bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, aggression and alcohol consumption over six months among Poles in early adulthood – The follow-up study
Authors: Florek Szymon , Dębski Paweł Gustaw , Piegza Magdalena Justyna , Gorczyca Piotr , Pudlo Robert
Published: February 2025

Aim of the study

There are many studies about mental health during periods of various epidemics. In this study, it was decided to find how the studied parameters changed during six months in 2020.

Subject or material and methods

A total of 105 results were obtained from respondents who met all inclusion criteria for the study. 84 people (80.00%) are women and 21 (20.00%) are men. The study included socio-demographic parameters and psychological scales: AUDIT — to determine alcohol consumption, GAD-7 — to measure the anxiety and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire.

Results

Anxiety levels decreased in the entire study population and some subgroups. Higher levels of anxiety were found among male respondents and health professionals. Increased levels of physical aggression were observed among respondents from small cities. A decrease in hostility was found among rural residents. A decrease in verbal aggression was noticed among those with secondary education. Increased levels of physical aggression were observed only among men, while verbal aggression and hostility were observed among those with secondary education. Higher alcohol consumption occurred among young people.

Discussion

The literature provides a wealth of data on various aspects of the mental health including aggression, anxiety and alcohol consumption. Our results are mostly in line with these, and show some features of adaptation in society.

Conclusions

Reductions in anxiety intensity may suggest some adaptive changes in society. Healthcare professionals are characterised by elevated anxiety levels relative to other respondents.
Sens życia w doświadczeniach wojennych dzieci
Authors: Kostyło Hanna
Published: February 2025

W artykule została podjęta kwestia pytania o sens życia w kontekście doświadczeń wojennych dzieci i młodzieży. Punktem wyjścia jest koncepcja logoterapii opracowana przez Viktora Frankla i obecne w niej pozytywne przesłanie, że nawet w najbardziej tragicznych okolicznościach człowiek jest w stanie zachować sens życia i patrzeć z nadzieją w przyszłość. Odniesienie tej koncepcji do doświadczania wojny przez dzieci wskazuje, że żadne dziecko nie potrafi samodzielnie nadać tego rodzaju sensu własnym traumatycznym przeżyciom. Niemniej dzieci znajdują inne źródła sensu, przede wszystkim we własnej rodzinie lub wierze religijnej. Potwierdza to treść wypowiedzi dzieci analizowanych w artykule – z jednej strony wypracowań uczestników badań empirycznych podjętych bezpośrednio po drugiej wojnie światowej przez Ludwika Bandurę, z drugiej strony zapisków w dzienniku prowadzonym w 1944 i na początku 1945 roku przez Józefa Tischnera.
Anabolic androgenic steroids intake and its impact on male reproductive system - systematic review
Authors: Mielczarek Maja , Sroczyńska Paulina , Sroczyński Jan , Lachowska Julia , Senior Karolina , Smandek Jerzy
Published: February 2025

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a significant lifestyle factor in infertility and are often used to enhance physical performance and appearance. Endogenous AAS regulate male sex organ development and secondary characteristics. Commonly used AAS include testosterone esters like undecanoate and enanthate, as well as nandrolone esters, testosterone cypionate, and testosterone propionate—along with nandrolone esters, such as nandrolone decanoate and nandrolone phenylpropionate, stanozolol and methandrostenolone (also known as methandienone). AAS bind to androgen receptors, promoting muscle growth by increasing protein synthesis and promoting the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis. AAS are commonly administered via intramuscular injection or oral ingestion. Injectable forms of AAS have extended half-life due to esterification, while oral AAS face reduced bioavailability because of first-pass metabolism. Adverse effects of AAS include cardiovascular, endocrine, neuropsychiatric and dermatological issues. AAS usage has a huge impact on male fertility. Anabolic androgenic steroids intake can result in suppressing  gonadotropins, leading to reduced sperm concentration, testicular dysfunction and hypogonadism, which can lead to decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. While some effects on fertility may be reversible, recovery timelines vary.
Magnesium Homeostasis and Implications for Human Health: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Dudziak Piotr , Golińska Maria , Łyko Mateusz , Kurasz Jakub , Siudziński Paweł , Maj Wojciech , Skoczylas Alicja , Podlasiewicz Wiktoria , Pala Katarzyna , Nowak Anna
Published: February 2025

Magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) is a vital ion for human health, involved in numerous bodily functions, including energy production and protein synthesis. Despite its significance, serum magnesium levels are often overlooked in clinical settings, even though they can be disrupted in various health conditions. This review delves into the role of magnesium in human health and disease, highlighting its importance in key organs like the brain, heart, and muscles. Magnesium supplementation has shown promise in treating conditions such as migraine, depression, heart disease, and asthma. Recent discoveries have unveiled genetic factors, including mutations in specific genes, that can lead to magnesium deficiency. Additionally, certain medications, such as diuretics and proton pump inhibitors, can contribute to low magnesium levels. This review explores the mechanisms of magnesium regulation in the intestines, kidneys, and bones.
A CONCEPÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NA GESTÃO EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA:
Authors: Soares Lucas de Vasconcelos , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa , Fonseca André Dioney
Published: February 2025

O estudo – resultante de uma dissertação defendida no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (PPGE/Ufopa) – analisa as origens, desdobramentos e desafios na implementação da concepção democrática na gestão de instituições, órgãos e sistemas educacionais brasileiros, refletindo as implicações destes percursos. Tem como objetivos: compreender o processo histórico-político-social de criação e implementação da gestão democrática na educação brasileira; e refletir seus desdobramentos, desafios e implicações ao desenvolvimento desta concepção no campo educacional no Brasil. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental, os resultados evidenciam discrepâncias entre o conjunto prescricional que orienta a implementação desta concepção e as realidades educacionais brasileiras, reforçando o distanciamento entre o escrito e o feito neste processo. Ressalta-se ainda que, após 35 anos da promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988 e, consequentemente, das origens da gestão democrática, poucos foram os avanços na efetividade desta concepção na gestão educacional, confrontando-se com o galopante processo de expansão da ordem capitalista e acontecimentos enfraquecedores da premissa democrática no país.
DESAFIOS E DESEMPENHO EM MATEMÁTICA NOS ANOS INICIAIS
Authors: Silva Renato Carneiro da
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo examina as desigualdades no desempenho em Matemática dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, com base nos resultados do SAEB 2023. O objetivo é investigar como fatores regionais e socioeconômicos influenciam o aprendizado em Matemática e entender as implicações dessas desigualdades para a educação básica no Brasil. Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa, a metodologia inclui análise dos dados do SAEB 2023, abrangendo as diferentes regiões do país e focando em disparidades no desempenho dos estudantes. Os resultados mostram variações significativas entre as regiões, com o Sudeste e o Sul alcançando médias de proficiência superiores à nacional, enquanto o Norte e o Nordeste apresentam desempenhos inferiores. As desigualdades são atribuídas a fatores como infraestrutura escolar inadequada e acesso desigual a recursos educacionais. O estudo conclui que são necessárias políticas públicas mais equitativas para melhorar o desempenho em Matemática e promover uma educação básica de qualidade em todas as regiões.
GABRIELA ACCIOLY
Authors: Souza Francisca Luzia Araujo de , Dantas Paula Andréa de Oliveira , Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza
Published: February 2025

O estudo trata da história de vida de uma educadora que atuou no bairro da Sapiranga-Coité. Objetivou biografar a professora Gabriela Accioly com ênfase nas suas contribuições para educação especial na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A pesquisa amparou-se teoricamente nos pressupostos da Nova História Cultural (Burke, 2021) e na metodologia da História Oral (Alberti, 2004; Meihy; Holanda, 2023). Os resultados apontam que Gabriela Accioly conseguiu implantar um projeto educativo inclusivo e diferenciado com a colaboração de uma equipe de estudantes em Psicologia para avaliar o processo de desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem escolar dos estudantes, projeto este que gerou visibilidade à biografada tornando-a referência no campo da educação inclusiva. Ela é fundadora e responsável pelo Espaço Multidisciplinar Tia Gabi, instituição referência na atuação com crianças com deficiência e dificuldades da aprendizagem.
What the global evidence says
Authors: Sakr Mona
Published: February 2025

A new research project is looking into the quality of provision in English baby rooms following the UK government's expansion of subsidised education and care to infants as young as nine months. In the second of two articles, Dr Mona Sakr, discusses the structural factors affecting baby rooms, staff qualifications and the need for a vision for the baby room.
Sector analysis
Authors: Meechan David
Published: February 2025

David Meechan discusses the differences between types of research and why they are important for early years practitioners
Belt Feeding a 10-Saw Gin Stand
Authors: Donohoe Sean P. , Alege Femi Peter , Thomas Joseph W.
Published: February 2025

Highlights

Sample sizes ranging from 200 to 400 g of seed cotton.

Belt feeder resulted in consistent ginning times at each sample size.

Belt feeder evaluated using 90 runs of cotton.

Abstract. Breeder gin stands are often hand-fed, unlike commercial large-scale operations that have a feeder system. However, hand-feeding makes it difficult to obtain a consistent feed rate, and it becomes a variable that is hard to account for when comparing data. This study investigated the system performance of using a conveyor belt for feeding the seed cotton to a breeder gin stand. To achieve this objective, a 10-saw breeder gin stand with 10-in. saws was instrumented with a power/energy logger and operated on cotton samples ranging from 200 to 400 g by three different operators. The instrumentation recorded the electrical power over time, and the power data was post-processed into energy and ginning time per run. Over the course of 90 runs, sample size was a significant factor for ginning time. A pairwise comparison failed to show that the operator significantly affected energy or ginning time. The belt feeder system was successful at feeding the cotton. Therefore, the system does help maintain consistency of feeding and consequently improve the accuracy of data obtained when operating the breeder gin. Keywords: Breeder gin, Energy, Ginning time, Instrumentation, Mechanical feeding.
Effect of Dimming Wave Characteristics on LED Lamp Performance during Early Operational Life
Authors: Purswell Joseph L. , Rowland Matthew R. , Davis Jeremiah D. , Campbell Jesse C. , McCafferty Klinton , Smith Cody R
Published: February 2025

Highlights

Dimming waveform (leading edge, trailing edge, hybrid) did not affect lamp lumen depreciation in LED lamps used in poultry housing applications.

From Flock 2 to 10, the rate of luminous flux decrease was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among waveform treatments and were -11.7, -12.7, and -14.2 lumen/flock for the leading edge, trailing edge, and hybrid waveforms, respectively.

No lamp failures were recorded during this experiment, indicating that sources of catastrophic failure in commercial broiler house applications are likely due to the housing environment or quality of power distribution.

ABSTRACT.Lamps based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology have been widely adopted in commercial poultry housing due to significant reductions in electrical power requirements. While significant design limitations were identified during the early adoption period, these initial challenges were mitigated as lamp design evolved. However, in recent years, premature lamp failures have been observed and may be linked to dimmer design and operation, specifically the method used to modulate the AC waveform. A dimmer and lamp test system was developed to evaluate the effects of dimming waveform (leading edge, trailing edge, and hybrid) on lamp failure and lamp lumen depreciation (LLD). Seven combinations of dimmer and dimming waveform were tested with dimmers from four different manufacturers using a lamp common in broiler houses. A run-time equivalent to ten 63d broiler flocks was completed (12,210 hours) using typical broiler house lighting program settings to assess lamp performance during the early operational life of LED lamps used in broiler houses. Lamp output (luminous flux) and lamp lumen depreciation rate were compared for all dimmer waveforms, and statistical analyses were conducted with a mixed model in SAS. Lamp output significantly increased by 15.7% during the first flock for all treatments (P = 0.0001). Lamp output began decreasing with the second flock at a rate of -11.7, -12.7, and -14.2 lumen/flock for the leading edge, trailing edge, and hybrid waveforms, respectively, and were not different (P > 0.05). No lamp failures were recorded during this experiment, indicating that sources of catastrophic failure in commercial broiler houses are likely due to the housing environment or quality of power distribution. Future research should focus on sources of power quality degradation and environment-based failures in broiler lighting systems and evaluation of mitigation methods, particularly at extended operational life. Keywords: Broiler, Dimming, Lighting, Poultry.
Evolución del Concepto de Inteligencia Artificial en la Literatu-ra Científica: Un análisis sistemático.
Authors: Labañino Palmeiro Lizbeth , Lorca Marin Antonio Alejandro , De las Heras Perez Maria de los Angeles , Campina López Alejandro Carlos
Published: February 2025

La integración de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la educación ha provocado controversia debido a la diversidad de interpretaciones de su concepto, sus posibles beneficios y las preocupaciones éticas asociadas, lo que subraya la necesidad de un debate informado y una implementación cuidadosa para optimizar su impacto en el aprendizaje. Esta investigación revisa sistemáticamente, siguiendo las directrices del protocolo PRISMA, la evolución del concepto de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la producción científica desde 2017 hasta 2023 utilizando las bases de datos WOS y Scopus. Se empleó un enfoque de métodos mixtos, consistiendo en un análisis bibliométrico y de contenido. Para el análisis bibliométrico, los datos se procesaron en Bibliometrix basándose en las variables: evolución y producción científica anual, ley de Bradford, autores más relevantes, producción científica por países, mapa de palabras clave y mapa de colaboración global. Los resultados indican que la denominación "Inteligencia Artificial" es controvertida. El análisis bibliométrico revela un crecimiento constante en la producción científica sobre IA desde 2017 hasta 2023, con un pico en el último año. Se ha demostrado que la IA tiene capacidades notables en tareas específicas, como el reconocimiento de voz, la clasificación de imágenes y la toma de decisiones en situaciones complejas.
All Work and No Play Makes Jack a Dull Boy – A Systematic Review on Effectiveness of Game-based Learning in Dental Education
Authors: Mohandas Rahul , Mohapatra Subhashree
Published: February 2025

Game-based learning (GBL) is an effective learning tool for medical and dental undergraduates in enhancing knowledge and skills as well as gaining student engagement and motivation. Educational games can create a social constructivist learning environment, where learners can construct their knowledge through interactions with their peers and instructors. This concept is promising for learners to self-direct their learning. However, there is no clear evidence yet to support their effectiveness over traditional approaches in terms of competence improvement. The present systematic review aimed to assess and compare all the available literature on the effect of game-based learning on dental education. The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, Lilac, and Web of Science databases were searched using the pre-determined MeSH terms and eligibility criteria. The search yielded a total of eight articles. The studies included applications like Kahoot, GoDental, DentalByte, Skills-o-mat, and Playdent for GBL and compared their effectiveness to conventional methods. It was found that overall student satisfaction, motivation and interest was higher in GBL methods compared to the conventional methods of learning. GBL seems to be an effective tool for knowledge acquisition among dental students. However, further research should be conducted to compare the effectiveness of GBL against other learning methods. Newer games can also be tailor-made for specific learning objectives.
Presentación de un estudio de caso de un estudiante en el espectro del autismo a la luz del Trabajo Social en una escuela.
Authors: Kyrtsopoulou Syrmo , Fragkos Stavros
Published: February 2025

El autismo es uno de los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo con muchas preguntas sin respuesta en torno a su etiología, tratamiento y evolución. El propósito de este artículo es describir y resaltar la forma en que el Trabajo Social puede intervenir en el entorno familiar de un estudiante diagnosticado en el espectro del autismo. Los objetivos individuales son la investigación del perfil educativo del alumno, el estudio de las dificultades que surgen dentro y fuera del contexto educativo y el registro de su importancia para el Trabajo Social. Este artículo estudia, a través de los principios de la investigación cualitativa y del estudio de caso de un alumno de una escuela especial del noreste de Grecia, la manera en que se forma el perfil de la escuela y de la familia, así como la posición que ocupa la ciencia del Trabajo Social en todo esto. Los resultados de esta investigación revelan aspectos útiles sobre cómo el Trabajo Social puede intervenir en la integración social de estos niños. Se registran las necesidades especiales del entorno familiar con énfasis en la madre y se intenta fortalecer mediante la intervención del Trabajo Social. Las conclusiones derivadas de este trabajo pueden aportar material teórico útil al ámbito profesional. Se mencionan cuestiones relacionadas con el manejo de las dificultades que surgen durante la crianza de un niño con autismo, ya sean de carácter práctico o emocional.
Una revisión sistemática exploratoria sobre la eficacia de la mediación escolar en la educación secundaria obligatoria.
Authors: Hoyos Urba María , Riera Adrover Joan Albert
Published: February 2025

El presente estudio se orientó a la Mediación Escolar como mecanismo de resolución pacífica de conflictos. La mediación, se lleva a cabo en entornos educativos debido a su alto potencial para la gestión y resolución de conflictos. Dado que la Mediación Escolar constituye una de las áreas de intervención del Trabajo Social, el objetivo del estudio versó sobre la valoración de la eficacia de la Mediación Escolar como una estrategia de resolución de conflictos en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en la práctica del Trabajo Social. Se efectuó una Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria que determinó la inclusión de nueve artículos de investigación. Para ello, fueron consultadas las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. Los resultados obtenidos, permitieron establecer la eficacia de la Mediación Escolar, traducida específicamente en la mejora del clima escolar y de las relaciones interpersonales. Como conclusión, se destacó la importancia de la formación en habilidades necesarias para garantizar la eficacia de la Mediación Escolar, enfatizando la necesidad de poseer determinados valores y técnicas personales para estar en condiciones de intervenir en este ámbito.
Editorial
Authors: Avruj Luz , Peregalli Andrés
Published: February 2025

Editorial
La Red Española de Aprendizaje-Servicio
Authors: Batlle Roser
Published: February 2025

La Red Española de Aprendizaje-Servicio nació en el 2008 y constituye una sólida experiencia de trabajo en red con el fin de impulsar el aprendizaje-servicio en este país. Su esencia es de federación de 17 grupos impulsores, basada en el voluntariado y con una estructura horizontal caracterizada por tres signos de identidad: arraigo territorial, pluralismo e intercambio.
Service Learning and Innovation Networks: the proposal of the Avanguardie Educative Movement for Italian schools
Authors: Orlandini Lorenza , Lotti Patrizia
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the Avanguardie Educative (AE) Movement, an initiative by Indire aimed at transforming the traditional Italian education system. AE seeks to promote educational and organizational innovation in schools by shifting from transmissive teaching models to more flexible, competency-based approaches. It emphasizes a participatory, collaborative framework for educational change, incorporating various actors like regional hubs, leading schools, and adopting schools. The service-learning concept is central to AE’s approach, aiming to bridge formal education with community engagement, fostering active student participation and real-world problem solving. AE encourages schools to adopt and adapt service-learning within their curricular activities, evolving it from sporadic, extracurricular projects into a core part of their educational offering. This framework has been particularly relevant in addressing modern challenges, such as the pandemic, environmental crises, and social inequalities. In AE's innovation proposals, service-learning is the frame of reference for activities linking school and territory that allows for the creation of a meaningful relationship between inside and outside the school. AE operates through a network of schools and a series of dissemination activities, including peer-to-peer exchanges, workshops and the development of practical tools such as toolkits and guidelines within which SL represents a proposal for innovation. In recent years, a line of research has been developed to analyse the level of institutionalization of service-learning in Italy with the aim of accompanying schools and developing their self-assessment competences.
Uniservitate: red de redes para un cambio sistémico en la educación superior
Authors: Tapia Sasot María Rosa , Peregalli Andrés , Ferrara Candelaria
Published: February 2025

Este artículo explora cómo las redes de aprendizaje-servicio contribuyen en la institucionalización de esta pedagogía en la educación superior en general, y católica en particular. Se describe el caso del Programa Global Uniservitate, y su teoría del cambio, y se identifican lecciones aprendidas en su primera etapa de implementación (2020-2022). Se analiza información cuantitativa y cualitativa emergente de dos procesos evaluativos complementarios, explorando el nivel micro-institucional, intermedio y global. Se triangulan métodos, técnicas y fuentes para situar el análisis e identificar logros y desafíos en la creación de redes y en la contribución de éstas a la institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio. Los resultados expresan que las redes, en sus diferentes niveles, son un factor relevante de la teoría del cambio, tanto como objetivo específico como para lograr la construcción de conocimiento y la institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio. Así, se contribuye a lograr, desde el aprendizaje-servicio la transformación sistémica de las instituciones católicas de educación superior. Esta evidencia informa a su vez a otros niveles de los sistemas educativos, y de las políticas, en relación al rol de las redes en la institucionalización y difusión la educación que soñamos.
Reading James Reading Roughead: “Take a Bite Out of (True) Crime”
Authors: Ross Melanie
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay explores Henry James’s 1913–1915 correspondence with William Roughead (1870–1952), a Scottish lawyer, writer of “adventures in criminal biography,” and editor of criminal trials. James loved reading Roughead, and this article makes the case that the eating and architectural metaphors James used in his letters to describe his reading experience reveal just how much plotting, James’s “love of a story as a story,” mattered to James. “The gallery of sinister perspective,” as James called Roughead’s writing, helps us see the origins of James’s “taste” for crime writing and how his own writing contains many of the same elements.
“As if she had been Helen on the walls of Troy”: Offstage Narratology in The Other House (1896)
Authors: Chambre Sarah
Published: February 2025

Abstract: James’s The Other House was conceived when he was preoccupied with theater—writing his own plays, frequently attending plays and writing reviews, and in a close friendship with actress/producer Elizabeth Robins, involved in the shaping of Ibsen for the London stage. This paper argues that we should attend to the theatrical devices in this novel—the tension of absence vs. presence, narrative foregrounding of character entries and exits and tableaux, and intertext with contemporary groundbreaking Ibsen plays. James creates an organic structure of material props and abstractions to scaffold his story, a harbinger of his late period style.
Missouri's Twin Traumas: I. The Stephan Crisis (1839–)
Authors: Diefenthaler Jon
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In view of two recent anniversaries, the 175th of its founding in 1847 and the fiftieth of the "Walk Out" of faculty and students in 1974 at its St. Louis seminary, the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod (LCMS) through its Concordia Historical Institute has published several volumes that highlight two traumatic moments in its history. One of them is a new translation of The Emigration of the Saxon Lutherans in the Year 1838 and Their Settlement in Perry County, Missouri , written in German by an LCMS pastor, Johannes Friedrich Koestering, twenty-five years after its immigrant forebears arrived in America. The book provides an account of the exposure and exile of Martin Stephan, a bishop to whom these Saxons had given total authority in ecclesiastical and civil matters. The traumatic effects of this crisis were not only immediately felt but help explain the subsequent behavior of "Missouri" as a church body. Chief among them are its unequivocal allegiance to its own brand of Lutheran orthodoxy, its insistence upon complete agreement in matters of doctrine and church practice for ecclesiastical fellowship of any kind, and its tendency to isolate itself protectively from key features of America's culture. As a subsequent article will demonstrate, the second traumatic moment created by the "Walk Out," named more often as "Seminex" and featured in other recent LCMS anniversary publications, only reinforced these same effects of the Stephan crisis. These incidents shed light on where "Missouri" has positioned itself in the world of the twenty-first century.
The Ordo salutis in Pontoppidan's 1737: Explanation of Luther's Small Catechism
Authors: Austad Torleiv
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In 1736 Christian VI, who reigned as king of Denmark and Norway from 1730 until 1746, introduced confirmation for everyone between the ages of fifteen and nineteen. This called for instruction in the Christian faith to endow the confirmands with knowledge and guidance to lead them to a personal confirmation of the grace they had received in baptism. Royal chaplain Erik Ludvigsen Pontoppidan the Younger (1698–1764) was assigned the task of writing an explanation of Luther's Small Catechism in the light of the king's Pietist ecclesiastical politics. He published his catechetical explanation under the title Sandhed til Gudfrygtighed (Truth unto Godliness) in 1737. By royal decree it was approved for general use the following year. The central theme of the Explanation is the "order of sanctification," indeed "the correct order" for the appropriation of salvation. The Explanation was especially intended for adults who had been baptized as infants but whose faith had withered or died. The understanding of Pontoppidan's formulation of the order of sanctification from a Lutheran perspective is discussed in the present article.
Typological Comparisons and Considerations: Phonological and Morphological Evidence from Sign Language Creation
Authors: Brentari Diane , Ergin Rabia , Senghas Ann , Coppola Marie
Published: February 2025

Abstract: In this article, we compare two languages that are approximately fifty years old—Central Taurus Sign Language (CTSL) and Lengua de Señas Nicaragüense (LSN)—by employing two studies. Study 1 analyzes emerging phonology , specifically the size and complexity of the handshape inventories of the two languages, and Study 2 analyzes emerging information packaging in complex predicates, specifically for agency and number. In both studies, we compare data across three groups of CTSL signers and three groups of Nicaraguan signers. The results of both studies show variation across languages and cohorts; the patterns of variation, we argue, are grounded in factors of community size, contact among signers, and the sociocultural makeup of the community, factors that are used in large typological studies on spoken languages. The main findings are as follows: (1) The patterns observed across the Nicaraguan groups display more variation than those across the CTSL groups and (2) The variation among Nicaraguan groups demonstrate that homesigns exhibit a wide range of forms that were pared down in the first decade of LSN and developed and reorganized during LSN's second decade. We suggest that a more precise and nuanced manner of describing sign language communities that considers the following is needed: (1) the degree to which the cultural practices are shared; (2) the size of the deaf community; (3) the ratio of deaf signers to hearing L2 signers; and (4) the rate that new child learners are added. We also call for more comparative work on new sign languages that will assist in determining the effects and interactions of factors of interest to researchers of signed and spoken languages.
Paucal Pronouns in Catalan Sign Language: A Typological Rarity?
Authors: Busto Raquel Veiga
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The morphological strategies used to express numerosity in the visual modality have been investigated for a number of sign languages. However, the meaning associated with these operations remains unexplored in many sign languages. This article investigates the properties of reduplication with movement in Catalan Sign Language (LSC) personal pronouns, presenting findings obtained through elicitation with two native signers. In contrast to previous descriptions, this study makes a case for a paucal analysis of reduplication with movement. The proposal is grounded on different, but interconnected, pieces of evidence. First, like paucal markers, pronouns reduplicated with movement have an upper bound cutoff. Second, they do not require the entities in the context to be exhausted, and their interpretation is analogous to that of the partitive reading of the paucal quantifier some (i.e., they are nonexhaustive). Finally, they do not enforce the reading that the members of the set referred to by the pronoun are picked out separately (i.e., they are nondistributive). The results of this study highlight the need for more detailed investigations into the interpretation of number morphemes in sign languages and suggest that the array of number values taken to be distinguished in sign language personal pronouns might be more varied than what is frequently assumed.
Rapid, ultrasensitive, and specific RPA-THz system for pathogenic microorganism detection
Authors: Fu Xupeng , Huang Lintao , Chen Ying , Pi Menglu , Ma Lin , Cai Hu , Wang Xuehao , Chen Zhihao , Shi Hang , Yang Wenhui , Zhang Fulai , Zhang Yang , Jiang Huili , Zhou Zeming , Wang Changhe , Huang Rong , Zhang Juan , Cheng Donghao , Wu Li-An , Qian Airong , Tian Ye
Published: February 2025

Pathogenic microorganisms responsible for infectious diseases pose a significant global threat to human health. Existing detection methods, such as qPCR and ELISA, fail to simultaneously meet the requirements for high sensitivity, high specificity, and rapid detection. This study presents an innovative approach for the rapid, specific, and highly sensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), by combining recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The qualitative and quantitative detection method for pathogenic microorganisms was developed and evaluated. The stable and efficient RPA reaction systems were established to specifically amplify the key conserved genes of these pathogens. Then the RPA products were purified, and enriched with MBs. The absorbance spectra were obtained using THz-TDS technology. The linear range of the RPA-THz for detecting E. coli O157:H7 was 0.55 to 5.5 × 104 pg/mL, while for VZV, it was 0.75 to 7.5 × 103 pg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) for bacteria and viruses was 0.226 pg/mL and 0.528 pg/mL, respectively, demonstrating better sensitivity than the qPCR (550 pg/mL and 750 pg/mL, respectively). In addition, the whole amplification and detection process was completed in about 35 minutes. Compared to traditional pathogen detection techniques, the primary advantage of the developed RPA-THz method exhibited high accuracy, good reproducibility, and short detection times, enabling non-ionizing, label-free analysis for rapid detection with high sensitivity and specificity of pathogenic microorganisms. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical demonstration for the fast and precise detection of pathogenic microorganisms. It establishes a crucial research basis for further development of RPA-THz sensors, advancing technological progress in the field of food safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and public health.
Aluminum-related temperature dependence in erbium-doped fibers: optical loss, laser output power and the mechanism
Authors: Wang Gencheng , She Shengfei , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Yan , Gao Song , Cui Xiaoxia , Li Zhe , Zhu Zhiyu , Hou Chaoqi , Guo Haitao
Published: February 2025

The irradiation damage effects of erbium-doped fibers for space laser communications have been extensively studied, however, there are few reports on how the performance of erbium-doped fibers changes under the conditions of temperature changing and irradiation in the space environment. In this work, the temperature dependence of loss and gain performance in erbium-doped fibers before and after irradiation was investigated. Temperature induced loss variation after irradiation is -19.7 and 21.08 dB/km at 1200 nm in -25 ℃ and 70 ℃, respectively. Notably, the loss in the non-irradiated fiber is almost unchanged in this temperature range. In the gain performance test, the 1550 nm laser output power of the irradiated fiber decreased 43% when temperature rose from -25 ℃ to 70 ℃. In contrast, the variation of pristine fiber is only 10%. This work helps to understand the properties of erbium-doped optical fiber change under irradiation and temperature-varying environments. It is also proposed that the absorption intensity of Al-OHC defects varies with temperature leading to the fiber’s temperature dependence.
Physics and statistics co-enhanced Gaussian process regression for efficient modeling of the conducting target’s RCS
Authors: Xiao Donghai , Hou Muyu , Guo Lixin , Yang Jingcong , Jiang Wen , Hong Tao
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a physics and statistics co-enhanced Gaussian process regression (GPR) for efficient and accurate radar cross section (RCS) modeling of conducting targets. This study introduces two key innovations. First, we develop an advanced covariance function, termed physical optics-spectral mixture (POSM) covariance function, based on the physical optics (PO) in physics and the spectral mixture method (SMM) in statistics to improve the accuracy and applicability of GPR in modeling the target’s RCS. Second, we propose an empirical spectral density-based initialization method for the POSM covariance function, enabling GPR faster converge during training. Experiments conducted with simulated data (involving the NASA almond model, the SLICY model, and a scale-down missile model) and measured data (obtained from the physical model of the missile) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed GPR. It achieves up to an 78.72% reduction in RMSE for simulated data and 69.68% for measured data compared with other alternative covariance function-based GPRs. In terms of efficiency, the training time is reduced by more than 33%, and the well-trained GPR can model the target’s RCS in near-real-time (within 0.06 seconds), indicating great potential of our GPR for practical applications in RCS characteristic analysis and data processing like imputation and augmentation. In addition, compared with other alternative machine learning algorithms, such as deep learning (DL), decision tree (DT), and support vector regression (SVR), the proposed POSM-GPR also shows superior precision and respectable efficiency in RCS modeling.
Controlling many-body synchronous revival dynamics and entanglement cycle of ultracold atoms with synthetic gauge fields
Authors: Ma Yan-Qiong , Xiao Ke-Wen , Jing Yan-Zi , Wang Wen-Yuan
Published: February 2025

The exploration of tunneling dynamics in many-body quantum systems plays a pivotal role in realizing groundbreaking atomtronic devices and achieving precise control over entanglement. Here, we delve into the intricate many-body tunneling dynamics of ultracold atoms confined within a quadruple-well potential, with a particular emphasis on the manipulative role played by interatomic interactions and synthetic gauge fields. The quantum dynamics displayed by the system closely mimic the operations of qudit hybrid gates, which are comprised of two relatively independent sets of qudits. In the Rabi regime, which is characterized by strong coupling, we observe an intriguing phenomenon: the cyclic collapse and revival of discrete tunneling dynamics within two distinct qudits. Notably, this intricate dynamical behavior exhibits remarkable synchronous and anti-synchronous revival features, offering a unique opportunity to engineer many-body synchronization pulse signals. In the resonant tunneling regime, distinguished by strong interatomic interactions, we made a remarkable observation: the hybrid qudits undergo a dimensionality reduction, effectively transforming into a qudit. This dimensionality reduction is accompanied by an intriguing phenomenon: the periodicity of its dynamics is intimately intertwined with the occurrence of the entanglement cycle. Remarkably, synthetic gauge fields emerge as potent regulators of this entanglement cycle. Our results uncover the profound implications of synthetic gauge fields on quantum tunneling processes within many-body systems, which hold promising potential applications for engineering atomtronic devices and controlling quantum entanglement.
High-performance, ultra-broadband silicon polarization beam splitter utilizing mode conversion Bragg gratings
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gao Zhiyuan , Mei Zishuo , Guo Zhenzhao , Yu Qianli , Feng Ting , Xiao Jinbiao , Wu Shengbao
Published: February 2025

High-performance polarization beam splitters (PBSs) are essential for maintaining signal integrity and minimizing interference in advanced photonic applications. This paper experimentally demonstrates a high-performance, ultra-broadband on-chip silicon PBS that integrates a mode conversion Bragg grating (MC-BG) with an adiabatic asymmetric directional coupler (ADC). The MC-BG is implemented by etching a hole-structured grating array into a multimode waveguide, serving as a polarization-dependent broadband mode router. It directs the input TM0 and TE0 modes in opposite directions while simultaneously converting the TE0 mode into a higher-order TE2 mode. The transformed TE2 mode is then extracted from the multimode waveguide via a specially designed broadband adiabatic ADC, exiting through the cross port. This design achieves theoretically high performance with an extinction ratio (ER) of >30 dB/15 dB and an insertion loss (IL) of <0.9 dB/2 dB over bandwidths of 265 nm (1410-1675 nm) and 375 nm (1300-1675 nm), respectively. Fabricated on a standard 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer using a single-step etching process, experimental results reveal that, for a device length of 91.7 μm, the bandwidth with ERs exceeding 30 dB spans more than 220 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a PBS on a 220 nm SOI platform achieving an experimentally verified ER exceeding 30 dB over a bandwidth greater than 200 nm. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that performance can be further improved by incorporating a TM2 mode stripper, extending the 30 dB bandwidth to nearly 295 nm.
Performance optimization of hybrid gold-graphene metasurface infrared absorbers for dominant single-band response with dynamic resonance shifts
Authors: Alijabbari Mahsa , Karimzadeh Rouhollah
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design, simulation, and analysis of an electrically tunable single-band infrared (IR) absorber featuring a periodic structure with gold metasurfaces and a graphene layer. The base structure consists of cross-shaped gold metasurfaces and a ground layer separated by an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer, optimized for narrowband absorption in the mid-IR range. A patterned graphene layer is added to enable electrical tunability. However, this layer not only slightly decreases the maximum absorption value but can also introduce additional peaks based on the graphene width, which is undesirable for our single-band absorber application. Optimization of graphene properties reveals an ideal width where the absorption spectrum transitions to a single narrowband response with maximum absorption. Furthermore, we apply plasmon hybridization theory to explain the physics of newly observed resonance, incorporating graphene, and examine the redshift in resonance frequencies resulting from changes in graphene's width. In addition, the absorber's performance is validated through an equivalent circuit model, confirming its tunability and efficiency. This study emphasizes the trade-offs between absorption efficiency, single-band response, and tunability, providing insights for designing highly sensitive, tunable IR sensors.
Polarimetric scattering analysis using a Brillouin-Wigner perturbative scheme
Authors: Franco Mariano , Calzetta Esteban , Grings Francisco
Published: February 2025

This work presents a Brillouin-Wigner-type perturbative scheme (P-S) for deriving analytical expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the coherence matrix, enabling computationally efficient polarimetric scattering analysis. The scheme's generality allows its application with any scattering models that verifies reciprocity. As an example, it is applied using the second-order Small Perturbation Method (SPM) for both single rough surfaces and layered media. Comparison of P-S results with direct numerical calculations of the coherence matrix demonstrates high accuracy across all studied parameters, with relative mean errors ranging from 0.2% to 7%.
The improvement of infrared and visible images fusion algorithms in night-vision context
Authors: Li Huaizhou , Wu Siqi , Cao Xianghong , Li Sen , Wen Shupei , Yue Chenhao , Hao Yuxiang
Published: February 2025

To address the issues of insufficient contrast and weak detail representation in the fusion of infrared and visible light images under low-light nighttime conditions, this study improves the GFCE fusion algorithm. First, an adaptive enhancement of the infrared image is performed using a guided filter. Then, a mixed multi-scale decomposition method based on the guided filter is employed to sharpen and denoise the detail layers obtained from the decomposition, thereby enhancing the image's clarity. Additionally, this paper introduces a perceptual-based method for selecting regularization parameters, which determines the relative amount of infrared spectral features to be injected into the visible light image by comparing the perceptual saliency of information in both infrared and visible light images. Experimental results show that the optimized algorithm significantly improves key evaluation metrics such as average gradient, edge strength, and spatial frequency, enhancing the visual performance of nighttime scenes.
Ultrafast space-time optical merons in momentum-energy space
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Dorrah Ahmed , Guo Cheng , Hall Layton , Park Joon-Suh , Free Justin , Johnson Eric , Capasso Federico , Fan Shanhui , Abouraddy Ayman
Published: February 2025

Skyrmions, topologically non-trivial localized spin structures, are fertile ground for exploring emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics and next-generation magnetic-memory technologies. Although magnetics and optics readily lend themselves to two-dimensional realizations of spin texture, only recently have breakthroughs brought forth three-dimensional (3D) magnetic skyrmions, whereas their optical counterparts have eluded observation to date because their realization requires precise control over the spatiotemporal spectrum. Here, we demonstrate the first 3D-localized optical skyrmionic structures with a non-trivial topological spin profile by imprinting meron spin texture on open and closed spectral surfaces in the momentum-energy space of an ultrafast optical wave packet. Precise control over the spatiotemporal spin texture of light -- a key requisite for synthesizing 3D optical merons -- is the product of synergy between novel methodologies in the modulation of light jointly in space and time, digital holography, and large-area birefringent metasurfaces. Our work advances the fields of spin optics and topological photonics, and may inspire new developments in imaging, metrology, optical communications, and quantum technologies.
Structural prediction of chimeric immunogen candidates to elicit targeted antibodies against betacoronaviruses
Authors: Simpson Jamel , Kasson Peter M.
Published: February 2025

Betacoronaviruses pose an ongoing pandemic threat. Antigenic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown that much of the spontaneous antibody response is narrowly focused rather than broadly neutralizing against even SARS-CoV-2 variants, let alone future threats. One way to overcome this is by focusing the antibody response against better-conserved regions of the viral spike protein. This has been demonstrated empirically in prior work, but we posit that systematic design tools will further potentiate antigenic focusing approaches. Here, we present a design approach to predict stable chimeras between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, creating synthetic spike proteins that display a desired conserved region, in this case S2, and vary other regions. We leverage AlphaFold to predict chimeric structures and create a new metric for scoring chimera stability based on AlphaFold outputs. We evaluated 114 candidate spike chimeras using this approach. Top chimeras were further evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation as an intermediate validation technique, showing good stability compared to low-scoring controls. Experimental testing of five predicted-stable and two predicted-unstable chimeras confirmed 5/7 predictions, with one intermediate result. This demonstrates the feasibility of the underlying approach, which can be used to design custom immunogens to focus the immune response against a desired viral glycoprotein epitope.