bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nationwide Follow-up Survey on the Effectiveness of an Implemented Neuromuscular Training Program to Reduce Acute Knee Injuries in Soccer Players
Authors: Åman Malin , Larsén Karin , Forssblad Magnus , Näsmark Annica , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin
Published: December 2018

Background:

A cruciate ligament (CL) injury is a severe injury in soccer. Neuromuscular training programs have a well-documented preventive effect, but there are few studies on the effectiveness of such a program at a national level. The Swedish Knee Control Program (KCP) was found to be effective in preventing CL injuries in youth female soccer players. The KCP was implemented nationwide in Sweden in 2010.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Swedish KCP in reducing acute knee injuries in soccer players at a nationwide level.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

All licensed soccer players in Sweden are covered by the same insurance company. Using this insurance database, around 17,500 acute knee injuries that were reported to the insurance company between 2006 and 2015 were included in the study. By matching the number of licensed soccer players with the number of reported injuries each year, the annual incidence of knee and CL injuries was able to be calculated. To evaluate the spread of the KCP nationally, a questionnaire was sent to all 24 Swedish district football associations (FAs) with questions regarding KCP education. The number of downloads of the KCP mobile application (app) was obtained.

Results:

The incidence of CL injuries decreased during the study period for both male (from 2.9 to 2.4 per 1000 player-years) and female players (from 4.9 to 3.9 per 1000 player-years). The overall incidence of knee injuries decreased in both male (from 5.6 to 4.6 per 1000 player-years) and female players (from 8.7 to 6.4 per 1000 player-years). Comparing before and after the nationwide implementation of the KCP, there was a decrease in the incidence of CL injuries by 6% (rate ratio [RR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.98]) in male players and 13% (RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81-0.92]) in female players and a decrease in the incidence of knee injuries by 8% (RR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.96]) and 21% (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.75-0.83]), respectively ( P < .01 for all). This trend corresponded to a reduction of approximately 100 CL injuries each year in Sweden. A total of 21 of 24 district FAs held organized KCP educational courses during the study period. The percentage of district FAs holding KCP courses was between 46% and 79% each year. There were 101,236 downloads of the KCP app.

Conclusion:

The KCP can be considered partially implemented nationwide, and the incidence of knee and CL injuries has decreased in both sexes at a nationwide level.
Differences in Choroidal Structures Between Idiopathic and Steroid-Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Izumi Takahiko , Koizumi Hideki , Takahashi Yohei , Maruko Ichiro , Sonoda Shozo , Sakamoto Taiji , Iida Tomohiro
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to investigate the differences in intrachoroidal structures between eyes with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and those with steroid-induced CSC.

Methods:

Thirty eyes of 30 patients with idiopathic CSC and 17 eyes of 15 patients with steroid-induced CSC were studied. Cross-sectional swept-source optical coherence tomography images of eyes with idiopathic and steroid-induced CSC were retrospectively analyzed by the manual layer delineation technique and by the binarization technique.

Results:

The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was not significantly different between the eyes with idiopathic CSC (408.0 ± 106.6 µm) and those with steroid-induced (389.9 ± 105.4 µm; P = .67) CSC. Manual layer delineation showed that the mean ratio of the large choroidal vessel layer thickness to the SCT was significantly higher in eyes with idiopathic CSC (0.874 ± 0.070) than in eyes with steroid-induced CSC (0.828 ± 0.083; P = .02). The binarization method showed that the mean ratio of the luminal areas to the choroidal areas centered at the fovea was significantly higher in eyes with idiopathic CSC (0.747 ± 0.064) than in eyes with steroid-induced CSC (0.701 ± 0.046; P = .01).

Conclusion:

The intrachoroidal structures in steroid-induced CSC were different from those in idiopathic CSC. These findings suggest different pathophysiologic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of these 2 entities.
Pharmacological management of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: a review of the current evidence
Authors: Richeldi Luca , Varone Francesco , Bergna Miguel , de Andrade Joao , Falk Jeremy , Hallowell Robert , Jouneau Stéphane , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Morrow Lee , Randerath Winfried , Strek Mary , Tabaj Gabriela
Published: December 2018

A proportion of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are at risk of developing a progressive-fibrosing phenotype, which is associated with a deterioration in lung function and early mortality. In addition to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibrosing ILDs that may present a progressive phenotype include idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease-associated ILDs, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, ILDs related to other occupational exposures and sarcoidosis. Corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive therapies are sometimes prescribed to patients with these diseases. However, this treatment regimen may not be effective, adequate on its own or well tolerated, suggesting that there is a pressing need for efficacious and better tolerated therapies. Currently, the only approved treatments to slow disease progression in patients with IPF are nintedanib and pirfenidone. Similarities in pathobiological mechanisms leading to fibrosis between IPF and other ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype provide a rationale to suggest that nintedanib and pirfenidone may be therapeutic options for patients with the latter diseases.

This review provides an overview of the therapeutic options currently available for patients with fibrosing ILDs, including fibrosing ILDs that may present a progressive phenotype, and explores the status of the randomised controlled trials that are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of nintedanib and pirfenidone.
Rezension:Demetrios K. AGORITSAS, Κωνσταντινούπολη. Η πόλη και η κοινωνία της στα χρόνια των πρώτων Παλαιολόγων (1261-1328) (Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται 62). Κέντρον Βυζαντινών Ερευνών, Thessalonike 2016
Authors: SCHREINER Peter
Published: December 2018

Rezension:Demetrios K. AGORITSAS, Κωνσταντινούπολη. Η πόλη και η κοινωνία της στα χρόνια των πρώτων Παλαιολόγων (1261-1328)  (Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται 62). Κέντρον Βυζαντινών Ερευνών, Thessalonike 2016
Βιβλιοκρισία:Charles BARBER / Stratis PAPAIOANNOU, εκδ., Michael Psellos on Literature and Art: A Byzantine Perspective on Aesthetics, [Michael Psellos in Translation], University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame/Indiana 2017
Authors: LOUKAKI Marina
Published: December 2018

Bιβλιοκρισία: Charles BARBER / Stratis PAPAIOANNOU, εκδ., Michael Psellos on Literature and Art: A Byzantine Perspective on Aesthetics, [Michael Psellos in Translation], University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame/Indiana 2017
Book Review:Leonora NEVILLE, Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016
Authors: SiMPSON Alicia Josephine
Published: December 2018

Book Review:Leonora Neville, Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016
The education effect on income across two generations in EU welfare states
Authors: Papanastasiou Stefanos
Published: December 2018

By utilizing EU-SILC 2011 microdata and employing regression techniques in four EU welfare states (i.e., Greece, France, Ireland and Sweden), this paper demonstrates the diminishing education effect on income attainments between two generations. This finding puts into doubt the main argument of the mainstream academic and political discourse over the prominent role of education for income acquisition. Instead, this paper stresses the importance of other factors explainingincome attainments, such as social interconnectivity. The latter can produce or reproduce inequality as long as people gain accessto powerful positions through the usage of social connections. Thus, the upper social classes with extended social networking preserve their social privileges across generations despite the argument that the contemporary society boasts high social mobility attained through formal education.
The transformation of solidarity in times of austerity: The case of Greece
Authors: Feronas Andreas
Published: December 2018

The severe economic crisis that has surfaced in Greece over the last eight years, not only has resulted to an unprecedented social crisisbut has also challenged long established domestic patterns of solidarity. By defining social solidarity very generally as “the willingnessto share social risks” this paper aims at highlighting two parallel processes of transformation of solidarity in Greece in the contextof the ongoing crisis. First, a process of retrenchment of an already problematic formal welfare state solidarity, largely imposedby the successive bail out agreements with the Troika. Secondly, the emergence of various forms of informal solidarity, aimed at supportingthe social groups most affected by the crisis. The paper concludes that although the latter has played an important role in offeringimmediate relief to those “in need”, is far from being considered, neither as a panacea for solving social problems nor as a substituteto welfare state solidarity, at a time when the demand for social protection has increased dramatically.
Iordanis Psimmenos (ed.), Unveiling domestic work in times of crisis, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Special Section, vol. 35, no 1, Johns Hopkins University Press 2017
Authors: Galata Paraskevi-Viviane , Poulou Eleni
Published: December 2018

no abstract
Out of sight, out of mind? Germ cells and the potential impacts of epigenomic drugs
Authors: Jarred Ellen G. , Bildsoe Heidi , Western Patrick S.
Published: December 2018

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, determine the way DNA is packaged within the nucleus and regulate cell-specific gene expression. The heritability of these modifications provides a memory of cell identity and function. Common dysregulation of epigenetic modifications in cancer has driven substantial interest in the development of epigenetic modifying drugs. Although these drugs have the potential to be highly beneficial for patients, they act systemically and may have “off-target” effects in other cells such as the patients’ sperm or eggs. This review discusses the potential for epigenomic drugs to impact on the germline epigenome and subsequent offspring and aims to foster further examination into the possible effects of these drugs on gametes. Ultimately, the information gained by further research may improve the clinical guidelines for the use of such drugs in patients of reproductive age.
Character of National University- A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Mittal L N
Published: December 2018

The paper situates India’s global position with respect to its R&D and patent development and then highlights the current status of university system in India as a causative factor since majority of universities are busy in teaching merely how to qualify a paper-pencil test without much impetus on Research and Development. The paper also presents the perceived scenario of a national university and its characteristics. It also suggests ways in which universities can prioritize to produce researchers and innovators.
National University as a Developer of Social Capital for the Nation
Authors: Dixit G N Madhuranatha
Published: December 2018

There is a long history to the debate of nationalism. The Indian nationalism has emerged after a long people’s movement the truth to which is often denied by a range of forces who have ideological leanings towards the ideology of Hindutwa. This paper is an attempt to revisit the historical context in which Indian nationalism has emerged and evaluate it in reference to the contemporary time. It emphasizes on the relation between the nation and the state with special reference to its impact on the universities. Further, the paper suggests that in order to uphold the idea of university and nation, an inclusive and secular idea of nation has to be espoused. Lastly, it suggests that a university needs to foster a non sectarian approach and broaden its vision for an internationalist outlook.
Immunomodulating effects of Phlebotomine saliva in Leishmania infection: Review
Authors: Feitosa Ivan Brito , Aguida Wesley Roberto de , Teles Carolina Bioni Garcia
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The recognized action of some proteins present in the saliva of the phlebotomine dipteran vectors of Leishmaniasis, as modulators of the hemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses during the colonization of the protozoan in the host organism, created the expectation of formulating a vaccine against this disease. The present study aimed to provide an overview about researchs that deals with the role of phlebotomine saliva in Leishmania infections. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. The articles listed address the following aspects of the vector’s saliva: intensification of infection; suppression and modulation of the host immune system; chemotaxis on phagocytic cells; induction of innate and adaptive immunity; isolation and characterization of immunoactive molecules and their possible protective function against Leishmaniasis.Efeitos imunomoduladores da saliva de flebotomínio na infecção por Leishmania: RevisãoResumo. A reconhecida ação de algumas proteínas presentes na saliva dos vetores flebotomíneos da Leishmaniose, como moduladores das respostas hemostáticas, inflamatórias e imunes durante a colonização do protozoário no organismo hospedeiro, criou a expectativa de formular uma vacina contra essa doença. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer uma visão geral sobre pesquisas que abordam o papel da saliva de flebotomíneos em infecções por Leishmania. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Os artigos listados abordam os seguintes aspectos da saliva do vetor: intensificação da infecção; supressão e modulação do sistema imune do hospedeiro; quimiotaxia em células fagociticas; indução da imunidade inata e adaptativa; isolamento e caracterização de moléculas imunoativas e sua possível função protetora contra a leishmaniose.
Paisagem e Monumentos de Portugal: Images do Ressurgimento Nacional
Authors: Correia Luís Miguel
Published: December 2018

Será o Portugal contemporâneo corolário das conquistas da Revolução dos Cravos? Restringindo-nos ao caso da arquitectura, podemos indagar se esta readquiriu a sua autonomia disciplinar, lavrando na terra a desejada democratização do espaço e, ainda, averiguar se foi responsável pela memorização de muitos dos projectos elaborados no pós-25 de Abril. Conquanto julguemos pertinente a indagação, não nos propomos proceder a uma análise exaustiva da conjuntura actual, embora admitamos que esta evidencia a influência de mais de quarenta anos de salazarismo. Entre o fim da década de trinta e o início da de quarenta assistiu-se a um período de afirmação e consolidação das ideias desenhadas por Oliveira Salazar para o Império Português, durante o qual a imagem, tangível ou intangível, do território desempenhou um papel preponderante na pressagiada restauração material, moral e nacional. Com base sobretudo em publicações editadas pelo SPN, como Images Portugaises [1939], Paisagem e Monumentos de Portugal (1940), Obras Públicas: Caderno do Ressurgimento Nacional [1943] e outras com estas correlacionadas, comprovaremos como pouco antes do advento da 2.ª Guerra Mundial já se desvendava na paisagem portuguesa um vasto conjunto de traços distintivos do projecto salazarista, cuja memória ainda hoje remanesce em diferentes lugares.
Espanha, Agosto de 1936 – Henrique Galvão enviado de Salazar à Guerra Civil
Authors: Lemos Mário Matos e
Published: December 2018

No fim de Julho de 1936, logo no início da Guerra Civil de Espanha, Salazar quis saber, não apenas pelosjornais, mas por um seu homem de confiança, o então Capitão Henrique Galvão, o que se estava realmente a passar. Galvão está durante duas semanas no sul de Espanha, sob a capa de enviado do Diário da Manhã, a acompanhar uma das colunas dos sublevados, a do Comandante Castejón, e escreve sete cartas ou relatórios ao então chefe de gabinete do Presidente do Conselho, Antero Leal Marques dando conta do que ia vendo eemitindo algumas opiniões.
Germanofilia em Portugal durante a Grande Guerra: O caso do jornal ABC, de Madrid
Authors: Santos Miguel Dias
Published: December 2018

No conflito entre aliadófilos e germanófilos, que ocorreu na Europa durante a Grande Guerra, a imprensa teve um papel central nos debates culturais e ideológicos. O ABC de Madrid integrava o grupo da imprensa germanófila acusada de estar ao serviço da Alemanha para evitar a beligerância de Madrid. Em Portugal, o ABC era o jornal estrangeiro mais lido, penetrando sobretudo no campo monárquico e católico acusado degermanofilia. Era também lido nos meios militares hostis a uma participação na guerra e acabou por isso proibido em Portugal. A sua atitude perante a política interna e externa revelava um propósito claro: impedir a beligerância de Portugal. O seu discurso, através dos seus correspondentes, analisava criticamente os objectivos, a estratégia e a capacidade financeira e militar de Portugal para participar na contenda mundial ao lado dos aliados.
O intelectual, o artista e as massas na cultura portuguesa finissecular
Authors: Peixinho Ana Teresa , Dias Luís Augusto Costa
Published: December 2018

Durante o século XIX, as elites cultas europeias participaram amplamente das querelas e debates fomentados na e pela imprensa, não sendo possível fazer uma história da cultura contemporânea sem a pensar à luz da evolução do espaço público ao longo desse século e na sua transição para o século xx. Contudo, esta aliança entre o homem de letras e a imprensa – expediente característico da esfera pública oitocentista que, aliás, deu origem à designação de «publicista» na segunda metade do século, correspondendo a uma metamorfose do estatuto do «escritor público» do romantismo clássico – rapidamente começou a dar sintomas de rutura, à medida que aquela esfera sofria a influência da industrialização e massificação dos objetos culturais, processo iniciado nos Estados Unidos na segunda metade do século e cujo eco em França foi acompanhado de perto pela evolução histórica em Portugal.Foi neste contexto conjugado, a partir do último quartel do século xix português, de alteração do mercado dos bens culturais, de emergência de uma cultura urbana de massas e de crise das elites cultas, em especial no campo literário, que lentamente surgiu a figura do «artista» como alternativa à figura difusa do «homem de letras», espoletada na última década de oitocentos. Numa leitura de Fradique Mendes − meio personagem, meio autor, proto-heterónimo na ficção queirosiana − e sobre o fradiquismo como ideologia, destaca-se o seu valor simbólico, como derradeira tentativa de superação da morte do intelectual oitocentista através da afirmação do papel do artista. Dito de outro modo, Fradique Mendes constitui-se, num contexto de massificação emergente, como metáfora da crise do velho paradigma de intelectual do século xix que, perseguindo uma «aura perdida da cultura», oscila entre o silêncio de uma desistência, afinal pugnada pelo próprio Eça de Queirós que assim se revia como uma espécie de «cenobita», e a hipótese da figura do artista construir uma nova expressão da elite culta.
ALCUNE RIFLESSIONI SULLO STATO POST-MODERNO TRA “PSICOPOLITICA” E NUOVA DIMENSIONE INTERNAZIONALE DEL DIRITTO PUBBLICO NELLA CORNICE DEL “CONCETTO DI POLITICO” DI C. SCHMITT
Authors: Calvieri Carlo
Published: December 2018

Il presente articolo illustra come, nello scenario internazionale e nazionale italiano, la sovranitá sia rimessa sempre con piú frequenza nelle mani del potere economico ed I diritti e le libertá individuali siano rimesse all´autonomia privata a fronte di un potere statuale sempre piú esautorato.
SUSTENTABILIDADE: NOVO PRISMA HERMENÊUTICO
Authors: Freitas Juarez
Published: December 2018

Os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Agenda 2030, da ONU, encontram-se, sem exceção, incorporados em nossa Constituição. O reconhecimento do fenômeno deriva da eleição da premissa maior de que a sustentabilidade multidimensional (social, econômica, ambiental, ética e jurídico-política) é cogente. Com base nessa compreensão subjacente, impõe-se a releitura da Constituição, de modo que as escolhas públicas e privadas que se mostrarem rejeitáveis sob o escrutínio da sustentabilidade dos impactos, atentam contra princípios e regras da Carta, além de vulnerarem tratados internacionais. Em contrapartida, as escolhas compatíveis com o desenvolvimento sustentável, mais do que desejáveis, são constitucionalmente mandatórias. Eis o cerne do novo prisma hermenêutico.
Should All Living Kidney Donors Receive Donor Health Insurance? - Ethical Guidance for Evaluating Policies and Actions that Provide Financial Benefits to Living Organ Donors
Authors: Bester Johan C , Stuart M. Flechner , Ronin Matt , Hil Garet
Published: December 2018

This review article provides ethical guidance for determining which kinds of financial benefits provided to living organ donors are ethically appropriate. It does so by way of ethical analysis of a policy case study: the National Kidney Registry (NKR) has implemented a donor insurance program to all its living donors. Is such a policy ethically supportable, or is it an unethical practice? The article proceeds as follows. First, a framework for grounding the ethical commitments of transplant programs is defended. It is argued that this framework can be accepted by all who work in transplant medicine, regardless of differences in ethical theory preference or background. Second, from this framework two ethical principles are formulated. (1) Living donors should, as far as possible, not be worse off for donating. (2) Disincentives towards donation should be removed as much as possible. Third, issues with unethical incentives are explored: undue inducement, commodification of the body, potential decreased organ donation rates, and potential exploitation of vulnerable populations. Lastly, these ethical considerations are applied to the policy change at the NKR, showing that the NKR policy change appears to be ethically supportable. Financial benefits provided to donors are ethically sound if they are in keeping with principles (1) and (2), and do not cause undue inducement, commodification, decreased organ donation, or exploitation. It is ethically appropriate for transplant programs to institute as well as study such programs with the goal of serving the welfare and interests of patients, donors, and the general public.
Spíše Wikipedie než učebnice: Vzorce využívání otevřených vzdělávacích zdrojů studenty environmentálních oborů
Authors: Petiška Eduard
Published: December 2018

Cílem našeho výzkumu bylo analyzovat současné diskuze zabývající se vzorci využívání otevřených vzdělávacích zdrojů (OER) na úrovni vysokoškolského vzdělávání a odpovědět na výzkumnou otázku: "Jaké jsou vzorce využívání OER studentů environmentálních oborů v České republice?". Výzkum byl realizován v rámci environmentálních kurzů na českých vysokých školách, celkem bylo vyhodnoceno 233 dotazníků pomocí metody t-testu a Chi-square testu. Většina studentů používá OER často nebo častěji než klasické studijní materiály. Dostupnost, množství informací a snadná orientace patří mezi nejoceňovanější výhody při využívání OER. Můžeme proto konstatovat, že vzhledem k popularitě OER by měly také vzdělávací instituce zaměřit svoji pozornost na tento fenomén.
Konativní dimenze environmentální gramotnosti českých a slovenských žáků 2. stupně ZŠ
Authors: Svobodová Silvie
Published: December 2018

Článek představuje výsledky komparativní analýzy zaměřené na environmentálně odpovědné jednání, tj. konativní dimenzi environmentální gramotnosti, českých a slovenských žáků 2. stupně ZŠ. V rámci studie byla použita dílčí škála komplexního výzkumného nástroje Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS) (McBeth et al., 2008) zjišťující environmentálně odpovědné jednání. Uvedený nástroj nebyl v obou zemích dosud aplikován. Na základě analýzy výsledků byl identifikován signifikantní vliv pohlaví, věku, ročníku a volnočasových aktivit na environmentálně odpovědné jednání žáků, přičemž se mezi českými a slovenskými žáky neprojevil statisticky významný rozdíl.
Armutsgefährdung regional: neue Perspektiven durch Preisbereinigung
Authors: Schröder Christoph
Published: December 2018

Die Betroffenheit von relativer Einkommensarmut weist große regionale Unterschiede auf. In der herkömmlichen Betrachtung mit (nominal) bundeseinheitlichem Schwellenwert zeigt sich ein deutliches Ost-West-Gefälle (5 Prozentpunkte Differenz) und ein fast ebenso großer Stadt-Land-Unterschied. Ein nominal gleich hoher Einkommensschwellenwert hat in den verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands jedoch eine unterschiedlich hohe Kaufkraft. Daher werden hier die Individualeinkommen um die regionalen Preisunterschiede bereinigt, und es wird analog zur Einkommensarmut die relative Kaufkraftarmut berechnet. Diese weist differenziertere regionale Muster mit einem stark ausgeprägten Stadt-Land-Gefälle aus: Die Unterschiede zwischen ostdeutschen und westdeutschen Bundesländern betragen bei der relativen Kaufkraftarmut 2 Prozentpunkte, die Differenz zwischen Stadt und Land dagegen fast 8 Prozentpunkte. Die hohe Betroffenheit der Städte ergibt sich zum einen aus dem dort hohen Preisniveau. Zum anderen ist der Bevölkerungsanteil von Gruppen mit deutschlandweit erhöhter Armutsgefährdung (beispielsweise Arbeitslose, Alleinerziehende, Personen mit Migrationshintergrund) in Städten überdurchschnittlich hoch. Zudem sind diese Gruppen in Großstädten besonders stark armutsgefährdet.
Die AfD-Wahl als Antwort auf Statusängste?
Authors: Sthamer Evelyn
Published: December 2018

In der folgenden Studie wird der Erklärungsbeitrag von Ungerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen und negativen intra- und intergenerationalen Zukunftserwartungen für den Erfolg der AfD in Deutschland betrachtet. Dabei erweisen sich sogenannte „Abstiegsängste der Mitte“ sowie intergenerationale Verfestigungserwartungen im unteren Einkommensbereich als relevant. Das Ungerechtigkeitsempfinden wirkt sich indirekt über die Wahrnehmung, dass der Staat zu wenig Geld für die eigene Bevölkerung ausgibt, statt auf andere Gruppen zu achten, auf die AfD-Wahlabsicht aus. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass ein stärkerer sozialpolitischer Fokus auf das Thema soziale Sicherheit fruchtbar sein könnte, um dem Rechtspopulismus zu begegnen.
Entre a História, a Literatura e a Bibliografia: a Interdisciplinaridade da História do Livro
Authors: Fontes Bruna Braga , Lima Verônica Calsoni
Published: December 2018

Eminentemente interdisciplinar, a História do Livro se constituiu a partir de reflexões provenientes da História, da Bibliografia, da Literatura e de áreas afins. No presente artigo, visamos apresentar um breve panorama das perspectivas e métodos de trabalho com o livro enquanto objeto, focando-nos particularmente nas correntes Anglo-Saxãs e Francesas. Paralelamente, buscamos destacar algumas das diferentes abordagens operadas desde meados do século XX e as contribuições de outras disciplinas para a configuração desse campo de estudo.Palavras-chave: História do Livro, Historiografia, Metodologia, Interdisciplinaridade. AbstractEspecially interdisciplinary, Book History was conceived based on perspectives from History, Bibliography, Literature and areas akin. The present article aims to present a short panorama of which approaches and methods are used when working with books as objects, mainly focusing on Anglo-Saxon and French theories. Also, this article proposes to highlight some analysis made since mid-20th century and the contribution from other disciplines in the making of this research field.Keywords: Book History, Historiography, Methodology, Interdisciplinarity.
Dossiê "Diálogos: Interdisciplinaridade e Transdisciplinaridade no Campo Historiográfico"
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Destro Rosa
Published: December 2018

Apresentação do Dossiê "Diálogos: Interdisciplinaridade e Transdisciplinaridade no Campo Historiográfico"
The Misuse of Genetics: The Dihybrid Cross & the Threat of “Race Crossing”
Authors: Shotwell Mark
Published: December 2018

Biology teachers consider basic Mendelian genetics to be value-free, objective science, immune to misinterpretation and misuse. It may thus come as a surprise to learn that in the early days of genetics a cornerstone of genetics education, the dihybrid cross, was employed to support claims of the racial superiority of whites over blacks and to provide a “scientific” rationale for laws prohibiting interracial marriages. In 1917 the prominent eugenicist Charles B. Davenport warned of the danger of “disharmonious combinations” of physical and behavioral traits in the second generation of “wide race crosses,” equivalent to the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross. He tried and failed to find data to support his arguments in a study of the mixed-race inhabitants of Jamaica. Davenport's analysis was deeply flawed, especially by the racist assumptions underlying this work. Although these events occurred a century ago, biology teachers may still be able to use this regrettable episode as an example of how even the most basic science may be misapplied by those with a social or political agenda.
Transformation of Escherichia coli with the pGLO Plasmid: Going beyond the Kit
Authors: Deutch Charles E.
Published: December 2018

The Bio-Rad pGLO bacterial transformation kit is commonly used to demonstrate this form of genetic exchange, which occurs in bacteria and eukaryotes and which differs fundamentally from transduction and conjugation. The basic experiment leads to the formation of green fluorescent colonies of Escherichia coli and can be extended to illustrate the specificity of the interaction between sugars and the AraC protein, the phenomenon of carbon catabolite repression, the substrate specificity of the β-lactamase encoded by the plasmid, and the role of host restriction/modification systems in the transformation process. pGLO DNA also can be isolated using plasmid mini-prep kits, analyzed with restriction endonucleases, and used to study the conditions for transformation in more detail.
Blastocysts depict sex-specific signalling of IFNT transcription, translation and activity
Authors: Schanzenbach Corina Isabel , Bernal-Ulloa Sandra Milena , van der Weijden Vera Anna , Pfaffl Michael W. , Büttner Mathias , Wünsch Annegret , Ulbrich Susanne E
Published: December 2018

Preimplantation bovine blastocyst supernatants exhibit sex-dependent antiviral activity, due to the ruminant pregnancy recognition signal Interferon tau (IFNT). Differing potencies of IFNT variants have been supposed as cause, although evidence remains scarce. Here, we aimed at quantifying the sex-dependent IFNT production on transcriptional, translational, and biological activity level in bovine blastocysts, to elucidate the origin of differences in antiviral activity between male and female blastocysts. Day 8 bovine blastocysts were co-cultured with endometrial stroma cells for 48 hours. The embryonic IFNT mRNA expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the IFNT protein concentration was determined using a sensitive in-house developed IFNT-specific Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The biological activity was assessed by quantifying the response of Interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression in endometrial stroma cells. While the IFNT specific ELISA displayed a limit of detection of 7.3 pg/mL, the stroma cell culture system showed to react to as little as 0.1 pg/mL IFNT in RT-qPCR analysis. The female blastocysts had a significant, 5.6-fold, 3.6-fold, and 5.2-fold higher IFNT production than male blastocysts as determined by transcript abundance, protein concentration and, protein activity, respectively. Additionally, all parameters correlated positively, and therefore, we conclude that female blastocysts most likely have an increased IFNT gene and protein expression rather than expressing more potent IFNT variants.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Mycoplasma dispar Provides Insights into Putative Virulence Factors and Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Chen Shengli , Hao Huafang , Yan Xinmin , Liu Yongsheng , Chu Yuefeng
Published: December 2018

Mycoplasma dispar is an important pathogen involved in bovine respiratory disease, which causes huge economic losses worldwide. Our knowledge regarding the genomics, pathogenic mechanisms, and genetics of M. dispar is rather limited. In this study, the complete genome of M. dispar GS01 strain was sequenced using PacBio SMRT technology and first genome-wide analyzed. M. dispar GS01 has a single circular chromosome of 1,065,810 bp encoding 825 predicted proteins. Twenty-three potential virulence genes and two pathogenicity islands were identified in M. dispar. This pathogen was cytopathogenic, could form prolific biofilms, and could produce a large amount of H2O2. Methylation analysis revealed adenine and cytosine methylation across the genome and 13 distinct nucleotide motifs. Comparative analysis showed a high collinearity relationship between M. dispar GS01 and type strain ATCC 27140. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. dispar is genetically close to M. flocculare and M. hyopneumoniae. The data presented in this study will aid further study on the pathogenic mechanisms and evolution of M. dispar.
pSBVB: A Versatile Simulation Tool To Evaluate Genomic Selection in Polyploid Species
Authors: Zingaretti María L , Monfort Amparo , Pérez-Enciso Miguel
Published: December 2018

Genomic Selection (GS) is the procedure whereby molecular information is used to predict complex phenotypes and it is standard in many animal and plant breeding schemes. However, only a small number of studies have been reported in horticultural crops, and in polyploid species in particular. In this paper, we have developed a versatile forward simulation tool, called polyploid Sequence Based Virtual Breeding (pSBVB), to evaluate GS strategies in polyploids; pSBVB is an efficient gene dropping software that can simulate any number of complex phenotypes, allowing a very flexible modeling of phenotypes suited to polyploids. As input, it takes genotype data from the founder population, which can vary from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chips up to sequence, a list of causal variants for every trait and their heritabilities, and the pedigree. Recombination rates between homeologous chromosomes can be specified, so that both allo- and autopolyploid species can be considered. The program outputs phenotype and genotype data for all individuals in the pedigree. Optionally, it can produce several genomic relationship matrices that consider exact or approximate genotype values. pSBVB can therefore be used to evaluate GS strategies in polyploid species (say varying SNP density, genetic architecture or population size, among other factors), or to optimize experimental designs for association studies. We illustrate pSBVB with SNP data from tetraploid potato and partial sequence data from octoploid strawberry, and we show that GS is a promising breeding strategy for polyploid species but that the actual advantage critically depends on the underlying genetic architecture. Source code, examples and a complete manual are freely available in GitHub https://github.com/lauzingaretti/pSBVB.
¿Por qué está la corrupción tan extendida en el carácter y la conducta de tantos peruanos?
Authors: Perales Alberto
Published: December 2018

Cuando en las décadas del 80 y 90, publiqué varios artículos que identificaban los tres problemas principales de salud mental en el Perú: 1°) la pobreza y el subdesarrollo, 2°) la corrupción generalizada y 3°) la violencia1,2,3, no imaginé la profundidad con la que la segunda de ellas, la corrupción, carcomía la estructura institucional del Estado, el sistema democrático y el tejido social de nuestro país. Al respecto, no necesito aportar evidencias porque fluyen sin freno por todos los niveles observables de nuestra sociedad, desde los más altos hasta los más humildes, como si los peruanos, por primera vez, hubiéramos logrado ponernos de acuerdo en algo, en decirle a Manuel Gonzales Prada que tenía razón: “En el Perú, donde pones el dedo salta el pus”.
El estigma frente a la tuberculosis en estudiantes de la facultad de medicina de una universidad pública, 2017
Authors: Reyes Puma Nora , Caballero Ñopo Patricia , Ticona Chávez Eduardo , Béjar Castillo Vilma Ruth , Ávila Arosemena Julia Graciela , Castillo Villacrés Celia Maribel , Morales Barrenechea Javier Alcides , Urbano Quispe Gustavo Alonso
Published: December 2018

Introducción. La tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública en nuestro país. Los pacientes afectados tardan en acceder a los servicios de salud entre otros factores por el estigma y discriminación social que se tiene de esta enfermedad en la población. Además, el estigma tiene impacto en la relación social y familiar de los pacientes afectados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar el estigma en estudiantes de la facultad de medicina de una universidad pública. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario previamente validado a estudiantes de los tres primeros años de la facultad de medicina, con la finalidad de cuantificar el estigma a la tuberculosis. Resultados. Se aplicó el cuestionario a 505 estudiantes de la facultad de medicina. El 39% de la población estudiantil mostró un moderado y gran estigma frente a las personas afectadas por tuberculosis; asimismo, el 38% mostró un leve estigma y 23% no presentó estigma frente a esta enfermedad. Conclusiones. Existe moderado y gran estigma en 39% de los estudiantes de la facultad de medicina estudiados.
Adamantinoma de tibia en estadio temprano en adulto: reporte de caso
Authors: Padilla Flores Juan Roberto , Victorio Avila Cesar Antonio , Quispe Huachaca Jhonathan Percy , Latorre Zúñiga Alan Jesús
Published: December 2018

El adamantinoma es un tumor maligno de bajo grado, bifásico, frecuentemente localizado en diáfisis tibial, y que comprende el 0,4% de todos los tumores óseos primarios. Debido a la rareza de esta entidad y a su similitud con lesiones benignas, su diagnóstico a veces se retrasa. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 38 años con tumoración dolorosa en pierna izquierda de 2 años de evolución, con estudios radiológicos e histopatológicos que confirmaron el diagnostico en estadio temprano.
Terapia hormonal para agresores sexuales con desórdenes parafílicos
Authors: Suárez Moreno Victor , Caballero Ñopo Patricia , Huamán Sánchez Karen , Reyes Puma Nora
Published: December 2018

La ocurrencia de casos de pedofilia ha motivado que se evalué la implementación de la castración química mediante la terapia hormonal. El objetivo de esta revision es evaluar los efectos de la terapia con antiandrógenos en agresores sexuales y con desordenes parafílicos. Se buscaron revisiones sistemáticas y guías de práctica clínica sobre la terapia con anti-andrógenos. Se seleccionaron dos revisiones sistemáticas y una guía de práctica clínica cuya evidencia corresponde a reportes de casos y estudios observacionales. El desenlace primario, recaídas sexuales, solo ha sido evaluado en dos estudios comparativos con medroxiprogesterona. El número pequeño de participantes y el alto porcentaje de abandonos no permiten sacar conclusiones en cuanto a la eficacia. Se reportaron efectos adversos frecuentes. La evidencia disponible es escasa y de baja calidad sobre la eficacia de la terapia hormonal con anti-andrógenos esteroideos y análogos de la GnRH en pacientes con desordenes parafílicos.
Políticas e intervenciones para reducir lesiones por accidentes de tránsito: De la evidencia a la práctica
Authors: Carmona Clavijo Gloria , Bonilla Untiveros Catherine , Caballero Ñopo Patricia , Carreño Escobedo Ricardo , Anaya Ramírez Elizabeth , Huamán Sánchez Karen , Reyes Puma Nora
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta intervenciones para prevenir la mortalidad y lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (AT), desde la evidencia científica y perspectiva de los actores involucrados. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda sistemática, se organizó un resumen de políticas con participación de actores clave para finalmente realizar un dialogo deliberativo con representantes técnicos de las diversas instituciones relacionadas con el abordaje del problema propuesto. Describe las intervenciones relacionadas a educación, infraestructura vial, asistencia pre-hospitalaria, normatividad y fiscalización que fueron insumo para la contextualización a nuestro medio local. Los representantes técnicos multisectoriales aportaron consideraciones para su implementación, los potenciales beneficios o daños, el uso de recursos, adaptaciones necesarias, posibles barreras y facilitadores para su abordaje. Presenta el rol canalizador que desarrolló el Instituto Nacional de Salud para colaborar en la transferencia de la evidencia a la práctica. Asimismo, plantea necesidades de investigación, que requieren ser abordados en las intervenciones integrales de seguridad vial.
Reparaciones: entre la derrota militar de Sendero Luminoso y la frustración democrática
Authors: Dávila Deici
Published: December 2018

El periodo de violencia política que envolvió al país entre 1980 y el 2000 dejó profundas heridas en miles de peruanos y puso al descubierto graves facturas sociales. La declaratoria de guerra por Sendero Luminoso movilizó las fuerzas del Estado, lo que provocó una violación de derechos humanos no solo entre ambos bandos, sino ante la población civil. La movilización social y la estrategia de inteligencia de la Policía puso fin a la violencia, pero solo el fujimorismo y las Fuerzas Armadas quisieron arroparse el triunfo. En el camino, cientos de miles de víctimas reclamaban justicia. Para lograr la reconciliación nacional, desde espacios como la CVR se recomendaron ante el Estado políticas de reparación a través de programas sociales. Sin embargo, una serie de factores vienen impidiendo que estas puedan ser efectivas.
Cómo desarrollar ciencia odontológica en el Perú
Authors: Ccahuana-Vasquez Renzo Alberto
Published: December 2018

La baja producción científica en salud en las universidades del Perú ha sido materia de diversas discusiones y análisis, habiéndose identificado diversos factores causantes como la indiscriminada aparición de universidades, la mínima inversión del Estado en ciencia y tecnología, la falta de recursos humanos debidamente calificados, la ausencia de laboratorios de investigación entre otros 1,2.
Influencia de la edad, sexo y dentición en índices radiomorfométricos mandibulares de una población adulta venezolana
Authors: Piña-D’ Abreu Mónica Silu , Ortega-Pertuz Ana Isabel , Espina-Fereira Ángela Irene , Fereira José Luis
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la edad, el sexo y el estado dental, sobre índices radiomorfométricos de la mandíbula, obtenidos en panorámicas de adultos venezolanos. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 156 radiografías panorámicas digitales de individuos de ambos sexos (78 hombres y 78 mujeres), con edades entre los 20 y 81 años, donde se midieron mediante el software ImageJ, los siguientes índices: EC=espesor de la cortical mandibular, ARM= altura región mentoniana, GRA= grado de reabsorción de la cresta alveolar, IPM= índice panorámico mandibular, IAG= índice antegonial, IG=índice gonial, AMR=altura máxima de la rama, AG=ángulo gonial. Se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones de Spearman y diferencias de medias mediante test de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó una tendencia a la disminución de las medias obtenidas para los índices en los grupos de mayor edad, para ambos sexos, asimismo, se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres, con excepción de EC e IAG. Al comparar los valores observados para los sexos por grupos de edad, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en los grupos de mayor edad (p<0,001). Se verificó una correlación negativa entre los índices y la edad cronológica, siendo estadísticamente significativa en ARM, GRA, IPM, IAG e IG. En ambos sexos el estado de la dentición mostró una correlación positiva y significativa con GRA. Conclusiones: Los valores de los índices disminuyeron con la edad y mostraron dimorfismo sexual, lo que fue evidente a partir de los 50 años, el estado dental se relacionó significativamente con el GRA.
Instrumentos de viento y su relación con el sistema estomatognático
Authors: De la Torre Rodríguez Elizabeth , Aguirre Espinosa Iris , Núñez Fernández Jackeline , De la Torre Morales Julio Danilo , León Ramis Camila
Published: December 2018

Por la importancia que reviste ampliar los conocimientos del odontólogo en esta área, la presente revisión bibliográfica propone como objetivo resumir las modificaciones del sistema estomatognático que se presentan en músicos que practican instrumentos de viento. Dentro de las anomalías bucales que más abundan en la literatura se encuentran distonía focal, xerostomía, faringitis, queilitis angular, herpes labial y maloclusiones de una gran prevalencia e impacto, dentro de las más frecuentes registradas en este tipo de músicos se encuentran: el resalte aumentado, el apiñamiento y la adaquia. El resalte aumentado es consecuencia de la presión que ejerce la boquilla en la cara palatina de los incisivos superiores, esto provoca que aumente la distancia entre la cara vestibular de los incisivos inferiores y la cara palatina de los incisivos superiores, en sentido anteroposterior (con las arcadas en oclusión). Se concluye que las presiones anormales que generan los instrumentos de viento sobre el aparato estomatognático, provocan una serie de alteraciones que pueden afectar la mucosa oral, los músculos implicados en la práctica instrumental y la oclusión dentaria.
Agradecimiento a los revisores del año 2018
Authors: Cuadrao Zavaleta Luis Alberto
Published: December 2018

A medida que nos acercamos al final del año 2018 y publicamos nuestro último número de Odontología Sanmarquina para el año, deseamos agradecer a todas las personas que han trabajado como revisores de los manuscritos enviados. El proceso de revisión es un componente fundamental en el proceso de publicación; la experiencia, dedicación y empeño de los árbitros han sido fundamentales para lograrlo. Ofrecemos nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a todos ellos.
Uso de líquido ruminal en agua de bebida de pollos broiler criados en condiciones de altura
Authors: Castro Bedriñana Jorge Isaac , Chirinos Peinado Doris Maritza , Sierra Rojas William Nolberto
Published: December 2018

La investigación se realizó en una granja ubicada en la sierra central del Perú, a 3270 msnm, para determinar el efecto del uso de niveles de líquido ruminal en el agua de bebida de pollos broilers. Se utilizaron 200 pollos Cobb desde el primer día de edad. Las aves fueron distribuidas en cuatro grupos de 50, en iguales proporciones de machos y hembras. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: Agua de bebida sola (control); T2: 87.5% de agua de bebida + 12.5% de líquido ruminal; T3: 75% de agua de bebida + 25% de líquido ruminal; T4: 62.5% de agua de bebida + 37.5% de líquido ruminal. Los pollos fueron alimentados con un concentrado de ‘inicio’ durante tres semanas. La inclusión de líquido ruminal en el agua de bebida mejoró la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia (p<0.01). El empleo de 37.5% de líquido ruminal en el agua de bebida permitió tener 19.4% más de ganancia de peso y 15.5% más de conversión alimenticia.