bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The disparities in health insurance ownership of hospital-based birth deliveries in eastern Indonesia
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Zuardin Zuardin , Nopianto Nopianto
Published: November 2021

Background

Development in Eastern Indonesia tends to be left behind compared to other Indonesian regions, including development in the health sector. The study aimed at analyzing the health insurance ownership disparities in hospital delivery in Eastern Indonesia.

Methods

The study draws on secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The study population was women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the last five years in Eastern Indonesia. The study analyzes a weighted sample size of 2299 respondents. The study employed hospital-based birth delivery as a dependent variable. Apart from health insurance ownership, other variables analyzed as independent variables are province, residence type, age group, marital status, education level, employment status, parity, and wealth status. The final stage analysis used binary logistic regression.

Results

The results showed that insured women were 1.426 times more likely than uninsured women to undergo hospital delivery (AOR 1.426; 95% CI 1.426–1.427). This analysis indicates that having health insurance is a protective factor for women in Eastern Indonesia for hospital delivery. There is still a disparity between insured and uninsured women in hospital-based birth deliveries in eastern Indonesia. Insured women are nearly one and a half times more likely than uninsured women to give birth in a hospital.

Conclusion

The study concludes that there are health insurance ownership disparities for hospital delivery in eastern Indonesia. Insured women have a better chance than uninsured women for hospital delivery.
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of pulmonary function in middle and old-aged Chinese monozygotic twins
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Weijing , Li Weilong , Duan Haiping , Xu Chunsheng , Tian Xiaocao , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: November 2021

Background

Previous studies have determined the epigenetic association between DNA methylation and pulmonary function among various ethnics, whereas this association is largely unknown in Chinese adults. Thus, we aimed to explore epigenetic relationships between genome-wide DNA methylation levels and pulmonary function among middle-aged Chinese monozygotic twins.

Methods

The monozygotic twin sample was drawn from the Qingdao Twin Registry. Pulmonary function was measured by three parameters including forced expiratory volume the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Linear mixed effect model was used to regress the methylation level of CpG sites on pulmonary function. After that, we applied Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT) to predict the genomic regions enrichment, and used comb-p python library to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Gene expression analysis was conducted to validate the results of differentially methylated analyses.

Results

We identified 112 CpG sites with the level of P < 1 × 10–4 which were annotated to 40 genes. We identified 12 common enriched pathways of three pulmonary function parameters. We detected 39 DMRs located at 23 genes, of which PRDM1 was related to decreased pulmonary function, and MPL, LTB4R2, and EPHB3 were related to increased pulmonary function. The gene expression analyses validated DIP2C, ASB2, SLC6A5, and GAS6 related to decreased pulmonary function.

Conclusion

Our DNA methylation sequencing analysis on identical twins provides new references for the epigenetic regulation on pulmonary function. Several CpG sites, genes, biological pathways and DMRs are considered as possible crucial to pulmonary function.
Association of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentration, prothrombin time and cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Jia , Liu Ming-Ming , Liu Hui-Hui , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Dong Qian , Qian Jie , Dou Ke-Fei , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Li Jian-Jun
Published: November 2021

Background

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is considered to have multiple roles in the development of atherosclerosis, which is recently reported to participate in the thrombotic process. We aimed to examine the relationship between PCSK9 concentration, coagulation indexes and cardiovascular events.

Methods

A total of 2293 consecutive patients with angina-like chest pain and without lipid-lowering drugs treatment were enrolled and followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Circulating PCSK9 concentration was determined by ELISA. The routine coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time were performed. The associations between PCSK9 concentration, routine coagulation indicators and MACEs were analyzed.

Results

Patients with high PCSK9 levels had lower PT and APTT levels (all p <  0.05). However, PCSK9 concentration was only independently and negatively correlated with PT (β = − 0.115, p <  0.001). During a mean of 38.3 months, 186 (8.1%) MACEs were occurred. Multiple Cox regression analysis indicated high PCSK9 or low PT levels as risk factors related to MACEs. When the prognosis was analyzed by the combination of PCSK9 and PT levels, patients with high PCSK9 and low PT had higher incidence of MACEs compared to those with low PCSK9 and high PT.

Conclusions

Our study firstly suggested that PCSK9 concentration was negatively correlated with plasma levels of PT. Furthermore, high PCSK9 and low PT were associated with MACEs and the combination of PCSK9 with PT had an addictive effect on predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chest pain, which was useful for further subdivision of cardiovascular risks.
Infection prevention strategies are highly protective in COVID-19 units while main risks to healthcare professionals come from coworkers and the community
Authors: Gohil Shruti K. , Quan Kathleen A. , Madey Keith M. , King-Adelsohn Suzanne , Tjoa Tom , Tifrea Delia , Crews Bridgit O. , Monuki Edwin S. , Khan Saahir , Schubl Sebastian D. , Bittencourt Cassiana E. , Detweiler Neil , Chang Wayne , Willis Lynn , Khusbu Usme , Saturno Antonella , Rezk Sherif A. , Figueroa Cesar , Jain Aarti , Assis Rafael , Felgner Philip , Edwards Robert , Hsieh Lanny , Forthal Donald , Wilson William C. , Stamos Michael J. , Huang Susan S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Early evaluations of healthcare professional (HCP) COVID-19 risk occurred during insufficient personal protective equipment and disproportionate testing, contributing to perceptions of high patient-care related HCP risk. We evaluated HCP COVID-19 seropositivity after accounting for community factors and coworker outbreaks.

Methods

Prior to universal masking, we conducted a single-center retrospective cohort plus cross-sectional study. All HCP (1) seen by Occupational Health for COVID-like symptoms (regardless of test result) or assigned to (2) dedicated COVID-19 units, (3) units with a COVID-19 HCP outbreak, or (4) control units from 01/01/2020 to 04/15/2020 were offered serologic testing by an FDA-authorized assay plus a research assay against 67 respiratory viruses, including 11 SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Multivariable models assessed the association of demographics, job role, comorbidities, care of a COVID-19 patient, and geocoded socioeconomic status with positive serology.

Results

Of 654 participants, 87 (13.3%) were seropositive; among these 60.8% (N = 52) had never cared for a COVID-19 patient. Being male (OR 1.79, CI 1.05–3.04,p = 0.03), working in a unit with a HCP-outbreak unit (OR 2.21, CI 1.28–3.81,p < 0.01), living in a community with low owner-occupied housing (OR = 1.63, CI = 1.00–2.64,p = 0.05), and ethnically Latino (OR 2.10, CI 1.12–3.96,p = 0.02) were positively-associated with COVID-19 seropositivity, while working in dedicated COVID-19 units was negatively-associated (OR 0.53, CI = 0.30–0.94,p = 0.03). The research assay identified 25 additional seropositive individuals (78 [12%] vs. 53 [8%],p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Prior to universal masking, HCP COVID-19 risk was dominated by workplace and community exposures while working in a dedicated COVID-19 unit was protective, suggesting that infection prevention protocols prevent patient-to-HCP transmission.

Article summary

Prior to universal masking, HCP COVID-19 risk was dominated by workplace and community exposures while working in a dedicated COVID-19 unit was protective, suggesting that infection prevention protocols prevent patient-to-HCP transmission.
Feminist trends in distance and hybrid higher education: a scoping review
Authors: Jiménez-Cortés Rocío , Aires Luisa
Published: November 2021

Higher distance education models can be described from the theoretical and practical foundation of feminist pedagogy. The objective of this work is to know what feminist approaches are identified in the pedagogical models adopted by distance and hybrid education at the University and what curricular characteristics they have. The scoping review is carried out on a total of 126 journals bringing together 60 indexed, 30 specialized in gender and 6 in education. The final sample is made up of 10 papers that meet the established inclusion criteria. The review method is based on three phases of collection, description, and analysis with different tasks and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol is followed. The results obtained from mixed methodology applied show three perspectives that set trends in distance and hybrid higher education models from feminist approaches: (a) feminist-pragmatist, (b) eco-dialogical feminist and (c) intersectional-technofeminist. These trends show the application of feminist principles to curriculum design and their implementation in distance and hybrid higher education.
Negative 18F-FET PET/CT in brain metastasis recurrence: a teaching case report
Authors: Alshehri Samirah , Prior John , Moshebah Mohammed , Schiappacasse Luis , Dunet Vincent
Published: November 2021

Positron emission tomography (PET) using O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET has been shown to be a useful tool for differentiating radiation therapy outcomes, such as brain metastasis recurrence or radiation necrosis. We present the case of a female patient with brain metastases from pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma with suspicion of tumor recurrence on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after radiosurgery. 18F-FET PET/computed tomography (CT) was indicative of radiation necrosis. Due to the patient's medical history and the discrepancy between the brain MRI and PET/CT results, surgical biopsies were decided, which were positive for brain metastasis recurrence. The diagnosis of metastasis recurrence may also be challenging on 18F-FET PET/CT. In case of discrepancies between MRI and PET/CT results, false-negative 18F-FET PET/CT remains a possibility and requires careful follow-up or biopsy.
Association between ultrasound images and patient-reported outcomes in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective study
Authors: Nawata Masao , Someya Kazuki , Funada Masashi , Fujita Yuya , Nagayasu Atsushi , Saito Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: November 2021

Background

Improvements in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have made it possible to achieve treatment goals. It has been reported that both residual synovitis caused by RA and the patients’ subjective symptoms remain even after achieving the treatment goals; however, there are limited reports showing a relationship between them. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated the relationship between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and subclinical synovitis measured by musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) in the treatment of RA. This study aimed to investigate residual symptoms and residual synovitis due to remission (REM) or low disease activity (LDA).

Methods

We performed MSUS on 300 patients with RA who attended our hospital for routine care, and we analysed them cross-sectionally by disease activity. Grayscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) synovitis was evaluated in 22 bilateral hand joints using MSUS. We first performed univariate and multivariate analysis by dividing the data by disease activity. Next, we analysed each PRO in the obtained MSUS results.

Results

A multivariate analysis of high disease activity (HDA)/moderate disease activity (MDA) vs. LDA/ REM group identified tender joint count (TJC), pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, and presence or absence of GS score ≥ 2. The one-way analysis of the relationship between the presence or absence of GS score ≥ 2 and each PRO showed a significant difference. In contrast, a multivariate analysis of LDA vs. REM group identified TJC and fatigue VAS score. In REM, PROs alone were relevant, and there was no correlation with MSUS.

Conclusion

We found that the residual inflammation in the ultrasound images was associated with PROs in the LDA group, but not in the REM group.

Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
The Paradox of Automation: QWERTY and the Neuter Keyboard
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: November 2021

With the neutering of the QWERTY keyboard in the early 1980s following largely successful clerical worker organizing, male workers in offices began taking on clerical work that, until recently, they would have considered beneath both their job descriptions and their manhood. Paradoxically, the men who now began typing, filing, and performing data entry for themselves did not generally consider the imposition of these new tasks an increase in work. Rather, they called it “automation.” Employers’ and computer manufacturers’ regendering of the QWERTY keyboard from feminine to neuter in the last quarter of the twentieth century was an example of the uses and power of the automation discourse, an ideological commitment that obscured the intensification of human labor behind utopian rhetoric and technological enthusiasm. Employers regendered the keyboard to get more work out of their employees, and as they did so, they claimed that no one did the work at all. Obscuring human labor behind technological marvels, the claims that the work was done by “automation” proved persuasive, even as human labor was sped up and intensified.
Προσδοκίες ή αντιλήψεις; Σύγκριση μετρήσεων της ποιότητας των εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών: Μία εμπειρική μελέτη με την κλίμακα EppaikQual
Authors: Αθανασιάδης (Athanasiadis) Αναστάσιος (Anastasios)
Published: November 2021

Στο πεδίο της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών εντοπίζονται ελλείψεις σε εμπειρικά δεδομένα που εξετάζουν την αποτελεσματικότητα των μετρήσεων της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών μεταξύ διαφορετικών μεθοδολογιών. Σκοπός της εμπειρικής μελέτης είναι ο έλεγχος της σύμπτωσης ή της απόκλισης των μετρήσεων της ποιότητας των εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών σε ένα πρόγραμμα παιδαγωγικής κατάρτισης για υποψήφιους εκπαιδευτικούς. Ο έλεγχος πραγματοποιείται με τη χρήση της κλίμακας EppaikQual  βάσει της μεθοδολογίας ServQual και ServPerf.Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μία έρευνα επισκόπησης στο πεδίο της μέτρησης της ποιότητας των εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών. Για τον έλεγχο της ερευνητικής υπόθεσης εφαρμόζονται συγκεκριμένες στατιστικές μέθοδοι οι οποίες σχετίζονται με την ποσοτική διάσταση της εμπειρικής μελέτης. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν συνολικά 481 καταρτιζόμενοι υποψήφιοι εκπαιδευτικοί, ενώ τα δεδομένα συνελέχθησαν με τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικού ερωτηματολογίου.Η εμπειρική μελέτη καταλήγει στην ύπαρξη στατιστικά σημαντικών διαφορών στις μετρήσεις μεταξύ των δύο μεθοδολογιών. Ωστόσο δεν προτείνει καμία μεθοδολογία μέτρησης ως αποτελεσματικότερη, εξαιτίας των οριακών αποκλίσεων που εντοπίστηκαν αλλά και εξαιτίας της ανάγκης για την εκμετάλλευση των πλεονεκτημάτων που η κάθε προσέγγιση προσφέρει, στην προσπάθεια για μία ολιστική αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας των εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών.Η έρευνα εστιάζει σε ένα μόνο πρόγραμμα παιδαγωγικής κατάρτισης στην Ελλάδα και επομένως τα συμπεράσματα δεν μπορούν να γενικευτούν για το σύνολο των παιδαγωγικών προγραμμάτων κατάρτισης. Το άρθρο περιλαμβάνει μία προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία μέτρησης της ποιότητας των εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών με τη χρήση της κλίμακας EppaikQual μέσω του συνδυασμού δύο ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενων μεθοδολογιών μέτρησης, παρέχοντας χρήσιμες πληροφορίες στη διοίκηση των εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων για την αποτελεσματικότερη διαχείριση της ποιότητας των προγραμμάτων που προσφέρουν. Επιπλέον, μέσω της έρευνας παρέχονται εμπειρικά δεδομένα τα οποία ενισχύουν τη συζήτηση στο πεδίο της μέτρησης της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών.
Economic and Political Reconstruction and Development of FRG in the Period after World War II
Authors: Janik Mariusz
Published: November 2021

In the first post-war years, the policy of the Western occupying powers towards Germany was aimed at preventing the economic revival of their former formidable competitor. As a result of these efforts, West Germany rebuilt its economy to the pre-war level later than Great Britain or France. The undoubted shift in the economic development of West Germany began in mid-1948. The impetus for the rapid growth of industrial production was the monetary reform carried out by the Western occupying powers, as well as the inflow of funds under the Marshall Plan. The monetary reform carried out in June 1948 favoured the strengthening of the financial market and was an incentive to invest. The influx of capital under the Marshall Plan had a similar impact on the West Germany’s economy during this period. The western zones of Germany played a special role in this plan. The United States, striving to strengthen its position in these zones as much as possible and use them as a strategic base (aimed, inter alia, against the communist bloc), provided West Germany with a sum of loans and subsidies significantly exceeding the amount of aid provided to other Western European countries. An extremely serious burden for the Western occupation zones was the influx of refugees from neighbouring areas (a total of about 10 million people) and the need to maintain the occupation troops, which directly led to a huge deficit in food resources. Agricultural production fell and ranged only from 66% to 75% of the pre-war production level.
The Issues of Democratization in Relations between Turkey and the USA in the Post-War Period
Authors: Makaradze Beka
Published: November 2021

At the end of the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century, the relations between Turkey and the United States of America attracted the attention of the international community. Since the end of the Cold War, the relationship between the Republic of Turkey and the United States has been mainly focused on security. The foreign policy of the two countries, from time to time, was conducted at counterpurposes. Parallel to this, the periods of ups and downs in political relations had an impact on economic relations as well. It was the matter of security that determined the acceptance of mutual cooperation between the two countries. On the one side stood the USA – one of the leaders of the Western bloc in the Cold War, and on the other Turkey – a state very important in its region, but the most dependent on the US. Despite being in the NATO bloc together with the USA, Turkey has never felt secure itself. Assessing Ankara’s domestic and foreign policy, it is necessary to take into account the relationship with the United States, as it had the biggest impact on the overall shape of Turkey’s policy. Although the real and potential power of these two countries was not equal, during the Cold War Turkey became a stronghold of NATO and the Western bloc against the Soviet Union. Turkey was one of the countries that appeared on the border between the eastern and western hemispheres. Perhaps due to the peculiarities of its geographical location, Turkey became a country with equally special role in the world politics. The relations with the United States evolved precisely in this direction.
Medullary vasomotor center: a modern view of the structure, function and its role in arterial hypertension pathogenesis
Authors: Danukalo M. , Hancheva O. , Melnikova O. , Isachenko M.
Published: November 2021

The medullary centers of blood pressure regulation have been in the field of vision of both physiologists and doctors for a very long period of time. This is mainly due to the abundance of structures and interstructural interactions in the brain stem, involved in maintaining blood pressure. Advances in research technology open new opportunities these days to look at this problem from a different angle. Moreover, research of medullary centers of blood pressure regulation will make it possible to understand better the mechanisms of persistent increase in blood pressure, which will create the preconditions for the formation of new pathogenetically substantiated therapeutic approaches in the treatment of such a widespread and dangerous pathology as arterial hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze modern views about the structure and composition of the medullary vasomotor center, its functions and its role in the arterial hypertension development. To achieve this goal, the search by keywords:  arterial hypertension, baroreflex, NTS, DMN, RVLM, CVLM, CPA, SHR, LC and analysis of scientific articles from the databases of search engines Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med was done. Conclusions: 1. The analysis of literature sources showed that the concept of "medullar vasomotor center" includes a number of brainstem formations, the most studied of which are the structures of the dorsal complex of the vagus nerve (the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dorsal motor nucleus, area postrema), the rostral and caudal ventrolateral regions of medulla, caudal pressor area, noradrenergic structures of the brainstem, in particular the locus coeruleus, as the biggest of them. 2. According to literary sources, arterial hypertension is accompanied by the changes in the morphofunctional state of the above-mentioned structures. The most common mechanisms are violation of the neurotransmitter composition within the structure and the neuroinflammatory process.
The level of physical activity in the lifestyle of physical education students
Authors: Południak Natalia , Rykiel Zuzanna , Pelic Paulina , Szymańska Natalia , Drzewi Dominik , Chrzanowski Michał , Suchowicz Katarzyna , Czerw Piotr , Burakowska Justyna , Skrzek Daria , Rejman Aneta
Published: November 2021

Subject: The level of physical activity in the lifestyle of physical education students

Introduction: Physical activity is defined as voluntary and spontaneous physical activity practiced during leisure time. Thanks to it, the body can function properly and develop on many levels. It plays an important role in social and physical development, as well as intellectual and emotional development. It finds its place in the fight against civilization diseases, it is also beneficial in resisting many other diseases.

 

Aim: The aim of the article is to assess the level of physical activity of physical education students of various specializations.

 

Material and methods: The research was conducted among students of physical education at the University of Rzeszów. 60 people took part in them - 38 women and 22 men aged 19-30. The respondents answered anonymously to 18 closed, single-choice questions.

 

Results: The majority of students are engaged in physical activity outside a college, and 65% of it is at amateur level activity. The most common reason why respondents take up physical activity is to improve the functional fitness of the body. 58% of the respondents undertook physical activity more than 3 times a week.

 

Conclusions: Most of the respondents do physical activity outside of their studies. The most common reason for taking up physical activity among the respondents was the improvement of the functional fitness of the body, and the factors influencing the fact that students are physically active were to the greatest extent sports activities

 

Key words: physical activity; lifestyle; physical education; student.
Influenza season - is there anything to worry about?
Authors: Dubaj Maciej , Słomczyńska Katarzyna , Karczmarczyk Marta
Published: November 2021

Influenza (the flu) is an acute infectious disease caused by viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family, causing a wide variety of symptoms in humans, ranging from mildly disturbing daily activities to life-threatening pneumonia, depending on the state of their immune system. The annual increase in the incidence of this disease is called "the flu season", which is a periodic epidemic that affects people all around the world. Despite the individual, economic and epidemiological risks associated with infection with the influenza virus, the disease is often underestimated by people. The aim of this study was to present influenza as a threat to the health of individuals and society by describing the pathomechanisms of its formation and spread, available diagnostic and therapeutic options, as well as annual vaccinations as the most effective method of disease prevention. The current publications available in online scientific databases from many countries around the world were reviewed. Despite the large number of widely available research results on influenza, it is necessary to update them every year, as well as vaccines against this disease, to popularize knowledge about it, which will enable more effective epidemiological control of influenza.
The results of ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in children with hypothyroidism
Authors: Sokolnyk Snizhana , Sokolnyk Iryna , Nechytaylo Dmytro , Kolesnik Dmytro , Hinhuliak Mykola , Ostapchuk Valentyna , Loziuk Iryna , Navrata Iryna
Published: November 2021

Diseases of thyroid gland (TG) rank first among all endocrine pathologies and remain one of the most difficult problems. According to the statistics of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children does not exceed 0.035%. However, the relatively low rate can be explained by the low level of detection and diagnosis of this pathological condition due to the variability and low specificity of its symptoms. More acceptable for practice are methods of ultrasound diagnosis of the thyroid gland and laboratory examination of the content of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the serum.

Aim. To evaluate the results of ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in children with hypothyroidism.

Methods. The results are based on a survey of 94 children with hypothyroidism living in the Chernivtsi region aged 2 to 10 years. An ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, determination of the level of thyroid hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using standard methods using the StatSoft software package © Statistica® 6.0 for Microsoft® Windows XP.

Results. Analysis of the results of the study showed that in 59.6% of cases (56 out of 94) the diagnosis was made by screening for congenital hypothyroidism, and in 40.4% of cases (38 out of 94) the disease was diagnosed outside the screening. According to the results of our ultrasound, it was found that in 29 patients the thyroid tissue was not visualized in a typical place or its total volume was much less than normal. Of these, in 12 individuals, thyroid tissue was not reliably visualized at the site of TG projection, and in 17 cases was hypoplasia. In 65 patients, the TG was in a typical place, and its volume corresponded to the norm on the surface area of the body. In 85 people, regardless of the state of functional activity of the TG had a heterogeneous echostructure of the thyroid parenchyma), in 9 people the echostructure of the thyroid parenchyma was homogeneous. In thyroid hypoplasia, the level of TSH was at lower values (p <0.05) compared with thyroid dystopia.

Conclusion. Sonographic examination of the thyroid gland has a high level of information. In cases of malformations of the thyroid gland there is a more pronounced degree of thyroid insufficiency.
Morphological features of bone tissue regenerates in experimental animals when using osteotropic drugs for recovery bone defects
Authors: Lysokon Yulia , Luchynskyi Mykhailo , Iskiv Mariana
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness using of osteotropic drugs for the restoration of bone defects.

Materials and methods. The model experiment was performing on male Wistar rats. The animals has been simulated a bone defect into which was implanted:"mp3 Osteobiol" (1st experimental group - 14 animals), PRP coated with fibrin glue (2nd experimental group - 13 animals) and PRP + "mp3 Osteobiol" (3rd experimental group - 15 animals). The histological material were staining with hematoxylin-eosin (according to Van – Gizon). Microscopic studies were performing on a Leica MDE optical microscope at a magnification of x 100, x 200.

Results. At the 60th day of observation, after implantation of "mp3 OsteoBiol" + PRP, a pronounced growth of fibrous, loose, not quite mature connective tissue was visualized, with the proliferation of giant multinucleated cells, macrophages, osteoblasts and the formation of osteoids. At the end of the experiment (90th day) in the bone regenerates of animals of group III noted the active formation of the newly formed bone lamellar structure, the formation of osteons, the bone marrow canal was filled with bone marrow.

Conclusion. According to histological studies, it was found that our proposed composition, containing "mp3 OsteoBiol" and PRP, accelerated the process of bone regeneration, compared with the groups where the above agents were used alone, without inflammation, with the formation of bone, which has mature in nature.
Zdrowie publiczne oparte na dowodach na przykładzie szczepień ochronnych – teoria i praktyka
Authors: Wrześniewska-Wal Iwona , Kobuszewski Bartosz
Published: November 2021

Celem przeglądu było przedstawienie jednego z podstawowych narzędzi zdrowia publicznego, jakim są szczepienia, z punktu widzenia dowodów naukowych dotyczących ich bezpieczeństwa. Problem ten jest ściśle związany z bezpieczeństwem zdrowotnym i konstytucyjnym obowiązkiem państwa zapewnienia ochrony zdrowia i życia (art. 68 Konstytucji RP). Ważne jest, aby w przeciwieństwie do innych leków, szczepienia były podawane osobom zdrowym, a wiele z nich dzieciom. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono wpływ odkryć naukowych z zakresu chorób zakaźnych, w tym odkryć z zakresu szczepień, na profilaktykę zakażeń oraz rozwój regulacji prawnych zapewniających bezpieczeństwo pacjentów. Pokrótce przedstawiono także historię ustawodawstwa dotyczącego zdrowia publicznego oraz aktualne rozwiązania prawne Unii Europejskiej i Polski. Część druga przedstawia praktykę zdrowia publicznego opartego na dowodach (EBPH), obejmującą złożone procesy mające na celu poprawę zdrowia populacji i zmniejszenie obciążenia chorobami. Ostatnim elementem pracy jest ilościowa analiza niepożądanych reakcji poszczepiennych (NOP) zgłaszanych w ostatnich latach w Polsce, której monitorowanie jest podstawowym narzędziem oceny bezpieczeństwa szczepionek w rzeczywistej praktyce klinicznej. Przedstawiono również obecną procedurę raportowania.
Postawy pielęgniarek wobec eutanazji
Authors: Orzeł Zbigniew , Kwietniewska Sylwia , Sutryk Mariusz , Niwińska Kamila , Kutnik Blanka , Guz Ewa
Published: November 2021

Wprowadzenie
Eutanazja jest trudnym tematem moralnym i kontrowersyjnym wśród społeczeństwa, a także wśród osób wykonujących zawody medyczne. Jest tematem unikanym przez społeczeństwo, ale coraz częściej słyszymy o niej. W Polsce na dokonanie eutanazji nie ma powszechnej zgody, jest zabroniona, choć w niektórych krajach chorzy mają do niej prawo. Głównym celem pracy było poznanie opinii i postawy pielęgniarek czynnie pracujących, na temat eutanazji.
 
Cel
Celem niniejszej pracy było poznanie opinii i postawy respondentów, czyli personelu pielęgniarskiego, na temat eutanazji w badaniach pilotażowych.
 
Materiał i metody
Do badania zakwalifikowano 106 pielęgniarek zatrudnionego w placówkach zdrowotnych w powiecie krasnostawskim i chełmskim. W pracy została zastosowana metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Głównym narzędziem badawczym był samodzielnie skonstruowany, autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Kwestionariusz ankiety poddano ewaluacji. Najpierw oceny dokonali trzej sędziowie kompetentni (lekarze i pielęgniarka), następnie przeprowadzono badania pilotażowe na 10 osobach. Kwestionariusz nie wymagał poprawek. Badań pilotażowych nie włączono do badań głównych. Wszystkie wyniki poddano analizie z wykorzystaniem programu Microsoft Office Excel 2010.
 
Wyniki
W badaniu wzięło udział 106 osób: 34 kobiety i 72 mężczyzn. Średni wiek ankietowanych wynosił 40 lat. Analiza statystyczna pokazała, że większość respondentów jest przeciwnikami eutanazji i jej legalizacji w Polsce. Istotne różnice wystąpiły na płaszczyźnie zależności pomiędzy czynnikami socjo- demograficznymi warunkującymi postawę wobec eutanazji.
 
Wnioski
Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pokazują pewne tendencje i zależności, które należałoby sprawdzić rozszerzając badania w większej grupie osób pracujących, jako pielęgniarze i pielęgniarki.
Concept of Personal Identity
Authors: Sytnik-Czetwertyński Janusz
Published: November 2021

Leibniz's concept of monads had of great importance for the development of the idealistic conception. Through Kant and his "Physical Monadology" she infiltrated into modern German philosophy. However, not only modern idealists referred to the concept of monads. Especially, that many scientific disciplines, which emanated from philosophy, related to the scope of idealistic notions, for example: psychology or sociology. German psychology and its creators have many often referred to monads theory. Freud, Fromm and Jung presented even their own point of views on this topic. Later theories, such as Lowe's theory, also refer to the concept of monads. These relations and the historical connections between monad theory and modern German psycho-philosophy are shown in this work.
Abdominal pain syndrome in girls, adolescents and young women with tumor-like formations of the uterine adnexa
Authors: Tuchkina I. , Tuchkina M. , Kiebashvili S.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the clinical features of the complicated course of tumor-like formations of the uterine adnexa in girls, adolescents and young women.  The characteristic symptoms of adnexal torsion are described. Topographic and anatomic features leading to torsion of ovarian cysts and uterine appendages, features of the surgical treatment of patients with complicated adnexal torsion are presented.

The aim was to study the frequency of occurrence of ovarian tumor-like formations and their complicated course in girls, adolescents and young women, improve early diagnosis and develop optimal methods of conserving surgical treatment of this pathology.

Material and methods. The study included 90 girls, adolescents and young women. Patients were divided into three groups. 1 group included 30 young women; the 2nd group consisted of 35 adolescents 13-17 years; 3 group consisted of 25 girls from 2 to 12 years. Diagnostic complex included clinical, special gynecological, comprehensive laboratory, ultrasound (including doppler ultrasound) research, computer and magnetic resonance imaging (if indicated).

Results and discussion. The final diagnosis of “Ovarian cyst” was verified in 46 of 90 patients (51,1 %): group 1 – 26 of 30 (86,6 %), in 2 – 18 of 35 (51,4 %), in 3 - 2 of 25 (8 %). It is established that the torsion of the uterine adnexa was detected in 44 of 90 patients: in 1 group – 13,3% of cases (4 of 30 young women), in 2 group – 48,5 % (17 of 35 adolescents), in 3 group – 92 % (23 of 25 girls). 76 surgeries were performed by laparoscopy with preservation of the ovarian reserve, 12 patients were treated conservatively with final diagnosis “Ovulatory syndrome” and “Retention cyst of the ovary”.

Conclusions. Ovarian cyst as the cause of abdominal pain is significantly more often diagnosed in young reproductive age than in patients of prepubertal and pubertal age. In girls and adolescent girls with symptoms of acute abdomen the torsion of intact uterine adnexa was significantly more common than in adult patients, due to anatomical features of the internal reproductive organs and more a mobile lifestyle inherent in this age group. Optimal treatment of functional ovarian cyst is complex conservative therapy, surgical treatment of ovarian cysts at a young age is conducted under strict indications, treatment of choice is laparoscopy.
Physiotherapy in a patient with colorectal cancer - preoperative management
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Biernacki Maciej , Jęchorek Michał , Dudzic Piotr , Wyląg Joanna , Lisiński Jarosław , Polakowska-Mierzwa Karolina , Nowak Beata , Jabłoński Wiktor , Hozakowski Mateusz
Published: November 2021

During the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, whether by laparoscopic or classic open method, the tissues in the abdominal cavity are traumatized. The cuts of the muscle fibers are associated with the disturbance of the tone of the postural muscles. A scar within the abdominal cavity also causes movement limitations in the form of restrictions in the mobility of the spine. The implementation of patient rehabilitation in the form of targeted physiotherapy before the procedure should be an indispensable element of the treatment of colorectal cancer.

The aim of the study is to propose a therapy that uses the spine mobility test to diagnose deficits. The proposed preoperative therapy focuses mainly on improving the parameters of the spine's mobility. The paper presents examples of activities that can be used in therapy before surgery. A review of the available literature and own experience were used for the work.

It can be concluded from the analyzed literature that physiotherapy in oncological patients is not very widespread and is neglected in the treatment process. Patients, by In the literature, before colorectal cancer removal surgery, they are not subjected to physical rehabilitation, which is associated with complications resulting from the course of the procedure.

The process of rehabilitating patients after surgical treatment of colorectal cancer should take place in the pre-operative period. Physiotherapy should take into account the weakening of the muscle strength in the trunk and limitations of mobility caused by age. Rehabilitation should be aimed at restoring functionality.
Morphometric analysis of supraoptic neurons of the rat hypothalamic nuclei under conditions of prolonged illumination
Authors: Bulyk R. , Smetaniuk O. , Bulyk T. , Kryvchanska M.
Published: November 2021

The article reviews the results of studies of the morphofunctional state of neurons of the supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus under conditions of different duration of light regime. Under standard light regime in rats, a diurnal rhythm of morphofunctional activity of supraoptic nucleus neurons with maximum activity during daytime (before 2 p.m.) is recorded.

In animals subjected to prolonged light exposure, more pronounced changes in the morphofunctional state of the supraoptic neurons of the hypothalamus at 2 a.m. than at 2 p.m. were established. Thus, the neuronal nucleus area was 94.08 ± 9.55 μm2 and was significantly greater than that in intact animals. The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of supraoptic hypothalamic neuron at 2 a.m. was lower than that in intact animals due to a decrease in specific nucleus volume. In comparison with the day period (2 p.m.), before 2 a.m. there was revealed a decrease of the neuron body area of supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus due to possible decrease of the area of nucleus and nucleolus of cells. This was the reason for the increase in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the neurons under observation at night, which was 2.51 ± 0.023 units. Constant light regime did not cause inversion of the rhythm of morphofunctional activity of the neurons under study, the maximum values, as in intact animals, occurred in the daytime observation period.
The Use of Compression Sonoelastography in Multiparametric Ultrasound Examination in Cases of Benign Ovarian Formations
Authors: Stasiv Iryna
Published: November 2021

Properly diagnosed benign ovarian formations are a condition for appropriate treatment choice. Qualitative assessment of signs detected by multiparametric ultrasound, including compression elastography, is highly effective in the differential diagnosis of benign ovarian formations. Our study became especially relevant for women in the reproductive period since the correct diagnosis influenced the choice of surgical treatment in order to preserve the ovarian reserve. The detailed sonographic aspect of these formations in B-mode, Doppler mode and compression sonoelastography mode is analyzed in the article. Color Flow Mapping, power Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler were used to study blood vessels. Pulsed wave Doppler characterized blood flow quantitatively. Color Flow Mapping was used to determine vessels localization, and power Doppler was used to provide a detailed qualitative assessment of blood flow loci. Elastotype according to the Ueno scale as a qualitative feature and Strain Ratio (coefficient of deformation) as a quantitative indicator were determined for all types of benign ovarian formations. Serous and mucinous cystadenomas were found to belong to elastotypes 0 and I according to the Ueno scale, the papillary component of serous superficial papillomas was mapped as elastotype I and II, fibroids predominantly belonged to elastotype II and III, mature teratoma appertained to elastotypes IV and V. Quantitative coefficient of deformation for all benign ovarian formations ranged from 0.63 to 24.9. According to our results, ultrasound examination of ovarian formations is an accurate and highly informative method for stratification of risks in accordance with the O-RADS classification.
Effect of explicit and implicit components of psychologists’ mental experience on their parental competence
Authors: Gusakova Marina
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of various components of psychologists’ mental experience (ME) on their parental competence (PC) when dealing with children of primary school age. We have distinguished three factors – professional attitude, professional competence and professional learning, dividing each into a number of components relating to explicit and implicit experience. For instance, explicit representation of professional attitude in terms of communication with children is a psychologist’s self-assessment scale, and implicit representation is a degree of openness of cognitive position as willingness to solve problems. Explicit representation of psychologist’s professional competence is his/her work experience in his/her major (school psychologist), and implicit representation is reflexivity of cognitive style built by competent professionals. Professional learning for psychologists takes two forms: explicit learning, which is a conscious acquisition of knowledge and skills through trainings and seminars, and implicit learning, which is undirected, for example, through research and writing articles. It has turned out that explicit and implicit components of mental experience have a different effect on such parameters of psychologists’ parental competence as feedback efficiency, level of feedback detail and predictability of feedback usefulness. In other words, we have established that professional mental experience of psychologists may shape up their parental competence, making it both high and low. It is important to know that implicit (and often unconscious) components of mental experience have as much effect as its explicit components. We believe that study of implicit components of professional learning may contribute to improvement of psychologists’ professional training and development of a professional’s mature personality.
Dynamics of changes in nonspecific resistance of guinea pigs under conditions of formation of experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress
Authors: Olekshij P.
Published: November 2021

The aim of our study was to determine the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and nitrosine tetrazolium test (NST - test) in the dynamics of experimental periodontitis (EP) and immobilization stress (IS). It is established in the work that the indicators studied by us, namely phagocytic number, phagocytic index and NST - test increase on the 3 rd, 5 th and 15 th days of our experiment. The above tests have a high diagnostic value and allow to characterize the degree of activity of the inflammatory process and determine the participation of individual parts of the body's defense mechanisms. The obtained results make it possible to express the opinion that polymorphonuclear leukocytes take an active part in the formation of EP and IS, as well as indicate the stimulation of metabolic processes in leukocytes.
Społeczne i polityczne aspekty hodowli koni w Sparcie epoki klasycznej.
Authors: Rajewicz Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie zjawiska spartańskiej hippotrophii, koncentrując się na trzech zagadnieniach: uczestnictwie Spartan i Spartanek w konnych zawodach sportowych (hippikoi agones), organizacji hodowli (koszty, rodzaje koni, infrastruktura) i społecznych implikacjach hodowli koni w polis lacedemońskiej. Zachowane świadectwa źródłowe wskazują, że cieszyła się ona dużą popularnością wśród elity spartańskiej, pozwalając jej na manifestację statusu i okazję do zbijania kapitału politycznego. Analiza przypadku Kyniski, która jako pierwsza kobieta w dziejach sięgnęła po laur olimpijski, dobrze pokazuje powiązania hodowli z polityką.
Mozambickie zmagania Portugalczyków w czasie I wojny światowej
Authors: Kubiak Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

The historical literature devoted the Great War in Africa is dominated by the struggle between the German forces, superbly commanded by the initially lieutenant colonel, and finally general Major Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and units of the British Empire. The main reason of such situation is that in the east of Africa, the Germans continued fighting until the ceasefire in Western Europe in November 1918. In this narrative, there is relatively little room for a broader description of the struggles between the Germans and the Portuguese in Mozambique. The Luzytan military effort was described mainly, and at the same time disapprovingly, by the British. The impression appears that Albion deprecating the Iberian ally tried to dump a significant portion of the responsibility for the South-East Africa failures. The intention of the author of this text is to show Portuguese actions in an objective manner, not burdened with the British imperial narrative. It serves, above all, the use of Portuguese materials. This is - according to the author's knowledge - the first such attempt in the area of Polish historical-military literature. The author discussed the course of armed operations between the Portuguese and German forces and their impact on the findings of international conferences building a new balance of power after the end of the Great War.
Kozioł ofiarny w fursuitcie. Hierarchia w fandomach na przykładzie furry
Authors: Sutkowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

W niniejszym artykule proponuję spojrzenie na globalny fandom jako społeczność, w którą – wbrew wstępnym rozpoznaniom badaczy –wpisana jest hierarchia prestiżu społecznego, zależnego od kilku czynników. Na przykładzie fandomu furry (fanów antropomorficznych przedstawień zwierząt), zajmujących w tej hierarchii niską pozycję, opisuję te czynniki, skupiając się przede wszystkim na normatywności ekspresji, którą fandomy zapożyczają od patriarchalnej kultury głównego nurtu.
Koniec narracji triumfalistycznej w fan studies
Authors: Urbańczyk Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Recenzja: Mel Stanfill, Exploiting Fandom: How the Media Industry Seeks to Manipulate Fans, University of Iowa Press, Iowa 2019.