bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third-hand smoke perception and awareness among medical students: a survey study
Authors: Aras Aysun , Bayraktar Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Third-hand smoke (THS) is tobacco smoke impurities that adhere to indoor materials such as clothing, dust, and surfaces and are released into the air. It is a major public health concern that, if unaddressed, could cause future harm. The aim of this study was to assess medical students’ knowledge of THS and to increase awareness. In March and April 2023, students enrolled in the medical programs at the School of Medicine for the 2022–2023 academic year were contacted using an online Google survey method and asked to complete the survey questions. The survey included questions on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale (BATHS-T). The median age of the 351 students who voluntarily participated in the study was 20.0 (IQR = 2.0) years, 55.3% were female and 16% were smokers. The mean score of the answers given by the participants to the scale questions asking their level of knowledge about third-hand smoke was 35.3 ± 5.9. The least known question was “cigarette smoke particles can stay in a room for weeks”. The most frequently answered question was “breathing the air in a room where people smoked yesterday can damage the health of babies and children”. Scale scores were significantly higher for participants who did not have smokers living in their home, who did not allow smoking in their home, and who reported having information about passive smoking. Medical students had sufficient knowledge and awareness of third-hand smoke. Third-hand smoke should be included in training to increase knowledge and awareness of medical students as part of preventive medicine practice.
Impact of Tamm plasmon structures on fluorescence and optical nonlinearity of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Elamkulavan Hasana Jahan , Purayil Nikhil Puthiya , Subramaniam Sanjay , Keloth Chandrasekharan
Published: June 2024

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are crucial in biomedicine for sensitive biosensing and high-resolution bioimaging and in photonics for their nonlinear optical properties. Integrating GQDs with photonic structures enhances optical properties by optimizing light-matter interactions and enabling precise control over their emission wavelengths. In this work, we explore a facile synthesis method for GQDs by pulsed laser irradiation in chlorobenzene and highlight the transformative potential of Tamm Plasmon Cavity (TPC) structures for tuning and amplifying the photoluminescence and nonlinear optical properties of GQDs. The characterization of GQDs revealed their exceptional properties, including efficient optical limiting and stable photoluminescence. The study demonstrated that the TPC structure significantly amplifies nonlinear optical effects due to the high light-matter interaction, indicating the potential for advanced optical systems, including optical limiters and nonlinear optical devices. Furthermore, introducing GQDs into the TPC structure leads to a significant enhancement and tuning of fluorescence emission. The Purcell effect, in combination with the confined electromagnetic fields within the TPC, increases the spontaneous emission rate of GQDs and subsequently enhances the fluorescence intensity. This enhanced and tunable fluorescence has exciting implications for high-sensitivity applications such as biosensing and single-molecule detection.
Microbiological quality assessment of Clarias gariepinus, Bagrus bajad, and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillets
Authors: El-Gendy Noha M. , Amer Amr , Ibrahim Hossam A. , Abou-Okada Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

In this study, 80 catfish fillets were randomly collected from Egyptian local markets and retailers. The samples included 20 African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 20 bayad (Bagrus bajad), and 40 pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillets. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillet samples were divided into 20 white basa and 20 red basa fillets. We conducted a microbiological analysis of catfish fillet samples, evaluating mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, H2S-producing bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, and fecal Coliform counts. Additionally, we identified the existence of Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichia spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. in the catfish fillet samples. In our study, the psychrophilic bacterial counts in Bagrus bajad (5.21 log CFU/g) were found to be higher compared to the counts in Clarias gariepinus (4.31 log CFU/g) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (3.89–4.7 log CFU/g). The fecal Coliform in Clarias gariepinus fillets was significantly higher than in other catfish fillets. We isolated Escherichia coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas luteola from the catfish fillets, while no Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., or Yersinia spp. were detected. These isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, ten Escherichia spp. were serologically identified, revealing that O26 and O78 were the most commonly occurring serotypes. This study highlights the microbiological analysis conducted on catfish fillets and concludes that the fillet samples from these catfish were of superior quality and deemed acceptable for human consumption.
Potential inhibitors of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 developed through Deep Learning for the treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Abdalla Mohnad , Joshi Isha , Yadav Manasi , Bhrdwaj Anushka , Chopra Ishita , Khan Arshiya , Saxena Arshiya , Sharma Khushboo , Panicker Aravind , Panwar Umesh , Mendonça Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2024

Cervical cancer stands as a prevalent gynaecologic malignancy affecting women globally, often linked to persistent human papillomavirus infection. Biomarkers associated with cervical cancer, including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-E, show upregulation and are linked to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This research aims to employ in-silico methods to target tyrosine kinase receptor proteins—VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, and identify novel inhibitors for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors receptors (VEGFRs). A comprehensive literary study was conducted which identified 26 established inhibitors for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 receptor proteins. Compounds with high-affinity scores, including PubChem ID—25102847, 369976, and 208908 were chosen from pre-existing compounds for creating Deep Learning-based models. RD-Kit, a Deep learning algorithm, was used to generate 43 million compounds for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 targets. Molecular docking studies were conducted on the top 10 molecules for each target to validate the receptor-ligand binding affinity. The results of Molecular Docking indicated that PubChem IDs—71465,645 and 11152946 exhibited strong affinity, designating them as the most efficient molecules. To further investigate their potential, a Molecular Dynamics Simulation was performed to assess conformational stability, and a pharmacophore analysis was also conducted for indoctrinating interactions.
Analysis and projections of disease burden for different risk factors and sexes of ischemic stroke in young adults in China
Authors: Gao Ying , Liu Kangding , Fang Shaokuan
Published: June 2024

To estimate the rate of death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and project the disease burden of ischemic stroke due to relevant risk factors in young adults age 20–49 years by sex in China. Data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 were used. The age-standardized mortality (ASMR), age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. We also used the NORDPRED model to predict ASMR for ischemic stroke due to related risk factors in Chinese young adults over the next 10 years. From 1990 to 2019, the general age-standardized mortality [from 2.39 (1.97 to 2.99) in 1990 to 1.8 (1.41 to 2.18) in 2019, EAPC = − 1.23] and DALYs rates (from 171.7 (140.34 to 212.36) in 1990 to 144.4 (114.29 to 177.37) in 2019, EAPC = − 0.86) decreased for ischemic stroke in young adults in China. ASMR and ASDR decreased for all level 1 risk factors (including behavioral, environmental/occupational, and metabolic) from 1990 to 2019, with the slightest decrease for metabolic risks [ASMR from 1.86 (1.39 to 2.41) in 1990 to 1.53 (1.15 to 1.92) in 2019, ASDR from 133.68 (99.96 to 173.89) in 1990 to 123.54 (92.96 to 156.98) in 2019] and the largest decrease for environmental/occupational risks [ASMR from 1.57 (1.26 to 1.98) in 1990 to 1.03 (0.78 to 1.29) in 2019, ASDR from 110.91 (88.44 to 138.34) in 1990 to 80.03 (61.87 to 100.33) in 2019]. In general, high body-mass index, high red meat intake, and ambient particulate matter pollution contributed to the large increase in ASMR and ASDR between 1990 and 2019. Significant reductions in ASMR and ASDR were observed in low vegetables intake, household air pollution from solid fuels, lead exposure, and low fiber intake. In addition, there were sex differences in the ranking of ASMR attributable to risks in ischemic stroke. The disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to relevant risk factors in young adults in China is greater and has a faster growth trend or a slower decline trend in males than in females (except for secondhand smoke). The apparent increasing trend of ASMR attributable to high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, high body-mass index, and high red meat intake was observed in males but not in females. The projected analysis showed an increasing trend in ASMR between 1990 and 2030 for all specific metabolic risks for males, but a decreasing trend for females. ASMR attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2030 for both males and females. The burden of ischemic stroke in young adults in China showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. Specific risk factors associated with the burden of ischemic stroke varied between the sexes. Corresponding measures need to be developed in China to reduce the disease burden of ischemic stroke among young adults.
Design and experiment of impeller seed guide device for rice internal suction hole direct seeding device
Authors: Shang Yansong , Zhou Bo , Yang Jitao , Zhang Shun
Published: June 2024

Multi-grain hole-forming sowing and uniform hole spacing are important agronomic requirements for precise hole-direct seeding of rice.This paper designs a kind of impeller type seed guiding device. The main structural parameters of the impeller seed guide device were analyzed by constructing the kinematics model of the rice seed in the impeller seed guide process. The experiment analysis were carried out with the long-grain rice variety Chuangliangyou 4418 as the seeding object. The optimal structural parameter combination of seeding-guiding device was determined as inner impeller radius 56 mm, blade offset angle 11° and seeding angle 36°. On this basis, the seeding performance test of different seed guiding devices of internal suction seed-metering device was carried out by using rice seeds with different external dimensions. The test results show that the impeller has better cavitation and hole spacing uniformity than the seed guide tube. The average hole diameter is not higher than 21.7 mm, the qualified rate of hole diameter is not lower than 96.1%, and the coefficient of variation of hole spacing is not higher than 10.1%. Compared with the seed guide tube, which is increased by 32%, 16% and 34% respectively, and the average hole distance is about 200 mm in theory.
Sampling unknown large networks restricted by low sampling rates
Authors: Jiao Bo
Published: June 2024

Graph sampling plays an important role in data mining for large networks. Specifically, larger networks often correspond to lower sampling rates. Under the situation, traditional traversal-based samplings for large networks usually have an excessive preference for densely-connected network core nodes. Aim at this issue, this paper proposes a sampling method for unknown networks at low sampling rates, called SLSR, which first adopts a random node sampling to evaluate a degree threshold, utilized to distinguish the core from periphery, and the average degree in unknown networks, and then runs a double-layer sampling strategy on the core and periphery. SLSR is simple that results in a high time efficiency, but experiments verify that the proposed method can accurately preserve many critical structures of unknown large scale-free networks with low sampling rates and low variances.
Differential responses of SARS-CoV-2 variants to environmental drivers during their selective sweeps
Authors: Smith Thomas P. , Mishra Swapnil , Dorigatti Ilaria , Dixit Mahika K. , Tristem Michael , Pearse William D.
Published: June 2024

Previous work has shown that environmental variables affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but it is unclear whether different strains show similar environmental responses. Here we leverage genetic data on the transmission of three (Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1) variants of SARS-CoV-2 throughout England, to unpick the roles that climate and public-health interventions play in the circulation of this virus. We find evidence for enhanced transmission of the virus in colder conditions in the first variant selective sweep (of Alpha, in winter), but limited evidence of an impact of climate in either the second (of Delta, in the summer, when vaccines were prevalent) or third sweep (of Omicron, in the winter, during a successful booster-vaccination campaign). We argue that the results for Alpha are to be expected if the impact of climate is non-linear: we find evidence of an asymptotic impact of temperature on the alpha variant transmission rate. That is, at lower temperatures, the influence of temperature on transmission is much higher than at warmer temperatures. As with the initial spread of SARS-CoV-2, however, the overwhelming majority of variation in disease transmission is explained by the intrinsic biology of the virus and public-health mitigation measures. Specifically, when vaccination rates are high, a major driver of the spread of a new variant is it’s ability to evade immunity, and any climate effects are secondary (as evidenced for Delta and Omicron). Climate alone cannot describe the transmission dynamics of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Discovering the ecological structure of different macrophyte groups in rivers using non-parametric and parametric multivariate ordination techniques
Authors: Budka Anna , Szoszkiewicz Krzysztof , Pietruczuk Karol , Agaj Tropikë
Published: June 2024

This paper analyses various methods of ecological ordering that are often used in modelling the relationship between vegetation and habitat. The results of direct gradient ordination by Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), which is based on correlation, were compared with Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), which is based on rank analyses. Both tools were also compared with Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), which is a popular indirect gradient analysis method. The macrophyte assessment was conducted at 98 river locations in the lowland regions of Poland. Each of the surveyed locations falls within a consistent abiotic category: small to medium-sized lowland rivers with a sandy bottom. Habitat elements analysed included limnological variables and geographic parameters, and the botanical survey focused on submerged macrophytes, including vascular plants, as well as bryophytes and algae. Firstly, it was shown that various analytical tools for determining the importance of ecological factors (Monte Carlo test, BIOENV) identify slightly different significant factors responsible for the development of macrophytes in rivers. Secondly, considerable similarity was found in the structure of macrophyte communities generated on NMDS and DCA biplots, while macrophyte communities were presented very differently based on CCA. Thirdly, the ecological preferences of aquatic plants based on one-dimensional analyses primarily reflected the results of CCA, whereas they did not always follow the ecological pattern revealed by NMDS. Finally, by conducting separate studies for non-vascular plants and vascular macrophytes, it was confirmed that different ecological drivers are responsible for the development of particular groups of macrophytes
Exploring levels of empathy and assertiveness in final year physiotherapy students during clinical placements
Authors: Hernández-Xumet Juan-Elicio , García‐Hernández Alfonso‐Miguel , Fernández‐González Jerónimo‐Pedro , Marrero-González Cristo-Manuel
Published: June 2024

Empathy and assertiveness are two essential soft skills for any healthcare professional's competence and ethical development. It has been shown that empathy can be influenced throughout the training of a future healthcare professional, particularly during the clinical placement period. This research aims to assess fourth-year physiotherapy students' empathic and assertive development before and after clinical placement. A longitudinal observational study was conducted with fourth-year physiotherapy students during the academic year 2022/2023. A preliminary assessment of empathy and assertiveness levels was carried out before the start of the clinical placement and at the end of the placement using the Individual Reactivity Index to assess empathy and the Rathus Test to assess assertiveness. The results show a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in both the empathy subscales of perspective-taking and empathic-concern between the pre- and postassessment, as well as an inverse correlation between the empathy subscale of personal distress and assertiveness. It is concluded that students show adequate results in empathy and assertiveness. However, there is some influence of clinical practice on the development of empathy, and future intervention studies need to be considered. Furthermore, students with higher levels of assertiveness have lower levels of personal distress, suggesting that assertiveness is closely related to empathy.
Development of methyl 5-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)picolinate, exploring its bio-target potential aiming at CVD mediated by multiple proteins through surface and physiochemical analysis
Authors: Nachimuthu Lenin , Desikan Rajagopal
Published: June 2024

The emphasis on sustainable sources of drug development seems imminent with phytochemicals emerging as promising candidates due to their minimal probability of adverse effects. This study focuses on utilizing simple cinnamic acid and nicotinic acid derivatives as starting materials, employing an efficient synthetic protocol to obtain methyl 5-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)picolinate targeting CVD mediated by multiple enzymes such as MAPK, PCSK9, MPO, SIRT1 and TNF-α. Comprehensive characterization of synthesized molecule is achieved through 1H, 13C, FT-IR, and HRMS methods. Additionally, the crystal structure was established via SC-XRD. Comparative analysis with the DFT-optimized structure identifies key nucleophilic and electrophilic regions for determining interactions with bio-targets. Notably, Compound 5 adheres to all drug-likeness criteria, further validated through screening similar pharmacophoric drugs from databases. Targeting bio-relevant areas with a specific focus on CVD drug development. The molecular docking studies elucidate ligand–protein interactions for better binding connectivity. This investigation further underscores the importance of sustainable practices, simple chemical synthesis, and computational approaches, contributing to the pursuit of eco-friendly drug development with enhanced safety profiles (MTT assay).
X-ray imageable, drug-loaded hydrogel that forms at body temperature for image-guided, needle-based locoregional drug delivery
Authors: Delgado Jose F. , Pritchard William F. , Varble Nicole , Lopez-Silva Tania L. , Arrichiello Antonio , Mikhail Andrew S. , Morhard Robert , Ray Trisha , Havakuk Michal M. , Nguyen Alex , Borde Tabea , Owen Joshua W. , Schneider Joel P. , Karanian John W. , Wood Bradford J.
Published: June 2024

Liver cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Direct intratumoral injections of anti-cancer therapeutics may improve therapeutic efficacy and mitigate adverse effects compared to intravenous injections. Some challenges of intratumoral injections are that the liquid drug formulation may not remain localized and have unpredictable volumetric distribution. Thus, drug delivery varies widely, highly-dependent upon technique. An X-ray imageable poloxamer 407 (POL)-based drug delivery gel was developed and characterized, enabling real-time feedback. Utilizing three needle devices, POL or a control iodinated contrast solution were injected into an ex vivo bovine liver. The 3D distribution was assessed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The 3D distribution of POL gels demonstrated localized spherical morphologies regardless of the injection rate. In addition, the gel 3D conformal distribution could be intentionally altered, depending on the injection technique. When doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the POL and injected, DOX distribution on optical imaging matched iodine distribution on CBCT suggesting spatial alignment of DOX and iodine localization in tissue. The controllability and localized deposition of this formulation may ultimately reduce the dependence on operator technique, reduce systemic side effects, and facilitate reproducibility across treatments, through more predictable standardized delivery.
Exploring the synthesis, characterization, and corrosion inhibition of new tris-thiosemicarbazone derivatives for acidic steel settings using computational and experimental studies
Authors: Abuelela Ahmed M. , Bedair Mahmoud A. , Gad Ehab S. , El-Aryan Y. F. , Arafa Wael Abdelgayed Ahmed , Mourad Asmaa K. , Nady H. , Eid Salah
Published: June 2024

A novel two tri-thiosemicarbazones derivatives, namely 2,2',2''-((2-Hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methanylylidene))tris(N-benzylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (HBC) and 2,2',2''-((2-hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-triyl) tris (methanylylidene)) tris (N-allylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (HAC), have been synthesized and their chemical structures were determined using different spectroscopic and analytical approaches. Then, utilizing methods including open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the inhibitory effect of the synthesized thiosemicarbazones on mild steel (MS) in an acidic environment (0.5 M H2SO4) was thoroughly investigated. Remarkably, raising the concentration of our recently synthesized tri-thiosemicarbazones HBC and HAC increased the inhibitory efficiency values. The η values of the two investigated tri-thiosemicarbazones derivatives (HAC and HBC), at each concentration are extremely high, and the maximum values of the efficiencies are 98.5% with HAC and 98.8% with HBC at the 800 ppm. The inhibitors adsorbed on the mild steel surface and generated a charge and mass movement barrier that protected the metal from hostile ions. According to polarization curves, HBC and HAC act as mixed-type inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance testing revealed a notable rise in charge transfer resistance (Rct) readings to 4930-Ω cm2, alongside a reduction in the Constant Phase Element (CPE) value to 5.81 μF, suggesting increased effectiveness in preventing corrosion. Also, density functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the assembled tri-thiosemicarbazones HBC and HAC. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism of HBC and HAC on the mild steel surface was explored using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the theoretical outputs were discovered to support the practical outcomes.
The manipulation of photon blockade via Newtonian gravity
Authors: Li Zhen , Lu Wang-Jun , Zuo Yun-Lan
Published: June 2024

We theoretically investigate the model of a quadratically coupled optomechanical system with a Newtonian gravitational potential in the weak-driving regime, where the optical cavity is driven by an external laser. The steady state of the whole system is treated in the framework of a few-photon subspace. We find that the conventional single-photon blockade, nonstandard types of single-photon blockade, two-photon blockade, and photon-induced tunneling can be induced by gravity when the quadratic optomechanical coupling strength remains constant. Moreover, we find that gravitational potential energy can compensate for the lack of quadratic optomechanical coupling for observation photon blockade. In particular, the photon stream with super-Poissonian distribution can be converted into a sub-Poissonian, antibunching photon stream by changing the driving detuning when the gravitational potential energy is included. These results show that the gravity has potential for realizing the manipulation of photon blockade in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system.
Optimization of a photovoltaic/wind/battery energy-based microgrid in distribution network using machine learning and fuzzy multi-objective improved Kepler optimizer algorithms
Authors: Duan Fude , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Khajehzadeh Mohammad , Basem Ali , Jasim Dheyaa J. , Palani Sivaprakasam
Published: June 2024

In this study, a fuzzy multi-objective framework is performed for optimization of a hybrid microgrid (HMG) including photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources linked with battery energy storage (PV/WT/BES) in a 33-bus distribution network to minimize the cost of energy losses, minimizing the voltage oscillations as well as power purchased minimization from the HMG incorporated forecasted data. The variables are microgrid optimal location and capacity of the HMG components in the network which are determined through a multi-objective improved Kepler optimization algorithm (MOIKOA) modeled by Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, piecewise linear chaotic map and using the FDMT. In this study, a machine learning approach using a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) has been used to forecast solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, and load data. The optimization problem is implemented in three optimization scenarios based on real and forecasted data as well as the investigation of the battery's depth of discharge in the HMG optimization in the distribution network and its effects on the different objectives. The results including energy losses, voltage deviations, and purchased power from the HMG have been presented. Also, the MOIKOA superior capability is validated in comparison with the multi-objective conventional Kepler optimization algorithm, multi-objective particle swarm optimization, and multi-objective genetic algorithm in problem-solving. The findings are cleared that microgrid multi-objective optimization in the distribution network considering forecasted data based on the MLP-ANN causes an increase of 3.50%, 2.33%, and 1.98%, respectively, in annual energy losses, voltage deviation, and the purchased power cost from the HMG compared to the real data-based optimization. Also, the outcomes proved that increasing the battery depth of discharge causes the BES to have more participation in the HMG effectiveness on the distribution network objectives and affects the network energy losses and voltage deviation reduction.
Design of a sustainable supply chain network of biomass renewable energy in the case of disruption
Authors: Aslani Leila , Hasan-Zadeh Atefeh , Kazemzadeh Yousef , Sheikh-Azadi Amir-Hosein
Published: June 2024

Non-renewable energy sources, including fossil fuels, are a type of energy whose consumption rate far exceeds its natural production rate. Therefore, non-renewable resources will be exhausted if alternative energy is not fully developed, leading to an energy crisis in the near future. In this paper, a mathematical model has been proposed for the design of the biomass supply chain of field residues that includes several fields where residue is transferred to hubs after collecting the residue in the hub, the residue is transferred to reactors. In reactors, the residue is converted into gas, which is transferred to condenser and transformers, converted into electricity and sent to demand points through the network. In this paper, the criteria of stability and disturbance were considered, which have been less discussed in related research, and the purpose of the proposed model was to maximize the profit from the sale of energy, including the selling price minus the costs. Genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm have been used to solve the model. Then, to prove the complexity of the problem, different and random examples have been presented in different dimensions of the problem. Also, the efficiency of the algorithm in small and large dimensions was proved by comparing GA and SA due to the low deviation of the solutions and the methods used have provided acceptable results suitable for all decision-makers. Also, the effectiveness of the algorithm in small and large dimensions is proven by comparing the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, and the genetic algorithm's values are better, considering the deviation of 2.9%.and have provided solution methods suitable for all decision makers.
Procrustes analysis of a shape of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Tomaszewski Ryszard , Dajka Jerzy
Published: June 2024

Shape of supracondylar fracture of the humeral of pediatric patients is analysed with Procrustes method. XR-images of fractures are considered both in anterio-posterior (AP) view and in a lateral (L) view. Applying Procrustes method for both views mean images are constructed and compared. Variability of shapes is quantified with a shape principal component analysis. Possibility of predictions of typical shape of humeral fracture and its variability using statistical shape analysis offers additional information on injury characteristics important in preoperative planning. Non-parametric tests (permutational and bootstrap) do not indicate statistical difference between Procrustes mean shapes in anterio-posterior and lateral projections. It is shown, however, that AP and L shapes of humeral fractures differ in their variability quantified by shape principal components.
Local structural modelling and local pair distribution function analysis for Zr–Pt metallic glass
Authors: Hirata Akihiko , Tokuda Satoru , Nakajima Chihiro , Zha Siyuan
Published: June 2024

In disordered glass structures, the structural modelling and analyses based on local experimental data are not yet established. Here we investigate the icosahedral short-range order (SRO) in a Zr–Pt metallic glass using local structural modelling, which is a reverse Monte Carlo simulation dedicated to two-dimensional angstrom-beam electron diffraction (ABED) patterns, and local pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The local structural modelling invariably leads to the icosahedral SRO atomic configurations that are similarly distorted by starting from some different initial configurations. Furthermore, the SRO configurations with 11–13 coordination numbers reproduce almost identical ABED patterns, indicating that these SRO structures are similar to each other. Further local PDF analysis explicitly indicates the presence of the wide distribution of atomic bond distances, which is comparable to the global PDF profile, even at the SRO level. The SRO models based on the conventional MD simulation can be strengthened by comparison with those obtained by the present local structural modelling and local PDF analysis based on the ABED data.
Analysis of the urine flow characteristics inside catheters for intermittent catheter selection
Authors: Lee Kyeongeun , Han Jeongwon
Published: June 2024

In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis on catheter sizes using computational fluid dynamics to assess urinary flow rates during intermittent catheterization (IC). The results revealed that the fluid (urine) movement within a catheter is driven by intravesical pressure, with friction against the catheter walls being the main hindrance to fluid movement. Higher-viscosity fluids experienced increased friction with increasing intravesical pressure, resulting in reduced fluid velocity, whereas lower-viscosity fluids experienced reduced friction under similar pressure, leading to increased fluid velocity. Regarding urine characteristics, the results indicated that bacteriuria, with lower viscosity, exhibited higher flow rates, whereas glucosuria exhibited the lowest flow rates. Additionally, velocity gradients decreased with increasing catheter diameters, reducing friction and enhancing fluid speed, while the friction increased with decreasing diameters, reducing fluid velocity. These findings confirm that flow rates increased with larger catheter sizes. Furthermore, in terms of specific gravity, the results showed that a 12Fr catheter did not meet the ISO-suggested average flow rate (50 cc/min). The significance of this study lies in its application of fluid dynamics to nursing, examining urinary flow characteristics in catheterization. It is expected to aid nurses in selecting appropriate catheters for intermittent catheterization based on urinary test results.
Ultrathin zigzag-surface copper nanowire assembled hierarchical microspheres to enhance oxygen reduction catalysis
Authors: Zhu Yan , Zhang Xue-Ying , Zhang Yong , Zhou Guan-Yu , Zhao Hong
Published: June 2024

Driven by a low temperature (273 K) electric field, ultrathin copper nanowires with hierarchical protuberances are grown, which deliver hydrophobic-aerophilic features, remarkably enhancing their oxygen reduction catalysis.
A sandwich-type photoelectrochemical biosensor based on Ru(bpy)32+ sensitized In2S3 for aflatoxin B1 detection
Authors: Chen Si-Zhe , Chen Jing-Shuai , Liu Xing-Pei , Mao Chang-Jie , Jin Bao-Kang
Published: June 2024

The construction process for the sandwich-type PEC biosensor.
Mono-, di- and trimetallic coinage nanoparticles prepared via the Brust–Schiffrin method
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Li Yuting , Li Tian , Mu Yunyun , Fang Xiaohui , Zhang Xinping
Published: June 2024

Using coordination compound theory, we shed important light on the mechanism of the Brust–Schiffrin method. Based on this mechanism, we synthesized mono-, bi- and trimetallic nanoparticles of Au, Ag and Cu with nanocatalytic activities.
Intramolecular bridging strategies to suppress two-phonon Raman spin relaxation in dysprosocenium single-molecule magnets
Authors: Staab Jakob K. , Rahman Md. Kholilur , Chilton Nicholas F.
Published: June 2024

Generic frozen solution embedding enables the ab initio prediction of condensed-phase spin-dynamics under realistic conditions for molecules without crystal structures, giving insight into the impact of intramolecular bridging on magnetic relaxation.
Three-dimensional Au–MnO2 nanostructure as an agent of synergistic cancer therapy: chemo-/photodynamic and photothermal approaches
Authors: Sugito Siti Febtria Asrini , Wibrianto Aswandi , Chang Jia-Yaw , Fahmi Mochamad Zakki , Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Sakti Satya Candra Wibawa , Ahmad Musbahu Adam , Hwei Voon Lee , Nikmah Yatim Lailun
Published: June 2024

The design of multimodal cancer therapy was focused on reaching an efficient process and minimizing harmful effects on patients.
Immobilization of europium and terbium ions with tunable ratios on a dispersible two-dimensional metal–organic framework for ratiometric photoluminescence detection of D2O
Authors: Lin Tzu-Chi , Wu Kuan-Chu , Chang Jhe-Wei , Chen You-Liang , Tsai Meng-Dian , Kung Chung-Wei
Published: June 2024

Dispersible 2D Zr-based MOFs with tunable photoluminescence characteristics were synthesized by simultaneous post-synthetic modification of both europium and terbium ions.
Unveiling nanopore-confined crystallization and coordination/de-coordination mechanisms of quinone molecules for ultrahigh-rate and ultralong-cyclability aqueous zinc–organic batteries
Authors: Meng Shuo , He Ting , Chen Lu , Liao Kexuan , Lu Hang , Liu Tingting , Meng Ruijin , Ma Jie , Zhang Chi , Yang Jinhu
Published: June 2024

A fundamental mechanism underlying nanopore-confined crystallization and coordination/de-coordination reactions of quinone molecules has been proposed, enabling highly stable and fast Zn2+ storage for aqueous zinc–organic batteries.
Urolithin B protects mice from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota composition
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Rong , Lei Jiexin , Feng Lihua , Zhou Benhong
Published: June 2024

The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) signifies the failure of conventional treatments for these diseases.
Preparation and property analysis of cellulose reinforced carbon nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Meng Lingling , Ding Shijie , Li Weihao , Liu Da , Liu En
Published: June 2024

The application of hydrogels in the field of wearable flexible sensors has been widely discussed.
Catalyst- and solvent-free regiospecific SNHAr phosphinylation of pyridines with H-phosphinates mediated by benzoylphenylacetylene
Authors: Khrapova Kseniya O. , Volkov Pavel A. , Telezhkin Anton A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: June 2024

Pyridines undergo a facile SNHAr phosphinylation with H-phosphinates under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions (50–55 °C) in the presence of benzoylphenylacetylene to afford 4-phosphinylpyridines in up to 68% yield.
Rapid synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes
Authors: Barlow Sean R. , Tomkinson David , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Evans Nicholas H.
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes, via covalent linkage of separate amide axles threaded through the rings of an isophthalamide bis-macrocycle.
A novel μ3-CO3 bridged linear polymeric Cu-complex ([Cu3(DMAP)8(μ3-CO3)2]I2)n·xH2O: synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in the synthesis of phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines via C–O and C–S cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Bhuyan Amar Jyoti , Nath Partha Pratim , Bharali Sourav Jyoti , Saikia Lakhinath
Published: June 2024

A new polymeric copper complex ([Cu3(DMAP)8(μ3-CO3)2]I2)n·xH2O is synthesized, characterized and used in C–O and C–S cross coupling reactions for the synthesis of biologically important phenoxypyrimidine and arylthiopyrimidine scaffolds.
Regioselective and solvent-dependent photoisomerization induced internal conversion in red fluorescent protein chromophore analogues
Authors: Rajbongshi Basanta Kumar , Abdullah Sheikh , Lama Bittu , Bhattacharyya Himangshu Pratim , Sarma Manabendra
Published: June 2024

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) chromophore analogues exhibit solvent dependent and regioselective photoisomerization, which triggers internal conversion through conical intersection.
N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [2 + 3] annulation reaction for the synthesis of trifluoroethyl 3,2′-spirooxindole γ-lactam
Authors: Pu Yiru , Wang Maolin , Tian Wanrong , Ge Xian , Zhu Dikai , Wang Chuanqi , Zeng Yingjie , Tao Feiyan , Deng Yun , Lu Jun
Published: June 2024

The addition of NHC catalysts in enals reverses normal reactivity by the formation of Breslow intermediates that act as prenucleophiles, which enable asymmetric selective intermolecular [2 + 3] annulation reaction with ketimines.
Biohybrid microcapsules based on electrosprayed CS-immobilized nanoZrV for self-healing epoxy coating development
Authors: Uko Lydia , Elkady Marwa
Published: June 2024

In this work, zirconium vanadate nanoparticles were immobilized into chitosan using a facile electrospraying technique to produce CS–ZrV hybrid microcapsules for the development of a self-healing coating.
Efficient removal of methyl orange and ciprofloxacin by reusable Eu–TiO2/PVDF membranes with adsorption and photocatalysis methods
Authors: Wang Jiao , Pi Hemu , Zhao Panchao , Zhou Na
Published: June 2024

The Eu–TiO2/PVDF membrane can adsorb the organic dye methyl orange (MO), degrade the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible-light irradiation, and simultaneously adsorb and degrade a mixture of MO and CIP.
Learning or legitimacy? An investigation of the graduate student milestones within a chemistry doctoral program
Authors: Nardo Jocelyn Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is defined as the highest achievable degree and represents the completion of a specialized mentored project. Concerningly, graduate programs are structured in ways that can lead to inequities that exclude graduate students based on race, class, gender, ability, and additional intersecting social locations. Drawing from Yuval-Davis' framework on the politics of belonging and Porter et al.'s institutional critique methodology, the goal of the qualitative study was to examine how a chemistry graduate program fosters the professional development of its students through the graduate student milestones (admissions, preliminary exams, coursework, candidacy exam, seminar, and dissertation defense). The data comprised of documents such as the 2019 graduate student handbook and information from the departmental website, along with interviews involving faculty (N = 5), staff (N = 3), and administrators (N = 2) who served as policy agents. Findings highlight how misalignment within the admissions, preliminary exam, and candidacy milestones can create boundaries for belonging. In contrast, the seminar milestone had alignment that contributed to belonging while the coursework and dissertation defense milestones had ambiguous alignment that contributed to belonging. After gathering and analyzing the data, I collaborated with a team at the university's Department of Chemistry to revise the preliminary exam and candidacy exam milestones, aiming to enhance their inclusivity. Overall, this study offers implications for structuring chemistry graduate programs and STEM programs broadly.
A quadruple-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogel constructed from a poly(acrylic acid) derivative and β-cyclodextrin dimer
Authors: Yan Hongchao , Wang Juan , He Xichan , Yu Dongsheng , Qiu Yuan , Liao Yonggui , Xie Xiaolin
Published: June 2024

A host–guest hydrogel has been fabricated from a β-CD dimer and poly(acrylic acid) grafted with guest groups. Its reversible gel–sol transition can be triggered via temperature, visible light irradiation, pH changes, or redox chemicals.
Exploring Static–Dynamic ID Matching and Temporal Static ID Inconsistency for Generalizable Deepfake Detection
Authors: She Huimin , Hu Yongjian , Liu Beibei , Li Chang-Tsun
Published: June 2024

Identity‐based Deepfake detection methods have the potential to improve the generalization, robustness, and interpretability of the model. However, current identity‐based methods either require a reference or can only be used to detect face replacement but not face reenactment. In this paper, we propose a novel Deepfake video detection approach based on identity anomalies. We observe two types of identity anomalies: the inconsistency between clip‐level static ID (facial appearance) and clip‐level dynamic ID (facial behavior) and the temporal inconsistency of image‐level static IDs. Since these two types of anomalies can be detected through self‐consistency and do not depend on the manipulation type, our method is a reference‐free and manipulation‐independent approach. Specifically, our detection network consists of two branches: the static–dynamic ID discrepancy detection branch for the inconsistency between dynamic and static ID and the temporal static ID anomaly detection branch for the temporal anomaly of static ID. We combine the outputs of the two branches by weighted averaging to obtain the final detection result. We also designed two loss functions: the static–dynamic ID matching loss and the dynamic ID constraint loss, to enhance the representation and discriminability of dynamic ID. We conduct experiments on four benchmark datasets and compare our method with the state‐of‐the‐art methods. Results show that our method can detect not only face replacement but also face reenactment, and also has better detection performance over the state‐of‐the‐art methods on unknown datasets. It also has superior robustness against compression. Identity‐based features provide a good explanation of the detection results.
Noise modelling and mitigation for broadband in‐door power line communication systems
Authors: Adegoke Ogunlade M. , Gbadamosi Saheed Lekan , Adejumobi Babatunde S. , Owolabi Israel E. , Oke Wasiu Adeyemi , Nwulu Nnamdi I.
Published: June 2024

Communication systems are greatly hampered by many disruptive noises in powerline communication systems (PLC), which come with strong interference, resulting in the malfunction of PLC systems. Hence, there is a need to model noise and its effect on communication systems. This paper presents noise modelling and mitigation techniques for indoor broadband powerline communication systems. To model the PLC noise, frequency domain measurements employing the GSP‐930 spectrum analyser were carried out to determine the noise frequency response in the frequency range of 1–30 MHz. The results obtained were plotted. While the analytical model for the noise model is presented, furthermore, noise mitigation techniques for multiple input multiple output PLC (MIMO‐PLC) systems in the form of spatial modulation PLC systems have been proposed. The SM‐PLC system employs the indices of the individual transmit lines to increase the data rate, as opposed to the traditional MIMO‐PLC systems, where the symbol to be transmitted is transmitted by duplicating the symbol across all lines. The proposed system uses the maximum likelihood (ML) detector at the receiver to obtain estimates of the transmitted symbols. The simulation results of the SM‐PLC system are compared with the already existing MIMO‐PLC system and show a significant improvement of ≈6 dB and 5.2 dB in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at a bit error rate of 10(−5) for spectral efficiencies of 4 bits per channel use (bpcu) and 6 bpcu, respectively. On comparison of the SM‐PLC system having a combination of additive white Gaussian noise and impulse noise at the receiver, the SM‐PLC system outperformed the traditional MIMO‐PLC by 3.5 and 3.8 dB in SNR for 4 and 6 bpcu, respectively.
Safe affine formation using terminal sliding mode control with input constraints
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Zhenhuan , Wang Changhong , Zhao Xinyang , Zheng Yuanxun
Published: June 2024

Formation control is a fundamental task in the realm of autonomous multiagent systems. To drive a group of agents to maneuver continuously with the desired formation, this paper studies the finite‐time affine formation control problem with disturbances, input constraints and safety guarantee. A non‐singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) is implemented to achieve finite‐time convergence of all followers to their desired positions. Additionally, an auxiliary system is deployed to address input constraints resulting from the physical properties of the affine formation system. To mitigate the impact of lumped disturbances, a finite‐time disturbance observer (FTDO) is employed to estimate the disturbances and compensate for their effects. Based on FTDO, the auxiliary system and the above NTSMC, a finite‐time robust controller is developed as the nominal controller. By modifying the nominal controllers to comply with safety constraints, control barrier functions are employed to ensure the safety of the formation system in obstacle‐filled environment. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of this method are validated through simulations and real‐world experiments.