bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Real-Time Rendering of Gradient Media
Authors: Riabov Sergei , Zhdanov Andrey , Zhdanov Dmitry , Valiev Ildar Vagizovich
Published: December 2021

In the real world, there are optical media that are difficult or impossible to simulate with classical real-time rendering methods. One of such media types is a gradient medium, in which light rays propagate along a curve. However, with advances in the capabilities of the real-time computer graphics rendering hardware, more sophisticated rendering algorithms, e.g., rendering based on the ray tracing technologies which uses a physically correct model of the light propagation and transformation, are becoming more widely used to achieve more realistic images. In the scope of the current article, the authors researched the capabilities of the current accelerated ray tracing-based realistic rendering technologies to perform the physically correct rendering of scenes containing the gradient medium. The presented method can operate in realtime which was proven by presenting the test images and aminations acquired from the implementation of the designed realistic rendering method of the gradient media with NVIDIA OptiX.
Shot Boundary Detection Method Based on a New Extensive Dataset and Mixed Features
Authors: Gushchin Alexander , Antsiferova Anastasia , Vatolin Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

Shot boundary detection in video is one of the key stages of video data processing. A new method for shot boundary detection based on several video features, such as color histograms and object boundaries, has been proposed. The developed algorithm was tested on the open BBC Planet Earth [1] and RAI [2] datasets, and the MSU CC datasets, based on videos used in the video codec comparison conducted at MSU, as well as videos from the IBM set, were also plotted. The total dataset for algorithm development and testing exceeded the known TRECVID datasets. Based on the test results, the proposed algorithm for scene change detection outperformed its counterparts with a final F-score of 0.9794.
Visual Analytics Tools for Polycode Stimuli Eye Gaze Tracking in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ryabinin Konstantin , Belousov Konstantin , Chumakov Roman
Published: December 2021

This paper is devoted to extending the previously created unified pipeline for conducting eye-tracking- based experiments in a virtual reality environment. In the previous work, we proposed using SciVi semantic data mining platform, Unreal Engine and HTC Vive Pro Eye head-mounted display to study reading process in the immersive virtual reality. The currently proposed extension enables to handle so-called polycode stimuli: compound visual objects, which consist of individual parts carrying different semantics for the viewer. To segment polycode stimuli extracting areas of interest (areas, where the informant’s eye gaze is being tracked) we adopt Creative Maps Studio vector graphics editor. To integrate Creative Maps Studio into the existing pipeline we created plugins for SciVi platform to load and handle the segmented stimuli, place them in the virtual reality scenes, collect corresponding eye gaze tracking data and perform visual analysis of the data collected. To analyze the eye gaze tracks, we utilize a circular graph that allows comprehensive visualization of hierarchical areas of interest (mapping them to color- coded graph nodes grouped into the hierarchy with a help of multilevel circular scale) and corresponding eye movements (mapped to the graph edges). We tested our pipeline on two different stimuli: the advertising poster and the painting “The Appearance of Christ Before the People” by A. Ivanov (1857).
Construction of Composite Stereo Images of Scientific Results Using the Multi-View StereoMaker 2.0 Software Package
Authors: Andreev Sergey Valeryevich , Bondareva Nikole Alexandrovna , Bondarev Alexander Evgenyevich
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the Multi-view StereoMaker software package. It allows the automatic construction of a stereo image for several objects and accompanying information to them using the multi-view technology. The Multi-view StereoMaker software package is designed to work with arbitrary 3D objects, which can be represented both by the results of calculations of mathematical modeling problems, and by images specified by the user himself. The software package is designed to work with an autostereoscopic monitor. The main purpose of the developed software is to realize the construction of several objects with different stereo bases in one stereo frame. It allows the user to quickly and efficiently build images by varying the stereo base for different objects in order to achieve the most expressive stereo effect. A description of the main functions and capabilities of the first version of the developed system is also presented and the real results of the operation of the Multi-view StereoMaker software complex are presented.
An Application of the Visualization Methods for Investigation Small Scale Processes in the Atmosphere-hydrosphere Boundary Layer within Laboratory Experiments on the Wind-wave Facilities
Authors: Sergeev Daniil , Suvorov Anatoly , Kandaurov Alexander
Published: December 2021

Hydro/aerodynamic laboratory experiment aimed at the laboratory modelling of the physical processes marine atmospheric boundary layer is one of the most complicated. Especial features as spray of droplets, the bubbles in the water and foam generated during the breaking of the waves should be taken into account when modelling extreme weather conditions caused by severe winds. Thus, in the experiment we are dealing with a multiphase turbulent flow with a free boundary. This investigation describes developing approaches to the use of optical methods based on visualization for performing these investigations. Presented results were obtained in experiments carried out on wind-wave facilities. To study the processes of fragmentation of the water surface leading to the formation of droplets and foam, high-speed multi-angle video taking is used in combination with the shadow imaging method.
Evaluation of Vector Transformations for Russian Static and Contextualized Embeddings
Authors: Korogodina Olga , Koulichenko Vladimir , Karpik Olesya Vladimirovna , Klyshinsky Eduard
Published: December 2021

The authors of Word2Vec claimed that their technology could solve the word analogy problem using the vector transformation in the introduced vector space. By default, the same is true for both static and contextualized models. However, the practice demonstrates that sometimes such an approach fails. In this paper, we investigate several static and contextualized models trained for the Russian language and find out the reasons of such inconsistency. We found out that words of different categories demonstrated different behavior in the semantic space. Contextualized models tend to find phonological and lexical analogies, while static models are better in finding relations among geographical proper names. In most cases, the average accuracy for contextualized models is better than for static ones. Our experiments have demonstrated that in some cases the length of the vectors could differ more than twice, while for some categories most of the vectors could be perpendicular to the vector connecting average beginning and ending points.
Visualization of the Evolutionary Path: an Influenza Case Study
Authors: Forghani Majid , Vasev Pavel , Ramsay Edward , Bersenev Alexander
Published: December 2021

Visualization of viral evolution is one of the essential tasks in bioinformatics, through which virologists characterize a virus. The fundamental visualization tool for such a task is constructing a dendrogram, also called the phylogenetic tree. In this paper, we propose the visualization and characterization of the evolutionary path, starting from the root to isolated virus in the leaf of the phylogenetic tree. The suggested approach constructs the sequences of inner nodes (ancestors) within the phylogenetic tree and uses one-hot-encoding to represent the genetic sequence in a binary format. By employing embedding methods, such as multi-dimensional scaling, we project the path into 2D and 3D spaces. The final visualization demonstrates the dynamic of viral evolution locally (for an individual strain) and globally (for all isolated viruses). The results suggest applications of our approach in: detecting earlier changes in the characteristics of strains; exploring emerging novel strains; modeling antigenic evolution; and study of evolution dynamics. All of these potential applications are critical in the fight against viruses.
Queue Waiting Time Estimation Using Person Re-identification by Upper Body
Authors: Mamedov Timur , Kuplyakov Denis , Konushin Anton
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose a new approach to estimating waiting time in queue based on object tracking and person re-identification by upper body. The task we are considering is practically important in video analysis, because this data can be used for predictive analytics and improvement of customer services. The main idea of the proposed method is to use upper body detections instead of full body detections. This decision is due to the following fact: in queues, the upper bodies are more visible. Using re-identification allows us to perform video analytics on sparse frames and thereby increase the computational efficiency of the estimation algorithm. Also in this work, we introduce a novel upper body regression by head, upper body random size augmentation to improve re-identification performance in real-world scenarios and a method for calculating metrics for queue waiting time estimation algorithms. Our experimental evaluation showed that the proposed algorithm has a high accuracy of queue waiting time estimation.
Multiclass U-Net Segmentation of Brain Electron Microscopy Data
Authors: Getmanskaya Alexandra , Sokolov Nikolai , Turlapov Vadim
Published: December 2021

This work focuses on multi-class labeling and segmentation of electron microscopy data. The well-known and state-of-the-art EPFL open dataset has been labeled for 6 classes (instead of 1) and a multi-class version of the U-Net was trained. The new labeled classes are mitochondrion together with its border, mitochondrion’s border (separately), membrane, PSD, axon, vesicle. Our labeling results are available on GitHub. Our study showed that the quality of segmentation is affected by the presence of a sufficient number of specific features that distinguish the selected classes and the representation of these features in the training dataset. With 6-classes segmentation, mitochondria were segmented with the Dice index of 0.94, which is higher than with 5-classes (without mitochondrial boundaries) segmentation (Dice index of 0.892).
Combined Processing of Hyperspectral and Thermal Images of Plants in Soil for the Early Diagnosis of Drought
Authors: Lysov Maxim , Pukhky Konstantin , Turlapov Vadim
Published: December 2021

The possibilities of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in the early diagnosis of drought in plants based on hyperspectral images (HSI) are investigated. To provide the explainability and high accuracy to the result, we used the markup of HSI by superimposed Thermal IR (TIR) images of the last day of the experiment. Traditional HSI-based NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) images were also constructed. The markup of HSIs based on their clustering by the k-means method into 5 classes was also objectified: wet plants; plants in a state of drought; wet soil; dry soil; background. For HSI, on the day of the experiment started, the number of clusters was set to 2 less to reflect the absence of drought circumstances. For use in training and testing, all HSIs channels are marked up with the results of clustering. The HIS-TIR-combination made it possible to determine the temperature for each plant pixel in HSI, and as the result to determine the number of days without watering. A fully connected Double Layer Perceptron (DLP) neural network was used to solve classification and regression problems. The trained DLP-regressor showed the average accuracy of predicting the temperature of plants on the control days of the experiment RMSE = 0.52 degrees, providing an error in predicting the day of the beginning of the drought for near 2 days. The DLP-classifier was able to classify the drought of the plant in the early stages (the fifth day) with an accuracy of 97.3%. Software tools: pytorch, scikit-learn, pysptools.
SLAM-based Indoor Navigation in University Buildings
Authors: Sukhareva Ekaterina , Tomchinskaya Tatiana , Serov Ilya
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the use of SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) technology, with the help of which it is possible to build Indoor navigation systems using augmented reality technology, including on mobile platforms. The article also provides an overview of the positive and negative aspects of the SLAM technology its principle of operation for positioning a navigator using augmented reality in a university building within the framework of a student project are reviewed. The already implemented projects on similar topics, but using other technologies are considered their features are described. An example of the implementation of an indoor positioning system in a university using SLAM is given.
Managing Graphics Training in Digitalized Environment
Authors: Stolbova Irina , Pichkaleva Olga
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the management of subject learning based on the principle of individualization in the context of the digital transformation of the educational process. Individualized learning technologies help increase student interest in achieving better results. The expediency of using such learning technologies that are focused on individualization has been proven, since individually oriented learning helps to stimulate students to achieve better results. Basic graphic preparation of students is used as an example of subject preparation. There is an example of a prepared educational resource-an electronic workshop, which presents a database of geometric problems with creative content. The necessity of using a practice- oriented project task for the purpose of introducing to professional creativity and mastering methodology of independent work with maximum disclosure of their individual potential is shown. The scheme of working at a project in a digital environment is considered. The target settings of subject-based learning are highlighted. The network schedule of planning individual work of students taking into account different levels of immersion in project activities is discussed. The authors demonstrate a set of tasks for the design of 3d models of objects of varying complexity, contributing to the formation of competencies in the practical implementation of algorithms for geometric constructions. It is concluded that the use of electronic educational resources in the process of basic geometric and graphic training makes it possible to bring the training support closer to the real professional design environment as well as introduces students to the latest innovative technologies.
Real-time Rendering of Small-scale Volumetric Structure on Animated Surfaces
Authors: Leshonkov Artemiy , Frolov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

There are a lot of methods for rendering of shell-space geometry, represented through voxel texture, known for today. While the topic is well studied in terms of techniques for applying this geometry onto surfaces, a little attention was paid to representation of sub-pixel details of the geometry. Such details are prone to produce aliasing artifacts and reduce performance due to bad cache utilization. In this paper we solve these problems by introducing levels of detail for voxel textures within shell mapping technique. The main problem here is that less detailed levels begin to contain semi-transparent voxels on the edge of an encoded surface, which requires additional handling. For this we present a new approach for order independent transparency rendering based on depth peeling. We extend the algorithm by adding additional resolving pass which allows to fully utilize hardware z-buffering to reduce amount of overdraw. This significantly reduces cost of each subsequent peeling pass. Empirically, 3-4 of such passes is enough to produce good quality results in most cases. Another issue with shell mapping techniques is that shell geometry is constructed offline, making base surface to be static. By slightly modifying the method, we made the construction to be performed on-the-fly on GPU and be applicable for animated surfaces.
Geometric Method for Estimating Shading Degree of Objects in Solar Industry
Authors: Markin Leonid , Bobrik Lyudmila
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a geometric model for evaluating the effective area of photovoltaic solar panels, taking into account their shading cast upon the object when it is exposed to a solar flux directed as it has been set. The relevance of such research is due to the fact that solar energy is a source of ecologically clean energy on earth, in space - it is often the only source of life support for inhabited space stations and future extraterrestrial settlements. It describes problem setting, namely physical and mathematical approaches to evaluating energy efficiency of pho- tovoltaic solar panels. To estimate energy efficiency, we have chosen a voxel geometric model which samples the normal working area. The developed voxel geometric model differs from others significantly, namely it employs 4-digit code instead of 2-digit. Such multi-digit feature allows the solving algorithm to “trace” the shade source quickly when calculating the total effective area of photovoltaic solar panels. The paper presents the software implementation of the described geometric model, the graphical shell, and the results of verification of the afore- said geometric model. The results of its testing (estimates of accuracy and performance) are given. This results showing sufficient accuracy for practice and high speed of calculations (less than 10 seconds of processor time).
Criteria for Evaluating the Design of Advertising Content
Authors: Musaeva Tatyana , Boyashova Helena , Voloshinov Denis
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to two related issues: updating the methods of teaching students of technical universities who acquire competencies in the field of designing information products using computer graphics and design methods in order to create high-quality digital products, and researching the quality of an advertising product to identify important criteria that need to be given maximum attention to students, future developers of advertising brand content. Computer graphics is an area of information technology, the purpose of which is the research, development, improvement of methods, techniques and tools related to the creation and processing of images; the creation of geometric objects, images, including for advertising products for various purposes. There are contradictions between the ability to use computer graphics applications to solve professional tasks and the quality of information products created, the interfaces of which contain graphic information. Quality means a set of basic criteria for the product being developed that best meets the needs of the end user. The article presents the results of the survey conducted on the example of advertising of a well-known brand. The article presents the results of a sociological survey conducted on the example of advertising a well-known brand. The respondents ' opinion was obtained by a questionnaire method to identify the problem of ambiguous understanding of the information provided by different categories of users. The research data evaluated using the proposed scale made it possible to determine the composition of important criteria for an information digital product that need to be focused on.
Smoothness of Connection of Ruled Road Surface Form Segments
Authors: Lyubchinov Evgeniy , Panchuk Konstantin
Published: December 2021

Since the modern systems of automated road surface form design have allowed us to abandon the two stages road axis design – the map projection and the cross projection – in favor of defining the road axis as a spatial curve in the form of parametric splines, the smoothness of connection of curves and surfaces comprising the roadway remains an open question. The authors further develop the cyclographic method in road surface formation and study the problem of smoothness of connection of ruled surfaces segments generated through the cyclographic mapping of a spatial curve. The present paper considers the aspects of smooth connection of polynomial spline curve segments and the respective cyclographic projections, as well as ruled surface segments that are directed by these curves. The results of the study allow one to pre-define the desirable order of smoothness of the connected curve segments and ruled surface segments comprising the road surface forms on the stage of road axis design and subsequent road surface formation. This fact can serve as the basis for development of CAD systems for road surface forms of general and special purpose.
The Relationship of Musical and Color Preferences of a Person in Computer Graphics
Authors: Tonkoglaz Anastasia , Vekhter Evgeniya , Shklyar Aleksey
Published: December 2021

User-oriented design allows to develop design solutions based on user’s needs and desires. In order to meet user’s needs better, designers work on understanding and adaptation of human perception principles. Later this data would be used in design processes. The article is relevant due to the problem of interrelation of perceived information about environmental objects through different channels. The existence of this relation is confirmed by empirical studies, but its features and nature are not fully clarified. This article is devoted to the search and analysis of the relationship of information, which was received from different perception channels. This information allows to get input data about client's color and musical preferences. The article considers the comparability of colors and sound, which were obtained by testing a group of respondents. The work includes selection of associative color series for a fragment of a musical composition, which allows to analyze results and to make conclusions about its coincidence and discrepancy. Obtained results show connection of music and color based on artistic and figurative basis. Coincidences can be used in computer graphics while color spaces composing and in design at the stage of coloristic selection.
Reliable GPU-Based Methods and Algorithms of Implementation Dynamic Relief Shadows in Virtual Environment Systems
Authors: Timokhin Petr , Mikhaylyuk Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the task of real-time rendering of dynamic relief shadows based on ray casting using origin relief data - detailed height map. The solution proposed is based on looking for shadow rays - sun rays, whose tracks on height map are passed through heights occluding the light. GPU-based methods and algorithms for extracting such rays using an accelerating data structure - a mipmap of maximum and minimum relief heights are developed. This structure provides an effective acceleration of shadow rays extraction by skipping long sections of sun ray tracks that are not involved in relief shadowing. In algorithms developed precise traversing such a data structure is implemented, as well as texture filtering is taking into account, which allows the formation of "torn" shadow edges to be prevented. The solution created was implemented in software complex and a number of comparative shadow visualization tests was conducted. The results of the research can be used in virtual environment systems, video simulators, scientific visualization, educational applications, etc.
Method of the Analysis of Materials’ Microstructure Based on the Fractal Analysis of Images
Authors: Makarenko Konstantin , Zentsova Ekaterina
Published: December 2021

The basics of metallography and modern systems used to study and analyse the structures of materials are presented. Special attention is paid to the methods of quantitative microscopy. The review of modern computer programs for analysis of image microstructures obtained from digital microscopes is given. The fundamentals of fractal analysis as a highly effective tool for calculating numerical values of parameters of geometrically complex objects are described. The analysis of the graphitized cast iron structure is provided as an example; the application of the fractal analysis method for determining such characteristics of the graphite phase as the shape of graphite inclusions and their distribution in the amount of the alloy is demonstrated. In the course of the research, different classes of cast iron have been studied. To determine the shape of graphite inclusions it was suggested to use fractal dimension. The nonuniformity of the distribution was estimated by such function as lacunarity. The separate stages of determining these characteristics with a specialized FracLac plugin within the ImageJ program are presented. The results obtained have shown high adequacy. In spite of positive assessments, there are shortcomings revealed in the course of the research on the application of fractal analysis methods for identifying geometrically complex dimensional and topological parameters of the graphite phase in cast iron. The ways to further improve these methods in order to solve a wide range of problems in metallography of alloys are suggested.
Multi-agent Approach to Predict the Trajectory of Road Infrastructure Agents Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Azarchenkov Andrey , Lyubimov Maksim
Published: December 2021

The problem of creating a fully autonomous vehicle is one of the most urgent in the field of artificial intelligence. Many companies claim to sell such cars in certain working conditions. The task of interacting with other road users is to detect them, determine their physical properties, and predict their future states. The result of this prediction is the trajectory of road users’ movement for a given period of time in the near future. Based on such trajectories, the planning system determines the behavior of an autonomous-driving vehicle. This paper demonstrates a multi-agent method for determining the trajectories of road users, by means of a road map of the surrounding area, working with the use of convolutional neural networks. In addition, the input of the neural network gets an agent state vector containing additional information about the object. A number of experiments are conducted for the selected neural architecture in order to attract its modifications to the prediction result. The results are estimated using metrics showing the spatial deviation of the predicted trajectory. The method is trained using the nuscenes test dataset obtained from lgsvl-simulator.
Blind Deconvolution for Restoring Blurred and Distorted Images Based on the Pyramid Approach and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Medvedkov Nikita , Trubakov Andrey
Published: December 2021

Automatic restoration of blurred and distorted images is one of the most urgent tasks of image processing. There are two main classes of methods for solving this problem – deep learning and optimization methods. Optimization methods are a classic way to solve this problem and are aimed at selecting an unknown distorting function. This task is called blind deconvolution. The advantage of these methods is their accuracy and quality of the result obtained. However, a significant disadvantage of these methods is their operation time, which can reach more than a dozen minutes. In most methods of this class, classical gradient optimization methods and their modifications are used. However, this approach has a number of disadvantages. One of them is that the objective function must be differentiable. Another significant disadvantage of these methods is the probability of stopping at a local extremum and not finding the optimal solution. Thus, the disadvantages of the step-by-step optimization methods used are added to the long operation time of these methods. Optimization models devoid of these disadvantages (except for optimization time) are genetic algorithms. In this paper, we propose a method of blind deconvolution based on a pyramid approach and the use of a genetic algorithm with a modified mutation operator as an optimization model.
An Intelligent Approach to Recognizing Human Movements Based on a Wearable Device
Authors: Grecheneva Anastasya , Dorofeev Nikolay , Goryachev Maxim
Published: December 2021

n this paper, we consider the possibility of distinguishing the movements of a person and people by their gait based on data obtained from the accelerometer of a wearable device. A mobile phone was used as a wearable device. The paper considers the features of recognizing human movements based on a wearable device. A recognition algorithm based on a neural network with preliminary data processing and correlation analysis is proposed. The volume of the training sample consisted of 32 subjects with various physiological characteristics. The sample size in the subgroup of four people ranged from 2000 to 3000 movements. The main motor patterns for classification were the movements performed when walking in a straight line and stairs with a load (a bag with a laptop weighing 3.5 kg) and without it. The direct propagation network is chosen as the basic structure for the neural network. The neural network has 260 input neurons, 100 neurons in one hidden layer, and 4 neurons in the output layer. When training the neural network, the gradient reverse descent function was used. Cross- entropy was used as an optimization criterion. The activation function of the hidden layer was a sigmoid, and the output layer was a normalized exponential function. The presented algorithm makes it possible to distinguish between subjects when performing different movements in more than 90% of cases. The practical application of the results of the work is relevant for automated information systems of the medical, law enforcement and banking sectors.
Measuring the Imbalance of Regional Development from Outer Space in China
Authors: Xu Shengxia , Liu Qiang , Lu Xiaoli
Published: December 2021

We develop a statistical framework to use the data of night-time-lights (DN) from satellite to augment official GDP measures, and a non-linear substitution relationship between DN and GDP is given. In this paper, we take advantage of DN instead of GDP to measure the imbalance of regional development (IRD) in China by using the method of bi-dimensional decomposition under the population-weighted coefficient of variation. The method enables us to analyze the contributions of DN components to within-region and between-regions inequality under the framework which has been proposed, we can get the conclusion that the imbalance between-regions rather than within-region is the main reason for the influence of IRD for the whole country in China.
Statistical Inference for a Simple Step Stress Model with Competing Risks Based on Generalized Type-I Hybrid Censoring
Authors: Mao Song , Liu Bin , Shi Yimin
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates a simple step-stress accelerated lifetime test (SSALT) model for the inferential analysis of exponential competing risks data. A generalized type-I hybrid censoring scheme is employed to improve the efficiency and controllability of the test. Firstly, the MLEs for parameters are established based on the cumulative exposure model (CEM). Then the conditional moment generating function (MGF) for unknown parameters is set up using conditional expectation and multiple integral techniques. Thirdly, confidence intervals (CIs) are constructed by the exact MGF-based method, the approximate normality-based method, and the bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) percentile bootstrap method. Finally, we present simulation studies and an illustrative example to compare the performances of different methods.
Study on Pollution Cost Control Model under Asymmetric Information Based on Principal Agent
Authors: Wang Lina , Milis Koen , Poelmans Stephan
Published: December 2021

Pollution cost control is key to solve pollution problem. The paper takes pollution control cost of pollution control contract between management authority and pollutant discharge enterprise as research object, considers pollution control quality level, pollution control quality inspection and pollution control cost model, and establishes pollution control cost model of management authority and pollutant discharge enterprise, including rational constraints of pollutant discharge enterprise. And it analyzes principal-agent relationship between the two under condition of asymmetric information, and un-observability of pollution control level is shown as hiding information of sewage enterprises. In essence, it is problem of adverse selection in principal-agent. Pollution control cost of management is objective function. The first order condition of pollution control cost of sewage enterprise is transformed into state space equation, and optimal control of problem is solved by using maximum principle. In particular, management authority, as principal, uses pollution control provisions to reward, punish and encourage pollutant discharge enterprises as agents.
Uso de las Modalidades Diagnósticas Pertenecientes a la Imagenología Dentofacial en la Odontología Forense. Revisión de Literatura.
Authors: Castillo Paez Jose Alberto , Fajardo de Pérez Liliber del Carmen , Moffa Barros Angelo Giovani
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Describir el uso de las modalidades diagnosticas pertenecientes a la imagenología dentofacial en la odontología forense. Materiales y métodos: Se realizo una búsqueda en la base de datos de PubMed, Google Académico y SciELO con las palabras clave “Dentofacial imaging”, “Panoramic Radiography”, “Lateral Cephalogram”, “Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)”, “Digital Radiography”, y “Forensic Dentistry”. Se seleccionaron 48 artículos publicados en ingles, de fechas recientes, buscando información que describiera el uso de las modalidades diagnosticas pertenecientes a la imagenología dentofacial en la odontología forense. Resultados: Las modalidades diagnosticas de la imagenología dentofacial incluyen dentro de las más relevantes para la odontología forense la radiografía panorámica, la radiografía lateral de cráneo, la radiografía posterioanterior de cráneo y la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico. Conclusiones: Estas modalidades, junto a la ejecución de análisis morfométricos, permiten al odontólogo forense la identificación de un cadáver, la estimación de la edad, el sexo e incluso la reconstrucción facial forense con fines identificativos.
Educomunicar e Comitê Solidariedade:
Authors: Lacerda Márcia Rejane Ferreira , Fronza Claudia Sombrio , Schiochet Valmor
Published: December 2021

O projeto de extensão Educomunicar: Comunicação, Educação e Economia Solidária objetivava organizar, articular e realizar ações de educação em Economia Solidária e Comunicação Popular, utilizando-se de experiências de tecnologia social e possibilitando aos envolvidos desenvolverem habilidades de comunicação e divulgação. Com a crise gerada no Brasil pela pandemia do COVID-19, inúmeros/as trabalhadores/as dos empreendimentos econômicos que compõem a Rede de Economia Solidária do Vale do Itajaí (RESVI) tiveram suas atividades paralisadas, comprometendo a geração de renda. Nesse contexto, a RESVI e a Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares (ITCP/FURB) criaram o Comitê Solidariedade – Redes de Economia Solidária como Alternativa à Crise do Covid-19, com o objetivo de organizar doações, arrecadar contribuições e fomentar a cooperação econômica através do estabelecimento de um sistema de trocas e/ou aquisição de produtos e de serviços de Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários (EES). Para tornar isso possível, uma equipe de voluntários, extensionistas da FURB (docentes e discentes), se dispuseram a planejar, organizar e implementar diversas ações e, em conjunto com a equipe do projeto Educomunicar, através da utilização das mídias sociais Instagram e Facebook, foram arrecadados recursos que atenderam mais de 150 famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Além disso, foram estabelecidas relações de parceria com várias organizações sociais e fomentados intercâmbios econômicos associativos e colaborativos entre os Empreendimentos de Economia Solidária. Isso mostra que o uso sistemático das mídias sociais contribuiu para circular dados e informações, além de poder mobilizar e aproximar virtualmente as pessoas em prol de um objetivo comum, potencializando as ações de extensão.
Photo-Fenton Oxidative System for Removing Tartrazine Yellow Dye in Aqueous Medium Using Y-fe Zeolite As Catalyst
Authors: Nippes Ramiro Picoli , Macruz Paula Derksen , Molina Luiza Carla Augusto , Scaliante Mara Heloísa Neves Olsen
Published: December 2021

The synthesis and application of heterogeneous solid catalysts in Fenton-type processes have been shown to be a promising alternative for the removal of hazardous pollutants. In this context, the aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a heterogeneous solid iron catalyst supported on zeolite Y for the degradation of yellow food coloring tartrazine (TY). The catalyst was produced through humid ion exchange and characterized by the physisorption of N2, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX. The efficiency of the catalyst was evaluated through the degradation of tartrazine yellow dye in a batch regime, and the influence of some of the main operational parameters was also evaluated. The characterizations confirmed the presence of iron on the surface of zeolite Y and the increase in the specific area and pore volume after ion exchange. The catalyst used in the photo-Fenton system was extremely efficient, with a removal of approximately 98% in 120 min in the experimental conditions: [TY]0 = 10 mg/L, [H2O2]0 =200 g/L, Y-Fe dosage=1.5 g/L and pH= 3.0. It was possible to recover the catalyst and use it in five reuse cycles, showing its stability and potential application of this catalyst in heterogeneous photo-Fenton systems.
Prevalence of Pneumonia in Children’S Under Five Years in Al Sabbah Hospital Juba – South Sudan
Authors: Nyicar Simon D , Amum David A. , Kutjok Philip E. , Aban Pakjwok J. , Awin Opwonyi N. , Nyiboy Tuna Z. , Kol Angelo A. , Angong Athieng M. , Abraham Lam M. , Jiek Mandela M. , khamis Rahiel J.
Published: December 2021

Background: Each year, pneumonia affects about 450 million people globally; it is a major cause of death among all age groups resulting in 4 million deaths (7% of the world’s total death) yearly.Pneumonia is defined as the presence of fever, acute respiratory symptoms, or both, plus evidence of parenchymal infiltration chest radiography. Although, in the past decade the incidence of the disease was reported to have declined by half percent, that alone was considered to be the slowest decline in comparison to other diseasesThe objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in Al Sabah Children Hospital and to assess the risk factor associated. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years in Al Sabah hospital, Juba South Sudan. The study ran from 18th September to 5th of October 2021. 241 participants were randomly selected for the study and primary data were obtained through questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years was found to be 22.4.7%. The incidence is highest in males 23 (57.5%) compared to females17 (42.5%). The ethnicity of the patients from Dinka (37.5%) and Bari (30%), Shilluk (7.5%), Mundari (2.5%), Madi (5%) Nuer (7.5%), Murli (5%), Lolobo (2.5%) and latoka (2.5%) and the leading ethnicity with high morbidity of pneumonia was found to be in Dinka.Conclusion: The prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years in Al Sabah hospital is high compared to the previous research done by the students of Upper Nile University at the University of Juba in 2019 with the prevalence of 21%
An Observational Study of Physicians' Workflow Interruptions in Outpatient Departments in China
Authors: Zhu Ximin , Hu Yinhuan , Wang Liuming , Li Dehe , Wu Xiaoyue , Xia Shixiao , Cheng Siyu
Published: December 2021

Background: Workflow interruptions are frequent in hospital outpatient clinics. Eventually, not only reducing the work efficiency and quality, but also further threatening patient safety. Over the last 10–15 years, research on workflow interruptions in inpatient care has increased, but there is a lack of research on the interruptions in outpatient clinics. The present study aimed to study the differences in physicians' workflow interruptions among outpatient departments in the tertiary hospital in China.Methods: In a tertiary hospital, a standardized observational study of 32 doctors' workflow in outpatient department of four typical clinical specialties was conducted. The record of workflow interruptions was based on a self-made observation instrument after verifying its reliability and validity. Linear regression methods were used to assess outpatient characteristics as predictors of the number of interruptions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the difference about the duration of interruptions among specialties, and the Chi-Square Test was used to examine the sources of interruptions among different specialties, to determine whether interruption source is associated with specialty.Results: The number of patients was the significant independent predictor of the number of interruptions(p<0.001). In terms of work tasks being interrupted, the highest interruption rate occurred when physicians were asking health history: 19.95 interruptions per hour. The distribution of interruption sources among the four clinical specialties were statistically different (Χ2 =16.988, p = 0.049). Conclusion: The findings indicate that physicians' workflow interruptions are connected with many contents in the work system. Further emphasis should be placed on the effective application of hospital management measures in an interrupted environment to promote a safe and efficiency outpatient care.
Robust Asynchronous Fuzzy Predictive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Nonlinear Multiphase Batch Processes with Time-Varying Tracking Trajectories
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Shiqi , shi Huiyuan , Su Chengli , Li Ping
Published: December 2021

A T-S model-dependent robust asynchronous fuzzy predictive fault-tolerant tracking control scheme is developed for nonlinear multiphase batch processes with time-varying tracking trajectories and actuator faults. Firstly, considering the influence of the mismatch between the previous phase state and the current phase controller during the switching, a T-S fuzzy switching model including the match and mismatch case is established. Depending on the fuzzy switching model, a robust fuzzy predictive fault-tolerant tracking controller is designed by considering the situation whether the model rules correspond to the controller rules. Secondly, using the related theories and methods, the system stability conditions presented by the linear matrix inequality considering the above conditions are provided to guarantee the stability of the system. By solving these stability conditions, the T-S fuzzy control law gain of each phase, the minimum running time of each match case and the maximum running time of each mismatch case are obtained. Then, through the maximum running time, the strategy of the switching signal in advance is adopted to avoid the occurrence of asynchronous switching, so as to ensure that the system can operate stably. Finally, the simulation results verify that the designed controller is effective and feasible.
Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for Mahanadi Basin in India - Prediction of Future Streamflows
Authors: C Nayak P. , Wagh Poonam , B. Venkatesh , T. Thomas , R. Satyaji Rao Y. , Srivas Roshan
Published: December 2021

Climate change has long-term impacts on precipitation patterns, magnitude, and intensity, affecting regional water resources availability. Besides, understanding the interannual to decadal variations of streamflows in a river basin is paramount for watershed management, primarily extreme events such as floods and droughts. This study investigates impact of climate change in streamflows estimation for four sub-basins of the Mahanadi River, in India. The study includes three major components: (i) Historical trend analysis of hydroclimatic variables, using Mann-Kendall test; (ii) Statistical downscaling of GCM generated precipitation using change factor method and KnnCAD V4 stochastic weather generator; (iii) Dependable flow analysis of future streamflows predicted using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for various future GCM scenarios. It is observed that during the historical period, there is a decrease in number of rainy days and total annual precipitation in all sub-basins. However, the analysis also indicates an increase in flood intensity in two of the sub-basins. The decadal future precipitation has a marginal decrease in precipitation (up to 10%) for future scenarios; however, the precipitation events with high intensities increases. The results indicate that the magnitudes of 5% and 10% dependable flows are higher than the historically observed streamflows, for all future scenarios. This indicates a significant increase in extreme flood events in the basin. Further, only one of the sub-basins has shown an increase in water availability for agriculture and drinking water purposes (75% and 95% dependable flows) in the future. Understanding future flood events in the Mahanadi basin can help decision-makers to implement appropriate mitigation strategies.
Modelling Inter-pixel Spatial Variation of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Chen Wendy Y. , Lafortezza Raffaele
Published: December 2021

Context

Surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) is a classical measure, which is sensitive to the selection of pixels/measurements representative of urban and rural areas, and overlooks pixel-level SUHII variation and thermodynamics of heterogeneous urban landscape. Accounting inter-pixel landscape heterogeneity in SUHII would capture inter-pixel thermodynamics and reveal complicated micro-thermal situations, contribute to assessment of potential heat risks at micro-pixel scale.

Objectives

This study develops [[EQUATION]] using pixel-based sharpening enhancement method. It integrates a pixel’s LST magnitude that reflects a city’s thermal context with local SUHII considering landscape variations and cognate thermal interactions of neighboring pixels.

Methods
[[EQUATION]] is constructed using MODIS LST product for Guangzhou (south China) in the summer season of 2015 through cloud-based GEE platform. Its effectiveness is tested using a bivariate choropleth map and Gaussian density curve with stepwise increments of the thermal influence from neighboring pixels.

Results

We found that (1) local SUHII variations are sensitive to the spatial configuration of a center pixel’s land use and that of its neighbors; (2) [[EQUATION]] makes more pronounced those spots that are heat per se (with higher original LST), but also receive additional heat load from adjacent pixels due to land-use homogeneity; (3) the effectiveness of [[EQUATION]] could be demonstrated by Gaussian density curve.

Conclusions

This paper proposed a new SHUII indicator, [[EQUATION]] , which models inter-pixel spatial variation of SHUI and highlights how neighboring pixels’ homogenous/heterogeneous land-use and associated thermal properties could affect center pixels’ thermal characteristics via either reinforcement or mitigation of heat load.