bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Pathological Spectrum of Prurigo Pigmentosa in Central European Individuals
Authors: Michor-Tscharre Carina , D’Alì Lorenzo , Cota Carlo , Fink-Puches Regina , Cerroni Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

Importance

Based on early studies, prurigo pigmentosa (PP) was considered a rare inflammatory dermatosis affecting primarily Asian individuals. However, several case reports subsequently showed that the disease is not restricted to those of Asian origin. Large studies on PP in central European individuals, on the other hand, are missing.

Objective

To increase awareness of PP by describing the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features in central European individuals.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational, retrospective case series analyzed clinicopathological features of 20 central European patients diagnosed with PP. Data collection was performed by means of archive material, including physician’s letters, clinical photographs, and histopathological records, at the Department of Dermatology at the Medical University of Graz in Austria from January 1998 to January 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Demographic, clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics for patients diagnosed with PP were recorded.

Results

Of the 20 patients included, 15 (75%) were female, and the mean (range) age was 24.1 (15-51) years. The study cohort consisted entirely of European patients. The most common site of involvement of PP was the breast, followed by the neck and back. Other involved clinical sites were the abdomen, shoulders, face, head, axillae, arms, and genital region and groin. Clinically, lesions were characterized by a symmetric pattern in 90% (n = 18) of all cases. Marked hyperpigmentation was observed only in 25% (n = 5) of patients. In some cases, triggers such as malnutrition, long-term pressure, and friction were noted. Histologic findings revealed presence of neutrophils in all cases and necrotic keratinocytes in 67% (n = 16) of cases. Immunohistochemistry results showed predominance of CD8+ lymphocytes in the epidermis, as well as the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen–positive neutrophil precursors.

Conclusions and Relevance

This case series found that most clinical features observed in Asian patients were also observed in central European patients, but hyperpigmentation was primarily mild to moderate. Histopathological features were similar to those reported in the literature with the additional presence of myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen–positive precursor neutrophils. These results expand previous knowledge about PP in central European individuals.
Task-Based Objective Performance Indicators in Robotic Lobectomy Offer a Novel Avenue for Case Assessments
Authors: Lazar John F. , Jarc Anthony , Oh Daniel
Published: July 2023

This article discusses a task-based assessment of thoracic performance during robotic lobectomies that obviates the inherent limitations or bias that persist in existing approaches.
Evaluative Morphology: Universals and Variation
Authors: Ritter Elizabeth , Wiltschko Martina
Published: July 2023

This entry explores the formal and distributional properties of evaluative morphology. The defining property of evaluative morphology is its interpretive function: it serves to express the speaker's evaluation of the referent (or situation) though the dimension of evaluation is not uniform: it may be related to size or attitude. The distributional properties of evaluative morphology are reviewed, and it is concluded that it does not comprise a unified morphological class. This observation has long occupied morphologists and has led to various proposals regarding the morphological classification of evaluative morphology. Most notably Scalise has proposed a ‘third morphology’ which – in terms of application of morphological rules – is situated between derivation and inflection. This approach faces the problems intrinsic to any approach which seeks to develop a unified treatment for evaluative morphology, however. It is shown that a morphosyntactic approach towards evaluative morphology can come to terms with the observed variation: evaluative morphology is not special in that it can be realized in any way in which linguistic elements can integrate to form complex expressions. Specifically, there are two parameters of variation: (i) whether a given evaluative morpheme is realized as a head or as a modifier and (ii) where in the functional hierarchy it is realized. As such, its syntactic properties in part determine its interpretive properties.
Vinpocetine improved neuropsychiatric and epileptic outcomes in a patient with a GABRA1 loss‐of‐function variant
Authors: Gjerulfsen Cathrine E. , Mieszczanek Tomasz S. , Johannesen Katrine M. , Liao Vivian W. Y. , Chebib Mary , Nørby Helene A. J. , Gardella Elena , Rubboli Guido , Ahring Philip , Møller Rikke S.
Published: July 2023

Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid vincamine and has been used as a dietary supplement for decades. Following a positive report of the use of vinpocetine in a patient with a loss‐of‐function GABRB3 variant, we here describe another patient with a loss‐of‐function GABRA1 variant (p.(Arg112Gln)) who benefited from vinpocetine treatment. This patient was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, psychiatric complications, and therapy‐resistant focal epilepsy. Upon add‐on treatment with 40 mg vinpocetine daily for 16 months, the patient experienced an overall improved quality of life as well as seizure freedom. Our findings corroborate that vinpocetine can attenuate epilepsy‐associated behavioral issues in patients with loss‐of‐function GABAA receptor gene variants.
Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Based Catalytic Material for Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuping , Bettels Frederik , Lin Zhihua , Li Zhenhu , Shao Yaxin , Ding Fei , Liu Shuangyi , Zhang Lin
Published: July 2023

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for next‐generation scalable energy storage systems, due to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and natural abundance. However, the practical applications of these batteries are hindered by the notorious shuttle effect of soluble sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) and sluggish reaction kinetics, which result in fast performance loss. To address this issue, recent studies have reported impressive achievements of transition metal nanoparticles/single atoms/cluster/compounds (TM)‐based host materials with strong adsorption and catalyzation to NaPSs. These materials can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of RT Na–S batteries. In this review, the recent progress on TM‐based host materials for RT Na–S batteries, including iron (Fe)‐, cobalt (Co)‐, nickel (Ni)‐, molybdenum (Mo)‐, titanium (Ti)‐, vanadium (V)‐, manganese (Mn)‐, and other TM‐based materials are summarized. The design, fabrication, and properties of these host materials are comprehensively summarized and systematically analyzed the underlying chemical inhibition and electrocatalysis mechanism between NaPSs and TM‐based catalytic materials. At last, the challenges and prospects for designing efficient TM‐based catalytic materials for high‐performance RT Na–S batteries are discussed.
Recent Development of Aqueous Multivalent‐Ion Batteries Based on Conversion Chemistry
Authors: Wei Chuanlong , Song Jianjun , Wang Yan , Tang Xiao , Liu Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

Aqueous multivalent‐ion batteries (AMIBs) with features of environmental friendliness and cost‐efficiency are the most promising energy storage technologies for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid‐scale energy storage. However, their practical application is severely impeded by the restricted capacity of electrode materials. Since chalcogen and halogen elements possess high specific capacities and low‐cost, the aqueous multivalent‐ion batteries based on chalcogen and halogen conversion are attractive due to the significant enhancement of specific energies. In this review, the advantages and recent progress of AMIBs based on chalcogen and halogen conversion chemistry have been systematically summarized with an emphasis on cell configuration, electrochemical performance, and storage mechanism. Furthermore, this review not only proposes challenges and perspectives for AMIBs, but also provides promising strategies for developing device‐scale applications. The above efforts may pave the way for the further development of high‐performance aqueous multivalent‐ion batteries with high safety and competitive performance.
Effects of Quantum and Dielectric Confinement on the Emission of Cs‐Pb‐Br Composites
Authors: Caicedo‐Dávila Sebastián , Caprioglio Pietro , Lehmann Frederike , Levcenco Sergiu , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter , Kronik Leeor , Abou‐Ras Daniel
Published: July 2023

The halide perovskite CsPbBr3 belongs to the Cs‐Pb‐Br material system, which features two additional thermodynamically stable ternary phases, Cs4PbBr6 and CsPb2Br5. The coexistence of these phases and their reportedly similar photoluminescence (PL) have resulted in a debate on the nature of the emission in these systems. Herein, optical and microscopic characterizations are combined with an effective mass, correlated electron–hole model of excitons in confined systems, to investigate the emission properties of the ternary phases in the Cs‐Pb‐Br system. It is found that all Cs‐Pb‐Br phases exhibit green emission and the non‐perovskite phases exhibit PL quantum yields orders of magnitude larger than CsPbBr3. In particular, blue‐ and red‐shifted emission for the Cs‐ and Pb‐rich phases, respectively, are measured, stemming from embedded CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs). This model reveals that the difference in emission shift is caused by the combined effects of NC size and different band mismatch. Furthermore, the importance of including the dielectric mismatch in the calculation of the emission energy for Cs‐Pb‐Br composites is demonstrated. The results explain the reportedly limited blue shift in CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 composites and rationalize some of its differences with CsPb2Br5.
Awakening (220) as One More Active Facet of PtMo Alloy via Single‐Atom Doping to Boost Ammonia Electrooxidation in Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Sisi , Jiang Yuzhuo , Wang Mengfan , Huan Yunfei , He Yanzheng , Cheng Qiyang , Cheng Yu , Liu Jie , Zhou Xi , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: July 2023

As the core of low‐temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) technology, electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) has proven to be most active on platinum‐based catalysts. However, the AOR is extremely surface sensitive that only the Pt (200) facet exhibits high reaction activity, whereas other facets usually do not make contributions. Herein, the inert (220) surface of PtMo nano‐alloy is successfully awakened as one more active facet in addition to (200) via directional single‐atom Ni‐doping. The introduction of Ni triggers a targeted electron accumulation around Pt sites at the (220) facet that significantly reduces the AOR energy barrier while maintaining the activity of the (200) surface. With a greatly enlarged active surface, the Ni‐decorated PtMo catalyst exhibits a significantly facilitated AOR kinetics with a low onset potential of 0.49 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and a superior peak current density of 94.96 A g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Notably, the DAFC equipped with such an electrocatalyst reaches a remarkable peak power density of 16.70 mW cm−2 at low temperatures. It is believed that this strategy sheds light on exploiting the intrinsic activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts, and drives the low‐temperature DAFC technology to a more practical level.
PCR‐Free Innovative Strategies for SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection
Authors: Calorenni Paolo , Leonardi Antonio A. , Sciuto Emanuele L. , Rizzo Maria G. , Faro Maria J. Lo , Fazio Barbara , Irrera Alessia , Conoci Sabrina
Published: July 2023

The pandemic outbreak caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus brought a crucial issue in public health causing up to now more than 600 million infected people and 6.5 million deaths. Conventional diagnostic methods are based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR assay) and immuno‐detection (ELISA assay). However, despite these techniques have the advantages of being standardized and consolidated, they keep some main limitations in terms of accuracy (immunoassays), time/cost consumption of analysis, the need for qualified personnel, and lab constrain (molecular assays). There is crucial the need to develop new diagnostic approaches for accurate, fast and portable viral detection and quantification. Among these, PCR‐free biosensors represent the most appealing solution since they can allow molecular detection without the complexity of the PCR. This will enable the possibility to be integrated in portable and low‐cost systems for massive and decentralized screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a point‐of‐care (PoC) format, pointing to achieve a performant identification and control of infection. In this review, the most recent approaches for the SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐free detection are reported, describing both the instrumental and methodological features, and highlighting their suitability for a PoC application.
A Novel Strategy to Improve Tumor Targeting of Hydrophilic Drugs and Nanoparticles for Imaging Guided Synergetic Therapy
Authors: Liu Taoxia , Guo Chang , Xu Suying , Hu Gaofei , Wang Leyu
Published: July 2023

The fast renal clearance of hydrophilic small molecular anticancer drugs and ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) results in the low utilization rate and certain side effects, thus improving the tumor targeting is highly desired but faces great challenges. A novel and general β‐cyclodextrin (CD) aggregation‐induced assembly strategy to fabricate doxorubicin (DOX) and CD‐coated NPs (such as Au) co‐encapsulated pH‐responsive nanocomposites (NCs) is proposed. By adding DOX×HCl and reducing pH in a reversed microemulsion system, hydrophilic CD‐coated AuNPs rapidly assemble into large NCs. Then in situ polymerization of dopamine and sequentially coordinating with Cu2+ on the surface of NCs provide extra weak acid responsiveness, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and improved biocompatibility as well as stability. The subsequent tumor microenvironment responsive dissociation notably improves their passive tumor targeting, bioavailability, imaging, and therapeutic capabilities, as well as facilitates their internalization by tumor cells and metabolic clearance, thereby reducing side effects. The combination of polymerized dopamine and assembled AuNPs reinforces photothermal capability, thus further boosting CDT through thermally amplifying Cu‐catalyzed Fenton‐like reaction. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm the desirable outcomes of these NCs as photoacoustic imaging guided trimodal (thermally enhanced CDT, photothermal therapy, and chemotherapy) synergistic tumor treatment agents with minimal systemic toxicity.
Toward the Next Generation of Neural Iontronic Interfaces
Authors: Forró Csaba , Musall Simon , Montes Viviana Rincón , Linkhorst John , Walter Peter , Wessling Matthias , Offenhäusser Andreas , Ingebrandt Sven , Weber Yvonne , Lampert Angelika , Santoro Francesca
Published: July 2023

Neural interfaces are evolving at a rapid pace owing to advances in material science and fabrication, reduced cost of scalable complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, and highly interdisciplinary teams of researchers and engineers that span a large range from basic to applied and clinical sciences. This study outlines currently established technologies, defined as instruments and biological study systems that are routinely used in neuroscientific research. After identifying the shortcomings of current technologies, such as a lack of biocompatibility, topological optimization, low bandwidth, and lack of transparency, it maps out promising directions along which progress should be made to achieve the next generation of symbiotic and intelligent neural interfaces. Lastly, it proposes novel applications that can be achieved by these developments, ranging from the understanding and reproduction of synaptic learning to live‐long multimodal measurements to monitor and treat various neuronal disorders.
Platelet Rich Plasma Loaded Multifunctional Hydrogel Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing via Regulating the Continuously Abnormal Microenvironments
Authors: Xu Kui , Deng Sijie , Zhu Yabin , Yang Wei , Chen Weizhen , Huang Liang , Zhang Chi , Li Ming , Ao Lijiao , Jiang Yibo , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Qiqing
Published: July 2023

Continuous oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia are distinguishing features of diabetic wounds. It has been a great challenge to develop a smart dressing that can accelerate diabetic wound healing through regulating abnormal microenvironments. In this study, a platelet rich plasma (PRP) loaded multifunctional hydrogel with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose dual‐responsive property is reported. It can be conveniently prepared with PRP, dopamine (DA) grafted alginate (Alg‐DA), and 6‐aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol‐1(3H)‐ol (ABO) conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA‐ABO) through ionic crosslinks, hydrogen‐bond interactions, and boronate ester bonds. The hydrogel possesses injectability, moldability, tissue adhesion, self‐healing, low hemolysis, and hemostasis performances. Its excellent antioxidant property can create a low oxidative stress microenvironment for other biological events. Under an oxidative stress and/or hyperglycemia state, the hydrogel can degrade at an accelerated rate to release a variety of cytokines derived from activated blood platelets. The result is a series of positive changes that are favorable for diabetic wound healing, including fast anti‐inflammation, activated macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, promoted migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, as well as expedited angiogenesis. This work provides an efficient strategy for chronic diabetic wound management and offers an alternative for developing a new‐type PRP‐based bioactive wound dressing.
Engineered Nanomaterials to Potentiate CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yi Ke , Kong Huimin , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Li Di , Mintz Rachel L. , Fang Tianxu , Chen Guojun , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang , Ding Jianxun
Published: July 2023

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene‐editing technology shows promise for manipulating single or multiple tumor‐associated genes and engineering immune cells to treat cancers. Currently, most gene‐editing strategies rely on viral delivery; yet, while being efficient, many limitations, mainly from safety and packaging capacity considerations, hinder the use of viral CRISPR vectors in cancer therapy. In contrast, recent advances in non‐viral CRISPR/Cas9 nanoformulations have paved the way for better cancer gene editing, as these nanoformulations can be engineered to improve safety, efficiency, and specificity through optimizing the packaging capacity, pharmacokinetics, and targetability. In this review, the advance in non‐viral CRISPR delivery is highlighted, and there is a discussion on how these approaches can be potentially used to treat cancers in addressing the aforementioned limitations, followed by the perspectives in designing a proper CRISPR/Cas9‐based cancer nanomedicine system with translational potential.
Hierarchies in Visual Pathway: Functions and Inspired Artificial Vision
Authors: Zhu Shirui , Xie Tao , Lv Ziyu , Leng Yan‐Bing , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Xu Runze , Qin Jingrun , Zhou Ye , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Han Su‐Ting
Published: July 2023

The development of artificial intelligence has posed a challenge to machine vision based on conventional complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits owing to its high latency and inefficient power consumption originating from the data shuffling between memory and computation units. Gaining more insights into the function of every part of the visual pathway for visual perception can bring the capabilities of machine vision in terms of robustness and generality. Hardware acceleration of more energy‐efficient and biorealistic artificial vision highly necessitates neuromorphic devices and circuits that are able to mimic the function of each part of the visual pathway. In this paper, we review the structure and function of the entire class of visual neurons from the retina to the primate visual cortex within reach (Chapter 2) are reviewed. Based on the extraction of biological principles, the recent hardware‐implemented visual neurons located in different parts of the visual pathway are discussed in detail in Chapters 3 and 4. Furthermore, valuable applications of inspired artificial vision in different scenarios (Chapter 5) are provided. The functional description of the visual pathway and its inspired neuromorphic devices/circuits are expected to provide valuable insights for the design of next‐generation artificial visual perception systems.
Polyhedron‐Like Biomaterials for Innervated and Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Zhang Meng , Zhai Dong , Qin Chen , Wang Yufeng , Ma Jingge , Zhuang Hui , Shi Zhe , Wang Liang , Wu Chengtie
Published: July 2023

Neural‐vascular networks are densely distributed through periosteum, cortical bone, and cancellous bone, which is of great significance for bone regeneration and remodeling. Although significant progress has been made in bone tissue engineering, ineffective bone regeneration, and delayed osteointegration still remains an issue due to the ignorance of intrabony nerves and blood vessels. Herein, inspired by space‐filling polyhedra with open architectures, polyhedron‐like scaffolds with spatial topologies are prepared via 3D‐printing technology to mimic the meshwork structure of cancellous bone. Benefiting from its spatial topologies, polyhedron‐like scaffolds greatly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via activating PI3K‐Akt signals, and exhibiting satisfactory performance on angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation elucidates that polyhedron‐like scaffolds have a relatively lower area‐weighted average static pressure, which is beneficial to osteogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments further demonstrate that polyhedron‐like scaffolds obviously promote bone formation and osteointegration, as well as inducing vascularization and ingrowth of nerves, leading to innervated and vascularized bone regeneration. Taken together, this work offers a promising approach for fabricating multifunctional scaffolds without additional exogenous seeding cells and growth factors, which holds great potential for functional tissue regeneration and further clinical translation.
Spin‐Polarization Strategy for Enhanced Acidic Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Li Ling , Zhou Jing , Wang Xiao , Gracia Jose , Valvidares Manuel , Ke Jia , Fang Miaomiao , Shen Chenqi , Chen Jin‐Ming , Chang Yu‐Chung , Pao Chih‐Wen , Hsu Su‐Yang , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Ruotolo Antonio , Chin Yiying , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing , Shao Qi
Published: July 2023

Spin‐polarization is known as a promising way to promote the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), since the intermediates and products endow spin‐dependent behaviors, yet it is rarely reported for ferromagnetic catalysts toward acidic OER practically used in industry. Herein, the first spin‐polarization‐mediated strategy is reported to create a net ferromagnetic moment in antiferromagnetic RuO2 via dilute manganese (Mn2+) (S = 5/2) doping for enhancing OER activity in acidic electrolyte. Element‐selective X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the ferromagnetic coupling between Mn and Ru ions, fulfilling the Goodenough–Kanamori rule. The ferromagnetism behavior at room temperature can be well interpreted by first principles calculations as the interaction between the Mn2+ impurity and Ru ions. Indeed, Mn‐RuO2 nanoflakes exhibit a strongly magnetic field enhanced OER activity, with the lowest overpotential of 143 mV at 10 mA cmgeo−2 and negligible activity decay in 480 h stability (vs 200 mV/195 h without magnetic field) as known for magnetic effects in the literature. The intrinsic turnover frequency is also improved to reach 5.5 s−1 at 1.45 VRHE. This work highlights an important avenue of spin‐engineering strategy for designing efficient acidic oxygen evolution catalysts.
High‐Yield Synthesis of Sodium Chlorides of Unconventional Stoichiometries
Authors: Xia Xinming , Huang Yingying , Peng Bingquan , Wang Tao , Yi Ruobing , Zhao Yimin , Jiang Jie , Dai Fangfang , Fan Yan , Li Pei , Tu Yusong , Zhang Lei , Fang Haiping , Chen Liang
Published: July 2023

Abnormal salt crystals with unconventional stoichiometries, such as Na2Cl, Na3Cl, K2Cl, and CaCl crystals that have been explored in reduced graphene oxide membranes (rGOMs) or diamond anvil cells, hold great promise in applications due to their unique electronic, magnetic, and optical properties predicted in theory. However, the low content of these crystals, only <1% in rGOM, limits their research interest and utility in applications. Here, a high‐yield synthesis of 2D abnormal crystals with unconventional stoichiometries is reported, which is achieved by applying negative potential on rGOM. A more than tenfold increase in the abnormal Na2Cl crystals is obtained using a potential of −0.6 V, resulting in an atomic content of 13.4 ± 4.7% for Na on rGOM. Direct observations by transmission electron microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy demonstrates a unique piezoelectric behavior arising from 2D Na2Cl crystals with square structure. The output voltage increases from 0 to ≈180 mV in the broad 0–150° bending angle regime, which meets the voltage requirement of most nanodevices in realistic applications. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the applied negative potential of the graphene surface can strengthen the effect of the Na+–π interaction and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between cations, making more Na2Cl crystals formed.
An H2O‐Initiated Crosslinking Strategy for Ultrafine‐Nanoclusters‐Reinforced High‐Toughness Polymer‐In‐Plasticizer Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Bao Wenda , Zhang Yue , Cao Lei , Jiang Yilan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Nian , Liu Ying , Yan Pu , Wang Xingzhi , Liu Yixiao , Li Haoyuan , Zhao Yingbo , Xie Jin
Published: July 2023

Incorporating plasticizers is an effective way to facilitate conduction of ions in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, this conductivity enhancement often comes at the cost of reduced mechanical properties, which can make the electrolyte membrane more difficult to process and increase safety hazards. Here, a novel crosslinking strategy, wherein metal‐alkoxy‐terminated polymers can be crosslinked by precisely controlling the content of H2O as an initiator, is proposed. As a proof‐of‐concept, trimethylaluminum (TMA)‐functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is used to demonstrate that ultrafine Al–O nanoclusters can serve as nodes to crosslink PEO chains with a wide range of molecular weights from 10 000 to 8 000 000 g mol−1. The crosslinked polymer network can incorporate a high concentration of plasticizers, with a total weight percentage over 75%, while still maintaining excellent stretchability (4640%) and toughness (3.87 × 104 kJ m−3). The resulting electrolyte demonstrates high ionic conductivity (1.41 mS cm−1), low interfacial resistance toward Li metal (48.1 Ω cm2), and a wide electrochemical window (>4.8 V vs Li+/Li) at 30 °C. Furthermore, the LiFePO4/Li battery shows stable cycle performance with a capacity retention of 98.6% (146.3 mAh g−1) over 1000 cycles at 1C (1C = 170 mAh g−1) at 30 °C.
A General Strategy for Developing Ultrasensitive “Transistor‐Like” Thermochromic Fluorescent Materials for Multilevel Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhou Xiaobo , Li Shijie , Zhao Lingfeng , Hu Wenqi , Cai Aiting , Zeng Yuhan , Wang Qi , Wu Mingmin , Li Guo , Liu Jinxia , Ji Haiwei , Qin Yuling , Wu Li
Published: July 2023

Thermochromic fluorescent materials (TFMs) exhibit great potential in information encryption applications but are limited by low thermosensitivity, poor color tunability, and a wide temperature‐responsive range. Herein, a novel strategy for constructing highly sensitive TFMs with tunable emission (450–650 nm) toward multilevel information encryption is proposed, which employs polarity‐sensitive fluorophores with donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type structures as emitters and long‐chain alkanes as thermosensitive loading matrixes. The structure–function relationships between the performance of TFMs and the structures of both fluorescent emitters and phase‐change molecules are systematically studied. Benefiting from the above design, the obtained TFMs exhibit over 9500‐fold fluorescence enhancement toward the temperature change, as well as ultrahigh relative temperature sensitivity up to 80% K−1, which are first confirmed. Thanks to the superior transducing performance, the above‐prepared TFMs can be further developed as information‐storage platforms within a relatively narrow interval of temperature variation, including temperature‐dominated multicolored information display and multilevel information encryption. This work will not only provide a novel perspective for designing superior TFMs for information encryption but also bring inspiration to the design and preparation of other response‐switching‐type fluorescent probes with ultrahigh conversion efficiency.
An Overview on 3D Printing of Structured Porous Materials and Their Applications
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Lalevée Jacques , Simon‐Masseron Angélique
Published: July 2023

Porous materials play an essential role in chemical processes such as catalysis, adsorption, and in emerging technologies for electronic materials, light harvesting, and energy transfer. By far, zeolites have contributed most to industrial development. Other porous solid such as activated carbon, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous coordination polymers also have been studied by researchers in the past two decades. The use of porous solids is set to grow in the future, and so is the need to fabricate them into more complex and diverse geometries for a variety of applications. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has provided the possibility to shape the materials into desired forms, which offers many advantages over their traditional configurations. Structured catalysts, for example, can help to overcome the drawbacks of conventional packed catalyst bed‐like mass or heat transfer limitations and high pressure drop. This review focuses on the latest advances as well as the current challenges in 3D printing of the porous solids. This article aims to contribute to the shape engineering of porous solids and provide a better understanding of their formulations, structures, techniques, properties, and applications.
CsPbBr3@Glass@SiO2 Composite Materials with Ultrahigh Water Resistance and Thermal Reversibility of Photoluminescence
Authors: Liu Ching , Huang Wen‐Tse , Li Juqing , Lee Yu‐Chun , Tsai Tzong‐Liang , Shen Fang‐Chun , Wu Wen‐Wei , Liu Ru‐Shi , Zhang Xuejie
Published: July 2023

Perovskite quantum dots usually possess excellent optical properties, such as high color purity, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission wavelength. However, their relatively low stability against heat, water, oxygen, and light hinders their practical applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. Herein, melt‐quenching and heat treatment crystallization methods are used to fabricate the CsPbBr3@glass. Atomic layer deposition and the sol–gel method are applied to encapsulate the CsPbBr3@glass with a dense SiO2 layer and hydrophobic SiO2 layer, respectively, to further improve the water resistance, thermal reversibility of photoluminescence, and photostability. The CsPbBr3@glass@ASG can be synthesized with the triple layer encapsulation of the glass matrix, dense SiO2 layer, and hydrophobic SiO2 layer. During the water resistance test for seven weeks, CsPbBr3@glass@ASG can preserve ≈100% of initial PL intensity. Similarly, it can preserve ≈100% of PL intensity after five continuous heating–cooling cycles between 30 and 100 °C. In addition, the internal and external quantum efficiencies of CsPbBr3@glass@ASG can still be maintained at 42.0% and 33.7%, respectively. Results indicate that CsPbBr3@glass@ASG can provide a balance between optical properties and extrinsic stability successfully, thereby becoming a potential candidate material for practical applications related to optoelectronic devices in the future.
Facile Microwave Synthesis of Efficient Green Emissive Carbon Dots Powder and Their Application in Visible Light Communication and White Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Guo Junlu , Li Yanzhe , Shan Xinyi , Wang Deyin , Tian Pengfei , Wang Yuhua
Published: July 2023

Highly green emissive solid‐state carbon dots (CDs) with photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 58% are prepared through a rapid microwave assisted heating method. Due to the spatial confinement from the biuret crystal matrix, aggregation among CDs is effectively suppressed, thus allowing the CDs to give efficient emission in the solid‐state. The CDs show excitation independent emission and mono‐exponential decay characteristics with a nearly constant lifetime of ≈13 ns upon varying the detected emissions, indicating the presence of a single type of emissive state in the CDs. Due to their high quantum efficiency and short lifetime, the obtained CDs are applied as the color conversion layer of a near‐ultraviolet micro light‐emitting diode (µLED) chip (405 nm) for visible light communication, achieving a modulation bandwidth of 165 MHz, which is much higher than the bandwidth of the conventional combination of Ce3+‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor with GaN LED. Moreover, the green emitting solid‐state CDs are applied to fabricate a prototype white LED device, which exhibits good lighting suitability with a color rendering index of 90.6 and a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.327, 0.332).
Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis in Gastrointestinal Cancers: The Chief Culprits of Tumor Progression and Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Li Shenglong
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers is increasing, particularly in the younger population. Effective treatment is crucial for improving patients’ survival outcomes. Programmed cell death, regulated by various genes, plays a fundamental role in the growth and development of organisms. It is also critical for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis and takes part in multiple pathological processes. In addition to apoptosis, there are other types of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which can induce severe inflammatory responses. Notably, besides apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis also contribute to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as their regulators in gastrointestinal cancers and hope to open up new paths for tumor targeted therapy in the near future.
Nanoscale Quantized Oscillations in Thin‐Film Growth Greatly Enhance Transconductance in Organic Transistors
Authors: Drakopoulou Sofia , Murgia Mauro , Albonetti Cristiano , Benaglia Simone , Borgatti Francesco , Di Lauro Michele , Bianchi Michele , Greco Pierpaolo , Papo David , Garcia Ricardo , Alessandrini Andrea , Biscarini Fabio
Published: July 2023

A growth mode of pentacene thin films deposited by high vacuum sublimation where the morphology versus thicknessh“rings” back and forth between rough 3D films with pyramid islands and smooth 2D films with ziqqurat islands is discovered. The roughnessσversushexhibits seamless coherent oscillations whose amplitude and wavelength increase as integer multiples of 1.5 ML thickness. The quantized oscillations are reconducted to dynamic wetting/dewetting transitions involving the upper layers of pentacene film. Importantly, the transconductance of organic field effect transistors, either in solid state or electrolyte‐gated, exhibits antiphase oscillations with one‐decade swing. Charge mobilities in the wetting regime reach 0.1 cm2V−1s−1, in line with high‐end values reported for thin‐film pentacene transistors. Controlling this growth mode enables the limitations of charge transport imposed by the roughening transition to be overcome, a universal feature of high vacuum growth to date.
Dimensional Strategies for Bridging the Research Gap between Lab‐Scale and Potentially Practical All‐Solid‐State Batteries: The Role of Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Films
Authors: Song Yong Bae , Baeck Ki Heon , Kwak Hiram , Lim Haechannara , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: July 2023

The absence of liquid components in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) significantly impacts manufacturing processes and performance, particularly concerning mechanical properties and evolution. SSE films play vital roles in this context. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of SSE film design strategies, emphasizing their significance in the cell assembly and operation of practical ASSBs. Essential SSE film components are examined, including SSEs, binders, and scaffold or substrate materials, and key characteristics related to ASSB assembly and operation are addressed, such as conduction properties, electrochemical stability, and mechanical properties. Various SSE films fabricated using different binders and scaffold or substrate materials are explored through slurry‐casting or solvent‐free methods, and ASSBs employing SSE films with diverse form factors and components are presented, emphasizing their ability to operate under low‐pressure conditions. Additionally, the importance of establishing test protocols for assessing SSE film performance metrics is highlighted and strategies for enabling Li metal anodes are introduced. By deepening the understanding of the electrochemo‐mechanical phenomena and engineering processes in ASSBs, it is anticipated that the gap between lab‐scale research and practical goals can be bridged through design strategies that leverage the hybridization of various compositions and the immiscible nature of solid‐state materials.
Crystal‐Facet Manipulation and Interface Regulation via TMP‐Modulated Solid Polymer Electrolytes toward High‐Performance Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Qiu Bin , Liang Kaiyuan , Huang Wei , Zhang Guoqiang , He Chuanxin , Zhang Peixin , Mi Hongwei
Published: July 2023

Rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs), prospective candidates for broad‐scale energy storage, still encounter many challenges such as hydrogen evolution corrosion, Zn dendrite growth, and capacity fading. Therefore, one specific strategy for tuning the internal structure of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) via organic additives is proposed to address these urgent bottlenecks simultaneously. With trimethyl phosphate (TMP) addition, the coordination environment of Zn2+in SPEs is altered and exists as Zn2+(TMP)x(OTf−)ycoordinated molecules. Meanwhile, the strong interaction between TMP and Zn enables the preferential growth of Zn(002) planes during electrodeposition, which is proved based on first‐principles calculations, finite element simulations, and multiple in situ characterizations. Such excellent interfacial engineering in situ forms the solid electrolyte interface rich in Zn3(PO4)2fast ion conductor and guarantees one ultra‐long cycle life for more than 6000 h in a Zn|Zn symmetric cell at 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the universality of TMP‐modified SPEs shows 1000 times stable cycling of VO2(B)|Zn full cells at 1 A g−1under 0 °C with 95.24% capacity retention, which satisfies potential applications of wide‐ranging energy storage based on solid‐state ZIBs.
Unraveling the Role of Surficial Oxygen Vacancies in Stabilizing Li‐Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Wang Kai , Qiu Jimin , Hou Fuchen , Yang Ming , Nie Kaiqi , Wang Jiaou , Hou Yichao , Huang Weiyuan , Zhao Wenguang , Zhang Peixin , Lin Junhao , Hu Jiangtao , Pan Feng , Zhang Mingjian
Published: July 2023

Li‐rich layered oxides based on the anionic redox chemistry provide the highest practical capacity among all transition metal (TM) oxide cathodes but still struggle with poor cycling stability. Here, a certain amount of oxygen vacancies (OVs) are introduced into the ≈10 nm‐thick surface region of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 through a long‐time medium‐temperature post‐annealing. These surficial enriched OVs significantly suppress the generation of O‐O dimers (O2n−, 0 < n < 4) and the associated side reactions, thus facilitating the construction of a uniform and compact cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer on the surface. The CEI layer then decreases the further side reactions and TM dissolution and protects the bulk structure upon cycling, eventually leading to enhanced cycling stability, demonstrated in both half cells and full cells. An in‐depth understanding of OVs is expected to benefit the design of stable cathode materials based on anionic redox chemistry.
Educator's blueprint: A primer on consensus methods in medical education research
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Chan Teresa M. , Humphrey‐Murto Susan
Published: July 2023

Consensus methods such as the Delphi and nominal group techniques are increasingly utilized within medical education research. This educator's blueprint paper provides practical strategies regarding five key steps for ensuring best practices when using consensus methods. These strategies include deciding which consensus method is best, developing the initial questionnaire, identifying the participants, determining the number of rounds and consensus threshold, and describing and justifying any modifications. These strategies will help guide education researchers on their next study using consensus methods.
A rapid and reliable detection procedure of Atlantic trout introgression at the diagnostic lactate dehydrogenase chain‐1 gene
Authors: Padula Anna , Greco Claudia , Talarico Lorenzo , Caniglia Romolo , Antognazza Caterina Maria , D'Antoni Susanna , Lorenzoni Massimo , Vanetti Isabella , Zaccara Serena , Mucci Nadia
Published: July 2023

The Italian‐native Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo ghigii) is a seriously threatened freshwater fish, especially by anthropogenic hybridisation with the domestic strains of Atlantic origin that have been repeatedly released into the wild for angling. A PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay of the diagnostic lactate dehydrogenase chain‐1 (LDH‐C1) gene sequences has been routinely applied to distinguish exotic from native brown trout lineages and detect Atlantic introgression signals in the Mediterranean wild populations. Here, we used dermal swab DNA obtained from 28 wild trout to improve laboratory procedures to genetically characterise trout samples at the LDH‐C1gene through (1) a capillary electrophoresis analysis of the RFLP fragments and (2) the optimisation of a diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism analysable through mini‐sequencing approaches. The developed methods were fully consistent with those obtained through the traditional approach, but their analytical process is almost entirely automated and digitalised, thus improving result readability and accuracy in the detection of alien introgressed traces in wild Mediterranean brown trout populations.
Increased transferrin protects from thrombosis in Chuvash erythrocytosis
Authors: Shah Binal N. , Zhang Xu , Sergueeva Adelina I. , Miasnikova Galina Y. , Ganz Tomas , Prchal Josef T. , Gordeuk Victor R.
Published: July 2023

Von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL) is essential to hypoxic regulation of cellular processes. VHL promotes proteolytic clearance of hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors (HIFs) that have been modified by oxygen‐dependent HIF‐prolyl hydroxylases. A homozygous loss‐of‐function VHLR200W mutation causes Chuvash erythrocytosis, a congenital disorder caused by augmented hypoxia‐sensing. Homozygous VHLR200W results in accumulation of HIFs that increase transcription of the erythropoietin gene and raise hematocrit. Phlebotomies reduce hematocrit and hyperviscosity symptoms. However, the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Chuvash erythrocytosis is thrombosis. Phlebotomies cause iron deficiency, which may further elevate HIF activity and transferrin, the HIF‐regulated plasma iron transporter recently implicated in thrombogenesis. We hypothesized that transferrin is elevated in Chuvash erythrocytosis, and that iron deficiency contributes to its elevation and to thrombosis. We studied 155 patients and 154 matched controls at steady state and followed them for development of thrombosis. Baseline transferrin was elevated, and ferritin reduced in patients. VHLR200W homozygosity and lower ferritin correlated with higher erythropoietin and transferrin. During 11 years of follow‐up, risk of thrombosis increased 8.9‐fold in patients versus controls. Erythropoietin elevation, but not hematocrit or ferritin, correlated with thrombosis risk. Unexpectedly, transferrin elevation associated with reduced rather than increased thrombosis risk. The A allele of the promoter EPO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs1617640, associated with elevated erythropoietin and increased thrombosis risk, whereas the A allele of the intronic TF SNP, rs3811647, associated with higher transferrin and protection from thrombosis in patients. Our findings suggest an unexpected causal relationship between increased transferrin and protection from thrombosis in Chuvash erythrocytosis.
Oligomerized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui
Published: July 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research attention in the past decades. Very recently, oligomerized fused‐ring electron acceptors (OFREAs) have emerged as a promising alternative to small‐molecular/polymeric acceptor‐based OSCs due to their unique advantages such as well‐defined structures, batch reproducibility, good film formation, low diffusion coefficient, and excellent stability. So far, rapid advances have been made in the development of OFREAs consisting of directly/rigidly/flexibly linked oligomers and fused ones. In this Minireview, we systematically summarized the recent research progress of OFREAs, including structural diversity, synthesis approach, molecular conformation and packing, and long‐term stability. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the challenges to be addressed and potential research directions. We believe that this Minireview will encourage the development of novel OFREAs for OSC applications.