bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and quality of Geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens) seedling in different types of growing mediums and containers
Authors: Junaedi A , Pribadi A , Kurniawan H , Yunianto AS , Wahyuningsih S , Wiratmoko MDE , Nugroho AW , Pasaribu PHP , Iqbal M , Mindawati N
Published: December 2023

Geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens) is one of native tree species of tropical peat swamp forest which has a good potency both planted for rehabilitation and industrial purposes. Nevertheless, before this tree species can be cultivated on a large scale, much silviculture knowledge and technology must be accessible, including the technique of seedling propagation. This study evaluated the growth and quality of geronggang seedlings grown in different mediums and containers. The seedling was grown in topsoil (M1) and peat (M2) medium with three containers (C1 = plastic pot (volume (v) = 120 mL); C2 = plastic pot (v = 300 mL) and C3 = polybag (v = 400 mL)). As the control, the seedling was also grown in topsoil + compost medium combined with polybag (M3C3). Growth (height (H), collar diameter (D), and biomass) and morphological ((shoot/root (S/R), D/H) and Dickson quality index (DQI)) attributes of the seedling and medium properties were observed. Peat medium had better results than topsoil (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the seedlings grown in peat medium had the highest performance. M2W3 was the treatment with adequate quality to be outplanted at nine months, with H, D, S/R, H/D, and DQI were 25.4 cm, 3.6 mm, 6.94, 1.37, and 0.36, respectively. The results indicated that using peat alone as a medium in geronggang seedling propagation was relatively time-consuming.
Exploring driving factors of soil erosion using a Multiscale GWR model: a case study at Central Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Karolinoerita Vicca , Wahyudin Yudi , Ramadhani Fadhlullah , Suryanta Jaka , Nahib Irmadi
Published: December 2023

To address challenges in soil erosion management and ecological rehabilitation, understanding the determinants of soil erosion is crucial. This research aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) delineating the spatial patterns of soil erosion within the designated region and (2) identifying the influential factors using the Multiscale Geographical Weighted Regression (MGWR) methodology. The methodological framework involved the creation of grid datasets, with soil erosion as the response variable and a combination of physical and socioeconomic attributes as predictors. We extracted 550 data points from raster datasets, specifically centered on village locations, using the ‘extract multi-value to point’ tool in ArcGIS. The R Studio environment was utilized to select the relevant factors influencing soil erosion. The geographical detector technique was applied to determine the explanatory power of each determinant concerning the spatial patterns of soil erosion. Subsequently, data from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model underwent MGWR analysis. The findings reveal that the Central Citarum Watershed experiences an estimated annual soil erosion of 23.16 million tons, averaging 102.01 tons per hectare. The analysis identified LS (slope length and gradient) and CP (vegetative cover and supportive practices) as the primary variables influencing the spatial variability of soil erosion. Notably, the MGWR model demonstrated enhanced explanatory capacity and effectiveness compared to both the OLS and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methodologies.
Determination of Health Index Classification and Management Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems Using a Combination of Fuzzy and ISM Methods
Authors: Rahmila Yulizar Ihrami , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Kusmana Cecep , Setiawan Yudi , Suyadi  , Efiyanti Lisna , Indrawan Dian Anggraini , Pranoto Bono , Anwar Mayrianti Annisa , Yulianti Mira , Yeny Irma , Herningtyas Wieke , Amru Khaerul
Published: December 2023

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia in 2021, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, is around 3,364,080 Ha; this amount is equivalent to 23% of the world’s mangrove ecosystem, which is from a total of 16,530,000 Ha (FAO, 2005). Information on the condition of mangrove ecosystems is important to know whether or not an area is good. Studies related to the condition of mangrove ecosystems based on environmental quality and mangrove health index to determine the environmental quality and mangrove health are needed for ecosystem management in the future. This article describes the health parameters of mangrove ecosystems that will be analyzed with the help of a combination of decision support software such as fuzzy and ISM so that priority mangrove ecosystem locations can be determined, mangrove health index values to determine the health status of mangrove ecosystems and determine alternative sustainable mangrove ecosystem management policies that will be applied to the object of study. In addition, the study also discusses the concept of determining standard criteria for the level of damage to mangrove ecosystems and determining the status of mangrove ecosystems. Based on fuzzy logic, data analysis shows that the output of the Mangrove Health Index can be determined with 3 variables and 27 rules, with key factors in Mangrove Density, Canopy Cover and Number of saplings. The results of ISM show that management institutions that must be actively involved in supporting the success of sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City are KLHK, DLHK Riau Islands Province, and BPDAS Sei Jang Duriangkang. Proper handling of constraints and management institutions that are actively involved in mangrove forest ecosystem management will ultimately encourage budget effectiveness and efficiency to meet the main goal, namely sustainable mangrove forest ecosystem management in Batam City.
Land Resource-Based Cocoa Development Potential in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hati D P , Erwinda E , Pratamaningsih M M , Mulyani A
Published: December 2023

Developing crops based on land resources is necessary for increasing cocoa production. This study aims to analyze the potential for developing cocoa based on information on land resources in the form of characteristics and land distribution in the North Luwu District. The distribution of cocoa was interpreted using onscreen satellite imagery. Land suitability data were compiled by matching land characteristics with the Cocoa Land Suitability Criteria. The potential availability of land and directions for crop development were determined based on the overlay results of land suitability classes with land-use maps and area status. Based on this study, the North Luwu District is part of an active tectonic region and has eight soil types: alluvial, regiosol, renzina, kambisol, gleisol, podsolik, mediteran, and oxisol. The land suitability class for cocoa plants was marginally suitable. The total land area that has the potential to develop cocoa plants is 68,804 ha, with the diversification and extensification of the two development patterns. North Luwu District has the potential to develop cocoa plantations with several appropriate agricultural technology efforts to support the increased production and quality of cocoa plants.
Characteristics and potential of tidal swampland to support the lowland rice development: a case study in Maliku Sub-District, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Hikmat M , Susanto B , Yatno E
Published: December 2023

Tidal swampland is an agroecosystem with distinct characteristics. Studying on this land was very important to support national food security. This study aims to identify the soil characteristics and the potential of tidal rice fields in the Maliku Sub-District, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Four representative soil profiles were characterized in the field and laboratory to determine the soil’s chemical, physical, and mineralogical properties. The results showed that these soils were generally fine textured, had very acid to acid reaction (soil pH 3.2-4.7), moderate to high C-organic (2-6%), varied potential P2O5 (22-289 mg/100g), low potential K2O (11-17 mg/100g), varied available P2O5 (8.6-56.1 mg/kg), very low exchangeable Ca (<2 cmolc/kg), varied exchangeable Mg (0.6-3.0 cmolc/kg), moderate soil CEC (18-22 cmolc/kg), very low base saturation (<20%), and shallow to very deep (35 - >100 cm) of pyrite depth. The sand fraction mineral is mainly composed of quartz and rock fragments, while the clay fraction is dominated by kaolinite. The lands are marginally suitable for tidal rice fields with the limiting factor being very acid soil reaction and shallow pyrite depth. The application of balanced fertilization, liming, organic matter, minimum tillage, and micro-water control can increase land productivity.
Investigating the influence of 3D building models on pedestrian wind comfort through wind computational fluid dynamics analysis
Authors: Ridzuan Nurfairunnajiha , Ujang Uznir
Published: December 2023

Wind flow plays a crucial role in determining pedestrian comfortability in the surrounding environment. However, the shape and detailing of buildings, as well as the angle of the wind, can manipulate the wind flow patterns and velocity. Different urbanized areas have different building shapes and detailing, which can lead to diverse wind flow patterns and velocities, affecting pedestrian wind comfort (PWC). This study utilized wind Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique to investigate the influence of building models on wind velocity and its impact on PWC. The CFD simulation integrated with a 3D urbanized building model provided wind velocity values throughout the study area, which were used to analyze wind comfort at 1.75m elevation based on Beaufort wind force criteria. The study found that diverse effects due to different building detailing were observed, leading to multiple flow patterns and changes in wind velocity. The downstream building recorded a lower velocity value than the upstream building mainly because of wind flow separation from the building frontal. Wind comfort levels were represented using the Beaufort wind force scale (BWS), and all values fell in level 2 and 3, indicating good wind comfort level because of the BWS ≤ 3. This study highlights the significance of building models in determining wind flow patterns and velocity, which ultimately impacts PWC. Despite the study area involving multiple buildings with different shapes and detailing, the wind comfort levels were found to be suitable for pedestrians.
A bibliometric analysis of driving behaviour of commercial transport drivers: An African perspective
Authors: Barau Sani , Shah Muhammed Zaly , Farah Bayero Salih
Published: December 2023

Road traffic accident is highly correlated with the behaviour of who is behind the wheel. Reports have shown that Africa as a region leads in the rate of road traffic fatality globally. Despite the growing road safety challenges associated with commercial transport drivers in Africa, and the various interventions by stakeholders to minimise road traffic accidents, little attention is given to the prevalence of the adverse driving behaviour of commercial transport drivers. Consequently, this study, therefore, established a bibliometric analysis to obtain an in-depth understanding of the driving behaviour of commercial transport drivers in Africa. For this study, 219 articles between 1978 and May 21, 2023, extracted from the Scopus database and key bibliometric indicators were established which includes; publication trends, keywords on driving behaviour among commercial drivers, authors, institutions, citation and co-citation analysis, subject categories, and co-occurrence of terms. Furthermore, information collected in this study was analysed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software. The study showcased the views of researchers in terms of Accident risk factors, accident prevention analysis and accident proneness. However, the result revealed insufficient publications in both quantity and quality on commercial vehicle drivers’ behaviour despite the significant contribution of commercial drivers to accidents in Africa. This research established a new direction by linking drivers’ behaviour, and traffic safety with the commercial transport industry and understanding the factors and influence of drivers’ behaviour.
Exploring the Multidimensional Determinants of Local Economic Development in Rural Communities in Ghana: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Vorodam J B , Rashid M F , Misnan S H
Published: December 2023

Local economic development (LED) in rural communities is a vital aspect of achieving balanced national growth and enhancing the well-being of rural households. However, rural areas face unique challenges that necessitate a focused understanding of the determinants influencing their economic development. This paper aims to examine the determinants that influence LED in rural communities, comparing their importance and impact across different rural areas, understanding the interrelationships among these determinants, and providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and community leaders. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of survey data with a sample size of 911, this study investigates a diverse set of eight rural communities selected from four regions and four districts in Ghana. Quantitative data was collected to analyse demographic factors, economic indicators, and infrastructure characteristics of each community. Regression models, namely ordered logistic regression and ordered probit regression and factor analysis was employed to identify significant determinants and their interrelationships. The findings highlighted that the key determinants of LED in rural communities are economic capital, human capital, social and governance capital, cultural capital, infrastructure, and environmental capital. These identified key determinants were integrated as a framework for policymakers and community leaders to prioritize and design targeted interventions and policies that address the unique needs and challenges of rural areas. The findings highlight the significance of investing in human capital, economic resources, social and governance structures, cultural assets, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Hence, the study contributes to the academic literature on rural economics and serve as a foundation for further research in the field. By investigating the multidimensional determinants that influence LED in rural communities, this study aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for fostering employment creation, poverty reduction, sustainable development, reducing disparities, and enhancing the overall well-being of communities in rural areas.
Transformation of aboriginal communities towards the Regional Development of Iskandar Malaysia
Authors: Yusoff N S , Rashid M F
Published: December 2023

Natural resources have been home to the Aboriginal communities for hundreds of years. However, modernizations have transformed the natural resources into an urban area that changed the livelihood of an indigenous community. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impacts of regional development towards Aboriginal communities in Iskandar, Malaysia. Kampung Simpang Arang was selected as a case study. Kampung Simpang Arang is located in southeast Iskandar Malaysia, where the majority of the community was the Seletar tribe. The Seletar tribe is one of the earliest aboriginal communities settled as indigenous coastal communities. This village is selected due to its location within a 15 kilometres radius of high-impact projects such as Tanjung Pelepas Port, Legoland and Tuas Checkpoint. A total of 50 Aboriginal people in the village were involved in the household survey. The findings highlighted that the economic structure has developed from just fisheries and collecting forest products to the industrial sector. Other regional impacts identified towards the Seletar community are improved infrastructure, education, possession and health care and the low youth migration rate. Therefore, this study contributes to understanding the repercussions of regional development in Iskandar Malaysia on the socioeconomic structure and quality of life of the Seletar tribe, informing future policies and actions to address the needs and challenges.
A review on error-induced-building collapse at the construction stage in Lagos, Nigeria.
Authors: Alabi Olumuyiwa Michael , Mustaffa Nur Emma , Aminuddin Farrah Azwanee
Published: December 2023

The ever-increasing occurrence of building collapse with attendant loss of lives in recent years has called for serious concern in Nigeria. Hence, it has become necessary to strategically look into the issue with a spirited effort to provide measures to stem the tide of the occurrence. Moreover, errors in building construction sites during construction activities often bring about defects in the building, which usually result in failure and eventual collapse of the building if not discovered and addressed. Evidence has shown that most building collapses in Nigeria as well as around the globe resulted from occurrences of error during the construction stage; past researchers have primarily focused their searchlight on the occurrences of error at the pre-construction stage of building projects, neglecting the occurrence of errors at the construction stage and the danger it portrayed. Hence, the primary purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature and evaluate the occurrences of building errors at the construction stage of building projects as one of the major causes of repeated building collapse in Lagos, Nigeria. The data for the review were gathered through the records of past building collapses in Nigeria from 2009 to 2019. Tables and bar graphs were used for data presentations and analysis. The paper review shows that Lagos has the highest percentage of building collapse cases in Nigeria; it also reveals that the collapse was due to common errors occurring at the construction stage of building activities onsite. And it finally identifies those common errors inducing building collapses. Stakeholders in the building industry are to focus more attention on the construction stage of the building process. The review will serve as a conceptual development guideline to minimize construction errors during construction activities, thereby reducing incessant building collapse.
Towards a conceptual framework for application of computer vision in construction cost control
Authors: Madugu Abdullahi Abdulrasheed , Fikri Mohamed Sarajul , Shuaib Abdulrahman Rilwan , Abdullahi Maikano Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Construction projects have long been plagued by cost overruns, which can significantly impact project outcomes and stakeholder satisfaction. Recent advances in innovative technologies, including computer vision, have shown promise in improving construction project performance. Specifically, computer vision has been recommended as a powerful tool for enhancing cost management processes. Despite its potential, the application of computer vision in cost control for construction projects remains largely unexplored. This paper presents a conceptual framework for effectively leveraging computer vision to improve construction cost control. To achieve this objective, the paper will first review relevant literature on the application of computer vision in construction and construction cost control. The review will examine the existing research, identify knowledge gaps, and provide insights into the potential benefits of using computer vision in cost control. Next, the paper will propose a conceptual framework for integrating computer vision into the construction cost control process. The framework will be based on a thorough analysis of the various aspects of construction cost control and the potential applications of computer vision in each area.
The influence of labelled green building materials on the performance of green construction projects
Authors: Yousif Yousif , Misnan Mohd Saidin , Ismail Mohamad Zahierruden
Published: December 2023

Green buildings depend on the application of environmental protection standards and the preservation of natural resources. The need for environmentally friendly materials that rationalize electricity and water consumption, reduce pollution and use clean energy sources and recycled materials significantly arises. It raises the importance of developing and promoting green materials and the need to label them as green building materials. This paper discusses the important role of labelled green building materials in the construction industry in supporting the sustainable performance of in the construction sector and defining their standards and specifications when selected by stakeholders in the construction sector. A research method consisting of a review of the literature was applied in order to collect opinions and inputs related to green materials. Then a questionnaire was designed consisting of two lists, the first related to the demographic information of the participants in the questionnaire, while the second list related to the impact of sustainable materials on sustainable performance in green building projects, the list consists of 13 questions was distributed to study the impact of the availability of labelled green materials on the green construction project team and in rising the sustainable performance in the construction sector as well as its environmental, economic and social benefits. The results of the study showed the importance of the abundance of labelled green building materials in raising sustainable performance in green construction projects, which calls for manufacturers and suppliers to move towards supporting the construction market with labelled green products that achieve an abundance of this type of products in the market and support the green supply chain.
Factor Contributing to Unsuccessful Customary Land Development in Sabah: Lesson for Sustainable Solution.
Authors: Celesistinus K , Zakaria S R A
Published: December 2023

Customary land is a valuable resource that holds significant importance for indigenous communities and society. Development of this land can play a significant role in promoting economic growth. Unfortunately, many of the development project planned on this region have fail to achieve sustainable development objective which led to rejection from the indigenous peoples. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the factors that contribute to the failure of development projects on customary land. This paper serves as a preliminary study on the village along the Ulu Papar River. A qualitative method of in-depth interview was carried out involving 50 respondents comprising the villagers. The results indicate that inadequate community consultation and limited local participation to be the main factor behind the issues. The results of this study showed that there are three possible reason i) the absence of cultural priority guidelines; ii) the absence of clear development procedures; iii) lack of opportunities and involvement of indigenous peoples in government development programs. By understanding these factors, valuable lessons can be learned to guide future endeavours and promote sustainable solutions. Ultimately, this research highlights the importance of understanding the unique cultural and social context of customary land to design effective sustainable development project.
Study on the spatial characteristics of urban heritage in Xi’an city’s historical core area
Authors: Jia Qinghua , Syed Mahdzar Sharifah Salwa , Binti Shaharuddin Shahariah Norain
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the spatial characteristics of urban heritage in the historical core area of Xi’an, China. The focus of the research is on the in-depth analysis of the changes in urban form in various historical stages, the functional distribution of urban heritage that remains, and the evolution of the boundaries, centres, and axes of urban space. These factors are the main elements that constitute the core of the city. Through in-depth analysis, we can clearly outline the evolution path of urban space in historical continuation and era change. This study adopts comprehensive research methods, including literature analysis, map visualisation, map overlay, and multiple research methods such as space syntax analysis. From the perspectives of functional complexity, spatial continuity, and space syntax, it comprehensively and systematically expounds and studies whether the spatial characteristics of urban heritage sites have gradually lost their core status in the process of urbanization. Such research can not only better understand and recognise the intrinsic value of urban heritage but also provide valuable experience for the sustainable development of urban heritage. The research results are of great significance to heritage protection, urban planning, and policy formulation and help to protect cultural heritage, guide urban planning, and provide substantive recommendations to policymakers.
Exploring bundle bamboo split technique in bending dendrocalamus asper for landscape structure
Authors: Zaidi Meor Razali Meor Abdullah , Mohamad Sapura , Lee L. Y. , Abd Rashid Mohd Sabrizaa , Othman Ahmad Mazlan
Published: December 2023

Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing natural construction materials and is locally available in most developing countries, including South America, Africa, and Asia. Bamboo is a “green gold” plant in the tropical forest. It is a fast-growing monocotyledon species belonging to the Gramineae family (Bambusoideae) and requires a short time for re-production. Bamboo’s physical strength provides builders from ancient times until today an opportunity to use bamboo as a natural and sustainable construction material for building houses and structures. Due to its capability to bend, bamboo is the most preferred material in vernacular construction and lately in Southeast Asia countries which borne new trend in building design. The built-environment professionals, namely landscape architects, architects, and engineers in Malaysia, still lack knowledge of bamboo, especially on bending capabilities, as one of the sustainable construction materials. Less concern was given to researching the capabilities of bamboo’s ability to bend, even though its strength is more than steel and provides various design opportunities compared to other sustainable materials. Different types of bamboo present different strength capacities. Therefore, the aims of this research is to compare and determine their strength capacity, bending criteria and species suitability for design and construction in Malaysia. This paper collects published literature on experimental studies on the different methods of Hot and Cold Bending Methods which allow bamboo to bend to suit designer needs and concentrate on Malaysian Dendrocalamus asper (Buluh Betung), which considered as tough and durable species, as the primary construction material for landscape structures. Bundle Bamboo Split (BBS), identified as one of the bending techniques adopted for an experimental project, using BBS of 0.8m radius, produces a prototype for a landscape structure. The findings indicate observation of works by a team of craftsmen trained by an expert in bamboo construction who used to produce bamboo structures from Bali, Indonesia, highlighted tools and procedures in bamboo construction. In short, this paper will also enhance the use of bamboo as an accessible, durable, creative and sustainable construction material that represents the local identity of Tropical Malaysia Landscape Architecture.
An Insight of Antimicrobial Resistance in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry System (ICLFS). A Mini Review
Authors: Dewi R R , Nuryawan A , Sihombing J M , Tambunan I J , Berliana Y
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the major public health issues ofthe twenty-first century that poses a threat to human, animal and environment. Antibiotic abuseand misuse have contributed to the recent rise in AMR, and the usage of antibiotics in food-producing animal has selected for and spread resistant microorganisms. The high demand of meat to fulfill the worldwide population may force the farmer to employed the antibiotics in livestock production due to diseases obstacle. The integrated systems are one of the many systems utilized in the management of livestock enterprises. This mini review aimed to providea scenario of the state of the AMR development in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry System (ICLFS) related to antibiotic application in the livestock and impact of antibiotic resistance in the system where animal, environment and human are interconnected.
Unleashing the Potential of Indigenous Malaysian High Lean Beef Cattle (Kedah-Kelantan) for Steak Preparation
Authors: Shahrai N N , Yusop S M , Othman N S , Babji A S , Maskat M Y , Kamalludin M H , Razali A F
Published: December 2023

Lean beef refers to cuts with lower fat, appealing to those watching fat intake. This study was conducted to assess ribeye steak from Malaysian High Lean Beef (Kedah-Kelantan) against Wagyu, Angus, Brahman, focusing on physicochemical and sensory aspects. Steaks were cut with 2.5cm thicknesses, were frozen at -20°C. KK’s meat quality matched Angus and Brahman but differ with Wagyu, especially for tenderness. Wagyu displayed the highest intramuscular fat (IMF), crude fat (CF; 39.50%), and lowest crude protein (CP; 15.78%). KK had the highest CP%; 19.18% as known having less marbled meat. Cooked steaks showed higher L* (lightness) and a* (redness), lower b* (yellowness). KK had lower water holding capacity (WHC). Sensory analysis showed moderate acceptance of KK by 30 untrained panellists. While KK’s ribeye potential falls below Wagyu, it was comparable to Angus and Brahman. Improving KK’s quality via meat technology is crucial for better consumer satisfaction, particularly in texture improvement.
Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Processed Palm Kernel Meal with Protease Enzyme as a Substitution for Rice Bran on Broiler Performance
Authors: Pangesti W A , Nahrowi  , Hermana W , Setiyono A
Published: December 2023

Rice Bran is the most basic and common raw material used in broiler feed, but its replacement with proceed palm kernel meal (palmofeed) adding with enzyme protease is not clearly evaluated. This study was conducted to evaluate the improvement of nutritional quality of proceed palm kernel meal with protease enzyme as a substitution for rice bran. Rice bran 7.85% and feed reformulation of proceed palm kernel meal with protease enzyme 7.85% on broiler performance and IOFC. A total 120 female broilers DOC CP 707 were randomly allocated into 2 treatments with 6 replicates and 10 birds per pen. Treatments were a control (T0) using standard diet nutrient requirement with 7.85% rice bran, treatment (T1) with feed reformulation of proceed palm kernel meal with protease enzyme 7.85%. The diets were fed in two phases as pre-starter (day 1-7) and grower to finisher (day 8-35). Compared to T0, the result showed that replacement rice bran 7.85% by feed reformulation of proceed palm kernel meal with protease enzyme 7.85% were not significantly (P<0.05) increase body weight (2194 and 2199) or weight gain (2151 and 2155), lower FCR (1.844 and 1.814) or mortality-corrected feed conversion ratio (mFCR) (1.326 and 1.375), performance index/PI (474 and 457) and IOFC (850, 491 and 922, 738). These data showed substitution of rice bran with processed palm kernel meal with enzyme protease does not has a negative impact on performance and is proven to be profitable from the point of view of IOFC business analysis.
Activity Test of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Against the Eggs of Ostertagia sp. In Peranakan Etawa Goats In Vivo
Authors: Ginting N , Azis F , Budi U
Published: December 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are widely recognized as a significant impediment to the achievement of optimal sheep production outcomes. The management of these parasites is predominantly dependent on the utilization of chemical anthelmintics. In recent decades, there has been a growing concern regarding the emergence of anthelmintic resistance across different categories of anthelmintics, as well as the issue of drug residues in animal products. Consequently, there has been a renewed interest in exploring medicinal plants as a potential alternative source of anthelmintics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the anthelmintic effectiveness of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) steenis uses scientifically established in vivo on PE goats. The treatments applied in this study were made up of binahong leaf extract at concentrations of 0 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 15 mg/ml. The variable subject study was the efficacy of binahong leaf extract on Ostertagia sp. eggs. The findings of the investigation on the extract derived from binahong leaves exhibited a significant impact on diminishing the quantity of Ostertagia sp. eggs. The binahong leaf extract concentration of 15mg/ml exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing worm eggs, resulting in a reduction rate of 97.5%.
Female Reproductive Organ Monitoring (FROM) as a method of enhancing livestock reproduction
Authors: Duran P G , Hufana-Duran D
Published: December 2023

Low conception rate, long calving interval, and poor calf production limits the profitability of livestock production keeping food security a concern. In the ASEAN region, artificial insemination (AI) remains the most common reproductive biotechnology used for livestock breeding to produce up-graded and genetically superior animals that could address the need for food and income to the rural farming communities. Field technicians play a crucial role in carrying out AI to enhance reproduction especially in the remote areas. While ultrasonography emerged as an efficient tool to check the reproductive organ of animals for efficient reproduction, the cost of the machine hinders its availability and access by Field technicians. Skills on palpation per rectum of the ovarian dynamics and tonicity of the uterus are important assets. This paper discusses the importance of Female Reproductive Organ Monitoring or FROM in the economical and efficient application of AI in the field and enhance livestock reproduction. Strategies to develop the skills of AI practitioners are outlined to come out to skilled technicians who could execute an accurately check the reproductive status of the animals and determine the perfect time to carry out an effective and efficient AI. This method is helpful in determining the timing of AI making the resources, time and efforts of the technicians maximized and livestock production more efficient.
Comparability of Pregnancy Specific Protein-B (PSPB) Concentration in Serum and Urine of Kedah-Kelantan (KK) Cattle
Authors: Hanafiah N A , Mat K , Rusli N D , Hasnita C H , Rahman M M
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of serum and urine PSPB levels based on different biomarkers, such as serum and urine. Serum PSPB levels significantly increased from day 0 to day 164 (P<0.05). However, the PSPB urine concentration through the ELISA test showed higher concentration and reached the sensitivity of the ELISA test from Day 0 until Day 164 after AI. The results of urine biomarkers at Day 0, Day 42, and Day 164 were not significant (P>0.05). Serum PSPB production begins to be established after day 24 of parturition due to embryonic development. Furthermore, the urine PSPB concentration is considered an abundant protein circulating in the animal body and ready to be excreted in the urine. In this study, the ELISA test was unsuitable for detecting pregnancy. However, urine biomarkers can potentially become biomarkers by studying the range of concentrations of PSPB that can be considered pregnancy. In addition, the PSPB protein allows for more prolonged survival in the bovine body and decreases gradually from the 22nd to the 54th day after calving. The results demonstrate that PSPB can detect pregnancy early in pregnancy using biomarkers and evolution. Therefore, this study could be improved by examining PSPB levels of pregnant and non-pregnant cattle.
Solar-Powered Peltier-Based Air Cooler and Warmer in Medical Systems
Authors: Arjun Kumar GB , Balamurugan M , Sunil Kumar KN , Gatti Ravi , Ganesh P , Kotwal Tasnim Sallauddin
Published: December 2023

Presently, there are many more commercial applications for thermoelectric Peltier coolers, notably portable air/water refrigerators, electronics cooling processes, thermal management systems in medical applications, and others. Thus, the goal of this project is to develop an experimentally-based optimisation procedure for powered by sunlight peltier-based air conditioners and heaters for use in hospitals that are capable of running continuously. This enables patients to cook meals in the heating element and keep drugs in the cold compartment inside the cooler, both functions being incorporated into one model while also reducing the device’s dimensions and requirement for space. In this study, a model that employs perturb and observe (P&O) approaches applied to solar systems under constant and partially shady circumstances was powered by the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methodology. Additionally, the Internet of Things modules offer user and autonomous management, while the entire system is tracked and shown on an OLED. An appropriate number of modules also reduces the expense per cooling unit for Peltier coolers and warmers.
Development of a Surveillance Robot with a Rocker Bogie Design for Versatile Terrain Navigation
Authors: Sreevidya T R , Pathak Nishant , Shukla Sampurna Nand , Giri Saurav , Yashovardhan
Published: December 2023

This project focuses on the design and development of a multi-terrain robot based on the rocker bogie mechanism. The robot is equipped with a camera, GPS module, Wi-Fi module, ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection, and gas sensors for detecting carbon monoxide, methane, smoke levels, and AQI. It utilizes internet connectivity to transmit data and presents the collected information through a website dashboard. The project explores the potential applications of the robot, including surveillance, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, industrial inspections, and agriculture. The integration of various sensors and connectivity capabilities allows for real-time monitoring and analysis of critical data in challenging terrains and environments.
Smart Greenhouse and Warehouse Monitoring with Disease Detection using Machine Learning
Authors: Savitha P B , Rai Ayushi , Singh Niharika , Keshav Chinmayi C , Neelambike VG
Published: December 2023

Global climatic changes in the recent era have resulted in a significant global food shortage. Where there is a vast population and a diverse agricultural sector, food security is a major problem. Growing competition for land, water, and energy will undermine our capital food production, and the effect of climate change will continue to be a challenge. The integrated greenhouse and warehouse provide quality and sustainable food production. In this paper an integrated green house with warehouse monitoring hardware implementation, with novel feature of customized disease detection with convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm is presented. The real time monitoring of data of different sensors are displayed on the screen/ dashboard developed by the android application. This aids farmers in making wise choices on crop management and disease detection of greenhouse crops and effective monitoring.
Design and Implementation of IoT based PV Integrated Power Monitoring System
Authors: Brinda S , Singh Rajdeep , Savitha P B , Singh Raunak , Ahmad Tamseel
Published: December 2023

The awareness of usage of power and effective utilization of power is based on intelligent decision, which can help the user as well as supplier. In this paper the design and implementation of IOT based PV integrated system is presented. A hardware prototype is developed with PV module connected to boost converter, Arduino Uno controller, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module, and Thing speak to monitor a real-time power. The Arduino Uno serves as the central controller, gathering data from smart power meters and PV modules for solar energy generation. The collected data is wirelessly delivered to the ThingSpeak, which provides cloud-based storage, data analysis, and visualization. With these users may remotely monitor usage of power, track solar energy generation, and get notifications for energy utilization.
Using artificial neural networks to model single bead geometries processed by laser-wire direct energy deposition
Authors: Asadi Reza , Queguineur Antoine , Ylä-Autio Aapo , Martikkala Antti , Wiikinkoski Olli , Mokhtarian Hossein , Flores Ituarte Iñigo
Published: December 2023

Wire-feed laser additive manufacturing processes have gained researchers’ attention because of their potential to reduce material waste, guarantee accuracy, increase material quality and density, and produce a wide dimensional range of final products. Nevertheless, printing materials with desired geometrical properties of the beads is still challenging in such processes. This might be attributed to the need for more sufficient experimental data and precise modeling approaches. In this study, an architecture based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is developed to model the bead geometries (width, height, and area), considering the wire feed rate, laser power, and travel speed as process parameters. A design-of-experiment based on full factorial design is considered for processing single beads with a Fraunhofer coaxial wire-feed laser system. Inconel 625 wire with a diameter of 1.14 mm and stainless steel substrate are utilized as the experimental materials. Geometrical data is obtained using a laser scanner model RA-7525 SE with 0.026mm volumetric accuracy. The beads’ geometrical details are provided as the feeding data for the proposed ANN. For each bead, a length of 10 mm is considered to calculate the average geometrical parameters, which increases the accuracy of the dataset in comparison to the values acquired via a macroscopic picture of the cross-section of each weld bead. A variety of hyperparameters are chosen and compared regarding precision criteria, including Mean Square Error (MSE), to increase the model‘s accuracy. A train-test separation strategy is considered to evaluate the model‘s accuracy on independent data points. The outcome of this research is an ANN-based geometry prediction model that can be utilized to enhance the development of offline path planners and optimize process parameter selection for a precise geometry toward process control.
Multi sensor monitoring of the wire-melt pool interaction in hot-wire directed energy deposition using laser beam
Authors: Kisielewicz A , Mi Y , Sikström F , Ancona A
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the combination of three sensors to improve in-process monitoring of the liquid bridge between the feedstock wire and melt pool in hot-wire Directed Energy Deposition using Laser Beam. The stability of the deposition process relies on the transfer of metal between the molten feedstock wire and melt pool. Therefore, monitoring the condition of the liquid bridge and the interaction between the feedstock wire and melt pool is crucial. By utilizing a laser-optics-integrated visible range optical spectrometer and electrical sensors measuring voltage and current, relevant process changes and indications of instabilities were detected. Combined information from the current sensor and the spectrometer provided a better understanding of the process and helped to identify deviations leading to unstable deposition modes.
Laser welding monitoring with multisensory data fusion: A brief review
Authors: Hsu Li-Wei , Salminen Antti
Published: December 2023

As digital manufacturing is being implemented across industries, the automation of the laser welding process is a crucial step to enhance production efficiency. To monitor the in-situ welding process, there are several approaches to detect the electromagnetic and mechanical waves on various frequencies for comprehending laser beam-material interaction. Five sensing techniques, namely the optical microphone, welding camera, inline coherent imaging, infrared camera, and heat flux sensor, can be employed to identify distinct features in the laser welding process. These features include pore formation, melt pool geometry, weld bead topography, keyhole depth, and thermal distribution. The discussion of a proposed welding system designed with compatibility for multisensory data fusion is included, both on its capabilities and potential challenges, to offer guidance of welding monitoring.
Laser welding of additively manufactured parts - A review
Authors: Parchegani Saeid , Piili Heidi , Ganvir Ashish , Salminen Antti
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a process in which parts are built up layer by layer, introducing novel approaches to how parts can be manufactured with less material waste, shorter lead times and lower costs than traditional manufacturing. One of the key advantages of AM over conventional manufacturing is its design flexibility, which enables for manufacturing of parts with highly detailed geometries in one go, leaving out the need for molding, casting, etc. However, due to the chamber size of the machines, the size of AM parts is limited. To overcome this limitation, joining AM parts together or to wrought or cast material has been proposed. Among the various welding technologies, laser welding is considered a suitable candidate for joining AM parts because of its low heat input, resulting in low deformation, high welding speed, and full automation capability. This study will provide a fundamental understanding of laser welding of AM parts by reviewing current research in the field. The possibility of joining most commonly used AM parts such as AlSi10Mg, AISI 316L, Ti6Al4V and Nickel alloy 718 by laser welding are investigated. Furthermore, the effect of laser welding parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of joined AM parts are discussed.
Using ultrasonic atomization to recycle aluminium bronze chips for additive laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Müller Vinzenz , Fasselt Janek Maria , Kruse Tobias , Klötzer Christian , Kleba-Ehrhardt Rafael , Choma Tomasz , Biegler Max , Rethmeier Michael
Published: December 2023

In the post-processing of large maritime components, a considerable amount of waste in the form of milling and grinding chips is produced. At the same time, additive manufacturing technologies have shown great potential in producing high-volume parts for maritime applications, allowing novel design approaches and short lead times. In this context, this study presents a sustainable approach to recycle and use aluminium bronze waste material, generated during post-processing of large cast ship propellers, as feedstock for laser-powder directed energy deposition. The recycling technology used to produce powder batches is inductive re-melting in combination with ultrasonic atomization. The derived metal powders are characterized using digital image analysis, powder flowability tests, scanning electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Compared to conventional metal powders produced by gas atomization, the recycled material shows excellent sphericity and a powder size distribution with a higher content of finer and coarser particles. Metallographic sections of deposited additively produced specimens show an increased hardness and reduced ductility, but also competitive densities and higher yield and ultimate tensile strength compared to cast material. The process chain shows high potential for the maritime sector to enable circular and sustainable manufacturing.