bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
French compounds
Authors: Villoing Florence
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on compounding as a process of word formation within the theoretical framework of lexeme-based morphology. It provides a systematic analysis of the two types of compounding in French: native compounding, the main type, and neoclassical compounding, which is quite marginal. It presents the various rules: native compounds are prototypically constructed of two lexemes and form a third one; they are predominantly endocentric; the governing constituent and the compound head, if any, is on the left and controls the semantic relations between the two constituents, whether coordinated, attributive or subordinating. Neoclassical compounds are prototypically constructed of bound neoclassical elements and form adjectives; they are often exocentric; the governing constituent is on the right. Inflection in native compounds is complex. Several areas of the analysis remain unresolved, particularly regarding the boundaries between morphological/syntactic compounds.
Satellite-framed Latin vs. verb-framed Romance: A syntactic approach
Authors: Acedo-Matellán Víctor , Mateu Jaume
Published: November 2019

In this paper we are interested in the relation between two facts accompanying the diachronic change from Latin to Romance within the domain of the morphological and argument-structural properties of the predicates expressing change. On the one hand, the element encoding the transition itself, which we call the Path, and the verb are realised as two distinct morphemes in Latin, but as one and the same morpheme in the daughter languages: in Talmy's (2000) terms, the former is a satellite-framed language and the latter are verb-framed languages. On the other hand, there is a whole range of argument-structural patterns which are found in Latin but not in Romance: unselected object contructions, complex directed motion constructions, productive locative alternation, etc. We show, within a syntactic view of argument structure and morphology, that both facts are intimately related. Furthermore, we provide data from Old Catalan showing an intermediate stage between the Latin satellite-framed system and the Romance verb-framed system.
Bitonal pitch accent and phonological alignment in Sardinian
Authors: Kim Miran , Repetti Lori
Published: November 2019

This study presents new data on pitch accent alignment in Sardinian, a Romance language spoken in Italy. We propose that what has been described as “stress shift” in encliticization processes is not a change in the word level stress, but variation in the association of the pitch accent. Our claim is that word level stress remains in situ, and the falling tune which our data exhibit can be interpreted as a bitonal pitch accent (HL*) associated with the entire verb + enclitic unit: the starred tone is associated with the rightmost metrically prominent syllable, and the leading tone is associated with the word-level stressed syllable. The research questions we address are twofold: (i) how are the landing sites of the two tonal targets phonetically identified; (ii) how are the phonetic facts reconciled with prosodic structure.
Risk of type 2 diabetes in metabolically healthy people in different categories of body mass index: an updated network meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Ghaedi Ehsan , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is variable between individuals due to different metabolic phenotypes. In present network meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the risk of T2DM related with current definitions of metabolic health in different body mass index (BMI) categories.
 Methods: Relevant articles were collected by systematically searching PubMed and Scopus databases up to 20 March 2018 and for analyses we used a random-effects model. Nineteen prospective cohort studies were included in the analyses and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) was considered as the reference group in direct comparison for calculating indirect comparisons in difference type of BMI categories.
 Results: Total of 199403 participants and 10388 cases from 19 cohort studies, were included in our network meta-analysis. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) group poses highest risk for T2DM development with 10 times higher risk when is compared with MHNW (10.46 95% CI; 8.30, 13.18) and after that Metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW) individuals were at highest risk of T2DM with 7 times higher risk comparing with MHNW (7.25, 95% CI; 5.49, 9.57). Metabolically healthy overweight and obese (MHOW/MHO) individuals have (1.77, 95% CI; 1.33, 2.35) and (3.00, 95% CI; 2.33, 3.85) risk ratio for T2DM development in comparison with MHNW respectively.
 Conclusion: In conclusion we found that being classified as overweight and obese increased the risk of T2DM in comparison with normal weight. In addition, metabolically unhealthy (MUH) individuals are at higher risk of T2DM in all categories of BMI compared with metabolically healthy individuals.
The association of glycemic index and glycemic load with elevated blood pressure in Iranian women
Authors: Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Milajerdi Alireza , Azadbakht Leila
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Dietary intake is a risk factor related to elevated blood pressure (EBP). Few studies have investigated an association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with the EBP. The aim of the current study was to examine the association of dietary GI and GL with the EBP among a group of healthy women.
 Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 306 healthy women. Dietary GI and GL were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice by a mercury sphygmomanometer from the right arm. Anthropometric measurements were also assessed according to the standard protocols.
 Results: Before controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was seen between dietary GI/GL and SBP/DBP. Also after controlling for potential confounders, the associations did not change between dietary GI and SBP (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.42-2.17, P = 0.87), between GI and DBP (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.35-1.45, P = 0.37), as well as between GL and SBP (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.43-2.49, P = 1.00) and between GL and DBP (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.56-2.00, P = 0.61). In a stratiﬁed analysis by obesity and overweight, differences between tertiles of GI were not significant (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.42-1.31, P = 0.31), even after adjustment for the potential confounders (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.70-3.40, P = 0.26).
 Conclusion: This study did not show a significant association between dietary GI/GL and the risk of high SBP/DBP. In addition, no significant association was found between dietary GI/GL and odds of overweight or obesity in adult women.
Comparison of left ventricular systolic function by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography between normal pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Mostafavi Atoosa , Tase Zar Yaser , Nikdoust Farahnaz , Tabatabaei Seyed Abdolhossein
Published: November 2019

Introduction: In light of previous studies reporting the significant effects of preeclampsia on cardiac dimensions, we sought to evaluate changes in the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in patients with preeclampsia with a view to investigating changes in cardiac strain.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated healthy pregnant women and pregnant women suffering from preeclampsia who were referred to our hospital for routine healthcare services. LV strain was measured by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography.
 Results: Compared with the healthy group, echocardiography in the group with preeclampsia showed a significant increase in the LV end-diastolic diameter (47.43 ± 4.94 mm vs 44.84 ± 4.30 mm; P = 0.008), the LV end-systolic diameter (31.16 ± 33.3 mm vs 29.20 ± 3.75 mm; P = 0.008), and the right ventricular diameter (27.93 ± 1.71 mm vs 24.53 ± 23.3; P = 0.001). The mean global longitudinal strain was -18.69 ± 2.8 in the group with preeclampsia and -19.39 ± 3.49 in the healthy group, with the difference not constituting statistical significance (P = 0.164). The mean global circumferential strain in the groups with and without preeclampsia was -20.4 ± 12.4 and -22.68 ± 5.50, respectively, which was significantly lower in the preeclampsia group (P = 0.028).
 Conclusion: The development of preeclampsia was associated with an increase in the right and left ventricular diameters, as well as a decrease in the ventricular systolic function, demonstrated by a decline in global circumferential strain.
Successful treatment of pulmonary embolism in a patient with polycythemia vera by rheolytic thrombectomy
Authors: Çinar Tufan , Hayıroğlu Mert İlker , Oz Ahmet
Published: November 2019

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) may lead to life-threatening conditions such as cardiac death and congestive heart failure. Thus, a proper diagnosis and management play a crucial role to prevent such complications. Moreover, APE is a rare clinical onset of chronic myeloproliferative disease. We herein describe a 67-year-old patient with polycythemia vera presented to our cardiology clinic with pulmonary embolism despite the fact that an intense antiplatelet treatment started secondary to acute myocardial infarction prior. Because the patient had hypotension and head trauma, rheolytic thrombectomy was performed successfully to restore adequate pulmonary perfusion.
Experimental Investigation on Crack Initiation and Propagation Due to Corrosion of Reinforcement
Authors: Shakib Sheikh , Morshed Abu Zakir
Published: November 2019

In this research, an investigation was carried out through experimentation to explore the mechanism of concrete cover cracking because of expansive pressure induced by corrosion products. The study aimed to monitor structural health by monitoring the crack width and crack propagation in the cover concrete so that the level of corrosion might be discovered. Concrete prisms of 200 by 200 by 300 mm reinforced with 60-grade 12-mm-Ø plain mild steel bar were used to simulate reinforced concrete beams having various cover thicknesses of 20, 37.5, 50, and 75 mm, respectively, to observe the mechanism of crack initiation, propagation, and level of corrosion with respect to the width of surface crack. The level of corrosion was measured in mg/cm2 following Faraday’s law and by gravimetric loss method, and the width of crack was measured by image analysis. For a cover thickness up to 37.5 mm, crack was initiated from the outer face and propagated inward, whereas for a cover thickness of 50 mm and greater, crack was initiated at the steel-concrete interface and propagated outward. A linear relationship was found between crack width and level of corrosion. For cover thicknesses of 20 and 37.5 mm, the critical corrosion amount (CCA) needed to initiate crack was about 22 mg/cm2. However, a sudden increase in CCA was noticed when the cover thickness was 50 mm and greater. For a cover thicknesses of 50 mm and 75 mm, the CCA values were 129 and 211 mg/cm2, respectively.
Compositional Optimization of a Commercially Produced Ferritic Steel Using Microstructural Heterogeneity and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Barat K. , Das G. , Bharathy S. , Ghosh M.
Published: November 2019

Titanium- and niobium-added medium-strength ferritic steels find widespread application in automotive industries. Carbon and nitrogen play an important role in controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys. In this study, five alloys were selected from commercial heats of the same grade. Carbon and nitrogen contents were different for them. The microstructure of steel consisted of polygonal ferrite with a small quantity of cementite. Two types of precipitates were identified. One group was coherent/semicoherent niobium carbide (NbC) of size <20 nm. Other group was incoherent titanium nitride (TiN)-NbC with size ≥20 nm. The quantity of NbC precipitates primarily contributed in strengthening the mechanism and the rate of strain hardening. The quantity of complex TiN-NbC was controlled by bulk nitrogen content of steel. These incoherent carbides were responsible for the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the alloy.
Potential of Water Jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) In Phytoremediation of Fe in Leachate Jatibarang Landfill
Authors: Sonya Kirana Sari Mellyaning Oktaviani , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Darmanti Sri
Published: November 2019

Water Jasmine [Echinodorus palaefolius (Ness & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.] is an aesthetic plant, that can purify wastewater containing high metals through phytoremediation. By using constructed wetlands system E.palaefolius was used to accumulate Fe (Iron) in leachate. Leachate comes from garbage that was piled up and decomposeds. The purpose of this research was to examine the ability of E. palaefolius plants to accumulate Fe in leachate. This study, used a completely randomized experimental design (CRD). The treatment variation were contact time of plants with leachate consisting of 0,7,14, and 21 day after planting. The results showed that Fe accumulated at the root was 10.86 mg/kg with the highest absorption rate occurring at 7 DAP with 1.56 mg/kg/day and BCF of 49.5 ppm. Fe accumulation on the stem was 571 mg/kg, the highest absorption rate at 14 DAP 63.71 mg/kg/day and BCF 3144.54 ppm. The accumulation of Fe in leaves was 696 mg/kg, the highest absorption rate was at 7 DAP with 104 mg/kg/day and BCF value of 3279.28 ppm. The results shows that the duration of contact affects the ability of E. palaefolius in accumulating Fe and improving the quality of leachate.
Cryopreservation of Aceh Cattle Semen with Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Extract Supplementation
Authors: Dwitya Yonadiah , Eriani Kartini , Saputra Hendra , Al-Azhar Al-Azhar , Rizal Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Cryopreservation process could affect spermatozoa quality during from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in cellular metabolism and the environment. Spermatozoa damage caused by ROS during cryopreservation can be reduced with the addition of natural antioxidant which commonly found in fruits like date palm. This research was done to investigate the influence of date extract on semen quality after cryopreservation. This experimental study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Semen collected from two aceh cattle bulls was diluted in tris egg yolk extender contained different concentrations (v/v) of date extract: 0% (P0, control), 0.75% (P1), 1% (P2), and 1.25% (P3) before cryopreserved at -196 ºC for 7 days. Semen quality prior to and after cryopreservation as well as sperm DNA integrity were determined by standard microscopic and laddering methods, respectively. The results showed that the addition of 1% date extract could maintain viability (68.67%), plasma membrane integrity (62.33%), and abnormality (18.58%) of aceh cattle spermatozoa, but unable to maintain its motility above 40%. There was no DNA fragmentation observed in both treated and fresh semen. This is the first study investigates the influence of supplementation of date palm extract on preserved aceh cattle spermatozoa diluted in egg yolk tris based extender.
Study on the Morphology of Fasciola gigantica and Economic Losses due to Fasciolosis in Berau, East Kalimantan
Authors: Prasetya Muhammad Rofi' , Koesdarto Setiawan , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Yunus Muchammad
Published: November 2019

Fasciolosis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Indonesia and causes significant economic losses. Fasciola gigantica is the main species found to infect livestock. This research aimed to describe the morphology of F. gigantica histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as ultrastructure morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the study was also carried out to determine the prevalence and estimation of economic losses due to fasciolosis in Berau Regency. The histological identification of flukes morphology found several organs including oral sucker (OS), ventral sucker (VS), cirrus (C), genital pore (GP), uterus (U), ovary (O), tegument (Te), testis (T), and caecum (C). In this study, ultrastructure morphology was divided into anterior and midbody region. In the anterior region, there are an oral sucker (OS) with a diameter of 304.5 µm and a ventral sucker (VS) with a diameter of 571 µm. It was also found the anterior spine with a width of 25.4 µm and a height of 22.8 µm. In the midbody, the spine has a width of ± 26.7 µm and a length of ± 38.9 µm leading posteriorly. Postmortem examination results showed that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Berau regency was 21.65% or 34 of 157 cows which were positive with an estimated loss of 228,656,475.00 IDR/16,450 USD (1 USD=13,900 IDR). The amount of loss due to fasciolosis must be a particular concern in carrying out control and prevention measures. Histology and ultrastructure morphology can become a reference in the development of anthelmintic testing that has been used so far in Indonesia.
The Effect of Turmeric and Ginger Powder on Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix) Serum Lipid Profile
Authors: Sulastri Meilinda Pahriana , Basri Hasan
Published: November 2019

Lipids are essential fatty acids. Lipids function as a source of energy and structural constituent components of Japanese quails. Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is one of the livestock sectors that is efficient in providing nutrients, both from eggs and meat. However, this animal has high cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic feed on the cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL (High Density Lipoprotein), and LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) level of Japanese quail. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The test animals were 30 females Japanese quail which were divided into 3 groups (2 individuals each) with different treatments i.e. P0: control (commercial feed); P1: standard organic feed (corn, soybean, bran and fish meal); P2: special organic feed (corn, soybean, bran, fish meal, cassava leaves, turmeric and ginger powder). Each treatment consisted of 5 replications. Feed was given for 2 months and at the end of the treatment, the blood was collected for analysis. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test with a confidence of 95% (α=0.05). Analysis was performed using SPSS software 16.0 for windows. The results showed that the effect of organic feed containing cassava leaves, turmeric and ginger powder is significantly different on live weight, and not significantly different on feed consumption and drinking consumption. Moreover, the provision of that special organic feed was able to stabilize the cholesterol and HDL levels, and reduce LDL levels in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
La L’EFFICACITÉ DE LA PUBLICITÉ IMPRIMÉE FRANÇAISE COMME UN MEDIA D’APPRENTISSAGE DE L’ÉCRITURE
Authors: Rizqina Aulia , Agustinigrum Tri Eko , Widayanti Diah Vitri
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of advertising in learning to enhancing the ability of simple dialogue and descriptive paragraphes writing aboutdonner et demander des informations et des opinions sur le vêtement for students of eleventhclass of SMA Negeri 2 Ungaran.This research is a quasi-experimental. The design used in thisstudy was pretest-posttest. The sample in this study is purposive sampling technique. Data collection methods used in this research is the documentation method and test method. Validitywas used in this study to measure the content validity and the reliability of the method usedto measure the test-retest that the results correlated with product-moment formula. Data wereanalyzed by t-test formula. From the calculation results, tcount = 10,61 and ttable = 1,72.Because tcountis greater than ttable, French-language printed ads was effective in improvingwriting skills of dialogue and descriptive paragraphes about donner et demander des informations et des opinions sur le vêtement in eleventh class of SMA Negeri 2 Ungaran.
Development Method of Village Consultative Body Post Head Village Election in Kalikayen Village, East Ungaran District
Authors: Qibtiyah Mariyatul , Muafifah Siti
Published: November 2019

Various conditions after the Head Village Election have a great impact to the development of village itself especially on Village Constulative Body structure. The article highight some problems: (1) What is urgency of Village Council developing method, post Head of Village Election in Kalikayen?; and (2) What is the method of Village Council Development, Post Head of Village Election in Kalikayen? Therefore, there is a method of developing Village Council Post Village Election in order to answer the challenges mentioned above. The purpose of this program is to find out the guidance carried out by the regional government of the Village Council, the Village Council to be able to carry out their duties properly, and submit proposals to the government to pay more attention to the implementation of village government. After the completion of this dedication, the Village Council now understands their duties and functions as well as its role in village development. In addition, the Village Council already has the knowledge and experience in drafting village regulations. Outcomes of our service programs include the publication of a village guidebook module that contains the optimization of the implementation of the Village Law, the management of village funds, the techniques for establishing regulations in the Village. The next output is the draft village regulations and the village head regulations, as well as the activity proposal form and problem priority of each backwoods.
Legal Education against the Impact of Social Media in the Era of Information Disclosure for Pringgokusuman Residents in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ariyanti Dwi Oktafia , Ramadhan Muhammad
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this community service is to provide an understanding of the community on the impact of the use of social media in the current era of information disclosure. This is done so that people do not abuse the use of social media and are able to wisely utilize social media itself so as not to cause negative effects. Partners of community service activities are residents of Pringgokusuman, Gedongtengen, Yogyakarta. Education provided includes an understanding of the negative and positive impacts of using social media, the role of families, especially parents, in supervising the use of social media and the legal rules used to overcome problems arising from the use of social media. Many impacts arising from the use of social media. The negative impacts of using social media must be immediately prevented and acted upon because the negative impacts are spread very quickly and are detrimental to users and the community. In addition there are also positive impacts arising from the use of social media that can provide developments both in terms of social and material for the community.
Pengembangan Modul Virtual Interaktif: Inovasi Sumber Belajar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Kusrini Dwi , Haryanto Haryanto
Published: November 2019

This research aims to: (1) generates feasible interactive virtual module as physics learning sources support of grade X senior high school, and (2) generates interactive virtual module in order to improve the achievement of learning outcome. This research method used R & D from model developed by Alessi & Trollip. The development procedures consist of: 1) Planning, 2) Design, 3) Development. The product testing consists of alpha test performed by two media experts and two material expert and beta test conduced through 2 stages that are first beta test (small group trials) of six students and second beta test (large group trials) of thirty two students. The data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of this research showed: (1) the product resulted in this development research was very feasible based on the evaluation of material experts, media experts and the trial subjects (2) the product proved effective in improving the achievement of learning outcomes, as the evidence of student achieve learning outcomes.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menghasilkan modul virtual interaktif yang layak digunakan sebagai penunjang sumber belajar fisika kelas X SMA, dan (2) Menghasilkan modul virtual interaktif untuk meningkatkan capaian hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R & D dengan mengadaptasi model pengembangan Alessi & Trollip. Prosedur pengembangan terdiri dari: (1) Perencanaan, (2) Desain, dan (3) Pengembangan. Uji coba produk terdiri dari uji alpha yang dilakukan oleh dua ahli media dan dua ahli materi, dan uji beta yang dilakukan melalui 2 tahap yaitu uji beta 1 (uji coba kelompok kecil) pada 6 siswa dan uji beta 2 (uji coba kelompok besar) dilakukan pada 32 siswa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) produk yang dihasilkan dinilai sangat layak berdasarkan penilaian para ahli materi, ahli media dan subjek uji coba, (2) Produk terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan capaian hasil belajar.

Keywords: interactive virtual module; learning resources; learning outcome
The Urgency of Philosophical and Sociological Perspective on Educational Technology
Authors: Subkhan Edi
Published: November 2019

In Indonesian context educational technology has been developed for years as a field of studies and profession (Subkhan, 2016). In many teacher colleges such as Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ), Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) and Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) there were educational technology study programs, but until now the development of educational technology seems entrapped on its methodological and practical tendency. For instances how educational technology’s curricula—especially for bachelor degree—should meet with market demand, how practically and professionally facilitating learning process within and outside the schooling system, and how to strengthen the profession of educational technologist (see Haryono, Budisantoso, Subkhan, & Utanto, 2018).
DRYING KINETICS OF OIL PALM FROND WASTE USING SIMPLE BATCH OVEN DRYER
Authors: Halim Abdul , Triwibowo Bayu
Published: November 2019

Drying phenomena of oil palm frond waste as agriculture waste was observed using simple batch oven dryer. The operation temperatures were 50, 80 and 120 C. The sample of oil palm frond was weighed periodically every 30 minutes. Moisture content, shrinkage phenomena and drying kinetic model were investigated to the difference operation temperature. Experimental result exhibited that temperature influent significantly to the drying rate. The water transport controlled by diffuse mechanism. Shrinkage occurred in radial direction and decreased the size to almost 65% from initial size. In longitudinal direction almost is not change of size.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR UDARA DAN WAKTU PROSES GASIFIKASI TERHADAP GAS PRODUCER LIMBAH TANGKAI DAUN TEMBAKAU MENGGUNAKAN GASIFIER TIPE DOWNDRAFT
Authors: Suhendi Endang , Paradise Gilang Umar , Priandana Idham
Published: November 2019

The continued development of industry and agriculture along with unutilized of industrial and agricultural wastes properly, the waste will only be garbage which can be an interference to environment. Is required to have waste treatment technologies that are effective, efficient and environmentally friendly to utilize the waste into renewable energy sources. The way of handling this waste is to use gasification technology. Gasification is a method of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into the syngas gas fuel in the gasifier container by supplying a gasification agent such as steam, air and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of air flow rate and the time of gasification process for tobacco leaf stalks waste againts to the composition and the components of syngas. This research is conducted using a gasifier with a capacity of 2.5 kg. The research procedures are drying, crushing, sizing, gasification process, and analysis of gas compositions. The result of this research has proven that tobacco leaf stalks waste has potential to be renewable energy sources which can produce syngas using gasification process. The concentration of syngas (CO, H2 and CH4) which is the highest obtained at variation of Q = 3 m3 / h in minutes 30 with syngas concentration of 2.27% vol CH4, CO gas amounted to 7.17% vol and H2 gas amounted to 5.79 % vol.
HIDROLISIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN LIPASE TERIMOBILISASI ZEOLIT PADA PEMBUATAN PERISA ALAMI
Authors: Moentamaria Dwina , Agaian Girlian , Ridhawati Meilita Mustika , Chumaidi Achmad , Hendrawati Nanik
Published: November 2019

Free Fatty acid resulting from hydrolisis of various types of oil enzymatically has been great interest recently to save energy, in other hand that the product are environmentally friendly. Lipases as biocatalysts for synthesis reactions will be dissolved with the product, making difficult their reuse. Efficiency can be done with the use of enzyme immobilization, which can be used for repeated reaction. The products of free fatty acids from coconut oil by hydrolysis of lipase can be used as a natural substrate for making flavor that can be consumed and safe for health. The effect of free lipase and immobilization of lipase on hydrolisis were studied. Reaction time of hydrolisis was varied as 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The variation of concentration of lipase addition was 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 % . The types of treatment were used in this research free lipase and the immobilized lipase. The results shows that the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil by using free lipase treatment was performed by 6 % of lipase addition with reaction time 60 minutes that are 52,31%. While, the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil by using the immobilized lipase was shown by 8% of lipase addition with reaction time 120 minutes that is 56,01%. The results of the hydrolysis process in the form of fatty acid was used as the base material esterification process resulting ester product (natural flavor). Ester yield was produced by free lipase esterification was 28,21 and 32,14 % in immobilized lipase esterification.
EXTRACT OF COCOR BEBEK (KALANCHOE PINNATA) AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR
Authors: Saputra Tri Reksa , Ngatin Agustinus
Published: November 2019

In this study, Cocor Bebek leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extract is studied for metal corrosion inhibitor. 10.3 kg of K. Pinnata leaves produce concentrated extract of methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate as much as 65.7442, 36.1452, and 15.2711 g respectively. The concentrated extracts were then used to determine the rate of corrosion. Corrosion rate test showed that extract of ethyl acetate can reduce corrosion rate of carbon steel in NaCl 3.5% from 2.954 mpy to 0.963 and 0.923 mpy using 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of extract consecutively. Corrosion rate of Cocor Bebek extract at addition of 500 ppm ethyl acetate in the solution of NaCl 3.5% is decreasing immediately. It was found that the carbon steel corrosion rate decrease as much 4.857 for 6 hours and continuously shows sharp decline until 24 hours of corrosion time. Corrosion rate is slowly decreasing till reach 1.694 mpy at corrosion time of 168 hours.
COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND ULTRASONICATION METHODS ON INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA LINN LEAF EXTRACTION
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Kurniawan Tomy , Kusumawardani Nindya I. , Sari Rahmah P.
Published: November 2019

The extraction of Indigofera Tinctoria Linn leaf into natural dyes was studied using two methods: maceration and ultrasonication. Other variables tested were the differences in the degree of solvent acidity used: neutral, alcoholic, acid and base. The yield and the dye strength measured by the absorbance are response to the change of those variables. The better yields were obtained from ultrasonication method compared to the maceration one. The highest yield was shown in the result of maceration method at neutral condition, 2.3%, while in ultrasonic method was at alcoholic condition 13%. The acidity of the solvent affects the resulted colour. By using maceration method and the neutral condition produced dark blue, the acid solvent produced a grey dye, the alkaline produced a greenish dye and the alcoholic produced a brownish dye. With the aid of ultrasonication, blue dye was generated on the use of neutral, acid and alcoholic solvents, whereas brownish was on alkaline solution.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SACCHARIDE SUGAR IN CORN SEED (Zea Mays Saccharata) BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD
Authors: Asfar Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar
Published: November 2019

This study characterizes the saccharide sugar contained in whole sweet corn seeds by extracting using Ultrasound Assisted Solvent Extraction for 60 minutes with 24 kHz frequency using ethanol solvent with concentrations of 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85%. The concentrated extract was then characterized by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method. Sample test conducted were tested to odor, color and shelf life of extract and determination of water content, ash content, and characterization of saccharide sugar from GCMS test. The odor and color test results show that the extract had a distinctive smell of sweet corn, yellow, and had the ability to store good extract in the condition of the room. The water content of each sample ranged from 3% - 9% with the lowest water content was in 85% concentration sample which was 3.62%, while the ash content ranged from 1.5% with the highest ash content which was in 85% concentration sample which was 1.59%. The results of characterization were identified by 3 compounds having the highest percentage of 2-Furaldehyde, Hexamethyl Cyclotriloxane, and 1,2,4-Trimethyl Benzene with the percentage of 26,94%, 9,95% and 13,82% respectively. 2-Furaldehyde includes heterocyclic aldehyde group sugars, whereas Hexamethyl Cyclotriloxane and 1,2,4-Trimethyl Benzene belong to the class of organosilicon and aromatic hydrocarbons. 2-Furaldehyde or Furfural serves as a tongue nerve stimulator and has great potential to be developed as an important non-petroleum-based chemical raw material. The GCMS results provide information that the obtained 2-Furaldehyde has a molecular formula C5H4O2 or C4H3OCHO which is a monosaccharide group which is aldose with the number of C atoms classified as pentose. The retention time was 3.062 minutes with a mass peak of 300 m/z with molecular weight was 96 g/mol.
STARCH PRODUCTION FROM RED GINGER (Zinggiber officinale Rosc.)
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Striadi H. , Syaiful Syaiful , Kurnia Atik , Driastuti Faradilla
Published: November 2019

Red Ginger is a natural ingredient including to spice that contain starch 40-60 % weight. Application of red ginger usually it is taken its extract or to taste of traditional food.  The purpose of this research is to know the influence of settling time, the red ginger and solvent ratio, and the temperature of the solvent in the production process of red ginger starch. We hope to get the best condition to get the highest starch yield. The process of making red ginger starch begins with peeled, then washed, shredded, filtered and precipitated. Starch ginger dried by the sun's heat. The best result was obtained at 1 hour sedimentation time with red ginger starch yield 13,3%, red ginger and water ratio 3: 5 (g / g) with yield of red ginger 15,69% and temperature of solvent at 25 ᵒC with yield of red ginger starch 11.17%.
HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) SAWDUST
Authors: Mulhidin Mulhidin , Yuliansyah Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman , Prasetya Agus
Published: November 2019

Hydrothermal treatment is one of the thermochemical methods to convert complex organic compounds, such as organic waste and biomass, into upgraded solid, bio-oil, and other dissolved chemicals by utilizing the properties of water at near critical condition. Such method is very potential since the process is environmentally friendly and the products have more added values. In this research, conversion of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal treatment method was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave with temperature range of 200-300oC and initial pressure of 1 MPa. At targeted temperature, the process was hold for 30 minutes. In addition, biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) for experiments was varied at 1:20, 2:20 and 3:20. The liquid products, which were characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, showed the presence of furfural and several organic acids, but no flavonoid compounds. Thus, coloring potential test of hydrothermal liquid was unsuccessful; there were not any color attached on the cloth specimen. On the other hand, proximate and ultimate test results indicated that solid products had high heating value (HHV) of 4625.34-4876.25 cal/g which were comparable to that of sub-bituminous coal.
Potential of Chitosan From Local Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) to Enhance Storability of Musa Paradisiaca L.
Authors: Buanasari Buanasari , Sugiyo Warlan , Fitriani Nur , Suryaningsih Suryaningsih
Published: November 2019

Potential waste of local crab carapace (Portunus pelagicus) as a source of chitosan as an active layer that can protect bananas has been studied. The process in this study consists of three stages. The first stage was the isolation of chitin through deproteinization process using 2.0 N NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:6 w/v and demineralization process using 1.5 N HCl solution with a ratio of 1:12 w/v. The second stage is the deacetylation stage using 50% NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:20 w/v. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy is used to determine the degree of deacetylation. The third stage is the banana coating application using chitin solution to determine the shelf life of bananas with variations in levels of 2, 2.5, 3 and 3,5 % w/v by immersion method for one hour. It was found that carapace crab, a part that was underutilized from crab, gave rise to chitin deacetylation with a deacetylation rate of 62.11%; pH 8.9 and water content of 7.677%. Chitosan-based coatings are applied to fresh bananas and are found to increase fruit firmness, and inhibit browning. The results show that chitosan-coated bananas have a longer storage time. The application of chitin deacetylated (chitosan) as fruit banana coater found that higher coater levels extend the shelf life of bananas with the best coater content is 3% b/v. It results in a shelf life of bananas for up to 12 days, this is longer than bananas without chitosan layer which only has a shelf life of four days. Increased coating rates have a positive effect on the shelf life of bananas. This study shows that waste from carapace crabs can be used to form active layers that can preserve fruit.
The Health Fitness Level in The Men Athlet Basket Ball in Christian Satya Wacana Salatiga Middle School
Authors: Fernandes Andrian
Published: November 2019

Basketball requires a good physical fitness condition, a good physical fitness needs an adequate exercise program, one of the popular exercise program is fartlek method. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of fartlek method that have had done for eight weeks (twice in a week) towards the VO2max of SMP Kristen Satya Wacana’s male basketball extracurricular. Based on the previous study about physical fitness, the participants of SMP Kristen Satya Wacana’s basketball extracurricular had a poor physical fitness proven by the result of cooper test that shown the VO2max on SMP Kristen Satya Wacana’s male basketball extracurricular was 29,19 ml⸱kg-1⸱min-1 (very poor).The VO2max was calculated using cooper test. The VO2max’s result on this research is 53,49 19 ml-kg-1-min-1, which is very good. T-tests were used to determine the result of pretest and postest, and the result of the vo2max is 26,03111±7,5 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 (p<0,05). Based on the result of this research, fartlek could be used to increase the VO2max of basketball male athletes of SMP Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga.
QR Code Based Teaching Materials for Organizational Classes and Game Systems
Authors: Firmansyah Guntur
Published: November 2019

To support the learning process of a course must be supported by teaching materials that are cheap, simple, easy to learn, easily accessible and quickly accessed by students. Along with the rapid advances in technology, many media have been developed both in print and online to support the learning process. One technology that is now widely known is the QR Code. This study aims to produce QR Code-based teaching materials that are easy to learn, easy and quickly accessible to improve learning motivation in organizational subjects and match systems. The research conducted is development research. The development model used is the 4D model developed by Thiagarajan, et al. 4D stages consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. In summary the data obtained from the evaluation of material experts showed 83%, from the evaluation of linguists 83%, evaluation of media experts 79% so it can be concluded that the product is feasible and good.
Short Badminton Service Construction Test in Universitas Islam Riau Penjaskesrek Students
Authors: Gazali Novri , Cendra Romi
Published: November 2019

This research aims to develop or modify form test instrument servicing existing badminton short then made a slight improvement in accordance with BWF badminton latest applied. This research method using the methods of research and development or research and development. Research and development instrument validation using validation of content performed by some of the experts (experts judgment) which make a person test and measurement experts and two experts in the sport of badminton. Based on the results of the analysis of the evaluation of the test instrument expert servicing three short badminton declared valid and reliability, so that it can be used as research for students of Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Riau.
Conceptual Framework of Inquiry-Creative-Process Learning Model to Promote Critical Thinking Skills of Physics Prospective Teachers
Authors: Wahyudi W. , Verawati N. N. S. P. , Ayub S. , Prayogi S.
Published: November 2019

Critical thinking has become a major competency of higher education learning in Indonesia; therefore, a specific learning model that is oriented towards improving students' critical thinking skills is important to be developed. This study aims to develop an Inquiry Creative Process (ICP) learning model to promote critical thinking skills of physics prospective teachers. This research is the first step of development research which produce learning model with valid criteria on content validity and construct validity aspects. The validation of ICP learning model has been done through focus group discussion (FGD) mechanism involving 5 experts as validator. The data of the validation results of the model were analyzed descriptively by averaging the validation score. Validation results show that the validity level (Va) of 4.12. The conceptual framework and validation results of the ICP learning model are described in this article.Berpikir kritis telah menjadi kompetensi utama pembelajaran tingkat pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia, sehingga model pembelajaran yang spesifik berorientasi ke arah peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa menjadi penting untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model pembelajaran Inquiry Creative Process (ICP) untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa calon guru fisika. Penelitian ini merupakan langkah awal penelitian pengembangan yang menghasilkan produk model pembelajaran dengan kriteria valid pada aspek-aspek validitas isi (content validity) dan validitas konstruk (construct validity). Validasi model pembelajaran ICP dilakukan melalui mekanisme focus group discussion (FGD) dengan melibatkan 5 orang pakar selaku validator. Data hasil validasi model dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan merata-rata skor hasil validasi. Hasil validasi menunjukkan tingkat kevalidan (Va) model pembelajaran ICP sebesar 4,12 berada pada kategori valid. Kerangka konseptual dan hasil validasi model pembelajaran ICP dijabarkan dalam artikel ini.
Development of Virtual Laboratory-Based of Learning to Improve Physics Learning Outcomes of High School Students
Authors: Abdjul T , Ntobuo N E , Payu C
Published: November 2019

This study aims to develop virtual laboratory-based learning in physics subjects to improve the learning outcomes of high school students. This research is a research development with a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and dissemination). The results showed that the learning tools developed were categorized very well based on expert validation. Practical learning tools are used with an average value for the implementation of the learning process categorized very well and the average response of students to virtual laboratory based learning is very good. Student learning activities increased significantly after participating in learning. This research produces a valid, practical and effective learning tool by utilizing virtual laboratory media to improve student learning outcomes.
Underground Water-Level Monitoring by Integrated Study of Geoelectric, Logging, Cutting and Pumping Data in Industrial Area of Candi Sub-District, Sidoarjo
Authors: Jufriadi A , Ayu H D
Published: November 2019

Monitoring of underground water level with integrated data of geoelectric, logging, cutting and pumping has been done in industrial area of Candi Sub-district, Sidoarjo, which is productive aquifers with widespread area. The integrated study showed that monitoring aquifers in industrial wells has carried out at depths of 140-165 meters. The lithology of the aquifer layer consists of sand layer, clay, and gravel with a low resistivity value of 14.7 to 46.8 ohmmeters. The monitoring results showed that the use of underground water at night was higher than the day and the use on workday was higher than on holiday. The stable debit generated by monitoring wells was 8.41 lt/sec and the groundwater level would return to stable 2.17 meters if the well is rested for 3 hours. The implication of this study was monitorable of the dynamics underground water levels periodically.
The Comparison of Conceptual Understanding Between Secondary School Students and Pre-Service Physics Teacher in Direct Current Electric Circuit
Authors: Nooritasari D D , Rahmadiyah M , Kusairi S
Published: November 2019

This study is aimed to compare the understanding of the concepts of secondary school students (junior and senior high school) and pre-service physics teachers in direct current electric circuits. This research was survey research using the quantitative descriptive method. The results showed that there were no significant difference among the junior high school, senior high school, and pre-service physics teacher students with the categories classified as sufficient for junior high school and pre-service physics teacher. However, senior high school students were still relatively weak. The difficulties were found in interpreting formulas and conceptual errors. This research provides practical benefits to the concept of electrical circuits, especially about the low mastery of student’s concepts. The same mistakes at every level of education showed that there are misconceptions that are difficult to eliminate. It is needed to have more effort to master the concept deeply.