bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO AMMONIA DURING INDUSTRIAL-SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPOSTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE
Authors: Battais Patricia , Bonthoux Francis , Lechêne Sullivan , Klingler Jennifer , Grosjean Jérôme , Monta Nathalie , Kunz-Iffli Juliette
Published: July 2024

Biodegradable waste material can be exploited through anaerobic digestion, an oxygen-free multi-stage process often completed by a composting step, which harnesses the power of microorganisms to break down organic matter. This waste-treatment sector is growing rapidly in France as it allows the production of valuable digestates and biogas (biomethane). One of the main occupational health concerns in this sector is exposure to ammonia. The present work focused on ammonia emitted over the course of several stages in the anaerobic digestion and composting process, and assessed employee exposure to this pollutant. Exposure was measured for distinct worker activities and work areas, as well as during the various steps of the process. The results revealed non-negligible ammonia exposure for workers operating in the dehydration (until 55 ppmV in the workplace and 17 ppmV on the worker) and composting (until 45 ppmV in the workplace and 17 ppmV on the loader driver) areas on several sites. A classical monitoring approach was supplemented by the identification of explanatory parameters contributing to exposure: material emissivity, amounts stored or handled, and ventilation systems in use. Based on these elements, recommendations were made on prevention choices, including reducing emissions at source namely by process improvement and management of stored quantities, improving existing preventive systems such as capture at source or general ventilation, and employee education to raise awareness of waste management risks and improve practices.
RELIABILITY OF GUELPH PERMEAMETER FOR DETERMINING THE LINERS HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
Authors: Cortellazzo Giampaolo , Benedetti Francesco , Busana Stefano , Favaretti Marco
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the Guelph permeameter can be effectively used as a quick and reliable instrument to measure the hydraulic conductivity of compacted mineral liners. The investigation was carried out on two distinct areas of the final capping of a municipal solid waste landfill in Italy. On the first test site, hydraulic conductivity tests were performed using the Guelph permeameter, assessing reliability and repeatability of test results. On the second one, many undisturbed soil samples were taken and tested in the laboratory using a modified oedometric apparatus as a falling-head permeameter. Further hydraulic conductivity tests with Guelph permeameter were also performed in the holes made by soil sampling. The campaign was integrated with in situ density tests using the calibrated sand method, to check the uniformity of the compaction degree of liners. A final comparison between hydraulic conductivity obtained in situ and in the laboratory was proposed and critically analysed. The experiments performed on the two test sites with the Guelph permeameter and their statistical processing demonstrate that the instrument is not only economical and easy to use, but also reliable if used with appropriate precautions.
ONE HEALTH MULTIMODAL SURVEILLANCE IN TIME OF CHANGE: LESSONS NOT LEARNT FROM CASE STUDY OF A/H5N1 SPILLOVER TO MAMMALS IN GDAŃSK METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors: Jarynowski A. , Romanowska M. , Maksymowicz S. , Belik V.
Published: July 2024

This case study of A/H5N1 spillover to mammals in the Gdańsk area underlines the complexities of managing emerging One Health threats in significant political and economic aspects. We compared the relatively successful rapid regional response with the utterly lost battle in communication and cooperation, emphasising the need for improved interdisciplinary regional and international cooperation and robust surveillance systems in an era of anthropogenic and natural change.
Implantable Cardiac Devices in Patients with Brady- and Tachy-Arrhythmias: An Update of the Literature
Authors: Chick William , Monkhouse Christopher , Muthumala Amal , Ahsan Syed , Papageorgiou Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

Implantable cardiac devices are a vital treatment option in the management of tachy/brady-arrhythmias and heart failure with conduction disease. In the recent years, these devices have become increasingly sophisticated, with high implantation success rates and longevity. However, these devices are not without risks and complications, which need to be carefully considered before implantation. In an era of rapidly evolving cardiac device therapies, this review article will provide an update on the literature and outline some of the emerging technologies that aim to maximise the efficiency of implantable devices and reduce complications. We discuss novel pacing techniques, including alternative pacing sites in anti-bradycardia and biventricular pacing, as well as the latest evidence surrounding leadless device technologies and patient selection for implantable device therapies.
إجهاد النّص القرآني بتعدّد الأوجه الإعرابية ، قراءة في التيسير والدلالة
Authors: كيطان ردام علاوي
Published: July 2024

طَرَق علماءُ اللغةِ إعرابَ القرآن في أواخر القرن الثاني للهجرة  تحصينا لكتاب الله من اللحن ، لكنَّ قسما من النُحاة وعلماء اللغة أسهبوا في طرح أكثر من وجهٍ لبعض الموارد القرآنية ، فأجهدوا النّص الشريف بتعدّد الأوجه الإعرابية ، فضلا عن إبعاد الآية الكريمة عن مدلولها ومعناها ، وفي الوقتِ ذاتهِ طرحوا تفسيرا واحدا لذلك المورد ، فنأوا بالإعراب عن المعنى ، في حين أنَّ الإعراب لصيق المعنى ، وكانَ الأولى أن يكتفوا بوجهٍ إعرابي يتلاءم والغرض الدلالي الذي أُرسلتْ من أجله الآية الكريمة.
التقريب العددي لمسألة القطع المكافئ المضطرب بشكل فردي من نوع انتشار الحمل الحراري مع حالة اولية متقطعة
Authors: حسن محمود سعيد
Published: July 2024

تم فحص مشكلة القطع المكافئ المضطرب بشكل فردي من نوع انتشار الحمل الحراري مع حالة أولية متقطعة. يتم تحديد دالة خطأ مجانية معينة تتوافق مع الانقطاع في الحالة الأولية. يتم تقريب الفرق بين هذه الوظيفة التحليلية وحل مشكلة القطع المكافئ عدديًا. يتم استخدام التحويل الإحداثي بحيث يمكن محاذاة الشبكة المكيفة للطبقة مع الطبقة الداخلية الموجودة في المحلول. تم تقديم التحليل العددي للطريقة العددية المرتبطة بها، والتي تثبت أن الطريقة العددية هي طريقة عددية موحدة المعلمة. تم عرض النتائج العددية لتوضيح حدود الخطأ النقطية المحددة في البحث.
Revisiting History, Reshaping Memory: The Effects of Confronting Ingroup Atrocities
Authors: De Juan Alexander , Peez Anton , Riaz Sascha , Voß Julian
Published: July 2024

How do voters react to challenges of collective memories? We study the controversial "Wehrmacht exhibition" (1995–1999), which exposed the German public to graphic evidence challenging the ``myth of the clean Wehrmacht'' - the false narrative that only the SS, not the military, systematically committed war crimes and perpetrated the Holocaust. To study the exhibition's effects, we leverage survey data of over 830,000 voters in a staggered difference-in-differences setup. We complement this analysis with evidence from over 1,200 letters to the editor, an original survey of Germans born around the end of WWII, and interviews with public figures who spoke at exhibition openings. We find that the exhibition triggered political backlash, particularly among the children of WWII soldiers. However, this backlash was localized and short-lived. We also show that the exhibition effectively shifted public discourse on the Wehrmacht, demonstrating that memory entrepreneurs can overturn self-serving narratives without lasting political repercussions.
A global open-source dataset of monthly irrigated and rainfed cropped areas (MIRCA-OS) for the 21st century
Authors: Kebede Endalkachew , Oluoch Kevin , Siebert Stefan , Mehta Piyush , Hartman Sarah , Jägermeyr Jonas , Ray Deepak , Ali Tariq , Brauman Kate , Deng Qinyu , Xie Wei , Davis Kyle
Published: July 2024

Crop production is among the most extensive human activities on the planet – with critical importance for global food security, land use, environmental burden, and climate. Yet despite the key role that croplands play in global land use and Earth systems, there remains little understanding of how spatial patterns of global crop cultivation have recently evolved and which crops have contributed most to these changes. Here we construct a new data library of subnational crop-specific irrigated and rainfed harvested area statistics and combine it with global gridded land cover products to develop a global gridded (5-arcminute) irrigated and rainfed cropped area (MIRCA-OS) dataset for the years 2000 to 2015 for 23 crop classes. These global data products support critical insights into the spatially detailed patterns of irrigated and rainfed cropland change since the start of the century and provide an improved foundation for a wide array of global assessments spanning agriculture, water resource management, land use change, climate impact, and sustainable development.
Fracture Conductivity Prediction Based on Machine Learning in Shale – Decision Tree and Random Forest Regression
Authors: Meyer Ella
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing extracts oil and gas from deep underground, with fracture conductivity being crucial for efficient production. Traditional lab techniques for measuring conductivity are costly and time-consuming. This paper explores using machine learning, specifically decision tree and random forest regression, to predict fracture conductivity based on experimental data like Poisson’s ratio and proppant size. Optimizing these models can enhance hydraulic fracturing efficiency in shale formations.
Longest common substring regarding the set of de Bruijn sequences
Authors: Cabrera Oscar
Published: July 2024

An algorithm is presented in order to, given any alphabet of size k, compute the longest common substring (LCS) between a sequence S of length N and the whole set of de Bruijn sequences for that length, understood as the maximum value between all LCS of S respecting every sequence of the set.
The role of numeracy in judgment and decision making: the replication of eleven effects using several numeracy scales
Authors: Sobkow Agata , Jurewicz Kacper , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Pronczuk Anna , Mondal Supratik , Badecka Justyna , Bartkiewicz Urszula , Bobowiec Wiktoria , Bochniak Michal , Chwalibog Karina , Czech Lukasz , Daniluk-Malcherek Joanna , Domanska Maja , Dziwusz Nikola , Falborska Patrycja , Gazda Zuzanna , Gruszczynski Lukasz , Grzejdziak Sara , Kalus Adam , Knotz Katarzyna , Kocik Aleksandra , Krzysiek Adrian , Kuriata Tomasz , Kuriata Wiktor , Kusiak Karolina , Litwinczuk Patrycja , Daniel  , Marek Justyna , Mnich Laura , Mrowiec Aleksander , Myslikowska Iga , Ossowska Aleksandra , Panek Paula , Pawelec Agnieszka , Pozaroszczyk Jakub , Rogowska Alicja , Seredyuk Anna , Seweryn Milosz , Shakhraichuk Ivan , Sielicki Michal , Siemieniec Maria , Stec Aleksandra , Szczepaniak Aleksandra , Trufanova Oksana , Zgajewska Anna , Traczyk Jakub
Published: July 2024

Numeracy, representing the ability to understand and process information related to probabilities and numbers, is crucial for accurate decision making. This study evaluates the replicability of eleven effects that underscore the pivotal role of numeracy in judgment and decision making, with successful replication defined as a statistically significant effect in the same direction as reported in the original study. Furthermore, the study explores the potential impact of employing diverse objective numeracy measures on the replicability of the tested effects. Additionally, we investigated correlations with various numeric competencies beyond objective numeracy, including subjective numeracy and approximate numeracy. We ran an online study on Polish-speaking Prolific users (N = 209). Six correlational effects were successfully replicated using the same numeracy measures as the original studies (decision rules, financial knowledge, consistency in risk perception, medical risk comprehension, maximizing the expected value, and preference for optimal options). Another two correlational effects were replicated using subjective instead of objective numeracy measures (resistance to sunk cost and financial well-being). Findings regarding the role of numeracy as a moderator variable were mixed. We found no evidence that numeracy influenced the strength of the framing effect, the attractiveness ratings of bets, and performance in the diagnostic inference task. Nevertheless, our exploratory analyses revealed that individuals with higher numeracy found the loss bet more attractive compared to the no-loss bet. Additionally, visual aids improved diagnostic inferences among participants with lower objective numeracy. This comprehensive examination provides valuable insights into the multifaceted interplay between numeracy and decision-making processes. Materials, data, and scripts are available at: https://osf.io/927bx/.
The Role of Cultural Familiarity, Musicianship and Explicit Learning in the Perception of Long Rhythmic Cycles.
Authors: Ahmad Nashra , Clayton Martin , Eerola Tuomas
Published: July 2024

Rhythmic cycles from North Indian Classical Music (NICM) commonly contain 6 to 16 beats per cycle. Despite their prominence in NICM, these long rhythmic cycles remain unexplored in rhythm perception research, which has concentrated mainly on Western meters or the short/fast meters characteristic of musical traditions like those of Turkey and the Balkans. Long rhythmic cycles from NICM also raise questions about whether isochrony is considered easier to perceive as compared to non-isochrony (based on research on short/fast meters) and remains so when the rhythmic cycles are longer than those previously studied. This study addresses this gap by investigating two prominent rhythmic cycles from NICM: the 16-beat ISO-Teental and the 7-beat NI-Rupaktal. Given the significant role of cultural familiarity and musicianship in shaping rhythm perception, the study examines four participant groups: Culturally Familiar Musicians (N = 32), Culturally Familiar Non-Musicians (N = 44), Culturally Unfamiliar Musicians (N = 34), and Culturally Unfamiliar Non-Musicians (N = 30). Additionally, a novel short-term explicit learning paradigm is employed to explore whether it can influence the effects of enculturation observed in prior research. Culture-specific musical expertise, rather than mere familiarity with the culture or musicianship alone, is found to be the most relevant in the similarity perception of the structure of these long rhythmic cycles. An effect of short-term explicit learning was observed in NI-Rupaktal for Culturally Familiar Non-musicians and Culturally Unfamiliar (western) Musicians. This effect was not observed for the ISO-Teental rhythmic cycle, unlike the previous studies, which we attribute to the cognitive load in the perception of the long ISO-Teental cycle.
Unveiling the Medicinal Potential of Berberis aristata: A Traditional Native Plant of Uttarakhand
Authors: Goswami Rashmi , Arya Damini , Siddiqui Rukkiya , Chand Priya
Published: July 2024

Since ancient times, indigenous medicinal system of India has included herbal plants as a traditional source of medicine. India is known as a rich repository of medicinal plants, and one such plant is Berberis aristata which belongs to the family Berberidaceae which grows mainly in the sub-Himalayan region and the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India. Berberis aristata is used as traditional medicine in various communities to treat eye disorders, piles, osteoporosis, joint pain, skin diseases, malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, allergic conditions, ophthalmia, metabolic disorders and during menopause. The plant contains various phytochemical constituents, mainly alkaloids like berberine, oxyberberine, berbamine, aromoline, karachine, palmatine, oxyacanthine, and taxilamine. Berberine, the major alkaloid, is found in roots, stem bark, rhizomes, and leaves, with the highest concentration in the roots. Various pharmacological properties of Berberis aristata have been reported such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and improved reproductive health. This review aims to highlight the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Berberis aristata which will be helpful to give insights on medicinal utility of the plant. Although more elaborated clinical trials and studies at molecular level will be required to fully understand and validate these properties.
A retrospective study on hearing outcomes of infants of COVID-19 mothers pre-vaccination era
Authors: Shenbagavalli S  , Ashok Kumar Subramaniyam  , Yuvaraj Radhakrishnan  , Thalapathy Ramkumar  , Venkatesan R  , Manisha T
Published: July 2024

Background: A COVID-19 infection can result in a variety of symptoms. Findings must be carefully reviewed because there is still a dispute over the potential involvement of the audiovestibular system. Moreover, there is debate over the intrauterine transfer of COVID-19 infection from mother to fetus in pregnant people. There are not many investigations on the audiovestibular symptomatology of infants exposed to COVID-19 during pregnancy.
Aims and Objectives: This study looks at any potential links between the COVID-19 gestational infection and the start of hearing impairment in babies. The verification of hearing’s engagement in COVID-19 allows for the planning of the time and methods for children’s audiological evaluations.
Materials and Methods: Newborns had audiological examination and screening for hearing loss. The automatic transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) test is used to evaluate newborns for hearing impairments before they are released from the hospital. By employing the COVID-19 case history, otoscopy, acoustic immittance test, transient evoked OAEs test, and mother, pregnancy, and perinatal case histories, an audiological examination is conducted on children under 3 months of age, with 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months of age follow-up.
Results: The research comprised 100 children. Of these infants, 90% were part of the neonatal hearing screening initiative. Due to isolation protocols, the remaining 10 neonates did not undergo hearing screening; instead, a direct audiological examination was performed on them. Out of the 90 newborns that were tested, only 11 had a bilateral REFER test result, but the audiological examination revealed a normal hearing threshold.
Conclusion: There is no data in this study that a mother’s COVID-19 infection results in hearing loss in newborn.
Evaluation of the influence of elective postings in accordance with the competency-based undergraduate medical education pattern on the development of research abilities in students
Authors: Bhanupriya Shivshankar Pande  , Shraddha Patel  , Amit J Patil  , Sonal R Deshpande  , Aashutosh Ramakant Patel  , Mohammed Usman Shaikh
Published: July 2024

Background: As per the revised competency-based medical education guidelines given by the National medical council of India, students are offered elective posting after the first part of 3rd phase of the medical professional course. This has been started from the year 2023. There will be various postings offered and at end of the posting they will be assessed on various domains.
Aims and Objectives: Our study aims to assess the impact of elective posting on the research skills and students’ perception toward it. It also aims to identify the best methods to implement elective postings.
Materials and Methods: In the year 2023, using a complete enumeration technique 86 students from the third phase of MBBS at a medical college in Maharashtra, India, were registered for the 2 months of elective and would be questioned twice following consent using a pre-validated questionnaire. The first interview will take place following the completion of the first block of elective posting, and the second interview will take place following the conclusion of the second block of elective posting.
Results: We observed a statistically significant difference when two blocks were compared on the domains of efforts. Students have reported higher efforts toward clinical and surgical postings. We also observed that students reported a statistically significant level of frustration in block two. In our study, we found that research work was taken more during the second block as students were sensitized in the first block regarding research.
Conclusion: In our study, we have observed that research activities are taken up and processed for presentation using biostatistics in the second block of elective if resource material and support are provided in the block one. Students develop a better understanding of research with proper training.
Comparison of operative outcome of open versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia in rural tertiary care hospital in Haryana: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sanjeev Singla  , Pranav Bansal  , Garima Dwivedi  , Madhan Pranesh R  , Chanderbhan
Published: July 2024

Background: Hernia surgery is one of the commonly done procedures in General surgery. A hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls.
Aims and Objectives: Comparison of morbidity in terms of total analgesic usage, mean length of hospital stay, comparison among open and TEP repair of hernias in primary inguinal hernias among males.
Material and Methods: This study was done on 80 patients with clinical diagnosis of primary inguinal hernia over a period of one year to compare the result of two surgeries, open lichenstein repair (n=40) and TEP repair (n=40).
Results: Postoperative pain using VAS was found to be lower in patients having laparoscopic TEP hernia repair when compared to open lichenstein tension free repair (p <0.01). Operating time was observed to be more with TEP group with mean of 59 ± 17.02 minutes compared with open group which had mean of 44.92±12 minutes. Mean number of analgesic in open cases was 6.65 ± 1.81 whereas in case of TEP group it was 4.35±1.47 over a period of one month.
Conclusion: Lichtenstein tension free mesh hernioplasty still remains the gold standard operation done for inguinal hernia. TEP repair has proven to be superior in terms of perioperative hemorrhage and post-operative analgesia requirement. Study concluded that laparoscopic TEP repair of inguinal repair have a considerable clinical advantage over open hernia repair in terms of postoperative pain and analgesia requirement, hospital stay and postoperative complications.
Comparison of conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in complex renal calculus – Our institutional experience
Authors: Rajasekar Maruthamuthu  , Jayaprakash Narashimman  , Mahendran Ganesamoorthy  , Thiruvarul PV  , Prasad Sivasamy
Published: July 2024

Background: Complex renal calculi, characterized by their size, location, and composition, pose a significant challenge to urologists due to the potential for complications and the difficulty in achieving complete stone clearance. Conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) are two established techniques for managing these complex renal calculi.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are to compare the effectiveness, safety, and outcomes of PCNL versus ECIRS in managing complex renal calculi in a cohort of 60 cases treated at GMKMCH-Salem.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with complex renal calculi who underwent either conventional PCNL or ECIRS during a specified period at GMKMCH-Salem. Patient demographics, stone characteristics, procedural details, intraoperative and post-operative parameters, and complications were analyzed and compared between the two treatment groups.
Results: The study found that both PCNL and ECIRS techniques were effective in treating complex renal calculi. However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of outcomes. The ECIRS technique exhibited superior outcomes with higher stone clearance rates (P<0.001), shorter operative times (P<0.05), and reduced hospital stays (P<0.05) compared to conventional PCNL.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ECIRS is a promising alternative to conventional PCNL in the management of complex renal calculi. The ECIRS technique yielded higher stone clearance rates, shorter operative times, and reduced hospital stays, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing health-care costs. Although our findings show favorable results for ECIRS, the decision between conventional PCNL and ECIRS should be based on individual patient characteristics, surgeon expertise, and resource availability.
Comparative study between dexmedetomidine and midazolam as pre-medication for the prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus and attenuation of stress response at endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic cholecystectomies
Authors: Rathod Sandesh , Maidul Haque  , Patra Sayak , Biswas Chaitali
Published: July 2024

Background: Myoclonus is a common issue in etomidate anesthesia induction, and various drugs have been used to reduce its incidence, highlighting the ongoing search for better alternatives in anesthesiology.
Aims and Objectives: The study analyzed the impact of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and midazolam pre-treatment on etomidate-induced myoclonus incidence, stress response at laryngoscopy, and intubation during etomidate induction.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled intervention study (superiority trial) was done involving 42 patients of age 20–60 years, randomly allocated in two equal groups (Group D: Inj. DEX was given as infusion (0.5 μg/kg) in 10 mL 0.9% normal saline over 10 min and 5 min before induction. Group M: Inj. Midazolam was given 0.02 mg/kg, prepared in 10 mL 0.9% normal saline, to be infused over 10 min and 5 min before induction). Myoclonus was graded after intravenous administration of etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) and hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation were observed at various time intervals. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 27.0. Independent t-test/Mann–Whitney test (for non-parametric data) and Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test were used to compare variables. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study found that DEX effectively suppressed stress response due to intubation compared to midazolam, with mean myoclonus gradation (Mean±SD) in Group-D and Group-M being 0.6190±0.7400 and 1.6667±0.8563, respectively, indicating a significant distribution with group.
Conclusion: DEX was found to be more effective than midazolam in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus and attenuating stress response compared to midazolam.
A study of the association of lipid ratios with thyroid dysfunction in a tertiary medical college in Eastern India
Authors: Chaudhuri Sayani , Arnab Chowdhury  , Sayak Biswas
Published: July 2024

Background: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in major metabolic pathways in the body and dyslipidemia is a major metabolic abnormality seen in thyroid disorders. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now emerging as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the most important risk factor for CVDs is dyslipidemia. The lipid ratios that have a positive association with CVD risk are atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli’s risk index (CRI)-I and II, and atherogenic coefficient (AC). Clinically, both an excess and deficiency of thyroid hormones can exacerbate or induce CVDs and lipid ratio can be used as an inexpensive marker for predicting CVD risk.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the lipid ratios (AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC) in patients with thyroid dysfunction and compare the results with lipid ratios in euthyroid individuals. This study also aims to find any correlation, if exists, between lipid ratios and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in thyroid dysfunction.
Materials and Methods: The serum TSH and lipid profile were evaluated in fifty euthyroid, fifty hypothyroid, fifty subclinical hypothyroid, and fifty hyperthyroid patients. The lipid ratios (AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC) were calculated from the lipid profile.
Results: The mean lipid ratios were higher in hypothyroid, followed by subclinical hypothyroid cases when compared to euthyroid controls and hyperthyroid patients. A positive correlation was observed between the TSH and lipid ratios in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and subclinical hypothyroid subjects. There was no significant correlation between TSH and lipid ratios in hyperthyroid patients.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the evaluation of lipid ratios along with TSH can provide an effective screening tool to assess the cardiovascular risk in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, especially in the absence of imaging techniques in resource-limited centers.
Ocular biometry and anthropometric measurements in young myopes – A case–control study
Authors: Venipriya Sigamani  , Viswesh Kathavarayan  , Lalithambigai Chellamuthu  , Ravichandran Kandasamy  , Hannah Ranjee Prasanth
Published: July 2024

Background: The prevalence of myopia in the 5–15-year age group in India has been 7.5% over the past four decades. While ocular growth and physical growth occur simultaneously during early life, the existence of a common regulatory system for both is still debated.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the ocular biometry and anthropometric values of young myopes and emmetropes aged 18–25 years.
Materials and Methods: This case–control study involved a sample size of 86 participants. Corneal curvature was measured using keratometry, while A-scan ultrasonography was utilized to measure axial length, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth.
Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences in ocular biometry and anthropometric values between the case and control groups, except for corneal thickness and axial length. The mean corneal thickness was found to be 549.64 μm in the case group and 566.05 μm in the control group, while the mean axial length was 24.70 mm in the case group and 23.41 mm in the control group. An increase in height was correlated with longer axial length in myopes.
Conclusion: There was no difference in anthropometry and ocular biometry in emmetropes and myopes in the age group of 18–25 years of age. Myopes tend to have thinner corneas, which should be taken into consideration before performing refractive surgeries. The presence of thin corneas in individuals with myopia can result in inaccurately low measurements of intraocular pressure, potentially hampering the early detection of glaucoma within this high-risk demographic.
Evaluation of varying doses of magnesium as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Samuel George  , Karthick Raj A
Published: July 2024

Background: Peripheral nerve blockade is a crucial component of comprehensive anesthetic care, providing effective analgesia with fewer side effects than opioids and other oral analgesics.
Aims and Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of a magnesium adjuvant in an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block to determine the minimum dose required for the desired effects.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, double-blind, and randomized controlled study included 90 patients scheduled for elective upper limb orthosurgery at GTMCH. The 90 patients were divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Each group received 21.5 mL of the test drug, with A receiving ropivacaine and normal saline, B receiving ropivacaine and magnesium, and C receiving ropivacaine and magnesium.
Results: There was a significant difference in Group A between the onset of sensory and motor blockade in Groups B and C. There was a significant difference in Group A between the duration of sensory and motor blockade in Groups B and C, but no significant difference was observed between Groups B and C. The visual analog scale score varied from 0 to 6 in Group A and from 0 to 5 in Groups B and C. It was found to be significant only from the 7th to 10th h. There was a significant difference in Group A between Groups B and C in 1st rescue analgesia post-operatively and the number of rescue injections in the first 24 h, but no significant differences was observed between Groups B and C.
Conclusion: Both 100 and 150 mg magnesium sulfate with 0.5% ropivacaine in supraclavicular blocks prolonged the blockade duration and reduced analgesic needs.
Dual versus conventional cardiac resynchronization: A pilot study
Authors: Pradip Kumar Ghoshal  , Subhraprakash Pramanik  , Tanmoy Kanti Goswami  , Mondal Rajarshi , Biswas Arunava , Asish Biswas
Published: July 2024

Background: Systolic heart failure treatment now includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as a necessary element. CRT has been shown to have advantageous impacts on mortality, hospitalization rates, and quality of life. Approximately 30% of patients fail to respond to traditional CRT implantation.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the outcome of dual resynchronization by placing the right ventricular pacing lead at His bundle or left bundle branch area against conventional CRT.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study of a total of 35 patients undergoing CRT device placement for assessment of safety, efficacy, and feasibility of the procedure and post-procedural complications and correlation with parameters obtained from electrocardiogram and echocardiography parameters in a tertiary care set up in India.
Results: Among this matched population (mean age 64 years) there was a higher responder rate with the newer technique of dual resynchronization compared to conventional CRT (83% vs. 70%).
Conclusion: Dual resynchronization therapy is feasible and safe and provides better electrical resynchronization compared to conventional CRT and could be a better alternative, especially when suboptimal electrical resynchronization is obtained.
Anatomical variations and clinical significance of the pyramidalis muscle: A detailed morphometric analysis in cadaveric population
Authors: Pratyusha Challa  , Ranzeetha D  , Pavana Kumari KV  , Lakkireddy Vasanthi  , Srinidhi Kondepudi
Published: July 2024

Background: The pyramidalis muscle, often considered a minor muscle of the anterior abdominal wall, has variable presence and morphology across populations. Its clinical significance, particularly in surgical interventions involving the suprapubic region, necessitates a detailed understanding of its anatomical features.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence, morphometric variations (length, width, and thickness), and clinical relevance of the pyramidalis muscle in the cadaveric population, offering insights that could enhance surgical outcomes in the suprapubic region.
Materials and Methods: It conducted on 60 formalin-fixed cadavers from the Department of Anatomy at Guntur Medical College, Guntur, and Government Medical College, Ongole. This study utilized digital Vernier calipers and measuring tape for precise morphometric analysis. Parameters such as presence, number of bellies, length, width, thickness, and the Pyramidalis Pubo Umbilical Index were meticulously recorded.
Results: The pyramidalis muscle was present in 83.3% of the cases, with 80% bilateral and 3.3% unilateral occurrences. The mean length was 66.2 mm on the right and 64.4 mm on the left. The width at the base averaged 23.4 mm (right) and 22.5 mm (left), with a consistent mean thickness of 4.1 mm on both sides. The Pyramidalis Pubo Umbilical Index was 39.82 (right) and 39.2 (left), indicating little variation between sides.
Conclusion: The pyramidalis muscle exhibits a high incidence rate and specific morphometric characteristics in the cadaveric population. These findings underscore its potential impact on surgical approaches in the suprapubic area, providing valuable anatomical insights for healthcare professionals.
An unusual case of longest intussusceptum without any pathological lead point in an adult: A rare case report from a peripheral tertiary care institute of Eastern India
Authors: Manojit Sarkar  , Rahul Dasgupta  , Pintu Mudi  , Nilima Shejole  , Amit Ray
Published: July 2024

Bowel obstruction is known to be caused by intussusception, which is far more common in pediatric patients. The majority of people with adult intussusception require a predisposing cause, which might be a benign lesion, a malignant lesion, or an irregularity of the intestinal wall such as inflammatory bowel disease. Adult intussusception is a very rare condition. We present the case of a patient presenting with upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. The patient had ongoing mild intermittent abdominal pain for months which was investigated with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that showed gastritis. There were features of peritonism on clinical examination and this was associated with raised inflammatory markers. A contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan showed a long-segment telescoping of the ileum into the cecum with ascending colon with proximal bowel distension suggesting bowel obstruction: Ileocolic intussusception. The patient underwent emergency surgical resection with a double-barrel stoma. Histopathology assessment did not identify a causative factor for the intussusception. An uncommon instance of adult idiopathic enteroenteric intussusception is presented here. The diagnosis can be established with the use of the clinical history of chronic intermittent abdominal pain, entire abdomen ultrasonography, and abdomen MDCT. In patients who are unstable and exhibit indications of peritonitis, surgery remains the only choice, even though a more cautious strategy is outlined in the literature. Adult intussusception is a rare and challenging diagnosis to make. Individuals suffering from intussusception may experience prolonged bouts of sporadic abdominal pain that intensify suddenly as a result of acute obstruction. The most helpful investigative technique for confirming the intussusception diagnosis is CT.
Comparison between mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intra renal surgery for the management of lower calyceal calculi of size less than 1.5 cm : Our institutional experience
Authors: Jayaprakash Narashimman  , Pugazhenthi Periasamy  , Mahendran Ganesamoorthy  , Thiruvarul PV  , Kiran Ramapurath
Published: July 2024

Background: The treatment of lower calyceal calculi with a size <1.5 cm remains a subject of debate. Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Mini PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are both effective options, but there is a need for comparative analysis to determine the optimal approach. Mini-perc has the advantage of direct visualization and efficient fragmentation and clearance, while RIRS is a minimally invasive technique with excellent visualization and minimal morbidity.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of mini-perc PCNL and RIRS in the management of lower calyceal calculi.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative cohort study included a total of 72 patients with lower calyceal calculi <1.5 cm. Thirty-six patients underwent mini-perc, and 36 patients underwent RIRS.
Results: No significant differences were observed in patient demographic characteristics, stone size, or stone location between the mini-perc and RIRS groups. The mini-perc group had a significantly higher stone-free rate (SFR) (94.4%) compared to the RIRS group (86.1%) (P<0.05). The mini-perc technique had a higher success rate in first-session stone clearance (88.9%) compared to RIRS (77.8%) (P<0.05). The mini-perc group had a longer operative time, higher estimated blood loss, and a longer post-operative hospital stay compared to the RIRS group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Both mini-perc and RIRS techniques are effective for managing lower calyceal calculi <1.5 cm. Mini-perc offers a SFR and a better success rate in first-session stone clearance compared to RIRS. However, mini-perc procedures are associated with longer operative time, higher estimated blood loss, and a longer post-operative hospital stay.
Paternal influence on pregnancy: Setting the precedence
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: July 2024

According to sociologist, Sylvia patriarchy is “a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress, and exploit women.” Derived from the Greek word patriarkhēs, patriarchy means “the rule of the father.” American sociologist Allan Johnson further mentions that patriarchy is a kind of society in which even though men and women participate, but is male-privileged, maledominated, male-identified, and male-centered. Apart from the sociologist’s point of view of society, it seems that developmental programs in biology also have a patriarchal trend. At least, that’s what is reported from several studies recently. Lopez-Tello et al., reported a paternal insulinlike growth factor 2 (Igf2)-related selective trafficking of maternal resources toward the fetus for its development. Metabolic demands for the fetus are enhanced during pregnancy. It is, therefore, observed that there is a relatively greater shunting of metabolic fuels toward the fetus to increase nutrient availability, more than it is perhaps allowed by the maternal system. The placenta assists in this shuttle by promoting insulin resistance, which leads to glucose intolerance in the mother. This glucose is now made available to the fetal compartments. The paternal Igf2 gene undergoes genomic imprinting, and only the copy inherited from the father is active. Paternally active Igf2 expressed in placental endocrine cells directs the maternal lipids and carbohydrates toward the fetus, an excellent example of paternal manipulation of maternal physiology and metabolic patriarchy. Further, studies have shown that fathers fed with a high-fat diet reduce the pregnancy success rate because of the reduction of their sperm motility. Excess intake of processed food, highsugar diets, or fructose has consequences on offspring’s cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Males fed a low protein diet in mice results in glucose intolerance, metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions, and altered patterns of bone mineralization in pups.
We, therefore, can conclude a robust paternal influence on pregnancy and fetal outcome. Pregnancy was once thought of as an exclusively maternal affair. Increasing research in this arena seems to have smashed that stereotype with paternal influence seems to play a significant role in shaping the birth process. It is high time that Sylvia patriarchal understanding is redefined with the paternal share of responsibility beyond just dominance and an authoritarian role.
The Importance of Positionality for Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Gurr Hannah , Oliver Louise , Harvey Orlanda , Subedi Madhusudan , Van Teijlingen Edwin
Published: July 2024

Qualitative researchers are required to be critically reflective and explain to readers their positionality on their work. This account can be relatively straightforward, but there are occasions when this process of reflection and outlining one’s positionality is much more complicated. This method-paper explains this process. It outlines, using examples of different occasions and situations, where and why such complications may arise, for example, around values and personal experiences. It concludes with further practical advice on writing the section on positionality for novice social scientists.
Implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme for Civil/Public Servants in Nigeria
Authors: James Ezekiel , Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Olaiya Abiodun Paul
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Nigeria’s health system is characterized by gross underfunding, poor stakeholder coordination, and inadequate numbers and skills of health care workers. Thus, the study assessed the factors affecting the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Minna, Niger State, as well as the willingness of civil/public servants to enroll in the scheme.
Methods: The study employed a descriptive research design that is also comparative. Data were collected using questionnaires and presented and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0 for Windows with the help of tables and graphs. The respondents were drawn from 10 ministries in Minna using a multi-stage sampling method.  
Results: A higher percentage of respondents (85.2%) said the scheme would be able to solve the problem of funding for health care delivery. However, more than half of the respondents, 56.1%, were either unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their salaries. Nevertheless, 82.4% expressed good health status. All the respondents (100.0%) pay for their families’ healthcare services without receiving any financial support from any other person. Out of 127 that responded to the question asking about the effects of medical bills on their monthly expenditure. Yet, the majority, 265 (81.8%), were willing to part with a percentage of their salaries to contribute to NHIS.
Conclusion: The State Government should see the willingness of the civil servants to participate in the scheme as an opportunity to commence the implementation of the scheme without further delay to enable civil servants to participate and enjoy the benefits that the scheme offers.
Estimation of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Hand Muscle Performance in Chronic Smartphone Users
Authors: Jain Janvi , Bhende Radha , Shinde Sandeep
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In recent years, smartphone use has significantly expanded, and the majority of daily tasks are now completed on them. Therefore, extended use may result in improper posture, which may result in several musculoskeletal pains. It's crucial to assess the relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain. The length-tension relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles might alter due to the repetitive movement of the hand muscles. The purpose of the study is to determine the length tension relationship of the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles in chronic smartphone users.
Methods: The cross-sectional design of this study allowed for the selection of 80 participants based on both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information that was gathered included demographic information, smartphone usage patterns, hand grip strength, and length-tension relationships. The subjects' pain levels were also measured using the smart phone addiction scale. The male and female scores on the smartphone addiction scale were >31 and >33, respectively.
Results: The findings of this study among 80 chronic smartphone users demonstrated that 50 (62.5%) of them fell in the 25–30 age bracket, whereas 30 (12.5%) were in the 30-35 range. Amongst them, 69 (86.25%) were right-handed, while 11 (13.75%) were left-handed. Upper Limb Tension Test, Visual Analogue Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale mean + SD readings were 37.77 + 9.5, 5.66 + 1.47, and 0.76 + 0.42, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the outcomes of this research, we established a link between smartphone use and the length-tension of the hand muscles. We can therefore draw the conclusion that among subjects who used cell phones frequently, there was a change in the length-tension relation of the hand muscles, which resulted in a reduction in hand grip strength.