bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Métodos da média periódico e não-periódico para equações diferenciais funcionais em medida com impulsos e equações dinâmicas funcionais com impulsos
Authors:   , Amorim Artur Assis
Published: November 2022

A área de equações diferenciais ocupa um papel central na matemática. De um ponto de vista teórico, é um campo que intersecta diversas outras áreas distintas e as conecta. Do ponto de vista aplicado, é uma área com inúmeras aplicações nas ciências naturais e na modelagem computacional. Devido a isso, essa área atrai muitos pesquisadores e há grande produção acadêmica nesse campo. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar certos tipos de equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e de equações dinâmicas funcionais em escalas temporais, além de métodos da média para estas equações. Para isso, estudamos a integral de Kurzweil e suas propriedades, as quais foram desenvolvidas na década de 50 para a resolução de problemas dentro da área de EDO, e as escalas temporais, que foram introduzidas em 1988, na tese de doutorado de Stefan Hilger, com o intuito de unificar as análises discreta e contínua. Usamos dessas teorias para relacionar equações diferenciais funcionais com equações dinâmicas e para provarmos resultados sobre ambas. Por fim, usamos desses resultados e relações para o estudo do método da média, o qual nos permite aproximar as soluções dessas equações por soluções de equações mais simples.
Curvas algebróides planas irredutíveis com semigrupo <6, 9, 19>
Authors:   , Okuma Michel Yukiti
Published: November 2022

Neste trabalho, baseado no artigo Classification of algebroid curves with semigroup <6, 9, 19> de autoria de Hefez e Hernandes (ver [10]), classificamos, módulo classe de equivalência formal, as curvas algebróides planas irredutíveis que possuem semigrupo de valores Γ = <6, 9, 19>.
Impactos do Sistema permanente de avaliação da educação básica do Ceará (Spaece) na educação matemática: a apropriação pedagógica dos resultados na escola estadual de ensino fundamental e médio José Tristão Filho
Authors:   , Rodrigues Renê de Aquino
Published: November 2022

O presente texto é desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF), vinculado à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O caso de gestão relaciona-se à apropriação e ao uso dos resultados das avaliações externas do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (Spaece) pela gestão escolar, professores de Matemática e áreas afins da EEFM José Tristão Filho. O trabalho justifica-se por considerarmos que o caráter diagnóstico das avaliações externas pode ser aproveitado como indício para pensar os recursos pedagógicos da escola, o desenvolvimento de propostas e metas para a superação das dificuldades, sinalizadas pelos resultados obtidos. Como objetivo geral, este trabalho pretende investigar e analisar por quais motivos a EEFM José Tristão Filho vem obtendo resultados em faixas críticas no que se refere ao Spaece em Matemática. Tomando por base tal objetivo, temos a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais estratégias podem ser adotadas na EEFM José Tristão Filho para a melhoria de seus resultados, localizados em faixas críticas, na disciplina de Matemática no Spaece? A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi de natureza qualitativa por meio de boletins com resultados do Spaece; questionários aplicados aos professores de diferentes áreas; Roda de Conversa com os professores de Matemática e Professor Coordenador de Área (PCA); entrevista semiestruturada com o gestor escolar. Com base na análise dos dados gerados durante a pesquisa, percebemos existirem lacunas na análise e discussão dos dados oriundos da avaliação em larga escala; o seu possível uso no planejamento escolar; a integração das disciplinas para a responsabilização pelos resultados da instituição escolar. A partir disso, apresentamos um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) que visa contribuir com a gestão escolar para melhorar a compreensão da equipe escolar sobre o Spaece e o possível uso pedagógico dos dados produzidos pela avaliação em larga escala.
Convergências entre a refutação socrático-platônica e o racionalismo crítico de Karl Popper
Authors:   , Silva Frederico Krepe da
Published: November 2022

Para Karl Popper, a refutação é um dos elementos centrais para a compreensão da atividade científica como distintiva das outras. Além disso, a importância desse conceito se estende para a formulação de seu racionalismo crítico. Vendo a refutação e a crítica como elementos centrais na atividade científica e da racionalidade humana, é possível compreender que Popper esteve, em certa medida, influenciado pelo espírito socrático-platônico. Com efeito, nos diálogos de sua fase de juventude, Platão apresenta Sócrates utilizando-se de um método de questionamento que muitas vezes resulta na refutação de seus interlocutores. Esse suposto método é associado ao termo grego élenkhos. Deste modo, a partir dos textos epistemológicos ou que fazem referência ao racionalismo crítico de Popper e dos diálogos platônicos de juventude, oferecemos uma tentativa indicar pontos de convergência entre os dois filósofos tendo a noção de refutação como categoria de análise central. Concluímos que uma aproximação pode ser feita entre a refutação socrático-platônica e a epistemologia de Popper e seu racionalismo crítico, especialmente a partir da imagem de um “ethos crítico” forjada pelos diálogos platônicos que apontam Sócrates como um modelo de racionalidade crítica e modéstia intelectual
O poeta em seu gabinete: a poesia de Carlos Drummond de Andrade no Ministério da Educação (1934-1945)
Authors:   , Ferreira Lucas Eduardo de Souza
Published: November 2022

A presente pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre a experiência do poeta Carlos Drummond de Andrade gestada no Ministério da Educação, entre os anos de 1934 e 1945, a partir da leitura e interpretação de sua poesia. Nesse período o poeta mineiro foi chefe de gabinete de Gustavo Capanema no Ministério da Educação, no Rio de Janeiro. Concomitantemente, o poeta publicou três livros que são fundamentais dentro de sua obra. Nomeadamente, são as obras Sentimento do mundo, de 1940; José, de 1942 e A rosa do povo, de 1945. Propomos uma leitura específica desses textos, onde o elemento histórico é fundamental. A partir da lente drummondiana, da experiência concreta desse personagem nós conseguimos compreender aspectos de processos fundamentais dessa época, como o autoritarismo brasileiro, a censura e a tortura; as guerras, sobretudo a Guerra Civil Espanhola e a Segunda Guerra Mundial; a experiência da modernidade e o modernismo; a organização e funcionamento do Ministério de Educação; as relações entre a intelectualidade e o Estado nesse contexto; o comunismo e os comunistas brasileiros, e assim por diante. O personagem e sua poesia nos informam de seu contexto, assim como seu contexto é o elemento central para a construção de sua poesia.
Micropolíticas nas mãos: deslocamentos e singularidades dos fios
Authors:   , Paula Talita Botelho de
Published: November 2022

Até onde pode chegar o crochê? Qual o efeito de seu deslocamento? Como entremear experiências ao desejo para criar uma matéria de expressão singular? Através da prática do crochê fui despertada para questionamentos dessas naturezas. O desejo de buscar a potência do crochê me fez caminhar pelas ideias de experiência, enquanto um acontecimento transformador; pelo deslocamento do crochê para o ambiente urbano como intervenções; e pelas ações e desvios que se mostram, talvez, como revoluções moleculares e me fizeram compreender a prática como uma ação micropolítica.
“Vocês estão me ensinando a ler”: reflexões sobre os sentidos atribuídos por professoras a um curso de formação de mediadores de leitura
Authors:   , Andrade Silvania de Souza
Published: November 2022

Esta dissertação, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Linguagem, Conhecimento e Formação de Professores, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, tem como base teórica e metodológica as contribuições da filosofia da linguagem de Bakhtin e os conceitos de mediação e vivência de Vigotski. Estes possibilitaram tecer um diálogo entre texto e contexto, considerando a responsabilidade de ser a voz que compreende as vivências de um grupo de professoras envolvidas em uma formação de mediadores de leitura. Esta pesquisa busca compreender de que forma as vivências ocorridas no curso de formação podem contribuir para as experiências das professoras como leitoras e mediadoras de leitura. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são professoras da rede municipal de Juiz de Fora e estudantes da graduação e da pós-graduação que participaram de um curso de formação de professores constituído a partir de uma parceria entre o Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem, Infâncias e Educação (LINFE) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e o Centro de Formação de Professores da rede municipal de Juiz de Fora. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da análise de dois questionários respondidos pelas professoras no início do curso e ao final do curso, da observação participativa e das notas de campo realizadas durante os encontros. Os dados analisados neste estudo foram agrupados em categorias de análise, as quais facilitam a compreensão do objeto de investigação. Os resultados revelam que as mediações de leituras realizadas nos encontros de formação propiciaram vivências significativas com a literatura, que contribuíram para a produção de sentidos a partir da experiência estética com o texto literário. Além disso, a formação leitora das professoras permitiu reflexão sobre a importância do professor atuar como importante ferramenta de mediação entre os alunos e o texto literário
Extremidades de Lil Miquela: a emergência do híbrido no Instagram como esfera de consumo, comunicação e agenciamento
Authors:   , Gabellini Laryssa da Costa
Published: November 2022

Ao analisar o cenário atual da comunicação tecnológica, com a popularização das plataformas digitais, propomo-nos a investigar de que forma ocorre a simbiose entre os influenciadores, os algoritmos e o espaço de trocas do Instagram, buscando perceber se há e em quais pontos podem ser observados deslocamentos na forma de consumir, tendo a interação entre esses elementos como base. Para isso, apresentamos uma leitura crítica a partir da abordagem das extremidades que apresenta fundamentações teóricas e metodológicas focadas nos vetores de desconstrução, contaminação e compartilhamento, aplicadas ao perfil da inteligência artificial, Lil Miquela (@lilmiquela). Nosso objetivo é fazer uma leitura crítica ao contexto da tecnologia, dos fluxos, da dinâmica comunicacional e do consumo, com centralidade da narrativa analisada no perfil. Fizemos o percurso crítico analítico da página da influenciadora a partir da desconstrução, da contaminação e do compartilhamento de 1.100 conteúdos publicados, disponíveis em seu perfil, buscando observar a convergência presente em linguagens, experimentos e performances entre a comunicação e o consumo. Verificou-se que estamos diante de relações híbridas que ocorrem em um ambiente cognitivo, ou seja, relacionado com o processo de aquisição de conhecimento, cognição, que envolve fatores diversos, como o pensamento, linguagem, percepção, memória, raciocínio etc., os quais fazem parte do desenvolvimento intelectual de novos hábitos e deslocamentos. Essas interações são interpeladas pelos agentes bióticos e abióticos que habitam e atravessam esse espaço e fazem com que existam conexões, linguagens hibridizadas e fluxos emergentes. O perfil em análise materializa-se para uma discussão centrada na interatividade entre plataforma e influenciadores e na expansão desse conceito de influência a partir da indexação de novas tecnologias, como algoritmos e inteligência artificial, o que resulta em espaços de performances contaminadas, sendo passível de observação também o desenvolvimento de competências comunicativas.
Avaliação da ação quimiopreventiva de formulação nanoestruturada contendo quercetina contra efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos
Authors:   , Santos Milena Maciel
Published: November 2022

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Zoneamento da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraibuna (MG) para fins agropecuários sustentável
Authors:   , Souza Lucas do Vale
Published: November 2022

A sustentabilidade é uma questão que vem sendo tratada há muito tempo, entretanto, nas últimas décadas, as principais questões ambientais tornaram-se o foco de inúmeras discussões internacionais, dado o enorme impacto do modo de vida humano na natureza, particularmente devido às dimensões econômicas e sociais. Atualmente, no Brasil, as mudanças no uso da terra são o grande gargalo para as questões ambientais. No ano de 2020, a divisão desses usos no país era a seguinte: a agropecuária tinha 30,9% de todo o Brasil, sendo essa porcentagem, por sua vez, dividida em: agricultura (21%), mosaico (17%), silvicultura (3%) e pastagem (59%). A área urbana ocupa 0,7%; corpo d’água, 2,2 %; formação natural, 6,6 %, sendo essa subdividida entre formação campestre, com 84%, e outros, com 16%. As florestas ocupavam 59,6 % da área e, desse percentual, a formação florestal correspondia a 78%; a formação savânica, a 22%, e outros, a <1% (MapBiomas, 2020). Visto isso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar o zoneamento ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraibuna (BHRP) para fins agrícolas de forma sustentável. A metodologia usada partiu da criação de uma base cartográfica com o uso de geotecnologias para subsídio ao zoneamento. Inicialmente, geraramse cartas-base para o mapa de fragilidade: pedologia, declividade e uso e ocupação da terra; na segunda etapa, confeccionaram-se mapas das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Áreas de Uso Restrito (AUR). Finalmente, foram estabelecidas a Zona de Restrições Legais, Zona Produtiva Rural, Zona Urbana e Zona de Incongruência visando criar um mapa síntese para zoneamento ambiental para fins agrícolas. Como resultado, foi estabelecida uma espacialização concreta do mapa de uso e ocupação da terra, para que se possa entender as mudanças do uso atualmente; o mapa de fragilidade indicou os locais com maior sensibilidade, principalmente em regiões onde o conflito com as APP existem, orientando para a recuperação dessas áreas. O mapa-síntese das zonas indicou áreas onde a expansão agrícola pode ter um avanço sustentável, além das AUR, como regiões onde o avanço agrícola pode ser explorado com manejos conservacionistas.
A influência de cânions urbanos no conforto térmico: uma abordagem cronomorfológica
Authors:   , Lemos Daniel
Published: November 2022

Com as mudanças climáticas e a tendência de intensificação da urbanização nas cidades de hoje em dia, novas pesquisas sobre o conforto nas áreas urbanas vêm ganhando crescente atenção, especialmente as que usam de ferramentas computacionais para avaliar a qualidade ambiental em diversas escalas. Os processos de urbanização geralmente ocasionam a criação de ilhas de calor urbanas e a morfologia urbana é um dos fatores que mais impacta a percepção térmica dos usuários ao limitar ou permitir a incidência solar e ventos locais, interferindo no conforto térmico percebido pelas pessoas. Assim, por meio de abordagens paramétricas, o presente trabalho visa analisar como mudanças na morfologia urbana impactaram as condições térmicas de um cânion urbano da área central de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As análises, que compararam três momentos diferentes da história (1940, 1980 e 2020) e um cenário hipotético, foram realizadas com o software Ladybug Suite Tools / Grasshopper para o software Rhinoceros; e foram baseados no Índice de Clima Térmico Universal (UTCI). Os mapas gerados indicam as mudanças no conforto térmico local durante seu desenvolvimento histórico. Os resultados demonstraram que, conforme a morfologia urbana se adensou e se verticalizou com o tempo, mais espaços sombreados foram criados durante períodos quentes do dia, que registraram uma redução de até 7°C do UTCI. Já no período noturno, o fenômeno se inverteu, pois as fachadas dos edifícios liberam o calor armazenado no decorrer do dia, e assim, foi registrada a diferença de até 1°C em áreas próximas aos edifícios do cânion em comparação com áreas abertas. Portanto, isso demonstra que o processo de urbanização que ocorreu com o passar dos anos, afetou fortemente as condições térmicas do cânion ao nível do pedestre
Correlation Analysis Between Pain Intensity, Functional Disability and Range of Motion Using Low-Level Laser Therapy in Patients With Discogenic Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Ishaq , Mohseni Bandpei Mohammad Ali , Gilani Seyed Amir , Ahmad Ashfaq , Zaidi Faryal
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Low-level laser is a pain-free and non-invasive treatment modality. It is used in many acute and chronic painful conditions. This study aimed to determine the correlation between pain intensity, functional disability, and range of motion using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with discogenic lumbar radiculopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of a randomized controlled trial of LLLT to treat patients with discogenic lumbar radiculopathy in physical therapy departments of three different hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan, from August 2021 to September 2021. The study was conducted according to STROBE guidelines. Fifty-Five patients from the experimental group of the trial were invited to participate in this study. The outcomes of the treatment were recorded on a semi-structured questionnaire on the first day and last day of their treatment from each patient’s pain intensity, functional disability, and Lumbar range of motion (L-ROM) (flexion and extension) by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional disability, and dual inclinometer for L-ROM. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 26.0. Results: The results of the correlation coefficient/Pearson’s correlation of VAS, ODI, and dual inclinometer were varied. The strength of correlation between variables was weak to moderate (r=0.033 to 0.425) with statistically insignificant correlation coefficient (P > 0.05, 95% CI) except for lumbar flexion (P<0.05, 95% CI). Conclusion: For acute low back pain (LBP) with discogenic lumbar radiculopathy, LLLT at a wavelength of 830-nm and a dose of 3J/point in conjunction with conventional physical therapy had no significant correlation, but rather weak to moderate values with pain intensity, functional disability, and L-ROM.
The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Stability of Orthodontic Mini-implants in Human and Animal Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Razaghi Parnian , Moradi Haghgou Janet , Khazaei Salman , Farhadian Nasrin , Fekrazad Reza , Gholami Leila
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The present study aimed to systematically explore available literature on the possible impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the stability and success of orthodontic mini-implants. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases for human and animal studies published until July 2021. Two independent researchers reviewed the studies based on specific eligibility criteria. Results: 15 studies were included in the systematic review after a comprehensive search. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Four were human RCT studies that evaluated the stability with Preriotest. Three other human RCT studies and two animal studies had evaluated the Implant stability quotient (ISQ). Two human RCTs that had evaluated displacement of mini-implants were also analyzed. The analysis of Periotest stability results showed a positive effect of PBM on mini-implant stability at 30 and 60 days after implantation (P<0.05). In human studies using the ISQ method, a slight improvement was seen in the PBM groups; however, this was not statistically significant (CI=-1.92-2.70, SMD=0.39). In studies that examined the displacement of mini-implants, no statistically significant difference was observed between irradiated and non-irradiated groups (CI=-1.92-2.70, SMD=0.03). According to the results of animal studies, which had used the ISQ method, the use of laser was statistically effective in increasing the stability of mini-implants (SMD=1.43, CI=1.00–1.85). Conclusion: PBM therapy can be suggested as an adjunctive clinical method to improve the stability of mini-implant treatment. Further well-designed clinical studies can help establish evidence-based dosing and irradiation protocols.
Photobiomodulation Therapy and Cell Therapy Improved Parkinson’s Diseases by Neuro-regeneration and Tremor Inhibition
Authors: Ahrabi Behnaz , Tabatabaei Mirakabad Fatemeh Sadat , Niknazar Somayeh , Payvandi Ali Asghar , Ahmady Roozbahany Navid , Ahrabi Mahnaz , Torkamani Shaysteh Dordshaikh , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive and severe neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The most prominent features of this disease are cell reduction in the substantia nigra and accumulation of α-synuclein, especially in the brainstem, spinal cord, and cortical areas. In addition to drug-based treatment, other therapies such as surgery, cell therapy, and laser therapy can be considered. In this study, articles on cell therapy and laser therapy for PD have been collected to evaluate the improvement of motor function, cell differentiation, and dopaminergic cell proliferation. Methods: Articles were collected from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2010 to 2022. The keywords were "photobiomodulation", "low-level light therapy", "Low-level laser therapy", "near-infrared light", "Parkinson’s disease", "Parkinsonism", and "stem cell therapy". About 100 related articles were included in the study. Results: The results of the studies showed that cell therapy and laser therapy are useful in the treatment of PD, and despite their limitations, they can be useful in improving PD. Conclusion: Concomitant use of cell therapy and photobiomodulation therapy can improve the symptoms of PD.
Therapeutic Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis by Regulating the Inflammatory Process and Controlling Immune Cell Activity: A Novel Promising Treatment Target
Authors: Vafaei-Nezhad Saeed , Niknazar Somayeh , Payvandi Ali Asghar , Shirazi Tehrani Atefeh , Ahmady Roozbahany Navid , Ahrabi Behnaz , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah , Darabi Shahram
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune and chronic diseases of the central nervous system; this disease occurs more frequently in young people and women and leads to neurological symptoms. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and oligodendrocyte dysfunction have a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Nowadays it is reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) as a non-invasive treatment has neuroprotective potential, but the exact mechanisms are not understood. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the effects of PBM on MS. In this regard, we used the keywords "Photobiomodulation", "Laser therapy", and "Low-level laser therapy" on MS to find related studies on this subject in PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, Medline, and Scopus databases. Results: PBM has positive effects on MS by regulating the inflammatory process, controlling immune cell activity and mitochondrial functions, as well as inhibiting free radicals production which finally leads to a reduction in neurological defects and an improvement in the functional status of patients. Conclusion: Overall, researchers have suggested the use of laser therapy in neurodegenerative diseases due to its numerous therapeutic effects.
A Comparison of Sangam Society and Postmodern Society
Authors: S Martin Raja , M Rajasekaran
Published: November 2022

The Sangam age society is an ethnic society based on the divisions of five thinai lands and a society that accommodates pluralistic ideas. In this context, postmodernism, which originated in western art and literature, is seen in the Tamil context as a thought to bring out the state of society after the nineties. On this basis, the definitions of the society of the Sangam age and the definitions of postmodern society are taken up. The comparison of these two societies also provides a comparatively critical explanation. Love has been transformed from being the basis of marriage to today's casteist background. The man-leader and his friend's guidance have been the cure for the malady of the Marutham woman. But the lovesickness of a woman who is in love today is cured by her old age. In this article, the situation where women are fighting for their livelihood in adulthood like Ovvai, admired by Athiyaman, and the situation where education has been liberalized, privatized, and commercialized by globalization in a society where the importance of education has been emphasized, has been explained in a way that compares the society during the Sangam period and the post-modern society.
Principles of Vaishnavism in Sangam Literature
Authors: P Natchathiravani
Published: November 2022

The Sangam literature is divided into two types: song and sum. From the Sangam literature to the epic period, there are references to Thirumal. There are also pieces of information about Krishna, Balarama, and Rama, the incarnations of Tirumal. In this article, the knowledge of the worship of Thirumal is found within the Sangam literature. The glory of Thirumal and the reference messages of Thirumal are described in detail in the Tolkappiyam, the grammar book of Tolkappiyar, and in the Sangam texts Akananuru and Purananooru. It is known that the Pandya kings of the Sangam age of Tamil Nadu developed Tamil from south Madurai, Kapadapuram, and Madurai through the three-sangams. It is said that South Madurai and Kapadapuram were destroyed by the sea, and the Kadai Sangam was established in present-day Madurai. It is evident that it operated from the 1st century to the 3rd century, and the Pandya kings developed Tamil through this society. The books of the Kadai Sangam are called songs and thokai.
Oneness, Seven Worlds, Transmigration, - Interpretations by Commentators and Present-Day Approaches Based on the Source
Authors: M.S Ezhilarasi
Published: November 2022

Thirukkural, which is hailed as a World of Hymn, begins with the blessing of God. So, the book composed on the basis of God's doctrine is Thirukkural. In Thirukkural, when the commentators give explanations for such words as fate, seven worlds, and birth, it is consistent with the principles of religions that do not believe in God. Although many texts have been written for Thirukkural, all but a few have been written largely in imitation of earlier texts. Only a few commentators have looked at the source correctly and have deeply grasped Thiruvalluvar's mind and expressed it in their speeches. An attempt has been made in this research paper to analyze such texts and search for the correct meaning of the words Ezhumai and Ezhrupirappu mentioned by Thiruvalluvar. What is the correct meaning of rebirth? Does that mean seven births? Just as the correct meaning of the words ``unity'' and ``ezhumai'' is asked directly to Thiruvalluvar himself, it has been examined within the Thirukkural book itself by comparing the meaning of one kural with another. A few inconsistencies in the texts have been pointed out by heavily examining only the source. Though it is the text of the best interpreter who has studied and interpreted Thirukkural as if it pierced the atom, the places which appear to be descriptive in relation to knowledge and science have been explored with the aim of finding clarity. This article is examined in the footsteps of the study that was done from the point of view of innovation and thought in the way shown by Thiruvalluvar with the aim of seeing reality.
Principles of Morality Through Paripaadal
Authors: K Shanthi
Published: November 2022

Many scholars hail Tamil as the language of devotion. There is more moral literature in Tamil than in other languages. The literature in the Tamil language has the power to inculcate morality in mankind and thereby inculcate morality. The sixth knowledge of the people is the result of morality. This sixth sense is the difference between people and animals. A man lives by defining what things should be done and how to do them. Literature conveys this way of life to the human mind. Those who are virtuous are the highest. For a disciplined person, all the places they go to are special. Literature helps us to prevent the mind, language, and truth from going down the evil way and keep them in righteousness. It is a proverb that moral order governs the town. The country does not fail to appreciate those who have walked according to discipline. Righteousness is better. That's what will win. The absolute form is a set of moral systems that man has defined for himself. It is righteousness to cut off the evil deeds that bring about man's birth. When this is followed, it blossoms into a quality of morality and becomes respected as a way of life.
Food Theory in Sirupanaatruppatai
Authors: P Abirami
Published: November 2022

The article entitled "Food Theory in Sirupanaatruppatai" is taken from the book Pathuppattu of the Pathinenmelkanakku, which was written in the Sangam period. The manner in which the Tamils gave food to those coming home is explained. It is known about the condition of Sirupanan before he saw Nalliyakodan, the layout of the lands on his way, and the food provided to them by the people living there. Also, natural resources can be seen existing in those days. The manner in which the kings fed the servants is also depicted. Common people also enjoyed helping others in whatever way they could. People entertained the Panars who came on foot and the people who came along with them. They removed their tiredness and fed them. Mullai, Marutham, and It can be seen that a small troop of Panars passed through the inhabited areas in the Mullai, Marutham, and Neithal lands and were treated with love and kindness by all. Three land systems out of five types of land and the lifestyles of the people living in them can also be seen in this article. The life of the Panars is also explained, the generosity of the kings and their participation in the war the valour of the kings, and the manner in which they distributed the goods they received are described. The best culture of Tamils who live for others and not for themselves is explained.
Parable and Metaphor in Thiruvasagam
Authors: M Praburam
Published: November 2022

The Tamil language has a long literary history, grammatical richness, and cultural richness. The Tamil language is considered to be the oldest language in the world with grammar books like Tolkappiyam, Nannool, Agam, Puram and Moral literature books like Patinenmelkanakku, Patinenkilkanakku, and devotional literature books like Panniru Thirumaraikal and Nalayiram Thiruppadalkal. The twelve Saiva Thirumaraikal are prominent in the devotional literature of the Tamil language. Out of these Panniru Thirumaraikal, the eighth Thirumarai is composed of Thiruvasagam and Thirukkovaiyar, sung by Vadhavooradikal, and praised by the classical Tamil world. This article examines some of the parables and metaphors that are dealt with by Manickavasagar in Thiruvasagam.
The Nature of the Four Lands in Kar Narpathu
Authors: R Jenovae
Published: November 2022

It is called natural because it appears and disappears naturally without being created by any object. Everything created by God, from man to living and non-living things, is a part of nature. For a man to live in this world in a good way, the environment around him takes precedence. There is no literature in the world that does not focus on that environment with nature. From the poets of the Sangam age to the poets of the present day, they have adorned nature according to their own accord. Since the man had set up his way of life with nature on that day, they lived happily and without the disease. Today, because of the arrangement of culture, customs, food, clothing, and shelter in accordance with the modern world, it is clear that life is also in a state of rapid decay in accordance with the modern world. Thus, focusing on the natural events of autumn and the cultural messages of that period, the awaiting of the woman for the arrival of the departed man is compared to the scenery of the four lands. Tolkappiyar has prescribed God for only four Thinais. God was not defined for the Palai Thinai (deserted land). Generally, since the desert is a dry area and it is rare for people to see nature and live there, he prioritized only four lands instead of the Palai desert. In that way, the article explores the nature of the four lands in Kar Narpathu’s songs.
Negative Family-Related Life Events in Adolescents, Risk of Depression and Family Support
Authors: Дашиева Б.А. , Куприянова И.Е. , Карауш И.С.
Published: November 2022

Введение. Высокая распространенность депрессивных состояний в подростковом и юношеском возрасте, приводящих к нарушениям социального функционирования, определяет необходимость исследований, направленных на изучение факторов риска их развития. В данной статье рассмотрен вклад жизненных событий, связанных с семьей, в развитие аффективной симптоматики у подростков. Методы. Обследованы 507 учащихся городских (n=395) и сельских общеобразовательных школ (n=112), из них 241 – мальчики, 266 – девочки. Использованы клинический, психологический, статистический методы. Применены шкала депрессии М. Ковак для детей и подростков 7–17 лет (Children`s Depression Inventory), шкала жизненных событий для подростков (Adolescent Mental Life Events Scale, ASLEC), опросник субъективного благополучия (Тюлюпо С.В., Дашиева Б.А.). Результаты. Негативные жизненные события, связанные с семейным функционированием, определяются у 45,6% подростков и имеют высокую субъективную значимость у 23,9%. Выявлена взаимосвязь риска развития депрессии у подростков с переживанием связанных с семейным функционированием негативных событий, таких как конфликты, критика со стороны родителей, физические наказания. Предложена программа психологического сопровождения, направленная на оптимизацию актуального эмоционального состояния, снижение риска развития депрессивных симптомов и профилактику возникновения неблагоприятных для здоровья последствий. В динамике выявлено снижение показателей эмоционального неблагополучия и риска депрессии.

Introduction. In this article, the contribution of family-related life events in the development of affective symptomatology in adolescents is examined. Methods. A total of 507 students of urban (n=395) and rural secondary schools (n=112) were examined, including 241 boys and 266 girls. Clinical, psychological and statistical methods were used. The M. Kovak Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents 7–17 years old (Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI)), the Scale of Life Events for Adolescents (Adolescent Mental Life Events Scale, ASLEC), the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (Tyulyupo S.V., Dashieva B.A.) were applied. Results. Negative life events related to family functioning are revealed in 45.6% with high subjective significance in 23.9% of adolescents. The interrelation of the risk of depression in adolescents with the experience of negative events related to family functioning, such as conflicts, criticism from parents and physical punishment was revealed. A program of psychological support is proposed, aimed at optimizing the current emotional state, reducing the risk of developing depressive symptoms and preventing the occurrence of adverse health consequences. The dynamics revealed a decrease in indicators of emotional distress and the risk of depression.
Respons Investor Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerbitan Sukuk
Authors: Su'ud Wahedi  , Zainol Hasan  , Musyaffa Rafiqie
Published: November 2022

This research aims to analyze the difference of investors' reaction between before and after the announcement of sukuk or syariah bond by some enterprises which listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Based on the observation, there are 34 enterprises which announce sukuk emission, but only 14 enterprises which are decided to become samples in this research. Data of stock price is collected from website of Indonesian Stock Exchange then analyzed by paired sample t-test technique. The result indicates that there is no difference of investors' respond between before and after issuing sukuk. Based on the result, it can be understood that investors do not consider the sukuk emission as crucial issue, so they do not take decision to buy or sell shares in hurry that cause abnormal gain or loss. Suggestion for next research is to expand samples in order to get more robust result.
Defence expenditure and public debt in Greece: A non-linear relationship
Authors: Bardakas Ioanna , Doulos Dimitris , Zombanakis George
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to consider and evaluate the widely–used argument attributing the growth of the public debt of Greece in recent decades to the country’s defence expenditure. We employ a two-equation model that focuses on the determinants of the military debt and how this has affected the public debt. The source of our military debt data is the Hellenic General Accounting Office, an option taken to cope with confidentiality issues. Finally, we insist on focusing on the expenditure on defence equipment imports rather than the total defence spending that the literature mostly covers, for reasons extensively analysed. Our methodology firstly assumes a linear relationship between military debt and public debt. We solve the system using 3SLS to obtain consistent and efficient estimates to derive interesting policy implications. The employment of a non-linear quadratic form not previously adopted proves to be superior in terms of performance and reveals the complexity of the above relationship. These point to the conclusion that the defence equipment purchases made since the beginning of the eighties have not had a decisive impact on the public debt of Greece. The defence equipment purchases made since the beginning of the eighties represent a very low percentage of the total public debt of Greece. Moreover, these are considered to be an investment activity rather than consumer spending, which has been acknowledged in the literature as the primary cause of Greece’s high indebtedness and the ensuing economic crisis.
SEMIOTIC INTERPRETATION OF “IMPERFECT : KARIR,CINTA DAN TIMBANGAN” FILM BY USING ROLAND BARTHES THEORY
Authors: Manullang Elisa Betty , Angelica Yosephin
Published: November 2022

This study about the semiotic interpretation of Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan” film with Roland Barthes Theory. This study aims to (a) find out the signs that found in “Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan” film and (b) describe how the signs interpreted in “Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan” film. This reasearch uses descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from words and phrases which are collected from ‘Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan’ film script. The results shows that there were 15 signs found in Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan film. Timbangan (balance) as the most frequent signs was about 8 data such as: stranded whale; stairs vibration; power head waste; eating tissue; broccoli hair; remember your thigh; you are so fat ya, but it’s OK it’s fresh; and both of you are so different, even you are sisterhood, followed by Cinta (love) with 4 data namely: moles; stretch mark, reduce the rice; and use sunblock, and 3 data for Karir (career) such as pregnant; round face; and she is so old school. The signs includes in Karir (career) when it relates to the development, growth, and progress of someone’s job/profession. The signs that associate to Cinta (love) connects to the deepest someone’s emotional and interpersonal affection. The signs Timbangan (balance) that have a correlation with someone’s weight and physical condition or appearance. Timbangan (balance) were realized by the utterance that refers to physical condition and closely to mock. Cinta (love) associate to the word, gesture, or utterances that express a love or deepest personal affection. Karir (career) was described by a simple word to mock that closely sounds sarcastic and exaggerating. Keywords: Semiotic, Film, Imperfect: Karir, Cinta dan Timbangan
USING VIDEO ON YOUTUBE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ GRAMMAR ABILITY
Authors: Citra Dewi Resti , supriadi Supriadi , Hardini Fitria
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of technology has had an impact on the field of education. In this case, an educator must be able to be more creative and innovative to build and stimulate students' interest to learn in the classroom while teaching learning process. One of the positive things from the impact of technological developments to support the teaching and learning process is the use of technology-based learning media such as making interesting videos and uploading them to YouTube. YouTube videos can be repeated and can be accessed anywhere if the device and internet network support. YouTube videos were used in this study as a learning media to improve students’ grammar ability. The sudents in this study are the first semester majoring accounting at Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Indonesia. The total number of students in this Classroom Action Research (CAR) is 30 students. After taking two cycles of action, it can be concluded that the use of videos that are made as attractive as possible and uploaded to YouTube as a learning media to improve students' grammar ability is effective in the teaching and learning process, besides that YouTube is also universal, can be viewed repeatedly, and can enhance the creativity of an educator.
亚院第四学期学生使用汉语形容词 “热情”与“热心”的能力考察 KEMAMPUAN PENGGUNAAN KATA SIFAT “REQING” DAN “REXIN” PADA MAHASISWA STBA-PIA SEMESTER IV T.A 2020/2021
Authors: Anwar Sinar , Liangga Agnesya
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of Semester IV STBA-PIA Medan students in using the adjective rexin and reqing. To achieve this goal, the researcher used a quantitative descriptive research design where the population was 113 students, and the sample was taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique to 23 students in the Fourth semester of STBA-PIA Medan T.A. 2020/2021 as the sample of this research. The instrument and data collection technique used is to give test questions to the sample. The validity of this study uses content validity, and the calculation of the test questions for each word is 10 questions using the KR-20 Formula. The reliability value of the reqing adjective test instrument is high, it is 0.612 and the reliability value of the rexin adjective test instrument is also high, it is 0.638. Analysis of students' ability test results in using reqing adjectives shows that from the range of values the highest score obtained is 100 and the lowest score is 50, the mode and median values are 70, the standard deviation value is 15 and the average value is 71.74 which is included in the sufficient competent category. While the results of the student's ability to use the adjective rexin show that from the range of values the highest score obtained is 100 and the lowest score is 40, the mode and median values are 70, the standard deviation value is 14 and the average score is 72.61 which is included in the in the fairly competent category. Key Words: Usability, Adjective, Rexin, Reqing
The problem of the bank's business processes digitalization
Authors: Lukyanova N. Yu. , Oganisian I. V. , Shcherbinina L. Yu.
Published: November 2022

In the current conditions of fierce competition for the customer, the digital transformation of bank business processes has become a necessity. The article represents the results of competitive marketing analysis of the regional banking sector, as well as internal analysis of the regional office of VTB Bank in Kaliningrad. The analysis shows the current business process structures and reveals the potential for digitalization of individual business processes of the bank. The article proposes an approach to reorganize the business process of opening a current account for corporate clients. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the way the business process is organized, the problems identified, expert assessments of its effectiveness conducted, as well as benchmarking. During the analysis, a field study was conducted, timing of the business process of opening a current account was done, as well as several proposals for the digitalization of one of its stages were made. A framework for the digital transformation of the organization business process was developed. The implementation of proposals for the digitalization of the business process of opening a current account will reduce time cost, optimize the work of the office staff, and will create additional profits. The proposed solution has been submitted to the management of the regional branch of the bank and sent for implementation to the IT-department at the head office of VTB Bank in Moscow.
Range Extension of Gauromydas mystaceus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Mydidae) for the Maranhão State, Brazil and Cerrado Biome
Authors: Mugnai Riccardo , Rubim Karen Nielly Machado , Silva Juliana Rodrigues da , Silva Lourizan Alves , Silva Claudio Gonçalves da
Published: November 2022

The present study expands the distribution of Gauromydas mystaceus (Wiedemann, 1830) for the Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil in Cerrado biome. Previously, this species was only recorded in Brazil (Pará), French Guyana, Guyana and Surinam on Tropical Forest biome.
Klasifikasi serangan Malware terhadap Lalu Lintas Jaringan Internet of Things menggunakan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN)
Authors: Ari Sandriana  , Rianto  , Firmansyah Maulana
Published: November 2022

Penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) dapat membuat semuanya terhubung ke internet tetapi sistem IoT dapat menjadi sasaran yang sangat mudah untuk disusupi penyerang dengan menggunakan malware, lebih dari 1,6 miliar atau tepatnya 1.637.973.022 anomali traffic atau serangan siber (cyberattack) yang terjadi diseluruh wilayah Indonesia sepanjang tahun 2021, teknik machine learning dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pengklasifikasian anomali traffic dengan menggunakan algoritma k-nearest neighbour (KNN) sehingga dapat membedakan data traffic yang bersifat benign atau malicious. Data anomali traffic yang digunakan adalah dataset aposemat IoT-23, didalam dataset tersebut terdapat 23 dataset, lalu terbagi kedalam 20 dataset scenario malicious dan 3 dataset scenario benign. Namun dataset yang digunakan adalah 20 dataset scenario malicious. 20 dataset tersebut selanjutnya dilakukan data preprocessing supaya dapat digunakan untuk proses training model atau pengklasifikasian. Nilai akurasi yang didapatkan setelah proses training model sebesar 0.94 atau 94%, model yang sudah dilakukan training model dapat memprediksi traffic data baru kedalam benign atau malicious, data baru yang sudah disiapkan adalah sebanyak 25 data baru. Prediksi 25 data baru tersebut menghasilkan 20 data diprediksi benar atau sesuai dan 5 data diprediksi salah atau tidak sesuai, 5 data tersebut terbagi menjadi 3 data yang harusnya diprediksi benign dan 2 data yang harusnya diprediksi malicious.