bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplying lead firms, intangible assets and power in global value chains: Explaining governance in the fertilizer chain
Authors: Tups Gideon , Dannenberg Peter
Published: January 2023

Global suppliers of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agrochemicals exert increasing degrees of power in global value chains (GVCs). Although the GVC literature has explained how global buyers govern GVCs from the buying‐end, the question of how global suppliers achieve governance from the supplying‐end remains underexplored. We address this gap by combining a multidimensional typology of power with literature on intangible assets. We argue that intangible assets are crucial resources for global suppliers to morph otherwise ungovernable supply chains for undifferentiated input commodities into more sophisticated and governable GVCs. We illustrate our argument with the case of the global fertilizer supplier, YARA International. YARA's intangible asset investments were instrumental in governing the value chain integration of Tanzanian smallholder farmers. They allowed YARA to exert more than bargaining power (demonstrative, institutional and constitutive power) and to effectively position itself as supplying lead firm in Tanzania's agro‐industrial GVC.
Phenolic profiles of non‐industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed varieties collected from four different Moroccan regions
Authors: Benkirane Chaymae , Mansouri Farid , Ben Moumen Abdessamad , Taaifi Yassine , Melhaoui Reda , Caid Hana Serghini , Fauconnier Marie‐Laure , Elamrani Ahmed , Abid Malika
Published: January 2023

This study aims to characterise the seeds of two varieties (Beldia and Critical) of hemp grown in four geographical areas of northern Morocco regarding their phenolic compounds and antioxidant power. Thirty‐three phenolic compounds were identified using the HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MS2 technique. The phenolic profiles of hemp seeds of all varieties from all regions were characterised by their richness in N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (390.22–721.41 μg g−1), cannabisin A (217.96–393.37 μg CTE g−1) and cannabisin B (195.25–331.28 μg CTE g−1). The antioxidant activities (expressed as IC50 and EC50 values) were 1.83–4.14, 1.64–4.37, 2.45–6.02, 2.65–9.29 and 1.75–4.37 mg mL−1 of extract for the TAC, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP tests respectively. A two‐way analysis of variance showed that phenolic compounds' content was mainly related to the geographical location and its interaction with the genotype factor. Multivariate analysis showed that hemp seeds from the Jebha and Galaz regions were characterised by a high level of phenolic compounds and a potent antioxidant activity compared to Tamorot and Ratba regions. This characterisation constitutes an interesting database for breeders to create new varieties that meet fluctuating expectations of the cannabis industry.
Role of inulin in dough and bread during freezing storage
Authors: Yang Heng , Wang Yangyang , Li Qian , Shuang Yuan , Song Jinsong , Pan Xiuyun , Ding Wenping , Ding Beibei , Wang Xuedong
Published: January 2023

Effects of inulin on yeast in frozen dough and bread prepared from the frozen dough were examined in this study. The number of hydrogen bonds increased accordingly and both short‐chain and long‐chain inulin in the dough could combine with more water and reduce water migration. And both these inulin types improved the survival rate and fermentability of yeast. Inulin addition to dough frozen for 4 weeks increased yeast survival by 32–36.6% compared with doughs lacking inulin. The fermentation ability in doughs stored with short‐chain inulin was greater than those stored with long‐chain inulin although these compounds significantly increased the specific volume, improved the slice structure and reduced bread hardness. The quality improvement using short‐chain inulin was significantly better than that of long‐chain inulin. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the addition of inulin could effectively reduce the damage to yeast cells and improve the quality of frozen dough and bread.
Obstacles to labour market participation among Arab Palestinian women in Israel
Authors: MIAARI Sami H. , KHATTAB Nabil , SABBAH‐KARKABI Maha
Published: January 2023

Despite recent increases in educational attainment among Arab Palestinian women in Israel, their labour force participation rates continue to be below those of Jewish women. This study draws on data from the Israeli Labour Force Survey and Social Survey covering the period 1995–2016 to investigate whether this pattern can be explained by socio‐economic and demographic factors, level of religiosity, human capital assets, family structure and related public policies, and early retirement. All these factors are found to affect the probability of Arab Palestinian women participating in the labour market, raising implications for labour market policies.
Epidemiology of in‐hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care unit in Australia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Veerappa Shilpa , Orosz Judit , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David , Jones Daryl
Published: January 2023

Background

In‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) affects approximately 3000 patients annually in Australia. Introduction of the National Standard for Deteriorating Patients in 2011 was associated with reduced IHCA‐related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and reduced in‐hospital mortality of such patients.

Aims

To assess whether the reduction in IHCA‐related ICU admissions from hospital wards seen following the implementation of the national standard (baseline period 2013–2014) was sustained over the follow‐up period (2015–2019) in Australia.

Methods

A multi‐centre retrospective cohort study to compare the characteristics and outcomes of IHCA admitted to the ICU between baseline and follow‐up periods. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients admitted to ICU from the ward following IHCA. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital mortality of IHCA‐related ICU admissions. Data were analysed using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The proportion of cardiac arrest‐related admissions from the ward was lower in the follow‐up period when compared to baseline (4.1 vs 3.8%; P = 0.04). Such patients had lower illness severity and were more likely to have limitations of medical treatment at admission. However, after adjustment for severity of illness, the likelihood of being admitted to ICU following cardiac arrest on the ward increased in the follow‐up period (odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (1.05–1.22); P = 0.001). Hospital mortality was lower in the follow‐up period (50.3 vs 46.3%; P = 0.02), but after adjustment the likelihood of death did not differ between the periods (OR 1.0 (0.86–1.17); P = 0.98).

Conclusion

After adjustment for the severity of illness, the likelihood of being admitted to ICU after IHCA slightly increased in the follow‐up period.
Civil society organisations in and against the state: Advice, advocacy and activism on the margins of the labour market
Authors: Mustchin Stephen , Johnson Mathew , Lopez‐Andreu Marti
Published: January 2023

This article contributes to our understanding of the complex role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in tackling precariousness through advice, advocacy and activism. It draws on qualitative data gathered primarily from two local CSOs in the north of England that help clients navigate a highly flexible labour market and an increasingly punitive welfare system. The findings reveal that in marginalised communities, CSOs compensate for retreating state services by providing clients with individual advice and advocacy, but there is little evidence of the grassroots activism observed in labour CSOs in North America. We argue that the uneven tradition of community organising across cities in the UK combined with the complex dependencies of service‐oriented CSOs on state resources has restricted their role to that of labour market intermediaries that serve primarily to integrate clients into low‐wage jobs.
A tooth‐supported titanium mesh bending and positioning module for alveolar bone augmentation and improving accuracy
Authors: Zhang Gaowei , Miao Xinhai , Lin Hongkai , Qi Bo , Wu Yingying
Published: January 2023

Objective

Guided bone regeneration with titanium mesh is a commonly used bone augmentation technique. However, deformation and sliding may occur during the installation of titanium mesh, which may lead to poor accuracy of bone augmentation. This article presented three cases, which describe a tooth‐supported titanium mesh bending and positioning module aiming to improve the precision of bone augmentation.

Clinical Considerations

After designing the ideal bone increment volume digitally, print out the difference bone module between the ideal and existing bone mass and one or two wings. The wings are supported by the adjacent teeth to show the ideal bone mass in the patients' mouth. Finally, the titanium mesh is bent and installed in the ideal position by the module.

Conclusions

A favorable outcome has been preliminarily confirmed in these cases, the average vertical bone gain was 4.16 mm and the average horizontal gain was 7.48 mm after 6 months. Using the module in the treatment of patients with bone augmentation can effectively improve the accuracy, the maximum deviation was 1.5 mm and the mean was 0.6 mm.

Clinical Significance

This study improves the bone augmentation technology with titanium mesh. The titanium mesh is fixed in the ideal position, which facilitates subsequent implantation and denture repair.
Navigating the theoretical landscape of loneliness research: How interdisciplinary synergy contributes to further conceptualizations
Authors: Delafontaine Haike , Van Gasse Dries , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: January 2023

Despite the relevance of loneliness to family scholarship, an attempt to integrate various perspectives on loneliness with relevant insights from loneliness research for understanding contemporary families has not yet been made. Although quantitative researchers have developed measures that have been fruitful in broadening insights about loneliness, they have failed to grasp its multidimensional and dynamic nature. Due to a shift in emphasis from lived experiences to correlational variables, loneliness research has been confronted with two particular problems. First, endeavors to refine previous conceptualizations of loneliness have stagnated. Second, research questions are scattered across a variety of disciplines. This article provides an integrated multidisciplinary theory from which it becomes clear that a family focus is of great importance to all disciplines concerned with loneliness, because opportunities for social interaction, relational standards, and sources of loneliness depend on familial and developmental histories and the cultural orientation of the families in which individuals live.
Why do banks use credit default swaps (CDS)? A systematic review
Authors: Tabassum  , Yameen Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Credit default swaps (CDS)—the fiercely discussed derivatives instrument since the explosion of the recent global credit crunch—are still subject to considerable theoretical and practical debate. More than a decade after significant developments in CDS literature, we currently lack a holistic understanding of the disparate strands of evidence, synthesizing analytical advancements in the field. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review of 143 publications (peer‐reviewed and first‐tier grey literature), focusing on three key areas: CDS characteristics and development, credit risk hedging, and determinants of CDS use, and performed the first bibliometric mapping for CDS. Our review makes the following contributions. First, measuring CDS characteristics and development gives a snapshot of how CDS remained a significant indicator for hedging corporate lending risk. Second, by mapping the research landscape, we provide insights into banks’ use of CDS; in particular, we show that banks use CDS to obtain capital relief, enhance liquidity and profitability, limit credit supply, and consequently mitigate their NPLs’ level. Moreover, the use of CDS by lenders increases firms’ leverage and value. Leaving a fertile area for debates and future research, the outcomes of this review help provide policy guidance to regulators and financial institutions that make informed decisions to use CDS as a credit risk management instrument.
Insertions and deletions in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis E virus genome in individuals with acute and chronic infection
Authors: Biedermann Paula , Klink Patrycja , Nocke Maximilian K. , Papp Christian‐Patrick , Harms Dominik , Kebelmann Marianne , Thürmer Andrea , Choi Mira , Altmann Britta , Todt Daniel , Hofmann Jörg , Bock Claus‐Thomas
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Hepatitis E virus is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide and can progress to chronicity in immunocompromised individuals. Various virus–host recombination events have been reported in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis E virus genome, but the patterns of assembly and selection remain unclear.

Methods

To gain further insight into viral evolution, we assessed the presence of low abundance variants in 16 samples from individuals with acute or chronic infection using a targeted next‐generation sequencing approach.

Results

In seven samples, different variants with insertions and/or deletions were identified. Among them, eight insertions originating either from human genes or from the hepatitis E virus genome. Five different deletions could be identified. The amino acid composition of sequences with insertions showed a higher frequency of lysine and a lower abundance of proline, and additionally acetylation and ubiquitination sites were more frequent than in hepatitis E virus wild‐type sequences.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the nucleotide composition of insertions and sites for post‐translational modification may contribute to recombination events. Although the impact of low‐level hepatitis E virus variants is uncertain, our results highlight the importance of a highly sensitive next‐generation sequencing approach to capture the full diversity of hypervariable region.
Recruiting and engaging adolescents in creating overweight and obesity prevention policies: The CO‐CREATE project
Authors: Bröer Christian , Ayuandini Sherria , Baillergeau Evelyne , Moerman Gerben , Veltkamp Gerlieke , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Budin‐Ljøsne Isabelle , Rito Ana Isabel , Stensdal Maja , Lien Nanna , Klepp Knut‐Inge
Published: January 2023

The CO‐CREATE project aims to collaborate with adolescents across Europe in developing policy ideas that contribute to overweight and obesity prevention. In this paper, we present the theoretical basis and methodological approach to recruitment and engagement in the project. The principles of youth‐led participatory action research were employed to design Youth Alliances in which adolescents and adults could collaborate. These Alliances should serve to promote and support adolescent participation and to develop policy ideas that would contribute to obesity prevention. Alliance members were recruited in two local geographical areas per country with a focus on reaching out to underrepresented youth. We started with fieldwork to assess locally relevant forms of inclusion and exclusion. The methodology entailed a handbook combining existing tools which could be used flexibly, a collaborative organization, and budgets for the alliances. Engagement started in local organizations, that is, schools and scouts, and with peers. Health‐ and overweight‐related challenges were addressed in their immediate surroundings and supported the inclusion of experiential knowledge. Adolescents were then supported to address the wider obesogenic system when designing policy ideas. The CO‐CREATE Alliances provide a concrete example of how to engage youth in public health, in a manner that strives to be participatory, transformative, and inquiry based.
Craniofacial and dental features of Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome patients with PITX2 mutations
Authors: Arte Sirpa , Pöyhönen Minna , Myllymäki Emmi , Ronkainen Elisa , Rice David P. , Nieminen Pekka
Published: January 2023

We aimed to characterize the genetic basis and craniofacial and dental features of Finnish patients with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS). Mutational analyses of seven patients in five families were performed by sequencing or comparative genomic hybridization. Phenotypic analysis was based on both clinical and radiographic examinations, as well as on medical data. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of five patients were analysed using Viewbox 3.1‐Cephalometric Software. The cephalometric values were compared to Finnish population‐standard values of the same age and gender. Two frameshift mutations and three whole gene deletions were detected in five families. Class III skeletal relationship with retrognathic maxilla and mildly retrognathic mandible were detected in all five patients studied. Significant differences compared with the control values were in SNA (P = .0014), ANB (P = .0043) and SNB angles (P = .013). Five patients had anterior crossbite. Six patients showed tooth agenesis. The average number of missing teeth (third molars excluded) was 9 (range 0‐15). The tooth agenesis rate was 52% in maxilla and 26% in mandible. Maxillary central and lateral permanent incisors were most often missing (rate 71% equally) while no one lacked canines or first molars in mandible. Two patients had a supernumerary mandibular permanent incisor. Six patients had either taurodontic and/or single‐rooted molars. Our results suggest that class III skeletal relationship with maxillary and mandibular retrognathism, anterior crossbite, maxillary incisor agenesis and taurodontic, even pyramidal, roots are common determinants of ARS caused by PITX2 mutations.
The acceleration of emotional labor research: Navigating the past and steering toward the future
Authors: Gabriel Allison S. , Diefendorff James M. , Grandey Alicia A.
Published: January 2023

The past four decades of scholarship on emotional labor—the regulation of feelings and expressions performed to fulfill interpersonal work role expectations—has transformed our understanding of the purpose and outcomes of managing emotions at work. In last decade's comprehensive review by Grandey and Gabriel (2015), emotional labor research was described as stalled, with a need for detours around roadblocks related to three areas: (1) conceptualization and measurement of emotional labor; (2) more attention to the why and when emotional labor occurs; and (3) a wider set of performance and well‐being criteria. In our focused review of the most recent decade, we highlight how scholars navigated around the roadblocks, pointing out the remaining speedbumps and calling attention to the ways that research in Personnel Psychology contributed to these new directions. We conclude with a map pointing scholars toward the intersection of emotional labor with three grand challenges for the future of work: employee mental health, diversity and inclusion, and remote/virtual work and novel work arrangements—three topics that are needed extensions of where emotional labor scholarship has previously been. As such, our review builds an open road for the acceleration of emotional labor scholarship.
Phytophthora species cause sudden and severe decline of naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings
Authors: Jankowiak Robert , Stępniewska Hanna , Bilański Piotr , Taerum Stephen Joshua
Published: January 2023

Natural tree regeneration is a fundamental process in forest ecosystems ensuring the persistence and resilience of forest stands. Research on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Central European forests has mainly focused on the impacts of abiotic processes, while little is known about the impact of pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate Phytophthora species and identify the role that they may play in the decline of beech seedlings in Poland. A total of 1192 Phytophthora isolates were obtained from 300 symptomatic beech seedlings (60 seedlings from each of five stands): 638 isolates from seedlings exhibiting above‐ground symptoms and 554 isolates from seedlings that had roots with damping‐off symptoms. Based on morphological and molecular identification, the isolated species were Phytophthora cactorum, P. × cambivora, P. europaea, P. gonapodyides, P. plurivora and P. pseudosyringae. P. cactorum, P. × cambivora, P. europaea and P. plurivora were the most frequently isolated species from both above‐ and below‐ground organs. P. cactorum, P. × cambivora and P. plurivora were the most pathogenic species in the pathogenicity trials and caused 100% seedling mortality within 14 days of inoculation of the above‐ground organs. One single isolate of P. europaea was similarly pathogenic. P. gonapodyides, and P. pseudosyringae induced seedling mortality after inoculation of the cotyledons but not the roots. Our results demonstrate that Phytophthora may play an important role in reduction of naturally regenerated European beech seedlings.
Recognition of the novel HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:15 allele in a Russian bone marrow donor
Authors: Loginova Maria , Druzhinina Svetlana , Paramonov Igor , Zarubin Maksim
Published: January 2023

One nucleotide substitution in pseudoexon 5 of HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:15.
HLA‐C*07:1044N a novel allele, caused by a single nucleotide deletion in exon 3 of HLA‐C*07:01:01:01
Authors: Verboom Murielle , Vergin Lina , Streich Hannah , Hallensleben Michael
Published: January 2023

HLA‐C*07:1044N differs from HLA‐C*07:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide deletion in exon 3, codon 124, nt. 442.
Universal flow-induced orientational ordering of colloidal rods in planar shear and extensional flows: Dilute and semidilute concentrations
Authors: Chun Byoungjin , Jung Hyun Wook
Published: January 2023

The design of flow processes to build a macroscopic bulk material from rod-shaped colloidal particles has drawn considerable attention from researchers and engineers. Here, we systematically explore and show that the characteristic strain rate of the flow universally determines the orientational ordering of colloidal rods. We employed the fluctuating lattice Boltzmann method by simulating hydrodynamically interacting Brownian rods in a Newtonian liquid moving under various flow types. By modeling a rigid rod as a chain of nonoverlapping solid spheres with constraint forces and torque, we elucidate rigid rod dynamics with an aspect ratio (L/d) either 4.1 or 8.1 under various rotational Péclet number (Per) conditions. The dynamics of colloidal rods in dilute (nL3=0.05) and semidilute suspensions (nL3=1.1) were simulated for a wide range of Per (0.01<Per<1000) under shear flows including Couette and Poiseuille flows in a planar channel geometry, and an extensional and mixed-kinematics flow in a periodic four-roll mill geometry, where n is the number density, and d and L are the diameter and length of the rod, respectively. By evaluating the degree of orientational alignment of rods along the flows, we observed that there is no significant difference between flow types, and the flow-induced ordering of rods depends on the variation of Per up to moderate Per (Per<100). At a high Per (Per>100), the degree of orientational ordering is prone to diversify depending on the flow type. The spatial inhomogeneity of the strain-rate distribution leads to a substantial decrease in the orientational alignment at high Per.
Instant yield stress measurement from falling drop size: The “syringe test”
Authors: Geffrault A. , Bessaies-Bey H. , Roussel N. , Coussot P.
Published: January 2023

We analyze different flow regimes of a filament formed by extrusion of a material through a cylindrical die. We deduce that the elongational yield stress of a simple yield stress fluid (i.e., with negligible thixotropy effects) can be determined from the mass of the droplet after filament breakage and an estimation of the critical radius at pinch-off at the solid-liquid regime transition. We demonstrate that such a simple characterization is relevant in a relatively wide range of extrusion velocities, i.e., this velocity slightly affects the drop mass in this range. For the simple yield stress fluids used, Carbopol gel, clay-water paste at different concentrations, and emulsion, covering a large range of yield stress values (50–1000 Pa), the elongational yield stress appears to be equal to the simple shear yield stress times a factor equal to about 1.53. As a consequence, this simple test may be used to obtain, almost instantaneously and without sophisticated apparatus (a syringe and a balance are sufficient), a good estimate of the shear yield stress of simple yield stress fluids. In that case, the main source of uncertainty (up to about 20%) is the value of the critical radius at the solid-liquid transition. Finally, we review the operating conditions (material properties and extrusion characteristics) for which we can expect this approach to be valid.
A Novel Approach to Determining the Alactic Time Span in Connection with Assessment of the Maximal Rate of Lactate Accumulation in Elite Track Cyclists
Authors: Dunst Anna Katharina , Hesse Clemens , Feldmann Andri , Holmberg Hans Christer
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Following short-term all-out exercise, the maximal rate of glycolysis is frequently assessed on the basis of the maximal rate of lactate accumulation in the blood. Since the end of the interval without significant accumulation (talac) is 1 of 2 denominators in the calculation employed, accurate determination of this parameter is crucial. Although the very existence and definition of talac, as well as the validity of its determination as time-to-peak power (tPpeak), remain controversial, this parameter plays a key role in anaerobic diagnostics. Here, we describe a novel approach to determination of talac and compare it to the current standard. Methods: Twelve elite track cyclists performed 3 maximal sprints (3, 8, and 12 s) and a high-rate, low-resistance pedaling test on an ergometer with monitoring of crank force and pedaling rate. Before and after each sprint, capillary blood samples were taken for determination of lactate accumulation. Fatigue-free force–velocity and power–velocity profiles were generated. talac was determined as tPpeak and as the time span up to the first systematic deviation from the force–velocity profile (tFf). Results: Accumulation of lactate after the 3-second sprint was significant (0.58 [0.19] mmol L−1; P < .001, d = 1.982). tFf was <3 seconds and tPpeak was ≥3 seconds during all sprints (P < .001, d = − 2.111). Peak power output was lower than maximal power output (P < .001, d = −0.937). Blood lactate accumulation increased linearly with increasing duration of exercise (R2 ≥ .99) and intercepted the x-axis at ∼tFf. Conclusion: Definition of talac as tPpeak can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose determination of talac based on tFf, the end of the fatigue-free state that may reflect the beginning of blood lactate accumulation.
Planning the Microcycle in Elite Football: To Rest or Not to Rest?
Authors: Buchheit Martin , Settembre Maxime , Hader Karim , McHugh Derek
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To examine the association between the programming of days off (ie, no pitch training, days off feet) within turnarounds of varying length and injury rate in elite soccer. Methods: Retrospective data from 56 team seasons of players belonging to 18 elite teams performing in top leagues including the English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Bundesliga, Scottish Premiership, Major League Soccer, and the Dutch Eredivisie from January 2018 to December 2021 were analyzed (total of 1578 players, 2865 injuries, 2859 noninternational matches, and 12,939 training-session days). The turnarounds examined lasted from 3 to 8 days. Only injuries with ≥3-day time loss were retained for analysis. The authors then looked at the injury rate within each microcycle in relation to the presence of a day off or not and its programming sequences in relation to the previous match (ie, day off at D + 1 vs D + 2 for the day after the match or the following, respectively). Results: During 3- and 7-day turnarounds, the sequences including the day off feet at D + 2 were associated with 2 to 3 times lower overall noncontact injury rates than the other programming sequences (Cohen d: 0.9–2.7). For the other turnarounds, the differences between the sequences were unclear. Conclusion: The programming of a day off (or at least “off feet”) at D + 2 may be associated with moderately to largely lower incidence of noncontact injuries, especially during 3- and 7-day turnarounds.
Six-Week Joint-Specific Isometric Strength Training Improves Serve Velocity in Young Tennis Players
Authors: Baiget Ernest , Colomar Joshua , Corbi Francisco
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of specific-joint isometric strength training on serve velocity (SV), serve accuracy (SA), and force–time curve variables. Methods: Sixteen young competition tennis players were divided into an intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 6). SV, SA, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, peak rate of force development, rate of force development, and impulse (IMP) at different time frames while performing a shoulder internal rotation (SHIR) or flexion were tested at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Results: The intervention group showed significant increases in SV from pretest to posttest (7.0%, effect size [ES] = 0.87) and no variations in SA. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant increases from pretest to posttest in shoulder-flexion rate of force development at 150 (30.4%, ES = 2.44), 200 (36.5%, ES = 1.26), and 250 ms (43.7%, ES = 1.67) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (35.7%, ES = 1.18), 200 (33.4%, ES = 1.19), and 250 ms (35.6%, ES = 1.08). Furthermore, significant increases were found in shoulder-flexion rate of force development from intertest to posttest at 150 ms (24.5%, ES = 1.07) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (13.5%, ES = 0.90), 200 (19.1%, ES = 0.98), and 250 ms (27.2%, ES = 1.16). SHIR IMP changes from pretest to intertest were found at 150 ms (25.6%, ES = 1.04). The control group did not show changes in any of the tested variables. Conclusions: Six weeks of upper-limb specific-joint isometric strength training alongside habitual technical–tactical workouts results in significant increases in SV without SA detriment in young tennis players.
Reality Check for High-Performance Football: A Study of Coaching Competences Based on the International Sport Coaching Framework
Authors: Galdino Matheus , Lesch Lara , Wicker Pamela
Published: January 2023

Theoretically, professional coaches should improve team performance through a sustained, progressive, and structured training and competitive program. Nevertheless, the reality poses different expectations around football activities in Brazil, where coaching spells have lasted on average 65 days during the domestic league season. Adopting the conceptual foundation designed by the International Sport Coaching Framework (ISCF), this research aims to examine the competences perceived to be important for professional football coaches and compare them to the ISCF. This study asks the following research question: what coaching competences are expected and valued in Brazilian football, and how do they compare to the ISCF? Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 29 head coaches and 30 staff members. A directed content analysis yielded similarities around the ISCF’s functional competences, while also outlining one additional category: deliver short-term winning results. The findings reveal a set of subcategories that support the contextual idiosyncrasies of high-performance football in Brazil. Within their domestic territory, elite coaches must navigate across a puzzle of nonfootball demands to adapt to their social and political reality which apparently ranks short-term game results above the essence of sport coaching practice.
Standardized RS Ratio Metrics To Assess Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Efficacy and Potency
Authors: Reichlen Matthew J. , Born Sarah E. M. , Lyons Michael A. , Rossmassler Karen , Reid Justin , Robertson Gregory T. , Walter Nicholas D. , Voskuil Martin I.
Published: January 2023

The sigmoid E
max
model was used to describe the rRNA synthesis ratio (RS ratio) response of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
to antimicrobial concentration. RS-E
max
measures the maximal ability of a drug to inhibit the RS ratio and can be used to rank-order drugs based on their RS ratio effect. RS-EC
90
is the concentration needed to achieve 90% of the RS-E
max
, which may guide dose selection to achieve a maximal RS ratio effect
in vivo
.
A Copper-Responsive Two-Component System Governs Lipoprotein Remodeling in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Komazin Gloria , Rizk Amena A. , Armbruster Krista M. , Bonnell Victoria A. , Llinás Manuel , Meredith Timothy C.
Published: January 2023

Copper is a frontline antimicrobial used to limit bacterial growth in multiple settings. Here, we demonstrate how the response regulator CopR from a plasmid-borne two-component system in the opportunistic pathogen
L. monocytogenes
directly induces lipoprotein remodeling in tandem with copper resistance genes due to extracellular copper stress.
LGP2 Promotes Type I Interferon Production To Inhibit PRRSV Infection via Enhancing MDA5-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Zhu Zhenbang , Zhang Meng , Yuan Lili , Xu Yuqian , Zhou Han , Lian Zhengmin , Liu Panrao , Li Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

LGP2, a member of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), shows higher-affinity binding to RNA and work synergism with RIG-I or MDA5. However, LGP2 has divergent responses to different viruses, which remains controversial in antiviral immune responses. Here, we present the detailed process of LGP2 in positively regulating the anti-PRRSV response. Upon PRRSV infection, LGP2 was prone to bind to MDA5 and enhanced MDA5 signaling, manifesting the enrichment of viral RNA on MDA5 and the activation of downstream IRF3 and NF-κB, which results in increased proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon expression, ultimately inhibiting PRRSV at the early stage of infection. Moreover, PRRSV Nsp1 and Nsp2 interacted with LGP2 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, thus blocking LGP2-mediated immune response. This research helps us understand the host recognition and innate antiviral response to PRRSV infection by neglected pattern recognition receptors, which sheds light on the detailed mechanism of virus-host interaction.
Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of Priestia aryabhattai Strain BD1 Isolated from a Dye Sediment
Authors: Nsa Imade Y. , Omolere Blessing M.
Published: January 2023

The 5,079,658-bp genome of
Priestia aryabhattai
strain BD1 isolated from a dye waste sediment consists of 5,185 protein-coding genes, of which 790 were hypothetical proteins, 63 were RNAs, and 54 were pseudogenes. Putative genes involved in oxygen/redox potential sensing, dye degradation, metal toxicity, antibiotic tolerance, and benzoate metabolism were found.
Tropodithietic Acid, a Multifunctional Antimicrobial, Facilitates Adaption and Colonization of the Producer, Phaeobacter piscinae
Authors: Lindqvist Laura Louise , Jarmusch Scott A. , Sonnenschein Eva C. , Strube Mikael Lenz , Kim Janie , Nielsen Maike Wennekers , Kempen Paul J. , Schoof Erwin M. , Zhang Sheng-Da , Gram Lone
Published: January 2023

Despite the broad clinical usage of microbial secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity, little is known about their role in natural microbiomes. Here, we studied the effect of production of the antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA) on the producing strain,
Phaeobacter piscinae
S26, a member of the
Roseobacter
group.
Use of Self-Collected Dried Blood Spots and a Multiplex Microsphere Immunoassay to Measure IgG Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Nemeth Katherine L. , Yauney Erica , Rock Jean M. , Bievenue Rachel , Parker Monica M. , Styer Linda M.
Published: January 2023

Serosurveys are an essential tool for assessing immunity in a population (1, 2). However, common barriers to effective serosurveys, particularly during a pandemic, include high-costs, resources required to collect venous blood samples, lack of trained laboratory technicians, and time required to perform the assay.
The Predominance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in an Oceanic Microbial Community Amended with Cyanobacterial Lysate
Authors: Jia Yufeng , Lahm Madeline , Chen Qi , Powers Leanne , Gonsior Michael , Chen Feng
Published: January 2023

Thaumarchaeota, which are ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), are mainly chemolithoautotrophs that can fix inorganic carbon to produce organic matter in the dark. Their distinctive physiological traits and high abundance in the water column indicate the significant ecological roles they play in the open ocean.
RBD-Based ELISA and Luminex Predict Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate-Neutralizing Activity in Two Longitudinal Cohorts of German and Spanish Health Care Workers
Authors: Aguilar Ruth , Li Xue , Crowell Claudia S. , Burrell Teresa , Vidal Marta , Rubio Rocio , Jiménez Alfons , Hernández-Luis Pablo , Hofmann Dieter , Mijočević Hrvoje , Jeske Samuel , Christa Catharina , D'Ippolito Elvira , Lingor Paul , Knolle Percy A. , Roggendorf Hedwig , Priller Alina , Yazici Sarah , Carolis Carlo , Mayor Alfredo , Schreiner Patrik , Poppert Holger , Beyer Henriette , Schambeck Sophia E. , Izquierdo Luis , Tortajada Marta , Angulo Ana , Soutschek Erwin , Engel Pablo , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto , Busch Dirk H. , Moncunill Gemma , Protzer Ulrike , Dobaño Carlota , Gerhard Markus
Published: January 2023

Neutralizing antibody titers are the best correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, current tests to measure plasma or serum neutralizing activity do not allow high-throughput screening at the population level.
Genomic Analysis of the Suspicious SARS-CoV-2 Sequences in the Public Sequencing Database
Authors: Sun Xiao , Kan Chuanwen , Ma Wentai , Du Zhenglin , Li Mingkun
Published: January 2023

Sequences that are homologous to the SARS-CoV-2 genome were found in numerous sequencing runs that were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 studies in the public database. It is unclear whether they are derived from the possible progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 or contamination of more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants circulated in the population due to the lack of information on the collection, library preparation, and sequencing processes.
Accurate, Sensitive, and Rapid Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Based on CRISPR/Cas12b with One Fluid-Handling Step
Authors: Qiu Xiaotong , Liu Xueping , Wang Ruixue , Ma Xiao , Han Lichao , Yao Jiang , Li Zhenjun
Published: January 2023

This study reports a
P. aeruginosa
CRISPR-top assay which can precisely identify
P. aeruginosa
using nucleic acids from pure cultures or clinical samples in one pot with one fluid-handling step. The
P. aeruginosa
CRISPR-top reaction is suitable for on-site testing, and its diagnostic performance can be compared with that of qPCR.
Diverse Partners of the Partitioning ParB Protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kawalek Adam , Glabski Krzysztof , Bartosik Aneta Agnieszka , Wozniak Dominika , Kusiak Magdalena , Gawor Jan , Zuchniewicz Karolina , Jagura-Burdzy Grazyna
Published: January 2023

In
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, a Gram-negative pathogen causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients, the ParAB-
parS
system is involved in the precise separation of newly replicated bacterial chromosomes. In this work, we identified and characterized proteins interacting with partitioning protein ParB.
Sealing materials for a deep geological repository: evaluation of swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity data for bentonite-based sealing materials proposed for use in placement rooms
Authors: Dixon D.A. , Stone J. , Birch K. , Kim C.S.
Published: January 2023

Several countries are planning to safely contain and isolate used nuclear fuel in a deep geologic repository. Similar to other countries, Canada's Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) proposes to place used fuel in corrosion-resistant containers deep underground as part of a multiple barrier approach. Key components of the sealing systems are bentonite-based and must maintain low hydraulic conductivity and an ability to swell when in contact with free groundwater. Swelling pressure ( Ps) and hydraulic conductivity ( k) data for the specific bentonite product known as MX80 bentonite under low (<15 g/L) through high (>325 g/L) total dissolved solids’ (TDS) pore fluids that simulate groundwaters that could be encountered in sedimentary and crystalline rock geospheres are reviewed, and information from ongoing NWMO studies of behaviour is presented. These data are statistically evaluated to establish the best-fit and prediction limit relationships between compacted dry density and Ps and k as they are influenced by porefluid composition. They also allow identification of dry density and(or) TDS (salinity) conditions where Ps and k may not meet defined performance. From these analyses, it is expected that bentonite can be placed such that on achieving fluid saturation and density equilibration, it meets the requirements set for placement room fill.
Precise U–Pb zircon dates from silicic super-eruptions during late Ediacaran extension in the Avalonian Caledonia terrane of southern New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Escribano Alicia P. , Barr Sandra M. , Crowley James L.
Published: January 2023

The Coldbrook Group and related plutons in the Caledonian Highlands of southern New Brunswick contain voluminous late Ediacaran silicic rocks formed in a magmatic event not recognized in other parts of Avalonia in the northern Appalachian orogen. To better constrain the age and origin of these rocks, we used U–Pb zircon dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to check for older inherited zircon and obtain trace element data, followed by chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) to obtain precise dates. Four silicic samples were dated from the Coldbrook Group, one from the Bonnell Brook pluton, and, for comparison, a felsic lithic-crystal tuff sample from the older arc-related Broad River Group. Overlapping CA-TIMS dates of 551.57 ± 0.23, 551.38 ± 0.24, and 551.70 ± 0.20 Ma for samples from the lower, middle, and upper Coldbrook Group, respectively, and 551.71 ± 0.19 Ma for granite from the Bonnell Brook pluton show that these units crystallized in 760 000 years or less, consistent with a super-eruption event. Rhyolite from the uppermost unit of the Coldbrook Group yielded a younger date of 549.18 ± 0.09 Ma, but the large extent of that unit is consistent with the possibility of a second younger super-eruption. The felsic lithic-crystal tuff sample from the Broad River Group yielded a date of 615.48 ± 0.16 Ma, consistent with previously published dates from that group and associated plutons. Differences in zircon chemistry between the Broad River Group sample and the late Ediacaran samples are consistent with the contrasting subduction-related vs within-plate extensional tectonic settings as suggested by previous studies of whole-rock petrological characteristics of the two age groups.
SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre in Krakow, Poland
Authors: Szlachetko Jakub , Szade Jacek , Beyer Edyta , Błachucki Wojciech , Ciochoń Piotr , Dumas Paul , Freindl Kinga , Gazdowicz Grzegorz , Glatt Sebastian , Guła Krzysztof , Hormes Josef , Indyka Paulina , Klonecka Agnieszka , Kołodziej Jacek , Kołodziej Tomasz , Korecki Józef , Korecki Paweł , Kosiorowski Filip , Kosowska Karolina , Kowalski Grzegorz , Kozak Maciej , Kozioł Paulina , Kwiatek Wojciech , Liberda Danuta , Lichtenberg Henning , Madej Ewa , Mandziak Anna , Marendziak Andrzej , Matlak Krzysztof , Maximenko Alexey , Nita Paweł , Olszowska Natalia , Panaś Roman , Partyka-Jankowska Ewa , Piszak Marcel , Prange Alexander , Rawski Michał , Roman Maciej , Rosmus Marcin , Sikora Marcin , Sławek Joanna , Sobol Tomasz , Sowa Katarzyna , Spiridis Nika , Stępień Joanna , Szczepanik Magdalena , Ślęzak Michał , Ślęzak Tomasz , Tyliszczak Tolek , Ważny Grzegorz , Wiechecki Jarosław , Wilgocka-Ślęzak Dorota , Wolanin Barbara , Wróbel Paweł , Wróbel Tomasz , Zając Marcin , Wawrzyniak Adriana , Stankiewicz Marek
Published: January 2023

The SOLARIS synchrotron located in Krakow, Poland, is a third-generation light source operating at medium electron energy. The first synchrotron light was observed in 2015, and the consequent development of infrastructure lead to the first users’ experiments at soft X-ray energies in 2018. Presently, SOLARIS expands its operation towards hard X-rays with continuous developments of the beamlines and concurrent infrastructure. In the following, we will summarize the SOLARIS synchrotron design, and describe the beamlines and research infrastructure together with the main performance parameters, upgrade, and development plans.
Consensus-based optimization via jump-diffusion stochastic differential equations
Authors: Kalise Dante , Sharma Akash , Tretyakov Michael V.
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new consensus-based optimization (CBO) method where an interacting particle system is driven by jump-diffusion stochastic differential equations (SDEs). We study well-posedness of the particle system as well as of its mean-field limit. The major contributions of this paper are proofs of convergence of the interacting particle system towards the mean-field limit and convergence of a discretized particle system towards the continuous-time dynamics in the mean-square sense. We also prove convergence of the mean-field jump-diffusion SDEs towards global minimizer for a large class of objective functions. We demonstrate improved performance of the proposed CBO method over earlier CBO methods in numerical simulations on benchmark objective functions.
A diffuse-domain-based numerical method for a chemotaxis-fluid model
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Chertock Alina , Cui Shumo , Kurganov Alexander , Zhang Zhen
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider a coupled chemotaxis-fluid system that models self-organized collective behavior of oxytactic bacteria in a sessile drop. This model describes the biological chemotaxis phenomenon in the fluid environment and couples a convective chemotaxis system for the oxygen-consuming and oxytactic bacteria with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations subject to a gravitational force, which is proportional to the relative surplus of the cell density compared to the water density.

We develop a new positivity preserving and high-resolution method for the studied chemotaxis-fluid system. Our method is based on the diffuse-domain approach, which we use to derive a new chemotaxis-fluid diffuse-domain (cf-DD) model for simulating bioconvection in complex geometries. The drop domain is imbedded into a larger rectangular domain, and the original boundary is replaced by a diffuse interface with finite thickness. The original chemotaxis-fluid system is reformulated on the larger domain with additional source terms that approximate the boundary conditions on the physical interface. We show that the cf-DD model converges to the chemotaxis-fluid model asymptotically as the width of the diffuse interface shrinks to zero. We numerically solve the resulting cf-DD system by a second-order hybrid finite-volume finite-difference method and demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach on a number of numerical experiments that showcase several interesting chemotactic phenomena in sessile drops of different shapes, where the bacterial patterns depend on the droplet geometries.