bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Pillars and Tubes Fabricated by Using Fish Dentine as a Molding Template
Authors: Li Weiqun , Liu Xiaowei , Lu Yang , Yao Haimin
Published: August 2014

Biomaterials in nature exhibit delicate structures that are greatly beyond the capability of the current manufacturing techniques. Duplicating these structures and applying them in engineering may help enhance the performance of traditional functional materials and structures. Inspired by gecko’s hierarchical micro- and nano-fibrillar structures for adhesion, in this work we fabricated micro-pillars and tubes by adopting the tubular dentine of black carp fish teeth as molding template. The adhesion performances of the fabricated micro-pillars and tubes were characterized and compared. It was found that the pull-off force of a single pillar was about twice of that of the tube with comparable size. Such unexpected discrepancy in adhesion was analyzed based on the contact mechanics theories.
The DNA Repair Enzyme Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease (Apex Nuclease) 2 Has the Potential to Protect against Down-Regulation of Chondrocyte Activity in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yui Naoko , Yoshioka Hirotaka , Fujiya Hiroto , Musha Haruki , Beppu Moroe , Karasawa Rie , Yudoh Kazuo
Published: August 2014

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (Apex 2) plays a critical role in DNA repair caused by oxidative damage in a variety of human somatic cells. We speculated that chondrocyte Apex 2 may protect against the catabolic process of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Higher levels of Apex 2 expression were histologically observed in severely compared with mildly degenerated OA cartilage from STR/OrtCrlj mice, an experimental model which spontaneously develops OA. The immunopositivity of Apex 2 was significantly correlated with the degree of cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the OA-related catabolic factor interleukin-1β induced the expression of Apex 2 in chondrocytes, while Apex 2 silencing using small interfering RNA reduced chondrocyte activity in vitro. The expression of Apex 2 in chondrocytes therefore appears to be associated with the degeneration of articular cartilage and could be induced by an OA-related catabolic factor to protect against the catabolic process of articular cartilage. Our findings suggest that Apex 2 may have the potential to prevent the catabolic stress-mediated down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in OA.
Polymer-Immobilized Photosensitizers for Continuous Eradication of Bacteria
Authors: Valkov Anton , Nakonechny Faina , Nisnevitch Marina
Published: August 2014

The photosensitizers Rose Bengal (RB) and methylene blue (MB), when immobilized in polystyrene, were found to exhibit high antibacterial activity in a continuous regime. The photosensitizers were immobilized by dissolution in chloroform, together with polystyrene, with further evaporation of the solvent, yielding thin polymeric films. Shallow reservoirs, bottom-covered with these films, were used for constructing continuous-flow photoreactors for the eradication of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and wastewater bacteria under illumination with visible white light using a luminescent lamp at a 1.8 mW·cm−2 fluence rate. The bacterial concentration decreased by two to five orders of magnitude in separate reactors with either immobilized RB or MB, as well as in three reactors connected in series, which contained one of the photosensitizers. Bacterial eradication reached more than five orders of magnitude in two reactors connected in series, where the first reactor contained immobilized RB and the second contained immobilized MB.
Novel Strategy for Non-Targeted Isotope-Assisted Metabolomics by Means of Metabolic Turnover and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Nakayama Yasumune , Tamada Yoshihiro , Tsugawa Hiroshi , Bamba Takeshi , Fukusaki Eiichiro
Published: August 2014

Isotope-labeling is a useful technique for understanding cellular metabolism. Recent advances in metabolomics have extended the capability of isotope-assisted studies to reveal global metabolism. For instance, isotope-assisted metabolomics technology has enabled the mapping of a global metabolic network, estimation of flux at branch points of metabolic pathways, and assignment of elemental formulas to unknown metabolites. Furthermore, some data processing tools have been developed to apply these techniques to a non-targeted approach, which plays an important role in revealing unknown or unexpected metabolism. However, data collection and integration strategies for non-targeted isotope-assisted metabolomics have not been established. Therefore, a systematic approach is proposed to elucidate metabolic dynamics without targeting pathways by means of time-resolved isotope tracking, i.e., “metabolic turnover analysis”, as well as multivariate analysis. We applied this approach to study the metabolic dynamics in amino acid perturbation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In metabolic turnover analysis, 69 peaks including 35 unidentified peaks were investigated. Multivariate analysis of metabolic turnover successfully detected a pathway known to be inhibited by amino acid perturbation. In addition, our strategy enabled identification of unknown peaks putatively related to the perturbation.
GA3 and Other Signal Regulators (MeJA and IAA) Improve Xanthumin Biosynthesis in Different Manners in Xanthium strumarium L.
Authors: Li Changfu , Chen Fangfang , Zhang Yansheng
Published: August 2014

Xanthanolides from Xanthium strumarium L. exhibit various pharmacological activities and these compounds are mainly produced in the glandular trichomes of aerial plant parts. The regulation of xanthanolide biosynthesis has never been reported in the literature. In this study, the effects of phytohormonal stimulation on xanthumin (a xanthanolide compound) biosynthesis, glandular trichomes and germacrene A synthase (GAS) gene expression in X. strumarium L. young leaves were investigated. The exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberrellin A3 (GA3) at appropriate concentrations were all found to improve xanthumin biosynthesis, but in different ways. It was suggested that a higher gland density stimulated by MeJA (400 µM) or IAA (200 µM) treatment caused at least in part an improvement in xanthumin production, whereas GA3 (10 µM) led to an improvement by up-regulating xanthumin biosynthetic genes within gland cells, not by forming more glandular trichomes. Compared to the plants before the flowering stage, plants that had initiated flowering showed enhanced xanthumin biosynthesis, but no higher gland density, an effect was similar to that caused by exogenous GA3 treatment.
Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Melanogenesis of B16 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Li Hao-Rong , Habasi Maidina , Xie Lian-Zhen , Aisa Haji
Published: August 2014

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the ester formed between caffeic acid and l-quinic acid, is a widespread phenolic compound. It is part of the human diet, found in foods such as coffee, apples, pears, etc. CGA is also was widely used in cosmetics, but the effects of CGA on melanogenesis are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of CGA on cell proliferation, melanin content and tyrosinase of B16 murine melanoma cells. Additionally, the enzymatic reactions of CGA in B16 melanoma cells lytic solution were detected by UV spectrophotometry. Results showed CGA at 30 and 60 μM significantly suppresses cell proliferation. 8-MOP at 100 μM significantly promotes cell proliferation, but CGA can counter this. Incubated for 24 h, CGA (500 μM) improves melanogenesis while suppressing tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) co-incubated B16 melanoma cells. After 12 h, B16 melanoma cell treatment with CGA leads to an increase in melanin accumulation, however, after 48 h there is a decrease in melanin production which correlates broadly with a decrease in tyrosinase activity. CGA incubated with lytic solution 24 h turned brown at 37 °C. The formation of new products (with a maximum absorption at 295 nm) is associated with reduction of CGA (maximum absorption at 326 nm). Therefore, CGA has its two sidesroles in melanogenesis of B16 melanoma cells. CGA is a likely a substrate of melanin, but the metabolic product(s) of CGA may suppress melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity.
Chemistry of Phosphorylated Formaldehyde Derivatives. Part I
Authors: Morgalyuk Vasily
Published: August 2014

The underinvestigated derivatives of unstable phosphorylated formaldehyde acetals and some of the structurally related compounds, such as thioacetals, aminonitriles, aminomethylphosphinoyl compounds, are considered. Separately considered are halogen aminals of phosphorylated formaldehyde, acetals of phosphorylated formaldehyde of H-phosphinate-type and a phosphorylated gem-diol of formaldehyde. Synthetic methods, chemical properties and examples of practical applications are given.
Nanoscale Lithography Mediated by Surface Self-Assembly of 16-[3,5-Bis(Mercaptomethyl)phenoxy]hexadecanoic Acid on Au(111) Investigated by Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Zhai Xianglin , Lee Han , Tian Tian , Lee T. , Garno Jayne
Published: August 2014

The solution-phase self-assembly of bidentate 16-[3,5-bis(mercapto-methyl)phenoxy]hexadecanoic acid (BMPHA) on Au(111) was studied using nano-fabrication protocols with scanning probe nanolithography and immersion particle lithography. Molecularly thin films of BMPHA prepared by surface self-assembly have potential application as spatially selective layers in sensor designs. Either monolayer or bilayer films of BMPHA can be formed under ambient conditions, depending on the parameters of concentration and immersion intervals. Experiments with scanning probe-based lithography (nanoshaving and nanografting) were applied to measure the thickness of BMPHA films. The thickness of a monolayer and bilayer film of BMPHA on Au(111) were measured in situ with atomic force microscopy using n-octadecanethiol as an internal reference. Scanning probe-based nanofabrication provides a way to insert nanopatterns of a reference molecule of known dimensions within a matrix film of unknown thickness to enable a direct comparison of heights and surface morphology. Immersion particle lithography was used to prepare a periodic arrangement of nanoholes within films of BMPHA. The nanoholes could be backfilled by immersion in a SAM solution to produce nanodots of n-octadecanethiol surrounded by a film of BMPHA. Test platforms prepared by immersion particle lithography enables control of the dimensions of surface sites to construct supramolecular assemblies.
Structures of New Phenolics Isolated from Licorice, and the Effectiveness of Licorice Phenolics on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Authors: Eerdunbayaer  , Orabi Mohamed , Aoyama Hiroe , Kuroda Teruo , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: August 2014

Licorice, which is the underground part of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used widely in Asian and Western countries as a traditional medicine and as a food additive. Our continuous investigation on the constituents of roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza uralensis led to the isolation of two new phenolics, in addition to 14 known compounds. Structural studies including spectroscopic and simple chemical derivatizations revealed that both of the new compounds had 2-aryl-3-methylbenzofuran structures. An examination of the effectiveness of licorice phenolics obtained in this study on vancomycin-resistant strains Enterococcus faecium FN-1 and Enterococcus faecalis NCTC12201 revealed that licoricidin showed the most potent antibacterial effects against both of E. faecalis and E. faecium with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.9 × 10−5 M. 8-(γ,γ-Dimethylallyl)-wighteone, isoangustone A, 3'-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)-kievitone, glyasperin C, and one of the new 3-methyl-2-phenylbenzofuran named neoglycybenzofuran also showed potent anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococci effects (MIC 1.9 × 10−5–4.5 × 10−5 M for E. faecium and E. faecalis). The HPLC condition for simultaneous detection of the phenolics in the extract was investigated to assess the quality control of the natural antibacterial resource, and quantitative estimation of several major phenolics in the extract with the established HPLC condition was also performed. The results showed individual contents of 0.08%–0.57% w/w of EtOAc extract for the major phenolics in the materials examined.
Effects of P-Glycoprotein and Its Inhibitors on Apoptosis in K562 Cells
Authors: Zu Yaqiong , Yang Zhiyong , Tang Songshan , Han Ying , Ma Jun
Published: August 2014

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a major factor in multidrug resistance (MDR) which is a serious obstacle in chemotherapy. P-gp has also been implicated in causing apoptosis of tumor cells, which was shown to be another important mechanism of MDR recently. To study the influence of P-gp in tumor cell apoptosis, K562/A cells (P-gp+) and K562/S cells (P-gp−) were subjected to doxorubicin (Dox), serum withdrawal, or independent co-incubation with multiple P-gp inhibitors, including valspodar (PSC833), verapamil (Ver) and H108 to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis was simultaneously detected by apoptotic rate, cell cycle by flow cytometry and cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (caspase 3) activity by immunoassay. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by PSC833 were evaluated through an MTT method and apoptosis rate, and cell cycle combined with caspase 3 activity, respectively. The results show that K562/A cells are more resistant to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest than K562/S cells after treatment with Dox or serum deprivation. The apoptosis of K562/A cells increased after co-incubation with each of the inhibitors of P-gp. P-gp inhibitors also enhanced cell cycle arrest in K562/A cell. PSC833 most strikingly decreased viability and led to apoptosis and S phase arrest of cell cycle in K562/A cells. Our study demonstrates that P-gp inhibits the apoptosis of tumor cells in addition to participating in the efflux of intracellular chemotherapy drugs. The results of the caspase 3 activity assay also suggest that the role of P-gp in apoptosis avoidance is caspase-related.
Vacuolar Sorting Receptor-Mediated Trafficking of Soluble Vacuolar Proteins in Plant Cells
Authors: Kang Hyangju , Hwang Inhwan
Published: August 2014

Vacuoles are one of the most prominent organelles in plant cells, and they play various important roles, such as degradation of waste materials, storage of ions and metabolites, and maintaining turgor. During the past two decades, numerous advances have been made in understanding how proteins are specifically delivered to the vacuole. One of the most crucial steps in this process is specific sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins. Vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs), which are type I membrane proteins, are involved in the sorting and packaging of soluble vacuolar proteins into transport vesicles with the help of various accessory proteins. To date, large amounts of data have led to the development of two different models describing VSR-mediated vacuolar trafficking that are radically different in multiple ways, particularly regarding the location of cargo binding to, and release from, the VSR and the types of carriers utilized. In this review, we summarize current literature aimed at elucidating VSR-mediated vacuolar trafficking and compare the two models with respect to the sorting signals of vacuolar proteins, as well as the molecular machinery involved in VSR-mediated vacuolar trafficking and its action mechanisms.
MIMIC: An Innovative Methodology for Determining Mobile Laser Scanning System Point Density
Authors: Cahalane Conor , McElhinney Conor , Lewis Paul , McCarthy Timothy
Published: August 2014

Understanding how various Mobile Mapping System (MMS) laser hardware configurations and operating parameters exercise different influence on point density is important for assessing system performance, which in turn facilitates system design and MMS benchmarking. Point density also influences data processing, as objects that can be recognised using automated algorithms generally require a minimum point density. Although obtaining the necessary point density impacts on hardware costs, survey time and data storage requirements, a method for accurately and rapidly assessing MMS performance is lacking for generic MMSs. We have developed a method for quantifying point clouds collected by an MMS with respect to known objects at specified distances using 3D surface normals, 2D geometric formulae and line drawing algorithms. These algorithms were combined in a system called the Mobile Mapping Point Density Calculator (MIMIC) and were validated using point clouds captured by both a single scanner and a dual scanner MMS. Results from MIMIC were promising: when considering the number of scan profiles striking the target, the average error equated to less than 1 point per scan profile. These tests highlight that MIMIC is capable of accurately calculating point density for both single and dual scanner MMSs.
Hand-Writing Motion Tracking with Vision-Inertial Sensor Fusion: Calibration and Error Correction
Authors: Zhou Shengli , Fei Fei , Zhang Guanglie , Liu Yunhui , Li Wen
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of real-time ego-motion tracking through inertial sensor and vision sensor fusion. Due to low sampling rates supported by web-based vision sensor and accumulation of errors in inertial sensors, ego-motion tracking with vision sensors is commonly afflicted by slow updating rates, while motion tracking with inertial sensor suffers from rapid deterioration in accuracy with time. This paper starts with a discussion of developed algorithms for calibrating two relative rotations of the system using only one reference image. Next, stochastic noises associated with the inertial sensor are identified using Allan Variance analysis, and modeled according to their characteristics. Finally, the proposed models are incorporated into an extended Kalman filter for inertial sensor and vision sensor fusion. Compared with results from conventional sensor fusion models, we have shown that ego-motion tracking can be greatly enhanced using the proposed error correction model.
Design Low Crosstalk Ring-Slot Array Structure for Label-Free Multiplexed Sensing
Authors: Huang Lijun , Tian Huiping , Zhou Jian , Ji Yuefeng
Published: August 2014

We theoretically demonstrate a low crosstalk ring-slot array structure used for label-free multiplexed sensing. The proposed sensors array is based on an array of three ring-slot and input/output line defect coupling waveguides. Each ring-slot cavity has slightly different cavity spacing and different resonant frequency. Results obtained using two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) simulation indicate that the resonant frequencies of each sensor unit in response to the refractive index variations are independent. The refractive index sensitivity is 134 ~ 145.5 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and the Q factors more than 104 can be achieved. The calculated detect limit lower than 1.13 × 10−4 RIU is obtained. In addition, an extremely small crosstalk lower than −25.8 dB is achieved among the array of three ring-slot cavities. The results demonstrate that this multiplexed sensor array is a promising platform for integrated optical devices and enables highly parallel label-free detection.
Investigation of Matlab® as Platform in Navigation and Control of an Automatic Guided Vehicle Utilising an Omnivision Sensor
Authors: Kotze Ben , Jordaan Gerrit
Published: August 2014

Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are navigated utilising multiple types of sensors for detecting the environment. In this investigation such sensors are replaced and/or minimized by the use of a single omnidirectional camera picture stream. An area of interest is extracted, and by using image processing the vehicle is navigated on a set path. Reconfigurability is added to the route layout by signs incorporated in the navigation process. The result is the possible manipulation of a number of AGVs, each on its own designated colour-signed path. This route is reconfigurable by the operator with no programming alteration or intervention. A low resolution camera and a Matlab® software development platform are utilised. The use of Matlab® lends itself to speedy evaluation and implementation of image processing options on the AGV, but its functioning in such an environment needs to be assessed.
An Immunosensor Based on Antibody Binding Fragments Attached to Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Peptides Derived from Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin H5
Authors: Jarocka Urszula , Sawicka Róża , Góra-Sochacka Anna , Sirko Agnieszka , Zagórski-Ostoja Włodzimierz , Radecki Jerzy , Radecka Hanna
Published: August 2014

This paper concerns the development of an immunosensor for detection of peptides derived from avian influenza hemagglutinin H5. Its preparation consists of successive gold electrode modification steps: (i) modification with 1,6-hexanedithiol and gold colloidal nanoparticles; (ii) immobilization of antibody-binding fragments (Fab’) of anti-hemagglutinin H5 monoclonal antibodies Mab 6-9-1 via S-Au covalent bonds; and (iii) covering the remaining free space on the electrode surfaces with bovine serum albumin. The interactions between Fab’ fragments and hemagglutinin (HA) variants have been explored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as an electroactive marker. The immunosensor was able to recognize three different His-tagged variants of recombinant hemagglutinin from H5N1 viruses: H1 subunit (17–340 residues) of A/swan/Poland/305-135V08/2006, the long HA (17–530 residues) A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/12/2005 and H1 subunit (1–345 residues) of A/Vietnam/1194/2004. The strongest response has been observed for the long variant with detection limit of 2.2 pg/mL and dynamic range from 4.0 to 20.0 pg/mL.
An In-Line Photonic Biosensor for Monitoring of Glucose Concentrations
Authors: Al-Halhouli Ala'aldeen , Demming Stefanie , Alahmad Laila , LIobera Andreu , Büttgenbach Stephanus
Published: August 2014

This paper presents two PDMS photonic biosensor designs that can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose concentrations. The first design, the internally immobilized sensor, consists of a reactor chamber, micro-lenses and self-alignment structures for fiber optics positioning. This sensor design allows optical detection of glucose concentrations under continuous glucose flow conditions of 33 µL/h based on internal co-immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the internal PDMS surface of the reactor chamber. For this design, two co-immobilization methods, the simple adsorption and the covalent binding (PEG) methods were tested. Experiments showed successful results when using the covalent binding (PEG) method, where glucose concentrations up to 5 mM with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 and a limit of detection of 0.26 mM are detectable. The second design is a modified version of the internally immobilized sensor, where a microbead chamber and a beads filling channel are integrated into the sensor. This modification enabled external co-immobilization of enzymes covalently onto functionalized silica microbeads and allows binding a huge amount of HRP and GOX enzymes on the microbeads surfaces which increases the interaction area between immobilized enzymes and the analyte. This has a positive effect on the amount and rate of chemical reactions taking place inside the chamber. The sensor was tested under continuous glucose flow conditions and was found to be able to detect glucose concentrations up to 10 mM with R2 of 0.98 and a limit of detection of 0.7 mM. Such results are very promising for the application in photonic LOC systems used for online analysis.
Reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Dâmaso Antônio , Rosa Nelson , Maciel Paulo
Published: August 2014

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes with limited processing, storage, and battery capabilities. There are several strategies to reduce the power consumption of WSN nodes (by increasing the network lifetime) and increase the reliability of the network (by improving the WSN Quality of Service). However, there is an inherent conflict between power consumption and reliability: an increase in reliability usually leads to an increase in power consumption. For example, routing algorithms can send the same packet though different paths (multipath strategy), which it is important for reliability, but they significantly increase the WSN power consumption. In this context, this paper proposes a model for evaluating the reliability of WSNs considering the battery level as a key factor. Moreover, this model is based on routing algorithms used by WSNs. In order to evaluate the proposed models, three scenarios were considered to show the impact of the power consumption on the reliability of WSNs.
An Electron Beam Profile Instrument Based on FBGs
Authors: Sporea Dan , Stăncălie Andrei , Becherescu Nicu , Becker Martin , Rothhardt Manfred
Published: August 2014

Along with the dose rate and the total irradiation dose measurements, the knowledge of the beam localization and the beam profile/energy distribution in the beam are parameters of interest for charged particle accelerator installations when they are used in scientific investigations, industrial applications or medical treatments. The transverse profile of the beam, its position, its centroid location, and its focus or flatness depend on the instrument operating conditions or on the beam exit setup. Proof-of-concept of a new type of charged particle beam diagnostics based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) was demonstrated. Its operating principle relies on the measurement of the peak wavelength changes for an array of FBG sensors as function of the temperature following the exposure to an electron beam. Periodically, the sensor irradiation is stopped and the FBG are force cooled to a reference temperature with which the temperature influencing each sensor during beam exposure is compared. Commercially available FBGs, and FBGs written in radiation resistant optical fibers, were tested under electron beam irradiation in order to study their possible use in this application.
Effects of apomixis and polyploidy on diversification and geographic distribution inAmelanchier(Rosaceae)
Authors: Burgess Michael B. , Cushman Kevin R. , Doucette Eric T. , Talent Nadia , Frye Christopher T. , Campbell Christopher S.
Published: August 2014

•Premise of the study: Amelanchierpolyploid apomicts differ from sexual diploids in their more complex diversification, greater species problems, and geographic distribution. To understand these differences, we investigated the occurrence of polyploidy and frequency of apomixis. This research helps clarify species delimitation in an evolutionarily complex genus.

•Methods:We used flow cytometry to estimate genome size of 1355 plants. We estimated the frequency of apomixis from flow‐cytometrically determined ploidy levels of embryo and endosperm and from a progeny study using RAPD markers. We explored relationships of triploids to other ploidy levels and of ploidy levels to latitude plus elevation.

•Key results:Diploids (32% of sample) and tetraploids (62%) were widespread. Triploids (6%) mostly occurred in small numbers with diploids from two or more species or with diploids and tetraploids. Seeds from diploids were 2% apomictic, the first report of apomixis inAmelanchierdiploids. Seeds from triploids were 75% apomictic. We documented potential triploid bridge and triploid block from unbalanced endosperm and low pollen viability. Seeds from tetraploids were 97% apomictic, and tetraploids often formed microspecies. We did not find strong evidence for geographical parthenogenesis in North AmericanAmelanchier. Most currently recognized species contained multiple ploidy levels that were morphologically semicryptic.

•Conclusions:Documentation of numerous transitions from diploidy to polyploidy helps clarify diversification, geographic distribution, and the species problem inAmelanchier. Despite the infrequent occurrence of triploids, their retention of 25% sexuality and capacity for triploid bridge may be important steps between sexual diploids and predominantly apomictic tetraploids.
Research Recognition, the First Step to Research Literacy
Authors: Bowman Katherine G.
Published: August 2014

Nurses are expected to use research as a form of evidence to support clinical practice. When selecting articles, some nurses may be unable to recognize the articles that report research. Research recognition is essential before study results may be used as evidence and translated into practice. The purpose of this article is to describe a typical research article, outline the major types of research, and identify the unique characteristics of research that may be used to recognize those articles that report research.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(9):409–415.
Risk of Aspiration in Care Home Residents and Associated Factors
Authors: van der Maarel-Wierink Claar D. , van der Putten Gert-Jan , De Visschere Luc M.J. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , de Baat Cees , Schols Jos M.G.A.
Published: August 2014

Pneumonia is a prevalent cause of death in care home residents. Dysphagia is a significant risk factor of aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of the current study was to screen for risk of aspiration in care home residents in the Netherlands and assess potential risk factors of aspiration. Five experienced speech-language therapists assessed 203 care home residents (115 primarily physically disabled, 88 primarily cognitively impaired) 60 and older in the first week after admission to a care home. In 43 (21.2%) residents, speech-language therapists assessed risk of aspiration and found no significant difference between physically disabled (26.1%) and cognitively impaired (14.8%) residents. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the final prediction model for risk of aspiration showed Parkinson’s disease as a significant factor (odds ratio = 5.11; 95% confidence interval [1.49, 17.52]) . The authors therefore conclude that risk of aspiration is a relevant care problem among Dutch care home residents and requires further assessment. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(2), 26–31.]
Uveal Melanoma Gene Expression Profile Test Result Provided for Uveal Metastasis
Authors: Seider Michael I. , Stewart Paul J. , Mishra Kavita K. , Damato Bertil E.
Published: August 2014

The DecisionDx-UM gene expression profiling test is an accurate, popular, and technically simple method for obtaining prognostic information from uveal melanoma tissue. However, this test does not provide diagnostic information and may errantly provide prognostication results for lesions other than uveal melanoma. A 73-year-old woman presented with a uveal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma, which was misdiagnosed as uveal melanoma. DecisionDx-UM gene expression profiling was performed on tissue obtained from a needle biopsy. A test result was provided regarding the lesion’s metastatic potential even though it was not a uveal melanoma.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:441–442.]
Epiretinal Membrane Peeling After Uncomplicated Primary Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Banker Tanuj P. , Godfrey Kyle W. , Reilly Gayatri S. , Weichel Eric D.
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To identify rates and potential risk factors for epiretinal membrane (ERM) and for membrane peel (MP) after 23- or 25-gauge repair and to compare outcomes for eyes with ERM that underwent MP versus observation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Review of 587 eyes with ERM after retinal detachment repair. Patients who developed ERM either underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and MP or were observed.

RESULTS:

Preoperatively, the PPV and MP group had a mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100, compared to 20/40 for the observation group (
P
< .001). The PPV and MP group had a higher mean central subfield mean thickness (CSMT) (414 µm vs 281 µm). In the PPV and MP group, mean BCVA was 20/100 preoperatively and 20/50 postoperatively (
P
< .01). Mean CSMT was 397.5 µm preoperatively and 282.6 µm postoperatively (
P
< .01).

CONCLUSION:

ERM is common after 23- or 25-gauge PPV. PPV and MP can improve BCVA and decrease CSMT.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:415–420.]
Mecenas y Fortuna del pintor Antonio de Pereda
Authors: Aterido Fernández Ángel
Published: August 2014

No disponible
Arqueta flamenca de los Cinco Sentidos en Alcalá de Henares
Authors: Estella Margarita M.
Published: August 2014

No disponible
El franciscanismo en la Castilla del siglo XIII. Una aproximación bibliográfica
Authors: Revilla García Fidel
Published: August 2014

[fr] L'apparition de l'Ordre Franciscain dans le Royaume de Castille se réalisera par l'intermédiaire de Francisco de Asis lui-même. Un novel ordre religieux qui, grâce à la mendicité, se développera et exercera son rôle de guide spirituel de la société sous la protection des centres urbains.
Avec cet article, ce que l'on veut presenter c'est una approche bibliographique de l’Ordre Franciscain médiéval de Castille qui nous servira comme un guide à affronter l'étude de la présence franciscaine dans le Royaume de Castille au cours de son premier siècle de gestation.
Avec cet essaie, on tente de donner une bibliographie le plus actuel possible qui mette en vidence les différents champs thématiques dans lesquels l'Ordre des Frères Mineurs sera present. Cela permettra de mettre en évidence une relation bibliographique qui aborde tout ce qui concerne la mise en oeuvre de l'ordre franciscain en Castille, la création de provences, de monastaires et de convents, le cadre cultural et artistique, la spiritualité, les personnages franciscains les plus représentatifs et sa relation avec les groupes dirigeants, etc.
En définitive, il s'agit de réaliser une compilation bibliographique qui nous guide sur le dur chemin de la recherche franciscaine de Castille délimitée comme cela fut affirmé par le "siècle des Frères".
La première intervention européenne dans l'exploitation du corail maghrébin: les Catalans et les Siciliens à Tabarka (1446-1448)
Authors: Gourdin Philippe
Published: August 2014

[fr] En 1446, le souverain hafside Othman cède l'exploitation du corail de son royaume à un Catalan vivant à Tunis. Rafaël Vives, qui fait venir à Tabarka des corailleurs venant de Sicile et de Sardaigne, en majorité des Catalans expatriés. Cette exploitation qui ne dure que quelques années est Tune des dernières manifestations du dynamisme catalan en Méditerranée occidentale, contré par l'expansion génoise à partir du milieu du XVᵉ siècle. Pour le royaume hafside, cette première intervention marque le début de l'emprise définitive des Européens (Catalans, puis Génois et Provençaux) dans l'exploitation corail maghrébin, qui se prolongera jusqu'à la période contemporaine malgré des traditions locales fort anciennes.
L'administració de la Comanda Hospitalera de Barberà: un llibre de comptes de 1410-1411
Authors: Feliu Gaspar
Published: August 2014

[fr] L'étude d'un mince livre de comptes de la commanderie de Barbera, appartenant à l'Ordre Militaire de l'Hôpital de Jérusalem permet de connaître un peu plus sur le revenu seigneurial, le cours des travails de l'année agricole, les habitudes alimentaires et diverses genres de prices et salaires. Quoique la reconstruction des donnée exige beaucoup de déductions, on semble que l'exploitation directe par les seigneurs n'était pas très rentable s'il l'était en tout cas; mais elle aidait au maintien du revenu téodal et du revenu de la terre, ce qu'était bien plus important.
En torno a la filiación disciplinaria de la Orden Militar de Alcántara (siglos XII-XIII)
Authors: De Ayala Martínez Carlos
Published: August 2014

[fr] La filiation disciplinaire de l'ordre d'Alcantara a constitué traditionnellement dans l'historiographie un problème difficile abordé, tant dans son origine que dans son évolution initiale, selon des points de vue partials et partiaux. Les sources documentaires, très rares, ne permettent pas aujourd'hui d'élaborer de conclusions très precises, mais une lecture, faite à partir d'une interptétation qui souligne les aspects politiques déterminant les faits, semble pouvoir contribuer dans une certaine mesure à clarifier le problème.
El libro, instrumento de cultura y objeto económico. Pere sa Sala, escribano real (siglo XV)
Authors: Hernando Josep
Published: August 2014

[fr] Pere sa Sala (✝1480), écrivain du roi et citoyen de Barcelone, rappelle dans un mémorial inséré dans son testament, quels livres, que ont des autres, sont de sa propriété, et quels livres, qui sont dans sa bibliothèque, appartiennent à des autres. Ceci nous permet voir quelque chose de l’excellente bibliothèque de l'écrivain Pere sa Sala. En outre, Pere sa Sala copia des livres, accepta des livres en gage, changea des livres. Le livre était pour lui un instrument de culture et un objet économique.
Intereses valencianos a través de las relaciones epistolares con Alicante durante el trescientos: Un intento de sistematización
Authors: Hinojosa Montalvo José
Published: August 2014

[fr] Valence, capitale du royaume, maintenut à la tin du XIVème siècle une intense correspondence avec les villes et lieux alicantines par raisons très variées, entre elles les sociales: violence contre les juifs et musulmans en 1391, luttes nobiliaires, etc. Mais, surtout furent les affaires économiques ceux qui ont preocupé le plus aux autorités de Valence: approvisionnement de grains dès Orihuela et le marquisat de Villena, et les litiges éleveurs.
El retrato femenino en la poesía medieval castellana. Cánones retóricos y rasgos poéticos
Authors: Manero Sorolla María Pilar
Published: August 2014

[fr] Le développement des règles rhétoriques anciennes, comme celles de Cicerón, Horace, Quintilien ou Priscien dans la poétique médiévale (Vendomôme, Vinsauf, Garlande), fixèrent les théories du portrait littéraire au Moyen Âge dans des lois canoniques très strictes. En ce qui concerne le portrait féminin, on commençait par faire des éloges à Dieu ou à la Nature, auterieurs de la beauté de la femme, pour, décrire et énumerer, par la suite, les parties du corps féminin dans un sens descendent...car la Nature, suivant l'autorité divine, modela le corps de la femme de la tête aux pieds. Et l'article montre comme dans la Littérature médiévale espagnole les portraits de la reine Talectrix du Libro de Alexandre, celui de l'éloge de la Razón de amor, celui de Maria Egipciaca... comme celui de la "dueña" du Libro del buen amor et les différents portraits des "serranillas" du Marquis de Santillana jusqu'à la description de Melibea de La Celestina de Fernando de Rojas suivent le canon cultivé des rhétoriques et poétiques latines du Moyen Âge. Mais les variantes textuelles d'origine itlienne introduites par ces derniers approchent le portrait féminin médiéval du monde de la Renaissance, dans un contexte littéraire plus large et moins cultivé (Cancioneros y Romanceros) qui ne suit pas, systématiquement, les règles canoniques anciennes de l'énumeration descendente.
Una nova versió catalana del Liber de conservanda sanitate de Johannes de Toleto
Authors: Martínez Ferra Gabriel
Published: August 2014

[fr] Ce travail c'est l'édition d'un regimen sanitatis conservé à la Bibliothèque Vaticane dans un manuscrit ancien du XVème siècle. Ce texte serait un bon exemple des méthodes utilisés par la medicine du Moyen Âge pour garantir la santé des destinataires de ce type de literature. Dans ces méthodes il faut détacher le rôle important qui a la diététique, pour tant ces regimina sanitatis sont une source de valeur pour l'histoire de la medicine, de l'alimentation et aussi pour l'histoire d'autres facettes de la culture médiévale.
Església i poder comtal al territori d’Urgell. Guifré el Pilós i la reorganització de la Vall de Lord
Authors: Riu Manuel
Published: August 2014

[fr] Dans cet article, on présente l'organisation de la Vallée de Lord en quatre chatellenies et dix paroisses, et leur évolution pendant les IXème et Xème siècles, en indiquant le statut de zone franche dans la limite méridionale du comté et évêché d'Urgell, et le rôle notoire du comte Guifred "el Pilos" et des prélats de La Seu. Dans la vallée prirent leur essor également deux monastères bénédictins, celui de Sant Llorenç de Morunys et celui de Sant Pere de Graudescales, qui furent initialement des chapitres de clercs réguliers.
Residents need focused teaching during pediatric emergency medicine rotation to optimize their educational objectives
Authors: Alomar Mohammed , Daliri Narges , Alamer Awatif , Eldali Abdolmoneim
Published: August 2014

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) rotation provides a unique training environment for rotating residents. We aim to assess the impact of PEM rotation on the scientific knowledge of residents from different specialties and training centers by comparing the pre- and post-rotation knowledge. PEM Departments of three major tertiary care training centers were selected. Rotating pediatric and emergency medicine residents were given pre-test with twenty multiple-choice type questions related to the scientific knowledge of PEM and then re-tested with the same questions towards the end of their rotation. The t-test was used to compare mean scores. Further comparison based on specialty and training center was also done. Seventy-three residents were approached and enrolled, 48 from Pediatrics and 25 from Emergency Medicine. The mean pre- and post-scores for all residents were 15.9/20 and 15.5/20, respectively. All residents’ score was less on the post-rotation compared to the pre-rotation in all centers. Pediatric residents at one center scored higher, but they were not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in resident specialty. We found a statistical difference between the residents of two centers compared to the third with P=0.04 and 0.02 respectively. After one month of rotation in PEM, we observed a decrease in the post-rotation test scores as compared to the pre-rotation scores. Since the reasons for the lower scores could not be identified by this study, educational deficiencies should be identified and perhaps a focused teaching and allotted study time to optimize the residents educational objective could be advised.
Disinfection: an indispensable tool in controlling outbreaks in low-resource settings
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S. , Ramasamy Jegadeesh
Published: August 2014

Not available.
Governança Corporativa e Crises: mecanismos importantes durante ciclos econômicos distintos
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Maciel , Amaral Hudson Fernandes , Correia Laise Ferraz , Das Neves João Carlos Carvalho
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa investigou se os mecanismos de governança corporativa, segundo a Teoria da Agência, assumem importâncias distintas em diferentes ciclos econômicos. O período foi de   2000 a 2009, segmentado em: crises locais (2000-2002); não crise (2003-2007); e crise global (2008-2009). Os mecanismos de governança analisados foram: estrutura de propriedade, conselhos de administração, compensação aos gestores, transparência e proteção aos minoritários. A metodologia envolveu: (a) análise de componentes principais, agregando em um indicador um conjunto de variáveis de governança; (b) reorganização dos componentes para verificar a contribuição das dimensões de governança no índice. Constatou-se que estrutura de propriedade foi o mecanismo menos relevante no período. Durante as crises locais, a dimensão de governança mais importante foi compensação aos gestores. Nos períodos de não crise e de crise global, o mecanismo mais relevante foi proteção aos minoritários. Transparência se mostrou gradativamente menos importante e conselho foi menos relevante do que  compensação e  proteção.
Pensamento Estratégico nas Organizações
Authors: Kich Juliane Inês Di Francesco , Pereira Maurício Fernandes
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho busca analisar uma nova forma de pensar as estratégias organizacionais, através de uma discussão teórica sobre o termo “pensamento estratégico”, e o seu desenvolvimento nas organizações. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com o intento de aprofundar o tema e alcançar um embasamento conceitual, o qual pode subsidiar análises posteriores. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, destaca-se que as características pragmáticas do planejamento estratégico parecem não ter mais espaço no atual mundo organizacional, esta ferramenta precisa estar interligada ao processo de pensamento estratégico para trazer resultados mais efetivos. Neste sentido, o desafio se apresenta em como as organizações podem desenvolver um planejamento estratégico que incentive o pensamento estratégico ao invés de miná-lo, assim como o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que fomentem a capacidade de pensar estrategicamente em funcionários de todos os níveis hierárquicos
Pride and prejudice beyond the glass ceiling: Brazilian female executives´ psychological type
Authors: Tanure Betania , Carvalho Neto Antonio , Mota-Santos Carolina
Published: August 2014

This paper intends to relate characteristics of female executive psychological type with their male colleagues in corporations operating in Brazil (CEOs, VPs/directors and top managers). The theoretical framework explores the glass ceiling and the prejudices faced by female executives. It was developed a mixed qualitative-quantitative method. In the quantitative part we interviewed 743 men and 222 women from 344 corporations. We applied also the questionnaire MBTI to 430 of these executives. In the qualitative part we held focus groups with 227 individuals and 104 semi-structured interviews. The most active psychological MBTI type found was the ESTJ, both to men and women. The dominant characteristics in this type is more rational, logical and less emotional. Prejudices are huge: women need to work harder to show that they are as competent as men. They also live the society's pressure in relation to the roles as mother and wife.
Etarismo nas organizações: um estudo dos estereótipos em trabalhadores envelhecentes
Authors: Loth Guilherme Blauth , Silveira Nereida
Published: August 2014

O Brasil está enfrentando um rápido envelhecimento da população. Em 2020 projeta-se uma idade média da população de 31,8 anos. O que representa um aumento de 12,4% sobre a idade média em 2010. Em 2030, esse valor deve chegar a 34,6 anos e continuará crescendo. Esse processo oferece desafios e oportunidades para as organizações, que estão se tornando cada vez mais diversas. Existem poucos estudos no país que foquem o fenômeno do etarismo dentro do contexto organizacional. O presente estudo procurou, através de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, entender quais são os estereótipos percebidos por “envelhecentes” em relação ao preconceito de idade no trabalho. Por meio de entrevistas abertas foi possível identificar três categorias de percepções: percepções estereotipadas de si mesmos, dos outros e percepções estereotipadas dos jovens. Os resultados podem contribuir para que as organizações desenvolvam melhores políticas intergeneracionais que promovam a aproximação entre as pessoas que se encontram em distintos estágios da vida e de idade.