bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ideological Identification, Type of Threat, and Differences in How Anger and Fear Relate to Anti-Immigrant and Populist Attitudes
Authors: Rico Guillem
Published: March 2024

Following calls for a clear analytical distinction between populism and the specific ideological projects to which it is attached, the present article examines how populist and anti-immigrant attitudes relate to feelings of fear and anger about perceived threats facing the country. It posits that, although the association of these two discrete negative emotions with anti-immigration attitudes should be related to individuals’ ideological identification and the type of threat, populist attitudes, by virtue of their ubiquitous character, should be strongly associated with feelings of anger regardless of ideology or threat type. Drawing on data from an online survey in Spain, I find that anti-immigration attitudes are associated with anger among right-wing individuals and with fear among those on the center and the left, and more strongly associated with emotions linked to cultural threats. By contrast, results indicate that populist attitudes go hand in hand with feelings of anger across ideological groups and type of threat.
On the Operating Table: A Student’s Experience in Surgery
Authors: Rabin Erik E. , Kirkendoll Shelbie , Tatebe Leah C.
Published: March 2024

The role of medical students in patient care is complex. Students suggest plans but are not responsible for enacting them. We are anticipated to make mistakes but expected to perform tasks with excellence. Regardless of the field, physicians are tasked with the responsibility and burden of making decisions. Students are at the interface between the patient and the surgical team; their interactions with the patient can be life-changing and potentially lifesaving. Choosing to not operate on patients, deemed inoperable, can be morally challenging. As students, we may not have the power to make decisions but can be present and learn from our patients.
Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem
Authors: Krysa Mikolaj , Susniak Katarzyna , Song Cai Li , Szymanska-Chargot Monika , Zdunek Artur , Pieta Izabela S. , Podleśny Janusz , Sroka-Bartnicka Anna , Kazarian Sergei G.
Published: March 2024

Maize ( Zea mays) is one of the most cultivated plants in the world. Due to the large area, the scale of its production, and the demand to increase the yield, there is a need for new environmentally friendly fertilizers. One group of such candidates is bacteria-produced nodulation (or nod) factors. Limited research has explored the impact of nodulation, factors on maize within field conditions, with most studies restricted to greenhouse settings and early developmental stages. Additionally, there is a scarcity of investigations that elucidate the metabolic alterations in the maize stem due to nod-factor exposure. It was therefore the aim of this study. Maize stem's metabolites and fibers were analyzed with various imaging analytical techniques: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Moreover, the biochemical analyses were used to evaluate the proteins and soluble carbohydrates concentration and total phenolic content. These techniques were used to evaluate the influence of nod factor-based biofertilizer on the growth of a non-symbiotic plant, maize. The biofertilizer increased the grain yield and the stem mass. Moreover, the spectroscopic and biochemical investigation proved the appreciable biochemical changes in the stems of the maize in biofertilizer-treated plants. Noticeable changes were found in the spatial distribution and the increase in the concentration of flavonoids such as maysin, quercetin, and rutin. Moreover, the concentration of cell wall components (fibers) increased. Furthermore, it was shown that the use of untargeted analyses (such as Raman and ATR FT-IR, spectroscopic imaging, and MALDI-MSI) is useful for the investigation of the biochemical changes in plants.
Intimate Partner Violence and Partner Incarceration: Perceived and Experienced Challenges During Reentry
Authors: Durante Katherine A. , Tadros Eman , Slakoff Danielle C.
Published: March 2024

Women’s experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and concerns and challenges regarding their partner’s reentry after prison were analyzed using three waves of panel data ( n = 866). Having been a victim of IPV before their partner’s incarceration, especially of incidents involving emotional violence and alcohol or drug use, is associated with elevated concerns regarding their ability to trust their partner, their partner’s ability to live up to their expectations, and being angry at their partner. IPV victimization was a more consistent predictor of having these concerns than of experiencing these challenges upon their partner’s reentry. Women’s concerns regarding reentry challenges were weakly to moderately related to the experiences the women had upon their partner’s reentry.
Nonlinear control of two fingers model for movement coordination
Authors: Sarwat Asra , Iqbal Maryam , Imtiaz Junaid , Hassan Danish Muhammad , Ali Khan Sajid
Published: March 2024

This research introduces an innovative methodology for the integrated modeling, simulation, and analysis of two fingers, with particular emphasis on their fundamental roles in everyday tasks. In this study, we provide two nonlinear control strategies, specifically Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Feedback Linearization Control (FLC), to achieve accurate and stable finger movements. As mentioned earlier, the controllers are utilized in the context of a biomechanical model consisting of two fingers, each possessing two degrees of freedom. These controllers enable the coordination of flexion and extension movements. The research conducted in our study emphasizes the coordinated regulation of finger movements, enabling the achievement of flexion through the utilization of two nonlinear controllers. By implementing these sophisticated control mechanisms, we can effectively showcase our model’s fidelity in adhering to the physiological limitations inherent to human fingers in their natural state. In addition, the proposed controllers demonstrate sound mitigation of non-linearities, such as load variations, different velocities, positional changes, and damping forces. This approach presents several advantages, such as handling non-linearities, guaranteeing robustness, choosing suitable parameters, and conducting comparative analysis. In order to substantiate our findings, we develop the nonlinear model utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink software. The findings of our study demonstrate effective regulation and control of the two-finger model’s position. In our study, we were able to get flexion angles of [Formula: see text] rad and [Formula: see text] rad using the sliding mode control (SMC) technique, and flexion angles of [Formula: see text] rad and [Formula: see text] rad using the fuzzy logic control (FLC) technique, all within a time frame of 5 s. These results serve to illustrate the applicability and significance of our proposed methodology.
Reclaiming inclusion in an age of indignation
Authors: Hargreaves Andy , Shirley Dennis
Published: March 2024

As educators have pushed for inclusion of all marginalized students of different identities, we’ve seen a backlash of political and parental indignation. Andy Hargreaves and Dennis Shirley suggest that while it’s sometimes clear who is right and who is wrong in these disputes, some issues aren’t so clear, and people’s multiple identities can come in conflict. They suggest that better representation, drawing upon our capacity for sympathy, not giving up on the power of learning, seeking out what serves the common good, and conducting disagreements with consideration for each other’s rights, are some of the best ways to define and defend the inclusive school and get through the storms of outrage and indignation.
Free books to close the reading achievement gap
Authors: Allington Richard L.
Published: March 2024

Richard Allington reviews the nature of the reading achievement gap between students from low-income and high-income families, concluding that the limited access to children’s books experienced by children from low-income families lies at the base of the problem. The fact that children from low-income families lose reading achievement every summer largely explains summer reading loss. Allington and his colleagues completed two large-scale studies assessing the impact of giving free books of their choice to students from low-income families for them to read over the summer. After three years of summer books, the children gained almost a year in reading achievement compared to the students who did not receive books. The summer books project cost far less than a summer school program and produced greater achievement gains than having low-income children attend summer school programs.
Religion, Identity and Tribal Sub-national Politics in India
Authors: Roluahpuia
Published: March 2024

What is the role of religion in tribal politics? Does religion shape tribal political imagination? If so, how and in what manner? Politically, tribal movements since the colonial period have been deeply rooted in religion, and even in post-independent India, they continue to inspire and shape tribal politics. The article argues that tribal politics and religion interact in complex ways. First, the article shows how groups and organisations incorporate religious ideas within their political ideology. Second, religion and politics also come into conflict with one another in terms of the use and interpretation of religious beliefs and commitments for political ends, mainly when it involves the use of violence. This is examined through the case of the Mizo movement for independence in northeast India, where religion was interwoven with the politics of identity, nationalism and violence.
Factors Impacting Seafarers’ Mental Health and Career Intentions
Authors: Svetina Matija , Perkovič Marko , Yang Chuanyong , Gu Yuan , Mindadze Aleks , Mikeltadze Natia , Davitadze Levan , Gabedava George
Published: March 2024

The main objective of the present study was to investigate factors related to seafarers’ mental health. A sample of seafarers from 12 countries participated in the study. A list of stressors was used to assess both perception of exposure to these stressors and their subjective significance. The Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) was used to assess seafarers’ mental health on 5 of 9 subscales: Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Somatisation. Three significant findings emerged from the analyses. The first was that 3 types of stressors contribute significantly to mental health problems: (1) environmental factors (eg, vibration), (2) social problems (eg, bullying, homesickness, working alone), and (3) health problems (eg, physical injuries, viruses, and the illnesses). The second finding was that both stress and mental health issues determine seafarers’ motivation for their work and their consideration regarding leaving the maritime industry. The third finding was that factors contributing to seafarers’ consideration of leaving the industry were mainly related to social stressors such as isolation from family and friends, cultural differences at work, demands from supervisors, and bullying. Factors such as bad weather, working shifts, length of employment contract or a ban on disembarkment in ports were found to be relatively less important for seafarers as factors toward considering leaving the industry. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Exploring the Demographic and Professional Characteristics of Physicians and Nurse Practitioners Associated With Providing Medication-Assisted Treatment: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Maxey Hannah L. , Vaughn Sierra X. , Dickinson Analise , Newhouse Robin
Published: March 2024

Integration of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder in primary care settings is an emerging health care delivery model that supports increased access to specialized care but requires primary care provider engagement. Examining the characteristics of providers who provide this service is key to informing targeted recruitment. Using administrative and supplemental data collected during license renewal, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of primary care physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) associated with greater odds of providing MAT in their practice. A retrospective observational study was conducted using a descriptive correlational design. The analysis included 5259 physicians and 3486 NPs who renewed their licenses electronically in 2021 and specialized in primary care or psychiatry. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of physicians and NPs associated with MAT participation in their practice. Physicians had a higher odds ratio (OR) of providing MAT if they were younger than 35 years (OR = 1.334; P = .0443), practiced in a federally qualified health center (OR = 3.101, P < .0001), and offered a sliding fee scale in their practice (OR = 2.046; P < .0001). Likewise, NPs had higher odds of providing MAT if they practiced in a public or community health center (OR = 3.866; P < .0001). The results of this study highlight the personal and professional characteristics of physicians and NPs associated with higher odds of providing MAT. These findings may have implications for the recruitment and sustainability of MAT integration in primary care.
Book review: Jayaseelan Raj, Plantation Crisis: Ruptures of Dalit Life in the Indian Tea Belt
Authors: Thakur Raj Kumar
Published: March 2024

Jayaseelan Raj, Plantation Crisis: Ruptures of Dalit Life in the Indian Tea Belt. UCL Press, 2022, 212 pp., ₹2,268, ISBN 9781800082281 (Paperback).
Afghan Scholars’ Response to Perspectives on the Afghanistan War: Arrogant Conquest; Disgraceful Withdrawal
Authors: Arghandwal Nisar Ahmad , Omaid Mohammad Ehsan , Fana Zmarai
Published: March 2024

In response to the special issue on the Afghanistan War published by Armed Forces & Society, this article offers alternative perspectives regarding America’s longest war from the point of view of scholars who experienced the war firsthand and continue to live in its aftermath. We argue that Afghanistan was invaded by Western militaries who came to experience political failures and moral regrets. The soil could be conquered, but the Afghan nation has always strictly rejected foreign rulers and dictations. As our research critically evaluated the special issue articles published in the Armed Forces and Society Journal, we believe these articles fall short of reasonable analysis by only considering and analyzing the military strategies, war tactics, and failed stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. Civilian casualties owing to military operations by U.S.-led forces, not establishing an inclusive central government, strong resistance of the Taliban, ignoring the Afghan nation’s core ambitions, Pakistan’s double game policy, and high level of corruption led the U.S. to defeat. Nevertheless, we conclude that the U.S. approach to getting revenge for 9/11 victims and restoring their dignity through banzai attacks, blind bombardments, and night raids in civilians’ homes in Afghan cities and villages and taking innocent lives must be recognized, remembered, and condemned.
Pulmonary metastasectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignant melanoma
Authors: Sakanoue Ichiro , Hamaji Masatsugu , Ohsumi Akihiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Date Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

The management of malignant melanoma with pulmonary metastases is controversial and occasionally requires multimodality management, including pulmonary metastasectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, limited data are available on these patients. We described a case series of three consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy after ICIs for malignant melanoma and discussed the important characteristics of these patients. After pulmonary metastasectomy, none of the patients had recurrent pulmonary metastases, although extrapulmonary metastases were developed. Our case series suggests that pulmonary metastasectomy after ICIs may control pulmonary metastases in carefully selected patients with malignant melanoma.
Youthful Choices: A Secondary Analysis of the NFHS-5 Data to Examine Tobacco Use in Indian Adolescent Girls and Young Women
Authors: Jose Jobinse , Chaudhary Aditi , Ghosh Abhishek , Goel Sonu
Published: March 2024

Background and aim:

Tobacco use among adolescents and young women is a global health concern. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young women in India.

Methods:

Based on data from the National Family Health Survey-5, this study explored tobacco use among 241,180 young women aged 15–24 in India. The research investigated determinants of current tobacco use, encompassing any tobacco use in any form, smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT). Independent variables include demographics, religion, caste, region, education, occupation, body mass index, wealth index, alcohol consumption, and media exposure. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results:

Findings revealed that 1.3% of the population are current tobacco users, with 1.2% using SLT and 0.14% smoking. Significant determinants included age, urban residence, religion, scheduled tribe status, wealth index, education, alcohol co-use, region, and pregnancy/lactation status. Young women (young women, 3.5% > adolescents, 1.5%; OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.65, 1.92), urban dwellers (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.32, 1.43), and alcohol users (OR 5.6, 95%CI 4.88, 6.33) exhibited higher odds of tobacco use. In contrast, education (higher education OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.13, 0.18) and higher socioeconomic status (richest OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.22, 0.31) were protective factors.

Conclusion:

Our research offered valuable insights into tobacco use among young Indian women. To effectively curb tobacco use in this population, it is imperative to address the identified determinants and vulnerabilities through tailored public health strategies and policies.
Social media and mental health: The role of interpersonal relationships and social media use motivations, in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of Spanish emerging adults
Authors: García-Manglano Javier , Fernández Aurelio , Serrano Cecilia , López-Madrigal Claudia , Fernández-Duval Gonzalo , de la Rosa Fernández-Pacheco Pedro , Sádaba Charo
Published: March 2024

Using a representative longitudinal sample of emerging adults aged 18 to 24 in Spain, we apply a relational lens to the association between social media and mental health. We explore how, beyond time in social media, mental health is influenced by three distinct motivations for social media use: communication ( interacting with others), surveillance ( finding out what others are doing), and escapism ( evading uncomfortable thoughts). Next, we explore the role of relational satisfaction with family and friends in the association between social media use and mental health. We find negative reinforcement patterns (reverse causation) between non-relational motivations in the use of social media (escapism), internalizing psychopathological symptoms, and time in social media; that is, increasing one of them leads to higher levels of the others. We also find that satisfaction with family reduces internalizing psychopathological symptoms, and satisfaction with friends predicts a communicative use of social media. In sum, promoting healthy relationships and relational motivations in the use of social media might help prevent mental health issues among Spanish emerging adults.
Efficacy of laser obliteration with limited excision of pilonidal sinus
Authors: Gratiashvili Erekle , Akhmeteli Lali , Ivanishvili Teimuraz , Kobadze Salome , Giorgadze Nodar
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of laser obliteration with limited excision (LOLE) versus wide excision (WE) of the pilonidal sinus.

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 152 patients with chronic pilonidal sinus disease was performed from September 2019 to September 2022. Of the 152 patients, 76 underwent LOLE and 76 underwent WE. The main evaluation criteria were complete wound healing, recurrence, and the complication rate.

Results

Complete healing was achieved in 74 (97.4%) patients in the LOLE group and 76 (100%) patients in the WE group. The duration of wound healing was significantly shorter in the LOLE group than in the WE group (6.5 ± 2.4 vs. 14.5 ± 2.6 weeks, respectively). Recurrence developed in six (7.9%) patients in the LOLE group and one (1.3%) patient in the WE group, with no significant difference.

Conclusion

According to our study and the data available in the literature, laser surgery should be included in the guidelines for the treatment and management of pilonidal disease.
Analysis of finite creep strains in aluminum plates at static and cyclic loading
Authors: Breslavsky Dmytro , Tatarinova Oksana , Altenbach Holm
Published: March 2024

The formulation of the problem and the basis of the method for solving two-dimensional creep problems for the case of finite strains are presented. The method is based on the Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) approach in numerical modeling using FEM. The method is implemented in the form of additional units to the creep calculation software. The plane stress state is considered. The results of an experimental study of the creep of AlMg6 alloy specimens under static and cyclic loading are described. The obtained creep curves were used to verify the calculation method. It is shown that for a material with viscous creep properties, calculations using finite strains quite satisfactorily describe the tertiary, accelerated section of the creep curve. The creep of square plates in tension by static and cyclically varying traction was considered, data on their shape change and stress redistribution were obtained. A significant intensification of creep due to the addition of a cyclic component to the static loading was established.
Bystander Intervention in Football and Sports. A Quasi-Experimental Feasibility Study of a Bystander Violence Prevention Program in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kovalenko Anastasiia G. , Fenton Rachel A.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, social campaigns and high-profile cases have brought increased attention to violence against women. Athletes can be role models, shaping both prosocial and antisocial attitudes. Their engagement in violence prevention could be an effective tool to tackle violence against women through bystander intervention. This part of a mixed-method feasibility study reports on the quantitative evaluation of an evidence-led bystander program, Football Onside, implemented at a football club in South West England in June 2018 to February 2020. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. Football coaches and club members ( n = 50) completed measures of rape and domestic abuse myths, bystander intent and efficacy, self-reported bystander behaviors, readiness for change, perceptions of peer helping and myth acceptance, law knowledge, and program evaluation. Fidelity was also assessed. The analysis compared between- and within-group differences in mean changes over time using mixed-effects models. Participant ratings of learning outcomes were high, and fidelity was maintained throughout the intervention. Between-group comparison revealed mixed results, with greater improvements in the intervention group for bystander intent and efficacy at post-test and follow-up, domestic abuse myths at post-test, and rape myth acceptance at follow-up. Model contrasts for within intervention group revealed improvements in rape and domestic abuse myth acceptance, bystander intent and efficacy, perceived law knowledge at both time points, and perceived peer myths and helping at post-test. At follow-up, intervention participants reported significantly higher engagement in bystander behaviors. No significant effects were found for perceived importance of legal knowledge. Our research highlights the potential efficacy of a bystander program tailored for football club members. Cluster-randomized control trials are now required to examine bystander attitudes and behavior change processes among professional athletes.
Synthesis and characterization of open cell Ni-Cr foam developed using Pulse electro deposition technique for filtration applications
Authors: Pittala Raj Kumar , Sharma Priyaranjan , Anne Gajanan , Arab Julfekar , Unune Deepak Rajendra , Kumar Ch Sateesh , Fernandes Filipe
Published: March 2024

Nickel–Chromium (Ni-Cr) foam is a highly versatile material, combining excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance with lightweight and energy absorption properties, making it a popular choice for a wide range of applications. This study explores the development of Ni-Cr foam using Pulse electrodeposition techniques, specifically ultrasonic-assisted pulse electroplating of nickel (UAPEPN) and ultrasonic-assisted pulse electroplating of chromium (UAPEPCr). The study evaluates the surface morphology, coating thickness and minimum mass gain of Ni-Cr foam after each process. A dedicated test rig was designed to measure the pressure drop across the foam, revealing a pressure drop of 0.29 bar at an input pressure of 70 PSI and a flow rate of 17.53 LPM of oil. The porosity percentage and permeability of the foam were evaluated at each developmental stage, with values noted as 91% and 1.0032 × 10−8 m2, respectively, after the UAPEPCr stage. Uniaxial tensile and compression tests were conducted to measure the foam’s maximum strength and energy absorption per unit volume, yielding valuable insights into the material’s performance characteristics.
Reliability evaluation of flexible manufacturing systems based on three-layer index system with time-varying weights
Authors: Pei Yanhu , Liu Zhifeng , Xu Jingjing , Cheng Qiang , Cheng Yanhong
Published: March 2024

With the development of industrial manufacturing, flexible manufacturing system provides an effective way to improve the machining quality and efficiency, as well as reduce the manufacturing cost. Fflexible manufacturing system reliability has been one focus of recent studies. But a systematic, effective and executable reliability evaluation method has not yet proposed in existing researches. This work firstly presented a three-layer index system for flexible manufacturing system reliability evaluation, which is composed of the whole layer indexes, subsystem layer indexes and equipment layer indexes determined by system composition and running features analysis. Time-varying weights of each layer are calculated through the modelling of the reliability and reliability importance based on the classical two-state failure hypothesis. Then, considering multi-state failure modes of elements, a fuzzy evaluation model of flexible manufacturing system reliability is established based on fault grading and statistics, considering grade and number distributions of faults within a certain statistical period. Moreover, through a simulation case of a box-parts finishing flexible manufacturing system, the influence of failure rates and service time on the index weights distribution is firstly revealed, which can provide theoretical basis for the improvement of flexible manufacturing system reliability; then the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the comparison of results obtained by the previous model based on two-state failure and the proposed model based on multi-state failure.
Depriving friction stir weld defects in dissimilar aluminum lap joints
Authors: Suresh S , Natarajan Elango , Mohan Dhanesh G , Ang Chun Kit , Sudhagar S
Published: March 2024

The contemporary automotive industry increasingly incorporates composite materials and innovative joining techniques to meet customer demands for lightweight, high-strength alloys. This research explores the feasibility of using friction stir welding (FSW) methods to fabricate dissimilar aluminum nanocomposite lap joints, integrating Al2O3 nanoparticles into the weld nugget. Lap joints were prepared with varying tool rotation speeds (1000–1600 rpm) and the mechanical and metallurgical behaviors of AA6061–AA7075-T6/Al2O3 lap joints were examined. The inclusion of filler material in the weld joint resulted in an 18% increase in shear strength compared to joints without filler. Dynamic crystallization impeded grain boundaries and reduced grain size in the weld stir zone (SZ), with the most enhanced mechanical characteristics observed at a tool rotation speed of 1400 rpm. The shear strength at 1400 rpm was 5780 N, representing a 17% increase compared to joints prepared at 1000 rpm. Field emission scanning electron microscopic examination revealed evenly dispersed Al2O3 nanoparticles within the weld zone, supporting the lap shear test results. Notably, joints created at lower (1000 rpm) and higher tool rotational speeds (1600 rpm) exhibited brittle fracture behavior. The addition of Al2O3 significantly improved lap joint tensile strength due to its uniform dispersion in the SZ. Increasing the FSW tool rotational speed from 1000 to 1400 rpm facilitated nanoparticle dispersion, further enhancing lap joint strength.
Book review: Jason Keith Fernandes. 2020. Citizenship in a Caste Polity: Religion, Language and Belonging in Goa
Authors: Promodh Irene
Published: March 2024

Jason Keith Fernandes. 2020. Citizenship in a Caste Polity: Religion, Language and Belonging in Goa. Orient BlackSwan. 380 pp., £35.50. ISBN: 9789352879946 (hardback).
The Effects of 5 Minutes of Static Stretching on Joint Flexibility and Muscle Strength Are Comparable Between Ballet Dancers and Non-Dancers
Authors: Mizuno Takamasa , Okamoto Hiromi
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Ballet dancers have a special morphology, such as a large muscle thickness that affects passive torque. Ballet dancers also possess specialized mechanical, and neural properties of muscles and tendons. These characteristics may produce different static stretching effects than non-dancers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of static stretching on joint range of motion, passive torque, and muscle strength between ballet dancers and non-dancers. Methods: This study included 13 ballet dancers and 13 college students. The muscle and tendon thicknesses were assessed using ultrasonography. In the right lower extremity, torque-angle data and muscle-tendon junction displacement measurements were obtained during isokinetic passive dorsiflexion before and after a 5-minute static stretch against the right plantar flexors. The relative stretching intensity was calculated by dividing the stretching angle by the maximal dorsiflexion angle pre-stretch. Additionally, the isometric maximal voluntary plantar flexion torque on the left ankle was measured before and after 5 minutes of static stretching against the left plantar flexors. Results: Ballet dancers had significantly greater muscle thickness than non-dancers (22.4 ± 2.2 vs 18.1 ± 1.7 mm), whereas no significant difference was observed in the Achilles tendon thickness. No significant difference was observed in the stretching angle; however, the relative stretching intensity was higher in the control group (65.9 ± 19.8 vs 127.5 ± 63.8%). Static stretching increased the maximal dorsiflexion angle (dancer: 30.4° ± 9.6° to 33.9° ± 9.5°, non-dancer: 18.4° ± 8.6° to 20.5° ± 9.5°) and maximal passive torque in both groups, whereas the maximal isometric plantar flexion torque and submaximal passive torque decreased. However, no significant differences were observed in the changes between the groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that despite having a lower relative stretching intensity, ballet dancers experienced similar changes as non-dancers after 5 minutes of static stretching.
An ecological model of experienced stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Malaysia
Authors: Zay Hta May Kyi , Ting Rachel Sing-Kiat , Ong Esther Zhen Mei , Jones Liz
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we adopted an ecological model and relational cognition framework to decolonize pandemic stigma in a non-WEIRD society. We reconstructed the concept of pandemic stigma in an ex-colonized and multicultural society of Southeast Asia region, by conducting a qualitative study in Malaysia to explore their lived experiences of differential treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic from 2020 to 2022. We interviewed 30 Malaysians aged 18–64 of diverse ethnicities (Malays, Chinese, Indians, and other minorities) through online semi-structured sessions and coded the transcripts through consensus thematic analysis. Results showed that the interviewees’ lived experiences of stigma could be conceptualized as negative interactions with multiple systems: (1) Kinship, (2) Companionship, (3) Organizations, (4) Societal (5) Political, as well as (6) Internal systems. We found that interviewees attributed their experiences of stigma to (1) Individual (self) reasons, (2) Impact of close relationships, (3) Impact of casual social interactions, and (4) Impact of cultural-political context. Our findings could be translated into culturally responsive and context-specific interventions, which addressed systemic injustice that exacerbated the global polarization during the pandemic.
The relationship between motivation profiles for health-oriented physical activity, basic psychological needs and emotional regulation
Authors: Vega-Díaz Marta , Martinent Guillaume , González-García Higinio
Published: March 2024

The study of motivation toward health-oriented physical activity helps to know the reasons that guide people to practice physical activity. Moreover, different types and levels of motivation may coexist. As such, this paper aimed to analyze the combination of motivation for health-oriented physical activity profiles and examine whether profiles differed in emotional regulation and basic psychological needs. A sample of 808 Spanish adults between 18 and 65 years old ( Mage = 33.90; Standard Deviation = 12.91; 366 men) participated in a cross-sectional study. Results revealed the existence of three different motivational profiles: (a) Low scores in self-determined motivation and average-high scores in non-self-determined motivation; (b) Average scores in self-determined and non-self-determined motivation; (c) High scores in self-determined motivation and average-high in non-self-determined motivation. Furthermore, participants differed in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and cognitive-emotional regulation strategies depending on the profiles combination that they perceive. In conclusion, practitioners need to enhance an optimal combination of motivation profiles to satisfy better basic psychological needs and the use of functional cognitive-emotional regulation strategies since this could help improve psychological and emotional health in adults.
Winning the Ad Battle: Exploring the Influence of Subtle Design Elements and Gaming Platform on Consumer Attention and Brand Memory in In-Game Advertising
Authors: S. Sreejesh , Ghosh Tathagata
Published: March 2024

Research on gamification of advertising concerning subtle design elements of computer games and their effects on consumers’ psychological responses are limited. The present research addresses this gap by examining how consumers’ attention and memory of brands advertised in a game, popularly called in-game advertising (IGA), are positively affected by the type of the gaming platform (mobile vs. PC) and rule orientation (or game rules) in the presence of potential moderators such as interactivity with the ad and congruence between the ad and game’s goals. Two experimental studies are conducted that investigate these afore-mentioned effects. The results indicate an interaction effect such that rule enactment under high ad interactivity and high ad–game goal congruence increases attention and memory of ads in mobile-based IGAs. Further, these affects are mediated through media and ad transportation, that is, players’ immersion experience in the flow of a story while playing the game. The research advances past knowledge on advertising effectiveness in computer games by exploring a less studied area, that is, the independent and interactive effects of game design elements. It also contributes to the flow experience literature in the domain of gamification by revealing a sequential pathway involving media and ad transportation. Also, it adds novelty to the gamification literature by exploring the role of gaming platforms and their interaction with design elements. For the game developers and advertisers, the research provides strategic guidance to manipulate these elements and to choose suitable platforms for the purpose of maximizing consumers’ favorable psychological responses.
Development of an in situ alloying method for high-performance welding processes to achieve an LTT effect by local modification of the alloy content
Authors: Gamerdinger M , Clemens M , Olschok S , Reisgen U
Published: March 2024

One possible option for increasing the fatigue strength of welded joints is the use of so-called low transformation temperature (LTT) alloys. The aim is to introduce residual compressive stresses into the weld to counteract crack initiation and propagation. Until now, there has been no application of an LTT effect to high-performance welding processes such as the laser beam submerged arc hybrid welding process (LUPuS hybrid). First, the LUPuS hybrid single-wire process was further developed into the LUPuS tandem hybrid process. This makes it possible to equip the two submerged arc welding torches with different commercially available filler wires. The aim of the work is to further develop the LUPuS tandem hybrid welding process to enable the use of the LTT effect. The in situ alloying process for obtaining the LTT effect from commercially available material combinations was extended to the two-wire process. The alloy obtained was investigated by means of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and hardness measurements and the influence on residual stresses was determined by the borehole method supported by electronic speckle pattern interferometry.
Combustion characteristics optimization and thermal efficiency enhancement by stratified charge of hydrogen direct injection for argon power cycle hydrogen engine
Authors: Ding Weiqi , Deng Renjie , Deng Jun , Wang Chenxu , Li Liguang
Published: March 2024

Argon power cycle hydrogen engine is a novel approach to increasing the thermal efficiency of hydrogen engines while achieving zero CO2 emissions. This paper presents a combination of experiments and simulations used to examine the effects of hydrogen direct injection on the combustion characteristics and thermal efficiency of argon power cycle engines. The results of the study indicate that, in comparison to port hydrogen injection, hydrogen direct injection produces a delay of CA50 exceeding 12.36°CA at an engine speed of 1000 r/min. This delay optimizes combustion and diminishes knock intensity to below 0.1 MPa by creating a stratified mixture, which in turn decelerates the combustion rate. Through adjusting hydrogen direct injection timing and incorporating super lean combustion, a maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency of 53.72% is achieved. By optimizing the first injection timing, the second injection timing, and the second injection ratio, dual hydrogen direct injection can significantly suppress knock and increase thermal efficiency compared with original single hydrogen injection conditions.
Stories of building friendships during long-term recovery from problematic substance use
Authors: Vigdal Mariann Iren , Svendsen Thomas Solgaard , Moltu Christian , Bjornestad Jone , Selseng Lillian Bruland
Published: March 2024

Background

Building friendship is crucial for attaining and upholding recovery from problematic substance use. However, how people who have used substances problematically develop friendships needs to be investigated more from a first-person perspective.

Aim

To provide insight into how people in long-term recovery find meaning in their experience of building friendships.

Method

In semi-structured interviews, 17 people in recovery drew network maps and reflected on how friendships had developed during the long-term process. We analysed the narratives by way of a thematic narrative approach.

Results

Participants presented the friendship-formation process through four distinct storylines: (1) ‘I don’t make friends easily’; (2) overcoming barriers to building friendships; (3) ‘birds of a feather flock together’; and (4) ‘having “regular” friends makes me feel like an “average” person’.

Conclusion

People in long-term recovery from problematic substance use felt haunted and hindered by past experiences when building friendships. These experiences created a social divide between those who had experienced problematic substance use and those who had not. The valuable insights that social workers can gain from this study can support friendship development for people in long-term recovery on multiple levels. By understanding someone’s self-perceptions and their perspectives on others, social workers can engage with barriers when people in recovery enter social environments such as work. We emphasise the significance of a long-term approach to overcoming barriers to building new friendships.
Regression of Intermediate-High Risk Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) With Long-term Use of Curcumin: A Case Report
Authors: Golombick Terry , Ramakrishna Rajeev , Manoharan Arumugam
Published: March 2024

Patients with intermediate-high risk MGUS are not offered therapeutic options to date and standard of care remains observation with re-evaluations of the patient every 3 to 6 months. Given the persistent risk of progression as well as potential complications experienced by some, and anxiety experienced by most patients, early intervention with non-toxic curcumin, aimed at potentially slowing down or stopping disease progression might be therapeutic. We present here an intermediate-high risk MGUS patient who has been taking curcumin for 16 years and has shown a decrease in disease markers and an increase in uninvolved immunoglobulins, adding to the body of evidence of benefit of curcumin to MGUS patients.
Analysis comparison model of ROC-TOPSIS, ROC-WP, and ROC-Electre methods for supporting the funding decision to micro-enterprises Indonesia
Authors: Hanin Noerul , Purwanto Hendri
Published: March 2024

Micro-business is an essential business unit that supports the economies of countries in the world, including Indonesia. Unfortunately, micro-entrepreneurs often find difficulties to obtain financial assistance from government to develop their businesses. In Indonesia, the smallest number of micro industries can be found in West Papua Province, where one of the underdeveloped areas in the province is the Sorong City. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the application of decision support methods in selecting micro-enterprises in Sorong that are eligible for business funding. The decision support method chosen is the collaboration between the Rank-Order Centroid (ROC) method, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Weight Product (WP), and Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite (Electre). With the analysis conducted on 10 samples of micro-enterprises in Sorong City, it was found that the micro-enterprises that were most eligible to receive assistance is Raya Helm based on ROC-TOPSIS, ROC-WP, and ROC-Electre. Then, sensitivity analysis results the ROC-Electre as the best method with the highest sensitivity percentage. Therefore, the implementation of these methods for supporting the funding decision to micro-enterprises in Sorong was successfully carried out with the output being the micro-enterprise rating results.
The Art and Politics of Participant-Driven Photo-Elicitation With Muslim Immigrant Older Women
Authors: Salma Jordana , Temuri Huda
Published: March 2024

Photo elicitation is a powerful data collection tool that involves using photographs within an interview encounter to articulate, expand on and uncover experiences of the social world. Between 2020 and 2022, 41 Muslim immigrant older women between the ages of 54 and 85 were recruited via community liaisons in an Urban Canadian setting to participate in a qualitative descriptive photo elicitation study on social connectedness. We explore methodological and ethical considerations of using photo elicitation in narrative interviews with Muslim older women with a focus on: (1) selection and access to photographs, (2) informed consent, (3) shared meaning-making, (4) politics of a photograph, and (5) digital opportunities within a pandemic. The discussion highlights the ways gender, age and religion intersect to influence decision-making during research activities.
Comparison of collision dynamics of soccer balls with energy dissipation method
Authors: Tunçel Asım , Özgören Nihat , Aritan Serdar
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to understand the collision characteristics of different soccer balls by determining energy dissipation (ED) during collisions. Soccer balls from five different brands were kicked towards a framed tempered glass. The kicks were performed with the balls inflated under three inner pressure conditions. The motion of each ball was recorded using two high-speed cameras at 6000 Hz. The contact surface area (CSA), ball indentation amount (IA), reaction forces (RF) and energetic coefficient of restitution (CoR) during contact were calculated via image processing methods. A new methodological approach was developed to determine the ED during the collision (EDDC). The accuracy of the estimated RF was validated using force plate data, and the CSA values validated the calculated IA. The EDDC were then reduced to a single value to compare with the CoR values obtained using the traditional formula. Differences between CoR and EDDC were statistically tested. One-way ANOVA tests were performed separately to compare the effect of the ball brand on the IA and EDDC for each inner pressure condition. The CoR and EDDC showed no significant difference, proving that the developed method is a valid measure of ED. At 1.0 bar inner pressure, IA and EDDC showed significant differences according to the brands. EDDC, depending on the ball quality, decreased at higher inner pressure values regardless of the brand. Consequently, the present study exhibited that ball quality becomes a critical factor in collision dynamics at high inner pressure values, considering that ball inner pressure may vary between 0.6 and 1.0 bar in official soccer matches.
Flame transfer function shaping for robust thermoacoustic systems: Application to a kinematic flame model
Authors: Reumschüssel Johann Moritz , Kroll Paul-Florian , von Saldern Jakob GR , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian , Orchini Alessandro
Published: March 2024

This work presents a data-driven optimization technique for the optimization of the flame response within a low-order acoustic network model. The methodology exploits the Nyquist criterion to compute a measure of thermoacoustic robustness at targeted frequencies, which serves as an objective value for the optimized system. The method is demonstrated using a simple Rijke tube model coupled with a [Formula: see text]-equation solver to model flame dynamics. The approach is shown to efficiently increase the stability margin of the system by modifying the flame transfer function. The methodology is applied to two examples, based on which possible scenarios are discussed and the potential and limitations associated with the practical implementation of the method are analyzed.