bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-rated health differences between exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive cigarette smokers: evidence from the 2017–2019 Scottish Health Survey
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola
Published: January 2025

The comparative health implications of e-cigarette use versus traditional cigarette smoking remain a critical focus in public health research. This cross-sectional study examined differences in self-rated general health between exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive cigarette smokers, using data from the 2017–2019 Scottish Health Survey. A total of 2484 adults (aged 16 and above) were included and categorized as exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 565) or exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 1919). Self-rated health was assessed using a single-item measure with five response categories: “very bad,” “bad,” “fair,” “good,” and “very good”. Generalized ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between nicotine product use and self-rated health, adjusting for age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, marital status, ethnicity, alcohol consumption frequency, physical activity, presence of longstanding physical or mental health conditions, and age of smoking initiation. In the fully adjusted model, exclusive e-cigarette users had higher odds of reporting better self-rated health compared to exclusive cigarette smokers overall (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.51, p = 0.012). A graded relationship was also observed in the fully adjusted model, with progressively lower odds of reporting better self-rated health as smoking intensity increased, using exclusive e-cigarette users as the reference group. Heavy smokers (≥ 20 cigarettes/day) had the lowest odds of reporting better self-rated health (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.80, p < 0.001), followed by moderate smokers (10 to < 20 cigarettes/day) (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.66–0.99, p = 0.047). In contrast, light smokers (< 10 cigarettes/day) showed no significant difference in self-rated health compared to exclusive e-cigarette users (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.75–1.18, p = 0.614). These findings indicate that exclusive e-cigarette use is associated with better self-rated health compared to exclusive cigarette smoking, particularly among moderate and heavy smokers. Additional analyses revealed no significant differences in self-rated health among exclusive e-cigarette users based on prior smoking history (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.43–2.08, p = 0.882) or among exclusive cigarette smokers based on prior e-cigarette use (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.69–1.09, p = 0.219). These findings suggest that prior use is unlikely to explain the observed association between exclusive e-cigarette use and better self-rated health compared to exclusive cigarette smoking. Given the subjective nature of self-rated health, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future longitudinal studies incorporating objective health measures are essential to assess the long-term impacts of e-cigarette use and inform evidence-based harm reduction policies.
‘Death by a thousand cuts’: Understanding the experience of school leaders navigating parent engagement
Authors: Wade Carolyn
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the lived experiences of school leaders as they navigate the complex demands of parent engagement within the increasing accountability pressures of the neoliberal education landscape. Drawing on interviews with 12 primary school leaders across Queensland, Australia, the research explores the emotional and professional toll of managing parent expectations. Iterative data analysis applying Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics revealed three key themes: (1) the multifaceted leadership challenges of balancing expectations and resources; (2) significant impacts on leaders’ well-being, including emotional exhaustion and moral distress; and (3) the absence of formal training and systemic support for school leaders in managing parent interactions.

Participants described profound emotional and moral injury from the relentless demands of parent engagement, with one school leader likening it to a ‘death by a thousand cuts’. Findings underscore the urgent need for targeted professional development, clear protocols, dedicated resources, and a cultural shift towards empathy and shared responsibility in parent-school relationships. This study contributes to the growing body of research on school leaders’ experiences with parent engagement in the context of neoliberal reform mandates. While existing research explores leadership practices under neoliberal conditions, this study uniquely addresses the relational and ethical complexities of parent engagement, highlighting its critical impact on school leaders’ sustainability and the transformative potential of school-family partnerships.
The Need for IRB Leadership to Address the New Ethical Challenges of Research with Highly Portable Neuroimaging Technologies
Authors: Comeau Donnella S. , Silverman Benjamin C. , Avanaki Mahsa Alborzi , Wolf Susan M.
Published: January 2025

The emergence of innovative neuroimaging technologies, particularly highly portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI), has the potential to spawn a transformative era in neuroscience research. Resourced academic institutional review boards (IRBs) with experience overseeing traditional MRI have a special role to play in ethical governance of pMRI research and should facilitate the collaborative development of nuanced and culturally sensitive guidelines and educational resources for pMRI protocols. This paper explores the ethical challenges of pMRI in neuroscience research and the dynamic leadership role that IRBs should play to promote ethical oversight of emerging pMRI research.
Bank Loan Announcement Effects: Evidence from a Comprehensive 8-K Sample
Authors: Ho Steven Wei , Liu Clark , Wang Shujing
Published: January 2025

We investigate whether bank loan financing from 1994 to 2018 conveys valuable private information using a sample of over 10,000 bank loan announcements identified from 8-K filings. We show that the positive announcement effect is persistent and closely related to the information revealed in loan characteristics: The effect is stronger when deals have higher materiality, more favorable pricing, larger lead bank shares, and higher syndicate concentration. The effect is also stronger when lenders have higher credit quality and when credit market conditions are worse. The insignificant wealth effect documented in several early studies is potentially driven by small sample size.
Don't throw motivation out with the black box: The value of a good theory revisited
Authors: Heckhausen Jutta , Rheinberg Falko
Published: January 2025

Murayama and Jach claim that current motivational constructs do not specify causal processes (black-box problem) and that mental computational processes solve this problem. We argue, process-focused research requires theoretical frameworks addressing situational variations, individual differences, and their interaction. Classic achievement motivation theory provides comprehensive models with empirically measurable process-related constructs and predictions. Recent developments build on this, addressing motivation, action, and their socio-cultural and lifespan context. Theory-free mental computational processes cannot do any of that.
Endogenous reward is a bridge between social/cognitive and behavioral models of choice
Authors: Ainslie George
Published: January 2025

Endogenous reward (intrinsic reward at will) is a fiat currency that is occasioned by steps toward any goals which are challenging and/or uncommon enough to prevent its debasement by inflation. A “theory of mental computational processes” should propose what properties let goals grow from appetites for endogenous rewards. Endogenous reward may be the universal selective factor in all modifiable mental processes.
Motivational constructs: Real, causally powerful, not psychologically constructed
Authors: Scarantino Andrea
Published: January 2025

Murayama and Jach criticize the use of high-level motivational constructs in psychology, urging psychologists to “unpack” the black box. These constructs are alleged to be “psychological constructions” with no causal powers of their own. I argue that this view is mistaken, and that high-level motivational constructs are causal even when unpacked in terms of underlying computational, algorithmic, and implementational processes.
The routine use of Rivaroxaban as thromboprophylaxis following endovenous thermal ablation
Authors: Bontinis Alkis , Bontinis Vangelis , Giannopoulos Argirios , Kontes Ioannis , Manaki Vasiliki , Pitoulias Apostolos G. , Chorti Angeliki , Ktenidis Kiriakos
Published: January 2025

Summary: Background: We investigated the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban as routine thromboprophylaxis after endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA). Patients and methods: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic review for studies published up to April 2024. Primary endpoints included endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) class ≥ II, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), major and minor bleeding and the composite endpoint of major thromboembolic complications including any incidents of EHIT ≥ III, DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE). Results: Eight retrospective case series, encompassing 1666 patients, and 2049 truncal veins were included. The pooled EHIT ≥ II, DVT, and major thromboembolic complications estimates were 0.73% (95% CI: 0.37–1.42), 0.51% (95% CI: 0.22–1.17) and 0.71% (95% CI: 0.27–1.89). The crude and pooled major and minor bleeding estimates were 0% (0/885) and 2.60% (95% CI: 1.05–6.33). The pooled early truncal and great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion outcomes were 99.03% (95% CI: 96.88–99.70) and 98.74% (95% CI: 92.07–99.81). The pooled and crude superficial thrombophlebitis and PE estimates were 2.86% (95% CI: 0.88–8.89) and 0% (0/579). While the comparative analysis between rivaroxaban and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH)/fondaparinux displayed improved outcomes favouring rivaroxaban in terms of DVT, risk ratio (RR), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.12–3.07) and truncal occlusion, odds ratio (OR), 1.43 (95% CI: 0.31–6.55) outcomes did not reach statistical significance. Meta-regression analysis including rivaroxaban treatment durations spanning from three to ten days displayed a negative association between duration of treatment and both truncal, (β = –0.4740, p<0.01) and GSV, (β = –0.4583, p<0.01) occlusion in the early pos-operative period. Conclusions: The results of this review underscore the potential safety of rivaroxaban as thromboprophylaxis in the context of endovenous thermal ablation. The observed inverse relationship between anticoagulation duration and occlusion outcomes should be interpreted with caution, highlighting the need for further research.
Oral submucous fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Tang Jianfei , Liu Junjie , Zhou Zekun , Cui Xinyan , Tu Hua , Jia Jia , Chen Baike , Dai Xiaohan , Liu Ousheng
Published: January 2025

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that causes oral mucosal tissue sclerosis, and even cancer transformation, is a chronic, progressive fibrosis disease. However, despite some advancements in recent years, no targeted antifibrotic strategies for OSF have been approved; likely because the complicated mechanisms that initiate and drive fibrosis remain to be determined. In this review, we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF. Then, we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors, secretion function, and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts. In addition, we also discuss the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF. Finally, we summarize strategies to interrupt key mechanisms that cause OSF, including modulation of the ECM, inhibition of inflammation, improvement of vascular disturbance. This review will provide potential routes for developing novel anti-OSF therapeutics.
CREB1-BCL2 drives mitochondrial resilience in RAS GAP-dependent breast cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Man Ki-Fong , Darweesh Omeed , Hong Jinghui , Thompson Alexandra , O’Connor Charlotte , Bonaldo Chiara , Melkonyan Mark N. , Sun Mo , Patel Rajnikant , Ellisen Leif W. , Robinson Tim , Song Dong , Koh Siang-Boon
Published: January 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogenous breast cancer subtype. RASAL2 is a RAS GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that has been associated with platinum resistance in TNBC, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that RASAL2 is enriched following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC patients. This enrichment is specific to the tumour compartment compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that RASAL2 upregulation is tumour-selective. Analyses based on 2D/3D cultures and patient-derived xenograft models reveal that RASAL2 confers cross-resistance to common DNA-damaging chemotherapies other than platinum. Mechanistically, we found that apoptotic signalling is significantly downregulated upon RASAL2 expression. This feature is characterised by substantial alterations in the expression of anti-versus pro-apoptotic factors, pointing to heterogeneous mechanisms. In particular, RASAL2 upregulates BCL2 via activation of the oncogenic transcription co-factor YAP. CREB1, a YAP-interacting protein, was identified as the common transcription factor that binds to the promoter regions of RASAL2 and BCL2, driving their collective expression. A subset of RASAL2 colocalises with BCL2 subcellularly. Both proteins decorate mitochondria, where the high levels of mitochondrial RASAL2-induced BCL2 expression render the organelles refractory to apoptosis. Accordingly, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation assay using live mitochondria from RASAL2-high/chemoresistant tumour cells demonstrated attenuated release of death signal, cytochrome c, when exposed to pro-apoptotic factors BAX and tBID. Similarly, these cells were more resilient towards chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial depolarisation. Together, this work reveals a previously undocumented molecular link between RAS GAP and apoptosis regulation, providing a new mechanistic framework for targeting a subset of chemorefractory tumours.
Subtype-specific role for Jagged1 in promoting or inhibiting breast tumor formation
Authors: Chung Wen-Cheng , Wang Wei , Challagundla Lavanya , Moore Charles D. , Egan Sean E. , Xu Keli
Published: January 2025

Notch signaling is altered in breast cancer. Recent studies highlighted both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles for Notch in this tissue. The function of Jagged1, the most highly expressed Notch ligand in the mammary gland, is not well defined. Here we report that deletion of Jagged1 in the mammary epithelium of virgin mice led to expansion of the mammary stem cell (MaSC) compartment and defective luminal differentiation associated with decreased expression of the progesterone receptor (PR). In contrast, deletion of Jagged1 in alveolar cells of pregnant mice had no effect on alveolar and lactogenic differentiation or post-lactational involution. Interestingly, deletion of Jagged1 promoted mouse mammary tumor formation from luminal cells but suppressed them from basal cells, associated with downregulation of Notch target genes Hey1 and Hey2, respectively. In agreement with mouse experiments, high expression of JAG1 and HEY1 are associated with better overall survival among patients with luminal tumors, whereas high expression of JAG1 and HEY2 are both associated with worse overall survival in basal subtype of human breast cancer. These results identified Jagged1 as an important regulator of mammary epithelial hierarchy and revealed differential roles of Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling in different subtypes of breast cancer arising from distinct cell types.
European training requirements in Neonatology 2021—towards a unified training standard for Neonatologists
Authors: Roehr Charles C. , Wellmann Sven , Szczapa Tomasz , Fentsch Pascal , Hüppi Petra , Baud Olivier , Alarcon Ana , de Boode Willem P. , Hall Michael , Danhaive Olivier , Vento Maximo ,   On behalf of the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR), the European Board of Neonatal & Child Health Research (EBNCHR) and the European School of Neonatology (ESN)
Published: January 2025

The European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) first developed recommendations for a Neonatology specific European training curriculum in 1998, with updates in 2007 and 2021. The aim of these recommendations was to define a common, European standard of training for national educational programmes for Neonatologists. Following the Union of European Medical Specialists’ (UEMS) framework of European Training Requirements (ETR), and similar to the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) recommendations, graduates of training programmes conforming to the ETR will be eligible throughout Europe for recognition of equality of training, and with that should be enabled to freedom-of-movement. This concept also accounts for neonatal specialists. We therefore present the pan-European work on the ETR Neonatology in its third iteration (ETR III), summarising the basic requirements for contemporary training programmes, trainers, and training centres in neonatology. We highlight the European School of Neonatology (ESN) as a comprehensive online educational platform which provides the theoretical and practical background to satisfy the ETR-III. Lastly, we introduce the European Board of Neonatal & Child Health Research (EBNCHR) as a committee dedicated to gaining acceptance for the concept of harmonising education and training in Neonatology and recognising Neonatology as a Paediatric subspecialty in every European Union member state.

Impact

Neonatology currently is not uniformly recognised as a Paediatric subspecialty throughout the 27 European countries. Hence, training in Neonatology formerly followed no commonly agreed standard throughout the European Union (EU).

To ensure a minimum standard of care, an agreed minimum standard of training is required. The European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) has led on generating an EU-accredited, pan-European Syllabus for Neonatal training in Europe, the European Training Requirements (ETR) in Neonatology (2021).

This article presents the ETR Neonatology from commissioning to accreditation and discusses means of how high-grade post-graduate education, aligned with the ETR can be achieved by practitioners.
Regulatory roles of RNA binding proteins in the Hippo pathway
Authors: Peng Shuchang , Li Chenglin , He Yanwen , Xue Lei , Guo Xiaowei
Published: January 2025

The Hippo pathway represents a highly conserved evolutionary pathway, dysfunction of which has been implicated in various diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) intricately modulate gene expression through interacting with non-coding RNAs or other proteins. To data, while an array of RBPs have been identified as modulators of the Hippo pathway, there remains a notable absence of a comprehensive review addressing the mechanistic regulations of RBPs in the transduction of Hippo signaling. Herein, this review aims to consolidate recent advances and elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying RBPs binding to target RNA. It also explores the dynamic interplay between RBPs, non-coding RNAs, TFs, and DNA on chromatin. Additionally, it also outlines future perspectives, including the essential non-canonical functions of RBPs and emerging roles of non-canonical RBPs as transcription factors (TFs) in genes transcription. Overall, this review provides mechanistic insights into the roles of eukaryotic RBP proteins in the regulation of crucial signaling cascades.
Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm
Authors: Gąsiorowski Ludwik , Chai Chew , Rozanski Andrei , Purandare Gargi , Ficze Fruzsina , Mizi Athanasia , Wang Bo , Rink Jochen C.
Published: January 2025

The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts – adult pluripotent stem cells that are the only division-competent cell type outside of the reproductive system. Although the presence of neoblast-like cells and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led to the idea that these features may represent the ancestral metazoan state, the evolutionary origin of both remains unclear. Here we show that the catenulid Stenostomum brevipharyngium, a member of the earliest-branching flatworm lineage, lacks conventional neoblasts despite being capable of whole-body regeneration and asexual reproduction. Using a combination of single-nuclei transcriptomics, in situ gene expression analysis, and functional experiments, we find that cell divisions are not restricted to a single cell type and are associated with multiple fully differentiated somatic tissues. Furthermore, the cohort of germline multipotency genes, which are considered canonical neoblast markers, are not expressed in dividing cells, but in the germline instead, and we experimentally show that they are neither necessary for proliferation nor regeneration. Overall, our results challenge the notion that canonical neoblasts are necessary for flatworm regeneration and open up the possibility that neoblast-like cells may have evolved convergently in different animals, independent of their regenerative capacity.
Single-cell profiling of penta- and tetradactyl mouse limb buds identifies mesenchymal progenitors controlling digit numbers and identities
Authors: Palacio Victorio , Pancho Anna , Morabito Angela , Malkmus Jonas , He Zhisong , Soussi Geoffrey , Zeller Rolf , Treutlein Barbara , Zuniga Aimée
Published: January 2025

The cellular interactions controlling digit numbers and identities have remained largely elusive. Here, we leverage the anterior digit and identity loss in Grem1 tetradactyl mouse limb buds to identify early specified limb bud mesenchymal progenitor (LMP) populations whose size and distribution is governed by spatial modulation of BMP activity and SHH signaling. Distal-autopodial LMPs (dLMP) express signature genes required for autopod and digit development, and alterations affecting the dLMP population size prefigure the changes in digit numbers that characterize specific congenital malformations. A second, peripheral LMP (pLMP) population is anteriorly biased and reduction/loss of its asymmetric distribution underlies the loss of middle digit asymmetry and identities in Grem1 tetradactyl and pig limb buds. pLMPs depend on BMP activity, while dLMPs require GREM1-mediated BMP antagonism. Taken together, the spatial alterations in GREM1 antagonism in mouse mutant and evolutionarily diversified pig limb buds tunes BMP activity, which impacts dLMP and pLMP populations in an opposing manner.
Resolving active species during the carbon monoxide oxidation over Pt(111) on the microsecond timescale
Authors: Eads Calley N. , Wang Weijia , Küst Ulrike , Prumbs Julia , Temperton Robert H. , Scardamaglia Mattia , Schnadt Joachim , Knudsen Jan , Shavorskiy Andrey
Published: January 2025

Catalytic studies traditionally rely on steady-state conditions resulting in time-averaged datasets that do not differentiate between active and spectator species. This limitation can cause misinterpretations of catalytic function, as the signal of short-lived intermediates responsible for producing desired reaction products is often masked by more intense spectator species. Time-resolved ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-APXPS) mitigates this issue by combining microsecond time resolution under reaction conditions. Using tr-APXPS, we investigate the oxidation of CO over Pt(111) by concurrently tracking reaction products, surface intermediates, and catalyst response. Our findings reveal that chemisorbed oxygen, rather than Pt surface oxide, is the main species reacting with CO to form CO2, supporting a primary Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The results shed new light on a heavily-debated reaction in catalysis. Beyond using CO pulses to determine active species, we demonstrate how careful tuning of pulsing parameters can be used for dynamic catalyst operation to enhance CO2 formation.
Accelerated symptom improvement in Parkinson’s disease via remote internet-based optimization of deep brain stimulation therapy: a randomized controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Gharabaghi Alireza , Groppa Sergiu , Navas-Garcia Marta , Schnitzler Alfons , Muñoz-Delgado Laura , Marshall Vicky L. , Karl Jessica , Zhang Lin , Alvarez Ramiro , Feldman Mary S. , Soileau Michael J. , Luo Lan , Zauber S. Elizabeth , Walter Benjamin L. , Wu Chengyuan , Lei Hong , Herz Damian M. , Chung Ming-Hua , Pathak Yagna , Blomme Bram , Cheeran Binith , Luca Corneliu , Weiss Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an important therapeutic intervention for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. After initial programming, clinicians are tasked with fine-tuning DBS parameters through repeated in-person clinic visits. We aimed to evaluate whether DBS patients achieve clinical benefit more rapidly by incorporating remote internet-based adjustment (RIBA) of stimulation parameters into the continuum of care.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled multicenter study (ClinicalTrails.gov NCT05269862) involving patients scheduled for de novo implantation with a DBS System to treat Parkinson’s Disease. Eligibility criteria included the ability to incorporate RIBA as part of routine follow-up care. Ninety-six patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using automated allocation, blocked into groups of 4, allocation concealed, and no stratification. After surgery and initial configuration of stimulation parameters, optimization of DBS settings occurred in the clinic alone (IC) or with additional access to RIBA. The primary outcome assessed differences in the average time to achieve a one-point improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Change score between groups. Patients, caregivers, and outcome assessors were not blinded to group assignment. Most of the data collection took place in the patient’s home environment.

Results

Access to RIBA reduces the time to symptom improvement, with patients reporting 15.1 days faster clinical benefit (after 39.1 (SD 3.3) days in the RIBA group (n = 48) and after 54.2 (SD 3.7) days in the IC group (n = 48)). None of the reported adverse events are related to RIBA.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates safety and efficacy of internet-based adjustment of DBS therapy, while providing clinical benefit earlier than in-clinic optimization of stimulation parameters by increasing patient access to therapy adjustment.
Regulating ferredoxin electron transfer using nanobody and antigen interactions
Authors: Truong Albert , Silberg Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Fission and fusion can be used to generate new regulatory functions in proteins. This approach has been used to create ferredoxins (Fd) whose cellular electron transfer is dependent upon small...
The influence of surface chemistry of activated carbons on adsorption and freezing/melting processes
Authors: Bosacka Alicja , Zienkiewicz-Strzałka Małgorzata , Deryło-Marczewska Anna , Pikuta Piotr , Chrzanowska Agnieszka , Wasilewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

In this work, the adsorption and freezing/melting processes on activated carbons of different chemical nature (different concentrations of oxygen surface groups) were investigated. The role of solvent (cyclohexane and water)...
Supramolecular complexation of C60 and C70 by helical nanographene incorporating N-heterotriangulene and hexabenzocoronene subunits
Authors: Kinzelmann Marina , Fröhlich Nina , Gnannt Frederik , Borstelmann Jan , Frühwald Stefan , Oleszak Christoph , Jux Norbert , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Drewello Thomas
Published: January 2025

The host–guest chemistry of the double N-heterotriangulene-[5]helicene and C60,70 is reminiscent of a molecular helter skelter. The noncovalent nanographene–fullerene complexes are prime examples of concave–convex shape complementarity.
Optimizing solvent systems for electrospun PLGA scaffolds: effects on microstructure and mechanical properties for biomedical applications
Authors: Salimbeigi Golestan , McGuinness Garrett B.
Published: January 2025

Optimizing solvent systems for electrospun PLGA tissue scaffolds enables control over mechanical properties. Hansen solubility theory helps identify key solvent effects, enabling the design of tunable, high-performance scaffolds for biomedical use.
The influence of a dicationic surfactant on the aggregation process of the IVAGVN peptide derived from the human cystatin C sequence (56–61)
Authors: Ludwiczak Julia , Iłowska Emilia , Wilkowska Michalina , Szymańska Aneta , Kempka Marek , Dobies Maria , Szutkowski Kosma , Kozak Maciej
Published: January 2025

Research of the effect of the dicationic gemini surfactant (3,3′-[1,8-(2,7-dioxahexane)]bis(1-dodecylimidazolium) dichloride (C6IMIC12) on the fibrillation process of the IVAGVN peptide using microscopic, spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques.
An optical coherence tomography study of a photoactive Pt(iv) prodrug in oesophageal tissue
Authors: Shi Huayun , Mohan Muktesh , Singh Kanwarpal , Sadler Peter J.
Published: January 2025

Reflected laser-light images show that this photoactive Pt(iv) complex penetrates oesophageal tissue and causes morphological damage only when irradiated.
Design and wearable sensing study of a temperature-sensitive anti-freezing biomass conductive gel based on IPANH@DES
Authors: Chen Lijun , Zhu Junfeng , Chen Ning , Song Jie , Li Yuxia , Chen Xiangli , Niu Yuhua
Published: January 2025

Conductive hydrogels derived from biopolymers are rapidly gaining prominence as a key research direction in the field of flexible wearable sensors.
Immunomediated Encephalitis: New Diagnoses on the Neurology–Psychiatry Interface
Authors: Damiani Daniel , de Bem Aline Ribeiro
Published: January 2025

Immune-mediated encephalitis is a real diagnostic challenge. Initially, patients present with subacute behavioral alterations, evolving over months, being attributed to purely psychiatric mechanisms, as well as neurological symptoms that often go unnoticed by professionals who are not neurologists. The etiologies behind these diseases are represented by paraneoplastic syndromes (including occult tumors) as well as viral infections, in both cases constituting true immunological triggers with exposure of antigens that will lead to a cross-immunological response directed at healthy structures of the nervous system. In the current review, we present the different clinical scenarios which differ based on antibodies against membrane receptors described so far, emphasizing the relevance of an early diagnosis for a smaller impact on prognosis.
On care, chocolate cake, and challenging with love
Authors: Shepherd Laura J.
Published: January 2025

This essay responds to the contributions that make up this forum, which in turn represent the authors’ engagement with my recent book, The Self, and Other Stories: Being, Knowing, Writing (Rowman and Littlefield, 2023). I attempt to answer some of the queries that arise for my interlocutors and to elaborate on some of the themes that I touch on in the book itself. I am not sure I am very successful in either endeavour, because the queries are many and I feel far removed from the book at this stage, but here we are.
Superconductivity of highly disperse beryllium films
Authors: Tutov V. I. , Semenenko E. E.
Published: January 2025

Peculiarities of the annealing-induced changes in superconducting and electrical properties of ultrathin cold-deposited beryllium films of various thickness (1–5 nm) indicate that the superconducting layers are in metastable fine-crystalline modification which is stabilized by small (< 3 nm) crystallites. The limiting disordering of the metastable phase structure (amorphous state) is incompatible with superconductivity. With the removal of the disorder, superconductivity is observed and enhanced in the impurity-free layers, while the amorphization in the presence of impurities leads to an irreversible suppression of superconductivity. The highest critical temperature Tc = 10.5 K corresponds to the freshly deposited beryllium film of more than 15 nm thickness in which the structure disorder is removed to a considerable extent. The analysis of the data on structural and electrophysical properties of highly disperse films of beryllium and beryllium-based alloys suggests that superconducting phase is a cubic modification of Be (most probably, the β-Be phase).
Investigation of spatial distribution of superconducting parameters of HTS structures by laser probe technique
Authors: Banduryan B. B. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Efremenko V. G. , Zhuravel’ A. P. , Gaponov S. V. , Klimov A. Yu. , Pavel’ev D. G. , Churin A. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The spatial distribution of superconducting parameters of YBa2Cu3O7–x films deposited on SrTiO3 substrates is studied by the low-temperature laser microscopy scanning technique. It is shown that the modem level of HTS film preparation technology makes it possible to produce high-sensitivity elements for use in competitive IR radiation detectors with extensive functional capabilities.
Bolometric and noise properties of HTS structures
Authors: Banduryan B. B. , Gaponov S. V. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Efremenko V. G. , Krasil’nik Z. F. , Klimov A. Yu. , Lavreshin V. Yu. , Pavel’ev D. G. , Churin A. Yu. , Shustakova G. V.
Published: January 2025

The data obtained from the investigations of characteristics of various bolometric elements based on HTS materials are analyzed. It is shown that the thermodynamic temperature fluctuations make a decisive contribution to the noise characteristics of perfect single-crystal films of YBa2Cu3O7–δ with axial orientation at right angles to the substrate used for thermal detection of electromagnetic radiation.
Effect of the Ising component of exchange interaction on the parametric excitation of spin chains
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: January 2025

The absorption energy of a varying magnetic field (collinear with a constant field) of a spin chain (s = 1/2) with biaxial magnetic anisotropy of spin interaction is determined. It is found that in contrast to the three-dimensional case, no parametric instability emerges in the system.
Spectroscopic studies of Rydberg states in excimer complexes of inert elements and oxygen
Authors: Yurtaeva E. M. , Fugol’ I. Ya. , Belov A. G.
Published: January 2025

Excimer complexes (RO)* of inert gases (R) and oxygen (O) are studied by luminescence analysis technique in solid solutions of these elements. Simultaneous investigations are made for low-energy valence complexes (RO* (1S) and high-energy Rydberg excimers RO* (5S) and R* (3P)O. It is shown that the main role in the formation of excimer excitations is played by free matrix excitons which lead to a dissociation of impurity molecules of oxygen. The complexes RO* (1S) are formed directly as a result of dissociative breakdown of O*2, while Rydberg excimers are formed due to a repeated excitation of frozen O(3P) radicals. A simultaneous coexistence of RO* (1S) and (RO)* complexes indicates that the dynamic equilibrium O⟷O2 is preserved in the matrix. The parameters of Rydberg excimer potentials of (RO)* with a high binding energy D ≃ 2–3 eV are estimated.
The structure and superconducting properties of a monodomain crystal YBa2Cu2.1Au0.36Ox
Authors: Mitkevich V. V. , Vasil’chenko S. A. , Bondarenko A. V. , Dotsenko V. I. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Obolenskii M. A. , Tret’yak S. M. , Telezhenko Yu. V.
Published: January 2025

The χ-scanning of the profiles of the 330 and 33¯0 reflexes led to the discovery of a monodomain crystal with Tc = 91 K. According to the χac(T) data, the superconducting transition width of this crystal is smaller than 0.5 K. The structure of the crystal was thoroughly investigated twice after annealing at 400 and 300 °C. The oxygen content and the presence of gold in the sample were estimated from diffraction data.
Band model of heavy-fermion superconductors
Authors: Rozhavskii A. S. , Tuluzov I. G.
Published: January 2025

The proposed model describes thermodynamic properties of heavy-fermion superconductors in the normal and superconducting states in terms of the band structure without using the Kondo mechanism of increasing the density of states. The model Hamiltonian describes two-and three-band metals, the band parameters being phenomenological. One-particle hybridization of the bands leads to a nonphonon effective attraction between electrons in one of the band, suggesting the possibility of the superconducting transition. Anomalously large values of heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility in the normal phase and low temperatures of the superconducting transition can be described in a self-consistent manner. The nonmonotonic dependences C(T) and χ(T) are due to the temperature dependence μ(T) of the chemical potential in a multi-band system. Under simple assumptions, the model reproduces qualitatively the behavior of thermodynamic characteristics of heavy-fermion conductors.
Resonant tunneling in a small-capacitance Josephson junction
Authors: Zhuravlev A. V. , Zorin A. B.
Published: January 2025

The effect of resonant tunneling of the Josephson phase difference in a junction of small capacitance and weak linear damping is analyzed. The expressions for resonant voltage peaks on the superconducting region of the IVC of the junction and for lifetime of metastable states are obtained. The possibility of experimental observation of the effect is discussed.
On the structure of low-temperature beryllium condensates
Authors: Kuz’menko V. M. , Mel’nikov V. I. , Sudovtsov A. I.
Published: January 2025

Results of investigations of electronic properties of low-temperature beryllium condensates (pure as well as those stabilized by hydrogen impurity) are used to propose a model for the structure of these condensates.
On the theory of high-frequency susceptibility of multidomain systems
Authors: Vitebskii I. M. , Lavrinenko N. M. , Seminozhenko V. P. , Sobolev V. L.
Published: January 2025

The time-dependent dispersion of high-frequency magnetic susceptibility of a plane-parallel (two-phase) domain structure is studied for mobile and fixed domain boundaries. The analysis is based on the hydrodynamic local equilibrium principle. The process of temperature equalization on a scale of the order of domain structure period is considered to be the main mechanism responsible for the formation of the time-dependent dispersion.
Low-dimensional magnetic properties of CsDy(MoO4)2 layered crystals
Authors: Štefanyi P. , Feger A. , Orendačeva A. , Chernyi A. S.
Published: January 2025

Temperature dependence of heat capacity, static and dynamic susceptibility of CsDy(MoO4)2 single crystals is studied in the temperature interval between 0.5 and 8 K. It is shown that the investigated crystal is a two-dimensional Ising magnetic with a high anisotropy. The contribution to the lattice heat capacity associated with the low-dimensional behavior of the crystal structure is determined. A 2D–3D crossover is observed below the magnetic phase transition temperature. The magnetic structure of the ordered phase is quite complicated with different signs of exchange interaction along different axes. A characteristic feature of the dynamic behavior of the magnetic system is the existence of anomalously large relaxation times along the c-axis.
Peculiarities of field dependence of low-temperature magnetization and transparency effect in a magnet with biaxial anisotropy
Authors: Gol’dshtein E. V. , Tsukernik V. M.
Published: January 2025

A spin model of a paramagnetic ion for which anisotropy in the easy plane is describe by a certain type of spin multipoles is considered. It is shown that in spite of the absence of axial symmetry in such a model, there are intervals of values of longitudinal (normal to the easy plane) magnetic field in which the magnetization component along a chosen axis in the ground state has a definite value. In particular, it is possible to attain the nominal value of magnetization in a finite field. Besides, the excitation by a longitudinal varying magnetic field permits the observation of ‘‘transparency”, i.e., the disappearance and subsequent reappearance of varying field absorption, upon a change in a constant field. The manifestation of biaxial anisotropy in a Heisenberg magnet is investigated. It is shown that the behavior of a magnetically ordered system under certain conditions resembles the behavior of an individual magnetic ion. The difference is exhibited, for example, in the response to a varying field.
Kinetics of heating and perturbations of the superconducting state under jump-like deformation of niobium
Authors: Dolgin A. M. , Bengus V. Z.
Published: January 2025

The characteristic time of evolution and relaxation of thermal perturbations and perturbations in the superconducting state during deformation jumps in niobium are determined experimentally at 4.2 K. The plastic deformation is found to be adiabatic both in the bulk of the sample and in the slip region. The volume-averaged temperatures are measured after the deformation jump (35–45 K), and the local values of temperature are evaluated in the developing slip band (200–250 K). The observed regularities are analyzed by using the concepts of thermomechanical instability of the low-temperature plastic flow. It is concluded that the motion of dislocations during the deformation jump is predominantly of a viscous nature.
Two-dimensional charge systems in metal-insulator-insulator structures
Authors: Kovdrya Yu. Z.
Published: January 2025

A possibility of realization of two-dimensional electron and hole systems in a new type (metal–insulator–insulator (MII)) of structures is considered. The investigation into such structures provides interesting information about the properties of insulators like characteristics of carriers, peculiarities of transfer, and properties of the surface.
IR reflection and magnetic susceptibility of BiSrCaCuO single crystals
Authors: Arbuzov V. L. , Bakunin O. M. , Davletshin A. É. , Klotsman S. M. , Konstantinov V. L. , Kosmyna M. B. , Levin A. B. , Seminozhenko V. P. , Tsidil’kovskii I. M.
Published: January 2025

Electrical, optical and magnetic properties of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr3–x CaxCu2O8+y are measured. The anisotropy of optical reflection is observed and attributed to the mutual orientation of the electric vector of the electrimagnetic wave and the crystal axis c. The obtained values of the parameter 2 Δ/kTc also exhibit anisotropy.
Effect of peculiar Fermi surface topology and spin fluctuations on weak itinerant antiferromagnetism of transition metals and their alloys
Authors: Povzner A. A. , Likhachev D. V.
Published: January 2025

A theory is developed to describe the effect of spin fluctuations on weak itinerant antiferromagnetism in alloys of transition metals caused by triplet pairing of electron-hole regions on the Fermi surface. According to the spin density wave model considered here, spin fluctuations cause a decrease in the Néel temperature TN by an order of magnitude or two as compared to its value predicted by the mean field theory. A good agreement with the experimental results is obtained.
Nature of response to electromagnetic radiation in contacts with superconducting oxides
Authors: Balkashin O. P. , Kulik I. I. , Yanson I. K. , Litvinenko Yu. G. , Zagoskin V. T.
Published: January 2025

The response of point contacts of tantalum, copper and niobium with the YBa2Cu3O7–δ ceramic to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter and optical range is studied. It is shown that the response in the optical range is not a result of interaction of radiation with the Josephson element, but is due only to the heating of the contact region by radiation. The dependence of the response on the laser power is in good agreement with the temperature dependence of the energy gap in the metal. Point contacts exhibit features characteristic of Josephson weak coupling at frequencies up to 1.5·1012 Hz. Inhomogeneities in the ceramic require a consideration of the effect of radiation on resistive elements in the current circuit, especially for large bias voltages.
On the contribution on nonlinear excitations to the susceptibility of two-dimensional anisotropic magnets
Authors: Ivanov B. A. , Kolezhuk A. K.
Published: January 2025

The contribution of vortices to the dynamic susceptibility of two-dimensional anisotropic magnets is considered. It is shown that vortices are responsible for the central peak of susceptibility. The shape of the central peak is investigated for different modes of vortex motion.
Theoretical substantiation and calculation of system cooling by cryogen vapor evacuation
Authors: Kirichenko Yu. A. , Seregin V. E.
Published: January 2025

A calculation is made of the process of cooling of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane due to vapor pumping-out with respect to the variability of their thermodynamic properties, heat fluxes to the cryostatting zone, and cryostat heat capacity. It is shown that there exist two characteristic values of the ratio of heat flux to volumetric pumping-out velocity, and that exceeding these values hinders cooling of the system to the triple point. Estimates are made of cryoagent losses in cryostats manufactured of different materials.
Problems of cooling fully superconducting generator stators
Authors: Gavrilov R. V. , Hlasnik I. M. , Savel’ev V. I. , Chubraeva L. I.
Published: January 2025

Development of superconductors capable of operating at alternating magnetic fields makes it possible to design fully superconducting generators. Different methods of cooling superconducting armature windings are considered. The preferred method is forced cooling with two-phase helium.
Experimental study and correlations of pressure drop and heat transfer to boiling nitrogen in channels
Authors: Subbotin V. I. , Deev V. I. , Novikov V. N. , Arkhipov V. V.
Published: January 2025

The influence of flow regime parameters on the thermohydraulic characteristics in forced vertical upward flow of nitrogen was studied. The experiments to determine pressure drop and heat transfer were carried out in the pressure range 0.3–2.1 MPa, mass velocity 100–7500 kg·m−2·s−1, quality 0.4–1.0, and heat flux density 1–260 kW·m−2.
Unsteady-state heat transfer in boiling helium
Authors: Pavlov Yu. M. , Yakovlev I. V.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of unsteady-state heat transfer to boiling helium. The possibility of intensification of heat transfer to the boiling helium in a pool and in a channel with natural convection as a result of the unsteady-state heat input is pointed out. The improvement in heat transfer can be associated both with the initiation of additional potential nucleate centers at the temperature difference corresponding to incipient boiling, and with the qualitative change in the heat transfer mechanism. In the latter case the heat transfer is determined only by the heat flux density at the moment of onset of boiling at a temperature close to the limit of superheat.
Experimental study of the processes of 3He boiling and condensation
Authors: Goncharuk O. A. , Kuz’menko I. F. , Krymov L. E. , Lyagushin Ya. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The results of an experimental study of the processes of 3He boiling and condensation are given.
Heat transfer in He II with slow variation of heat load
Authors: Nemirovskii S. K. , Baltsevich A. Ya. , Kondaurova L. P.
Published: January 2025

The problem of propagation of thermal pulses in He II with a stepwise heat emission is solved on the basis of equations of superfluid turbulence hydrodynamics. The results are compared with experimental data on transient heat transport in helium.
Cryogenic heat pipes
Authors: Vasil’ev L. L. , Konev S. V. , Domorod L. S. , Kanonchik L. E. , Zhuravlev A. S.
Published: January 2025

The start-up (from the frozen state) characteristics of two types of cryogenic heat pipes (HP) are studied. The influence of the amount of working fluid in the evaporator and condenser on the start-up conditions is analyzed. The ratio used in calculating the wick filling coefficient over a large temperature range is given. The results of an investigation of open-type HP are reported.