bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRACTICE-BASED LEARNING PROCESS AS A SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATION QUALITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SUPPORTING THE REALIZATION OF THE 2030 SDGs (Study Case at SD Negeri 1 Dajan Peken)
Authors:   Department of Economics, Brawijaya University Malang, Indonesia, Diana Shelly , Purnami Ni Made Rina ,   Department of Economics, Brawijaya University Malang, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the country's framework for the next 15 years, which contains a set of agreed transformative goals that apply to all nations. The SDGs contain 17 main goals, one of the goals is related to realizing inclusive and quality education. The education process will form quality individuals and play a major role in the process of advancing a country (Binus, 2020). However, the Indonesian education system still has various problems, such as the application of theoretical learning that can't be accompanied by a practical process, so that students, especially elementary school students, lose interest in learning. According to UNESCO data, the reading interest of the Indonesian people is even worth 0.001%, which means that out of 1,000 Indonesians, only one person is diligent in reading. Theoretical learning accompanied by a lack of student's interest in reading will cause the learning process to be less effective and the quality of Indonesian education will decline. This would be an obstacle to realizing the SDGs goals in education. To overcome these problems, the authors propose the application of Practice-Based Learning Process as a Solution to Improve the Education Quality of Elementary School Students in Supporting the Realization of 2030 SDGs. In examining these problems, the authors researched at the State Elementary School 1 Dajan Peken, Bali. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning development of elementary school children in Bali after the pandemic and provide solutions to increase student interest in learning through a practice-based learning process. A research method is a qualitative approach through observation and interviews. The results showed that most of the students did not like theoretical learning and wanted practical learning. With this research, researchers hoped that it can be a reference for readers and stakeholders to increase students' interest in learning. Keyword: Education, Practice Based Learning, SDGs
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS PATHWAY AS TARGETING THERAPY IN NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors:   Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of Lampung Lampung, Indonesia, Isniarta Zhovarina
Published: May 2022

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared that non-communicable diseases still become the main health problem by including it in goal 3.4 in sustainable development goals and also a major cause of mortality worldwide. Based on prevalence, mortality in non communicable diseases is dominated by cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic lung disease. Although non-communicable diseases have complex mechanisms and signalling pathways, the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress has been known for its association with abnormal metabolism in non-communicable diseases. This narrative review aims to investigate targeting therapy in non-communicable diseases based on the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Method: The literature search was carried out through several electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar), using keywords “endoplasmic reticulum stress”, “non-communicable disease”, “therapy”, “drugs”. Full English text publication between 2010 to 2021 was selected for identification. Result: The endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs due to adaptive and defensive response to lack of oxygen (hypoxia), hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, starvation, calcium imbalance, the redox milieu, and also the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Those conditions can impact protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum stress cause accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded protein that leads to activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). A number of studies in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer showing that some compounds can ameliorate endoplasmic reticulum stress by targeting the pathway. Conclusion: Targeting therapy in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway can be a novel strategy for the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress, non-communicable disease, therapy.
E-TITUDE: INNOVATION OF ISLAMIC MORALS LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR YOUTH BASED ON VIRTUAL REALITY TO FACE QUALITY EDUCATION IN 2030
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia, Rifai Iif Ahmad , Safrani Irma Della Pupita ,   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia, Insani Haifa Putri ,   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: Indonesia is a country with the highest number of young and productive ages. The negative phenomena that surface and often become a spectacle in everyday life whose sources are through the print and electronic media of teenagers in Indonesia, causing this immoral case to occur in adolescents not only related to social norms, but also religious norms. This immoral behavior shows the erosion of morals based on Islamic values . Apart from that, the role of education is the main focus in educating to foster the religiosity of teenagers based on the beliefs and understanding of teenagers about God, the Holy Scriptures, and religious teachings that need to be actualized in daily behavior to carry out teachings and obligations related to religion and be ready accept all the consequences. In this regard, efforts to improve the quality of education require special attention to the cultivation of morals based on Islamic teachings in order to encourage the achievement of sustainable development goals and objectives in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the 4th achievement which has a target to ensure quality education, also supports lifelong learning opportunities for all in welcoming quality education in 2030. Method: This scientific paper uses the literature study method as the type of writing . Results: the application of E-TITUDE learning based on virtual reality make a real or imaginary environment is simulated and users can experience direct learning in Islamic moral learning for adolescents. Innovation The E-TITUDE application features a scoreboard, game play, and user interface designed to instill an understanding of the Islamic religion through challenges given according to daily applications. Conclusion: Therefore paper is a prototype of the E-TITUDE application is expected to be effective in implementing Islamic moral learning to meet quality education in 2030. Keywords: E-TITUDE Application, Youth, Islamic Morals, Sustainable Development Goals
SMART LABEL INDICATOR BASED ON ANTHOCYANIN EXTRACT FROM SUPER RED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus costaricensis) SKIN TO MONITOR CHICKEN MEAT FRESHNESS LEVEL
Authors:   Departement of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fitriyani Namira , Adelina Wisik ,   Departement of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Chicken meat is a perishable food. The quality of chicken meat is largely due to poor handling from slaughter to marketing. The activity of bacteria that produce volatile amines causes changes in pH in chicken meat. Bacterial activity that we cannot see and control makes chicken customers sometimes restless to buy packaged cut chicken because they don't know whether the chicken is still fit for consumption or not. Today, smart packaging has emerged which is equipped with smart labels. The purpose of this study was to make a smart label for the anthocyanin extract of the Super Red Dragon Fruit Skin and determine its feasibility in determining the level of freshness of chicken meat. The best red dragon fruit peel extract was sample D4 obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent with 1M HCl acidified. The anthocyanin extract has a pH of 1.8 and anthocyanin content value of 104.722 g/L. Smart labels indicate the freshness level of chicken meat with a change in color, where a purple color indicates fresh chicken meat, a faded purple color indicates that the chicken meat is not fresh. The results of the feasibility of smart labels on pH stability experienced color changes in both acidic and alkaline conditions, but were more stable in acidic conditions. Keywords: Anthocyanin, Super Red Dragon Fruit Skin, Smart Label, Chicken Meat
OPTIMALIZATION OF UNFEASIBLE RICE TO RICE SUGAR BY HYDROLYSIS METHOD TO ENHACE FARMER WELFARE
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Pratiwi Dwita Cahaya , Nurhasanah Aliya ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Madani Ghea Firsty Nur ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Unfeasible rice is one of the problems in food logistics in Indonesia. This unfeasible rice tends to make farmers or BULOG losers because they have to sell it at a cheaper price or turn it into animal feed. The characteristics of unfeasible rice are many breeds of rice lice, yellow in color, musty smell, and overgrown with fungus. Based on the data, in 100 grams of rice contains 0.1 grams of sucrose (C12H22O11). Sucrose is a double sugar molecule (disaccharide) that can be broken down into simple sugars (monosaccharides) through enzymatic reactions. Monosaccharides are utilized by humans as the main energy source. This shows that rice is not suitable for consumption and can be used as an alternative raw material for making sugar. Therefore, the idea of innovation of rice that is not suitable for consumption was born into sugar. This study aims to determine the enzymatic ratio and the optimum reaction time of the hydrolysis reaction of unfit rice using alpha amylase. So, it is hoped that this research can be used as an initial study to optimize agricultural yields in finding alternative raw materials for making sugar. The method used in this research is the hydrolysis method on rice that has been mashed using the amylase enzyme. Experiments were carried out with variations in the number of enzymes used and the length of time for hydrolysis. The percentages of enzymes used for one kilogram of rice were 0.8%, 0.9%, and 1% with two days of hydrolysis, three days and four days. The optimum results obtained showed that the highest glucose level was 11,769.45 ppm at a ratio of 0.9% w/w enzyme raw material on the fourth day. Keywords: Unfeasible rice, sugar, hydrolysis, amilase enzyme
FUEL OPTIMIZATION ON FURNACE DEBUTANIZER REBOILER USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELLING METHOD
Authors:   Departement of Industrial Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia,  Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Restiana Rizky
Published: May 2022

The process of processing crude oil requires a furnace that serves as a "cooking" crude oil to a set temperature point which will then be processed further with other devices. The heating process by furnaces needs to be considered four variables, namely temperature, pressure, flow, and fluid level. To support these variables, parameters are needed that support in fulfilling the crude oil heating process. Inefficient operation of furnaces becomes the most important thing in the use of large energy. Increased efficiency is the best option so that energy use can be minimized. This research aims to find out the optimization of furnace debutanizer reboiler by using system dynamics method. The data needed in the study are supporting parameters such as excess water, fuel flow, fuel pressure, fuel temperature, and fuel gas temperature. The data is known to be related to each other and reciprocity by using the help of causal loop diagrams. If the concept has been in accordance with the causal loop diagram that has been created then perform the implementation on the flow diagram. To run simulations with system dynamics methods, equation mathematics is required. The output of the system dynamics simulation is a graph to perform the analysis. The results of this study found that fuel needs increase by 500 kg for one month. The increase was caused by excess water levels reaching 1.5%. While excess water is caused by the loss of oxygen levels in the furnace during the heating process by 0.33%. Therefore, the percentage of furnace optimization does not reach the maximum limit of 87.35%. In order for furnace optimization to be within the optimum limit, there needs to be a hold of oxygen levels in the furnace. By holding oxygen levels, the temperature in the furnace is stable. Keywords: System Dynamics, Simulation, Optimization
THE ROLE OF THE FREE-ACTIVE PRINCIPLE AS THE FOUNDATION OF INDONESIA FOREIGN POLICY IN THE STRATEGY OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY
Authors:   Department of French Literature, Padjadjaran University  Bandung, Indonesia, Hardiansyah Muhammad Zudi , Sopian Wawan ,   Department of French Literature, Padjadjaran University  Bandung, Indonesia, Firdaus Ramma ,   Department of French Literature, Padjadjaran University  Bandung, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: The principle of free-active principle is the basis of Indonesia's foreign policy. Free means that Indonesia may determine attitudes and decisions regarding the conditions and circumstances being experienced without the influence of other parties. Active means that Indonesia is not only an object in the international world, but a subject who is actively involved in helping to implement world peace. The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between the principle free-active with cultural diplomacy, and also to prove the implementation of the principle of free-active in cultural diplomacy that has been carried out by Indonesia. Method: Qualitative. For data-collections, the technique that are used are free listening speaking techniques and note-taking techniques. For data-analysis, the techniques that are used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing Result: To explain the birth of the principle free-active in Indonesia, the principle of free-active as the foundation of Indonesia's foreign policy, the relationship of cultural diplomacy and the principle of free-active, and the analysis of the phenomenon of cultural diplomacy based on the principle of free-active. Conclusion: The principle of free-active was born when Indonesia was still in the form of RIS. This principle has been implemented by Indonesia until now with concrete evidence of the establishment of the KAA, the preservation of Betutu Chicken as a Balinese culinary, up to the creation of the Indonesian Cultural House in Germany. Keywords: Free-active, cultural diplomacy, Indonesia, foreign policy
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMI WITH THE STATE OF THE INDONESIAN COMMUNITY ECONOMY FOR THE 2019-2020 PERIOD
Authors:   Department of Communication Studies, Islamic University of Indonesia  Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Nafiah Ikanti Sri
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been around for a long time in Indonesia. This pandemic has had a major impact, one of which is on the economic level of the Indonesian people which resulted in a decrease in the economic level to poverty in Indonesian society. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the covid-19 pandemic and the economic level of Indonesian society by using a literature study with data collection techniques using data reduction, where the author collects and analyzes existing data, then concludes it so that it becomes a conclusion that is relevant to this research. From the results of data collection from several sources conducted by the author, the covid-19 pandemic has made the Indonesian economy experience a decline, the impact is increased poverty, before the pandemic the number of poor people nationally for the period March 2018 to September 2019 decreased from 25,95 million to 24,79 million, but after the pandemic the number of poor people soared, in March 2020 there was a spike in the national poor to 26,42 million soul. The author concludes that the link between the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic level of the Indonesian people is making poverty in Indonesia worse. Keywords: covid-19 pandemic, economic level, poverty.
IS THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX EFFECTS THE POVERTY RATE IN INDONESIA 2020?
Authors:   Departement of Statistical Computing, Politeknik Statistika STIS Jakarta, Indonesia, Riyanto Agus
Published: May 2022

Poverty is a serious problem faced by the Indonesian people from ancient times to the present. One that affects the level of poverty in Indonesia is the Human Development Index (IPM). Therefore, it is necessary to research the influence of HDI on the poverty level of each province in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the Human Development Index on poverty levels in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive analysis method. In addition to descriptive analysis, this study uses a simple linear regression analysis method to determine the effect of the human development index on the poverty rate in Indonesia. The preliminary findings of this study conclude that the human development index affects the poverty level of - 0.899. This means that the higher the Human Development Index, the lower the poverty level. From R square shows that 42.8 percent of the Human Development Index variable explains the poverty variable, while the rest can be explained by other factors. This finding is expected to provide recommendations to the government regarding human development. Keywords: Human development index, poverty rate, regression.
Spatial distribution and influencing factors of ecological efficiency in Yangtze river delta
Authors: Xu Penghui , Zhao Xicang , Li Haili
Published: May 2022

This paper employs the EBM model and the Spatial Durbin Model(SDM) to describe the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the 27 cities’ eco-efficiency in China’s Yangtze River Delta from 2003 to 2018. We find that the overall 27 cities’ eco-efficiency in China’s Yangtze River Delta fluctuates slowly, and the spatial difference of the ecological efficiency of the 27 cities in this area is obvious, showing the distribution characteristics of “East is better than west”. The findings show that PGDP, FDI, industrial structure (IND), and population density (POP) have a significant positive correlation with the eco-efficiency of this area. On the contrary, there is a significant negative correlation between greening level (GRE) and ecological efficiency, but the level of technological innovation is not significant.
SIG-1451, A Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Inhibiting Microglial Activation
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Sugano Eriko , Yuki Shiori , Tabata Kitako , Endo Yuka , Takita Yuya , Onoguchi Reina , Ozaki Taku , Fukuda Tomokazu , Takai Yoshihiro , Kurose Takahiro , Tanaka Koichi , Honma Yoichi , Perez Eduardo , Stock Maxwell , Fernandez Jose , Tamura Masanori , Voronkov Michael , Stock Jeffry B , Tomita Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disease that is associated with factors such as oxidative stress, decreased phagocytic activity, and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of SIG-1451, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug developed for treating atopic dermatitis and known to inhibit toll-like receptor 4, on light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. SIG-1451 was intraperitoneally injected into rats once a day before exposure to 1000 lx light for 24 h; one day later, optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in retinal thickness, and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude was also found to have decreased 3 d after light exposure. Moreover, SIG-1451 protected against this decrease in retinal thickness and increase in ERG am-plitude. One day after light exposure, upregulation of inflammatory response-related genes was observed, and SIG-1451 was found to inhibit this upregulation. Iba-1, a microglial marker, was suppressed in SIG-1451-injected rats. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat immortalised Müller cells. The upregu-lation of C-C motif chemokine 2　by LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited by SIG-1451 treatment, and western blot analysis revealed a decrease in phosphorylated I-κB levels. These results indicate that SIG-1451 protects photoreceptor cells by attenuating light damage progression through inhibiting inflammatory responses.
Long-Term Care Facilities for Older People in Brazil and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiological Data and Preventive Measures
Authors: Lacerda¹ Tatiana , Assis Marcella , Silva Vitoria , Duarte Luiza , Gonçalves Ana , Horta Natália , Souza Marina , Pereira Leani
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for society, especially for those residing in long-term care facilities (LTCF). This study aimed to describe rates of infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 among older people and staff of LTCF in Minas Gerais (Brazil) and identify strategies to prevent and control the disease spread. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 LTCF (6,017 older people). Among the studied LTCF, 48.7% confirmed COVID-19 infection in older people, resulting in 39.6% hospitalization and 32.3% death among infected. Moreover, 68.9% of LTCF confirmed COVID-19 infection in the staff, with 7.3% hospitalization and 1.2% death. Preventive measures were identified and classified as organizational, infrastructure, hygiene items and personal protective equipment, and staff training against COVID-19. These measures showed strategies and barriers experienced in the daily routine of LTCF during the pandemic. LTCF in Brazil experienced challenges similar to observed worldwide. Results highlighted the importance of continuity and improvement of protective measures for older people in LTCF, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Study on Mechanism of Rock Burst in Horizontal Section Mining of a Steeply Inclined Extra-Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Wang Songwei , Cao Anye , Wang Zhengyi , Cao Jinrong , Liu Yaoqi , Xue Chengchun , Guo Wenhao
Published: May 2022

With the increase of mining depth, rock burst disasters frequently occur in steeply inclined coal seams. Firstly, this paper analyzes the rock burst of 5521-20 working face in Yaojie No. 3 coal mine and summarizes the characteristics of rock burst in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam (SIETCS). Then, the static load distribution characteristics and the influence of dynamic load in the horizontal section mining of SIETCS are systematically studied by combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation. On this basis, the mechanism of rock burst in horizontal section mining of SIETCS is put forward, verified by actual measurement. The results show that the SIETCS is “clamped” under the combined action of the same change trend of roof and floor. The maximum principal stress peak values on the roof and floor sides reach 22.0 MPa and 20.5 MPa. The maximum shear stress earned 8.7 MPa and 8.4 MPa, which makes the shear stress concentration in the coal body high and tends to “shear dislocation.” Under this “shear-clamping” action, an approximate “trapezoidal” plastic zone and a “rectangular” stress concentration zone are formed under the section. With the increase of mining depth, the “shear-clamping” action of SIETCS becomes more and more intense. When the roof cantilever reaches the ultimate span and breaks, the intense dynamic load increases the shear stress and failure of coal, which is easy to induce rock burst. The superimposed load greatly affects the area from the roof side to the middle of the working face, and the rock burst is intense. The rock burst is weak on the floor side due to the pressure relief of the surrounding plastic zone. The monitoring results show that the supports pressure and MS events activity on the roof side and near the middle part of the working face is considerable, while the floor side is opposite, which verifies the research results.
Clinical application of platelet-rich fibrin to enhance dental implant stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Shuai , Yang Lei , Bai Jiuping , Ning Chunliu , Zhang Xingkui , Xiao Tiepeng , Li Xiangjun
Published: May 2022

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is widely used in bone graft surgery; however, the effects of PRF on the increase in the implant site or postoperative bone mass and on the improvement in implant stability remain unclear and controversial. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess whether PRF has a significant effect on the stability of dental implants after implant surgery.Methods: Three databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched until December 31, 2020. The search terms “platelet-rich fibrin,” “dental implants,” “single-tooth,” “stability,” “implant stability quotient,” “alveolar bone regeneration,” “alveolar ridge augmentation,” “alveolar bone loss,” and “bone resorption” were used in combination to identify publications reporting data for dental implant stability related to the use of PRF. Fixed- or random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the estimates of the mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.Results: After screening based on the inclusion criteria, nine randomized controlled trials were included. Low heterogeneity was observed in study characteristics, outcome variables, and estimation scales (I2 = 34%, P=0.15). The qualitative and meta-analysis results showed that PRF increased the effect of implant stabilizers after implant surgery regardless of implant site (upper or lower jaw). Application of a combination of PRF and biomaterials did not significantly increase the implant stability quotient compared with application of PRF alone.Conclusions: The results of the present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PRF can increase implant stability after implant surgery regardless of whether the implant site is in the maxilla or mandible. PRF may also have a role in accelerating bone healing and tends to promote the formation of new bone at the implant site.Registration: The review methodology was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230308).
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of pathogens Isolated from different age groups with Urinary Tract Infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Abedin Mohammad Zakerin , Akter Koly Farjana , Md. Quruni , B Aktar Md. , Irfanul Islam Muhammad , An Rahaman Md. , Noor-E-Kashif Farnaz , E Arfat Md. , Shahangir Biswas Mohammad , Rubait Hasan , Husna Shathi Jamiatul , Aktar Ahmed Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common nosocomial infection in many hospitals and routine clinical practices. Contemporary knowledge of pathogens and their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility is essential for updating antibiotic policy. Methods: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.A total of 1288 clinical samples were aseptically collected from UTI patients. After collection, pathogenic bacteria was isolated and identified with biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method using 14 commercial antibiotics. Results: Out of 1288 samples, 398 samples showed positive growth with various pathogens. Further analysis of samples presented a high prevalence of UTI in female than male. Identified pathogens were mostly E. coli (82.41%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp.. Most of the bacteria showed high (≥ 98.25%) sensitivity to Meropenem; moderate susceptibility to Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime and Nitrofurantoin and least (<20%) sensitivity to Cefixime, Cephradine, Cefuroxime, Clindamycin, and Trimethoprime. Conclusion: These results are of clinical and epidemiological significance, enhancing the studies to identify causative pathogens and sensitivity patterns of pathogens in UTIs, as well as improving clinicians’ knowledge of how to select the best antibiotics and ultimately contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Application of theoretical domains framework to explore the enablers of, and barriers to, physical activity among university staff and Students: A qualitative study
Authors: Ndupu Lawrence Bismarck , Staples Vicki , Lipka Sigrid , Faghy Mark , Bessadet Nawel , Bussell Chris
Published: May 2022

Background: Physical inactivity is an increasing public health issue which has been associated with several chronic illnesses. However, despite strong evidence indicating the health benefits of physical activity, many university staff and students tend to be physically inactive. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived barriers to and enablers of physical activity among staff and students in a university setting, using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out in a university in the East Midlands’ region of the United Kingdom. Eight group interviews were conducted with 6 male and 15 female (mean age= 40.5 ± 10.6 years) university staff with different job roles (e.g., academic, administrative, cleaning and catering staff), and 12 male and 7 female (mean age= 28.6 ± 4.7 years) students at different stages of study (e.g., undergraduate, postgraduate, and international students). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported into Nvivo12 software, responses were coded using the TDF where theory-driven deductive content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The evolving themes from the group interviews mapped to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework as enablers and/or barriers to physical activity. However, 71% of these themes mapped to six major domains of the TDF (i.e., environmental context and resources; intentions; social influences; knowledge; beliefs about capabilities; and social/professional role and identity), and thus established as the major enablers of and barriers to physical activity among university staff and students.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the capability, opportunity and motivation of university staff and students to engage in physical activity are influenced by several enablers and barriers. This study therefore provides a theoretical foundation to inform the development of bespoke interventions to increase physical activity among inactive university staff and students, as well as in other settings.
Velocity tracking and Pitch Depth Regulation of Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle using Different Control Strategies
Authors: V Aruna M
Published: May 2022

Pertaining to the past twenty years, research on the movement control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) has become a significant point because of their wide scope of utilization in different fields like environmental research, security patrol, surveillance, rescue, etc. In this paper, velocity tracking problem of a new Bio-mimetic (Biologically inspired) AUV in a horizontal plane and depth-pitch tracking is addressed. Bio-mimetic AUVs (BAUVs) strives to enhance performance in diverse ocean conditions. The performance parameters like speed, efficiency, maneuverability, and stealth are remarkable compared to conventional AUVs. The proposed modeling approach is based on the kinematics and dynamic equations of marine vehicles. A conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller with different tuning methods is used in this work for motion controlling purposes. Later on, a robust control method is presented to achieve better performance.
Nutritional prehabilitation in head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Cantwell Linda A , Fahy Emer , Walters Emily R , Patterson Joanne M
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Prehabilitation affords an opportunity to support the management of malnutrition that is strongly associated with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the components of nutritional prehabilitation interventions and their effects on nutritional and health outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was completed within Medline (including PubMed), CINHAL, Cochrane database, EMBASE, PRoQUEST, clinical trials registries and grey literature to identify studies involving a nutritional intervention pre-treatment in head and neck cancer patients receiving any form of curative therapy. Nutritional intervention was defined as a specified period pre-treatment and outcomes measures had to include assessment of nutritional status or body composition. Quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias 2. Results: From 557 identified studies, two met the inclusion criteria. Due to the low number of studies a meta-analysis was not indicated. Both studies conducted a nutritional intervention using an “enriched formula” in malnourished patients prior to surgery. Neither study reported the intervention was effective for reducing weight loss, physical function, surgical complications, or length of stay versus the comparison. Conclusion: There is limited nutritional prehabilitation research within head and neck cancer. An “enriched formula” provided in the prehabilitation period appears no more advantageous than routine standard nutritional formula in mitigating against the weight loss experienced in malnourished head and neck patient. Due to the malnutrition risks on diagnosis and the negative impact of poor nutritional status on clinical and functional outcomes robust nutritional prehabilitation research is required to inform clinical practice.
Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergency transport of children by an emergency medical service system: A population-based, ORION registry study
Authors: Ota Koshi , Nishioka Daisuke , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Masui Jun , Ota Kanna , Nitta Masahiko , Matsuoka Tetsuya , Takasu Akira
Published: May 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, has spread rapidly around the world.Objective: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency medical service (EMS) and hospital admission course for children transported by ambulance.Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive study with a study period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 using the Osaka Emergency Information Research Intelligent Operation Network (ORION) system. All children who were transported by ambulance in Osaka Prefecture were included. The main outcome of this study was the rate of difficult-to-transfer cases, which was calculated by univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses.Results: Over the 3 years between January 1, 2018 and December 31 2020, 1,436,212 patients were transported to hospitals by ambulances in Osaka Prefecture, with children accounting for 102,473 (37,064, 39,590, and 25,819, in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively). Poisson regression analysis showed that children were negatively associated with difficult-to-transfer cases (risk ratio (RR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.37). With reference to 2018, 2020 was not significantly associated with difficult-to-transfer cases in children (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.32, P=0.075), but was significantly related (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.27, P<0.001) to difficult-to-transfer cases in the general population.Conclusion: Children were consistently associated with a reduced RR for difficult-to-transfer cases, even in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Effect of a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator on the Purinergic Pathway in an Animal Model of Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Cuevas Ester , Aliagas Elisabet , Paul Tanja , Pascual-González Yuliana , López-Sánchez Marta , Barberà Joan Albert , Dorca Jordi , Peinado Víctor Ivo , Santos Salud
Published: May 2022

Purinergic and nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways appear to be involved in the development of emphysema and vascular remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In an animal model, we evaluate the gene and protein expression of ENTPD1/CD39 and NT5E/CD73, and the effect on this expression of a guanylate cyclase (GC) stimulator. Forty-two guinea pigs underwent sham exposure (SHAM) or cigarette smoke (CS) exposure from three to six months. They were divided into six groups (sham-exposed, smokers or former smokers) and treated with vehicle (VH) or BAY 41-2272 (GC stimulator) for three months. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and qPCR assays were performed on lung tissue samples. Compared to SHAM + VH, ENTPD1 and NT5E were downregulated in the CS + VH group (1 ± 0 vs. 0.78 ± 0.51, p > 0.05, and 1 ± 0 vs. 0.45 ± 0.27, p = 0.027 respectively). Treatment with BAY 41-2722 increased ENTPD1 and NT5E expression to 1.06 ± 0.4 and 0.71 ± 0.35, respectively. No changes in the Ex-CS + BAY group were found. NT5E/CD73 was downregulated in the lungs of an animal model of emphysema. Treatment with a soluble GC stimulator tended to restore the gene and protein expression of ENTPD1/CD39 and NT5E/CD73 in smoke-exposed animals, suggesting its implication in a new mechanism for preventing emphysema.
Nature, risk factors, prevalence, neurotransmitter role, and survival investigation of acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide cases in humans in a tertiary hospital in Telangana, India.
Authors: Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Kumar Kumpati Rajesh , Rajendra Sangaraju , Gouda Balaji , Chougule Priyanka , Naik Ramavath Pandu
Published: May 2022

Background:Pesticides represent many risks to human and environmental health, but few end-user selection criteria account for differences in risk across compounds. People who inadvertently consume toxins such as organophosphate pesticides were commonly seen in India's tertiary hospital emergency departments. However, the scarcity of knowledge about organophosphorus pesticide toxicity and the pesticide influences on neurotransmitters' role in humans is not reported.Aim and ObjectiveTo investigate the name of the OP pesticide consumed, their severity of the poisoning, and socio-demographic data (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), were not consume OP pesticide. Furthermore, we estimated the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in acute OP poison human plasma and survival and mortality in human suicidal cases with different OP pesticides at general tertiary hospitals in India.MethodsThis prospective studydata (N=116, were OP pesticide exposed) and Control group (N=5), aims on hospital admitted human suicidal attempt cases to examine the toxicity of organophosphorus poisons. The data was collected to explore the socio-demographic characteristics of OP poisoned patients based on source, site, and route of poison, education, occupational status, and purpose of poisoning. ELISA kits determined the estimation of neurotransmitters. GraphPad Prism version 5.0 was used to interpret the data, including Dunnett's multiple comparison analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival plots.Findings/ResultsDuring the three years of this prospective investigation of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning in humans, we surveyed one hundred and sixteen instances of attempted suicide by ingesting OP pesticides. Males accounted for 72.41% of the cases, while females accounted for 27.59%. We observed that, based on the survival plot, N = 75.9% of patients were discharged, and the remaining cases died (N = 24.1% of patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Findings suggested that the serotonin levels significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) were decreased from 12 to 36 hours, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 hours compared to the control group.Interpretation/ConclusionSuicidal poisoning is induced by a mix of psychological and social reasons; certain poisoning patterns are more common in demographic niche clusters. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioral changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP poison cases. So the clinician should focus on treatment and maintain the imbalance of these neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.
New PCB Defect Identification and Classification Method Combining MobileNet Algorithm and Improved YOLOv4 Model
Authors: Zhu Hongjin , Xing Lina , Fan Honghui , Wu Tao
Published: May 2022

With the popularization of the emerging 3C products (e.g., smartwatches, smart entertainment robots, and various wearable devices), printed circuit boards (PCBs), considered as the core of electronic products, have gained more attention in terms of the performance in the quality control. Many studies have been conducted and outstanding results have been obtained. However, there are still many challenges, e.g., the complexity and diversity of the PCB small defect dataset. To further cope with the above problems, the improved YOLOv4 algorithm is designed and verified in terms of the detection performance on a public PCB small defect dataset. First, the size distributions of six class defect images are analyzed; the reasonable size of anchor boxes is re-designed and assigned to multiscale feature layers. Second, the ADD-path module and the DSCBlock-W module combined with the MobiletNetv2 module are used to construct the backbone of the YOLOv4 method. Finally, the fusion of multilevel features is enhanced and the data information of the low-level feature is fully utilized, thereby enabling YOLOv4 to better detect small defects. Compared to different state-of-the-art methods, the improved YOLOv4 method obtains an mAP as high as 99.71%, which confirms the efficiency and accuracy of the improved method.
Eco-Anxiety: Ontario Teachers’ Insights into Effective Environmental Education Pedagogy
Authors: Liu Yin
Published: May 2022

In recent years, there is a growing concern of eco-anxiety, an anxiety evoked by negative accounts on Climate Change. Globally, scholars find that this anxiety, manifested in expressions such as frustration and fatigue, decreases interests and de-motivate learners (see, e.g., Ojala, 2017). In addition, literature about teachers’ self-efficacy is limited, indicating a lack of support for teachers to integrate environmental education across curricula. Although the policy document outlines ways in which teachers can implement research-based practices, few teachers in reality take up the initiative. Thus, this empirical paper will explore the phenomenon of learning and teaching anxiety in environmental education through two Ontario teachers’ perspectives. In the two interviews collected, lack of empirical evidence to apply research-based practice prevails to account for anxiety in environmental education. Further, given the shared challenge brought by Climate Change, this paper will bring insights to practitioners devoted into this area to address the collective crisis.
Intraarterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in Mexico: A retrospective case-series study in a referral center
Authors: Ancona-Lezama David , Garza-Garza Lucas A. , Bastán-Fabián Daniel , Figueroa-Sánchez José A. , Morales-Garza Héctor J. , Ruiz-Lozano Raúl E. , Garza-Durón Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular neoplasm of childhood. While survival rates, globe salvage, and disease stage at presentation have significantly improved in the last decades in high-income countries (HICs), retinoblastoma remains a clinical challenge in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, novel therapies such as intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) are often unavailable, or underused, in middle or low-income countries. Methods: We present a retrospective case series, where we examine the outcomes of 6 eyes in 6 patients who received IAC as primary, or secondary, therapy for retinoblastoma. Results: Four eyes resulted in disease remission, while two ultimately were enucleated due to ophthalmic artery anatomic issues. Nevertheless, all patients remain disease free at last follow-up. Conclusion: Intraarterial chemotherapy is a safe and effective alternative for treating retinoblastoma. Unfortunately, due to disparity in healthcare access between different socioeconomic strata, it is not a common therapy in Mexico. Further work needs to be undertaken, such as increasing awareness of this disease, inter-institutional twinning, and overall improvement in healthcare access.
Effect of a real-time automatic nosocomial infection surveillance system on hospital- acquired infection prevention and control
Authors: Wen Ruiling , Li Xinying , Liu Tingting , Lin Guihong
Published: May 2022

Background: The systematic collection of valid data related to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is considered effective for nosocomial infection prevention and control programs. New strategies to reduce HAIs have recently fueled the adoption of real-time automatic nosocomial infection surveillance systems (RT-NISSs). Although RT-NISSs have been implemented in some hospitals for several years, the effect of RT-NISS on HAI prevention and control needs to be further explored.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of inpatients from January 2017 to December 2019 was performed. We collected hospital-acquired infection (HAI) cases and multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) infection cases by traditional surveillance in period 1 (from January 2017 to December 2017), and these cases were collected in period 2 (from January 2018 to December 2018) and period 3 (from January 2019 to December 2019) using a real-time nosocomial infection surveillance system (RT-NISS). The accuracy of MDRO infection surveillance results over the 3 periods was examined. The trends of antibiotic utilization rates and pathogen culture rates in periods 2 and 3 were also analysed.Results: A total of 114647 inpatients, including 2242 HAI cases, were analysed. The incidence of HAIs in period 2 was significantly greater than that in period 1 (2.28% vs. 1.48%, c²=61.963, p<0.001) and period 3 (2.28% vs. 2.05%, c²=4.767, p=0.029). The incidence of five HAI sites, including respiratory infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI), bloodstream infection (BSI) and skin and soft tissue infection, was significantly greater in period 2 compared with period 1 (both p<0.05) but was not significantly different from that in period 3. The incidence of hospital-acquired MDRO infections in period 3 was lower than that in period 2. The identification of MDRO infection cases using the RT-NISS achieved a high level of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), especially in period 3 (Se=100%, Sp=100%, PPV=100% and NPV=100%).Conclusion: The adoption of a RT-NISS to adequately and accurately collect HAI cases is useful to prevent and control HAIs. Furthermore, RT-NISSs improve accuracy in MDRO infection case reporting, which can timely and accurately guide and supervise clinicians in implementing MDRO infection prevention and control measures.