bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Positive Early-Life Psychosocial Factors and Favorable Cardiovascular Risk in Adulthood
Authors: Appleton Allison A. , Buka Stephen L. , Loucks Eric B. , Rimm Eric B. , Martin Laurie T. , Kubzansky Laura D.
Published: January 2013

Background—

The American Heart Association’s national goals for cardiovascular health promotion emphasize that cardiovascular risk originates early in life, but little is known about childhood factors that may increase the likelihood of having a favorable cardiovascular risk (FCR) in adulthood. We examined the prospective association between positive childhood factors and the likelihood of midlife FCR. We also considered pathways through which childhood factors may influence FCR.

Methods and Results—

We studied 415 adults (mean age=42.2 years) of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a national cohort initiated in 1959 to 1966. We examined 3 positive childhood factors assessed at age 7 years: attention regulation (ability to stay focused), cognitive ability, and positive home environment. Of these adults, 10.6% had FCR in midlife. Adjusting for demographics and childhood cardiovascular health, a 1-unit increase in childhood attention regulation, cognitive ability, and positive home environment was associated with 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–4.7), 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.9), and 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.6) higher respective odds of having midlife FCR. The association with childhood attention regulation was maintained when accounting for adulthood factors; education and diet in part explained the associations with childhood cognitive ability and home environment. The effect of each attribute was additive as those with high levels of each childhood factor had 4.3 higher odds (95% confidence interval, 1.01–18.2) of midlife FCR in comparison with those low in all factors.

Conclusions—

Positive childhood psychosocial factors may promote healthy adult cardiovascular functioning. Primordial prevention efforts aimed at preventing the development of cardiovascular risk should consider building on childhood psychosocial resources.
Cyber Rebellion: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks, and the Struggle to Break the Power of Secrecy in the Global War on Terror
Authors: Sangarasivam Yamuna
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Following the release of thousands of diplomatic cables which revealed the human rights abuses and networks of corruption that sustain the US-sponsored global war on terror, the US Justice Department has invoked the 1917 Espionage Act to indict both Bradley Manning, the US soldier who released the classified documents to WikiLeaks, and Julian Assange, the editor and publisher of WikiLeaks. While censorship serves as an economic signal, as Assange asserts, how does the torture and prosecution of Pvt. Bradley Manning serve as a cultural signal which reveals the ­lessons of a patriotism that promotes a dystopic democracy? This article examines the spatio-temporal predicament of secrecy, surveillance, and censorship in the face of cyber rebellion.
Wealth Inequality and Stratification in the World Capitalist Economy
Authors: Chesters Jenny
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Social inequality is generally conceptualized in terms of economic disadvantage related to income, however this approach ignores another equally important dimension of social inequality: wealth inequality. Drawing on world systems theory and a Marxist perspective on social class, in this article I examine the interrelationship between stratification in the world economy and stratification within national economies with a view to developing a global class schema. This examination of trends in the net worth and the location of the wealthiest individuals in the world indicate that the rapid expansion of the world economy in the past three decades has affected the global distribution of wealth with an increasing proportion of the transnational capitalist class residing in semi-peripheral nations.
Occurrence of AH1N1 viral infection and clinical features in symptomatic patients who received medical care during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Central Mexico
Authors: Castillo-Palencia Juan Pablo , Laflamme Lucie , Monárrez-Espino Joel
Published: January 2013

Background

In 2009 a new influenza serotype (AH1N1) was identified in Mexico that spread rapidly generating worldwide alarm. San Luis Potosi (SLP) was the third state with more cases reported in that year. The clinical identification of this flu posed a challenge to medical staff. This study aimed at estimating the AH1N1 infection, hospitalization and mortality rates, and at identifying related clinical features in persons who received medical care during the influenza pandemic.

Methods

Retrospective study with persons with flu-like illness who received public or private medical care in SLP from 15.03.09 to 30.10.09. Physicians purposely recorded many clinical variables. Samples from pharyngeal exudate or bronchoalveolar lavage were taken to diagnose AH1N1 using real-time PCR. Clinical predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression with infection as a dependent variable. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Analyses were stratified by age group based on the distribution of positive cases.

Results

From the 6922 persons with flu symptoms 6158 had available laboratory results from which 44.9% turned out to be positive for AH1N1. From those, 5.8% were hospitalized and 0.7% died. Most positive cases were aged 5–14 years and, in this subgroup, older age was positively associated with A H1N1 infection (95% CI 1.05-1.1); conversely, in patients aged 15 years or more, older age was negatively associated with the infection (95% CI 0.97-0.98). Fever was related in those aged 15 years or more (95% CI 1.4-3.5), and headache (95% CI 1.2-2.2) only in the 0–14 years group. Clear rhinorrhea and cough were positively related in both groups (p < 0.05). Arthralgia, dyspnea and vaccination history were related to lesser risk in persons aged 15 years or more, just as dyspnea, purulent rhinorrhea and leukocytosis were in the 0–14 years group.

Conclusion

This study identified various signs and symptoms for the clinical diagnosis of AH1N1 influenza and revealed that some of them can be age-specific.
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Either Chemoradiotherapy or Bioradiotherapy for Larynx Preservation: The TREMPLIN Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Lefebvre Jean Louis , Pointreau Yoann , Rolland Frederic , Alfonsi Marc , Baudoux Alain , Sire Christian , de Raucourt Dominique , Malard Olivier , Degardin Marian , Tuchais Claude , Blot Emmanuel , Rives Michel , Reyt Emile , Tourani Jean Marc , Geoffrois Lionel , Peyrade Frederic , Guichard Francois , Chevalier Dominique , Babin Emmanuel , Lang Philippe , Janot Francois , Calais Gilles , Garaud Pascal , Bardet Etienne
Published: January 2013

Purpose

To compare the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or bioradiotherapy (BRT) for larynx preservation (LP).

Patients and Methods

Previously untreated patients with stage III to IV larynx/hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma received three cycles of ICT—docetaxel and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 each on day 1 and fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 per day on days 1 through 5. Poor responders (< 50% response) underwent salvage surgery. Responders (≥ 50% response) were randomly assigned to conventional radiotherapy (RT; 70 Gy) with concurrent cisplatin 100 mg/m2 per day on days 1, 22, and 43 of RT (arm A) or concurrent cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose and 250 mg/m2 per week during RT (arm B). Primary end point was LP at 3 months. Secondary end points were larynx function preservation (LFP) and overall survival (OS) at 18 months.

Results

Of the 153 enrolled patients, 116 were randomly assigned after ICT (60, arm A; 56, arm B). Overall toxicity of both CRT and BRT was substantial following ICT. However, treatment compliance was higher in the BRT arm. In an intent-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in LP at 3 months between arms A and B (95% and 93%, respectively), LFP (87% and 82%, respectively), and OS at 18 months (92% and 89%, respectively). There were fewer local treatment failures in arm A than in arm B; salvage surgery was feasible in arm B only.

Conclusion

There is no evidence that one treatment was superior to the other or could improve the outcome reported with ICT followed by RT alone (French Groupe Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête et Cou [GORTEC] 2000-01 trial [Induction CT by Cisplatin, 5FU With or Without Docetaxel in Patients With T3 and T4 Larynx and Hypopharynx Carcinoma]). The protocol that can best compare with RT alone after ICT is still to be determined.
Social Learning with Coarse Inference
Authors: Guarino Antonio , Jehiel Philippe
Published: January 2013

We study social learning by boundedly rational agents. Agents take a decision in sequence, after observing their predecessors and a private signal. They are unable to make perfect inferences from their predecessors' decisions: they only understand the relation between the aggregate distribution of actions and the state of nature, and make their inferences accordingly. We show that, in a discrete action space, even if agents receive signals of unbounded precision, there are asymptotic inefficiencies. In a continuous action space, compared to the rational case, agents overweight early signals. Despite this behavioral bias, eventually agents learn the realized state of the world and choose the correct action. (JEL D82, D83)
The Welfare Effects of Use-or-Lose Provisions in Markets with Dominant Firms
Authors: Gale Ian , O'Brien Daniel P
Published: January 2013

A use-or-lose provision requires that firms employ a certain minimum fraction of their productive capacity. Variants have been used by regulators in the airline and wireless communications industries, among others. A typical stated objective is to limit capacity hoarding, thereby increasing aggregate output and welfare. When the dominant firm is more efficient than fringe firms, we find that imposing a use-or-lose provision induces the dominant firm to acquire capacity from the fringe, which causes aggregate output to fall. When the dominant firm is less efficient than the fringe, aggregate output rises. In both cases, total surplus may rise or fall. (JEL D43, K21, L13, L93)
Phosphorylation at intrinsically disordered regions of PAM2 motif-containing proteins modulates their interactions with PABPC1 and influences mRNA fate
Authors: Huang Kai-Lieh , Chadee Amanda B. , Chen Chyi-Ying A. , Zhang Yueqiang , Shyu Ann-Bin
Published: January 2013

Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) C1 recruits different interacting partners to regulate mRNA fate. The majority of PABP-interacting proteins contain a PAM2 motif to mediate their interactions with PABPC1. However, little is known about the regulation of these interactions or the corresponding functional consequences. Through in silico analysis, we found that PAM2 motifs are generally embedded within an extended intrinsic disorder region (IDR) and are located next to cluster(s) of potential serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) phosphorylation sites within the IDR. We hypothesized that phosphorylation at these Ser/Thr sites regulates the interactions between PAM2-containing proteins and PABPC1. In the present study, we have tested this hypothesis using complementary approaches to increase or decrease phosphorylation. The results indicate that changing the extent of phosphorylation of three PAM2-containing proteins (Tob2, Pan3, and Tnrc6c) alters their ability to interact with PABPC1. Results from experiments using phospho-blocking or phosphomimetic mutants in PAM2-containing proteins further support our hypothesis. Moreover, the phosphomimetic mutations appreciably affected the functions of these proteins in mRNA turnover and gene silencing. Taken together, these results provide a new framework for understanding the roles of intrinsically disordered proteins in the dynamic and signal-dependent control of cytoplasmic mRNA functions.
Adaptive Smoothed Functional Algorithms for Optimal Staffing Levels in Service Systems
Authors: Prasad H. L. , Prashanth L. A. , Bhatnagar Shalabh , Desai Nirmit
Published: January 2013

Service systems are people-centric. The service providers employ a large workforce to service many clients, aiming to meet the service-level agreements (SLAs) and deliver a satisfactory client experience. A challenge is that the volumes of service requests change dynamically and the types of such requests are unique to each client. The task of adapting the staffing levels to the workloads in such systems while complying with aggregate SLA constraints is nontrivial. We formulate this problem as a constrained parametrized Markov process with a discrete parameter and propose two multi-timescale smoothed functional (SF)-based stochastic optimization SASOC (staff allocation using stochastic optimization with constraints) algorithms—SASOC-SF-N and SASOC-SF-C—for its solution. Whereas SASOC-SF-N uses a Gaussian-based smoothed functional approach, SASOC-SF-C uses the Cauchy smoothed functional algorithm for primal descent. Further, all SASOC algorithms incorporate a generalized projection operator that extends the system to a continuous setting with suitably defined transition probabilities. We validate these optimization schemes on five real-life service systems and compare their performance with a previous SASOC algorithm and the commercial optimization software OptQuest. Our algorithms are observed to be 25 times faster than OptQuest and have proven convergence guarantees to the optimal staffing levels, whereas OptQuest fails to find feasible solutions in some cases even under a reasonably high threshold on the number of search iterations. From the optimization experiments, we observe that our algorithms find better solutions than OptQuest in many cases, and among our algorithms, SASOC-SF-C performs marginally better than SASOC-SF-N.
Tau Loss Attenuates Neuronal Network Hyperexcitability in Mouse andDrosophilaGenetic Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Holth Jerrah K. , Bomben Valerie C. , Reed J. Graham , Inoue Taeko , Younkin Linda , Younkin Steven G. , Pautler Robia G. , Botas Juan , Noebels Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2013

Neuronal network hyperexcitability underlies the pathogenesis of seizures and is a component of some degenerative neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the microtubule-binding protein tau has been implicated in the regulation of network synchronization. Genetic removal ofMapt, the gene encoding tau, in AD models overexpressing amyloid-β (Aβ) decreases hyperexcitability and normalizes the excitation/inhibition imbalance. Whether this effect of tau removal is specific to Aβ mouse models remains to be determined. Here, we examined tau as an excitability modifier in the non-AD nervous system using genetic deletion of tau in mouse andDrosophilamodels of hyperexcitability.Kcna1−/−mice lack Kv1.1-delayed rectifier currents and exhibit severe spontaneous seizures, early lethality, and megencephaly. YoungKcna1−/−mice retained wild-type levels of Aβ, tau, and tau phospho-Thr231. Decreasing tau inKcna1−/−mice reduced hyperexcitability and alleviated seizure-related comorbidities. Tau reduction decreasedKcna1−/−video-EEG recorded seizure frequency and duration as well as normalizedKcna1−/−hippocampal network hyperexcitabilityin vitro. Additionally, tau reduction increasedKcna1−/−survival and prevented megencephaly and hippocampal hypertrophy, as determined by MRI. Bang-sensitiveDrosophilamutants display paralysis and seizures in response to mechanical stimulation, providing a complementary excitability assay for epistatic interactions. We found that tau reduction significantly decreased seizure sensitivity in two independent bang-sensitive mutant models,kccandeas. Our results indicate that tau plays a general role in regulating intrinsic neuronal network hyperexcitability independently of Aβ overexpression and suggest that reducing tau function could be a viable target for therapeutic intervention in seizure disorders and antiepileptogenesis.
Avaliação tecnológica de variedades de cana-de-açúcar influenciadas por diferentes adubações e supressões de irrigação
Authors: Oliveira Franklin Meireles de , Aspiazú Ignacio , Kondo Marcos Koiti , Borges Iran Dias , Pegoraro Rodinei Facco , Vianna Edilson Jardim
Published: January 2013

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as características tecnológicas de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas a diferentes níveis de adubação e supressões de irrigação. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, em Janaúba-MG. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, três repetições, em parcelas subdivididas (2 x 3 x 6), sendo na parcela duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, RB85-5453 e SP80-1816, com três épocas de supressão de irrigação e precipitação após emergência dos perfilhos (DIAC), caracterizadas aos 165, 195 e 225 dias, e na subparcela adubou-se com seis níveis de adubação mineral, 1 (0 kg ha-1 de N e K2O), 2 (14 kg ha-1 de N e 33 kg ha-1 de K2O), 3 (29 kg ha-1 de N e 66 kg ha-1 de K2O), 4 (43 kg ha-1 de N e 100 kg ha-1 de K2O), 5 (57 kg ha-1 de N e 133 kg ha-1 de K2O) e 6 (71 kg ha-1 de N e 166 kg ha-1 de K2O. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Brix, Pol do caldo, Açúcar Total Recuperável (ATR), Pureza e Litros de álcool estimados. Os níveis de adubação influenciaram a qualidade do caldo, obtendo média geral de 24,30 °brix, 20,976% pol do caldo, com a variedade RB85-5453 obtendo maiores valores para todas as variáveis analisadas, a variedade RB85-5453 apresentou maiores teores de ATR, atingindo valores superiores a 189,25 kg t-1. Observaram-se valores em álcool estimados máximo de 115,09 L t-1 da variedade RB85-5453 e mínimo de 90,21 L t-1 na SP80-1816. Com aplicação de 71 kg ha-1 de N e 166 kg ha-1 de K2O de adubação obteve-se melhor desempenho nas condições de realização deste trabalho. Entre as duas variedades estudadas a RB85-5453 é a mais indicada para a região, pois atingiu altos níveis em produção industrial.
Análise das aderências resultantes da fixação de telas cirúrgicas com selantes de fibrina e sutura: modelo experimental intraperitoneal
Authors: Montes Juliano Hermes Maeso , Bigolin André Vicente , Baú Renata , Nicola Roberto , Grossi João Vicente Machado , Loureiro Cláudia Juliana , Cavazzola Leandro Totti
Published: January 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar fixação cirúrgica de telas de polipropileno (PP) e telas de polipropileno revestido (PCD), usando fio de sutura de polipropileno e cola biológica, quanto à formação de aderências intraperitoneais. MÉTODOS: Amostra de 46 ratas Wistar, randomizadas em seis grupos: dois grupos-controle, com cinco ratas cada, que foram submetidos um à incisão medial (IM) e o outro à uma incisão em forma de U (IU); nenhum desses grupos recebeu tela. Dois grupos com tela de PP, um com dez ratas, fixada com sutura (PPF), e o outro, com seis ratas, fixada com cola biológica (PPC). E Dois grupos com tela de PCD, no primeiro, com dez animais, a tela foi fixada com sutura (PCDF), e no segundo, com dez animais, com cola biológica (PCDC). RESULTADOS: Após o prazo de 21 dias, os grupos-controle não apresentaram aderências significantes. O grupo PPC apresentou menor grau de aderência do que o grupo PPF (p=0,01). Não houve diferença entre as fixações nos grupos com PCD. CONCLUSÃO: A comparação da fixação apresentou diferença estatística significativa apenas à tela de PP, com menor grau de aderência utilizando a cola. As aderências se localizaram predominantemente nas extremidades das telas estudadas.
História coletiva e construções subjetivas: uma trama de narrativas em uma creche comunitária
Authors: Neves Vanessa Ferraz Almeida
Published: January 2013

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo entrelaçar as narrativas de educadoras e fundadoras de uma instituição de educação infantil e suas práticas de educação e cuidado de crianças em uma periferia economicamente empobrecida de Belo Horizonte. Através de uma abordagem etnográfica, reconstruímos algumas lembranças da construção desta creche comunitária e alguns momentos da própria infância das educadoras, consideradas como elementos centrais para a análise de algumas práticas institucionais. A análise das narrativas das educadoras e das suas práticas cotidianas demonstra que a forma de rememorar implica e está implicada na maneira de reconstruir tais práticas, muitas vezes garantindo os direitos sociais das crianças atendidas e, outras vezes, impedindo esses mesmos direitos.
Promoção da saúde e seu alcance biopolítico: o discurso sanitário da sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Furtado Mariama , Szapiro Ana
Published: January 2013

O conceito de Promoção da Saúde vem sendo trabalhado por diferentes atores sociais ao longo dos últimos vinte anos e publicações teóricas e pesquisas têm contribuído para proceder à delimitação dos conceitos e práticas nesta área; em alguns casos, partindo de um ponto de vista crítico com relação ao seu arcabouço teórico-conceitual. Este artigo analisa o discurso sanitário contemporâneo no contexto das políticas de promoção da saúde; identificando essas políticas como estratégias reguladas, sobretudo, pela manutenção do projeto biopolítico de controle social dos corpos. Reconhecemos, então, o atual discurso da Promoção da Saúde como um dispositivo de regulação da vida que se define, de certo modo, pela continuidade do projeto biopolítico moderno tal como descrito por Foucault. Porém, mais do que isso, a promoção da saúde apresenta-se como uma forma de controle e regulação dos corpos através de uma inflexão sobre a responsabilidade individual na administração da vida. Desta forma, o discurso da promoção da saúde ajusta-se à perspectiva das doutrinas do fim do Estado de Bem-Estar Social; constituindo-se como um projeto de autonomização dos indivíduos através da atribuição de responsabilidade sobre seus próprios cuidados. Nosso olhar sobre o quadro conceitual da promoção da saúde busca, assim, inserir-se no atual debate travado no campo da saúde coletiva, sublinhando as transformações nas concepções de saúde e doença, seu compromisso com o fim do Estado de proteção e seus efeitos nas sociabilidades.
Problematizando a Reforma Psiquiátrica na atualidade: a saúde mental como campo da práxis
Authors: Pereira Erica Cristina , Costa-Rosa Abílio da
Published: January 2013

A Saúde Mental, encarnada sob o modelo da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e o Movimento Antimanicomial não desconsideram a produção do conhecimento sobre aquele campo, sobretudo em decorrência da consolidação da Saúde Coletiva como campo do saber. O artigo explora alguns autores que tomam a Saúde Mental como novo campo de conhecimento, introduzindo um novo paradigma na percepção da saúde - Doença e Atenção -, contudo, o objetivo é introduzir a Atenção Psicossocial como meio para efetivar as práticas transdisciplinares e multiprofissionais. A possibilidade é que a Saúde Mental provoca desdobramentos na Saúde, consolidando as políticas públicas. Na prática, ainda há o aprisionamento ao modelo hospitalocêntrico-medicamentoso, existindo percalços a serem superados através do aproveitamento das brechas capazes de romper o instituído.
Sala de espera como estratégia de educação em saúde no campo da atenção às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis
Authors: Zambenedetti Gustavo
Published: January 2013

Este artigo apresenta e discute uma experiência de sala de espera no âmbito da atenção às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis - DST, desenvolvida em um serviço especializado na atenção às DST, localizado em Porto Alegre-RS. O objetivo da sala de espera foi oferecer uma possibilidade de prevenção e educação em saúde, tendo por base uma abordagem participativa e problematizadora, buscando diferenciar-se da lógica prescritiva, centrada na transmissão de informação, hegemonicamente presente nos serviços de saúde. A atividade ocorreu diariamente, antecedendo a consulta médica de homens que procuravam o serviço para atendimento relacionado às DST. Entendida como uma atividade relativa ao campo de competências profissionais (Campos, 2002), foi coordenada por duplas de residentes multiprofissionais (Psicólogos, Nutricionistas, Enfermeiros e Assistentes Sociais). A abordagem da sala de espera utilizou-se das contribuições da prática do aconselhamento em HIV/Aids, buscando trabalhar com aspectos afetivos/emocionais, informativos e avaliação de riscos. Através de uma perspectiva problematizadora, buscou-se interrogar e colocar em análise as relações que as pessoas estabelecem com a sexualidade, as DST e o uso do preservativo. Esta intervenção propiciou maior acesso a informações (sobre as DST, insumos de prevenção, tratamento e testagem anti-HIV) e discussão sobre aspectos relacionados às repercussões das DST na vida afetiva e sexual, reconfigurando o momento de espera em um momento de prevenção e educação em saúde.
Machado de Assis e a crise dos quarenta anos
Authors: Gledson John
Published: January 2013

Este texto e o que se segue a ele reproduzem, quase sem mudanças, duas conferências que proferi na Universidade de São Paulo, em 10 e 12 de maio de 2011, a convite de Hélio Guimarães e Vagner Camilo, do Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura Brasileira. Agradeço de coração a oportunidade que me deram de expor minhas ideias diante de um auditório tão simpático e estimulante. As mudanças são mínimas, e insignificantes - não tirei o tom de fala, que faz parte das duas exposições. Apenas acrescentei as referências necessárias e juntei um parágrafo final à segunda conferência, pois a rigor me pareceu que faltava uma conclusão. Será um pouco especulativa, mas como ambas as conferências fazem parte de processos de pesquisa em andamento, até convém que assim seja. Finalmente, devo dizer que estou planejando juntar às edições excelentes dos textos dos romances e contos expostos no site , criado e organizado por Marta de Senna, da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, o texto completo da versão em folhetins de Quincas Borba, junto com uma identificação das citações que só aparecem nessa versão, que são muitas. Isto, para facilitar o acesso a um texto tão interessante e central à evolução do romancista, já que as duas edições da edição da Comissão Machado de Assis são difíceis de achar (e a nossa será mais completa, incluindo o texto da entrega de 15 de abril de 1887, descoberta por Ana Cláudia Suriani da Silva). Devo terminar esse trabalho em maio de 2012, ao mais tardar.
O conto "Almas agradecidas", de Machado de Assis, e o papel do leitor
Authors: Verri Valda Suely da Silva
Published: January 2013

O sentido da obra machadiana, em geral, não está oferecido no nível do discurso textual e deverá ser produzido por um leitor-modelo, através da sondagem das camadas profundas da linguagem. Desta forma, abordamos a organização textual do conto "Almas agradecidas", a fim de mostrar que a postura adotada pelo narrador solicita que o leitor colabore ativamente para construir uma interpretação do texto. Para tanto, ressaltamos a importância desse narrador na construção dos personagens e observamos que a sua intrusão não é estendida a todos os personagens, resultando numa proposital relativização da onisciência. Essa construção exige cooperação por parte do leitor e permite que ele atue como coautor, o qual, adotando essa postura, constitui-se num leitor-modelo para o texto.
A recepção de Machado de Assis nos Estados Unidos durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960
Authors: Fitz Earl
Published: January 2013

Na literatura, a questão da recepção é extremamente complexa e, ao mesmo tempo, essencial, sobretudo se quisermos compreender melhor o impacto que tem em outra uma cultura literária pouco conhecida. Neste artigo, estudo a recepção de Machado de Assis nos Estados Unidos durante os anos 1950, quando três de seus romances - Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, Dom Casmurro e Quincas Borba - apareceram pela primeira vez em tradução para o inglês. Também considero a recepção de Machado nos anos 1960, período do chamado "boom", quando o autor brasileiro, apesar de ter sido muito admirado pelo crítico e escritor norte-americano John Barth, não recebeu a aclamação geral que merecia.
Briefing: Concrete structures affected by cracking
Authors: Ingham Jeremy , McKibbins Leo
Published: January 2013

Much of the world's critical infrastructure consists of concrete structures. Cracking is a feature of concrete that, although it does not usually constitute a serious problem, may have adverse impacts on durability, structural integrity, watertightness, sound transmission and aesthetics. This may in turn impact on the serviceability of concrete structures for various reasons. This briefing introduces the types of serviceability issues that involve concrete cracking and discusses a number of topical case studies.
Some jump-like operations in β-recursion theory
Authors: Bailey Colin G.
Published: January 2013

In this paper we show that there are various pseudo-jump operators definable over inadmissible Jβ that relate to the failure of admissiblity and to non-regularity. We will use these ideas to construct some intermediate degrees.
Universal sets for pointsets properly on the nth level of the projective hierarchy
Authors: Hjorth Greg , Humphries Leigh , Miller Arnold W.
Published: January 2013

The Axiom of Projective Determinacy implies the existence of a universal set for every n ≥ 1. Assuming there exists a universal set. In ZFC there is a universal set for every α.
Glycerol: A promising Green Solvent and Reducing Agent for Metal-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions and Nanoparticles Formation
Authors: Díaz-Álvarez Alba , Cadierno Victorio
Published: January 2013

Glycerol is a non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-volatile, biodegradable, and recyclable liquid that is generated as a byproduct in the manufacture of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils. Due to its easy availability, along with its unique combination of physical and chemical properties, glycerol has recently emerged as an economically appealing and safe solvent for organic synthesis. Recent works have also demonstrated that glycerol can be used as a hydrogen source in metal-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of organic compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, olefins and nitroarenes. Herein, the advances reached in this emerging field are reviewed. The utility of glycerol as solvent and reducing agent for the generation of metal nanoparticles is also briefly discussed.
Overwintering survival of bagworms,Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis(Lepidoptera: Psychidae): influence of temperature and egg cluster weight
Authors: Rhainds Marc , Régnière Jacques , Lynch Heather J. , Fagan William F.
Published: January 2013

The present study relates the survival rate of bagworm eggs to extreme winter temperature and weight of egg clutches. The eggs were collected in the spring of 2009 at 104 locations in the mid-western United States of America across a latitudinal range from 36.5–41.5 °N. Egg survival after a 1-week incubation period was overdispersed, suggesting that survival of individual eggs within a clutch is highly correlated. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the survival of eggs, assessed after 1 or 12 weeks of incubation, significantly increases with the weight of egg clutches and increasing minimum winter temperature (expressed as the maximum temperature during the coldest day of winter). Lethal temperature for 50% of egg clusters was −14 °C for clusters weighing 0.1 g and −18.1 °C for 0.4 g clusters. The regression model developed here provides a tool to forecast the persistence of bagworm populations in recently colonised locations in Michigan, United States of America and southern Ontario, Canada.
Evaluation of Ocular Biomechanical Indices to Distinguish Normal from Keratoconus Eyes
Authors: Lopes Bernardo , Luz Allan , Fontes Bruno , Ramos Isaac C , Correia Fernando , Schor Paulo
Published: January 2013

Purpose

To compare and assess the ability of pressure-derived parameters and corneal deformation waveform signal-derived parameters of the ocular response analyzer (ORA) measurement to distinguish between keratoconus and normal eyes, and to develop a combined parameter to optimize the diagnosis of keratoconus.

Materials and methods

One hundred and seventy-seven eyes (177 patients) with keratoconus (group KC) and 205 normal eyes (205 patients; group N) were included. One eye from each subject was randomly selected for analysis. Patients underwent a complete clinical eye examination, corneal topography (Humphrey ATLAS), tomography (Pentacam Oculus) and biomechanical evaluations (ORA Reichert). Differences in the distributions between the groups were assessed using the Mann- Whitney test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify cutoff points that maximized sensitivity and specificity in discriminating keratoconus from normal corneas. Logistic regression was used to identify a combined linear model (Fisher 1.0).

Results

Significant differences in all studied parameters were detected (p < 0.05), except for W2. For the corneal resistance factor (CRF): Area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 89.1%, sensitivity 81.36%, specificity 84.88%. For the p1area: AUROC 91.5%, sensitivity 87.1%, specificity 81.95%. Of the individual parameters, the highest predictive accuracy was for the Fisher 1.0, which represents the combination of all parameters (AUROC 95.5%, sensitivity 88.14%, specificity 93.17%).

Conclusion

Waveform-derived ORA parameters displayed greater accuracy than pressure-derived parameters for identifying keratoconus. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and CRF, a diagnostic linear model that combines different parameters, provided the greatest accuracy for differentiating keratoconus from normal corneas.

How to cite this article

Luz A, Fontes B, Ramos IC, Lopes B, Correia F, Schor P, Ambrósio R. Evaluation of Ocular Biomechanical Indices to Distinguish Normal from Keratoconus Eyes. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):145-150.
Comparative Evaluation of Elevation, Keratometric, Pachymetric and Wavefront Parameters in Normal Eyes, Subclinical Keratoconus and Keratoconus with a Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer
Authors: Colin Joseph , Smadja David , Touboul David
Published: January 2013

Purpose

To compare the corneal parameters in normal corneas, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and keratoconus measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer.

Materials and methods

A total of 372 eyes of 197 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and divided into three groups: 148 eyes of 102 patients with keratoconus, 47 contralateral topographically normal eyes of clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye and 177 eyes of 95 refractive surgery candidates with normal corneas. All eyes were measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer and elevation, keratometric, pachymetric and wavefront data were analyzed. Mean and intergroup comparisons were performed for 43 parameters.

Results

Eighty-eight percent of the parameters analyzed (38/43) were significantly different between normal and keratoconus whereas it was less than 40% (17/43) between normal and FFKC. The majority of the elevation parameters were significantly different between normal eyes and FFKC (11/14) whereas the I-S value and the Kmax were the only two parameters related to the anterior curvature that were significantly different between both groups. Corneal vertical coma was the only corneal aberrations significantly different between normal and FFKC (p < 0.07).

Conclusion

The dual Scheimpflug analyzer provides useful parameters for differentiating normal corneas, FFKC and keratoconus.

How to cite this article

Smadja D, Touboul D, Colin J. Comparative Evaluation of Elevation, Keratometric, Pachymetric and Wavefront Parameters in Normal Eyes, Subclinical Keratoconus and Keratoconus with a Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):158-166.
Late Onset Post-Lasik Ectasia
Authors: Abdelaziz Lamis , Pikkel Joseph , Garzozi Hanna , Barua Ankur
Published: January 2013

Post-Lasik ectasia is the most feared complication following laser in situ keratomileusis (Lasik), occurring in majority of cases within 1 year of surgery. Furthermore, it is reported many years after surgery. In this case series, we report on late onset ectasia in 11 eyes of nine patients occurring at least 6 years after surgery. Causes and management plan are not discussed here. The aim is to emphasis the late occurrence of this complication.

How to cite this article

Barbara R, Abdelaziz L, Pikkel J, Barua A, Garzozi H, Barbara A. Late Onset Post-Lasik Ectasia. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):190-195.
Espaço, redes e formação de classe
Authors: Savage Mike
Published: January 2013

Este artigo é uma tentativa de defender o conceito de classe na análise histórica. Na primeira parte deste artigo, abordo as características básicas da perspectiva de “formação de classe”, indicando seus pontos mais fortes, assim como algumas de suas fragilidades. A segunda parte explora como o conceito de formação de classe poderia ser alargado para incluir uma dimensão espacial, e aqui sugiro que lições podem ser aprendidas de desenvolvimentos recentes na análise de redes sociais realizados por sociólogos americanos. A terceira parte considera como espaço e formação de classe têm sido tratados por historiadores sociais. Na quarta seção, afirmo que uma ênfase no espaço como rede pode ajudar a promover nosso entendimento das dinâmicas de relações de classe.
A Lagrangian approach to the Loop Current eddy separation
Authors: Andrade-Canto F. , Sheinbaum J. , Zavala Sansón L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Determining when and how a Loop Current eddy (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico will finally separate is a difficult task, since several detachment re-attachment processes can occur during one of these events. Separation is usually defined based on snapshots of Eulerian fields such as sea surface height (SSH) but here we suggest that a Lagrangian view of the LCE separation process is more appropriate and objective. The basic idea is very simple: separation should be defined whenever water particles from the cyclonic side of the Loop Current move swiftly from the Yucatan Peninsula to the Florida Straits instead of penetrating into the NE Gulf of Mexico. The properties of backward-time finite time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) computed from a numerical model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea are used to estimate the "skeleton" of flow and the structures involved in LCE detachment events. An Eulerian metric is defined, based on the slope of the strain direction of the instantaneous hyperbolic point of the Loop Current anticyclone that provides useful information to forecast final LCE detachments. We highlight cases in which an LCE separation metric based on SSH contours (Leben, 2005) suggests there is a separated LCE that later reattaches, whereas the slope method and FTLE structure indicate the eddy remains dynamically connected to the Loop Current during the process.
Delving Deeper: Chordic vs. CORDIC: How Calculators and Students Compute Sines and Cosines
Authors: Dorner Bryan C.
Published: January 2013

Students who have grown up with computers and calculators may take these tools' capabilities for granted, but I find something magical about entering arbitrary values and computing transcendental functions such as the sine and cosine with the press of a button. Although the calculator operates mysteriously, students generally trust technology implicitly. However, beginning trigonometry students can compute the sine and cosine of any angle to any desired degree of precision using only simple geometry and a calculator with a square root key.
RAZVIJANJE METODOLOGIJE ZA OCJENU POVJERENJA U BANKARSTVO BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Jović Dragan
Published: January 2013

Predmet ovog članka je istraživanje povjerenja u domaće bankarstvo. Istraživanje ne odgovara samo na pitanje u kojem smjeru se kreće povjerenje u bankarstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, već i da li treba u njega vjerovati. Pod bankarstvom podrazumjevamo, sektor komercijalnih banaka u BiH, tj. bankarski sektor Bosne i Hercegovine (BSBiH), kao i bankarski sistem BiH (BSIBiH), gdje je komercijalnim bankama dodata Centralna banka Bosne i Hercegovine (CBBiH). Cilj rada nije bio da kvantifikuje doprinos pojedinih varijabli rastu povjerenja, već da se izmjeri povjerenje. Primjenili smo više, potpuno novih, metodologija. Analiziran je period od 2002/2007. godine do 2011. godine. Naša hipoteza, koju smo potvrdili, je da je došlo do smanjenja povjerenja u BSBiH i BSIBiH. Razvijena metodologija mjerenja povjerenja u bankarstvo se može primjeniti na bankarske sisteme slične bosanskohercegovačkom.
Efficient Ag@AgCl Cubic Cage Photocatalysts Profit from Ultrafast Plasmon‐Induced Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Tang Yuxin , Jiang Zhelong , Xing Guichuan , Li Anran , Kanhere Pushkar D. , Zhang Yanyan , Sum Tze Chien , Li Shuzhou , Chen Xiaodong , Dong Zhili , Chen Zhong
Published: January 2013

Photon‐coupling and electron dynamics are the key processes leading to the photocatalytic activity of plasmonic metal‐semiconductor nanohybrids. To better utilize and explore these effects, a facile large‐scale synthesis route to form Ag@AgCl cubic cages with well‐defined hollow interiors is carried out using a water‐soluble sacrificial salt‐crystal‐template process. Theoretical calculations and experimental probes of the electron transfer process are used in an effort to gain insight into the underlying plasmonic properties of the Ag@AgCl materials. Efficient utilization of solar energy to create electron‐hole pairs is attributed to the significant light confinement and enhancement around the Ag/AgCl interfacial plasmon hot spots and multilight‐reflection inside the cage structure. More importantly, an ultrafast electron transfer process (≤150 fs) from Ag nanoparticles to the AgCl surface is detected, which facilitates the charge separation efficiency in this system, contributing to high photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag@AgCl photocatalyst towards organic dye degradation.
Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Hexanuclear Thiolato‐Bridged Arene Ruthenium Metalla‐Prisms
Authors: Furrer Mona A. , Garci Amine , Denoyelle‐Di‐Muro Emmanuel , Trouillas Patrick , Giannini Federico , Furrer Julien , Clavel Catherine M. , Dyson Paul J. , Süss‐Fink Georg , Therrien Bruno
Published: January 2013

Hexanuclear thiolato‐bridged arene ruthenium metalla‐prisms of the general formula [(p‐cymene)6Ru6(SR)6(tpt)2]6+ (R=CH2Ph, CH2C6H4‐p‐tBu, CH2CH2Ph; tpt=2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine), obtained from the dinuclear precursors [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2], AgCF3SO3 and tpt, have been isolated and fully characterised as triflate salts. The metalla‐prisms are highly cytotoxic against human ovarian cancer cells, especially towards the cisplatin‐resistant cell line A2780cisR (IC50 <0.25 μM).
Heterozygous mutations in the PALB2 hereditary breast cancer predisposition gene impact on the three‐dimensional nuclear organization of patient‐derived cell lines
Authors: Wark Landon , Novak David , Sabbaghian Nelly , Amrein Lilian , Jangamreddy Jaganmohan R. , Cheang Mary , Pouchet Carly , Aloyz Raquel , Foulkes William D. , Mai Sabine , Tischkowitz Marc
Published: January 2013

PALB2/FANCN is a BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐interacting Fanconi Anemia (FA) protein crucial for key BRCA2 genome caretaker functions. Heterozygous germline mutations in PALB2 predispose to breast cancer and biallelic mutations cause FA. FA proteins play a critical role in the telomere maintenance pathway, with telomeric shortening observed in FA cells. Less is known about telomere maintenance in the heterozygous state. Here, we investigate the roles of PALB2 heterozygous mutations in genomic instability, an important carcinogenesis precursor. Patient‐derived lymphoblastoid (LCL) and fibroblast (FCL) cell lines with monoallelic truncating PALB2 mutations were investigated using a combination of molecular imaging techniques including centromeric FISH, telomeric Q‐FISH and spectral karyotyping (SKY). Mitomycin C and Cisplatin sensitivity was assayed via cellular metabolism of WST‐1. The PALB2 c.229delT FCL showed increases in telomere counts associated with increased mean intensity compared with two wild‐type FCLs generated from first‐degree relatives (P =1.04E‐10 and P =9.68E‐15) and it showed evidence of chromosomal rearrangements. Significant differences in centromere distribution were observed in one of three PALB2 heterozygous FCLs analyzed when compared with PALB2 wild‐type, BRCA1 and BRCA2 heterozygous FCLs. No significant consistently increased sensitivity to Mitomycin C or Cisplatin was observed in LCLs. Our results are suggestive of an altered centromere distribution profile and a telomere instability phenotype. Together, these may indicate critical nuclear organization defects associated with the predisposition to transformation and early stage development of PALB2‐related cancers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor pathway genes and blood concentrations, dietary protein and risk of prostate cancer in the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)
Authors: Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Travis Ruth C. , Appleby Paul N. , Allen Naomi E. , Lindström Sara , Albanes Demetrius , Ziegler Regina G. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Siddiq Afshan , Barricarte Aurelio , Berndt Sonja I. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Chanock Stephen J. , Crawford E. David , Diver W. Ryan , Gapstur Susan M. , Giovannucci Edward , Gu Fangyi , Haiman Christopher A. , Hayes Richard B. , Hunter David J. , Johansson Mattias , Kaaks Rudolf , Kolonel Laurence N. , Kraft Peter , Le Marchand Loic , Overvad Kim , Polidoro Silvia , Riboli Elio , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Stevens Victoria L. , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Virtamo Jarmo , Willett Walter C. , Key Timothy J
Published: January 2013

It has been hypothesized that a high intake of dairy protein may increase prostate cancer risk by increasing the production of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1). Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been weakly associated with circulating concentrations of IGF‐1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), but none of these SNPs was associated with risk of prostate cancer. We examined whether an association between 16 SNPs associated with circulating IGF‐1 or IGFBP‐3 concentrations and prostate cancer exists within subgroups defined by dietary protein intake in 5,253 cases and 4,963 controls of European ancestry within the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). The BPC3 includes nested case–control studies within large North‐American and European cohorts. Per‐allele odds ratios for prostate cancer for the SNPs were compared across tertiles of protein intake, which was expressed as the percentage of energy derived from total, animal, dairy or plant protein sources, using conditional logistic regression models. Total, animal, dairy and plant protein intakes were significantly positively associated with blood IGF‐1 (p < 0.01), but not with IGFBP‐3 concentrations (p > 0.10) or with risk of prostate cancer (p > 0.20). After adjusting for multiple testing, the SNP‐prostate cancer associations did not differ by intakes of protein, although two interactions by intake of plant protein were of marginal statistical significance [SSTR5 (somatostatin receptor 5)‐rs197056 (uncorrected p for interaction, 0.001); SSTR5‐rs197057 (uncorrected p for interaction, 0.002)]. We found no strong evidence that the associations between 16 IGF pathway SNPs and prostate cancer differed by intakes of dietary protein.