bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression Analysis of Heavy-Chain-Only Antibodies in Cloudy Catshark and Japanese Bullhead Shark
Authors: Uemura Reo , Tanimura Susumu , Yamaguchi Nao , Kuroiwa Ryuichi , Andrés Tsutsumi Gabriel Takashi , Fujikawa Toshiaki , Soyano Kiyoshi , Takeda Kohsuke , Tanaka Yoshimasa
Published: January 2025

Heavy chain-only antibodies in sharks are called immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNAR), consisting of one variable region (VNAR) and five constant regions (C1-C5). The variable region of IgNAR can be expressed as a monomer composed of a single domain, which has antigen specificity and is thus gaining attention as a next-generation antibody drug modality. In this study, we analyzed IgNAR of the cloudy catshark and Japanese bullhead shark, small demersal sharks available in the coastal waters of Japan. By analyzing the IgNAR gene sequence and comparing it with the constant regions of five other known shark species, high homology was observed in the C4 region. Consequently, we expressed the recombinant protein of the C4 domain from the cloudy catshark in E. coli, immunized rats, and produced antibodies. The obtained antiserum and mAbs recognized the C4 recombinant protein of the cloudy catshark, but reacted minimally with the plasma of non-immunized cloudy catsharks and instead reacted with the plasma of Japanese bullhead sharks. The results of this study imply that the protein expression levels of IgNAR in cloudy catsharks may be relatively lower compared to those in Japanese bullhead sharks, however, this interpretation remains to be determined through further studies.
Structure of a Sulfated Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium Cobetia marina KMM 1449 and a Genomic Insight into Its Biosynthesis
Authors: Kokoulin Maxim S. , Savicheva Yulia V. , Filshtein Alina P. , Romanenko Ludmila A. , Isaeva Marina P.
Published: January 2025

Some marine and extremophilic microorganisms are capable of synthesizing sulfated polysaccharides with a unique structure. A number of studies indicate significant biological properties of individual sulfated polysaccharides, such as antiproliferative activity, which makes them a promising area for further research. In this study, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was obtained from the bacterium Cobetia marina KMM 1449, isolated from a marine sediment sample collected along the shore of the Sea of Japan. The CPS was isolated by saline solution, purified by a series of chromatographic procedures, and studied by chemical methods along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following new structure of the CPS from C. marina KMM 1449 was established and consisted of sulfated and simultaneously phosphorylated disaccharide repeating units: →4)-α-L-Rhap2S-(1→3)-β-D-Manp6PGro-(1→. To elucidate the genetic basis of the CPS biosynthesis, the whole genomic sequence of C. marina KMM 1449 was obtained. The CPS biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of about 70 genes composes four regions encoding nucleotide sugar biosynthesis (dTDP-Rha and GDP-Man), assembly (GTs genes), translocation (ABC transporter genes), sulfation (PAPS biosynthesis and sulfotransferase genes) and lipid carrier biosynthesis (wcb operon). Comparative analysis of the CPS BGCs from available Cobetia genomes showed the presence of KMM 1449-like CPS BGC among strains of all three Cobetia species. The study of new natural sulfated polysaccharides, as well as the elucidation of the pathways of their biosynthesis, provides the basis for the development of potential anticancer drugs.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Tibial-Sided Osteotomy for Fibula Untethering in Lateral Close-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Novel Technique with Video Illustration
Authors: Choi Keun Young , Kim Man Soo , In Yong
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Despite its advantages, lateral close-wedge high tibial osteotomy (LCWHTO) requires proximal tibiofibular joint detachment (PTFJD) or fibular shaft osteotomy for gap closing. These fibula untethering procedures are technically demanding and not free from the risk of neurovascular injuries. Our novel fibula untethering technique, tibial-sided osteotomy (TSO) near the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ), aims to reduce technical demands and the risk of injury to the peroneal nerve and popliteal neurovascular structures. The purposes of this study were to introduce the TSO technique and compare the complexity and safety of TSO with those of radiographic virtual PTFJD, which is defined based on radiographic landmarks representing the traditional PTFJD technique. Materials and Methods: Between March and December 2023, 13 patients who underwent LCWHTO with TSO for fibula untethering were enrolled. All patients underwent MRI preoperatively and CT scanning postoperatively. The location of the TSO site on the postoperative CT scans was matched to preoperative MRI to measure the shortest distance to the peroneal nerve and popliteal artery. These values were compared with estimates of the distance between the PTFJ and neurovascular structures in the radiographic virtual PTFJD group. The protective effect of the popliteus muscle was evaluated by extending the osteotomy direction toward the posterior compartment of the knee. Results: The TSO procedure was straightforward and reproducible without producing incomplete gap closure during LCWHTO. On axial images, the distances between the surgical plane and the peroneal nerve or popliteal artery were significantly longer in the TSO group than in the radiographic virtual PTFJD group (both p = 0.001). On coronal and axial MRI, the popliteus muscle covered the posterior osteotomy plane in all patients undergoing TSO but did not cover the PTFJD plane in the radiographic virtual PTFJD group. Conclusions: Our novel TSO technique for fibula untethering during LCWHTO is reproducible and reduces the risk of neurovascular injury by placing the separation site more medially than in the PTFJD procedure.
A Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Varicella-Zoster Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Luzius Tatjana , Jeske Samuel D. , Baer Julia , Goelnitz Uta , Protzer Ulrike , Wettengel Jochen M.
Published: January 2025

Viral meningitis poses a significant clinical challenge due to its rapid onset and potential progression to life-threatening encephalitis. Early detection of treatable viral pathogens such as Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is essential for initiating appropriate therapies. However, multiplex PCRs for the rapid and simultaneous detection of these pathogens are scarce due to the complex PCR design and the elaborate validation process using cerebrospinal fluid samples. In this study, we established and validated a novel multiplex PCR assay for detecting HSV, CMV, and VZV in cerebrospinal fluid samples and implemented the assay on a fully automated platform.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pqs Quorum Sensing Mediates Interaction with Mycobacterium abscessus In Vitro
Authors: Long Yun , Li Zhi , Li Menglu , Lu Peiyi , Deng Yujia , Wu Pengyao , Li Xue , Qin Gangjian , Huang Jiamin , Gao Wenying , Li Guobao , Jia Tianyuan , Yang Liang
Published: January 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium abscessus are opportunistic pathogens that cause severe infections in hospitals, and their co-infections are increasingly reported. The interspecies interactions between these two bacterial species and their potential impacts on infections are largely unexplored. In this study, we first demonstrated that P. aeruginosa inhibits the growth of M. abscessus by iron chelating via pqs quorum sensing. Next, through proteomic analysis, we discovered that the PQS molecule significantly changed a large amount of protein expression in M. abscessus, including proteins involved in the type VII secretion system and iron homeostasis. Furthermore, we revealed that PQS significantly enhanced the production of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) by M. abscessus. Our study suggests that the P. aeruginosa PQS can serve as an interspecies signaling molecule to communicate with Mycobacterium and affect their physiology and virulence.
Monitoring and Prevention Strategies for Iron and Aluminum Pollutants in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Evidence from Xiaomixi Stream in Qinling Mountains
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Yang Min , Chen Huaqing , Cai Zongming , Fu Weishun , Zhang Xin , Sun Fangqiang , Li Yangquan
Published: January 2025

Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated during the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources poses a severe environmental problem globally within the mining industry. The Xiaomixi Stream in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province, is a primary tributary of the Han River, which is surrounded by historically concentrated mining areas for stone coal and vanadium ores. Rainwater erosion of abandoned mine tunnels and waste rock piles has led to the leaching of acidic substances and heavy metals, which then enter the Haoping River and its tributaries through surface runoff. This results in acidic water, posing a significant threat to the water quality of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route within the Han River basin. According to this study’s investigation, Xiaomixi’s acidic water exhibits yellow and white precipitates upstream and downstream of the river, respectively. These precipitates stem from the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals and aluminum-bearing minerals. The precipitation process is controlled by factors such as the pH and temperature, exhibiting seasonal variations. Taking the Xiaomixi Stream in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province, as the study area, this paper conducts field investigations, systematic sampling of water bodies and river sediments, testing for iron and aluminum pollutants in water, and micro-area observations using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) on sediments, along with analyzing the iron and aluminum content. The deposition is analyzed using handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzers, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and visible–near-infrared spectroscopy data, and a geochemical model is established using PHREEQC software. This paper summarizes the migration and transformation mechanisms of iron and aluminum pollutants in acidic water and proposes appropriate prevention and control measures.
Synthesis and Advanced NMR Characterization of Ordered 3D Reticular Materials with PolySilicate Nodes and Hydrophobic OrganoSilicone Linkers
Authors: Jamoul Jelle , Radhakrishnan Sambhu , Houlleberghs Maarten , Chandran C. Vinod , Vits Aline , Weckx Pasquinel , Smet Sam , Arenas Esteban Daniel , Bals Sara , Martens Johan A. , Breynaert Eric
Published: January 2025

This work describes the synthesis of ordered 3D siloxane-silsesquioxane reticular materials with silicate D4R cubes (Si8O208−), harvested from a sacrificial tetrabutylammonium cyclosilicate hydrate (TBA-CySH) precursor, interlinked with octyl and dicyclopentyl (Cp2) hydrocarbon functionalities in a one-step synthesis with organodichlorosilanes. Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy allowed us to unravel the molecular order of the nodes and their interconnection by the silicone linkers. In the case of octyl-methyl silicone linkers, changing the silane-to-silicate ratio in the synthesis allowed for tuning the length of the linker between the nodes. With dicyclopentyl linkers, the addition of dimethyldichlorosilane was essential to enable the formation of a reticular network. The resulting materials contained mixed, dimeric silicone linkers, i.e., Si8-O-Si(Me2)-O-Si(Cp2)-O-Si8.
Numerical Simulations of Single-Step Holographic Interferometry for Split-Ring Metamaterial Fabrication
Authors: Qi Zhiming , Liang Wenyao
Published: January 2025

Artificial microstructures, especially metamaterials, have garnered increasing attention in numerous applications due to their rich and distinctive properties. Starting from the principle of multi-beam interference, we have theoretically devised a beam configuration consisting of six symmetrically distributed coherent beams to generate two-dimensional microstructures with diverse shapes of unitcells under different polarization combinations. In particular, a split-ring metamaterial template is achieved with two adjacent circularly and four linearly polarized beams with such single-step holographic interferometry. Furthermore, simulation results show that the orientation and shape of the split-ring unitcell can be accurately adjusted by controlling the polarization position, polarization degree, or power ratio of the coherent beams. The optimal parameters to produce a high-quality split-ring metamaterial with a contrast higher than 0.97 are obtained. These results provide useful guidance for the effective and low-cost fabrication of metamaterials with diverse unitcells.
A High-Fat Diet Induces Epigenetic 1-Carbon Metabolism, Homocystinuria, and Renal-Dependent HFpEF
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic gut dysbiosis due to a high-fat diet (HFD) instigates cardiac remodeling and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), in particular, kidney/volume-dependent HFpEF. Studies report that although mitochondrial ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) supports cardiac function, it decreases more in human HFpEF than HFrEF. Interestingly, ACLY synthesizes lipids and creates hyperlipidemia. Epigenetically, ACLY acetylates histone. The mechanism(s) are largely unknown. Methods/Results: One hypothesis is that an HFD induces epigenetic folate 1-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and homocystinuria. This abrogates dipping in sleep-time blood pressure and causes hypertension and morning heart attacks. We observed that probiotics/lactobacillus utilize fat/lipids post-biotically, increasing mitochondrial bioenergetics and attenuating HFpEF. We suggest novel and paradigm-shift epigenetic mitochondrial sulfur trans-sulfuration pathways that selectively target HFD-induced HFpEF. Previous studies from our laboratory, using a single-cell analysis, revealed an increase in the transporter (SLC25A) of s-adenosine–methionine (SAM) during elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy, i.e., homocystinuria, HHcy), a consequence of impaired epigenetic recycling of Hcy back to methionine due to an increase in the FOCM methylation of H3K4, K9, H4K20, and gene writer (DNMT) and decrease in eraser (TET/FTO). Hcy is transported to mitochondria by SLC7A for clearance via sulfur metabolomic trans-sulfuration by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (3MST). Conclusions: We conclude that gut dysbiosis due to HFD disrupts rhythmic epigenetic memory via FOCM and increases in DNMT1 and creates homocystinuria, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial trans-sulfuration and bioenergetics. The treatment with lactobacillus metabolites fat/lipids post-biotically and bi-directionally produces folic acid and lactone–ketone body that mitigates the HFD-induced mitochondrial remodeling and HFpEF.
The Impact of Social Media on Eating Disorder Risk and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Psychosocial Analysis in Individuals Aged 16–25
Authors: Jaruga-Sękowska Sylwia , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Woźniak-Holecka Joanna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Eating disorders (EDs) result from complex interactions of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors, disproportionately affecting adolescents and young adults. Social media, peer pressure, and self-esteem issues contribute to ED prevalence. This study examines ED risk, eating behaviors, and self-esteem among individuals aged 16–25, exploring differences by gender, age, and social media usage. Methods: A total of 261 participants (113 high school students, 115 college students, 33 working individuals) completed the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) between April and June 2024. This study utilized the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and My Eating Habits (MEH) questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and linear regression, assessed associations between ED risk, self-esteem, and social media activity. Results: ED risk was identified in 47% (n = 123) of participants, with the highest prevalence in high school students (56.6%, n = 64). Significant gender differences were observed (p < 0.001), with males in the high school group showing elevated ED risk (64%, n = 32). Body dissatisfaction and frequent social media comparisons increased ED risk (p < 0.001); 45.7% (n = 102) of participants who often compared their bodies online reported heightened risk. Photo manipulation correlated with higher ED risk (p = 0.005). Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between ED risk and restrictive dieting (estimate = 0.9239; p < 0.001), while self-esteem had no significant effect (estimate = 0.00503, p = 0.977). Conclusions: This study highlights high ED risk driven by social media and body dissatisfaction. Interventions should focus on body image issues, self-acceptance, and media literacy. This study focused on a specific age group (16–25) in Poland, which may limit the ability to generalize the results to other demographic or cultural groups. Future research should include more diverse populations and objective measurements.
Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity—State of the Art: A Five-Year Narrative Review
Authors: Manza Francesca , Lungaro Lisa , Costanzini Anna , Caputo Fabio , Carroccio Antonio , Mansueto Pasquale , Seidita Aurelio , Raju Suneil A. , Volta Umberto , De Giorgio Roberto , Sanders David S. , Caio Giacomo
Published: January 2025

Background: Non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) is a syndrome for which pathogenesis and management remain debated. It is described as a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms rapidly occurring after gluten ingestion in subjects who have had celiac disease or wheat allergy excluded. To date, the diagnosis of NCGWS is challenging as no universally recognized biomarkers have been yet identified, nor has a predisposing genetic profile been described. However, the research is moving fast, and new data regarding pathogenic pathways, patients’ classification, potential candidate biomarkers, and dietary interventions are emerging. Methods: This literature review aims to address the state of the art and summarize the latest updates in this field from 2019 to date. Results and Conclusions: Clinical studies regarding NCGWS in the last five years are reported to shed light on this complex condition and to guide specialists towards a more in-depth, prompt, and objective diagnosis.
λ ∼ 4.7 μm Quantum Cascade Distributed-Feedback Lasers for Free-Space Communications
Authors: Turville-Heitz Morgan , Marsland Robert , Ryu Jae Ha , Jacobs Steven A. , Kirch Jeremy D. , Earles Tom , Ruder Steven , Oresick Kevin , Knipfer Benjamin , Botez Dan , Mawst Luke J.
Published: January 2025

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have emerged as promising candidate sources for free-space communications. High optical power densities, short photon lifetimes, and low internal capacitance are important factors influencing the transmission bandwidth. We report the design and fabrication of 4.7 μm emitting, 1.5 mm cavity length, single-mode distributed-feedback QCLs, with a CW front-facet output power of 165 mW and a calculated photon lifetime of 11.6 ps, resulting in an electrically limited CW modulation with a 3 dB cutoff at 850 MHz.
Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Apulia
Authors: Carlucci Mariangela , Savoia Michele Antonio , Lucchese Pompea Gabriella , Fanelli Valentina , Mascio Isabella , Aurelio Francesco Luigi , Miazzi Monica Marilena , Pacifico Andrea , Montemurro Cinzia , Nigro Franco
Published: January 2025

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), a quarantine pathogen in the European Union, severely threatens Mediterranean olive production, especially in southern Italy, where Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has devastated Apulian olive groves. This study addresses the urgent need to identify resistant olive genotypes by monitoring 16 potentially tolerant genotypes over six years, assessing symptom severity and bacterial load. These genotypes, which survived in heavily infected areas, showed varied responses to Xfp; some maintained low symptom severity with minimal bacterial presence (high or undetectable Cq values), while others exhibited increased bacterial loads yet remained asymptomatic or showed limited canopy desiccation. SSR markers were used to investigate the genetic relationships among these genotypes and other widespread Mediterranean cultivars, showing genetic similarity with the resistant ones such as the Albanian Kalinjot and the Greek Leucocarpa, as well as with local Apulian cultivars, highlighting the potential of local and Mediterranean olive germplasm for Xfp resistance. This study integrates phenotypic responses with genetic knowledge to support the development of conservation strategies that will enhance the genetic diversity of Apulian olive cultivars. In addition, by focusing on the resilience of the different olive genotypes, this research aims to protect the traditional cultivars from the emerging threats, thus preserving the ecological and cultural heritage of the olive biodiversity of the Mediterranean region.
Structure of Plant Populations in Constructed Wetlands and Their Ability for Water Purification
Authors: Yu Junshuang , Xian Ling , Liu Fan
Published: January 2025

In constructed wetlands (CWs) with multiple plant communities, population structure may change over time and these variations may ultimately influence water quality. However, in CWs with multiple plant communities, it is still unclear how population structure may change over time and how these variations ultimately influence water quality. Here, we established a CW featuring multiple plant species within a polder to investigate the variation in plant population structure and wastewater treatment effect for drainage water over the course of one year. Our results showed that the total species decreased from 52 to 36; however, 20 established species with different ecological types (emerged or submerged) remained with the same functional assembly for nutrient absorption, accounting for 94.69% of relative richness at the initial stage and 91.37% at the last state. The Shannon index showed no significant differences among the initial, middle, and last states. Meanwhile, regarding nutrient content, the total phosphorus (TP) concentration decreased by 57.66% at the middle stage and by 56.76% at the last state. Total nitrogen (TN) decreased by 50.86% and 49.30%, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased by 36.83% and 38.47%, while chlorophyll a (Chla) decreased by 72.36% and 78.54%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results indicated that none of the selected environmental variables significantly affected the species community except for conductivity. Our findings suggest that when utilizing multiple species for CWs, it is essential to focus on the well-established species within the plant community. By maintaining these well-established species, water purification in CWs can be sustained.
Jurassic Osmundaceous Landscapes in Patagonia: Exploring the Concept of Ecological Stasis in the Deseado Massif, Argentina
Authors: García Massini Juan L. , Nunes Giovanni C. , Yañez Agustina , Escapa Ignacio H. , Guido Diego
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report the presence of a plant paleocommunity, dominated by ferns of the family Osmundaceae, structurally preserved from the only known Mesozoic, fossiliferous geothermal deposits, from the La Matilde Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic) in the Deseado Massif of Southern Patagonia, Argentina. A total of 13 siliceous chert blocks sampled in an area of approximately 250 m2, preserving a monotypic assemblage dominated by Osmundaceae embedded within its original swampy substrate, are documented. Additional Osmundaceae and fewer ferns and conifers are present in the stratigraphically continuous, adjacent chert levels. This association is comparable to those dominated by Osmundaceae in modern swampy settings, such as in high-altitude lagoons in the Paraná Forest in Northeastern Argentina. In addition, a diverse community of mutualistic, parasitic, and saprotrophic microorganisms associated with the ferns and conifers in the assemblage is present. These compositional, paleoenvironmental, and trophic characteristics of the Jurassic Osmundaceae suggest a possible case of ecological stasis, where Osmundaceae-dominated plant communities apparently persisted in swamps of comparable structures, functions, and physical characteristics for over 150 million years. This suggests that Osmundaceae formed similar communities in compatible settings in the Jurassic, becoming preserved in analogous configurations.
Shock Waves in Ion-Beam-Depleted Spin-Polarized Quantum Plasma with Ionic Pressure Anisotropy
Authors: Deka Manoj K. , Pradhan Balaram , Dev Apul N. , Mahanta Deepsikha , Manafian Jalil , Mahmoud Khaled H.
Published: January 2025

In this study, the effects of pressure anisotropy and viscosity on the propagation of shock waves in spin-polarized degenerate quantum magnetoplasma are studied under the influence of the streaming energy of ion beams. The effects of different suitable plasma parameters on the shock wave’s potential profile are studied using the steady state solution of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers (Z–K–B) equation, as well as the numerical simulation of the governing non-linear Z–K–B equation. First-order analysis of the non-linear wave propagation depicted a new beam-induced stable mode whose Mach number may be subsonic or supersonic depending on the anisotropic pressure combination in the presence of different spin density polarization ratios. This is the first observation of this new beam-induced stable mode in ion beam plasma, apart from the other existing modes of ion beam plasma systems, namely, the fast beam mode, the slow beam mode, the inherent ion acoustic mode, and the coupled mode, which also has unique propagation characteristics compared to the other modes. The spin density polarization ratio of spin-up and spin-down electrons have an unprecedented effect on the polarity and the direction of propagation of different shock wave modes in such plasma systems. Apart from the spin effect, anisotropic pressure combinations, as well as the viscosity of ions and ion beams, also play an outstanding role in controlling the nature of propagation of shock waves, especially in the newly detected beam-induced stable mode, and depending on the viscosity parameters of ions and ion beams, both oscillatory and monotonic shock waves can propagate in such plasma.
Platformization in Tourism: Typology of Business Models, Evolution of Market Concentration and European Regulation Responses
Authors: Turnšek Maja , Radivojević Vladimir
Published: January 2025

The paper serves to discuss the evolution of platform business models in tourism, the dynamics of market concentration, and regulatory interventions. We present the historical timeline of digitalization in tourism distribution models, starting from the Global Distribution Systems (GDS), and continuing with Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) and their market concentration in the duopoly of Expedia Group versus Booking Holdings Group. We continue to discuss the slow, yet uncertain, breaking of the global duopoly in the travel platforms market. On the one hand, the duopoly is challenged from the “bottom up”, where Airbnb is the most successful example, riding on the wave of popularity of the ideals of the “sharing economy” and the aftermaths of the 2008 global financial crisis. On the other hand, the duopoly is challenged from the “top down”—the most powerful digital players have started to extend their operations to tourism. The second section of the paper identifies three current areas of platformization in tourism operations—distribution, promotion and HRM. We analyze available industry and public statistics indicators in Europe for each of the three dimensions. Finally, we discuss the regulatory responses to the market concentration of travel distribution platforms. Although the challenge of market concentration is a global issue, and the threats are the same in many countries, we limit the discussion of regulation to the European context. In conclusion we discuss the possibilities of future development, and point to the threat of the further acceleration and interconnection of platformization and market concentration in the travel business.
Enhanced Dielectric Performance in PVDF-Based Composites by Introducing a Transition Interface
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Li Kun , Liu Xiaoxu , Li Yanpeng , Yin Jinghua , Hong Lu , Qin Qibing
Published: January 2025

Polymeric dielectrics have garnered significant interest worldwide due to their excellent comprehensive performance. However, developing polymeric dielectric films with high permittivity (εr) and breakdown strength (Eb) and low dielectric loss (tanδ) presents a huge challenge. In this study, amorphous aluminum oxide (Al2O3, AO) transition interfaces with nanoscale thickness were constructed between titanium oxide (TiO2, TO) nanosheets and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to manufacture composites (PVDF/TO@AO). TO@AO nanosheets showed favorable dispersion in the polymer-based composites. Improved permittivity, suppressed dielectric loss, and enhanced breakdown strength were achieved by introducing AO coating with intermediate permittivity onto TO nanosheets to build a transition interface. The transition interface efficiently depressed the mobility of the charge carrier and electric conduction of the PVDF/TO@AO composites. As a result, the PVDF-based composite with 1 wt% TO@AO showed superior comprehensive performance, including high εr of ~12.7, low tanδ of ~0.017, and exceptional Eb of ~357 kV/mm. This strategy supplies a novel paradigm for the application of fabricating dielectric films with excellent comprehensive performance.
Did God Cause the World by an Act of Free Will, According to Aristotle? A Reading Based on Thomistic Insights
Authors: Casanova Carlos A.
Published: January 2025

As a contribution to the reflection on whether classic Greek philosophy gave priority either to Necessity and the Fatum or to freedom, this paper endeavors to prove three theses: (1) according to Aristotle, God caused the being of the world by an act of His will; (2) such an act of divine will was free and not necessary; (3) however, such causation is subject to the necessity of supposition. In order to do this, the paper delves into the interpretation of many passages contained in the Physics, the Metaphysics, De anima, Nicomachean Ethics, Eudemian Ethics as well as Politics, Topika, De generatione et corruptione, De coelo and De partibus animalium. This interpretation benefits from Aquinas’ acute analysis. In such passages, Aristotle holds that (1) God’s causal power must be exercised not in proportion to the magnitude of divine power, but to the requirements of the effect; (2) such a way of acting is similar to human power; (3) nature is subject to teleology because it is caused by an intellectual power; (4) God is the highest intelligible and the highest good, totally autarchic; and (5) just as the highest intelligible is simultaneously also intellect, so too is the highest good simultaneously also will.
Navigating Complexity in Pediatric NMOSD: Unusual Symptoms and Adverse Reactions: A Case Report
Authors: Vladâcenco Oana-Aurelia , Perjoc Radu-Ștefan , Roza Eugenia , Teleanu Raluca Ioana
Published: January 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies and a high relapse rate. We provide information about the diagnosis, unusual symptoms, and treatment of a paediatric patient with NMOSD. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl was hospitalized for weakness and paraesthesia of the lower limbs (LL). The patient underwent detailed investigations and was diagnosed with NMOSD and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Initial treatment with methylprednisolone and prednisone yielded a favourable response. Therapy with mycophenolate was initiated. However, the patient experienced two more relapses, prompting the use of rituximab therapy with a favourable outcome and a two-year relapse-free follow-up period. Conclusions: Patients with NMOSD may have multisystemic inflammation, including organs outside the central nervous system. Our case report highlights a case of NMOSD, pulmonary involvement, and unusual adverse reactions to rituximab.
A Regional Gravimetric and Hybrid Geoid Model in Northern Greece from Dedicated Gravity Campaigns
Authors: Vergos Georgios S. , Natsiopoulos Dimitrios A. , Mamagiannou Elisavet G. , Tzanou Eleni A. , Triantafyllou Anastasia I. , Tziavos Ilias N. , Ramnalis Dimitrios , Polychronos Vassilios
Published: January 2025

The determination of physical heights is of key importance for a wide spectrum of geoscientific applications and, in particular, for engineering projects. The main scope of the present work is focused on the determination of a high-accuracy and high-resolution gravimetric and hybrid geoid model, to determine orthometric heights without the need of conventional leveling. Both historical and newly acquired gravity data have been collected during dedicated gravity campaigns, around the location of a dedicated GNSS network as well as areas where the existing land gravity database presented voids. Geoid determination was based on the classical remove–compute–restore (RCR) technique and spectral and stochastic approaches. The low frequencies have been modeled based on the XGM2019e global geopotential model (GGM) and the topographic effects have been evaluated with the residual terrain model (RTM) reduction. The evaluation of the final geoid model was performed over 462 GNSS/leveling benchmarks (BMs), where the newly determined gravimetric geoid has shown an improvement of 3.1 cm, in the std of the differences to the GNSS/leveling BMs, compared to the latest national geoid model. A deterministic and stochastic fit to the GNSS/leveling data has been performed, investigating various choices for the parametric models and analytical covariance functions. The scope was to determine a hybrid geoid model, tailored to the area and GNSS/leveling data, which will be the one used for the direct estimation of high-accuracy orthometric heights from GNSS observations. After the deterministic fit, a std to the GNSS/leveling data of 10.1 cm has been achieved, with 54.8% and 83.1% of the absolute height differences being below the 1 cm and 2 cm per square root km of baseline length. The final hybrid geoid model, i.e., after the stochastic treatment of the adjusted residuals, gave a std of the difference to the GNSS/leveling data of 1.1 cm, with 99.8% and 99.9% of the height difference being smaller than the 1 cm and 2 cm standard errors, thus achieving a 1 cm accuracy regional geoid.
Radiation-Induced Wavelength Shifts in Fiber Bragg Gratings Exposed to Gamma Rays and Neutrons in a Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Berkovic G. , Zilberman S. , London Y. , Rosenfeld M. , Shafir E. , Ozeri O. , Ben-Meir K. , Krakovich A. , Makmal T.
Published: January 2025

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed by UV light and different femtosecond laser techniques (phase mask, point-by-point, and plane-by-plane) were exposed—in several irradiation cycles—to accumulated high doses of gamma rays (up to 124 MGy) and neutron fluence (8.7 × 1018/cm2) in a research-grade nuclear reactor. The FBG peak wavelengths were measured continuously in order to monitor radiation-induced shifts. Gratings inscribed on pure silica core fibers using near-IR femtosecond pulses through a phase mask showed the smallest shifts (<30 pm), indicating that these FBGs are suitable for temperature measurement even under extreme ionizing radiation. In contrast, the pointwise inscribed femtosecond gratings and a UV-inscribed grating showed maximal shifts of around 100 pm and 400 pm, respectively. Radiation-induced red shifts are believed to arise from gamma radiation damage, which may partially recover after irradiation is stopped. At the highest neutron exposures, grating peak blue shifts started to appear, apparently due to fiber compaction.
Dual-Modal Approach for Ship Detection: Fusing Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Satellite Imagery
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , El-Sheimy Naser , Leung Henry
Published: January 2025

The fusion of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical satellite imagery poses significant challenges for ship detection due to the distinct characteristics and noise profiles of each modality. Optical imagery provides high-resolution information but struggles in adverse weather and low-light conditions, reducing its reliability for maritime applications. In contrast, SAR imagery excels in these scenarios but is prone to noise and clutter, complicating vessel detection. Existing research on SAR and optical image fusion often fails to effectively leverage their complementary strengths, resulting in suboptimal detection outcomes. This research presents a novel fusion framework designed to enhance ship detection by integrating SAR and optical imagery. This framework incorporates a detection system for optical images that utilizes Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) in combination with the YOLOv7 model to improve accuracy and processing speed. For SAR images, a customized Detection Transformer model, SAR-EDT, integrates advanced denoising algorithms and optimized pooling configurations. A fusion module evaluates the overlaps of detected bounding boxes based on intersection over union (IoU) metrics. Fused detections are generated by averaging confidence scores and recalculating bounding box dimensions, followed by robust postprocessing to eliminate duplicates. The proposed framework significantly improves ship detection accuracy across various scenarios.
Piezoresistive Cantilever Microprobe with Integrated Actuator for Contact Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ma Tianran , Fahrbach Michael , Peiner Erwin
Published: January 2025

A novel piezoresistive cantilever microprobe (PCM) with an integrated electrothermal or piezoelectric actuator has been designed to replace current commercial PCMs, which require external actuators to perform contact-resonance imaging (CRI) of workpieces and avoid unwanted “forest of peaks” observed at large travel speed in the millimeter-per-second range. Initially, a PCM with integrated resistors for electrothermal actuation (ETA) was designed, built, and tested. Here, the ETA can be performed with a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge, which converts mechanical strain into electrical signals by boron diffusion in order to simplify the production process. Moreover, a new substrate contact has been added in the new design for an AC voltage supply for the Wheatstone bridge to reduce parasitic signal influence via the EAM (Electromechanical Amplitude Modulation) in our homemade CRI system. Measurements on a bulk Al sample show the expected force dependence of the CR frequency. Meanwhile, fitting of the measured contact-resonance spectra was applied based on a Fano-type line shape to reveal the material-specific signature of a single harmonic resonator. However, noise is greatly increased with the bending mode and contact force increasing on viscoelastic samples. Then, to avoid unspecific peaks remaining in the spectra of soft samples, cantilevers with integrated piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) were designed. The numbers and positions of the actuators were optimized for specific CR vibration modes using analytical modeling of the cantilever bending based on the transfer-matrix method and Hertzian contact mechanics. To confirm the design of the PCM with a PEA, finite element analysis (FEA) of CR probing of a sample with a Young’s modulus of 10 GPa was performed. Close agreement was achieved by Fano-type line shape fitting of amplitude and phase of the first four vertical bending modes of the cantilever. As an important structure of the PCM with a PEA, the piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge had to have suitable doping parameters adapted to the boundary conditions of the manufacturing process of the newly designed PCM.
The Assessment of the Potential of Russian Grain Trade in Asian and African Countries: A Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Khmeleva Galina Anatolievna , Kurnikova Marina Viktorovna , Kandrashina Elena Alexandrovna , Guseva Maria Sergeevna
Published: January 2025

This study examines the potential of grain trade within the context of global commerce, highlighting its role as a primary component of the worldwide agricultural market and a crucial factor in ensuring global food security and price stability. To achieve the research objectives, we utilized panel data from Russia, a leading player in the grain market, and employed a gravity model along with Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) to analyze the impact of demand factors and the economic openness of importing countries, as well as the effects of distance, sea access, borders, language, trade unions, and tariffs on exports. Our research challenges the notion that an increase in the wealth of countries leads to a corresponding rise in trade between them. In the case of grain, evidence indicates a negative contribution of GDP per capita in importing countries. The gravity model and PPML enabled us to assess individual country effects and quantitatively evaluate the potential for increasing Russian grain exports to Asian and African nations. We propose recommendations for enhancing domestic grain production and improving the effectiveness of marketing strategies in countries with underutilized export potential.
Understanding Innovation and Sustainability in Digital Organizations: A Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: Schork Sabrina , Özdemir-Kaluk Dilan , Zerey Cudi
Published: January 2025

In recent years, organizations have increasingly turned to digital transformation (D) to drive innovation (I) and sustainability (S). However, the rapid growth of studies on this topic, particularly since 2019, has made it challenging to clearly define these concepts, operationalize their constructs, and understand their positive organizational impacts. This article addresses these gaps through a systematic literature review (SLR) that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study begins with a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 3099 articles published between 2010 and 2023 in the Scopus database containing the terms “digital,” “innovation,” and “sustainability” (or “sustainable”). It then covers a detailed qualitative review of 20 high-quality articles from VHB-JOURQUAL-C-ranked journals or higher. By employing an inductive–deductive approach, the authors identify consistent and conflicting definitions, diverse constructs for each D-I-S concept, and numerous positive organizational effects. This article provides a structured overview of existing D-I-S definitions and introduces a model to distinguish environmental, organizational, and solution levels. Additionally, it presents a visual framework of the direct and mediated positive effects of D-I-S in organizations. Overall, these insights underscore the critical role of digital transformation in advancing innovation and sustainability, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners alike.
Heavy Metal and Antimicrobial Residue Levels in Various Types of Digestate from Biogas Plants—A Review
Authors: Czatzkowska Małgorzata , Rolbiecki Damian , Korzeniewska Ewa , Harnisz Monika
Published: January 2025

Global population growth generates problems relating to increasing demand for sustainable energy and waste treatment. Proper solid waste management promotes material reuse, maximizes recovery and reduces anthropological pressure on natural resources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an alternative method of stabilizing organic substrates and generating biogas as a source of environmentally friendly energy. In addition, digestate is not only a waste product of that process but also a renewable resource with many potential applications. The circular economy concept encourages the use of digestate as a source of nutrients that promotes plant growth and improves soil properties. However, the stabilized substrates often contain various contaminants, including heavy metals (HMs) and antibiotics that are also detected in digestate. Therefore, the agricultural use of digestate obtained by AD could increase the pool of these pollutants in soil and water environments and contribute to their circulation in these ecosystems. Moreover, digestate may also increase the co-selection of genes determining resistance to HMs and antibiotics in environmental microorganisms. This article comprehensively reviews published data on the residues of various HMs and antimicrobial substances in different digestates around the world and maps the scope of the problem. Moreover, the potential risk of residual levels of these contaminants in digestate has also been evaluated. The review highlights the lack of legal standards regulating the concentrations of drugs introduced into the soil with digestate. The results of the ecological risk assessment indicate that the presence of medically important antimicrobials in digestate products, especially those used in agriculture, should be limited.
The Influence of Trade, Technology and Economic Growth on Environmental Sustainability in the Gulf Cooperation Countries—New Evidence with the MMQR Method
Authors: Salim Omar Salim Ali , Khalifa Wagdi M. S. , Kareem Ponle H.
Published: January 2025

The Gulf Cooperation Countries are rich in natural resources such as oil, yet they have serious environmental problems. These countries are also located in regions where there is abundance of sunshine, yet are not capitalizing on the use of solar energy—a clean source of fuel. They heavily rely on fossil fuels that are cheap and readily available in the region, causing serious environmental problems. This research investigates the role of trade, technology, and economic growth in improving environmental sustainability in this region; hence, covering the gap existing in the literature on how this region can address the problem of environmental sustainability. This research uses annual data of the Gulf Cooperation Countries for the period 1990 to 2022 and analyses it with the Methods of Moments Quantile Regression. The major findings presented in the research show the importance of technological innovations in ensuring the eradication of environmental deterioration. Technological innovation is observed to reduce environmental problems by 1.94 to 3.11 magnitude. The results also show that trade openness and natural resources rents fundamentally lower environmental deterioration in the long term by 0.02, and 0.05 to 0.09 magnitudes, respectively. However, the results show that economic growth, globalization, and financial development are harmful to environmental sustainability in this region. These factors tend to raise environmental damage by 0.14 to 0.24, 0.34 to 0.43, and 9.2 to 5.74 units on average, respectively. This research gives key policies towards advancing environmental sustainability through trade openness, natural resources rents, and technological innovation in the Gulf Cooperation Countries.