bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing a community infusion service in Canterbury, New Zealand: strategies and lessons
Authors: McGonigle Lisa , Shand Brett , McGeoch Graham
Published: May 2022

Background and context An increasing number of drugs and blood products need to be delivered by intravenous infusion. In the Canterbury region of New Zealand, these have historically been delivered at a hospital site; however, some infusions could be delivered in a community setting without compromising patient safety. Assessment of problem The Canterbury health system has a key strategic objective of delivering care close to patients’ homes. In 2018, Canterbury district health board (DHB) put out a tender for a community infusion service that would deliver blood products and other intravenous drugs with appropriate medical oversight. Strategies for improvement Following an interview and selection process, a fee-for-service contract was developed with a group of general practices with partial common ownership. It was nurse-led with medical oversight available. In July 2018, a Community Infusion Service (CIS) was started in two urban sites in Canterbury. It later expanded to two more sites, one urban and one rural. Results From July 2018 to May 2021, over 3000 infusions and blood transfusions were delivered by the CIS across seven infusion types (blood; immunoglobulin; infliximab; natalizumab; pamidronate; toculizumab; zoledronic acid). Both general practice and hospital services referred patients to the CIS. No major incidents were reported. Patients reported satisfaction with the service. Lessons Infusions and blood products can be delivered safely nearer to patients’ homes in primary care in a New Zealand setting. Medical input was rarely required; however, the transition was resource-intensive; it required both overall process and criteria negotiations, as well as individual patient discussions. In its initial stages, the CIS did not have adequate clinical governance and operational support, which affected the speed and scale of its development.
Interaction between two parallel fire fronts under different wind conditions
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos , Reis Luís , Raposo Jorge , Rodrigues André , Viegas Domingos Xavier , Sharples Jason
Published: May 2022

Wildfires often exhibit complex and dynamic behaviour arising from interactions between the fire and surrounding environment that can create a rapid fire advance and result in loss of containment and critical fire safety concerns. A series of laboratory experiments involving the interaction of two parallel fire lines on a uniform fuel bed without slope under the influence of wind is presented and discussed. The two fire lines are initially separated by a certain distance (1, 2 m) and the subsequent fire spread is described. The results show that the pyroconvective interaction between the two fire lines and ambient wind modified the rate of spread of the approaching fire lines and their associated spread characteristics, independently of the distance between them. A physical interpretation of fire evolution based on the dynamic interaction between two parallel fire lines under wind flow is proposed. We use a dimensionless physical parameter, the Froude number. The results also demonstrated the existence of a wind flow velocity between 1 and 2 m s−1, corresponding to a Froude number between 0.2 and 0.4 for which the rate of approach of the two merging fire lines is a minimum.
Lef1 ablation alleviates cartilage mineralization following posttraumatic osteoarthritis induction
Authors: Elayyan Jinan , Carmon Idan , Zecharyahu Lital , Batshon George , Maatuf Yonathan H. , Reich Eli , Dumont Maitena , Kandel Leonid , Klutstein Michael , Dvir-Ginzberg Mona
Published: May 2022

Significance

Cartilage mineralization is imperative in various processes such as skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, this process may also be pathological, as in the case of the degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). Using a posttraumatic OA model (PTOA), we find that cartilage-specificSirt1genetic nulls caused severe synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, due to augmentedLef1gene expression. Conversely, cartilage-specificLef1nulls exhibited impaired synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint, accompanied by a reduction of local pain. Consistently, transcriptomic profiles ofLef1-ablated chondrocytes exhibited enhanced anabolism, yet impaired pathways related to calcification and inflammation. Accordingly, cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment relies on amplified inflammatory pathways, contributing to articular damage following PTOA.
A unidirectional but not uniform striatal landscape of dopamine signaling for motivational stimuli
Authors: van Elzelingen Wouter , Goedhoop Jessica , Warnaar Pascal , Denys Damiaan , Arbab Tara , Willuhn Ingo
Published: May 2022

Significance

Although it is undisputed that striatal dopamine plays a prominent role in motivated behavior and learning, the precise information conveyed by dopamine signals as such is under active debate. For a long time, the idea dominated that dopamine encodes a reward prediction error and that this signal is broadcast uniformly throughout the brain. However, here, we capture dopamine dynamics across many striatal regions and demonstrate that dopamine release is, regionally, extremely heterogeneous and that a reward prediction error–like signal is predominantly found in the relatively small limbic domain of the striatum. Another striking organizing principle is that stimulus valence directs dopamine concentration homogeneously across all regions (i.e., appetitive stimuli increase dopamine and aversive stimuli decrease dopamine).
Serodolin, a β-arrestin–biased ligand of 5-HT
7
receptor, attenuates pain-related behaviors
Authors: El Khamlichi Chayma , Reverchon Flora , Hervouet-Coste Nadège , Robin Elodie , Chopin Nicolas , Deau Emmanuel , Madouri Fahima , Guimpied Cyril , Colas Cyril , Menuet Arnaud , Inoue Asuka , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Guillaumet Gérald , Suzenet Franck , Reiter Eric , Morisset-Lopez Séverine
Published: May 2022

Significance

Transmembrane signaling through G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), originally described as requiring coupling to intracellular G proteins, also uses G protein–independent pathways through β-arrestin recruitment. Biased ligands, by favoring one of the multiple bioactive conformations of GPCRs, allow selective signaling through either of these pathways. Here, we identified Serodolin as the first β-arrestin–biased agonist of the serotonin 5-HT
7
receptor. This new ligand, while acting as an inverse agonist on G
s
signaling, selectively induces ERK activation in a β-arrestin–dependent way. Importantly, we report that Serodolin decreases pain intensity caused by thermal, mechanical, or inflammatory stimuli. Our findings suggest that targeting the 5-HT
7
R with β-arrestin–biased ligand could be a valid alternative strategy to the use of opioids for the relief of pain.
Electrical responses from human retinal cone pathways associate with a common genetic polymorphism implicated in myopia
Authors: Jiang Xiaofan , Xu Zihe , Soorma Talha , Tariq Ambreen , Bhatti Taha , Baneke Alexander J. , Pontikos Nikolas , Leo Shaun M. , Webster Andrew R. , Williams Katie M. , Hammond Christopher J. , Hysi Pirro G. , Mahroo Omar A.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Myopia prevalence has increased dramatically over recent decades. Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci, but mechanisms by which genotypic identity confers myopia susceptibility are unknown. The common variant most strongly associated with myopia is near a gene encoding retinal gap junctions. We analyzed retinal electrophysiological responses from 186 twins genotyped at this locus, finding association between cone-driven, but not rod-driven, electroretinogram signals and allelic genotype. Examination of responses to further, nonstandard testing protocols, together with recordings from patients with selective loss of bipolar cell signals, points to an effect on cone-driven hyperpolarizing (“OFF”) signals. The pattern of retinal expression of this gene appears consistent with these findings, which support a potential role for altered cone-driven signaling in myopia development.
Degrees of non-standardness
Authors: Vuković Teodora , Escher Anastasia , Sonnenhauser Barbara
Published: May 2022

A corpus-based method for assessing a range of dialect-standard variation is presented for identifying samples exhibiting the highest prevalence of dialect features. This method provides insight into areal and inter-speaker variation and allows the extraction of maximally non-standard manifestations of the dialect, which may then be sampled and used for the study of language change and variation. The focus is on a non-standard Torlak variety, which has undergone considerable change under the influence of standard Serbian. The degree of variation is assessed by measuring the frequencies of five distinguishing linguistic features: accent position, dative reflexivesi, auxiliary omission in the compound perfect, the post-positive article, and analytic case marking in the indirect object and possessive. Locations subject to the greatest and least influence of the standard are revealed using hierarchical clustering. A positive correlation between the frequencies of occurrence reveals which non-standard feature is the best predictor of the others.
Physics of mechanotransduction by Piezo ion channels
Authors: Young Michael , Lewis Amanda H. , Grandl Jörg
Published: May 2022

Piezo ion channels are sensors of mechanical forces and mediate a wide range of physiological mechanotransduction processes. More than a decade of intense research has elucidated much of the structural and mechanistic principles underlying Piezo gating and its roles in physiology, although wide gaps of knowledge continue to exist. Here, we review the forces and energies involved in mechanical activation of Piezo ion channels and their functional modulation by other chemical and physical stimuli including lipids, voltage, and temperature. We compare the three predominant mechanisms likely to explain Piezo activation—the force-from-lipids mechanism, the tether model, and the membrane footprint theory. Additional sections shine light on how Piezo ion channels may affect each other through spatial clustering and functional cooperativity, and how substantial functional heterogeneity of Piezo ion channels arises as a byproduct of the precise physical environment each channel experiences. Finally, our review concludes by pointing out major research questions and technological limitations that future research can address.
Structural evolution and thermal runaway of refractory W and Mo nanotips in the vacuum under high electric field from PIC-ED-MD simulations
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Li Nan , Kyritsakis Andreas , Veske Mihkel , Dong Chengye , Wu Kai , Xiao Bing , Djurabekova Flyura , Cheng Yonghong
Published: May 2022

We performed multiscale-multiphysics simulations for W, Mo and Cu nanotips under high electric field to investigate their structural evolution and thermal runaway process. The critical electric field values for the electric prebreakdown condition are predicted to be 311 MV m−1, 570 MV m−1 and 675 MV m−1 for Cu, Mo and W nanotips respectively (R
0 = 1 nm, H
0 = 100 nm). The boiling point of the metal is found to be a good predictor of the critical electric field strength for the initiation of thermal runaway. For metal nanotips made of refractory metals such as W and Mo, the structural thermal runaway process is determined by the rapid growth of small protrusions and their subsequent sharpening and thinning under the high electric stress on the apex region. On the other hand, the more intense atomic evaporation of Cu metal nanotips is caused by the ejection of large droplets generated by recrystallization and necking of the molten region at the apex of the nanotip. The differences in the observed structural evolutions of nanotips between refractory metals and the Cu during the thermal runaway event clearly show the strong influence of melting and boiling points on the electric prebreakdown process in nanoscale.
High-precision modeling of dynamic etching in high-power magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cui Suihan , Chen Qiuhao , Guo Yuxiang , Chen Lei , Jin Zheng , Li Xiteng , Yang Chao , Wu Zhongcan , Su Xiongyu , Ma Zhengyong , Fu Ricky K Y , Tian Xiubo , Chu Paul K , Wu Zhongzhen
Published: May 2022

Etching of the cathodes in magnetron sputtering determines the plasma discharge properties and deposition efficiency. In high-power and high-ionization discharges, etching becomes more complicated, resulting in inaccurate results if the conventional models are still used. This work aims at establishing an accurate dynamic model for high-power and high-ionization discharges by combining the cellular automata (CA) method and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method, in which all the interactions pertaining to the etching morphology, plasma density, electric field, and magnetic field are considered. In high-power discharges such as continuous high-power magnetron sputtering (C-HPMS), strong self-sputtering and intense gas rarefaction stemming from the high temperature in the vicinity of the target influence the etching behavior. Compared to the experimental results, the morphology simulated by the dynamic etching model shows an error of only 0.8% in C-HPMS, which is much less than that obtained by the traditional test-electron Monte Carlo (MC) method (10.1%) and static PIC/MCC method (4.0%). The dynamic etching model provides more accurate results to aid the development and industrial application of HPMS.
Preparation of flexible ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO film using a dip-coating method on different flexible substrates
Authors: Hui Yifan , Ren Yuxin , Song Jiaming , Hu Peng , Fan Haibo , Teng Feng
Published: May 2022

Flexible ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their significant potential for application in wearable electronic devices. In this study, flexible UV PDs based on ZnO films were prepared on different flexible substrates by using a simple dip-coating method. The photodetection properties of the PDs were evaluated and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the PD using filter paper as a substrate exhibited higher flexibility and stability than the PDs constructed on polyethylene terephthalate and A4 paper substrates. When the bending angle reached 60°, the PD on filter paper exhibited a significant switch response with response times of 3.83 s and 13.52 s. The excellent flexibility of the PD on filter paper resulted from the loose and porous structure of the ZnO film, which can effectively reduce the influence of substrate bending. This work paves a way toward the research and development of high-performance, wearable, paper-based optoelectronic nanodevices.
Machine learning-based event recognition in SiFi Compton camera imaging for proton therapy monitoring
Authors: Kazemi Kozani Majid , Magiera Andrzej
Published: May 2022

Objective. Online monitoring of dose distribution in proton therapy is currently being investigated with the detection of prompt gamma (PG) radiation emitted from a patient during irradiation. The SiPM and scintillation Fiber based Compton Camera (SiFi-CC) setup is being developed for this aim. Approach. A machine learning approach to recognize Compton events is proposed, reconstructing the PG emission profile during proton therapy. The proposed method was verified on pseudo-data generated by a Geant4 simulation for a single proton beam impinging on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. Three different models including the boosted decision tree (BDT), multilayer perception (MLP) neural network, and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) were trained using 10-fold cross-validation and then their performances were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROI) curves. Subsequently, after event selection by the most robust model, a software based on the List-Mode Maximum Likelihood Estimation Maximization (LM-MLEM) algorithm was applied for the reconstruction of the PG emission distribution profile. Main results. It was demonstrated that the BDT model excels in signal/background separation compared to the other two. Furthermore, the reconstructed PG vertex distribution after event selection showed a significant improvement in distal falloff position determination. Significance. A highly satisfactory agreement between the reconstructed distal edge position and that of the simulated Compton events was achieved. It was also shown that a position resolution of 3.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) in distal edge position determination is feasible with the proposed setup.
Deep learning for circular dichroism of nanohole arrays
Authors: Li Qi , Fan Hong , Bai Yu , Li Ying , Ikram Muhammad , Wang YongKai , Huo YiPing , Zhang Zhongyue
Published: May 2022

Chiral metasurfaces with nanohole structures have a strong circular dichroism (CD) response and are easy to prepare. Therefore, they are widely used in many fields, such as biological monitoring and analytical chemistry. In this work, a deep learning (DL) framework based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to predict the CD response of chiral metasurfaces. A dataset containing many data values is used to predict CD values, which are found to be highly consistent with those obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. Results show that the proposed CNN-based DL model is about a thousand of times faster than conventional finite element methods. It can accurately map chiral metasurfaces and predict their optical response with negligible loss functions. The insights gained from this research may be helpful in the study of complex optical chirality and the design of highly sensitive sensing systems in DL networks.
Muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in the μ
νSSM *
Authors: Zhang Hai-Bin , Liu Chang-Xin , Yang Jin-Lei , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: May 2022

Recently, the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab measured the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM),

, and reported that the new experimental average increases the difference between the experiment and the standard model (SM) prediction to 4.2σ. In this work, we reanalyze the muon anomalous MDM at the two-loop level in the μ from the ν Supersymmetric Standard Model (

SSM) combined with the updated experimental average. The

SSM can explain the current difference between the experimental measurement and the SM theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous MDM, constrained by the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass and decays, the rare decay

, and so on. We also investigate the anomalous MDM of the electron and tau lepton,

and

, at the two-loop level in the

SSM. In addition, the decaying of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a pair of charged leptons in the

SSM is analyzed.
The efficiency of moringa leaf (Moringa Oleifera) as green material carbon steel corrosion inhibitor for different concentration of sea water.
Authors: Atan F , Rosliza R , Wan Syahidah W M
Published: May 2022

Carbon steel as materials of pipe is used in the plural oil and gas industry in Malaysia, but the corrosive working environment conditions create this type of pipe prone to corrosion. In electrical industries, Aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) are the most commonly used in transmission line systems due to aluminum’s light weight and cost, and carbon steel’s strand is high mechanical strength. Corrosion is an absolute phenomenon that occurs in carbon steel, but the rate of corrosion can be controlled by certain techniques. One of which is the use of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors or so-called green corrosion inhibitors. Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) is known to have a high content of antioxidant compounds and the use of this benefit only limited to water purification and as a food ingredient. From this issue, research was carried out on the use of Moringa leaf extract as green corrosion inhibitor on carbons steel. This research uses variations Moringa leaf powder concentration in 200 ml static seawater conditions (0 rpm) give the concentration of 200, 400, and 600, 800 and 1000 ppm to get optimal work. The linear polarization method used to determine the performance of Moringa leaf powder to reduce the corrosion reaction. In the tafel test, it was found that moringa leaf powder that is added suitable to work as inhibitor. Addition of the concentration able to reduce the corrosion rate up to 0.124 mmpy with efficiency from polarization resistance of 49.69 %, while efficiency from corrosion rate and corrosion current of 70.5% in static seawater conditions. Consequently, in inhibited solutions, the corrosion rate is indicative of the number of the free corrosion sites remaining after some sites have been blocked by inhibitor adsorption. Tafel test results found that a protective passive layer is formed on the surface of the steel make contact between the metal and sea water is reduced with existing of moringa leaf powder so that corrosion can be inhibited.
Cylindrical quantum wires: the Quantum photo-stimulated Peltier effect under the influence of confined acoustic phonons
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van , Anh Nguyen Thi Nguyet , Dien Tang Thi , Long Do Tuan , Bau Nguyen Quang
Published: May 2022

The Quantum photo-stimulated Peltier effect has been theoretically studied under the influence of confined acoustic phonon in a cylindrical quantum wires with an infinite potential by using the quantum kinetic equation method. In this work, we assume that the confined electrons-confined acoustic phonons scattering is essential. Moreover, the presence of a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) is also taken into account to determine the influence of confined phonons on the aforementioned effects. We have defined the analytical expressions for the kinetic tensors and the Peltier coefficients (PC). In detailed consideration, the quantum number m1, m2 were changed in order to characterize the influence of confined acoustic phonon (confined AP). As the radius of the wire increases to infinity, we obtained the results that corresponded to the case of bulk phonons (unconfined AP). The theoretical results have been numerically evaluated and discussed for the GaAs/AlGaAs cylindrical quantum wires (CQW). The change of PC in two cases unconfined AP and confined AP have been found according to augment of EMW frequency. The value of resonant peaks has altered under the effect of confined AP. The difference of PC also has been discovered when investigating its dependence on the cyclotron frequency. Furthermore, the PC reduced suddenly when considering the dependence of PC on the radius of wire and PC on the low temperature. All numerical showed that the magnitude of PC diverse significantly in comparison with unconfined AP case and doped two - dimensional semiconductor superlattice. This means that the confinement of the phonon affects the Peltier effect quantitatively and qualitatively. These results are new and provide to completing the theory of the Peltier effect in low-dimensional semiconductor systems.
Computer simulation of the glassy network structure of B2O3-2SiO2 and Al2O3-2SiO2 systems
Authors: Lan Mai Thi , Hong Nguyen Van
Published: May 2022

The network structure of B2O3-2SiO2 and Al2O3-2SiO2 systems (abbreviated as BS2 and AS2, respectively) in the liquid state is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. For the BS2 system, most of the basic structural units are BO3 and SiO4. The number of BO4 and SíOb is very small. Most of the tetrahedral SiO4 and trigonal BO3 networks link to each other via mainly the corner-sharing bonds to form -Si-O-Si- and -Si-O-B- linkages. For the AS2 system, most of basic structural units are tetrahedral TO4 (T=Al, Si) and trigonal AlO3. The number of TO5 is negligible. The basic structural units link to each other through mainly the corner-sharing bonds to form -Si-O-Si- and -Si-O-Al- linkages. The topology of basic structural units is investigated via the bond angle and length distribution. The addition of Al2O3 or B2O3 into silica results in the change of the -Si-O- network structure. The cation B3+ or Al3+ tend to replace the Si
4+ in the tetrahedra SiO4 to form negative charge units [BO
4]- and [AlO
4]-, respectively. The concentration of negative charge units in the network structure of AS2 and BS2 is different. The network structure is studied through linkages T-O-T (T = Si, B, Al) and the number of types of linkages. Especially, the structural heterogeneity is also presented and discussed in detail. The structural heterogeneity in BS2 and AS2 liquids is due to the coexistence of two BO3 and SiO4 structural phases in BS2 and three SiO4, AlO4 and AlO3 structural phases in AS2 liquids.
Experimental Investigation on Vortex Induced Vibration of Marine Risers with Different Wall Thicknesses
Authors: Zhong Ziqian , Li Peng , Feng Liping , Liu Zhen , Wang Chuanzhen
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the vortex-induced vibration experiment of the risers with different wall thicknesses in wave-flow combined water flume was carried out. The dynamic strain sensing technology was adopted. The sensitivity and micro evolution pattern of riser VIV response relative to wall thickness were examined by varying the wall thickness of various riser models, comparing the dimensionless root mean square of strain, vibration frequencies and trajectories by varying different wall thicknesses of the risers. The results indicate that the wall thickness does not have a large influence on the Strouhal numbers of the vibration of the risers, which are always around 0.18; the larger the wall thickness is, the earlier the lock-in region is jumped out, as wall thickness increases, the outflow velocity corresponding to the occurrence of an “8” or oblique “8” shape vibration trajectory continues to delay, and the velocity range for such trajectories gradually narrows.
Experimental research on the characteristics of sewage convergence in rectangular RAS tank
Authors: Zhang Zekun , Pan Xunran , Liu Bo , Qu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2022

The performance of sewage convergence of the aquaculture tank is directly related to the water quality in the tank, and it is the key to the success of aquaculture. This paper takes the rectangular aquaculture tank as the research object, and systematically explores the effect of hydraulic driving factors (jetting velocity, jetting position), tank bottom slope, and sewage weight on the sewage convergence performance of aquaculture tank by conducting model experiments to provide a scientific basis for the design of aquaculture tanks and optimization of jetting-driven device. The research results found that the higher the jetting velocity, the better the sewage convergence; the closer the jetting position is to the drain hole, the better the sewage convergence; the smaller sewage weight, the better the sewage convergence; when the small slope is 1:35, the sewage convergence is better. It is recommended to adjust the slope of the bottom of the tank to some degree, control the breeding density and feeding amount when constructing the tank. The jetting-driven device should be installed as close to the drain hole for large-size sewage. To obtain a better performance of sewage convergence, the flow velocity should be increased as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the healthy growth of the breeding objects.
Analysis on the Influence of Flood Drainage of Cao’e River Sluice on the Hydrodynamics of Waiguantang River
Authors: Yu Junfeng , Chen Weijin , Fang Zhihao , Bai Fuqing , Li Dongfeng , Li Zihao , Chen Yishan , Xie Feng , Chen Mei
Published: May 2022

In order to fully study the impact of Cao’e River Sluice drainage on the external pipe pond and improve the water quality of Shaoxing plain river network, this paper establishes a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, analyzes the rivers and lakes in Shaoxing plain, and uses the established model to simulate the initial conditions. Through the comparative analysis of the information of the two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model and the condition of the river network, we can draw the following conclusions: under normal circumstances, the decline rate of the water surface elevation in Waiguantang river is faster than that in the river network, the overall water surface elevation is relatively stable, and the water surface elevation decreases with the increase of water source distance. The variation range of velocity from the source is large, which is different from the uniform change of water surface elevation. Therefore, the occurrence of flood disaster can be reduced through accurate data analysis.
Energy Storage Expansion Planning Method for Active Distribution Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hu Yidan
Published: May 2022

With the increasing proportion of new energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power in the regional power grid, the unreliable and random problems of new energy generation are magnified, which will cause damage to the security and stability of the power grid. How to improve the reliability and accuracy of active distribution network energy storage expansion planning and ensure the safe, stable and economic operation of the power grid is the research direction of all countries in the world. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization for adaptive improvement is proposed. Compared with the traditional particle swarm algorithm, the feasibility and superiority of the algorithm are illustrated. The lower-level programming model is solved by using the interior point method of tracking the center trajectory. The dual gap is improved to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is combined with the interior point method of tracking the center trajectory to solve the established bi-level programming model. The planning model is solved by using the algorithm. Through the analysis of the planning results, the optimal planning and operation scheme of renewable distributed generation in active distribution network is obtained, and the feasibility of the model is verified. In this paper, the active distribution network has the characteristics of active management, which improves the ability of the distribution network to accept the expansion of energy storage, and becomes an important direction of the development of distribution network.
Measurement for bubble size distribution in bubbly oil with digital imaging technology
Authors: Lu Li , Jiang Shuyun
Published: May 2022

The high viscosity of lubricating oil limits the working speed of sliding bearing, and the viscosity of bubbly oil is less than that of lubricating oil at high shear rate. The viscosity of bubbly oil is related to bubble size distribution. An experimental device for generating microbubbles in bubbly oil is designed, and a method for measuring bubble size distribution in bubbly oil with different aeration levels is proposed based on digital imaging technology. The experimental results show that the size distribution of bubbles accords with lognormal distribution basically, and the higher the air volume fraction is, the larger the average diameter of bubbles is.
Design and Levitation Performance above A Permanent Magnet in Maglev Train Prototype
Authors: Rachman Natriya Faisal , Wirawan Willy Artha , Pradipta Andri , Setiawan Didik Agus
Published: May 2022

Maglev trains have a working system that will later be used to move the train. Magnetic Levitation (maglev) working system uses the principle of attractive or repulsive force generated by magnets. In its development, there are several systems used on maglev trains. This article describes how to design the strength of the magnetic field in the maglev prototype. Tests using a magnet based on the distance and diameter of the magnet. The results of measuring the magnetic field on a permanent magnet by varying the space to determine the position of the largest magnetic field, where the largest magnetic field is found in 2 magnetic pieces with a diameter of 15 mm with a value of 50.7 gauss. In the coil magnet, manual calculations are carried out, to produce a magnetic field equal to 2 pieces of 15 mm diameter magnet requires a current of 10 amperes
Drivers Behavior at Signalized Intersections with Countdown Timer Reduces Air Pollution by Gender
Authors: Supiyono  , Djakfar Ludfi , Wicaksono Achmad
Published: May 2022

Air pollution is transported via human conduct [22]. The goal of this study is to determine how drivers behave differently based on their gender at a signalized intersection with a Countdown Timer. The study enrolled 50 individuals who completed a questionnaire and delivered it to Bappeda, the transportation agency, drivers who were extending the KIR (motor vehicle test) at the transportation service, and the general public via Google Form via Whatsapp (Wa). The data were collected using a questionnaire and a Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS 20 and logistic binary regression analysis. The Binary Logistic R2 Nagelkerke model is used to determine the contribution of all independent variables to the dependent variable. The R2 coefficient discovered is 0.157. (15.7 percent). With an R2 score of 15.7%, 84.3 percent of the independent variables remain unexplained. And with an exp (X1) value of 0.463, increasing X1 results in a 0.463 change in Y. As a result, when individuals agree to the yellow light, their likelihood of agreeing to gender influence increases by 0.463 times. This conclusion can be used to help stakeholders in developing regulations that need a more thorough evaluation of the use of yellow flame before and after red.
Extreme Low Flows in Rivers of the East European Plain in the 19th–21st Centuries
Authors: Georgiadi A G , Borodin O O
Published: May 2022

This study is focused on extreme low flows in rivers (when water flow is less than or equal to 75 and 90% exceedance probability) in the East European Plain (Volga, Don, Dnieper, Western Dvina, and Northern Dvina) in the 19th–21st centuries. It is shown that the proportion of years in which an extreme low flow is observed in one or more seasons of the year or in the year as a whole during the entire observation period varies from 46 to 57%. In 30 years, a low flow formed only in one basin under consideration, and in 50 years, it was observed in several (from 2 to 5) basins simultaneously. In seven years, an extreme low flow was observed in different hydrological seasons and during the entire years simultaneously in all the rivers and, in nine cases, in four basins. Modern global warming leads to a significant decrease in the number of low-flow years in the winter and summer-autumn low-water seasons and the year as a whole for all the rivers under consideration. In years when severe draughts were recorded in the territories of all river basins under consideration, low flows were recorded only in 1921 and 1972.
Experimental investigation on mechanical behavior of as cast Zn-Al-Cu/SiC/TiB2 hybrid metal matrix composite by ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique
Authors: Chebolu Rohinikumar , Nallu Ramanaiah , Chanamala Ratnam
Published: May 2022

Now a days, the Zn-Al-Cu alloy-based composites have great impact on modern trends for bearing applications because of its reliable mechanical performance. In this paper the mechanical characteristics of as cast Zn-Al-Cu alloy-based hybrid metal matrix composites have been investigated, as well as the influence of reinforcements Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Titanium Diboride (TiB2) on the composite. The ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique has been adopted for fabricating the composites with the addition of dual reinforcements like 5 wt% of SiC as constant and by varying the wt% of TiB2 as 0 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%. The ceramic particles SiC and TiB2 are taken with 20 and 30 microns in size. The ASTM standards were used to conduct the different tests, and the findings demonstrate the significance of adding reinforcements to alloy and also noticeable increase in mechanical performance in terms of hardness, tensile strength, young’s modulus and impact strength. As cast Zn-Al-Cu/5 wt.% of SiC/10 wt.% of TiB2 hybrid composite gives the minimum density as 4.79 g cc−1 and maximum hardness as 156Hv.
Global regularity of three-dimensional Ricci limit spaces
Authors: McLeod Andrew , Topping Peter
Published: May 2022

Miles Simon and the second author, in their recent work [Geom. Topol. 25 (2021), pp. 913–948], established a local bi-Hölder correspondence between weakly noncollapsed Ricci limit spaces in three dimensions and smooth manifolds. In particular, any open ball of finite radius in such a limit space must be bi-Hölder homeomorphic to some open subset of a complete smooth Riemannian three-manifold. In this work we build on the technology from Simon and the second author in [J. Differential Geometry, to appear] and [Geom. Topol. 25, (2021), pp. 913–948] to improve this local correspondence to a global-local correspondence. That is, we construct a smooth three-manifold

M
,

M ,

and prove that the entire (weakly) noncollapsed three-dimensional Ricci limit space is homeomorphic to

M
M

via a globally-defined homeomorphism that is bi-Hölder once restricted to any compact subset. Here the bi-Hölder regularity is with respect to the distance

d
g

d_g

on

M
,

M,

where

g
g

is any smooth complete metric on

M
M

.

A key step in our proof is the construction of local pyramid Ricci flows, existing on uniform regions of spacetime, that are inspired by Hochard’s partial Ricci flows in the paper by Raphaël Hochard [Short-time existence of the Ricci flow on complete, non-collapsed 3-manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below, https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08726, 2016]. Suppose

(
M
,

g
0

,

x
0

)

\left ( M , g_0 , x_0 \right )

is a complete smooth pointed Riemannian three-manifold that is (weakly) noncollapsed and satisfies a lower Ricci bound. Then, given any

k
∈

N

,

k \in \mathbb {N},

we construct a smooth Ricci flow

g
(
t
)

g(t)

living on a subset of spacetime that contains, for each

j
∈

{
1
,
…
,
k
}

j \in \left \{1 , \ldots , k \right \}

, a cylinder

B

g
0

(

x
0

,
j
)

×
[
0
,

T
j

]

\mathbb {B}_{g_0} \left ( x_0 , j \right )\times [0,T_j]

, where

T
j

T_j

is dependent only on the Ricci lower bound, the (weakly) noncollapsed volume lower bound and the radius

j
j

(in particular independent of

k
k

) and with the property that

g
(
0
)
=

g
0

g(0)=g_0

throughout

B

g
0

(

x
0

,
k
)

\mathbb {B}_{g_0} \left ( x_0 , k \right )

.
Examining clustered somatic mutations with SigProfilerClusters
Authors: Bergstrom Erik N , Kundu Mousumy , Tbeileh Noura , Alexandrov Ludmil B
Published: May 2022

Motivation

Clustered mutations are found in the human germline as well as in the genomes of cancer and normal somatic cells. Clustered events can be imprinted by a multitude of mutational processes, and they have been implicated in both cancer evolution and development disorders. Existing tools for identifying clustered mutations have been optimized for a particular subtype of clustered event and, in most cases, relied on a predefined inter-mutational distance (IMD) cutoff combined with a piecewise linear regression analysis.

Results

Here, we present SigProfilerClusters, an automated tool for detecting all types of clustered mutations by calculating a sample-dependent IMD threshold using a simulated background model that takes into account extended sequence context, transcriptional strand asymmetries and regional mutation densities. SigProfilerClusters disentangles all types of clustered events from non-clustered mutations and annotates each clustered event into an established subclass, including the widely used classes of doublet-base substitutions, multi-base substitutions, omikli and kataegis. SigProfilerClusters outputs non-clustered mutations and clustered events using standard data formats as well as provides multiple visualizations for exploring the distributions and patterns of clustered mutations across the genome.

Availability and implementation

SigProfilerClusters is supported across most operating systems and made freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerClusters with an extensive documentation located at https://osf.io/qpmzw/wiki/home/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol and 6β-Hydroxycortisol in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Lu-Ning , Shen Ye , Yang Yu-Qing , Chen Xiang-Long , Huang Feng-Ru , Wang Dun-Jian , Zhang Ye , Wang Da-Wei , Wang Yong-Qing
Published: May 2022

The feasibility of taking the ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHCOR) to cortisol (COR) in plasma as a biomarker to reflect CYP3A4 activity needs to be verified, but the low concentration of 6β-OHCOR which is an endogenous substance in plasma presents a challenge for determination. In this study, a Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was established to simultaneously quantify the COR and 6β-OHCOR in plasma with COR-d4 and 6β-OHCOR-d4 as internal standards (ISs). Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Separation with a gradient elution within 5 min was achieved on C18+ column utilizing 5 mM ammonium formate and methanol. An API 4,000 MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode with transitions of 407.1 → 361.1 and 423.1 → 347.1 was utilized. Albumin solution was used as a surrogate matrix, with good linearities over the concentration of 1.20–300 ng/mL for COR and 0.0400–10.0 ng/mL for 6β-OHCOR. The precisions for intrarun and interrun were < 6.8%, and the accuracy was fell in the interval of −5.2 to 3.5%. Matrix effect was not found. Recovery was close to 100.0%. Stability was confirmed under the storage and processing conditions. The validated method was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of voriconazole to CYP3A by the ratio of 6β-OHCOR to COR.
Repurposing drugs for highly prevalent diseases: pentoxifylline, an old drug and a new opportunity for diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Donate-Correa Javier , Sanchez-Niño María Dolores , González-Luis Ainhoa , Ferri Carla , Martín-Olivera Alberto , Martín-Núñez Ernesto , Fernandez-Fernandez Beatriz , Tagua Víctor G , Mora-Fernández Carmen , Ortiz Alberto , Navarro-González Juan F
Published: May 2022

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes and constitutes a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease continues to increase as a result of the growing epidemic of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is mounting urgency to design and optimize novel strategies and drugs that delay the progression of this pathology and contain this trend. The new approaches should go beyond the current therapy focussed on the control of traditional risk factors such as hyperglycaemia and hypertension. In this scenario, drug repurposing constitutes an economic and feasible approach based on the discovery of useful activities for old drugs. Pentoxifylline is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor currently indicated for peripheral artery disease. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown renoprotection secondary to anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in diabetic patients treated with this old known drug, which makes pentoxifylline a candidate for repurposing in diabetic kidney disease.
Electrocardiography: an usefull tool for prediction of the diagnosis and severity of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Couto Pereira S , Valente Silva B , Silverio Antonio P , Brito J , Alves Da Silva P , Simoes De Oliveira C , Beatriz Garcia A , Martins M , Nobre Menezes M , Garcia L , Jorge C , Cortez-Dias N , Pinto FJ
Published: May 2022

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Immediate recognition of this condition is critical to commencement of early and appropriate therapy which could be lifesaving. Particularly in patients with suspected PE in which computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is not promptly available or is contra-indicated, an electrocardiographic (ECG) score could serve as a ubiquitously available test to raise suspicion of PE. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of an ECG score for PE diagnosis.

Methods

Retrospective study of consecutive patients who performed CTPA in Emergency Department due to PE suspicion. All ECG were scored according to the previous published Daniel’s ECG score, by an investigator blinded for the CTPA result.

Results

The most common ECG findings in patients with PE were incomplete right-brand bock (48%), T wave inversion in DIII (48%), sinus tachycardia (41%) and Q wave in DII (31%). The S1Q3T3 sign was documented in 20% of patients.

The ECG score was significantly higher in patients with PE compared to those without PE (5.06 vs 3.70, p=0.005). ECG score showed moderate accuracy to detect PE (AUC: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.53-0.67; p=0.004), but it is of a particular value because of very high specificity: an ECG score > 12 identified PE with a specificity of 96% (95% CI 91.93 – 98.38).

The ECG score significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic algorithm based on pretest clinical probability evaluated by Wells score combined with D-Dimer measurement (Wells & DD). In comparison to patients in which clinical pretest probability combined with D-dimer measurement considers PE excluded (Wells & ECG -), PE was 6.3 times more frequent in patients with Wells & DD +/ECG- (95% 2.7- 14.5) and 14.6 times more prevalent in the ones with Wells & DD +/ECG+ (95%CI: 4.1-51.3; p<0.001) – Figure 1.

Conclusion

In patients with clininal suspition of PE, na ECG score (Daniel’s score) >12 predicts PE with 96% specificity and could be used to increase the suspicion and define therapeutic strategy in patients in whom CTPA could not be immediately performed or is contra-indicated.