bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Wearable Tubing Assistive Walking Device on Anterior Tibial Muscle Activity at Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Septyaningrum Tri Rahayu , Subagyo Subagyo , Andriana Meisy , Pawana I Putu Alit
Published: February 2023

Background: One-third of post-stroke patients experience gait disturbance which is commonly associated with drop foot at three months after acute stroke. One of the orthoses that are proposed to improve gait in stroke patient is Wearable Tubing Assistive Walking Devices (WTAWD). It is hypothesized that WTAWD reduce the anterior tibial muscle activity which may become hyperactive during the swing phase in post-stroke patient with drop foot as an attempt to perform foot clearance.
Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of WTAWD on anterior tibial muscle activity during the swing phase in post-stroke patients.
Material and Methods: Eleven patients, aged 30-60 years, with post-stroke hemiparesis in the subacute and chronic phase who fulfill the inclusion criteria are chosen as research subjects. The subjects were asked to wear WTAWD on the leg with weakness. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) examination of anterior tibial muscle was performed when the patient walked with and without wearing the WTAWD.
Results: All 11 subjects completed the sessions and study protocol, with no losses throughout the study. None of the subjects reported any adverse effects during or after the intervention. A significant reduction of sEMG value on anterior tibial muscle activity was found when the patient wore WTAWD (p=0.001).
Conclusion: There is an effect of WTAWD on decreasing anterior tibial muscle activity during the swing phase in post-stroke patients. Further research is needed to measure the kinematic and temporospatial values to increase knowledge about the effect of additional WTAWD to improve gait in stroke patients.
Keep an eye on the crime – a new look at the forensic use of post-mortem eye examination to estimate time of death
Authors: Van der Veer Jacob , Rzepczyk Szymon , Żaba Czesław
Published: February 2023

Determining the time of death plays a crucial role in a forensic post-mortem examination. Many methods for the time of death (TOD) determination have been developed. However, most are not applicable during the first hours after death and produce large post-mortem interval (PMI) ranges. Eye examination makes it possible to precisely determine the time of death during the initial period after death with half-hour accuracy.. In recent years methods for estimating the time of death by measuring the changes in the eye have made great strides. Those methods use the changes in the reaction to drugs and macroscopically visible morphological changes. Experimental studies also produced equations that can estimate the post-mortem interval using biochemical, electrochemical and thermal changes within the eye.
Form-finding for Free-form Reticulated Shell Structure Considering Structural Performance and Regularization of Node Connection Patterns
Authors: Kimura Toshiaki , Takeuchi Hiroki
Published: February 2023

In this study, we propose a form-finding method for the free-formed reticulated shell structure, considering both structural performance and regularization of node connection patterns. The coordinates of the nodes of the reticulated shells are represented on the non-uniform rational
B-spline (NURBS) surface. According to the principal curvature, the clustering classifies the node connection patterns into specified groups. Multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize the strain energy and maximum deviation in clusters. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used
to solve the optimization problem. The mechanical properties of the optimal solution obtained in a numerical example are discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Gauss Quadrature for Integrals and Sums
Authors: Alhaidari Abdulaziz D.
Published: February 2023

Gauss quadrature integral approximation is extended to include integrals with a measure consisting of a continuous as well as a discrete component. That is, we give an approximation for the integral of a function plus its sum over a discrete weighted set.
AIMARISM: Dialectical Creation of a “Nation”. Contexts Between Historical Evidence and Narrative
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martín
Published: February 2023

Aymaraism, as a socio-cultural phenomenon, has given rise to components and elements of representativeness in the population of the Andes. However, the dialectic component of the Aymara as a nation is annulled by fundamental historiographical elements that underlie this process of identification. The empirical analysis of the historical data leads us to conclude that the Aymara language and culture contain ambiguous elements that cannot be defined according to the dialectical interpretation and the current narrative. Thus, the analysis of the cultural, linguistic and social elements of this population from the Early Horizon period to the present confirms the historical distortion towards a narrative component of origin and presence in the territory of the Qullasuyu, in the current geographical area of the Collao. In order to understand this phenomenon, this work promotes the complementarity of the analysis through the use of ethnoarchaeological and documentary elements in order to clarify the origin, synthesis and development of the Aymara from a historical perspective, leaving aside the dialectical component of the present.
Ontology-Driven Knowledge Sharing in Alzheimer's Disease Research
Authors: Lazarova Sophia , Petrova-Antonova Dessislava , Kunchev Todor
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition which is known to be the most common cause of dementia. Despite its rapidly growing prevalence, medicine still lacks a comprehensive definition of the disease. As a result, Alzheimer’s disease remains neither preventable nor curable. In recent years, broad interdisciplinary collaborations in Alzheimer’s disease research are becoming more common. Furthermore, such collaborations have already demonstrated their superiority in addressing the complexity of the disease in innovative ways. However, establishing effective communication and optimal knowledge distribution between researchers and specialists with different expertise and background is not a straightforward task. To address this challenge, we propose the Alzheimer’s disease Ontology for Diagnosis and Preclinical Classification (AD-DPC) as a tool for effective knowledge sharing in interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary teams working on Alzheimer’s disease. It covers six major conceptual groups, namely Alzheimer's disease pathology, Alzheimer's disease spectrum, Diagnostic process, Symptoms, Assessments, and Relevant clinical findings. All concepts were annotated with definitions or elucidations and in some cases enriched with synonyms and additional resources. The potential of AD-DPC to support non-medical experts is demonstrated through an evaluation of its usability, applicability and correctness. The results show that the participants in the evaluation process who lack prior medical knowledge can successfully answer Alzheimer’s disease-related questions by interacting with AD-DPC. Furthermore, their perceived level of knowledge in the field increased leading to effective communication with medical experts.
Functional Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Plantago Major L. Extract for Potential Use in Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Anaya-Mancipe Javier Mauricio , Queiroz Vanessa de Moura , Dos Santos Rafael Ferreira , Castro Rosane Nora , Cardoso Veronica da Silva , Vermelho Alane Beatriz , Dias Marcos Lopes , Thiré Rossana. Mara da Silva Moreira
Published: February 2023

Plantago major L. is a worldwide available plant that has been used traditionally for several medical application due to its properties such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial etc. This work aimed to develop and evaluate nanostructured PCL electrospun dressing with P. major extract encapsulated in nanofibers for application in wound healing. The extract from leaves was obtained by extraction in a mixture of water:ethanol= 1:1 of the freeze-dried extract presented a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus Aureus susceptible and resistant to methicillin of 5.3 mg/mL, a high antioxidant capacity, but a low content of total flavonoids. Electrospun mats without defects were successfully produced using two P. major extract concentrations based on MIC value. The extract incorporation in PCL nanofibers was confirmed by FTIR and contact angle measurements. The PCL/P. major extract was evaluated by DSC and TGA demonstrating that incorporation of the extract decreases the thermal stability of the mats as well as the degree of crystallinity of PCL-based fibers. The P. major extract incorporation on electrospun mats produced a significant swelling degree (more than 400%) and increased the capacity of adsorbing wound exudates and moisture, important characteristics for skin healing. The extract-controlled release evaluated by in vitro study in PBS (pH, 7.4) shows that P. major extract delivery from the mats occurs in the first 24 h, demonstrating their potential capacity to be used in wound healing.
SBOannotator: a Python Tool for the Automated Assignment of Systems Biology Ontology Terms
Authors: Leonidou Nantia , Fritze Elisabeth , Renz Alina , Dräger Andreas
Published: February 2023

The number and size of computational models in biology have drastically increased over the past years and continue to grow. Modeled networks are becoming more complex, and reconstructing them from the beginning in an exchangeable and reproducible manner is challenging. Using precisely defined ontologies enables the encoding of field-specific knowledge and the association of disparate data types. In computational modeling, the medium for representing domain knowledge is the set of orthogonal structured controlled vocabularies named Systems Biology Ontology ( SBO). The SBO terms enable modelers to explicitly define and unambiguously describe model entities, including their roles and characteristics. Here, we present the first standalone tool that automatically assigns SBO terms to multiple entities of a given SBML model, named the SBOannotator. The main focus lies on the reactions, as the correct assignment of precise SBO annotations requires their extensive classification. Our implementation does not consider only top-level terms but examines the functionality of the underlying enzymes to allocate precise and highly specific ontology terms to biochemical reactions. Transport reactions are examined separately and are classified based on the mechanism of molecule transport. Pseudo-reactions that serve modeling purposes are given reasonable terms to distinguish between biomass production and the import or export of metabolites. Finally, other model entities, such as metabolites and genes, are annotated with appropriate terms. Including SBO annotations in the models will enhance the reproducibility, usability, and analysis of biochemical networks. Availability: The open-source project SBOannotator is freely available under the terms of LGPL version 3.0 from https://github.com/draeger-lab/SBOannotator/.
Моделирование сценариев однозначной магнитной стабилизации космического аппарата на Солнце по данным солнечных датчиков
Authors: Ролдугин Дмитрий Сергеевич , Roldugin Dmitry Sergeevich
Published: February 2023

Проводится моделирование углового движения космического аппарата в различных сценариях стабилизации в направлении Солнца. Аппарат оснащен только солнечными датчиками и магнитной системой ориентации. Приводятся алгоритмы управления, позволяющие надеяться на достижение однозначной стабилизации на
Солнце с поддержанием вращения вокруг этого направления, несмотря на невозможность идентификации вращения с помощью солнечных датчиков. Моделирование движения при различных конфигурациях орбит и распределении масс аппарата
показывает работоспособность предложенной методики и позволяет судить о качестве работы управления.
Application of Chebyshev methods for solving elliptic equations on voxel meshes
Authors: Kritskiy Boris Viktorovich
Published: February 2023

The paper considers various types of Chebyshev iteration methods for solution of difference approximations of elliptic equations on voxel meshes. Approaches to the construction of these methods and their various modifications are considered. Comparison of modifications of methods is performed.
PENERAPAN E-MODUL DENGAN APLIKASI FLIPBOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Yanti Febrianti  , Utari Enggar , Suhendar
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran informatika dengan menerapkan inovasi modular berupa aplikasi flipbook. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII H SMP Negeri 1 Karangtanjung yang berjumlah 35 siswa, 15 laki-laki dan 20 perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: hasil belajar siswa meningkat dengan nilai rata-rata siklus I mencapai 80,57 dengan persentase ketuntasan 68,57%, sedangkan nilai rata-rata siklus II mencapai 81,42 dengan persentase ketuntasan 85,71% dapat disimpulkan,  hasil belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan dengan modul inovatif dengan aplikasi flipbook.
Pemanfaatan Pasir Putih Oleh Pelajar Di Kecamatan Aimre Kabupaten Ngada, Nusa Tenggara Timur Sebagai Sarana Pendidikan Dan Rekreasi
Authors: Warti Yani , Arif Yudabbirul arif
Published: February 2023

Kegiatan rekreasi disebabkan dari kejenuhan siswa belajar,maka perasan sekolah juga menyiasati dengan melakukan karya wisata dari siswa rekreasi,dengan teman sejawat tanpa dari sekolah,atau kelompok-kelompok sangan-sangan dari pras penelitian kegiatan rekreasi di pantai pasir putih dilakukan mempunyai tujuan pedagogik. jenis penelitian yang digunakan yakni jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. penelitiannya menggunakan beberapa metode pengumpulan data dari sumber data atau informan. Didapatkan gambaran besar melalui informan dan hasil dokumentasi yang didapatkan bahwa belum maksimalnya pemanfaatan yang dilakukan di pasir putih agar terciptanya sebuah sarana pendidikan dan rekreasi yang diinginkan. Disarankan Pemerintah perlu berpartisipasi mendukung pembangunan tempat wisata pantai Pasir putih Aimere,terlebih khusus sarana prasarana pantai yang belum mencapai standar kelayakan.
Phytochemical Screening Extract of Canna edulis K. by Using Gass Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Savira Nadyatul Ilma Indah , Assyifa Siti Shofa Qulbi , Marditianingsih Meilia Putri , Laili Mumtahana
Published: February 2023

Canna edulis K. is a tuberous crop containing starch that is frequently consumed as food. Due to the phytochemical content of canna tubers, several studies have demonstrated the use of canna tuber as an antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective agent. This study aims to quantitatively determine the phytochemical content of distilled water extract and ethanol extract of canna tuber, as previous research has only provided qualitative results. Old-red canna tubers were extracted using maceration and freeze-drying techniques. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the extraction results with two different solvent types were analyzed. According to the GC-MS results, the ethanol extract represented 32 phytochemical compounds, more abundant than the distilled water extract (16 compounds). The terpenoid compound tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane can be extracted with both ethanol and distilled water solvents, whereas the polysaccharide compounds D-Mannitol, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose, and d-Mannose can only be extracted with ethanol solvent. The results of the phytochemical analysis of canna tuber extract are expected to be utilized as pharmaceuticals or alternative food ingredients.
Dynamics of Predator-prey Model under Fluctuation Rescue Effect
Authors: Arif Ghassan E. , Alebraheem Jawdat , Yahia Warif B.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a novel idea as it investigates the rescue effect of the prey with fluctuation effect for the first time to propose a modified predator-prey model that forms a non-autonomous model. However, the approximation method is utilized to convert the non-autonomous model to an autonomous one by simplifying the mathematical analysis and following the dynamical behaviors. Some theoretical properties of the proposed autonomous model like the boundedness, stability, and Kolmogorov conditions are studied. This paper's analytical results demonstrate that the dynamic behaviors are globally stable and that the rescue effect improves the likelihood of coexistence compared to when there is no rescue impact. Furthermore, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the impact of the fluctuation rescue effect on the dynamics of the non-autonomous model. The analytical and numerical results show a more coexisted model between prey and predator, which can help any extinction-threatened ecosystem.
Detecting DNA of multispecies dinoflagellate cysts in the sediment from three estuaries of Makassar strait and fishing port using CO1 primer: Is it CO1 primer suitable for detecting DNA dinoflagellate?
Authors: Rukminasari Nita , Hidayani Andi Aliah , Parenrengi Andi , Andriyono Sapto
Published: February 2023

Most dinoflagellate had a resting cyst in their life cycle.  This cyst was developed in unfavorable environmental condition. The conventional method for identifying dinoflagellate cyst in natural sediment requires morphological observation, isolating, germinating and cultivating the cysts.  PCR is a highly sensitive method for detecting dinoflagellate cyst in the sediment.  The aim of this study is to examine whether CO1 primer could detect DNA of multispecies dinoflagellate cysts in the sediment from our sampling sites. Dinoflagellate cyst DNA was extracted from 16 sediment samples. PCR method using COI primer was running. The sequencing of dinoflagellate cyst DNA was using BLAST. Results showed that there were two clades of dinoflagellate cysts from four locations of study.  Clade 1 was dominated by samples from the Jeneberang Estuary (JB), Maros Estuary (M) and Pangkep Estuary(P), while clade 2 was dominated by samples from the Paotere Port (PP). The genetic distance varied between DNA dinoflagellate cyst samples ranging from 0.5 -0.6. The closest genetic distance was between sample of JB1 and sample of JB2, while the farthest genetic distance was sample PP1 and PP2. The primer CO1 was not suitable for dinoflagellate cyst DNA due to only picking one DNA, which was a diatom (Licmophora sp).
Green synthesis of CdS:Sn NPs by Starch as a Covering Agent and Studying its Physical Properties
Authors: Yaaqoub Zainab , Abbas Nada K.
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research is to employ starch as a stabilizing and reducing agent in the production of CdS nanoparticles with less environmental risk, easy scaling, stability, economical feasibility, and suitability for large-scale production. Nanoparticles of CdS have been successfully produced by employing starch as a reducing agent in a simple green synthesis technique and then doped with Sn in certain proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%).According to the XRD data, the samples were crystallized in a hexagonal pattern, because the average crystal size of pure CdS is 5.6nm and fluctuates in response to the changes in doping concentration 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 %wt Sn, to become   4.8, 3.9, 11.5, 13.1, 9.3 nm respectively. An increase in crystalline size has been noticed in the doped CdS than in the pure CdS. The particle size is within the range of 24-103 nm, according to SEM data from pure CdS and of the doped with Sn particles.  The band gap's energy values, according to UV-Vis reflection spectroscopy were 3.06,2.61 ,2.63, 2.63, 2.66,2.69 eV for pure and doped with Sn  1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% respectively. The grain size and roughness rate of pure CdS materials and doped with Sn are shown in AFM results 2.16,2.39,10.07,11.33, 12.47,18.56 nm and average diameter is 30.15, 11.71, 66.06, 48.27,82.011, 80.35 nm for pure and doped with tin 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% respectively.
Biological peculiarities of Leucozonella retteri
Authors: Makhmudjonov Zafar M. , Khakimov Khayrullo B. , Mekhmonova Nilufar A. , Nasriddinova Shakhzoda R. , Abdurashitov Seytveli S.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the research is to study the biology, life cycles, distribution and structure of the reproductive organ of Leucozonella retteri in natural conditions. Zoological and malacological methods are used in the work. The collection of the material was carried out according to A.A. Shileiko method. According to the results of the conducted studies, the differences between Leucozonella retteri and other species in the structure of the reproductive organ were manifested in the following. The lower part of the sperm is straight, the ovary is slightly curved. The paw pad is 8, located in 4x2 positions. The stylophore is large spherical. The vagina is cylindrical, its length is 5-6 times greater than the width. The penis is large and convex.
In natural conditions, egg laying of mollusks is observed at an average air temperature of 17-19° C, air humidity of 70-80%. In Leucozonella Retter, population variability was more pronounced than biotopic variability. The biology and distribution of the Leucozonella retteri species in the natural conditions of the territory of Uzbekistan was studied for the first time.
It was found that the species Leucozonella retteri has a significant variability in quantitative indicators, i.e. morphometric sizes, compared with the qualitative variability of morphological signs of blood
The results of the research showed that in arid climate, the variability of all the signs of the shell is manifested depending on the habitat.
Using VGG Models with Intermediate Layer Feature Maps for Static Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Fadhil Osamah Y. , S. Mahdi Bashar , R. Abbas Ayad
Published: February 2023

A hand gesture recognition system provides a robust and innovative solution to nonverbal communication through human–computer interaction. Deep learning models have excellent potential for usage in recognition applications. To overcome related issues, most previous studies have proposed new model architectures or have fine-tuned pre-trained models. Furthermore, these studies relied on one standard dataset for both training and testing. Thus, the accuracy of these studies is reasonable. Unlike these works, the current study investigates two deep learning models with intermediate layers to recognize static hand gesture images. Both models were tested on different datasets, adjusted to suit the dataset, and then trained under different methods. First, the models were initialized with random weights and trained from scratch. Afterward, the pre-trained models were examined as feature extractors. Finally, the pre-trained models were fine-tuned with intermediate layers. Fine-tuning was conducted on three levels: the fifth, fourth, and third blocks, respectively. The models were evaluated through recognition experiments using hand gesture images in the Arabic sign language acquired under different conditions. This study also provides a new hand gesture image dataset used in these experiments, plus two other datasets. The experimental results indicated that the proposed models can be used with intermediate layers to recognize hand gesture images. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that fine-tuning the fifth and fourth blocks of these two models achieved the best accuracy results. In particular, the testing accuracies on the three datasets were 96.51%, 72.65%, and 55.62% when fine-tuning the fourth block and 96.50%, 67.03%, and 61.09% when fine-tuning the fifth block for the first model. The testing accuracy for the second model showed approximately similar results.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and anti-inflammatory activity of some Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde as a potential cyclooxygenase inhibitor
Authors: Hussen Narmin Hamaamin
Published: February 2023

A series of Schiff base-bearing salicylaldehyde moiety compounds (1-4) had been designed, synthesized, subjected to insilico ADMET prediction, molecular docking, characterization by FT-IR, and CHNS analysis techniques, and finally to their Anti-inflammatory profile using cyclooxygenase fluorescence inhibitor screening assay methods along with standard drugs, celecoxib, and diclofenac. The ADMET studies were used to predict which compounds would be suitable for oral administration, as well as absorption sites, bioavailability, TPSA, and drug likeness. According to the results of ADME data, all of the produced chemicals can be absorbed through the GIT and have passed Lipinski’s rule of five. Through molecular docking with PyRx 0.8, these synthesized compounds were tested insilico selectivity toward COX-1 and COX-2 and in vitro for their anti-inflammatory efficacy . In vitro testing demonstrated that all of the produced compounds had significantly stronger activity against the COX-2 enzyme than COX-1. Among these, compound 1 displayed the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.19 µM compared to standard drug celecoxib (IC50 = 0.29 µM). The most active derivative compound1 was oriented towards the active site and occupied the target enzyme based on the docking investigation against COX-1 and COX-2. In addition, insilico investigations found that COX-2 has a higher inhibitory activity than COX-1
Small Horizontal Wind Turbine Design and Aerodynamic Analysis Using Q-Blade Software
Authors: Zidane Othman K. , Mahmood Yaseen H.
Published: February 2023

Wind energy is one of the most common and natural resources that play a huge role in energy sector, and due to the increasing demand to improve the efficiency of wind turbines and the development of the energy field, improvements have been made to design a suitable wind turbine and obtain the most energy efficiency possible from wind. In this paper, a horizontal wind turbine blade operating under low wind speed was designed using the (BEM) theory, where the design of the turbine rotor blade is a difficult task due to the calculations involved in the design process. To understand the behavior of the turbine blade, the QBlade program was used to design and simulate the turbine rotor blade during working conditions. The design variables such as (chord length and torsion angle) affecting the performance of wind turbines were studied. Aileron (NACA4711) was selected for sixteen different sections of the blade with a length of (155 cm) both (power factor, torque coefficient, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, lift-to-drag coefficient ratio) where high-accuracy results were obtained and it was found that the best performance in which the turbine rotor can operate is when the(tip speed ratio) is equal to (7). In addition, a power factor was obtained (Cp = 0.4742), not exceeding the Betz limit (0.59%). It is good efficiency for a small wind turbine, and it turns out that the design of a small horizontal wind turbine with three blades is suitable for working in areas with low wind speed.
Solid Waste Treatment Using Multi-Criteria Decision Support Methods Case Study Lattakia City
Authors: Jafar Raed , Alhindawee Zahraa , Shahin Haytham , Awad Adel
Published: February 2023

Lattakia city faces many problems related to the mismanagement of solid waste, as the disposal process is limited to the random Al-Bassa landfill without treatment. Therefore, solid waste management poses a special challenge to decision-makers by choosing the appropriate tool that supports strategic decisions in choosing municipal solid waste treatment methods and evaluating their management systems. As the human is primarily responsible for the formation of waste, this study aims to measure the degree of environmental awareness in the Lattakia Governorate from the point of view of the research sample members and to discuss the effect of the studied variables (place of residence, educational level, gender, age, and professional status) on the level of environmental awareness. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS.21 statistical package. This study also presents a methodology to find the optimal scenario for solid waste treatment using the hierarchical analysis method represented by Expert Choice 11.1.
The study found that there is an environmental awareness about the danger of the increasing percentage of environmental pollution and the presence of a social willingness to contribute to solid waste management, such as household sorting and working in voluntary associations. Environmental awareness is spreading throughout the province, but more attention is paid to the environment in the countryside than in the city. It was also found that environmental awareness is linked to the cultural level, and it was equal between males and females.
The study also provided the optimal treatment method for solid waste according to the theory of hierarchical analysis, where the biogas production method ranked first with a rate of 35.5%, followed by the composting production method with 22.6%, the recycling method with 17.4%, followed by the incineration method by 15%. The sanitary landfill method ranked last, with 9.5%.
The Necessary and Sufficient Optimality Conditions for a System of FOCPs with Caputo–Katugampola Derivatives
Authors: Holel Moataz Abbas , Hasan Sameer Qasim
Published: February 2023

The necessary optimality conditions with Lagrange multipliers  are studied and derived for a new class that includes the system of Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivatives to the optimal control problems with considering the end time free. The formula for the integral by parts has been proven for the left Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative that contributes to the finding and deriving the necessary optimality conditions. Also, three special cases are obtained, including the study of the necessary optimality conditions when both the final time  and the final state  are fixed. According to convexity assumptions prove that necessary optimality conditions are sufficient optimality conditions.
Neural and behavioral effects of parent training on emotion recognition in mothers rearing children with ADHD
Authors: Makita Kai , Yao Akiko , Shimada Koji , Kasaba Ryoko , Fujisawa Takashi X , Mizuno Yoshifumi , Tomoda Akemi
Published: February 2023

This randomized controlled study examined neurological changes in socioemotional processing skills through parent training in caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Thirty mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were stratified into parent training and non-parent training groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test, and parenting difficulties were evaluated using the Parenting Stress Index and the Parenting Scale, twice (before and after parent training). Only mothers in the parent training group showed a significant decrease in Parenting Stress Index and Parenting Scale scores. They also demonstrated increased activity in the left occipital fusiform gyrus during the task of estimating emotions from facial pictures. We presumed that these changes might reflect the potential impact of enrollment in parent training in reducing stress, which might have increased activation of the fusiform gyrus.
Ultralow overpotential nitrate reduction to ammonia via a three step relay mechanism
Authors: Han Shuhe , Li Hongjiao , Li Tieliang , Chen Fanpeng , Yang Rong , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2023

Ammonia plays a significant role in agriculture and the next-generation carbon-free energy supply. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to NH3is attractive for nitrate removal and NH3production under ambient conditions. However, the energy efficiency is limited by the high reaction overpotential. Here, we propose a three-step relay mechanism composed of a spontaneous redox reaction, electrochemical reduction, and electrocatalytic reduction to overcome this issue. RuxCoyalloys are designed and adopted as model catalysts. Ru15Co85exhibits an onset potential of +0.4 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode and an energy efficiency of 41.54 ± 1.72 %, which are both the best records. The high performance results in a low production cost of $0.49 ± 0.02 /kgammonia($0.58~1.02/kgammoniasold in the USA). Electrochemicalin situspectroscopy and theoretical simulations indicate that the three-step relay mechanism leads to excellent catalytic performance on Ru15Co85and can be extended to RuxFeyand RuxNiyalloys.
An Efficient Task Allocation Using Resource Shortest Scheduling and Fairness Firefly Algorithm In Cloud Computing
Authors: s dharma , P KAVITHA
Published: February 2023

The cloud computing has become significant part of day to day life. It is assimilated the several resource for the user’s requirement. However, the scale and highly dynamic environment of cloud application executes significant new challenges to resource management and efficient resource scheduling are highly demanded. The problem of Resource scheduling and Task allocation is an important aspect on the cloud performance. The propose a systematic approach to denote the reliability, running time, and failure processing of resource scheduling in cloud computing. The Resource Shortest Scheduling and Fairness Fire Algorithm (RSSFFA) is enhance the resource scheduling and task allocation during the time of loading the server in polynomial time and consume an execution time.
Strong HONO Emissions from Fertilized Soil in the North China Plain Driven by Nitrification and Surface Water Exchange
Authors: al. Xue et
Published: February 2023

Soil was proposed as an important nitrous acid (HONO) source but has not so far been demonstrated by field flux measurements and its atmospheric impacts are highly uncertain. Through field flux measurements we found strong soil HONO emission flux (FHONO) enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer use for agricultural fields. FHONO showed distinct diurnal variations with noontime peaks up to hundreds of ng-N m-2 s-1. With soil samples where field measurements took place, our laboratory experiments subsequently found that the release of soil nitrification-originated nitrite as HONO was largely accelerated by surface water exchange. This process was parameterized by a modified Arrhenius equation that reproduced field flux observations well. With the consideration of FHONO, the box model could well reproduce the observed ambient HONO and found that FHONO could significantly accelerate ozone production, highlighting the amplified role of nitrogen fertilizer in exacerbating regional ozone pollution. Moreover, we found that nitrification inhibitors could reduce HONO emissions by ~90%, indicating their great potential to mitigate air pollution. Furthermore, we estimated yearly HONO emission of 0.25 Tg-N from global fertilizer use for agriculture, representing a considerable reactive nitrogen source and significantly affecting atmospheric oxidizing capacity and air quality on a global scale.
The role of renewable energy investment and energy resource endowment in the evolution of carbon emission efficiency: spatial correlation and spillover effects
Authors: Wu Guolian , Cui Shibo , Wang Zixuan
Published: February 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Comparative Study of the Pharmacovigilance System in Nigeria and Ghana using WHO-Indicator Based Pharmacovigilance Assessment Tool. (IPAT)
Authors: Onasanya Seun Sunday , Yamoah Peter , Oosthuizen Frasia
Published: February 2023

Background: Nigeria and Ghana are both members of the World Health Organization (WHO) Program for International Drug Monitoring (PIDM) operated by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) in Sweden. The PIDM currently includes more than 150 countries and has an increasing influence on public health decisions and the development and implementation of Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. The requirements to join the WHO PIDM include submission of 20 reports in the internationally accepted E2B format to UMC and a formal letter from the ministry of health requesting to join the program. Even though the two countries are members of the WHO PIDM, they have different capacities.
Purpose of the study: To assess and determine the functionality, scope of operation, strengths and limitations of the national pharmacovigilance systems in Nigeria and Ghana using WHO PV indicators as standard.
Method: National PV documents backed by law and other statutory documents governing the PV systems of both Nigeria and Ghana were examined using the WHO indicators. Indicator–based Pharmacovigilance Assessment (IPAT) was developed by WHO to assess PV systems, PV in the two countries were compared by reviewing the government policies on PV. The staff of the pharmacovigilance unit of the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) were interviewed using the WHO Pharmacovigilance Indicators tool. The responses were recorded, and the data collected were analyzed.
Results: The PV systems in Nigeria and Ghana were supported by law and regulations in line with international standards. The standard operating procedures for reporting, processing, and communicating suspected adverse event reports from stakeholders of PV were in place in both countries. The Physician density per 1000 population in Nigeria and Ghana is 0.38 and 0.10 respectively. The two countries did not meet the 200 reports of suspected ADRs reported by 1 million of the population in 2020. There is no product quality report form, medication error reporting form or treatment error reporting form in either country. Nigeria and Ghana both have a designated budget for pharmacovigilance activities and an electronic ICSR reporting system. The national pharmacovigilance systems in the two countries do not have access to data on drug utilization.
Conclusion: The national pharmacovigilance systems in the two countries have a policy and legal frameworks defined by law and regulation to conduct pharmacovigilance activities. However, the two national PV systems are at different levels of dimension and performance concerning conducting PV activities. Varied targeted and directed interventions are needed to strengthen the PV systems in two countries to enable evidence-based decision making for patient safety.
Neurophenotypes of COVID-19: risk factors and recovery outcomes
Authors: Prabhakaran Divya , Day Gregory S. , Munipalli Bala , Rush Beth K. , Pudalov Lauren , Niazi Shehzad K. , Brennan Emily , Powers Harry R. , Durvasula Ravi , Athreya Arjun , Blackmon Karen
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with risk of persistent neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric complications, termed “long COVID”. It is unclear whether the neuropsychological manifestations of COVID-19 present as a uniform syndrome or as distinct neurophenotypes with differing risk factors and recovery outcomes. We examined post-acute neuropsychological profiles following SARS-CoV-2 infection in 205 patients recruited from inpatient and outpatient populations, using an unsupervised machine learning cluster analysis, with objective and subjective measures as input features. This resulted in three distinct post-COVID clusters. In the largest cluster (69%), cognitive functions were within normal limits, although mild subjective attention and memory complaints were reported. Vaccination was associated with membership in this “normal cognition” phenotype. Cognitive impairment was present in the remaining 31% of the sample but clustered into two differentially impaired groups. In 16% of participants, memory deficits, slowed processing speed, and fatigue were predominant. Risk factors for membership in the “memory-speed impaired” neurophenotype included anosmia and more severe COVID-19 infection. In the remaining 15% of participants, executive dysfunction was predominant. Risk factors for membership in this milder “dysexecutive” neurophenotype included disease-nonspecific factors such as neighborhood deprivation and obesity. Recovery outcomes at 6-month follow-up differed across neurophenotypes, with the normal cognition group showing improvement in verbal memory and psychomotor speed, the dysexecutive group showing improvement in cognitive flexibility, and the memory-speed impaired group showing no objective improvement and relatively worse functional outcomes compared to the other two clusters. These results indicate that there are multiple post-acute neurophenotypes of long COVID, with different etiological pathways and recovery outcomes. This information may inform phenotype-specific approaches to treatment.
Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Predicting the Associations among Human Microbes and Diseases via Multi-layer Attention
Authors: Zhang Hanxue , Jin Min , Gong Houwu , Wang Peng , Meng Yajie , Xu Junlin , Tian Geng , Yang Jialiang
Published: February 2023

Various microorganisms are affinitive with the pathogenesis of Human-related diseases and have become new targets for disease therapy. Since the limitations of long development period and high development funds for the wet-lab validation of a Microbe-Disease association, it is important to Conduct insilico approaches to prioritize high-confidence disease-associated microbes for further validation. The insilico approach to identify Microbe-Disease associations can not only provide an opportunity to overview the etiology of human diseases at microbiome and diseasome levels, but also indicate novel microbe-derived disease treatment methods. Recently, the increasing availability of biological data on microorganisms and human diseases has provided an excellent opportunity for Machine Learning to predict Microbe-Disease Correlation. Though there are many computational tools developed for this challenging problem, their accuracies are yet to be improved. In this work, a new model was proposed, called MAGMDA, which can predict Microbe-Disease associations by a graph convolutional neural network based on a multi-layer attention mechanism. First, A heterogeneous network is integrated by known Microbe-Disease associations, and graph convolution operations were performed on this network to learn the embedding of microbes and diseases. The attention mechanism is used to integrate multiple graph convolutional layer embeddings the experimental results were analyzed by cross-validation, and our proposed method had the best prediction accuracy compared to other methods. Finally, the effectiveness of our proposed method was further demonstrated by case studies.
The efficacy and safety of an intranasal spray COVID-19 vaccine in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase Ⅲ trial during Omicron period
Authors: Xia Ningshao , Zhu Fengcai , Huang Shou-Jie , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Qi , Zhuang Chunlan , Han Jinle , Jaen Anjuli , Do Thai Hung , Peter Jonathan , Dorado Alexander , Tirador Louie , Zabat Gelza , Villalobos Ralph , Gueco Gemalyn , Botha Lauren , Pertuz Shirley , Tan Jiaxiang , Zhu Kongxin , Quan Jiali , Lin Hongyan , Huang Yue , Jia Jizong , Chu Xiafei , Chen Junyu , Chen Yixin , Zhang Tianying , Su Ying-Ying , Li Changgui , Ye Xiangzhong , Wu Ting , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2023

The live-attenuated influenza virus vector-based intranasal vaccine (dNS1-RBD, Pneucolin®) is the world’s first COVID-19 mucosal vaccine to enter human trials, and has been issued for emergency use authorization in China. Here, we report safety and efficacy data from a multi-centre randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of Pneucolin® (two doses, 14 days apart) in adults (18 years and older) during the Omicron circulation. The result showed a favorable safety profile, with no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the vaccine and placebo groups. In the per-protocol set, for symptomatic COVID-19, the efficacies among total population, naïve participants, particiants with inactivated vacciantion history were 32.6% (95%CI 8.2 to 50.5), 55.2% (95%CI 13.8 to 76.7), 38.2% (95%CI -49.2 to 74.4) , and for symptomatic COVID-19 with three or more of the suspected symptoms, the efficacies were 42.3% (95%CI 15.7 to 60.5), 66.7% (95%CI 8.3 to 87.9) and 63.1% (95%CI -15.8 to 88.3) for the above mentioned 3 cohorts. An efficacy of 100.0% (95%CI -9.2 to 100.0) against hospitalized COVID-19 was observed in the whole enrolled population. We conclude that Pneucolin® is well-tolerated and can be an antibody-independent broad-spectrum effective tool to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, as primary immunization or heterologous booster.
Changes in body mass index and its association with socio-demographic characteristics between 2010 and 2016 in Singapore
Authors: Zhang Yunjue , Abdin Edimansyah , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Shafie Saleha , Roystonn P. Kumarasan , Ajit Vaingankar Janhavi , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: February 2023

Background
Epidemiological studies have observed an increase in the prevalence of obesity in both western and Asian countries. This study aims to compare the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in the general population of Singapore between 2010 and 2016, and to explore the socio-demographic risk factors associated with it.
Methods
Data for this study were extracted from two national-wise studies in 2010 and 2016, two population-based, cross-sectional epidemiological studies. BMI cut-off scores were used as an indicator to assess obesity in this study, and the data included in the analysis was self-reported by the respondents.
Results
Overall, the study observed decreasing prevalence in underweight and normal weight categories; and an increasing prevalence in overweight and obesity categories in the Singapore adult population between 2010 and 2016. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and educational level were found to be significantly associated with BMI categories.
Conclusion
The observed increase in the population’s BMI between 2010 and 2016 may lead to an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases in Singapore which would have an impact on the quality of life and the health care system. Our study findings add to the existing local literature BMI provides data for evidence-based policymaking on health-related interventions and programme planning.
Developing a novel optimisation approach for keeping heterogeneous diets healthy and within planetary boundaries for climate change
Authors: Colombo Patricia Eustachio , Elinder Liselotte , Nykänen Esa-Pekka , Patterson Emma , Lindroos Anna Karin , Parlesak Alexandr
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives: Current dietary habits have substantial negative impacts on the health of people and the planet. This study aimed to develop a novel approach for achieving health promoting and climate friendly dietary recommendations for a broad range of consumers.
Subjects and methods: Hierarchical clustering analysis was combined with linear programming to design nutritionally adequate, health-promoting, climate-friendly and culturally acceptable diets using Swedish national dietary data (n= 1,797). Diets were optimised for the average consumption of the total population as well as for three identified dietary clusters.
Results: All optimised diets had lower shares of animal-sourced foods and contained higher amounts of plant-based foods. These dietary shifts reduced climate impacts by up to 53% while leaving much of the diet unchanged. The optimised diets of the three clusters differed from the optimised diet of the total population. All optimised diets differed considerably from the food-group pattern of the EAT-Lancet diet.
Conclusions: The novel cluster-based optimisation approach was able to generate more acceptable and realistic alternatives for a sustainable diet.