bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wie du mir, so ich dir?
Authors: Schröder Lisa , Seehagen Sabine , Zmyj Norbert , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Andere Menschen zu unterstützen, ist ein grundlegender Bestandteil der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Dieses sogenannte prosoziale Verhalten kann sich durch Hilfeverhalten, Kooperation und Teilen ausdrücken. In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung von Prosozialität in der Kindheit gegeben sowie über den Zusammenhang von Prosozialität und externalisierenden und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten. Insbesondere externalisierende Auffälligkeiten sind negativ mit prosozialem Verhalten assoziiert. Dagegen ist die Befundlage für internalisierende Auffälligkeiten heterogener. In Untersuchungen von individuellen Entwicklungsverläufen wird jedoch deutlich, dass prosoziales Verhalten und externalisierende Auffälligkeiten nicht gegensätzliche Enden eines Kontinuums darstellen, sondern vielmehr zwei unabhängige Dimensionen, die in der Entwicklung auch gemeinsam auftreten können. Dies gilt auch für internalisierende Auffälligkeiten, die sowohl mit stark als auch schwach ausgeprägter Prosozialität einhergehen können.
Multimodal stimulus coding by a gustatory sensory neuron in Drosophila larvae
Authors: van Giesen Lena , Hernandez-Nunez Luis , Delasoie-Baranek Sophie , Colombo Martino , Renaud Philippe , Bruggmann Rémy , Benton Richard , Samuel Aravinthan D. T. , Sprecher Simon G.
Published: February 2016

Accurate perception of taste information is crucial for animal survival. In adultDrosophila, gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) perceive chemical stimuli of one specific gustatory modality associated with a stereotyped behavioural response, such as aversion or attraction. We show that GRNs ofDrosophilalarvae employ a surprisingly different mode of gustatory information coding. Using a novel method for calcium imaging in the larval gustatory system, we identify a multimodal GRN that responds to chemicals of different taste modalities with opposing valence, such as sweet sucrose and bitter denatonium, reliant on different sensory receptors. This multimodal neuron is essential for bitter compound avoidance, and its artificial activation is sufficient to mediate aversion. However, the neuron is also essential for the integration of taste blends. Our findings support a model for taste coding in larvae, in which distinct receptor proteins mediate different responses within the same, multimodal GRN.
Towards universal quantum computation through relativistic motion
Authors: Bruschi David Edward , Sabín Carlos , Kok Pieter , Johansson Göran , Delsing Per , Fuentes Ivette
Published: February 2016

We show how to use relativistic motion to generate continuous variable Gaussian cluster states within cavity modes. Our results can be demonstrated experimentally using superconducting circuits where tuneable boundary conditions correspond to mirrors moving with velocities close to the speed of light. In particular, we propose the generation of a quadripartite square cluster state as a first example that can be readily implemented in the laboratory. Since cluster states are universal resources for universal one-way quantum computation, our results pave the way for relativistic quantum computation schemes.
Exponential Sensitivity and its Cost in Quantum Physics
Authors: Gilyén András , Kiss Tamás , Jex Igor
Published: February 2016

State selective protocols, like entanglement purification, lead to an essentially non-linear quantum evolution, unusual in naturally occurring quantum processes. Sensitivity to initial states in quantum systems, stemming from such non-linear dynamics, is a promising perspective for applications. Here we demonstrate that chaotic behaviour is a rather generic feature in state selective protocols: exponential sensitivity can exist for all initial states in an experimentally realisable optical scheme. Moreover, any complex rational polynomial map, including the example of the Mandelbrot set, can be directly realised. In state selective protocols, one needs an ensemble of initial states, the size of which decreases with each iteration. We prove that exponential sensitivity to initial states in any quantum system has to be related to downsizing the initial ensemble also exponentially. Our results show that magnifying initial differences of quantum states (a Schrödinger microscope) is possible; however, there is a strict bound on the number of copies needed.
Fast and accurate Monte Carlo sampling of first-passage times from Wiener diffusion models
Authors: Drugowitsch Jan
Published: February 2016

We present a new, fast approach for drawing boundary crossing samples from Wiener diffusion models. Diffusion models are widely applied to model choices and reaction times in two-choice decisions. Samples from these models can be used to simulate the choices and reaction times they predict. These samples, in turn, can be utilized to adjust the models’ parameters to match observed behavior from humans and other animals. Usually, such samples are drawn by simulating a stochastic differential equation in discrete time steps, which is slow and leads to biases in the reaction time estimates. Our method, instead, facilitates known expressions for first-passage time densities, which results in unbiased, exact samples and a hundred to thousand-fold speed increase in typical situations. In its most basic form it is restricted to diffusion models with symmetric boundaries and non-leaky accumulation, but our approach can be extended to also handle asymmetric boundaries or to approximate leaky accumulation.
Gene regulatory network inference using fused LASSO on multiple data sets
Authors: Omranian Nooshin , Eloundou-Mbebi Jeanne M. O. , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: February 2016

Devising computational methods to accurately reconstruct gene regulatory networks given gene expression data is key to systems biology applications. Here we propose a method for reconstructing gene regulatory networks by simultaneous consideration of data sets from different perturbation experiments and corresponding controls. The method imposes three biologically meaningful constraints: (1) expression levels of each gene should be explained by the expression levels of a small number of transcription factor coding genes, (2) networks inferred from different data sets should be similar with respect to the type and number of regulatory interactions and (3) relationships between genes which exhibit similar differential behavior over the considered perturbations should be favored. We demonstrate that these constraints can be transformed in a fused LASSO formulation for the proposed method. The comparative analysis on transcriptomics time-series data from prokaryotic species,Escherichia coliandMycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as a eukaryotic species, mouse, demonstrated that the proposed method has the advantages of the most recent approaches for regulatory network inference, while obtaining better performance and assigning higher scores to the true regulatory links. The study indicates that the combination of sparse regression techniques with other biologically meaningful constraints is a promising framework for gene regulatory network reconstructions.
New insights into the mechanism of substrates trafficking in Glyoxylate/Hydroxypyruvate reductases
Authors: Lassalle Louise , Engilberge Sylvain , Madern Dominique , Vauclare Pierre , Franzetti Bruno , Girard Eric
Published: February 2016

Glyoxylate accumulation within cells is highly toxic. In humans, it is associated with hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) leading to renal failure. The glyoxylate content within cells is regulated by the NADPH/NADH dependent glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductases (GRHPR). These are highly conserved enzymes with a dual activity as they are able to reduce glyoxylate to glycolate and to convert hydroxypyruvate into D-glycerate. Despite the determination of high-resolution X-ray structures, the substrate recognition mode of this class of enzymes remains unclear. We determined the structure at 2.0 Å resolution of a thermostable GRHPR from Archaea as a ternary complex in the presence of D-glycerate and NADPH. This shows a binding mode conserved between human and archeal enzymes. We also determined the first structure of GRHPR in presence of glyoxylate at 1.40 Å resolution. This revealed the pivotal role of Leu53 and Trp138 in substrate trafficking. These residues act as gatekeepers at the entrance of a tunnel connecting the active site to protein surface. Taken together, these results allowed us to propose a general model for GRHPR mode of action.
Inflammation increases NOTCH1 activity via MMP9 and is counteracted by Eicosapentaenoic Acid-free fatty acid in colon cancer cells
Authors: Fazio Chiara , Piazzi Giulia , Vitaglione Paola , Fogliano Vincenzo , Munarini Alessandra , Prossomariti Anna , Milazzo Maddalena , D’Angelo Leonarda , Napolitano Manuela , Chieco Pasquale , Belluzzi Andrea , Bazzoli Franco , Ricciardiello Luigi
Published: February 2016

Aberrant NOTCH1 signalling is critically involved in multiple models of colorectal cancer (CRC) and a prominent role of NOTCH1 activity during inflammation has emerged. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a crucial event promoting malignant transformation, is regulated by inflammation and Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) plays an important role in this process. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, was shown to prevent colonic tumors in different settings. We recently found that an extra-pure formulation of EPA as Free Fatty Acid (EPA-FFA) protects from colon cancer development in a mouse model of Colitis-Associated Cancer (CAC) through modulation of NOTCH1 signalling. In this study, we exposed colon cancer cells to an inflammatory stimulus represented by a cytokine-enriched Conditioned Medium (CM), obtained from THP1-differentiated macrophages. We found, for the first time, that CM strongly up-regulated NOTCH1 signalling and EMT markers, leading to increased invasiveness. Importantly, NOTCH1 signalling was dependent on MMP9 activity, upon CM exposure. We show that a non-cytotoxic pre-treatment with EPA-FFA antagonizes the effect of inflammation on NOTCH1 signalling, with reduction of MMP9 activity and invasiveness. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in CRC cells, inflammation induces NOTCH1 activity through MMP9 up-regulation and that this mechanism can be counteracted by EPA-FFA.
Small interfering RNA pathway modulates persistent infection of a plant virus in its insect vector
Authors: Lan Hanhong , Wang Haitao , Chen Qian , Chen Hongyan , Jia Dongsheng , Mao Qianzhuo , Wei Taiyun
Published: February 2016

Plant reoviruses, rhabdoviruses, tospoviruses, and tenuiviruses are transmitted by insect vectors in a persistent-propagative manner. How such persistent infection of plant viruses in insect vectors is established and maintained remains poorly understood. In this study, we used rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant reovirus, and its main vector leafhopper Recilia dorsalis as a virus–insect system to determine how the small interference (siRNA) pathway modulates persistent infection of a plant virus in its insect vector. We showed that a conserved siRNA antiviral response was triggered by the persistent replication of RGDV in cultured leafhopper cells and in intact insects, by appearance of virus-specific siRNAs, primarily 21-nt long, and the increased expression of siRNA pathway core components Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2. Silencing of Dicer-2 using RNA interference strongly suppressed production of virus-specific siRNAs, promoted viral accumulation, and caused cytopathological changes in vitro and in vivo. When the viral accumulation level rose above a certain threshold of viral genome copy (1.32 × 1014 copies/μg insect RNA), the infection of the leafhopper by RGDV was lethal rather than persistent. Taken together, our results revealed a new finding that the siRNA pathway in insect vector can modulate persistent infection of plant viruses.
Learning (from) the errors of a systems biology model
Authors: Engelhardt Benjamin , Frőhlich Holger , Kschischo Maik
Published: February 2016

Mathematical modelling is a labour intensive process involving several iterations of testing on real data and manual model modifications. In biology, the domain knowledge guiding model development is in many cases itself incomplete and uncertain. A major problem in this context is that biological systems are open. Missed or unknown external influences as well as erroneous interactions in the model could thus lead to severely misleading results. Here we introduce the dynamic elastic-net, a data driven mathematical method which automatically detects such model errors in ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. We demonstrate for real and simulated data, how the dynamic elastic-net approach can be used to automatically (i) reconstruct the error signal, (ii) identify the target variables of model error and (iii) reconstruct the true system state even for incomplete or preliminary models. Our work provides a systematic computational method facilitating modelling of open biological systems under uncertain knowledge.
Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking with Two-Photon Phosphorescent Terpyridyl Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Huang Huaiyi , Zhang Pingyu , Qiu Kangqiang , Huang Juanjuan , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: February 2016

Mitochondrial dynamics, including fission and fusion, control the morphology and function of mitochondria, and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics leads to Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, metabolic diseases, and cancers. Currently, many types of commercial mitochondria probes are available, but high excitation energy and low photo-stability render them unsuitable for tracking mitochondrial dynamics in living cells. Therefore, mitochondrial targeting agents that exhibit superior anti-photo-bleaching ability, deep tissue penetration and intrinsically high three-dimensional resolutions are urgently needed. Two-photon-excited compounds that use low-energy near-infrared excitation lasers have emerged as non-invasive tools for cell imaging. In this work, terpyridyl cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir3) are demonstrated as one- and two-photon phosphorescent probes for real-time imaging and tracking of mitochondrial morphology changes in living cells.
Iron stimulates plasma-activated medium-induced A549 cell injury
Authors: Adachi Tetsuo , Nonomura Saho , Horiba Minori , Hirayama Tasuku , Kamiya Tetsuro , Nagasawa Hideko , Hara Hirokazu
Published: February 2016

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is applicable to living cells and has emerged as a novel technology for cancer therapy. Plasma has recently been shown to affect cells not only by direct irradiation, but also by indirect treatments with previously prepared plasma-activated medium (PAM). Iron is an indispensable element but is also potentially toxic because it generates the hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the Fenton reaction. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the contribution of iron to PAM-induced A549 adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis. We detected the generation of •OH and elevation of intracellular ferrous ions in PAM-treated cells and found that they were inhibited by iron chelator. The elevations observed in ferrous ions may have been due to their release from the intracellular iron store, ferritin. Hydroxyl radical-induced DNA injury was followed by the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, depletion of NAD+ and ATP and elevations in intracellular Ca2+. The sensitivities of normal cells such as smooth muscle cells and keratinocytes to PAM were less than that of A549 cells. These results demonstrated that H2O2 in PAM and/or •OH generated in the presence of iron ions disturbed the mitochondrial-nuclear network in cancer cells.
Mammalian cells lacking either the cotranslational or posttranslocational oligosaccharyltransferase complex display substrate-dependent defects in asparagine linked glycosylation
Authors: Cherepanova Natalia A. , Gilmore Reid
Published: February 2016

Asparagine linked glycosylation of proteins is an essential protein modification reaction in most eukaryotic organisms. Metazoan organisms express two oligosaccharyltransferase complexes that are composed of a catalytic subunit (STT3A or STT3B) assembled with a shared set of accessory subunits and one to two complex specific subunits. siRNA mediated knockdowns of STT3A and STT3B in HeLa cells have shown that the two OST complexes have partially non-overlapping roles in N-linked glycosylation. However, incomplete siRNA mediated depletion of STT3A or STT3B reduces the impact of OST complex loss, thereby complicating the interpretation of experimental results. Here, we have used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to create viable HEK293 derived cells lines that are deficient for a single catalytic subunit (STT3A or STT3B) or two STT3B-specific accessory subunits (MagT1 and TUSC3). Analysis of protein glycosylation in the STT3A, STT3B and MagT1/TUSC3 null cell lines revealed that these cell lines are superior tools for investigating the in vivo role and substrate preferences of the STT3A and STT3B complexes.
Circulating memory T follicular helper subsets, Tfh2 and Tfh17, participate in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Che Yuanyuan , Qiu Jinpeng , Jin Tao , Yin Fei , Li Man , Jiang Yanfang
Published: February 2016

Circulating memory T follicular helper subsets, Tfh2 and Tfh17 are found to be aberrantly regulated in many autoimmune diseases. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of GBS are still unclear. This study examined the phenotype, distribution, clinical relevance and potential function of Tfh2 and Tfh17 in 36 GBS patients (including 24 AMAN and 12 AIDP patients). We found that the absolute counts of total memory Tfh cells were significantly increased in AMAN, while no significant difference in AIDP compared with HC. Furthermore, the levels of the three subsets of memory Tfh cells, Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17, were differentially altered in AMAN. The absolute counts of Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17 were all increased to a higher level in AMAN. The ratio of (Tfh2+Tfh17)/Tfh1 and the percentages of ICOS+ cells in Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells were greater in AMAN when compared to AIDP and HC and the former had a positive correlation with the severity of both AMAN and AIDP. Conversely, the percentages of PD1+ cells in Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells were lower in AMAN than in HC. Therefore, circulating memory Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells might promote the autoantibody-related immune response and serve as useful markers to evaluate the progression of AMAN.
Myosin di-phosphorylation and peripheral actin bundle formation as initial events during endothelial barrier disruption
Authors: Hirano Mayumi , Hirano Katsuya
Published: February 2016

The phosphorylation of the 20-kD myosin light chain (MLC) and actin filament formation play a key role in endothelial barrier disruption. MLC is either mono- or di-phosphorylated (pMLC and ppMLC) at T18 or S19. The present study investigated whether there are any distinct roles of pMLC and ppMLC in barrier disruption induced by thrombin. Thrombin induced a modest bi-phasic increase in pMLC and a robust mono-phasic increase in ppMLC. pMLC localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm during the initial phase, while ppMLC localized in the cell periphery, where actin bundles were formed. Later, the actin bundles were rearranged into stress fibers, where pMLC co-localized. Rho-kinase inhibitors inhibited thrombin-induced barrier disruption and peripheral localization of ppMLC and actin bundles. The double, but not single, mutation of phosphorylation sites abolished the formation of peripheral actin bundles and the barrier disruption, indicating that mono-phosphorylation of MLC at either T18 or S19 is functionally sufficient for barrier disruption. Namely, the peripheral localization, but not the degree of phosphorylation, is suggested to be essential for the functional effect of ppMLC. These results suggest that MLC phosphorylation and actin bundle formation in cell periphery are initial events during barrier disruption.
Increasing the information rates of optical communications via coded modulation: a study of transceiver performance
Authors: Maher Robert , Alvarado Alex , Lavery Domaniç , Bayvel Polina
Published: February 2016

Optical fibre underpins the global communications infrastructure and has experienced an astonishing evolution over the past four decades, with current commercial systems transmitting data rates in excess of 10 Tb/s over a single fibre core. The continuation of this dramatic growth in throughput has become constrained due to a power dependent nonlinear distortion arising from a phenomenon known as the Kerr effect. The mitigation of fibre nonlinearities is an area of intense research. However, even in the absence of nonlinear distortion, the practical limit on the transmission throughput of a single fibre core is dominated by the finite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) afforded by current state-of-the-art coherent optical transceivers. Therefore, the key to maximising the number of information bits that can be reliably transmitted over a fibre channel hinges on the simultaneous optimisation of the modulation format and code rate, based on the SNR achieved at the receiver. In this work, we use an information theoretic approach based on the mutual information and the generalised mutual information to characterise a state-of-the-art dual polarisation m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation transceiver and subsequently apply this methodology to a 15-carrier super-channel to achieve the highest throughput (1.125 Tb/s) ever recorded using a single coherent receiver.
Functional role of positively selected amino acid substitutions in mammalian rhodopsin evolution
Authors: Fernández-Sampedro Miguel A. , Invergo Brandon M. , Ramon Eva , Bertranpetit Jaume , Garriga Pere
Published: February 2016

Visual rhodopsins are membrane proteins that function as light photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. Specific amino acids have been positively selected in visual pigments during mammal evolution, which, as products of adaptive selection, would be at the base of important functional innovations. We have analyzed the top candidates for positive selection at the specific amino acids and the corresponding reverse changes (F13M, Q225R and A346S) in order to unravel the structural and functional consequences of these important sites in rhodopsin evolution. We have constructed, expressed and immunopurified the corresponding mutated pigments and analyzed their molecular phenotypes. We find that position 13 is very important for the folding of the receptor and also for proper protein glycosylation. Position 225 appears to be important for the function of the protein affecting the G-protein activation process, and position 346 would also regulate functionality of the receptor by enhancing G-protein activation and presumably affecting protein phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase. Our results represent a link between the evolutionary analysis, which pinpoints the specific amino acid positions in the adaptive process, and the structural and functional analysis, closer to the phenotype, making biochemical sense of specific selected genetic sequences in rhodopsin evolution.
Inverted optical intrinsic response accompanied by decreased cerebral blood flow are related to both neuronal inhibition and excitation
Authors: Ma Zengguang , Cao Pengjia , Sun Pengcheng , Zhao Linna , Li Liming , Tong Shanbao , Lu Yiliang , Yan Yan , Chen Yao , Chai Xinyu
Published: February 2016

Negative hemodynamic response has been widely reported in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, however its origin is still controversial. Optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging can be used to study brain activity by simultaneously recording hemodynamic signals at different wavelengths with high spatial resolution. In this study, we found transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) could elicit both positive OIS response (POR) and negative OIS response (NOR) in cats’ visual cortex. We then investigated the property of this negative response to TcES and its relationship with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuronal activity. Results from laser speckle contrast imaging showed decreased CBF in the NOR region while increased CBF in the POR region. Both planar and laminar electrophysiological recordings in the middle (500–700 μm) cortical layers demonstrated that decreased and increased neuronal activities were coexisted in the NOR region. Furthermore, decreased neuronal activity was also detected in the deep cortical layers in the NOR region. This work provides evidence that the negative OIS together with the decreased CBF should be explained by mechanisms of both neuronal inhibition and excitation within middle cortical layers. Our results would be important for interpreting neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the negative BOLD signals.
Characterization of colorimetric sensor arrays by a multi-spectral technique
Authors: Zhihua Li , Xucheng Zhou , Xiaobo Zou , Jiyong Shi , Xiaowei Huang , Tahir Haroon Elrasheid , Tingting Shen
Published: February 2016

A new method based on a multi-spectral technique was proposed to characterize the signal of colorimetric sensor arrays for gas detection.
A room temperature approach for the fabrication of aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays on transparent conductive substrates
Authors: Zeng Ruosha , Li Ke , Sheng Xia , Chen Liping , Zhang Haijiao , Feng Xinjian
Published: February 2016

A novel room-temperature solution-approach is reported for the fabrication of highly crystallized TiO2 nanotube arrays on transparent conductive substrates.
Realizing both selective adsorption and efficient regeneration using adsorbents with photo-regulated molecular gates
Authors: Zhu Jing , Ding Jia-Jia , Liu Xiao-Qin , Tan Peng , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: February 2016

A new generation of adsorbents possessing photo-regulated molecular gates were fabricated and consequently, realized selective adsorption and efficient desorption simultaneously.
Orientation of polar molecules near charged protein interfaces
Authors: Strazdaite Simona , Meister Konrad , Bakker Huib J.
Published: February 2016

We study the orientation of water and urea molecules and protein amide vibrations at aqueous α-lactalbumin and α-lactalbumin/urea interfaces using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation.
Self-aggregation and coaggregation of the p53 core fragment with its aggregation gatekeeper variant
Authors: Lei Jiangtao , Qi Ruxi , Wei Guanghong , Nussinov Ruth , Ma Buyong
Published: February 2016

The p53 aggregation nucleating251ILTIITL257hexamer forms rich β-sheet structure, promotes the aggregation of its gatekeeper I254R mutant peptides in a prion-like process.
Adsorption according to the Langmuir–Freundlich model is the detection mechanism of the antigen p53 for early diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Soares Juliana Coatrini , Soares Andrey Coatrini , Pereira Paulo Augusto Raymundo , Rodrigues Valquiria da Cruz , Shimizu Flavio Makoto , Melendez Matias Eliseo , Scapulatempo Neto Cristovam , Carvalho André Lopes , Leite Fábio L. , Machado Sergio A. S. , Oliveira Osvaldo N.
Published: February 2016

The Langmuir–Freundlich model is used to explain the adsorption of the p53 biomarker onto an immunosensor for early detection of cancer.
The atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl, diethyl, and diisopropyl ethers. The role of the intramolecular hydrogen shift in peroxy radicals
Authors: Wang Sainan , Wang Liming
Published: February 2016

Ethers can be auto-oxidized with no O3formation in a ‘clean’ atmosphere.
Large polarization and dielectric response in epitaxial SrZrO3 films
Authors: Tian Hao , Mao Ai-Jie , Zhao Hong Jian , Cui Yingqi , Li Hui , Kuang Xiao-Yu
Published: February 2016

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of (001) epitaxial SrZrO3 thin films under misfit strain.
A large number of low coordinated atoms in boron nitride for outstanding adsorptive desulfurization performance
Authors: Xiong Jun , Yang Lei , Chao Yanhong , Pang Jingyu , Wu Peiwen , Zhang Ming , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming
Published: February 2016

Ribbon-like structured BN was prepared with exposed abundant sharp edges and a surface porous structure. The obtained BN displayed the highest adsorption desulfurization capacities reported so far.
Trapping and viability of swimming bacteria in an optoelectric trap
Authors: Mishra A. , Maltais T. R. , Walter T. M. , Wei A. , Williams S. J. , Wereley S. T.
Published: February 2016

We demonstrate an optoelectric technique (REP) for dynamic trapping and manipulation of swimming bacteria, and characterize the effect of trapping conditions on the viability of the trapped cells.
Ternary-responsive magnetic nanocarriers for targeted delivery of thiol-containing anticancer drugs
Authors: Ghorbani Marjan , Hamishehkar Hamed , Hajipour Hamed , Arsalani Naser , Entezami Ali Akbar
Published: February 2016

Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the most serious challenges in medical therapy.
Ruthenium-catalyzed selective imine synthesis from nitriles and secondary alcohols under hydrogen acceptor- and base-free conditions
Authors: Kim Daeun , Kang Byungjoon , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: February 2016

Ruthenium-catalyzed selective imine synthesis from nitriles and secondary alcohols under hydrogen acceptor- and base-free conditions was achieved.
Investigating the mixing sequence and the Si content in SAPO-34 synthesis for selective conversion of methanol to light olefins using morpholine &/ TEAOH templates
Authors: Ghavipour Mohammad , Mehr Amin Soleimani , Wang Yao , Behbahani Reza Mosayebi , Hajimirzaee Saeed , Bahrami Kiumars
Published: February 2016

SAPO-34 as the commercialized catalyst of methanol to olefin (MTO) process was synthesized by single and mixed-template methods using TEAOH and morpholine. The mixing sequence in gel preparation and the optimum Si content were investigated.
Preparation of heterostructured Ag@AgCl/La2Ti2O7 plasmonic photocatalysts with high visible light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Ao Yanhui , Xu Liya , Wang Peifang , Wang Chao , Hou Jun
Published: February 2016

In this work, Ag@AgCl modified La2Ti2O7 plasmonic photocatalysts were prepared by a simple and feasible two-step process.
Growth mechanisms and origin of localized surface plasmon resonance coupled exciton effects in Cu2−xS thin films
Authors: Savariraj A. Dennyson , Kim Hee-Je , Viswanathan K. K. , Vijaykumar M. , Prabakar Kandasamy
Published: February 2016

We have demonstrated a robust protocol to prepare Cu2−xS thin films with a controlled crystal phase and size which exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupled exciton effects by a simple template free single step wet chemical method without any surfactant.
Electronic structure and reactivity of nickel(i) pincer complexes: their aerobic transformation to peroxo species and site selective C–H oxygenation
Authors: Rettenmeier Christoph A. , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H.
Published: February 2016

The dinuclear nickel peroxo complexes undergo autoxidation giving a cyclic alkoxo or peroxo complex in the presence or absence of O2, respectively.
Structural modifications of the salivary conditioning film upon exposure to sodium bicarbonate: implications for oral lubrication and mouthfeel
Authors: Ash A. , Wilde P. J. , Bradshaw D. J. , King S. P. , Pratten J. R.
Published: February 2016

This study suggests that differences in the lubricative properties of saliva are more likely to be due to changes in the interfacial properties of the salivary conditioning film as opposed to changes in the bulk viscosity of saliva when exposed to sodium bicarbonate.
Amine vapor responsive lanthanide complex entrapment: control of the ligand-to-metal and metal-to-metal energy transfer
Authors: Li Peng , Li Huanrong
Published: February 2016

We develop a luminescent platform based on Eu3+ and Tb3+ co-doped nanozeolite to realize the probing of amine solvents. Such a luminescence sensor can classify amine solvents and achieve an excellent fingerprint correlation between the amine solvents (with larger pKa values) and the emission intensity ratio (IEu/ITb), which is ratiometric.
How imperfect mixing and differential diffusion accelerate the rate of nonlinear reactions in microfluidic channels
Authors: Niedl Robert , Berenstein Igal , Beta Carsten
Published: February 2016

Enhanced mixing in a microfluidic channel slows down the progress of a nonlinear chemical reaction.
Dicyanoquinodimethane-substituted benzothiadiazole for efficient small-molecule solar cells
Authors: Gautam Prabhat , Misra Rajneesh , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: February 2016

Dicyanoquinodimethane and tetracyanobutadiene functionalized benzothiadiazoles were synthesized and investigated for small molecule solar cells.
Temperature effect on the build-up of exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayers. An exponential-to-linear transition point
Authors: Vikulina Anna S. , Anissimov Yuri G. , Singh Prateek , Prokopović Vladimir Z. , Uhlig Katja , Jaeger Magnus S. , von Klitzing Regine , Duschl Claus , Volodkin Dmitry
Published: February 2016

We focus on the buildup mechanism of exponentially growing multilayers by the variation of preparation temperature and analysis of the transition point. The diffusion-based mechanism is proved and discussed.
Dysprosium(iii) complexes with a square-antiprism configuration featuring mononuclear single-molecule magnetic behaviours based on different β-diketonate ligands and auxiliary ligands
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Ke Hongshan , Shi Quan , Zhang Jangwei , Yang Qi , Wei Qing , Xie Gang , Wang Wenyuan , Yang Desuo , Chen Sanping
Published: February 2016

Three mononuclear SMMs derived from three β-diketonate ligands and auxiliary ligands have been synthesized.
Coinage metal complexes with bridging hybrid phosphine–NHC ligands: synthesis of di- and tetra-nuclear complexes
Authors: Simler Thomas , Braunstein Pierre , Danopoulos Andreas A.
Published: February 2016

P–NHC-type hybrid ligands were accessed through a modular synthesis and afforded di- and tetra-nuclear coinage metal complexes with functional bridging ligands.
Transition metal-free, iodide-mediated domino carbonylation–benzylation of benzyl chlorides with arylboronic acids under ambient pressure of carbon monoxide
Authors: Jin Fengli , Zhong Yanzhen , Zhang Xin , Zhang Huichun , Zhao Qian , Han Wei
Published: February 2016

Transition metal-free, ambient-pressure domino carbonylation–benzylation reactions by iodide catalysis have been developed.
Grafting of edible colorants onto O-carboxymethyl chitosan: preparation, characterization and anti-reduction property evaluation
Authors: Lv Dongjun , Zhang Mingjie , Cui Jin , Lu Juanjuan , Li Weixue
Published: February 2016

The anti-reduction properties of two edible colorants are improved by grafting them onto O-carboxymethyl chitosan.
Synthesis, structure and coordination properties of novel bifunctional carboxylic derivatives of 1,3-alternate tetrathiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Podyachev Sergey N. , Gimazetdinova Gulnaz Sh. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Syakaev Victor V. , Sudakova Svetlana N. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Ivanov Vladimir T. , Gogolashvili Edward L. , Konovalov Alexander I.
Published: February 2016

A facile synthetic strategy has been proposed for the successful preparing a wide range of bifunctional tetrathiacalix[4]arene derivatives capable of exhibiting excellent receptor properties.
Innovative catalyst design for the oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cells
Authors: Shimizu Kenichi , Sepunaru Lior , Compton Richard G.
Published: February 2016

A bifunctional fuel cell catalyst system demonstrated herein overcomes the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction by rapid heterogeneous disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide.
Bioinspired titanium coatings: self-assembly of collagen–alginate films for enhanced osseointegration
Authors: Gregurec Danijela , Wang Guocheng , Pires Ricardo H. , Kosutic Marija , Lüdtke Tanja , Delcea Mihaela , Moya Sergio Enrique
Published: February 2016

Achieving long term osseointegration is fundamental to the development of successful bone implants.
Effect of TiO2 blocking layer synthesised by a sol–gel method in performances of fluorine‐doped tin oxide/TiO2/dyed‐TiO2/electrolyte/pt/fluorine‐doped tin oxide solar cells based on natural mallow dye
Authors: Kadachi Zouhour , Ben Karoui Moufida , Azizi Tarek , Gharbi Rached
Published: February 2016

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film prepared by sol–gel technique and deposed by spin coating was used as the blocking layer between fluorine doped tin oxide and dyed TiO2 photoanode deposed by doctor blade in dye‐sensitised solar cell (DSSC). The synthesised films show a polycrystalline structure at annealing temperature of 400°C with small amount of amorphous phase observed at 300°C. The values of the electrical conductivity varies from 0.11 to 1.17 Ω−1 cm−1 for one and two layers thin films, respectively, and the corresponding activation energies decreased as a function of the thickness, it passes from 109 meV for one layer to 55 meV for two layers. The photoanode of the DSSC was sensitised by the mallow diluted in ethanol having absorption spectra with two peaks, one around 480 nm (blue light) and the second at 665 nm (red light) attributable to the chlorophyll mixture. Improvement of the electrical performance is due to the increased electron lifetime and decreased of the recombination process showed by the open circuit voltage decay measurement. The lifetime values increase from 0.80 ms for the cell without blocking layer to 1.24 ms for the cell based on the blocking layer.
New folding lateral double diffused metal oxide semiconductor breaking silicon limit with ultra‐low specific on‐resistance
Authors: Duan Baoxing , Li Chunlai , Ma Jianchong , Yuan Song , Yang Yintang
Published: February 2016

A new lateral double diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) is proposed for the first time with the step oxide layer above the folding silicon substrate. Three technologies, including of the electric field modulation effect, majority carrier accumulation, and folding silicon, are applied simultaneously to the proposed LDMOS for improving the trade‐off between the breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on‐resistance (Ron,sp). The majority carrier accumulation layer under the extended gate is formed in the folding silicon substrate during the on‐state operation. The high‐doping drift region can be depleted completely in the off‐state, thanks to an additional electric field modulation, which is analogous to the super junction idea. The uniform lateral electric field has been obtained due to the new electric field peak to improve the trade‐off between the BV and Ron,sp. The proposed LDMOS shows the Ron,sp of 0.32 mΩ cm2 with the BV of 62 V, which has broken the silicon limit relationship with Ron,sp of 2.0 mΩ cm2 under the same BV in the conventional LDMOS. This is the previously reported lowest Ron,sp with the BV of about 60 V.
Pflege im eigenen Haushalt oder außerhalb? – Ein Vergleich des Gesundheitszustands von Pflegenden
Authors: Mußgnug T. , Korotkaia A.
Published: February 2016

Die GEDA-Studie 2012 ist eine repräsentative, bundesweite Befragung mittels computerunterstützter Telefoninterviews, die im Zeitraum März 2012 bis März 2013 vom Robert-Koch-Institut durchgeführt wurde und insgesamt 19 294 realisierte Interviews umfasst. Insgesamt wurden die Antworten von 1 219 Befragten, die eine pflegebedürftige Person pflegen und die Fragen zu Geschlecht, Alter und Gesundheitszustand für diese Studie beantwortet haben, untersucht. Mittels der Statistik Software SPSS wurden die GEDA-Daten deskriptiv ausgewertet und anhand Microsoft Office visualisiert dargestellt. Personen, die eine pflegebedürftige Person pflegen, sind in der Stichprobe zu 47,2% im Alter zwischen 45–64 Jahren. In der Kohorte pflegen mehr Frauen (62,8%) als Männer (37,2%) pflegebedürftige Angehörige. Vergleicht man die Häufigkeiten der Angaben zum Gesundheitszustand innerhalb dreier Altersgruppen, schätzen die Personen, die eine pflegebedürftige Person außerhalb des eigenen Haushalts pflegen, ihren Gesundheitszustand eher besser ein, als bei der Pflege im eigenen Haushalt.
CCSD(T)/CBS fragment-based calculations of lattice energy of molecular crystals
Authors: Červinka Ctirad , Fulem Michal , Růžička Květoslav
Published: February 2016

A comparative study of the lattice energy calculations for a data set of 25 molecular crystals is performed using an additive scheme based on the individual energies of up to four-body interactions calculated using the coupled clusters with iterative treatment of single and double excitations and perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)) with an estimated complete basis set (CBS) description. The CCSD(T)/CBS values on lattice energies are used to estimate sublimation enthalpies which are compared with critically assessed and thermodynamically consistent experimental values. The average absolute percentage deviation of calculated sublimation enthalpies from experimental values amounts to 13% (corresponding to 4.8 kJ mol−1 on absolute scale) with unbiased distribution of positive to negative deviations. As pair interaction energies present a dominant contribution to the lattice energy and CCSD(T)/CBS calculations still remain computationally costly, benchmark calculations of pair interaction energies defined by crystal parameters involving 17 levels of theory, including recently developed methods with local and explicit treatment of electronic correlation, such as LCC and LCC-F12, are also presented. Locally and explicitly correlated methods are found to be computationally effective and reliable methods enabling the application of fragment-based methods for larger systems.
Evaluation and optimization of quartz resonant-frequency retuned fork force sensors with high Q factors, and the associated electric circuits, for non-contact atomic force microscopy
Authors: Ooe Hiroaki , Fujii Mikihiro , Tomitori Masahiko , Arai Toyoko
Published: February 2016

High-Q factor retuned fork (RTF) force sensors made from quartz tuning forks, and the electric circuits for the sensors, were evaluated and optimized to improve the performance of non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) performed under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. To exploit the high Q factor of the RTF sensor, the oscillation of the RTF sensor was excited at its resonant frequency, using a stray capacitance compensation circuit to cancel the excitation signal leaked through the stray capacitor of the sensor. To improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in the detected signal, a small capacitor was inserted before the input of an operational (OP) amplifier placed in an UHV chamber, which reduced the output noise from the amplifier. A low-noise, wideband OP amplifier produced a superior S/N ratio, compared with a precision OP amplifier. The thermal vibrational density spectra of the RTF sensors were evaluated using the circuit. The RTF sensor with an effective spring constant value as low as 1000 N/m provided a lower minimum detection limit for force differentiation. A nc-AFM image of a Si(111)-7 × 7 surface was produced with atomic resolution using the RTF sensor in a constant frequency shift mode; tunneling current and energy dissipation images with atomic resolution were also simultaneously produced. The high-Q factor RTF sensor showed potential for the high sensitivity of energy dissipation as small as 1 meV/cycle and the high-resolution analysis of non-conservative force interactions.
A parametric study for the generation of ion Bernstein modes from a discrete spectrum to a continuous one in the inner magnetosphere. I. Linear theory
Authors: Sun Jicheng , Gao Xinliang , Chen Lunjin , Lu Quanming , Tao Xin , Wang Shui
Published: February 2016

Ion Bernstein modes, also known as magnetosonic waves in the magnetospheric community, are considered to play an important role in radiation belt electron acceleration. The detailed properties of perpendicular magnetosonic waves excited in the inner magnetosphere by a tenuous proton ring distribution are investigated in a two series paper with a combination of the linear theory and one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Here, in this paper, we study the properties of the excited magnetosonic waves under different plasma conditions with the linear theory. When the proton to electron mass ratio or the ratio of the light speed to the Alfven speed is small, the excited magnetosonic waves are prone to having a discrete spectrum with only several wave modes. With the increase of the proton to electron mass ratio or the ratio of the light speed to the Alfven speed, the lower hybrid frequency also increases, which leads to the increase of both the number and frequency of the excited wave modes. Meanwhile, the growth rate of these wave modes also increases. When the proton to electron mass ratio or the ratio of the light speed to the Alfven speed is sufficiently large, the spectrum of the excited magnetic waves becomes continuous due to the overlapping of the adjacent wave modes. The increase of the density of the protons with the ring distribution can also result in the increase of the growth rate, which may also change the discrete spectrum of the excited waves to a continuous one, while the increase of the ring velocity of the tenuous proton ring distribution leads to a broader spectrum, but with a smaller growth rate.
Scanning magnetoresistive microscopy: An advanced characterization tool for magnetic nanosystems
Authors: Mitin D. , Grobis M. , Albrecht M.
Published: February 2016

An advanced scanning magnetoresistive microscopy (SMRM) — a robust magnetic imaging and probing technique — will be presented, which utilizes state-of-the-art recording heads of a hard disk drive as sensors. The spatial resolution of modern tunneling magnetoresistive sensors is nowadays comparable to the more commonly used magnetic force microscopes. Important advantages of SMRM are the ability to detect pure magnetic signals directly proportional to the out-of-plane magnetic stray field, negligible sensor stray fields, and the ability to apply local bipolar magnetic field pulses up to 10 kOe with bandwidths from DC up to 1 GHz. Moreover, the SMRM can be further equipped with a heating stage and external magnetic field units. The performance of this method and corresponding best practices are demonstrated by presenting various examples, including a temperature dependent recording study on hard magnetic L10 FeCuPt thin films, imaging of magnetic vortex states in an in-plane magnetic field, and their controlled manipulation by applying local field pulses.
The electric field induced ferroelectric phase transition of AgNbO3
Authors: Moriwake Hiroki , Konishi Ayako , Ogawa Takafumi , Fisher Craig A. J. , Kuwabara Akihide , Fu Desheng
Published: February 2016

Coexistence of two phases of AgNbO3 is shown to explain the experimentally observed polarization–electric field hysteresis loop better than either phase in isolation, based on detailed first-principles calculations of the structural changes and stabilities of different phases of this compound. Calculations confirm a ferroelectric phase transition, whereby the symmetry of the AgNbO3 crystal switches from antiferroelectric Pbcm to ferroelectric Pmc21, under an electric field of 9 MV/cm. The calculated spontaneous polarization (0.61 C/m2) under this field compares well with the experimental value of 0.52 C/m2. After transforming, the structure remains in the ferroelectric state even after the electric field is removed, despite the structure being energetically metastable. As the energy difference between the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases is only +0.5 meV/f.u. and the potential energy barrier between them (∼40 meV/f.u.) is comparable to thermal fluctuation energies, it is possible for these two phases to coexist at temperatures well below the paraelectric-antiferroelectric transition temperature (∼626 K). The exploitation of this phenomenon in AgNbO3 and related materials may provide a useful strategy for developing high-performance piezoelectric materials.