bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Strategic Leadership Components in Achieving the Dimensions of Higher Education Quality Field Study in a Sample of Local Universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Sultan Hikmat Rasheed , Haji Avan Yousef
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to determine the role of strategic leadership components in achieving the quality of higher education dimensions in private universities in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the field side has been developed a model that based on a set of assumptions to teste field study which includes (4) private universities as population of research, and the questionnaire was a key for data collection, and were answered by (79) of administrative leadership in universities population. statistical tools have been used to analyze the nature of the correlation between the variables of the study, as well as analysis of simple linear regression to determine the nature of the impact between the variables of the study, and the study found a significant positive correlation relationship between the strategic entrepreneurship and the quality of higher education in the study population, and there are significant effect of strategic entrepreneurship in achieving the dimensions of the quality of higher education in the study population, the study made a number of proposals concerning universities study population and how to raise the standards of quality of higher education to benefit from the synrgy of the strategic entrepreneurship.
The Role of Education in Human Development in Iraq for the Period 1980-2012
Authors: Mahmood Sabah Faihan , Mahmood Yassen Taha
Published: July 2020

Human Development aims to   enlarge choices in front of people by improving the level of health, education, and income; this means that this process will upgrade both the economic and social development.In other words, human development aimes to raise the average of age and this requires the advancement of the health aspect, raise the level of knowledge and this requires the advancement of  the educational aspect of all kinds., and raise the standard of living, and this requires the advancement of the economic aspect by providing the necessary jobs and promote economic activities.

     The study focus on the relationship between education and human development which has great importance as a mean to determine the impact of education on human development. The research seeks to achieve a set of objectives, including: 

      Review  the concept of human development and its basic elements, shed light on the reality of development in Iraq and follow the path of its development, and find out the role of education in influencing human development through the changes taking place in it and its impact on increase or decrease  human development index during the period of the research.

      The research found set of   results, the most important were the important effect of the education index on the level of human development index represented by HDI.  Iraq had a good educational system in the eighties and nineties, reaching good education index value for the year (1990) which was (0.890), making the human development index in Iraq in the highest level and the value of the Human Development Index (0.759) in the first report issued by the United Nations in the year (1990). when the education index fall back there was negatively impact on the value of human development  index in Iraq Directory, so when the education index value became (0.721) , the value of the Human Development Index  was  (0.590) in the year 2011 . This means that the value of the human development index decrease in recent years, although of improvement in the level of health, and the average per capita GDP in Iraq, and this illustrates the significant role of education on the human development process.
Measuring Human Capital Indicators in Iraq for 2010-2012
Authors: Al-Dabash Abduallah Hamad , Muhammad Nishteman Hassan
Published: July 2020

Reflect the work on his mental capacity and muscle enjoyed by the man, and used for the production of goods and services strength. Meaning that the labor force constitutes the total forces that contribute and produce various goods and services in the community, and human capital is all the knowledge and capacity- and skills that Acquisition humans in society through education and practical experience, hypotheses of the study: "The human capital indicators in Iraq with low values and that the promise of the government's attention or develop the skills, knowledge and capabilities of human capital of the private sector to contribute effectively in the production and productivity and economic development of the country. objectives of the study: the research concluded: human capital in Iraq indicators show that it is very low, except illiteracy indicator that the high rate of illiteracy among the shows ages 15 and above, and this age group is young and active power economically . low skills and capabilities of the Iraqi workforce and the weakness of its contribution in the areas of creativity,  

innovation and the associated weakness of education and the adoption of theoretical education and lack of negligent or practical levels of education or applied, which weakens the contribution to economic development capabilities. suffers head Iraqi human capital of neglect in the areas of training, rehabilitation and keep pace with global scientific and technological developments . Which led to the migration of Iraqi scientific talent to other countries to prove its Scientific and its place among the global labor force He suggested: improving the conditions of human capital, especially in the production of educational institutions. And through the development of training methods and the development of skills and attention to the practical aspects of the study. Must develop human capital are geared for practical purposes and appropriate to meet the needs of the short and long-term community. Strengthening the trend towards higher education scientific and practical studies in order to achieve development objectives and requirements of trained human resources.
Human resources audit is an effective tool in human resources governance
Authors: Jasim Ibrahim Mohammed , Salih Sarmad Ghanm
Published: July 2020

بدأ الاهتمام في السنوات الأخيرة في موضوع الحوكمة ، حيث توصلت إدارات المنظمات وغيرها فضلاﹰ عن باقي أصحاب المصالح بأهمية هذا الموضوع لما تحققه من ميزات لمنظمات اليوم ، ومع هذا فأن في دراسة الحوكمة وتطبيقاتها كان مركزاﹰ على جوانب محددة في الاهتمام بالمنظمة وخاصة الجوانب المالية . في حين لم تؤخذ جوانب أخرى الاهتمام الكافي بالجانب الخاص بالموارد البشرية والتي تعتبر في الواقع اهم موارد المنظمة وأكثرها تعقيداﹰ . يأتي بحثنا في محاولة لإعطاء فكرة أساسية عن كيفية اعتماد الحوكمة في مجال إدارة الموارد البشرية وتطبيقاتها فضلاﹰ عن ذلك يتناول بحثنا هذا الجانب الخاص ببناء أدوات وتقنيات تساعد في تحقيق الحوكمة في مجال الموارد البشرية وهي الموضوع الخاص بتدقيق الموارد البشرية وميزانية الموارد البشرية وما يتبعها .
The impact of cognitive abilities Academy of effective leadership in the areas of organizational development A Case Study in the University of Tikrit
Authors: Qadoori Fayaq Mashal
Published: July 2020

The research aims at determining the correlation and effect between the(Cognitive abilities of leadership) and(The areas of organizational development) , has been applied at(Tikrit University)  Through a form questionnaire distributed to(34) academic leaders of (University colleges). (SPSS) program is applied for the purpose of analyzing the data collected from the specimen. Generally, the research tries to find answers the following questions:

Is there a perception among the strategic minds in the researched the importance of cognitive abilities and areas of organizational development for their organizations educational organization?

Is there a correlation between the impact of the strategic thinker capabilities and the development of educational organization in the surveyed areas of relationship?.

The research found a set of conclusions and the most important is; The difference in academic leaders in philosophy and decisions lead to variation and differences in the effectiveness of the adopted development areas by educational organizations. proven a decrease in the level of contribution to the effectiveness of cognitive abilities in the areas of organizational development in spite of moral influence.

. In addition, it provides a set of proposals. The most important to reconsider building academic work tasks of leadership in educational organizations and to contain their contents and ambitions .Make the dimensions of a standard cognitive abilities to those prescribed in the leadership of the organized labor.
(ئایینی مەزدەکی) و شوێنەوارەکانی بەسەر دەوڵەتی خەلافەتی عەباسییەوە لەسەردەمی عەباسی یەکەمدا (132-232ک/750-847ز)
Authors: Anwar Kaiwan Azad
Published: July 2020

Mazdaki is considered to be one of the ancient Iranian religions that have left marks not only on the Sassanid Empire but also on Abbasid Empire. The reason was that the Abbasids relied on non-Arabs including the Iranians to topple the Umayyad Caliphate and get to power. They pledged to compensate their sacrifices when they took power. A distinguished character called Abu Muslim Khurasani cooperated with the Abbasids, championed their cause and played a leading role in helping them to seize power. Having gained power, the Abbasids reneged on their earlier promise and took a hostile position against them, instead, and murdered Abu Muslim Khurasani – an event that turned to an opportunity for Mazdaki followers to rebel to get back their previous achievements. Rawandi and Khurami as two branches of Mazdaki confronted the Abbasid Caliphate but they were finally defeated by overwhelming power of the Caliphate.

     Mazdkians were followers of Mazdak, Bamdad’s son, who rose in 488 AD at Sassanid Qabad I. He was a religious man and appeared from Sassanid Empire. Mazdak attacked Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion for ten years. Later, the Sassanid authorities became hostile and Sassanid Anawshirwan ordered him to be eliminated in 536, although the religion continued up to more modern times.

     To write this paper, the authors have used more than one hundred references in Arabic, Kurdish, Persian, and English. First, the history of Mazdak’s name and personality has been explored to find out its etymology, family and place of birth. Second, Mazdaki religion and the views of theologists, historians, and orientalists have been discussed. Next, the significance of Mazdakifon Abbasid Caliphate during Abbas I has been addressed to realize its influences over the state.  The bibliography and the abstract in English and Arabic come at the end of the paper
رۆڵى حکومەتى ئەلکترۆنى لە بنیاتنانى حوکمرانى دروستدا
Authors: Mohammed Amin Peshraw Ali
Published: July 2020

ميَذوى مرؤظايةتى بة سةردةم و قؤناغى جيا جيادا تيَثةريوة تا طةيشتؤتة ئةم ئاستةى ئةمرؤمان، ئةمةرؤيةك كة ثةيوةنديةكانى نيَوان دةولَةتةكانى جيهان لةلايةك وة هاولاتيان و دةولَةتةكان لة لايةكى تروة هيَندة خيَرابوة كة دةتوانين لةماوةى ضةند خولةكيَك ، ثةيوةندى بة دورترين شويَنى جيهانةوة بكةيت ، كة هةموو ئةمانةش لة ئةنجامى ثيَشكةوتنى تةكنةلؤجياى ثةيوةندى و زانياريةكانة (ICT).

     هةموو حكومةتيَك كة دادةمةزريَت ئامانجى سةرةكى خزمةت كردنى كؤمةلَطا و بةرِيَوةبردنى يةتى بة شيَوةيةكى باش، بةلاَم ئةوةى كة دةبيَت رِةضاو بكريَت ليَرةدا ئةوةية كة تةنها بةرِيَوةبردنى كاروبارى خةلَك و ثيَشكةش كردنى خزمةت طوزاريةكان بةس نين بةلَكو دةبيَت ضؤنيةتى  ثيَشكةش كردن و بةرِيَوةبردنى خزمةت طوزارى و كاروبارةكانى هاونيشتمانيان بةهةند وةربطيريَت، ئةمةش لة ريَطةى  بةكارهيَنانى شيَوازى نويَ لة بةرِيَوة بردنى كاروبارةكان و ثيَشكةش كردنى خزمةت طوزاريةكان . هةر بؤية لة ولاَتانى ثيَشكةوتوى جيهاندا بةطشتى و ولاتانى  ئةوروثا و ئةمريكا بة تايبةتى بيرؤكةى حكومةتى ئةلكترؤنى دةركةوت وةك ريَطةيةكى  تازة بؤ ئةداى ضالاكيةكانى حكومةت و دام و دةزطاكانى بة شيَوةيةكى خيَرا و كواليتيَكى بةرزتر ، كة هةموو ئةمانةش خؤى لةخؤيدا ريَطة خؤش كةرة بؤ ضون بةرةو حوكمرانى دروست (Good Governance ).
Analysis of performance standards in the educational institution College of Business and Economics, Sulaimaniyah University as a model
Authors: Hussein Ali Jalal , Abd-Ali Khalid Haidar
Published: July 2020

The analysis of performance quality standards in the educational institution considering that it’s one of the most important service sectors which is one of the most important fields in which creativity and scientific research are stimulated in a direction for achieving continuous development as a service for the community.

The college of administration and economics in the University of Sulaimaniyah was chosen as example to apply these standards in the frame of instructions that was set by the ministry of higher education in the Kurdistan region as a basis to achieve the reform, change and development in this field.
The role of electronic polarization in human resources management on the success of organizations Farouk Medical City in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Ham Salah Ata Adam , Rostam Kawa Muhammad
Published: July 2020

يعد الاستقطاب من المهام الاستراتيجية، والاستثمارات الهامة، في إدارة المنظمات، الامر الذي يتطلب تخصيص الوقت والجهد والموارد اللازمة له. فنجاح المنظمات في تحقيق أهدافها يعتمدعلى إيجاد وتوظيف الكفاءات المناسبة. وزاد الاعتماد في الآونة الاخيرة على تكنولوجيا المعلومات في عمليات الاستقطاب، وغدت شبكة الانترنت أداة اقتصادية، وسهلة، وسريعة، لاستقطاب المهارات المختلفة. فقد انتجت شبكة الانترنيت سوقاً عالمياً للعمالة يسهل الوصول إليها، ومن خلالها لم تعد هناك حدود جغرافية. وبات من السهل على المنظمات الاتصال السريع بعدد ضخم من المرشحين الذين يملكون أعلى المهارات والمعارف والقدرات في مناطق جغرافية واسعة.
The impact of the means of communication on family relationships
Authors: Hussein Twana Faraidun
Published: July 2020

This research tries to access to a range of outcomes, and to answer the fundamental question, a search (What is the impact of the means of communication on family relationships?).Try researcher through the form of a questionnaire to collect information in the field of the research community and in order to achieve his goal, And it relied on the questionnaire form for being an important means used extensively in sociology studies, The center of the city of Sulaymaniyah spatial boundaries of the search, where it is taken (200) and a sample search unit and distributed to three different areas (rich, middle and poor) by taking a stratified random sample, The fact that the population of the city of Sulaymaniyah different in terms of economic and cultural level, it's easy to take the mixed researcher and different sample representing the research community in terms of level, category, and class. They were assembled for the purpose of research and study.

     It must be pointed out that this research is particularly important at the present time because the means of communication have spread widely in the Kurdish community and become accessible to everyone on the one hand, on the other hand, the number of users of these methods is increasing day by day, This is in addition to the increased demand for them constantly, making conduct such research in this importance area to see its impact on family relationships, and knowledge of its money from the effects (negative and positive) It is known that this means a double-edged her weapon of negative and positive effects at the same time, It must be the effort to reduce the negative effects of these tools and become members of the community in the service, and most importantly of all, do educate individuals on how to deal with these tools properly.

It also offers search a set of proposals and recommendations to the concerned authorities to work out and strengthen the community in front of the challenges of the era of globalization of communications and response, where he became the Kurdish community a society open to the outside world through these means, which resulted in a change of values and social norms and behaviors that were adhered to by members of the community.
The Impact of work motivation on Employee’s Job Satisfaction in different Organizations
Authors: Mahmood Faraydoon M.
Published: July 2020

The research made an attempt to explore the relationship between job satisfaction and work motivation. Job satisfaction has been treated as an independent and motivation as a dependent variable. The participators were the employees of different offices in Sulaymaniyah – Kurdistan. The data has been collected from 41 employees. Researcher collected primary data and used two different types of standard questionnaires. Findings provide that job satisfaction has affected by motivation.
Translation Constraints and Procedures to Overcome them in Rendering Journalistic Texts
Authors: Rasul Sabir Hasan
Published: July 2020

Even the simplest, most basic requirement we make of translation cannot be met without difficulty: one cannot always match the content of a message in language A by an expression with exactly the same content in language B, because what can be expressed and what must be expressed is a property of a specific language in much the same way as how it can be expressed.
      Translation cannot be done without difficulties and constraints, no matter what languages are involved. It is more so in translating between English and Kurdish, which are marked by different linguistic systems and socio-cultural incongruities. When encountered with translation constraints, translators usually resort to employing translation procedures in a bid to eliminate such difficulties and ultimately achieve translation adequacy. This study aims to identify the patterns of translation constraints encountered when translating journalistic texts from English into Kurdish, as well as identify the patterns of translation procedures employed to overcome such constraints. The aim behind this endeavour is to first better understand the working process of professional or semi-professional journalist-translators working into Kurdish, and secondly, to heighten trainee translators’ awareness and introduce them to the nature and patterns of translation difficulties and the translation procedures undertaken to overcome such difficulties.
Problems facing Kurdish students in learning Arabic (University of Human Development and Sulaymaniyah as a model)
Authors: Nasrualldeen Abduallah Adham
Published: July 2020

يتناول البحث تعلُّمَ العربية لغير الناطقين بها كلغة ثانية، ويتحدث عن طبيعة الدارسين لها وجنسياتهم وبيئتهم ويشير إلى تلك المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة القومية الكردية في تعلمهم العربية في الجامعات الكردية، والبحث بطبيعته قائم على دراسة ميدانية أجراها الباحث من خلال ورقة استبيان على طلبة القومية الكردية كون  لغتهم أقرب إلى العربية بيئيَّاً وجغرافياً، وقد تمَّ هذا الإجراء الاستبياني في جامعتي (السليمانية ، والتنمية البشرية إنموذجا) في كردستان العراق، ونتج عنه كبذرة أولى ماهية المشكلات والصعوبات التي تواجههم في تعلُّمهم العربية كلغة ثانية؛ إذ إنَّ الطالب الكردي يدخل في الكلية وهمُّه أن يتعلم اللغة العربية لكنه ينصدم ببعض العوائق والمشكلات التي تكون حاجزا منيعا بينه وبين تعلمه العربية.

وإنَّ من تلك المشكلات المفترضة نوعية المنهج المقرر، وطرق تدريس العربية ، والوسائل التعليمية لها، وغيرها من المشكلات والعوائق التي أخذها الباحث بنظر الاعتبار مما سينتبه إليها في ثنايا البحث ويذكر نسبها ونوعياتها بالتفصيل.

وقد خرج الباحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي من أهمها:

بالنسبة للاستنتاجات فإن المنهج المقرر ليس في مستوى المتعلمين ولا بد من مراعاة مستواه والمتعلمين، وكذلك الوسائل التعليمية وطرق التدريس فهي تحتاج إلى تعديل متطور، وكذلك إبعاد اللهجة العاميَّة أثناء التعليم وغيرها.

بالنسبة للتوصيات فلا بد من الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار وضع منهج مقرر يتناسب مع مستويات المتعلمين، وخلق بيئة مؤثرة على نفسية المتعلمين من خلال الترغيب المطلوب وإيجاد مشاريع عمل مستقبلية لهم وقاعات عمل تطبيقية وغيرها.
The Legend of Sisyphus in Contemporary Arabic Poetry
Authors: Ali-Khan Media Mohsen
Published: July 2020

تُعد الأسطورة من المواضيع الشيقة التي أثارت انتباه الشعراء والنقاد والباحثين , لقد شاهدنا منذ منتصف القرن الماضي توجهاً واسعا نحو الاسطورة بكل أنواعها و الأساطير اليونانية على وجه التحديد , و هذا التوجه لايزال قائماً الى يومنا هذا , فأردنا أن نبيّن الأسباب التي أدت الى هذا الأمر , صحيح أن الأبحاث التي أُجريت حول الاسطورة عديدة و لكننا نرى هذا الحقل واسعاً لدرجة تتَّسع لعشرات بل لمئات الابحاث الأخرى , وهذا البحث يركز على مفهوم الاسطورة وإنعكاس شخصية سيزيف في الشعر العربي المعاصر, وتكمن أهمية البحث في أنه يتمحور حول شخصية اسطورية اختلف الشعراء في تفسيرهم لرمزيتها كل حسب رؤيته لهذه الشخصية. ففي قراءاتنا للشعر العربي المعاصر تعارفنا عدة مرات على إسطورة سيزيف فرأيناها رمزاً للعذاب الأبدي    و اليأس و اللاجدوى تارةً و رمزاً للأمل و المقاومة تارةً أُخرى , و كيف ذلك ؟ كيف يحمل الشيء الواحد نقيضَين ؟ مَن الذي وُفِقَ في فهمه لهذه الاسطورة ؟ هل هناك جهة رابحة و جهة خاسرة في تطرقهم لسيزيف ؟ كيف رأى الشعراء سيزيف ؟ هذا ما نحاول الوصول اليه في هذا البحث.

والبحث مقسَّم الى مبحثين : المبحث الأول: الاسطورة و تلهُّف الشاعر العربي المعاصر لها , و المبحث الثاني: أسطورة سيزيف في الشعر العربي المعاصر, وهذا مِن خلال نماذج شعرية من الشعر العربي المعاصر .

وتضمَّنت الخاتمة أبرز النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.
A Strategic Planning of Developing Student Information Management System Using SWOT Technique
Authors: Sarhan Luay Idrees , Atroshi Akeela M. , Ahmed Nawzat S.
Published: July 2020

The strategic planning of developing any information system is the key factor of progress any organization. Hence, SWOT (Strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis for the strategic planning of developing information system has proved to be a good analysis tool for further development and progress of the universities/organization. Further, the implementation of computerized student information management system has become an important issue within the university campus to exchange such information between students and staff. Many studies have developed student information system through the converting of paper-based system to computer-based system in order to facilitate the work of staff. However, none of these studies focused on the development of such systems based on the strategic planning using SWOT technique. Therefore, this research focuses on the requirements needed to develop student information system based on the aforementioned strategic planning technique. Some universities located in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq have been tacking to do the investigation. Moreover, SWOT technique was selected to find strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of developing such system. The findings of this research were processed as matching strengths with opportunities and converting weaknesses or threats to strengths or opportunities. Based on the results, it has been found that the need to address student information systems is of utmost importance now more than ever in order to survive and continue in the competition environment.
Proposed Approach for Enhancement of QoE to Support e-Society
Authors: Al-Janabi Sufyan T. , Hama Ghareeb Dana Kareem
Published: July 2020

In recent years, multimedia services and social media applications have become extremely popular as they have been accessed by laptop computers and mobile devices. These can be considered as basic communications functionalities required for building e-society. The heterogeneity of hardware capabilities and network environments result in big challenges for service providers in always providing users with a satisfying experience. The meaning of Quality of Experience (QoE) reflects the degree of a user’s subjective satisfaction, which can be different from the Quality of Service (QoS) concept as QoS is solely related to objective system performance metrics, such as the bandwidth, delay, and loss rate. In this work, we propose a general approach for improving QoE through QoS such as to support various e-society applications and services. Various models and parameters related to this issue are reviewed. The proposal represents a framework that considers different aspects such as classification, marking, routing, and queuing to achieve better controlling of relative QoS parameters.
Web Search Enhancement Using WordNet Query Expansion Technique
Authors: Al-Khateeb Belal , Hilal Ali J. , Al-Janabi Sufyan T.
Published: July 2020

Search on the internet is a very important process for most people as many people use search engines to do research, obtain scientific documents, browse social networks (such as Facebook, twitter, etc.), email, etc. The user's ability to find useful information by using the right keywords in the query is considered as the main challenge in the search process. Sometimes, the user uses keywords that have more than one meaning where every meaning has more than one keyword to describe it. The proposed system aims to select the right meaning of the keywords and expanding the query to other keywords that have same meaning using WordNet. After the query expansion is done, Google search engine is used to do the search. The obtained results are promising, opening further research directions for enhancing the search process.
Thought Centers and their Impact on Public Policy Making in the Kurdistan Region (Critical Study)
Authors: Fattah Omed Rafiq
Published: July 2020

Today, think tanks and research centers are the most important indictors to assess the state development and expect the possibilities for the future. According to academic and scientific perception, these think tanks offer scientific research and analysis for all the issues and problems facing the state. From this perspective, the think tanks deals with the causes of the problems, offer recommendations and solutions.

This research is mainly an attempt to investigate the obstacles and opportunities of the think tanks in Kurdistan region. By doing this, we can determine the capability of Kurdistan in terms of research, and also we can inform the Kurdish decision makers in Kurdistan that in today's world the process of making decision is not related with the personal mood or personalization, but rational. For instance, the policy makers in the modern countries such as the United States, in their decisions and public policy largely depend on the recommendations and solutions that are given by think tanks, which is why the United States allocates large amounts of money for think
Financial Constraints of Good Governance in Kurdistan
Authors: Hussein Al - Dakheel Ahmed Khalaf
Published: July 2020

يشكل المال عنصراً في ركن السلطة السياسية في الدولة ، فلما كانت عملية صرف النفقة العامة ترتبط ارتباطاً وثيقاً بوجود الحاجات العامة وضرورة اشباعها من خلال تقديم الخدمات العامة وذلك بالاستعانة بالإيرادات العامة ،فان ذلك كله يعتمد اعتماداً مباشراً على وجود الدولة ، فلا يمكن الحديث عن أي منهما إلا بعد أن نفرغ من توافر الاركان الثلاثة من شعب وإقليم وسلطة سياسية، وإذا كان المال عنصراً في ركن السلطة فإنه يلعب لذلك دوراً فعالاً في اقامة الحكم الرشيد.
Illegal guarantees of the legitimacy of state authority
Authors: Sadeq Falah Mustafa
Published: July 2020

In this research, we shown that there are legal guarantees that works to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals from the arbitrariness of the state authorities, and in the case of counting the ability of the legal guarantees to provide the necessary protection for the rights and public freedoms by ensuring the legitimacy of state power.

And then we checked control organized political forces represented in media censorship and control of civil Society organizations, through a statement the concept of each of them, and determine the types, as well as the respective roles in ensuring the legitimacy of power through the control exercised by the work of the Authority for individual rights and freedoms guaranteed,and we chose to try to address a statement the concept of revolutionary censorship and types, as well as clarify the jurisprudence own legal adaptation of the revolutionary control and its impact on changing the political system in the state, and the right of people to self-determination through the exercise of this kind of control to ensure the legality of state power.We were checked in this study types A non - legal guarantee of the People's control, and control of organized political forces, and control revolutionary, we focus in our research on the statement types of popular oversight of protests and demonstrations, through the statement of the definition of each of them, and to clarify the types, and a comparison between the different legislation and look at each of them to two term Aforementioned.
ئەبولقاسمی لاهوتی ڕەوتی سياسی و پەيوەندی بە جوڵانەوەی سمكۆی شكاكەوە
Authors: Myka Hardi Mahdi
Published: July 2020

ئةبولقاسمي لاهوتي، كورديَكي كرماشانية، لة ئةديبة رضةشكيَنةكاني ئةدةبي هاوضةرخي ئيَران و سياسةتمةداريَكي كاريطةري ناو روداوةكاني سالَاني ١٩٠٥-١٩٢٢.ز ئيَران و ناوضة كوردنشينةكانة. شاعيريَكي ياخي و ثيَشةنط و يةكةميةكاني شيعري هاوضةرخي ئيَرانة، لة يةكةمين سياسية كردةييةكانة كة بة كودةتايةك بةرةنطاري كودةتاكةي رةزاخان (رةزاشاي دواتر) و سةيد زيائوددين بوويةوة و باوةرِي وابوو هاتنة سةركاري رةزاخان مةترسيدارة و ثيَضةوانةي بزوتنةوةي ريفؤرمخوازية و سةرةتاي ضةسثاندني ئيستيبدادة لة ئيَران، هةرواش بوو ضونكة دواتر دةولَةتي مةركةزي وئيستيبدادي رةزاشاي ثةهلةوي ليَكةوتةوة.

       جيا لةمانةش لاهوتي ضالاكية سياسي و ئةدةبيةكاني راستةوخؤ و ناراستةوخؤ ثةيوةنديدار بوون بة بزاوتي سياسي وكؤمةلَايةتي كؤمةلَطةي كوردي ئةو دةمةوة، ض وةك ئةدةب و ض وةك ضالاكي سياسي و كودةتاكةي تةوريَز-ي. بة تايبةت ثةيوةندي و كاريطةري و كارتيَكةري بة جولَانةوةي رزطاريخوازي كورد و شؤرِشةكةي سمكؤي شكاكةوة هةبووة.

     زياتر لةوةش بة هؤي ئةوةي نيوةي ريَكي تةمةني لة يةكيَتي سؤظيةت بةسةربرد، هةر لةويَوة بيروراكاني لاهوتي كاريطةري دياريان لةسةر روانطةي رؤذهةلَاتناساني روسي لةبارةي كوردةوة جيَهيَشت، ليَرةدا هةولَدراوة لةريَي تويَذينةوةيةكي لاهوتي، سةرنج و روانينةكاني لةسةر كورد رون بكريَتةوة.

     طرنطي ئةم تويَذينةوةية لة خستةرِو و شيكاري ئةو خالَانةي سةرةوة سةرضاوة دةطريَت و زياتر لةوةش كةسايةتي و سياسةت و كاريطةريةكاني لة ناوةندة ئةكاديميةكاني كوردستاندا نةبووةتة جيَطةي ليَتويَذينةوة و مشتومرِ. لة ناوةندة ئةكاديميةكاني ئيَرانيشدا زياتر وةك ئةديبيَكي ئيَراني و فارسينووس بووةتة بابةتي تويَذينةوةكان.

      بؤ سةرضاوةكاني تويَذينةوةكة سود لة ياداشتة هاوضةرخةكاني ئيَرانيةكان وةرطيراوة (كة لة روي كات و شويَنةوة هاوذيان وهاوشويَني لاهوتي بوون)، هةروةها ثشت بة ضةند بةلَطةنامةية ئةرشيفي كتيَبخانةي ثةرلةماني ئيَران و ضةندين سةرضاوةي ديكةي ثةيوةست بة ذياني ئةبولقاسمي لاهوتي بةستراوة، كة راستةوخؤ و ناراستةوخؤ شاهيَدي روداو و ضالاكيةكاني ئةو بوون.
ئەحمەد موختار جاف وەك چەشنيێك لە ڕۆشنبير
Authors: Qader Lhon
Published: July 2020

The poet represents a distinctive cultural and literary movement among his contemporary intellectuals. His poetic works in general and his stories in particular offer a contemporary viewpoint to his readers of various intellectual, social and political aspects. His inquiries about the nature of life and happiness, the way to awareness and political justice, the functions of religion and state, his skepticism about the concept of nobility, and his appreciation to learning and knowledge, etc.: all these would generally form a reformation project, socially and culturally, where all these aspects are considered to be a result of a structural analysis of the text.
The Assassins: ancestors of modern Muslim suicide bombers?
Authors: Abdulrahman Salam Abdulqadir
Published: July 2020

This article examines the methods and motivations of suicide assassination of the Assassins and draws similarity between them and modern Muslim suicide bombers. Current literature about suicide bombing often focuses on socio, economic and political factors and describes it as a revenge for injustice and bad conditions of life in general. This article does not deny the fact that there can be multiple motives and factors behind the individuals who commit acts of suicide bombing and that there are always political gains for the organisers, however it highlights the main driving force which is religion and a strong belief in the afterlife pleasure that motivates individuals to end their lives and the lives of others.

This article attempts to find ancestors for modern Muslim suicide bombers in an order called the Assassins lived from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. The significance of this finding lies in the fact that there is something deep about suicide bombing; the Assassins lived in an environment very different from ours, yet they practiced suicide assassinations for a very long time. Agents of the Assassins were going through a long process of indoctrination and they were motivated by Paradise upon death.

In this article the history of this order is reviewed while their assassination activity is underscored. The article brings some examples from modern suicide bombers and highlights their similarities to the Assassins. It relies on the secondary sources available about the subject.

One finding is that there might be political gains for the organisers of suicide assassination or suicide bombing but for the individuals committing the act it is more the idea of Paradise and afterlife pleasure that drive them toward it. Thereby this article has its own contribution to the literature by makes recommendation to how to fight the root of this problem.
Towards a rational public policy in Iraq
Authors: Hassa Al-anbake Taha Hameed
Published: July 2020

أضحت النظم السياسية المعاصرة تولي السياسة العامة إهتماماً بالغ الأهمية وذلك من منطلق إن فاعلية النظام السياسي ونجاعته تتوقف على تبني سياسة عامة راشدة، وتستدعي الأخيرة العمل من قبل كل مكونات وعناصر هذا النظام بروح الفريق الواحد وعبر الاسترشاد بمنهجية علمية مدروسة وقابلة للتنفيذ بفاعلية على الأرض، وهذا هو معيار التمييز بين النظم السياسية المتطورة التي ذللت بل وإجتازت كل التحديات والعقبات والأزمات- بدءاً بأزمة بناء الدولة مروراً بأزمة بناء الأمة وأزمة التوزيع وإنتهاءً بأزمة المشاركة- التي تعترض سبيلها نحو تحقيق الرفاهية لشعوبها، وبين النظم السياسية المتأخرة أو الفاشلة التي يعد العراق من قبيل تلك النظم وذلك بفعل عدم تبني القائمين على إدارة مؤسساته الدستورية والسياسية الرسمية وشبه الرسمية وغير الرسمية سياسة عامة واضحة المعالم.
An Optimized Method Implemented In Analyzing of Organ System Using Intelligent Tools
Authors: Hamed Raed , Hameed Safa A.
Published: July 2020

The paper proposes an efficient approach applied in DNA base calling, which concerns efficiency and sensitivity. We utilized the Neuro-Fuzzy model in the analysis issues to determine the confidence value prediction in DNA base calling, that is solved by several attempts applied in the MATLAB tool, the model is implemented for the collected data for each base in the DNA sequencing. The model is designed by using the ANFIS tool, which contains  three subsystems a main system. We obtain three features (peakness, height, and spacing) for each base from the three subsystems and in the main system use these three features as the input to predict the confidence value for each base in the DNA. This achieves a high accuracy in the obtained results with high-performance.
The Spread of E-Commerce in Middle East Compared with the Global World
Authors: Al-Ani Muzhir Shaban
Published: July 2020

E-commerce has changed the way you buy and sell online. The Internet offers a quick and easy way for people to buy things without having to visit a real store. High-performance Internet in the world and the adaptation of advanced technologies, which have led to great prosperity in the e-business environment. Obviously, we cannot separate the regional isolation world from the rest of the world because of international globalization that deals with trade and commerce as its interventions and commitments around the world. There is no doubt that for anyone developed countries have taken the lead in this area and these countries for their physical and technical support to develop this work. As for the world of the Middle East, the situation is different when it is said that a large part of the community does not rely on the treatment of the electronic environment.
Reform of criminal Code and Requirements building of Good Governance
Authors: Isa Hassan Abd-Ali
Published: July 2020

The law is a key input for the establishment of good governance, it is no guarantee the rule of law cannot achieve good governance in the community requirements. So the law must be responsive to the objectives which aims to achieve good governance on the one hand, and the line with the social, economic and political transformations concurrent with his other hand. This dialectical relationship assumes without doubt the various branches of law reform, including the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969.

The purpose statement that includes research on two aspects, the first focuses on clarifying dialectical relationship between good governance and reform of the Penal Code. The second shows the main directions of the reform of the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, with a focus on the most important, in the light of contemporary criminal policy. It is limited to the (humanization of the criminal law), and (expand criminalization circle), and (internationalization of the criminal law).
The role of Saudi Arabia in the Salafi movement
Authors: Rached Kardo , Abdul-Rahman Salam Abdulqader
Published: July 2020

من اهم الموضوعات التي تهم المجال الاكاديميي بالنسبة للجامعات والمؤسسات الفكرية، هي (الفكر السلفي ومدي تأثيره على الدولة) حيث حازت على إهتمام الاكاديمين الغربين، وخاصة بعد هجمات الحادي عشر من سيبتمبر 2001، وقبل هذا التأريخ كانت هناك العديد من البحوث التي تمحورت حول الجماعات الاسلامية كالإخوان المسلمين في مصر، وحركة النهضة في تونس، أما فيما يخص الفكر السلفي فكانت البحوث في الجامعات الاوربية محدودة.
Cache coherence protocol design using VMSI (Valid Modified Shared Invalid) states
Authors: Jalil Luma Fayeq , H. Al-Rawi Maha Abdul kareem , Al-Nakshabandi Abeer Diaa
Published: July 2020

We have proposed in this research the design of a new protocol named VMSI coherence protocol in the cache in order to solve the problem of coherence which is the incompatibility of data between caches that appeared in recent multiprocessors system through the operations of reading and writing. The main purpose of this protocol is to increase processor efficiency by reducing traffic between processor and memory that have been achieved through the removal of the write back to the main memory in the case of reading or writing of shared caches because it depends on existing directory inside that cache which contains all the data that represents a subset of main memory.
Design a Mobile Learning Framework for students in Higher Education
Authors: Ahmed Awder Mohammed , Ghareb Mazen Ismaeel
Published: July 2020

ML (mobile learning) has extended e-learning to a new paradigm of “anywhere, anytime learning”. The use of 3G and 4G Phones (high-speed data transfer) will be represented as a great opportunity for both learners and teachers to meet together, access and exchange information in virtual spaces whilst on the move. The aim of this work is to design a mobile learning framework for Students in higher education. Thus, this will provide better quality of teaching. Additionally, Mobile learning (M-learning) has turned into a critical instructive innovation part in advanced education. M-learning makes it workable for students to learn, team up, and impart thoughts among each other as much as web innovation and improvements will allow. In any case, M-learning acknowledgment by learners and instructors is basic to the occupations of M-learning frameworks. Attitudes towards M-learning innovation is an imperative method to measuring whether or not learners and instructors are prepared to utilize M-learning. Such  attitudes will serve to distinguish qualities and shortcomings and encourage the advancement of the innovation foundation. We will investigate students and instructors' state of the arts in using M-learning in higher institutes for some of Private and Public universities of Ministry of higher education. As a result of student feedback regarding M-learning methods of teaching, a suitable framework for M-learning is proposed by reviewing many other frameworks and also by the analysis of results of a survey that asked many students and staff in higher education fields.
Impact of Civil Society on Good Governance
Authors: Al-Sauri Hassan
Published: July 2020

أدبيات الحكم الراشد لم تتطرق إلى الدور الذي تؤديه منظمات المجتمع المدني في احتمال نجاحه وترسيخه أو فشله تعثراً أو موتاً. لم تتوفر دراسات مباشرة في الموضوع هذا بحيث يوجد ما يشبه القواعد الاجتماعية الضرورية لبناء ورعاية نظام سياسي راشد. ركزت الدراسات على ماهية الحكم الراشد وآلياته وأشكاله المختلفة، ولكنها أغفلت أساسيات الانتقال إليه من نظم الاستبداد. كانت هذه هي مشكلة الدراسة، والتساؤلات المتعلقة بها لبحث الإجابات الممكنة، تتضمن أسئلة الدراسة الآتي:

هل هنالك أي علاقة بين منظمات المجتمع المدني والحكم الراشد؟ أتكون هذه علاقة إيجابية أم سلبية؟ كيف يكون تأثيرها على آليات الحكم الراشد؟ المنهج الضروري لهذه الدراسة هو المنهج المتكامل الذي يتضمن الوصف والتاريخ والقانون.

  الفرضية الأساسية تقول: توجد علاقة إيجابية بين نجاح الحكم الراشد ودور منظمات المجتمع المدني التي يعتبر نشاطها مساعداً لنمو ورعاية منهج قبول الآخر والتعايش معه كمحور أساسي للعملية الديمقراطية. ذلك هو منهج التوفيق بين الآراء والمواقف المتعارضة. يتكون هذا البحث من مقدمة وعدد من المحاور تتمثل في ماهية الحكم الراشد وآلياته، والكيفية التي تعمل بها هذه الآليات، ثم علاقة ذلك بوظيفة منظمات المجتمع المدني المرتبطة بالعملية التدريبية القائمة على منهج استيعاب الآخر لا منهج إقصائه.
Genocide of minorities and development of coping mechanisms in international law
Authors: Ali Isa Hussein Abd
Published: July 2020

The crime ofgenocide,one of the leadinginternationalcrimes committedagainst minoritiesin the world.In spite of theinternational and regionalmeasures andinternal(national) to contend with, but this crimeis stillbeing committed invarious countries around theworld, especially inmodern times. So itmusttake additional measures toconfront anddeter. Within the scope ofthis researchwill bea special focuson the development ofinternational legal mechanismsto address them.
The role of the level of accounting disclosure in financial reports on the efficiency of the stock market from the point of view of the auditors in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Authors: Isa Sirwan Kareem , Hama Saeed Vyan Sulaiman , Ahmad Dler Musa
Published: July 2020

يهدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على دور الافصاح المحاسبي في التقارير المالية من وجهة نظر مراقبي الحسابات لغرض  تحـسين كفاءة سوق الاوراق المالية ، ولتحقيـق الاهـداف المطلوبة من البحث ، فقد قام الباحثين باعداد استمارة استبيانQuestionnaire)) وبالاستفادة مـن  بعض الدراسات السابقة في مجال بحثهما ، وقد تكون الاستبيان من (  12  ) سـؤالا  موجـه  للمـراقبي الحسابات  وموزعة على جزء رئيسي وهي: 

مستوى الافصاح في التقارير المالية ودورها في كفاءة سوق الاوراق المالية  من وجهة نظر مراقبي الحسابات في اقليم كوردستان. 

 تم توزيع (57) إستبانة على (المراقبي الحسابات)، وقد بلغ عدد المستجبين (54) أما الإستمارات المقبولة والصالحة للتحليل فقد بلغ (52) ،حيث كانت خيارات الاجابات على وفقا لمقياس ليكرت الخماسي ( اتفق تماما" – اتفق – محايد – لااتفق – لااتفق تماما" ) وذلك بهـدف  معرفة الدور الذي يمكن ان تؤديه الافصاح المحاسبي في التقارير المالية للشركات المدرجة فـي  سوق الاوراق المالية في اقليم كوردستان  وتأثيرها في انشاء سوق كفوءة وتحسين القرارت التي يتخذها المستثمرين المتعاملين في هذه السوق.

ومن اهم نتائج البحث كانت ان لمستوى الافصاح للتقارير دور كبير على كفاءة السوق المالي في الاقليم  من وجهة النظر المراقبي الحسابات .

وفي ضوء هذه النتائج قدم الباحثين مجموعة من التوصيات ومن  اهمها من الضروري التزام بالمستوى الافصاح  للتقارير المالية لاجل حصول على سوق مالي كفوء ونشط في الاقليم كوردستان في المستقبل.
The impact of economic diversification on improving the investment climate in Iraq for the period 2003-2014
Authors: Fahd Aysar Yaseen , Jasm Ahmed Muhammad
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the nature and volume of FDI inflows to Iraq during the period between 2003 and 2014 with reference to its importance in diversifying sources of income and reduce the risk of over-reliance on oil revenues, which exceed 97% of total public revenues.

The study showed that the lack of pre-drawn strategy and prevented in attracting domestic and foreign investment without making the Iraqi economy a favorable climate to attract investment or directing those investment which entered to the sectors that are capable to contribute to the achievement of a genuine development through their effective contribution to capital formation and to its connections with the front and rear rest sectors.
The role of the industrial city in Sulaymaniyah - Arabat in encouraging domestic and foreign investments
Authors: Ali Younis , Jalal Amanj
Published: July 2020

It has become a subject of growth and development conditional on the role of the industrial sector, which is place and areas where fundamental services are constituents is the main components to development of the industry. Therefore, the industrial Zone has a significant role in achieving these goals, and especially in attracting domestic and foreign investments. Additionally, this research deals with the study and evaluation of the role of industrial Zone in the Sulaimani governorate by identifying and diagnosing problem and obstacles in the industrial Zone in the Sulaimani governorate, as well as to identify and provide strategies and solutions to overcome these obstacles, and then use them to encourage and attract domestic and foreign investments.

Besides, the most important findings of the study that despite suffering the Sulaimani industrial Zone of lack infrastructure, financial and administrative obstacles for investors (domestic and foreign), but the role of industrial zone of Sulaimani in the exploitation of local resources and job creation relatively high, which is (61%) and (80%), respectively. Thus, it is necessary Kurdistan government (The concerned authorities in the province of Sulaimani) Work on the appropriate economic and trade policies to encourage domestic and foreign investors to set up their projects and invest capitals within the industrial zone of Sulaimani, which is by increasing the incentives and tax breaks, and work to establish a private bank to finance projects within the industrial zone.
The role of activating work ethic in reducing manifestations of administrative corruption
Authors: Aljaf Nazima Ahmed , Sadq Zana Majeed , Hassan Ryam Salah
Published: July 2020

This study seeks to activate the job carrier ethic in curbing the phenomenon of administrative corruption. To achieve the objectives of this study secondary data collected to clarify the concepts of both job carrier ethic and administrative corruption. In addition to design and development a survey questionnaire distributed to the administrative leadership of deans and their assistants as well as the heads of scientific departments at Koya University Kurdistan Region –Iraq. The study problem embodied in a basis question that: What is the role of job carrier ethic in the reduction of administrative corruption and its demonstration in the view of the respondents. Two main hypotheses will be tested:

Correlation hypothesis: there is a statistically significant correlation between the activation of job carrier ethic in reducing the phenomenon of administrative corruption.

2. Impact hypothesis: There is a significant impact of job carrier ethic on reducing the phenomenon of administrative corruption.

SPSS program used along with a range of statistical methods for the purposes of analyzing the questionnaire items including percentages and frequency to analyze the respondent's answers of paragraphs contained in the questionnaire. In order to testing the study hypothesis, the study will rely on the correlation coefficient (Pearson) to test the correlation between study variables. Moreover, multiple regression analysis will be used to determine the impact of the independent variable (job carrier ethic) on dependent variable (administrative corruption). The study found that there is a positive correlation and an impact between activate the job carrier ethic in curbing the phenomenon of administrative corruption.  Based on the above, this study recommends the necessitate of university management to work to make greater efforts to infuse the concept of ethics career as one-dimensional organizational and regulatory environment appropriate to provide the personnel as well as introduce the concept of career work ethic in institutes and universities within their curricula independent in the years of the study.