bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KACA PADA RUANG KERJA PERSONIL ATS TERHADAP PELAYANAN LALU LINTAS UDARA DI PERUM LPPNPI SIBOLGA
Authors: Ghoravira Madyajala Muhammad Gusty , Sudrajat Sudrajat , Bayu Aji Sumpono
Published: August 2023

Pemberian pelayanan komunikasi penerbangan kenyamanan personel dalam bekerja adalah hal yang sangat penting. Dalam hal ini ruang kerja personel juga harus memberikan kenyaman bagi personel sesuai dengan Standard of Prosedure yang ada. Seperti penggunaan kaca pada jendela tower harus mencegah cahaya silau matahari masuk kedalam kabin tower seminiminal mungkin. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data penulisan tugas akhir ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan skala likert. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah personel ACO LPPNPI Cabang Sibolga dan Taruna Poltekbang Surabaya yang pernah On The Job Training di LPPNPI Cabang Sibolga. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan yaitu menggunakan metode pengumpulan data, observasi, kuisioner, dan studi pustaka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui upaya optimalisasi Penggunaan Kaca Tower terhadap pemberian pelayanan Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS) di Perum LPPNPI Sibolga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji statistik non parametric. Penelitian mendapatkan hasil bahwa pada LPPNPI Cabang Sibolga, kaca jendela yang terpasang pada tower bandara menyebabkan berkurangnya konsentrasi pada personel yang bertugas dan terganggu yang disebabkan cahaya matahari yang silau masuk kedalam kabin tower. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kaca jendela pada tower dapat mempengaruhi kinerja personel ACO. Penggunaan kaca jendela yang menyebabkan cahaya matahari yang silau masuk kedalam kabin tower dapat menyebabkan terganggunya pandangan personel dalam memantau pergerakan pesawat yang berada di apron atau runway
Automatic Search of Meet-in-the-Middle Differential Fault Analysis on AES-like Ciphers
Authors: Yu Qingyuan , Dong Xiaoyang , Qin Lingyue , Kang Yongze , Jia Keting , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Guoyan
Published: August 2023

Fault analysis is a powerful technique to retrieve secret keys by exploiting side-channel information. Differential fault analysis (DFA) is one of the most powerful threats utilizing differential information between correct and faulty ciphertexts and can recover keys for symmetric-key cryptosystems efficiently. Since DFA usually targets the first or last few rounds of the block ciphers, some countermeasures against DFA only protect the first and last few rounds for efficiency. Therefore, to explore how many rounds DFA can affect is very important to make sure how many rounds to protect in practice. At CHES 2011, Derbez et al. proposed an improved DFA on AES based on MitM approach, which covers one more round than previous DFAs. To perform good (or optimal) MitM DFA on block ciphers, the good (or optimal) attack configurations should be identified, such as the location where the faults inject, the matching point with differential relationship, and the two independent computation paths where two independent subsets of the key are involved. In this paper, we formulate the essential ideas of the construction of the attack, and translate the problem of searching for the best MitM DFA into optimization problems under constraints in Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (MILP) models. With the models, we achieve more powerful and practical DFA attacks on SKINNY, CRAFT, QARMA, PRINCE, PRINCEv2, and MIDORI with faults injected in 1 to 9 earlier rounds than the best previous DFAs.
LPN-based Attacks in the White-box Setting
Authors: Charlès Alex , Udovenko Aleksei
Published: August 2023

In white-box cryptography, early protection techniques have fallen to the automated Differential Computation Analysis attack (DCA), leading to new countermeasures and attacks. A standard side-channel countermeasure, Ishai-Sahai-Wagner’s masking scheme (ISW, CRYPTO 2003) prevents Differential Computation Analysis but was shown to be vulnerable in the white-box context to the Linear Decoding Analysis attack (LDA). However, recent quadratic and cubic masking schemes by Biryukov-Udovenko (ASIACRYPT 2018) and Seker-Eisenbarth-Liskiewicz (CHES 2021) prevent LDA and force to use its higher-degree generalizations with much higher complexity.In this work, we study the relationship between the security of these and related schemes to the Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) problem and propose a new automated attack by applying an LPN-solving algorithm to white-box implementations. The attack effectively exploits strong linear approximations of the masking scheme and thus can be seen as a combination of the DCA and LDA techniques. Different from previous attacks, the complexity of this algorithm depends on the approximation error, henceforth allowing new practical attacks on masking schemes which previously resisted automated analysis. We demonstrate it theoretically and experimentally, exposing multiple cases where the LPN-based method significantly outperforms LDA and DCA methods, including their higher-order variants.This work applies the LPN problem beyond its usual post-quantum cryptography boundary, strengthening its interest for the cryptographic community, while expanding the range of automated attacks by presenting a new direction for breaking masking schemes in the white-box model.
MMM: Authenticated Encryption with Minimum Secret State for Masking
Authors: Naito Yusuke , Sasaki Yu , Sugawara Takeshi
Published: August 2023

We propose a new authenticated encryption (AE) mode MMM that achieves the minimum memory size with masking. Minimizing the secret state is the crucial challenge in the low-memory AE suitable for masking. Here, the minimum secret state is s + b bits, composed of s bits for a secret key and b bits for a plaintext block. HOMA appeared in CRYPTO 2022 achieved this goal with b = 64, but choosing a smaller b was difficult because b = s/2 is bound to the block size of the underlying primitive, meaning that a block cipher with an unrealistically small block size (e.g., 8 bits) is necessary for further improvement. MMM addresses the issue by making b independent of the underlying primitive while achieving the minimum (s + b)-bit secret state. Moreover, MMM provides additional advantages over HOMA, including (i) a better rate, (ii) the security under the multi-user model, (iii) and a smaller transmission cost. We instantiate two variants, MMM-8 (with b = 8) and MMM-64 (with b = 64), using the standard tweakable block cipher SKINNY-64/192. With a (d + 1)-masking scheme, MMM-8 (resp. MMM-64) is smaller by 56d + 184 (resp. 128) bits compared with HOMA. As a result of hardware performance evaluation, MMM-8 and MMM-64 achieved smaller circuit areas than HOMA with all the examined protection orders d ∈ [0, 5]. MMM-8’s circuit area is only 81% of HOMA with d = 5, and MMM-64 achieves more than x3 speed-up with a smaller circuit area.
Les débuts de la Renaixença catalane – entre le libéralisme bourgeois et le passéisme nostalgique
Authors: Barrera i Vidal Albert
Published: August 2023

To understand Catalanism, it is necessary to consider the extraordinary movement of spiritual, political, social and economic renewal that came to be known as the Renaixença, and in particular its beginnings, from the publication of the programmatic ode La pàtria by Bonaventura Carles Aribau (1833) until the solemn renewal of the Jocs Florals in Barcelona (1859). This article tries to show the objective convergence between the economic interests of the rising Catalan bourgeoisie on the one hand and the national and romantic tendencies of the new Catalan literature on the other. The most striking result of that important stage for Catalan fiction was that Catalan, the language of the people, was saved as the language of literature and science.
L'Alguer i l'alguerès
Authors: Paba Antoni
Published: August 2023

This essay is an attempt to describe the Alguerese society in its economic, psychological and cultural aspects, thus contributing to a better understanding of the problems of the Catalan language in this Sardinian city. The author shows how difficult it is to describe the Alguerese people as an ethnic minority, and explains how the language of the Catalan conquerors has survived to the present day as a consequence of stagnant social conditions but also has become endangered in recent decades as a result of the tourism industry and the associated demographic and social upheavals.
Der "II. Congrés Internacional de la Llengua Catalana" von 1986: Pro und Contra
Authors: Badia i Margarit Antoni M. , Bierbach Christina
Published: August 2023

The author, president of the II International Congress on Catalan Language held in 1986, presents his evaluation of this event that brought together about 17,000 linguists and congressmen, interested in the future of the Catalan linguistic community. He compares this congress and the first one, which took place in 1906, reaching, in many respects, a more positive conclusion for the first congress. Badia i Margarit discusses the reluctance that prevented some Catalan linguists from actively participating in the great effort to, once again, mobilize a public opinion for the language. The author highlights, however, the valuable contributions of the many participants in the positive attitudes of many social sectors which, together with the proposed policy measures, can contribute to making the congress a further stage in the process of linguistic normalization.
Les partícules de tractament don i en en català medieval
Authors: Montagut i Barbarà Maria Mercè
Published: August 2023

In contrast to the other Romance languages, Catalan has formed two forms of address particles from Latin dominus/domina: 1. the form en/na, which emerged early and now functions as a personal article, and 2. the more unstable and later abandoned variant don/dona. The article examines the evidence for both variants in the medieval sources and assumes that the reason for the loss of the don variant is the fuzzy semantic demarcation from the competing forms en or, in certain contexts, mossèn. En and na are the forms that are generally accepted but will be reduced in the further development to the mere grammatical function of a personal article and tend to disappear completely in some regions.
Quae maxime damnant animas principum: Fünf antimonarchische Kapitel im Pastorale des Francesc Eiximenis
Authors: Wittlin Curt J.
Published: August 2023

The recent publication of a part of the Dotzè in the Complete Works of Francesc Eiximenis allows us to study in detail the ideas about kings and regents that the famous minorite of València had. We should not forget, however, that Eiximenis also speaks of this subject in others of his writings, such as in the letter to Prince Martí, in the Allegationes, and in the Pastorale. It seems that Eiximenis had not dared to show too much of his anti-monarchism in his Catalan "regiment of princes," the Dotzè, and so included five chapters against the evil kings in his Latin "regiment of bishops", the Pastorale. The reference to Prince Louis of Sicily, who abdicated to become a Franciscan, is a signal to the reader to think of Prince Peter of Aragon, who had done the same, and the situation in Catalonia.The five chapters of the Pastorale are published in the present work as a sample of how the writings of Eiximenis, both those in Catalan and Latin, illuminate each other, and of how urgent the publication of his Complete Works is. Historians are invited to collaborate to investigate the extent to which the Dotzè is a key novel about the political and social events surrounding Eiximenis in the late 14th century.
Coneixement i conreu de la Lingüística General als Països Catalans (1857-1937)
Authors: Montoya Abad Brauli
Published: August 2023

This article tries to describe the achievements of general linguistics within Catalan culture from the mid-19th to the middle of the 20th century. The main linguistic directions that manifested themselves in the Catalan countries during this period and their main authors are the following: comparative linguistics with Lluís Nicolau d'Olwer, idealism with Manuel de Montoliu and structuralism with Ricard Aragó. The German influence is particularly present in the first two directions mentioned. During this time, the work of Pere Barnils on experimental phonetics as well as that of Antoni M. Alcover on dialectology and Alexandre Galí on didactics of syntax emerged.
Vom Latein zum Katalanischen
Authors: Lüdtke Helmut
Published: August 2023

Catalan, as a linguistic system, is the uninterrupted continuation of the language of the Romans. Having a different name from "Latin" is a matter of conscience that can be explained by Charlemagne's reforms. The fact that Catalan and Occitan are now considered two separate languages ​​was not predetermined but was a corollary of 13th-century political events.
Linguistic change is a universal fact due to the activity of speakers, but without their intention. In any language, the three irreversible processes of phonetic shrinkage, syntactic and lexical extension, and fusion of contiguous elements in the spoken string take place continuously. These processes are illustrated by Catalan examples.
La Consolació de la Filosofia en la versió catalana de Pere Saplana i Antoni Genebreda (1358/1362)
Authors: Fàbrega i Escatllar Valentí
Published: August 2023

The Consolatio Philosophae of the Roman scholar Boethius (around 480-524 AD) is, as the numerous manuscripts, translations, and commentaries show, undoubtedly the most influential work of late antiquity for the medieval West. Between 1358 and 1362, two Catalan Dominicans, Pere Saplana and Antoni Genebreda, created and published a Catalan version of the Latin book for the first time. It consists of a very free adaptation and a lengthy commentary that is occasionally inserted. The thesis advocated by Jordi Rubió i Balaguer that this Catalan version of Boethius is dependent on the Consolatio commentary by Thomas Anglicus can be refuted by a closer comparison of the two works. The Catalan Boethius is a clear testimony to a medieval interpretatio christiana of the Roman Neoplatonist, which on the one hand is deeply influenced by the spiritual current of the contemptus mundi and on the other hand testifies to the humanistic interest of the Catalan intellectuality of the 14th century. As a linguistic creation, the work is of great importance. It makes the struggle of a young language visible when dealing with its “mother tongue”, Latin. In conveying such an inaccessible area as ancient Neo-Platonism, the authors had to create new ways of expressing themselves. Freely developed anecdotes to illustrate the transmitted content, as well as the retelling of the Orpheus myth based on the Boethic version, undoubtedly deserve our attention as significant examples of medieval narrative prose. A close relationship with the language of Bernat Metge, especially in his first work Llibre de Fortuna e Prudència, an imitation of the Consolatio of Boethius, can be identified. A literary dependency of this book on the Dominican version, which was written some twenty years earlier, would even be possible. The Catalan version has been translated into Castilian and edited four times. A direct translation of the Consolatio into Castilian was only published in 1516 by Alberto de Aguayo.
Wirkungsweise repressiver Sprachpolitik dargestellt am Beispiel des Katalanischen in der Franco-Zeit
Authors: Kremnitz Georg
Published: August 2023

The article attempts to show the mechanisms at work in repressive language policy. It first summarizes the measures of repression that the Francoist dictatorship used to restrict the use of Catalan. Then it tries to see what the consequences of these measures are from the point of view of the language and the point of view of the speaker, their linguistic awareness, and their practice. It also tries to find out why in the precise case of Catalan these measures were not very successful. The present contribution is intended to serve as a first approach to the issue.
Tirant lo Blanc (1490) und Curial i Güelfa (ca. 1450): Formen ritterlicher Liebe im späten katalanischen Mittelalter
Authors: Schönberger Axel
Published: August 2023

In this paper, some aspects of the concept of love are studied in the two best-known Catalan novels of the 15th century, Tirant lo Blanc (1490) and Curial e Güelfa (approx. 1450). The study is limited to the analysis of the behavior of the main characters – Curial and Güelfa, resp. Tirant and Carmesina – in three key situations: the beginning of love, some obstacles of love (spatial separation and interference of another woman) and the culmination of the love affair at the end. Essential differences between people's conception and behavior are shown: contrary to popular opinion, it seems that Curial is, psychologically, in many respects a more real protagonist than the improbable figure of Tirant who sometimes even contrasts his heroic deeds with ridiculous scenes of frustrated love. The detailed interpretation of some central scenes shows the possibility of interpreting Tirant lo Blanc as a great ironic reversal of the ancient ideals of chivalry, a magnificent and grandiose literary game, full of allusions to other authors and historical facts, and not at all as a "realist" novel.
El català al Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española de Sebastián de Covarrubias
Authors: Eberenz Rolf
Published: August 2023

The Tesoro de la lengua castellana (Treasure of the Castilian Language) by Sebastián Covarrubias, published in 1611, contains a number of Catalan words, particularly from the Kingdom of València, which can be explained by Covarrubias' direct contact with this region. The article presents a list of the approximately 70 Catalan words and expressions it contains that in some cases are of particular interest for their etymology.
Antoni Pous (1932-1976)
Authors: Hösle Johannes
Published: August 2023

Antoni Pous, an exemplary intellectual in the double sense of the word, was one of the first to teach Catalan at German-speaking universities after the Second World War. Having been a seminarian in the Plana de Vic, he was trained and promoted in his literary interests by Carles Riba, and shortly before his untimely death he translated poems by Paul Celan into Catalan. He was a teacher who knew how to give his students a passionate and politically committed view of his country.
Algunes consideracions sobre la projecció exterior de la llengua i cultura catalanes
Authors: Haensch Günther
Published: August 2023

Important, selected areas of the topic of the presence of Catalan language and culture abroad are explained with reference to the past and present; the cultural and public relations work done in Germany for Catalan receives particular attention.
El Decameró català en la versió de 1429: la novel·la de Bernat d'Ast (II, 2)
Authors: Fàbrega i Escatllar Valentí
Published: August 2023

In 1429, a complete edition of the Decameron was published in Catalan. Using the example of the artistically constructed erotic novel by Rinaldo d'Esti (II 2), which is also of some relevance to ecclesiastic history, a comparison of this Catalan version with the Italian version by Boccaccio clearly shows that Casellas' judgment is appropriate, according to which it is not only a translation, but also an interpretation and a creation. The translator has a very free conception of his task. It is not simply ignorance or carelessness that causes him to omit or add detail, to simplify or expand the text he is working on, to round off a characterization, and to uncover the more or less obscure connections of the narrative framework. Rather, he understands Boccaccio's critical stance on the medieval worldview as expressed in his perceptive incorporation of contemporary psychology and takes this approach with great freedom. In doing so, however, he consistently remains true to Boccaccio's intention, which he unreservedly adopts in its deeply human and sceptical humour.
Panorama des iberischen Theaters des Mittelalters: Katalonien-Aragon und Kastilien
Authors: Massip Francesc , Sattel Sabine
Published: August 2023

The article, from the field of medieval drama, tries to clear up both misunderstandings and biased approaches from state cultures against national minority cultures such as the Catalan. In fact, if the studies in the field of medieval Iberian theatre are very scarce and little known abroad, it is because the dramatic activity in Castilian lands at that time is very limited, as the latest research shows. When it comes to making an overview of the scenic practice in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages, it is clear that only the Catalan-Aragonese Crown has a spectacular production of comparable size to that of other nations of the Mediterranean basin, and which marked, at all times, the pattern of theatrical creation and diffusion in the rest of the Hispanic kingdoms. Spectacular production and atmosphere which, after being assimilated by the new state of Castilian hegemony, allowed the theatrical outbreak of the Spanish Golden Age. In this article, the latest research on the subject is summarized and an inventory of all the texts and editions of Catalan dramas known from medieval times is presented.
Panoràmica del teatre valencià de postguerra
Authors: Carbó Ferran
Published: August 2023

After an introduction to the situation of Catalan in the post-war period, the slowly re-emerging theatre in Barcelona, Majorca and València and its circumstances are presented. In València, a regime-compliant and not very innovative, mostly humorous theatre initially prevailed in a diglossic situation. After the first post-war years, religious theatre and entertainment theatre emerged. Scholarly theatre began in 1947 with Martí Domínguez (1908-1984), who in the 1970s, especially with No n'eren deu?, together with other authors, contributed to the further revaluation of Catalan-language drama in València.
Grammatikalisierung von Auxiliaren und Copulae im Katalanischen der Decadència
Authors: Steinkrüger Patrick Oliver
Published: August 2023

The Decadència (15th-18th centuries) is the least known period in the history of Catalan. Until recently there was a great lack of studies on the language of this period of time, especially with regard to internal history. However, the Catalan language was affected by important changes, especially within the verbal system (morphology and grammaticalizations in the cognitive domains "have" and "be"). These changes have caused the typological position of Catalan to move away from its Occitan sister language. With the example of the textual genre of personal diaries and memoirs that had a continuous tradition throughout the Decadència, I shown the development of these processes with quantitative results and with attempts at a qualitative interpretation. At the heart of the analysis are the grammaticalization of the Latin verbs tenere, stare, esse, habere, ambulare/vadere together with the concordance of the participle in the construction of the "indefinite perfect".
Bibliografia de 230 llibrets en català d'obres musicals dels segles XIX i XX
Authors: Eufinger Thomas
Published: August 2023

This bibliographical documentation dedicated to Catalan musical theater in the 19th and 20th centuries lists the references of some 230 theater plays in Catalan which are entirely or partially accompanied by vocal music and for which the corresponding libretti can be found in the Catalan National Library in Barcelona or in the Spanish National Library in Madrid. The list furthermore includes the references of 70 musical plays on which hints and (partial) information could be found in other sources but for which probably no libretti have been published. The aim of this documentary article is to draw the researchers’ attention to this hitherto almost completely neglected poetic genre and to invite scholars to search for more relevant texts and references.
Il modello della narrativa cortese e della precettistica cavalleresca nel Tirant lo Blanch
Authors: Siviero Donatella
Published: August 2023

The novelty of Tirant lo Blanch lies in the fact that he overexcites and turns into chaos the elements of the chivalric romance, while working through the entire literary culture of the late Middle Ages. Proceeding from this statement, the aim of this paper is to show how the two main systems of meaning in the novel, the courtly and the knightly doctrine, function. The first section is therefore dedicated to the echoes of the courtly tradition of French origin in Catalonia. Here Tirant is notable for an almost total eradication of the fairytale that was the "avant-garde" essence of the original novel model. In the second section we compare the novel with the novela sentimental, the psychological component of which Martorell enforces. Finally, we question the manners of behavior in the novel with a view towards the corpus of chivalrous treatises that were flourishing at the time. Here, too, Tirant is conceived in opposition to the obligatory role of a "model knight", against which Martorell has developed a protagonist within the framework of human possibilities. Overall, it can be seen that the mythical qualities of knighthood are levelled out in Tirant lo Blanch. The components of almost all genres alive in contemporary literary memory are thus present, but decoupled from the components with which they have been previously associated. The result is the deformation of all possible genre constituents, which can only exist in the new genre network at the price of their defunctionalization.
Irregularitat i flexió verbal
Authors: Perea i Sabater Maria Pilar
Published: August 2023

The article gives a Generative Grammar account of Catalan verb inflection, based on the work of Wheeler (1979) and Mascaró (1983). It analyses a couple of verbs that have traditionally been considered "irregular" or "semi-irregular". It is argued that Generative Grammar may be used to redefine the very concept of irregularity by making explicit types of regularity that had hitherto escaped morphological analysis.
Katalanischlernen im Internet
Authors: Lotz Birgit
Published: August 2023

This article aims to present and evaluate the web pages dedicated to Catalan and the learning of this language. It presents some programs, available for download, as well as the most important pages that demonstrate the usefulness of the internet as a tool for language learning. The specific possibilities of the internet are especially useful –and perhaps still little known– for Catalan students (intermediate and advanced level). For this reason, these possibilities are presented in a comprehensive and detailed way. All options have been evaluated by the author from the perspective of a native German Catalan learner.
Le Sacre du Printemps: d'Stravinsky a Jaume Vidal Alcover. Anàlisi d'un transvasament alfabètic
Authors: Comes Casas Rosa
Published: August 2023

Stravinsky's music is the starting point of Jaume Vidal’s fourteen poems who try to capture the Russian composer’s rhythmic structures transforming them into lyrics. The Majorcan poet resorts to punctuation marks, to the connotation of words and the specific arrangement of rhythmic clauses to do so. The presence of the musical text in the poetic text does not determine its meaning which is increased by the poet’s new points of view. This essence of the intertextual relationship may be seen when Vidal dilutes the generic borders in favour of the dialogic coexistence between them. The poetic discourse transmits the music’s sensitive reality with its special articulation, but, on the other hand, it has an inescapable conceptual side: the listener who knows the poet's lyrics will have a perception of the musical creation that is much richer and more varied.
Teoria de l'optimitat, processos segmentals i variació dialectal en català
Authors: Pons Clàudia
Published: August 2023

The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the basics of Optimality Theory and to present an application of this theory to the dialectal variation in Catalan, with special reference to the Balearic varieties. After a brief introduction to the history of the origins and the basic assumptions of this theoretical approach, we examine how the theory is able to capture linguistic variation; the behavior of occlusive consonants meeting at word boundaries in the various Catalan dialects on the one hand and the behavior of sequences of adjacent sibilants in the different Balearic varieties on the other serve as a starting point for the application of the theory. The diversity of the processes - such as insertion, elision, assimilation, dissimilation, fusion - to which such consonantal constellations are subjected in the individual dialects of Catalan find their explanation in the different hierarchization of restrictions that have a universal character.
La deriva estandarditzadora valenciana. Del secessionisme rupturista a l'aïllacionisme particularista
Authors: Pradilla Cardona Miquel Àngel
Published: August 2023

The Valencian linguistic conflict in a sociolinguistic context marked by the – structural and social – penetration of the Spanish language and by disconcerning symptoms of linguistic substitution, becomes a politicosocial battle in which ideologic strategies lead to all kinds of statements. So the linguistic philological and sociolinguistic approaches prove insufficient on evaluating the formal care of the language and the slowing down – if not inversion – of its functional dismantling.        This contribution aims at positioning the Valencian standardisation process, that is supervised by the Valencian Language Academy (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua), in the context of ideologically interpreting a disagreement that hardly allows for the establishment of a consensual codification.
Joan F. Mira als Übersetzer des Neuen Testaments
Authors: Fidora Alexander
Published: August 2023

Not only is Joan F. Mira one of the most outstanding Catalan novelists of our times, but also he has enriched Catalan literature with several translations, such as that of the Divine Comedy and, more recently, that of the New Testament.      The present paper is a reflection on this latter translation, which, beyond any doubt, has to be considered a Herculean feat. Using the prin ciples of translation which Mira declares at the beginning of his book as our starting point, we offer a critical analysis of how these principles have been applied in the process of translation, comparing Mira’s text with the Greek original. The outcome is surprising: Although Mira does not apply his principles in a coherent fashion, he succeeds in giving his readers a new, vigorous and expressive version of the text, which is, in many respects, exemplary.

Keywords: Bible, New Testament, biblical translation, Joan F. Mira.
A noir – O bleu ! Von Laut und Schrift zur Fläche. Joan Miró und seine Methode der peinture-poétique
Authors: Rimpau Laetitia
Published: August 2023

Summary: Joan Miró is a towering figure in the landscape of modern art. In the 1920s, when the Catalan painter came to Paris, he totally renewed his conception of techniques and aesthetics. Generally, the works of this period are regarded as “dream pictures”, “automatic paintings”, as a constant part of French Surrealism. The following study tries, in opposition to the current approach, to show that Miró was sceptical about the surrealistic theories and practise of art, conceding having only “une tendance surréaliste”. In the Écrits, Miró offers details about important origins of inspiration: the poetry of Arthur Rimbaud (poet-seer), Guillaume Apollinaire (poet-painter) and the Dadaists (poetry-provocation). Miró not only developed a “poetic style”, but experimented with poetic texts for the process of painting. Miró’s peinture poétique can be related to Rimbaud’s famous sonnet Les voyelles (1871). The painter transferred Rimbaud’s vision of pure sounds, his suggestive and metaphysical dimension of letters into visual painting, using the language as phonetic material. In different drawings, paintings and collages the vocals A, E, I, U, O correspond to symbolic signs and can be seen as objective, abstract geometric forms. For the painter-poet Miró, writing and painting are analogue processes. Various combinations of “letter-pictures” seem to have offered an inexhaustible inventory for Miró’s poetic art. [Keywords: Miró, Rimbaud [Arthur], poetics, Les voyelles, Apollinaire [Guillaume], Calligrammes, Dadaism, Surrealism, peinture poétique].
El salt a secundària: els preadolescents, consum cultural i llengua
Authors: Bretxa i Riera Vanessa
Published: August 2023

Summary: The article aims at identifying the most relevant changes that are taking place in the linguistic behaviour and the cultural practices of students as they move from primary school to high school. The basis of the analysis is a diachronic comparison of indicators regarding the uses in Catalan and Castilian, as well as the use of free time and the habits of cultural consumption. Is the language relevant in order to explain cultural consumption in Catalonia? Is there a typology of consumers according to their initial language? Who are the consumers of Catalan culture? The first results show that only a small cultural market in Catalan exists in Catalonia for the preadolescent. On the other hand, there are certain differences in each ethnolinguistic group, that is, the mother tongue of the pupil is a relevant factor in order to describe her or his cultural consumption. [Keywords: Language, education, preadolescence, culture, media, ethnolinguistic groups, diachronic study].
El color local a La filla del mar d'Àngel Guimerà, a Liebesketten de Rudolph Lothar i Eugen d'Albert i a La nereide de Fernando Fontana i Ulisse Trovati
Authors: Soler Maridès
Published: August 2023

Summary: The local colour plays an important role in the realistic drama as well in the Verismo opera. Normally, both emphasise the rural character, but there are some exceptions, for instance La filla del mar, Liebesketten and La nereide, in which the action takes place in a maritime surrounding: Mediterranean in Guimerà’s and Fontana/Trovati’s work, and Atlantic in Lothar/d’Albert’s. These maritime features are embedded in the vocabulary, the scenography, the occupations of the actors as well as in the individual and collective customs and habits (both popular and religious). In the same way, the inclusion of folk songs contributes to an authentic milieu atmosphere. The nucleus of the conflict in La filla del mar lies particularly in the main protagonist’s (Agatha’s) differentness, which is why Lothar/d’Albert adorn her character with more exotic features than in the Catalan play and at the same time endow the music with a characteristic oriental instrumentation. [Keywords: Àngel Guimerà, Rudolph Lothar, Eugen d’Albert, Fernando Fontana, Ulisse Trovati, La filla del mar, Liebesketten, La nereide, local colour, Catalan theatre, Verismo, opera, Catalan folk songs]
Die Überlieferungstradition von Aphorismen "vom Freund und dem Geliebten" des Ramon Llull in deutscher Sprache im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Schnürle Joachim
Published: August 2023

Summary: Since the beginning of the 20th century, a new interest has arisen in the Catalan encyclopedist Ramon Llull, who lived at the turn of the 14th century. This new interest has become manifest in a new critical edition of his works and in editions of his novels and the mystical verses of the lover and the beloved that were translated into several European languages. The new academic interest also resulted in the foundation of institutes at the universities of Barcelona and Freiburg. This study aims to show that there have been German translations of the Aphorisms of the lover and the beloved since the middle of the 18th century that have been almost entirely neglected by scholars dealing with Ramon Llull. Translations of fragments of the above-mentioned work were done by Gerhard Tersteegen (1697–1769) and Gotthard Ludwig Theobul Kosegarten (1758–1818); the first complete translation by a roman-catholic priest in Bavaria, Nikolaus Casseder (1767–1823), dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. [Keywords: Llull, Tersteegen, Kosegarten, Casseder, Llibre d’amic e amat]
Les partícules modals alemanyes en català: els diccionaris bilingües com a eina de traducció
Authors: Ferrer Mora Hang
Published: August 2023

Summary: In this paper, the German modal particles and their equivalents in Catalan in the main German-Catalan bilingual dictionaries are analyzed. German modal particles pose problems for translators because there is no similar word class in Catalan. The aim is to see whether the equivalents found in the dictionaries can be used as direct translations. Some other points, such as grammatical information and other equivalents found in the dictionaries will be also taken into account. [Keywords: Modal particles; German; Catalan; translation; dictionary]
Problemes de la representació verbal en els diccionaris bilingües català-alemany-català des del punt de vista de l'aprenentatge
Authors: Bernal Elisenda , Sinner Carsten
Published: August 2023

Summary: In this contribution we analyze some modern bilingual Catalan-GermanCatalan dictionaries from the point of view of language learning. In particular, we concentrate on verbs that for different reasons are problematic, among them motion verbs. Verbs are the center of the phrase, they are the most polysemic lexical units and their use in many cases depends on additional information, such as, in German, the position of the speaker. Thus, we analyze which information is given and how it is codified, the differences and contradictions of systematization and presentation, and whether the given information allows the students to arrive to acceptable solutions in the foreign language. [Keywords: Verb representation; bilingual lexicography; language learning; information codification; motion verbs]
Josep Escobar, el clàssic de la historieta catalana
Authors: Soldevilla Albertí Joan Manuel
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article presents and analyzes Josep Escobar’s contribution and his importance as a leading figure in the history of Catalan comics. The text first reviews his biography as well as his participation in the historic events that have marked the 20th century and then continues with a detailed analysis of his contribution to the world of comics, thereby highlighting his most popular creations Carpanta and Zipi y Zape. The essay then analyzes the multifaceted dimension of Josep Escobar and his contribution to other fields such as teaching, drama and animated cartoons. [Keywords: Escobar; Carpanta; Zipi y Zape; comic; Catalan magazines; animated cartoons; Catalan plays]
Zoom, Reise zum Grund des Bildes, vom Kleinen ins Kleinste
Authors: Stadelmaier Philipp
Published: August 2023

Summary: The paintings and sculptures of Antoni Tàpies are violent, closed and hermetic, but also covered by a fine layer of ciphers, signs and scratches. Thus, they hide an invisible ground which they, however, simultaneously begin to provide access to. Tàpies offers a vision and a reading at the same time. However, apart from seeing and reading, there is a third way to penetrate an image: touch. The romans-collage by Max Ernst, the issue of script in the work of Cy Twombly and the illustrations of the Austrian writer Erwin Moser may help us to understand the significance of touch in Tàpies’ plastic art. [Keywords: Tàpies; Cy Twombly; Max Ernst; Erwin Moser; zoom; montage; collage; journey; disaster; scripture; crypt; stroke; art history; ground of the image; touch; painting]
Francesc Trabal: l'aposta pel narrador revoltat
Authors: Simbor Roig Vicent
Published: August 2023

Summary: During the interwar and post-war period, Francesc Trabal was commited to renewing the realist-naturalist fiction pattern from a parodic-ironic perspective. Trabal’s narrator undertakes to programmatically break up the rules of realist verisimilitude. The author does not cease to appear in the story, while the characters are able to leave it through the splendid use of a metalepsis. This paper shows how Trabal’s novels achieve a unique appearance due to intertextual relationships (quotation, allusion and reference), mentions of cinema techniques, the incorporation of historical characters in the fictional world, the narrator’s transformation in an unreliable storytelling machine, the paratextual potential and the reciprocal invasion of both author’s and characters’ dominions by means of the metalepsis, which leads to metafictional practice and reflection. [Keywords: Irony; parody; metafiction; narratology; narrator; author; history of the novel]
La duplicació pronominal en les relatives locatives en català
Authors: Albareda Cristina
Published: August 2023

Summary: This paper analyses the use of the pronoun hi in locative relative clauses in Catalan, which is considered a case of clitic doubling. How it behaves depends on whether it is a defining or non-defining relative clause. The nature of focus of the non-defining clause justifies the presence of the pronoun which acts as a topic’s resumptive pronoun, whereas the pronoun appears in a defining relative clause when the sentence is characterised by specificity. On the other hand, there are two relevant syntactic factors in the appearance of the pronoun hi: the first is the aim to avoid confusions with the pronoun hi with syntactic function – not only in non-defining but also in defining relative clauses – and the second is the fact that the explicit presence of verbal arguments contributes specificity to the defining relative clause. These two factors are also relevant with regard to the acceptability of combinations of the pronoun hi with other pronouns. [Keywords: Locative relative clause; clitic doubling; specificity; pronoun hi; verbal complements]
Un cinema en trànsit per a un temps d'incertesa
Authors: Quintana Àngel
Published: August 2023

Summary: The Catalan cinema has traditionally been confined within the limits of a linguistic ambiguity which has placed it between an industrial model accepting both Castilian Spanish and Catalan, and a model which considered that the Catalan cinema was one which solely utilized the Catalan language. Now that this debate seems finally to be over, a new debate arises which places the Catalan cinema between a model of author’s cinema, which has progressively gained cultural significance, and a commercial cinema which is trying to make its way through the American market. This debate is very much on the foreground after the Catalan cinema experienced a renaissance in quality and became much more present. Nonetheless, the cinema is located in a country which is undergoing a process of political transformation which has led it to a point where it wants to cut its ties with the administrative references of the Spanish state. This article aims to situate the Catalan cinema directly in the center of that debate, in a country, Catalonia, which is going through political and cultural transformation. [Keywords: Catalan cinema; cinema d’autor; industry; independence; avantgarde; documentary]
La "Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí" ab les "Cobles de la Mort": una sèrie de gravats en set edicions cerverines no datades
Authors: Mahiques Climent Joan
Published: August 2023

Summary: Among the volumes published in eighteenth century Cervera, we examine seven editions of the «Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí» ab les «Cobles de la Mort», which reproduce the same series of eight woodcuts illustrating some of the events that happen to a visionary pilgrim and a ghost from purgatory. These editions have no date, but they indicate the name of a printer called Emanuel/Emmanuel Ibarra. Some of the ornaments and other formal elements visible on these editions were used by the same printer in other books dating from 1739 to 1747. [Keywords: University of Cervera; Emanuel Ibarra (1709–1757); printed poetry; literature; iconography]
Ironies del destí i visió del món en dues narracions de Víctor Català i Josep Carner
Authors: Gregori Soldevila Carme
Published: August 2023

Summary: The current article examines the use of irony in two short stories by Víctor Català and Josep Carner: «Parricidi» and «L’objecte màgic», respectively. These are two particularly interesting examples for the study of the subject, since the ironic treatment is carried out around the concepts that support the authors’ vision: fatalism, in Víctor Català, and arbitrariness, in Josep Carner. Thanks to the study not only the use of situational irony or dramatic irony in Català, but also the use or verbal irony, with its different procedures, in Carner’s story can be confirmed. [Keywords: Irony; vision of the world; fatalism; arbitrariness; Josep Carner; Víctor Català]
Sprach- und Identitätsdiskurse: Mallorca und die Republik Moldau im Vergleich
Authors: Moranta Sebastià
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article compares the discourses on ethnolinguistic identity in the sociopolitical context of Majorca and the Republic of Moldova, highlighting a series of parallel affinities. We base or study on the analysis of some linguistic ideologies disseminated through texts produced by scholars, politicians and journalists, which shape the public discourse in both territories. Various aspects of the standardization processes of Catalan and Romanian are discussed, as well as the position of most Majorcan and Moldovan intellectuals in favour of the standard language, the controversy surrounding the “scientific truth” and the respective glottonyms, and the persistence of purist attitudes. We also allude to the “mythical bilingualism”, used to the benefit of dominant languages, and to the marks left by traditionally hegemonic Spanish and Russian. [Keywords: Majorca; Moldova; linguistic ideologies; language and identity; standardization; linguistic purism; nation-building]
Indexing Romance Language Use? Zur Anwendbarkeit eines aktuellen Theoriemodells aus den USA auf die soziolinguistische Analyse der romanischen Sprachen und insbesondere des Katalanischen
Authors: Hoinkes Ulrich
Published: August 2023

Summary: Social indexicality and enregisterment are basic notions of a theoretical model elaborated in the USA, whose aim is to describe the relationship between the use of language variation and patterns of social behavior on a level of formal classifications. This analytical approach is characterized by focusing on the interrelation of social performance and language awareness. In our contribution we want to show how this modern methodology can give new impetus to the study of today’s problem areas in Europe like ‘migration and language’ or ‘urban life and language use’. In particular, we are interested in the case of Catalan which has been treated for some time by proponents of the North-American enregisterment theory. This leads us to indicate that explicit ways of social conduct like language shift or the emblematic use of linguistic forms can be interpreted with regard to the social indexicality of Catalan. We thus analyze them in a way which shows that authenticity and integration in Catalan society can be achieved to a considerable extent by practicing forms of linguistic enregisterment. [Keywords: Social indexicality; enregisterment; sociolinguistics; language variation; urban dialect; multilingualism; migration; Catalan]
L'adquisició i l'ensenyament dels usos del passat: anàlisi de manuals de català com a segona llengua
Authors: Comajoan Colomé Llorenç
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article deals with the relationship between results in second language (L2) acquisition research with respect to the acquisition of the uses of perfective and imperfective forms and the contents of L2 Catalan language textbooks. The first section of the article reviews the theoretical approaches and the results of studies on the acquisition and teaching of L2 past forms. The second section analyzes four L2 Catalan textbooks in order to examine whether the findings from research are integrated or not. The results show that textbooks differ significantly in how they present the forms and uses of the past and that, in general, results from language acquisition and teaching research are not taken into account. [Keywords: acquisition of tense and aspect; textbooks; second language acquisition; language teaching; Catalan]