bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression: Determinants That Influence the Mental Health of Older People (60 Years +) in Botswana
Authors: Motsamai Tiro Bright , Mhaka-Mutepfa Magen
Published: February 2022

Correlates of depression in older people were explored in this study. The prevalence of depression was also calculated. Data were collected using a cross-sectional study stratified by district in urban and rural Botswana using the Patient Health Questionnaire. A snowballing technique was utilized to recruit older participants ( N = 378; age = 71.8; SD = 9.1) with low to high incomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the associations among demographics, individual, social, and environmental factors, and depression. The prevalence of depression and social impairment in older people was 7.8% and 20.6%. The correlates significantly associated with depression in Model 2 were education, income earned, resilience, and self-esteem (F (6, 358) = 19.5, p < .001; R2 = 23%) after adjusting for all influencing factors. Self-perceived health was associated with depression in Model 3 [F (11,340) = 12.5, p < .001; R2 = 28%]. In the final model, resilience, quality of life (QOL), and leisure were significantly associated with depression ( p < .001), followed by anxiety, somatic symptoms, and social impairment ( p < .05) [F (20,214) = 9.2, p < .001; R2 = 46%]. Findings provide preliminary information on the determinants of depression for further review by the research community. Stakeholders should also take cognizance of these correlates during their practice to curb depression in older people.
Curriculum Development by Design Thinking: Analyzing a Program for Social Determinants of Health Screening by Pre-Clerkship Medical Students
Authors: Fish Ari M. , Fields J. Matthew , Ziring Deborah , McCoy Gina , Ostroff Paula , Hayden Geoffrey
Published: February 2022

Problem

Health systems science (HSS) curricula in medical schools facilitate an understanding of social determinants of health (SDOH) and their impact on health outcomes. After implementation of an experiential, patient-centered program based around SDOH screening, however, our medical college noted poor student receptivity and engagement. In order to improve the program, we chose a design thinking approach based on the perceived value of actively engaging learners in the design of education. The role of design thinking in curricular quality improvement, however, remains unclear.

Intervention

We sought to determine if a current educational model for SDOH screening could be improved by reforming the curriculum using a design thinking workshop involving student and faculty stakeholders.

Context

The current study is a retrospective analysis of first-year medical student, end-of-year evaluations of the Clinical Experience (CE) program at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College before (2018-19) and after (2019-20) implementation of the design thinking workshop and subsequent curriculum changes.

Impact

Overall positive results significantly increased across all survey questions after the curricular intervention (p < 0.01), indicating increased student satisfaction with the revised curriculum.

Lessons Learned

Few studies assess outcomes of design thinking-driven curricular changes. The current study of an SDOH screening program details the implementation of initiatives that originated from a design thinking sprint and assesses program evaluations following these curricular changes. Most of the well-received curricular changes concerned improvements in student training, patient screening and follow-up, and the leveraging of existing technology. The study reinforces the importance of co-creation among stakeholders when redesigning medical curricula.
Systemic administration of c-Kit+ cells diminished pulmonary and vascular inflammation in rat model of chronic asthma
Authors: Taghizadeh Sajjad , Keyhanmanesh Rana , Rahbarghazi Reza , Rezaie Jafar , Delkhosh Aref , Hassanpour Mehdi , Heiran Hossein , Ghaffari-Nasab Arshad , Ahmadi Mahdi
Published: February 2022

Background

To circumvent some pitfalls related to acute status, chronic model of asthma is conceived to be more suitable approach to guarantee the conditions which are similar to human pulmonary disease. Here, possible therapeutic mechanisms were monitored by which c-kit+bone marrow cells can attenuate vascular inflammation in rat model of chronic asthma.

Results

Data revealed c-Kit+cells could significantly reduce pathological injures in asthmatic rats via modulating the expression ofIL-4, INF-γ,ICAM-1 andVCAM-1in lung tissues and TNF-α, IL-1β and NO levels in BALF (p < 0.001 top < 0.05). Besides, c-Kit+cells reduced increased levels of VCAM-1 evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. In contrast to c-Kit+cells, c-Kit−cells could not exert beneficial effects in the asthmatic conditions.

Conclusion

Overall, we found that systemic administration of C-kit positive cells can diminish pulmonary and vascular inflammation of chronic asthmatic changes in a rat model. These cells are eligible to suppress inflammation and nitrosative stress in lung tissue coincides with the reduction of pathological changes. These data indicate that C-kit positive cells be used as an alternative cell source for the amelioration of asthmatic changes.
Dialysis attendance patterns and health care utilisation of Aboriginal patients attending dialysis services in urban, rural and remote locations
Authors: Gorham Gillian , Howard Kirsten , Cunningham Joan , Lawton Paul Damian , Ahmed A. M. Shamsir , Barzi Federica , Cass Alan
Published: February 2022

Background

Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory (NT) suffer the heaviest burden of kidney failure in Australia with most living in remote areas at time of dialysis commencement. As there are few dialysis services in remote areas, many Aboriginal people are required to relocate often permanently, to access treatment. Missing dialysis treatments is not uncommon amongst Aboriginal patients but the relationship between location of dialysis service and dialysis attendance (and subsequent hospital use) has not been explored to date.

Aim

To examine the relationships between location of dialysis service, dialysis attendance patterns and downstream health service use (overnight hospital admissions, emergency department presentations) among Aboriginal patients in the NT.

Methods

Using linked hospital and dialysis registry datasets we analysed health service activity for 896 Aboriginal maintenance dialysis patients in the NT between 2008 and 2014. Multivariate linear regression and negative binomial regression analyses explored the associations between dialysis location, dialysis attendance and health service use.

Results

We found missing two or more dialysis treatments per month was more likely for Aboriginal people attending urban services and this was associated with a two-fold increase in the rate of hospital admissions and more than three-fold increase in ED presentations. However, we found higher dialysis attendance and lower health service utilisation for those receiving care in rural and remote settings. When adjusted for age, time on dialysis, region, comorbidities and residence pre-treatment, among Aboriginal people from remote areas, those dialysing in remote areas had lower rates of hospitalisations (IRR 0.56;P < 0.001) when compared to those who relocated and dialysed in urban areas.

Conclusion

There is a clear relationship between the provision and uptake of dialysis services in urban, rural and remote areas in the NT and subsequent broader health service utilisation. Our study suggests that the low dialysis attendance associated with relocation and care in urban models for Aboriginal people can potentially be ameliorated by access to rural and remote models and this warrants a rethinking of service delivery policy. If providers are to deliver effective and equitable services, the full range of intendedand unintendedconsequences of a dialysis location should be incorporated into planning decisions.
Lung failure after polytrauma with concomitant thoracic trauma in the elderly: an analysis from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Vollrath Jan Tilmann , Schindler Cora Rebecca , Marzi Ingo , Lefering Rolf , Störmann Philipp ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: February 2022

Background

In developed countries worldwide, the number of older patients is increasing. Pulmonary complications are common in multiple injured patients with chest injuries. We assessed whether geriatric patients develop lung failure following multiple trauma with concomitant thoracic trauma more often than younger patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of severely injured patients with concomitant blunt thoracic trauma registered in the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) between 2009 and 2018 was performed. Patients were categorized into four age groups: 55–64 y, 65–74 y, 75–84 y, and ≥ 85 y. Adult patients aged 18–54 years served as a reference group. Lung failure was defined as PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg, if mechanical ventilation was performed.

Results

A total of 43,289 patients were included, of whom 9238 (21.3%) developed lung failure during their clinical stay. The rate of posttraumatic lung failure was seen to increase with age. While lung failure markedly increased the length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay independent of the patient’s age, differences between younger and older patients with lung failure in regard to these parameters were clinically comparable. In addition, the development of respiratory failure showed a distinct increase in mortality with higher age, from 16.9% (18–54 y) to 67.2% (≥ 85 y).

Conclusion

Development of lung failure in severely injured patients with thoracic trauma markedly increases hospital length of stay, length of ICU stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation in patients, regardless of age. The development of respiratory failure appears to be related to the severity of the chest trauma rather than to increasing patient age. However, the greatest effects of lung failure, particularly in terms of mortality, were observed in the oldest patients.
Increased Drp1 promotes autophagy and ESCC progression by mtDNA stress mediated cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Li Yujia , Chen Hui , Yang Qi , Wan Lixin , Zhao Jing , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Yating , Niu Menglan , Liu Hongliang , Liu Junqi , Yang Hushan , Wan Shaogui , Wang Yanming , Bao Dengke
Published: February 2022

Background

Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is important for cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and immune responses. The critical GTPase for mitochondrial fission, Drp1 is frequently upregulated in many cancers and is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism underling Drp1 to influence tumor progression is largely unknown, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine Drp1 and LC3B expression in tissues of ESCC patients. Autophagic vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescent LC3B puncta and mitochondrial nucleoid were observed by fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and ATP levels. Xenograft tumor model was performed in BALB/c nude mice to analyze the role of Drp1 on ESCC progression.

Results

We found that Drp1 high expression is correlated with poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Drp1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and xenograft ESCC tumor growth by triggering autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Drp1 overexpression disturbs mitochondrial function and subsequent induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released into the cytosol thereby inducing cytosolic mtDNA stress. Mechanistically, cytosolic mtDNA activates the cGAS-STING pathway and facilitates autophagy, which promotes ESCC cancer growth. Moreover, mtDNA digestion with DNase I and autophagy inhibition with chloroquine attenuates the cGAS-STING pathway activation and ESCC cancer growth.

Conclusions

Our finding reveals that Drp1 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic mtDNA stress, which subsequently activates the cGAS-STING pathway, triggers autophagy and promotes ESCC progression.
Fish otoliths from the middle Miocene Pebas Formation of the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Schwarzhans Werner W. , Aguilera Orangel A. , Scheyer Torsten M. , Carrillo-Briceño Jorge D.
Published: February 2022

A small assemblage of 22 otoliths was identified from the historical collection of Bluntschli and Peyer gathered in 1912 on the Itaya riverbank at Iquitos, Peru (Amazonia), from the Pebas Formation. The Pebas Mega-Wetland System in western Amazonia during the Miocene represented a unique, albeit short-lived, biotope characterized by a pronounced endemic evolution with gigantism in some vertebrate groups (e.g., turtles, crocodylians). Thus far, fishes have mainly been recorded based on isolated skeletal remains and teeth. Here, we describe the first well-preserved otolith assemblage from the Pebas Formation. This otolith assemblage adds a new facet to the fauna by complementing the skeletal bony fish data, primarily with species of the Sciaenidae and, to a lesser extent, Ariidae and Cichlidae. The sciaenids and ariids indicate that migration must have occurred between the marginal marine environments to the north and the Pebas Wetland System. The otoliths also indicate the likelihood of endemic developments of adapted marine immigrants to the Pebas Wetland System, some of which have become extinct (Pogonias, Umbrina), while others now represent typical South American freshwater fish groups (Plagioscion). Six new species are described based on otoliths, one in the Cichlidae—Cichlasoma bluntschlii n. sp., one in the Ariidae—Cantarius ohei n. sp., and four in the Sciaenidae—Pebasciaena amazoniensis n. gen. et n. sp., Plagioscion peyeri n. sp., Pogonias tetragonus n. sp. and Umbrina pachaula n. sp.

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D05A3AA4-8F8E-4510-A07E-816C75790163. https://zoobank.org/4FE4BC4E-0EFC-4A32-A40F-CF561B98375F.
Long-term effect of epigenetic modification in plant–microbe interactions: modification of DNA methylation induced by plant growth-promoting bacteria mediates promotion process
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Miao , Zhu Jingzhi , Tang Yongwei , Zhang Hanchao , Zhao Qiming , Jing Minyu , Chen Yahua , Xu Xihui , Jiang Jiandong , Shen Zhenguo
Published: February 2022

Background

Soil microbiomes are considered a cornerstone of the next green revolution, and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are critical for microbiome engineering. However, taking plant-beneficial microorganisms from discovery to agricultural application remains challenging, as the mechanisms underlying the interactions between beneficial strains and plants in native soils are still largely unknown. Increasing numbers of studies have indicated that strains introduced to manipulate microbiomes are usually eliminated in soils, while others have reported that application of PGPB as inocula significantly improves plant growth. This contradiction suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying microbe-induced growth promotion.

Results

We showed PGPB-induced long-term plant growth promotion after elimination of the PGPB inoculum in soils and explored the three-way interactions among the exogenous inoculum, indigenous microbiome, and plant, which were key elements of the plant growth-promoting process. We found the rhizosphere microbiome assembly was mainly driven by plant development and root recruitments greatly attenuated the influence of inocula on the rhizosphere microbiome. Neither changes in the rhizosphere microbiome nor colonization of inocula in roots was necessary for plant growth promotion. In roots, modification of DNA methylation in response to inoculation affects gene expression related to PGPB-induced growth promotion, and disruptions of the inoculation-induced DNA methylation patterns greatly weakened the plant growth promotion. Together, our results showed PGPB-induced DNA methylation modifications in roots mediated the promotion process and these modifications remained functional after elimination of the inoculum from the microbiome.

Conclusion

This study suggests a new mechanism in which PGPB affect DNA methylation in roots to promote plant growth, which provides important insights into microbiome–plant interactions and offers new strategies for plant microbiome engineering beyond the perspective of maintaining inoculum persistence in soils.

Graphical abstract
Medulloblastoma cerebrospinal fluid reveals metabolites and lipids indicative of hypoxia and cancer-specific RNAs
Authors: Lee Bongyong , Mahmud Iqbal , Pokhrel Rudramani , Murad Rabi , Yuan Menglang , Stapleton Stacie , Bettegowda Chetan , Jallo George , Eberhart Charles G. , Garrett Timothy , Perera Ranjan J.
Published: February 2022

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. There remains an unmet need for diagnostics to sensitively detect the disease, particularly recurrences. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a window into the central nervous system, and liquid biopsy of CSF could provide a relatively non-invasive means for disease diagnosis. There has yet to be an integrated analysis of the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic changes occurring in the CSF of children with MB. CSF samples from patients with (n = 40) or without (n = 11; no cancer) MB were subjected to RNA-sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify RNA, metabolite, and lipid profiles. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids were identified and their biological significance assessed by pathway analysis. The DIABLO multivariate analysis package (R package mixOmics) was used to integrate the molecular changes characterizing the CSF of MB patients. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids in CSF were discriminatory for the presence of MB but not the exact molecular subtype. One hundred and ten genes and ten circular RNAs were differentially expressed in MB CSF compared with normal, representing TGF-β signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-kB, and adipogenesis pathways. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolites (malate, fumarate, succinate, α-ketoglutarate, hydroxypyruvate, N-acetyl-aspartate) and total triacylglycerols were significantly upregulated in MB CSF compared with normal CSF. Although separating MBs into subgroups using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipid signatures in CSF was challenging, we were able to identify a group of omics signatures that could separate cancer from normal CSF. Metabolic and lipidomic profiles both contained indicators of tumor hypoxia. Our approach provides several candidate signatures that deserve further validation, including the novel circular RNA circ_463, and insights into the impact of MB on the CSF microenvironment.
Ischemic stroke causes Parkinson’s disease-like pathology and symptoms in transgenic mice overexpressing alpha-synuclein
Authors: Lohmann Stephanie , Grigoletto Jessica , Bernis Maria Eugenia , Pesch Verena , Ma Liang , Reithofer Sara , Tamgüney Gültekin
Published: February 2022

The etiology of Parkinson’s disease is poorly understood and is most commonly associated with advancing age, genetic predisposition, or environmental toxins. Epidemiological findings suggest that patients have a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s disease after ischemic stroke, but this potential causality lacks mechanistic evidence. We investigated the long-term effects of ischemic stroke on pathogenesis in hemizygous TgM83 mice, which express human α-synuclein with the familial A53T mutation without developing any neuropathology or signs of neurologic disease for more than 600 days. We induced transient focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion in 2-month-old TgM83+/− mice and monitored their behavior and health status for up to 360 days post surgery. Groups of mice were sacrificed at 14, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after surgery for neuropathological analysis of their brains. Motor deficits first appeared 6 months after focal ischemia and worsened until 12 months afterward. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ischemia-induced neuronal loss in the infarct region and astrogliosis and microgliosis indicative of an inflammatory response, which was most pronounced at 14 days post surgery. Infarct volume and inflammation gradually decreased in size and severity until 180 days post surgery. Surprisingly, neuronal loss and inflammation were increased again by 360 days post surgery. These changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in α-synuclein aggregation, its neuronal deposition, and a late loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which we detected at 360 days post surgery. Control animals that underwent sham surgery without middle cerebral artery occlusion showed no signs of disease or neuropathology. Our results establish a mechanistic link between ischemic stroke and Parkinson’s disease and provide an animal model for studying possible interventions.
Mutational spectrum of syndromic genes in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Mingqi , Zhao Sen , Xie Zhixin , Zhang Yisen , Liu Jian , Zhang Ying , Yang Xinjian , Wu Nan
Published: February 2022

Background

Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are abnormal vessels that are apt to rupture, causing life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The estimated prevalence of BAVMs is 0.05% among otherwise healthy individuals. In this study, we aim to investigate the mutational spectrum of syndromic genes in sporadic BAVM.

Methods

We recruited a cohort of 150 patients with BAVM and performed whole-exome sequencing on their peripheral blood DNA. To explore the mutational spectrum of syndromic genes in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation, we selected six genes according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and literature. All variants in the six candidate genes were extracted and underwent filtering for qualifying variants.

Results

There are a total of four patients with rare variants in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-related genes. In addition, we identified two patients have the variant of RASA1 gene in our database, which are also rare mutations that are absent from population databases. However, we did not find any patients with GNAQ mutations in our database.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we demonstrated that variants in syndromic vascular malformations play important roles in the etiology of sporadic BAVM.
Validity of 1% Hormonal Receptor Positivity Cutoff by the ASCO/College of American Pathologists Guidelines at the Georgia Cancer Center
Authors: Kreidieh Firas , Sadek Ramses F. , Zhang Li Fang , Gopal Aaron , Blaize Jean-Pierre , Yashar David , Patel Reena , Patel Hiral S. , Tang Shou-Ching , Abdul Sater Houssein
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

Treatment of breast cancer (BC) with borderline or low (1%-9%) estrogen and progesterone expression remains controversial, with recent data disputing ASCO/College of American Pathologists 2010 guidelines that lowered the threshold of receptor positivity from 10% to 1%. The objective of this retrospective study was to validate these guidelines at the Georgia Cancer Center with a high percentage of Black race.

METHODS

All female patients with invasive BC diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 at the Georgia Cancer Center were chart reviewed up to an 11-year follow-up with data cutoff at 2016. We used Cox regression to explore survival among three hormonal status (HS) groups (< 1%, 1%-9%, and ≥ 10%) adjusting for all known BC clinicopathologic variables. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate response to endocrine therapy (ET).

RESULTS

Among 431 patients with mean age 59 years, 24.75% had HS < 1%, 17.5% HS 1%-9%, and 57.75% HS ≥ 10%. Race was 43.75% Black and 54% White. Disease stages were early (I-IIIA) in 84.4% and advanced (IIIB-IV) in 15.56%. Mortality in HS < 1% was significantly higher than that in HS ≥ 10% (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.02), whereas no significant mortality difference between HS 1%-9% and HS ≥ 10% (HR: 1.05; 95% CI, 0.48 to 2.30) was observed. ET was protective, and treated patients had higher predicted survival than untreated patients in the 1%-9% group (HR: 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.85). There was no significant mortality difference between ET-treated HS 1%-9% and ≥ 10% groups.

CONCLUSION

One percent cutoff predicted superior survival on treatment with ET compared with the other groups, and HS as low as 1%-9% was equiprognostic to HS ≥ 10%. Whether other factors such as lymphovascular invasion, grade, and other parameters change the behavior of the 1%-9% HS group remains to be explored.
Facilitated Health Coaching Improves Activity Level and Chronic Low back Pain Symptoms
Authors: Ellingson Laura D. , Lansing Jeni E. , Perez Maria L. , DeShaw Kathryn J. , Meyer Jacob D. , Welk Gregory J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Behavioral treatments, like increasing physical activity (PA), are recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Finding methods for promoting behavior change with potential for translatability as well as effective behavioral targets remains challenging.

Purpose

This randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose facilitated health coaching with activity monitors to improve PA and sedentary behaviors (SB), symptoms, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) in CLBP. A secondary purpose was identifying behaviors associated with symptom change to inform future trials.

Methods

Seventy-one adults with CLBP were randomized to receive a wearable activity monitor alone (WAM) or with one primary session of health coaching and two check-ins based on motivational interviewing (WAM + HC) or a wait-list control (WLC) condition for 12 wk. Moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), total and prolonged SB (i.e., sedentary >60 min per bout), and pain (Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)) were assessed before and after intervention along with PGIC. Regression analyses examined group differences in MVPA, LPA, total and prolonged SB, MPQ, and PGIC after intervention as well as behavioral predictors of symptom improvement (change in MPQ).

Results

WAM + HC improved MPQ scores (β = −0.25, P = 0.02), LPA (β = 0.23, P = 0.04), MVPA (β = 0.21, P = 0.03), and total SB (β = −0.24, P = 0.03) compared with WLC over time. Both WAM + HC and WAM had significantly higher PGIC compared with WLC (P < 0.05). Change in prolonged SB was the only significant predictor of change in MPQ (β = 0.48, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

WAM + HC may be effective for changing activity-related behaviors and improving CLBP. Furthermore, reducing prolonged SB may be a meaningful target for future interventions in CLBP. Research focused on reducing prolonged SB including larger samples, and examining changes in symptoms will be important for identifying optimal translational treatment strategies for CLBP.
Διερεύνηση των μεταβολών της αιμόστασης στα νεογνά με σύνδρομο αναπνευστικής δυσχέρειας με τη χρήση της θρομβοελαστομετρίας (ΤΕΜ)
Authors: Κατσάρας Γεώργιος
Published: February 2022

Εισαγωγή: Εκτός από την ενεργοποίηση του καταρράκτη της φλεγμονής, το σύνδρομο αναπνευστικής δυσχέρειας (ΣΑΔ) αποτελεί πιθανό ενεργοποιητή του μηχανισμού της πήξης. Παρόλο που το ΣΑΔ έχει βρεθεί ότι ενεργοποιεί την ενδοαγγειακή πήξη και προκαλεί διαταραχές στην ινωδόλυση, λίγες μελέτες έχουν ερευνήσει αυτό το ζήτημα. Επιπλέον, τα αυξημένα επίπεδα θρομβίνης/ αντιθρομβίνης III (TAT) και η μειωμένη δραστηριότητα αντιθρομβίνης III (ΑΤ) που παρατηρούνται σε νεογνά με ΣΑΔ έχουν συσχετιστεί με τη σοβαρότητα της νόσου. Αντίθετα, μια πιο πρόσφατη μελέτη έδειξε ότι το AT δεν επηρεάστηκε από το ΣΑΔ. Αυτό μπορεί να οφείλεται στο γεγονός ότι η θεραπεία με επιφανειοδραστικό παράγοντα, από την έναρξή της, μείωσε τη συχνότητα και τη σοβαρότητα της νόσου και άλλαξε την πορεία της μετά τη δεκαετία του '80. Επί του παρόντος, η εμφάνιση του "αλεσμένου γυαλιού" με αεροβρογχόγραμμα και υπο-αερισμό στην ακτινογραφία θώρακος σπάνια παρατηρείται. Παρά την αλλαγή της νόσου τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, το ΣΑΔ εξακολουθεί να αξίζει να διερευνηθεί ως πιθανός μεταγεννητικός παράγοντας κινδύνου για αιμορραγικά και θρομβοεμβολικά επεισόδιαΣκοπός: Σκοπός μας ήταν να αξιολογήσουμε το αιμοστατικό προφίλ των νεογνών με ΣΑΔ χρησιμοποιώντας την περιστροφική θρομβοελαστομετρία (ROTEM).Μέθοδοι και Υλικά: Διενεργήσαμε μια μελέτη παρατήρησης από τον Νοέμβριο του 2018 έως τον Νοέμβριο του 2020 στη ΜΕΝΝ του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Νίκαιας «Άγιος Παντελεήμων». Συμπεριλήφθηκαν πρόωρα και τελειόμηνα νεογνά με ΣΑΔ που νοσηλεύτηκαν στη ΜΕΝΝ και πραγματοποιήθηκαν δοκιμασίες EXTEM (εξωγενής οδός που ενεργοποιείται από ιστικό παράγοντα), INTEM (ενδογενής οδός που ενεργοποιείται με ελλαγικό οξύ) και FIBTEM (με αναστολέα αιμοπεταλίων κυτοχαλασίνη D).Αποτελέσματα: Ένα υποπηκτικό προφίλ σημειώθηκε σε νεογνά με ΣΑΔ σε σύγκριση με τις ομάδες ελέγχου, εκφραζόμενο ως σημαντική παράταση του EXTEM CT (χρόνος πήξης) και CFT (χρόνος σχηματισμού θρόμβου), καθώς και χαμηλότερα EXTEM A10 (εύρος στα 10 λεπτά), MCF (μέγιστη σταθερότητα θρόμβου), και LI60 (δείκτης λύσης στα 60’). Επιπλέον, η παράταση του INTEM CFT και FIBTEM CT και η μείωση των INTEM και FIBTEM A10 και MCF βρέθηκαν σε νεογνά με RDS. Η πολυπαραγοντική λογιστική παλινδρόμηση έδειξε ότι το ΣΑΔ είναι ένας ανεξάρτητος παράγοντας για τις αναβρεθείσες μεταβολές στις μεταβλητές της ROTEM.Συμπεράσματα: Το ΣΑΔ σχετίζεται με υποπηκτικό προφίλ και υπερ-ινωδολυτική δυναμική σε σύγκριση με υγιή νεογνά. Μεγαλύτερες μελέτες είναι απαραίτητες για τον προσδιορισμό του ρόλου της ROTEM στη διάγνωση και τη διαχείριση των διαταραχών πήξης σε νεογνά με ΣΑΔ.
The Neuroimaging Data Model Linear Regression Tool (nidm_linreg): PyNIDM Project
Authors: Kumar Ashmita , Crowley Albert , Queder Nazek , Poline JB , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Kennedy David , Grethe Jeffrey S. , Helmer Karl G. , Keator David B.
Published: February 2022

The Neuroimaging Data Model (NIDM) is a series of specifications for describing all aspects of the neuroimaging data lifecycle from raw data to analyses and provenance. NIDM uses community-driven terminologies along with unambiguous data dictionaries within a Resource Description Framework (RDF) document to describe data and metadata for integration and query. Data from different studies, using locally defined variable names, can be retrieved by linking them to higher-order concepts from established ontologies and terminologies. Through these capabilities, NIDM documents are expected to improve reproducibility and facilitate data discovery and reuse. PyNIDM is a Python toolbox supporting the creation, manipulation, and querying of NIDM documents. Using the query tools available in PyNIDM, users are able interrogate datasets to find studies that have collected variables measuring similar phenotypic properties. This, in turn, facilitates the transformation and combination of data across multiple studies.

The focus of this manuscript is the linear regression tool which is a part of the PyNIDM toolbox and works directly on NIDM documents. It provides a high-level statistical analysis that aids researchers in gaining more insight into the data that they are considering combining across studies. This saves researchers valuable time and effort while showing potential relationships between variables. The linear regression tool operates through a command-line interface integrated with the other tools (pynidm linear-regression) and provides the user with the opportunity to specify variables of interest using the rich query techniques available for NIDM documents and then conduct a linear regression with optional contrast and regularization.
The impact of clinical pharmacist-led health education on the disease course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: an interventional study
Authors: Abou Seada Nehal , El Hamamsy Manal , Shaheen Sarah , Elwakil Reda , Barakat Alaa , El‐Sayed Mansy Azza
Published: February 2022

Background: A multitude of health care professionals, including pharmacists, are needed in managing a complex and silent disease like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). These health care professionals can increase patients’ health awareness regarding the prevention and the management of the disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist education, counseling and follow up on the management of NAFLD with MetS.

Methods: This study recruited 102 patients with NAFLD and MetS. Participants received regular health education sessions concerning the disease and recommended lifestyle (diet and exercise) and were followed by clinical pharmacist for 6 months. At the end of the study, participants were divided into two groups; those compliant with education and follow up session (compliant group; n=61); and those attending > 60% but not completing whole sessions (non-compliant group; n=41). Anthropometric measures, liver function, lipid profile, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), biochemical NAFLD score, radiological liver steatosis and fibrosis grade changes were recorded at baseline and endpoint.

Results: The compliant group showed a more significant decrease in weight (p=0.003), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.009), and very LDL (p<0.001), and a more significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.010) compared with the non-compliant group. Moreover, the compliant group showed a statistically significant higher number of patients achieving normalization of total cholesterol (p=0.002), HDL (p=0.004), waist circumference (p=0.004), improvement of body mass index category (p=0.008), liver steatosis grade (p=0.009), liver fibrosis grade (p<0.001), and absence of dyspeptic symptoms (p=0.0010) and hepatomegaly (p= 0.027) compared with the non-compliant group. Fasting blood glucose (p=0.209), fasting insulin (p=0.179), and HOMA-IR score (p=0.193) showed non-significant difference between both groups at endpoint.

Conclusion: The educational intervention of a clinical pharmacist showed significant positive impact on ameliorating metabolic syndrome parameters and achieving desired NAFLD therapeutic outcomes.
Anaphylaxis to Ciprofloxacin Requiring Emergent Surgical Cricothyrotomy
Authors: Tang Wesley , Rao Edwina
Published: February 2022

Although allergies to antibiotics are commonly stated, anaphylactic reactions are uncommonly reported. This is especially the case with reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Furthermore, airway emergencies are rare. We present a case of ciprofloxacin-induced acute airway obstruction and anaphylaxis, necessitating emergent surgical cricothyrotomy following respiratory distress.
Exercise with 40-Hz light flicker improves hippocampal insulin signaling in Alzheimer disease mice
Authors: Kim Seong-Hyun , Park Sang-Seo , Kim Chang-Ju , Kim Tae-Woon
Published: February 2022

We examined whether exercise is associated with hippocampus-mediated improvement in insulin signaling and cell differentiation in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease (3xTg AD) murine model following exposure to 40-Hz light flickering and exercise. We subjected 12-month-old 3xTg AD mice to exercise and 40-Hz light flickering for 3 months. The exercise session was proceeded for 12 consecutive weeks with gradual increase of intensity. To investigate insulin signaling proteins, western blot was conducted to detect the ratio of phosphorylated insulin receptor β (p-IRβ)/total IRβ (t-IRβ), phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS-1)/total IRS-1 (t-IRS-1), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (p-PI3K)/total PI3K (t-PI3K), phosphorylated 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (p-PDK1)/total PDK-1 (t-PDK1), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt)/total-Akt (t-Akt), and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-GSK3β)/total GSK3β (t-GSK3β). Doublecortin immunohistochemistry was performed for assessing cell differentiation in the hippocampus. Treatments exerted a positive effect. The combination of exercise and 40-Hz light flickering exposure was the most effective treatment enhancing insulin signaling. Increased ratio of p-IRβ/t-IRβ, p-IRS-1/t-IRS-1, p-PI3K/t-PI3K, p-PDK1/t-PDK1, p-Akt/t-Akt, and p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β and enhanced cell differentiation were observed in the 3xTg AD with exercise under 40-Hz light flickering group. Our results indicate that exercise under 40-Hz light flickering most potently improved insulin signaling, thereby promoted cell differentiation.
Bid from the Association for the Advancement of Wound Care
Authors: Bryant Ruth , Milne Catherine , Bohn Gregory , Couch Kara , Waters Nicola , Bates-Jensen Barbara
Published: February 2022

The Association for the Advancement of Wound Care sets out its bid for the WUWHS 2026 Congress to be held in Chicago, Illinois, US.
Guidelines for the use of topical oxygen therapy in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds based on a Delphi consensus
Authors: Serena Thomas E , Andersen Charles , Cole Windy , Garoufalis Matthew , Frykberg Robert , Simman Richard
Published: February 2022

A growing body of evidence supports the use of topical oxygen therapy (TOT) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In addition, anecdotal evidence suggests that topical oxygen may be effective in the treatment of other wound types. In May 2021, experts in the field of wound healing from across the US assembled in New Orleans for the inaugural Leaders in Wound Healing conference. In an interactive session dedicated to TOT, several physicians presented and debated the evidence for TOT. Experts in the audience also shared their experiences in treating patients with TOT. The consensus of the experts recommended the use of TOT in DFUs and supported payer reimbursement for the modality. However, they stressed the need for a guidance document on the use of TOT in patients with hard-to-heal wounds. Following the conference, a Delphi method was employed to establish consensus guidelines for prescribing TOT. A multidisciplinary panel of 24 wound experts (15 wound specialists, six vascular surgeons, one plastic surgeon, one critical care provider and one PhD researcher) participated in two rounds of questionnaires. The Delphi survey questions focused on the indications for topical oxygen, when to prescribe the therapy, pretreatment work-up, visit frequency and length of therapy. A clinical workflow algorithm was also included as part of the Delphi. After two rounds, the Delphi participants were able to reach consensus of >77% on when to prescribe topical oxygen, the wound types that may benefit from the therapy, pretreatment wound preparation and work-up and length of therapy. The goal of the guidelines is to standardise the use of topical oxygen and inform further research efforts.
Eff ects of Cr Doping on Physical Properties of CuBO2 Delafossite Oxide
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Traiphop Sornamol , Manyam Jedsada ,   National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Kamwanna Teerasak ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand,   Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), NANOTEC-KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Published: February 2022

In this research work, CuB1−xCrxO2 (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) were synthesized by using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of Cr concentration on its microstructure, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the crystal structure of all samples belongs to the R-3m delafossite structure. Besides, a second phase CuCrO2 appeared in a high Cr content sample. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that particle size of samples was about 300 nm and slightly increased with increasing the Cr content. The optical properties measured by UV-visible spectroscopy showed the absorbance peak at ~250 nm. The corresponding direct optical band gap was about 2.90 eV. The magnetic hysteresis curve measurements of all samples revealed the paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. Noticeably, the Cr-doped samples (x = 0.01−0.07) exhibited as a ferromagnetic behavior at 50 K. Furthermore, the zero-fi eld-cooling magnetization of the Cr-doped samples shows a ferromagnetic transition temperature at ~130K. Finally, the dielectric measurement of all samples shows the colossal dielectric permittivity.
Patria y paisaje equinoccial
Authors: Fierros Gustavo
Published: February 2022

Este artículo busca establecer una reflexión sobre la producción cultural hecha por los viajeros a la región ecuatorial durante la segunda parte del siglo XVIII y primera del XIX, a partir del análisis de Marie Louis Pratt sobre la reconfiguración de lo que ella ha llamado «conciencia planetaria». Si tanto la expedición conocida como La Condamine, así como la posterior expedición de Humboldt, figuran entre las más importantes narrativas de científicos viajeros, su influencia derivó en otros ámbitos, entre ellos, en las clásicas representaciones del paisaje y de la identidad Latinoamericana. Este análisis considera el desarrollo histórico de la noción de «paisaje», rastreando el surgimiento de este concepto en una tensión entre el discurso científico y el estético, al inicio del romanticismo y demostrando cómo éste sigue condicionando nuestra idea sobre el paisaje equinoccial-andino. En este sentido, la equinoccialidad puede ser leída como un proceso histórico mediante el cual se articula un imaginario de la naturaleza, es decir, una apropiación del territorio mediante la construcción de una representación del paisaje.
Entre Babel y Pentecostés: Joseph de Maistre en la diversidad de las lenguas
Authors: Sverdloff Mariano
Published: February 2022

Joseph de Maistre, figura fundacional de la antimodernidad, impugna constantemente los fenómenos de la pluralidad de las lenguas y de la traducción a partir de una teoría del lenguaje de fundamentos teológicos. Este rechazo convive, sin embargo, con el trato constante con otras lenguas antiguas y modernas y con la reflexión sobre los «intraducibles filosóficos», como diría B. Cassin. Paradójicamente, este crítico acérrimo del cosmopolitismo ilustrado configura en su escritura un original dispositivo de relación con las lenguas extranjeras, en donde se descentra tanto el universalismo de la clarté como la traducción etnocéntrica de las belles infidèles. A diferencia de otros contrarrevolucionarios, como el vizconde de Bonald o Lamennais, De Maistre presenta una escritura radicalmente fragmentada y plurilingüe, desde la cual piensa la relación entre lenguaje y verdad. Y, tal como demostraremos, esa violencia sobre el francés clásico está conectada estrechamente con otra violencia, la del acontecimiento revolucionario.
Escritura topográfica y artealización del paisaje en Chronicles of the hostile sun de Dionne Brand
Authors: Galettini Azucena
Published: February 2022

El poemario Chronicles of the Hostile Sun (1984) de la autora trinitense Dionne Brand, que reside en Canadá desde la década de 1970, evoca la revolución de Granada que ocurrió entre 1979-1983 y la ocupación estadounidense de la isla durante la operación denominada «Urgent Fury» en octubre de 1983. En el presente trabajo se explora cómo Brand construye lo que aquí denominamos una «escritura topográfica» para dar cuenta del proceso de artealización (Roger 2007) que todo paisaje conlleva, poniendo el eje en las luchas políticas que esta estetización esconde. Brand pone en evidencia en su poesía cómo opera su propia «pantalla-tamiz» (Foster 1988) a la hora de mirar el Caribe, así como también la construcción estereotipada y reduccionista de quienes lo ven sólo como fuente de consumo.
Participative Digital Photography to evaluate the transition to University
Authors: Sierra-Martínez Silvia , Martínez-Figueira María Esther , Raposo-Rivas Manuela , Parrilla Ángeles
Published: February 2022

The article shows the possibilities of textualized digital photography in different technological media as an innovative resource for evaluating the process of transitioning to university.The use of photovoice as a methodological tool is explained and analyzed from a participative research perspective as one which invites participants to take on an active role in reflecting on and taking part in their new academic situation. 142 first-year students doing degrees in Pre-school and Primary Education at the University of Vigo participated in the Project; this has led to the creation of a total of 560 textualized photographs related to the topic of the study.The results, based on a denotative analysis of the images and a connotative analysis of the texts produced by the students, identifies the spaces and situations in the university life of students which are essential, the role played by architectural elements and material resources, as well as the connection between their identity as students and the processes of university participation and management.The conclusions show the suitability of visual technological resources for evaluating educational transitions, the ability of photovoice to encourage participants to reflect and engage in critical thought, and the need to recognize the students’ voices and authority as soon as they enter university.
Evaluación de la aplicación del Teatro Foro en el aula como herramienta de aprendizaje en el Grado de Trabajo Social
Authors: Serrano-Martínez Cecilia
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio pretende conocer las visiones del estudiantado universitario de Trabajo Social, acerca de su experiencia, emociones vivenciadas y aprendizajes alcanzados tras la aplicación de la herramienta Teatro Foro en el aula durante el curso 2017-2018, en la Universidad de La Rioja. Esta técnica se ha utilizado con el fin pedagógico de aprender a resolver una situación de conflicto que podemos encontrar en la práctica profesional de Trabajo Social, a partir de una escena teatralizada (alumnado de cuarto curso), y por medio de las aportaciones del foro presente (alumnado de segundo curso). Esta dinámica tiene una novedad adicional ya que, la creación e interpretación del caso, ha sido realizada por estudiantado de cuarto curso de Trabajo Social. Este aspecto dota de un carácter intergrupal, que enriquece la visión del contenido a tratar, así como la posterior colaboración entre compañeros/as de diferentes cursos académicos. El Teatro Foro fomenta el aprendizaje activo, promueve el trabajo cooperativo y sirve para comprender la magnitud de las diversas realidades sociales a las que tratamos de dar respuesta desde el Trabajo Social. Algunos de los hallazgos más interesantes son: la importancia de las emociones en el aula, el trabajo intergrupal como recurso de aprendizaje, y las relaciones horizontales como favorecedoras de un clima de trabajo adecuado para el desarrollo de la motivación y la creatividad.
Spectral emissivity modeling in multi-resonant systems using coupled-mode theory
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Zhao Bo , Fan Shanhui , Yu Zongfu , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: February 2022

The ability to design multi-resonant thermal emitters is essential to the advancement of a wide variety of applications, including thermal management and sensing. These fields would greatly benefit from the development of more efficient tools for predicting the spectral response of coupled, multi-resonator systems. In this work, we propose a semi-analytical prediction tool based on coupled-mode theory. In our approach, a complex thermal emitter is fully described by a set of coupled-mode parameters, which can be straightforwardly calculated from simulations of unit cells containing single and double resonators. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method by predicting and optimizing spectral response in a coupled, multi-resonant system based on hBN ribbons. The approach described here can greatly reduce the computational overhead associated with spectral design tasks in coupled, multi-resonant systems.