bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AXIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPARATUS FOR INFORMATION AND CONTROL MEANS OF INTELLECTUAL VEHICLES
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, G Baranov , O Komisarenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, L Parohnenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Voydenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Ukraine, together with the world's leading countries, is actively promoting the development of intelligent transport systems (ITS). Target cycles are aimed at future forecast states, which are provided by the relevant strategic plans and programs for 2030-2050. Targeted resource-efficient satisfaction of society's needs in the form of expected services, products, goods according to new complex regulations, products, standards, safety criteria, functional stability, survivability, ecological economy is impossible without significant updating of technical and technological solutions (TTP). The interaction of sets of objects of complex dynamic systems (SDS) with heterogeneous contacts of the Air Force determines the desired paradigm of duality of direct and inverse, causal relations. Within the framework of complex dynamic systems (SDS) in advance, qualitatively complete, locally accurate modeling rules assess in advance their own actions and influences of factors of the interacting natural environment (APS). It is the predicative form of theoretical results and evidence on the facts of practice that determines the axiological basis of science. Known logical descriptions are immutable and decisive . Similar facts of existence of the corresponding limited procedural result, effect of TTR, a condition of VDS and VPS are possible. For every constant, stationary, similar situation, a double, inverse statement is also valid. It is accurate based on multiple confirmations of the practice of scientific observations and comparisons in various fields of human activity. The article is devoted to the development of technologies for modeling integration processes that synergistically affect the level of road safety of vehicles under conditions of risk and uncertainty of nonstationary environmental factors. The mathematical description of the problem area and information space of interaction of the Air Force participants → VTS is formalized. The essence, peculiarity and specificity of situational modes of dynamic, continuous interaction in space-time discrete cells of the electronic map of the critical zone are substantiated on the basis of the frequency of previous accidents that are possible in the future.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PAVE STRUCTURES UNDER THE ACTION OF TRANSPORT LOADS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Bilobrytska , A Kutsman ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The problem of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of inhomogeneous structures of pavements of roads and bridges throughout the entire life cycle is considered in order to increase their strength and durability. A classical approach to the consideration of the stress-strain state of a certain section of a structure by analyzing an infinitesimal element of this system is described. The problem is reduced to a partial differential equation, which is solved using approximate methods. To solve the problem, an approach is used to discretize the continuous medium of an object through the calculation of a certain number of elements of finite sizes and the study of the stress-strain state of such elements, called finite elements (FE). This approach to solving structural mechanics problems is called the finite element method (FEM). The nature of the distribution of tensile and shear stress zones under the wheels of a heavy-duty vehicle is studied in order to analyze the influence of the superposition of stress fields depending on the center distances and distances between the wheels, as well as the presence of cracks. Note that the delamination of the pavement between the first and second layers leads to a noticeable increase in both contiguous and normal tensile stresses, which is the most dangerous for asphalt concrete materials. Therefore, when modeling stress fields in real structures, the corresponding values of design parameters, characteristics of mechanical properties, sizes and locations of delamination zones should be taken into account. As a result of the calculations, the most unfavorable combinations of these characteristics should be determined. KEY WORDS: FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, STRESS-STRAIN STATE, ROAD STRUCTURE, STRESS FIELD.
ANALYTICAL PROVISIONS OF EFFICIENCY OF HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT COMPLEX OF GRAIN POSSIBILITIES
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Voronkov , I Rogovskii ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

This article considers the use of methodological provisions of the method of cutting to solve a holistic production and transport model of grain transportation, taking into account losses. The calculation is carried out taking into account the actual production cycle of grain transportation for the conditions of agroindustrial enterprises. The object of research is the process of managing the production transportation of grain. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of decision-making, namely the applied application of the method of cutting in the conditions of the real production cycle of transportation from the field of grain grain. The research method is the method of clippings, equivalence, classification facets and hierarchical features, matrices. The situation is modeled by achieving an increase in the efficiency of transport of grain transportation is provided by optimizing the quantitative composition, load capacity and reducing the harmful environmental impact of vehicles. The decision of the integral production and transport model of grain transportation is provided taking into account losses by the method of cutting. Recommendations for the application of a step-by-step algorithm for the application of the proposed analytical provisions to substantiate the criteria for the effectiveness of the use of harvesting and transport complex of grain harvesting. Relevant calculations are given and the obtained results are commented on, according to which even the solution of the problem of small dimension clearly shows that the found optimal solution allows to significantly improve the economic performance of the system. KEY WORDS: CUTTING METHOD, CRITERIA OF EFFICIENCY, TRANSPORT AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES, GRAINS, AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX
BIFURCATION STATES OF SUPER LONG ROTATING RODS WITH CENTRALIZERS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, I Gorbunovich , I Solov’ev ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article deals with a super long elastic tubular vertical rod with centralizers embeded in its lower part and an internal fluid flow. The reasons of appearance of bifurcation protrusion of the rod are stated. Among these reasons, an internal longitudinal force, torque, inertia forces rotating rods, inertia forces of internal fluid flow are identified and described as main ones. The purpose of the study is to detect the beginning of bifurcation states of rods with centralizers. Research methods are based on the construction of singularity perturbed multy-point boundary-value problems determining the stress-strain state and stability of the rod. Applying decomposing approach, the beginning of bifurcation states of rods with centralizers are detected. KEY WORDS: SUPER LONG ROD, ROTATIONAL MOTION, INTERNAL FLUID FLOW, CENTRALIZERS, LONGITUDINAL FORCE, TORQUE, MULTI-POINT BOUNDARY PROBLEM, BIFURCATION STATES, METHOD OF DECOMPOSITION.
DESIGN OF LOGISTICS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, L Gurch
Published: September 2022

The article presents consideration and review analysis of theoretical aspects of organization and design of logistics transport systems. In market conditions, the problems of the quality of transport services, as the most important tool for increasing the competitiveness of transport and logistics services in the Ukrainian market, require a solution at a fundamentally new scientific and practical level. The main goal is to maximize the satisfaction of the demand for transportation in volume and quality, to stimulate the growth of the volume of transportation. The use of logistics approaches in the organization of transportation is becoming increasingly important. In market conditions, the problems of the quality of transport services, as the most important tool for increasing the competitiveness of transport and logistics services in the Ukrainian market, require a solution at a fundamentally new scientific and practical level. The main goal is to maximize the satisfaction of the demand for transportation in volume and quality, to stimulate the growth of the volume of transportation. The use of logistics approaches in the organization of transportation is becoming increasingly important. In market conditions, the problems of the quality of transport services, as the most important tool for increasing the competitiveness of transport and logistics services in the Ukrainian market, require a solution at a fundamentally new scientific and practical level. The main goal is to maximize the satisfaction of the demand for transportation in volume and quality, to stimulate the growth of the volume of transportation. The use of logistics approaches in the organization of transportation is becoming increasingly important. KEYWORDS: LOGISTICS SYSTEM, LOGISTICS TRANSPORT SYSTEM, MARKET OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SERVICES, EFFICIENCY OF PROVISION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES, DESIGN OF TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SYSTEMS.
DYNAMIC ROUTING OF CARGO DELIVERY PROCESSES IN CITIES BASE ON SYNERGETIC APPROACH
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Danchuk , V Svatko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, N Rudoman ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes synergetic approach for simulation the processes of optimization of routes for the delivery of goods taking into account the non-stationary dynamics of traffic flows on sections of the urban road network. Within the framework of synergetic Lorentz model, the analytical dependences of the change in the speed of the traffic flow on the characteristic time of the change in the dynamics of the traffic flow and the density of the traffic flow in the network sections are determined. Further, based on the obtained dependence of the traffic flow speed on its density by using a modified self-organization algorithm of the ant colony, the route on the network is optimized. Here the urban road network is represented as a bidirectional weighted graph. The main element of the modification is that it implements the possibility of asynchronous movement of the each ant colony agent at a certain speed. In addition, it is also possible to fix the results of optimization of a partially traveled path for calculating a further route when the edge weight (length) of the graph changes during the movement. This allows you to management the route optimization process, taking into account the dynamic state of the network, which depends on the speed of movement of vehicles on certain sections of the 171 network. These changes in speed can be caused by an increase in the congestion of network sections, the occurrence of traffic jams, emergency situations, etc. To test the proposed method, simulation of route optimization processes was carried out within the framework of the traveling salesman problem, taking into account the real dynamics of traffic flows on the example of the road network of Kyiv city. Here, when conducting research on some selected sections of the network, the average density of traffic flows at certain points in time during the day was experimentally determined. Based on the simulation results, a number of effects were identified. These effects are associated with the rebuilding of optimal routes when the average speeds of vehicles on the model sections of the network decrease to certain boundary values corresponding to certain modes of traffic flow. The paper discusses the possibility of using the proposed method in intelligent transportation systems. In particular, this method can be used to solve dynamic vehicle routing problems using information about traffic prediction. KEYWORDS: TRAFFIC FLOW, URBAN ROAD NETWORK, SYNERGETIC LORENTZ MODEL, SYNERGETIC APPROACH, ANT ALGORITHM
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN EUROPEAN CITIES
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Dziuba , A Korchevskaya ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Shevchenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Introduction. This article discusses the essence of the intelligent transport system. Its concept is described and the main components of implementation are identified. The results of the introduction of the intelligent transport system in European cities are studied Problem Statement. An unpredictable increase in the level of motorization annually leads to congestion on the city's road network. This leads to increased consumption of time, fuel and emissions, as well as delays in public transport, which affects its popularity among locals. Thus, it worsens the environmental situation in the city, especially in its central part, because it is in it that the largest congestion of cars is observed. Infrastructure needs to be developed to solve this problem, but it usually requires significant financial and time costs. Therefore, it is necessary to look for alternative solutions to the problem. Purpose. Analyze the feasibility of implementing intelligent transport systems to reduce congestion in European cities.
FEATURES OF THE LUBRICATION PROCESS IN CONDITIONS OF LIMITING LUBRICATION UNDER LINEAR CONTACT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, M Dmytrychenko , M Kosenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Roller friction bearings are widely used in machine-building, they are one of the most loaded parts. Studying their wear resistance allows to optimize the process of their exploitation, which increases the reliability of mechanisms in general. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of load on the slip in real bearings of rolling friction. Materials and methods of research: to study the mechanism of slipping, we used the model in the form of a linear contact of two disks, pressed against each other by tangent arcs on the basis of friction machine MI1-M. On the basis of the performed tests it was established that the studied lubricants in the friction pairs of the roller – roller type, when changing the load from 200 to 300 N, reduce the slip factor by 3 – 4%. KEYWORDS: ROLLING FRICTION BEARING, SLIPPING, LINEAR CONTACT, SLIPPING COEFFICIENT
IMPROVING THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF THE CAR BY CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL WEIGHT OF THE ROAD TRAIN
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Kosharnyі , M Kosharnyі ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article considers the influence of the mass of a road train on its fuel economy. 241 The object of research is road vehicles that are in operation. Research method – analysis of fuel efficiency of cars. The purpose of the work is to determine measures to increase the efficiency of vehicle use by reducing fuel consumption. When transporting goods by road, the issue of substantiation of the mass of road trains and their fuel consumption is relevant. When carrying out transportation, the fuel consumption of a road train is influenced by many factors, the main of which are: the weight of the road train, road conditions and traffic regime. The following indicators can be used to assess the efficiency of car use: amount of fuel per 100 km; amount of fuel per 1 tkm, etc. But the most objective indicator is the specific fuel consumption Qp, ie fuel consumption per 1 km, attributed to the unit of transport productivity of the road train, Pi (tkm / h). Calculations performed on the example of road trains in the tractors KrAZ-260 and IVECO-190.48 show that the specific fuel consumption on the route Qpp with a total coefficient of resistance in the range Ψp = 0.04-0.06 at a load weight Mv = 40t is 0.8 and 0.8 ml, respectively. (tkm / year)), and at Mv = 70t, Qpp = 8.5 and 2.5 (ml / (tkm / year)). The calculation of fuel consumption depending on the equipped weight of cars of different brands is compared, comparing KrAZ-6510 and DAF-2700 cars. To reduce the curb weight, you must, first of all, carefully analyze the layout and mass characteristics of all components and units, widely use lightweight and high-strength materials. The results of the article can be used in the operation and improvement of car design.KEY WORDS: CAR EQUIPMENT, FUEL ECONOMY, MOVEMENT RESISTANCE, FUEL CONSUMPTION, EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION
DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES AS A FACTOR OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEWEST TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Markov , O Sichko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Parkhomenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article offers an analysis of the application of innovations and technologies, the implementation of which requires staff training for the implementation of investment, functional, organizational resources of development. The object of study – modern enterprises. The purpose of the work is to study the prospects for the development of modern enterprises and find ways to implement modern technologies to achieve maximum efficiency. Research method – analysis of factors of resources of development of modern enterprises. Factors determining the implementation of innovations are the growing complexity of technology and the increasingly limited ability to master them by existing staff. Among others, this factor is decisive in terms of the pace of economic development, at least that part of it in which development is not just a natural need, but also determines the place of the organization among competitors. Under such conditions, the science and practice of implementing the latest technologies face atypical challenges that were not previously considered relevant. Factors that contribute to the development of the enterprise and determine the conditions of their implementation are considered. These factors, of course, include development resources, ie staff, or rather its motivation for self-realization in the environment of its activities.
DETERMINATION OF THE POWER LOAD FOR THE SKID OF THE MULTIPURPOSE EARTHMOVING MACHINE’S ROTARY IMPLEMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Musiiko , A Koval ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Moroz ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Y Varfolomeev ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with the physical substance of the interaction between the skid of the multipurpose earthmoving machines implement and the surface of the soil excavation and experimental determination of the power load parameters of the skid as a factor that ensures the cource stability of the machine during the excavation process. Study object: process of the power loading of the skid in the rotary implement of the multipurpose earthmoving machine. Objective: determination of the physical substance and values of the power load parameters for the skid in the rotary implement of the multipurpose earthmoving machine. Method – the experiment on the physical model of the implement. The experimental determination of the value and beavior of the power load on the skid of the machine’s implement during excavation in the mode of reciprocating approach in the absence of proven calculation methods should be concider the only way to evaluate the load on perticular assembly as well as on the machine as a whole. This is necessary for power balance evaluation for the machine that works in the soil excavation mode and for the determination of the course stability of the machine During the study we have concluded that the values of the skid power load components (longitudal, transverse, vertical) are mainly determined by forming and movement of the soil traction prism that spills to the bottom of the excavation during digging. To the outmost this effect manifests near the walls of the excavation that causes the plated shape of the skid bearing surface which ensures it’s ‘emersion’ above the prism of the spilled soil. We have determined the dependancy of the skid load forces from kinematic characteristics of the implements translation modes during excavation. The consistent pattern that we have detected allows to minimize the power load of the skid by tweaking the duration of the implements additional turn at the end of each half-cycle which leads to the increase of the course stability during creation of the of the wide excavations.
FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AROUND THE OBJECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kyiv, Ukraine, I Rabosh , O Kobzysta ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the state of the road transport infrastructure in Ukraine has deteriorated significantly. With the process of urbanization and the expansion of the transport infrastructure, the ecological danger of the 340 functioning of these strategically important objects increases, which requires effective methods of detailed study of the state of environmental components in areas of urban pollution in order to prevent negative consequences. Working with the problematic, using robots, we analyzed the methods to monitor the environmental situation around the road transport infrastructure for the development of recommendations for advancing efficiency. An algorithm for assessing the environmental situation around the objects of motor transport infrastructure is considered, based on monitoring the impact of these objects on the components of the environment and determining the main factors of this influence. The regularities and dependences of the influence of the motor transport infrastructure from the standpoint of environmental safety have been established. The indicators of pollution of the components of the environment in the study areas and methods of their production are analyzed. It has been concluded that a complex combination of chemical research methods with biodication is observable, makes it possible to analyze the effect of vehicles on various components of the environment (atmospheric air, soil and soil solutions, plants, animals, surface waters, etc.) and to establish the level of anthropogenic load. KEY WORDS: MOTOR VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, POLLUTION.
MODELING BUS MOVEMENT ON METROBUS ROUTE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Sakhno , A Korpach ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Korpach ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes to model bus movement on metrobus route using driving cycles. Object of the study – bus traction-speed properties and fuel efficiency. Purpose of the study – model bus movement on metrobus route using driving cycles. Method of the study – analytical, mathematical modeling. Mathematical modeling can be used to assess metrobus system effectiveness, selection and justification of its rolling stock. It allows at the design stage determine performance properties of individual bus or metrobus system as a whole. Bus movement on metrobus route was proposed to model by using driving cycle, which reflects real operating conditions. It consists of successive sections, which include acceleration, movement with constant speed, braking and engine idle. Metrobus route Miloslavska St. – Pochayna metro station was chosen. It has 13 stops and 12 section. Each section of the route is simulated using a section of driving cycle one of two types and includes five different phases of movement. Driving cycle and mathematical model built on its basis allows to determine parameters of bus traction-speed properties and fuel efficiency (travel time, average speed and fuel consumption). KEYWORDS: METROBUS, BUS RAPID TRANSIT, DRIVING CYCLE, MATHEMATICAL MODEL, TRACTION-SPEED PROPERTIES, FUEL EFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CALCULATION METHOD TRANSVERSE SHALLOW DRAINAGE ON HIGHWAYS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Slavinska , A Bubela ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, A Onyshchenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Usychenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Stozhka ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

An important aspect of the road structure strength and stability ensuring is the issue of subgrade favorable water-thermal regime providing during the service life. The article analyzes the results of research by scientists from different countries on the issues of taking into account the humidification regime and the arrangement of the drainage system on highways. One of the main design parameters of shallow transverse drainages is the distance between the drainage slots. The exact definition of this indicator determines the efficiency of water drainage from planar drainage and makes it possible to optimize the cost of drainage structures installation. In the presented work the questions of the existing normative base on climatological indicators definition and principles of shallow drainages calculation are generalized and tasks of researches on improvement and specification of distance between cross drainage apertures calculation method in such drainages are formulated. The authors propose a new solution to the problems. The developed method is based on the basic of non-uniform smooth-motion of a fluid in prismatic channels differential equation and the hypothesis of VI Chernomsky. The authors developed dependences to determine the distance between the transverse drainage slots in shallow drainages. The developed mathematical equations for the main parameters of transverse shallow drainage on characteristic sections of the highway adequately take into account the main factors influencing the process of moisture migration in the drainage layers and allow to solve problems of water-heat regulation of roads in a new aspect. The results of calculations of the distance between the transverse drainage slots, according to the proposed method, for the conditions of the first roadclimatic zone of Ukraine, the maximum total specific excess of water entering the drainage structure for the sand drainage layer with the value of filtration coefficient 4, 5 and 6 m / day are presented. The obtained data are compared with the calculation results according to the traditional method. Appropriate conclusions are made. KEYWORDS: DRAINAGE SYSTEM, DRAINAGE LAYER, DRAINAGE SLOTS, SHALLOW TRANSVERSE DRAINAGE, ROAD, WATERWAY, SUBGRADE.
POWER SUPPLY FOR STARTING A COLD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE USING A THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, D Trifonov , O Syrota ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Y Shuba ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, L Merzhyievska ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Based on the analysis of the energy capabilities of the electric starter system for starting an internal combustion engine at low ambient temperatures, it was found that this process is significantly affected by the temperature of the battery electrolyte and the degree of its charge. A technical solution has been proposed to improve the start of a cold engine, which during operation allows maintaining the optimum temperature of the battery during storage of the car at low temperatures. The description and principle of operation of the proposed system are presented. Experimental studies of the efficiency of the developed power supply system for starting a cold internal combustion engine have been carried out. The object of experimental research is the power supply system for starting a cold internal combustion engine based on a phase transition heat accumulator and a thermoelectric generator.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A PLANETARY GEARBOX USING THE BOOTSTRAP
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Tiutin , V Moroz ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, S Levkivsky ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

ic journal. – Kyiv: National Transport University, 2022. – Іssue 1 (51). The article considers the issue of increasing the reliability and durability of planetary gearboxes. The indicator which can be used as the complex characteristic of these parameters is defined. As such an indicator, it is proposed to take the coefficient of uneven load distribution between satellites Ω. The object of research is a single-stage planetary gearbox. The purpose of the study is to establish experimentally the confidence interval of the mathematical expectation of the maximum values of the coefficient of non-uniformity of the load distribution between the satellites for the batch of planetary gearboxes based on the test results of one sample. The method of experimental research is given in the work. The strain gauges were glued to the axis of the satellites, which simplified the process of current collection. The use of three pairs of resistors on each axis also made it possible to obtain information on the nature of the load distribution along the length of the teeth. Student's t-test and bootstrap method were used to determine the confidence interval of the mathematical expectation of the maximum values of the coefficient of uneven load distribution between satellites. As a result of testing the original sample, it was not possible to prove that its members are distributed according to the normal law, which, in turn, is the main condition for the successful use of the t-test. The confidence interval obtained by this method had an inflated range, the limit values of which did not correspond to the results of other observations. The confidence interval of the mathematical expectation calculated by the bootstrap method had a smaller range and its limit values coincided with the results of other studies. Thus, it can be argued that the nonparametric bootstrap method allows to obtain statistical results that agree well with the real process, with a small number of members of the original sample, regardless of the law of their distribution. The conducted researches allowed to define the basic directions of increase of technical level of planetary gearboxes.
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Khrutba , O Sorochynska ,   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine, L Soloviova ,   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine, I Samoilenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article investigates and analyzes methods for reducing the negative impact of rail transport on the environment. Various aspects of the impact of rail transport on the environment are considered. Methods for determining the content of organic matter, metabolic acidity, water-soluble salts, content of losses during calcination, pH, content of  HCO3 , Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- . The object of research is the impact of rail transport on the environment. The purpose of the work – research and analysis of methods to reduce the negative impact of rail transport on the environment. Among our researches it is important to determine the principles of selection of means of deep purification of oil-contaminated soils by railway transport enterprises, as well as to clarify the possibility of predicting the sorbing capacity of solids to oil and oil products and selection of adsorbents from natural and man-made raw materials. drains from railway transport enterprises. Research methods – analytical. Quality control over the state of the environment as well as the degree of its pollution is one of the priority areas of transport enterprises in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment. To this end, the authors of the article analyzed the extent and nature of pollution and possible methods for reducing it. The main directions of introduction of new measures and means for purification of components of natural environment from oil products and toxic compounds of metals at the enterprises of railway transport of Ukraine are offered. The results of research can be recommended for implementation in the management system of environmental management at the railway transport enterprises of Ukraine. KEY WORDS: RAILWAYS, TRANSPORT, POLLUTION, SOIL COVER, RAILWAY TRACKS, TRACTION ROLLING STOCK
SPECIFICS OF PROJECT’S DECISIONS-MAKING PROCESS AND ITS FORMATION IN REVERSE SUPPLY CHAINS MANAGEMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, I Halak , Y Khrutba ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The article proposes a system of criteria that allows to choose a single set of standard project decisions that affect the achievement of organizations strategic goals in supply chains. The object of research is project management in the field of reverse logistics. 102 The purpose of the article was to investigate the process of making project decisions on the projects implementation in the field of reverse logistics and to propose a system of criteria that allows to choose a single set of standard project decisions that best affect the strategic goals of organizations in supply chains. Methods of the study are the analytical approach and mathematical methods. An important aspect of research in this area is the use of a systematic approach to the management of reverse flows, taking into account the interests of all participants in the logistics chain, which allows creating conditions for further socio-economic development of the state and society. The paper considers the peculiarities of the formation, evaluation and decision-making on the implementation of projects in the process of managing reverse flows in supply chains. According to the proposed approach, each organization should take a number of measures to create conditions for sustainable development, which will form a matrix of strategic goals and develop several projects in the field of reverse logistics. In order to improve the efficiency of reverse flow management, the authors propose to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach based on indicators of strategic goals with criteria for selecting the optimal set of project decisions, which will avoid excessive allocation of resources through sharing hardware and software resources between different reverse logistics projects. The results of the study can be recommended for implementation in organizations that are directly involved in bringing the material flow from supply to consumption. KEYWORDS: REVERSE LOGISTICS, GREEN LOGISTICS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROJECT DECISIONS-MAKING
Herbal Treatment for Infertility in Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Noor Khan Nor Ashikin Mohamed , Isa Mohamad Rodi , Rashidi Nurrin Nabilla Md , Mohammad Zaip Nur Iman Izzati , Rohaimi Nik Nur Syazleen Nik
Published: September 2022

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. This study aimed to systematically review the mechanism, benefits and causes of using herbal treatment in treating infertile women of reproductive age. The search for suitable studies was carried out using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct using the search string “Herbal Treatment'' AND (“Infertility Women” OR “Infertility Female” AND (“Mechanism” OR “benefits” OR “cause”). The inclusion criteria were herbal treatment, herbal medicine or alternative treatment and women in the reproductive age. The exclusion criteria were men, older women (beyond reproductive age) and females before menarche. A total of 7 articles were systematically reviewed and appraised. The herbal treatment of interest includes Huoxue Xiaoyi Granule (HXG), Bushen Zhuyun Granule (BZG), Dan’e mixture, Ziyin recipe (ZR), Liuwei Dihuang Granule (LDG), Erzhi Tianghui Granule (ETG), Jiutengzhuyu tablets and Macrophage – activating Chinese mixed herbs (MACH). The herbal treatments had many benefits such as to improve female infertility in terms of increasing the number of high-quality oocytes and embryos, improving follicular development, ovulation, clinical pregnancy rates, blood circulation, clinical symptoms, live birth rate and endometrial receptivity. Many evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine practices were made. Before conducting more investigations, closer monitoring, toxicology studies, standardized dosage and extract used, adequate design of multicentred, randomized, parallel-controlled and blinded trials are required to deliver improved evidence for future research.
Comparison of the Validity of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Questionnaire (ABC) to the ‘Gold Standard’ Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in Assessing Fall Risk in the Elderly Population
Authors: Leger Hunter , Tittle Reagan , Dowdell Sankela , Thompson Cody
Published: September 2022

Background: Falls are ranked as the leading cause of death from unintentional injury among older adults in the United States. Approximately 25% of the older adults in the U.S. experience a fall each year, which leads to excessive healthcare costs. Falls lead to serious injuries such as broken bones and head injuries hospitalizing 800,000 patients a year [1]. Based on those statistics, identifying fall risk accurately and efficiently using balance assessments is pertinent to fall prevention in the geriatric population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the validity of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Questionnaire (ABC) to the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in assessing the risk of falls in the elderly population.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted to highlight balance assessments including the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Questionnaire. Databases used in the electronic search were PubMed, Google Scholar, MedlinePlus, PTNow, PEDro, and EBSCOhost, and parameters were set at studies published from 2010 to 2021. All relevant studies were reviewed by assessing abstracts for inclusion. Studies in which participants completed and were scored on the three balance assessments were included. All participants completing the tests were required to be 65 years of age or older in order for the respective study to be included.

Results: 62 studies were identified for further review after the initial search. After a more extensive screening process, several studies were excluded for reasons such as study design, age of participants, or insufficient testing measures. 16 studies were included for data analysis with a total of 1,376 participants. The validity of the BBS, TUG, and ABC were measured in the 16 studies with strong negative correlation between BBS and TUG (rho (22) = -.756, p < .01), and moderate positive correlation between BBS and ABC (rho (22) = .591, p < .01).

Conclusions: The Timed Up and Go test may be an effective and valid tool assessing balance and a participant’s fall risk. It has been shown to have a strong correlation with the Berg Balance Scale. Meanwhile, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Questionnaire, a subjective measure, has a moderate correlation with the Berg Balance Scale indicating that it is capable of identifying fall risk but not as accurately or efficiently as the Timed Up and Go Test. This research advocates for the appropriateness of the TUG test and ABC questionnaire, and therefore widens clinicians’ choices of valid balance assessment tools during fall risk examinations.
Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene—LDPE by the Lepidopteran Galleria Mellonella Reusing Beekeeping Waste
Authors: Poma Orlando , Ricce Betty , Beraún Jeyson , Perez Carpio Jackson Edgardo , Fernandez Hugo , Soria Juan
Published: September 2022

Plastic pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems of this century because most plastics are single-use, and once their useful life is over, they become pollutants, since their decomposition takes approximately 100–400 years. The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) biodegradation by G. mellonella in the district of Pangoa, Junín, Peru. For the development of the study, the G. mellonella was conditioned in three groups of beekeeping residues (beeswax, balanced diet, and wheat bran); after the conditioning stage, the biodegradation treatment was developed, which consisted of placing the G. mellonella in terrariums with the LDPE, the treatments were carried out at three different times (24, 36, and 48 h). To evaluate the efficacy of biodegradation, two analyses were taken into account: the Raman analysis of the low-density polyethylene samples and the weight reduction of the treated LDPE. The results of the Raman analysis indicated that the best treatment was the one applied with G. mellonella conditioned with beeswax, obtaining a wavelength intensity of 0.45 μ.a., while the weight reduction of the LDPE indicated that the best results were given at 36 h and conditioned with beeswax with a reduction of 236.3 mg. In conclusion, the use of G. mellonella for the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene is effective when it is conditioned with beeswax and the treatment is carried out at 36 h.
Functional versus conventional strength and conditioning programs for back injury prevention in emergency responders
Authors: Kong Pui Wah , Kan Tommy Yew Weng , Mohamed Jamil Roslan Abdul Ghani Bin , Teo Wei Peng , Pan Jing Wen , Hafiz Abd Halim Md Noor , Abu Bakar Maricar Hasan Kuddoos , Hostler David
Published: September 2022

Back pain and back-related injuries are common complaints among emergency responders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two strength and conditioning programs in improving back muscle characteristics and disabilities in emergency responders (firefighters/paramedics). Participants (n = 24) were randomized into two groups to complete 16 weeks of supervised exercise intervention: 1) Functional training used unilateral movements that mimicked the asymmetrical nature of emergency operations, 2) Conventional training performed bilaterally loaded exercises. Outcome measures were maximum isometric back extension strength, passive muscle stiffness, lumbar extensor fatigability, and revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire. A mixed model Analysis of Variance with repeated measures was performed to compare the difference over time and between groups. While the training effects were similar between groups, both programs improved isometric back extension strength (+21.3% functional, +20.3% conventional, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.625) and lumbar extensor muscle fatigability (+17.4% functional, +9.5% conventional, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.191). Bilateral symmetry in muscle stiffness was improved as indicated by reduction in symmetry index (-7.1% functional, -11.8% conventional, p = 0.027, ηp2 = 0.151). All self-reported pain and disability scores fell within the category of “minimum functional limitation” throughout the intervention and 6-month follow-up periods. For frontline firefighters and paramedics, both functional and conventional strength training are effective for improving back muscle characteristics.
Bioelectrochemical methanation by utilization of steel mill off-gas in a two-chamber microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Spiess Sabine , Sasiain Conde Amaia , Kucera Jiri , Novak David , Thallner Sophie , Kieberger Nina , Guebitz Georg M. , Haberbauer Marianne
Published: September 2022

Carbon capture and utilization has been proposed as one strategy to combat global warming. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) combine the biological conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) with the formation of valuable products such as methane. This study was motivated by the surprising gap in current knowledge about the utilization of real exhaust gas as a CO2 source for methane production in a fully biocatalyzed MEC. Therefore, two steel mill off-gases differing in composition were tested in a two-chamber MEC, consisting of an organic substrate-oxidizing bioanode and a methane-producing biocathode, by applying a constant anode potential. The methane production rate in the MEC decreased immediately when steel mill off-gas was tested, which likely inhibited anaerobic methanogens in the presence of oxygen. However, methanogenesis was still ongoing even though at lower methane production rates than with pure CO2. Subsequently, pure CO2 was studied for methanation, and the cathodic biofilm successfully recovered from inhibition reaching a methane production rate of 10.8 L m−2d−1. Metagenomic analysis revealed Geobacter as the dominant genus forming the anodic organic substrate-oxidizing biofilms, whereas Methanobacterium was most abundant at the cathodic methane-producing biofilms.
Mouse embryo phenotyping with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Scully Deirdre M. , Larina Irina V.
Published: September 2022

With the explosion of gene editing tools in recent years, there has been a much greater demand for mouse embryo phenotyping, and traditional methods such as histology and histochemistry experienced a methodological renaissance as they became the principal tools for phenotyping. However, it is important to explore alternative phenotyping options to maximize time and resources and implement volumetric structural analysis for enhanced investigation of phenotypes. Cardiovascular phenotyping, in particular, is important to perform in vivo due to the dramatic structural and functional changes that occur in heart development over relatively short periods of time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most exciting advanced imaging techniques emerging within the field of developmental biology, and this review provides a summary of how it is currently being implemented in mouse embryo investigations and phenotyping. This review aims to provide an understanding of the approaches used in optical coherence tomography and how they can be applied in embryology and developmental biology, with the overall aim of bridging the gap between biology and technology.