bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive CYP2D6 Drug–Drug–Gene Interaction Network for Application in Precision Dosing and Drug Development
Authors: Rüdesheim Simeon , Loer Helena Leonie Hanae , Feick Denise , Marok Fatima Zahra , Fuhr Laura Maria , Selzer Dominik , Teutonico Donato , Schneider Annika R. P. , Solodenko Juri , Frechen Sebastian , van der Lee Maaike , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Swen Jesse J. , Schwab Matthias , Lehr Thorsten
Published: February 2025

Conducting clinical studies on drug–drug‐gene interactions (DDGIs) and extrapolating the findings into clinical dose recommendations is challenging due to the high complexity of these interactions. Here, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling networks present a new avenue for exploring such complex scenarios, potentially informing clinical guidelines and handling patient‐specific DDGIs at the bedside. Moreover, they provide an established framework for drug–drug interaction (DDI) submissions to regulatory agencies. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme is particularly prone to DDGIs due to the high prevalence of genetic variation and common use of CYP2D6 inhibiting drugs. In this study, we present a comprehensive PBPK network covering CYP2D6 drug–gene interactions (DGIs), DDIs, and DDGIs. The network covers sensitive and moderate sensitive substrates, and strong and weak inhibitors of CYP2D6 according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. For the analyzed CYP2D6 substrates and inhibitors, DD(G)Is mediated by CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein were included. Overall, the network comprises 23 compounds and was developed based on 30 DGI, 45 DDI, and seven DDGI studies, covering 32 unique drug combinations. Good predictive performance was demonstrated for all interaction types, as reflected in mean geometric mean fold errors of 1.40, 1.38, and 1.56 for the DD(G)I area under the curve ratios as well as 1.29, 1.43, and 1.60 for DD(G)I maximum plasma concentration ratios. Finally, the presented network was utilized to calculate dose adaptations for CYP2D6 substrates atomoxetine (sensitive) and metoprolol (moderate sensitive) for clinically untested DDGI scenarios, showcasing a potential clinical application of DDGI model networks in the field of model‐informed precision dosing.
Optimized Design of Three‐Phase EMI Filter for Electric Vehicle Onboard Charging System
Authors: Zhou Kai , Jiang Yuhan , Xu Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

The onboard charging system of electric vehicles operates with high voltage, high current, and high‐frequency switching components, which generates electromagnetic interference that not only affects the operating characteristics of other electronic devices in the vehicle but also directly affects the driving safety of the vehicle in serious cases. To address the electromagnetic compatibility of the electric vehicle onboard charging system, considering the influence of high‐frequency oscillations of wide‐bandwidth semiconductor devices, analyzing the rules for layout and wiring of three‐phase EMI filter utilizing the finite element method, proposed parasitic inductance mutual cancellation technique, two circuit design methods applying parasitic inductance mutual cancellation techniques have been investigated, enabling optimization of three‐phase EMI filter. Application of a three‐phase EMI filter applying parasitic inductance mutual cancellation technique to an onboard charging system and comparing the performance with that of traditional EMI filter, the experimental results show that the proposed three‐phase EMI filter is more effective in filtering out high‐frequency noise.
High Microsatellite but No Mitochondrial DNA Variation in an Invasive Japanese Mainland Population of the Parasitoid Wasp Melittobia sosui
Authors: Abe Jun , Takahashi Jun‐ichi , Tsuchida Koji
Published: February 2025

Invasive populations are predicted to have reduced genetic diversity due to bottleneck events. The parasitoid wasp Melittobia sosui was previously identified only in the subtropical area of the southern Japanese islands and Taiwan but was recently found in the temperate area of the Japanese mainland. The distribution of this species may have recently expanded northward due to factors such as climatic events and global warming. The population genetics of both the native and invasive regions were investigated using mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite DNA. As expected, mitochondrial variation was observed in the native region but not in the invasive region, which had only one haplotype. However, the two regions exhibited similar levels of microsatellite variation, and an average of 43% and 38% of alleles were uniquely found in the native and invasive populations, respectively. The difference in genetic variation between mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA in the invasive populations may be explained by the faster mutation rate of microsatellites, as well as the population structure of Melittobia, in which the subdivision into small inbreeding lineages may facilitate the accumulation of mutations. The high proportion of private alleles suggests that the mainland population diverged from the native populations at least 100 years ago, ruling out the possibility that the mainland population was established recently. The present study suggests that M. sosui might have already existed on the mainland but at a low frequency or that the mainland population was derived from a ghost population that diverged from the native populations more than 100 years ago.
Functionalization of a Rhodamine‐B based chemosensor onto surfaces of Fe3O4, SBA‐15 and H2Ti3O7 support substrates for selective Fe3+ ion detection
Authors: Mallick Debajani , Chatterjee Sriparna , Mohapatra Mamata , Bag Bamaprasad
Published: February 2025

The major challenges in the chemosensing approach are the development of analytically uncomplicated and cost‐effective method for the selective and sensitive detection of metal ions in the aqueous medium. Rhodamine derivatives have proven as efficient and effective chemosensory probes for selective and sensitive detection of different metal ions in the solution phase, predominantly in aqueous‐organic medium, where the interaction of the probe and metal ion translated on signalling module expressed through dual mode photophysical output. A rhodamine‐B‐based probe 2, incorporated with 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde coupled (2‐aminoethyl)‐piperazinyl receptor, was developed to exhibit selective and sensitive detection of Fe+3 ions in aqueous‐ethanol medium. The probe also exhibited similar photophysical output responses in the selective presence of Fe3+ ion on immobilization onto surfaces of silica‐coated magnetite, SBA‐15 and hydrogen titanate appended through amino‐propyl‐ silane linker. Apart from retaining the selectivity towards Fe3+ ions, these surface‐functionalized inorganic support materials (3, 4, and 5) executed the signalling action in aqueous medium, enhancing their scope as efficient chemosensors in selective Fe3+ ion detection for practical application. The effect of probe immobilization on the metal ion‐induced photophysical signalling behaviour in these hybrid materials was evaluated  for establishing a structure‐function correlation in their selective Fe3+ ion detection in aqueous suspension.
In Vitro Digestion of High‐Fat Commercial Dairy Products: Detailed Analysis of Lipid Classes
Authors: Stork Eirin , Ekeberg Dag , Devle Hanne M. , Jonsson Einar , Ruud Lene , Devold Tove , Skeie Siv
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze lipid classes after in vitro digestion of high‐fat commercial dairy products. The research focused on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols (MAG), free FA (FFA), and polar lipids of digested full‐fat cream, full‐fat sour cream, cream cheese, and a Gouda‐type cheese. We employed the INFOGEST 2.0 digestion model. The isolated lipids were fractionated by solid‐phase extraction, and the FA profile of each fraction was analyzed using GC–MS. The digested dairy products revealed similar results for the relative amounts of the analyzed lipid classes. However, the cream digest had a significantly lower amount of MAG than the other products. Furthermore, the proportion of individual FAs and FA groups in the lipid classes was found to vary significantly between the digested dairy products. The replicates of cream cheese and sour cream showed a homogenous lipid digestion, whereas the lipid classes after digestion of cream and the Gouda‐type cheese were more diverse. This could be due to differences in product pH and protein and calcium content.

Practical Applications: The findings of our study indicate the importance of considering lipid classes other than FFA, as well as the FA composition of these, when studying the lipid digestion of different dairy products. This is especially true for MAG, which is absorbed in the intestine along with FFA. The observed differences in the lipid profile of the digested dairy matrices explored in our study demonstrate that product pH, homogenization, texture, and calcium and protein content could impact lipid bioaccessibility, which could potentially have physiological implications. These factors should, therefore, be assessed in relation to lipid digestion.
Associations Between Match‐Play Characteristics and Environmental Temperatures in 4 Professional Football Leagues
Authors: Schwarz Edgar , Duffield Rob , Novak Andrew Roman , Compton Dennis Alan , Meyer Tim
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the association between environmental temperature and match‐play characteristics (shooting, passing, dribbling and defending) in four professional football leagues. Twenty‐seven performance indicators (PI's) were collated from 1585 matches from the German Bundesliga 1 and 2, Spanish La Liga and Australian A‐League. Environmental data were obtained for dry‐bulb temperature (T) and wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) retrospectively from public sources. For each league, linear regressions were used to determine relationships between PI's and T and WBGT and linear mixed models were used to determine those associations across all four leagues. Individual leagues showed varying associations between a collection of PI's and environmental measures. When combining the four leagues' match data, 8 of the 17 investigated parameters were associated with T and WBGT (p < 0.002). Passes, especially short passes, were reduced in higher T (−2.3 [−3.1 to −1.5] and p < 0.001) and WBGT (−3.1 [−4.0 to −2.1] and p < 0.001), alongside an increase in the success rate of passes (0.06 [0.02–0.09] and p ≤ 0.001). The number of passes into the opponent's final third was reduced for both T (−0.18 [−0.25 to −0.05] and p = 0.001) and WBGT (−0.17 [−0.28 to−0.05] and p = 0.002), but the number of key passes leading to a shot or goal was not associated with T or WBGT (p ≥ 0.67). The number of touches, take‐ons and turnovers were reduced in higher T and WBGT (all p < 0.001). Accordingly, in higher heat stress, match actions, especially those performed at high volumes, are reduced. Therefore, teams should expect a possibly altered match play and may consider adapting tactical or heat‐mitigating strategies to counter these effects.
Effects of Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Perception of Recovery and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes
Authors: Coope Olivia C. , Reales Salguero Andrea , Spurr Tilly , Páez Calvente Andrea , Domenech Farre Aina , Jordán Fisas Enrique , Lloyd Beth , Gooderick Julie , Abad Sangrà Maria , Roman‐Viñas Blanca
Published: February 2025

Ashwagandha is a supplement with the potential to improve exercise performance. However, research on its impact on female athletes remains limited. This study investigates the effects of ashwagandha on exercise recovery and muscle strength in professional female athletes, addressing a gap in understanding its role in this underrepresented population. Female footballers were randomly assigned to a 600 mg/day ashwagandha root extract group (ASH, n = 15; age: 26.0 ± 4.9 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.1 m, body mass: 61.5 ± 7.5 kg, and career: 15.2 ± 7.4 years) or a placebo group (PLA, n = 15; age: 23.5 ± 5.5 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.1 m, body mass: 61.5 ± 6.0 kg, and career: 13.1 ± 4.9 years). Recovery was assessed with total quality recovery (TQR), Hooper Index (HI) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Strength was assessed by hand grip, medicine ball throw (MBT), countermovement jump (CMJ) and peak power. Dietary intake was recorded prior to baseline measurements. Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test, independent t‐tests and ANCOVA were used in the analysis. A significant group × time interaction effect was found for TQR (p = 0.026), with the post‐hoc analysis revealing a significant difference between ASH and PLA at 28 days (p = 0.039). Perceived sleep quality from HI improved significantly in ASH compared to PLA (p = 0.038), with a significant change at 14 days. The ANCOVA analysis highlighted the significant influence of carbohydrate intake on hand grip strength (p = 0.005), MBT (p < 0.001) and body mass (p < 0.001). A dosage of 600 mg of ashwagandha root extract for 28 days may improve TQR and enhance perceived sleep quality in female footballers. Future research should investigate the optimal dosage and test across a broader range of athletic populations.

Trials Registration: The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the ID NCT06264986
Sex Differences in Grip Strength From Birth to Age 16: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nuzzo James L.
Published: February 2025

In 1985, Thomas and French published results of a meta‐analysis that examined sex differences in grip strength in children 5 years of age and older. Their analysis included results from only four studies, and no update has been published. The purpose of the current study was to use meta‐analysis to examine sex differences in grip strength from birth to age 16. The analysis included 808 effects from 169 studies conducted in 45 countries between 1961 and 2023. The total sample was 353,676 (178,588 boys, 175,088 girls). From birth to 16 years of age, grip strength was consistently greater in boys than girls. Between 3 and 10 years old, the effect size was small‐to‐moderate, with female grip strength equaling 90% of male grip strength (Hedges g = 0.33–0.46). At age 11, the effect size decreased slightly, likely due to girls reaching puberty before boys (g = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.22, 0.35]). At age 13, the effect size increased markedly likely due to male puberty (g = 0.63, 95% CIs [0.55, 0.70]). By age 16, the sex difference in grip strength was substantial, with female grip strength equaling 65% of male grip strength (g = 2.07, 95% CIs [1.86, 2.27]). Secondary analyses revealed that the sex difference in grip strength is broadly similar between countries and has been mostly stable since the 1960s, except for a narrowing of the difference among 5–10‐year‐olds after 2010. Various biological factors explain why, on average, boys are stronger than girls from birth onward.
New Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes Molecularly Modified with Methylphenidate Film for Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine by Linear Scan Voltammetry
Authors: Riesco Fernando , Cosco‐Salguero Gloria A. , Nagles Edgar , Penagos‐Llanos Johisner , Segura Rodrigo , Hurtado John
Published: February 2025

The development of new sensors for dopamine (DP) detection is crucial due to its role as one of the most important neurotransmitters for maintaining mental health. In this context, a novel and simple 2D screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) molecularly modified electrode with a methylphenidate film was developed. This electrode exhibited notable activity in DP oxidation at potential values below 0.3 V, achieving a 300% increase in anodic current compared to the unmodified SPCE in an acidic environment (pH 3.0) with phosphate buffer solution. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the electrode's electrochemical behavior. The electrode achieved a DP detection limit of 0.15 µmol/L using linear scan voltammetry. Interference studies with ascorbic acid and uric acid confirmed the electrode's selectivity for DP detection. The sensor's effectiveness was validated using real human urine samples, demonstrating accurate and reliable performance.
Towards Secure and Efficient Data Aggregation in Blockchain‐Driven IoT Environments: A Comprehensive and Systematic Study
Authors: Tong Xujun , Hamzei Marzieh , Jafari Nima
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various sectors, fostering seamless intercommunication and real‐time monitoring. Central to this transformation is integrating blockchain technology, which ensures data integrity and security in IoT networks. This paper provides a meticulous exploration of data aggregation techniques within the context of blockchain‐based IoT systems. The study categorizes data aggregation algorithms into Privacy‐Preserving, Machine Learning‐Based, Hierarchical, Real‐Time, and Custom Aggregation Algorithms, each tailored to specific IoT requirements. Privacy‐Preserving Aggregation Algorithms focus on safeguarding sensitive data through encryption and secure protocols. Machine Learning‐Based Aggregation adapts dynamically to data patterns, offering predictive insights and real‐time adaptability. Hierarchical Aggregation organizes devices into a structured hierarchy, optimizing data processing. Real‐Time Aggregation processes data instantly, ensuring low latency for time‐sensitive applications. Custom Aggregation Algorithms are bespoke solutions tailored to unique application demands, emphasizing efficiency and security. Through a comparative analysis of these techniques, this paper explores their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability, addressing the challenges and suggesting future research directions. The integration of blockchain‐based data aggregation techniques not only enhances IoT network efficiency but also ensures the longevity and security of modern technological infrastructures. This study builds upon prior research in the field of IoT and blockchain technology by extending the exploration of data aggregation techniques and their implications for network efficiency and security. SLR method has been used to investigate each one in terms of influential properties such as the main idea, advantages, disadvantages, and strategies. The results indicate most of the articles were published in 2021 and 2022. Moreover, some important parameters such as privacy and security, latency, data processing, energy consumption, complexity, and reliability were involved in these investigations.
Wireless mmWave Communication in 5G Network Slicing With Routing Model Based on IoT and Deep Learning Model
Authors: Suganya R. , Sujithra L. R. , Ayyasamy Ramesh Kumar , Chinnasamy P.
Published: February 2025

In fifth‐generation (5G) radio access networks (RANs), network slicing makes it possible to serve large amounts of network traffic while meeting a variety of demanding quality of service (QoS) standards. Higher path loss and sparser multipath components (MPCs) are the primary distinctions, which lead to more notable time‐varying characteristics in mmWave channels. Using statistical models, such as slope‐intercept methods for path loss for delay spread and angular spread, is challenging to characterize the time‐varying properties of mmWave channels. Therefore, adopting mmWave communication systems requires highly accurate channel modeling and prediction. This research proposes a novel technique in wireless mmWave communication 5G network slicing and routing protocol using IoT (Internet of things) and deep learning techniques. An adaptive software‐defined reinforcement recurrent autoencoder model (ASDRRAE) slices the mmWave communication network. A dilated clustering‐based adversarial backpropagation model (DCAB) then performs network routing. The experimental analysis evaluates throughput, packet delivery ratio, latency, training accuracy, and precision. The suggested hybrid model has a 97.21% overall recognition rate, illustrating that the suggested strategy is aptly applicable. A 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation is employed to evaluate the suitability of the proposed method.
Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Films Reinforced by Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhu Chaoqiao , Tian Ming , Zhang Dequan , Yang Qingfeng , Wang Debao , Fan Simin , Li Xin , Yang Wei , Hou Chengli
Published: February 2025

In this study, the surface of cellulose nanocrystals was first modified with citric acid, and the resultant modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) were subsequently utilized as a reinforcement phase for polylactic acid (PLA). Findings indicated that MCNC interacted with PLA through hydrogen bonding, resulting in improved thermal stability, mechanical properties, and surface hydrophobicity of PLA nanofiber films. Specifically, the thermal degradation temperature, tensile strength, elongation at break, and contact angle of the nanofiber films increased by 19°C, 30.04%, 49.11%, and 11.22°, respectively, with a 3% addition of MCNC. Subsequently, utilizing PLA/MCNC as the base material and kaempferol as the active ingredient, a preliminary exploration into its potential as an active packaging material was carried out. When the addition amount of kaempferol was 10%, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability of the nanofiber film reached more than 90%, demonstrating its application potential as an active packaging material. These results offer a promising strategy for the effective dispersion of CNC within PLA matrices, thereby expanding the potential applications of PLA in the field of active packaging.
Trading VIX on Volatility Forecasts: Another Volatility Puzzle?
Authors: Degiannakis Stavros , Delis Panagiotis , Filis George , Giannopoulos George
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the economic usefulness of stock market implied volatility forecasts, based on their ability to improve the short‐run trading decision‐making process. The current literature aligns the forecast horizon with the frequency of the trading decision in order to evaluate different forecasting frameworks. By contrast, the premise of our paper is that these should not be necessarily related, but rather the evaluation should be based on the actual needs of the end‐user. Thus, we evaluate whether the multiple days ahead stock market volatility forecasts vis‐à‐vis the 1‐day ahead forecasts can improve the 1‐day ahead trading profits from VIX and the S&P500 futures. Our results suggest that indeed the 1‐day ahead trading profits are significantly improved when the trading decisions are based on longer term volatility forecasts. More specifically, the highest trading gains are obtained when using the 22‐day ahead forecasts. The results hold true for both VIX and S&P500 futures day‐ahead trading. Although there is no theoretical background regarding the fact that forecasting and trading horizons should not be aligned, we strongly motivate this potential issue, both from the statistical and financial points of view.
Forecasting the Confirmed COVID‐19 Cases Using Modal Regression
Authors: Jing Xin , Cho Jin Seo
Published: February 2025

This study utilizes modal regression to forecast the cumulative confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Canada, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. The objective is to improve the accuracy of the forecasts compared to standard mean and median regressions. To evaluate the performance of the forecasts, we conduct simulations and introduce a metric called the coverage quantile function (CQF), which is optimized using modal regression. By applying modal regression to popular time‐series models for COVID‐19 data, we provide empirical evidence that the forecasts generated by the modal regression outperform those produced by the mean and median regressions in terms of the CQF. This finding addresses the limitations of the mean and median regression forecasts.
Effectiveness of Unripe Plantain Peel on Tenderization of Beef and Okra as a Potential Substitute for Saltpeter
Authors: Diaba Mawumefa Akusika , Baidoo Isaac , Odai Bernad T. , Achoribo Elom , Donkor Shadrack , Agbenyegah Sandra , Brown‐Appiah Christian , Akomea Yaa Pokuaa , Offei Benjamin , Mensah Eric Owusu
Published: February 2025

This research seeks to examine the effect of unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate on the tenderness of beef and okra as a potential substitute for saltpeter. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, important elemental particles were estimated while the texture profile of treated okra and beef was assessed using the TA‐XT Plus Micro System Texture Analyzer. The results indicated that unripe plantain peel ash contains Na, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg in concentrations ranging from 1.97 ± 0.34 to 726.03 mg/L. The unripe plantain peel ash tenderized okra and beef better than its filtrate. Hardness analysis of boiled beef showed no significant difference between the control and the samples boiled with unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate. For texture, the control okra sample was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the samples boiled with unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate. It can be concluded that the unripe plantain peel ash and its filtrate, containing elements such as Na, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg within FAO/WHO permissible limits (Na: 1500 mg/L, K: 2500 mg/L, Ca: 1000 mg/L, Fe: 0.3 mg/L, and Mg: 400 mg/L), are suitable substitutes for saltpeter as tenderizing agents.
Evaluation of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Multi‐Nutrient Fortified Flours
Authors: Chaudhary Gaurav , Kumar Monu , Swami Nisha , Sehrawat Deepti Rani , Sehrawat Anita Rani
Published: February 2025

Malnutrition is a prevalent issue in underdeveloped countries, and the development of high‐nutrient foods is a proposed intervention to address this issue. Thus, this study evaluates the nutritional value and sensory acceptability of wheat–millet composite flour blend, suggesting that incorporating affordable grains such as millet can aid weight loss and improve the nutritional value of food. This investigation involved eleven wheat–millet flour samples, including six composite flour samples, four control samples, and one optimized sample from our earlier investigation. The nutritional value of optimized flour was significantly higher than that of the composite and control flour samples. The optimized flour had a protein value of 25.39 mg g−1, whereas sample A had a value of 20.65 mg g−1. The crude fat content of sample CF2 (3.75%) and optimized flour (5.37%) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of the other samples. When different proportion of millet flour were added to wheat flour, the nutritional value was further boosted in terms of crude fiber (2.21%–11.83%), ash (2.49%–3.75%), carbohydrate (58.52%–70.23%), and antioxidant activity (Phenol‐ 1.24–7.87 mg g−1 and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1picrylhydrazyl‐ 48.77%–71.53%) also increase and tannin content (9.64–6.22 mg g−1), was reduced with good sensory score. The current study demonstrated how adding millets to flour mixes improved the population's nutritional status and managed micronutrient deficiencies.
Development and Characterization of Calcium Ion‐Enhanced Nanophytosomes Encapsulating Pomegranate Fruit Extract
Authors: Sedighi Ramesh , Rafe Ali , Rajabzadeh Ghadir , Pardakhty Abbas
Published: February 2025

Nanophytosomes (NPS) loaded with whole pomegranate fruit extract with peel and arils (PFE) at different levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were produced using a thin‐film hydration method and reinforced with calcium ions. PFE was obtained by pressing whole pomegranates, followed by mixing with PC at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, which then strengthens the phytosome wall by CaCl2 solutions (1.35 and 2.70 mM) and lyophilized to create a stable powder form. The characteristics of the NP powders, including encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, ζ‐potential, polydispersity index (PDI), structure, microstructure, and thermal properties, were evaluated. Additionally, the storage stability of phenolic compounds over two months was investigated. The PFE powder demonstrated appropriate characteristics for incorporation into the phytosome system, with a total phenol content of 371.19 mg GAE/g dry weight, anthocyanins at 300.68 mg/g, flavonoids at 194 mg/100 g, and an antioxidant activity of 90.98%. The highest EE was determined to be 98.53%, indicating its unique ability as a nano‐carrier. PFE‐loaded NPs showed favorable characteristics, such as low PDI values (< 0.5), smaller particle size (170 nm), and a spherical morphology. The PFE‐NP had a particle size of 128.6 nm, zeta potential of −40.15 mV, mobility of −3.15 μm cm/Vs, PDI of 0.168, and EE of 98.53%. The optimized nanoparticles remained stable for two months at 4°C, with negligible changes in particle size (~10 nm), total phenol content (TPC), and PDI of the PFE‐Nanophytosomes. All NP samples showed better stability at storage temperatures over 60 days. PEF‐NPs improved the stability of phenolic compounds while improving solubility, masking taste, and delivery to target tissues, which can be considered in future applications.
Production of Stevia‐Based Persimmon Fruit Leather by Microwave Oven and Its Optimization With Response Surface Methodolog
Authors: Alam Muhammad Hamza , Ahmad Muhammad Haseeb , Imran Muhammad , Rehman Misbah Ur , Khan Muhammad Imran , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Khalid Waseem , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Aljawdah Hossam M. , Madilo Felix Kwashie
Published: February 2025

The consumer preference for low‐calorie and nutritious foods has urged the attention of researchers and food designers to develop food products with alternative organic ingredients. For the first time, persimmon is successfully developed into fruit leather (pestil) using a non‐caloric stevia sweetener. The study started with the production of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leather, initially evaluating the compatibility of non‐caloric stevia (ST) sweetener with hydrocolloids (corn starch, pectin, and guar gum) by the hot air oven method, in which guar gum exhibited superior flexibility. After setting the leather recipe, the trials were performed in a microwave oven by employing a Box–Behnken experimental design to optimize the drying process. Independent variables including microwave power (MP), microwave time (MT), and leather thickness (LT) have shown their optimum values at 210 W, 30 min, and 3.5 mm, respectively, based on physicochemical analyses focusing on moisture content, texture, color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC). MP had the most substantial impact on the variables, followed by MT, while LT showed the least influence. Optimized development of microwave products emphasized better physicochemical attributes, highlighting the energy‐efficient nature of the resulting product in comparison to hot air‐dried product. Sensory evaluation favored the optimized microwave‐dried product over the hot air oven leather products. Therefore, utilizing novel processing technologies like microwave drying is recommended for producing functional (ST) based persimmon leather to uphold superior product quality.
How the Interplay Between Algorithmic HRM Systems Promotes Gig Workers' Self‐Efficacy: The Role of Technostressors
Authors: Wang Changyu , Cong Tinghui , Chen Jianyu
Published: February 2025

The increasingly crucial algorithmic Human Resource Management (HRM) field is spawning two research streams: Algorithmic monitoring and algorithmic control. Yet, the conceptual differences and interplay between them have been largely confused and ignored in research and practice. This study clarifies their conceptual differences by exploring their interplay effect on gig workers' technostressors. Based on the stress and coping theory, a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis by running data from 407 gig workers participating in a three‐wave time‐lagged survey was conducted. Results show that observational or interactional algorithmic monitoring hinders or promotes gig workers' self‐efficacy via both challenge and threat technostressors, respectively. While enhancing the positive effect of interactional algorithmic monitoring on self‐efficacy via threat technostressors, guiding algorithmic control attenuates the negative effect of observational algorithmic monitoring on self‐efficacy via challenge and threat technostressors, which contrasts with prior algorithmic HRM literature considering algorithmic control as a universally “bad thing” by workers. These findings deepen the understanding of the algorithmic HRM realm by revealing the differences and interplay between algorithmic monitoring and algorithmic control. Operators should differentiate and synergize control and monitoring functions by emphasizing outcomes that the interplay between algorithmic HRM systems has on the workforce.
Persistent Lymphopenia as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients With Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in the Renal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Xue Xiang , Zhu Shuhua , Xu Shutian , Zhou Yuchao , Wang Yang , Lou Lixuan , Li Shijun
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), defined as two or more organ dysfunction during infection or following shock or trauma, correlates with poor outcomes. Clinical data, including MODS in the renal intensive care unit (ICU), are scarce. Therefore, we investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with MODS in the renal ICU.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective cohort study of 99 adult patients with MODS admitted to the renal ICU of the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China, from October 1, 2011 to October 1, 2021.

Results

99 patients had a mean age of 49.7 ± 16.5 years old, and 51 (51.5%) patients died within 28 days after being admitted to the renal ICU. Infection (80 patients, 80.8%) was the most common reason for admission, with 47 cases being pulmonary infections. Of all of the 99 patients, 73 (73.7%) presented with persistent lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte count < 1.1 × 109/L from the day of ICU admission through to day 7), with 33 and 40 presenting moderate (lymphocyte count 0.6–1.1 × 109/L) and severe persistent lymphopenia (lymphocyte count ≤ 0.6 × 109/L), respectively. These patients had higher illness severity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence. Patients with severe persistent lymphopenia were associated with higher 28‐day ICU mortality (87.5% vs. 42.4% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001) versus those with moderate and without persistent lymphopenia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of organs involved, APACHE‐II score, and persistent lymphopenia were independent risk factors for 28‐day mortality in patients with MODS. The value of lymphocyte count on day 7 of admission in predicting poor prognosis of patients was higher than on other days (Area Under Curve, AUC = 0.831).

Conclusions

Patients with MODS are critically ill with high mortality. Persistent lymphopenia is frequent in patients with MODS and is independently associated with 28‐day mortality. Lymphocyte counts on day 7 of admission were shown to be highly predictive of prognosis.
Development and Challenges of Pathogen Molecular Point‐Of‐Care Testing Systems Based on Microfluidic Technology
Authors: Ren Shanshan , Liu Donglai , Xu Sihong
Published: February 2025

Molecular point‐of‐care testing (POCT) is characterized by high sensitivity, low reagent demand, fast mixing speed, rapid turnaround time, and ease of use, making it appealing for diagnosing infectious diseases. Currently, most commercial molecular POCT systems are based on microfluidic platforms integrating complex fluid manipulation systems, such as sample processing, separation, reaction, and detection, with functional modules on a chip of just a few square centimeters to achieve rapid target detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in molecular POCT systems based on microfluidic platforms for diagnosing infectious diseases from academic and industrial perspectives. First, we cover microfluidic chips, the core component of molecular POCT systems, including materials, preparation processes, fluid drivers, and control units. Then, we describe key techniques implemented in molecular POCT systems for diagnosing infectious diseases, namely nucleic acid detection and reagent storage. Finally, we discuss clinical applications and development directions and highlight challenges in the quality control of molecular POCT systems.
Dermatology 2.0: Deploying YOLOv11 for Accurate and Accessible Skin Disease Detection: A Web‐Based Approach
Authors: Hameed Adnan , Shah Said Khalid , Khan Sajid Ullah , Alanazi Sultan , Algamdi Shabbab Ali
Published: February 2025

Skin disorders are common and require diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner. In traditional diagnostics, great demands are made on the time and interpretation of the results. To cope with this, we introduce YOLOv11, an enhanced deep learning model designed for skin disease detection and classification. The model integrates EfficientNetB0 as the backbone for feature extraction and ResNet50 in the head for robust classification and localization. Our model was trained on a dataset of 10 common skin diseases to ensure robustness and accuracy; we were able to classify the diseases with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 89.8%, a precision of 90%, and a recall of 88% on the test dataset. This model was developed in the form of a web application based on Streamlit, which was used for easy uploading of pictures by both clinicians and patients for threshold diagnostics. This upsurge in technology allows for treatment without visitation, making skin disease diagnosis more dynamic.
The Dental Public Health Workforce: Employer Expectations and Future Directions
Authors: Gritzer Lauren , Zavras Athanasios , Obadan‐Udoh Enihomo , Yeeda Evangelin , Alqaderi Hend
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study examines employer expectations within the dental public health (DPH) profession and evaluates the alignment of DPH training programs with workforce demands, identifying critical gaps and opportunities for improvement.

Methods

A qualitative analysis of DPH job postings requiring five or fewer years of experience was conducted across multiple platforms, including LinkedIn, Google Job Postings, Indeed, ADEA, ASTDD, NNOHA, and USA Jobs. Position domains, descriptions, preferred, and required qualifications were systematically categorized to identify trends and workforce expectations.

Results

Of 102 DPH positions analyzed, the most common job domains were community‐based (C‐B) clinical (39.2%) and academia (19.6%). Leadership (90%), healthcare administration (86%), and clinical experience (64%) were the most commonly preferred skills across all positions. Analysis of DPH positions excluding C‐B clinical positions revealed that 53% of position descriptions referenced clinical responsibilities, while 57% required clinical experience. These responsibilities included supervising students in C‐B clinical education or providing clinical guidance within administrative roles.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the increasing demand for clinical experience in traditionally non‐clinical DPH positions, signaling a shift toward integrated roles that combine public health expertise with clinical practice. This highlights a disconnect between current DPH training programs and market demands, emphasizing the need to incorporate clinical training and leadership development into curricula. Transitioning to an integrated residency model incorporating a clinical competency inspired by preventive medicine frameworks could align graduate preparedness with workforce needs, enhance employability, and strengthen the impact of DPH professionals in advancing oral and overall health equity.
An observational study to determine the optimal physical evaluation site for detecting anemia
Authors: Horibata Ken , Kondo Seigo , Hashimoto Shuji , Takemura Yousuke
Published: February 2025

Background

Clinical pallor has traditionally served as a screening tool for anemia; however, its assessment lacks objectivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between skin and mucosal color, as measured by a spectrophotometer, and venous hemoglobin (Hb) values, to identify the optimal anatomical assessment site for detecting anemia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional design. Ninety‐two adult Japanese outpatients participated in the study. Using a spectrophotometer, the color of the lip and conjunctiva was measured indirectly, while the color of the nail, palm, and inside of the upper arm was measured directly. Colors were quantified using the L*a*b* color scale. This is an international color scale, where the L* value is an index of brightness, a* value is red/green, and b* value is yellow/blue. The color difference (ΔE*) was employed to evaluate the discriminability of anemia identification across different assessment sites. Additionally, Hb values were recorded, with anemia defined as Hb <12.0 g/dL.

Results

The a* values of the lip, conjunctiva, palm, and arm exhibited a positive correlation with Hb values and were significantly lower in the anemic group. While the ΔE* levels for the conjunctiva and lip were readily discernible by the human eye when comparing the normal and anemic groups, recognition at this level proved challenging for other sites.

Conclusion

The conjunctiva and lip demonstrate potential suitability for visual diagnosis of anemia. In the nail, palm, and arm, anemia detection may require highly trained observation. Consequently, reliance on these sites for anemia diagnosis may lead to potential oversight.
Emergency Management of Intoxication‐Type Inherited Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Tarr J. Dexter , Morris Andrew A. M.
Published: February 2025

In many intoxication‐type inherited metabolic disorders, the accumulation of the toxic chemical can cause acute life‐threatening emergencies. Sometimes this is the inevitable consequence of a severe metabolic defect, but it is often triggered by catabolism. In this article, we consider the acute management when these conditions cause encephalopathy, seizures, stroke‐like episodes, thromboses, liver failure, cardiac failure, arrhythmias and rhabdomyolysis. Treatment is available for most intoxication‐type disorders, though it is seldom entirely satisfactory. The emergency management involves general measures for the immediate problem (such as liver failure, thrombosis or an arrhythmia) and specific treatment for the metabolic disorder. The latter usually aims to reduce the accumulation of the toxic small molecule. Often this involves preventing or reversing catabolism. Sometimes the formation of the toxic chemical can be reduced by removing dietary precursors, by diverting precursors to alternative pathways, or by inhibiting an earlier step in the affected pathway. Another strategy is to remove the toxic chemical by binding it to a drug or by extracorporeal blood purification. Occasionally, the block in the pathway can be ameliorated and some disorders, specific treatment may prevent the consequences of the accumulating chemical. Despite all these treatment strategies, outcomes are often disappointing, particularly if an intoxication disorder first presents as an emergency. Newborn screening has greatly improved the prognosis for some disorders. For others, outcomes can only be improved by earlier recognition and treatment.
Gramicidin and chlorhexidine encapsulated in bicontinuous microemulsions: Antimicrobial activity performance and their impact on self‐assembly
Authors: Hayes Douglas G. , Arp Riley , D'Souza Doris H. , Senanayake Manjula , Leite Wellington C. , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Urban Volker S.
Published: February 2025

The utility of bicontinuous microemulsions (BMEs) as carriers of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gramicidin D and antiseptic chlorhexidine was investigated for possible topical delivery to chronic wounds. The two water‐insoluble solutes dissolved in pre‐formed one‐phase BMEs of Water/Polysorbate 80/Limonene/Ethanol/Glycerol and Water/Aerosol‐OT (AOT)/Polysorbate 85/Isopropyl Myristate and an AOT/Polysorbate 85 Winsor‐III system, achieving gramicidin and chlorhexidine concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 0.5% individually and 0.5% and 0.3% in mixtures at 22°C, respectively. Small‐angle neutron scattering measurements demonstrated that both solutes decreased surfactant interfacial activity and increased interfacial fluidity for the Polysorbate 80 system. For the AOT/Polysorbate 85 systems, ellipsoidal aggregates consisting of gramicidin and likely adsorbed surfactant and oil formed, while chlorhexidine enhanced the surface activity of surfactants. According to bioassays performed on artificial skin, the incorporation of melittin, gramicidin, and chlorhexidine in general enhanced the bioactivity of Polysorbate 80 BMEs for 24 h treatment against relevant antibiotic‐resistant bacteria found on skin relative to controls. Yet, BME treatments were less effective than aqueous melittin control, in contrast to well diffusion bioassays performed previously. The results reflect the strong impact of AMPs and antiseptics on BME structure and dynamics and the complexity of formulating BMEs for optimal antimicrobial activity.
Advancing Integrated Transboundary Watershed Management Through Recreational Services Assessment: A Supply and Demand Framework Analysis
Authors: Jin Cai , Chen Chuanjuan , Hu Jing , Chen Tianyu , Yang He
Published: February 2025

Neglecting integrated management may exacerbate the imbalance between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) in transboundary watersheds. Although management strategies such as payments for watershed services (PWS) have been implemented to mitigate the externalities and imbalance of ESs, the complexity of transboundary watersheds is often underestimated, diminishing their effectiveness. This study proposed a comprehensive transboundary framework to assess the dynamics of recreational service supply and demand in China's Xin'an River, identifying the driving factors. Results showed that: (1) the supply growth rate of recreational services in upstream (50.5%) was higher than that in downstream (8.4%) during the study period; (2) demand in the upstream was lower than that in the downstream. This observation was corroborated through choice experiments; (3) recreational services exhibited a significant supply–demand imbalance with 74.5% oversupplied. These results suggest that environmental externalities are not fully internalized, especially in upstream areas; (4) the study identified road accessibility, land degradation, and demand preferences as key driving factors. These insights offer a new perspective on the internalization of PWS and can inform the development of policies for transboundary region‐integrated management.
Shopper Search in Response to Conditional Promotions: A Function of Basket Sizes and Incentive Types
Authors: Kulkarni Atul A. , Yuan Hong
Published: February 2025

Conditional promotions are designed to entice consumers to increase their basket sizes to meet a preset promotional threshold. In this research, we examine consumers' basket sizes, promotional thresholds, incentive framing and seemingly irrelevant cues in shopping environment as the factors that may jointly influence the effectiveness of a conditional promotion in inducing shoppers to increase their basket sizes. Our findings from five studies demonstrate that (i) the difference between basket sizes and promotional thresholds or seemingly irrelevant cues in shopping environment may induce an experience of psychological distance, (ii) the experience of psychological distance may interact with incentive framing to influence consumers' search likelihood in response to a conditional promotion such that psychological proximity (remoteness) leads to higher search likelihood in response to negatively (positively) framed incentives. We found that this effect is consistent across studies with different values of basket sizes and promotional thresholds and across behavioral and self‐reported measures representing search likelihood.