bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Emulsion Flow in Alkaline/Solvent Coinjection with Steam for Heavy-Oil/Bitumen Recovery
Authors: Sheng Kai , Argüelles-Vivas Francisco J. , Baek Kwang Hoon , Okuno Ryosuke
Published: November 2019

Water is the dominant component in steam-injection processes, such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). The central hypothesis in this research is that in-situ oil transport can be enhanced by generating oil-in-water emulsion, where the water-continuous phase acts as an effective oil carrier. As part of the research project, this paper presents an experimental study of how oil-in-water emulsion can improve oil transport in porous media at elevated temperatures.

Diethylamine (DEA) was selected as the organic alkali that generates oil-in-water emulsions with Athabasca bitumen at a 1,000-ppm NaCl brine and a 0.5-wt% alkali concentration. This aqueous composition had been confirmed to be an optimum in terms of oil content in the water-external emulsion phase at a wide range of temperatures. Then, flow experiments with a glass-bead pack were conducted to measure the effective viscosities of emulsion samples at shear rates from 5 to 29 seconds−1 at 35 bar and temperatures from 373 to 443 K.

Results show that the oil-in-water emulsions were more than 15 times less viscous than the original bitumen at temperatures from 373 to 443 K. At the shear rate of 5 seconds−1, for example, the emulsion viscosity was 12 cp at 373 K, at which the bitumen viscosity was 206 cp. The efficiency of in-situ bitumen transport was evaluated by calculating the bitumen molar flow rate under gravity drainage with the new experimental data. Results show that oil-in-water emulsion can enhance the in-situ molar flow of bitumen by a factor of 273 at 403 K and 345 at 373 K, in comparison with the two-phase flow of oil and water in conventional SAGD. At 443 K, only a fraction of bitumen is emulsified in water, but the bitumen transport by both oil-in-water emulsion and an excess oil phase in DEA-SAGD can enhance the molar flow of bitumen by a factor of 19 in comparison to SAGD. This is mainly because the mobility of the bitumen-containing phase is enhanced by the reduced viscosity and increased effective permeability. A marked difference between alkaline solvents and conventional hydrocarbon solvents is that only a small amount of an alkaline solvent enables enhancing the in-situ transport of bitumen.
Uncovering the gene machinery of the Amazon River microbiome to degrade rainforest organic matter
Authors: Júnior Célio Dias Santos , Sarmento Hugo , Miranda Fernando Pellon de , Henrique-Silva Flávio , Logares Ramiro
Published: November 2019

Background: The Amazon River is one of the largest in the world and receives huge amounts of terrestrial organic matter (TeOM) from the surrounding rainforest. Despite this TeOM is typically recalcitrant (i.e. resistant to degradation), only a small fraction of it reaches the ocean, pointing to a substantial TeOM degradation by the river microbiome. Yet, microbial genes involved in TeOM degradation in the Amazon River were barely known. Here, we examined the Amazon River microbiome by analyzing 106 metagenomes from 30 stations distributed along the river. Results: We constructed the Amazon River basin Microbial non-redundant Gene Catalogue (AMnrGC) that includes ~3.7 million non-redundant genes, affiliating mostly to bacteria. We found that the Amazon River microbiome contains a substantial gene-novelty compared to other relevant sampled environments (rivers and rainforest soil). Analyses of TeOM-degradation genes revealed that lignin degradation pathways correlated to tricarboxylates and hemicellulose processing, pointing to a higher lignin degradation coupled to the consumption of labile compounds. We propose a model on how the degradation of recalcitrant TeOM modulated by labile compounds (i.e. priming effect) may operate in the Amazon River waters. Conclusions: Our work contributes to expand significantly our comprehension of the world’s largest river microbiome and its role in TeOM degradation. Furthermore, the AMnrGC represents an important resource for future works exploring the links between TeOM and its degradation by aquatic microbiotas in tropical ecosystems.
Estimating the Risks and Benefits of Tamoxifen Chemoprevention for Breast Cancer in Brazil
Authors: Roque Thais , Maesaka Jonathan Yugo , Filassi José Roberto , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: November 2019

Background
According to the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP-P1), tamoxifen can prevent 49% of invasive breast cancers in patients who have a five-year risk of 1.67% or more. Because tamoxifen is associated with side effects (endometrial cancer and stroke), it is necessary to weight the risks and benefits of using tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer. The aim of this paper is to calculate a risk-benefit index based on the Brazilian population to assess the feasibility of Tamoxifen as a chemopreventive agent.

Results
Results showed that with increasing age, the greater the five-year risk of breast cancer would have to be for a positive risk-benefit index. This shows that more risk exists in older women with the use of tamoxifen, precisely because of the values ​​of incidence and mortality of the assessed diseases that increase with age in the population.

Conclusion
This study presents a methodology to determine the benefits and risks associated with chemoprevention with tamoxifen in the Brazilian population.

Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Tamoxifen, Chemoprevention
The evaluation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected persons in Beijing, China, 2010-2018: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Peicheng , Guo Bingbing , Xu Junfang , Wang Jason K , Lu Hongyan , Zhao Xiao , Wang Qianyun , Gao Liangmin , Jing Jun , Cheng Feng
Published: November 2019

There is limited long-term data on the effect of ART on clinical outcomes in HIV/HBV patients in China. The objective of this study was to understand the ART treatment effect and the factors associated with the loss to follow-up or death of HIV/HBV co-infected patients in the city of Beijing, China. Methods: This study examined clinical indicators for HIV mono-infected or HIV/HBV co-infected patients from Jan. 2010 to Sep. 2018. Included patients were followed for a mean duration of 34.5 months after ART. Covariance analysis for repeated measures was used to analyze the changes of clinical indicators; multivariate logistic regression and Cox model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the abnormal incidence of clinical indicators and the lost to follow-up or death in HIV patients. Results: A total of 841 HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 2000 HIV patients were analyzed. Adherence was estimated to be 93% in all patients. At baseline, ALT, AST, OIs and APRI≥0.5 in HIV/HBV patients were higher, while the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were lower. After ART treatment, the rate of APRI≥0.5 (4.4%) were still higher in HIV/HBV patients and HBV co-infection affect the prevalence of APRI≥0.5 (OR=2.745, 95% CI 1.041-7.243). The variables related to LTFU or death in HIV patients were initial CD4 (HR=0.784, 95% CI 0.652-0.943), APRI≥0.5 (HR=4.647, 95% CI 1.331-16.227), OIs (HR=4.910, 95% CI 2.352-10.247) and age (HR=1.336, 95% CI 1.004-1.778). HBV coinfection was not associated with increased LTFU or overall mortality in HIV patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: With good ART treatment and adherence rate, the clinical indicators were improved significantly in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. However, the incidence of hepatic fibrosis was higher in these patients.
Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis of Corynespora cassiicola from cucumber
Authors: Gao Shigang , Zeng Rong , Suo Yujuan , Xu Lihui , Song Zhiwei , Gao Ping , Dai Fu Ming
Published: November 2019

Corynespora cassiicola as a necrotrophic plant pathogenic ascomycetes fungus can infect hundreds of species of plants, and also rarely cause human disease. The pathogen infects cucumber and causes cucumber target spot, which has given rise to great yield loss of cucumber in China recently. Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola .Results Firstly, we reported the draft genome sequences of a cucumber-sampled C. cassiicola isolate HGCC with high virulence. Although being conspecific, HGCC had distinct difference with a rubber-sampled isolate (CCP) and a human-sampled isolate (UM591) in genome sequences. The proportion of secreted proteins was 7.4% in HGCC. 28.6% of HGCC predicted genes were highly homologous to experimentally proven virulence-associated genes, which was close to that in CCP, UM591 and some plant fungal pathogens, but far more than 21.9% in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and 19.6% in Botrytis cinerea . Thousands of putative virulence-associated genes in various pathways or families were identified in HGCC. Secondly, a global view of the transcriptome of C. cassiicola spores during germination was evaluated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 3,288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The majority of KEGG annotated DEGs were involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, organismal system, human diseases and environmental information processing.Conclusions These results not only facilitated the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola to cucumber and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination, but also laid the foundation for the disease control.
The Protective Effect of a Combination of Human Intracellular and Extracellular Antibodies against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus
Authors: ZHANG XIAO , Lu Chen , Li Xinyan , Di Yaxuan , Liu Fangzhou , Feng Zhenqing
Published: November 2019

Background:Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus is a serious threat to humans. Due to its antiviral activity, antibody-based therapy is one of the possible effective countermeasures. Here,a combination of intracellular and extracellular human antibodies was investigated and showed a better protective effect. Methods: The scFv4F5-based intracellular antibody and full-length IgG1 extracellular antibody vectors were constructed or expressed, respectively. In vitro, the sensitivity, specificity and affinity of these antibodies were detected by western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, Biacore X100 SPR technique and microneutralization assay. In vivo, the protective effect of the combination of antibodies and the dynamics of viral replication were tested, and the related cytokines and proteins were detected by ELISA, western blotting and qPCR. Results: The intracellular antibody could inhibit H5N1 virus propagation in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of IgG1 was good in post-treatment therapy in a mouse model. When the intracellular antibody was pre-transfected in a combination regimen with IgG1, it had a better protective effect than IgG1 alone. The protective effect was primarily accomplished by inducing the secretion of cytokines, i.e., IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, i.e., Bim and cleaved PARP. Conclusions: This antibody combination technique could be used as an appropriate and powerful alternative to antiviral therapy.
Hookah smoking among a sample of Iraqi male high school students: Awareness and understanding
Authors: Al-Delaimy Ahmed Khalaf Soofi , Al-Ani Waleed
Published: November 2019

Background: The use of hookah smoking device is increasing at large scale distributing from Eastern Mediterranean region reaching Western countries. Hookah smoke users exposed to a lot of chemical compounds and to several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to confirm the prevalence of hookah use among a sample of male high school students in Iraq, and to provide a better understanding of cessation-related behaviors and cognitions of hookah only users.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students in three high schools (for males only) at Karkh District, Baghdad. The study period was from Oct. 2017 till Jan. 2019 including a total of 847 male students. A structured KAP questionnaire was used to identify their knowledge and use of hookah smoking. Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-25.Results: the overall prevalence of hookah smoking among high school male students was high (46%). More than two-thirds (70.6%) of them think that water pipe smoking is acceptable socially more than cigarette smoking. More than half of participants (55%) first heard about hookah smoking from friends and close to two-thirds (65.2%) who smoke hookah from those surround students were also friends. Almost half of respondents think hookah smoking is not encouraged in the faith of Islam (47.3%) and less than quarter (20.9%) think it’s completely forbidden in Islam.Conclusions: Hookah smoking is increasing among high school students and becoming a socially acceptable behavior that needs more public and adolescent education about its harmful effect.
Nitrogen Fertilizer and Residue Management in Dryland No‐Till Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Walsh Olga S.
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas

Nitrogen may enhance wheat grain quality even when wheat yield is not increased.

Nitrogen rate and placement had greater effect on grain protein than wheat yield.

Side‐banding N resulted in higher grain protein than broadcasting.

Residue management had no effect on wheat production.

This article summarizes the results from a 1‐yr field experiment conducted at two locations in northcentral Montana. Nutrient and residue management are important aspects of dryland no‐till cropping systems that directly affect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The objectives were to assess N response of hard red spring wheat grown in dryland no‐till conditions under varied crop residue management. The effects of N application rate (0, 135, and 270 kg N ha−1) and placement (broadcast vs. side‐banded) and residue management (undisturbed vs. removed) on biomass weight and N content, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), grain yield, grain test weight, and protein content of hard red spring wheat were evaluated. At one of two locations, the 135 kg N ha−1 rate resulted in significantly higher yield, compared with unfertilized check, but further increase of N rate to 270 kg N ha−1 did not improve yield. There was no response of grain yield to N application rate at the second location. At one of two locations, the side‐dress N application resulted in higher wheat yield, but no statistically significant differences in yield associated with N placement was observed at the second location. Biomass N content and grain protein content were significantly affected by the N application rate at both locations. The results of this study confirm that even if wheat grain yields are not always increased with N applications, N fertilizer could still be beneficial in terms of improved grain quality (test weight and protein content).
Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
Authors: Clay Patricia L. , Joy Katherine H. , O’Driscoll Brian , Busemann Henner , Ruzié-Hamilton Lorraine , Burgess Ray , Fellowes Jonathan , Joachim-Mrosko Bastian , Pernet-Fisher John , Strekopytov Stanislav , Ballentine Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

Volatile elements (e.g., H, C, N) have a strong influence on the physical and chemical evolution of planets and are essential for the development of habitable conditions. Measurement of the volatile and incompatible heavy halogens, Cl, Br, and I, can provide insight into volatile distribution and transport processes, due to their hydrophilic nature. However, information on the bulk halogen composition of martian meteorites is limited, particularly for Br and I, largely due to the difficulty in measuring ppb-level Br and I abundances in small samples. In this study, we address this challenge by using the neutron irradiation noble gas mass spectrometry (NI-NGMS) method to measure the heavy halogen composition of five olivine-phyric shergottite meteorites, including the enriched (Larkman Nunatak LAR 06319 and LAR 12011) and depleted (LAR 12095, LAR 12240, and Tissint) compositional end-members. Distinct differences in the absolute abundances and halogen ratios exist between enriched (74 to136 ppm Cl, 1303 to 3061 ppb Br, and 4 to 1423 ppb I) and depleted (10 to 26 ppm Cl, 46 to 136 ppb Br, and 3 to 329 ppb I) samples. All halogen measurements are within the ranges previously reported for martian shergottite, nakhlite, and chassignite (SNC) meteorites. Enriched shergottites show variable and generally high Br and I absolute abundances. Halogen ratios (Br/Cl and I/Cl) are in proportions that exceed those of both carbonaceous chondrites and the martian surface. This may be linked to a volatile-rich martian mantle source, be related to shock processes or could represent a small degree of heavy halogen contamination (a feature of some Antarctic meteorites, for example). The differences observed in halogen abundances and ratios between enriched and depleted compositions, however, are consistent with previous suggestions of a heterogeneous distribution of volatiles in the martian mantle. Depleted shergottites have lower halogen abundances and Br and Cl in similar proportions to bulk silicate Earth and carbonaceous chondrites. Tissint in particular, as an uncontaminated fall, allows an estimate of the depleted shergottite mantle source composition to be made: 1.2 ppm Cl, 7.0 ppb Br, and 0.2 ppb I. The resultant bulk silicate Mars (BSM) estimate (22 ppm Cl, 74 ppb Br, and 6 ppb I), including the martian crust and depleted shergottite mantle, is similar to estimates of the bulk silicate earth (BSE) halogen composition.
The CXCL12-CXCR4 Signaling Axis Plays a Key Role in Cancer Metastasis and is a Potential Target for Developing Novel Therapeutics against Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Yang Ping , Hu Yae , Zhou Quansheng
Published: November 2019

Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients; there is currently no effective treatment for cancer metastasis. This is primarily due to our insufficient understanding of the metastatic mechanisms in cancer. An increasing number of studies have shown that the C-X-C motif chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) is overexpressed in various tissues and organs. It is a key niche factor that nurtures the pre-metastatic niches (tumorigenic soil) and recruits tumor cells (oncogenic “seeds”) to these niches, thereby fostering cancer cell aggression and metastatic capabilities. However, the C-X-C motif chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) is aberrantly overexpressed in various cancer stem/progenitor cells and functions as a CXCL12 receptor. CXCL12 activates CXCR4 as well as multiple downstream multiple tumorigenic signaling pathways, promoting the expression of various oncogenes. Activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and mobilization of cancer stem/progenitor cells to pre-metastatic niches. It also nurtures cancer cells with high motility, invasion, and dissemination phenotypes, thereby escalating multiple proximal or distal cancer metastasis; this results in poor patient prognosis. Based on this evidence, recent studies have explored either CXCL12- or CXCR4-targeted anti-cancer therapeutics and have achieved promising results in the preclinical trials. Further exploration of this new strategy and its potent therapeutics effect against metastatic cancer through the targeting of the CXCL12- CXCR4 signaling axis may lead to a novel therapy that can clean up the tumor microenvironment (“soil”) and kill the cancer cells, particularly the cancer stem/progenitor cells (“seeds”), in cancer patients. Ultimately, this approach has the potential to effectively treat metastatic cancer.
Conjugates of Curcumin with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rezayi Majid , Mahmoodi Pegah , Langari Hadis , Behnam Behzad , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: November 2019

In the last decade, the use of carbon nanotubes and graphenes has been on the rise for
various nanobiotechnological applications. Owing to their special characteristics, these two
nanostructures of carbon allotropes have been studied for their capacity in the detection and treatment
of many diseases. On the other hand, curcumin, a well-known antioxidant and anticancer natural
product, is being extensively studied for numerous medicinal applications. Interestingly, many reports
have shown great potentials of conjugates of curcumin and carbon nanotubes or graphenes. These conjugates,
when properly designed and functionalized with biomolecules, could represent the valuable
properties of each component alone while they could be effective in overcoming the poor solubility
issues of both curcumin and Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs). In this case, curcumin conjugates with
CNMs seem to be very promising in biosensing applications and the detection of many biomolecules,
especially, curcumin has been reported to be very effective with these conjugates. Also, the delivery of
curcumin using functionalized SWCNTs was evaluated for its ability to load and release curcumin, to
protect curcumin from degradation and to enhance its solubility. It is proposed that other properties of
these conjugates are still to be discovered and the interdisciplinary approaches among biology, medicine,
chemistry, and material engineering will accelerate the applications of these novel materials. This
review aims to summarize the findings on the applications of CNM conjugates of curcumin.
Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain
Authors: Foucault Gonzague , Duval Guillaume T , Simon Romain , Beauchet Olivier , Dinomais Mickael , Annweiler Cédric
Published: November 2019

Background:

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults.

Method:

Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables.

Results:

Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021).

Conclusion:

Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.
Post-harvest Attributes of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo): A Mini Review on the Potential of Value Addition
Authors: Sangamithra Asokapandian , Ragavi Parvatharajan
Published: November 2019

Cucumis melo is a climacteric melon known for its peculiar musky aroma and sweet taste.
It gained its popularity as thirst-quenching and refreshing fruit. Muskmelon is one of the commercially
important fruit cultivated throughout the world in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions.
The fruit shape may be round to oval, tan or straw coloured with netted peel. The flesh color may be
white or orange. Muskmelon with yellow-orange coloured pulp with a network of intertwining green
veins at the outside are highly preferred. Maturity stages of muskmelon are classified into 5 types
and usually harvested at a maturity stage called ‘full-slip’ condition. The formation of the abscission
layer between the vine and fruit determines the maturity of fruit in the field. Maturity of the harvested
fruit has greater impact on sugar content, volatile content and the texture. The fruit is abundant in
nutritional and medicinal properties. It offers a good source of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B6 and
potassium. Muskmelon, being climacteric fruit, cannot be stored for a longer time due to its continuous
respiration. Hence, the value addition of muskmelon play a vital role in preserving the fruit in
different forms. This review describes the origin, types, maturity indices, nutritional benefits and different
value-added products of Cucumis melo.
COMPETENCY AND VALUES OF LOCAL WISDOM OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
Authors: Harsoyo Yohanes , Astuti Catharina Wigati Retno , Rahayu Caecilia Wahyu Estining
Published: November 2019

The competency of secondary school principals needs to be developed. The development of school principals' competencies needs to pay attention to cultural aspects that develop in the surrounding community. This research was aimed to describe the school principal’s competencies according to National Education Ministry Regulation No. 13 (2007) about School Principal’s standard competencies and their competencies development based on the values of local wisdom. This piece of research was conducted quantitatively and qualitatively. The research samples were 30 school principals whom their schools were located in the regional of Mataraman cultures. Data was gathered by collecting questionnaires (open and closed questions) and also interviews. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of this study are as follows: first, the school principals have been good at social and personality competences, yet the managerial, entrepreneurial, and supervision competences were still in adequate level; second, school principals already comprehended the values of Sistem Among and some of them had been implemented them. However, they had not been comprehend the leadership values based on Asta Brata and Sastra Gending; third, most of leadership values were based on Asta Brata, Sistem Among, and Sastra Gending that were compatible to the school principals and used for developing their leadership.
CAPTURING TEACHING MOTIVATION OF TEACHER IN THE DISADVANTAGED AREAS
Authors: Utomo Hanggara Budi , Suminar Dewi Retno , Hamidah Hamidah
Published: November 2019

Teaching motivation of teachers is very important for student’s development. The purpose of this study is to test the teaching motivation of teachers in disadvantaged areas affected by the school climate and self-concept through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The subjects of this research were 241 teachers. Data collection techniques used instruments in the form of a school climate scale, a scale of self-concept, a scale of basic psychological need satisfaction, and a scale of teaching motivation. The data analysis techniques used a structural equation modeling. The results showed that the attention of teachers who teach in disadvantaged areas shows that the school climate and teacher’s self-concept differently provide an important role in teaching motivation mediated by the basic psychological needs satisfaction. This means that teaching motivation is a result of the role of the school climate as an external factor and satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-concept as an internal factor. The implication of this research is the need for programs to develop teacher motivation in disadvantaged areas by optimizing and considering school climate, self-concept, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs as influential factors.
Intelligent alarms using principal component analysis on hemodynamic monitoring (Preprint)
Authors: Fuglerud Silje Skeide , Wedeld Mikael Dyb , Martens Harald , Skjærvold Nils Kristian
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Patient monitors in modern hospitals give heartbeat waveform data that is reduced to aggregated variables and simple thresholds for alarms.
Often, the monitors give a steady stream of non-specific alarms, leading to alarm fatigue in clinicians. An alarm can be seen as a classification problem, and by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the heart rate waveform of readily available monitoring devices, the accuracy of the classification of abnormality could be highly increased.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether physiological changes could be detected by looking at the heart rate waveform.

METHODS

A dataset of a healthy volunteer monitored with electrocardiography (ECG) and invasive blood pressure (BP) experiencing several tilts on a tilting table was investigated. A novel way of splitting continuous data based on the heartbeat was introduced. PCA was applied to classify the heartbeats.

RESULTS

A classification using only the aggregated variables heart rate (HR) and BP was able to correctly identify 20.7% of the heartbeats in the vertical tilt as abnormal. A classification using the full waveforms and combining the ECG and BP signals was able to correctly identify 83.5% of the heartbeats in the vertical tilt as abnormal. A humanistic machine learning (ML) method is then proposed based on the PCA classification.

CONCLUSIONS

A ML method for classification of physiological variability was described. The main novelty lies in the splitting of an ECG and BP signal by the heart rate and performing a PCA on the data-table.
Capital Adequacy and Liquidity of Global Financial Institutions: A Study of Reforms after the Great Recession
Authors: Monadjemi Mehdi , Lodewijks John
Published: November 2019

The global financial crises of 2007-2009 was followed by the Great Recession which was the worst since the Great Depression of 1930s. The crises left significant adverse effects on global growth and employment. Policymakers of affected countries responded differently to the outcomes of these crises. The central banks, including US Federal Reserve Bank and Bank of England, provided ample liquidity for the financial institutions and lowered the interest rate to near zero. The policymakers and regulators realized that capital inadequacy and insufficient liquidity of financial institutions were the main problems preventing the financial firms to protect themselves against major financial crises. In addition, lack of guidelines for compensations encourages managers to take the extra risks. The US Federal Reserve Bank took the initiative, in cooperation with international central banks to introduce rules and regulations to safeguard the financial systems against another major crisis. It is not guaranteed that another episode of financial instability will not happen again. However, with existing regulations on financial institutions in force, the severity of the crises on the whole global financial system may possibly become weaker. This is a conjecture we explore here.
Perceived Barriers to Regular Class Attendance of BCommH Students in University of Community Health, Magway
Authors: Soe Htin Zaw , B A , Lin Khin San , Zan Thet Su , Thwin Nant Yee Mon , Hlaing Nanda
Published: November 2019

Education is essential not only for every citizen to survive in dignity but also for nation building. In any education settings, students’ regular class attendance plays a vital role for obtaining good academic achievements. A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among BCommH students (n=410) of University of Community Health, Magway from October to December 2017 using a mixed method with objectives of exploring their perceived barriers of regular class attendance and possible solutions. Data collected by pretested semi-structured questionnaires were entered into computers and analysed by SPSS software version 18.0 with a significant level of 0.05. Qualitative data were assessed by content analysis. Significant findings related to irregular class attendance were level of previous class [OR = 3.08 (95% CI: 1.6 – 5.91) (p < 0.005)], monthly financial aid from family of MMK 100,000 or more [OR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.29 – 3.86) (p = 0.003)], travelling pattern to and from campus by other means [OR = 7.76 (95% CI: 2.13 – 28.21) (p < 0.005)] and lunch taking pattern in week days [OR = 1.91 (95% CI: 1.13 – 3.23) (p < 0.025)]. Among the perceived barriers most of students (82.2%) stated illness as a barrier followed by being busy with preparation for examinations (46.4%), getting up late from bed in the morning (41.1%) and lecture room with high indoor temperature (40.5%). In in-depth interviews, students mentioned the reasons of missing classes as weakness in teaching system, their socio-behavioral factors and poor class room conditions. In conclusion the present study unearthed the various perceived barriers and these barriers should be removed by appropriate means including intensive oversight of faculty and staff on the students, reinforced with introduction of time management concepts into curriculum and making teaching learning environment more friendly to and happy for students, leading to more regular attendance among the students finally to achieve their high academic grades.
La ambigüedad del concepto de algunas armas incapacitantes menos letales en la Ley Nacional sobre el uso de la fuerza
Authors: García Vázquez Borja
Published: November 2019

La Ley Nacional sobre uso de la fuerza ofrece por primera vez en
México, una regulación de la actuación de los miembros de la seguridad
pública y su debido respeto a los Derechos Humanos. La problemática surge
de la inclusión de determinados elementos, cuya falta de definición podrían
causar una vulneración de los DDHH no deseada por el legislador, motivo que
nos lleva a ofrecer una exposición sobre cuales son estos elementos y el
tratamiento que reciben en el ámbito internacional y nacional comparado.
El protocolo de Nagoya en México: un análisis legal del cumplimiento y el papel de los protocolos comunitarios bioculturales
Authors: Hernández Ordoñez Sergio Ricardo
Published: November 2019

El Protocolo de Nagoya constituye un tratado especializado en la regulación del acceso apropiado de los recursos genéticos y los conocimientos tradicionales asociados. Busca abatir la problemática asociada con la biopiratería y el despojo histórico de los recursos genéticos y la biodiversidad de los pueblos originarios. El tratado proporciona estándares internacionales de consentimiento informado previo y condiciones mutuamente acordadas entre usuarios y proveedores de tales recursos. México es Parte, situación que lo obliga a implementar medidas administrativas, legislativas y de política que permitan su funcionamiento en territorio nacional. Empero, México carece de una legislación nacional para combatir la biopiratería en detrimento de la implementación del tratado. Esta situación lo señala como un paraíso de acceso por la falta de una regulación nacional e inhibe la detonación de procesos nacionales para el desarrollo de protocolos comunitarios bioculturales como instrumentos defensivos de las comunidades originarias para evitar el saqueo de sus recursos.   
La exclusión étnica en la educación básica y secundaria en la naciente república de Colombia, 1819-1825
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: November 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar las dificultades del naciente Estado republicano para diseñar un sistema educativo incluyente que cobijara a las minorías étnicas. Muy poco se logró avanzar en estos años por superar la mentalidad segregacionista y la rígida estructura social que habían primado durante el periodo de dominio hispánico. Así, entonces, los principios republicanos de igualdad y libertad no se vieron reflejados en la política educativa, que resultó afectada por la crisis económica, el déficit fiscal y los estragos causados por las guerras de Independencia; por consiguiente, a los indios y a los negros se les aplazó el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos como ciudadanos, con lo cual se limitaron sus oportunidades de reconocimiento y ascenso socio-económico.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to analyze the difficulties of the beginning of the republican state to design an inclusive education system that would cover ethnic minorities. Very little progress was made in these years to overcome the segregationist mentality and the rigid social structure that had prevailed during the Hispanic domain. So, then, the republican principles of equality and freedom were not reflected in educational policies, which were affected by the economic crisis, the fiscal deficit and the devastation caused by the wars of independence. Therefore the civil rights of Indians and blacks were postponed, thus their chances of recognition and socio-economic improvement were limited.RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é analizar as dificuldades do nascente Estado republicano para projetar um Sistema educacional inclusivo para abranger às minorias étnicas. Muito pouco progresso foi alcançado nos ultimos anos para superar a mentalidade segregacionista e a estrutura social rígida que prevaleceu durante o período de domínio hispânico. Assim, então, os princípios republicanos de igualdade e liberdade não se refletiram na política educacional, que resultou afetada pela la crise econômica, o déficit fiscal e da devastação causadas pelas guerras de Independência; portanto, aos índios e aos negros foram adiadas para exercer plenamente os seus direitos como cidadaõs, assim suas chances de reconhecimento e avanço sócio-econômico fora
Historia de vida: la maestra Flor de Orozco
Authors: Valbuena Porras Mónica Liset
Published: November 2019

Esta investigación1 busca analizar y comprender la labor de la maestra rural desde su entorno familiar, social y cultural, a través de la incidencia de las transformaciones socio-políticas que se gestaron a nivel nacional, regional y local durante el siglo XX.Los enfoques desarrollados para este trabajo son el de la Historia social de la educación2 y el de la Educación comparada, para tener una visión teórica, ideológica, política-filosófica que permita aproximarse al objeto de estudio a través de la historia de vida, que contribuye a la construcción de la memoria individual y colectiva de los pueblos.ABSTRACTThis research seeks to analyze and understand the work of the rural teacher through her family, social and cultural environment, and through the impact of socio-political transformations that took place at national, regional, and local level during the twentieth century.The approaches developed for this work include the social history of education and comparative education in order to gain a theoretical, ideological and political-philosophical vision to approach the object of study through the history of life, which contributes to the construction of individual and collective memory of peoples.RESUMOEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e compreender o trabalho da professora rural a partir de seu ambiente familiar, social e cultural, através do impacto das transformações sócio- políticas que foram desenvolvidas a nível nacional, regional y local durante el século XX.As abordagens desenvolvidas para este trabalho são a da historia social da educação e da educação comparativa, para ter uma visão teórica, ideológica, política-filosófica que permite se aproximar do objeto de estudo através da historia de vida, que contribui à construção da memoria individual e colectiva dos povos.
De la escuela normal superior de Colombia al instituto caro y cuervo. Un aporte histórico cultural a la educación Colombiana (1936-1951)
Authors: Figueroa Claudia , Londoño Ramos Carlos Arturo
Published: November 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo primordial presentar los intercambios entre la Escuela Normal Superior y el Instituto Caro y Cuervo, como vigía y difusor del patrimonio lingüístico y lexicográfico de Colombia. El Instituto Caro y Cuervo se relacionó con la Escuela Normal en cuanto a profesores, estudiantes, pensum y trayectoria científica en el estudio del legado histórico-cultural del el País
La evaluación como ejercicio del poder docente
Authors: Pejendino Piandoy Omaira Elisabeth , Piandoy Jojoa Roberto Hernando
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo, es resultado de la investigación titulada: “El ejercicio del poder docente en la evaluación de los aprendizajes”1; se propone comprender el sentido pedagógico del ejercicio del poder docente en la evaluación de los aprendizajes; teniendo como escenario principal, el contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar del Municipio de Samaniego. Para el logro de este objetivo se realiza una aproximación al concepto de evaluación, de igual manera, se rastrean las diferentes concepciones y manifestaciones del ejercicio del poder que se producen en el aula de clase. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo de este propósito es la indagación bibliográfica, la entrevista a profundidad, la sistematización conceptual, el análisis de la información y las perspectivas teóricas de los diferentes autores consultados. Como resultado de esta investigación se puede señalar que: la evaluación se entiende como un proceso integral, en la cual subyace el ejercicio del poder docente, que debe ser comprendido y ejercido con un sentido pedagógico con el fin de lograr resultados positivos en el contexto de los procesos educativos.
La masonería en Miranda, Mutis y Zea (para una historiografía de la francmasonería latinoamericana)
Authors: Mora García José Pascual
Published: November 2019

A la tradición de las Luces masónicas y su influencia en la construcción de la independencia las ha reconocido poco la historiografía tradicional. En este trabajo, se propone develar los aportes de Sebastián Francisco de Miranda, José Celestino Mutis y, su discípulo, Francisco Antonio Zea. Igualmente, se quiere significar su influencia en la construcción de la ciencia moderna en la Nueva Granada. La Expedición Botánica, liderada por el sabio José Celestino Mutis, es la pionera no solo por llevar los conceptos de la ciencia moderna, sino es el patriarca fundador de principios paramasónicos de los ideólogos de la independencia neogranadina. Se sigue el método de la historia de las mentalidades, representaciones e imaginarios, que analiza no solo los criterios de la historia positiva, sino los “andamios mentales” de las contribuciones de los científicos neogranadinos, especialmente aquellos que tuvieron formación masónica.
Discapacidad y educación inclusiva en el programa de ciencias sociales de la universidad de Nariño
Authors: Mesa Manosalva Edgar Guillermo
Published: November 2019

Este artículo es fruto de la investigación que se realizó en la Universidad de Nariño, de la Ciudad de Pasto, con estudiantes del programa de Licenciatura en educación básica, con énfasis en Ciencias Sociales, para la atención a la población en situación de discapacidad (Resolución 146/2012). Se inscribió dentro del modelo cualitativo, investigación acción participativa y crítico social; se privilegió la observación, la entrevista y los talleres. Participaron quince estudiantes del programa de Ciencias Sociales y docentes vinculados al centro educativo Profesa1, que se constituyó en centro de práctica pedagógica e investigativa. El análisis de la información se realizó desde el sistema categorial, para obtener como resultado la conceptualización, los sentimientos y actitudes frente a la discapacidad, la inclusión educativa, la educación inclusiva y la formación de docentes para atender a personas en situación de discapacidad. Se evidenció que, en la Universidad de Nariño, el Sistema de Bienestar Universitario realiza actividades, programas y eventos de apoyo a la inclusión educativa y social; no obstante, las unidades académicas formadoras de docentes y educadoras siguen con la tarea pendiente de formar en discapacidad, inclusión y diversidad. Se constató que, en el programa de Ciencias Sociales, hay inclusión educativa de personas en situación de discapacidad, pero, al mismo tiempo, no existe un eje temático transversal para trabajar con esta población, situación que abre el debate frente a los lineamientos sobre educación diversa e inclusiva para la Educación Superior emanados del MEN y el Decreto 2082/1996.
Por fuera de la casa del amo: Insumisión epistémica o cimarronismo intelectual en el pensamiento educativo afrocolombiano siglo XX
Authors: Betancourt Bejarano Adriana Mabel
Published: November 2019

Desde sus primeras palabras este libro se convierte en referente analítico sobre el pensamiento y la educación afrocolombiana, un recorrido sobre el proceso histórico de construcción del pensamiento en el ámbito educativo, los más valiosos aportes críticos y políticos hechos a lo largo del siglo xx por líderes de la comunidad negra...
Dietary supplementation of inulin or flavomycin and type of cut of rabbit meat: changes on fatty acid profile and sensorial characteristics
Authors: Juárez-Silva Maria Eugenia , Cuchillo-Hilario Mario , Villarreal-Delgado Enrique
Published: November 2019

The demand for meat from animals raised with the minimum use of antibiotics is growing. Also, the use of prebiotics, antibiotics, type of cut of meat to modify the fatty acid profile and the effects on consumer preferences are still not clear. The present study investigated the fatty acid profile, the health, and risk fatty acid indices and the consumer sensory evaluation of rabbit’s meat fed inulin and flavomycin as additives. Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly arranged into 4 treatments of 12 animals each. The control group did not receive antibiotic or inulin supplementation. The second group was supplemented with inulin while the third group received flavomycin as supplement. The fourth group received both inulin and flavomycin. Inulin addition in rabbit’s diet increases beneficial fatty acids (CLA and n3-PUFA) and enables a better health-promoting index while reducing the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices of meat. The type of cut of meat (loin, fore legs and hind legs) had a minor impact on changing the fatty acid profile. In contrast, inulin or flavomycin addition showed larger modifications than type of cut of meat on this respect. Flavomycin reduced hedonic properties of meat. Loin tended to be the most preferred cut of meat. Inulin is a good alternative to avoid the utilization of antibiotics in rabbit’s feeding.
Federalismo, Vinculação, Fundeb, VAAT e CAQ
Authors: Sena Paulo
Published: November 2019

Este artigo aborda as origens conceituais e bases legais e constitucionais do Custo Aluno Qualidade e discute caminhos para superar os obstáculos à sua implementação, dado o insucesso de sua garantia nos espaços dos poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, apesar de constar expressamente como estratégia/meta do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE). Aponta a necessidade de três convergências técnicas e política: entre o CAQ e o Fundeb, principal instrumento de financiamento da educação básica; entre o CAQ e o “valor aluno-ano total”, critério de distribuição da complementação da União ao Fundeb, indicado em proposta debatida no Congresso Nacional, e entre o CAQ e o federalismo, de forma a buscar equilíbrio e equidade a partir do exercício da solidariedade federativa, com papel predominante, mas não único, da União.
A Emenda Constitucional 95: empecilhos para cumprir o PNE
Authors: De Figueiredo Gil Vicente Reis
Published: November 2019

O artigo analisa a evolução do número de matrículas na educação infantil/creche, comparando-a com o previsto na Meta 1 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), aprovado em 2014, cujo objetivo é “ampliar a oferta de educação infantil em creches de forma a atender, no mínimo, 50% das crianças de até 3 anos” até o final de sua vigência. Faz estimativa do necessário para cumprir o PNE, do ponto de vista da Meta 17, e para garantir a valorização dos/as profissionais do magistério das redes públicas de educação básica de forma a equiparar seu rendimento médio ao dos demais profissionais com escolaridade equivalente. Demonstra que nenhuma dessas metas vem sendo cumprida, comprometendo a oferta prevista e o nível de investimento por aluno/ ano, impedindo a implantação do custo aluno-qualidade.