bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of periprosthetic fracture of the femur in 32 644 primary total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Watts C. D. , Houdek M. T. , Lewallen D. G. , Berry D. J.
Published: April 2016

Aim and Methods

The goals of this study were to define the risk factors, nature, chronology, and treatment strategies adopted for periprosthetic femoral fractures in 32 644 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Results

There were 564 intra-operative fractures (1.7%); 529 during uncemented stem placement (3.0%) and 35 during cemented stem placement (0.23%). Intra-operative fractures were more common in females and patients over 65 years (p < 0.001). The majority occurred during placement of the femoral component (60%), and involved the calcar (69%). There were 557 post-operative fractures (20-year probability: 3.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2 to 3.9); 335 fractures after placement of an uncemented stem (20-year probability: 7.7%; 95% CI 6.2 to 9.1) and 222 after placement of a cemented stem (20-year probability: 2.1%; 95% CI 1.8 to 2.5). The probability of a post-operative fracture within 30 days after an uncemented stem was ten times higher than a cemented stem. The most common post-operative fracture type was a Vancouver AG (32%; n = 135), with 67% occurring after a fall. In all, 36% (n = 152) were treated with revision arthroplasty.

Conclusion

In summary, intra-operative fractures occur 14 times more often with uncemented stems. Female patients over 65 years of age are at highest risk. Post-operative fractures are also most common with uncemented stems, but are independent of age or gender. Cumulative risk of post-operative periprosthetic femur fracture was 3.5% at 20 years. Take home message: Intra-operative fractures occur 14 times more often with uncemented stems, particularly with female patients over 65 years of age, while post-operative fracture risk is independent of age or gender, but still increased with uncemented stems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:461–7.
Epidemiology of periprosthetic femoral fractures in 5417 revision total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Houdek M. T. , Watts C. D. , Lewallen D. G. , Berry D. J.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The goals of this study were to define the risk factors, characteristics, and chronology of fractures in 5417 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Patients and Methods

From our hospital’s prospectively collected database we identified all patients who had undergone a revision THA between 1969 and 2011 which involved the femoral stem. The patients’ medical records and radiographs were examined and the relevant data extracted. Post-operative periprosthetic fractures were classified using the Vancouver system. A total of 5417 revision THAs were identified.

Results

There were 668 intra-operative fractures, giving an incidence of 12%. Fractures were three times more common with uncemented stems (19%) than with cemented stems (6%) (p <  0.001). The incidence of intra-operative femoral fracture varied by uncemented stem type: fully-coated (20%); proximally-coated (19%); modular fluted tapered (16%) (p < 0.05). Most fractures occurred during the insertion of the femoral component (35%). One-third involved the diaphysis and 26% were of the calcar: 69% were undisplaced. There were 281 post-operative fractures of the femur (20-year probability = 11%). There was no difference in risk for cemented and uncemented stems. Post-operative fractures were more common in men < 70 years (p = 0.02). Periprosthetic fractures occurred earlier after uncemented revision of the femoral component, but later after a cemented revision. The most common fracture type was a Vancouver B1(31%). Of all post-operative fractures, 24% underwent open reduction and internal fixation and 15% revision arthroplasty.

Conclusion

In revision THA, intra-operative fractures occurred three times more often with an uncemented stem. Many were undisplaced diaphyseal fractures treated with cerclage fixation. While the risk of post-operative fracture is similar between uncemented and cemented components, they occur at notably different times depending on the type of stem fixation. Take home message: In revision THA, intra-operative periprosthetic femoral fractures occur three times more often with uncemented stems. Many are non-displaced diaphyseal fractures treated with cerclage fixation. While postoperative fracture risks are equivalent between uncemented and cemented components, they occur at notably different time periods based on stem fixation type. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:468–74.
Stem cells in dentistry – A new era on the horizon?
Authors: Kushnerev Evgeny , Yates Julian M
Published: April 2016

Have you ever thought that root canal treatment or tooth extraction could be a reversible procedure? Can you imagine the possibility of regenerating tooth pulp or even whole teeth? Researchers are trying to find ways to make this possible and, along with new advances in stem cell research, this is leading to rapid developments in regenerative dentistry and medicine. In the not-too-distant future, clinicians could potentially use stem cell therapy to treat caries or bone loss. But what about the source of suitable stem cells? Fortunately, there is one particular source to consider – dental pulp stem cells. The possibility of cryopreserving exfoliated deciduous teeth or extirpated pulp tissue for use in non-conservative dental procedures would be a major breakthrough. Using a patients’ own cryopreserved pulpal stem cells to regenerate dental or alveolar tissues: pulp fiction or reality?
A tale of two dentures
Authors: Knott Nigel
Published: April 2016

While many dentists and their patients have gained enormous benefits from the digital revolution that is transforming our daily lives, the benefits in surgery may not be quite so obvious. Yet. We are nevertheless on the threshold of a dramatic manufacturing revolution in which digitised technology and additive manufacturing have the potential to transform prosthodontics in general and the lives of toothless patients in particular.
Persecution complex: I am getting one over electronic patient records!
Authors: Misra S , Dyer F , Sandler Professor P
Published: April 2016

The electronic patient record (EPR) is a core organisational document in which integrated health and social care records and secondary care processes can be stored. EPR was the brain child of the NHS’ National Programme for Information Technology, under the Blair government. 1 Since then, attempts have been made to install EPR in secondary care – a typical example being the installation of specialist imaging systems in hospital trusts. 2 The primary aim of EPR was to make the NHS services efficient via digitised patient records that could be viewed, discussed and transferred electronically between clinicians and/or trusts. 1 , 3 Other anticipated uses of EPR were to provide easy patient access to services such as e-referrals and e-prescriptions, as well as appointment systems. 3 , 4 Here, we discuss EPR and information technology in plain language, and assess the impact of EPR on NHS secondary care orthodontic services.
Bringing a smile to rural Africa
Authors: Gill Parmilan
Published: April 2016

Rates of dental decay are on the increase in Africa largely due to the lack of safe drinking water, a problem that is compounded by a dearth of emergency dental care. Bridge2Aid is a UK-based charity that attempts to fill the gap in dental care by providing dentist and dental nurse volunteers to train local healthcare officers. Here, the vital work performed by the charity in Tanzania is described, alongside personal stories that underline the importance of providing care to remote communities.
A New Hilbert-type integral inequality with a non-homogeneous kernel and its extension
Authors: Wu Weiliang
Published: April 2016

By introducing some parameters , using the weight function and the technique of real analysis, a new  Hilbert-type integral inequality with a non-homogeneous kernel as \(\frac{1}{|1-axy|^{\lambda_2}}(a\geq1)\) and its equivalent form are established. As application, the constant factor on the plane is the best value and its extension form with some parameters is also considered.
Living the Eleventh Thesis
Authors: Levins Richard
Published: April 2016

When I was a boy I always assumed that I would grow up to be both a scientist and a Red. Rather than face a problem of combining activism and scholarship, I would have had a very difficult time trying to separate them.… Before I could read, my grandfather read to me from Bad Bishop Brown's Science and History for Girls and Boys. My grandfather believed that at a minimum every socialist worker should be familiar with cosmology, evolution, and history. I never separated history, in which we are active participants, from science, the finding out how things are. My family had broken with organized religion five generations back, but my father sat me down for Bible study every Friday evening because it was an important part of the surrounding culture and important to many people, a fascinating account of how ideas develop in changing conditions, and because every atheist should know it as well as believers do.… On my first day of primary school, my grandmother urged me to learn everything they could teach me—but not to believe it all. She was all too aware of the "racial science" of 1930s Germany and the justifications for eugenics and male supremacy that were popular in our own country. Her attitude came from her knowledge of the uses of science for power and profit and from a worker's generic distrust of the rulers. Her advice formed my stance in academic life: consciously in, but not of, the university.

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Why theory matters: An examination of contemporary learning time reforms
Authors: DiGiacomo Daniela K. , Prudhomme Joshua J. , Jones Hannah R. , Welner Kevin G. , Kirshner Ben
Published: April 2016

This article explores the contemporary policy reform push to extend and expand learning time in schools. In light of the potential and continued prominence of learning time reforms in today’s national educational landscape, this article makes visible the ways in which theory matters for the near- and long-term success of equity-focused educational reforms. Using the recent enactment of learning time reforms in Colorado as an illustration, and the zone of mediation framework as a conceptual lens, this article demonstrates how such reforms are likely to be weakened and undermined without strong theoretical grounding.
Female murderers: Examination of the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and anger expression
Authors: Akduman İrem , Çelik Dilek , Tiftik Nurhan
Published: April 2016

Adverse childhood period and abuse experiences may lead to some problems later in life. One of these problems is aggressive behavior, which is thought to be a reflection of the child’s increasing anger (Page, 2004; Olive, 2007).  Based on the fact that negative childhood experiences can lead to aggressive emotions, investigating the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and female convicts’ aggression expression styles was considered important.Sample of the research consists of 77 females who are homicide convicts selected from correctional institutes in three different cities. Data gathered from the participants were examined by using the Turkish versions of The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and The State-Trait Anger Scale.A positive and meaningful relationship between childhood trauma experiences and trait anger levels of participants was observed. In addition, there was a significant relationship between childhood trauma experiences and domestic violence as well as perceived problematic relationship with family members during childhood. Trait anger and internal anger were also found to be significantly related to perceived problematic relationship with family members during childhood.   Results of the analyses were discussed in detail.
Would You Like a Map?
Authors: Davidson Lindy Grief
Published: April 2016

Parents of seriously ill children struggle to traverse both the physical and emotional spaces of hospitals. Off the Map, a performance born out of an ethnographic research project and personal experience, employs a digital map to explore the institutional guidance offered to parents of hospitalized children. In this article, the script from Off the Map is integrated with text from a classroom discussion about the performance, ethnographic interviews with parents of seriously ill children, and a theoretically-grounded discussion of cartography as a performance metaphor. Implications for practice include a call for parents and practitioners to consider multiple ways of mapping healthcare spaces and experiences.
Applying (Com)passion in the Academy
Authors: Blinne Kristen C.
Published: April 2016

In this short essay, I start with the question: What is the cost of caring in the academy? I explore this by considering how we, as academics, can continue this conversation by daring to care about our own and others' work, and by not silencing but compassionately supporting each other's voices and passions regarding our work and lives.
Beyond Drama: Monteverdi, Marino, and the Sixth Book of Madrigals (1614)
Authors: Carter Tim
Published: April 2016

Monteverdi's Il sesto libro de madrigali a cinque voci (1614) is often viewed as an outlier in his secular output. His Fourth and Fifth Books (1603, 1605) were firmly embroiled in the controversy with Artusi over the seconda pratica, while his Seventh (1619) sees him shifting style in favor of the new trends that were starting to dominate music in early seventeenth-century Italy: the Sixth Book falls between the cracks. But it also suffers—in modern eyes, at least—for the fact that it reflects the composer's first encounters with the poetry of Giambattista Marino, marking what many see as the start of a fundamental reorientation, if not downward spiral, in his secular vocal music. The problems are exposed by one of the Marino settings in the Sixth Book, “Batto, qui pianse Ergasto: ecco la riva,” in which an unnamed speaker tells Batto how Ergasto has been abandoned by Clori. The text has often been misunderstood. Uncovering the sources for the story—and the literary identities of Batto, Ergasto, and Clori—forces a new reading of the poetry and more particularly of Monteverdi's music. It also answers some profound questions in terms of how best to address issues of narration and representation, and of diegesis and mimesis, in this complex repertory.
Comparación de los Niveles de Hormonas Tiroideas por Sexo en Caninos Adultos
Authors: Osorio José Henry , Suárez Yirly Johanna
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer valores de referencia para las concentraciones séricas de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) y tetrayodotironina libre (T4L) en caninos adultos de la zona de Caldas, Colombia y las posibles diferencias atribuidas al sexo. Las muestras de sangre se recolectaron de 78 caninos enteros (40 hembras y 38 machos mayores de un año), en ayunas, y se determinaron los niveles de TSH y T4L mediante inmunoensayo enzimático con kits comerciales. Los valores de TSH para las hembras fueron de 0.53 ± 0.96 μUI/ml (rango de 0.02 a 4.54) y para los machos de 0.36 ± 0.27 μUI/ml (0.02 a 0.91). Los valores de T4L para las hembras fueron de 1.08 ± 0.40 ng/dl (0.52 a 2.09) y para los machos de 1.07 ± 0.39 ng/dl (0.5 a 2.18). No hubo diferencia estadística entre sexos para TSH y T4L.
Fecundidad de Mylossoma duriventre (Palometa) en Ucayali durante el Ciclo Reproductivo 2011-2012
Authors: Zaldívar E. Javier , Riofrío Q. José Carlos
Published: April 2016

Mylossoma duriventre "palometa" es un pez de la familia Characidae, explotado comercialmente para consumo humano directo en la región de Ucayali, Perú. El objetivo del estudio fue ampliar los conocimientos reproductivos de la especie estimando su fecundidad. Se recolectaron 49 ejemplares en estadio IV y V de madurez que fueron desembarcados en el puerto de Pucallpa durante el ciclo reproductivo 2011-2012. Se registró la longitud (LT) y peso (PT) total de cada pez, así como el peso de las gonadas (PGón). Se tomaron submuestras de las gónadas para el conteo de los ovocitos y determinación de la fecundidad, aplicando la ecuación de regresión lineal simple F=a+bx, donde F = fecundidad, x = longitud total, peso total o peso del ovario, y a y b son los coeficientes de la regresión (a = intercepto, b = tasa de incremento de la fecundidad con respecto a las variables de análisis). La fecundidad absoluta media se estimó en 68 280 ovocitos, que corresponde a una talla media de 21.3 cm de LT (rango de 10 749 a 134 665 ovocitos en ejemplares con tallas de 18.5 a 28.0 cm). La mejor correlación al analizar las regresiones entre el número de ovocitos con la LT, PT y PGón fue con esta última, siendo la ecuación N.° de ovocitos = 1618.1 PGon + 11735 (r2 = 0.7917; p<0.05).
Valores Hematológicos y Lesiones Anatomopatológicas en Gallinas White Leghorn Afectadas por la Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica
Authors: Colas C. Manuel , Grandía G. Raiden , Merino G. Nelson , Burgher P. Yaima , Báez A. Michel , Espinosa C. Ivette , López R. José
Published: April 2016

La enfermedad respiratoria crónica (ERC) es considerada como una de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas de etiología múltiple que ocasiona grandes pérdidas económicas en la avicultura. Las manifestaciones clínicas y lesiones pueden ser muy severas cuando ocurren infecciones mixtas. Este complejo respiratorio ha estado presente en Cuba; sin embargo, no se conoce cómo varían los valores hematológicos en aves afectadas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos y las lesiones anatomopatológicas en gallinas White Leghorn afectadas por la ERC. Se muestrearon 34 animales de 32 semanas de edad dentro de un foco activo (17 afectados y 17 clínicamente sanos) para la exploración clínica, necropsia, aislamiento e identificación de bacterias, y evaluación hematológica. Se compararon frecuencias de microorganismos y lesiones presentes, así como las medias de las variables hematológicas entre aves enfermas y sanas. Se evidenció la presencia de Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycoplasma gallisepticum y Escherichia coli solos o en infección mixta (5.9-35.3%). Se observaron lesiones predominantes (p<0.05) como la traqueítis catarral (76.5%), atrofia genital (52.9%), aerosaculitis (47.1%), rinoconjuntivitis fibrinosa y alteraciones hepáticas (41.2%), entre otras. El análisis hematológico evidenció menores valores de hemoglobina (8.9 g/dl), hematocrito (29.7%) y leucocitos totales (9.9×103/mm3) con incremento de heterófilos (18.2%) en animales enfermos en comparación con los sanos. Se concluye que en las aves afectadas por la ERC predominan las lesiones respiratorias y se afectan los valores hematológicos.
Lesiones Histopatológicas y Aislamiento Bacteriológico en Gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum) Aparentemente Sanas
Authors: Ramos E. Fernando , Sandoval C. Nieves , Morales C. Siever , Contreras S. Guadalupe , Manchego S. Alberto
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar lesiones histopatológicas y aislar agentes infecciosos en órganos y tejidos de gamitanas (Colossoma macropomum) aparentemente sanas. Se colectaron 40 especímenes juveniles en una piscigranja de la zona de Ucayali, Perú. Se tomaron muestras de hígado, bazo, riñón, estómago, branquias y músculo para análisis histopatológico y de los cinco primeros para análisis bacteriológico. En el hígado se encontró degeneración hidrópica (39/40), en el riñón se observó degeneración hidrópica y necrosis tubular (40/40), con incremento de centros melanomacrófagos en la periferia de los túbulos, en el estómago se observó degeneración hialina en las células de la mucosa (25/40), y en las branquias se observó infiltración de células inflamatorias en filamento branquial (40/40), hiperplasia del epitelio interlaminar (40/40) e hiperplasia del filamento branquial (18/40). No se encontraron lesiones en bazo. Se encontraron parásitos mixosporidios en branquias (2/40), riñón (40/40) y músculo (12/40) y parásitos monogeneos en branquias (6/40). Se aislaron, en baja frecuencia, bacterias potencialmente patógenas (Aeromonas hydrophila y Edwardsiella tarda) en branquias y órganos internos, pero sin relación con las lesiones histopatológicas.
Fotoperiodo y Ontogenia Inicial de Peces Migratorios en Brasil con Énfasis en Sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus)
Authors: Hernández Cuadrado Ever Edrey , Solis Murgas Luis David , Buitrago Cardozo Michael de Jesús
Published: April 2016

El estudio de los aspectos reproductivos y de la ontogenia de los peces migradores es de gran importancia en piscicultura, especialmente cuando se trata de especies nativas, resaltándose los patrones de crecimiento y desarrollo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue hacer una compilación del conocimiento actual de la ontogenia de sábalo, Prochilodus lineatus, en las fases de embrión y larva, bajo ambientes fóticos variables y desde la perspectiva de la capacidad adaptativa del fenotipo. Además, se revisaron casos de otras especies bajo cultivo o con potencial productivo. Así, la utilización de los cambios en los regímenes de luz y oscuridad han permitido acelerar o retrasar la reproducción y las tasas de crecimiento, así como el desarrollo embrionario y larval en peces. No obstante, los datos se encuentran dispersos y en algunos casos existen vacíos de información sobre estas fases en muchas especies de peces oriundos de Brasil que migran para el desove, entre ellas el sábalo. En esta compilación se resalta la acción moduladora de algunos factores ambientales como el fotoperiodo, que pueden ser manipulados para mejorar la producción de sábalo en las etapas iniciales de su ciclo de vida. Por la naturaleza de estos factores, los esfuerzos deberán ser abordados desde la perspectiva de la adaptación o plasticidad fenotípica del modelo biológico estudiado.
Patógenos Involucrados en Casos Fatales de Diarrea en Crías de Alpaca de la Sierra Central del Perú
Authors: Lucas L. Juan R. , Morales C. Siever , Barrios A. Manuel , Rodríguez G. José , Vásquez C. María , Lira M. Boris , Torres L. Bernardo , Casas A. Eva , Espinoza B. Juan
Published: April 2016

Se evaluó la presencia de enteropatógenos en 60 crías de alpacas de 1 a 2.5 meses de edad con cuadros mortales de diarrea de las regiones de Pasco y Junín, Perú. Se tomaron muestras de heces para determinar la frecuencia de Escherichia coli y Salmonella sp mediante microbiología convencional, de parásitos gastrointestinales por las técnicas de sedimentación y flotación, y de Criptosporidium sp mediante la técnica de Ziehl Neelsen Modificado. Además, se evidenció la presencia de antígenos virales con la ayuda de un kit comercial de inmunocromatografía. Se identificó E. coli (80%), coronavirus (53.3%), Eimeria sp (43.3%), Nematodirus sp (40%), rotavirus (36.6%), Criptosporidium sp (20%) y Salmonella sp (18.3%). Asimismo, se determinó que el 38.3% de los animales presentó los tres tipos de patógenos, mientras que el 23.3% presentó asociación de bacterias y parásitos, y el 11.7% presentó asociación de virus y bacterias.
Evaluación in vitro de Cordyceps bassiana (Ascomycota: Sordariomycetes) en el Control Biológico de Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: García-Corredor Diego José , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Iván , Pulido-Medellín Martín Orlando , Díaz-Anaya Adriana María , Andrade-Becerra Roy José
Published: April 2016

En el presente estudio se evaluó la eficacia in vitro de Cordyceps bassiana en el control biológico de la fase adulta de Rhipicephalus microplus. Se aplicó la técnica de inmersión de garrapatas adultas en una solución con la cepa BbF2011 de C. bassiana en concentraciones de 1x104, 1x106 y 1x108 conidias/ml (30 garrapatas por tratamiento). Las garrapatas tratadas a una concentración de 1x108 conidias/ml alcanzaron el 100% de mortalidad al día 15 postratamiento (PT), mientras que las concentraciones 1x106 y 1x104 conidias/ml lo obtuvieron en los días 18 y 21 PT, respectivamente (p<0.05). La mortalidad fue directamente proporcional a la concentración de C. bassiana. Asimismo, las garrapatas en la concentración de 1x108 conidias/ml presentaron una menor postura de huevos y porcentaje de eclosión de larvas que los tratamientos con 1x106 y 1x104 conidias/ml (p<0.05). La efectividad presentada por C. bassiana sobre R. microplus abre la opción a un nuevo método de control biológico.
Impact of Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Urban Children Hospitalized for Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Aragona Elena , El-Magbri Eussra , Wang Justin , Scheckelhoff Tessa , Scheckelhoff Trevor , Hyacinthe Assata , Nair Suja , Khan Amina , Nino Gustavo , Pillai Dinesh K.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The prevalence of both childhood asthma and obesity remain at historically high levels and disproportionately affect urban children. Asthma is a common and costly cause for pediatric hospitalization. Our objective was to determine the effect of obesity on outcomes among urban children hospitalized with status asthmaticus.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study was performed by using billing system data and chart review to evaluate urban children admitted for asthma. Demographics, asthma severity, reported comorbidities, and outcomes were assessed. Obesity was defined by BMI percentile (lean <85%, overweight 85%–95%, obese ≥95%). Outcomes were length of stay, hospitalization charges, ICU stay, repeat admissions, and subsequent emergency department (ED) visits. Bivariate analysis assessed for differences between overweight/obese and lean children. Multivariable regression assessed the relationship between overweight status and primary outcomes while controlling for other variables. Post hoc age-stratified analysis was also performed.

RESULTS:

The study included 333 subjects; 38% were overweight/obese. Overweight/obese children admitted with asthma were more likely than lean children to have subsequent ED visits (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.0–2.6). When stratified by age, overweight/obese preschool-age children (<5 years) were >2 times as likely to have repeat ED visits than lean preschool-age children (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0–5.6). There were no differences in the other outcomes between overweight/obese and lean individuals within the entire cohort or within other age groups.
A Meta-analysis of the Rates of Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus in Febrile Infants
Authors: Leazer Rianna , Perkins Amy M. , Shomaker Kyrie , Fine Bryan
Published: April 2016

CONTEXT:

A change in the epidemiology of pathogens causing serious bacterial infection (SBI) has been noted since original recommendations were made for the empirical antibiotic choices for young infants with fever.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the prevalence of SBI caused by Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus species.

DATA SOURCES:

A literature search was conducted on keywords related to SBI, L. monocytogenes, and Enterococcus spp. infections.

STUDY SELECTION:

Eligible studies were those conducted in the United States and published between January 1998 and June 2014 focusing on SBI in infants ≤90 days of age.

DATA EXTRACTION:

The rates of urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and meningitis for each pathogen were recorded for each study. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the prevalence for each pathogen in a random effects model with 0.5 continuity correction added to studies with zero events.

RESULTS:

Sixteen studies were included. A total of 20 703 blood cultures were included, with weighted prevalences for L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. bacteremia of 0.03% and 0.09%, respectively. A total of 13 775 cerebrospinal fluid cultures were included with event rates (unweighted prevalences) for L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. meningitis of 0.02% and 0.03%, respectively. A total of 18 283 urine cultures were included, with no cases of L. monocytogenes and a weighted prevalence for Enterococcus spp. urinary tract infection of 0.28%.

LIMITATIONS:

There may have been reporting bias or incomplete retrieval or inadvertent exclusion of relevant studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

SBI caused by L. monocytogenes and Enterococcus spp. in febrile infants is rare, and therefore clinicians may consider a change in empirical antibiotic choices.
The Impact of Reduced Pulse Oximetry Use on Alarm Frequency
Authors: Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Brady Patrick W. , Sucharew Heidi , Huang Guixia , Hofacer Kelsey E. , Simmons Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Concerns about alarm fatigue prompted The Joint Commission to issue a Sentinel Event Alert urging hospitals to minimize alarms. We previously conducted a quality improvement project on a single unit that reduced time on continuous pulse oximetry, a common source of physiologic monitor alarms, for patients with wheezing (ie, asthma and bronchiolitis, wheezing-associated respiratory infections).

OBJECTIVE:

To study the impact of our improvement work on overall physiologic monitor alarm frequency for these patients.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study at a freestanding children’s hospital over an 8-week period. We compared alarm count, including respiratory, cardiac, and pulse oximetry alarms, for patients admitted to the intervention unit with the alarm count for similar patients on a control unit by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate differences in alarm count between the units, adjusting for age, medical comorbidity, and length of stay.

RESULTS:

There were 101 patients on the intervention unit and 46 patients on the control unit. The percentage of patients with medical comorbidities was significantly higher on the intervention unit (P = .01). Median alarm count per day for patients on the intervention unit was lower; however, this difference was not statistically significant (71 vs 76 alarms per patient-day, P = .29). The multivariable model estimated a nonsignificant 6.4-count decrease in alarms for patients on the intervention unit.

CONCLUSIONS:

Reducing continuous pulse oximetry use alone may not make substantial reductions in overall alarm counts. Even on our intervention unit, alarm burden remained quite high.
Feeding honey-bee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica Poll.) and detection of honey adulteration
Authors: Kandolf Borovšak A. , Ogrinc N. , Lilek N. , Korošec M.
Published: April 2016

Honey is a valued substance that has excellent nutritional value. However, it is a vulnerable product, with the possibility of adulteration at each stage of its production and processing, in terms of direct and indirect adulteration. The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding of honey-bee colonies with honey-bee candy results in honey adulteration. The physicochemical properties of honey samples were determined, and the ability to discriminate between authentic and adulterated honey was studied. The physicochemical properties evaluated were water and hydroxymethylfurfural content, electrical conductivity, pH value, acidity, foreign enzymes, and stable isotopes. Sensory and melissopalynological analysis were also performed on 39 honey samples. β-fructofuranosidase activity, δ13C (honey), difference between the δ13C of the honey and of its protein (i.e. Δδ13C) were identified as the most important to discriminate between authentic and adulterated honey samples. The results of the study indicate that honey-bee feeding practices might have an influence on honey and its adulteration.
Chemical and antioxidant properties of functional compounds extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii by subcritical water
Authors: Xu H. , Xu M. , Yuan F. , Gao Y.
Published: April 2016

Extracts from lo-han-kuo (Siraitia grosvenorii) are of high sweetness and low calories, and they have been widely used as a natural sweetener to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes. In the current study, lo-han-kuo extracts were extracted using subcritical water under different operation condition. The study revealed that the optimal extracting parameters were: extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 140 °C, and the addition of 15% ethanol. Antioxidant activity, contents of total flavonoids, and total phenolic compounds of lo-han-kuo extracts were also investigated. A mathematical model was established to describe the relationship between antioxidant capacity and content of bioactive components in lo-han-kuo extract, and it was found that antioxidant capacity of the extracts was mainly attributed to the yields of total mogrosides (P<0.05).
Effect of washing cycles on the quality of surimi-like material obtained from mechanically deboned chicken meat
Authors: Cortez-Vega W. , Fonseca G. , Zanette B. , Prentice C.
Published: April 2016

The appropriate number of washing cycles for obtaining most of the surimi-like materials is not well defined in literature. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the number of washing cycles (one, two, or four) on the quality of surimi-like material obtained from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) using the bleaching method with sodium bicarbonate. The product was evaluated based on its chemical and physical characteristics. The chemical compositions of samples showed an increase in protein (45.7 to 89.9%, dry basis) and decrease in fat (49.1 to 7.0%, dry basis) contents, while the moisture content increased from 69.5 to 79.1% after four washing cycles. Washing diminished yield. Gel prepared with MDCM washed once showed the lowest gel strength (507.1 g.cm). It thereafter increased to 546.0 and 602.7 g.cm after double and quadruple washings, respectively. Higher content of myofibrillar proteins and higher whiteness were also obtained after successive washings. It was concluded that four washing cycles was the most appropriate method for producing surimi-like material from MDCM.
The tomb of Queen Gertrude
Authors: Takács Imre
Published: April 2016

The burial site and fragments of the tomb of Queen Gertrude of Andechs-Meran, first wife of King Andrew II (1205–1235) and a victim of assassination in 1213, were discovered during the excavations carried out in the Cistercian church of Pilis between 1967 and 1982. Her tomb was found along the central axis of the church, in the crossing. The present study, which includes the complete catalogue of the known fragments, attempts to establish the typology, iconography, and stylistic context of the artwork. New reconstructions are proposed for the two short sides of the sarcophagus-shaped tomb, which each bore distinct forms: one contained a wide, shallow niche, while the other depicted two standing figures under a double arcade. The figural ornaments on the sides of the tomb and the gisant with angels on the lid occupy an important place in the history of funerary art. In fact, the tomb displays one of the first examples of this type of decoration. The seated figures on the side relief probably represent the choir of saints in heaven, who provided companionship for the soul of the deceased queen. Gertrude herself is represented not only on top of the tomb, but also appears as a donor in one of the reliefs.

Stylistic analysis of the figures proves that their master came from the workshop responsible for the Last Judgment and Callixtus portals of the cathedral of Reims. He must have left the workshop around 1220, before the portals were completed and installed in the façade of the northern transept. At about this time, Villard de Honnecourt also embarked on his travels that took him from Reims to Hungary. The style of Gertrude’s tomb bears similarities to the Villard’s drawings, even if we do not wish to attribute the sculptures to him. A team of masons from Reims also arrived in Pannonhalma during this time frame and worked on the abbey church there. Their most important work in Pannonhalma is the southern portal of the new church, the Porta Speciosa. The complicated nature of these construction histories reminds us of the need for caution when attributing one work of art to one person.

Both Gertrude’s tomb and the Porta Speciosa are prime examples of the cultural and artistic period that began in the late 12th century, when the Kingdom of Hungary was a leader in the region in the reception of French Gothic.
Miklós Erdély: A Hunger for Montage (1966)
Authors: Timár Katalin
Published: April 2016

Miklós Erdély, one of the most important Hungarian artists after World War II, did not only produce experimental films, but within the framework of his manifold activities wrote an important theoretical essay about montage already in the mid-1960s. The paper discusses this essay’s ramifications with ideas of montage and filmic language (a semiotics of film?) and also Erdély’s theoretical stance in the face of this artistic means, as a crucial and historical strategic tool against cinematic illusionism. This implicitly raises the semiotic question of the basic meaning making unit of film and the limited instrumentality of the linguistic metaphor’s extension to the area of the moving images. In the essay, however, Erdély dismisses the political and critical potentialities of montage, formulated by the Russian film-maker Sergei Eisenstein and the German philosopher Walter Benjamin. It seems that this blind spot is the result of the political circumstances of the time that made impossible for Erdély to make theoretical claims either about the promotion of the proletarian revolution (Eisenstein), or the critique of the commodity fetish (Benjamin).
Resurgence and rejection: Lajos Kassák’s self-financed exhibition in Fényes Adolf Showroom, Budapest
Authors: Sasvári Edit
Published: April 2016

Lajos Kassák’s exhibition in the Fényes Adolf Showroom in 1967 was to be the last exhibition during the lifetime of that emblematic figure of the historic avant-garde in Hungary. It also serves as a window into the emergence of self-financed exhibitions at that time. There were two mutually contradictory phenomena connected with Kassák and his art in the Sixties: resurgence and rejection. Mounting demands for Kassák’s art to be put on show were set against the banishment of such exhibitions to the periphery. Kassák fought hard for acceptance as a painter. The contradictions typified by this simultaneous resurgence and rejection beset all kinds of intellectual accomplishment in the Kádár era, and more accurately characterize the period than the — nowadays somewhat worn-out – concept of ‘prohibition.’

After 1956, the cultural authorities’ relations with artists and cultural intellectuals were decidedly cold. After reaching a low point in 1957, cultural relations began to improve in the 1960s through a process that may be most simply described as a gradual widening of dialogue or attempts at dialogue, with both the authorities and those involved in cultural life putting out feelers to each other at varying levels of intensity. They sought a broader set of partners, on one side in the hope of a more rewarding pursuit of culture, and on the other in hope of justification. This process continued to unfold until the events of 1968, after which it stagnated and began to deteriorate. Set against this simple schema, Kassák’s exhibition in 1967 took place as optimistic dialogue was reaching its peak. But even in that brightest phase of compromise-seeking between the system and the cultural sphere, there was to be no prestigious, publicly-funded life’s-work exhibition for Kassák; only a modest, ‘off-site’ self-financed show in the Fényes Adolf Showroom.

This period saw an extension of the ‘tolerated art’ category. The regime could not — or did not want to — maintain its division into friends and enemies. By the end of the period, the passively-tolerated category had completely displaced the active, judgemental thrust of cultural policy and with the emergence of the self-financing exhibition system it became firmly established.
Possibility of discovery: Jana Želibská in the art of the Sixties
Authors: Stach Lucia Gregorová
Published: April 2016

The text deals with the work of Jana Želibská (1941 Olomouc) — flanêuse in the 1960s and the priestess of the Great Mother (Nature) in the 1970s. Želibská took a central position among male protagonists of neo-avant-garde in Slovakia. Her approach has been labeled ‘latent feminism’ because no real feminist platform existed during socialism in Slovakia. Želibská used the language of pop art and New Realism and their iconography mixed with the local folklore motifs in a quite different way. Pop art and New Realism entered the oeuvre of many artists simultaneously with experiments in conceptual art (Stano Filko, Peter Bartoš, Július Koller, Jana Želibská). After 1968, Želibská shifted the focus of her activities to land as an open structure outside of official supervision. Želibská made several statements regarding experiencing the magic of the present moment and experience with landscape through concepts and events that emphasized connection with nature. Photography helped her to work with continuity and causality in photo-sequences of situations and events. The path through ‘rooms of her own’ and other spatial concepts from the female labyrinth to the architecture of the temple in the 1960s, through changing open structures outdoors in her concept and land art in the 1970s, photography in 1980s, reached installation and video in the 1990s. Installations in the 1980s were built mainly on the artist’s experience with and in nature, or on the typical postmodernist contrast of the urban and natural. Puberty and virginity, which interested her in the land art events in 1970s, appeared again in her video art in a monumental demonstration of ‘girl power.’ In 1997 Želibská took the position behind the camera, shooting a naked male body without identity and face in the video installation Her View of Him. Thus she completed her shift from the ‘girl power’ of the 1960s and early 1970s agenda to fully articulated ‘woman power’.
The Sixties in the Sixties: Unfulfilled love on the grounds of the agricultural circle
Authors: Radomska Magdalena
Published: April 2016

The focal point of the text is the historical and cultural perspective on the Sixties in Poland. The decade in arts is diagnosed as not isolated from its context, therefore the Sixties, which have been forced in between the seemingly coherent decades of the Fifties and the Seventies — ‘official’ and ‘unofficial’ art — are reinstated into their own context — the Sixties. Thus the text approaches the art created during the decade from a historical viewpoint, offering analysis of works of art connected with social and political phenomenon such as the Vietnam War, the death of Ernesto Che Guevara, Non-Proliferation Treaty, Cold War, nuclear warfare, moon landing, etc — threads that run parallel in all domains of culture.

The argument is constituted from some alternative caesurae of the decade — between the competition for the Auschwitz monument in 1958 and the antisemitic purge initiated by the infamous speech of Gomułka delivered in March of 1968. Caesura seized by the discourse on the reappropriation of realism — taken over by the official propaganda of the totalitarian regime — seems to be established with two paintings — And the Queue Goes on by Andrzej Wróblewski from 1956 and And the Queue Still Goes on (for Andrzej Wróblewski) by Zbylut Grzywacz from 1973. The attempt of Polish artists to regain access to realism and/as the language of proletariat appears as crucial for understanding the culture of the Sixties as the ‘unfulfilled love on the grounds of the agricultural circle’ — as the decade reveals both its connection points and footholds with the sociopolitical reality — its visual and language patterns.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in People Applying for Medical Certificates
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Pulido-Montoya Rosa Angélica , Acosta-Rojas Guadalupe , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , Vaquera-Enriquez Raquel , Díaz-Herrera Arturo , Segura-Moreno Raúl , Guerrero-Carbajal María de Lourdes , Liesenfeld Oliver , García Isabel Beristain , Rentería-López María Guadalupe
Published: April 2016

Medical certificates are documents that state the health status of a person. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in applicants of medical certificates and to investigate seroprevalence association with characteristics of these individuals. We examined 404 applicants in a public health center in Durango City, Mexico for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Of the 404 subjects (mean age of 35.94 ± 13.01) studied, 29 (7.2%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and 9 (31.0%) of them were also positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. IgG and IgM seropositivities were associated with vision impairment (P = 0.04) and a history of surgery (P = 0.03), respectively. Prevalence of high (>150 IU/ml) IgG antibody levels was associated with hearing impairment (P = 0.03), and histories of lymphadenopathy (P = 0.04) and miscarriages (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with being born out of Durango State (odds ratio [OR] = 4.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25– 17.29; P = 0.02) and soil contact (OR = 4.27; 95% CI: 1.71–10.67; P = 0.002) and negatively associated with consumption of sheep meat (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02–0.65; P = 0.01). These results could be used for the design of optimal preventive measures against toxoplasmosis and its sequelae.
“When the Fire Fell”
Authors: Åkerlund Truls
Published: April 2016

The study examines the leadership of Thomas Ball Barratt, described as the apostle of the Pentecostal movement in Europe, through the lenses of narrative and charismatic leadership theories. Two theses provide the backbone of the study: (1) Barratt’s experience and narration of the baptism in the Holy Spirit was foundational and formative for his and his followers’ perception of him as a leader; and (2) that Barratt’s leadership can be best described as charismatic. Methodologically, historical sources and contemporary leadership theories are consulted in order to point out elements that constituted the leadership of Barratt.
O movimento político indígena em Roraima: identidades indígenas e nacionais na fronteira Brasil-Guiana
Authors: Baines Stephen Grant
Published: April 2016

O trabalho aborda o movimento político indígena que se consolidou a partir da década de 70 do século XX, no Estado de Roraima, com o fortalecimento de identidades indígenas, focalizando, sobretudo, os Makuxi e os Wapichana. Analisa-se a interface dessas identidades com as identidades nacionais de brasileiro e guianense na fronteira internacional, que se consolidaram a partir da definição dessa fronteira em 1904. Examina-se como se sobrepõem essas identidades, e como convivem simultaneamente como identidades contextualizadas entre os povos indígenas que habitam essa região desde muito antes da imposição da fronteira internacional.
Territórios e territorialidades específicas na Amazônia: entre a "proteção" e o "protecionismo"
Authors: Almeida Alfredo Wagner Berno de
Published: April 2016

Assiste-se, atualmente, à implementação de políticas de "reorganização de espaços e territórios", o que não constitui um produto mecânico da expansão gradual das trocas, mas sim o efeito de uma ação de estado deliberadamente protecionista, voltada para a reestruturação de mercados, disciplinando a comercialização da terra e dos recursos florestais e do subsolo. este artigo demonstra como os povos e as comunidades tradicionais são pressionados pelas medidas de proteção das agencias multilaterais e pelas políticas protecionistas urdidas pelo estado.