bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling of stresses and strains
in two-layer combined materials
at their formation
Authors: Koloskova G.M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the behaviour of two-layer
combined material during its manufacturing.
Design/methodology/approach: The model of material layers joining by means of
calender method is built in LS-DYNA software on the basis of finite element method.
Using the developed model the study of stress and strain condition changes is carried out.
Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of two-layer combined materials in similar
conditions. First combination was of high-density polyethylene top layer and aluminium
foil bottom layer. Second combination was of high-density polyethylene top layer and low-
density polyethylene bottom layer. Joining materials had equal thicknesses.
Findings: During formation of two-layer combined materials the primary strain always
occurs at the bottom plate of the bottom layer. However, the maximum plastic strain will
be represented for the layer with lower elastic modulus value. At the point of the highest
loading applied to the two-layer combined material the elasticity condition is changed to the
plasticity one and the yield process is registered.
Practical implications: Multi-layer combined materials are some of the most advanced
types of materials. The quality of the joining of the layers, the strains and the stresses arising
in their manufacturing process are the main causes of low interlayer strength. It leads to easy
exfoliation and destruction of the material. The results of the study may be used to improve
the quality of multi-layer combined materials.
Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for the determination of
strains and stresses arising during the formation of multi-layer combined materials by means
of calendering method. The calculations of the stresses and strains distribution dynamics
for two-layer combined materials are represented for polymer-metal and polymer-polymer
layers combinations. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of
multi-layer combined materials designing and manufacturing.
Parametric characterization of a mesomechanic
kinematic in plain and twill
weave 2/2 reinforced composites
by FE-calculations
Authors: Romano M. , Ehrlich I. , Gebbeken N.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: A parametric characterization of a mesomechanic kinematic caused by ondulation
in fabric reinforced composites is investigated by numerical investigations.
Design/methodology/approach: Due to the definition of plain representative sequences
of balanced plain-weave and twill-weave 2/2 fabric reinforced single layers based on sines
the variable geometric parameters are the amplitude and the length of the ondulation.
Findings: The mesomechanic kinematic can be observed in the FE analyses for both kinds
of fabric constructions.
Research limitations/implications: The FE analyses consider elasticity and contraction
due to Poisson effects, respectively, of the model under selected longitudinal strains.
Practical implications: The results are evaluated at relevant positions on the centre-line
of the ondulated warp-yarn of the plain representative model. A direct and linear coupling in
case of the transversal kinematic behaviour, and thereby a corresponding definite reduction
of the evaluated longitudinal strains in terms of the difference of the applied and determined
longitudinal strains is identified.
Originality/value: Both characteristic purely kinematic reactions due to geometric
constraints directly depend on the introduced degree of ondulation. This non-dimensional
parameter relates amplitude and length of one complete ondulation, and thus represents the
intensity of the ondulation of the respective fabric construction.
Repräsentative Auslegung völkerrechtlicher Verträge
Authors: Pehl Alexander
Published: July 2019

Representative interpretation, meaning an interpretation which is directly attributable to contracting parties, is an important means of guiding the application of agreements and treaties, in particular where international courts and tribunals show a tendency towards dynamic interpretation.
In the field of international economic law, the WTO Agreement, the IMF Statute and, in particular, an increasing number of investment and trade agreements contain special interpretative clauses which envisage their representative interpretation. In addition, Article 31 (3) (a) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties emphasises the authoritative role of agreements between contracting parties regarding the interpretation of treaties.
This book sheds light on the background of the representative interpretation of agreements and treaties, examines its effects, explores its limits and assesses its usefulness.
Os processos de inovação aberta: uma análise na indústria brasileira de semicondutores
Authors: Oliveira Xênia L'amour Campos , Olave Maria Elena Léon
Published: July 2019

Nos últimos anos, para conseguir inovar, as empresas tem se tornado cada vez mais dependentes de conhecimentos e recursos gerados fora das fronteiras organizacionais. Assim, o processo de inovação nas organizações passou a considerar a contribuição de diferentes agentes externos, dentre eles clientes, fornecedores e universidades. Na perspectiva da inovação aberta, segundo Gassman e Enkel (2004), os processos de inovação podem ser categorizados em três tipos: de entrada ou outside-in, de saída ou inside-out, e por fim, o processo acoplado ou coupled process, sendo esses arquétipos caracterizados pela adoção de diferentes atividades. O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar os processos de inovação aberta adotados pelas design houses brasileiras no desenvolvimento conjunto de projetos de circuitos integrados, para isso, foi utilizado o survey como método de pesquisa, com a realização de análise documental e a aplicação de questionários estruturados com design houses e especialistas da área de microeletrônica. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do programa SPSS (versão 21), por meio da utilização de técnicas descritivas e estatísticas, dentre elas a aplicação do teste do qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que as design houses estudadas implementam diversas práticas do paradigma de inovação aberta no desenvolvimento de projetos de circuitos integrados, sendo as práticas referentes ao processo de entrada as mais frequentes, além disso, foi possível observar que não existiam diferenças significativas quando a design house possui ou não fins lucrativos e os processos de inovação aberta adotados.
Development of historical thinking in the classroom through a training programme for Secondary Education
Authors: Guerrero Romera Catalina , López-García Alejandro , Monteagudo Fernández José
Published: July 2019

La evaluación de un programa formativo es un indicador valioso de la planificación seguida para articular con destreza la intervención y líneas de acción de cualquier proceso de enseñanza.

Este artículo describe el camino recorrido para desarrollar y evaluar un programa de formación que versa sobre la enseñanza de la historia y la evaluación de competencias históricas en Enseñanza Secundaria, a partir de un modelo innovador que promueve la teoría del pensamiento histórico, como eje principal. Dicho programa formativo fue implementado y evaluado con estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria. Para ello se siguió un diseño cuantitativo, concretamente de tipo descriptivo no experimental tipo encuesta.

Los resultados han sido satisfactorios, poniéndose en valor la adecuación del diseño y modelo de trabajo planteados. Los objetivos del programa se han cumplido, siendo algunos de los mejor valorados los referentes al aprendizaje en el diseño de unidades didácticas para la enseñanza de la historia y a la enseñanza sobre pensamiento histórico, la cual manifestaron útil para su formación como docentes. Igualmente, se ha demostrado que el aprendizaje de competencias históricas a través de la problematización del pasado, favorece la construcción de una ciudadanía capaz de lidiar exitosamente con la problemática viniente en la sociedad actual.

The evaluation of a training program is a valuable indicator of the planning followed to skillfully articulate the intervention and lines of action of any teaching process.

This article describes the path taken to develop and evaluate a training program that deals with the teaching of history and the evaluation of historical competencies in Secondary Education, based on an innovative model that promotes the theory of historical thought as its main axis. This training program was implemented and evaluated with students from the Master's in Teacher Training in Secondary Education. For this purpose, a quantitative research was followed, specifically a non-experimental, descriptive design study, based on a survey.

The results have been satisfactory, valuing the adequacy of the design and working model proposed. The objectives of the programme have been met, some of the best valued being those relating to learning in the design of didactic units for the teaching of history and the teaching of historical thought, which proved useful for their training as teachers. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that the learning of historical skills through the problematization of the past favors the construction of a citizenry capable of successfully dealing with the problems arising in today's society.
El Development of social and civic competence and the use of active teaching methodologies in secondary classrooms
Authors: Fuentes Moreno Concha , Sabido-Codina Judit , Miquel Albert Joan
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza la relación entre el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana y la utilización de metodologías didácticas activas en las aulas de secundaria. El contexto se sitúa en el ámbito educativo de Cataluña a partir del análisis de cuatro unidades didácticas que plantean objetivos competenciales con métodos que facilitan la indagación y el análisis social conocidos como aprendizaje por descubrimiento.  Para el tratamiento de los datos recogidos se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa a partir de una observación directa no participante en las aulas y de un análisis lexicométrico, a partir del software Iramuteq, desde tres dimensiones: el desarrollo de las unidades didácticas, la metodología docente y el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana. Los resultados se presentan a partir de los conceptos y habilidades que caracterizan la labor del docente y de los estudiantes, y también con el análisis de los gráficos originados con el software y con el uso de reflexiones narrativas recogidas durante la observación. Las conclusiones constatan el protagonismo del estudiante en la construcción de su aprendizaje, así como el papel determinante del profesor como guía en la construcción de la competencia social y ciudadana.

This article analyzes the relationship between the development of social and civic competence and the use of active didactic methodologies in secondary school classrooms. The context is located in the educational field of Catalonia through the analysis of four didactic units that sets competency aims with methods that facilitate inquiry and social analysis known as discovery learning. For the treatment of the collected data, a qualitative methodology has been used from a direct non-participant observation in the classrooms and from a lexicometry analysis from three aspects: the development of the teaching units, the methodology used by the docent and the development of social competence and citizen. The analysis of the texts has been done with the Iramuteq software. The results are presented from the concepts and skills that characterize the work of the teacher and the students with the analysis of the graphics originated with the software and with the use of narrative reflections collected during the observation. The conclusions confirm the protagonism of the student in the construction of their learning as well as the determining role of the teacher as a guide in the construction of social and civic competence
La The problem of national identity formation in History teaching-learning
Authors: Brito Román Juan Carlos , Gámez Ceruelo Virginia
Published: July 2019

Mediante una comparativa entre dos momentos históricos: en un extremo la génesis, inicio y consolidación del sistema educativo ecuatoriano –1830-1941–, y en el otro: el período actual a partir de la Constitución del 2008, se analiza el discurso identitario construido en torno a la presencia del pueblo afroecuatoriano en relación al proyecto de Estado-nación en Ecuador. Los libros de texto de historia nacional y los documentos rectores del sistema educativo constituyen nuestra principal fuente de consulta. A partir de los discursos establecidos en ellos, argumentaremos en torno a las estrategias de invisibilización y negación del pueblo afroecuatoriano en las propuestas educativas, junto con la creación de una figura estereotipada del mismo. 

Throughout a comparative method across two different periods in History: on the one hand the geneses and consolidation of the Ecuadorian educational system–1830-1940–, and on  the other hand the present times, since the Constitution of 2008, the discourse of identity built around the presence of afro people in Ecuador is analyzed. The schoolbooks of national History and the documents regarding the educational system are our main source of consultation.  From the discourses stablished in them, we will argue about the strategies for invisibilization and negation of afroecuadorians in educational proposals, along with the stereotypes around his image.
« Empédocle gnostique » et le dualisme selon Hippolyte de Rome (Refutatio VII, 29-31)
Authors: Jurasz Izabela
Published: July 2019

L’expression « Empédocle gnostique » est utilisée pour parler du résumé de l’enseignement de ce philosophe fait par Hippolyte de Rome dans la Réfutation de toutes les hérésies. Elle concerne surtout la notice consacrée à Marcion et ses disciples, accusés de suivre plutôt les poèmes d’Empédocle que l’Évangile. Cependant, Hippolyte s’inspire des lectures d’Empédocle pratiquées par les différents groupes de gnostiques. Cette interpretatio gnostica a été également connue dans les milieux chrétiens. L’analyse de cette interprétation, fondée sur la notice sur Marcion, permet de proposer une nouvelle interprétation de la pensée de Bardesane — mentionné par Hippolyte — en tant qu’un témoignage inconnu de la réception d’Empédocle.
Oneself as Another: Intersubjectivity and Ethics in Alzheimer’s Illness Narratives
Authors: Burke Lucy
Published: July 2019

This paper considers what is at stake in telling the story of another’s illness and in taking on the history of another’s dementia as part of one’s own life narrative. Through a close analysis of Michael Ignatieff’s Scar Tissue, it explores the ways in which writing about the experience of caring for a parent with dementia speaks to the intersubjective dimensions of selfhood but also complicates the ways in which the very concept of intersubjectivity is often evoked within scholarship on personhood. It argues that an engagement with this kind of narrative is illuminating in this context because it exposes some of the emotional, memorial, and ethical difficulties that attend the experience of writing for and about another person when he or she is no longer able to do so.
MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR DISCONTINUOUS SYSTEM ON SURFACE MINES
Authors: Malbašić Vladimir , Milošević Dimšo , Miodrag Čelebić
Published: July 2019

Тhe mining industry in the 21st century needs fundamental changes in both technical and management technology, because many unresolved mining issues lead to building a structured and directly applicable management model that would be managing tool by the mine production system.

The aim of this paper is to define a model for the management of discontinuous surface exploitation systems. Key components of the methodology include: defining and accepting managing matrices, basic and auxiliary operations; centralized and integrated data infrastructure, a set of production performance metrics, data processing and management infrastructure.

In this sense, information technologies and management techniques have been used, with detailed research of the discontinuous exploitation system and specificities with a huge number of influencing parameters and variables that greatly define the way of this management process
MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR DISCONTINUOUS SYSTEM ON SURFACE MINES
Authors: Malbašić Vladimir , Milošević Dimšo , Čelebić Miodrag
Published: July 2019

Тhe mining industry in the 21st century needs fundamental changes in both technical and management technology, because many unresolved mining issues lead to building a structured and directly applicable management model that would be managing tool by the mine production system. The aim of this paper is to define a model for the management of discontinuous surface exploitation systems. Key components of the methodology include: defining and accepting managing matrices, basic and auxiliary operations; centralized and integrated data infrastructure, a set of production performance metrics, data processing and management infrastructure. In this sense, information technologies and management techniques have been used, with detailed research of the discontinuous exploitation system and specificities with a huge number of influencing parameters and variables that greatly define the way of this management process.
The CUL5 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates resistance to CDK9 and MCL1 inhibitors in lung cancer cells
Authors: Kabir Shaheen , Cidado Justin , Andersen Courtney , Dick Cortni , Lin Pei-Chun , Mitros Therese , Ma Hong , Baik Seung Hyun , Belmonte Matthew A , Drew Lisa , Corn Jacob E
Published: July 2019

Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and Bcl-xL are frequently observed in many cancers. Inhibitors targeting MCL1 are in clinical development, however numerous cancer models are intrinsically resistant to this approach. To discover mechanisms underlying resistance to MCL1 inhibition, we performed multiple flow-cytometry based genome-wide CRISPR screens interrogating two drugs that directly (MCL1i) or indirectly (CDK9i) target MCL1. Remarkably, both screens identified three components (CUL5, RNF7 and UBE2F) of a cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL5) that resensitized cells to MCL1 inhibition. We find that levels of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and Noxa are proteasomally regulated by the CRL5 complex. Accumulation of Noxa caused by depletion of CRL5 components was responsible for re-sensitization to CDK9 inhibitor, but not MCL1 inhibitor. Discovery of a novel role of CRL5 in apoptosis and resistance to multiple types of anticancer agents suggests the potential to improve combination treatments.
Neuronal integration in the adult mouse olfactory bulb is a non-selective addition process
Authors: Platel Jean-Claude , Angelova Alexandra , Bugeon Stephane , Wallace Jenelle , Ganay Thibault , Chudotvorova Ilona , Deloulme Jean-Christophe , Béclin Christophe , Tiveron Marie-Catherine , Coré Nathalie , Murthy Venkatesh N , Cremer Harold
Published: July 2019

Adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB) is considered as a competition in which neurons scramble during a critical selection period for integration and survival. Moreover, newborn neurons are thought to replace pre-existing ones that die. Despite indirect evidence supporting this model, systematic in vivo observations are still scarce. We used two-photon in vivo imaging to study neuronal integration and survival. We show that loss of new neurons in the OB after arrival at terminal positions occurs only at low levels. Moreover, long-term observations showed that no substantial cell death occurred at later stages. Neuronal death was induced by standard doses of thymidine analogs, but disappeared when low doses were used. Finally, we demonstrate that the OB grows throughout life. This shows that neuronal selection during OB-neurogenesis does not occur after neurons reached stable positions. Moreover, this suggests that OB neurogenesis does not represent neuronal turnover but lifelong neuronal addition.
MagC, magnetic collection of ultrathin sections for volumetric correlative light and electron microscopy
Authors: Templier Thomas
Published: July 2019

The non-destructive collection of ultrathin sections on silicon wafers for post-embedding staining and volumetric correlative light and electron microscopy traditionally requires exquisite manual skills and is tedious and unreliable. In MagC introduced here, sample blocks are augmented with a magnetic resin enabling the remote actuation and collection of hundreds of sections on wafer. MagC allowed the correlative visualization of neuroanatomical tracers within their ultrastructural volumetric electron microscopy context.
Single transverse mode operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with monolithically incorporated curved mirror
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Hamaguchi Tatsushi , Tanaka Masayuki , Ito Masamichi , Jyokawa Tatsuro , Matou Tatsuya , Hayashi Kentaro , Ohara Maho , Kobayashi Noriko , Watanabe Hideki , Koda Rintaro , Yanashima Katsunori
Published: July 2019

We report single transverse mode operation of a blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (GaN-VCSEL) with a monolithically incorporated curved mirror. For a device with a 4 μm current aperture diameter and a curved mirror with a radius of curvature (ROC) of 51 μm, single transverse mode operation was confirmed up to an output power of 3.2 mW under continuous wave operation at 20 °C. For a device with a smaller ROC of 31 μm, multi transverse mode operation was confirmed, indicating that the transverse mode can be controlled by the cavity design of such GaN-VCSELs.
A prognostic nomogram for neuroblastoma in children
Authors: Li Xiaozhi , Meng Yutong
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children, which accounts for about 7–10% in children’s tumors. The prognosis group of patients with neuroblastoma could not only improve the efficacy of high-risk patients, but also reduce the effects of drug complications for surviving patients.

Material and Methods

Patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma between 1986 and 2012 were selected form the TARGET database. The nomogram was built with potential risk factors based on COX regression analysis. The precision of the 3-year and 5-year survival of the nomograms was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 757 child neuroblastoma patients were selected from the TARGET database. Univariate analysis showed that age of diagnosis (>520 day), race of American Indian or Alaska Native, stage 4 in International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), MYCN status, DNA ploidy, and high mitosis-karyorrhexis index were associated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed age of diagnosis (>520 day), stage 4 in INSS and DNA ploidy were independent risk factors of OS. The concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram was 0.704 (95% CI [0.686–0.722]) in the training cohort while the C-index in the validation cohort was 0.672 (95% CI [0.644–0.700]). AUC values of ROC curves for 3-year OS and 5-year OS in the training cohort were 0.732 and 0.772, respectively. The nomogram performed better compared with INSS staging system, tumor histology and children’s oncology group (COG) risk group with C-indexes of 0.662 (95% CI [0.648–0.676]), 0.637 (95% CI [0.622–0.652]) and 0.651 (95% CI [0.637–0.665]), respectively.

Conclusions

The nomogram showed stronger predictive power than the INSS staging system, tumor histology and COG risk group. Precise estimates of the prognosis of childhood neuroblastoma might help doctors make better treatment decisions.
A Review of the Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Nutrient Status, with Especial Consideration to Folate in UK
Authors: Wakeman Michael P.
Published: July 2019

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used by a significant number of women, often commencing at early adolescence.  Whilst most research has investigated the physiological effects of OCs, some studies have identified impacts upon nutritional status of certain vitamins and minerals. In this context, a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) is relevant, since women who take OCs-especially in less well-developed countries might not always have adequate diet. Furthermore, women whose life style is unhealthy, those with malabsorption pathologies, or have genetic polymorphisms that affect vitamin metabolism might also be at risk of the negative impacts on an individual’s nutrient status. This literature review investigates the effects that oral contraceptives might have upon nutrient status. It identifies potential interactions with Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, and E and folic acid as well as magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, co-enzyme Q10, and beta-carotene status. It then examines the possible consequences that induced depletion of folic acid might cause with especial focus on neural tubes defects in UK, where food supplementation with this vitamin is not yet mandatory. It suggests that in those using this form of contraception or hormone replacement therapy, it is valid to consider appropriate nutritional supplements as a complementary first line strategy in order to prevent possible vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
ANÁLISE DOS REPOSITÓRIOS DAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Villalobos Ana Paula De Oliveira , Gomes Fabio Andrade
Published: July 2019

Introdução: Os Repositórios Institucionais têm-se tornado uma alternativa relevante para as instituições de ensino e pesquisa por reunirem a produção científica em um único local, potencializando a disseminação e o acesso à informação científica. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como os repositórios institucionais de universidades federais brasileiras padronizam os metadados na representação da informação. Método: A metodologia caracterizou-se como descritiva, cuja investigação se deu através da combinação dos métodos levantamento, documental e estudo de casos múltiplos, a partir de uma amostra composta de 21 repositórios registrados em pelo menos um dos três diretórios selecionados com o URL em funcionamento. Para a obtenção das informações, optou-se pela adoção das técnicas de observação sistemática e aplicação de questionário junto aos gestores. Resultados: Dos 21 repositórios analisados, apenas 13 (61,90%) e 4 (19,05%) possuíam, respectivamente, política de funcionamento e manual divulgados. Dos 20 gestores que responderam ao questionário, 17 (85%) declararam oferecer treinamento para os responsáveis pelo depósito e 19 (95%) informaram realizar revisão/controle de metadados. Conclusão: Assim, concluiu-se que, embora a maioria dos repositórios institucionais analisados realize ações que visam a padronização de metadados na representação da informação, observou-se questões críticas que a compromete, tais como carência de políticas de funcionamento e de manuais divulgados com conteúdos relevantes para auxiliar o depositante no processo de descrição de documento.
BIBLIOMETRIA, CIENCIOMETRIA E UM POSSÍVEL CAMINHO PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE INDICADORES E MAPAS DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICAca
Authors: De Camargo Lorena Stephanie , Barbosa Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

A partir da percepção de que a construção de indicadores científicos pode representar fonte de interesse estratégico para a academia e empresas, o artigo apresenta uma breve exploração acerca de um possível caminho para a construção de tais indicadores. Inicialmente, expõe as definições, propósitos e aplicações da bibliometria e cienciometria. Em seguida, além de introduzir o conceito de mapa científico, esclarece as diferenças entre indicadores de primeira e segunda geração, baseado em exemplos que demonstrem seus tipos e finalidades, e indica as etapas básicas a serem desenvolvidas para sua construção. Também são apresentados alguns dos softwares bibliométricos disponíveis para auxiliar na conversão de um volumoso corpo teórico em informações estratégicas e simplificadas. Por fim, apresenta suas considerações finais, baseada na constatação de que a bibliometria e a cienciometria necessitam de buscar caminhos adequados para se transformar cada vez mais em fontes estratégicas para o desenvolvimento científico.
PUBLICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS E DIREITO AUTORAL: A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL
Authors: Argollo Lahiri Lourenço , Rosa Flávia Goulart Mota Garcia
Published: July 2019

O direito autoral é uma construção jurídica que remonta ao século XVIII e tem por objetivo central assegurar a remuneração da atividade criativa. Todavia, a cultura humana é um bem comum. Ainda que de caráter intangível, os direitos patrimoniais colidem, em determinada instância, com a função social da propriedade e o direito de acesso à educação e à informação, especialmente no que diz respeito ao conhecimento científico, vinculado as Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas. Com base em pesquisas bibliográficas, este texto discute as relações entre a propriedade intelectual e às práticas no mercado editorial de publicações científicas a partir das previsões constitucionais sobre a propriedade e os diretos de cidadania.
Multifunctional Fibers to Shape Future Biomedical Devices
Authors: Zhang Ye , Ding Jianxun , Qi Baowen , Tao Wei , Wang Junqing , Zhao Caiyan , Peng Huisheng , Shi Jinjun
Published: July 2019

Fiber‐based configurations are highly desirable for wearable and implantable biomedical devices due to their unique properties, such as ultra‐flexibility, weavability, minimal invasiveness, and tissue adaptability. Recent developments have focused on the fabrication of fibrous devices with multiple biomedical functions, such as noninvasively or minimally invasively monitoring of physiological signals, delivering drugs, transplanting cells, and recording and stimulating nerves. In this Review, the recent progress of these multifunctional fiber‐based devices in terms of their composite materials, fabrication techniques, structural designs, device‐tissue interfaces, and biomedical applications is carefully described. The remaining challenges and future directions in this emerging and exciting research field are also highlighted.
Perovskite‐Based Optoelectronic Biointerfaces for Non‐Bias‐Assisted Photostimulation of Cells
Authors: Aria Mohammad M. , Srivastava Shashi B. , Sekerdag Emine , Dikbas Ugur M. , Sadeghi Sadra , Pering Samuel R. , Cameron Petra J. , Gursoy‐Ozdemir Yasemin , Kavakli Ibrahim H. , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: July 2019

Organohalide perovskites have attracted significant attention for efficient solar energy harvesting. They boost the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of the solution‐processable solar cells because of having a nearly 100% internal quantum efficiency, operating in both narrow‐ and broadband spectral regimes, near‐infrared sub‐bandgap absorption, and high diffusion length. At the same time, these optoelectronic properties make it an ideal candidate for photostimulation of neurons. However, the biocompatibility of perovskite and its longevity in a cell medium constitute a major limitation to use it for biological interfaces. Here, high‐level perovskite stability and biocompatibility are shown by forming hydrophobic perovskite microcrystals and encapsulating them within a polydimethylsiloxane layer. For effective and safe photostimulation of cells perovskite microcrystals are interfaced with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) polymer for dissociation of the photogenerated charge carriers, which leads to non‐bias‐assisted cell stimulation. The results point out a new direction for the use of perovskite for photomedicine.
Perforated Bimodal Interferometric Biosensor for Affinity Sensing
Authors: Uchiyamada Ken , Okubo Kyohei , Asakawa Kiyoshi , Kamon Yuri , Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: July 2019

A compact photonic sensor using a perforated waveguide (PW) that functions as a bimodal interferometer (BiMI) is developed for affinity sensing. A 2D array of holes is formed on the bimodal region of the waveguide. The PW is designed to allow 1.31 µm wavelength light to transmit, harnessing the strong optical intensity distribution inside the holes to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. Numerical simulations show that the PW‐BiMI outperforms a nonperforated BiMI in surface sensitivity by 7.6 times. A molecularly imprinted polymer for human serum albumin (HSA) is synthesized and coated on the PW‐BiMI. The sensitivity and detection limit for HSA achieved using a 100 µm long sensor are 154 nm µm−1 and 20.4 µg mL−1, respectively. Compared with a BiMI of equivalent length, the PW‐BiMI sensor would have a 22 times larger surface sensitivity, and the detection limit would be decreased to 31%. The PW‐BiMI sensor has potential for application in label‐free biosensing with a small volume of solution.
Biological Considerations of Optical Interfaces for Neuromodulation
Authors: Hart William L. , Kameneva Tatiana , Wise Andrew K. , Stoddart Paul R.
Published: July 2019

The success of devices such as cochlear implants and pacemakers has led to increasing interest in new applications of artificial neural interfaces, ranging from brain–computer interfaces to vagus nerve stimulators. Both the established and emerging applications of neural interfaces have highlighted the need for improvements in spatial selectivity and reduced invasiveness, which in turn has driven growing interest in optical interfaces. The delivery of light to—and collection of light from—neural tissue presents distinct challenges for optical devices. This review presents the status of optical interface technologies with a focus on biological considerations, such as biocompatibility, thermal loading, and tissue response. Attention is also paid to factors affecting the portability of optical interfaces, and issues around reliability and manufacturing that need to be considered for successful translation. Indeed, it is imperative that engineers work closely with physiologists, clinicians, and patients when developing devices for research and the clinic. Finally, emerging trends and the potential for new technologies to disrupt the field are discussed. While many engineering challenges remain to be overcome, the achievements to date suggest that optical neuromodulation techniques have significant potential to be deployed in future for a wide range of practical therapeutic applications.
How to increase the resectability of initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A surgical perspective
Authors: Imai Katsunori , Adam René , Baba Hideo
Published: July 2019

Although surgical resection is the only treatment of choice that can offer prolonged survival and a chance of cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), nearly 80% of patients are deemed to be unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Considerable efforts have been made to overcome this initial unresectability, including expanding the indication of surgery, the advent of conversion chemotherapy, and development and modification of specific surgical techniques, regulated under multidisciplinary approaches. In terms of specific surgical techniques, portal vein ligation/embolization can increase the volume of future liver remnant and thereby reduce the risk of hepatic insufficiency and death after major hepatectomy. For multiple bilobar CRLM that were traditionally considered unresectable even with preoperative chemotherapy and portal vein embolization, two‐stage hepatectomy was introduced and has been adopted worldwide with acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Recently, ALPPS (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) was reported as a novel variant of two‐stage hepatectomy. Although issues regarding safety remain unresolved, rapid future liver remnant hypertrophy and subsequent shorter intervals between the two stages lead to a higher feasibility rate, reaching 98%. In addition, adding radiofrequency ablation and vascular resection and reconstruction techniques can allow expansion of the pool of patients with CRLM who are candidates for liver resection and thus a cure. In this review, we discuss specific techniques that may expand the criteria for resectability in patients with initially unresectable CRLM.
“The Thing Happened as He Wished”: Recovering an American Indian Cultural Psychology
Authors: Gone Joseph P.
Published: July 2019

One of the chief questions confronting mental health professionals who serve American Indian communities is how best to offer genuinely helpful services that do not simultaneously and surreptitiously reproduce colonial power relations. To ensure that counselors and therapists do not engage in psy‐colonization, it is crucial to recognize the sometimes divergent cultural foundations of mental distress, disorder, and well‐being in “Indian Country.” In this article, I will consider four excerpts from a research interview undertaken among my own people, the Aaniiih Gros Ventres of north‐central Montana. At a superficial level, these excerpts seem to reinforce reigning sensibilities that are readily familiar within the mental health professions. And yet, closer analysis of these interview excerpts reveals several tantalizing facets of an indigenous cultural psychology that may well continue to shape life and experience among tribal members in this setting. I recover this distinctive cultural psychology through archival representations of cultural and community life, including analysis of an important tribal myth. This analysis makes possible an alterNative interpretation of these interview excerpts, grounded in an aboriginal cosmology, that yields important implications for conceiving a more inclusive knowledge base for psychology that only robust community engagement can reveal.
Liver Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease is associated with poor survival among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Modi Dipenkumar , Ye Jing Christine , Surapaneni Malini , Singh Vijendra , Chen Wei , Jang Hyejeong , Deol Abhinav , Ayash Lois , Alavi Asif , Ratanatharathorn Voravit , Uberti Joseph P.
Published: July 2019

Liver Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is common in patients with post‐transplant liver dysfunction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Oftentimes, the diagnosis is made clinically, and liver biopsy is deferred. Our objective was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of liver GVHD among patients who developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Additionally, we evaluated the feasibility of liver biopsy in this population. We compared outcomes between liver GVHD and a “non‐liver GVHD” group, which consisted of other etiologies of post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Between January 2003 and December 2010, 249 patients developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction following AHSCT: 124 patients developed liver GVHD and 125 were in the “non‐liver GVHD” group. The incidence of acute and chronic liver GVHD at one year was 15.7% and 31.0%, respectively. The competing risk analysis revealed full intensity conditioning regimen (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; P = .008) and related donor (HR, 1.68; P = .004) as independent risk factors for liver GVHD. The time‐varying covariate Cox regression analysis with competing risk event, demonstrated that liver GVHD was independently associated with higher non‐relapse mortality, and adverse relapse‐free and overall survival. A total of 112 liver biopsies were performed in 100 patients. No major complications were observed. Liver biopsy confirmed prebiopsy hypotheses in 49% of cases, and led to treatment modification in 49% of patients. Our study shows that liver GVHD is associated with adverse survival. Liver biopsy is safe and often helps directing care in this setting.
The inner ear of the Paranthropus specimen DNH 22 from Drimolen, South Africa
Authors: Beaudet Amélie
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Morphological variation within the southern African hypodigm of Paranthropus has been the focus of major interest since the earliest discoveries in the “Cradle of Humankind.” Given the relevance of the bony labyrinth for investigating fossil primate paleobiodiversity, this article aims to provide additional evidence for assessing the degree of regional variation within Paranthropus through the comparative analysis of the inner ear of DNH 22.

Materials and methods

As comparative material, 18 southern African hominin specimens from Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Makapansgat (plus published data from Kromdraai B), attributed to Australopithecus, early Homo or Paranthropus, as well as 10 extant human and 10 extant common chimpanzee specimens are investigated. A landmark‐based geometric morphometric method is applied for quantitatively assessing labyrinthine morphology. Additionally, cochlear parameters and oval window area are measured.

Results

In terms of semicircular canal and cochlear shape, DNH 22 most resembles the Paranthropus specimen SKW 18 from Swartkrans. Both specimens differ from the other Paranthropus specimens investigated in this study by an anteroposteriorly large posterior semicircular canal and a cochlea with loose turns in the apical portion. Conversely, the oval window area in DNH 22 closely fits the range observed in Paranthropus from Swartkrans and Kromdraai B.

Discussion

The inner ear of the DNH 22 specimen represents a unique opportunity to provide further insight into the early hominin labyrinthine variation pattern. In particular, the description of DNH 22 raises critical questions on the diversity of the vestibular system and evolutionary pattern of the auditory apparatus in Paranthropus.
Indicators of stress and their association with frailty in the precontact Southwestern United States
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Physiological disturbances in early life have been shown to increase individual mortality risk and impact health in adulthood. This study examines frailty through analysis of lesion status of two commonly collected skeletal indicators of stress (cribra orbitalia [CO] and porotic hyperostosis [PH]) and their association with mortality risk in the precontact U.S. Southwest. Several predictions are addressed: (a) individuals with active skeletal lesions are the frailest; (b) individuals with healed lesions are the least frail; (c) CO lesions, regardless of status, are associated with increased mortality risk.

Materials and methods

Odds ratios and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis are used to examine the association between stress indicators and mortality in the U.S. Southwest. This study includes 335 individuals (75 females, 81 males, 20 adults of unknown sex, and 159 juveniles) from precontact New Mexico archaeological sites dating to A.D. 1,000–1,400.

Results

Active CO and PH lesions are associated with lower survivorship and greater mortality risk than healed or absent lesions. Only juvenile individuals have active CO and PH lesions, as is expected given their physiology. CO lesions in any state are associated with greater mortality risk and earlier ages of death.

Discussion

Individuals with active lesions are the frailest; while individuals with healed lesions are the least frail. CO and PH likely have different etiologies: CO lesions are associated with increased mortality risk and decreased individual longevity. These results indicate that CO's presence suggests a more severe underlying condition than PH lesions alone.
Control of β‐Branching in Kalimantacin Biosynthesis: Application of 13C NMR to Polyketide Programming
Authors: Walker Paul D. , Williams Christopher , Weir Angus N. M. , Wang Luoyi , Crosby John , Race Paul R. , Simpson Thomas J. , Willis Christine L. , Crump Matthew P.
Published: July 2019

The presence of β‐branches in the structure of polyketides that possess potent biological activity underpins the widespread importance of this structural feature. Kalimantacin is a polyketide antibiotic with selective activity against staphylococci, and its biosynthesis involves the unprecedented incorporation of three different and sequential β‐branching modifications. We use purified single and multi‐domain enzyme components of the kalimantacin biosynthetic machinery to address in vitro how the pattern of β‐branching in kalimantacin is controlled. Robust discrimination of enzyme products required the development of a generalisable assay that takes advantage of 13C NMR of a single 13C label incorporated into key biosynthetic mimics combined with favourable dynamic properties of an acyl carrier protein. We report a previously unassigned modular enoyl‐CoA hydratase (mECH) domain and the assembly of enzyme constructs and cascades that are able to generate each specific β‐branch.
Eine Beispielsammlung von Ausführungsvarianten für dauerhafte Betonbauteile in Parkbauten
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Bilgin Serdar
Published: July 2019

Das neue DBV‐Heft 42 „Ausführungsvarianten für dauerhafte Bauteile in Parkbauten – Beispielsammlung“ [1] wurde im Januar 2019 vom Deutschen Beton‐ und Bautechnik‐Verein E.V. aufgrund der Vielzahl möglicher Ausführungsvarianten und ‐details zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit von feuchte‐ und chloridbeanspruchten Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbauteilen in Parkbauten als Ergänzung zum DBV‐Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“ von 2018 [2] veröffentlicht. Das DBV‐Heft repräsentiert einen umfangreichen Erfahrungsschatz auf dem aktuellen Stand der Technik und soll die in der Praxis tätigen Ingenieure bei Planung, Ausschreibung und Ausführung von Parkbauten unterstützen. Mit diesem Bericht wird ein Einblick in das DBV‐Heft 42 gegeben.
Evaluating the effectiveness of goal setting and textual feedback for increasing moderate‐intensity physical activity in adults
Authors: Zarate Michael , Miltenberger Raymond , Valbuena Diego
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of goal setting and textual feedback, without additional intervention components, for increasing moderate‐intensity physical activity, specifically the weekly number of intense steps measured by a Fitbit. A multiple baseline across participants design was employed with four participants using a Fitbit Flex accelerometer to measure intense steps. Results showed a substantial increase in weekly number of intense steps for three out of four participants following the intervention.
Direct assessment of quality of care in an applied behavior analysis center
Authors: Grauerholz‐Fisher Emma , Vollmer Timothy R. , Peters Kerri P. , Perez Brandon C. , Berard Allison M.
Published: July 2019

Momentary time sampling has been used to evaluate quality of care in several settings, including residential facilities and nursing homes. Given the growing number of behavior analysts providing center‐based applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy to children with autism spectrum disorders, ABA centers are a new area in which assessing environmental indicators that might be correlated with the quality of care could be very important. Therefore, we extended these procedures to an ABA center, where we used momentary time sampling to assess staff behavior, client behavior, client condition, and environmental condition. The results demonstrated that this descriptive assessment can be a useful tool to obtain direct measures of variables that might affect quality of care. The general utility of this assessment, intervention plans for targets identified by this assessment, limitations of the assessment, and directions for future research in this area are discussed.