bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving AlphaFold predicted contacts inalpha-helical transmembrane proteins structuresusing structural features
Authors: Sawhney Aman , Li Jiefu , Liao Li
Published: October 2023

Background: Residue contacts maps offer a 2-d reduced representation of 3-dprotein structures and constitute a structural constraint and scaffold in structuralmodeling. In addition, contact maps are also an effective tool in identifying interhelicalbinding sites and drawing insights about protein function. While mostworks predict contact maps using features derived from sequences, we believeinformation from known structures can be leveraged for a prediction improvementin unknown structures where decent approximate structures such as onespredicted by AlphaFold2 are available.
Results: Alphafold2’s predicted structures are found to be quite accurate atinter-helical residue contact prediction task, achieving 83% average precision. Weadopt an unconventional approach, using features extracted from atomic structuresin the neighborhood of a residue pair and use them to predicting residuecontact. We trained on features derived from experimentally determined structuresand predicted on features derived from AlphaFold2’s predicted structures.Our results demonstrate a remarkable improvement over AlphaFold2 achievingover 91.9% average precision for held-out and over 89.5% average precision incross validation experiments.
Conclusion: Training on features generated from experimentally determinedstructures, we were able to leverage knowledge from known structures to significantlyimprove the contacts predicted using AlphaFold2 structures. Wedemonstrated that using coordinates directly (instead of the proposed features)does not lead to an improvement in contact prediction performance.
DeepEAG: An edge-powered graph neural network using SMILES augmentation for cancer drug response prediction
Authors: Lao Chuanqi , Zheng Pengfei , Chen Hongyang , An Feng , Liu Qiao
Published: October 2023

Motivation:: The prediction of cancer drug response is a challenging subject in modern personalized cancer therapy due to the uncertainty of drug efficacy and the heterogeneity of patients. It has been shown that the characteristics of the drug itself and the genomic characteristics of the patient can greatly influence the results of cancer drug response. Therefore, accurate, efficient, and comprehensive methods for drug feature extraction and genomics integration are crucial to improve the prediction accuracy.
Results:: Accurate prediction of cancer drug response is vital for guiding the design of anticancer drugs. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model named DeepEAG which is based on a complete-graph update mode to predict IC50. Specifically, we integrate an edge update mechanism on the basis of a hybrid graph convolutional network to comprehensively learn the potential high-dimensional representation of topological structures in drugs, including atomic characteristics and chemical bond information. Additionally, we present a novel approach for enhancing Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification (SMILES) data by employing sequence recombination to eliminate the defect of single sequence representation of drug molecules. Our extensive experiments show that DeepEAG outperforms other existing methods across multiple evaluation parameters in multiple test sets. Furthermore, we identify several potential anticancer agents, including bortezomib, which has proven to be an effective clinical treatment option. Our results highlight the potential value of DeepEAG in guiding the design of specific cancer treatment regimens.
Learning Subtle Variances on Temporal Sequence with Inception Attention for Skeleton-based Action Recognition
Authors: Lu Jing , Li Zhuo , Li Xiao , Yuan Shaozu , Duan Maomao
Published: October 2023

Graph convolutional network (GCN) has been employed in the task of skeleton-based action recognition with excellent performance. Studies applying GCN on the spatial-temporal graph paid more attention to feature transfer in the sparse spatial space and the capture of the long-term dependence of each spatial node in the time dimension. However, the sequential treatment of spatial and temporal information is inadequate to capture the intimate spatial-temporal dependencies. In addition, the high-resolution temporal information in the spatial-temporal graph has not been explored adequately. For the reasons, we propose to learn subtle variances on temporal sequence based on GCN with Inception Attention for skeleton-based action recognition. To learn the subtle variances of different actions, a self-supervised spatial-temporal graph representation learning is developed, where a spatial-temporal graph is divided into several sub-graphs on the temporal dimension with a random sub-graph shuffled, and the network is asked to predict the shuffled one to learn the subtle variances of different actions. An attention mechanism called Inception Attention is proposed to highlight the cubes of interest in the spatial-temporal graph, where the dependencies are captured along the spatial and temporal space simultaneously. Experiments on three large-scale public datasets, NTU RGB+D 60, NTU RGB+D 120, and Kinetics Skeleton 400 verify the effectiveness of our method.
Application of Fractal Dimension in Erosion Susceptibility Analysis of Geological Formations in Arid Areas, the Yazd-Ardakan Catchment of Iran
Authors: Khoshoui M. Mohammadi , Ekhtesasi M. R. , Talebi A.
Published: October 2023

The study was conducted to determine if the drainage network's fractal dimension could be used to classify the resistance of three geological formations in Iran's Yazd-Ardakan catchment. The study also compared the results of the fractal dimensions method with those of the MPSIAC, Feyznia, and Selby methods. There was a significant difference in the drainage network's mean fractal dimension among the three geological formations, with Taft limestone having the lowest fractal dimension (1.149) and the Kahar shale and sandstone formation having the highest (1.207). The MPSIAC and Feyznia methods classified the Shirkuh granite and Taft limestone formations as resistant, while the Selby method and fractal dimensions of the drainage network classified the Taft limestone formation as resistant and the Shirkuh granite formation as moderate. The fractal dimensions of the drainage network were found to correlate significantly with morphological parameters and geological formation sensitivity. In comparison to more resistant formations, more sensitive geological formations were found to have higher fractal dimensions and significantly different drainage network morphologies. This indicates that lithology plays a significant role in the development of drainage networks. In this study, fractal dimensions were effective in classifying and separating the Kahar sandstone and shale, Taft limestone, and Shirkuh granite formations with 93%, 78%, and 75% probabilities, respectively. The study's findings suggest that fractal analysis is a valuable and cost-effective tool for assessing geological formations' resistance to erosion and environmental factors compared to more time-consuming and expensive methods such as field surveys or laboratory analysis.
Integer group determinants of order 16
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuka , Yamaguchi Naoya
Published: October 2023

Let ${¥rm C}_{n}$ and ${¥rm Q}_{n}$ denote the cyclic group and the generalized quaternion group of order $n$, respectively. We determine all possible values of the integer group determinants of ${¥rm C}_{8} ¥rtimes_{3} {¥rm C}_{2}$ and ${¥rm Q}_{8} ¥rtimes {¥rm C}_{2}$, which are the unresolved groups of order 16 (Serrano, Paudel and Pinner also obtained a complete description of the integer group determinants of ${¥rm Q}_{8} ¥rtimes {¥rm C}_{2}$ independently of this paper and presented it a few days earlier than this paper). Also, we give a diagram of the set inclusion relations between the integer group determinants for all groups of order 16.
Crowd-Certain: Label Aggregation in Crowdsourced and Ensemble Learning Classification
Authors: majdi mohammadsadegh , Rodriguez Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2023

Crowdsourcing systems have been used to accumulate massive amounts of labeled data for applications such as computer vision and natural language processing.
However, because crowdsourced labeling is inherently dynamic and uncertain, developing a technique that can work in most situations is extremely challenging.
In this paper, we introduce Crowd-Certain, a novel approach for label aggregation in crowdsourced and ensemble learning classification tasks that offers improved performance and computational efficiency for different numbers of annotators and a variety of datasets.
The proposed method uses the consistency of the annotators versus a trained classifier to determine a reliability score for each annotator.
Furthermore, Crowd-Certain leverages predicted probabilities, enabling the reuse of trained classifiers on future sample data, thereby eliminating the need for recurrent simulation processes inherent in existing methods.
We extensively evaluated our approach against ten existing techniques across ten different datasets, each labeled by varying numbers of annotators.
The findings demonstrate that Crowd-Certain outperforms the existing methods (Tao, Sheng, KOS, MACE, MajorityVote, MMSR, Wawa, Zero-Based Skill, GLAD, and Dawid Skene), in nearly all scenarios, delivering higher average accuracy, F1 scores, and AUC rates.
Additionally, we introduce a variation of two existing confidence score measurement techniques. Finally we evaluate these two confidence score techniques using two evaluation metrics: Expected Calibration Error (ECE) and Brier Score Loss.
Our results show that Crowd-Certain achieves higher Brier Score, and lower ECE across the majority of the examined datasets, suggesting better calibrated results.
Edge-Aware and Relation Mining Network for RGBT Tracking
Authors: Xiao Xianbing , chen zhen , Meng Fanqin , Liu Jun , Xiong Xingzhong
Published: October 2023

Recently, the fusion tracking of RGB and thermal infrared images (RGBT) hasreceived most research interest. However, existing RGBT tracking algorithmsbased on deep learning mainly perform modality weight allocation to highlighttarget information, but background clutter may limit the improvement of trackingperformance. To solve this problem, we propose a new edge-aware and rela-tion mining network for RGBT tracking. This network takes advantage of thecomplementary advantages of edge information and deep information to makeup for the defect that deep information is susceptible to background interfer-ence. Meanwhile, a cross-modality relation mining module is designed to explorethe node correlation score to highlight target state information and reduce thebackground noise. Also, Transformer is utilized for bidirectional modulation tocapture cross-modality dependencies. Finally, multi-branch supervised learningand decision-level fusion are performed to improve tracking accuracy and suc-cess rate further. Extensive experiments on three publicly available datasets showthat the proposed algorithm performs excellently.
Konseling Pastoral dan Seni Berkomunikasi
Authors: Hehanussa Jozef Mepibozef Nelsun
Published: October 2023

AbstractPastoral counseling is an important part of church life. Pastoral counseling does not solely focus on overcoming problems and finding ways to overcome these problems, but also on the relationship between the counselor and the counselee. There are three contexts that need to be considered in the relationship, namely community life, spiritual relationships or friendships and pastoral conversations.Good communication skills are needed to build and maintain these relationships. Good communication is necessary because pastoral counseling should aim at liberating service. In a modern perspective, counseling ministry is not enough to simply read a passage of the Bible and people start talking to each other. Counseling ministry also needs other approaches that support it, such as medical, psychological, and other approaches. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the importance of communication in pastoral counseling. Communication techniques that support pastoral counseling will be put forward to provide the practical side of this paper. The method used is a qualitative method based on literature study.
AbstrakKonseling pastoral adalah bagian penting dalam kehidupan gereja. Konseling pastoral tidak semata-mata fokus pada upaya mencari jalan keluar untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, tetapi juga pada relasi antara konselor dengan konseli. Ada tiga konteks yang perlu diperhatikan dalam relasi tersebut, yaitu kehidupan komunitas, relasi atau persahabatan spiritual dan percakapan pastoral. Kemampuan berkomunikasi yang baik diperlukan untuk membangun dan menjaga relasi tersebut. Komunikasi yang baik diperlukan karena konseling pastoral harus bertujuan pada pelayanan yang membebaskan. Dalam perspektif modern, pelayanan konseling tidak cukup hanya dengan membaca bagian Alkitab dan orang mulai berbicara satu dengan yang lain. Pelayanan konseling juga membutuhkan pendekatan-pendekatan lain yang mendukungnya, seperti pendekatan medis, psikologi, dan yang lainnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman tentang pentingnya komunikasi dalam konseling pastoral. Teknik berkomunikasi yang mendukung konseling pastoral akan dikemukakan untuk memberikan sisi praktis dari tulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan berbasis pada studi pustaka.
Persistence in the cryptocurrency market: does size matter?
Authors: Plastun Alex , Slіusareva Liudmyla , Sliusarev Dmytro , Smachylo Valentyna , Khomutenko Lyudmila
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the persistence in the cryptocurrency market, focusing on five distinct groups categorized by their market capitalization during the sample period from 2020 to 2023. The study aims to test two hypotheses: (H1) The degree of persistence in the cryptocurrency market is contingent on market capitalization, and (H2) The efficiency of the cryptocurrency market has increased in recent years. The methodology employed for this examination is R/S analysis. The results indicate that the cryptocurrency market maintains its inefficiency, and no significant variations in persistence are discerned among different cryptocurrency groups, leading to the rejection of H1. Outcomes related to H2 present a nuanced scenario. Specifically, Litecoin and Ripple exhibit supportive evidence for the Adaptive Market Hypothesis, suggesting an improvement in the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market in recent years. A noteworthy revelation pertains to the anomaly observed in Bitcoin. Despite being the most capitalized and liquid cryptocurrency, it demonstrates inefficiency akin to levels observed five years ago. The implications of this study contribute to the comprehension of cryptocurrency market efficiency. The findings challenge the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, favoring instead the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. For practitioners, the results hold significance, providing evidence of price predictability, particularly in the case of Bitcoin. This suggests that trend trading strategies remain viable for generating abnormal profits in the cryptocurrency market.
Acknowledgments Alex Plastun gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0121U100473).
The role of echocardiography in management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (review)
Authors: Taradin G. G. , Ignatenko G. A. , Rakitskaya I. V.
Published: October 2023

The presented contains the discussion about the role of echocardiography in management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The article provides general information about the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of the disease, clarification of the specific etiology of hypertrophy and differential diagnosis with secondary hypertrophy and phenocopies of HCMP. The features of right and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, determination of its predominant localization, phenotype, and conventionally used parameters for assessing myocardial hypertrophy, including the maximum LV wall thickness, LV myocardial mass and LV myocardial mass index, are discussed in detail. Knowledge of phenotypic variants helps to diagnose HCMP, to differentiated approach the management of patients and to choose the optimal treatment strategy. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the structure and function of the mitral valve (MV), the subvalvular apparatus and the phenomenon of systolic anterior motion of the MV responsible for the development of obstruction of the LV outflow tract. The previously existing opinion that cardiac abnormality in HCMP is limited only by hypertrophy of ventricular myocardium has recently undergone changes. Approximately 60% of patients with HCMP have at least one MV anomaly as a direct consequence of genetic mutations. The most common abnormalities that can be detected with echocardiography include elongation of the valvular leaflets and chords, prolapse of the valvular leaflets, hypertrophy, disposition and change in the number of papillary muscles. The importance and significance of assessing LV systolic and diastolic functions using echocardiography is emphasized. The role of transesophageal echocardiography in visualization of hypertrophy features of the MV structure and in the perioperative period during surgical correction of hypertrophied septum and valvular defects is also discussed.
Replenishment of iron deficiency in women before the use of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Solovyeva A. V. , Ermolenko K. S. , Kulumbegova L. T. , Aleynikova E. Yu. , Chegus L. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Anemia is a major health problem worldwide, increasing the risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, stillbirth, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal mortality. Replenishing iron deficiency at the stage of preconceptional preparation reduces the incidence of IDA and can reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications and improve perinatal outcomes.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of ferrous sulfate 80 mg and its potential to replenish iron deficiency in women with infertility before using assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Materials and methods. A prospective clinical longitudinal study was conducted from May to September 2023 at LLC Health Clinic, Moscow. The study included women (n = 34) at the stage of pregnancy planning by IVF with a diagnosed iron deficiency. Iron deficiency was established in accordance with the following criteria: decrease in serum ferritin level less than 30 μg/l, serum iron level less than 15 μmol/l.

Results. After 12 weeks of taking ferrous sulfate, the average hemoglobin level increased from 112.3 ± 6.5 (101–119) g/l to 118.5 ± 6.5 (110–133) g/l (W-Wilcoxon 9300 test, p = 0.003), mean serum iron level from 15.4 ± 4.0 (5.7–22.5) μmol/l to 34.8 ± 7.1 (20.1–46.7) μmol/l (Wilcoxon W test 602.0, p < 0.001), mean ferritin level from 8.2 ± 3.1 (4.5–17.0) μg/ml to 37.6 ± 6.7 (30.6–52.6) μg/ml (Wilcoxon W test 595.0, p < 0.001).

Conclusions. Timely examination of patients for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia at the stage of preconceptional preparation makes it possible to prescribe an effective correction, thereby helping to reduce the risks of complications of pregnancy and childbirth.
Anticoagulant therapy with apixaban based on a pharmacogenetic approach: a course to safety
Authors: Fedina L. V. , Sychev I. N. , Denisenko N. P. , Abdullaev Sh. P. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: October 2023

For the past 60 years, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the main drugs used for long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. Because of the significant limitations of AVCs, direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAKs) have been developed over the past decade. DOAKs have a predictable pharmacokinetic profile and lack the disadvantages of vitamin K antagonists. Apixaban is an oral direct-acting factor Xa inhibitor used for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and deep vein thrombosis. Despite the use of recommended dosages, some patients may still experience bleeding or lack the desired anticoagulant effect. With this in mind, it is critical to explore new uses for direct oral anticoagulants and to predict their dosage when used in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. In addition, recent studies have documented individual variability in plasma POAC levels. DOAC pharmacogenetics is a relatively new area of research. There is a need to understand the role of pharmacogenetics in adapting anticoagulant therapy according to a patient’s genetic characteristics. In this scientific review of current data, we detail the pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of apixaban as well as new data concerning the clinical characteristics that predetermine the necessary dosage and risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Indeed, the results obtained to date from basic and clinical studies certainly indicate an undeniable influence of genomic changes on the pharmacokinetics of POACs.
Complex Post-Traumatic Stress in People with Different Types of Child-Mother Attachment
Authors: Kapustina Tatyana V. , Rodnikova Ekaterina A.
Published: October 2023

Violence affects mental development and health. Childhood traumas trigger a range of different symptoms, which may manifest as a complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). This empirical study focused on the correlation between CPTSD and the type of child-mother attachment. The experiment involved 82 people aged 32–60 y.o., 30 of which were diagnosed with CPTSD while 52 people served as control. Psychological profiling showed that the CPTSD group demonstrated ambivalent and disorganized types of child-mother attachment. However, the Fisher’s ratio test revealed no significant differences for the ambivalent type. Probably, in this case, the negative childhood experience was not traumatic enough to lead to CPTSD. The predominant disorganized type of child-mother attachment formed target points for providing psychological assistance to people with CPTS.
Quality of Life and Social Perception in Patients with Hysterical Neurosis
Authors: Rudenko Svetlana L.
Published: October 2023

Hysterical neurosis affects social perception and, thus, the quality of life. This problem has received only fragmentary scientific attention so far, in spite of the rapid increase in the number of citizens with clinical disabilities, the risk of which is quite high in patients with hysterical neurosis. This article introduces the clinical and socio psychological mechanisms that trigger the rigid patterns of neurotic hysterical personality development, as well as various therapeutic ways to overcome them. The study involved K. K. Yakhin and D. M. Mendelevich’s Questionnaire of Neurotic States, the Quality of Life Questionnaire issued by the World Health Organization, I. Ya. Gurovich and A. B. Shmukler’s Questionnaire for Assessing Social Functioning and Quality of Life of People with Mental Health Issues, N. G. Garanyan’s Emotion Recognition Test, N. S. Kurek’s Pose and Gesture Test, J. P. Guilford and M. O. Sullivan’s Social Intelligence Test adapted by E. S. Mikhailova. The empirical research revealed that the patients had an average level of quality of life because they needed constant psychiatric support and experienced problems at work and in private life. The patients also demonstrated a moderate decrease in social perception. The clinical symptoms prevented them from concentrating on perceptual elements, making them unable to understand the context and anticipate consequences. Their catathymic perception caused uncontrolled projections. However, patients with minimal deficit of social perception and intelligence, being active community members, were able to compare and critically assess their life situation. As a result, they expressed dissatisfaction with their well-being. Their deficient social perception chronicled neurosis; eventually, the patients accepted their clinical status, lowered their claims, and developed an uncritical positive assessment of life. The study revealed a strong feedback between the quality of life and social perception, which may help in psychotherapy and rehabilitation of patients with hysterical neurosis.
Masculinity and Femininity in Social Interaction: An Intergroup Analysis
Authors: Titova Olga I.
Published: October 2023

The system of gender relations, conservative as it may seem, is currently undergoing some major changes. This research addressed the differences in social interaction in groups of people with different levels of masculinity and femininity. It relied on authentic questionnaires of gender attitudes and social interaction for different gender types. Interaction parameters included competition vs. support, hostility vs. sympathy, material vs. non-material priorities, values, control, dependence, and frequency/time of relationships. The results were subjected to ANOVA and T-test (IBM SPSS 27.0). The experiment involved 388 respondents (43% men, 57% women) aged 18–70 y.o. The gender type appeared to affect such aspects of relationships as time, sympathy, competitiveness, forced interaction, dependence on oneself and partner, control, friendly support, and mutual assistance. The largest number of statistically significant features belonged to the interaction between masculine and feminine types. They neither shared the same values nor sympathized with each other, had competitive and unequal relationships, expressed self-dependence, avoided nonmaterial resources, etc. Masculinity and femininity proved to play different roles in the organization of social interaction. The effect of masculinity was more prominent in relationships, making masculine-type people pickier in their choice of partners. The participants with prevailing femininity tended to adapt to their partner’s character profile.
Ambiguity Tolerance as a Component of Life Self-Fulfillment
Authors: Zlobina Marina V. , Krasnoryadtseva Olga M.
Published: October 2023

This article introduces a new view of ambiguity tolerance / intolerance in post-non-classical psychology as a component of life self-fulfillment strategies. After more than seventy years of scientific circulation, ambiguity tolerance still remains a vague term supported by very few empirical data. Since tolerance and intolerance to ambiguity are associated with different psychological modalities, this phenomenon is multidimensional and complex. In this respect, tolerance to ambiguity is much more than a character trait: it is a life strategy. This study approached tolerance to ambiguity as a component of life self-fulfillment strategies. It involved 73 subjects (7 men; 66 women) aged 18–25. The list of psychometric instruments included T. V. Kornilova’s New Ambiguity Tolerance / Intolerance Questionnaire, R. Norton’s Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance (MAT-50), E. V. Bredun’s Temporal Modality of Life Fulfillment, and I. O. Loginova’s method for lifeworld stability studies. The cluster analysis revealed four types of life self-fulfillment strategies: unconstructive, compensatory, contradictory (paradoxical), and constructive (stable). Life self-fulfillment strategies proved to depend on a combination of lifeworld stability, temporal modalities of life self-fulfillment, and tolerance to ambiguity. Since self-fulfillment strategies are unlikely to be limited to the four abovementioned strategies, their range can become a new research perspective.
Coping Behavior in Young People with Different Levels of Ambiguity Tolerance
Authors: Kirilyuk Mark I. , Penyavskaya Anastasia V.
Published: October 2023

In the modern world, the growing uncertainty becomes a challenge for coping behavior as the current global changes bring about adaptive transformations in people. One’s coping strategies depend on one’s attitude towards uncertainty, which expresses itself via the construct of tolerance / intolerance to ambiguity. Coping strategies, in their turn, define the way one’s psychological adaptation unfolds under stress. The research objective was to determine the relationship between the coping pattern and the level of ambiguity tolerance in young people. The study involved 81 people aged 17–39 (22.48 ± 5.34 y.o.). Such coping strategies as accepting responsibility, avoidance, planful problem solving, and positive reassessment demonstrated a correlation between the coping behavior pattern and the ambiguity tolerance. In some cases, the strategy of accepting responsibility lost its adaptive focus. Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were used to describe the relationships between the level of frustration and subjective well-being. The research revealed a strong connection between ambiguity tolerance and frustration, as well as between ambiguity tolerance and subjective well-being. The article also introduces an analysis of self-reports made by the respondents regarding their emotional and subjective assessment of ambiguity tolerance.
Medical Students and Their Attitude to COVID-19 Pandemic and Restrictive Measures: Coping Strategies and Psychological Features
Authors: Yusupov Pavel R. , Mardasova Tatiana A.
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic with its restrictive measures affected the entire education system, causing anxiety and depression in medical students. This research addressed the psychological resources and coping strategies which medical students appealed to during the pandemic. The authors developed a questionnaire to classify various attitudes and coping strategies. High stress and non-constructive coping strategies were typical for students with anxiety and pessimism. The subjects with high anxiety levels that experienced the lockdown measures as severe psychological stress tended to rely on avoidance strategies. They felt high responsibility, lacked relevant information, and assessed their own resources as low. Those with prominent self-efficacy demonstrated an optimistic and more realistic type of perception: they were confident in their ability to cope with the challenges of the pandemic. The subjects with a subjective and optimistic perception believed that they were able to select relevant information on preventive measures and reduce psychological stress.
Study of the relationship between the siltation rate of Algerian dams and the runoff coefficient
Authors: Hadidi Abdelkader , Boualem Remini , Mohamed Habi , Saba Djamel
Published: October 2023

The accumulation of silt in water dams is a natural phenomenon and an acute problem, and every year, about 4,000 tons of soil per square kilometer goes to the dams or the sea through valleys, causing the dams to become saturated with silt or sanding the ports, coinciding with the shrinking of agricultural areas. In general, the siltation of water dams results from a complex process characterized by four successive stages, namely, runoff, erosion, transport, and sedimentation. In this field, many specialists have presented their approach to the problem of sediment transport and erosion, which can affect silt in the area, and therefore, it is important to know the rate of silt before completing the dams. In addition, many factors affect the siltation of dams, such as runoff. In this regard, this article deals with a meta-study of the relationship between the silt rate in Algerian dams and the surface runoff factor. This is to obtain a database that can be used by research professors as well as experts supervising the construction of dams in Algeria.
Murine Malaria Model: Ketoconazole Prevented Malaria while Proguanil and Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine Protected against Malaria-associated
Anemia and Kidney Damage
Authors: Olumide Faniran Samuel , Ademola Ayankunle Akeem , Olusola Ojurongbe , Catherine Adekunle Olutoyin
Published: October 2023

Background::

The concern about the global spread of resistant malaria has made the researchers
not focus only on the treatment of established infections but relatively more on the prevention
of the disease.

Objective::

This study evaluates the chemopreventive activity of ketoconazole in a murine malarial
model.

Method::

Five out of seven groups of mice were pretreated for five days with proguanil (PRG), sulfadoxine/
pyrimethamine (SP), 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of ketoconazole (KET10,
KET20, and KET40), before being infected (on the sixth day) with Plasmodium berghei. Two other
groups were infected-not-treated (INT) and not-infected-nor-treated (NINT). At 72 hours postinfection,
five out of ten mice in each group were sacrificed to assess parasitemia, chemoprevention,
hematologic, hepatic, and renal parameters. The remaining mice were observed for 28 days to determine
their mean survival day post-infection (SDPI).

Results::

All ketoconazole groups, except KET10, demonstrated 100% chemoprevention and significantly
higher mean SDPI (p<0.001) in relation to INT (negative control). There was no significant
difference in the mean SDPI observed in KET20 in relation to PRG or NINT (healthy control). A
dose-related increase (p<0.01) in the mean plasma urea was observed when ketoconazole groups
were compared to one another: KET10 versus KET20 (p<0.01) and KET20 versus KET40 (p<0.01).
Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine demonstrated significantly reduced mean plasma urea (p<0.001) and
creatinine (p<0.05) in relation to INT and NINT, respectively. While PRG demonstrated significantly
higher mean red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in relation to INT.

Conclusion::

Ketoconazole possesses prophylactic antimalarial activity with associated dose-related
renal impairment. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine demonstrated renoprotective potentials, while PRG
prevented malaria-associated anemia.
Gentiopicroside Ameliorated Ductular Reaction and Inflammatory Response in
DDC-induced Murine Cholangiopathies Model
Authors: Hao Juan , Xu Yi , Lu Kan , Chen Yiyue , Liu Jibo , Shao Xiaohong , Zhu Chunling , Ding Yaqin , Xie Xin , Wu Jian , Yang Quanjun
Published: October 2023

Background::

Cholangiopathies comprise a spectrum of diseases without curative treatments. Pharmacological treatments based on bile acid (BA) metabolism
regulation represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cholangiopathies. Gentiopicroside (GPS), derived from the Chinese
medicinal herb Gentianae Radix, exerts pharmacological effects on bile acid metabolism regulation and oxidative stress.

Objective::

The present study aims to investigate the effect of GPS on 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholangiopathy.

Methods::

Two independent animal experiments were designed to evaluate the comprehensive effect of GPS on chronic DDC diet-induced cholangiopathy,
including bile duct obliteration, ductular reaction, BA metabolism reprogramming, liver fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Results::

In the first pharmacological experiment, three doses of GPS (5, 25 and 125 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into mice fed a DDC diet for 14
days. DDC induced a typical ductular reaction, increased periductal fibrosis and mixed inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal areas. GPS
treatment showed dose-dependent improvements in the ductular reaction, BA metabolism, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In
the second experiment, a high dose of GPS was injected intraperitoneally into control mice for 28 days, resulting in no obvious histologic changes
and significant serologic abnormalities in liver function. However, GPS inhibited DDC-induced oxidative stress, serum and hepatic BA
accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and immunocyte infiltration. Specifically, the GPS-treated groups showed decreased
infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as preserved Kupffer cells.

Conclusion::

GPS alleviated chronic DDC diet-induced cholangiopathy disorder by improving the ductular reaction, periductal fibrosis, oxidative stress and
inflammatory response. Its dosage-dependent pharmacological effects indicated that GPS warrants its further evaluation in clinical trials for
cholangiopathy.
TBAB in One-pot Green Approach for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic
Compounds: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sahu Bhaktisudha , Verma Monika , Thakur Ajay , Bharti Ruchi , Sharma Renu
Published: October 2023

Designing innovative one-pot reactions using eco-friendly methodologies has attracted
a lot of attention in drug development, organic synthesis, and material sciences due to the impressive
art of mitigating the possibility of side reactions, particularly for the synthesis of Ncontaining
heterocycles, which are crucial for the manufacturing and development of new drugs.
These moieties have demonstrated a diversity of biological applications, such as anti-tumor, antimicrobial,
antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Due to the wide range of medicinal
applications, several techniques have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of these
physiologically important scaffolds, employing different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
One such highly efficient catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), which has
gained significant attention as an efficient metal-free homogeneous phase-transfer catalyst to facilitate
a reaction when the reactants are in different phases. It is also used as a zwitterionic solvent
in many organic transformations and as an effective co-catalyst for a variety of coupling reactions.
In the current study, we highlighted recent developments in one-pot reactions involving TBAB as
a phase-transfer catalyst or zwitterionic solvent for the efficient synthesis of various biologically
promising monocyclic and bicyclic N-heterocycle scaffolds.
Skin Cancer as an Emerging Global Threat and Potential Natural Therapeutic
Authors: Mushtaq Nadia , Arooj Aqsa , Akhtar Areeba , Jabbar Abdul
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim: Global advancement is facing a huge threat due to
the increased number of skin cancer cases and potential health-system costs. Perception
of skin cancer prevalence is important for the treatment, prevention strategies, and
administration of medical allowances. In addition to fair and tanned skin, the risk factor
for the development of disease is sedentary lifestyle habits, and the reduction in
physical activities has risen the mortalities worldwide. This effort signifies information
on incidence, risk factors, and mortality rates across six continents.
Methodology: The scientific literature was illustrated to find the correlation between
the risk factors and resulting data to map, the approaches practiced concerning certain
prevention strategies, in particular to alteration in behaviors such as reduction to UV-light exposure, screening and prevention in the progression of the disease.
Results: The incidence of the disease is highest in Australia and New Zealand and
lowest in Asian countries. A global survey was done on disease burden in 2018, in
which signposts Incidence and mortality are 33.3 ASR and 4.8 ASR, respectively, in
New Zealand and 33.6 ASR and 3.2 ASR, respectively, in Australia for melanoma skin
cancer. The resistance of skin cancer to topical chemotherapy has turned the attention
to natural therapeutics, including herbs, plant extracts and nutraceuticals.
Conclusion: In difficult circumstances, a change in adaptive behavior and cognitive
development can reduce the disease burden worldwide. Natural therapeutics can be
used to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumorigenic by modulating
the signaling pathways and other physiological effects.
Isoxazole Derivatives as Potential Pharmacophore for New Drug Development
Authors: Mohan Sahoo Biswa , Varaha Ravi Kumar Bera Venkata , Chandra Panda Krishna , Krishna Banik Bimal , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Singh Sunil , Kumar Manish
Published: October 2023

Isoxazoles are five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds in which
oxygen and nitrogen atoms are present at positions 1 and 2 of the ring system.
Isoxazole derivatives play a vital role due to their diverse biological activities, such as
antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-viral, anti-tubercular, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic,
anticancer, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antipsychotic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc. Isoxazole scaffold is present in various drug molecules, such as
leflunomide (antirheumatic), valdecoxib (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and
zonisamide (anti-convulsant). Similarly, isoxazole derivatives such as isocarboxazid
act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It is used to treat symptoms of depression that
may include anxiety, panic, or phobias. Whereas the isoxazole derivatives, including
sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, and oxacillin, are used clinically for the treatment of
bacterial infections. Isoxazole pharmacophore is also present in β-lactamase resistant
antibiotics such as cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxacillin. Cycloserine is a
naturally occurring antibiotic that possesses isoxazole moiety with anti-tubercular,
activity. This study focuses on the therapeutic potentials of isoxazole derivatives in
new drug development.
Drugs and Phytochemicals Targeting Cancer
Authors: Tripathi Garima , Kumar Singh Anil , Kumar Abhijeet
Published: October 2023

Cancer which is basically uncontrolled cell division and, thereby, the
formation of tumors, has been a prominent cause of death across the world. More than
10 million people have lost their lives due to different types of cancer such as breast,
lung, prostate, gastrointestinal, etc. Several pathways, including metabolic, signalling,
etc., get altered to support uncontrolled cell division and their growth in case of cancer.
Despite an increasing understanding of this disease over the period of time, still,
specific causes could not be held responsible for the occurrence. Therefore, various
different strategies mainly focused on preventing and killing cancerous cells have been
explored. This chapter will primarily focus on the different drugs, including different
types of chemotherapeutic agents such as DNA-alkylating agents like nitrogen mustard,
cyclophosphamide, drug-peptide, drug-steroid conjugates, antimetabolites, antibiotics,
etc. In addition to that, phytochemicals, which have also been investigated for their
anti-cancerous activities and are under clinical trial, have also been discussed.
Harnessing the Neurological Properties of Indian Brain Health Booster Brahmi
Authors: Tiwari Neerja , Singh Manju , Gupta Namita , Singh Kishan , Dev Kapil
Published: October 2023

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.) is a well-known therapeutic herb used in a
broad spectrum of conventional medicines to alleviate various ailments, prominently
those involving intellect, anxiety and mental health. In Ayurveda, it is classified as
Medhya rasayanas (meaning intellect rejuvenator) and claimed to be a cognitive
nutrient and memory enhancer. Although the plant possesses a plethora of compounds,
its neurological activity is mainly attributed to its major phytochemical constituents,
i.e., bacoside saponins. Majorly isolated compounds are dammarane triterpenoids
glycone and aglycones. There are several reports published with neurological activities
on Bacopa monnieri to validate traditional claims through scientific findings. Some
therapeutic formulations containing standardized extracts of Bacopa monnieri have
also been developed for the betterment of mental health. Besides, being
neuroprotective, the plant is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and
antipyretic properties and systemic disorders like cardiovascular, hepatic,
gastrointestinal, myocardial ischemia, respiratory problems, opioid-related
nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The present chapter described the phytochemical
profiling, extraction and isolation, neurological properties, as well as toxicological and
clinical studies of the plant.
Implications of DNA-acting Agents as Anticarcinogenic Potential in Breast Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Sinha Lovely , Kumar Ujjwal
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasm diagnosed in women
worldwide. There are many factors responsible for breast cancer susceptibility.
Mutation in tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose women to the early
onset of breast cancer. The BRCA genes are involved in multiple cellular processes in
response to DNA damage, including checkpoint activation, gene transcription, and
DNA repair. Several DNA-acting agents act as effective anticancer used for treating
cancer disease. Certain groups of chemicals are known to affect specific phases of cell
division, such as, Cyclophosphamide is the most potent and successful anticancer agent
that acts by alkylating the N-7position of guanine to cause crosslinking of DNA’s
double helix, resulting in DNA breaks that interfere with the DNA replication and
RNA transcription. This chapter deals with the classification of DNA-acting agents
according to their modes of action.
Aloe Vera-A Medicinal Plant as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Liver Cancer
Authors: Sinha Lovely , Kumar Satyapal Ghanshyam , Kumar Shailendra
Published: October 2023

Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth
leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Research over the last two decades has
revealed that medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of various neoplastic
diseases. Aloe vera is a ubiquitously naturally occurring and drought-resisting herbal
medicinal plant. Some reports suggest that Aloe vera possesses wound and burn
healing activities and anti-inflammatory as well as immunomodulatory effects. There
are no direct studies available on the role of the Aloe vera extract and its active
ingredient like aloe-emodin that modulates antiaging and anticancer activities,
particularly on immune cells as well as liver cancer cells. Aloe vera has many bioactive
compounds and pharmacological properties that may show an important role in liver
cancer prevention and treatment through the enhancement of regeneration, antiaging
activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity and modulation of genetic pathways.
Here, we discuss the study of the anticancer effect and modulation of expression of
various genes in response to Aloe vera in liver cancer.
Kebijakan Pembatasan Kepemilikan Tanah Non-Pertanian oleh Perorangan Untuk Menyelesaikan Ketimpangan Kepemilikan Tanah yang Berkeadilan
Authors: Silviana Ana , Emha Zidney Ilma Fazaada
Published: October 2023

Until now there are no regulations governing the maximum limit of land ownership, especially non-agricultural, so that there is increasing inequality in land ownership. This research aims to determine and analyze the causes of inequality in land ownership and the policies implemented in setting maximum limits on non-agricultural land ownership for individuals. The method used is socio-legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or examine how the law works in society. Research data was taken from field research with official sources within the Central Java BPN Regional Office, Semarang City and Semarang Regency Land Offices as well as literature study research using legal materials, which were then analyzed qualitatively using inductive methods. The results show that inequality in land ownership will continue to occur as long as there is no legal certainty governing non-agricultural land ownership limits, so far it has only been in the form of internal administrative regulations. In order to realize a land policy for social welfare and justice, it is necessary to immediately issue regulations regarding restrictions on non-agricultural land ownership in the form of a law.