bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INDUCED BY TEMPEH ETHANOL EXTRACT ADMINISTERED TO RATS FROM PRENATAL UNTIL WEANING PERIOD OF LIFE
Authors: Satriyasa Bagus Komang , Ni Nyoman Budiani , Karmaya Nyoman Mangku
Published: May 2018

Objective: Sertoli cell and spermatogonia are formed in the prenatal period, and alterations information process could affect the reproduction function in the adolescence and adult period. This study aimed to unveil the effect of tempeh’s isoflavone that was given from prenatal to weaning during childhood period toward the amount of Sertoli cell and spermatogonia.Method: The study design was randomized post-test only control group design with 15 female Wistar experimental mouse in the aged of 12th– 13th weeks was used and divided into three groups, namely, control groups (C) that were given aquadest, intervention Group 1 (I1) and intervention Group 2 (I2) that was given tempeh 0.5 g/kg body weight/day ethanol extract that contains 0.52 mg genistein and 5 g/kg body weight/day that contains 5.2 mg genistein, respectively. The intervention was given for a week before copulation, during pregnancy and lactation period. The observed parameters were Sertoli cell and spermatogonia of an early-born mouse.Result: The amount of Sertoli cell and spermatogonia were different between the three groups (p<0.05). The I2 group has the lowest amount of Sertoli cell and spermatogonia and shows a significant difference from the control group as well as I1 (p<0.05). Tempeh ethanol extract has a direct impact on reducing the amount of Sertoli cell to about 11% lower than control. It also affected the number of spermatogonia indirectly through its effect toward Sertoli cells.Conclusion: Intervention of tempeh ethanol extract to female Wistar experimental mouse from prenatal period to weaning child period could disturb the formation of Sertoli cell and spermatogonia of the early-born mouse.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SUPPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY TARGETS BY ADATHODA VASICA
Authors: Reddy Amala , Sundaresan Sujatha
Published: May 2018

Objectives: A persistent and chronic inflammation may act as an underlying definition for many of the long-term illness such as diabetic foot ulcer, Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Folklore medicinal plants provide immense health benefits with new remedies. Active compounds from plants containing alkaloids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The leaves of Adhatoda vasica are most known for its effectiveness in treating respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions. In this report, we investigated the possible action of A. vasica against inflammation.Methods: Solvents with varying polarity (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) were used for the sequential extraction of leaves of A. vasica Linn (Family: Acanthaceae). The anti‐inflammatory activity was assessed using simple in vitro methods. Phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins were analyzed qualitatively using standard protocols. Anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity. Aspirin (diclofenac) was used as a standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity.Results: Our results substantiated that methanolic extract of A. vasica gave a maximum yield of 12.5% and apparently all bioactive phytochemical constituents were at a higher concentration in the methanolic extract. Methanolic extract of A. vasica showed a significant inhibition of the heat-induced albumin denaturation, red blood cells membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibitory effects with 86±1.46, 88±1.24, and 96±0.93% for 1000 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The above results delineate that the bioactive components were extracted using high polar solvent are mostly flavonoids and related polyphenols. These compounds may be the active constituents to render the anti-inflammatory activity to A. vasica.
THE EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN DOSE PHASE OF CORRECTION AS DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS TO TARGET LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN IN REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Luthvia Luthvia , Harahap Urip , Nasution Syafrizal
Published: May 2018

Objectives: This research aims to know the effect of drug-related problems (DRPs)-related doses against the target hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients in the regular phase of the correction given the therapy of erythropoietin on H. Adam Malik Medan.Methods: This research was by the cross-sectional, prospective method, using DRP - Registration Form V7.0 (PCNE) against 50 patients. The data were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test, paired t-test sample, and independent t-test, SPSS version 17.Results: The target hemoglobin not reaching 30 patients (60%), the level of hemoglobin target exceeded target 1 of the patients (2%). Based on the results of the test t, the value of p=0.038<0.05, then there is a difference in the level of hemoglobin after providing significant erythropoietin therapy between doses and less excess. Test the level of hemoglobin of erythropoietin therapy before and after using a test sample. Paired t-test based on the results, obtained significant value is 0.05, then 0.015< increased hemoglobin level after statistics are given significant therapy of erythropoietin.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of DRPs related to excessive dosage; less dose to target hemoglobin level with significant value, so DRPs-associated dose affect the target hemoglobin level.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BALANCE AND TAI CHI EXERCISE IN EARLY TYPE II DIABETIC AMONG FEMALE POPULATION
Authors: V Rajalaxmi , Priya V Vijaya , S Ramachandran , S Latha
Published: May 2018

Objective: India is considered to be a diabetic capital as many Indians are diabetic. The common treatment for diabetes is medication. The purpose of this study is to bring out the other remedial measures for diabetic treatment and to create awareness among the people about the alternative measures. This study is about the effect of balancing exercise and tai chi exercises for early diabetic. It is, therefore, possible that an individual can experience a noticeable decreased in blood glucose following a balancing exercise and modified tai chi program. This study is to find out the effect of balancing exercise and tai chi program and to compare the effectiveness.Methods: Once the study is approved by the institutional review board, 50 samples from 65 volunteers with Type 2 diabetes between the age group of 25–35 years were selected from the ACS Medical College and Hospitals based on the inclusion criteria. After getting the consent, the samples were equally divided into two groups; Group A: Balancing exercise and Group B: Tai chi exercise. Both groups received intervention for 8 weeks 6 days/ week 2 sessions/day. Pre- and post-test was done using the outcome measures of blood glucose levels (glucometer), body mass index, and waist circumference (inch tape).Result: On comparing the mean values of waist circumference and blood glucose level between Group A and B, both the groups showed significant reduction in the post-test values. However, Group B tai chi for diabetes shows the mean (34.4) which is effective than the Group A (38.5) for waist circumference (in inches) and also Group B (156.70) is effective than the Group A (184.10) for blood glucose level (mg/dL) at p≤0.05.Conclusion: The study concluded that the balancing exercise and tai chi exercise are effective in the reduction of blood glucose level and waist circumference. However, tai chi is more effective than the balancing exercise.
POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FOOD PRESERVATION
Authors: Tomar Rajesh Singh , Sharma Bhawna , Kaushik Shuchi , Mishra Raghvendra Kumar
Published: May 2018

The quality of food is highly affected by different types of biological, chemical, and physical contaminants. Microbial contaminations that are transferred through direct or indirect pathways such as through saliva, pest droppings, blood, or fecal matter affect the quality of food worldwide. Food can be spoiled by bacteria as well as fungus. The fungal microbes secrete toxins to intoxicate the food material rendering it unfit for consumption. The objective of the present review is to explore the application of essential oil (EO) as potent antifungal agent and thus good sources of food preservative. We have reviewed previously published papers on antimicrobial activity of EOs. The antimicrobial activity of these natural plant products has been assayed by different approaches. Apart from their activity against microbes, the other beneficial effects of these plant products such as antioxidant activity and enhancing the food quality are also observed by various groups of scientists all over the globe. On the basis of results obtained by different researchers worldwide, the EOs can be authenticated as a food preservative. For the preservation of food, several chemicals are being used by different food industries at large scale; however, they have some limitations. Recently much attention has been directed toward the development of less or negligibly toxic ethno-products which may be utilized for human use for several purposes such as food preservatives, in cosmetics, and medicines. The plant-based volatile EOs and non-volatile secondary metabolites have wide applications in dietary supplements, food flavoring and preservation, folk medicine, and fragrance industry. Several reports have confirmed the antioxidant efficacy of plant-based EOs in vitro and in vivo. Application of plant materials as dietary supplements and preservatives is mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other biological as well as pharmaceutical potentials. Nowadays, EOs and their components are gaining increased attention because of their relatively safe status, their wide acceptance by consumers and the possibility of their exploitation for potential multipurpose uses. It will be relevant to extract EOs, since these extracted oils may have antimicrobial potential which can be utilized for their possible roles against food spoilage microbes.
A CASE–CONTROL STUDY TO ASSESS AND COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE AND 0.25% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE MOUTHWASH IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GINGIVITIS
Authors: Shanker Kaavya , Suragimath Girish , Zope Sameer A , Varma Siddhartha A , Sr Ashwinirani
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of present study was to compare the efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.25% sodium hypochlorite as a mouthwash in controlling chronic gingivitis.Methods: A total of 80 patients suffering from chronic marginal gingivitis were recruited for the study. Non-surgical periodontal therapy was completed for all the patients to bring the gingival status to healthy levels. The patients were divided into two study groups with 40 patients in each group, Group A patients were asked to use 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, and Group B patients used 0.25% sodium hypochlorite mouthwash as an adjunct to brushing twice daily for 2 weeks. After a period of 2 weeks, the gingival status was recorded using the oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS), plaque index (PI), and modified gingival index (MGI) and compared between the two groups.Results: The mean OHIS score for Group A was 1.38 and for Group B it was 1.05. The mean PI for Group A and B was 3.62 and 2.32, respectively. The mean MGI score for Group A was 1.22 and for Group B was 1.20. Group B showed better results than Group A. Intergroup comparison of OHIS and PI revealed significantly better results in Group B than Group A while MGI did not show any statistical difference on comparison.Conclusion: Nearly 0.25% sodium hypochlorite was more effective than 0.2% chlorhexidine in reducing the gingival inflammation. Thus, 0.25% sodium hypochlorite may represent an efficacious, safe and affordable antimicrobial agent in the prevention and treatment of gingival disease.
EVALUATION OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI SEEDS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Bashyal Sagar , Guha Avijit
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify medicinally important phytochemicals and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Trachyspermum ammi seeds. Methods: Four different extracts (methanol, acetone, chloroform, and water) were prepared using a soxhlet apparatus, antimicrobial activity was tested using agar well-diffusion technique. Results: The results revealed the presence of flavonoids and saponins in all the extracts prepared. Similarly, alkaloids and phenols presence were obtained in methanol and aqueous extracts. Glycosides and carbohydrates in methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts. Further, proteins, terpenoids, and tannins presence were found in methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts, respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in the methanolic extract (13.5 mm). Acetone, chloroform, and water extracts showed 9 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm respectively, while ciprofloxacin (control) showed 17.5 mm of the zone of inhibition. Conclusion: T. ammi seeds exert biological properties due to the presence of various chemical constituents. Thus, it can be used to obtain novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases in the future.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF L- METHIONINE ON NICKEL SULFATE INDUCED RENAL INJURY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT
Authors: Bouhalit Samira , Kechrid Zine
Published: May 2018

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of methionine (Met) in nickel sulfate induced oxidative stress in renal tissue.Methods: Rats were divided into the following groups: Healthy control; L-methionine (Met, 100 mg/kg, orally); nickel sulfate (Ni, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally); and combination Ni+Met. The experiment lasted 21 days. Antioxidant and renal function parameters with histological study were performed.Results: In the Ni group, marked renal damage was noticed with the significant elevation in the levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid in serum. Animals also showed a significant rise in the lipid peroxidation level with a concomitant decrease in glutathione (GSH) and various antioxidant enzymes GSH peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, these changes in rats given the combined therapy nickel plus methionine were significantly less than those of group nickel, met prevented these alterations and maintained the antioxidant status. Histopathological examination of the kidney tissue proved the protective effect of Met against nickel toxicity.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that methionine augments antioxidant defense against nickel-induced toxicity and provides evidence that it has therapeutic potential as a renoprotective agent.
TROPHOBLAST INVASION AND UTERIOIMPLANTATION GROWTH IN EARLY RAT GESTATION REQUISITE ADRENOMEDULLIN
Authors: Padma Kanchi Ravi , Josthna Penchalaneni
Published: May 2018

Objective: Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a currently exposed hypotensive peptide that is articulated in a variety of cell and tissue types. The existence of ADM has been immunohistochemically demonstrated in pathologic uterioimplantation regions, but no systematic study of ADM expression in early pregnancy in uterioimplantation region has been reported.Methods: Rats on the gestational day 2 were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic (Alzet) minipumps delivering 125 and 250 μg rat/day/of AM22–52 and were killed on the gestational day 9. We have ascertained the hypothesis that ADM, a multiregulatory ubiquitous peptide hormone, works as a trophoblast pro-invasion factor.Results: We confirmed ADM significance in in vitro assay using ACH-3P cell line, which is first-trimester trophoblast cell line.Conclusion: Our data support the conception that ADM is involved in the human implantation process through regulating trophoblast proliferation and differentiation.
REM SLEEP DEPRIVATION-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS ATTENUATION BY TEPHROSIA PURPUREA (L.,) IN DISCRETE REGIONS OF RAT BRAIN
Authors: Selvaraj Prakash , Shanmuganathan Annadurai , Selvaraj Saravanan , Mani Babukumar , Govindaraj Sakthivel , Rajan Dr. Ravindran
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant activity of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) in 72 h REM sleep deprivation (RSD). Nowadays, plants are used as therapeutic agents in the wide range of clinical applications. The present investigation is focused on the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of TP on 72 h RSD induced changes in discrete regions of rat brain.Methods: In this study, the plant (leaf) sample collected and ethanolic extraction were done using Soxhlet apparatus. Five groups of Wistar strain male albino rats were used in this study. Each group comprises 6 rats and multiple platform models used for RSD. The values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparison methods. The significance level was kept at p<0.05. The 72 h RSD-induced changes in discrete regions were investigated and verified by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E in different regions of the rat brain, and plasma corticosterone level.Results: This study confirmed that the leaf extract of TP effectively normalized the increased corticosterone, LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx, and decreased GSH, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E levels as a result of 72 h RSD exposure.Conclusion: The plant examined and possessed remarkable antioxidant activity; hence, the isolation of compounds from this plant leaves may develop a novel and natural phytomedicine for stress-induced diseases.
DUNALIELLA SALINA IMPROVED OBESITY-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN ANIMALS’ RODENT
Authors: El-baz Farouk K , Aly Hanan F , Fayed Dalia B
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of microalgae Dunaliella salina to improve apelin, oxidative damage, inflammatory, and apoptotic function implicated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats.Methods: Fifty male Westar albino rats weighing 150–160 g were fed on HFD for 12 weeks. Treatment of obese rats with D. salina was carried out in a dose 150 mg/kg body weight as compared to orlistat as anti-obesity standard drug. Blood nuclear factor kappa-B cells (NF-kB), apelin, apoptosis regulator (B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCl2]), monocytes chemo attractant protein-1, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were determined in serum of different groups. Besides, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), glutathione (GSH) levels as well as histopathological examination were investigated in liver tissue of obese rats.Results: Serum apelin, MDA, and NF-kB levels were significantly high, reached to 97.25, 158.18, 511.433, and 170.73%, respectively. While significant decrease in PON1 (47.82%), BCl2 (74.88%), and GSH (63.54 %), levels were detected in the obese rats compared to controls. Obviously improvement in all biomarkers under investigation upon treated obese rats with ethanol extract of D. salina. Histopathological examination of obese hepatic tissue showed dilatation in the central portal veins associated with inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area and congestion. However, treatment of obese rats with D. salina confirmed biochemical analysis and declared less diffuse inflammatory cells infiltration as well as less focal infiltration in both hepatic parenchyma and portal area with higher improvement in D. salina than drug.Conclusion: It could be concluded that D. salina has a great ability to improve inflammation associated with obesity as well as damaged hepatic architectures which can be used as a promising anti-obesity nutraceuticals.
INDANYL ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Mandal Sudip Kumar
Published: May 2018

Objective: The wide variety of biological activities of different indane derivatives makes them an interesting moiety in the field of medicinal chemistry. The objective of the study was to identify and develop novel antimicrobial agents from indanyl analogs.Methods: Recently synthesized indanyl analogs (4a-c and 5a-o) were examined against various pathogenic microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi) using serial dilution method. These analogs were found to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging between 1.56 and 100 μg/mL.Results: The results revealed that the entire compounds showed mild-to-moderate antibacterial activities and moderate-to-excellent antifungal activities against the pathogenic microorganisms as compared to the standard drugs ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. Compounds 4a, 5a, 5b, 5d, 5e, 5i, and 5j exhibited antifungal activities superior to the reference drug.Conclusion: Based on the structure-activity relationship, it can conclude that the indan-3-oxo-1-acetic acid moiety is essential for the activities and lipophilic alkoxy substituents on indane ring have enhanced the biological activity. Further, structure-activity relationship studies of the compounds 4a, 5a, and 5b are needful to find the new lead as antimicrobial agent.
STABILITY INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH- PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN AND BENIDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Naim Majan , Ahmed Aejaz , Gj Khan
Published: May 2018

Objective: Development and validation of stability indicating reverse-phase high- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan (TEL) and benidipine hydrochloride (BND) in pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: Reverse phase chromatography was selected because of its suggested use for ionic and moderate to non-polar compounds. Reverse phase chromatography is simple, suitable, better regarding efficiency, stability, and reproducibility. C18 column, a 250×4.6 mm column of 5.0 μm particle packing, was selected for separation of TEL and BND. Different solvent systems were tried and optimized in combinations as mobile phase. TEL (40 μg/ml) and BND (4 μg/ml) in buffer, pH 4.0: Methanol (50:50) was developed as it was showing good peak shapes and a significant amount of resolution. The mobile phase was flowed at 1.0 ml/min with detection of both the analytes at 210 nm using photodiode array detector.Result: Development of method was done, and validation was accomplished using specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation. The method was found linear from 20 to 60 μg/ml and 2–6 μg/ml for TEL and BND individually. The percentage recoveries of TEL 100.46% and BND100.08% were, respectively.Conclusion: This stability indicating RP-HPLC methods were developed by degradation of sample and compared with standard. The percentage relative standard deviation was also <2 % showing high degree of precision of the proposed method. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of benidipine HCl and TEL in combined dosage form and quality control in bulk manufacturing.
A STUDY ON MRI-FISTULOGRAM EVALUATION OF PERIANAL DISCHARGE IN AN INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Panigrahi Madhuri
Published: May 2018

Objective: Pre-operative assessment of perianal fistulas is very important for best planning of surgery and prevention of relapse. The goal of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of perianal discharge is to demonstrate accurately the anatomy of the perianal region. MRI can clearly show the relationship of fistulas to the anal sphincter complex, levator plate, and the ischiorectal/ischioanal fossa. The aim of the study was to find out the various types of fistula and compare MRI fistulogram with surgery findings.Methods: In the present study, 38 number of patients were included who were sent for pre-operative MRI evaluation of perianal discharge and their post-operative data were collected for analysis. Surgical grading was according to Park’s surgical classification. Fistulas were graded in MRI according to St James’s University Hospital MRI classification of perianal fistulas.Results: It was found from the study that most of the patients were adults (35/38), whereas one was a child and one was adolescent. Almost all were male (36/38) except two were female. Around 50% of patients had previous history of surgery and had come for persistent/recurrent lesion. According to MRI, all except one had true fistula, rest one had sinus, and one had ischioanal abscess. Percentage of Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV fistula were 31.58, 13.16, 15.79, and 34.21, respectively. Percentage of intersphincteric (I and II) type was 44.74 (17 in no) and transsphincteric (III and IV) was 55.26 (21 in no.), and supra- and extra-sphincteric type was 0 in number. Most had internal anal canal opening posterior to transverse anal line, out of which most were around 6 o’clock position. MRI successfully described fistula tract in all except for two cases (36/38).Conclusion: MRI is very accurate in pre-operative evaluation and planning for surgery of perianal fistulas.
PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: S Rahul , Cr Abhinand , B Nikithareddy , K Jayachandra , P Lakshmi , H Doddayya , Ss Antin
Published: May 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the burden of cost in patients of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in COPD patients over a period of 6 months in general medicine and pulmonary wards of Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India. Direct medical and non-medical cost were included in the burden of cost. From the drug rate manual of hospital, cost for drugs and investigation were calculated.Results: Overall 100 COPD patients were enrolled in which 92 were male and 8 were female with a mean age of 60.33±10.98. The patients participated in this study were stayed in the hospital with mean±standard deviation (SD) value of 9±3. Minimum total direct medical cost was Rs. 1149.00 and maximum was Rs. 13,510.00 with a mean±SD 3297.48±1634.226, in which medicine cost was high (mean 2746.63). Minimum total direct non-medical cost was Rs. 100.00 and maximum was Rs. 3470.00 with a mean±SD 700.7±487.121, in which food expenses was high (mean 549.55). Maximum total direct cost was Rs.16,980.00 and minimum was 1349.00 with a mean± SD 3998.18±1921.47. Direct medical cost contributes 79.56% and direct non-medical cost contribute 20.44% of total direct cost.Conclusion: COPD has a substantial impact on health-care costs particularly for hospitalization. Exacerbation prevention resulting in reduced need for inpatient care could lower costs. The development of pharmacoeconomic is at an infancy stage in India at the moment, despite the rapid growth of clinical research. In a country with scarce resources and an ever-growing population with diverse health-care needs, health economics (Pharmacoeconomic evaluation) plays a pivotal role in determining the delivery of equitable and cost-effective health services.
PREVALENCE OF DIAGNOSED AND UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES IN A RURAL COMMUNITY: A HOME-BASED SCREENING
Authors: Kandasamy Krishnaveni , Rajagopal Shanmuga Sundaram , Ramalingam Kameswaran , Krishnan Karthickeyan
Published: May 2018

Objectives: Diabetes is one of the main global risks of mortality and is seen with a drastic rise in developing nations in accordance with rise in age. The main aim of the study is to find the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and its associated risk factors among the rural community based on diagnostic criteria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community of Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Patient data (demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical reports) were collected with the help of a questionnaire.Results: Of 780 populations, 425 were included for the screening of diabetes based on inclusion criteria. Of the 425 screened samples, 224 (52.7%) were diagnosed with diabetes. From these 224 diabetic cases, 133 (31.3%) were known cases of diabetes, 26 (6.1%) were newly diagnosed diabetic cases, and 65 (15.3%) were pre-diabetic cases. Most of the diabetic patients 140 (62.5%) were illiterate, and 159 (71%) were never had physical activities. A positive association (p<0.05) was observed between diabetes and age, body mass index (BMI) and tobacco use other than smoking. 65 patients were found to be pre-diabetes, among which 41.5% (27 cases) were male and 58.5% (38 cases) were female. A positive association (p<0.05) was observed between pre-diabetes and age, family history of diabetes and HTN, BMI, and lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and smoking.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the burden of diabetes was observed to be increasing in India and it is becoming common among communities. Patient awareness and timely diagnosis and intervention may limit the progression of the disease.
KARTAGENER SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Najafi Samane , Mohammadpour Ali , Eshghizadeh Maryam
Published: May 2018

Kartagener syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which includes a triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inversus. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) can be one of the causes of the above symptoms in this syndrome. This study aims to contribute toward a greater understanding of Kartagener syndrome by reporting a rare case. This 16-year-old boy was hospitalized in the internal ward of 22 Bahman Hospital in Gonabad on February 23, 2016 and presented with suspected Kartagener syndrome and PCD, whose diagnosis of Kartagener syndrome and PCD was confirmed according to biopsy of the nose and antitrypsin test. The patient also underwent electrocardiography, chest X-ray, pelvic and abdominal ultrasound, and computed tomography scan with high resolution and no contrast of the chest, abdomen, and sinuses. As a rare disorder, Kartagener syndrome should be borne in mind in differential diagnoses of chronic respiratory infections and must be diagnosed as early as possible to improve patient’s quality of life.
PLANT PROFILE, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA P. BEAUVAIS (AFRICAN TULIP TREE): A REVIEW
Authors: Wagh Anita S. , Butle Santosh R.
Published: May 2018

Plants have been used as one of the important source for treating various diseases of human beings since ancient times. Numbers of plants are mentioned in different traditional system of medicine, among them Spathodea campanulata P. Beauvais is one of the important medicinal plant. Different parts of Spathodea campanulata such as flowers, leaves, stem, bark and roots have been reported for possessing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anticonvulsant activity. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and sterols. Relevant information and literature on Spathodea campanulata from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science were collected and analyzed. Available literatures evidently show that Spathodea campanulata possess a wide range of pharmacological activities that could be explained by the presence of variety of phytochemicals. The aim of the present review to provide detailed information regarding geographical distribution, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of this plant.
ENHANCING DISSOLUTION RATE OF INDOMETHACIN BY IN SITU CRYSTALIZATION; DEVELOPMENT OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS
Authors: Naiem Nadia H. , Essa Ebtessam A. , Elmaghraby Gamal M.
Published: May 2018

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential of in situ crystallization of indomethacin, in presence or absence of hydrophilic materials, to improve drug dissolution with the goal of developing fast disintegrating tablets.Methods: Indomethacin crystals were prepared by bottom up approach. Water containing hydrophilic additive (polymer or/and surfactant) was added to ethanolic solution of indomethacin while stirring. The selected polymers were hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose E5 (HPMC E5), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K40 (PVP K40). The surfactants used were Tween80 and Glucire 44/14. The precipitated particles were collected and air dried. Solid state characterization were performed in addition to in vitro release studies in both acidic (0.1 N HCL) and alkaline medium (phosphate buffer pH 6.8). Optimized formulation was selected to develop fast disintegrating tablets.Results: Thermal behavior suggested modulation in crystalline nature with reduction in particle size that was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. Infrared spectroscopy excluded any interaction between drug and hydrophilic excipients. Drug dissolution in acid media showed slight improve in drug release, while marked increase was observed in the alkaline media. Combination between Tween80 and HPMC (F7) showed the best dissolution parameters with 5-folds enhancement in release efficiency (RE) compared to pure drug. Formula F7 was successively used to formulate fast disintegrating tablets with prompted release of 58% of the loaded dose and RE of 83%.Conclusion: In situ crystallization of indomethacin is a good approach for enhanced dissolution rate with the presence of hydrophilic additives during precipitation process improving the efficiency.
INHIBITION OF TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) ACTIVITY BY A NEW ERGOSTANE STEROID FROM CLEOME DROSERIFOLIA
Authors: Fathy Hoda M.
Published: May 2018

Objective: To isolate steroidal compound from Cleome droserifolia and explore its activity against tumour necrosis factor (TNF) using molecular docking studies.Methods: Extraction of the plant material was carried using two successive solvents and three compounds were isolated using column chromatography. The isolated compounds were identified using different spectroscopic data such as 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Molecular docking was carried in order to investigate the activity of the ergostane derivative as tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.Results: Two steroidal compounds were isolated and identified as ergost-5,7,9,24 (28)-tetraen-3-one (1) and β-sitosterol glucoside (3) by means of spectroscopic measurement. 1-dodecanol (2) was also isolated. The ergostane derivative showed several binding sites with TNF-αConclusion: The new ergostane derivative isolated from the aerial parts of Cleome droserifolia is introduced to serve as a potential tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and may be used as a lead compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF ANTIDIABETIC ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR PRODUCING STREPTOMYCES SP
Authors: Abdulkhair Waleed Mohamed , Abdel-all Walaa Said , Bahy Rehab Hasan
Published: May 2018

Objective: This study aims to control type 2 of diabetes mellitus by a hypoglycemic substance that extensively produced by Streptomyces bacteria. The antidiabetic action of this substance depends on prevention of starch hydrolysis and then the liberation of glucose monomers via an inhibition of α-glucosidase as one of starch hydrolyzing enzymes.Methods: The strains of marine actinomycetes were isolated on starch nitrate agar, and then qualitatively and quantitatively screened to prevent starch hydrolysis. The most potent strain was identified by classical and genetical methods. The genetic improvement of the most potent strain was carried out by using UV radiations at different exposure periods per second. The optimization of environmental conditions was studied to obtain the maximum activity of the α-glucosidase inhibitory protein, which purified and electrically separated to determine its molecular weight.Results: Among 55 marine actinomycetes, only 7 strains were found have antidiabetic activity. This activity was assayed spectrophotometrically at 400 nm, where p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside and acarbose were used as a substrate and a positive control respectively. The most potent strain which marked as AD-7 was identified as Streptomyces coelicolor, which exposed to the genetic improvement using UV radiations to obtain a highly activity of an inhibitory protein at 10 s of the exposure period. The activity and stability continued for 5 d at 37 °C. The maximum activity and stability of an improved inhibitory protein were obtained with optimization of environmental conditions included inoculum size (106 cfu/ml/300 µl), incubation period (14 d), agitation speed (160 rpm), incubation temperature (30 °C), and pH (8.5). An inhibitor was purified and separated at 34 KDa.Conclusion: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory protein as a powerful hypoglycemic agent was extracted from the filtrate of S. coelicolor. The mutant strain of the latter had been produced most active and stable inhibitory protein, which prevents the starch hydrolysis via an inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme for 5 d at 37 °C.
SENNA PLANT INDUCES DISRUPTION ON THE MITOCHONDRIA OF HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA
Authors: Ukil Bidisha , Roy Saptarshi , Nandi Suranjana , Lyndem Larisha M.
Published: May 2018

Objective: The present study aims at observing the effects of three species of Senna plants, viz. Senna alata, S. alexandrina and S. occidentalis on the ultrastructure of the mitochondria of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta.Methods: Worms were treated with leaf extracts of the three plant species with a standard dose concentration of 40 mg/ml and keeping one group of parasites in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a control. The parasites from control and treated medium were simultaneously removed after the loss of motility and fixed in 3% gluteraldehyde. They were processed for ultramicrograph observations of the worm’s mitochondria with special reference to shape and cytoplasm through transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: The study showed loss of architecture in the outer mitochondrial membrane. The inner membrane became distorted with inconspicuous cristae and matrix became lucent in all plant treated worms compared to control. Amongst the three plants, S. alexandrina showed overall distortion in the shape leading to bloating of mitochondria.Conclusion: The observations depict pronounced alterations in the structure of mitochondria, thus signifying depletion of energy synthesis in the parasite. Senna plant could, therefore, be a potent anthelmintic alternative.
ISOLATION OF CUCURBITACIN-B FROM CUCUMIS CALLOSUS AND ITS HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT IN ISOLATED RAT ENTEROCYTES
Authors: Panda Siva Prasad , Sarangi Asit Kumar , Panigrahy Uttam Prasad
Published: May 2018

Objective: The pericarp of fruits of Cucumis callous (Rottl.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is traditionally used for curing diabetes, epilepsy, and diarrhea. It has an active compound include Cucurbitacin-B (CuB), which acts as a potent inducer of CYP450 of rat enterocytes. This study was conducted with the aim of elaborating and reconciling our previous finding on the glucose-lowering effect of Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. fruits.Methods: In vivo hypoglycemic potential for methanolic pericarp extracts from C callosus (MPCC, 350 mg/kg b.w. p. o), methanolic seed extract of C callosus (MSCC, 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o) and CuB (80 µg/kg b.w. p. o) were studied in streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg b.w. i. p) induced diabetic rats. Metformin (25 mg/kg b.w. p. o) served as reference drug. Ex vivo model of intestinal tissue preparation of Swiss albino rats named Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) technique was performed for ex vivo hypoglycemic study. The glucose levels in the serosal fluid were determined by commercially available glucose oxidase kit and compared with the standard drug metformin (0.1 mg/kg).Results: In vivo results showed that administration of MPCC (350 mg/kg b.w. p. o) and Cucurbitacin-B (80 µg/kg b.w. p. o) produced the hypoglycemic effect. The MPCC (1.4 mg/kg) and CuB (0.4 µg/kg) produced hypoglycemic effect in ex vivo technique. These effects are due to induction of 0.53 mµmoles of CYP450 proteins with maximum absorption at 454 mµ in rat enterocytes.Conclusion: The present investigation gave evidence that bitter pericarp of C callosus fruit has a hypoglycemic effect due to the presence of Cucurbitacin B as phytoconstituent but seeds did not have such effects.
ENSEÑANZA Y RESPONSABILIDAD: IMPLICACIONES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DEL CONSTRUCCIONISMO SOCIAL EN EDUCACIÓN
Authors: Jaramillo Echeverri Luis Guillermo
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo de reflexión expone, inicialmente, la manera como un discurso socio-construccionista debilita la Sociología del Conocimiento en general y la Sociología de la Educación en particular. Como propuesta, se presenta la postura social-realista del sociólogo de la educación Michael Young (2008). Seguidamente, se despliegan algunos alcances pedagógicos del realismo social en la escuela. Por último, se propone la enseñanza como un desafío pedagógico que demanda responsabilidad por parte del maestro frente al aprendizaje de sus estudiantes.
EDUCACIÓN SOCIAL MEDIATIZADA CON TECNOLOGÍAS EN UNA RED VIRTUAL DE DESARROLLO
Authors: Mercado Borja William Enrique , Luján Rodríguez Guillermo , Guarnieri Griselda
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: identificar y relacionar aspectos de la educación social mediada por TIC para fortalecer los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en ambientes virtuales. Metodología: investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio, la cual permite abordar con pertinencia el proceso formativo mediado con TIC en entornos no reales, sus necesidades y falencias frente a la construcción de conocimiento y generación de aprendizajes significativos. Hallazgos: el acercamiento al foco de interés dejó ver las potencialidades que ofrece la interacción social y la democratización del conocimiento, y reconocer la relación intrínseca entre el aprendizaje dado en una red virtual de desarrollo y la dimensión social de los partícipes. Conclusiones: se ratifica la necesidad de posibilitar un aprendizaje libre y abierto, que democratice el conocimiento y fomente la participación proactiva, al igual que llevar a cabo procesos de investigación que potencien el valor social, técnico y didáctico de las TIC. De ahí, que una red virtual de desarrollo permite la interacción desde las habilidades sociales del sujeto, y el planteamiento de marcos conceptuales y tecnológicos que cualifiquen el e-learning y la gestión del conocimiento.
Patient-Centered Medical Home Status and Preparedness to Assess Resident Milestones
Authors: Wilkins Thad , Yoo Wonsuk , Gillies Ralph A. , Dahl-Smith Julie , Dubose Jacqueline , Hobbs Joseph , Smith Selina , Seehusen Dean A.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model has been proposed as the ideal model for delivering primary care and is focused on improving patient safety and quality, reducing costs, and enhancing patient satisfaction. The mandated Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education educational milestones for evaluation of resident competency represent the skills graduates will utilize after graduation. Many of these skills are reflected in the PCMH model. We sought to determine if residency programs whose main family medicine (FM) practice sites have achieved PCMH recognition are therefore more prepared to evaluate milestones.
Method: A national Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey of family medicine program directors (PDs) was conducted during June and July 2015 to determine if PCMH recognition influences PDs’ ability to evaluate training methods and their level of preparedness to evaluate milestones.
Results: The response rate for the survey was 53.3% (252/473). Nearly two-thirds of the PDs (62.7%) reported that their main FM practice site had earned PCMH recognition. There was no statistical difference between non-PCMH-recognized vs PCMH-recognized programs in how PDs perceived that their program was prepared to assess residents’ milestone levels overall (P=0.414). Residents of PCMH-recognized programs were more likely to receive training for team-based care (P=0.009), system improvement plans (P<0.001), root-cause analysis (P=0.002), and health behavior change (P=0.003).
Conclusions: PCMH recognition itself did not improve preparedness of FM residency programs to assess milestones. Residents from programs whose main FM practice site is PCMH-recognized are more likely to be trained in the key concepts and tasks associated with the PCMH model, tools that they are expected to utilize extensively after graduation.
Effects of different force magnitudes on corticotomy-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Kraiwattanapong Kriangkrai , Samruajbenjakun Bancha
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of light and heavy forces with corticotomy on tooth movement rate, alveolar bone response, and root resorption in a rat model.

Materials and Methods:

The right and left sides of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned using the split-mouth design to two groups: light force with corticotomy (LF) and heavy force with corticotomy (HF). Tooth movement was performed on the maxillary first molars using a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring delivering either 10 g (light force) or 50 g (heavy force). Tooth movement and alveolar bone response were assessed by micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) at day 0 as the baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Root resorption was examined by histomorphometric analysis at day 28.

Results:

Micro-CT analysis showed a significantly greater tooth movement in the HF group at days 7 and 14 but no difference in bone volume fraction at any of the observed periods. Histomorphometric analysis found no significant difference in root resorption between the LF and HF groups at day 28.

Conclusions:

Heavy force with corticotomy increased tooth movement at days 7 and 14 but did not show any difference in alveolar bone change or root resorption.
Human Proislet Peptide Promotes Pancreatic Progenitor Cells to Ameliorate Diabetes Through FOXO1/Menin-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Jiang Zongzhe , Shi Diwen , Tu Yifan , Tian Jingjing , Zhang Wenjian , Xing Bowen , Wang Jihua , Liu Suhuan , Lou Jinning , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Hua Xianxin , Ma Xiaosong
Published: May 2018

We investigated how human proislet peptide (HIP) regulates differentiation of human fetus–derived pancreatic progenitor cells (HFPPCs) and explored the potential link between HIP signaling and the menin pathway, which is key to regulating pancreatic islet differentiation. The data show that HIP promoted expression of proislet transcription factors (TFs), including PDX-1, MAFA, and NKX6.1, as well as other maturation markers of β-cells, such as insulin, GLUT2, KIR6.2, SUR1, and VDCC. Moreover, HIP increased insulin content and promoted the ability of HFPPCs to normalize blood glucose in diabetic mice. HIP inhibited the TF FOXO1 by increasing AKT-mediated phosphorylation. HIP-induced repression of FOXO1 suppressed menin expression, leading to reducing menin binding to the promoter of the three key proislet TFs, decreasing recruitment of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1, and thus reducing repressive H3K9me3 at the promoter. These coordinated actions lead to increased expression of the proislet TFs, resulting in induction of HFPPC differentiation. Consistently, constitutive activation of FOXO1 blocks HIP-induced transcription of these TFs. Together, these studies unravel the crucial role of the HIP/AKT/FOXO/menin axis in epigenetically controlling expression of proislet TFs, regulating the differentiation of HFPPCs, and normalizing blood glucose in diabetic mice.