bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portfólio de aprendizagem: um instrumento para avaliação em aulas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral
Authors: Mendes Marcele Tavares , Magnoni Anna Flavia , Gonçalves William Jose , Trevisan André Luis
Published: January 2020

Este texto discute a experiência de utilização de um portfólio de aprendizagem como instrumento de avaliação em aulas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. Para tal, lança mão de produções elaboradas por alunos matriculados em turmas sob responsabilidade de um dos autores, de cursos de Engenharia de uma universidade federal no Paraná no ano de 2017. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a discussão realizada a partir da análise da produção escrita presente nos relatórios tem natureza qualitativa e se fundamenta em uma análise interpretativa. Evidenciamos, a partir da análise realizada, o portfólio como um instrumento de avaliação profícuo para o alcance de funções subjacentes a uma prática avaliativa como prática de investigação e oportunidade de aprendizagem, em que a primeira finalidade é pedagógica. As funções subjacentes referem-se a: regulação da aprendizagem; reforço, orientação e harmonização de conteúdos do currículo; inventariação, investigação e exploração de conhecimentos; estabelecimento de um diálogo entre alunos e professor.
O constituir-se professor ao estar-com a Investigação Matemática
Authors: Wichnoski Paulo , Bassoi Tânia Stella
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho, tematizamos a formação de professores ao estar-com[1] a Investigação Matemática no âmbito de um grupo de formação e nos interessamos, enquanto foco da pesquisa, pelos aspectos que se revelaram significativos ao processo de constituir-se professor neste contexto. De uma postura qualitativa, procedendo de acordo com os pressupostos da pesquisa fenomenológica e hermenêutica interrogamos: quais aspectos se revelaram significativos no processo de constituir-se professor ao estar-com a Investigação Matemática no contexto de um grupo de formação? Articulados em dois grupos de ideias, os dados nos permitem inferir que a experiência e a relação eu-outro se mostraram aspectos relevantes à formação. A experiência entendida como o encontro do ser com algo que experimenta, o eu concebido como o individual autêntico dos sujeitos e o outro concebido como o colega, o professor coordenador, a literatura, o mundo. Afirmamos, portanto, que o processo de constituir-se professor investigador ocorreu na experiência produzida por relações interpessoais, na esfera subjetiva do eu e intersubjetiva do outro, sendo dependente do modo que o sujeito a ele se dirigiu e o percebeu, bem como do sentido que atribuiu ao percebido.[1] Termo ligado à concepção heideggeriana que significa estar junto a, ao existir no mundo e diz da abertura do modo de ser para outros entes (BICUDO, 2009).
Mitigation of PM2.5 and ozone pollution in Delhi: a sensitivity study during the pre-monsoon period
Authors: Chen Ying , Wild Oliver , Ryan Edmund , Sahu Saroj Kumar , Lowe Douglas , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Wang Yu , McFiggans Gordon , Ansari Tabish , Singh Vikas , Sokhi Ranjeet S. , Archibald Alex , Beig Gufran
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) are major air pollutants in megacities such as Delhi, but the design of suitable mitigation strategies is challenging. Some strategies for reducing
PM2.5 may have the notable side effect of increasing O3. Here, we demonstrate a numerical framework for investigating the impacts of
mitigation strategies on both PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. We use
Gaussian process emulation to generate a computationally efficient surrogate for a regional air quality model (WRF-Chem). This allows us to perform global sensitivity analysis to identify the major sources of air pollution and to generate emission-sector-based pollutant response surfaces to inform mitigation policy development. Based on more than 100 000 emulation runs during the pre-monsoon period (peak O3 season), our global sensitivity analysis shows that local traffic emissions from the Delhi city region and regional transport of pollution emitted from the National Capital Region (NCR) surrounding Delhi are dominant factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. They together govern the O3 peak and PM2.5 concentration during daytime. Regional transport contributes about 80% of the PM2.5 variation during the night. Reducing traffic emissions in Delhi alone (e.g. by 50 %) would reduce PM2.5 by 15 %–20 % but lead to a 20 %–25 % increase in O3. However, we show that reducing NCR regional emissions by 25 %–30 % at the same time would further reduce PM2.5 by 5 %–10 % in Delhi and avoid the O3 increase. This study provides scientific evidence to support the need for joint coordination of controls on local and regional scales to achieve effective reduction in PM2.5 whilst minimising the risk of O3 increase in Delhi.
Long-term (1999–2019) variability of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa, Hawaii, as seen by two co-located lidars and satellite measurements
Authors: Chouza Fernando , Leblanc Thierry , Barnes John , Brewer Mark , Wang Patrick , Koon Darryl
Published: January 2020

Abstract. As part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), ground-based measurements obtained from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) stratospheric ozone lidar and the NOAA stratospheric aerosol lidar at Mauna Loa, Hawaii over the past two decades were used to investigate the impact of volcanic eruptions and pyro-cumulonimbus smoke plumes on the stratospheric aerosol load above Hawaii since 1999. Measurements at 355 nm and 532 nm conducted by these two lidars revealed Ångström exponents of −1.6 for background plumes and −0.6 for a PyroCb plume recorded on September 2017. Measurements of the Nabro plume by the JPL lidar in 2011/2012 showed a lidar ratio of (64 ± 12.7) sr at 355 nm around the center of the plume. The new GloSSAC, CALIOP Level 3 and SAGE III-ISS stratospheric aerosol datasets were compared to the ground-based lidar datasets. The intercomparison revealed a generally good agreement, with vertical profiles of extinction coefficient within 50 % of discrepancy between 17 km and 23 km above sea level (ASL), and 25 % above 23 km ASL. The stratospheric aerosol depth derived from all these datasets shows good agreement, with the largest discrepancy (20 %) being observed between the new CALIOP Level 3 and the other datasets. All datasets consistently reveal a relatively quiescent period between 1999 and 2005, followed by an active period of multiple eruptions (e.g., Nabro) until early 2012. Another quiescent period, with slightly higher aerosol background, lasted until mid-2017, when a combination of extensive wildfires and multiple volcanic eruptions caused a significant increase in stratospheric aerosol loading. This loading maximized at the very end of the time period considered (fall 2019) as a result of the Raikoke eruption, the plume of which ascended to 26 km altitude in less than three months.
Amine and guanidine emissions from a boreal forest floor
Authors: Hemmilä Marja , Makkonen Ulla , Virkkula Aki , Panagiotopoulou Georgia , Aalto Juho , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka , Hakola Hannele , Hellén Heidi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We measured amine and guanidine emission rates from a boreal forest floor in Finland with 1-h time resolution, using an online ion chromatograph (instrument for Measuring AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air – MARGA) coupled with an electrospray ionization-quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). MARGA-MS was connected to a closed dynamic flow-through poly(methyl methacrylate) chamber. Chamber recovery for the emission measurements was tested semi-quantitatively for monomethyl-, dimethyl- and trimethylamine (MMA, DMA and TMA), and the results were 19 %, 29 % and 24 %, respectively. MMA, DMA and TMA showed maximum emission rates in July, but the highest emission rates for guanidine were in April, when snow was melting. The MMA, DMA and TMA emission rates also clearly varied diurnally, especially in July with maxima at afternoon. Diethylamine (DEA) also showed higher emission rates, with clear diurnal cycles in July. Other amine emission rates were mostly below the detection limits. The temperature dependencies of the emissions were studied, and we noted a correlation between the emission rates and chamber temperature (Tchamber). Especially in July emission rates of DMA followed Tchamber measured two hours earlier and guanidine showed a similar pattern. On the other hand, the TMA emission rates correlated with Tchamber measured at the same time. This could be due to lower vaporizing temperature of TMA. Emission rates of DMA and TMA showed some air temperature (Tair) dependency, but for MMA dependency was not as clear.
Developing a novel hybrid model for the estimation of surface 8-h ozone (O3) across the remote Tibetan Plateau during 2005–2018
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Yilong , Meng Ya , Zhou Wenhui , Zhang Ziyu , Fu Hongbo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We developed a two-stage model named random forest-generalized additive model (RF-GAM) based on satellite data, meteorological factors, and other geographical covariates to predict the surface 8-h O3 concentration across the remote Tibetan Plateau. The 10-fold cross-validation result suggested that RF-GAM showed the excellent performance with the highest R2 value (0.76) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (14.41 μg/m3) compared with other seven machine learning models. The predictive performance of RF-GAM model showed significantly seasonal discrepency with the highest R2 value observed in summer (0.74), followed by winter (0.69) and autumn (0.67), and the lowest one in spring (0.64). Additionally, the unlearning ground-observed O3 data collected from open websites were applied to test the transferring ability of the novel model, and confirmed that the model was robust to predict the surface 8-h O3 concentration during other periods (R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 25.68 μg/m3). RF-GAM was then used to predict the daily 8-h O3 level over Tibetan Plateau during 2005–2018 for the first time. It was found that the estimated O3 concentration displayed a slow increase from 64.74 ± 8.30 μg/m3 to 66.45 ± 8.67 μg/m3 2005 through 2015, whereas it decreased from the peak to 65.87 ± 8.52 μg/m3 during 2015–2018. Besides, the estimated 8-h O3 concentrations exhibited notably spatial variation with the highest values in some cities of North Tibetan Plateau such as Huangnan (73.48 ± 4.53 μg/m3) and Hainan (72.24 ± 5.34 μg/m3), followed by the cities in the central region including Lhasa (65.99 ± 7.24 μg/m3) and Shigatse (65.15 ± 6.14 μg/m3), and the lowest one in some cities of Southeast Tibetan Plateau such as Aba (55.17 ± 12.77 μg/m3). Based on the 8-h O3 critical value (100 μg/m3) scheduled by World Health Organization (WHO), we further estimated the annually mean nonattainment days over Tibetan Plateau this period. It should be noted that most of the cities in Tibetan Plateau shared with the excellent air quality, while several cities (e.g., Huangnan, Haidong, and Guoluo) still suffered from more than 40 nonattainment days each year, which should be paid more attention to alleviate local O3 pollution. The result shown herein confirms the novel hybrid model improves the prediction accuracy and can be applied to assess the potential health risk, particularly in the remote regions with sparse monitoring sites.
Forest aboveground biomass stock and resilience in a tropical landscape of Thailand
Authors: Jha Nidhi , Tripathi Nitin Kumar , Chanthorn Wirong , Brockelman Warren , Nathalang Anuttara , Pélissier Raphaël , Pimmasarn Siriruk , Ploton Pierre , Sasaki Nophea , Virdis Salvatore G. P. , Réjou-Méchain Maxime
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Half of Asian
tropical forests were disturbed in the last century resulting in the
dominance of secondary forests in Southeast Asia. However, the rate at which
biomass accumulates during the recovery process in these forests is poorly
understood. We studied a forest landscape located in Khao Yai National Park
(Thailand) that experienced strong disturbances in the last century due to
clearance by swidden farmers. Combining recent field and airborne laser
scanning (ALS) data, we first built a high-resolution aboveground biomass
(AGB) map of over 60 km2 of forest landscape. We then used the
random forest algorithm and Landsat time series (LTS) data to classify
landscape patches as non-forested versus forested on an almost annual basis
from 1972 to 2017. The resulting chronosequence was then used in combination
with the AGB map to estimate forest carbon recovery rates in secondary forest
patches during the first 42 years of succession. The ALS-AGB model predicted
AGB with an error of 14 % at 0.5 ha resolution (RMSE=45 Mg ha−1) using the mean top-of-canopy height as a single
predictor. The mean AGB over the landscape was 291 Mg ha−1,
showing a high level of carbon storage despite past disturbance history. We
found that AGB recovery varies non-linearly in the first 42 years of the
succession, with an increasing rate of accumulation through time. We
predicted a mean AGB recovery rate of 6.9 Mgha-1yr-1, with
a mean AGB gain of 143 and 273 Mg ha−1 after 20 and 40 years,
respectively. This rate estimate is about 50 % larger than the rate
prescribed for young secondary Asian tropical rainforests in the 2019
refinement of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
inventories. Our study hence suggests that the new IPCC rates, which were
based on limited data from Asian tropical rainforests, strongly underestimate
the carbon potential of forest regrowth in tropical Asia. Our recovery
estimates are also within the range of those reported for the well-studied
Latin American secondary forests under similar climatic conditions. This
study illustrates the potential of ALS data not only for scaling up field AGB
measurements but also for predicting AGB recovery dynamics when combined with
long-term satellite data. It also illustrates that tropical forest landscapes
that were disturbed in the past are of utmost importance for the regional
carbon budget and thus for implementing international programs such as REDD+.
Quantity and distribution of methane entrapped in sediments of calcareous, Alpine glacier forefields
Authors: Zhu Biqing , Kübler Manuel , Ridoli Melanie , Breitenstein Daniel , Schroth Martin H.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Aside from many well-known sources, the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) was recently discovered entrapped in sediments of Swiss Alpine glacier forefields derived from calcareous bedrock. A first study performed in one glacial catchment indicated that CH4 was ubiquitous in sediments and rocks, and was largely of thermogenic origin. Here we present results of a follow-up study, which aimed at (1) determining occurrence and origin of sediment-entrapped CH4 in other calcareous glacier forefields across Switzerland, and (2) providing an inventory for this sediment-entrapped CH4, i.e., determining contents and total mass of CH4 present, and its spatial distribution within and between five different Swiss glacier forefields situated on calcareous formations of the Helvetic Nappes of the Central Alps. Sediment and bedrock samples were collected at high spatial resolution from the forefields of Im Griess, Griessfirn, Griessen, Wildstrubel, and Tsanfleuron glaciers, representing different geographic and geologic regions of the Helvetic Nappes. We performed geochemical analyses on gas extracted from sediments and rocks, including determination of CH4 contents, stable carbon-isotope analyses (δ13CCH4), and determination of gas-wetness ratios (ratio of CH4 to ethane and propane contents). To estimate the total mass of CH4 entrapped in glacier-forefield sediments, the total volume of sediment was determined based on measured forefield area and either literature values of mean sediment depth or direct depth measurements using electrical-resistivity tomography. Methane was found in all sediments (0.08–73.81 μg CH4 g−1 dry weight) and most rocks (0.06–108.58 µg CH4 g−1) collected from the five glacier forefields, confirming that entrapped CH4 is ubiquitous in these calcareous formations. Geochemical analyses further confirmed a thermogenic origin of the entrapped CH4 (average δ13C-CH4 of sediment: −28.23 (± 3.42) ‰; average gas-wetness ratio: 75.2 (± 48.4)). Whereas sediment-entrapped CH4 contents varied moderately within individual forefields, we noted a large, significant difference in CH4 content and total CH4 mass (range: 200–3881 t CH4) between glacier forefields at the regional scale. Lithology and tectonic setting within the Helvetic Nappes appeared to be dominant factors determining rock and sediment CH4 contents. Overall, a substantial quantity of CH4 was found to be entrapped in Swiss calcareous glacier forefields. Its potential release and subsequent fate in this environment is the subject of ongoing studies.
Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: Influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes
Authors: Dinauer Ashley , Adolphi Florian , Joos Fortunat
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Despite intense focus on the ~ 190 permil drop in atmospheric Δ14C across the deglacial “mystery interval”, the specific mechanisms responsible for the apparent Δ14C excess in the glacial atmosphere have received considerably less attention. The computationally efficient Bern3D earth system model of intermediate complexity, designed for long-term climate simulations, allows us to address a very fundamental but still elusive question concerning the atmospheric Δ14C record: How can we explain the persistence of relatively high Δ14C values during the millennia after the Laschamp event? Large uncertainties in the pre-Holocene 14C production rate, as well as in the older portion of the Δ14C record, complicate our qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the glacial Δ14C elevation. Here we begin with sensitivity experiments that investigate the controls on atmospheric Δ14C in more idealized settings. We show that the long-term process of sedimentation may be much more important to the simulation of Δ14C than had been previously thought. In order to provide a bounded estimate of glacial Δ14C change, the Bern3D model was integrated with five available estimates of the 14C production rate as well as reconstructed and hypothesized paleoclimate forcing. Model results demonstrate that none of the available reconstructions of past changes in 14C production can reproduce the elevated Δ14C levels during the last glacial. In order to increase atmospheric Δ14C to glacial levels, a drastic reduction of air-sea exchange efficiency in the polar regions must be assumed, though discrepancies remain for the portion of the record younger than ~ 33 kyr BP. We end with an illustration of how the 14C production rate would have had to evolve to be consistent with the Δ14C record, by combining an atmospheric radiocarbon budget with the Bern3D model. The overall conclusion is that the remaining discrepancies with respect to glacial Δ14C may be linked to an underestimation of 14C production and/or a biased-high reconstruction of Δ14C over the time period of interest. Alternatively, we appear to still be missing an important carbon cycle process for atmospheric Δ14C.
Stripping back the Modern to reveal Cretaceous climate and temperature gradient underneath
Authors: Laugié Marie , Donnadieu Yannick , Ladant Jean-Baptise , Green Mattias , Bopp Laurent , Raisson François
Published: January 2020

Abstract. During past geological times, the Earth suffered several intervals of global warmth but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful appraisal of the main processes involved in those past events is essential to evaluate how they can inform future climates, and thus to provide decision makers with a clear understanding of the processes at play in a warmer world. In this context, the greenhouse Earth of the Cretaceous era, specifically the Cenomanian-Turonian (~ 94 Ma), is of particular interest, as it corresponds to a thermal maximum. Here we use the IPSL-CM5A2 Earth System Model to unravel the forcing parameters of the Cenomanian-Turonian greenhouse climate. We perform six simulations with an incremental change in five major boundary conditions in order to isolate their respective role on climate change between the Cretaceous and the preindustrial. Starting with a preindustrial simulation, we implement: (1) the absence of polar ice sheets, (2) the increase in atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm, (3) the change of vegetation and soil parameters, (4) the 1 % decrease in the Cenomanian-Turonian value of the solar constant and (5) the Cenomanian-Turonian paleogeography. Between the first (preindustrial) simulation and the last (Cretaceous) simulation, the model simulates a global warming of more than 11 °C. Most of this warming is driven by the increase in atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm. Paleogeographic changes represent the second major contributor to the global warming while the reduction in the solar constant counteracts most of the geographically-driven global warming. We also demonstrate that the implementation of Cretaceous boundary conditions flattens the temperature gradients compared to the piControl simulation. Interestingly, we show that paleogeography is the major driver of the flattening in the low- to mid-latitudes whereas the pCO2 rise and polar ice sheet retreat dominate the high-latitudes response.
A field validated surrogate model for optimum performance of irrigated crops in regions with shallow salty groundwater
Authors: Liu Zhongyi , Huo Zailin , Wang Chaozi , Zhang Limin , Wang Xianghao , Huang Guanhua , Xu Xu , Steenhuis Tammo Siert
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Optimum performance of irrigated crops in regions with shallow saline groundwater requires a careful balance between application of irrigation water and upward movement of salinity from the groundwater. Few field validated surrogate models are available to aid in the management of irrigation water under shallow groundwater conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a model that can aid in the management using a minimum of input data that is field validated. In this paper a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, China and a physically based integrated surrogate model for arid irrigated areas with shallow groundwater was developed and validated with the collected field data. The integrated model that links crop growth with available water and salinity in the vadose zone is called Evaluation of the Performance of Irrigated Crops and Soils (EPICS). EPICS recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and thus not by a limiting hydraulic conductivity. In the field experiment, soil moisture contents and soil salt conductivity at 5 depths in the top 100 cm, groundwater depth, crop height, and leaf area index were measured in 2017 and 2018. The field results were used for calibration and validation of EPICS. Simulated and observed data fitted generally well during both calibration and validation. The EPICS model that can predict crop growth, soil water, groundwater depth and soil salinity can aid in optimizing water management in irrigation districts with shallow aquifers.
Reflection tomography of time-lapse GPR data for studying dynamic unsaturated flow phenomena
Authors: Mangel Adam R. , Moysey Stephen M. J. , Bradford John
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection tomography algorithms allow
non-invasive monitoring of water content changes resulting from flow in the
vadose zone. The approach requires multi-offset GPR data that are
traditionally slow to collect. We automate GPR data collection to reduce the
survey time significantly, thereby making this approach to hydrologic
monitoring feasible. The method was evaluated using numerical simulations
and laboratory experiments that suggest reflection tomography can provide
water content estimates to within 5 % vol vol−1–10 % vol vol−1 for the
synthetic studies, whereas the empirical estimates were typically within
5 %–15 % of measurements from in situ probes. Both studies show larger
observed errors in water content near the periphery of the wetting front,
beyond which additional reflectors were not present to provide data
coverage. Overall, coupling automated GPR data collection with reflection
tomography provides a new method for informing models of subsurface
hydrologic processes and a new method for determining transient 2-D soil
moisture distributions.
Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant
Authors: Sharon Matty , Sagy Amir , Kurzon Ittai , Marco Shmuel , Rosensaft Marcelo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present a methodology for mapping faults that constitute a potential
hazard to structures, with an emphasis on ground shake hazards and on
surface rupture nearby critical facilities such as dams and nuclear power
plants. The methodology categorises faults by hierarchic seismo-tectonic
criteria, which are designed according to the degree of certainty for recent activity and the accessibility of the information within a given region. First, the instrumental seismicity is statistically processed to obtain the gridded seismicity of the earthquake density and the seismic moment density parameters. Their spatial distribution
reveals the zones of the seismic sources, within the examined period. We
combine these results with geodetic and pre-instrumental slip rates,
historical earthquake data, geological maps and aerial photography to define and categorise faults that are likely to generate significant earthquakes (M≥6.0). Their mapping is fundamental for seismo-tectonic modelling and for probabilistic seismic
hazard analyses (PSHAs). In addition, for surface rupture hazard, we create a database and a map of Quaternary capable faults by developing criteria according to the regional stratigraphy and the tectonic configuration. The relationship between seismicity, slip dynamics and fault activity through time is an intrinsic result of our analysis that allows revealing the dynamic of the deformation in the region. The presented methodology expands the ability to differentiate between subgroups for planning or maintenance of different constructions or for research aims, and it can be applied in other regions.
Construction of regional multi-hazard interaction frameworks, with an application to Guatemala
Authors: Gill Joel C. , Malamud Bruce D. , Barillas Edy Manolo , Guerra Noriega Alex
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Here we present an interdisciplinary approach to developing comprehensive, systematic, and evidenced visual syntheses of potential natural-hazard interactions at regional scales (or regional interaction frameworks). Frameworks can help with understanding the multi-hazard environment of a specific spatial extent. We explain our approach and apply this in Guatemala, developing regional interaction frameworks for national and sub-national (southern Guatemalan Highlands) spatial extents. The frameworks are constructed and populated using five evidence types relevant to natural-hazard interactions: (A) internationally accessible literature (93 peer-reviewed and 76 grey-literature sources), (B) locally accessible civil-protection bulletins (267 bulletins from 11 June to 15 October 2010), (C) field observations, (D) stakeholder interviews (19 semi-structured
interviews), and (E) a stakeholder workshop (16 participants). These five evidence types were synthesised to determine an appropriate natural-hazard classification scheme for Guatemala, with 6 natural-hazard groups, 19 hazard types, and 37 hazard sub-types. For a national spatial extent in Guatemala, we proceed to construct and populate a regional interaction framework (matrix form), identifying 50 possible interactions between 19 hazard types. For a sub-national spatial extent (southern Guatemalan Highlands), we construct and populate a regional interaction framework (matrix form), identifying 114 possible interactions between 33 hazard sub-types relevant in the southern Guatemalan Highlands. We also use this evidence to explore networks of multi-hazard interactions (cascades) and anthropogenic processes that can trigger natural hazards. We present this information through accessible visualisations to improve understanding of multi-hazard interactions in Guatemala. We believe that our regional interaction framework's approach to multi-hazards is scalable, working at global to local scales with differing resolutions of information. Our approach can also be replicated in other geographical settings. We demonstrate how regional interaction frameworks and the discussion of potential scenarios arising from them can help with enhancing the cross-institutional dialogue on multi-hazard interactions and their likelihood and potential impacts. We review future research directions and steps to embed interaction frameworks into agencies contributing to the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Satellite-based sea ice thickness changes in the Laptev Sea from 2002 to 2017: Comparison to mooring observations
Authors: Belter Hans Jakob , Krumpen Thomas , Hendricks Stefan , Hoelemann Jens A. , Janout Markus A. , Ricker Robert , Haas Christian
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The gridded sea ice thickness (SIT) climate data record (CDR) produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sea Ice Climate Change Initiative Phase 2 (CCI-2) is the longest available, Arctic-wide SIT record covering the period from 2002 to 2017. SIT data is based on radar altimetry measurements of sea ice freeboard from the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) and CryoSat-2 (CS2). The CCI-2 SIT has previously been validated with in situ observations from drilling, airborne electromagnetic (EM) measurements and Upward-Looking Sonars (ULS) from multiple ice-covered regions of the Arctic. Here we present the Laptev Sea CCI-2 SIT record from 2002 to 2017 and use newly acquired ULS and upward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) sea ice draft data (VAL) for validation of the gridded CCI-2 and additional satellite SIT products. The ULS and ADCP time series provide the first long-term satellite SIT validation data set from this important source region of sea ice in the Transpolar Drift. The comparison of VAL sea ice draft data with gridded monthly mean and orbit trajectory CCI-2 data, as well as merged CryoSat-2/SMOS (CS2SMOS) sea ice draft shows that the agreement between the satellite and VAL draft data strongly depends on the thickness of the sampled ice. Rather than providing mean sea ice draft the considered satellite products provide modal sea ice draft in the Laptev Sea. Ice thinner than the modal draft is overestimated, while thicker ice is increasingly underestimated by all satellite products investigated for this study. This tendency of the satellite SIT products to better agree with modal sea ice draft and underestimate thicker ice needs to be considered for all past and future investigations into SIT changes in this important region. The performance of the CCI-2 SIT CDR is considered stable over time, however, observed trends in gridded CCI-2 SIT are strongly influenced by the uncertainties of ENVISAT and CS2 and the comparably short investigation period.
Mal de archivo. Disciplina y biopolítica del diseño de bibliotecas en la arquitectura contemporánea
Authors: León-Casero Jorge , Castejón J. María
Published: January 2020

Durante las últimas décadas el diseño de bibliotecas ha experimentado un giro radical, pasando de ser concebidas como simples archivos del conocimiento existente a serlo como infraestructuras polivalentes que favorezcan el establecimiento de relaciones sociales de carácter transversal y heterogéneo. A partir de la obra de Foucault y Deleuze, el presente artículo realiza un análisis de las cuatro bibliotecas del siglo XX que sintetizan los cuatro modos principales –dos disciplinares y dos biopolíticos- en que la arquitectura puede funcionar como un dispositivo material del poder: El ritual, el panóptico, el rizoma y la meseta. Las conclusiones extraídas evidencian que, en contra de los discursos liberales que defienden el rizoma y la meseta como máquinas de libertad frente al poder disciplinar, los nuevos dispositivos de la arquitectura biopolítica producen una diseminación de los espacios de vigilancia y control mucho más difíciles de identificar que en el caso de la arquitectura disciplinar. En lugar de un mayor empoderamiento de sus usuarios, la arquitectura biopolítica está produciendo un efecto de ocultación del poder que dificulta el surgimiento de subjetividades antagónicas o contrahegemónicas.
Nonverbal Communication through Touch: Meanings for Physical Therapists Working in a Hospital Environment
Authors: Jamarim Michelle Ferraz Martins , da Silva Camila Zucato , Lima Gerusa Marcondes Pimentel de Abreu , Siqueira Cibele Leite , Campos Claudinei José Gomes
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To know the most used types of touch and understand their meanings for physical therapists working in a hospital environment, from the perspective of their feelings, attitudes and behaviors during care. Materials and methods: Qualitative case study conducted by physical therapists working at a hospital in Brazil. For data collection, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used as techniques. Data were analyzed according to the thematic content analysis proposed by Minayo. Results: 16 physical therapists participated in the study and, from the analysis of the empirical material, four thematic categories emerged: Instrumental touch as a fundamental resource of hospital physical therapy assistance; expressive touch: Its little presence does not mean absence of affection; physical therapist’s feelings related to touch and difficulty talking about touch means that there is a deficiency in training. Conclusions: The underuse of expressive touch revealed the lack of knowledge and unpreparedness in the formation of the physical therapist, which, added to the lack of self-knowledge, hinders the affection and the creation of bonds in relationships. All of this justifies the rare studies on affective touch in health, which reflects an area to be explored and the need to sensitize professionals to influence the quality and humanization of care.
Exploring Public Procurement Reforms in Rural Local Authorities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Munyede Paradzai , Mapuva Jephias
Published: January 2020

It has been noted that prior to the introduction of public procurement reforms, Zimbabwe’s procurement system was centralised, vulnerable to corruption, inefficient and bureaucratic. In 2018, the new decentralized public procurement reforms were introduced to address the shortcomings of the previous procurement regime by giving procurement powers to procuring entities. The aim of this paper is to highlight the implications of the reforms in implementation by rural local authorities in Zimbabwe. This paper adopted a qualitative research design with desktop approach being used to review related literature. The findings reveal that the plethora of reforms are a welcome development in public procurement. It has also been noted that there are many challenges militating against rural local authorities’ propensity to implement the new set of reforms. These challenges affect the ability of rural local authorities to deliver services timeously to communities thereby retarding realization of sustainable development in rural areas in Zimbabwe.
A BNCC do ensino médio no contexto da lei nº 13.415/2017: desafios e perspectivas para as juventudes das escolas públicas
Authors: Pestana Graziele de Jesus , Lima Ângela Maria de Sousa
Published: January 2020

A Reforma do Ensino Médio (Lei nº 13.415/17), implementada por meio impositivo, gerou revoltas e protestos, sobretudo, entre os especialistas em educação, acentuando a tensão entre o governo e os setores da sociedade civil. Dentre as modificações propostas, a que gerou maior insegurança foi a obrigatoriedade de Língua Portuguesa e de Matemática como únicas disciplinas valorizadas nos currículos escolares, enquanto os rumos das demais ficaram a cargo da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Desse modo, a intenção desse artigo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a produção acadêmica voltada para o tema, ressaltando as principais críticas dos especialistas em educação, assim como os maiores desafios a serem enfrentados e as perspectivas para o futuro da escola pública. O trabalho foi organizado através da análise documental, da sistematização de relatos de profissionais ligados ao Ensino Médio e à Licenciatura e de pesquisas na literatura especializada. Tanto a literatura acadêmica, quanto a opinião dos especialistas convergem na mesma direção, ou seja, que a Reforma do Ensino Médio aprofundará as desigualdades na Educação Básica e fomentará a desregulamentação da profissão docente, favorecendo as empresas privadas, sobretudo, a educação a distância.
O exame nacional do “bom” professor sob um olhar reflexivo
Authors: Almeida Raquel Silvano , Cabreira Luciana Grandini Gonçalves
Published: January 2020

O que caracteriza um “bom” professor? Nasce-se? Torna-se? A ideia de professor como uma profissão vocacionada coloca em questão a formação docente que vem sendo tema de inúmeros estudos acerca dos cursos de graduação em Licenciatura disseminados pelo país. Rios (2001), quando propõe uma reflexão sobre um ensino de qualidade que ultrapasse a visão meramente técnica, lança um olhar à competência docente sob variados atributos que visam a um trabalho ético e competente. Mesmo considerando todas as competências conferidas ao “bom professor”, discutidas por autores como Duarte (2001), Rios (2001) e Facci (2004), o objetivo primeiro deste estudo será o de refletir sobre os atributos que vêm sendo considerados na proposta do exame nacional docente defendida pelo MEC/INEP, sendo nomeado por alguns autores como o “Enem dos professores”. Na análise do documento, encontramos uma série de valores que são atribuídos ao “bom” professor. Assim, adotando os pressupostos da abordagem qualitativa, por meio da técnica de pesquisa documental, serão levantadas questões sobre o que se pretende com este exame, considerando os aspectos que o documento atesta que caracterizam um “bom professor”. Dessa forma, este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma reflexão acerca do papel a ser desempenhado por aquele que se espera do “bom” professor, levando-se em consideração os apelos pragmáticos, instrumentais e mercadológicos presentes no discurso que se anuncia no documento analisado.
Há espaço para o ensino de Inglês para crianças no currículo de cursos de Letras Português- Inglês?
Authors: Cirino Dayane Rita de Souza , Denardi Didie Ana Ceni
Published: January 2020

Novos contextos de ensino de Língua Inglesa manifestam-se na contemporaneidade. Entre eles, o ensino de Inglês para crianças tem crescido consideravelmente nos últimos anos. No entanto, parece haver uma lacuna na formação de professores de Inglês, já que os Cursos de Letras Português- Inglês preparam professores para ministrar aulas de Inglês para os quatro anos finais do Ensino Fundamental II e para os três anos do Ensino Médio, enquanto que o Curso de Pedagogia tem a finalidade de formar professores para atuarem na Educação Infantil, primeiros quatro anos do Ensino Fundamental I, nas disciplinas do currículo geral, mas não para o ensino dessa língua estrangeira (FERNANDEZ; RINALDI, 2009). Considerando tais constatações, nos perguntamos: a) Poderia ser o Curso de Letras- Inglês o responsável para formar professores de Inglês para crianças?; b) Até que ponto, os currículos dos Cursos de Letras-Inglês estão contribuindo efetivamente para novas práticas em sala de aula? Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise de currículos de dois Cursos de Letras Português-Inglês de Instituições Federais de Ensino localizadas no Sudoeste do Paraná, procurando identificar, caso possível, espaços que possam comtemplar o ensino-aprendizagem de Inglês para a educação infantil.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Orthopaedic Oncology
Authors: Anatone Alex J. , Danford Nicholas C. , Jang Eugene S. , Smartt Anne , Konigsberg Matthew , Tyler Wakenda K.
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common complications after surgeries involving musculoskeletal tumors, but we know little about SSI risk factors unique to orthopaedic oncology. A greater understanding of these factors will help risk-stratify patients and guide surgical decision-making.

Methods:

A retrospective review at a single-institution identified 757 procedures done on 624 over 6 years. The patients had a preoperative diagnosis of a malignant or potentially malignant neoplasm of the bone or soft tissues. Patient-specific and procedure-specific variables and diagnosis of SSI were recorded for each case. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression.

Results:

On univariate analysis, significant patient-specific risk factors for SSI included malignancy (P < 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.041), and American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (P = 0.002). Significant procedure-specific risk factors for SSI on univariate analysis included surgery time (P < 0.001), estimated blood loss (P < 0.001), blood transfusion volume (P < 0.001), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001), neoadjuvant radiation therapy (P < 0.001), inpatient surgery (P < 0.001), and number of previous surgeries within the study period (P < 0.001). The two factors that independently predicted risk of SSI when controlling for all other variables in a multiple logistic regression were whether the surgery was done on an inpatient basis (P = 0.005) and the number of previous surgeries done on the same site (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

We found a number of risk factors that correlate markedly with SSI after orthopaedic oncology surgery. The surgeon can use these risk factors to aid in surgical decision-making.
Notable Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist in Lower Extremity Amputations for Critical Limb Ischemia and Infection
Authors: Traven Sophia A. , Synovec John D. , Walton Zeke J. , Leddy Lee R. , Suleiman Linda I. , Gross Christopher E.
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current disparities for major lower extremity amputation in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and infection.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program's database for the years 2011 to 2017 was conducted. Multivariate models were used to isolate the effect of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of a below-knee or above-knee amputation (BKA and AKA, respectively) for CLI secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, chronic osteomyelitis, and deep soft-tissue infections.

Results:

For all diagnoses, blacks were 93.3%, and Hispanics were 61.9% more likely to undergo a BKA than white patients (P < 0.001). In addition, black patients had a 133.0% higher risk of an AKA than white patients (P < 0.001). Disparities were greatest with blacks undergoing surgery for CLI secondary to atherosclerosis (BKA odds ratio 2.093; AKA: odds ratio 2.625). Black patients also had an elevated risk of amputation secondary to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and deep soft-tissue infections (P < 0.001).

Discussion:

This nationally representative, cohort-based study demonstrates that notable racial and ethnic disparities for lower extremity amputations persist, with a higher proportion of black and Hispanic patients undergoing amputation compared with limb salvage procedures for atraumatic CLI and infection.

Level of Evidence:

Level III prognostic
Attitudes of Secondary School Students in Jordan Toward Contemporary Educational Concepts
Authors: Malkawi Nibal Abdelkarim Mousa
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to identify the degree of awareness of secondary school students in public schools in Jordan of modern educational concepts and the extent of their representation. The sample of the study consisted of 920 male and female students, a questionnaire consisted of 54 items was distributed among them, it was consisted of six domains, according to independent variables which are: gender, specialization, region, where the dependent variable was the degree of awareness of secondary school students of modern educational concepts.

The results showed that the relative importance of the domains in the total score was 72.14% when the domains obtained the following: the concept of integrated personality (73.36%), education for life and work (70.10%), responsibility (74.35%), continuous education (72.42%), rationality and critical thinking (72.38%), and the concept of democracy in the field of education (70.30%), the effect of the gender variable in favor of males has been shown in the total degree and on all fields of study, as well as the scientific specialization in all areas and the total degree, differences have appeared in favor of urban students in the total degree and for the benefit of rural students in the areas: building an integrated personality, and take responsibility and democratic education.
Nieuwe regels voor de consumentenkoop en overeenkomsten met betrekking tot digitale inhoud
Authors: Schaub M.Y.
Published: January 2020

Nieuwe regels voor de consumentenkoop en overeenkomsten met betrekking tot digitale inhoud

Deze bijdrage belicht enkele aspecten van twee nieuwe richtlijnen op het terrein van consumentenbescherming, te weten Richtlijn (EU) 2019/770 (Richtlijn digitale inhoud) en Richtlijn (EU) 2019/771 (nieuwe Richtlijn consumentenkoop). Deze richtlijnen voorzien onder meer in regels die specifiek zijn toegesneden op digitale producten en goederen met digitale elementen.

Richtlijn (EU) 2019/770 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2019 betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de levering van digitale inhoud en digitale diensten, PbEU 2019, L 136/1-27;

Richtlijn (EU) 2019/771 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2019 betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de verkoop van goederen, tot wijziging van Verordening (EU) 2017/2394 en Richtlijn 2009/22/EG, en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 1999/44/EG, PbEU 2019, L 136/28-50.
On regularization properties of artificial datasets for deep learning
Authors: Antczak Karol
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses regularization properties of artificial data for deep learning. Artificial datasets allow to train neural networks in the case of a real data shortage. It is demonstrated that the artificial data generation process, described as injecting noise to high-level features, bears several similarities to existing regularization methods for deep neural networks. One can treat this property of artificial data as a kind of “deep” regularization. It is thus possible to regularize hidden layers of the network by generating the training data in a certain way.