bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus formation and relative stimulus perception in quality-sensitive, interdependent agent systems
Authors: March-Pons David , Ferrero Ezequiel E. , Miguel M. Carmen
Published: November 2024

We perform a comprehensive analysis of a collective decision-making model inspired by honeybee behavior. This model integrates individual exploration for option discovery and social interactions for information sharing, while also considering option qualities. Our assessment of the decision process outcome employs standard consensus metrics and investigates its correlation with convergence time, revealing common trade-offs between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, we show the model's compliance with Weber's law of relative stimulus perception, aligning with previous analysis of collective decision problems. Our study also identifies nonequilibrium critical behavior in specific limits of the model, where the highest values of consensus are achieved. This result highlights the intriguing relationship between optimal performance, critically, and the fluctuations caused by finite-size effects, often seen in biological systems. Our findings are especially relevant for finite adaptive systems, as they provide insights into navigating decision-making scenarios with similar options more effectively.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Computational generation of tailored radionuclide libraries for alpha-particle and gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors: Jang Jaewoong
Published: November 2024

Radionuclide identification is a radioanalytical method employed in various scientific disciplines that utilize alpha-particle or gamma-ray spectrometric assays, ranging from astrophysics to nuclear medicine. Radionuclide libraries in conventional radionuclide identification systems are crafted in a manual fashion, accompanying labor-intensive and error-prone user tasks and hindering library customization. This research presents a computational algorithm and the architecture of its dedicated software that can automatically generate tailored radionuclide libraries. Progenitor-progeny recurrence relations were modeled to enable recursive computation of radionuclide subsets. This theoretical concept was incorporated into open-source software called and validated against four actinide decay series and 12 radioactive substances, including a uranium-glazed legacy Fiestaware, natural uranium and thorium sources, a Ra226 sample, and the medical radionuclides Ac225, Lu177, and Tc99m. The developed algorithm yielded radionuclide libraries for all the tested specimens within minutes, demonstrating its efficiency and applicability across diverse scenarios. The proposed approach introduces a framework for computerized radionuclide library generation, thereby trivializing library-driven radionuclide identification and facilitating the spectral recognition of unregistered radionuclides in radiation spectrometry.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum droplets with magnetic vortices in spinor dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Li Shaoxiong , Saito Hiroki
Published: November 2024

Motivated by the recent experimental realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of europium atoms, we investigate the self-bound droplet state for a dipolar BEC with spin degrees of freedom. Under a sufficiently weak magnetic field, the droplet has a torus shape with circulating spin vectors, which is referred to as a magnetic vortex. The ground state transforms from a torus to a cigar shape through bistability with increasing magnetic field. Dynamical change of the magnetic field causes the torus to rotate due to the Einstein–de Haas effect. The magnetic vortices form a supersolid in a confined system.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Towards Early Fault Tolerance on a
2×N
Array of Qubits Equipped with Shuttling
Authors: Siegel Adam , Strikis Armands , Fogarty Michael
Published: November 2024

It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. However in the near future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower-dimensional structures. In this paper, we show that such constrained architectures can also support fault tolerance; specifically we explore a 2×N array of qubits where the interactions between non-neighboring qubits are enabled by shuttling the logical information along the rows of the array. Despite the apparent constraints of this setup, we demonstrate that error correction is possible and identify the classes of codes that are naturally suited to this platform. Focusing on silicon spin qubits as a practical example of qubits believed to meet our requirements, we provide a protocol for achieving full universal quantum computation with the surface code, while also addressing the additional constraints that are specific to a silicon spin-qubit device. Through numerical simulations, we evaluate the performance of this architecture using a realistic noise model, demonstrating that both surface code and more complex quantum low-density parity-check codes efficiently suppress gate and shuttling noise to a level that allows for the execution of quantum algorithms within the classically intractable regime. This work thus brings us one step closer to the execution of quantum algorithms that outperform classical machines.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A novel layered structure of the heterometallic oxalate compound [NH2(CH3)2]2[NaFe(C2O4)3]·0.33NH(CH3)2·0.33H2O: synthesis, crystal structure and thermal decomposition
Authors: Kherfi Hamza , Benhacine Mohamed Al Amine , Hamadene Malika
Published: November 2024

The synthesis, single-crystal X-ray structure determination and thermal analysis are reported for a novel heteronuclear oxalate compound synthesized from a mixture of Fe and Na salts, oxalic acid and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in aqueous solution. The new metallooxalate compound was obtained and identified as a dimethylammonium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III), namely, poly[[bis(dimethylammonium) [tri-μ-oxalato-sodium(I)iron(III)]]–dimethylamine–water (3/1/1)], [NH2(CH3)2]2[NaFe(C2O4)3]·0.33NH(CH3)2·0.33H2O, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group C2221. In this novel structure, each Fe atom is hexacoordinated by three non-equivalent bidentate oxalate ligands, while the four Na atoms adopt different coordination numbers, i.e. 6, 7 and 8. The structure consists of bimetallic anionic A layers, {[NaFe(C2O4)3]2−}
n
, displaying a layered structure with infinitely linked Fe2Na2 tetramers on the ab plane. Two kinds of bimetallic parallel layers (A1 and A2) are present alternately and are found to be staggered, while only the A2 layer is crossed by a twofold axis parallel to the a axis through two Na atoms. The [NH2(CH3)2]+ (HDMA) cations occupy the voids between the anionic layers, while the free molecules, i.e. NH(CH3)2 (DMA) and H2O, are located between two different anionic layers. In addition to ionic bonds, the stability of the structure is ensured by hydrogen-bond interactions involving the oxalate ligands and the nitrogenous and water molecules. The layered structure appears to be different in the family of oxalate-bridged NaI–FeIII compounds. It is in agreement with the predicted 2D or layered structure of bimetallic complexes containing anionic tris(oxalato)metallate(III) with the [XR
4]+ counter-ion template (X = N, P or S, and R = alkyl group or H). The thermal decomposition of the compound shows the final residual product to be NaFeO2.
The influence of product availability and social media on green food product purchase intention
Authors: Sharma Latika , Trivedi Mridul , Bagdi Himanshu , Bulsara Hemantkumar P.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The present research investigates the role of product availability, environmental concern, and social media concerning the intention to purchase green food products by utilising the extended theory of planned behaviour framework in a developing economy.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-administered questionnaire collected information from 412 adults and educated consumers from Vadodara city in India. The questionnaire items were used to collect data from previous studies and further validated using confirmatory factor analysis. The data were further analysed using partial least square-structural equation modelling.

Findings

The study findings indicated that attitude and perceived behavioural control impact the purchase intention regarding green food products, while subjective norms were found not supportive. At the same time, product availability influences perceived behavioural control and increases the volitional control amongst consumers. Moreover, social media positively impacts the theory of planned behaviour’s key constructs.

Research limitations/implications

The outcomes of the present study provide marketing managers with enhanced insight into the relationship between consumers' perception and green food product consumption in the context of social media influence. The findings could help green food producers evaluate the extent of consumers' intentions to buy their products in developing countries.

Originality/value

To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, the present research is amongst the pioneers in India that focuses on the variables of the theory of planned behaviour, which led to knowing the role of green food availability and social media influence in green food products. At the same time, the focus on purchase intention concerning green food products adds to the study’s uniqueness.
Exploring the motives of healthy eating choices: a netnographic study
Authors: Muhammad Asif , Ayyub Samia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

There is a growing demand for healthy food across multicultural societies, and there are few exploratory studies that examined the motivations behind healthy eating. The purpose of this study is to explore the motives and understand the perceptions of healthy eating and how the online community conceptualizes their healthy eating.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from the online community, such as posts and comments on YouTube channels, Facebook, Twitter and blogs using the hashtags (#healthyeating, #healthylifestyle, #foodforyourhealth, #culinarymedicine, #functionalfood and #nutrition). Content related to healthy eating was transcribed manually. Consumer motives regarding healthy food choices were explored using qualitative data analysis software using thematic analysis and applying Kozinet’s steps for data analysis. By examining communication on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and blogs, this online study will help us to understand the motives behind healthy food choices.

Findings

Respondents appeared to rate food goods’ healthiness on a spectrum. Healthy eating can be conceptualized at both the concrete and abstract representation levels. The themes that emerged through thematic analysis were healthy lifestyles, culinary medicine and the perceived benefits of food.

Practical implications

This study will guide policymakers and marketers of food products on how to develop strategies while making food products for multicultural societies. Social networking platforms are used to disseminate information on healthy eating to the online community.

Originality/value

The results that were found express the need for healthy food as well as health-related problems and diseases, and they reflect subjects of interest. Social networking sites give healthcare professionals a forum to interact with and educate the online community about nutrition and health. A health care provider can actively participate in online discussion to establish rapport, respond to questions and serve as a reliable source of factual information.
Can regional polycentric spatial structure narrow the urban–rural income gap? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Qiuyang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Polycentricity has become a crucial spatial development strategy. This paper aims to clarify the impact and mechanism of polycentric spatial structure on the urban–rural income gap, provide better countermeasures to narrow it and make development suggestions for cities of different scales.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the specific impact of polycentric spatial structure on the urban–rural income gap by utilizing a two-way fixed effects model.

Findings

The results show that the polycentric spatial structure is favorable for reducing the urban–rural income gap, and upgrading the industrial structure and improving transportation infrastructure are important mechanisms. Moreover, the role of polycentric spatial structure is more significant in large cities. However, in small and medium-sized cities, the role of polycentric spatial structure is not significant.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this study include two main aspects. One is that this paper only analyzes the mediating effect of industrial structure and transport infrastructure, and we do not examine other mechanisms. The second is that due to data availability, this paper uses data from 2010 to 2019, and the research period can be further extended in future studies.

Practical implications

This study has policy implications for building a polycentric city network and also provides insights into the planning of cities of different scales.

Social implications

The polycentric spatial structure is important for narrowing the urban–rural income gap, especially in large cities. Improvement of transportation infrastructure and upgrading of industrial structure are important mechanisms. However, the polycentric spatial structure does not play a significant role in small and medium-sized cities. Thus, the polycentric spatial structure is not suitable for every kind of city. Relevant departments should carry out urban planning according to local conditions.

Originality/value

As a critical concern of urban planning, polycentricity significantly affects the urban–rural income gap. Relevant studies have analyzed the impact of polycentric spatial structure on regional income disparity, and few studies have focused on the relationship between polycentric spatial structure and the urban–rural income gap. Using city panel data in China, this paper explores the impact of polycentric spatial structure on the urban-rural income gap. Meanwhile, we test the mediating role of transportation infrastructure improvement and industrial structure upgrading. This study broadens the analysis of the urban–rural income gap’s influencing factors and provides a path reference for narrowing the urban–rural income gap.
Dissecting the provincial relative poverty dynamics in China: a new four-dimensional decomposition approach
Authors: Sun Weihong , Wang Manding , Liu Ding
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates relative poverty in China against its rapid economic growth and poverty reduction efforts, aiming to understand the impact of evolving poverty lines and rural-urban disparities.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing micro-survey data and a novel four-dimensional decomposition method, the research decomposes provincial relative poverty changes in China into poverty line and income distribution effects. The poverty line effect is further broken down into the extensive and intensive components, and the impact of income distribution into the growth and inequality effects, offering a detailed examination of their roles in urban and rural contexts.

Findings

The findings indicate that economic growth significantly mitigates the incidence, depth and severity of relative poverty across both settings, whereas income inequality exacerbates these aspects. Additionally, changes in the poverty line through the extensive and intensive effects markedly elevate relative poverty levels. Despite overall reductions, rural areas continue to face higher poverty rates than urban regions, emphasizing the necessity for targeted poverty alleviation policies.

Originality/value

This paper provides a novel perspective by dissecting China’s relative poverty dynamics through a four-dimensional analysis, highlighting the importance of considering economic growth, income inequality and the poverty line adjustments. It underlines the need for policies that specifically address the nuances of relative poverty, including the persistent rural-urban divide, contributing valuable insights for more effective poverty alleviation strategies.
The influence mechanism of relational capital on adaptive behaviors of Chinese expatriates in Latin America
Authors: Nie Ting , Xie Lida , Gong Caijun , Huang Yiying , Yan Qiao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

In line with the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to examine the mediating effect of cultural identity and role identity between relational capital and adaptive behavior, and the moderating effect of willingness to learn.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 241 Chinese expatriates in Latin America through a two-wave survey.

Findings

The findings indicate that expatriates’ perceived relational capital can promote adaptive behaviors by enhancing their cultural identity and role identity. Willingness to learn positively moderates the indirect effects of relational capital on adaptive behaviors through cultural identity and role identity. For expatriates with a high willingness to learn, the impact of relational capital on their adaptive behaviors through cultural identity and role identity is stronger.

Originality/value

This study extends empirical research on expatriate adaptation. Organizations should promote the accumulation of expatriates’ relational capital while they are working abroad. Meanwhile, willingness to learn should be considered as a criterion when selecting expatriates.
Unlocking innovation potential: the impact of artificial intelligence transformation on enterprise innovation capacity
Authors: Jiang Liangyu , Xuan Ye , Zhang Kerong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Building upon the resource-based view (RBV) and related research, this paper empirically examines the impact and specific mechanisms of artificial intelligence transformation on corporate innovation capabilities. It provides micro-level evidence of AI’s influence on innovation behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon data from Chinese listed companies spanning the period from 2011 to 2022, this study employs a dual fixed-effects model and a mediation effects model to empirically analyze the influence of enterprise AI transformation on its innovation capability as well as the specific mechanisms involved.

Findings

The research reveals that AI transformation significantly enhances the innovation capability of enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that AI transformation exerts a stronger promoting effect on the innovation capability of non-technology firms, large enterprises and those within the manufacturing sector. Mechanism analysis further reveals that AI transformation enhances innovation capability by boosting enterprise profits, reducing costs and reinforcing internal control mechanisms. Further examination demonstrates that AI transformation elevates the quality, efficiency and eco-friendliness of enterprise innovation.

Originality/value

Firstly, this study employs text analysis methods from machine learning to construct artificial intelligence indicators at the firm level, providing stronger evidence of AI’s impact on corporate innovation capabilities. Secondly, it extends corporate innovation behavior to include innovation quality, efficiency and green innovation practices, offering a more comprehensive validation of AI’s role in fostering corporate innovation.
Linear and energy stability analyses of onset of Darcy-Bénard convection due to combustion
Authors: Siddheshwar P.G. , Nandal Reena
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to perform a linear and nonlinear analysis of the stability of a chemically reacting Newtonian fluid in a Darcy porous medium. The purpose of selecting both analyses is to investigate the probability of subcritical instability resulting from combustion.

Design/methodology/approach

The chemical reaction problem in a Darcy porous medium with Arrhenius kinetics is considered. The effect of the Frank-Kamenetskii number on the linear and nonlinear stability is analysed. The critical eigenvalue is obtained numerically by the Chebyshev pseudospectral method for both analyses.

Findings

The inference from the two analyses is that in the presence of combustion, the situation in the Darcy−Bénard convection problem can lead to subcritical instability. It is found that the value of the critical Frank-Kamenetskii number keeps on changing as the lower boundary temperature changes, beyond the critical value of the Frank-Kamenetskii number where the system splits, going from a steady condition to an explosive state.

Originality/value

The Chebyshev pseudospectral approach has been applied to address the combustion problem in this research. The normal mode methodology and energy method are used for linear and nonlinear analyses, and the effects of nonlinear factors are examined by comparing the outcomes.
Gains and losses: a phenomenographic study on adolescents’ understanding of isolation due to COVID-19
Authors: Rosali Leann Jester Daus , Dicto Princess Joy , Erojo Kreen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the various ways Filipino adolescents understand their experiences of isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their perceptions of gains and losses during prolonged quarantine.

Design/methodology/approach

A phenomenographic approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 17 adolescents aged 16–19 years from a private senior high school in the Philippines. Data were collected through online surveys and virtual interviews, analyzed to identify categories of understanding and construct an outcome space.

Findings

Adolescents perceive isolation in three primary ways: as a constraint, a necessity and an opportunity. These perceptions reveal a hierarchy of expanding awareness impacting their physical, emotional and social well-being. Isolation as a constraint highlighted limitations and losses, as a necessity emphasized safety and rational acceptance and as an opportunity focused on personal growth and strengthened relationships.

Research limitations/implications

The qualitative nature and specific demographic focus limit generalizability. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding adolescent experiences and can inform targeted interventions to support their emotional well-being during and post-isolation.

Practical implications

Programs and interventions designed based on these findings can help adolescents cope with negative emotions associated with isolation, promote their well-being and facilitate smoother transitions back to normalcy post-quarantine.

Social implications

Understanding adolescents’ perspectives on isolation can guide the development of supportive policies and community programs that address their mental health needs and foster resilience in similar future scenarios.

Originality/value

This study fills a gap in research by providing a detailed phenomenographic analysis of how Filipino adolescents perceive isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a nuanced understanding of their experiences that can inform both local and broader contexts.
Women’s leadership skills in the military police: a study in the Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Negrão Iris Alves , Poleto Thiago , Maciel Marinalva , Oliveira Daniela Ribeiro de , Gaudêncio Itamar , Friaes Ligiane Cristina Braga de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The article aims to explore how the military police in Brazil’s Northern Region incorporate “difference” and “diversity” into leadership, focusing on women in leadership roles. It examines institutional changes in leadership styles and the development of inclusive practices. The goal is to understand the competencies women bring to police leadership and how these can transform organizational culture.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed in-depth interviews with 20 women’s police leaders in Pará, using MAXQDA for data analysis and criteria sampling for participant selection to achieve data saturation.

Findings

The study results indicate that women’s leadership in the Military Police of Pará fosters a new organizational culture, emphasizing shared and transformational leadership. Women’s leaders are seen as adaptable and resilient, capable of balancing professional performance with emotional management. Traits such as empathy and sensitivity are prominent, creating a more humanized work environment. Additionally, the creativity and charisma of women’s leaders facilitate the development of innovative solutions to complex problems, demonstrating the transformative impact of women’s leadership within the police.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s limitations include its focus on a specific region with a small sample size, reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce bias, and findings deeply embedded in the local cultural contexto in the police.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this study include encouraging the development of formal networks and mentorship opportunities, particularly those led by women. These initiatives aim to promote gender equity within the police force by preventing women from being disadvantaged in competitive processes such as exams and performance evaluations, thereby eliminating implicit biases. Implementing mentorship programs that connect experienced women officers with aspiring officers can facilitate the exchange of practical knowledge and experience while developing essential skills like empathy, compassion and emotional balance.

Originality/value

The originality and value of this study lie in its focus on the unique competencies and leadership styles of female leaders in the Military Police of Northern Brazil. It highlights how these leaders introduce empathy, creativity and resilience into the traditionally male-dominated police culture, fostering a more inclusive and effective organizational environment. This research fills a gap by providing insights into how female leadership can transform police practices, emphasizing the importance of diversity and gender-sensitive approaches in law enforcement.
A Tale of Two Cases and a Story Yet Untold: Access to Justice and Legal Advice under the Civil Limb of Article 6 ECHR
Authors: Khabirpour Nabil
Published: November 2024

The proposition that universal access to justice should be a guiding aim of any system of law is, today, commonly recognised. Less clear, however, is what the implementation of this principle should entail in practice if a party cannot afford legal assistance. This article explores the role European human rights law can play in narrowing the asymmetry of access to justice under Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The protective ambit of the civil limb of Article 6 currently encompasses a limited right to legal assistance once proceedings regarding the determination of civil rights or obligations are underway. It does not, however, protect an ex‐ante right to know whether a determination about civil rights or obligations falls due, ie it does not include a right to legal advice per se. Based on a re‐assessment of two key decisions, rule of law imperatives and insights from capability theory, I show how and why it should extend to include such a limited right.
The Modern Epidemic of Autoimmunity
Authors: Zheng Jie‐Fu , Lee Yung‐Heng , Leong Pui‐Ying
Published: November 2024

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body, but the presence of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), does not always lead to autoimmune diseases. Globally, autoimmunity is on the rise, influenced by socioeconomic factors, environmental exposure, diet, and stress. Climate change and pollution further exacerbate risks. The COVID‐19 pandemic has worsened the issue, with unvaccinated individuals showing higher rates of autoimmune conditions postinfection. Preventive strategies, including healthy diets, stress management, and vaccination, are crucial in combating this growing epidemic. Collaboration between individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers is critical to mitigate the rise in autoimmune disorders and enhance public health.
swaRmverse: An R package for the comparative analysis of collective motion
Authors: Papadopoulou Marina , Garnier Simon , King Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Collective motion, that is the coordinated spatial and temporal organisation of individuals, is a core element in the study of collective animal behaviour. The self‐organised properties of how a group moves influence its various behavioural and ecological processes, such as predator–prey dynamics, social foraging and migration. However, little is known about the inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in collective motion. Despite the significant advancement in high‐resolution tracking of multiple individuals within groups, providing collective motion data for animals in the laboratory and the field, a framework to perform quantitative comparisons across species and contexts is lacking.

Here, we present the swaRmverse package. Building on two existing R packages, trackdf and swaRm, swaRmverse enables the identification and analysis of collective motion ‘events’, as presented in Papadopoulou et al. (2023), creating a unit of comparison across datasets. We describe the package's structure and showcase its functionality using existing datasets from several species and simulated trajectories from an agent‐based model.

From positional time‐series data for multiple individuals (x‐y‐t‐id), swaRmverse identifies events of collective motion based on the distribution of polarisation and group speed. For each event, a suite of validated biologically meaningful metrics are calculated, and events are placed into a ‘swarm space’ through dimensional reduction techniques.

Our package provides the first automated pipeline enabling the analysis of data on collective behaviour. The package allows the calculation and use of complex metrics for users without a strong quantitative background and will promote communication and data‐sharing across disciplines, standardising the quantification of collective motion across species and promoting comparative investigations.
Bereavement and problematic alcohol use: Prevalence and predictors among a national sample of bereaved adults
Authors: Bottomley Jamison S. , Williams Joah L. , Pavlacic Jeffrey M. , Gex Kathryn S. , Rheingold Alyssa A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Problematic alcohol use (PAU) is highly prevalent in the United States. Although bereavement, a highly stressful and ubiquitous experience across the lifespan, is believed to increase the risk for PAU based on a small number of studies, research using large diverse samples of bereaved adults has yet to be conducted. Therefore, relations between PAU and bereavement remain poorly understood, hampering the reach and effectiveness of alcohol interventions. The current study addresses this limitation by investigating rates and correlates of PAU and service utilization among a large national sample of bereaved adults.

Methods

Participants were adults who reported the death of a significant other in their lifetime (N = 1529). Most participants identified as female (69.1%) and White (68.2%), with an average age of 44.7 (SD = 16.29). Online self‐report surveys assessed the prevalence of PAU using the AUDIT‐C, mental health service utilization, and associated characteristics.

Results

Nearly one‐third (n = 463; 30.3%) screened positive for PAU, which surpasses rates found in the general US population. After accounting for other characteristics, time since the death (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.59–5.08) and meeting presumptive criteria for depression (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.64–3.18) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD; OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.13–2.25) significantly increased risk for PAU among the bereaved. Approximately half (n = 244; 52.7%) of bereaved adults with PAU received any mental health service since the death. Time since the death (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.38–7.48) and presumptive depression (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.25–3.74) were associated with service utilization after accounting for other characteristics.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of PAU among bereaved adults, particularly among those with a diagnosis of PGD, and limited use of support services underscore the need for greater empirical attention and integrated substance use care for bereaved adults.
Preclinical activity of resazurin in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Ha Trung Quang , Andresen Vibeke , Erikstein Bjarte Skoe , Popa Mihaela , Gullaksen Stein‐Erik , Reikvam Håkon , McCormack Emmet , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore
Published: November 2024

Resazurin, a phenoxazine used in cell viability assays, acts in vitro as an anti‐leukaemic compound through the production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. However, the in vivo tolerance and efficacy of resazurin in cancer are unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of resazurin in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Resazurininduced cell death in a dose‐dependent manner in AML cell lines and reduced proliferation and colony formation in ex vivo treated patient‐derived AML cells. Cells treated with a reduced dose of resazurin for 72 h acquired a more mature immunophenotype suggesting cell differentiation as a mechanism contributing to the anti‐leukaemic effect. In vivo optical imaging in healthy mice demonstrated a reduction of resazurin to resorufin within 30 min and non‐detectable after 2 h, supporting dosing twice daily as optimal. In subcutaneous and orthotopic models of MV4‐11 AML in NOD/SCID IL2rγnull mice, anti‐tumour effects and an increased survival were found at a dose level of 75 mg/kg twice daily without observed toxicity. Our results suggest that resazurin represents a novel experimental therapeutic for the treatment of AML.
Brain Morphometric Alterations in Focal to Bilateral Tonic–Clonic Seizures in Epilepsy Associated With Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance
Authors: Lin Qiuxing , Li Wei , Zhang Yingying , Li Yuming , Liu Peiwen , Huang Xiang , Huang Kailing , Cao Danyang , Gong Qiyong , Zhou Dong , An Dongmei
Published: November 2024

Background

Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS) represent the most severe seizure type in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), associated with extensive network abnormalities. Nevertheless, the genetic and cellular factors predispose specific TLE patients to FBTCS remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between brain morphometric alterations and transcriptional profiles in TLE patients with FBTCS (FBTCS+) compared to those without FBTCS (FBTCS−).

Methods

We enrolled 126 unilateral TLE patients (89 FBTCS+ and 37 FBTCS−) along with 60 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HC). We assessed gray matter volume to identify morphometric differences between patients and HC. Partial least squares regression was employed to investigate the association between the morphometric disparities and human brain transcriptomic data obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Results

Compared with HC, FBTCS+ patients exhibited morphometric alterations in bilateral cortical and subcortical regions. Conversely, FBTCS− patients exhibited more localized alterations. Imaging transcriptomic analysis revealed both FBTCS− and FBTCS+ groups harbored genes that spatially correlated with morphometric alterations. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis identified common pathways involved in neural development and synaptic function in both groups. The FBTCS− group displayed unique pathway enrichment in catabolic processes. Furthermore, mapping these genes to specific cell types indicated enrichment in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the FBTCS− group, while FBTCS+ group only enriched in excitatory neurons. The distinct cellular expression differences between FBTCS− and FBTCS+ groups are consistent with the distribution patterns of GABAergic expression.

Conclusion

We applied imaging transcriptomic analysis linking the morphometric changes and neurobiology in TLE patients with and without FBTCS, including gene expression, biological pathways, cell types, and neurotransmitter receptors. Our findings revealed abnormalities in inhibitory neurons and altered distribution patterns of GABAergic receptors in FBTCS+, suggesting that an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance may contribute to the increased susceptibility of certain individuals to FBTCS.
Risky Play Approaches of Educators in German and Turkish Nature‐Based Preschools
Authors: Deniz Umay Hazar , Cevher Kalburan Nilgün
Published: November 2024

This cross‐cultural multiple case study investigates the approaches of educators in nature‐based preschools in Turkey and Germany towards risky play, exploring factors influencing play behaviours and educator roles. Four educators from Turkey and three educators from Germany participated in the study. Through qualitative analysis of interviews and observations, three themes emerged: factors affecting play (including age, gender, environment, and cultural norms), educator roles (pre‐play, during play, post‐play), and risky play requirements (rules, risk management). Findings reveal cultural differences in attitudes towards risk, the impact of policy frameworks on practice, and the importance of professional development for educators. Policy implications include the need for supportive regulations promoting outdoor play, while future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess long‐term outcomes of risky play and explore innovative approaches to risk management. This study underscores the importance of creating environments that empower children to engage in enriching, developmentally appropriate play experiences while ensuring their safety and well‐being.
Modeling of Stress–Strain Fields Below U‐Notch Root Using Plasticity Approximation Rules Under Variable‐Amplitude Loading
Authors: Asplund Anton , Remes Heikki , Ono Yuki
Published: November 2024

This paper evaluates the applicability of Neuber's and equivalent strain energy density (ESED) rules to predict the material response below the root of a sharp U‐notch under variable‐amplitude (VA) loading for crack propagation simulations. The Voce–Chaboche (V‐C) combined hardening constitutive model, coupled with the above‐mentioned approximation rules, is used to resolve the elasto‐plastic response over a range of depths below the notch root. The response at each load reversal is extracted, and the maximum and minimum stress and strain quantities are used to evaluate fatigue damage using the Smith–Watson–Topper parameter. Results from approximation rules are compared to finite element method (FEM) at and below the notch root. Prediction accuracy varied at different points below the root depending on the size of the plastic zone, with predictions made using the original Neuber's and ESED rules being less accurate below the root. Applying stress redistribution correction to the stress field improves its accuracy below the root; however, strain values are significantly amplified as a result. A modified Neuber's rule with stress redistribution and constraint corrections predicts the distribution of the material response and fatigue damage with consistent accuracy.
Marine and Freshwater Sounds Impact Invertebrate Behavior and Physiology: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Davies Hailey L. , Cox Kieran D. , Murchy Kelsie A. , Shafer Hailey M. , Looby Audrey , Juanes Francis
Published: November 2024

The diversity of biotic and abiotic sounds that fill underwater ecosystems has become polluted by anthropogenic noise in recent decades. Yet, there is still great uncertainty surrounding how different acoustic stimuli influence marine and freshwater (i.e., aquatic) communities. Despite capabilities to detect and produce sounds, aquatic invertebrates are among the most understudied taxa within the field of soundscape ecology. We conducted a meta‐analysis to understand how sounds from various sources influence the behavior and physiology of aquatic invertebrates. We extracted 835 data points from 46 studies conducted in 15 countries. The resulting data included 50 species, a range of experimental conditions, and four sound categories: anthropogenic, environmental, synthetic, and music. We used meta‐analytic multivariate mixed‐effect models to determine how each sound category influenced aquatic invertebrates and if responses were homogeneous across taxa. Our analyses illustrate that anthropogenic noise and synthetic sounds have detrimental impacts on aquatic invertebrate behavior and physiology, and that environmental sounds have slightly beneficial effects on their behavior. Defence responses were the most impacted behaviors, while the most prominent physiological responses were related to biochemistry, genetics, and morphology. Additionally, arthropods and molluscs exhibited the most pronounced physiological responses to anthropogenic and synthetic noise. These findings support the conclusion that many invertebrate species are sensitive to changes in aquatic soundscapes, which can cause adverse or favorable consequences to individuals and populations, dependent on the sound source. This quantitative synthesis highlights the necessity of including marine and freshwater invertebrates in acoustic exposure studies, aquatic ecosystem assessments, and emerging noise pollution policies.
Baddeleyite SK10‐3: A Natural Reference Material for Microbeam U‐Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Measurements
Authors: Chen Ranran , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Senger Martin , Paul André Navin , Sylvester Paul J. , Yang Yueheng , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan
Published: November 2024

Baddeleyite is an important U‐Pb geochronometer and Hf isotope tracer that commonly occurs as an accessory phase in silica‐undersaturated igneous rocks of terrestrial and extra‐terrestrial origin. Currently, very few well‐characterised, large sized reference materials are available for baddeleyite U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope measurement. In this study, we document a baddeleyite reference material (SK10‐3) of Cenozoic age. SK10‐3 is inclusion‐free and does not contain secondary alteration minerals. The baddeleyite has uniform U‐Pb ages and Hf isotope ratios, within analytical uncertainty, as demonstrated by multiple LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses (weighted mean 206Pb/238U age: 31.59 ± 0.11 Ma, MSWD = 0.7, n = 197) and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses (arithmetic mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio: 0.282741 ± 59, 2s, n = 188). Seven ID‐TIMS analyses yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 31.592 ± 0.020/0.022/0.040 Ma (n = 7, 2s, MSWD = 2.2). Nine aliquots of MC‐ICP‐MS analyses yielded an arithmetic mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio of 0.282742 ± 8 (2s). We further demonstrate that the method of shallow‐pit (~ 2 μm depth) ablation substantially improves the precision and accuracy of baddeleyite U‐Pb ages. SK10‐3 has a relatively high 176Yb/177Hf ratio (~ 0.007) compared with most other baddeleyites, allowing the precise measurement of βYb and may be useful in generating the βYb‐βHf relationship during LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS Hf isotope measurement. SK10‐3 may be a useful addition to previously distributed baddeleyite reference materials for microbeam‐based U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope measurements.
Assessing and tailoring the dilatometric profile of novel chromium‐free refractory raw materials
Authors: Borges Otávio H. , Aneziris Christos G. , Pandolfelli Victor C.
Published: November 2024

Reducing dependence on toxic electrofused magnesia‐chromium aggregates is essential to meet demands for eco‐friendly refractories. Some authors have proposed alternative compositions using lab‐scale electrofusion to produce small specimens (< 0.5 g). However, this size limits the evaluation of key refractory properties, such as thermal expansion. As an alternative, this study explored conventional sintering at 1600°C for 5 h and both methods resulted in equivalent chemical and mineralogical compositions. Despite presenting higher porosity (24 % – 30 %) than the electrofused ones (4 % – 6 %), consistent microstructural parameters supported using the sintering route to produce larger specimens (5 × 5 × 25 mm3), which were assessed for dilatometric profiles up to 1400°C. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, Rietveld's refining of X‐ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry, the dilatometric analysis indicated that spinel dissolution in the periclase causes a high expansion during heating, whereas its re‐precipitation results in shrinkage. As this behavior could result in challenges for the refractory lining design, computational thermodynamics was used to find additives capable of increasing this transition temperature. TiO₂ was identified as a promising candidate and its effectiveness was attested.
Addressing Tobacco Use Disorder in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders: The Critical Role of Nurses
Authors: Boonstra N. , Spoelstra S. K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Individuals with mental health disorders tend to smoke more frequently and intensely than the general population; however, smoking cessation efforts are still often neglected in mental health care.

Methods

This position paper advocates for creating a more prominent role for mental health nurses in assisting individuals with severe psychiatric disorders to quit smoking.

Results

Given their extensive patient contact and holistic care approach, mental health nurses are uniquely positioned to lead smoking cessation initiatives. Consequently, there is an urgent need for increased awareness, mandatory professional training and policy support to empower nurses in this critical role.

Conclusions

Strengthening the involvement of mental health nurses in smoking cessation programs could lead to reduced premature mortality and improved overall health for individuals with severe mental illnesses.
The Diverse Habitats of Eclogite Formation: Insights From the Mesoproterozoic Glenelg Inlier, Scotland
Authors: Lucas Nicholas A. , Weller Owen M. , Copley Alex , Mottram Catherine M. , Chapman Glenn , McMahon William J.
Published: November 2024

Eclogite‐facies rocks provide important constraints on the behaviour of convergent plate boundaries and the geometries of tectonic reconstructions due to the high to ultrahigh pressure conditions at which they form. Many eclogite occurrences are documented near the suture zone of active collisional settings where they are interpreted to mark the approximate location of former ocean basin subduction. Such observations influence tectonic interpretations for older eclogites within more deeply eroded and/or less well‐exposed terranes. The eclogitic Glenelg inlier in northwest Scotland is one such example, with c. 1 Ga eclogites having previously been interpreted as marking the trace of a Grenville‐aged collisional suture zone that defines a third ‘arm’ to the Grenville orogen alongside well‐defined sutures in North America and Scandinavia. Here we use a combination of geochronology, phase equilibrium modelling and accessory‐phase thermometry to show that the eclogite‐facies assemblages were produced at 18–19 kbar and 700°C–750°C from c. 1.1 to 1.0 Ga. Accounting for the foreland basin setting of equivalent‐aged sedimentary rocks in the region and demonstrating the thermal viability of this setting, we show that eclogite formation occurred in deforming foreland crust adjacent to the Grenville orogen, in a setting broadly analogous to fault‐bounded basement uplifts in the forelands of active deformation belts, such as the Himalayas and Andes. Our results demonstrate that eclogite‐facies rocks can form in a greater range of tectonic settings than are sometimes considered, with implications for tectonic reconstructions of collisional zones. In this instance, our results remove the need for a third ‘arm’ of the Grenville orogen by placing Glenelg in a foreland setting, reconciling the absence of plentiful Grenville‐aged metamorphic rocks in northwest Scotland, the sedimentological record and paleomagnetic data in the wider region.