bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Imbalanced Data Classification and Approaches Relating to Real-Time Applications
Authors: More Anjali S. , Rana Dipti P.
Published: June 2021

In today's era, multifarious data mining applications deal with leading challenges of handling imbalanced data classification and its impact on performance metrics. There is the presence of skewed data distribution in an ample range of existent time applications which engrossed the attention of researchers. Fraud detection in finance, disease diagnosis in medical applications, oil spill detection, pilfering in electricity, anomaly detection and intrusion detection in security, and other real-time applications constitute uneven data distribution. Data imbalance affects classification performance metrics and upturns the error rate. These leading challenges prompted researchers to investigate imbalanced data applications and related machine learning approaches. The intent of this research work is to review a wide variety of imbalanced data applications of skewed data distribution as binary class data unevenness and multiclass data disproportion, the problem encounters, the variety of approaches to resolve the data imbalance, and possible open research areas.
A Survey of Class Imbalance Problem on Evolving Data Stream
Authors: Himaja D. , Padmaja T. Maruthi , Krishna P. Radha
Published: June 2021

Learning from data streams with both online class imbalance and concept drift (OCI-CD) is receiving much attention in today's world. Due to this problem, the performance is affected for the current models that learn from both stationary as well as non-stationary environments. In the case of non-stationary environments, due to the imbalance, it is hard to spot the concept drift using conventional drift detection methods that aim at tracking the change detection based on the learner's performance. There is limited work on the combined problem from imbalanced evolving streams both from stationary and non-stationary environments. Here the data may be evolved with complete labels or with only limited labels. This chapter's main emphasis is to provide different methods for the purpose of resolving the issue of class imbalance in emerging streams, which involves changing and unchanging environments with supervised and availability of limited labels.
Mitigating Data Imbalance Issues in Medical Image Analysis
Authors: Banik Debapriya , Bhattacharjee Debotosh
Published: June 2021

Medical images mostly suffer from data imbalance problems, which make the disease classification task very difficult. The imbalanced distribution of the data in medical datasets happens when a proportion of a specific type of disease in a dataset appears in a small section of the entire dataset. So analyzing medical datasets with imbalanced data is a significant challenge for the machine learning and deep learning community. A standard classification learning algorithm might be biased towards the majority class and ignore the importance of the minority class (class of interest), which generally leads to the wrong diagnosis of the patients. So, the data imbalance problem in the medical image dataset is of utmost importance for the early prediction of disease, specifically cancer. This chapter attempts to explore different problems concerning data imbalance in medical diagnosis. The authors have discussed different rebalancing strategies that offer guidelines for choosing appropriate optimal procedures to train the samples by a classifier for an efficient medical diagnosis.
Detection of Bot Accounts on Social Media Considering Its Imbalanced Nature
Authors: Agarwal Isha Y. , Rana Dipti P. , Bhatia Devanshi , Rathod Jay , Gandhi Kaneesha J. , Sodagar Harshit
Published: June 2021

Social media has completely transformed the way people communicate. However, every revolution brings with it some negative impacts. Due to its popularity amongst tons of global users, these platforms have a huge volume of data. The ease of access with minimal verification of new users on social media has led to the creation of the bot accounts used to collect private data, spread false and harmful content, and also poses many security threats. A lot of concerns have been raised with the increment in the quantity of bot accounts on different social media platforms. Also there is a high imbalance between bot and non-bot accounts where the imbalance is a result of 'normal behavior' of bot users. The research aims at identifying the artificial bots accounts on Twitter using various machine learning algorithms and content-based classification based on features provided on the platform and recent tweets of users respectively.
Indian Judgment Categorization for Practicing Similar Judgment Identification
Authors: Dhanani Jenish , Mehta Rupa G. , Rana Dipti P. , Lad Rahul , Agrawal Amogh , Chevli Karan , Reddy Jashwanth Gummula
Published: June 2021

Recently, legal information retrieval has emerged as an essential practice for the legal fraternity. In the legal domain, judgment is a specific kind of legal document, which discusses case-related information and the verdict of a court case. In the common law system, the legal professionals exploit relevant judgments to prepare arguments. Hence, an automated system is a vital demand to identify similar judgments effectively. The judgments can be broadly categorized into civil and criminal cases, where judgments with similar case matters can have strong relevance compared to judgments with different case matters. In similar judgment identification, categorized judgments can significantly prune search space by restrictive search within a specific case category. So, this chapter provides a novel methodology that classifies Indian judgments in either of the case matter. Crucial challenges like imbalance and intrinsic characteristics of legal data are also highlighted specific to similarity analysis of Indian judgments, which can be a motivating aspect to the research community.
An Experimental Analysis to Learn Data Imbalance in Scholarly Data
Authors: Desai Mitali , Mehta Rupa G. , Rana Dipti P.
Published: June 2021

Data imbalance is a key challenge in the majority of real-world classification problems. It refers to the disparity of data instances corresponding to either of the class labels. Data imbalance is studied in detail with respect to many data domains such as transaction data, medical data, e-commerce data, meteorological data, social media data, and web data. But the scholarly data domain is yet to be analyzed pertaining to data imbalance. In this chapter, the scholarly data domain is explored with a focus to study various forms of data imbalance. A well-known and popular scholarly platform, ResearchGate (RG), is targeted to extract real scholarly data. An extensive experimental analysis is performed on the extracted data in order to identify the existence of both data-level and network-level imbalance. The outcome contributes to the learning of various types of data imbalance that exist in scholarly data. Resolving the existing data imbalance will substantially help in achieving efficient and accurate outcomes in many real-world scholarly literature applications.
Teacher Effectiveness
Authors: Sun Yaling , Xu Xianxuan , Wang Ruirui , Dai Jingjing
Published: June 2021

China has a long tradition of respecting teachers and valuing education. In order to strengthen the teacher workforce, the central government of China has implemented a series of educational policies related to teachers and teaching since the 1990s. Alongside this line of educational reforms, the conceptual frameworks with regard to teacher effectiveness also have been evolving. This chapter reviews the major policies that have been issued over the past 30 years in China and examines their implications for teacher preparation and certification, professional development, and educational equity. In addition, some unique features of teacher effectiveness practices in China are explored in this chapter.
Teacher Effectiveness in Singapore
Authors: Gareis Christopher R.
Published: June 2021

Singapore is an island city-state located at the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Although one of the smallest countries in the world by landmass, it has an outsized record for educational excellence as evidenced by consistently high rankings on indicators of international comparison. While no single measure is indicative of educational quality, the Singapore education system is unquestionably effective. In this chapter, the quality and effectiveness of teachers are explored, beginning with a brief history of Singaporean education and then an overview of three defining characteristics of the Singapore education system as related to teacher quality. Then, the chapter presents a career-spanning perspective on teaching in Singapore from entry to pre-service preparation to induction, continuous professional learning, and career advancement. Throughout, a prevailing theme is evident: the value placed on teacher quality is an intentional, strategic feature of the Singaporean system, at the core of which is valuing teachers as learners and innovators.
SDG 13 and Environmental Governance in the Nigerian Financial Sector
Authors: Akinsola Temiloluwa O. , Adelowotan Michael Olajide
Published: June 2021

This chapter examines how the board of directors of financial organisations and the regulatory bodies have responded to climate change as it has occurred over time, with particular reference to the banking sector in Nigeria. It reflects on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, which is about taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts by both banks and government regulatory organisations. The chapter is hinged on the triple-bottom line theory and considered various existing international environmental initiatives, and how Nigerian banks have responded to them. The chapter concludes that though a lot has been done by the Nigerian banks to act on initiatives towards climate change, there is more to be done on the part of the board of directors and the regulatory authorities of the listed banks considered.
Financing Green Electricity in Nigeria for Economic Growth
Authors: Adeyeye Olufemi Patrick , Balogun Adekunle Alexander , Fapetu Oladapo
Published: June 2021

Green finance connotes the financial activities designed to aid the recovery of the environment from degradation. In Nigeria, the danger posed by solid waste to the environment is enormous. In particular, refuse collection and disposal mechanisms have not been adequately executed. The urban landscapes in the country are littered with plastics, polythene, and various non-degradable materials. In this chapter, the authors present an efficient way to clean up the Nigerian environment of solid wastes through a waste-to-energy strategy by exploring the green finance options or sources and structure to deliver renewable and clean electricity for Nigeria. The authors concluded by highlighting that green finance is useful for efficient waste management and the generation of green electricity to the Nigerian national grid.
Long-Term Effects of Climate Change on Housing Market analytics in Amaravati, Capital of Andhra Pradesh in India, Using Machine Learning
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu
Published: June 2021

Housing markets are known to be affected by adverse environments (i.e., environmental air pollution incidents affect Indian urban residents). Urban atmosphere quality has changed extensively with PM2.5 and O3 becoming the primary atmosphere indicators of concern because of dense cities in recent years. There is a correlation between the air pollution of Amaravati with the housing market model. When estimating the housing market, the chapter makes use of the extended regression model together with several constant results in conformity with higher rule. However, there is an insignificant affinity including the concentration regarding SO2 and the concentration of O3 appears according to positively increase the housing values. This chapter therefore examines the influence of actual real estate investment over atmosphere characteristics through the use of a sample on 26 prefecture-level cities in India from 2010–2019 through countless econometric models.
Climate Change Risk and the Performance of South African Banks
Authors: Lawrence Babatunde Samuel , Doorasamy Mishelle
Published: June 2021

The comprehensive climate risk index (CRI) is used to proxy climate change risk in this chapter as an independent variable alongside control variables such as credit risk/nonperforming loan (CRISK), total asset (TA), leverage (LEV), net income margin (NIM), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), yield on earning assets (YEA), and gross domestic product (GDP). Return on assets (ROA) as the response variable was used as proxy for performance of the top six listed South African banks on the Johannesburg stock exchange. Using Stata in a multiple regression technique for the period 2006 to 2019, this chapter concludes that the CRI is negative but not significant enough to impact performance of banks; however, its different individual components such as drought index, rain-waterlogged, etc. could be computed and regressed with other profitability measures to investigate their impact on performance of the banks in future editions of this book.
Climate Change Accounting and Value Growth of Financial Institutions in West Africa
Authors: Maama Haruna , Marimuthu Ferina
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the impact of climate change accounting on the value growth of financial institutions in West Africa. The study used 10 years of annual reports of 47 financial institutions in Ghana and Nigeria. The climate change disclosure scores were determined based on the task force's recommended components on climate-related financial disclosure. A panel data regression technique was used for the analysis. The study found a positive and significant relationship between climate change accounting and the value of financial institutions in West Africa. This result implies that the firms' value would improve should they concentrate and enhance their climate change disclosure activities. The findings also revealed that the impact of climate change accounting on the value of financial institutions is positively and significantly higher in countries with stronger investor protection. These findings enable us to expand our understanding of the process of generating value for investors in financial institutions and society, generally.
The Impact of Climate Change on Global Entrepreneurial Activities
Authors: Tshabalala Mkhothi , Ramraj Andrisha Beharry , Ramasamy-Gurayah Jayrusha
Published: June 2021

In this era of climate change, there has been urgent calls for entrepreneurs to adopt sustainable business practices. Entrepreneurs need to seek to increase their production efficiency. Entrepreneurs have looked at sustainability as a solution to improve value for society, the environment, and financial gains for their businesses. Businesses around the globe are embracing entrepreneurial business sustainability with the aim of increasing their triple bottom line. Climate change has challenged not only governments across the world but also businesses. Businesses around the globe are embracing entrepreneurial business sustainability with the aim of increasing their triple bottom line. Climate change has challenged not only governments across the world but also businesses, and as a result, efforts have been made by various stakeholders such as the United Nations to assist countries in mitigating the consequences of climate change on economic, social, and ecological dimensions.
Child Neglect
Authors: Emmanuel Stephen Oluwaseun
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides a groundwork for school counselors. It amplifies their roles and responsibilities to neglected children and also discusses the issues that should be considered in the assessment and treatment of neglected children and their families. The chapter provides professional guides to therapists who specialize in the treatment of neglected children and school counselors who meet with the neglected children occasionally. The methodology adopted for the assessment and treatment of neglect in this chapter is child-centered, family-focused, and culturally receptive. The author posits that dealing with child neglect will be more effective when school counselors leave the four walls of the school to provide support for neglect children and thus integrating them into the school system.
Student Trauma, the Hidden Curriculum, and Cultural Humility
Authors: Branson Dana C.
Published: June 2021

Student trauma can set up challenges and obstacles to a student's academic success. The correlation between experienced childhood trauma and negative medical and social problems is significant, creating problems at school with academic work, behaviors, and social interactions. Further compounding this issue are cultural differences in traumatic resolution and the hidden curriculum of education, especially as the globalization of school communities increases. The complexity of this issue generates an ideal situation for a multidisciplinary team approach, with precise defining of each team member's role to increase comprehensive services for teachers, students, families, and the administration. Essential members of the multidisciplinary team are school administration, teachers, family members, guidance staff, counseling staff, school social workers, school nurses, and community resources that can coordinate with the school to create individualized plans to optimize student success. The chapter is a compilation of scholarly research through desktop research.
Career Counseling
Authors: Koutsafti Maria , Politi Niki
Published: June 2021

Career Counseling is a lifelong process starting when individuals choose an occupation -or even earlier-, prepare for it, and make progress in it. It emphasizes exploring the individuals' interests, values, skills and personality characteristics so as to support them to progress in those subjects and activities that will contribute to the attainment of the ultimate aim of shaping a good career as they wish it. The chapter starts with a brief presentation of career counseling and decision making as well as career management development in a contemporary context and continues with an exposition of the Model of Personal Career Management adopted by the “STEP” Career Counseling Department at Doukas School. An overview of the services provided is presented with a focus on the use of the “global net cloud.” Finally, the need for engaging the parents is stressed and additional activities, including handling students' exam anxiety are discussed.
The Contribution of Information Communication Technologies in Online Career Counseling
Authors: Mouratoglou Nikolaos , Zarifis George K.
Published: June 2021

Information communication technologies have undoubtedly affected the discipline of career counselling. Nevertheless, online career counselling remains a rather limited practice in Greece; therefore, the chapter attempts to contribute to the wider dialogue that has been addressed so far, by focusing on the design, implementation, and assessment of an online career counselling program for higher education students and graduates. The purpose of the study is to present the main parameters related to participants' learning experience, such as motivation, barriers to participation, as well as adopted strategies for overcoming these barriers during the online program. The researchers conducted 15 semi-structured interviews to collect data for summative assessment. The analysis of the data indicates that prior acknowledgement of learners' motivation, educator/career counsellor's role, the learning environment, the methods utilized, and the teaching material can maximize the effectiveness of equivalent programs, due to the fulfillment of their needs, goals, and expectations.
Inclusive Approaches to School Counseling
Authors: Haihambo Cynthy K.
Published: June 2021

At the core of the education system in Namibia lies the philosophical underpinning of inclusivity and its underlying principle of equal participation. Thus, to exclude any individual or societal group, directly or indirectly, from participation in education is tantamount to violating the primary meaning of democracy as it pertains to education. This assertion is consistent with the United Nation's SDG 4, which strives at ensuring “Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Lifelong Opportunities for All,” and SDG 16, which is aimed to provide “Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.” Two ethnic groups in Namibia, the Ovahimba and the San, are regarded as marginalized, and this marginalization cuts across all spheres of their lives. This research-informed chapter provides an insight into experiences of children from indigenous communities in schools. It further presents an argument for culturally responsive approaches to counseling for learners from indigenous communities.
Healing Alex's Wound
Authors: Chen Szu-Yu
Published: June 2021

Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) has emphasized the need to consider multicultural and social justice factors into all aspects of the counseling profession. Consistent with the MSJCC guideline, it is essential that counselors provide developmentally and culturally responsive interventions when working with children from diverse backgrounds. Adlerian play therapy is a unique approach in which counselors incorporate basic tenets of individual psychology and premise of play therapy to help children work through different types of emotional or behavioral issues. This chapter provides an overview of the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on children's mental health, particularly the multitude of effects on Hispanic children. The author then illustrates the application of Adlerian play therapy from MSJCC's perspective to work with a Hispanic boy exposed to a high level of ACEs.
The Transition of a School Counseling Program
Authors: Rakich Sladjana Sandy , Rodriguez Sonia , Morgan Ronald
Published: June 2021

This chapter outlines the evolution of a Master of School Counseling Program from a traditional in-person model to an asynchronous online program with an integrated field experience component. It utilizes a case study approach to how this transition occurred with an overview of the process and strategies used for the program course redesign presented. The primary goal of the redesign efforts was to sustain efficient student instructor engagement in an online setting while training aspiring school counselors for the complex 21st century educational settings. This chapter also includes a brief literature review of best practices, rubrics used for program development, progress monitoring, and program assessment. Additionally, descriptive data that is presented illustrates the perspectives of adjunct faculty and students in regard to teaching effectiveness, student engagement and satisfaction in an asynchronous fast paced online program.
Solution-Focused Group Work for At-Promise Youth in School Counseling
Authors: Hill Jehan , Baquet Sarah N. , Muirhead Kathleen N.
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on addressing the needs of at-promise youth within the educational system through a school counseling perspective. The authors of this chapter provide an overview of solution-focus counseling and how it can be implemented in a group setting to meet the unique needs of students who encounter barriers during their educational pursuits. The following sections are discussed in this chapter: resiliency language; meeting the needs of at-promise youth; elements of solution-focused counseling; application of solution-focused group strategies; addressing career, social/emotional, and academics in solution-focused group counseling; and provide a case example. This case example outlines how a school counselor may implement a solution-focused group when counseling at-promise youth within the school setting.
University/District Collaboration Play Therapy Clinics
Authors: Holliman Ryan P. , Blanco Pedro
Published: June 2021

Many elementary schools must make due with a single school counselor, leaving many children in need of services. The authors of this chapter propose a unique partnership to create sustainable school-based play therapy clinics. The proposed clinics provide free services to children in schools and also allow for the collection of data by university professors hoping to examine and advocate for effectiveness of play therapy. The chapter will discuss how to select appropriate partners, how to build relationships with school professionals, how to establish research and clinics in the schools, training concerns, and ethical issues.
An Intra-Prediction Mode-Based Video Steganography With Secure Strategy
Authors: Cao Xiushi , Sun Tanfeng , Jiang Xinghao , Dong Yi , Xu Ke
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an intra-prediction mode (IPM)-based video steganography with secure strategy was proposed for H.264 video stream. First of all, according to the property of IPM conversion after calibration, a content-adaptive selection strategy was adopted to measure candidate carrier macroblock. Then, a more efficient encoding strategy based on grouped IPM was applied to encode secret message. This encoding strategy aimed to further enhance the security performance by exploiting the deviation feature of calibrated IPM. Finally, syndrome-trellis code was used as the embedding implementation to minimize distortion. Experimental results demonstrate that this article proposed algorithm presents a novel security performance with any existing IPM-based video steganography.
Confidence in Mental Health Professionals and Other Interdisciplinary Involvement in Disaster Response
Authors: Klein Taylor A. , Davis Kelley L. , Greenstone James L.
Published: June 2021

Increased utilization of coordinated disaster response in the United States has resulted in the integration of interdisciplinary professions, which must involve mental health professionals to maximize potential success. The lack of interdisciplinary training has been cited as problematic. An anonymous survey identifying current training and scaling effectiveness was distributed. Seventy-two responses were recorded from various industries including fire rescue, law enforcement, emergency management, mental health professionals, physicians, and health professional students. As expected, very high percentages of these professionals had received response training. However, the average response often included “neutral” within the standard deviation of responses assessing training efficacy suggesting a possible lack of comfort and confidence. Most significantly, respondents were least comfortable working with mental health professionals, suggesting a need for considerable improvement in mental health professionals' involvement in interdisciplinary disaster response training and exercises.
Climate Variability and Its Associated Community Losses in Gicumbi District, Northern Rwanda
Authors: Nahayo Lamek , Li Lanhai , Mupenzi Christophe
Published: June 2021

Climate change causes loss on lives and livelihoods while regular update strengthens resilience. This study aimed to analyze the rainfall variability impact on livelihoods in Northern Rwanda. The data on community losses due to rainfall variability were considered from 2013 to 2019. The GIS and SPSS helped the data analysis process. The results showed high mean monthly rainfall (119.345 and 90.05 mm) in 2013 and 2017, respectively. This caused landslide, flood, rainstorms, windstorms, lightning, and hailstorms occurrence, which killed/injured people, damaged houses and cropland, livestock loss, and destruction of infrastructures. The correlation analysis indicated a statistically significant p-value of 0.0151 lower than 0.05 and approved that rainfall variability negatively impacts livelihoods. This study can enable policymakers to better understand how changes in rainfall impact livelihoods and strategic measures to adopt for climate variability and climate change adaptation.
Exigency of OSHA Standards Concerning Indian Telecom Riggers
Authors: Prasad Malla Satya , Srinivas K. S.
Published: June 2021

Telecom towers play the utmost important role in mobile communication whereas riggers (tower workers/climbers) are the backbone to erect and maintain such tower infrastructure. Work on telecom towers includes tower structure work, hoisting and de hoisting of various types of antennas, RF cable laying and connectorization. The purpose of this article is to identify gaps among stakeholders in adopting safety standards to protect telecom tower riggers in Indian telecom domain and proposed framework for establishing Occupational, Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for Indian telecom tower riggers to fill the gap and create a conducive atmosphere among telecom companies and tower infrastructure providers while utilizing the services of riggers. This article tabulates basic parameters that are required to find “rigger-man-hours” on each work/activity of rigger on the telecom tower. This will enable telecom companies to forecast their regular riggers requirement as well to assess the future demand across geographical areas of the country.
Experimental Characterization of Admittance Meter With Crude Oil Emulsions
Authors: Rondon B.
Published: June 2021

Measuring water content is useful in the oil industry to quantify the actual amount of oil being produced. This extent is used in the processes of control and transfer of custody in tank farms, flow stations, and others. In this study, to determine the water content with an admittance measuring device, a characterization was performed with emulsions to identify the behavior of the sensor against this type of fluid. The device has facing electrodes parallel flat. Emulsions O/W and W/O were prepared in the laboratory with heavy oil at laboratory temperature conditions. The capacitance measurement is used to calculate the value of relative permittivity of the fluid (εm) and conductance is used to calculate the conductivity of the mixture (σm). The results of water content measurements showed the sensor response is related to the continuous phases of the emulsions. In addition, these measurements indicated that a characterization of the electrical behavior of the emulsions, as well as the effect of the formulation of the emulsion, can be made using this equipment.
Smart System to Detect a Lethargic Driver and Parking the Car to Avoid Accidents
Authors: Jagtap Tanmay Rajesh , Jadhav Mehank Hemant , Phade Chinmay Deepak , Bhambure Tanmay Rajeev , Mahajan Nayana Prakash
Published: June 2021

This article describes that driving drowsily is an issue that has been troubling various countries for years, and parts of India face compounded risks due to the country's geography and driving style. Driving drowsily is especially dangerous when paired with poor road conditions in rural, mountainous areas. In this paper, fatigue detection of the driver and emergency parking to reduce the number of accidents caused due to drowsy driving, which deals with automatic drowsiness detection using image processing and emergency auto parking of the vehicle. The paper also discussed an algorithm to detect, track, and analyze driver's EAR (eye aspect ratio) associated with facial landmarks.
Nekray
Authors: Sad A. S. M. Mehedi Hasan , Choyon Md Mashrur Sakib , Rhydwan Abu Hasnat Md , Shikder Kawshik , Hossain Chowdhury Akram
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the demand of kiosk devices has increased significantly for relaying information in organizations, institutions, or any other service centers. They have become a better alternative for traditional human assistance or reception desks. However, there are no dynamic operating systems or user interfaces available for kiosk devices. This paper represents a development of an operating system for kiosk devices called ‘Nekray', which was built on Linux Kernel environment. It was designed to be dynamic, fast, user-friendly, and user interactive. The developed operating system avails the option to change the data of its features as per requirement. It also supports plug and play feature and can be installed in any low-cost hardware board. Furthermore, built-in AI is also a part of the developed system that performs its features through image processing. The system maintains the privacy and interactive transition of data to its users on kiosk devices.
DDoS Attack Simulation and Machine Learning-Based Detection Approach in Internet of Things Experimental Environment
Authors: Chen Hongsong , Meng Caixia , Chen Jingjiu
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the problem of DDoS attack detection in internet of things (IoT) environment, statistical and machine-learning algorithms are proposed to model and analyze the network traffic of DDoS attack. Docker-based virtualization platform is designed and configured to collect IoT network traffic data. Then the packet-level, flow-level, and second-level network traffic datasets are generated, and the importance of features in different traffic datasets are sorted. By SKlearn and TensorFlow machine-learning software framework, different machine learning algorithms are researched and compared. In packet-level DDoS attack detection, KNN algorithm achieves the best results; the accuracy is 92.8%. In flow-level DDoS attack detection, the voting algorithm achieves the best results; the accuracy is 99.8%. In second-level DDoS attack detection, the RNN algorithm behaves best results; the accuracy is 97.1%. The DDoS attack detection method combined with statistical analysis and machine-learning can effectively detect large-scale DDoS attacks on the internet of things simulation experimental environment.
ADT
Authors: Puri Vartika , Kaur Parmeet , Sachdeva Shelly
Published: June 2021

Data anonymization is commonly utilized for the protection of an individual's identity when his personal or sensitive data is published. A well-known anonymization model to define the privacy of transactional data is the km-anonymity model. This model ensures that an adversary who knows up to m items of an individual cannot determine which record in the dataset corresponds to the individual with a probability greater than 1/k. However, the existing techniques generally rely on the presence of similarity between items in the dataset tuples to achieve km-anonymization and are not suitable when transactional data contains tuples without many common values. The authors refer to this type of transactional data as diverse transactional data and propose an algorithm, anonymization of diverse transactional data (ADT). ADT is based on slicing and generalization to achieve km-anonymity for diverse transactional data. ADT has been experimentally evaluated on two datasets, and it has been found that ADT yields higher privacy protection and causes a lower loss in data utility as compared to existing methods.
Pupils' Creative Self-Expression in Visual Art
Authors: Kaleja-Gasparovica Daiga
Published: June 2021

The study is devoted to the organization of the teaching/learning content of visual art and self-expression process in practice. The article, based on theory, explains creative self-expression in the context of pupil's meaningful learning, based on the new education policy and the developed guidelines in basic education. The individual experience of prospective primary school teachers and their understanding of self-expression in visual art has been clarified during the reflection and pedagogical observation in the study process in methods of teaching visual art which led to stating the research problem. The theoretical account offered in the article reveals pedagogical possibilities for prospective teachers to organize purposefully self-expression classes in visual art during the teaching practice so that the pupil, learning visual art without professional literacy in art, improved his/her transversal skills acquiring the experience of self-guided learning, critical thinking and problem-solving, innovation, cooperation, and civic participation.
Discriminate Supervised Weighted Scheme for the Classification of Time Series Signals
Authors: Ramanujam Elangovan , Padmavathi S.
Published: June 2021

Innovations and applicability of time series data mining techniques have significantly increased the researchers' interest in the problem of time series classification. Several algorithms have been proposed for this purpose categorized under shapelet, interval, motif, and whole series-based techniques. Among this, the bag-of-words technique, an extensive application of the text mining approach, performs well due to its simplicity and effectiveness. To extend the efficiency of the bag-of-words technique, this paper proposes a discriminate supervised weighted scheme to identify the characteristic and representative pattern of a class for efficient classification. This paper uses a modified weighted matrix that discriminates the representative and non-representative pattern which enables the interpretability in classification. Experimentation has been carried out to compare the performance of the proposed technique with state-of-the-art techniques in terms of accuracy and statistical significance.
A Sociotechnical Systems Analysis of Knowledge Management for Cybersecurity
Authors: Wang Shouhong , Wang Hai
Published: June 2021

Knowledge management (KM) is a tool to tackle cybersecurity issues, provided it emphasizes on the interrelated social, organizational, and technological factors involved in cybersecurity. This paper proposes a sociotechnical systems analysis framework of KM systems for cybersecurity. Specifically, it applies a sociotechnical systems approach to investigation of constructs of KM systems for cybersecurity and identifies five major constructs of KM systems for cybersecurity: roles of KM in cybersecurity, organizational framework of KM for cybersecurity, cybersecurity analytics process, tools of KM for cybersecurity, and system architecture of KM for cybersecurity. The five constructs in the proposed sociotechnical systems analysis framework are analyzed. The paper makes contribution to the growing information systems literature by presenting a special case of sociotechnical systems analysis. The sociotechnical systems analysis framework provides guidelines for the development of KM systems for cybersecurity in organizations.
Scientific Image Forgery, Journalism, and Public Communication of Science
Authors: Lopez-Cantos Francisco
Published: June 2021

In this article, the authors, in the context of the devastating effects that the proliferation of “fake news” is causing in all areas of society, deal with the ethical challenges and limits that falsification in the representation of knowledge. That is, what we might call “fake pictures” currently poses to the scientific community and the journalistic profession. In the conclusions, they emphasize the urgent need to demystify scientific activity and promote contemporary scientific culture from the perspective of knowledge representation.
Preparing New Zealand's Teachers to Use Culturally Responsive Relationship-Based Pedagogies
Authors: Ressler Mary Beth , Ressler James D. , Gordon Barrie
Published: June 2021

This article addresses culturally responsive relationship-based pedagogies as a foundation to quality teaching and learning. Framed through an examination of the Masters of Teaching and Learning (MTchLrn) program in Aotearoa/New Zealand, this qualitative study was conducted using naturalistic inquiry. A study of how this program works across multiple contexts forms a basis for determining whether it could serve as a model for other institutions and countries. Results indicated the MTchLrn program, through the infrastructure of the program and triad relationships so central to the program, holds promise for effectively preparing teachers in culturally responsive and relationship-based practices.
Rethinking Teacher Education via Collaborative Learning
Authors: Karatsiori Marianthi , Liontou Trisevgeni , Zafiri Makrina
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on peer online professional development methods for in-service English language teachers. In the digital era, teacher education is in constant change, and online collaborative professional development methods using social media, digital platforms, and tools can be an interesting way in which to create a community of practice where English teachers can engage in generating and jointly developing digital learning content, new conceptions, and models of teaching within an environment of trust. The selected examples will demonstrate how English language teachers can take the role of a teacher-coach and actively engage other English language teachers in tech integration that is deeply embedded in subject matter, as opposed to offering stand-alone lessons on how to use technology. The flipped classroom approach will be liaised with concrete techniques of developing ICT skills and enriching teachers' practices. The methods presented can be used to deliver refresher training, as well as to provide ongoing support and mentorship to hone and build English language skills.
IL MOVIMENTO PROGRESSISTA IN AMERICA TRA RIFORME SOCIALI E MUTAMENTI COSTITUZIONALI
Authors: Bottaro Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

All’inizio del ventesimo secolo, il movimento progressista ebbe il merito di riuscire ad ampliare la base sociale della democrazia americana, consolidando i meccanismi istituzionali di partecipazione e accrescendo il ruolo dell’opinione pubblica nel sostegno alle riforme economiche e sociali.
ALLE ORIGINI DELLO SCIENTISMO: BENTHAM
Authors: Cubeddu Raimondo
Published: June 2021

Pur essendo considerato uno dei maggiori filosofi politici del Novecento, Oakeshott, come è noto, non aveva una grande considerazione della politica e riteneva anzi che nel corso dei secoli avesse costantemente offerto uno “spettacolo sgradevole". Si potrebbe addirittura pensare che se ne occupasse, sia pure nel modo particolare in cui lo faceva, per mettere in guardia dal farsi illusioni su di essa, o forse per mettere in evidenza i guai che poteva combinare l’idea di migliorare la condizione umana tramite la politica. Soprattutto dopo che essa è diventata “scientifica”.
EVENTI DI DIPARTIMENTI 2020
Authors: Eventi 2020 Gli
Published: June 2021

Non disponibile.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of University Students Toward COVID-19 in Sudan
Authors: Badi Safaa , Abdulraheem Muhammad Abdou , Mustafa Anas Albagir , Matar Mazin Sayed , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig
Published: June 2021

Background:

On March 11, 2020, the WHO has declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infection. People's commitment to the recommended control measures is generally affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) concerning COVID-19; hence, this study aimed to assess the KAPs of university students in Sudan regarding COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

This was an online descriptive cross-sectional study, performed between April and June 2020 among Sudanese students enrolled in 10 universities in Khartoum state. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire designed in Arabic. The sample size in this study was 657 students. Data were collected by a convenience sampling method and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:

More than 60% of the participants were females, around two-thirds (68.1%) aged between 18 and 23 years. More than 81% of the participants live in urban areas; approximately two-fifth (59.5%) of them were medical students. About 59% of the participants have sufficient knowledge. Twenty-two percent of the participants reported a positive attitude, while 71% of them reported a fair attitude, and only 3.8% reported a negative attitude. Nearly 94% of them do not go out of home, and 95% do use disinfectants, solutions, and face masks to prevent contacting and spreading COVID-19. Knowledge was significantly associated with age, gender, study level, being medical or nonmedical students, attending online lectures or webinars about COVID-19, and educational level, while attitude was significantly associated with gender.

Conclusion:

More than half of the participants had sufficient knowledge, and the minority of them had a negative attitude toward COVID-19, while most of them had a good practice. Gender and attending online lectures or webinars about COVID-19 were the predictors for participant's knowledge.
Effect of Personalized Support at Home on the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnancy in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Ilboudo Bernard , Savadogo Léon G. B. , Traoré Isidore , Meda Clément Z. , Kinda Maurice , Sombié Issiaka , Dramaix-Wilmet Michèle , Donnen Philippe
Published: June 2021

Burkina Faso has high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), despite the implementation of the WHO recommended guidelines. This study aimed to test the effects of personalized support for pregnant women at home on the trend of anemia prevalence in pregnancy. A cluster randomized trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2016 at Sindou health district in Burkina Faso. Data were collected from 617 women in their first or second trimester of pregnancy, including 440 and 177 women in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention consisted of a monthly home-based visit to the pregnant woman, focusing on nutritional counseling and pregnancy management, alongside an improvement antenatal visit quality. Compared with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in the control group [64.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.1–74.4%)], that of the intervention group was significantly lower from the fifth home visit onward [36.8% (95% CI: 32.1–41.8%)] (P < 0.001). The adjusted difference-in-differences in anemia prevalence between the two groups was –19.8% (95% CI: –30.2% to –9.4%) for women who received more than four home visits (P < 0.001). The corresponding difference in hemoglobin levels was 0.644 g/dL (95% CI: 0.309–0.167; P < 0.001). Personalized support for pregnant women at home, combined with appropriate antenatal care, can significantly reduce anemia prevalence during pregnancy in rural Burkina Faso.
Case Report: Children with Severe Nutritional Rickets in the Naga Region in Northwest Myanmar, on the border with India
Authors: Aung Hein , Soe Kyaw , Smithuis Frank F. , Lamb Thomas , Aung Moe Wint , Smithuis Frank M.
Published: June 2021

Rickets is an often-neglected, painful, and disabling childhood condition of impaired bone mineralization. In this case series we describe a cluster of 29 children with severe, painful bone deformities who live in the very remote region of Nagaland in northwest Myanmar. Children were found to have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D, elevated parathyroid hormone, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, consistent with nutritional rickets secondary to vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, or a combination of the two. After treatment with vitamin D3 and calcium carbonate, significant improvement was seen in symptoms, biochemistry, and radiography. This is the first report of nutritional rickets in Myanmar in more than 120 years. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and food fortification for pregnant women and young children may be required to prevent this potentially devastating disease.