bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small cell variant of osteosarcoma of the patella: A rare case report with review of literature
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Patel Brij Mohan
Published: April 2024

Patella is an uncommon site for the occurrence of bone tumor. Benign tumors are more common as compared to malignant ones. Osteosarcoma of the patella is a very rare tumor with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here, we present a rare case of a small-cell variant of osteosarcoma of the patella. A 12-year-old boy presented to us with pain and swelling over his left knee for 6 months. On X-ray, expansion with osteosclerotic and osteolytic lesions was found in the patella and a suspected diagnosis of osteosarcoma was made. The patient was managed by excisional biopsy of the patella and V–Y plasty of the quadriceps tendon. Results of histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyses were consistent with osteosarcoma of small cell variant. The patient was referred to a higher center after the operation for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. On the final follow-up, after 1 year, the patient was found to have expired. Osteosarcoma of the patella is a rare condition. Further studies with a number of cases and longer duration of follow-up are warranted to obtain better insight that can aid in devising management protocol, prediction of survival, and functional outcome of different surgical interventions for these patients.
Herringbone stitch technique versus interrupted suturing technique for rectus closure in emergency laparotomy: A comparative study
Authors: Arvind Kumar Shukla  , Avinash Gautam  , Saranshi Shrivastava  , Sagar Arora  , Ramendra Singh  , Rishi Kumar Athya  , Rijul Marwah
Published: April 2024

Background: Midline laparotomy incisions provide easy and rapid access to the peritoneal cavity in case of emergency surgery and effective closure of the abdominal wall is crucial for optimal healing and reduced complications. Secure abdominal wall closure after any laparotomy is every surgeon’s aim.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to choose the better method of rectus closure by comparing the herringbone stitch technique with the interrupted suturing technique for rectus closure in emergency laparotomy.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients who underwent midline emergency laparotomy at MGM Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, between January 2023 and April 2023 were included in our study. In 25 patients (Group A) herringbone stitch technique was used whereas in the other 25 patients (Group B) interrupted suturing technique for rectus closure was used and they were assessed based on the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), superficial wound dehiscence, fascial dehiscence, and incidence of incisional hernia.
Results: The incidence of SSI was comparable in both groups but the incidence of superficial wound dehiscence, fascial dehiscence, and incisional hernia is less in Group A.
Conclusion: The herringbone stitch technique is better as compared to the interrupted suturing technique for rectus closure in emergency laparotomy.
Isolated Gastric Perforation following Blunt Trauma Abdomen not to be Missed: A Case Series
Authors: Verma Surender , Bansal Anand Rai , Verma Anjali , Garg Pradeep , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Goel Shubham
Published: April 2024

Abdominal trauma is a commonly encountered emergency which may be because of roadside accidents, assaults, or falls from height. Blunt injury to the abdomen is far more common than penetrating injury. Gastric perforation commonly occurs following penetrating abdominal trauma. However, gastric rupture is an uncommon entity following blunt trauma abdomen (BTA). Here, we are presenting three cases of isolated gastric perforation after BTA, two were due to a roadside accident, and one was a result of a fall from height. History suggests of a full stomach is usually found in traumatic gastric rupture. This condition usually presents with insignificant clinical or radiological signs. Isolated gastric rupture due to trauma is rare as it is usually associated with other injuries such as splenic and liver injuries. Early suspicion plays an important role in diagnosing this entity which carries higher morbidity and mortality if not managed timely. As isolated gastric perforation because of trauma leads to high morbidity and mortality, hence thorough lavage of the peritoneal cavity followed by double-layer closure after adequate debridement will reduce chances of intraperitoneal contamination thus improving outcome. Presentation after the last meal, the severity of gastric rupture, and other associated injuries play an important role in the prognosis of the patient.
Concordance between conventional cytology and cell block of suspected malignant pleural effusion: A record-based study in a tertiary care center of eastern India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Abhishek , Ghosh Sengupta Soumita , Raychaudhuri Gargi , Taraphdar Soaham , Chakraborti Srabani
Published: April 2024

Background: Cytological study of pleural fluid helps establishing the underlying cause of pleural effusion. It is considered the most important tool in diagnosing malignancy in effusions. However, accurate identification of cellular morphology can be a problem in conventional cytology. Cell block preparation from pleural effusion aids in this diagnosis due to the preservation of tissue architecture, and multiple sections can be obtained for further studies.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the diagnostic results of conventional cytology and cell block studies of suspected malignant pleural effusions and find out the diagnostic agreement or concordance between the two methods.
Materials and Methods: A record-based study was conducted at the Department of Pathology on conventional cytology and cell block study reports of 150 suspected malignant pleural effusion cases over 35 months. The diagnoses were expressed in five categories – non-diagnostic, negative for malignancy, atypia of undetermined significance, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. χ2 test was used to identify the percentage of malignancy reported. Agreement of both methods was assessed through Kappa statistics.
Results: About 4.67% of cases were reported as malignant by conventional cytology, whereas cell block study diagnosed malignancy in 19.33% of cases. Relative diagnostic agreement between the two methods was 0.73 and concordance by Cohen’s Kappa was 0.34, which signifies fair concordance.
Conclusion: Cell block study, though having a fair concordance, is much superior to conventional cytology smears in detecting malignant cells and diagnosing a pleural effusion as malignant.
Twinning Involving Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Bhagwat Swaroop , Upadhyay Manisha
Published: April 2024

Developmental anomalies in the hard tissue are seen frequently in dental practice. Gemination and fusion are the most commonly encountered anomalies, and distinction between the two is always difficult. Gemination, also known as double tooth, is an anomaly exhibiting two joined crowns and usually a single root. It represents an incomplete attempt of a single tooth germ to split. It is considered multifactorial in etiology, with genetic and environmental causes. This paper discusses a rare example of bilateral gemination (prevalence 0.04%) of maxillary central incisors with completely separated roots. Multidisciplinary care ensured a successful esthetic and functional outcome.
Overview of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Traumatic Cervical Spinal Injury in Trauma Center of Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Nabin , Neupane Aastha , Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Hamal Pawan Kumar , Dhungana Siddhartha , Subedi Anukul
Published: April 2024

Background Cervical spine, crucial for nerve innervation and head and neck motion, is vulnerable to injury due to its over-reliance on ligaments. This study examines the increasing incidence of traumatic spinal cord injuries, particularly in fall and traffic accidents, with respiratory complications being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with VAP being a significant complication. MethodsA retrospective cross-section study involving 52 patient data, using self-prepared proforma. The patient’s age, sex, injury severity, and CPIS score were used to determine VAP.ResultsThe study involved 52 patients with a mean age of 50.96. Of these, 67.3% were male and 11.5% female, with 45-60 years being the most common age group. The most severe spinal injury patients, i.e., ASIA A Neurology, developed VAP. Patients with prolonged ICU stay and intubation days also developed VAP, but no statistical significance was seen (P-value: 0.3941 and 0.4751). Mortality had a significant association with VAP (P-value: 0.023). Acinetobacter Baumann was the most common microorganism causing VAP, while Staphylococcus aureus was the least common. The most sensitive antibiotics for isolated organisms were Polymyxin B, Amikacin, Colistin, and Levofloxacin.Conclusions The study found a high prevalence of ventilator association pneumonia (VAP) in cervical spine fracture patients, with mortality associated with the most common organism being Acinetobacter, sensitivity to Polymyxin b. Further monitoring and implementation of VAP prevention strategies are recommended.
Impact of Academic Stress on Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Nursing Students of Kathmandu District
Authors: Niraula Sophee , Baral Kushalata
Published: April 2024

Background Depression, anxiety and stress are treatable conditions. However, a vast majority of people avoid seeking professional help. Interventions aiming to improve help-seeking attitudes among affected individuals, particularly within academic settings, often demonstrate limited efficacy. This study explores the relationship between academic stress and help-seeking attitudes among nursing students.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 nursing students in Kathmandu district using simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21) and additional survey questions. Statistical analysis employed chi-square tests to explore relationships between variables.ResultsFindings indicated that 14% of respondents had mild depression, 30% moderate depression, and 8.7% severe depression. Similarly, levels of anxiety and stress were observed, with significant associations between depression and stress related to academics (p-value 0.002). Help-seeking preferences revealed that students were more inclined to seek support from friends or intimate partners.Conclusions This study highlights the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among nursing students with notable associations to their academia. Importantly, the findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions to address mental health concerns and foster proactive help-seeking attitudes among students. Further research and targeted strategies are warranted to enhance the effectiveness of interventions in this context.
Appendicular Perforation in Pregnancy
Authors: Neupane Rashik , Shrestha Buddhi Kumar , Baniya Chhetri Puja , Baral Kamal Raj , Joshi Jyotsna , Belbase Narayan Prasad
Published: April 2024

In this case study, a third-trimester primigravida faced the rare challenge of a perforated appendix followed by successful perinatal outcome. Despite inconclusive imaging results from ultrasound and MRI, clinical progression guided the diagnosis. Timely intervention via emergency laparotomy, involving obstetric and gastro-surgical teams, averted further complications, ensuring a favorable outcome for both mother and baby. The complexities of diagnosing appendicitis during pregnancy, particularly when perforated, were emphasized. This instance underscored the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary approach, meticulous surgical planning, and attentive postoperative care, showcasing how prompt intervention and holistic management are paramount in navigating such intricate scenarios during pregnancy.
Choosing Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Versus Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Proximal Ureteric Stones
Authors: Shah Rajiv , Adhikari Deepak , Kandel Tika Devi , Pandey Sujan , Adhikari Kapil
Published: April 2024

Background Proximal ureteric stone is one of the common presentations in renal stones disease. Safety, efficacy and stone free rate of retrograde intrarenal surgery and mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy are controversial. Thus, we aim to compare the efficacy, safety and stone free rates of two procedures.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study including 60 cases divided into group A (Retrograde-intrarenal Surgery) and Group B (Mini-Percutaneous Surgery) between September 2022 to August 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional review Committee (Reference number: CMC-IRC/079/080-100). Convenience sampling was done.ResultsThe mean age in group A was 43.83 ± 16.92 years and in group B was 46.33 ± 15.78 years with no significant p value (p = 0.112). Post operative haemoglobin changes in group A was 0.266 ± 0.279 gram% and in group B was 1.493 ±0.360 gram% with significant P value of 0.001. Similarly the duration of operation in Group A was 42.43± 13.783 minutes and in group B was 36.30 ± 7.173 minutes with significant P value 0.035. However the stone free rate was higher in group B than Group A without significant P value of 0.064. Both of the groups have minor post operative complication of fever and mild haeamaturia.Conclusions The stones clearance rate of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy is better than retrograde intrarenal surgery and the safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery is higher than of mini percutaneous surgery.
Morphometric Measurements of Root Anatomic Areas of Maxillary First Premolar Teeth in a Representative Nepalese Population
Authors: Pandey Nashib , Koju Sushmit , Bhattarai Rosina , Jha Kanistika , Shakya Merina , Roy Prabash , Chaulagain Rajib
Published: April 2024

Background The prognosis of furcation involved maxillary first premolar is typically guarded to poor. The presence of concavities in the root trunk and the positioning of the roots in the buccal and palatal regions of the teeth are responsible for its challenges during instrumentation and control plaque. We aimed to access the presence of concavities on the root surface as well as morphometric measurement of the root trunk dimensions in the maxillary first premolar teeth in Nepalese population.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, College of Medical Sciences (CoMS). Extracted Maxillary first premolar teeth were evaluated for the number of roots, morphometric measurement of the root trunk, root divergence, and root length. The presence of concavities was recorded on the mesial and distal root surface at cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the root.ResultsThe overall mean root trunk length was less on the mesial aspect than on the distal aspect (6.39 ± 2.54 and 8.08 ± 3.48 respectively). The prevalence of root surface concavity on the cervical third at the mesial aspect (90 %) was found to be higher than in the distal aspect (15%) Conclusions Owing to the higher prevalence of root surface concavity on the cervical third of mesial aspect, use of mini-bladed curettes is recommended for the effective root surface debridement of the periodontally involved maxillary first premolar tooth. Patients with periodontally involved maxillary first premolar should be advised to use interdental brushes rather than dental floss.
Relationship between Serum Ferritin and Thyroid Hormones: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dhakal Sarita , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: April 2024

Abstract

 Background: Thyroid gland is one of the major endocrine gland, which plays a key role in growth, differentiation, development, and maintenance of body homeostasis. Trace elements like iron, selenium, iodine and zinc are needed for the normal functioning of the thyroid glands.  So, deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid functions.

Objectives:  The objective of our study was to assess the relationship between serum ferritin and thyroid hormones.

 

 

 Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry of College of Medical Sciences in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal, from 1st June, 2023 to 1st   December 2023. The patient visiting to medicine OPD were included and patients with confirmed case of thyroid disorder and iron deficiency anemia were excluded from the study.

 

 Conclusion:  In our study there was statistically significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism.  So,  Ferritin level should be assessed in hypothyroid subjects.

 

 Keywords: Serum Ferritin,  Thyroid hormones, Hypothyroidism,
Prevalence and Epidemiological Profile of Medico-legal Cases of Suicidal Autopsy at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kaschev , Upreti Arish , Gurung Praful , Shah Dhiraj , Shrestha Natasha , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: April 2024

Background A medico-legal case (MLC) arises from an unnatural incident causing physical harm, necessitating intervention and legal resolution. MLCs integrate medical and legal aspects, requiring both a physician's assessment and an investigation by law enforcement, often involving autopsy. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence and epidemiological profile of medico-legal autopsy cases of suicide at a tertiary care hospital of central Nepal.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal, between December, 2023 and February, 2024 on suicidal autopsy cases. Suicidal autopsy data of last three years (from 2077/78 to 2079/80) were collected from the Bharatpur hospital's autopsy record file. Descriptive statistical tools were used for data analysis. For, categorical variables frequency and percentage were calculated while mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-20. ResultsThe prevalence of Medico-legal cases of suicidal autopsy in Chitwan district in last three year is 29.16% (with 95% CI as 27.23% to 31.16%). The trend of suicidal autopsy in last three year is in increasing trend in this area. Majority (21.86%) of suicidal cases were in the age group 46-60 years. Male (64.11%) cases dominated female cases in Suicidal autopsy. Majority (34.42%) of suicidal attempt was at 6-12:00 noon and the most common method of suicidal attempt cases were by hanging (81.57%). Most of the case were in Monday and in occurred in Ashoj. Conclusions The trend of suicidal autopsy in the last three year is in increasing trend in central Nepal. Among the total autopsy cases, prevalence of suicidal autopsy is one third. The burden of suicidal cases is significantly high among male
Upaya Peningkatan Volume Penjualan UKM Kampung Lumpia Ngaglik Gang Kuburan Surabaya di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Arief Zainal , Herlina Herlina
Published: April 2024

Kampung lumpia, located on Jalan Ngaglik, Surabaya graveyard, is a home industry (IRT) managed by Mr. Kasmono as the owner. This business was initiated in 2009. The number of employees employed on the production floor is 4 people, and 3 employees to sell spring rolls in groups. The problem for SMEs is that minimal capital makes the owner not replace the pans and stoves for making spring roll skins and frying spring rolls. The frying pan and stove have been used for 10 years since this business was founded so that it is black and charred and the addition of 1 new rombong unit to increase market share in other sales locations. In terms of marketing, it is still done offline using a group, the owner wants to try marketing online, for example advertising to receive orders on online social media. In terms of selling price, the spring rolls and risoles that are produced are sold at a price of Rp. 1,500.00 per seed. The owner does not know the bookkeeping and calculation of the cost of production for the spring rolls and risoles that he sells, so training on the calculation of the cost of production is necessary.
Penerapan TTG Kolam Ikan Nila dengan Pengontrol Suhu dan PH Air Secara Otomatis di Kolam Terpal di Desa Tebel Kecamatan Gedangan Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Setyadjit Kukuh , Harijanto Setijanen Djoko , Ridho'i Ahmad , Hariadi Balok , Yuwono Istantyo
Published: April 2024

Karena meningkatnya permintaan konsumsi ikan nila, masyarakat Indonesia sangat membutuhkan perusahaan peternakan. Saat membudidayakan nila, perhatian harus diberikan pada kualitas air (pH, suhu, kekeruhan air, salinitas dan oksigen terlarut (DO)) dan pemberian pakan buatan secara statis. Ini menciptakan kolam ikan yang mengontrol kualitas air berdasarkan pH, suhu, dan kekeruhan air, dan secara otomatis memberi makan berdasarkan waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan sensor pH untuk mendeteksi nilai pH, sensor suhu untuk mengukur nilai suhu, sensor kekeruhan untuk mengukur nilai NTU (NepHelometric Turbidity Unit), sensor ultrasonik untuk mengukur ketinggian air pada kolam ikan, dan motor servo sebagai penggerak makan otomatis. Memperhatikan hasil kerja seluruh alat dalam mendapatkan hasil kontrol pada kolam ikan yang bekerja secara berurutan, pembacaan sensor pH memberikan pembacaan nilai benar 97,5%, sensor kekeruhan memberikan pembacaan nilai sebenarnya 83,39%, nilai sebenarnya yang diberikan ultrasound adalah 99,46 %. Berdasarkan data yang diterima, alat dapat berfungsi dengan baik, sesuai dengan desain yang dibuat. Menurut hasil penelitian ini pengabdian kepada masyarakat dapat diterapkan, khususnya petani ikan nila tanpa perkebunan besar dapat menggunakan ember terpal yang relatif kecil untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat.
Pendampingan Anak-Anak dengan Program Sinau Bareng di Desa Pranti, Sedati, Sidoarjo
Authors: Titisari Manik Ayu , Hariyono Amanda , Sholichah Siti Aminatus , Indraswara Windu Tri
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan KKN (Kuliah Kerja Nyata) yang diadakan oleh Universitas selain pendidikan dan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mahasiswa dapat mengabdi dan menjalankan tugas kemasyarakatan serta menambah wawasan tentang kehidupan sosial. Dengan dilaksanakannya pengabdian ini di Desa Pranti dengan program “Sinau Bareng” yang menyesuaikan sasaran pada anak-anak SD/Mi kelas 1 hingga 6, diharapkan dapat membawa relasi antara perguruan tinggi dan masyarakat sekitarnya. Pada proses pengabdian ini, permasalahan pendidikan menjadi sasaran utama. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas, maka proses pengembangan kelompok belajar perlu melibatkan orang tua untuk mendorong anak anaknya agar memahami materi yang diajarkan disekolah. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini berupa pendampingan dan diskusi. Tentunya dengan model diskusi dalam konteks pengetahuan teori, sedangkan pendampingan dilakukan dalam bentuk aksi nyata pengabdian. Selain itu, diberikan berbagai model permainan guna mengemas upaya pelibatan mahasiswa KKN dengan cara yang menyenangkan.Hasil dalam pengabdian ini berupa capaian proses pelaksanan kegiatan selama satu bulan penuh sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas pengembangan kelompok belajar yang melibatkan berbagai pihak. Kata Kunci : Pendidikan; Sinau Bareng; Pendampingan anak.
Pengembangan Produk UMKM Berkualitas dan Tersertifikasi Halal
Authors: Istiqomah Silvi , Putra Perdana Suteja , Anuarita Betsyeda Frea , Nurhalissa Rahmalia , Luthfiansyah Said Aziz
Published: April 2024

Dalam kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia umumnya terdapat karakteristik konsumen yang menginginkan sesuatu yang memuaskan dan murah. Mie adalah salah satu makanan yang mudah ditemukan di mana saja. Mie merupakan salah satu makanan pengganti karbohidrat yang paling populer bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam perkembangannya, mie ayam merupakan salah satu olahan mie yang banyak disukai masyarakat. Bakmi ayam memiliki ciri khas tersendiri di setiap daerah dan standnya. Misalnya mie ayam wonogiri biasanya memiliki gerbong berwarna coklat, sedangkan mie ayam traveller biasanya memiliki gerbong berwarna biru. Perdebatan tentang mie ayam yang sering diadakan adalah masalah selera. Ada pengelompokan mie ayam dengan rasa manis, gurih, kari dan manis gurih. Masing-masing rasa ini memiliki penggemarnya. GMG Mie Ayam adalah salah satu produsen mie dalam jumlah besar dan menjadi salah satu pemasok mie untuk beberapa mie ayam. Oleh karena itu, UMKM harus memahami alur rantai pasok dan syarat kehalalan produk yang dikonsumsi konsumen. Tujuan dari kegiatan sosial ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pendampingan kepada UMKM dalam pengurusan sertifikat Jaminan Halal. Metode kegiatan ini meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi data UMKM terpilih. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan secara online dan offline.
Implementasi Teknologi Solar cell dan Teknologi Photocell Sebagai Upaya Penerangan Lampu Jalan di Perumahan Makmur Kelurahan Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Irtawaty Andi Sri , Ulfah Maria , Armin Armin
Published: April 2024

Penerangan lampu jalan merupakan fasilitas utama jalam yang berperan penting dalam  menerangi jalan sekitarnya di waktu malam hari sehingga memberikan kenyamanan  bagi masyarakat terutama pejalan kaki yang beraktivitas di malam hari. Berdasarkan survey lapangan dan pengamatan, masjid Tuanku Tunggang Parangan yang terletak di Rt.67 di Kelurahan Sepinggan Kota Balikpapan belum memiliki fasilitas penerangan jalan yang memadai. Untuk aktivitas pengajian dan sholat yang dilakukan saat malam hari, masyarakat menggunakan senter atau cahaya handphone menuju masjid. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut telah terpasang 1 unit Penerangan Lampu Tenaga Surya Berbasis Teknologi. Sensor Cahaya Dan Arduino. Komponen-komponen utamanya meliputi panel surya 20 wp, solar charge controller (scc) 10 mpere, aki VRLA 7 Ah, lampu DC 9 volt, photocell, kabel NYM  2 x 0.75 mm dan kabel NYM 2 x 1,5 mm. Sedangkan komponen pendukungnya berua tiang listrik, boks panel outdoor, isolasi listrik dan kabel ties. Hasil pengujian selama 1 minggu, 4 hari lampu penerangan tersebut dapat menyala mulai malam jam 18.30 sampai jam 06.30 pagi (12 jam) yaitu saat kondisi cerah (matahari terik. Namun ada 2 hari kondisi cuaca mendung, sehingga aki hanya mampu menyalakan lampu selama 6 jam. Di hari ketujuh pengujian. Kondisi hujan sepanjang hari, sehingga aki tidak tercharge, tetapi masih ada sisa daya aki yang mampu menyalakan lampu selama 3 jam.  Berarti hasil pengujian 100% berhasil sempurna, sesuai teoritisnya.
Strategi Peningkatan Produktivitas Dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Desa Wonosari, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Deras Stefanus , Tarsisia Luju Maria
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal serta strategi yang dapat ditempuh dalam perbaikan produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Desa Wonosari. Penentuan sampel ditetapkan secara purposive terhadap pengurus dan anggota dari tiga kelompok tani yang diteliti. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SWOT Analysis.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor internal yang menjadi kekuatan petani terdiri dari : motivasi petani, pengalaman petani, tingkat adopsi teknologi dan modal. Kelemahan pada petani terdiri dari:  penggunaan pupuk, luas lahan dan dukungan kelompok tani. Faktor eksternal yang menjadi peluang me-liputi: ketersediaan kredit, bibit dan pupuk, bantuan sarana produksi dan dukung-an pemerintah. Faktor ekternal berupa ancaman yang dihadapi petani terdiri dari : curah hujan, tenaga kerja luar keluarga dan serangan hama dan penyakit. Strategi yang diusahakan petani yaitu memanfaatkan motivasi petani dengan adanya ketersediaan kredit;. memanfaatkan ketersediaan modal dengan ketersediaan bibit dan pupuk dan ketersediaan bantuan sarana produksi dan melakukan penerapan teknologi dengan adanya dukungan pemerintah.

 

Kata Kunci: produktivitas, pendapatan, faktor internal, faktor eksternal, starategi
Pendampingan Digital Entrepreneurship Melalui Incubation Process Pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas IIA Kota Medan
Authors: Andriansyah Dedi , Nainggolan Erlin , Sadewo Bayu , Purba Elvirida Lady Angel , Saragi Suci Meiken , Ananda Reyvanza Adliva
Published: April 2024

The Women's Correctional Institution Class IIA Medan City is one of the prisons that carries out the debriefing process during the rehabilitation stage for its prisoners. Various coaching activities help prisoners improve their skills to become more independent and have the skills to face a new life. Based on the hearing with partners regarding the problems faced by the Prisoners of Correction (WBP) Class IIA Medan Women's Prison. Then the solution to the problem is the need for a program that can increase the knowledge and skills of digital business for WBP in developing their abilities and developing products of Class IIA Medan Women's Prison. Therefore, a digital entrepreneurship mentoring program was created through an incubation process approach for WBP of Class IIA Medan Women's Prison as an effort to improve the future quality of life of former WBP with the ability to do digital business. The service activities were carried out from July to September 2023. At the end of the service, it was found that (1) the knowledge of WBP about Digital Business (Cognitive) increased by 90%, the enthusiasm for Digital Business (Affective) increased by 97%, and Digital Business Skills (Psychomotor) increased by 94%.
Relief Aksara Bali (Reaksi) Berbantuan Suara untuk Pemberdayaan Anak Tunanetra dalam Literasi Aksara Bali di SLB Negeri 1 Tabanan
Authors: Sudiartini Ni Pande Kadek Dewi , Utami Ni Kadek Trisna Putri , Widianita Ni Kadek Feby , Wulandari Ni Kadek Ayu Gita , Widianingsih Desak Made Dian , Sujana I Wayan
Published: April 2024

The difficulty of teachers at SLB Negeri 1 Tabanan in teaching reading and writing Balinese script literacy to blind children has resulted in the low Balinese literacy skills of blind children at that school. To maximize learning of Balinese script, it is necessary to use learning media that suits the characteristics of blind children. This program aims to improve the ability of teachers to teach Balinese script using voice-assisted Balinese Script Relief (Reaksi) media so that it can increase Balinese script literacy and foster a competitive spirit in blind children. The method for implementing this activity consists of preparation, implementation (training and mentoring for 20 times), and evaluation. Evaluation data collection was carried out using observation and questionnaire methods. The result of the program is that there is an increase in teachers' ability to teach Balinese script using voice-assisted Reaksi media to blind children, from initially quite good to very good. Apart from that, there has been an increase in the learning outcomes of blind children who were initially less than good. It can be concluded that through the training program, the use of voice-assisted Reaksi can improve teachers' abilities in teaching Balinese script so that the reading and writing literacy of Balinese script for blind children also increases.
Eksistensi Penyelesaian Sengketa UMKM Secara Non Litigasi di Desa Bandar Labuhan
Authors: Meher Montayana , Ramadhan M. Citra , Suharyanto Agung , Silviana Dini , Ardhana Salsa Novia , Putri Ade
Published: April 2024

This community service aims to enhance the understanding of the community in Bandar Labuhan Village regarding the non-litigation resolution of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The implementation method involves counseling activities covering the understanding of rights and obligations in the context of MSMEs, along with non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results reflect a positive impact, including increased legal awareness and active community participation. However, challenges and disagreements in implementing these mechanisms are also indicated. The discussion includes an analysis of success and potential obstacles. Acknowledging challenges as natural hurdles, suggestions for advanced approaches such as mentoring or additional training are proposed. The evaluation results provide profound insights for developing future community service programs, emphasizing material adjustments and a more focused approach. In conclusion, this community service affirms the success of increasing community understanding through counseling activities, but the challenges require a sustainable approach. Future program development is expected to be more effective in responding to community needs and contextual changes regarding the non-litigation resolution of MSME disputes.
Mengenyahkan Sampah Plastik Benalu dengan Ekobrik
Authors: Zuska Fikarwin , Naria Evi , Zulfendri Zulfendri
Published: April 2024

Household plastic packaging waste, which we refer to as 'parasitic plastic' due to its perceived lack of usefulness for business, is generally disposed of by household members without processing. The quantity of this waste throughout Indonesia is very large and continues to increase, in line with household consumption growth. If this parasitic plastic waste continues to be left untreated, it will have long-term impacts on ecology and health; in the short term, it will affect cleanliness and the aesthetics of residential environments. The creation of incentive-based eco-bricks, by stuffing plastic packaging waste into 600 ml bottles weighing around 200 grams, and providing incentives of IDR 3,000 - 5,000 per bottle to participating communities. Additionally, the formation of organized ecobrick groups is a solution that can reduce daily plastic waste from households and decrease the scattered plastic waste that damages environmental aesthetics, cleanliness, and sustainability. Through participatory action methods, it was found that those involved in the creation of incentive-based eco-bricks tend to be predominantly women (housewives) and children from low-income families. Women involved in this activity (in terms of age) generally move slowly but consistently.
An analysis of Students’ Motivation to Speak through Information Gap Task Activities
Authors: Santri Sulfi
Published: April 2024

This qualitative research aims to determine the extent to which students are motivated to speak through information gap activities in English classroom at one of high schools in Kota Kendari. This research was conducted in three meetings consisting of two meetings with activity stages including: planning, implementing the action, observing (observing), and reflecting. The data was gathered using field observation sheets and student reflection sheets. The research findings reveal that the information gap activity can motivate students to speak in English class. Students look enjoy, happy, and enthusiastic in the classroom. Students are motivated to speak when they are assigned information gap activities in pairs or groups. The activities give them more opportunities to practice speaking by exchanging certain information to other friends. Students are encouraged to communicate and collaborate with their partners in completing the tasks.
The Effect of Simvastatin on Thyroid Function in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Induced in Rats
Authors: Mohammed Yaqeen Talib , Hameed Mohameed Nadia , Samih Arif Inaam
Published: April 2024

Autoimmune thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT): is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. is characterized by marked lymphocytic infiltration and the presence of serum autoantibodies against Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Thyroglobulin (TG). HT is a prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in areas of the world where dietary iodine is sufficient. Genetic predisposition and cellular and humoral immunity play a role in thyroid autoimmune pathogenesis. Antithyroid antibodies are produced by interaction between APC, T cells, and B cells to fix complement. Thyroid tissue is more severely damaged by complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Statins, the powerful inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase have pleotropic effects including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this current study, Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced in twenty-four female Wistar rat. Simvastatin was given at a dose of 4mg/kg for 30 days. Thyroid autoantibodies and Thyroid hormones were measured by ELISA technique Results showed that Simvastatin reduced autoantibodies against TPO and TG. It also lowered serum level of TSH and increased serum level of T4. Due to the undesirable side effects associated with the current treatment options used in Autoimmune thyroiditis. Simvastatin might be a promising approach in the treatment of this disease.
Demineralization effects of breast milk, formula milk and cow’s milk on the primary teeth. A study of SEM-EDX analysis
Authors: Ertuğrul Ceylan Çağıl
Published: April 2024

Purpose: It was aimed to investigate demineralization effects of breast milk, formula milk and cow's milk on deciduous teeth with SEM-EDX analysis.

Materials and methods: Demineralization effects of breast milk (Group-1), 3 different formula milks: Aptamil Pronutra-3 (Group-2), Hipp Organic-3 (Group-3), SmA Optipro-2 (Group-4) and cow's milk (Group-5) on newly extracted caries-free primary incisors were investigated on 5 teeth in each group. Each tooth was split in the sagittal direction from the midline and embedded in 2 separate acrylic blocks with their labial surfaces exposed. Half of the teeth was exposed to the milk material for 15 minutes, 4 times a day for 5 days, while the other half was kept in artificial saliva only. After the exposures, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the labial surfaces were taken and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analyzes were performed. For the statistical analysis Independent-Samples T test, Man Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used.

Results: The most increased enamel porosity was seen in Group-2. A significant decrease was observed in the amount of Ca on tooth surfaces exposed to breast milk and formula milks, and a significant increase in the amount of both Ca and P after exposure to cow's milk (p=0.009). The decrease observed in the amount of Ca after exposure to breast milk was significantly higher than that of formula milks (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Formula milk and breast milk are not innocent in terms of causing demineralization, therefore awareness of parents and dentists on this issue should be increased.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Nova Scotia blood donors
Authors: O’Brien Sheila F , Deeks Shelley L , Hatchette Todd , Pambrun Chantale , Drews Steven J
Published: April 2024

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitors cumulative infection rates irrespective of case testing protocols. We aimed to describe Nova Scotia blood donor seroprevalence in relation to public health policy and reported data over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020 to August 2022).

Methods:

Monthly random Nova Scotia blood donation samples (24,258 in total) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid) from May 2020 to August 2022, and vaccination antibodies (anti-spike) from January 2021 to August 2022. Multivariable logistic regression for infection antibodies and vaccination antibodies separately with month, age, sex, and racialization identified independent predictors. The provincial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive case rate over the pandemic was calculated from publicly available data.

Results:

Anti-N seroprevalence was 3.8% in January 2022, increasing to 50.8% in August 2022. The general population COVID-19 case rate was 3.5% in January 2022, increasing to 12.5% in August 2022. The percentage of NAAT-positive samples in public health laboratories increased from 1% in November 2021 to a peak of 30.7% in April 2022 with decreasing numbers of tests performed. Higher proportions of younger donors as well as Black, Indigenous, and racialized blood donors were more likely to have infection antibodies ( p < 0.01). Vaccination antibodies increased to 100% over 2021, initially in older donors (60+ years), and followed by progressively younger age groups.

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were relatively low in Nova Scotia until the more contagious Omicron variant dominated, after which about half of Nova Scotia donors had been infected despite most adults being vaccinated (although severity was much lower in vaccinated individuals). Most COVID-19 cases were detected by NAAT until Omicron arrived. When NAAT testing priorities focused on high-risk individuals, infection rates were better reflected by seroprevalence.
Knowledge and Confidence Level among Emergency Healthcare Workers in Airway Management and Resuscitation of Suspected Covid-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Penang and Kelantan
Authors: Md Noh Abu Yazid , Ali Muhammad Naeem , Mafauzy Mohamad Masykurin , Baharuddin Kamarul Aryffin , Goh Swee Heng , Wan Mohamad Wan Syahmi
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 cases in Malaysia have followed a never-ending course of spike and fall since it was first detected. Though the prominent role of infection control standard precautions were strictly applied, cases among emergency healthcare workers (EHCW) contracting the disease continue to rise. Our study aims to evaluate the knowledge and confidence level and the factors that may influence the knowledge and confidence level among EHCW in airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary hospitals in Penang and Kelantan using a validated questionnaire. The territories evaluated include the possible method of transmission, proper steps during resuscitation, airway management and intubation, intensive care management, and etiquette of personal protective equipment. RESULTS: Out of 543 EHCW eligible for the study, only 300 participants responded to the questionnaire. Our study showed only 15.3% of respondents had good knowledge and 62.3% had high confidence in airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. Significant associations were seen in knowledge and confidence level among respondents with previous experience attending continuing medical education (F=7.041, P=0.008 and F=19.398, P<0.001 respectively). Significant associations were also demonstrated in confidence level among respondents with previous simulation training experience (F=13.905, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that most EHCW had poor knowledge and moderately adequate confidence in the airway management and resuscitation of suspected COVID-19 patients. A more comprehensive and strategized training program needs to be conducted to help in improvement of the knowledge and confidence level among EHCW.
Psychosocial Factors Affecting Mental Well-Being of Dental Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lim Shea , Mohamed Ludin Salizar , Abu Bakar Noraini , Ahmad Basri Nadzirah
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Dental students often faced high levels of mental distress which contributed to lower mental well-being. This has a negative impact on their health and academic performance. Many previous studies focused on students who were already in a 'diseased' state with little focus on students who are well but at risk of developing poor mental well-being. A better understanding of the factors affecting the mental well-being dental students is needed. This study was aimed to explore the factors associated with mental well-being of dental students and to identify steps to promote their mental well-being. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted among undergraduate dental students using semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed via verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed three main themes; i) Impression of dentistry, ii) Stressors and iii) Mental health experience. CONCLUSION: Undergraduate dental students often experienced low mental well-being due to the stressors they faced. Identifying the factors that influenced the mental well-being of dental students would allow for early intervention and fostering of mental well-being among dental students.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study in Secondary Healthcare Hospitals in Kosovo
Authors: Tolaj Ilir , Fejza Hajrullah , Alidema Fitim , Mustafa Lirim
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Globally, the high use of antibiotics among hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 has been reported despite evidence that bacterial coinfections are uncommon. This issue raised our concerns, as there was a report on high frequency of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Thus, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of antibiotic use for hospitalized acute COVID-19 infection in secondary healthcare hospitals in Kosovo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among patients with acute COVID-19 admitted to secondary healthcare hospitals in Kosovo. A modified Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) questionnaire was used to collect information in 460 COVID-19 PCR positive patients. RESULTS: All studied patients (100%) were treated with antibiotics. An empirical antibiotics were used to cover Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in 136 cases (29.6%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections in 86 cases (18.7%), atypical pathogen in 174 cases (37.8%), and Pseudomonas infections in 48 cases (10.4%). The most frequently used antibiotics were ceftriaxone/cefotaxime plus macrolide (149 cases; 31%), ceftriaxone/cefotaxime plus quinolone (85 cases; 17.7%), and co-amoxiclav plus fluoroquinolone (78 cases; 16.3%). Imipenem was most frequently used in the ICU (64 cases; 13.3%). CONCLUSION: Despite the antibiotic guidelines clearly stated that antibiotics should only be used in confirmed case of secondary bacterial infections including the COVID-19 patients, our study revealed that the overused of antibiotics remained unchanged. As the misused and overused of antibacterial has been shown to accelerate the emergence and spread of antibacterial resistant, the inappropriate practice should be changed.
The Association between Religiosity and HbA1c Level in Patients
Authors: Adnan Muhammad Luthfi , Rahmawati Riana
Published: April 2024

Glycemic control poses a challenge in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Religiosity can influence a patient’s coping strategies with the disease. However, the relationship between patient religiosity and glycemic control has not been thoroughly explored. In this systematic review, we assessed the relationship between religiosity and glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, we included articles published in English from 2011 onwards that quantitatively examined religiosity and its relationship with glycemic control based on the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Four studies from four different countries were included, employing varying measurement tools to assess religiosity. The HbA1c level was significantly related to the Diabetes Fatalism Index (p<0.05) and with general gratitude and gratitude to God, as assessed using the Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness. Religiosity may alleviate stress-related diseases and enhance diabetes care. One study showed a relationship between the HbA1c levels and the Beliefs and Values score amongst Muslims only. Two studies reported a significant correlation between religiosity and HbA1c levels. Reducing fatalistic beliefs and improving gratitude to God could be a viable strategy for helping patients manage T2DM. Further studies are needed to promote such an approach in T2DM management.
Справочные данные по физике частиц и атомного ядра
Authors: Степанов М.Е. , Третьякова Т.Ю. , Исупов Е.Л. , Варламов В.В.
Published: April 2024

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, бакалавров, магистрантов и аспирантов различных кафедр Физического факультета МГУ, а также соответствующих кафедр других ВУЗов. Цель учебного пособия – предоставить всем интересующимся атомной и ядерной физикой, физикой высоких энергий достаточно полные современные данные об атомных ядрах и элементарных частицах, информацию об основных физических константах и единицах. Пособие содержит также сведения о некоторых источниках аналогичной информации, доступных через ИНТЕРНЕТ.