bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Landmark Series: Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Resection
Authors: van Hilst Jony , de Graaf Nine , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Besselink Marc G.
Published: December 2020

Background

Pancreatic resections are among the most technically demanding procedures, including a high risk of potentially life-threatening complications and outcomes strongly correlated to hospital volume and individual surgeon experience. Minimally invasive pancreatic resections (MIPRs) have become a part of standard surgical practice worldwide over the last decade; however, in comparison with other surgical procedures, the implementation of minimally invasive approaches into clinical practice has been rather slow.

Objective

The aim of this study was to highlight and summarize the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of minimally invasive approaches in pancreatic surgery.

Methods

A WHO trial registry and Pubmed database literature search was performed to identify all RCTs comparing MIPRs (robot-assisted and/or laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy [DP] or pancreatoduodenectomy [PD]) with open pancreatic resections (OPRs).

Results

Overall, five RCTs on MIPR versus OPR have been published and seven RCTs are currently recruiting. For DP, the results of two RCTs were in favor of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) in terms of shorter hospital stay and less intraoperative blood loss, with comparable morbidity and mortality. Regarding PD, two RCTs showed similar advantages for MIPD. However, concerns were raised after the early termination of the third multicenter RCT on MIPD versus open PD due to higher complication-related mortality in the laparoscopic group and no clear other demonstrable advantages. No RCTs on robot-assisted pancreatic procedures are available as yet.

Conclusion

At the current level of evidence, MIDP is thought to be safe and feasible, although oncological safety should be further evaluated. Based on the results of the RCTs conducted for PD, MIPD cannot be proclaimed as the superior alternative to open PD, although promising outcomes have been demonstrated by experienced centers. Future studies should provide answers to the role of robotic approaches in pancreatic surgery and aim to identity the subgroups of patients or indications with the greatest benefit of MIPRs.
Growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, hematology and histopathology of the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed cooked sunflower based diets
Authors: Jimoh Wasiu Adeyemi
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the use of cooked sunflower seed meal as soybean meal replacer in Clarias gariepinus diet in a 56-day feeding trial using growth performance, nutrient utilization, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was cooked for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Each of the differently cooked sunflower seed meal replaced soybean meal portion of control diet at 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. A diet without sunflower meal served as the control. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were alloted to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (3.72±0.22g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed to satiation. Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the experiment revealed that up to 30% replacement level of 10- and 20-minutes cooked sunflower produced a statistically similar results with soybean-based control diets.
Effects of plastics and microplastics on aquatic organisms and human health
Authors: Bulat Fevziye Nihan , Kılınç Berna
Published: December 2020

Today, plastics have been used in many areas and their use have been increasing day by day. This increase in the use of plastic causes environmental pollution as well as negatively affects organisms in the environment and therefore human health. Plastics reach to the water environment through different transport routes. Microplastics that have reached to the water environment are consumed by aquatic organisms. Microplastics in aquatic species (fish, mussels, shrimp, seals, etc.) were highlighted in many studies. Microplastics consumed by aquatic organisms are included in the food network, reaching as far as human consumption. Therefore, the importance of the subject have been emphasized, the evaluation of the studies on microplastics and the risks it poses have been examined in this compilation study which was carried out in order to raise awareness about this issue and to ensure that the necessary measures will be taken.
New records of Castor canadensis from the Conchos River, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Gallo-Reynoso Juan Pablo , Barba-Acuña Isai David , Farías-González Verónica , Macías-Sánchez Samuel , Armenta-Méndez Lucila , Ponce-García Gloria , Guerrero-Flores Jimena J. , Brito-Ríos Juan Guillermo A. , Quintana-Salvador Tania Elizabeth , Ortega-Padilla Alicia A.
Published: December 2020

El castor (Castor canadensis), no ha sido registrado en el Estado de Chihuahua desde 1972. Monitoreamos varias secciones del Río Conchos y sus afluentes en diferentes localidades de Chihuahua, caminando por las orillas del río o usando canoas, buscando indicios de su presencia (huellas, troncos roídos o derribados y madrigueras), en donde los castores habían sido registrados con anterioridad. No se encontraron castores en las áreas monitoreadas del Río Conchos y sus tributarios. El único sitio en este río en donde los encontramos fue en el Cañón del Pegüis. Esta localidad es el único hábitat bien preservado para los castores. Esta población de castores probablemente se deriva de los castores del Río Grande cerca de Ojinaga o de los castores del Área Natural Protegida Cañón de Santa Elena más al sur. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el área se encuentra bien conservada y que es importante para la distribución de los castores en el norte de México. Existe una clara necesidad de conservar esta sección del Río Conchos como un importante corredor para los castores, cuya especie se encuentra protegida, listada como en peligro de extinción por la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of (Thetanix) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in Adolescent Crohn's Disease
Authors: Hansen Richard , Sanderson Ian R. , Muhammed Rafeeq , Allen Stephen , Tzivinikos Christos , Henderson Paul , Gervais Lisa , Jeffery Ian B. , Mullins David P. , O'Herlihy Eileen A. , Weinberg John D. , Kitson Geoff , Russell Richard K. , Wilson David C.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Thetanix (gastroresistant capsules containing lyophilized Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) is a live biotherapeutic, under development for Crohn's disease, that antagonizes transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha. We aimed to assess safety and tolerability in adolescents with Crohn's disease in remission.

METHODS:

Subjects who were 16–18 years with Crohn's in remission (weighted pediatric Crohn's disease activity index <12.5) were recruited. Each active dose comprised ∼108.2±1.4 colony forming units of B. thetaiotaomicron (randomized 4:1 active:placebo). Part A was single dose. Part B involved 7.5 days twice daily dosing. Serial stools were analyzed for calprotectin, 16S rRNA sequencing, and B. thetaiotaomicron real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bloods were taken serially. Subjects reported adverse events and recorded temperature twice daily.

RESULTS:

Fifteen subjects were treated—8 in part A (75% men, median 17.1 years) and 10 in part B, including 3 from part A (80% men, median 17.1 years); all 18 completed. Seventy percent took concurrent immunosuppression. Reported compliance was >99% in part B. Two subjects reported adverse events deemed related—one in part A with eructation, flatulence, and reflux; one in part B with dizziness, abdominal pain, and headache. No serious adverse events were reported. There was no significant change in median calprotectin across part B (87.8 [4.4–447] to 50.5 [5.3–572], P = 0.44 by the Fisher exact test in the active group). No significant differences were found in microbiota profiles, but diversity seemed to increase in treated subjects.

DISCUSSION:

Thetanix, after single and multiple doses, was well tolerated. Although the numbers in this study were small, the safety profile seems good. Future studies should explore efficacy.
Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption of PHMB from Textile Surfaces
Authors: Bhaskara Usha , Sanders Yvonne , Gooijer Henk , Warmoeskerken Marijn
Published: December 2020

Adsorption and desorption studies were done of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) onto two different types of textile fiber surfaces. Based on these studies and mathematical modelling, the rate constants were calculated. Two different experimental conditions were used to simulate laundering, namely wet-to-wet and dry-to-wet. The model PHMB surface concentrations showed that the model can be used to describe the adsorption kinetics on cotton and cotton-polyester blends with reasonable accuracy.
Aftertreatments of Sulfur Black 1 Dyed Cotton Fabric: Optimization of Process Parameters for Developing a Protective System to Improve Color Retention
Authors: Mohtashim Quratulain , Asim Fareha , Farooq Salma
Published: December 2020

Sulfur dyed cellulosic goods exhibit limited wash fastness against oxidative laundering; particularly to washing powder formulations containing activated bleaches. This study presents a novel two-bath exhaust finishing process to improve the wash fastness of Sulfur Black 1 dyed cotton fabrics reduced with two different reducing agents—sodium sulfide and a commercial glucose-based Diresul reducing agent D. The finishing process involves sequential aftertreatments with a cationic fixative and synthetic tanning agent (syntan). A Box-Behnken design with three variables: concentrations of cationic fixative and syntan, and application temperature of syntan (at three different levels) was studied to understand the effects of these variables on the color retention of the dyed cotton fabrics. Color retention of the sulfur dyeings was improved using the newly developed finishing process.
Choline-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent and Microwave Irradiation as Tools for PET Identification in Blend Fabric
Authors: Choi Samuel , Choi Hyung-Min
Published: December 2020

A new, rapid, and eco-friendly technique for identification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composition in blend fabric was developed. This technique could replace a conventional composition identification of PET using toxic chemicals such as halogenated organic solvent or strong inorganic acid. Choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DES), such as ethylene glycol-choline chloride, were used as a treatment medium under microwave irradiation. The PET portion of the blend fabrics, such as 65/35 and 50/50 PET/cotton was completely removed by DES containing 5% NaOH (w/v) after 100–140 s of microwave irradiation. Various instrumental analyses confirmed the removal of PET. Finally, a commercial sample was also tested as a practical application of the new test method.
Are the Recommended Physical Activity Guidelines Practical and Realistic for Older People With Complex Medical Issues?
Authors: Levinger Pazit , Hill Keith D.
Published: December 2020

The world population is aging. With increased life expectancy comes increased risk of major health problems that affect the health and well-being of older adults. Adequate levels of physical activity as specified by current global guidelines can reduce the risk of health problems in older adults. However, fewer than half of older adults are sufficiently active, and thus are unlikely to achieve these health benefits. Older adults living in residential aged care are even more sedentary, with multiple health issues and comorbidities. While meeting physical activity guidelines confers the greatest benefit for physical function, the practicality of adherence to these guidelines for older people who are not healthy and have complex medical issues is questionable. This special interest paper discusses research evidence on the topic of physical activity for older people across the health spectrum, with and without multiple comorbidities. This discussion is informed by professional experience, and suggests practical recommendations to positively impact physical activity engagement in the older adult population.
Herbage nutritive value of binary- and multi-species swards relative to single-species swards in intensive silage systems
Authors: Moloney T. , Sheridan H. , Grant J. , O’Riordan E.G. , O’Kiely P.
Published: December 2020

The nutritive value of sown binary- and multi-species grassland mixtures may differ from the values expected based on single-species swards of their constituent species. Field plots were established in a split-plot design to assess the nutritive value of binary- and multi-species mixtures compared to single-species swards of three grass species and red clover (RC) (Trifolium pratense L.) managed for intensive silage production. The nutritive value of grass–legume binary mixtures reflected the values of the constituent species grown on their own, and thus may be predicted from monoculture values. The relatively low digestibility (dry matter digestibility [DMD]) and crude protein (CP) content of the Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) sward compared to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) suggests that it may have a limited role in binary- or multi-species swards. Herbage nutritive value in the multi-species swards (Mix 1: perennial ryegrass, timothy, RC and white clover [Trifolium repens L.]; Mix 2: perennial ryegrass, timothy, RC, ribwort plantain [Plantago lanceolata L.] and chicory [Cichorium intybus L.]) appeared to be influenced more by the presence of legumes than herbs. Compared to perennial ryegrass, the multi-species swards had a slower rate of DMD decline prior to Cut 1, but subsequently had lower DMD values at the mid-season harvests. Both multi-species mixtures exhibited DMD, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and CP values that would not have been predicted from their constituent species and thus need to be measured on herbage from field plots growing these mixtures.
Pre-Debridement and Post-Debridement Culture in Open Fractures of the Extremities: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China, Abdi Mohamed A. , Martin Vidmi T. ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China, Mohamed Sayid O. ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China, Wang Zhaozhen ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China, Abdulle Leila E. ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China, Yu Bo ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Published: December 2020

Background Due to contamination, open fractures are considered to be dangerous and thereby require proper management. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, this study compares the literature on pre-debridement and post-debridement cultures derived from such fracture sites. Methods Data for this review was collected through various online sources such as dataBASE (EMBASE), medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE) and different citations provided the relevant data. Results Twenty articles were included. The desired timing to examine the debridement was six hours post-injury (according to the sixhour rule). Antibiotics including ampicillin, penicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and flucloxacillin were used in some patients. The use of Ancef I as an antibiotic during the starting hours of fracture helps to reduce the chances of infection in 1.4% of the infected patients. The infection rate was 3% in pre-debridement culture, wh le a 2% infection rate was found in post debridement culture. Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for pre-debridement infection, while gram-positive bacteria were responsible for postdebridement. Conclusion The pre-debridement infection rates are reduced as compared to post-debridement when treatment is initiated within a strict time interval and limited to the specific use of antibiotics. Treatment of gram-negative bacteria helps to reduce the bulk of infectious material and thereby reduces the infection rate.
Elderly People During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: Selected Problems
Authors:   Collegium Masoviense High School of Health Sciences, Narutowicz str. 35, 96-300 Zyrardów, Poland, Schlegel-Zawadzka Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection mainly affected elderly patients in many countries. The care of elderly patients, especially in countries where the percentage of people over 65-years of age is significant, is an important public health problem now during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review particular attention to the problem of proper nutrition of such patients was paid, which must be preceded by an appropriate assessment of their nutritional status. The important role of physical activity and adequate rehabilitation is highlighted. The care of elderly patients should be in line with the recommendations of the relevant scientific societies and international organizations in this respect.
Os Princípios de Hong Kong e sua importância para o ecossistema científico atual
Authors: Da Costa Gabriel Gonçalves , Alves Charles Lucena , Luizeti Bárbara Okabaiasse
Published: December 2020

A ciência cresceu de forma substancial nos últimos séculos. Atualmente, ela não é mais produzida por um número pequeno de intelectuais, sendo uma iniciativa global com diversos agentes envolvidos. Com o crescimento substancial da literatura publicada, pesquisadores começaram a colocar em questão a confiabilidade dos artigos e relatos científicos publicados, este fenômeno coletivo estando ligado aos critérios de progressão de carreira utilizados na maior parte do mundo, focados em produtividade e impacto, mas deixando de lado confiabilidade, reprodutibilidade e transparência científica. Neste cenário, surgem os Princípios de Hong Kong, um documento contendo cinco princípios com objetivos correlatos que visam nortear a comunidade acadêmica na direção de práticas mais responsáveis e transparentes de pesquisa.
İNSAN FİGÜRÜ ÇİZİMİ EĞİTİMİNİN AKILLI TAHTA DESTEKLİ EĞİTİM İLE UYGULANMASININ ORTAOKUL 7.SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİN AKADEMİK BAŞARI VE KALICILIĞINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Yağcı Umut , Daşdağ Evren
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, öğrencilerin yaptığı insan figür çizimlerini akıllı tahta destekli sanat eğitimiyle birlikte ne kadar geliştirebileceklerini ve aldıkları eğitimin başarı, kalıcılığına etkisini belirleme amacını taşımaktadır. 1 Kontrol ve 2 Deney gurubu Random olarak 3 grup seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Koppitz’in geliştirdiği “İnsan Figürü Çizimi Değerlendirme Kriterleri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Etki değerine bakıldığında öntest-sontest puanları arasındaki en büyük anlamlı fark 8.12 ile Deney- grubundadır. Bunu 6.25 ile Deney-2 grubu izlediği ve 4.51 ile Kontrol grubunun son sırada olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uygulamanın sonucunda; Kontrol ile Deney- grubu arasında Deney- 1 grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu bulgusu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Değerlendirmelerin sonucunda, insan figürü çizimi öğretimi üzerinde akıllı tahta destekli öğretimin, MEB’in desteklediği öğretim yöntemine ve hem akıllı tahta destekli hem de demonstrasyon yöntemine göre daha etkili olduğu görülmektedir.
Fostering Academic Writers’ Plurilingual Voices
Authors: Broido Monica , Rubin Harriet
Published: December 2020

In today's global society, a majority of academic writers come from diverse linguistic backgrounds, where English is an additional language. Publishing in most academic journals, however, is governed by native-English norms. As instructors and tutors guiding novice plurilingual writers through these conventions so that their papers meet publishing standards, we feel that their voices and styles get lost in the process, and fear that the academic and scientific community may be losing out when these writers' work is not accepted. To understand how plurilingual novice writers experience writing for publication, we conducted in-depth interviews, followed by a content analysis of the interviews, which revealed recurring themes relating to barriers and gains from writing in English. We present these along with exemplary quotes from the respondents. Additionally, we examine the ways in which the publication world is changing and how these changes can aid novice writers, as well as consider ways in which academic writing boundaries can become more elastic and inclusive.
Video tutorials as academic writing and research support for students of International Business
Authors: Staley Larssyn , Göldi Susan , Nikoulina Anna
Published: December 2020

Many studies have made claims for the positive effects of multimedia in education; however, there is a lack of systematic and comparable research, especially when it comes to video tutorials. This study evaluates the use and benefits of short screencast video tutorials, produced with Camtasia and published on YouTube, in preparing students for research-based writing assignments. The study employs a multi-method research design, comprising an analysis of video-tutorial viewership data from YouTube and a student questionnaire on the perceived benefits of these video tutorials. The data on how the tutorials are used, as well as the questionnaire responses, enable us to highlight which aspects of these tutorials positively affect the learning process, and importantly, how such tutorials should be adapted to be more useful. Findings indicate that the use of such tutorials is more dependent on the type of information included (e.g., theory, instructions or examples), than their length (within the range of three to six minutes). Additionally, novice, introductory-level students appear to have received greater benefit from the tutorials than students with some previous academic writing experience.
Get a Room! How Writing Groups Aid the Development of Junior Academics’ Writing Practice and Writer Identity
Authors: Mattsson Jenny , Brandin Emma-Karin , Hult Ann-Kristin
Published: December 2020

The present study revisits writing retreat participants who have spontaneously formed writing groups before or after attending a retreat hosted by the Unit for Academic Language at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. All in all, 11 doctoral students and 1 post doc were interviewed using a semi-structured interview model. The answers were thematically analysed based on Murray’s (2014) concept of coherence in writing groups as well as parts of Aitchison and Lee’s (2006) key characteristics of writing groups. The two main research questions posed concern (i) whether the informants have changed their writing practice and/or the way they think and feel about writing since joining a writing group, and (ii) whether possible changes have aided the development of their identity as academic writers. Results show that the informants have indeed changed central aspects of their writing practice and that this in turn has positively influenced how they now think and feel about writing. This has to some extent contributed to the informants’ development of their writer identity; however, the present study also sheds light on the fact that more needs to be done at departmental levels across the university to make academic writing visible.
“The Course Was Not Only for the Semester but Also for Life”: Scaffolding Summary Writing for EFL Students Across Academic Disciplines
Authors: Sjöberg-Hawke Carina
Published: December 2020

It can be a challenge for a university teacher to arrange the teaching of written tasks so that weak foreign language students with differing disciplinary backgrounds can develop their written communication skills. The difficulty is to avoid the focus from becoming just language proficiency. In one course at a technical university in Sweden, three written summaries are scaffolded to address such a challenge. The purpose of this teaching practice paper is to show how employing a specific strategy of repetition facilitates the writing skill development in low-level English language multidisciplinary students. The repeated features are the genre of the task, the writing process used and the occurrences of teacher response. They are organised along a specific learning path so as to encourage the students to build on the knowledge gained in each iteration, between tasks and potentially beyond the course. The paper describes the journey the students take writing the three summaries, working on fulfilling criteria concerned with aspects such as content organisation, coherence and cohesion, and limited grammar errors. A brief analysis of excerpts from one case student’s first and third summaries is included. It is suggested that while the scaffolding can remain the same, the material could be replaced to suit other skills and language level needs.
Preparing Postgraduates for the Profession: Toward Translingual Pedagogical Practices in Advanced Graduate Student Writing Instruction in Germany
Authors: Edlich Micha Gerrit Philipp
Published: December 2020

Contributing to the literature on translingual pedagogies outside the US or Canada, this article discusses the design of a hybrid instructional format for advanced multilingual doctoral students and post-doctoral researchers offered by a bilingual writing center at a mid-sized university in Germany. Meant to prepare for future careers in academia and professional demands in different national, cultural, and linguistic environments, this format gives participants the opportunity to explore academic genres that tend to receive less attention in graduate education than journal articles, book chapters, or others needed to complete degree requirements. By the end of the course, participants will have a submission-ready portfolio including an academic CV, a job letter, a (sample) letter of recommendation, and teaching and diversity statements. To achieve these specific outcomes and to develop the advanced professional academic writing competencies needed in multicultural and multilingual contexts, participants will have to draw on their diverse linguistic backgrounds and prior experiences in these kinds of settings. Informed also by other recent theoretical and empirical work on translingualism and translingual pedagogies in global contexts, this format adopts the use of translation proposed by Horner (2017) to move beyond the monolingual and, to a lesser extent, the multilingual paradigms. While it has yet to be tested empirically, the design represents an alternative to more traditional (and usually monolingual) modes of instruction. This article concludes by discussing limitations and implications of the approach to translingual pedagogies taken here.
Translingualism in Three University Roles: Pedagogical Postures and Critical Cautions
Authors: Bennett Cole
Published: December 2020

This essay offers and develops some useful parameters toward the ongoing conversations on multilingual and multi-dialectic writing students in Europe and the United States, two settings with oft-competing views of writers’ varied language backgrounds. I present a synchronic snapshot of writing pedagogy as it relates to translingualism at this temporal moment. Specifically, I seek to link three different university roles—classroom teachers, writing center directors, and WAC directors—to certain translingual postures and their consequential applications. By introducing and elaborating upon the labels “Traditionalist,” “Allied Enthusiast,” and “Active Advocate” as they attend each role, I wish to offer helpful ways to understand the consequences of embracing these postures. This charting of stakeholders and their characteristics can more readily facilitate concrete scholarly discussion concerning translingual writing instruction as it moves forward.  I conclude with recommendations and cautions, bringing into question some of the settled assumptions remaining in our field.
El caso de la PUCP y la interpretación de los testamentos
Authors: Atienza Manuel
Published: December 2020

Analiza la sentencia relacionada con el caso PUCP y examina la argumentación del Tribunal Constitucional (del 17 de marzo de 2010) del Tribunal Constitucional Peruano.
Paradigma, ética y gestión (a propósito de la responsabilidad social)
Authors: Caravedo Baltazar
Published: December 2020

La responsabilidad social es un nuevo paradigma que orienta el comportamiento de las organizaciones y la percepción de la población con relación a aquellas La responsabilidad social de la empresa se ha convertido en un tema y un proceso indispensables para la transformación  social , todavía se requiere extenderlos a otras organizaciones de la sociedad además de adecuarse a las nuevas exigencias de la sociedad y del mercado.
Responsabilidad social y relaciones laborales en España
Authors: Calvo Gallego Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

El autor, analiza la evolución y las características de  la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, en España, su impacto económico y social con especial atención a los aspectos laborales dentro de ella,  la opinión y  las actitudes de los interlocutores sociales; toma importancia a los poderes públicos, estatales y autonómicos, del mismo modo analiza la relación de la RSE y la negociación colectiva en España
Los bancos y la responsabilidad social como medición del éxito
Authors: Haza Barrantes Antonio De la
Published: December 2020

La responsabilidad social empresarial se convierte en una necesidad para la empresa bancaria y debe estar considerada dentro de su plan de negocios. Es  necesario que la sociedad civil, representada en el cliente, se convenza de que tiene la posibilidad de premiar o de castigar a una empresa cuando observa que se aparta de los estándares mínimos de lo que se considera una buena práctica organizativa en lo que respecta a ser responsable socialmente. El castigo consistiríasimplemente en no consumir el producto que se le ofrece
Proyección y responsabilidad social en las facultades de Derecho
Authors: Ortiz Sanchez Iván
Published: December 2020

Analiza el vínculo o la relación entre universidad y sociedad o comunidad. Su transformación y adecuación a los cambios sociales.El presente trabajo es una adaptación de la ponencia presentada en la mesa de Responsabilidad Social del Abogado durante el Seminario Internacional sobre Enseñanza del Derecho, realizado el 9, 10 y 11 de agosto de 2010.
Biocontrol Agents for Controlling Wheat Root Rot Disease under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Abdel-Kader M.M. , El-Mougy N.S. , Khalil M.S.A. , El-Gamal N.G.
Published: December 2020

Background: The most important wheat diseases that caused by soil-borne fungi are the root-rot disease. The current investigation conducted with evaluation the efficacy of some bioagents, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum, commercial bioagent (Planta guard) and chitosan against the causal pathogenic organisms of wheat root rot disease under greenhouse conditions. Methods: Wheat seedlings infected with root rot disease were subjected to the causal fungal isolation trails. In greenhouse, wheat grains were sown individually in pots containing artificially infested soil with the pathogenic fungi R. solani or F. graminearum. Furthermore, the tested bioagents and the fungicide Topsin-M 70 were applied to the infested soil before sowing. Result: The isolated fungi were R. solani or F. graminearum had proved their pathogenic ability to induce root rot disease of wheat. In pot experiment, all applied treatments affect root rot incidence of grown wheat seedlings in artificially infested soils with disease incidents. In infested soils with root rot incidents, bacterial bioagents reduced root rot incidence by 84.5-93.6% and 28.4- 35.3% 66.6, respectively and by 43.7% for T. harzianum. Moderate effect was obtained by chitosan and planta guard treatments in soil infested with either pathogenic fungi.
Seed Borne Endophytic Fungi Associated with Some Indigenous Rice Varieties of North East India and Their Growth Promotion and Antifungal Potential
Authors: Roy Subham , Mili Chiranjib , Talukdar Rajreepa , Wary Sudem , Tayung Kumanand
Published: December 2020

Background: Seed borne endophytic fungi play an important role in seed germination and plant health. There are ubiquitous and have been found associated in every plant species investigated so far. They colonize plant seeds without causing any disease and are often vertically transmitted. Despite their occurrence, seed borne endophytic fungi are poorly investigated and their role for application in agriculture is still to be elucidated. Methods: In the present study endophytic fungi associated with seeds of some indigenous rice varieties of North East, India was investigated. The isolates were determined for IAA activity in-vitro and antifungal activity against rice pathogen, Magnaporthe grisea. Crude metabolites obtained from potent isolates were characterized by GCMS analysis to reveal the presence of bioactive compounds. Result: Our result indicated that commonly isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Mucor, Penicillium, Bipolaris, Basidiobolus and Mycelia sterilia. Amongst them, colonization frequency (CF %) of Fusarium (8.8%) was found to be highest and was isolated from seeds of almost all the varieties. It was observed that four isolates of Fusarium showed good IAA production in the medium amended with tryptophan. The isolates also displayed antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea. GCMS analysis of the metabolites indicated presence of several bioactive compounds. The study suggests that seed borne endophytes can be explored as bio-inoculants for crop improvement in future research program.
Study on Yield Sustainability and Water Productivity of Groundnut on Farmers’ Fields through Improved Technology under Hyper Arid Partially Irrigated Zone of Rajasthan
Authors: Reager M.L. , Kumar Upendra , Chaturvedi Deepak , Mitharwal B.S. , Dotaniya C.K. , Aher S.B.
Published: December 2020

Background: Groundnut is an important kharif crop in Rajasthan and occupies important position among state crop list. However, a vast yield gap exists between potential yield and the actual yield obtained due to partial adoption of recommended package of practices by the farmers. The technology gap is a major concern in achieving optimum and sustained production. Considering the facts, present study aimed to study the effect of adaptation of improved technologies in groundnut production, water productivity and sustainability in arid zone of Rajasthan. Methods: Field experiment of groundnut was carried out during four consecutive years 2016 to 2019 on farmer’s field of Bikaner districts under cluster frontline demonstrations to assess the impact of improved technologies on yield sustainability, water productivity and economics of groundnut crop. The two treatments evaluated at 25 farmer’s field were a) improved technologies i.e. high yielding varieties, seed treatment, timely sowing, optimum plant population, recommended fertilizer management, plant protection measures and irrigation management and b) farmers practice. The groundnut yield, water productivity, sustainability indices, economic returns and benefit to cost ratio of both the systems was compared using appropriate standard statistical procedure. Result: The results of the present field experiment revealed that, the improved practices gave higher and sustainable yield of groundnut over years compared to farmers practice. The mean pod yield recorded (3371 kg ha-1) with improved practices was 24.39 percent higher than farmer’s practice (2710 kg ha-1). Similarly, improved practices had higher sustainability yield index (0.63), sustainability value index (0.47), higher water expense efficiency (74.92 kg ha-1 cm-1), gross water productivity (16.58 ₹ m-3), net water productivity (11.89 ₹ m-3) and incremental benefit cost ratio (30.1) over farmers practice.
Fonksiyonellendirilmiş Alümina ve Silika Katkılı Kevlar-Cam Elyaf/Epoksi Reçineli Hibrit Kompozitlerin Cam ve Kevlar Yüzeylerine Uygulanan Darbe Enerjilerinin Darbe Davranışlarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Öndürücü Ayşe , Can Gökhan
Published: December 2020

Tüm kompozitler kullanım yerlerine göre çeşitli darbelere maruz kalabilirler. Darbe sonrası malzemede oluşan hasar; darbe enerjisine, kullanılan katkı malzemesi ve oranlarına, vurucu uç özelliklerine ve darbenin uygulandığı yüzey gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, alümina ve silika katkılı kevlar-cam elyaf/epoksi hibrit kompozit plakalarının kevlar ve cam elyaf yüzeylerine uygulanan darbeler neticesinde kompozitte oluşan darbe davranışları oda sıcaklığında deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Darbe deneyleri için 220mm x 330mm boyutlarında farklı oranlarda alümina ve silika katkılı 12 tabakalı kevlar-cam elyaf/epoksi hibrit kompozit üretimi yapılmıştır. Kompozitler alümina ve silika oranlarına göre 4 ayrı gruba (A0S0, A0S5, A2S3, A5S0) ayrılarak, herbir numuneye 60J darbe enerjisi uygulanmıştır. Her grup kompozit için numunelerin kevlar ve cam elyaf yüzeylerine 60J’lük darbe enerjisi ile darbe testi uygulanarak farklı yüzeylere uygulanan darbe testlerinin darbe davranışı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bütün kompozit grupları için; darbe uygulanan üst yüzeyin kevlar olması halinde oluşan maksimum kuvvet değerlerinin, üst yüzeyi cam elyaf olan numunelerin maksimum kuvvet değerlerinden daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Estimation of SOC Based on LSTM-RNN and Design of Intelligent Equalization Charging System
Authors: Chen Xi , Hirota Kaoru , Dai Yaping , Jia Zhiyang ,   School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China,   College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University No.8 Xuefu South Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
Published: December 2020

Lithium battery packs are the main driving energy source for electric vehicles. A battery pack equalization charging solution using a constant current source for variable rate charging is presented in this paper. The charging system consists of a main constant current source and independent auxiliary constant current sources. Auxiliary constant current sources are controlled by the battery management system (BMS), which can change the current rate of the corresponding single battery, and achieve full charging of each single cell in the series battery pack. At the same time, the state of charge (SOC) is regarded as time series data to establish a long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) model, and it is possible to obtain the single battery with lower capacity, so that the charging efficiency and battery pack consistency can be improved. The experimental results show that the open circuit voltage difference between the single cells is less than 50 mV after the charging of 20 strings of lithium battery packs by using this method, which achieve the purpose of equalization charging.
Dynamic-Event-Based Fault Detection for Markov Jump Systems Under Hidden-Markov Mode Observation
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Wan Xiongbo ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Ger-Exploration, Ministry of Education Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Published: December 2020

The fault detection (FD) problem is investigated for event-triggered discrete-time Markov jump systems (MJSs) with hidden-Markov mode observation. A dynamic-event-triggered mechanism, which includes some existing ones as special cases, is proposed to reduce unnecessary data transmissions to save network resources. Mode observation of the MJS by the FD filter (FDF) is governed by a hidden Markov process. By constructing a Markov-mode-dependent Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is obtained under which the filtering error system of the FD is stochastically stable with a prescribed H∞ performance index. The parameters of the FDF are explicitly given when these LMIs have feasible solutions. The effectiveness of the FD method is demonstrated by two numerical examples.
Visual Servoing with Deep Learning and Data Augmentation for Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Liu Jingshu ,   Beijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China, Li Yuan
Published: December 2020

We propose a visual servoing (VS) approach with deep learning to perform precise, robust, and real-time six degrees of freedom (6DOF) control of robotic manipulation to ease the extraction of image features and estimate the nonlinear relationship between the two-dimensional image space and the three-dimensional Cartesian space in traditional VS tasks. Owing to the superior learning capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), autonomous learning to select and extract image features from images and fitting the nonlinear mapping is achieved. A method for designing and generating a dataset from few or one image, by simulating the motion of an eye-in-hand robotic system is described herein. Therefore, network training requiring a large amount of data and difficult data collection occurring in actual situations can be solved. A dataset is utilized to train our VS convolutional neural network. Subsequently, a two-stream network is designed and the corresponding control approach is presented. This method converges robustly with the experimental results, in that the position error is less than 3 mm and the rotation error is less than 2.5° on average.
Development of Edge-Node Map Based Navigation System Without Requirement of Prior Sensor Data Collection
Authors: Takahashi Kazuki ,   Meiji University  1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan, Arima Jumpei , Hayata Toshihiro , Nagai Yoshitaka , Sugiura Naoya , Fukatsu Ren , Yoshiuchi Wataru , Kuroda Yoji
Published: December 2020

In this study, a novel framework for autonomous robot navigation system is proposed. The navigation system uses an edge-node map, which is easily created from electronic maps. Unlike a general self-localization method using an occupancy grid map or a 3D point cloud map, there is no need to run the robot in the target environment in advance to collect sensor data. In this system, the internal sensor is mainly used for self-localization. Assuming that the robot is running on the road, the position of the robot is estimated by associating the robot’s travel trajectory with the edge. In addition, node arrival determination is performed using branch point information obtained from the edge-node map. Because this system does not use map matching, robust self-localization is possible, even in a dynamic environment.
Visual Navigation Based on Semantic Segmentation Using Only a Monocular Camera as an External Sensor
Authors: Miyamoto Ryusuke , Adachi Miho , Ishida Hiroki , Watanabe Takuto , Matsutani Kouchi , Komatsuzaki Hayato , Sakata Shogo , Yokota Raimu , Kobayashi Shingo ,   Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan,   Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
Published: December 2020

The most popular external sensor for robots capable of autonomous movement is 3D LiDAR. However, cameras are typically installed on robots that operate in environments where humans live their daily lives to obtain the same information that is presented to humans, even though autonomous movement itself can be performed using only 3D LiDAR. The number of studies on autonomous movement for robots using only visual sensors is relatively small, but this type of approach is effective at reducing the cost of sensing devices per robot. To reduce the number of external sensors required for autonomous movement, this paper proposes a novel visual navigation scheme using only a monocular camera as an external sensor. The key concept of the proposed scheme is to select a target point in an input image toward which a robot can move based on the results of semantic segmentation, where road following and obstacle avoidance are performed simultaneously. Additionally, a novel scheme called virtual LiDAR is proposed based on the results of semantic segmentation to estimate the orientation of a robot relative to the current path in a traversable area. Experiments conducted during the course of the Tsukuba Challenge 2019 demonstrated that a robot can operate in a real environment containing several obstacles, such as humans and other robots, if correct results of semantic segmentation are provided.
“True” Cumulative Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hip Dislocation within 2 Years After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Due to Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hermansen Lars L. , Viberg Bjarke , Hansen Lars , Overgaard Soeren
Published: December 2020

Background:

Hip dislocation is one of the leading indications for revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) implants, and the extent of this complication is often measured by the number of revisions. The exact incidence of dislocation can be difficult to establish as closed reductions may not be captured in available registers. The purpose of this study was to identify the “true” cumulative incidence of hip dislocation (revisions and closed reductions) after primary THA, and the secondary aim was to identify risk factors for dislocation.

Methods:

From the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register, we identified 31,105 primary THAs indicated by primary osteoarthritis that had been performed from 2010 to 2014 and had 2 years of follow-up. Dislocations were identified through extraction from the Danish National Patient Register. Matching diagnosis and procedure codes were deemed correct while non-matching codes were reviewed through a comprehensive, nationwide review of patient files. Risk factors were analyzed with multiple logistic regression analysis and presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Our review of patient files identified 1,861 dislocations in 1,079 THAs, which corresponds to a 2-year cumulative incidence of 3.5% (CI = 3.3% to 3.7%). This was a 50% increase compared with the correctly coded dislocations captured by administrative register data only. Patients who were <65 years of age had a lower dislocation risk (OR = 0.70; CI = 0.59 to 0.83) and those who were >75 years of age had a higher risk (OR = 1.32; CI = 1.14 to 1.52) compared with those who were 65 to 75. Male sex (OR = 0.86; CI = 0.75 to 0.98), cemented fixation (OR = 0.71; CI = 0.58 to 0.87), and lateral approach (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.16 to 0.49) were all associated with a lower risk. A head size of 32 mm was associated with a higher risk of dislocation (OR = 1.27; CI = 1.10 to 1.46) than 36-mm heads, whereas dual-mobility cups had a reduced risk (OR = 0.13; CI = 0.05 to 0.36).

Conclusions:

We found the “true” cumulative incidence of dislocations within 2 years after primary THAs performed between 2010 and 2014 in Denmark to be 3.5%. Age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, head size and type, fixation method, and surgical approach were independent significant factors for dislocation. Comprehensive search algorithms are needed in order to identify all dislocations so that this complication can be accurately reported in national registers.