bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmologists’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Willingness to Report Child Abuse
Authors: Mostovoy Dina , Masarwa Dua , Niazov Yulia , Ben Natan Merav
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present study was to explore ophthalmologists’ attitudes, knowledge, and willingness to report child abuse. One-hundred-and-seven ophthalmologists employed in various hospitals in Israel completed an online questionnaire. Less than half the ophthalmologists (44.9%) reported that they had treated children whom they identified or suspected as being victims of child abuse, while only 43.9% of these reported child abuse. Despite generally positive attitudes towards reporting of child abuse among the ophthalmologists, their average level of knowledge was low. Ophthalmologists who had received training on child abuse and residents displayed a higher level of knowledge. In addition, female ophthalmologists tended to agree more that ophthalmologists are obligated to screen for and report child abuse. Moreover, female ophthalmologists expressed higher willingness to report child abuse. The present study reveals that underreporting of child abuse, and more precisely the discrepancy between identification and reporting, is present among ophthalmologists. It seems that lack of knowledge regarding identification and reporting of child abuse is the main barrier to reporting, especially among medical specialists. These findings underscore the importance of training programs on child abuse, both during formal education in medical school, and post-qualification, for all ophthalmologists, irrespective of seniority.
Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Women Veterans With PTSD Who Experienced Military Sexual Trauma: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zaccari Belle , Sherman Athena D. F. , Higgins Melinda , Ann Kelly Ursula
Published: July 2022

Background:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela to military sexual trauma (MST) among women veterans. Yoga has shown promise in research examining its benefit for symptoms and sequela of PTSD.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) for women veterans with PTSD related to MST.

Method:

In this feasibility study, the final sample included women veterans ( n = 41) with PTSD related to MST accessing health care in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System in the southeast United States; the majority were African American ( n = 33; 80.5%). Interventions used established protocols of 10 weekly sessions of group TCTSY versus 12 weekly sessions of group Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). PTSD was assessed via clinical interview and participant report. Additional data collection included multiple participant-reported outcomes commonly associated with PTSD and psychophysiological measures. We also collected data regarding participant satisfaction and feasibility-related feedback from participants and providers.

Results:

Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated via demand, practicality, fidelity, and acceptability. This was measured by expressed interest, attendance, program completion, barriers to care and satisfaction with treatment, and satisfaction with interventions and data collection.

Conclusions:

Results indicate the RCT design and TCTSY implementation were feasible; a full-scale RCT was subsequently conducted to determine efficacy of the experimental intervention. Recommendations for successful research strategies are provided.
Use of feeding tubes in 112 cats in an internal medicine referral service (2015–2020)
Authors: Brunet Audrey , Bouzouraa Tarek , Cadore Jean-Luc , Hugonnard Marine
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The aims of this study were to describe diseases, complications and outcomes associated with the use of feeding tubes in a population of sick cats with appetite disturbance managed at an internal medicine referral service.

Methods

Clinicopathological data from cats receiving nasoenteral (NE) or oesophagostomy (O) tubes were studied. Cats were categorised according to their underlying disease and divided into subgroups (NE or O tube). The following factors associated with survival were analysed: disease category, type of tube and return to appetite.

Results

Included in the study were 112 cats, representing 118 cases. Of the 118 cases, 98 (83%) and 20 (17%) received NE or O tubes, respectively. The most common underlying conditions were digestive (13.5%), hepatobiliary (11%) and upper urinary tract (11%) disorders. Hepatobiliary (50%) and upper respiratory tract (30%) conditions were predominant in the O tube group. Digestive (15%) and upper urinary tract (12%) diseases were more common in the NE tube group. Complications following tube placement occurred in 22/118 cases (18.6%). The global survival rate was 73% and did not differ between NE (71.4%) and O tube (80%) groups ( P = 1.00) or disease categories ( P = 0.61). Return of appetite before feeding tube removal occurred in 56 cases (47%), within a median of 3 days (range 1–30) and was not associated with mirtazapine administration ( P = 1.00). Appetite returned earlier for cats with NE tubes (3 days, range 1–17) than for those with O tubes (33 days, range 5–60; P <0.05). Voluntary food intake was positively associated with survival (odds ratio 15.17). After discharge and feeding tube retrieval, return of appetite was observed in 67% of cases.

Conclusions and relevance

Feeding tubes were predominantly placed for the management of appetite disturbance in cats with digestive, hepatobiliary and upper urinary tract diseases. While complications were frequent, they were mostly mild, easily managed and did not preclude feeding tube use. Return to appetite occurred in a large proportion of cats during or after assisted enteral feeding and was associated with survival.
Exploring the role of telehealth in providing equitable healthcare to the vulnerable patient population during COVID-19
Authors: Shah Dania A , Sall Dana , Peng Wesley , Sharer Rustan , Essary Alison C , Radhakrishnan Priya
Published: July 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in widespread telehealth implementation. Existent health disparities were widened, with under-represented minorities (URM) disproportionately affected by COVID. In this study, we assess the role of telehealth in improving access to care in the URMs and vulnerable populations. We noted a statistically significant increase in the number of visits in Hispanic or Latino patients (15.2% increase, p < 0.01) and Black patients (19% increase, p < 0.01). Based on payer type, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of visits in the Medicare (10.2%, p = 0.0001) and Medicaid (16.2%, p < 0.01) groups. We also noted increased access to care with telehealth in patients who were 65 and older (10.6%, p = 0.004). This highlights the importance of telehealth in increasing access to care and promoting health equity in the URM and vulnerable patient populations.
‘Imagine talking about politics in a kids’ game’: Making sense of #BLM in Nintendo’s Splatoon 2
Authors: Mee David , Jackson David
Published: July 2022

On Twitter and other established digital social networks, references to the Black Lives Matter movement almost doubled after George Floyd’s murder (see Giorgi et al., 2020, ‘Twitter corpus of the #blacklivesmatter movement and counter protests: 2013 to 2020’), alongside a similar rise in references to the counter-protest terms ‘All Lives Matter’ and ‘Blue Lives Matter’. Around the same time, the authors found online players of Splatoon 2 (Nintendo) expressing Black Lives Matter sentiments when using in-game design tools. These messages quickly disappeared in the game space to be replaced by longer-lived political content relating to LGBTQ+ activist sentiments and other non-political messaging. This visual essay provides documentation of memes captured by one of the authors between 6 and 14 March 2020 and discussion of their significance as data. The authors conclude that, despite being digital artefacts, Splatoon posts may be better understood using Cramer’s ‘What Is “Post-digital”’ (2014) reading with different characteristics from normal digital activism artefacts. The visual form attempts to underline the visual character of these post-digital artefacts, which contain no machine-readable textual content or metadata. Nevertheless, they represent a form of community discourse that is little examined and that the authors suggest should be documented and researched despite its awkward data structure.
Polarized Light Therapy in the Treatment of Wounds: A Review
Authors: M. Allam Nesma , Eladl Hadaya Mosaad , Eid Marwa M.
Published: July 2022

The most prevalent type of photo therapies are low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ultraviolet (UV) treatments, which are distinguished by the physical properties of the light employed. However, in latest years, it has been suggested that polarization and an extensive light band including all light spectra are essential aspects in light treatment. Light waves are filtered to align and vibrate in a single plane, resulting in polarized light (PL). Light that has been polarized can penetrate tissues more deeply than light that has not been polarized. The visible light spectrum is very broad. PL varies from other types of light therapy in that it uses a considerably wider spectrum of wavelengths than LLLT or UV. As a result, PLT devices are often less expensive and simple to operate. Since the late 1960s, light therapy has been used to treat anything from neonatal jaundice to psoriasis and vitiligo. Fenyö created a PL source and found that it can stimulate wound healing in a similar way to the low-energy laser. In comparison to the laser, this source of light had numerous gains: lesser prices, fewer hazards, a greater area to be treated, and no sophisticated user expertise. Despite several findings from fundamental research (in vitro, in vivo, and animal trials), practitioners continue to have reservations regarding PL's potency and utility in treating musculoskeletal problems. It is even largely believed that the commercial use of these therapies is validated by a sufficient amount of scientific evidence based on reliable clinical papers. The major goal of this study is to gather information on the use of PL for treatment of various wound types in animal and human investigations.
MiR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p synergistically inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting AKT3
Authors: Wang Yitong , Zhang Ronghua , Li Jingwu , Han Xiangyang , Lu Hongjian , Su Jinghui , Liu Yutan , Tian Xiaoli , Wang Meimei , Xiong Yanan , Lan Tao , Zhang Guangling , Liu Zhiyong
Published: July 2022

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a worldwide health problem for which there is no medically effective drug treatment at present, and which is characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The HF model in cholestatic rats by ligating the common bile duct was induced and the differentially expressed miRNAs in the liver tissues were analyzed by microarray, which showed that miR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p were significantly downregulated in bile-duct ligation (BDL) rat liver compared with the sham control. The synergistic anti-HF activity and molecular mechanism of miR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p by targeting AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3) in HSCs were explored. The expression levels of miR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p were downregulated in activated LX-2 and human primary normal hepatic fibroblasts (NFs), whereas AKT3 was found to be upregulated in BDL rat liver and activated LX-2 cells. The proliferation, colony-forming, and migration ability of LX-2 were inhibited synergistically by miR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p. In addition, cellular senescence was induced and the expressions of the LX-2 fibrosis markers COL1A1 and α-SMA were inhibited by miR-22-3p and miR-29a-3p synergistically. Subsequently, these two miRNAs binding to the 3’UTR of AKT3 mRNA was predicted and evidenced by the luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, colony-forming ability, and the expression levels of COL1A1 and α-SMA were promoted and cellular senescence was inhibited by AKT3 in LX-2 cells. Thus, miR-22-3p/miR-29a-3p/AKT3 regulates the activation of HSCs, providing a new avenue in the study and treatment of HF.
Na+/K+-ATPase DR region antibody ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy
Authors: Zheng Jin , Lan Ping , Meng Xun , Kang Min-Chao , Huang Xin , Yan Xiaofei
Published: July 2022

The enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is important in the heart. Reductions in NKA activity and expression have often been observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related heart injury. Previously, our group found that an antibody targeting the NKA1α1 subunit’s DR extracellular region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911) stimulated NKA activities and produced cardioprotective effects against ischemic injury and isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling. In here, we assessed whether DRm217, a specific DR antibody, exhibits cardioprotective effects in chronic renal failure models. In 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) surgery to mimic CKD in Sprague Dawley rat, we observed that NKA activity and expression were depressed in the hearts of 5/6 Nx rats. DRm217, an NKA DR region antibody, alleviated heart hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis under 5/6 Nx conditions. Further studies revealed that DRm217 inhibited Src activation and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hearts under 5/6 Nx conditions. Our findings imply that NKA could be a treatment target in CKD-related cardiac diseases. Prevention of CKD-induced myocardial injury by DRm217 provides an appealing therapeutic alternative.
Know It When You See It? The Qualities of the Communities People Describe as “Diverse” (or Not)
Authors: Abascal Maria , Ganter Flavien
Published: July 2022

We explore what people mean by “diversity” when they use the term to describe real communities. “Diversity” can refer to multiple differences—ethnoracial, economic, and so on. It may also refer to multiple dimensions of the same difference, that is, heterogeneity or group representation. Analyzing a survey of Chicago-area residents, we ask: (1) When people describe a community as diverse, on which kinds of differences are they drawing? (2) Within each relevant difference, are evaluations of diversity predicted by heterogeneity, the share of specific groups, or both? Findings suggest that respondents associate diversity primarily with a community’s ethnoracial attributes and secondarily with its economic attributes. Within ethnoracial attributes, both heterogeneity and the share of disadvantaged ethnoracial groups, especially Blacks, predict assessed diversity. Within economic attributes, income inequality predicts assessed diversity, albeit negatively; the representation of poor people does not. Qualitative responses reveal varied understandings of diversity while confirming the dominance of ethnoracial attributes.
Trees and people determine the feeding activity of a migratory bird in an urban mega-park of Mexico city
Authors: Ortega-Álvarez Rubén , Calderón-Parra Rafael , García-Luna Fernando
Published: July 2022

Feeding research is relevant to comprehend wildlife use of urban systems and to guide management practices. Coupling foraging with habitat assessments is important because environmental conditions affect animal access to food, leading to variations in behaviours and the numbers of feeding individuals. Still, we have little comprehension about the foraging ecology of animals in Neotropical cities. We analyzed the feeding use of an urban mega-park by a migratory bird in Mexico City, central Mexico. We used distance sampling and hierarchical models to identify the habitat traits that determined the feeding density of the Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s) Warbler ( Setophaga coronata auduboni) in the Chapultepec mega-park. Moreover, we evaluated the spatial variation of the feeding behavior of the species across the site and compared the substrates that this warbler used for foraging by utilizing a Bayesian modelling approach. We included observations from a grey area adjacent to the mega-park for comparison purposes. Our results demonstrated that the number of feeding individuals of the Yellow-rumped Warbler was determined by tree species richness and the number of pedestrians. Greater numbers of tree species might foster the diversity and availability of food resources for the warbler, whereas the number of pedestrians might increase risk perception by birds, reducing their foraging activity. The variation in the proportion of feeding occasions among the sections of Chapultepec supported the pattern associated with our feeding density analysis. The species fed most frequently on trees than in any other substrate. Thus, we showed that urban green areas provide important feeding grounds for the Yellow-rumped Warbler during the migratory period, particularly where tree species richness increases and human activity reduces. Management and restoration activities across the mega-park should be directed to foster tree species richness and mitigate the impact of human activities to enhance the feeding activity of migratory birds.
Projections and Epidemiology of Total Ankle and Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty in the United States to 2030
Authors: Shah Jason A. , Schwartz Andrew M. , Farley Kevin X. , Mahmoud Karim , Attia Ahmed Khalil , Labib Sameh , Kadakia Rishin J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) utilization is increasing in the United States. As the incidence of this procedure grows, it is important for providers to understand the future projections for ankle arthroplasty and more importantly revision total ankle arthroplasty (rTAA). Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (USA) was queried from 2005 to 2017 for all TAA and rTAA. Poisson and linear regression analysis was performed to project annual incidence of TAA and rTAA to 2030, with subgroup analyses on septic rTAA. Results: There were 5315 TAAs performed in 2017, a 564% ( P < .001) increase when compared with the TAAs performed in 2005. From 2017 to 2030, the incidence of TAAs is projected to increase from 110% to 796% ( P < .001). There were 1170 rTAAs performed in 2017, a 155% ( P < .001) increase when compared with rTAAs performed in 2005. There was a 256% increase in the incidence of septic rTAAs from 2005 to 2017 with a projected increase between 22% and 120% by 2030. Conclusions: The incidence of both TAAs and rTAAs is projected to significantly increase over the next decade. Given the known risk factors of TAA and rTAA, these findings reinforce the need for thoughtful consideration when selecting patients for TAA.
Embolic Stroke Following Ingestion of Liquid Nicotine Refill Solution
Authors: Sellner Johann , Hauer Larissa , Rinaldi Fabrizio , Covi Markus , Brigo Francesco , Pikija Slaven , Nardone Raffaele
Published: July 2022

The use of e-cigarettes is gaining popularity despite knowing about cardiovascular health risks. Cases of intentional or accidental intoxication following ingestion of the refill solution are also a growing concern. Most of these cases were fatal and related to cardiac arrest and hypoxic brain injury. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who developed bilateral acute ischemic stroke in the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation following intentional oral intake of e-liquid nicotine refill solution. The diagnostic work-up concluded an etiology of embolic stroke of undetermined source, most likely of cardiac origin. We assume that sympathetic overactivation lead to temporary cardiac arrhythmia and subsequent thrombi formation. Moreover, we discuss several additional pathogenic aspects of oral intake of e-liquid refill solution for the development of central nervous system pathology. This case expands the clinical spectrum of health hazards associated with the introduction of e-cigarettes and raises awareness of the need for preventive measures.
Globalization Is Associated With Lower Levels of National Narcissism: Evidence From 56 Countries
Authors: Cichocka Aleksandra , Sengupta Nikhil , Cislak Aleksandra , Gronfeldt Bjarki , Azevedo Flavio , Boggio Paulo S.
Published: July 2022

We present a largescale, preregistered examination of factors that explain why citizens of certain nations might show higher levels of national narcissism than others. National narcissism is the belief that one’s nation is exceptional yet undervalued. It is related to several social ills, including conspiracy beliefs, intergroup aggression, extremism, and rejection of science. We theorized that national narcissism would be related to the nature of relations between countries. We expected it to be associated with higher levels of external conflict and lower levels of globalization. Using multilevel modeling across 56 countries ( n = 50,757), we found that citizens of less globalized nations showed higher average national narcissism. However, external conflict was unrelated to national narcissism. We also tested whether citizens’ national narcissism was higher in countries led by populists but found no evidence for this effect. At the individual level, higher individual narcissism, self-esteem, and right-wing political orientation positively predicted higher national narcissism.
Evaluation of the performance of Panbio™ COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessalegn Dejene , Tola Edosa Kifle , Tamiru Afework , Zerfu Biruk
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is a gold standard diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease-2019. Limited coverage and long turnaround times are linked to the poor response to the pandemic in developing countries like Ethiopia. To overcome the challenges, rapid antigen diagnostic kits are recommended if their diagnostic performance is at an acceptable level. We explored the performance of the Panbio™ coronavirus disease-2019 antigen rapid diagnostic test in diagnosing the coronavirus disease-2019 infection.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on coronavirus disease-2019 suspected patients in Wollega University Referral Hospital, from 1 April to 30 May 2021. After obtaining consent/ assent, sociodemographic and pair of nasopharyngeal samples were collected from each and examined by Panbio antigen rapid diagnostic test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 24. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa values were calculated.

Results:

A total of 148 coronavirus disease-2019 suspected individuals (54.1% male) participated in the study. Of all, 73 (49.3%) were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. The sensitivity and specificity of Panbio were found 81% (95% confidence interval: 71%–91%) and 98.7% (95% confidence interval: 96%–100%), respectively. From 75 negative and 73 positive samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 1 (1.33%) and 14 (19.18%) were found false positive and negative by antigen rapid diagnostic test, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Panbio were 98.3% and 84.1%, respectively, and test agreement was substantial (kappa value = 0.80).

Conclusion:

Panbio has fine performance in suspected patients. Further studies are needed to examine the accuracy of self-collecting and patient self-testing with healthcare workers, using antigen rapid diagnostic test against the reference standard.
Practice Patterns for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in an Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Gibbs Christopher M. , Hughes Jonathan D. , Winkler Philipp W. , Muenzer Maya , Lesniak Bryson P. , Musahl Volker
Published: July 2022

Background:

While surgeons with high caseload volumes deliver higher value care when performing primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the effect of surgeon volume in the revision setting is unknown.

Purposes:

To determine the percentage of revision ACLR procedures that comprise the practice of high-, medium-, and low-volume surgeons and to analyze associated referral and practice patterns.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively investigated all revision ACLR procedures performed between 2015 and 2020 in a single health care system. Surgeons were categorized as low (≤17), medium (18-34), or high (≥35) volume based on the number of annual ACLR procedures performed. Patient characteristics, activity level, referral source, concomitant injuries, graft type, and treatment variables were recorded, and a comparison among surgeon groups was performed.

Results:

Of 4555 ACLR procedures performed during the study period, 171 (4%) were revisions. The percentage of revision ACLR procedures was significantly higher for high-volume (5%) and medium-volume (4%) surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons (2%) ( P < .01). Patients undergoing revision ACLR by a high-volume surgeon had a significantly higher baseline activity level ( P = .01). Allografts were used significantly more often by low-volume surgeons (70%) compared with medium-volume (35%) and high-volume (25%) surgeons ( P < .01). Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts were used significantly more often by high-volume (32% BPTB, 39% QT) and medium-volume (38% BPTB, 14% QT) surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons (15% BPTB, 10% QT) ( P < .01). High-volume surgeons were more likely to perform revision on patients with cartilage injuries ( P = .01), perform staged revision ACLR ( P = .01), and choose meniscal repair (54% high vs 22% medium and 36% low volume; P = .03), despite similar rates of concomitant meniscal tears, compared with low- and medium-volume surgeons.

Conclusion:

In this registry study of an integrated health care system, high-volume surgeons were more likely to perform revision ACLR on patients with higher activity and competition levels. Additionally, high-volume surgeons more commonly performed staged revision ACLR, chose meniscus-sparing surgery, and favored the use of autografts compared with low-volume surgeons.
Osteochondral Fractures in Acute Patellar Dislocations in Adolescents: Midterm Results of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Felus Jaroslaw , Kowalczyk Bart , Starmach Michal , Wyrobek Lukasz
Published: July 2022

Background:

Osteochondral fractures (OCFs) are common injuries during acute patellar dislocation (APD), carrying a high risk of early joint deterioration if left untreated. The recommended approach is reduction and stable fixation; however, data on the results of such treatment are limited.

Purpose:

To evaluate midterm results of fixation of APD-related OCFs in adolescents and to identify predictive factors for poor outcomes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of adolescent patients who underwent internal fixation of APD-related OCFs between 2004 and 2015 at a single tertiary pediatric trauma center. The primary outcome variables included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), patient satisfaction (0-10 scale), and sports participation compared with preoperative level. Secondary outcome variables included relationship between final results and OCF location (patellofemoral vs tibiofemoral), surgical delay (>6 weeks), and patellar instability after OCF fixation. OCF healing was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:

Included were 40 patients (19 female, 21 male) with 42 OCFs (29 patellar OCFs, 13 lateral femoral condyle OCFs). The median patient age at surgery was 14.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 13-15.5 years), and median follow-up was 76 months (IQR, 52.5-95 months). Recurrence of patellar instability occurred in 27.5% of patients. Median overall KOOS was 93.8 (IQR, 90.8-97.6); KOOS–Symptoms, 92.9 (IQR, 85.7-96.4); KOOS–Pain, 97.2 (IQR, 91.7-100); KOOS–Activities of Daily Living, 100 (IQR, 97.1-100); KOOS–Sports, 90 (IQR, 80-100); and KOOS–Quality of Life, 78.1 (IQR, 56.2-87.5). Median satisfaction score was 8 (IQR, 8-9), and 16 patients (40%) returned to sports participation at their preinjury level. MRI scans revealed a 100% rate of bone healing. Abnormalities exceeding the fracture area were evident on MRI scans in 86.5% of patients. Recurrence of patellar instability (even after surgical fixation) and unstable patella at final follow-up were independent predictors of worse results after OCF fixation.

Conclusion:

In the current study, reduction and internal fixation for APD-related OCF in adolescents yielded favorable midterm outcomes. Recurrence of dislocation and persistent patellar instability jeopardized clinical results.
Evaluating Differences in the Disease Experiences of Minority Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hutchins Kia , Barr Eileen , Bellcross Cecelia , Ali Nadia , Hunt William R.
Published: July 2022

Extensive research has demonstrated disparities in health outcomes and survival between non-Hispanic Caucasian (NHC) and non-Caucasian or Hispanic (minority) persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States (US). However, very little research has been done to explore the disease experiences of racial and ethnic minority persons with CF. Adult subjects with CF were approached for study participation and to characterize their experiential disease perceptions. Survey data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests and Mann-Whitney U-test for basic categorical and continuous variables, and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA using ranks for Likert scales. Minority persons reported significantly lower scores (more negative experience) when comparing themselves to others with CF (15.18 ± 2.89 vs 18.40 ± 3.18, P < .01), particularly in the areas of representation in research, experience, and support. We were able to identify the unique experiences of minority persons with CF, including perceived lower disease understanding and poorer representation compared to most others with CF. Further large studies are needed to develop and assess interventions that may be useful for serving these diverse populations.
Does urination position have an effect on evaluation of lower urinary tract function ın children? A uroflowmetric study
Authors: İbrahimov Anar , Özkıdık Mete , Akıncı Aykut , Hajiyev Perviz , Burgu Berk
Published: July 2022

Background

We aimed to determine whether different urination positions had significant impact on the parameters of uroflowmetry performed by healthy individuals and children with voiding dysfunction.

Methods

The study was conducted with a prospective and comparative design. Children between 5 and 15 years of age who met the inclusion–exclusion criteria of the study were enrolled. Children in the study were divided into two groups. Participants whose voiding dysfunction symptom score was ≥ 9 points were classified in group 1 and the remaining individuals were classified in group 2. Girls urinated in two different positions as sitting and squatting while boys urinated in three different positions as sitting, squatting and standing. Also, habitual urination position was asked and recorded for each individual participated in the study. Uroflowmetry parameters were compared for different urination positions in two groups separately and a p value of ≤ .05 was accepted for statistical significance.

Results

Voided volume, maximum flow rate (Qmax), time to reach Qmax, urination time and postvoid residual volume measured by abdominal ultrasound were recorded in every participant for each urination position in both groups. In group 1, girls with voiding dysfunction presented a significantly higher postvoid residual volume in squatting position compared to sitting position (the p value = 0.02). In group 2, healthy boys presented a significantly higher Qmax in standing position compared to sitting and squatting positions (the p value = 0.01). All participants provided a better uroflowmetry pattern in their habitual urination positions.

Conclusion

Urination position may affect uroflowmetry results; however, its impact on lower urinary tract function requires further research.
Internet-based interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms: an ethnographic qualitative study exploring the views and opinions of midwives in Switzerland
Authors: Beerli Josephine , Ehlert Ulrike , Amiel Castro Rita T.
Published: July 2022

Background

Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but are frequently underdiagnosed and untreated. In the last decades, internet-based interventions have emerged as a treatment alternative showing similar effectiveness to face-to-face psychotherapy. We aimed to explore midwives’ perceptions of the acceptability of internet-based interventions for the treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms.

Methods

In this ethnographic qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 midwives. We followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist (COREQ). Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. The identified framework categories were rated individually by two independent raters. Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient was used to ensure the reliability of the rating.

Results

Four main themes emerged: midwives’ experience with patients’ mental health issues; the role of healthcare workers in women’s utilisation of internet-based interventions in the perinatal period; the overall perception of internet-based interventions; and recommendation of internet-based interventions to perinatal women. Twenty-five of the 30 participants viewed internet-based interventions as an acceptable type of intervention, which they would recommend to a subgroup of patients (e.g. women who are well-educated or younger). All except for two midwives identified themselves and medical doctors as key figures regarding patients’ utilisation of internet-based interventions, although a third of the interviewees highlighted that they needed sufficient information about such interventions. Finally, several participants suggested features which could be relevant to develop more acceptable and feasible internet-based interventions in the future.

Discussion

Participants’ overall perception of internet-based interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms was positive. This study underlines the importance of considering midwives’ views about internet-based interventions for perinatal mental health care. Our findings have implications for the practice not only of midwives but also of other maternity care professionals. Future studies examining the views of other health professionals are warranted.
Impact of relational continuity of primary care in aged care: a systematic review
Authors: Dyer Suzanne M. , Suen Jenni , Williams Helena , Inacio Maria C. , Harvey Gillian , Roder David , Wesselingh Steve , Kellie Andrew , Crotty Maria , Caughey Gillian E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Greater continuity of care has been associated with lower hospital admissions and patient mortality. This systematic review aims to examine the impact of relational continuity between primary care professionals and older people receiving aged care services, in residential or home care settings, on health care resource use and person-centred outcomes.

Methods

Systematic review of five databases, four trial registries and three grey literature sources to October 2020. Included studies (a) aimed to increase relational continuity with a primary care professional, (b) focused on older people receiving aged care services (c) included a comparator and (d) reported outcomes of health care resource use, quality of life, activities of daily living, mortality, falls or satisfaction. Cochrane Collaboration or Joanna Briggs Institute criteria were used to assess risk of bias and GRADE criteria to rate confidence in evidence and conclusions.

Results

Heterogeneity in study cohorts, settings and outcome measurement in the five included studies (one randomised) precluded meta-analysis. None examined relational continuity exclusively with non-physician providers. Higher relational continuity with a primary care physician probably reduces hospital admissions (moderate certainty evidence; high versus low continuity hazard ratio (HR) 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92–0.96, n = 178,686; incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.99, 95%CI 0.76–1.27, n = 246) and emergency department (ED) presentations (moderate certainty evidence; high versus low continuity HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.89–0.92, n = 178,686; IRR 0.91, 95%CI 0.72–1.15, n = 246) for older community-dwelling aged care recipients. The benefit of providing on-site primary care for relational continuity in residential settings is uncertain (low certainty evidence, 2 studies, n = 2,468 plus 15 care homes); whilst there are probably lower hospitalisations and may be fewer ED presentations, there may also be an increase in reported mortality and falls. The benefit of general practitioners’ visits during hospital admission is uncertain (very low certainty evidence, 1 study, n = 335).

Conclusion

Greater relational continuity with a primary care physician probably reduces hospitalisations and ED presentations for community-dwelling aged care recipients, thus policy initiatives that increase continuity may have cost offsets. Further studies of approaches to increase relational continuity of primary care within aged care, particularly in residential settings, are needed.

Review registration

CRD42021215698.
Characterising Australian memory clinics: current practice and service needs informing national service guidelines
Authors: Naismith Sharon L. , Michaelian Johannes C. , Low Lee-Fay , Arsenova Valerie , Mehrani Inga , Fyfe Katrina , Kochan Nicole A. , Kurrle Susan E. , Rowe Christopher , Sachdev Perminder S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Memory clinics (MCs) play a key role in accurate and timely diagnoses and treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, within Australia, there are little data available on current practices in MCs, which hinder international comparisons for best practice, harmonisation efforts and national coordination. Here, we aimed to characterise current service profiles of Australian MCs.

Methods

The ‘Australian Dementia Network Survey of Expert Opinion on Best Practice and the Current Clinical Landscape’ was conducted between August-September 2020 as part of a larger-scale Delphi process deployed to develop national MC guidelines. In this study, we report on the subset of questions pertaining to current practice including wait-times and post-diagnostic care.

Results

Responses were received from 100 health professionals representing 60 separate clinics (45 public, 11 private, and 4 university/research clinics). The majority of participants were from clinics in metropolitan areas (79%) and in general were from high socioeconomic areas. While wait-times varied, only 28.3% of clinics were able to offer an appointment within 1-2 weeks for urgent referrals, with significantly more private clinics (58.3%) compared to public clinics (19.5%) being able to do so. Wait-times were less than 8 weeks for 34.5% of non-urgent referrals. Only 20.0 and 30.9% of clinics provided cognitive interventions or post-diagnostic support respectively, with 7.3% offering home-based reablement programs, and only 12.7% offering access to group-based education. Metropolitan clinics utilised neuropsychological assessments for a broader range of cases and were more likely to offer clinical trials and access to research opportunities.

Conclusions

In comparison to similar countries with comprehensive government-funded public healthcare systems (i.e., United Kingdom, Ireland and Canada), wait-times for Australian MCs are long, and post-diagnostic support or evidence-based strategies targeting cognition are not common practice. The timely and important results of this study highlight a need for Australian MCs to adopt a more holistic service of multidisciplinary assessment and post-diagnostic support, as well as the need for the number of Australian MCs to be increased to match the rising number of dementia cases.
Obstetric violence and associated factors among women during facility based childbirth at Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Wondwosen , Wudneh Aregahegn , Tilahun Ruth
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Obstetric violence is a specific form of violence against women that violates their human rights. Conducted by obstetric care providers regarding the body and reproductive processes of the woman, being characterized by dehumanized assistance, abuse of interventionist actions, medicalization, and reversion of the process from natural to pathological.

Objective

To assess the magnitude of obstetric violence and associated factors among women during childbirth in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia.

Method

Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 661 mothers in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia, from May 1 to May 30 2020. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to get a total of 661 mothers from their kebeles. Data was collected by using face-to--to-face interview with a structured questionnaire and in-depth interview was also employed. Data entry and analysis was done by Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS 23.0 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the important predictors of obstetric violence. Association between outcome and independent variables was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI.

Results

From the total of 661 mothers, about 79.7% (527) of mothers experienced obstetric violence with 95% CI (76.9–82.8). educational status (AOR = 2.2573, 95%CI = 1.44,3.54), ANC utilization (AOR = 2.365, 95%CI = 1.62–3.21), duration of stay (AOR = 0.5367,95%CI = 0.28,0.86)), and facing complication during labor and delivery (AOR = 3.1382, 95%CI = 2.34,5.17) were the major factors associated with obstetric violence.

Conclusion

The magnitude of obstetric violence was high. Non dignified care and non-consented care was the most common form of obstetric violence which may lead a woman to choose for home delivery instead of health facility care, this in turn leads to a great increase in maternal morbidity and mortality as supported by qualitative approach of the study.
Update of a prognostic survival model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors using an expansion cohort
Authors: Issa Majd , Klamer Brett G. , Mladkova Nikol , Laliotis Georgios I. , Karivedu Vidhya , Bhateja Priyanka , Byington Chase , Dibs Khaled , Pan Xueliang , Chakravarti Arnab , Grecula John , Jhawar Sachin R. , Mitchell Darrion , Baliga Sujith , Old Matthew , Carrau Ricardo L. , Rocco James W. , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Bonomi Marcelo
Published: July 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) offers new therapeutic venues. We have previously developed a predictive survival model in this patient population based on clinical parameters, and the purpose of this study was to expand the study cohort and internally validate the model.

Methods

A single institutional retrospective analysis of R/M HNSCC patients treated with ICI. Clinical parameters collected included p-16 status, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the impact of patient characteristics and clinical variables on survival. A nomogram was created using thermspackage to generate individualized survival prediction.

Results

201 patients were included, 47 females (23%), 154 males (77%). Median age was 61 years (IQR: 55-68). P-16 negative (66%). Median OS was 12 months (95% CI: 9.4, 14.9). Updated OS model included age, sex, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, albumin, hemoglobin, LDH, and p-16 status. We stratified patients into three risk groups based on this model at the 0.33 and 0.66 quantiles. Median OS in the optimal risk group reached 23.7 months (CI: 18.5, NR), 13.8 months (CI: 11.1, 20.3) in the average risk group, and 2.3 months (CI: 1.7, 4.4) in the high-risk group. Following internal validation, the discriminatory power of the model reached a c-index of 0.72 and calibration slope of 0.79.

Conclusions

Our updated nomogram could assist in the precise selection of patients for which ICI could be beneficial and cost-effective.
Retraction Note: Up-regulated miR-199a-5p in gastric cancer functions as an oncogene and targets klotho
Authors: He Xu-Jun , Ma Ying-Yu , Yu Sheng , Jiang Xiao-Ting , Lu Yi-Ding , Tao Liang , Wang Hua-Ping , Hu Zhi-Ming , Tao Hou-Quan
Published: July 2022

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-218.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts strengthen cell proliferation and EGFR TKIs resistance through aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent signals in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Feng Hao , Cao Boxiong , Peng Xuan , Wei Qiang
Published: July 2022

The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic cellular milieu that interacts with cancer cells and promotes tumor progression and metastasis. However, the specific mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment impacts cancer cells’ behaviors remain poorly understood. In this study, enriched cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were observed in tumor tissues isolated from epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. CAFs isolated from tumor tissues were capable of producing tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (Kyn), which significantly increased the proliferation and EGFR TKIs resistance of NSCLC cells. In this study, it was further observed that the activation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in CAFs, resulted in the enhanced capability of tryptophan metabolism in them compared to normal fibroblasts. As a result, Kyn produced by CAFs facilitated the up-regulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) signals in NSCLC, thereby resulting in the downstream ATK and ERK signaling pathways activation. Finally, inhibition of AhR signals efficiently prevented tumor growth and development of EGFR TKIs resistance, eventually improved the outcome of EGFR TKIs, and described a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Branch retinal artery occlusion caught in the act by an optical coherence tomography angiography image: case report
Authors: Scarinci Fabio , Cacciamani Andrea , Ripandelli Guido , Parravano Mariacristina
Published: July 2022

Background

Retinal artery occlusion is a vascular entity caused by the temporary blockage of retinal arterioles.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 57-year-old woman a partial visual loss in the right eye due to a cilioretinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a focal area of retinal whitening superior to the optic nerve in the right eye, while the left eye was within the limit.

Retinal imaging, in particular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), showed a capillary drop out of the superficial capillary plexus and the corresponding b-scan showed a round hyporeflective grey dot (optical empty) corresponding to the dark grey spot on the enface view at the level of the retinal whitening area.

Conclusion

Although the images did not allow the differentiation between vasospasm or retinal emboli, the OCTA imaging might help to identify and to caught in the act the specific region causing the retinal impairment. Also, the possible formation of small microcavity should be considered in case with branch retinal artery occlusion. The use of this new imaging technology might help to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy in vivo.