bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching by periodically intermittent feedback control
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhu Quanxin
Published: October 2022

This article mainly studies the stabilization of highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching by using periodically intermittent feedback control, whose feedback control has a time delay. For a given unstable highly nonlinear neutral stochastic systems with Markovian switching, a periodically intermittent feedback control function is imposed. By using the Lyapunov function method, M‐matrix and comparison principle, the th moment exponential stability of highly nonlinear hybrid neutral stochastic systems is established. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate our theoretical analysis results.
Research on fault diagnosis of bearings in walking part of wall‐building robot based on roadside acoustic signal
Authors: Gao Tianhao , Zhang Ke , Hu Yunjian , Chen Lu , Zhou Heng
Published: October 2022

The walking part of the wall‐building robot is an important component whose health influences the robot's overall performance, and the bearing of the walking part is a critical but often disregarded component. As a result, based on acoustic signals from the roadside, this study proposes a method of bearing fault monitoring of walking parts to ensure the more stable operation of the wall‐building robot. To begin, due to the Doppler effect caused by the relative displacement between the sensor and the walking part, the collected acoustic signal has frequency shift and amplitude attenuation, so the multiple signal classification spectrum estimation method with added windows is first used to determine the position and speed of the walking part bearing in real time, and then obtain a resampled time series of the distorted signal. Second, the distorted signal is resampled by Morse acoustic theory to correct the distorted sound signal collected by the array sensor. Third, a multitask deep learning method with an attention mechanism is designed to jointly diagnose the fault type and damage degree of bearing by analyzing the corrected acoustic signal. The experimental results show that the method can effectively restore the distorted signal while still accurately and stably detecting the fault type and damage degree of the bearing under a variety of working conditions and external disturbances, making it more suitable for the work of wall‐building robots.
Heterostructures Stimulate Electric‐Field to Facilitate Optimal Zn2+ Intercalation in MoS2 Cathode
Authors: Yao Xincheng , Li Chenglin , Xiao Ran , Li Jieqiong , Yang Hao , Deng Jianqiu , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq
Published: October 2022

The electric‐field effect is an important factor to enhance the charge diffusion and transfer kinetics of interfacial electrode materials. Herein, by designing a heterojunction, the influence of the electric‐field effect on the kinetics of the MoS2 as cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is deeply investigated. The hybrid heterojunction is developed by hydrothermal growth of MoS2 nanosheets on robust titanium‐based transition metal compound ([titanium nitride, TiN] and [titanium oxide, TiO2]) nanowires, denoted TNC@MoS2 and TOC@MoS2 NWS, respectively. Benefiting from the heterostructure architecture and electric‐field effect, the TNC@MoS2 electrodes exhibit an impressive rate performance of 200 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and cycling stability over 3000 cycles. Theoretical studies reveal that the hybrid architecture exhibits a large‐scale electric‐field effect at the interface between TiN and MoS2, enhances the adsorption energy of Zn‐ions, and increases their charge transfer, which leads to accelerated diffusion kinetics. In addition, the electric‐field effect can also be effectively applied to TiO2 and MoS2, confirming that the concept of heterostructures stimulating electric‐field can provide a relevant understanding for the architecture of other cathode materials for AZIBs and beyond.
Unlocking the High Capacity Ammonium‐Ion Storage in Defective Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Wu Yulin , Dong Shengyang , Lv Nan , Xu Zikang , Ren Ruiqi , Zhu Guoyin , Huang Baoling , Zhang Yizhou , Dong Xiaochen
Published: October 2022

Aqueous ammonium‐ion storage has been considered a promising energy storage competitor to meet the requirements of safety, affordability, and sustainability. However, ammonium‐ion storage is still in its infancy in the absence of reliable electrode materials. Here, defective VO2 (d‐VO) is employed as an anode material for ammonium‐ion batteries with a moderate transport pathway and high reversible capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1. Notably, an anisotropic or anisotropic behavior of structural change of d‐VO between c‐axis and ab planes depends on the state of charge (SOC). Compared with potassium‐ion storage, ammonium‐ion storage delivers a higher diffusion coefficient and better electrochemical performance. A full cell is further fabricated by d‐VO anode and MnO2 cathode, which delivers a high energy density of 96 Wh kg−1 (based on the mass of VO2), and a peak energy density of 3254 W kg−1. In addition, capacity retention of 70% can be obtained after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. What's more, the resultant quasi‐solid‐state MnO2//d‐VO full cell based on hydrogel electrolyte also delivers high safety and decent electrochemical performance. This work will broaden the potential applications of the ammonium‐ion battery for sustainable energy storage.
What Can Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD‐OES) Technique Tell Us about Perovskite Solar Cells?
Authors: Zheng Daming , Volovitch Polina , Pauporté Thierry
Published: October 2022

The emerging broad range of applications of the glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) technique in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) research is reviewed. It can provide a large palette of information by easily and quickly tracking the depth distribution of light to heavy elements. After a discussion of the advantages and the limitations of the technique and a comparison with other analytical techniques, how GD‐OES is employed to give structural information on perovskite solar cells is shown. GD‐OES has allowed the full perovskite film formation process investigation, from the initial precursor layers containing soaking and complexed solvent to the final crystallized 3D perovskite layers. The A‐site elemental cations distribution is followed‐up during the film formation. In addition, this technique gives a deep insight into the action mechanism of additives and their effects on the film formation. It provides fruitful information on optimized light absorbing layers and on the selective contact layers which ensure the charge transport in PSCs. It allows to directly visualize halide ions migration and their blocking by ad‐hoc chemical engineering and to study the films and PSCs ageing. GD‐OES opens new perspectives to explain the final performances of the devices.
High‐Performance Broadband Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy of 2D Materials and Thin Magnetic Films
Authors: Carey Benjamin , Wessling Nils Kolja , Steeger Paul , Klusmann Christoph , Schneider Robert , Fix Mario , Schmidt Robert , Albrecht Manfred , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Arora Ashish
Published: October 2022

A Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) technique is presented for measurements on the micrometer scale. Spectral acquisition speeds of about two orders of magnitude faster than state‐of‐the‐art modulation spectroscopy setups are demonstrated. The experimental method is based on charge‐coupled‐device detection, avoiding speed‐limiting components, such as polarization modulators with lock‐in amplifiers. At the same time, FRS spectra are obtained with a sensitivity of 20 µrad () over a broad spectral range (525–800 nm), which is on par with state‐of‐the‐art polarization‐modulation techniques. The new measurement and analysis technique also automatically cancels unwanted Faraday rotation backgrounds. Using the setup, Faraday rotation spectroscopy of excitons is performed in a hexagonal boron nitride‐encapsulated atomically thin semiconductor WS2 under magnetic fields of up to 1.4 T at room temperature and liquid helium temperature. An exciton g‐factor of −4.4 ± 0.3 is determined at room temperature, and −4.2 ± 0.2 at liquid helium temperature. In addition, FRS and hysteresis loop measurements are performed on a 20 nm thick film of an amorphous magnetic Tb20Fe80 alloy.
Holdase/Foldase Mimetic Nanochaperone Improves Antibody‐Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Fu Hao , Chen Jiajing , Xu Linlin , An Yingli , Ma Rujiang , Zhu Chunlei , Liu Yang , Ma Feihe , Shi Linqi
Published: October 2022

Despite unprecedented successes of antibody‐based cancer immunotherapy, the serious side effects and rapid clearance following systemic administration remain big challenges to realize its full potential. At the same time, combination immunotherapy using multiple antibodies has shown particularly promising in cancer treatment. It is noticed that the working mechanisms of natural holdase and foldase chaperone are desirable to overcome the limitations of therapeutic antibodies. Holdase chaperone stabilizes unfolded client and prevents it from activation and degradation, while foldase chaperone assists unfolded client to its native state to function. Here a holdase/foldase mimetic nanochaperone (H/F‐nChap) to co‐delivery two types of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), αCD16 and αPDL1, and resiquimod (R848) is developed, which significantly improves cancer immunotherapy. The H/F‐nChap presents holdase activity in blood and normal tissues that hides and protects mAbs from unnecessary targeted activation and degradation, thereby prolonging blood circulation and reducing immunotoxicity in vivo. Furthermore, H/F‐nChap switches to foldase activity in the tumor microenvironment that exposes mAbs and releases R848 to enhance the engagement between NK cells and tumor cells and promote immune activation, respectively. The H/F‐nChap represents a strategy for safe and spatiotemporal delivery of multiple mAbs, providing a promising platform for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Reliability Analysis in the Train Communication Ethernet Based on Multiple Methods
Authors: Wang Chong , Wang Lide , Wang Jiaren , Nie Xiaobo , Yang Yueyi , Shen Ping
Published: October 2022

Train communication network (TCN) is an important guarantee for the reliable and safe operation of high‐speed rail train. The higher reliability of the TCN is, the safer operation of high‐speed rail train will be, and the cost of overhaul and maintenance will be greatly reduced. The 250 km/h high‐speed rail TCN being developed in China is the first time that the train communication Ethernet (TCE) is used as train control network. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the reliability of TCE and improve the reliability of TCN design and vehicle design. Dynamic fault tree (DFT) and fault Petri nets (FPN) are both important methods for system reliability analysis. Among them, DFT is most widely used in the field of engineering analysis. The FPN method also has its unique characteristics and advantages, which can describe fault propagation analysis and dynamic transition process in practical application. In this paper, TCE's structure, working principle, and fault mode are analyzed to sort out the relationship between complex fault events and establish a DFT with TCE failure as the top event. DFT and FPN methods were combined to better express the dynamic propagation of TCE fault and carry out the fault probability evaluation and system reliability based on the known prior failure rate. The analysis results show that improving the reliability of specified network segments of TCE is of great help to improve the reliability of the high‐speed rail train. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Evolutional Topology Optimization of Electric Machines for Local Shape Modification and Visualization of Sensitivity Distribution Based on CMA‐ES
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Kota
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an evolutional topology optimization of electric machines, which works like gradient‐based local search methods, based on the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA‐ES). The present method enables to improve the performance of initial machine shapes without computing the deviation of the objectives. Moreover, for the resultant shapes obtained by the present topology optimization method, this paper also presents a sensitivity analysis method based on the normal distribution which is used to seek for solutions in CMA‐ES. Using the present sensitivity analysis method, important parts which contribute to improve a machine characteristic can be visualized. The two present methods are applied to the optimization problem of a synchronous reluctance motor. It is shown that initial rotor shapes defined by designers can effectively be modified using the present optimization method. Moreover, it is also shown that the sensitivity distributions with respect to some machine characteristics are visualized by the present method. In addition, each machine characteristic is respectively improved by modifying the machine shape according to the respective sensitivities. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Identification of faecal Escherichia coli isolates with similar patterns of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs and their owners
Authors: Naziri Zahra , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Zare Sahar , Akbarzadeh Niaki Malihe , Motamedi Boroojeni Azar , Eraghi Vida , Shirmohamadi Sosfad Abolfazl
Published: October 2022

Background

The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli allows them to survive and cause infections. The close contact between humans and pets can reinforce the risk of transmitting resistant and virulent bacteria between them.

Objectives

This study aims to compare the patterns of the presence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, as well as important virulence genes in E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and their owners.

Methods

Polymerase chain reactions were performed for detection of antimicrobial resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, strA and strB) and virulence (fimH, iss, sitA and malX) genes in 144 faecal E. coli isolates from 28 dog–owner pairs and 16 humans who did not keep any pets as controls.

Results

Among the investigated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, tetA (52.1%) and fimH (86.8%) genes had the highest prevalence. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in isolates of dogs and their owners. In total, 46.4% of dog–owner pairs had the same patterns of presence or absence of six antimicrobial resistance genes, 50.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of four virulence genes and 25.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of all 10 tested genes.

Conclusion

The presence of antimicrobial‐resistant virulent E. coli in humans and pets may predispose them to infections that are hard to cure with conventional antibiotics. Notable frequency of dogs’ and their owners’ E. coli isolates with similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes may indicate the possibility of sharing virulent antimicrobial resistant E. coli between them.
Use of crosslinking agent to produce high‐performance PLA/EVA blends via reactive processing
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , dos Santos Filho Edson Antonio , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: October 2022

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most currently investigated polymers due to its production from renewable sources and biodegradability. Being a brittle polymer, PLA has low toughness, limiting its use for commercial applications. Therefore, the present work aims to produce PLA blends, using the ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), dynamically vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent. A 70/30 mixture of PLA/EVA was produced with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr DCP. The produced blends were characterized by torque rheometry, melt flow index (MFI), gel content, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tensile properties, impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), and blends morphologies (SEM) were also studied. The presence of increased dynamically vulcanized systems with added DCP was verified through torque rheometry, MFI, and gel content. Substantial increases in the impact strength and elongation at break were observed in PLA/EVA/DCP, providing super‐tough materials at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr of DCP, with impact strengths of 829.5, 860.3, and 890.2 J/m and elongation at break of 138.5, 146.8, and 120.4%, respectively. These results are promising when compared with engineering polymers and blends. This is probably due to in situ compatibilizer PLA‐g‐EVA, which resulted in a homogeneous morphology as evidenced by SEM images.
Preregistration in Animal Research
Authors: Heinl Céline , Schönfelder Gilbert , Bert Bettina
Published: October 2022

Attempts to replicate published studies have too often failed, and promising preclinical results could not be translated into clinical breakthroughs. Major causes for this lack of reproducibility are practical reasons such as selective reporting, poor study design, or insufficient method description. However, a rigid incentive system shaped by publishers, institutions, and funders intensifies the problem by favoring exciting results over robust ones. Poor quality of biomedical research not only slows down the scientific progress, it also represents an ethical issue. When animal experiments do not contribute to any knowledge gain, the justification for these experiments is not given, and animal lives are wasted. Preregistration of animal research, i.e., registration of the study protocol before the experiment has started, supports scientists in designing an excellent research study, prevents questionable scientific practices, and improves the reporting of all outcomes. With the online platform animalstudyregistry.org, scientists worldwide can now easily register their animal study and show their commitment to open science. To enable a broad uptake of preregistration into biomedical research, funders, publishers, and institutions need to acknowledge preregistration as an engagement for transparent and robust science.
The Geoeconomics of Chinese Bank Expansion into the European Union
Authors: Balmas Paolo , Dörry Sabine
Published: October 2022

We apply the concept of geoeconomics to the example of Chinese state-owned commercial banks based in Luxembourg and their financial activities in the European Union. The case study links the uneven relationship between China and Luxembourg to the field of international finance via large Chinese state-owned banks as important but analytically neglected actors. In doing so, we analyze how economic resources are used by, through and between nation states in the pursuit of their strategic goals. Starting from the observation that Chinese banking networks primarily provide a platform for the implementation of direct investments by Chinese companies, we identify important mechanisms and practices of Chinese banks, their anchoring in Luxembourg and the limited fulfilment of Western policy makers’ expectations from the presence of the Chinese banks in Luxembourg. Furthermore, we analyze instruments and strategies that define important aspects and dimensions of the concept of geoeconomics and complement them with the agency attributed to Chinese banks. An interesting paradox emerges from our analysis: while the geoeconomic power of Chinese banks’ activities is limited by the strict adherence to Chinese state development guidelines, the new organization of the Chinese banking networks in the EU suggests that they will be able to exercise their geoeconomic power in the future; with corresponding implications for local economies and economic development in Europe.
Immersion in Audiovisual Experiences
Authors: Agrawal Sarvesh R. , Bech Søren
Published: October 2022

Understanding the concept of immersion and its influencing factors is critical for enabling engaging audiovisual experiences. However, a lack of definitional consensus and suitable methods for assessing immersion hinder research on the subject. This chapter discusses the idea of immersion based on a non-exhaustive literature review of the topic and presents an adaptable definition of immersion that is not limited to virtual reality applications. Additionally, an exploratory experimental paradigm for measuring immersion in audiovisual experiences is described. The description of immersion and the experimental framework presented in this chapter are a starting point for resolving the difference in opinion and developing novel methods to thoroughly explore the concept of immersion respectively.
Spatial Audio Mixing in Virtual Reality
Authors: Riddershom Bargum Anders , Ingi Kristjánsson Oddur , Babó Péter , Eske Waage Nielsen Rasmus , Rostami Mosen Simon , Serafin Stefania
Published: October 2022

The development of Virtual Reality (VR) systems and multimodal simulations presents possibilities in spatial-music mixing, be it in virtual spaces, for ensembles and orchestral compositions or for surround sound in film and music. Traditionally, user interfaces for mixing music have employed the channel-strip metaphor for controlling volume, panning and other audio effects that are aspects that also have grown into the culture of mixing music spatially. Simulated rooms and two-dimensional panning systems are simply implemented on computer screens to facilitate the placement of sound sources within space. In this chapter, we present design aspects for mixing in VR, investigating already existing virtual music mixing products and creating a framework from which a virtual spatial-music mixing tool can be implemented. Finally, the tool will be tested against a similar computer version to examine whether or not the sensory benefits and palpable spatial proportions of a VE can improve the process of mixing 3D sound.
Cognition-Enabled Robots Assist in Care and Everyday Life: Perspectives, Challenges, and Current Views and Insights
Authors: Beetz Michael , Engel Uwe , Langer Hagen
Published: October 2022

The chapter focuses on research on robotic assistants and the involved challenge of their manipulating the physical world. It describes the state of the art in this regard and outlines directions for future research. Furthermore, it reports how the Delphi respondents assess various facets of human–robot communication and how specifically the group of scientists from engineering and natural sciences assesses the further technical development of 13 robotic skills. For this aspect, we asked for the experts’ assessment of the points in time when robots will presumably be capable of demonstrating such skills. The list of examples includes cognitive and communicative skills and skills that relate to motion, autonomous navigation, and the performance of everyday activities at home/in elderly care. In addition, the chapter reports on findings from the population survey. It particularly reveals the relative importance that people allocate to the skills of care robots. It underlines the importance of considering the impact of the physical design of a robot on its social perception and acceptance.
The Institutionalisation of a New Paradigm at Policy Level
Authors: Daimer Stephanie , Berghäuser Hendrik , Lindner Ralf
Published: October 2022

The concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has experienced a remarkable career within the European Union’s policies for funding research and innovation, culminating in the embedding of RRI as a cross-cutting issue in the Horizon 2020 (H2020) framework programme. However, despite favourable conditions, empirical evidence shows that efforts to mainstream RRI at the level of policy practice and implementation by and large failed. With the aim of better understanding the reasons for the limited success of mainstreaming RRI, the authors draw on the concept of Deep Institutionalisation (DI) and adapt it to the analysis of institutionalisation processes related to policy practice and implementation. The adapted DI concept is applied to H2020 by using recent findings from RRI research to provide empirical illustration. The results suggest that key preconditions for the successful institutionalisation of RRI policies were not fulfilled. Specifically, broader policy debates reaching beyond the confines of a small policy arena within the European Commission, a lack of experimental embedding allowing for adjustment to different contexts, and the development of ownership in particular were not achieved. Building on the cornerstones of the DI concept, the authors conclude that attempts to mainstream RRI in H2020 have been premature.
Joining Forces – Staying Unique: Adapting RRI to Different Research and Innovation Funding Agency Contexts
Authors: Schoisswohl Ulrich , Wunderle Ulrike , Studený Luboš , van Kessenich Lieke Michiels , Weinlinger Pia
Published: October 2022

European and national research and innovation (R & I) policies are increasingly oriented towards the task to tackle the unprecedented challenges reflected especially in the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda 2030 that societies face today. Following the need to produce adequate and viable solutions with a strong societal impact and aware of the fact that this impact will strongly affect and depend on the lifestyles, values and attitudes of citizens, there has been a rising attention for the need to better root science, research and innovation in society.
Social Labs in Public Engagement Processes for RRI
Authors: Marschalek Ilse , Seebacher Lisa M. , Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Handler Katharina , Hofer Margit
Published: October 2022

Research and research programmes have explicitly demanded to seek solutions to today’s societal challenges and have emphasised the importance of addressing societal needs and ethical questions in research and development (e.g. Owen and Pansera 2019). Since new sciences and emerging technologies are mostly embedded in fields of conflicting interests and are of high complexity, there is a need for multi-actor decision processes, including actors of the wider public (e.g. Chilvers and Kearnes 2016).
Teilhabeforschung – ein neues Forschungsfeld profiliert sich
Authors: Wansing Gudrun , Schäfers Markus , Köbsell Swantje
Published: October 2022

Teilhabeforschung ist ein Forschungsfeld im Werden. Das vorliegende Buch ist Ausdruck dieses Entstehungsprozesses – und will gleichzeitig darauf einwirken, indem es Beiträge zur Profilierung der Teilhabeforschung liefert. Hierzu versammelt der Band zum einen Beiträge, die sich mit dem Teilhabebegriff als solchem auseinandersetzen und sich mit methodischen und methodologischen Aspekten der Teilhabeforschung befassen. Darüber hinaus wird partizipative Forschung thematisiert und es werden exemplarisch Themen und Projekte aus der Teilhabeforschung vorgestellt.
Zur Bedeutung von Unterstützter Kommunikation für die Teilhabeforschung im Kontext der Befragung junger Erwachsener mit komplexen Kommunikationsbeeinträchtigungen – Erkenntnisse zur Interviewmethodik am Beispiel einer Fallstudie
Authors: zu Schweinsberg Tanja Freifrau Schenck
Published: October 2022

Die Fallstudie gibt Einblick in anwendungsorientierte Teilhabeforschung. Thematisiert wird Unterstützte Kommunikation als zentraler methodischer Zugang für Befragungen von jungen Erwachsenen mit komplexen Kommunikationsbeeinträchtigungen. Untersucht wurden Förderfaktoren und Barrieren für Kommunikation und Teilhabe an Bildungsprozessen im Übergang Schule – Beruf.
Sexuelle Selbstbestimmung als Forschungsthema – Herausforderungen einer partizipativen Projektgestaltung
Authors: Arlabosse Anneke , Bössing Carina , Jennessen Sven , Ortland Barbara , Römisch Kathrin , Scholten Ann-Kathrin , Trübe Jenny
Published: October 2022

Im Rahmen des ProjektsReWiKswurden Aktivitäten realisiert, die die Erweiterung sexueller Selbstbestimmung von Menschen mit Behinderungen in besonderen Wohnformen zum Ziel hatten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen des partizipativen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses und exemplarisch die Umsetzung in den konkreten Projektaktivitäten dargestellt. Zudem wird eine kritische Würdigung des Forschungsprozesses vorgenommen, die die Gelingensbedingungen und Barrieren partizipativer Forschung dieses Projekts verdeutlicht, um so Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung von Projekten der Teilhabeforschung zu eröffnen.
Partizipative Hochschulbildung und -forschung im Lichte des sozialen Raums
Authors: Mischo Susanne , Groß-Kunkel Anke , Ziemen Kerstin
Published: October 2022

Wird Inklusion als gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozess gesehen (u. a. Ziemen, 2013, 2018), muss auch in den Universitäten ein Veränderungsprozess stattfinden, der es Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten ermöglicht, verschiedene Rollen einzunehmen. Inter-/National existieren bereits Projekte zur Inklusion von Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten als Forschende und Studierende (Hauser & Schuppener, 2015; Wagner, 2019); partizipative Forschung wird in Deutschland seit 2011 vermehrt diskutiert (u. a. Buchner et al., 2011; Burtscher, 2019; Keeley et al., 2019). An mehreren Standorten werden zudem Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten als Bildungsfachkräfte zu Lehrenden ausgebildet (Mau, 2019). Dennoch sind weiterhin Fragen offen, wie der Personenkreis in einem exkludierenden Hochschulsystem einen chancengerechten Zugang zu Studium, Lehre und Forschung erhält. Hieran anschließend wurde an der Universität zu Köln mit „SUSHI – Summer School inklusiv“ im Herbst 2019 ein einwöchiges Lernformat für Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten und Studierende angeboten. Aus der Zusammenarbeit entwickelte sich die inklusive Forschendengruppe Hochschulbildung (InFoH), die gemeinsam Möglichkeiten eines chancengerechten Zugangs zur Hochschulbildung untersucht. Auf der Grundlage der Theorien zum sozialen Raum von Löw (2017) und Bourdieu (1983; 1993) wird dabei diskutiert, welche Auswirkungen diese Prozesse auf alle Beteiligten haben.
Frauen mit Schizophrenie in der Rehabilitation zur Förderung der Teilhabe an Arbeit und Beschäftigung: Bedeutende Kontextfaktoren im Teilhabebereich Arbeit und Beschäftigung
Authors: Ommert Judith
Published: October 2022

Die berufliche Teilhabe ist gerade für Frauen mit Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis häufig mit Barrieren verbunden. Um eine Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben zu fördern, kommen Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Kontextfaktoren für Frauen mit Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis in der Rehabilitation zur Förderung von Teilhabe an Arbeit und Beschäftigung für die Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von zentraler Bedeutung sind.
Teilhabe und Assistenz – Zur Bedeutsamkeit der Assistenzbeziehung für die Teilhabe an der Assistenz von Menschen mit sogenannter geistiger Behinderung
Authors: Lutz Deborah Luise
Published: October 2022

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Assistenzbeziehung im Kontext der Teilhabe am Assistenzprozess für Menschen mit sogenannter geistiger Behinderung. Er verwendet ethnographische Daten aus einer Studie, die das relationale Erleben von Assistenzbeziehungen unter Einflussnahme des persönlichen Budgets in Australien und Deutschland untersuchte. Zwei zentrale Themen dieser Untersuchung, (1) Teilhabe und interpersonale Exploration und (2) Teilhabe und Machtverteilung in der Assistenzbeziehung, geben Aufschluss darüber, wie Teilhabe am Assistenzprozess begünstigt oder behindert werden kann.
Teilhabe als Gegenstand der Rehabilitationsforschung
Authors: Meyer Thorsten , Menzel-Begemann Anke
Published: October 2022

Der Teilhabebegriff ist konstitutiv für die Rehabilitation und Rehabilitationsforschung. Ihre aktuellen Definitionen beziehen sich über das Konzept der Funktionsfähigkeit und Behinderung der WHO auf Teilhabe. Das Rahmenrecht für Rehabilitation in Deutschland, das SGB IX, sowie die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention greifen den Teilhabebegriff explizit auf. Nach einer Charakterisierung der Rehabilitationsforschung thematisiert dieser Beitrag das Spannungsfeld von Selbstbestimmung und gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe, anschließend die gegenwärtige Praxis der Rehabilitationsforschung mit Blick auf partizipative Forschungsansätze und in einem weiteren Abschnitt die Entwicklung von Outcome-Modellen mit explizitem Teilhabebezug.
Rechtswissenschaft und Teilhabeforschung
Authors: Welti Felix
Published: October 2022

Der Beitrag stellt dar, wie und woran die Rechtswissenschaft arbeitet (1.) und welche grundlegenden Beiträge sie für die Teilhabeforschung leisten kann (2.). Im sozialen Rechtsstaat der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind Sozialleistungen zur Teilhabe rechtlich eingebunden und bestimmt. Die Wirkungen des rechtlichen Rahmens auf die Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen müssen bei vielen wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen mitbedacht werden. Hierfür ist es wichtig zu wissen, welche Beiträge die Rechtswissenschaft zu einer solchen Betrachtung leisten kann.
Cannabis containing equivalent concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) induces less state anxiety than THC-dominant cannabis
Authors: Hutten Nadia R. P. W. , Arkell T. R. , Vinckenbosch F. , Schepers J. , Kevin R. C. , Theunissen E. L. , Kuypers K. P. C. , McGregor I. S. , Ramaekers J. G.
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active component of cannabis, can cause anxiety in some users during intoxication. Cannabidiol (CBD), another constituent of cannabis, has anxiolytic properties suggesting that cannabis products containing CBD in addition to THC may produce less anxiety than THC-only products. Findings to date around this issue have been inconclusive and could conceivably depend on moderating factors such as baseline anxiety levels in users.

Objective

The present study examined whether anxiety following single doses of vaporised THC, CBD and THC/CBD might be explained by state and trait anxiety levels at baseline.

Methods

A placebo-controlled, randomised, within-subjects study including 26 healthy recreational cannabis users tested the effects of vaporised THC-dominant cannabis (13.75 mg THC), CBD-dominant cannabis (13.75 mg CBD), THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis (13.75 mg THC/13.75 mg CBD) and placebo cannabis on anxiety. Self-rated trait anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). State levels of anxiety were objectively assessed with a computer-based emotional Stroop task (EST) and subjectively rated with the STAI-state questionnaire and a visual analogue scale.

Results

Both THC and THC/CBD significantly increased self-rated state anxiety compared to placebo. State anxiety after THC/CBD was significantly lower than after THC alone. THC-induced anxiety was independent of anxiety at baseline. When baseline anxiety was low, CBD completely counteracted THC-induced anxiety; however, when baseline anxiety was high, CBD did not counteract THC-induced anxiety. There were no effects of any treatment condition on the EST.

Conclusion

Overall, the study demonstrated that the THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis induces less state anxiety than THC-dominant cannabis.
Combination of pre-treatment dynamic [18F]FET PET radiomics and conventional clinical parameters for the survival stratification in patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Li Zhicong , Holzgreve Adrien , Unterrainer Lena M. , Ruf Viktoria C. , Quach Stefanie , Bartos Laura M. , Suchorska Bogdana , Niyazi Maximilian , Wenter Vera , Herms Jochen , Bartenstein Peter , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Unterrainer Marcus , Albert Nathalie L. , Kaiser Lena
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to build and evaluate a prediction model which incorporates clinical parameters and radiomic features extracted from static as well as dynamic [18F]FET PET for the survival stratification in patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

Methods

A total of 141 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and dynamic [18F]FET PET prior to surgical intervention were included. Patients with a survival time ≤ 12 months were classified as short-term survivors. First order, shape, and texture radiomic features were extracted from pre-treatment static (tumor-to-background ratio; TBR) and dynamic (time-to-peak; TTP) images, respectively, and randomly divided into a training (n = 99) and a testing cohort (n = 42). After feature normalization, recursive feature elimination was applied for feature selection using 5-fold cross-validation on the training cohort, and a machine learning model was constructed to compare radiomic models and combined clinical-radiomic models with selected radiomic features and clinical parameters. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated to assess the predictive performance for identifying short-term survivors in both the training and testing cohort.

Results

A combined clinical-radiomic model comprising six clinical parameters and six selected dynamic radiomic features achieved highest predictability of short-term survival with an AUC of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.88) in the independent testing cohort.

Conclusions

This study successfully built and evaluated prediction models using [18F]FET PET-based radiomic features and clinical parameters for the individualized assessment of short-term survival in patients with a newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. The combination of both clinical parameters and dynamic [18F]FET PET–based radiomic features reached highest accuracy in identifying patients at risk. Although the achieved accuracy level remained moderate, our data shows that the integration of dynamic [18F]FET PET radiomic data into clinical prediction models may improve patient stratification beyond established prognostic markers.
A deep learning approach to the diagnosis of atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in otitis media with effusion using otoscopic images
Authors: Zeng Junbo , Deng Wenting , Yu Jingang , Xiao Lichao , Chen Suijun , Zhang Xueyuan , Zeng Linqi , Chen Donglang , Li Peng , Chen Yubin , Zhang Hongzheng , Shu Fan , Wu Minjian , Su Yuejia , Li Yuanqing , Cai Yuexin , Zheng Yiqing
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model to identify atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in cases of otitis media with effusion (OME) using multi-center otoscopic images.

Method

A total of 6393 OME otoscopic images from three centers were used to develop and validate a DL model for detecting atelectasis and attic retraction pocket. A threefold random cross-validation procedure was adopted to divide the dataset into training validation sets on a patient level. A team of otologists was assigned to diagnose and characterize atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in otoscopic images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, including area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess the performance of the DL model. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) illustrated the discriminative regions in the otoscopic images.

Results

Among all OME otoscopic images, 3564 (55.74%) were identified with attic retraction pocket, and 2460 (38.48%) with atelectasis. The diagnostic DL model of attic retraction pocket and atelectasis achieved a threefold cross-validation accuracy of 89% and 79%, AUC of 0.89 and 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.93 and 0.71, and a specificity of 0.62 and 0.84, respectively. Larger and deeper cases of atelectasis and attic retraction pocket showed greater weight, based on the red color depicted in the heat map of CAM.

Conclusion

The DL algorithm could be employed to identify atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in otoscopic images of OME, and as a tool to assist in the accurate diagnosis of OME.
The cancer patients’ perspective on feasibility of using a fatigue diary and the benefits on self-management: results from a longitudinal study
Authors: Milzer Marlena , Steindorf Karen , Reinke Paul , Schmidt Martina E.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the patients’ perspective on feasibility of using a fatigue diary and its benefits on self-management.

Methods

This longitudinal study enrolled 50 cancer patients in routine care. Following baseline (t0) assessment, patients were asked to complete a 7-day fatigue diary and subsequently obtained written diary evaluation. Feasibility, benefits, and fatigue-related attitudes were assessed via self-report 1 (t1) and 4 months (t2) after distributing the diary. Data were analyzed descriptively and using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results

Most patients (94%) completed the diary for 7 days and rated feasibility as high. After diary completion and receiving the evaluation, fewer patients felt helpless in the face of fatigue (t1: 21% vs. t0: 53%). Additionally, more patients addressed fatigue with their general practitioner (t2: 49% vs. t0: 36%) and pro-actively searched for information and help (t2: 59% vs. t0: 38%). The diary enabled a majority of patients to be aware of their fatigue patterns, to plan daily routines accordingly and to take adequate actions against fatigue.

Conclusion

The study showed that symptom monitoring via a fatigue diary was considered feasible and enhanced self-management in cancer patients. Thus, fatigue diaries might be a useful measure contributing to an improved fatigue management. The results reinforce guideline recommendations for routine application of fatigue diaries in clinical care. Healthcare professionals should encourage patients to fatigue diary use and provide individually tailored counseling based on diary entries.
Microcirculation and neutrophil-related cytokine concentrations are not altered around narrow diameter implants in T2DM patients during wound healing
Authors: Diehl Daniel , Kaner Doğan , Bockholt Amelie , Bilhan Hakan , Friedmann Anton
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the microcirculation and the expression patterns of wound-healing-related cytokines around narrow-diameter implants in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normo-glycemic patients.

Materials and methods

A total of 31 patients, 16 of which diagnosed with T2DM (HbA1c > 6.5) and 15 normo-glycemic patients, received narrow diameter implants in the posterior mandible or maxilla. During the 3-month healing period, soft-tissue perfusion was monitored via laser Doppler flowmetry. Peri-implant fluid (PICF) was harvested and analyzed for concentrations of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by a multiplex, bead-based immunoassay.

Results

Microcirculatory perfusion patterns during wound healing exhibited no significant differences throughout the observation period. IL-1ß concentrations were expectedly elevated during the early phases of wound healing. At the first visit after surgery, IL-23 concentrations were significantly higher in implants of diabetic patients. This difference was diminished over the course of the observation period. For the other tested analytes, no differences were observable between both groups.

Conclusion

Wound healing after implant surgery was similar in T2DM and healthy patients. Hydrophilic-surface titanium-zirconium implants with reduced diameter may be considered for implant therapy of diabetes mellitus type II patients.

Registration number

NCT04630691 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Developing and Validating a Korean Version of the Assessment of Children’s Emotional Skills
Authors: Chung C. , Choi S. , Bae J. , Jeong H. , Lee J. , Lee H.
Published: October 2022

In this study, a Korean Assessment of Children’s Emotional Skills (ACES) was developed by modifying the original ACES which was initially introduced in the United States. Specifically, the original ACES was translated into Korean and revised to better fit the Korean cultural context. The content validity of the revised Korean ACES was established via expert reviews. To test its reliability, the revised Korean ACES was conducted on 286 six-year-old children. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that our newly developed Korean ACES can be used as an appropriate tool to measure Korean children’s emotional skills. The Korean ACES can stimulate further studies on these emotional skills and contribute to various international collaborative studies that seek to compare the emotional skills of children from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Linear Models of a Stiffened Plate via $\Gamma $-Convergence
Authors: Picchi Scardaoni Marco , Paroni Roberto
Published: October 2022

We consider a family of three-dimensional stiffened plates whose dimensions are scaled through different powers of a small parameter $\varepsilon $
ε
. The plate and the stiffener are assumed to be linearly elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. By means of $\Gamma $
Γ
-convergence, we study the asymptotic behavior of the three-dimensional problems as the parameter $\varepsilon $
ε
tends to zero. For different relative values of the powers of the parameter $\varepsilon $
ε
, we show how the interplay between the plate and the stiffener affects the limit energy. We derive twenty-three limit problems.
A New Approach to the Quantitative Analysis of Bone Surface Modifications: the Bowser Road Mastodon and Implications for the Data to Understand Human-Megafauna Interactions in North America
Authors: Otárola-Castillo Erik R. , Torquato Melissa G. , Keevil Trevor L. , May Alejandra , Coon Sarah , Stow Evalyn J. , Rapes John B. , Harris Jacob A. , Marean Curtis W. , Eren Metin I. , Shea John J.
Published: October 2022

Toward the end of the Pleistocene, the world experienced a mass extinction of megafauna. In North America these included its proboscideans—the mammoths and mastodons. Researchers in conservation biology, paleontology, and archaeology have debated the role played by human predation in these extinctions. They point to traces of human butchery, such as cut marks and other bone surface modifications (BSM), as evidence of human-animal interactions—including predation and scavenging, between early Americans and proboscideans. However, others have challenged the validity of the butchery evidence observed on several proboscidean assemblages, largely due to questions of qualitative determination of the agent responsible for creating BSM. This study employs a statistical technique that relies on three-dimensional (3D) imaging data and 3D geometric morphometrics to determine the origin of the BSM observed on the skeletal remains of the Bowser Road mastodon (BR mastodon), excavated in Middletown, New York. These techniques have been shown to have high accuracy in identifying and distinguishing among different types of BSM. To better characterize the BSM on the BR mastodon, we compared them quantitatively to experimental BSM resulting from a stone tool chopping experiment using “Arnold,” the force-calibrated chopper. This study suggests that BSM on the BR mastodon are not consistent with the BSM generated by the experimental chopper. Future controlled experiments will compare other types of BSM to those on BR. This research contributes to continued efforts to decrease the uncertainty surrounding human-megafauna associations at the level of the archaeological site and faunal assemblage—specifically that of the BR mastodon assemblage. Consequently, we also contribute to the dialogue surrounding the character of the human-animal interactions between early Americans and Late Pleistocene megafauna, and the role of human foraging behavior in the latter’s extinction.