bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTION OF A SCHEME FOR THE USE OF FODDER CROPS FOR THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: BekeevZh.G.,  , Bulekov Tulegen
Published: October 2023

Pasture keeping of farm animals in the conditions of the dry steppe zone is a labor-intensive process. To provide stable animals with feed, we have developed the structure of a hay-pasture conveyor. This method is based on the use of forage crops, scientifically based selection of species composition, productivity level, direction of economic purpose.  The developed composition uses mixtures of perennial herbs consisting of granary, esparcet and alfalfa, and also uses seeds of Sudanese grass, fodder sorghum. The main attention is drawn to the fact that the crops of Sudanese grass are mown in the "tubing - earing" phase. To obtain a good grass of the Sudanese grass, mowing was carried out at a height of 10-12 cm in the phase of throwing out the panicle. The sowing of fodder sorghum for green fodder was carried out in the second decade of May, since the warm period favorably affects the increase in vegetative mass. In the panicle phase, forage sorghum is recommended to be drained in October-November, and in warm winter conditions it is used as a winter pasture.  At the end of the pasture season, the autumn cold comes. During this period, the animals return to the pens again, where feeding is carried out with harvested hay. The developed structure of the hay-pasture conveyor allows for a long time to receive pasture feed and increase the pasture period by 90-95 days due to the presence of annual and perennial grasses in the scheme. The haymaking and pasture conveyor is strongly influenced by weather and climatic conditions, under favorable conditions it is possible to obtain from a unit area from 113.7 to 125 c/ha of pasture grass green mass.
Ice cream Plombir based on goat milk dairy products
Authors: Ландиховская А.В. , Канина К.А.
Published: October 2023

Приведены результаты исследований по определению показателей качества мороженого пломбир, произведенного из продуктов козьего молока, и в качестве контроля из коровьего. Исследованы образцы мороженого пломбир с традиционным содержанием СОМО 10 и повышенным 12 %. Установлено, что различия в составе белков и минеральных солей в козьем молоке по сравнению с коровьим вызвали незначительное снижение кислотности и более заметно отразились на вязкости: произошло ее снижение в 3,8 и 3,1 раза в зависимости от массовой доли СОМО. Термоустойчивость образцов мороженого отличалась незначительно. В образце с козьим молоком с СОМО 10 % массовая доля плава составила 0,68 %, в контроле для этого образца плав отсутствовал. В образцах мороженого с СОМО 12 % массовая доля плава была на уровне 1 % и 0,34 % в контроле. Увеличение массовой доли СОМО с 10 до 12 % в образце с козьим молоком привело к снижению формоустойчивости мороженого, но не оказало влияния на показатель «твердость». Доля воздушных пузырьков размером до 50 мкм в опытных образцах мороженого через 3 мес хранения снизилась на 15 и 25 % в зависимости от массовой доли СОМО, в контрольных образцах изменение данного показателя произошло на 4 и 8 %. Вкус мороженого пломбир из козьего молока характерен для продукции из аналогичного сырья. Данный вид пломбира возможен для производства с целью расширения ассортимента мороженого и продуктов из козьего молока.

The results of studies on determining the quality indicators of the ice cream Plombir made of goat milk dairy products and of cow milk as control one are given. The samples of the ice cream Plombir with traditional MSNF content of 10 and increased – 12 %. It was established that the difference in the composition of protein and mineral salts in a goat milk in comparison to a cow milk caused a small reduction of acidity and more noticeably reflected the viscosity, as it reduced to 3,8 and 3,1 times depending from the mass fraction of MSNF. Thermal stability of ice cream samples differed slightly. In the sample with the goat milk with MSNF 10 % the mass fraction of melt was 0,68 %. In the control for this sample the melt was absent. In the samples of the ice cream with MSNF 12 % the mass fraction of melt was at the level of 1 % and 0,34 % in the control. An increase of the mass fraction from 10 to 12 % in the sample with the goat milk resulted in the reduction of form stability of the ice cream< but did not affected the hardness index. The proportion of air bubbles up to 50 microns in size in the experimental samples of ice cream after 3 months of storage decreased by 15 and 25 %, depending on the mass fraction of MSNF, in control samples this indicator changed by 4 and 8 %. The taste of the ice cream Plombir made of goat milk is typical for the products of the similar raw materials. This type of Plombir is possible for the production in order to expand the range of ice cream and goat milk products.
Financial derivatives and the commercial banks performance in UAE
Authors: Owoeye Olumide , Ambashe Mohamud , Singh Pradeep
Published: October 2023

The introduction of derivatives at the financial market of the United Arab Emirate (UAE) is to enhance liquidity and broadens the range of securities. This is because it brings exciting opportunities for investors to diversify their investment in an efficient and cost-effective way. Evidence from previous studies has shown that financial market derivatives help to reduce risk. Even though trading losses produced by unsuitable derivative activity are frequently big enough to create financial problems and even bankruptcy, there is minimal research on how bank profitability and performance are affected. The study examines the determinants of financial derivatives on the performance of commercial banks in UAE and the financial risk exposure between derivatives financial assets and derivatives financial liabilities. The research employs Pecking order theory, panel ARDL and data from 30 commercial banks’ financial statements in 2020 in UAE. The study found that an increase in the level of return on assets will create an increase in traded financial derivatives that will enhance bank performance by a high level of percentage. Stability of the banking sector in UAE is recommended to enhance better performances of commercial banks on financial derivatives in UAE.
Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Jaundice in Lower Assam Districts of North East India
Authors: Sarma Biswajit
Published: October 2023

Jaundice is one of the very common diseases affecting general people of Assam. Traditionally used medicinal plants are found to be very much effective for the treatment of various types of diseases including Jaundice. The common people of Assam are mostly dependent on herbal medicines for the management of jaundice. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the medicinal plants used for the management of jaundice. A field study focused on the uses of herbal plants by the jaundice patients was carried out among the peoples of few lower Assam districts of North Eastern region of India. This article describes various ethnomedicinal plant species used to cure jaundice by the people of Assam. Information on 30 plant species, plant parts used, local name and mode of utilization of the plant parts which are traditionally used against jaundice was recorded. Further investigations are required to explore the biological activity of different active ingredients of traditionally used medicinal plants.
Comparative Characterization of Marketed Antacid Granules
Authors: D. Dandgawal Sakshi , Y. Pagar Rahul , M. Patil Dhananjay
Published: October 2023

Before inhibitors of the proton pump and antagonists of the H2 receptor, the mainstay of therapy was antacids for acid-peptic diseases. In this work different tests for characterization of different brands of antacid granules were carried out. This study set out to compare the quality of five antacid brands. Angle of repose, Bulk density, Tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, Effervescent duration, Preliminary Antacid Test, Acid Neutralizing Capacity, Reheis Test, and Rosette Rice Test were used to compare the antacid granules. In the examination of several antacid granules available in the market, the values of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, carr's index, and hausner's ratio reveal that Brands A, B, and D have good flow property, Brand C has fair property, and Brand E has passable flow property. Brand A has a shorter effervescent time than other brands, while Brand D has a longer one. Because the antacid-acid (HCl) solution's pH for each brand is found to be greater than pH 3.5, all of the brands are considered to be antacids. The acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) test reveals that none of the antacid products meet the US FDA's requirement that they have an acid neutralizing capacity of at least 5 mEq. The Reheis test revealed that Brand B needed more time than other brands to neutralize, but Brand D needed less time. Brand A required less time than other brands to maintain the pH level between 3 and 5, while Brand D required more time, according to the Rosette rice test.
Comparative Analysis of Maceration and Soxhlation for the Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of the Roots of Cassia fistula L.
Authors: Omanakuttan Reshma , G Indira , L S Soorya
Published: October 2023

Cassia fistula L., also known as ‘Golden shower tree’ or ‘Indian laburnum’ of the Fabaceae family, is a common ornamental tree with various medicinal uses. It is a medium or large-sized deciduous tree found in Asian countries, especially in India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, etc. This species has cultural importance as it is the national tree of Thailand and the flower is considered as the state flower of Kerala. Various medicinal activities are identified on basis of traditional knowledge. This research article enlightens the physicochemical characters, comparative successive solvent extraction, and qualitative phytochemical screening of various extracts of Cassia fistula L. roots. The present study aims to compare successive solvent extraction (maceration and soxhlation) for the estimation of yield and qualitative phytochemical screening of extracts obtained through both extractions. Two methods of successive solvent extraction were done, i.e., maceration and soxhlation using solvents of increasing polarity such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. The phytochemical tests were carried out for each extract using standard methods of analysis and these investigations. The yields of extract were calculated as %w/w in all five solvents. Comparison of extraction methods helps to determine which method gives the maximum yield of extraction and preliminary phytochemical studies help to find out the secondary metabolites present in the extracts from both methods and compare the results.
Hordenine - Unapproved Dietary Ingredient
Authors: Goud C. Muralikrishna , Pramodini G. N. , Kamisetti Raja Rajeshwari
Published: October 2023

The present work focuses on providing awareness to the users of dietary supplement containing hordenine an unapproved dietary ingredient causing severe side effects. Hordenine is a new dietary ingredient that hasn’t been submitted to FDA to establish its safety. Hordinine is an ingredient without GRAS status. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently determined hordenine to be a “new dietary ingredient (NDI) for which an NDI notification is required and has not yet been submitted” and not an approved dietary ingredient under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). Therefore, any product containing hordenine is considered “adulterated”. Rapid heart rates and high blood pressure are the side effects of hordenine that are more likely to occur in sensitive sub-populations of people such as pregnant women and consumers with cardiovascular disease. Usage of hordenine should be avoided during surgeries because of its side effects i.e rapid heart rates and high blood pressure. Dietary supplement products containing hordinine are not safe for weight loss and improving athletic performances and should be avoided for consuming.
Cell Organelles: DNA
Authors: R. Kadam Nandakumar , M. Kasar Poonam
Published: October 2023

The cellular components are called cell organelles. These cell organelles include both membrane and non-membrane bound organelles, present within the cells and are distinct in their structures and functions. They coordinate and function efficiently for the normal functioning of the cell. The cellular components are called cell organelles. These cell organelles include both membrane and non-membrane bound organelles, present within the cells and are distinct in their structures and functions. They coordinate and function efficiently for the normal functioning of the cell. A few of them function by providing shape and support, whereas some are involved in the locomotion and reproduction of a cell. There are various organelles present within the cell and are classified into three categories based on the presence or absence of membrane.
Strategic Role of Artificial Intelligence and The Power of Ehrm for Innovative Human Resource Management
Authors: Parimalam. I Priya , Dhanabagiyam S.
Published: October 2023

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, the strategic integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Electronic Human Resource Management (EHRM) has emerged as a significant area of research and practice in the field of human resource management (HRM). This systematic study aims to explore and analyze the strategic role of AI and the power of EHRM in fostering innovative approaches to HRM. The study begins by reviewing the existing literature on AI and EHRM, highlighting their potential benefits and challenges in enhancing HRM practices. It delves into the various strategic roles that AI can play, such as recruitment and selection, performance management, employee engagement, learning and development, and talent analytics. Furthermore, it examines the transformative capabilities of EHRM, including automation of administrative tasks, real-time data analytics, personalized employee experiences, and improved decision-making. The study concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of AI and EHRM in enabling innovative HRM practices. It highlights the importance of strategic alignment, organizational readiness, and continuous learning to fully capitalize on the benefits of these technologies. By embracing AI and leveraging EHRM systems, organizations can optimize HR processes, enhance decision-making, improve employee experiences, and ultimately drive organizational success in the era of digital transformation.
Mediating Effect of Job Resources on Psychological Wellbeing and Employee Engagement- Centric to Public Sector Telecom in Pandemic, India
Authors: Kumar P. Lova , Reddy B. Sreedhar , Das V. Tulasi
Published: October 2023

The current pandemic brought about by COVID-19 has a reason for unexpected disturbance in all human beings. As the nationwide economy and organizations got an extreme blow with this situation, to handle the present pandemic situation Organizations changed employee’s avatar by shifting workforce from office to home. In these new avatar employees, working conditions with limited job resources like Intra/Internet and phone calls may impact engagement levels compared to earlier. Similarly increased working hours, spending more time with office calls at home, and sometimes near-end family emotions may disturb the psychological conditions of employees. So this research focused on employee’s psychological wellbeing and Job resources and its importance in promoting Engagement. In general, for IT employees work from home is a regular practice whereas coming to Telecom employees the scenario is completely different because of the versatile in the job nature so this research focused on the importance of psychological well-being and job resources in promoting Telco’s employee engagement in Indian pandemic time. From the strong support of Theoretical evidence from the Job Demands-Resources model and theory of Conservation resources, Objectives are framed as to identify the Job Resources that mediates the relation between psychological well-being and employee engagement. The study was centric about Public Sector Telecom employees of India of sample 382 for 65,000 Population and a purposive sampling method of sampling technique is used. By distributing a questionnaire with the help of Google forms primary data was collected. Mediation analysis is carried out with the help of AMOS and conformed the Job Recourses fully mediates the relationship between psychological well-being and employee engagement.
An Update on Role of Bile Acids in Neurological Functions and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kaur Kulvinder Kochar , Allahbadia Gautam Nand , Singh Mandeep
Published: October 2023

Having previously reviewed the role of Bile Acids (BAs) in obesity, NAFLD/NASH/HCC and crosstalk of Gut Microbiome in numerous body disorders here we further attempted to assess part of BAs in normal brain physiology and in different Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDD). BAs constitute significant physiological molecules which apart from modulating nutrient absorption as well as metabolism in peripheral tissues influence neuromodulatory actions in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The formation of bile acids takes place basically from cholesterol in the liver by the canonical as well as alternate pathwaysor in the brain started by the neuron particular sterol Cholesterol-24 hydroxylase (CYP46A1) modulated pathway. Circulating BAs possess the capacity of crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and thus gaining entry into the CNS via passive diffusion or through BAs transporters. Brain BAs act in the CNS via activation of membrane or nuclear receptors or influence the working of the neurotransmitter receptors. Indirect signal might be further given to the CNS through the Farsenoid X Receptor (FXR) based Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) pathway or the takeda G Protein Coupled (GPC) bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) based Glucagon Like Peptide 1(GLP) pathway. In case of pathological situations, changes in BAs have been observed to probably aid in the pathogenesis of different neurological diseases. Of greater significance is the supplementationof hydrophilic amidated Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) or Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) have been corroborated to illustrate therapeutic advantagesby hampering the neuroinflammatory reactions, apoptosis, Oxidative Stress (OS), Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial protection or work in the form of probable chaperone for correction of misfolding of proteins in the treatment of different neurological diseases. This yields opportunity of utilization of UDCA along with TUDCA in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases inclusive of Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease, Huntingtons disease, Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis, and prion disease.
Más coincidencias que divergencias: lo ilegal y lo legal en la economía de Loreto
Authors: Chirif Alberto
Published: October 2023

Las diferencias entre la economía legal y la ilegal en Loreto —y en el país entero— son tenues y a veces inexistentes o solo aparentes, no solo porque muchas empresas legales se comportan de manera ilegal, sino porque cometen similares impactos que las no legales, por ejemplo, la contaminación del medioambiente, cuyos impactos se niegan luego a reconocer y, aprovechando de su poder, evaden las multas que a veces les impone el Estado. Las relaciones políticas y económicas están dominadas por la ilegalidad que es tolerada e incluso fomentada desde el Estado, ya que los mismos grupos que realizan actividades ilegales son los que controlan el aparato público. Desde allí se dan normas a su favor o se libera a los infractores de su responsabilidad. La lucha contra la corrupción encuentra una severa oposición por los infractores, que siempre encuentran resquicios legales para salir victoriosos.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS TUNTUNGAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Maria pujiastuti  , Pomarida Simbolon  , Sr. Sri Martini  , Novrianti Purba
Published: October 2023

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major health problem in children under five years of age (toddlers). Mother's knowledge also affects the incidence of ARI in toddlers. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and efforts to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI) in toddlers at the Tuntungan Health Center in 2022. This research method use a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study use a purposive sampling technique with a total of 37 respondents. The instruments used in this study are maternal knowledge instruments and ARI prevention instruments. The results show that the knowledge of the mother is in the good category (73.0%) and the prevention of ARI is good (78.4%). The results of the Chi-square statistical test with p value = 0.001 (p <0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge and efforts to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five at the Tuntungan Health Center 2022. It is hoped that the leadership and staff of the Tuntungan Health Center carry out health education programs about Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) for the community, provide and improve counseling through various health information media on social media that has developed recently.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PARA PIHAK ATAS PERJANJIAN PERIKATAN JUAL BELI HAK ATAS TANAH YANG DI BUAT OLEH NOTARIS (Studi Kasus Di Kantor Notaris/PPAT H. Sarwondo, S.H.)
Authors: Rafel Sutan Normansyah  , Susilowardani  , Fatma Ayu Jati Putri
Published: October 2023

Notaris adalah pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat akta otentik sejauh pembuatan akta otentik tertentu tidak dikhususkan bagi pejabat umum lainnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan pengetahuan yang jelas terkait dengan Kedudukan Akta Notaris dalam pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah dan Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemenuhan hak para pihak apabila salah satu pihak melakukan wanprestasi dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli. Manfaat Penelitian untuk memperoleh pembahasan dari hasil yang sistematis, sehingga sejalan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas, maka yang menjadi titik berat pembahasan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bersangkut paut dengan kedudukan akta Notaris dalam pengikatan jual beli ha katas tanah. Hasil dalam penelitian ini Dengan adanya undang-undang sebagai kepastian hukum yang melindungi nilai-nilai keadilan terutama bagi pihak yang dirugikan dan bisa diterima sebagai ganti kerugian akibat kelalaian salah satu pihak. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemenuhan hak para pihak apabila salah satu pihak melakukan wanprestasi dalan pengikatan jual beli sesuai Pasal 1267 KUHPerdata juga menyebutkan mengenai upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu, dengan memaksakan pihak untuk memenuhi perjanjian atau membatalkan perjanjian disertai dengan biaya ganti rugi.
FENOMENA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DALAM KESUKSESAN TIMNAS SEPAK BOLA MAROKO PADA PIALA DUNIA 2022 DI QATAR
Authors: Rina Raflina
Published: October 2023

The progress of the Morocco national team at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar exceeded the expectations of many parties. Morocco looks amazing big European teams. Morocco's impressive performance since the group stage made them the first representatives from the African continent to reach the semifinals. The presence of parents and families of the Moroccan national team players is one of the keys to every victory for the Moroccan team. The direct presence of the family at the stadium to provide support and prayers is the spirit for the Moroccan team when they compete. Parents work together to support their children in the field. so that the cohesiveness of the Moroccan team is increasingly visible both outside the field and outside the match field. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a literature study approach.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCARIFICATION ON DORMANCY BREAKING OF ROSARY PEA SEEDS (ABRUS PRECATORIUS L.)
Authors: Imam Safir Alwan Nurza
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Seeds are part of the plant containing embryo that grows through the germination process. This process involves metabolism occurs in seeds to produce roots and shoots. However, this metabolic process is inhibited by the environment and genetics of the seeds itself. Thus, the seeds experience dormancy and fail to grow. Dormancy can be broken with help of physical and chemical scarification to accelerate seed germination. The research aim was to determine the physical and chemical scarification seed dormancy breaking in increasing the germination rosary pea seeds (Abrus precatorius L.). The research method used was experimental randomized block design using 4 treatment groups, namely cracked (F1), sanded (F2), and soaked in 50% H2SO4 solution for 15 minutes (K1) and 30 minutes (K2) and the group control with water. The viability germination, germination rate (GER), vigor index (VI), simultaneous growth (SG) normal sprouts on day 6, and growth rate (GOR) were observed for two weeks. The results obtained that immersion in H2SO4 50% solution for 30 minutes and cracking could break the dormancy of rosary pea seeds and increase germination with higher viability of germination, GER, VI, SG, and GOR than immersion in 50% H2SO4 solution for 15 minutes and sanding.
HIGHWAY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE EMERGING SHAPE OF CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors: Qureshy Saima
Published: October 2023

Federal and State highway departments control the production of highway facilities from planning phase to construction and operation. They wield a disproportionately large influence on the comprehensive planning process and on the pattern of decentralisation in the metropolitan areas. Because of this influence, highway departments have been able to purse the narrow objective of accommodating traffic despite attempts by the Congress to redirect transportation goals towards meeting the land-use needs of declining central cities and avoiding the adverse social, economic and environmental impacts of highways. Some of these adverse effects include isolation of central city’s transit-dependent minorities from suburban employment and the creation of a massive dependence on gasoline. The inertia of this limited purpose highway program has been sustained by massive federal funding, a bureaucratically embedded and technologically intimidating planning methodology, and a system of federal planning and impact reviews whose major effect has been to expedite the approval and construction of highway projects. These token reviews and deficient impact analysis reviews have deprived the public and elected officials of vital information about foreseeable adverse effects, and have unreasonably restricted their ability to judge highway proposals or to make decisions concerning the decentralisation of cities.
ADDRESSING INFORMAL PROCESSES FOR THE REHABILITATION OF THE CITY CENTRE Case of Saddar Bazaar, Karachi
Authors: Polack Asiya Sadiq
Published: October 2023

Karachi’s townscape has evolved through a process of responses to the changing needs and priorities of a population influx of the past 300 years. Over centuries, its port’s trading and defence potential has attracted merchants, colonials, feudal lords, intellectuals and political and economic migrants. These migrant groups in turn, have contributed towards the development and degradation of the city and its centre, ‘Saddar Bazaar’. In the past 50 years, due to an immense increase in the size of the population of Karachi and the expansion of its geographical boundaries, several centres have developed, serving their locale. However, the importance of ‘Saddar’ as a cultural and economic centre still remains, as none of the other have been able to develop the required commerce or culture related facilities which could serve the whole city. Saddar lies in the economic hub of the city and serves thousands of vehicles and transit commuters who pass through it. This has lead to the degradation of its facilities and fast disappearance of its cultural spaces. The absence of these in turn, is resulting in alienation amongst communities, ghettoisation of rich and poor areas and a cultural division of the city. This paper attempts to analyse the process of Saddar’s transformation, identifying the inherent processes and agents of change, and gives some suggestions for its future rehabilitation.
PROJECT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION INTERFACE DISSONANCES
Authors: Arain Faisal Manzoor , Assaf Sadi Assaf
Published: October 2023

This article draws upon the study undertaken with an objective to understand the causes of discrepancies at the design and construction interface in large building projects. To achieve the stated objective, a questionnaire survey was carried out by the authors to collect information on the potential causes of discrepancies. Responses of 48 consultants and contractors were analyzed. Results of which, suggested that, lack of coordination, insufficient working drawings and details, involvement of designer as consultant, involvement of contractor as consultant and participants’ wrong beliefs regarding construction and design are the most important causes of discrepancies at the project design and construction interface. On the other hand, project management as a professional service, nationality of the professional firms and involvement of the contractor in design phases were the least important causes of discrepancies at the project design and construction interface in large building projects. Keywords: Discrepancies, Consultants, Contractors, Building Projects, Saudi Arabia
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE SHIFTING RESPONSIBILITIES & APPLICATION OF THE REGULATIONS IN URBAN CONSERVATION PROJECTS - THE CASE OF MARDIN TURKEY
Authors: Aksulu Isik
Published: October 2023

In Turkey, the late 20th century was the period when need was felt for proper legal measures, required in the conservation of cultural and natural entities. It was realized that the conservation of traditional architecture is a fundamental issue as it is in developed countries. This has resulted in setting up policies, organizations and legal arrangements in accordance with our national conditions, to transfer our cultural and natural wealth to coming generations through conserving, revitalizing and renewing them. The law of 1973 marks the beginning of contemporary and scientific conservation activities, which is quite late when compared to European countries. But since that period due to increasing awareness of issues to do with conservation and the renewal of the historic / traditional environment, with the implementation of law 2863 and article about the execution of the Conservation and renewal plans, the Ministry of Culture accelerated the planning process by commissioning the preparation of conservation and renewal plans for traditional urban sites, to be prepared by multi disciplinary teams. Since then about thirty conservation and renewal plans have been realised by the Ministry of Culture. One of these is the Mardin Conservation Plan approved by the relevant regional committee in 1993. This paper discusses the legal and organisational aspects of conservation and the renewal of cultural and natural entities in Turkey, the related responsible bodies and the approaches to the application of building regulations of the Mardin Conservation and Development Plan. Key words: Building Regulations, Shifting Responsibilities, Urban Renewal, Urban Conservation.
CONTRIBUTION OF INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTS IN THE DESIGN OF CAPITOL COMPLEX AT ISLAMABAD
Authors: Rehman Abdul
Published: October 2023

Islamabad is one of the few cities in the world where large number of international architects were hired for the design of the most prestigious public buildings located in close proximity to each other. A clear objective was placed before architects to design buildings keeping in view the grand tradition of architecture. This paper will discuss the contribution of international architects towards the design of buildings in the capitol complex in Islamabad and see to what extent the architects have been successful in achieving the desired objective of an appropriate architecture relevant both with historical and environmental context and imbued with modern technology. Keywords: Islamabad International Architects, Appropriate Architecture
IN SEARCH OF THE ‘TIME-LESS’ IN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Mumtaz Taimoor Khan
Published: October 2023

While the use of geometry as surface decoration in Islamic architecture is evident and well documented, an aspect about which not enough is known and understood is the use of geometry in the design of the buildings themselves. This paper will, therefore, endeavour to focus on the use of geometry in the ordering and design of the architecture – plan, elevation and section. In addition it does so from the point of view of a practising architect attempting to develop ways of employing these methods in contemporary practice, based not only on a knowledge of their traditional use but also their artistic function – which is to create an architecture which reflects something of the ‘time-less’ quality of all great art. This paper consists of an Introduction, briefly outlining the relevance of the study of traditional architecture and what we can learn from it. Part I gives the theoretical and philosophical background to the design principles of Islamic architecture. Part II offers a theoretical model for looking at traditional architecture in terms of a language with a grammar and a vocabulary in the context of which the principles of design and practical methods of geometry are employed. Part III gives a Historical Overview of the connection between Architecture and Geometry. Part IV consists of a presentation of geometric methods used in Islamic Architecture taking Timurid architecture of Iran and Turan as a case-study. In Part V, a Mughal building and a Mastermason’s plan drawing of a mosque are analysed in the light of the methods discussed in the preceding section. In conclusion, in Part VI a contemporary project of a community mosque in Lahore is presented, where some of the methods studied are applied. Keywords: Islamic Architecture, Geometry, Timeless
RE-CONSTRUCTING A PUBLIC HERITAGE BUILDING CASE STUDY: WESTERN WING OF LAHORE HIGH COURT BUILDING, LAHORE
Authors: Shahzad Ghafer
Published: October 2023

Violating the Punjab Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance 1985, Lahore High Court (LHC) authorities demolished an enlisted, protected public building i.e. Western Wing (W.W.) of Lahore High Court (LHC) Lahore in year 2004. The argument for demolition of 90 years old colonial building was based on “The Law of Necessity”1 . To fulfill the immense need of accommodation of eight-number court rooms, LHC Administrative Authorities decided to raze the existing single storey heritage building of W.W. and construct a double storey structure. Architects, Archaeologists and Civil Society representatives launched an aggressive agitation to stop the demolition but authority proclaimed, “LHC building is not a shrine that can not be demolished or re-constructed” (Daily Times, 2004a). Lahorites approached Supreme Court who passed stay order against demolition and directed LHC authorities to re-construct the razed building, following the ditto architectural features in its true spirit and using the similar construction materials. Supreme Court further desired to appoint an experienced Resident Architect for such specialty job of intricate nature. This study reveals the integrated-coordinated efforts of administrative authorities of LHC2 , technical and professional input of Communication & Works Department3 , concern of architectural professional bodies4 and supervisory role of Resident Architect working under government conventional system of execution, having expertise in re-creating the historic building of Colonial period having heritage value. Study also presents a comparison between conventional methodology of execution of a public heritage building as practiced by Communication and Works (C & W) Department, Government of Punjab (GoP), and the integrated-coordinated design approach where Resident Architect and Client Department had played a vital role while working with the Contractor and Engineers of C & W Department. Key Words: Colonial Building, Heritage, Lahore, Architecture, Archaeology, Restoration, Public Building, History, Lahore High Court, Brick Masonry.
EXPLORATION FOR A VIABLE SEQUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PROVISION OF LOW-INCOME HOUSING IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Butt Arif Qayyum
Published: October 2023

Conventionally the formal low-income housing projects follow a sequence that could be broadly classified as planning-servicing-building-occupation (PSBO), following the tracks of a “top-down concept”, which means that all costs and details are worked out and settled in advance, leaving very few choices for the urban poor and no possibility of access for participation by them. While the process may suit the upper income groups, it definitely does not favour the urban poor, thus leading them to opt for “illegal” solutions usually by using the reverse sequence of occupation-building-servicing-planning (OBSP). The present sequence of development (PSBO) adopted for provision of low-income has failed to bring about any significant change. This paper argues that there is a need to re-examine this approach and at the same time presents an alternative approach which is likely to produce better results. Key words: low-income housing; sequence of development; incremental planning
INTELLIGENT ARCHITECTURE: THE WAY TO DESIGN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Authors: Iftikhar Nazia
Published: October 2023

With the enhancement of Informational Revolution, the transformations in our lifestyle demand the space around us to have interaction modalities that support new as well as old communicating ways. Therefore, it becomes a challenge for the designers to blend the informational space with the physical space through technology inspired architecture, which helps to incorporate the design application in the digital as well as real world context. Intelligent Architecture is a new design process that perceives and interacts with the built environment by applying recent advances and implementing new technologies to architectural practice. The concept of Intelligent Architecture started as an interest in the latest integrated building systems and technologies which can communicate and exchange information. The paper is based on the conceptual research done to give the overview of Intelligent Architecture in general, its application in the world of information system with all of its multi-dimensional viewpoints and explore the criteria determining intelligent building technologies. The focus of the paper is to gain an insight phenomenon of Intelligent Architecture and its responsiveness to fulfill the demands of human needs and to understand the technologies through which Intelligent Building systems can be achieved. The selection criteria of case studies are based on the advance technologies which are used to promote the idea of Intelligent Architecture. Keywords: Informational Revolution, Intelligent Architecture, Intelligent Building, Built Environment
Foley catheter for induction of labor after cesarean section
Authors: Said Loai. N. , Atrash Elham A. Al
Published: October 2023

Induction of labor may be necessary in around twenty-five to thirty percent of a woman's subsequent pregnancies when she has already given birth through cesarean section. During our research, the objective had been to ascertain the rate of spontaneous vaginal birth, rate of cesarean section, and rate of complications that followed the induction of labor with transcervical foley catheter in females who had previously had 1 cesarean section. This retrospective cohort trial was performed in the largest city in Palestine at a tertiary teaching hospital. In subsequent pregnancy, pregnant cases with a history of a prior CS delivery (n = 306) underwent labor induction at term with a Foley catheter. Women who underwent labor induction with transcervical foley catheter at Al-Ahli Hospital in Hebron, Palestine. From April 2017 until March 2020. Our research revealed that 46.7 percent of women had spontaneous vaginal births, 14.4 percent had assisted vaginal births, and one woman experienced uterine rupture. The frequency of postpartum hemorrhage is 30 percent, the most prevalent complication. 10 percent and 5 percent of mothers experienced intrapartum and postpartum infections, correspondingly. 5% of newborns had a confirmed infection, and there was one perinatal fatality related to uterine rupture.
El problema del agotamiento de los derechos de propiedad intelectual sobre la distribución de obras en el entorno digital
Authors: Rangel Juan
Published: October 2023

En el presente artículo se pretende reevaluar la implementación del agotamiento de los derechos de propiedad intelectual como limitación del derecho de autor sobre la distribución de obras protegidas en el entorno digital, dada la estimulación de medidas tecnológicas de protección de obras que limitan el uso de ejemplares lo que dificulta la operación de mercados secundarios, generando nuevamente tensiones en la interrelación del derecho de autor y los derechos económicos y al libre acceso a la información y la cultura que habían sido aliviadas con la figura del agotamiento; de igual forma reconsiderar la aplicación del agotamiento a la luz de la jurisprudencia europea y estadounidense y nuevas formas tecnológicas de reproducción y distribución de obras. Palabras clave: derecho de autor, agotamiento, distribución, entorno digital.
Implicaciones de la propiedad intelectual en la investigación astronómica venezolana, la ética y el reconocimiento de derechos morales en los descubrimientos
Authors: Navas Giuliat
Published: October 2023

Los astrónomos tienden a confiar los unos en los otros, siguiendo el método científico con el fin de hacer avanzar a la ciencia. En la astronomía, la IAU (Unión Astronómica Internacional) y el MPC (Minor Planet Center) son los entes responsables a nivel internacional en regular y en denominar todos los cuerpos astronómicos descubiertos, haciendo respetar las reglas y sus nomenclaturas, además en hacer respetar los derechos morales de los astrónomos, otorgándoles el respectivo reconocimiento sobre sus descubrimientos. Cuando los descubrimientos resultan de la investigación y aplicación de un método científico, pudieran cumplir con los requisitos de protección que exige el de Propiedad Intelectual. En este trabajo se expone brevemente en qué consistió la ética astronómica en sus inicios, las reglas actuales para la denominación de descubrimientos y su notificación como nuevo hallazgo astronómico. Así mismo, se hace una revisión sobre las declaraciones de propiedad sobre las observaciones astronómicas en Venezuela y de los resultados obtenidos a través de los telescopios del país, respetando el derecho moral y patrimonial de los astrónomos siguiendo las leyes venezolanas, sobre todo en materia de derecho de autor.
Reflexión sobre criterios de convivencia entre la propiedad intelectual y la cultura libre
Authors: Sumoza Rolando
Published: October 2023

Los criterios de propiedad intelectual y de cultura libre, como categorías asentadas en diferentes movimientos intelectuales, se visualizan como criterios antagónicos que contienen elementos que plantean una exclusión entre sí. El Derecho de Autor como bien se puede extraer de Antequera y Álvarez, Salazar y Padilla, es una corriente que busca la protección del autor de las obras intelectuales en dos ámbitos fundamentales: Los derechos morales y los derechos patrimoniales. Por otro lado, los movimientos de cultura libre, expuestos por autores como Aguilar, y Lessig, aducen que el conocimiento ha sido atrapado en un juego de poder donde un grupo pequeño de personas impone a su conveniencia los lineamientos que sigue la propiedad intelectual, sobre todo en elementos como el Copyright.
Meningite no período pré e durante pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil e em Minas Gerais: situação epidemiológica e repercussões na saúde pública
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Daiane , Neiva Giati Giulia , Silva Pereira Pedro Octávio , Simões Mendes Isabela , Bontempo Mendes Natália , de Jesus Araújo Brenda Lorenna , Rodrigues de Andrade Ronei , Barbosa Soares Brenda Rayra
Published: October 2023

Introdução: A meningite, uma infecção das meninges de etiologia bacteriana ou viral, é uma patologia de significância epidemiológica. Para avaliar seu comportamento, são avaliadas notificações compulsórias registradas, com objetivo de compreender as variáveis causais. Em períodos como a pandemia da Covid-19, no entanto, essa avaliação obtém um novo significado que carece de investigação. Objetivo: Avaliar a situação epidemiológica da meningite nos períodos pré e pós pandemia da Covid-19. Metodologia:Consiste em um estudo ecológico com coleta de dados no TABNET/DATASUS. Fora considerados dados entre 2017-2021, em Minas Gerais e no Brasil, que foram interpretados por estatística simples. Resultados: Foram avaliadas diferenças e semelhanças epidemiológicas da meningite em Minas Gerais e no Brasil. As diferenças foram principalmente a etiologia, sexo predominantemente acometido e padrão de desfechos. Já as diferenças foram faixa etária de maior prevalência e relação altas/óbito. Discussão: A queda de casos, bem como a mudança da faixa etária de acometimento estão diretamente associadas à situação vacinal. Com a instituição da vacina contra a Meningo C em 2018, e a ACWY em 2020, pelo Ministério da Saúde, observou-se quedas correspondentes e gradativas das notificações. A diferença de faixas etárias acometidas é, ainda, justificada pela cobertura de diferentes idades relacionada a cada vacina. Quanto à situação da pandemia da Covid-19, aponta-se que as medidas de distanciamento social, utilização de máscaras e higienização constante das mãos tenham significado medidas que também impactaram na amenização da situação epidemiológica da meningite em Minas Gerais e no Brasil. Conclusão: Reforça-se a efetividade das medidas protetivas contra a meningite, como a vacinação, e as medidas contra a covid-19 que serviram como um fator protetivo para desenvolvimento da meningite, como a higienização das mãos e a o uso de máscaras. Esses são parâmetros que devem ser utilizados para futuras tentativas de amenizar a situação epidemiológica futura.
HISTOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PULP TO BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) GEL COMPARED TO CARBAMID PEROXIDE AS TOOTH WHITENING (IN VIVO)
Authors: Rahaju Asih , Hartman Henri , Kristiana Ris , Putri Tiara
Published: October 2023

A teeth whitening procedure is an action to get naturally bright teeth color. The teeth whitening process often has side effects on the tooth structure and its surroundings. Teeth whitening ingredients generally contain carbamide peroxide. One of the natural ingredients that can whiten teeth is Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. This study aimed to determine the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi L. gel and carbamide peroxide on the histological response of the pulp. The research method was carried out by processing Averrhoa bilimbi Linn into extracts through the maceration method and then making a gel with a concentration of 50%. The study was conducted on 27 rabbit incisors and divided into three groups (negative control group, 10% carbamide peroxide, and 50% Averrhoa bilimbi L. gel). Each group was exposed for 4 hours for 14 days, then the teeth were extracted, and the pulp was taken with K-file number 10-40 and continued to look at the histological picture. The data was processed using a one-way ANOVA statistical test; the statistical test results showed significant differences for the three groups with a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that there is an effect of 50% Averrhoa bilimbi L. gel on the histological response of the pulp, there is an effect of 10% carbamide peroxide on the histological response of the pulp, and there is a significant difference between 10% carbamide peroxide and 50% Averrhoa bilimbi L. gel.