bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the mechanism of action of drinking mineral waters in the small intestines
Authors: Filimonov R. M , Gerasimenko Marina Yu.
Published: September 2020

Federal state budgetary institution “Russian Research Centre of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy”, Russian Ministry of Health, 121099, Moscow, Russia The majority of the enzymes need cofactors to manifest their catabolic activity. One group of the cofactors is comprised of metals. Many reactions involved in biosynthesis of biologically active compounds depend on the presence of macro- and microelements. In this context, mineral waters are of special importance as containing a great variety of mineral substances that exert the well-apparent influence on many biological processes, physiological and biochemical reactions. The mechanisms of their action on these processes are not yet properly understood and await an in-depth investigation. The present article is focused on the significance of mineral water (MW) consumption as one of the most important factors in the nutritional support of homeostasis of the digestive system and the organism at large. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of mineral waters on the nutrient transport and absorption processes in the small intestines with special reference to the role of peroxidation and certain adenosine triphosphatases. The paramount importance of maintaining the proper pH level is underscored. Bearing in mind the complicated character and poor knowledge of the mechanisms of action of mineral waters in the organism, the authors emphasize the necessity of their interdisciplinary investigation.
The influence of abdominal decompression on microhemodynamics in the patients presenting with vertebral osteochondrosis
Authors: Kir'yanova V. V , Chaban A. A , Makarov Evgeniy A.
Published: September 2020

The patients presenting with the manifestations of reflectory syndromes associated with lumbar osteochondrosis were examined for the determination of the velocity and volumetric characteristics of the blood flow in the vessels of the microcirculatory system on the fingernail beds of the first digits of both the upper and lower extremities following a course of abdominal decompression. The hemodynamic events at these sites were studied by means of transcutaneous ultrasound dopplerography (USD) in the minimally invasivemode with the use of a “Minimax-Doppler-K” computer-controlled ultrasound device. The results thus obtained before and after the treatment by abdominal decompression with the help of a KAD-01-AKTs “Nadezhda” apparatus were compared. The treatment consisted of 10 procedures. A total of 35 patients at the mean age of 41 ± 12,17 years were available for the examination. It was shown that the treatment resulted in the improvement of microcirculation at all the sites where it was measured. The results of the study give evidence of the active influence of abdominal decompression on the blood flow velocity in the microcirculation system and of the reflectory activation of microcirculation in the regions that are not directly affected by the pathogenic factor.
The electrophysiological criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with the use of the Sheno corset and acupuncture
Authors: Shmelev Valeriy Viktorovich , Vorontsova O. I , Goncharova L. A , Rasulov M. D
Published: September 2020

This article was designed to present the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined conservative treatment of grade II and III idiopathic scoliosis in 37 patients at the age from 12 to 16 years with the use of the Sheno corset, acupuncture, and therapeutic physical exercises. The evaluation was based on the study of dynamic and electromyographic characteristics and the data obtained before, during and after the treatment with the help of the diagnostic Vicon T40 motion capture system. The study has demonstrated the changes in the nervous-muscular apparatus of the skeletal muscles, such as a significant increase of conductivity, that developed under effect of the treatment. They confirm the effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic modality.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOTECHNIQUES AND CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH LICHEN PLANUS
Authors: Levshin Roman Nikolayevich , Fedotova K. Yu , Kotenko K. V
Published: September 2020

Lichen planus refers to a common chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin. From lichen planus suffers 0.1% to 2.4% of the population. In most patients, the process has a tendency to relapsing course, and the methods of relief of exacerbations mainly include the use of corticosteroids, which have side effects. In recent years there have been few studies of the effectiveness of narrowband ultraviolet therapy, polychromatic polarized light, however, the problem of therapy of patients with lichen planus remains relevant. Under our observation there were 62 patients in age from 20 to 54 years with different clinical forms of lichen planus. Patients of the main group additionally received pulsed polarized light therapy and a topical inhibitor of calcineurin, patients of comparison groups received pulsed polarized light therapy or a topical inhibitor of calcineurin. Evaluation of effectiveness was based on clinical (dermatological indexes) and special methods (biochemical, immunological). The use of the combined method in patients with lichen planus caused high therapeutic and preventive effects, as evidenced by the improvement indices dermatologicaly status and improving the quality of life, positive dynamics of the content of histamine, expression of Toll-receptors according to the direct and remote observations.
Influence of the intravenous laser therapy on ceruloplasmin serum concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod Vladimirovich , Leshina O. A. , Zaitsev V. G.
Published: September 2020

Рatients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with the intravenouse red lasertherapy. Levels of ceruloplasmin, bilirubin, transaminazes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes activity, intrahepatic hemodynamics were determined before and after therapy course. Treatment revealed correction of all indexes, improvement of general conditions after therapy course. Thus, intravenouse red lasertherapy is an effective non-drug method for treatment of chronic diffuse liver diseases.
Physical rehabilitation of patients with shoulder joint dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Arkhipova Nataly V. , Pomeshkina Svtlana A. , Inozemtseva Anastasiya A. , Barbarash Olga Leonidovna
Published: September 2020

Background. Use of a complex of special exercises with a low-load long-term regime of tissue stretching in exercise therapy (ET) after a coronary artery bypass surgery is an effective method that enables not only to reduce and even eliminate completely pain sensations, but also to start the recovery process in the joint.
Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of the low-load long-term regime of tissue stretching using special exercises in exercise therapy in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint that developed after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Methods. The study included 97 patients with coronary heart disease, who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. At the inpatient rehabilitation stage 2, the patients were randomized into two comparable groups, namely the main group which received in addition to the standard rehabilitation program the therapy classes exercises aimed at relaxing, sparing stretching the shoulder girdle muscles and increase in the amplitude of movements in the shoulder joint, and the comparison group which was engaged in the traditional program. The patients condition was evaluated 12 and 26 days after the coronary artery bypass surgery. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination.
Results. When assessing the changes in time of exercise load tolerance, evaluated by the six-minute walk test, in patients of both compared groups, this indicator increased significantly in comparison with the initial level, however, in patients who practiced special exercises within ET, the increase was more pronounced. In addition, in patients who performed special exercises within ET, exercise tolerance was significantly higher before discharge at the stage II of rehabilitation in comparison with patients who applied traditional ET methods. When analyzing the changes in time of the severity of the range of motion limitation in the shoulder joint and the respiratory excursion index, their significant increase was noted only in the group with special exercises. In the group with traditional ET methods, these indicators have not been changed. After a month, these indicators in patients with traditional methods of exposure were significantly lower than in the group with special exercises.
Balneotherapy and physiotherapy in treatment of cognitive and psychoemotional disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Cherevaschenko Lyubov A. , Serebryakov Artem A. , Kulikov Nikolay N. , Tereshin Anatolii T. , Cherevashchenko Igor A.
Published: September 2020

Background. Chronic cerebral ischemia, or discirculatory encephalopathy, is one of the most common neurological diagnosis in Russia. This condition is defined as a chronic, progressive, non-stroke-related vascular lesion of the brain, which is manifested predominantly by cognitive impairment. Therapeutic measures for cognitive impairment include, first of all, the prevention of acute cerebrovascular accidents and chronic vascular cerebral insufficiency. The development and implementation of highly effective non-drug treatment methods, having few side effects, is an urgent problem in contemporary medicine. Such treatment methods can include balneotherapy and physiotherapy.
Aim: to justify the possibility and expediency of applying at the health resort treatment stage the combined use of iodine-bromine baths and a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia in order to correct cognitive and psychoemotional disorders and improve the quality of life.
Methods. The study included 90 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, who were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The control group patients received iodine-bromine baths, the comparison group patients received exposure to an alternating pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field using the HIVAMAT-200 apparatus, and the main group patients received iodine-bromine baths and exposure to a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field. The cognitive and emotional-volitional sphere was studied using standard neuropsychological techniques, namely the minimum cognitive deficit scale Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Lurias test, the Clock Drawing test, Schulte tables, and Yu.L. Hanins anxiety scales. The study of quality of life was performed using the Russian version of the general questionnaire MOS SF 36 Iterm Short-Form Health Survey.
Results. It has been proved that as a result of treatment, disorders of memory and attention are reduced, the general cognitive status of patients is improved, which slows down the disease progression, reduces the risk of vascular catastrophes and dementia.
Conclusion. New medical technologies developed for the treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia at the health resort treatment stage are highly effective, pathogenetically substantiated, and can be recommended for widespread use in a network of health resort institutions and rehabilitation and preventive institutions of practical health care.
Physiotherapy in the early rehabilitation of patients with bone sarcomas after endoprosthetic replacement of large bones and joints
Authors: Grushina T. I. , Teplyakov Valerij V.
Published: September 2020

Background. The literature evidences the absence of negative effect of low-frequency electric and magnetic therapy in the treatment of late complications of onco-orthopedic surgeries on the course of a number of bone sarcomas. This enabled for the first time to include local low-frequency magnetotherapy, low-intensity infrared laser radiation, electroneuromyostimulation, and therapeutic exercises in the early rehabilitation of 36 patients with primary malignant and metastatic bone tumors, with the history of endoprosthetic replacement of large bones and joints with the inclusion of reconstructive grafting component.
Aim: to develop and evaluate the efficiency of the complex of early rehabilitation of patients with bone tumors after endoprosthetic replacement of large bones and joints.
Methods. Physiotherapy started from the day 1 after the surgery and lasted for 10 days. In a prospective, open, nonrandomized controlled cohort study, the control methods included the baseline state control, active control, and historical control. To assess the functional result, the international MSTS scale was used.
Results. The combined application of the reconstructive grafting component during curative surgery and physiotherapy enabled to obtain good functional result in 63.9% of the patients at the time of discharge, and satisfactory functional result was registered in 36.1% of patients on the MSTS scale. The function of the preserved limb in 10 patients after distal femoral bone excision with knee joint replacement amounted to 80%, and in 7 patients after proximal tibia excision, it was 72%; in 13 patients after proximal excision of the femoral bone with hip replacement, it was 59%; in 5 patients after proximal excision of the upper arm bone with the shoulder joint replacement, it was 61.3%; and in 1 patient after proximal excision of the ulnar bone with the elbow joint replacement, it amounted to 70% of the normal function. A multidisciplinary approach to the early rehabilitation of patients with bone tumors enabled to achieve good functional results in a short time, reduce the time spent by patients in the surgical department, without increase in the number of postoperative complications.
Conclusion. Given the preliminary results obtained, further research is required with a larger number of patients and with a long follow-up period.
Low-intensity low-frequency magnetotherapy in the early postoperative period in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Evstigneeva Inna S. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu.
Published: September 2020

Background. Rehabilitation of patients after radical treatment of breast cancer is especially relevant due to the fact that successes in diagnostics and treatment of this disease in recent years have led to an increase in the life expectancy of female patients. Aim. to compare the efficiency of various methods of low-frequency low-intensity magnetotherapy in patients operated on for breast cancer, in the early terms (24 days) after surgery. Methods. Objective and instrumental examination was performed in 78 patients after radical surgical treatment of breast cancer in the early stages (24 days) after surgery. All patients received a course of low-frequency low-intensity magnetotherapy. Results. When applying the extended technique (the effect on the segmental-reflex region and upper limb from the side of the surgery), patients noted an improvement in the quality of life, a decrease in swelling of the upper limb, and a decrease in pain syndrome. A decrease in the number of postoperative complications and the duration of lymphorrhea was noted. Conclusion. Thus, the use of various methods of low-frequency low-intensity magnetotherapy is advisable to use in the early terms (24 days) after surgical treatment, however, the use of the advanced technique provides high function capabilities and enables to get a more pronounced and lasting clinical result.
Combined use of fractional co2 laser and collagenase diadynamophoresis in correction of contour plastic surgery complications
Authors: Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Alekseenko Irina P.
Published: September 2020

Background. One of the most frequent complications of aesthetic correction methods is the problem of contouring, visualization, or local tightening of the skin at the sites of administration of the agent based on calcium hydroxyapatite, which occurs in violation of the injection technique.
Aim: to study the efficiency of the combined method including a course of diadynamophoresis of collagenase 1000 KE (collagenase units) and a fractional CO2 laser procedure in correction of a surface-injected preparation in late terms.
Methods. Clinical and instrumental examination of 24 women (average age 38.2 3.5 years) was conducted. All patients complained of complications after the contour plastic surgery procedure using a preparation based on calcium hydroxyapatite, in the form of contouring of the preparation and superficial skin tightening on the face at the filler injection site.
Results. When comparing the control, main and reference groups, it was revealed that the combined use of collalysin diadynamophoresis and fractional CO2 laser at low parameters improves significantly the quality of life in terms of the adapted dermatological index. Clinical improvement was registered in all groups, but it was most significant in the main one, which correlated with the data of ultrasound examination with a 33 MHz sensor. In the main group, faster biodegradation was noted, and the volume of the surface-injected filler decreased 2.5 times after 1 month and 6 times after 2 months.
Conclusion. The combined use of collalysin diadynamophoresis and a fractional CO2 laser is an effective complex for the correction of complications after contour plastic surgery of fillers based on calcium hydroxyapatite.
THE INTER-DISCIPLINARY CONCEPTUALIZATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE AS A SOCIAL SUB-INSTITUTION
Authors: Krom I. L , Erugina M. V , Andriyanova E. A , Shmerkevitch A. B
Published: September 2020

The health care is considered as a social institution since XX century. The main purpose of health care is in amelioration, rehabilitation and promotion of health. This social institution, according to its implementing functions, comprises four sub-institutions. The analysis of trends of institutionalization of the sub-institution «Palliative medical care» is presented in methodological plane of system of social structural functions (AGIL). From the perspective of dysfunctional practices of sub-institution of palliative medical care developing in Russia, a medicalization of palliative care is discussed.
THE ATTITUDE OF POPULATION TO NATIONAL PROGRAMS OF TRANSPLANTATION OF ORGANS AND ORGAN DONORSHIP
Authors: Romanov S. V
Published: September 2020

The article considers issues of population attitude to programs of transplantation and donorship of human organs. The comparative analysis is presented concerning awareness of issues of modern development of transplantology, attitude to national legislation of organ donorship and readiness for personal support of postmortem organ donorship among University students in Russia and Germany. The necessity of informing activities is emphasized since population attitude determines success of the National programs of transplantation and donorship of human organs.
THE PROBLEM OF REGULATION OF POSTMORTEM ORGAN DONORSHIP AS A CONSTITUENT OF SOCIAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE IN THE LEGISLATION RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Romanov S. V
Published: September 2020

The article considers issues of regulation of postmortem organ donorship in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The analysis is presented concerning application of the most significant concepts of the Russian law of medical care regulating postmortem organ donorship. The justification of given a more accurate specification to «medical service» concept is proposed.
THE PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF LECTURER OF UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL PROFILE
Authors: Koychueva S. M
Published: September 2020

The research activity of medical University lecturers is inextricably linked with pedagogical and medical activities. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to scientific component of activities of lecturing staff. The article presents the results of sociological survey of lecturing staff of the medical University concerning various aspects of their scientific activities. It is established that younger generation of medical University lecturers lose interest in scientific activities due to lacking of financial and moral incentives. Another reason of low research activity of lecturers is poor knowledge of foreign languages.
The influence of constant slight myopic defocus prescribed in the binocular and alternating monocular spectacle formats on the onset and progression of myopia in the children
Authors: Tarutta E. P , Khodzhabekyan N. V , Filinova O. B , Milash Sergei V. , Kruzhkova G. V
Published: September 2020

Objective. To elucidate the long-term influence of constant slight myopic defocus prescribed in the binocular and the alternating monocular spectacle formats on the dynamics of refraction and its components in the children. Material and methods. The study involved 129 children (258 eyes) at the age varying from 5 to 12 years. The patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 was comprised of 48 children at the age of 5-8 years presenting with emmetropia and risk factors of the development of myopia. Group 2 consisted of 46 children at the age from 7 to 11 years with slight myopia between -0.75 and -2.25 D to whom the alternating continuous wearing of two pairs of spectacles was prescribed. The first control group was composed of 15 children (30 eyes) at the age from 6 to 9 (mean 7.5 ± 1.4) years presenting with pseudomyopia without correction. The second control group was comprised of 20 children (40 eyes) at the age from 7 to 12 (mean 9.7 ± 1.2) years having slight myopia and wearing conventional spectacle correction. Results. The children of group 1subjected to constant slight myopic defocus during one month experienced a shift of refraction toward hypermetropia attributable to the thinning of the lens and deepening of the anterior chamber. None of the children in this group developed myopia during the follow-up period of up to 9 years. In the patients of group 2, refraction remained unaltered during either 4 years (81.8% of the cases) or 7 years (66.6% of the cases). An insignificant increase in the length of the antero-posterior axis was documented in these children along with the significant increase of the horizontal diameter (HD) of the eyeball. The dynamic observation of the children of both control groups during 3 years has demonstrated the strengthening of cycloplegic refraction associated with the significant increase of the length of the antero-posterior axis and the insignificant increase of the transverse diameter of the eyeball. Conclusion. The permanent slight myopic defocusing of the image in the binocular spectacle format slows down the growth of the eyes and the shift of refraction toward myopia in the children with mild hypermetropia, emmetropia, and slight myopia. The proposed method for alternating monolateral constant slight myopic defocus inhibits progression of myopia in 81.8% of the children presenting with mild myopia during 4 years and in 66.6% of them during 7 years.
The results of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty in the children
Authors: Pleskova Alla Vyacheslavovna , Mazanova E. V
Published: September 2020

Objective. To evaluate the immediate and long-term biological and functional results of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty (RPKP) in the children. Materials and methods. We undertook a comparative analysis of the outcomes of 86 cases of the surgical intervention on 74 children presenting with corneal opacities of different etiology who had been treated with the application of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty based at the Department of Eye Pathology in Children, The Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases. All operations were made by the same surgeon during the period from 2008 to 2014. The results of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty were compared with the outcomes of conventional penetrating keratoplasty. The biological results were evaluated in terms of the graft survival (Kaplan-Meir’s) model. The duration of the postoperative follow-up period ranged from 5 months to 8 years and averaged 20,8 ± 9,7 months in the children treated with the use of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty and to 3,0 ± 15,4 months in the patients treated by means of conventional penetrating keratoplasty. Results. During the early postoperative period (within 1 and 6 months after surgery), the difference in the graft survival rate between the two groups was practically non-existent. After 1 month, the transparency of the transplanted cornea was fairly well preserved in the children of both groups, but persisted for 6 months only in 72% and 95% of the patients treated by reconstructive and conventional penetrating keratoplasty respectively. One year after surgery, the graft survival in the children treated with the use of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty was documented in 54% of the cases in comparison with 78% in the patients treated by means of conventional penetrating keratoplasty. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0,05). Two and three years after surgery, the transparency of the transplanted cornea in the children treated with the use of reconstructive penetrating keratoplasty fell down to 50% and 20% respectively. During the same periods, the transparency of the transplanted cornea in the children treated by means of conventional penetrating keratoplasty remained as high as 76% and 62% respectively. Conclusion. Although the combination of penetrating keratoplasty with other surgical modalities results in the almost three-fold reduction of the probability of engraftment of the transparent corneal transplant in the remote postoperative period in comparison with the standard implantation of the donor cornea transplant, this operation provides the only possibility for the restoration of vision in the children suffering from severe corneal pathology.
The influence of the central corneal thickness on the characteristics of the ophthalmic tone in the children presenting with congenital microphthalmia
Authors: Sudovskaya Tatyana Viktorovna , Bobrovskaya Yu. A , Makarova A. A , Kokoeva N. Sh , Veklich Ya. O
Published: September 2020

Objective. To evaluate the influence of the central corneal thickness on the characteristics of the ophthalmic tone in the children presenting with congenital microphthalmia of different severity and to describe its clinical significance for diagnostics of glaucoma and prescription of hypotensive therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 40 children (80 eyes) at the age from 5 to 17 years presenting with congenital microphthalmia of different severity were available for the examination. The children remained under the examination during 10 and more years. They were divided into three groups in terms of severity of microphthalmia. Thirteen children were admitted with the diagnosis of “glaucoma”. The comprehensive ophthalmological examination was supplemented by the measurement of the central corneal thickness. Results. The analysis of the results of the examination gave evidence of the increased central corneal thickness in all the patients with grade 1 - III microphthalmia included in the study. The measurement of the central corneal thickness is important for the establishment of the diagnosis of “glaucoma” because it exerts the direct influence on the characteristics of the ophthalmic tone in the children presenting with congenital microphthalmia. Conclusion. The present study has demonstrated the fairly well apparent relationship between the central corneal thickness, the severity of microphthalmia and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the children presenting with congenital microphthalmia. The higher the severity of microphthalmia the greater the central corneal thickness and the intraocular pressure.
THE DYNAMICS OF THE LENGTH OF THE ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR EYE AXIS FOLLOWING THE EXTRACTION OF UNILATERAL CONGENITAL CATARACTS WITH THE IMPLANTATION OF INTRAOCULAR LENSES IN THE CHILDREN DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Katargina L. A , Kruglova T. B , Egiyan N. S , Trifonova O. B
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Unilateral congenital cataracts in the children account for up to 16.0% of the total number of congenital cataracts diagnosed among the pediatric population. Aphakia is considered to be the most physiological method for the surgical treatment and correction of unilateral congenital cataracts in the combination with the implantation of intraocular lenses. The optical power of the lenses is calculated based on the results of evaluation of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior eye axis in individual patients. Aim. The objective of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes in the children presenting with pseudophakia following the extraction of unilateral congenital cataract. Materials and methods. The study included a total of 77 children with unilateral congenital cataracts examined before and after the surgical treatment. Phacoaspiration in the combination with the implantation of intraocular lenses was performed in the patients at the age varying from 3 to 11 months. The infants underwent the ultrasound biometric study and the evaluation of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis in the affected eye in comparison with that in the contralateral eye before they reached the age of 7 years. Results. The results of this study give evidence of marked variability of the dynamics of the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes following the early surgical treatment of the children presenting with unilateral congenital cataracts. Conclusion. The differences in the tendency toward the change in the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyes following the surgical treatment of unilateral congenital cataracts in the children during the first year of life suggest the necessity of further in-depth investigations and the need for the regular follow-up of such patients for the purpose of choosing the proper approach to the correction of the refraction error and ametropia.
THE CLINICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EYE INJURIES INFLICTED BY “PLASTIC BULLETS” IN THE IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE
Authors: Kutukov Alexei Yur’evich , Kutukova N. V
Published: September 2020

Introduction. During the recent years, the overall structure of eye injuries in the children has been characterized by a significant proportion of damages inflicted by “plastic bullets” fired from a toy weapon. Biomechanics of “plastic bullets” syndrome has not been described in sufficient detail. Aim. The purpose of the present study was to determine the force of impact of the plastic bullets on the eyeball and the degree of elevation of intraocular pressure in the injured eyes. Material and methods. A “Chron-1” ballistic chronograph was used throughout the study. Moreover, we designed the original device that allows to make the necessary measurements in the simple and precise manner. Its application enabled us to measure the speed of the plastic bullets covering the distances much greater than it was possible to determine with the help of the ordinary ballistic chronographs. Results. The calculated data were compared with the clinical symptoms of this type of eyeball contusions in 55 children. The inflicted changes in their eyes observed in the experiments proved to be consistent with those apprehended theoretically. Both suggest a very high risk of injury to the eye created by this type of the shooting toys. Conclusion. The proposed measuring system makes it possible to simplify and improve the accuracy of the evaluation of the kinetic energy of the plastic bullets fired from a toy weapon. It has a greater potential for conducting the relevant studies compared with that provided by the standard ballistic chronographs. The results of the present experimental study are in excellent agreement with the clinical observations and give evidence of the very high risk of injury to the eye created by the shooting toys firing “plastic bullets”.
ORGANIZATION OF PROVISION OF THE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CARE FOR THE CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN THE CHELYABINSK REGION UNDER CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO THE INTERNATIONAL CRITERIA FOR LIVE BIRTH
Authors: Panova I. E , Kireeva G. N , Chervonyak Irina Aleksandrovna , Tagieva E. P
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was to contribute to the improvement of the work of the services providing the ophthalmological care for the children presenting with retinopathy of prematurity in the Chelyabinsk region based on the analysis of the main characteristics of their activities under conditions of transition to the international criteria for live birth. Materials and methods. We have elaborated the model for the organization of the ophthalmological aid to the children comprising the group of enhanced risk of development of retinopathy of prematurity based at a multi-disciplinary pediatric healthcare facility of the Chelyabinsk region. The analysis of its work covered the period of 7 years and included such characteristics as the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in the high-risk group with special reference to the severity of this condition, its threshold and terminal stages as well as the frequency of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. The overall prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity among the children’s population of the Chelyabinsk region during the period from 2009 till 2015 was estimated to amount to 36.4%. The threshold stage of this condition (including its aggressive posterior variant) was shown to have occurred in 26.7% of the examined children. Results. Despite the ever increasing survival rate among the extremely prematurely born infants, the number of the blind patients among those examined in the present study decreased by a factor of 4.5. The advantages of the proposed model for the provision of specialized ophthalmological care for the preterm children include the possibility of parallel monitoring the indicators of ophthalmological and somatic conditions of the children with the participation of the highly skilled physicians, anesthesiologists, and neonatologists. Conclusion. The results of this study can be used to further improve the quality of the screening for retinopathy of prematurity among the preterm infants and the adequate treatment of this condition for preserving vision in a greater number of such patients.
THE ROLE OF VARIOUS REGULATORY FACTORS IN PATHOLOGICAL VASOPROLIFERATION IN THE RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Katargina L. A , Osipova Natal’ya Anatol’evna
Published: September 2020

Retinopathy of prematurity continues to occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of vision disability among the children. The problem of optimizing the prognosis of this condition, its early diagnostics, and adequate treatment remains a serious challenge and is inextricably connected with the better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. It is known that the mechanism underlying the development of retinopathy of prematurity involves the imbalance between the angiogenic factors controlling the process of growth and development of blood vessels in the immature retinal tissue in the combination with the biochemical and immunological disturbances of homeostasis in the prematurely born infants as a result of systemic somatic pathology and the unfavourable multifactorial influence of the environmental conditions, in the first place the effect of elevated oxygen concentrations used for the nursing the preterm babies. A large number of papers have been devoted to the study of various factors contributing to the development of retinopathy in preterm patients at the molecular level. For the purpose of the present review, the search for the relevant literature was carried out using the Medline database. The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the development of pathological vasoproliferation associated with retinopathy of prematurity has been most thoroughly explored. Information about the role of VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of the disease provided the basis for the use of anti-VEGF therapy in the clinical practice for the treatment of certain forms of retinopathy. However, the complicated and multifactorial character of the pathogenesis of this disease as well as the need for the enhancement of the effectiveness of its treatment and optimization of the screening procedure dictates the necessity of looking for additional approaches to the solution of this problem and of studying the relationships between various factors involved in the disturbance of retinal angiogenesis in the children presenting with retinopathy of prematurity.
THE CLINICAL CASES OF PALLISTER-KILLIANS’S SYNDROME IN A CHILD
Authors: Sudovskaya T. V , Kokoeva N. Sh , Bobrovskaya Yu. A , Makarova A. A
Published: September 2020

This article was designed to report a clinical case of a rare syndromic disease - Pallister-Killians’s syndrome characterized by the signs of mental deficiency, abnormal features of cranial bones , congenitally reduced arterial pressure, multiple abnormalities of the facial features (including the eyes and the mouth cavity), ears, skeleton, the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and other systems of the body. The syndrome was described for the first time in 1977 by Philip Pallister and thereafter investigated in more detail by Maria Teschler-Nicola and Wolfgang Killian in 1981. In our case, the somatic status of a 3 month-old child presenting with this pathological condition was characterized by a large variety of congenital defects of the nervous system, including corpus collosum hypoxia, ischemic lesions of the brain tissue, bilateral subependymal pseudocysts, lenticulostriate agniopathies, and congenital heart failure. The pathological changes of the visual analyzer manifested themselves as unilateral grade 3 microphthalmos, sclerocornea, optic nerve disk coloboma, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, considerable decrease of the size of the conjunctival cavity in the absence of the appreciable alterations in the eye ball. Rehabilitation of the affected child with congenital microphthalmos included gradual ocular prosthetics and the treatment by the specialists of other medical professions.
VISUAL EVOKED CORTICAL POTENTIALS IN THE CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CLINICAL CASES AND THE ANALYSES OF THE LITERATURE DATA
Authors: Kurenkova N. V , Zolnikova I. V , Klitvina G. A , Demenkova O. N
Published: September 2020

This article is devoted to the abnormalities of the visual function associated with the rare and severe congenital pathology - craniosynostosis in the hildren. We observed three clinical cases of partial craniosynostosis: scaphocephaly, plagiocephaly, and trigonocephaly. In addition to the standard ophthalmologic examination, we carried out the electrophysiological study to measure visual evoked potentials r (VEP). In the case of trigonocephaly, we documented significant changes in the amplitude-time characteristics of VEP and revealed partial atrophy of the optic nerves. Strabismus was detected in the cases of plagiocephaly and trigonocephaly. We obtained evidence of the association between different types of craniosynostosis and the anatomical features, such as location of the cranial sutures, and the manifestations of the pathological process underlying the changes in VEP especially its amplitude and temporal characteristics. They included the prolonged implicit time of the PI00 component most pronounced in the cells with the angulsar size of 8 minutes and the decrease of the PI00 peak amplitude. The damage to the optic nerves, especially the secondary one, due to the papilledema can be prevented by the early diagnostics of craniosynostosis. When craniosynostosis is suspected in the children, they need to undergo the ophthalmological examination. Early diagnostics with the use of not only the standard methods of ophthalmological studies but also of electrophysiological investigations allows to significantly improve the prognosis in different types of craniosynostosis in the children.
PROTEOMIC DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR THE REFRACTIVE CORRECTION OF AMETROPIA
Authors: Kovalevskaya M. A , Chernikova I. V , Podoprigora V. S , Sergeeva Mariya I.
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was the analysis of the tear fluid proteomic status and the eye surface of the patients presenting with ametropia before and after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Material and methods. The study included 163 patients (326 eyes) divided into three groups. Group 1 was comprised of 51 adult patients (102 eyes)at the age from 35 to 54 years suffering from high-degree myopia and astigmatism. Group 2 was composed of 26 adult patients (52 eyes) at the age from 35 to 55 years suffering from moderate or high-degree hyperopia and astigmatism. Group 3 consisted of 86 younger patients (172 eyes) at the age from 18 to 54 years suffering from high-degree myopia and astigmatism. The dry eye syndrome and the state pf the cornea were diagnosed with the use of the Lipkof’s test, Schirmer’s test, TBUT test, and corneal fluorescence staining. The antioxidant activity of the tears was estimated based on the results of measurements of peroxyredoxin-6 (PEDX6) expression. Results. The level of PEDX6 expression after LASIK increased in the patients presenting with myopia by 1.4 times and in those with hyperopia by 1.07 times, that is it changed but slightly after the operation and was 6.2 times less pronounced in comparison was the myopes. Conclusion. The study has demonstrated that two methods proved reliable for the evaluation of the tear fluid proteomic status, viz. the Lipkof’s test (1.82 ± 0.2mm, stage 3) and the TBUT test (8.0 ± 1.46 seconds), suggesting the presence of grade 2 dry eye syndrome. Te same refers to the patients of group 2: the results of the Lipkof’s test (1.31 ± 0.2mm) and the TBUT test (8.23 ± 0.87 seconds). The level of antioxidant protection of the ocular surface (PEDX6 expression) depended on the type of the refractive error: in the patients of group 1 before and after LASIK, PEDX6 expression was 4.7 times (13.57 ± 0.83) and 6.2 (19.31 ± 0.71) higher 2.88 ± 0.38 and 3.09 ± 0.47) than in those of group 2, respectively. In addition, it was shown that the level of antioxidant protection of the ocular surface (PEDX6 expression) depended on the age of the patients prior to LASIK: it was 1.3 lower in group 1 than in group 3 (1.35 ± 0.83 and 17.77 ± 1.03 respectively). The clinical significance of the tests for the tear fluid production and proteomic status changed appreciably after LASIK. The TBUT test for diagnostics of dry eye syndrome remained reliable in all the groups.
THE MODIFIED METHOD FOR EVISCERATION IN THE CASE OF BUPHTHALMOS WITH THE USE OF A COMBINATION OF ORBITAL IMPLANTS
Authors: Filatova Irina Anatol’evna , Mokhammad I. M
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified technique for for evisceration in the case of buphthalmos with the use of a combination of orbital implants. Material and methods. The clinical material collected during 3 years was analyzed. The removal of the eye was performed in 385 patients of whom32 (8.1%) of the total) needed the removal because of of buphthalmos as the consequence of congenital, secondary post-traumatic glaucoma. The age of the patients ranged from 7-75 (mean 39.3 ± 5.7) years. 19 of them were males and 13 females. Nine patients presented with pronounced staphyloma of the sclera. The visual function was absent in all the cases. The modified method for evisceration included radiowave surgery with the use of a Surgitron device operated at a frequency of 3.8 Mg (Ellman, USA) and a combination of orbital implants (both intrascleral and intraconal) in order to obtain an additional volume for the stump. The Karbotextim carbon felt and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were applied as orbital implants. The surgical intervention is described in many detail. The duration of the follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years (mean 21 ± 6.17 months). The groups of comparison were two groups of the patients who had undergone the eye removal for buphthalmos: one of them was comprised of 14 patients treated by means of enucleation with plastic formation of the stump, the other consisted of 21 treated by traditional evisceration. Results. Wound healing in the early postoperative period occurred during normal time, without oedema and reactions to the presence of the additional implant in the orbit. Evaluation of the long-term results of the treatment was made based on the following criteria: retraction of the prosthesis and the upper eyelid into the orbit, asymmetry of the palpebral fissure, motility of the stump and the prosthesis. The best functional and cosmetic results (in comparison with enucleation and standard evisceration) were obtained in the patients treated with the use of the modified evisceration procedure and the application of the additional orbital implant. Conclusion. The modified method for evisceration in the case of buphthalmos with the use of a combination of orbital implants allows to compensate not only the volume of the eviscerated eye but also the volume of the atrophic orbital tissue. Moreover, it yields an additional stump volume of 0.5-0.7 cub. cm and permits to spare the fascial links between the orbital tissues and thereby prevent the development of stump and prosthesis hypophthalmos in the late postoperative period. The modified evisceration technique is more effective than both enucleation and standard evisceration in the patients with buphthalmos.
ORGANIZATION OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CARE FOR THE CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Birkun E. Yu , Sorokina S. A , Berezovskaya T. A , Saidasheva E. I
Published: September 2020

Aim. The objective of the present study was to identify the main stages of the organization and the results of the ophthalmological care for the children presenting with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Republic of Crimea. Material and methods. This retrospective analysis of the results of ophthalmological screening of 2105 prematurely born children, monitoring of 281 children with the early stages of ROP, the laser-assisted treatment of 64 babies undergoing the progression of the disease to its threshold stages and the follow up of the children with ROP in the Crimea during the period from 1999 to 2016 years. All the above patients were nursed and treated in the clinical hospital over the territory of the Crimea and in the perinatal centre of Simferopol. Results. ROP was diagnosed in 281 (26%) of the 2105 prematurely born children. The progression of the disease to the threshold stage was documented in 64 (22.8%) patients within 1 to 12 (mean 3-4) weeks after the identification of the initial stages of active ROP. ROP of the posterior aggressive type developed in 15 children. The duly-timed laser-assisted treatment permitted to prevent the appearance of blindness among the prematurely born children attributable to retinopathy of prematurity. As a results of the implementation of the program for the modernization of the ophthalmological care for the retinopathy of prematurity in the Republic of Crimea it is currently organized and provided in conformity with the relevant normative acts of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The ophthalmological Department of the Republic of Crimea Children’s Clinical Hospital is equipped with the necessary modern medical and diagnostic instruments and techniques; training of the Crimean ophthalmologists in retinopathy of prematurity and laser-assisted treatment of active retinopathy of prematurity.