bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of formulas of calendar-ritual and marriage semantics in spring and wedding cycles songs
Authors: Trehubov D. , Trehubova I.
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to review the basics of the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people in the direction of self-understanding and self-identification. Restoration of historical layers of meanings of rituals and the corresponding songs allows to recreate ways of formation of the nation as a whole.
The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret in the song plot “bawdry of a girl” a number of formulas that are used to reveal the subtext of the events being spoken.
The methodology. The article analyzes and systematizes the use of stable formulas within the song plot “bawdry of a girl” and related to him. The application of the selected formulas in the historical aspect to the older examples of song creativity is traced: carols, Christmas carols, spring songs and bathing songs. The research was conducted for the basics of this plot as a reflection of the cult of water and the sun.
The results. The formulas of the plot “bawdry of a girl” (or “girl-spring”) are highlighted: “Three”, treats with drinks, meeting guests, traveling in three stages, a braid, burning a tree, drowning a girl, the promise of a better life, a girl’s conversation during the burning (drowning), a girl-Galya, a guy-Cossack. It is proved that this plot is connected with the movement of the sun, because according to the worldview of the ancient inhabitants of Ukraine, the sun was born somewhere along the Don, and behind the Danube — “died”. It has been determined that standing under a burning pine tree is similar to meeting dawn, and moving towards the Danube moving towards the Danube (from the Don to home) or immersion in the Danube means a ritual death when a girl’s transitions to marriage. An interpretation of the song “The Cossacks rode” was created: a girl with a boyfriend-groom and suitors after a ritual treat went on a ritual journey for a wedding initiation in the woods, where she met the dawn under a pine tree and the groom confirmed it.
The scientific topicality of this study is the use of systematic formula analysis to establish the basics of folk song, which allowed to reformulate the plot of “bawdry of a girl” as a “girl-spring” and separate the later layers from the original plot.
The practical results of this study are the systematization of formulas found in the tragic songs of the spring-wedding cycle within the plot of the “bawdry of a girl”. The paper shows that each of the considered formulas is found in carols, Christmas carols, spring songs and Kupala songs, which allows to combine with them the content of the plot under consideration. Analysis of the formulas used in the plot allows you to see in it the elements of the cults of the sun and water.
Investigation Techniques & Modern Technology
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Aziz ur Rehman Hafiz
Published: July 2021

The scientific knowledge and skills are the result of sophisticated methods where the liability of courts and investigation process has been increased during the last couple of decades. The use of technology and different other similar modern methods are helpful in the detection of offenders, and it is the revolutionary evaluation of investigation techniques. Since the offenders are also using different techniques for their criminal activities, so the use of technology is becoming more necessary for tracking the criminals. Both police and courts are using modern techniques of investigation with the use of modern technology for the detection of violent crimes and criminal activities. This paper examines the impact of modern technology on the investigation process and working mechanism of police and courts. Further, it elucidates the importance of modern technology and its impact upon the investigation process along with the outcome of criminal investigations.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Morocco 1992
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Morocco Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Namibia 1992
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Namibia Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Niger 1998
Authors:   Population Council
Published: July 2021

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Niger Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
Selection of target genes for pcr diagnostics of Xanthomonas arboricola virulent for cereals and brassicas
Authors: Kyrova* E. I. , Ignatov A. N.
Published: July 2021

Plant pathogenic xanthomonads virulent to wheat, rye, barley, tomato, sunflower, and brassicas were isolated in Russia in 2001–2008. Physiological tests and multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed their position within the Xanthomonas arboricola species. The obtained draft genome sequence of representative strain 3004 from barley plants, which is also virulent to sunflower, brassicas, and chestnut, demonstrated an absence of the Type 3 Secretion System T3SS and an evidence for the lateral gene transfer of some other virulence genes from distantly related bacteria. It was concluded that T4SS genes can be used as the target for group-specific PCR analysis of the emerging pathogen. It was proposed to use virD4, virB3, virB4, and virB9 genes to design a detection system. After preliminary experiments with classic PCR for the chosen genes, primers and TaqMan(R) probe were designed to specifically amplify a 121 bp fragment of the VirD4 gene. Amplification products were obtained for all target Xanthomonas arboricola strains and were not detected in other Xanthomonas species, or in other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these host plants. The assay readily detected Xanthomonas arboricola infection in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on semi-selective media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods.
The relationship between sarcopenia and nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: DAŞDEMİR İLKHAN Gülay , ARSLAN Selay , ARMAN Yücel , ALTUN Özgür , CELİKHİSAR Hakan , TÜKEK Tufan
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the levels of adipocytokines anorexigenic nesfatin-1 and orexigenic ghrelin levels and body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, muscle strength and sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Material and Method: The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of COPD. Body mass index (BMI), body fat and muscle measurements were measured with bioelectrical impedance device. A hand-grip strength test was performed with a hand dynamometer to determine muscle strength. We used the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council Questionnaire) questionnaire to measure the intensity of dyspnea during daily activities. A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to test functional capacity and physical exercise tolerance. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was performed to determine the health status. Serum nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels were measured in all patients.

Results: In a total of 90 patients (16 female and 74 male) were included in the study prospectively. There was not any significant difference regarding the Nesfatin-1, ghrelin and Nesfatin-1/ghrelin ratio between mild/moderate or severe COPD patients. Muscle strength was correlated positively with 6MWT, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels, but negatively correlated with CAT score and mMRC score. The number of patients in the advanced stage of COPD was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group.

Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between muscle strength and nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels. However, muscle strength was negatively correlated with mMRC and CAT scores. Approximately 19% of COPD patients had sarcopenia. Serum nesfatin-1 and ghrelin levels were not different between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic COPD patients.
The effect of gender differences on the use of valproic acid for migraine prophylaxis
Authors: TEPE Nermin
Published: July 2021

Aim: The efficacy of the drugs used for migraine prophylaxis remains unclear. At our headache polyclinic, when we observed the difference in prophylactic response especially in valproic acid (VA) treatment between genders, the response of male was found to be better than that of females so we wanted to document this difference by collecting data retrospectively

Material and Method: 46 chronic migraine without aura patients with VA who were enrolled in our headache outpatient clinic between 2015 - 2018 were included in the study (29 male, 17 female). In these patients, after VA the frequency of montly attacks between sexes, changes in VAS (Visual analogue scale) scores, single VA prophylaxis and the addition of a second prophylaxis drug were evaluated.

Results: None of the men needed an additional second drug while 11 of 17 women needed the addition of a second drug. There was no gender difference in monthly attack frequency before treatment, whereas monthly attack frequency after treatment with VA was found to be significantly lower in men ( before treatment; female 20,9±11,3 male 17,7±11,5, p>0.05) (after treatment; male 1,2±5,5 female 12,0±12,2, p0.05)(after treatment; female 4,4±2,8 male 2,3±2,8, p
Adaptation of COVID-19 risk perception and COVID-19 prevention guidelines compliance scales to Turkish: a validity and reliability study
Authors: KARATANA Özlem , KAYA Nazlı , İŞCİ Emre
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to make Turkish adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Covid-19 Risk Perception and Covid-19 Prevention Guideline Compliance scales.

Material and Method: The Covid-19 Risk Perception and Covid-19 Prevention Guideline Compliance scales administered to a total of 385 healthcare workers (Emergency medical technician, paramedic, ambulance driver etc.) and 50 healthcare workers were retested two weeks later. The opinions of 10 experts were taken for the content validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the construct validity, the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency, and the test-retest reliability was performed and the results were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis.

Results: It can be concluded that an agreement among experts according to the results of the content validity index of the Turkish version of Covid-19 Risk Perception scale was found to be 0.91, the Covid-19 prevention guideline compliance scale was found to be 1. The test-retest reliability correlation of the scales was 0.85.

Conclusion: Covid-19 Risk Perception and the Covid-19 prevention guideline compliance scales were suitable for Turkish culture, and they are valid and reliable.
BUSINESS REPUTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON FINANCIAL STABILITY OF BANKS
Authors:   Odesa National Economic University, Kovalenko Victoria V.
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author considers the main aspects of the impact of goodwill on the financial stability of banks. It is substantiated that among the numerous threats that lead to financially unstable development of the banking business, a special place should be given to the support of banks’ business reputation. The main reasons are the phenomena of financial instability caused not only by the cyclical development of the economy, but also the ability to take into account a certain state in which the financial system is able to: effectively allocate resources, assess and manage financial risks, absorb shocks. It is proved that the relationship between business reputation and financial stability is determined by the characteristics of the conceptual apparatus; the system of risks to which they are exposed in the course of their activities; methodical approaches to assessing their level. The author concludes that the key challenges for the banking business in the context of digital transformation should be considered from the standpoint of customer interests, from the standpoint of investors (owners) of the banking business and from the standpoint of the regulator. In today’s realities, when the systemic banking crisis has imposed on a large-scale economic, the decisive factor for success and continued activity in the market is the quality of business reputation. The methods of quantitative assessment of the bank’s business reputation include balance-normative, methods of additional and excess profits, methods of royalties and residual value, the method of rating and comprehensive assessment. It is proved that the level of business reputation is related to the life cycle of banks, which includes the stages of formation, growth, maturity and decline. Measures to ensure business reputation depending on the stage of development of the bank are considered. Both the business reputation and financial stability are affected by the established image of the bank. The article states that a positive image is able to maintain the bank in times of financial instability. It is determined that depending on the group of users (non-financial corporations, households, government agencies or social organizations) the image of the bank should be different and meet all requirements.It is determined that a modern bank is not only an institution of the financial market, but also a financial institution for which social role and reputation in social and economic relations become the primary criteria for ensuring their competitive position.
CHINA’S INVESTMENT CLIMATE AND IT’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENT
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Shkura Iryna S. , Shepotko Kseniia O. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the factors affecting China’s investment attractiveness, the features of creating a favorable investment climate in China, and investigates new trends of FDI in China. The article highlights the main directions of attracting foreign direct investment in the Chinese economy. The paper aims to systematize the theoretical aspects of the state’s investment attractiveness and analyze the investment attractiveness of the Chinese economy at the present stage of development. The purpose of the article is to determine the PRC’s contribution to global sustainable development, taking into account the fact that the PRC is strengthening its position in the world arena due to the inflow of foreign investments. The article initially examines the role of foreign direct investment in the development of the state’s economy. Each country has a specific approach to attracting foreign investment, which is predetermined by the level of socio-economic development, the degree of external openness, and the established objectives. Therefore, the first stage of the research was an analysis of investment inflows and outflows. Changes that took place due to the implementation of the “open door” policy were considered. Then the advantages and disadvantages of China’s policies aimed at stimulating foreign investment were analyzed in detail. We studied the state and dynamics of investment processes in the PRC, examined the specifics of the regional and sectoral structure of foreign investment in China, evaluated the economic essence and classification of foreign investment, forms and methods of state regulation of foreign investment, as well as some aspects of the legal regulation of investment activity in China. We have systematized the main advantages and risks of the PRC investment climate. It was found that, despite the significant investment attractiveness of China, there are many investment risks. Still, the Chinese government continues reforms aimed at improving the investment climate of the state. A review of China’s position in the ratings of investment attractiveness, such as the Ease of doing the business score, the Global Competitiveness Index, and the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index was carried out. It was made an intermediate conclusion that foreign capital is increasingly rushing to developing countries, especially to the dynamically developing economies of the BRIC countries, the undisputed leader in attracting foreign investment among which is China. The work results give every reason to predict the growth of foreign investment in the PRC’s economy since the country is characterized by stable and positively dynamic development. It is also assumed that the inflow of investments into the PRC’s economy is reciprocal since China is smoothly turning from a recipient of investments into an investor ready to contribute to global sustainable development.
COVID-2019 effects for Ukraine
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Mahdich Alisa S.
Published: July 2021

In current paper, we have discussed the impacts of the COVID-2019 pandemic on the economy of Ukraine and the responsive actions taken in order to find out the areas of adaptation needed to focus on. In the paper, we have mainly focused on the effects of COVID-2019 on agriculture, exports, tourism and retail. Our research has shown that agriculture, as outdoor business with minimal human resources, had the least quarantine restrictions. Large agricultural holdings, which experience political protectionism and excessive financial capacity, did not feel adverse effects of quarantine to same extent as small and medium farms, which faced greatest losses. During pandemic Ukrainian exporters of agricultural products did not face a decline in demand for agriculture products that also contributed to good resilience of agriculture in terms of COVID-2019. Quarantine restrictions have generally had an adverse impact on domestic exports, mainly due to a decline in international traffic. Ukrainian exporters faced significantly increased transport costs. Another negative effect of the COVID-2019 for domestic exporters was the removal of customers from the contracts, increased receivables and lower contract prices. In terms of quarantine measures, the profits of Ukrainian exporters have decreased. The tourism industry of Ukraine was the first to feel the effects of the active phase of quarantine. As a result, one of the most affected by quarantine restrictions were tourists, resort and recreational and health facilities Trade in food is considered to be strategic area of Ukrainian trade. Quarantine restrictions have considerably affected the retail sector. In terms of strict quarantine restrictions, the food and economic markets completely stopped functioning. As a result of pandemic there was an explosive growth of online stores of grocery retailers. Our research helped to figure out what areas should be prioritized to recover from COVID-2019 crises.
Petrarchan Contexts of John Donne�s Spiritual Lyrics
Authors:   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Markova Maryana V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the connection of the famous English poet, prose writer and preacher John Donne�s (1572�1631) works with the Petrarchan discourse of the European literature. The purpose of the investigation is to reveal and interpret the elements of Petrarchism in spiritual lyrics of the author on the basis of systematic approach with the use of the genealogical and comparative typological methods. The most prominent cases of the traditional Petrarchan themes, motives and images usage in John Donne�s religious texts and the specifity of their functioning have been examined in this article. Our attention has been paid to the genetic interconnection between the courtly rhetoric, which had been inherited by Francesco Petrarch and his numerous followers from the Provencal troubadours, and the traditions of the European mysticism that causes the harmony of the Petrarchan interpretive contexts according to the spiritual lyrics of the writer. Already in his earliest works, in particular in the book �Songs and Sonnets�, John Donne did not avoid mixing the sacred and the profane, quite intensively using religious images and motifs in love poetry. But his Petrarchism is most notable in his �Holly Sonnets�. The poetry of this cycle is not about God at all, but about the author himself in his relationship with Lord. In these sonnets the writer describes his feelings for God in almost the same way as Francesco Petrarch described his love for Laura. In general, if we talk about Petrarchism in relation to the spiritual lyrics of John Donne, it should be noted that for the writer it was not only a convenient source of the �ready� artistic images, motifs or means of expression but a kind of a perfect artistic technique for expressing secret, deeply personal thoughts and emotions. The conclusion has been done that such typically Petrarchan ideas such as: the dedicated service to the object of feelings, slavish adoration, obedience and dependence on its inconstant wishes John Donne has managed to adapt to the special needs of the sacred genres in such a way that his texts look surprisingly attractive, interesting and clear to different readers. Despite his worldwide fame John Donne is still one of the least researched literary figures in Ukrainian science. The article is directed to study only one of many aspects of his many-sided artistic heritage which needs the comprehensive professional analysis of the literary theorists and historians. So this article can be used for the further investigation of the problems, connected with the Petrarchan discourse generally in English literature and particularly in John Donne�s works and the scientific results proposed in it can be used in writing course works, graduation works and thesis on the related themes.
Imaginative Possibilities of Harry Gordon`s Poetry
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Seifert �lena I.
Published: July 2021

The author of the article examines the lyrics of the poet and artist Harry Gordon through the category of intermediality, discovering the unique visual possibilities of his word when creating ekphrasises in the narrow sense of the word (�translations from the language of painting�) and works in the author`s artistic form � �daguerreotypes�. The use of the word as a pictorial tool to create artistic imagery by poet Harry Gordon is of scholarly interest. The study is based on the theory of intermediality. The category of �intermediality�, primarily known from the works of the German scholar Aage A. Hansen-Lowe, has been further developed by a number of scholars. Gordon�s landscapes appear as (framed) paintings; portraits are masterfully created; contour, colour, outline actively work along with the word. Literature does not belong to the expressive, but to the fine arts, which can display the contours of actual reality, but the share of representationalism in the poems and the optics of the artists of the word are undoubtedly different. Harry Gordon is a poet in poetry, a painter in painting. However, the intermediality and ekphrastic nature of his poetry is extremely interesting: the poet combines words, colours and outlines as a means of creating artistic imagery, he creates poems as �translations from the language of painting�, literary ekphrasis, works with a multiview lens. The art form, which Harry Gordon called the �daguerreotypes�, is often titled with visual motifs. Often these are images from the lyrical protagonist`s childhood, but a number of them belong to the present. They are mediators that take the protagonist back to the world of childhood, such as the alarm clock. Odessa and, more broadly, maritime motifs (�Dophinovka�, �Privoz�, �Bread Harbour�, �Liman�) are autobiographical. Gordon�s daguerreotypes are mostly images from his childhood, imprinted on the retina of the lyrical character. The lyrical protagonist is often an observer (sometimes the title even specifies the angle from which the observation is made: �At the window�), but often he is also the subject, sometimes observed by another lyrical character, or even an object mentioned but not in the picture. Often Gordon�s poetic pictures are filled with the gamut of experiences of the lyrical self, such as childhood fears, shame and embarrassment, lingering curiosity, excitement, a sense of freshness, longing, etc. With a clear predominance of visual motifs (and even endowing non-visible phenomena with the properties of the visual), Gordon�s �daguerreotype� depicts a picture with sound, smell, taste and tactile sensations. As a result of the study, it has been found that Gordon�s depiction is acquired by sound, olfactory, tactile, gustatory images, with the predominance of the visual, an exchange of signs is observed between the images generated by different senses.
CURRENT PROBLEM ISSUES OF FORMATION OF LEGAL CULTURE OF LAWYER
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Petkov Valeriy P.
Published: July 2021

The article outlines the problems of forming the legal culture of a lawyer, as an urgent requirement of the present, since the professional principles of lawyers must meet the highest moral values of society, and reliably defend the violated right, the successful solution of urgent problems of the state process directly depends on their professionalism. The level of development of any legal culture of society reflects the general conditions of legal consciousnesses, which are manifested through the implementation of legal activity, legal behavior. Today in Ukraine a high level of legal culture is not observed only among the ordinary citizen, but quite often it is not enough even for legislators, political leaders, heads of public organizations. It was found that the legal culture of a lawyer combines knowledge of legislation and the possibilities of legal science, the conviction of the necessity and social usefulness of laws and regulations, the ability to use legal instruments � laws and other legal acts in everyday activities, to resort to the use of all the achievements of legal science and practice when making and the design of solutions. The necessity is theoretically substantiated: to define a model of a specialist-lawyer and, as its component, a personality model and a training model. The specialist model must meet the requirements of the legal professional of the future; systematization and structuring of education not only by the level of education, but also by branches of law. The standard of legal education, the curricula of higher and secondary educational institutions should be optimized in terms of the structure and content of the relevant branch of law; when training law managers, it is necessary to take into account the shift in the meaning and goals of education towards the idea of self-expression and full disclosure of the capabilities and abilities of the individual; the paradigm shift of education from �education for life� to �education throughout life�. Thus, a law graduate must have professional knowledge, be convinced of their social feasibility and usefulness, be able to apply them in their professional activities, and strive for continuous self-improvement, because a high level of professional culture of a lawyer is an urgent requirement today. Because the professional culture of legal professionals directly affects the successful solution of pressing problems of the state-building process.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF PROBATION FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINE: CONCEPTUAL INNOVATIONS
Authors:   �lassical Private University, Hamburh Inna A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of innovations in scientific approaches and legal regulations on the organizational and legal framework for the functioning of probation in Ukraine, taking into account international experience and national specifics, the formulation of proposals for further development. It is established that with the help of European projects that contribute to the implementation of an effective probation system in Ukraine, our country is on the way to building its own perfect model of probation service as a major step towards global human rights standards. In addressing the issue of priority, turning criminals into law-abiding citizens or protecting society from recidivism, it seems to be a search for a balance (for example, between considering probation as a form of social work with criminals and as a form of alternative punishment). It is determined that the most optimal organization is the system enshrined in the Law of Ukraine �On Probation�, according to which the probation body is directly subordinated to the State Institution �Probation Center�. The probation body is formed by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the administrative-territorial units of Ukraine to ensure the implementation of the tasks of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. The activities of the Probation Center are directed and coordinated by the Deputy Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in accordance with the division of responsibilities. However, there are many inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the law. Therefore, a prerequisite for the effective operation of the probation service in Ukraine and the achievement of its goals is the following: first, amendments to the current law and adjustment or complete change of regulations, directly instructions governing the activities of the penitentiary inspections; secondly, the continuation of the holding. It is concluded that from the organizational and legal point of view, probation bodies should acquire the status of bodies that receive unlimited influence on a person, from the moment of initiating criminal proceedings to deciding the further fate of the convict during his execution and after release. Such an approach extends criminal enforcement activities far beyond criminal enforcement relationships, in fact trying to link their emergence with legal facts that are the basis for the existence of relations of a completely different type and nature. This, it seems, corresponds to the path chosen by Ukraine to build a legal, democratic, social state.
LEGAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: DEFINITION, STRUCTURE, PHILOSOPHICAL AND ATTITUDINAL FRAMEWORK
Authors:   National University of �Zaporizhia Polytechnic�, Bostan Sergey K.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the author�s perception of legal research methodology as multilayered, integral system of various methods which contribute to in-depth knowledge of essential, meaningful and formal features of law. The author defined its structure that consists of two levels (blocks) of methodological knowledge: philosophical and instrumental ones. The paper concentrates on philosophical and attitudinal level of methodological knowledge that has intrinsic structure: dominating perspective, scientific paradigm, style of scientific thinking and understanding. Dominating ideology is analyzed as the holistic set of prevailing values of people�s educational and practical activities. There are such kinds of perspective in the history of human civilization: mythological, theological and scientific. The scientific one is considered to be the dominating perspective nowadays. The focus of the study is on the style of scientific thinking as the way of cognitive position, formed by the research communities on the basis of historically entrenched, attitudinal, epistemological and logical standards. Its content is defined by scientific paradigm and technology-oriented research. The phenomenon manifests itself on different levels: philosophy of science in general, in particular sciences and even academic disciplines. As it is shown in the research scientific paradigm is the significant conception used by the research community as the basis for solving of some science-based tasks. In the branch of legal science�s paradigm is defined by different kinds of understanding of law. The main paradigms in legal sciences are the positivist and sociological ones. While the positivist paradigm is based on assimilation of the law and statute (acts of law), the sociological paradigm is based on their distinguishing. In some branches of legal sciences, there are more specific paradigms: human-oriented, humanistic, etc. The importance of basic principles of scientific cognition is highlighted as the common attitudinal regulations which foster the subject to receive objective knowledge. Among them are mentioned: principle of historism which requires definite, historically entrenched procedure for considering events; principle of objectivity which presupposes completely unbiased approach of facts selection; principle of social humanism which involves evaluation of legal phenomena in the universal value-centered light. The article demonstrates the methodological importance of philosophical and ideology level that lies in the opportunity to define conceptual way of legal research on the basis of scientific perspective, pluralistic style of thinking, appropriate paradigm of law and such cognitive principles as historism, objectivity and social humanism.
CURRENT STATE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF PENSION PROVISIONS OF PERSONS DISMISSED FROM MILITARY SERVICE
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Makarova Tatiana P.
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the current state of administrative and legal regulation of pensions of persons discharged from military service. The analysis of acts of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulate administrative and legal relations in the field of pension provision of the persons discharged from military service, in particular appointment and recalculation of pensions is carried out. The organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring and fulfilling Ukraine�s obligations regarding the constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service, as well as ways to improve it, is revealed. Problematic issues that arise in persons discharged from military service when applying to the competent authorities for the issuance of certificates confirming the right to a pension, and which confirm the right to recalculation of pensions. Problems when such persons apply to the bodies of the Pension Fund of Ukraine with applications for appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are also analysed. The causes of problems for persons discharged from military service regarding the appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are being studied, provided that a large number of normative documents are adopted by the state to regulate these issues. The urgency of the study lies in the need to regulate national legislation in the field of implementation of constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service in accordance with the concept of administrative and legal reform in Ukraine. This study substantiates the need to create and adopt a codified act � the Pension Code of Ukraine, which will promote the effectiveness of administrative and legal norms in the field of social protection of persons, including persons discharged from military service. The following editions were made during the writing of the articles. Public administration in the field of social and pension provision provides for the implementation of administrative procedures through open public activities, the use of clear legal instruments of democratic governance, streamlining public activities and providing administrative services to citizens to help realize their rights and freedoms. The norms formed within the framework of administrative law within the framework of the greatest development of the state-centric approach today play the role of a synergizing catalyst for the formalization of legal norms in various socio-economic spheres. The emergence of a new system of Ukrainian law on the division in accordance with the use, as a science, areas of law and practical law enforcement activities is now fully consistent with modern realities.
CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF EXTRAJUDICIAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (MEDIATION PROCEDURES)
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Bocharova Natalia V.
Published: July 2021

The constitutional bases of mediation in intellectual property cases related to the complex interdisciplinary legal institution of self-protection of rights are analyzed. The urgency of the topic is due to a combination of public and private law principles in modern legal regulation and the general process of constitutionalization of private law and intellectual property law, in particular. It is noted that the proclamation of the constitutional right to self-defense means the inclusion in the comprehensive system of human rights protection of additional ways that increase the effectiveness of its other components and enrich the constitutional human rights mechanism as a whole. In recent years, mediation has been recognized as one of the effective and promising ways of self-protection of intellectual property rights. Ukraine is just beginning to build the institution of mediation as a way to protect intellectual property rights. The research of Ukrainian scientists analyzes the situations when it is expedient and profitable to use mediation to resolve disputes in the field of intellectual property. At the same time, in some works of Ukrainian researchers, in the author�s opinion, there is an element of a certain underestimation of public law support for the right to self-defense, in particular copyright. We believe that the constitutional provisions on self-protection of rights should be used more widely in the development of doctrinal issues of mediation intellectual property matters, which should strengthen the civil aspects of the right to selfdefense and give the problem a broader human significance. The author is convinced that the methodology of the modern system of protection of intellectual property rights should be based on an anthropological approach, which means that the provision and protection of intellectual property rights should be carried out from the standpoint of guaranteeing individual rights. It is concluded that the practice proves the profitability and effectiveness of the use of mediation in disputes related to the protection of intellectual property rights. The full implementation of this institution in Ukraine will contribute not only to improving the protection of intellectual property, but also to ensuring the constitutional rights of man and citizen.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Radchenko A.O. , Kolesnikova O.V.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The study is relevant due to the increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) with age, as well as the presence of common developmental mechanism with aging processes, that is a violation of antioxidant protection. Given the changes in the antioxidant state with age, studying their relationship with biological age (BA) may be useful in this category of patients.

Objective: to study changes in antioxidant status in AH patients of various age categories and their relationship with calendar age (CA) and BA, calculated using two outpatient methods.

Materials and methods. The study included 96 patients with an average age of 50.8 ± 14.3 years (53.1% of women), who were divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=71) – patients with AH degrees 1-2 stages 1-2 with low and moderate cardiovascular risk, controls (n=25) – healthy patients randomized by age and sex. Patients of the main group were divided into subgroups depending on age: 25-44 years (n=21), 45-59 years (n=25) and over 60 years (n=25). Markers of antioxidant protection: total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were determined in all patients. BA was calculated using the method of A. G. Gorelkin and B. B. Pinkhasov (BA1) and V.P. Voitenko’s method (BA2 ).

Results. Patients of the main group had higher BA1 (p=0.024), BV2 (p=0.004), greater weight (p=0.010), body mass index (p=0.008), waist circumference (p=0.003). Also, there were tendencies towards an increase in TAC and a decrease in TAA in AH patients, compared with controls, although the differences were not significant. Correlation was found between CA and TAC (r=0.422; p=0.032) in the controls, and in the main group there was an association between CA and TAA (r=-0.357; p=0.003), the strength of which increased in young patients (r=-0.412; p=0.037). When comparing the levels of antioxidant state markers in AH patients depending on CA and BA, there was no significant difference in TAC levels, while TAA levels were the lowest in the group of patients aged 25-44 (p<0.05). After grouping patients depending on BA, there was an even more noticeable decrease in TAA in patients over 60 years old compared to controls.

Conclusions. The associations between CA and the level of TAC in the controls and TAA in the main group were demonstrated. The relationship of these parameters with BA was observed only in patients with AH, which may indicate the effectiveness of BA evaluating using the methods of A. G. Gorelkin, B. B. Pinkhasov, and V. P. Voitenko for assessing the aging rate in AH patients. In young and elderly patients, the determination of TAA levels may be of greater diagnostic value than the determination of TAC. The nature of TAA changes in AH patients of the middle age, is different from patients of young and old age, which requires further study, taking into account other possible factors.
ARCHITECTURAL DÉCOR OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN LVIV FROM 1890’S (HISTORICISM)
Authors: Ponkalo Solomiia
Published: July 2021

Currently, the problem of typing architectural decor of facades of buildings in Lviv from 1890’s (late historicism) has not been studied. Therefore, the task is to explore all architectural decor elements of each architectural piece, which are of indisputable value for Lviv and in need of preservation and restoration.

A set of villas and a number of profitable and public buildings erected at the time of late historicism in Lviv were identified and taken as a basis based on comparative and bibliographic analysis. In addition, photographic evidence and visual inspection of these pieces were completed and architectural decor elements were studied. A total of 95 architectural pieces were analyzed on the basis of field surveys: 28 villas, 2 public buildings. and 13 residential buildings. As a result of the above, types of architectural decor elements, such as: constructive-decorative, art-decorative, decorative-plastic, were established. Subsequent studies have led to a smaller division into subtypes. Thus, entrance portals, windows, balconies (fences, brackets), cornices, and attics were included in the constructive-decorative elements, paintings and majolica were included in the artistic-decorative elements, and order, rustic, stucco works, round sculptures were included in the decorative-plastic category.

This publication involved analysis of constructive-decorative architectural decor elements. Constructive-decorative architectural decor elements were analyzed in view of their composition and style peculiarities. In particular, composition features of architectural decor elements were analyzed for form and tectonic location, while types and motifs applied to style specifics.
Carabineros: Crisis Institucional, el “enemigo interno” y la necesidad de refundación
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

La lógica del enemigo interno utilizada por carabineros puede ser extrapolada a grandes sectores de la población que podrían ser parte de alguno o más grupos anteriormente nombrados y/o simplemente ser críticos circunstanciales del actuar policial. O sea, que se está creando un clima similar a los años más duros de la dictadura de Pinochet, donde Carabineros de Chile, se ha transformado en una institución no solamente de sometimiento por parte del Estado a raíz de cuestiones políticos, sino que también ha desarrollado un comportamiento propio de grupos que operan con independencia del poder civil, cometiendo una serie de crímenes en virtud de la defensa de sus intereses organizacionales.
Los peligros del ministro candidato
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

Durante la última semana hemos visto que la carrera por llegar al sillón de La Moneda ha sumado un nuevo posible candidato, debido a la intención de Evopoli de transformar al titular de Hacienda, Ignacio Briones, en su carta presidencial.