bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of elements of neuropedagogy in the creation of virtual simulators for in-depth study of chemistry in higher education
Authors: Rakhmetova Aiman , Meiirova Gulzhamila , Balpanova Didara , Baidullayeva Ainash , Nurmakhanova Dina
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of incorporating neuropedagogical elements into virtual simulators for advanced chemistry education in universities. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, it uses questionnaires completed by 50 organic chemistry students. These questionnaires included both general and Likert scale questions, focusing on students' experiences with the PhET Interactive Simulation. The results highlight the positive impact of neuropedagogy on students' learning attitudes, cognitive abilities, and skill development, particularly in areas like critical thinking, analytical skills, and social competencies. A significant portion of students reported enhanced educational outcomes: 76% observed improved training effectiveness, 88% better understood the subject, and 96% found the virtual simulator-based learning more engaging. Furthermore, the study notes improvements in students' problem-solving abilities (68%), logical reasoning (92%), and comprehension of chemical processes (94%). These findings emphasize the value of integrating neuroscience principles in chemical education, potentially benefiting both tertiary and secondary education sectors. They indicate the necessity for educational adaptation in line with interdisciplinary research in cognitive and neurological sciences. This research not only serves as a valuable resource for chemistry teachers but also sets the stage for future empirical studies exploring neuroscience's role in teacher education. The study underscores the importance of further investigation into how teachers implement neuropedagogical techniques and the effectiveness of such applications, advocating for continuous development in educational methodologies.
Quasi-projective and finite-time synchronization of fractional-order memristive complex-valued delay neural networks via hybrid control
Authors: Zhu Jiaqing , Zhang Guodong , Wang Leimin
Published: February 2024

We focused on the quasi-projective synchronization (QPS) and finite-time synchronization (FNTS) for a class of fractional-order memristive complex-valued delay neural networks (FOMCVDNNs). Rather than decomposing the complex-valued system into its real and imaginary components, we adopted a more streamlined approach by introducing a lemma associated with the complex-valued sign function. This innovative technique enabled us to design a simpler discontinuous controller. Then, based on the finite-time Lemma, measurable selection theorem, Lyapunov function theory, properties of the Mittag-Leffler function, and the fractional-order Razumikhin theorem, various substantial results were derived using a novel hybrid control scheme. In conclusion, we presented numerical simulations to illustrate the practical effectiveness of our theoretical findings.
Reversibility of linear cellular automata with intermediate boundary condition
Authors: Chang Chih-Hung , Yang Ya-Chu , Şah Ferhat
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on the reversibility of multidimensional linear cellular automata with an intermediate boundary condition. We begin by addressing the matrix representation of these automata, and the question of reversibility boils down to the invertibility of this matrix representation. We introduce a decomposition method that factorizes the matrix representation into a Kronecker sum of significantly smaller matrices. The invertibility of the matrix hinges on determining whether zero can be expressed as the sum of eigenvalues of these smaller matrices, which happen to be tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices. Notably, each of these smaller matrices represents a one-dimensional cellular automaton. Leveraging the rich body of research on the eigenvalue problem of Toeplitz matrices, our result provides an efficient algorithm for addressing the reversibility problem. As an application, we show that there is no reversible nontrivial linear cellular automaton over $ \mathbb{Z}_2 $.
USING DEEP LEARNING TO OPTIMIZE HVAC SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Quang Tran Van , Phuong Nguyen Lu
Published: February 2024

HVAC systems are crucial for maintaining indoor temperature and humidity in buildings but consume significant energy, accounting for over 50% of a building’s energy use. This study proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for optimizing energy consumption in residential building HVAC systems while maintaining occupant comfort. Climate data was collected using low-cost sensors, and a co-simulation framework was developed for offline training and validation of our DRL-based algorithm. The proposed DRL-based algorithm was compared to a rule-based HVAC system regarding energy consumption and occupant comfort. Results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption by up to 15% compared to the rule-based HVAC system. DRL is a suitable approach for optimizing HVAC systems due to its ability to adapt to the dynamics of multi-parameterized systems. This study contributes to sustainable building design by proposing a DRL-based algorithm to reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature. Using low-cost sensors and a co-simulation framework provides a practical and cost-effective method for training and validating the proposed algorithm.
PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL POZZOLAN-BASED GEOPOLYMER REINFORCED WITH BANANA FIBERS
Authors: Bariş Kübra Ekiz , Tanaçan Leyla
Published: February 2024

Türkiye has approximately 50.000 acres of banana plantations. Banana cultivation produces a huge amount of waste that has no commercial value. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of using waste banana fiber in natural pozzolan-based geopolymer mortar to increase its ductile fracture behavior. The effects of fiber content and length on physical and mechanical properties were experimentally carried out. The optimum banana fiber content and length were found to be 1.5% and 20 mm, respectively. Above this limit, fibers made it difficult to obtain a workable matrix and generated fiber agglomeration. Although increasing the fiber content from 0.5% to 1.5% and length above 20 mm led to a decrease in the ultrasound pulse velocity, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength due to the higher porosity of the matrix, the increasing ratios of the flexural strength and toughness were consistent. Furthermore, banana fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortars have adequate porosity (22.87%), water absorption ratio (9.25%), swelling thickness (0.58%), saturation coefficient (78%), drying shrinkage (195x10–6), water vapor diffusion resistance index (5.73), flexural strength (6.88 MPa), compressive strength (8.75 MPa), and comply with the performance requirements of the related standards. By considering the adequate physical, mechanical and ductile fracture performance of the material, waste banana fiber can be utilized in the production of geopolymers.
Repräsentation städtischer Netzwerke in der Aufklärungszeit im Spiegel der deutschsprachigen Presse der Krain
Authors: Birk Matjaž , Birk Uršula Krevs
Published: February 2024

Die Laibacher Zeitung als monarchieweit repräsentatives Organ der deutschen Presse und städtische Netzwerke waren wichtige Bestandteile der josephinischen Gesellschaftspolitik in der Krain im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert. Die mediale Repräsentation der Netzwerke verfolgte vor dem Hintergrund der aufklärerischen Ideologie den übergreifenden Zweck der Transkulturierung und Universalisierung der öffentlichen Diskurse und somit der Beschleunigung der Emanzipation bürgerlicher Kultur. Andererseits wurden medialrepräsentierte Elemente der Aufklärungsideologie und –kultur umgeformt in das auf den Krainer Kommunikationsraum bezogen Partikulare, was für die Integration des Universalen in das für die Medialisierung der Netzwerke konstitutive Autonomisierungsmodell der kritischen Reflexion über gesellschaftliche Modernisierung von fördernder Bedeutung war.
Die frühneuzeitliche Stadtvernetzung am Beispiel der oberungarischen königlichen Freistadt Bartfeld (Bardejov)
Authors: Guitman Barnabás
Published: February 2024

Das Hauptziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die oberungarische Stadt Bartfeld (Bardejov, heute in Slowakei) in einen breiteren europäischen Kontext des 16. Jahrhunderts zu stellen und somit exemplarisch der Frage nach den Netzwerken, in welche diese Stadt eingebettet war, nachzugehen. Die Studie basiert vornehmlich auf der Korrespondenz des Stadtrates im Stadtarchiv. Zuerst wird der Begriff der königlichen Freistadt erklärt, um damit auch die Gruppe, in welche sich das Handeln dieser Stadt einschreibt, besser fassen zu können. Anschließend wird dargelegt, in welchen Netzwerken Bartfeld als Mitglied aktiv ist: Einerseits nämlich als Mitglied der Vereinigung der königlichen Freistädte Oberungarns, der sogenannte Pentapolis, um für wirtschaftliche, politische und konfessionelle Interessen einzutreten. Auf der anderen Seite gehörte Bartfeld zur Gruppe der lutherischen Städte, die sich in Bezug auf Religion und Kultur mit anderen evangelischen Städten in Europa verbanden. Drittens war die Stadt wirtschaftlich gesehen Teil des mitteleuropäischen Wirtschaftsraums, durch den Bartfeld mit Südpolen in lebendigem Austausch stand. Es kann somit die Rolle Bartfelds als Beispiel einer kleinen Stadt im Habsburgerreich nachvollzogen werden.
Aufklärungsgeist zwischen Reformzeit und Revolutionsjahr
Authors: Bognár Zsuzsa
Published: February 2024

Im Beitrag wird die Zeitung Der Ungar, die sich im historischen Kontext der gesellschaftlichen Reformen in den 1840 Jahren den ungarischen Interessen widmete, behandelt. Diese Zeitung wird in dem Zusammenhang als Repräsentationsraum der Aufklärungskonzepte untersucht, besonders anhand der Verwendung von ausgewählten Begriffen und deren verschiedener Kontextualisierung, vor allem jedoch durch Analyse von Beiträgen unterschiedlicher Gattungen, die mit ironischer Brechung der Semantiken und Marginalisierung der großen Namen aus der französischen Geschichte und der Aufklärungszeit Radikalisierungstendenzen abzuwenden suchten und zugleich soziale und humanitäre Dimensionen, den in der Tradition der Aufklärung stehenden, mit Patriotismus verbundenen Liberalismus und die bürgerliche Modernisierung/Entwicklung und Positionierung des Bürgertums in den Vordergrund rückten.
Umbruch und Toleranz nach 1919
Authors: Gáll Kinga
Published: February 2024

Für die Ereignisse vor hundert Jahre stehen keine Zeitzeugen mehr zur Verfügung, sodass wir auf historische Texte zurückgreifen müssen. Die täglich erschienene Temesvarer Zeitung erlaubt solche Einblicke in die Zeit um 1919. In dieser Zeit wurde das vorher zu Ungarn gehörende Banat zwischen Rumänien, Serbien und Ungarn aufgeteilt, wobei die Stadt Temesvar an Rumänien fiel. Mit der neuen Verwaltung kamen eine neue Amtssprache und implizite neue Herausforderungen. Die Zeitung erlaubt es, diesen Wechsel und die Durchsetzung der rumänischen Verwaltungssprache in ihrem Verlauf anhand der Berichterstattung des liberalen und aufgeklärten Blattes zu rekonstruieren und zu analysieren.
Technical Considerations for Designing, Developing, and Implementing AI Systems in Africa
Authors: Mengesha Getachew H. , Belay Elefelious Getachew , Adams Rachel
Published: February 2024

This study explores technical considerations for designing, developing, adopting, and using AI-based systems in Africa. Africa did not benefit as intended from the first three industrial revolutions. Cognizant of this fact, the continent is now expected to be aware of and ready to tap into the opportunities created by AI and the Fourth Industrial Revolution to fix chronic problems connected to efficiency while minimizing the unintended consequences AI might pose. Data for the study was gathered through focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII), and document review. The outcome of the study reveals that AI model adoption issues, AI biases, AI data availability, security, and privacy, AI model accuracy and quality, and AI resources have emerged as major technical considerations for adopting and using AI in the African context. The chapter provides valuable insights that would serve as input for policy formulation and AI capacity development endeavors.
Assessing the Rapid Expansion of Technology in Africa
Authors: Chakabwata William
Published: February 2024

The chapter assesses the state of digital technology in Africa as a catalyst for economic growth and development. The chapter also appraises the state of higher education on the continent in order to determine its preparedness to produce professionals who can function in a digital economy. A number of technological diffusion models which include diffusion of innovation (DIO), theory of reasoned action, and technology adoption model (TAM) were used to explore the diffusion of innovation to Africa from developed countries. Although there is a rapid growth in technological penetration in Africa impacting sectors such as agriculture, education, and finance, more investment in technology is still needed to power strides towards optimum levels of economic development. Africa, with its rapidly growing population and ever expanding market, is perceived as the next economic frontier after Asia. Higher education through curriculum models such as Education 5.0 can lead the way to make Africa the next economic frontier.
Augmented Reality, a Tool to Enhance the Visitor Tourism Experience in Ecotourism
Authors: Rafi Arslan , Rehman Mohsin Abdur , Awan Ammara , Rather Raouf Ahmad
Published: February 2024

The advent and rapid growth in new digital technologies, every industry is going through transformation. More specifically, augmented reality (AR) in tourism context has been progressing. With this growth, AR potentially could shape visitor tourism experience (VTE) in Eco-tourism (ET). For this purpose, the present chapter focuses on understanding the current state of the literature on AR and VTE within a broader context of ET. By following a systematic literature review approach, we selected and analyzed the full text of 31 peer-reviewed journal articles to synthesize theoretical, contextual, and methodological choices of the extant literature. Moreover, this chapter highlights the key elements of how AR could potentially be a tool to enhance VTE. Finally, the authors present the future research agenda on AR and VTE within ET context.
Marburg virus in Tanzania: examining emergence, consequences, and mitigation approaches
Authors: Gulumbe Bashar Haruna , Uggh Innocent H. P. , Shehu Aminu , Winchislaus Ernest
Published: February 2024

The first-ever Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Tanzania serves as a stark warning of the vulnerability of the entire world to newly emerging infectious diseases. This article looks at the causes of Tanzania’s susceptibility to MVD, containment efforts, and strategies to stop further outbreaks. The analysis emphasizes the significance of addressing socio-economic variables, environmental issues, and community participation in addition to healthcare infrastructure and surveillance systems for long-term health security. It highlights the requirement for a concerted effort on the part of governments, international organizations, and local communities, as well as ongoing financial support for public health infrastructure. The opinion also urges regional collaboration and coordination, as well as the adoption of a learning attitude to incorporate lessons from this and other outbreaks for enhancing and perfecting public health policies. We can contribute to global efforts to prevent and limit future infectious disease outbreaks and protect the health of communities around the world by adopting a thorough, proactive, and evidence-based strategy.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Tensile Bond Strength of Cement-retained Restorations on Implant Abutments Subjected to Different Surface Treatments: An In vitro Study
Authors: Jayaswal Amrita , Singh Rashika , Srivastava Shitij , Shekhar Abhinav , Bhatia Love Kumar
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The longevity of cement-retained implant-supported restorations depends upon a strong and durable bond at the metal/cement interface. Various forms of surface treatments of implant abutments have been shown to enhance the retention of cement-retained restorations. The present study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the tensile bond strength of metal copings luted onto implant abutments subjected to different surface treatments and determine the most effective surface treatment for long-term retention.

Materials and Methods:

Forty acrylic blocks were prepared, each with an implant analogue placed vertically inside the block and straight abutments tightened optimally onto implant analogues. The samples were divided into four Groups (n = 10) according to surface treatment of implant abutments: Group A – no surface treatment, Group B – sandblasting, Group C – metal primer application and Group D – acid etching. Metal copings were luted onto implant abutments, and the tensile force necessary to debond each metal coping was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were summarised in Mean ± Standard deviation. Groups were compared by one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance of mean difference between the groups was done by Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test after ascertaining normality by Shapiro-Wilk’s test and homogeneity of variance between groups by Levene’s test. A two-tailed (α = 2) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The highest mean tensile bond strength was recorded for Group C (metal primer application), followed by Groups B, D and A, respectively.

Conclusion:

Amongst the surface treatments used in the study, metal primer application was found to be most effective in improving the retention of cement-retained prostheses.
Cytodiagnosis of an Ectopic Primary Meningioma of the Parapharyngeal Region
Authors: Amita K. , Christopher Prescilla , Thomas Nitha , Abhishek M. G.
Published: February 2024

Cytological findings in meningiomas are not well characterized since cranial meningiomas are unapproachable and rarely aspirated. Extracranial meningiomas are rare with an incidence of 1%–2%. These lesions can pose diagnostic challenges to clinicians as well as cytopathologists. This rare case is reported for its novel presentation in the parapharyngeal space which was diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Awareness of the cytological findings and the possibility of occurrence of meningiomas at an extracranial location is important to arrive at an accurate preoperative diagnosis. This case report highlights the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration cytology not only in the diagnosis of meningiomas at an unusual location but also in predicting biological behavior.
Comparative Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Titanium Discs Subjected to Argon Plasma Surface Treatment: An in vitro Study
Authors: Sardesai Poonam M. , Nayakar Ramesh P. , Uppin Ritiha C. , Killedar Sayed M. , Kakodker Mangesh A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Titanium is the most widely used material for dental implants; however, its biological aging can lead to a decreased rate of osseointegration. Titanium surfaces on exposure to argon plasma possess a hydrophilic surface that increases the biological activity of osteoblasts on the implant surface. Hence, this in vitro study was undertaken to assess and compare the osteogenic potential and proliferative nature of osteoblast-like cells on titanium when subjected to argon plasma surface treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 108 titanium discs (10 mm × 2 mm ASTM B348) were included in the study, and their surface topography was characterized. The test specimens were divided into two subgroups based on surface treatments used, i.e. the study group (n = 54): titanium discs treated with argon plasma and the control group (n = 54): sandblasted titanium discs. The osteogenic potential of the specimens was evaluated by assessing the cell attachment using a hemocytometer and cell proliferation using an MTT assay on MG-63 cell lines at three different time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h.

Results:

The cell attachment and cell proliferation values were statistically significant (P = 0.001*). In comparison to the control group, these two parameters were considerably greater in the plasma-treated group. The total effect size of the study group was 85% as opposed to 35% of the control group.

Conclusion:

Argon plasma surface treatment had a positive effect on the cellular events of MG-63 cells which can be thought of as an added advantage along with the decontamination procedure for titanium to help in the process of osseointegration.
A Cauliflower-like Growth on the Anterior Mandibular Gingivae
Authors: Shetty Subraj J. , Pereira Treville , Desai Rajiv S.
Published: February 2024

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign, soft-tissue growth, mostly affecting the oral cavity. The distinguishing feature in its diagnosis is the occurrence of foam cells in the papillary connective tissue. The growth typically resembles a malignant tumor; therefore, the clinical presentation may be deceiving. The histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis is, therefore, crucial. Once entirely removed, there is a low likelihood of recurrence. Here, we describe a 60-year-old woman’s case with VX on the mandibular gingiva.
Quality of Sexual Life and Attitudes toward Menopause among Postmenopausal Women Living in Northern Cyprus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Uslu-Sahan Fatma , Er-Korucu Asli , Abic Arzu
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Most middle-aged women in the menopausal period consider sexuality an important part of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the quality of sexual life and attitudes toward menopause in postmenopausal women and the effects of their attitudes toward menopause on the quality of sexual life.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted with postmenopausal women in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus between July 2021 and April 2022. The research sample consisted of 255 postmenopausal women. The Attitudes Toward Menopause Scale and the Sexual Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) were used to collect data. The questionnaire forms were administered online. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression analysis.

Results:

The mean score of the participants on the SQLS was 43.54 ± 12.56 and the mean score of the Attitudes Toward Menopause Scale was 60.39 ± 16.29. The study revealed that variables such as age, level of education, employment status, duration of menopause, and knowledge about menopause have an effect on women’s sexual life quality. In addition to the listed variables, income level was found to affect attitudes toward menopause. A positive attitude toward menopause causes an increase in the level of sexual life quality (β = 0.544, R
2 = 0.30, F = 106.260, R = 0.544, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

The attitudes of postmenopausal women toward menopause are an important determinant of their sexual life quality. For this reason, it is recommended to develop and implement training programs that can improve sexual health of women and their attitudes toward menopause.
A Study to Assess the Prevalence and Factors Affecting Menopausal Symptoms among Middle-Aged Females in the Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Pragya , Vyas Shaili , Vallabh Vidisha , Nautiyal Ruchira , Srivastava Abhay , Semwal Jayanti
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Middle age is a link between adulthood and old age, which requires special attention. During middle age among females, changes like menopause occur, which is responsible for causing various physical, vasomotor, psychological, and social changes, which may affect overall well-being and positive mental health status. Hence, the present study has been planned to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged females.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out in rural and urban areas of district Dehradun among 400 females. A stratified systematic random sampling technique method was used. All the females fulfilling the inclusion criteria and aged 40–60 years were included in the study. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms.

Results:

A total of 400 women were recruited in the study, 200 from rural and urban areas each. The mean age of the total study participants was 50.00 ± 0.32 years. Among 400 middle-aged women, 189 were premenopausal and 211 were postmenopausal. The frequencies of occurrence of menopausal symptoms were explored in 189 premenopausal and 211 postmenopausal women. The mean age of premenopausal women was 44.21 ± 2.35 and postmenopausal was 54.39 ± 4.21. Females experienced varying grades of MENQOL symptoms.

Conclusions:

It was found that majority of the females’ quality of life were found to be affected with different grades of menopausal symptoms. With increasing age, symptoms also increase and are significantly high among postmenopausal women.
A Study on Quality of Life among the Elderly at Urban Health Center in North Delhi
Authors: Mahaur Gunjan , Dwivedi Archana , Joshi Deepika , Dwivedi Nidhi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Elderly population in India is growing around 3% annually and is supposed to triple by 2050 than that at the time of 2011 census, according to a country report published by the UN Population Fund (UNFPA, 2017). A better quality of life (QOL) of the elderly has become a major public health challenges of the 21st century, so timely emphasis on maintenance of physical health and psychological issues is crucial. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to measure QOL among the elderly population and to find out the association with sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study done among the elderly population of an urban health training center. The study includes the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief version and a questionnaire for sociodemographic variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine associations and P value.

Results:

The overall QOL scores ranged between 52 and 110, with a mean score of 78.59 ± 12.6. Good QOL was observed among 64.9%of the elderly, excellent was observed among 19.8%; and the rest 15.3% had fair/average, while none of the elderly had poor QOL. Determinants significantly associated with QOL with P < 0.05 are age, educational status, professional status, marital status, and behavior of children with them and the elderly with comorbidities.

Conclusion:

This study shows the association of multiple factors with QOL among the elderly. Factors such as age, educational status, professional status, marital status, and behavior of children with them and the elderly with comorbidities significantly affect the QOL of the elderly. Hence, strengthening the health-care system, increase in level of education, encouraging social interaction, social security systems, and better environmental infrastructure could potentially increase QOL of the elderly population.
Impact of Drug Price Regulation on Patient Access to Medicines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ashiwaju Bankole Ibrahim , Orikpete Ochuko Felix , Alade Elesho Yusuf , Raji Ahmed , Adesanya Abel Olusegun , Nwankwo Tochukwu Chinwuba
Published: February 2024

This systematic review explored the multifaceted impact of drug price regulation on patient access to essential medicines. Recognizing the complexity of this relationship, the paper investigates the influence of various types of drug price regulation mechanisms, the disparities across different geographical regions and health-care systems, and the differential effects between branded and generic drugs. Our findings illustrate that the effects of drug price regulation are not universally uniform or predictable, but rather, they are highly context dependent. Direct price control measures can, on the one hand, improve accessibility through affordability; yet on the other hand, potentially disrupt drug supply. Indirect price control methods, such as reference pricing and value-based pricing, while designed to spur competition, can be hampered by administrative complexities and potentially stifle pharmaceutical innovation. Despite the pervasive use of drug price regulation, access to essential medicines remains disparate and inequitable, indicating a need for a comprehensive approach that includes health system reforms, improved health literacy, and greater collaboration between stakeholders. Future research should further investigate the enduring disparities in patient access to medicines, the long-term effects of various pricing mechanisms, and their interplay with the evolving pharmaceutical industry and health-care landscapes.
Functional Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Wardani Retno S. , Rahmawati Elvie Zulka Kautzia , Hutauruk Syahrial Marsinta , Lekatompessy Michael , Afina Rizka Dany , Tamin Susyana , Supartono Natasha
Published: February 2024

Background:

Functional Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery needs indicators to determine success outcomes in the management of nasal obstruction-related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Materials and Methods:

Preexperimental pretest and posttest designed studies were performed to evaluate the percentage changes value of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) nasal obstruction, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), polysomnographic parameters, and upper airway collapsibility examined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Results:

Seventeen patients from 2 studies were recruited with mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index of 3.74 ± 3.30 and respiratory disturbance index of 7.03 ± 3.56. The first study showed a significant percentage change in inferior turbinate size, nasal obstruction VAS, peak nasal inspiratory flow, and ESS Score as well as the second study of significant differences pre- and postoperatively of NOSE (from 49.50 ± 19.2 to 4.50 ± 4.4) and ESS (from 12.60 ± 3.6 to 6.60 ± 3.9). Both studies significantly changed the percentage of the duration of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) to 81.4% ±100% (95% confidence interval − 23.6, 186.3) and a significant difference from preoperative of 4.93 ± 4.40% to post-operative of 11.89 ± 6.19%. Three subjects with preoperative epiglottic collapse (EC) showed a mean value of NOSE 60 ± 5 compared to the non-EC collapse of 45 ± 21.6. In postoperative, there were 4 subjects with EC collapse with a NOSE of 6.25 ± 4.7 and 6 subjects without EC collapse with a NOSE of 3.33 ± 4.1.

Conclusion:

Functional Endoscopic sinonasal surgery improves NOSE, ESS score, and REM sleep in OSA.
Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator-Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Report on 10 Cases
Authors: Al-Assiry Ahmed M. , AlAssiry Mansour A.
Published: February 2024

The superficial circumflex iliac artery flap or as it was traditionally called the groin flap has gained a growing interest recently with the concept of perforators that revolutionized our understanding of many other classic flaps like the deep inferior epigastric artery, the thoracodorsal artery-based flaps, and many others. This revisiting process was brought about by further deeper knowledge of the anatomy of these flaps at finer levels. These advances made it possible to raise flaps with minimal donor site morbidities as well as to expand the applications for certain flaps to include different tissue components that serve the reconstructive needs better. Recent studies investigated its vascular supply, and a refined approach was adopted for using it in reconstruction. Another factor for revisiting this flap, is the lymph nodes that lie in its territory that may be used for lymph node transplant in lymphedema cases. Our objective from this report on 10 cases, is to display the flexibility and uses of the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) free flap. We utilized the SCIP flap for ten sequential patients between November 2019 to August 2020 that were reconstructed with primary or secondary reconstruction in the head and neck region. All were performed by the same primary surgeon and his team. The serial cases incorporated 6 females and 4 males with a mean age of 51.5 years (range 16–80 years). In two cases, this flap was designed in a chimeric fashion including a bony segment from the iliac crest. In conclusion, we have found that the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap has a reliable anatomy which facilitates a fast and easy dissection. Among others, this flap has shown that it has a strong advantage since it displayed minimal donor site morbidity.
Intratympanic Steroid Use for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Otolaryngology Practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kanawi Hala M. Ali , Amoodi Hosam A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is commonly defined as a hearing loss of more than 30 decibels in three consecutive frequencies that occurs within 72 h. In most cases, it is considered idiopathic, and an evidence-based strategy to treat it is still debated. We aim to analyze the current practice of intratympanic steroid injection (ITSI) for SSNHL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and compare it to the published data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and continental Europe.

Methodology:

A survey of 28 questions was distributed among Otolaryngology Consultants and Specialists of KSA. It includes questions about demographics, indications for IT treatment, procedure, follow-up, and outcomes.

Results:

We received 75 responses. Around 66% of them indicated that they use ITSI to treat idiopathic SSNHL (ISSNHL). Forty-six percent (n = 23) did not use ITSI as a primary therapy. Forty percent (n = 20) used it in combination with other treatments, including oral steroids, and 14% (n = 7) used it as a primary monotherapy. The majority (36%, n = 18) considered using ITSI for up to 1 month. The commonly used course of treatment for our ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctors was three injections (50% n = 25), with a weekly dose being the most frequent interval (42% n = 21).

Conclusion:

This study showed wide variability in practice among Saudi ENT clinicians. This variation has been found across countries, in the UK, US, and continental Europe, which tells us that this is a global issue and there is not yet one unified protocol to be followed in the treatment of ISSNHL.
Facial Artery and Vein Myomucosal Flap: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Alansari Khadija Yusuf , Khan Faateh , Sabra Omar
Published: February 2024

Islanded facial artery myomucosal flap (iFAMM) provide a reliable, thin, and pliable reconstruction modality for oral cavity defects with variable harvesting techniques. When pedicled on the facial artery and vein, intra-oral lesions can be closed in a single stage without the need for microvascular techniques. We discuss five cases here of patients ranging in age from 47 to 69 years, diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who underwent reconstruction of the oral cavity through the use of the iFAMM after primary excision of the local lesions by hemiglossectomy. All five patients had good postoperative outcomes with desirable aesthetic and functional results. iFAMM flap is an underestimated, satisfactory reconstructive tool for oral cavity defects after local excision of primary tumors. The pedicled technique over the facial artery and vein provides more reach and practicality for this flap.
Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in the evaluation of peripheral ischemia in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Crincoli Emanuele , Sacconi Riccardo , Servillo Andrea , Tombolini Beatrice , Querques Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

In the last decade, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has become part of the clinical management of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), proving in itself a useful technique for both the prediction of visual acuity (VA) outcomes and the risk of complications. In fact, OCTA has been proven a valid imaging technique in detailed assessment of foveal and parafoveal microvascular status in both acute and chronic RVO. Quantitative OCTA data have shown a significant correlation not only with final VA but also with the extension of peripheral ischemia, which represents a major risk factor for macular edema recurrence and neovascularization onset. Finally, wide-field OCTA represents a promising noninvasive technique for the assessment of peripheral ischemia. The aim of this review is to report the main literature findings about microvascular changes and clinical applications of OCTA in the context of RVO-induced peripheral ischemia.
Outcomes of 320-degree intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for advanced keratoconus
Authors: Chen Nan-Ni , Sun Chi-Chin
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to investigate visual and tomographic outcomes and complications of long-arc length intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation for the treatment of advanced keratoconus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective study enrolled 10 eyes of 9 subjects. All patients received 320-degree ICRS (320-ICRS) implantation with femtosecond laser-assisted technique based on their advanced grading with preoperative high keratometry (K) value, asphericity (Q), and astigmatism. Medical records and corneal tomography changes of consecutive patients were reviewed at baseline, 1, and 3 months after treatment.

RESULTS:

There are 6 female and 3 male patients with a mean age of 29.6 ± 7.8 years in this study. Mean K (Km) reduced from 59.01 ± 5.81 D preoperatively to 50.7 ± 5.3 and 50.2 ± 3.66 postoperatively (after 1 month and 3 months respectively, P < 0.001). The changes in mean K, K1, K2, and maximum K (Kmax) reading were all statistically significant (all P < 0.001). Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) improved from 20/400 to 20/200. Mean best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/100 to 20/60. Both UCVA and BCVA showed a trend of improvement at postoperative month 3, though insignificant in BCVA (P = 0.114). Mean Q improved from −1.59 ± 0.62 preoperatively to −0.48 ± 1.08 and −0.11 ± 1.04 postoperatively (after 1 month and 3 months respectively, P = 0.016, 0.002). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present results suggest that implanting a 320-ICRS is a safe and effective procedure for treating patients with advanced keratoconus. Preoperative corneal measurements and the selection of types and thickness of ICRS are important to prevent unpredictable results.
IoT and Relaying Aided Transmission Technologies for Monitoring Electrical Equipment Status
Authors: Yi Yawen , Chen Chuan , Chen Ziran , Jie Ganxin , Tu Yong , Zhang Qijun
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to monitoring the status of electrical equipment using Internet of Things (IoT) and relaying-aided transmission technologies, where data rate is used as a key metric for evaluating system monitoring performance. In this framework, relaying plays a pivotal role, enhancing the robustness and efficiency of data transmission in the monitoring process. We employ the optimal relay selection algorithms to identify and employ the most effective relay to assist in the transmission, thereby optimizing the communication link between the electrical equipment and the monitoring system. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the system's capabilities, we delve into the analytical aspects by deriving expressions for the data rate. These expressions offer insights into the theoretical performance limits and the factors influencing the efficiency of the system. The theoretical framework is further complemented by a series of simulations. These simulations validate the analytical models developed in the study, and provide practical scenarios to demonstrate the real-world applicability and effectiveness of the proposed IoT and relaying-aided transmission technologies in monitoring electrical equipment.
On graded division rings
Authors: Kawai Daniel E. N. , Sánchez Javier
Published: February 2024

Given an associative ring with identity

R

and a ring homomorphism

f\colon R\rightarrow D

to a division ring

D

, the singular kernel of

f

is the set of square matrices of all sizes over

R

, which, on applying

f

, yield singular matrices over

D

. Paul M. Cohn characterized the sets of square matrices that can arise as singular kernels and showed that, up to isomorphism, the singular kernels characterize the different homomorphisms from

R

to division rings. In this work, we show that this characterization can be implemented in the context of graded rings. More precisely, given a ring

R

graded by a group

\Gamma

we adapt the theory of Cohn to determine the different homomorphisms of graded rings from

R

to

\Gamma

-graded division rings.
Polypropylene Composite Materials with Natural Fiber Reinforcement:
An Acoustic and Mechanical Analysis for Automotive
Implementations
Authors: Kaliappan S. , Natrayan L.
Published: February 2024

This research looks at the acoustic and mechanical characteristics of
polypropylene (PP) composites supplemented with natural fibers to determine
whether they are appropriate for automotive use. To generate composites that are
hybrids, four diverse natural fibers, including Calotropis gigantea (CGF), jute,
sisal, and kenaf, were mixed into PP matrices. The study examines how fiber
type, frequency, and thickness affect sound absorption and mechanical strength.
The results show that these natural fiber-reinforced composites have improved
mechanical characteristics, with CGF (73.26 shore D value of Hardness), sisal
(42.35 MPa tensile) and jute fibers showing particularly promising materials.
Furthermore, the acoustic study emphasizes these materials’ frequency-dependent
sound absorption properties, with particular efficacy in mid-frequency regions.
Such organic reinforcement fiber materials’ acoustic performance is tested at 5
mm and 10 mm thicknesses. When a 5 mm thick sample is examined, it is clear that
the coefficient of sound absorption is continuously less than 0.30 at 500 Hz and
climbs to a range around 0.87 and 0.96 at 2000 Hz. Only Calotropis gigantea
(CGF) and kenaf fibres show a steady rise in their sound absorption coefficient
from 500 Hz to 2000 Hz as the sample thickness increases to 10 mm. This study
contributes to developing environmentally friendly and superior materials for
future automobile uses by providing helpful insights into the optimal
configuration of naturally derived fiber-based composites for sound insulation
and reinforcement of frameworks in the automobile industry.
Islam and Cults: A Study of the Implementation of the Fatwa Policy of the Indonesian Ulema Council
Authors: Purba Arief Marizki , Nasution Nabila Fahira , Bangun Immanuel Cristwo
Published: February 2024

Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council serves as a decision to guide the implementation of Muslim religious worship in Indonesia. Problems that occur related to religious harmony are indications of cult practices in Indonesia. This research looks at Islam and Cults in Indonesia and the mechanism of the Indonesian Ulema Council's Fatwa policy towards the dissolution of cults. In addition, this study looks at the implications of the Fatwa Policy of the Indonesian Ulema Council on Muslim harmony. This research used a desk research approach through qualitative methods and aimed to identify objectives, select sources, collect data, and compile and analyse data to conclude. The results showed that MUI Fatwa plays an essential role in maintaining the order of religious life in Indonesia by determining the religious life of Muslims based on Islamic teachings. This includes determining the status of heretical groups, involving proper interpretive science, dissolving and stopping heretical activities, and cooperating with the government and religious leaders to protect the community. MUI's Fatwa has a positive impact on the eradication of cults based on a solid Islamic legal foundation, acting as a party that protects the community from deviant activities.
A Theological Reflection of ‘Imago Dei’ as a Response to ‘LGBTQ’ Advocates
Authors: Owoeye Emmanuel Akande
Published: February 2024

The paper aims to engage a theological reflection of Imago Dei as a response to some of the claims of the LGBTQ movement. The reason is consequent to one of the Postmodern challenges, which is an assault challenging the sex of human beings as either male or female. There are arguments for and against the notion that people are created either gay, bisexual, transgender, or straight, for which some are advocating for equal rights and recognition. The paper examined the LGBTQ concept and some of the claims of its advocates. With an analytical approach, the paper submits that being gay, lesbian, or transgender is a choice premised on distorted thinking patterns that have nothing to do with natural inclination. The paper concluded by affirming that human beings as the image
of God imply the substantive, relational and functional purposes of humanity, which can only be achieved in two sexes, male and female, making up the whole of humanity for marriage, family life, and community. The implication is that the Church should be intentional in the promotion of sexual education according to biblical teachings.
A Theological Study of the Impact of an Interreligious Marriage: Self-Adjustment in Couples from Different Religions
Authors: Rifayanti Rina , Ramadhani Ayunda , Rahman Nadya Novia , Zahra Nirita , Affifa Ken , Adilah Sakinah , Diana
Published: February 2024

In the world in which we currently live, individuals of different religions may be involved in many dating relationships. Interfaith couples do not have a comfortable space in this set-up because of their different backgrounds and beliefs. Consequently, interfaith relationships come under much pressure from their environment, such as friendships and families. Problems often found in relationships between interfaith couples are obtaining approval from parents and family, the views of people around them, and conflicts resulting from interfaith relationships relating to issues of faith. Differences in religion and belief should factor in conflict between couples in interfaith relationships. Self-adjustment is very important to do and strive for to achieve happiness and find peace. This research undertaken was qualitative research using phenomenological methods. The data collection methods used were interviews and observation. The data collection technique used a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique consisted of preparing and processing data, reading all the data, coding, describing the coding results into themes being analyzed, presenting themes in narrative form, and interpreting the data. The research showed that the subjects were less able to adapt to the environment in interfaith marriages. The subject's emotional and social self-adjustment means that the subjects choose to undergo a relationship without thinking about the possibilities of what might happen in the future and ignore the opinions
of the environment so that harmony and peace in the relationship are maintained. Future researchers can examine other factors regarding adjustment to interfaith relationships to discover new things experienced by students and others in interfaith relationships. Psychologically and sociologically, interfaith marriages can trigger and strengthen existing disputes. In addition, interfaith marriages are also considered to cause psychological and educational problems for children because they are confused about which religion to follow. Thus, allowing interfaith marriages often creates inconsistencies with the relevant legal provisions relating to guardianship, inheritance, and other related issues in such marriages.