bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ДІЯННЯ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНОГО З РИЗИКОМ, ЯК ОБСТАВИНИ, ЩО ВИКЛЮЧАЄ КРИМІНАЛЬНУ ПРОТИПРАВНІСТЬ ДІЯННЯ В МЕДИЧНІЙ СФЕРІ
Authors: БАЙДА Антон , ПИЛИПЕНКО Марія , МАКІТРЕНКО Вікторія
Published: September 2021

Досліджено поняття «ризик», особливості його тлумачення. Визначено, що діяння, пов’язане з ризиком, не є новим у науці кримінального права, однак досі відсутній єдиний підхід до його тлумачення. Спеціальна стаття Кримінального кодексу України, яка регулює це питання, містить лише загальні характеристики такого діяння, а особливості та критерії її застосування залишає на розсуд правоохоронних органів. Також зазначено, що для того щоб діяння було кваліфіковане як здійснене в умовах виправданого ризику, воно має бути зумовлене конкретною життєвою ситуацією, а особа повинна діяти лише з метою досягнення суспільно корисної мети.
НАСТАВНИЦТВО ЯК МЕТОД АДАПТАЦІЇ, ПІДГОТОВКИ ТА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ СУДОВИХ ЕКСПЕРТІВ
Authors: КУРДЕС Олег
Published: September 2021

У статті висвітлено необхідність запровадження інституту наставництва під час підготовки, підвищення кваліфікації та адаптації судових експертів, надано практичні рекомендації щодо організації цього напряму діяльності в загальній системі роботи з персоналом судово-експертних установ. Акцентовано увагу на відсутності нормативно-правого забезпечення роботи відповідальних за безпосередню підготовку судових експертів, що негативно впливає на якість навчання та адаптацію працівників на новому місці роботи, і системи стимулювання праці співробітників, які навчають експертних спеціальностей на практиці. Обґрунтовано роль наставництва як інструмента адаптації та навчання нових працівників, підвищення кваліфікації судових експертів, зміцнення згуртованості всього колективу судово-експертної установи. Наголошено на визначенні інституту наставництва як одного з пріоритетних напрямів роботи з персоналом.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TOOLS FOR THE RESEARCH OF JEWELERY WITH INSERTS OF PRECIOUS STONES
Authors: RUDENKA Iryna
Published: September 2021

The paper analyses innovative scientific knowledge concerning the origin of precious stones as well as their synthetic analogues and imitations. Besides, the existing technologies and modern diagnostic devices are reviewed and the results of our own research are presented. Methods of fluorescence analysis and research under a microscope in the study of natural precious stones, including refined ones as well as their synthetic analogues and imitations is demonstrated.
How Many People Live in China? The Results of the 2020 Population Census
Authors: Bazhenova Elena
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to a topical issue — population problem of China and shows a picture of demographic situation and dynamics of demographic indices for the last decades building on new statistical data, which are results of the 2020 Population Census of the People’s Republic of China. These data is a basis for conclusion, that under the influence of changing social and economic conditions and state population policy population reproduction experienced cardinal alterations. The most serious alteration is rapid population ageing as a result of demographic policy since the end of 70’s “one family — one child”.
It seems necessary for China to put forward the decision of the CC CPC Political Bureau (May, 2021) about regulation of the population age structure at the expense of the third child in the family. The next decision about elimination of all limits for a number of children in the family is quite up to the mark, because it helps to block population ageing and to increase a share of economically active population by 2035. But now a large number of Chinese families, especially urban families, are not ready to have more than one child by some reasons, for example, growing costs for education of children, obstacles for their careers and other reasons. The authors of the article on the basis of the preliminary data of the 2020 Population Census came to the conclusion, that further success of China’s social and economic development will be connected with solving demographic problems in China in the nearest decade.
Risk factors for lymphedema after breast surgery: A prospective cohort study in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Salinas-Huertas S. , Luzardo-González A. , Vázquez-Gallego S. , Pernas S. , Falo C. , Pla M.J. , Gil-Gil M. , Beranuy-Rodriguez M. , Pérez-Montero H. , Gomila-Sancho M. , Manent-Molina N. , Arencibia-Domínguez A. , Gonzalez-Pineda B. , Tormo-Collado F. , Ortí-Asencio M. , Terra J. , Martinez-Perez E. , Mestre-Jane A. , Campos-Varela I. , Jaraba-Armas M. , Benítez-Segura A. , Campos-Delgado M. , Fernández-Montolí M.E. , Valverde-Alcántara Y. , Rodríguez A. , Campos G. , Guma A. , Ponce-Sebastià J. , Planas-Balagué R. , Catasús-Clavé M. , García-Tejedor A.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: The Objective was to investigate the incidence of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment and to analyze the risk factors involved in a tertiary level hospital. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal observational study over 3 years post-breast surgery. 232 patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer at our institution between September 2013 and February 2018. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND) were mandatory in this cohort. In total, 201 patients met the inclusion criteria and had a median follow-up of 31 months (range, 1–54 months). Lymphedema was diagnosed by circumferential measurements and truncated cone calculations. Patients and tumor characteristics, shoulder range of motion limitation and local and systemic therapies were analyzed as possible risk factors for lymphedema. RESULTS: Most cases of lymphedema appeared in the first 2 years. 13.9% of patients developed lymphedema: 31% after ALND and 4.6% after SLNB (p < 0.01), and 46.7% after mastectomy and 11.3% after breast-conserving surgery (p < 0.01). The lymphedema rate increased when axillary radiotherapy (RT) was added to radical surgery: 4.3% for SLNB alone, 6.7% for SLNB + RT, 17.6% for ALND alone, and 35.2% for ALND + RT (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the only risk factors associated with the development of lymphedema were ALND and mastectomy, which had hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 7.28 (2.92–18.16) and 3.9 (1.60–9.49) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factors for lymphedema were the more radical surgeries (ALND and mastectomy). The risk associated with these procedures appeared to be worsened by the addition of axillary radiotherapy. A follow-up protocol in patients with ALND lasting at least two years, in which special attention is paid to these risk factors, is necessary to guarantee a comprehensive control of lymphedema that provides early detection and treatment.
Comparison between ultrasound-guided monopolar and bipolar pulsed radiofrequency treatment for refractory chronic cervical radicular pain: A randomized trial
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Choi Hyun Hee , Chang Min Cheol
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Many patients complain of chronic cervical radicular pain, and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is known to have a positive effect for alleviating neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we used ultrasound (US) guidance and compared the effects of monopolar PRF with those of bipolar PRF in patients with chronic cervical radicular pain refractory to repeated transforaminal epidural steroid injections. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with chronic cervical radicular pain were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: monopolar or bipolar PRF group (n= 33 per group). Pain intensity was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at pretreatment, and at 1 and 3 months after the treatment. Target stimulation site was the extraforaminal nerve root. RESULTS: Compared to the pretreatment NRS scores, patients in both groups showed a significant decrease in NRS scores at 1 and 3 months after the treatment. Reductions in the NRS scores over time were significantly larger in the bipolar PRF group. Three months after the treatment, 18 patients (54.5%) in the monopolar PRF group and 27 (81.8%) in the bipolar PRF group reported successful pain relief (pain relief of ⩾50%). CONCLUSIONS: US-guided PRF can be an effective interventional technique for the management of chronic refractory cervical radiculopathy. Moreover, bipolar PRF has better treatment outcome than monopolar PRF.
Effectiveness of sustained natural apophyseal glides in females with cervicogenic headache: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Manzoor Nosheen , Safdar Rimsha , Khan Hafsa , Farooq Maryam , Wassi Ahmad
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a common condition that results in significant disability. To treat this dysfunction, Mulligan described sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) as a manual therapy approach. However, only inconclusive short-term evidence exists for treating CGH with SNAGs. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the effect of SNAGs in the treatment of CGH. METHODS: Fourty female patients ranging from 20 to 40 years with CGH were randomly assigned to two groups: 20 in a treatment group and 20 in a control group. SNAGs were applied to the treatment group while the control group received placebo treatment. Both groups received their respective treatment for 20 minutes, alternately three times per week, for a total of 12 times in four weeks. The outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of each week. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Independent t-testing was used to reveal changes between groups. One-way ANOVA was used to determine changes within groups. The level of significance was P< 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty participants (100%) in the treatment group and 17 (85%) in the control group had a history of headache aggravation with active movements or passive head positioning. There was no significant difference at baseline (p> 0.05), indicating that both groups were homogeneous at the time of recruitment. The p value (p< 0.05) showed a significant difference in pain and level of disability at three and four weeks (p< 0.05) in patients treated with SNAGs. However, the cervical range of motion (ROM) showed a statistically significant improvement in flexion and extension in the treatment group (p< 0.05) while there was no significant improvement in side flexion and rotation ROM in both groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that SNAGs were effective in reducing pain and neck disability and improved ROM in females with CGH.
Improving discretization based pattern discovery for multivariate time series by additional preprocessing
Authors: Noering Fabian Kai-Dietrich , Jonas Konstantin , Klawonn Frank
Published: September 2021

In technical systems the analysis of similar load situations is a promising technique to gain information about the system’s state, its health or wearing. Very often, load situations are challenging to be defined by hand. Hence, these situations need to be discovered as recurrent patterns within multivariate time series data of the system under consideration. Unsupervised algorithms for finding such recurrent patterns in multivariate time series must be able to cope with very large data sets because the system might be observed over a very long time. In our previous work we identified discretization-based approaches to be very interesting for variable length pattern discovery because of their low computing time due to the simplification (symbolization) of the time series. In this paper we propose additional preprocessing steps for symbolic representation of time series aiming for enhanced multivariate pattern discovery. Beyond that we show the performance (quality and computing time) of our algorithms in a synthetic test data set as well as in a real life example with 100 millions of time points. We also test our approach with increasing dimensionality of the time series.
A two-stage clustering-based cold-start method for active learning
Authors: He Deniu , Yu Hong , Wang Guoyin , Li Jie
Published: September 2021

The problem of initialization of active learning is considered in this paper. Especially, this paper studies the problem in an imbalanced data scenario, which is called as class-imbalance active learning cold-start. The novel method is two-stage clustering-based active learning cold-start (ALCS). In the first stage, to separate the instances of minority class from that of majority class, a multi-center clustering is constructed based on a new inter-cluster tightness measure, thus the data is grouped into multiple clusters. Then, in the second stage, the initial training instances are selected from each cluster based on an adaptive candidate representative instances determination mechanism and a clusters-cyclic instance query mechanism. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method from the aspects of class coverage, classification performance, and impact on active learning.
Interval TOPSIS with a novel interval number comprehensive weight for threat evaluation on uncertain information
Authors: Xiang Chen , Xing Wang , Hubiao Zhang , Yuheng Xu , You Chen , Xiaotian Wu
Published: September 2021

Threat evaluation (TE) is essential in battlefield situation awareness and military decision-making. The current processing methods for uncertain information are not effective enough for their excessive subjectivity and difficulty to obtain detailed information about enemy weapons. In order to optimize TE on uncertain information, an approach based on interval Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the interval SD-G1 (SD standard deviation) method is proposed in this article. By interval SD-G1 method, interval number comprehensive weights can be calculated by combining subjective and objective weights. Specifically, the subjective weight is calculated by interval G1 method, which is an extension of G1 method into interval numbers. And the objective weight is calculated by interval SD method, which is an extension of SD method with the mean and SD of the interval array defined in this paper. Sample evaluation results show that with the interval SD-G1 method, weights of target threat attributes can be better calculated, and the approach combining interval TOPSIS and interval SD-G1 can lead to more reasonable results. Additionally, the mean and SD of interval arrays can provide a reference for other fields such as interval analysis and decision-making.
Urban IoT ontologies for sharing and electric mobility
Authors: Scrocca Mario , Baroni Ilaria , Celino Irene
Published: September 2021

Cities worldwide are facing the challenge of digital information governance: different and competing service providers operating Internet of Things (IoT) devices often produce and maintain large amounts of data related to the urban environment. As a consequence, the need for interoperability arises between heterogeneous and distributed information, to enable city councils to make data-driven decisions and to provide new and effective added value services to their citizens. In this paper, we present the Urban IoT suite of ontologies, a common conceptual model to harmonise the data exchanges between municipalities and service providers, with specific focus on the sharing mobility and electric mobility domains.
Avaliação laboratorial de pacientes com meningite: diagnóstico diferencial entre meningite bacteriana e viral
Authors: Freitas Katherine Valença , Mattos Junior Márden Estevão
Published: September 2021

As meningites são inflamações das meninges (pia-máter, dura-máter e aracnoide), vários fatores podem levar um indivíduo a desenvolver meningite, tais como agentes infecciosos (bactérias, vírus e fungos) e agentes não infecciosos, como, por exemplo, um trauma; os indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade são as crianças, pacientes imunodeprimidos e imunocomprometidos. Esta pesquisa traz informações de importância no auxílio do diagnóstico das meningites, sendo feito um paralelo entre as meningites bacterianas e virais, que são de maior incidência. Como objetivo principal foi definido o que é meningite, suas peculiaridades e a forma de identifica-la laboratorialmente, descrevendo as diferenças clínicas e elucidando o diagnóstico diferencial entre as meningites bacterianas e virais. Este estudo foi realizado seguindo o conceito de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando material já elaborado, formado de artigos científicos, teses e livros. O critério de inclusão utilizado para seleção de material foi selecionar os dados que tivessem como foco o diagnóstico laboratorial e aspectos clínicos/laboratoriais das meningites bacterianas e virais. Os parâmetros laboratoriais para a diferenciação das meningites bacterianas das virais mostram que o exame de maior importância é a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano, demonstrando alteração desde o exame macroscópico a testes mais sofisticados. A análise de um líquor após uma meningite bacteriana se apresenta características exsudativas e facilita o diagnóstico diferencial clínico, ao contrário das análises de amostras após infecções virais e fúngicas, que demonstram menos alterações com características de transudato dependendo de associações clínicas e análises mais específicas como a microbiológica e dosagem de lactato para auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial.
Design And Development Of A Multi-Color Soot Emission Diagnostics To Measure Soot Temperature And Concentration
Authors: Gnanavel Ashwinraj
Published: September 2021

In this paper, temperature of the soot particles from the flame was determined using line of sight attenuation setup. The emission from the soot particles of the flame will be filtered using a three color pyrometry, in which three slits of different wavelengths will be placed in front of the AP-3200T-USB camera. The author did not use spectrometer to filter the wavelengths because, a spectrometer would give a spectrum consisting of 15 different colors, which is not required in this experiment, since calculation of temperature of the soot only requires two colors to be filtered from the soot. Each wavelength corresponds to RED, BLUE and GREEN color respectively. After the soot emission images are captured in all the three wavelengths, three images will be obtained from the camera. For reading these images, MATLAB code was used, and the pixel intensity values were read from which temperature could be calculated.
ANALISIS MODEL BISNIS BERBASIS EKOSISTEM APLIKASI GO-JEK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN
Authors: Romadhoni Muhammad Adey , Maika M. Ruslianor
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini didasari sebuah isu tentang model bisnis berbasis ekosistem pada aplikasi Go-Jek dalam upaya meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Dari adanya isu tersebut terangkum dalam sebuah penelitian yang mengerucut pada sebuah objek penelitian. Sementara yang mejadi objek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo yang menggunakan aplikasi Go-Jek. Namun penggunaan aplikasi Go-Jek pada mahasiswa terbilang tidak belum menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu seberapa penting adanya ekosistem layanan pada aplikasi Go-Jek. Sedangkan metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Namun, pada saat proses pengumpulan data terhalang dengan adanya covid-19 yang mewabah di Indonesia sejak Maret 2020, sehingga mempengaruhi teknik pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan dan jenis data yang peneliti peroleh. Hasil menunjukkan dari seluruh responden sebagian besar dari merasa sangat terbantu dengan setiap layanan yang ada dalam aplikasi Go-Jek, sehingga tingkat kepuasan akan layanan dari Go-Jek sangat tinggi.
PENENTUAN POLA PEMBELIAN OBAT MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA APRIORI
Authors: Syahrir Moch , Rismayanti Ria , Wicaksono Moh Arief
Published: September 2021

Apotek merupakan salah satu usaha yang bergerak dalam bidang kesehatan khususnya pelayanan produk dan jasa untuk meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat. Pelayanan produk dan jasa untuk meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat ini dilakukan oleh seorang pengelola apotek dalam upaya memenuhi tugas dan fungsi apotek yang meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan penilaian. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya permasalahan yang sering terjadi diapotek yaitu dalam melakukan pencarian obat harus dilakukan dengan mencari satu persatu dalam buku transaksi penjualan obat karena pengelola apotek tidak mengetahui stok obat yang ada di apotek. Selain itu permasalahan lainnya adalah  pengaturan tata letak obat yang tidak teratur atau tidak terstruktur dimana peletakan obat tidak menggunakan acuan seperti obat yang paling laku.

Metode yang digunakan dalam membuat aplikasi ini yaitu asosiasi dengan menggunakan algoritma apriori yang dimuai dari pengumpulan data yang merupakan data transaksi dan analisis kebutuhan data. Kemudian penulis membangun aplikasi dengan mengimplementasikan algoritma apriori pada aplikasi yang akan dibangun, pengujian aplikasi menggunakan 3 nilai minimum support dan 3 nilai minimum confidence agar nantinya bisa mendapatkan hasil rule dan k-Itemset dari ke 3 nilai yang berbeda tersebut.
THE COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF EUROPE'S SECURITY AND DEFENCE CHALLENGES
Authors: SENČAR IGOR
Published: September 2021

Povzetek
Evropski posthladnovojni red je temeljil na panevropskem konsenzu, da je demokracija edini vir legitimnosti, dokler se niso udejanjanju vizije celovite in svobodne Evrope, ki je v miru sama s seboj, uprle kremeljske oblasti. Prišlo je do spremembe paradigme – sistemsko tekmovanje namesto sodelovanja. Ruski revizionizem pomeni največjo varnostno grožnjo za Evropo. Narava grožnje ni bila pravočasno zaznana. Pri napadu na posthladnovojni red ni šlo le za klasično vojno, ki temelji na trdi moči, saj vojna poteka tudi v kognitivni sferi, kar za odprte, demokratične družbe pomeni poseben izziv. To je bil tudi normativni napad. Za učinkovit odgovor sta nujna mentalni premik in krepitev kognitivne odpornosti ter tudi solidarnosti kot ena najpomembnejših temeljev varnosti.

Ključne besede
Kognitivna odpornost, Evropska unija, informacijska vojna, normativni konflikt, revizionistična sila.

Abstract
The European post-Cold War order was based on a pan-European consensus that democracy was the only source of legitimacy – until the Kremlin opposed the realization of a Europe whole, free and at peace with itself. There has been a paradigm change from cooperation to systemic competition. Russian revisionism poses the greatest security threat to Europe. The nature of the threat was realized rather late. The assault on the post-Cold War order was not just a classic war, which relies on hard power; instead, the war also took place in the cognitive sphere, which represents a particular challenge for open, democratic societies. Furthermore, it was also a normative assault. An effective response requires a mental shift and the strengthening of cognitive resilience as well as solidarity as the key foundations of security.

Key words
cognitive resilience, European Union, information warfare, normative conflict, revisionist power.
EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE: A BREAKTHROUGH OR SIMPLY MUDDLING THROUGH
Authors: ZANDEE DICK
Published: September 2021

Povzetek
V članku je predstavljen razkorak med tem, o čemer smo se na področju Skupne varnostne in obrambne politike Evropske unije že dogovorili in kar smo načrtovali, pa tega še vedno nismo dosegli. Osredotočamo se na njeno strateško avtonomijo in kredibilnost evropskih vojaških sil. Postopek nastajanja Strateškega kompasa je priložnost za ponoven premislek o evropski varnostni prihodnosti in poenotenju stališč držav članic ter za več realizma pri zmanjševanju razkoraka med retoriko in dejanji. Za njeno večjo strateško avtonomijo in kredibilnost vojaških sil predlagamo izboljšave na osmih področjih.
Ključne besede
Skupna varnostna in obrambna politika Evropske unije, Strateški kompas, strateška avtonomija Evropske unije, evropske vojaške sile.

Abstract
This article presents the gap between what has already been agreed and planned in the field of the European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy in the past, and what we have actually achieved. We focus on the EU’s strategic autonomy and the credibility of European military forces. The process of creating the Strategic Compass is an opportunity to rethink Europe's security future, to unify the positions of the Member States, and to increase realism in bridging the gap between rhetoric and action. For greater strategic autonomy and the credibility of the military, we propose improvements in eight actions.
Key words
EU Common Security and Defence Policy, Strategic Compass, European military forces.
THE FUTURE OF THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY AND SMALL MEMBER STATES
Authors: JUVAN JELENA
Published: September 2021

Povzetek
Dvaindvajset let po srečanju na vrhu v Kölnu, ki velja za zgodovinsko za SVOP, danes še vedno ne moremo govoriti o popolnoma funkcionalni in operativni SVOP. Prispevek analizira PESCO, CARD, CDP in EDF ter nekatere najpomembnejše težave evropskega obrambnega prizorišča, ki mu primanjkuje skladnosti in ostaja razdrobljeno v številnih vidikih. Države članice še vedno namenjajo veliko več finančnih sredstev za druge varnostne okvire, ki niso del EU, kot je na primer Nato. Prav tako države članice ohranjajo nacionalni fokus na področju obrambnega načrtovanja in v resnici zelo slabo izpolnjujejo dane obljube. Vprašanje je, kaj in koliko v trenutni evropski arhitekturi majhna država članica sploh lahko doseže. Prispevek osvetli vlogo majhnih držav skozi institucijo predsedovanja Evropskemu svetu.

Ključne besede
SVOP, Slovenija, PESCO, CARD, EDF.

Abstract
Twenty-two years after the EC meeting in Cologne where the CSDP came to life, we still cannot talk about a fully functional and operational CSDP. This article reflects on PESCO, CARD, the CDP and the EDF, and on some of the main issues in the European defence landscape today, which continues to be fragmented and lacks coherence in several aspects. Member States are still investing more in non-EU frameworks such as NATO, and still retain a national focus in their defence planning, showing very little discipline in meeting the commitments that they have undertaken. The question arises of what a small state can achieve in the current European architecture, if anything. The role of the small state is reflected through the Presidency of the European Council.

Key words
CSDP, Slovenia, PESCO, CARD, EDF.
WHY SHOULD WE PUBLISH IN JOURNALS INDEXED IN WEB OF SCIENCE?
Authors: Kubiatko Milan
Published: September 2021

I would like to thank the editor of the journal, who offered me to write an editorial. When I was thinking about the topic, which would be interesting for the readers of journals, I got more ideas. One of the topics, which is more and more discussed is the problem of publication. Where should the author send his manuscript? He/she should choose a shorter way or try to send his own manuscript to the journal with the demanding reviewing process. But, the author is the person who makes the final decision, our effort is to evoke only thinking about the importance of academic work.
THE CONCEPT OF HYBRIDIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCIENCE TEACHING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Çil Erol , Uğraş Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The hybridization of carbon is an important problem of quantum chemistry. It means that atomic orbitals could mix giving hybrid orbitals. Orbitals are not physical objects; they are mathematical solutions of the Schrodinger equation. The aim of this study is to determine through phenomenographic method how Science Teaching undergraduate students comprehend "hybridization". 176 students, 78 of whom are male and 98 of whom are female, participated in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire form was used in the study as data collection tool. As a result of analysis of data, it was determined that students describe hybridization in 5 different categories and 4 different ways. According to these categories: "1) Hybridization is a kind of covalent bond, 2) an electronic transition between bonds, 3) an electronic transition between orbitals, 4) the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding 5) a case observed as a result of interaction between particles. Among the categories, the one "a mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding" category was at the top of the list with 69 metaphors.
Key words: chemistry education, description category, hybridization, phenomenography, science education.
A NEW CHALLENGE BY THE EUROPEAN UNION HAS ALREADY STARTED: RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Authors: Cavas Bulent
Published: September 2021

It has been revealed by The Directorate-General for Research and Innovation of the European Union that scientific studies and their outcomes, carried out within the last 15 years, haven't been adequately shared within the society. In this context, the search for project applications, reviewing efficient communication strategies between European citizens and science was initiated by the European Union’s Science and Society action plan in 2001.
The European Union further developed action plans, under its FP7 program which began in 2007, with a view to increasing participation within society and to enhance two-way dialogues and larger interactions through actualizing Science in Society’s action.
DYNAMIC VISUALIZATION IN THE VIRTUAL LABORATORY ENHANCES THE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL CONCEPTS
Authors: Rizman Herga Nataša , Glažar Saša A. , Dinevski Dejan
Published: September 2021

In natural science education it is important that the macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels are interconnected in a student’s mind. Primary school children have the greatest difficulty in understanding the sub-microscopic, which is outside their experiential framework. This research examines the classroom application of the virtual laboratory in integrating macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic aspects of chemistry. Pupils of the seventh grade, aged between 12 and 13 years (N = 225), participated in the didactic experiment that was conducted in ten primary schools in Slovenia. The fundamental research question was whether pupils studying the same natural science content using the virtual laboratory performed better than those who did not.
The results of the experiment revealed that in terms of knowledge acquisition the use of a virtual laboratory improved pupil performance in relation to those who did not use elements of dynamic visualisation in the classroom. In accordance with Bloom’s cognitive scale, it was demonstrated that in relation to basic, higher and advanced levels of knowledge and comprehension, the use of the virtual laboratory positively influences pupils’ understanding of selected concepts in chemistry.
Key words: virtual laboratory, dynamic visualization, chemical concepts, submicroscopic level.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE TO MEASURE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ANXIETY LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kurbanoğlu Namudar İzzet , Akın Ahmet
Published: September 2021

University students’ achievements in organic chemistry depend on cognitive variables. In addition, non-cognitive variables such as anxiety levels also have an impact on students’ organic chemistry achievements. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in organic chemistry lessons. In this study, the Organic Chemistry Anxiety Scale (O-CAS) consisting of 24 items was developed, its validity and reliability was analysed. All the items are positively worded to indicate increased anxiety. Factor analytic evidence from a sample (n=340) of university organic chemistry students indicated that the O-CAS measured three constructs. Additional analysis with a second sample (n=297) showed that scores on these anxiety constructs were internally consistent, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 and were 0.95 for the overall scale. Further, the result of analysis of the third sample (n=195) indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between organic chemistry anxiety and organic chemistry achievement of students. According to these results, the O-CAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in chemistry education. Key words: anxiety, chemistry education, organic chemistry, reliability, and validity.
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation According to the Difference between Anterior and Total Keratometry Using Scheimpflug Imaging
Authors: Kim Joong Hee , Cho Kyong Jin , Chung Ho Seok
Published: September 2021

Purpose: We investigated the change in the absolute error according to the difference between anterior and total keratometry, to determine the criterion for the difference in keratometry, and to determine the indication for using total keratometry. Methods: Sagittal and total refractive power were measured with 2-, 3-, and 4-mm Pentacam® rings, and the absolute error of each was calculated in patients who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital. The correlation between the difference value the sagittal minus the total refractive power and each absolute error was analyzed by simple regression analysis. The analysis was performed by dividing the patients into two groups based on 0.6, which is the average of the difference between the sagittal and total refractive power for the 3-mm ring. Results: Sagittal power was larger than total refractive power for all rings and the absolute error obtained by applying the total refractive power was larger than the sagittal power for the 2- and 4-mm rings (p < 0.001). The simple regression analysis revealed that the absolute error using sagittal power was positively correlated with the difference between sagittal power and total refractive power. In the group with less than 0.6, the absolute error using the total refractive power of all rings was larger than the sagittal power (p < 0.001). In the group exceeding 0.6, the absolute error using the total refractive power was less than using the sagittal power for the 3 mm ring (p = 0.028). Conclusions: The greater the difference between sagittal and total refractive power, the greater the absolute error using sagittal power. Accuracy was higher in the group exceeding 0.6 after applying total refractive power measured at the 3 mm ring compared to sagittal power.
Comparison of Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Kim Jonghyun , Ahn So Min , Yun Cheolmin , Kim Seong-Woo , Oh Jaeryung
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and the factors affecting the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by OCTA and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Methods: The numbers and area of polyps, and the presence and area of a branched vascular network (BVN) as revealed by ICGA and OCTA, were retrospectively analyzed in 43 patients with active PCV. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the number of polyps matched between the two methods: group 1, equal number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA; group 2, different number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA. Results: In 43 PCV patients, the total number of polyps was 1.47 ± 0.83 in ICGA and 1.07 ± 0.91 in OCTA (p < 0.001), and the polyp area was 0.27 ± 0.42 mm2 in ICGA and 0.17 ± 0.15 mm2 in OCTA (p = 0.023). BVN was found in 33 eyes (76.7%) by ICGA and 29 eyes (67.4%) by OCTA (p < 0.001). The BVN area was 3.61 ± 2.59 mm2 in ICGA and 2.74 ± 2.76 mm2 in OCTA (p = 0.002). Central retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1 (p < 0.001, respectively). Subretinal fluid (SRF) (p = 0.009) and subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) (p = 0.005) were significantly more prevalent in group 2 than group 1. Polyp height (p = 0.022) and diameter (p = 0.042) were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1. Conclusions: OCTA is a supplementary diagnostic technique for detecting PCV. The presence of SRF and SHR, and large polyp height and diameter, were associated with the polyp detection rate of OCTA for PCV.
Clinical Usefulness of the Revised International Workshop for Ocular Sarcoidosis Criteria in Korean Patients
Authors: Park Jimin , Kim You Na , Kim Yoon Jeon , Kim June Gone , Yoon Young Hee , Lee Joo Yong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To compare differences between the original criteria for diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis (OS) (first International Workshop for OS [IWOS] 2009) and the revised criteria (sixth IWOS 2017), and their clinical usefulness when assessing OS in Korean patients. Methods: We analyzed patients with suspected OS who visited our tertiary referral ophthalmological and pulmonary clinic from 2007 to 2018. We diagnosed patients using both sets of criteria. Blood test and biopsy data (collected by physicians) and slit-lamp, fundus, and fluorescein angiography data (collected by ophthalmologists) were reviewed. Results: Thirty-four patients were diagnosed using both criteria. Of 32 patients who underwent biopsies, 31 had OS (96.87%). Using either set of criteria, 31 patients were diagnosed with definite OS and two with presumed OS. One patient diagnosed with possible OS using the previous criteria was diagnosed with presumed OS using the revised criteria. The new criteria add the lysozyme level, the CD4/CD8 ratio, and positron emission tomography imaging data to the old criteria and add the descriptors “presumed OS” and “probable OS”. There is no need to use the revised criteria in Korea; the biopsy and imaging data are adequately diagnostic. Conclusions: IWOS revised the OS diagnostic criteria by adding new parameters. However, this was unnecessary for Korea, where the biopsy and imaging data are adequately diagnostic.
Prevalence of Ophthalmic Manifestations Related to Tourette Syndrome Based on Big Data
Authors: Jung Do Hee , Lee Soo Jung
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with Tourette syndrome using big data based on samples extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: The study participants included Korean patients under the age of 18 years who had received a Tourette syndrome diagnostic code (F95.2) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Ophthalmic manifestations reported to be related to Tourette syndrome such as tic disorder, blepharospasm, involuntary gaze abnormality, and strabismus were selected as ophthalmic clinical diagnostic codes; amblyopia and refractive errors that had never been investigated in conjunction with Tourette syndrome were also selected. Prevalence was investigated using big data. Results: A total of 3,643 Tourette syndrome patients (2,777 men and 866 women) were included in the study. The number of patients receiving a tic disorder diagnostic code was 3,643 (100%); blepharospasm, 48 (1.3%); involuntary gaze abnormalities, 9 (0.2%); and strabismus, 109 (3%). In addition, the number of patients receiving an amblyopia diagnostic code was 29 (0.8%), and the number of patients with a refractive errors code was 1,306 (35.8%). Conclusions: Tourette syndrome can be accompanied by several ophthalmic manifestations. Thus, cooperation between a neuropsychiatrist and an ophthalmologist, and regular ophthalmological examinations, are considered necessary.
A Case of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation Presenting as Isolated Myositis of the Inferior Oblique Muscle
Authors: Kim Gee-Hyun , Park Mi-Ra
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To report a case of idiopathic orbital inflammation presenting with isolated myositis of the inferior oblique muscle. Case summary: A 54‐year‐old man presented with swelling on the left lower lid, pain on superonasal and inferonasal gaze, and binocular diplopia for 2 months. His head was tilted to the right by about 5° and mild conjunctival injection and 3 mm narrowing of palpebral fissure of the left eye compared to the other eye were observed. Eight prism diopter (PD) left hypertropia and 4 PD intermittent esotropia were noted on primary gaze, which worsened on leftward gaze, downward gaze, and left head tilt. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enhanced hypertrophy of the left inferior oblique muscle. Systemic work‐up for possible inflammatory diseases yielded negative results. Therefore, a presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic isolated myositis of the left inferior oblique muscle was made. The patient was treated with 60 mg of oral corticosteroid per day for the first week, and the dose was tapered for 1 month as the symptoms reduced. Two months later, the patient became free from any symptoms and follow-up orbital MRI showed a significant decrease in size of the left inferior oblique muscle. There have been no signs of recurrence for 7 months. Conclusions: A presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic isolated myositis of the inferior oblique muscle was made in a patient with swelling of the left lower lid and binocular diplopia based on orbital MRI and systemic work‐up. Good results were achieved with oral corticosteroid therapy.
Лучшие практики обучения работе с данными: опыт зарубежных университетских библиотек и центров
Authors: Маслова Анастасия Васильевна
Published: September 2021

На сегодняшний день не осталось сомнений в том, что в исследовательском сообществе растет потребность в работе с данными. Однако, помимо самих данных, исследователям нужна дополнительная поддержка, ведь процесс планирования, сбора, обмена, хранения данных также требует усилий и средств. Сейчас существует несколько международных центров и библиотечных инициатив, которые помогают исследователям организовать правильный процесс работы с данными. Многие из них выходят на крупные образовательные площадки и делятся своим опытом. В данном тексте рассмотрим лучшие практики и инициативы по обучению работы с данными, которые предлагают ведущие исследовательские центры и университеты, профессиональные онлайн курсы по менеджменту данных в академической среде.
Комплектование библиотечного фонда: логистический подход
Authors: Милюнец Антонина Чеславовна
Published: September 2021

Представлен краткий обзор термина «библиотекарь-комплектатор». Теоретически обоснован логистический подход комплектования библиотечного фонда. Обозначены пути разрешения логистических конфликтов в комплектовании библиотечного фонда.
Безумный 20-й год. Библиотеки в новых условиях
Authors: Кулаженко Владимир Геннадьевич
Published: September 2021

Проанализирован характер изменений внешней среды и набор кризисов, переживаемых библиотеками в условиях распространения пандемии. Изучено их влияние на образовательный процесс, персонал, информационные ресурсы. Приведены новые подходы к управлению персоналом и коллекциями вузовских библиотек в условиях коренных изменений.
Enabling the potential of hybrid electric propulsion through lean-burn-combustion turbofans
Authors: Vouros Stavros , Kavvalos Mavroudis , Sahoo Smruti , Kyprianidis Konstantinos
Published: September 2021

Hybrid-electric propulsion has emerged as a promising technology to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of civil aviation. Boosting conventional gas turbines with electric power improves mission performance and operability. In this work the impact of electrification on pollutant emissions and direct operating cost of geared turbofan configurations is evaluated for an 150-passenger aircraft. A baseline two-and-a-half-shaft geared turbofan, representative of year 2035 entry-into-service technology, is employed. Parallel hybridization is implemented through coupling a battery-powered electric motor to the engine low-speed shaft. A multi-disciplinary design space exploration framework is employed comprising modelling methods for multi-point engine design, aircraft sizing, performance and pollutant emissions, mission and economic analysis. A probabilistic approach is developed considering uncertainties in the evaluation of direct operating cost. Sensitivities to electrical power system technology levels, as well as fuel price and emissions taxation are quantified at different time-frames. The benefits of lean direct injection are explored along short-, medium-, and long-range missions, demonstrating 32% NOx savings compared to traditional rich-burn, quick-mix, lean-burn technologies in short-range operations. The impact of electrification on the enhancement of lean direct injection benefits is investigated. For hybrid-electric powerplants, the take-off-to-cruise turbine entry temperature ratio is 2.5% lower than the baseline, extending the corresponding NOx reductions to the level of 46% in short-range missions. This work sheds light on the environmental and economic potential and limitations of a hybrid-electric propulsion concept towards a greener and sustainable civil aviation.
Building walls
Authors: Horton Paul
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
The Off-Targets of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Gene Editing
Authors: Vicente Manuel M. , Chaves-Ferreira Miguel , Jorge João M. P. , Proença João T. , Barreto Vasco M.
Published: September 2021

The repurposing of the CRISPR/Cas bacterial defense system against bacteriophages as simple and flexible molecular tools has revolutionized the field of gene editing. These tools are now widely used in basic research and clinical trials involving human somatic cells. However, a global moratorium on all clinical uses of human germline editing has been proposed because the technology still lacks the required efficacy and safety. Here we focus on the approaches developed since 2013 to decrease the frequency of unwanted mutations (the off-targets) during CRISPR-based gene editing.
Wild-Type p53-Induced Phosphatase 1 Plays a Positive Role in Hematopoiesis in the Mouse Embryonic Head
Authors: He Wenyan , Zhang Ying , Cao Zhan , Ye Zehua , Lu Xun , Fan Junwan , Peng Wei , Li Zhuan
Published: September 2021

The first adult repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are found in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, which are produced from hemogenic endothelial cells. Embryonic head is the other site for HSC development. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) is a type-2Cδ family serine/threonine phosphatase involved in various cellular processes such as lymphoid development and differentiation of adult HSCs. Most recently, we have shown that Wip1 modulates the pre-HSC maturation in the AGM region. However, it is not clear whether Wip1 regulates hematopoiesis in the embryonic head. Here we reported that disruption of Wip1 resulted in a decrease of hematopoietic progenitor cell number in the embryonic head. In vivo transplantation assays showed a reduction of HSC function after Wip1 ablation. We established that Wip1 deletion reduced the frequency and cell number of microglia in the embryonic head. Further observations revealed that Wip1 absence enhanced the gene expression of microglia-derived pro-inflammatory factors. Thus, it is likely that Wip1 functions as a positive regulator in HSC development by regulating the function of microglia in the embryonic head.