bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Levels of CD38+ NK Cells Contribute to Immune Imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Fang Kehua , Chang Xiaotian
Published: January 2020

Background Increased CD38 expression and CD38+ cell proportion as well as their importance had been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The proportion of lymphocyte subtypes in RA patients and rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined using flow cytometry. CD38+ NK cells, CD38+ NKT cells and CD4+ T cells as well as mononuclear cells (MNCs) depleted of CD38+ cells were isolated from RA synovial fluid using flow cytometry and cocultured in transwell apparatus.Results This study detected a significantly increased CD38+ NK cell proportion and a decreased CD38+ NKT cell proportion in RA peripheral blood and synovial fluid. The CD38+ NK/CD38+ NKT ratio was positively correlated with the disease activity. A similar result was observed in CIA rats. When CD38+ NK cells were cocultured with MNCs, the Treg cell proportion in MNCs and IL-10 level significantly decreased, and Th17 cell proportion and IFN-γ level increased. When the CD38+ NK cells were pretreated with monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody, Treg cell proportion and IL-10 level significantly increased, and the Th17 cell proportion and IFN-γ and IL-6 level decreased. When CD38+ NK cells were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios significantly increased, and mTOR signaling was activated in the cells. When the CD38+ NK cells were pretreated with the anti-CD38 antibody, the opposite result was obtained. Coculturing CD38+ NKT cells with MNCs or CD4+T cells showed opposite results. The anti-CD38 antibody also significantly increased TGF-β expression in the CD38+ NK cells.Conclusions Our results suggest that a high CD38+ NK and low CD38+ NKT proportion in RA elevates Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratio to contribute to the pathogenesis.
Combined Sodium Dimercaptopropanesulfonate and Zinc versus D-penicillamine as First-line Therapy for Neurological Wilson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiao Lulu , Yang Wenming
Published: January 2020

Background: Even though recent research has achieved significant advancement in the development of therapeutic approaches for Wilson’s diseases (WD), the current treatment options available for the neurological symptoms of WD are significantly limited and yet to be standardized. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the course of treatment for WD patients with neurological symptoms receiving either combined sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS) and zinc treatment or D-penicillamine (DPA) monotherapy as first-line therapy. Methods: The case records of 158 patients diagnosed with neurological WD were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were administrated with either intravenous DMPS + Zinc (group 1) or DPA (group 2) for 8 weeks. During the period of treatment, neurological symptoms were assessed using Global Assessment Scale (GAS), the key hematological and biochemical parameters (such as aminotransferase, serum ceruloplasmin, 24-h urine copper excretion), as well as adverse effects were recorded and analyzed. Results: 93 patients in Group 1, displayed decreased GAS scores consistently in comparison to the baseline (P < 0.01). Among them, 64 patients (68.1%) displayed a significant improvement in their neurological status after 8 weeks, while 10 patients (10.8%) experienced neurological deterioration. Among the 65 patients in Group 2, 30 patients (46.2%) displayed neurological improvements, while 21 patients (32.3%) displayed neurological deterioration. 6 patients discontinued their treatment midway due to their exacerbating neurological symptoms. A comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness of the two courses of treatment revealed that patients in Group 1 demonstrated a higher improvement ratio (P < 0.01) and lower worsening ratio of the neurological symptoms of the patients (P < 0.01) in comparison to the patients in group 2. Meanwhile, renal function, liver enzyme and the blood cell counts remained stabilized in group1. Conclusions: This study suggests that the combined therapeutic approach of treatment with DPMS and zinc should be the preferred first-line therapy in treating the neurological symptoms of WD, in comparison to the treatment with DPA as the experimental data demonstrates that it is significantly more efficient. Keywords: Wilson’s disease (WD), Sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS), D-penicillamine (DPA), Zinc, Global Assess
The draft genome of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus reveals its evolutionary scenario and well-developed innate immunity
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yuan , Yan Qing , Zhang Liang , Chen Dianbao , Ruan Lingwei , Kong Yuan , Shi Hong , Chen Mingliang , Chen Jianming
Published: January 2020

Background: Horseshoe crabs are ancient marine arthropods with a long evolutionary history extending back approximately 450 million years, which may benefit from their innate immune systems. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear. Results: Here, we describe the 2.06 Gbp genome assembly of Tachypleus tridentatus with 24,222 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics shows that T. tridentatus and the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have the most orthologues shared among two species, including genes involved in the immune-related JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Divergence time dating results show that the last common ancestor of Asian horseshoe crabs (including T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda ) and L. polyphemus appeared approximately 130 Mya (121-141), and the split of the two Asian horseshoe crabs was dated to approximately 63 Mya (57-69). Hox gene analysis suggests two clusters in both horseshoe crab assemblies. Surprisingly, selective analysis of immune-related gene families revealed the high expansion of conserved pattern recognition receptors. Genes involved in the IMD and JAK-STAT signal transduction pathways also exhibited a certain degree of expansion in both genomes. Intact coagulation cascade-related genes were present in the T. tridentatus genome with a higher number of coagulation factor genes. Moreover, most reported antibacterial peptides have been identified in T. tridentatus with their potentially effective antimicrobial sites. Conclusions: The draft genome of T. tridentatus would would provide important evidence for further clarifying the taxonomy and evolutionary relationship of Chelicerata. The expansion of conserved immune signalling pathway genes, coagulation factors and intact antimicrobial peptides in T. tridentatus constitutes its robust and effective innate immunity for self-defence in marine environments with an enormous number of invading pathogens and may affect the quality of the adaptive properties with regard to complicated marine environments.
miR-147b-modulated expression of vestigial regulates wing development in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padimiR-147b-modulated expression of vestigial regulates wing development in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Fan YJ , Li XX , Mohammed Abd Allah A. H. , Liu Y , Gao Xiwu
Published: January 2020

Background: Most aphids exhibit wing polyphenism in which wingless and winged morphs produce depending on the population density and host plant quality. Although the influence of environmental factors on wing polyphenism of aphids have been extensively investigated, molecular mechanisms underlining morph differentiation (i.e. wing development /degeneration), one downstream aspect of the wing polyphenism , has been poorly understood.
Results: We examined the expression levels of the twenty genes involved in wing development network, and only vestigial (vg ) showed significantly different expression levels in both whole-body and wall-body of third instar nymphs, with 5.4- and 16.14- fold higher expression in winged lines compared to wingless lines, respectively in Rhopalosiphum padi . vg expression was higher in winged lines compared to wingless lines in third, fourth instar nymphs and adults. Larger difference expression was observed in third (21.38-fold) and fourth (20.91-fold) instar nymphs relative to adults (3.12-fold). Suppression of vg using RNAi repressed the wing development of third winged morphs. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that the miR-147 can target the vg mRNA. Modulation of miR-147b levels by microinjection of its agomir (mimic) decreased vg expression levels and repressed wing development.
Conclusions : Our findings suggest that vg is essential for wing development in R. padi and that miR-147b modulates its expression.
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Morphological and Physiological Responses of Cornus alba to Salt and Drought Stresses under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Liu Qiang , Sun Youping , Altland James , Niu Genhua
Published: January 2020

Tatarian dogwood (Cornus alba) is an ornamental shrub with white fruits, creamy-white flowers, and red stems in fall through late winter and is widely used in residential landscape, public parks, and botanical gardens. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to characterize the survival, morphological, aesthetic, and physiological responses of tatarian dogwood seedlings to salinity and drought stresses. In Expt. 1, tatarian dogwood seedlings grown in three soilless growing substrates (Metro-Mix 360, 560, and 902) were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solution (by adding calculated amount of sodium chloride and calcium chloride) at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 once per week for 8 weeks. Results showed that substrate did not influence the growth of tatarian dogwood seedling. All plants irrigated with saline solutions at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1 died, whereas those irrigated with saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 dS·m−1 exhibited severe foliar salt damage with an average visual score of 1.0 (on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 = dead and 5 = excellent without foliar salt damage). Compared with the control, saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 dS·m−1 reduced plant height and shoot dry weight (DW) by 50.8% and 55.2%, respectively. Relative chlorophyll content [soil plant analysis development (SPAD) reading], chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and net photosynthesis rate (Pn) also decreased when plants were irrigated with saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 and 10.0 dS·m−1. Leaf sodium (Na+) concentration of tatarian dogwood seedlings irrigated with saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 and 10.0 dS·m−1 increased 11 and 40 times, respectively, compared with the control, whereas chloride (Cl-) concentration increased 25 and 33 times, respectively. In Expt. 2, tatarian dogwood seedlings were irrigated at a substrate volumetric water contents (volume of water/volume of substrate, VWC) of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45% using a sensor-based automated irrigation system for 60 days. Results showed that drought stress decreased plant growth of tatarian dogwood seedlings with a reduction of 71%, 85%, and 87% in plant height, leaf area, and shoot DW, respectively, when VWC decreased from 45% to 15%, but all plants survived at all VWC treatments. Significant reductions of photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), and water potential were also found in plants at a VWC of 15%, compared with other VWCs. However, SPAD readings and Fv/Fm of tatarian dogwood seedlings were similar among the VWCs. In conclusion, tatarian dogwood seedlings were sensitive to the salinity levels tested in this study but could survive at all tested substrate volumetric water contents and exhibited resistance to drought conditions.
Existentialism, Ontology, and Mysticism in Clarice Lispector’s A descoberta do mundo
Authors: Lobo Luiza
Published: January 2020

This article aims to place Clarice Lispector as the inventor of a new type of newspaper chronicle. The style of her 468 chronicles published weekly in Jornal do Brasil, from 1967 to 1973, and collected in the book A descoberta do mundo (1984), differs from that of her contemporary male chroniclers, such as Rubem Braga, Paulo Mendes Campos, Fernando Sabino, and Otto Lara Resende, or even women chroniclers, such as Rachel de Queiroz and Dinah Silveira de Queiroz. Mingling Sartre’s existentialism and Heidegger’s phenomenology with the Jewish mysticism learned as a child enabled Lispector to write in a style that pioneered modern women’s prose fiction in Brazil after 1970. This article argues that fragmentation and hybridization are the marks of her “discovery” of a new world as a woman writer, making her crônicas predecessors of today’s women’s blogs.
O sucesso do inacabado: Clarice Lispector e sua “Children’s Corner” na revista Senhor
Authors: Méndez Mariela
Published: January 2020

In 1959, when the sophisticated magazine Senhor was launched in Rio de Janeiro, the renowned writer Clarice Lispector was invited to join this new publishing venture targeted at educated upper-class men. As a separated woman in need of an income to support herself and her two children, Lispector accepted the offer, regularly contributing with chronicles/stories, and starting at the end of 1961 a column that she named “Children's Corner” in the section “Sr. & Cía.” These contributions are fragmentary, exploratory, somewhat hinting at failure. This article reads Lispestor’s texts for Senhor as interventions that enact a rupture in a narrative of growth, progress, and development geared towards a heteroreproductive future. As it unsettles this ideology, Lispector’s “Children’s Corner” also stages new modes of relationality that defy the ideas of human exceptionalism and human mastery over matter and nature.
Mendes, Victor K., and Patrícia Vieira, editors. Portuguese Literature and the Environment. Lexington, 2019
Authors: Nielson Rex
Published: January 2020

Portuguese Literature and the Environment, edited by Victor K. Mendes and Patrícia Vieira, is a groundbreaking collection that contributes significantly to our understanding of Portuguese environmental literary studies.
Aligning the social, environmental, and economic interests of “green growth” of the Ukrainian nature reserve fund objects
Authors: Andryeyeva Natalya , Khumarova Nina , Nikolaychuk Tatiana
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in the context of aligning the society’s social, environmental, and economic interests. The methodological approaches to forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in conditions of the need to transform the approaches regarding the interaction with small and medium-sized businesses were developed. The main focus is on the issues of studying the existing institutional risks, institutional “traps,” and ensuring the stakeholders’ functional interaction. The proposed scheme for managing and planning the spatial development of the Nature Reserve Fund territories is based on business planning, “micro-K modeling” method, strategic monitoring method. Based on the complex combination of ecosystemic and polyfunctional approaches, the typology of Nature Reserve Fund territories management functions and “green growth” indicators system was defined. The institutional framework was formed, which enables to ensure aligning the society’s social, environmental, and economic interests.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN MOSCOW CITY
Authors: ZAKHAROVA I. N. , SOLOVYEVA E. A. , KLIMOV L. Ya. , VASILYEVA S. V. , TVOROGOVA T. M. , SUGYAN N. G. , RAKHTEENKO A. V. , KURYANINOVA V. A. , PLUDOVSKI P. (PAWEL PLUDOVSKI)
Published: January 2020

Schoolchildren and their state of health, in particular, deficiencies, deserve no less attention than children of early age, while the recognition of the existence of inadequate vitamin D sufficiency in children of all age groups has not yet led to the introduction of mass prophylaxis for hypovitaminosis D. There are a number of factors determining the concentration of 25(OH)D-calcidiol in the blood. However, it is obvious that among many factors one should focus on several most significant and develop a scheme for correcting deficiency in each region.Purpose: to assess vitamin D sufficiency in adolescents living in Moscow, to correct calcidiol status in adolescents on the basis of baseline concentration of the metabolite transported in the blood. Material and methods: 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years for whom 25(OH)D concentration in the blood was evaluated, then 218 patients were randomized into 2 groups: the study group received tableted dietary supplement Minisun® vitamin D3, the controlgroup received placebo. The dosage of cholecalciferol was defined based on the initial level of calcidiol in patients. The study continued for 6 months, then blood was re-sampled to determine the level of calcidiol.Results: the study found low sufficiency with calcidiol among the schoolchildren: 25(OH)D median was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/ml, only 5.2% of patients had normal concentration of calcidiol in the blood. At the second examination, positively significant differences in the status of vitamin D were observed in the study compared to the control group, while patients in the study group,against a background of cholecalciferol donation, demonstrated 25(OH)D median increase from 16.2 [12.25-19.3] ng/ml to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/ml (p <0.001) .Conclusions: a large proportion of the child population (70.6%) have a concentration of 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. The doses of cholecalciferol used in the study make it possible to eliminate the deficiency of calcidiol and to overcome the threshold of 20 ng/ml, but in order to normalize vitamin D status in the blood of adolescents living in Moscow, it is necessary to use higher dosages that need to be confirmed by further research.
ULTRASONIC POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSING CHANGES IN KIDNEYS OF CHILDREN WITH ALAGILLE SYNDROME
Authors: PYKOV M. I. , ILIPPOVA E. A. , RYCHKOVA V. E. , DEGTYAREVA, A. V. , PUCHKOVA A. A.
Published: January 2020

The article shares the results of a follow-up of children with Alagille syndrome in the first year of life and signs of neonatal cholestasis. Diagnostic criteria of ultrasonic kidney changes in children with Alagille syndrome and their relationship with biochemical parameters of blood serum are defined. The authors tell about a new method of ultrasound kidney examination using conventional technique involving a linear high-frequency transducer, which contributes to early diagnosis of the disease
WHAT DO WE UNDERESTIMATE IN THERAPY OF CHILDREN?
Authors: BEKHTEREVA M. K. , IVANOVA V. V. , IOFFE M. Y.
Published: January 2020

Th article provides data on frequency of acute infectious diseases among children, the attention is focused on the frequently ungrounded choice of the therapeutic tactics with use of antibacterial, antiviral or antihistamine drugs, which leads to intensification of the polypragmasy trend. Authors described in detail the issue of dehydration syndrome development in children in variouspathologic states, reasons of occurrence of this state and ways to correct liquid deficiency with the help of the oral rehydratation
NUTRITION OF A HEALTHY CHILD DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: IS IT ALL EVIDENT AND DO WE KNOW IT ALL?
Authors: ZAKHAROVA I. N. , KHOLODOVA I. N. , BRAGIN A. I. , NECHAEVA V. V.
Published: January 2020

The authors raise the question of the role of goat milk in the nutrition of infants. The properties of goat milk and its difference from cow milk are discussed. The authors share experience in the prescription of goat milk formula, give examples from their own practice
FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: DROBOTKO L. N. , KISELNIKOVA L. P. , SEDOYKIN A. G. , DRONOV I. A.
Published: January 2020

The problem of oral candidiasis is topical for the adult population and children due to frequent recurrence, the presence of a large number of predisposing factors, lack of compliance with hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity. The most common causative agent of oral candidiasis is the fungi C. albicans. The article discusses the risk factors for the development of this disease taking into account age-related factors, provides clinical morphological characteristics of acute and chronic forms of oral candidiasis. Local causal treatment of isolated candidal lesions of the oral cavity by 1% solution of clotrimazole (Candid) is effective both in children and adults. Preventive care after the course etiotropic therapy are aimed at reducing the number of relapses of oral candidiasis.
ON THE ROLE OF COLLOID SILVER IN THE TREATMENT OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND EAR DISORDERS
Authors: BOIKOVA N. E.
Published: January 2020

The high resistance of infectious agents to antibiotics that doctors currently face in therapy of acute and chronic diseases, especially in ENT-practice makes it possible for experts to search for alternative paths and to select drugs with a broad spectrum of action. These include colloid silver based drugs with proven microbicidal, virucidal and local protective and anti-inflammatory properties
TACTICS OF PEDITRY IN ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN
Authors: URSOVA N. I.
Published: January 2020

The functional abdominal pain in children and teenagers is characterized by a wide range of manifestations, doesn’t belong to the separate nosologic form, has clinical, prognostic importance and supports interest of internists to diagnostics and therapy. Taking into account a great variety of signs of the process systemic nature in children it’s reasonable to examine patients with the abdominal pain as a complex. The accurate syndrome diagnosis that determines the necessity and strategy of treatment is of paramount importance for pediatric practice whereas the task of the doctor is the choice of the drug with the maximum therapeutic and minimum toxic potential
SLEEP IN CHILDREN: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOLOGY
Authors: POLUEKTOV M. G. , PCHELINA P. V.
Published: January 2020

Circadian rhythms and the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness begin to form in the embryonic period and undergo many stages of development before acquire characteristics typical for an adult. Structure of sleep disturbances in children also differs from that in the adult population. Most sleep disorders in children are the result of immaturity of certain brain structures and mechanisms: primary sleep disorders, pediatric behavioral insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis. These disorders are benign, and usually disappear by adulthood. Treatment of benign sleep disorders in children should primarily be based on the methods of behavioral therapy, the rules of sleep hygiene and the purpose of light sedation.
Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Öğretmen Adaylarının Engelli Öğrencilere Yönelik Metaforik Algıları (Gazi Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: DAYI Eylem , AÇIKGÖZ Gökhan , ELÇİ Ayşe Nur
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırma, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü öğretmen adaylarının
engelli öğrencilere yönelik geliştirdikleri metaforları belirlemeyi
amaçlamıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında olgubilim deseni
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel
Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıfına devam eden gönüllü 267 öğretmen
adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Engelli öğrenciler benim için
...... gibidir; Çünkü, ……. dır.” 
cümlesinin yer aldığı açık uçlu form ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen
bulgulara göre öğretmen adaylarının sekiz kategoride 102 metafor ürettiği görülmüştür.
Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının engelli öğrenciler için sıklıkla çiçek
ve herkes metaforunu kullandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının
engelli öğrencilere yönelik algılarının genelde olumlu olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Colonias militares y civiles del siglo XIX: Una aproximación a las utopías urbanas del norte de Coahuila
Authors: González Milea Alejandro
Published: January 2020

El artículo argumenta que en el norte de Coahuila, a lo largo del siglo xix, algunos nuevos centros de población estuvieron influenciados –en sus trazados y organización espacial– por los reglamentos para establecer colonias militares. Mediante una revisión del carácter doctrinario de sus medidas y disposiciones, y con el estudio del caso de El Remolino –entre otras colonias para civiles y repatriados, referidas con mero fin ilustrativo–, es posible corroborar una conocida idea según la cual las utopías mexicanas abrevaron de una tradición formada por breves resúmenes de ideales colectivos y no fueron ejercicios creativos de imaginación o fábulas ociosas. El empleo recurrente del damero, a decir del trazado de calles y manzanas en cuadros, permite avanzar en la definición de rasgos de un tipo de ciudad ideal que es necesario incorporar –por su larga persistencia en el tiempo– a la historia del urbanismo y de la planificación en el noreste de México, pues asoció una conciencia sobre las necesidades de la población con una concepción de la unidad artística.
Management of Suicidal Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Valles Nizete-Ly , Billups Dana , Sampson Topaz , Harris Toi Blakley
Published: January 2020

Background:

Increasingly, adolescents are presented to hospital emergency departments
with suicidal ideation (SI) and depression. Even among those who come in with
other complaints, depression and SI are common. Emergency personnel are placed in the default
position of providing care for these patients, but often lack sufficient knowledge and
skills to do this effectively.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to offer guidance to emergency personnel and describe
goals and strategies for screening and brief interventions.

Method:

We review risk factors, assessment tools and evidence-based interventions that can
be utilized by mental health professionals working in EDs and by ED staff in the absence of
mental health professionals.

Conclusion:

Emergency departments can serve a critical role in risk management and treatment
of adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. All patients presenting to the ED should
be screened for current and past depression and suicidal ideation or attempts. Brief interventions
can be delivered in the ED that can increase the likelihood that patients will receive follow-
up care.
Women's journalists in the practice of mass media in Semarang city
Authors: Wulandari Lusi Setyo , Sari Nova Permata
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the balance between female and male journalists in the mass media, and the subjective experience of women journalists in carrying out their duties. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and interviewees in this study as many as five people from print and electronic media, to determine the sources of researchers using purposive sampling. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method with gender structuration theory which is a combination of structuration theory and feminist analysis. The results of this study indicate that male dominance is still very strong in the mass media, this can be seen in terms of the number of female journalists in each company. In terms of wages, almost all have not received the same wages as male journalists and there is still violence received by women journalists in carrying out their duties. Violence received in the form of verbal and nonverbal violence and women journalists consider the violence that occurs is a risk of work. It is hoped that with this research companies, journalists and the public will become more aware of gender equality. The formation of a special organization for women journalists was also felt to be very important in solving the problems of women journalists.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keseimbangan antara jurnalis perempuan dan laki laki di media massa, dan pengalaman subyektif jurnalis perempuan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan narasumber dalam penelitian ini sebanyak lima orang dari media cetak dan media elektronik, untuk menentukan narasumber peneliti menggunakan proposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teori strukturasi gender yang merupakan perpaduan antara teori strukturasi dan analisis feminis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dominasi laki-laki masih sangat kuat dalam media massa hal ini terlihat dari segi jumlah jurnalis perempuan yang ada dalam setiap perusahaan. Dari segi pengupahan, hampir semua belum mendapatkan upah yang sama dengan jurnalis laki-laki serta masih adanya kekerasan yang diterima para jurnalis perempuan dalam melakukan tugasnya. Kekerasan yang diterima berupa kekerasan verbal dan nonverbal dan para jurnalis perempuan menganggap kekerasan yang terjadi merupakan resiko dari pekerjaan. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini perusahan, jurnalis dan masyarakat semakin sadar akan kesetaraan gender. Pembentukan organisasi khusus jurnalis perempuan juga dirasa sangat penting dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan jurnalis perempuan.
Hermeneutic circle in digital literation and its relevance as an antidote to hoax
Authors: Khasri M. Rodinal Khair
Published: January 2020

This article presents the results of the observations about digital literacy that were studied philosophically through Gadamer's hermeneutic approach. The reason for using this approach is to achieve an understanding of how the subject and its history play a role in the digital literacy process, where ontologically, the content of information has been visualized into the digital world so that a philosophical understanding is needed in understanding the virtual reality. This research is included in the classification of qualitative research with an analysis with three stages, namely reducing data that is very general and broad in a more specific form, and relevant to digital literacy and hermeneutics; then classifies the dimensions of digital literacy so that it is easy to determine the dimensions of the hermeneutics; interpret digital literacy to clarify the dimensions of hermeneutics in it, and concludes and draws relevance to efforts to overcome hoaxes. The results obtained from this study are on a hermeneutical analysis of the process of digital literacy as a catalyst for peace, that equalizing the elimination of discrimination at the historical-ego level can be achieved through the application of hermeneutical digital literacy that is by promoting dialectical historical understanding, where contemporary history dialecticism with the history of the past which is often claimed by certain groups as the heyday and the fruit of their work.Artikel ini mempresentasikan tentang hasil observasi peneliti tentang literasi digital yang dikaji secara filosofis melalui pendekatan hermeneutika Gadamer. Adapun alasan penggunaan pendekatan tersebut yakni untuk mencapai sebuah pemahaman tentang bagaimana subjek dan kesejarahannya berperan di dalam proses literasi digital, di mana secara ontologis, konten informasi telah divisualisasikan ke dalam dunia digital sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman yang filosofis di dalam memahami realitas virtual tersebut. Penelitian ini masuk ke dalam klasifikasi penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis dengan tiga tahap yaitu mereduksi data yang bersifat sangat umum dan luas ke dalam bentuk yang lebih spesifik, dan relevan dengan literasi digital dan hermeneutika; selanjutnya mengklasifikasikan dimensi literasi digital sehingga mudah untuk ditentukan dimensi hermeneutikanya; menginterpretasikan literasi digital dalam rangka memperjelas dimensi hermeneutika di dalamnya; serta menyimpulkan dan menarik relevansinya dengan upaya menanggulangi hoax. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pada sebuah analisis hermeneutis tentang proses literasi digital sebagai katalis perdamaian, bahwa penyetaraan penghapusan diskriminasi pada tataran ego-historis dapat dicapai melalui penerapan literasi digital yang bersifat hermeneutis yakni dengan mengedepankan pemahaman kesejarahan yang dialektis, di mana sejarah masa kini didialektikakan dengan sejarah masa lampau yang seringkali diklaim oleh kelompok-kelompok tertentu sebagai masa kejayaan dan buah kerja mereka.
Undergraduate Medical Students’ Search for Health Information Online: Explanatory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Loda Teresa , Erschens Rebecca , Junne Florian , Stengel Andreas , Zipfel Stephan , Herrmann-Werner Anne
Published: January 2020

Background

Previous research shows that being a “digital native” or growing up in a digital environment does not necessarily lead to increased digital competencies, such as digital health literacy or evaluation of webpage quality.

Objective

This study showed how medical students searched for health information online, specifically the recommended testing for histamine intolerance, by comparing the use of various search engines (Google, Medisuch, and a website of the student’s choice) to find out more about search strategies in future health professionals. As Medisuch presents a qualitatively better search engine, we assumed that medical students using this search engine might find valid information faster on more reliable webpages, and might recommend the correct diagnostic steps for histamine intolerance to their patients more often than students using a generic search engine like Google.

Methods

Medical students in their third year of study were asked to find the relevant diagnostic steps of histamine intolerance online. They were randomly assigned to use one search engine: Google, their personal choice, or Medisuch. Their process of seeking information online was video recorded.

Results

In total, 140 medical students participated in this study. The total number of webpages found did not differ among the groups (P=.52). Students using Medisuch (P=.02) correctly identified the elimination diet as a relevant diagnostic step more frequently. The provocation test was reported by almost half of the students independent of the search engine used. In general, medical students commonly identified trustworthy webpages in all three groups (Google: 36/44, 82%; free choice: 31/36; 86%; and Medisuch: 35/45, 78%).

Conclusions

The results indicate that medical students were able to find trustworthy health-related information online independent of the search engine used. Medical students that are digital natives seem to have proper internet skills and a knowledge of how to use them. They entered specific medical terms (evidence-based diagnostic steps) or names of reliable webpages (DocCheck) in the search engines to gain correct information. However, it remains to be seen if this behavior can be called true “digital literacy”.
¿Es el habla una señal crítica auto-organizada?
Authors: González Torre Iván , Artime Oriol , Hernández-Fernández Antoni , Luque Bartolo
Published: January 2020

A lo largo del siglo XX los estudios en lingüística cuantitativa han ido mostrando la aparición de leyes potenciales en las lenguas, primero en textos escritos y posteriormente en el habla. Son leyes que parecen ubicuas y robustas, pero ¿por qué aparecen en el lenguaje? ¿Son resultados espurios debidos a la arbitrariedad de la segmentación de las palabras, o realmente son universales de la comunicación compleja? ¿Podemos investigar la presencia de estas leyes en otros sistemas de comunicación animal de los que no conocemos el código? Los enfoques interdisciplinares y transdisciplinares en la lingüística y el estudio de los sistemas de comunicación se antojan imprescindibles.
Se exponen a modo de ejemplo dos estudios recientes realizados sobre corpus acústicos de hasta dieciséis lenguas, mediante un método general de segmentación de señales (método de los umbrales). Exploramos aquí la posibilidad de que las leyes estadísticas que emergen en el lenguaje sean fruto de un sistema crítico auto-organizado, al igual que otros fenómenos presentes en la Naturaleza. El método de los umbrales que se presenta permite analizar cualquier tipo de señal sin necesidad de conocer su codificación o segmentación. Esto abre nuevos caminos en la investigación lingüística permitiendo entre otras cosas realizar estudios comparativos entre el lenguaje humano y otros sistemas de comunicación animal.
Editorial
Authors: Miramontes Pedro
Published: January 2020

La criticalidad se refiere al estudio de aquellos sistemas de la Naturaleza, ya sea biológica, física o social que se encuentran cerca de un punto crítico. Este, a su vez, es un estado en el cual los sistemas tienen propiedades únicas: su función de correlación diverge, lo que cual quiere decir que el sistema se encuentra plenamente integrado; lo que sucede en una de sus partes afecta al resto. En los puntos de equilibrio los valores de algunas de las variables que caracterizan al sistema exhiben una distribución de ley de potencia. Esto es, existen pocos valores muy grandes, un número regular de valores regulares y muchos valores pequeños. Dentro de la infinidad de reglas de asociación que pueden seguir esta descripción verbal, aquellas cuya gráfica es una línea recta que desciende cuando se usan coordenadas logarítmicas, son leyes de potencia.
La figura del Testigo Social en el fortalecimiento de la transparencia en la Administración Pública Federal. Análisis del Perfil de los Testigos 2019
Authors: Pacheco Monroy Aeli Fabiola
Published: January 2020

Entre los mecanismos de participación ciudadana que involucran a la sociedad civil, el testigo social representa una figura precisa para menguar los riesgos de opacidad dentro de la contratación pública, es un componente que contribuye a la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el combate a la corrupción. Por lo que el presente documento argumenta que la potenciación del testigo social es indispensable para la vigilancia de las compras gubernamentales y el presupuesto público, así como para fomentar la cooperación entre el binomio sociedad-gobierno y con ello mejorar los procesos democráticos.
¿Tan lejos pero tan cerca? Estudio comparativo: Chávez - AMLO
Authors: Maldonado Juan Carlos Centeno
Published: January 2020

Con un destiempo de 20 años, Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías llega a la presidencia de Venezuela en 1998 y Andrés Manuel López Obrador a la de México en 2018. Mientras que los movimientos de izquierda suramericanos van de salida y se mantiene cuestionado a Nicolás Maduro por varias instancias internacionales, pareciera que apenas el proceso de cambio se inicia en México; una relación del Sur hasta el Norte. Las preguntas obligadas de todos los foros son: ¿qué tanto se parecen Chávez y AMLO? y ¿se convertirá México en una nueva Venezuela? Por tanto, y en base a la experiencia binacional y de campo de quien escribe, se pretende con datos objetivos, analizar desde su origen, las personalidades de ambos presidentes, su formación ideológica, su arribo al ejecutivo, y las características propias de un país con sistema bipartidista y otro con partido hegemónico. Un hombre que procede desde la institución castrense y otro que es civil y ambos con diferencias considerables de edad y con recorridos políticos distintos. Uno golpista y otro institucional. La propuesta es de carácter documental, histórico, comparado y de campo. Se trabaja con las historias de vida a través de trazos biográficos y trayectorias políticas de los personajes.
Estructura y función de las oxigenasas tipo Rieske/mononuclear
Authors: Carrillo-Campos Javier
Published: January 2020

Las oxigenasas Rieske/mononuclear son un grupo de metaloenzimas que catalizan la oxidación de una variedad de compuestos, destaca su participación en la degradación de compuestos xenobióticos contaminantes; estas enzimas también participan en la biosíntesis de algunos compuestos de interés comercial. Poseen una amplia especificidad por el sustrato, convirtiéndolas en un grupo de enzimas con un alto potencial de aplicación en procesos biotecnológicos que hasta el momento no ha sido explotado. La presente revisión aborda aspectos generales acerca de la función y estructura de este importante grupo de enzimas.
Assessment of In-Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva Javanica Linn. Flowering Tops
Authors: Khunteta Alok , Swarnkar Surendra K , Gupta Manish Kumar , Swarnkar Aruna , Jain Pankaj , Paliwal Sarvesh
Published: January 2020

Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) is a grey coloured woolly perennial tomentose shrub. Its traditional and folklore usage motivates further investigation on its pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological potential. Therefore, in order to establish its antioxidant potential, DPPH, SOD and superoxide scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Hydro-alcoholic extract (CE) was prepared from flowering tops of A. javanica. In order to work further on activity guided fractions, ethyl acetate (AJEAF) fraction was prepared.  For in-vitro evaluation, ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant compound. In DPPH assay IC50 was determined as 89.00 µg/ml, as compared with standard ascorbic acid with IC50 21.80 µg/ml, with a concentration dependent scavenging of free radical. Superoxide scavenging potential in terms of SOD expressed as IC50, was determined as 61.904 µg /ml for AJEAF in contrast to 132.413 µg /ml for standard ascorbic acid. This was equivalent to 16.154 Eq SOD units /mg (EAF) per mg of sample respectively against 7.552 Eq SOD units /mg of standard. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 283.67 mg Ascorbic acid Eq /g. Results indicated that fraction (AJEAF had significant antioxidant potential which expressed the prospective potential of fraction against metabolic disorders.
Formulation, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Cetrizine HCL Oral Disintegrating Tablets
Authors: PASUPULATI HARITHA , PHALGUNA Y , RUDRA SANDHYA
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this work is to formulate and evaluate Cetirizine HCl MFDT’s using different concentrations of superdisintegrants like croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and their combinations in different ratios. The in vitro disintegration time of Cetrizine Hcl prepared by direct compression method by super disintegrates were found to be in the range of 18 to 11sec fulfilling the official requirements. The bulk density and tapped bulk density for the entire formulation blend varied from 0.508 gm/cc to 0.5438 gm/cc and 0.5941 to 0.6408 respectively. The friability was found in all designed formulations in the range 0.42 to 0.74% to be well within the approved range (<1%). The weight variation was found in all designed formulation in the range 97 to 102 mg. The wetting time were found to be in the range of 11 to 18sec. Water absorption ratio for all the formulations found in the range 11 to 16%.combination of sodium starch glycolate and cross carmellose sodium (6% of 25%-ssg&75%ccs)) promotes dissolution rate of drug release when compared to formulation of SSG & CCS alone. It may be due to capillary and wicking mechanism of SSG & CCS.

 

Keywords:
Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Betahistine Hydrochloride microspheres by Emulsification Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Wathore Sandeep A
Published: January 2020

The formulation of floating microspheres of Betahistine hydrochloride by the o/w emulsification and solvent evaporation method in the presence of tween 80 as an emulsifying agent. The influence of formulation factor Drug: Polymer ratio on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and invitro release characteristics of the microspheres were investigated. The microspheres have been analyzed for their size, drug loading capacity and drug release study. Spherical and smooth surfaced microspheres with desired encapsulation efficiencies were obtained. Slow drug release from microspheres observed up to 12 h. for formulation F4, F5. Optimized formulation F4 was evaluated for FTIR, DSC, SEM. DSC and FTIR studies showed that the nature of pure drug Betahistine hydrochloride remains unaffected till the completion of process of microspheres formation. SEM photographs showed that the Floating microspheres were spherical in nature with smooth surface and uniform distribution of the drug within the microsphere.

Keywords:
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol And Fraction of Buni Leaves (Antidesma Bunius L.) on White Rat In Carrageenan Induced Paw Inflammation
Authors: Kautsar Lintang , Sitorus Panal , Dalimunthe Aminah
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect ethanol extract and fraction of buni leaves (Antidesma bunius L.) in term of decreased edema volume of male white rat in 1% carrageenan-induced and also to determine the effective dose

Design: The design of this study was experimental, where the extraction and fraction of buni leaves were tested for inflammation inhibition value ​​in carrageenan-induced white rats.The inflammatory activity test was divided 6 groups. The Group I (negative control) was given CMC 0.5%, Group II (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 2,25 mg/kg bw (body weight), while Group III, IV, V and VI were given buni leaves extract and fraction at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgbw respectively

Interventions: The variable that was intervened in this study was the concentration of extract used

Main outcome measure: The main measurement results in this study were to know the extracts and fractions which are capable inhibitor volume of edema in the carrageenan-induced rat paw

Results: the anti-inflammatory effects from buni leaves exhibited the most effective activity to reduce edema in the rat paw i.e. EEDB 200 mg / kg bw and FEADB 200 mg / kg bw showing the same value of against positive control

Conclusion: ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction buni leaves(Antidesma bunius L.) has an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw.
Study of Forced Degradation Behaviour of a Novel Anti-Platelet Drug of Vorapaxar by Uplc-Ms/Ms
Authors: Tammisetty Mohanrao  , Dr.Ch.Balasekhara Reddy  , Dr.P.Srinivasa Babu
Published: January 2020

A sensitive, precise, specific, linear and stability indicating isocratic UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of vorpaxar as per  ICH guidelines Q1A (R2).  Various forced  degradation studies were conducted to establish an impurity profile for vorpaxar. Degradation products were produced upon exposing vorpaxar to different degradation conditions (acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, aqueous and thermal); the chromatographic separation was achieved with 5mM Ammonium Format Buffer (pH: 4.0): Methanol: Acetonitrile, (40:30:30, % v/v) using the Pursuit XRs-100Å, C18, 4.6 x 50 mm, 10 µm analytical column. The total analysis time was 3.5 min and flow rate was set to 0.2 ml/min. The mass transitions of vorapaxar and vorapaxar-D5 obtained were m/z 591.4/447.2 and 498.6/447.2. The standard curve shows correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999 with a range of 35.0-105.0 pg/ml using linear regression model. The drug showed instability in the solution state (under acidic, alkaline and oxidative stress conditions), but it was relatively stable in the solid-state, at thermal and photo degradation conditions.