bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Commelina benghalensis (Family: Commelinaceae) Leaves.
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Tanvir Ahmad , Hasanat Abul ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Jakaria Md. ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Kamal A .T. M .Mostofa ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Kabir Mohammad Shah Hafez ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Hossain Md. Shakhawat ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Mamur Arafatul ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh, Hossain Mohammed Munawar ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, (IIUC), Chawkbazar, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

This study was subjected to investigate thrombolytic and cytotoxic properties of Commelina benghalensis methanol extract. The cytotoxicity had been assessed while using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and also thrombolytic impact with individual blood. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay result was (LC50= 278.69 µg/ml) compared with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50=0.512 µg/ml). It has significant thrombolytic activity (40.94%) compared with standard streptokinase (75%).
Factors affecting time to arrival in hospital among patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI)
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530002, India, C Ravi Venkatachelam , B Adilakshmi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530002, India, T Ram Manohar ,   Department of Cardiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530002, India, M Trivikrama Rao ,   Department of Cardiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530002, India, S Abbaiah ,   Professor, Department of Cardiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530002, India
Published: May 2022

Time is crucial in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction but patients still come late to the hospital. This study aims to determine the factors which delay such patients coming to the ICCU. 100 patients (74 men & 26 women) of acute MI were interviewed. The mean time from symptom onset to ICCU arrival was 28 hrs. 55 min. (+ 96hrs 45min). 51 patients came within 6 hours – 13, 20 and 18 within 1,3 and 6 hours. Using the dependent variable of time as a binomial variable, univariate analysis showed that a perception that the chest pain could be cardiac in origin was more common among the early arrivers (<6 hrs) while, visiting a doctor in the clinic instead of going to an ICU directly, was more common among the late arrivers. Logistic regression analysis showed these two as significant factors with a weak to moderate relation (coefficient of determination r 2 = 0.22 only). Analyzing the data using time as a continuous variable, which is the more appropriate statistical method, the statistical significance of the above two factors reduced to a trend, while another factor emerged – presence of a (para)medical person in the family hastened arrival to the ICCU. Multiple regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant correlation (r2 = 0.089). Gender, age, literacy, mode of transport and past history of MI were not significant factors. To conclude, patients with acute MI still arrive late to the ICCU with two important reasons being the decision making of the patient based on a perception that the pain could be cardiac, and, going to an ICCU directly rather than to a doctor‟s clinic or hospital without such facility.
Study of histomorphological patterns of ovarian tumors
Authors:   Associate Prof., Department of Pathology, ASCR Govt. Medical College, Nellore, bookya Kishan , Kanya  ,   Assistant Prof., Department of Pathology, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Medchal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ovarian tumors have various histomorphological patterns. Histopathological examination plays an important role is classifying ovarian tumors for better prognosis. Ovarian tumors are classified into surface epithelial tumors, germ tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. This study was done to know various histomorphological patterns of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: Both retrospective and prospective study done from March 2013 to April 2015 for 2 yrs in the department of pathology, Kakatiya Medical College Warangal and private histopathological laboratories. On microscopy histomorphological patterns of ovarian tumors were noted. Sections were given and slides were stained with H & E. Special stains like reticulin, PAS, mucicarmine were done where ever necessary. Results: 154 ovarian tumors were studied, 78.5% (121/154) were benign and 21.4% (33/154) were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors were most common (61.6%), followed by germ cell tumors (29.8%). Sex cord stromal tumors comprised only 4.5 % (7/154) of all ovarian tumors. Metastatic tumors of ovaries were far less common than primary ovarian tumors. They comprised only 3.8 % (6/154) of all ovarian tumors. Age ranged from 15-65 with majority of cases were reported among 35- 45yrs 81 (52.5%). The youngest patient of our series was a girl of 16 yrs with dysgerminoma and the oldest patient was a 65 yrs, a case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ovary. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumors were most common followed by germ cell tumors. Majority of tumors were reported amongage group 35- 45yrs. Metastatic tumors of ovaries were less common.
“WELCOME- Weekends, Exchange hours and Late nights are Cause Of increased Mortality in Emergency and ICU’s”- a hospital based study
Authors:   Post graduate in medicine, Dept of Medicine, NIMS, Jaipur., syed Thabish , Ahir Dilip ,   Post graduate, Dept of medicine, NIMS, Jaipur., Binwal Vijay Kumar ,   Asst. Prof, Dept of Nephrology, NIMS, Jaipur., Pandey Manju ,   Asst. prof, Dept of Medicine, NIMS, Jaipur., Shah Moxit ,   Post graduate in medicine, Dept of Medicine, NIMS, Jaipur.
Published: May 2022

Objective:-To study the effect of weekend, duty exchange hours and late night on mortality in emergency and various intensive care units. Material And Methods:-This is a 1 year retrospective survey conducted at NIMS Medical College and Hospital- a tertiary hospital in rural area close to Jaipur. Death records from Emergency, Medical ICU, Surgical ICU, Respiratory ICU, Cardiac Care Unit were accessed and time/day of death was noted and classified accordingly. Tests of statistical significance were done using Chi-square Test. Results:-A total of 225 deaths were recorded during the period of study out of which weekend deaths are 71, late hours death are 61, and exchange hours death are 67. Conclusion:- The rate of deaths were found to be Statistically Highly Significant.
Pharmacopoeial constants as indication of stability of polyherbal formulations – a study on Hutabhugadi and Sitopaladi Curna of Ayurvedic Formulary of India
Authors:   SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpadi, Udupi, India – 574 118, Kumar Koppala Narayana Sunil , Priyadarshini  ,   SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpadi, Udupi, India – 574 118, Pushpendra  ,   SDM College (Autonomous), Ujire, Belthangadi Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, India – 574 240, Holla Bantwal Shivarama ,   SDM College (Autonomous), Ujire, Belthangadi Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, India – 574 240, Ravishankar Basaviah ,   SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpadi, Udupi, India – 574 118, Yashovarma Betkeri ,   SDM College (Autonomous), Ujire, Belthangadi Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, India – 574 240
Published: May 2022

Nowadays herbal medicines are popular all over the world. Drawback is consistency in the quality of the product over a range of time. Any considerable changes in the quality of the product over a time must be detectable. So stability testing is needed to ensure the quality of herbal products which is an evidence for the quality of the finished product. Present study reports the deviation in Pharmacopoeial constants of Hutabhugadi curna (HC) and Sitopaladi curna (SC) when stored at a recommended storage conditions and examined for a period of time. The variation in the Pharmacopoeial physico-chemical constants of the curna (fine powder) was observed during 0 (initial), 3rd and 6th month. Average shelf life is proposed for HC and SC based on 10% variation in physico-chemical tests specified in pharmacopoeia while compared to initial value. It was found that HC showed average ±10% variation in the values at 11.41 months while SC showed it at 22.58 months. This method of shelf life assessment can be used as routine shelf life check for polyherbal herbal formulations though this method is not bioavailability based assay applicable for single herb formulations.
Biodiesel Conversionion of high FFA Neem oil by blending it with low FFA Sesame oil
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India., Pal Amit , Singh Raj Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India., Mohan Shashank ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable fuel and may be considered as a potential option to supplement fossil-based fuels. It is deduced from a variety of edible and non-edible vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oil and animal fat, etc. Non-edible vegetable oils are second generation feedstocks and a better alternative to edible feed crops for biodiesel production.This paper deals with production of Biodiesel from the oils of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) which are available in India and other parts of the world. Neem oil is non edible oil having very high free fatty acid (FFA) content. It requires pre-treatment neutralization step before undergoing the alkali catalyzed transesterification process, very high alcohol to oil molar ratio and comparatively larger reaction time needed to obtain sustainable yield of biodiesel. Sesame oil is an edible oil mainly used in pharmaceuticals due to its medicinal properties and has low FFA content. These two oils, one having very high FFA content and other having low FFA content are mixed in suitable proportions and this mixture is transesterified without the pre-treatment process at a molar ratio of 6:1. A significant conversion yield is achieved by mixing the feedstocks before transesterification reaction.
Phytochemical investigation and biological evaluation of Dichanthium annulatum (Forrsk)
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Awad Mohammed M. , Ragab Ehab A. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt., El-Hela Atef A. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2022

Phytochemical investigation of Dichanthium annulatum (Forrsk), herbs revealed the isolation and identification of two pairs of lignoflavone derivatives stereoisomers; an epimers of tricin 4`-O-(threo-βguaiacylglyceryl) ether (Salcolin A) and tricin 4`-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (Salcolin B) (1) and an epimer of tricin 4`-O-[threo-β-guaiacyl-(7``-O-methyl-9``-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether and tricin 4`-O-[erythro-βguaiacyl-(7``-O-methyl-9``-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether (2), one flavone; tricin (3), two flavone glycosides; tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and tricin 7-O-neohesperidoside (5), one flavone C-glucoside; isoorientin (6), one phenolic acid; p-coumaric acid (7), one lignan; 4-ketopinoresinol (8) and two sterols; stigmasterol (9) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (10). The structural elucidations of isolated compounds were established on the basis of NMR and MS spectral analyses. All isolated compounds and biological activities for different extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions (antiviral, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities) of Dichanthium annulatum were done for the first time.
Lupene-type triterpenic and steroidal constituents from the roots of Streblus asper Lour.
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110062, India., Aeri Vidhu , Alam Perwez ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110062, India.,   Present address: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA., Ali Mohammed ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110062, India., Naquvi Kamran J. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110062, India.,   Present address: Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, U.P. - 202145, India.
Published: May 2022

Streblus asper Lour. (Moraceae)is a small tree found in tropical regions of the world and used for the treatment of fever, diarrhea, dysentery, elephantiasis, filariasis, gingivitis, leprosy, piles, skin diseases, toothache and wounds.Phytochemical investigation of a methanol extract of the roots led to the isolation of two new compounds characterized as lup-20(29)-en-3β-olyl octadec-9′-enoate (1) and stigmast-5-en-3β-olyl-26-oic acid-3β-hexadecanoate (4) together with the four known constituents identified as lupeol linoleate (2), stigmasterol palmitate (3), cerotic acid (5) and octacosanoic acid (6). The structures of all these compounds were elucidated on the basis spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.
Anthelminthic potential of Phytolacca dodecandra and Albizia antihelmintica in calves
Authors:   Department of Wildlife Management, Kitabi College of Conservation and environmental Management (KCCEM) P.O Box 330, Huye, Rwanda., Tumwesigye Wycliffe ,   Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Murokore Justus ,   Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Isharaza William ,   Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Julius Lejju B. ,   Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda., Safari David ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Mbarara University P.O Box 1410,Mbarara Uganda, Paul Adiukwu B. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Mbarara University P.O Box 1410,Mbarara Uganda
Published: May 2022

Using herbal de-wormers in livestock has attracted much research attention in the recent past. Considerable research has been done in developed countries but there is paucity of information in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) countries including Uganda. This study aimed at establishing the potential of Phytolaccadodecandra (pd) and Albizia antihelmintica (zia) on reducing egg count per gram (EPG) for Fasciola, Strongyles and Monezia species in calves. Body weights of seventy six calves purposefully selected from 5 farms were measured. Twenty six calves were treated with pd, 24 with zia and 26 with Albendazole 10% (zole) as a control. The calves were left to graze in their respective farms in controlled paddocks. Single dose treatment was given to each calf and rectal samples were collected after every week for a period of four weeks. The samples were preserved in 10% formal saline and EPG analysis was done using Telemman’s sedimentation method. Both the numbers and types of gastrointestinal worms eggs present in the dung of calves were determined before and after drug administration. Results show significant differences in Fasciola EPGfor calves treated with Albendazole 10% and those treated with pd (p = .044); Strongyles EPG for calves treated with Albendazole 10% and those treated with zia (p = .007). No significant differences were observed in Monezia EPG for the three treatments used. This suggests that Albendazole 10% is more effective than zia and pd on Fasciola, Strongyles and Monezia species while pd and zia extracts have almost the same effectiveness on all the three species of parasites studied.
Development and characterization of Telmisartan self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for bioavailability enhancement
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, KadiSarvaVishwavidyalaya, Sector 23, Gandhinagar 382023, India., NiraliPadia  , Shukla Arunkumar ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, KadiSarvaVishwavidyalaya, Sector 23, Gandhinagar 382023, India., PragnaShelat  ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, KadiSarvaVishwavidyalaya, Sector 23, Gandhinagar 382023, India.
Published: May 2022

Telmisartan is a potent, long-lasting, nonpeptide antagonist of the angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor that is indicated for the treatment of essential hypertension. It belongs to a class II drug in BCS classification i.e. low solubility and high permeability. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. The objective of present work was to develop a self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble Telmisartan. SMEDDS is a mixture of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, which are emulsified in aqueous medium under gentle digestive motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Psuedoternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsifying region. A SMEDDS were further evaluated for its percentage transmittance, emulsification time, drug content, phase separation, globule size, zeta potential, pH, refractive index, X-ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro dissolution studies. Optimized formulation was also compared with marketed product (Telma 20) in male spraguedawley rats. The pharmacokinetic study exhibited 1.54 fold increase in the oral bioavailability of Telmisartan SMEDDS compared with the Marketed product.
Management of Herpes zoster: a review
Authors:   Sr. Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine And Radiology, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital & Dental College, Haryana, India., Gupta Rajesh , Gupta Preety ,   Sr. Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital & Dental College, Haryana, India., Gupta Shivani ,   MDS in Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry
Published: May 2022

Streblus asper Lour. (Moraceae)is a small tree found in tropical regions of the world and used for the treatment of fever, diarrhea, dysentery, elephantiasis, filariasis, gingivitis, leprosy, piles, skin diseases, toothache and wounds. Phytochemical investigation of a methanol extract of the roots led to the isolation of two new compounds characterized as lup-20(29)-en-3β-olyl octadec-9′-enoate (1) and stigmast-5-en-3β-olyl-26-oic acid-3β-hexadecanoate (4) together with the four known constituents identified as lupeol linoleate (2), stigmasterol palmitate (3), cerotic acid (5) and octacosanoic acid (6). The structures of all these compounds were elucidated on the basis spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.
Evaluate the analgesic Activity of Tukhme Karafs (Apium graveolens Linn.) in swiss albino mice
Authors:   Professor, Department of IlmulAdvia, AGUMC, Akkalkuwa425415, Maharashtra, India, Ahmed Nisar , Nasreen Faizana ,   Associate Professor, Department of IlmulAdvia, AGUMC, Akkalkuwa425415, Maharashtra, India, Husain Sadique ,   Assistant Professor, Department of IlmulAdvia, AGUMC, Akkalkuwa425415, Maharashtra, India, Alam Shamshad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Ilaj Bit-tadbir, MTC, Malegaon423203, Maharashtra, India, Ahmed Saleem ,   Professor, Department of MunafeulAza, YFUMC, Kunjkheda431103, Maharashtra, India, Rahman Khaleequr ,   Assistant Professor, Department of IlmulSaidla, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore560091, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic activity of Tukhme Karafs (Apium graveolens seed) in Albino mice. Methods: The analgesic activity was determined by Hot plate method, Tail immersion method, Tail Clip method and Writhing test. Result: Petroleum ether extract of seeds of Apium graveolens (PEESAG) was tested in adult Albino Swiss mice weighing 20-30gms, at the dose of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight by different method i.e. hot plate method, tail immersion method, tail clip method and Wrihting method. The result show mild to moderate analgesic activity of celery seeds. Conclusion: The petroleum ether extract of celery seeds revealed mild to moderate analgesic activity.
Anxiogenic effect on acute administration of gemifloxacin in rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, Karnataka, India, Rai Seema , Shanbhag Tara V ,   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Objective: Toevaluate the anxiogenic effect on acute administration of gemifloxacin in wistar albino rats. Methods: Elevated plus maze and open field test models were used. Rats were divided into four groups (n=6). All drugs used in the study were freshly prepared and administered orally, sixty minutes prior to the experiment. Group I (Control) received 10 mL distilled water, Group II received moxifloxacin (36 mg/kg), Groups III and IV received test drug, gemifloxacinat 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively.The Results were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. Results: There wasa statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in total arm entries in elevated plus maze model compared to control. In open field test, the time spent in central squares was decreased whereas in peripheral squares was increased compared to control. Conclusion: The present studyshowedanxiogenic activity of gemifloxacin in wistar albino rats.
Antibacterial activity of Garlic, Tulsi, Bitter guard and Cinnamon extracts against wound pathogens
Authors:   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania, Mauti Godfrey Omare , Mauti Eliakim Mbaka ,   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Ouno Geoffrey Arasa ,   School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya, Mabeya Benard Maronga ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania
Published: May 2022

In the present study antibacterial properties of fruits harvested from natural medicinal plants garlic, tulsi, bitter guard and cinnamon, were explored against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which had been extracted from wound infections of sick patients. Antimicrobial components were extracted by solvent extraction using methanol and ethanol as extracts. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial nature of extracts. The methanolic extract of garlic was found effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which gave an inhibition zone of 27mm and 28mm respectively. Ethanolic extract of cinnamon was effective against Escherichia coli by giving an inhibition zone of 27mm. These results were far better than the zone of inhibition given by the standard tetracycline antibiotic used throughout the study. Tulsi and bitter guard were less effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by giving an inhibitory zone which was less as compaired to garlic and cinnamon extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the most effective extracts were determined where by garlic methanolic (GM) extract had 0.14µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while cinnamon ethanolic (CE) extract had 0.12µg/ml against Escherichia coli.
Gandhak (sulphur) and its medicinal importance described in Unani Medicine; Mini Review
Authors:   PG Scholars, Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, Karnataka, India, Haque Ziaul , Ahmed Tanzeel ,   2Reader, Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore560091, Karnataka, India, Mand Danish ,   PG Scholars, Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, Karnataka, India, Asma Kumari ,   PG Scholars, Department of Amraze Niswan wa Qabala, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore560091, Karnataka, India, Rumman Mohd. ,   PG Scholars, Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, Karnataka, India, Alam Anzar ,   PG Scholars, Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Sulphur is a non metal element which commonly known as Gandhak. It occurs in the nature in the form of pure sulphur, sulphides and sulphates. It plays an imperative role for the maintains of health as skin, connective tissues, muscles, bones, teeth and hair, also control the metabolic process which is a key factor for the body. In nutritious substance sulphur is also found such as garlic, onion, fish and beans. Mainly sulphur is used for the cosmetic purposes as treatment of various skin diseases viz; Jarb, Qooba, Kharish, Taqassure Jild, Qarha Muzmina, Busoore Labnia etc. Unani Attiba describe it’s uses in classical text under the caption of amraze jildia.
Diabetes Mellitus: An Ayurvedic View
Authors:   Department of Stree Avum Prasuti Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (IMSBHU), Varanasi, India, Swati Sipika , Agarwal Prateek ,   Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (IMS-BHU), Varanasi, India
Published: May 2022

Diabetes Mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the aetiology of the DM factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. Diabetes is known as Prameha, which has been discussed in Ayurveda since antiquity. Caraka has given exhaustive description of the disease Prameha which ultimately progresses towards Madhumeha or the sweetness of urine in addition to Polyurea.
Evaluation of practice of self-medication among medical students in a teaching hospital
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, India, Rai Seema , Shanbhag Tara V ,   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, India, V Prathibha Kumari ,   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, India, Pai M.R.S.M ,   Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SIMS&RC), Mukka, Surathkal, Mangalore-574146, India
Published: May 2022

Objective: Self-medication is common among medical students , this may lead to irrational usage of drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate prevalence of self -medication among medical undergraduate students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire based study conducted among undergraduate medical students of Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Mangalore. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and presented as percentages. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was 95.37 % (227) out of 238 students in the last one year. The usual indications for selfmedication were fever followed by common cold; analgesics and antipyretics were commonly used class of drugs. A significant number of students 62.2% opined self-medication as acceptable practice. Conclusion: The present study shows practice of self-medication found to be high among medical students may be due to their exposure on knowledge of drugs and diseases. Hence there is a need to create awareness among students regarding ills of self-medication practice.
An investigative study of dwarf mango (Boribo Muyini) seed kernel extract against inflammatory agent Staphylococcus aureus
Authors:   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Mauti Eliakim Mbaka , Mauti Godfrey Omare ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda, Onguso Justus M. ,   Institute for Biotechnology Research (IBR), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, Kowanga David Keno ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
Published: May 2022

Alternative herbal medicine has been used to treat various infections from centuries. Natural plants contain Phyto constituents having similar chemical properties as of synthetic antibiotics. Boribo Muyini a typical Tanzanian dwarf breed of Mangifera indica have been reported for various medicinal effects like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihelminthic, antidiabetic and antiallergic etc. Staphylococcus aureus belongs to eubacteria group, facultative anaerobic invasive bacterium is a highly evaluated in inducing inflammation in human and highly resistant to antibiotics. Due to its antibiotics resistance, it became vital to evaluate biological properties of medicinal plants in tropical regions. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of seed kernel on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infected patient and diarrhea patient. Cold methanolic extraction was performed to extract bioactive compound from seed kernel. Disk diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial nature of the extract which where compared with the standard antibiotic vancomycin. Discs prepared in 400µg concentration of methanolic extract of seed kennel was effective against Staphylococcus aureus by giving an inhibition zone of 19 mm when compared to standard vancomycin antibiotic disc (30 µg) which gave an inhibition zone of 20mm.
Evaluation of malaria spread in relation to poor environmental conditions at Kibaha district (Tanzania)
Authors:   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania, Mauti Godfrey Omare , Mauti Eliakim Mbaka ,   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Kowanga David Keno ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania
Published: May 2022

Communicable diseases cause a lot of out- patient attendance resulting to huge allocation of funds by both Governmental and Non – governmental organizations in combating them. A cross section study was conducted at Maili Moja community to ascertain environmental conditions prevailing in the area and how they contribute to the spread of Malaria as a communicable disease. About 200 questionnaires were self - administered to the community to capture data. The study reviewed that not using treated mosquito nets accounted for 81.2% of chances of suffering from malaria. Malaria is the main causes of communicable disease burden in Maili Moja community. It was found that poverty, neglecting the use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLITNs), treated bed sheets and indoor residual Spraying (IRS) also poor environmental conditions untreated compost pits, stagnant water and sewages lead to the spread of malaria disease. It is therefore recommended that Maili Moja community to use Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLITNs), bed sheets, perform routinely spray of mosquito insecticides, treatment of drinking, sewage and stagnant water be intensified in the community. It is also recommended that water and sanitation be improved by putting up new water points and sanitary facilities.
Studies on the flora of Mahajana PG campus
Authors:   Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, PG wing of SBRR Mahajana First Grade College, K.R.S. Road, Metagalli, Mysore570 016, Karnataka, India, Renukarya C.K. , Kumar H.N. Krishna ,   Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, PG wing of SBRR Mahajana First Grade College, K.R.S. Road, Metagalli, Mysore570 016, Karnataka, India, Chauhan Jyoti Bala ,   Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, PG wing of SBRR Mahajana First Grade College, K.R.S. Road, Metagalli, Mysore570 016, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

In the present investigation, a total of 152 species representing 131 genera belonging to 55 families have been recorded. Among these, 43 families, 99 genera and 118 species are dicotyledons. The monocotyledons represent 9 families, 32 genera and 34 species. The genus species ratio is 1:1.2 and the ratio of monocotyledons to dicotyledons is 1:3.5. Of the 55 families collected, the most dominant family is Euphorbiaceae with 13 species. In the collected 131 genera 17 are dominant with more than 2 species. The availability and distribution of individual plant species has been scrutinized carefully for its future sustainable utilization. The study found that majority of the plants recorded from the campus area are having medicinal value.
Effect of land use change and slope position on soil organic carbon in Kitabi Watershed Rwanda
Authors:   Kitabi College of Conservation and Environmental Management (KCCEM) C/O Rwanda Development Board (RDB), P.O Box 330 Huye, Rwanda, Tumwesigye Wycliffe , Wasige John ,   Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Thomas Groen ,   Institute of Geo-information Science, University of Twente, Netherlands
Published: May 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is widely used as a proxy for soil health and soil fertility. Land use change(LUC) has been implicated as one of the factors leading to the loss of SOC and increased release of green house gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere hence contributing to global climate change (GCC). Rwanda is a mountainous country and has faced a challenge of land use inter-conversions between forests, perennial crops and annual crops over the years. The impact of LUC on SOC stocks is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LUC and slope positions on SOC stocks in Kitabi watershed. Lands at TM-5 images of 2008 and 1986 were used to make a land use change map using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm in Erdas. Slope positions were derived from the DEM using Topographic Position Index (TPI) tool and the output raster was overlaid with the LUC map to identify sample strata. Soil samples were obtained using stratified top sequential random sampling from annual crops, community tea and factory tea. A total of 134 soil samples were taken from the three LU categories along each of the three slope positions: upslope, middle slope and down slope. Soil sampling was done at two depths 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm in each land use category using a soil auger. To make a composite soil mixture, five samples were taken from 10 m x 10 m plots in each land use category.SOC laboratory analysis was done using Loss on ignition (LOI). One-Way ANOVA and Games Howell tests were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that LU types significantly affect SOC stocks (p < 0.001) while slope position does not (p =.491). The interaction of LU and slope position has no significant effect on SOC stocks across the three land use types (p = .061). Good management practices in community tea and soil erosion control measures in annual crops are recommended.
Biosorption for lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by the biomass of Spyridia filamentosa algal species found in Indian Ocean
Authors:   Unit of Science, Jordan University College, Morogoro, Tanzania, Kowanga Keno , Mauti Godfrey Omare ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania, Mauti Eliakim Mbaka ,   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Biosorption of heavy metals is an efficient cost effective method for removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. Studies have shown that algal species biomasses have high uptake of heavy metal ions. In this research, an adsorption property of Spyridia filamentosa algal species was studied on the basis of equilibrium isotherms and kinetics from batch experiments. It was found that biosorption capacities were pH dependent. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be at 0.86 mmol/g at pH of 5. It was observed that biosorption kinetics was first within the first 30 minutes before equilibrium was obtained. The effect of light metal ions was found not to significantly affect uptake of lead (II) ions. It was as well found that Spyridia filamentosa biomass could purify 2.1, 1.1, 0.7 and 0.5 liters when the feed concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM, respectively of lead (II) before breakthrough was reached. This study illustrated that that biomass of Spyridia filamentosa is a good biosorbent for treatment of lead (II) contained in industrial wastewater.
fH-aHUS hemolytic agarose plate: A descendents of Sanchez-corral assay for a rapid diagnosis of hereditary and acquired factor H-related Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors:   Unit of Immunology, Military University Hospital of Oran, Oran, Algeria, Kerboua Kheir Eddine
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is not only known by its approved drug Eculizumab, the most expensive medicine up to now (An annual drug cost US $573,720 per patient), but also by its catastrophic outcomes (70% of patients progress to death or renal failure in less than 1 year after the onset). In the absence of repetitive infections, this ultra-rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is qualified by the “atypical” form of HUS (aHUS). The factor H related- aHUS (fH-aHUS) belongs of this latter and represents more than a half of the aHUS. It is caused by genetic or acquired autoimmune defects of the alternative complement pathway regulation by the factor H.
Anaesthetic Management of a case of alveolar proteinosis
Authors:   Professor and HOD, Department of Anaesthesia, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Wanowrie, Pune - 411040, Maharashtra, India, Hasnain Shahbaz , Patra Arun Kumar ,   Anaesthesiologist, 12 Air Force Hospital Akash Vihar, Kunraghat, Gorakhpur-273002, Uttar Pradesh, India, Joshi Vidyasagar ,   Associate Professor, Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology, Military Hospital, CTC, Wanowrie, Pune - 411040, Maharashtra, India, Ramprasad  ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt-110010, Delhi, India
Published: May 2022

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare type of interstitial lung disease characterised by diffuse involvement and filling of distal air spaces by the amorphous, periodic-acid-schiff positive lipoproteinaceous material. Whole lung lavage is presently the standard mode of management of such cases. A 33-year-old male presented to our centre with cough and breathlessness on exertion. On evaluation he was found to have PAP. He underwent whole lung lavage (WLL) under general anaesthesia using one lung ventilation. We describe the anaesthetic consideration and the challenges faced in such a procedure.
Comparative physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC study of stem bark versus small branches of Flacourtia indica
Authors:   National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development, Aamkho, Gwalior474009, (M.P), India, Srivastava Bhavana , Sharma Vikas Chandra ,   National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development, Aamkho, Gwalior474009, (M.P), India, Vashisth Ektaa ,   Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp.-D Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India, Singh R. ,   Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp.-D Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058, India, Pandey N. K. ,   National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development, Aamkho, Gwalior474009, (M.P), India, Jadhav A. D. ,   National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development, Aamkho, Gwalior474009, (M.P), India
Published: May 2022

Flacourtia indica commonly called sruvavrksa is a medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda. As per the Ayurvedic literature, stem bark of this plant is used in raktavikara, sopha, dusta, vrana. Removal of stem bark from trunk of this tree may make this plant weak and susceptible to damage by insects and natural elements. Due to which availability of this plant may be difficult in near future for use in Indian system of medicine. Present study is carried out in Flacourtia indica to evaluate the possibilities of using small branches in place of stem bark which will help sustainable utilization. Stem bark and small branches of Flacourtia indica are compared on the basis of physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). On phytochemical analysis, both stem bark and small branches showed presence of almost similar phytochemicals in different extracts tested. Total phenolic contents of stem bark and small branches in terms of gallic acid equivalent were 39.62 ± 0.93 and 17.41 ± 0.94 mg/g, respectively and total flavonoid contents in terms of querecetin equivalent were 94.57 ± 2.81 and 43.68 ± 1.11 mg/g, respectively. HPTLC profile of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of stem bark and small branches also showed almost similar phytochemical profile. Almost similar results of phytochemical analysis and HPTLC profiles suggest that small branches may be used in place of stem bark and vice-versa after comparison and confirmation of same for pharmacological activities.
Antimicrobial activity of Eugenia jambolana seeds against foodborne isolates
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Ogato Denis Mabeya , Mauti Eliakim Mbaka ,   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Mauti Godfrey Omare ,   School of Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, Kowanga David Keno ,   School of Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, Ouno Geoffrey Arasa ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Food borne diseases encompass a wide spectrum of illnesses associated with the ingestion of food contaminated by microbes. Many medicinal plants are considered to be potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source for novel compounds with anti-microbial activity, with possibly new modes of action. Eugenia jambolana has been reported to contain phytochemicals like coumarin, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and steroids. Diluted meat samples in PBS were inoculated onto culture plates of S S Agar, and Chromogenic agar and incubated at 370C overnight. After 48 hours incubation, cultures were examined for significant growth. Subcultures were then made into plates of nutrient agar and incubated for another 24 hours. The primary identification of the bacterial isolates was made based on colonial appearance and pigmentation. Antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were tested on Mueller-Hinton agar by well diffusion method. Acetone, methanol and ethanolic Eugenia jambolana extracts against S. aureus, Pseudomonas species and Salmonella species showed a significant zone of inhibition. The objectives of the present study were as follows: Isolation of bacteria from meat, Study of biofilm production by the isolated bacterias and Screening of Eugenia jambolana extract for antibacterial activity against the isolated bacteria.
New Epoxy Megastigmane glucoside from Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.P.Beauv Wild (Crowfootgrass)
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Kayed Akram M. , Elghaly EL- Sayed. M. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, El-Hela Atef A. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2022

Phytochemical investigation of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. Wild herbrevealed the isolation and identification of three new compounds5-hydroxypyrimidine- 2,4 (3H,5H)- dione [6],6'Glyceryl asysgangoside[8],and 2 amino, 2 methyl,(5,6 di hydroxymethyl ), 1,4 dioxane [11]were isolated for the first time from nature in addition tonine known compounds, P.hydroxy benzaldhyde[1], tricin [2],P.hydroxy benzoic acid[3], vanillic acid [4], β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside [5], asysgangoside[7] adenine[9], uridine[10] and sucrose[12]The structural elucidations of isolated compounds were established on the basis of UV,IR, NMR and MS spectral analyses. Compounds 7 was isolated for the first time from the family. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. showed significant activities against antiviral, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The ethyl acetate fraction appeared to be the most active one.