bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Como ensinar cuidados paliativos para estudantes de Medicina e Enfermagem? Uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Medeiros Ricardo Vilela , Trovo Mônica Martins , Duarte Carolina Sarmento , Barros Danielle de Magalhães de , Fukuda Márcio Veronesi , Freitas Arabella Claudine Soares de , Latorre Gabriela Varajão de , Herbst Lívia Grigoriitchuk
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Introdução: A garantia na oferta de cuidados paliativos (CP) a pacientes e seus familiares que enfrentam doenças graves e ameaçadoras da vida é uma responsabilidade ética dos sistemas de saúde, bem como dos profissionais. Diversas ações contribuem para a garantia na prestação desse tipo de cuidado, podendo-se destacar o ensino em CP para os profissionais de saúde. No Brasil, a inclusão do ensino de CP na graduação é exceção, tanto para o curso de Medicina como de Enfermagem. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar quais são as competências paliativistas recomendadas para o ensino de CP nas graduações em Medicina e Enfermagem, e caracterizar as evidências das melhores práticas para o ensino de CP para graduandos desses cursos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, em que foram utilizarados os seguintes descritores: Medical student, Nursing student, education, learning, teaching e palliative care. A busca ocorreu, com o emprego do recurso booleano OR e AND, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Resultado: A estratégia de busca gerou 182 artigos potenciais para inclusão nesta revisão. Destes, 85 foram excluídos por não estarem dentro dos critérios de inclusão, e 13, por não estarem disponíveis para acesso na plataforma digital. Os artigos incluídos trouxeram aspectos das competências a serem desenvolvidas para prática de CP, estratégias de ensino e estrutura curricular. A maior parte dos estudos incluídos teve como enfoque as estratégias de ensino, com destaque para as metodologias ativas que têm por objetivo não apenas a transferência de conhecimento, mas também o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes para oferta de um cuidado que visa ao alívio do sofrimento. Conclusão: A revisão integrativa de literatura desenvolvida permitiu identificar as competências a serem adquiridas ainda nas graduações em Medicina e Enfermagem para que os futuros profissionais possam ofertar CP primários, bem como as melhores estratégias de ensino utilizadas.
INCONFIDÊNCIA MINEIRA: MEDIAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS
Authors: Focas Júnia Diniz
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Ao focalizarmos a Inconfidência Mineira e suas realizações discursivas, estaremos analisando um processo dialético nascido no núcleo político e econômico da Capitania de Minas Gerais. Lidaremos com conjuntos de unidades discursivas com particularidades específicas: o discurso evasivo como forma de “dizer dupla”, a paráfrase e a polissemia. Nosso objetivo será então o de analisar os funcionamentos discursivos das falas dos inconfidentes, enunciadas no contexto das devassas judiciais através da presença de enunciados pouco precisos (evasivos), da paráfrase, que institui o sentido literal e da polissemia que produz deslocamentos de sentidos através das ambigüidades. O estudo está fundamentado na Análise de Discurso, desvendando os sentidos do poder colonial e de como deles emergiu a fala da liberdade dos conspiradores mineiros. Desse quadro enunciativo, surgiu uma fala contraditória, ao mesmo tempo submissa e rebelde, na qual o discurso evasivo dos inconfidentes, na instância da repressão portuguesa, constituiu o réu condenado - Tiradentes. Desse intrincamento de sentidos, nasce o “discurso da História”, fruto do confronto de sentidos ideológicos no “discurso na História”, fundamentador do símbolo da independência e da identidade da nacional.
O MUNDO ABERTO DE TURNER
Authors: Peloggio Marcelo
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Tomando a pintura O incêndio da Casa dos Lordes e dos Comuns, de Turner, o presente ensaio propõe elucidar o efeito de sentido produzido pelo seu discurso pictórico, observando, ao mesmo tempo, o caráter filosófico de sua figuratividade. Em outras palavras: o texto analisa a qualidade plástica das manifestações verbais que iconizam um sentido para a pintura e o mundo.
SENSAÇÕES E A RAZÃO EM NA FLORESTA DO ALHEAMENTO
Authors: Sá Jussara Bittencourt de
Published: October 2024

Resumo O presente artigo delineia uma leitura do poema dramático Na Floresta do Alheamento de Fernando Pessoa, privilegiando reflexões sobre sensações e razão, articuladas com a obra Meditações de René Descartes.
TRABALHOS DE FACE EM INTERAÇÕES PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Salgado Maria das Graças
Published: October 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que maneira os trabalhos de face interferem na construção do discurso da emoção a partir de cartas de clientes dirigidas a uma empresa de seguro de saúde. Adoto o conceito de emoção como um construto cultural, prática discursiva construída na interação, e a noção de trabalhos de face utilizada na teoria da polidez. Metodologicamente, a análise, de natureza qualitativa, é desenvolvida considerando emoções que honram e/ou ameaçam a face dos participantes. Os resultados indicam que os clientes usam estratégias discursivas emocionais de defesa da própria face e de ameaça explícita à face da empresa para alcançar objetivos nem sempre contemplados pelas normas contratuais.
Competências socioemocionais mobilizadas por enfermeiros-líderes no enfrentamento da pandemia pelo covid-19 em um hospital universitário
Authors: Santos Ises Adriana Reis dos , Amestoy Simone Coelho , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da , Conceição Marimeire Morais da , Varanda Patrícia Alves Galhardo , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert , Silva Ingredy Nayara Chiacchio , Santos Olga Maria Brito dos
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as competências socioemocionais mobilizadas por enfermeiros-líderes durante e após o enfrentamento da pandemia pelo covid-19 em um hospital universitário. Método: Estudo de caso, realizado com 16 enfermeiras(os) atuantes na liderança de unidades e serviços de um hospital universitário do nordeste do Brasil. Dados coletados em dois momentos mediante entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas ocorreram entre o mês de agosto a dezembro de 2022 e janeiro a agosto de 2023. Procedeu-se à análise temática indutiva e codificada, segundo a técnica bucket theme, auxiliado pelo software NVivo12 e sustentada pelo agrupamento de 25 itens constantes na Escala de Competências Socioemocionais. Resultados: Durante o enfrentamento da pandemia pelo covid-19, os enfermeiros esboçaram um misto de emoções em face ao desconhecimento da doença. Diante do clima de medo e da sensação de desamparo, elaboraram estratégias que minimizassem os riscos de adoecimento e morte. Emergindo duas categorias: Clima emocional vivenciado pelos enfermeiros e Estratégias de enfrentamento desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros no contexto da pandemia pelo covid-19. Considerações finais: Identificou-se nos relatos dos enfermeiros as competências da consciência social, regulação, autocontrole, criatividade e consciência emocional. Estas competências contribuíram para o enfrentamento do período pandêmico, a partir da participação, envolvimento e integração dos profissionais.
Sonhos brancos para feitos negros: cinema, épico e hierarquização racial durante a Primeira República
Authors: Lapera Pedro Vinicius Asterito
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Este artigo pretende analisar a conexão entre os elementos narrativos, o sucesso comercial alcançado pelo filme Spartaco (Giovanni Enrico Vidali, Pasquale Film, Itália, 1913), a cobertura midiática da Revolta da Chibata, o enquadramento de um senso comum por parte do público quanto a esses eventos e, de modo mais geral, quanto ao passado recente da escravidão e ao papel da população afro-brasileira na conquista de direitos no momento imediato pós-Abolição. Em se tratando de uma leitura racialmente dirigida à obra, nosso argumento principal é o de que o consumo de Spartaco por parte dos espectadores brasileiros atuou no apagamento do referente negro de heroísmo e de rebelião a partir de episódios temporalmente muito próximos à exibição do filme – a Revolta da Chibata e o julgamento de João Cândido – e conectados à herança do período escravocrata. Como metodologia para análise das fontes escritas, adotamos o paradigma indiciário, tal como preconizado por Carlo Ginzburg (2007).
Research on information construction of knowledge graph based on literature retrieval in english learning
Authors: Zhao Guolong
Published: October 2024

Abstract This study aimed to explore the construction of an English language knowledge graph based on literature retrieval to support intelligent education. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on students’ experiences with traditional and technology-enhanced learning approaches. Literature was also retrieved and analyzed to populate the knowledge graph domains. The results showed that implementing a knowledge graph significantly improved learning personalization and fostered greater student engagement compared to conventional teaching methods. Real-time analytics and continuous feedback further optimized the learning process. Post-implementation assessments found notable gains in students’ academic performance and inclination toward English learning. The personalized, adaptive learning environment facilitated by the knowledge graph more effectively sustained interest and promoted achievement. In conclusion, knowledge graphs constructed through literature analysis hold promising potential for advancing English education when incorporated into intelligent tutoring systems. By mapping interconnections within the subject domain visually and computationally, they can power highly customized instruction tailored to individual needs.
Manguinhos hospitals: reflections on scientific politics and heritage, from tropical diseases to covid-19
Authors: Costa Renato da Gama-Rosa , Santos Renata Soares da Costa , Martire Giovanna Ermida
Published: October 2024

Abstract In 2020 the world suffered from covid-19. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz faced itself again with a challenging task. One of its strategies while battling the disease was building a hospital. It was not the first time the institution would build such a healthcare facility. The first hospital, which nowadays needs preservation measures, opened in 1918 intending to study and treat tropical diseases. The second, built in 2021, was a field hospital designed to treat the new epidemic victims. This article aims to reflect upon both hospitals’ construction contexts, as well as contribute to studies on the history of science and health.
As políticas educativas para a educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil na perspectiva da agenda 2030: argumentos para um debate
Authors: Novais Valéria Silva de Moraes , Akkari Abdeljalil
Published: October 2024

RESUMO O artigo versa sobre as articulações entre a política nacional e a supranacional para a educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) na agenda internacional, especialmente a Agenda 2030, por meio de seus Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável — ODS, ressaltando algumas reverberações na aprovação das legislações educacionais ocorrida no período de 2015 a 2022. O objetivo deste estudo, de cunho teórico e crítico, foi identificar as interseções existentes entre a legislação educacional voltada para a EJA e o ODS-4 (metas 4.4 e 4.6). Para isso, adotou-se a pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório, sendo analisados também os documentos da Agenda 2030 e da lei nº 13.005/2014. Os resultados apontam para um movimento de alinhamento com a agenda global para a educação e as resoluções e decretos aprovados no período analisado, que em seu conjunto revela o enfoque na formação técnica e profissional e uma concepção minimalista de alfabetização das pessoas jovens e adultas.
Strategies and movements of large publicly held higher education groups between 2007 and 2021
Authors: Carvalho Cristina Helena Almeida de , Lima Raimundo da Silva
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT The objective of the article is to analyze the strategies and movements of private higher education groups publicly traded on the Brazilian stock exchange (B3) from 2007 until the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation focuses on the groups Cogna, Yduqs, Ser Educacional and Ânima, with data taken from Hoper Consultoria and Instituto SEMESP, in addition to mapping the movements recorded on B3 and related news. It is concluded that, during the pandemic, these companies obtained good economic results, therefore satisfying their shareholders, in view of the dynamism in the restructuring and diversification of portfolios. Hybrid learning should be the trend for the next few years. However, the precariousness of teaching work has worsened, as did market financialization and concentration—characteristics of the four groups analyzed, which can be further accelerated both in higher education and in basic education through e-learning, besides the focus on niche markets, especially medical courses.
VigiNUTRI Brasil: métodos de solicitação, extração de dados, tratamento e análise de consistência de dados individualizados de adolescentes acompanhados pelo Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan Web)
Authors: Alves Rafaella Lemos , Toral Natacha , Silva Thiago Luiz Nogueira da , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever os métodos para a solicitação, extração de dados, tratamento e análise de consistência de dados antropométricos e de consumo alimentar de adolescentes acompanhados pelo Sisvan Web. Métodos Estudo metodológico com dados individualizados do Sisvan Web entre 2008 e 2018. Os módulos de antropometria e consumo, disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, possuíam um identificador único para linkages. Excluíram-se valores implausíveis e indivíduos fora da faixa etária. Análises de consistência, com correções por imputações e estatísticas descritivas, foram realizadas pelo software Stata 16.0. Resultados Obteve-se uma base com 18.812.232 observações de dados antropométricos entre 2008 e 2018 e 440.534 registros de consumo alimentar entre 2015 e 2018; após a junção dos bancos, foram obtidas 64.976 observações. Conclusão A junção dos bancos de antropometria e consumo alimentar permitiu vincular dados individuais dos adolescentes e construir um banco com informações para análises futuras relativas ao perfil alimentar e nutricional do mesmo indivíduo.
Evidence-based flood resilience models for bridges
Authors: Beaver Elliot , Mitoulis Stergios-Aristoteles
Published: October 2024

Bridges are critical transport link that are frequently impacted by flooding. Despite substantial research on the risk of bridges to floods, there is a knowledge gap regarding restoration modelling, as there are very few available in the literature and most of them rely on expert elicitation. This paper provides the first restoration models that are based on documented cases and real data. The restoration of a portfolio of bridges that were damaged or collapsed during the 2015 Cumbrian floods in the UK was analysed. The purpose of this exercise was to develop a methodology that can be replicated to other case studies for facilitating resilience modelling for bridges affected by floods. Published restoration and recovery modelling techniques were used to establish a repeatable way of analysing a large portfolio of bridges in one model, offering valuable insights into the specific challenges and strategic considerations essential for effective post-flood recovery. This approach evaluates the serviceability levels during the restoration process and identifies key factors influencing restoration outcomes, underscoring the need for evidence-based restoration models to enhance infrastructure resilience against future flood events.
The Effect of Various Parameters in the Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore of Niğde-Türkiye
Authors: Kaya Özlem , Uysal Gürol
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the main parameters affecting the leaching of low grade zinc oxide ores with sulfuric acid. The influence of leaching time (5 to 480 minutes), sulfuric acid concentration (25 to 125 g/L), leaching temperature (25 to 90 °C), particle size (-104 µm, -82 µm, -60 µm, -49 µm) and solid/liquid ratio (1/10, 1/7.5, 1/5, 1/4) was investigated. The effects of these process parameters were studied with to achieve maximum zinc extraction with minimum iron extraction and acid consumption. The optimum parameters for sulfuric acid leaching of zinc ore were determined to be 60 min leaching time, 75 g/L sulfuric acid concentration, 80 oC leaching temperature, 1/10 solid/liquid ratio and -60 µm particle size. Under these optimum conditions, Zn extraction (%), Fe extraction (%) and acid consumption (ton H2SO4/ dissolved ton Zn) were obtained 88.68%, 25.83% and 5.47 ton H2SO4/ dissolved ton Zn respectively.
Cost Minimization with Project Crashing: Comparison of the Traditional Solution and Genetic Algorithm Approach
Authors: Caglayan Semih , Yıgıt Sadik
Published: October 2024

Existence of delays and cost overruns frequently puts the project viability in jeopardy. The integrated nature of these threats brings forward project scheduling as the primary determinant of project management success. The quality of project scheduling depends highly on the way resources are assigned to activities. In the project management literature, the efficiency of resource allocation is examined closely by the phenomenon called project crashing. This study introduces traditional and genetic algorithm approaches for the project crashing events and explains their steps in achieving the most efficient resource allocation. Within this context, the project crashing event is visualized, the insights of alternative approaches are described, and their implementations are illustrated with a case study. Besides, the procedures required for adopting the genetic algorithm approach to a typical problem are expressed. The case study illustration reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the genetic algorithm approach over the traditional approach. It is observed that the genetic algorithm approach can reach the solution in a single phase while the traditional approach requires multiple phases. On the other hand, the genetic algorithm approach may not reach the optimum solution unless the toolbox options are appropriately selected. This study presents the contribution of operational research to the project management body of knowledge by demonstrating the applicability and efficiency of genetic algorithm in the project crashing events. Researchers and industry practitioners may benefit from the proposed approach by following the indicated procedures to incorporate genetic algorithm into optimization issues in different fields.
Additions to the Knowledge of the Flat Wasps Fauna of Türkiye (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)
Authors: Can İlyas , Tezcan Serdar , De Rond Jeroen
Published: October 2024

To detect the natural enemies of Scolytus rugulosus (Muller, 1818) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which is harmful to cherry trees, parasitoid wasp specimens were collected during field studies in the Kemalpaşa district of Izmir, Türkiye, between 1993 and 1995. This study evaluated 89 bethylid specimens collected in field studies. The wasps were collected by beating branches of cherry trees and reared on S. rugulosus larvae. All collected specimens were identified, and as a result, two previously unreported Bethylidae species, Bethylus mandibularis (Kieffer, 1904) and Goniozus claripennis (Förster, 1851) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), were recorded from Türkiye. The newly recorded species are briefly described and illustrated. Additional records are provided for Cephalonomia hypobori Kieffer, 1919, already reported from Türkiye. The number of species now known from the country has increased from 14 to 16, belonging to 14 genera and four subfamilies.
COMPLICATING THE (WORLD) PICTURE
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the RAS, Zubkova E. Yu. , Narskii I. V. ,   Perm State University, Orlova G. A. ,   HSE (Moscow)
Published: October 2024

The article, which dedicated to the jubilee of Galina Yankovskaya could be characterized as a collage consisted of fragments of different styles and compositions. Three authors use a date in a historian’s biography as a reason for thinking about interdisciplinary trends in modern historical science and play with the genres of historical narratives. E.Yu. Zubkova shares her vision of the situation in the historiography of late Stalinism and highlights the intersections of her own interpretations of this period with the works of G. Yankovskaya. I.V. Narsky imagined a conversation that could take place between him and the hero of the day about the key issues of visual historical research and new cultural history. Based on the the 2007-2008 monographs on Soviet artists of the Stalinist era and on private photographic practice in the USSR, participants in the imaginary discussion will address a range of issues of concern to them. Two books and their reviews are used as material for a virtual discussion on key issues of visual historical research and new cultural history. These include the impact of the country's development in the 1990s on the research interests of young historians, the origins of the 'visual turn' and its relationship to the shift in interest of Russian historians from events, structures and processes to 'ordinary' people, and the prospects and difficulties of working with the image as a historical source. G.A. Orlova in the first part of her section raises the question of the screen nature of a jubilee. The hero of the day’s statement, that a professional historian should enhance the complexity of the world picture, is contextualized and problematized. In the second part, the results of curating a biographical conversation with Galina Yankovskaya are presented in the form of nine screen-shorts. The life on the big river under late socialism and the river as a frame for the temporal experience of the historian are in focus.
THE PIONEER GROUP “CARAVELLA” AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL ENGINEERING PROJECT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POST-CONFLICT SITUATION OF THE 1970s AND 1980s
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Lunkov A. S. ,   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The end of the Second World War had a profound impact on the societies involved, shaping their post-conflict situations. It is crucial to distinguish between two key concepts: the “post-war situation”, denoting the period following the cessation of hostilities and transition to peace, and the “post-conflict situation”, defined by how the parties involved in the conflict experience, understand, and respond to its progression and resolution. During this period, youth organizations worldwide embarked on projects aimed at preparing individuals for the new era after the war. However, by the early 1960s, society began to move away from immediate post-war expe-riences and focus on commemoration, constructing individual and collective memories. Children's organizations in many countries shifted from project-based approaches to operational ones, updating existing models for shap-ing successive generations. This shift ushered in a phase of “mass production” of individuals tailored to society's specific needs. Simultaneously, a new post-conflict situation emerged globally, marked by internal conflicts in the Warsaw Pact countries (for example, Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968), as well as in Western nations (such as the late 1960s student movements). Against this backdrop, alternative approaches to human de-velopment gained traction. These counter-projects offered different perspectives on the education of the younger generation, challenging mainstream practices. One notable example of this was the Soviet pioneer group “Caravella”, distinguished by its passion, clear vision for the future, and the resources for implementing its social engineering project. This article reconstructs the social engineering project implemented within the “Caravella” group, examining its characteristics as a counter-project opposing the mainstream pioneer movement.
“EMINENT CITIZEN OF RYLSK”, GAVRILA DERZHAVIN AND THE “WOEFUL WIDOW” TOMBSTONE OF GRIGORY SHELIKHOV IN IRKUTSK AND MEMORIAL PRACTICES IN RUSSIA IN THE LATE 18TH – EARLY 19TH CENTURIES
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Boltunova E. М. , Mitina Е. I. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: October 2024

The article discusses memorial practices at a cemetery, i.e., the practices that represent earliest attempts to communicate a late person’s status and his/her lifetime deeds. The tombstone is considered as a set of elements containing semantic load (epitaphs, visuals, design features, etc.), which help to consolidate the image of a de-ceased person. The gravestone of Grigory Shelikhov, an Irkutsk merchant known for organizing expeditions to Russian America and founding the North-Eastern Company, is selected as a notable example. This monument was constructed on the territory of the Znamensky Monastery of Irkutsk in 1800. It combines typical features as well as some unique elements of gravestones of the late 18th – early 19th centuries (such as indicating poetic epi-taphs authorship and the cost of the tombstone, as well as an unconventional image of Empress Catherine II). The authors explore the features of Grigory Shelikhov’s tombstone and the historical context around the Shelikhovs’ activities after the merchant’s death. They demonstrate that the tombstone was an attempt to demon-strate the role of the deceased in establishing the future Russian-American Company. The Shelikhov family used the monument as a tool to secure their right to control the company and to signify the family’s social capital at the local level. The authors make use of field research database “Memorial Culture in Russia: Tombstones of the 18th – 20th Centuries”, collected at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.
“GREAT” – “SIGNIFICANT” – “GREAT” AGAIN: HOW VASILY VERESHCHAGIN'S PLACE IN THE SOVIET CULTURE OF THE 1920s AND 1960s WAS SOUGHT
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Solodyankina O. Yu. , Vsevolodov A. V. ,   Cherepovets State University
Published: October 2024

Vasily Vereshchagin’s cultural reputation has been popularly viewed and scholarly treated as a narrow space between two dominant genres in his artistry – battle scenes and ethnographical (or even Orientalist) paint-ings. Since the 1950s, the former has prevailed, so the narrative formula khudozhnik-batalist (“the battle paint-er”) has become an obvious cliché to characterize Vereshchagin’s role in art history, especially within the con-text of 19th-century Russian realistic painting. Based on both archival and published sources, the article traces the academic, ideological and personal circumstances that led to the development of this discursive concept from the 1920s to the 1960s. It also shows how controversial the final evolution of this concept was when it became a stereotype during the years of late Stalinism. But making Vereshchagin “one of the greatest battle painters in the world art history” (as art historian Andrey K. Lebedev proclaimed in his fundamental monograph published in 1958) has also led to his recognition as one of the greatest Russian classic painters, which was rather more dis-putable. In the Soviet hierarchy of classic artists, Vereshchagin did not achieve high status until the late 1930s, due to his bourgeois background and colonialist implications of his work, found and then castigated by some Marxist critics. Nevertheless, he was perceived as close (sometimes confusingly) to the circle of Peredvizhniks, and was considered to share a common ideological and aesthetic program with them. Such ambivalence can be seen as a sign of Vereshchagin’s artistic marginality. However, we can argue that, due to the relation to the Peredvizhniki movement and his ideological and stylistic unity with it (as was scholarly established by A. K. Lebedev’s studies in the 1930s – the 1960s), Vereshchagin’s personality and heritage were given a long-awaited permission to claim a distinct place in Soviet culture.
SCIENCE IN LATE SOVIET HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: GOVERNANCE, HIERARCHIES, AND INTERACTIONS
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Antoshchuk I. A. , Ilyin A. A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: October 2024

The introductory article problematizes the understudied issues of the institutional history of science in the late Soviet higher education (HE) from the 1950s to the 1980s, generalizing on the articles of the thematic issue. The authors depart from the idea of multiple modes of governance and the agency of universities and rely on a combination of “history from above” and “history from below”. Analyzing organizational forms along with insti-tutional logics, the authors find that the functioning of HE science was more complex than proponents of its “secondary” character and isolation from the academic and industrial sectors suggest. The increasing substantive and organizational complexity of HE science required more fine-tuned management. However, the development of non-directive regulatory mechanisms and informal interactions, while partially solving this problem, even led to increased tension under the dominance of command-administrative measures. The late Soviet period is charac-terized by the increasing complexity of HEI hierarchy in terms of the volume and nature of scientific research work (R&D). High competition led to the consolidation of a group of leading universities, which later became the forerunners of post-Soviet national research universities. Although HEIs demonstrated remarkable adaptabil-ity to changes in scientific and technological policies, their agentic strategies were reactive, tending to maintain the status quo rather than contribute to institutional changes. The late Soviet period was also marked by the im-plicit spread of pro-market logics and mechanisms of interaction, such as competition, contract research, effi-ciency discourse, economization, and quantification. It enables us to find the deep roots of neoliberal reforms in post-Soviet higher education in Soviet legacy.
ASYMMETRIC COMPETITION: CLASSICAL UNIVERSITIES AND STRUGGLE FOR SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP DURING THE LATE SOVIET PERIOD
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Stepnov A. O. , Gribovskiy M. V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The article characterizes the process of universities' struggle for scientific leadership during the late Soviet period, in light of government approaches to the allocation of resources for the development of the research sphere. In the 1930s, the Soviet government gave universities their own unique identity, but priority in organiz-ing and financing advanced scientific research was given to the Academy of Sciences and industrial research institutes. This imbalance continued throughout the Soviet period. Under these circumstances, universities faced asymmetric competition. They needed to find additional funding by following the dominant ideas of the Soviet establishment about the criteria for useful scientific research – one that gives quick results with a noticeable im-pact on the national economy. In this struggle, a few leaders emerged (no more than 10% of all universities), among which a number of old Russian universities, such as those in Moscow, Leningrad, Kazan, Tomsk, etc., occupied a prominent place. As a result, there was a bias towards applied developments, and little support was given to fundamental and especially humanities research. This was due to universities seeking their place in changing political and public context. This feature is characteristic of post-Soviet universities, which, after find-ing their niche in the Soviet apparatus empire, moved away from the canonical image of a classical university. This shift seems paradoxical, because often this image has pushed universities towards the path of struggle for scientific leadership.
“THIRD SECTOR”: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL OF UNIVERSITY SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE LATE USSR
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Abramov R. N. ,   Federal Research Sociological Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the efforts to stimulate university science at the level of management and methodolog-ical organization of university R&D during the period from the 1960s to the 1980s. The article is based on the study of materials of late Soviet publications, interviews with engineers who worked in the field of R&D during the late Soviet period, and recollections of university employees involved in R&D. It is generally believed that research activities in the late USSR were predominantly concentrated in the academic sector and branch research institutes, while universities were on their periphery. However, new studies show that HEIs were seen as an inte-gral element of the R&D system, and there were attempts made at the Union level to intensify the involvement of Soviet HEIs in these activities. Decrees were adopted on additional funding and incentives for contracting between performers from HEIs and customers from industry and sectoral research institutes. This practice be-came known as “contract science” and can be regarded as the inclusion of pro-market mechanisms in the sphere of R&D. The author discusses contradictions and barriers to more active involvement of universities in R&D. Soviet experts noted that financial and legal departments of universities approached initiative and contractual R&D with caution and created bureaucratic delays in their conclusion and implementation. Funding for R&D was unstable, leading to a high share of incomplete R&D. University science in engineering and technology also suffered from the common problems of Soviet R&D, such as the gap between the stage of development of a new product and inventing it and bringing it into industrial production. Delays or stoppages in implementation resulted in significant number of new developments made in cooperation with universities remaining at the prototype stage.
Finite Element Analysis Of a Real Man-made Disaster
Authors: Dereli Caner , Şahin Murat
Published: October 2024

Many software is used to analyse the effects of an explosion and its impact on other objects. ANSYS Autodyn is one such software. In this study, a real chemical weapons attack event that took place in Khan Sheikhoun, Syria on 4 April 2017 was simulated using ANSYS Autodyn software using the finite element method. The software was used to analyse whether the crater formed after the bombing event, whose boundary conditions (type and properties of the munition, properties of the ground, velocity of the munition and height of fall) and data are known, will be formed as a result of this collision and explosion. Looking at the results of the study, it can be seen that at the end of 6 different simulations, and especially as a result of the sixth simulation, the crater diameter converged to the real values by 97% and the crater depth by 92.4%. This strengthens the assumption that the ammunition in question was used in this incident.
Conformal Frequency Selective Surfaces in Radome Design: A Mini Review
Authors: Korkut Nagihan Aybegüm , Kara Ali , Ergün Yardım Funda
Published: October 2024

In aerospace engineering, radomes play an important role in protecting antenna systems from external interference and minimizing air resistance during flight. However, traditional radomes often fall short of providing the electromagnetic filtering and stealth capabilities important for modern aircraft applications. Conformal Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) radomes represent an evolutionary step beyond their conventional counterparts. These structures not only continue to protect antenna structures from environmental adversities, but also adapt seamlessly to non-planar surfaces. This adaptation is not only functional but also covers aerodynamic and aesthetic considerations, improving stealth capabilities and multi-band frequency operability, which are key factors for state-of-the-art communications and radar systems. However, design and implementation of conformal FSS radomes have some challenges. Considering that one of the authors has focused on such challenges for new generation air platforms, this study examines the contemporary advancements in conformal FSS radome technology, highlighting the latest research and breakthroughs. It covers latest findings on cutting-edge materials, design methodologies, simulation techniques for performance prediction, and the practical applications and advantages of these radomes. Building on a theoretical foundation of FSS and radome integration, the article discusses material and design innovations, simulation challenges, and practical implementations. It is hoped that this review will act as a bridge for knowledge sharing and a stimulant for continued research within the domain of conformal FSS radome technology
Hohes Niveau asbestassoziierter Todesfälle: Früherkennungsprogramme und ihre ambivalente Wirkung
Authors:   Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Lang Jessica
Published: October 2024

High levels of asbestos-related deaths: Early detection programs and their ambivalent effects (Interview) The number of asbestos-related deaths due to occupational diseases remains high. the German Social Accident Insurance (DGuV) reported 1520, 1623, and 1328 fatalities in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. To address this, occupational associations offer early detection programs. Since 1973, preventive medical check-ups have been carried out for employees formerly exposed to asbestos as part of secondary prevention. however, anxiety and uncertainty about the disease can deter individuals from participating, impacting the program’s effectiveness.
Bäckerasthma in Zeiten gesetzlicher Änderungen und der neuen S2k-Leitlinie „Fachärztliche Diagnostik und Therapie von Asthma“
Authors:   Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin u. Maritime Medizin (ZfAM) Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Preisser Alexandra M. , Damerau Lukas ,   Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Helm Matthias W. ,   Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hoven Hanno ,   Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Harth Volker ,   Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
Published: October 2024

Baker‘s asthma in times of legal changes and the new S2k guideline “Specialist diagnosis and treatment of asthma With the abolition of the statutory obligation to refrain from BK 4301, the recognition figures for this BK have increased significantly. The main representative is baker’s asthma, the treatment of which follows the revised step-by-step scheme of the new S2k asthma guideline. The effectiveness of the task has been proven for the prevention of the disease; however, there is a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of individual preventive measures. The “Asthma LINDern” research project aims to help close these gaps.
Der Nachweis beruflich verursachter Allergien ist ein komplexes Unterfangen: ein Fallbeispiel
Authors:   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), van Kampen Vera , Belting Kerstin ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Kespohl Sabine ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Sander Ingrid ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Raulf Monika ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Brüning Thomas ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Krabbe Julia ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA), Eisenhawer Christian ,   Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität-Bochum (IPA)
Published: October 2024

The detection of occupational allergies is a complex undertaking: A case study According to the recommendations for the diagnosis of occupational asthma, suspected cases require a confirmed asthma diagnosis, work-associated symptoms, evidence of sensitization to an occupational allergen and a close relationship between the occupation and the symptoms. In addition to a detailed medical history, several examinations and tests and a differentiated consideration of them are required in order to arrive at a final expert assessment. We report the case of a 58-year-old butcher who had been complaining of shortness of breath and coughing at his workplace in a slaughterhouse for 5 years. It was only after extensive investigations and a detailed medical history that a powdered kebab spice used in an adjacent room was suspected as the potential allergen. Diagnostic tests showed that the patient was sensitized to the spice. While the specific inhalation challenge (SIC) with kebab spice did not elicit an asthmatic reaction, a non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity in the insured person was observed. On the day after the SIC, the bronchial hyperreactivity was increased by a factor of three and there were further indications of eosinophilic or allergic reaction. In summary, the individual diagnostic components led to the assessment of this case as allergic occupational asthma. This case illustrates that an assessment of the individual diagnostic components in the diagnosis of occupational asthma is quite complex and not without pitfalls. Keywords: occupational asthma – diagnosis – sensitization – bronchial hyperreactivity
Teilzeitbeschäftigung und psychische Gesundheit bei Gymnasiallehrkräften
Authors:   Institut für Präventivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Seibt Reingard , Kreuzfeld Steffi ,   Institut für Präventivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
Published: October 2024

Part-time employment and mental health among upper secondary school teachers Objective: Due to the acute shortage of teachers, there is a debate in Germany about increasing the teaching obligations for part-time teachers (PTT). Many secondary school teachers work part-time in order to cope better with the high workload. Whether a reduction in teaching hours has a favourable effect on mental health is not yet known. Therefore, this study of PTTs investigates the association between real weekly working time and their mental health (inability to recover, burnout risk). Methods: The cross-sectional study included 5905 PTTs at German secondary schools (women: 81 %, average age: 44 ± 9 years), who recorded their working time daily over four weeks. Four part-time groups (PTG) were formed based on the percentage of teaching obligations of a full-time position: maximum (<100–90 %=PTGmax – reference group), high (<90–75 %=PTGhigh), medium (<75–50 %=PTGmed) and low (<50 %=PTGmin). These groups were compared in terms of their average weekly working time and their average time spent on teacher-specific activities (teaching, teaching-related and non-teaching activities) as well as their mental health. Results: The majority of PTTs exceed their contractually agreed working time. Unpaid overtime increases the lower the teaching obligation and averages between –0.4 (PTGmax) and 7.3 (PTGmin) hours/week. The reduction in teaching time has no association with mental health. One third of PTTs reported an inability to recover, 47 % reported burnout symptoms and 3 % reported burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The actual working time/week of PTTs at secondary schools varies greatly and sometimes includes considerable overtime. There is also a risk of mental health disorders for PTTs and therefore a need for preventative measures. Instead of a legal obligation, PTTs should rather be encouraged to voluntarily increase the number of their teaching hours in order to counteract the general shortage of teachers. Keywords: part-time teachers – unpaid overtime – mental health – ability to recover – burnout risk
Raumakustische Planung von ­Großraumbüros gemäß ASR A3.7
Authors:   KREBS+KIEFER  Beratende Ingenieure GmbH, Hamburg, Hannibal Moritz
Published: October 2024

Room acoustic planning of open-plan offices in ­accordance with ASR A3.7 Room acoustic verification for office use is generally carried out in accordance with the recommendations of DIN 18041. The introduction of the workplace regulation ASR A3.7 “Noise” in 2018 formulated additional requirements that can affect the dimensioning of room acoustics measures. This article summarizes practical experience in the acoustic planning of open-plan offices and examines the extent to which the target values described in ASR A3.7 are in line with the protection goals of occupational health and safety.
Lärm und Konzentration: Mehr als nur ein akustisches Problem
Authors:   Arbeitsgebiet Arbeitswissenschaft/Arbeitspsychologie, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Ganßauge Rico
Published: October 2024

Noise and concentration: More than just an acoustic problem – implications for work design Even for relatively simple concentration tasks, the extra-aural effects of noise below 80 dB(A) can impair performance. Specific effects are illustrated using the practical example of visual inspection. This requires a considerable degree of recurring concentration, but is difficult to classify on the basis of current regulations. Recommendations are therefore derived for practical application.
Betriebliches Gesundheits­management (BGM)
Authors:   Hessisches Ministerium  der Finanzen, Wiesbaden, Ott Anna Rosa
Published: October 2024

Corporate Health Management: Part 2: Peer-to-Peer – A company addiction prevention seminar for students Students advise students - this is the motto of the addiction prevention seminar that the Hessian Finance Administration successfully introduced in 2023. Participants are trained as peer counselors who then offer solution-oriented help on addiction issues as first responders for their peer group.
Nachhaltige Reiseberatung in der Arbeitsmedizin
Authors:   Daimler Truck AG,  Mitglied der Deutschen  Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale  Gesundheit e.V. (DTG), Leinfelden, La Roche Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Sustainable Travel Advice in Occupational Medicine Sustainable occupational health advice in travel medicine provides recommendations for maintaining health and avoiding illness. This avoids medical consultations in the host country, which also relieves the burden on the local healthcare system. The aspects of recyclability, resource conservation and waste avoidance are also taken into account.