bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clay and organic matter applications on the coarse quartzy tailing material and the sorghum growth on the post tin mining at Bangka Island
Authors: Nurcholis M , Wijayani A , Widodo A
Published: September 2024

Artisanal mining on the island ofBangkaleaves a lot of damaged landsurfacecoveredbycoarse-sized tailings that are dominatedby thequartz mineral and it causes soil to be extremely unfertile. The objective of the present research wastounderstand the impact of the clay and organic matter(OM) applications on the tailingsforsupportingthe growth of anadaptiveplant whichis usedinthe present studyissorghum. Thestudywas conducted on the artisanal mine closure land at Pangkalpinang, theclaymaterial andcow dung were collected fromlocally near location. Land was preparedby constructingfour treatments, i.e.: control, OM + NPK, clay + OM,andclay + OM + NPK. The amendment materialswereapplied by mixing the tailing on the 30 cm wide and depth on eachplantingstripwith a distance of70 cm. Sorghumseedswere plantedwith a spacingof 20 cm. Wateringplants was done byutilizingthe waterpitat the beginning ofgerminationand plant growth. The results showed thatsorghumgrownandsurvivedonlyonemonthinthe control treatment. Sorghumgrowthis verygoodon the treatment ofclay+OM+NPK, while the othertwo treatmentsresult instuntedgrowth ofsorghum. <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"
Land degradation is indicative: proxies of forest land degradation in Ghana
Authors: Peprah K
Published: September 2024

How is land degradation measured? The aim of the paper is to address this research question. At the premise, the paper states that land degradation as one of the truth claims of environmental science, is not directly monitored and detectable. Observers rely on indicators to know land degradation. The issues are illuminated by theoretical reference based on the notion of critical political ecology which tries to combine realist biophysical predictions and socio-political constructions.Â  A methodology which mixes literature review, group discussion and field work produces a set of indicators of land degradation. Indigenous farmers used the indicators to spot land degradation in the forest ecosystem of Ghana. The results reveal physical indicators of ironpan formation in farms, uphill and downhill respective lost and gain of soil fertility, roots and building foundations exposed by soil erosion and river channels that do not carry running water even in the raining season. There are biological indicators of invasive species and termite infestations as well as socioeconomic indicators of poverty implicitly taken as indicators of land degradation. The paper concludes that land degradation includes multifaceted set of processes measured by variable and error-filled indicators operating at various spatial, temporal, economic and cultural scales.
Cyclic Vinyl Ethers as the Products of Cyclisation of 2,5,5-Triethyl-2-alkynyl-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-oxyls
Authors: ГУЛЬМАН М.М. , ДОБРЫНИН С.А. , ГАТИЛОВ Ю.В. , КИРИЛЮК И.А.
Published: September 2024

2,5,5-Триэтил-2-алкинил-3,4-бис(гидроксиметил)пирролидин-1-оксилы (алкинил = ССR, где R = Н (2), С(Ме)2ОН (1), Ph (7)) при нагревании с гидроксидом натрия претерпевают циклизацию с образованием циклических виниловых эфиров – производных 6-метилен-гексагидро-1H-фуро[3,4-b]пиррол-1-оксила. Бициклический радикал, полученный из радикалов 1 или 2, в присутствии кислот способен обратимо присоединять спирты по винильной группе. В кислой среде в присутствии ацетата ртути циклизация радикала 7 проходит иначе, с образованием 2,2,7a-триэтил-3-(гидроксиметил)-6-фенил-1,2,3,3a,4,7a-гексагидропирано[4,3-b]пиррол-1-оксила.

2,5,5-Triethyl-2-alkynyl-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-oxyls (alkynyl = CºCR, and R = H (2), C(Me)2OH (1), Ph (7)) undergo cyclisation on heating with sodium hydroxide to form cyclic vinyl ethers, the derivatives of 6-methylene-hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1-oxyl. A bicyclic radical derived from radicals 1 or 2 is capable of reversible addition of alcohols to the vinyl group in the presence of acids. Cyclisation of radical 7 in the acid environment in the presence of mercury acetate follows a different route, with the formation of 2,2,7a-triethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,3a,4,7a-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrrole-1-oxyl.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of 2-[4-(2-Methacryloyl)-piperazine-1-ylmethyl]-9Н-thioxanthen-9-one-S,S-dioxide and Its Copolymer with Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: ОДИНЦОВ Д.С. , ИРТЕГОВА И.Г. , ОСЬКИНА И.А. , ШУНДРИНА И.К. , ШУНДРИН Л.А.
Published: September 2024

На основе 2-(пиперазин-1-илметил)-9Н-тиоксантен-9-он-S,S-диоксида и метакрилоилхлорида синтезирован 2-[4-(2-метакрилоил)-пиперазин-1-ил-метил]-9Н-тиоксантен-9-он-S,S-диоксид 1, представляющий собой электрохимически активный мономер, последующая радикальная сополимеризация которого с метилметакрилатом приводит к электроактивному сополимеру (PMMA-co-ThxSO2) с соотношением метилметакрилатных фрагментов цепи и пендантных (боковых) групп 9Н-тиоксантен-9-он S,S-диоксидной структуры, равным 95 : 5 соответственно. Методом циклической вольтамперометрии показано, что электрохимическое восстановление (ЭХВ) соединения 1 в ацетонитриле (MeCN) является двухэлектронным двухстадийным процессом с образованием долгоживущих анион-радикала на первой одноэлектронной стадии и нестабильного дианиона на второй стадии. Электрохимическое восстановление PMMA-co-ThxSO2 связано с восстановительной электрохимической активностью пендантной группы, а его механизм сходен с механизмом ЭХВ мономера 1. Данное соединение представляет собой полимер с пендантными группами, играющими роль эффективных ловушек электронов при транспорте заряда внутри тонкой пленки сополимера, и может быть использован в технологиях резистивной памяти (ReRAM – Resistive Random Access Memory) в качестве активного рабочего слоя мемристоров.

2-[4-(2-Methacryloyl)-piperazine-1-ylmethyl]-9H-thioxanthen-9-one-S,S-dioxide 1, an electrochemically active monomer, has been synthesised from 2-(piperazine-1-ylmethyl)-9Н-thioxanthen-9-one-S,S-dioxide and methacryloyl chloride. Subsequent radical copolymerisation of the synthesised compound with methylmethacrylate leads to an electroactive copolymer (PMMA-co-ThxSO2) with the ratio of methyl methacrylate fragments in the chain to the pendant (side) groups of the 9Н-thioxanthen-9-one S,S-dioxide structure equal to 95 : 5, respectively. It has been shown by cyclic voltammetry that the electrochemical reduction (ECR) of 1 in acetonitrile (MeCN) is a two-electron and two-stage process, with the formation of long-living radical anion at the first one-electron stage and unstable dianion at the second stage. Electrochemical reduction of PMMA-co-ThxSO2 is due to the reductive electrochemical activity of the pendant groups, and its mechanism is similar to the ECR of monomer 1. This compound is a polymer with pendant groups that play the role of efficient electron traps during charge transport inside the thin copolymer film, and it can be used in the resistive memory technologies (ReRAM – Resistive Random Access Memory) as the active working layer of memristors.
Activity of bats (Chiroptera) in extensive livestock systems in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Chacón Pacheco Julio Javier , Pacheco Guerra Car Luis , Ballesteros Correa Jesús
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Extensive cattle ranching in tropical dry forest areas (TDF) has caused the transformation of natural ecosystems and altered the behavior of associated organisms, generating variation in activity patterns. In bats, the activity pattern is affected by the composition and vegetation structure of the ecosystem, and by the climatic season (dry and rainy). Objetive: In this study, the effect of conventional management systems (CS) and silvopastoral (SPS) of extensive livestock management on the bat activity patterns in the Colombian Caribbean was determined. Methods: The activity pattern of bats in TDF fragments associated with CS and SPS was compared within an annual cycle. The daily activity patterns of 11 species with records of more than 10 days in within management systems were determined. Results: Greater bat activity was recorded during the rainy season. We found that although bats show behavioral adaptation to the different management systems, in TDF fragments associated with SPS there is greater bat activity throughout the year, compared to the activity recorded in CS. Species with higher energetic requirements and degree of specialization (Phyllostomus hastatus, P. discolor and Glossophaga soricina) modified their activity patterns between CS and SPS management types. Conclusion: The TDF fragments associated in SSP, due to the vegetation composition and structure, probably favor the constant supply of resources suitable for the bats assemblage stability.
Integridad biótica de la Laguna del Mar Muerto, México, basada en peces
Authors: Monzón Hernández Luis Edson , Peralta Meixueiro Miguel Ángel , Aguilar Ballina José Manuel , Rivera Velázquez Gustavo , Vega Cendejas María Eugenia
Published: September 2024

Introducción: La laguna Mar Muerto es un ecosistema caracterizado por una gran productividad, de la cual dependen diversos organismos que la habitan; también es un sistema susceptible a impactos ambientales. Por lo anterior, se han desarrollado índices que permiten conocer el grado de alteración por causas naturales y/o antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de perturbación de la laguna Mar Muerto, mediante un índice de integridad biótica (IBI) basado en la ictiofauna. Métodos: De diciembre 2019 a marzo 2021, se establecieron 12 estaciones de muestreo en la laguna. La elaboración del índice de integridad biótica fue a partir de la recopilación de datos de las variables hidrológicas (salinidad, NO2, NO3, PO4, pH, OD, T, CE, transparencia y SDT) y la clasificación de las especies ícticas según su composición y riqueza; seguido de un índice de calidad de agua y hábitat (ICAH), elaborado a partir de la caracterización y clasificación de las estaciones de muestreo en función de variables fisicoquímicas. La correlación de los dos índices permitió evaluar la efectividad del IBI. Resultados: 65 especies fueron reportadas para la laguna, de las cuales Lile gracilis, Oligoplites altus, Eucinostomus currani y Gerres simillimus se registraron con mayor frecuencia. Sólo la estación 10 presentó una integridad biótica pobre (IBI = 26), el resto presentó un IBI regular (IBI = 30 – 44), siendo la estación nueve la que presentó el valor máximo calculado (IBI = 42). La valoración del IBI de la laguna demostró que ésta presenta una integridad biótica promedio considerada “regular”. Conclusión: A través de este trabajo, se comprobó la funcionalidad del IBI modificado para la laguna Mar Muerto, permitiendo evaluar el grado de conservación presente y compararlo con trabajos previos.
Una vida controlada por la corriente: comportamiento de reotaxis del langostino de río Macrobrachium tenellum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Peña-Almaraz Omar Alejandro , Castillo-Jiménez Hilda Elena , Vargas-Ceballos Manuel Alejandro , Badillo-Zapata Daniel , Chong-Carrillo Olimpia , Vega Villasante Fernando
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Las corrientes de arroyos y ríos son señales naturales que influencian las migraciones en el ciclo de vida de langostinos anfídromos. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de reotaxis en juveniles y adultos de Macrobrachium tenellum, con relación a su capacidad de respuesta a diferentes velocidades de flujos de corriente de agua en un sistema experimental de circuito cerrado. Métodos: Se utilizó un sistema de tubos PVC, con una tina para la recirculación del agua y un remanso colocado a la mitad del sistema. Se probaron flujos de agua de 10-30 cm/s para establecer las condiciones experimentales. Se evaluó el comportamiento de reotaxis sin remanso (SR) y con el remanso (CR); se probaron tres flujos de agua: FI, 14 cm/s; FII, 18.7 cm/s; y FIII, 22.1 cm/s, y un flujo control FC, 0 cm/s, con 40 juveniles, 40 hembras y 40 machos por flujo. Se identificaron tres comportamientos principales: reotaxis positiva, reotaxis negativa y sin reacción. Resultados: Tanto para SR como CR los flujos de agua estimulan mayormente la reotaxis positiva y la respuesta de comportamiento es diferente según la velocidad del flujo de agua y si son juveniles, hembras o machos. En CR hubo una mayor respuesta de los langostinos a seguir nadando en contra de la corriente cuando estos ingresaban al remanso. En un ángulo recto, el flujo de agua constante superior a 23.2 cm/s dificulta el nado contra corriente de esta especie. Conclusiones: La respuesta de reotaxis positiva fue la que mayor predominó en juveniles, hembras y machos de M. tenellum.
Notes on the natural history and identity of the pelagic sea snake Hydrophis platurus (Serpentes: Elapidae) from Golfo Dulce, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Authors: Solórzano-Lopez Alejandro , Sasa Mahmood
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The pelagic sea snake Hydrophis platurus has the broadest distributional range of all the snakes and is the only sea snake of tropical waters off the west coast of the Americas. Within the variation in the color pattern of this species, completely yellow specimens were considered very rare or occasional. However, a yellow pattern dominates a population established in the interior of the Golfo Dulce in the Southern Pacific of Costa Rica. Objective: We studied the abundance, activity patterns, morphometry, and feeding behavior of the yellow H. platurus within the Golfo Dulce. Methods: Between February 2009 and July 2018, we conducted surveys for sea snakes from a boat within the perimeter of the Golfo Dulce. Results: Adults from the gulf population are smaller than the bicolor oceanic population, with females having larger bodies. Sea snakes within the gulf float and move with surface currents without being linked to drift lines and debris. These snakes are mainly found in clean, calm waters with little turbulence. They feed on a wide diversity of small fish, which they capture using passive stalking predatory behaviors floating on the surface. Prey are quickly captured and swallowed alive. This species has an almost total absence of predation, a pattern that extends to this yellow population. Conclusions: The characteristics of the gulf and the direction and strength of the surface currents at its entrance might restrict the transit of this yellow population to the outside and the entry of the bicolored snakes of the oceanic population. We do not consider making taxonomic changes in this Golfo Dulce population prudent. This yellow population is relatively common within the basin. However, the high tourist traffic and other activities are risk factors for its conservation. Protection policies must be created to preserve and protect this small population of yellow sea snakes unique within this species' distribution range.
Supralittoral isopod (Oniscidea) diversity at three ecoregions along the Colombian Caribbean: useful data for environmental management
Authors: López-Orozco Carlos Mario , Carpio-Díaz Yesenia M. , Borja-Arrieta Ricardo , Campos-Filho Ivanklin Soares , Taboada-Verona Carlos , Navas S. Gabriel R.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) play important roles in the ecological processes of the soil in tropical ecosystems and are employed as indicators of environmental impact. Despite their importance, studies on the ecology of this suborder in the Neotropics are scarce. Objective: To assess spatial changes in alpha and beta diversity of Oniscidea in the supralittoral zone across Archipiélagos Coralinos (ARCO), Magdalena (MAG), and Morrosquillo (MOR) ecoregions in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: We conducted Direct Intuitive Searches of specimens and measured soil temperature and moisture in 19 transects with logs, leaf litter, coral remains, and decomposing plant material. Results: A total of 1 970 individuals representing 17 species were collected, with Tylidae, Halophilosciidae, and Ligiidae being the most abundant families. Alpha diversity orders were higher in ARCO than MAG and MOR ecoregions. MAG and MOR differed in observed richness. The structure of the assemblage varied in dominant species and abundances. In ARCO, the indicator species were Tylos niveus, Littorophiloscia denticulata, Halophiloscia trichoniscoides, and Ligia baudiniana; in MOR, it was Tylos marcuzzii, and in MAG, it was Littorophiloscia tropicalis. High beta diversity (> 60 %), with significant differences in the assemblage structure among ecoregions, was confirmed by the NMDS, which distinctly separated each group. CCA analysis revealed a negative relationship between most species with soil temperature and moisture, with a positive relationship observed with T. marcuzzii. Conclusions: This is the first effort to describe spatial changes in the diversity of oniscideans in the supralittoral zone of the Neotropical region, providing a baseline for future studies. This information could be instrumental in identifying priority areas for conservation efforts.
Riverside High School - One of the First Schools in the United States to be LEED Certified
Authors: Nasser George D.
Published: September 2024

Energy-efficient, environment-friendly, and sustainable design features were built into this all-precast concrete, three-story high school facility in the southeast United States. This project will be one of the first high schools in the country to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Sustainability and Precast Prestressed Concrete
Authors: Marshall Robert
Published: September 2024

This article gives background information on the development of LEED Canada Durable Building Credit MRc8 and details how project teams might earn this durability credit as an innovation credit in the United States.
Inspection and maintenance important for equipment and facilities
Authors: Galarnyk Timothy G.
Published: September 2024

With proper inspection and maintenance routines, private owners, operators, and contractors can avoid disasters.
IMPACTS OF SHAPE FACTORS ON CONDUCTING FIELD AND OSCILLATORY THERMAL VARIATIONS INTO AN OPTICALLY THIN RADIANT UNSTEADY HYBRID NANOFLUID IN A CHANNEL
Authors: Kumar Poojitha Sampath , Hanumagowda B. N. , Pavithra K. M. , Varma S. V. K. , Mamatha S. U. , Raju C. S. K. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2024

Numerous scientific fields have made extensive use of nanofluids for a wide variety of purposes. In recent years,
nanofluids have significantly improved thermal conductivity, opening up a variety of new applications in industry and
commerce. The role of porous media in the heat transport of nanoparticles is the primary focus of our investigation.
The behavior of the shape factor with the hybrid nanofluid is considered. The equations that govern the given problem
were solved using suitable transformations. The graphs are utilized to examine the flow model for various pertinent
parameters. The obtained graphical results and table values show a keen relationship between the temperature and the
velocity against the variations of the radiation parameter, porous medium, shape factor, Reynolds number, Grashof
number, and other variables. The Péclet number and thermal radiation parameter are found to have a negative impact on the fluid's temperature and velocity, as indicated by the visual representation of the solutions. Viscous forces slow the flow of the fluid, while buoyant forces predominate. In contrast to spherical-shaped nanoparticles, blade-shaped nanoparticles exhibit the greatest increase in temperature and velocity. The heat is transferred from the fluid to the plate. In contrast to spherical-shaped nanoparticles, blade-shaped nanoparticles exhibit the greatest increase in velocity by 1.61%. An optimum rate of heat transfers of up to 189.805% and 86.96% is obtained at the plates y = 0 and y = 1, respectively. In the absence of a porous medium, the hybrid nanofluid maximizes its heat and volume flow rate by
approximately 1.97% and 1.986%, thereby aiding in controlled flow and thermal management within the channel.
A decomposition analysis of Agents
Authors: Chen Mingjiang
Published: September 2024

Agents and Causers are standardly analyzed as external arguments introduced by v or Voice. According to this approach, the two arguments are independent and unrelated. However, evidence from the distribution patterns of various adjuncts (nonarguments) in change-of-state verbs suggests that the verbal structure provided by the standard analysis is not fine-grained enough and requires revision. To address this issue, I propose decomposing the Agent-introducing head (v or Voice) into Voice and Appl. Specifically, I suggest that Voice introduces Causers, while Appl introduces Affectees. Both arguments are atomic and primitive, meaning that they cannot be further divided and are capable of combining with each other to form other types of arguments. I argue that Agents are derived through movement from Spec, ApplP to Spec, VoiceP, and are therefore composite, consisting of both Causers and Affectees. This decomposition analysis offers a new perspective on the Animacy Restriction observed in aspectual si constructions and ditransitive alternations. Compared to the standard analysis, it accurately predicts that Agents alternate with Causers and Affectees. Additionally, it naturally extends to unergatives.
The Continued Absence of the LGBTIQA+ Community in School History Textbooks in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: MalulekaI P , Godsell S
Published: September 2024

School history textbooks in South Africa are essential teaching and learning materials for most history teachers and learners, because they are often the only materials used to engage with the past. These textbooks are also considered to contribute to the construction of an ideal citizenry, as well as fostering national identity, unity, and reconciliation (Bertram and Wassermann 2015; Bam, Ntsebeza and Zinn 2018). However, our concern is that while textbooks appear to be used to construct an ideal citizenry who is supposed to have reconciled and united into one national identity, there also appears to be a concerted effort to exclude, within both the written and visual texts of the textbooks, those South Africans who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer/Questioning, Asexual, and many other identities (LGBTIQA+). Through abyssal and post-abyssal epistemology as our theoretical frameworks, and critical discourse analysis as our tool of analysis we were able to investigate how four history textbooks across four grades within the Senior and Further Education and Training phase that we purposively and conveniently sampled continue to exclude LGBTIQA+ contributions and experiences within the knowledge base of the school history curriculum, despite the pivotal role some played during the struggle against apartheid. We have since concluded that the erasure of the LGBTIQA+ community amounts to another dehumanising act against this group of people that is epistemic, existential, and ontological in nature. We also argue that this act denies all history teachers and learners, irrespective of their sexual orientations, the opportunity to engage with diverse historical contributions and experiences of all South Africans.
[Erratum] Non-invasive brain stimulation in craving disorders: evidence-based umbrella review
Authors: Sá Katia Nunes , Goulardins Juliana Barbosa , Sá Maristela Nunes , Baptista Rachel Fontes , Tanaka Clarice , Shirahige Livia , Monte-Silva Kátia , Baptista Abrahão
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: The use of brain stimulation in the control of craving disorders is controversial, mainly in relation to the best target, technique, duration, frequency and parameters. Several meta-analyses have been published, and their data should be summarized to support the best evidence-based clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To provide the best level of evidence for the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the control of craving disorders. METHODS: Umbrella review registraded on Prospero (CRD42021239577), and conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. The methodological quality and evidence level were assessed through AMSTAR, AMSTAR rank and GRADE. RESULTS: A total of 81 meta-analyses were screened and the final analysis was made on 10 studies including 224 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) enrolling 5,555 patients. The main targets of stimulation were the right, left and bi-hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. The studies used anodal tDCS, and high-frequency rTMS. The protocols with the larger effect sizes were anodal tDCS with 2mA, for 30 minutes over the right DLPFC (g=0.45; 95%CI 0.328-0.583; p<0.001), and high-frequency rTMS (10Hz), with 100% of the resting motor threshold, over the left DLPFC (g=1.116; 95%CI 0.597-1.634; p<0.001). The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate because of inconsistencies mainly due to sample heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: The results of 10 meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of NIBS in the control of craving disorders are robust regarding the effect sizes and provide evidence that bi-hemispheric tDCS and high-frequency rTMS over the DLPFC are effective in the control of craving disorders. However, the evidence level is from low to moderate.
Evaluation of occupational risks due to acoustic emissions from laboratories at the UPC – Peru, 2022
Authors: Huaman Alania Genaro Enrique , Aramburú Rojas Vidal Sixto , Ortiz Barreto Jorge Alberto Ortiz Barreto , Choque Perez Wendy Liliana
Published: September 2024

An analysis of the hearing risk was carried out in the Mining Management Engineering laboratory of the UPC - Chorrillos, in the first stage of the investigation the noise level of 9 pieces of equipment in the laboratory was evaluated, finding that the jaw crusher, disc pulverizer , ball mill, extractor and core cutter exceed the LMP with averages of 90.61, 91.13, 92.18, 92.68, and 89.89 dB, respectively. In the second stage, the noise dose was monitored in 6 people, in the laboratory and 4 adjacent areas, revealing that the members of the laboratory were exposed to 87.21 and 86.64 dB, exceeding the LMP, the surrounding rooms showed exposures of 31.87, 32.78, 30.72, and 29.29 dB in the administrative office. In the third stage, a survey was conducted with 87 people indicating that 14% perceived the noise from the equipment as constant and continuous, 100% of the teachers, 80% of the administrative staff and 73% of the students feel discomfort due to the noise. noise in their work areas and 25% of respondents experienced physical discomfort due to noise.
CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphism rs1333049 is associated with advanced carotid artery atherosclerosis in a Slovenian population
Authors: Letonja Jernej , Petrovič David , Petrovič Danijel
Published: September 2024

Several studies have reported an association between the 9p21 region in the human genome and atherosclerosis. The rs1333049 polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CDKN2B-AS1, located in the 9p21 region. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the rs1333049 polymorphism and advanced carotid atherosclerosis, as well as its effect on CDKN2B expression in endarterectomy sequesters. In our case-control study, we included 881 participants, divided into two groups. The case group comprised 308 participants with advanced atherosclerosis of the internal or common carotid artery (stenosis > 75 %) who underwent a revascularization procedure. The control group included 573 participants without hemodynamically significant carotid atherosclerosis. We analyzed the rs1333049 polymorphism using the StepOne real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. We found a statistically significant association according to the co-dominant (P=0.014, OR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.32-8.91, and P=0.015, OR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.22-5.37) and dominant (P=0.006, OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.36-5.71) models. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of CDKN2B expression on 26 endarterectomy sequesters. The C allele of rs1333049 was associated with a lower numerical area density of CDKN2B-positive cells in atherosclerotic plaques. In conclusion, the C allele of the rs1333049 SNP is associated with an increased risk of developing advanced carotid atherosclerosis and lower CDKN2B expression in the plaques.
Quick estimation of molecular weight from gel images with an ImageJ macro, MolecularWeightEstimator v2
Authors: Ohgane Kenji
Published: September 2024

This protocol shares an ImageJ macro that enables easy and quick estimation of molecular weights from gel electrophoresis images, including the agarose gel electrophoresis for nucleic acids and the SDS-PAGE for proteins. By selecting the bands (size markers and samples of unknown size) and running this macro, you can estimate the size of your bands based on the curve fitted to your size marker data.
Muscular dystrophy associated with the DMD gene in women
Authors: Vorontsova E. O. , Zinina A. V. , Shchagina O. A.
Published: September 2024

Dystrophinopathies are a spectrum of X-linked muscular disorders associated with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the dystrophin gene (DMD). Typically, the condition develops in males, but cases of symptom manifestation have also been described in females. The review presents contemporary data on the manifestations of dystrophinopathies in women with pathogenic variants in the DMD gene, discussing the reasons for the varying degrees of symptom expression in carrier women with pathogenic/ likely pathogenic variants. It discusses the importance of mutation screening in the DMD gene for women presenting with muscular dystrophy symptoms and investigating carrier status in relatives of patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy.
Steroid myopathy in patients with myasthenia gravis: a literature review
Authors: Zaytsevskaya S. A. , Suponeva N. A. , Antonova K. V. , Grishina D. A. , Narbut A. M.
Published: September 2024

Steroid myopathy is a common drug-induced non-inflammatory myopathy that affects patients requiring long-term glucocorticoid treatment for various autoimmune, inflammatory and oncological diseases. According to the neurology clinical practice guidelines, non-fluorinated glucocorticoids are the first-line pathogen-directed therapy for a number of dysimmune neuromuscular disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Long-term high-dose steroid treatment regime for myasthenia gravis leads to both acute and chronic development of glucocorticoids-induced proximal muscle weakness and atrophy. Steroid myopathy, along with other undesirable side effects of glucocorticoids therapy, impact health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment. Hence, further studies are required to expand our knowledge of clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing and prevention approaches for glucocorticoids-induced myopathy. The aim of this literature review is to analyze existing data on pathogenesis, diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for steroid myopathy.
Combined Treatment with Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and SCD Probiotics Reduces Oxidative Stress in Lung Tissue of Aged Rats
Authors: Baba Burcu , Allahverdi Hüseyin
Published: September 2024

Aging is associated with an increased level of oxidative stress, resulting from an elevated production of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to cellular and tissue damage, particularly in the lungs. This study examined the effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and SCD Probiotics, both individually and in combination, on oxidative stress markers in the lung tissue of aged Sprague-Dawley rats. The primary objective was to assess the potential of these agents in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, which are indicative of oxidative damage and inflammation. The results showed that TUDCA significantly decreased MDA and AOPP levels, suggesting its role in maintaining mitochondrial stability and inhibiting apoptotic pathways. SCD Probiotics also demonstrated a reduction in AOPP levels, highlighting their immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the combined treatment of TUDCA and SCD Probiotics led to a more pronounced decrease in both MDA and AOPP levels, along with a significant reduction in MPO activity. This suggests a synergistic interaction that enhances the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the individual treatments. These findings support the therapeutic potential of TUDCA and SCD Probiotics in mitigating oxidative damage in aging lung tissues, proposing that their concurrent use could be an effective strategy against age-related oxidative stress. Further research is warranted to explore these effects across different models and long-term applications.
Construction and Legalization of an Unauthorized Construction as Ways to Form Buildings, Structures
Authors: Imekova M. P.
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes such methods of formation of buildings, structures, as the construction and legalization of unauthorized construction. Construction as a way of forming buildings and structures is regulated by the norms of urban planning legislation. These norms establish three methods (procedures) of construction: permissive, under notification and simplified. The legal significance of the above classification of construction methods lies in the fact that each of them sets different requirements for the construction of buildings and structures as capital construction objects, and also defines its beginning and certifies completion in different ways. As the study showed, the permissive method is the only way of construction that obtained unambiguous legal regulation in the current urban planning legislation. The notification method of construction is similar to the permissive one, and the simplified method is an exception method that is established in relation to capital construction facilities of various levels of responsibility, as well as non–capital buildings and structures. It is proved that buildings and structures from the position of norms of urban planning legislation acquire the status of objects of completed construction not from the moment of obtaining permission for commissioning, as is commonly believed in the legal literature, but from the moment of the actual possibility of their operation in accordance with their functional purpose. This possibility can be verified in two ways: by obtaining a permit for commissioning or other document provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation; by starting the actual operation of the facility. The legalization of unauthorized construction is an exceptional way of forming objects such as buildings and structures that can be used under strict observance of certain conditions. Legalization of an unauthorized construction involves either the elimination of violations of the norms of urban planning and other legislation committed during construction, or the statement of the fact that such construction meets the established requirements. In both cases, the fact of the possibility of operating an unauthorized building in accordance with its functional purpose is confirmed in accordance with the established procedure.
Detention of Persons Engaged in Entrepreneurial and other Economic Activities: Updated Legislation and Current Narratives of Judicial Practice
Authors: Goncharova V. A.
Published: September 2024

For the first time, provisions on special rules for the election of a preventive measure in the form of detention of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity appeared in domestic legislation in 2010. Since that time, the relevant regulatory provisions have repeatedly undergone minor changes, having significantly changed in 2019, when the legislative indication for the commission of a crime in the «sphere of entrepreneurial activity» was replaced by an indication of the status of a person suspected or accused of committing a crime related to his entrepreneurial or other economic activity. In pursuit of the goals of greater liberalization of criminal proceedings and protecting entrepreneurs from the unjustified use of procedural coercion measures in accordance of the public danger of crimes committed by them, in 2023 the law-maker again updated the provisions on detention, providing for regulation that at first glance could ensure their achievement. At the same time, as the analysis of judicial practice shows, the ongoing legislative changes have not solved the main problems of applying the appropriate preventive measure, since they have not clarified the content of the concept of entrepreneurial activity for the purposes of Article 108 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and have not determined the mechanism for establishing a link between this activity and the crime committed by the entrepreneur. The paper analyzes the approaches existing in the doctrine and law enforcement to solving these problems, suggests ways to resolve them that can ensure the achievement of the goals of humanization of criminal prosecution brought against entrepreneurs.
Participation of Minors in Operational Search Relations
Authors: Semenchuk V. V. , Larichev V. D.
Published: September 2024

Statistics on juvenile delinquency indicate that over the past decade, the level of serious and especially serious crimes committed by these individuals has remained relatively stable. In such a situation, the important tasks of law enforcement agencies are the timely detection and suppression of crimes committed by minors and their removal from the criminal environment through individual prevention. Effective solution of these tasks is impossible without the implementation of operational investigative activities. In this regard, a study was carried out regarding participation of minors in operational search relations in two main roles: as persons providing assistance to subjects of operational search activities and as objects of operational search activities. Within the framework of the first direction, legislative regulation of the conditions for the provision of assistance to minors is proposed: written consent of legal representatives and minors themselves, if they have not reached the age of 16; ensuring the safety of minors by employees of the operational unit; the introduction of additional safeguards for the assistance of minors. Within the framework of the second direction, proposals have been prepared concerning the conditions for conducting operational investigative measures against persons under the age of criminal responsibility. The issue of the need to involve legal representatives and teachers in conducting a public survey of minors was also raised for academic and practical discussion.
Clinical relevance of plasma cystatin C in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in preterm infants
Authors: Volkova Anastasia A. , Kozlova Elena M. , Novopoltseva Ekaterina G. , Shunkina Galina L. , Kolchina Anastasia N. , Rakhmanova Nadezhda A. , Shmeleva Anastasia O.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury is one of the most common syndromes in premature neonates requiring treatment in intensive care units. Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in these patients is extremely difficult due to lack of specific signs, morphofunctional immaturity, low sensitivity and specificity of renal dysfunction markers.
AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the clinical significance of plasma cystatin C concentration in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in premature newborns in the early neonatal period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design was a primary, prospective, non-randomised study including 100 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 37 weeks and birth weight up to 1500 g. Indicators of renal functional status (creatinine, diuresis rate, cystatin C) were assessed on the first, third and seventh days of life.
RESULTS: Low birth weight (p = 0.001; OR = 0.226), the need for invasive control mechanical ventilation (p = 0.012; OR = 6.32) and inotropic therapy (p = 0.025; OR = 4.99) are associated with a high risk of acute kidney injury development. A direct correlation was found between the presence of acute kidney injury, plasma creatinine (p = 0.001, r = 0.688) and cystatin C (p = 0.001, r = 0.689) levels. The first increase in plasma creatinine levels relative to basal levels in preterm neonates with acute kidney injury was noted from the third day of life, which was statistically significant compared to those of children without acute kidney injury (91.0 vs 57.0 mmol/l; p 0.001). The concentration of cystatin C in patients with acute kidney injury is increased from the first day of life (1.85 vs 1.57 ng/ml) and continues to steadily increase by the seventh day of life (2.27 vs 1.84 ng/ml; p 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentration of cystatin C in preterm neonates with acute kidney injury is observed from the first day of life and increases in dynamics, which allows us to consider it a highly sensitive and significant marker of renal dysfunction in the early neonatal period.
Modern concepts about lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (review)
Authors: Kotova Nadezhda N. , Shcherbak Vladimir A. , Shcherbak Natalia M.
Published: September 2024

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is a rare heterogeneous autosomal recessive heterogeneous genetic disorder whose manifestations often result in severe morbidity and mortality. The development of the disease is associated with the accumulation of cholesterol esters and triglycerides in organs and tissues, which in turn leads to the development of atherosclerosis, hepatosplenomegaly, liver cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome and other symptoms. The true prevalence of the disease is unknown, the estimated incidence in Russia is 1 : 100,000–150,000 of the child population. Depending on the residual activity of the enzyme, 2 variants of the clinical course of the disease are distinguished. The most severe and also rare variant is Wolman’s disease, identified and described in 1961 by Israeli neurologist Moshe Wolman. This disease progresses during the first year of a child’s life and in most cases, due to the difficulties of diagnosis, leads to the death of patients. A milder but more common variant of LAL-D, occurring in children over one year of age and adults, is cholesteryl ester storage disease, described in 1968. The nonspecificity of symptoms of LAL-D at an early stage leads to the fact that the diagnosis of this condition is prolonged or missed by clinicians. An increase in liver enzymes in combination with hepato- and splenomegaly, dyslipidemia should alert the doctor and lead to early diagnosis of LAL-D even at the outpatient stage of examination, thereby increasing the duration and quality of life of patients. Differential diagnosis is carried out with Gaucher disease, Niemann–Pick disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and other storage diseases. The main method of treatment is enzyme replacement therapy with sebelipase-alpha. Studies have shown its effectiveness in increasing the life expectancy of patients. It is recommended to use a multidisciplinary approach in the management of patients with LAL-D at all stages, since the disease is characterized by damage to many organs and systems and requires complex therapy. The biochemical and pathophysiological processes occurring in the body with deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase are considered.
A clinical case of liver iron overload in a child with liver cavernoma and extrahepatic portal hypertension
Authors: Belykh Natalia A. , Kotova Polina O. , Piznyur Inna V. , Gavrilova Valeria V.
Published: September 2024

Iron overload syndrome is a pathological condition that occurs as a result of congenital disorders of its regulation, as well as due to repeated hemotransfusions, hemolytic anemia or excessive intake of iron preparations. Accurate data on the prevalence of secondary liver iron overload are not available in the literature. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for assessing iron overload, however, non-invasive methods, in particular magnetic resonance relaxometry, also allow for an accurate quantitative assessment of the body’s iron overload. In secondary iron overload, chelation therapy is the only therapeutic option to prevent excessive accumulation of iron in tissues, which reduces complications and improves patient survival. The presented clinical case in a 5-year-old child is interesting for a combination of factors contributing to the formation of liver iron overload, as well as the rapid development of hyperferritinemia. The boy has a history of prolonged neonatal jaundice. At 6 months old, the child was first diagnosed with grade 2 iron deficiency anemia, splenomegaly and liver cavernoma were detected during abdominal ultrasound, and therefore the child was referred for consultation to a surgeon. At the age of 1.5 years old, the boy underwent surgical treatment — the formation of splenic-renal anastomosis due to the danger of bleeding from dilated veins of the esophagus. However, in the postoperative period, the failure of the anastomosis was noted, and therefore an H-shaped mesenteric-caval anastomosis was performed. At 2 years old of age, a planned examination revealed an increase in ferritin to 1149.2 ng/ml. During the molecular genetic study, hereditary hemochromatosis was excluded. After the start of chelation therapy, there was a decrease in ferritin levels in dynamics and with its normalization in October 2023, therapy was canceled. The boy is currently under the supervision of a hematologist, a pediatric surgeon and a pediatrician. The clinical case demonstrates the peculiarities of the course of liver iron overload in a child with liver cavernoma and extrahepatic portal hypertension, which required a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment.
АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ САНКЦИЙ НА СЕКТОР ПОСЛЕПРОДАЖНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО РЫНКА
Authors: Н.О. Диков
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется влияние внешнеэкономических санкций на автомобильный сектор страны, на неустойчивое поведение основных игроков отрасли и общее экономическое состояние рынка. Выявлено нетипичное поведение предприятий, осуществляющих деятельность в сфере реализации автомобильной продукции и ее послепродажного обслуживания. Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с приспособлением предприятий к новым условиям, возникающим в контексте внешнеполитических и экономических ограничений. Анализируются инновационные подходы и стратегии, которые позволяют компаниям поддерживать стабильность и эффективность деятельности в условиях экономических трудностей. Подчеркивается важность адаптации и поиска новых стратегических возможностей для сохранения конкурентоспособности и устойчивости в условиях переменчивости внешнеэкономической среды. Представленный в работе анализ будет полезен российским участникам автомобильного рынка.

The article analyzes the impact of foreign economic sanctions on the Russian automotive sector, which directly affect the unstable behavior of the main players in the industry and the general economic state of the market. The analysis has identified the atypical behavior of enterprises operating in the field of automotive sales and after-sales service. The article analyzes innovative approaches and strategies that allow companies to maintain stability and efficiency in the conditions of economic difficulties. The research results are important not only for the development of modern scientific thought, helping to solve the scientific problem of predicting the onset of crisis phenomena, but also have a practical significance, helping market players to more correctly perceive external signals and take appropriate measures to reduce risks and maintain industry stability. The presented analysis will be useful to Russian participants in the automotive market.