bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov: Life as Service to the University
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Nekrylov Sergey A. , Mayer Georgiy V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The publication is dedicated to the contribution of Professor Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov (1921–2009) to the development of Tomsk State University. Bychkov devoted more than 50 years of his life to Tomsk State University (TSU). As the rector of TSU (1967–1983), he made a significant impact on the improvement of not only TSU, but the entire scientific and educational complex of Tomsk Oblast. As the rector, Bychkov worked a lot and fruitfully on strengthening the material base, raising the scientific and pedagogical level of professors and research workers of faculties and research institutes and, on this basis, the level of training of university specialists. Throughout its history, Tomsk State University has striven for a close combination of training highly qualified specialists with conducting fundamental and applied scientific research. In this regard, an important event for the university was the opening (1968) of the Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (the first director was A.D. Kolmakov). In the same 1968 the Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics was opened (the first director was V.A. Pegel). One of the indicators of the recognition of TSU’s merits in the field of scientific work was the approval of Tomsk State University as the basic university of the West Siberian Scientific and Methodological Council of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the RSFSR. The contribution of Tomsk State University named after V.V. Kuibyshev in the training of highly qualified specialists and in the development of science was marked by the awarding of TSU with the Order of the October Revolution in 1980. Over 70 professors and teachers were awarded orders and medals. In the 1960s–1970s, when Bychkov was TSU’s rector, the material base of the university improved noticeably. A new building of the Research Library was put into operation, including a 12-tier storage for 2.5 million volumes; three buildings for research institutes, a sports complex, a university stadium, four dormitories for students and one for graduate students, four apartment buildings for teachers and scientific workers, a children’s center (in Yuzhnaya Square) were built. In 1970, the reconstruction of the tropical greenhouse of the Botanical Garden began. As a rector, Bychkov used to delve into all the little details in the economic life of the university, attend lectures and exams (he attended the lectures of all professors who worked at TSU at that time); he also found time for intensive social work. Bychkov was one of the initiators of “Professor Days” (since 1978) when professors and associate professors organized lectures and talks at enterprises and in districts of the region. He was recognized for his benevolence, abilities to hear the interlocutor, to unite and motivate to accomplish the assigned task. Optimist by nature, he was able to instill optimism in those around him.
Assessment of Satisfaction with the Conditions and Opportunities for Professional Activity in Customs Bodies
Authors:   Russian Customs Academy, Dyakov Vladimir I. , Gorchakov Viktor V. ,   Russian Customs Academy, Niyazova Marina V. ,   Russian Customs Academy, Stetsyuk Viktor V. ,   Russian Customs Academy, Ismagilova Yulia D. ,   Russian Customs Academy
Published: September 2021

There is a need to obtain scientifically grounded data on how young professionals feel about themselves, take their first steps in the customs bodies, how the “system” evaluates in practice the level of graduates’ preparedness, how their interpersonal relations develop while they serve in the customs bodies. An organized and effectively functioning system of adaptation of customs body officials and employees is very important both for a young specialist and for an organization. Such a system decreases the rate of staff turnover, reduces costs, saves the time of the manager and the employees, develops a positive attitude to work, satisfaction with working conditions, and also determines the effectiveness of the follow-up actions of the young professional in the workplace. Professional adaptation in the customs bodies has a number of features due to the specifics of the customs service. The article assesses the impact of satisfaction with working conditions and opportunities in the customs bodies on the adaptation of customs bodies’ officials and employees to the customs service. The article aims to analyze factors affecting satisfaction with working conditions and opportunities, and to develop recommendations for improving the adaptation of young specialists to the customs service using the example of Vladivostok Branch of the Russian Customs Academy graduates working in the customs bodies. The authors identify the approaches to professional adaptation to the customs service; they differ by the object of analysis. A correlation analysis of the graduates’ survey shows a direct positive relationship of individual indicators of external and internal factors. A model assessing work satisfaction and the level of adaptation to the professional requirements has been designed. Recommendations have been developed to improve a young specialist’s professional adaptation to the customs service. The improvement of adaptation management starts from the enrollment campaign, goes through the entire learning process at the educational organization, and ends in the customs bodies. For the officials and employees of the customs bodies, the improvement includes various measures, including the development and implementation of a scientifically based adaptation program.
The “New Silk Road”: Prospects, Influence of Russia and China
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Skrylnikov Dmitry V.
Published: September 2021

This article examines the prospects _ for the implementation of the Chinese project “New Silk Road" and assesses the degree of influence of this project on the economic well-being of partner states. Using the examples of the implementation of individual stages of the New Silk Road, the author examines geopolitical shifts that affect trade relations, the existing global_ financial system, including the declared interests in the distribution of world resources between countries. The “New Silk Road" project makes it possible to determine the degree of the Russian Federation’s interest in participation, as well as to identify key issues in the _ field of cooperation and economic interaction between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.
Institutionalization of Social and Labor Relations in the Context of Interaction of Productive Forces and Relations of Production: Orientation on Expanded Reproduction of the Workforce, Development and Growth
Authors:   Altai State University (Barnaul, Russian Federation), Belyaev Viktor I.
Published: September 2021

The article aims to solve the problems of the development and economic growth of enterprises, organizations, regions, countries through the institutional transformation of social and labor relations during the periods of technological re-equipment of industries and industrial complexes. In theory and methodology, the article is based on Karl Marx’s well-known law of the correspondence of relations of production to the level and nature of the development of productive forces. It draws attention to the fact that, when technological changes (which are nothing more than the development of productive forces in the social and labor sphere) are introduced, employees’ resistance to changes arises. The reason for the resistance lies in the fact that the social and labor (production, according to Marx) relations that had developed by the time the changes were introduced collide with the technologies being introduced (productive forces). In order to reduce the potential of employees’ resistance to changes, the article proposes the following: when managing the implementation of changes, a recommendation is to exert managerial influence on the established institutions of social and labor relations, too. The transformation of the latter, which aims at resolving the arising objectively determined contradictions, will, as follows from the logic of Hegel, contribute to the technological development of enterprises, which, according to Joseph Schumpeter’s concept, will also ensure economic growth. Social and labor relations are influenced through the reproduction of the workforce, expressed in employees’ better qualifications, which, according to the theoretical provisions of Professor Aleksandr Bychkov, ensures the growth of human capital. Based on the provisions of the classical school of political economy, the concept of development of Schumpeter, the logic of Hegel, and the theoretical provisions of Bychkov, the article proposes a methodological scheme for the institutional transformation of social and labor relations. The scheme aims at resolving objectively determined contradictions between productive forces and social and labor relations, which will ensure technological development and economic growth.
The Siberian Federal District in Perspective Territorial Proportions of the National Economy
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kotov Aleksandr V. ,   Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The proportions of the location of spatial economic activity reflect the structural features of the country’s economy. This article presents the results of a study to assess the most optimal expression of the proportions from the standpoint of a more complete development of the potential for interregional interactions. The methodological basis of the research is a set of developments in the field of interregional comparisons, the concept of regional market potential. On the example of calculating the optimal structure of the GRP in the context of federal districts, the perspective place of the Siberian Federal District in the Russian economy is analyzed separately. In modern national interregional comparisons, the Siberia macroregion was losing its positions, which explains why it is important to rebalance and qualitatively enhance its role in perspective spatial development. This can mainly be done through the modernization of the production potential accumulated in the Siberia macroregion and the intensification of interregional ties with other regions of the country. Further economically justified development of the natural resources of the Siberia macro-region with a new technological basis has become one of the most hotly debated issues. The article states that, in the forecast period until 2024, in order to strengthen the balance of spatial development, it is necessary to increase the weight of the Siberian Federal District in the national economy with a simultaneous decrease in the share of the Central Federal District and a significant redistribution of the increase in economic activity in general. It is emphasized that in terms of realizing the potential of interregional interactions more fully, an increase in the share of the Siberian Federal District’s GRP is most consistent with the longterm goals of the national economy. The article shows that the role of interregional projects for Siberia, especially transport and infrastructure projects, in traditional and new industries should grow. This implies a gradual strengthening of national internal integration through strong regional economies’ interaction with weaker ones. It is important to understand that the proposed institutional transformations are not aimed at creating any “Siberian preferences”. They are ultimately aimed at increasing economic activity throughout Russia. The presented results can be used in the activities of federal and regional government bodies for the development and adjustment of macroregional development strategies.
Trust within an Organization and Effectiveness of Activities: From the Model to Instruments
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kaz Evgenia M.
Published: September 2021

The article studies trust as an important factor that has a significant impact on social interaction within an organization. The article presents the results of the conducted correlation analysis of data from questionnaires, obtained in one Tomsk company, on the level of trust, the degree of effectiveness of activities by employees, quality of work, as well as a number of socioeconomic parameters: satisfaction with wages, general job satisfaction, the level of selfrealization in work, working conditions, the level of leadership. The analysis made it possible to reveal a positive correlation at the level of 0.502 between trust and effectiveness of activities (correlations are significant at p = 0.05). The study also revealed a high positive correlation at the level of 0.781 between the real level of trust and the acceptable level of trust, which is determined by the structural features of the organization, the stage of the life cycle and the features of the organization’s configuration, according to Henry Mintzberg. The conducted empirical research also made it possible to determine that labor collectives with a higher level of trust also had higher labor productivity. The obtained results made it possible to develop instruments for managing the level of trust within the organization, which includes a number of stages: assessment of the acceptable level of trust in the company’s divisions (stage I); assessment of the real level of trust in the company’s divisions (stage II); mapping the discrepancies between the acceptable and the real levels of trust (stage III). In order to assess the acceptable level of trust (stage I), it is required to determine the configuration of the organization, identify the stage of its life cycle, allocate and classify the structural parts of the organization, and, as a result, to quantify the acceptable level of trust for each division. At stage II, the employees of the divisions are questioned. The author proposes to determine the assessment and subsequent mapping of divisions according to the degree of demand for trust mechanisms (stage III) by calculating the difference in points received by each division at stages I and II. The divisions that received the highest results at stage III are recognized as most urgently in need of the development of trust mechanisms. The results of testing the instruments developed by the author in one of the companies in Tomsk are described in the article. The instruments made it possible for the company to identify the divisions of the organization that required trust building and to propose a new approach to the formation of a reserve for the rotation of managers and selection of candidates for senior positions in the “problem” divisions. The new approach contributes to improving the quality of social interaction in separate divisions and in the whole company.
THE ARTISTIC DECORATION OF NORTHERN MANUSCRIPTS
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation), Nenasheva Larisa V.
Published: September 2021

For a long time Russian manuscript book has been famous for its rich artistic design. Miniatures containing parts of liturgical texts, sermons, saints’ lives, richly decorated miniatures, initials have changed over time, so they help to date a manuscript. The article studies the artistic design of northern manuscripts in order to figure out a more accurate date of the source. The subjects of the study are liturgical and theological books from the collection of the Arkhangelsk Museum Association “Russian North artistic culture”, created in the XV–XIX centuries. All researched manuscripts are written on paper and all of them are not dated, therefore the date of writing a book is first determined by paper signs, which is then confirmed by other facts, namely by drawings written at the same time as the main text. In “Prologue”, created at the end of the 15th century, the scribe uses the Balkan ornament, which was popular in Russian books of the second half of the 15th and 16th centuries. On the sheets with miniatures there are also large initials of the Balkan type. The “Psalter” of the late 18th century was copied from the printed edition of 1651. It contains the unfinished design of King David copied from the printed edition evidenced by the artist’s manner of performing this image. Some of the manuscripts are decorated by scribes with drawings copied or taken from printed editions of the same period as the book. Thus, in the collection of the early XIX century (a “white” date on paper – 1815) there is a miniature that occurs in such printed editions as “The Life of Basil the New”, 1792–1795 and 1801, or “Psalter” 1802–1803, 1812–1814 years. In the collection of the museum there are books consisting of printed and handwritten sheets, restored instead of lost printed ones. For example, in the “Tablet” of Patriarch Nikon, published in 1656, the text was restored by hand on several pages at the beginning of the 18th century that is determined by the paper signs on the pages of the book. On the one of the manuscript sheets there is a miniature taken from a printed source and pasted into the text. Such an ornament is found, for example, in the Minne December 1714. These data show that the handwritten text and design were made at one time. The collection of the museum contains several bright books, richly decorated with Pomor ornament, which was popular in Old Believers' manuscripts written in the Russian North, near the White Sea, in the second half of the 17th and 19th centuries. The Pomor ornament is noted in the books that were created in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and is no longer found in manuscripts of late writing, which also indicates that a text and a décor of the book were made the same time. Thereby, the studied material helped to confirm the dates of the creation of the manuscripts, and also showed once again that when the source is dated, all the data in the book are taken into account.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE MUSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF KEMEROVO REGION (20–40-TH YEARS OF XX CENTURY)
Authors:   Kemerovo State Institute of culture (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Pomorceva Nina V. , Moroz Tatyana I. ,   Kemerovo State Institute of culture (Kemerovo, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

Describes a stage of formation and development of music in the Kemerovo region's infrastructure as a young industrial region of Russia. Due to interaction between socio-cultural and socio-economic aspects of development of the region, the musical life of the Kemerovo region was prepared in the pre-industrial period (until 1920), featuring the development of music performance within folk, Church, amateur music-making and unable to exit professional level due to lack of expertise in the region. After the October revolution in the conditions of intensive formation of the industrial structure in young cities region and the initial installation on massification of amateur (amateur) creativity, gradually formed the basis for the establishment of a fully fledged musical infrastructure. This phase was marked by the emergence and intensive development of musical performance mainly in the form of amateur music: choral and instrumental groups in constructed folk houses and clubs, performing cultural and educational functions among the working population. Parallel to the process of formation of the educational basis of musical infrastructure: opening of children's music schools, music schools, offices, children's creativity centres at clubs and houses of culture industry enterprises. During the great patriotic war, resulting in the evacuation and the arrival in the region of creative collectives and professional musicians going on formation of academic performance. Creating a pop concert Bureau (1943), subsequently converted in Kemerovo Oblast Philharmonic, translation of theatre of musical comedy (1945 g.) led to revitalize and strengthen the processes of professional music art items in Kemerovo oblast. With the opening of vocational educational institution-Kemerovo musical College (1944)-lay the Foundation for training new personnel in the sphere of musical culture of the region. With the advent of the professional segment in the cultural traditions of stabilization activities are envisaged with the totality of the prevailing musical infrastructure functioning in the context of the musical life of the region. Consequently, the period under review is an important link in the panorama of music art development in the industrial region, and determines subsequent lush flowering in 1970–1990.
BELLS AND BELL-RINGING TRADITION IN KUZNETSK LAND: HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Russian Federation, Kemerovo), Gorbatov Aleksey V. , Demchenko Georgy A. ,   Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, head of the courses of Orthodox bell-ringers at the Kemerovo diocesan administration (Russian Federation, Kemerovo)
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the history of bells and bell-ringing art on the territory of present Kemerovo Region. The topicality of the article is in considering this phenomenon as a part of the historical and cultural heritage. The unique technology and ringing art, the Orthodox faith and a special way of life of the Russian people and bells joined in the history of bells. Bell ringing has developed into a large-scale, national phenomenon; the state and the Russian society recognize its aesthetic value. Based on archival documents, materials of the periodical press of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods, research works of historians and ethnographers, the authors demonstrate the formation of the bell-instrumental image of the region and highlight different historical periods: from the construction of the first bell towers, the complete prohibition of bell ringing to their revival, and the formation of new traditions. It is concluded that the situation with bells and ringing traditions is significantly dependent on the Church policy of the state in a certain historical period. It is specific that, throughout the study period, most of the bell ringers received and receive a small monetary reward for their obedience, and therefore, many of them tend to leave this job as soon as possible, replacing it with a more paid one. The current situation is certain not to contribute to the development and improvement of bell-ringing art. Nowadays, a small number of bells and the lack of its own bell production in Kuzbass region cannot contribute to solving the problem of restoring the Russian bell tradition. For the full revival of the bell-ringing tradition in the region, it is also necessary to have a competent complete set of bell funds, which today can hardly be described as organized and systematic. Bell rebounds are packed mainly at random. However, the situation has changed in recent years as instruments with planned ringing have got used. The authors make a conclusion about the necessity of the analysis of bell funds, their classification, and the identification of accounting and certification issues. Today, the revival of the art of bell ringing is based on both the preservation of old traditions and the formation of new ones. An important role in the development and popularization of the bell tradition is played by the activities of Orthodox bell ringers’ courses, festivals, exhibitions, master classes. All this forms the bell-instrumental image of Kuzbass region.
ARKADIY YAKOVLEVICH TUGARINOV AND THE FORMATION OF KRASNOYARSK MUSEUM
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Dmitrienko Nadezhda M. , Chernyak Eduard I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The authors of this article continue to explore the history of museum science in Siberia through biographies of museum experts. Based on the biographic materials of the native of Saratov Arkadiy Tugarinov (1880–1948) they trace the formation of his interests to study of local nature and history. They point out that this interest was not accidental. Since the middle of the 19th century, when the disgraced historian Kostomarov was in Saratov, that city has developed as a center of local studies. The article shows that Tugarinov graduated from a real school, but could not study at the university. He lost his father early and had to help his family. He worked in the soil laboratory of the Saratov provincial district council. He joined the Society of naturalists, studied the flora and fauna of the Volga territories. Soon he began to work in Saratov Museum, and participated in the 11th Congress of Russian naturalists and doctors in St. Petersburg. So he became known among researchers and museum workers. In 1905, Tugarinov was invited to take up the post of curator of Krasnoyarsk Museum. Created in 1889 with private funds of the merchant couple Matveyevs the museum eventually acquired the status of urban one. Since 1903, the museum was managed by the Krasnoyarsk sub-department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. Then the department guidance invited A. Tugarinov to head the museum. So A.Ya. Tugarinov ran the Krasnoyarsk Museum for more than 20 years, from 1905 to 1926. He was concerned about attracting people devoted to museum work to the Krasnoyarsk museum. He organized many expeditions through Siberia, the participants of which delivered to the museum collections on zoology, botany, history, ethnography, archaeology and others. All objects delivered to Museum were described, systemized and used to create expositions and exhibitions, as well as to write scientific works. The most famous scientific articles based on museum collections were prepared by Arkadiy Tugarinov, Nikola Auerbakch, Maria Krasnozhenova and former Austrian prisoner of the World War I Gero von Mergart. In total, during the years of Tugarinov's work, the funds of the Krasnoyarsk Museum reached 144000 items. In terms of the overall performance of its work, the Krasnoyarsk Museum came out on top in Siberia. Authors of this articles believed that A.Ya. Tugarinov was one of the most successful museum leaders; he proved that museum activity is the most important factor in the development of science and education in Siberia.
UNIVERSITY CHARTERS AS A LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR MUSEUM BUSINESS IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES (XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Karachentsev Ivan S.
Published: September 2021

For the first time in the museum literature, the article traces the influence of university charters on the museum business in Russian universities in the XIX – early XX century. Using the original act documents extracted from the “Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire”, the author showed that the charter of 1804 and all subsequent legislative acts provided for the formation of auxiliary educational institutions in universities – offices, assemblies, anatomical theaters. It is particularly stipulated that the charter of 1804 did not use the term “museum”, since it was not widely used in Russia at that time. In the act documents at the beginning of the XIX century, the word “cabinet” was used, which was in some sense a synonym for it and was used in the sense of storage, collection. But the work prescribed by legislative acts on the selection, description and preservation of exhibits, tools, and other objects necessary for teaching, allows us to talk about the birth of museum functions in universities. Starting in 1835, the charters introduced the term “museum”, they expanded the list of educational materials and aids. Taking into account the obvious lack of knowledge on the subject under study, the author gives the entire list of educational and auxiliary institutions listed in the statutes. These are the cabinets: physical, mineralogical, botanical, zoological, technological, and the collection of machines and models for applied mathematics, collections – architectural models, pharmacological, surgical instruments, obstetrical instruments, anatomical theater and collection of exhibits, zootomic theater, and collection of exhibits, as well as the Museum of Fine Arts and Antiquities. The statutes prescribe ways to replenish university collections, including through the unhindered discharge of benefits from abroad. In the university charters and staff schedules attached to the charters, it was mandatory to specify monetary amounts, determine their distribution for the maintenance of offices and museums, as well as the heads and general staff of these university departments. The article emphasizes that the charter of 1863 spelled out in detail the procedure for approving the position of curators of cabinets and museums, and in addition, their pension provision was separately prescribed. The charter of 1884 provides an expanded list of university museums, establishes the number of employees, and addresses issues of museum management. At the end of the article, it is quite appropriate to conclude that the university charters defined the legislative foundations of the museum business in Russian universities of the XIX-early XX century
СHILDREN'S LIBRARIES: THE CASE OF TOMSK, 1960–1970
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ermolova Alexsandra I.
Published: September 2021

The paper discusses the activities of children's libraries in Tomsk in the 1960s and 70s. The main goal of this study is consider the history of children's libraries in the city and reveal the role of libraries in educational, cultural, political and ideological components of the everyday lives of young Tomsk residents. There are several reasons for addressing this problem. In the USSR, children were always not only in the care of the state, but also part of the political discourse about the happy childhood and the man of the future who was expected to live under communism. In this context, children's libraries were given a special status as places that successfully combined educational, cultural, political and ideological activities for children. The Tomsk Region has always been considered the intellectual center of Siberia. Therefore, it seems obvious that there has always been a special focus on the development of libraries in Tomsk. For example, the number of public libraries in the Tomsk Region increased from 135 in 1945 to 495 in 1964. This study addresses the history of children's libraries in the city. The thematic focus of their collections, and According to the regional archive, in the 1960– 70s, there were four active children's libraries in the city. The main ones were City Children's Library No. 1 located at 167 Lenin Avenue, and Marshak Children's Library No. 2 located at 17a Nikitina Street, The two other were smaller in size: Library No. 3 (81 Michurina) and City Children's Library No. 6 (9 Kolkhoznaya). The statistical reports of libraries demonstrate the increasing interest of young Tomsk residents in library activities: the number of readers, as well as number of visits grew from year to year. The libraries had quite diverse collections, which included not only books, but also periodicals. Some interesting observations can be made about the distribution of genres: socio-political publications are the second most popular genre, after fiction. Libraries were not only a place where children could receive and read books, but also hosted a variety of cultural, educational and leisure events, such as matinees, debates, exhibitions, and poetry evenings. There were Young Readers Clubs which arranged book discussions and meetings with interesting people. All this evidence suggests that children's libraries were an essential part of the city's social and cultural life. They acted as a kind of educational centers where young Tomsk residents could find answers to their questions. They were also places of leisure where children could spend their free time. Moreover, libraries inculcated some ideologically correct attitudes. Meetings, disputes, and quizzes held in libraries always addressed topics related to Lenin, communism, and activities of the Commuunist Party of the Soviet Union.
Application of microfluidic chips in anticancer drug screening
Authors: Fan Xin-yue , Deng Zhuo-fen , Yan Yan-yan , E. Orel Valerii , Shypko Andrii , B. Orel Valerii , Ivanova Donika , Pilarsky Christian , Tang Jing , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Zhang Jian-ye
Published: September 2021

With the continuous development of drug screening technology, new screening methodologies and technologies are constantly emerging, driving drug screening into rapid, efficient and high-throughput development. Microfluidics is a rising star in the development of innovative approaches in drug discovery. In this article, we summarize the recent years' progress of microfluidic chip technology in drug screening, including the developmental history, structural design, and applications in different aspects of microfluidic chips on drug screening. Herein, the existing microfluidic chip screening platforms are summarized from four aspects: chip structure design, sample injection and drive system, cell culture technology on a chip, and efficient remote detection technology. Furthermore, this review discusses the application and developmental prospects of using microfluidic chips in drug screening, particularly in screening natural product anticancer drugs based on chemical properties, pharmacological effects,  and drug cytotoxicity.
Rare Case Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcomas of the Genital Tract. About a case in a 30-month-old child
Authors: M Lahfaoui , H Benhaddou
Published: September 2021

Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcomas developed in children under 15 years of age. The reported finding is a vaginal tumour developed in a 30-month-old granddaughter. This was a typical botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma that usually occurs in the hollow organs lined with mucous membrane. Rhabdomyosarcomas have multiple aspects that vary according to the degree of cellular differentiation. The majority of these tumours can be classified into four histological categories: embryonic, botryoid, alveolar or pleomorphic. Treatment involves excisional surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis remains bleak despite therapeutic advances in recent years.
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Authors: Jian Cui
Published: September 2021

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Assessing multiplex tiling PCR sequencing approaches for detecting genomic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater v1
Authors: Lin Xuan , Glier Melissa , Kuchinski Kevin , Ross-Van Mierlo Tenysha , McVea David , Tyson John , Prystajecky Natalie , Ziels Ryan
Published: September 2021

In this work, we aim to access the performance of three different multiplex primer schemes, i.e. Swift amplicon SARS-CoV-2 panel (150bp amplicons), ARTIC V3 panel (400bp amplicons), and SARS-CoV-2 midnight panel (1200bp amplicons), for metatranscriptomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 for influent wastewater and primary sludge. This protocol is adapted from the Swift amplicon™ SARS-COV-2 protocol (150bp amplicon), ARTIC V3 protocol (400bp amplicon), and "midnight" protocol (1200bp amplicon). Sequencing libraries are prepared with 1) Oxford Nanopore Ligation Sequencing Kit (SQK-LSK109) with Native Barcoding kit (EXP-NEB104 and EXP-NEB114), or 2) NEBNext® Ultra™ II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® with NEBNext® Multiplex Oligos for Illumina®. Links to the protocols are: Swift amplicon protocol (150bp): https://swiftbiosci.com/swift-amplicon-sars-cov-2-panel/ ARTIC V3 protocol (400bp): https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-v3-locost-bh42j8ye?version_warning=no "midnight" protocol V4 (1200bp): dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bh7hj9j6
Salting-out Protocol for Extracting HMW Genomic DNA from frozen octocorals v1
Authors: Herrera Santiago
Published: September 2021

Salting-out protocol for extracting high-molecular weight (HMW) genomic DNA from frozen octocorals for genomic methods. Suitable for genome sequencing, RAD-seq and other methods that require HMW DNA. Starting material must be alive when flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and always stored below -80C.
The European Green Deal: What Prospects for Governing Climate Change With Policy Monitoring?
Authors: Schoenefeld Jonas J.
Published: September 2021

The European Green Deal (EGD) puts forward and engages with review mechanisms, such as the European Semester and policy monitoring, to ensure progress towards the long-term climate targets in a turbulent policy environment. Soft-governance mechanisms through policy monitoring have been long in the making, but their design, effects, and politics remain surprisingly under-researched. While some scholars have stressed their importance to climate governance, others have highlighted the difficulties in implementing robust policy monitoring systems, suggesting that they are neither self-implementing nor apolitical. This article advances knowledge on climate policy monitoring in the EU by proposing a new analytical framework to better understand past, present, and potential future policy monitoring efforts, especially in the context of the EGD. Drawing on Lasswell (1965), it unpacks the politics of policy monitoring by analysing who monitors, what, why, when, and with what effect(s). The article discusses each element of the framework with a view to three key climate policy monitoring efforts in the EU which are particularly relevant for the EGD, namely those emerging from the Energy Efficiency Directive, the Renewable Energy Directive, and the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (now included in the Energy Union Governance Regulation), as well as related processes for illustration. Doing so reveals that the policy monitoring regimes were set up differently in each case, that definitions of the subject of monitoring (i.e., public policies) either differ or remain elusive, and that the corresponding political and policy impact of monitoring varies. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of the findings for governing climate change by means of monitoring through the emerging EGD.
EU Climate and Energy Policy: How Myopic Is It?
Authors: Gheuens Jana , Oberthür Sebastian
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the shortsightedness or myopia of recent climate and energy policy (CEP) in the EU. To this end, it develops and applies a measurement tool of short-termism composed of four key criteria: (1) the reflection of science-based long-term thinking in the policy process and its output; (2) the degree to which mid-term greenhouse gas emission targets and accompanying policies align with science-based long-term objectives; (3) the stringency of the legislation; and (4) its adaptability. We use these criteria to assess the levels of short-termism of the EU’s 2020 and 2030 CEP frameworks and the (still evolving) European Green Deal (EGD). Overall, we find that the level of myopia of EU CEP has fluctuated and has advanced far less than the development of the nominal mid-term emission targets might suggest. The EGD’s 55% emission reduction target for 2030 only constitutes a return to the levels of alignment with science-based long-term objectives existing in the 2020 Package (making good on the regression of the 2030 Framework). It is primarily due to the maturing of long-term thinking and a ratcheting mechanism, that EU climate policy under the EGD can be considered less myopic than the 2020 Package (although the assessment remains preliminary pending the adoption of further implementing legislation). These findings lay the ground for future research that not only investigates reasons for the general myopia of (EU) climate policy, but also the drivers of the fluctuations over time.
Analysis of the current state and development prospects of radar systems for guided weapons of air targets destruction
Authors:   RPC ", Ilchuk Anatoliy R. ,   Istok",   named after Shokin", Merkulov Vladimir I. ,   Vega Concern, Panas Andrey I. ,   RPC "Istok" named after Shokin", Chernov Vladimir S. ,   Vega Concern, Shcherbakov Sergey V. ,   RPC "Istok" named after Shokin"
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of destruction of air objects (AO) largely depends on the excellence of radar devices, which are called radar homing heads (RHH) of the guided weapons systems (GWS). In the process of GWS AO development, several generations of RHHs were created: semi-active RHHs with a pulsed or continuous target illumination signal; RHHs providing combined guidance; RHHs, providing realization of inertial guidance with radio correction from the weapon control system of the GWS carrier, active guidance, a combination of semi-active and active modes, combined guidance, in which inertial guidance with radio correction, passive and active homing are consistently implemented. Currently, there is a need for an analytical generalization of information about the GHHs, published in various open scientific and technical sources of information. In the course of the analysis, it was found that the main directions for improving the RHHs are: the development of new, more flexible non-stationary homing methods and their information support, which provide the ability to intercept new types of AO in complex signal-jamming multipurpose situations. This predetermines the need to achieve a high level of RHHs protection from natural and intentional interference, the use of trajectory control of observation when aiming at radio-emitting and group objects, improvement of situational awareness, RHHs intellectualization and digitalization, improvement of RHH antenna systems.
Strange radiation and LENR: what's the relation?
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Zhigalov Vladislav A.
Published: September 2021

A review of studies showing the phenomenon of "strange radiation" is given. The issues of relation of this phenomenon with low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) are discussed. The results of our own experiments, revealing such a relation, are presented on the example of two LENR reactors. Based on the developed technique for assessing the intensity of tracks on sensitive materials, it is shown that tracks of strange radiation with high intensity appear only in the near zone of reactors (up to 20 cm). The aftereffect is described, when the tracks appear after the reactor is turned off. The large variability of the intensity of the tracks makes it difficult to use them as a marker of LENR. The paradoxical properties of strange radiation are discussed.
Graphene-polyethylene high pressure composites and their properties
Authors:   SPO ", Rustamova Ekaterina G. ,   GRAPHENIKA", Gubin Sergey P. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS
Published: September 2021

A method for the introduction graphene into high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE) has been developed. Samples of graphene-HPPE were obtained with the content of graphene filler: 0.25%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 3.0%; 5.0% wt. The structural, morphological and deformation-strength properties of the obtained samples have been investigated. It was established that the increase of the elastic modulus value for the samples with the filler concentration of 3% wt and more.
Using Stelfrine supra 2.5% for children with accommodation and refraction disabilities
Authors: Pekerskaya Valeria L. , Zhuravleva Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2021

AIM:To assess the effect of Stelfrin supra (phenylephrine 2.5%) on the condition of accommodation, refraction and evaluate subjective comfort in instillation and adolescents with various refractive disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:Examined 45 people with mild emmetropia and hyperopia with symptoms of habitual excess tension of accommodation (15 people), with mild myopia (15 people), with moderate myopia (15 people) at the age of 7 to 16 years. Visometry, autorefractometry, assessment of the volume of absolute accommodation (positive and negative parts), subjective assessment of asthenopic complaints according to the OSDI scale were carried out before and 1 month after daily instillations of Stelfrin supra (phenylephrine 2.5%).

RESULTS:After 1 month of instillation of the Stelfrin supra, the manifestations of accommodative asthenopia in the vast majority of patients in the study groups decreased, the habitual tonus of accommodation decreased, the volume of absolute accommodation increased, most significantly its negative part. The uncorrected visual acuity increased by 31% in patients of group 1 with emmetropia and mild hyperopia with habitually excessive tension of accommodation. The uncorrected visual acuity increased by 23% in patients of group 2 with mild myopia. An increase in the margin of relative accommodation was noted in patients of groups 1 and 2. Instillation of the drug was not accompanied by severe discomfort in the vast majority of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:Stelfrin supra has shown its effectiveness in accommodating and refractive disorders in childhood and can be recommended in the treatment of children with accommodation disorders, asthenopia and mild to moderate myopia.
Clinical and statistical characteristic of references at the third stage of ophthalmic care
Authors: Hajiyeva Banovsha Kh.
Published: September 2021

AIM:to carry out a clinical and statistical analysis of patients references at the third stage of ophthalmic care in Azerbaijan Republic conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Materials of the National Ophthalmology Center named after the Academician Zarifa Aliyeva are used. All the cases of primary references during 2019 are analyzed.
RESULTS:The lowest proportion of unjustified references was among residents of republican subordination cities (1.3 0.1%), where the frequency of primary visits is low as well (1.28 0.04). The rate of unjustified references of regional centre city residents (4.8 0.1%), and of those of rural settlements (10.7 0.1%) were significantly different. There were significant differences concerning the rate of primary visits (2.32 0.026 and 2.56 0.024). The rate of primary visits between male and female populations also was significantly different (2.58 0.024 and 3.02 0.021,р 0.01).
CONCLUSION:The rate of primary references at the third stage was 4.62 0.04 in Baku, 2.56 0.024 in rural settlements, 2.32 0.031 in regional centre cities, and 1.28 0.04 in republican subordination cities; it had significant gender specificities. Within primary visit causes, accommodation and refraction disorders (32.3 0.5%), ocular trauma and that of eye adnexa (19.7 0.4%) prevail.
Gastrodiplomasi (Kitap İncelemesi)
Authors: CENGİZ Alim Koray
Published: September 2021

Book Review: Fikret SONER, Gastrodiplomasi, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2020, ISBN: 978-605-7877-81-9, 222 Sayfa
Community stakeholders' perceptions of crime and victimization: A mixed-methods approach to understanding collective efficacy and social cohesion in the rural heartland
Authors: Lockwood Ashley , Terry April
Published: September 2021

Previous criminological literature has mostly neglected rural communities, often treating these places as smaller pieces of urban culture. Literature suggests rural communities operate differently than urban neighborhoods, with distinctive values, norms, and community cohesion. For example, concepts surrounding collective efficacy may work counterproductively in rural areas—further exploiting outed community members within "close-knit" environments. The current study sought to compare perceptions of collective efficacy and social cohesion, crime, and victimization between rural and urban counties across one Midwestern rural state. Using a mixed-methods approach, community stakeholders from a variety of professions were surveyed. Quantitative results suggest similar perceptions of collective efficacy and social cohesion in rural and urban communities while qualitative responses paint a much different picture—an image of rural communities "minding their own business" and both formally and informally intervening only in the most extreme and personalized scenarios.