bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation laws, classical symmetries and exact solutions of the generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation
Authors: Bruzón Maria S. , Recio Elena , Garrido Tamara M. , Márquez Almudena P.
Published: June 2017

For a generalized KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation we have studied conservation laws by using the multiplier method, and investigated its first-level and second-level potential systems. Furthermore, the Lie point symmetries of the equation and the Lie point symmetries associated with the conserved vectors are determined. We obtain travelling wave reductions depending on the form of an arbitrary function. We present some explicit solutions: soliton solutions, kinks and antikinks.
A Problematic Spouse: A Text-Critical Examination of Merab’s Place in 1 Samuel 18:17–19 and 2 Samuel 21:8
Authors: Hays Rebecca Poe
Published: June 2017

Im Vergleich zu ihrer Schwester Michal spielt Sauls älteste Tochter Merab eine geringe Rolle in der größeren Davidserzählung. In einigen Versionen der Samuelbücher (zum Beispiel LXX
Rapid Evolution of Ovarian-Biased Genes in the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti)
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Extavour Cassandra G
Published: June 2017

Males and females exhibit marked differences in phenotypes and gene expression, particularly in the gonads. Genes with male- or testisbiased expression..

Males and females exhibit highly dimorphic phenotypes, particularly in their gonads, which is believed to be driven largely by differential gene expression. Typically, the protein sequences of genes upregulated in males, or male-biased genes, evolve rapidly as compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. To date, the specific study of gonad-biased genes remains uncommon in metazoans. Here, we identified and studied a total of 2927, 2013, and 4449 coding sequences (CDS) with ovary-biased, testis-biased, and unbiased expression, respectively, in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. The results showed that ovary-biased and unbiased CDS had higher nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) and lower optimal codon usage (those codons that promote efficient translation) than testis-biased genes. Further, we observed higher dN/dS in ovary-biased genes than in testis-biased genes, even for genes coexpressed in nonsexual (embryo) tissues. Ovary-specific genes evolved exceptionally fast, as compared to testis- or embryo-specific genes, and exhibited higher frequency of positive selection. Genes with ovary expression were preferentially involved in olfactory binding and reception. We hypothesize that at least two potential mechanisms could explain rapid evolution of ovary-biased genes in this mosquito: (1) the evolutionary rate of ovary-biased genes may be accelerated by sexual selection (including female–female competition or male–mate choice) affecting olfactory genes during female swarming by males, and/or by adaptive evolution of olfactory signaling within the female reproductive system (e.g., sperm-ovary signaling); and/or (2) testis-biased genes may exhibit decelerated evolutionary rates due to the formation of mating plugs in the female after copulation, which limits male–male sperm competition.
Crowdfunding und Crowdinvesting – Sach- und kollisionsrechtliche Einordnung sowie Überlagerung durch die E-Commerce-Richtlinie
Authors: Spindler Gerald
Published: June 2017

Die im Vordringen befindliche Finanzierungsmöglichkeit des Crowdfundings stößt nicht nur aufgrund ihrer noch nicht abschließend geklärten Rechtsnatur, sondern auch im Hinblick auf die grenzüberschreitenden Sachverhalte, die dem E-Commerce immanent sind, auf zahlreiche Probleme. Im Folgenden soll auf den Rechtsrahmen des Crowdfundings aus deutscher sowie rechtsvergleichender Sicht eingegangen werden; anschließend werden die aufgeworfenen Rechtsfragen vor dem Hintergrund des internationalen Privatrechts beleuchtet.
Mittelstandsanleihen und Marktversagen
Authors: von Randow Philipp
Published: June 2017

Unter vielen Beobachtern des Angebots deutscher Mittelstandsanleihen gilt es als ausgemacht, dass es dort zu erheblichen Fehlbepreisungen gekommen ist. Neben einigem anekdotischen Anschauungsmaterial fällt dabei vor allem ins Auge, dass vergleichbar verzinste High-Yield-Anleihen in Europa ihren institutionellen Investoren im selben Zeitraum einen stärkeren Covenantschutz und deutliche geringere Ausfallraten geboten haben. Der Beitrag nimmt das Geschehen am Markt für Mittelstandsanleihen in den Blick und zeigt – unter Verwendung der von Akerlof maßgeblich entwickelten ökonomischen Topoi des „phishing for phools“ und des „market for lemons“ – auf, dass die angesprochenen Retail Investoren aufgrund ihrer, für Anlageentscheidungen ungeeigneten, Alltagsheuristiken anfällig für ein eingängiges Mittelstandsnarrativ waren und deshalb die risikoabsorbierende (First-Loss-)Charakteristik der angebotenen Mittelstandsanleihen als nachrangiges Fremdkapital verkannten. Die gewonnenen Einsichten zeigen für die künftige Reformdiskussion eine neue Richtung auf.
A Review of Image-guided Approaches for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
Authors: Tang Haipeng ,   School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, MS, USA, Tang Shaojie ,   School of Automation, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China, Zhou Weihua ,   School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, MS, USA
Published: June 2017

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for patients with heart failure; however, the low response rate significantly reduces its cost-effectiveness. A favourable CRT response primarily depends on whether implanters can identify the optimal left ventricular (LV) lead position and accurately place the lead at the recommended site. Myocardial imaging techniques, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging, have been used to assess LV myocardial viability and mechanical dyssynchrony, and deduce the optimal LV lead position. The optimal position, presented as a segment of the myocardial wall, is then overlaid with images of the coronary veins from fluoroscopy to aid navigation of the LV lead to the target venous site. Once validated by large clinical trials, these image-guided techniques for CRT lead placement may have an impact on current clinical practice.
Evolution of Force Sensing Technologies
Authors: Shah Dipen ,   Division of Cardiology, Hospital Cantonal de Genève, Switzerland
Published: June 2017

In order to improve the procedural success and long-term outcomes of catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation (AF), an important unfulfilled requirement is to create durable electrophysiologically complete lesions. Measurement of contact force (CF) between the catheter tip and the target tissue can guide physicians to optimise both mapping and ablation procedures. Contact force can affect lesion size and clinical outcomes following catheter ablation of AF. Force sensing technologies have matured since their advent several years ago, and now allow the direct measurement of CF between the catheter tip and the target myocardium in real time. In order to obtain complete durable lesions, catheter tip spatial stability and stable contact force are important. Suboptimal energy delivery, lesion density/contiguity and/or excessive wall thickness of the pulmonary vein-left atrial (PV-LA) junction may result in conduction recovery at these sites. Lesion assessment tools may help predict and localise electrical weak points resulting in conduction recovery during and after ablation. There is increasing clinical evidence to show that optimal use of CF sensing during ablation can reduce acute PV re-conduction, although prospective randomised studies are desirable to confirm long-term favourable clinical outcomes. In combination with optimised lesion assessment tools, contact force sensing technology has the potential to become the standard of care for all patients undergoing AF catheter ablation.
IMPROVING CYANOBACTERIA AND CYANOTOXIN MONITORING IN
SURFACE WATERS FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
Authors: Li Jing , Parkefelt Linda , Persson Kenneth M , Pekar Heidi
Published: June 2017

Cyanobacteria in fresh water can cause serious threats to drinking water supplies. Managing cyanobacterial blooms particularly at small drinking water treatment plants is challenging. Because large amount of cyanobacteria may cause clogging in the treatment process and various cyanotoxins are hard to remove, while they may cause severe health problems. There is lack of instructions of what cyanobacteria/toxin amount should trigger what kind of actions for drink-ing water management except for Microcystins. This demands a Cyanobacteria Management Tool (CMT) to help regula-tors/operators to improve cyanobacteria/cyanotoxin monitoring in surface waters for drinking water supply. This project proposes a CMT tool, including selecting proper indicators for quick cyanobacteria monitoring and verifying quick analysis methods for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin. This tool is suggested for raw water management regarding cyano-bacteria monitoring in lakes, especially in boreal forest climate. In addition, it applies to regions that apply international WHO standards for water management. In Swedish context, drinking water producers which use raw water from lakes that experience cyanobacterial blooms, need to create a monitoring routine for cyanobacteria/cyanotoxin and to monitor beyond such as Anatoxins, Cylindrospermopsins and Saxitoxins. Using the proposed CMT tool will increase water safety at surface water treatment plants substantially by introducing three alerting points for actions. CMT design for each local condition should integrate adaptive monitoring program.
Colistin resistance associated with outer membrane protein change in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae
Authors: Kádár Béla , Kocsis Béla , Tóth Ákos , Kristóf Katalin , Felső Péter , Kocsis Béla , Böddi Katalin , Szabó Dóra
Published: June 2017

In this study, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae were analyzed. One colistin-susceptible and three colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 strains as well as one colistin-susceptible E. asburiae and its colistin-heteroresistant counterpart strain were involved in the study. OMP analysis of each strain was performed by microchip method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) investigation was carried out after separation of OMPs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis of OMPs in the colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae found 16 kDa proteins belonging to the LysM domain/BON superfamily, as well as DNA starvation proteins, whereas OmpX and OmpW were detected in the colistin-resistant counterpart strains. OmpC and OmpW were detected in the colistin-susceptible E. asburiae, whereas OmpA and OmpX were identified in the colistin-resistant counterpart. This study demonstrated that OMP differences were between colistin-susceptible and -resistant counterpart strains. The altered Gram-negative cell wall may contribute to acquired colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS MAHASISWA
Authors: Aisyah Riri , Aisyah Fitri Nur , Yunita Yunita
Published: June 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada penentuan kadar asam palmitat bebas dalam minyak goreng dan menganalisis keterampilan proses sains. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kelas pada mahasiswa mata kuliah kimia bahan makanan sebanyak 38 orang. Data diperoleh dari jawaban mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan setiap tahapan LKM yang diberikan, sedangkan keterampilan proses sains didapat dari jawaban siswa pada LKM yang disesuaikan dengan indikator ketrampilan proses sains. Kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan LKM diinterpretasikan sebagai berikut : fase “orientasi pada masalah” baik (70.3), fase”belajar mandiri’ baik (76.0), fase ”penyelidikan” baik sekali (94.3), fase ”penyajian data” baik (72.7) dan fase “evaluasi hasil kerja” baik (72.4). Keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa secara keseluruhan diinterpretasikan baik dengan rata-rata 75.6, dengan perolehan nilai pada indikator mengamati 88.9, mengajukan pertanyaan 70.3, mengajukan hipotesis 70.8, menerapkan konsep 75.6, merancang percobaan 91,6, menyimpulkan 67.3 dan mengomunikasikan 73.1
Homilia w osmozie z teologią liturgiczną
Authors: Dyk Stanisław
Published: June 2017

Nowe Dyrektorium homiletyczne przedstawia homilię jako syntezę słowa Bożego, celebracji liturgicznej i chrześcijańskiego życia (por. DH 12–14). Homilia jawi się tutaj jako przykład syntezy teologicznej bądź też jako przykład syntezy w teologii. W takim ujęciu może być ona uważana za najlepszy przykład zrodzonej w okresie reformy liturgicznej teologii liturgicznej. Osmoza pomiędzy teologią liturgiczną a homilią polega na tym, że obydwie pozostają w funkcji liturgii i jawią się jako teologia z liturgii. W takim ujęciu homilia, podobnie jak teologia liturgiczna, ma cztery podstawowe cele: pozostaje w służbie zbawczemu misterium, tak aby włączyć w nie uczestników celebracji liturgicznej; jest teologiczną syntezą prowadzącą do pełnego poznania misterium Chrystusa; jest syntezą wszystkich dyscyplin teologicznych; jest teologią ortodoksji dla ortopraksji w perspektywie doksologii – żywą teologią zbawczego misterium.
Rola słowa Bożego w modlitwie osobistej i liturgicznej wspólnot cenobickich według „Reguły” Pachomiusza i „Asketikonu” Bazylego Wielkiego
Authors: Ciemała Marianna
Published: June 2017

Teksty źródłowe dla wczesnego cenobityzmu wskazują, iż codzienny kontakt z Pismem stanowił fundament monastycznej koinônii. Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania najistotniejszych form obecności słowa Bożego w modlitwie wspólnot pachomiańskich i bazyliańskich oraz ich rolę w formacji mnichów i w rozwoju koinônii. Dla analizy teologicznej wybrane zostały teksty normatywne pierwszych wspólnot cenobickich. W Regule Pachomiusza oraz w Asketikonie Bazylego Wielkiego czytamy o wskazaniach dotyczących nauki modlitwy. Ważnym elementem formacji było pamięciowe opanowanie niektórych ksiąg Pisma Świętego. Praktyka ta umożliwiała braciom czynne zaangażowanie się w modlitwie wspólnotowej i przysposabiała do modlitwy nieustannej (medytacji), polegającej na mówieniu (głośno lub półgłosem) z pamięci słów Pisma lub na czytaniu fragmentów biblijnych z kodeksów i na zgłębianiu ich wewnętrznej treści. W ten sposób słowa Pisma zapamiętane, recytowane i rozważane miały być dla cenobitów pierwszą (niektórzy mówią nawet: jedyną) regułą oraz pokarmem duchowym, koniecznym do życia zgodnym z wolą Boga oraz umacniającym jedność wśród braci.
Katecheza biblijna w parafii skierowana do różnych grup dorosłych
Authors: Stypułkowska Beata
Published: June 2017

W niniejszym artykule w oparciu o dokumenty kościelne i opracowania katechetyczne przedstawiono zagadnienie duszpasterstwa katechetycznego w parafii, etapy katechezy parafialnej, grupy osób dorosłych objętych katechezą oraz treści katechezy biblijnej w parafii.Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono grupom katechetycznym. Wyróżniono w nich osoby podzielone ze względu na zaangażowanie w sprawy wiary, osoby podzielone ze względu na szczególne sytuacje życiowe oraz inne grupy katechetyczne, czyli rodziców, dorosłych posługujących w liturgii oraz katechetów.Do wszystkich tych grup osób dorosłych powinna być skierowana odpowiednia katecheza, w tym również katecheza biblijna otwierająca na spotkanie z Chrystusem obecnym w słowie Bożym.
Head Over Heels in Gastrointestinal Anatomy: A Case Study
Authors: Stoner Rebecca , Caruana Edward , Stabile Isabel
Published: June 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: The classical teaching model consists of lectures where students passively receive information. In the flipped classroom, lecture content is available for students online, and the lecture time is utilised for problem solving and active learning. This project set out to compare these models in a "traditional" anatomy course. Summary of work: Activity logs for Year 2 recorded lectures in the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract were downloaded from Moodle (VLE). Results of a mock topic test administered under exam conditions and student feedback were analysed. Summary of results: 61 participants submitted voluntarily to the written test; 38 (62.3%) had watched the online lectures. No difference was found in marks between students who did/did not participate (54.0+/-18.6 vs 59.9+/-14.1, p=0.1699) respectively. The response rate was 73%: All watched online lectures, 70% used them to replace contact teaching entirely on at least some occasions. 60% preferred video lectures, 51.2% of whom preferred full-face video recording of the traditional lecture, 16% audio alone and 18.6% a full flipped classroom model. 39.5% felt their performance was negatively affected by this approach due to their lack of motivation to engage with the lecture videos. Discussion: The similarity in student marks between the two teaching approaches suggests that the flipped classroom model may be a suitable alternative, especially when resources are limited. The preference of most students for the traditional model could suggest a reluctance to participate in active learning activities or room for improvement in the video lectures provided. Conclusions: The majority of students accessed online lectures. Those who did performed as well as those who did not in a mock test. Take home message: Flipped classroom teaching is an effective alternative to traditional anatomy teaching.
Misplacing Nema A Consideration of Some Problematic Aspects of South Africa's New EIA Regulations
Authors: Ridl Jeremy , Couzens Ed
Published: June 2017

In mid-2006, new Regulations governing environmental impact assessment were published in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998.  It is argued in this article that the old Regulations under the Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989, which were replaced, had proved inadequate not because of any inherent deficiency, but because they were never properly implemented and because they were instead subjected to much inaccurate criticism.  The article then canvasses the old Regulations and considers criticisms thereof, before canvassing the new Regulations and assessing differences between the old and the new.  Various specific concerns and potential shortcomings are raised and considered; and various interpretations are offered of problematic provisions.  A prognosis for the success and/or failure of the new Regulations is then put forward in the context of the South African government's present approach to economic growth, environmental protection and the enforcement of environmental legislation.  Finally, it is argued that there are danger signs that the new Regulations will be as misunderstood and misapplied as were the old Regulations and that the fundamental principles of the National Environmental Management Act are likely not to be adhered to in the implementation of the new Regulations.
Unpacking the Public Trust Doctrine: A Journey into Foreign Territory
Authors: Van der Schyff Elmarie
Published: June 2017

The past decade has borne witness to the transformation of South Africa's natural resources law with the introduction of a new legal concept, that of "public trusteeship", to South African jurisprudence.  The concept of "public trusteeship" as it is embodied in South African legislation encapsulates the sovereign's duty to act as guardian of certain interests to the benefit of the nation as a whole.  In the quest to demystify the incorporation of the concept of "public trusteeship" in South Africa, this article, as a first tentative step, focuses solely on the public trust doctrine as it functions in American jurisprudence.  It is the aim of this article to give a thorough theoretical exposition of the development and application of the public trust doctrine in American jurisprudence in order to provide the South African scholar with a perspective on a legal construct founded on the philosophical notion that governments exercise a "fiduciary trust" on behalf of their people.
Study of Preparation, Growth Mechanism and Catalytic Performance of Carbon Based Embedded Silver Nano Composite Materials
Authors: Jiang Pengpeng , Liu Jiao , Huang Yingxin , Jiang Xiaohong , Lu Lude
Published: June 2017

Novel and stable carbon based embedded silver nano composite materials (Ag/CSs) were successfully prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method with trioctylamine (TOA) as soft template and stabilizer. These as-prepared Ag/CSs exhibit well-defined shape and relatively uniform size with an average diameter of 1.5 μm and uniformly embedded Ag nanoparticles about 5 nm. The proper proportion of glucose, AgNO3 and TOA is the key to the common growth of hydrothermal carbon materials and silver nanoparticles in an embedded way. Besides, the thickness of carbon sphere matrix and the size of Ag particles can be tailored precisely by adjusting the experimental parameters. In order to facilitate comparative analysis, carbon spheres (CSs) without Ag particles embedded were also prepared with glucose under the same hydrothermal reaction conditions. The composition, structure and morphology of the as-prepared Ag/CSs and CSs were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the possible formation mechanism of the Ag/CSs has been proposed based on experimental evidences. Finally, the as-prepared Ag/CSs and CSs were used as catalysts in the experiments of photocatalytic degradation of methylene MB in water under visible light irradiation and the high efficiency of photocatalytic performance of Ag/CSs has been verified.
Формирование экономико-управленческих и предпринимательских компетенций в техническом вузе
Authors: Хайруллина Марина Валентиновна
Published: June 2017

В статье представлено авторское мнение о роли экономико-управленческих и предпринимательских компетенций, соответственно – профильных подразделений (кафедр и факультетов) в подготовке выпускников технических вузов. Обосновано – почему в техническом вузе больше возможностей для формирования предпринимательских компетенций. Представлена дуальная модель формирования экономико-управленческих и предпринимательских компетенций в техническом вузе, содержание отдельных инструментов ее реализации на примере Новосибирского государственного технического университета.
Построение самообучающегося предприятия для обеспечения его устойчивого развития
Authors: Дьячкова Анастасия Васильевна , Баженов Геннадий Егорович
Published: June 2017

В статье освещены вопросы обеспечения устойчивого развития путем формирования самообучающегося предприятия. Трудовой потенциал рассмотрен как основная составляющая потенциала организационного развития, определяющая возможность перехода к устойчивому развитию. Наиболее актуальным в процессе перехода к устойчивому развитию признан компетентностный подход к формированию трудового потенциала, применение которого наиболее успешно в условиях самообучающейся организации.
Управление клиентурным поведением персонала организации
Authors: Киселева Маргарита Михайловна
Published: June 2017

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы формирования клиентурного поведения персонала на примере торговых организаций. Управление клиентурным поведением включает в себя оценку типов поведения и диагностику поведенческих отношений персонала к клиентам организации. Оценка клиентурного поведения и поведенческих отношений персонала проводится на основе использования моделей организационного поведения. В основе управления клиентурным поведением лежит системный подход. Рекомендации к управлению клиентурным поведением персонала ориентированы на руководителей, менеджеров по управлению персоналом, преподавателей, студентов вузов.
Инновации как инструмент повышения конкурентоспособности металлургического предприятия и совершенствования предпринимательской деятельности
Authors: Новиков Николай Иннокентьевич , Лавровский Борис Леонидович
Published: June 2017

В работе исследуются некоторые аспекты инновационной деятельности на металлургических предприятиях. В качестве примера рассматривается технологическая инновация, связанная с упрочнением сменных быстроизнашивающихся деталей основного оборудования, лимитирующих металлургических агрегатов за счет повышения их надежности и долговечности.
Система поддержания устойчивости предпринимательских систем на рынке интернет-продвижения
Authors: Упоров Виталий Андреевич
Published: June 2017

В статье оценивается целесообразность использования продвижения в интернете, раскрывается взаимосвязь между каналом привлечения клиентов и возможностью устойчивого развития предпринимательской структуры. Формулируются рекомендации по размеру рекламного бюджета и направлениям его использования для предпринимателей на рынке подвижных ограждающих конструкций.
ЛИН-технологии при построении системы продаж промышленного предприятия
Authors: Горевая Евгения Сергеевна , Пашко Дарья Владимировна
Published: June 2017

Рассмотрена классическая схема построения продаж: система и ее составляющие, процесс продаж, инструменты продаж, рассмотрены особенности функционирования системы продаж и ее трансформация под влиянием информационных технологий. Исследованы проблемы организации работы отдела продаж производственных предприятий, рассмотрены возможности использования лин-технологий. Предложена модель процесса продаж производственного предприятия, реализованная на основе инструментов бережливого производства.
Análisis de un edificio histórico usando MEF: El puente La Libertad, en Buga - Valle del Cauca (1874)
Authors: Galindo Díaz Jorge Alberto , Paredes López Jairo Andrés , Mora Méndez Diego Fernando
Published: June 2017

Este documento presenta parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación mucho más amplio que ha reconocido aspectos históricos y técnicos propios de un conjunto de 34 puentes históricos de arco de ladrillo, de los cuales aun existen 20, todos con características geométricas diversas y dimensiones singulares. Se expone el proceso de modelamiento numérico mediante el método de elementos finitos (MEF) adelantado en uno de ellos y se presentan conclusiones que se pueden extender a la casi totalidad de los casos estudiados con el fin de ofrecer nuevas alternativas de análisis a los profesionales interesados en la rehabilitación y conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico e ingenieril colombiano.
El impacto de las tasas retributivas para el control de vertimientos en Colombia
Authors: Méndez-Sayago Johanna Mildred , Sayago Jhon Méndez , Hernández Escolar Hugo Alfonso
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se discute la habilidad de las técnicas econométricas de antecedente, para evaluar el impacto de las tasas retributivas como instrumento para el control de los vertimientos en Colombia. Con este propósito se estima el efecto de las tarifas sobre la contaminación a partir de dos estrategias, que difieren en cuanto al tipo de información que se utiliza como variable de tratamiento. En la primera estimación se emplea un conjunto de datos panel, resultado de la implementación de las tasas retributivas en la jurisdicción de CORNARE durante el periodo 2011-2014. En esta primera evaluación, el precio a la contaminación es la tarifa que cobra la autoridad ambiental. En el segundo caso, la información proviene de una encuesta aplicada a empresas con vertimientos en la ciudad de Bogotá durante el año 2014. Para este caso, la variable de tratamiento es el precio percibido por los agentes contaminadores. Se encontró que la primera estrategia subestima el efecto de las tarifas, porque no captura el efecto heterogéneo del precio a la contaminación, lo que genera estimadores sesgados e inconsistentes de su impacto.
Road to the stars: Relativistic Rocket
Authors: Semyonov Oleg
Published: June 2017

This book is an attempt to look at relativistic flight from the point of view of a physicist. According to the principle of reaction-propulsion, the only ‘fuel’ suitable for multi-ton relativistic rockets is antimatter. Propulsion methods, relying on thrust by products of annihilation such as photon rocket (electron-positron annihilation) and meson rocket (proton-antiproton annihilation), are revised accounting for annihilation cross-section. The proposed propulsion system includes reactor and accelerators that form efflux of relativistic ions. Shift to relativistic efflux means transition to higher propulsion efficiency: the efflux beam consists mostly of energy. The rocket equation is derived and numerical calculations for various launching masses are performed.
Kinematic approach to estimate effectiveness of relativistic rocket maneuvering is considered. Computer simulation of some curvilinear trajectories is performed.
Limiting factors are discussed in Chapter 3. Thermodynamics requires engine cooling. In space, it can be made by means of radiation only. The radiator mass is estimated as a function of efflux power. Space is not emptiness but comprises gas and dust. Despite its rarefaction (n ~ 0.3 cm^-3 ) this gas forms a flow of relativistic ions/atoms bombarding the rocket with the intensity N = nv ~ 10^9 cm^-2s^-1 at v ~ 0.5c, where v is the rocket velocity. Kinetic energy of ions/atoms is 1 GeV, which is hard radiation with the dosage comparable to that inside nuclear reactors. Another danger is relativistic dust. A frontal shield with magnetic and material shielding is considered.
The foreseen antimatter ‘fuel’ is antyhydrogen. Due to inherent diamagnetism of antihydrogen, it can be stored in a container with a thin magnetic barrier induced by superconducting loops with alternate direction of current. Modelling of various container geometries is performed. Recommendations are made to find a solution to the vapors problem.
Quantitative Analysis of Relationship Structure and Anionic Surfactant Micelle Concentration Critic With Semiempiris AM1
Authors: Delsy Eva Vaulina Yulistia , Iswanto Ponco , Winaryo Sandi
Published: June 2017

This research determines the mathematical equation which calculate the Concentration Micelle Critic theoretical anionic surfactant. The research was conducted the depiction of each surfactant anionic three-dimensional compound models, followed by optimizing the model structure anionic surfactant by using AM1 calculation method. Furthermore the calculation of descriptors (QSPR method), then it was analyzed statistically using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The results of statistical calculations showed that to calculate the theoretical CMC anionic surfactant can use the QSPR equation: log CMC = 4.157+0.118qC1+7.698qC2+0.425Î±â0.010Âµ-0.129RDâ0.138 log P+0.021BMâ0.034Avdw, n = 100 ; r = 0.927 ; r2 = 0.860 ; SE = 0.352 ; F= 30.888 ; PRESS = 23.506
Activity of Superoxide Dismutase Mimic of [Mn(salen)OAc] Complex Compound Non-enzymatically in Vitro Through Riboflavin Photoreduction
Authors: Deawati Yusi , Onggo Djulia , Mulyani Irma , Hastiawan Iwan , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: June 2017

The complex compound of [Mn(salen)OAc] can serve as mSOD and its activity has been determined non-enzymatically in vitro through riboflavin photoreduction. The complex was synthesized from Mn(OAc)2.4H2O and H2salen. Based on the elemental analysis, the C=56.69%; H=4.21%; and N=7.52% content are corresponding to the chemical formula of MnC18H17N2O4. The functional groups and ionic species in the complex have been analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and ESI-MS. SOD activity was determined by mixing complex at various concentrations with riboflavin and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), then the mixture was lighted with 20 Watt tungsten lamp for 15 minutes in a closed box. Then the reduced NBT absorptions were measured at Î» 560 nm. The difference of absorbance between standard and sample solutions (without and with riboflavin, respectively) was multiplied by 100% to obtain %inhibition of each various sample concentration against NBT. SOD activity was obtained from IC50 data defined as a 50% inhibition of the plot curve of % inhibition to the concentration of the complex. The result obtained for this compound is IC50 = 2.7 Â± 0.05 ÂµM as well as enzymatic method. Therefore, this method can be used to determine the SOD activity by giving more stability and accuracy of IC50 value.
Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore
Authors: Denney Dennis
Published: June 2017

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 143099, ’Kick Detection and Well Control in a Closed Wellbore,’ by Steve Nas, SPE, Weatherford, prepared for the 2011 IADC/SPE Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 5-6 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Closing the wellbore at the top with a rotating control device (RCD) for some kind of managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) operations raises a number of issues with regard to well control and kick detection. The use of an RCD provides drillers with an additional level of comfort because it is a pressure-management device, but it does not eliminate the need to have well control as a primary objective. Early kick detection and annular-pressure control are essential parts of MPD operations, but there can be confusion as to where the responsibility for well control lies.

Introduction

The detection of inflow from a formation is one of the primary safety aspects of drilling operations. Even with a closed wellbore and with the use of MPD technology, kick detection and the subsequent well-control procedures must remain in place. The rig crew can get a false sense of security that with MPD, the well is controlled at all times and as such there is no further need for well control. The causes of kicks are not removed when MPD operations are being conducted. The procedures and risk assessments for MPD operations must include kick-detection and well-control methods and procedures.

Primary Well Control

Controlling the annular-pressure profile is one of the main reasons for MPD, but it may not avoid kicks in a well. If the pore pressures of the formations being drilled are unknown, then kicks can still be taken. This leads to the next challenge: To contain an influx safely, the influx first must be detected. If MPD is used to control the bottomhole pressure (BHP) in the well, then it can be stated that MPD is the primary well control because the pressure in the well is controlled to avoid an influx of formation fluids into the wellbore.

The use of an RCD to close in the wellbore makes drilling operations safer. However, it must be noted that, often, the objectives of MPD are to reduce the hydrostatic pressure, avoid losses, and drill the well with a lower mud weight. Reducing the mud weight can introduce more well-control events.
The application research on improvement of genetic algorithm in linear CCD detection
Authors: Yu Bo , Yan Zhan-hui , Wang Li-tao , Li Xiao-dong , Wang Da-yu
Published: June 2017

When the linear array image sensor (CCD) is used for spot detection, the optimization of the detection signal is usually one of the problems that plague the user. In linear array imaging sensor (CCD) detection applications, optimization of the detection signal is usually one of the problems with the user. Based on the characteristics of linear array CCD detection signal, a genetic algorithm (GA) is established to solve the problem of mathematical model. In this paper, a new adaptive genetic algorithm (IGA) with directional adaptive guidance and adaptive control technology and threshold constraint technology are proposed for the lack of local optimization ability of the standard genetic algorithm (SGA), premature convergence and low accuracy. By applying IGA to the actual detection data, it is proved that IGA has certain advantages in solving the problem of linear CCD detection signal optimization. In the end of this paper, the performance of IGA, SGA and peak finding algorithm (SP) are analyzed and compared, which fully demonstrates the advantages of IGA in solving such problems.
Reliability of chatter stability in CNC turning process by Monte Carlo simulation method
Authors: FadulAlmula Mubarak A. M. , Zhu Haitao , Wahab Hassan A.
Published: June 2017

In turning process, regenerative chatter stability is regarded as an outcome favor in achieving reliable cutting performance. Since nowadays there is great demand in producing very high quality parts, researchers devoted great efforts in developing theoretical and analytical means for understanding, analyzing and solving the stability of a given machining process. In general, the stability of turning process could be influenced by random variables such as machine stiffness, damping and cutting force. Therefore, in this paper, a new method for predicting the reliability of regenerative chatter stability in turning process is proposed. This involves application of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) tool to study the statistical distribution of regenerative chatter stability during turning process. The employed dynamic model of the regenerative chatter was defined, and the relationship between cutting depth and spindle speed was obtained by Laplace transformation. The sampling distribution information of kinetic parameters of the cutting system was evaluated for the regenerative chatter model. Thus, the limit cutting width of the samples was obtained. The statistical characteristics probability showed that the actual cutting width is less than the limit cutting width. Therefore, the regenerative chatter stability prediction by Monte Carlo simulation was regarded as a criterion.
A rapid technique to determine performance and efficiency of activated carbon water filters
Authors: Sweetman Martin J. , Sebben Damien , Noll Ben D. , Wang Wei Hong , May Steve , Mebberson Nick , Plush Sally E. , Hayball John D.
Published: June 2017

The performance of activated carbon water filters, with respect to the breakthrough of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dangerous trihalomethanes (THMs) from supplied water, has been analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a viable technique to monitor carbon filter performance, using the fluorescently active DOM species as an indicator. Due to the relationship between DOM and THMs, where DOM is the precursor for THM formation during the chlorine treatment of water, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to predict the breakthrough of both species from activated carbon filters. In order to establish a versatile measurement technique, the most appropriate fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths for detecting the DOM in water were firstly determined. These fluorescence measurement parameters were then applied to effluent water samples from carbon filters, over a total filtrate volume of 4,200 L. The total THM concentration in filtered water samples was determined by headspace gas chromatography (HSGC), with the fluorescence and HSGC results showing a high degree of correlation for the amount of DOM and THM respectively. Importantly, this correlation is observed for both of the determined fluorescence measurement parameters, highlighting the validity and versatility of this technique.
Automatic control of the effluent turbidity from a chemically enhanced primary treatment with microsieving
Authors: Väänänen J. , Memet S. , Günther T. , Lilja M. , Cimbritz M. , la Cour Jansen J.
Published: June 2017

For chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) with microsieving, a feedback proportional integral controller combined with a feedforward compensator was used in large pilot scale to control effluent water turbidity to desired set points. The effluent water turbidity from the microsieve was maintained at various set points in the range 12–80 NTU basically independent for a number of studied variations in influent flow rate and influent wastewater compositions. Effluent turbidity was highly correlated with effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). Thus, for CEPT based on microsieving, controlling the removal of COD was possible. Thereby incoming carbon can be optimally distributed between biological nitrogen removal and anaerobic digestion for biogas production. The presented method is based on common automation and control strategies; therefore fine tuning and optimization for specific requirements are simplified compared to model-based dosing control.
Recent Trends in Globalization of Industry R&D Clinical Trials: Are Emerging Markets Losing their Allure?
Authors: Misik Vladimir , Brady Rachel V. , Bolecek Martin , Klech Heinrich
Published: June 2017

Background: This paper expands on our initial research published in this journal in 2014
which analyzed global trends in biopharmaceutical R&D clinical trials (BPCT) covering the period
2007 – 2012. In this paper, we have built on this work and used an enhanced and improved methodology
(analysis of the Phase II and Phase III BPCT data from ClinicalTrials.gov clinical trial registry
with the number of active, rather than just the newly added, clinical trial sites utilized as a surrogate
of BPCT activity) to analyze geographic participation of countries and regions in BPCTs during the
period 2009-2014.

Discussion: Our data demonstrate that the developed clinical BPCT markets North America and
Western Europe have been successful to reduce, and to a certain degree reverse, loss of market share
to the emerging markets, and keep the market share of developed markets well above the 70% mark.
While almost all emerging markets lost market share at a regional level, there were two regional outliers.
The first being Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which as a region managed to protect its
market share position amidst the developed markets offensive. In terms of patient accessibility to
clinical trials (population-adjusted number of BPCT sites), core Central Europe outperformed Western
Europe, and some countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Republic) also exceeded levels in North
America. The other outlier on the opposite end of the spectrum is MENA1 (Middle East and North
Africa – excluding Israel), which contributes almost 2% of the global spend on pharmaceuticals, but
attracted less than 0.2% of the BPCTs market share. Population-adjusted accessibility to clinical trials
of novel compounds in MENA is 200x below US levels, and more than 20x below global average.

Conclusion: Patient accessibility to clinical trials in the developed markets is roughly 20x higher than
in a majority of the developing markets, however patient accessibility to BPCTs in several countries
in CEE, as well as Israel, exceeds the US levels. Our data also demonstrate substantial imbalance between
participation in development of new products (expressed as BPCT market share) and consumption
of marketed pharmaceuticals (expressed as market share of pharmaceutical sales) across several
emerging markets, most notably MENA. Moreover, this strong consumption bias is further increasing
over time across a majority of emerging markets, driven by low (and declining across the majority of
the emerging markets) BPCT market share. This contrasts the rapid growth of pharmaceutical sales
across a majority of the emerging markets, significantly exceeding the rate of growth in the developed
countries.
Combined treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs
Authors: Rusin Vasylij , Korsak Vjacheslav , Popovich Yaroslav , Boldizhar Patricia
Published: June 2017

The article represents the combined treatment results analysis of 50 patients with deep vein thromboses of inferior vena cava system. The complex clinical and instrumental examination of patients included duplex ultrasound scan, X-ray phlebography, multislice computed tomography with intravenous contrast and radionuclide fleboscintigrahpy. All patients were performed the regional thrombolytic therapy, combined with an open palliative thrombectomy in 19 (38%) patients and endovascular implantation of a temporary or constant cava-filter in 31 (62%) patients. In postoperative period for 12 months’ monitoring the local and general complications after combined treatment were found in 4 (8.0%) out of 50 patients, who were performed the combined treatment.
Измерение толщины блочных пленок висмута методом атомно-силовой микроскопии с применением избирательного химического травления
Authors: Демидов Е.В. , Комаров В.А. , Крушельницкий А.Н. , Суслов А.В.
Published: June 2017

С использованием атомно-силовой микроскопии и избирательного химического травления предложен способ измерения толщины блочных пленок. Предложенный способ апробирован для тонких пленок висмута на слюде, полученных методом термического испарения в вакууме. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44631.17
Составной генераторный термоэлемент на рабочий диапазон температур 30-320-=SUP=-o-=/SUP=-C
Authors: Сорокин А.И.
Published: June 2017

Исследована возможность повышения кпд термоэлементов в диапазоне температур 30-320oC, используя для этого подход, связанный с созданием составных ветвей термоэлемента. Составные ветви n- и p-типа были построены из низкотемпературных термоэлектрических материалов на основе теллурида висмута и добавки среднетемпературного материала на основе PbTe и GeTe соответственно. Формирование составных ветвей осуществляли методом искрового плазменного спекания (ИПС). Этот метод обеспечивает контактное сопротивление на уровне ≤ 10 мкОм·см. Проведено сравнение свойств составного термоэлемента с традиционным. Кпд составных термоэлементов по сравнению с традиционным увеличился практически на 70% и составил 5.3% в рабочем диапазоне 30-320oC. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44633.19
Локальные термоэлектрические эффекты в широкозонных полупроводниках
Authors: Ордин С.В. , Жиляев Ю.В. , Зеленин В.В. , Пантелеев В.Н.
Published: June 2017

Получено экспериментальное подтверждение возникновения в структурах на базе широкозонных полупроводников локальных термоэдс, обнаруженных ранее на кремниевых p-n-переходах. Были исследованы вольт-амперные и частотные характеристики асимметричного потенциального барьера на границе GaN/Mg и p-i-n-структуры на базе GaAs. Показано, что вклад локальных термоэдс и в широкозонных полупроводниках определяет как особенности вольт-амперных характеристик, так и особенности частотных вольт-ваттных характеристик, в частности гауссов резонанс. При учете и использовании локальных термоэдс возможно как кардинальное повышение кпд термоэлектрического преобразования, так и улучшение рабочих параметров элементов микроэлектроники. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44643.29
Термоэлектрический преобразователь с рекордными параметрами на основе углеродных наноструктур: разработка научных основ
Authors: Эйдельман Е.Д.
Published: June 2017

Новая идея состоит в использовании для повышения коэффициента термоэдс эффекта увлечения электронов потоком тепла, а для уменьшения коэффициента теплопроводности --- рассеяния тепла на границах, разделяющих графитоподобные и алмазоподобные области в композите, созданном из углеродных наноструктур. Предлагаемая структура термоэлектрического преобразователя содержит в качестве основного элемента тонкий (20-50 нм) слой графитоподобной области, находящейся на рекордно малом расстоянии от алмазоподобной области. Оценки показывают, что термоэдс может быть в 103 раз больше, чем при диффузионных процессах. В идеальных условиях это позволяет достичь величины термоэлектрической эффективности 150 при комнатной температуре. Представлены обоснования работ по гранту N 16-19-00075 Российского научного фонда. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44649.35
Оптимизация составной охлаждающей ветви
Authors: Драбкин И.А.
Published: June 2017

Предложен способ расчета составной охлаждающей термоэлектрической ветви в одномерном приближении методом тепловых балансов с эффективными значениями термоэлектрических параметров: электропроводности sigma, коэффициента термоэдс alpha и теплопроводности kappa. Данный метод позволяет точно учесть температурные зависимости sigma, alpha, kappa. Влияние контактных сопротивлений на результирующую эффективность также учитывается точно. Показан способ перехода от расчета ветви к расчету термоэлемента. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44651.37