bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial hazards and the weaponising of menstruation
Authors: Naznin Humaira , Thornthwaite Louise
Published: January 2025

While occupational health and safety scholarship has expanded in recent decades to include psychosocial hazards, there remains scant consideration of menstruation-related psychosocial hazards and harms, which women workers encounter at work. This article contributes to knowledge on menstruation-related workplace psychosocial hazards through examining the experiences of women working in the Bangladesh readymade garment industry. The article's purposes are threefold: first, to identify the psychosocial hazards that women workers experience during menstruation and the impacts on their physical and psychological health; second, to explain the prevalence of these psychosocial hazards; and third, to provide realistic regulatory and policy suggestions to eliminate these hazards in the emerging economy context. Using labour process theory, we argue that menstruation-related psychosocial hazards occurring in workplaces at the bottom of fast fashion supply chains where women workers continue to predominate are the product of systematic management strategies designed to secure capital accumulation through harnessing menstrual stigma in the organisational sphere. An understanding of the impacts of price and sourcing squeezes imposed on suppliers through global supply chains is crucial to informing practical policy interventions.
The magical practices of rebel organizations: Introducing the Magical Acts by Groups in Civil Conflicts dataset
Authors: Soules Michael J , Avdan Nazli
Published: January 2025

Magical practices, such as wearing protective amulets, engagement in other rituals, and beliefs that rebel leaders wield magical powers, play a prominent role in many civil wars. These practices help shape the behaviors of militant organizations in a variety of ways. However, despite their relevance, there is a dearth of systematically collected, cross-group data on the magical practices of rebel organizations. In response, we have constructed the Magical Acts by Groups in Civil Conflicts (MAGICC) dataset, which contains novel data on the magical practices employed by 106 African rebel organizations that were active at least at some point during the period of 1989 to 2011. To highlight the value of the data, we use them to test a hypothesis about the recruitment of child soldiers.
Offence-Specific Interventions for Women Convicted of Child Sexual Abuse: Barriers for Program Implementation in Australia
Authors: Priebe Bricklyn , Rayment-McHugh Susan , McKillop Nadine , Christensen Larissa S.
Published: January 2025

There is demand for sexual offending treatment programs (SOTPs) for women sentenced for child sexual abuse in Australia. Yet, formalized programs are currently limited. This research incorporates the views of correctional practitioners via a survey and interviews to establish their perceptions on the feasibility of implementing such programs within Australian custodial settings. Findings indicate that system-level barriers, inadequate tools and expertise, and obstructive attitudes and perceptions present challenges. Evidently, in spite of recent advancements in correctional practice, a range of barriers remain that potentially constrain access to SOTPs for women in custody.
Advancing Ethical Considerations for Data Science in Injury and Violence Prevention
Authors: Idaikkadar Nimi , Bodin Eva , Cholli Preetam , Navon Livia , Ortmann Leonard , Banja John , Waller Lance A. , Alic Alen , Yuan Keming , Law Royal
Published: January 2025

Data science is an emerging field that provides new analytical methods. It incorporates novel data sources (eg, internet data) and methods (eg, machine learning) that offer valuable and timely insights into public health issues, including injury and violence prevention. The objective of this research was to describe ethical considerations for public health data scientists conducting injury and violence prevention–related data science projects to prevent unintended ethical, legal, and social consequences, such as loss of privacy or loss of public trust. We first reviewed foundational bioethics and public health ethics literature to identify key ethical concepts relevant to public health data science. After identifying these ethics concepts, we held a series of discussions to organize them under broad ethical domains. Within each domain, we examined relevant ethics concepts from our review of the primary literature. Lastly, we developed questions for each ethical domain to facilitate the early conceptualization stage of the ethical analysis of injury and violence prevention projects. We identified 4 ethical domains: privacy, responsible stewardship, justice as fairness, and inclusivity and engagement. We determined that each domain carries equal weight, with no consideration bearing more importance than the others. Examples of ethical considerations are clearly identifying project goals, determining whether people included in projects are at risk of reidentification through external sources or linkages, and evaluating and minimizing the potential for bias in data sources used. As data science methodologies are incorporated into public health research to work toward reducing the effect of injury and violence on individuals, families, and communities in the United States, we recommend that relevant ethical issues be identified, considered, and addressed.
You’ll never walk alone: Theorizing engaged walking with Doreen Massey
Authors: Jackson Emma , Lisiak Agata
Published: January 2025

An avid supporter of Liverpool Football Club, geographer Doreen Massey was known to sing the club’s anthem, ‘You’ll Never Walk Alone’, on her hikes in the Lake District. In this article, we propose to take the song title quite literally – as a definitive statement rather than a promise – because, for us, walking is never a solitary activity, it always happens together with others. We revisit Massey’s essay ‘A Global Sense of Place’ and recreate her walk on Kilburn High Road, London, to reflect on the inherent relationality of walking. Acknowledging that Massey’s walk can be read both as situated in time (a specific week in 1991) and a composite of many walks helps us to demystify the aura of genius revelation that is still commonly associated with urban walking. Instead, we approach the practice of walking mindful of the countless factors that inform what we (do not) see and hear. We argue that engaged walking – that is walking that seeks to overcome the many shortcomings of this key urban research method and acknowledges what remains hidden from the walker’s immediate view, while centring the politics of the street – can reveal much about the power structures that (re)shape our cities.
Convivial atmotechnics: Animating atmospheres of togetherness and indeterminacy in Kingston and Abidjan
Authors: Osbourne Alana , Cante Fabien
Published: January 2025

This article draws on ethnographic work with tour guides in Kingston and local radio animateurs in Abidjan to document their “atmotechnics” – the practices through which they enliven urban atmospheres. Through cross-contextual juxtapositions, we delve into the relational intricacies and contextual variegation of atmotechnics. Crucially, we point to their complexity and significance in cities whose atmospheres are fractured by racialized socio-economic divides and practices of territorial control. We show that tour guides and radio hosts animate atmospheres of conviviality that are radically indeterminate: they evade and unsettle dominant models of “reconciliation” or “social cohesion,” inviting us instead to think/feel commonality within and despite fractures. In making this argument, we contribute to scholarship on urban atmospheres, which acknowledges their political nature without considering the street-level agencies that shape them; and we extend scholarship that theorizes conviviality as a non-normative mode of interrelation.
Citizens’ appeals classification using a mixed method: A case study of Yichang government public service hotline data
Authors: Zhou Jing , Hu Haorui
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the automatic classification of citizens’ appeals from the “12345” service hotline in a Chinese local government. The approach employed a mixed method with Large Language Models (LLMs) and word embeddings, specifically using ChatGlm2-6b and Moka Massive Mixed Embedding (M3E) respectively. Firstly, taxonomy was developed with Delphi method, and classification categories were determined by experts. The standard element library was built by incorporating weighting factors assigned to elements within each category. Secondly, ChatGlm2-6b was employed to extract the “topics” and “problems” from each new appeal. Next, word embeddings were utilized to compute the similarities between “topics”, “problems”, and standard elements. Finally, the categories of new appeals were determined with weighted voting. The results indicate that the top five categories of citizens’ appeals are “Housing”, “Daily life”, “Urban management”, “Transportation”, and “Employment”. The accuracy of this method is 0.83. The results can promote early warning systems for emergencies, mining and identification of citizens’ appeals, and supervision of social governance.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of LPBFed (TiB2 + SiC)/AlSi10Mg composites
Authors: Dang Bo , Liu Haonan , Xu Junfeng , Jian Zengyun
Published: January 2025

Herein, the effects of artificial aging (AA) treatment and annealing treatment (AT) on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of (TiB2 + SiC)/AlSi10Mg composites fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure and molten pool morphology exhibit only minor changes after AA. In contrast, AT disrupts the eutectic fibrous Si networks, blurs the boundary of the melt pool, softens the α-Al matrix, promotes further precipitation of Si, and coarsens its size. Notably, superior performances for the composites are achieved after AA treatment, showing a Brinell hardness of 145.4 HBW, a tensile strength of 490.5 MPa, and a yield strength of 232.4 MPa.
Time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for the analysis of parotid gland tumors
Authors: Geng Di , Zhu Liu-Ning , Liu Jun , Zhao Xian-Ce , Wang Yi-Shi , Xu Xiao-Quan , Wu Fei-Yun
Published: January 2025

Background

Different parotid tumors differ in terms of treatment strategies due to their distinct biological behaviors. Time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (td-dMRI) can characterize and quantify the cytological indexes, and then aid the differential diagnosis of various tumors. However, the value of td-dMRI in the analysis of parotid gland tumors remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the value of quantitative parameters derived from td-dMRI in the analysis of parotid gland tumors.

Material and Methods

In total, 39 patients with parotid gland tumors were prospectively enrolled, including 24 patients with polymorphic adenomas (PAs), eight with Warthin's tumors (WTs), and seven with malignant tumors (MTs). Td-dMRI was performed for preoperative evaluation. Intracellular volume fraction ( Vin), mean cell size ( d), extracellular diffusion coefficient ( Dex), and cellularity were obtained based on the Imaging Microstructural Parameters Using Limited Spectrally Edited Diffusion model, and compared among the three groups. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed for further statistical analysis as appropriate.

Results

Significant differences were found in all td-dMRI-derived indexes among PAs, WTs, and MTs (all P < 0.05). Vin was the sole parameter with significant differences for all sub-group comparisons (PAs vs. WTs, P < 0.001; PAs vs. MTs, P = 0.031; WTs vs. MTs, P = 0.047). With Vin values of 0.267, 0.231, and 0.260 as threshold, respectively, optimal performance levels were obtained for differentiating PAs from WTs (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.932, sensitivity=0.917, and specificity=0.875), PAs from MTs (AUC=0.744, sensitivity=0.833, and specificity=0.714), and WTs from MTs (AUC=0.750, sensitivity=0.875, and specificity=0.714).

Conclusion

Microstructural parameters derived from td-dMRI, especially Vin, might be promising imaging biomarkers for characterizing parotid gland tumors.
A comprehensive study to increase sinter productivity using vertical permeability bars
Authors: Rajak Dharmendar Kumar , Agrawal Shrey , Dwarapudi Srinivas , Paswan Raj Kishore , Sinha Sanjay Kumar , Banerjee Deoraj , Ashraf Hassan , Chaudhary Pradeep , Sinha Surajit
Published: January 2025

In the sintering process, gas flow rate (flame front movement) is a critical process parameter as it directs the effective heat transfer and thus drives the sinter machine speed and productivity. The gas flow mainly depends upon the sinter bed permeability. Bed permeability is affected by various parameters like granulation, moisture of sinter feed mix, microfine, etc. Therefore, vertical permeability bars are implemented in sinter machine to improve the permeability across sinter bed. In lab-scale trials, the penetration depth of vertical bar is optimised, and improvement in the sintering process and sinter properties such as reduced pressure drop, faster sintering time, improved tumbler index, and higher productivity are observed. At optimal penetration depth of 350 mm in the sinter bed, pressure drop reduced by 2.5% and sintering time decreased by 6.9%. Flame front speed and sinter productivity increased by 7.4% and 7.8%, respectively. Plant-scale trials using optimised bed depth and Indian vertical bar count number of 5 reduce differential pressure (6.3%), increase Japanese Permeability Unit (15.3%), and flame front speed (4.4%). Consequently, sinter machine speed is increased by 5.6% to 2.25 m/min improving the sinter production by 180 tons/day.
Numerical simulation of flow field in continuous casting slab mould under EMS conditions assisted with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement
Authors: Li Yuntong , Yang Jian , Liu Yibo , Sun Qun , Lin Yang , Du Lin , Meng Jin-song
Published: January 2025

In the present paper, the mathematical model of the flow field of the mould under the electromagnetic stirring (EMS) conditions is established and verified with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement. Under the conditions of different casting speeds, argon gas flow rates, and immersion depths of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), the simulation results are in quantitative agreement with the high-temperature measurement results. The flow velocities of molten steel show a central symmetric circulation on the mould surface under EMS due to the stronger electromagnetic force near the wide wall of the mould and the weaker electromagnetic force near the mould centre. With decreasing the casting speed and the immersion depth of SEN and increasing the argon gas flow rate, the flow field in the mould tends to form the single roll flow (SRF) pattern. With increasing the casting speed 20% and 40%, the measurement velocity of molten steel near 1/4 width is increased from −0.202 m/s to 0.111 m/s first and then to 0.276 m/s with the velocity towards the SEN as the positive value, and the flow pattern changes from SRF to unstable flow (UF) first and then to double roll flow (DRF). With increasing the argon gas flow rate by 100% and 200%, the flow pattern changes from DRF to UF first and then to SRF. With increasing the immersion depth by 10.7% and 21.4%, the flow pattern changes from UF to DRF.
Evaluation of longitudinal cracks in thin slab using coupled fluid flow and thermo-mechanical numerical modelling approach
Authors: Swain Aditya Narayan Shiv Shankar , Ganguly Suvankar , Krishna E.D. Gopala , Golani Ravi Wasudev , Choudhary S.K.
Published: January 2025

Longitudinal facial cracks (LFC) are one of the major surface defects in thin slab casting (TSC) that adversely impact the quality and integrity of the cast slab. These defects are primarily due to the complex nature of coupled thermo-mechanical phenomena during TSC through funnel mould. The unique shape of funnel mould results in shell deformation during solidification, leading to hot tearing and crack propagation. In the present work, a coupled thermo-fluidic-mechanical model is developed to predict fluid flow, solidification and stresses in the solidifying shell in an industrial thin slab caster mould. The finite element method (FEM)-based mathematical model is coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to predict the solidified shell thickness, three-dimensional temperature fields and corresponding stresses. Analysis of stress state during solidification indicates region of high stress along the funnel edges. Such stresses coupled with the weak solidified shell may result in defects during casting. In TSC operations, LFC is observed to vary in length depending on severity and may range from few centimetres to metres in adverse cases. These cracks are about 1 mm to 2 mm in depth and tend to form 0.1 m to 0.4 m below the meniscus. Such defects lead to about 15% downgrading at the TSC.
Revisiting childhood machinery toys: A practical assignment in undergraduate mechanical engineering studies
Authors: Guan Yue
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the integration of a hands-on assignment in Mechanical Engineering studies, such as in the Mechanics of Machines course, with a focus on commonly used mechanisms like the four-bar and slider-crank mechanisms. Recognizing the challenges students face in connecting theoretical models to real-world applications, we implemented an innovative approach that utilizes affordable and easily accessible machinery toys. This approach consists of multiple carefully designed in-class and after-class tasks. Students actively assemble, identify, and quantitatively analyze the mechanisms in their assigned toys using the theoretical knowledge from the course lectures. The successful identification and analysis of kinematic pairs and mechanisms reflect a positive impact on students’ learning outcomes. Feedback from students indicated enhanced interest, comprehension, and confidence in their understanding of mechanical systems. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this hands-on assignment in bridging the gap between theory and practice in mechanical engineering education, while also providing insights for future improvements in assignment design and timing. The proposed hands-on assignment can be easily replicated in any classroom setting, including remote learning environments.
Metabolic geographies: Work, shifts and politics
Authors: Barua Maan
Published: January 2025

This article reinvigorates a pivotal arena of scholarship in human geography and the social sciences: metabolism. It does so by staging an encounter between political economic and biochemical readings of metabolism, fleshed out through three complementary concepts: metabolic work, metabolic shifts and metabolic politics. These concepts, respectively, specify how metabolism is rendered into a productive force, account for the asymmetric effects that emerge as a result, and reveal how such effects become object-targets of power. Together, they enable grasping the material and political dynamics of metabolism whilst advancing the social sciences' concerns with the economization, transformation and governance of life.
Towards an ecological understanding of revolution: The Paris Commune of 1871 and contemporary social movements
Authors: van de Sande Mathijs , Kets Gaard
Published: January 2025

In the wake of the assembly movements that emerged from 2011 onwards, a lively academic and activist debate developed around the question of organization. Various political theorists have proposed an ‘ecological’ approach to social movements, which allows us to perceive them as contingent combinations between various activist repertoires and organizational forms. Rather than prioritizing either a ‘horizontalist’ or ‘verticalist’ logic of organization, both are often at play within a social movement, where they compete with or complement each other. This article contributes to this ‘ecological turn’ in social movement studies by adding a historical perspective. We argue that a key revolutionary event – the Paris Commune of 1871 – could be read as a ‘distributed ecology’. This historical application allows us to better recognize the merits of an ecological approach for contemporary radical-democratic theory and practices and helps us to appreciate the significance and radical potential of recent social movements.
Special Educators’ Experiences Navigating Tensions When Serving Students Labeled With Emotional/Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth , Meyer Kathryn M. , O’Brien Margaret , Carroll Margaret , Morris Mathews Hannah
Published: January 2025

Special educators often work in school contexts that are not oriented toward their students’ strengths and needs, resulting in tension–misalignment between their responsibility to students and their schools’ resources and expectations. Using grounded theory, we explored five teachers’ experiences of tension when serving students labeled with emotional/behavioral disorders in self-contained classes. We found teachers experienced tensions regarding students’ belonging, their academic instructional roles, and their roles supporting students’ behavior. Tensions reflected ways schools were not oriented toward students’ strengths and support needs. Yet, teachers’ perspectives on tensions varied greatly. Grounded in humanizing perspectives on students, some teachers experienced tension with colleagues who resisted including students and honoring students’ support needs. Other teachers held deficit-based, legalistic views of students, which underlay their acceptance of (or even advocacy for) exclusion. Findings indicate the centrality of educators’ conceptions of disability for how they conceptualize and fulfill their roles in serving students with disabilities.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Lokomat® robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
Authors: Martino Cinnera Alex , Ciancarelli Irene , Paolucci Teresa , Merla Arcangelo , Di Nicola Marta , Perpetuini David , D'Arienzo Martina , Genovesi Giorgia , Moretti Antimo , Russo Emanuele Francesco , Gatta Maria Teresa , Gimigliano Francesca , Cardone Daniela , Morone Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Background

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) may present motor and gait impairment.

Objective

This systematic review aims to assess the potential of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with Lokomat® exoskeleton to improve gait in children with CP.

Methods

The search was conducted and repoted according to PRISMA guidelines on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases. All randomised controlled trials (RCT) including children with CP who underwent RAGT with Lokomat® were considered eligible. Risk of bias was assessed with the Rob2 tool by two blinded reviewers. The review was previously registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42023488699).

Results

948 articles were found, and 9 studies involving 403 children with CP met the inclusion criteria. We found a heterogeneity in the RAGT protocol and a higher risk of bias for two included studies. Seven out nine studies reported a statistically significant improvement ( p < 0.05) on gait, balance, or global functions with respect to control groups. Specifically, walking speed and stride length were improved after RAGT.

Conclusions

Children with CP can benefit from the add-on therapy with RAGT through Lokomat® to improve walking and balance function. There is a need for RCTs with better patient stratification and with less heterogeneity in outcomes to improve the quality of the pooled evidence.
Maximizing use of available vascular capital for autologous arteriovenous fistula creation and maintenance: Single center results
Authors: Garcia-Lopez Alexis , Abdalah Leyla , Salgado Octavio J , Vachharajani Tushar J
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Nicaragua is a Central American country with a high prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly among young men. This is largely attributable to Mesoamerican nephropathy, a form of interstitial nephritis that predominantly affects young agricultural workers. While the majority of patients have access to chronic dialysis programs, a very small number have an option of receiving a renal transplant. Consequently, they must spend years on hemodialysis (HD), where the vascular access issue is of vital importance for their survival. Given that prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) are expensive devices with a lower cost-benefit ratio, limited availability within the health system and are unaffordable for the majority of patients, it is crucial to perform autogenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) whenever possible.

Patients and methods:

This paper presents a 4-year period review (2020–2023) of a single-center vascular access program that optimizes vasculature utilization of each patient for creation of AFV and describes the surgical revision techniques used to prolong the patency of vascular accesses.

Results:

The autogenic vascular access program has resulted in more than 80% of prevalent patients undergoing HD at our center being hemodialyzed through an autogenic AVF by the end of 2023.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded that it is possible to significantly increase the proportion of autogenic vascular accesses in each center by optimizing the patient’s own vasculature. This approach has the potential to reduce morbidity and costs, particularly in low-income countries.
MAGDM technique based on linguistic neutrosophic credibility value trigonometric aggregation operators and its application in landslide control scheme selection
Authors: Ye Jun , Yong Rui
Published: January 2025

Linguistic neutrosophic values (LNVs) can independently employ the true, false, and uncertain linguistic variables to convey uncertainty and inconsistence in multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) applications. However, how to convey the credibility level and periodic operation of LNVs is a research gap in emerging linguistic studies. To solve this research gap, this article aims to develop the (sine and cosine) trigonometric aggregation operators of linguistic neutrosophic credibility values (LNCVs) and their MAGDM technique. First, this study proposes LNCV, the linguistic sine t-norm and cosine t-conorm, and the trigonometric operation laws (TOLs) of LNCVs. Second, the accuracy and score formulae are presented to compare LNCVs. Third, the LNCV trigonometric weighted average (LNCVTWA) and LNCV trigonometric weighted geometric (LNCVTWG) operators are developed based on the TOLs of LNCVs. Forth, a MAGDM technique is built in view of the LNCVTWA and LNCVTWG operators and the accuracy and score formulae of LNCVs. Fifth, the built MAGDM technique is employed in a MAGDM case of landslide control scheme choice in the scenario of LNCVs and then compared with existing LNV MAGDM technique to reflect the validity and reasonability of the built technique.
“It’s best not to discuss or see sexual orientation”: An examination of sexuality blindfolding
Authors: Cipollina Rebecca , Sanchez Diana T.
Published: January 2025

A vast literature has examined identity-blind ideologies towards race (e.g., beliefs that ignoring racial differences/race can promote intergroup harmony), but a parallel ideology regarding beliefs about discussing and recognizing sexual orientation has yet to be explored. Across four studies, the present work documented correlates of identity-blind ideologies towards sexual orientation (referred to in this work as sexuality blindfolding) among cisgender heterosexual samples, and explored LGBTQ participants’ perceptions of sexuality blindfolding. Studies 1–2 indicated two dimensions of sexuality blindfolding (i.e., category evasion and discussion avoidance) which have distinct relationships with cisgender heterosexual Americans’ LGBTQ attitudes and equality support. Studies 3–4 examined LGBTQ individuals’ perceptions of organizations that endorsed one or more of the dimensions of sexuality blindfolding, and identified consistent negative perceptions of discussion avoidance, with less negative perceptions of category evasion. Taken together, the present work expands research on identity-blind ideologies, critiques the egalitarian framing of sexuality blindfolding, and identifies how varied dimensions of sexuality blindfolding may shape LGBTQ people’s belonging and equality pursuits.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common diagnosis in patients admitted at the memory clinic: Please screen for it!
Authors: Liguori Claudio
Published: January 2025

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects a large portion of middle-aged and older adults. It has been linked to increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. OSA can impair cognitive performance and patients with cognitive complaints can frequently present with this sleep disorder. Although instruments able for correctly screening patients with cognitive impairment and OSA exist, there is no evidence about utility and feasibility of their use in the memory clinics. The study by Lam et al. showed that, in case of impossibility of performing polysomnography–that is the gold standard for OSA diagnosis, pulse oximetry can represent a good instrument for screening patients with cognitive impairment for OSA, and they do not advice for using sleep interview or STOP-Bang questionnaire for screening this sleep disorder.
Understanding news experience: The resonance between content, practices, and situatedness in everyday life
Authors: Borchgrevink-Brækhus Marianne
Published: January 2025

People relate to news in highly complex ways. Research on news audiences has identified how content reception, user practices, and spatiotemporal contexts influence relations to news. This study aims to see these dimensions as connected, emphasizing the significance of understanding how news content, practices, and people’s situatedness resonate in the context of everyday life and how this resonance reflects personal identity. Conceptually, the paper employs the concept of news experience as an analytical lens to understand the multilayered nature of how people relate to news. Empirically, six distinct forms of news experience are identified, all in which content, practices, and situatedness resonate differently: Reassurance, control, social connection, relaxation, diversion, and stress. Drawing on a Norwegian three-step data collection, including recurring interviews, news diaries, data donations, and video-ethnography from the same informants, the article methodologically contributes to a more profound understanding of the dynamics involved in various forms of news experience.
In- and near-nozzle and external flow characterization in Gasoline Direct injection (GDi) engines – A review of latest technologies and trends. Part 2: Computational background
Authors: Martínez María , Martí-Aldaraví Pedro , Salvador Francisco Javier , Martínez-Miracle Enrique Carlos
Published: January 2025

In an era where engine design has been influenced by the interest in emissions reduction, the use of gasoline direct injection systems has proven to be an effective means to approach this goal, enhancing the efficiency of these engines. This objective has led researchers to explore new technologies, greatly branching out research in the injection process, especially those that use fuel as one of their energy sources. Gasoline direct injection is now being combined with many other techniques with the aim of increasing efficiency. The use of fuel blends, such as the combination of gasoline with biofuels, hydrogen, compressed natural gas (CNG), and others, holds significant potential to reduce emissions in the transportation sector. These blends enable a transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. However, the mechanics applied, not only to the combination of various technologies but solely to gasoline, have not yet been fully understood. This is largely due to, for example, the relative novelty of this technology compared to its diesel counterparts. The study of the gasoline direct injection processes is essential for the transition to cleaner and more efficient vehicles. Despite the importance of alternative fuels, a thorough understanding of gasoline is crucial for advancing toward more sustainable mobility. Therefore, it has been considered of interest to summarize in this article the latest research topics related to the gasoline direct injection (GDI) process, providing researchers with a valuable resource to understand the current state of research, the different technologies of gasoline direct injection and the phenomena that take place in this process. Since research applied to gasoline direct injection systems is extensive, this article proposes to make a distinction between the injection process and combustion, focusing solely on the injection. In the same way, it is suggested to study the injection process in several phases: in- and near-field of the injector and downstream of the injector. In this study, an extensive analysis is conducted on the CFD techniques employed in recent research. In the same way as Part 1 of this article, which is dedicated to experimental techniques, the goal is to promote a better understanding of the gasoline direct injection processes. In Part 2, this objective is achieved through the study of computational techniques, focusing solely on the injection and mixture formation process.
Pace of Life Is Faster for a Bored Person: Exploring the Relationship Between Trait Boredom and Fast Life History Strategy
Authors: Kim Garam , Choi Eunsoo
Published: January 2025

Life history theory suggests that in harsh, unpredictable environments, individuals may benefit from adopting a fast life history strategy. This may involve experiencing boredom more frequently and intensely as an adaptive mechanism to seek novel stimuli, potentially increasing the number of sexual partners and offspring. This study explored the relationship between trait boredom—a chronic characteristic of feeling bored—and fast life history strategies. Our findings confirmed a positive association between boredom proneness and fast life history strategies at both individual and country levels. In Study 1, fast life history strategy was positively correlated with boredom proneness and mediated the relationship between perceived childhood support/resources and boredom proneness. In Study 2, we conducted a multi-level analysis using secondary data from 15 countries. The results showed that countries with higher boredom proneness scores showed more indicators of faster life history strategies. These results suggest that trait boredom may be a functional characteristic of fast life history strategists. This study is the first empirical investigation of trait boredom within a life history framework, highlighting trait boredom's functional role from evolutionary and ecological perspectives.
Blaschke mode decomposition: algorithm and application
Authors: Zheng Xianbin , Cheng Zhengyang , Cheng Junsheng , Yang Yu , Yang Xingkai
Published: January 2025

Gear fault modulation information is often obscured by noise, and existing signal decomposition methods do not directly address the modulation characteristics of the gear, making it difficult to fully extract fault-related information. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a novel signal decomposition method, Blaschke mode decomposition (BMD). First, BMD proposed the weighted Chebyshev index and, based on this, develops the Chebyshev-based Blaschke transform, which effectively reveals weak modulation information hidden within the signal. Second, BMD incorporates a feature-constrained spectral segmentation strategy that divides the Blaschke spectrum into segments with distinct modulation characteristics, effectively suppressing noise interference. Finally, BMD constructs an ideal zero-phase filter bank to decompose the signal into components that clearly exhibit modulation characteristics. As an innovative signal decomposition method, BMD excels at extracting gear fault characteristics while significantly reducing noise interference. Experimental results demonstrate that BMD provides superior signal decomposition performance, enhancing the accuracy of mechanical fault diagnosis and showcasing its practical value.
Heading for burnout: The early years workforce in England post COVID-19
Authors: Solvason Carla , Sutton-Tsang Samantha , Stobbs Nicola
Published: January 2025

Over recent years there has been a raft of literature drawing attention to the inequity of working conditions for those in the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) sector in England; however, it remains rare that we have the opportunity to hear the voices of the practitioners telling their own story. Through an online anonymous survey, we gained rich qualitative data from 59 ECEC practitioners in England who discussed feeling disillusionment, injustice and exhaustion; experiences and emotions that were magnified through their experiences during and after the pandemic. In this article we argue that the ECEC sector has reached breaking point, and that immediate action is needed if we are to avoid the loss of a passionate, skilled and dedicated workforce, and if we are to avoid the risk of our most vulnerable children suffering the consequences.
Getting NIL for Unpaid Labor: Self-Branding U.S. “Student-Athletes” in the Influencer Marketplace
Authors: Serazio Michael
Published: January 2025

For decades, the NCAA and its member schools profited richly from sports while denying student-athletes “employee” status and a direct compensation share in generating that value. Since 2019, state-level reforms pertaining to student-athletes’ use of their own name, image, and likeness, alongside a landmark Supreme Court decision, radically transformed the collegiate commercial landscape and burgeoned influencer-style, social media endorsement opportunities. Examining nearly 400 news articles published during that time, this qualitative textual analysis tracks and critiques the media coverage and stakeholder discourse around this issue as key policy events (both legislative and judicial) unfolded and shaped these prospects. The essay argues that NIL has been championed as market liberation for those willing to self-brand and hustle gig-economy leads—in keeping with ideals of neoliberalism and especially for already-marginalized female student-athletes—but that any such celebration remains premature when unpaid labor on the field of play persisted exploitatively.
Effect of solution concentration, process parameters and a second electric field on electrospun polyamide-11 fibers
Authors: Barata Teresa Raquel A , Paul Roshan , Belino Nuno JR
Published: January 2025

The electrospinning process parameters for producing polyamide 11 (PA11) nanofibers using formic acid (FA) as the solvent were investigated. Key variables such as solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance, applied voltage, flow rate, and the introduction of a second electric field were optimized to produce uniform, bead-free nanofibers. Preliminary studies indicated that a 10% (w/v) PA11/FA solution concentration, a 25 kV voltage applied to the collector, a 12 cm tip-to-collector distance and a flow rate of 0.03 mL/min yielded the most consistent results in a conventional nozzle electrospinning setup. The effects of distance, voltage, and flow rate on fiber morphology were examined, with increased distance producing thinner fibers due to improved solvent evaporation, while higher voltages resulted in thicker fibers, highlighting the complex interplay between these parameters. Flow rate also played a significant role in fiber formation. The incorporation of charged metallic rings along the jet path, introducing a second electric field, further improved fiber uniformity. The most significant effect on the morphology of electrospun PA11 fibers was observed with rings connected to increasing voltage values, resulting in fibers with an average diameter of 145.7 ± 23.7 nm, minimal bead formation, and uniform circular cross-section. These optimized electrospinning parameters and the application of a second electric field show potential for improving fiber quality in applications such as filtration, textiles, and tissue engineering, contributing to a deeper understanding of PA11 electrospinning.
Physical Environment as Servicescape: Increasing International Students’ Participation in Campus Recreation Programs and Services
Authors: Cavan Spencer A. , Hums Mary
Published: January 2025

International student presence on U.S. college campuses is increasing. These students face personal and professional challenges navigating higher education when studying abroad. Active recreation participation may lessen these challenges. However, campus recreation participation rates among international students remain low. Researchers applied the servicescape concept in campus recreation to understand its impact on international graduate students’ recreation participation rates, and proposed recommendations for improvement. Adopting a qualitative phenomenological design, researchers conducted semistructured interviews with 10 international graduate students at a major U.S. public institution. Results revealed the presence of social servicescape, student integration into the campus community, cultivation of inclusion, and the importance of professional staff demonstrating intentionality when marketing to international students. Findings highlighted values of improving campus recreation environments to support international students and provided insights to enhance programming efforts. Servicescape influences campus recreation participation, enriches the overall campus experience for international students, and fosters a more inclusive and supportive environment.
Beyond the Saturation Point of Horror. The Holocaust at Nuremberg Revisited
Authors: Priemel Kim Christian
Published: January 2025

It has long been a matter of contention what role the Nuremberg Trials accorded to the murder of the European Jews. While especially early historiography considered the Allied war crimes proceedings the beginning of «Holocaust trials», a later generation of scholars would argue that the extermination of Europe’s Jews was both under- and misrepresented in the course of the 1945–1949 trials. The present article sets out to reconcile both views by pointing to the heterogeneity of the Nuremberg record, which offered a vast panorama of Holocaust-related evidence and highlighted crimes against Jews at pivotal moments of the trials while also allowing differing, often contradictory narratives to stand side by side. Judicial procedure, however, tended to privilege intentionalist interpretations, and many historians would adopt this prominently formulated paradigm rather than amend it by drawing on the more comprehensive trial record. The article submits that, even measured by the anachronistic standard of present-day Holocaust historiography, Nuremberg’s findings fare surprisingly well.
Mobility and Immobility during the Cold War: International Tourism and the Politics of Free Movement in Socialist Romania, 1950s–1980s
Authors: Stefan Adelina
Published: January 2025

This article examines the tension between, on the one hand, the Romanian socialist state's wish to develop international tourism and the embrace of free movement ideology, and, on the other, its restrictive policies when it came to the mobility of goods and its own citizens. This tension was not, as much of the existing literature has suggested, the outcome of the socialist state's ineffectiveness on the international scene or of its totalitarian nature. Instead, as this article shows, it was the result of a multifaceted process, which involved global promises combined with domestic and international economic limitations, as well as the engagement of local actors, such as the Securitate (secret police) agents.
Metaphoric communication as change leadership action: A study of root metaphors used by change leaders in Japan
Authors: Nagaishi Makoto
Published: January 2025

This article uses a Japanese multinational corporation (MNC) as an example to explore how and why leaders figuratively communicate in organizations. The prior studies generally overlook the impacts of leaders’ metaphoric communication on the members’ sense-making processes. This study advances it by building grounded explanations of the research question and draws the following conclusions. First, the root metaphors of top management, such as the “leader as an authentic and adaptive risk-taker,” may create a framing effect on organizational members’ generative way of understanding change processes. Second, the metaphor of the “leader as a victim of change ambivalence” does not necessarily evoke members’ sympathy in the early stage of change. Third, change leaders can effectively use metaphors by aligning them with congruent organizational discourses.
Prevalence of carotid plaques with high-risk features in embolic stroke of undetermined source: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rapillo Costanza Maria , Giuricin Alessandro , Sarti Cristina , Nesi Mascia , Marcheselli Simona , Lombardo Ivano , Pascarella Rosario , Zedde Marialuisa , Arba Francesco
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Recent evidence suggests a possible role of non-stenotic carotid atherosclerotic plaques in the etiology of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS).

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and characteristics of non-stenotic carotid plaques (NSPs) with high-risk features (complicated NSP) in internal carotid artery in unilateral ESUS in the anterior circulation. We searched MEDLINE and Ovid-Embase databases. High-risk features were intraplaque hemorrhage, thickness ⩾ 3 mm, ulceration, and hypodensity. We assessed the risk of bias (RoB), extracted the data, calculated the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Inverse Variance Weighting method, and Random Effect models.

Results:

We included 16 studies and 1406 patients with different imaging for NSP assessment (1 ultrasound, 11 computed tomography (CT)-angiography, 4 magnetic resonance (MR) angiography). The RoB was moderate to low in most studies. Definition of complicated NSP differed across studies. The combined prevalence of any complicated NSP was 31% (95% CI = 27–36%) ipsilateral and 14% (95% CI = 9–19%) contralateral to the index stroke, the finding of any high-risk NSP was fourfold higher ipsilateral to the index stroke (OR = 3.63; 95% CI = 2.09–6.33). The prevalence of single high-risk features ipsilateral to ESUS was as follows: 35% (95% CI = 30–41%) for thickness ⩾ 3 mm; 24% (95% CI = 8–39%) for ulceration; 45% (95% CI = −2; 93%) for hypodensity, 16% (95% CI = 5–26%) for intraplaque hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

Complicated NSPs are present in around a third of all ESUS, and are four times more frequent ipsilaterally to the index stroke. Our results confirm the possible causal role in ESUS and highlight the need for greater diagnostic uniformity of plaque at risk.