bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O paradigma da relação entre oclusão, ortodontia e disfunção têmporo-mandibular
Authors: Bósio José A.
Published: March 2009

O relacionamento entre oclusão, Ortodontia e disfunção têmporo-mandibular tem sido objeto de discussões e controvérsias. No passado recente, a literatura científica mostrava que os problemas de disfunção têmporo-mandibular eram ocasionados pela má oclusão e, para sua correção, um tratamento ortodôntico deveria ser realizado. Estas teorias, aparentemente, tornaram-se obsoletas e, devido aos atuais artigos científicos mais consistentes, o relacionamento destas três entidades tem sido questionado. Esta revisão de literatura procura mostrar uma possível mudança de paradigma quanto ao relacionamento destas três entidades.
Memórias: pessoalidade e impessoalidade na representação de sujeito
Authors: Costa Ana Maria Medeiros da
Published: March 2009

O artigo trata das formas de representação consideradas pela psicanálise. Indaga tanto as produções de memórias pessoais, quanto as atribuições de responsabilidade nas organizações sociais totalitárias. Indaga, também, a imbricação entre representação individual e coletiva e a particularidade que assumem as memórias da infância nessa questão.
A totalidade como ilusão: a concepção freudiana de ciência e o estilo romântico
Authors: Loureiro Ines Rosa Bianca
Published: March 2009

A concepção freudiana de ciência é um dos pontos em que o pensamento de Freud se diferencia da tradição romântica. Este artigo sugere que tal demarcação se deve menos ao cientificismo/positivismo de Freud do que à crítica que ele endereça aos saberes sistemáticos e totalizadores.
Accuracy of laparoscopy for assessing patients with endometriosis
Authors: Almeida Filho Dilermando Pereira de , Oliveira Laerte Justino de , Amaral Vivian Ferreira do
Published: March 2009

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diagnoses of endometriosis are based on observation of endometriotic lesions by means of laparoscopy, along with the pathological findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the macroscopic findings in relation to the histopathological findings. More specifically, we aimed to test the efficacy of laparoscopy alone for diagnosing endometriosis and to evaluate the laterality of endometriosis among the study population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on women undergoing laparoscopy due to pelvic pain or infertility, in the Gynecology Department of Hospital Santa Cruz in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. METHODS: A total of 976 patients underwent laparoscopy and biopsy due to pelvic pain and/or infertility. We analyzed the laparoscopic and histopathological findings from patients with pelvic endometriosis (n = 468) and patients without endometriosis (n = 508). RESULTS: In 468 (47.95%) of the cases, the clinical and laparoscopic findings were consistent with endometriosis, and this was confirmed histopathologically in 337 (34.5%). Among the remaining 508 patients, although the laparoscopy was performed for other reasons relating to acute pelvic pain, eight were diagnosed with endometriosis from histopathological examination of the pelvic specimens obtained. Therefore, endometriosis was confirmed in 345 patients (35.3%). In comparison with the histopathology, laparoscopy alone presented 97.68% sensitivity, 79.23% specificity, 72% positive predictive value and 98.42% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy should be used in conjunction with histopathology for diagnosing endometriosis.
Radionuclide imaging of infection: what the future holds
Authors: Palestro Christopher J.
Published: March 2009

Nuclear Medicine plays an important role in the evaluation of patients suspected of harboring infection. Gallium imaging is especially useful for opportunistic infections and spinal osteomyelitis. In vitro labeled leukocyte imaging is the current radionuclide gold standard for imaging most infections, in immunocompetent patients, including cardiovascular, postoperative, and musculoskeletal infections (except spinal osteomyelitis). Several in-vivo leukocyte labeling methods have been investigated, but none are widely used. Results obtained with radiolabeled antibiotics have been disappointing. Data on FDG are still emerging, but this agent appears to be especially valuable in fever of unknown origin, spinal osteomyelitis, vasculitis and sarcoidosis. It is conceivable that in the near future, FDG-PET and PET/CT will replace gallium for many indications. Investigators also are studying ways to label leukocytes with positron emitters in order to combine the advantages of PET with those of labeled leukocytes.
Psycological and physiological responses to stress: a review based on results from PET and MRI studies
Authors: Cortez Célia Martins , Cruz Frederico Alan de Oliveira , Silva Dilson
Published: March 2009

A new application for the nuclear imaging techniques is the study of organic responses to stress. Neuroimaging techniques allow the assessment of brain activation changes in association with the metabolic responses to stress. In this paper, a review of general effects of the stress on organic activity is made, emphasizing important advances introduced by studies using PET and fMRI. The importance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to onset the adequate psychical and organic responses to sustain the homeostasis during the stress is discussed, as well as the possibility of traumatic stressing experiences have negative effects on the brain.
Imaging and therapy with radionuclide labeled magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ünak Perihan
Published: March 2009

Magnetic nanoparticles offer exciting new opportunities including the improvement of the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermic treatment for malignant cells, site-specific drug delivery and also the recent research interest of manipulating cell membranes. The biological applications of these nanomaterials require these nanoparticles to have high magnetization values, size smaller than 20 nm, narrow particle size distribution and a special surface coating for both avoiding toxicity and allowing the coupling of biomolecules. In this review, we focus on the feasibility of radionuclide labeled magnetic nanoparticles, as drug carriers, and summarize recent advances in this field.
A Review of Scientific Papers About Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Paoli Severo de , Fonseca Adenilson de Souza da , Paoli Flávia de , Geller Mauro , Presta Giuseppe Antonio , Santos-Filho Sebastião David , Bernardo-Filho Mário
Published: March 2009

Head and neck cancer is one of the 10 most frequent cancers worldwide, with an estimated 500000 new cases diagnosed annually. Treatment of head and neck cancers require a multidisciplinary approach due their complexity and the functional and esthetic alterations that cancer can cause. The interest of the scientific community in a specific subject can be evaluated by analyzing of the number and the quality of published papers on the topic. The information obtained from PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez) has been used as a tool in various publications to aid the evaluation of the scientific interest in specific research areas The aim of this work is to evaluate, using PubMed, the scientific interest in studies of head and neck cancer treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. The searches were performed on PubMed for publications from the period of 1949 to 2008 using the search terms "head and neck cancer" and "surgery" or "radiotherapy" or "chemotherapy". The number of publications per year was determined in each search. The percentage of publications was also calculated for each subject in each year. An interest factor in a subject (IFS) was also determined. The number of publications was higher for surgery than chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The calculated 1964 IFS for surgery was 14.79, 12.74 for radiotherapy, and 19.58 for chemotherapy. The 1995 IFS for surgery was 1.99, 2.09 for radiotherapy, and 2.08 for chemotherapy. The relation obtained for 1995 was maintained in the subsequent years. There are more publications related to surgical treatment for head and neck cancer when compared with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, in the recent years there has an increased interest in treatments utilizing chemotherapy, or this associated to radiotherapy.
The effect of an extract from Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m and on the survival of Escherichia coli
Authors: Agostinho Raquel Terra , Santos-Filho Sebastião David , Fonseca Adenilson de Souza da , Missailidis Sotiris , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: March 2009

This study evaluated effects of an aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc) and on the survival of cultures of Escherichia coli treated with stannous chloride. Blood samples from Wistar rats were treated with reishi extract, radiolabeling procedure was performed, plasma (P), blood cells (BC) and insoluble (IF) and soluble (SF) fractions of P and BC were separated. The radioactivity was counted for the determination of the percentages of radioactivity (%ATI). Cultures of Escherichia coli AB1157 were treated with stannous chloride in the presence and absence of reishi extract. Blood samples and bacterial cultures treated with NaCl 0.9% were used as controls. Data indicated that reishi extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI of P, BC, IF-P, SF-P, IF-BC and SF-BC, as well as increased the survival of bacterial cultures treated with stannous chloride. Our results suggest that reishi extract could present a redox/chelating action, altering the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and protecting bacterial cultures against oxidative damage induced by stannous chloride.
Experimental models using radionuclides for assessment of the effects of natural drugs
Authors: Moreno Silvana Ramos Farias , Carvalho Jorge José de , Rebello Bernardo , Rocha Emely Kazan , Timóteo Margareth de Oliveira , Olej Beni , Bernardo Filho Mário , Caldas Luiz Querino de Araújo
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extracts of Nectandra membranacea (N. membranacea), Ginkgo biloba (EGb) and Passiflora (PEF) on the morphology of red blood cells (RBC), on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na), on the morphology of duodenum and on the labeling of blood constituents (BC, IF-P, IF-BC) with technetium-99m (Tc-99m). Morphometry studies also were performed. The results show that EGb promotes alteration of the labeling of BC, IF-P and IF-BC (p<0.05). The N. membranacea extract does not promote significant alteration of the radiolabeling, and PEF extract alters the IF-P labeling. N. membranacea, EGb and PEF extracts were able to alter the RBC morphology (P<0.05). N. membranacea extract and EGb modifies the biodistribution of the 99mTcO4Na, and EGb influences the morphometry of duodenum isolated from rats (P<0.05).
Ultrastructural analysis of kidney, liver and duodenum isolated from treated rats with Ginkgo Biloba extract and effects of this medicinal plant on the biodistribution of the padiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate
Authors: Moreno Silvana Ramos Farias , Carvalho Jorge José de , Nascimento Ana Lúcia , Arnobio Adriano , Olej Beni , Timóteo Margareth de Oliveira , Caldas Luiz Querino de Araújo , Bernardo Filho Mário
Published: March 2009

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been used to treat memory and concentration deficits, acts as platelet activating factor antagonism and prevents against damages caused by free radicals. EGb is a standardized extract that contains 24% flavonoids and 6% terpenoids. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible influence of an EGb on the ultrastructure of some organs isolated from rats and on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcO4Na). The animals were treated with EGb and after six days, received 99mTcO4Na. The organs were isolated and fixed for ultrastructural analysis. The results showed that EGb has modified the ultrastructure of kidney, liver and duodenum and altered the biodistribution of 99mTcO4Na (P<0.05). It is speculated that the substances present in the EGb could act directly or generate metabolites capable to promote changes on the biodistribution of 99mTcO4Na and on the morphology of organs at ultrastructural level.
Influence of splenectomy on the biodistribution of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) in rats
Authors: Açucena Maria Kadja Meneses Torres , Pereira Kércia Regina Santos Gomes , Villarim Neto Arthur , Rêgo Amália Cínthia Meneses , Bernardo-Filho Mario , Azevedo Ítalo Medeiros , Araújo Filho Irami , Medeiros Aldo Cunha
Published: March 2009

This study aimed to evaluate if the splenectomy alters the biodistribution of 99mTc-DMSA and renal function in Wistar rats. The animals were separated in the groups: splenectomy (n = 6) and control (n = 6). After splenectomy (15 days), the administration of 0.1ml of 99mTc-DMSA IV (0.48 MBq) was carried out. Thirty minutes later, kidney, heart, lung, thyroid, stomach, bladder and femur and samples of blood were isolated. The organs were weighed, counted and the percentage of radioactivity /g (%ATI/g) determined. Serum urea and creatinine, hematocrit, leukocytes and platelets were measured. Statistics by t test (p<0.05) was done. There was a significant reduction in %ATI/g in kidney and blood (p<0.05) of splenectomized animals, a significant increase (p<0.05) of urea (88.8 ± 18.6 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.56 ± 0.08 mg/dL), compared to the controls (51.5±1.6, 0.37±0.02mg/dL, respectively), as well as increase in platelets and leucocytes, and hematocrit reduction. The analysis of the results indicates that in rats, splenectomy seems to alter the renal function and the uptake of 99mTc-DMSA.
Effects of lymphatic drainage on cellulitis assessed by magnetic resonance
Authors: Meyer Patrícia Froes , Martins Nara Mendes , Martins Flávia Mendes , Monteiro Rosimary Araújo , Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to assess the use of magnetic resonance as a new method for evaluating the manual lymphatic drainage technique in treating cellulitis. Cellulitis is one of the main esthetic problems that lead women toward seeking guidance and specific treatments. There are various therapeutic approaches, owing to the multi-factorial nature of its pathogen, although the effectiveness of most of these has not been definitively proven, given that the assessment methods used are mostly subjective or do not provide enough information on subcutaneous tissue. The introduction of magnetic resonance as a means of assessing a lymphatic drainage technique in cellulitis treatment makes the evaluation more accurate, since it enables a detailed study of subcutaneous architecture.
Estudo da contiguidade das fases do cermet Ni/ZEI
Authors: Cunha F.T.A. , Fonseca C.G. , Andrade B.T.N.C. , Domingues R.Z. , Brant M.C. , Pinto L.C.M. , Lameiras F.S. , Matencio T.
Published: March 2009

A atividade eletroquímica do compósito cerâmico metálico (cermet) Ni/Zr0,85Y0,15O0,93 (Ni/ZEI) utilizado como ânodo em pilhas a combustível de óxido sólido (PaCOS), é controlada pela condutividade intrínseca das fases presentes e pelos caminhos disponíveis para a condução elétrica e para a difusão do gás combustível. Essas propriedades são fortemente influenciadas por parâmetros microestruturais, tais como distribuição espacial das fases, forma e tamanho médio das partículas que constituem o cermet. Neste trabalho, foram determinados alguns parâmetros microestruturais das fases Ni, ZEI e poros presentes em pastilhas do cermet Ni/ZEI, através do tratamento de imagens obtidas via microscopia óptica. Relacionando esses parâmetros com a Teoria Estereológica Quantitativa foi possível calcular a contiguidade das fases. Os pós de NiO/ZEI foram sintetizados via mistura física com diferentes concentrações: 33/67, 56/44, 75/25 and 82/18 % em massa e prensados na forma de pastilhas cilíndricas. Após a sinterização, as pastilhas foram reduzidas a Ni/ZEI em atmosfera de hidrogênio a 900ºC por 2 horas. A superfície transversal de cada amostra foi observada e tratada por microscopia óptica. As imagens obtidas foram analisadas pelo programa de computador Quantikov, a fim de determinar os parâmetros microestruturais: intercepto linear médio e fração volumétrica das fases. Utilizando esses parâmetros, a contiguidade de cada fase presente no cermet foi calculada. Para comprovar a validade da técnica de análise, os valores dos parâmetros microestruturais, determinados com base na composição dos pós, foram comparados com os valores obtidos no tratamento da imagem.
Caracterização micrográfica de barras de ZTA infiltradas com vidro de lantânio e sua correlação com resistência à flexão por três pontos
Authors: Pinto V.B.B. , Silva P.T.G. , Bica M.V.R. , Nóbrega M.C.S. , Ogasawara T.
Published: March 2009

Após a sua fratura em ensaio de flexão por três pontos, barras de In-Ceram®ZTA foram lixadas e polidas e , por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), foram avaliadas as quantidades relativas de fases que elas continham. Foram usadas 10 barras de 25,0 mm x 4 mm para cada uma das seguintes espessuras: 1,0 mm, 2,0 mm e 3,0 mm. Resultados: (a) Barras de In-Ceram®ZTA de 3mm de espessura não conseguem alcançar uma completa infiltração de vidro de alumino-silicato de lantânio até o seu núcleo, nas condições operacionais recomendadas pelo fabricante (b) A MEV com elétrons retro-espalhados é de fato uma técnica adequada para o estudo da infiltração do vidro de lantânio em barras In-Ceram®ZTA.
Recobrimentos poliméricos hidrofóbicos sobre isoladores elétricos de porcelana
Authors: Fontanella C.A. , Oliveira A.P.N.de , Hotza D.
Published: March 2009

Recobrimentos poliméricos de acrílico, poliéster, poliuretano e silicone foram aplicados sobre substratos porcelânicos, usados como isoladores elétricos. Os recobrimentos foram aplicados em forma de resina líquida por meio de uma pistola ou por deposição na forma de pó. Medidas de ângulo de contato entre as superfícies e uma gota de água foram efetuadas por meio de um goniômetro para caracterizar o comportamento hidrofóbico dos recobrimentos. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios que simulavam a ação da intempérie, como névoa salina, envelhecimento acelerado por radiação UV e erosão. As espessuras das camadas, alterações microscópicas nas superfícies e rugosidades foram também determinadas. Os resultados mostraram que o recobrimento com silicone apresentou ângulo de contato ~116º ou 35% superior aos outros recobrimentos poliméricos. Após os ensaios de degradação superficial houve decréscimo nos ângulos de contato mantendo-se, no entanto, o comportamento hidrofóbico para todos os recobrimentos poliméricos.
Influência da velocidade de avanço do rebolo nos danos de aços endurecidos retificados
Authors: Alves M.C.S. , Bianchi E.C. , Aguiar P.R.
Published: March 2009

A tendência mundial é o aumento da produtividade e da produção de peças cada vez mais sofisticadas, com elevado grau de tolerância geométrica, dimensional, com bom acabamento superficial, com baixo custo. A retificação é responsável pelo acabamento final no processo de usinagem de um material. No entanto, danos gerados nesta fase de produção comprometem todos os recursos utilizados nas fases anteriores. Grande parte dos problemas ocorridos na retificação deve-se à enorme temperatura gerada pelo processo devido às condições de usinagem. Atribui-se à velocidade de avanço, que está diretamente relacionada com a produtividade, os danos ocorridos na retificação, ficando esta variável limitada até valores que não proporcione danos. Neste trabalho, através da variação da velocidade de avanço no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa do aço ABNT D6, racionalizando a aplicação de dois fluidos de corte e usando um rebolo superabrasivo de CBN (nitreto de boro cúbico) com ligante vitrificado, avaliou-se a influência da velocidade de avanço nos danos superficiais de aços endurecidos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a velocidade de avanço associada a uma eficiente refrigeração e lubrificação, não provocou danos térmicos (queima, trincas, tensões de tração) ao material. Tensões residuais e a rugosidade do material retificado apresentaram uma correlação com as condições de usinagem. O trabalho concluiu ser capaz um aumento dos índices de produtividade sem provocar danos nos componentes retificados.
Máxima Fase estável de lactato em ratos obesos de ambos os gêneros
Authors: Araujo Gustavo Gomes de , Araújo Michel Barbosa de , DAngelo Ricardo Antonio , Manchado Fúlvia de Barros , Mota Clécia Soares de Alencar , Ribeiro Carla , Mello Maria Alice Rostom de
Published: March 2009

A incidência de obesidade vem crescendo entre a população mundial, levando a inúmeras complicaçõe,s como risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Por outro lado, o exercício físico tem sido empregado isoladamente ou em associação a dieta, no tratamento dessa doença. Assim, pesquisas envolvendo exercício são imprescindíveis para evolução no tratamento e controle da obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a intensidade de exercício equivalente à transição metabólica aeróbio-anaeróbia em ratos Wistar obesos de ambos os gêneros, por tratamento com glutamato monossódico (MSG), utilizando o protocolo de máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL). Para isso, foram testados 40 ratos adultos subdivididos em quatro grupos com 10 animais cada um: controle machos, controle fêmeas, obeso machos e obeso fêmeas. Depois de adequada adaptação (três semanas) ao exercício em meio líquido (31 ± 1ºC) os animais foram submetidos a teste de natação (25 min) suportando sobrecargas contínua e aleatória correspondentes a 4,5 - 5,0 - 5,5 - 6,0 e 6,5% do peso corporal (PC), com intervalo de 72 horas entre elas. Os animais dos grupos obesos tiveram aumentos no peso do tecido adiposo subcutâneo, mesentérico e retroperitonial em relação aos grupos controle. O índice de Lee foi maior nos animais obesos em comparação com os controles. Foi possível identificar a MFEL a 6,0% do PC nos dois grupos obesos. Para o grupo controle fêmea, a MFEL esteve por volta de 5,0% do PC enquanto que nos controle macho a 4,5% do PC. Desse modo pode-se concluir que a obesidade induzida por MSG interfere na cinética de lactato durante o exercício em ambos os sexos, alterando a intensidade de esforço referente à transição metabólica.
Transtorno do comportamento alimentar em atletas de elite de nado sincronizado
Authors: Perini Talita Adão , Vieira Renata Silva , Vigário Patrícia dos Santos , Oliveira Glauber Lameira de , Ornellas Juliana dos Santos , Oliveira Fátima Palha de
Published: March 2009

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a presença de transtorno do comportamento alimentar (TCA) ou síndromes precursoras e o grau de distorção da imagem corporal em atletas de elite de nado sincronizado. Essa modalidade é considerada de risco para desenvolvimento de TCA por valorizar, além de outros aspectos, a leveza e beleza de movimentos que, de certa forma, estão associados a baixa massa corporal. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 27 atletas de nado sincronizado, sendo 19 da categoria juniores (15,6 ± 0,8 anos) e oito da categoria de seniores (19,0 ± 1,3 anos) que compunham a seleção brasileira na época do estudo (2000). Um grupo de 32 adolescentes não-atletas (15,0 ± 1,6 anos) foi usado para comparação com as atletas. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: aplicação de três instrumentos de auto-relato, validados. 1) EAT-26 - presença de comportamentos alimentares inadequados; 2) BITE - presença de atitudes sugestivas de bulimia nervosa; e 3) BSQ - insatisfação da auto-imagem corporal. RESULTADOS: Embora tanto o grupo de atletas, quanto o de não-atletas tenham apresentado parâmetros antropométricos compatíveis com padrões saudáveis para a idade e sexo, os resultados evidenciam a presença de insatisfação com a auto-imagem corporal e a adoção de práticas patológicas de controle da massa corporal, sobretudo entre atletas da categoria juniores e entre as adolescentes não-atletas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo retratam uma tendência mundial de preocupação com a aparência entre adolescentes capaz de levá-las à adoção de condutas não-saudáveis.
Prevenção de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em futebolistas
Authors: Brito João , Soares José , Rebelo António Natal
Published: March 2009

A lesão do joelho é a mais comum entre as lesões graves apresentadas por futebolistas, destacando-se o ligamento cruzado anterior como um dos ligamentos do joelho mais frequentemente lesados. Assim, a prevenção de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em futebolistas deve ser encarada como uma preocupação constante para todos os agentes ligados à modalidade, independentemente do nível competitivo, idade e sexo dos praticantes. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste trabalho é a análise da importância do trabalho de prevenção de lesões do LCA em futebolistas que possa ser incorporado no treino de futebol. METODOLOGIA: A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi uma revisão da literatura. CONCLUSÕES: Propõe-se um programa de prevenção de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em futebolistas, com três sessões de treino semanais, englobando treino neuromuscular e treino proprioceptivo.
O insight em psiquiatria
Authors: Cardoso Ana Margarida P.
Published: March 2009

O sinal de que algo está a acontecer contribui para que o paciente reconheça que alguma coisa de estranho se está a passar consigo. Este reconhecimento faz com que o sujeito possa desempenhar uma função activa e seja um elemento colaborante do seu processo de recuperação. Cada doença apresenta, contudo, diferentes sintomas, uma vez que cada doença psiquiátrica consiste em diferentes perturbações com diversos efeitos sobre o funcionamento mental. Desta maneira, o fenómeno do insight que é registado em cada doença é diferente e expressa-se sob diferentes formas, não somente devido às manifestações clínicas da doença mas também devido às características individuais do sujeito.
Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI): análise dos parâmetros psicométricos
Authors: Cruvinel Miriam , Boruchovitch Evely , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos
Published: March 2009

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os parâmetros psicométricos da versão brasileira reduzida do Inventário de Depressão Infantil - CDI e de sua versão original. Do Estudo 1, participaram 169 escolares da 3ª, 4ª e 5ª série, do ensino fundamental de escola pública. A análise fatorial apontou a presença de cinco fatores que explicavam 49,6% da variância total e obteve-se um Alfa de Cronbach de α=0,73. Do Estudo 2, participaram 157 alunos de 3ª e 4ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública. A análise fatorial exploratória revelou também cinco fatores que explicavam 43,9% da variância total com um Alfa de Cronbach de α=0,80. Todavia, em ambos os estudos, os itens dos fatores ainda não se mostraram ajustados no que se refere à separação dos aspectos cognitivos, afetivos, motivacionais e comportamentais envolvidos no construto depressão infantil, o que deve constituir-se em um desafio para os estudiosos do tema.
Dos modos de existência das tecnologias: um trabalho sem fim
Authors: Fonseca Tania Mara Galli , Neves José Mário , Amador Fernanda Spanier , Kirst Patrícia Gomes
Published: March 2009

Este texto problematiza os impasses contemporâneos da produção capitalista e indica uma nova imagem para o trabalho, a partir das reflexões sobre o processo de gestão e sobre as formas de acoplamento de conjuntos de tecnicidade, com sua conseqüente maquínica de subjetivação. Com Simondon, propomos restituir às chamadas tecnologias duras um lugar no pensamento, recriando possibilidades de novas formas de relação homem-máquina. Com Negri e Hardt, discutimos o processo de gestão baseados no conceito de multidão, que aponta para o poder transformador de uma rede alicerçada em novas tecnologias de relacionamento, como um espaço de trabalho móvel, flexível e não-hierárquico.
Pesticide risk management using indicators for vineyards in the central valley of chile
Authors: Nario Adriana , Capri Ettore , Balderacchi Matteo , Pino Inés , Parada Ana María , Videla Ximena , Luzio Walter , Casanova Manuel , Seguel Oscar
Published: March 2009

The Apalta catchment is a wine-producing area of 1300 ha, lying south of Santiago, located in the Colchagua Valley, near Santa Cruz in the VI Region of Chile. The vineyards are planted on slopes of up to 22°, the rows being aligned mainly down the slope. This cropping system and its management lead to a potential contamination of natural resources. To assess the risk of environmental contamination due to the application of pesticides in different pest control strategies, indicators at a field level were derived according to a step-by-step procedure. Using these indicators, runoff was found to be the main process of impact. The different pest control strategies in this catchment caused different potential risks, though these in general were low.
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Activity in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue but Not Nuclear Factor-κB Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is an Independent Determinant of Insulin Resistance in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Sourris Karly C. , Lyons Jasmine G. , de Courten Maximilian P.J. , Dougherty Sonia L. , Henstridge Darren C. , Cooper Mark E. , Hage Michelle , Dart Anthony , Kingwell Bronwyn A. , Forbes Josephine M. , de Courten Barbora
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE

Chronic low-grade activation of the immune system (CLAIS) predicts type 2 diabetes via a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated potential relationships between nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways—two pathways proposed as the link between CLAIS and insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and insulin sensitivity (M, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) were measured in 22 healthy nondiabetic volunteers (aged 29 ± 11 years, body fat 28 ± 11%). NF-κB activity (DNA-binding assay) and JNK1/2 activity (phosphorylated JNK) were assessed in biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) lysates.

RESULTS

NF-κB activities in PBMCs and muscle were positively associated with WHR after adjustment for age, sex, and percent body fat (both P < 0.05). NF-κB activity in PBMCs was inversely associated with M after adjustment for age, sex, percent body fat, and WHR (P = 0.02) and explained 16% of the variance of M. There were no significant relationships between NF-κB activity and M in muscle or adipose tissue (both NS). Adipose-derived JNK1/2 activity was not associated with obesity (all P> 0.1), although it was inversely related to M (r = −0.54, P < 0.05) and explained 29% of its variance. When both NF-κB and JNK1/2 were examined statistically, only JNK1/2 activity in adipose tissue was a significant determinant of insulin resistance (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

JNK1/2 activity in adipose tissue but not NF-κB activity in PBMCs is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in healthy individuals.
Salafi Formations in Palestine and the Limits of a De-Palestinised Milieu
Authors: Hroub Khaled
Published: March 2009

A Palestinian version of the contemporary Salafi interpretation of Islam, intimately linked to Saudi Wahhabism, appeared in the Gaza Strip in the early 1970s. Deliberately distancing themselves from Palestinian politics, and from the struggle with Israel, the Palestinian Salafis in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip or inside Israel, remained a marginal power. Yet by the late 1990s and since the early 2000s they have become more visible and part of their formation has started to show signs of militancy. Currently, they are divided between a mainstream apolitical branch and more militant ‘Jihadi Salafi’ bents echoing the global rise of Al-Qaeda. This article attempts to chart the Palestinian Salafi terrain and their changing fortunes in the light of their perception of ‘Palestine and the Palestinian identity’.
Are There any Shi'ite Muslims in Israel?
Authors: Sindawi Khalid
Published: March 2009

This article deals with the question of whether there are Shi'ite Muslims living in Israel today. In the State of Israel, there are 1,157,000 Muslims who reside mainly in the Galilee, in the Triangle and in the Negev. The Muslim population is mostly Sunni, and the question is whether there are also Shi'ite Muslims living among them. There is a very small number of residents in the State of Israel who are Shi'ite Muslims belonging to the Imami Shi'ite trend. Before the establishment of the State of Israel there were seven Shi'ite villages in the eastern and western parts of the upper Galilee region. There are also remnants of Shi'ite families living in the country, especially in Nazareth and also in Haifa, as well as scores of Shi'ites from Southern Lebanon who had served in the ‘South Lebanese Army’ (SLA). When the Israeli army retreated from Lebanon in the year 2000, some of them came to reside in the Galilee and they follow a religious-Shi'ite way of life. Moreover, in recent years, there have appeared signs of a budding Shi'ite missionary movement on a very small scale. This article will discuss the issue of the Shi'ite presence in Israel from various perspectives.
Jewish Fundamentalism and the ‘Sacred Geography’ of Jerusalem in Comparative Perspective (1967–2004): Implications for Inter-Faith Relations
Authors: Masalha Nur
Published: March 2009

Since the occupation of East Jerusalem and the West Bank by Israel in 1967 radical Judaism has developed into a major force, with a considerable influence on the attitudes and votes of many Israelis. The new messianic fervour centres on the building of the Temple on the site of the Muslim shrines in Jerusalem. This article explores the rise of a variety of Jewish fundamentalism in Israel and its implications for community, nationalist and interfaith relations in the Holy Land. It examines, in particular, the social and political conditions under which these fundamentalist attitudes have evolved. It explores evolving attitudes towards the ‘sacred geography’ of Jerusalem and rights of occupancy, within the wider context of multifaith relations and comparative (Jewish, Muslim and Christian) perspectives.
Prophetic Preaching, Liberation Theology and the Holy Land
Authors: Macpherson Duncan
Published: March 2009

For Christian preachers the Holy Land is essential to understanding the Bible. Preachers often leave modern Israel-Palestine out of their preaching picture. Others, fundamentalist preachers, support modern Israel for its part in an apocalyptic drama of the last times. A third group sees the land as the recompense to the Jewish people for their sufferings – reinforced for some by a residually literalist interpretation of Scripture. Still others show solidarity with indigenous Palestinian Christians, developing a theology of liberation emphasising God's preferential option for the poor – the Palestinians and all oppressed people. Homiletic strategies will be sketched to illustrate this last approach.
Palestinian Christians: Religion, Conflict and the Struggle for Just Peace
Authors: Sarsar Saliba
Published: March 2009

Palestinian Christian religious and lay leaders are caught between their visions of peace and the reality imposed on them by tough military, political, and socioeconomic conditions. Historically, they have carried the heaviest burden of their individual communities by maintaining active life and care through established church structures, educational institutions, health clinics, philanthropic associations, and welfare agencies. Palestinian Christians must move from anguish and despair towards empowerment and hope. A Palestinian Christian Social Movement – nonviolent, practical, proactive, inclusive, and future-oriented – will guide them on their sojourn. It will bring them closer together and will advance their best aspirations: peace with justice and a better life.
The Politics of ‘collaboration’: Israel's Control of A National Minority and Indigenous Resistance
Authors: Sa'di Ahmad H.
Published: March 2009

Although considerable research has been published on the Palestinian citizens of Israel, very little has been done to explore the methods of their incorporation into the Israeli state after 1948. This article analyses the changes in the modes of the Israeli governance of the Palestinians and the ways in which various methods of control have produced various types of Arab ‘collaborators’ and ‘informants’ in an ethnic Jewish state. Moreover, the article discuses methods of resistance employed by indigenous Palestinians to the different modes of state control, and the ways used by ex-collaborators to reclaim an ‘honourable’ status in their local communities after the end of their ‘careers’.
Liberating Jewish History from its Zionist Stranglehold: Rediscovering Abram Leon
Authors: Rose John
Published: March 2009

Abram Leon (1918–1944), the Jewish revolutionary socialist who perished in Auschwitz, is best known for his manuscript, The Jewish Question, written during the Second World War and published posthumously. Leon analysed the Jewish trading role in medieval Europe. He developed Karl Marx's argument that it is economics rather than religion that has sustained Jewish history between antiquity and modernity. The essay demonstrates how recent Jewish scholarship has confi rmed Leon's approach – even though Leon himself is often ignored. The essay uses the historical evidence to throw new light on that lachrymose Zionist perspective on Jewish history in Europe that sees – in the words of Theodor Herzl (1860–1904) – only ‘Eighteen Centuries of Jewish Suffering’.
Publisher's Note added on 29 June 2006
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: March 2009

There is a pagination error in this paper. The page number for the first page (Sergei V. Trepalin et al. Molecules 2006, 11, 219) is assigned correctly. However, the following pages were not correctly paginated and the final page number should be 231 instead of 241. The original file is still provided. Pages 232-241 are thus taken as blank pages. We apologize for this error and for any inconvenience
A Sensor-Based Learning Algorithm for the Self-Organization of Robot Behavior
Authors: Hesse Frank , Martius Georg , Der Ralf , Herrmann J. Michael
Published: March 2009

Ideally, sensory information forms the only source of information to a robot. We consider an algorithm for the self-organization of a controller. At short time scales the controller is merely reactive but the parameter dynamics and the acquisition of knowledge by an internal model lead to seemingly purposeful behavior on longer time scales. As a paradigmatic example, we study the simulation of an underactuated snake-like robot. By interacting with the real physical system formed by the robotic hardware and the environment, the controller achieves a sensitive and body-specific actuation of the robot.
Relaxometric Investigation of Functional Group Placement on MnTPP Derivatives Supports the Role of the Molecular Electrostatic Potential Maps as a Tool to Design New Metalloporphyrins with Larger Relaxivities
Authors: Bryant L. Henry , Mercier Gustavo A.
Published: March 2009

We report the T1 and T2 NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) dispersion profiles for a new manganese porphyrin [MnT(2-C)PP] which has an anionic carboxylate group in the ortho position of the phenyl rings on the metalloporphyrin. Previous MEP (molecular electrostatic potential) maps indicated that this judicious derivatization could result in increases in the observed relaxation efficiency. Relaxometric investigations experimentally confirm about a 20 % increase in the relaxation efficiency at clinically relevant field strengths for MnT(2-C)PP compared to the most efficient metalloporphyrin previously reported MnT(4-S)PP. This result supports the hypothesis that electrostatic forces are relevant to the relaxivity of this family of compounds and that the MEP may be used as a tool to design new agents with even larger relaxivities.
Publisher's Note added on 9 October 2006
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: March 2009

Publisher's Note added on 9 October 2006 : Pages 74-77 are taken as blank pages.
A Novel Energy-Efficient MAC Aware Data Aggregation Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks #
Authors: Lin Frank Yeong-Sung , Yen Hong-Hsu , Lin Shu-Ping
Published: March 2009

Embedding data-aggregation capabilities into sensor nodes of wireless networks could save energy by reducing redundant data flow transmissions. Existing research describes the construction of data aggregation trees to maximize data aggregation times in order to reduce data transmission of redundant data. However, aggregation of more nodes on the same node will incur significant collisions. These MAC (Media Access Control) layer collisions introduce additional data retransmissions that could jeopardize the advantages of data aggregation. This paper is the first to consider the energy consumption tradeoffs between data aggregation and retransmissions in a wireless sensor network. By using the existing CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) MAC protocol, the retransmission energy consumption function is well formulated. This paper proposes a novel non-linear mathematical formulation, whose function is to minimize the total energy consumption of data transmission subject to data aggregation trees and data retransmissions. This solution approach is based on Lagrangean relaxation, in conjunction with optimization-based heuristics. From the computational experiments, it is shown that the proposed algorithms could construct MAC aware data aggregation trees that are up to 59% more energy efficient than existing data aggregation algorithms.
Synthesis, Binding and Fluorescence Studies of Bis-2-amidopyrrole Receptors for Bis-carboxylate Anions
Authors: Jiménez Belén , Calle Emilio , Caballero Cruz
Published: March 2009

The ditopic neutral receptors 1 and 2 were synthesized for the recognition and sensing of bis-carboxylates. They are based on pyrrole and amide groups as hydrogen-bond donors to bind the oxoanions of the guests. Among the obtained results, the selectivity for glutarate over succinate is particularly interesting.Compound 1 behaves as a PET fluorescence sensor for glutarate.
Changes in Sleep Patterns, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in China
Authors: Diao Tingyue , Liu Kang , Lyu Junrui , Zhou Lue , Yuan Yu , Yang Handong , Wu Tangchun , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: April 2024

Importance

The associations of changes in sleep patterns with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not fully elucidated, and whether these associations are modified by genetic susceptibility remains unknown.

Objectives

To investigate the associations of 5-year changes in sleep patterns with incident CVD and whether genetic susceptibility modifies these associations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study of the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort was conducted from 2008 to 2018 in China. Eligible participants included those with complete sleep information at baseline survey (2008-2010) and the first follow-up survey (2013); participants who had no CVD or cancer in 2013 were prospectively assessed until 2018. Statistical analysis was performed in November 2023.

Exposures

Five-year changes in sleep patterns (determined by bedtime, sleep duration, sleep quality, and midday napping) between 2008 and 2013, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incident CVD, CHD, and stroke were identified from 2013 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Among 15 306 individuals (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [7.4] years; 8858 [57.9%] female and 6448 male [42.1%]), 5474 (35.78%) had persistent unfavorable sleep patterns and 3946 (25.8%) had persistent favorable sleep patterns. A total of 3669 incident CVD cases were documented, including 2986 CHD cases and 683 stroke cases, over a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.9 (1.5) years. Compared with those with persistent unfavorable sleep patterns, individuals with persistent favorable sleep patterns over 5 years had lower risks of incident CVD (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87), CHD (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.92), and stroke (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.82) in the subsequent 5-year period. No significant effect modification by PRS was observed for sleep pattern change and CHD or stroke risk. However, sleep pattern changes and PRS were jointly associated with the CHD and stroke risk in a dose-dependent manner, with the lowest risk being among those with persistent favorable sleep patterns combined with low PRS (HR for CHD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.82 and HR for stroke, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29-0.79).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, individuals with persistent favorable sleep patterns had a lower CVD risk, even among those with higher genetic risk. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining favorable sleep patterns for CVD prevention.
Generation of Anterior Segment of the Eye Cells from hiPSCs in Microfluidic Platforms
Authors: Koçak Gamze , Uyulgan Sude , Polatlı Elifsu , Sarı Vedat , Kahveci Burak , Bursali Ahmet , Binokay Leman , Reçber Tuba , Nemutlu Emirhan , Mardinoğlu Adil , Karakülah Gökhan , Utine Canan Aslı , Güven Sinan
Published: April 2024

Ophthalmic diseases affect many people, causing partial or total loss of vision and a reduced quality of life. The anterior segment of the eye accounts for nearly half of all visual impairment that can lead to blindness. Therefore, there is a growing demand for ocular research and regenerative medicine that specifically targets the anterior segment to improve vision quality. This study aims to generate a microfluidic platform for investigating the formation of the anterior segment of the eye derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) under various spatial‐mechanoresponsive conditions. Microfluidic platforms are developed to examine the effects of dynamic conditions on the generation of hiPSCs‐derived ocular organoids. The differentiation protocol is validated, and mechanoresponsive genes are identified through transcriptomic analysis. Several culture strategies is implemented for the anterior segment of eye cells in a microfluidic chip. hiPSC‐derived cells showed anterior eye cell characteristics in mRNA and protein expression levels under dynamic culture conditions. The expression levels of yes‐associated protein and transcriptional coactivator PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) and PIEZO1, varied depending on the differentiation and growth conditions of the cells, as well as the metabolomic profiles under dynamic culture conditions.
Design of intelligent behavior analysis software based on speaker identity classification algorithm in microgrid mode
Authors: Guo Weijie
Published: April 2024

Digital technology still has a low level of intelligence in the microgrid mode of teaching behavior analysis, resulting in the traditional manual observation and recording stage still being used for speaker identity classification, and the efficiency of teaching behavior analysis is also low. In response to the above issues, the research is based on the teacher‐student analysis method and proposes a dual clustering algorithm based on the general background model Gaussian mixture model for speaker identity classification, thereby realizing the development and design of intelligent behavior analysis software. The research results indicate that the average recall rate of behavior transition points in the classroom teaching discourse corpus of the intelligent behavior analysis software is 89.03%, which is better than traditional analysis methods. Therefore, the intelligent behavior analysis software constructed by the dual clustering algorithm has high effectiveness and practicality. The research proposes a method model and implements intelligent visualization for classroom teaching behavior analysis, improving the efficiency of analyzing current microgrid teaching behavior.