bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of multiple sequence alignment errors using complete-likelihood score and position-shift map
Authors: Ezawa Kiyoshi
Published: March 2016

Background

Reconstruction of multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) is a crucial step in most homology-based sequence analyses, which constitute an integral part of computational biology. To improve the accuracy of this crucial step, it is essential to better characterize errors that state-of-the-art aligners typically make. For this purpose, we here introduce two tools: the complete-likelihood score and the position-shift map.

Results

The logarithm of the total probability of a MSA under a stochastic model of sequence evolution along a time axis via substitutions, insertions and deletions (called the “complete-likelihood score” here) can serve as an ideal score of the MSA. A position-shift map, which maps the difference in each residue’s position between two MSAs onto one of them, can clearly visualize where and how MSA errors occurred and help disentangle composite errors. To characterize MSA errors using these tools, we constructed three sets of simulated MSAs of selectively neutral mammalian DNA sequences, with small, moderate and large divergences, under a stochastic evolutionary model with an empirically common power-law insertion/deletion length distribution. Then, we reconstructed MSAs using MAFFT and Prank as representative state-of-the-art single-optimum-search aligners. About 40–99% of the hundreds of thousands of gapped segments were involved in alignment errors. In a substantial fraction, from about 1/4 to over 3/4, of erroneously reconstructed segments, reconstructed MSAs by each aligner showed complete-likelihood scores not lower than those of the true MSAs. Out of the remaining errors, a majority by an iterative option of MAFFT showed discrepancies between the aligner-specific score and the complete-likelihood score, and a majority by Prank seemed due to inadequate exploration of the MSA space. Analyses by position-shift maps indicated that true MSAs are in considerable neighborhoods of reconstructed MSAs in about 80–99% of the erroneous segments for small and moderate divergences, but in only a minority for large divergences.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that measures to further improve the accuracy of reconstructed MSAs would substantially differ depending on the types of aligners. They also re-emphasize the importance of obtaining a probability distribution of fairly likely MSAs, instead of just searching for a single optimum MSA.
RETRACTED ARTICLE:
Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the ER stress, triggering an apoptosis cascade
Authors: Kuo Hsing-Chun , Lu Chien-Chang , Shen Chien-Heng , Tung Shui-Yi , Hsieh Meng Chiao , Lee Ko-Chao , Lee Li-Ya , Chen Chin-Chu , Teng Chih-Chuan , Huang Wen-Shih , Chen Te-Chuan , Lee Kam-Fai
Published: March 2016

Background

Hericium erinaceus is an edible mushroom; its various pharmacological effects which have been investigated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether efficacy of oral administration of H. erinaceus mycelium (HEM) and its isolated diterpenoid derivative, erinacine A, can act as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent to bring about neuroprotection using an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, which results in motor disturbances, in addition to elucidating the mechanisms involved.

Methods

Mice were treated with and without HEM or erinacine A, after MPTP injection for brain injuries by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The efficacy of oral administration of HEM improved MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and brain impairment in the substantia nigra pars compacta as measured by brain histological examination.

Results

Treatment with HEM reduced MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss, apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress, as well as the level of glutathione, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Furthermore, HEM reversed MPTP-associated motor deficits, as revealed by the analysis of rotarod assessment. Our results demonstrated that erinacine A decreases the impairment of MPP-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis, which were accompanied by ER stress-sustained activation of the IRE1α/TRAF2, JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways, the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IKB-β and NF-κB, as well as Fas and Bax.

Conclusion

These physiological and brain histological changes provide HEM neuron-protective insights into the progression of Parkinson’s disease, and this protective effect seems to exist both in vivo and in vitro.
The neglected role of abdominal compliance in organ-organ interactions
Authors: Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Peeters Yannick , Wise Robert
Published: March 2016

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency medicine 2016. Other selected articles can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2016. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
Authors: Al-Dorzi Hasan M. , Alsolamy Sami , Arabi Yaseen M.
Published: March 2016

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency medicine 2016. Other selected articles can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2016. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Abnormal movements in critical care patients with brain injury: a diagnostic approach
Authors: Hannawi Yousef , Abers Michael S. , Geocadin Romergryko G. , Mirski Marek A.
Published: March 2016

Abnormal movements are frequently encountered in patients with brain injury hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), yet characterization of these movements and their underlying pathophysiology is difficult due to the comatose or uncooperative state of the patient. In addition, the available diagnostic approaches are largely derived from outpatients with neurodegenerative or developmental disorders frequently encountered in the outpatient setting, thereby limiting the applicability to inpatients with acute brain injuries. Thus, we reviewed the available literature regarding abnormal movements encountered in acutely ill patients with brain injuries. We classified the brain injury into the following categories: anoxic, vascular, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, toxic-metabolic, tumor-related and seizures. Then, we identified the abnormal movements seen in each category as well as their epidemiologic, semiologic and clinicopathologic correlates. We propose a practical paradigm that can be applied at the bedside for diagnosing abnormal movements in the ICU. This model seeks to classify observed abnormal movements in light of various patient-specific factors. It begins with classifying the patient’s level of consciousness. Then, it integrates the frequency and type of each movement with the availability of ancillary diagnostic tests and the specific etiology of brain injury.
Intravitreal administration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells triggers a cytoprotective microenvironment in the retina of diabetic mice
Authors: Ezquer Marcelo , Urzua Cristhian A. , Montecino Scarleth , Leal Karla , Conget Paulette , Ezquer Fernando
Published: March 2016

Background

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the Western world. The reduction in color/contrast sensitivity due to the loss of neural cells in the ganglion cell layer of the retina is an early event in the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive tool for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they could differentiate into neuronal cells, produce high levels of neurotrophic factors and reduce oxidative stress. Our aim was to determine whether the intravitreal administration of adipose-derived MSCs was able to prevent the loss of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic mice.

Methods

Diabetes was induced in C57BL6 mice by the administration of streptozotocin. When retinal pro-damage mechanisms were present, animals received a single intravitreal dose of 2 × 105 adipose-derived MSCs or the vehicle. Four and 12 weeks later we evaluated: (a) retinal ganglion cell number (immunofluorescence); (b) neurotrophic factor levels (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)); (c) retinal apoptotic rate (TUNEL); (d) retinal levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage (ELISA); (e) electrical response of the retina (electroretinography); (f) pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factor levels (RT-qPCR and ELISA); and (g) retinal blood vessels (angiography). Furthermore, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-MSC administration, the presence of donor cells in the retina and their differentiation into neural and perivascular-like cells were assessed (immunofluorescence and flow cytometry).

Results

MSC administration completely prevented retinal ganglion cell loss. Donor cells remained in the vitreous cavity and did not differentiate into neural or perivascular-like cells. Nevertheless, they increased the intraocular levels of several potent neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and reduced the oxidative damage in the retina. Additionally, MSC administration has a neutral effect on the electrical response of the retina and did not result in a pathological neovascularization.

Conclusions

Intravitreal administration of adipose-derived MSCs triggers an effective cytoprotective microenvironment in the retina of diabetic mice. Thus, MSCs represent an interesting tool in order to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
Effects of poly(L-lactide-ε-caprolactone) and magnesium hydroxide additives on physico-mechanical properties and degradation of poly(L-lactic acid)
Authors: Kang Eun Young , Lih Eugene , Kim Ik Hwan , Joung Yoon Ki , Han Dong Keun
Published: March 2016

Background

Biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is one of the most widely used polymer in biomedical devices, but it still has limitations such as inherent brittleness and acidic degradation products. In this work, PLLA blends with poly(L-lactide-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and Mg(OH)
2
were prepared by the thermal processing to improve their physico-mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, the neutralizing effect of Mg(OH)
2
was evaluated by degradation study.

Results

The elongation of PLLA remarkably increased from 3 to 164.4 % and the glass transition temperature (T
g
) of PLLA was slightly reduced from 61 to 52 °C by adding PLCL additive. Mg(OH)
2
in polymeric matrix not only improved the molecular weight reduction and mechanical strength of PLLA, but also neutralized the acidic byproducts generated during polyester degradation.

Conclusions

Therefore, the results demonstrated that the presence of PLCL and Mg(OH)
2
additives in PLLA matrix could prevent the thermal decomposition and control degradation behavior of polyester.
Time-domain finite-difference modeling for attenuative anisotropic media
Authors: Bai Tong , Tsvankin Ilya
Published: March 2016

Accurate and efficient modeling of seismic wavefields that accounts for both attenuation and anisotropy is essential for further development of processing methods. Here, we present a 2D time-domain finite-difference algorithm for generating multicomponent data in viscoelastic transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI). Within the framework of the generalized standard linear solid (GSLS) model, the relaxation function is expressed through the [Formula: see text]-parameters (which quantify the difference between the stress and strain relaxation times) defined for anisotropic media. This approach produces nearly constant values of all components of the quality-factor matrix within a specified frequency band. The developed algorithm is based on a set of anisotropic viscoelastic wave equations parameterized by memory variables. Synthetic examples for TI models with different structural complexity confirm the accuracy of the proposed scheme and illustrate the influence of attenuation and attenuation anisotropy on multicomponent wavefields.
Evaluation of the validity and utility of a transdiagnostic psychosis dimension encompassing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Reininghaus Ulrich , Böhnke Jan R. , Hosang Georgina , Farmer Anne , Burns Tom , McGuffin Peter , Bentall Richard P.
Published: March 2016

Background

In recent years, the Kraepelinian dichotomy has been challenged in light of evidence on shared genetic and environmental factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but empirical efforts to identify a transdiagnostic phenotype of psychosis remain remarkably limited.

Aims

To investigate whether schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder lie on a transdiagnostic spectrum with overlapping non-affective and affective psychotic symptoms.

Method

Multidimensional item-response modelling was conducted on symptom ratings of the OPerational CRITeria (OPCRIT) system in 1168 patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder.

Results

A bifactor model with one general, transdiagnostic psychosis dimension underlying affective and non-affective psychotic symptoms and five specific dimensions of positive, negative, disorganised, manic and depressive symptoms provided the best model fit and diagnostic utility for categorical classification.

Conclusions

Our findings provide support for including dimensional approaches into classification systems and a directly measurable clinical phenotype for cross-disorder investigations into shared genetic and environmental factors of psychosis.
Pasireotide Therapy of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1–Associated Neuroendocrine Tumors in Female Mice Deleted for an Men1 Allele Improves Survival and Reduces Tumor Progression
Authors: Walls Gerard V. , Stevenson Mark , Soukup Benjamin S. , Lines Kate E. , Grossman Ashley B. , Schmid Herbert A. , Thakker Rajesh V.
Published: March 2016

Pasireotide, a somatostatin analog, is reported to have anti-proliferative effects in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We therefore assessed the efficacy of pasireotide for treating pancreatic and pituitary NETs that develop in a mouse model of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Men1+/− mice were treated from age 12 mo with 40 mg/kg pasireotide long-acting release formulation, or PBS, intramuscularly monthly for 9 mo. The Men1+/− mice had magnetic resonance imaging at 12 and 21 mo, and from 20 mo oral 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine for 1 mo, to assess tumor development and proliferation, respectively. NETs were collected at age 21 mo, and proliferation and apoptosis assessed by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays, respectively. Pasireotide-treated Men1+/− mice had increased survival (pasireotide, 80.9% vs PBS, 65.2%; P < .05), with fewer mice developing pancreatic NETs (pasireotide, 86.9% vs PBS, 96.9%; P < .05) and smaller increases in pituitary NET volumes (pre-treated vs post-treated, 0.803 ± 0.058 mm3 vs 2.872 ± 0.728 mm3 [pasireotide] compared with 0.844 ± 0.066 mm3 vs 8.847 ±1.948 mm3 [PBS]; P < .01). In addition, pasireotide-treated mice had fewer pancreatic NETs compared with PBS-treated mice (2.36 ± 0.25 vs 3.72 ± 0.32, respectively; P < .001), with decreased proliferation in pancreatic NETs (pasireotide, 0.35 ± 0.03% vs PBS, 0.78 ± 0.08%; P < .0001) and pituitary NETs (pasireotide, 0.73 ±0.07% vs PBS, 1.81 ± 0.15%; P < .0001), but increased apoptosis in pancreatic NETs (pasireotide, 0.42 ± 0.05% vs PBS, 0.19 ± 0.03%; P < .001) and pituitary NETs (pasireotide, 14.75 ± 1.58% vs PBS, 2.35 ± 0.44%; P < .001). Thus, pasireotide increased survival and inhibited pancreatic and pituitary NET growth, thereby indicating its potential as an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic therapy.
Trop2 marks transient gastric fetal epithelium and adult regenerating cells after epithelial damage
Authors: Vallone Valeria Fernandez , Leprovots Morgane , Strollo Sandra , Vasile Gabriela , Lefort Anne , Libert Frederick , Vassart Gilbert , Garcia Marie-Isabelle
Published: March 2016

Mouse fetal intestinal progenitors lining the epithelium prior to villogenesis grow as spheroids when cultured ex vivo and express the transmembrane glycoprotein Trop2 as a marker. In the present study, we report on the characterization of Trop2-expressing cells from fetal pre-glandular stomach, growing as immortal undifferentiated spheroids, and on their relation with gastric development and regeneration. Trop2+ve cells generating gastric spheroids differed from adult glandular Lgr5+ve stem cells, but appeared highly related to fetal intestinal spheroids. Although they shared a common spheroid signature, intestinal and gastric fetal spheroid-generating cells expressed organ-specific transcription factors and were committed to intestinal and glandular gastric differentiation, respectively. Trop2 expression was transient during glandular stomach development, being lost at the onset of gland formation, whereas it persisted in the squamous forestomach. Undetectable under homeostasis, Trop2 was strongly re-expressed in glands after acute Lgr5 stem cell ablation or following indomethacin-induced injury. These highly proliferative reactive adult Trop2-expressing cells exhibited a transcriptome displaying similarity with that of gastric embryonic Trop2+ve cells, suggesting that epithelium regeneration in adult stomach glands involves partial re-expression of a fetal genetic program.
A mutation in the tuft mouse disrupts TET1 activity and alters the expression of genes that are crucial for neural tube closure
Authors: Fong Keith S. K. , Hufnagel Robert B. , Khadka Vedbar S. , Corley Michael J. , Maunakea Alika K. , Fogelgren Ben , Ahmed Zubair M. , Lozanoff Scott
Published: March 2016

Genetic variations affecting neural tube closure along the head result in malformations of the face and brain. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common birth defects in humans. We previously reported a mouse mutant called tuft that arose spontaneously in our wild-type 3H1 colony. Adult tuft mice present midline craniofacial malformations with or without an anterior cephalocele. In addition, affected embryos presented neural tube closure defects resulting in insufficient closure of the anterior neuropore or exencephaly. Here, through whole-genome sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in the Tet1 gene, which encodes a methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET1), co-segregating with the tuft phenotype. This mutation resulted in premature termination that disrupts the catalytic domain that is involved in the demethylation of cytosine. We detected a significant loss of TET enzyme activity in the heads of tuft embryos that were homozygous for the mutation and had NTDs. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis indicated that multiple gene pathways associated with neural tube closure were dysregulated in tuft embryo heads. Among them, the expressions of Cecr2, Epha7 and Grhl2 were significantly reduced in some embryos presenting neural tube closure defects, whereas one or more components of the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway mediating planar cell polarity and convergent extension were affected in others. We further show that the recombinant mutant TET1 protein was capable of entering the nucleus and affected the expression of endogenous Grhl2 in IMCD-3 (inner medullary collecting duct) cells. These results indicate that TET1 is an epigenetic determinant for regulating genes that are crucial to closure of the anterior neural tube and its mutation has implications to craniofacial development, as presented by the tuft mouse.
The Role of State and Public Administration of Education in Terms of Modernization of the System of Professional Development of Educators
Authors: �����  , Shishov Cergey
Published: March 2016

The paper considers the problems concerning professional development of teachers in the context of the national educational system as a whole. Analyzed is the foreign experience of pedagogical personnel professional development. Various foreign practices of organizing the further professional training of educators, which are the most valuable in terms of applying in this country, are highlighted. Also defi ned are the options for the society to participate in the educational activities and the model of state and public administration and management of education. Priority areas for implementing the models of state and public administration and management of education are also defi ned. Based on the analysis of international experience the following priority areas for implementing the models of state and public administration of education are proposed: creating conditions for mutually benefi cial cooperation of models of state and public administration, applicable on diff erent levels (municipality, local self-government authorities, non-profi t non-political organizations, professional associations, etc.); training and advisory support to the members of the public, enabling them to participate in the state and public administration of education; training and consulting support to administration of education personnel on matters concerning the state and public administration and management of education.
Psycho-Pedagogical Support of Schoolchildren in the Educational Process in the Context of Transition to the FGOS (by the Example of Primorye Territory): Problems and Prospects
Authors: ��������  , Shemilina Elena
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with challenges of the modern system of national education, which result in the situation, where, on the one hand, the defi ciency of

cognitive processes arbitrariness and minimal brain dysfunction in some children are deepening, while, on the other hand, the scientists point to sound

evidence of accelerating psychological evolution and growth of numbers of gifted children. Meanwhile, the Federal Educational Standards are designed

for children with normal level of intellectual development. To address this contradiction, the author proposes to introduce the system of in-house psycho-

pedagogical support of students in the secondary school. By the example of adaptive schools the author shows, that the said gap can be successfully

overcome. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents relating to issues of psychological and pedagogical support of students in the educational

process at schools in Primorye Territory, it is concluded, that students, educated according to the new FGOS, lack the full-scale qualifi ed psychological and

educational assistance in the educational process. The ways to address this challenge are proposed.
Interaction of the Preliminary Investigation Bodies and General Criminal Investigation Bodies in Russia in the Second Half XIX — Early XX Century
Authors: Matienko Tatyana
Published: March 2016

The article deals with the problem of legal regulation of the criminal proceedings and practical activity of the court investigator and Criminal Police in the fight with crime. The author analyses legal acts of the Russian empire late XIX — early XX centuries and a wide range of archival and literary sources of this chronological period. The author points the systemic contradictions in the practice of the fight against crime, resulting from unresolved legal doctrine and legislation of the late of XIX — early XX centuries. The author considers issues of investigation and inquiry, and inquiry and investigation. The article notes that external expression drawbacks of legal regulation of pretrial criminal proceedings under the Charter of criminal proceedings in 1864 was the duplication of functions and ignoring ordinary criminal investigation by court investigators and police authorities of the total. And this fact led to the stagnation of the entire law enforcement system and the need to fill organizational lack of judicial reform through the establishment of a part of the general police detective offices caused a new problem — the interaction between the general and the police detective’ analyzing the interaction between the preliminary investigation and the general criminal investigation the author consistently reveals the process of legal, organizational and structural differentiation of functions of the Russian pre-trial criminal proceedings, which began with the judicial reform of 1864 and expressed in the institutionalization of the preliminary investigation, inquest and general criminal investigation.
Category of Legitimate Interest in Legal Science
Authors: Tsvetkova Elena
Published: March 2016

A study of category of legitimate interest in law has a value for its application in practice in various areas of law. At all stages of the of research of legitimate interest, scientists have considered this category by category of interest. These categories relate to each other as a private and common. During the research a legitimate interest in the law the author identifies three periods: the pre-Soviet (the end of XIX century until 1917); Soviet (1917—1990 years); Post-Soviet (from 1990 to present). The legitimate interest was examined by the researchers in a broad sense as the target of subject which it seeks to achieve, and in a narrow sense — as a legal mean. Category of legitimate interest remains the same no matter in what area is its implementation. Legitimate interest provides only the subjects’ desire that is not contrary to law and is within the scope of legal regulation. Relevant to the present time in the scientific studies is that they point out the need for protection of the legitimate interests on
a par with the subjective rights.
About the Federal Law Draft on the Bases of Public Administration
Authors: Talapina Elvira
Published: March 2016

The proposals on the federal law draft on bases of public administration, designing to create a complete legislative regulation in this sphere are given. Theprovisions of this law draft are directed on improvement of quality of public administration, including its effectiveness and efficiency, and also systematization of instruments of quality management ensuring. The principles of public administration and bases of the executive power organization are established. The main forms of executive authorities’ activity are the acts and the contracts. The author proposes to fix the rules of legality, validity, efficiency and responsiveness for executive authorities’ acts. The draft law has to define interaction bases in the public administration, the main priorities of electronic public administration. The author supposes that adoption of this federal law could become the start point of legal systematization in the sphere of public administration, «having oriented» all existing acts on uniform understanding and regulation of public administration, and also having set the tone for development of rule-making in the considered sphere.
Form of Guilt and the Motives of Violations of Safety Rules and Operation of Transport (Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Tokmantsev Denis
Published: March 2016

Proposals in the science of criminal law approaches to the definition of the form of guilt (intentional, reckless or determined by the court in a particular case) of a crime provided for in Article 263 “Violation of safety rules and operation of railway, air, sea and inland waterway transport and underground” of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are considered in the article. The place of motives (positive, neutral and negative) of violation of safety rules and operation as part of the crime is evaluated. Based on the analysis of legal literature and materials law enforcement practice the author made a conclusion that the crime under Article 263 of the Criminal Code is careless, but the study of its subjective side in the theory of criminal law, and the investigative and judicial practice must include the determination of the form of mental attitude of a person for violation of safety rules and operation of transport (which can be both intentional and reckless) and assessment of the motives of such violations.
Warning of Penal Crime: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Khokhrin Sergey
Published: March 2016

As a result of convicts employees’ poll, study of judicial practice and analysis of statistical data the author revealed the main problems preventing penitentiary prison crime. Bare stuff, insufficient qualifications of employees, employee turnover, crime liaison officer with the criminal world, lack of work organization convicted — these problems are causality reduction for convicts, increase the feeling of permissiveness supervision density from convicts, increase the number of complaints and appeals on the work of correctional institutions, a possible deterioration of the operating environment, reducing the output level of the convicts in paid work and as a consequence of the impossibility of the convicted have the funds to account. The author proposes measures of warning penal crime by improving the implementation of innovative safety systems which can reduce the burden on the staff of the correctional facility, arrange round the clock monitoring of prisoners, as well as the employment of convicts by attracting outside organizations on ways to use the best practices of some of territorial bodies.
Beyond yields: Climate change effects on specialty crop quality and agroecological management
Authors: Ahmed Selena , Stepp John Richard
Published: March 2016

Climate change is impacting the sustainability of food systems through shifts in natural and human dimensions of agroecosystems that influence farmer livelihoods, consumer choices, and food security. This paper highlights the need for climate studies on specialty crops to focus not only on yields, but also on quality, as well as the ability of agroecological management to buffer climate effects on quality parameters. Crop quality refers to phytonutrient and secondary metabolite profiles and associated health and sensory properties that influence consumer buying decisions. Through two literature reviews, we provide examples of specialty crops that are vulnerable to climate effects on quality and examples of climate-resilient agroecological strategies. A range of specialty crops including fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, stimulants, and herbs were identified to respond to climate variables with changes in quality. The review on climate-resilient strategies to mitigate effects on crop quality highlighted a major gap in the literature. However, agricultural diversification emerged as a promising strategy for climate resilience more broadly and highlights the need for future research to assess the potential of diversified agroecosystems to buffer climate effects on crop quality. We integrate the concepts from our literature review within a socio-ecological systems framework that takes into account feedbacks between crop quality, consumer responses, and agroecosystem management. The presented framework is especially useful for two themes in agricultural development and marketing, nutrition-sensitive agriculture and terroir, for informing the design of climate-change resilient specialty crop systems focused on management of quality and other ecosystem services towards promoting environmental and human wellbeing.
Grow your imagination
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: March 2016

Claire Hewson maps out an outdoor lesson linked to Eric Carle's The Tiny Seed and suggests a creative approach that can be adapted to many texts in your library.
Find your boundaries
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: March 2016

Explore the mathematical concepts of perimeter and area in your school grounds and encourage pupils to visualise and solve problems kinaesthetically.
‘Scant detail’ in DfE's fairer funding formula consultation
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: March 2016

– New research shows extent of funding crisis facing secondary schools

– Fears remain that ‘fairer funding’ will see many schools lose money
Supporting transgender pupils
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: March 2016

Schools have legal and moral duties to support pupils who face gender identity issues or have gender dysphoria. Dr Stephanie Thornton explains and offers advice
Setting limits on sexting
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: March 2016

We need to accept that sexting is here to stay, says Karen Sullivan. She looks at what teachers and parents can do to talk to young people so they understand the risks they are taking
The tipping point for a workload epidemic
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: March 2016

Looking after your mental health as a teacher is crucial, especially given the workload challenges we are facing. Julian Stanley offers his advice
Five keys: Teach less, learn more, reflect
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: March 2016

In the final part of his series dissecting his five key aspects of effective lessons, Matt Bromley describes keys four and five – teach less, learn more, and increasing the time for student reflection
Supporting your exams officer
Authors: Chima Jugjit
Published: March 2016

Raising the profile of your examinations officer is key to achieving a successful and problem-free exam series in your school, explains Jugjit Chima
English Baccalaureate: Five things to remember
Authors: Middlehurst Tom
Published: March 2016

The consultation on the implementation of the English Baccalaureate closed in January and, as we await the outcome, discussion as to its strengths and limitations continues apace. Tom Middlehurst urges us to keep in mind five points
Domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Leoni Julie
Published: March 2016

Domestic violence is a child protection issue that schools must be prepared for. Expert Dr Julie Leoni explains what abuse can look like, the impact on children, spotting the signs and taking action
What's next for years 7, 8 and 9?
Authors: O'Farrell Suzanne
Published: March 2016

With the increasing demands of key stage 4 and recent Ofsted criticism of provision in years 7, 8 and 9, Suanne O'Farrell looks at how schools can best use key stage 3 to support students' achievement and their wider learning
The knowledge of the artist and human survival
Authors: Klassen Helmut
Published: March 2016

Marshall McLuhan’s assertion that the artist’s capacity for awareness of the medium character of reality represents a form of knowledge that is, ‘… now needed for (human) survival’ is employed to probe technology as world-view – reality mediated by representation – that is historically disremembered for the alienating condition of technopoly to prevail. The artist paradoxically renders the unconscious environmental character of mediation apparent to thought and sensibility, bringing ground in the figure/ground relationship to awareness as ground – without objectifying ground as figure – similar to knowledge of chora that Plato in Timaeus provocatively named, a kind of ‘bastard-reckoning’. Referring to Einstein, Grant, Heidegger, Descartes, and Arendt, technology as world-view is historically/philosophically un-framed to recuperate this non-objective sensibility of our worldreality within modes of praxis – thinking, making, and acting – as the foundation for re-forming our irrevocably intertwined social and natural worlds transformed to the point of devastation by technological activity.
The media literacy movement’s debt to Marshall McLuhan
Authors: Kuskis Alex
Published: March 2016

Media ecologists Marshall McLuhan and Neil Postman considered education to be the essential way to counter the negative effects of technopoly, which define a culture that deifies technology, and seeks support, authority and its satisfactions from it. The relatively new subject of media literacy seeks to convey awareness of media’s potential harms and to shield its users from becoming unwilling servants of technology. Marshall McLuhan wrote extensively about education and created the very first high school media studies curriculum for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) in the United States, influencing the media literacy practitioners to come. The first generation of media literacy teachers in Canada and the United States adopted a broad conception of what was needed for students to be considered media literate. The question to be considered is whether, since then the teaching of media literacy has become focused more narrowly on content analysis and the how-to aspects of media use, while neglecting the theoretical and conceptual roots of media studies.
Studi Pengembangan Wilayah Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Pahlevi Noviar , Hadi Setia , Soma Soekmana
Published: March 2016

Sukabumi development approach which has been more emphasis on economic growth tends to ignore the regional disparities. Therefore, it is necessary to study and identify the direction of regional development policy . By knowing the level of disparity that occurred in this research sought leading sectors and the level of regional development to build of the Sukabumi city. The analytical method used is the Williamson index , Theil index , Location Quotient , Shift Share Analysis , Entropy and Schallogram . From the analysis  is known that there has been a disparities of Sukabumi areas in middle category / uneven . The development of the old town area which consists of a level hierarchy I and II have the balance of diversity and economic sectors better, the leading sector dominated by the tertiary sector which is urban characteristics . While the new city area, including the development of a hierarchy of regions III and leading sectors dominated by primary and secondary sectors which are characteristic of rural areas.Sukabumi development approach which has been more emphasis on economic growth tends to ignore the regional disparities. Therefore, it is necessary to study and identify the direction of regional development policy . By knowing the level of disparity that occurred in this research sought leading sectors and the level of regional development to build of the Sukabumi city. The analytical method used is the Williamson index , Theil index , Location Quotient , Shift Share Analysis , Entropy and Schallogram . From the analysis  is known that there has been a disparities of Sukabumi areas in middle category / uneven . The development of the old town area which consists of a level hierarchy I and II have the balance of diversity and economic sectors better, the leading sector dominated by the tertiary sector which is urban characteristics . While the new city area, including the development of a hierarchy of regions III and leading sectors dominated by primary and secondary sectors which are characteristic of rural areas.
Analisis Sub Sektor Perikanan dalam Pengembangan Wilayah Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Syarief Ade , Rustiadi Eman , Hidayat Aceng
Published: March 2016

Indramayu regency has a great potential in renewable fisheries. It is expected that this fisheries subsector continues to grow and become a strategic sector in the development of Indramayu regency. The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify the role of the fisheries subsector in the economy of the region and its links with other sectors in Indramayu regency, (2) to learn about the level of development of the regional development of fisheries sub-sector in Indramayu regency based on the conditions of facilities and infrastructure, and (3) to find out the perception of stakeholders in determining development priorities for the fisheries sub-sector as well as to formulate a strategic direction in the development of the fisheries subsector in Indramayu regency. Input-Output analysis showed that the fisheries subsector had not been included in the strategic sector because it had weak inter-sectoral linkages and low multiplier effects of the total economy in Indramayu Regency compared to other economic sectors. Schallogram analysis showed that six sub-districts in the region of hierarchy III were feasible to develop. According to the stakeholders, the priority of fisheries subsector development in Indramayu Regency was the development of aquaculture activities (42.04 %) in terms of improving the quality of human resources (33.66 %). In the development strategy of the fisheries subsector of aquaculture activities in Indramayu regency, priorities should be in the development of existing resources (Natural Resources, Human Resources, Artificial Resource / Infrastructure, Institutional, Technology and Capital) to achieve sustainable development.
Dampak Transformasi Mata Pencaharian Terhadap Kondisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Masyarakat (Studi Kasus pada Usaha / Kegiatan Penambangan Mineral Logam Mangan di Wilayah IUP PT Bun Yan Hasanah di Desa Nian Kecamatan Miomafo Tengah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara)
Authors: Mbawo Stefanus Frengki
Published: March 2016

This research was conducted in the area of North Central Timor Government District of Central Miomafo Nian village on 18 November 2013 to 18 May 2014 This study examines the impact of the transformation of the livelihood and economic and social conditions (Case Study On Business / Manganese Mineral Mining Activities Region Iup PT. Bun Yan Hasanah in Nian village Miomafo District of Central North Central Timor). With the aim to determine the impact of the transformation of the livelihood  and  economic  and  social  conditions,  the  type  of  research  used  is descriptive analytical approach using ex post facto that the data collected after the incident  took place.  With each  study variable,  namely  (1) changes  in the orientation of the public about livelihood, (2) economic conditions, (3) social conditions. The sampling technique was conducted by distributing questionnaires and direct interviews or questionnaires to 20 respondents who are involved actively in mining activities. Data were collected and analyzed by using AHP method. Results and discussion illustrate that the impact on the livelihood transformation of economic conditions  showed  the  highest  value  of  67%  and  is  followed  by  changes  in  the livelihood of 25% and 8% of social conditions. The fact indicates that the level 1 criteria matiks that economic criteria with sub-criteria fulfillment necessities of life ie 27% priority to the welfare of society villagers Nian District of Central Miomafo TTU.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN AGROPOLITAN BERBASIS TANAMAN PANGAN DI KOTA PADANG (Agropolitan Development Strategy Based on Food Crops in Padang City)
Authors: Martadona Ilham , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis , Najib Mukhamad
Published: March 2016

The role of Agricultural sector isn't only to ensure food supplies but also as an income generating through export activities. Padang is potentially developed to modern agriculture due to vast number of agriculture land.  Base on regulation No.18 of 2004 on RPJP and Regulation No.9 of 2009 on RPJM, Padang is declared as Agropolitan area. The Agropolitan concept is expected to increase agriculture-based development, because the GDP share of agriculture is relatively small. This study aims are to  analyze a basic food crops, 2) to choose the region which will develop as agropolitan area base on availability of facilities and infrastructure in that region and 3) to formulate development strategies of agropolitan area. The analysis of LQ indicate rice crop as the basic commodity with the LQ greater than one. Skalogram analysis and diamond porter show that Sub District Kuranji is potentially developed as a growth center in the Agropolitan Area because it has the most complete facilities and infrastructure. In this research the development strategies are to develop agricultural infrastructure (sub terminal of agribusiness) and institutional strengthening of capital institution.
DESIGNING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR BONTANG INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
Authors: Pamungkas Adjie , Ardian Yudha , Hanoraga Tony , Sodiq Mohammad , Muhktasor M , Siswanto Vely Kukinul
Published: March 2016

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries.  The estate will need investment for about IDR. 2.27 Trillion while the total annual local government budget is near to IDR 2 Trillion. Moreover, the estate has to be operated in a business manner while the local government officers have a culture in non-profit organisation as part of bureaucracy. However, the BIE feasibility study 2013 has determined that the estate will generate economic multipliers boosting the city development.  Therefore, a partnership among government and private parties should be determined and accommodated in a proper cooperation arrangement. To design the partnership, we review literature, interview related private parties and confirm opinions of the private parties to the governments. A content analysis was used to assess information from the interviews. Considering the final outputs, BIE should be organised by a pure private enterprise or Ltd. to ensure the economic viable of the estate. The Ltd. is a partnership among the government and private parties via shareholders. The government can still hold a majority share with special arrangement in investment scheme. For the initial investments, the government can use its assets valued as 51% of total share while private parties can inject cash money equal to 49% of the total.  With this capital arrangement, the estate can be operated with initial investment for about IDR. 267.11 Billion on 244.97 Ha land. This initial investment can be profitable with IDR. 650 Billion NPV, 19.93% IRR and 13.95 year PP.<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Bontang Local Government has planned Bontang Industrial Estate (BIE) to accommodate oil, gas, condensate and other industries.  
The Influence of Regulatory Focus on Global Consumption Orientation and Preference for Global versus Local Consumer Culture Positioning
Authors: Westjohn Stanford A. , Arnold Mark J. , Magnusson Peter , Reynolds Kristy
Published: March 2016

Firms increasingly employ global and local consumer culture positioning strategies (GCCP/LCCP), but understanding of the drivers that underlie consumer responses to such strategies is limited, leaving firms with little guidance on when to choose one strategy over another. To shed light on consumer preference for GCCP versus LCCP, the authors examine the effects of regulatory focus (promotion and prevention orientation) and global consumption orientation (GCO) on preference for GCCP/LCCP. They report the results of three studies: the first is based on a survey with samples drawn from the United States and China, and the second and third are behavioral designs manipulating situational promotion and prevention regulatory focus. The findings suggest that promotion focus is positively related to GCO and prevention focus is negatively related to GCO. Furthermore, the authors find that GCO is positively related to a preference for GCCP. Thus, this research offers a unique perspective by introducing regulatory focus to the GCCP literature, identifying GCO as an important mediator, and demonstrating that regulatory focus can be situationally activated.