bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tatlısu Istakozunun (Pontastacus leptodactylus) Çeltik (Oryza sativa L.) İle Birlikte Polikültür Yetiştiriciliğinde İdeal Stok Oranlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: BERBER Selçuk , KALE Semih , BULUT Musa , İZCİ Bahri
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma ile kontrollü ortamda çeltik–kerevit polikültür
yetiştiriciliğinde ideal stok oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu
kapsamda, çeltik tarımı yapılan alanların tarla balıkçılığı açısından
değerlendirilmesi için yumurtalı dişi tatlısu ıstakozlarından laboratuvar
ortamında temin edilen yavru bireyler kontrollü ortamda çeltik ekili alanlara
farklı stok oranlarında (25 birey m2, 50 birey m-2 ve 100
birey m-2) yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda tatlısu ıstakozu
yavruları için hayatta kalma (%72) ile boy ve ağırlık yönünden en iyi büyümenin
25 birey m-2 stok yoğunluğu olan ortamda gerçekleştiği tespit
edilmiştir (p<0.05). Ülkemizde kerevit yavru besleme çalışmaları ile
karşılaştırıldığında bulguların önemli derecede farklı olduğu görülmüştür.
Araştırma sonuçları kerevit yetiştiriciliği için alternatif bir yöntem olan
çeltik–kerevit yetiştiriciliğinde en iyi verimin, stok yoğunluğunun 25 birey m-2
olacak şekilde uygulanması ile alınabileceğini göstermiştir. Çalışmanın
çeltik–kerevit yetiştiriciliği açısından ilerideki çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Impact of Cadmium and Lead Heavy Metal Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology of Rocket (Eruca sativa L.)
Authors: YILDIRIM Ertan , EKİNCİ Melek , TURAN Metin , AGAR Güleray , ÖRS Selda , DURSUN Atilla , KUL Raziye , BALCI Tayfun
Published: May 2019

This
study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cadmium (Cd) (0, 100, 150 and
200 mg kg-1) and lead (Pb) (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg kg-1)
on morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) in greenhouse
conditions. Plant growth, some physiological (membrane permeability, relative
water content, stomal conductance, etc.) and biochemical (antioxidant enzyme
activity, proline and sucrose content) parameters of rocket plants were altered
with Cd and Pb levels. The Cd and Pb content in rocket increased with elevated
concentration. Both Cd and Pb stress conditions negatively affected plant
growth, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content. The negative effect of
heavy metals elevated with increased doses of Cd and Pb. The treatment of Cd
and Pb significantly elevated antioxidant enzyme
activities.
Furthermore, the heavy metal stressed plants had more malondialdehyde
(MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline and sucrose as
compared to control plants. This study indicated that rocket plants developed
defense mechanisms by regulating enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation
against heavy metal stress.
Pestisitlerin ve Odun Sirkesinin Bazı Mikrobiyal ve Fiziko-kimyasal Toprak Parametrelerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: KOÇ İbrahim , YARDIM Erdal Necip
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma, buğday agro-ekosisteminde kullanılan pestisitler ve odun
sirkesinin toprakta bulunan fungal ile bakteriyel mikroorganizmalar ve toprak
pH ile EC değerlerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma,
2014-2015 ve 2015-2016’da tarla denemesi şeklinde tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde dört tekerrürlü
olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede kullanılan odun sirkesi ve pestisitler sırt pülverizatörü
yardımıyla 1) pestisit
muamelesi, 2) pestisit muamelesine karşılık gelen %0.5,  %1, %2, %3, %4 ile %5 ml odun sirkesi
muameleleri ve 3) sadece şebeke suyu verilen kontrol muameleleri şeklinde
yapılmıştır. Deneme alanı toprak örneklerinden Aspergillus
niger, Penicillium digitatum ve Penicillium italicum mikrofungus türleri izole edilmiştir. Pestisit
ve odun sirkesi muamelelerinin,
araştırılan parametrelere etkisini belirlemek
amacıyla tekrarlanan
ölçümlü varyans analizi
yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, muamelelerin belirlenen özellikleri
istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeylerde etkilemediği (P>0.612), buna karşın
muamele öncesi ve sonrası arasındaki farkların önemli olduğu görülmüştür
(P=0.000). Sonuç olarak, kullanılan pestisit ve odun sirkesinin belirlenen
parametreler üzerinde olumsuz bir etki göstermediği sonucuna varılabilir.
Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Çeşitlerinde Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Korelasyon ve Path Analizi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Hüseyin , DUMLUPINAR Ziya
Published: May 2019

Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de tescil
edilmiş bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde tane verimi ile verim unsurları ve
bazı kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve path analizi
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 18 adet ticari ekmeklik buğday çeşidi  kullanılarak, 2016-17 ve
2017-18 ürün yıllarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü
olarak Bolu ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. İki
yıllık verilere göre; tane verimi ile bitki boyu
(0.755**) arasında olumlu ve önemli, başaklanma süresi (0.118), başak uzunluğu
(0.141), başakta başakçık sayısı (0.210), başakta tane sayısı (0.223), 1000
tane ağırlığı (0.015) ve gluten oranı (0.274) arasında ise olumlu ilişkiler
bulunmuştur. Path analizi sonuçlarına göre; tane verimi üzerine bitki boyu (p=
0.8984, % 76.73), başaklanma süresi (p= 0.3935, % 21.53), başakta tane sayısı
(p= 0.6048, % 29.33), hektolitre ağırlığı (p= 0.9446, % 41.06) ve gluten oranı
(p= 0.4310, % 28.86) doğrudan ve yüksek derecede olumlu, başakta başakçık
sayısı (p= -0.8489, % 38.04) ve protein oranının (p= -0.9257, %39.04) ise
yüksek, ancak olumsuz bir etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Bolu koşullarında
yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında, tane verimi ile olumlu ilişkisi olan
özelliklerin seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Comparison of backward flow values in the sharp focus of light fields with polarization and phase singularity
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A.G. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Stafeev S.S. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: May 2019

Using Jones matrices and vectors, we show that an optical metasurface composed of a set of subwavelength binary diffraction gratings and characterized by an anisotropic transmittance described by a polarization rotation matrix by the angle mφ, where φ is the polar angle, forms an m-th order azimuthally or radially polarized beam when illuminated by linearly polarized light, generating an optical vortex with the topological charge m upon illumination by circularly polarized light. Such a polarization-phase converter (PPC) performs a spin-orbit transformation, similar to that performed by liquid-crystal q-plates. Using a FDTD method, it is numerically shown that when illuminating the PPC by a uniformly (linearly or circularly) polarized field with topological charge m = 2 and then focusing the output beam with a binary zone plate, a reverse on-axis light flow is formed, being comparable in magnitude with the direct optical flow. Moreover, the reverse flows obtained when focusing the circularly polarized optical vortex with the topological charge m = 2 and the second-order polarization vortex are shown to be the same in magnitude.
Formation of required distributions on the basis of decomposition by vortex eigen functions of a bounded non-paraxial propagation operator
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Khonina S.N. ,   Samara National Research University, Volotovsky S.G. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kirilenko M.S. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: May 2019

The solution of the problem of overcoming the diffraction limit based on the representation of an optical signal in the form of a superposition of communication modes matched with the vortex eigenfunctions of a bounded (in the object and spectral regions) nonparaxial propagation operator in free space is considered. Nonparaxial propagation of laser beams is described using an expansion in terms of conic waves based on the m-th order Fourier-Hankel transform. The eigenfunctions of such an operator, which have near-unity eigenvalues, determine the number of degrees of freedom and characteristics of an optical signal transmitted without distortion over a given distance. Based on the considered approach, a parametric method was developed for solving the inverse diffraction problem, including overcoming the diffraction limit.
Formation of an elongated region of energy backflow using ring apertures
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Stafeev S.S. ,   Samara National Research University, Kotlyar V.V. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we have investigated the focusing of a second-order cylindrical vector beam by using a high numerical aperture (NA) lens limited by a ring aperture using the Richards-Wolf formulae. It was shown that the range of negative on-axis projections of the Poynting vector could be increased by increasing the depth of focus through the use of a ring aperture. It was shown that when focusing light with a lens with NA = 0.95, the use of a ring aperture limiting the entrance pupil angle to 0.9 of maximum, allows the depth of the region of negative on-axis Poynting vector projections to be four times increased, with the region width remaining almost unchanged and varying from 0.357 to 0.352 of the incident wavelength. Notably, the magnitude of the reverse energy flow was found to be larger than the direct one by a factor of 2.5.
The influence of additional phase modulation of an amplitude liquid crystal STLM on the image recognition characteristics in the invariant optical digital correlator
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Goncharov D.S. , Evtikhiev N.N. ,   National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Krasnov V.V. ,   National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Ponomarev N.M. ,   National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Starikov R.S. ,   National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”
Published: May 2019

We present the results of measurements of additional phase modulation characteristics of a serial amplitude liquid crystal spatial light modulator HoloEye LC 2002. It is found in which way the phase shift of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator depends on the applied signal. The mathematical simulation of the performance of an invariant diffractive optical-digital correlator based on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator with the amplitude-dependent phase shift is carried out using previously measured data. The correlation filters used in the work are an optimal tradeoff maximum average correlation height filter and a minimum noise and correlation energy optical correlation filter. A method for correlation filters optimization was proposed to compensate for the recognition error caused by the presence of the additional phase modulation. In some cases, the optimization allows one not only to compensate for the recognition error, but also to reduce it.
Approaches to the algorithmization of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Antonov A.I. , Vasin L.A. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Greisukh G.I. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: May 2019

Coefficients required for the algorithmization and implementation of the rigorous coupled-waves analysis are derived for a Fourier series expansion of the permittivity of a linear-sawtooth relief with positive tangent of the working surface angle and vertical backward slope. Approaches to the implementation of the rigorous coupled-waves analysis are described and compared in terms of stability and efficiency, namely, the approach of a purposeful transformation of the transmission matrix and the approach of Gaussian illuminations. It was concluded that the most appropriate approach for determining the diffraction efficiency for cases of deep diffraction structures is the approach of purposeful transformation of the transmission matrix.
Extrinsic calibration of stereo camera and three-dimensional laser scanner
Authors:   Joint Stock Company ", Abramenko A.A. ,   Scientific Design Bureau of Computing Systems"
Published: May 2019

The paper describes an approach that allows solving the problem of extrinsic calibration of a multi-beam lidar and a stereo camera. The approach does not impose any restrictions on the place in which calibration should be performed. Calibration is performed using a calibration board, which is a flat rectangle with special markers. Three-dimensional correspondences are used for calibration. First, a search for the three-dimensional coordinates of the corner points of the calibration board in the coordinate systems of the stereo pair cameras as well as in the coordinate system of the lidar is made. Next, using the optimization methods, calibration parameters are calculated. The results of a series of virtual and real experiments show that the algorithm allows the calibration to be performed with an accuracy comparable to that of sensors. The proposed approach allows one to improve the calibration accuracy due to the simultaneous use of information from two cameras of the stereo pair and is suitable for lidars with both the low and high point density.
Features of the amplification of the electromagnetic field and the density of states of photonic crystal structures in plants
Authors:   Kirensky Institute of Physics, Shabanov A.V. , Korshunov M.A. ,   Kirensky Institute of Physics, Bukhanov E.R. ,   Kirensky Institute of Physics
Published: May 2019

Calculations were performed using the transfer matrix of one-dimensional photonic crystals with low contrast and asymmetric structures of different periods. Such structures have been found in many plants. When joining two successively connected sublattices with different periods, an increase is observed in the amplitude of the electromagnetic field and the density of photon states inside the structure, and their change depends on the asymmetry of the thickness of the sublattices
Face DetectNet: face detection via fully-convolutional network
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modeling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lapko A.V. , Lapko V.A. ,   Institute of Computational Modeling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with a new method of testing hypotheses for the distribution of multidimensional remote sensing spectral data. The proposed technique is based on the use of nonparametric algorithms for pattern recognition. Testing the hypothesis of the identity of two laws of distributions of multidimensional random variables is replaced by testing a hypothesis stating that the pattern recognition error equals 0.5. The application of this technique allows doing without the decomposition of the random variable domain into multidimensional intervals, which is typical for the Pearson criterion. Its effectiveness is confirmed by the results of testing the hypotheses of the distribution of spectral data of remote sensing in forestry. The analysis of the distribution laws for the following types of forestry is carried out: dark coniferous forest, damaged and dry forest stands. The initial information was obtained from the southern Siberia remote sensing data using six spectral channels of Landsat. The results of the research form a basis for a set of significant spectral features when dealing with forest condition monitoring.
Unsupervised color texture segmentation based on multi-scale region-level Markov random field models
Authors:   School of Computer and Information Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Song X. ,   Collaborative Innovation Center of International Dissemination of Chinese Language Henan Province,   Henan Key Laboratory of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Information Processing, Wu L. ,   School of Computer and Information Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Liu G. ,   School of Computer and Information Engineering, Anyang Normal University,   Collaborative Innovation Center of International Dissemination of Chinese Language Henan Province,   Henan Key Laboratory of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Information Processing
Published: May 2019

In the field of color texture segmentation, region-level Markov random field model (RMRF) has become a focal problem because of its efficiency in modeling the large-range spatial constraints. However, the RMRF defined on a single scale cannot describe the un-stationary essence of the image, which highly limits its robustness. Hence, by combining wavelet transformation and the RMRF model, we present a multi-scale RMRF (MsRMRF) model in wavelet domainin this paper. In the Bayesian framework, the proposed model seamlessly integrates the multi-scale information stemmed from both the original image and the region-level spatial constraints. Therefore, the new model can accurately describe the characteristics of different kinds of texture. Based on MsRMRF, an unsupervised segmentation algorithm is designed for segmenting color texture images. Both synthetic color texture images and remote sensing images are employed in the comparative experiments, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate segmentation results than the competitors.
Copy move forgery detection using key point localized super pixel based on texture features
Authors:   Research scholar Roll No:12332, Dept. of Computer Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajalakshmi C. , Germanus Al.M. ,   Research scholar Roll No:12332, Dept. of Computer Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,   Dept. of Computer Science, Kamarajar Government Arts College, Balasubramanian R. ,   Research scholar Roll No:12332, Dept. of Computer Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,   Dept. of Computer Science & Engg., Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Published: May 2019

The most important barrier in the image forensic is to ensue a forgery detection method such can detect the copied region which sustains rotation, scaling reflection, compressing or all. Traditional SIFT method is not good enough to yield good result. Matching accuracy is not good. In order to improve the accuracy in copy move forgery detection, this paper suggests a forgery detection method especially for copy move attack using Key Point Localized Super Pixel (KLSP). The proposed approach harmonizes both Super Pixel Segmentation using Lazy Random Walk (LRW) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) based key point extraction. The experimental result indicates the proposed KLSP approach achieves better performance than the previous well known approaches.
Efficiency of object identification for binary images
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Magdeev R. ,   Telekom.ru LLC, Tashlinskii Al. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the correlation-extreme method, the method of contour analysis and the method of stochastic gradient identification in the objects identification for a binary image is carried out. The results are obtained for a situation where possible deformations of an identified object with respect to a pattern can be reduced to a similarity model, that is, the pattern and the object may differ in scale, orientation angle, shift along the base axes, and additive noise. The identification of an object is understood as the recognition of its image with an estimate of the strain parameters relative to the template.
Complex analysis and monitoring of the environment based on earth sensing data
Authors:   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University, Lebedev L.I. , Yasakov Yu.V. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University, Utesheva T.H. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University, Gromov V.P. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University, Borusjak A.V. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University, Turlapov V.E. ,   N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University
Published: May 2019

We study a problem of complex analysis and monitoring of the environment based on Earth Sensing Data, with the emphasis on the use of hyperspectral images (HSI), and propose a solution based on developing algorithmic procedures for HSI processing and storage. HSI is considered as a two-dimensional field of pixel signatures. Methods are proposed for evaluating the similarity of a HSI pixel signature with a reference signature, via simple alignment transformations: identical; amplitude scaling; shift along y-axis; and a combination of the last two. A clustering / recognition method with self-learning is proposed, which determines values of the transformation parameters that ensure the alignment of the current pixel signature with the reference signature. Similarity with the reference is determined by a standard deviation value. A HSI compression method with controlled losses has been proposed. The method forms a basis via accumulating reference signatures and represents the rest of the signatures by parameters matching them with the already detected class-reference signature. In an experiment with the GSI f100520t01p00-12 data of the AVIRIS spectrometer, the method provided a 2 % loss and compression coefficients of the original HSI ranging from 43 to 165 for various types of alignment transformation, while not requiring archiving and thus maintaining active access to the HSI and using the list of references as an analogue of the HSI palette. An algorithm for the formation of dense groups of detectable objects (for example, oil spots) and their nonconvex contouring, controlled by 4 parameters, is proposed. A pilot version of the concept of geographic information system (GIS) and an appropriate database management system (DBMS) was built and implemented, which provides monitoring and is based on the prioritized processing and storage of the HSI, which serve as a data source for the system. A laboratory complex with new algorithms for processing and storing the GSE is introduced into the structure of the system.
A munkaerőhiány néhány kérdése a közép-magyarországi régióban – empirikus vizsgálat alapján
Authors: Poór József , Juhász Tímea , Hámori Tamás , Karácsony Péter , Machova Renata , Csapó Ildikó
Published: May 2019

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Comparing Neurocognitive Profile of Patients with Borderline Personality and Bipolar–II Disorders
Authors: Akbari Valiolah , Rahmatinejad Parvin , Mohammadi Seyed Davood
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study was conducted to compare neurocognitive profile in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II) and to find whether BPD can be classified as one of bipolar spectrum disorders.
Method: A total of 35 patients with BPD and 35 euthymic patients with BDII disorder were selected by convenience sampling method. These 2 groups were compared with 30 healthy individuals using neurocognitive battery tests that assessed cognitive flexibility and set-shifting, response inhibition, problem-solving, decision-making, and sustained and selective attention. Data were analyzed using independent t test, X2 and ANOVA.
Results: Patients with euthymic BDII and BPD had poorer performance than the healthy group in most neurocognitive domains (p<0.05). Both patient groups showed similar functions in cognitive flexibility and set-shifting, decision-making, sustained and selective attention, and problem-solving (p<0.05). BPD patients had more elevated response inhibition deficits than BD-II patients (P<0.05). Also, BPD patients had poorer performance in planning compared to BD-II patients (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results provided empirical support for previous findings which have reported that patients with BPD and BD-II show neurocognitive dysfunctions. Despite the similarity between these 2 clinical groups in terms of neurocognitive profile in this study, more extensive studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that BPD can be conceptualized as one of bipolar spectrum disorders.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Adult Population: Results of Yazd Health Study
Authors: Mirzaei Mohsen , Yasini Ardekani Seyed Mojtaba , Mirzaei Masoud , Dehghani Ali
Published: May 2019

Objective: The burden of mental disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in Yazd adult population and to examine the associated socioeconomic factors.
Method: In a 2-step cluster sampling process, 10 000 residents of Yazd Greater Area (200 clusters of 50) were selected during 2014-2015. The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) Questionnaire was used to assess relevant depression, anxiety, and stress. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 16.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress were seen in 29%, 32.2%, and 34.8% of adult residents of Yazd Greater Area, respectively. The symptoms of the disorders were moderate, severe, and very severe in 18.2%, 20.2%, and 23.4% of the population, respectively. Also, a significant difference was found between the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and sex, age group, education, employment, marriage status, and country of birth. Of the total population under study, 3.7% were depressed, 7.7% were anxious, 9.5% had stress alone and 16.4% had symptoms of all the 3 disorders. Frequency of depression among Zoroastrians was more than muslims (42.1% vs 29.7%).
Conclusion: Despite achievemments in higher education and economic development of Yazd population over the past 2 decades, the trend of these disorders has alarmingly been increased. Considering the findings, it is necessary to develop evidence-based and appropriate community-based primary and secondary mental health prevention programs
From Planned to Transformative Urbanization: Analyzing India’s Policies of Urban Rejuvenation
Authors: Bholey Mihir
Published: May 2019

This paper examines India’s urban challenges, successive policies of urban development and their impact on the much needed urban transformation. It examines successive policies, plans, and approaches to meet the ever rising urban challenges from the first Five Year Plan till the end of planning era and also underscores the highlights of urban planning through the entire five-year plan period. In the process, it investigates whether the ubiquitous urban deficit in India is actually due to the so-called 'reluctant urbanization' and whether the current policy of creating hundred smart cities can lead to urban transformation in India. This paper is based on the analysis of the available secondary data from various sources. By critically examining the available secondary data this paper explores whether India’s urban deficit is a result of poor planning or lack of long term vision and strategy to meet the emerging urban challenges. This paper also critically looks into the emerging ICT-driven paradigms and design of the ‘smart cities’ as models of urban transformation and juxtaposes them to India's own vision of creating hundred smart cities to ensure urban transformation. The paper concludes that any urban transformation should be socially inclusive, economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Technology should not be the end rather the means for bringing urban transformation and building smart cities.
Factors Impeding Food Security in Akutupa-Kiri, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Oluwaseyi OLORUNFEMI
Published: May 2019

There has been refurbished interest in food security related issues in many developing countries of the world. In fact, the concern about the eradication of poverty and hunger form a major objective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet poverty and hunger still persist due to food shortage and insecurity as a result of increased global food demand, diminishing global food reserves, erratic climatic condition, and increased cost of transportation among others. Before now, various agricultural policies measures have been formulated to curb food security challenges in Nigeria. Unfortunately, these policies have not produced the desired results of the increase in food production. This study examined the factors impeding food security in Akutupa-Kiri, Nigeria. A structured and self-administered questionnaire using systematic sampling technique was used to collect data from a total of 194 (one hundred and ninety-four) household heads farmers representing 2% of the entire population in the study area. The data were presented using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency and percentages. Weighted means were used to determine the predominant factors impeding food security in the study area. Findings revealed that poverty (M.W=5.00), poor road transportation (M.W=5.00), inadequate social amenities (M.W=5.00) and lack of government support and assistance (M.W=5.00) were the most significant factors impeding food security in Akutupa-Kiri. The study recommends that there is a need for improvement in sustainable food security in the study area and Nigeria at large through the provision of adequate road transportation. Effort should be made by the government to render substantial support to the peasant farmers and as well ensure that agricultural policies formulation target these peasants farmers and their rural environments for the purpose of sustainable food security in the nation.
Propriedades e Aplicações de Quitosana
Authors: Campana Filho Sergio Paulo , Signini Roberta , Cardoso Márcia Barreto
Published: May 2019

Alguns dos principais aspectos relativos à ocorrência na biomassa, preparação, características, propriedades e aplicações de quitina, quitosana e derivados são discutidos. O caráter renovável das matérias-primas empregadas para a produção desses polímeros bem como suas características, tais como biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade, são destacadas. As principais aplicações de quitosana são discutidas, com ênfase nas aplicações destinadas ao desenvolvimento de sistemas para a liberação controlada de fármacos. Outras aplicações, incluindo aquelas voltadas para o desenvolvimento de sensores eletrônicos, como a “língua eletrônica”, e para a formulação de fl uidos para exploração de petróleo, são mencionadas.
Análise Quantitativa do Solvente em Cristais
Authors: Napolitano Hamilton B. , Oliveira Solemar S. , Camargo Ademir J. , Trapani Stefano , Oliva Glaucius
Published: May 2019

Um importante passo na determinação de estrutura cristalina de proteínas é a estimativa do conteúdo de solvente cristalino. O cálculo do conteúdo de solvente cristalino é normalmente baseado na estimativa do Volume de Matthews (VM). A estimativa do VM nem sempre conduz a uma única escolha para o número de moléculas de proteínas na cela unitária, em especial quando esse número é elevado. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma avaliação teórica – baseado no teorema de Parseval para a transformada de Fourier e a distribuição estatística de Wilson – da relação entre a soma de todas as intensidades experimentais difratadas e o número de átomos ordenados encontrados na cela unitária.
Aplicação de Polissacarídeos como Fase Estacionária em Análise Cromatográfica de Cátions
Authors: Moura Ellen C. G. , Signini Roberta , Tavares2 Maria G. O. , Oliveira Guilherme R.
Published: May 2019

O aproveitamento da biomassa vegetal é importante para o desenvolvimento das diversas áreas da ciência e tecnologia. Dentre os componentes macromoleculares importantes da biomassa vegetal estão a celulose e a quitina, sendo que o tratamento químico do segundo polissacarídeo leva a produção da quitosana. Neste trabalho, a celulose e a celulose impregnada com quitosana foram utilizadas como suporte cromatográfico para a separação de cátions metálicos, cobre, zinco, ferro e chumbo. A impregnação das placas cromatográficas com quitosana melhorou a separação e a resolução das análises e, paralelamente, observou-se que a maior a concentração de quitosana nas camadas de celulose aumenta a retenção dos íons Cu2+ e Zn2+, o mesmo não acontecendo com o Pb2+ e Fe2+. Com relação às análises cromatográficas de adsorção dos mesmos íon metálicos, utilizando-se quitosana em comparação com a quitina como fase estacionária, constatouse que, a quitosana, apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à recuperação dos íons Zn2+ e Cu2+(95,6% para o cobre e 24,9% para o zinco) quando se usou a maior massa (3,0g) e a menor granulometria (< 0,08mm). Diferente da quitina que recuperou melhor o íon Fe2+(62%) em meio ácido do que os outros íons.
Analisis Pengeluaran Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Ketimpangan Upah Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia
Authors: Prasetya Lalu Muhammad Azmi , Pudjihardjo M. , Badriyah Nurul
Published: May 2019

This study analyses the effect of foreign tourist expenditure, government expenditure and foreign investment on wage inequality between skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour in the Indonesian tourism sector. The study uses time series data with a period of 22 years. The method used is Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that foreign tourist expenditure and government expenditure increase inequality in the short term, but in the long run can reduce wage inequality. Meanwhile, foreign investment increases inequality both in the short and long term. ================================ Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pengeluaran wisatawan mancanegara, pengeluaran pemerintah dan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan upah antara tenaga kerja terampil, semi terampil, dan tidak terampil di sektor pariwisata Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data time series dengan periode waktu 22 tahun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran wisatawan dan pemerintah meningkatkan ketimpangan dalam jangka pendek, namun dalam jangka panjang mampu menurunkan ketimpangan upah. Investasi asing meningkatkan ketimpangan, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.
HLA-B*5701 Allele Prevalence in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients from Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Buitrago Ernesto , Oñate José Millán , García-Goez José Fernando , Álvarez Jorge , Lenis William , Sañudo Luz Marina , Rubiano Luisa Consuelo
Published: May 2019

Introduction

HLA-B*5701 allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. Due to the lack of knowledge of HLA-B*5701 prevalence in Colombia, routine screening is not performed and is not recommended by the national guidelines. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in HIV population from Colombia.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included naïve HIV-infected adults from 13 cities of the country. The presence of HLA-B*5701 was determined by using SSP-PCR in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified by sex, race, and region of origin.

Results

HLA-B*5701 allele prevalence in Colombian HIV-infected individuals was 2.7%. When stratifying for the race, the prevalence was 4% for whites, 2.6% for other race (mainly mestizo), and 1.9% for Afro-Colombians. The prevalence varied from 0% up to 11.4% depending on the department of origin. The highest prevalence rates were found in Caldas (11.4%), Antioquia (5%), Risaralda (4.8%), and Valle del Cauca (4.3%). When distributed by country zones, the central, with a racial predominance of Caucasians and mestizos, was the highest (6.0%).

Discussion

The overall prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in Colombia was lower than the reported rates for other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, and Argentina, but higher in comparison to Chile and Mexico. The diversity in the racial and ethnic heritage shown in our data supports the recommendation to implement routine screening for the HLA-B*5701 allele before initiation of abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in the Colombian HIV management guidelines.
La transparencia de la palabra
Authors: Guevara Aristizábal Juan Felipe
Published: May 2019

Si la palabra es transparente, será necesario distinguir lo que resulta transparente a través suyo, de lo que no. Quizá nos parezca familiar y poco problemático afirmar que, en la palabra, si no se hacen transparentes unos contenidos o referentes específicos, sí se transparenta una disposición o un proceso mental. Así ocurre, por ejemplo, con la propuesta de Miranda Fricker (2017) en torno al concepto de injusticia epistémica, en general, y al de injusticia testimonial, en particular. La constitución del testimonio a través de la palabra le sirve a Fricker como punto de partida para su análisis. Sin embargo, la responsabilidad por la injusticia de la cual ella habla no recae directamente sobre el testimonio y quien lo enuncia, sino sobre quien lo escucha, de modo que el oyente incurre en una injusticia cuando menosprecia el valor epistémico de un testimonio basándose en prejuicios raciales, de clase o de género, por mencionar algunos. Los prejuicios ponen de relieve la presencia de estructuras asimétricas de poder susceptibles de someter a determinados sujetos al silencio, a no ser escuchados. El oyente, no obstante, constituye el centro de atención de Fricker por su capacidad reflexiva, misma que le permite vislumbrar sus prejuicios, modificar sus actitudes en relación a sus interlocutores e incrementar sus virtudes epistémicas mediante este proceso de reflexión y autocorrección continua.
Algunas vicisitudes del odio y de la intolerancia a la alteridad en el discurso freudiano
Authors: Orozco Guzmán Mario , Quiroz Bautista Jeannet , Soria Escalante Hada
Published: May 2019

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis teórico desde el discurso de Freud acerca de las vicisitudes de las posiciones subjetivas del odio insertadas en dinámicas de intolerancia a la alteridad y a la diferencia. El método utilizado fue la revisión teórica documental y la  de los textos como apertura de sentido, haciendo un recorrido por la obra de Freud, así como por otros referentes del pensamiento psicoanalítico. El objetivo consiste en analizar las incidencias del odio como problemática de actualidad, enlazando al psicoanálisis con las dimensiones sociales y culturales. Como resultado se puede revelar el papel fundante del odio en las relaciones con la alteridad inserta en el mundo exterior y se vislumbra la ilusoria alteridad amable del narcisismo. Así como se detectan los efectos delirantes del rechazo de la identidad amorosa homosexual. Se concluye el despliegue de la diferencia como riesgo y amenaza al narcisismo de la posición fálica o del amor de sí, mostrando un escenario del odio a las pequeñas diferencias, bajo el moldeamiento de un estado de suspicacia feroz volcado en una postura de intransigencia que se extiende desde el mítico padre primordial hasta el Dios celoso de su unicidad.
Review of Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Maneuvers and Modalities in Management of Knee Pain Due to Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sumreen Zubaida
Published: May 2019

Background: Exercise and other rehabilitation strategies are not frequently prescribed, although they are recommended by all published guidelines.1 There is limited access and affordability to multiple pharmacological and surgical interventions for relief, which everybody can not manage. Objectives: Establishing physiotherapy intervention, a preferable treatment. Methodology: Reviewing 11 articles meeting inclusion criteria and aggregating their results. Results: While studying comparison of preferred treatments among pharmacological and non pharmacological for pain of knee osteoarthritis, the results show 70% confidence level for later resulted that evidence based care for adults with knee pain, delivered by primary care physiotherapists and pharmacists, resulted in short term improvements in health outcomes, reduced use of ANSAID and high patient satisfaction,2 than with pharmacists and orthopedic surgeons alone. Regarding physiotherapy techniques exercise regimen and postural guidance seem to give 80 – 90% batter results than modalities. Conclusions: Ways to promote high quality evidence that physiotherapy practice should be identified and evaluated, also therapeutic exercises show better results than modalities managing O.A knee.
Open Peer Reviews and Blind Peer Reviews: Merits and Demerits
Authors: Afzal Saira
Published: May 2019

The peer review process is essentially the quality control mechanism. Scientific discoveries and advancements have far reaching implications especially in health and medical publications. The quality assurance mechanism in medical journals has to be stringent and flawless. The peer review systems are continuously being criticized, debated and updated. It may be open peer review or blind peer review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review.
Maternal Mortality in Eclampsia after Cesarean Section versus Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Saeed Ghazala , Wajid Rabia , Dar Ayesha Yousaf
Published: May 2019

Preeclampsia with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions is termed as eclampsia. Eclampsia isassociated with multiple maternal and fetal complications.  Eclampsiais an obstetric emergency and quick decision making is required to save lives. The objective of the study was to compare the maternal mortalityafter cesarean section versus vaginal delivery among eclampsiapatients. It is a descriptive case series conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, from December 2014 to June 2015. In our study, 62.86 % (n=88) patients were between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) werebetween 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia was 30.71 % (n=43) while69.29 % (n=97) were delivered through cesarean section. Comparisonof maternal mortality in two groups was recorded, where out of 43 spontaneous vaginal deliveries mortality was recorded in 6.98 % (n=3). Out of 97 cesarean deliveries, mortality was recorded in 17.53% (n=17). We concluded that mortality rates are higher in patients undergoing cesarean section.
Effect of Hydrocortisone on Reducing severity of Post Dural Puncture Headache after Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Ashfaq Shumaila , Ali Liaqat , Zia Muhammad Ashraf , Khan Rizwan Ahmad , Butt Mehtash
Published: May 2019

Spinal anesthesia is frequently used in pregnant female undergoing caesarean section due to its safety than general anaesthesia. Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is commonly occurring problem associated with spinal anaesthesia and causes a considerable morbidity. PDPH depends on several factor and various methods have been used to reduce and treat the pain of PDPH. We evaluated effects of hydrocortisone on the treatment of PDPH in obstetrical patient. To compare mean decrease in Visual Analogue Scalepain score in patients who developed PDPH after elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia who were given conventional treatment versus conventional treatment plus hydrocortisone. Double blind randomized control trial. Study conducted in department of anaesthesia and obstetrics of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah hospital (tertiary care) conducted from13th June 2014 to 13th December 2014. Sample size was calculated 60 (30 each) cases using 95% confidence interval, 80% power of test. Patients who developed PDPH after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section were divided into 2 group; Group A (Conventional Treatment) and Group B, (Conventional Treatment plus Hydrocortisone 100mg 8 hourly for 48 hours). Details were recorded regarding age; mean pretreatment and post treatment VAS after 6 hours. Mean decrease in pain VAS score was 3.30 + 1.2 in group A while 7.17+ 1.3 in group B. (P value 0.001). Intravenous hydrocortisone is more effective in reducing post dural puncture headache pain severity after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section when given along with conventional treatment as compared to conventional treatment alone.
Hypertension and Pre-Hypertension with Associated Risk Factors Among MBBS Students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore
Authors: Hanan Rana , Shafi Muhammad Waqar , Anwar Sumair , Nawaz Numrah
Published: May 2019

Hypertension is a multifactorial chronic disease and a silent cause of high causalities around the globe. Both hyper and pre-hypertension affect all ages and professions, and are as common as flu infections by affecting 1 in every 5 persons. In order to determine frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertensionamong medical students and their association with various variable and fixed risk factors, this study was designed. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressure at three different time points, one minute apart in sitting position after ten minutes of rest. The average of three measurements was considered as final reading. Data regarding related variables was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21. Out of 100 (43 males and 57 females), three students were hypertensive, 55 pre-hypertensive and 42 normotensive; among pre-hypertensive female students were more in number as compared to male students. Mean age was 21.6 years with increased frequency of pre hypertensive and hypertensive individuals in the first, second and final year class. A total of 64% pre-obese subjects were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive and 75% obese were also pre hypertensive or hypertensive. Frequency of intake of fast/junk food was higher among pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individual than normotensive and same among both genders. Median value of average sleep (hours) among pre-hypertensive subjects was lesser than of hypertensive subjects. Students expressed their concerns related to college timings and hectic routine and increased frequency of teaching sessions including assessments. Frequency of pre-hypertension was higher in the students especially in the first, second and final years of graduation (MBBS). Pre-hypertensive and hypertensive students were pre-obese or obese and had positive family history of hypertension, consumed fast/junk food in both genders. College timing and intensive routines were primary cause of irritation and aggression, which may result in hypertension.
Trends of Utilization of Family Planning Methods at Divisional Headquarter Hospital of Mirpur aj and k
Authors: Zubair Hina , Perveen Saima , Alam Saeed , Rafiq Akkad , Ejaz Sara
Published: May 2019

Controlling the population growth is one of the most feasible solutions to reduce burden on the country and it can be achieved by effective use of contraception. This study was designed to analyze the trends of utilization of different family planning methods in relation with socio-demographic factors at divisional headquarter hospital in a year time. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing one year records from family planning clinic at divisional headquarter hospital. At family planning centers, a total of 920 individuals attended the Reproductive Health Services from April 2015 to March 2016. Among them, 92% individual utilized temporary methods and only 8% utilized permanent methods. Regarding temporary solutions, a total of 299 (33%) selected intrauterine device, 233 (25%) had used injectable, 191 (21%) adapted oral contraception pills and 121 (13%) selected Barrier methods (condoms). Among permanent solutions, atotal of 76 (8%) had bilateral tubal ligation and no vasectomy. Investigations highlighted that males were not convinced to adapt male sterilization owing to social pressure of family. Findings of this study showed that the majority of the individuals are comfortable with the use of intrauterine contraception devices; howeverneed of the hour is to introduce awareness compaigns to educate general public for better use of contraception especially male partner as it is less invasive compared to female partner.