bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Three Kings: Hemingway, Faulkner, and Fitzgerald”
Authors: Ford Richard
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, the author reflects on how he came to read William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—whom he describes as the three kings. The author begins by recalling a few years ago reading in Exile's Return, Malcolm Cowley's book on the 1920s, the teenage correspondence between Cowley and Kenneth Burke. He admits that reading was his very problem in Mississippi. He also remembers the first time he read Fitzgerald's story “Absolution” and how he came to know who Faulkner was. According to the author, 1962 was the year he would first read Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and Hemingway. He read The Sun Also Rises, Absalom, Absalom!, and The Great Gatsby. He argues that Faulkner was the best of all three, and the very best of any American writing fiction this century. He concludes by discussing what he and his generation might have learned from the three writers.
“Faulkner’s Mississippi”
Authors: Morris Willie
Published: September 2017

This chapter comments on William Faulkner's imaginative, intuitive world known as Yoknapatawpha County—which it considers one of the most convincing ever conceived by a writer. Faulkner's own “little postage stamp of native soil,” as he called it, was a spiritual kingdom that he transformed into a microcosm not only of the South but also of the human race. More than any other major American novelist, with the possible exception of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Faulkner stayed close to home. Despite his later sojourns in Hollywood and in Charlottesville, Virginia, his physical and emotional fidelity to Oxford and to Mississippi, to the land and the people that shaped him, was at the core of his being. The chapter also discusses Faulkner's stand on racism and poverty, which had forever been his native state's twin burdens.
“William Faulkner and His Biographers”
Authors: Coetzee J. M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on William Faulkner's biographers, including Joseph Blotner, Frederick R. Karl, and Jay Parini. It begins by discussing how a boy of no great intellectual distinction from small-town Mississippi would grow up to be not only a famous writer, celebrated at home and abroad, but one of the most radical innovators in the annals of American fiction. It provides a background on Faulkner's education and how he, in place of schooling, resorted to an intense reading of fin-de-siècle English poetry and of three novelists: Honoré de Balzac, Charles Dickens, and Joseph Conrad. The chapter also considers Faulkner's short stories and screenplays, his winning the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949, his views on race, and his marriage to Estelle Oldham. Finally, it looks at the Faulkner biographies written by Blotner. Karl, and Parini.
Restitution Claims for Wrongful Enslavement and the Doctrine of the Master’s Good Faith
Authors: Westley Robert
Published: September 2017

This chapter begins with the suggestion made by Judge Posner in his opinion for the majority in the case of In re African-American Slave Descendants Litigation to the effect that the injuries exacted by slavery were imposed on the slaves alone, and thus provide no standing to their descendants to sue for restitution of their ancestors’ injuries. Legal procedural doctrines such as standing or time limits or sovereign immunity have successfully blocked consideration by courts of contemporary claims for slavery reparations. In light of conflicting views about the significance of temporality, it has become clear that part of the challenge of understanding contemporary whiteness practices was to make a constructive return to their foundational moments during slavery, to determine what discourses governed the allocation of restitution in both law and equity when enslavement was acknowledged in some cases to have been wrongful, and no procedural doctrines blocked consideration of restitution on the merits.
Whiteness in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Cooper Erica
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, I examine the extent to which one-drop ideology continues to dictate the legal definition of whiteness. The following questions serve as the basis of my research: 1) How do “white,” “mixed race or colored,” and the “one-drop rule” operate as ideographs in post-civil rights legal discourse? 2) Has the codification of the one-drop rule and whiteness been severed in contemporary legal discourse? To address the first research question, I use an ideographic analysis to examine legal briefs from the Malone Brothers and Mary Walker cases. To address my second research question, I complete a content analysis of state and/or federal court cases, 12 involving racial identity from 1980 to 2012, thereby demonstrating that a dramatic shift occurs in how white and mixed race are defined in the language endorsed by court justices.
Prologue
Authors: Baron Robert
Published: September 2017

The prologue reflects on the relationship of conventional museum curatorial practice to Smithsonian Folklife Festival curatorial practices. In particular, it examines the multiple mediations in which Festival curators are involved and the process of “presenting” artists and participants to the public. It raises questions about the perils of objectification of artists within these “living exhibitions” and argues for dialogic approaches to developing Festival programs that incorporate participatory or community curation.
Introduction
Authors: N’Diaye Diana Baird , Cadaval Olivia , Kim Sojin
Published: September 2017

The volume editors frame and contextualize Smithsonian Folklife Festival history with attention to the role of curatorial practice in mediating and negotiating the concerns and interests of the event’s varied publics and stakeholders. The editors address how the articles create a step towards systematically examining institutional Festival principles and the particular curatorial process of the Festival, unpacking the challenges, responsibilities, and forms of conversation that cultural representation entails; the ideals upon which the Festival is based; and places of friction and contestation that arise among the many parties involved in producing it.
What I Learned from Ralph Rinzler: The Politics and Poetics of Public Presentation
Authors: Santino Jack
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes the visionary role of Ralph Rinzler, who is considered the primary impresario of the Festival of American Folklife and the individual who orchestrated its establishment as a presence on the National Mall. Although Rinzler never curated a program himself, he modelled the Festival curator’s sensibilities and shaped the Festival’s occupational culture. The author examines how Rinzler would become the personification of the intersections of academic and applied folkloristics, of idealism and pragmatism, of traditional and groundbreaking conceptions of what folklore and folklife were and how–and why–they should be represented in the national museum and presented to the public. It delineates the principles put into presentational practice; his concepts of the “folk,” of democratic populism, and of social justice in the context of the Folklife Programs, 1975–1983.
Good Enough for Government Work?: Federal Agencies at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival
Authors: Deutsch James I.
Published: September 2017

The author addresses the benefits and liabilities of presenting domestic government agencies as part of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, making evident that the negotiations involved can be as complicated for curators as those in the international arena. The chapter poses the questions of whether the Smithsonian “sold out” to Forest Service, NASA, and Peace Corps agencies, as some critics have charged? Or whether the presentation of tree pathologists and wildlife biologists in 2005; astronauts and astrophysicists in 2008, and volunteers and their partners from fifteen different countries in 2011 support the goals and mission of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival?
Cuba—Confluencias, Creatividad y Color: The Making of a Cuba Folklife Festival Project
Authors: Vidaurri Cynthia L.
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the complications and challenges unique to developing a Cuba Festival program in collaboration with Cuban governmental partners at agencies such as the Cuban Institute for Cultural Research Juan Marinello. Given fifty years of diplomatic isolation, the author, assigned to curate a program that as of 2015 had not come to fruition, explores the implications of the collaborative research and training project for cultural diplomacy and cultural policy in both Cuba and the United States.
Epilogue
Authors: Early James
Published: September 2017

The epilogue is by James Early, former director of cultural heritage at the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural. His long tenure extends across his experiences as a graduate student researcher in the 1970s, supportive assistant secretary, curator, international spokesperson, mentor, and champion of the Festival’s potential for advancing cultural democracy. In this piece, he reflects on the Festival's past and legacies and looks forward, raising questions about future inclinations and directions.
Miscegenation and Progression: The First Americans of Jean Toomer and William Faulkner
Authors: Leiter Andrew B. , Watson Jay
Published: September 2017

This chapter analyzes aspects of miscegenation in William Faulkner’s work relative to several African American antecedents, contends that Jean Toomer’s work contributed to Faulkner’s treatment of the subject, and argues for a partial realignment of the traditional critical paradigm in Faulkner studies that approaches miscegenation through the segregation-era lens of threatened “whiteness.” Relying on an intertextual reading of Go Down, Moses with Toomer’s Cane and “Blue Meridian,” the chapter contends that we can discern Toomer’s influence on Faulkner’s portrayal of miscegenation. Most significantly, Toomer’s vision of progressive racial evolution culminating in a multi-racial, original American helps us frame Sam Fathers as Faulkner’s first American. As such, Fathers represents not only the end of both the Native American presence and the wilderness era in America, but he also serves as an originary model for an evolving mixed-race nation.
From Yoknapatawpha County to St. Raphael Parish: Faulknerian Influence on the Works of Ernest J. Gaines
Authors: Lowe John Wharton , Watson Jay
Published: September 2017

This essay examines affinities between Faulkner and one of the South’s most important contemporary authors, Ernest J. Gaines. It begins by noting the powerful geographical and intertextual imagination at work in the two writers: each created a bounded fictional domain that served as the principal setting for numerous works (Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha County and Gaines’s Louisiana parish of St. Raphael), each used recurring characters across multiple fictions and each writer’s assembled books speak in a kind of dialogue with each other that integrates and amplifies the impact of the overall body of work. By his own admission, Gaines learned much from Faulkner, but just as important are the things to avoid that he found in Faulkner. Where Faulkner too often portrays African Americans in narrow terms of victimization or sheer endurance, Gaines went beyond those limitations to present black figures who achieve a full human standing acknowledged by the larger community.
“For Fear of a Scandal”: Sexual Policing and the Preservation of Colonial Relations in William Faulkner and Marie Vieux-Chauvet
Authors: Sciuto Jenna , Watson Jay
Published: September 2017

This chapter analyzes literary depictions of sexual policing from two periods of historical transition—the late 1930s and early 1940s in Haiti and the U.S. South—in the works of Marie Vieux-Chauvet and William Faulkner. The policing of sexuality portrayed in the novels allowed the beneficiaries of colonialism, the plantocracy in the U.S. South, and the mulâtres-aristocrates in Haiti to control the intersection of race and sexuality and to preserve colonial hierarchies in post-/neo-colonial societies as adherence to them began to wane. However, through the depiction of consensual interracial relationships and same-sex friendships, the novels also hint at other options: alternatives to the replication of destructive colonial hierarchies. By including these examples of resistance, Faulkner and Vieux-Chauvet confront, rather than passively reinscribe, colonial relations in the post-/neo-colonial era.
Morrison’s Return to Faulkner: A Mercy and Absalom, Absalom!
Authors: Fowler Doreen , Watson Jay
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines an intertextual relationship between Toni Morrison's novel, A Mercy (2008) and Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! (1936). A Mercy returns to racial motifs in Faulkner's work and shifts the focus from the dominant culture to the marginalized and explores racial meanings that have eluded readers for whom black and white are discrete, dichotomous categories. Whereas the narrators of Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! are the white upper class that Morrison calls “the dominant cultural body,” Morrison's novel incorporates narrators include all perspectives--white, black, Native American, free, and slave--and Morrison's culturally marginalized narrators foreground meanings that are implicit, but often withheld, disguised, or denied by Faulkner's narrators.
The Rhetoric of Failure
Authors: Marrone Daniel
Published: September 2017

This chapter considers the frequent revaluation of success and failure in Seth’s narratives, placing him in a Chekhovian tradition of storytelling that is characterized by “the irony of unfulfillment.” An examination of the “rhetoric of failure” – which David M. Ball identifies in the work of cartoonist Chris Ware – is framed by a critical approach that borrows from Francesco Orlando’s study of obsolete objects in literature.
For Orlando, the failure of the obsolete body is the failure to function, a failure which is directly related to the passage of time. Many of Seth’s characters value objects precisely because of their age. The twilight, in-between tone of Seth’s work is accompanied by a strong impulse to save.
Seth’s work repeatedly depicts an uncertain transmutation: failure develops in the direction of ambivalence, until it ultimately coincides with its opposite. Though such inversions are not stable, failures and obsolete objects are briefly redeemed.
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mylonakis Mathios E. , Theodorou Konstantina N.
Published: September 2017

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease of worldwide distribution. The major causative agent is Ehrlichia canis, a gram-negative, obligate intracellular, pleomorphic bacterium of the genus Ehrlichia, which infects monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, forming intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound bacterial aggregates, called morulae. After an incubation period of 8-20 days, the course of E. canis infection, can be sequentially divided into acute, subclinical and chronic phases, although these phases can hardly be distinguished in the clinical setting. Clinical recovery is the typical outcome of acutely infected dogs, entering the subclinical phase, during which they show no or minimal clinical signs and/or mild hematological abnormalities. Immunocompetent dogs may eliminate the infection during the acute or subclinical phases, but an unpredictable proportion of dogs will eventually develop the chronic phase, characterized by aplastic pancytopenia and high mortality, due to septicemia and/or severe bleeding. This article outlines briefly the pathogenesis of CME due to E. canis, and more thoroughly reviews the recent scientific literature pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (Cart) Expression in the Pterygopalatine Ganglion of the Pig
Authors: Zacharko-Siembida Anna , Matysek Małgorzata , Szalak Radosław , Arciszewski Marcin B.
Published: September 2017

Although, a great effort has been made to understand the synthesis, regulation, processing and function of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide at the central level, its peripheral function(s) are still obscure. Moreover, scarce studies describing the presence of CART in peripheral autonomic ganglia are mainly limited to laboratory rodents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of CART in Hu C/D-positive neurons of the porcine pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG). The distribution pattern of CART-IR nerve elements in PPG has been also assessed. The co-localization of CART with substance P (SP), galanin or somatostatin was studied by means of double immunohistochemical stainings. The presence of Hu C/D-positive/CART-positive neurons was detected both in the left and right PPG (4.7±1.2% and 5.2% ± 1.4%, respectively). The CARTimmunoreactive (IR) neurons were categorized as either middle (ca. 80%) or small (ca. 20%) in size. Moderate numbers of CART-IR boutons were also detected between CART-negative ganglionic neurons. CART-IR basket-like formations around PPG neurons were regularly observed. Virtually all CART-IR neurons additionally co-stored VIP, whereas none of the CART-expressing cells showed the presence of galanin, SP or somatostatin. CART-IR basket-like formations exclusively encircled VIP-IR PPG neurons. Thus, CART-IR nerve cells seem to constitute a relatively small homologous population of the porcine PPG neurons with largely unknown functions. Further functional studies aiming at whether CART-IR neurons could serve as interneurons are necessary.
Effects of Losartan, Tempol, and Their Combination On Renal Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Animal Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Karanovic Danijela , Grujic-Milanovic Jelica , Miloradovic Zoran , Ivanov Milan , Jovovic Djurdjica , Vajic Una-Jovana , Cirovic Sanja , Markovic-Lipkovski Jasmina , Mihailovic-Stanojevic Nevena
Published: September 2017

Down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NO deficiency in the kidneys have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study we examined the effects of losartan, tempol, and combined treatment on three NOS isoforms expressions, kidney NO content and NOS correlation with renal function and structure in the early stage of adriamycin (ADR)-induced CKD in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were divided into control group, and four other groups which were treated with ADR and received vehicle, losartan (L, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker), tempol (T, redox-cycling nitroxide) or T+L treatment (by gavage) in a six-week study. Reduction of all NOS isoforms expressions were significantly improved by losartan or tempol, and correlated with proteinuria amelioration. Combined treatment induced down-regulation of constitutive NOS isoforms, whilst inducible NOS was up-regulated and followed by increased nitrite content and a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Losartan or tempol prevented ADR-induced neoexpression of vimentin in the glomeruli and tubulointerstital areas, whereas de novo vimentin expression was still observed in the atrophic tubules and in the interstitial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in combined treatment. It can be concluded that single treatments, contrary to combined, were effective in improving NO bioavailability and slowing down the progression of CKD.
On the Advantages of Minority Condition in the Romanian-Hungarian Cultural and Literary Relations
Authors: Trifescu Valentin
Published: September 2017

This study analyses the way in which cultural and literary Romanian-Hungarian relations have evolved since World War I in the context of the rapport between majority and minority. Our aim is to analyze, from an interdisciplinary and diachronic perspective, the implications related to culture and identity of the process studied. We raise the problem of bilingualism and its manifestation at the level of bilateral cultural relations, in general, and literary criticism, in particular.
The Image of Transylvania in the Works of Two Contemporary Romanian Historians. Translation and Related Views on History
Authors: Lajos Katalin
Published: September 2017

“As every inhabited area, culturally Transylvania can also be conceived of mainly as a symbolic space. Starting from its physical, material reality, our perceptions are made up into a subjective image of the area in question. This is the real Transylvania, or rather, the place in connection with which we formulate our ideas and to which we adjust our deeds. This image may seem so real also because it is equally shared by many, occasionally several millions. If many see things in the same way, we could say, this means that they are so in reality, though most of the time we only share prejudices, clichés and misunderstandings” - Sorin Mitu writes. Comparative imagology examines the formation of these collective ideas as well as the issues of identity and attitude to the Other. As a member of the imagology research group at the Department of Humanities of Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania, I translated one chapter of Sorin Mitu’s volume entitled Transilvania mea [My Transylvania]. During the translation process it became obvious to me that if translation is not only linguistic but also cultural transmission, it is especially true for the translation of historical works and that it would be worth examining whether some kind of rapprochement could be detected between the Romanian and Hungarian historical research of the past decades; if yes, whether this is reflected in the mutual translation of the respective works
Heterotopic Discourse in Ivo Andrić’s The Damned Yard
Authors: Toldi Éva
Published: September 2017

The paper analyzes Ivo Andrić’s novel The Damned Yard, a work that has received continuous critical attention since its publication. Its interpretation presents a challenge even to the latest schools of literary theory. With a focus on the poetics of space, the argument applies Michel Foucault’s theory and discusses the roles heterotopias play in structuring the narrative. Heterotopias reveal the attributes of real and metaphoric spaces, while the dynamics of space influence the movements of narration in the novel. Reproducing diverse forms of deviance, heterotopia delineates the frame of the individual’s identity. The conclusion suggests that the text’s complex metaphysical web of meanings is produced by the deranged identity appearing in a closed space, and the correspondingly deranged narration.
MRI findings and physical performance as predictors of flight-induced musculoskeletal pain incidence among fighter pilots
Authors: Rintala Harri , Sovelius Roope , Rintala Pirjo , Huhtala Heini , Siitonen Simo , Kyröläinen Heikki
Published: September 2017

Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of pre-career magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) find­ings and physical performance level with possible musculoskeletal disorders during jet flight training. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 73 fighter pilots who had undergone pre-career cervical and lumbar spine MRI. Physical performance of a subgroup of the pilots (n = 67) was measured initially at the same time and followed up to the fast jet training phase (ranging from 3.8 to 7.0 years). Musculoskeletal pain history during pilot training was taken from the medical charts. MRI findings and physical performance were associated with perceived clinical complaints during the follow-up. Results: 82% of the cervical and 92% of the lumbar spines showed abnormalities at at least one disk level. MRI did not reveal significant cervical degeneration. Thirteen disk bulges in the lumbar spine were discovered, while 5 pilots had listhesis and/or osteophyte formation on the spine (lumbar vertebra 4/sacroiliac joint level, L4-SI). 41% of the studied pilots suffered spinal symptoms during the follow-up, but only 16% and 17% of the cervical and lumbar MRI findings, respectively, were associated with subsequent symptoms. Endurance and strength levels were not, but lower body motor skills were, strongly (relative risk, RR 0.46) associated with a decreased number of flight-induced medical appointments in the early flight career. Conclusions: Minor MRI findings have no predictable value in the very early flight career. Nevertheless, versatile, skills/power-oriented exercises before the flight career seem to be occupationally beneficial in reducing musculoskeletal disorders.
Evaluation of analytical performance of a new high-sensitivity immunoassay for cardiac troponin I
Authors: Masotti Silvia , Prontera Concetta , Musetti Veronica , Storti Simona , Ndreu Rudina , Zucchelli Gian Carlo , Passino Claudio , Clerico Aldo
Published: September 2017

Background:

The study aim was to evaluate and compare the analytical performance of the new chemiluminescent immunoassay for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), called Access hs-TnI using DxI platform, with those of Access AccuTnI+3 method, and high-sensitivity (hs) cTnI method for ARCHITECT platform.

Methods:

The limits of blank (LoB), detection (LoD) and quantitation (LoQ) at 10% and 20% CV were evaluated according to international standardized protocols. For the evaluation of analytical performance and comparison of cTnI results, both heparinized plasma samples, collected from healthy subjects and patients with cardiac diseases, and quality control samples distributed in external quality assessment programs were used.

Results:

LoB, LoD and LoQ at 20% and 10% CV values of the Access hs-cTnI method were 0.6, 1.3, 2.1 and 5.3 ng/L, respectively. Access hs-cTnI method showed analytical performance significantly better than that of Access AccuTnI+3 method and similar results to those of hs ARCHITECT cTnI method. Moreover, the cTnI concentrations measured with Access hs-cTnI method showed close linear regressions with both Access AccuTnI+3 and ARCHITECT hs-cTnI methods, although there were systematic differences between these methods. There was no difference between cTnI values measured by Access hs-cTnI in heparinized plasma and serum samples, whereas there was a significant difference between cTnI values, respectively measured in EDTA and heparin plasma samples.

Conclusions:

Access hs-cTnI has analytical sensitivity parameters significantly improved compared to Access AccuTnI+3 method and is similar to those of the high-sensitivity method using ARCHITECT platform.
Performance assessment on a variety of double side structure during collision interaction with other ship
Authors: Prabowo Aditya Rio , Sohn Jung Min , Bae Dong Myung , Cho Joung Hyung
Published: September 2017

The main goal of the present paper was to study the physical response of a double side skin (DSS) structure under impact load in a collision event between two ships. Collision energy and damage extent (size and location) during the collision process were observed together with damage patterns on side structure. The ships were modeled after a Ro-Ro passenger ship and cargo reefer which were involved in a ship collision on the Sunda Strait while the analyseswere performed using non-linear simulations FEMto produce virtual simulation data. Several caseswere proposed to be investigated in this work with involvement of parameters i.e. penetration location and ship materials which were embedded on the structure model. A series of material experiments and testing was conducted to obtain detailed material properties which were to be deployed in simulation. It was shown that, after penetration at the transition location, the striking ship was successfully deforming and forming tears to the inner skin. On the other hand, with identical structure and identical mass of construction, the use of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel as the repair material offered considerably better capacity in absorbing the impact load than plain-carbon steel.
A case of significant subcutaneous emphysema on non-invasive respiratory support in a late preterm infant
Authors: Pegu Satyaranjan , Bodani Jaya P. , Deb Bakul
Published: September 2017

Air leaks are known complications associated with mechanical ventilation, with a higher incidence in more premature babies. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are the most common ones and the majority would resolve spontaneously without active intervention. Subcutaneous emphysema is very rare, with few reported cases in neonates. We report here a case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a late preterm baby developed while on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) respiratory support.
Kinetic Modeling of Indian Rice Husk Pyrolysis
Authors: Ghodke Praveen , Mandapati Ramesh Naidu
Published: September 2017

To efficiently utilize agricultural biomass waste, kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis of rice husk, including both physical (mainly heat transfer) and chemical (reactions) terms, was conducted at different heating rates from (10 to 20 K min−1) to develop a transport model. For chemical kinetics, the parameters were estimated using different kinetic models, namely the single- or parallel-reaction kinetic model with higher orders and the two-step consecutive reaction model. The two-step model could adequately explain the pyrolysis reaction of multiple reactions with different reaction orders i. e., first step is of the first order (m = 1) with respect to the mass of biomass, and the second step is of the second order (n = 2) with respect to the mass of the intermediate to char. The intrinsic kinetics at different heating rates in the absence of oxygen was derived through thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics of the evolution of non-condensable gases was studied in a self-designed reactor, and an appropriate kinetic model of rice husk biomass pyrolysis that showed excellent agreement with experimental data was established.
Speech Rate In Phonetic -Phonological Anal Ysis of Public Speech (Using the Example of Political and Media Speech )
Authors: Tivadar Hotimir
Published: September 2017

The speech rate is comparatively ignored in linguistic and phonetic research and monographs. Most often it is discussed from the viewpoint of feeling, linguistic sense (a slow, fast, or suitable speech rate) and mainly in connection with rhythm, which includes volume and stress. The speech rate depends on the topic and purpose of communication, as well as the personal (and colloquial) attributes of the speaker. With the development of electronic media and the technical revolution, the speech rate is becoming more and more important, especially due to the significance of speed and the rapid life tempo. On television, seconds are worth thousands or even millions of dollars/Euros, which makes the speech rate and the passing of information all the more important. Nevertheless, the speech rate must be appropriate to the language and the topic so that listeners and viewers can understand the message. Values that will be presented in this article are an important point of reference for Slovenian and other languages. The rate of Slovenian speech in regards to measurements is mostly 4.5 - 6.5 syllables per second, deviations are, of course, also possible.
StručnÝ EtymologickÝ SlovnÍk Slovenčiny A Winterovo Pravidlo
Authors: Pukanec Martin
Published: September 2017

This paper deals with several entries of the recent Slovak etymological dictionary Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny (2015) from the point of view of Winter’s Law. From this point of view, boh [God] (and, as the case may be, chod [motion, movement]) should have been originally borrowed from Iranian, koza [goat] should be regarded as a borrowing from Altaic languages, and sedlo1 [ settlement] as well as sedlo2 [seat] as borrowings from Germanic. Moreover, from the point of view of Winter’s Law, the etymological interpretation of modrý [blue] and nevesta [bride] should be considered as too broad and the one of pôjd [loft] as inaccurate.
Computational Approaches to Identify Genetic Interactions for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Benstead-Hume Graeme , Wooller Sarah K. , Pearl Frances M.G.
Published: September 2017

The development of improved cancer therapies is frequently cited as an urgent unmet medical need. Here we describe how genetic interactions are being therapeutically exploited to identify novel targeted treatments for cancer. We discuss the current methodologies that use ‘omics data to identify genetic interactions, in particular focusing on synthetic sickness lethality (SSL) and synthetic dosage lethality (SDL). We describe the experimental and computational approaches undertaken both in humans and model organisms to identify these interactions. Finally we discuss some of the identified targets with licensed drugs, inhibitors in clinical trials or with compounds under development.
Cross-Layer Performance Analysis of the Unreliable Data Transmission for Decentralized Cognitive MAC Protocol under Multiple Secondary Users Scenario
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Xie Xianzhong , Song Ting
Published: September 2017

The effect of multiple secondary users detecting the same primary user channel during a minor period on the performance of traditional energy detection is investigated. In order to achieve the target probability of detection, the minimum sampling time (MST) for energy detection is derived under the limitation of energy detection (LED), when the random arrival of the secondary users is taken into account. Jointly considering both spectrum sensing and access, we derive the probability of unreliable data transmission for decentralized cognitive MAC (DC-MAC) protocol based on MST under LED. The numerical results show that the simulation and theoretical analysis match very well. The reliability of data transmission is significantly degraded by the secondary users’ traffic. With the target probability of detection increasing, the reliable throughput reduces.
Rape is Trespass
Authors: Bernstein Anita
Published: September 2017

By furnishing new blackletter on battery, assault, and false imprisonment, Restatement (Third) of Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons provides illustrations of what the medieval writ of Trespass once remedied. All three causes of action restated in this Restatement derive from the trespass writ, as do other modern doctrines that fall under intentional torts to persons. This article, hewing to the tradition that the law of trespass provides redress for direct, unmediated, and wrongful boundary-crossing, argues that sexual penetration unwanted by the person penetrated is trespass. If rape is trespass, then consequences follow for the law of torts as well as crimes.
Six days in July: Charles Lyell in the Eifel in 1831 (possibly looking at loess)
Authors: Smalley Ian
Published: September 2017

Charles Lyell made a geological excursion to the Eifel region in Germany in July 1831. He went to examine volcanic rocks and volcanic landscapes. He discussed this outing with Mary Somerville and Samuel & Charlotte Hibbert. It is possible that he observed loess in the Eifel. It is hoped that his Eifel notebook is with the Lyell papers at Kinnordy and that it may be transcribed and published. Lyell spread the word on loess; Von Leonard invented it and Horner enthused about it but Lyell disseminated the essential idea of loess. There is (so far) no clear evidence that Lyell saw and appreciated loess in the Eifel region in 1831. This suggests that his first real encounter with the loess (ground or concept) was in the discussions with the Hibberts in September 1831. He certainly had substantial (reported) encounters in 1832, and was definitely interested by the time of the publication of the Principles of Geology vol. 3 in 1833.
Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation of differential equations
Authors: Chouraqui Aïcha , Lécot Christian , Djebbar Bachir
Published: September 2017

We are interested in the numerical solution of the
ordinary differential equation

y
′

⁢

(
t
)

=

f
⁢

(
t
,

y
⁢

(
t
)

)

{y^{\prime}(t)=f(t,y(t))}

when f is smooth in y but
lacks regularity in t. We describe a family of methods
akin to the Runge–Kutta family. It involves Monte Carlo
simulation of integrals. We focus on third-order
schemes which use random samples in dimension
three. We give error bounds in terms of the step size and
the discrepancy of the set used for the Monte Carlo
approximations. We solve a model problem in which f
undergoes rapid time variations. It is shown for this example that, by using
a quasi-random point set in place of pseudo-random samples,
we are able to obtain reduced errors.
Negative interest rates: why and how?
Authors: Kisel’ák Jozef , Hermann Philipp , Stehlík Milan
Published: September 2017

Interest rates (or nominal yields) can be negative, this is an unavoidable fact which has already been visible during the Great Depression (1929–39). Nowadays we can find negative rates easily by e.g. auditing. Several theoretical and practical ideas how to model and eventually overcome empirical negative rates can be suggested, however, they are far beyond a simple practical realization. In this paper we discuss the dynamical reasons why negative interest rates can happen in the second order differential dynamics and how they can influence the variance and expectation of the interest rate process. Such issues are highly practical, involving e.g. the banking sector and pension securities.
Crystal structure of 2,5-bis((E)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)cyclopentan-1-one, C21H14F6O
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Qiu Chenyu , Li Shanshan , Zhou Lina , Hu Mengwei , Chen Xiaojing , Yu Bin , Hong Yan , Liu Zhiguo , Xia Qinqin
Published: September 2017

C21H14F6O, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.8470(16) Å, b = 7.9390(16) Å, c = 14.993(3) Å, α = 83.25(3)°, β = 89.18(3)°, γ = 73.79(3)°, V = 890.5(3) Å, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0658, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1261, T = 293 K.
Greener solvents for solid-phase organic synthesis
Authors: Lawrenson Stefan B.
Published: September 2017

Solid-phase organic synthesis is an essential method for the rapid synthesis of complex biological structures and libraries of small organic molecules. However, it is often associated with the use of large quantities of problematic solvents for the removal of excess reagents and reaction by-products. Given that solvent will often be the biggest contributor to waste generated in the average pharmaceutical/fine-chemical process, its exchange for a more desirable alternative often presents the biggest gains in terms of reducing environmental impact. This review aims to explore recent approaches to performing solid-phase organic synthesis, and associated solid-phase peptide synthesis, in neoteric solvents and reaction media that present greener alternatives.
A review on the adsorption of phenols from wastewater onto diverse groups of adsorbents
Authors: Issabayeva Gulnaziya , Hang Shu Yan , Wong Mee Chu , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: September 2017

Phenol and its derivatives are used in numerous industrial processes; these compounds are highly toxic and corrosive, classified as priority pollutants. One of the effective processes for the removal of phenols is adsorption. Numerous and various adsorbents in nature have been researched for this purpose in the past decade. Their adsorption capacities vary from 1 to >1000 mg/g, and are influenced by such factors as the adsorbent’s surface area, pH, temperature, concentration of phenol and surface functional groups, contact time, etc. In this review, adsorbents tested for the removal of phenol and phenol compounds have been classified into four groups: carbonaceous adsorbents, clay and natural mineral adsorbents, polymer-based adsorbents, and novel adsorbents. The highest adsorption capacities were attained by polymer-based adsorbents (>1000 mg/g), whereas natural clays and novel adsorbents showed adsorption capacities of the lower range as compared to the carbonaceous adsorbents. The major advantage of phenol adsorption over other applicable processes is the high potential for phenol recovery and reuse.
Characteristics of request formulation in Estonian, Finnish, French, Lithuanian and Russian
Authors: Pajusalu Renate , Kaska Maret , Klaas-Lang Birute , Pajusalu Karl , Treikelder Anu , Vihman Virve-Anneli
Published: September 2017

On the basis of a set of discourse completion tasks, forms of making requests and asking for information in various contexts in five languages with various mutual contacts and areal affiliations are investigated. The study shows what young Estonian, Finnish, French, Lithuanian and Russian speakers consider to be appropriate forms of making requests in various contexts. Many similarities among these languages were found, but also some systematic cross-cultural and cross-linguistic differences. The effects of language contacts can be seen most clearly in the “intermediate” positioning of Estonian and Lithuanian, between French and Finnish on one side and Russian on the other, along many of the parameters investigated.
Electron-Nuclear Dynamics on Amplitude and Frequency Modulation of Molecular High-Order Harmonic Generation from H2
+ and its Isotopes
Authors: Liu Hang , Feng Liqiang
Published: September 2017

Electron-nuclear dynamics of molecular high-order harmonic generation from H2
+ and its isotopes has been theoretically investigated beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximations. The results show that (i) due to the different ionisation probabilities and the harmonic emission times, the intensities of the harmonics from H2
+ and its isotopes are very sensitive to the initial vibrational state, the pulse duration, and the pulse intensity. (ii) Due to the nonadiabatic effects in molecular high-order harmonic generation, the red-shifts of the harmonics can be found in the lower pulse intensity. With the increase of the pulse intensity, the harmonics are from the red-shifts to the blue-shifts. Moreover, as the pulse duration increases, the blue-shifts of the harmonics can be enhanced. As the initial vibrational state increases, the red-shifts of the harmonics can be decreased, whereas the blue-shifts of the harmonics can be enhanced. However, the shifts of the harmonics are decreased as the nuclear mass increases. (iii) Due to the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in molecules, the spatial symmetry of the system is broken. As a result, non-odd harmonics can be generated at the larger internuclear distance. With the increase of the initial vibrational state or the nuclear mass, the generation of the non-odd harmonics can be enhanced and reduced, respectively. As the pulse duration or the pulse intensity increase, the generation of the non-odd harmonics can be enhanced. However, the intensities of the non-odd harmonics are decreased when using the longer pulse duration with the much higher laser intensity.
Malusides, novel glucosylceramides isolated from apple pomace (Malus domestica)
Authors: Reisberg Mathias , Arnold Norbert , Porzel Andrea , Neubert Reinhard H.H. , Dräger Birgit
Published: September 2017

Three new glucosylceramides (GluCers) named malusides I–III (1–3) were isolated from apple (cultivars of Malus domestica) pomace (fruit material remaining after juice extraction). An unusual oxo/hydroxy group pattern within the sphingadienine (d18:2) type sphingoid base was observed. All compounds contained the same α-hydroxylated fatty acid (h16:0) and a β-D-glucose moiety. Their structures were assigned on the basis of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and mass spectrometry (MS) measurements.
Comparative Analysis and Adhesion Testing of Hot-Applied Rubberized Asphalt Membrane Products
Authors: Field E. D. , Gibbons D. G.
Published: September 2017

Hot liquid-applied rubberized-asphalt membranes (referred to in this paper as HRA membranes) have over a 40-year track record of use in roofing and waterproofing applications. In the authors' experience, this use has been generally consistent with respect to surface preparation and membrane application procedures. However, the physical and material properties of HRA membranes are not well known and not consistently reported by all manufacturers, leaving designers with limited basis for comparing products. Further, the industry has not reached a consensus on defining adequate adhesion of HRA membranes in the field, or standard field testing procedures for quantifying membrane adhesion. The testing procedures and minimum performance requirements historically used for evaluating HRA membranes are found in a Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) standard withdrawn in January 2005. However, this archaic standard is still considered the only material standard for HRA membranes in the industry. ASTM International committees are currently developing new standards for the testing and application of HRA membranes based on CGSB Standards recognized in the industry, but consensus has not yet been reached. The laboratory testing program summarized in this paper was performed in two phases, and with five commonly used HRA membrane products. The authors designed the Phase 1 program to compare physical properties of HRA membranes to better understand membrane durability and expected performance across the different products. Phase 1 testing also included material analysis of each HRA membrane, focusing on percentages and types of fillers used with the rubberized-asphalt products. Phase 2 was primarily an adhesion testing program developed to evaluate the bond of HRA membranes to concrete with various surface profiles and preparations, but also included low-temperature flexibility membrane testing and tensile strength testing of reinforcing fabrics used in fabric-reinforced HRA membrane assemblies.
Folk Song at the Beginnings of National History
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

The first translation chapter examines the Johann Gottfried Herder’s first major attempt to gather and publish the songs to which he referred as folk songs. Publication of the four parts of Alte Volkslieder (old folk songs) was planned for 1774, but remained incomplete, albeit an experiment that would provide the template for later anthologies. Two of the introductory essays from the four parts appear in translation in the present chapter. The “first book” critically raises questions about the ways in which song provides telling evidence for cultural and national history, especially that of Germany. The “fourth book” has the subtitle, “Approaching the Songs of Foreign Peoples,” and therefore contains the first essay by Herder to understand the meaning of music that forms from the encounter between self and other.
From Alte Volkslieder / Ancient Folk Songs
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried
Published: September 2017

All those whom I need to thank

should still let themselves be known.

The man who is pleased by everything

will never hear my book. …

One cannot raise an individual to feeling

whom God has not already ordained,

he would be more useful than am I....
The Folk Song Project at the Confluence of Music and Nationalism
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: September 2017

Published in six folios during 1778 and 1779, Herder’s Volkslieder (Folk songs) has been one of the most influential works in modern intellectual history, even though it has never before appeared in English translation. The Volkslieder not only became the first collection of world music—songs came not only from many regions of Europe, but also from Africa, the Mediterranean, and South America—but also served as the source for European composers throughout the nineteenth century. Aesthetics, ethnography, and literary and cultural history converge to transform modern musical thought. Part one of the chapter contains translations from Herder’s own introductions to the songs, and part two contains twenty-four songs that represent the paradigm shift inspired by this monumental work on folk song.
From Volkslieder and Stimmen der Völker in Liedern / Folk Songs and Voices of the People in Song
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried
Published: September 2017

The continuation of the evidence for folk songs will follow in this part. Because, however, every good thing finds voice in two or three cases, and because even a hundred pieces of evidence would be insufficient, we want here to save paper and words. Instead, we should want to move on to that which could serve as clarification and presentation of these many poems....