bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mathematical method of assessing the impact of factors weakly embedded in the regression modeling
Authors: Roslyakova N. A.
Published: August 2018

Тhe article shows a methodology which allows to include some data in econometric study. Based on methods mathematical and nonparametric statistics the author shows how to estimate variables and how to formulate meaningful conclusions.
The use of the indicative approach to the analysis of threats to economic security of regions
Authors: Suglobov A. E. , Tolebayeva В. Т. , Kukeyeva M. Zh.
Published: August 2018

The article considers the directions of ensuring economic security of the regions, indicators of its measurement, recommendations for the strengthening of the protection of regional economies.
Branch risks of crediting of the non-financial sector
Authors: Agapova T. N. , Мalinina N. А.
Published: August 2018

The analysis of branch risk when crediting the non-financial sector is focused on a question of what can possibly happen in the internal environment of functioning of the borrower as the environment surrounding him is directly defined by market condition, demand and other factors which are out of control of the borrower or the creditor.
Effective contract as a basis for quality management of universities
Authors: Barkovskaya V. E.
Published: August 2018

The article explores the features of innovative development of regional universities, analyzes the system for assessing the effectiveness of teachers' work, presents recommendations for the development of new methods for assessing the effectiveness of the teaching staff of regional universities.
State policy measures to stimulate the development of the tube industry
Authors: Malyutina T. D.
Published: August 2018

The article considers measures of state stimulation of the development of the pipe-rolling industry. The positive trends in the implementation of the state policy to stimulate the development of the tube-rolling industry are generalized, and the problems of the development of the tube-rolling industry in the modern Russian market are systematized. Based on the results of the study, the main priorities of the state policy to stimulate the development of the pipe-rolling industry.
Comparative analysis of the accounting mechanism of depreciation in the USSR and Russia
Authors: Ivanovа A. N.
Published: August 2018

Today the Russian economy has a high level of the depreciation of fixed assets. The reason of such condition is an inappropriate use of depreciation funds. The USSR’s accounting system did not allow this operation. Because of that, this article deals with analyzing of the USSR’s accounting of depreciation and comparison it with Russian current model. Such analysis helps to identify tool of providing targeted use of depreciation resources and realize rules of their operation.
Organization of Skype for Business service monitoring to optimize the services support Department
Authors: Grigorieva S. V. , Igoshkina N. G. , Vasilyeva O. G.
Published: August 2018

This article is devoted to the development of a monitoring system for Skype for Business service to optimize the services support Department. The development of the system was performed using the software of Microsoft Power BI. The developed monitoring system is able to perform the following functions: the ability to monitor the trend in the use of the service; prompt update of data in the system; monitoring of the most frequent errors; determining the trend of errors; collection of information about the quality of calls; collecting impact.
Competitive-integrated benchmarking as an instrument increase of competitiveness of the enterprise
Authors: Dzhamaldinova M. D. , Kurdukova N. O.
Published: August 2018

Results of a research of a concept of competitiveness of the organization are presented in article, competitiveness assessment methods are studied and analysed. Special attention is paid to a benchmarking research: to studying of essence, concept, classification and stages of realization, as one of effective modern tools of an assessment of competitiveness and development of the development strategy of the organization.
Analysis of models of the density of the probability distribution of the envelope signal reflected from extended objects
Authors: Artyushenko V. M. , Vasilyev N. A. , Stavrovskiy E. M. , Samarov K. L.
Published: August 2018

Reviewed and analyzed issues associated with the analysis of patterns of density probability distribution of the envelope of the signal reflected from the extended objects that are used in the analysis and synthesis of radio engineering devices of short-range radiolocation.
Recommendations for deploying multidimensio
Authors: Akimkina E. E.
Published: August 2018

A comparative analysis of different approaches to analytical data and shows that the most ample opportunities has a multi-dimensional approach, implemented with the help of OLAP technology. Presented multidimensional OLAP-cube model with the measurements for the analysis and processing of process data. Practical recommendations for the deployment of a multidimensional data modeling systems with regard to their integration into existing enterprise management system.
Brief results of the analysis of current state and global trends in the development of The International Cospas-Sarsat Programme terminals
Authors: Epifanov M. А.
Published: August 2018

The article presents brief results of the analysis of the subscriber segment of the international space search and rescue system COSPAS-SARSAT. Proposals on the nomenclature of emergency subscriber emergency terminals and direction finders are presented, which are necessary for development and production in batch production in Russia, in order to prevent a backlog in this area and to implement the import substitution program. The recommendations are developed taking into account the materials discussed at the working technical groups, the Joint Committee and the COSPAS-SARSAT Council in recent years, as well as the results of the technical analysis of the nomenclature of terminals produced and developed by foreign companies. In addition, the development of recommendations takes into account the main current and prospective directions for the development of Russia's economy and industry.
Features of measurements of thermoradiation characteristics of αs, ε materials on the integrated photometer FM-59M and thermoradiometer TRM-I
Authors: Ozersky M. D. , Shamaev A. M. , Prosvirikov V. M.
Published: August 2018

The paper describes the features of the measurements of the thermoradiation characteristics of materials: the absorption coefficient of solar radiation-αs and the emission coefficient – ε on compact integral devices: the FM 59M photometer and the TPM-I thermoradiometer. The results of the determination of αs, ε are compared. on the FM-59M photometer and TPM-I thermoradiometer with the results obtained on the basis of recording the reflection spectra on highprecision spectral devices. The main errors in the determination of αs, ε on the integral photometer FM-59M and thermoradiometer TRM-I are indicated, and methods for their elimination are proposed.
The choice of the composition of the metal transition for the combustion chamber of low-thrust liquid thruster
Authors: Razina A. S. , Astasheva N. P.
Published: August 2018

When replacing the metal combustion chambers of a low-thrust liquid rocket engine to combustion chambers made of carbon-ceramic composite material, a problem arises between the connection of metal and carbon-ceramic. To solve this problem, in this work presents the results of strength calculations of the connection of various materials in the form of a transition ring. Replacement of the material will avoid the effect of thermal coefficients of linear expansion on the operation of a low-trust liquid rocket engine to maintain the tightness of the joint node when exposed to operating temperatures.
Ascomicetos hipogeos de la región occidental del Sistema Volcánico Transversal, México
Authors: Gómez Reyes Víctor Manuel , Vázquez Marrufo Gerardo , Ortega Gómez Alba María , Guevara Guerrero Gonzalo
Published: August 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En México se han reportado 42 especies de ascomicetos con hábito hipogeo; son pocas considerando el conocimiento de otros grupos de hongos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad y distribución de especies de hongos hipogeos para México.Métodos: Se realizaron recolectas en diversos tipos de vegetación del Sistema Volcánico Transversal en la porción occidental perteneciente al estado de Michoacán. El material se fotografió y describió siguiendo los protocolos para el grupo.Resultados clave: Se presentan la descripción y discusión de seis especies de ascomicetos con hábito hipogeo, Elaphomyces appalachiensis, Genea mexicana, Genabea cerebriformis, Hydnobolites cerebriformis, Tuber pseudoseparans y T. tequilanum.Conclusiones: Los registros representan nuevas localidades para el país y primeras citas para la micobiota del estado de Michoacán. Se incrementa la distribución de Elaphomyces appalachiensis, Genabea cerebriformis e Hydnobolites cerebriformis, conocidos de los Estados Unidos de América y el Norte de México, hasta el Sistema Volcánico Transversal, mientras que Genea mexicana, Tuber pseudoseparans y T. tequilanum solo se conocen en este sistema montañoso.
The Largest Externalities Ever
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: August 2018

The notion of an externality is firmly grounded in economic theory. But it is not undone by itself. To eliminate external effects like the GHGs and its terrible consequences like sea level rise, droughts and unpredictable weather manifestations, policy-making and policy implementation or management is required. It all depends upon incentives and available technology. The PD nature of global coordination is a major hindrance, which is also true of the lack of large scale geo-engineering. It is increasingly likely that neither global coordination nor country resilience will be able to manage the consequences of this evolution towards a hotter state for Planet Earth.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF TAXUS WALLICHIANA
Authors: Bhat Muzafar Ahmad , Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Dar Khalid Bashir , Ali Rohaya , Hamid Rabia
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Taxus wallichiana, the member of family Taxaceae is used for the cure of various ailments by a large ethnic population native to the forests in Kashmir valley. The aim of this study is to evaluate antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective action of T. wallichiana as claimed by the ethnic population segment. Methods: Antioxidant potential of different T. wallichiana extracts was evaluated by estimating the total phenolics, 1,1-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, microsomal lipid peroxidation (LPO), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity through standard protocols. Hepatoprotective activity of T. wallichiana was determined by evaluation of liver marker enzyme (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) levels using standard protocols and by histological analysis of rat liver tissues of different animal groups against CCl4 induced liver damage. Results: Phenolic content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g) was found maximum in case of ethanolic extract (153.34 mg GAE/g), followed by extracts of methanol (149.24 mg GAE/g), hexane (134 mg GAE/g), ethyl acetate (128.9 mg GAE/g), chloroform (121.37 mg GAE/g), and aqueous (113.00 mg GAE/g). At concentration of 700 μg/ml, DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extract was 88.29% with IC50 (212.00 μg/ml), aqueous (82.47%) with IC50 (258.29 μg/ml), and ethyl acetate (79.57%) with IC50 (301.80%μg/ml). The reducing power of the extracts increased in a concentration dependent manner. At concentration of 700 μg/ml, 79%, 68%, and 56% inhibition was observed with extracts of methanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate on microsomal LPO with IC50 values of 126.09, 168.83, and151.96 μg/ml, respectively. Superoxide radical scavenging activity of T. wallichiana extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values 170.30 μg/ml (methanol), 257.00 μg/ml (aqueous), and 297.55 μg/ml ethyl acetate extract. T. wallichiana extracts exhibited antioxidant effects on calf thymus DNA damage. The results further depict the hepatoprotective action of T. wallichiana extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg and were comparable with that of standard treatment comprising 50 mg/kg-day of Vitamin C, a known hepatoprotective agent. The data were substantiated with histopathological studies of rat liver sections. Conclusion: These results comprehensively depict that T. wallichiana extracts are endowed with the free radical sequestering potential and be employed as potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective arsenal against many oxidative stress linked diseases.
CORRELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF MOTHER AND THE BIRTH WEIGHT OF THE BABY
Authors: Salunkhe Avinash H , Pratinidhi Asha , Sv Kakade , Salunkhe Jyoti A , Mohite Vaishali R , Bhosale Trupti
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to correlate mother’s nutritional status during pregnancy and determine the birth weight of the baby.Methods: A comparative, exploratory approach and prospective cohort study design was used to find out mothers’ nutritional status during pregnancy influences the birth weight of babies. The data were collected using structured interview schedule and dietary history by 24 h recall method from a randomly selected sample of 380 eligible mothers delivered at Krishna Hospital, Karad.Results: There was a significant correlation between birth weight and calorie intake (correlation coefficient [r]=0.595; p<0.001; Chi-square=201.3; p<0.001.) A higher proportion of low birth weight babies, i.e., 105 (32.2%) were delivered by the mothers consuming <70% of protein ([r]=0.245; p<0.001; χ2=24.033; p<0.001]). There was correlation between birth weight and calcium intake of mothers ([r]=0.525; p<0.001; χ2=10.12; p<0.001] “birth” weight and iron intake of mothers ([r]=0.250; p<0.001; χ2=13.798; p<0.001).Conclusion: The intake of calorie, protein, calcium, and iron of mother can significantly influence the weight of the newborn baby. Among all anthropometric parameters of the mother, weight gain was the strongest predictor of adequacy of the birth weight.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON HYPOTHESIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, AND ROLE OF VITAMINS IN ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jose Rosmi , N Venketeswaramurthy , R Sambath Kumar
Published: August 2018

This review describes about the literatures addressing the role of vitamin supplementation in schizophrenia. Evidence is suggesting that vitamin supplementation includes Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin B complex, and Vitamin C may be important in treatment. In schizophrenia, patients may have increased level of homocysteine (Hcy), due to the polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The vitamins main effects are reduced the Hcy level and maintain dopamine and serotonin levels. Add-on treatment with high-dose B vitamins including B6, B9, and B12 and also Vitamin D can significantly reduce symptoms of schizophrenia more than standard treatments alone.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF 2’-BROMO-4-METHOXY-3-NITRO BENZIL, 2,2’-DIBROMO BENZIL, AND 4,4’-DICHLORO BENZIL
Authors: G Nithya , R Sudha , Kanakam Charles C
Published: August 2018

Objective: A series of benzil compounds have been synthesized by oxidation of corresponding benzoins which in turn were prepared from respective aldehydes. Using this protocol, three new benzils were prepared in good-to-excellent yields and their biological activity has been delineated.Methods: Molecular docking studies were conducted to validate the obtained pharmacological data and to provide understandable evidence for the observed antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds. Several benzils exhibited excellent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. To determine the cytotoxic effects, we used an MTT viability assay.Results: The results showed that cell growth is significantly lower in extract-treated cells compared to untreated control. The effect of inhibition of cell growth was shown in different concentration dosages for cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity in vitro.Discussion: The antimicrobial activity results indicated that some of the tested compounds showed the most promising antibacterial activities. These observations may promote a further development of our research in this field. The antioxidant activity was also performed for the compound benzil and its substituted analogs.
COMPARING THE EFFECT OF TWO METHODS OF ANESTHESIA INDUCTION ON CONSCIOUSNESS DURING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Nanaei Farhad , Adarvishi Sara , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Sekhavatpour Zohre
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Consciousness during anesthesia is a non-reversible complication that may expose the patient to severe, long-term, emotional injuries and post-traumatic stress. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of two methods of induction maintenance of anesthesia with thiopental sodium–remifentanil and propofol–alfentanil on consciousness during orthopedic surgery using a bispectral index (BIS) device.Methods: In this triple-blind clinical trial, 111 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery in Dezful Hospital (southwestern Iran) were investigated. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: The intervention Group “A” received thiopental for the induction of and fentanyl for maintenance and intervention Group “B” received propofol and alfentanil. The patients underwent BIS monitoring before the end of surgery, and the BIS value was recorded. The Brice questionnaire was used to measure the consciousness. The data were analyzed using repeated Measure ANOVA test.Results: In the intervention Groups A and B, the mean BIS score was 63.71 and 60.62 in the first 5 min after surgery, reaching 65.25 and 67.73 60 min after surgery, respectively. The results of repeated measures ANOVA test showed that the mean BIS score was significantly different from the preoperative value (baseline) group during repeated measurements after surgery (5, 10, 15, 30, 40, and 60 min) (p<0.001). According to the Brice questionnaire, the prevalence of hearing loss during surgery showed a statistically significant difference between the two intervention Groups (A and B), and the incidence of hearing during surgery in intervention Group “B” was approximately 3 times higher than intervention Group “A” (odds ratio=3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–7.79).Conclusion: The results indicate that none of the induction and maintenance pharmacologic methods have any superiority in terms of optimal depth of anesthesia in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOSOMAL-ENCAPSULATED GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF FLUCONAZOLE
Authors: S Princely , Md Dhanaraju
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The present objective for the study was to prepare proliposomal gel bearing an antifungal agent, fluconazole (FLZ) intended for topical application.Methods: Various proliposome formulations were prepared using thin-film hydration technique by varying the lipid phase composition (phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol). Proliposome formulations were characterized for vesicle size, vesicle size distribution, vesicle morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency, percentage yield value, storage stability analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro diffusion study, release kinetic studies, and antifungal activity. Topical proliposomal gels were prepared by incorporation of lyophilized proliposome into a structured vehicle carbopol 934 (2.5%).Results: A spherical shape of reconstituted FLZ liposome with an average vesicle about 5–8 μm was observed in photomicrographs. The percentage entrapment of drug was increased with increase in phospholipid composition in the range of 55.13–69.61%. The FTIR and DSC studies showed no possible drug-excipient interaction. Proliposomal gel showed the prolonged release of FLZ than the lyophilized liposomes. The release kinetic values of regression coefficients confirmed the diffusion-dependent release of the drug. Stability studies indicated that product is stable and should be stored at low temperature.Conclusion: The proposed FLZ proliposomal gel showed sustained release with enhanced antifungal activity implicating its potential in effective transdermal delivery for the topical pharmacotherapy.
LETROZOLE WITH OR WITHOUT GONADOTROPIN AS A FIRST-LINE OVULATION INDUCTION IN ANOVULATORY INFERTILE WOMEN DUE TO POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Alizzi Fadia J
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the clinical outcome of using letrozole alone or with gonadotropin as first-line ovulation induction in anovulatory infertile polycystic ovary women. Methods: A prospective single-arm study. 80 infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women had been recruited between January and October 2017. Letrozole on day 2–3 of the cycle was given. The women are sorted into two groups according to the size of the dominant follicle on day 7 or 8, Group A (letrozole only group) and Group B (letrozole plus gonadotropin).Results: In our study, the overall pregnancy rate was (67.5%) and ovulation rate was 91.3%. The ovulation rate was significantly higher in Subgroup A than B (97.9% vs. 81.3%). Pregnancy rate was higher in Subgroup A (72.9% vs. 59.4%), but it was statistically not significant. The number of follicles was significantly higher in Subgroup B. Endometrial thickness, miscarriages, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and multiple pregnancies were not statistically significant. Lower cycle number independently and significantly predict clinical pregnancy, while body mass index has a modest effect.Conclusions: Letrozole alone or in combination with gonadotropin as a first-line treatment in PCOS may be reasonable since this approach may improve the success rate and minimize the overall costs and risks.
CORRELATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF AMLA AND GINGER
Authors: Kulsum Safeena , Suresh Amritha , Mehta Alka
Published: August 2018

Objective: Our study focused on evaluating the anticancer property of ascorbic acid and aqueous extract of amla and ginger.Methods: Antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid, aqueous extract of amla, and ginger was obtained by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Vero cell line, PA-1, Cal-27, Cal-27 CisR, and DysMSCTR16 cell lines were treated with antioxidants to evaluate its antiproliferative property using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Colony and spheroid formation assays were also carried out in the presence of extracts to assess its role in anticancer stem cell activity.Results: Two volumes of amla 5 μl (~0.016 g) and 25 μl (~0.08 g) and ginger 5 μl (~0.02 g) and 25 μl (~0.1 g) showed TAC activity equivalent to 0.25 mM and 2 mM ascorbic acid, respectively. Amla and ascorbic acid showed significant antiproliferative property in normal (Vero) p=0.05, cancer (PA-1, Cal-27) p=0.005, and resistant (Cal-27 CisR) p=0.05 cell lines and ginger extract in Vero and Cal-27 cell lines (p=0.05). In PA-1 and Cal-27 CisR cell line, ginger extract showed proliferative activity (p=0.005). Antioxidants showed no antiproliferative activity in DysMSCTR16 cells. Amla extract and ascorbic acid showed significant inhibitory effect on spheroid (p=0.005) and colony formation capacity (p=0.0005) among dysplastic, cancer, and resistant cell lines. Ginger showed inhibitory effect (p=0.05) only in colony formation capacity.Conclusion: Overall, we found a strong correlation between antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of ascorbic acid, amla, and ginger. Amla and ascorbic acid proved to be effective in controlling cell proliferation and self-renewal properties of cancer cells. However, ginger was found to have selective and less antiproliferative effect in comparison to amla.
THE INHIBITION OF POLYISOPRENOIDS FROM NYPA FRUTICANS LEAVES ON CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 EXPRESSION OF WIDR COLON CANCER CELLS
Authors: Sari Dini Permata , Basyuni Mohammad , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Wati Ridha
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of polyisoprenoids from Nypa fruticans leaves on the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) against colon cancer cells.Methods: Anticancer activity performed was tested by dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method on colon cancer cell WiDr. The expression of COX-2 was observed by the immunocytochemistry method.Result: Polyisoprenoids from N. fruticans leaves exhibit anticancer activity on WiDr cells through inhibition of COX-2 expression with IC50 180.186±7.16 μg/ml.Conclusions: This study showed that polyisoprenoids from N. fruticans leaves promise chemopreventive agents for colon cancer through COX-2 inhibition.
DRUG UTILIZATION ANALYSIS OF ANTI-SNAKE VENOM AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN CENTRAL MAHARASHTRA: A 3-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Asawale Ketan Y , Mehta Mukesh C , Uike Pravin S
Published: August 2018

Objectives: In India, snakebite is a major public health problem. Anti-snake venom serum (ASVS) is the definitive treatment for poisonous snakebites. However, the non-availability of effective ASVS to treat the specific types of snakebite envenomation encountered in various regions of the world has become a critical health issue at global level. In the present observational descriptive study, we observed the prescribing pattern and rationality of ASVS and the dosage of ASVS at our hospital and compared them with the standard guidelines in the treatment of snakebite cases with the aim to observe optimum utilization of ASVS.Methods: Data collection of registered cases of snakebite of 3 years from January to December 2012, 2013, and 2014 was carried out between January 2015 and December 2015.Results: A total of 935 cases were studied. ASVS treatment was given to 774 cases of snakebite, out of which 161 had no bite marks and 613 patients had bite marks. Majority (615 [79.45%]) of cases were treated with 1–20 vials of ASVS during total stay at center. Overall, 899 cases were discharged, among them 606 cases were not followed the World Health Organization guidelines. 29 cases succumbed and seven were referred to other center. The mortality observed during the 3 years was 3.10%.Conclusion: We observed individualized treatment for treatment with ASVS, thereby reducing the use of ASVS. Thus, we conclude that individualized approach depending on locally predominant snakes for the treatment of snakebite based on the degree of envenomation is a way by which the scarce ASVS can be used optimally.
CONSUMPTION AND BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO AMINOGLYCOSIDES AT SUDANESE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Bakheit Einas A , Elhag Kamal M , Abduelkarem Abduelmula R , Basheer Nada A
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe patterns of antimicrobial resistance to gentamicin (Gen) and amikacin (Ak) among Gram-negative aerobic bacteria during 1-year period and to determine the association between antibiotic resistance and the consumption of Gen.Methods: Aminoglycosides consumption at Soba University Hospital wards was measured and susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria for the same period was evaluated. Consumption data were converted to defined daily doses (DDDs)/100 bed days based on DDD/anatomical therapeutic chemical the WHO system. The association between the frequency of strains resistant to Gen and Ak and their consumption was assessed by linear regression analysis using Spearman’s correlation. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: A total of 973 Gram-negative isolates were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to Gen and Ak. Resistance to Gen alone was found to be 19.42%; n=189, resistance to Ak alone was found to be 3.08%; n=30, and resistance to Gen plus Ak was found to be 5.24%; n=51. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant pathogen to Ak plus Gen (2.26%; n=22). A positive correlation between the increases in the use of Gen and the prevalence of bacterial resistance among hospital wards was found (correlation coefficient r=0.6; p=0.04).Conclusion: Gen and Ak are still highly active antimicrobial agents for the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria at times of intensified resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Monitoring the use of aminoglycosides is very important too.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL DISINTEGRATING FILM OF ATENOLOL
Authors: P Sanjay , N Vishal Gupta , Dv Gowda , Sivadasu Praveen
Published: August 2018

Objective: The main objective of the study was to formulate the oral disintegrating films loaded with atenolol by solvent-casting method and to carry out its evaluation studies.Methods: The films were prepared using the film-forming hydrophilic polymer like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E-5) and super disintegrant like pectin in various proportions.The formulated oral films were characterized for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and morphological evaluations. Various physicochemical parameters such as weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, in vitro disintegration, and in vitro dissolution studies were carried out.Results: FTIR studies revealed that there was no drug-polymer interaction. The morphological evaluation of films showed that all the films were homogenous and transparent. The folding endurance test ensured that the films had sufficient brittleness and by weight variation test, it was inferred that all the films were within the deviation. The surface pH study showed the pH of the films was around neutral pH. The drug was well distributed in all the films. The films disintegrated within 120 s and the fastest being disintegrated in 30 s. Based on all the evaluation parameters, F6 had shown optimal performance and remarkable increase in drug release of 94.38% in 2 min.Conclusion: Thus, formulated oral disintegrating films can be termed as an alternative approach to deliver atenolol.
QUANTIFICATION USING ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY METHOD AND IN VITRO STABILITY STUDY OF NANOVESICULAR SYSTEM CONTAINING PHYTIC ACID
Authors: Arya Malti , Gupta Krishna P , Saraf Shubhini A
Published: August 2018

Objective: The quantification of drug and stability of nanoparticulate delivery systems is one of the major apprehensions in biomedical applications. The present research work was attempted to quantify phytic acid by utilizing ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy method and to evaluate the stability of nanovesicular (niosomes) system containing phytic acid.Methods: Niosomes containing phytic acid were developed by thin-film hydration method. Nanoformulation was subjected to stability testing as per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The formulation was stored at 30°C±2°C and 65%±5% RH, samples were withdrawn at 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 180th day of analysis and examined for the integrity of vesicular/particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and percent encapsulation efficiency.Results: Prepared nanoformulation displayed a straight line (y=mx+c) equation of y=−0.0309x+1.0413. Optimized batch of niosomes, which was prepared including dicetylphosphate showed zeta potential value of −36±0.36. Stability study showed that prepared niosomal formulation was stable up to 180 days at room temperature.Conclusion: Findings of the current research work suggested that UV spectroscopy method can be effectively used for the quantification of phytic acid and niosomal formulation of phytic acid. The formulation was found to be stable as per the ICH guidelines for stability testing.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PROXIMAL FEMUR AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Baisakh Pratima , Chinara Prafulla Kumar
Published: August 2018

Objective: Proximal femoral morphometries such as hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck (FN) axis length (FNAL), and FN shaft angle (FNSA) are important parameters for prediction of fracture risk. These parameters are affected by factors such as body habitus, age, sex, race, bone mineral density (BMD), and body mass index. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between proximal femoral morphometry and BMD.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in 168 patients. The measurements of radiological parameters such as HAL, FNAL, and FNSA were taken using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. FN-BMD was measured using LUNAR XR scanner and expressed as gm/cm². The correlation between proximal femoral morphometry and FN-BMD has been studied using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient (r).Results: The mean age, height, weight, HAL, FNAL, FNSA, and FN-BMD of the study population were found to be 58.72 years, 160.15 cm, 64.38 kg, 104.14 mm, 103.51 mm, 128.51°, and 0.761 g/cm², respectively. FN-BMD had a negative correlation with HAL (r=−0.791), FNAL (r=−0.734), and FNSA (r=−0.713) where p=0.000.Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between FN-BMD and proximal femoral morphometry. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.
THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT AND THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THYROXINE ON SERUM LIPIDS AND BLOOD FLOW INDEXES IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WOMEN
Authors: Kadhim Sinaaabdul Amir , Kadhum Shaimaa Abdul Ameer , Hamza Ali Jawad
Published: August 2018

Objective: Even previous reports mentioned that thyroxine has beneficial effects on subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH); however, the mechanism by which thyroxine mediated such effect still unclear. Thus, we aim to find out the potential benefit of thyroxine administration in women with SCH through assessment of lipids profile with evaluation of uterine and ovarian blood flow indexes.Methods: The current study included 80 women with SCH who had a history of recurrent intrauterine death. Those women were chosen from the cohort of pregnant ladies that routinely seek medical advice. For each woman, estimation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum lipids profile (low-density lipoprotein [LDL], total cholesterol [TC], and triglyceride [TG]), and also uterine and ovarian pulsatile index (PI) and resistance index (RI) using color Doppler ultrasound, was done at the beginning of study and then repeated following 2 months during which women were given oral thyroxine supplementation (50 μg/d). The study was carried out in Al-Diwaniyah Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq and extended from September 2016 to January 2018.Results: Mean serum TSH, LDL, TG, and TC were significantly reduced (p<0.05). Mean early follicular phase ovarian RI and PI and uterine RI were significantly reduced (p<0.05). In addition, mean late follicular phase ovarian RI and PI and uterine RI were significantly reduced (p<0.05).Conclusion: Thyroxine administration to women with SCH significantly decreases serum lipids and increases uterine and ovarian blood flow by mechanism involving reduction in arterial RI and PI.
KNOWLEDGE AND MALPRACTICES IN PEDIATRICS DIARRHEA MANAGEMENT BY IRAQI MOTHERS
Authors: Mohammed Samer Imad , Sabry Aya Thaer , Sabry Dania Thaer , Mohammed Borooj Hassan
Published: August 2018

Objectives: In developing countries like Iraq, diarrhea was responsible for 70% of deaths among pediatrics. This study was designed to determine Iraqi mothers’ knowledge and malpractices associated with diarrhea management in pediatrics.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was done on a convenient sample of mothers in Baghdad – Iraq. Data collection was done using a validated questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Result: Most participants preferred to consult physicians or pharmacists about pediatrics diarrhea management. Breastfeeding was stopped by 19% of participants, whereas 35% of mothers who depend on formulated milk discontinued it. Only 30% of participants use oral rehydration solution therapy always as a part of treatment. Although 54% of participated mothers certainly not used antibiotics for the diarrhea management before doctor consultation, however 52.5% of these mothers used antimotility suspensions without any consultation. 17% of participants used some herbal preparations in addition to 11% used some forms of traditional harmful preparations (Al-Sagwa) to manage diarrhea.Conclusions: This study indicates a good level of knowledge about diarrhea management for most participants, although there are some wrong concepts which followed by a small percentage of mothers, especially the most dangerous malpractices of using Al-Sagwa.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEVELS OF SELECTIVE OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS (MALONDIALDEHYDE, ZINC, AND ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS A, E, AND C) IN ISCHEMIC AND NON-ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM TYPE- 2 DIABETES
Authors: A Altoum Abd Elgadir , Osman Ahmed L , Babker Asaad Ma
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of the current study is to compare the levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), zinc, and antioxidant Vitamins (A, E, and C) in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-IHD patients with diabetes mellitus.Method: This is cross-sectional study group, conducted in the advanced diagnostic center (Khartoum- Sudan) from the period May 2013 to August 2015. Comprised 100 healthy subjects were, control group with mean (fasting blood sugar) 5.61=m mol/L, the age ranged from 22 to 78 years old, the average of the age was 50.1 years. 300 patients (78 IHD and 222 without) as cases groups, the ages ranged from 30 to 80 years. The age average was 51.2 years, all samples were in a state of fasting for 12 h, and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire and direct interview to collect information. Blood specimens were collected from both groups, and plasma levels of MDA, zinc, and antioxidant Vitamins (A, E, and C) were determined.Results: There was a significant difference between the level of serum Vitamin A, E, and MDA in diabetic patients with IHD and those diabetic without IHD (p<0.05). No significant differences in serum Vitamin C level between both groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Due to the significant differences in serum Vitamin A, E, Zinc, and MDA between diabetics with IHD and diabetics without IHD, these parameters can be used as prognostic markers for prediction of oxidative stress and antioxidant stress of diabetic patients with IHD complications.
Development of decision-making competence in courses of spectrometric analysis of organic compounds
Authors: Oliveira Silva Ricardo , Rufino Freitas Juliano Carlo , Rodrigues Silva Marcelo Felipe , Bezerra Silva Patrícia Cristina , Monteiro Vera Etelino José , Feijó Melo Cruz , De Freitas Filho João Rufino
Published: August 2018

The aim of the present study was to develop a level of competence that is not normally found in graduate or post-graduate chemistry courses, through a didactic intervention in the discipline of spectrometric analysis of organic compounds. The methodology of the work consisted in the analysis of a sample of a compound unknown individually by each student. Whereas organic compounds spectroscopy is most often learned and practiced, this intervention allows students to become comfortable with 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, in addition to mass spectrometry. Throughout the didactic intervention the students, through a thematic seminary, presented the results of the analysis of the spectra from the different techniques used. With the skills acquired from completing this laboratory work, the students become well-prepared to perform spectroscopic analyzes in subsequent experiments encountered in the organic chemistry laboratory.
Tiempo serial y experiencia del tiempo. Un debate en clave cartesiana
Authors: Acevedo-Zapata Diana María
Published: August 2018

Propongo una crítica a la noción de serialidad en la comprensión del concepto de tiempo en el contexto de los estudios cartesianos. En el debate entre los defensores del tiempo continuo y quienes defienden un tiempo discreto, sostengo que ninguna de estas posiciones tiene en cuenta que la serialidad se enmarca en una noción de tiempo que se concibe como divisible y numerable y que no pertenece intrínsecamente a la naturaleza de la experiencia temporal del cogito. Mi propuesta consiste en comenzar a desarrollar la caracterización de dicho tiempo experiencial y cogitativo.
The Quotative in Bashkir
Authors: Greed Teija
Published: August 2018

Evidentiality is a widely researched category in contemporary linguistics, both from the viewpoint of grammatical expression and also that of semantics/pragmatics. Amongst markers expressing information source is the illocutionary evidential quotative, which codes a speech report with an explicit reference to the quoted source. This article investigates the quotative particle tip in Bashkir, a Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic language spoken in the Russian Federation. In its default quotative meaning, tip signals direct speech and functions as a syntactic complementiser. This function was found to have extended from spoken utterances to coding thoughts and experiences in the context of semi-direct speech. A separate function of tip is its use as an adverbialiser signalling a logical relation and conveying the meaning of intention/purpose.

Different categories were found to interact in the functions of tip. In the context of semi-direct speech, the meaning tip conveys is linked with the semantic dimension of subjectivity, which pertains to the cognitive processing and expressing of information by the speaker/experiencer. The interplay of the marker tip was investigated in conjunction with ten complement-taking verbs, whose degree and strength of subjectivity were found to range from neutral to strong. When combined with küreü ‘see’, tip introduces visual ambiguity and epistemic uncertainty, for example, in dream scenes. With the verbs beleü ‘know’ and išeteü ‘hear’, tip conveys a multisubjective meaning: in addition to signalling what the experiential subject has heard or found out, the marker also codes the involvement of some other subject, the original source, thus giving voice to multiple speakers and merging them.
PENGARUH KEBERADAAN GAPOKTAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI DAN PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN DI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Safe’i Rahmat , Gumay Febryano Indra , Nur Aminah Lina
Published: August 2018

Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) adalah hutan negara yang pemanfaatan utamanya ditujukan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar kawasan hutan. Dengan adanya program HKm masyarakat dan pemerintah dapat bersama-sama menjaga kelestarian hutan. Masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama dalam pengelolaan HKm merasakan dampak yang besar. Dengan adanya program HKm masyarakat memiliki akses untuk dapat memanfaatkan hasil hutan non kayu yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh keberadaan gapoktan terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat pengelola lahan HKm serta melihat perbedaan tutupan lahan diareal kerja gapoktan sebelum dan sesudah terbentuknya gapoktan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pendapatan anggota di kedua gapoktan cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Pendapatan anggota Gapoktan Beringin Jaya mengalami peningkatan dari rata-rata Rp. 25.473.684/ha/tahun menjadi rata-rata Rp. 29.368.421/ha/tahun. Pendapatan anggota di Gapoktan Sinar Mulya juga meningkat dari rata-rata Rp. 31.416.66/ha/tahun menjadi Rp. 37.054.042/ha/tahun. Perubahan tutupan lahan di areal kerja kedua gapoktan mengalami perubahan yaitu semakin meluasnya areal pertanian dan lahan terbuka pada areal kerja gapoktan.
POLITIK IDENTITAS ETNIK ASLI PAPUA BERKONTESTASI DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DI KOTA SORONG
Authors: Leonardo Snanfi Ferinandus , Darwin Muhadjir , Setiadi - , Ikhwan Hakimul
Published: August 2018

Tujuan penelitian, (1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana politik identitas etnik asli Papua berkontestasi merebut kekuasaan dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di Kota Sorong. (2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana etnik asli Papua berkolaborasi dengan etnik non Papua dalam merebut kekuasaan dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di Kota Sorong. Metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Otonomi khusus melahirkan politik identitas etnik, egoisme kampung, marga, budaya, saudara, untuk merebut kekuasaan dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di Kota Sorong. Kedua etnik asli Papua saling marginalisasi dalam strategi isu kampaye politik identitas, family, marga, kampung, organisasi etnik, gereja, televisi,spanduk, koran, elit DPRD Kota. Kedua etnik tidak bersatu dikarenakan egosime budaya, adat, diantara kedua etnik asli Papua itu sendiri di Kota Sorong. Tujuan politik identitas etnik untuk menguasai sumber daya ekonomi (dana) otsus Kota Sorong. (2) Alasan etnik asli Papua berkolaborasi dengan etnik non Papua dikarena etnik Maybrat mempunyai perjanjian politik yaitu etnik Maybrat walikota dan etnik Makassar wakil walikota dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di Kota Sorong. Serta mengguasai pasar umum, transportasi kendaraan umum.
Refugees, Displaced Migrants, and Territorialization in Interwar Palestine
Authors: Banko Lauren
Published: August 2018

The history of undocumented movement into mandate Palestine by non-Zionist displaced migrants and refugees is one which naturally highlights the territorialization of Palestine’s geopolitical space. From 1920, Great Britain, as the mandatory power in Palestine, bolstered its control over the territory’s physical space through its classification and categorization of refugees and displaced migrants, and the regulation of their movement. Yet, the reactions to these processes by migrants and refugees, highlighted by numerous examples from the archival record, are not entirely ones of resistance. Despite the changing definitions and benefits of refugee and migrant status from the late Ottoman through the interwar period, often-undocumented arrivals to Palestine actively engaged with the mandate’s new immigration and mobility-control regimes and documentary-identity regulations. The active engagement of refugees and displaced migrants included circumventing and subverting these new regimes in a number of pragmatic and inventive ways. As the paper demonstrates, this very engagement serves to highlight the limitations of the mandate administration’s policies on immigration and mobility and of its migrant classification system.