bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nouvelles données sur la localité type et la morphométrie dentaire du campagnol de Gerbe Microtus pyrenaicus gerbei (Gerbe, 1879) (Cricetidae, Rodentia)
Authors: Rolland Pascal , Brunet-Lecomte Patrick
Published: May 2018

New data on type locality and dental morphometry of the Gerbe’s vole

Microtus pyrenaicus gerbei (Gerbe, 1879) (Cricetidae, Rodentia).

The synthesis of the historical research done on Arthur de L’Isle du Dréneuf’s life, the discoverer of the Gerbe’s vole Microtus pyrenaicus gerbei (Gerbe, 1879), and the circumstances connected with this discovery, allow to say that its type locality is the municipality of La Haie-Fouassière (Loire-Atlantique, France). The analysis of teeth found in pellets of barn owl from Pornic (Loire-Atlantique, France) has confirmed the odontometrical differentiation previously observed in M. pyrenaicus gerbei.
Chaotic Dynamics of Trans-Neptunian Objects Perturbed by Planet Nine
Authors: Hadden Sam , Li Gongjie , Payne Matthew J. , Holman Matthew J.
Published: May 2018

Observations of clustering among the orbits of the most distant trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) has inspired interest in the possibility of an undiscovered ninth planet lurking in the outskirts of the solar system. Numerical simulations by a number of authors have demonstrated that, with appropriate choices of planet mass and orbit, such a planet can maintain clustering in the orbital elements of the population of distant TNOs, similar to the observed sample. However, many aspects of the rich underlying dynamical processes induced by such a distant eccentric perturber have not been fully explored. We report the results of our investigation of the dynamics of coplanar test-particles that interact with a massive body on an circular orbit (Neptune) and a massive body on a more distant, highly eccentric orbit (the putative Planet Nine). We find that a detailed examination of our idealized simulations affords tremendous insight into the rich test-particle dynamics that are possible. In particular, we find that chaos and resonance overlap plays an important role in particles’ dynamical evolution. We develop a simple mapping model that allows us to understand, in detail, the web of overlapped mean-motion resonances explored by chaotically evolving particles. We also demonstrate that gravitational interactions with Neptune can have profound effects on the orbital evolution of particles. Our results serve as a starting point for a better understanding of the dynamical behavior observed in more complicated simulations that can be used to constrain the mass and orbit of Planet Nine.
The Origin of the Optical Flashes: The Case Study of GRB 080319B and GRB 130427A
Authors: Fraija N. , Veres P.
Published: May 2018

Correlations between optical flashes and gamma-ray emissions in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been searched in order to clarify the question of whether these emissions occur at internal and/or external shocks. Among the most powerful GRBs ever recorded are GRB 080319B and GRB 130427A, which at early phases presented bright optical flashes possibly correlated with γ-ray components. Additionally, both bursts were fortuitously located within the field of view of the TeV γ-ray Milagro and HAWC observatories, and although no statistically significant excess of counts were collected, upper limits were placed on the GeV–TeV emission. Considering the synchrotron self-Compton emission from internal shocks and requiring the GeV–TeV upper limits, we found that the optical flashes and the γ-ray components are produced by different electron populations. Analyzing the optical flashes together with the multiwavelength afterglow observation, we found that these flashes can be interpreted in the framework of the synchrotron reverse shock model when outflows have arbitrary magnetizations.
GeV Emission in the Region of HESS J1809−193 and HESS J1813−178: Is HESS J1809−193 a Proton Pevatron?
Authors: Araya Miguel
Published: May 2018

HESS J1809−193 is an unidentified TeV source discovered by the High Energy Stereoscopic System and originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidate associated with the pulsar PSR J1809−1917. However, a recent study of deep radio observations and the interstellar medium near the source has found evidence for a hadronic scenario for the gamma-rays. Here, a detailed study of the GeV emission in the region using data from the Fermi-LAT is presented. The GeV emission has an extended morphology in the region of the TeV emission and the overall spectrum can be accounted for by a cosmic-ray population having a simple power-law spectrum with energies extending up to 1 PeV. However, the spectrum at tens of TeV should be observed more deeply in the future to confirm its hadronic nature, and other scenarios involving combinations of leptonic and hadronic emission from several of the known supernova remnants in the region cannot be ruled out. The nearby TeV source HESS J1813−178, thought to be a PWN, is also studied in detail at GeV energies and we find a region of significant emission that is much more extended than the TeV emission and whose spectrum is softer than expected from a PWN but similar to those seen in several star-forming regions that are believed to accelerate protons. There is marginal evidence for a GeV point source at the location of the X-ray PWN, beside the extended emission.
X-Ray Properties of AGN in Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I. A Systematic Study of the Chandra Archive in the 0.2 < z < 0.3 and 0.55 < z < 0.75 Redshift Range
Authors: Yang Lilan , Tozzi Paolo , Yu Heng , Lusso Elisabeta , Gaspari Massimo , Gilli Roberto , Nardini Emanuele , Risaliti Guido
Published: May 2018

We present a search for nuclear X-ray emission in the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) of a sample of groups and clusters of galaxies extracted from the Chandra archive. The exquisite angular resolution of Chandra allows us to obtain robust photometry at the position of the BCG, and to firmly identify unresolved X-ray emission when present, thanks to an accurate characterization of the extended emission at the BCG position. We consider two redshift bins (0.2 < z < 0.3 and 0.55 < z < 0.75) and analyze all the clusters observed by Chandra with exposure time larger than 20 ks. Our samples have 81 BCGs in 73 clusters and 51 BCGs in 49 clusters in the low- and high-redshift bins, respectively. X-ray emission in the soft (0.5–2 keV) or hard (2–7 keV) band is detected only in 14 and 9 BCGs (∼18% of the total samples), respectively. The X-ray photometry shows that at least half of the BCGs have a high hardness ratio, compatible with significant intrinsic absorption. This is confirmed by the spectral analysis with a power-law model plus intrinsic absorption. We compute the fraction of X-ray bright BCGs above a given hard X-ray luminosity, considering only sources with positive photometry in the hard band (12/5 sources in the low/high-z sample).
Detecting Solar-like Oscillations in Red Giants with Deep Learning
Authors: Hon Marc , Stello Dennis , Zinn Joel C.
Published: May 2018

Time-resolved photometry of tens of thousands of red giant stars from space missions like Kepler and K2 has created the need for automated asteroseismic analysis methods. The first and most fundamental step in such analysis is to identify which stars show oscillations. It is critical that this step be performed with no, or little, detection bias, particularly when performing subsequent ensemble analyses that aim to compare the properties of observed stellar populations with those from galactic models. However, an efficient, automated solution to this initial detection step still has not been found, meaning that expert visual inspection of data from each star is required to obtain the highest level of detections. Hence, to mimic how an expert eye analyzes the data, we use supervised deep learning to not only detect oscillations in red giants, but also to predict the location of the frequency at maximum power, ν
max, by observing features in 2D images of power spectra. By training on Kepler data, we benchmark our deep-learning classifier against K2 data that are given detections by the expert eye, achieving a detection accuracy of 98% on K2 Campaign 6 stars and a detection accuracy of 99% on K2 Campaign 3 stars. We further find that the estimated uncertainty of our deep-learning-based ν
max predictions is about 5%. This is comparable to human-level performance using visual inspection. When examining outliers, we find that the deep-learning results are more likely to provide robust ν
max estimates than the classical model-fitting method.
Invocations antagonistes : les atmosphères condensées de l’artiste Jonathan Meese
Authors: Le Calvé Maxime
Published: May 2018

Résumé L’artiste contemporain allemand Jonathan Meese fait entrer dans ses performances des atmosphères contradictoires : il y paraît à la fois comme « dictateur » de l’art et « enfant » créateur. Les figures dont il use pour tisser son propre personnage sont empreintes de forces idéologiques antagonistes (voir Dumont). Son action peut être décrite avec les outils d’une anthropologie du rituel centrée sur la performance : la condensation observée fait émerger une « puissance d’art » prêtant à la dévotion – cette force déplace les points de vue de son public.
Tenir une promesse électorale sans la mettre en œuvre
Authors: Deront Eva , Evrard Aurélien , Persico Simon
Published: May 2018

Résumé Cet article analyse la (non-)mise en œuvre d’un engagement électoral : fermer la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim dans la durée du mandat de François Hollande. Cette étude de cas permet d’affiner l’hypothèse centrale de ce numéro spécial, selon laquelle le respect des promesses dépendrait de la capacité et des motivations des dirigeants à tenir parole, et défend deux arguments centraux. Premièrement, la nature de la promesse et les conditions de sa formulation sont déterminantes pour cerner les logiques de sa réalisation. Deuxièmement, les acteurs politiques peuvent « faire varier » leur capacité à tenir promesse. Si le pouvoir exécutif s’est rapidement trouvé face à des contraintes sectorielles qu’il n’avait pas anticipées, il a su en faire usage pour justifier la reformulation et le report d’une promesse adoptée à contrecœur.
¿Pueden los hipócritas morales dar lecciones honestas de ética?
Authors: Longueira Monelos Ángel
Published: May 2018

A veces se entiende que los hipócritas morales –aquellos que dicen que se debe hacer algo, pero no tienen la menor disposición a hacerlo– no pueden dar honestas lecciones de ética. En este artículo distingo dos tipos de creencias normativas y defiendo que lo anterior es falso 1) si la concepción de la creencia que se maneja es la ordinaria y 2) con independencia de cuáles sean las condiciones de validez de las normas.
Crítica a la naturalización del deontologismo en la teoría del proceso dual del juicio moral de Joshua Greene
Authors: Gracia Javier
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo me propongo cuestionar la tesis neuroética de Joshua Greene acerca del carácter esencialmente emocional de los llamados “juicios morales deontológicos”. Centrándome en su teoría del proceso dual del juicio moral cuestiono que solo y principalmente los juicios morales deontológicos sean intuitivos y no reflexivos. En segundo lugar, cuestiono que el juicio utilitarista pueda ser asimilable al cálculo matemático y que el juicio deontológico se reduzca al factor no reflexivo de la emoción. La principal objeción que planteo al naturalismo de Greene es pretender eliminar la justificación filosófica acerca de la validez moral que lleva a cabo el deontologismo en Kant, reduciéndolo exclusivamente a factores psicológicos y neurofisiológicos vinculados con la emoción.
Judith Butler y las facetas de la “vulnerabilidad”: el poder de “agencia” en el activismo artístico de Mujeres Creando
Authors: Molina Barea María del Carmen
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo rastrear los mecanismos fenomenológicos que, según la autora de teoría queer Judith Butler, operan en la base de los procedimientos de performatividad política. En esta línea, el artículo pretende analizar el poder de agencia de las subjetividades marginales como resistencia a la regularización político-ontológica de los marcos de reconocimiento. Dicho potencial biopolítico se nutre de la vulnerabilidad y precaridad de los cuerpos abyectos. En este contexto, se someterá a consideración el caso del colectivo boliviano anarco-feminista Mujeres Creando, que por medio de su activismo artístico generan poderosas alternativas de reactivación de la agencia.
Sobre el neohegelianismo y Weimar: el caso de Julius Binder
Authors: Fernández-Crehuet Federico
Published: May 2018

En el siguiente artículo exploro algunos temas concretos de la filosofía jurídica de Julius Binder, en concreto, la relación y compatibilidad de su pensamiento con el nacionalsocialismo. En la primera parte del trabajo estudio el enfoque neokantiano de su filosofía. Posteriormente analizó su giro hacía el neohegelianismo. En los últimos epígrafes me ocupo del concepto filosófico de nación que tal autor defendió y busco cuáles son los nexos tanto con el nacionalsocialismo como con la filosofía hegeliana. La conclusión final es que Hegel no es culpable del uso que de sus planteamientos se hicieron por algunos autores nazis como Julius Binder.
Nutritional management of surgical newborns and infants in the acute phase and during follow up
Authors: Mosca Fabio
Published: May 2018

The neonatal period represents a crucial stage of life since it is characterized by the development of organ structure and function. Early life is particularly susceptible to environmental factors through a programming effect. As a result, inadequate nutrition in early life leads to long-term mental and physical developmental alterations and increased mortality and morbidity. In this review, we will summarize available evidence with a particular focus on metabolic responses to surgical trauma, nutritional strategies that can be implemented in surgical infants and specific barriers to nutritional support after surgery.
Novitates Gabonenses 87 – A new Urobotrya from Gabon
Authors: Jongkind Carel
Published: May 2018

Background: Previously unidentified herbarium material from tropical West and Central Africa was selected for renewed study.Objectives: To assess the possibility that this material included undescribed species.Methods: Seeds were separated from dried or pickled fruits to compare the shape of the endocarp and surface patterning.Results: Previously unidentified herbarium material from Gabon is recognised and illustrated as the new species Urobotrya gabonensis.Conclusions: This new species adds one more endemic species to the already rich flora of Gabon.
Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) Hutch. & Dalziel: Ethnomedicinal uses and its therapeutic activities
Authors: Ayodeji Ayeni E. , Aliyu Nuhu
Published: May 2018

The use of medicinal plants to cure many ailments has been a tradition in different parts of the world. Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is an edible seed that is widely cultivated for its delicacy. All parts of the plant have been used ethnomedically. This article reviewed the ethnomedicinal, nutritional, phytochemical and some pharmacological activities of T. conophorum, because medicinal plants are our hope in achieving sustainable global statutory of health for all and a last resort in healthcare management in African countries. This review reveals previous findings and other pharmacological benefits of the African walnut towards its potential as food and drug development.
Nóg oorlog, nóg terpentyn
Authors: Van der Merwe Joanette
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.
Burnout among rural hospital doctors in the Western Cape: Comparison with previous South African studies
Authors: Liebenberg Andrew R. , Coetzee Johan F. , Conradie Hofmeyr H. , Coetzee Johan F.
Published: May 2018

Background: Burnout among doctors negatively affects health systems and, ultimately,patient care.Aim: To determine the prevalence of burnout among doctors working in the district health system in the Overberg and Cape Winelands districts of the Western Cape Province and to compare the findings with those of previous South African studies.Setting: Rural district hospitals.Methods: During 2013, a validated questionnaire (Maslach Burnout Inventory) was sent to 42 doctors working in the district health system within the referral area of the Worcester Hospital, consisting of the Overberg health district and the eastern half of the Cape Winelands.Results: Response rate was 85.7%. Clinically significant burnout was found among 81% of respondents. High levels of burnout on all three subscales were present in 31% of participants.Burnout rates were similar to those of a previous study conducted among doctors working in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality primary health care facilities. Scores for emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalisation (DP) were greater than those of a national survey;however, the score for personal accomplishment (PA) was greater. EE and PA scores weresimilar to that of a study of junior doctors working in the Red Cross Children’s Hospital;however, EE was smaller.Conclusion: This study demonstrates high burnout rates among doctors working at district level hospitals, similar to the prevalence thereof in the Cape Town Metropolitan primary health care facilities. Health services planning should include strategies to address and prevent burnout of which adequate staffing and improved work environment are of prime importance.
An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling
Authors: Okeyo Ida L.A. , Dowse Ros
Published: May 2018

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralise tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education.Aim: To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.Setting: This study was conducted in local primary health care clinics and the Hospice in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province in South Africa.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A simple, 17-page, A5 booklet containing pictograms and simple text was designed in collaboration with CHWs who advised on preferred content. Its influence on knowledge was assessed in 31 CHWs using a 17-item questionnaire in a before-and-after study. The experiences of CHWs using the booklet were qualitatively explored using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured interviews.Results: Overall knowledge increased significantly from 70.6% to 85.3% (p < 0.001) with 8 of 17 questions significantly better answered at follow-up. These addressed meaning of side effects and side effect advice for patients, cause and prevention of TB, action if a dose is forgotten, timing of dose in relation to food intake and the possibility that not all patients are cured.Community health workers reported using the booklet during patient interactions, commenting that it enhanced their confidence in their own TB-related knowledge, improved recall of information and reduced uncertainty. They appreciated the simplicity of the text and its userfriendliness because of the inclusion of pictograms. The booklet was perceived to be valuable as a tool for both patient education as well as improved communication with patients.Conclusion: A simple, user-friendly TB booklet containing pictograms improved CHWknowledge and acted as a valuable tool in patient communication and education.
Evaluation of antenatal rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa
Authors: Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P. , Moodley Pravi , Sartorius Benn , Drain Paul K.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: South African guidelines recommend two rapid tests for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the serial HIV testing algorithm, but the accuracy and compliance to this algorithm is unknown in rural clinics. We evaluated the accuracy of HIV rapid testing and the time to receiving test results among pregnant women in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Method: We observed the accuracy of rapid HIV testing algorithms for 208 consenting antenatal patients accessing voluntary HIV testing services in nine rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in KZN. A PHC-based HIV counsellor obtained finger-prick whole blood from each participant to perform rapid testing using the Advanced Quality™ One Step anti-HIV (1&2) and/or ABON™ HIV 1/2/O Tri-Line HIV test. A research nurse obtained venous blood for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV test, which is the gold standard diagnostic test. We recorded the time of receipt of HIV test results for each test.Results: Among 208 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years, 72 women from nine rural PHC clinics were identified as HIV-positive by two rapid tests with an HIV-prevalence of 35% (95% Bayesian credibility intervals [BCI]: 28% – 41%). Of the 208 patients, 135 patients from six clinics were tested with the serial HIV testing algorithm. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for the 135 participants were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93% – 100%) and 99% (CI: 95% – 100%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were estimated at 98% (CI: 94% – 100%) and 95% (CI: 88% – 99%), respectively. All women received their HIV rapid test results within 20 min of testing. Test stock-out resulted in poor test availability at point-of-care, preventing performance of a second HIV test in three out of nine PHC clinics in rural KZN.Conclusion: Despite the poor compliance with national guidelines for HIV rapid testing services, HIV rapid test results provided to pregnant women in rural PHC clinics in KZN were generally accurate and timely. Test stock-out was shown to be one of the barriers to test availability in rural PHC clinics, resulting in poor compliance with guidelines. We recommend a compulsory confirmation HIV rapid test for all HIV-negative test results obtained from pregnant patients in rural and resource-limited settings.
Bilateral Complete Ureteral Duplication with Bilateral Ureteral Calculi
Authors: Gogate Sunil S. , Gogate Bhagyashri S.
Published: May 2018

A 35-year-old female came with right renal colic. Ultrasonography showed left hydroureteronephrosis. Intravenous urography showed bilateral complete duplication with the right upper moiety ureteric calculus and left lower moiety ureteric calculus. Both were treated with rigid ureterorenoscopy. This is first such presentation in the world. Only two cases of complete duplication with urolithiasis, but different presentation are reported so far.
Almost flat K-theory of classifying spaces
Authors: Carrión José R. , Dadarlat Marius
Published: May 2018

We give a rigorous account and prove continuity properties for the correspondence between almost flat bundles on a triangularizable compact connected space and the quasi-representations of its fundamental group. For a discrete countable group

\Gamma

with finite classifying space

B\Gamma

, we study a correspondence between almost flat K-theory classes on

B\Gamma

and group homomorphism

K_0(C^*(\Gamma)) \to \mathbb{Z}

that are implemented by pairs of discrete asymptotic homomorphisms from

C^*(\Gamma)

to matrix algebras.
Professional Learning Experiences in a Field‐Based Course: Student Perceptions and Preferences
Authors: Yates Thomas , Hodgson Kyle
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Participants in this study placed high value in the professional learning experiences.

The job market can quickly impact student perception of professional learning experiences.

Professional learning experiences can give students a good sense of related careers.

Timing and site location can impact student preferences for field course experiences.

Two professional learning experiences were added to an existing field‐based soil science course. Including relevant professional learning experiences in field‐based courses for non‐soil science majors can provide the opportunity for these students to apply soil science skills and knowledge in the context of the profession most relevant to their area of study. As participation of government and industry requires additional logistics and resources, it is important to assess the added value to the student experience. Using an online survey, data was collected over 4 years. Students most preferred the professional–government (Pgv) learning experience followed by the academic experience (Acm) and the professional–industry (Pid) experience (55, 31, and 14%, respectively). Students perceived the Pgv experience as most relevant to their future career plans, followed by the Pid and Acm experiences (41, 32, and 27%, respectively). Student comments indicated that they valued both Pgv and Pid experiences for their authenticity. Yearly variation in the results indicated that the Pid experience was least preferred and considered least relevant to career plans in 2014 and 2015, coinciding with a crash in crude oil prices and economic downturn in western Canada. Inclusion of professional learning experiences added considerable value to the student experience, but student preferences and perceptions of these experiences can be altered by relevant employment market and economic forces.
The Last Bastion of White Male Privilege
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at the Black experience in the FDNY during the last quarter of the 20th Century. During this period, the City, fire department, and the fire unions all vigorously resisted efforts by the Vulcan Society and the United Women Firefighters to address structural and institutional racism and sexism. Black representation, after growing slightly and then stalling in the mid 1980s, receded slowly and steadily as the century closed.
A Communion of Shadows
Authors: Lindsey Rachel McBride
Published: May 2018

When the revolutionary technology of photography erupted in American culture in 1839, it swiftly became, in the day’s parlance, a “mania.” This richly illustrated book positions vernacular photography at the center of the study of nineteenth-century American religious life. As an empirical tool, photography captured many of the signal scenes of American life, from the gold rush to the bloody battlefields of the Civil War. But photographs did not simply display neutral records of people, places, and things; rather, commonplace photographs became inscribed with spiritual meaning, disclosing, not merely signifying, a power that lay beyond.
Rachel McBride Lindsey demonstrates that what people beheld when they looked at a photograph had as much to do with what lay outside the frame--theological expectations, for example--as with what the camera had recorded. Whether studio portraits tucked into Bibles, postmortem portraits with locks of hair attached, “spirit” photography, stereographs of the Holy Land, or magic lanterns used in biblical instruction, photographs were curated, beheld, displayed, and valued as physical artifacts that functioned both as relics and as icons of religious practice. Lindsey’s interpretation of “vernacular” as an analytic introduces a way to consider anew the cultural, social, and material reach of religion.
Agents of a Fuller Revelation
Authors: Lindsey Rachel McBride
Published: May 2018

Intense debates around spirit photography started immediately upon its discovery in late 1862. This chapter frames these debates around the career, trial, and demise of America’s first and most notorious spirit photographer, William Howard Mumler. In the context of the American Civil War, Mumler claimed to have discovered a gift for photographing spirits of departed souls and immediately became the subject of public interest and scrutiny. His uneasy affiliation with modern Spiritualism, his public ridicule by the photographic guild, and his brief celebrity in the 1860s provide a window into the at times intense uncertainty around the camera’s ability to reveal spiritual truth to modern beholders. His hearing before the New York Police Court in the spring of 1869, in particular, facilitated a very public debate around the authority of the Bible and the camera in newspaper accounts that were circulated throughout the country. In this chapter, spirit photographs emerge as a hinge between corporeal referents in studio portraiture, on the one hand, and practices of biblical beholding, on the other, that asked beholders to see what was really there.
History Comes Alive
Authors: Rymsza-Pawlowska M. J.
Published: May 2018

During the 1976 Bicentennial celebration, millions of Americans engaged with the past in brand-new ways. They became absorbed by historical miniseries like Roots, visited museums with new exhibits that immersed them in the past, propelled works of historical fiction onto the bestseller list, and participated in living history events across the nation. While many of these activities were sparked by the Bicentennial, M. J. Rymsza-Pawlowska shows that, in fact, they were symptomatic of a fundamental shift in Americans’ relationship to history during the 1960s and 1970s.
For the majority of the twentieth century, Americans thought of the past as foundational to, but separate from, the present, and they learned and thought about history in informational terms. But Rymsza-Pawlowska argues that the popular culture of the 1970s reflected an emerging desire to engage and enact the past on a more emotional level: to consider the feelings and motivations of historic individuals and, most importantly, to use this in reevaluating both the past and the present. This thought-provoking book charts the era’s shifting feeling for history, and explores how it serves as a foundation for the experience and practice of history making today.
The Commemoration Revolution
Authors: Rymsza-Pawlowska M. J.
Published: May 2018

Federal interests planned the Bicentennial of the American Revolution for ten years. In the late 60s and early 1970s, planners envisioned a new World’s Fair, to be held in Philadelphia. But as consensus fractured and distrust of the government, and particularly Richard Nixon, mounted, Americans lacked enthusiasm about the upcoming celebration and criticized what they considered to be a co-optation of the anniversary. By the mid-1970s, the Bicentennial federal planners envisioned was not only more decentralized, but also focused more on the past, as opposed to the future.
Introduction
Authors: Smith Adam I. P.
Published: May 2018

The book opens with the claim that the great majority of Americans living in the free states in the Civil War era thought of themselves as “conservative”, even as they embraced change. Conservatism in the sense in which it was used in this period was not a political ideology but a disposition, a way of signalling a mature, measured approach to the problems of the nineteenth century. This self-defined “conservative” political culture embraced both an underlying antislavery consensus and a powerful devotion to the Union. The interplay of these two impulses—antislavery and nationalism—shaped Northerners’ political choices. In the face of each successive moment of crisis, most Northerners—whether Republicans or Democrats—sought the “conservative” solution that would reconcile the survival of the nation with their dislike of slavery.
The Essence of Anarchy
Authors: Smith Adam I. P.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explains how the firing on Fort Sumter resolved Northerners’ dilemma about how to respond to secession. Many in the North felt a profound sense of betrayal, having tried until the last moment to believe in the good faith of the South. Nonetheless the war quickly generated a new set of tensions within the North about whether the Republican administration was abusing its power to force through revolutionary change that went far beyond what was needed to suppress the rebellion.
How a Conservative People Conducted a Long War
Authors: Smith Adam I. P.
Published: May 2018

Had Richmond fallen in the spring of 1862, the Union might have been secured without emancipation and a majority of Northerners would have been entirely satisfied with that outcome, including Lincoln and most Republicans. But that did not happen, and this chapter describes how political positions that previously had been regarded by most Northerners as dangerously radical became normalised in wartime. As a conservative movement, driven above all by a desire to vindicate and preserve the Union, the Republican Party drove forward revolutionary change.
Conclusion
Authors: Smith Adam I. P.
Published: May 2018

The book concludes by emphasising the underlying theme of continuity and preservation in Northerners’ celebration of the defeat of the rebellion. Even so, fears of national instability continued for at least a decade after Appomattox. To some Northerners, the war had resolved one source of instability, slavery, only for another—the problem of mobs, ignorance and recklessness—to assume an even greater significance. The fight of conservatism against fanaticism continued.
The Black Revolutionary Woman, 1966–1975
Authors: Farmer Ashley D.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 2 turns to the political identity of the “Black Revolutionary Woman,” created by women in the Black Panther Party. The most widely recognized organization of the Black Power movement; the Panthers’ influence was pervasive, and shaped public perceptions of Black Power and empowerment both nationally and internationally. This chapter shows how Panther women used political artwork, speeches, and articles published in The Black Panther newspaper to create an evolving understanding of the female revolutionary and challenge male-centered interpretations of organizational ideology and black liberation. It also documents how Panther women’s intellectual production caused the Party to develop a more inclusive understanding of the black revolutionary activist.
Inheritance, Family, and Mixed-Race Jamaicans, 1700–1761
Authors: Livesay Daniel
Published: May 2018

This chapter evaluates the evolving legal and cultural standing of elite mixed-race Jamaicans in the first half of the eighteenth century. It describes why so many interracial families formed on the island as well as the legal restrictions imposed on mixed-race people by the colony’s legislature, the Jamaican assembly. In particular, it considers how concerns over the balance between a small white and large enslaved population in Jamaica created security fears as well as demographic anxieties about mixed-race families. However, the chapter shows that elite free people of color carved out legal privileges for themselves by petitioning directly to the assembly. Moreover, the assembly experimented early on with allowing family connections, wealth, and ancestry to put certain mixed-race people into the legal category of “white.” A series of enslaved rebellions in the middle of the eighteenth century named Tacky’s Revolt, along with growing concerns about improper households across the British Empire, resulted in more restrictions against mixed-race Jamaicans generally by 1761. Yet, island rulers still held onto a demographic hope that certain elites of color—namely those who had spent time in Britain—could become the seedbed on which to grow a strong white population.
New Struggles and Old Ideas, 1813–1833
Authors: Livesay Daniel
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the immediate years leading up to the emancipation of Britain’s enslaved population in 1833 and that period’s effect on mixed-race migrants. It contends that Britain was an increasingly hostile place for Jamaican migrants of color, as family and class position no longer sufficiently modified racialized oppression. This is seen in both family correspondences as well as in the experiences of political radicals such as Robert Wedderburn, whose mixed ancestry and social marginalization informed his activist ideologies in London. In Jamaica, however, mixed-race migrants who had returned to the Caribbean made advancements. Not only did the assembly improve the legal position of free people of color, but it promoted British-trained individuals of color in anticipation of the emancipation of enslaved Jamaicans. In particular, emancipation appeared to spell the doom of a permanent, growing white population. A British-educated class of color was now seen as the proper replacement for a declining white cohort.
The Return of the Native Breed
Authors: Woods Rebecca J. H.
Published: May 2018

The developments outlined in Chapter 5 set the stage for the late-twentieth-century invention of “Traditional” Hereford cattle, defined as those animals whose entire lineage could be traced to individuals bred only within the British Isles. Traditional Herefords became central players in rare breeds conservation—a revival of interest in “native” British breeds, many of which had been pushed to the side lines of the livestock industry in favour of larger, faster-maturing, and meatier foreign breeds. As Canadian and American Herefords returned to their erstwhile native land beginning in the 1970s, proponents of the English variety privileged environmental factors over shared genetic roots in their delineation between Traditional and modern Herefords. Such a stance implicitly denied imperialism as a reciprocal process in which the creole formations of the colonies come “home” to roost.
Prologue
Authors: Ahmad Irfan
Published: May 2018

The genealogy of critique, received wisdom unequivocally maintains, started with Immanual Kant. Religion as Critique, in contrast, contends that it began much earlier. As a prelude to demonstrate this proposition and enable readers to begin to rethink the whole issue of critique afresh, the prologue presents Shah Valiullah’s (1703 —1763) work as an exemplification of critique preceding, as well as different from, Kant’s. In the precinct of Kaʿba and Prophet Muhammad’s mosque—Hijaz at large—generally construed as the place of mere submission beyond reason and an uncritical devotion to God, Valiullah enacts argumentation and discussion (baḥaṡ). In so doing, he assigns a role to himself—namely to judge one of the meanings of critique as Reinhart Koselleck outlines it. In Valiullah’s text, traces of a Cartesian split or conflict between reason and faith, between heart and mind, between interior and exterior are difficult to fathom; they instead form a connected ensemble. And unlike Kant, who viewed Islam (and other religions) as fanaticism and bestowed rationality solely on Protestant Christianity, for Valiullah Islam was already rational, not in spite of, but due to revelation.
Critique
Authors: Ahmad Irfan
Published: May 2018

The main argument of this chapter is: the Enlightenment was an ethnic project and its conceptualization of reason highly local as it pitted itself against a series of Others, Islam included. Evidently, feminist and race studies scholarship offers a critique of the Enlightenment and its universalism. A point less stressed is that the erasure of non-Western philosophy in Enlightenment thinking construed universal as only "to all," not "from all." Consequently, non-Westerners were construed as empirical objects, not thinking subjects. As it disregarded from all, Western universalism claiming that it is for all and to all could only be missionary-like, for the only option it leaves open for those not subscribing to or already within is to convert. The blueprint for conversion stemmed from Enlightenment ideas of "civilizational infantilism" of the non-West and the obligation to "better the world." To substantiate this argument, the chapter discusses the German Enlightenment and the French Enlightenment both of which reconfigured rather than erased Christianity. Building on works, among others, of Talal Asad, the chapter alternatively outlines the possibility of analyzing Islam and reason as interwoven to show how immanent critique has been central to Islamic histories and cultures.
Queer Frontier
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

In tracing the social, cultural, economic, and political circumstances that led to Miami’s municipal incorporation in 1896, this chapter unearths the queer origins of the city’s urban frontier. It argues that Miami’s identity and traditions were constantly in flux, imbued by numerous effects from the city’s colonial past, its roots in the U.S. South and North, and a multitude of Caribbean influences. The chapter shows how the establishment of Miami’s segregated and racialized sex and vice district was a product of conscientious, albeit uneven, urban design. An examination of criminal records, municipal documents, and newspaper reports reveals how Miami’s queer frontier took shape through a prism of competing colonial exchanges, transgressive sex acts, interracial encounters, and working-class vices. Urban boosters promoted the instant city of Miami through several countervailing visions: the natural environment and the urban landscape, the traditional and the modern, and the respectable and subversive.
Making Fairyland Real
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

This chapter traces the lives of some of the queer women and men who helped tailor Miami’s fairyland image as a site of nonconformity that lacked the rigidity ascribed to larger, industrial urban spaces. It unearths the significance of the area’s artists, investors, settlers, and imperial architects in fashioning a modern fairyland that proved desirable to outsiders. It demonstrates how wealth, status, and whiteness permitted the queer elite to promote Miami as a space where gender and sexuality could be challenged, renegotiated, and subverted. As influential powerbrokers living with an “open secret” in the city, several of these queers crafted Miami’s lucrative image as a fairyland through the tentacles of U.S. imperialism, casting the city’s offering as an extension of the vice and pleasure available in the nearby Caribbean.
Passing through Miami’s Queer World
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

While urban boosters crafted Miami’s fairyland for a white and moneyed clientele, the city’s working-class, transient gender and sexual renegades similarly asserted their own spaces in the developing landscape. This chapter uncovers how queers, primarily those listed in the historical record as men, traversed Miami’s public and semipublic spaces. It focuses on the ways mostly working-class, transient men transgressed gender and sexual norms in Miami. In addition to noting how the city’s queer archetypes challenged the very categories that differentiated “women” from “men,” this chapter also notes some of the institutions that surveilled, regulated, and criminalized the bodies of women whose sexual appetites were read as “unnatural.” In tracing arrest, medical, and commitment records, along with other contemporary sources—such as newspapers, state and local laws, and judicial testimonies and hearings—this chapter reconstructs the urban presence of gender and sexual transgression outside the theatrical stage. It demonstrates how state and local laws criminalized gender transgression and homosexual acts, as well as the uneven prosecution of such activities based on judicial interpretations of class, race, ethnicity, age, and (dis)ability.
The March of Time, 1965–2015
Authors: Gillick Muriel R.
Published: May 2018

This chapter traces the evolution of office-based care from the small, intimate, low-tech practice of the 1960s to the multi-physician, rule-driven, computerized practice of 2015. The changes are attributed to scientific advances in medicine (such as new treatments for hypertension and diabetes), social trends (for example, the women’s movement and the corporatization of medicine), and legislative milestones (principally the passage of Medicare, the introduction of Medicare hospice, new home care coverage).
The Varieties of Hospital Experience
Authors: Gillick Muriel R.
Published: May 2018

American hospitals come in a variety of flavors: teaching and non-teaching, for profit and not-for-profit, large and small, government and private, urban and rural. While the patient’s experience varies slightly depending on the type of hospital, all hospitals could be improved to better serve the needs of older patients if they implemented basic geriatric principles.
Finale
Authors: Gillick Muriel R.
Published: May 2018

The evidence suggests that medical care for frail, old people should be interdisciplinary, coordinated, and accessible. Analysis of the current system suggests it should begin with comprehensive assessment of the individual, including physical function, emotional state, degree of social engagement, support system, and medical insurance. Next, the ideal interdisciplinary team should determine the person’s goals of care. Finally, a plan of care should be developed, taking both goals and needs into account. Implementing the plan will require a robust home care program as well as family support. Achievement of such a system will necessitate reforming the complex adaptive system that makes up American health care today. The most promising change agent is the Medicare program itself, which could introduce requirements into medical training programs to assure competence in geriatric medicine and communication skills. With appropriate legislative changes, Medicare could also negotiate with drug companies over price and set reimbursement for medical technology based on cost-effectiveness. Medicare could also develop a new benefit plan for frail elders that offered more intensive home care and other services in exchange for decreased coverage of invasive, expensive, and often non-beneficial hospital-based technology.
Winning Our Freedoms Together
Authors: Grant Nicholas
Published: May 2018

In this transnational account of black protest, Nicholas Grant examines how African Americans engaged with, supported, and were inspired by the South African anti-apartheid movement. Bringing black activism into conversation with the foreign policy of both the U.S. and South African governments, this study questions the dominant perception that U.S.-centered anticommunism decimated black international activism. Instead, by tracing the considerable amount of time, money, and effort the state invested into responding to black international criticism, Grant outlines the extent to which the U.S. and South African governments were forced to reshape and occasionally reconsider their racial policies in the Cold War world. This study shows how African Americans and black South Africans navigated transnationally organized state repression in ways that challenged white supremacy on both sides of the Atlantic. The political and cultural ties that they forged during the 1940s and 1950s are testament to the insistence of black activists in both countries that the struggle against apartheid and Jim Crow were intimately interconnected.
African American Culture, Consumer Magazines, and Black Modernity
Authors: Grant Nicholas
Published: May 2018

Cultural exchange provided another vitally important avenue through which black South Africans engaged with, understood, and were influenced by African American life. Images of black cultural and economic success from across the Atlantic directly challenged white supremacist assumptions, providing black South Africans with a lens to assess the extent to which their lives were constrained and circumscribed by the modern apartheid state. These cross-cultural connections featured heavily in the pages of South African consumer magazines, especially the popular monthly publication Zonk!. The magazine’s transatlantic coverage gives an insight into how black South Africans envisioned and engaged with African American culture in the aftermath of World War II.