bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fernando Pessoa: processo heteronímico e a Filosofia de Alberto Caeiro
Authors: Godoy Marília Gomes Ghizzi , Maria Vitor Henrique dos Santos
Published: July 2023

: Neste artigo, apresentamos a relação de Fernando Pessoa com a Literatura, o processo heteronímico de Pessoa e a filosofia de Alberto Caeiro. Neste estudo, temos, como hipótese, a filosofia de Alberto Caeiro enquanto heterônimo e personalidade poética conhecido por “mestre ingênuo”. Temos três objetivos, a saber: (i) verificar a importância de Fernando Pessoa e Alberto Caeiro no âmbito literário; (ii) descrever os conceitos implementados na filosofia de Caeiro e (iii) discutir analiticamente seus conceitos baseados em suas obras. O corpus selecionado para este estudo, na área de literatura, foram trechos de obras assinadas por Alberto Caeiro. O que justifica essa escolha é o fato de Fernando Pessoa ter criado diversas personalidades poéticas e Alberto Caeiro ter se destacado dentre os outros heterônimos. O arcabouço teórico que sustenta este trabalho são os estudos sobre Fernando Pessoa dos seguintes autores: Gomes (1987), Pais (2012) e Gomes; Guaranha (2019), sobre Álvaro de Campos, de Moisés (2007) e os estudos de Literatura e Heteronímia de Aguiar C. e Aguiar T. (2017). A metodologia utilizada é teórica e analítica. Os resultados alcançados confirmam que Fernando Pessoa tinha uma relação extremamente próxima com a Literatura e criou, de forma espontânea, uma personalidade poética com filosofia própria. Dessa forma, evidenciamos que Alberto Caeiro possui uma vasta linha de pensamento em suas obras, abordando sobre os mais diversos assuntos, sendo possível extrair conceitos de essência filosófica e literária, explicando o motivo de ser conhecido como “mestre ingênuo”.
A comunidade envolvida no bullying escolar
Authors: Leal Flávia Daniela Bosi
Published: July 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre a comunidade que se desenvolve em torno das situações de Bullying Escolar. Buscamos promover uma revisão bibliográfica destacando os principais aspectos de pesquisas já realizadas que buscaram compreender os papeis que os indivíduos assumem em situações de Bullying escolar, e quais iniciativas podem ser adotadas a fim de reduzir os danos causados nessas situações. As reflexões partem, em primeira instância, da compreensão dos posicionamentos dos autores Luciene Regina Paulino Tognetta e Telma Pileggi Vinha (2019), e a partir de suas publicações, introduziu-se algumas pesquisas citadas por elas para compor o arcabouço teórico deste artigo. Como objetivos específicos temos as definições acerca dos papeis da vítima, do agressor e da plateia; apontamentos sobre o posicionamento da instituição escolar e das famílias; e informações sobre a atuação das equipes de ajuda em situação de bullying escolar. Este artigo amplia a perspectiva sobre a temática do bullying nas escolas, uma vez que destaca a importância da comunidade envolvida, que vai para além da vítima e do agressor, e inclui, fundamentalmente, a postura da plateia, que são aqueles que presenciam as agressões, destacando as contribuições que a implementação de equipes de apoio pode trazer para reduzir a gravidade dessas situações, além da influência de familiares e da própria comunidade local. Compreendendo a dinâmica dessa comunidade, torna-se possível adotar políticas mais efetivas para o combate ao Bullying nas escolas.
A gestão financeira nas Instituições de Ensino Superior do setor privado no Brasil: desafios que se renovam
Authors: Tavares Sergio Marcus Nogueira , Shimidt de Paula Fernando
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo trata da evolução histórica, social, política e legal da gestão financeira das instituições de ensino superior no Brasil. A partir da ideia de que educação é direito público subjetivo e universal por força constitucional, descortinamos que o Estado não possui as condições necessárias para aquinhoar todos os brasileiros e, por isso, com as reformas educacionais realizadas na década de 1990 estão autorizadas a atuar no país instituições de ensino superior de natureza privada com fins lucrativos. O mercado se abriu a novos empreendedores que passaram a competir entre si, sendo então imperiosa a valorização da gestão financeira, atuação que ganhou corpo e importância nos últimos anos, agindo de forma proativa e com o apoio de novas tecnologias. Demonstraremos que o gestor financeiro passou a ser o principal assessor do dirigente máximo da organização e que a gestão financeira está na vanguarda da administração desse tipo organizacional, responsável por atuar interna e externa na busca das melhores oportunidades e resultados.
CORM QUALITY OF TARO UNDER IRRIGATION LEVELS AND DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES
Authors: Li Meiling , Deus Angélia Cristina Fernandes , Ming Lin Chau , Barbosa Aline Gonçalves
Published: July 2023

Irrigation amount is an important factor in the development of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott), however, there is little information focus on effects of water scheme on its corm quality under different soil textures. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the taro corm quality in response to five irrigation levels (20%, 60%, 100%, 140% and 180% ETc - crop water requirement) under three soil textures (clay, sandy clay loam, and sandy soil) in a greenhouse. Results indicated that corm number total (CNt) and corm diameter (CD) of taro decreased with reduced irrigation levels, higher values were detected at 140%ETc and 180%ETc in all soil types. CD and CNt performed better in sandy soil than in other two soils, especially in water scheme lower than 100%ETc. In general, total sugar (TS), reducing sugar (RS), and starch content (SC) of taro corm performed better in higher water regime, except that for protein content (PC). Taro corm had higher TS and SC in sandy soil, while lower PC was observed in the same soil treatment. Overall, higher water level was more beneficial to improve corm quality, and SS could be more suitable for taro cultivation under water stress.
Intermittent Development of Central Place Systems: The Dynamics of Unification and Breakup
Authors:   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dmitriev Ruslan V. , Gorokhov Stanislav A. ,   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Agafoshin Maksim M. ,   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

Relevance. The development of central place theory has been hindered by its static nature, as it fails to capture transitions between equilibrium states in central place systems. This long-standing problem remains unsolved since the theory's inception 90 years ago. This article presents a solution by examining the cases of system unification and system breakup, where previously independent systems merge or split. Research objective: The study aims to identify the conditions under which central place systems resume continual development following revolutionary transformations in their structure. Data and methods: The research analyzes census data from India (1947-2011) and Yemen (1973-2004) using equations based on the axioms of central place theory. The study also considers isostatic equilibrium as the foundation of central place system structures. Results: The effect of intermittence on the steady evolution of a central place system diminishes rapidly after the unification of two independent systems. In contrast, the adaptation of elements from a previously unified system to new conditions, including reinstating the former hierarchy and spatial structure, takes significantly longer after a system breakup. The study introduces a novel perspective, highlighting that the unification of central place systems tends to lead to progress, whereas the breakup of a unified system results in degradation. Conclusions: The true benefit to a central place system lies not solely in achieving isostatic equilibrium but in maintaining a secure and optimal structure. While these concepts share similarities, they may appear more distinct when examining the central place system as a whole. Equilibrium represents an optimal state for individual hierarchy levels rather than the entire system.
Research and Nonresearch Industry Payments to Nephrologists in the United States between 2014 and 2021
Authors: Murayama Anju , Kamamoto Sae , Kugo Hinari , Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko
Published: July 2023

Significance Statement

Concerns about the financial relationships between nephrologists and the health care industry have been reported in the United States over the past decade. However, since the 2014 launch of the federal transparency database, Open Payments, few documents have explored the whole picture of research and nonresearch payments to US nephrologists from industry sources. In this study, the authors found that 87% of nephrologists have received nonresearch payments, and the aggregate amount of these payments has been increasing since 2014. Only 12% of nephrologists received research payments; these recipients were disproportionately male. In addition, the top 5% of nephrologists receiving nonresearch funds received 81% of all such payments. Nonresearch payments were larger among male nephrologists than among female nephrologists and increased by 8% annually among male nephrologists between 2014 and 2019.

Background

Financial relationships between nephrologists and the health care industry have been a concern in the United States over the past decade.

Methods

To evaluate industry payments to nephrologists, we conducted a cross-sectional study examining nonresearch and research payments to all US nephrologists registered in the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System between 2014 and 2021, using the Open Payments database. Payment data were descriptively analyzed on the basis of monetary value, and payment trends were evaluated by using a generalized estimating equations model.

Results

From 2014 through 2021, 10,463 of 12,059 nephrologists (87%) received at least one payment from the US health care industry, totaling $778 million. The proportion of nephrologists who did not receive nonresearch payments varied each year, ranging from 38% to 51%. Nonresearch payments comprised 22% ($168 million) of overall industry payments in monetary value but 87% in the number of payments. Among those receiving payments, the median per-physician 8-year aggregated payment values were $999 in nonresearch payments and $102,329 in associated research payments. Male nephrologists were more likely than female nephrologists to receive research payments, but the per-physician amount did not differ. However, nonresearch payments were three times larger for male nephrologists and increased by 8% annually between 2014 and 2019 among male nephrologists but remained stable among female nephrologists. The top 5% of nephrologists receiving nonresearch payments received 81% of all such payments.

Conclusions

Between 2014 and 2021, 87% of US nephrologists received at least one payment from the health care industry. Notably, nonresearch payments to nephrologists have been increasing since the Open Payments database's 2014 launch. Male nephrologists were more likely than female nephrologists to receive research payments.
Modelo para la construcción de proyecto de terapia antibiótica domiciliaria endovenosa en Cali, Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Gómez Quiñones Mayra Constanza , Patiño Ospina Yully Andrea , Castrillón Vargas Carlos Humberto
Published: July 2023

La terapia antibiótica domiciliaria endovenosa (TADE) es una alternativa que permite reducir los costos y las complicaciones asociadas a la hospitalización convencional de pacientes que necesitan tratamiento antimicrobiano intravenoso, pero se encuentran estables clínicamente. El parámetro más importante para asegurar el éxito del programa es la selección adecuada y cuidadosa de pacientes por parte del equipo multidisciplinario que conforma esta modalidad. Existen formas de implementar esta variante terapéutica y todas estas cuentan con ventajas e inconvenientes que se deben valorar en función de las circunstancias que engloban a cada paciente y cada hospital. Se trata de una modalidad en la que se evalúan de forma individual todas las necesidades. Por lo tanto, las infecciones y los antibióticos candidatos, la elección del acceso venoso y los dispositivos de infusión serán competencia del equipo que conforma este proyecto bajo la política de calidad y seguridad del paciente.
Repackaging the General Prejudice Principle in Suretyship Agreements as a Breach of Contract under South African Law
Authors: Goetsch John-Martin
Published: July 2023

Historically, if a creditor through his conduct prejudiced or injured a surety in the latter's rights or interest, the surety was entitled to claim release from his obligations under the general prejudice principle. However, the principle was summarily rejected by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bock v Dubororo Investments (Pty) Ltd 2004 2 SA 242 (SCA), and it may now be determined whether there exists another interpretation in order to ensure its survival. This article considers the historical application of the general prejudice principle in suretyship agreements under South African law since the principle’s original incorporation from the English law up until its outright rejection by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bock. It then aims to reinterpret the principle in the light of ordinary contract law principles as being nothing more than a breach of contract by the creditor.
DOMAIN NAME PROTECTION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Frans E Marx
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the legal mechanisms that are available when one is dealing with domain name disputes. It describes the domain name system and contrasts this with other forms of intellectual property. The different types of domain name conflicts are discussed and the legal measures available for protection of domain names as intellectual property are highlighted. Reference is made to national protection measures such as the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 and common law protection of intellectual property. Certain international legal mechanisms such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation’s rules with regard to online domain name dispute resolution and the United State’s Anticybersquatter Consumer Protection Act of 1999 are also discussed as these measures have a direct influence on some domain names of South African businesses. Lastly the changes to domain name dispute resolution procedures envisaged by the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 are discussed.Since the advent of e-commerce a new species of highly valuable intellectual property has developed. Although there are remarkable similarities between domain names and “common law trade marks” and trade marks protected by the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 there are also important differences, which cause uncertainty and confusion when disputes involving domain names arise. These differences flow mainly from the unique characteristics of domain names. The purpose of this note is to investigate the domain name system as it is used in South Africa, to compare domain names and trade marks, and to look at the protection mechanisms which an aggrieved party may have at his or her disposal if he should find that his business name or trade mark (or something similar) is being used by a domain name registrant in a way that conflicts with his interests. In addition, a short comparison of how these problems are addressed by the international community, particularly the USA and Britain, will be made.
ON THE DECONSTRUCTIBILITY OF THE LAW FROM A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Narnia Bohler-Müller
Published: July 2023

The legal theories tackled in this article are the complex ones of postmodernism, deconstruction and feminism, which are admittedly worth far more than a brief exploration. I therefore urge the reader to keep in mind that this remains a playful exploration of some exciting ideas and is not a complete or universal thesis.Firstly, I explore Derrida‟s influential work on the force of law and its deconstructible nature. Secondly, I turn to Van der Walt‟s deconstruction of the bridge metaphor in South African constitutionality as an example of the deconstructibility of the law in a local context. In the final paragraphs some questions are raised which we need to ask ourselves when we claim that we live in a postmodern world with postmodern values and deconstructible rights.
Síndrome burnout y miedo a infección del Covid 19 en trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Moyobamba, San Martín
Authors: García Flores Delicia Esther , Rengifo Arévalo Zully Yussara , Ramírez Vega Celina
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: determinar la relación significativa entre síndrome de burnout y miedo a infección del COVID-19 en los trabajadores de la municipalidad de Moyobamba. Metodología: diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y tipo correlacional, los participantes estuvieron integrados por 300 trabajadores de ambos sexos de 18 a 55 años, asimismo los instrumentos que se emplearon fueron el Cuestionario de síndrome de burnout de Maslach y la Escala de preocupación por el contagio del COVID-19. Resultado: no existe correlación significativa entre síndrome de burnout y miedo a infección del COVID-19 (Rho=0,104; p>0,05), así también para las dimensiones de síndrome de burnout: Agotamiento emocional (Rho=0.70; p > 0,05) Despersonalización (Rho=0.092; p > 0,05), Realización personal (Rho=0.044; p > 0,05). Conclusión: no existe relación significativa entre síndrome burnout y miedo a infección del COVID-19 en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Moyobamba.
The Other Kind of Utopia, Or How Social Justice Is Possible in the World of Those Loving One’s Non-Neighbor
Authors: Trotsuk Irina
Published: July 2023

Martha Nussbaum is a famous American philosopher and an incredibly prolific author who published more than twenty books and five hundred articles on a wide range of issues of “good living” — from the fragility of goodness and poetic justice, love of country and cultivating humanity to the intelligence of emotions and the new religious intolerance (and this is not an exhaustive list). Unfortunately, only two books have been translated into Russian — Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities (2014) and Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice (2023). The first book is thematically focused and aims at proving both the flawed interpretation of education as an exclusively tool for economic growth and the value of the humanities and arts for the high quality of life and prosperity of democratic states. The second book also emphasizes the importance of education and the arts, compassionate citizenship and the pursuit of the common good, is based on personal observations of life in the United States and India, promotes the ideas of social justice and equality, but on a higher level of generalizations, relying on the author’s previous research and adding the most important emotional “ingredient” of social order — love. The article is an attempt to show the undoubted strengths of this great book (rich in research, concepts and illustrations) and its (more doubtful) limitations which are due primarily to the book’s implicit expectation of the reader’s awareness of its conceptual foundations (previous works of Nussbaum), and the past decade’s peculiar effect on its ideological, conceptual and illustrative content.
Valoración automática de inmuebles residenciales mediante modelos de Machine Learning
Authors: Guijarro Martínez Francisco
Published: July 2023

La literatura reciente sobre valoración inmobiliaria ha aportado diversas evidencias en el ámbito internacional sobre el buen desempeño de los modelos de machine learning en la predicción del comportamiento de los precios, sobre todo si se comparan con los obtenidos por los denominados métodos tradicionales valoración, muy extendidos sobre todo en la práctica profesional. Con todo, se siguen remarcando algunas limitaciones como el diseño de caja negra y la dificultad en la interpretación de los resultados proporcionados por estas técnicas. Este trabajo tiene por objeto comparar los resultados y el desempeño de diferentes modelos de machine learning aplicados en el ámbito de la valoración inmobiliaria residencial. Para ello se ha recopilado una amplia base de datos con ofertas de inmuebles en la ciudad de Madrid, que permite dividir la muestra en los grupos de entrenamiento y test. La comparación entre los modelos se ha llevado a cabo a través de diferentes métricas, entre las que destaca el MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) por ser uno de los preferidos por las sociedades de tasación. Las métricas utilizadas confirman un buen rendimiento generalizado para el conjunto de modelos entrenados, con variaciones relativamente pequeñas tras el proceso de validación.
Effects of the supply reduction in the peer-to-peer market for tourist accommodation on the housing market
Authors: Benítez-Aurioles Beatriz
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the supply of peer-to-peer accommodation and the housing market. Using data from Barcelona between 2018 and 2021 we take the variation in Airbnb density in neighbourhoods induced by the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment and observe its effect on rents and housing prices. According to these estimates, using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) under a Differences-in-Differences (DiD) framework, the reaction of prices to an exogenous COVID-19 shock that reduces Airbnb density in 1% is of 7% for rents and of 39% for purchase prices, which is significant and in line with model predictions and current research.
Formation of the Ukrainian religious and ethical lexicon in the 16th and 17th centuries (based on the Epistle to Galatians)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, LEVKO Oleksandr
Published: July 2023

The article explores the origins of the Ukrainian language ethical lexicon in biblical written monuments of the early modern period. It traces the rendition of the vices and virtues catalog in the Epistle to the Galatians (Gal. 5:19–23) in the Krekhiv Apostle, a manuscript of the 2nd half of the 16th century, in comparison with the Church Slavonic Ostroh Bible of 1581, as well as lexicographical works of the 17th century, in particular Pamva Berynda’s “Lexicon”, and Ukrainian translations of the Bible of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Epistle to the Galatians contains one of the most extensive New Testament catalogs of ethical values/anti-values. The vices and virtues in Gal. 5:19–23 form axiological oppositions, which indicate the values of verbal, emotional, behavioral, and social interaction between members of society. The Krekhiv Apostle uses Old Ukrainian and Church Slavonic words to nominate virtues and vices in the Epistle to the Galatians. More than half of the words in the ethical catalog of Gal. 5:19–23 in the Krekhiv Apostle differ from the usage of the Ostroh Bible. Most of these words are indicated as belonging to the “prosta mova” in lexicographical works of the 17th century, in particular in Pamva Berynda’s “Lexicon”. Two thematic subgroups of ethical vocabulary denoting vices in Gal. 5:19–21, namely vices of the corporal and emotional-volitional spheres, show a high level of variability in usage of the Old Ukrainian words instead of Church Slavonicisms in written monuments of the early modern period. Ukrainian biblical translations of the 19th and 20th centuries – in particular those of Panteleimon Kulish, Ivan Levytskyi and Ivan Pului (1905), Ivan Ohiienko (1962), and Ivan Khomenko (1963) – inherited some of the words of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century “prosta mova” to denote religious and ethical values/anti-values in Gal. 5:19–23, e. g., within the thematic groups of “debauchery”, “apostasy”, and “anger/discord”. The biblical written monuments of the early modern era laid the foundation for the traditions of Ukrainian Bible translation and paved the way for the formation of the Ukrainian linguistic usage in the field of religious communication.
Psycholinguistic aspects of honomymy
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, GAPCHENKO Olena
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to an experimental study of assimilation, storage and functioning features of homonyms in the Ukrainian speaker’s lexicon. One of the effective methods of researching homonymy is an unbound nonrestrictive associative experiment which allows to deepen the knowledge about the assimilation, interpretation, compatibility, functionality and use, including false ones, of homonyms in speech. The main object of analysis was the speakers’ associative reactions to homonymous stimuli obtained during a unbound associative experiment. The content and structure of the associative meaning of lexical homonyms, the types of verbal associative connections of stimuli-homonyms and words-reactions are studied. The analysis outcome of the obtained associative reactions establishes that the number and nature of associative reactions are determined by the degree of relevance of homonymous stimuli for informants. Homonymous stimuli evoke more paradigmatic associative reactions than syntagmatic ones in informants for whom this language is native. There have been identified the factors affecting the actualization (manifestation in the informants’ reactions) of a certain component of the homonymous group. The informant’s age and knowledge of different languages significantly influence the association process. The most frequent were attributive reactions caused by characteristic features of the object such as quality, property, function, significant detail for the speaker, etc., and situational ones where reactions associated with a certain situation or its component. Subjective-definitive reactions containing an explanation of the stimulus word, were also numerous. The strategies of associating homonymous stimuli caused by the influence of age, gender and other informants’ characteristics are analyzed. Due to experimental studies, the homonymy phenomenon receives a more extended interpretation than presented in lexicographic sources.
Farklı Kuramsal Perspektiflerden Özel Güvenlik ve Özel Güvenlikleştirme
Authors: Alpkutlu Menderes
Published: July 2023

Nitel bu çalışmayla ağırlıklı olarak özel güvenliğin iç güvenliğe yansıması, “özel güvenlikleştirme” kavramı üzerinden ele alınmış ve kuramsal havuzdaki pozisyonu irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel argümanı “Stresli ve riskli yaşam şeklinin sonuçlarından biri görülen özel güvenlik, ağırlıklı olarak Batı’ya uyarlı niteliği ve farklı güvenlik kuramlarıyla gerekçelendirilebilecek niceliğiyle hayatın en tenha noktalarına dahi sokularak tartışmalı bir niceliğe ulaşmıştır.” olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın ana bulguları şunlardır: Özel güvenliğin, güvenlikleştirmede yüksek pay sahibi olduğu; sektörün, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki nitelik-nicelik dengesinin değişkenlik arz ettiği; hizmette, küresel ölçekte markalaşmış bir yapılanmaya ihtiyaç duyulduğu; Türkiye’nin, kadim güvenlik kodları üzerinden sektörü yeniden yapılandırma imkanına sahip olduğu ve son olarak ise özel güvenliğin, çifte standartlar barındıran halihazırdaki perspektifinin sürdürülmesi halinde, her an meşru zeminden savrulacak riskler barındırdığı temalarında düğümlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak “Özel güvenlikte, eğitim odaklı bir iyileştirme yapılmadan, kapsamlı etkinlik ve verimlilikte bir hizmet standardı yakalanamaz” tezine ulaşılmaktadır.
The Effectiveness of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Building the Capacity of Local Police Forces: Case of Kosovo
Authors: Aslantas Alptekin , Özdal Barış
Published: July 2023

Kosovo has historically been the scene of ethnic-driven regional conflicts among the communities. After the disengagement of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, the conflicts that had begun with the independence declarations of the Republics of SFRY eventually evolved into ethnic disputes between Serbs and Albanians. As the United Nations (UN) failed to resolve the conflict by diplomatic means, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) initiated an air campaign to stop armed attacks by Serbian Military Forces on the Albanian civil communities. The UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was established in 1999 to restore peace and stability in Kosovo. One of the mandated tasks of the UNMIK was to establish the local police known as Kosovo Police Service (KPS) and to build its capacity. The objectives of this research are to determine whether the UNMIK was effective and successful in building the KPS’s capacity. A set of new success criteria is developed and applied to evaluate the success of UNMIK in this mandated task. Data for this study were collected using official reports of the UN and the crime statistics of the KPS. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that UNMIK was successful in establishing a local police force.
The Coat of Arms of Kamionka – Sources and Content
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland Poland, Giergiel Tomisław
Published: July 2023

The article presents the history of the Kamionka coat of arms in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The author presents the genesis, sources and content of the coat of arms used by the city authorities in the eighties of the sixteenth century. It was a golden period in the city's development. The author also presents other heraldic and sphragistic sources that may affect the process of creating the city's coat of arms. This analysis was submitted to the local government of Kamionka, which obtained city rights on January 1, 2021, and began preparations for the establishment of the coat of arms and other symbols. They were completed on November 30, 2021 with the adoption of a resolution on the establishment of the symbols of the Kamionka Commune and the rules for their use based on the conclusions presented here.
The Karśnicki Family in Central Poland in Epigraphic Sources from the 16th–18th Centuries
Authors:   University of Lodz, Poland, Szymczak Alicja , Szymczak Jan ,   University of Lodz, Poland
Published: July 2023

The Karśnicki family from Łęczyckie and Sieradzkie are related to 4 epigraphic monuments. The first, now lost, recorded only in the work of Szymon Starowolski, Monumenta Sarmatarum, concerns Barbara Sarnowska, after her husband Sasin Karśnicka, buried in Łowicz in 1583, next to her uncle, the archbishop of Gniezno, Jan Przerębski. Three other monuments are located in the former Bernardine church in Ostrzeszów and concern members of the family Fundament Karśnicki, Jastrzębiec coat of arms: a baroque epitaph of Tomasz wojski (tribunus) of Ostrzeszów (died 1707), the tombstone of his son Jerzy Florian, lieutenant colonel in the service of the field hetman Stanisław Rzewuski, stolnik (dapifer) of Wieluń (died 1742) and the tombstone of Kazimierz judge of the Wieluń (died 1797), son of Franciszek of Kierzno, stolnik (dapifer) of Ostrzeszów and grandson of Tomasz. The authors present the genealogy of both families, family connections and political activity.
August II Wettyn’s Posthumous Medals
Authors:   Independent researcher, Poland, Rokita Jan
Published: July 2023

The author describes in detail a number of examples of medallic, graphic and artistic works associated with the medals of August II Wettyn. The most important goal of the creators of these medals was to popularize the figure of the deceased ruler – August II Wettyn – in commemoration of whom the medals were made. The main purpose of the research work was to demonstrate the relationship between the described monuments of art.
When the Köln Version of the Apparent Foundation Charter of Ląd Abbey Was Transumed?
Authors:   Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland Poland, Pytel Marcin
Published: July 2023

The article investigates the problem of when the longer version of the apparent foundation charter, the so-called Köln version was transumed. In my view, it is possible to date it at 1261, which is the date of its fabrication and confirmation of the monastery properties. Later, in my article, I am trying to show how Ląd monks had their properties and privileges confirmed during the trial with the Dolany inhabitants at the beginning of the 14th century.
Chancelleries of Free City of Krakow – Preliminary Research Results
Authors:   Pedagogical University of Krakow, Poland, Drzewiecki Bartosz
Published: July 2023

The article concerns the office system of the Senate of the Free City of Krakow and other institutions functioning in this country in the years 1815–1846. Due to the lack of in-depth research as well as certain similarities in the structure of the preserved to this day archive groups of the Free City of Krakow and Galician institutions, e.g., magistrates, there is a widespread belief that they belong to the same Austrian model. This is evidenced by the coexistence of subject and chronological-number schemes in the documentation arrangement and, perhaps, a similar physical form of archival units. The influence of the Napoleonic period on the Krakow chancellery is omitted. This article draws attention to the fact that it was the system of offices of the Duchy of Warsaw that could have had a decisive influence on the office system of the Free City of Krakow.
Cistercians from Monasteries Dissolved in 1819 in the Diocese of Sandomierz. A Biographical and Prosopographical Study
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland, Stępień Robert
Published: July 2023

The subject of the biographical and prosopographical analysis were the convents of three Cistercian monastery, in Koprzywnica, Sulejów and Wąchock, which during the dissolution in 1819 were within the borders of the Sandomierz diocese. The personal composition of the monasteries in the initial period of suppression consisted of a total of 55 monks. In the first stage of the research, a biographical index was prepared, which was used to analyze the social, national and territorial origins as well as the numerical and age structure of the discussed communities. The post-dissolution fate of the monks was also the subject of scientific reflection. The primary source material is comprised by general and personal files of the clergy, diocesan and monastic schematisms, as well as parish files and record books.
From Archive to Archive. Comments on the Functional and Organizational Evolution of Archival Units in Voivodeship Committees of the PPR/PZPR
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland, Czarnota Tomasz
Published: July 2023

The subject matter of the activities of the PPR and PZPR archives is certainly not a research tabula rasa, but many facts relating to it are quite poorly known. In particular, this applies to the organizational and functional evolution of the provincial segment in the archival division taking place between the fifth and seventh decade of the 20th century. This article aims to bring to light a lot of unknown or inaccurate information on this subject. This applies to e.g., to knowledge about the nature of the KW PPR archives – historical archives par excellence, collecting only documents recognized as valuable historical sources and intended to store them perpetually. A problem as significant as it is elusive in scientific circulation is the functioning of the voivodeship current records repositories of PZPR in the years 1949–1953, about which there is usually false information that they were created only in 1953, along with information about their different and lower grade than the archives of the KW PPR. the rank of current (transitional) archives, obliged to successively transfer the collected archives to the „central party archive” (Department, and later the Establishment of Party History of the Central Committee of PZPR). One of the most interesting, and at the same time completely unknown, facts about this matter is the failure to implement in 1956 the resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the PZPR on the transformation of the current records repositories of the Voivodeship Committees of the Polish United Workers' Party into archives – contrary to the information disseminated on this subject, it did not take place until 1962. In this context, it should be clearly noted that in this case it was not only about a cosmetic change of names, but also about transforming them into administrative and historical archives, entitled to a professional elaboration of their resource, which was to be their resource stored perpetually, more widely than previously made available to historians, primarily party historians. This article, which presents many new facts, including, among others, the internal party context of delays in transforming the KW PZPR current records repositories into their archives, was primarily aimed at showing the process of the organizational and functional transformation of the „party archive service” lasting several years.
The Oldest Bells of the Lubliniec Region
Authors:   Independent researcher, Lubliniec, Poland Poland, Janik Maciej
Published: July 2023

The collection of oldest bells in the Lubliniec region is too modest in terms of quantity to draw general conclusions. Their value is revealed against the background of certain more common features of their proper resource context. It is believed that the context for them is formed primarily by Silesian bell foundry monuments with centers in Nysa and Wroclaw, and the production of Czech bell foundry workshops in the second place. Unfortunately, this statement should also remain research intuition in the face of still poor state of research on Upper Silesian epigraphy, heavy losses in the Upper Silesian campanological resources, and, finally, the persistent existence of components of the resource outside the places of their historical existance (Germany). The analyzed monuments, located in a small area bordering Silesia, carry content relevant to bell epigraphy in Central Europe. In terms of inscription writing, they confirm a certain inertia of the duration of Gothic minuscule and the attractiveness of Proto-Renaissance capital in Silesian foundry workshops.
The Rules of the Classification and Disposal of Official Documents in the Customs Administration Structures in the Russian Empire of 1864
Authors:   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland, Latawiec Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

In the first half of the 19th century in the structures of the Finance Ministry’s Department of External Trade in the Russian Empire there were no operating regulations enabling the classification and destruction of documents produced as a result of the operation of state administration offices. A gradual increase in documents resulting from bureaucratic processes had a direct influence on the preparation of rules that enabled the classification of records and files, and assigning them the categories of perpetual or temporary storage in the archives of offices. Furthermore, the regulations issued in 1864 made it possible to destroy documents unnecessary for the further operation of customs offices in the territory of the Romanov monarchy. The rules introduced in 1864 were in force until the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia.
Konsep Butterfly Effect dalam Psikologi Positif
Authors: Faliha Muthmainah
Published: July 2023

The butterfly effect is a term used in various studies, including psychology. Not too down to earth; however, some figures use this term. In this case, the writing of this article is to dig deeper into the concept of the butterfly effect from a positive psychology perspective. The idea of the Butterfly effect in positive psychology refers to the fact that small actions taken by one person can significantly impact themselves and other people or the environment around them. The method used is a literature review. The results obtained from the literature search show the term butterfly effect in positive psychology often uses the term effervescent or ripple effect. By paying attention to small practices such as promoting kindness, sincerity, and optimism, these small actions can contribute to happiness, well-being, and attachment to those around us. Ultimately, the Butterfly effect in positive psychology can positively impact mental and physical health and the overall social well-being of individuals, communities and even the nation.
Abstrak
Butterfly effect merupakan istilah yang digunakan dalam berbagai studi termasuk psikologi. tidak terlalu membumi namun, beberapa tokoh menggunakan istilah ini. Dalam hal ini tulisan dari artikel ini untuk menggali lebih dalam konsep butterfly effect dalam perspektif psikologi positif. Konsep Butterfly effect dalam psikologi positif mengacu pada fakta bahwa tindakan kecil yang dilakukan oleh satu orang dapat memberikan dampak yang besar pada dirinya dan orang lain atau lingkungan sekitarnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelusuran pustaka, istilah butterfly effect dalam psikologi positif sering mengunakan penggunaan istilah effervensce atau ripple effect. Dengan memberikan perhatian terhadap praktik-praktik kecil seperti mempromosikan kebaikan, ketulusan, dan optimisme, maka perbuatan kecil ini dapat berkontribusi pada kebahagiaan, kesejahteraan, serta keterikatan pada orang di sekitar kita. Pada akhirnya, Butterfly effect dalam psikologi positif dapat berdampak positif pada kesehatan mental dan fisik serta kesejahteraan dan sosial secara menyeluruh pada individu, komunitas bahkan bangsa sebagai suatu kesatuan.
Dampak Penggunaan E-learning Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Tingginya Angka Penderita Miopi
Authors: Muhammad Hazel Bayu Perkasa  , Novian Arif Ramadhan  , Naudiana Wihadini  , Iqlima Pratiwi
Published: July 2023

Learning using e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic has made the learning system in schools online. The learning system causes the intensity of our eyes to see the screen to increase which causes an increase in the number of myopia sufferers. Myopia is one of the health problems that can cause blindness. Therefore, we wrote this article to examine the impact of using e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the high number of people with myopia. This article uses the literature review method through journals that are relevant to the topic discussed. The results of this study prove that the number of myopia sufferers increased by 59.35% during the Covid-19 pandemic. The implementation of lockdown makes the learning system carried out using online e-learning methods make us stare at gadget screens beyond the capacity of our eyes which causes a reduction in the sharpness of our eyes. In addition, reduced activity outside the home leads to an increase in the number of diopters associated with the development of myopia symptoms. In patients with myopia, there is a longer axial length that adds to the effect of secondary ocular sequelae, making a person experience eye disorders that are difficult to cure.
Abstrak
Pembelajaran menggunakan e-learning selama pandemi Covid-19 membuat sistem belajar di sekolah menjadi online. Sistem pembelajaran tersebut menyebabkan intensitas mata kita melihat layar meningkat yang menyebabkan bertambahnya angka penderita miopi. Miopi merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Maka dari itu, artikel ini kami tulis untuk mengkaji dampak penggunaan e-learning selama pandemi Covid-19 terhadap tingginya angka penderita miopi. Artikel ini menggunakan metode literature review melalui jurnal-jurnal yang relevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikkan bahwa angka penderita miopi bertambah sebesar 59,35% selama pandemi Covid-19. Penerapan lockdown membuat sistem pembelajaran dilakukan menggunakan metode e-learning secara online membuat kita menatap layar gadget melebihi kapasitas mata kita yang menyebabkan berkurangnya ketajaman mata kita. Selain itu, berkurangnya aktivitas di luar rumah menyebabkan peningkatan pada jumlah dioptri yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan gejala miopia.  Pada pasien dengan miopi terdapat panjang aksial yang lebih panjang sehingga menambah efek gejala sisa okuler sekunder sehingga membuat seseorang mengalami gangguan mata yang susah disembuhkan.
Social Media Campaign: Thrifting sebagai Pencegahan Limbah Tekstil Fast Fashion
Authors: Ayu Dear Pangesti  , Bernadet Cahyanintyas A  , Ria Mareta Yulfan  , Tutut Chusniyah
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country, as one of the biggest waste contributors in the world. Textile waste itself has become a serious problem, around 2.3 million tons of fabric waste will be collected in 2021. Therefore, a thrifting campaign has been carried out as an effort to tackle this textile waste. With the hope that thrifting can minimize the amount of existing textile waste. The campaign was carried out on social media for one week by distributing posters about the dangers of fast fashion for the environment and thrifting as a solution to textile waste. This program is evaluated based on the number of likes, number of viewers, and testimonials given by viewers. Based on the comments, it can be seen the target's response to this program. This response is used as material for program evaluation. In conclusion, there are still many people who do not know the use of thrifting for the environment, especially as a reduction of textile waste.Abstrak

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk terbanyak keempat, sebagai salah satu penyumbang sampah terbesar di dunia. Sampah tekstil sendiri sudah menjadi permasalahan yang serius, sekitar 2,3 juta ton limbah kain terkumpul di tahun 2021. Oleh karenanya dilakukan kampanye mengenai thrifting sebagai upaya dari penanggulangan limbah tekstil tersebut. Dengan harapan thrifting dapat meminimalisir jumlah sampah tekstil yang ada. Kampanye dilakukan pada sosial media selama satu minggu dengan menyebarkan poster mengenai bahaya fast fashion untuk lingkungan dan thrifting sebagai solusi dari limbah tekstil. Program ini dievaluasi didasarkan pada jumlah like, jumlah viewer, dan testimoni yang diberikan oleh para viewer. Berdasarkan komentar-komentar dapat diketahui respon target terhadap program ini. Respon ini digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi program. Kesimpulannya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui kegunaan thrifting untuk lingkungan terutama sebagai pengurangan limbah tekstil.