bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of Water‐Soluble NHC Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Schaper Lars‐Arne , Hock Sebastian J. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: March 2013

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation and Related Reactions of Renewable Resources
Authors: Behr A. , Vorholt A. J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Telomerization of 1,3‐Dienes with Multifunctional Renewable Substrates: Versatile Routes for the Valorization of Biomass‐Derived Platform Molecules
Authors: Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Jastrzebski Robin , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis of Renewable Platform Chemicals
Authors: de Espinosa Lucas Montero , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: March 2013

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Alkene Metathesis in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Product
Authors: Lei Xiaoguang , Li Houhua
Published: March 2013

Review: 102 refs.
Multimodal imaging of tumor response to sorafenib combined with radiation therapy: comparison between diffusion‐weighted MRI, choline spectroscopy and 18F‐FLT PET imaging
Authors: Karroum Oussama , Mignion Lionel , Kengen Julie , Karmani Linda , Levêque Philippe , Danhier Pierre , Magat Julie , Bol Anne , Labar Daniel , Grégoire Vincent , Bouzin Caroline , Feron Olivier , Gallez Bernard , Jordan Bénédicte F.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of different imaging modalities, that is, magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), to assess early tumor response to sorafenib with or without radiotherapy. Diffusion‐weighted (DW)‐MRI, choline 1H MRS at 11.7 T, and 18F‐FLT PET imaging were used to image fibrosarcoma (FSaII) tumor‐bearing mice over time. The imaging markers were compared with apoptosis cell death and cell proliferation measurements assessed by histology. Anti‐proliferative effects of sorafenib were evidenced by 1H MRS and 18F‐FLT PET after 2 days of treatment with sorafenib, with no additional effect of the combination with radiation therapy, results that are in agreement with Ki67 staining. Apparent diffusion coefficient calculated using DW‐MRI was not modified after 2 days of treatment with sorafenib, but showed significant increase 24 h after 2 days of sorafenib treatment combined with consecutive irradiation. The three imaging markers were able to show early tumor response as soon as 24 h after treatment initiation, with choline MRS and 18F‐FLT being sensitive to sorafenib in monotherapy as well as in combined therapy with irradiation, whereas DW‐MRI was only sensitive to the combination of sorafenib with radiotherapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative needle study: EUS‐FNA procedures using the HD ProCore™ and EchoTip® 22‐gauge needle types
Authors: Witt Benjamin L. , Adler Douglas G. , Hilden Kristen , Layfield Lester J.
Published: March 2013

The specific needle sizes/types used in performing endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirations (EUS‐FNA) vary. The HD ProCore™ is a 22‐gauge beveled needle allowing for core biopsy along with aspiration material. In this study we compare this needle with a standard 22‐gauge needle. Between April 1, 2011 and November 15, 2011, 18 patients undergoing EUS‐FNA using the HD ProCore™ needle were compared to a control group of 18 cases using the standard 22‐gauge needle. Smears were assessed for: three‐dimensional clusters, thick obscuring clusters, monolayer sheets, cellularity, crowded obscuring single cells, blood, and nuclear staining. Cell blocks were assessed for cellularity and presence of diagnostic material. Records were reviewed for the overall adequacy, number of FNA passes, and patient follow‐up. Overall, the two needle groups demonstrated similar results for the cytology parameters, amount of diagnostic cell block material, adequacy, and accuracy. The mean number of passes to achieve adequacy varied between the groups [2.94 for the standard 22‐gauge needle group versus 2.11 for the beveled needle group (P=0.03)] with no meaningful difference in case duration between needle groups. No complications were reported. The beveled EUS needle affords similar cytologic interpretability, adequacy, diagnostic accuracy, and amount of cell block material as a standard needle. There was a statistically significant trend toward fewer passes to achieve adequacy with the beveled EUS‐FNA needle. Therefore, the EUS‐FNA needle with a lateral bevel is a diagnostically similar alternative to standard endoscopy needles, the possibility that this beveled needle may improve per pass adequacy requires further verification. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:1069–1074. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Androgen action at the target musculature regulates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor protein in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus
Authors: Verhovshek Tom , Sengelaub Dale R.
Published: March 2013

We have previously demonstrated that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) interacts with testosterone to regulate dendritic morphology of motoneurons in the highly androgen‐sensitive spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB). Additionally, in adult male rats testosterone regulates BDNF in SNB motoneurons and its target muscle, the bulbocavernosus (BC). Because BDNF is retrogradely transported from skeletal muscles to spinal motoneurons, we hypothesized that testosterone could regulate BDNF in SNB motoneurons by acting locally at the BC muscle. To test this hypothesis, we restricted androgen manipulation to the SNB target musculature. After castration, BDNF immunolabeling in SNB motoneurons was maintained at levels similar to those of gonadally intact males by delivering testosterone treatment directly to the BC muscle. When the same implant was placed interscapularly in castrated males it was ineffective in supporting BDNF immunolabeling in SNB motoneurons. Furthermore, BDNF immunolabeling in gonadally intact adult males given the androgen receptor blocker hydroxyflutamide delivered directly to the BC muscle was decreased compared with that of gonadally intact animals that had the same hydroxyflutamide implant placed interscapularly, or when compared with castrated animals that had testosterone implants at the muscle. These results demonstrate that the BC musculature is a critical site of action for the androgenic regulation of BDNF in SNB motoneurons and that it is both necessary and sufficient for this action. Furthermore, the local action of androgens at the BC muscle in regulating BDNF provides a possible mechanism underlying the interactive effects of testosterone and BDNF on motoneuron morphology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 587–598, 2013
CD137 ligand signaling enhances myelopoiesis during infections
Authors: Tang Qianqiao , Jiang Dongsheng , Alonso Sylvie , Pant Aakansha , Martínez Gómez Julia M. , Kemeny David Michael , Chen Lieping , Schwarz Herbert
Published: March 2013

CD137 and its ligand are expressed in the BM, and conflicting data exist on the regulation of myelopoiesis by the CD137 receptor–ligand system. CD137−/− mice have increased numbers of myeloid cells in the BM, indicating an inhibitory influence of CD137 on myelopoiesis. However, CD137 also induces proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and their myeloid differentiation, arguing for an enhancing effect. Here we hypothesized that this latter case represents the situation during infections since expression of CD137 is activation dependent and strongly enhanced during inflammation. Indeed, infections with Influenza, Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium bovis, Bacille Calmette‐Guérin or Escherichia coli or i.p. injection of LPS led to increased numbers of CD137‐expressing cells, especially of CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice. Coculture experiments confirmed that CD137 expression enables CD4+ T cells to induce proliferation and myeloid differentiation of BM and hematopoietic progenitor cells. CD137 also enhances myelopoiesis in vivo since the infection‐induced increase in myeloid cell proliferation and total myeloid cell numbers in the BM were significantly lower in CD137−/− mice. This study reconciles earlier conflicting data by demonstrating that while CD137–CD137L interactions inhibit myelopoiesis during steady‐state conditions they increase myelopoiesis during infection.
SnCl2‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Alcohols with Carbon and Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Masuyama Yoshiro , Hayashi Miki , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: March 2013

A weak Lewis acid, tin(II) chloride, which is insensitive to water and air, functioned as a catalyst for the propargylic substitution of secondary propargylic alcohols with carbon nucleophiles, such as electron‐rich arenes, heteroarenes, and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and nitrogen nucleophiles, such as sulfonamides, carbamates, and carboxamides, at 40–80 °C in CH3NO2 under air and exhibited a higher catalytic activity than tin(II) bromide or iodide in the propargylic substitution of 1‐phenyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol with anisole at 40 °C in CH3NO2. The solubility of tin(II) fluoride in CH3NO2 would have to be extremely low to cause no propargylic substitution. 1‐Phenyl‐substituted propargylic alcohols readily reacted with all these nucleophiles, whereas 1‐(4‐cyanophenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol and 1‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol did not react at all with 1,2,3‐trimethoxybenzene even in CH3NO2 at reflux. The 1‐alkyl‐substituted secondary propargylic alcohol, 1,5‐diphenyl‐1‐pentyn‐3‐ol, underwent SnCl2‐catalyzed propargylic substitution with electron‐rich arenes and amides, although the reaction was slow even at 80 °C in CH3NO2. Thus, the SnCl2‐catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction is dependent upon the stability of the propargylic carbenium ion formed upon elimination of hydroxide from the corresponding propargylic alcohol.
Synthesis of a Difunctionalized Pillar[6]arene and Its Complexation with an Ammonium Salt Coupled to a Weakly Coordinating Counteranion
Authors: Han Chengyou , Gao Lingyan , Yu Guocan , Zhang Zibin , Dong Shengyi , Huang Feihe
Published: March 2013

A pillar[5]arene[1]quinone and a difunctionalized pillar[6]arene were synthesized. Their application in host–guest chemistry was investigated by using 1‐adamantanylammonium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (3), which possesses a weakly coordinating counteranion, as a model guest. These hosts showed different binding affinities for 3 with different association constants.
Mass spectrometric peptide analysis of 2DE‐separated mouse spinal cord and rat hippocampus proteins suggests an NGxG motif of importance for in vivo deamidation
Authors: Mikkat Stefan , Kischstein Timo , Kreutzer Michael , Glocker Michael O.
Published: March 2013

Asparagine deamidation is a common nonenzymatic post‐translational modification comprising the conversion of asparaginyl residues to aspartyl and isoaspartyl residues, respectively. As a result an additional negative charge is introduced that can affect the tertiary structure as well as the biological activity of a protein. Since deamidation reduces the protein's pI value, differentially deamidated forms of a protein can be separated in 2D gels. We have analyzed a dataset of 430 protein spots from 2D gels that contained mouse spinal cord proteins and estimated that roughly 10% of the spots in a Coomassie‐stained gel derive from in vivo deamidation at particular asparaginyl residues. Several of the deamidated protein forms, e.g. tropomodulin‐2, V‐type proton ATPase subunit B, and protein disulfide‐isomerase A3 were also found in 2D gels of proteins extracted from rat hippocampus. All identified deamidation sites contained a glycine residue on the carboxyl side of the asparaginyl residue. Strikingly, a second glycine residue at the +3 position was found in the majority of the deamidated peptides. We propose that the NGxG motif confers exceptional susceptibility to in vivo asparagine deamidation.
Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical proteomic applications
Authors: Stalmach Angelique , Albalat Amaya , Mullen William , Mischak Harald
Published: March 2013

Proteome analysis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) has been used in a number of clinical applications in the past years. The main focus of CE‐MS‐based studies has been on the investigation of urine, due to the stability of the urinary proteome, ease of collection, and also the low molecular weight range of the urinary proteome, mostly peptides below 30 kDa. The reproducibility of this approach has enabled analysis of over 20 000 samples in a comparable way, giving enormous statistical power to any additional study involving this methodological setup. In this article, we review the major technological issues associated with the application of CE‐MS in the routine investigation of the urinary proteome for clinical applications. We pinpoint recent developments that may have a chance to improve on the currently used approach, and highlight obstacles that need to be solved. In the second part of the article, we review the recent clinical applications, aiming to highlight relevant issues, and possible future routine applications in clinical diagnosis. In the end, we provide a short outlook, and indicate future developments to be expected, as well as problems that need to be solved to enable routine application of CE‐MS in a clinical setting.
Mechanisms of Solid Fuel Conversion by Chemical‐Looping Combustion (CLC) using Manganese Ore: Catalytic Gasification by Potassium Compounds
Authors: Keller Martin , Leion Henrik , Mattisson Tobias
Published: March 2013

Chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology that can be used to meet the growing demands for electrical energy production without CO2 emissions. In CLC with solid fuels, the gasification of the carbonaceous fuel by steam is envisaged to be performed directly in the fuel reactor. This requires high steam‐gasification rates for the effective use of the solid fuel. Recently, it has been observed that the choice of oxygen carrier can have a profound effect on the char‐conversion rates in the fuel reactor. More specifically, the char‐conversion rate with a Brazilian manganese ore was a factor of five higher than that with ilmenite. In this work, the reaction mechanism of the char gasification was investigated in the presence of this manganese ore with the aim to explain the high rates observed. Steam‐gasification experiments with petroleum coke were performed by using a batch fluidized‐bed reactor with manganese ore as the bed material. In addition, partial gasification experiments of petroleum coke were conducted, and detailed energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed on the surface and interior of the fuel and manganese‐ore particles. The effect of the possible gas‐phase release of oxygen from the manganese ore was also investigated. It was found that the release of gas‐phase oxygen by the oxygen carrier does not explain the high gasification rates observed. Instead, the transfer of a catalytically active material, potassium, from the bed material to the solid fuel was observed, which in turn catalysed the steam–carbon‐gasification reaction. As the catalytically active compound is included in this naturally occurring bed material, it may offer cost‐efficient, catalytic gasification in a CLC process.
A thermodynamic and dynamic subgrid closure model for two‐material cells
Authors: Sun Mingyu
Published: March 2013

A general and robust subgrid closure model for two‐material cells is proposed. The conservative quantities of the entire cell are apportioned between two materials, and then, pressure and velocity are fully or partially equilibrated by modeling subgrid wave interactions. An unconditionally stable and entropy‐satisfying solution of the processes has been successfully found. The solution is valid for arbitrary level of relaxation. The model is numerically designed with care for general materials and is computationally efficient without recourse to subgrid iterations or subcycling in time. The model is implemented and tested in the Lagrange‐remap framework. Two interesting results are observed in 1D tests. First, on the basis of the closure model without any pressure and velocity relaxation, a material interface can be resolved without creating numerical oscillations and/or large nonphysical jumps in the problem of the modified Sod shock tube. Second, the overheating problem seen near the wall surface can be solved by the present entropy‐satisfying closure model. The generality, robustness, and efficiency of the model make it useful in principle in algorithms, such as ALE methods, volume of fluid methods, and even some mixture models, for compressible two‐phase flow computations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression, disability and functional status among community‐dwelling older adults in South Africa: evidence from the first South African National Income Dynamics Study
Authors: Tomita Andrew , Burns Jonathan K.
Published: March 2013

Objectives

This study examined the relationship between depression and functional status among a community‐dwelling older population of 65 years and older in South Africa.

Method

Data from the first wave of the South African National Income Dynamics Study were used, this being the first longitudinal panel survey of a nationally representative sample of households. The study focused on the data for resident adults 65 years and older (n = 1,429). Depression was assessed using the 10‐item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Functional status, pertaining to both difficulty and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and physical functioning and mobility (PFM), were assessed using 11 items.

Results

Functional challenges were generally higher in the older age group. There was a significant association between depression and functional dependence in ADL (adjusted OR = 2.57 [CI: 1.03–6.41]), IADL (adjusted OR = 2.76 [CI: 1.89–4.04]), and PFM (adjusted OR = 1.66 [CI: 1.18–2.33]), but the relationship between depression and functional status, particularly PFM, appeared weaker in older age.

Conclusion

The relationship between depression symptoms and function is complex. Functional characteristics between older and younger old populations are diverse, and caution is indicated against overgeneralizing the challenges related to depression and function among this target population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
B‐type olivine fabric and mantle wedge serpentinization beneath the Ryukyu arc
Authors: McCormack Kimberly , Wirth Erin A. , Long Maureen D.
Published: March 2013

Subduction is a fundamental Earth process, yet many aspects of subduction systems remain to be fully understood. Here we present anisotropic receiver function (RF) analysis to characterize the structure of the mantle wedge beneath the Ryukyu subduction zone. Radial and transverse P‐to‐S RFs computed for eight broadband stations yield evidence for coherent P‐to‐SV conversions originating at the top of the subducting slab. We also observe conversions on the transverse component RFs that are consistent with the presence of multiple anisotropic layers, with structure varying significantly along strike. Forward modeling of observations at station ZMM in the center of the Ryukyu arc yields evidence for a ~6 km thick layer of strongly anisotropic material, most likely serpentinite, directly above the subducting slab and likely B‐type olivine fabric in the shallow mantle wedge.
Secondary planetary waves in the middle and upper atmosphere following the stratospheric sudden warming event of January 2012
Authors: Chandran A. , Garcia R. R. , Collins R. L. , Chang L. C.
Published: March 2013

The role of planetary waves in causing stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) is well understood and quantified. However, recent studies have indicated that secondary planetary waves are excited in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere following SSWs. We use a version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model constrained by reanalysis data below 50 km to simulate the SSW of January 2012, a minor warming followed by the formation of an elevated stratopause. We document the occurrence of enhanced Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere associated with faster, secondary westward‐propagating planetary waves of wave number 1 and period <10 days. We confirm the presence of these secondary planetary waves using observations made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using the Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument onboard NASA's Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite.
Sustained retreat of the Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Park J. W. , Gourmelen N. , Shepherd A. , Kim S. W. , Vaughan D. G. , Wingham D. J.
Published: March 2013

We use satellite observations to show that, between 1992 and 2011, the Pine Island Glacier hinge line retreated at a rate of 0.95 ± 0.09 km yr−1 despite a progressive steepening and shoaling of the glacier surface and bedrock slopes, respectively, which ought to impede retreat. The retreat has remained constant because the glacier terminus has thinned at an accelerating rate of 0.53 ± 0.15 m yr−2, with comparable changes upstream. This acceleration is consistent with an intensification of ocean‐driven melting in the cavity beneath the floating section of the glacier. The pattern of hinge‐line retreat meanders and is concentrated in isolated regions until ice becomes locally buoyant. Because the glacier‐ocean system does not appear to have reached a position of relative stability, the lower limit of sea level projections may be too conservative.
Is ‘Centre of Volume’ a robust indicator of changes in snowmelt timing?
Authors: Whitfield Paul H.
Published: March 2013

The centre of volume (COV), or the hydrograph centroid, is a measure of streamflow timing that is a widely used indicator of the effects of warmer temperatures on the hydrology of snowmelt streams. The COV was originally developed as a measure of land‐use effects, and its response is affected by several factors other than temperature, particularly total run‐off. A ‘toy’ model is used to demonstrate some of these effects, and these effects are also shown for streamflow data from Canada's Reference Hydrologic Basin Network. These deficiencies indicate that COV is neither specific nor robust as an indicator. Although these effects might be overcome by streamflow decomposition, the use of COV as an indicator of snowmelt timing should be avoided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling atmospheric and hydrologic processes for assessment of meadow restoration impact on flow and sediment in a sparsely gauged California watershed
Authors: Ohara N. , Kavvas M. L. , Chen Z. Q. , Liang L. , Anderson M. , Wilcox J. , Mink L.
Published: March 2013

The restoration of meadowland using the pond and plug technique of gully elimination was performed in a 9‐mile segment along Last Chance Creek, Feather River Basin, California, in order to rehabilitate floodplain functions such as mitigating floods, retaining groundwater, and reducing sediment yield associated with bank erosion and to significantly alter the hydrologic regime. However, because the atmospheric and hydrological conditions have evolved over the restoration period, it was difficult to obtain a comprehensible evaluation of the impact of restoration activities by means of field measurements. In this paper, a new use of physically based models for environmental assessment is described. The atmospheric conditions over the sparsely gauged Last Chance Creek watershed (which does not have any precipitation or weather stations) during the combined historical critical dry and wet period (1982–1993) were reconstructed over the whole watershed using the atmospheric fifth‐generation mesoscale model driven with the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and US National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. Using the downscaled atmospheric data as its input, the watershed environmental hydrology (WEHY) model was applied to this watershed. All physical parameters of the WEHY model were derived from the existing geographic information system and satellite‐driven data sets. By comparing the prerestoration and postrestoration simulation results under the identical atmospheric conditions, a more complete environmental assessment of the restoration project was made. Model results indicate that the flood peak may be reduced by 10–20% during the wet year and the baseflow may be enhanced by 10–20% during the following dry seasons (summer to fall) in the postrestoration condition. The model results also showed that the hydrologic impact of the land management associated with the restoration mitigates bank erosion and sediment discharge during winter storm events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1q, the classical complement pathway protein binds Hirano bodies in Pick's disease
Authors: Singhrao Sim K.
Published: March 2013

Haematoxylin/Eosin staining was performed to screen for Hirano bodies from the temporal lobe including the hippocampus in 10 Pick's disease cases containing Pick bodies. Although the inclusions were confirmed in 9 out of 10 cases, only 4 out of 10 were particularly enriched with the eosinophilic bodies. These were subjected to immunostaining with anticomplement antibodies and astrocyte marker antiglial fibrillary acidic protein antibody and the HLA class II CR3/43 antibody to visualize microglia. An intraneuronal Hirano body was observed in one case that otherwise contained mainly the extracellular inclusions. In all cases, the extracellular Hirano bodies were seen lying adjacent to soma of neurons within CA1 region of the hippocampus. The extracellular Hirano bodies stained intensely with C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of activation but remained unreactive against antibodies to C4 and the C3 activation products (C3b and iC3b) and the alternative complement pathway component factor B. Hirano bodies also remained negative with the antiglial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes and HLA class II antibody CR3/43 for microglia. The results demonstrate that Hirano bodies have strong immunoreactivity to C1q; however, whether other complement components are associated with these inclusions remains to be further investigated. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:606–611, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel 3‐(2‐Oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoates from Dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutarate and Test of Their Biological Activity
Authors: Hachama Kamel , Khodja Mohamed , Moulay Saad , Boutoumi Hocine , Hennig Lothar , Sicker Dieter
Published: March 2013

Five novel 3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoates were synthesized under mild conditions from 2‐aminophenols and dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutarate. Biological assays of these 1,4‐benzoxazinones were conducted with three bacterial strains and one yeast. All compounds were active against a Candida albicans ATCC 10231, whereas only methyl 3‐(6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoate showed a general moderate activity against the bacterial strains tested.
Changes in Agricultural Land Use Affecting Future Soil Redistribution Patterns: A Case Study in Southern Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Debolini Marta , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Temme Arnaud , Galli Mariassunta , Bonari Enrico
Published: March 2013

Land‐use changes (LUCs) can be defined as the result of the direct action of the stakeholders in a particular area and natural or human driving forces. LUCs can influence various processes within the landscape and can have an impact on landscape functions. An analysis of the impact of LUCs on landscape processes can help to focus future rural policies. LUCs in Mediterranean areas particularly affect landscape functions because of their agro‐pedoclimatical characteristics. The aims of this work are as follows: (i) to characterise LUCs in the last 11 years in a typical Mediterranean area, the Trasubbie river basin (southern Tuscany, Italy); (ii) to extrapolate these changes and create spatially explicit LUC scenarios for the near future; and (iii) to simulate how and where the predicted LUCs may affect soil redistribution. We carried out an analysis of LUCs within the study area and used the trends to propose alternative scenarios for 2013. For these years, we spatially allocated land use (using the Conversions of Land Use and its Effects model) and used a landscape process model (landscape process modelling at multi‐dimensions and scales) to assess soil redistribution patterns. Land use in the study area changed almost linearly between 1996 and 2007, with cereals and annual fodder crops decreasing, and vineyards, perennial pastures and land abandonment increasing. Our LUC scenario extrapolates these dynamics to make predictions for 2013. A comparison of LAPSUS results between LUC and baseline scenarios for 2013 showed an increase in terms of net soil loss and total erosion, and a decrease in terms of sediment delivery ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic analysis of lubricated heavily loaded point contacts with skewed direction of entrained lubricant
Authors: Kudish Ilya I.
Published: March 2013

The paper is devoted to the application of the early developed asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts with skewed direction of entrained lubricant. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions: the central one, which is far away from the other two regions occupied by the ends of the horseshoe‐shaped pressure/gap distribution. The central region, in turn, can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and two adjacent boundary layers — the inlet and exit zones. Moreover, in the central region in the inlet and exit zones, the EHL problem can be reduced to asymptotically valid equations identical to the ones obtained in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded line EHL contacts. These equations can be analytically analysed and numerically solved on the basis of the stable methods using a specific regularization approach, which were developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The by‐product of this asymptotic analysis is an easy analytical derivation of formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical starved and fully flooded lubrication regimes. The latter allows for simple analysis of the film thickness as a function of the contact eccentricity and the direction of the entrained lubricant at the inlet in the contact. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic kidney disease after liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus–coinfected recipients versus human immunodeficiency virus–infected recipients without hepatitis C virus: Results from the national institutes of health multi-site study
Authors: Bahirwani Ranjeeta , Barin Burc , Olthoff Kim , Stock Peter , Murphy Barbara , Rajender Reddy K.
Published: March 2013

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study was to assess predictors of post-OLT CKD in HIV/HCV-coinfected recipients versus HIV-infected recipients without HCV (HIV/non-HCV recipients). Data from a National Institutes of Health study of 116 OLT recipients (35 HIV/non-HCV recipients and 81 HIV/HCV-coinfected recipients) from 2003 to 2010 (Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV: Multi-Site Study) were analyzed for the pretransplant CKD prevalence [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/minute for ≥3 months] and the incidence of CKD up to 3 years posttransplant. Proportional hazards models were performed to assess predictors of posttransplant CKD. A contemporaneous cohort of HCV-monoinfected transplant recipients from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database was also analyzed. The median age at transplant was 48 years, the median serum creatinine level was 1.1 mg/dL, and the median eGFR was 77 mL/minute. Thirty-four patients were suspected to have pretransplant CKD; 20 of these patients (59%) had posttransplant CKD. Among the 82 patients without pretransplant CKD (26 HIV/non-HCV patients and 56 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients), the incidence of stage 3 CKD 3 years after OLT was 62% (55% of HIV/non-HCV patients and 65% of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients), and the incidence of stage 4/5 CKD was 8% (0% of HIV/non-HCV patients and 12% of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients). In a multivariate analysis, older age [[hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05 per year, P = 0.03] and the CD4 count (HR = 0.90 per 50 cells/μL, P = 0.01) were significant predictors of CKD. HCV coinfection was significantly associated with stage 4/5 CKD (HR = 10.8, P = 0.03) after adjustments for age. The cumulative incidence of stage 4/5 CKD was significantly higher for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients versus HIV/non-HCV transplant recipients and HCV-monoinfected transplant recipients (P = 0.001). In conclusion, CKD occurs frequently in HIV-infected transplant recipients. Predictors of posttransplant CKD include older age and a lower posttransplant CD4 count. HCV coinfection is associated with a higher incidence of stage 4/5 CKD. Liver Transpl 19:619–626, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
Dual‐Active‐Site Nature of Magnesium Dichloride‐Supported Cyclopentadienyl Titanium Chloride Catalysts Switched by an Activator in Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Taniike Toshiaki , Terano Minoru
Published: March 2013

MgCl2‐supported metallocene catalysts often show peculiar catalytic aspects, which are partially similar to both non‐supported complexes and traditional Ziegler–Natta catalysts. In this study, the active‐site natures of various MgCl2‐supported cyclopentadienyl Ti chloride catalysts are systematically investigated and compared with traditional catalysts in propylene polymerization. The supported titanocene catalysts offer both metallocene‐type and Ziegler–Natta‐type active‐site natures according to the details of the preparation and the activation procedures. The observed dual‐active‐site natures are plausibly correlated with the valence and charge states of the Ti center.

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Green‐Light‐Induced Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization Reactions: Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(Dicarboximide) as Efficient Photosensitizers
Authors: Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Dumur Frédéric , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: March 2013

New perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PBI) photoinitiators/photosensitizers derived from perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride are synthesized and investigated for the formation of free radicals under air and under very soft irradiation (i.e., halogen lamp) or laser diode exposure at 532 nm. Such a PBI in combination with a diphenyl iodonium salt and N‐vinylcarbazole or a silane very efficiently promotes the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides and can also generate acrylate/epoxide interpenetrated polymer networks. It partly behaves as a metal‐free organic photocatalyst operating in an oxidative catalytic cycle. The different chemical intermediates are characterized by ESR and laser flash photolysis experiments. The mechanisms involved in the initiation step are discussed.

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Hierarchies of ineffabilities
Authors: Usuba Toshimichi
Published: March 2013

We study combinatorial large cardinal properties on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document}, such as ineffability, almost ineffability, subtlety, and the Shelah property. We show that, even when λ > κ, the almost ineffability of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document} does not yield the ineffability of κ. We also show that the Shelah property and the partition property of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document} do not yield the subtlety of κ.
Exfoliation of Crystalline 2D Carbon Nitride: Thin Sheets, Scrolls and Bundles via Mechanical and Chemical Routes
Authors: Bojdys Michael J. , Severin Nikolai , Rabe Jürgen P. , Cooper Andrew I. , Thomas Arne , Antonietti Markus
Published: March 2013

The carbon nitride poly(triazine imide) with intercalated bromide ions is a layered, graphitic material of 2D covalently bonded molecular sheets with an exceptionally large gallery height of 3.52 Å due to the intercalated bromide anions. The material can be cleaved both mechanically and chemically into thin sheets and scrolls analogous to the carbon‐only systems graphite and graphene.

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A bipolar functionality of Q/N‐rich proteins: Lsm4 amyloid causes clearance of yeast prions
Authors: Oishi Keita , Kurahashi Hiroshi , Pack Chan‐Gi , Sako Yasushi , Nakamura Yoshikazu
Published: March 2013

Prions are epigenetic modifiers that cause partially loss‐of‐function phenotypes of the proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular chaperone network that supports prion propagation in the cell has seen a great progress in the last decade. However, the cellular machinery to activate or deactivate the prion states remains an enigma, largely due to insufficient knowledge of prion‐regulating factors. Here, we report that overexpression of a [PSI+]‐inducible Q/N‐rich protein, Lsm4, eliminates the three major prions [PSI+], [URE3], and [RNQ+]. Subcloning analysis revealed that the Q/N‐rich region of Lsm4 is responsible for the prion loss. Lsm4 formed an amyloid in vivo, which seemed to play a crucial role in the prion elimination. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis revealed that in the course of the Lsm4‐driven [PSI+] elimination, the [PSI+] aggregates undergo a size increase, which ultimately results in the formation of conspicuous foci in otherwise [psi−]‐like mother cells. We also found that the antiprion activity is a general property of [PSI+]‐inducible factors. These data provoked a novel “unified” model that explains both prion induction and elimination by a single scheme.
Measuring mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Marras Connie , Armstrong Melissa J. , Meaney Christopher A. , Fox Susan , Rothberg Brandon , Reginold William , Tang‐Wai David F. , Gill David , Eslinger Paul J. , Zadikoff Cindy , Kennedy Nancy , Marshall Fred J. , Mapstone Mark , Chou Kelvin L. , Persad Carol , Litvan Irene , Mast Benjamin T. , Gerstenecker Adam T. , Weintraub Sandra , Duff‐Canning Sarah
Published: March 2013

We examined the frequency of Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) and its subtypes and the accuracy of 3 cognitive scales for detecting PD‐MCI using the new criteria for PD‐MCI proposed by the Movement Disorders Society. Nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease completed a clinical visit with the 3 screening tests followed 1 to 3 weeks later by neuropsychological testing. Of 139 patients, 46 met Level 2 Task Force criteria for PD‐MCI when impaired performance was based on comparisons with normative scores. Forty‐two patients (93%) had multi‐domain MCI. At the lowest cutoff levels that provided at least 80% sensitivity, specificity was 44% for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and 33% for the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease‐Cognition. The Mini‐Mental State Examination could not achieve 80% sensitivity at any cutoff score. At the highest cutoff levels that provided specificity of at least 80%, sensitivities were low (≤44%) for all tests. When decline from estimated premorbid levels was considered evidence of cognitive impairment, 110 of 139 patients were classified with PD‐MCI, and 103 (94%) had multi‐domain MCI. We observed dramatic differences in the proportion of patients who had PD‐MCI using the new Level 2 criteria, depending on whether or not decline from premorbid level of intellectual function was considered. Recommendations for methods of operationalizing decline from premorbid levels constitute an unmet need. Among the 3 screening tests examined, none of the instruments provided good combined sensitivity and specificity for PD‐MCI. Other tests recommended by the Task Force Level 1 criteria may represent better choices, and these should be the subject of future research. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Questionnaire‐based diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chahine Lama M. , Daley Joseph , Horn Stacy , Colcher Amy , Hurtig Howard , Cantor Charles , Dahodwala Nabila
Published: March 2013

Background

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is present in around 40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Definitive diagnosis requires a polysomnogram, but that is costly, time intensive, and not practical for large‐scale studies. Therefore, we assessed using a questionnaire‐based diagnostic approach.

Methods

The patient‐administered RBD questionnaire and bed‐partner‐administered question 1 of the Mayo questionnaire were prospectively validated.

Results

Seventy‐five PD patients (51 male, 68 Hoehn and Yahr stages I and II) participated. Forty‐eight had a clinical history of RBD. Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 86.3%–100%) when a combination of both questionnaires was compared with the gold standard of polysomnogram‐confirmed RBD. Among those who achieved REM sleep (n = 65), specificity was highest for the patient questionnaire used alone, at 82.4% (95% CI, 64.8%–92.6%).

Conclusions

A combination of patient and bed‐partner questionnaires is a useful tool to detect RBD. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Differential regulation of detoxification enzymes in hepatic and mammary tissue by hops (Humulus lupulus) in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dietz Birgit M. , Hagos Ghenet K. , Eskra Jillian N. , Wijewickrama Gihani T. , Anderson Jeffrey R. , Nikolic Dejan , Guo Jian , Wright Brian , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. , van Breemen Richard B. , Bolton Judy L.
Published: March 2013

Scope

Hops contain the phytoestrogen, 8‐prenylnaringenin, and the cytoprotective compound, xanthohumol (XH). XH induces the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H‐quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in vitro; however, the tissue distribution of XH and 8‐prenylnaringenin and their tissue‐specific activity have not been analyzed.

Methods and results

An orally administered hop extract and subcutaneously injected XH were administered to Sprague–Dawley rats over 4 days. LC‐MS‐MS analysis of plasma, liver, and mammary gland revealed that XH accumulated in liver and mammary glands. Compared with the low level in the original extract, 8‐prenylnaringenin was enriched in the tissues. Hops and XH‐induced NQO1 in the liver, while only hops reduced NQO1 activity in the mammary gland. Mechanistic studies revealed that hops modulated NQO1 through three mechanisms. In liver cells, (i) XH modified Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein leading to nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) translocation and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation; (ii) hop‐mediated ARE induction was partially mediated through phosphorylation of Nrf2 by PKC; (iii) in breast cells, 8‐prenylnaringenin reduced NQO1 likely through binding to estrogen receptorα, recruiting Nrf2, and downregulating ARE‐regulated genes.

Conclusion

XH and 8‐prenylnaringenin in dietary hops are bioavailable to the target tissues. While hops and XH might be cytoprotective in the liver, 8‐prenylnaringenin seems responsible for hop‐mediated NQO1 reduction in the mammary gland.
Correlating ultrasound findings of carpal tunnel syndrome with nerve conduction studies
Authors: Kim Jae Min , Kim Min Wook , Ko Young Jin
Published: March 2013

Introduction: The aim of this study was to make correlations between ultrasonographic measurements of thenar muscle and flexor retinaculum and nerve conduction studies (NCS) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Ultrasound and NCS were performed on 92 wrists with CTS and on 40 wrists from healthy individuals. Ultrasound of thenar and hypothenar muscles, flexor retinaculum, and median nerve were assessed. The ultrasonographic findings were compared between the 2 groups, and correlation analyses between median latency and ultrasonographic findings were performed. Results: Motor latency correlated positively with flexor retinaculum thickness (FRT) and negatively with the ratio of thenar to hypothenar muscle. FRT and motor latency were found to be increased significantly in CTS. The ratio of thenar to hypothenar muscle was found to be decreased significantly in CTS compared with controls. Conclusions: The ultrasonographic findings of FRT and thenar muscle reflect the severity of disease in patients with CTS and are valuable for the diagnosis of CTS. Muscle Nerve 48: 905–910, 2013
Electromyographic responses of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during incremental treadmill running
Authors: Zuniga Jorge M. , Malek Moh H.
Published: March 2013

Introduction: We examined the individual patterns of responses for electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) during incremental treadmill running. Methods: Nine physically active men performed incremental treadmill running at a constant grade of 1%. The EMG signal was recorded from the 3 superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during the work bout. Results: The results of the polynomial regression indicated that the linear model best fit the data for the composite data for all 3 muscles and the majority (7 of 9) of subjects. There were no consistent patterns of responses for the EMG MPF responses. Also, there were no significant (P > 0.05) muscle × running velocity interactions for EMG amplitude and MPF. Conclusions: These results indicate consistent patterns of responses for EMG amplitude during incremental treadmill running, regardless of which muscle was studied. Muscle Nerve 48: 938–944, 2013
Long‐term outcome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: A retrospective study
Authors: Querol Luis , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Casasnovas Carlos , Sedano Maria Jose , Muñoz‐Blanco Jose Luis , Alberti Maria Antonia , Paradas Carmen , Sevilla Teresa , Pardo Julio , Capablo Jose Luis , Sivera Rafael , Guerrero Antonio , Gutierrez‐Rivas Eduardo , Illa Isabel
Published: March 2013

Introduction: The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the short‐ and long‐term patterns of IVIg use, safety, and response to treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: Response to therapy was defined as an improvement of ≥1 point on the modified Rankin score at short‐ and mid‐term visits. Patient status at long term was classified as remission, stability, or non‐responder. Results: Eighty‐six patients were included; 60.5% responded at short term and 54.6% at mid‐term. At long term, 25.6% of patients were in remission, 65.1% were stable, and 9.3% were non‐responders. The only variable associated with remission was a better response during the first 6 months of follow‐up. Conclusions: A significant percentage of patients did not require any additional drugs in the long term. This suggests that treatment effect or disease outcome may be stable over time, and treatment regimens should therefore be individualized to avoid overtreatment. Muscle Nerve 48: 870–876, 2013