bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Syntheses of Masked β‐Amino Acid Containing Phthalides
Authors: Serusi Lorenzo , Zebrowski Paul , Schörgenhumer Johannes , Massa Antonio , Waser Mario
Published: September 2022

We herein report a protocol for the asymmetric aldol‐initiated cascade addition of isoxazolidin‐5‐ones to ortho‐cyanobenzaldehydes by using Takemoto’s bifunctional organocatalyst. This approach allows for the synthesis of various novel β2,2‐amino acid‐phthalide conjugates with good enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities in reasonable yields and the further ring‐opening of these compounds to acyclic carboxylic acid derivatives was demonstrated too.
Comprehensive analysis of fifteen hub genes to identify a promising diagnostic model, regulated networks, and immune cell infiltration in acute kidney injury
Authors: Sun Tao , Cao Ying , Huang Tiancha , Sang Yiwen , Dai Yibei , Tao Zhihua
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury is a common clinical problem with no sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers and definitive treatments. The underlying molecular mechanisms of acute kidney injury are unclear. Therefore, it is pivotal to explore the underlying mechanisms and screen for novel diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

Methods

The present study identified 15 hub genes by WGCNA analysis. LASSO‐based logistic regression analysis was used to select key features and construct a diagnostic model of AKI. In addition, GO and KEGG analyses were performed and TF‐mRNA and miRNA‐mRNA network analysis and immune infiltration analysis of hub genes were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of AKI.

Results

A diagnostic model was constructed by LASSO‐based logistic regression analysis and was validated by RT‐qPCR based on 15 hub genes. GO and KEGG analyses revealed DEGs were enriched in oxidation–reduction process, cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and metabolic process. The enriched TFs were BRD2, EP300, ETS1, MYC, SPI1, and ZNF263. The enriched miRNAs were miR‐181c‐5p, miR‐218‐5p, miR‐485‐5p, miR‐532‐5p and miR‐6884‐5p. The immune infiltration analysis showed that Macrophages M2 was decreasing significantly revealing a protective factor for further AKI treatment.

Conclusions

The present study identified 15 hub genes based on WGCNA. Development and validation of a potentially diagnostic model based on 15 hub genes. In addition, exploring the interaction between transcriptional factors and 15 hub genes, and miRNA‐mRNA relationship pairs. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was performed by analyzing gene expression profiles of AKI. Our study provides some basis for further experimental studies.
Molecular mechanisms, physiological roles, and therapeutic implications of ion fluxes in bone cells: Emphasis on the cation‐Cl− cotransporters
Authors: Garneau Alexandre P. , Slimani Samira , Haydock Ludwig , Nsimba‐Batomene Thy‐René , Préfontaine Florence C.M. , Lavoie Mathilde M. , Tremblay Laurence E. , Fiola Marie‐Jeanne , Mac‐Way Fabrice , Isenring Paul
Published: September 2022

Bone turnover diseases are exceptionally prevalent in human and come with a high burden on physical health. While these diseases are associated with a variety of risk factors and causes, they are all characterized by common denominators, that is, abnormalities in the function or number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and/or osteocytes. As such, much effort has been deployed in the recent years to understand the signaling mechanisms of bone cell proliferation and differentiation with the objectives of exploiting the intermediates involved as therapeutic preys. Ion transport systems at the external and in the intracellular membranes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts also play an important role in bone turnover by coordinating the movement of Ca2+, PO42−, and H+ ions in and out of the osseous matrix. Even if they sustain the terminal steps of osteoformation and osteoresorption, they have been the object of very little attention in the last several years. Members of the cation‐Cl− cotransporter (CCC) family are among the systems at work as they are expressed in bone cells, are known to affect the activity of Ca2+‐, PO42−‐, and H+‐dependent transport systems and have been linked to bone mass density variation in human. In this review, the roles played by the CCCs in bone remodeling will be discussed in light of recent developments and their potential relevance in the treatment of skeletal disorders.
Orientation‐based edge‐colorings and linear arboricity of multigraphs
Authors: Wdowinski Ronen
Published: September 2022

The Goldberg–Seymour Conjecture for ‐colorings states that the ‐chromatic index of a loopless multigraph is essentially determined by either a weighted maximum degree or a weighted maximum density parameter. We introduce an oriented version of ‐colorings, where now each color class of the edge‐coloring is required to be orientable in such a way that every vertex has indegree and outdegree at most some specified values and . We prove that the associated ‐oriented chromatic index satisfies a Goldberg–Seymour formula. We then present simple applications of this result to variations of ‐colorings. In particular, we show that the Linear Arboricity Conjecture holds for ‐degenerate loopless multigraphs when the maximum degree is at least , improving a recent bound by Chen, Hao, and Yu for simple graphs. Finally, we demonstrate that the ‐oriented chromatic index is always equal to its list coloring analogue.
A model‐based estimate of nitrate leaching in Germany for GHG reporting
Authors: Eysholdt Max , Kunkel Ralf , Rösemann Claus , Wendland Frank , Wolters Tim , Zinnbauer Maximilian , Fuß Roland
Published: September 2022

Background

Conversion of leached and runoff nitrate (NO3–) from agricultural land into emissions of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) by denitrification in water bodies has to be reported in national GHG inventories. The global IPCC default methodology for estimating these indirect N2O emissions assumes that a fixed fraction of nitrogen (N) inputs (Fracleach) is lost through leaching and runoff. However, this method does not consider all relevant country‐specific conditions that may influence NO3– leaching.

Aims

The aim of this study was to apply a model‐based approach for estimating indirect N2O emissions through NO3– leaching and runoff from agricultural soils for use in Germany's national GHG inventory.

Methods

High‐resolution spatial data and a comprehensive model system (RAUMIS‐mGROWA‐DENUZ) were used to derive regionally differentiated and temporarily dynamic Fracleach values from N surplus and hydrogeological conditions. These were then used to estimate indirect N2O emissions in accordance with the IPCC methodology.

Results

The nationwide average of the new implied Fracleach values was 0.099 kg N (kg N input)−1 in 2019. The new estimate of indirect N2O emissions was 10.4 Gg N2O in 1990 and 5.7 Gg N2O in 2019, which are 27 and 52% less than the calculation based on the 2006 IPCC Tier 1 methodology.

Conclusions

The model‐based method for estimating Fracleach incorporates relevant factors that influence NO3– leaching and runoff and considers site‐specific, spatially varying conditions and differences in the agrarian structure. The use of N surplus as the model driver allows annual changes in cropping conditions and the effects of N‐regulating policies and mitigation measures to be represented.
Treatment of Nevus of Ota in Black patients with the 1064 nm QS or picosecond laser and nonablative fractional photothermolysis
Authors: Kubicki Shelby L. , Guo Emily L. , Richmond Heather , Friedman Paul M.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Nevus of Ota is a benign melanocytic lesion that presents as a unilateral blue gray to brown facial patch favoring the distribution of the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. Incidence is highest in Asian and Black populations, however, the overwhelming majority of studies are limited to diagnosis and treatment in Asian patients. We herein present 10 Black patients with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) V and VI who underwent laser treatment for Nevus of Ota.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of Black patients presenting with Nevus of Ota. Race was self‐designated by all patients and documented in the medical record at the time of initial consultation. Primary outcomes were based on improvement using before and after photographs which were graded by three independent board‐certified dermatologists using a 5‐point visual analog scale.

Results

Ten FST V or VI patients with an age range of 9 months to 45 years were treated for Nevus of Ota. All patients were treated with the 1064 nm Q‐switched neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) and on average received 4.7 treatments at 2–10 month intervals. Fluence ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 J/cm2, and total pulse count ranged from 510.9 to 776.6. 2/10 patients were additionally treated with 1550 nm nonablative fractional resurfacing (NAFR), and 1/10 patients underwent combination therapy with both NAFR and 1064 nm picosecond laser therapy. Overall, patients saw a mean improvement of 51%–75% at follow‐up 5–254 weeks (mean 51.5 weeks) after treatment. Three patients experienced mild guttate hypopigmentation in treated areas. No other long‐term adverse events were encountered.

Conclusion

1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser therapy is a safe and efficacious treatment for Nevus of Ota in patients with FST V and VI. When patient improvement plateaus, combining therapy with 1550 nm NAFR or transitioning to 1064 nm picosecond laser may be of benefit. Patients should be counseled on the risk of guttate hypopigmentation. This is the largest case series to date of Black patients with Nevus of Ota, highlighting the need for further investigation to determine optimal device settings and treatment parameters for this population.
CRISIS, CHANGE, AND THE ROLE OF THE EMERGING LEADER
Authors: George Bill
Published: September 2022

The author recounts various aspects of his long career as CEO/Chief Executive Officer of the medical device company Medtronic, and describes his True North concept. He also describes the leadership transition in today’s organizations to new generations. He believes that the old style of leadership is “rapidly being replaced by leaders with high levels of emotional intelligence who are committed to empowering people to reach their full potential.” For additional context, he provides quotes from Ralph Lauren CEO Patrice Louvet, OneTrust founder Kabir Barday, former Kroger CEO Dave Dillon, and Levi Strauss CEO Chip Bergh. The author describes former Merck CEO Ken Frazier as an exemplar of “taking great personal risks that require moral courage.” A chart compares characteristics of 20th and 21st century leaders. For instance, in Philosophy, the 20th century way was command‐and‐control, whereas now it is authentic leadership. Within Motivation; before it was self‐interest; now it is the institutions’ best interest. For personal measurement, 20th century was external validation; 21st century is intrinsic contribution. The author concludes: “In today’s complex world, we need emerging leaders to step up to the challenges to lead with their hearts, not just their heads, to make this world better for everyone.”
Impaired kidney function biomarkers and risk of severe COVID‐19: Analysis of population‐based cohort data
Authors: Lin Yifei , Ma Baoshan , Yang Yingxi , Chen Yuxiang , Huang Jin , Li Weimin , Yu Xueqing , Liang Liming
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with impaired kidney function were found at a high risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization and mortality in many observational, cross‐sectional, and hospital‐based studies, but evidence from large‐scale prospective cohorts has been lacking. We aimed to examine the association of kidney function‐related biomarkers and their genetic predisposition with the risk of developing severe COVID‐19 in population‐based data.

Methods

We analyzed data from UK Biobank to examine the prospective association of abnormal kidney function biomarkers with severe COVID‐19, defined by laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 hospitalizations. Using genotype data, we constructed polygenic risk scores (PRS) to represent an individual's overall genetic risk for these biomarkers. We also identified tipping points where the risk of severe COVID‐19 began to increase significantly for each biomarker.

Results

Of the 502,506 adults, 1650 (0.32%) were identified as severe COVID‐19, before August 12, 2020. High levels of cystatin C (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2–1.5; FDR = 1.5 × 10−5), serum creatinine (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.1; p = 3.5 × 10−4; FDR = 3.5 × 10−4), microalbuminuria (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.6; FDR = 4 × 10−4), and UACR (urinary albumin creatinine ratio; OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.6; p = 3.5 × 10−4; FDR = 3.5 × 10−4) were found significantly associated with severe COVID‐19. Individuals with top 10% of PRS for elevated cystatin C, urate, and microalbuminuria had 28% to 43% higher risks of severe COVID‐19 than individuals with bottom 30% PRS (p < 0.05). Tipping‐point analyses further supported that severe COVID‐19 could occur even when the values of cystatin C, urate (male), and microalbuminuria were within their normal value ranges (OR >1.1, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Findings from this study might point to new directions for clinicians and policymakers in optimizing risk‐stratification among patients based on polygenic risk estimation and tipping points of kidney function markers. Our results call for further investigation to develop a better strategy to prevent severe COVID‐19 outcomes among patients with genetic predisposition to impaired kidney function. These findings could provide a new tool for clinicians and policymakers in the future especially if we need to live with COVID‐19 for a long time.
Dynamical behavior and density function analysis of a stochastic HIV/AIDS model with general incidence rate
Authors: Zhang Xinhong , Yang Qing , Wang Yan
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we mainly present the dynamic properties of a stochastic SICA model with general incidence rate. Through rigorous analysis and reasoning of the stochastic model, we obtain that the solution of the model is global, positive, and unique. By constructing the threshold value
, which includes the influence of white noise, we obtain a sufficient condition for the ergodicity of this model. Furthermore, we show that the model has a unique ergodic stationary distribution while
by adopting a novel method. The extinction of the system is also established. Besides, the expression of probability density function of the stochastic model with bilinear incidence rate around the unique stable positive equilibrium of the deterministic model is derived. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Fuzzy FMEA in risk assessment for test and calibration laboratories
Authors: Testik Ozlem Muge , Unlu Ezgi Tok
Published: September 2022

In this study, it is aimed to compare traditional and fuzzy FMEA in identifying areas that may pose risks and need improvement in Test and Calibration Laboratories. Within this scope, FMEA is used in ranking the possible risks. One hundred ninety‐nine failures are detected in 91 inspections, carried out in the Test and Calibration Laboratories. Since FMEA uses experts’ evaluations, which are considered subjective, fuzzy logic is implemented to the approach where the evaluations are presented with linguistic variables. The comparison of FMEA and fuzzy FMEA showed that there exists a high correlation between these two analyses and the order of priority based on the Fuzzy Risk Priority Number calculation is overlapping with the Risk Priority Number sequence. Fuzzy FMEA can also be considered when the evaluations are not trustworthy or incomplete. Therefore, this study can be addressed as an example of how fuzzy implementation to FMEA substantially be used instead of traditional FMEA when there exist qualitative, subjective or incomplete evaluations, or in cases where traditional FMEA has troubles in practice.
From Triboelectric Nanogenerator to Multifunctional Triboelectric Sensors: A Chemical Perspective toward the Interface Optimization and Device Integration
Authors: Xiang Huijing , Zeng Yuanming , Huang Xiaomin , Wang Ning , Cao Xia , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have intrigued scientists for their potential to alleviate the energy shortage crisis and facilitate self‐powered sensors. Triboelectric interfaces containing triboelectric functionalized molecular groups and tunable surface charge densities are important for improving the electrical output capability of TENGs and the versatility of future electronics. In this review, following an introduction to the fundamental progress of TENG systems for mechanic energy harvesting, surface modifications that aim to increase the surface charge density and functionality are highlighted, with an emphasis on interfacial chemical modification and triboelectric energetics/dynamics optimization for efficient electrostatic induction and charge transfer. Recent advances in assemblies of multifunctional triboelectric sensing are briefly introduced, and future challenges and chemical perspectives in the field of TENG‐based electronics are concisely reviewed. This review presents and advances the understanding of the state‐of‐the‐art chemical strategies toward rational triboelectric interface engineering and system assembly and is expected to guide the rational design of highly efficient and versatile triboelectric sensing.
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Functionalization of Isocyanides
Authors: Gu Qingyun , Cheng Zhenfeng , Qiu Xiaodong , Zeng Xiaobao
Published: September 2022

Isocyanides are well‐known as efficient CO surrogates and C1 synthons in modern organic synthesis. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to fully exploiting the reactivity of isocyanides, these transformations are primarily limited by their utilization of stoichiometric toxic chemical oxidants. With the recent resurgence of organic electrochemistry, which has considerably laid dormant over the past several decades, electrolysis has been identified as a green and powerful tool to enrich structural diversity by solely utilizing electric current as clean and inherently safe redox equivalents of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. In this regard, the unique reactivity of isocyanides has been studied in numerous electrochemical transformations. This review comprehensively highlights the most relevant progress in electrochemical strategies towards the functionalization of isocyanides up until June of 2022, with a focus on reaction outcomes and mechanisms.
Successful medical management of an acute life‐threatening haemorrhagic crisis related to acquired colonic vascular ectasia in a dog
Authors: Paulin Mathieu Victor , Cosford Kevin , Sato‐Takada Kanae , Koo Siu To , Carr Anthony
Published: September 2022

A 7‐year‐old, neutered, male miniature pinscher was presented with a 36‐hour history of acute life‐threatening haematochezia and severe anaemia (haematocrit 4.9%). A diagnosis of acquired colonic vascular ectasia was ultimately made from the characteristic gross morphologic vascular abnormalities visualised during colonoscopy. A combination ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate tablet was prescribed. On recheck 6 weeks after starting hormone therapy, the patient had not had haematochezia for the previous 4 weeks (haematocrit 34%). On the recheck visit 12 months after starting hormone therapy, haematocrit was within reference range (50%) and the patient had not had diarrhoea or haematochezia for the preceding 9 months. This is the first case report describing a successful medical management of an acute haemorrhagic crisis related to acquired colonic vascular ectasia without endoscopic‐assisted argon therapy or colectomy.
Introduction to Design, Delivery, and Assessment in ODDE : Theories, Research, and Practices to Guide ODDE Design and Assessment
Authors: West Richard E.
Published: September 2022

This chapter overviews the 14 chapters in Section VI of theHandbook,which are focused on the design, delivery, and assessment of open, online, and digital learning. While the chapters address a wide variety of factors relevant to ODDE, I discuss several common themes, including evidence for the effectiveness of ODDE, standards to guide effective ODDE design, assessment and credentialing of ODDE learning, and the need for future research to move beyond studying individual factors (micro level) in higher education. Finally, I conclude with a call to how we can design the future of ODDE, including first, seeking to understand systemic nature of learning; second, embracing the sociocultural nature of learning, and third, utilizing the full repertoire of diverse scholarship methods to develop knowledge in our field.
Usefulness of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for predicting late complications in patients with choledochal cysts
Authors: Kawaguchi Yunosuke , Terui Keita , Komatsu Shugo , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Shibata Ryohei , Yoshizawa Hiroko , Hirokawa Tomoya , Nakatani Erika , Hishiki Tomoro
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a minimally invasive imaging method that evaluates bile flow dynamics. At our hospital, it has been performed for postoperative evaluation of patients with choledochal cysts (CC). This study evaluated the usefulness of biliary scintigraphy for predicting late complications in patients with CCs.

Methods

The study included pediatric patients with CC who underwent surgery at Chiba University Hospital from 1978 to 2020, followed by postoperative biliary scintigraphy and subsequent radiologic evaluation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of “biliary cholestasis” on biliary scintigraphy.

Results

The study included 108 patients, with a median age at surgery of 2 years and 11 months. The median follow-up period was 5203 days, with 11 hepatolithiasis cases and 8 cholangitis cases. No patients had cholangiocarcinoma. Twelve patients were considered to have “cholestasis” following biliary scintigraphy evaluation. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hepatolithiasis between the cholestasis and non-cholestasis groups (p = 0.47), but cholangitis was significantly more common in the cholestasis group (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Biliary cholestasis on postoperative hepatobiliary scintigraphy was a risk factor for cholangitis in patients with CCs. These particular patients should be monitored carefully.
Katatonia 1599?
Authors: Watzka Carlos
Published: September 2022

Ausgehend von der methodologischen Fragestellung nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen „retrospektiver Diagnostik“ wird in diesem Beitrag das Fallbeispiel der zeitgenössisch als „dämonische Besessenheit“ interpretierten Erkrankung der Maria Eichhorn im Jahre 1599 präsentiert. Die in einer handschriftlichen Darstellung eines der beteiligten Exorzisten geschilderte Symptomatik wäre in moderner psychopathologischer Terminologie wohl als „katatones Syndrom“ zu fassen: Berichtet werden längere Phasen von Stupor, die mit enormer Agitation abwechseln, weiters Gewichtsverlust und Echolalie. Die zeitgenössische Behandlung der sozial distinguierten Patientin bestand, neben der „geistlichen Arznei“ der Exorzismen, auch in ärztlicher Medikation über etliche Wochen, bei außerfamiliärer Unterbringung. Nach 3–4 Monaten galt die Kranke als genesen. Die Darstellung dieser Geschichte durch Hofkaplan Knorr von Rosenrodt hatte deklariert propagandistische Zwecke, was bei der Deutungsarbeit unbedingt zu berücksichtigen ist, den Text als medizin- und kulturhistorische Quelle aber keineswegs unbrauchbar macht.
Asymptotic analysis of a nonlinear stochastic eco-epidemiological system with feedback control
Authors: Zhang Sheng-qiang , Meng Xin-zhu
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a new stochastic eco-epidemiological model with nonlinear incidence rate and feedback controls. First, we prove that the stochastic system has a unique global positive solution. Second, by constructing a series of appropriate stochastic Lyapunov functions, the asymptotic behaviors around the equilibria of deterministic model are obtained, and we demonstrate that the stochastic system exists a stationary Markov process. Third, the conditions for persistence in the mean and extinction of the stochastic system are established. Finally, we carry out some numerical simulations with respect to different stochastic parameters to verify our analytical results. The obtained results indicate that the stochastic perturbations and feedback controls have crucial effects on the survivability of system.
La paratiroidectomia radioguidata: quando e come
Authors: Urso Luca , Bartolomei Mirco , Panareo Stefano
Published: September 2022

Sommario

L’iperparatiroidismo primario è un comune disordine endocrinologico che trova nella chirurgia l’unica possibilità di guarigione. La possibilità di attuare tecniche chirurgiche mini-invasive ha ridotto enormemente le complicanze post-chirurgiche dei pazienti con iperparatiroidismo primario. Negli ultimi anni la diffusione delle tecniche di chirurgia radioguidata ha portato diversi centri a effettuare procedure di paratiroidectomia radioguidata, mediante iniezione preoperatoria di 99mTc-sestamibi, in genere riservate a pazienti con scintigrafia positiva. Nuove tecniche chirurgiche di tipo Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization (ROLL-like) e di chirurgia PET-guidata rappresentano potenziali ulteriori miglioramenti di questa procedura.
Weight regain: il recupero del peso dopo chirurgia bariatrica. Quali strategie?
Authors: Busetto Luca , Bettini Silvia , Pontesilli Giulia Maria
Published: September 2022

Sommario

La chirurgia bariatrica risulta essere a tutt’oggi la modalità di trattamento più efficace nell’indurre e mantenere un significativo calo ponderale e un miglioramento delle comorbidità nei pazienti con obesità grave o complicata. La chirurgia bariatrica presenta tuttavia anche rischi, effetti collaterali e complicazioni nel breve e nel lungo termine, e non è inoltre esente dal rischio di recupero ponderale. Il recupero ponderale è possibile dopo qualsiasi di procedura di chirurgia bariatrica ed è probabilmente causato, almeno in parte, dagli stessi meccanismi biologici che lo determinano dopo terapia medica dell’obesità. Una intensificazione degli interventi comportamentali sullo stile di vita (nutrizione e attività fisica) può avere un ruolo nella prevenzione del recupero ponderale dopo chirurgia bariatrica. L’utilizzo dei farmaci anti-obesità nel paziente bariatrico con insufficiente calo di peso o recupero ponderale appare una opzione promettente nel cercare di ridurre il ricorso alla chirurgia di revisione, anche se non sono al momento disponibili trial randomizzati controllati ad hoc.
Zur Schnittmenge von Informatik mit Friedens- und Sicherheitsforschung: Erfahrungen aus der interdisziplinären Lehre in der Friedensinformatik
Authors: Reuter Christian , Riebe Thea , Haunschild Jasmin , Reinhold Thomas , Schmid Stefka
Published: September 2022

Interdisziplinäre Forschung und Lehre zwischen Informatik sowie Friedens- und Sicherheitsforschung ist vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung möglicher Konflikte im Cyberspace unabdingbar. Auch wenn sowohl in der einen als auch der anderen Disziplin zahlreiche etablierte Lehrveranstaltungen und Lehrbücher existieren, gilt dies nicht für deren Schnittmenge. Dieser Beitrag reflektiert die Einführung der in Bezug auf Thematik und Hörerschaft interdisziplinären Lehrveranstaltung „Informationstechnologie für Frieden und Sicherheit“ für Studierende der Informatik, IT-Sicherheit und Wirtschaftsinformatik der Technischen Universität Darmstadt sowie Friedens- und Konfliktforschung der TU Darmstadt in Kooperation mit der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. Hierbei werden Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze der interdisziplinären Lehre dargestellt und die Bedeutung dieser Lehre hervorgehoben.
Effect of biochar application method and amount on the soil quality and maize yield in Mollisols of Northeast China
Authors: Yan Sihua , Zhang Shaoliang , Yan Pengke , Aurangzeib Muhammad
Published: September 2022

There have been many studies on soil quality and crop yield using different biochar application amounts, but few studies have focused on the combination of different methods and amounts of biochar application in moderately degraded Mollisols. In this study, the methods of mixing biochar evenly with the soil of the plough layer (0–20 cm depth) [homogeneous biochar application (HO)] and burying biochar above the soil plow pan (under 20 cm depth) (heterogeneous biochar application (HE)) were used to reveal how biochar application methods influenced soil quality, crop yield and agronomic characteristics in moderately degraded Mollisols (soil organic matter (SOM), 30.33 g kg−1). The biochar application amounts were 0 (control), 10 (level 1), 20 (level 2), and 40 (level 3) t ha−1 in both the HO and HE treatments. The results showed that, compared with control, HO3 significantly increased maize yield in the first year, and HO2, HO3, HE2 and HE3 continuously increased maize yield in the next three years but not significantly. HO1 and HE1 had the lowest maize yield. HO2 tended to delay maize leaf senescence. There was a positive linear relationship between soil quality index (SQI) and biochar application amount in HO. Compared with other treatments, the pH, EC, SOM, available phosphorus, sucrase and catalase activities were highest in HO3. However, the effects of HE on soil quality and crop productivity were limited at first but gradually increased with time. Overall, HO3 was beneficial for improving the soil quality and crop productivity in Mollisols for short-term cultivation (3-year), while HE showed an effect over time.

Graphical Abstract
Ethics in human–AI teaming: principles and perspectives
Authors: Pflanzer Michael , Traylor Zachary , Lyons Joseph B. , Dubljević Veljko , Nam Chang S.
Published: September 2022

Ethical considerations are the fabric of society, and they foster cooperation, help, and sacrifice for the greater good. Advances in AI create a greater need to examine ethical considerations involving the development and implementation of such systems. Integrating ethics into artificial intelligence-based programs is crucial for preventing negative outcomes, such as privacy breaches and biased decision making. Human–AI teaming (HAIT) presents additional challenges, as the ethical principles and moral theories that provide justification for them are not yet computable by machines. To that effect, models of human judgments and decision making, such as the agent-deed-consequence (ADC) model, will be crucial to inform the ethical guidance functions in AI team mates and to clarify how and why humans (dis)trust machines. The current paper will examine the ADC model as it is applied to the context of HAIT, and the challenges associated with the use of human-centric ethical considerations when applied to an AI context.
New aggregation functions for spherical fuzzy sets and the spherical fuzzy distance within the MULTIMOORA method with applications
Authors: Sharaf Iman Mohamad
Published: September 2022

This article develops a novel approach for multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) using spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to obtain proper evaluations. SFSs surpass Pythagorean and intuitionistic fuzzy sets in modeling human cognition since the degree of hesitation is expressed explicitly in a three-dimensional space. In the spherical fuzzy environment, the implementation of the MULTIMOORA encounters two major problems in the aggregation operators and the distance measures that might lead to erroneous results. The extant aggregation operators in some cases can result in a biased evaluation. Therefore, two aggregation functions for SFSs are proposed. These functions guarantee balanced evaluation and avoid false ranking. In the reference point technique, when comparing SFSs, being closer to the ideal solution does not necessarily imply an SFS with a better score. To make up for this drawback, two reference points are employed instead of one, and the distance is not expressed as a crisp value but as an SFS instead. To overcome the disadvantages of the dominance theory in large-scale applications, the results of the three techniques are aggregated to get the overall utility on which the ranking is based. The illustration and validation of the proposed spherical fuzzy MULTIMOORA are examined through two applications, personnel selection, and energy storage technologies selection. The results are compared with the results of other methods to explicate the adequacy of the proposed method and validate the results.
Scalability and robustness of feed yard mortality prediction modeling to improve profitability
Authors: Feuz Ryan , Feuz Kyle , Gradner Jeffrey , Theurer Miles , Johnson Myriah
Published: September 2022

Cattle feed yards routinely track and collect data for individual calves throughout the feeding period. Using such operational data from nine U.S. feed yards for the years 2016–2019, we evaluated the scalability and economic viability of using machine learning classifier predicted mortality as a culling decision aid. The expected change in net return per head when using the classifier predictions as a culling aid as compared to the status quo culling protocol for calves having been pulled at least once for bovine respiratory disease was simulated. This simulated change in net return ranged from −$1.61 to $19.46/head. Average change in net return and standard deviation for the nine feed yards in this study was $6.31/head and $7.75/head, respectively.
Non-human contributions to personality neuroscience – from fish through primates. An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lages Yury V. , McNaughton Neil
Published: September 2022

The most fundamental emotional systems that show trait control are evolutionarily old and extensively conserved. Psychology in general has benefited from non-human neuroscience and from the analytical simplicity of behaviour in those with simpler nervous systems. It has been argued that integration between personality, psychopathology, and neuroscience is particularly promising if we are to understand the neurobiology of human experience. Here, we provide some general arguments for a non-human approach being at least as productive in relation to personality, psychopathology, and their interface. Some early personality theories were directly linked to psychopathology (e.g., Eysenck, Panksepp, and Cloninger). They shared a common interest in brain systems that naturally led to the use of non-human data; behavioural, neural, and pharmacological. In Eysenck’s case, this also led to the selective breeding, at the Maudsley Institute, of emotionally reactive and non-reactive strains of rat as models of trait neuroticism or trait emotionality. Dimensional personality research and categorical approaches to clinical disorder then drifted apart from each other, from neuropsychology, and from non-human data. Recently, the conceptualizations of both healthy personality and psychopathology have moved towards a common hierarchical trait perspective. Indeed, the proposed two sets of trait dimensions appear similar and may even be eventually the same. We provide, here, an introduction to this special issue of Personality Neuroscience, where the authors provide overviews of detailed areas where non-human data inform human personality and its psychopathology or provide explicit models for translation to human neuroscience. Once all the papers in the issue have appeared, we will also provide a concluding summary of them.
Institutionalizing the autocratic penalty away: fiscal rules, autocracy, and sovereign financial market access
Authors: Aaskoven Lasse
Published: September 2022

The “democratic advantage” in access to credit markets has been vigorously researched. Recent research has found that this “autocratic disadvantage” can be partly countered by other factors. However, this research agenda has largely ignored an increasingly important type of institution of direct importance for national fiscal policy, fiscal rules. This article argues that fiscal rules alleviate the “autocratic disadvantage” in sovereign bond market access. This argument is tested on a dataset on fiscal rules and sovereign bond issuing data covering 121 countries from 1990 to 2015. The results provide substantial evidence in favor of the argument, autocracies with fiscal rules face no disadvantage in bond market access and might even be more likely to issue new government bonds than democracies.
Magnetic shape fabric analysis from syntectonic granites: a study based on the eigenvalue method
Authors: Acharyya Sankha Subhra , Mondal Tridib Kumar
Published: September 2022

We investigate the shape and strength of the magnetic fabrics (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data) of various massive granitic plutons from different parts of India, using the eigenvalue method. The study aims to analyse eigenvalues and establish their relationship with various deformational attributes. It involves: (1) calculating eigenvectors and their corresponding eigenvalues from magnetic fabric datasets; (2) finding a link between the geometrical appearance of eigenvectors and the mechanistic issues involved with a specific deformation scenario; and (3) determining shape and strength parameters from the magnetic foliation data distribution.

The statistical analysis for the unimodal magnetic fabric dataset of orthorhombic symmetry class implies that the plane, consisting of intermediate (V2) and minimum (V3) eigenvectors with pole V1, accurately traces the instantaneous stretching axis (ISAmax) of a particular material flow system under a pure shear regime. Moreover, for the distributions of similar symmetry and modality, we infer that the rotational characteristics of eigenvectors with respect to a fixed coordinate cause a distinct shift of such planes (V2–V3) from the ISAmax of a steady-state flow system under simple shear, where a substantial amount of rotational strain is involved. However, our findings also suggest that variation in symmetry and modality of magnetic fabric data distribution of different studied granitoids can directly influence the relative disposition of V2–V3 with respect to the direction of ISAmax. We conclude that eigenvalue analysis of magnetic fabrics is a powerful approach, which can be utilized while studying the salient deformational aspects of any syntectonic massive granitic body.
An algebraic approach to a quartic analogue of the Kontsevich model
Authors: SCHÜRMANN JÖRG , WULKENHAAR RAIMAR
Published: September 2022

We consider an analogue of Kontsevich’s matrix Airy function where the cubic potential
$\textrm{Tr}(\Phi^3)$
is replaced by a quartic term
$\textrm{Tr}\!\left(\Phi^4\right)$
. Cumulants of the resulting measure are known to decompose into cycle types for which a recursive system of equations can be established. We develop a new, purely algebraic geometrical solution strategy for the two initial equations of the recursion, based on properties of Cauchy matrices. These structures led in subsequent work to the discovery that the quartic analogue of the Kontsevich model obeys blobbed topological recursion.
Healthful and unhealthful provegetarian food patterns and micronutrient intake adequacy in the SUN cohort
Authors: Asfura-Carrasco Daniela , Santiago Susana , Zazpe Itziar , Gómez-Donoso Clara , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To investigate the association between different versions of a provegetarian food pattern (FP) and micronutrient inadequacy.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline through a validated 136-item FFQ. Participants were classified according to groups of different versions of a provegetarian FP: overall, healthful and unhealthful. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, folic acid, Zn, I, Se, Fe, Ca, K, P, Mg and Cr was evaluated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method and the probabilistic approach. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the probability of failing to meet EAR for either ≥ 3 or ≥ 6 micronutrients.

Setting:

Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort.

Participants:

17 825 Spanish adults.

Results:

Overall, subjects in the highest group of the unhealthful provegetarian FP had the highest prevalence of inadequate dietary intake for every vitamin and mineral, compared to those in the lowest group. The adjusted OR of failing to meet ≥ 3 EAR (highest v. lowest group) was 0·65 (0·54, 0·69) for the overall, 0·27 (0·24, 0·31) for the healthful and 9·04 (7·57, 10·4) for the unhealthful provegetarian FP.

Conclusion:

A higher adherence to an overall and healthful provegetarian FP was inversely associated with the risk of failing to meet EAR values, whereas the unhealthful version was directly associated with micronutrient inadequacy. Provegetarian FP should be well planned, prioritising nutrient-dense plant foods and minimising ultra-processed and unhealthy ones.
AGAINST SPANKING
Authors: Simpson James
Published: September 2022

In a recent article in this journal (THINK 54), Timothy Hsiao argues that spanking a misbehaving child is morally permissible on the grounds that it's what the child deserves. However, in this short article, I argue that Hsiao's argument in this connection is either obviously unsound or invalid.
MAKING SENSE OF THE RIGHT SIDE OF HISTORY
Authors: Smith Nicholas
Published: September 2022

This article explores arguments from ‘the right side of history’. These arguments are often interpreted as making an appeal to a trajectory which independently guides history. These arguments are often criticized on the grounds that history simply doesn't work that way. I offer an interpretation of right side of history arguments that does not rely on this sort of historical trajectory, and argue that even this version of the argument fails.
THE JOSEPH SAGA: TURNABOUTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND TRANSIENCE
Authors: Cahn Steven M.
Published: September 2022

Using the biblical saga of Joseph as an example, I maintain that turnabouts, trade-offs, and transience are endemic to the human condition.
Contesting Subjects: International Legal Discourses on Terrorism and Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights
Authors: YOUNG Stephen
Published: September 2022

International legal discourses clash in violent ways within the state. For example, the international discourse on human rights identifies some individuals who oppose state-sanctioned projects as Indigenous peoples while the international discourse about terrorism may identify them as terrorists. These clashes are occurring throughout the world, particularly surrounding extractive resource projects, but this article considers one example from the Philippines where some B'laan individuals and communities oppose the Tampakan Copper-Gold Mine, and examines how various actors identify those individuals and communities. It explores how some identify them as Indigenous peoples while others identify them as terrorists. In highlighting the violent effects of international law, it investigates how discourse inhibits appreciation of violent erasures and the continuing coloniality of extractive resource development.
Resonant Generation of an Alfvén Wave by a Substorm Injected Electron Cloud: A Van Allen Probe Case Study
Authors: Mikhailova Olga S. , Smotrova Ekaterina E. , Mager Pavel N.
Published: September 2022

We report the first observation of the resonant generation of an ultra‐low frequency wave by energetic elections in the magnetosphere. On 27 October 2012 in the morning side of the magnetosphere Van Allen Probe A registered an ULF wave with period of 100 s and an amplitude of 0.7 nT. A cloud of energetic electrons was observed simultaneously with the wave. It is established that the electron cloud was injected into the magnetosphere as a result of a substorm. Electron fluxes in several energy channels were modulated with the frequency of the observed wave. It is shown that these flux modulations are caused by the drift resonance of 38 keV electrons and the wave being a fundamental harmonic of an Alfvén mode with an azimuthal wavenumber m ∼ 110–115 propagating to the east, and generated through the gradient instability due to steep earthward density gradient of the resonant electrons.
Stratospheric Aerosol Composition Observed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Following the 2019 Raikoke Eruption
Authors: Boone Chris D. , Bernath Peter F. , Labelle Keith , Crouse Jeff
Published: September 2022

Infrared aerosol spectra derived from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment measurements following the June 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption are used to evaluate the composition of stratospheric aerosols in the Arctic. A blanket of aerosols, spanning an altitude range from the tropopause (8–11 km) to 20 km, persisted in the stratosphere over northern latitudes for many months. The aerosols within this blanket were almost exclusively sulfates. The percentage of sulfuric acid in the aerosols decreased over time, dropping below 50% H2SO4 concentration at some altitudes by March 2020. Contrary to previous reports, the aerosol blanket was not comprised of smoke particles.
AR-regulated ZIC5 contributes to the aggressiveness of prostate cancer
Authors: Tan Yi-Fan , Zhang Yang , Ge Sheng-Yang , Zhong Fan , Sun Chuan-Yu , Xia Guo-Wei
Published: September 2022

The mechanisms by which prostate cancer (PCa) progresses to the aggressive castration-resistant stage remain uncertain. Zinc finger of the cerebellum 5 (ZIC5), a transcription factor belonging to the ZIC family, is involved in the pathology of various cancers. However, the potential effect of ZIC5 on PCa malignant progression has not been fully defined. Here, we show that ZIC5 is upregulated in PCa, particularly in metastatic lesions, in positive association with poor prognosis. Genetic inhibition of ZIC5 in PCa cells obviously attenuated invasion and metastasis and blunted the oncogenic properties of colony formation. Mechanistically, ZIC5 functioned as a transcription factor to promote TWIST1-mediated EMT progression or as a cofactor to strengthen the β-catenin-TCF4 association and stimulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, ZIC5 and the androgen receptor (AR) form a positive feed-forward loop to mutually stimulate each other’s expression. AR, in cooperation with its steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3), increased ZIC5 expression through binding to the miR-27b-3p promoter and repressing miR-27b-3p transcription. In turn, ZIC5 potentiated AR, AR-V7, and AR targets’ expression. Besides, ZIC5 inhibition reduced AR and AR-V7 protein expression and enhanced the sensitivity of PCa to enzalutamide (Enz) treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the reciprocal activation between AR and ZIC5 promotes metastasis and Enz resistance of PCa and suggest the therapeutic value of cotargeting ZIC5 and AR for the treatment of advanced PCa.