bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of mRNAs encoding low molecular mass heat-shock proteins in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Rees C. A. B. , Hogan N. C. , Walden D. B. , Atkinson B. G.
Published: November 2014

Subjecting 5-day-old maize seedlings to a rapid elevation in growth temperature (heat shock; 25–42 °C) results in a shift in the pattern of protein synthesis in maize plumules from the production of a broad spectrum of proteins to the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a small number of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The low relative molecular mass (Mr) HSPs, and more specifically an 18-kDa HSP with four major isoelectric variants, represent the majority of HSP synthesis following cell-free translation of total cellular poly (A)+ RNAs and polyribosomal RNAs extracted from heat-shocked plumules. Immunochemical studies, using polyclonal antibodies raised against the 18-kDa HSPs, show that the 18-kDa HSPs synthesized in vitro share immunochemical properties with HSPs of the same Mr synthesized in vivo by heat-shocked plumules. Furthermore, size fractionation and translation analyses of total cellular poly(A)+ RNAs extracted from heat-shocked plumules demonstrate that poly(A)+ RNAs encoding an 18-kDa HSP(s) have an estimated size of 0.6–0.95 kilobases. The observation that 18-kDa HSPs are absent among the translation products and immunoprecipitates of proteins synthesized in vitro by RNAs extracted from control plumules (25 °C) suggests that the mRNAs encoding 18-kDa HSPs are heat-shock induced.Key words: mRNA, maize, heat shock.
The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and ethanol on changing gene expression of mouse lymphocytes
Authors: Rodenhiser David I. , Jung Jack H. , Atkinson Burr G.
Published: November 2014

Cultured mouse lymphocytes respond to a brief incubation at an elevated temperature (41–43 °C) with the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a select group of polypeptides (known as heat-shock proteins, HSPs) having relative molecular masses of 110, 100, 90, 70, and 65 kilodaltons (kDa). Expression of these HSPs is dependent on new RNA synthesis. Because the synthesis of any particular HSP is dependent on the temperature and the length of time cells remain at a particular elevated temperature, synthesis of each HSP is not necessarily coordinated with the synthesis of the other HSPs. Cultured mouse lymphocytes treated with arsenite or ethanol exhibit new and (or) enhanced synthesis of HSPs with molecular masses of 110, 90, 70, and 65 kDa but do not exhibit enhanced synthesis of the 100-kDa HSP. Short-term concurrent exposure of mouse lymphocytes to an elevated temperature and a level of ethanol, which individually do not induce detectable HSP synthesis, results in the pronounced synthesis of HSPs similar to those seen following exposure to higher levels of either stress applied separately. Thus, in this study we demonstrate that hyperthermia and ethanol stress can act synergistically to affect a dramatic change in the gene expression of mouse lymphocytes.Key words: heat shock, ethanol, gene expression, lymphocytes.
An improved car-following model with two preceding cars' average speed
Authors: Yu Shao-Wei , Shi Zhong-Ke
Published: November 2014

To better describe cooperative car-following behaviors under intelligent transportation circumstances and increase roadway traffic mobility, the data of three successive following cars at a signalized intersection of Jinan in China were obtained and employed to explore the linkage between two preceding cars' average speed and car-following behaviors. The results indicate that two preceding cars' average velocity has significant effects on the following car's motion. Then an improved car-following model considering two preceding cars' average velocity was proposed and calibrated based on full velocity difference model and some numerical simulations were carried out to study how two preceding cars' average speed affected the starting process and the traffic flow evolution process with an initial small disturbance, the results indicate that the improved car-following model can qualitatively describe the impacts of two preceding cars' average velocity on traffic flow and that taking two preceding cars' average velocity into account in designing the control strategy for the cooperative adaptive cruise control system can improve the stability of traffic flow, suppress the appearance of traffic jams and increase the capacity of signalized intersections.
Topological phases of a three-dimensional topological insulator with structure inversion asymmetry
Authors: Guo Xiaoyong , Wang Zaijun , Zheng Qiang , Peng Jie
Published: November 2014

We investigate the topological phases of a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) without the top–bottom inversion symmetry. We calculate the momentum depended spin Chern number to extract the phase diagram. Various phases are found and we address the dependence of phase boundaries on the strength of inversion asymmetry. Opposite to the quasi-two-dimensional thin film TI, in our 3D system the TI state is stabilized by the structure inversion asymmetry (SIA). With a strong SIA the 3D TI phase can exist even under a large Zeeman field. In a tight-binding form, the surface modes are discussed to confirm with the phase diagram. Particularly we find that the SIA cannot destroy the surface states but open a gap on its spectrum.
Recurrence in Systems with Randomly Perturbed Trajectories on the n-Dimensional Cube
Authors: Szała Leszek
Published: November 2014

We generalize some properties of (f, δ)-recurrence introduced in [Szała, 2013] to n-dimensional case and show that (f, δ)-recurrence and uniform (f, δ)-recurrence are equivalent. We also study properties of one-dimensional nonautonomous dynamical systems with randomly perturbed trajectories.
Control of Cardiac Arrhythmia by Nonlinear Spatiotemporal Delayed Feedback
Authors: Boroujeni Forough Rezaei , Vasegh Nastaran , Sedigh Ali Khaki
Published: November 2014

The dynamic feedback control of the cardiac pacing interval has been widely used to suppress alternans. In this paper, temporally and spatially suppressing the alternans for cardiac tissue consisting of a one-dimensional chain of cardiac units is investigated. The model employed is a nonlinear partial difference equation. The model's fixed points and their stability conditions are determined, and bifurcations and chaos phenomenon have been studied by numerical simulations. The main objective of this paper is to stabilize the unstable fixed point of the model. The proposed approach is nonlinear spatiotemporal delayed feedback, and the appropriate interval for controller feedback gain is calculated using the linear stability analysis. It is proven that the proposed approach is robust with respect to all bifurcation parameter variations. Also, set point tracking is achieved by employing delayed feedback with an integrator. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Generalized Memristor Consisting of Diode Bridge with First Order Parallel RC Filter
Authors: Bao Bocheng , Yu Jingjing , Hu Fengwei , Liu Zhong
Published: November 2014

A generalized memristor consisting of a memristive diode bridge with a first order parallel RC filter is proposed in this letter. The mathematical model of the circuit is established and its fingerprints are analyzed by the pinched hysteresis loops with different periodic stimuli. The results verified by experimental measurements indicate that the proposed circuit is a simple voltage-controlled generalized memristor.
Watch Your Step: Integrating Nonlinear Dynamical Flows by Stepping Through Space and Time
Authors: Kia Behnam , Lindner John F. , Ditto William L.
Published: November 2014

Nonlinear dynamical flows are often solved approximately by numerical integration based on advancing the independent variable, typically time. Here, we present a unified framework for numerical integration of differential equations based on advancing either the dependent variable, often space, or the independent variable, or any combination of the two. Spacetime stepping unifies and extends previous work. In particular, dependent variable stepping can produce better numerical results and also more faithfully describe the underlying physics, thereby providing both practical and conceptual benefits. We indicate extensions to higher dimensions.
Analysis on Relation between Mixing Ratio and Outlet Temperature and Velocity in a Cold-Hot-Water Mixer
Authors: Wang Leilei
Published: November 2014

To study the relation between cold-hot-water mixing ratio and outlet-water temperature of a mixer, the geometrical model of the mixer was built. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the outlet-water temperature with different mixing ratio of cold and hot water was simulated by FLUENT software. The results show that: flow field in mixer can be divided into recirculation zone and convection zone, in which there are different thermal resistances individually, and it result in the nonlinear relation in outlet average temperature and mixing ratio; there is a linear relation between outlet average velocity and mixing ratio, which accords to the mass conservation principle of non-compressible and continuous fluid flow.
Numerical Simulation for Focal Region Characterization in a New Solar Concentrator
Authors: Wang Leilei
Published: November 2014

Considering the sun light nonparallelism, Monte Carlo ray tracing method and specular reflection law are employed to simulate the effects of focal plane position error, pointing error to spot shape and energy distribution on focal plane of a new type of space solar concentrator. The results show that: with the absolute value of focal plane position error increasing, focal spot radius increases and peak energy flux value on focal plane decreases; when absolute value of focal plane position error is same, focal spot shape and energy distribution is almost the same; with pointing error increasing, the deviation of focal spot from the focal plane center increases and round focal spot becomes oval focal spot gradually. This will provide a reference for the new space solar concentrating and absorbing system design.
Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanostructured Thin Films with Mid-Infrared Photoresponse Properties
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Zhang Lin , Wu Weidong , Cao Yang , He Junhui
Published: November 2014

Graphene shows great potential as an advanced building block for fabricating varied graphene based nanostructured films together with other metal and metal oxide nanomaterials. In the current work, a new approach was developed to fabricate flexible, transparent conductive films via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of oppositely charged reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. We further fabricated transparent conductive hybrid films via LbL assembly of oppositely charged RGO nanosheet and platinum ( Pt ) nanoparticle as well as silica ( SiO 2) nanoparticle. It was found that the graphene based nanostructured films showed different mid-infrared photoresponse properties. Moreover, the photoresponse performance could be manipulated by the power and distance between two electrodes.
Synthesis for Magnetic Mesoporous Fe3O4-SiO2 Composites and Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Methyl Blue
Authors: Xie Huanling , Zhang Tengyun
Published: November 2014

In this work, we presented a facile, one-step preparation for magnetic mesoporous Fe 3 O 4- SiO 2 composites under closely neutral conditions by an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) and adding 1,3,5-TMB as co-solvent approach. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption measurement, FT-IR and SEM. Magnetic mesoporous composites and H 2 O 2 form heterogeneous Fenton in order to removal methylene blue as the dye wastewater model object. The catalysts showed high catalytic activity and stability in the decolorization of methlye blue.
NIR assignment of isopsoralen by 2D-COS technology and model application in Yunkang Oral Liquid
Authors: Pei Yanling , Wu Zhisheng , Shi Xinyuan , Pan Xiaoning , Peng Yanfang , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: November 2014

Near infrared (NIR) assignment of Isopsoralen was performed using deuterated chloroform solvent and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) technology. Yunkang Oral Liquid was applied to study Isopsoralen, the characteristic bands by spectral assignment as well as the bands by interval partial least squares (iPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) were used to establish partial least squares (PLS) model. The coefficient of determination in calibration [Formula: see text] were 0.9987, 0.9970 and 0.9982. The coefficient of determination in cross validation [Formula: see text] were 0.9985, 0.9921 and 0.9982. The coefficient of determination in prediction [Formula: see text] were 0.9987, 0.9955 and 0.9988. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.27, 0.40 and 0.31 ppm. The root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) were 0.30, 0.67 and 0.32 ppm. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.23, 0.43 and 0.22 ppm. The residual predictive deviation (RPD) were 31.00, 16.58 and 32.41. It turned out that the characteristic bands by spectral assignment had the same results with the chemometrics methods in PLS model. It provided guidance for NIR spectral assignment of chemical compositions in Chinese Materia Medica (CMM).
Pleistocene cold climate groundwater silicification, Jbel Ghassoul region, Missour Basin, Morocco
Authors: Thiry Médard , Milnes Anthony , Ben Brahim Mohamed
Published: November 2014

Surficial silicifications have been long considered to be indicative of warm and dry climates. Here we describe various forms of supergene silicification in a Miocene lacustrine sequence in the Missour Basin near Jbel Ghassoul (Morocco) in a landscape with accentuated relief. The silicification is almost exclusively limited to a 10–40 m wide zone from the edges of scarp and mesa landforms. This distribution is interpreted to record the locations where groundwaters which produced the silicification discharged from a higher level palaeolandscape. The main component of the silica was imported late and significantly post-dates the deposition of the sediments. This implies that significant volumes of silica-bearing solutions flowed through these formations in response to a hydraulic gradient generated by relief. Silicification thus occurred only after uplift and incision of the sedimentary fill of the Missour Basin. The zones of silicification of the Jbel Ghassoul sequence can be linked geomorphologically to remnants of high-level pediments that have been dated in the literature to the early to middle Pleistocene and interpreted to have been formed during cold climates. Low temperatures in outcrops near the discharge zones during cold periods are considered to be a key factor in silica precipitation from groundwaters.
New General Theorems and Explicit Values of the Level 13 Analogue of Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fraction
Authors: Saikia Nipen
Published: November 2014

We prove general theorems for the explicit evaluations of the level 13
analogue of Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction and find some new explicit values. This work is
a sequel to some recent works of S. Cooper and D. Ye.
On the Application of Iterative Methods of Nondifferentiable Optimization to Some Problems of Approximation Theory
Authors: Stefanov Stefan M.
Published: November 2014

We consider the data fitting problem, that is, the problem of approximating a function of several variables, given by tabulated data, and the corresponding problem for inconsistent (overdetermined) systems of linear algebraic equations. Such problems, connected with measurement of physical quantities, arise, for example, in physics, engineering, and so forth. A traditional approach for solving these two problems is the discrete least squares data fitting method, which is based on discrete ‐norm. In this paper, an alternative approach is proposed: with each of these problems, we associate a nondifferentiable (nonsmooth) unconstrained minimization problem with an objective function, based on discrete ‐ and/or ‐norm, respectively; that is, these two norms are used as proximity criteria. In other words, the problems under consideration are solved by minimizing the residual using these two norms. Respective subgradients are calculated, and a subgradient method is used for solving these two problems. The emphasis is on implementation of the proposed approach. Some computational results, obtained by an appropriate iterative method, are given at the end of the paper. These results are compared with the results, obtained by the iterative gradient method for the corresponding “differentiable” discrete least squares problems, that is, approximation problems based on discrete ‐norm.
Improved Confidence Interval Estimation for Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurement by Combining Bootstrap‐After‐Jackknife Function with Non‐Gaussian Models
Authors: Lee Soojeong
Published: November 2014

Confidence intervals (CIs) are generally not provided along with estimated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured using oscillometric blood pressure devices. No criteria exist to determine the CI from a small sample set of oscillometric blood pressure measurements. We provide an extended methodology to improve estimation of CIs of SBP and DBP based on a nonparametric bootstrap‐after‐jackknife function and a Bayesian approach. We use the nonparametric bootstrap‐after‐jackknife function to reduce maximum amplitude outliers. Improved pseudomaximum amplitudes (PMAs) and pseudoenvelopes (PEs) are derived from the pseudomeasurements. Moreover, the proposed algorithm uses an unfixed ratio obtained by employing non‐Gaussian models based on the Bayesian technique to estimate the SBP and DBP ratios for individual subjects. The CIs obtained through our proposed approach are narrower than those obtained using the traditional Student t‐distribution method. The mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD) of the SBP and DBP estimates using our proposed approach are better than the estimates obtained by conventional fixed ratios based on the PMA and PE (PMAE).
Effect ofCentella asiaticaLeaf Extract on the Dietary Supplementation in TransgenicDrosophilaModel of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Naz Falaq , Jyoti Smita , Fatima Ambreen , Khanam Saba , Rahul  , Ali Fahad , Mujtaba Syed Faiz , Faisal Mohammad
Published: November 2014

The role ofCentella asiaticaL. leaf extract was studied on the transgenicDrosophilamodel flies expressing normal human alpha synuclein (h-αS) in the neurons. The leaf extract was prepared in acetone and was subjected to GC-MS analysis.C. asiaticaextract at final concentration of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 μL/mL was mixed with the diet and the flies were allowed feeding on it for 24 days. The effect of extract was studied on the climbing ability, activity pattern, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, glutathione content, and glutathione-S-transferase activity in the brains of transgenicDrosophila. The exposure of extract to PD model flies results in a significant delay in the loss of climbing ability and activity pattern and reduced the oxidative stress (P<0.05) in the brains of PD flies as compared to untreated PD flies. The results suggest thatC. asiaticaleaf extract is potent in reducing the PD symptoms in transgenicDrosophilamodel of Parkinson’s disease.
Eccentric Connectivity and Zagreb Coindices of the Generalized Hierarchical Product of Graphs
Authors: Tavakoli M. , Rahbarnia F. , Ashrafi A. R.
Published: November 2014

Formulas for calculations of the eccentric connectivity index and Zagreb coindices of graphs under generalized hierarchical product are presented. As an application, explicit formulas for eccentric connectivity index and Zagreb coindices of some chemical graphs are obtained.
Anabolic Properties of High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in Human Periodontal Ligament CellsIn Vitro
Authors: Wolf Michael , Lossdörfer Stefan , Römer Piero , Bastos Craveiro Rogerio , Deschner James , Jäger Andreas
Published: November 2014

High mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) is mainly recognized as a chemoattractant for macrophages in the initial phase of host response to pathogenic stimuli. However, recent findings provide evidence for anabolic properties in terms of enhanced proliferation, migration, and support of wound healing capacity of mesenchymal cells suggesting a dual role of the cytokine in the regulation of immune response and subsequent regenerative processes. Here, we examined potential anabolic effects of HMGB1 on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in the regulation of periodontal remodelling, for example, during orthodontic tooth movement. Preconfluent human PDL cells (hPDL) were exposed to HMGB1 protein and the influence on proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization was determined by MTS assay, real time PCR, immunofluorescence cytochemistry, ELISA, and von Kossa staining. HMGB1 protein increased hPDL cell proliferation, migration, osteoblastic marker gene expression, and protein production as well as mineralized nodule formation significantly. The present findings support the dual character of HMGB1 with anabolic therapeutic potential that might support the reestablishment of the structural and functional integrity of the periodontium following periodontal trauma such as orthodontic tooth movement.
Prediction of Extrathyroidal Extension Using Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Kwon Tack-Kyun , Sung Myung-Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun , Hah J. Hun
Published: November 2014

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of high-resolution ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan for preoperative prediction of the extrathyroidal extension (ETE).Methods. We analyzed the medical records of 377 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with preoperative US and CT scan to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of characteristics imaging features (such as contact and disruption of thyroid capsule) for the presence of ETE in postoperative pathologic examination. We also evaluated the diagnostic power for several combinations of US and CT findings.Results. ETE was present in 174 (46.2%) based on pathologic reports. The frequency of ETE was greater in the patients with greater degrees of tumor contact and disruption of capsule, as revealed by both US and CT scans (positive predictive value of 72.2% and 81.8%, resp.). Considering positive predictive values and AUC of US and CT categories, separately or combined, a combination of US and CT findings was most accurate for predicting ETE (83.0%, 0.744).Conclusions. This study suggests that ETE can be predicted most accurately by a combination of categories based on the findings of US and CT scans.
Sudden Unexpected Death in a Patient with Tumour Associated Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Laohachewin D. , André F. , Tschaharganeh D. , Katus H. A. , Korosoglou G.
Published: November 2014

Tumour embolisms are rare and in most cases sudden causes of death. Diagnosing this rare condition is still very challenging in the daily clinical routine. In this report we present a case of a lethal sudden pulmonary tumour embolism in a 71-year-old male patient, who was admitted for elective invasive coronary angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease. The patient had suspected Ormond’s disease and no previous history of tumour burden. Possible diagnostic and treatment options are discussed herein and an overview of the current literature is also presented.
Dietary Blueberry and Bifidobacteria Attenuate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats by Affecting SIRT1-Mediated Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ren Tingting , Huang Chao , Cheng Mingliang
Published: November 2014

NAFLD model rats were established and divided into NAFLD model (MG group), SIRT1 RNAi (SI group), blueberry juice (BJ group), blueberry juice + bifidobacteria (BJB group), blueberry juice + SIRT1 RNAi (BJSI group), and blueberry juice + bifidobacteria + SIRT1 RNAi groups (BJBSI group). A group with normal rats was a control group (CG). BJB group ameliorated NAFLD, which was better than BJ group (P<0.05). The lipid accumulation was lower in CG, BJ, and BJB groups than that in MG, SI, BJSI, and BJBSI groups (P<0.05). The levels of SIRT1 and PPAR-αwere higher in CG, BJ, and BJB groups than those in MG, SI, BJSI, and BJBSI groups (P<0.05). The levels of SREBP-1c were lower in CG, BJ, and BJB groups than those in MG, SI, BJSI, and BJBSI groups (P<0.05). The biochemical indexes SOD, GSH, and HDL-c were improved from CG to BJB group (P<0.05). Inversely, the levels of AST and ALT, TG, TC, LDL-c, and MDA were decreased from CG to BJB group (P<0.05). These changes enhance antioxidative capability and biochemical index of rats. Blueberry juice and bifidobacteria improve NAFLD by activating SIRTI-mediating signaling pathway.
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: Confluent Patient History of Agitated Depression, Paroxetine Cessation, and a Tarlov Cyst
Authors: Eibye Simone , Jensen Hans Mørch
Published: November 2014

We report a case of a woman suffering from persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) after paroxetine cessation. She was admitted to a psychiatric department and diagnosed with agitated depression. Physical investigation showed no gynaecological or neurological explanation; however, a pelvic MRI scan revealed a Tarlov cyst. Size and placement of the cyst could not explain the patient’s symptoms; thus neurosurgical approach would not be helpful. Her depression was treated with antidepressant with little effect. Electroconvulsive therapy improved the patient’s symptoms though they did not fully resolve. More awareness of PGAD and thorough interdisciplinary conferences are necessary to insure an unequivocal treatment strategy.
Identification of a Multicriteria Decision-Making Model Using the Characteristic Objects Method
Authors: Piegat Andrzej , Sałabun Wojciech
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a new, nonlinear, multicriteria, decision-making method: the characteristic objects (COMET). This approach, which can be characterized as a fuzzy reference model, determines a measurement standard for decision-making problems. This model is distinguished by a constant set of specially chosen characteristic objects that are independent of the alternatives. After identifying a multicriteria model, this method can be used to compare any number of decisional objects (alternatives) and select the best one. In the COMET, in contrast to other methods, the rank-reversal phenomenon is not observed. Rank-reversal is a paradoxical feature in the decision-making methods, which is caused by determining the absolute evaluations of considered alternatives on the basis of the alternatives themselves. In the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and similar methods, when a new alternative is added to the original alternative set, the evaluation base and the resulting evaluations of all objects change. A great advantage of the COMET is its ability to identify not only linear but also nonlinear multicriteria models of decision makers. This identification is based not on a ranking of component criteria of the multicriterion but on a ranking of a larger set of characteristic objects (characteristic alternatives) that are independent of the small set of alternatives analyzed in a given problem. As a result, the COMET is free of the faults of other methods.
Comparison of Semidefinite Relaxation Detectors for High-Order Modulation MIMO Systems
Authors: Shao Z. Y. , Cheung S. W. , Yuk T. I.
Published: November 2014

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is considered to be one of the key technologies of LTE since it achieves requirements of high throughput and spectral efficiency. The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) detection for MIMO systems is an attractive alternative to the optimum maximum likelihood (ML) decoding because it is very computationally efficient. We propose a new SDR detector for 256-QAM MIMO system and compare its performance with two other SDR detectors, namely, BC-SDR detector and VA-SDR detector. The tightness and complexity of these three SDR detectors are analyzed. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SDR can provide the best BLER performance among the three detectors, while the BC-SDR detector and the VA-SDR detector provide identical BLER performance. Moreover, the BC-SDR has the lowest computational complexity and the VA-SDR has the highest computational complexity, while the proposed SDR is in between.
Glyoxylate, a New Marker Metabolite of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nikiforova Victoria J. , Giesbertz Pieter , Wiemer Jan , Bethan Bianca , Looser Ralf , Liebenberg Volker , Ruiz Noppinger Patricia , Daniel Hannelore , Rein Dietrich
Published: November 2014

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a variety of metabolic impairments that are closely linked to nonenzymatic glycation reactions of proteins and peptides resulting in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Reactive aldehydes derived from sugars play an important role in the generation of AGEs. Using metabolite profiling to characterize human plasma from diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects we observed in a recent study that the reactive aldehyde glyoxylate was increased before high levels of plasma glucose, typical for a diabetic condition, could be measured. Following this observation, we explored the relevance of increased glyoxylate in diabetic subjects and in diabetic C57BLKS/J-Leprdb/db-/-mice in the pathophysiology of diabetes. A retrospective study using samples of long-term blood donors revealed that glyoxylate levels unlike glucose levels became significantly elevated up to 3 years prior to diabetes diagnosis (difference to controlP=0.034). Elevated glyoxylate levels impact on newly identified mechanisms linking hyperglycemia and AGE production with diabetes-associated complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Glyoxylate in its metabolic network may serve as an early marker in diabetes diagnosis with predictive qualities for associated complications and as potential to guide the development of new antidiabetic therapies.
Perineal Ultrasound as a Complement to POP-Q in the Assessment of Cystoceles
Authors: Najjari Laila , Hennemann Julia , Larscheid Pia , Papathemelis Thomas , Maass Nicolai
Published: November 2014

Purpose. In the present study we want to propose a classification system to quantify cystoceles by perineal ultrasound (PUS).Materials and Methods.120 PUS data were analyzed measuring the distance between the lowest point of the bladder and the midpubic line (MPL) during rest and Valsalva. Results were classified into groups and compared to POP-Q using theκ-coefficient. Results for exact bladder position were checked for interrater reliability using ICC and Pearson’s coefficient and results for classification were checked using theκ-coefficient. Bladder positions at rest and Valsalva were correlated with the distance between these points.Results. Highly significant differences concerning the position at rest and the distance between rest and Valsalva were found between the groups. For the interrater agreement, the Pearson correlation coefficient wasρ=0.98, the ICC (A-1) = 0.98, andκ=1.00. Comparing the classification results for POP-Q and PUS, the kappa-coefficient wasκ=0.65.Conclusion. PUS using the MPL and the classification system is a highly reliable tool for the evaluation of cystoceles. PUS shows good correlation with POP-Q. Furthermore, PUS offers a doubtless identification of the descending organ. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical use of the classification system proposed here.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals and Spreadsheet Calculation
Authors: Sarker Subrata , Ahammad A. J. Saleh , Seo Hyun Woo , Kim Dong Min
Published: November 2014

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most important tools to elucidate the charge transfer and transport processes in various electrochemical systems including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Even though there are many books and reports on EIS, it is often very difficult to explain the EIS spectra of DSSCs. Understanding EIS through calculating EIS spectra on spreadsheet can be a powerful approach as the user, without having any programming knowledge, can go through each step of calculation on a spreadsheet and get instant feedback by visualizing the calculated results or plot on the same spreadsheet. Here, a brief account of the EIS of DSSCs is given with fundamental aspects and their spreadsheet calculation. The review should help one to develop a basic understanding about EIS of DSSCs through interacting with spreadsheet.
Biomarkers to Improve Diagnosis and Monitoring of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Archontogeorgis Konstantinos , Nena Evangelia , Papanas Nikolaos , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: November 2014

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse associated with oxygen desaturation and sleep disruption. It is proposed that these periodic changes lead to molecular variations that can be detected by assessing serum biomarkers. Studies have identified inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic perturbations attributable to sleep-disordered breathing. Given that OSAS is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity, the ideal biomarker should enable timely recognition with the possibility of intervention. There is accumulating data on the utility of serum biomarkers for the evaluation of disease severity, prognosis, and response to treatment. However, current knowledge is limited by data collection techniques, disease complexity, and potential confounding factors. The current paper reviews the literature on the use of serum biomarkers in OSAS. It is concluded that the ideal serum biomarker still needs to be discovered, while caution is needed in the interpretation of hitherto available results.
TDAL: Thoroughly Data Aggregation of Low Energy Devices in Secure Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Engouang Tristan Daladier , Liu Yun , Zhang Zhenjiang
Published: November 2014

The heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs), composed of multiple types of tiny devices (sensor nodes) with wireless communication capability and suffering from computational resources constrains, enable interacting with the physical world, like never before. Innovative applications are developed for security, industrial production, monitoring, and tracking, but theoretical assumptions on these distributed data may not hold in a real scenario. In this paper, the emphasis is on accurate data and sensor nodes privacy preserving while transmitting their sensory information amongst neighbors toward the sink based on parent-child relationship in the wireless sensor network (WSN) environment, while ensuring energy saving. Data aggregation is a known energy efficient technique that is investigated through in-depth analysis of sensor communication through game theory, considering various embodiments of methods like elliptic curve cryptography for secrecy between nodes. This paper endeavors to provide new perspective for secure and energy efficient data aggregation models, where the heterogeneity of a sensor network environment makes it more complex to predict the overall network outputs.
Is the Sequential Laser Technique for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Truly Superior to the Standard Selective Technique? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Akkermans Joost , Peeters Suzanne H. , Klumper Frans J. , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick
Published: November 2014

Background and Objective: To investigate the efficacy of sequential laser coagulation in the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for comparative studies on the efficacy of sequential versus standard selective laser coagulation for TTTS. The primary outcome measure in these studies was survival of at least one twin, both twins and fetal demise. Results: Three cohort studies comparing the selective laser treatment technique (n = 120) versus the sequential technique (n = 224) in 344 monochorionic twin pregnancies were included. Mean survival of at least one twin was 88% in the selective group versus 92% (p = 0.22) in the sequential group. Mean survival of both twins was lower in the selective group (52%) than in the sequential group (75%) (p = 0.002). Donor fetal demise decreased from 34% in the selective to 10% in the sequential group (p < 0.01), and recipient fetal demise decreased from 16 to 7% (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Limited evidence suggests improved double neonatal survival as well as decreased donor and recipient fetal demise with the use of the sequential technique. However, these results are based on small non-randomized studies with evident forms of bias and methodological limitations. A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of sequential laser technique is therefore required.
The Relationship between Lean Mass and Contractile Properties of the Quadriceps in Elderly and Young Adults
Authors: Mau-Moeller Anett , Bruhn Sven , Bader Rainer , Behrens Martin
Published: November 2014

Background: Aging is associated with a loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and function. The twitch torque evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves has been frequently used to analyse age-related modulations at the skeletal muscle level, such as changes in muscle mass. However, only one study has investigated the association between twitch contractile properties and skeletal muscle mass. A significant positive correlation between cross-sectional area and twitch parameters was found for the plantar flexors in young adults when using supramaximal doublet stimulation. It remains unclear whether this relationship exists for the quadriceps in elderly and young subjects when using single and doublet stimulation. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the lean mass of the thigh and evoked twitch properties of the quadriceps using single and doublet stimulation in two age groups. Methods: Fifteen young (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) and 15 elderly (aged 69.6 ± 3.1 years) subjects were recruited to participate in this study. The lean mass of the thigh was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Supramaximal single and doublet electrical stimulation was used to assess the contractile properties of the quadriceps. Results: We observed no significant associations between lean mass and contractile properties when using single stimulation. Significant positive correlations were shown between lean mass and peak twitch torque evoked by doublet stimulation in young (r = 0.56; p = 0.030) and elderly (r = 0.54; p = 0.040) subjects. The analysis of twitch time and slope parameters demonstrated no significant correlations with lean mass. Conclusion: The peak twitch torque evoked by doublet electrical stimulation seems to be an appropriate measure to assess modulations in muscle mass in elderly and young subjects. The use of supramaximal single stimulation and the analysis of time and slope parameters may not be recommended for estimating changes in muscle mass. Consequently, the occurrence of muscle mass loss with aging can be identified from the twitch torque signal induced by doublet stimulation, which is a simple and favorable way to estimate sarcopenia.
Germline DNA Variations in Breast Cancer Predisposition and Prognosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Sapkota Yadav
Published: November 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. The disease is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and reproductive risk factors. Linkage and family-based studies have identified many pathological germline mutations, which account for around 20% of the genetic risk of familial breast cancer. In recent years, single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic association studies, especially genome-wide association studies (GWASs), have been very successful in uncovering low-penetrance common variants associated with breast cancer risk. These common variants alone may explain up to an additional 30% of the familial risk of breast cancer. With the advent of available genetic resources and growing collaborations among researchers across the globe, the much needed large sample size to capture variants with small effect sizes and low population frequencies is being addressed, and hence many more common variants are expected to be discovered in the coming days. Here, major GWASs conducted for breast cancer predisposition and prognosis until 2013 are summarized. Few studies investigating other forms of genetic variations contributing to breast cancer predisposition and disease outcomes are also discussed. Finally, the potential utility of the GWAS-identified variants in disease risk models and some future perspectives are presented.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Quan Xiao-Qing , Yin Tie-Jun , Zhang Cun-Tai , Liu Jian , Qiao Li-Fen , Ke Chang-Shu
Published: November 2014

A 62-year-old woman was found to have multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules showing different 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptakes on positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Only the largest nodule in the left lower lobe showed an increased 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT. Three nodules were surgically resected from different lobes of the left lung. Two lobes were benign and showed amyloid deposition. The largest nodule in the left lower lobe showed adenocarcinoma and a heavy amyloid deposition. Pulmonary amyloidosis should be added to the differential diagnosis for cases with multiple pulmonary nodules that show different 18F-FDG uptakes on PET/CT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a lung nodule consisting of adenocarcinoma and amyloid deposition.
Chemerin Induces Insulin Resistance in Rat Cardiomyocytes in Part through the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ruining , Liu Suyun , Guo Bingyan , Chang Liang , Li Yongjun
Published: November 2014

Aims: Chemerin is a novel adipokine that is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chemerin on insulin resistance in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods: Rat cardiomyocytes were treated with high concentrations of glucose and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-E), and chemerin and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) were measured by Western blot analysis. Then, the cardiomyocytes were treated with chemerin and insulin. Glucose uptake was evaluated using a fluorescence microplate reader. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of Akt, insulin receptor substrate-1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Results: Chemerin and CMKLR1 were found to be expressed in rat cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with chemerin caused decreases in glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, chemerin activated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in insulin-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of ERK partially rescued chemerin-induced insulin resistance. Conclusion: Chemerin is a novel adipokine that induces insulin resistance in rat cardiomyocytes in part through the ERK1/2 pathway. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Facilitated Lexical Ambiguity Processing by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Left Inferior Frontal Cortex
Authors: Ihara Aya S. , Mimura Takanori , Soshi Takahiro , Yorifuji Shiro , Hirata Masayuki , Goto Tetsu , Yoshinime Toshiki , Umehara Hiroaki , Fujimaki Norio
Published: November 2014

Previous studies suggest that the left inferior frontal cortex is involved in the resolution of lexical ambiguities for language comprehension. In this study, we hypothesized that processing of lexical ambiguities is improved when the excitability of the left inferior frontal cortex is enhanced. To test the hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We investigated the effect of anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal cortex on behavioral indexes for semantic judgment on lexically ambiguous and unambiguous words within a context. Supporting the hypothesis, the RT was shorter in the anodal tDCS session than in the sham session for ambiguous words. The results suggest that controlled semantic retrieval and contextual selection were facilitated by anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal cortex.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites markers for two South American frogs (Leptodactylus bufonius and L. chaquensis) using next generation sequencing
Authors: Faggioni Gabriel P. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Souza Franco L. , Prado Cynthia P.A.
Published: November 2014

Leptodactylus bufonius (Vizcacheras’ white-lipped frog)
and L. chaquensis (Cei’s white-lipped frog) are
pond-breeding frogs that inhabit the Chaco and surrounding savanna-like
formations in South America. Throughout the Chacoan plain, the combined impacts
of livestock and forestry practices have led to a highly fragmented landscape
and an impoverished ecological system, threatening local species. We cloned and
characterized new microsatellite markers for both species. These markers will be
useful for behavioral and conservation genetic studies of populations throughout
this threatened habitat.
Between Phenomenology and Psychology
Authors: Arvidson P. Sven
Published: November 2014

This essay reflects on what it means to bring together the disciplines of Husserlian philosophy and psychology in light of current thinking about interdisciplinarity. Drawing from Allen Repko’s (2012) work on the interdisciplinary research process, aspects highlighted include justifying using an interdisciplinary approach, identifying conflicts between disciplinary insights, creating common ground between concepts, and constructing a more comprehensive understanding. To focus the discussion and provide an example, I use Aron Gurwitsch’s (1964, 1966) work of extending the concepts and theories of Gestalt psychology to phenomenology. Gurwitsch’s writings can be seen as an attempt to first construct common ground for conflicting insights within psychology and within phenomenology, then create common ground for conflicting insights between psychology and phenomenology. Gurwitsch’s work can be taken as a kind of case study or adaptable model of how to find convergence. The ultimate goal is to bring interdisciplinary studies into productive conversation with phenomenological psychology.
Nero and the Last Stalk of Silphion: Collecting Extinct Nature in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Keller Vera
Published: November 2014

Many studies of early modern natural history focus upon observational, empirical techniques. Early moderns also contended with entities which could no longer be observed because they no longer existed. Although it is often assumed that extinction only emerged as a concept in the eighteenth century, the concept of natural loss appeared, often unproblematically, in areas outside natural philosophy. A survey of discussions of the extinct plant silphion across Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries shows that the possibility of natural loss was well aired. Paper technologies for collecting extinct nature ran parallel to investigations of newly found nature, and thus can place the latter in a new light. Although ideas of natural mutability often drew on ideas of historical or political change rather than philosophical concepts of natural constancy, techniques developed for extinct nature, such as the list of lost things, remained influential for the research agendas of naturalists.