bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Cell Imaging to the Study of Anterior Pituitary Function and Its Regulation
Authors: Jiménez-Díaz Edgar , Del-Rio Diana , Fiordelisio Tatiana
Published: March 2022

Advances in the knowledge of the neuroendocrine system are closely related to the development of cellular imaging and labeling techniques. This synergy ranges from the staining techniques that allowed the first characterizations of the anterior pituitary gland, its relationship with the hypothalamus, and the birth of neuroendocrinology; through the development of fluorescence microscopy applications, specific labeling strategies, transgenic systems, and intracellular calcium sensors that enabled the study of processes and dynamics at the cellular and tissue level; until the advent of super-resolution microscopy, miniscopes, optogenetics, fiber photometry, and other imaging methods that allowed high spatiotemporal resolution and long-term three-dimensional cellular activity recordings in living systems in a conscious and freely moving condition. In this review, we briefly summarize the main contributions of cellular imaging techniques that have allowed relevant advances in the field of neuroendocrinology and paradigm shifts that have improved our understanding of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes. The development of these methods and equipment is the result of the integration of knowledge achieved by the integration of several disciplines and effort to solve scientific questions and problems of high impact on health and society that this system entails.
James Indian, “Answers”: An Indigenous Freedom Suit in Massachusetts Bay
Authors: Shoplik Anthony , Glover Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

Around 1670 an enslaved plaintiff called James Indian sued for his freedom in Massachusetts Bay. As his case languished, he found colonists willing to help him. The result of their collaboration, “James Indians answers to his Mr Carrs reasons of appeale,” offered a powerful critique of New England slavery law.
Localizing Pindar’s Pythian 10
Authors: Pavlou Maria
Published: March 2022

This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion of the political ramifications of Pythian 10 by drawing attention to two less studied features of the ode’s mythical narrative: the glossing over of King Polydectes within Perseus’ story, and the attribution of the rare appellation λαγέτας to Perseus. Additionally, it is argued that, as well as targeting a Thessalian audience, the ode sends a powerful political message to the other cities of the Delphic Amphictyony, in which Thessaly held a prominent place at the time.
Imagining the Stars
Authors: Broekhuijsen Klara H.
Published: March 2022

The Natuurkunde van het Geheelal in Wolfenbüttel, which was made in Utrecht around 1465–1470 is a text about celestial bodies and meteorological and natural phenomena. Most copies of this text are clarified by astronomical drawings and diagrams. The manuscript in Wolfenbüttel, however, also contains miniatures with the personifications of the seven planets and the signs of the zodiac. The author’s aim is to find the source of inspiration for the unusual pictures of the planets in particular, and also for the signs of the zodiac.
Arctic Asylum
Authors: Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas , Klinge Sune
Published: March 2022

This article examines the regulation and rights of refugees and other foreigners in independent, overseas and other not fully sovereign territories. It analyses two Nordic cases, Greenland and Svalbard. Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, and Svalbard an unincorporated area subject to Norwegian sovereignty through the 1920 Spitsbergen Treaty. Unlike their parent states, both territories remain outside the Schengen Area. As this article highlights, both territories are subject to distinct regulatory frameworks in respect to asylum-seekers and refugees. While the number of asylum-seekers or refugees in each place is so far very limited, the regulatory differences nonetheless raise principled questions both from a rights-based perspective and at the more theoretical level. As this article argues, Greenland and Svalbard both exemplify how international law and late sovereign constructions may themselves provide for an unmooring of asylum and refugee rights within the ordinary statist framework. The effects in each case are multi-directional. On the one hand, the legal frameworks pertaining to these arctic territories provide for significantly more liberal rules in terms of access to asylum and immigration control. On the other hand, these legal bifurcations serve to upend the ordinary Nordic social contract and welfare rights owed to refugees and other aliens.
L'ordre des constituants dans les mots composés par coordination d'antonymes
Authors: Bottéro Françoise
Published: March 2022

In the traditional analysis of compounds formed by coordination of antonyms, semantic constraints are responsible for the order of the constituents. The purpose of this article is to show that phonological constraints, related to the four tones of Ancient Chinese, also play an important role in determining the organization of the components of the compounds.
History through loanwords: The loan correspondences between Hani and Chinese
Authors: Sagart Laurent , Shixuan Xu
Published: March 2022

The stratification of Chinese loanwords into Dazhai Hani, a Tibeto-Burman language, has been studied. The basic principles (principle of coherence; extended principle of coherence) guiding analysis are presented in a methodological section. Two main strata of borrowings from SW Mandarin, a modern layer reflecting the phonology of Lüchun Mandarin, and the other from another, earlier source (contemporary with the introduction of the potato and tobacco), are distinguished. A set of early Chinese borrowings is also identified but the sound correspondences in that layer are incomplete. The words for 'eggplant' and 'tea' are shared with Chinese but appear to be Tibeto-Burman loanwords to Chinese rather than the opposite.
Pourquoi shao mai – ou l’origine du nom d’une délicatesse cantonaise
Authors: Shun-chiu Yau
Published: March 2022

This article is a graphico-semantic study on the origin of the expression siu mai, signifying the ever-popular Cantonese culinary titbit.
Does Compulsory Voting Affect How Voters Choose? A Test Using a Combined Conjoint and Regression Discontinuity Analysis
Authors: Singh Shane P.
Published: March 2022

Authors writing since the late 1800s have argued that the requirement to vote can transform citizens, especially by inducing political sophistication. This implies the criteria that compelled voters use to choose between candidates will differ from those who are not obligated to turn out. To test this, I amalgamate a conjoint experiment with a regression discontinuity design, exploiting age-based cutoffs in the application of compulsory voting. This allows me to causally identify the impact of compulsory voting on the attributes individuals take into account when choosing between candidates. While I recover compulsory voting’s upward impact on turnout, I find no evidence that compelled and voluntary voters differ in how they select candidates.
A New Stopping Criterion for Rasch Trees Based on the Mantel–Haenszel Effect Size Measure for Differential Item Functioning
Authors: Henninger Mirka , Debelak Rudolf , Strobl Carolin
Published: March 2022

To detect differential item functioning (DIF), Rasch trees search for optimal splitpoints in covariates and identify subgroups of respondents in a data-driven way. To determine whether and in which covariate a split should be performed, Rasch trees use statistical significance tests. Consequently, Rasch trees are more likely to label small DIF effects as significant in larger samples. This leads to larger trees, which split the sample into more subgroups. What would be more desirable is an approach that is driven more by effect size rather than sample size. In order to achieve this, we suggest to implement an additional stopping criterion: the popular Educational Testing Service (ETS) classification scheme based on the Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio. This criterion helps us to evaluate whether a split in a Rasch tree is based on a substantial or an ignorable difference in item parameters, and it allows the Rasch tree to stop growing when DIF between the identified subgroups is small. Furthermore, it supports identifying DIF items and quantifying DIF effect sizes in each split. Based on simulation results, we conclude that the Mantel–Haenszel effect size further reduces unnecessary splits in Rasch trees under the null hypothesis, or when the sample size is large but DIF effects are negligible. To make the stopping criterion easy-to-use for applied researchers, we have implemented the procedure in the statistical software R. Finally, we discuss how DIF effects between different nodes in a Rasch tree can be interpreted and emphasize the importance of purification strategies for the Mantel–Haenszel procedure on tree stopping and DIF item classification.
Book review: John Lanchester, The Wall: A Novel
Authors: Nanda Samar
Published: March 2022

John Lanchester, The Wall: A Novel. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019, 288 pp., ₹1,352.93 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-1324001638.
The Effect of Migration on Political Support for Co-ethnics: Evidence From Turkey
Authors: Canavan Miceal , Turkoglu Oguzhan
Published: March 2022

In recent years, a record number of people have been forcibly displaced or migrated due to conflict. Whilst established political science research suggests that displaced communities are an added risk factor for conflict due to their support for extreme co-ethnic political parties and movements, this has been challenged by recent research which shows that migrants can be a moderating force. We offer a potential reconciliation of these divergent findings by distinguishing between first- and second-generation migrants. Due to their relative lack of conflict exposure, second-generation migrants will have significantly less support for co-ethnic political parties than first-generation migrants and those who remain. We test our argument using granular survey data comparing Kurds who migrated out of the conflict zone in Turkey with those who remained. The results support our theoretical framework and have important implications for our understanding of migrant attitudes and the long-term effects of conflict exposure.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine K.
Published: March 2022

In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Catherine Voulgarides recommends Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education by Beth Harry and Janette Klinger. And Pamela Brown recommends the article “High-achieving schools connote risks for adolescents: Problems documented, processes implicated, and directions for interventions” by Suniya Luthar, Nina Kumar, and Nicole Zillmer, published in the October 2020 issue of American Psychologist.
Connectedness within the Statistics Classroom
Authors: Ryan Valerie M. , Kunicki Zachary J. , Egan-Kunicki Justine N. , Harlow Lisa L.
Published: March 2022

Background

Statistics courses are a necessary component of undergraduate education, but psychology majors often have negative associations with statistics. One way to promote learning within classrooms is to promote classroom connectedness, but few studies have examined classroom connectedness using a social network paradigm.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of connectivity within the lab component of a statistics course, and test if the networks were associated with psychological constructs related to academic success, specifically, grit and resilience.

Method

Using descriptive network analysis and exponential random graph models (ERGMs), we examined the level of connectedness in statistics labs and whether or not students were likely to connect with each other based on sharing similar levels of grit and resilience.

Results

Results suggested an overall low degree of connectivity within each lab. However, in the most well-connected lab, students were more likely to connect with other students who had a dissimilar level of grit, but a similar level of resilience.

Conclusion

There is high variability between different student networks, although all networks were sparse. Future research could further examine the connection between student connectedness, grit and/or resilience, and how these could connect to student outcomes.

Teaching implications

fostering classroom connectedness could improve student learning outcomes.
How Attitudes Impact the Continued Influence Effect of Misinformation: The Mediating Role of Discomfort
Authors: Susmann Mark W. , Wegener Duane T.
Published: March 2022

Past research suggests that people continue believing retracted misinformation more when it is consistent versus inconsistent with their attitudes. However, the psychological mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains unclear. We predicted that retractions of attitude-consistent misinformation produce greater feelings of discomfort than retractions of attitude-inconsistent misinformation and that this discomfort predicts continued belief in and use of the misinformation. We report combined analyses across 10 studies testing these predictions. Seven studies (total N = 1,323) used a mediational framework and found that the more consistent misinformation was with participants’ attitudes, the more discomfort was elicited by a retraction of the misinformation. Greater discomfort then predicted greater continued belief in the misinformation, which, in turn, predicted greater use of the misinformation when participants made relevant inferences. Three additional studies (total N = 574) utilized misattribution paradigms to demonstrate that the relation between discomfort and belief in misinformation is causal in nature.
Life History Strategies, Prestige, and Dominance: An Evolutionary Developmental View of Social Hierarchy
Authors: Maner Jon K. , Hasty Connor R.
Published: March 2022

Although evidence documents the use of prestige and dominance for navigating group hierarchies, little is known about factors that explain people’s orientation toward prestige versus dominance. The current research applied a life history perspective to assess the role life history strategies play in prestige and dominance. Four studies document associations between adopting a slow life history strategy and having an orientation toward prestige. We also saw some (less consistent) evidence that people’s orientation toward prestige is rooted in exposure to predictable childhood environments, a known antecedent of slow life history strategies. Although we observed some evidence that exposure to unpredictable childhood environments was associated with dominance, there was little direct evidence that this relationship was explained by a fast life history strategy. Findings suggest that an orientation toward prestige is likely to be observed in people with a slow life history, who adopt a long-term time horizon for planning and decision-making.
The Impact of PCAOB-Type Regulations on Auditors Under Different Legal Systems
Authors: Ye Minlei , Simunic Dan A.
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the impact of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)-type regulatory oversight and legal liability on audit quality and social surplus. We show the conditions under which regulatory oversight can improve audit quality and social surplus, as compared with the impact of legal systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that regulatory oversight is not likely to substitute effectively for a legal system. This is the first study that analyzes the possible effects of an audit regulator on auditors under different legal systems, and our results enhance understanding of the complex relationship between regulatory oversight, a legal system, and social surplus.
Facilitators and Barriers of Return to Work in Working People with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Maddineshat Maryam , Cheraghi Fatemeh , Ghaleiha Ali , Khalafbeigi Mitra , Sadeghian Efat
Published: March 2022

Background:

Among working people with serious mental illness (WPSMI), return to work (RTW) is controlled by several factors. Identifying these factors can help prevent long-term sick leave absence and work disability. We aimed to identify facilitators and barriers of RTW in WPSMI admitted to a psychiatric hospital and clinic affiliated with the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Methods:

This qualitative study was conducted in 2020 on 27 participants with SMI and their families, supervisors, coworkers, managers, and mental health professionals (MHPs). The participants were selected through purposive sampling and subjected to semi-structured interviews. Forty interviews were conducted and analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results:

Nine hundred initial codes were extracted and categorized into 34 subcategories and eight categories. Categories that emerged as facilitators of RTW include emotional availability, information availability and use, practical assistance of others, employment facilitation by the society, and supervisor’s flexibility. Categories identified as barriers are imposed effects of mental illness, poor self-concept, and social obstacles.

Conclusion:

WPSMI experience some facilitators and barriers in RTW. Therefore, MHPs and politicians are recommended to consider these factors in vocational rehabilitation plans.
Collective Leadership: Developing a Tool to Assess Educator Readiness and Efficacy
Authors: Eckert Jonathan , Morgan Grant B. , Padgett R. Noah
Published: March 2022

Collective leadership is increasingly important because collective teacher efficacy, a subset of this type of leadership, is a significant factor in student learning. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the structural validity of a collective leadership instrument across public and private school settings using the multigroup factor analysis invariance framework for categorical indicators. The results supported invariance in factor structure, loadings, intercepts, and residual (co)variances and latent variances and covariances equality. Collective leadership development is theorized to play a central role in the effectiveness of both public and private schools alike so any instrument used to make decisions about collective leadership should be reflective of the pertinent constructs in general rather than the data being an artifact of the particular setting.
Effect of different structures fabricated by additive manufacturing on bone ingrowth
Authors: Lu Shunyi , Jiang Dongjie , Liu Shuhao , Liang Haifeng , Lu Junren , Xu Hao , Li Juan , Xiao Jian , Zhang Jian , Fei Qinming
Published: March 2022

Objective: To study the effects of different structures (solid/hollow) and pore diameters (300/600 μm) on bone ingrowth. Methods: Porous titanium alloy scaffolds (3.2 * 10.5 mm) were printed using electron beam melting. The implants were divided into either Hollow or Solid Group. The upper half of each implant was printed with a pore diameter of 600 μm while the bottom half was printed with a pore diameter of 300 μm. Visualization of the structural morphology was done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Cell proliferation was evaluated with the cell counting kit-8 assay and live/dead staining assay. The different lateral femoral condyles of 15 New Zealand rabbits were implanted with different groups of scaffolds. The rabbits were randomly sacrificed at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week postoperatively. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) evaluation was completed by quantitative Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT). Tissue histology were stained with toluidine blue to observe bone ingrowth under an optical microscope, and the percentage of new bone area were calculated using Image Pro-Plus 6.0. Results: SEM images showed a significant decrease in residual powder in the hollow implant and cell studies showed no obvious cytotoxicity for the Ti6Al4V scaffolds. Micro-CT reconstruction revealed high levels of new bone formation around the scaffolds. The trabeculae around the implants showed a gradual increase with each week, and new bone filled the scaffold pores gradually. BMD, BV/TV, and tissue histology revealed the 300 μm pore diameter is more conducive to bone ingrowth than the 600 μm ( p < .05). Conclusion: Our study revealed that Ti6Al4V implants with hollow structure could reduce the residual metal powder and implants with 300 μm pore diameter were more effective on bone formation than a 600 μm.
Barriers to Achieving Reproductive Justice for an Indigenous Gulf Coast Tribe
Authors: Liddell Jessica L. , Doria Celina M.
Published: March 2022

Reproductive justice is increasingly being utilized as a framework for exploring women’s reproductive health experiences. However, this topic has not yet been explored among Indigenous state-recognized tribes who do not utilize the Indian Health Service, and little research explores what other factors impact women's ability to reach their reproductive goals. A qualitative descriptive research methodology was used to explore experiences of reproductive justice among members of an Indigenous state-recognized tribe in the Gulf Coast. Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured life-history interviews with female tribal members. Several key themes emerged illustrating barriers related to women achieving their reproductive desires. These included: (a) High Prevalence of Hysterectomy or Sterilization; (b) Experiences with Infertility Common; and (c) High Frequency of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Endometriosis. Findings of this study reveal that Indigenous women face multiple barriers to achieving reproductive justice. This study is unique in exploring the family planning desires and goals, and the barriers experienced in achieving these reproductive desires, for women in a Gulf Coast, non-federally recognized Indigenous tribe. These results contextualize national trends and suggest that Indigenous women in this study experience reproductive injustices that harm their ability to achieve their reproductive desires.
Participatory Inequality Across Countries: Contacting Public Officials Online and Offline
Authors: Boulianne Shelley
Published: March 2022

The Internet offers low-cost ways to participate in political life, which reduces the motivation required to participate and thus potentially reduces inequalities in participation. I examine online and offline contacting of elected officials using original survey data from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States collected in 2019 and 2021. Education is a consistent positive predictor of contacting in all countries as well as both modes of contact (online and offline). Income differences are small. Younger people are more likely to contact officials, online and offline, compared to older people. Females are less likely to contact officials, online and offline, compared to males. While political interest, efficacy, online information consumption, and online group ties are believed to lead to more equity in online communication, I do not see strong differences in these variables for online and offline contacting. I conclude by discussing the implications of exclusively online contacting of officials when this form of contact is devalued by elected officials, as well as the implications of participatory inequalities with respect to influencing public policy and access to government services.
A general method for determining probabilistic S-N curve based on static strength data of material
Authors: Gao Jianxiong , Xu Rongxia , Wu Zhifeng , Zhu Pengnian
Published: March 2022

The conventional group test method for obtaining probabilistic S- N curve is a time-consuming and expensive test program. This study aims to present an alternative method for determining the probabilistic S- N curve of material based on its static strength data. Firstly, the probabilistic mapping relationship between the static strength and fatigue life of material is elaborated. Subsequently, the Weibull distribution is utilized to model the static strength and fatigue life data of material, and the correlation between the distribution parameters of them is investigated. Finally, an alternative method for determining the probabilistic S- N curve of material is proposed, and the experimental data of carbon steels and composite laminates are applied to verify its validity. The results show that the proposed method is capable of determining the probabilistic S- N curve of material based on its static strength data, which can significantly save test time and reduce test cost. In engineering applications, when the parameters of static strength distribution and the median S- N curve are known, the probabilistic S- N curve with any given survival probability can be determined through a unified analytical expression.
Compensation policies and comparative capitalisms
Authors: Suleman Fátima , Duarte Henrique , Brewster Chris , Suleman Abdul
Published: March 2022

A widespread rhetoric suggests that market-like rules dominate employment relationships, and particularly compensation, but empirical evidence is inconclusive. This research examines organisations’ compensation policies in clusters of European capitalist economies to test such a hypothesis. Four fuzzy clusters emerged from data, namely, Standard, Internalised, Competitive and Incentive, which illustrates a division between organisation- and market-based models. Collective pay rules characterise organisation-based model, and this is the predominant model in all countries except for the liberal market economies. Firms from different models of capitalism rely on internal labour market pay rules, suggesting that the scope of the liberal market system is narrow. Differences within clusters of capitalist economies suggest a role for agency and hidden labour market specificities in each grouping. The similarities of pay policies open room to identifying capitalist economies differently.
Dynamic Interactions in the Nexus Among Dividend, Firms’ Investment Behaviour and Value of Selected Quoted Companies in Nigeria (2001–2019)
Authors: Ayobamibo Olayiwola John , Apanisile Olumuyiwa Tolulope
Published: March 2022

In this article, we investigated the dynamic interactions in the nexus among dividend pay-out policy, investment behaviour and the value of listed companies in Nigeria from 2001 to 2019. Structural vector autoregression modelling framework, was employed as technique of analysis. The study employed annual data of listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data were sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the firms and the fact books published by the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The results revealed that investment policy and market value responded gradually to temporal and permanent shocks in the dividend decisions of companies. The study, therefore, recommended that the reaction of investment policy and the market response to variations in dividend policy were contractionary which could then enhance investment decisions and the market values of quoted companies in Nigeria.
Preservice Music Teachers Perceptions of Teaching and Learning Popular Music
Authors: Blackwell Jennifer , Matherne Nicholas , Momohara-Ho Cathlyn
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to investigate the perceptions of preservice music teachers learning popular music and facilitating popular music learning experiences with elementary students in an after-school music program. Preservice music teachers enrolled in a popular music pedagogy course learned techniques for teaching and performing popular music, and facilitated an elective after-school ‘ukulele program where they worked with students from two different elementary schools. Using interviews, researcher journals, preservice teacher reflections, and observations, we explored how preservice music teachers make sense of their experiences in learning to teach in a new musical context. We found that preservice teachers valued extended field experiences before student teaching, developed positive attitudes toward teaching popular music/musicianship, and required significant time to acquire the skills needed to teach in an informal learning environment.
Increases in Muscle-Strengthening Activities Among Latinas in Seamos Saludables
Authors: Benitez Tanya J. , Dunsiger Shira , Marquez Becky , Larsen Britta , Pekmezi Dori , Marcus Bess H.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Only 17% of Latinas meet national physical activity (PA) guidelines for both moderate-to-vigorous aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA. Additional health benefits are derived from the combination of aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA (vs. aerobic alone), yet there is paucity in research on muscle-strengthening activity in Latinas. The aim of this study was to examine changes in muscle-strengthening activity from baseline to 6 and 12 months in Seamos Saludables, a 12-month PA randomized controlled trial for Latinas.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis was conducted among 131 Latinas ages 18–65 years, who were randomized to either a PA Intervention or a Wellness Control. Self-reported muscle-strengthening exercise was measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months via adapted muscle-strengthening questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Results:

There was a 16-minute/week difference in median minute/week of muscle-strengthening activity between Intervention and Wellness at 6 months ( SE = 7.91, p = .04) and 45-minute/week difference at 12 months ( SE = 25.80, p = .06) adjusting for baseline. Significantly more PA Intervention participants met muscle-strengthening guidelines of 2 or more days/week at 6 months versus Wellness Control participants (odds ratio [OR] = 4.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 17.84]).

Conclusion:

Results from the current study showed that Latinas engaged in muscle-strengthening activity in an intervention that emphasized primarily aerobic PA outcomes, suggesting they may be interested in engaging in muscle-strengthening activities. Future interventions targeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity could achieve greater health improvements and help more Latinas reach the full national PA guidelines. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier. NCT01583140
Summer Friends and Physical Activity: Social Network Effects on Child Self-Reported Physical Activity at Summer Care Programs
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Patterson Megan S. , Bridges Hamilton Christina N. , Umstattd Meyer M. Renée
Published: March 2022

Summer is a time of reduced physical activity (PA) for children; however, summer care programs (SCPs) can provide opportunities for children to be active and foster friendships. This study investigated associations between PA and friendship formation at SCPs. Children (ages 8–12 years) from two SCPs reported demographics, PA, and up to five friends at the program. Exponential random graph modeling determined significant factors associated with connections at each time point and between time points. PA was a significant factor in sending and maintaining friendship connections. A further understanding of the social dynamics which assist in the maintenance of PA behaviors during summer may improve the odds children engage in the recommended amounts of PA during this crucial time.
How Rare Is Rare? How Common Is Common? Empirical Issues Associated With Binary Dependent Variables With Rare Or Common Event Rates
Authors: Woo Hyun-Soo , Berns John P. , Solanelles Pol
Published: March 2022

The use of logit and probit models when examining binary dependent variables including those in the form 0/1 (i.e., dummy variables), yes/no, and true/false (hereafter binary DVs) is commonplace. Yet, the appropriateness and effectiveness of such models are challenged when the event rate of a binary DV is rare or common. To better understand the impact on the field of strategy, we undertook a literature review and assessed recently published research in the Strategic Management Journal. We then utilized Monte Carlo simulations with results showing that as event rates become rarer or more common, issues including biased coefficients, standard error inflation, low statistical power to detect significant effects, and model convergence failure increasingly arise. In addition, small sample sizes amplified these empirical issues. Using a strategy example study, we also show how various analytic tools can lead to different findings when empirical models face an extreme event rate with small sample sizes. Based on our findings, we provide step-by-step guidance for strategy researchers going forward.
Double safe suture during cataract surgery on post radial keratotomy patients using clear corneal incisions
Authors: Meduri Alessandro , Oliverio Giovanni , Severo Alice Antonella , Camellin Umberto , Rechichi Miguel , Aragona Pasquale
Published: March 2022

Purpose

the aim of this study is to find a safer surgical approach in cataract surgery on eyes previously treated with radial keratotomy using clear corneal incisions.

Setting

Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Design

Prospective study.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on a group of 20 patients, 21 eyes with 16 RK incisions were evaluated for cataract phacoemulsification. Samples were divided into two groups: Group 1 underwent surgery with pre-operative one corneal stitch along radial keratotomy incisions near the main access site whereas Group 2 underwent modified surgery with two corneal stitches.

Results

After surgery, visual acuity, corneal hysteresis and corneal strength was evaluated. In all cases, an increased visual acuity was observed. Group 1 showed an UCVA of logMAR 0.22 ± 0.14, while group 2 presented a logMAR of 0.1 ± 0.07. Data did not show a statistically significant difference in UCVA after surgery between the two groups ( P = 0.133). Instead, a significant difference in corneal hysteresis (CH), respectively with values of 8.65 ± 1.6 mmHg in group 1 and 9.2 ± 1.8 in group 2 ( P = 0.031), and a corneal resistance factor (CRF) with values of 7.87 ± 1.4 mmHg in the first group and 8.65 ± 1.6 mmHg in the second one ( P = 0.039) was observed.

Conclusions

Double safe suture technique offers better stabilization of corneal structure during surgery in patients preventively treated with 16 incisions RK.
Economic policy uncertainty and international tourist arrivals: A disaggregated analysis of the Croatian Adriatic coast
Authors: Payne James E , Nazlioglu Saban , Mervar Andrea
Published: March 2022

This is the first study to examine the differential impact of Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty indices while controlling for the real effective exchange rate and industrial production on international tourist arrivals for the seven coastal counties of Croatia and the country as a whole. The Toda-Yamamoto long-run causality modeling approach with a Fourier approximation is employed to capture structural shifts. This approach is particularly useful in light of the disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector. The results show unidirectional causality from both Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty indices to international tourist arrivals with the impact of the economic policy uncertainty indices negative and statistically significant across the respective coastal counties. Moreover, the findings show that European economic policy uncertainty exhibits a greater adverse impact on international tourist arrivals relative to Croatian economic policy uncertainty.

JEL Codes: C30; Z30; Z32; Z38
Here is a table: A prolegomenon to a future new evidence scholarship in Africa
Authors: Mosaka Tshepo Bogosi
Published: March 2022

While it has revolutionised Evidence scholarship in the Euro-American world (mainly common law jurisdictions), the New Evidence Scholarship (‘NES’) movement is yet to arrive on African shores. African Evidence scholarship still largely reflects the relatively antiquated ‘golden age of doctrinal Evidence scholarship’, anchored by leading figures such as Bentham, Stephen, Thayer and Wigmore. This essay draws from the clarion call made historically by Biko and Sobukwe, among several other Africans, for Africa to avoid occupying a seat at a table that has already been set for it, typically in Europe. Africa approaches NES relatively late in the game, but it is contended in this essay that this presents the continent with an opportunity to draw insights from the developments of NES in the Euro-American world with a view of making its own contribution to this burgeoning field of scholarship. This essay suggests that the recognition of the special relativity of evidential proof may be a useful foundation for much broader theorising about evidence and proof in Africa. The essay concludes by using two models of proving the conduct and unlawfulness elements of the crime of corruption to illustrate the implications of this probative theory of special relativity.
Effects of a cluster-randomized exercise intervention on cardiovascular health in preschoolers
Authors: Minghetti Alice , Faude Oliver , Donath Lars , Hanssen Henner
Published: March 2022

Primary health prevention in at-risk children is receiving increased attention while less information is available on cardiovascular profile and response to exercise in healthy children. Our study examined the effects of a gross motor skill-based exercise intervention on micro- and macro-vascular health in preschoolers. This is a sub-study of a five-armed clinical trial with six kindergartens and 68 children. Four kindergartens were assigned to the intervention group (INT) and two to control groups (CON). We performed gross motor skill assessment (TGMD-2), static retinal vessel analysis, and measurements of central hemodynamics before and after the intervention. INT received one weekly exercise session for 25 weeks, while CON received no intervention. We calculated linear regressions correcting for age, sex, BMI-percentile, and baseline. We observed favorable effects in TGMD-2 for INT over CON (Cohen’s d = 0.52 95% CI [0.15; 0.90]). Trivial between-group differences were observed in retinal vessel diameters (0.08 < d ≤ 0.29) and trivial to moderate differences in all other arterial stiffness parameters (−0.55 < d ≤ 0.31). Motor-skill based interventions are sensible measures to incorporate physical activity in pre-schools and improve gross motor proficiency at a very young age. The potential of motor skill-based interventions as primordial prevention strategy in healthy preschoolers needs to be further investigated.
Iranian Preschoolers Vocabulary Development: Background Television and Socio-economic status
Authors: Farangi Mohamad Reza , Mehrpour Saeed
Published: March 2022

Children’s early language development is under the influence of several positive and negative factors including television as an input source and family’s socio-economic status. Considering that, this study investigated the effects of these variables on children’s vocabulary development using a quasi-experimental design. To this end, 60 Iranian children, 30 from high and 30 from low socio-economic status, were selected using stratified random sampling. They were divided into four groups based on their background TV exposure and socio-economic status. TOLD-3 was given to the groups as a vocabulary development test before and after a 6-week observation. Results indicated that the high socio-economic-low background group scored higher than the other groups in the vocabulary development posttest while the low socio-economic-low background group scored lower that the other groups. Furthermore, while high background TV had a negative influence on the children’s vocabulary development in families with a high socio-economic status, it had a positive influence on the children in families with a low socio-economic status. These results have some implications for families, first and second language studies.
Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair With Chimney Graft for Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm
Authors: Gaines Sara , Williamson Ashley J. , Park Julie , Babrowski Trissa A. , Milner Ross
Published: March 2022

Thoracoabdominal aneurysms pose technical challenges for endovascular repair due to involvement of visceral and renal vessels. We report a case series of four patients diagnosed with thoracoabdominal aneurysm who underwent complex endovascular repair with Fenestrated Device and chimney grafts (FEVARCh). FEVARCh is a technically feasible approach for repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms that involve renal, superior mesenteric, and celiac arteries for patients not appropriate for open surgical repair. Further studies are needed to understand the implications of resultant Type 1a endoleaks and strategies to minimize the displacement of the main body graft with adjunct chimneys.
Cooling Effects Occur in Hepatic Microwave Ablation At Low Vascular Flow Rates and in Close Proximity to Liver Vessels – Ex Vivo
Authors: Poch Franz G. M. , Eminger Katharina J. , Neizert Christina A. , Geyer Beatrice , Rieder Christian , Ballhausen Hanne , Niehues Stefan M. , Vahldiek Janis L. , Lehmann Kai S.
Published: March 2022

Background. The impact of vascular cooling effects in hepatic microwave ablation (MWA) is controversially discussed. The objective of this study was a systematic assessment of vascular cooling effects in hepatic MWA ex vivo. Methods. Microwave ablations were performed in fresh porcine liver ex vivo with a temperature-controlled MWA generator (902-928 MHz) and a non-cooled 14-G-antenna. Energy input was set to 9.0 kJ. Hepatic vessels were simulated by glass tubes. Three different vessel diameters (3.0, 5.0, 8.0 mm) and vessel to antenna distances (5, 10, 20 mm) were examined. Vessels were perfused with saline solution at nine different flow rates (0-500 mL/min). Vascular cooling effects were assessed at the largest cross-sectional ablation area. A quantitative and semi-quantitative/morphologic analysis was carried out. Results. 228 ablations were performed. Vascular cooling effects were observed at close (5 mm) and medium (10 mm) antenna to vessel distances ( P < .05). Vascular cooling effects occurred around vessels with flow rates ≥1.0 mL/min ( P < .05) and a vessel diameter ≥3 mm ( P < .05). Higher flow rates did not result in more distinct cooling effects ( P > .05). No cooling effects were measured at large (20 mm) antenna to vessel distances ( P > .05). Conclusion. Vascular cooling effects occur in hepatic MWA and should be considered in treatment planning. The vascular cooling effect was mainly affected by antenna to vessel distance. Vessel diameter and vascular flow rate played a minor role in vascular cooling effects.
Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with coeliac trunk occlusion treated with aorto-hepatic bypass and aneurysm resection
Authors: Whitley Adam , Bafrnec Jan , Rokosny Slavomir , Lawrie Katerina , Balaz Peter
Published: March 2022

Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are rare visceral artery aneurysms that may be associated with stenosis of the coeliac trunk. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a symptomatic aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery caused by occlusion of the coeliac trunk due to median arcuate ligament syndrome. The patient was treated with an aorto-hepatic bypass and excision of the aneurysm. We discuss the case and the complexities and controversies in the treatment of this disease.
Disconnection: How Measured Separations From Journalistic Norms and Labor Can Help Sustain Journalism
Authors: Bélair-Gagnon Valérie , Bossio Diana , Holton Avery E. , Molyneux Logan
Published: March 2022

This commentary considers the concept of “disconnection” as a way to understand practices of contemporary digital journalism while advocating for consideration of disconnection as a necessary component of sustainable journalism.
Geographical variations in the use of outpatient diagnostic imaging in Norway 2019
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn M , Gransjøen Ann M
Published: March 2022

Background

Geographical variations in the use of outpatient imaging can reveal inappropriate use of radiological services. Knowledge about these variations is crucial in the strive for appropriate and improved services.

Purpose

To investigate the geographical variations in outpatient diagnostic imaging and analyze variations for main groups of examinations and for specific examinations.

Material and methods

Data on outpatient radiological procedures registered at the Norwegian Health Economics Administration in Norway for 2019 were accessed with county-based population rates for age adjustment accessed through Statistics Norway. Age-adjusted rates were used to calculate high/low ratios, means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation were calculated per 10,000 inhabitants.

Results

There is high geographical variation for PET/CT and PET/MRI and moderate variation for neuroradiological outpatient examinations in Norway in 2019. Variations for the musculoskeletal systems and of thorax, abdomen, and vessels are almost 50%. We find high high-to-low ratios in CT—face (9.7), MRI—elbow joint (8.5), CT of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (6.5) as well as MRI—prostate (6.2). Comparing with data from 2012–5, we find a reduction in variation for some examinations, such as MRI of the hip and MRI of the entire spine, and an increase in variations for others, such as CT of the face and MRI of the elbow joint.

Conclusion

Despite much attention to the problem, we demonstrate substantial variations in radiological services in Norway raising concern with respect to appropriateness, quality of care, equity, and justice. The findings provide important input for quality improvement in radiological services.
Interleukin-1 genetic polymorphisms in knee osteoarthritis: What do we know? A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Budhiparama Nicolaas C , Lumban-Gaol Imelda , Sudoyo Herawati , Magetsari Rahadyan , Wibawa Tri
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Interleukin-1 is the main proinflammatory cytokine in osteoarthritis (OA). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-1 gene cluster (IL-1β, IL-1R1, and IL-1RN) have been determined, but their associations with knee OA remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify the associations between IL-1 SNPs and knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

This meta-analysis and systematic review included all comparative studies published in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. We performed a systematic search to identify relevant studies on the evaluation of the correlation between the IL-1 gene and knee OA published up to February 2020 that met the eligibility criteria. Nine studies on a total of 2256 knees with OA and 3527 healthy knees met the eligibility criteria. Results associated with IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-1R1, and IL-1RN SNPs were extracted and compared between knees with OA and healthy knees. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). All studies with fair or good quality were included.

Results

The meta-analysis showed that the risk of knee OA is decreased by the IL-1RN*1 and IL-1RN*1/*1 genotypes and increased by the IL-1RN*2 and I-L1RN*1/*2 genotypes. The systematic review revealed only two studies associating the IL-1RN allele, none associating the IL-1B polymorphism, and only one study associating IL-1A and IL-1R1 polymorphisms with knee OA.

Conclusions

Several IL-1RN alleles and genotypes play a role in knee OA but other genetic variations in the IL-1 region were still conflicting in its association with knee OA.