bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Needle‐Plug/Piston‐Based Modular Mesoscopic Design Paradigm Coupled With Microfluidic Device for Point‐of‐Care Pooled Testing
Authors: Lin Baobao , Li Bao , Zeng Wu , Zhao Yulan , Li Huiping , Gu Yin , Liu Peng
Published: September 2024

Emerging diagnostic scenarios, such as population surveillance by pooled testing and on‐site rapid diagnosis, highlight the importance of advanced microfluidic systems for in vitro diagnostics. However, the widespread adoption of microfluidic technology faces challenges due to the lack of standardized design paradigms, posing difficulties in managing macro‐micro fluidic interfaces, reagent storage, and complex macrofluidic operations. This paper introduces a novel modular‐based mesoscopic design paradigm, featuring a core “needle‐plug/piston” structure with versatile variants for complex fluidic operations. These structures can be easily coupled with various microfluidic platforms to achieve truly self‐contained microsystems. Incorporated into a “3D extensible” design architecture, the mesoscopic design meets the demands of function integration, macrofluid manipulations, and flexible throughputs for point‐of‐care nucleic acid testing. Using this approach, an ultra‐sensitive nucleic acid detection system is developed with a limit of detection of ten copies of SARS‐CoV‐2 per mL. This system efficiently conducts large‐scale pooled testing from 50 pharyngeal swabs in a tube with an uncompromised sensitivity, enabling a truly “sample‐in‐answer‐out” microsystem with exceptional performance.
Effective Corrosion‐Resistant Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst on HfO2‐Passivated BiVO4 Photoanode for Durable (≈800 h) Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Arunachalam Maheswari , Lee Kug‐Seung , Zhu Kai , Kang Soon Hyung
Published: September 2024

Green hydrogen (H2) production from solar water splitting necessitates photoelectrodes with superior photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity and durability. However, surface defects and photocorrosion instability—especially at high potentials—limit PEC performance and stability. Herein, the prototypical bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode is used to demonstrate a holistic approach to improve photocurrent density and long‐term stability. In this approach, high surface‐area nanostructuring of BiVO4 is combined with barium (Ba) doping with semi‐crystalline hafnium oxide (HfO2) surface passivation and single‐atom nickel platinum (NiPt) catalysts. The introduction of Ba2+ ions into BiVO4 increases the concentration of conductive V4+ ions or the ratio of V4+ ions to oxygen vacancies, avoiding V5+ dissolution during water oxidation. The semi‐crystalline HfO2, which serves as a passivation layer, prevents BiVO4 photocorrosion by suppressing harmful chemical reactions when holes are transferred to the electrolyte. The synergistic use of isolated single‐atom and Ni‐Pt coordination improves charge transfer at the photoanode/electrolyte interface, leading to enhanced PEC kinetics and stability. As a result, a photoelectrode is demonstrated with ≈6.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and continuous operation for 800 h with a negligible degradation rate. This work provides a promising approach to improve photoanodes for PEC H2 production.
Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and planting date matter?
Authors: Ortez O. A. , McMechan A. J. , Robinson E. , Elmore R. W.
Published: September 2024

Corn (Zea mays L.) yields have increased historically, but production concerns still exist. For decades, abnormal corn ear development symptoms have been reported. Most of these reports have not been addressed through research, perhaps due to low occurrence and challenges in replicating them. In 2016, widespread abnormal ear development (multiple ears per node, barbell‐ears, and short‐husk ears) issues were reported in several cornfields in the Texas Panhandle, Eastern Colorado, Nebraska, and other US Midwest states. Fields with a high frequency of abnormalities resulted in lower yields. To investigate causal factors, a field trial was established to study the effect of hybrids, environments, and planting dates on abnormal ears. The project was conducted at two Nebraska sites during the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons. Six hybrids, six environments, and four planting dates were studied. Approximately 59,200 plants were individually assessed at the dent stage (R5). Abnormal ear percentages ranged from 0% to 45% per plot, with a mean of 6.66% across all conditions. Interactions among hybrids, environments, and planting dates were documented despite the overall low incidence of abnormal ears. Grain yields ranged from 5.2 to 22.5 Mg ha−1; hybrids with higher abnormal ear percentages were associated with lower yields. The main documented symptom was short‐husk ears. Abnormal ears were often placed at lower heights in the plant relative to normal ears. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of studying abnormal ears and understanding the impact of planting dates and hybrid selection as potential strategies to mitigate abnormal ears.
Body Mass Gain in Wild Brown Capuchins (Sapajus apella) in Relation to Fruit Production and Social Dominance
Authors: Galvis Nelson F. , Rodríguez Daniela , Stevenson Pablo R.
Published: September 2024

In ecological contexts natural selection might favor individuals with a larger body mass to monopolize resources; however, there is wide variation in body mass within populations and potential factors. In this study, we evaluated whether fruit production limits body mass in one group of Sapajus apella, its effects on behavior, and whether there is a relationship between social status and body mass. We recorded activity patterns using focal follows (20 min), body mass (using a modified Ohaus scale), and community wide fruit production estimates (from 60 fruit traps). Body mass remained relatively stable during periods of food scarcity, but in periods of abundance most individuals gained weight, as indicated by their relative growth rates (RGR). Subordinate subadults showed the highest RGR, as expected by their age. In periods of high fruit production activities as traveling, grooming, and playing were more frequent than during fruit scarcity, suggesting energy maximization and potential energetic constraints. We found differences in behavior within the group, as the alpha male was observed feeding more frequently (and for longer periods of time), was more aggressive (e.g., feeding trees), and received more grooming than other individuals. In addition, the alpha male was 60% heavier than the group's average body mass. Our study supports the hypothesis that body weight gain is related to fruit abundance and that body size is associated with social dominance; however, large individuals (both males and females) seem to incur in high metabolic or reproductive costs, as they do not gain much weight as smaller individuals.
Loading Lewis Acid/Base Pair on Metal Nanocluster for Catalytic Ugi Reaction
Authors: Fan Ji‐Qiang , Li Yanshuang , Wu Xu Wen , Li Man‐Bo
Published: September 2024

Constructing structurally robust and catalytically active metal nanoclusters for catalyzing multi‐component reactions is an interesting while challenging task. Inspired by Lewis acid and Lewis base catalysis, we realized the combination of both Lewis acid and Lewis base sites on the surface of a stable gold nanocluster Au35Cd2. The catalytic potential of Au35Cd2 in four‐component Ugi reaction was explored, demonstrating high activity and exceptional recyclability. In‐depth mechanism studies indicate that the catalytic synergy of the Lewis acid/base pair is crucial for the high efficiency of Au35Cd2‐catalyzed Ugi reaction. Bearing the stable structure, multiple activation sites and hierarchical chirality, Au35Cd2 is expected to display further interesting catalytic performance such as asymmetric catalysis.
Effect of silica‐loaded polydopamine‐modified graphene oxide nanocomposites on the corrosion resistance of polyester coatings
Authors: Ding Guoxin , Liu Jun , Hu Yuexiang , Cheng Guojun , Sun Chenfeng , Liu Yan , Chen Xiangxiang
Published: September 2024

On the basis of the complex environment of port terminals, the corrosion resistance of coatings for accompanying metal facilities is a primary factor that needs to be considered. This study prepared polydopamine‐modified graphene oxide loaded with silicon dioxide (PGO@SiO2) functional filler, which was incorporated into polyester resin (PR) by extrusion mixing. The PGO@SiO2/PR composite coating was obtained by electrostatic spraying and high‐temperature curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and other results confirmed the successful preparation of the PGO@SiO2 functional filler. In addition, contact angle, adhesion, and corrosion resistance tests were performed on the composite coating. Compared with pure PR coating, the surface hydrophobicity and adhesion of the composite coating were significantly improved compared with the pure PR coating. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the carbon steel substrate composite coating confirmed that after immersion in salt solution, the low‐frequency impedance modulus of the composite coating could be maintained at 8.63 × 108 Ω·cm2, which was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure PR coating. Thus, PGO@SiO2 could significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the PR coating and hinder the infiltration of corrosive media. It has broad prospects for engineering applications because of its excellent anticorrosive performance.
Scalable and low‐cost lithium acetate / polyetherimide composite dielectrics exhibiting improved energy storage properties at high temperature
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Liu Yancheng , Jia Zhiguo , Xing Yunqi , Feng Mengjia
Published: September 2024

Polymer dielectrics with excellent energy storage properties are crucial for high‐power density electronic equipment in environments such as high temperatures and strong electric fields. They play a critical role in applications including hybrid electric vehicles, electromagnetic launch devices, and photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the small molecule compound lithium acetate (LiAc), which is low cost and exhibits good thermal stability in high‐temperature environments, was selected and blended with a polyetherimide (PEI) polymer matrix at an ultra‐low loading (≤0.3 vol%). LiAc has a higher electron affinity compared to PEI, which will result in a large trap energy level (Φe). The injected and excited electrons are trapped by strong electrostatic attraction, which suppresses carrier transport, reduces conduction losses, and improves breakdown strength in high‐temperature environments. This composite dielectric exhibits better energy storage properties in high‐temperature environments. The energy density of the 0.2% by volume LiAc/PEI composite dielectric reaches 3.04 J cm−3 at 150°C, maintaining an energy storage efficiency of approximately 90%. The research presented in this paper offers a novel approach to achieving excellent energy storage properties in polymer‐based composite dielectrics operating in high‐temperature environments.
Tackling the Thorny Dilemma of Mapping Southeastern Sicily's Coastal Archaeology Beneath Dense Mediterranean Vegetation: A Drone‐Based LiDAR Approach
Authors: Calderone Dario , Lercari Nicola , Tanasi Davide , Busch Dennis , Hom Ryan , Lanteri Rosa
Published: September 2024

Airborne laser scanning (ALS), commonly known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), is a remote sensing technique that enables transformative archaeological research by providing high‐density 3D representations of landscapes and sites covered by vegetation whose analysis reveals hidden features and structures. ALS can detect targets under trees and grasslands, making it an ideal archaeological survey and mapping tool. ALS instruments are usually mounted on piloted aircraft. However, since the mid‐2010s, smaller laser scanners can be mounted on uncrewed aerial vehicles or drones. In this article, we examined the viability of drone‐based ALS for archaeological applications by utilizing a RIEGL VUX‐UAV22 sensor to capture point clouds with high spatial resolution at the archaeological site of Heloros in Southeastern Sicily, founded by the Greeks in the late eighth century bce. Using this laser scanner, we surveyed over 1.6 km2 of the archaeological landscape, producing datasets that outperformed noncommercial airborne ALS data for the region made available by the Italian government. We produced derivative imagery free of vegetation, which we visualized in GIS using a modified Local Relief Model technique to aid our archaeological analyses. Our findings demonstrate that drone‐based ALS can penetrate the dense Mediterranean canopy of coastal Sicily with sufficient point density to enable more efficient mapping of underlying archaeological features such as stone quarries, cart tracks, defensive towers and fortification walls. Our study proved that drone‐based ALS sensors can be easily transported to remote locations and that in‐house lab staff can safely operate them, which enables multiple on‐demand surveys and opportunistic collections to be conducted on the fly when environmental conditions are ideal. We conclude that these capabilities further increase the benefits of utilizing ALS for surveying the archaeological landscape under the Mediterranean canopy.
Clinical efficacy and safety of first‐line nilotinib or imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia—Nationwide real life data
Authors: Belohlavkova Petra , Zackova Daniela , Klamova Hana , Faber Edgar , Karas Michal , Stejskal Lukas , Cmunt Eduard , Cerna Olga , Jeziskova Ivana , Machova Polakova Katerina , Zak Pavel , Jurkova Tereza , Chrapava Marika , Mayer Jiri
Published: September 2024

Background

To evaluate the outcomes of first‐line imatinib versus nilotinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML‐CP) in real‐world clinical practice.

Methods

A propensity score analysis was performed to eliminate imbalances between the treatment groups. In the analysis, 163 patients in the nilotinib group and 163 patients in the matched imatinib group were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Nilotinib‐treated patients achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response more rapidly than imatinib‐treated patients. However, there was no significant difference in 5‐year overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) between the two groups (OS: 94.3% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.602; PFS: 92.9% vs. 88.0%, p = 0.614). Nilotinib‐treated patients had a higher failure‐free survival (FFS) and event‐free survival (EFS) than imatinib‐treated patients (FFS: 71.7% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.040; EFS: 71.7% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.025).

Conclusions

This retrospective analysis from clinical practice did not confirm any benefit of frontline nilotinib treatment for OS and PFS; however, it did demonstrate higher FFS and EFS in the nilotinib cohort.
Tumor volume changes after stereotactic, hypofractionated and conventional radiotherapy in paragangliomas of head and neck
Authors: Polanowski Paweł J. , Kotecka‐Blicharz Agnieszka R. , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Amrogowicz Natalia J. , Nasiek Aleksandra M. , Pietruszka Agnieszka , Polanowska Katarzyna M. , Składowski Krzysztof A.
Published: September 2024

Background

The aim of this study is comparison the effectiveness of stereotactic, hypofractionated and conventional radiotherapy assessed by the tumor volume changes of paraganglioma located in the head and neck region concerning fractional and total doses.

Methods

We analyzed 76 patients after radiotherapy due to paraganglioma who were assigned to 3 groups considering fractional (≤2 Gy, 3–5.5 Gy, ≥6 Gy) and total (≤20 Gy, 21–40 Gy, >40 Gy) doses. The volumes of irradiated tumors were measured and compared based on diagnostic images performed before and after the treatment.

Results

The mean tumor volume after the treatment with the lowest fractional dose (≤2 Gy) was decreased by 14.4 cm3. In patients treated with higher fractional doses (>2 Gy), the mean tumor volumes decreased by less than 1 cm3 for hypofractionated and stereotactic radiotherapy. 15.9 cm3 reduction of the mean tumor volume after the treatment with the highest RT total dose (>40 Gy) was stated. In patients treated with total doses ≤20 Gy and 21–40 Gy, the mean tumor volume was stable and reduced by 1.15 cm3, respectively. The analysis demonstrates a statistically significant (p < 0.05) treatment advantage in patients after the lowest fractional and highest total doses.

Conclusion

The reduction of the tumor's volume was reported after conventional and unconventional radiotherapy. The most significant depletion of the paraganglioma volume was noted after a factional dose ≤2 Gy and a total dose >40 Gy.
Psychopathy traits explain variance shared between features of substance use disorders and violence
Authors: Vincent Samuel R. , Graupman Emily E. , McGarrigle William J. , Kosson David S.
Published: September 2024

Background

There is a substantial research literature on identifying risk and protective factors for violence perpetration. Substance use disorders have long been identified as constituting a significant predictor of violent behaviour. Psychopathy traits have also been similarly recognised, but inter‐relationships between psychopathy traits, features of substance use disorders and violence have been little explored.

Aims

To determine the degree to which shared variance between substance dependence symptoms and violence, as indicated by criminal charges for violent offences, among jailed men can be explained by psychopathy traits.

Methods

Features of dependence on substances in three drug classes (alcohol, cannabis and cocaine) were assessed in a sample of 682 men in a county jail awaiting trial on criminal charges, many for violent offences. Statistical comparisons of zero‐order and partial correlations tested whether accounting for psychopathy total and facet scores, assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R), affected associations between substance dependence symptoms and violent charges.

Results

Total PCL‐R scores accounted for a significant proportion of the shared variance between the history of criminal charges for violence offences and lifetime substance dependence symptoms in all three drug classes. At the facet level, controlling for ratings on the interpersonal and modified antisocial facets reduced the association between criminal charges for violent offences and symptoms of cocaine dependence; controlling for ratings on a modified antisocial facet also attenuated links between alcohol and cannabis dependence symptoms and history of charges for violent offences.

Conclusion

These findings build on the sparse literature to date on the role of psychopathy traits on relationships between features of substance use disorders and violence. Given that the observed connection between substance dependence symptoms and charges for violent offences is partly accounted for by individual differences in psychopathy traits, it follows that effective treatment for those traits may be useful, perhaps essential to reducing links between features of some substance use disorders and violent offending.
Refractory CRPS pain treated with psilocybin: A case report
Authors: Jevotovsky David S. , Chopra Harman , Wing Court , Spotswood Carlton J. , Castellanos Joel
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for CRPS, offering significant pain relief and functional improvement in a patient with refractory symptoms. This case highlights the need for further research into psilocybin's efficacy and optimal dosing for chronic pain management.
Photostimulated Anticancer Activity of Mitochondria Localized Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bearing 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline Ligands Against MDA‐MB‐231 Cancer Cells
Authors: Kar Binoy , Paira Priyankar
Published: September 2024

We have introduced Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes (ReL1 ‐ ReL6) [Re(CO)3(N^N)Cl] where N^N=extensive π conjugated imidazo‐[4,5‐f][1,10]‐phenanthroline derivatives that helps in strong DNA intercalation, enhanced photophysical behavior, increase the 3π‐π* character of T1 state for PDT and high value of lipophilicity for cell membrane penetration. These complexes exhibited prominent intraligand/ligand‐centered (π‐π*/1LC) absorption bands at λ 260–350 nm and relatively weak metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (1MLCT) bands within the λ 350–550 nm range. Among the six synthesized complexes, [(CO)3ReICl(K2‐N,N‐2‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline] (ReL6) exhibited outstanding potency (IC50~6 μM, PI>9) under yellow light irradiation compared to dark conditions. Importantly, extremely lipophilic complex ReL6 showed effective penetration through the cell membrane and localized primarily in mitochondria (Pearson's correlation coefficient, PCC=0.918) of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Complex ReL6 exhibited more than 9 times higher photo‐toxicity in normoxic and hypoxic environment of tumor by inducing 1O2 generation (type II PDT), radical generation triggered by NADH oxidation (type I PDT). This complex is a promising candidate for TNBC treatment in hypoxic tumors, with efficacy comparable to photofrin and have demonstrated CO release ability under UV light irradiation.
Cu‐Catalyzed [3+1+1] Cascade Cyclization of O‐Acyl Oximes with Sulfur and Silyl Enol Ethers: Rapid Access to Naphthothiazoles
Authors: Cui Xiaofan , Sheng Shi , Pi Chao , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling
Published: September 2024

A three‐component cyclization reaction of O‐acyl oximes, silyl enol ethers and elemental sulfur has been developed, in which silyl enol ether acts as a C1 synthon to participate in cyclization reaction and build a series of 2‐aroylnaphthothiazoles and 2‐aroylbenzothienothiazoles. The preliminary exploration of the reaction mechanism indicated that this transformation probably proceeded through a radical process, involving S3⋅− as a key intermediate, enabling subsequent nucleophilic substitution with O‐acyl oximes to afford iminosulfur radical, which undergoes 1,3‐H shift to yield sulfur‐centered radical intermediate. And then this intermediate undergoes radical addition with silyl enol ether, leading to the formation of the titled products through intramolecular cyclization and oxidation. Moreover, the products obtained exhibit favorable fluorescence properties, which indicates their potential application as functional materials.
Boolean Logic Gate Operation in Bacteriorhodopsin of Purple Membrane Based on a Molten Globule‐like State
Authors: Mostafa Hamdy I. A.
Published: September 2024

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) of purple membrane (PM) has increasing technical interests, particularly in photonic devices and bioelectronics. The present work has concerned with monitoring the temperature dependence of passive electric responses in‐plane and out‐of‐plane of the membranes. Based on thermal properties observed orthogonally here for PM, a high‐temperature intermediate of bR has been suggested to populate at around 60 °C, which may be ascribed to a molten globule‐like state. This intermediate has been found to be enclosed between two reversible thermal transitions for PM. Large‐scale turnover in the energy of activation, for these two thermal transitions, occurs steeply at such state at 60 °C, above which does bR reverse the sign of dielectric anisotropy (i. e. crossover) provided the operating frequency should be above the crossover frequency, at which the reversal occurs. No such crossover was found to occur below the crossover frequency, even above the crossover temperature (i. e. 60 °C). Likewise, no such crossover was found to occur below the crossover temperature, even above the crossover frequency. Relying on this reasoning, a logic gate operation may be declared implicating bR for bioelectronics and sense technological relevance. In addition, the results specify “dual frequency” as well as “dual temperature” characteristics to bacteriorhodopsin.
Field assessment and combining ability analysis for smut resistance in sugarcane during continuous ratoon planting in China
Authors: Xu Yuzhi , Wu Yuling , Gillani Syeda Wajeeha , Chen Jun , Li Huojian , Wei Yibin , Jiang Chunxiu , Zhang Chi , Zeng Lifang , Zhang Muqing
Published: September 2024

Sugarcane smut, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, poses a significant threat to sugarcane production in China, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study aims to understand the resistance of sugarcane genotypes to smut and the relationship between smut incidence and yield loss during ratoon cropping. We evaluated the smut resistance of 169 sugarcane genotypes. We assessed the combining ability of nine female and six male parent plants in field trials conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Fusui or Longzhou, China. Our findings reveal increased smut incidence with each successive ratoon cycle, particularly after the second ratoon. Smut infection during the ratoon cycle reduced sugarcane yield by decreasing the number of millable stalks. Variance analysis indicated that genotype, cropping cycle, and location significantly influenced disease incidence. Based on resistance levels, the genotypes were categorized into five groups: 10 highly resistant, 37 resistant, 38 moderately susceptible, 42 susceptible, and 42 highly susceptible. Analysis of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) demonstrated that crossing sugarcane parents with smut resistance effectively produced resistant hybrid offspring. Additionally, the maternal inheritance effect was more pronounced than the paternal inheritance effect, indicating that using a resistant genotype as the maternal parent is more advantageous for enhancing smut resistance. These results provide valuable insights into sugarcane smut resistance, aiding in selecting parental lines and breeding new resistant varieties.
Targeting senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes to remodel the tumour microenvironment and modulate tumour outcomes
Authors: Xiong Jiaqiang , Dong Lu , Lv Qiongying , Yin Yutong , Zhao Jiahui , Ke Youning , Wang Shixuan , Zhang Wei , Wu Meng
Published: September 2024

Tumour cell senescence can be induced by various factors, including DNA damage, inflammatory signals, genetic toxins, ionising radiation and nutrient metabolism. The senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), secreted by senescent tumour cells, possesses the capacity to modulate various immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, natural killer cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts within the tumour microenvironment (TME), and this modulation can result in either the promotion or suppression of tumorigenesis and progression. Exploring the impact of SASP on the TME could identify potential therapeutic targets, yet limited studies have dissected its functions. In this review, we delve into the causes and mechanisms of tumour cell senescence. We then concentrate on the influence of SASP on the tumour immune microenvironment, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix and the reprogramming of cancer stem cells, along with their associated tumour outcomes. Last, we present a comprehensive overview of the diverse array of senotherapeutics, highlighting their prospective advantages and challenge for the treatment of cancer patients.

Key points

Senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion from senescent tumour cells significantly impacts cancer progression and biology.

SASP is involved in regulating the remodelling of the tumour microenvironment, including immune microenvironment, vascular, extracellular matrix and cancer stem cells.

Senotherapeutics, such as senolytic, senomorphic, nanotherapy and senolytic vaccines, hold promise for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.
OMIP‐107: 8‐color whole blood immunophenotyping panel for the characterization and quantification of lymphocyte subsets and monocytes in swine
Authors: Arrigucci Riccardo , Patterson Abby , Dube Peter
Published: September 2024

We developed this whole blood immunophenotyping panel with the aim to monitor and quantify major lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ αβ T cells, γδ‐T cells, B and NK cells) and monocytes in pigs. The panel involved the use of commercially available reagents, avoiding secondary antibody staining or in‐house antibody conjugations, with the aim to make the assay accessible and reproducible across laboratories. The assay is accurate, robust and represents a useful tool for immune monitoring of swine in the pharmacology and toxicology fields, or to monitor the immune status in response to vaccination and diseases.
Electro‐coalescence of heterogeneous paired‐droplets under AC electric field
Authors: Tao Zhi , Fang Weidong , Li Haiwang , Yin Shuai , Xu Tiantong , Wong Teckneng , Huang Yi
Published: September 2024

Controllable droplet coalescence exhibits unique advantages and intriguing prospect in chemical synthesis and biological engineering. Current researches focusing on the droplets of the same physics are, however, limited in terms of the interaction between different reactants. In this work, the electro‐coalescence of heterogeneous paired‐droplets is investigated in a microfluidic chip controlled by an AC electric field. The characteristics of merging dynamics are analyzed under different electric conditions and fluid properties, and an on‐chip cross‐linking reaction is conducted to enable the instantaneous production of hydrogel microspheres. We find that the coalescence of heterogeneous paired‐droplets expands the range of start positions and prolongs the merging time compared to homogeneous paired‐droplets. The evolution process of interfaces is accelerated with the increasing voltage, which contributes to the mixing of diverse components. Different electrical conductivities lead to distinct internal mechanisms within droplets. The voltage across the droplet is reduced with the increasing conductivity, while the enhanced attraction between free charges plays a complimentary role in interface instability. Lowering the surface tension reduced the required electric conditions for coalescence. Endowed with the non‐Newtonian property, the droplet presents a non‐linear relationship in the coalescence region, triggering coalescence with filaments at low voltages and showcasing superior performance at high frequencies. Based on above findings, we successfully produce alginate hydrogel microspheres with a wide range of concentrations in high monodispersity, achieving a clean fabrication of pure hydrogel without any additives and no need for subsequent cleaning. These results reveal the electro‐hydrodynamics of heterogeneous paired‐droplets, promoting the development of droplet coalescence in chemical and material science.
Soil microbial influences over coexistence potential in multispecies plant communities in a subtropical forest
Authors: Wang Weitao , Wu Hangyu , Wu Tingting , Luo Zijing , Lin Wei , Liu Hanlun , Xiao Junli , Luo Wenqi , Li Yuanzhi , Wang Youshi , Song Chuliang , Kandlikar Gaurav , Chu Chengjin
Published: September 2024

Soil microbes have long been recognized to substantially affect the coexistence of pairwise plant species across terrestrial ecosystems. However, projecting their impacts on the coexistence of multispecies plant systems remains a pressing challenge. To address this challenge, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with 540 seedlings of five tree species in a subtropical forest in China and evaluated microbial effects on multispecies coexistence using the structural method, which quantifies how the structure of species interactions influences the likelihood for multiple species to persist. Specifically, we grew seedlings alone or with competitors in different microbial contexts and fitted individual biomass to a population dynamic model to calculate intra‐ and interspecific interaction strength with and without soil microbes. We then used these interaction structures to calculate two metrics of multispecies coexistence, structural niche differences (which promote coexistence) and structural fitness differences (which drive exclusion), for all possible communities comprising two to five plant species. We found that soil microbes generally increased both the structural niche and fitness differences across all communities, with a much stronger effect on structural fitness differences. A further examination of functional traits between plant species pairs found that trait differences are stronger predictors of structural niche differences than of structural fitness differences, and that soil microbes have the potential to change trait‐mediated plant interactions. Our findings underscore that soil microbes strongly influence the coexistence of multispecies plant systems, and also add to the experimental evidence that the influence is more on fitness differences rather than on niche differences.
Prognosis of early‐stage HFpEF in the community‐dwelling elderly: The Northern Shanghai Study
Authors: Meng Weilun , Yang Haotian , Ren Zhongyuan , Wu Jiawen , Zheng Yixing , Zhao Song , Xu Chong , Maimaitiaili Rusitanmujiang , Tang Jiamin , Yu Shikai , Xiong Jing , Chi Chen , Xu Yawei , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2024

Objective

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing concern among the elderly population, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to screen and investigate the characteristics and prognosis of early‐stage HFpEF in the elderly.

Methods

A total of 1789 community‐dwelling individuals aged over 65 from northern Shanghai were enrolled. According to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, participants were classified into four groups: HFpEF stage 0, HFpEF stage A, HFpEF stage B and HFpEF stage C. Major endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), all‐cause death and cardiovascular death.

Results

After a mean follow‐up period of 7.10 ± 1.27 years, 1623 elderly subjects were included [HFpEF stage 0 (10.3%), HFpEF stage A (16.3%), HFpEF stage B (60.6%) and HFpEF stage C (12.8%)]. Patients with HFpEF stage A, HFpEF stage B and HFpEF stage C exhibited more MACEs than those in HFpEF stage 0 (P < 0.01). Patients with HFpEF stage C had a significantly higher cardiovascular (P < 0.001) and all‐cause death ratio (P < 0.01). With HFpEF stage 0 as a reference, the increases in MACEs were significantly associated with HFpEF stage A [hazard ratio (HR): 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.13, 7.82), P < 0.05], HFpEF stage B [HR: 2.69, 95% CI (1.09, 6.64), P < 0.05] and HFpEF stage C [HR: 4.86, 95% CI (1.88, 12.59), P < 0.01] in the Cox regression analysis. Our finding remains unaltered in the sensitivity analysis, with no interaction for effectiveness.

Conclusions

Compared with those with HFpEF stage 0, patients with HFpEF, whether in stage B or C, exhibit significantly higher cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in the elderly. This study underscores the importance of early‐stage HFpEF screening, particularly in older, asymptomatic stage B individuals.
Understanding the variability in red cell and plasma volume combinations can help guide management in heart failure
Authors: Miller Wayne L. , Fudim Marat , Kittipibul Veraprapas , Yaranov Dmitry M. , Carry Brendan A. , Silver Marc A.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Quantitative methods have shown clinically significant heterogeneity in blood volume (BV) profiles across heart failure (HF) phenotypes. These profiles extend from hypovolaemia to normal BV and to variable degrees of BV hypervolaemia, frequently with similar clinical presentations. However, a comprehensive survey of BV profiles providing practical clinical guidance for the interpretation and management of quantitative plasma volume (PV) and red blood cell (RBC) mass findings has not been reported. The intent of this study is to advance this concept through a multicentre analysis.

Methods and results

A retrospective analysis of clinical and BV data was undertaken in stable NYHA class II–III HF patients (N = 546). BV was quantitated using established nuclear medicine indicator‐dilution methodology. Differing combinations of PV and RBC mass were identified contributing to marked heterogeneity in overall BV profiles. A quantitatively normal BV was identified in 32% of the cohort but of these only ~1/3 demonstrated a true normal BV (i.e., normal PV + normal RBC mass). The remaining portion of normal BV profiles reflected balanced combinations of compensatory PV expansion with RBC mass deficit (anaemia) (14% of cohort) and PV contraction with RBC mass excess (erythrocythemia) (6% of cohort). Main contributors to BV hypervolaemia were PV excess with a normal RBC mass (21% of cohort; 23% female) and PV excess with erythrocythemia (24% of cohort; 26% female). Hypovolaemia was predominately defined by RBC mass deficit with a normal PV (6% of cohort; 57% female) or RBC mass deficit with PV contraction (5% of cohort; 48% female).

Conclusions

Findings support the clinical relevance of identifying and accurately interpreting the varying combinations of PV and RBC mass in patients with chronic HF. This in turn helps guide appropriate individualized patient management strategies. A practical volume‐based guideline is provided in an effort to aid clinician interpretation.
Total Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of the O‐antigen from Proteus mirabilis OC (CCUG 10702) Serogroup O75: Stepwise and One‐Pot Approaches
Authors: Yadav Sunil K. , Yadav Somnath
Published: September 2024

Proteus mirabilis is a pathogenic Gram‐negative bacterium that causes several kinds of infections in human beings. Herein, we present the first total synthesis of the O‐antigen tetrasaccharide repeating unit of P. mirabilis OC (CCUG 10702) serogroup O75 with an aminoethyl linker appended at the reducing end. The tetrasaccharide comprising D‐glucosamine, L‐rhamnose, D‐galactose and D‐galactosamine with a key (1→4)‐α‐glycosidic linkage between D‐galactose and L‐rhamnose was assembled by three stepwise [1+1+1+1], [1+2+1] and [2+2] assembly approaches and one one‐pot [1+2+1] assembly. The respective routes provided the tetrasaccharide in yields of 23 %, 18 %, 20 %, and 26 % from suitably protected monosaccharide building blocks.
Controlled Ru (II) & Rh (III) Catalyzed [4+2] & [4+1] Carbo‐Annulations via C−H Activation Using Sulfoxonium Ylide and Maleimide: Facile Access to Fused Benzoisoindole & Spiroindanone
Authors: Vaggu Raju , Muraharikar Akhila , Bhargav Kumar Yenamareddy , Soujanya Yarasi , Grée René , Das Saibal
Published: September 2024

A well‐ordered strategy of sulfoxonium ylides as a directing group as well as carbene source for the Ru‐catalysed [4+2] and Rh‐catalysed [4+1] carbo‐annulations with maleimides has been described. These novel methodologies have been successfully established for the synthesis of complex spiroindanones and benzoisoindoles containing compounds by the transition metal‐mediated C−H activation/functionalization reactions. Further, Rh‐catalysed [4+1] annulated compounds were obtained in the absence of any oxidant. A possible rationale for the remarkable divergent selectivity between the two catalysts has been proposed.
Determination of Chromium(VI) with Screen‐Printed Ex‐Situ Bismuth Film Electrodes by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Triviño Juan José , Esteban Miquel , Diaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Serrano Núria , Alvarez‐Lueje Alejandro , Arancibia Verónica
Published: September 2024

This work presents a fast and sensitive method, with an ex–situ bismuth film screen‐printed carbon electrode (ex–situ Bi–SPCE), for the determination of Cr(VI) through adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using Pyrogallol Red (PGR) as complexing agent. The method is based on the oxidation of PGR by Cr(VI) and posterior complexation with Cr(III). To obtain a sensitive and selective method, the effects of various parameters such as pH, ligand concentration of PGR (CPGR), accumulation potential, and accumulation time (Eacc, tacc) were optimized. The optimal conditions using Bi–SPCE prepared ex–situ were pH 4.5 (0.01 mol L−1 acetic acid/acetate buffer), CPGR: 2.6 μmol L−1, Eacc: −0.70 V and tacc: 60 s. Peak current is proportional to Cr(VI) concentration over the range 0.23–12.0 μg L−1, with a 3σ detection limit of 0.97 μg L−1. The method was validated by determining Cr(VI) in tap water spiked with Cr(VI) and Cr(III).
Power analyses to inform Duplex Sequencing study designs for MutaMouse liver and bone marrow
Authors: Esina Elena , Dodge Annette E. , Williams Andrew , Schuster David M. , LeBlanc Danielle P. M. , Marchetti Francesco , Yauk Carole L.
Published: September 2024

Regulatory genetic toxicology testing is essential for identifying potentially mutagenic hazards. Duplex Sequencing (DS) is an error‐corrected next‐generation sequencing technology that provides substantial advantages for mutation analysis over conventional mutagenicity assays including: improved accuracy of mutation detection, ability to measure changes in mutation spectrum, and applicability across diverse biological models. To apply DS for regulatory toxicology testing, power analyses are required to determine suitable sample sizes and study designs. In this study, we explored study designs to achieve sufficient power for various effect sizes in chemical mutagenicity assessment. We collected data from MutaMouse bone marrow and liver samples that were analyzed by DS using TwinStrand's Mouse Mutagenesis Panel. Average duplex reads achieved in two separates studies on liver and bone marrow were 8.4 × 108 (± 7.4 × 107) and 9.5 × 108 (± 1.0 × 108), respectively. Baseline mean mutation frequencies (MF) were 4.6 × 10−8 (± 6.7 × 10−9) and 4.6 × 10−8 (± 1.1 × 10−8), with estimated standard deviations for the animal‐to‐animal random effect of 0.15 and 0.20, for liver and bone marrow, respectively. We conducted simulation analyses based on these empirically derived parameters. We found that a sample size of four animals per group is sufficient to obtain over 80% power to detect a two‐fold change in MF relative to baseline. In addition, we estimated the minimal total number of informative duplex bases sequenced with different sample sizes required to retain power for various effect sizes. Our work provides foundational data for establishing suitable study designs for mutagenicity testing using DS.
The effect of Myo‐inositol on improving sperm quality and IVF outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghaemi Marjan , Seighali Niloofar , Shafiee Arman , Beiky Maryam , Kohandel Gargari Omid , Azarboo Alireza , Shafti Vida , Jafarabady Kyana , Eshraghi Nasim , Haddadi Mohammad , Akbari Razieh , Panahi Zahra , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh
Published: September 2024

Myo‐inositol may be efficient to improve sperm parameters to increase the chance of fertility. Although, the data are controversial. This study aimed to assess the impact of Myo‐inositol supplements on semen quality and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The objective was to identify relevant human studies that investigated the effects of Myo‐inositol treatment on various sperm factors, such as sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, viable spermatozoa, spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation, and pregnancy rate. Additionally, the testosterone levels of patients with Oligo‐astheno‐teratozoospermia (OAT) after Myo‐inositol application were considered. The findings of 16 selected studies from 2240 citations indicated significant improvements in several parameters of sperm after Myo‐inositol administration. Myo‐inositol treatment was associated with a notable increase in total sperm motility (SMD 0.90; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.46; I2 = 0%, p = .001) and progressive sperm motility (SMD 1.48; 95% CI: 0.37 to 2.59; I2  = 0%, p = .008). Additionally, there was a significant improvement in testosterone levels (SMD 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.73; I2  = 0%, p < .0001). Furthermore, Myo‐inositol therapy demonstrated a significant decrease in spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation (SMD −1.37; 95% CI: −2.43 to −0.32; I2  = 85%, p = .01). This study suggests that Myo‐inositol therapy has a positive impact on specific sperm parameters, such as total and progressive sperm motility, along with testosterone levels. These findings provide support for the potential benefits of Myo‐inositol in improving male fertility parameters related to sperm factors.
Factors influencing intentions to transition to plant‐based protein diets: Canadian perspective
Authors: Abebe Gumataw Kifle , Ismail Mariam R. , Kevany Kathleen , Haileslassie Hiwot Abebe , Young Liam , Pauley Treasa
Published: September 2024

There is a pressing need for healthy diets guided by environmental and nutritional targets. Plant‐based proteins have emerged as a recent and rapidly growing trend in response to the challenge of sustainable and healthy food systems. While plant‐based protein foods are widely promoted as sustainable alternatives, shifting beliefs and attitudes about conventional protein sources present an ongoing challenge. The study examined Canadians' intentions to transition to plant‐based protein diets, partially or entirely. A nationally representative survey was conducted among Canadian consumers to achieve our research objective. The survey was administered online using the Qualtrics platform by a market research firm and yielded valid responses from over 1800 participants. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs—attitudes, self‐efficacy, and perceived availability—explained only 12% of the variation in intentions toward plant‐based protein foods, while sustainability and ethical concerns accounted for 10% of the variation in dietary patterns. Meat attachment negatively impacted changes in dietary patterns, explaining 11% of the intention variation. Additionally, individual past behavior accounted for 7% of intentions toward plant‐based proteins. Demographic factors, such as gender and education, strongly and positively predicted purchase intentions, while contextual factors, such as residing in rural neighborhoods and being from Atlantic Canada, showed a strong negative association with intentions toward plant‐based protein diets. The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of individuals' intentions toward plant‐based protein diets and emphasize the significance of considering cognitive, social, emotional, and past behavioral factors, alongside sustainability values and messaging, to transition to a more plant‐based protein diet. This approach should carefully balance individuals' emotional connection and the perception of meat as essential to their meals. Also, targeting interventions based on demographic characteristics, specifically gender, education, and residential neighborhood, can enhance changes in dietary protein sources. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on consumer behavior and sustainable diets, guiding future research and policies informing the design of effective interventions to promote plant‐based protein consumption and dietary changes.