bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of high impact polystyrene/metal self‐piercing riveted joint
Authors: Wu Jinliang , Chen Chao
Published: March 2022

Self‐piercing riveting was adopted to join high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and metal sheets which had huge difference in material properties. Three kinds of metal sheet (AA1060, AA5052, and HC340LA) were joined to HIPS sheet. The effect of polymer sheet thickness on mechanical properties of joints was investigated. The static loads of joints were measured in tensile and shearing tests. The failure modes of joints were analyzed. The cross sections of joints were observed by metallographic microscope. Results showed that self‐piercing riveting could effectively join HIPS and metal sheets when polymer sheet was placed as top sheet. All joints failed in the manner of polymer fracture in both tensile and shearing tests. For joints with different sheet material combinations, though the cross sections and geometrical parameters of joints had great difference, the static loads and absorbed energy values of joints were nearly the same. When AA5052 sheets were joined to HIPS sheets with different thickness values, with the increase of polymer sheet thickness, the flaring degree of rivet decreased, while static loads and absorbed energy values of joints increased. This was because the strength of interlock structure was higher than that of polymer sheet and the strength of joint was determined by the strength of polymer sheet.
Flexural damage and failure behavior of 3D printed continuous fiber composites by complementary nondestructive testing technology
Authors: Pan Zhi‐bo , Zhou Wei , Zhang Kun , Ma Lian‐hua , Liu Jia
Published: March 2022

It is necessary to investigate the flexural damage and evolution behavior of 3D printed continuous fiber‐reinforced composites. In this paper, acoustic emission technology (AE) is used to monitor the bending damage of 3D printed Kevlar fiber (KF) and glass fiber (GF)‐reinforced composites in real time, and gray relational analysis (GRA) and k‐means are utilized for clustering analysis of AE signals. Subsequently, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) is employed to identify the internal damage degree. For 3D printed specimens, matrix buckling and interface failure are the main failure modes, and the number of matrix and interface damage is more than that of fiber damage, and the surface of compression side (specimen's top side) is more serious than that of the back side. KF‐reinforced composites have poor delamination resistance and more serious damage than that of GF. The average maximum stress of GF and KF‐reinforced specimens is 56.37 and 42.15 MPa, and the average bending modulus is 1576.42 and 1395.36 MPa, respectively. The combination of complementary detection methods is beneficial to the nondestructive evaluation and health monitoring of 3D printed composite materials.
Alanine serine cysteine transporter (ASCT) substrate binding site properties probed with hydroxyhomoserine esters
Authors: Ndaru Elias , Zielewicz Laura , Shi Yueyue , Hutchinson Keino , Garibsingh Rachel‐Ann A. , Schlessinger Avner , Grewer Christof
Published: March 2022

The glutamine transporter ASCT2 is highly overexpressed in cancer cells. Block of glutamine uptake by ASCT2 is a potential strategy to inhibit growth of cancer cells. However, pharmacology of the ASCT2 binding site is not well established. In this work, we report the computational docking to the binding site, and the synthesis of a new class of ASCT2 inhibitors based on the novel L‐hydroxyhomoserine scaffold. While these compounds inhibit the ASCT2 leak anion conductance, as expected for competitive inhibitors, they did not block leak conductance in glutamate transporters (EAAT1‐3 and EAAT5). They were also ineffective with respect to subtype ASCT1, which has >57% amino acid sequence similarity to ASCT2. Molecular docking studies agree very well with the experimental results and suggest specific polar interactions in the ASCT2 binding site. Our findings add to the repertoire of ASCT2 inhibitors and will aid in further studies of ASCT2 pharmacology.
Structure of plasma‐deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part III sulfonation and electrochemical properties
Authors: Fahmy Alaa , Kolmangadi Mohamed A. , Schönhals Andreas , Friedrich Jörg
Published: March 2022

Acrylic acid‐styrene copolymer films were deposited plasma‐chemically more gently using the pulsed plasma mode instead of the continuous mode, with linear and some slightly branched chains and marginal crosslinking. Then, the styrene unit of copolymers was wet‐chemically sulfonated by chlorosulfuric acid. On exposure to air, the formed 4‐chlorosulfonic acid groups hydrolyze to sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy were employed to characterize the composition, structure, functional groups, and electrochemical performance of the copolymers. A high concentration of sulfonic acid‐containing groups was obtained in the sulfonated polystyrene sample. The values of the DC conductivity σDC for the sulfonated sample of the acrylic acid and styrene copolymer are ca. five orders of magnitude higher than that of the not‐sulfonated copolymer materials.
Ethnobotanical knowledge against the combined biodiversity, poverty and climate crisis: A case study from a Karen community in Northern Thailand
Authors: Georgiadis Pavlos
Published: March 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Global biodiversity is eroding at alarming rates due to anthropogenic factors, such as climate change and unsustainable land use management. These interrelated challenges often push forest ecosystems to their limits, leading many species to disappear before their characteristics and potential are explored. As a result, indigenous rural communities inhabiting the world's biodiversity hotspots are losing a vital resource that supports their subsistence and livelihoods against persistent poverty. This research documents traditional ecological knowledge of a Karen community inside the Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand, reporting ethnobotanical uses of 125 plant taxa. It provides a ranking of culturally important trees that can inform the selection of framework species for ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in the region's montane forests.

Climate change, population growth and persistent poverty are applying pressure to the world's most fragile ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots in unprecedented ways. There is an urgent need to document species that provide important ecological services and contribute to overall human quality of life.

Participatory rural appraisal tools and collection of herbarium specimens were used to elicit ethnobotanical knowledge of an ethnic community inside the mountain forest of Northern Thailand. Statistical analysis was performed on the basis of quantitative indices to rank the cultural significance of the reported species in a Karen community inside Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand.

This article presents an ethnobotanical inventory of 125 plants, including data on important botanical families, use categories and useful plant parts. A prioritisation of 30 culturally important tree species is attempted on the basis of four quantitative indices.

Most of the reported plants are neglected and underutilised in need of further research and development for the diversification of agriculture, diets, livelihoods and landscapes. The integration of cultural criteria in the selection of framework species for ecosystem restoration embeds local community needs in conservation efforts, increasing their potential for success and fostering an integrated approach to sustainable development.
Initiation of a Metal/Fluoropolymer Reactive Material Subjected to Dynamic Shear‐Compression Loading
Authors: Miller Bradley , Thoma Steven G. , Kimberley Jamie
Published: March 2022

Structural Reactive Materials (RMs) are multi‐material composites that provide adequate structural strength and large exothermic yield. Combining the thermal energy output with kinetic energy, RMs fulfill a role in increasing the overall performance and energetic release of military weapon systems. The goal of this current research is to enhance the understanding of the thermomechanical conditions that are responsible for Al/PTFE RM ignition under dynamic loading. Two mechanisms of initiation commonly reported in the literature are shear‐induced and crack‐induced. To investigate the propensity of shear‐induced initiation a Shear Compression Specimen (SCS), combined with Kolsky Bar experimentation, was utilized to predominately load the RM specimen in dynamic shear. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were conducted in conjunction with the experiments to obtain an equivalent stress‐strain response of the RM so that the work done on the gauge section of the SCS could be quantified. With the implementation of high‐speed cameras, the gauge section of the SCS was monitored to observe if RM ignition occurred from the dynamic shear loading. The results of the experiments conducted here indicate that fracture precedes ignition despite severe shear‐induced plastic deformation (and associated heating) occurring in the gauge section of the specimen, indicating that a crack‐induced ignition mechanism is likely active in this materials system under the studied loading rates.
Carbon ion radiotherapy in the management of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Seneviratne Danushka , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Mao Jingfang , Dougherty Jingjing M. , Bush Aaron , Thomas Mathew , Manochakian Rami , Lou Yanyan , Owen Dawn , Sio Terence T. , Kirwan Jessica , Ko Stephen J. , Hoppe Bradford S.
Published: March 2022

Despite advancements in local‐regional and systemic therapies, non‐small cell cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Among those treated with standard‐of‐care modalities, 30–60% experience disease recurrence. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a form of densely ionizing radiotherapy with unique physical and biological advantages over traditional photon and proton modalities. CIRT is expected to have a superior biological impact on tumors, and is believed to be less impacted by the presence of tumor hypoxia or cell cycle state. It also shows highly conformal physical dose deposition due to reduced lateral scattering of the particles, limiting the radiation dose delivered to adjacent organs at risk. To implement CIRT as a viable option in the treatment of NSCLC, technical aspects of treatment delivery – including appropriate beam arrangements, dose calculation algorithms, radiobiological models, and methods of motion management – must be thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials comparing CIRT versus traditional radiation modalities must be performed to show the benefits and risks associated with this novel treatment modality. This review discusses the rationale for utilizing CIRT in NSCLC, available clinical data to date, and the potential for future investigations that may pave the path for improving outcomes in those diagnosed with NSCLC.
Population pharmacokinetics of mobocertinib in healthy volunteers and patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Pierrillas Philippe B. , Hanley Michael J. , Zhang Steven , Diderichsen Paul M.
Published: March 2022

Mobocertinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum‐based chemotherapy. This population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis describes the PK of mobocertinib and its active metabolites, AP32960, and AP32914, using data from two phase I studies in healthy volunteers (n = 110) and two phase I/II studies in patients with mNSCLC (n = 317), including the pivotal phase I/II study. The plasma PK of mobocertinib, AP32960, and AP32914 were well‐characterized by a joint semimechanistic model that included two compartments for mobocertinib with absorption via three transit compartments, two compartments for AP32960, and one compartment for AP32914. The observed time‐dependency in PK was described by an enzyme compartment with drug and metabolite concentration‐dependent stimulation of enzyme production, resulting in the enzyme increasing the apparent clearance of mobocertinib, AP32960, and AP32914. Effects of healthy volunteer status (vs. patients with mNSCLC) on apparent oral clearance of all three moieties and on apparent central volume of distribution for mobocertinib were included as structural covariates in the final model. No clinically meaningful differences in mobocertinib PK were observed based on age (18–86 years), race, sex, body weight (37.3–132 kg), mild‐to‐moderate renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate 30–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 by modification of diet in renal disease equation), or mild‐to‐moderate hepatic impairment, suggesting that no dose adjustment is required based on these covariates in patients with mNSCLC.
Domain Wall Acceleration by Ultrafast Field Application: An Ab Initio‐Based Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Khachaturyan Ruben , Dimou Aris , Grünebohm Anna
Published: March 2022

Optimizing ferroelectrics for contemporary high‐frequency applications asks for the fundamental understanding of ferroelectric switching and domain wall (DW) motion in ultrafast field pulses while the microscopic understanding of the latter is so far incomplete. To close this gap in knowledge, ab initio‐based molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to analyze the dynamics of 180° DWs in the prototypical ferroelectric material BaTiO3. How ultrafast field application initially excites the dipoles in the system and how they relax to their steady state via transient negative capacitance are discussed. Excitingly, a giant boost of the DW velocity related to the nonequilibrium switching of local dipoles acting as nucleation centers for the wall movement is found. This boost may allow to tune the local ferroelectric switching rate by the shape of an applied field pulse.
Luteolin inhibits FcεRΙ‐ and MRGPRX2‐mediated mast cell activation by regulating calcium signaling pathways
Authors: Hao Yong , Che Delu , Yu Yanqin , Liu Lixia , Mi Shuhong , Zhang Yang , Hao Jinqi , Li Wei , Ji Musi , Geng Songmei , Shi Jihai
Published: March 2022

Luteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. The antiinflammatory effects of luteolin have been reported. In this study, the effect of luteolin on allergic diseases and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. We found that luteolin inhibits Fc epsilon RΙ (FcεRΙ)‐ and Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)‐mediated mast cells (MCs) activation, including degranulation and release of cytokines in vitro. Moreover, luteolin reduces the degree of swelling and Evans blue exudation of mice paw in a dose‐dependent manner. The concentrations of histamine, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐8, and IL‐13 in mice serum are also decreased by luteolin administration. Our study reveals that luteolin can inhibit FcεRΙ‐ and MRGPRX2‐mediated allergic responses in vivo and in vitro, and our results discover luteolin inhibited mast cells mediated anaphylactic reaction by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of PLCγ.
Humoral immune response in healthcare workers after two doses of a BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Figueroa‐Hurtado Esperanza , Ortíz‐Farias Diana Lizbeth , Sada‐Ovalle Isabel , Maldonado‐Ortíz Sandra Yareth , Valdivieso‐Jiménez Jorge Arturo , Cortes‐Telles Arturo
Published: March 2022

The antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as well as the host immune response after vaccination and viral infection have shown to be highly heterogeneous. This is a case series study analysing humoral immune response and vaccination side effects after two doses of a BNT162b2 mRNA among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Mexico. All participants were scheduled for their two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and provided information through a questionnaire: demographic characteristics, antibody serum titres and vaccination‐related side effects. Blood samples were obtained for serology testing after the first and second doses of vaccine. No serious adverse effects due to vaccination were reported; nonetheless, non‐medical HCWs reported more side effects after the second dose. The previous infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 boosted immune response after receiving the first vaccination (roughly 30 times higher than those without previous infection); nonetheless, after the second dose, the immune response did not show a higher titre as might be expected.
Don't let imposter syndrome hold you back
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: March 2022

I received a text recently from a former colleague. She said, “I need a pep talk. My imposter syndrome is flaring up.” Dictionary.com defines imposter syndrome as “anxiety or self‐doubt that results from persistently undervaluing one's competence and active role in achieving success.”
AASCU president discusses her leadership journey
Authors: Takami Lisa Mednick
Published: March 2022

Mildred García, Ed.D., assumed the presidency of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities in January 2018. Previously, she served as President of California State University, Fullerton and Berkeley Colleges (New York and New Jersey campuses). In a recent interview, García shared a glimpse into her leadership journey along with words of advice for other leaders. The following excerpt of that interview has been edited for space and clarity.
Metal Free Porphyrin Photocatalyst Comprising Ionic Liquid with Electron Donor Acceptor Moiety for Visible Light Assisted Oxidative Amination
Authors: Deshmukh Shubham Avinash , Bhagat Pundlik Rambhau
Published: March 2022

Metal leaching and stability of heterogeneous catalysts is the main concern in pharmaceutical, fine chemical industries, enhancing metal contamination of the product. In this protocol, we report design and characterizations of a metal free porphyrin (MFPc) photocatalyst with electron donor acceptor (dicyano) moiety, for oxidative amination of benzyl amine under irradiation of 5 W LED light in a home‐made photoreactor. Contrasted with the poor photocatalytic property of different derivatives of porphyrins, MFPc presents a significant improvement in imine formation (83 %). The influence of various factors including quantity of catalyst, duration, and intensity of light (512 W), for oxidative amination were explored. MFPc with favourable properties like Hammett acidity (1.11), band gap (1.37 eV), explored for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important benzimidazole, from o‐phenylene diamine. Moreover, MFPc displayed good reusability for 6 consecutive runs with negligible decrease in yield of imine at ambient reaction conditions. Additionally, a probable mechanism for imine formation was proposed.
Sodiophilic Mg2+‐Decorated Ti3C2 MXene for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries with Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Jiang Huiyu , Lin Xiaohang , Wei Chuanliang , Zhang Yuchan , Feng Jinkui , Tian Xuelei
Published: March 2022

The advantages of sodium metal, such as abundant resources, low cost, high capacity, and high working potential, make it a promising metal anode. Unfortunately, the hazardous dendrite growth of sodium metal is one of the major hindrances for the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). By applying multifunctional Mg(II)@Ti3C2 MXene as the protective layer for commercial Cu foil, the wettability of the electrolyte on the current collector is dramatically improved with the suppression of sodium dendrites. Moreover, the first‐principles calculations prove that the surface of Mg(0001) is able to establish a connection with Na(111) growth, with Mg acting as the nucleation seed for sodium. The experimental results indicate that even when a high areal capacity of sodium (2 mAh cm–2) is deposited, no sodium dendrite is observed. Electrochemical tests, including symmetric cells, Na||Cu asymmetric cells, and full cells, prove the sodiophilic character of Mg2+‐decorated Ti3C2 MXene. The results may also create a new pathway for developing other dendrite‐free metal anodes, such as Li/K/Zn/Ca/Mg.
Multifunction‐Harnessed Afterglow Nanosensor for Molecular Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury In Vivo
Authors: Anjong Tikum Florence , Choi Honghwan , Yoo Jounghyun , Bak Yecheol , Cho Yuri , Kim Dojin , Lee Seokyung , Lee Kangwon , Kim Bong‐Gi , Kim Sehoon
Published: March 2022

Afterglow is superior to other optical modalities for biomedical applications in that it can exclude the autofluorescence background. Nevertheless, afterglow has rarely been applied to the high‐contrast “off‐to‐on” activatable sensing scheme because the complicated afterglow systems hamper the additional inclusion of sensory functions while preserving the afterglow luminescence. Herein, a simple formulation of a multifunctional components‐incorporated afterglow nanosensor (MANS) is developed for the superoxide‐responsive activatable afterglow imaging of cisplatin‐induced kidney injury. A multifunctional iridium complex (Ir‐OTf) is designed to recover its photoactivities (phosphorescence and the ability of singlet oxygen‐generating afterglow initiator) upon exposure to superoxide. To construct the nanoscopic afterglow detection system (MANS), Ir‐OTf is incorporated with another multifunctional molecule (rubrene) in the polymeric micellar nanoparticle, where rubrene also plays dual roles as an afterglow substrate and a luminophore. The multiple functions covered by Ir‐OTf and rubrene renders the composition of MANS quite simple, which exhibits superoxide‐responsive “off‐to‐on” activatable afterglow luminescence for periods longer than 11 min after the termination of pre‐excitation. Finally, MANS is successfully applied to the molecular imaging of cisplatin‐induced kidney injury with activatable afterglow signals responsive to pathologically overproduced superoxide in a mouse model without autofluorescence background.
SPHT: A scalable and high‐performance hashing scheme for persistent memory
Authors: Zou Xiaomin , Wang Fang , Feng Dan , Yang Feiyu , Lei Mengya , Liu Chaojie
Published: March 2022

The evolution of persistent memory (PM) has significantly affected the design of today's indexing structures. Hashing‐based structures are widely used in storage systems to achieve fast query responses. Recently, several concurrent and failure‐atomic hashing schemes for PM have been proposed to improve the scalability. However, these works still suffer from limited scalability, especially under write‐intensive workloads or at a high number of threads. Our empirical study concludes three issues harm the scalability of PM hashing schemes: the NUMA effects, the resizing operations, and the inter‐thread interference overhead in PM. Based on the above scalability issues, we present SPHT, a scalable and persistent hashing scheme for hybrid DRAM‐PM memory. To eliminate the NUMA effects, SPHT maintains a hash subtable for every NUMA node and stores the key‐value items in the designated nodes. By doing so, all operations can be executed in the local memory without cross‐node communication. The hash subtable consists of two components: the search layer in DRAM for fast accesses and the data layer in PM for efficient persistence. The data layer is organized in a log‐structured way and its log chunks own separate PM space, thus avoiding the resizing operations in PM. Meanwhile, the compacted log structure also supports batching multiple small items, which effectively reduces the persistence overhead. Furthermore, to maximize concurrency, we assign threads to different partitions in the data layer to reduce the inter‐thread interference overhead. On Intel Optane DCPMM, our evaluations show that SPHT scales well and achieves up to 2.7 higher performance than state‐of‐the‐art PM hashing schemes under YCSB workloads.
C−H Bond Functionalization under Electrochemical Flow Conditions
Authors: Pokhrel Tamlal , B. K. Bijaya , Giri Ramesh , Adhikari Achyut , Ahmed Nisar
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical C−H functionalization is a rapidly growing area of interest in organic synthesis. To achieve maximum atom economy, the flow electrolysis process is more sustainable. This allows shorter reaction times, safer working environments, and better selectivities. Using this technology, the problem of overoxidation can be reduced and less emergence of side products or no side products are possible. Flow electro‐reactors provide high surface‐to‐volume ratios and contain electrodes that are closely spaced where the diffusion layers overlap to give the desired product, electrochemical processes can now be managed without the need for a deliberately added supporting electrolyte. Considering the importance of flow electrochemical C−H functionalization, a comprehensive review is presented. Herein, we summarize flow electrolysis for the construction of C−C and C−X (X=O, N, S, and I) bonds formation. Also, benzylic oxidation and access to biologically active molecules are discussed.
A Real‐Time Heart Rate Detection Algorithm Based on Peripheral Electrical Bioimpedance
Authors: Mansouri Sofiene , Chabchoub Souhir , Alharbi Yousef , Alshrouf Anwar , Nebhen Jamel
Published: March 2022

Impedance cardiography (ICG) and peripheral bioimpedance may be useful for monitoring several cardiovascular parameters such as cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure and heart rate. It is a noninvasive and low‐cost method and could be useful for diagnosis and treatment in different clinical situations. This study involved 100 volunteers and their age ranging from 18 to 26 years. The acquired bioimpedance signal was pre‐processed and used to estimate the heart rate. Thus, heart rates of each subject were calculated and then compared with actual measurement from FUZZY model MP3 digital blood pressure monitor. The results showed high precision with a 1.38 mean error a high sensitivity of 99.81% and a positive predictivity value of 99.63%, respectively. Compared with six other methods selected from the literature review and which are initially dedicated to ECG signals, the proposed method has been found to be more efficient and more precise with an error in determining the percentile HR = 1.78%. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Size of Molten Metal Bridge Conducting DC Current in Different Contact Strip Materials
Authors: Hayasaka Takamasa , Morishita Honoka , Ren Zhenwei , Iwao Toru
Published: March 2022

Numerical simulations are commonly used to elucidate the arc phenomenon in electrical railways and analyze its physical property variations. However, the initial conditions of the molten metal bridge must be set to accurately mimic the arc phenomenon. Therefore, the radius and length of the molten metal bridge are experimentally measured immediately before arc generation for four different contact strip materials as the cathode and copper contact wire as the anode. It found that the radius and length of molten metal bridge both proportional to the current regardless of the contact strip material. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Elemental distribution of latex‐based aerobic granules and its effects on micromorphological properties and settling performance
Authors: Aini Dahalan Farrah , Soon An Ong , Parmin Nor Azizah , Fadhil Md Din Mohd , Rezania Shahalbaldin , Syafiuddin Achmad
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on the settling profile and chemical characteristics of latex aerobic granules cultivated from rubber industrial wastewater. Latex‐based aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was cultivated using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in supplemented with synthetic wastewater (SW) as nutrients feeding for biogranulation process. The bioreactor was operated for 24 h with eight series of intermittent 3 h SBR cycles continuously. The SBR configuration comprises of five operation phases from SW feeding, aeration, settling, and effluent decanting to idle. Latex granules exhibit a loose and irregular structure dominated by coccal‐shaped bacteria with an average size of 4.0–5.0 mm and a settling velocity of 0.35–0.53 m h–1. The elemental analysis using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) showed that the latex granules contained various elements while X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested the presence of zincowoodwardite, berlinite, rutile, and quartz. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkene, alkyne, and tertiary amine.
Imaging in gynecological disease (24): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian mature cystic teratomas
Authors: Heremans R. , Valentin L. , Sladkevicius P. , Timmerman S. , Moro F. , Van Holsbeke C. , Epstein E. , Testa A. C. , Timmerman D. , Froyman W.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To describe the clinical and ultrasound features of ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs).

Methods

This was a retrospective study. From the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) database, we identified patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MCT who had undergone transvaginal ultrasound examination between 1999 and 2016 (IOTA phases 1, 2, 3 and 5) in one of five centers. Ultrasound was performed by an experienced examiner who used the standardized IOTA examination technique and terminology. In addition to extracting data from the IOTA database, available two‐dimensional grayscale and color or power Doppler images were reviewed retrospectively to identify typical ultrasound features of MCT described previously and detect possible new features using pattern recognition. All images were reviewed by two independent examiners and further discussed with two ultrasound experts to reach consensus.

Results

Included in the study were 454 patients with histologically confirmed MCT. Median age was 33 (range, 8–90)  years and 66 (14.5%) patients were postmenopausal. Most MCTs were described by the original ultrasound examiner as unilocular (262/454 (57.7%)) or multilocular (70/454 (15.4%)) cysts with mixed echogenicity of cystic fluid (368/454 (81.1%)), acoustic shadowing (328/454 (72.2%)) and no or little vascularization on color Doppler (color score 1, 240/454 (52.9%); color score 2, 123/454 (27.1%)). The median largest lesion diameter was 66 (range, 15–310)  mm. A correct preoperative diagnosis of MCT was suggested by the original ultrasound examiner in 372/454 (81.9%) cases. On retrospective review of ultrasound images of 334 MCTs that had quality sufficient for assessment, ‘dots and/or lines’ and/or ‘echogenic white ball’ (typical features according to the literature) were present in 271/334 (81.1%) masses. We identified four new ultrasound features characteristic of MCT: ‘cotton wool tufts’, ‘mushroom cap sign’, ‘completely hyperechogenic lesion’ and ‘starry sky sign’. At least one classical or novel ultrasound feature was present in 315/334 (94.3%) MCTs. Twenty‐nine (8.7%) MCTs manifested vascularized solid tissue, of which seven exhibited no typical features.

Conclusion

We provide a comprehensive overview of conventional and newly described ultrasound features of MCTs. Only a small proportion of MCTs did not manifest any of the typical features. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Medically managed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteraemia associated with jugular catheter infection in a dog with tetanus
Authors: Radulescu Sinziana Maria , Guedra Allais Miriam , Le Gal Alice , Cook Simon
Published: March 2022

A 5‐year‐old, male, entire labrador was treated for grade III tetanus, developing aspiration pneumonia and undergoing mechanical ventilation. However, 5 days after weaning from mechanical ventilation, the dog developed a new pyrexia. Investigations documented circulating intracellular bacteria, a bacterial peritonitis and a large right jugular thrombus. Blood, peritoneal and urinary cultures yielded a multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli. The jugular catheter had been in place for 10 days, and the dog had received parenteral nutrition. The pyrexia resolved immediately after catheter removal and there was no echocardiographic evidence of endocarditis. No abdominal source of infection was identified by computed tomography and the septic peritonitis was managed conservatively, including percutaneous placement of an indwelling peritoneal drain for drainage and lavage. The dog was escalated to intravenous gentamicin antibiosis with ongoing supportive care, and discharged with cefovecin, making a full recovery after 20 days in the intensive care unit.
Homemade diet as nutritional support for a dog suffering from chronic pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Opsomer Han , Wichert Brigitta , Liesegang Annette
Published: March 2022

A spayed Boston terrier was referred for nutritional advice after failing to respond to long‐term medical and dietary treatment for chronic pancreatitis. Based on clinical appearance, consecutive bloodwork and ultrasound examination, the concomitant occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease was likely. An exclusion diet (novel protein approach) and a stepwise balancing schedule were formulated to address combined nutritional recommendations, as well as the possibility for hypersensitivity to play a role. After initiation of the exclusion diet, the patient relapsed twice. Once due to non‐compliance of the owner, once due to reaction to an added supplement. After correction, no major relapses were noted for at least 1 year. To the authors’ knowledge, this report is the first to describe the successful supportive care of chronic pancreatitis and concurrent inflammatory bowel disease by prescribing a homemade diet.
Time‐dependent density matrix renormalization group method for quantum dynamics in complex systems
Authors: Ren Jiajun , Li Weitang , Jiang Tong , Wang Yuanheng , Shuai Zhigang
Published: March 2022

The simulations of spectroscopy and quantum dynamics are of vital importance to the understanding of the electronic processes in complex systems, including the radiative/radiationless electronic relaxation relevant for optical emission, charge/energy transfer in molecular aggregates related to carrier mobility in organic materials, as well as photovoltaic and thermoelectric conversion, light‐harvesting and spin transport, and so forth. In recent years, time‐dependent density matrix renormalization group (TD‐DMRG) has emerged as a general, numerically accurate and efficient method for high‐dimensional full‐quantum dynamics. This review will cover the fundamental algorithms of TD‐DMRG in the modern framework of matrix product states (MPS) and matrix product operators (MPO), including the basic algebra with respect to MPS and MPO, the novel time evolution schemes to propagate MPS, and the automated MPO construction algorithm to encode generic Hamiltonian. Most importantly, the proposed method can handle the mixed state density matrix at finite temperature, enabling quantum statistical description for molecular aggregates. We demonstrate the performance of TD‐DMRG by benchmarking with the current state‐of‐the‐art methods for simulating quantum dynamics of the spin‐boson model and the Frenkel–Holstein(–Peierls) model. As applications of TD‐DMRG to real‐world problems, we present theoretical investigations of carrier mobility and spectral function of rubrene crystal, and the radiationless decay rate of azulene with an anharmonic potential energy surface.

This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics

Software > Simulation Methods
Virtual shaft‐based synchronous analysis for bearing damage detection and its application in wind turbines
Authors: Zhang Baoqiang , Zhang Fanghong , Luo Huageng
Published: March 2022

A novel method for bearing damage detection is introduced in this paper. In conventionally operated bearings, when a bearing component is damaged, precise frequency response features are available for associating with the damaged components. In some applications such as in wind turbines, the speed of the shaft is very low, and the frequency contents of the damage‐induced impulsive response are low as well. Therefore, those damage‐induced vibration responses are mixed up with gearbox operational responses and hence unable to be separated with simple band‐pass or high‐pass filters. Hence, it is difficult to obtain the expected results by directly applying the traditional bearing fault diagnosis analysis methods, such as the acceleration enveloping analysis. The method proposed in this paper is to use a synthesized synchronous averaging method, which converts the bearing response from the physical shaft cycle domain into a virtual shaft cycle domain. The bearing damage feature response is generally not synchronized with the physical shaft, but in the synthesized virtual shaft, the bearing damage feature response becomes synchronous, while the signals originally synchronized with the physical shaft become nonsynchronous. Therefore, the synchronous averaging can be applied to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the bearing damage signature. Once the signal has been cleaned up in the virtual shaft cycle domain, it is then converted back into the physical shaft cycle domain for further analysis. Both numerical simulations and a wind turbine field example have been used to demonstrate the procedure and verify the feasibility for the proposed method.
Partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) application in mainstream IFAS configuration using raw fermentate as carbon source
Authors: Ladipo‐Obasa Mojolaoluwa , Forney Nicole , Riffat Rumana , Bott Charles , deBarbadillo Christine , De Clippeleir Haydee
Published: March 2022

This research examined the feasibility of raw fermentate for mainstream partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in a pre‐anoxic integrated fixed‐film activated sludge (IFAS) process. Fermentate quality sampled from a full‐scale facility was highly dynamic, with 360–940 mg VFA‐COD/L and VFA/soluble COD ratios ranging from 24% to 48%. This study showed that PdNA selection could be achieved even when using low quality fermentate. Nitrate residual was identified as the main factor driving the PdN efficiency, while management of nitrate conversion rates was required to maximize overall PdNA rates. AnAOB limitation was never observed in the IFAS system. Overall, this study showed PdN efficiencies up to 38% and PdNA rates up to 1.2 ± 0.7 g TIN/m2/d with further potential for improvements. As a result of both PdNA and full denitrification, this concept showed the potential to save 48–89% methanol and decrease the carbon footprint of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) by 9–15%.

Practitioner points

Application of PdNA with variable quality fermentate is feasible when the nitrate residual concentration is increased to enhance PdN selection.

To maximize nitrogen removed through PdNA, nitrate conversion rates need enhancement through optimization of upstream aeration and PdN control setpoints.

The IFAS PdNA process was never anammox limited; success depended on the degree of PdN achieved to make nitrite available.

Application of PdNA with fermentate can yield 48–89% savings in methanol or other carbon compared with conventional nitrification and denitrification.

Integrating PdNA upstream from polishing aeration and anoxic zones guarantees that stringent limits can be met (<5 mg N/L).
Introduction: Thinking the Korean Wave Diasporically
Authors: Yoon Kyong
Published: March 2022

Despite increasing scholarly and media attention to the global circulation of Korean media and popular culture (the Korean Wave or Hallyu), the diasporic population has remained a grey area in the literature. As early adopters and cultural translators, diasporic Korean youth have played a pivotal role in the recent rise of the Korean Wave. Furthermore, this cultural wave can be considered metaphorically diasporic as it contributes to the exposure of global audiences to the mediated experiences of migration and hybridity, whereby the boundaries of the nation-state are questioned. As diaspora is a way of imagining borders, groups, and individuals that deal with cultural difference, the conceptual lens of diaspora can advance audience studies of Hallyu.
K-pop Diaspora
Authors: Yoon Kyong
Published: March 2022

For young Korean Canadians, K-pop (Korean idol pop music) is presented not only as an ethnic media form but also as a highly global media practice. The diasporic youth’s consumption of K-pop may partly fulfill their cultural nostalgia and contribute to enhancing their ethnic ties with their ancestral homeland. Moreover, they appreciate K-pop as a global sound that is considered to be youthful, kaleidoscopic, hybrid, and relatable. While feeling ethnic and cultural affinities with K-pop, the diasporic youth engage with this genre as a cultural resource for questioning the mainstream cultural frame that takes Whiteness as a norm for granted.
Einleitung
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

In der Einleitung werden die Ausgangslage, das Forschungsziel und die forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen, der theoretische Hintergrund sowie das methodische Vorgehen der Studie erläutert und zentrale empirische sowie theoretische Ergebnisse präsentiert. Ausgangslage ist der Lehrkräftemangel auf Primarstufe, der einen Blick auf die reguläre Rekrutierungsbasis von Pädagogischen Hochschulen nahelegt, die in der Schweiz aus zwei Schultypen der Sekundarstufe II besteht: aus dem Gymnasium und der Fachmittelschule.
Theoretischer Rahmen: Eine konventionentheoretische Perspektive auf bildungspolitische Handlungskoordination und Schulkultur
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

In diesem Kapitel wird der theoretische Rahmen dargestellt, der die Analyse der unterschiedlichen und sich historisch verändernden Bedeutung der FMS Pädagogik und des musisch-pädagogischen Gymnasialprofils anleitet. Hierzu wird für den Institutionalisierungsprozess der FMS Pädagogik die Educational Governance-Perspektive sowie für die Untersuchung der schulischen Charakteristika der beiden untersuchten Profile der Schulkulturansatz in Betracht gezogen. Da beide Ansätze konzeptionelle Lücken und Desiderata aufweisen, wird als gemeinsame Analyseperspektive die Économie des Conventions (EC) vorgeschlagen, um den formulierten Desiderata zu begegnen.
Die Institutionalisierung der FMS Pädagogik – ein umkämpfter Prozess
Authors: Hafner Sandra
Published: March 2022

Das folgende Kapitel zeigt auf, wie sich die Fachmittelschule (FMS) respektive ehemalige Diplommittelschule (DMS) als Zubringerin zur tertiarisierten Lehrpersonenbildung etablieren konnte, obwohl das Gymnasium (und ab 1995 insbesondere das musisch-pädagogische Profil) als «Königsweg» galt, die FMS immer wieder Kritik ausgesetzt war und der Zugang von FMS-Absolvierenden in die Ausbildung von Primarlehrpersonen mehrmals zur Debatte stand. Entlang von drei besonders von Unsicherheit geprägten Situationen als «kritischen Momenten» wird aufgezeigt, welche Dynamiken und Prozesse letztendlich zur Institutionalisierung der FMS Pädagogik als Zubringerin zur Ausbildung von Primarlehrpersonen an PH führten.
One-dimensional Quantum Gravity and the Schwarzian theory
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Hofman Diego M. , Vitouladitis Stathis
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We develop a model of one-dimensional (Conformal) Quantum Gravity. By discussing the connection between Goldstone and gauge theories, we establish that this model effectively computes the partition function of the Schwarzian theory where the SL(2, ℝ) symmetry is realized on the base space. The computation is straightforward, involves a local quantum measure and does not rely on localization arguments. Non-localities in the model are exclusively related to the value of fixed gauge invariant moduli. Furthermore, we study the properties of these models when all degrees of freedom are allowed to fluctuate. We discuss the UV finiteness properties of these systems and the emergence of a Planck’s length.
3D supersymmetric nonlinear multiple D0-brane action and 4D counterpart of multiple M-wave system
Authors: Bandos Igor , Sarraga Unai D. M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Found is the complete nonlinear action of multiple D0-brane system (mD0) in three dimensional type II superspace which is invariant under rigid D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 spacetime supersymmetry and under local worldline supersymmetry generalizing the κ-symmetry of single D0-brane action. We show that a particular representative of this family of actions can be obtained by dimensional reduction of the action of D = 4 non-Abelian multiwaves (nAmW), the D = 4 counterpart of 11D multiple M-wave (mM0) action, that we have also constructed in this paper. This reduction results in an action with is nonlinear due to the presence of a certain function ℳ(ℋ) of the relative motion Hamiltonian ℋ, the counterpart of which enters the 4D nAmW action linearly. Curiously, the action possesses double supersymmetry also for an arbitrary function ℳ(ℋ). In particular for ℳ = const we find a dynamical system describing the sum of single D0 action and the action of 1d dimensional reduction of the D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM coupled to the worldline supergravity induced by the embedding of the center of energy motion into the D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superspace.
Hidden conformal symmetry on the black hole photon sphere
Authors: Raffaelli Bernard
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We consider a class of static and spherically symmetric black hole geometries endowed with a photon sphere. On the one hand, we show that close to the photon sphere, a massless scalar field theory exhibits a simple dynamical SL(2,ℝ) algebraic structure which allows to recover the discrete spectrum of the weakly damped quasinormal frequencies in the eikonal approximation, and the associated quasinormal modes from the algebra representations. On the other hand, we consider the non-radial motion of a free-falling test particle, in the equatorial plane, from spatial infinity to the black hole. In the ultrarelativistic limit, we show that the photon sphere acts as an effective Rindler horizon for the geodesic motion of the test particle in the (t, r)-plane, with an associated Unruh temperatureTc=ħΛc/2πkB, where Λcis the Lyapunov exponent that characterizes the unstable circular motions of massless particles on the photon sphere. The photon sphere then appears as a location where the thermal bound on chaos for quantum systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, in the form conjectured a few years ago by Maldacena et al., is saturated. The study developed in this paper could hopefully shed a new light on the gravity/CFT correspondence, particularly in asymptotically flat spacetimes, in which the photon sphere may also be considered as a holographic screen.
Asymptotic freedom and safety in quantum gravity
Authors: Sen Saswato , Wetterich Christof , Yamada Masatoshi
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We compute non-perturbative flow equations for the couplings of quantum gravity in fourth order of a derivative expansion. The gauge invariant functional flow equation for arbitrary metrics allows us to extract β-functions for all couplings. In our truncation we find two fixed points. One corresponds to asymptotically free higher derivative gravity, the other is an extension of the asymptotically safe fixed point in the Einstein-Hilbert truncation or extensions thereof. The infrared limit of the flow equations entails only unobservably small modifications of Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field. Quantum gravity can be asymptotically free, based on a flow trajectory from the corresponding ultraviolet fixed point to the infrared region. This flow can also be realized by a scaling solution for varying values of a scalar field. As an alternative possibility, quantum gravity can be realized by asymptotic safety at the other fixed point. There may exist a critical trajectory between the two fixed points, starting in the extreme ultraviolet from asymptotic freedom. We compute critical exponents and determine the number of relevant parameters for the two fixed points. Evaluating the flow equation for constant scalar fields yields the universal gravitational contribution to the effective potential for the scalars.