bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folkhemmets paradoxer. Genus och etnicitet i den svenska modellen
Authors: de los Reyes Paulina
Published: June 2022

During the post-war period the Swedish model crystallised in the working life and in society as a whole. Paradoxically it appears that the model's aim, which was to achieve a higher standard of living as well as increased citizen participation and equality, has been overshadowed by obvious tendencies to segregation and exclusion. This is particularly true for those groups of people who were integrated into the labour märket after the war. This is evidenced by the ever greater significance of race and gender as grounds for segregation. The role of history as a space where identities are constructed calls for an examination of historians' representations of these changes in working life. This is discussed on the basis of two studies, which have set the tone for historical analysis after the war. These considerations of contemporary processes can be seen as two ways of conceptualising the transition between qualitatively different historical periods. At a deeper level, I interpret this writing of history as part of the construction of two parallel narratives without any connection with one another. This reductionist history with gender and ethnicity as two separate categories has contributed to an understanding of changes in the workplace as a process where both "femininity" and "immigrant status" are regarded as the exception while "Swedishness" and "masculinity" remain the self-evident norm in the workplace and on the labour märket. The artide argues for a new understanding of the changes in working life and in paiticular of the differentiation of labour focussing on those processes which by constituting a norm maintain and legitimise segregation. I suggest a a new periodisation of the post-war period. This forms the basis for an interpretation, which, by integrating the perspectives of gender and ethnicity, reveals one of the Swedish model's major paradoxes, namely the segregation of labour on the basis of gender and race. This process has roots in the past and has been institutionalised by actions, values and rules that are reproduced at different levels in working life and in society.
"Jag har låtsat en värme som jag aldrig känt". RFSU:s sexualrådgivning under 1930- och 1940-talen
Authors: Lennerhed Lena
Published: June 2022

RFSU, Riksförbundet för sexuell upplysning ("The Swedish Association for Sex Education") was founded in 1933 by the journalist and syndicalist Elise Ottesen-Jensen (1886- 1973) and a group of left-wing doctors. Sexual reform was its mission. The organisation wanted information, contraceptives and abortion to be accessible, the introduction of sexual education in schools and a decriminalization of homosexual acts. In this artide, RFSU'S views on sexuality and gender in the 1930's and 1940's, are discussed. I focus on what at the time was seen as major dysfunctions in sexual life, women's frigidity and men's impotence. RFSU was of the opinion that women were oppressed in society, but gave no political explanation to frigidity. Frigidity was seen as a psychological and relational problem, caused by ignorance, sexual inhibitions, fear of unwanted pregnancies or male negligence. The artide also focuses upon the concept of sexuality. Within RFSU, different perspectives on sexuality were put forward - biological, psychological, social - that is, there was not one exclusive concept or definition of sexuality. But some ideas were shared: that sexuality was a distinctive force throughout life, that it was primarily directed towards pleasure and only secondly towards reproduction, that women's sexuality was as powerful as men's (but possibly different), and that heterosexual intercourse was the ideal and normal sexual act even though expressions of sexuality could vary.
Rösträttsrörelsens kvinnor - i konflikt och i samförstånd
Authors: Rönnbäck Josefin
Published: June 2022

On the basis of sociologist Alberto Melucci's theory of social movements, I investigate the Swedish suffrage movement known as Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt, LKPR (The National Association for Votes for Women). I study this movement both as a collective actor with a collective constructed identity and as an arena for internal conflict. I argue that LKPR contributed towards a shift in and extension of the boundaries of politics by demanding the abolition of the so called women's bar which disenfranchised all women; by converting women's disadvantages into a politics; by questioning the division of public and private, and not least by contributing to women's entry into new spheres. The LKPR was the largest women's organisation at the turn of the century consisting of women from different class background and different party political affiliation. It succeeded however in mobilizing women in the struggle for civil rights by very actively and consciously creating a collective classless but nonetheless genderized identity. The suffragists internal compromises resulted in an official advocacy of independence form party politics, and according to the statutes, the association was to remain neutral in relation to the emerging party system. But in practice the organisation had close relations to the liberals. I also show that in some respects there is reason to speak of the LKPR as a class movement even if the organisation can be seen as a strategic coalition which concealed the problematics of class. For tactical reasons, in order to hold a broad based movement together and in order to be allowed a hearing in public debate at all, the LKPR'S propaganda put forward an apparently safe and consensual notion of gender relations whereby women and men were seen as mutually dependent and thus complementary. These ideas were inspired by 'practical' considerations. Nationalism also functioned as a unifying set of values within the LKPR and the members agreed that women's exclusion from politics was unjust. The vote too was regarded as a key to a change in the relation between the genders in society. The artide, however, highlights the internal conflicts within the association rather than the conflict with encompassing male society. I show that the internal conflicts over the description of goals, for instance, often had ideological implications.
"Rätten till våra kroppar". Kvinnorörelsen och våldtäktsdebatten
Authors: Thomsson Ulrika
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY In the spring of 1976 the issue of rape surfaced in the Swedish public debate as a reaction to a government report (sou 1976:9). The report came from the Committee on Sex Crimes, which attempted to dedramatise the rape issue and suggested a reduction in the penalties for the crime. A section of the independent women's movement known as Grupp 8 organised a protest, supported by a wide range of other groups within the women's movement. This artide describes how almost the entire Swedish women's movement co-operated and consequently succeeded in getting the government report withdrawn. It focuses on the different strategies used and on the alliances formed by the different groups within the movement. I suggest that the new women's movement contributed to an alternative way of thinking about the question of women's physical integrity. By and large this was the result of consciousnessraising strategies, e.g. using humour as a means of revealing and challenging oppressive systems. I also argue that the movement played an important role in strengthening women's self-esteem and increasing their perception of their own strength and that this provided a basis for outward action directed towards society at large. The challenge offered by the rape debate can be found in the combination of radical content and new modes of co-operation.
Kunskapens kön - ett generationsperspektiv
Authors: Widerberg Karin
Published: June 2022

The argument of this artide is that feminist analysis of the gender of knowledge would profit by using a generational perspective. By making use of Sandra Harding's concepts of structural, symbolic and individual gender, I suggest that it is possible to track down the structural dilemmas and the symbolic climate, specific to any one generation. This is done by positioning them in relation to their subjectivity and the epistemology they embrace. In an effort to illuminate the structural, symbolic and individual gender of four generations of feminists the artide examines four groups in chronological order namely "exceptional women", "pioneers", "the next to equal" and "individualists". The artide concludes by asking whether a radical epistemological critique will emanate from the new generation of women researchers - the generation of the "individualists" - who unlike their predecessors are not positioned as "outsiders within" the academy.
Olive growing in arid area: further challenges from climate change
Authors: Elloumi Olfa , Benmoussa Haïfa , Ben Ammar Fathi , Mohamed Ayaydi , Abichou Mounir , Ben Mimoun Mahdi , Ghrab Mohamed
Published: June 2022

In Tunisia, agriculture is vulnerable to climate change with harmful impacts subsequent warming and drying trends. In these regions, olive industry plays a key role at regional and national level. Therefore, the identification of adapted olive tree genotypes has become an urgent need to develop sustainable agriculture in arid lands. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of climatic variation on the olive growing systems in arid and sub-arid areas of Tunisia. The phenological behavior of Chemlali and Zalmati, main olive cultivars wide spreading in central and southern Tunisia, respectively, were considered to evaluate their capacity to adapt to contrasting climatic conditions. Over the 2005-2019 period, olive cultivars presented variable flowering dates related to local climatic conditions. Zalmati cultivar bloom in Zarzis seems to be earlier than Chemlali cultivar in Sfax region with average flowering dates of DOY-92 (April-3) and DOY-106 (April-17), respectively. A tendency for advancing the growing season was observed with warmer winters, which leads to disruption of pollination, high risk of insect attack, and consequently harmful effects on the production and product quality. This investigation serves as a basis for making recommendations taking into account the production areas as well as for addressing projected climate change.
XÂY DỰNG TỈNH BÌNH DƯƠNG THEO HƯỚNG ĐÔ THỊ THÔNG MINH
Authors: Toàn Trần Thanh
Published: June 2022

Xây dựng thành phố thông minh đã và đang trở thành xu thế tất yếu của các thành phố, đô thị trên thế giới.
Tại Việt Nam nói chung và tỉnh Bình Dương nói riêng, xây dựng phát triển Thành phố thông minh hay đô thị thông minh là việc  quan trọng để tận dụng hiệu quả những cơ hội của cuộc cách mạng Công nghiệp lần thứ tư (CMCN 4.0) và hướng tới phát triển bền vững.
Việt Nam xác định rõ, xây dựng và phát triển đô thị thông minh hay Thành phố thông minh là một trong ba nội dung cốt lõi trong chủ động tham gia CMCN 4.0, bên cạnh phát triển kinh tế số và xây dựng Chính phủ điện tử tiến tới Chính phủ số, do đó đối với tỉnh Bình Dương  phát triển Thành phố thông minh hay đô thị thông minh là việc cần thực hiện trong thời gian hiện nay.
Việc xây dựng đô thị thông minh là xu thế tất yếu nhưng lại là vấn đề không hề đơn giản. Mỗi đô thị đều phải đối mặt với thách thức của riêng mình, do đó cần sử dụng và kết hợp nhiều giải pháp cụ thể.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NỔ MÌN ĐẾN TRẠNG THÁI ỨNG SUẤT TRONG KHỐI ĐÁ QUANH ĐƯỜNG HẦM
Authors: Mãn Nguyễn Xuân , Phong Nguyễn Duyên , Huệ Nguyễn Ngọc , Hinh Phạm Đức
Published: June 2022

Xây dựng đường hầm trong đá cứng thường sử dụng phương pháp khoan-nổ mìn để phá đá gương hầm. Sau khi nổ mìnvà xúc bốc đất đá nổ ra sẽ nhận được khoảng trống bên trong đường biên theo yêu cầu thiết kế. Khối đá bao quanh đường hầm phía ngoài đường biên tuy không bị phá hủy nhưng phát sinh nứt nẻ, lực dính C và góc nội ma sát φ của khối đá giảm, do đó mà độ bền của khối đá giảm đi so với trước khi nổ mìn. Mức độ giảm bền của khối đá phụ thuộc vào công nghệ nổ mìn. Bài viết này xem xét sự thay đổi mô đun biến dạng khối đá do nổ mìn, từ đó xem xét ảnh hưởng của nổ mìn đến trạng thái ứng suất trong khối đá quanh đường hầm.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TEACHING AND LEARNING AT UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Hung Pham Duc , Ngan Duong Thi Thu , Mi Nguyen Thi Tra , Diem Nguyen Le Khoa , Tuan Nguyen Anh
Published: June 2022

The paper focuses on the analysis of the reports conducted by international organizations inassociation with the workable solutions implemented at higher education institutions. As aconsequence, the paper will draw reasonable conclusions and propose practical measures inteaching and learning activities at the Institute of Industrial Management Logistics IMALOG, BinhDuong University
MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA THẤT NGHIỆP VÀ Ý THỨC BẢO VỆ TỔ QUỐC: LÝ LUẬN VÀ THỰC TIỄN
Authors: Nguyên Trần Bảo
Published: June 2022

Bước vào thế kỷ XXI, thất nghiệp đã trở thành một vấn nạn và xuất hiện ở hầu hết mọi quốc gia. Những hệ lụy do thất nghiệp gây ra luôn tác động sâu rộng đến mọi ngành nghề, lĩnh vực và rất khó tiên lượng. Trên cơ sở vận dụng mối quan hệ hữu cơ giữa phát triển kinh tế và củng cố quốc phòng – an ninh, tác giả đặt ra giả thuyết về mối quan hệ tương tác giữa thất nghiệp và ý thức bảo vệ Tổ quốc nhằm tìm hiểu các nguy cơ tác động đối với khía cạnh quốc phòng - an ninh trong bối cảnh hiện nay. Tác giả tiến hành kiểm chứng thông qua phương pháp phân tích các quan điểm triết học và nghiên cứu thực tiễn biểu hiện của mối quan hệ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thất nghiệp gây ra không ít những trở ngại đối với quá trình hình thành ý thức bảo vệ Tổ quốc của một cá nhân. Đồng thời, ý thức bảo vệ Tổ quốc của một cá nhân nào đó sẽ bị suy thoái, lệch hướng khi rơi vào tình trạng thất nghiệp và những hành vi bảo vệ Tổ quốc đi ngược lại với lợi ích xã hội cũng từ đó mà xuất hiện.
Alâ b. Hadramî’nin İdarî, Siyasi, İktisadi ve Askeri Alanlardaki Faaliyetleri
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Her biri, ayrı özellik ve değere sahip İslâm’ın ilk nesli olan sahâbe içerisinde farklı şahsiyetleri tanımış olmak, o dönemin fotoğrafını çekmeyi ve bazı çıkarımlarda bulunmayı kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda birçok sahâbî araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Bu çalışma, bu alanda yapılan araştırmalara katkı sağlamayı ve o döneme farklı açıdan ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Sahâbe, öncelikle Hz. Peygamber’in eğitiminden geçmiş, dinin emir ve yasaklarını bizzat ondan öğrenmiştir. Sahâbe, bu eğitim sayesinde günü geldiğinde Hz. Peygamber’in kendilerine vermiş olduğu kadılık, kâtiplik, elçilik, valilik, komutanlık vb. bürokratik görevleri hakkıyla yerine getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Hadramût bölgesi kabilelerinden Kinde’ye mensup olup erken dönemde Müslüman olan, Hudeybiye antlaşmasından sonra tarihî olaylarda karşımıza çıkmasına rağmen, sahip olduğu vasıflar sayesinde Hz. Peygamber’in Medine’de kurduğu devletin siyasî, idarî ve iktisadî kadrolarında yer alan Alâ b. Hadramî incelenmiştir. Hz. Peygamber, Alâ b. Hadramî’yi sahip olduğu bazı vasıflar nedeniyle, bir göreve atanmak için sadece okuma yazma bilmenin yeterli olmadığı, mutlak liyakatin esas olduğu bir dönemde bazı resmî vazifelerle görevlendirmiştir. Araştırmada Alâ b Hadramî hakkında farklı kaynaklardaki veriler bir araya getirilerek gerek Hz. Peygamber gerek Hz. Ebû Bekir ve Hz. Ömer dönemlerinde ifa ettiği bürokratik görevler hakkında tartışmalara sebep olan bazı konular analiz edilerek aydınlatılmaya gayret edilmiştir.
THE 17TH CONFERENCE OF HO CHI MINH CITY SOCIETY OF DERMATO-VENEREOLOGY
Authors: Thao Vu Thi Phuong
Published: June 2022

Conidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. We provide the first case of rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis in the North of Vietnam. A 32-year-old rural male patient presented with some diffuse subcutaneous nodules affecting centrofacial area. Histopathology showed granulomas with hyphae known as Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. The patient was successfully treated with combination therapy including saturated solution of potassium iodide and itraconazole.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM XÃ HỘI BỆNH NHÂN ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA THẨM MỸ DA BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Nguyễn Trọng Hào  , Nguyễn Thị Phan Thúy  , Trầm Minh Trí  , Bùi Minh Tân
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm kinh tế-xã hội, mức độ hài lòng, mong muốn làm đẹp và một số lựa chọn khác của đối tượng đến khám và điều trị tại khoa Thẩm Mỹ Da (TMD) Bệnh viện Da Liễu thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến về mức độ hài lòng, mong muốn làm đẹp, và một số lựa chọn khác.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang ca trên 417 bệnh nhân độ tuổi từ 18 trở lên, đến khám và điều trị tại khoa TMD, bệnh viện Da Liễu TP.HCM, từ 07/2020 đến 10/2020. Tất cả bệnh nhân được giải thích nghiên cứu và đồng thuận tham gia nghiên cứu, sau đó được phỏng vấn theo bộ câu hỏi khảo sát được soạn sẵn.
Kết quả: Đặc trưng chung của nhóm đối tượng đến khám và điều trị tại khoa TMD là giới tính nữ (80,1%), độ tuổi 18-39 (62,8%), cư trú tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (60,2%) với mức thu nhập hằng tháng dưới 10 triệu đồng. Quyết định đến điều trị tại khoa TMD thường do tự quyết định (60,1%) với mong muốn điều trị mờ sẹo (31,3%) và rám má (36,3%) thường gặp nhất. Mức độ hài lòng đạt 89,9%. Phân tích hồi quy đa biến cho thấy nhóm tuổi và tình trạng hôn nhân là yếu tố dự đoán độc lập với nguồn ảnh hưởng quyết định tìm đến điều trị TMD và nhóm tuổi và giới tính là yếu tố dự đoán độc lập với mong muốn làm đẹp của bệnh nhân.  
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu giúp khảo sát rõ các đặc điểm đặc trưng của nhóm dân số có mối quan tâm đến điều trị TMD. Kết quả nghiên cứu có thể là công cụ gợi ý giúp bác sĩ TMD nắm bắt được những kỳ vọng thật sự của bệnh nhân, giúp lựa chọn những phương pháp điều trị thích hợp tùy theo đặc điểm kinh tế-xã hội và kỳ vọng của bệnh nhân.
Life Cycle Environmental and Cost Analysis of Building Insulated with Hemp Fibre Compared to Alternative Conventional Insulations – a Swedish Case Study
Authors: Hult Mathilda , Karlsmo Sara
Published: June 2022

This study presents a comparative life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) assessments of hemp fibre and conventional alternative insulations for the climate shell of a building. The conventional alternative insulations compared to the hemp fibre are cellulose and glass wool. The object of the analysis is a one-story single-family house, in Växjö, Sweden, and the lifetime of the house is set to 50 years. The LCA focuses on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact and the LCC during the lifetime of the different insulations for the building are calculated using the net present value method. The results show that the net GWP-impact for hemp fibre insulation is about 10 % lower and the cost is about 20 % higher than the conventional glass wool alternative. Furthermore, the analysis shows that cellulose insulation has slightly lower GWP-impact and nearly the same cost as the glass wool alternative. Sensitivity analyses regarding five different issues were performed and these show that: for cellulose coming from recycled paper, it contributed to less fossil emissions than non-recycled paper. If the data source for glass wool insulation is changed from environmental product declarations (EPD) to generic data, the greenhouse gas emissions increased. By replacing district heating system with geothermal heating system, fossil GWP-impacts also increased while the LCC analysis shows that operating costs is reduced. If the fuel is changed from diesel to electricity, fossil emissions are reduced over the life cycle of the building. If only part A1 – A5 is reported, as required for the Swedish climate declaration, the results point to the outcomes that glass wool insulation gives the least fossil GWP-impact while the hemp fibre gives the least net GWP-impact.
GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS BACKGROUND CONTENTS IN SOILS IN THE AREA OF THE SARALA GOLD ORE CLUSTER (THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASSIA, RUSSIA)
Authors: Myagkaya I. N. , Kirichenko I. S. , Saryg-ool B. Yu. , Gustaitis M. A.
Published: June 2022

We assessed the contents of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb, Hg in soils of the residential settlements and surrounding areas exposed to anthropogenic load due to mining activities. The study object is located in the Kuznetsk Alatau (part of the Sarala gold ore cluster – SGOC), the village of Priiskovy and its tailings dump, the village of Ordzhonikidzevsky, the Republic of Khakassia). The background contents in the SGOC soils are the following: Fe 3.08–5.06 %, Ni 24.74–45.13 g/t, Cu 22.33–38.81 g/t, Zn 86.72–200 g/t, As 5.45–11.25 g/t, Cr 35.60–73.25 g/t, Pb 14.12–26.17 g/t, Hg 0.01–0.14 g/t. It was found that the background area has increased the natural contents of the studied elements. The soils sampled from the territory of the tailing dump are distinguished by the elevated element contents relative to the background values and especially by a sharp jump of the As and Zn contents (abnormal contents). The contents of all the elements examined in the soils of the territories in the vicinity of the tailing dump also exceed the background values of the SGOC with different proportions of cases and have the increased As, Cr, and Pb contents relative to the maximum permissible concentration of soils. Clustering of the data shows the presence of two clusters, which indicate the availability of the background and anomalous values associated with the technogenic impact of the mining industry in the study area of the Sarala gold ore cluster.
Trocas gasosas e qualidade de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (vell.) Morong sob doses de hidrogel em diferentes regimes hídricos
Authors: Cadête Alexandre da Silva , Mendonça Luciana Freitas de Medeiros , Ribeiro Isabella Rocha , Dias Izabel dos Santos , Silva Viviane Farias , Cunha Maria do Carmo Learth
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de doses de hidrogel no desenvolvimento de Enterolobium contortisiliquum sob diferentes regimes hídricos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na área experimental do Viveiro Florestal da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no município de Patos-PB. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo 02 (dois) regimes hídricos (80% e 40% da capacidade de campo do substrato) e 3 (três) doses de hidrogel (0, 1,5g e 3,0g), totalizando 6 (seis) tratamentos em 4 repetições e uma planta por parcela. O crescimento das plantas foi avaliado a cada 15 dias quanto ao número de folhas (unidade planta-1), diâmetro do colo (mm) e altura da planta (cm). Ao final do experimento foi avaliado o crescimento do sistema radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular, teor relativo de água (TRA) e trocas gasosas. Os dados iniciais e finais de crescimento foram obtidos e submetidos à análise de variância para detectar possíveis efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis analisadas utilizando-se o programa SISVAR. O regime hídrico de 40% não alcançou o nível de déficit suficiente para proporciona estresse hídrico as mudas de tamboril. A incorporação do hidrogel no substrato em diferentes regimes hídricos não influencia no crescimento, desenvolvimento e qualidade das mudas de tamboril. O tamboril é uma espécie de rápido desenvolvimento mesmo sob condições limitadas de água.
Análise da sinergia de resíduos obtidos de atividades de agropecuária na produção de biogás
Authors: Krieger Pedro Augusto , Frare Laercio Mantovani , Eyng Eduardo , Orssatto Fabio , Alino João Henrique de Lima , Edwiges Thiago
Published: June 2022

A utilização de diferentes resíduos, obtidos nas atividades da agropecuária, pode ser uma opção atrativa para a geração de energia a partir de seus tratamentos por meio da digestão anaeróbia. Em diversas regiões do Brasil, em que a principal atividade é a agropecuária, há um elevado potencial de expansão na matriz energética. Nestas regiões podem ser encontrados, entre outros, os dejetos da suinocultura, as camas de aviários, os dejetos de bovinos e os subprodutos da industrialização de leite. Portanto, muitas vezes pode ser possível a mistura de alguns desses resíduos na produção de biogás, seja por necessidade da propriedade ou por demonstrarem elevado potencial quando combinados. O presente trabalho avaliou o potencial de produção de biogás a partir da combinação de diferentes resíduos provenientes das atividades de suinocultura, bovinocultura e industrialização de leite. Os ensaios foram realizados em batelada, em frascos de vidro de 250 mL, mantidos sob condições mesofílicas (36 °C) por um período de 58 dias. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados, segundo o teste de Tukey e os modelos de Cinética de Primeira Ordem, Gompertz modificado e de Chen e Hashimoto foram utilizados, para descrever o comportamento da produção de biogás. Ao final do experimento, o substrato que se destacou com a maior produção de biogás foi o Suíno + Soro de Leite, com um volume de 1693,58 mLN g SV-1. No entanto, quando comparado com o substrato Bovino + Suíno, de acordo com o teste de Tukey, não há diferença significativa entre as médias de produção. Além disso, a injeção de pequena quantidade de ar em um sistema de biodigestao, mostrou-se eficiente no processo de remoção de H2S.
Reflexões sobre o desempenho do programa minha casa minha vida (PMCMV): Estudo em Teresina, Piauí
Authors: Leite Cristiana de Sousa , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis , Lira Marcos Antonio Tavares
Published: June 2022

A habitação é uma necessidade básica e um direito social, devendo ser assegurada à população em quantidade e em locais que promovam o desenvolvimento social e econômico dos beneficiados. Entre os anos de 2009 e 2020, o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) foi a principal ferramenta de construção de moradias no Brasil, sendo forte referência para seus sucessores, de modo que sua análise pode guiar as medidas a serem adotadas. Assim, este artigo busca verificar o desempenho do PMCMV, quanto às suas metas, recursos públicos investidos e distribuição das contratações no país, bem como refletir sobre a configuração espacial dos empreendimentos do PMCMV em Teresina, Piauí. Após coleta de dados do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional e da Fundação João Pinheiro, foi comparada, estatisticamente, a distribuição das contratações e investimentos por faixa e ano no Brasil e por regiões geográficas, confrontando ainda com as metas de produção habitacional estabelecidas pelo governo no período. Em Teresina, além das análises de distribuição aplicadas nas demais esferas, que incluiu uma visão por tipologia (casa e apartamento), os dados foram comparados com o desenvolvimento econômico dos bairros deste município. Verificou-se que a faixa 1 foi prioridade nas contratações do Programa apenas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, mesmo sendo a principal componente do déficit habitacional em todo o país. O alcance das metas e a produtividade variaram ao longo do Programa e precisam ser melhoradas, para otimizar a produção habitacional. Em Teresina, embora a faixa 1 tenha respondido pela maior parte das contratações, percebeu-se periferização tanto econômica quanto espacial, promovida pelo PMCMV, e em níveis inversamente proporcionais à renda dos beneficiados, indicando uma segregação mesmo dentro do programa. Os interesses do mercado, novamente, prevaleceram sobre a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, principalmente, mais pobres, sendo imperativa a mudança de prioridades nas medidas governamentais visando promover a inserção urbana das moradias populares e propiciar a inclusão dos beneficiados com melhor acesso a oportunidades de emprego e renda e menor necessidade de deslocamentos, garantindo, assim, aos moradores exercer seu direito à cidade.
Learning to Notice og brug af videooptaget undervisning i læreruddannelsen
Authors: Slot Marie Falkesgaard , Hjarnø Gitte , Reng Martin , Moe Christa Berner
Published: June 2022

Studiet undersøger lærerstuderendes udvikling af professionel opmærksomhed med afsæt i konceptet Learning to Notice (LTN), deres brug af fagsprog og begreber, begge dele med afsæt i videooptaget undervisning fra skolefaget dansk i folkeskolen. Resultaterne peger på, at struktureret observation grundlæggende styrker studerendes opmærksomhed på lærerens handlemuligheder i klasseværelset og på et potentielt læringsudbytte i forbindelse med integration af videooptaget undervisning i campusundervisning. Samtidig har studerende vanskeligt ved at beskrive, analysere og forudsige hændelser i undervisningen og anvende faglige begreber om de elementer, de lægger mærke til. De studerende får typisk øje på relationer mellem elever og lærere, mens fokus på danskfaglige problemstillinger træder i baggrunden. Med udgangspunkt i projektets resultater ser vi brug af video og systematisk observation (LTN) på læreruddannelsen som et område, hvor videre studier kan bidrage til større forståelse for studerendes indsigt i læreres praksis og herunder de beslutninger og temaer, som undervisning består af i klasseværelset.

 

AbstractThe study examines students’ development of the concept Learning to Notice (LTN), their use of professional language and concepts, based on video-recorded teaching from the school subject Danish in primary school. The results indicate that structured observation fundamentally strengthens students’ awareness of the teacher’s options for action in the classroom and of a potential learning outcome associated with the integration of video-recorded teaching in campus teaching. At the same time, students have difficulty describing, analyzing, and predicting events in teaching and applying academic concepts about the elements they notice. The students typically see relationships between students and teachers, while the focus on subject matters falls into the background. Based on the project’s results, we see the use of video and systematic observation methods in teacher education as an area where further studies can contribute to a greater understanding of students ’insight into teachers’ practice and including the decisions and themes that teaching consists of in the classroom.
Spitsbergen Through The Times
Authors: Kruse Frigga
Published: June 2022

British mining and exploration companies were active in Spitsbergen, today Svalbard, between 1904 and 1953. This period was marked by events like the First World War and the signing of the Spitsbergen Treaty, some say Svalbard Treaty, and was therefore politically charged. This article investigates the British Arctic enterprise as portrayed in an influential newspaper, the London Times, where a diverse range of items appeared across the sections Advertising, Business, News, Editorials, and Letters to the Editor. Reports of the London Stock Exchange and the London Gazette serve as factual counterweights to potentially subjective media coverage. In four distinct phases, we see the archipelago’s emergence in global politics, post-war optimism until the settlement of all claim disputes in 1927, a quiet phase caused by global economic depression, and renewed but short-lived optimism after the Second World War. The paper concludes that the British Government took a stance in the Spitsbergen Question already in 1907, and the Times could not be instrumentalised to change this official political opinion. The study offers a baseline for new and comparative research using similar historical sources.
Virkelighetsnære oppdrag i Kunst og håndverk
Authors: Heggvoll Janne , Lutnæs Eva
Published: June 2022

Høsten 2020 ble det innført en ny læreplan for den norske grunnskolen. Læreplanen i hvert fag innledes med en beskrivelse av fagets relevans for den enkelte elev, samfunn- og arbeidsliv. I beskrivelsen av relevansen ved grunnskolefaget Kunst og håndverk forpliktes lærerne til å etablere samarbeid med lokalt kultur- og næringsliv for å knytte elevenes skapende arbeid til aktuelle problemstillinger. Kravet om samarbeid spiller opp mot et sentralt prinsipp innen entreprenøriell didaktikk: det å koble elevenes aktiviteter til livet og samfunnet utenfor skolen. I denne artikkelen forfølges virkelighetsnære oppdrag som strategi for læring gjennom en analyse av de 41 kompetansemålene for grunnskolefaget Kunst og håndverk. Analysen følger de fire fasene i metoden systematisk tekstkondensering: helhetsinntrykk, meningsbærende enheter, kondensering, sammenfatning. Fundamentet for virkelighetsnære oppdrag finner vi i 12 av kompetansemålene – de berører samfunnsaktuelle problemstillinger. De andre kompetansemålene gir elevene fagspesifikke verktøy for å arbeide med virkelighetsnære oppdrag. De virkelighetsnære oppdragene kan i tråd med retningen ”gjennom” entreprenørskap posisjoneres som verktøy for å utvikle kompetanse innen fag. Samtidig kan koblingen mellom fagspesifikt innhold og virkelighetsnære oppdrag gjøre at elevene får øye på verdien i faget for samfunnet og for deres egne liv. I analysens siste fase skisserer vi virkelighetsnære oppdrag for ulike trinn for å konkretisere handlingsrommet i kompetansemålene for aktører i fagfeltet.
Keywords: Entreprenøriell didaktikk, virkelighetsnære oppdrag, grunnskolefaget Kunst og håndverk, samfunnsaktuelle problemstillinger, læreplananalyse.
Evaluating the Potentials of Banana and Plantain Peels for Biofuel Production in Nigeria
Authors: Jumare F. I. , Magashi A. M. , Rabah A. B. , Sokoto A. M. , Ibrahim A. D. , Usman M. H.
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to assess the potentials of banana and plantain peel as feedstock for biofuel production. The proximate and mineral composition of banana and plantain peel were determined using the AOAC method. Bacteria were isolated from dried banana and plantain peel using the standard microbiological method. The proximate composition of the two biomass showed a high concentration of carbohydrate content at 68.12 and 68.30% for banana and plantain peels. While a high amount of sodium (Na) at 119.17 and 106.67 mg/kg from banana and plantain peels. Three (3) bacterial genera were isolated namely Bacillus circulans, Bacillus brevis and Bacillus pumilu. This study showed the potential of banana and plantain peels biomass for the production of fermentable sugar which can be further fermented to biofuel.
Associations of Bilateral Vestibulopathy With Cognition in Older Adults Matched With Healthy Controls for Hearing Status
Authors: Bosmans Joyce , Gommeren Hanne , Mertens Griet , Cras Patrick , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Van Ombergen Angelique , Vereeck Luc , Gilles Annick , Van Rompaey Vincent
Published: June 2022

Importance

Recent literature suggests there may be a significant effect of the vestibular system on cognition and visuospatial processing. Given the increasing prevalence of dementia and individuals at risk for it, exploring possible modifiable risk factors, including vestibular dysfunction, is vital.

Objectives

To explore the association of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) with cognitive function in older adults, taking hearing status into account, and to explore multiple vestibular characteristics and their potential associations with cognition in patients with BV.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study assessed older adults (age 55-84 years) with diagnosed BV from a single center using baseline measurements from the Gehoor, Evenwicht en Cognitie (GECKO) study, an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study. Each participant was individually matched with a healthy control based on age, sex, and hearing performance. Data were analyzed in January 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure was cognition, measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for Hearing-Impaired Individuals (RBANS-H).

Results

A total of 68 patients were assessed, including 34 patients with BV (mean [SD] age, 63.3 [6.0] years; 18 [53%] men) matched with 34 control individuals without BV. Overall, participants with BV had a clinically meaningful lower score on the RBANS-H total scale compared with those without BV (mean [SD] score, 98.62 [12.70] vs 105.91 [11.03]). This decline was most pronounced in the subdomains of immediate memory (mean [SD] score, 107.74 [10.66] vs 112.26 [10.66]), visuospatial cognition (mean [SD] score, 90.06 [13.34] vs 100.47 [13.91]), and attention (mean [SD] score, 94.79 [16.39] vs 102.06 [12.97]). There were no differences in language or delayed memory subdomains. Within the BV population, 1 vestibular parameter (the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, in particular the balance subscale) was associated with lower cognitive scores (r32 = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.72; η2 = 0.26). Other vestibular parameters, including measurements of the peripheral vestibular end organ and questionnaires, showed no association.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest there was an association between vestibular loss and cognitive impairment. Further research on the causal mechanisms underlying this association and the possible impact of vestibular rehabilitation on cognition is needed.
Pitfalls to avoid in nonlinear perturbation analysis of structured population models
Authors: McElderry Robert M. , Gaoue Orou G.
Published: June 2022

Despite the ubiquity of nonlinear functional relationships in nature we tend to characterize mechanisms in science using more tractable linear functions. In demographic modeling, transfer function analysis is used to calculate the nonlinear response of population growth rate to a theoretical perturbation of one or more matrix elements. This elegant approach is not yet popular in ecology. Inconveniently, using transfer function without care can produce erroneous results without warning. We used a large matrix projection model database to explore the potential pitfalls to be avoided in using transfer function analysis. We asked a fundamental population control question, what matrix element perturbation would be needed to reach a minimum goal of replacement population growth? We then tracked instances in which transfer function yields erroneous output and explored these cases in detail to measure how frequently it occurs. We developed a phylogenetically‐corrected mixed effects logistic regression model in a Bayesian framework to test the effect of species traits and the identity of matrix elements on the probability that transfer function yields errors. We found in 16% of cases the transfer function yielded erroneous outcomes. These errors were more likely when perturbing demographic stasis and also for shrubs more than any other life form. Errors in transfer function analysis were often due to perturbing matrix elements beyond their biological limits, even when this is still mathematically correct. To use transfer function analysis properly in demographic modeling and avoid erroneous results, input must be carefully selected to include only a biologically admissible set of perturbations.
Advances in Carbon Materials for Sodium and Potassium Storage
Authors: Liu Mingquan , Wang Yahui , Wu Feng , Bai Ying , Li Ying , Gong Yuteng , Feng Xin , Li Yu , Wang Xinran , Wu Chuan
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades, ground‐breaking techniques and transformative progress have been achieved on exploring alternative battery candidates beyond lithium‐ion batteries, among which sodium‐/potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) are receiving rapidly increased attention. Great efforts have been devoted to developing verified anode materials. Carbon materials take the leading position because of their abundance, low‐cost, environmental friendless, and commercial potential. While it is easy to understand which specific carbon material exhibits outstanding performance, the understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanisms, the structure–performance relation, and the interfacial properties of carbon anodes are rather difficult. It is urgently required to comprehensively summarize and further compare these fundamental issues, but it is still insufficient. This review concentrates on recent progress of carbon materials for SIBs and PIBs, and at the beginning summarizes the fabrication and characterization of different carbon allotropes, then fundamentally compares the ion storage mechanisms and interfacial chemistries. Furthermore, the relationship between the mechanism‐oriented and interface‐correlated performance and material optimization strategies is established. Finally, critical challenges and future developments of carbon anodes for the practical realization of SIBs/PIBs are proposed. This review gives a comprehensive summary and perspective from mechanisms to material design, offering a reliable guidance of carbon materials for SIBs and PIBs.
A Review of Artificial Spiking Neuron Devices for Neural Processing and Sensing
Authors: Han Joon‐Kyu , Yun Seong‐Yun , Lee Sang‐Won , Yu Ji‐Man , Choi Yang‐Kyu
Published: June 2022

A spiking neural network (SNN) inspired by the structure and principles of the human brain can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of artificial intelligence computing by overcoming the bottlenecks of the conventional von Neumann architecture with its massive parallelism and spike transmissions. The construction of artificial neurons is important for the hardware implementation of an SNN, which generates spike signals when enough synaptic signals are gathered. Because circuit‐level artificial neurons with comparator and reset circuits require considerable hardware area, intensive efforts are devoted in recent years for building artificial neurons at the device level for better area efficiency. Furthermore, artificial sensory neuron devices, which perform neural processing and sensing concurrently, have recently been developed in order to reduce the hardware cost and energy consumption of traditional sensory systems through in‐sensor computing. This review article surveys and benchmarks the recent progress of artificial neuron devices for neural processing and sensing. First, various artificial neuron devices are summarized, including single‐transistor neurons (1T‐neurons), memristor neurons, phase‐change neurons, magnetic neurons, and ferroelectric neurons. Next, cointegration technologies with artificial synaptic devices and artificial sensory neurons for in‐sensor computing are introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects for developing artificial neuron devices are discussed.
A Single‐Dot Perovskite Spectrometer
Authors: Guo Linqi , Sun Haoxuan , Wang Min , Wang Meng , Min Liangliang , Cao Fengren , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: June 2022

There are significant applications for miniature on‐chip spectrometers in many fields. However, at present, on‐chip spectrometers have to utilize an integrated strategy to achieve spectral analysis, which undoubtedly squanders the photosensitive area and adds pressure to the miniaturization of the spectrometer. Here, a unique spectrometer design that adopts a single detection point with in situ modulation realized by the photogain control at various bias voltages is demonstrated. With micrometer‐level footprints, this single‐dot spectrometer processes a resolution of about 5 nm and a response time down to about 197 µs. This is the first in situ perovskite modulation strategy that breaks the footprint‐resolution restriction of spectrum analysis and demonstrates a new design direction for functional perovskite devices.
Microscopic Softening Mechanisms of an Ionic Liquid Additive in an Electrically Conductive Carbon‐Silicone Composite
Authors: Zhang Long , Schmidt Dominik S. , González‐García Lola , Kraus Tobias
Published: June 2022

The microstructural changes caused by the addition of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer composites filled with carbon black (CB) are analyzed to explain the electrical, mechanical, rheological, and optical properties of IL‐containing precursors and composites. Swelling experiments and optical analysis indicate a limited solubility of the IL in the PDMS matrix that reduces the cross‐linking density of PDMS both globally and locally, which reduces the Young's moduli of the composites. A rheological analysis of the precursor mixture shows that the IL reduces the strength of carbon–carbon and carbon–PDMS interactions, thus lowering the filler–matrix coupling and increasing the elongation at break. Electromechanical testing reveals a combination of reversible and irreversible piezoresistive responses that is consistent with the presence of IL at microscopic carbon–carbon interfaces, where it enables re‐established electrical connections after stress release but reduces the absolute conductivity.
What does the NRTL model look like? Determination of boundaries for different fluid phase equilibrium regions
Authors: Labarta Juan A. , Olaya María M. , Marcilla Antonio F.
Published: June 2022

The adequate correlation of experimental phase equilibrium data by using any thermodynamic model represents a key point for the rigorous design of the chemical processes. However, this data correlation process remains a challenging problem, due to the high nonlinearity of the models used and the consequent problems of convergence. The present work analyzes the nonrandom two‐liquids mode (NRTL) model to check the relation between the values of the binary interaction parameters and the corresponding phase equilibria that the NRTL model can or cannot reproduce. Additionally, in the case of the LLE, empirical equations have been established as a function of the nonrandomness parameter, to model the trajectory of the different miscibility boundaries observed. These functions can be used as constraints in the experimental data correlation procedure to reduce the search space and guarantee the consistency of the obtained binary interaction parameters with the experimental behavior of the system under study.
Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution mask species relationships in Brunelliaceae, an Andean family with rapid, recent diversification
Authors: Murillo‐A. José , Valencia‐D. Janice , Orozco Clara I. , Parra‐O. Carlos , Neubig Kurt M.
Published: June 2022

Premise

To date, phylogenetic relationships within the monogeneric Brunelliaceae have been based on morphological evidence, which does not provide sufficient phylogenetic resolution. Here we use target‐enriched nuclear data to improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the family.

Methods

We used the Angiosperms353 toolkit for targeted recovery of exonic regions and supercontigs (exons + introns) from low copy nuclear genes from 53 of 70 species in Brunellia, and several outgroup taxa. We removed loci that indicated biased inference of relationships and applied concatenated and coalescent methods to infer Brunellia phylogeny. We identified conflicts among gene trees that may reflect hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting events and assessed their impact on phylogenetic inference. Finally, we performed ancestral‐state reconstructions of morphological traits and assessed the homology of character states used to define sections and subsections in Brunellia.

Results

Brunellia comprises two major clades and several subclades. Most of these clades/subclades do not correspond to previous infrageneric taxa. There is high topological incongruence among the subclades across analyses.

Conclusions

Phylogenetic reconstructions point to rapid species diversification in Brunelliaceae, reflected in very short branches between successive species splits. The removal of putatively biased loci slightly improves phylogenetic support for individual clades. Reticulate evolution due to hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting likely both contribute to gene‐tree discordance. Morphological characters used to define taxa in current classification schemes are homoplastic in the ancestral character‐state reconstructions. While target enrichment data allows us to broaden our understanding of diversification in Brunellia, the relationships among subclades remain incompletely understood.