bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Healthy Individuals: Reference Values and Predictors From 2 Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Klukowska Anita M. , Staartjes Victor E. , Vandertop W. Peter , Schröder Marc L.
Published: December 2021

Objective: The 5-repetition-sit-to-stand (5R-STS) test is an objective test of functional impairment- commonly used in various diseases, including lumbar degenerative disc diseases. It is used to measure the severity of disease and to monitor recovery. We aimed to evaluate reference values for the test, as well as factors predicting 5R-STS performance in healthy adults.Methods: Healthy adults ( > 18 years of age) were recruited, and their 5R-STS time was measured. Their age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, work situation and EuroQOL-5D Healthy & Anxiety category were recorded. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of 5R-STS performance.Results: We included 172 individuals with mean age of 39.4 ± 14.1 years and mean BMI of 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2. Females constituted 57%. Average 5R-STS time was 6.21 ± 1.92 seconds, with an upper limit of normal of 12.39 seconds. In a multivariable model, age (regression coefficient [RC], 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05/0.09; p < 0.001), male sex (RC, -0.87; 95% CI, -1.50 to -0.23; p = 0.008), BMI (RC, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.10–0.71; p = 0.010), height (RC, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.22; p = 0.006), and houseworker status (RC, -1.62; 95% CI, -2.93 to -0.32; p = 0.016) were significantly associated with 5R-STS time. Anxiety and depression did not influence performance significantly (RC, 0.82; 95% CI, -0.14 to 1.77; p = 0.097).Conclusion: The presented reference values can be applied as normative data for 5R-STS in healthy adults, and are necessary to judge what constitutes abnormal performance. We identified several significant factors associated with 5R-STS performance that may be used to calculate individualized expected test times.
PREDICTORS OF DECREASED SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Shiraishi N. , Suzuki Y. , Hirose T. , Jeong S. , Shimada T. , Okada K. , Kuzuya M.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To date, the actual prevalence of Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss by rigorous definition and its related factors have not been sufficiently surveyed in the community. We therefore examined the factors related to the reductions of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in older adults. Design: Case-control study. Subjects: One hundred twenty four community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years participated. Measurements: Reductions of SMM were assessed by measuring difference between SMM at baseline and SMM 1 year later, by which participants were divided into three groups. Variables of the first tertile group, who had the greatest decrease in SMM, were compared with those of the second/third tertile groups. Variables included hight, weight, body mass index (BMI), maximal knee extension strength, grip strength, lower and upper muscle quality (UMQ), 5-m walking time (WT), timed up and go (TUG), food frequency questionnaire, mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF), basic health checklist. A logistic regression analysis and classification and regression trees (CART) were used for multivariate analysis in order to extract variables that predicted reductions of SMM. Results: Significant differences were observed for age, SMM, UMQ, TUG, and WT between the first tertile and the second/third tertile groups, The CART analysis indicated that vitamin D intake UMQ and 5-m WT predicted significant decrease in SMM. Conclusion: The present study suggested a possibility that future reductions of SMM could be predicted by simple indices that may contribute to early detection of individuals at risk of developing sarcopenia in old age.
THE IMPACT OF FOOT AND NAIL CONDITION ON FALLING, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ELDERLY IN ACUTE HOSPITAL SETTINGS
Authors: Rokkaku R. , Kaneko S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between in-patient foot and nail condition and their falling. The purpose is to determine if a nursing intervention can reduce the risk of falling in the acute hospital setting. We found that the group of those had fallen significantly suffered from abnormalities of their feet and/or nail. It became especially clear that falling was related to tinea, excessive keratin, and excessively long nails. Also, there were few nurses who were aware that foot and nail condition are a risk factor of falling. Relatedly, their concern for the condition of patients’ feet and nails was low. We recommend that nurses and patients improve the condition of feet and nails to reduce falling by the elderly in an acute hospital setting. In addition, we conclude that foot care enhances the lower extremities’ physiological functions.
NUTRITIONAL FOLLOW-UP AFTER DISCHARGE OF MALNOURISHED GERIATRIC PATIENTS - DESIGN OF A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Pedersen J. L. , Pedersen P.U. , Damsgaard E.M.
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of two nutritional follow-up intervention methods: home visit and telephone follow-up, on ADL, physical function, quality of life, readmission, and mortality, and compare the interventions with no followup. This article describes the considerations behind the study design. Design: The study is a randomized clinical study. The randomization allocated participants to one of three groups: ‘home visit’, ‘telephone consultation’, or ‘control’. Setting: Participants were recruited from two geriatric wards between May 2011 and October 2013. The follow-up period fell eight weeks after discharge from hospital. Participants: Inclusion: Malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, 75+ years and older, home-dwelling, and living alone. Exclusion: Terminal illness, cognitive impairment, and nursing home resident. Intervention: Nutritional counselling after hospital discharge, based on individual nutritional needs identified during admission, and tailored to the individual’s preferences and situation. The intervention was performed by a clinical dietician, and included the patient’s daily home carer. The intervention took place 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after discharge, either as face-to-face counselling in the patients’ homes (home visit group), or via telephone (telephone consultation group). The control group received no followup after discharge. Measurements: Primary outcome is a change in ADL (Barthel-100), while secondary outcomes include other physical measurements (handgrip strength, 30-sec. chair stand test, CAS), quality of life and depression measurements (SF-36, Depression List, Geriatric Depression Score), and Avlund mobility-tiredness score. Other secondary outcome measures are readmission, and mortality rates at 30 and 90 days post-discharge. Conclusion: This randomized clinical trial will evaluate and compare two approaches to nutritional follow-up after discharge from hospital with no follow-up. It is expected that these interventions will prevent deterioration in physical function, which is significant in preventing further deterioration of physical, mental, and social functions, and reduce hospital readmissions and mortality.
IMPACT ON DIET QUALITY AND RESILIENCE IN URBAN COMMUNITY DWELLING OBESE WOMEN WITH A NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION
Authors: Taetzsch A. , Quintanilla D. , Maris S. , Letendre J. , Mahler L. , Xu F. , Delmonico M.J. , Lofgren I.E.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To examine the effect of a Tai Chi, resistance training, and behaviorally-based diet education intervention on dietary quality as well as resilience and physical resilience in obese older women. Design: Community health outreach with a quasi-experimental design. Setting: An urban senior center in Rhode Island. Participants: Thirty-three women, 85% were minorities, with mean age of 65±8.2 years and BMI of 37.3±4.6 kg/m2, were enrolled in the study at baseline however only 17 women in the intervention (EXD) group and 9 women in the wait-list control (CON) group completed the study. Measurement: Dietary quality and nutrition risk were measured using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST), resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale, and physical resilience was examined using the Physical Resilience Scale. Intervention: Participants in the EXD group engaged in 12 weeks of Tai Chi, resistance training, and behaviorally-based diet education. The diet education was based off of the modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and led by a Registered Dietitian. Results: There was no change in dietary quality by group or time. However the EXD group had significantly higher dietary quality compared to the control group (p=0.025) at post intervention, although there was no difference in nutrition risk category. There was no change seen in overall resilience, however the EXD group improved physical resilience (p=0.048). Conclusion: A community health outreach that involved Tai Chi, resistance training, and behaviorally-based diet education may promote higher dietary quality as well as improve physical resilience in obese older women.
ALZHEIMER’S COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT CAN BE CURED BY DECREASING BLOOD HOMOCYSTEIC ACID
Authors: Hasegawa T. , Uchida T. , Chanoki A.
Published: December 2021

Recent big two clinical trials of amyloid beta treatment for Alzheimer’s disease are all failed to recover the cognitive impairment, it has forced us to reconsider the central hypothesis of amyloid pathogen for Alzheimer’s disease. We recently published that human Alzheimer’s patients showed the strong relationship between Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and blood homocysteic acid (HA) level. However this relationship did not show the pathogenic action of HA. So we investigated the pathogenic effect of blood HA on MMSE score, that is, how does blood HA level change affect MMSE score? 6 AD patients (all female: age 77, 82, 86,87, 91, 91) were given green tea powder 1g at every meal for 2 months. Their blood HA level and MMSE score were measured before and after taking green tea powder. The relationship between blood HA level change and MMSE score change was investigated. The strong statistically significant negative relationship between blood HA level change and MMSE score change: r=-0.96, p=0.00018, n=6. From our observation, it shows that blood HA level change induced MMSE score change, that is, Alzheimer’s cognitive ability was controlled by blood HA level. Now we can present that some healthy food, that is named HBF, can recovered 100% Alzheimer’s cognitive impairment by the decreasing the homocysteic acid in a peripheral blood. We made the open-trial of HBF on the Alzheimer’s and lewy bodies dementia’s cognitive recovery. Two male lewy bodies dementia patients, 11 female Alzheimer’s patients were enrolled. All patients were at end stage. They ingested HBF supplement 1.5g at every meals for 1-2 months. Their MMSE scores were measured before and after their HBF ingestion. Their blood homocysteic acid levels were measured by ELISA method before and after their ingestions. Results were extremely amaging. 100% of all patients showed their cognitive recovery. Their blood homocysteic acid decreased their level by HBF. Now we have made a relative large open trial of AD patients. 91 patients were enrolled. Their cognitive recovery were measured by NM scale (New Clinical Scale for Rating of Mental States). All patients who took HBF showed the recovery of their behaviors. From this open-trial of HBF, many facts can be confirmed. (1) Alzheimer’s cognitive impairment can be recovered at even end stage. (2) Alzheimer’s disease is induced by homocysteic acid.
ASSESSING PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF A PREOPERATIVE SCREEN TO IDENTIFY OLDER ADULTS AT RISK FOR DELIRIUM FOLLOWING ELECTIVE ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Vanderbilt A. , Barsoum W.K. , Kumar A. , Capone L. , Szubski C.R. , Messinger-Rapport B.J.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Post-surgical nursing interventions can reduce but not eliminate the risk of delirium. A preoperative screen for delirium risk which discriminates between those persons at lower versus higher risk of delirium may help future research efforts develop a subject pool for intensive interventions to reduce delirium incidence. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of a previously developed and tested delirium screening tool, the Cleveland Clinic Confusion Score (CCCS), to predict delirium in a select population. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting/Participants: Convenience sample of 111 adults aged 50 years or older presenting to a preoperative orthopedic clinic. Intervention: We integrated the CCCS into the preoperative evaluation for elective hip and knee surgery. Postoperatively, clinical care nurses screened patients for delirium twice daily using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Research nurses gathered additional data regarding postoperative confusion from the chart and family after discharge. Measurements: Primary outcome was the predictive value of the CCCS for delirium. Results: Of the 111 subjects, a positive preoperative CCCS screen was recorded in 31 individuals (27.9%) and postoperative delirium was identified in 12 individuals (10.8%). CCCS assessment in this population had a positive predictive value of 29% and a negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusion: When a delirium screening tool is incorporated into the preoperative process and coupled with a nursing tool for delirium detection, clinicians can identify a subset of older elective orthopedic surgery patients unlikely to develop postoperative delirium. Preoperative delirium screening may help clinicians focus perioperative interventions on higher risk individuals to further reduce delirium risk beyond current, postoperative nursing interventions.
A Multi-Center Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Toxicity of Nanoxel®-M in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Gwak Geumhee , Chung Minsung , Kim Tae Hyun , Park Inseok , Kim Jungbin , Um Eunhae , Lee Anbok , Kim Jae Il
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Nanoxel®-M is a low-molecular-weight, non-toxic, biodegradable, docetaxel-loaded methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (D,L-lactide) (mPEG-PDLLA) micellar formulation. We conducted a multicenter trial to evaluate the safety and toxicity of Nanoxel®-M and the quality of life (QoL) of Korean breast cancer patients treated with this formulation.Methods: Patients received adjuvant Nanoxel®-M with a schedule comprising four alternating cycles of doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide, followed by either Nanoxel®-M or Nanoxel®-M with cyclophosphamide after surgery for early breast cancer. We analyzed hematological and non-hematological toxicity profiles and alterations in patient QoL using the Korean version of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer core 30-item quality of life questionnaire. Fifty-five operable breast cancer patients with stage II or III disease were enrolled from four centers in Korea.Results: Regarding safety and toxicity profiles, grade 3/4 toxicity presented as anemia in 0.5%, neutropenia in 61.8%, febrile neutropenia in 4.5%, mucositis in 1.4%, and edema in 0.5% of patients during 220 total cycles. However, all-grade thrombocytopenia was not observed among hematological toxicities. No grade 3/4 nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hand foot syndrome, dyspnea, allergic reaction, edema, or peripheral neuropathy were observed. Furthermore, no vehicle-related hypersensitivity reactions occurred when using Nanoxel®-M.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Nanoxel®-M could be used to treat operable breast cancer patients, compare favorably with docetaxel in terms of hypersensitivity reactions and the incidence of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy, and is associated with a similar incidence of febrile neutropenia.
Nipple Adenoma Treated with Nipple Preservation in Young Female Patient: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Lim Soo Young , Yoon Jung Han , Na Yong Min , Ryu Young Jae , Lim Hyo Soon , Lee Ji Shin , Cho Jin Seong , Park Min Ho
Published: December 2021

Adenoma of the nipple is a rare benign type of breast that occurs most often in middle-aged women with nipple discharge, skin erosion in addition to crusting, inflammation, and pain. It can be clinically confused with Paget’s disease or breast cancer precursor lesions, such as ductal carcinoma in situ low grade. The treatment of choice for nipple adenoma is complete excision of the tumor. However in younger women, nipple preservation is required. We present two cases of nipple adenoma that were completely removed with nipple preservation.
MAGNETIC METHODS OF EVALUATING ELASTIC STRESSES IN FERROMAGNETIC STEELS (REVIEW)
Authors: Gorkunov E. S. , Mushnikov A. N.
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the magnetoelastic effects and the existing concepts of the formation of magnetic textures under the action of elastic stresses in ferromagnetic materials. The possibilities of using magnetic parameters to assess the acting stresses in structural steels are shown: the assessment of the value of uniaxial compressive stresses is practically not difficult, however, there is a problem of assessing tensile stresses in low-alloy steels due to the ambiguous dependence of the magnetic characteristics on elastic tensile deformation. Possible reasons for this ambiguity are discussed, and methods for solving this problem using the anisotropy of the coercive force and the parameters of the magnetic rigidity spectra are shown. The possibilities of evaluating the acting stresses in multilayer ferromagnetics based on the field dependences of the differential magnetic permeability are considered. Papers on the study of the influence of complexly stressed states on the magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic materials are discussed.
ACOUSTIC METHOD AND HARDWARE-SOFTWARE COMPLEX OF OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTICS PRE-STAGE STATE OF GAS TURBINES ENGINES BASED ON INVARIANTS RANDOM PROCESS
Authors: Popov A. V. , Romanov A. A.
Published: December 2021

One of the reasons for the early decommissioning of gas turbine engines (before the specified resources and service life are depleted) is the occurrence of unstable operating modes, namely surge. Surge is a violation of the stable operation of gas turbine engines, due to the occurrence of longitudinal self-oscillations of the flow in the entire airgas path of the gas turbine engine, resulting from the loss of dynamic stability of the flow, accompanied by a sharp drop in thrust and powerful vibration that can destroy the engine. An acoustic method for diagnosing the presurge state of gas turbine engines has been developed, based on an assessment of the change in the distribution of the amplitudes of a vibroacoustic signal, which is characterized by the use of an invariant characterizing the normal distribution of random variables, which makes it possible to quickly assess the presurge state regardless of the type, size and history of engine operation, which makes this method universal. The use of the developed acoustic method for determining the presurge state of gas turbine engines makes it possible to avoid the need for noise filtering, which at the present stage of development of presurge condition diagnostics systems based on vibration analysis plays a huge role. To implement the developed acoustic method, a hardware-software complex was created. The antisurge system can be used in automatic mode by installing hazardous and critically dangerous zones in the program for informative parameters and invariants characterizing the occurrence of surge.
ULTRASOUND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BY LINEAR ARRAYS WITH USED THROUGH TRANSMISSION TESTING METHOD
Authors: Soldatov A. I. , Chang J. , Kostina M. A. , Soldatov A. A. , Xu Sh.
Published: December 2021

The article describes few view through-transmission ultrasound tomography using linear gratings. Obtaining initial data is based on alternate radiation by each element of the emitting antenna array and simultaneous reception by all elements of the receiving antenna array. This results in a set of shadow images from different angles, the number of which is equal to the number of elements of the radiating array. The tomogram reconstruction process consists in calculating the signal amplitude in each pixel of the monitoring zone as the sum of signals from several sources passing to a specific receiver through this pixel. The defect decreases the signal amplitude at the receiver, which is linearly related to the area of the shadow at the receiver. To assess the magnitude of the signal attenuation, the defect detection coefficient was used, calculated as the ratio of the signal amplitude at the receiver that passed through the defect to the signal amplitude at the receiver in the absence of a defect. The use of a limited set of angles leads to a deterioration in the quality of the tomogram and, as a result, errors appear in the form of lines from emitters to receivers intersecting at the location of the defect. To improve the quality of the tomogram, a Gaussian filter was applied, after which the manifestation of artifacts was reduced, which made it possible to more accurately determine the coordinates and dimensions of the defect. In the article, a model study was carried out and the use of a filter with different parameters was tested on experimental data. The theoretical range of variation of the filter parameters is calculated and the optimal parameters are determined, at which the best tomogram quality is obtained. The simulation results are given for one and two reflectors located in the control zone. The resolving power of the system consisting of receiving and transmitting antenna arrays with 16 elements is determined. The resolution was 12 mm for arrays of circular piezoelectric elements 3 mm thick and 6 mm in diameter with a 10 mm distance between the centers of neighboring piezoelectric elements and 400 mm between the receiving and emitting gratings.
CONSTRUCTION OF OPTICAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR SMALL-SIZE DISTANT LIGHT OBJECTS
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Potapov A. I. , Shirobokov V. V. , Emel'yanov A. V.
Published: December 2021

A mathematical model of the brightness structure of an ensemble of small-sized distant light objects in the plane of a photodetector is presented. The structure and principles of construction of optoelectronic systems for registration of distant and small-sized light objects are considered. A method for constructing of algorithms for determining the parameters of an ensemble of objects of different distances, obtained by an optoelectronic system with a digital camera of the light field, taking into account its characteristic features, is developed. A special experimental stand for the study of objects in distant conditions based on a telescopic system and a digital registrator is presented. The principal possibility of creating a light field correlator is shown. A number of algorithms and functions are described, as well as their capabilities to accurately measure the coordinates and parameters of small-sized light objects. The advantages and disadvantages of algorithms based on the continuous wavelet transform are investigated. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of determining the coordinates, dimensions, and features of small-sized objects by various algorithms is presented. It is shown, that the accuracy of determining the coordinates and parameters of small-sized remote objects by digital cameras of the light field is several times higher than by traditional digital cameras.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CREATING AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF INCOMING CONTROL AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kozlova D. Y. , Denisova Y. V. , Sopin V. F.
Published: December 2021

A key component of the quality management system is the incoming quality control of raw materials, materials and components. The course of the further production process and the quality of manufactured products depend on the correctness of its implementation, the accuracy of compliance with all the necessary procedures. Another important aspect that is inextricably linked with incoming inspection is working with suppliers. In order to minimize costs and increase the effectiveness of actions, it is necessary to establish a stable and well-coordinated work on the supply of raw materials, materials and components. To accomplish this task, the enterprise must develop and approve a methodology for evaluating suppliers, which allows them to conduct a comprehensive analysis, choose the most reliable suppliers with a proven reputation and high performance. The research base is a machine-building enterprise – public joint-stock company “NEFAZ” (PJSC “NEFAZ”). The article identifies problem areas and suggests methods for their improvement. Based on the results of the study, a comprehensive methodology for assessing suppliers has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the rating of the supplier and, depending on this, to establish the type of incoming control. Possible types of effect from the introduction of this technique at the enterprise are considered.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİME DAİR KOMPOZİSYONLARININ İNCELENMESİ: YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DOĞAN Süleyman , ÇELİKTEN Lütfullah
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinin salgın döneminde mecburi katılım sağladıkları uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları ile ilgili algılarını tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, farklı fakültelerde öğrenim gören 34 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim araştırması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanması amacıyla öğrencilerden uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili görüşlerini yansıtan kompozisyonlar yazmaları istenmiş ve veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrenci görüşlerinde 43 farklı koda ulaşılmış ve bu kodlar 19 kategori ve 4 tema altında toplanmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, öğrenciler uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarını erişilebilirlik bağlamında avantajlı bulmakta ve interaktif katılımlı derslerin daha verimli olduğunu düşünmektedirler. Öğrenciler uzaktan eğitimin mesleki/uygulamalı dersler ve ölçme-değerlendirme çalışmaları açısından çeşitli dezavantajlara sahip olduğunu ifade etmektedirler. Öğrenciler uygulama sürecinde teknik, disiplin, sağlık ve sosyal yoksunluk kategorilerinde çeşitli sorunlar yaşamışlardır. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşlerinin tutumlarından ve bazı karakteristik özelliklerinden etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin çoğunluğu uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının yaygınlaşacağına inanmakta ve uygulamalarda karma modeli öneri olarak sunmaktadırlar.
KADINLARIN OMUZLARINDAKİ AĞIR YÜK: “GÜZELLİK”
Authors: KURTDAŞ Emine Meliha
Published: December 2021

Beden, kültür tarafından üretilen, kullanılan ve denetlenen sosyal bir olgudur. Benliğin ve kimliğin bir parçası olduğu kadar, bireyin toplumsal konumunun da temel belirleyicilerinden biridir. Kadın ve erkeğin toplumsal konumunu ve rollerini belirlemede de önemli bir faktördür. Ancak bedene yüklenen anlamda erkek ve kadın arasında bir ayrım söz konusudur. Bu ayrımların başında “güzellik” olgusu gelir. “Güzellik”, hemen her kültürde kadını tanımlamada kullanılan temel ölçütlerden biri olmuştur. Ancak kadını tanımlamada kullanılan güzellik olgusunun anlamı ve önemi zamana ve topluma bağlı olarak da değişmektedir. Örneğin Batı’da modernizmle birlikte fiziksel güzelliğe verilen önemin artması ve güzelliğe ilişkin bir standart yaratılması, kadınlar için güzelliği ulaşılması gereken bir hedef ve aynı zamanda bir problem haline getirmiştir. Güzelliğin kadınlar için mutlak bir buyruk olduğu ve kadın üzerinde baskı yarattığı savından yola çıkan bu çalışma, çalışan kadınların güzellik algısını ve güzel olmanın üzerlerinde yarattığı baskıyı ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nitel desenli bir alan araştırması olup, veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme tekniğini kullanmıştır.
SOSYAL BİR OLGU OLARAK "KUMALIK"
Authors: AYHAN Aysel , YAMAN Ömer Miraç
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, resmî nikâhlı evli bir erkekle dinî nikâh ile evlenmiş olan -toplumda geleneksel kullanılış biçimiyle- kuma kadınların yaşadıkları psikososyal sorunların tespiti ve aile ilişkilerinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla İstanbul’da yaşayan 20 kuma kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; erkeklerin cinselliğe ilişkin ataerkil tutumları, toplumdaki statülerini artırma ve erkek çocuk sahibi olma istekleri gibi unsurların kumalığın nedenlerinden olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların ataerkil yapıya sahip bir ailede yetiştikleri; aile içi şiddet, kumar ve alkol bağımlılığı gibi sorunlar yaşadıkları ve bu sorunların doğrudan veya dolaylı bir biçimde eş seçimlerini etkilediği görülmüştür. Gerçekleştirdikleri evliliklerden dolayı aileleri ve sosyal çevreleri tarafından etiketlenme ve sosyal dışlanmaya maruz kalan katılımcılar psikososyal ve ekonomik sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bu sonuç bağlamında çok kadınlı evlilik gerçekleştiren kadınlara eğitim ve danışmanlık konularıyla ilgili çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir.
Economic Development ‘Trapped’ in Economic Growth: The Case of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Minakir Pavel
Published: December 2021

We discuss the issue arising from the stalling of the new economic policy implemented in the Russian Far East in the context of the dichotomy between economic development and economic growth. We consider the actual difference in the economic content of these two components of the objective function of regional economic dynamics. It is demonstrated that the difference in the internal content of these two components determines, in turn, the difference in economic policy itself and determines the fact that such economic policy itself is internally contradictory. We argue that the order of ‘steps’, through which the regional economic policy is implemented, plays the key role and the final result is determined directly and clearly by the way the order of objectives set in the objective function: ‘growth and development’ or ‘development and growth’. Three waves of economic dynamics of the Far East over a 150-year period are demonstrated, and a question of whether it is possible to move on to the fourth wave is raised. We also assess the most likely outcomes of the current policy which are exaggerated development of the resource sector, stalling of the growth of endogenous aggregate demand and the inability to switch to endogenous growth, the dominance of the parameters of external and national growth over the parameters of economic growth in the region, and stagnation of the parameters of economic development in the region. We determine the main reason for the discussed outcomes: the gap between the resources that should generate development and growth, and the demand that should accumulate these resources and transform them into development results that must eventually become the basis of economic growth
Spatial Markets in a National Framework: Measurement Issues
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dzhurka Natalya ,   Institute of Economics RAS
Published: December 2021

When we consider the national economic space as a system of regional markets, there arises a question about the strength of the bonds between the elements of this system, and the magnitude of the system effects. The article is dedicated to studying this issue in the context of measurement capabilities. It is shown that the tools designed to study the connectivity of the national economic space should, firstly, be sensitive to the ‘shift’ of the geographical borders of the markets from the borders that have been formally established (i.e., be focused on studying the phenomena of economic activity delocalization) and, secondly, contain algorithms for matching connectivity estimates at different levels of the hierarchy of the markets system. The author describes three approaches to modeling the bonds between regional markets. These approaches differ by the criterion of integration of economic space. According to the first approach the criterion of integration is the implementation of the law of one price, the second approach uses the presence of spatial externalities, and the third one uses the presence of system effects as such criterion. It is found that the third approach has the greatest potential, both in terms of studying the channels of spatial diffusion of economic impulses from one market to another, and in terms of taking into account the hierarchy of space. The author examines the possibilities of assessing the connectivity of the national economic space as a whole on the basis of aggregated measures of system effects. There are three types of effects that are built on the basis of interregional input-output tables in order to study the emergent properties of the system of regional markets: spillover effects, feedback effects and coalition effects. The author defines the relationship between these effects. It is shown that the coalition effects are a universal measure, because, firstly, they take into account both the spillover effects and the feedback effects, and secondly, they can be estimated without changing the basic assumptions of calculations at different levels of the hierarchy of the regional markets system. Within the framework of the third approach, the author proposes a scheme for analyzing the structure of the national economic space, which integrates assessments of interregional interactions and intraregional connectivity
Spatial Diffusion of Digital Innovations: Trends, Problems and Prospects of Empirical Research
Authors:   V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Blanutsa Viktor
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to generalize the world experience of studying the spatial diffusion of digital innovations in order to determine trends in changing priorities, existing problems and possible prospects for empirical research. With the help of the author’s semantic search algorithm, approximately eighty journal articles published in the last twenty years were found in eight bibliographic databases. The use of a moving average and biproportional indices for quantitative analysis of the array of articles revealed four upward trends: an increase in the average annual number of publications on the subject under consideration, increased attention to the deployment of broadband communications, the impact of spatial diffusion on economic growth and the use of regions as territorial units for studying diffusion processes. An informal analysis of the articles led to the identification of five key problems of modern research: a significant discrepancy between the year of publication and the last year of the process under study, analysis of a limited number of digital innovations, lack of a comprehensive understanding of the joint spatial diffusion of several innovations, the dominance of the idea of the homogeneity for the initial territorial units and the unexplored system of factors contributing to or hindering the spread of digital innovations. Comparing the existing experience of studying the spatial diffusion of digital innovations with similar studies of other types of innovations allowed identifying five promising areas for further research: the use of big data; expanding the set of models used with the subsequent creation of a system of methods; the study of hierarchical, network and other methods of spatial diffusion; the definition of spatial innovation waves with an explanation of the reasons for the formation of territorial barriers and filters; creation of a theory of the spatiotemporal spread of digital innovations based on the generalization of empirical research. The necessity of determining the scope of application of the results obtained in diffusion studies outside of regional economic policy is noted
On the Matter of Appraisal of Public Policy Towards the Development of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Federal Autonomous Scientific Institution ‘Eastern State Planning Center’, Gulidov Ruslan
Published: December 2021

A brief overview of the evolution of the new public policy for the development of the Russian Far East is presented. Thanks to active federal policy, the Far East macroregion became a testing ground for new mechanisms and instruments of regional development aimed at stimulating economic growth and promoting private investment. Currently, there is no other macroregion in Russia within which all the possible investment promotion policy tools and measures are in operation. An inventory of budget expenditures (including shortfalls in income) relating to the implementation of measures to stimulate economic growth and promote private investments in the Far East of Russia is conducted. The direct results of the implemented policy (the volume of attracted investments, the number of jobs created, the volume of tax payments) are summarized. Although it is still premature to talk about the high budgetary efficiency of preferential regimes in the Far East of Russia, there is a widespread opinion among the official circles about the uniqueness of the created system for supporting the investment process. This view is primarily based on the high value of the private to public investments ratio pertaining to preferential regimes in Russia’s Far East. A comparative analysis of the performance of the key macro-indicators of the Far East economy and those of the rest of the Russian Federation is carried out for two comparable periods: five years before and five years from the beginning of the implementation of the federal policy. It is concluded that the active policy of creating favourable conditions for investment in the Russian Far East is not yet transformed into the desired pace of the socio-economic dynamics. Such a dissonance with optimistic assessments of the implemented measures and instruments introduced for the development of the macroregion prompts the question of whether the goals of public policy for the development of the Far East are consistent with the means used to achieve them. The starting point for finding an answer to this question is the difference in understanding the content of the categories ‘growth’ and ‘development’
Effect of the Laser Surface Treatment on Properties of the Alloy (Ni-Cu-V) Nanoparticles Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Abdullah Omar Fadhil , Hussein Orass Abdulhadi , Aswad Tahseen Ali
Published: December 2021

In this research, an alloy with a nanostructure was prepared using a metallurgical technique. To prepare an ideal alloy, three nanoscale powders were used (70 percent Ni, 25 percent Cu, and 5 percent V). The dried alloy was stored under 8 Tons of cold pressing at 80°C for 30 minutes. After that, a surface treatment of the prepared alloys with different laser energies (0, 200, 260, 300) mJ was carried out with a pulse time (10 seconds) at a distance of (100 cm). and hardness (Rockwell method) is studied. By immersing samples in a solution (3.5 percent NaCl) for different periods (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) days, the effect of laser surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the alloy was investigated. Results show that porosity, water absorption ratio decreases after laser surface treatment with rising hardness values. Additionally, the wear resistance decreases as laser energy increases. Atomic force microscope images show that grain sizes increase as laser energy increases, and by increasing the laser energy, the surface of the nanoparticles is more homogeneous. Easy architecture and high nanostructure alloy consistency play a key role in improving the mechanical and physical properties.
Investigating the Effect of Tic Coating Layer on the Surface Roughness of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Using Taguchi Design
Authors: Mashhadani Zuhair I. Al , Ali Muneam Hussein
Published: December 2021

In this study, external longitudinal turning operation was performed on (AISI 1020) steel to examine the influences of coating of the cutting tool on the machined surface roughness. The cutting tools used were coated and uncoated cemented carbide inserts. The tests are performed at four spindle speeds (80, 315, 500, and 800) rpm, at each of which two feed rates (0.2 and 0.5mm/rev) and two depth of cut (0.5 and 0.7mm) were used. Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) with a designed mathematical predictive model was used to investigate the effect of the coating layer and determine the machining conditions for minimum surface roughness. Accordingly, a suitable mixed orthogonal array L16 (3*4) was selected. The results showed that the surface roughness produced by using TiC coated inserts for identical machining conditions was lower than that produced due to uncoated tool by 41% to 53%. Regression analysis showed that the non-linear quadratic polynomial equation appears to be more suitable for representing the relation of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut with the surface roughness. Taguchi method and the designed mathematical model had been used to predict the optimal cutting conditions. A confirmation test for the obtained results verified that the designed Taguchi experiments and the designed model successfully investigated the effect of the coating on the surface roughness. Data fit ver.9 and Mtb14 software had been employed to achieve the object of the presented work.
Alam Adalah Keluarga: Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Ekologis Dalam Ritual Nahunan Suku Dayak Ngaju
Authors: Cambah Tahan Mentria
Published: December 2021

Krisis ekologi sudah sangat mengancam kehidupan. Berbagai bencana dan penderitaan melanda dunia. Namun, krisis ekologi masih terjadi. Oleh sebab itu, krisis ekologi mesti diatasi dengan berbagai cara. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggali berbagai potensi kearifan lokal yang ada di wilayah setempat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam ritual nahunan yang biasanya dilakukan oleh suku Dayak Ngaju tidak hanya sekedar upacara rutin, tetapi terdapat nilai-nilai ekologis yang dapat menyadarkan masyarakat, khususnya orang Dayak Ngaju bahwa mereka harus ikut terlibat dalam mengatasi krisis ekologis yang sedang terjadi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif kepustakaan yakni menggali berbagai sumber yang relevan untuk membahas topik dan mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan, kemudian akan digali internalisasi nilai yang terdapat dalam ritual nahunan tersebut. Dalam ritual nahunan ditemukan nilai-nilai ekologis yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat internalisasi konsep bahwa alam adalah keluarga. Konsep tersebut dapat mendukung pemeliharaan lingkungan hidup melalui ritual nahunan Suku Dayak Ngaju. Konsep tersebut dapat dikembangkan untuk mendorong kepedulian masyarakat dalam memelihara lingkungan hidup. Konsep tersebut adalah berupa nilai-nilai yang menganggap alam sebagai keluarga bagi manusia.ABSTRACTThe ecological crisis is already very life-threatening. Various disasters and suffering have hit the world. However, the ecological crisis is still occurring. Therefore, the ecological crisis must be overcome in various ways. One way that can be done is to explore the potential of local wisdom in the local area. This paper aims to show that the nahunan ritual, which is usually carried out by the Ngaju Dayak tribe, is not just a routine ceremony. However, ecological values can make people aware, especially the Ngaju Dayak people, that they must be involved in overcoming the ecological crisis. This paper uses a qualitative literature method to explore various relevant sources to discuss the topic and obtain the data needed. Then, the internalization of the values contained in the nahunan ritual will be explored. In the nahunan ritual, ecological values are found, which indicate an internalization of the concept of nature as family and can be encouraged through environmental preservation in the nahunan ritual of the Ngaju Dayak Tribe. This concept can be developed to encourage public awareness of preserving the environment. The concept is expressed in the form of values that involve nature as a family for humans.
Pengaruh Penerapan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (Diklat) Online serta Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Penunjang Medis
Authors: Setiawati Agustina Ni Made , P.V.L Suandari , Z.F Wardhana
Published: December 2021

Hospital nowadays is demanded to be able to give a good, qualified, and as standard service to the society such as medical supporting service, training and education program application and working motivation which is one of the factors that can improve the performance of medical supporting employee in the hospital because the optimal performance of medical supporting employee is needed by the hospital a lot. This research aims to know about the effect of online training and education program application and also working motivation to performance of medical supporting employee in BaliMed hospital Denpasar. This research used quantitative approach. The sample taking technique in this research used proportional random sampling. The instrument of this research used questionnaire, the data analysis test that was used to solve the problem in this research was multiple line regression test. Based on the data analysis result, it is obtained that online training and education program application and working motivation have significant positive effect to the performance of medical supporting employee with the tcount of online training and education program application 4,568 and working motivation with the tcount 4,416 and also determination data 0,571 or 57,1% and the significance score 0,000 with α = 5 % (0,000 < 0,05), so the variable of training and education program and working motivation have significant and positive effect to the performance of medical supporting employees in BaliMed hospital Denpasar.
The SALT and START Triage System for Classifying Patient Acuity Level: A Systematic Review
Authors: Purwadi Hendri , Breaden Katrina , McCloud Christine , Pranata Satriya
Published: December 2021

Background: Two common triage systems have been widely used in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and disaster situations, namely START (simple triage algorithm and rapid treatment) and SALT (sort, assess, lifesaving, intervention, and treatment/transport). There is currently controversy regarding the effectiveness of SALT over the START triage system.Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the accuracy of the SALT and START triage systems in disaster and MCI settings.Methods: The literature was searched using a systematic search strategy for articles published from 2009 to 2020 in the Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest databases, and the grey literature. This review included simulation-based and medical record-based studies investigating the accuracy and applicability of the SALT and START triage systems in adult and child populations during MCIs and disasters. All types of studies were included. The PRISMA flowchart was used to retain the articles, and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the reviewed studies.Results: Of 1,450 articles identified in the search, 10 articles were included. It was found that the START triage system had a wide range and inconsistent levels of accuracy (44% to 94.2%) compared to the SALT triage system (70% to 83%). The under-triage error of the START triage system ranged from 2.73% to 20%, which was slightly lower than the SALT triage system (7.6% to 23.3%). The over-triage error of the START triage system (2% to 53%) was slightly higher than the SALT triage system (2% to 22%). However, the time taken to apply START triage system (70 to 72.18 seconds) was faster than for the SALT triage system (78 seconds).Conclusion: The START triage system was simpler and faster than SALT. Conversely, the SALT triage system appeared to be slightly more accurate, more consistent, and had a lower rate of under- and over-triage error than START. It appears that neither the SALT nor the START triage system is superior to the other. Further research is needed to establish the most appropriate disaster and MCI triage system, especially for the Indonesian context.