bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent pneumatic compression versus additional prophylaxis with enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after laparoscopic surgery for gastric and colorectal malignancies: multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kamachi H , Homma S , Kawamura H , Yoshida T , Ohno Y , Ichikawa N , Yokota R , Funakoshi T , Maeda Y , Takahashi N , Amano T , Taketomi A
Published: July 2020

Background

The role of antithrombotic chemoprophylaxis in prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in laparoscopic surgery for gastric and colorectal malignancies is unknown. This study compared the addition of enoxaparin following intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) with IPC alone in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy.

Methods

In this multicentre RCT, eligible patients were older than 40 years and had a WHO performance status of 0 or 1. Exclusion criteria were prescription of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and history of VTE. Patients were allocated to IPC or to ICP with enoxaparin in a 1 : 1 ratio. Stratification factors included sex, location of cancer, age 61 years and over, and institution. Enoxaparin was administered on days 1–7 after surgery. Primary outcome was VTE, evaluated by multidetector CT on day 7.

Results

Of 448 patients randomized, 208 in the IPC group and 182 in the IPC with enoxaparin group were evaluated. VTE occurred in ten patients (4·8 per cent) in the IPC group and six (3·3 per cent) in the IPC with enoxaparin group (P = 0·453). Proximal deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism occurred in seven patients (3·4 per cent) in the IPC group and one patient (0·5 per cent) in the IPC with enoxaparin group (P = 0·050). All VTE events were asymptomatic and non-fatal. Bleeding occurred in 11 of 202 patients in the IPC with enoxaparin group, and one patient needed a transfusion. All bleeding events were managed by discontinuation of the drug.

Conclusion

IPC with enoxaparin after laparoscopic surgery for gastric and colorectal malignancies did not reduce the rate of VTE. Registration number: UMIN000011667 (https://www.umin.ac.jp/).
Hippocampal circuits underlie improvements in self‐reported anxiety following mindfulness training
Authors: Sevinc Gunes , Greenberg Jonathan , Hölzel Britta K. , Gard Tim , Calahan Thomas , Brunsch Vincent , Hashmi Javeria A. , Vangel Mark , Orr Scott P. , Milad Mohammed R. , Lazar Sara W.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Mindfulness meditation has successfully been applied to cultivate skills in self‐regulation of emotion, as it employs the unbiased present moment awareness of experience. This heightened attention to and awareness of sensory experience has been postulated to create an optimal therapeutic exposure condition and thereby improve extinction learning. We recently demonstrated increased connectivity in hippocampal circuits during the contextual retrieval of extinction memory following mindfulness training.

Methods

Here, we examine the role of structural changes in hippocampal subfields following mindfulness training in a randomized controlled longitudinal study using a two‐day fear‐conditioning and extinction protocol.

Results

We demonstrate an association between mindfulness training‐related increases in subiculum and decreased hippocampal connectivity to lateral occipital regions during contextual retrieval of extinguished fear. Further, we demonstrate an association between decreased connectivity and decreases in self‐reported anxiety following mindfulness training.

Conclusions

The results highlight the role of the subiculum in gating interactions with contextual stimuli during memory retrieval and, also, the mechanisms through which mindfulness training may foster resilience.
The freedom within framework: A multilevel perspective on developing green capabilities through routines in service organisations
Authors: Morrow Jeremy , Mowatt Simon
Published: July 2020

The environmental strategy literature accepts that environmental sustainability can be a crucial source of competitive advantage, but approaches based on the resource‐based view require further explanation as to how green capabilities are developed and transmitted and how employees at different levels contribute to these processes. This article examines these processes by investigating three multilevel case studies of New Zealand service industry firms, based on 32 interviews with senior and middle managers and front‐line staff. The study finds that although green routines and green capabilities develop in heterogeneous, path‐dependent and idiosyncratic ways, these follow identifiable processes at the micro level and meso levels of the firm. On the basis of these findings, a framework is developed suggestion pathways explaining how green routines are aggregated into green capabilities across the whole firm, which is termed the freedom within framework.
Perceived behavioral control as a mediator of hotels' green training, environmental commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior: A sustainable environmental practice
Authors: Cop Serdar , Alola Uju Violet , Alola Andrew Adewale
Published: July 2020

By employing a more comprehensive environmental sustainability and behavioral practices and framework, organizations' green human resources, production process among other processes, are also situated at addressing the rising challenge of global warming. To an extent, the gear toward improving the sustainable organization or production entails the environmental sustainability practices, green initiatives, and environmentally friendlier methods against the business‐as‐usual and the traditional patterns. In so doing, the current study is aimed at examining the effect of green training on organizational citizenship behavior and environmental commitment via the mediating role of perceived behavioral control. By applying the theory of planned behavior, this paper also tests the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control in the organization and the environment. Data from 306 employees working in four and five‐star hotels in Istanbul were analyzed using AMOS statistical version 20. The result revealed that green training positively affects environmental commitment and organizational behavior and that perceived behavioral control fully mediates the link. In essence, the investigation equally revealed that it is important to engage employees in environmental sustainability training and related information, especially in compliance with the global drive for the Sustainable Development Goals. The findings and implications of the study are further revealed to serve effective policy tools to organizations, governance, and other stakeholders.
The revision of nonfinancial reporting directive: A critical lens on the comparability principle
Authors: Venturelli Andrea , Pizzi Simone , Caputo Fabio , Principale Salvatore
Published: July 2020

The launch of the European New Green Deal represents a strategic plan developed in Europe to favor the transition to more sustainable business models. One of the main initiative is represented by the revision of the Directive 95/2014/EU. This revision came in response to several criticisms of the directive's application to European Public Interest Entities, including the low degree of comparability that characterize the resulting nonfinancial declarations. This research paper analyzes how 70 Italian PIEs adhere to the comparability principle when preparing their nonfinancial declarations. Furthermore, a difference‐in‐differences analysis has been performed to assess the impacts of Directive 95/2014/EU on nonfinancial declarations' comparability. Our results highlight how the comparability of nonfinancial reports is an objective not yet achieved. In this regard, the revision of Directive 95/2014/EU will represent an opportunity for policymakers to address this critical issue.
Evaluating the impact of universal Lynch syndrome screening in a publicly funded healthcare system
Authors: Lee Petra W. C. , Bedard Angela C. , Samimi Setareh , Beard Vivienne K. , Hong Quan , Bedard James E. J. , Gilks Blake , Schaeffer David F. , Wolber Robert , Kwon Janice S. , Lim Howard J. , Sun Sophie , Schrader Kasmintan A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Referrals for Lynch syndrome (LS) assessment have traditionally been based on personal and family medical history. The introduction of universal screening practices has allowed for referrals based on immunohistochemistry tests for mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. This study aims to characterize the effect of universal screening in a publicly funded healthcare system with comparison to patients referred by traditional criteria, from January 2012 to March 2017.

Methods

Patient files from the time of initiation of universal screening from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups: (a) universally screened and (b) referred by traditional methods. Mutation detection rates, analysis of traditional testing criteria met, and cascade carrier testing were evaluated.

Results

The mutation detection rate of the universal screening group was higher than the traditionally referred group (45/228 (19.7%) vs 50/390 (12.5%), P = .05), though each were able to identify unique patients. An analysis of testing criteria met by each patient showed that half of referred patients from the universal screening group could not meet any traditional testing criteria.

Conclusion

The implementation of universal screening in a publicly funded system will increase efficiency in detecting patients with LS. The resources available for genetic testing and counseling may be more limited in public systems, thus inclusion of secondary screening with BRAF and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation testing is key to further optimizing efficiency.
How to heal their psychological wounds? Effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims
Authors: Jamshidi Fateme , Rajabi Soran , Dehghani Yousef
Published: July 2020

Child abuse is increasingly known to be a risk factor for health in children across any nationality worldwide. Studies in this area have shown that child abuse, as a traumatic event, can lead to symptoms of PTSD, mind‐wandering and also suicidal ideation in adulthood. Although studies have shown significant effects of EMDR on a reduction in psychological symptoms in individuals with a history of trauma, further studies are needed regarding the specific effect of this treatment on reducing PTSD symptoms, suicidal ideations and mind‐wandering in female victims of child abuse. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EMDR therapy on reducing PTSD symptoms, suicidal ideations and mind‐wandering in female victims of child abuse. Thirty female victims were assigned to either EMDR or waiting list control in a randomised, double‐blind trial. The participants in the EMDR group attended eight twice‐weekly sessions. The participants were examined in pre‐test and post‐test with Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD (CMS), Child Abuse and Self‐Report Scale (CASRS), Mind‐Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ), Beck Scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI) and Brief Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES‐B). Results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that EMDR had a significant effect on reducing PTSD symptoms with an effect size of 0.72, suicidal ideations with an effect size of 0.53, and mind‐wandering with an effect size of 0.19. It can be concluded that this treatment is effective in improving PTSD, suicidal ideations and mind‐wandering in female victims of child abuse.
Don't forget the context when you are talking about organ donation: Social representations, shared mood and behaviour
Authors: Moloney Gail , Sutherland Michael , Bowling Alison , Upcroft Leah , Jagdish Parul P. , Walker Iain , Norton Maddison
Published: July 2020

The tenuous relationship between beliefs and behaviour is well known. What is less well‐known is how the context in which beliefs are elicited affects the salience of those beliefs and their subsequent effect on behaviour. Drawing from a dialogical approach within social representations theory, beliefs about organ donation were conceptualised as contradictory and interdependent. The context we examined was the collectively‐shared, positively charged mood at the pre‐game events of a sporting Grand Final. Two hundred and seventeen participants, who had not previously registered on the Australian Organ Donor Register (AODR), completed a survey measuring positive and negative beliefs about organ donation followed by an on‐the‐spot opportunity to register their donation decision on the AODR. Using Generalised Structural Equation Modelling, we show the salience of positive beliefs about organ donation increased with the strength of the positively shared mood; positive beliefs were negatively correlated with negative beliefs about organ donation, and the strength of negative beliefs in turn predicted the probability of registration. Positive beliefs were unrelated to registration. The findings highlight the role of themata in contradictory social thought, and how the context in which people consider organ donation can affect how people to they think about organ donation and subsequently their registration behaviour.
Follicular lymphoma associated paraneoplastic myositis
Authors: Melody Megan , Parrondo Ricardo , Alhaj Moustafa Muhamad , Wu Kevin , Menke David , Seim Lynsey , Tun Han W.
Published: July 2020

This case illustrates an unusual presentation of paraneoplastic myositis in stage IV follicular lymphoma managed with high‐dose steroids, a previously unreported entity in the literature.
Regression of CD30‐positive large cell transformation arising on patch lesion of early mycosis fungoides
Authors: Kubo Naoko , Itoh Munenari , Watanabe Yoshinori , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Asahina Akihiko
Published: July 2020

CD30‐positive large cell transformation that occurs in early mycosis fungoides potentially possesses characteristics of spontaneous regression as with CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders. Such transformation may not relate to poor prognosis.
Unusual presentation of a large glomus tympanicum with a coexisting cholesteatoma
Authors: Gulati Kartike
Published: July 2020

A glomus tympanicum with chronic infectious otorrhea should have a lower threshold for surgical exploration as an occult cholesteatoma may be present in a location difficult to diagnose without performing a tympanomastoidectomy.
Using photoelectron elliptical dichroism (PEELD) to determine real‐time variation of enantiomeric excess
Authors: Comby Antoine , Bond Caoimhe M.M. , Bloch Etienne , Descamps Dominique , Fabre Baptiste , Petit Stephane , Mairesse Yann , Greenwood Jason B. , Blanchet Valerie
Published: July 2020

In this work, the photoionization of chiral molecules by an elliptically polarized, high repetition rate, femtosecond laser is probed. The resulting 3D photoelectron angular distribution shows a strong forward–backward asymmetry, which is highly dependent not only on the molecular structure but also on the ellipticity of the laser pulse. By continuously varying the laser ellipticity, we can observe molecular and enantiomer changes in real time at a previously unseen speed and precision. The technique allows enantiomeric excess of a pure compound to be measured with a 5% precision within 3 s, and a 10‐min acquisition yields a precision of 0.4%. The isomers camphor and fenchone can be easily distinguished, unlike with conventional mass spectrometry. Preliminary results for the pharmaceutically interesting ibuprofen are also given, showing the capability of photoionization as a means of distinguishing larger molecular systems.
Asymmetric Catalytic [3+2] Annulation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropane with Cyclic Ketones: Facile Access to Enantioenriched 1‐Oxaspiro[4.5]decanes†
Authors: Zheng Zhong‐Bo , Cheng Wen‐Fu , Wang Lijia , Zhu Jun , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

A copper catalyzed enantioselective [3+2] annulation of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with cyclic ketones has been developed, providing a concise protocol to enantioenriched 1‐oxaspiro[4.5]decanes in up to 98% yield with up to >99/1 dr and up to 92% ee. In addition, this method also provides a facile access to the enantioselective desymmetrisation of various 4‐substituted cyclohexanones. The resulting products were easily converted to the core structures of two natural products Heliespirones A and halogenated sesquiterpene isolated from L. saitoi.
Finite‐Rank Perturbations of Random Band Matrices via Infinitesimal Free Probability
Authors: Au Benson
Published: July 2020

We prove a sharp transition for the infinitesimal distribution of a periodically banded GUE matrix. For bandwidths , we further prove that our model is infinitesimally free from the matrix units and the normalized all‐1’s matrix. Our results allow us to extend previous work of Shlyakhtenko on finite‐rank perturbations of Wigner matrices in the infinitesimal framework. For finite‐rank perturbations of our model, we find outliers at the classical positions from the deformed Wigner ensemble. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Efficient Detection and Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Cyclodextrin‐Modified Cellulose
Authors: Racicot Joan M. , Mako Teresa L. , Healey Anna , Hos Beria , Levine Mindy
Published: July 2020

Covalent functionalization of cellulose with β‐cyclodextrin by succinic acid‐promoted cross‐linking leads to a dual‐function material that efficiently promotes proximity‐induced energy transfer from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to squaraine fluorophores with high quantum yields, and removes PAHs from aqueous solution through non‐covalent binding. This material, which possesses a high functionalization density (0.17 μg/mm2 of cyclodextrin on cellulose), promotes energy transfer efficiencies as high as 58 % (for an anthracene donor in combination with a squaraine fluorophore acceptor), and leads to the removal of up to 91 % of a PAH (pyrene) from aqueous solution by mixing of the solution with the functionalized material. Overall, the high performance of this material in both proximity‐induced energy transfer and the removal of PAHs from water means that such a method has significant potential impact in a variety of real‐world environmental remediation scenarios.
Behavioral symptoms of eating disorders among adopted adolescents and young adults in the United States: Findings from the Add Health survey
Authors: Rossman Setareh M. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Franko Debra L. , Rose Jennifer , DuBois Russell , Weissman Ruth Striegel , Dierker Lisa C. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: July 2020

Objective

More adopted individuals report experiencing general psychopathology, poor parental attachment, and early childhood eating difficulties than nonadopted individuals, yet little is known about disordered eating in this population. This study sought to describe the relationship between adoption status and behavioral eating‐disorder (ED) symptoms, and to examine potential correlates of ED symptoms that are unique to adopted individuals.

Method

We examined data from adolescents and young adults from Waves 1 (nadopted = 561, nonadopted = 20,184), 2 (nadopted = 211, nonadopted = 14,525), and 3 (nadopted = 416, nonadopted = 14,754) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. ED symptom items included dieting, breakfast skipping, binge eating, extreme weight loss behaviors (EWLBs; i.e., self‐induced vomiting, laxative use, diet pill use) and lifetime ED diagnosis.

Results

Compared to nonadopted individuals, adopted individuals were more likely to report EWLBs at Wave 2 and binge eating and lifetime ED diagnosis at Wave 3 (ps < .05). Among adopted individuals, contact with a biological parent was associated with higher rates of binge eating and lifetime ED diagnosis at Wave 3 (ps < .05), whereas age at adoption and having ever been in foster care were not associated with rates of ED symptoms.

Discussion

This study provides preliminary evidence that being adopted may be a risk factor for certain behavioral symptoms of EDs. Given the benefits of early detection and treatment of ED symptoms, mental health professionals working with adopted individuals should assess for disordered eating.
Performance and Stability of Organic Solar Cells Bearing Nitrogen Containing Electron Extraction Layers
Authors: Meitzner Rico , Essomba Juliette , Alam Shahidul , Anand Aman , Engel Nora , Fulbert Kevin , Kuma Krisna , Ayuyasmin Fernanda , Islam Md Moidul , Ugokwe Chikezie , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoppe Harald
Published: July 2020

Charge extraction and transport layers represent an important component of organic solar cells. Many different material groups are reported for these layers. Two important classes are metal oxides and organic materials. Many of these organic materials which are used as electron extraction layers (EELs) are nitrogen containing. Therefore, it has been decided to study a broad array of—to the largest part so far not reported—amine and imine containing organic materials as EELs in organic solar cells and compare them with an archetypical metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL). It enables certain structure–property relationships to be obtained for the EELs and to understand what determines their performance to a large part. Furthermore, their effect on the stability of organic solar cells is studied and they are found to be reasonable replacements as a cheap, quickly processable, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and biodegradable alternative as compared with ETLs.
A review of the magnitude and response times for sediment yield reductions following the rehabilitation of gullied landscapes
Authors: Bartley Rebecca , Poesen Jean , Wilkinson Scott , Vanmaercke Matthias
Published: July 2020

Gully erosion is a major driver of elevated sediment yields across many areas of the globe, and considerable rehabilitation has occurred to reduce the amount of sediment eroded from gullies. However, compared to other forms of erosion, there has been little systematic review of the effectiveness of gully rehabilitation on reducing sediment yields.

This study reviewed the global literature to provide an understanding of the potential sediment yield reductions that can occur following the rehabilitation of gullied landscapes. We focused on studies reporting a measured response on how gully and catchment sediment yield has changed since treatment. A total of 37 studies were found that met this criterion. The studies were partitioned into three broad categories, including those focused on: (i) treating the catchment above the gully; (ii) installing treatments in the actual gully channel; and (iii) a combination of approaches which include treating both the catchment and the gully channel.

All the studies demonstrated a reduction in sediment yield following gully rehabilitation, with reported values ranging between 12 and 94%. The timeframes associated with the reductions in sediment yield varied considerably (2–80 years). Applying a variety of rehabilitation measures, which generally includes treating both the hillslope above the gully, and trapping sediment within the gully, appears to result in shorter (median) timescales for sediment yield reduction. Overall, this review indicates that gully rehabilitation strategies combining both engineering and vegetation measures are often the most successful. Engineering measures such as check dams are important for stabilizing sites in the early phases to support the revegetation of gullies and adjacent hillslopes. However, vegetation is the key to the long‐term success of gully rehabilitation. This is because many engineering structures eventually fail, or they have a limited life span as an active sediment trap. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The Effect of Flooding and Drainage Duration on the Release of Trace Elements from Floodplain Soils
Authors: Kelly Thomas J. , Hamilton Elliott , Watts Michael J. , Ponting Jessica , Sizmur Tom
Published: July 2020

Floodplains downstream of urban catchments are sinks for potentially toxic trace elements. An intensification of the hydrological cycle and changing land use will result in floodplains becoming inundated for longer durations in the future. We collected intact soil cores from a floodplain meadow downstream of an urban catchment and subjected them to an inundation/drainage cycle in the laboratory to investigate the effect of flood duration on trace element concentrations in the soil porewater. The porewater concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Zn increased, whereas Cu and Pb decreased with flood duration. All the Cr present in porewaters was identified as Cr(III). Copper concentrations increased after drainage but Pb mobility remained suppressed. Both pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased with flood duration but were lower in treatments that were drained for the longest duration (which were also the treatments flooded for the shortest duration). The porewater concentrations of Cr and Ni decreased after drainage to levels below those observed before inundation, mirroring the DOC concentrations. We concluded that the duration of floodplain inundation does have an influence on the environmental fate of trace elements but that flooding does not influence all trace elements in the same way. The implications of an intensification of the hydrological cycle over the coming decades are that floodplains may become a source of some trace elements to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2124–2135. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Extreme weather events that cause inundation of floodplains may result in the remobilization of historically deposited trace elements to the water column and an increase in trace element concentrations in rivers.
Inula racemosa and Digitalis purpurea from Kashmir: Fatty acid composition, antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and functional group evaluation
Authors: Rehman Nengroo Zubair , Rauf Abdul
Published: July 2020

Inula racemosa Hook. f. and Digitalis purpurea L. are aromatic medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, possessing diuretic, antiseptic, antitumor, and various other therapeutic properties. This study determined fatty acid composition by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in petroleum ether seed extracts. Moreover, antioxidant activity namely 2,2‐di‐phenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2ˈ‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), catalase, peroxidase, and in vitro antibacterial activity, functional group analysis were carried on seeds extracted through petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Extracted yield (wt. %) of seeds was significantly high. Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid found in I racemosa 52.87% and D purpurea 73.36%. All extracts showed powerful antioxidant and antibacterial activities especially at 100 and 100 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy numerous functional groups were found in all extracts. Therefore, from above study the I racemosa and D purpurea seeds could have valuable application in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Analytical study of heat and mass transfer in unsteady MHD radiant flow of Williamson nanofluid over stretching sheet with heat generation and chemical reaction
Authors: Walelign Tadesse , Kebede Tesfaye , Haile Eshetu , Walelgn Assaye
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the analytical study of heat and mass transfer in a two‐dimensional time‐dependent flow of Williamson nanofluid near a permeable stretching sheet by considering the effects of external magnetic field, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, thermal radiation, heat source, and chemical reaction. Suitable transformations are introduced to reformulate the governing equations and the boundary conditions convenient for computation. The resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations are then solved by the homotopy analysis method. The study on the effects of relevant parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles is analyzed and presented in graphical and tabular forms. Upon comparison of the present study with respect to some other previous studies, a very good agreement is obtained. The study points out that the transfer of heat can substantially be enhanced by decreasing viscoelasticity of the fluid and the transfer of mass can be facilitated by increasing permeability of the stretching sheet.
Thermal performance investigation of SWCNT and graphene quantum dots nanofluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger by using fin blade tubes
Authors: Rostami Mohammadreza Hasandust , Najafi Gholamhassan , Ghobadin Barat , Motevali Ali
Published: July 2020

The experimental study, thermal performance, and pressure drop of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanofluids in shell and tube heat exchanger with fin blade tubes are evaluated. The effects of the working fluid (water) volume flow rates ( 2.5–10 L/min), volume concentration of nanoparticles ( 0.0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%), Reynolds number of working fluid (Re = 850–3300), and tube building (heat exchanger with fin blade tubes and without fin blade tube) have been analyzed. Results represent that with augmentation of volume concentration of SWCNT nanoparticle up to 1%, heat transfer rate increases by ∼5% and then up to 5% volume concentration of SWCNT nanoparticle decreased about 17%, also this calculation for GQD nanoparticle conducted and results represented decreasing 6% and approximately unchanged heat transfer rate, respectively. With regard to obtained results, heat transfer rate of heat exchanger can be improved by using the fin blades by 188%, compered without fin blade heat exchanger also most related increase for pressure drop of heat exchanger was recorded about 80% for 5% SWCNT of nanofluid. At the end, the mean enhancement in effectiveness of heat exchanger with various concentrations of SWCNT and GQD nanofluids and using the fin blades is about over 100% and 85%, respectively. In fact, the present study shows that applying the new finned tubes in the heat exchanger has more impact, related to the mentioned nanoparticles on the thermal properties of heat exchanger.
Lung mechanics modifications facilitating metastasis are mediated in part by breast cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Barenholz‐Cohen Tamar , Merkher Yulia , Haj Jozafina , Shechter Dvir , Kirchmeier Daniela , Shaked Yuval , Weihs Daphne
Published: July 2020

Tumor microenvironment‐mechanics greatly affect tumor‐cell characteristics such as invasion and proliferation. We and others have previously shown that after chemotherapy, tumor cells shed more extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to tumor growth and even spread, via angiogenesis and the mobilization of specific bone‐marrow‐derived cells contributing to metastasis. However, physical, mechanobiological and mechanostructural changes at premetastatic sites that may support tumor cell seeding, have yet to be determined. Here, we collected tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (tEV) from breast carcinoma cells exposed to paclitaxel chemotherapy, and tested their effects on tissue mechanics (eg, elasticity and stiffness) of likely metastatic organs in cancer‐free mice, using shear rheometry. Cancer‐free mice were injected with saline or with tEVs from untreated cells and lung tissue demonstrated widely variable, viscoelastic mechanics, being more elastic than viscous. Contrastingly, tEVs from chemotherapy‐exposed cells induced more uniform, viscoelastic lung mechanics, with lower stiffness and viscosity; interestingly, livers were significantly stiffer than both controls. We observe statistically significant differences in softening of lung samples from all three groups under increasing strain‐amplitudes and in their stiffening under increasing strain‐frequencies; the groups reach similar values at high strain amplitudes and frequencies, indicating local changes in tissue microstructure. Evaluation of genes associated with the extracellular matrix and fibronectin protein‐expression revealed potential compositional changes underlying the altered mechanics. Thus, we propose that tEVs, even without cancer cells, contribute to metastasis by changing microstructures at distant organs. This is done partially by altering the composition and mechanostructure of tissues to support tumor cell invasion and seeding.
The investment behaviour of pension funds in alternative assets: Interest rates and portfolio diversification
Authors: Defau Laurens , De Moor Lieven
Published: July 2020

In the last decades, pension funds and other institutional investors have significantly increased their allocations to alternative assets: however, until today, there is no empirical research that evaluates this growth. In the pension fund industry, experts point at two important reasons for the growing interest in alternative assets: historically low interest rates and trends in portfolio diversification. The aim of this article is to assess whether these factors actually have an impact on the investment behaviour of pension funds in alternative assets. For this article, we analysed the CEM Benchmarking Inc. database with pension funds from North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The empirical analysis includes 890 pension funds for the period 2000–2015. The results confirm that portfolio diversification trends play an essential role in the growing popularity of alternative assets, most probably because these assets allow the pension funds to optimize their portfolio structure. Furthermore, our results reject the popular belief that pension funds have increased their allocations to alternative assets because of the low interest rate environment; in contrast, our findings suggest that pension funds invest more in alternative assets when interest rates are higher.
What drives the duration of credit booms?
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a new perspective on the study of credit booms by both examining what determines their duration and testing for relevant political features. The results from the estimation of a discrete‐time duration model show that both the economic and the political environment influence the duration of credit booms. These events are found to last longer when: (a) the economy is growing faster; (b) levels of liquidity in the banking system are lower; (c) current account position deteriorates; (d) centre parties are in office; and (e) with coalitions/minority governments. Evidence of a political cycle in the duration of credit booms is also detected. Additionally, this study shows that credit booms that end up in banking crises last longer but this effect can be offset by a higher degree of Central Bank independence. Hence, a monetary authority that is not influenced by political pressures is essential to prevent the unfolding of credit booms into banking crises.
Leverage in family firms: The moderating role of female directors and board quality
Authors: Poletti‐Hughes Jannine , Martínez Garcia Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Grounded in the agency, socioemotional wealth and resource dependence theories, we study how debt decisions are influenced by family control and how such relationship is moderated by an internal corporate governance mechanism, the quality of the board of directors. Our results show that family‐controlled firms use more leverage at lower levels of family ownership to retain family control over the business, but once their socioemotional wealth is fulfilled at higher levels of ownership, they decrease leverage in pursuit of conservative financing policies. These actions are found to be moderated by board quality (i.e., experience and expertise) and female directors (predominantly independent).
The impact of climate variability on water footprint components of rainfed wheat and barley in the Qazvin province of Iran*
Authors: Nazari Rasta , Ramezani Etedali Hadi , Nazari Bijan , Collins Brian
Published: July 2020

Due to shortage of precipitation, rainfed farming in Iran is facing numerous challenges. Understanding the impact of climate variables on the production of rainfed crops in each region is of utmost importance for dry farming. Based on 11‐year (2004–2015) data from synoptic stations in the Qazvin province of Iran, a comprehensive simulation analysis was conducted with AquaCrop‐GIS to study the yield and the green and grey water footprint (WF) of the main rainfed crops (wheat and barley) along with the correlation of the target variables (yield and WF components) with the selected climate variables. Based on the estimated values of green and grey WFs, planting of rainfed wheat and barley at Qazvin and Moalem Kalayeh stations with lower total WF will be more beneficial than at other stations. Regression analysis showed that at most stations, reference evapotranspiration had a direct effect on wheat total WF (TWF), while precipitation has a positive effect on barley TWF at Qazvin and Moalem Kalayeh. The regression equation of barley green WF at the Qazvin station showed the highest correlation with climate variables (R2 = 0.98). TWF of wheat and barley at Buin Zahra had the highest correlation with climate variables (R2 = 0.73 and 0.85, respectively). Finally, it was concluded that in arid regions, the variability in TWF of rainfed products is greatly influenced by spatio‐temporal variations of climate variables. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nephrology practice and research network opinion paper: Pharmacists' perspectives on the Advancing American Kidney Health initiative
Authors: Meaney Calvin J. , Manley Harold J. , Pai Amy Barton , Battistella Marisa , Hudson Joanna Q. , St. Peter Wendy L.
Published: July 2020

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for clinically significant medication therapy problems (MTPs) due primarily to the complex pharmacotherapy prescribed by numerous providers, and the significant changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many medications due to their kidney disease. While MTPs are well recognized, pharmacists are not routinely involved in the health care teams that provide care for patients with CKD. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative was announced in July 2019 and is poised to shift models of care in nephrology toward value‐based payment. This represents an opportunity for pharmacists to integrate into teams to improve quality of care and outcomes for patients with CKD. Pharmacists should engage in medication reconciliation, transitions of care, and medication‐focused kidney disease education programs within a comprehensive medication management (CMM) framework to optimize pharmacotherapy outcomes. To implement these services, pharmacists need to utilize certified pharmacy technicians, telehealth, interprofessional skills, and other tools in innovative ways. Current models of successful practice from Canada can serve as a template for United States‐based nephrology pharmacy practice. In this opinion paper, we characterize the current state of nephrology practice and identify significant opportunities for advancement. We propose metrics to evaluate pharmacy services and a framework for key stakeholder engagement which will be critical to advance the profession of pharmacy within nephrology. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative offers a distinct opportunity to demonstrate the value of CMM provided by pharmacists in the nephrology arena to optimize patient care.
Label‐free discrimination and selection of cancer cells from blood during flow using holography‐induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Dudaie Matan , Nissim Noga , Barnea Itay , Gerling Tobias , Duschl Claus , Kirschbaum Michael , Shaked Natan T.
Published: July 2020

We present a method for label‐free imaging and sorting of cancer cells in blood, which is based on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip and label‐free interferometric phase microscopy. The chip used for imaging has been embedded with dielectrophoretic electrodes, and therefore it can be used to sort the cells based on the decisions obtained during the cell flow by the label‐free quantitative imaging method. Hence, we obtained a real‐time, automatic, label‐free imaging flow cytometry with the ability to sort the cells during flow. To validate our model, we combined into the label‐free imaging interferometer a fluorescence imaging channel that indicated the correctness of the label‐free sorting. We have achieved above 98% classification success and 69% sorting accuracy at flow rates of 4 to 7 μL hr−1. In the future, this method is expected to help in label‐free sorting of circulating tumor cells in blood following an initial state‐of‐the‐art cell enrichment.
Financial inadequacy and the disadvantageous changes in time perspective and goal‐striving strategies throughout life
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ren , Ford Michael T.
Published: July 2020

As inequality in wealth and income continues to grow, it is important to consider the implications of financial disparities for worker motivation and behavior. While workers with socioeconomic disadvantages have a decreased chance of career success and upward social mobility, the potential mechanisms linking financial status to work motivation outcomes are not fully known. Drawing on theory on resource scarcity, we address this issue and propose that financial inadequacy shapes the extent to which workers consider and plan for the future, with consequences for goal‐striving strategies throughout adulthood. Latent change analyses of data from a heterogeneous sample of 4,446 working adults largely supported the hypotheses. Results showed that a high level of financial inadequacy predicted increases in short‐term time horizon and decreases in future‐oriented planning, which then predicted disadvantageous changes in goal‐striving strategies over an 18‐year period. Short‐term time horizon also predicted subsequent increases in financial inadequacy. By highlighting the motivational challenges associated with inadequate finances that accompany low‐wage employment, our study offers evidence for the motivational mechanisms that may reinforce economic inequality and social mobility in the workforce.
Raccoon Pelt Price and Trapper Harvest Relationships Are Temporally Inconsistent
Authors: Bauder Javan M. , Stodola Kirk W. , Benson Thomas J. , Miller Craig A. , Allen Maximilian L.
Published: July 2020

Trapping data have a long and rich history of use in monitoring furbearer populations in North America but understanding the influences of variation in trapper harvest is important. Many factors besides abundance can cause variation in trapper harvest, including socioeconomics, weather, and motivation. The relationships between these extrinsic factors and trapper harvest may change temporally, which may obscure the causal understanding of variation in trapper harvest. We tested for changes in the relationships between pelt price and trapper numbers, and pelt price and harvest per trapper for raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Illinois, USA, from 1976–2018 while controlling for other socioeconomic (gasoline price, unemployment) and weather (temp, snow depth) factors. The annual raccoon harvest showed no clear trend, whereas the number of raccoon trappers declined markedly from approximately 1976–1990 in conjunction with pelt prices, after which the number of trappers remained relatively stable and were not significantly affected by pelt price. In contrast, harvest per trapper increased markedly during the 1990s and showed a significant negative relationship with pelt price pre‐1990 but a positive relationship post‐1990. We propose that declines in pelt prices resulted in a loss of less experienced or economically incentivized trappers, whereas contemporary trappers may continue trapping primarily for non‐economic reasons. Our study highlights the potential for using non‐linear relationships between trapper harvest data and socioeconomic covariates to help understand the influences of temporal variation in trapper harvest data. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Diet and Prey Selection of Dholes in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests of Southeast Asia
Authors: Kamler Jan F. , Thatdokkham Khamtai , Rostro‐García Susana , Bousa Anita , Caragiulo Anthony , Crouthers Rachel , In Visattha , Pay Chen , Pin Chanratana , Prum Sovanna , Vongkhamheng Chantavy , Johnson Arlyne , Macdonald David W.
Published: July 2020

Endangered dholes (Cuon alpinus) are restricted to small and declining populations in Southeast Asia, and little is known about how their ecology differs within the region. We used DNA‐confirmed scats and prey surveys to determine the seasonal diet and prey selection of dholes in 2 different landscapes that dominate Southeast Asia: closed evergreen forests in hilly terrain in northern Laos, and open deciduous forests in relatively flat terrain in eastern Cambodia. On both sites, muntjac (Muntiacus spp.; 20–28 kg) was the dominant prey item and was selectively consumed over other ungulates in all seasons. Our findings differ from previous conclusions, based largely on studies from India, that the preferred prey weight range of dholes was either 40–60 kg or 130–190 kg. Other important prey were sambar (Rusa unicolor) in Laos, and wild pig (Sus scrofa) and banteng (Bos javanicus) in Cambodia. Seasonal differences in overall diet occurred in Laos, but not Cambodia, primarily because of an increase in livestock consumption. The mean number of dhole scats in group defecation sites was higher in Cambodia (5.9 ± 0.5 [SE]) than Laos (2.4 ± 0.2), suggesting pack sizes were larger in Cambodia. Our results suggest that regardless of land cover type, prey diversity, or pack size, the management of muntjac will be important for conserving dhole populations in Southeast Asia. In Laos, we recommend that local villagers remove livestock from the protected area during the hot‐dry season to reduce livestock predation by dholes. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Straw management stabilizes the chemical composition ofSoil Organic Carbon (SOC): the relationship with aggregate‐associated C in a rice‐rape cropping system
Authors: Kubar Kashif Ali , Huang Li , Xue Bin , Li Xiaokun , Lu Jianwei
Published: July 2020

Soil organic matter stored in soil aggregate fractions is a major soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization process. The distribution of SOC within soil aggregate fractions and their association with SOC chemical compounds in the agroecosystem is not well understood. Our long‐term study (6 and 9 years) in central China examined the effects of tillage and straw management practices on chemical functional components of SOC, SOC contents of soil aggregates, and the relationship of the SOC composition with aggregate‐associated C in a rice‐rape cropping system. The soil samples from 2 sites were separated into six aggregate classes (>5, 5–2, 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25, and <0.25 mm) by a wet‐sieving method. Chemical composition of SOC was assessed by CPMAS13C NMR, FTIR and SEM techniques. Among all chemical components of the SOC, O‐alkyl C was the most important C type, which increased (about 54–110%) at both our sites, although aromatic C increased (about 30%) and carbonyl C decreased at one site ‐ Jingzhou after straw was returned. While, aromatic, carboxylic, aliphatic and amide components were stabilized after straw return. Alkyl C and O‐alkyl C ratio were enhanced after straw return but the aromaticity index and hydrophobicity index altered in the studied sites. Among all defined aggregates, approximately 10–18% of SOC was stored in >5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm aggregates and 5–10% was stored in other aggregate fractions (1–0.5 mm, 0.5–0.25 mm and <0.25 mm) after straw return. SOC Chemical components were positively and negatively correlated with aggregate‐associated C fractions. This study concluded that straw management improved the chemical composition of SOC and increased the SOC contents of bulk soil as well as helped store more organic matter in macroaggregates.