bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on Entrepreneurial Culture to Discuss the Correlation between Sustainable Innovation Capability and Patent
Authors: Qi Aimin
Published: June 2019

Currently the rapid growth of global economy has the competition among high-tech industries develop from regional to global, and the competition becomes fierce. In face of such fierce competition in global high-tech industry, it is realized that tangible assets could no longer be the differentiation basis, but intangible assets are regarded as the differentiation capital. An enterprise with sustainable innovation would dominate the world market and enhance the international competitiveness of domestic economy. When internal entrepreneurial culture is prevalent, an enterprise would naturally promote the innovation capability. Such a point of view also explains more popular of the innovative products or services of some enterprises than those with larger scales. Aiming at employees in high-tech industry in Guanxi Province, total 500 copies of questionnaire are randomly distributed, and 337 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 67%. The research results reveal significantly positive correlations between 1.entrepreneurial culture and sustainable innovation capability, 2.sustainable innovation capability and patent, and 3.entrepreneurial culture and patent. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to explain how a high-tech business outperforms in the changeable digital era and acquires the sustainable innovation capability and patent to grasp the opportunity.
Solving the Waxy Crude-Oil Pipeline-Flow-Restart Problem Numerically in Nonisothermal Condition from the Perspective of Engineering
Authors: Lei Chen , Junjie Gao , Gang Liu , Shuyi Ren , Cheng Chen , Ruiyu Xu , Chai John C.
Published: June 2019

For maintenance, emergency, or other reasons, pipeline flow can stop. In the development of startup models, the heat diffusion between oil and the surrounding region has not always been considered. Here we establish a numerical restart model for buried pipelines consisting of a new simplified oil heat-transfer model and a cold oil-displacement-flow model considering oil heat diffusion to low-temperature soil and temperature gradients in the axial direction. In addition, we present our studies on the effects of axial-mesh size, timestep, different boundary conditions of the pipe wall, and shutdown in different seasons.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic total hysterectomy
Authors: Xu Si-Qi , Ju Xia , Wang Sheng-Bin , Hu Sheng-Hong , Li Qing , Li Yuan-hai
Published: June 2019

Background

A few studies have manifested that intravenous (IV) lidocaine or dexmedetomidine decreased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We investigated whether lidocaine plus dexmedetomidine infusion could better reduce the incidence of PONV than placebo after laparoscopic total hysterectomy.

Methods

This prospective, randomized controlled study enrolled 126 women undergoing elective laparoscopic total hysterectomy with general anesthesia. They divided into the following two groups: patients in the lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine group (group LD) received lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg loading, 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion) and dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg loading, 0.4 μg/kg/h infusion), respectively. Patients in the control group (group CON) received the equal volume of saline. The primary outcome was the incidence of nausea, vomiting and PONV for the first 48 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes included intraoperative propofol and remifentanil consumption, postoperative fentanyl requirement, Ramsay sedation score, and the incidence of bradycardia during post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay period.

Results

Data of 59 in CON and 60 in LD groups were analyzed. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and PONV in group LD during the 0 to 2 hours and 24 to 48 hours after the operation was slightly lower than group CON, but the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and PONV was much lower in group LD than group CON at 2 to 24 hours after surgery (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively). The cumulative requirement of fentanyl during the first 48 hours after surgery was significantly reduced in group LD compared to group CON (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). Propofol and remifentanil total dose in the intraoperative period was significantly lower in group LD compared with group CON (P<0.01 and P<0.01). However, the level of sedation and incidence of bradycardia during the PACU stay period were markedly increased in group LD compared with group CON (P<0.01 and P<0.01).

Conclusion

Lidocaine plus dexmedetomidine infusion markedly decreased the occurrence of nausea, vomiting and PONV within the 2 to 24 hours after laparoscopic total hysterectomy with general anesthesia. However, it increased the incidence of bradycardia and the level of sedation during the PACU stay period.
Planting Date Affects Total Glucosinolate Concentrations in Six Commercial Cabbage Cultivars
Authors: Radovich Theodore J.K. , Kleinhenz Matthew D. , Streeter John G. , Miller A. Raymond , Scheerens Joseph C.
Published: June 2019

Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites derived from amino acids and they influence human health, pest populations and crop flavor. Our primary objective was to determine the independent and interactive effects of planting date (PD) and cultivar (C) on total glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage, in part to help develop management systems that optimize them. A second objective was to explore the reported link between total glucosinolate concentrations and pungency in fresh cabbage. Six commercial fresh market cabbage cultivars were planted in May and June 2001 and 2002 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) Vegetable Crops Research Branch in Fremont, Ohio. Total glucosinolate concentrations in horticulturally mature heads were determined using a glucose evolution procedure. In 2001, 12 to 14 experienced panelists also scored sample pungency. Total glucosinolate concentrations were significantly affected by PD and C, but the PD × C interaction was not significant. Mean glucosinolate concentrations were greater in Maythan June-planted cabbage in both years. Cultivar ranking with regard to glucosinolate concentrations was similar between planting dates in both years. `Cheers' had the highest mean glucosinolate concentrations (23.1 and 29.5 mmol·kg-1 dry weight in 2001 and 2002, respectively) and `Solid Blue 790' the lowest (17.1 and 19.7 mmol·kg-1 dry weight in 2001 and 2002, respectively). In 2001, panelists generally scored cultivars highest in glucosinolates as more pungent than cultivars lowest in glucosinolates. These data suggest that planting date and cultivar effects on total glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage are largely independent. Climatic data suggest that higher air temperatures during head development of May-compared to June-planted cabbage induced plant stress and resulted in higher glucosinolate concentrations in May-planted cabbage.
Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Apple Trees
Authors: Elfving Don C. , Visser Dwayne B.
Published: June 2019

A new bioregulator, cyclanilide (CYC, Bayer Environmental Science, Montvale, N.J.), was tested for growth-related effects on apple trees over three years. Although treatment with CYC produced small reductions in shoot length, its principal effect was to stimulate the formation of lateral shoots on current-season's shoot growth and from spurs on older wood. CYC treatment of `Scarletspur Delicious' apple trees in the nursery more than doubled the formation of well-developed feathers with wide crotch angles (≈60°) and with no effect on final tree height. CYC appeared to flatten the apples and reduce fruit size in one trial. CYC appears promising for lateral branch induction in apple, especially in the nursery. Chemical names used: 1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (Cyclanilide); calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate (prohexadione-Ca, Apogee); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine + gibberellins A4A7 (Promalin); polyoxyethylenepolypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid).
The Effects of End-of-the-day Red and Far-red Light on Growth and Flowering of Petunia ×hybrida `Countdown Burgundy' Grown under Photoselective Films
Authors: Ilias Ilias F. , Rajapakse Nihal
Published: June 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate if brief exposure to end-of-the-day (EOD) red (R) or far red (FR) light can overcome the flowering delay of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. `Countdown Burgundy') grown under FR deficient greenhouse environments with no adverse effects on stem elongation. Plants were grown under clear, FR, and R light absorbing greenhouse films (control, AFR, and AR films, respectively) and exposed to R or FR light at the end of the photoperiod for 15 minutes. At flowering, main stem of plants grown under the AR film was about 17% longer and that of AFR film grown plants (without EOD treatment) was about 50% shorter than control plants. EOD-R light reduced stem elongation of control plants but had no effect on AFR or AR film-grown plants. EOD-FR light increased stem elongation in plants grown under AR and AFR films but the percentage increase was greater under AFR film (7%, 19%, and 64% increase in control, AR, and AFR films, respectively). However, plants that received EOD-FR light under AFR film were 25% shorter than control plants that received no EOD light. AFR film delayed flowering by 11 days but AR film had no effect. Fifteen-minute exposure to EOD-R or -FR light had no effect on flowering under control and AFR film. Although the exposure to brief EOD-FR partially increased stem elongation, it was not sufficient to accelerate flowering. Treatments to enhance flowering can cause stem elongation. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid improper crop timing, especially with long-day plants.
Do Plant Guarantees Matter? The Role of Satisfaction and Regret when Guarantees are Present
Authors: Dennis Jennifer H. , Behe Bridget K. , Fernandez R. Thomas , Schutzki Robert , Page Thomas J. , Spreng Richard A.
Published: June 2019

A consumer research study was conducted examining effects of plant guarantees on satisfaction and regret in the purchase of three horticultural products: hanging baskets, potted roses, and container perennials. Five hundred and seventeen respondents were divided into two groups: those who were offered a guarantee and those who were not offered a guarantee. The effects of satisfaction and regret on repurchase intentions were recorded on multi-item seven-point Likert scales. A structural equation model was used to examine simultaneous relationships between regret, satisfaction, and intention to repurchase. Survey results indicated guarantees would increase satisfaction and decrease regret for hanging baskets, but not for container perennials and potted roses. Five of six models showed regret and/or satisfaction directly impacted intention to repurchase. Both satisfaction and regret had a direct influence on repurchase intentions for the hanging baskets model regardless of the presence or absence of guarantees. When guarantees were absent, satisfaction and regret had direct effects on intention to repurchase for the perennial model. Regret was the only construct to directly impact intention to repurchase in the potted rose model. Guarantees appear to lower the risks of buying some products and may improve the perception of quality of the offering.
Firmness Retention, and Prevention of Coreline Browning and Senescence in `Macoun' Apples with 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Moran Renae E. , McManus Patricia
Published: June 2019

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) maintained firmness of `Macoun' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) above 50 N after 90 to 100 days regular air storage when harvested at a starch index of 2.7 to 3.5, and after 50 days when harvested at a starch index past 4.0. Softening of `Macoun' was slowed by 1-MCP in both preclimacteric and climacteric fruit, but for a shorter duration in climacteric fruit. 1-MCP reduced but did not eliminate the occurrence of senescent breakdown. The effect of 1-MCP on coreline browning was inconsistent, reducing its occurrence in 2002 and 2003, but increasing its occurrence in 2001 when fruit were harvested at an advanced maturity.
Micropropagation of Lingonberry: Influence of Genotype, Explant Orientation, and Overcoming TDZ-induced Inhibition of Shoot Elongation Using Zeatin
Authors: Debnath Samir C.
Published: June 2019

In an attempt to improve the micropropagation protocol for lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) developed at the Centre, two lingonberry clones were compared for in vitro shoot proliferation on two different media supplemented with varying levels of thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ supported proliferation at low concentrations (0.1 to 1 μm) but inhibited shoot elongation. However, usable shoots were obtained within 4 weeks by transferring shoot cluster to medium containing 1 μm zeatin. Genotypes differed significantly with respect to multiplication rate with `EL1' producing the most shoots per explant. In both genotypes, shoot proliferation was greatly influenced by explant orientation. Changing the orientation of explants from vertically upright to horizontal increased axillary shoot number, but decreased shoot height and leaf number per shoot. Proliferated shoots were rooted on a 2 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) medium, and the plantlets were acclimatized and eventually established in the greenhouse.
Micropropagation of Eight Moroccan and French Olive Cultivars
Authors: Sghir Saïda , Chatelet Philippe , Ouazzani Noureddine , Dosba Françoise , Belkoura Ilham
Published: June 2019

The responses of several Moroccan and French olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars to various strategies for in vitro establishment and culture were compared. A cultivar effect was clearly observed with `Haouzia' cultivar being more readily multiplied. ZR produced the best response in all the cultivars studied, in particular when considering the time elapsed between explant inoculation and budbreak for 50% of the explants (lag phase), growth of the primary shoot and the multiplication rate. Treatments with BA alone or combined with NAA increased the number of axillary buds and internodes without improving their growth. Root induction with IBA in the dark using a two-phase scheme resulted in the best rooting rate in shoots obtained in vitro, and this for all cultivars. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), zeatin riboside (ZR).
Inclusion of Acetyl Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate into the Priming Solution Improves Low-temperature Germination and Emergence of Sweet Pepper
Authors: Korkmaz Ahmet
Published: June 2019

The effects of incorporating plant growth regulators into the priming solution on low temperature germination and emergence percentage performance of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Demre') seeds before and after seed storage were investigated. Seeds were primed in 3% KNO3 solution for 6 days at 25 °C in darkness containing one of the following: 1, 3, 5, or 10 μm methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mm acetyl salicylic acid (ASA). Following priming, seeds were either immediately subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15 °C or stored at 4 °C for 1 month after which they were subjected to germination test at 15 °C. Priming pepper seeds in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators in general improved final germination percentage (FGP), germination rate (G50) and germination synchrony (G10-90) at 15 °C compared to nonprimed seeds which had an FGP of 44%, G50 of 7.3 days and G10-90 of 7.3 days. Priming seeds in KNO3 solution containing 0.1 mm of ASA resulted in the highest germination percentage (91%), fastest germination rate (G50 = 2.2 days) and the most synchronous germination (G10-90 = 6.1 days). Emergence percentages were the highest for the seeds primed in the presence of 0.1 mm ASA (85%) and 3 μm MeJA (84%) while nonprimed seeds had an emergence percentage of 40%. Fastest emergence rates (E50) were also obtained from seeds primed in KNO3 supplemented with 3 μm MeJA (E50 = 15.2 days) and 0.1 mm ASA (E50 = 15.2 days). Shoot fresh and dry weights of pepper seedlings were significantly affected by priming treatments and priming in the presence of 0.1 mm ASA resulted in highest seedling shoot fresh and dry weights. Although all priming treatments improved germination performance of pepper seeds at 15 °C following 1 month of storage, inclusion of 0.1 mm ASA into the priming solution resulted in the highest germination percentage (84%) and germination rate (G50 = 3.8 days). These results indicate that priming seeds in 0.1 mm of ASA or 3 μm MeJA incorporated into the KNO3 solution can be used as an effective method to improve low temperature performance of sweet pepper seeds and that these seeds can be stored for 1 month at 4 °C and still exhibit improved germination performance at 15 °C.
Fresh-market Tomato Gas Exchange, Biomass, and Fruit Yield are Similar with Legume Cover Crops or Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Whitehead W.F. , Singh B.P.
Published: June 2019

Conventional production of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) requires substantial investments, intensive management and high inputs of nitrogen. High N rates invariably leave residual soil NO3-N with the potential of polluting ground water and posing health hazard to humans and animals. The objective of this study was to examine the value of cover crops as a substitute to synthetic N fertilizer in growing of tomatoes. The experimental treatments consisted of control (no N fertilizer or cover crop), Abruzzi rye (Secale cereale L), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), or crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop, and fertilization of N at 90 or 180 kg·ha-1. The treatments were replicated four times over 2 years in a randomized complete block experiment for growing `Mountain Pride' tomato on a Greenville fine sandy loam soil. The parameters used to evaluate the performance of tomato consisted of leaf area index (LAI), gas exchange (GE), above ground plant dry weight, number of fruits, dry weight of fruits, and marketable fruit yield. Tomato LAI was similar under legumes and N fertilizers. Hairy vetch and applied N at 90 kg·ha-1 influenced net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (E) the most in both years at all stages of growth. Highest number of tomatoes were produced in hairy vetch and applied N at 90 kg·ha-1 plots. There was no significant difference in the above ground plant dry weight, fruit yield and dry weight of fruits between legumes and N fertilizers. The results suggested that the legume cover crops compared favorably to N fertilizers in promoting tomato growth and development and may have potential of substituting N fertilizers in fresh-market tomato production.
Effects of Iron Source on Iron Chlorosis and Exserohilum Leaf Spot Severity in Wodyetia bifurcata
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Elliott Monica L.
Published: June 2019

Foxtail palms (Wodyetia bifurcata Irvine) were grown in 6.2-L containers using a 3 calcitic limestone gravel: 2 coir dust (by volume) substrate to induce Fe chlorosis. Plants were treated initially and 2 and 4 months later with soil applications of FeDTPA, FeEDDHA, FeEDTA+FeHEDTA on vermiculite, FeEDTA+FeDTPA on clay, ferric citrate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate+sulfur, or iron glucoheptonate at a rate of 0.2 g Fe/container. Similar plants were treated initially and 2 and 4 months later with foliar sprays of FeDTPA, FeEDDHA, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, or iron glucoheptonate at a rate of 0.8 g Fe/L. After 6 months, palms receiving soil applications of FeEDDHA, FeEDTA+FeHEDTA on vermiculite, FeDTPA, or FeEDTA+FeDTPA on clay had significantly less chlorosis than plants receiving other soil-applied Fe fertilizers or untreated control plants. Palms treated with foliar Fe fertilizers had chlorosis ratings similar to untreated control plants. Palms with the most severe Fe chlorosis also had the highest levels of leaf spot disease caused by Exserohilum rostratum (Drechs.) K.J. Leonard & E.G. Suggs. Neither chlorosis severity nor leaf spot severity was correlated with total leaf Fe concentration.
Aluminum Resistance among Seeded Bermudagrasses
Authors: Liu Haibo
Published: June 2019

Aluminum toxicity is a major limiting factor for turfgrass establishment and growth when soil pH is <5.0. Limited information on aluminum resistance is available among warm-season turfgrasses and these turfgrasses often grow in the areas with acid soil conditions. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate seeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) cultivars for the ability to tolerate a high level of aluminum and 2) to measure the extent of aluminum damage to the root systems. In total, 16 bermudagrass cultivars were evaluated under greenhouse conditions using a solution culture and an acid Tatum soil (Clayey, mixed, thermic, typic, Hapludult). The soil had pH 4.4% and 69% exchangeable aluminum. A concentration of 640 μm aluminum and a pH 4.0 was used for solution culture. The grasses were grown for 28 days in solution culture; 28 days in the acid Tatum soil; and 78 days in the acid Tatum soil before harvesting. Aluminum resistance was determined by measuring the longest root length, the longest shoot length, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, and shoot to root ratio in comparing the control to obtain the relative Al resistance among the cultivars. The results indicate that seeded bermudagrass cultivars differ in their aluminum resistance.
Temporary Covers Maintain Fall Bermudagras Quality, Enhance Spring Greenup, and Increase Stem Carbohydrate Levels
Authors: Goatley J.M. , Maddox V.L. , Lang D.L. , Elmore R.E. , Stewart B.R.
Published: June 2019

The ability of a temporary turf cover and foliar-applied iron (Fe) to sustain or promote bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) × transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Tifway' growth beyond its normal growing periods in central Mississippi was evaluated during the fall, winter, and spring seasons of 1998-2001. The application of a polypropylene turf blanket when night temperatures were predicted to be ≤4 °C extended acceptable bermudagrass turf quality by 5 to 8 weeks in the fall and winter period as compared to the uncovered control plots. Also, complete green-up of the turf occurred 4 to 6 weeks earlier the following spring. There was no enhancement in bermudagrass quality by temporarily covering at predicted night temperatures of ≤15 or ≤9.5 °C. Foliar applied iron (Fe) further enhanced turf quality in the fall and winter months, but resulted in no visible turf response the following spring. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in rhizomes that were sampled during November, January, and April 2000 and 2001 were generally increased by the cover application as compared to the uncovered control. Foliar Fe applications did not influence TNC levels.
Glucoraphanin Level in Broccoli Seed is Largely Determined by Genotype
Authors: Farnham Mark W. , Stephenson Katherine K. , Fahey Jed W.
Published: June 2019

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) seed and resulting sprouts can contain high levels of glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, which can be converted to sulforaphane, a compound with cancer protective and antioxidant properties. This observation has stimulated interest in broccoli seed production. In this study, inbred lines, which produce relatively high yields of homogeneous, selfed-seed across different environments in the absence of insect pollinators, were used to evaluate the relative importance of genotype versus environment as a determinant of glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli seed. Glucoraphanin and glucoiberin were measured in broccoli seed lots generated from ten broccoli inbred lines grown in two greenhouse and two screen cage environments. Typically, seed glucoraphanin level ranged from 5 to 100 μmol·g-1 seed and glucoiberin ranged from 0 to about 40 μmol·g-1 seed, regardless of the environment in which seed was produced. Analysis of variance indicated that genotype was the most significant factor influencing levels of the two glucosinolates. Although significant environmental and genotype × environment effects were observed for glucoraphanin and a significant genotype × environment effect was observed for glucoiberin, these effects were small compared to the genotype effects. Results indicate that it is possible to identify broccoli inbreds that consistently produce relatively high yields of seed with a high glucoraphanin content across different environments.
Podophyllotoxin Content and Yield of American Mayapple Leaves in Sun and Shade
Authors: Cushman Kent E. , Maqbool Muhammad , Lata Hemant , Bedir Ebru , Khan Ikhlas A. , Moraes Rita M.
Published: June 2019

Four levels of shade (0%, 30%, 55%, and 80%) were used to determine their effect on growth and lignan content of american mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.). Mayapple rhizomes were harvested from the wild and transplanted into plant beds on 20 Dec. 2001 using a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Growth and lignan content were recorded during spring of 2002 and 2003. Leaf samples were analyzed for the following lignans: podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, and beta-peltatin. Increasing levels of shade increased shoot longevity, leaf area per plant (cm2/plant), and shoot height. Shade did not affect shoot emergence, total leaf area (cm2·m-2), or leaf dry mass (g·m-2 or g/plant). Regardless of year, podophyllotoxin and total lignan contents at 0% shade were significantly greater than those at 80% shade, and the overall trend was for decreasing contents with increasing shade. Shade did not affect alpha-peltatin content. Content of beta-peltatin was greatest at 0% shade compared to the other three shade treatments. Year affected alpha-peltatin and beta-peltatin contents, with less content of each in 2003 than in 2002. There were large numerical decreases in podophyllotoxin yield (podophyllotoxin content per unit area, mg·m-2) as shade increased from 0% to 80%, but these differences were only marginally significant (P = 0.0897). In contrast, podophyllotoxin yield was significantly greater in 2003 than in 2002 as total leaf area and dry mass significantly increased. Increasing levels of shade slightly decreased air and soil temperatures. Our results indicate that american mayapple is not a shade-requiring species. Under full sun (0% shade) shoots did not persist as long as under shade and leaves were smaller and thicker, but total lignan content was significantly greater than under shade. It appears that growers of specialty crops serving the pharmaceutical industry can establish and cultivate american mayapple under full sun, thus providing leaf biomass with high podophyllotoxin content while avoiding the cost of expensive shade structures.
Red and Black Mulch Color Affects Production of Florida Strawberries
Authors: Locascio S.J. , Gilreath J.P. , Olson S. , Hutchinson C.M. , Chase C.A.
Published: June 2019

Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa, Duch) were grown in the annual hill system at four locations in Florida to compare the effects of standard black low density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch and red reflective mulch (SMR-red) on fruit size and production. Marketable fruit size was not affected by mulch color. Early and total marketable fruit yields were not affected by mulch color at Bradenton, but yields were significantly higher at Gainesville with red than black mulch, and were significantly higher with black than red mulch at Quincy and Hastings. Soil temperatures under the black mulch were significantly higher than red mulch at Hastings but significantly higher under red than black mulch at Gainesville. Mean soil temperatures at soil depths of 5 to 25 cm ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 °C Reflected photosynthetically active radiation values at 25 and 50 cm above the mulch were higher earlier in the season and decreased as the season progressed. Within a month after transplanting when foliage covered about 10% of the mulch, reflections were lower and similar at both heights with black mulch than red and were higher at 25 than 50 cm with red mulch. Data indicate that there was not a consistent advantage of the use of this red mulch over black mulch at four locations in Florida.
Leaf Scorch Epidemics Reduce Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield of `Kent' Strawberry
Authors: Mutisya J.M. , Sullivan J.A. , Couling S. , Sutton J.C. , Zheng J.
Published: June 2019

The relationship between severity of leaf scorch epidemics, caused by Diplocarpon earlianum, and components of vegetative growth and fruit yield was examined in `Kent' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). Plants were treated in July with six densities of initial inoculum of the pathogen, and severity of leaf scorch was assessed at 2-week intervals from late July to late October. After an analysis of vegetative growth in late October, plants were overwintered in the field or grown in a greenhouse, and later assessed for yield components. Relationships between area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and plant growth and yield components were examined by regression analysis. Significant negative linear relationships were found between AUDPC values and number of green leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, crown number, crown dry mass, and root dry weight. Significant negative relationships were also found between AUDPC values and number of flowers and inflorescences, and total and marketable berries in the subsequent season, in plants maintained in the field or in the greenhouse. Mean berry weight was not significantly affected. Reduction in the number of crowns in plants affected by leaf scorch was a major factor limiting the yield of diseased plants. In an analysis of regrowth at seven weeks after fruit harvest, a significant negative linear relationships was found between AUDPC values and each growth component except crown dry weight. Collectively, the data provide a rationale to optimize timing of treatments, such as chemical fungicides or microbial agents, to control leaf scorch in August, September and October and thereby promote berry yield in the subsequent season.
Custos Para Servir E Rentabilidade De Clientes Em Uma Empresa De Desenvolvimento De Softwares
Authors: Frigo Souza Fabiana , Krummenacher Marçal João Victor , Gasparetto Valdirene
Published: June 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar como a análise de custos para servir (cost-to-serve) pode contribuir para a identificação da rentabilidade de clientes de uma empresa de desenvolvimento de softwares para empresas contábeis. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, no qual as informações foram coletadas mediante acesso aos bancos de dados da organização e conversa com os colaboradores. A empresa, com cerca de 150 colaboradores nas atividades corporativas e da matriz e possui três Linhas de sistemas: Linha V, produto maduro - principal produto da empresa; Linha U - mais recente e ainda em desenvolvimento; e Linha W - complementar às demais. Constatou-se que aproximadamente 80% dos clientes da Linha V, atendidos pela matriz, são considerados lucrativos, enquanto os demais 20% são clientes não lucrativos, considerando o alto nível de serviço que exigem ou preços que são praticados pela empresa para estes clientes. Identificou-se que 40% dos clientes, os mais rentáveis, geram 100% do lucro da empresa; os 40% com rentabilidade intermediária geram outros 25%, enquanto os menos rentáveis (ou não rentáveis) consomem os 25%. Assim, a partir dos resultados do estudo, foi possível verificar a contribuição da análise de custos para servir na identificação das diferenças de rentabilidade entre os clientes da organização, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de estratégias em relação as diversos perfis de clientes, definindo ações que visem a melhoria dos resultados da empresa.
Comparação entre as Métricas de Desempenho Financeiro e a Maximização do Valor nas Firmas Abertas Brasileiras
Authors: Vasconcelos Lucas Nogueira Cabral de , Callado Aldo Leonardo Cunha
Published: June 2019

Esta pesquisa busca comparar diferentes métricas de desempenho financeiro e a sua relação na criação de valor das firmas. As métricas foram divididas em dois grupos: aquelas relacionadas com a o desempenho financeiro da empresa e as relacionadas com o desempenho financeiro para os acionistas. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: Lucro líquido, Lucro operacional, Retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido (ROE) e Retorno sobre os ativos (ROE), Lucro Econômico e o Valor Econômico Adicionado (EVA). O Market Value Added (MVA) foi adotado como proxy para a criação de valor. A amostra foi composta por 145 empresas de capital aberto listadas na B3, no período de 2010 até 2017, com frequência anual. Foram elaborados testes de correlação e análises de regressão multivariada com dados em painel balanceado. Os resultados apontaram para a superioridade das medidas de lucro obtidas das informações contábeis ou baseadas nas mesmas, das quais apresentaram maior correlação e significância dos coeficientes com o valor de mercado adicionado (MVA). Em adição, quando em conjunto com outras métricas, apenas o ROA, dentre as medidas de rentabilidade, apresentou relação com a criação de valor. Porém, o principal achado desta pesquisa, foi a observação de que as métricas de lucro econômico possuem uma relação defasada com o MVA. Adotando um modelo com estas variáveis defasadas, seus resultados são superiores aos observados nas métricas contábeis e acrescentam informação value relevant quando utilizadas em conjunto.
Taxonomia de Bloom: uma análise bibliométrica e sociométrica de periódicos internacionais
Authors: Defaveri Ivan Rafael , Baldissera Juliano Francisco , Da Silva Sidnei Celerino
Published: June 2019

Esse estudo analisou a produção cientifica, em periódicos internacionais indexados na base Scopus, com a temática Taxonomia de Bloom, no âmbito das áreas da Contabilidade e de Negócios. O estudo foi descritivo, abordando o problema de forma quantitativa, valendo-se da análise documental. Foi pesquisado na base o termo bloom taxonomyÂ¸ limitado inicialmente aos artigos científicos e, posteriormente, as subáreas Bussines, Management and Acoounting e Decision Sciences, o que retornou um total de 23 artigos. Posteriormente, foi feita a tabulação em planilha de MS Excel®, identificando título, temas, ano da publicação, autores, número de citações e instituições dos autores, com a formação de redes de interação entre instituições e autores, bem como nuvem de palavras mais citadas. A análise bibliométrica contou com o suporte do MS Excel®, enquanto que a sociometria utilizou-se dos softwares UCINET 6® para a elaboração das redes e o NVIVO® para a frequência de palavras e elaboração da wordcloud. Esta pesquisa conclui que apesar de taxonomia ter sido criada em 1956, os estudos relacionados à área de negócios e contábil somente surgiram a partir de 1990, e somente na década de 2010 que houve uma evolução significativa. Os EUA e Reino Unido foram os países com maio número de publicações, sendo nove para cada um. Poucos periódicos concentraram o maior número de publicações, o Journal of Management Education conteve três publicações, e o Journal of Accounting Education duas. Não se identificou redes de cooperação entre autores e instituições estabelecidas sobre o tema. Os temas desses estudos ainda estão restritos a área de educação, não sendo aplicados em ambientes empresariais. As leis de Bradford e Lotka foram refutadas neste estudo, somente confirmando-se a lei de Zipf, mas deve-se ao fato de esse tema em pesquisas ainda estar em um momento inicial.
A Relação entre o Exame de Suficiência Contábil o Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes e o Conceito Preliminar de Curso das Instituições de Ensino Superior do Brasil
Authors: Souza Paulo Vitor Souza de , Moraes Sardeiro Luciana Da Silva
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a relação entre o Exame de Suficiência Contábil com o índice de desempenho do discente no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes e o índice de qualidade dos cursos superiores através de variáveis que compõem o Conceito Preliminar de Curso. Foram coletados os dados referentes aos aprovados no Exame de Suficiência na primeira edição de 2017, juntamente com os dados sobre o ENADE e CPC publicados em 2017. O modelo usado para obtenção dos resultados foi de regressão múltipla linear. A amostra foi composta por um total de 774 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que oferecem o curso de Ciências Contábeis no Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam relação positiva e significativa do exame de suficiência com: desempenho discente no ENADE; quantidade de docentes mestres e doutores; infraestrutura e instalações físicas; e instituição pública de ensino superior. Os resultados denotam relação negativa para o regime de trabalho parcial ou integral e organização didático-pedagógica. Os resultados deste trabalho contribuem para um maior entendimento dos fatores que influenciam o grau de aprovação dos concluintes no exame de suficiência contábil. Estudos anteriores não evidenciaram com detalhe influências no exame de suficiência do conselho de contabilidade, por conta da ausência de dados.
Ciclo Político no Índice de Gasto com Pessoal: Uma Análise no Contexto Brasileiro
Authors: Morais Lívia Maria Freire de , Queiroz Dimas Barrêto de , Sousa Rossana Guerra de
Published: June 2019

A literatura sobre ciclos políticos demonstra que o contexto institucional e a presença de regras fiscais são fatores condicionantes à presença e magnitude de tais ciclos. Entende-se que limitações impostas aos gestores públicos podem reduzir a margem para manipulações oportunistas. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em analisar a influência de fatores políticos sobre o Índice de Gastos com Pessoal (IGP) definido pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, considerando o IGP uma variável fiscal com limitações legais. Utilizou-se, como fatores políticos, três variáveis, descritas pela literatura, capazes de influenciar variáveis fiscais: o ano eleitoral, a mudança de prefeitos e o mandato eleitoral. A amostra foi composta por 1016 municípios brasileiros no período de 2009 a 2016, compreendendo dois ciclos eleitorais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na técnica de regressão com dados em painel. As evidências revelaram que a variável que indica o ano eleitoral e a variável que indica o primeiro mandato eleitoral exercem influência positiva sobre o índice de gasto com pessoal ao nível de 1% de significância estatística Já a variável que indica a mudança de prefeito apresentou significância estatística ao nível de 1% com sinal negativo. Neste sentido, a pesquisa concluiu que a presença de limitações legais não é suficiente para amenizar os ciclos político-orçamentários na despesa com pessoal de municípios brasileiros. Além disso, ressalta-se que a presença de regras fiscais, especificamente a Lei Eleitoral e a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, não impede efetivamente a ocorrência de alterações de natureza política na despesa com pessoal e encargos sociais.
A Influência dos Gastos Públicos sobre a Eficiência na Utilização das Receitas nas Unidades da Federação Brasileira
Authors: Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da , Farias Ivaneide Ferreira , Marques Davi Sampaio , Freire Maria Maciléya Azevedo , Guimarães Daniel Barboza
Published: June 2019

Este estudo objetivou analisar a influência dos gastos públicos sobre a eficiência na utilização das receitas nas Unidades da Federação (UFs) Brasileira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o método de Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis -- DEA), com retornos variáveis à escala e orientação de output, para o cálculo dos escores de eficiência; teste Mann-Whitney para calcular a diferença entre médias; e, para as estimações estatísticas, utilizou-se modelo de regressão Tobit. No modelo DEA, utilizou-se as variáveis Receitas de Capital, Receitas Correntes e População como inputs; e PIB e IDH como outputs. Para o modelo Tobit, utilizou-se a varável obtida pelo DEA como variável dependente e as variáveis Gasto Mínimo, Gasto Social e Gasto Econômico como independentes, além de duas variáveis de controle: Capital Humano e Endividamento. A amostra reúne as 27 UFs brasileiras e foram analisados os anos de 2003 e 2013. Os resultados evidenciam que há redução do número de UFs eficientes entre os anos de 2003 e 2013, uma vez que o número mudou de 11 UFs eficientes (2003) para 8 UFs eficientes (2013). O teste Mann-Whitney revelou que os estados maiores tendem a apresentar maior eficiência, e estados menores tendem a apresentar maiores gastos. A regressão Tobit aponta que os gastos mínimo e econômico influenciam negativamente a eficiência, enquanto o capital humano influencia positivamente. Conclui-se que os gastos voltados para bens públicos puros (Legislativa, Judiciária, Segurança Pública, entre outros) e bens privados (Agricultura, Comunicações, Energia, Ciência e Tecnologia, entre outros) tem efeito negativo na eficiência no uso das receitas, por outro lado, o efeito positivo do capital humano na eficiência conduz à ideia de que governos que priorizam essa variável têm obtido melhores resultados.
A Experiência de Consumidores com Baixo Letramento em Redes Sociais e Comunicadores Instantâneos: um Estudo Exploratório
Authors: Conceição Lorenna Silva Eunapio da , Pessôa Luís Alexandre Grubits de Paula
Published: June 2019

Dados do Ibope e do Indicador de Analfabetismo Funcional (Inaf) de 2012 revelam que, no Brasil, existem aproximadamente 14 milhões de analfabetos absolutos e um pouco mais de 35 milhões de analfabetos funcionais. Segundo estatísticas, o Brasil é o terceiro país do mundo em tempo gasto na internet, sendo mais da metade em mídias sociais. Nesse contexto, as atividades diárias se direcionam a comunicações baseadas em texto, e a falta de capacidade de leitura e escrita torna-se obstáculo ainda mais significativo para os adultos que apresentam nenhum ou baixos níveis de letramento. Grande parte da literatura de marketing está focada em consumidores alfabetizados, deixando lacunas acerca de como analfabetos absolutos ou funcionais se comunicam nesse contexto mercadológico. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa procurou responder à seguinte indagação: como se configura a experiência de uso e consumo das redes sociais e comunicadores instantâneos por indivíduos com baixo letramento? Para tal, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo exploratório, baseado em entrevistas com 22 adultos com Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foi possível perceber a estigmatização sofrida por esses indivíduos devido às suas limitações, assim como as estratégias de combate adotadas por eles, como a preferência por postagem de fotos e mensagens de voz. Pode-se sugerir que as novas formas de comunicação instantânea promovem certa liberdade para se cometer erros de gramática ou de pontuação que, muitas vezes, são atribuídos ao corretor automático dos dispositivos móveis. Outra evidência do baixo letramento é a preguiça de ler e escrever nas redes e nos comunicadores; o que os usuários chamam de “textos grandes” são, na verdade, considerados curtos segundo estudiosos de analfabetismo funcional no Brasil.
Possibilidades de Utilização dos Relatórios Gerenciais de um Jogo de Empresas Como Apoio a Aprendizagem de Análise das Demonstrações Contábeis
Authors: Oliveira Lana , Pacheco Érica , Oliveira Murilo Alvarenga
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de “identificar as potencialidades e limitações de utilização dos relatórios gerenciais de um jogo de empresas aplicados em uma disciplina -- Laboratório de Gestão -- como apoio ao processo de aprendizagem em outra disciplina -- Análise das Demonstrações Contábeis”.  Para tanto, foram utilizados os relatórios de quatro trimestres de uma empresa simulada para aplicação de parte do conteúdo da ementa da disciplina Análise das Demonstrações Contábeis.  Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa.  Quanto ao procedimento técnico utilizado, esta é uma pesquisa documental.  Os resultados mostram que os relatórios gerenciais do jogo de empresas são adequados para aplicação do conteúdo de análise das demonstrações contábeis, possibilitando a realização de interdisciplinaridade, necessitando, no entanto, de atualizações de acordo com as normas contábeis.
Análise da Percepção dos Gestores e Empreendedores de um Parque Tecnológico e de uma Incubadora Empresarial
Authors: Feil Alexandre André , De Conto Samuel Martim
Published: June 2019

Historicamente, os micros empreendimentos criados no país necessitam de auxílio e apoio nos anos iniciais de existência, afim de aumentarem a possibilidade de sobrevivência e de crescimento. A maximização das potencialidades produtivas de uma região, por meio de parcerias público-privadas podem alçá-la num novo patamar produtivo. Iniciativas de apoio aos micros empreendimentos e às empresas já constituídas tornaram-se também um dos objetivos das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetiva realizar uma análise crítica sobre o alinhamento entre os ideais dos gestores e dos empreendedores de um parque tecnológico e de uma incubadora de empresas criados e mantidos por uma IES brasileira. Para isso, metodologicamente o estudo foi de caráter quali-quanti, realizado em duas etapas: a primeira, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com os dois gestores das estruturas de apoio às empresas; a segunda, por meio de levantamento da opinião dos empreendedores que estão atuando nessas estruturas da IES. Os principais resultados do estudo apontam para as dificuldades de entendimento dos interessados dos objetivos destas estruturas de apoio às empresas, bem como, na opinião das empresas incubadas, a busca de apoio e suporte qualificados necessários à existência e longevidade dos negócios criados.
A Disciplina Contabilidade Gerencial sob a Perspectiva dos Egressos do Curso de Ciências Contábeis: Importância Atribuída e Conexão com a Prática Contábil
Authors: Viegas Roberta Orru , Paes Áurea Lopes , Gouveia Tânia Almeida , Tractenberg Leonel Estevão , Kurtz Renata Motta
Published: June 2019

Contexto: A Contabilidade Gerencial é disciplina presente na maioria dos cursos de graduação em Contabilidade e, na prática do mercado, assunto de grande relevância na gestão das empresas, considerando-se que a coordenação das informações contábeis auxilia os gestores na tomada de decisão. Objetivo: Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a disciplina Contabilidade Gerencial de cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis a partir da visão de jovens profissionais de Contabilidade, egressos desses cursos, investigando a importância atribuída a seus conteúdos e a conexão percebida entre o que é abordado em sala de aula e a realidade do mercado. Método: Este é um trabalho teórico-empírico, cuja pesquisa de campo teve abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, conduzida por meio de entrevistas em profundidade. Foram pesquisados egressos do curso de Ciências Contábeis de instituições de ensino superior (IES) públicas e privadas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com no máximo 3 anos de formados, hoje atuantes no mercado de trabalho como contadores, em áreas diversas. As informações coletadas nas entrevistas foram analisadas a partir do método de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2009), com o apoio do software NVIVO. Resultados: Na visão dos pesquisados, embora as universidades procurem contemplar conteúdos importantes para a rotina profissional, há uma lacuna entre teoria e prática que pode ser atenuada, por exemplo, caso as IES invistam na criação de laboratórios ou escritórios modelos, priorizem as discussões sobre casos reais e realizem projetos fora da sala de aula, tornando transversais e abrangentes as abordagens apresentadas no ambiente acadêmico.