bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuación de Bienes de Uso en el Marco de las Nuevas Normas Contables Profesionales
Authors: Brozzú Beatriz , Haquín Nestor G.
Published: July 2014

Respecto a la valuación de los Bienes de Uso el abandono de los valores corrientes, reemplazado por valores históricos, sacrifica los requisitos de aproximación a la realidad, verificabilidad y confiabilidad de la información. Al mismo tiempo, se contradice con Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (IAS) hacia las que supuestamente buscaba armonizar, ya que éstas (IAS 16) admiten revalorizaciones y desvalorizaciones, con énfasis en mostrar, en todo momento, el fair value de los Bienes de Uso.
Apostes de la LSF a la Enseñanza y al Aprendizaje de Lenguas
Authors: Fernández Daniel , Fernández Ma. Delia , Ghio Elsa
Published: July 2014

en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar las posibilidades que ofrece la Linguistica Sistémico Funcional (LSF) como perspectiva linguística que sustenta una didáctica para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la lengua materna (L1) y en particular, como lengua extranjera (Le) y como segunda lengua (L2).Siguiendo estas premisas, nuestra presentación estará pautada por tres ejes:a) Adquisición y aprendizaje de lenguasb) Propósitos para aprender una Le o una L2c) La LSF como perspectiva gramatical que facilita el logro de estos propósitos.
El Proceso Presupuestario en América del Norte y la Unión Europea
Authors: Asensio Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2014

El artículo contempla nuevas miradas para un tema que entre diversos aspectos, y como otros estudios preexistentes, procura considerar los procesos presupuestarios comparativamente. En tal sentido, contiene una nueva revisión del caso canadiense y una mirada acotada de la experiencia de Estados Unidos, incorporando la consideración del caso de la Unión Europea. El análisis se ubica en el campo de una institución fiscal clave. El debate contemporáneo sobre las instituciones fiscales habilita a evaluar, los modelos presupuestarios nacionales que los integran, a fin de ponderarlos con nociones aceptadas de política fiscal compatibles con las modernas convenciones sobre “gobernancia”. Entre aquéllas instituciones emergen dos, las instituciones presupuestarias y las de endeudamiento, determinantes en el marco de reglas de Maastricht. Allí, los presupuestos emergen visibles. Tal visibilidad debe hacer explícita las dinámicas respectivas. De allí que en tales esquemas quepa ubicar los perfiles de los modelos nacionales, donde quizás siga teniendo andadura la diferenciación dicotómica entre los basados en el esquema de Westminster y el denominado “congresional” o “presidencialista”. Adicionalmente, y en tal contexto, se analizan las peculiaridades de un proceso presupuestario referido a una experiencia plurinacional, como es la de la Unión Europea, original y desafiante a la vez.
Investigación científica: La selección adversa y el riesgo moral en los contratos de construcción de obras
Authors: Beltrán Carlos , Dutto Martín
Published: July 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los mecanismos o instituciones incorporadas en los contratos de construcción de obras, a los fines de disminuir los costos de transacción. Para ello, se analizan las soluciones contractuales a los problemas propios de esta actividad originados en la selección adversa y el riesgo moral. Se recurre para este estudio a la evidencia de un caso de contratación de obra. El análisis del mismo permite descubrir la racionalidad económica de las transacciones y acuerdos, lo cual a su vez facilitaría en el futuro la redacción de nuevos contratos y cláusulas tendientes al logro de objetivos predefinidos. La evidencia sugiere que, dada la mayor aversión al riesgo de la firma, debido principalmente a su menor tamaño en relación al Estado, no es recomendable un contrato a precio fijo puro, sino más bien un contrato intermedio entre éste y el de costes y costas. Esta solución permite lograr una más eficiente distribución del riesgo, sin sacrificar completamente los incentivos para el esfuerzo
Eficiencia Productiva y Presión Competitiva: el Caso del Sector de la Construcción
Authors: Dutto Giolongo Martín
Published: July 2014

El efecto de la concentración de una industria sobre la eficiencia productivade las empresas participantes, constituye un test empírico habitualen el campo de la microeconomía aplicada y de la organización industrial.Este trabajo está basado en la evidencia del sector de la construcciónen la Provincia de Santa Fe, en el período 1993-2001, y se comprobó lahipótesis prevista por la teoría: dado el alto grado de competencia delsector y baja concentración de la industria, entonces la eficiencia mediay mínima del sector son altas, y el desvío standard de los indicadores deeficiencia individuales es bajo.
Teoría Contable: Situación Actual de los Principales Programas de Investigación Existentes en la Unión Europea
Authors: Brozzú Beatriz , Haquín Néstor Gabriel , Labath Andrés
Published: July 2014

Al considerar el llamado período científico de la contabilidad, se percibeuna diversidad de corrientes doctrinales que evidencian la existenciade diferentes programas de investigación. Desde esta concepción, este artículoresume un proyecto de los autores que investiga la naturaleza y fundamentode estos diferentes programas de investigación entendidos comorepresentativos de las corrientes teóricas de la actualidad. Se detectan yprecisan sus definiciones y límites y los aspectos en que coinciden o se diferencian.Para el logro del objetivo perseguido, metodológicamente se desarrollaun relevamiento bibliográfico de autores de la disciplina y tareasde campo, a través de encuestas y entrevistas a un universo de docentesy autores de la doctrina, locales, nacionales e internacionales que, condiversos grados de colaboración, permiten aclarar el tema investigado.Como corolario, se desprende que:1. La observación de la diversidad de programas de investigación históricosy actuales en contabilidad, contribuye a replantear una variedad deproblemas teóricos y epistemológicos, doctrinarios y formales, que debencomenzar a estar presentes en nuestras cátedras, extendiendo su concepcióntécnico-legalista hacia una más amplia, que reconozca indubitablementeel carácter multiparadigmático de la disciplina.2. La abundancia de líneas de trabajo que necesitan ser profundizadas,sistematizadas y verificadas, resulta reveladora de oportunidades y a lavez claro reclamo por una actividad intensa y sistemática de investigacióne investigadores que, así dedicados, fortalezcan su protagonismo comomediadores de una disciplina con fundamentos teóricos tan sólidos comopara justificar su evolución continua.
Los avatares de los conceptos de exclusión e inclusión
Authors: Aquin Nora
Published: July 2014

Los múltiples usos a que ha sido sometido el concepto de exclusión responden —y frecuentemente ocurre así con los conceptos que afectan al orden social y político— no sólo a concepciones sino también a intereses. Creación europea que se sitúa en la década del 70, es a la vez expresión y resultado del reconocimiento de la existencia de una situación de desempleo de largo alcance, concomitante a un considerable déficit habitacional, a la aparición de formas inéditas de pobreza, a la reestructuración del Estado bienestarista ante la crisis fiscal. Es que, en efecto, la apelación al concepto de pobreza por ingresos ya resultaba estrecha para dar cuenta del fenómeno del desempleo perdurable y sus consecuencias en la organización de la vida familiar y comunitaria, dado el incremento inusitado de la desigualdad, en un grado quizá hasta entonces desconocido por la historia de la humanidad. Una desigualdad referida no sólo a los ingresos, sino que también es social, política y cultural. La exclusión vino, entonces, a ponerle nombre a un fenómeno de magnitudes nunca vividas ena quellas sociedades articuladas fundamentalmente en base a las coordenadas del trabajo y la educación.
Cuándo continuar y cuándo retirarse de la acción. Un desafío de la extensión universitaria
Authors: Puccio José , Schmuck María Soledad , Plotnic Karenina , Colombo Natalia
Published: July 2014

La extensión universitaria vincula a la universidad con el marco social que la rodea. En una práctica de extensión habrá por lo menos dos partes (universidad y actores sociales) que se vinculan transitoriamente para potenciar algunos de sus intereses.Mediante la presentación de una experiencia concreta de extensión asociada a la aplicación de una determinada política pública pretendemos poner a consideración una de las tantas reflexiones que nos han surgido en el devenir del trabajo realizado.
Formación para la Economía Social y Solidaria. Prácticas y representaciones de los y las estudiantes en torno al DOSESS de la UNQ
Authors: Altschuler Bárbara , Cabanchik Paula , Mendy Guillermina , Rosas Gustavo
Published: July 2014

El Diploma de Operador Socioeducativo en Economía Social y Solidaria (DOSESS) fue diseñado por el Programa CREES (Construyendo Redes Emprendedoras en Economía Social) de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ) y su objetivo radica, fundamentalmente, en fortalecer la formación de educadores y organizadores territoriales en Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS), en vistas a la generación de prácticas más autogestivas, sustentables y solidarias.La propuesta político–pedagógica del Diploma recupera las tradiciones de la educación popular y propone el enfoque de comunidad de aprendizaje, buscando valorizar los múltiples saberes de sujetos de aprendizaje con trayectorias y características diversas. Se pretende contribuir a un cambio de paradigma en la educación, pensando en una formación para todos y todas.
Notas. "Adicciones a la Fauna de Peces del Delta del Río Paraná", "Inventario de Anfibios y Reptiles de Parque Nacional Chaco, Argentina", "Un Señuelo en el Lenguado Catathyridium Jenynsi (Günther, 1862) (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) Usado para la Capt
Authors: Liotta Jorge , Wagner Mario , Giacosa Beatriz , Céspedez Jorge A. , Lions María Luisa , Alvarez Blanca B. , Schaefer Eduardo F. , Peltzer Paola M. , Ponssa María Laura , Lajmanovich Rafael C. , Rodríguez Mónica Sonia
Published: July 2014

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Insights from reconstitution reactions of COPII vesicle formation using pure components and low mechanical perturbation
Authors: Daum Sebastian , Krüger Daniela , Meister Annette , Auerswald Jan , Prinz Simone , Briggs John A.G. , Bacia Kirsten
Published: July 2014

As shape transformations of membranes are vital for intracellular trafficking, it is crucial to understand both the mechanics and the biochemistry of these processes. The interplay of these two factors constitutes an experimental challenge, however, because biochemical experiments are not tailored to the investigation of mechanical processes, and biophysical studies using model membranes are not capable of emulating native biological complexity. Reconstituted liposome-based model systems have been widely used for investigating the formation of transport vesicles by the COPII complex that naturally occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we have revisited these model systems, to address the influence of lipid composition, GTP hydrolyzing conditions and mechanical perturbation on the experimental outcome. We observed that the lipid-dependence of COPII-induced membrane remodeling differs from that predicted based on the lipid-dependence of COPII membrane binding. Under GTP non-hydrolyzing conditions, a structured coat was seen while GTP-hydrolyzing conditions yielded uncoated membranes as well as membranes coated by a thick protein coat of rather unstructured appearance. Detailed up-to-date protocols for purifications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae COPII proteins and for reconstituted reactions using these proteins with giant liposomes are also provided.
Massachusetts Health Reform and Access for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Smith Anna Jo , Chien Alyna T.
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) face unique challenges in accessing affordable health care. Massachusetts implemented major health reform in 2006; little is known about the impact of this state’s health reform on uninsurance, access to care, and financial protection for privately and publicly insured CSHCN.

METHODS:

We used a difference-in-differences (DD) approach to compare uninsurance, access to primary and specialty care, and financial protection in Massachusetts versus other states and Washington, DC before and after Massachusetts health reform. Parent-reported data were used from the 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs and adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, non-English language at home, and functional difficulties.

RESULTS:

Postreform, living in Massachusetts was not associated with significant decreases in uninsurance or increases in access to primary care for CSHCN. For privately insured CSHCN, Massachusetts was associated with increased access to specialists (DD = 6.0%; P ≤ .001) postreform. For publicly insured CSHCN, however, there was a significant decrease in access to prescription medications (DD = –7.2%; P = .003) postreform. Living in Massachusetts postreform was not associated with significant changes in financial protection compared with privately or publicly insured CSHCN in other states.

CONCLUSIONS:

Massachusetts health reform likely improved access to specialists for privately insured CSHCN but did not decrease instances of uninsurance, increase access to primary care, or improve financial protection for CSHCN in general. Comparable provisions within the Affordable Care Act may produce similarly modest outcomes for CSHCN.
Comparison of soil parameters of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in a long-term fertilization field experiment
Authors: Kátai János , Oláh á. , Sándor Zs. , Tállai M.
Published: July 2014

In a long-term fertilization field experiment set up in Debrecen-Látókép in 1983 on calcareous chernozem soil the changes in the chemical and microbiological characteristics related to the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the soil are shown and evaluated. The soil samples were taken in the 26th and 27th years of the experiment, (in 2009, 2010) from maize monoculture and tri-culture. In addition to the effects of fertilizer doses, correlations among soil chemical and microbiological properties were established; and the various ratios among some microbiological parameters were also evaluated.The elements of NPK fertilizers increased together with the doses, so the elements’ effect cannot be separated, the minimum factor is not identifiable.With increasing fertilizer doses, the soil pH decreased in both the mono- and triculture, parallelly there was a significant increase in hydrolytic acidity. A close negative correlation was proved between the pH(H2O) and hydrolytic acidity and pH(KCl) and hydrolytic acidity. An increased soil nutrient content was recorded in each NPK treatment, the available phosphorus and nitrate content increased in a higher proportion than that of potassium.Among the measured parameters of the carbon and nitrogen cycles fertilization had a positive influence on the organic carbon (OC), organic nitrogen (ON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents, the number of cellulose decomposing and nitrifying bacteria, the nitrate exploration and CO2-production, while it mainly had negative effects on the investigated enzymes (saccharase and urease) activity.Evaluating the ratios among the measured parameters, fertilization seems to have promoted the increase in nitrogen-containing organic compounds, because the OC/ON and MBC/MBN ratios decreased due to the effect of different doses of NPK fertilizers in both cultures.
Study Of Solution Processed Cu(In,Ga)S2 By Post-Deposition Treatments
Authors: Armstrong J.C. , Cui J.B. , Chen T.P.
Published: July 2014

In this study, we have investigated various approaches to improve CIGS solar cells after thin film deposition. CIGS devices have been fabricated by a hydrazine solution based process. Post-deposition treatments by sulfurization were studied with focuses on the change of material structures and physical properties. Sulfurization has shown to increase grain size and band gap of the absorber layers at higher temperatures. This property change has shown a direct impact on open circuit voltage of the solar cell devices. Through these post-deposition processes, improved quality of CIGS materials can be obtained and the associated solar cell devices show better performance.
Magnetic resonance imaging comparison of lateral collateral ligament and patellar tendon length
Authors: Njagulj Vesna , Kovacev Nemanja , Rasovic Predrag , Semnic Robert , Milankov Miroslav
Published: July 2014

Introduction. The problem of using patellar tendon auto or allografts for
lateral collateral ligament reconstruction results in the occurrence of
ligaments mismatch. The length of patellar tendon does not match the lateral
collateral ligament. Material and Methods. Out of 151 patients, who formed
the study, 102 were men with the mean age of 30 years (18-54) and 49 women,
with the mean age of 34 (18-55), and they all underwent magnetic resonance
imaging of the knee. Both patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament
were measured using a three-dimensional isovoxel truefast-imaging with
steady-state precession sequence with water excitation and secondary
multiplanar reformations. In order to visualize the lateral collateral
ligament insertions precisely, sagittal images were reformatted according to
the anatomical, oblique ligament position, in anteriorly tilted, paracoronal
plane. The length of the patellar tendon was measured from the patellar apex
to the tibial tuberosity insertion site. Results. The mean patellar tendon
length was 52.88?7.56 mm (37-75) with a significant difference between men
and women. The mean lateral collateral ligament length was 61.21?5.77 mm
(46-80) with a significant difference between genders. The average
differences between lateral collateral ligament and patellar tendon length
was 8.38?7.23 mm (-9 to 26) without a significant difference between the
genders. In 18 (11.92%) patients, the patellar tendon was longer than the
lateral collateral ligament; in 7 patients (4.63%) they were equal; and in
126 patients (83.44%) the patellar tendon was shorter than the lateral
collateral ligament. Conclusion. The length of patellar tendon does not match
the length of lateral collateral ligament. If patellar tendon auto or
allograft is used for lateral collateral ligament reconstruction, the lengths
of both ligaments must be determined preoperatively in order to avoid
intraoperative complications.
Surgical treatment of shoulder rotator cuff injuries
Authors: Ninkovic Srdjan , Simnjanovski Marko , Harhaji Vladimir , Kovacev Nemanja , Janjic Natasa , Obradovic Mirko
Published: July 2014

Introduction. The rotator cuff is the most important functional structure of
the shoulder. The aim of this study was to determine which factors contribute
to a rotator cuff injury and to evaluate the results of the surgical
treatment at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology in Novi
Sad since December 2009 until May 2012. Material and Methods. The study
sample consisted of 20 patients who had been operated for a shoulder rotator
cuff injury. Their mean age was 56.8 ? 9.1. Results. According to the
Constant Shoulder Score, 75% of the patients had excellent and good results.
A statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was found between Constant
Shoulder Score of the operated should and the opposite shoulder as well as
between the range of external and internal rotation and abduction. After the
surgical treatment, 95% of the patients have no limitations in the activities
of daily living and they are satisfied with the results of treatment.
Conclusion. Surgical treatment of a shoulder rotator cuff injury is reliable,
time-tested and provides good clinical results especially in patients who
were operated within the first three weeks after the injury.
Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Groundnut (Cercospora Arachidicola & Cercosporidium Personatum) Through the use of Systemic Fungicides
Authors: Khan A.R. , Ijaz M. , Haq I.U. , Farzand A. , Tariqjaved M.
Published: July 2014

Various fungal diseases reduce groundnut yield but Cercospora leaf spot commonly called, Tikka disease is most detrimental one. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides and their doses on Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut. Five different fungicides (Chlorothalonil, Propineb, Mancozeb, Nativo and Triazole) having three different doses (prescribed, half & prescribed+half) were used to control Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut. Groundnut variety (YH-14) highly susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot was used. The experiment was laid down in RCBD design. The data were analyzed statistically by Fisher's analysis of variance technique. Results showed that maximum disease control with high pod yield was observed with Nativo and Triazole treatments. Efficacy of Chlorothalonil was also better than Mancozeb and Propineb. Maximum disease control and pod yield was observed when Nativo was used @ 0.97g/L of water, followed by @ 0.65g/L and 0.32 g/L, respectively. Propineb was the least effective in controlling Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut as well as having minimum pod yield.
Energy Research in the Czech Republic and Abroad - International Cooperation in Research and Development
Authors: Kučera Zdenčk , Vondrák Tomáš , Frank Daniel
Published: July 2014

Integrace českého výzkumu a vývoje v oblasti energetiky do meziná-rodních programů otevírá možnosti účasti na finančnč náročných pro-jektech a iniciativách, které nelze realizovat na národní úrovni. Cílem příspčvku je posoudit s využitím kvantitativních indikátorů, jak se ČR zapojuje do mezinárodních projektů VaV a jaká je úroveň výsledků této spolupráce v publikační sféře. Oborová struktura zapojení ČR v meziná-rodním energetickém výzkumu je značnč nevyrovnaná. Celkovč v zapojení v 7. rámcovém programu je ČR na 26. místč z EU-28, avšak v oblasti jaderné energetiky (program EURATOM) je česká účast pomčrnč vyso-ká a v tematické prioritč Jaderné štčpení tohoto programu patří české výzkumné týmy k nejaktivnčjším. Nízká úroveň participace v mezinárodních aktivitách se odráží i v celkovč nízkém podílu českých publikací v energetických oborech vytvořených v mezinárodní spolupráci, v nichž dominují práce zaměřené na oblast jaderné energetiky. Velmi nízké za-stoupení v mezinárodních publikacích má oblast obnovitelných zdrojů.
Neuromuscular Responses of Elite Skaters During Different Roller Figure Skating Jumps
Authors: Pantoja Patrícia Dias , Mello André , Liedtke Giane Veiga , Kanitz Ana Carolina , Cadore Eduardo Lusa , Pinto Stephanie Santana , Alberton Cristine Lima , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to describe the neuromuscular activity of elite athletes who performed various roller figure skating jumps, to determine whether the muscle activation is greater during jumps with more rotations and in which phase the muscles are more active. This study also aimed to analyze if there is any difference in the muscle activity pattern between female and male skaters. Four elite skaters were evaluated, and each participated in two experimental sessions. During the first session, anthropometric data were collected, and the consent forms were signed. For the second session, neuromuscular data were collected during jumps, which were performed with skates at a rink. The following four roller figure skating jumps were evaluated: single Axel, double Axel, double Mapes and triple Mapes. The neuromuscular activity of the following seven muscles was obtained with an electromyograph which was fixed to the waist of each skater with a strap: biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and gluteus maximus. The signal was transmitted wirelessly to a laptop. During the roller figure skating jumps, the lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus, showed more activation during the jumps with more rotations, and the activation mainly occurred during the propulsion and flight phases. Female skaters demonstrated higher muscle activities in tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and gluteus maximus during the landing phase of the triple Mapes, when compared to their male counterparts. The results obtained in this study should be considered when planning training programs with specific exercises that closely resemble the roller figure skating jumps. This may be important for the success of elite skaters in competitions.
Isokinetic Leg Strength and Power in Elite Handball Players
Authors: González-Ravé José M. , Juárez Daniel , Rubio-Arias Jacobo A. , Clemente-Suarez Vicente J , Martinez-Valencia María A , Abian-Vicen Javier
Published: July 2014

Isokinetic strength evaluation of the knee flexion and extension in concentric mode of contraction is an important part of the comprehensive evaluation of athletes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the isokinetic knee peak torque in both the extension and flexion movement in the dominant and non-dominant leg, and the relationship with jumping performance. Twelve elite male handball players from the top Spanish handball division voluntary participated in the study (age 27.68 ± 4.12 years; body mass 92.89 ± 12.34 kg; body height 1.90 ± 0.05 m). The knee extensor and flexor muscle peak torque of each leg were concentrically measured at 60°/s and 180°/s with an isokinetic dynamometer. The Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump were performed on a force platform to determine power and vertical jump height. Non-significant differences were observed between legs in the isokinetic knee extension (dominant= 2.91 ± 0.53 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 2.70 ± 0.47 Nm/kg at 60°/s; dominant = 1.90 ± 0.31 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.83 ± 0.29 Nm/kg at 180°/s) and flexion peak torques (dominant = 1.76 ± 0.29 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.72 ± 0.39 Nm/kg at 60°/s; dominant = 1.30 ± 0.23 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.27 ± 0.35 Nm/kg at 180°/s). Low and non-significant correlation coefficients were found between the isokinetic peak torques and vertical jumping performance (SJ = 31.21 ± 4.32 cm; CMJ = 35.89 ± 4.20 cm). Similar isokinetic strength was observed between the legs; therefore, no relationship was found between the isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak torques as well as vertical jumping performance in elite handball players.
Evaluation of freshly prepared juice from garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a biopesticide against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Nwachukwu Ifeanyi Daniel , Asawalam Elechi Franca
Published: July 2014

Freshly prepared garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice, containing the antimicrobial allicin, was evaluated as a possible grain pro-tectant against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Each experiment was set out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, and there was a control treatment. Adult mortality and weight loss percentage were investigated. There was an observed increase in adult mortality following days of exposure in all treatments. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced grain loss was also observed in all the treatments when compared with the control. The juice samples were freshly prepared from an indigenous Nigerian garlic cultivar (GUN) and a cultivar purchased from a supermarket in Germany (GAG). These garlic juice samples exhibited lethal effects causing at least 90% adult mortality in contact toxicity tests. The amount of allicin in GUN was 1.88 mg/ml according to High Pressure Liquids Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while the amount of allicin in GAG was 3.50 mg/ml. This study highlights the potential of A. sativum containing allicin for biorational control of maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and damage.
Palaeo-earthquake events during the late Early Palaeozoic in the central Tarim Basin (NW China): evidence from deep drilling cores
Authors: He Bizhu , Qiao Xiufu , Jiao Cunli , Xu Zhiqin , Cai Zhihui , Guo Xianpu , Zhang Yinli
Published: July 2014

Various millimetre-, centimetre- and metre-scale soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) have been identified in the Upper Ordovician and Lower-Middle Silurian from deep drilling cores in the Tarim Basin (NW China). These structures include liquefied-sand veins, liquefaction-induced breccias, boudinage-like structures, load and diapir- or flame-like structures, dish and mixed-layer structures, hydroplastic convolutions and seismic unconformities. The deformed layers are intercalated by undeformed layers of varying thicknesses that are petrologically and sedimentologically similar to the deformed layers.

The SSDS developed in a shelf environment during the early Late Ordovician and formed initially under shear tensile stress conditions, as indicated by boudinage-like structures; during the latest Ordovician, SSDS formed under a com-pressional regime. The SSDS in the Lower-Middle Silurian consist mainly of mixed layers and sand veins; they formed in shoreline and tidal-flat settings with liquefaction features indicating an origin under a compressional stress regime. By Silurian times, the centre of tectonic activity had shifted to the south-eastern part of the basin.

The SSDS occur at different depths in wells that are close to the syn-sedimentary Tazhong 1 Fault (TZ1F) and associated reversed-thrust secondary faults. Based on their characteristics, the inferred formation mechanism and the spatial association with faults, the SSDS are interpreted as seismites. The Tazhong 1 fault was a seismogenic fault during the later Ordovician, whereas the reversed-direction secondary faults became active in the Early-Middle Silurian.

Multiple palaeo-earthquake records reflect pulses and cyclicity, which supports secondary tectonic activity within the main tectonic movement. The range of SSDS structures reflects different developments of tectonic activity with time for the various tectonic units of the centralbasin. The effects of the strong palaeo-earthquake activity coincide with uplift, fault activity and syn-tectonic sedimentation in the study area during the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.
Late Pleistocene-Holocene earthquake-induced slumps and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Acequion River valley, Central Precordillera, Argentina
Authors: Perucca Laura P , Godoy Enrique , Pantano Ana
Published: July 2014

Evidence of earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the Acequión river valley, central western Argentina, is analysed. Well-preserved soft-sediment deformation structures are present in Late Pleistocene deposits; they include two large slumps and several sand dikes, convolutions, pseudonodules, faults, dish structures and diapirs in the basal part of a shallow-lacustrine succession in the El Acequión River area. The water-saturated state of these sediments favoured deformation.

All structures were studied in a natural trench created as a result of erosion by a tributary of the Acequión River, called El Mono Creek. They form part of a large-scale slump system. Two slumps occur in the western portion of the trench and must have moved towards the ENE (70°), where the depocentre of the Boca del Acequión area is situated. Considering the spatial relationship with Quaternary faults, the slumps are interpreted as being due to a seismic event. The thickest dikes in the El Mono Creek trench occur in the eastern portion of the trench, indicating that the responsible earthquake was located to the east of the study area, probably at the Cerro Salinas fault system zone.

The slumps, sand dikes and other soft-sediment deformation features are interpreted as having been triggered by earthquakes, thus providing a preliminary palaeoseismic record of the Cerro Salinas fault system and extending the record of moderate-to high-magnitude earthquakes in central western Argentina to the Late Pleistocene.
Interviewing in the Medical Context: Questions, Answers, Assessments – An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Gyurό Monika
Published: July 2014

There has been a large amount of research done on doctor-patient encounters analysing the linguistic and discursive peculiarities occurring in these interactions. Though many relevant features of medical interviewing are well-known to the scientific public, there are still areas for further investigation. One of these areas is the sequential organisation of the dialogues between patients and doctors.

This paper aims to show the pragmatic means that contribute to the efficacy of doctor-patient talk. As a method, the contribution applies the Sociocognitive Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis. The sequential organisation of therapeutic dialogues involves the use of particular speech acts (questions, answers, assessments) that are characteristic of the comforting and confirming procedures of the therapist. The paper intends to analyse the parts of the therapeutic interview (initiation, exploration and termination) to show patient-centredness in interviewing and the sequential organisation of empathy and confirmation with the help of an interview transcript between a doctor and patient after a renal transplant.
Multigeneric Intertextuality in Advertising: Discourse Strategy from a Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Katarína Nemčoková
Published: July 2014

Advert recipients have wide-ranging experiences of perceiving other texts. When these experiences become the basis of perceiving advert messages, we speak of intertextuality operating as a discourse strategy. This paper studies multigeneric intertextuality in printed advertising, i.e. delivering an advert message through a register or text-form typical of other genres, for which discourse analysis and the genre studies perspective are adapted. From the cognitive linguistics perspective, it focuses on how the experience becomes the basis of building an emotive and attitudinal layer of meaning via exploring the recipient's mental space. The article studies cues signalling intertextual processing, specifically cues of socially determined discourses such as cooking recipes, warning signs, computer-mediated communication, scientific discussions or travel brochures, which may function as mental space inducing cues in the collected adverts. It also deals with how intertextuality in adverts can be scaled and how the level of explicitness relates to promoting various categories of products.
Development and Evaluation of a Canine Laparoscopic Simulator for Veterinary Clinical Training
Authors: Usón-Gargallo Jesús , Tapia-Araya Angelo E. , Díaz-Güemes Martin-Portugués Idoia , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M.
Published: July 2014

Human laparoscopic simulators have been used in medical education for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the past years. Simulator-based laparoscopic training has attracted much interest because unique skills have to be learned not only by surgeons in training but also by surgeons in practice. MIS forces the surgeon to adapt to monocular vision and decreased tactile sensation and entails training and improving hand-eye and hand-hand coordination. Those skills require a learning curve that could be overcome gradually with use of simulators. The Canine Laparoscopic Simulator (CLS) for laparoscopic training was developed based on the working and optical space obtained from computed tomography (CT) scan images of three Beagle dogs. Thirty veterinarians (expert group, n=7; novice group, n=23) performed basic laparoscopic exercises in one training session on the CLS. During the performance of the exercises, an experienced laparoscopic veterinarian assessed all the tasks. Afterwards, participants were asked to complete an anonymous survey describing their experience. Most participants expressed positive opinions about the design and usability of the CLS. There were no significant differences between the two groups' opinions. The CLS showed good preliminary acceptance in the basic laparoscopy tasks by veterinarians. They perceived it to be a good training tool, and these results suggest that CLS is an engaging tool for education but still has some limitations inherent in training boxes. Further studies would be needed to establish the validity of training programs performed in the CLS.
Options for a National Framework for Benefit Distribution and Their Relation to Community-Based and National REDD+ Monitoring
Authors: Skutsch Margaret , Turnhout Esther , Vijge Marjanneke , Herold Martin , Wits Tjeerd , Den Besten Jan , Torres Arturo
Published: July 2014

Monitoring is a central element in the implementation of national REDD+ and may be essential in providing the data needed to support benefit distribution. We discuss the options for benefit sharing systems in terms of technical feasibility and political acceptability in respect of equity considerations, and the kind of data that would be needed for the different options. We contrast output-based distribution systems, in which rewards are distributed according to performance measured in terms of carbon impacts, with input-based systems in which performance is measured in term of compliance with prescribed REDD+ activities. Output-based systems, which would require regular community carbon inventories to produce Tier 3 data locally, face various challenges particularly for the case of assessing avoided deforestation, and they may not be perceived as equitable. Input-based systems would require data on activities undertaken rather than change in stocks; this information could come from community-acquired data. We also consider how community monitored data could support national forest monitoring systems and the further development of national REDD+.
Pregnancy Loss Following Amniocentesis or CVS Sampling—Time for a Reassessment of Risk
Authors: Ogilvie Caroline , Akolekar Ranjit
Published: July 2014

Risk of procedure-related pregnancy loss is currently widely quoted in the UK as 1% for amniocentesis and 1.5% for chorionic villus sampling. Published data suggest that these risk figures are out of date and inaccurate, and that new guidelines are required for pre-test counseling. It is our opinion that accurate and evidence-based information concerning miscarriage risk is vital when counseling women, as exaggeration of this risk may deter women from testing, or cause unjustified remorse if a miscarriage ensues. It is also essential that health-care economists are aware of the up-to-date evidence on “procedure-related risk” when applying risk-benefit analysis to assess new technology for non-invasive screening.
Deciding for Others: Surrogates Struggling with Health Care Decisions
Authors: Sorrell Jeanne M.
Published: July 2014

As the number of older adults in our society increases, surrogate decision makers are increasingly likely to be called on to make complex, and often agonizing, health care decisions for loved ones. Recent studies of surrogate decision making have described the decision-making process as overwhelming and stressful. Nurses play an important role in helping family members to make meaningful decisions with less stress. Nurses who serve as educators, advocates, and compassionate listeners can help reduce the deleterious effects of surrogates’ difficult decisions. It is important that nurses and other health care professionals find effective ways to support surrogates who struggle with making decisions for others. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52
(7), 17–21.]
Technology and the Memetic Self
Authors: Falck Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2014

This chapter provides an overview of current theories in philosophy of mind as they relate to cultural and technological evolution. The focus is to examine the influence of technology on identity formation by introducing the concept of “narrative consciousness,” the process of constructing a memetic self model, or “selfplex.” The human capacity to construct a “selfplex” evolved from an imitation-based system of memetic replication, enabled by and coevolved with technology over the last 50,000 years. The chapter examines the following four points: (1) an introduction of the idea of “narrative consciousness”; (2) a reframing of technology as “tools that enable imitation and sharing,” thereby facilitating the development of memes and the selfplex; (3) societal implications of narrative consciousness; and (4) the cultural influence of Human Enhancement Technologies (HET) on the selfplex and practical considerations for practitioners.
A Military Transitional Year Professionalism Curriculum
Authors: Edwards Mary , Sterbis Joseph R. , Olson Holly L.
Published: July 2014

Background

Development of professionalism is a critical component of a military transitional year residency. Little published research exists to guide programs in meeting this challenge.

Objective and Methods

After significant concerns regarding resident professionalism were raised by Tripler Army Medical Center faculty, a novel transitional residency professionalism curriculum was conceived and implemented. Universal expectations of physician professionalism, as perceived by various stakeholders (patients, parents, faculty, and nurses), were explored using a small group, discussion-based curriculum. This was combined with a small group, discussion-based, lessons-learned project and a military-unique curriculum.

Results

Since implementation, the curriculum has had 100% satisfaction on the part of the faculty and 80% to 100% on the part of the residents, as measured by annual review surveys. Although resident professionalism scores on evaluations did not change significantly, the number of adverse actions because of professionalism lapses has decreased steadily in the 4 years since inception, and the program has been without any such actions for the past 18 months.

Conclusions

Our novel transitional residency professionalism curriculum has been successful in a military residency program.
Tourism Destination Competitiveness: The Spanish Mediterranean Case
Authors: Sánchez Antonio García , López David Siles
Published: July 2014

The authors analyse the concept of competitiveness and then apply this concept to tourist destinations. The objective is to measure tourism destination competitiveness in the regions of the Spanish Mediterranean coast to provide tourism policymakers with tools to improve destination competitiveness. Through a review of the literature, the authors identify the indicators that may explain competitiveness. They then select the variables and determine their quantitative effect on destination competitiveness in Spanish Mediterranean regions. The findings enable a better understanding of tourism destination competitiveness. Finally, the authors comment on the relationship between competitiveness and prosperity.
Incorporating water production and carbon sequestration into forest management planning: a case study in Yalnızçcam planning unit
Authors: Baskent E. Z. , Mumcu Küçüker D.
Published: July 2014

Sustainable forest management requires smart integration of forest values both to control forest ecosystems and to satisfy the needs and expectations of stakeholders. This research initiative aimed to integrate water and carbon values into forest management plan and explain their effects on forest dynamics. Alternative management strategies with a mix of management objectives maximizing the amount or NPV (Net Present Value) of timber, carbon and water production along with constraints such as area, volume control and ending inventory were developed. A linear programming (LP) model with a planning horizon of 100 years and periods of 10 years was developed. Model outputs as NPV and amounts of timber, water and carbon were used as performance indicators to discuss forest dynamics under various management strategies. The results showed that water NPV aimed strategies (*W) provided minimum timber production and maximum water production. Besides, even though timber NPV aimed strategies (*T) obtained maximum NPV of timber as expected, surprisingly maximum timber and carbon production were provided by carbon NPV aimed strategies (*C) due mainly to afforestation of large forest openings in the case study area. The results indicated that the performance of a management strategy depends highly on the contents of a strategy and the initial forest structure aside from the growth rate.
Pataraya: The Archaeology of a Wari Outpost in Nasca
Authors: Edwards Matthew J. , Schreiber Katharina
Published: July 2014

The research reported in this article explores Wari imperial strategies in the upper Nasca Valley of south-central Peru and, building on previous research, documents the flexibility and diversity of those strategies. The focus of these investigations is the site of Pataraya, a small Wari provincial outpost, and its environs. Despite its size, the rectangular enclosure at Pataraya is well planned and conforms to the canons of Wari state architecture documented at other Wari provincial sites. The site was founded early in the Middle Horizon (A.D. 650-1000) and then abandoned during the collapse of the Wari system. Extensive excavation at this condensed version of the Wari building tradition—over 60 percent—uncovered a pattern of spatially segregated use and access within the enclosure. Activities were relegated to specific patio groups with little replication of function, and the sectors themselves were connected by an astonishingly complex system of narrow corridors. The site appears to have been involved in the transfer of coastal products, especially cotton, to the sierra along an ancient road that is also associated with another much larger Wari compound and with the reorganization of an older local site near modern-day Uchuymarca, both of which were also documented during the project.
Bed load fluctuations in a steep channel
Authors: Ghilardi Tamara , Franca Mário J. , Schleiss Anton J.
Published: July 2014

Bed load transport rate fluctuations have been observed over time in steep rivers and flumes with wide grain size distributions even under constant sediment feeding and water discharge. The observed bed load transport rate pulses are periodic and a consequence of grain sorting. Moreover, the presence of large, relatively immobile boulders, such as erratic stones, which are often present in mountain streams, has an impact on flow conditions. The detailed analysis of a 13 h laboratory experiment is presented in this paper. Boulders were randomly placed in a flume with a steep slope (6.7%), and water and sediment were constantly supplied to the flume. Along with the sediment transport and bulk mean flow velocity, the boulder protrusion, boulder surface, and number of hydraulic jumps, which are indicators of the channel morphology, were measured regularly during the experiment. Periodic bed load transport rate pulses are clearly visible in the data collected during this long‐duration experiment, along with correlated fluctuations in the flow velocity and bed morphology. The links among the bulk velocity, the time evolution of the morphology variables, and the bed load transport rate are analyzed via correlational analysis, showing that the fluctuations are strongly related. A phase analysis of all observed variables is performed, and the average shapes of the time cycles of the fluctuations are shown. Observations indicate that the detected periodic fluctuations correspond to different bed states. Furthermore, the grain size distribution through the channel, which varies in time and space, clearly influences these bed load transport rate pulses. Finally, known bed load transport rate formulae are tested, showing that only the application of a drag shear stress allows a correct estimation of the time fluctuations.