bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructures and Fabric Transitions of Natural Ice from the Styx Glacier, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Kim Daeyeong , Prior David J. , Han Yeongcheol , Qi Chao , Han Hyangsun , Ju Hyeon Tae
Published: October 2020

We investigated the microstructures of five ice core samples from the Styx Glacier, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Evidence of dynamic recrystallization was found in all samples: those at 50 m mainly by polygonization, and those at 170 m, largely by grain boundary migration. Crystallographic preferred orientations of all analyzed samples (view from the surface) typically showed a single cluster of c-axes normal to the surface. A girdle intersecting the single cluster occurs at 140–170 m with a tight cluster of a-axes normal to the girdle. We interpret the change of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) at <140 m as relating to a combination of vertical compression, and shear on a horizontal plane, and the girdle CPOs at depths >140 m, as the result of horizontal extension. Based on the data obtained from the ground penetrating radar, the underlying bedrock topography of a nunatak could have generated the extensional stress regime in the study area. The results imply changeable stress regimes that may occur during burial as a result of external kinematic controls, such as an appearance of a small peak in the bedrock.
A Photocleavable Contrast Agent for Light-Responsive MRI
Authors: Reeßing Friederike , Huijsse Sèvrin E. M. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Feringa Ben L. , Borra Ronald J.H. , Szymański Wiktor
Published: October 2020

Thanks to its innocuousness and high spatiotemporal resolution, light is used in several established and emerging applications in biomedicine. Among them is the modulation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents’ relaxivity with the aim to increase the sensitivity, selectivity and amount of functional information obtained from this outstanding whole-body medical imaging technique. This approach requires the development of molecular contrast agents that show high relaxivity and strongly pronounced photo-responsiveness. To this end, we report here the design and synthesis of a light-activated MRI contrast agent, together with its evaluation using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fast Field Cycling (FFC) relaxometry and relaxometric measurements on clinical MRI scanners. The high relaxivity of the reported agent changes substantially upon irradiation with light, showing a 17% decrease in relaxivity at 0.23T upon irradiation with λ = 400 nm (violet) light for 60 min. On clinical MRI scanners (1.5T and 3.0T), irradiation leads to a decrease in relaxivity of 9% and 19% after 3 and 60 min, respectively. The molecular design presents an important blueprint for the development of light-activatable MRI contrast agents.
Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing
Authors: Eutionnat-Diffo Prisca Aude , Cayla Aurélie , Chen Yan , Guan Jinping , Nierstrasz Vincent , Campagne Christine
Published: October 2020

3D printing utilized as a direct deposition of conductive polymeric materials onto textiles reveals to be an attractive technique in the development of functional textiles. However, the conductive fillers—filled thermoplastic polymers commonly used in the development of functional textiles through 3D printing technology and most specifically through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process—are not appropriate for textile applications as they are excessively brittle and fragile at room temperature. Indeed, a large amount of fillers is incorporated into the polymers to attain the percolation threshold increasing their viscosity and stiffness. For this reason, this study focuses on enhancing the flexibility, stress and strain at rupture and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed conductive polymer onto textiles by developing various immiscible polymer blends. A phase is composed of a conductive polymer composite (CPC) made of a carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly structured carbon black (KB)- filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and another one of propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blends. Two requirements are essential to create flexible and highly conductive monofilaments for 3D-printed polymers onto textile materials applications. First, the co-continuity of both the thermoplastic and the elastomer phases and the location of the conductive fillers in the thermoplastic phase or at the interface of the two immiscible polymers are necessary to preserve the flexibility of the elastomer while decreasing the global amount of charges in the blends. In the present work based on theoretical models, when using a two-step melt process, the KB and CNT particles are found to be both preferentially located at the LDPE/PBE interface. Moreover, in the case of the two-step extrusion, SEM characterization showed that the KB particles were located in the LDPE while the CNT were mainly at the LDPE/PBE interface and TEM analysis demonstrated that KB and CNT nanoparticles were in LDPE and at the interface. For one-step extrusion, it was found that both KB and CNT are in the PBE and LDPE phases. These selective locations play a key role in extending the co-continuity of the LDPE and PBE phases over a much larger composition range. Therefore, the melt flow index and the electrical conductivity of monofilament, the deformation under compression, the strain and stress and the electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed conducting polymer composite onto textiles were significantly improved with KB and CNT-filled LDPE/PBE blends compared to KB and CNT-filled LDPE separately. The two-step extrusion processed 60%(LDPE16.7% KB + 4.2% CNT)/40 PBE blends presented the best properties and almost similar to the ones of the textile materials and henceforth, could be a better material for functional textile development through 3D printing onto textiles.
Control of Macromolecule Chains Structure in a Nanofiber
Authors: Tian Dan , He Ji-Huan
Published: October 2020

Mechanical property is one of the most important properties of nanofiber membranes. Electrospinning is widely used in the preparation of nanofibers due to its advantages such as good stability and easy operation. Compared with some nature silk, the mechanical properties of nanofibers prepared by electrospinning are poor. Based on the principle of vortex spinning and DNA structure, this paper designed an air vortex electrospinning device that can control the structure of macromolecular chains in nanofibers. When a weak air vortex is generated in the electrospinning process, the macromolecule chains will entangle with each other and form a DNA-like structure so as to improve the mechanical property. In addition, when a strong air vortex is generated during the electrospinning process, the nanofibers will adhere to each other, thereby enhancing the mechanical property and enlarging the pore size.
Energy and Exergy Assessment of S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with a Solar Tower System
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Ehtisham , Almitani Khalid H.
Published: October 2020

In this research, we performed energy and exergy assessments of a solar driven power plant. Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is used for the conversion of heat to work. The plant runs on solar energy from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and to account for the fluctuations in the solar energy, the plant is equipped with an auxiliary heater operating on hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber. The capital city of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) is chosen in this study and the solar insolation levels for this location are calculated using the ASHRAE clear-sky model. The solar collector (central receiver) receives solar energy reflected by the heliostats; therefore, a radially staggered heliostat field is generated for this purpose. A suite of code is developed to calculate various parameters of the heliostat field, such as optical efficiencies, intercept factors, attenuation factors and heliostat characteristic angles. S-CO2 Brayton cycle is simulated in commercial software, Aspen HYSYS V9 (Aspen Technology, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA). The cycle is mainly powered by solar energy but assisted by an auxiliary heater to maintain a constant net power input of 80 MW to the cycle. The heliostat field generated, composed of 1207 rows, provides 475 watts per unit heliostat’s area to the central receiver. Heat losses from the central receiver due to natural convection and radiation are significant, with an average annual loss of 10 percent in the heat absorbed by the receiver. Heat collection rate at the central receiver reveals that the maximum support of auxiliary heat is needed in December, at nearly 13% of the net input energy. Exergy analysis shows that the highest exergy loss takes place in the heliostat field that is nearly 42.5% of incident solar exergy.
Adjustments to SIF Aid the Interpretation of Drought Responses at the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Bontempo Edgard , Dalagnol Ricardo , Ponzoni Flavio , Valeriano Dalton
Published: October 2020

Sun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) relates directly to photosynthesis yield and stress but there are still uncertainties in its interpretation. Most of these uncertainties concern the influences of the emitting vegetation’s structure (e.g., leaf angles, leaf clumping) and biochemistry (e.g., chlorophyll content, other pigments) on the radiative transfer of fluorescent photons. The Caatinga is a large region in northeast Brazil of semiarid climate and heterogeneous vegetation, where such biochemical and structural characteristics can vary greatly even within a single hectare. With this study we aimed to characterize eleven years of SIF seasonal variation from Caatinga vegetation (2007 to 2017) and to study its responses to a major drought in 2012. Orbital SIF data from the instrument GOME-2 was used along with MODIS MAIAC EVI and NDVI. Environmental data included precipitation rate (TRMM), surface temperature (MODIS) and soil moisture (ESA CCI). To support the interpretation of SIF responses we used red and far-red SIF adjusted by the Sun’s zenith angle (SIF-SZA) and by daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation (dSIF). Furthermore, we also adjusted SIF through two contrasting formulations using NDVI data as proxy for structure and biochemistry, based on previous leaf-level and landscape level studies: SIF-Yield and SIF-Prod. Data was tested with time-series decomposition, rank correlation, spatial correlation and Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Results show that GOME-2 SIF and adjusted SIF formulations responded consistently to the observed environmental variation and showed a marked decrease in SIF emissions in response to a 2012 drought that was generally larger than the corresponding NDVI and EVI decreases. Drought sensitivity of SIF, as inferred from LMM slopes, was correlated to land cover at different regions of the Caatinga. This is the first study to show correlation between landscape-level SIF and an emergent property of ecosystems (i.e., resilience), showcasing the value of remotely sensed fluorescence for ecological studies.
Estimation of Leaf Chlorophyll a, b and Carotenoid Contents and Their Ratios Using Hyperspectral Reflectance
Authors: Sonobe Rei , Yamashita Hiroto , Mihara Harumi , Morita Akio , Ikka Takashi
Published: October 2020

Japanese horseradish (wasabi) grows in very specific conditions, and recent environmental climate changes have damaged wasabi production. In addition, the optimal culture methods are not well known, and it is becoming increasingly difficult for incipient farmers to cultivate it. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents, as well as their allocation, could be an adequate indicator in evaluating its production and environmental stress; thus, developing an in situ method to monitor photosynthetic pigments based on reflectance could be useful for agricultural management. Besides original reflectance (OR), five pre-processing techniques, namely, first derivative reflectance (FDR), continuum-removed (CR), de-trending (DT), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and standard normal variate transformation (SNV), were compared to assess the accuracy of the estimation. Furthermore, five machine learning algorithms—random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM), Cubist, and Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGB)—were considered. To classify the samples under different pH or sulphur ion concentration conditions, the end of the red edge bands was effective for OR, FDR, DT, MSC, and SNV, while a green-peak band was effective for CR. Overall, KELM and Cubist showed high performance and incorporating pre-processing techniques was effective for obtaining estimated values with high accuracy. The best combinations were found to be DT–KELM for chl a (RPD = 1.511–5.17, RMSE = 1.23–3.62 μg cm−2) and chl a:b (RPD = 0.73–3.17, RMSE = 0.13–0.60); CR–KELM for chl b (RPD = 1.92–5.06, RMSE = 0.41–1.03 μg cm−2) and chl a:car (RPD = 1.31–3.23, RMSE = 0.26–0.50); SNV–Cubist for car (RPD = 1.63–3.32, RMSE = 0.31–1.89 μg cm−2); and DT–Cubist for chl:car (RPD = 1.53–3.96, RMSE = 0.27–0.74).
On the Operational Flood Forecasting Practices Using Low-Quality Data Input of a Distributed Hydrological Model
Authors: Li Binquan , Liang Zhongmin , Chang Qingrui , Zhou Wei , Wang Huan , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming
Published: October 2020

Low-quality input data (such as sparse rainfall gauges, low spatial resolution soil type and land use maps) have limited the application of physically-based distributed hydrological models in operational practices in many data-sparse regions. It is necessary to quantify the uncertainty in the deterministic forecast results of distributed models. In this paper, the TOPographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration (TOPKAPI) distributed model was used for deterministic forecasts with low-quality input data, and then the Hydrologic Uncertainty Processor (HUP) was used to provide the probabilistic forecast results for operational practices. Results showed that the deterministic forecasts by TOPKAPI performed poorly in some flood seasons, such as the years 1997, 2001 and 2008, despite which the overall accuracy of the whole study period 1996–2008 could be acceptable and generally reproduced the hydrological behaviors of the catchment (Lushi basin, China). The HUP model can not only provide probabilistic forecasts (e.g., 90% predictive uncertainty bounds), but also provides deterministic forecasts in terms of 50% percentiles. The 50% percentiles obviously improved the forecast accuracy of selected flood events at the leading time of one hour. Besides, the HUP performance decayed with the leading time increasing (6, 12 h). This work revealed that deterministic model outputs had large uncertainties in flood forecasts, and the HUP model may provide an alternative for operational flood forecasting practices in those areas with low-quality data.
The Unequal Impact of Natural Landscape Views on Housing Prices: Applying Visual Perception Model and Quantile Regression to Apartments in Seoul
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Lee Byoungkil , Lee Sangkyeong
Published: October 2020

Natural landscape views have positive sides, such as providing restorative effects to urban residents, and negative sides, such as deepening wealth inequality. Previous studies have mainly focused on the positives and rarely on the negatives. From this perspective, this study aimed to analyze the unequal impact of natural landscape views on housing prices for apartments in Seoul. We proposed a visual perception model to analyze natural landscape views and, based on a hedonic price model, we used ordinary least squares and quantile regression to estimate the marginal impacts on housing prices. The results show that: (1) natural landscape views had positive impacts on housing prices, but their impacts did not reach the level of structural and locational characteristics such as apartment area and the distance to subway stations; (2) natural landscape views had different marginal impacts by housing price range and, in particular, had much higher value-added effects on higher-priced apartments, meaning that if old apartment complexes are redeveloped into high-rise ones, the improvement in natural landscape views generates great profit for apartment owners and intensifies wealth inequality; (3) the geographic information system-based visual perception model effectively quantified the natural landscape views of wide areas and is thus applicable for the rigorous analysis of various landscape views.
From Silk to Digital Technologies: A Gateway to New Opportunities for Creative Industries, Traditional Crafts and Designers. The SILKNOW Case
Authors: Pagán Ester Alba , Salvatella María del Mar Gaitán , Pitarch María Dolores , Muñoz Arabella León , Toledo María del Mar Moya , Ruiz José Marin , Vitella Maurizio , Lo Cicero Georgia , Rottensteiner Franz , Clermont Dominic , Dorozynski Mareike , Wittich Dennis , Vernus Pierre , Puren Marie
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, cultural heritage is more than ever linked to the present. It links us to our cultural past through the conscious act of preserving and bequeathing to future generations, turning society into its custodian. The appreciation of cultural heritage happens not only because of its communicative power, but also because of its economic power, through sustainable development and the promotion of creative industries. This paper presents SILKNOW, an EU-H2002 funded project and its application to cultural heritage, as well as to creative industries and design innovation. To this end, it presents the use of image recognition tools applied to cultural heritage, through the interoperability of data in the open-access registers of silk museums and its presentation, analysis and creative process carried out by the design students of EASD Valencia as a case study, in the branches of jewellery and fashion project, inspired by the heritage of silk.
A Diverse Virome of Leafroll-Infected Grapevine Unveiled by dsRNA Sequencing
Authors: Fall Mamadou L. , Xu Dong , Lemoyne Pierre , Moussa Issam E. Ben , Beaulieu Carole , Carisse Odile
Published: October 2020

Quebec is the third-largest wine grape producing province in Canada, and the industry is constantly expanding. Traditionally, 90% of the grapevine cultivars grown in Quebec were winter hardy and largely dominated by interspecific hybrid Vitis sp. cultivars. Over the years, the winter protection techniques adopted by growers and climate changes have offered an opportunity to establish V. vinifera L. cultivars (e.g., Pinot noir). We characterized the virome of leafroll-infected interspecific hybrid cultivar and compared it to the virome of V. vinifera cultivar to support and facilitate the transition of the industry. A dsRNA sequencing method was used to sequence symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine leaves of different cultivars. The results suggested a complex virome in terms of composition, abundance, richness, and phylogenetic diversity. Three viruses, grapevine Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) 3 and 2 and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) largely dominated the virome. However, their presence and abundance varied among grapevine cultivars. The symptomless grapevine cultivar Vidal was frequently infected by multiple virus and viroid species and different strains of the same virus, including GLRaV-3 and 2. Our data show that viruses and viroids associated with the highest number of grapevines expressing symptoms included HSVd, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-2, in gradient order. However, co-occurrence analysis revealed that the presence of GLRaV species was randomly associated with the development of virus-like symptoms. These findings and their implications for grapevine leafroll disease management are discussed.
Contrasting Water Use Strategies of Tamarix ramosissima in Different Habitats in the Northwest of Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Su Pengyan , Zhang Mingjun , Qu Deye , Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Yu , Yao Xuyang , Xiao Hanyu
Published: October 2020

As a species for ecological restoration in northern China, Tamarix ramosissima plays an important role in river protection, flood control, regional climate regulation, and landscape construction with vegetation. Two sampling sites were selected in the hillside and floodplain habitats along the Lanzhou City, and the xylems of T. ramosissima and potential water sources were collected, respectively. The Bayesian mixture model (MixSIAR) and soil water excess (SW-excess) were applied to analyze the relationship on different water pools and the utilization ratios of T. ramosissima to potential water sources in two habitats. The results showed that the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line (LMWL) in two habitats were smaller compared with the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which indicated the existence of drier climate and strong evaporation in the study area, especially in the hillside habitat. Except for the three months in hillside, the SW-excess of T. ramosissima were negative, which indicated that xylems of T. ramosissima are more depleted in δ2H than the soil water line. In growing seasons, the main water source in hillside habitat was deep soil water (80~150 cm) and the utilization ratio was 63 ± 17% for T. ramosissima, while the main water source in floodplain habitat was shallow soil water (0~30 cm), with a utilization ratio of 42.6 ± 19.2%, and the water sources were different in diverse months. T. ramosissima has a certain adaptation mechanism and water-use strategies in two habitats, and also an altered water uptake pattern in acquiring the more stable water. This study will provide a theoretical basis for plant water management in ecological environment protection in the Loess Plateau.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality Evaluation Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Chai Yunxu , Xiao Changlai , Li Mingqian , Liang Xiujuan
Published: October 2020

Hydrogeochemical research and water quality evaluation are an important part of groundwater development and management projects in Dehui City, Jilin Province, China. We collected 217 groundwater samples in the study area and used two multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis to classify groundwater; combined graphical method, piper diagram, and Gibbs diagram to characterize groundwater chemical types and distinguish the water chemical control mechanism; and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate groundwater quality. Three major categories have been identified. Most of the groundwater in the study area is Ca-HCO3 type water. The water chemistry control mechanism is determined to be based on water-rock interaction and less evaporation. From east to west in the study area, the total dissolved solids (TDS) gradually increased, and water quality gradually deteriorated. In the whole region, 79.26% of the groundwater is suitable for drinking. With Yinma River at the boundary, the water quality in the eastern part is excellent, while that in the southwest is poor. After appropriate treatment, it can be used in industry and agriculture. The excess NO3− is mainly affected by human activities. The unique geological conditions of the Songnen Plain result in an excess amount of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in some areas. This study determined the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area and distinguished water quality levels. The results will be helpful for the development and management of groundwater resources.
Dynamic Characteristics of Bubble Collapse Near the Liquid-Liquid Interface
Authors: Yin Zhaoqin , Huang Zemin , Tu Chengxu , Gao Xiaoyan , Bao Fubing
Published: October 2020

Bubble collapse near the liquid-liquid interface was experimentally studied in this paper, and the dynamic evolution of a laser-induced bubble (generation, expansion, and collapse) and the liquid-liquid interface (dent and rebound) were captured by a high-speed shadowgraph system. The effect of the dimensionless distance between the bubble and the interface on the direction of the liquid jet, the direction of bubble migration, and the dynamics of bubble collapse were discussed. The results show that: (1) The jet generated during bubble collapse always directs toward the denser fluid; (2) bubble collapses penetrate the interface when the bubble is close to the interface; (3) three different shapes of the liquid-liquid interface—that is, a mushroom-shaped liquid column, a spike droplet, and a spherical liquid droplet—were observed.
Impacto económico de la reducción de la tasa del IVA en la región fronteriza norte de México con base en el uso de precios implícitos en el modelo insumo-producto
Authors: Fuentes Flores Noé Arón , Brugués Rodríguez Alejandro , Carrillo Viveros Jorge
Published: October 2020

En 2019 el nuevo gobierno federal mexicano decretó un paquete económico que incluye un cambio en la tasa del impuesto al valor agregado (IVA) de 16% a 8% para empresas registradas para facturación en la región fronteriza norte de México (RFN). Para medir cómo se transmite la rebaja impositiva completamente –efectos directos e indirectos— sobre cambios en el nivel general de precios en el corto plazo, así como también su impacto económico sobre la producción bruta, ocupación de personal y valor agregado a corto plazo, empleamos los precios implícitos en la tabla insumo producto estimada para la RFN. Los resultados muestran que el estímulo fiscal –si 100% de las empresas están registradas—: 1) inducirá una caída de – 2.3% en precios generales de la RFN; 2) a su vez, la caída de precios generales provocará un alza en la producción bruta en 2.9%; en la ocupación laboral en 2.2% y en el valor agregado en 2.6% para la RFN; e indican que, 3) la IMMEX es menos sensible en estas variables clave debido a la baja integración de insumos nacionales.
Especialización del trabajo y acumulación de riqueza de los hogares en México
Authors: Victoria Rodríguez Armando Adalberto , Flores Curiel Daniel
Published: October 2020

Se estudia la participación de las parejas en el mercado laboral y la acumulación de riqueza. En particular, se trata de establecer empíricamente que factores provocan que ambos cónyuges participen en el mercado laboral y si esta decisión afecta el ahorro. Los resultados indican que las parejas con mayor escolaridad e ingresos tienden a participar con más frecuencia en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, son los hogares especializados (en los que un solo cónyuge participa en el mercado laboral) quienes acumulan más riqueza una vez que se controla por diferencias de ingreso.
Impact of urban evolution on local temperature trends of Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Authors: Sajjad Sajjad Hussain , Shahzad Khuram , Iqbal Tasawar , Ashraf Nasir
Published: October 2020

Rawalpindi and Islamabad commonly known as twin cities of Pakistan have 3.2 million population. Twin cities have rapidly urbanized in the last three decades. The objective of the present study is to compute the urban growth and its effect on evolution of local temperature trends of twin cities. To compute the land-cover change such as built-up area, vegetation cover, water and barren land, Landsat images of 1980, 1992, 2000 and 2013 are classified by using the supervised image classification with maximum likelihood rule and probability surface method. To evaluate the change in temperature trends, homogenized time series data of daily averaged monthly minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures for the period of 1983 to 2013 is analyzed by using the linear regression. The results show that built-up area of twin cities increased from 66 km2 in 1983 to 148 km2 in 2013 with an increase of 120 per cent within 31 years. Due to resulted urbanization, Tmin and Tmax of twin cities have been increasing. Tmin is increased more in Rawalpindi than Islamabad and Tmax is increased more in Islamabad than Rawalpindi. The highest increase in Tmin and Tmax at both stations is observed during spring season.
DESIGN OF WEB BASED ACADEMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NURUL FALAH DEPOK
Authors: Rusdi Ibnu , Kurniasih Bekti
Published: October 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic requires adaptation to the New Normal in its application. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Falah Depok designed a web-based application to bridge this so that information about students reaches their parents without having to come to school. With internet media intermediaries, of course, the process of delivering information will be faster, the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model in the development of academic information systems that the author uses in designing a good system is the Waterfall model. The proposed database design is Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and Logical Record Structure (LRS), for system design using Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and literature study. With the design of a web-based academic information system at MI Nurul Falah, it is hoped that the process of delivering information will be more effective and efficient, so that school residents, especially students and teachers, can find out the information available anytime and anywhere. The development of technology is very fast and in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hoped that the use of this application will be one of the solutions in helping schools to convey the assessment of students at Nurul Falah Ibtidaiyah Madrasah.
INSERTING MESSAGE SECRET ON FILE DATA BANK USING STEGANOGRAPHY ENGINEERING WITH EOF (END OF FILE) METHOD
Authors: Sitorus Michael , Satria Deki
Published: October 2020

Exchanging information does not realize that is important information. Circulates often important information insignificant but such as account bank customer information. The threat of security to information such as interruption, interception, modification, and fabrication. Thefts of information data by irresponsible parties. This research aims to secure information data in the form file digital image to be inserted with a secret message on building application for a secret message security system in the Bank with applying steganography using the End Of File (EOF) method. Steganography application capable of inserting secret messages in digital image data files. The results of the research are able to keep the existence of the message hidden. When other people receive image files, they can only see the images with the naked eye. So all messages are invisible and will not be read for hackers or other people before knowing the security side and open of password or reading the secret message.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL WALLET SERVICE USERS USING NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER AND PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Cahyani Alvie Delia , Mardiana Tati
Published: October 2020

Digital wallet services provide many conveniences and benefits to its users. However, not all digital wallet service users have a positive opinion of the service. Sentiment analysis in this study aims to determine the opinions given by Dana and Isaku digital wallet service users whether they contain positive or negative opinions and apply the Naïve Bayes Classifier and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to the sentiment analysis of digital wallet service users. The Naïve Bayes Classifier method is used because it is simple, fast, high accuracy, and has good enough performance to classify data, but the Naïve Bayes Classifier has the disadvantage that each independent variable is assumed to cause a decrease in the accuracy value. Therefore, this research added an attribute weighting method, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to increase the accuracy of the classification of the Naïve Bayes Classifier. This study uses data taken from Twitter as many as 490 tweet data. The test results using the confusion matrix and ROC curve show an increase in accuracy of the Naïve Bayes Classifier Dana digital wallet from 60.00% to 91.67% and I.Saku digital wallet from 53.23% to 85.00%. T-Test and Anova test results show that the two classification methods tested have significant (significant) differences in Accuracy values.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OREGANO (Lippia palmeri S. WATS) ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Ortega-Nieblas Ma. Magdalena , Robles-Burgueño Ma. Refugio , Acedo-Félix Evelia , González-León Alberto , Morales-Trejo Adriana , Vázquez-Moreno Luz
Published: October 2020

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Lippia palmeri S. Wats essential oil extracted from plants collected of two localities (Álamos and Puerto del Orégano) in the State of Sonora, México, was examined. Essential oils (EO) were obtained from oregano leaves by steam distillation, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer, and their antimicrobial activity against human pathogens investigated by disc diffusion. Álamos and Puerto del Orégano essential oils (AEO and POEO) presented 50 and 60 constituents, respectively. The components were classified as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolics. AEO most abundant components (> 2%) included p-cymene, thymol, isoaromandrene, carvacrol, γ-terpinene, p-thymol, longipinene-epoxide and eudesmol; while for POEO were carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, caryophyllene, thymol acetate, α-bisabolene, γ-terpinene, myrcene and α-caryophyllene. These results implicate that chemotypes involved were a p-cymene/thymol in AEO and carvacrol in POEO. In general, EO antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria varied according to the plant origin. However, both POEO and AEO showed the strongest activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report of L. palmeri essential oil characterization, and our results support the notion that these oils could be useful in food flavoring and preservation.
EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD EN DOS PORTAINJERTOS DE VID CULTIVADOS A PIE FRANCO O INJERTADOS
Authors: Ojeda Maritza , Pire Reinaldo
Published: October 2020

La viticultura tropical se desarrolla en zonas de baja humedad donde el agua de riego frecuentemente presenta salinidad de mediana a alta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta a la salinidad de los portainjertos de vid ‘Criolla Negra’ y ‘Villanueva’ conducidos tanto a pie franco como injertados. Las plantas se cultivaron en recipientes de 5 L llenados con arena silícea y regadas con soluciones de NaCl + CaCl2 (1:2), ajustadas a conductividades eléctricas (CE) de 0.75 (testigo), 2.25, 3.75, 5.25 y 6.75 dS m-1. El material vegetal y los tratamientos salinos se evaluaron en arreglo factorial mediante un diseño completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones y dos plantas por unidad experimental. En condiciones de alta salinidad el crecimiento de la planta fue sólo 1/3 de su crecimiento potencial, la densidad longitudinal de raíces disminuyó en 67 % y la longitud específica en 38 %, la biomasa aérea en 64 % y la radical en 58 %. La relación raíz/parte aérea de los materiales aumentó a medida que se incrementó el nivel salino. El portainjerto ‘Criolla Negra’, tanto a pie franco como injertado, resultó más afectado en valores altos de CE que ‘Villanueva’, y la supervivencia de portainjertos a pie franco fue superior en comparación con los materiales injertados. Los niveles de clorofila y el rendimiento cuántico fotosintético disminuyeron al aumentar la dosis salina. ‘Villanueva’ presentó el mayor contenido de prolina y promedió mayor biomasa y longitud radical. Los niveles de K, Ca, Na y Cl tendieron a aumentar con la salinidad. El crecimiento de los injertos fue hasta 2/3 menor al de los portainjertos a pie franco. La fisiología de los materiales se afectó a valores bajos de CE (0.75 a 2.25 dS m-1), pero el crecimiento vegetativo sólo se afectó con salinidades superiores (CE: 2.25 a 3.75 dS m-1).
التشريع العراقي وأثره في الواقع الاقتصادى التنموى الراهن
Authors: المياحى عمــــار فــــوزي
Published: October 2020

ان البحث يسلط الضوء علي المشاكل الاقتصادية المترتبة على الديون الخارجية وذلك من خلال بيان أثر تزايد الاقتراض الخارجي على تعثر جهود التنمية الاقتصادية ببيان أثر القروض الخارجية على الادخار المحلي، وعلى ميزان المدفوعات، وأثرها على التضخم، وتزايد التبعية الاقتصادية للخارج، بفقدان حرية القرار الاقتصادي الوطني، والخضوع لتوجيهات المنظمات الدولية، وارتفاع نسبة الدين الخارجي إلي الناتج القومي، ودخول دول العجز المالي في حلقة مفرغة.

كما هو المعتاد في اقتصاديات الدول المختلفة توجد غالبا العديد من المعضلات التي تطرأ على الشعوب وتسبب لهم الفقر وضيق ذات اليد، وهنا تلجأ الدول للاقتراض من البنوك القومية وبيع السندات وأذون الخزانة وطلب التبرعات والمنح وغير ذلك من محاولات حل الأزمة، إلا أنها في النهاية إذا لم تجد بدًا من أن تلجأ للاقتراض من الخارج.

  وتم التطرق من خلال البحث الماثل الي صندوق النقد الدولي والنظام اللائحي المعمول به ، كاحد المؤسسات الناتجة عن اتفاقية بريتون وودز عام 1944، ويرافقه البنك الدولي للإنشاء والتعمير، وقوته التصويتية ووزن الدول النامية في تلك القوى وانعكاس ذلك علي صنع القرار داخل الصندوق، ومستجدات الاقراض، وادواته وطابعها المتغير, واهتمام الصندوق النقد الدولي في إشرافه على السياسات الاقتصادية للبلدان الأعضاء بأداء الإنفاق الكلي (وعناصره الأساسية مثل الإنفاق الاستهلاكي واستثمارات الأعمال) والناتج وتوظيف العمالة والتضخم، وكذلك ميزان المدفوعات في البلد المعني - أي ميزان معاملاته مع دول العالم الخارجي.

    وتاتي أهمية البحث من خلال الكشف عن ما وصل اليه الحال من تدني الاوضاع الاقتصادية بالعراق وتحديدا مع مطلع الالفية الجديدة  وارتفاع الديون الي مستويات تكاد تكون خارج حدود السيطرة، واللجوء للمنظمات الدولية للخروج من تلك الازمة وما استلزمه ذلك من اتخاذ السياسات التشريعية  اللازمة لتنفيذ التوصيات الائتمانية في هذا الملف تحديدا   .

وقد اجرت جمهورية العراق العديد من الاتفاقات والتعاملات مع صندوق النقد الدولي باعتباره المؤسسة الدولية الاولي في الاقراض الدولي لإصلاح الاختلالات المالية في الموازنات العامة للدول وتحديدا الاختلالات التى تصيب موازين المدفوعات، وكان من بين سابقة  تلك التعاملات عام 2005، 2008 واخرها اتفاق الاستعداد الائتماني العراقي عام 2016، وما يتولد عنه من التزامات تشريعية ومالية واقتصادية علي عاتق الدول المدينة .
اللامركزية الادارية في دستور جمهورية العراق 2005
Authors: سعيد اقبال ناجي
Published: October 2020

بعد تغيير نظام  الحكم في  العراق في 9 نيسان/أبريل 2003 أخذ التفكير يتجه إلى إعادة صياغة شكل الدولة العراقية من دولة موحدة إلى دولة اتحادية. وقد أصدر مجلس الحكم في العراق عام 2004 قانون إدارة الدولة للمرحلة الانتقالية، التي تنص المادة الرابعة منه على "أن نظام الحكم في العراق جمهوري اتحادي فيدرالي ديمقراطي تعددي". وفي دستور العراقي الاتحادي الدائم عام 2005 أوضح في مادته الأولى "جمهورية العراق دولة مستقلة ذات سيادة، نظام الحكم فيها نيابي برلماني ديمقراطي اتحادي". إن العراق كغيره من البلدان التي تحتوي مجتمعاتها على خصوصية وطنية، ويتفاعل معها صراع التنوع الديني سواء بشكلهِ المصطنع أو الطبيعي؛ يحتاج إلى تجربة ديمقراطية تؤسس لدولة الإنسان والمواطنة وتكافؤ الفرص، هذه التجربة ُتعطي نتائجها في ظل إعطاء الحقوق لتلك الهويات التي عانت عقودًا من الُظلم، ومحاولات الصهر داخل هوية وطنية مزيفة صنعتها النظم على مقاسها في الفترة السابقة. فلا استقرار ولا بناء للدولة العراقية ولا حلول عملية لأزماتها الحالية دون دستور موحد وشرعي يؤسس لبناء دولة المؤسسات، ويتحقق ذلك بإحدى الآليات الديمقراطية العصرية؛ مبدأ اللامركزية الإدارية للهويات الصغيرة، واللامركزية السياسية (الفيدرالية) للهويات الكبيرة. تكمن أهمية الدراسة في تناولها موضوع اللامركزية السياسية والإدارية من المنظور الإيجابي للامركزية، ومن منظور الحاجة الاجتماعية والسياسية للحالة العراقية في هذه المرحلة. أما مشكلة الدراسة فتكمن في طرح حل من الحلول الافتراضية لمجموعة من الأزمات العراقية، ذلك الحل هو نفسُه مشكلة ُتضاف إلى مشاكل العراق وأزماته. ويقوم البحث  على فرضيتان مفادهما أن العراق بحاجة حقيقية للنظام اللامركزي بشقيه السياسي والإداري؛ لعلاج مشاكل العراق وخاصة مشكلة الحقوق؛ ومن أجل تثبيت الديمقراطية وإرسائها وبناء الدولة. وأزمات العراق لن تنتهي مباشرة إذا ما ُطبقت اللامركزية الإدارية والفيدرالية، لكنها ستتقنن وتخضع للسيطرة، وُتصبح في سياق حلها بالشكل الصحيح بد ًلا من حالة الفوضى والصراع من أجل الصراع.
الازدواج الضريبي الدولي وسبل علاجه
Authors: حسين نور حمزة
Published: October 2020

ظاهرة  الازدواج الضريبي الدولي اصبحت من المشاكل المهمة التي تعاني منها الدول وذلك بسب تحمل المكلف الى دفع ضريبة ذاتها على نفس المادة الخاضعة للضريبة  من قبل عدة دول مما اثر ذلك سلبا , على التجارة الدولية وامام الاستثمارات الاجنبية بسب كثرة الدول التي تدعي اختصاصها بفرض الضريبة.
مدى مشروعية التدخل الدولي لاعتبارات إنسانية في إطار مبدأ عدم جواز تدخل الأمم المتحدة في صميم السلطان الداخلي للدول
Authors: هادي هادي طلال
Published: October 2020

ان التدخل الدولي الإنساني بغض النظر عن مشروعيته أو عدم مشروعيته يهدف إلى استخدام القوة المسلحة وغير المسلحة لحماية حقوق الإنسان وحرياته الأساسية عند حدوث انتهاكات جسيمة لهذه الحقوق, والتي برزت ملامح هذا التدخل وتطوره خلال الفترة التي تلت الحرب الباردة وتأسيس النظام الدولي الجديد القائم على احترام حقوق الإنسان وتحقيق السلم والأمن الدوليين.

          وبغض النظر عن ذلك فأن الممارسات الدولية أثبتت أن التدخل الدولي الإنساني الذي تمت ممارسته لا يستند إلى أية مسوغ قانوني بل يشكل في بعض الأحيان اعتداءً على حقوق الدول وسيادتها الداخلية, مثلما حدث في حالة التدخل الذي مارسته الإدارة الأمريكية في الصومال وليبيا وغيرها من الدول, لذا فقد وصف التدخل الدولي الإنساني في بعض الحالات بالازدواجية والخروج عن القواعد والضوابط القانونية الدولية.

          فاذا كان مبدأ عدم التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للدول يؤكد على التزام الدول والمنظمات الدولية بعدم المساس بسيادة الدول وكيانها الداخلي, فأنه في مقابل ذلك يلاحظ بأن مبدأ أحترام حقوق الإنسان وحرياته الأساسية يحث الدول والمنظمات الدولية بصفة خاصة بضرورة التدخل من أجل المحافظة على هذه الحقوق ومنع التعرض لها, مما أدى إلى وضع المبدأين في حالة تناقض قانوني من حيث مدى المشروعية التي تمارسها الدول عند التدخل الدولي الإنساني, وهذا ما سيتم بحثه في موضوع هذه الدراسة.
La relación Práctica Profesional Institucional / Población en la atención Pública Odontológica: su derivación en los grupos domésticos Tobas-Qom- asentados en el barrio "Los Pumitas" de la ciudad de Rosario
Authors: Azcona María Susana
Published: October 2020

El autor analiza críticamente la interacción: Práctica Profesional Institucional / Población en la Odontología Pública y sus implicaciones entre la Facultad de odontología de la UNR y los indígenas Tobas asentados en Los Pumitas Rosario. Argentina.
La organización familiar en las islas de Cabo Verde
Authors: Maffia Marta Mercedes
Published: October 2020

En este artículo analizamos la organización familiar en las islas de Cabo Verde, archipiélago africano, situado frente a las costas de Guinea, Mauritania y Senegal. Las tradiciones mediterráneas y africanas están presentes en la configuración familiar y en las relaciones al interior de la misma. El modelo analítico de Klaas Woortmann, en conjunción con la noción de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, nos permiten una mejor aproximación a la comprensión de la multiplicidad de representaciones y prácticas de la vida familiar caboverdeana.
Temporalidades fragmentadas:
Authors: García Analía
Published: October 2020

Un debate muy prolífero en torno a las políticas de reglamentación sobre los oligopolios y sus resultados después de casi dos décadas ha tenido lugar desde la desregulación de la actividad de hidrocarburos. Al mismo tiempo, un foco de preocupación ha sido el alto nivel de conflictividad que ha tenido lugar en los pueblos históricamente dedicados a esta actividad económica. Por otro lado, la crisis económica ha permitido a las ciencias sociales actualizar los debates en torno al drama del desempleo en la última década. A raíz de estas cuestiones, nos preguntamos sobre la dinámica social que rodea la experiencia biográfica de los trabajadores de hidrocarburos de la Cuenca Neuquina. Construimos una relación entre el estado actual del capitalismo y el territorio de la producción de hidrocarburos con el objetivo de entender las expresiones de una subjetividad particular, que se construye alrededor de los horizontes de la vida caracterizados por una fragmentación del tiempo y el espacio. Luego, analizamos la dinámica de los trabajadores migrantes en dos pueblos: Rincón de los Sauces y Buta Ranquil, donde viven durante la semana de trabajo lejos de sus familias nucleares. Dentro de este marco, nos preguntamos acerca de la soledad y el desarraigo que revelan sus horizontes personales de vida.
¿Racionalidad o doble racionalidad económica?
Authors: Landaburu Liliana , Presta Susana
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo aborda la existencia de diferentes racionalidades específicas ligadas a las unidades domésticas insertas en el sistema de producción capitalista. En este sentido, nos proponemos definir la condición de dichas unidades y sus prácticas. A partir del estudio de dos casos con características diferentes, analizamos los procesos de construcción de subjetividades, los cuales se encuentran atravesados por las contradicciones que plantea la coexistencia de racionalidades distintas. Dichas contradicciones se constituyen en las prácticas de los integrantes de las unidades domésticas contempladas, las cuales se encuentran en los márgenes o bordes del sistema capitalista de producción. Esto último, es el fundamento que nos permite construir la noción de "doble racionalidad económica", la cual desarrollaremos en este artículo.
Identidad étnica, etnicidad y reorganización comunitaria:
Authors: Valverde Sebastián
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo analizaremos la reorganización de la comunidad mapuche Ñorquinco (Departamento Aluminé, Provincia de Neuquén) en los '90, luego de haber padecido sus integrantes diversos reasentamientos forzosos. Abordaremos este proceso en el contexto de conflictividad territorial en que se da, pero también en función de la profundidad y dinámica histórica de la identidad étnica y la etnicidad.
Estrategias de enunciación política y posicionamiento del estado en el contexto internacional:
Authors: Fernández María del Rosario
Published: October 2020

The speech analyzed here we were interested in extending a planetary level, the concept of territoriality, which allows strengthen the political position of the bolivian state. The study is framed in the analysis of the speech, focusing, first, in the discrimination of the big scenes (Maingueneau, 2004) and, especially, in the characterization of the political sentences (Lozano Cividano, 2007).
La dimensión personal y social de la comunicación intercultural:
Authors: Sanhueza Henríquez Susan , Cardona Moltó María Cristina , Friz Carrillo Miguel
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the personal and social dimension of intercultural communication. Therefore, we chose a study design of multiple cases, interviewing elementary and secondary school students from different cultural backgrounds, in a regular classroom situation. Results show that communication among cultures is complex and it is characterized by attitudes of isolation, avoidance and the need of the ethnic minorities for social approval. Language, in both educative levels, is an obstacle for regular communication, having the students the need of recurring to alternative communicative ways.
Etnozoología, usos y abusos de los cuestionarios
Authors: Medrano Celeste
Published: October 2020

La etnozoología es una ciencia interdisciplinaria cuyo cuerpo metodológico se construye gracias al aporte de los métodos de las ciencias naturales y humanas. En este trabajo se discuten y amplían los alcances prácticos que otorgamos a los cuestionarios. Se aportan cuestionarios para trabajo en campo elaborados en base a la experiencia metodológica adquirida. Se discute sobre el uso de estímulos visuales y la necesidad de colectas biológicas. Finalmente se analizan aspectos relacionados al valor relativo de los instrumentos de recolección de datos.
Parte de la religión:
Authors: Quiña Guillermo
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender la articulación de la producción musical independiente con los procesos de reproducción del capitalismo contemporáneo en Argentina. Para ello analiza las representaciones de sus actores desde la perspectiva contextualista de los estudios culturales y a partir de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Argumenta que las representaciones de libertad, autenticidad y originalidad conforman una tríada que, junto a la tradición del disco y bajo una apariencia contraria, permite articular el fenómeno de la música independiente con el orden hegemónico actual.