bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHICILLIN RESISTANCE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) FROM CSOM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Kavitha A.V. , Ravinder Thyagarajan , Katragadda Radhika , Vajravelu Leela
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the major cause of preventable hearing loss if treated promptly. Emergence of resistant strains in the world is of great concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from CSOM cases with special emphasis on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Ear swabs were collected from 212 patients attending otorhinolaryngology department, GKMC, Chennai was processed in Microbiology lab. Direct gram staining was done and then inoculated into Blood, MacConkey and Nutrient agar. Bacterial identification was done using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: 60 Gram positive bacteria were isolated from collected ear swabs. Staphylococcus aureus 46(26.59%) was the most common bacteria among Gram positive organism followed by CONS 9(5.20%) and Enterococci 5(2.89%). Staphylococcus aureus showed 41(89.13%) was sensitive to amikacin and 40(86.95%) to ofloxacin. All the Gram Positive cocci were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. 19.53% were confirmed as MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Microbial pattern can vary in different location in different periods of time. Hence knowledge of appropriate aetiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of CSOM helps in rational use of antibiotics and control of drug resistance.MRSA is emerging as an important pathogen in CSOM. Empirical antibiotics should be directed to gram positives, and especially, MRSA should be taken into consideration.
A STUDY ON CLINICAL CORRELATES OF POSTSTROKE ANXIETY
Authors: Samantray Swayanka , Sahoo Srikanta Ku. , Sahoo Surjeet , Dash S.R.
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Aim of our study is to determine the relation of age of stroke onset, gender, type of stroke, site of lesion and medical comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension with HAM-A scores in PSA.
Materials and Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted over 2 months that included 61 patients from neurology OPD of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Purposive sampling was done. The patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were first assessed using a semi structured proforma in order to obtain the socio-demographic data. Based on the clinical findings and using ICD 10-DCR criteria the 61 patients with CVA were segregated as stroke with anxiety disorder and without anxiety disorder. HAM-A and HAM-D scales were applied on both the groups. MRI findings were obtained.
Results: There was significant difference on HAM-A (F=0.031, p=0.000) and HAM-D scores (F=4.453, p=0.039) between the two groups with PSA patients showing higher mean value as compared to non-anxiety stroke patients. There was no significant difference with respect to type of stroke (χ2=2.566; p=0.109), hemispherical involvement (χ2=2.621; p=0.270) and medical co-morbidities i.e. hypertension and type 2 DM between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the mean HAM-A scores across the two hemispheres (p= 0.384), types of stroke (p=0.605), and medical co-morbidities [hypertension (p=0.204); type 2 DM (p=0.965)] among PSA patients.
Conclusion: In PSA patients the higher mean value of HAM-D in comparison to stroke patients without anxiety suggests that anxiety disorder in stroke survivors may be a predictor of impending depressive disorder. Age, gender, type of stroke and site of lesion do not show any correlation with PSA in our study in contrast to other studies which can be attributed to the sample size of this study.
INTRODUCTION OF CASE BASED LEARNING IN UNDERGRADUATE PATHOLOGY TEACHING.
Authors: Gogoi Geetanjali
Published: February 2021

Pathology is a subject which bridges the basic medical sciences with clinical sciences in medical education. The undergraduate pathology classes in our Medical Colleges usually include didactic lectures, conventional practical and tutorial classes. The subject of Pathology can be made more interesting for the students by developing in them a proper understanding of the pathologic basis of disease at the 2nd MBBS level with clinical co-relation. One of the innovative method which can be used in this regard is case-based learning. I undertook this project to introduce case-based learning in undergraduate pathology teaching at Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat for the second MBBS students. Both student's and teacher’s feedback were evaluated concerning their perceptions towards the method, its conduct and the various aspects of CBL.
Spectral Differential Privacy: Application to Smart Meter Data
Authors: Parker Kendall , Barooah Prabir , Hale Matthew
Published: February 2021

We present Spectral Differential Privacy (SpDP), a novel form of differential privacy designed to protect the frequency content of time series data that come from wide sense stationary stochastic processes. This notion is motivated by privacy needs in applications with time series data over unbounded time, such as smart meters. First, a notion of differential privacy on the space of (discretized) spectral densities is introduced. A Gaussian-like mechanism for SpDP is then presented that provides differential privacy to the spectral density. Next, a novel streaming implementation is developed to enable real-time use of the proposed mechanism. The privacy guarantee provided by SpDP is independent of the time duration over which data is collected or shared. In contrast, time-domain trajectory-level differential privacy (TrDP) will require noise with large variance to provide privacy over an extended time duration. The technique is numerically evaluated using smart meter data from a single home to compare the utility of SpDP to that of time-domain trajectory-level differential privacy. The noise added by SpDP is substantially smaller than that added by time-domain TrDP, particularly when privacy over long time horizons is sought by TrDP.
Evaluation of the Employment of UAVs as Fog Nodes
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Rodrigo Augusto , da Fonseca Nelson Luis Saldanha , Boutaba Raouf
Published: February 2021

In fog computing, processing, network, and storage resources are placed close to the end users to assure a low latency in comparison to the latency experienced when accessing services in the cloud. One limitation of this solution, however, is that fog nodes are usually fixed, whereas demands are variable over time at all locations, resulting in underutilization of the fog resources as well as unnecessary provisioning of fog resources. One way for dealing with this problem is the employment of mobile nodes to cope with the variability in resource demand. This paper studies how unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with processing capabilities can be used in this perspective, and proposes a solution to the fog node location problem considering both fixed and mobile nodes. It proposes the UAV Fog Node Location (UFL) algorithm to evaluate potential replacements of fixed servers by UAVs. The proposed algorithm can be used for long term planning under the assumption of changes in the prices of UAVs. An evaluation of the problem using data generated by real mobile users shows that UAVs can improve the design of future fog networks.

This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.
CONTROL METHODS OF THE RED CHICKEN MITE
Authors: Avdosieva I. K. , Ponomareva S. А. , Malynivsky V. M. , Flyak L. I.
Published: February 2021

One of the most dangerous ectoparasites that infects poultry is the red chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae), which causes dermanisiosis, which is widespread in many countries around the world, including all regions of Ukraine. The article shows the basic biological and ecological characteristics of the red chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae.

gallinae is a carrier of infectious and viral diseases including: Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella enteritidis, Chlamydia spp., Borrelia anserine rhusiopathiae, Listeria monocytogenes, Coxiella burnetii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sрр., Marek's disease, Newcastle disease and other dangerous poultry diseases.

gallinae causes significant economic damage due to reduced egg productivity, quality of poultry products and increased culling and death of poultry due to depletion.

The article analyzes the market of insecticides registered in Ukraine for the control of red mites. The effectiveness of preventive and curative measures in the battle against D. gallinae largely depends on the method and desacarization medication. Among the existing methods of control against D. gallinae remains chemical because synthetic insecticides have a wide range of action, while destroying a number of pests from different groups at different stages of development.

To prevent outbreaks and spread of mites in poultry farms, it is necessary to systematically implement a set of organizational and veterinary measures, taking into account the biological characteristics of the development of existing ectoparasites in the farm and technological cycles of poultry.
PREVENTION OF POULTRY INFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Avdosieva I. K. , Chaikovska O. I. , Basarab O. B. , Regenchuk V. V.
Published: February 2021

Significant economic losses to poultry farms are caused by infectious, especially viral diseases, including infectious avian encephalomyelitis (IAE). A possible threat to the profitability of the poultry industry in Ukraine at present is the epizootic disadvantage of poultry infectious encephalomyelitis. Economic losses from IAE include losses from increased poultry death, reduced productivity, hatchability of chickens, additional costs for disease prevention and elimination. Quick and effective diagnosis of the disease, in this case, makes it possible to predict the development of the epizootic process, assess possible economic losses, timely and correctly develop a plan of treatment and prevention measures. Permanent immunity is formed after the disease (again, the poultry is usually not sick), as well as during vaccination. The only effective method of IAE prevention is preventive vaccination of parent flocks and laying hens with live vaccine before laying eggs (in immune herds of laying hens, the virus is not transmitted vertically). In Ukraine, live - mono and combined vaccines have been registered for the specific prevention of IAE, including: mono- vaccines - 5 (45.4 %) and combined - 6 (54.6 %).

During selective serological monitoring of blood sera of poultry eggs from some poultry farms of Ukraine for the presence of antibodies to the IAE virus of poultry, different levels of average titers were found. In total, the blood sera of laying hens from 34 batches from 15 poultry farms were tested for the presence of medium antibodies to the IAE virus. Medium antibody titers in poultry that were vaccinated with live IEM vaccines once at the age of 62-70 days ranged from 999 to 12785. Below the baseline, medium titers were found in 2 batches, namely among birds aged 13 and 22 weeks.

When determining the effectiveness of the vaccine VIR 110, Biovak (Israel), which was used on 29 batches of laying hens, it was found that the average titers to IAE virus ranged from 222 to 10520. Moreover, the average titers of antibodies to IAE were below baseline (from 5000 - 12,000) among birds of 3 batches at 13, 15, and 45 weeks of age, which is 10.3 %. The effectiveness of the vaccine VIR 110 (Biovac) against IAE was 89,7 %. Continuous serological monitoring is necessary to monitor the effectiveness of IAE vaccinations and the epizootic welfare of poultry.
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE METHOD FOR DETECTION CHICKEN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS CORONAVIRUS
Authors: Klestova Z. S. , Voronina A. K. , Yushchenko A. Yu. , Vatlitsova O. S. , Dorozinsky G. V. , Ushenin Yu. V. , Maslov V. P. , Doroshenko T. P. , Kravchenko S. O.
Published: February 2021

The article presents a new developed method, which is able to detect the chicken infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antigen in real time in various buffer solutions, using the surface plasmon resonance (PPR) nanobiosensor of the Plasmon-6 device. The PPR method is hypersensitive to changes in external factors, including the interaction of antigen (coronavirus) and specific antibodies. If the interaction does not happen, the resonance occurs at other angular parameters of the position of the sensitive PPR element relative to the laser radiation. Therefore, the PPR method is becoming a new effective rapid technique of viral pathogen detection, which is important for effective control over infectious diseases spreading. The possibility of IBK virus detection by the PPR sensor response, with preliminary immobilization of antigen or antibodies, is shown, involving the device "Plasmon- 6". The duration of the experiment is about 2 hours, which significantly saves research time compared to other methods (6-48 hours). The changes in the resonance angle in the range of 360-500 angle. sec when the IBC virus antigen binds to serum antibodies in water (distilled) were detected. The angular shift of the nanosensor resonance was determined when the IBC virus antigen bound to the serum antibodies in the PBS, which averaged 354 angular seconds. The possibilities of using the PPR method for express detection of the coronavirus infections pathogen in animal fluids in real time are demonstrated in article. Taking into account the significant social and economic negative consequences of the Coronaviridae virus family members and considering the current situation with the worldwide spread of COVID-19, the representative of the coronavirus family – the Infectious Bronchitis virus has been selected as a model.
DETERMINATION OF ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF THE DRUG BASED ON CHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Kotsyumbas І. Ya. , Patereha I. P. , Kushnir V. I. , Yurynets T. V. , Martynyk S. Ya. , Chudyak M. M.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of determination of acute and subacute toxicity of the drug "Chloracil", which was made on the basis of chlortetracycline hydrochloride. In result of the conducted researches, it was found out, that a single intragastric administration of the drug according to SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011 belongs to the 4th class of toxicity - low-toxic substances.

In determining the toxicity of the drug by the long-term use, it was found out, that the use of Chloracil in therapeutic and in 10 times higher than the therapeutic doses did not cause death of white rats. The animals of the experimental groups were active, ate well food , and the general condition of the animals did not differ from the condition of the animals of the control group, but there was a tendency to decrease the weights of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus and kidneys on the background of an increase of body weight by 3.4 and 7.3% (p <0.05), compared to the values of the control group. Therefore, the use of the tested drug in above doses for 14 days does not significantly affect on the functional state of the internal organs of experimental animals.

The study of the effect of the drug on the hematological parameters of blood by long-term use showed that in therapeutic and in 10-time higher therapeutic doses observed a tendency to decrease the hemoglobin concentration, amount of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hematocrit value, on the background of a slight an increase of platelet. In determining the value of erythrocyte indices, it was noted that the use of the drug "Chloracil" in animals of I and II experiments did not cause significant changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were at the level of the control group.

When studying the effect of the drug on the biochemical parameters of blood serum in animals of I and II experimental groups, there was a tendency to decrease the level of creatinine, activity of AST, ALT and LP activity on the background of a slight an increase of total protein content.

Analysis of the obtained data shows that the use of the drug "Chloracil" to white rats for 14 days in therapeutic and in 10-time higher therapeutic doses caused a slight decrease in the weight of internal organs, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, which that in turn did not significantly effect on the general condition of animals.
ACTIVITY OF MALATE-ASPARTATE SHUTTLE ENZYMES OF BULLS AND BOARS REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND EPIDIDIMAL SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Kuzmina N. V. , Ostapiv D. D. , Chajkovska O. I. , Ostapiv R. D. , Panych O. P.
Published: February 2021

The activity of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in the reproductive organs and epididimal sperm of bulls and boars was studied.

The research was conducted on bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed (n = 5; aged 14 - 16 months) and boars of the Great White breed (n = 3; aged 10 - 12 months). After slaughter, the testes and testicular appendages were removed and the spermatozoa were washed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Testicular and epididimal tissues were homogenized and centrifuged. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malate dehydrogenase (MDG) and protein concentration were determined in the supernatant and epididimal sperm.

The specie and tissue specificity of aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase activity have been established. In particular, in bulls, the activity of AST in the tissues of the testis, head and body of the epididymis of bulls is almost the same (116.5 - 118.3 nmol/min×mg of protein) and on 18.5 - 19.7% (р<0,05) higher in the tail of the appendix. In this case, MDG activity in the reproductive organs shows wavy changes: in the testicular tissue is high (1.96 ± 0.15 nmol / min × mg of protein), and in the epididymis: in the head is reduced (3.5 times ; p <0,001), increased in the body (p <0,05) and decreased again in the tail. In the sperm of bulls, the activity of AST from the head of the appendix - 69.3 ± 8.06 nmol / min × mg of protein, from the body - increased (p <0.05) and again (p <0.001) decreased from the tail of the appendix. MDG activity in sperm from the head of the epididymis was 0.50 ± 0.04 nmol/min×mg of protein, lower by 38.0% (p <0.05) from the body and 50.0% (p <0.001) higher in the tail.

In boars, the activity of AST in testicular tissue - 20.3 ± 5.22 nmol / min × mg of protein and higher in the appendix: 45.6% - in the head, 59.0% - in the body and 64.0 % - in the tail. Similarly, the activity of MDG in testicular tissue was 0.22 ± 0.02 nmol / min × mg of protein, increases by 40.6% in the head and remained at the same level in the body of the appendix, and in the tail tissue above 2, 5 - 2.7 times (p <0.001). In bovine germ cells, the activity of AST and MDG from the body of the appendix was, respectively, 102.3 ± 6.1 and 13.20 ± 0.15 nmol / min × mg of protein, lowered twice (p <0,001) and 10.7 % in the head and more than four times (p <0,001) and 61,2% (p <0,001) in the tail of the appendix.
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF FEED ADDITIVE ON BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Levytskyі T. R.
Published: February 2021

A study of the effectiveness of the use of feed additive Liaform in relation to its effect on the growth and development of broiler chickens. For research, 2 groups of broiler chickens of 55 heads (control and experimental) from 8 days of age were formed on the principle of analogues. Feeding of the control group was carried out with standard complete feed. Feeding of the experimental group was carried out with standard complete feed, in which the feed additive Liaform was added at the rate of 2 g / kg. During the experiment, the general condition of the bird, the safety of the bird, zootechnical and hematological parameters were monitored. It is established that the studied feed additive has a positive effect on the productivity of broiler chickens, improves feed absorption. As a result of the use of feed additive Liaform live weight of broiler chickens in the experimental group was 4.3 % higher compared to the control. The average daily gain of chickens in the experimental group exceeded this figure of chickens in the control group by 4,1 %. The use of feed additives helped to increase feed conversion. The use of Liaform feed increased the protein level in poultry meat
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ENROFLOXACIN AND CYPROFLOXACIN IN CHICKEN SERUM USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION
Authors: Melikyan S. , Biront N. , Pazderska O. , Mysko G. , Shymko M.-M. , Yanovych D.
Published: February 2021

Since Ukraine is a member of the World Trade Organization, so it has necessitated the transition of the entire veterinary drugs pharmacy industry to European and world levels and quality standards. Thus, a bill was approved this year which amended the process of state registration of veterinary drugs in the country. Therefore, the developed method is intended for clinical and pharmaceutical studies of veterinary drugs based on the active substances enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin. Target analytes were extracted from the sample using the extraction by dichloromethane for 15 minutes, concentrated by drying and degreased with hexane/carbon tetrachloride. The procedure of sample preparation of fortified blood serum to construct calibration graphs is described in the manuscript. The mobile phase in the chromatographic separation consisted of acetonitrile and citrate buffer solution. The gradient mode of eluents was used during 16 min at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Ciprofloxacin retention time is 8.80 min, and enrofloxacin retention time is 10.45 min. The validation parameters of the method were considered in accordance with the criteria of Council Directive 2002/657/EC and the Eurachem Guide. The specificity of the analytical technique was checked by chromatographic separation of serum sample spiked with enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin mixture at the concentration of 20 μg/l and blank serum sample. The method is linear in the concentration range of 5.0 - 50.0 μg/l of each analyte. The results obtained in the study of the linearity of this technique were used to estimate the correctness and convergence. The accuracy of the measurements was evaluated by examining the known amounts of analytes added to the control serum samples. Recovery data are acceptable because they are within ± 10% of the target value. The method has sufficient convergence (accuracy). The evaluation of the intermediate accuracy of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was assessed on three different days of analysis. The main advantages of the developed method are high selectivity and high sensitivity. The limit of detection for enrofloxacin is 0.05 μg/l, and for ciprofloxacin it is 0.02 μg/l, which competes with previously published HPLC/FLD methods for the determination these quinolones.
DIAGNOSIS OF UROCYSTITIS IN A DOMESTIC CAT (CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Melnik А. V. , Kanivets N. S. , Karysheva L. P. , Lokesa P.I. , Burtseva D. D.
Published: February 2021

Urocystitis, as a nosological unit, explains the inflammatory process of acute or chronic nature in the bladder and urethra. This disease is quite common among cats kept indoors.

Early diagnosis of urocystitis, in particular differential, is difficult and should be comprehensive, and include: collection of medical history, clinical examination of a sick animal, laboratory examination of urine, ultrasound (ultrasound diagnosis) of the urinary system. The article presents a clinical case from the veterinary practice of diagnosing urocystitis in a domestic cat. The research was conducted according to generally accepted methods, using special equipment. Catheterization of the bladder was performed to select urine. Changes in the clinical condition characterized by oppression of the animal, pale mucous membranes, anorexia, dysuria, forced posture of the animal, hematuria. Urination in a sick animal is frequent and difficult, or no, hyperemia of the penis, there is pain on palpation of the bladder. In the urine of animals with urocystitis revealed a decrease in relative density to 1.017 g / m3 and an increase in pH to 6.6. Epithelial cells of the bladder, leukocytes (up to 10 cells in the field of view) and a significant number of erythrocytes were registered in the sediment. Biochemical examination diagnosed elevated urea content, which corresponded to 18.8 mmol / l and creatinine - 158.1 μmol / l, respectively. The results of ultrasonographic examination of the urinary system in a sick animal are highlighted. Changes in the size of the bladder due to significant filling of urine, diffuse thickening of its walls and the presence of sediment in the form of flakes, which is easily moved and visualized sharply echopositively.

Diagnostic tests and their analysis confirmed the diagnosis of urocystitis in a domestic cat.
CATTLE ECTOPARASITES AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Nahorna L. V. , Proskurinа I. V.
Published: February 2021

The article presents data on the establishment of the possibility of permanent ectoparasites of cattle to transmit pathogens of infectious diseases. Temporary and permanent ectoparasites are a constant threat in cattle farms. Permanent ectoparasites of ruminants can be carriers and reserves of pathogens of infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial etiology. They create additional risks and dangers that prevent the maximum realization of the genetic potential of productive animals. The work was performed during 2019-2020 on the basis of livestock farms of Sumy and Poltava regions, parasitological and bacteriological departments of the Sumy regional state laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. In the conditions of cattle farms, selective parasitological studies of animals for infection with ectoparasites were performed. Detected ectoparasites were placed in test tubes with 70 % ethyl alcohol, in order to further their species identification.

To study the contamination of ectoparasites with microorganisms, they were made of saline in a ratio of 1:10. Then the resulting suspension was sown on nutrient media (dense and liquid) to isolate: Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In the course of selective parasitological studies of cattle of different ages in the farms of Sumy and Poltava regions, we found different intensities of animal invasion by hair follicles Bovicola bovis. Pathogenic properties of microorganisms were established by bioassay on guinea pigs and white mice. Pathogenic properties of bacteria of the genus Listeria spp. checked by conjunctival and dermo-necrotic tests on guinea pigs. During the three days of observation, redness was noted at the site of intradermal injection, with a marked increase in local temperature. Conjunctival hyperemia and eye discharge have also been reported.

To determine the pathogenicity of E. coli, white mice were infected intraperitoneally. The death of animals was recorded on the third day, indicating the pathogenicity of the isolated E. coli.

In a series of microbiological studies, it was found that the hair follicles of Bovicola bovis are carriers of pathogenic coccal microflora: S. aureus, E. coli and bacteria of the genus Listeria spp.
INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLVENT pH EFFECT ON SHORT-TERM STABILITY OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN SOLUTION
Authors: Ostapiv R. D. , Tkachenko V. І.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pH on the short-term stability of both individual water-soluble vitamins and their mixtures, thus characterizing the robustness of the method in relation to the pH of the solvent as one of the validation method parameters. Determination of vitamin concentration was performed by liquid chromatographic method immediately after their dissolution, as well as after exposure for 1, 2 and 3 hours at a temperature of 20ºC. The analysis was performed on a Waters liquid chromatograph equipped with an Alliance 2690 separation module with a PAD 996 diode array detector. Sample separation conditions: Luna Omega Polar C18 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm chromatographic column. Mobile phase: a mixture of acetonitrile with 0.05 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 3.0. For the separation of thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid (vitamin group I), the ratio of components was 3:97, for the separation of ascorbic acid, riboflavin and cyanocobalamin (vitamin group II) - 15:85. The injection volume was 0.01 ml, the mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was 25ºC, and the separation time was 10 minutes. The detection wavelength is 265 nm.

It was found that the decrease in the concentration of vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and nicotinamide in mixtures with ascorbic acid was within 10% at all pH values except 9.0. When buffer with this pH was used, the concentration of vitamin B1 decreased by 38 % in mixtures with vitamins B6, C and nicotinamide. Vitamin C was the most sensitive to pH. Thus, the greatest decrease in the concentration of ascorbic acid was recorded with the use of phosphate buffer with pH 5.0 and 7.0, both in group I vitamins and when vitamin C was present in solution without other vitamins. At pH 9.0, the concentration of ascorbic acid decreased in the range of 50-80 %. Ascorbic acid was stable when solvent with a pH of 3.0 was used. This solvent is proposed to be used for further validation of methods for determining water-soluble vitamins in premixes and feed additives.
COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF PROTEIN VALUE OF FEED RAW MATERIALS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
Authors: Ryvak Н. P. , Boyko G. I. , Ryvak R. O. , Davydovych S. V.
Published: February 2021

The article presents a literature review on the need to balance feed for farm animals and poultry on the content of complete protein, which contains a complete set of essential and essential amino acids, the characteristics of feed materials of animal origin in relation to its protein value.

The section "Materials and methods" presents methods for determining: crude protein by the Kjeldahl method, digestible protein with 0,2 % pepsin, and the coefficient of digestibility, and the principles of testing, as well as characteristics of methods for determining the content of essential and non-essential amino acids. incl. sulfur-containing, using the system of capillary electrophoresis "Kapel-105M".

As a result of the conducted researches it is established that in terms of protein value (digestible protein and digestibility coefficient) feather flour is the least valuable, it is also poor in lysine, methionine, tryptophan and histidine, compared to other types of raw materials, despite hydrolysis and high heat treatment. Meat and bone meal are also less valuable in terms of digestible protein and essential amino acids. The best indicators of protein value were observed in dry blood plasma in terms of digestible protein content and digestibility coefficient, which is 89.9%, which indicates its good digestibility by animals and poultry.

In terms of digestible protein, essential amino acids and digestibility, meat, blood meal and dry blood plasma are the most valuable. Due to this, these products are effective in feeding for protein synthesis of livestock and poultry products.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT SODIUM METABISULPHITE CONTENT IN PREPARED MEDICINAL FORMS OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Teslyar H. Yu. , Smolinska M. Ya. , Kotsyumbas I. Ya. , Chyhyn N. M. , Rohulia N. G. , Pilip A. R.
Published: February 2021

An analytical method for the quantitative determination of antioxidant sodium metabisulphite in veterinary drugs has been proposed by spectrophotometric method. Based on the literature data, the optimal conditions of the analytical reaction were selected experimentally. The dependence of the value of the analytical signal on the temperature of the reaction medium, concentration of p-rosaniline and duration of the reaction was investigated to establish the optimal conditions of the analytical reaction and obtain a stable analytical signal. The stability of the colored analytical form in time was also checked and the linear dependence of the value of the analytical signal on the concentration of sodium metabisulphite was investigated. The analytical reaction at room temperature is optimal. The maximum analaytical signal is achieved by carrying out the analytical reaction for 10 minutes and then practically does not change for an hour. To achieve the maximum analytical signal, it is necessary to use a 20-fold excess of dye relative to sodium metabisulphite. The analytical signal remains stable only for the first hour, then gradually begins to decrease. Metrological characteristics of the method of determination of metabisulphite in veterinary drugs are calculated, the limits of spectrophotometric determination are 0.33 – 2.50 μg/ml. The correctness of the developed method was checked on model solutions by the method of "introduced-found" method of comparison in the presence of various biologically active substances that are part of drugs together with sodium metabisulphite. The content of sodium metabisulphite in veterinary drugs of domestic and foreign production at different intervals of their storage time was established. It is shown that the content of sodium metabisulphite in drugs decreases during their storage time, until complete disappearance, which directly affects the content of the active substance, because in the absence of antioxidant oxidative processes with biologically active substances begin to take place.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMPLEX DRUGS BASED ON PIRANTEL PAMOAT, FEBANTEL AND PRAZIKVANTEL FOR HELMINTHOSIS OF DOGS AND CATS
Authors: Tishyn O. L. , Yuskiv I. D. , Perih Zn. M.
Published: February 2021

The article presents data on the effectiveness of the new complex antiparasitic drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic drug for dogs and cats (suspension)» in comparison with the reference drugs «Drontal@ plus with meat taste» and «Drontal@ for cats» in use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in helminthiasis of dogs and cats of different breeds.

According to the results of helminthocoprological studies of feces, it was found that on the 7th day after the use of the experimental drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic for dogs and cats (suspension)» in one dog and one puppy (from 6 animals) a slight invasion (intensity of invasion of the pathogen Toxocara canis was 1–2 eggs in 1 g of feces) was observed, ie during this invasion the studied drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic for dogs and cats (suspension)» on the 7th day after application showed 83.3 % efficiency. However, the experimental animals had no invasion in the helminthocoprologic studies of the pathogen Toxocara canis on 14th day after treatment with this drug. In comparison, animals treated with reference drugs of endoparasitic pathogens on the 7th and 14th day of the study was not detected.

It should be noted that in cats on the 7th day after treatment, according to helminthocoprological studies, nematode pathogens were not detected.

The extensitivity of the experimental drug and reference drugs in field (production) trials for nematodes (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis ) of puppies, dogs and cats was 100 %.

It was found that the tolerability of the antiparasitic drug by animals was good, it did not change the clinical signs and did not cause toxic effects. The drug has shown high extensibility in endoparasitic diseases of dogs and cats when used individually for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes and can be recommended for use in the practice of veterinary medicine.
QUALITY OF DECONSERVED BULL SPERM AFTER ADDITION OF MICROELEMENTS CONNECTED TO N-DERIVATIVE PEG400 TO DILUENT
Authors: Yaremchuk I. , Sharan M. , Ostapiv D. , Kornjat S. , Korbecjkyj A. , Andrushko O. , Chajkovska О. , Ostapiv R. , Varvarenko S. , Ferens M. , Samaryk V. J. , Nosova N. , Fihurka N. , Dron I.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the work was to establish optimal regimes for sperm cryopreservation when using nano-complexes in environments. The effect of micronutrients (Сu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) in the polymer- transporters on the survival and fertilization capacity of sperm bulls was investigated. To assess the validity of the complexes N-derivative PEG400, ejaculates were chosen with volume – from 2 to 5 ml, concentration - 0,7 - 1,2×109 cells/ml and sperm activity 7.0 - 8.0 points. Sperm diluted with lactose-yolk-glycerin diluent was divided into parts: control - without addition and experimental with the addition of N-derivative PEG400 (N-PEG400) with a content of 1 ml of solution: Zn2+ - 0,0319 mmol; Cu2+ - 0.0222 mmol; Mn2+ – 0.0359 mmol. In the test sperm samples were added 0.01 ml of solutions of microelements in the polymer composition in ml of diluted ejaculate. Sperm survival was determined in sperm survival samples, motility, respiratory activity, activity of enzymes-markers of sperm fertility - succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CHO).

It was found that the optimal equilibration time of sperm in the presence of microelements in the diluent of N-derivatives of PEG400 is 2.5 hours. In this case, the activity of sperm in the presence of N-derivatives of PEG400 depends on the exposure of spermatozoa over nitrogen vapor and the ability of trace elements to affect metabolic processes in sperm. The highest values of the values of the dynamic parameters of sperm characterized deconserved sperm with the addition to the dilution medium of Zn2+ and Mn2+ N-derivatives of PEG400 and exposure to nitrogen vapors for 8-10 minutes. It was found that Zn2+ and Mn2+ N-derivatives of PEG400 that were added in the diluent after cooled for 8-10 min over nitrogen vapor are characterized by high spermatozoa survival. The results of enzymes-markers activity show that the use of spermatozoa containing PEG400 Zn2+ or Mn2+ N-derivatives after 8-10 min exposure to nitrogen vapor, will ensure fertilization of 65% or more heifers and cows after the first insemination. Studied dose (0.01 ml of 0.0222 mmol solution / ml of diluted semen) of Cu2+ N-PEG400 should not be used in the diluent, when freezing the ejaculate of bulls, as the intensity of oxidative processes was elevated, which was manifested by a decrease in physiological characteristics of germ cells.
Pengendalian Internal Pada Perusahaan Start Up
Authors: Farhana Regita M , Harahap Ludwina
Published: February 2021

Internal Control System is one of the tools for management to control all operational activities in line to achieve ultimate goals. As a start-up company, internal control is a must. This research conduct to analyzes internal control systems in handling inventory of vegetables and fruit-based on COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organization) theory. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data is obtained through interviews with informants.  The results showed that the company has largely implemented internal controls on vegetable and fruit inventory that according to internal control standards according to COSO. But, it is not fully implemented for environmental control and supervision activities.
Pengaruh Volume Perdagangan Saham, Leverage, dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham
Authors: Septyadi Mario Ascaryo , Bwarleling Theresia Hesti
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of Stock Trading Volume, Leverage, and Dividend Policy both simultaneously and partially from LQ45 Index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 26 program. This type of research is a quantitative study using secondary data, there are 18 companies as a sample of research data collected by purposive sampling technique. The dependent variable in this study is Stock Price Volatility, while the independent variables are Stock Trading Volume, Leverage, and Dividend Policy. The results showed that partially Stock Trading Volume has a positive and significant effect on Stock Price Volatility. Leverage and Dividend Policy have no significant effect on Stock Price Volatility. It is expected that the results of this study can be taken into consideration for investors to choose the right type of investment based on the level of stock price volatility that is influenced by various factors, especially stock trading volume..
The Relevant Anatomy of the Biceps Tendon When Performing Tenodesis in Filipino Cadaveric Specimens
Authors: Bangcoy Martin Louie , Villamin Charles Abraham , Tayag Chino Ervin , Lorenzo Patrick Henry
Published: February 2021

Background: Biceps tenodesis is a technique frequently performed in shoulder surgeries. Various techniques have been described, but there is no consensus on which technique restores the length-tension relationship. Restoration of the physiologic length-tension relationship has been correlated to better functional outcomes, such as decreased incidence of residual pain or weakness of the biceps. The objective of this study was to measure the anatomic relationship of the origin of the biceps tendon with its zones in the upper extremity. This would provide an anatomic guide or an acceptable placement of the tenodesis to reestablish good biceps tension during surgery. Methods: The study used nine adult cadavers (five males, four females) from the [withheld for blinded review]. Nine shoulder specimens were dissected and markers were placed at five points along each biceps tendon: (1) Labral origin (LO) (2) Superior bicipital groove (SBG) (3) Superior border of the pectoralis tendon (SBPMT) (4) Musculotendinous junction (MTJ) and (5) Inferior border of the pectoralis tendon (IBPMT). Using the origin of the tendon as the initial point of reference, measurements were made to the four subsequent sites. The humeral length was recorded by measuring the distance between the greater tuberosity and the lateral epicondyle as well as the tendon diameter at the articular surface. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent across all measures. A total of nine cadavers were included. Mean age of patients was 66.33 years old, ranging from 52-82 years old. These were composed of five male and four female cadavers. The mean tendon length was 24.83mm ± 4.32 from the origin to the superior border of the bicipital groove, 73.50mm ± 6.96 to the Superior Border Pectoralis Major Tendon, 100.89mm ± 6.88 to the Musculotendinous Junction, and 111.11mm ± 7.45 to the Inferior Border Pectoralis Major Tendon. The mean tendon diameter at the articular origin was 6.44mm ± 1.76. Conclusion: This study provided measurement guidelines that could restore the natural length-tension relationship during biceps tenodesis using the interference screw technique in Filipinos. A simple method of restoring a normal length-tension relationship is by doing tenodesis close to the articular origin and creating a bone socket of approximately 25mm in depth, using the superior border of the bicipital groove as a landmark.
Total and Near Total Composite Lower Eyelid Defect Reconstruction with Glabella Flap: An Excellent Option with Limited Donor Site Availability
Authors: Omar Afzal Muhammad , Sajjad Yawar , Khalid Kamran , Nazeer Tarar Moazzam
Published: February 2021

Background/Objective: Traumatic loss of the lower eye lid is usually combined with the paucity of adjacent flaps to reconstruct composite defects. We describe the use of Glabellar flaps with composite or cartilage graft to reconstruct total or near total composite lower eyelid defects and its outcome.

Material and Methods: This case series was done from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients of either gender, with unilateral post traumatic partial or full thickness lower eyelid defect of 75% eyelid loss or more and Glabellar flap as only remaining option to reconstruct the anterior lamella were included. Patients with medial, lateral canthi, upper eyelid and injuries to orbital contents were excluded. The outcome was assessed on follow-up by the presence of epiphora, ectropion, lagophthalmos, obstruction of vision, graft infection/ extrusion, lower lid retraction, donor site scarring and the need for flap debulking.

Results: 12 patients were operated for lower eyelid defects. 2 (16.7%) patients had total loss of eyelid, while 10 (83.3%) had near total loss, 7 (58.3%) patients presented with partial thickness loss of the eyelid, while rest presented with full thickness loss. 1 patient (8.3%) presented with epiphora, similarly 1 (8.3%) had obstruction of vision in down gaze and 1 (8.3%) had conjunctivitis. None had any other complaint.

Conclusion: Glabellar flap together with composite or cartilage graft is an excellent option to reconstruct total or near total composite lower eyelid defects.
Glue That Pain: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Farooq Umar , Abbas Asad , Mirza Asfand Baig , Nazir Faiza , Mehta Hiten , Shad Amjad
Published: February 2021

Tarlov cysts are cystic lesions of the nerve root sheath in the lower spine. With a reported incidence ranging from 1 to 5%, these lesions are fairly rare, benign and often asymptomatic. When they cause neural compression they may become symptomatic with sensory, motor, bowel/bladder and sexual dysfunction. The treatment of symptomatic Tarlov cysts is a controversial issue, ranging from conservative management and local steroid injections to a bewildering assortment of surgical options including CSF diversion procedures and advance microsurgical approaches with various ways of cyst manipulation. All these surgical modalities carry a high risk of serious complications, recurrence with need of a redo operation and a very variable rate of symptomatic relief ranging from 38 – 100 % in different series. Developing from the CT guided needle aspiration of the cyst which suffered disappointment in the form of re accumulation and heralded by earlier reports of aseptic meningitis, CT guided aspiration and subsequent filling of the cyst with fibrin glue has now emerged as a safe, highly effective and first line of treatment for symptomatic Tarlov cyst.
Hemorrhagic Stroke May Be the Sequelae of Brain Tumors
Authors: Khaliq Adnan , Ali Mumtaz , Azam Farooq , Ullah Akram , Tahir Hamayun , Gul Nayab
Published: February 2021

Objective:  Hemorrhagic stroke is a common neurosurgical emergency caused by multiple pathological conditions. Brain tumors can also present with acute neurodeficits secondary to hemorrhagic stroke. This study as case series was conducted to report the clinical presentation, radiological findings, causes and management of brain tumors presenting as hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials and Methods:  Clinical assessment and radiological investigations were done, including CT brain and MRI brain with contrast. Surgery was done with evacuation of the hematoma and excision of tumor, and the tissue was sent for histopathology. Post operatively patients were shifted to the intensive care unit for monitoring and ventilator support if needed. Adjuvant treatment was guided according to histopathology report.

Results:  Total number of patients who were diagnosed to have a bleed in brain tumor were thirteen (n = 13). There were 6 (46%) males and 7 (54%) females. Mean age was 55 years. Among 13 patients, 4 (31%) patients had metastatic brain tumors and 9 (69%) patients had primary brain tumors. Diagnosis was done on CT brain, MRI brain and confirmed on histopathology of tissue obtained during surgery. Out of 13 patients, 5 (38%) patients were asymptomatic prior to hemorrhage and 8 (62%) patients had neurodeficits before and recent episodes of bleeding, which caused deterioration of neurological state.

Conclusion:  Malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors can present as acute focal deficits due to brain hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, radiological features and histopathology.