymmetries of the data series, related to Skewness and Kurtosis. The links between the considered variables were established according to the values of the correlation coefficients for each of the composite structures studied. The regression equations were developed to express the influence on the resistance to tearing for the transverse/longitudinal system of: mass, resistance and elongation at break of the composite material and resistance to knot breaking of the yarn from composite matrix structure. It was shown that for the prediction of the value of the composite element’s resistance to tearing, the values of this characteristic in the warp should be preferentially considered. In the weft direction, the introduction of additional independent variables is necessary. The two tested variants of composite material were differentiated by the fibrous composition and structure of the reinforcement matrix, for the longitudinal and transversal systems (45//55%PES//PA6.6, ratio: 1:1/100//100 PES//PES, ratio 2:1). Four mathematical models that are approximately normally distributed and follow the cumulative percentage line described by the normal curve were created. The mathematical models demonstrated that, in the design stage, for dynamic conditions (impact factor 2.5), the tear resistance value should be considered in both systems.
A Synaesthetic Design Study: a driver for the Perception of Colour on Textile Biomaterials Selection
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Forman Gabriela
Published: June 2023

The Selection of Materials is a field containing a group of criteria necessary to choose materials applied to the Design project. Several criteria were associated with this selection process, and just some of them were considered for the study (such as aesthetic properties related to colour and texture; intangible requirements like emotions, perceptions, and stimulus; and some specific biological properties connected to biomaterials in the textile context). The study aims to understand the visual colour stimulus of biomaterials from the perspective of the Synaesthetic Design phenomenon. The designer has a pertinent role in understanding the mechanism around social desires (environmental protection, impact of materials, transparency, traceability, and attractive products). Biomaterials are produced from various sources of feedstocks such as residues, wastes, and sub-products of raw materials. In these cases, the transformation of the materials is crucial to becoming valid on the market and desirable to the consumer. Thus, how can the designer create value opportunities using these materials? The literature review is a methodology integrated into this study through the addition of interdisciplinary areas that seek to generate systematic and holistic based reflections. The designer needs guidance on biomaterials and their visual interpretations, which are linked to emotions or sensorial desires of human behaviour and feelings to create empathy with them - specific materials based on descriptive criteria connected to the Selection of Materials field. Therefore, the study hopes to facilitate the growth of biomaterial application by offerings insight about these concepts and consideration on eventual opportunities for creating experiences and innovative products based on a thoughtful and informed selection, contributing to a deeper understanding of biomaterial and these properties within textiles, towards a Circular Bioeconomy view.
The education of the social designer
Authors: Souleles Nicos
Published: June 2023

The proliferation of Higher Education (HE) programmes of study in the broad area of social design highlights the instructional challenges of how to educate the social designer. The evolution of HE programmes of study in this academic area has developed without agreed-upon criteria. It is characteristic, however, of social designers’ working practices that they deal with complexity that often requires multiple stakeholder participation and cross-disciplinary knowledge. It is a challenging task to strike the right educational balance to provide the appropriate skills. The unpacking of instructional trends in social design programmes of study can provide a stepping-stone to further elaborate on the education of the social designer, and this is the aim of this paper. Through a textual analysis of forty-two (42) programmes of study in social design in thirteen (13) different countries, this paper explores emerging instructional themes with a particular focus on competencies, entry criteria, programme content, teaching and learning and assessment, and it identifies curriculum design innovations.
Smart product: product requirements for the development of a responsive mirror for elderly support
Authors: Ala Soraia , Cruz Alexandre
Published: June 2023

A responsive smart product can connect with a network, to sense and gain awareness as well as to react to input signals and align with them. This paper describes the product requirements gathering process to assist the development of a responsive bathroom mirror connected with emergency centres for elderly support. The rapidly increasing ageing population has led to increased number of elderly people living alone. In this sense it is essential to pursue strategies that can guarantee ageing in place safely, independently, and with confidence, and improve the quality of life of those who wish to continue living in their own living environment. Driven by recent advances in technology, the development of smart products that can respond to human needs and wants, and to improve everyday tasks, became a tangible reality. When smart products are developed for senior citizens daily support, responding to what their expectations are and whether they are satisfied with them, and what opportunities and worries they associate with their age, overcoming technological barriers from the user's point of view, it will have a huge impact on the communities: older people, their families, and the healthcare system. To address these issues, this paper provides a systematic identification of product requirements, technological and from user’s point of view, for the future development of a responsive mirror. Towards a holist development approach, first, existing studies on smart products, research on related technological trends and development were reviewed, supplemented with case studies of existing smart products for healthcare. The first list of requirements was developed from this research. Additionally, studies and public statistics were analysed to confirm the relation between domestic environment and high levels of injuries, as well as places and situations of the accidents that have high impact on health and well-being. Smart products typically have a strong sense of technology. Being a mirror a product that is used in a daily basis, it is mandatory to gather simultaneously the user’s preferences and technological requirements. Based on a systematic approach, a Kano Model was developed; requirements were synthesized and organized within a comprehensive user requirement framework delineating three levels of needs: basic, performance and delight. Research from the field of smart products demonstrated that there are several technological trends that can be applied to mirrors, that there are smart mirrors for applications in automobile and fashion industries. Nevertheless, examples of these products in healthcare remains limited. Additionally, recent technological developments enable the development of a responsive smart mirror that not only serve as an interface for displaying information but can predict the presence of the user.
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Coupling in the HUNTER Dynamic Human Reliability Analysis Framework
Authors: Boring Ronald , Ulrich Thomas , Lew Roger , Park Jooyoung
Published: June 2023

The Human Unimodel for Nuclear Technology to Enhance Reliability (HUNTER) framework for dynamic human reliability analysis (HRA) has recently been developed into standalone software. HUNTER creates a virtual operator that is coupled to a virtual system model, in this case a nuclear power plant model. Asynchronous model coupling is most often found in the use of thermohydraulic codes like RELAP5-3D, which are designed to run in batch mode without interruption to determine the evolution of plant parameters from a particular set of conditions. Within RELAP5-3D, it is possible to schedule changes in the configuration, but conditions are determined a priori and not changed once a particular simulation run is started. In contrast, synchronous model coupling is most commonly found in interactive simulators, which feature a system model linked to real-time inputs from a human user. A model that is executed is a simulation, while a simulator is a simulation designed to interact with human inputs. Simulation is typically asynchronous to other models or humans, whereas simulators are synchronous with regular exchanges to other models or humans. For example, a training simulator at a nuclear power plant operates synchronously in such a manner that an input from the reactor operator at any point in time will change the evolution of the simulation run. The simulator provides an evolving response to dynamic contexts that reflect operator actions. The ability to change the simulation direction mid-course is the hallmark of synchronous coupling. HUNTER, as virtual operator, most accurately reflects human-system interactions when it is coupled synchronously with a plant model. In this paper, we explore synchronous and asynchronous coupling based on implementations in HUNTER.
Analysis of Tasks in Autonomous Systems Using the EMRALD Dynamic Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Park Jooyoung , Kim Jisuk , Ulrich Thomas , Boring Ronald , Prescott Steven
Published: June 2023

An autonomous system refers to the system that has the power and ability for self-governance in the performance of system functions. Autonomous systems have been actively pursued in a variety of domains such as automotive, aviation, maritime, medicine, and nuclear fields. As an unmanned concept employing the highest automation level, the autonomous system basically performs most of the work in normal operations or emergency situations. However, despite advances in technology, many researchers have noted these systems still require human actions. The nature of human actions on autonomous systems is different than the human actions that are considered in existing systems. Nevertheless, only a few studies have been conducted on 1) characterizing the different types of errors and risks associated with human actions interacting with autonomous systems and 2) how to evaluate human actions in the autonomous operations. As a starting point, this study aims to investigate differences of tasks in autonomous operation compared to those in existing nuclear power plant operation using the Event Modeling Risk Assessment Using Linked Diagram (EMRALD) software. In this paper, insights aspect of human error and time are derived out and discussed based on the output of the EMRALD models.
Stress and Motivation on Reliance Decisions with Automation
Authors: Mcguire Mollie , Bernkopf Miroslav
Published: June 2023

The decision to rely on automation is crucial in high-stress environments where there is an element of uncertainty. It is equally vital in human-automation partnership that the human’s expectations of automation reliability are appropriately calibrated. Therefore, it is important to better understand reliance decisions with varying automation reliability. The current study examined the effects of stress and motivation on the decision to rely on autonomous partners. Participants were randomly assigned to a stress and motivation condition, using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) for stress induction, and monetary incentive for motivation. The main task was an iterative pattern learning task where one of two AI partners, one with high reliability and one with low reliability, gave advice at every iteration; the AI partner alternated every ten iterations. While motivation had a stronger effect than stress, both motivation and stress affected reliance decisions with the high reliability AI. The low reliability AI was affected to a lesser degree if at all. Overall, the decision to not rely on the AI partner, especially with the higher in reliability was slower than the decision to rely on the AI partner, with the slowest decision times occurring in the high stress condition with motivated participants, suggesting more deliberate processing was utilized when deciding against the advice of the AI higher in reliability.
The use of lower limb exoskeletons to reduce load during orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Santos Catarina , Teresa Videira Gabriel Ana , Quaresma Cláudia , L. Nunes Isabel
Published: June 2023

During orthopedic surgeries, surgeons have to operate for long hours in a standing position, performing repetitive and/or forceful movements, and operating in sustained awkward postures, which raises the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD). Therefore, it is essential to find solutions that allow to reduce the exposure to risk factors while providing comfort, without affecting concentration during work.Lower limb exoskeletons can be considered an innovative assistance solution that helps workers perform their tasks by supporting the musculoskeletal system. Lower limb exoskeletons are wearable augmentative devices that work in concert with the user’s movements to provide physical assistance through torques or structural support. The exoskeleton moves with the user and is generally classified as an active or passive system, adding strength to the wearer. Therefore, these devices can be an opportunity to reduce muscular, joint, ligament, and bone stress at work, and potentially prevent WRMSD by physically assisting surgeons.Thus, surgical environments need to be improved to reduce the surgeon’s physical burden and enhance the quality of surgery. On that account, the main goals of this paper are: 1) to provide an overview of the risk factors related to the development of lower limb WRMSD, which are presented in orthopedic surgeries; 2) to explain how adopting lower limb exoskeletons might reduce the load experienced in the lower limbs; 3) identify current roles of existing lower limb exoskeletons; and 4) identify user needs and solutions requirements for future lower limb exoskeleton to be implemented in orthopedic surgery rooms.
Negative Capability: A Human Factor of Resilience for Crisis Management and a Valuable Training and Intervention Objective
Authors: Flandin Simon , Scannell Olivia , Ketelaars Elleke , Poizat Germain
Published: June 2023

In the field of crisis management, negative capability can be understood as an individual’s or team’s ability to tolerate and accept challenging and confusing situations and search for meaning and means of action despite a high degree of indeterminacy. In this paper, we develop the conceptual, empirical and practical value of negative capability in the field of individual and team resilience in crisis management. Conceptually, its interest is to distill and define the human capacity to act when faced with the unknown. Empirically, this concept offers new analytical possibilities, as exemplified through a case study conducted during a COVID-19 pandemic peak. Practically, we argue that developing negative capability can be a relevant objective for crisis management preparedness, and provide tentative orientations for the design of training interventions that focus on human factors. We conclude with suggestions for further research.
A discovery on creativity delivery tools – from the needs of hybrid-using 3D modeling software
Authors: Yin Yuan
Published: June 2023

Hybrid using 3D model-building software is a popular situation in product design to delivery creative ideas. Less research on challenges and expected functions in hybrid-use modeling software triggers this study which aims to gather an in-depth understanding of the hybrid-use modeling software user experience. Semi-structured interviews were used to report the using experience. The paper analyses the interview from intelligence, expected function, hybrid using experience, and expected software. It shows that participants expect automatically saving and recording process functions. Also, the traditional modeling building software has high developing potential on shortcut key plug-in. Suggestions were promoted to make more effective modeling software. This research is a former step to inspire thinking on how to improve the collaboration among different 3D modeling software.
Single-file movement experiments of male under the influence of rhythm
Authors: Li Maoyu , Yang Lizhong , Zhang Ping , Jiang Nan , Jia Xinmiao , Yu Hanchen
Published: June 2023

Reducing congestion to ensure people's safety has been widely concerned. Rhythm may be a potential way to adjust pedestrian flow. Considering that different gender groups may have different responses to rhythm, this study mainly conducted a series of single-file experiments on the effects of rhythm on male behavior. The distribution of speed mostly conform to a Gaussian distribution in different runs. The stop-and-go phenomenon appears when the density is beyond 1.35 ped/m. As the density increases, the frequency of long stop time becomes higher. The fundamental diagrams with rhythm are obtained. The boundary density between the free and constrained phases is 0.5 ped/m. When the density is 1 ped/m, the maximum flow rate 0.8 ped/s is reached. Meanwhile, the relationship between headway and individual velocity is fitted piecewise and two stages can be found. The findings can help to understand the movement characteristics of male under rhythmic influence.
The human quest for wearable technologies for stable healthy lifestyle through self-measurement
Authors: Adewale Olaleye Sunday , Olubunmi Olaleye Esther
Published: June 2023

One of the contenders of health care systems globally is hospital congestion since the emergence of the ravaging COVID-19. Hospital congestion is caused by a prolonged hospital stay and delayed discharge due to complicated health issues. The research domain of wearable technologies and well-being is growing, and many authors have contributed to the literature on wearable devices and well-being. However, there still needs to be more knowledge on how human factors affect a stable, healthy lifestyle while using wearable through self-measurement. This study utilized a 1000 sample size from Finland for descriptive and correlation analysis with SPSS version 28. The study results show wearable technology as a motivation for a stable human healthy lifestyle and offer managerial implications.
Improved Affect Prediction Using Complexity Based Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Features
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Poursartop Behnaz , Mahnam Amin , Henrique Falk Tiago
Published: June 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been a useful tool for understanding human behavior. HRV features, derived from the inter-beat interval (RR) time series, reflect the autonomic nervous system processes of the body and have shown correlates with various mental processes. These processes include mental fatigue, workload, and anxiety, to name a few. Developing an understanding of these constructs in machines is key to improving human-computer interaction. However, HRV based emotion recognition is often limited to detection of negative (stress or anxiety) versus neutral emotional responses. Such systems when tested with subjects showing wider emotional responses may lead to errors. In addition to this, it is desirable for such emotion recognition systems to have high temporal resolution, thus allowing for almost real-time feedback and adaptive decision making. In this article, we explore the use of novel complexity-based feature set computed from so called ultra-short-term segments of 60 seconds. More specifically, we evaluate the potential of HRV features to distinguish stress vs. amusement vs. neutral vs. relaxation classes. Experiments using the WESAD database show that the proposed features extracted on ultra-short-term window of 60s and combined with benchmark features provide an overall improvement of 12.92 % balanced accuracy and 20 % F1-score over using only the benchmark features.
A Novel Method for Evaluating the Suitability of Helmets
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Qiang , Niu Jianwei , Chen Xiao , Zu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2023

With the integration of helmets and functional accessories, wearers' fatigue would be accelerated. Therefore, the suitability and comfort of helmets become the most critical factors for the final promotion and application. In this work, the effects of average pressure distribution(APD) for five different types of helmets on five areas (front, rear, left, right, and top) of the head surface under static and multi-coupled degrees of freedom rotation conditions (30mm vertical vibration, 15 ° pitching movement, 15 ° flip movement, 15 ° azimuth movement) were analyzed. The results show that #B helmet has a uniform distribution of APD on the head, making it the most comfortable, while the #E helmet has the most uneven APD on the head, with greater pressure on the top of the head compared to the other four helmets, indicating that the comfort of the E helmet is poor, It may be that the pad system of #E helmet does not restrain and support the circumference of the head, the entire mass of the helmet acts on the top area of the head. Combined with many wearers ’ feedback suggestions, the dispersity of helmet pressure (DHP) under static conditions and helmet-following(HF) under dynamic conditions are considered as two extremely critical indicators for assessing helmet comfort. The results indicated that the DHP was positively correlated with HF performance, The smaller the DHP of the helmet in static state, the better the HF stability of the helmet in dynamic state. Therefore, this present work proposes indicators that affect helmet wearing comfort from the perspective of ergonomics, which can objectively and quantitatively evaluate helmet wearing comfort in the market.
Automotive Head-Up Displays (HUDs): Considerations for Color-limited Users
Authors: St Clair Andi , Chaparro Alex
Published: June 2023

Head-Up-Displays (HUDs) were initially developed for use in aircraft to provide the pilot with essential aircraft flight information aid while flying. The HUD allows the pilot to view primary flight information overlaid on the external scene without the necessity of looking down inside the cockpit at their instruments. Thus they can maintain their gaze outside of the cockpit during critical phases of flight like landing while still having access to critical flight information like altitude, speed, and heading. HUDs have also been adapted to ground vehicles. The first production vehicle with a HUD was the General Motors Cutlass Supreme, in 1988 (Weihrauch et al., 1989). Over 30 companies have implemented this technology into select vehicle models (Korentsides et al., 2021). This technology is also gaining traction among aftermarket manufacturers that offer hardware that owners can integrate into their vehicles. Information typically displayed on a HUD includes safety alerts, navigation directions, and the status of vehicle parameters such as speed. The systems allow drivers to customize the information they see displayed and they can change the information based on the situation. Most HUDs employ a limited color palette of red, green, yellow, and sometimes blue to code information and to represent hazards or risks. Typically alphanumeric information in aviation and automotive applications is rendered in bright green that is visible across a wide range of external illumination conditions. The use of color in consumer products poses some challenges because approximately 8% of the male population and a much smaller percentage of women have color deficiencies that affect their ability to discriminate among some hues including the widely used red, green, and yellow hues (Chaparro & Chaparro, 2017). By recognizing this issue, designers, engineers, and human factors practitioners can ensure that all users, irrespective of their visual status, can use their systems safely. In this paper, we explore different strategies to ensure that information is accessible to users regardless of their visual status. The strategies include using redundant coding so that critical information is encoded using multiple stimulus dimensions (e.g., brightness, color, saturation, texture, font, etc). We also discuss the use of software applications that simulate how any color combination might appear to persons with different color limitations allowing designers to evaluate different color codes or palettes.
Stimulation and visibility of flashing lights with different illuminance
Authors: Fujisawa Shoichiro , Nishimori Shoya , Atsuta Yoshifuru , Sakami Kenji , Morimoto Jiro , Kawata Jyunji , Kaji Yoshio , Higuchi Mineo , Ito Shin-Ichi , Inagaki Tomoyuki
Published: June 2023

In this study, we performed a demonstration experiment to determine a highly visible light emission pattern while feeling that the stimulus is suppressed using sensory evaluation. We performed sensory evaluation of stimulus intensity and visibility of simple blinking that repeats on and off and fade-in/fade-out blinking that gradually brightens and fades to investigate the trade-off relationship between stimulus adaptation and arousal. In the experiment, we compared the light-emitting blocks that are constantly lit, simple blinking, and fade-in/fade-out blinking and clarified the relationship of the blinking stimulus with visibility. In this experiment, subjects underwent the sensory evaluation for three types of environmental illuminance (20 lx, 50 lx, and 100 lx) and were asked to evaluate the strength of stimulation, visibility, and discomfort of each blinking pattern using normal light as a reference. When the surrounding illuminance was low (20 lx), the overall evaluation value was higher because the fade-in/fade-out flashing was less stimulating and easier to find. Conversely, when the ambient illuminance was high (50 lx), simple blinking was more stimulating　and easier to find, and the overall evaluation value was higher. Although it was a simple blinking, it seemed that the visibility for the visually impaired had been secured. Moreover, in the case of 100 lx, the difference in the illuminance between the surroundings and the light-emitting block was small; therefore, finding the light-emitting block in both simple blinking and fade-in/fade-out blinking was difficult, and the overall evaluation value was very low. It was found that simple or fade-in/fade-out blinking is selected depending on the ambient illuminance. By installing light-emitting blocks that blink in an optimal blinking pattern at the entrance of a crosswalk, it is expected that the blinking will be effective in guiding the visually impaired while considering pedestrians and the surrounding environment.
The search for a new housing formula using T-plan houses based on an analysis of typologies of housing as a response to the global housing crisis.
Authors: Maciejko Alicja
Published: June 2023

The article presents a proposal for a new formula of housing construction based on the author's architectural design of a T-shaped house against the background of the current crisis housing situation in the world. The analysis of the literature showed that there is a gap in defining the typology of low-budget residential architecture, which is developing outside the standard regulatory systems as a bottom-up response to crisis problems. The search for a new housing formula with the use of houses on the T plan is presented on the basis of the use of various features of residential spaces characteristic of single-family and multi-family housing, collective and community housing, and unregulated, as well as on the basis of the geometric and technological possibilities of the proposed solution. The result of this search, based on the research method consisting in the selection of features and criteria characterizing extremely different types of buildings, is a model that largely resembles the idea of a community house and can be a response to the global housing crisis as well as a proposal to complete the typology of housing.
Emotional Effects of Color in Noisy Environment: A Virtual Reality Study on Subway Platforms
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Tang Lilu , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2023

Color design is a potential way to improve the human experience of subway platform. This study investigated the effect of color on emotion and environmental preference in subway platforms. In particular, taking possible audio-visual interaction into account, this study investigated the differences in color-emotion effect under different noise levels. Virtual reality was used to simulate the subway platform environment, and 11 colors × 2 noise levels were examined. Participants’ emotions and preferences were measured by self-reports and EEG signals. The results indicated that the hue and color type of the subway platform have a significant influence on emotion and preference, and preference can be predicted by two emotion dimensions: pleasure and arousal. This study also found that environmental preference differed in different noise levels, and there was an interaction between hue and noise. These findings provided a basis for the color design of subway platforms to elicit more positive emotions.