bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning to Align Comments to News Topics
Authors: Hou Lei , Li Juanzi , Li Xiao-Li , Tang Jie , Guo Xiaofei
Published: July 2017

With the rapid proliferation of social media, increasingly more people express their opinions and reviews (user-generated content (UGC)) on recent news articles through various online services, such as news portals, forums, discussion groups, and microblogs. Clearly, identifying hot topics that users greatly care about can improve readers’ news browsing experience and facilitate research into interaction analysis between news and UGC. Furthermore, it is of great benefit to public opinion monitoring and management for both industry and government agencies. However, it is extremely time consuming, if not impossible, to manually examine the large amount of available social content. In this article, we formally define the news comment alignment problem and propose a novel framework that: (1) automatically extracts topics from a given news article and its associated comments, (2) identifies and extends positive examples with different degrees of confidence using three methods (i.e., hypersphere, density, and cluster chain), and (3) completes the alignment between news sentences and comments through a weighted-SVM classifier. Extensive experiments show that our proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Altered Brain Functional Connectivity in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients after Chemotherapy Treatment: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Bromis Konstantinos , Gkiatis Kostakis , Karanasiou Irene , Matsopoulos George , Karavasilis Eustratios , Papathanasiou Matilda , Efstathopoulos Efstathios , Kelekis Nikolaos , Kouloulias Vasileios
Published: July 2017

Previous studies in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients have mainly focused on exploring neurocognitive deficits associated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Little is known about functional brain alterations that might occur due to chemotherapy treatment in this population before PCI is administered. For this reason, we used resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to examine potential functional connectivity disruptions in brain networks, including the Default Mode Network (DMN), the Sensorimotor Network, and the Task-Positive Network (TPN). Nineteen SCLC patients after platinum-based chemotherapy treatment and thirteen controls were recruited in the current study. ROI-to-ROI and Seed-to-Voxel analyses were carried out and revealed functional connectivity deficits in patients within all the networks investigated demonstrating the possible negative effect of chemotherapy in cognitive functions in SCLC populations.
Prescribed Renoprotective Chinese Herbal Medicines Were Associated with a Lower Risk of All‐Cause and Disease‐Specific Mortality among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population‐Based Follow‐Up Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Chuan-Fa , Chang Huan-Cheng , Huang Song-Lih , Chen Chien-Lung , Chen Wei-Ta , Yang Chen-Chang
Published: July 2017

Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) containing aristolochic acid (AA) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but some prescribed CHMs have been shown to possess renoprotective effects. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study to delineate the role of prescribed CHMs on the CKD progression. Renoprotective CHM (RPCHM) was defined if a CHM contained dong chong xia cao (Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc.), da huang (Rheum palmatum L), huang qi (Astragalus membranaceus), dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), and dong quai (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels) or belonged to specific mixture herbal formulations (Yishen capsule, Saireito, or Wen Pi Tang). Subjects who had ever used AA‐containing CHMs, had cancer or HIV prior to CKD diagnosis, or died within the first month of CKD diagnosis were excluded. A total of 11,625 patients were eligible subjects. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for all‐cause mortality was 0.6 (p < 0.001) and 0.6 (p = 0.013) among subjects receiving RPCHMs containing Angelica sinensis and those receiving other RPCHMs, respectively. For CKD‐related mortality, the aHR among subjects receiving RPCHMs containing Angelica sinensis was 0.6 (p = 0.025). The use of specific RPCHMs, especially those that contained Angelica sinensis, was associated with a lower risk of mortality among CKD patients.
Sparse Contribution Feature Selection and Classifiers Optimized by Concave-Convex Variation for HCC Image Recognition
Authors: Pang Wenbo , Jiang Huiyan , Li Siqi
Published: July 2017

Accurate classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) image is of great importance in pathology diagnosis and treatment. This paper proposes a concave-convex variation (CCV) method to optimize three classifiers (random forest, support vector machine, and extreme learning machine) for the more accurate HCC image classification results. First, in preprocessing stage, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) pathological images are enhanced using bilateral filter and each HCC image patch is obtained under the guidance of pathologists. Then, after extracting the complete features of each patch, a new sparse contribution (SC) feature selection model is established to select the beneficial features for each classifier. Finally, a concave-convex variation method is developed to improve the performance of classifiers. Experiments using 1260 HCC image patches demonstrate that our proposed CCV classifiers have improved greatly compared to each original classifier and CCV-random forest (CCV-RF) performs the best for HCC image recognition.
Neurodevelopment at 3 Years in Neonates Born by Vaginal Delivery versus Cesarean Section at <26 Weeks of Gestation: Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Registry in Japan
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Takeuchi Masato , Imai Takumi , Tanaka Shiro , Kawakami Koji ,   Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: July 2017

Background: A high proportion of extremely preterm (EPT) infants are born by cesarean section (CS). However, whether the mode of delivery is related to long-term neurodevelopment in these infants is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the mode of delivery is associated with mortality and long-term outcomes in EPT infants. Methods: We analyzed data of the Neonatal Research Network in Japan (NRNJ), a population-based, nationwide registry. Inclusion criteria were neonates who were born between 2003 and 2012 with a gestational age <26 weeks. The primary composite outcome was death before 3 years or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 3 years. Confounder-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic generalized linear mixed models, which accounted for clustering within hospitals. Results: 2,138 eligible infants (703 by vaginal delivery [VD] and 1,435 by CS) were identified for primary analysis. The composite outcome of death or NDI was not different between both groups (66.7% by VD and 62.7% by CS, p = 0.075). After multivariate analysis adjusting for confounders, we found that CS did not improve the composite outcome of death or NDI (OR = 0.839, 95% confidence interval = 0.816-1.328, p = 0.742). For secondary outcomes, mortality (OR = 0.824, p = 0.150), NDI (OR = 1.237, p = 0.165), and other neurodevelopmental outcomes were not different between the groups. Conclusions: Among neonates born at <26 weeks, CS does not improve mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years in the NRNJ cohort. However, because of several potential biases such as high rates of infants lost to follow-up, further evidence may be required.
Recurrent Meningioma of the Cervical Spine, Successfully Treated with Liposomal Doxorubicin
Authors: Read William L. , Williams Felicia
Published: July 2017

There is no standard systemic treatment for persons with recurrent meningioma who have exhausted surgery and radiation options. Liposomal doxorubicin is a cytotoxic chemotherapy which is sustainable and tolerable, with activity against a range of solid tumors. There exists one reported case of metastatic meningioma effectively treated with liposomal doxorubicin. We report a second case. Our patient, a 35-year-old man with recurrent meningioma compressing the cervical spinal cord received liposomal doxorubicin for 22 months with clinical improvement, minimal toxicity, and slow regression of his tumor. He is well and without progression 18 months after stopping chemotherapy and 4 years after his last progression event.
Ultrasound-Guided Transoral Videolaryngoscopic Surgery for Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Kazunori , Fukuhara Takahiro , Koyama Satoshi , Donishi Ryohei , Kataoka Hideyuki , Kitano Hiroya , Takeuchi Hiromi
Published: July 2017

Background: Endoscopic-assisted transoral surgery, including transoral robotic surgery for metastatic retropharyngeal lymph node (RPN) from well-differentiated thyroid cancer, has been reported to reduce the complications resulting from transcervical and transmandibular approaches. However, the narrow working space and difficulty identifying RPN are problematic. To solve these issues, several studies have used intraoperative ultrasound in endoscopic-assisted transoral surgery. However, the type of ultrasonography suitable for this purpose remains unclear. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old female with thyroid papillary carcinoma (T4aN1bM0) initially underwent total thyroidectomy and paratracheal and selective neck dissections (D2a), with resectional management of recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, and esophagus. Three years later, she was diagnosed with left retropharyngeal and upper mediastinal lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid cancer. Transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery was performed with a combination of ultrasonography with a flexible laparoscopic transducer manipulated with forceps for identifying RPN intraoperatively. Due to the transducer’s small size and thin, flexible cable, the transducer interrupted the procedure in spite of the narrowness of oral cavity. RPN was resected completely without adverse events. Conclusion: We performed intraoperative ultrasound-guided endoscopic transoral surgery for metastatic RPN from papillary thyroid cancer and achieved complete resection as well as preservation of swallowing function.
An Alternative Promoter in Intron1 of the Renin Gene is Regulated by Glucose Starvation via Serum Response Factor
Authors: Lutze Philipp , Wanka Heike , Bäumgen Inga , Staar Doreen , Grunow Bianka , Peters Jörg
Published: July 2017

Background/Aims: Renin is known as a secretory glycoprotein that ultimately leads to angiotensin II generation. In this way renin exerts pro-inflammatory effects and promotes cardiac injury. Additional transcripts have been identified encoding for a cytosolic renin isoform that - in contrast to secretory renin - exhibits cardioprotective effects under ischemic conditions. The promoter of these transcripts is unknown. Methods: Using qRT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay we examined the expression and promotor activity of cytosolic renin as well as the regulation by glucose starvation in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Results: We identified a promoter in intron1 of the rat renin gene with two glucose starvation-sensitive regions. One region contains a binding motif for serum response factor (SRF). Under glucose depletion expression of SRF increased prior to cytosolic renin. SRF knock down selectively decreased cytosolic renin expression and attenuated the increase of cytosolic renin expression under glucose depletion. Conclusions: Transcripts encoding for secretory and cytosolic renin are differentially expressed. The low basal expression of cytosolic renin as well as its induction under ischemia-related conditions represents an efficient system regulated in accordance with its previously identified unfavorable effects under control situations but protective effects seen after myocardial infarction or glucose depletion.
editorial
Authors: Fernandes Sílvia
Published: July 2017

apresentação do número pelos editores
O ouvinte visionário: a hipótese de um teatro hipnótico
Authors: Ferrer Maria Clara , Mota Juliana
Published: July 2017

Pressupondo que a produção de afetos e sentidos de uma obra está intimamente ligada à fisicalidade do espectador, analisaremos a situação perceptiva do corpo imerso na escuridão. A presente reflexão nasce com o processo de criação de MOTRIZ, experimento cênico que mergulha o espectador numa travessia sonora envolta pelo breu. Privado da visão, o espectador torna-se um ouvinte visionário. Tendo sua escuta complexificada, seu corpo é diretamente afetado pela potência performativa da voz. Tal situação espectatorial nos leva a acreditar na existência de um teatro capaz de ativar a produção de paisagens mentais comuns a processos hipnóticos.
A espectaçāo enquanto prática em Shoot the Sissy
Authors: Montagner Alessandra
Published: July 2017

Este artigo sugere a possibilidade de se pensar uma prática da espectação que se consolida enquanto espectação de si. Para tanto, refere-se a estrutura espectatorial proposta pela performance Shoot the Sissy, de Nando Messias, para operar um exercício reflexivo sobre tal possibilidade, utilizando-se das teorias de P.A. Skantze, Jorge Dubatti, Maurice Merleau Ponty e Matteo Bonfitto como aporte para essa incursão.
Considerações acerca da violência na cena
Authors: Tendlau Maria
Published: July 2017

O artigo examina alguns aspectos da representação/presentificação, partindo da abordagem teórica de Erika Fischer-Lichte, acerca dos tensionamentos entre realidade e ficção na cena contemporânea, da ideia de teatro expandido proposta por Ileana Dieguez, e da reflexão sobre a teatralidade e o espetáculo de Helga Finter. Esses aspectos guiam a mirada de dois exemplos no trabalho do Coletivo Bruto: a encenação O que está aqui é o que sobrou, obra criada pelo coletivo a partir do Material Fatzer de Brecht e Muller, e a encenação de Vergonha, de autoria própria do coletivo, para refletir sobre a representação da violência na cena.
IN-VISÍVEIS: novas táticas de militância artística
Authors: Vannucci Alessandra
Published: July 2017

No imaginário contemporâneo, o futuro é prefigurado mais frequentemente como uma distopia – marcada por condições de opressão, vigilância, privação – do que como formas utópicas que estimulavam a imaginação modernista. Aqui refletimos acerca da arte como dispositivo de resistência: quais táticas podem pôr em disputa os modos da vida em comum e modificá-los. Analisamos um acervo experimental de gestos estético-políticos (intervenções, instalações, performances site-specific) elaborados em grupo aberto de pesquisa artístico-acadêmica. Pode a arte destacar-se como ação de militância em nossas cidades-espetáculo saturadas por mídias normativas das condutas cotidianas? Como tais gestos podem deslocar as expectativas representacionais canônicas e inaugurar contra condutas na comunidade de espect-atores?
Folias Galileu: o espectador em ato performativo
Authors: Simões Giuliana , Desgranges Flávio
Published: July 2017

O artigo trata da condição do público em proposições cênicas recentes,tendo em vista a perspectiva performativa do ato do espectador, que sevolta menos para a tentativa de decifrar e interpretar o discurso cênicoproferido, e se disponibiliza para outro modo de atuação, em que o sentidonão é mais algo a ser explicado, mas um efeito a ser experimentado. Para realizar tal análise, debates performativos foram propostos a partir do espetáculo Folias Galileu, do Grupo Folias, buscando evidenciar o modo de produção do público em sua relação com o espetáculo e enunciar, em ato coletivo, uma poética dos espectadores.
A new species of Deltamys Thomas, 1917 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) endemic to the southern Brazilian Araucaria Forest and notes on the expanded phylogeographic scenario of D. kempi
Authors: QUINTELA FERNANDO MARQUES , BERTUOL FABRÍCIO , GONZÁLEZ ENRIQUE MANUEL , CORDEIRO-ESTRELA PEDRO , DE FREITAS THALES RENATO OCHOTORENA , GONÇALVES GISLENE LOPES
Published: July 2017

Deltamys is a monotypic sigmodontine rodent from the Pampas of South America. In addition to the formally recognized D. kempi that inhabits lowlands, an undescribed form Deltamys sp. 2n=40 was recently found in the highlands of southeastern Brazil. In the present study, we perform a phylogeographic reassessment of Deltamys and describe a third form of the genus, endemic to the Brazilian Araucaria Forest. We describe this new species based on an integrative analysis, using complete cytochrome b DNA sequences, karyology and morphology. Bayesian tree recovered two allopatric clades (lowlands vs. highlands) and three lineages: (i) the lowland D. kempi, (ii) the highland Deltamys sp. 2n=40, and (iii) Deltamys araucaria sp. n. Deltamys araucaria sp. n. is karyotypically (2n=34) and morphologically distinguishable from D. kempi (2n=37-38), showing a tawnier dorsum/flank pelage, presence of a protostyle, M1 alveolus positioned anteriorly to the posterior margin of the zygomatic plate, and several other distinguishing characteristics. A phylogeographic assessment of D. kempi recovered two haplogroups with significant differences in skull measurements. This phylogeographic break seems to have been shaped by the Patos Lagoon estuarine channel. The diversification in Deltamys might have been triggered by dispersal of older lineages over different altitudinal ranges in the Paraná geological basin.
Some new brachypterous cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Philippines
Authors: LUCAÑAS CRISTIAN C.
Published: July 2017

A new genus and species of brachypterous cockroach, Decoralampra fulgencioi gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Philippines. On the basis of the abbreviated tegmina and bristles of the folded structure of left phallomere, it is hypothesized to be close to the genus Cyrtonotula Uravov 1939 and Howintoniella Roth 1981. Also a new species, C. maquilingensis sp. nov. is described. This is the fourth species of the genus and the first to be recorded in the Philippines.
Evaluating CFSv2 Subseasonal Forecast Skill with an Emphasis on Tropical Convection
Authors: Weber Nicholas J. , Mass Clifford F.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the subseasonal predictive skill of CFSv2, focusing on the spatial and temporal distributions of error for large-scale atmospheric variables and the realism of simulated tropical convection. Errors in a 4-member CFSv2 ensemble forecast saturate at lead times of approximately 3 weeks for 500-hPa geopotential height and 5 weeks for 200-hPa velocity potential. Forecast errors exceed those of climatology at lead times beyond 2 weeks. Sea surface temperature, which evolves more slowly than atmospheric fields, maintains skill over climatology through the first month. Spatial patterns of error are robust across lead times and temporal averaging periods, increasing in amplitude as lead time increases and temporal averaging period decreases. Several significant biases were found in the CFSv2 reforecasts, such as too little convection over tropical land and excessive convection over the ocean. The realism of simulated tropical convection and associated teleconnections degrades with forecast lead time. Large-scale tropical convection in CFSv2 is more stationary than observed. Forecast MJOs propagate eastward too slowly and those initiated over the Indian Ocean have trouble traversing beyond the Maritime Continent. The total variability of simulated propagating convection is concentrated at lower frequencies compared to observed convection, and is more fully described by a red spectrum, indicating weak representation of convectively coupled waves. These flaws in simulated tropical convection, which could be tied to problems with convective parameterization and associated mean state biases, affect atmospheric teleconnections and may degrade extended global forecast skill.
Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on the Outbreak of Early Twenty-First-Century Violence in the Middle East and North Africa and the Potential of Permaculture as an Effective Adaptation
Authors: Karim M. Elyas
Published: July 2017

Considering the ongoing violence taking place in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, especially within Syria and Iraq, it is essential to provide an accurate explanation of causes in order to develop an adaptation model. In addition to discussing the climate-related concerns associated with the emergence of violence, this paper considers how tackling the environmental crisis in MENA will improve living standards and lead toward sustainable development. As a supplement to a range of secondary data, a small selection of individuals who have escaped the recent conflicts have been interviewed. Because this potential sample pool is small, and the ongoing violence precludes fieldwork in the MENA region, this study provides only a preliminary exploration of the topic. A more detailed study is desirable, if and when it is feasible to conduct such research. As a potential adaptation to climate change in the region, permaculture is presented through illustrations of its capabilities for redressing some of the underlying causes of violence in the MENA region.
On Measuring Party System Change
Authors: Pedersen Mogens N.
Published: July 2017

When studying party system change over time, it is tempting to use as indicators one or several of the existing measures of fractionalization and concentration. If these measures are used to study change, they will often be misleading because of their inability to discriminate among even very different diachronic patterns. Seven indicators are tested on a hypothetical set of data, and all of them fail to reflect typical patterns of change. Thus if students of party systems want to study the general phenomenon of party system stability or change, they should preferably use other types of measures. An indicator of aggregate volatility is shown to satisfy the requirements of a good indicator of party system change.
Area Experts' Images of African Nations
Authors: von der Mehden Fred R. , Hill Kim Quaile
Published: July 2017

This article presents a test of a judgmental measurement strategy which has been proposed as a partial solution to some problems of cross-national data. It has been suggested that existing cross-national data, which are limited in scope and often uncertain in reliability. might be supplemented by having panels of area experts code nations on new political scales. We test this approach by having a sample of African-area experts code 39 African nations on several scales tapping attributes central to comparative political analysis and relevant especially to democratic theory. The results indicate considerable uncertainty and disagreement among our sample of scholars. On only one scale is there sufficient consensus for a number of nations such that the results would be useful for measurement purposes. While there are aspects of our test which make it a rigorous one for regional experts, the results urge caution in the use of any data generated by similar panels of judges.
The Retrieval of Perfection: William of Saint-Thierry's Theology of Conversion
Authors: Billy Dennis J.
Published: July 2017

Therefore, as the Prophet says, ‘If you are converted, Israel, be converted’, that is to say, attain to the summit of perfect conversion. For no one is allowed to remain long in the same condition. The servant of God must always make progress or go back; one either struggles upwards or is driven down into the depths.1
Empirical Prediction Models for Training-Group Assignment
Authors: Savage Ricky E. , Williges Beverly H. , Williges Robert C.
Published: July 2017

A double cross-validation procedure consisting of 58 subjects in Sample 1 and 40 subjects in Sample 2 was used to develop combined sample empirical prediction models for assigning students to one of two training conditions based upon predicted training time for each type of training. The effectiveness of these multiple regression equations for training-group assignment was tested in a subsequent study. In the study evaluating the assignment procedures, 40 students were assigned to either a fixed-difficulty or adaptive training situation based upon their shorter predicted training time (optimal assignment). An additional 40 students were assigned to a training group based upon their longer predicted training time (mismatched assignment). Finally, a control group of 40 students was randomly assigned to one of the two training conditions. Using multiple linear regression models and predicted training times to match students to training alternatives resulted in a 47% savings in training time compared to random assignment and a 53% savings compared to mismatched assignment. Variability in training time was reduced approximately 40% using the empirical prediction models for assignment.
Using an Elemental Analysis of the Motion Pattern to Assess the Work Performance of Amputees
Authors: Gilad Issachar
Published: July 2017

Twelve different objects were manipulated to test the usefulness of a standard industrial engineering method analysis procedure in evaluating amputees' motions. A profile was developed for analyzing the performance of amputees. The profile displays the contribution of the various motion elements to the overall task performance time. The study tested whether this procedure could identify motion elements that produce significant difficulties and time delays in amputees' occupational performance. Actual (measured) performance time of Methods Time Measurement (MTM) elements were compared for two subject groups, amputees and nonamputees. Kinesiological analysis and biomechanical considerations supported the utility of such a profile. Amputees' performance profiles can be used, for example, to improve the design of prosthetic devices that replace the natural hand.
Simulating Navigation for Spatial Knowledge Acquisition
Authors: Goldin Sarah E. , Thorndyke Perry W.
Published: July 2017

This paper compares actual and simulated navigation as alternative sources of environmental information. Subjects experienced an 8.3-km tour of an unfamiliar environment through one of two media: a live bus tour along the route or a film shot from inside an automobile driving along the route. Subjects also received one of two types of supplementary information (a map that was studied prior to navigation or an oral narrative giving angle and distance information during navigation), or no supplement. After exposure to the environment, all subjects completed tests of landmark knowledge, procedural (route sequence) knowledge, and survey (configural relation) knowledge. Film (simulated navigation) groups performed as well as or better than tour groups on measures of landmark and survey knowledge. On tests of procedural knowledge, film groups were inferior to tour groups in their ability to point in the direction of unseen landmarks. Supplementary information affected only the film groups. Map study enhanced performance on survey knowledge tests but depressed performance on procedural knowledge tests. We conclude that simulated navigation can be used as a substitute for actual navigation under some circumstances, and that a map supplement can enhance the abstraction of survey knowledge from simulated navigation.
Use of Weaponeer Marksmanship Trainer in Predicting M16A1 Rifle Qualification Performance
Authors: Schendel Joel D. , Heller Frederick H. , Finley Dorothy L. , Hawley John K.
Published: July 2017

This research was conducted to determine if Weaponeer, an M16Al rifle marksmanship trainer, can be used to predict soldiers' annual rifle qualification (or record fire) performance and to examine Weaponeer's training effectiveness. In Experiment 1,69 initial entry soldiers were divided into three groups, varying according to Weaponeer target scenario difficulty. Each soldier was tested twice on a scenario prior to firing record fire. All firing on Weaponeer was done from a foxhole position; firing during record fire was done from both foxhole and prone positions. Weaponeer performance under the most difficult scenario appeared to be the best predictor of record fire performance. Predictions improved when later shots and firing position were considered on the device. In Experiment 2,244 permanent party troops were divided into five groups. Groups varied according to amount and type (firing position) of training on Weaponeer prior to firing the test scenario and record fire. Results indicated that Weaponeer can be used to predict record fire performance as long as training is not provided immediately prior to Weaponeer testing. Experimental groups performed no better at record fire than a no (Weaponeer) training control group.
Reading from CRT Displays Can Be as Fast as Reading from Paper
Authors: Gould John D. , Alfaro Lizette , Finn Rich , Haupt Brian , Minuto Angela
Published: July 2017

Experiments, including our own (Gould and Grischkowsky, 1984; Gould et al., 1987), have shown that people read more slowly from CRT displays than from paper. This series of six experiments shows why. The explanation centers on the image quality of the characters. Reading speeds equivalent to those on paper occur on CRT displays containing character fonts that resemble those on paper (rather than dot matrix fonts, for example), that have a polarity of dark characters on a light background, that are anti-aliased (i.e., contain grey level), and that are shown on displays with relatively high resolution (e.g., 1000 × 800). Each of these variables probably contributes something to reading speed improvement, but the trade-offs have not been determined. The results of these experiments, together with our earlier studies, exclude some other general explanations such as possible inherent defects in CRT technology itself or personal variables such as age, experience, or familiarity with reading from CRT displays.
Multiattribute Modeling Analysis of the Effects of a Low Blood Alcohol Level on Pilot Performance
Authors: Ross Leonard E. , Mundt James C.
Published: July 2017

Multiattribute modeling procedures were used to evaluate the flight performance of pilots who completed a simulator flight under 0 and 0.04% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) conditions. The flight involved VOR tracking, vectoring, traffic avoidance, and descent. Flight instructors' judgments were used to develop a multiattribute model of flight performance that permitted evaluation of the effects of alcohol on overall flight performance, as well as on task segment and performance aspect components of the flight. Alcohol was found to have a significant deleterious effect on overall pilot performance and on some of the task segments. The multiattribute modeling approach was found to be useful in providing a task analysis function that permitted alcohol effects to be evaluated in a manner that reflected pilot concentration on some aspects of the flight task at the expense of others.
Research and Other Issues Concerning Effects of Medical Conditions on Elderly Drivers
Authors: Waller Julian A.
Published: July 2017

Most research on medical impairment to driving has been limited by the inability to define some conditions, inadequate sample selection, poor definition of excessive crash risk, ignoring of comorbid conditions or human-environmental interactions, and failure to examine the interaction of aging and medical conditions. Driver screening procedures are both crude and inadequately related to data or theory. Recommendations are presented to improve research and screening programs.
Abraham in the New Testament
Authors: Baird William
Published: July 2017

Within the pluralism of the late twentieth century, when Christians continue to search for their true identity, the New Testament appropriation of the Abraham stories points to the importance of foundational traditions and the need to reinterpret them in contemporary terms.
Miscarriages of Justice in the 21st Century
Authors: James Annabelle
Published: July 2017

This article looks at the extent to which the author feels that the criminal justice process of the 21st century is equipped to deal with miscarriages of justice. Starting with an outline description of the changes to the law and the CCRC itself followed by a brief evaluation of the CCRC's work to date, the article then deals with human rights issues, assessing the potential impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the corresponding duties incumbent on public authorities such as the CCRC and the Court of Appeal, and addresses the extent to which the identifying and processing of miscarriages of justice will change as a result. The article concludes with the view that whilst there has, on paper at least, been a change for the better, in reality little has changed.
Relationship Between Attachment of the Superficial Masseter Muscle and Craniofacial Morphology in Dentate and Edentulous Humans
Authors: Kasai K. , Richards L.C. , Kanazawa E. , Ozaki T. , Iwasawa T.
Published: July 2017

Previous studies have described the importance of the interaction between the masticatory muscles and the craniofacial skeleton in the control of craniofacial growth. This study describes the attachment and orientation of the superficial masseter muscle and its relationship -with craniof acial morphology in dentate and edentulous subjects. Data were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs of a total of 31 cadavers in which the superficial masseter muscle had been defined with liquid barium.

The results provide evidence that the morphology of the superficial masseter muscle in the gonion region differed significantly between dentate and edentulous subjects, with the masseter being 2.7 mm wider and the gonion-anterior muscle border distance being 4.0 mm greater in dentate subjects. The complex relationship between craniofacial morphology and the dimensions and inclination of the superficial masseter muscle were most clearly evident in dentate subjects where the position of the anterior border was related to ramus dimensions and mandibular and occlusal plane angles. The association is much less clear in edentulous subjects where normal function was disturbed. In general, age was not a significant determinant of variation in superficial masseter muscle dimensions and orientation.
Culturally Responsive Literacy Instruction
Authors: Callins Tandria
Published: July 2017

The Council for Exceptional Children is pleased to partner with the National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCREST) to periodically include in TEACHING Exceptional Children topical briefs to support your efforts in addressing the learning needs of exceptional students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
The age of globalization requires a global ethic
Authors: Küng Hans
Published: July 2017

Disastrous conflict in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan requires new thinking at several levels. This is only possible if it can be informed by an understanding of the history of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Using Thomas S. Kuhn's concept this paper traces a series of paradigm changes in each religion demonstrating that: religions are not static; within each particular religious community there are people living within different paradigms leading to intra-religious conflict; each religion includes some resistance to modernity. The paper argues that a precondition for global peace is better understanding between Jews, Christians and Muslims. The paper proposes identifying ethical principles common to each religion as the basis of a global ethic.
Downstaging for cervical cancer: A community-based study in the rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka, India
Authors: Rao R S P , Kamath V G , Chandrashekhar S , Rao L , Pratap K
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing trained auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) in downstaging for cancer cervix in a rural area.

The study population included all married women in the age group of 35-59 years in two villages of the field practice area. It was a cross-sectional study. Two ANMs were trained in history taking, visual inspection of the cervix, using of speculum and collecting Papanicolaou smears. After training, they made home visits and identified women with gynaecological symptoms suggestive of cervical cancer. These women were asked to report to Rural Maternity and Child Welfare whom homes where the ANMs did a visual inspection of the cervix and made a cervical smear.

Atotal of 1402 women were registered of the ANMs could identify 368 women (26%) with symptoms. Only 192 (52.2%) of these women reported for examination. Chronic cervicitis accounted for the largest proportion of the cases (44.8%). In all, three cases were diagnosed as suspected cases of cancer cervix. On cytology, three cases (1.5%) turned out to be malignant. When clinical findings of the ANM were compared with results of cytological examination, a high degree of sensitivity (78.4%) and positive predictive value (97.1%) were observed in diagnosing abnormal cytological findings. However, the sensitivity for detecting specific conditions was generally low. Sensitivity for detecting erosion was 45%, for chronic cervicitis 30%, and malignancies were totally missed.

In conclusion, this study clearly shows that ANMs, if trained, would be capable of identifying symptomatic women, differentiating a normal cervix from an abnormal one and taking an adequate smear for cytological examination.
The course of severe chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood
Authors: Rangel L , Garralda M E , Levin M , Roberts H
Published: July 2017

Little has been reported on prognostic indicators in children with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We used interviews with children and parents, a mean of 45.5 months after illness onset, to follow up 25 cases of CFS referred to tertiary paediatric psychiatric clinics. At its worst, the illness had been markedly handicapping (prolonged bed-rest and school absence in two-thirds); mean time out of school was one academic year. Two-thirds, however, had recovered and resumed normal activities—mean duration of illness to recovery/assessment 38 months—and none had developed other medical conditions. Recovery was associated with specific physical triggers to the illness, with start of illness in the autumn school term and with higher socioeconomic status. Severe fatigue states in children can cause serious and longlasting handicap but most children recover.
A pill in the sandwich: Covert medication in food and drink
Authors: Treloar Adrian , Beats Barbara , Philpot Michael
Published: July 2017

The covert administration of medicines in food and drink has been condemned by some and condoned by others. We used questionnaires to ascertain the views of people caring for patients with dementia in institutions and in the community.

In 24 (71%) of 34 residential, nursing and inpatient units in south-east England, the respondent said that medicines were sometimes given in this way. It was often done secretly and without discussion, probably for fear of professional retribution. Few institutions had a formal policy on the matter. Of 50 people caring for demented patients in the community, 48 (96%) thought the practice sometimes justifiable, but 47 believed that doctors should consult with carers before deciding.

Even if, as most carers and some authorities believe, covert medication can be justified, the poor recording and secrecy surrounding the practice in institutions are cause for concern.
Morphological and Stereological Characterization of Hepatic Foci of Cellular Alteration in Control Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Harada Takanori , Maronpot Robert R. , Morris Richard W. , Stitzel Katherine A. , Boorman Gary A.
Published: July 2017

Quantitative evaluation of altered hepatocellular foci (AHF), followed by stereological analysis was performed on standard hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections from control Fischer 344 (F344) rats of both sexes from seven 2-yr carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Liver samples were collected at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and/or 24 months on study. Although AHF had a broad spectrum of morphological features, they could be classified into the following 5 types using previously published criteria: basophilic, eosinophilic, clear, vacuolated, and mixed cell foci. Approximately 50% of the animals had foci at 6 months, and the incidence reached nearly 100% at 15 months in both sexes. The number, size and volume fraction of AHF increased with age in both sexes; these changes were most evident for basophilic and clear cell foci. The number of basophilic foci was significantly greater in females than in males while clear cell foci were more numerous in males. This sex difference was observed at each time point. Mean number of all types of AHF in males and females at 24 months was 547 and 460 per cubic centimeter of liver, respectively. Despite the high incidence of AHF in control rats, the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms is low. The implication is that most foci do not progress to neoplasia in control F344 rats used in 2-yr studies.
Gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in facial nerve lesions
Authors: Millen Steven J. , Daniels David , Meyer Glenn
Published: July 2017

We present our 2‐year experience with a contrast enhancement agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examining facial nerve pathology. Characteristics of the agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid are reviewed. The radiographic capability to differentiate pathologic vs. normal facial nerves based on enhancement and a change in signal intensity generated by the nerve is demonstrated. Experience with facial nerve disorders including Bell's palsy, facial nerve neuromas, a facial nerve graft site, postoperative facial paralysis, and traumatic facial paralysis is presented. The ability to image the facial nerve in Bell's palsy provides an entirely new means of examining this disorder, and its implications are discussed. The ability to enhance the paralyzed facial nerve in the temporal bone after posterior fossa surgery supports a previously held concept as to the pathophysiology of this problem.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty complications and avoidance strategies
Authors: Fairbanks David N.F.
Published: July 2017

Reports of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty complications were elicited from 72 locations in the United States. We asked physicians to report all complications that had occurred in the 9 years since the operation was introduced. Sixteen fatalities were reported; respiratory distress was the most common cause. Forty‐six cases of nasopharyngeal stenosis were reported and 42 cases of palatal incompetence were reported. Hemorrhages and wound dehiscences were also reported. A retrospective analysis of the complications was made and diagnostic‐therapeutic strategies are discussed with respect to prevention of complications.
Book Review: Valuing Intellectual Property
Authors: Curtin J. Sean
Published: July 2017

Valuing Intellectual Property in Japan, Britain and the United States, Edited by Dr. Ruth Taplin, May 2004, RoutledgeCurzon Press.
Book Review: Introduction to Health Economics
Authors: McCulloch Douglas
Published: July 2017

Introduction to Health Economics, Wonderling, D., Gruen, R. and Black, N.; Open University Press 2005
Structural Problems in the Design of Market Abuse Regulations in the EU
Authors: Engelen Peter-Jan
Published: July 2017

This article analyzes the regulatory and supervisory design of market abuse regulations in the EU in order to set the right incentives for corporate insiders to abstain from illegal trading. The analysis is illustrated by the Belgian insider trading law. Although the level of punishment seems to be rather high, the probability of conviction for insider trading is very low. The analysis suggests that the expected costs component of this crime is too low compared to the expected insider trading profits. In order to obtain a higher deterrence of the insider trading prohibition, a change in the design of the financial regulation and supervision must be made. To increase the probability of conviction broad investigative powers and the authority to impose administrative sanctions have to be assigned to the financial markets supervisor, as was recently the case with the European Market Abuse Directive.

JEL classification: K42
Turkey and Europe in a Historic Context
Authors: Kula Erhun
Published: July 2017

Despite well advanced negotiations in the European Union regarding the full Turkish membership recently some powerful European politicians as well as others have expressed reservations about it which came as a shock to many in Europe and beyond. Turkey started negotiations with the EU in 1959 (has been the only non-member country with a customs union) and is still waiting to become a full member. The main argument of the opposing politicians appears to be that Turkey is not really a European country. This paper looks at the history of Europe and Turkey and concludes that the two are inseparably linked. Some politicians see the European Union as a Christian club and thus the spiritual disposition of the Turks appears to be the real problem for them.
India’s Development Policy: Highlighting Landmarks
Authors: Natraj V.K.
Published: July 2017

India’s development policy shows at one and the same time many important continuities and some significant changes. Perhaps the most noticed break from the past is the adoption of the Structural Adjustment Programme in 1991 which opened up the economy to global influence and also made economic policy much more market-friendly than at any earlier point of time. However, as we shall attempt to show even this epochal event has roots in the past. It would not be altogether correct to assert that the adoption of SAP referred to generally as the commencement of economic reforms was a sudden event which was almost wholly caused by a crisis in the economy, in particular on the foreign exchange front. The aim of the discussion here is to situate India’s development strategy in a historical perspective with a view to identifying the principal landmarks and also that it has followed an evolutionary trajectory.
Book Review: Knowledge Sharing among Scientists
Authors: Elizabeth de Lange Dr. Deborah
Published: July 2017

Knowledge Sharing among Scientists. Prescott C. Ensign, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2009. 220 pages, ISBN 978-0-230-61173-3
The effects of ritanserin, RU 24969 and 8-OH-DPAT on latent inhibition in the rat
Authors: Cassaday Helen J. , Hodges Helen , Gray Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2017

When animals are exposed to a stimulus that has no consequences they are subsequently impaired in learning that this stimulus predicts an important event, such as footshock. This retarding effect of stimulus pre-exposure is called latent inhibition (LI) and is reliably disrupted by amphetamine, antipsychotics having an opposite effect. The present experiments investigated whether agents which affect serotonergic transmission also attenuate LI, using a conditioned suppression of drinking procedure. The results showed that the 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin (2.0 mg/kg), and the 5-HT1b agonist RU 24969 (0.5 and 10.0 mg/kg) attenuated LI by increasing learning in pre-exposed animals, whilst the effects of the 5-HT1a agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.38 mg/kg), though in a similar direction, were not significant. These experiments provide partial support for the involvement of serotonin in LI. Since amphetamine-induced attenuation of LI has been proposed as a model for the attentional deficits found in acute schizophrenia, these results are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of reduced serotonergic function in schizophrenic attentional disorder.
Tumors in Newborn Animals
Authors: Misdorp W.
Published: July 2017

The literature on tumors in newborn animals is reviewed, and a description is given of eight cases of congenital tumors in calves. Two were cases of congenital lymphoid leukosis, in both of which the dams seemed to be healthy. Two fetuses showed extensive peritoneal mesotheliomas, and an aborted fetus had a subcutaneous lymphangioma on the lower leg. There were two cases of nephroblastoma, of which one was a fetus with one very large tumor and several smaller tumors in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis of extranephritic nephroblastoma appears to be the first example of this type to be reported in an animal fetus. The last case described is that of a mixed mesenchymal tumor situated in the retroperitoneal tissues.