bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O OBJETO EM FUGA: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES EM TORNO DO CONCEITO DE REGIÃO
Authors: Soares José Roberto Henrique Souza
Published: June 2021

O trabalho abordado nesta rápida analise crítica foi elaborado com a finalidade de discutir epistemologicamenteo uso dos conceitos de Região e Regionalização por historiadores que se debruçam sobre o campo daHistoriografia Regional. Nesta perspectiva o autor discute as possibilidades e como tais pesquisadores devemconceber e discutir os fenômenos oriundos da regionalização dos espaços. Tal proposta se baseia numaabordagem foucaultiana, em que a categoria Região é percebida como um objeto idealizado e planejado,utilizado apenas para segregrar socioeconomicamente os espaços em defesa dos interesses de uma parteminoritária da sociedade. Este texto serve para compreendermos como a organização espacial dos territóriospodem ser utilizadas para diversas finalidades, mas no entanto, devem ser compreendidas e utilizadas paraproporcionar a integração e valorização da diversidade.
Análise do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) na bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Cedro, município de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
Authors: Bordin Galvão Dias Marcel
Published: June 2021

A utilização do sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta para a obtenção de informações ambientais tem crescido nas últimas décadas, atrelada a melhorias nas técnicas e procedimentos adotados, que permitem a obtenção de resultados cada vez mais próximos da realidade. Neste contexto, o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI) trouxe importantes contribuições aos estudos ambientais, em especial, aos estudos sobre a vegetação e sua degradação pelas atividades antrópicas em áreas rurais e urbanas. O presente estudo buscou aplicar o referido índice na bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Cedro, situada no município de Presidente Prudente (SP), utilizando como recorte temporal os anos de 1997 e 2017. Para a identificação das transformações ocorridas na vegetação da referida área de estudo, o NDVI foi calculado utilizando imagens do sensor TM/Landsat-5 para o ano de 1997, e do sensor OLI/Landsat-8 para o ano de 2017. Os resultados obtidos atestam a redução da área vegetada na referida bacia, atrelada à expansão das áreas destinadas à urbanização e às atividades agropecuárias.
APLICAÇÃO DA ANÁLISE GEOESPACIAL PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE DE TERRENOS
Authors: Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Loverde-Oliveira Simoni Maria
Published: June 2021

O conhecimento sobre a fragilidade dos terrenos constitui um dos principais instrumentos no planejamentoterritorial considerando a sua utilização no gerenciamento da ocupação do solo. O estudo teve como objetivorealizar o diagnóstico da fragilidade dos terrenos aos processos erosivos na bacia córrego Grande localizada noAssentamento Carimã, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A metodologia foi baseada na determinação dasuscetibilidade do terreno, onde foram atribuídos pesos aos diferentes fatores. Após o mapeamento por fator foiutilizado a ferramenta raster do QGIS para a sobreposição dos mapas. Na bacia do córrego Grande, 71,5% da suaárea caracterizou-se por baixa a moderada suscetibilidade, onde o tipo de solo, usos da terra e declividade foramfatores importantes e determinantes de baixa fragilidade. As regiões com os menores índices de suscetibilidadeestavam com a cobertura vegeta natural preservada. A região central da bacia, local onde há maiores graus dedeclividade do terreno, solo com menores propriedades de firmeza, amplo cultivo de pastagem e exposição dosolo, obtiveram valores de alta suscetibilidade. Os resultados servem como proposta de método prévio àsinstalações de assentamentos rurais visando conhecer melhor a área, beneficiando a segurança social dosassentados, os recursos naturais e a biodiversidade.
GEOGRAFIA E TRABALHO DE CAMPO: OLHARES E PERSPECTIVAS A PARTIR DA ABORDAGEM ETNOGEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Barbosa David Tavares
Published: June 2021

No presente artigo, buscaremos apresentar uma análise crítica sobre o status do trabalho de campo para a disciplina geográfica contemporânea. Para tal, adotaremos alguns aportes teórico-metodológicos fornecidos por abordagens da geografia que dialogam com a perspectiva etnográfica do trabalho de campo. A partir dessa abordagem, buscaremos destacar o caráter comunicativo, crítico e situacional do campo, que envolve um conjunto de interações culturais, práticas discursivas e espaciais entre o pesquisador, os grupos sociais estudados e a produção efetiva dos dados.
MODERNIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA: TERRA E ÁGUA NO ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO CEARENSE
Authors: Muniz Alexsandra Maria Vieira
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é evidenciar as consequências do processo de modernização da agricultura no Ceará, entendendo-a como resultante da intensificação das relações capitalistas que vem agravando questões atinentes a terra e a água no espaço agrário cearense. Como metodologia tivemos a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estatística, bem como, trabalhos de campo. Com a posterior sistematização e análise do material coletado foi possível constatar a persistência da acirrada concentração fundiária e o desigual uso dos recursos hídricos.
ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA PARA DETECÇÃO DE TENDÊNCIAS EM SÉRIES TEMPORAIS DE TEMPERATURA E PRECIPITAÇÃO NO RECIFE-PE
Authors: Silva Junior Marcos Antonio Barbosa da , Fonseca Neto Gastão Cerquinha da , Cabral Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho buscou identificar tendências nas séries temporais de temperatura e precipitação na cidade do Recife-PE. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados diários, mensais e anuais da estação climatológica Recife (Curado), operada pelo INMET, entre 1961 e 2017. As tendências foram detectadas por meio de regressão linear simples e testes de Mann-Kendall (com níveis de significância de 5% e 10%) e Curvatura de Sen, usando o software estatístico XLSTAT 2018. Os resultados mostraram tendência positiva para as séries temporais de temperaturas mínima, média e máxima (mensal e anual). Nas séries de precipitações máximas e totais (mensal e anual), a regressão linear simples não apontou tendência nos dados, diante dos baixos coeficientes de determinação. Em contrapartida, os testes de Mann-Kendall e Curvatura de Sen mostraram que, apenas para os meses de março e setembro, foi detectada tendência negativa e estatisticamente significante nas séries temporais dos totais precipitados. Já a ocorrência de eventos com precipitações extremas (≥ 100mm/24h) apresentou tendência positiva e levemente significante.
ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO COMO SUPORTE AO MAPEAMENTO DOS RISCOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAICÓ (RN)
Authors: Araújo Jaedson Zeferino
Published: June 2021

Nos últimos anos, o advento das geotecnologias tem viabilizado a confecção de diversos mapas temáticos, dentre eles, os mapas de uso e ocupação do solo, os quais vêm se mostrando uma excelente ferramenta para os profissionais que trabalham com temas associados ao planejamento e ordenamento urbano-territorial. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi explorar a identificação dos tipos de uso e ocupação do solo, com a função de dar suporte à identificação das áreas de risco geomorfológico, no município e no perímetro urbano de Caicó, RN. Utilizou-se para o embasamento teórico-metodológico o Manual Técnico do Uso da Terra do IBGE, a determinação das classes do uso do solo se deram por meio da classificação supervisionada a partir de dados do Satélite LANDSAT 8 (2017) e ferramenta Basemap (2017) trabalhados em ArcgGIS 10.3. De maneira geral, a classificação do uso e ocupação do solo em Caicó, abre precedentes para a ampliação do conhecimento das áreas de riscos geomorfológico e os danos e prejuízos consideráveis que eles podem causar, exigindo assim, mais atenção da sociedade.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO ESPACIAL APLICADOS À PLUVIOSIDADE EM REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA: BACIA DO RIO MADEIRA
Authors: Souza Vinicius Alexandre Sikora de , Rotunno Filho Otto Corrêa , Moreira Daniel Medeiros
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar comparativamente diferentes métodos de interpolação de precipitação para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Madeira, por meio de análise espacial. Foram usadas 60 estações, onde 70 % destas (45 estações) realizou-se as interpolações e os 30 % restante foram usadas na validação dos métodos. Os métodos analisados foram média aritmética, polígonos de Thiessen, Função de Base Radial Multiquadrada (BRM), Método Kriging (KG), Inverso da Distância Ponderada (IDP) e Vizinho Natural (VN). Verificou-se que o método da Função de Base Radial Multiquadrada (BRM) teve o pior resultado quando comparado com os demais métodos aplicados e A configuração espacial das estações presentes na bacia não foi capaz de aplicar em toda a extensão da mesma a técnica do Vizinho Natural (VN), observando assim, que a rede pluviométrica da bacia do rio Madeira não possui espacialização representativa.
APLICAÇÃO DE ÍNDICES MORFOMÉTRICOS EM ESCALA DE DETALHE PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOTECTÔNICA NA FOLHA ITAPOROROCA 1:25.000, PARAÍBA – BR
Authors: Souza Alexandre Dos Santos , Lavor Larissa Fernandes de
Published: June 2021

As técnicas de morfometria, quando empregadas no estudo do relevo e na rede de drenagem fluvial, permitem inferir sobre os aspectos estruturais que influenciam na configuração de feições morfoestruturais presentes em diferentes bases litológicas. Este trabalho demonstra como aplicar, em carta topográfica de 1:25.000, digitalizada e vetorizada em um sistema de Computer-Aided Design, os índices morfométricos de Razão Fundo/Altura de Vale (RFAV), Fator Assimétrico (FA) e perfis topográficos. As técnicas aplicadas possibilitam apresentar resultados qualitativos e quantitativos que, combinados, resultam em informações detalhadas sobre padrões morfoestruturais presentes no relevo, osquais só podem se registrar por meio de estudos particularizados e com escala de detalhe. No caso específico deste trabalho, registraram-se os principais padrões morfoestruturais existentes na área da folha Itapororoca 1:25.000 (SB.25-Y-A-V-4-NO), borda oriental do estado da Paraíba, entre os quais estão:canais retilíneos, inflexões abruptas, vales assimétricos, entre outros. Os resultados obtidos corroboram outras pesquisas que revisam a concepção ultrapassada de que a plataforma continental brasileira é passiva, demonstrando a presença conspícua da atuação morfotectônica na configuração do relevo brasileiro.Palavras chave: Carta Topográfica, Morfometria do relevo, Morfotectônica, Rede de drenagem.
CARACTERÍSTICAS HIDROGEOLÓGICAS E HIDROGEOQUÍMICAS DO AQUÍFERO BOA VIAGEM NA PORÇÃO LESTE DO BAIRRO DA VÁRZEA-RECIFE-PE
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigo Martins
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados e conclusões, obtidos acerca das características geológicas, hidrogeológicas e hidroquímicas das águas subterrâneas do Aquífero Boa Viagem na porção leste do bairro da Várzea. O estudo constou de levantamento bibliográfico em recursos hídricos subterrâneos e dados técnicos de fichas e cadastro de poços na Cidade de Recife, com o objetivo principal de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um modelo hidrogeológico dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos do bairro da Várzea. A análise e interpretação dos perfis construtivos e litológicos e das análises físico–químicas das águas dos poços selecionados demonstraram que o Aquífero Boa Viagem, no local estudado, é multicamadas, com diferentes composições litológicas e com águas variando de bicarbonatada sódica a mista e cloretadas sódicas. Palavras-chave: Aquífero Boa Viagem; Bairro da Várzea; Hidroquímica; Qualidade da Água.
Korelasi Antara Hafalan Al-Qur’an Dengan Nilai Muhadatsah Bahasa Arab
Authors: Anwar Khairil
Published: June 2021

The background of this research is the alignment of students’ Arabic conversation scores with the score of memorizing the al-Qur’an, so that researchers are interest in knowing how closely the relationship between memorizing Al-Qur'an and score of Arabic conversation at STIT Darul Fattah Bandar Lampung. This research is a quantitative type, this research design uses a correlation design. This research was conducted at STIT Darul Fattah Bandar Lampung. The research sample consisted of 20 students consisting of class A in first semester, which were determined using purposive sampling technique. The instruments consist of interviews and documentation.The data analysis technique uses simple correlation analysis techniques. Based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient with a significant level of 5% and 1%. With r count> r table or 0.717> 0.468 / 0.590, thus Ha is accepted. This means that there is a positive relationship / correlation between memorizing the Qur'an and score of Arabic Conversation of 0.717. There is a positive relationship between memorizing Al-Qur'an and score of Arabic Conversation students class A in second semester STIT Darul Fattah Bandar Lampung. The level of relationship or correlation between memorizing Al-Qur'an and score of Arabic Conversation in class A in second STIT Darul Fattah Bandar Lampung is in the strong category.
Efektivitas Metode Langsung dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Arab
Authors: Sya'bani Muhammad Zaky
Published: June 2021

Arabic language which is a foreign language in Indonesia has now been studied in schools specifically based on Islamic religion. As an Arabic language subject certainly has indicators in a learning, one of them is SMP IT Al Farabi which wants to improve the ability to speak students by applying Direct Methods to learning in the classroom. Researchers collect data through observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the data are then analyzed qualitatively. From the results of the research that has been carried out it was found that learning Arabic by applying Direct Methods can improve students' language skills especially on students' speaking skills, in addition students' interest and motivation increases. This is evidenced by the increasing value and activity of students during the Learning Process of Arabic using Direct Method.
CREATING SAFE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS THAT IMPLEMENT INCLUSIVE EDUCATION BY INTRODUCING SCHOOL MUTUAL UNDERTANDING SERVICE IN THEIR LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Luhinets Natalia , Pavlivska Iryna , Safonova Olha , Skyba Olha , Shamardina Anna
Published: June 2021

The article notes that in recent years Ukraine has identified new priorities for the development of its education system. Since 2018, the concept of the New Ukrainian School has been introduced in general secondary education institutions. There has been created an appropriate legal framework, and practical reforms in the field of education have begun, i.e. the Ukrainian school must change radically. One of the priorities of the state's development is inclusive education, which is one of the main factors in reforming the system of institutional care and upbringing of children in Ukraine. This means that in general educational institutions in classrooms different children will learn and interact together, including children with special educational needs. The goal of educational institutions is the all-round development of any child, creating conditions for the assimilation of effective models of behavior with peers, taking into account all the features of the development of each individual child. However, frequent occurrences of violence, bullying and a high level of conflict among peers do not allow schoolchildren to fully achieve their goals. The article considers the problems that students may face during the educational process in inclusive learing institutions; one of the issues is bullying in the children's community. The authors analyzed the legislation of Ukraine on combating bullying. They outlined the measures of preventive work of teachers to prevent bullying. As a result, the prevention of bullying in educational institutions contributes to the improvement of the microclimate in communities and the creation of a safe educational environment in educational institutions. The establishment of school services of mutual understanding and implementation of a restorative approach can improve the socio-psychological microclimate in school (or higher educational institution) communities, creating a safe environment for all participants of the educational process, because it is a well-established process of interaction between mediators, an efficient way of peacebuilding and nonviolent communication.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF PEDAGOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tugelbayeva Zh. , Zhumabayeva А. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The modernization of General education currently underway in Kazakhstan brings to the fore the tasks of developing the child's personality, abilities and aptitudes, and revealing the creative potential of the individual, starting from the moment of entering the first grade of secondary school. Therefore, a modern primary school teacher must implement training, development and education based on knowledge of the individual characteristics of the younger student, be able to manage the process of constant change of the student and ensure his ascent to a higher level of development, carry out research pedagogical search, solving the problems of the child's personality formation on a scientific basis. This article discusses diagnostic methods, features of diagnostic objects, areas of its application, objective methods of data collection and analysis during diagnostics, problems of improving the measurement of the quality of written and test works.
PRACTICE – ORIENTED EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR AN INNOVATIELY COMPETENT HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tashkeyeva G.K. , Ibraimov M.K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Adilzhan K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Today, the developing countries face the situation where there is an abundance of specialists with higher education, while the economy lacks qualified practice-oriented personnel. In general, there is a disproportion between the ever-increasing demand of specialists and supply on the labor market, and between the way of professional education and modern business. Society requires the commercialization of fundamental knowledge, the restructuring of the education system. Without losing its fundamental nature, education today acquires a new, practice-oriented content. The integration of education, science, and production is the joint use of the potential of educational, scientific and industrial organizations in mutual interests [1]. Kazakhstani universities are becoming leading scientific organizations generating new knowledge and new technologies – nationallaboratories are being created on the bases of large universities; work is underway to strengthen the university's scientific potential; the integration of university science with production has begun, with some of the most successful universities being granted research status, and so on. Today, the global industry receives new technologies from universities research centers.There was a need to make adjustments to the educational activities of universities. Scientists must have real opportunities and incentives to engage in scientific research. Since the competence is a multifunctional tool for measuring the quality of professional education, the competency-based approach, which is focused on the organization of educational and cognitive activity by modeling a variety of situations in various areas of the individual’s life, could be an effective tool to increase the practical level of training in higher education. The implementation of a practice-oriented system of training of an innovatively competent specialist focuses on the result of education, where the result is not the amount of learned information, but the person’s ability to act in various situations. Such system is aimed at improving interaction with the labor market, increasing the competitiveness of specialists, updating the content, methodology and related learning environment.
FIRST COURS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS` PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF CULTURE AND MENTAL WORK
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Saudabayeva G.S. , Aitbayeva M.A. ,   Kyzylorda State University named after Korkyt Ata,Kyzylorda city,Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article raises the problem of the formation of a culture of mental work of a freshman student. The importance of mental skills is revealed to ensure the effectiveness of the student's educational and cognitive activity, the formation of the future specialist’s ability to self-development and self-education. The dependence of the complex process of socialization of the personality of a first-year student in a university on the formation of its culture of mental work is highlighted. The period of study at the university in the life of a young person largely determines the formation of the personality as a whole, and contributes to the socialization of the student’s personality. The concept of socialization of personality is analyzed in detail. The main difficulties of first-year students associated with poor intellectual work skills are highlighted. The mental skills necessary for the student are listed not only during training at the university, but also in further professional activities.
DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Baikushikova G. , Apsattarova G. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article assesses the process of development of relations between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, describes the impact on bilateral relations of current events in international relations. Kazakh-Uzbek relations have a historical character, emphasize the common position between the two countries, the importance of common interests. The author, assessing the prospects for cooperation between the two countries, first of all focused on the influence of external factors. He gave data on the events taking place in modern international relations, analyzed the relations between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the new conditions.
INTERETHNIC HARMONY IN TURKESTAN REGION
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Mukazhanova A. , Japparova R.T. ,   Khoja Akhmed Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan, Yakiyayeva G.Sh. ,   Khoja Akhmed Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Kazakhstan is one of the few countries on the planet, which is unique not only for its multinational culture, experience of peaceful neighborhood of many ethnic groups. The uniqueness of our country also lies in the fact that from the very moment of the formation of independent Kazakhstan, ensuring interethnic peace and harmony, which are the historical basis of the state national policy of the republic, has been given priority attention by the state.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LABOR PROTECTION-THE BASIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Meirbekova G.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the substantiation of the proposed measures to improve the health management system of employees for safety and labor protection from an economic and social point of view, considering the theoretical aspects of the safety and labor protection management system. The author analyzes the conditions and features of the application of legislation that protects the social rights of employees in the system of occupational safety and health in Kazakhstan.
Spatially compounded surge events: an example from hurricanes Matthew and Florence
Authors: Curtis Scott , DePolt Kelley , Kruse Jamie , Mukherji Anuradha , Helgeson Jennifer , Ghosh Ausmita , Van Wagoner Philip
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The simultaneous rise of tropical-cyclone-induced flood waters across a large hazard management domain can stretch rescue and recovery efforts. Here we present a means to quantify the connectedness of maximum surge during a storm with geospatial statistics. Tide gauges throughout the extensive estuaries and barrier islands of North Carolina deployed and operating during hurricanes Matthew (n=82) and Florence (n=123) are used to compare the spatial compounding of surge for these two disasters. Moran's I showed the occurrence of maximum storm tide was more clustered for Matthew compared to Florence, and a semivariogram analysis produced a spatial range of similarly timed storm tide that was 4 times as large for Matthew than Florence. A more limited data set of fluvial flooding and precipitation in eastern North Carolina showed a consistent result – multivariate flood sources associated with Matthew were more concentrated in time as compared to Florence. Although Matthew and Florence were equally intense, they had very different tracks and speeds which influenced the timing of surge along the coast.
Differences in Pivot Leg Kinematics and Electromyography Activation in Various Round House Kicking Heights
Authors: Chang Wei-Gang , Lin Kuan-Yu , Chu Mu-Yen , Chow Tong-Hsien
Published: June 2021

The round house kick (RHK) is a common technique in taekwondo (TKD). The kicking action originates from the dynamic stability of the pivot leg. However, some knee injuries are caused by more difficult kicking strategies, such as kicks to the opponent’s head. This study analyses the effects on TKD players in the lower extremity kinematic and neuromuscular reactions from different kicking heights. This study recruited 12 TKD players (age = 20.3 ± 1.3 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass = 62.17 ± 9.45 kg) with no previous lower extremity ligament injuries. All athletes randomly performed 3 RHK at different heights (head, chest, and abdomen), repeating each kick 5 times. During the RHK action, the kinematics and muscle activations of the pivot leg were collected using six high-speed cameras and electromyography devices. The results found that during the RHK return period a high kicking position demonstrated larger knee valgus with the straight knee, and more hamstring activation on the pivot leg. The RHK pivot foot for TKD players encountered more risk of injury from high target kicking. The hamstring muscle played an important stabilizing role. It is recommended that sports medicine clinicians or sports coaches use this information to provide further protective injury prevention strategies.
SUBORDINASIONISME ALLAH TRITUNGGAL DALAM PENGAJARAN PLURALISME
Authors: Kaseke Fanny Yapi Markus
Published: June 2021

Subordinasionisme Allah Tritunggal Dalam Pengajaran Pluralisme. Artikel ini mengulas tentang salah satu ajaran dari sekian ajaran yang beragam tentang Allah Tritunggal, yakni subordinasionisme. Kemudian hari, ajaran subordinasionisme digunakan kalangan pluralis untuk menyokong pendapat mereka. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menganalisa ajaran tersebut.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian theologia filosofika dengan pendekatan apologetika. Pendekatan apologetika yang digunakan adalah dengan apologetika presuposisional. Subordinasionisme dalam Allah Tritunggal sebenarnya tidak ada. Perbedaan yang terlihat dalam Allah Tritunggal sebenarnya hanya menyangkut fungsi tiga pribadi Allah yang berbeda-beda dalam hubungan dengan ciptaan (opera ad extra). Konsep subordinasi yang dikemukakan kaum pluralis sebenarnya hanyalah upaya untuk “menganulir” ajaran Kristen bahwa Allah Tritunggal yang esa itu terdiri dari tiga pribadi (hypostasis), yakni Allah Bapa, Allah Anak (yaitu Yesus Kristus), dan Allah Roh Kudus. Karena apabila Yesus Kristus dapat dibuktikan bukan Allah, maka itu berarti ajaran pluralisme mengenai adanya kebenaran dalam semua agama adalah benar, dan sebaliknya ajaran Kristen (ortodoksi) keliru. Pluralisme bukan sekedar konsep sosiologis, melainkan lebih merupakan “doktrin” theologis yang didasarkan pada relativisme yang bersumber pada pandangan dunia atomis, maupun pandangan oseanis, sedangkan keunikan dan finalitas Kristus dianggap sebagai sebuah mitos yang perlu ditinggalkan.
Brief History of Islamic Civilization from Its Genesis in the Late Nineteenth Century to Its Institutional Entrenchment
Authors: Van Bladel Kevin
Published: June 2021

This article sketches the early history of Islamic civilization from its genesis in the late nineteenth century to its institutionalization in the twentieth. Key moments include its enshrinement in journals and a monumental encyclopedia and the flight of European Semitists to the United States. Its institutionalization in the undergraduate curriculum at the University of Chicago in 1956 created a successful model for the subsequent dissemination of Islamic civilization. Working in a committee on general education (the core curriculum) in the social sciences at the University of Chicago, Marshall Hodgson inaugurated Islamic civilization as a subject of university study that was not just for specialists but available to American college students as fulfilling a basic requirement in a liberal arts education. Many other universities followed this practice. Since then, Islamic civilization has come to be shared by the educated public. Today it is an internationally accepted and wellfunded entity that confers contested social power but still lacks analytical power.
Introduction
Authors: Garnier Sébastien , Klasova Pamela , Keegan Matthew L.
Published: June 2021

Introduction from the guest editors.
Determination of Microbiological Pollution Level of Lake Van and Lake Erçek Situated within the Borders of Van Province
Authors: Aydın Elif , Parlak Mehmet , Güdücüoğlu Hüseyin , Bayram Yasemin
Published: June 2021

Objective: Lake Van is one of the most important recreation areas of the region. Investigation of microbiological pollution of Lake Van is very important for public health. The aim of this study is to assess the microbiological pollution and determine water quality of the lakes Van and Erçek situated within Van Province, which are used for swimming and recreation to protect both human and environmental health. For this purpose, the presence of fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococci were investigated in samples taken from 29 different points of the lakes. Method: Between June and September 2015, 232 water samples were taken from predefined 29 points, every two weeks, and sent to the Public Health Laboratory of Van Province in 300-500 mL sterile plastic bottles in accordance with Bathing Water Quality Regulation (76/160 / EU: add-on clause 5. Membrane filtration method was used to analyze the samples for coliform bacilli and enterococci. Mandatory values according to bathing water quality regulation were taken as 2000 cfu/100 ml,10000 cfu/100 ml and 1000 cfu/100 ml for fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococcus, respectively. Results: In 196 (84%) of 232 water samples collected, no bacterial contamination was found, while 36 (16%) samples were found contaminated with fecal coliform, total coliform and Enterococcus species. At least one or more specimens of poor quality water were detected in 17 of 29 sampled beaches. Conclusion: It was envisaged to take precautions by restricting the use of the places where microbiological pollution was detected. In addition, regular analyzes are important for public health.
Distribution and Susceptibilities of Pathogens causing Candidemia: Should Empirical Antifungal Treatment Policy Be Changed in Our Hospital?
Authors: Er Halil , Özkalay Yılmaz Nisel , Karaca Derici Yeşer , Hancı Sevgi , Saba Çopur Şükran
Published: June 2021

Objective: In recent years, the incidence of invasive Candida infections have increased due to the increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the number of patients with immunosuppressive therapy and in the intensive care unit with the impaired condition. Knowing the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities in Candida infections are important in managing the treatment of these infections with high mortality and morbidity. In this study, it was aimed to determine the distribution and antifungal sensitivities of Candida species that isolated from blood cultures taken from patients hospitalized in various clinics in our hospital and evaluation of the antifungal treatment policy applied in our hospital according to these results. Method: Using gradient test strips (BioMérieux E test, France) of Candida spp. grown in blood cultures (BacT/Alert 3D, BioMérieux, France), and identified by conventional methods and automated identification systems [API ID 32C, (BioMérieux, France) and MaldiTOF MS, (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany)] between July 2017 and March 2019, and their susceptibilities to antifungal agents were determined). Results: Among the 175 Candida strains isolated, 84 (48%) were Candida parapsilosis, other identified strains were as follows; Candida albicans (n=57; (32.6%), Candida glabrata (n=15; 8.6%), Candida tropicalis (n=12; 6.9%), Candida kefyr (n=3; 1.7%), one Candida dubliniensis (n=1; 0.6%), Candida famata (n=1; 0.6%), Candida lusitaniae (n=1; 0.6%) and Candida spp. (n=1; 0.6%). Antimicrobial resistance rates of isolated C. parapsilosis strains against fluconazole (54.8%), voriconazole (44.1%), posaconazole (7.1%), itraconazole (25%) and anidulafungin (1.2%), and of C. albicans against fluconazole (8.8%), voriconazole (7%), itraconazole (15.8%) were determined as indicated. Conclusion: As a result, it is noteworthy that C. parapsilosis is the most frequently isolated infection agent in the blood cultures of patients hospitalized in our hospital and that especially C. parapsilosis species show high fluconazole resistance.
COVID-19 Vaccine: The Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Syeda Saima , Shrivastava Anju
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic in the year
2020, leading to disruption of the healthcare system with a great impact on socio-economy
worldwide. Owing to this, an accelerated development of safe and efficient vaccines is required to
fight against this virus. In this line, various vaccine development platforms have been exploited
globally in order to manage the exponentially increasing rate of infection and mortality. Some
vaccines in clinical phase trials have entered into emergency use authorization by few countries
while others are in a preclinical stage. The present review summarizes the various platforms of
vaccine development and also gives an insight into the vaccination programme initiated in India.
Effect of Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio and Current Ratio to Stock Returns in Large Trading Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2018 Period
Authors: . Fenny , Edward Yusuf Ronny
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of return on equity, debt to equity ratio, and current ratio on stock returns. Several previous studies regarding stock returns show different results. Therefore, other research needs to be done to retest stock returns. The population of this study is the large trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2018. Based on the purposive sampling method in the data collection process, obtained 14 companies as samples. The research variables used are return on equity (ROE), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR), and stock returns. Hypothesis testing was carried out by multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 21.0. The results showed that partially, ROE and DER had a significant effect on stock returns, while the CR had no significant effect on stock returns.

Keywords: Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, Stock Returns.
ASPEK KONSTRUKTIVIS DALAM SENGKETA WILAYAH KASHMIR ANTARA INDIA DAN PAKISTAN
Authors: Nugroho Agung Yudhistira
Published: June 2021

Kashmir region is a complex area. Kashmir territorial dispute is caused by the impact on the political interests of both countries and through a unilateral claim of India and Pakistan. Issue a struggle power between India and Pakistan which the two countries mutually detterence launched through testing their nuclear weapons increasingly sharpening conflict between the two countries. The case of a prolonged struggle for Kashmir region forced the United Nations to find a solution as a step to solve the problem in Kashmir. The UN Security Council sends to India and Pakistan by bringing a proposal that suggested the two countries demilitarize over Kashmir to ensure that the polls are offered not take sides with one country. However, the proposal was rejected by India. India considered that the Kashmir issue is a bilateral issue with Pakistan. Resolution will be undertaken by the UN is always doomed to failure. This will be appointed by the author to see the extent of the territorial dispute escalating conflict.
KEMBALINYA DOKTRIN FUKUDA PADA ERA PEMERINTAHAN YUKIO HATOYAMA: STUDI PERAN JEPANG DI ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Alamsyah Kurnia
Published: June 2021

Abstract This study aims to determine how the Fukuda doctrine underlying Japan's foreign policy in Southeast Asia and the Fukuda doctrine underlying the implementation of foreign policy in Southeast Asia during Yukio Hatoyama . The method used is library research . By examining the form of instrument - an instrument of foreign policy cooperation da Japan in Southeast Asia . Based on the results of the study showed FukudaDoctrine which is the rationale for Japanese foreign policy in Asia and the policies underlying the cooperation between Japan and Southeast Asia . With the amount of ODA in Southeast Asia which reaches 40 % in Indonesia , 11 % in Vietnam and 12 % in the Philippines with ntotal reach 85 % of total Japanese ODA in Southeast Asia . And the magnitude of the needs of Japan's energy resources which are largely sourced dar developing countries in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia . And the importance of the Straits of Malacca which is the Japanese energy traffic until today . It can be concluded that the Fukuda doctrine underlying Japan's foreign policy in Southeast Asia .Keyword : Docktrin Fukuda, Yukio HatoyamaABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegetahui bagaimana doktrin fukuda mendasari kebijakan luar negeri Jepang di Asia Tenggara dan implementasi doktrin fukuda tersebut mendasari kebijakan luar negeri Jepang di Asia Tenggara pada masa Yukio Hatoyama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research. Dengan meneliti instrument- instrument yang berupa kebijakan da kerjasama luar negeri Jepang di Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan Doktrin fukuda yang merupakan dasar pemikiran politik luar negeri Jepang di Asia mendasari kebijakan dan kerjasama yang besar antara Jepang dan Asia Tenggara. Dengan besarnya ODA di Asia Tenggara yang mencapai 40% di Indonesia, 11% di Vietnam dan 12% di Filipina dengan ntotal mencapai 85% total ODA Jepang di Asia Tenggara. Dan besarnya kebutuhan Jepang terhadap sumber daya energy yang sebagian besar bersumber dar Negara-negara berkembang di kawasan Asia Tenggara seperti halnya Indonesia. Dan betapa pentingnya selat Malaka yang merupakan jalur lalu lintas energy Jepang hingga saat ini. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa doktrin fukuda mendasari kebijakan luar negeri Jepang di Asia Tenggara. Kata kunci : Docktrin Fukuda, Yukio Hatoyama
Implementasi Kebijakan Pangan Halal Indonesia: Keunggulan Kompetitif Dalam Tren Pangan Halal Di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Fithriana Arin , Kusuma Rendy Putra
Published: June 2021

Pangan bersertifikasi halal saat ini telah menjadi tren konsumen. Kesadaran ini selain didasari oleh kebutuhan syariah bagi ummat muslim, juga adanya kesadaran bahwa proses pencapaian sertifikasi halal telah melewati beberapa tahapan berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan keamanan pangan. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memfasilitasi masyarakat melalui kebijakan produk halal dan membentuk badan yang mengawasi dan mengontrol produk halal. Indonesia mersupakan negara dengan mayoritas muslim di Asia Tenggara telah memfasilitasi kelompok muslim dengan membentuk institusi yang sertifikasi halal. Beberapa negara ASEAN dengan komunitas muslim juga mengembangkan hal yang sama. Kondisi ini mendorong adanya kompetisi antar negara untuk mengembangkan produk pangan halalnya. Implementasi MEA semakin memungkinkan interaksi lebih luas dan terbuka antar negara anggota. Menggunakan konsep kompetitif advantage dengan metode kualitatif, kebijakan pangan halal Indonesia yang terangkum dalam kebijakan halal menjadi bagian kompetensi produk Indonesia ditengah tren pangan halal di Asia Tenggara.  Berbagai perubahan kebijakan yang dilakukan juga merupakan bagian dari strategi halal Indonesia dalam bersaing tetapi juga merupakan  perlindungan terhadap warga negara.Kata-kata Kunci : Kebijakan, Pangan halal, competitive advantage, Asia Tenggara
Analisis Fourth-Generation War Dalam Perang Insurgensi: Studi Kasus Pemberontakan Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Zapatista (Ezln) Di Meksiko
Authors: Elake Gunawan Lestari
Published: June 2021

Like the story of asymmetric fight between David and Goliath, Insurgency war is also the story of an asymmetrical warfare in which highly advanced military parties (usually the State Governments) are often struggling and even failing against small group of insurgents. By taking the case of the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) uprising, this paper aims to analyze why this armed rebel with poorly military equipments is able to relatively succeded in striving for its political agenda. In doing so, this paper used the concept of Fourth Generation War that emphasizes the importance of using all available networks to attacks the minds of enemy decision makers to destroy their political will. The author show that the main factor that determined EZLN’s trump is its ability to use three important networks, namely; a) Indian communities, b) national and international civil society and, c) internet and independent media networks as means in disseminating their grievances and alternatives. Keywords: insurgency, asymmetry warfare, fourth generation war, EZLN, networks
THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE - THE SEED AND THE SOIL (A CRITICAL DISCUSSION WITH AYURVEDIC AND MODERN CONCEPT)
Authors: Dwivedi Dineshchandra , Girbide Santosh
Published: June 2021

There seems to be a general idea that the germ theory of disease which plays so important a part in modern medicine is not known to Ayurveda, I propose to examine the question at a little length as great importance seems to be attached to it in certain scientific circle; my argument will be that it is not true to say that the germ theory of causation of certain diseases was not known to Ayurveda, and that what is true that it did not and does not, occupy in Ayurveda the all-important position which it does in modern medicine.
Prevention of heart diseases by Ayurveda
Authors: Girbide Santosh , Gune Pallavi
Published: June 2021

Heart disease is commonly known as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). To treat CAD modern science uses medication as well as surgical intervention like Angioplasty & CABG. But there is no any medication to prevent or rehabilitate this disease in modern science. Research proved lifestyle modification plays the definitive role in the prevention of CAD. With the help of Ayurveda, prevention and rehabilitation of Hridrog can be done by Trisutri management. (Diet, Exercise & Stress management) Index Terms- Angina Pectoris, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Diet, Exercise Hridrog, Stress management, Trisutri .
Ayurvedic Medicines (Yogas) used in Viper Bite (Mandali Sarp) Management â€“ A Review.
Authors: Girbide Santosh , Wadkar Shashikant D.
Published: June 2021

In India, it is believed that about 2 million people are bitten by snakes annually of which 15000- 30000 cases prove fatal. There are three families of venomous snakes are of importance in India. In India, the number of incidences is hare from Viper Bite (Mandali Sarp Dansh). In India, 65% people from rural area use Ayurvedic and Herbal medicines for the treatment of various venomous bites. The present paper deals with the review of various Yogas (medicines) and treatment of Viper Bite.
LA LUCHA POR LA ORIENTACIÓN DEL SENTIDO DEL DERECHO: CAJA DE HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA CRÍTICA JURÍDICA.
Authors: MELGARITO ROCHA ALMA GUADALUPE
Published: June 2021

El artículo pone sobre la mesa herramientas conceptuales para el desarrollo de la Crítica Jurídica en-tendida como una disciplina científica dedicada al análisis socio semiológico, desde una teoría del discurso que considera que el derecho es, por un lado, un lenguaje que nos hace-hacer-diciendo y, por el otro, la apariencia de las relaciones sociales de hegemonía y dominación. De este modo, haciendo pie de apoyo en una lectura anarquista de Teoría del Derecho kelseniana para la crítica de la forma del derecho, y en una lectura de la crítica de la economía política de Bolivar Echeverría, la autora propone dos modelos teóricos para el análisis sociojurídico: el del Sistema Jurídico Capitalista y el del Sistema Jurídico Transcapitalista.
RESEÑA: EL DISCURSO CRÍTICO DE MARX DE BOLÍVAR ECHEVERRÍA
Authors: Fuentes Diana
Published: June 2021

Reseña de El discurso crítico de Marx de Bolívar Echeverría
COVID-19 pandemic constricts methamphetamine supply in Perth
Authors: Voce Alexandra , Finney James
Published: June 2021

This study examines the methamphetamine market and prevalence of methamphetamine use in Perth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program indicate that 38 percent (n=55) of Perth police detainees interviewed between April and June 2020 reported recent methamphetamine use—a significantly lower rate than in January–February 2020. Detainees who used methamphetamine did so on a median of five days in the past month—significantly less often than in previous years (median=15) and in January–February 2020 (median=16). Detainees also reported a threefold increase in the price of methamphetamine (from $30 to $100 per point), and significant declines in methamphetamine availability and quality.
Advances in Deep Vein Thrombosis Management with Thrombolysis
Authors:   Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Heath Road, Ipswich, Suffolk, Cheema Ali Akhtar , Mallinson Robert H ,   Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Heath Road, Ipswich, Suffolk, Trepte Nicola
Published: June 2021

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease associated with serious short term and long term complications. Its conventional treatment has been anticoagulation. Thrombolytic treatment has been used for DVT for over 40 years. More recently catheter directed thrombolysis has taken over systemic thrombolysis. This technique is useful to prevent post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after DVT. In this review article we present a case of DVT thrombolysis in our hospital, look at the pathophysiology of PTS, the mechanism of thrombolysis and the current status of thrombolysis in DVT.
A non-cardiac cause of an abnormal ECG
Authors:   Southport & District General hospital Town Lane, Southport, Abdulhadi Mohamed , Alfitori Gamal ,   Scarborough General Hospital Woodlands Drive, Scarborough, Mennim Peter ,   Southport & District General hospital Town Lane, Southport
Published: June 2021

Abnormalities of the electrocardiogram are extremely useful for the diagnosis of heart disease, but they may also occur in non-cardiac conditions. The electrocardiographic abnormalities that have been described in neurological diseases are among the most striking deviations from normal. We describe a patient with an intracranial space occupying lesion (pilocytic astrocytoma) who exhibited electrocardiographic changes suggestive of acute coronary syndrome at the time of presentation with syncope.
An Unusual Case of Fever and Lymphadenopathy
Authors:   Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, Ho John
Published: June 2021

A 62 year old female presented to the acute medical team with headache, fevers and enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Initial biochemical, microbiological and immunological investigations were normal. However, radiological imaging revealed that her silicone breast implants had ruptured, which may have been responsible for her presentation. A brief overview of the clinical features and management of silicone breast implant rupture is provided.