bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old and new information in terms of text organization: Wilde’s A Woman of No Importance
Authors: Şekerci Ömer
Published: October 2017

This study aims to analyse “given” (or old) versus “new” information and topicality in Oscar Wilde’s A Woman of No Importance (1893). It examines appropriate patterns from the mentioned functional styles in A Woman of No Importance. It is a four-act- play. It is a society comedy. We have chosen the first act for analysis. The dialogues chosen from the first act are informal. Though numerous authors have written on the subject of “given” (or old) versus “new” information and topicality, it is hardly applied to drama texts. In order to analyse the deep structure of dramatic texts it is important to apply the principles of linguistics to drama. This study tends to analyse the selected play by Wilde from the perspective of “old” and “new” information and topicality. It deals with “givenness, predictability and relatedness”. It covers how “old” and “new” information is defined by leading linguists and figures and its application to specified dialogues. The case with the interpretation of “givenness” is sought for in it.ÖzetÇalışma, Oscar Wilde’ın Önemsiz Bir Kadın (1893) adlı oyunundaki “eski”, “yeni” bilgiyi konusallık bakımından, metindeki uygun dizinleri inceleyerek ele almaktadır. Birçok yazar “eski, yeni bilgi ve konusallık” üzerine birçok yazılar yazmalarına ve bu konuya eğilmelerine rağmen, “eski”, “yeni” bilgi, drama metinlerine nadiren uygulanmaktadır. Oscar Wilde’ın dört perdelik sosyal komedi olarak kabul edilen oyununun birinci perdesinin birinci sahnesinde geçen oldukça gayrı resmi diyaloglar “eski” “yeni” bilgi bakımında incelenmiştir. Drama metinlerindeki derin yapıyı analiz etmek için dilbilimin bazı unsurlarını drama metnine uygulamak son derece önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma “eski ve yeni” bilginin önde gelen dilbilimciler tarafından nasıl tanımlandığını verdikten sonra, oyunda geçen diyalogları eski bilgi (verilen bilgi), öngörülebilirlik, ilişki ve işlevsellik bakımında incelemektedir. Özellikle, diyaloglarda geçen verilen bilginin yorumlanması araştırılmıştır. // // // // // Old and New Information in Terms of Text Organization: Wilde’s A Woman of No Importance
Aggression levels of hearing impaired athletes: A comparison on individual and team sports
İşitme engelli sporcuların saldırganlık düzeyleri: Bireysel ve takım sporu üzerine bir karşılaştırma
Authors: Işık Meltem , Kılıç İbrahim , Aksoy Kübra
Published: October 2017

In hearing-impaired children, the opportunities for sportive activities from early chıldhood period are important for the development of physical and social skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of aggressiveness in hearing impaired athletes who perform individual and team sports. The sample of the research was consisted 109 hearing-impaired athletes participating in Hearing Impaired Basketball (n= 64) and Taekwondo (n=45) players Turkey Championship in 2016. A five-point Likert type Buss-Perry aggression scale was used as the data collection technique in the study. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, descriptive statistics as well as independent t test and pearson correlation analysis were used. According to the results of this research; It was found that the level of aggression of hearing-impaired basketball players is higher than taekwondo players. It was also found that there was a negative correlation between age and aggression levels. As a result; It has been found that the levels of hostility subscales and general aggression levels of hearing impaired team sports athletes are higher than individual sports athletes.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. Özetİşitme engelli çocuklarda, erken dönemden itibaren süren sportif etkinlik olanakları fiziksel ve sosyal becerilerin gelişmesi açısından önemli görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, bireysel ve takım sporu yapan işitme engelli sporcuların, saldırganlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2016 yılında İşitme Engelliler Basketbol (n= 64) ve Taekwondo (n= 45) Türkiye Şampiyonasına katılan toplam 109 işitme engelli sporcu oluşturmaktadır.  Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak, 5’li likert tipi Buss-Perry saldırganlık ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra, independent t testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; işitme engelli basketbol oynayanların saldırganlık düzeyinin taekwondo sporu yapanlardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yaş ile saldırganlık düzeyi arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; işitme engelli basketbolcuların düşmanlık alt ölçek ortalamaları ile genel saldırganlık düzeylerinin taekwondoculara nazaran daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Examining the auditory approach: Lexical effects in the perceptual judgment of Chinese L2 tone production
Authors: Jiang Yan
Published: October 2017

Auditory perception is generally used by raters who are asked to evaluate the accuracy of tone production by non-native speakers (hereafter NNSs) who are learning Mandarin Chinese. However, its validity needs to be examined as the native speaking (hereafter NS) listeners’ lexical knowledge (i.e., knowing the possible combination of syllables and tones) may affect their judgments in different listening contexts. This lexical effect has been reported at the segmental level in non-tonal languages (McClelland et al. 2006; Norris et al. 2000). The present study extends to the suprasegmental dimension and compares NS listeners’ judgment on NNSs’ tonal performance of high frequency disyllabic word covering Mandarin disyllabic tonal combination in three lexical contexts, namely (1) hearing pairs of humming tones (syllables removed viaPraat); (2) hearing disyllabic words (syllables + tones); (3) hearing disyllabic words + seeing targetpinyinorthography. Statistical analyses revealed a significant effect of lexical contexts on the perceived tone accuracy, which increased when auditory and visual lexical cues were available, as in Conditions 2 and 3. Acoustic analyses further revealed the nature of the two lexical effects. Hearing words had a positive effect on the precision of the NSs’ tonal perception compared to hearing tones only. However, the visual presence ofpinyinmisled NSs to compensate for learners’ tone production deficiencies. The findings have implications for future research involving the rating of tones using auditory approach and also shed light on the teaching of Mandarin tones to NNSs.
The acquisition of Mandarin dative constructions by L2 and heritage learners
Authors: Yang Chunsheng , Luo Han
Published: October 2017

This study examines the acquisition of Mandarin dative constructions by second language (L2) and heritage learners of Mandarin Chinese. Three groups of speakers (L2, heritage, and native, 20 in each group) participated in this study by completing a questionnaire consisting of sentence translation and grammaticality judgment tasks on Mandarin dative constructions. In both tasks, native speakers outperformed the heritage learners, who in turn outperformed the L2 learners. The variance of performance in the two tasks across groups can be attributed to several factors, including linguistic universal, first language (L1) transfer, and individual difference. This study shows that L2 acquisition is a complex system and no single factor can fully explain or predict L2 learning outcomes. The findings of this study also have important pedagogical implications for L2 Chinese teaching.
Asymptotics of conditional probabilities of succesful allocation of random number of particles into cells
Authors: Afonina Aleksandra I. , Kayumov Il’giz R. , Chuprunov Aleksey N.
Published: October 2017

The article is devoted to the memory of Valentin Fedorovich Kolchin.

Let ζ, ζi
(i ∈ N) be independent identically distributed nonnegative integer-valued random variables, (η

i1,…, ηiN
) be the fillings of cells in the generalized scheme of allocation of ζi
particles into N cells, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, for fixed Zn
= (ζ
1, …, ζn
) these allocation schemes are independent. We consider the conditional probabilities P(A

n,N
| Zn
) of the event A

n,N
= {each cell in each of n allocation schemes contains no more than r particles}, where r is some fixed number. The sufficient conditions for the convergence of the sequence P(A

n,N
| Zn
) to a nonrandom limit with probability 1 are given. It is shown that the random variable ln P(A

n,N
| Zn
) is asymptotically normal. Applications of the obtained results to the noise-proof encoding are discussed.
The minimum number of negations in circuits for systems of multi-valued functions
Authors: Kochergin Vadim V. , Mikhailovich Anna V.
Published: October 2017

The paper is concerned with the complexity of realization of k-valued logic functions by logic circuits over an infinite complete bases containing all monotone functions; the weight of monotone functions (the cost of use) is assumed to be 0. The complexity problem of realizations of Boolean functions over a basis having negation as the only nonmonotone element was completely solved by A. A. Markov. In 1957 he showed that the minimum number of NOT gates sufficient for realization of any Boolean function f (the inversion complexity of the function f) is ⌈log2(d(f)+1)⌉. Here d(f) is the maximum number of the changes of the function f from larger to smaller values over all increasing chains of tuples of variables values. In the present paper Markov’s result is extended to the case of realization of k-valued logic functions. We show that the minimum number of Post negations (that is, functions of the form x+1(mod k)) that is sufficient to realize an arbitrary function of k-valued logic is ⌈log2(d(f)+1)⌉ and the minimum number of Łukasiewicz negation (that is, functions of the form k−1−x) that is sufficient to realize an arbitrary k-valued logic function is ⌈log
k
(d(f)+1)⌉. In addition, another classical Markov’s result on the inversion complexity of systems of Boolean functions is extended to the setting of systems of functions of k-valued logic.
Lower estimate for the cardinality of the domain of universal functions for the class of linear Boolean functions
Authors: Voronenko Andrei A. , Vyalyi Mikhail N.
Published: October 2017

The paper puts forward a nontrivial lower estimate

2

1
6

n

$2\!\frac16n $

for the cardinality of the domain of a universal function for the class of linear Boolean functions, where n is the number of variables.
Comparison of PM10 washout on urban and rural areas
Authors: Olszowski Tomasz
Published: October 2017

This paper reports the results of research into the effectiveness of scavenging of PM10, resulting from the occurrence of solid and liquid hydrometeors. The measurement campaign was undertaken over 7 years and involved the registration of PM10 in areas which have different aerosanitary conditions (i.e. urban and undeveloped rural area). The analysis involved 426 observations taken at constant time intervals of 0.5 hour. The measurements of the concentration of PM10 were performed by means of a reference method accompanied by concurrent registration of basic meteorological parameters. It was indicated that in a urban location, the intensity of the local emission sources is a principal factor influencing the value of mass concentration changes and the effectiveness of the dust scavenging that accompanies a given type of precipitation. It was also noted that for the same intensity of precipitation, only the deposition of convective rainfall and long-term large-scale precipitation do not lead to statistically relevant differences in the value of mass concentrations of dust for both areas. It was indicated that during solid and liquid frontal precipitation of light intensity (< 0.5 mm·h−1), the effectiveness of PM10 removing is less in rural area. It was statistically proven that continuous precipitation of constant intensity and duration exceeding 2 hours has a similar effect of purifying the ambient air in both locations. The study revealed that short-term solid precipitation provides better characteristics of scavenging of PM10 compared with classic rainfall
The Influence of Supplementation of Feed with Lactobacillus reuteri L2/6 Biocenol on Intestinal Microbiota of Conventional Mice
Authors: Nemcová R. , Maďar M. , Gancarčíková S. , Pistl J.
Published: October 2017

FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis of the intestinal tract of conventional mice, following 14-day supplementation of feed with host non-specific (porcine) strain L. reuteri L2/6, showed in the presence of complex microbiota, a significant increase in the counts of representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and a significant decrease in the representatives of the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae. At the same time, the supplemented strain stimulated the population of caecal lactobacilli of the species L. reuteri. These results demonstrated that the L. reuteri L2/6 colonised the jejunum, ileum and caecum and modulated the investigated intestinal microbiota.
An Optimization Study on an Eco-Friendly Engine Cycle Named as Dual-Miller Cycle (DMC) for Marine Vehicles
Authors: Gonca Guven
Published: October 2017

The diesel engine is an indispensable part of technology and it is commonly used in land and marine vehicles. However, diesel engines release NOxemissions due to high combustion temperatures. They have harmful effects on the environment such as sources of photo-chemical fog and climate changes. Therefore, they must be reduced and limited. The Miller cycle application is a NOx control method and it is popular in the recent years to abate NOx produced from the internal combustion engines (ICEs). A performance investigation of a Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) engine in terms of power (PO), power density (PD) and effective efficiency (EE) has been performed using a new finite-time thermodynamics modeling (FTTM) in this study. The effects of engine design and operating parameters on the engine performance (EPER) have been examined. Additionally, the energy losses have been determined resulting from incomplete combustion (IC), friction (FR), heat transfer (HT) and exhaust output (EO). The results presented could be an essential tool for DMC marine engine designers.
Photogrammetric Modelling for Urban Medieval Site Mapping. A Case Study from Curtea de Argeş, Romania
Authors: Nistor Constantin , Mihai Bogdan , Toma Liviu , Carlan Irina
Published: October 2017

Detailed mapping of urban historical sites superposed on natural landforms within built-up areas is a real challenge. Digital photogrammetric techniques meet the requirements for mapping archaeological sites within dense built-up areas. The objectives are to reveal the landform value in medieval site development and to analyse its impact on the landforms. The aim of the present study is to highlight the contribution of geomatics technologies for the evaluation and preservation of historical sites using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) imagery and field photos for 3D modelling. Curtea de Argeş medieval site, established on Argeş River terraces and attested since the 13th century, represents the town core for which the specific methodology was applied.
Effects of Text-messaging on the Academic Writing of Arab EFL Students
Authors: Al-Salman Saleh M. , Saeed Aziz T.
Published: October 2017

This paper investigates the effect of text-messaging on Arab EFL learners’ English academic writing. It also investigates teachers’ attitudes and reactions to the presence of e-texting features in their students’ writing. Qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were employed on data obtained from the following sources: (1) a sample of freshman students’ writing, (2) a survey investigating students’ use of e-chatting in Arabic and English, and (3) a questionnaire eliciting teachers’ reactions to students’ use of texting features in academic writing. The data were collected from a student sample of the Arab Open University (AOU). The research findings show that Arab EFL students’ writing does not reveal a heavy use of texting features, which suggests that this phenomenon neither poses a serious threat nor adversely impacts students’ written English.
Credibility of native and non-native speakers of English revisited: Do non-native listeners feel the same?
Authors: Hanzlíková Dagmar , Skarnitzl Radek
Published: October 2017

This study reports on research stimulated by Lev-Ari and Keysar (2010) who showed that native listeners find statements delivered by foreign-accented speakers to be less true than those read by native speakers. Our objective was to replicate the study with non-native listeners to see whether this effect is also relevant in international communication contexts. The same set of statements from the original study was recorded by 6 native and 6 non-native speakers of English. 121 non-native listeners rated the truthfulness of the statements on a 7-point scale. The results of our study tentatively do confirm a negative bias against non-native speakers as perceived by non-native listeners, showing that subconscious attitudes to language varieties are also relevant in communication among non-native speakers.
Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Paraventricular Thalamus Attenuate Cocaine Locomotor Sensitization
Authors: Clark Abigail M. , Leroy Felix , Martyniuk Kelly M. , Feng Wendy , McManus Erika , Bailey Matthew R. , Javitch Jonathan A. , Balsam Peter D. , Kellendonk Christoph
Published: October 2017

Alterations in thalamic dopamine (DA) or DA D2 receptors (D2Rs) have been measured in drug addiction and schizophrenia, but the relevance of thalamic D2Rs for behavior is largely unknown. Usingin situhybridization and mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under theDrd2promoter, we found that D2R expression within the thalamus is enriched in the paraventricular nucleus (PVT) as well as in more ventral midline thalamic nuclei. Within the PVT, D2Rs are inhibitory as their activation inhibits neuronal action potentials in brain slices. Using Cre-dependent anterograde and retrograde viral tracers, we further determined that PVT neurons are reciprocally interconnected with multiple areas of the limbic system including the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Based on these anatomical findings, we analyzed the role of D2Rs in the PVT in behaviors that are supported by these areas and that also have relevance for schizophrenia and drug addiction. Male and female mice with selective overexpression of D2Rs in the PVT showed attenuated cocaine locomotor sensitization, whereas anxiety levels, fear conditioning, sensorimotor gating, and food-motivated behaviors were not affected. These findings suggest the importance of PVT inhibition by D2Rs in modulating the sensitivity to cocaine, a finding that may have novel implications for human drug use.
Strength of Temporal White Matter Pathways Predicts Semantic Learning
Authors: Ripollés Pablo , Biel Davina , Peñaloza Claudia , Kaufmann Jörn , Marco-Pallarés Josep , Noesselt Toemme , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni
Published: October 2017

Learning the associations between words and meanings is a fundamental human ability. Although the language network is cortically well defined, the role of the white matter pathways supporting novel word-to-meaning mappings remains unclear. Here, by using contextual and cross-situational word learning, we tested whether learning the meaning of a new word is related to the integrity of the language-related white matter pathways in 40 adults (18 women). The arcuate, uncinate, inferior-fronto-occipital and inferior-longitudinal fasciculi were virtually dissected using manual and automatic deterministic fiber tracking. Critically, the automatic method allowed assessing the white matter microstructure along the tract. Results demonstrate that the microstructural properties of the left inferior-longitudinal fasciculus predict contextual learning, whereas the left uncinate was associated with cross-situational learning. In addition, we identified regions of special importance within these pathways: the posterior middle temporal gyrus, thought to serve as a lexical interface and specifically related to contextual learning; the anterior temporal lobe, known to be an amodal hub for semantic processing and related to cross-situational learning; and the white matter near the hippocampus, a structure fundamental for the initial stages of new-word learning and, remarkably, related to both types of word learning. No significant associations were found for the inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus or the arcuate. While previous results suggest that learning new phonological word forms is mediated by the arcuate fasciculus, these findings show that the temporal pathways are the crucial neural substrate supporting one of the most striking human abilities: our capacity to identify correct associations between words and meanings under referential indeterminacy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe language-processing network is cortically (i.e., gray matter) well defined. However, the role of the white matter pathways that support novel word learning within this network remains unclear. In this work, we dissected language-related (arcuate, uncinate, inferior-fronto-occipital, and inferior-longitudinal) fasciculi using manual and automatic tracking. We found the left inferior-longitudinal fasciculus to be predictive of word-learning success in two word-to-meaning tasks: contextual and cross-situational learning paradigms. The left uncinate was predictive of cross-situational word learning. No significant correlations were found for the arcuate or the inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus. While previous results showed that learning new phonological word forms is supported by the arcuate fasciculus, these findings demonstrate that learning new word-to-meaning associations is mainly dependent on temporal white matter pathways.
Cooperative or Inoperative? Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank’s Inspection Panel
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin
Published: October 2017

The World Bank remains the largest international financial institution in the world. This case study examines the effectiveness of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel. The Inspection Panel makes it possible for citizens and communities to challenge World Bank projects through an independently administered accountability process. Between 1994 and 2016, the World Bank Inspection Panel has received 112 requests for inspection across more than 50 countries. This case study analyzes the history, dynamics, benefits, and barriers to the Inspection Panel, including an assessment of World Bank projects spread across Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, Nigeria, Romania, Tibet, Togo, and Uzbekistan. On doing so, this case study highlights how Inspection Panels like the one operating at the World Bank can improve and enhance governance outcomes and result in more equitable decision-making processes. Yet there are also limits to what such independent accountability mechanisms can accomplish.
A Predictive Model for Time-to-Flowering in the Common Bean Based on QTL and Environmental Variables
Authors: Bhakta Mehul S , Gezan Salvador A , Clavijo Michelangeli Jose A , Carvalho Melissa , Zhang Li , Jones James W , Boote Kenneth J , Correll Melanie J , Beaver James , Osorno Juan M , Colbert Raphael , Rao Idupulapati , Beebe Stephen , Gonzalez Abiezer , Ricaurte Jaumer , Vallejos C Eduardo
Published: October 2017

The common bean is a tropical facultative short-day legume that is now grown in tropical and temperate zones. This observation underscores how domestication and modern breeding can change the adaptive phenology of a species. A key adaptive trait is the optimal timing of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. This trait is responsive to genetically controlled signal transduction pathways and local climatic cues. A comprehensive characterization of this trait can be started by assessing the quantitative contribution of the genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions. This study aimed to locate significant QTL (G) and environmental (E) factors controlling time-to-flower in the common bean, and to identify and measure G × E interactions. Phenotypic data were collected from a biparental [Andean × Mesoamerican] recombinant inbred population (F11:14, 188 genotypes) grown at five environmentally distinct sites. QTL analysis using a dense linkage map revealed 12 QTL, five of which showed significant interactions with the environment. Dissection of G × E interactions using a linear mixed-effect model revealed that temperature, solar radiation, and photoperiod play major roles in controlling common bean flowering time directly, and indirectly by modifying the effect of certain QTL. The model predicts flowering time across five sites with an adjusted r-square of 0.89 and root-mean square error of 2.52 d. The model provides the means to disentangle the environmental dependencies of complex traits, and presents an opportunity to identify in silico QTL allele combinations that could yield desired phenotypes under different climatic conditions.
RL-SKAT: An Exact and Efficient Score Test for Heritability and Set Tests
Authors: Schweiger Regev , Weissbrod Omer , Rahmani Elior , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Kunze Sonja , Gieger Christian , Waldenberger Melanie , Rosset Saharon , Halperin Eran
Published: October 2017

Testing for the existence of variance components in linear mixed models is a fundamental task in many applicative fields. In statistical genetics, the score test has recently become instrumental in the task of testing an association between a set of genetic markers and a phenotype. With few markers, this amounts to set-based variance component tests, which attempt to increase power in association studies by aggregating weak individual effects. When the entire genome is considered, it allows testing for the heritability of a phenotype, defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetics. In the popular score-based Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT) method, the assumed distribution of the score test statistic is uncalibrated in small samples, with a correction being computationally expensive. This may cause severe inflation or deflation of P-values, even when the null hypothesis is true. Here, we characterize the conditions under which this discrepancy holds, and show it may occur also in large real datasets, such as a dataset from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (n = 13,950) study, and, in particular, when the individuals in the sample are unrelated. In these cases, the SKAT approximation tends to be highly overconservative and therefore underpowered. To address this limitation, we suggest an efficient method to calculate exact P-values for the score test in the case of a single variance component and a continuous response vector, which can speed up the analysis by orders of magnitude. Our results enable fast and accurate application of the score test in heritability and in set-based association tests. Our method is available in http://github.com/cozygene/RL-SKAT.
Neurodevelopment at Age 10 Years of Children Born <28 Weeks With Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Joseph Robert M. , Heeren Tim , Kuban Karl C.K. , O’Shea T. Michael , Leviton Alan ,   for the ELGAN Study Investigators
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to evaluate the relationships between fetal growth restriction (FGR) (both severe and less severe) and assessments of cognitive, academic, and adaptive behavior brain function at age 10 years.

METHODS:

At age 10 years, the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Cohort Study assessed the cognitive function, academic achievement, social-communicative function, psychiatric symptoms, and overall quality of life of 889 children born before 28 weeks’ gestation. A pediatric epileptologist also interviewed parents as part of a seizure evaluation. The 52 children whose birth weight z scores were <−2 were classified as having severe FGR, and the 113 whose birth weight z scores were between −2 and −1 were considered to have less severe FGR.

RESULTS:

The more severe the growth restriction in utero, the lower the level of function on multiple cognitive and academic achievement assessments performed at age 10 years. Growth-restricted children were also more likely than their extremely preterm peers to have social awareness impairments, autistic mannerisms, autism spectrum diagnoses, difficulty with semantics and speech coherence, and diminished social and psychosocial functioning. They also more frequently had phobias, obsessions, and compulsions (according to teacher, but not parent, report).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among children born extremely preterm, those with severe FGR appear to be at increased risk of multiple cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions at age 10 years, raising the possibility that whatever adversely affected their intrauterine growth also adversely affected multiple domains of cognitive and neurobehavioral development.
Lo sublime en la homopoética de Vicente Aleixandre
Authors: Campos López Ronald
Published: October 2017

Este artículo pretende desarrollar un trabajo de des-ocultación de la homopoética de Vicente Aleixandre, analizando símbolos, visiones e imágenes visionarias como expresiones de un homoerotismo, donde las experiencias sublimes predominan y definen a los amantes líricos homosexuales y el ambiente cósmico, contextual e íntimo. Para esta lectura hermenéutica, se analizan los poemas: “Se querían”, “Mano entregada” y “No busques, no”. Se concluye que lo sublime participa significativamente en la consolidación de la homopoética aleixandrina, primero, al manifestarse como ese intento por convertir elementos y vivencias cotidianas homoeróticas en un algo que eleva y transforma al sujeto lírico por medio de la imaginación; segundo, al definir, como recursos de homotextualización, el juego de luces y sombras, la ambigüedad, el hermetismo, el desdoblamiento, los límites de lo macrocósmico y lo microcósmico, los simbolismos de la sangre, las imágenes visionarias surrealistas, las visiones fenomenológicas e imaginativas, una conciencia ecológica, la generación de sinestesias, la fragmentación de la identidad y confesiones homoeróticas, la antífrasis y la lítote.
Los inicios de la crítica cervantina en Costa Rica, efemérides y visión antropológica
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: October 2017

En 1947, por motivo de la celebración del natalicio de Miguel de Cervantes, las Academias Costarricense de la Lengua, y de Geografía e Historia, junto con la Universidad de Costa Rica convocan a sendos homenajes y publican las actas y memorias de sus respectivos eventos durante el año 1948, para unirse a la celebración encomiástica del mundo hispano. Anteriores a esa fecha, no hay publicaciones de tipo erudito según la pesquisa que he realizado. Este trabajo analizará los rasgos filosóficos que se exponen en los dos volúmenes conmemorativos, así como las variables críticas que se ponderan bajo la impronta de la interpretación noventayochista del Quijote, con la importancia de insertar la visión del texto cervantino en la dinámica positivista de “la vida y obra de...”.
Un espejo roto : Fragmentación y unidad en la nueva narrativa corta de Centroamérica
Authors: Quijano Vincenzi Laura
Published: October 2017

El artículo plantea una lectura analítica y panorámica de treinta cuentos reunidos bajo un mismo título simbólico, que transmiten una forma de pensar y sentir del ser centroamericano del siglo XXI, desde la perspectiva fragmentada y a la vez unitaria de una Centroamérica marcada por contrastes históricos y culturales, pero también por sus similitudes. El objetivo central es mostrar cómo esto se manifiesta no solo en los cuentos, sino también en las palabras de los autores, incluidas al final de cada relato. Se parte de una concepción teórica sobre la literatura como práctica social y a la vez como representación de diversas visiones sobre la propia identidad individual y colectiva. Asimismo, se asume una perspectiva histórico-cultural de la región. Se leyeron los cuentos siguiendo un hilo temático conductivo, lo que deja a futuros estudiosos el análisis pormenorizado de cada uno. El resultado es la visión de una Centroamérica capaz de dotar a la literatura universal de manifestaciones sugerentes, complejas y reveladoras.
La expresión fraseológica verbal en el discurso informativo del español actual
Authors: Cervera Rodríguez Ángel
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo tiene por objeto delimitar el ámbito de las unidades fraseológicas y explicar el carácter lingüístico-pragmático de las expresiones fraseológicas verbales en el discurso informativo del español actual. Para la fundamentación teórica, se han tomado como referencia algunos de los estudios más relevantes sobre fraseología con el fin de diferenciar las expresiones fijas, semifijas y colocaciones. Tras la muestra de ejemplos de unidades  fraseológicas verbales extraídos de diversos medios de comunicación, se ha procedido a la aplicación de los procedimientos sintácticos, léxico-semánticos y pragmáticos que operan en ellas para identificar el grado de fijeza e idiomaticidad. En definitiva, las unidades fraseológicas analizadas no solo contienen un significado literal, sino también significados adicionales adquiridos en el contexto comunicativo.
Pensamiento crítico como criterio de evaluación de robustez argumentativa
Authors: Noemi Cristián
Published: October 2017

El trabajo ha pretendido establecer aspectos de la relación entre tareas de inferencia asociadas a pensamiento crítico y robustez argumentativa del discurso de estudiantes universitarios. En general, dicha relación ha sido investigada muy superficialmente, considerando sólo mínimas variables intervinientes y focalizando la atención preferentemente sobre la estructura sintáctica. Los datos se obtuvieron de dos fuentes a) de la aplicación del test Critical Thinking Test (CTC) y b) de una tarea de escritura de un ensayo argumentativo. Los resultados han permitido identificar el tipo de relación entre las variables.
Characterization of the effect of short-term high temperature and vibration on wine by quantitative descriptive analysis and solid phase microextractiongas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao P. , Wang H. , Li H.
Published: October 2017

The effect of short-term higher ambient temperature (HT) and continuous vibration (CV) treatment was comparatively characterized by sensory evaluation and chemical analysis. Results of quantitative descriptive analysis of modified frequency (MF) showed that HT causes both in red wine and white wine a decrease of fruity and floral characters, an unbalance of taste, and a shortness of aftertaste length. CV wine showed very close sensory characters to control in most terms evaluated. Seventy-four volatile compounds were quantitative analysed by solid phase microextractiongas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the 23 volatiles of highest odour activity value (OAV). The concentrations of potential fruity and floral aroma attributors like isoamyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, β-damascenone, and linalool were lower in HT wine than that in original wine and CV wine.
Long term measurements in the Woerden geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment
Authors: van Eekelen S. J. M. , Venmans A. A. M. , Bezuijen A. , van Tol A. F.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present long-term measurements in a full-scale study on a basal reinforced piled embankment that make it possible to validate calculations used for the design of the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR). These calculations are normally carried out in two steps. To validate steps 1 and 2 together, it is necessary to measure GR strains. To validate calculation steps 1 and 2 separately, arching A needs to be measured, which is the pressure on the pile cap above the GR. An extensive monitoring project was conducted over a period of four years, in a basal reinforced piled embankment on 17 m of soft clay and peat. This study presents the measured GR strains and load distribution including arching, accompanied by measured groundwater levels and deformations. The subsoil support of the geosynthetic reinforcement disappeared quickly, arching developed over the first three months, and an annual cycle in the load distribution became apparent. Arching effects increase during the summer when conditions are relatively dry, resulting in a larger load on the piles and a reduction in the load on the GR. Additionally, the measured changes after an extremely rainy week are presented.
Clima social familiar y adaptación de conducta en estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria de la Gran Unidad Escolar Las Mercedes, Juliaca – 2015
Authors: Aquize Anco Eddy Wildmar , Nuñez Paja José Vilmor
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el grado de relación entre el clima social familiar y la adaptaciónde conducta en estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria de la Gran Unidad Escolar Las Mercedes de laciudad de Juliaca, inscritos en el año 2015. La población estuvo conformada por 307 estudiantes entre varonesy mujeres de edades que oscilan de 14 a 16 años, sin embargo, se dispuso a trabajar con una muestra probabilísticaestratificada. La metodología de la presente investigación corresponde a un diseño no experimental decorte transversal y de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de clima socialfamiliar (en sus siglas FESS) creado por Moss, que cuenta con 90 ítems de elección dicotómica y el inventariode adaptación de conducta (IAC) con 123 ítems. Los resultados indican que el 49.1% de los estudiantes encuestadospresentan un nivel promedio con relación al clima social familiar y el 14.5% un nivel malo; asimismo, el53.6% muestra dificultades en su adaptación de conducta y tan solo el 9% muestra una satisfactoria adaptación.Otro resultado principal nos muestra el nivel de correlación entre las variables de estudio: clima social familiary adaptación de conducta (r= ,514 p< 0.05), clima social y adaptación personal (r= ,347 p < 0,05), clima socialfamiliar y adaptación familiar (r=520 p<0.05), clima social familiar y adaptación social (r= ,288 p < 0.05). Sinembargo, se encontró una nula correlación entre el clima social familiar y la adaptación educativa (r= -,005 p>0,05), lo cual indica que el niño adquiere patrones de socialización en la familia que terminan de desarrollarseen otros grupos pares durante la adolescencia.
Medios, ciudad, educación
Authors: Vásquez Tomás
Published: October 2017

De alguna manera la situación que vive la escuela, como institución formadora de sujetos y de divulgación del conocimiento y la cultura, tiene que ver profundamente con la presencia de dos espacios sociales que juegan un papel importante en la configuración de las sensibilidades modernas de nuestro país, especialmente desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX.: los medios de comunicación y las ciudades.
La vida cotidiana de las organizaciones populares como espacio formativo
Authors: Torres Carrillo Alfonso
Published: October 2017

El artículo sintetiza una parte de los resultados de la investigación Saberes y prácticas pedagógicas en organizaciones populares, cofinanciada por la DGP-CIUP y realizada por investigadores de la línea Memoria, identidad y actores sociales. En particular, se centra en la vida cotidiana de las asociaciones populares como un espacio valorado por sus integrantes como formativo. A la luz de los aportes de algunos estudiosos de la vida cotidiana y partir de la reconstrucción histórica de la experiencia educativa de las organizaciones y de un trabajo de campo de carácter etnográfico, el texto analiza los espacios, momentos, contenidos y formas de aprendizaje en la cotidianidad de las organizaciones. Finalmente, concluye que la confluencia entre las prácticas educativas formales y la experiencia dentro de la vida cotidiana de las organizaciones, es la que garantiza un propósito central de éstas: la formación de sus integrantes como sujetos sociales.
Políticas y opciones educativas para la población desplazada: crisis y realidades
Authors: Martínez Pineda María Cristina
Published: October 2017

En Colombia el fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado ha generado múltiples problemáticas sociales, políticas económicas, culturales y educativas. En el ámbito educativo, lugar de estas reflexiones, la llegada a las aulas de la población en condición de desplazamiento, ha obligado al profesorado a cumplir roles para los que no se había preparado y ha hecho visible la multiplicidad de vacíos e inconsistencias sociales, educativas y pedagógicas; surge entonces la imperante necesidad de una política social y educativa que fortalezca los procesos pedagógicos y garantice atención integral a dicha población.Las preguntas que orientan estas reflexiones son las siguientes: ¿Cuál es el lugar de la política educativa, para la atención a la población en situación de desplazamiento en Colombia? ¿Se trata de una apuesta por el derecho a la educación y por la potenciación del sujeto o es sólo una acción asistencialista? ¿Conoce el Estado la realidad de las escuelas y maestros y las acciones que están realizando con la población desplazada por la violencia?
Educación pública: entre la equidad y la competencia
Authors: Rojas Álvarez Gloria
Published: October 2017

El uso de términos como “equidad" y "competencia" introducidos en el discurso de la política educativa, a través de documentos planteados desde instancias internacionales (BM, UNESCO...) hasta los proyectos educativos institucionales de Bogotá, generan por un lado, ligerezas y contradicciones teóricas, ya que no se tienen en cuenta fundamentos conceptuales y disciplinares que subyacen a los términos. Por otro lado, se valida una manera de decir y de pensar que manifiesta la lógica economicista y de mercado, donde la “competencia” adquiere mayor relevancia, dejando de lado la "equidad”, que, a pesar de toda la discusión que pueda generar, es la que remite a la justicia social.
Las competencias sociales de los intelectuales transformativos
Authors: Peña Rodríguez Faustino
Published: October 2017

El presente ensayo da cuenta de una discusión que en los ámbitos escolar y educativo ha sido olvidada o dejada de lado, como es la que guarda relación con las competencias sociales que tiene y debe manejar el docente convirtiéndose así en un intelectual transformativo. Si bien en las discusiones escolares y educativas las competencias que deben adquirir los estudiantes son importantes, también lo es que la formación social que tenga el docente influye directamente en esas adquisiciones, coadyuvando a que el estudiante otorgue sentido a la realidad.La discusión sobre las competencias sociales de los intelectuales transformativos se orienta desde la teoría educativa crítica, por cuanto éstas hacen un esfuerzo por ir más allá del orden social establecido a través de normas, valores, reglas e ideologías, entre otros, que resultan extrañas para los sujetos y mediante los cuales se ejerce el poder y la dominación sobre el conjunto de la población y en cambio, plantean la necesidad de desvelar las estructuras sociales con el fin de transformarlas, jugando en este proceso un papel fundamental los intelectuales que se hacen cargo de los procesos educativos y escolares a través de los cuales no sólo forman las nuevas generaciones, sino que se forman ellos mismos como intelectuales, comprometidos con las problemáticas sociales.
El aprendizaje cooperativo: una revisión
Authors: Cabrera Murcia Elsa Piedad
Published: October 2017

Este artículo sintetiza las investigaciones empíricas de los últimos años sobre los efectos del trabajo en pequeños grupos o aprendizaje cooperativo, con y sin uso de la computadora, sobre los logros que alcanzan los estudiantes a nivel académico, social e intrapersonal. Se exponen el tipo de investigaciones realizadas con dicho método y las variaciones que pueden presentarse en su estructura. Estas variaciones tienen que ver con la forma como se conforman los grupos, los roles y el tipo de interacción, el diseño de la tarea, así como los contextos educativos en donde se ha realizado el trabajo en grupos en forma cooperativa. A partir de lo anterior, se proponen futuras direcciones de investigación y se concluye afirmando que el trabajo cooperativo, como forma de organización dentro del aula, puede beneficiar a niños, profesores así como a la misma institución escolar.
Luchas del magisterio y perspectivas de la educación pública en América Latina. Entrevista a Pablo Gentili
Authors: Pinilla Díaz Alexis Vladimir
Published: October 2017

Los días 3 y 4 de noviembre, se realizó en Medellín la reunión anual del Grupo de Trabajo "Educación, Política y Movimientos" del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (Clacso), alrededor del tema Movimientos sociales y conflictividad educativa en América Latina, a la cual asistieron investigadores de Chile, Brasil, México, Argentina, Perú y Colombia. Dentro de los invitados estuvo Pablo Gentili, coordinador del grupo de trabajo, quien nos ofreció la siguiente entrevista, a propósito de las perspectivas de las luchas magisteriales en América Latina, y de los retos de la educación en el actual contexto político y sociocultural.
Lecciones y lecturas de educación. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional 2003
Authors: Perafán Echeverri Gerardo Andrés
Published: October 2017

Colombia, entendida como una unidad étnica, cultural, política o ideológica es una utopía impensable. Por el contrario, lo que llamamos "nuestro país” es un campo pluriétnico, multicultural y geográficamente diverso. Está condición reclama mayor exigencia frente a toda propuesta histórica que pretenda construir "UN" proyecto educativo de país. Las categorías: país, nación, república han aludido casi siempre a una cierta unidad de criterio, bajo la cual se desdibujarían las diferencias en el futuro, para acceder a un imaginario espacio social sin oposiciones.
Foucault, el ayatolá, los intelectuales y la política
Authors: Narodowski Mariano
Published: October 2017

El affaire Foucaut en relación con su apoyo inicial a la revolución islámica iraní y su posterior retractación han sido objeto de algunos estudios tanto en lo relativo a la vida de Foucault, como a los avatares en la producción teórica de un intelectual, al albur a veces patético que corremos los intelectuales cuando "hacemos" política y finalmente, a la “responsabilidad” del intelectual cuyas posiciones políticas entran en contradicción con las convicciones teóricas expresadas previamente por escrito.El trabajo que aquí se presenta pretende transgredir los límites impuestos por los temas usuales de este tipo de debate para inquirir acerca no de la responsabilidad sino de la necesidad vital del compromiso político, aun a costa de supuestas contradicciones, acontecimientos que son inherentes a la apuesta que conlleva las elecciones políticas que se asumen como propias.
En el recorrido de la construcción cotidiana-social de las significaciones culturales
Authors: Gutiérrez Aleyda , Vega Wilfredo
Published: October 2017

El siguiente texto da cuenta de una perspectiva ontológica del lenguaje, desde la cual se asume como un fenómeno discursivo -esencialmente narrativo- de construcción de los saberes culturales. Se presenta un replanteamiento -en concordancia con algunas posturas posmodernas- a la mirada objetivista de la ciencia positivista y su calco en el ámbito educativo, se postulan posibles caminos que, desde la comprensión del papel de las historias en la construcción de sentido de lo humano, fortalezcan los procesos de aprehensión, representación y creación de las participaciones de los seres en la cultura.