bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Daily Gains of Bulls with Multi-Trait and Random Regression Models
Authors: Krejčová H. , Mielenz N. , Přibyl J. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The average daily gains of 6,420 Czech Pied bulls (dual-purpose, Simmental type) from 7 breeding stations were analyzed using single-trait animal models, a multi-trait animal model and random regression models. The effects of station, year and season were taken into account by creating herd-year-season classes (HYS) with the season being defined as a 3-month class starting with December. Legendre polynomials of the 1st to the 4th degree were used to describe the daily gains within the HYS classes as well as to model bull-specific gain curves. The comparison of the h2-values estimated with single-trait models and those gained with a multi-trait model returned only insignificant differences. The comparison of genetic parameters based on the multi-trait model to those from different random regression models shows that polynomials of at least the 2nd degree are to be used for the genetic analysis of daily gains.
Mapping of the SMC6 gene to porcine chromosome 3 (Brief report)
Authors: Boettcher D. , Swalve H. H. , Maak S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Among the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with different expression in M. biceps femoris of healthy and splay leg piglets there were several fragments lacking an annotation (MAAK et al., 2001). The aims of this study were (1) to identify the gene represented by one of these anonymous ESTs (GenBank accession no. AJ271018) through inter-species comparison and (2) to determine its chromosomal location in swine by radiation hybrid and in-silico mapping. Identification of the function of the gene and its mapping should clarify whether the gene can be considered a candidate for congenital splay leg.
A sexing protocol for wild ruminants based on PCR amplification of amelogenin genes AMELX and AMELY (short communication)
Authors: Pajares G. , Álvarez I. , Fernández I. , Pérez-Pardal L. , Goyache F. , Royo L. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Based on the sequences of the bovine amelogenin genes, we have designed a protocol for sexing DNA samples of wild ruminants. Basically the protocol consists on the co-amplification of two specific fragments, one from Y-chromosome and one for the X chromosome, making the use of a PCR control unnecessary. It has been demonstrated to be useful for sex identification in a total of 164 samples belonging to six different wild ruminant species. We propose adding to the census procedure commonly based in faecal groups counting, the faecal sampling and application of the protocol design here, to estimate the sex ratio.
Non-invasive determination of body composition in pigs using a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer
Authors: Lösel D. , Küchenmeister U. , Hartung M. , Nürnberg G. , Bellmann O. , Albrecht E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Non-invasive measurement of body composition provides advantages in growth studies compared to conventional techniques. The same individual can be measured several times, the measurement is faster, and the number of pigs required as well as the random effect of animal are reduced. The aim of the present study was to determine the composition of the half carcass and of the ham/shank region by a whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the live pig using a Norland XR-26. Accuracy and precision of DXA measurement were evaluated by regression analysis between DXA-derived values and chemical analysis as well as dissection. Pigs of different gender were used covering a wide range of body weights and body composition. Single regression analysis for lean and fat mass revealed a close relationship between half carcass DXA and chemical analysis (R² = 0.97 and R² = 0.91, respectively) as well as dissection (R² = 0.99 and R² = 0.98, respectively). The prediction accuracy (R²) was lower for the tissue percentages than for the respective tissue masses. The relationship between live pig DXA and reference methods was close for dissected lean meat (R² = 0.90) and adipose tissue mass (R² = 0.93). For chemical lean and fat mass, R² were slightly lower. Multiple regression analysis using one to four independent variables improved accuracy of prediction. The composition of ham and shank could be predicted more accurately than the half carcass composition.
Carcass composition and skeletal muscle morphology of swine expressing an insulin-like growth factor I transgene
Authors: Bee G. , Pursel V. G. , Mitchell A. D. , Maruyama K. , Wells K. D. , Solomon M. B. , Wall R. J. , Coleman M. E. , Schwartz R. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Research was conducted to determine if directing expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) specifically to striated muscle would enhance lean muscle growth in swine. At 120 kg BW, 25 transgenic (T) and 26 control (C) pigs were sacrificed to evaluate carcass composition. T-pigs had lower percentages of fat and higher percentages of lean tissues than C-pigs for the overall carcass and each carcass region (P ≤ 0.002 for each). Expression of the IGF1 transgene did not alter the percentages of the three fiber types in the five skeletal muscles, however, fiber areas of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and serratus ventralis were larger (P ≤ 0.031) in T- than in C-pigs. In Tpigs the relative abundance of IGF1 mRNA in gastrocnemius, gluteus medius, LM, and the average for all five skeletal muscles (ASM) was positively (P ≤ 0.011) correlated with percentage of carcass lean (r = +0.597 to 0.804), whereas the relative abundance of IGF1 mRNA in the LM and the ASM was negatively (P ≤ 0.047) correlated with average backfat (r = −0.546 and −0.488, respectively). Based on these results we conclude that expression of IGF1 specifically in skeletal muscle had a positive effect on carcass composition of swine.
Konstruktion von Indizes mit Restriktionen in Random Regression Modellen zur Veränderung der Wachstumskurve
Authors: Mielenz N. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Index construction with restrictions in random regression models to change the pattern of the growth curve Random regression models provide estimated breeding values (EBV) for the complete growth curve for any target age. The animal-specific curves can be described as the weighted sum of continuous covariates with random regression coefficients. By using the covariance matrix K of the additive genetic regression coefficients the response to index selection can be calculated for any age or time of the test period. In this study selection indexes with equality restrictions based on the eigenvectors of matrix K were used to modify the growth curve of the population. In order to demonstrate the index construction a matrix K was used, estimated from repeated measurements for body weight of bulls by using Legendre polynomials as covariates. Indexes for high and low growth rate until age at the reflection point were derived subject to the restriction of zero gain for initial and final body weight. Selection strategies for improving body weight at the end of the test period while holding the daily gain in a certain time interval on a desired level were compared. By using so-called "restrictive economic values", an aggregate breeding value for body weight was derived from EBV for individual growth curve.
Five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) gene in cattle (Brief report)
Authors: Zhang B. , Chen H. , Guo Y. , Zhang L. , Hua L. , Zhao M. , Lan X. , Lei C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor, GHSR) gene plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The GHSR gene lies on human chromosome 3q26 within a quantitative trait locus strongly linked to multiple phenotypes related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome (BAESSLER et al., 2005). In human, the 171T/C SNP mutation is a risk factor for bulimia nervosa (MIYASAKA et al., 2006). The 611 C/A transversion unveils the critical importance of the GHSR-associated constitutive activity, and discloses an unusual pathogenic mechanism of growth failure in humans (PANTEL et al., 2006). By now, no polymorphism of bovine GHSR gene is reported. In the present paper, partial 5’ untranslated region, coding region and partial 3’ untranslated region of GHSR were screened to detect the SNPs in Chinese cattle breeds.
Evaluation of Measures for the Control of Classical Swine Fever Using a Simulation Model
Authors: Karsten S. , Rave G. , Teuffert J. , Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A stochastic and temporal simulation model has been developed to simulate the spread of classical swine fever among herds within a certain area due to farm contacts and local spread. Due to spatial as well as on-farm level heterogeneities in pig production the model allows for the importing of individual farm data. The control measures movement restrictions within protection and surveillance zones, pre-emptive slaughter in proximity to detected farms and animal contact tracing with subsequent culling, applied additionally to stamping-out infected farms, were compared in relation to their effect on the size and the duration of possible epidemics. Additionally, the effects of varying efficiency in contact tracing were analysed. An area with 2986 pig farms and a density of 1.34 farms per km² was generated stochastically for the analysis. When stamping-out infected herds was applied as a single measure, 532 farms became infected on average. The additional application of restriction zones led to a mean epidemic size of 8 infected farms. When all control measures were applied, 5 outbreaks occurred on average. However, the high number of herds depopulated in total curtailed the relative priority of this control strategy. Thus, the presented results point out the necessity to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages in the determination of the optimal control strategy. The simulation model is shown to be a good method to assess the possible consequences of different control measures. The control measures laid down in the EU Council Directive 2001/89/EC (stamping-out infected herds, contact tracing and implementation of restriction zones) seemed to be sufficient for the eradication of classical swine fever epidemics in a region of such farm density. A further reduction in the mean number of outbreaks could be observed when tracing efficiency increased and animal contacts were traced more quickly.
Evaluation of performance and metabolism of dairy cows fed pea seeds (Pisum sativum) with different anti-nutritional content
Authors: Melicharová V. , Pechová A. , Dvořák R. , Pavlata L. , Lubojacká V.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine the effect produced by selected pea cultivars with different anti-nutritional content on dairy cows’ metabolism. In the current ninety-day present, 32 dairy cows were divided into four groups (Z, G, GU and C). Three experimental groups (Z, G and GU) were fed a production mixture consisting of 25% pea seeds and the following: (Z – Zekon cultivar with low anti-nutritional content; G - Gotik cultivar with high antinutritional content; and GU – Gotik cultivar whose anti-nutritional content was reduced technologically). The control group was fed the production mixture with a higher proportion of extracted soybean meal and grain meal. Feeding rations were balanced to have an analogical composition of crude protein and energy. Feeding the pea supplement did not affect energy metabolism of the dairy cows. As for nitrogen metabolism, group Z showed higher concentrations of ammonia in rumen fluid and urea in blood compared to groups GU and C. No animal from the experimental groups showed reduced intake of feed. An insignificantly lower performance was noted (daily milk yield, protein production and lactose production) in group G. Overall, better results were observed in group Z. On the basis of the current study, peas can be used as an alternative source of proteins and energy in the diet of dairy cattle.
Genetic parameters of direct and ratio traits from field and station tests of pigs
Authors: Nagy I. , Csató L. , Farkas J. , Gyovai P. , Radnóczi L. , Komlósi I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic parameters of several growth and carcass traits were estimated for the Hungarian Large White (HLW) and Hungarian Landrace (HL) pig breeds. The objective of the analysis was to compare the direct (days on station test, consumed feed, valuable cuts and age) and ratio/composite (net daily gain, feed conversion, proportion of valuable cuts, lean meat percentage and average daily gain and meat quality score) traits, which were collected in the course of station and field tests. The analysis was based on the national database (1997–2003) using univariate and bivariate animal models. Estimated heritabilities for station test traits ranged between 0.34–0.69 (except for meat quality score, where the heritability was low (0.10, 0.15 for HLW and HL, respectively) and exceeded that of the field test traits (0.18–0.23). Relative importance of random litter effects was low for the station test traits (0.01–0.29) but moderate for the field test traits (0.20–0.48). The unfavourable genetic correlation between lean meat percentage and meat quality score (−0.28, −0.44 for HLW and LW, respectively) is worth mentioning. In both performance tests the direct and ratio test counterparts showed similar heritabilities and their genetic correlation were close to unity (0.74–0.95). Based on these results selection on either the direct or on the ratio traits would possibly result similar selection response.
Comparison of body weight and reproduction performance in cows of various beef breeds managed under equal conditions in West Pomerania
Authors: Pilarczyk R. , Wójcik J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the body weight and the parameters of reproductive performance in beef cows of various breeds following their import to Poland from 1995–1997. The analyses included cows of five beef breeds: Red Angus, Salers, Hereford, Limousin and Simmental. We have compared the body weights and calving intervals during the period from their arrival to Poland in 1995 until 2002, with subsequent calvings included in the analyses. Other aspects included calving difficulty, abortions, stillbirths and twin births. The analysis of the cows’ reproductive performance has revealed that the studied breeds differ in the calving interval. Best results were achieved by Simmental and Limousine cows, while Red Angus cows exhibited the poorest performance. The effect of subsequent calving on the calving interval was also confirmed. We have observed no differences among the mature cows with respect to the body weight and calving ease.
Quality of goat meat from purebred French Alpine kids and Boer crossbreeds
Authors: Brzostowski H. , Niżnikowski R. , Tański Z.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Some quality traits of meat from purebred French Alpine kids and Boer crossbreeds aged 50 days were evaluated in the study. Samples of m. quadriceps femoris were taken to determine the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of meat as well as a water-to-protein ratio, energy value, levels of cholesterol and amino acids in protein, and fatty acid concentration in intramuscular fat. It was found that meat from crossbred kids, compared to meat from purebred kids, contained more intramuscular fat, cholesterol and vitamin A, had a higher calorific value, a brighter color, a lower water-holding capacity, a higher level of physiological maturity (measured as the value of a water-to-protein ratio), and got higher scores for tenderness and juiciness. The protein of meat from crossbred kids had a more desirable essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) ratio, while intramuscular fat contained less OFAs and had more desirable unsaturated fatty acid/ saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) and DFA/OFA (UFA+C18:0/SFA-C18:0) ratios. Due to a high protein content (19.44 and 19.74 %), low levels of fat (1.67 and 1.96 %) and cholesterol (48.76 and 56.63 mg/100g), a low energy value (96.36 and 101.47 kcal/100g), a high concentration of essential amino acids, a desirable fatty acid profile and high scores for sensory properties, meat from purebred French Alpine kids and (especially) Boer crossbreds may be recommended as a valuable component of a low-fat diet.
Some production traits of indigenous Hair goats bred under extensive conditions in Turkey. 2nd communication: viability and growth performances of kids
Authors: Deger Oral Toplu H. , Altinel A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, it was studied that viability in preweaning period and growth performance in the period from birth to 8 months of age of Hair kids (Anatolian Black Goat). A total data of 439 kids in 2003 and 2004 years were used in the study. Survival rates of kids at 1st, 2nd and 3rd months were 98.86 %, 96.81 % and 95.44 %, respectively. The effects of year, farm and age of dam on this trait were statistically insignificant, although the effect of birth type on only the survival rate at 3rd month was significant (p<0.05). The body weights of kids at birth, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th months were 2.19 kg, 6.19 kg, 9.70 kg, 13.08 kg, 16.31 kg, 18.77 kg, 20.25 kg, 25.38 kg and 23.32 kg, respectively. The effects of sex and age of dam on body weights in all growth periods, the effect of year on weights in growth periods except for 7th and 8th months, the effect of farm on weights in growth periods except for 6th and 8th months and the effect of birth type on birth weight and weights at 4th and 5th months were statistically significant (p<0.05). In the result of this study, it was determined that Hair kids reared under extensive conditions had high performance especially in terms of viability.
Straw or hay as environmental improvement and its effect on behaviour and production traits of fattening pigs
Authors: Jordan D. , Žgur S. , Gorjanc G. , Štuhec I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Fattening pigs are commonly kept in intensive housing systems with slatted floor which represent a very barren environment, causing poor animal welfare. To improve such conditions a small amount of straw or hay (100 g per animal per day laid daily in a rack) was used in our study as an environmental enrichment (EE). Two replications, each including 96 fattening pigs of both sexes (3 pens of 16 females and 3 pens of 16 male castrates) from 60 kg to slaughter at average 96 kg live weight, were used to test the effect of EE and sex on behaviour, growth rate, and carcass composition. EE significantly increased the proportion of total activity during the illumination period (between 6 a. m. and 2 p. m.) on account of increased occupation with substrate (P<0.01). EE also significantly reduced time spent biting pen bars and frequency of aggressive encounters (P<0.01). The EE increased total activity in female animals during the observation period, but not in male castrates. None of the EE significantly influenced pigs‘ growth rate and lean meat percentage; however females in enriched environment grew slower and had greater lean meat percentage than the castrated males. Provision of a small amount of straw or hay to pigs in intensive housing systems can enrich barren environment in inexpensive and efficient way. Therefore such enrichment can be widely used also in large commercial pig production systems.
Asymmetry measures and allometric growth parameter estimates for investigate effect of early feed restriction on deviation from bilateral symmetry in broiler chickens
Authors: Mendes M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different feeding programs such as ad libitum feeding (AD), 20 % feed restriction based on ad libitum group (FR1) and not fed between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. (FR2) on deviation from bilateral symmetry or developmental stability in broiler chickens by means of two different approaches namely asymmetry measures and allometric growth model parameters. The weekly left and right sides of shank length, shank width, wing length and face width of chickens were collected from 7 days of age to 42 days of age. Results of this study showed that the deviations from the bilateral symmetry were mostly in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the FR1 group birds. On the other hand, the deviations from the bilateral symmetry in the birds in group AD and FR2 were mostly in the form of anti-symmetry (AS) and directional asymmetry (DA) respectively. In this study, the deviation from the bilateral symmetry was mostly in FA type for the measured morphological characters for the FR1 group, and the FA level was usually lower indicating higher welfare level and lower developmental instability for these animals than that of the AD and FR2 groups. Allometric growth coefficients for evaluating the effects of the feeding programs on the developmental stability were a little bit different from the findings obtained by the asymmetry measures‘ being taken into account. Allometric growth parameters, therefore, should be taken into consideration, along with asymmetry measures when investigating effect of rearing conditions or environmental conditions on developmental stability. As a conclusion, intensive feeding (AD) and long-term feed restriction (FR2) can be said as an important environmental factor affecting developmental stability and dependently the animal welfare and performance.
PCR-SSCP and Hin6I PCR-RFLP detecting novel anonymous SNPs within ovine PROP1 gene (Brief report)
Authors: Lan X. , Pan C. , Hu S. , Chen H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. PROP1 plays a direct or indirect key role in the ontogenesis of pituitary gonadotropes, as well as somatotropes, lactotropes and caudomedial thyrotropes (WU et al., 1998). Mutations of PROP1 are responsible for deficiencies of POU1F1, GH, prolactin (PRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in Snell and Jackson dwarf mice and in man, as well as deficiencies of LH and FSH, suggesting that the PROP1 gene is a potential candidate gene associating with production traits in animal breeding and genetics. To date, no polymorphism of PROP1 gene has been reported in ruminant animals except bovine (PAN et al., 2007). So, the objective of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of all coding regions within ovine PROP1 gene by PCR-SSCP, DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods, which will possibly contribute to conducting association analysis and evaluating them as genetic markers in animal breeding and genetics.
Flesh characteristics of pan-size triploid and diploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a commercial fish farm
Authors: Werner C. , Poontawee K. , Mueller-Belecke A. , Hoerstgen-Schwark G. , Wicke M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Sexual maturation of rainbow trout during production has a negative effect on the slaughter yields and flesh quality. Induction of triploidy is a method to prevent the development of fertile trout. In many investigations sexually mature triploid and diploid rainbow trout had been compared. In the present study the slaughter characteristics and flesh quality of female immature diploid and triploid rainbow trout reared up to 66 and 75 weeks (pan-size-format) were compared. Considering the age the old fish had significantly higher body and fillet weights accompanied with larger muscle fibres. The fillets of the old trout were brighter and redder, had a reduced water-holding capacity (WHC) and contained more fat and protein. With regard to the ploidy status the triploid trout had higher body and fillet weights and larger muscle fibres. The fillets of the triploid fish were brighter, had a reduced WHC and lower fat contents. With regard to the age-ploidy status interaction the young and old triploid trout had better growth characteristics but the WHC and the fillet fat concentration was reduced in these animals. The colour values were inconsistent. The pH and electrical conductivity values indicated no higher pre- or peri-mortal stress and/or different stress susceptibility of the investigated young as well as old triploid and diploid trout. In conclusion, it could be suggested that induction of triploidy positively influences body and fillet development mainly by muscle fibre hypertrophy, but the triploid fillets showed slightly worse flesh characteristics (Brightness, WHC).
The relationship between blood serum and seminal plasma cholesterol content in young boars and their semen qualitative traits and testes size
Authors: Jacyno E. , Kołodziej A. , Kawęcka M. , Pietruszka A. , Matysiak B. , Kamyczek M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The relationship between blood serum and seminal plasma cholesterol concentration and semen traits and testes size was examined on 110 young boars (6 month old) of the 990 synthetic line. In the study were determined: testes volume, semen quality traits (ejaculate volume, motile spermatozoa percentage, spermatozoa concentration and total number per ejaculate, percentage of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, percentage of spermatozoa with major and minor morphological defects, osmotic resistance test value [ORT] and activity of aspartate aminotransferase in seminal plasma [AspAT]). Cholesterol content in blood serum and seminal plasma were determined. Mean cholesterol content in blood serum amounted to 71.2, while that in seminal plasma to 6.96 mg/dL. Total cholesterol content in blood serum correlated positively with testes volume (P≤0.05), whereas no correlation was found with semen quality traits of the examined males. Cholesterol concentration in seminal plasma was positively correlated (P≤0.05) with spermatozoa motility, concentration and total number, while negatively (P≤0.05) with the percentage of spermatozoa with major morphological defects and the activity of AspAT in seminal plasma. No relationship was found between total cholesterol content in blood serum and that in seminal plasma.
Effects of crossbreeding Hungarian Merino sheep with Suffolk and Ile de France on carcass traits
Authors: Pajor F. , Láczó E. , Erdős O. , Póti P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this examination, Hungarian Merino (ram n=30, ewe n=30), Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1, and Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 (ram n=15, ewe n=15) lambs were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on carcass characteristics and composition. We examined fattening performances and the following carcass traits: dressing percentage, weight of valuable carcass cuts, percentage of valuable meat, bone to meat ratio, and as well as meat conformation and fat cover (S/EUROP grading). In the present investigation, the weight at slaughter was fixed between 31–32 kg approximately, thus ensuring, weight would not affect carcass composition. Standardizing carcass weight allowed us to spot differences due to genotype and gender. The best results of fattening performance showed the Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1 lambs (358 g/day). The tested crossed genotypes had not greatly influence dressing percentage and warm carcass weight, but the best percentage valuable carcass cuts had Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 (83.37 %). The best percentage of valuable meat presented (77.76 %) the Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1 lambs. The best meat conformation and fat covered showed the Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 lambs. Hungarian Merinos showed less favourable results. To the summarising, the Suffolk and Ile de France improved the Hungarian Merino’s fattening performance, slaughter value and ability of market over 30 kg live weight, therefore there were both breeds suggest with crossing.
Correlation of ultrasonic measured ribeye area and fat thickness to the certain traits measured on slaughtered bulls (Short Communication)
Authors: Török M. , Polgár J. P. , Kocsi G. , Farkas V. , Szabó F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to test accuracy of measurements done by Falco 100 (Pie Medical) ultrasonic equipment. 10 Angus, 10 Hungarian Simmental, 10 Limousin and 10 Charolais fattening bulls were measured at the feedlot just before slaughtering. Fat thickness at the rump (P8) and ribeye area (REA) were realized from each animal. After slaughtering, the data of slaughter and carcass weights were collected and carcasses were judged on the base of EUROP system. The database was examined by SPSS 9.0 for Windows. Average liveweight of Angus was 645 ± 41.5 kg, of Hungarian Simmental was 676 ± 41.8 kg, of Limousin was 655 ± 50.8 kg and of Charolais was 694 ± 42.3 kg at the measurement. REA measured with ultrasound was 102.9 ± 8.9 cm2, 102.7 ± 10.4 cm2, 111.2 ± 9.6 cm2 and 106.4 ± 9.5 cm2, respectively. P8 was 1.05 ± 0.28 cm, 0.62 ± 0.13 cm, 0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.61 ± 0.18 cm, respectively. Correlation between ultrasonic and carcass REA in case of mentioned breeds was 0.74, 0.74, 0.94 and 0.80. Correlation between P8 and EUROP fat score was 0.51, 0.73, 0.56 and 0.28, respectively. Overall correlation between ultrasonic and carcass REA was 0.83 (P≤0.01), and between P8 and EUROP fat score was 0.69 (P≤0.01).
Bewertung von Wohlbefinden in der praktischen Nutztierhaltung – Diskussion der Kriterienauswahl am Beispiel Mastschweinehaltung
Authors: Weber-Jonkheer R. E. F. , Valle Zárate A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Evaluating welfare in practical farm animal husbandry – discussion of criteria selection using the example of fattening pig husbandry In the evaluation of animal welfare under practical husbandry conditions – beside a clear definition of welfare – selection of indicators plays an important role. Using the example of fattening pig husbandry, the usefulness of physiological, immunological and pathological, ethological, and technical criteria of husbandry conditions is discussed. While physiological and immunological parameters can lead to findings about stress reactions under controlled circumstances their direct transfer to practical conditions is hardly possible. On the contrary, ethological indicators as outer signs of inner states can be recorded most reliable. Beside stereotypies and aberrant behaviour as clear signs of reduced welfare, especially in barren environments, the performance of species-specific behaviour can point to a positive influence on welfare. Behavioural observations over a longer period of time considering plenty of (ethological) indicators build a solid base for selection of methods. For further interpretation of results behavioural data should be supplemented by parameters which can be recorded without major distraction of the animals: general condition of the animal including injuries and soiling, performance, technical data of the husbandry conditions as well as the increasingly important evaluation of carcasses.
Some carcass traits and physicochemical composition of White Improved breed goat kids slaughtered at 90 and 180 days of age (Short Communication)
Authors: Pieniak-Lendzion K. , Niedziółka R. , Borkowska T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The research aimed at analysing the slaughter value and physicochemical attributes of goat kids slaughtered at 90 and 180 days of age. After weaning at 60 days of age, a balanced mixture containing 18.2 % of protein and 5.63 MJ of net energy was applied as a feed. Some traits of live and slaughtered animal weight attributes were analysed. Moreover, tissue composition of the half carcass and meat physicochemical properties of meat were determined. The carcass of older male kid goats was by 5.08 kg (P≤0.05) heavier and the weight of primal cuts (P≤0.05) including high-priced cuts was by 0.87 kg higher than the young kids. Half carcass tissue composition of older and younger kids was similar: 60.13–60.50 % of meat, 25.48–25.37 % of bones, and 14.39–14.13 % of fat. Significant differences (P≤0.05) in fat and bone contents were only found in the leg. Furthermore, physiochemical properties indicated that the meat of older animals was darker and had higher values of chemical parameters.
Association of PIT-1 gene polymorphism with birth weight, milk and reproduction traits in Isfahan Holstein cows (Brief Report)
Authors: Edriss M. A. , Edriss V. , Rahmani H. R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Pit-1 (POU1F1) is a member of the POU-domain family of genes that play important regulatory roles in developmental processes (DYBUS et al. 2004). Pit-1, an approximate 33-kilodalton protein (291 amino acid), was first associated with a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) genes (DYBUS et al. 2003). Molecular basis of this polymorphism was the silent mutation (G→A) located within exon 6 of the Pit-1 gene (DIERKES et al. 1998). Pit-1 gene considered as a candidate marker for milk production due to regulation of expression of bGH and the prolactin genes which are essential for mammary gland development and milk yield (DYBUS et al. 2004).
Analysis of Hungarian sport horse show jumping results using different transformations and models
Authors: Posta J. , Mihók S. , Márkus S. , Komlósi I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to estimate heritabilities and to compare data transformation methods and models for Hungarian Sporthorse show jumping results. The analysis is based on data collected between 1996 and 2005. The linear animal model included fixed effects of gender, breeder, rider, age, and start (coded as year of competition, type of competition and height of obstacle). Square root, cubic and fourth roots, Blom score and cotangent transformed ranks were used as measurements of performance. Difference the height of the obstacle and fault points, height of the obstacle and height of the obstacle and fault point were also used as performance traits. Variance and covariance components were estimated with VCE-5 software package. Model fit was evaluated by log-likelihood values and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). Heritability was low for each performance trait and each model. The poorest goodnessof- fit model was the difference between height of the obstacle and fault points, whereas the best fitting genetic model based on AIC was from using the cotangent transformation.
Effect of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CAPN1 gene on beef tenderness (Brief Report)
Authors: Soria L. A. , Corva P. M. , Sica A. B. , Schor A. , Melucci L. M. , Villarreal E. L. , Mezzadra C. A. , Cantet R. J. C. , Miquel M. C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Meat tenderness is an important trait in beef cattle production, as consumers consider tenderness the most important attribute of beef palatability. There is ample evidence that post mortem proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins is responsible for the decline in shear force during storage. The bovine micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease (CAPN1) gene encodes the large subunit of μ-calpain, which is thought to be one of the most important enzymes involved in post mortem tenderization (KOOHMARAIE 1996). Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the CAPN1 gene (316, 530 and 4 751 markers) have been associated with tenderness in different cattle breeds (PAGE et al. 2002, PAGE et al. 2004, WHITE et al. 2005). A more recent study confirmed that markers 316 and 4 751 had an effect on beef tenderness (VAN EENENNAAM et al. 2007). The objective of this research was to determine the existence of polymorphisms and to assess the effect of the reported SNP in the bovine CAPN1 gene on tenderness from a sample of Angus and Brangus steers fattened on pasture.
Genetic variants in the repeat region of MHC class I for miniature pig (Brief Report)
Authors: Chung H. , Kim J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Recently, miniature pigs have been issued for xenotransplantation studies (CHARON et al. 2000) to verify what major factors are critical matters for immune responses in human. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) knowing for high rate of mutations and responsible for systematic immune responses is essential to understand swine immunology. Numerous studies have documented the influence of swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) genes on immune responses, organ and cell transplantation success and disease resistance (SMITH et al. 2004). The satellite region in MHC can be used to identify individuals as well as breeds, and it is important to characterize and breed unique miniature pig lines for supporting organ transplantation studies. Up to the present moment, genetic variants including repeat units (CA14-20) located between the SLA-1 and SLA-5 genes are available with GenBank acc. no. AJ131112, AP009559, AP009558, AP009556, AP009555, and CU311184, but miniature pigs have not been reported.
Prediction of mono and multiphasic growth parameters of broilers (Short Communication)
Authors: Mendeş M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to predict mono and multiphasic growth model parameters of broilers. For this purpose daily body weights-age data of 106 male and female chickens reared under different stocking densities (GR1=11 birds/m2 , GR2=17 birds/m2 and GR3=25 birds/m2) were used. Results of mono and multiphasic (diphasic and triphasic) growth curve analyses showed that defining the growth of birds using multiphasic growth models instead of monophasic growth models, displays more detailed and reliable results. Based on goodness-of-fit criteria, lead to the choice of a triphasic logistic growth function for GR1 and GR2, and diphasic function for GR3 males and females.
Comparison of Mangalica and Hungarian Large White pigs at identical bodyweight: 1. Backfat histology (Short Communication)
Authors: Szabó A. , Viski A. , Egyházi Z. , Házas Z. , Horn P. , Romvári R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. At 130 kg bodyweight Mangalica and Hungarian Large White pig adipose tissue was compared, by means of histology. Adipose cell diameter (117.2 ± 24.1 vs. 55.3 ± 17 μm, Mangalica vs. Hungarian Large White), size (118.9 ± 44.3 vs. 31.9 ± 0.63 μm2∙100) and volume (8.01 ± 0.67 vs. 2.18 ± 0.18 μm3 ∙1 000) was significantly higher in Mangalica, while the hydroxyproline content (0.04 ± 0.005 vs. 0.23 ± 0.014 weight% of wet tissue) and the connective tissue area in the microscopic images (%) were ca. 5-fold higher in Hungarian Large White. The present quantitative results underscore the experience that at identical bodyweight the fat (89.9 ± 1.19 vs. 78.9 ± 0.39 %) and dry matter content (97.8 ± 1.72 vs. 87.7 ± 0.38 %, Mangalica vs. Hungarian Large White), as well as the cellularity of Mangalica largely differs from that of Hungarian Large White.
Relationship of early laying, number and weight of laid eggs to fertility and hatchability of eggs in initial laying lines of hens
Authors: Máchal L. , Švábová L. , Severa L. , Filipčík R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The relationships between age of hens, number of laid eggs, egg weight on one hand and fertility and hatchability on the other were analysed during two periods of individual pedigree hatching. Altogether 1 369 hens originated from 9 selected initial laying lines of Bar Plymouth Rock (BPR) (3 lines), Rhode Island Red (RIR) (4 lines), Rhode Island White (RIW), and Sussex Light (SUL) breeds. A total number of 23 473 eggs from hens of all 9 aforementioned lines were set after being artificially inseminated. The total average hatchability of set eggs was 73.2 % and the average percentage of unfertilised eggs was 9.3 %. Positive correlations (rp =0.22 to rp =0.72; P<0.01) were found between the total number of eggs laid till the 240th day of age and the number of eggs produced at the beginning of the laying period in the all studied lines. There were negative correlations (rp =−0.03 to rp =−0.16; P<0.01) between the total number of eggs laid till the 240th day of age and the average egg weight (on the 222nd day of age). Zero to positive correlations existed between the total number of eggs laid till the 240th day of age on one hand and the number of hatching eggs, number of hatched chicks/hen and hatchability; the calculated values ranged from rp =−0.02 to rp =0.30 (P<0.01), from rp = −0.08 to rp =0.36 (P<0.01), and from rp =−0.09 to rp =0.30 (P<0.01), respectively. Correlations between the egg weight and number of hatched chicks/hen were negative to zero and their values ranged from rp =−0.19 (P<0.01) to rp =0.02. Correlations between the egg weight and hatchability were always negative (rp =−0.15; P<0.05 to rp =−0.04). Regarding the fact that there is a concurrent selection for an increased egg weight it can be said that this preference of smaller eggs is really counter-productive. A positive relationship between the number of hatching eggs/hen and the hatchability (rp =−0.02 to rp =0.39; P<0.01) was influenced by calculated negative correlations existing between the weight of eggs and the hatchability as well as between the weight of eggs and the number of laid eggs. As far as the hatchability is concerned, it can be concluded that in the aforementioned laying lines those hens are preferred, which produce more eggs of smaller size and that this fact obviously influences also the efficiency of selection for a greater weight of produced eggs.
Six novel coding SNPs of the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene and their associations with growth traits in bovine (Brief Report)
Authors: Huang Y. , Zhang E. , Li Z. , Wang J. , Huai Y. , Ma L. , Chen F. , Lan X. , Lei C. , Wang J. , Fang X. , Chen H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene encodes a multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein that has crucial roles in the control of different aspects of cell growth and homeostasis, such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cell differentiation (GRISENDI et al. 2006, NAOE et al. 2006). As mutants of NPM1 gene impact protein synthesis, NPM1 is an essential protein in mouse development and cell growth (MAGGI et al. 2008). The bovine NPM1 gene contains one exon and locates at chromosome 9. In previous work, the 12-bp deletion was detected in bovine NPM1 gene coding region. (HUANG et al. 2010). In this study, the coding region of bovine NPM1 gene has been scanned by PCR-SSCP, DNA sequencing and forced PCR-RFLP methods for SNPs in 1 032 individuals belonging to four Chinese cattle breeds. Association of six mutations of NPM1 gene with growth traits was analyzed.
Polymorphisms in genes CTSB, CTSD, CAPN2, KLK1 and TGFB1 not associated with susceptibility to atypical or classical ovine scrapie
Authors: Caspari D. K. , Balkema-Buschman A. , Brandt H. R. , Groschup M. H. , Erhardt G. , Lühken G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In the present study polymorphisms in the genes cathepsin B (CTSB), cathepsin D (CTSD), calpain, large polypeptide L2 (CAPN2), kallikrein 1 (KLK1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) were investigated for association with scrapie susceptibility in sheep. Therefore single nucleotide polymorphisms in the respective genes were identified and examined for a potential impact on the gene function with different computer programs. Samples of 72 atypical and 104 classical scrapie cases as well as of 443 clinically healthy flock mates were genotyped by PCR-based screening methods. Neither allele frequencies nor genotype frequencies showed significant differences between scrapie positive sheep and control animals in any of the investigated genes.
A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IGF1R gene and the association with growth traits in yak (Brief Report)
Authors: Liang C. , Yan P. , Yao Y. , Pei J. , Guo X. , Zeng Y. , Bao P. , Chu M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) is a peptide growth factor that exerts mitogenic and metabolic activities, which are regulators of growth, survival and cell differentiation in a number of cell and tissue types. To elicit its effects, IGF1 must bind its receptors. The insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is similar to insulin receptor (INSR) and it mediates the growth-promoting effect of IGF1. The IGF1R gene, therefore, was selected as a biological candidate gene for growth, body composition, metabolic, and skeletal traits in animals (Rothschild et al. 1997). By now, no polymorphism of yak (Bos grunniensL) IGF1R gene is reported. In the present paper, the partial exon 1 region of IGF1R was screened to detect the SNPs in Chinese yak breeds. Associations of SNP of IGF1R with growth traits were analysed.
Cholesterol content in eggs produced by hens divergently selected for body weight (Short Communication)
Authors: Terčič D. , Levart A. , Holcman A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this work the cholesterol content of chicken eggs produced by two lines (high and low weight) representing the 31st generation of selection for divergent growth was studied. Divergent selection for body weight at 8 weeks of age resulted in changes in egg size and consequently in the weight of egg components. Higher values (P≤0.001) were observed in eggs from the high weight (D+) line for egg weight, albumen, yolk and shell weight. Percent yolk was greater (P≤0.001) and percent albumen was lower (P≤0.001) in eggs from the low weight (D−) line. Eggs from the D− line contained lower (P≤0.001) cholesterol content (mg/ egg, mg/g yolk, mg/g yolk dry matter) than eggs from the D+ line but when cholesterol was expressed in milligrams per gram of egg or per gram of edible egg, differences between the two lines were not significant. Divergent selection for body weight changed the albumen : yolk ratio and a change of this type affected the grams of cholesterol per gram of yolk values.
Sister chromatid exchange in selected horse breeds (Equus caballus)
Authors: Wójcik E. , Smalec E. , Danielewicz A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In studies of chromosome instability, the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test is a particularly sensitive cytogenetic assay for detecting DNA damage. SCE tests of chromosome instability were performed in the group of 6 horse breeds (Pure-bred Arabian, Malapolski horse, Polish noble half-bred, Polish cold-blooded, Hucul and Polish Konik). The chromosome preparations were obtained from our in vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained using the FPG technique. The mean number of SCEs/cell in the analysed population of horses was 5.14±1.44. The mean frequency of SCEs in the 6 analysed horse breeds varied depending on the breed. Statistically significant differences were observed between the horse breeds (P<0.01). No statistically significant differences in the number of SCEs per cell were found between the males and females (5.10±1.34 and 5.20±1.52, respectively). The horses were also assessed for the number of SCEs/cell in relation to the age of the animals. The differences between the age groups were statistically significant (P<0.01).
Genetic variability in the body weight of Sudan desert goats
Authors: Yousif I. , Fadlelmoula A. , Ismail A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Data on 586 kids from 30 bucks and 120 does of Sudan desert goats was used in the present study. The study aimed at investigating the genetic variations of body weight at various ages. Range of heritability estimates for body weight from birth to 6th month was 0.04–0.54. The estimates from dam component ranged 0.28–0.68 which was higher than that from sire component estimates. The genetic correlations for body weight at various ages were substantially high, ranged from 0.51–0.99 as sire, dam and dam nested in sire components. Phenotypic correlations of body weight at various ages ranged from 0.43–0.99 with differences being significant (P<0.01). Low to high environmental correlations (0.10–0.33) were encountered as dam component. However, the random effect of sire was found to be significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated.