bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypic diversity in the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer patients: association with clinical and pathological parameters
Authors:   Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Kalinchuk A.Yu. , Tashireva L.A. ,   Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Perelmuter V.M. ,   Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk
Published: September 2023

Introduction. M1 and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are known to express programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). It can determine disease outcomes and tumor response to treatment including immunotherapy. However, the macrophage composition of the breast cancer microenvironment and its relation to various clinical and pathological features have been only partially studied. The aim of the study was to detect the PD-1 and PD-L1 expression features in M1 and M2 macrophages in breast cancer patients depending on menstruation, tumor size, molecular subtype, lymph node metastases, and hematogenous metastases. Materials and methods. The study included 19 patients with breast cancer. Using seven-color multiplex TSA-modified immunohistochemistry, we identified M1 macrophages (CD68+CD163–CD3–CKAE1/3–), M2 macrophages (CD68+/–CD163+CD3–CKAE1/3–), and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the macrophages. Results. The macrophage composition of the breast carcinoma microenvironment varies in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. M1 macrophages are more characteristic to show their expression, and it does not depend on the molecular subtype and the presence of hematogenous metastases. Simultaneously, the relative number of macrophages with phenotypes PD1–PDL1+ M1 and PD1+PDL1+ M2 was higher in patients with tumor size corresponding to T2 compared to T1. Differences in macrophage composition were found in patients depending on the lymph node involvement. Patients without lymph node metastases had virtually no PD-1 expression in M2 macrophages in contrast to patients with them. Conclusion. Breast cancer was shown to have phenotypic variety of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, macrophage composition was diverse in different individuals. Initially, a different composition of macrophages is characteristic of patients with different tumor sizes and different lymph node involvement. Keywords: breast cancer, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, PD-L1, PD-1
Astrocyte lineage differentiation profiles of the fetal human telencephalon
Authors:   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Kharlamova A.S. , Otlyga E.G. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Godovalova O.S. ,   Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Junemann O.A. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Saveliev S.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Brain functioning is kept by both neuronal cell activity and macroglia, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The current data on the prenatal development of the human brain are scarce, and gliogenesis is less studied than cortical neurogenesis. Normal limits and variations and spatiotemporal patterns of glial differentiation in human brain development remain poorly studied. Materials and methods. We used human fetal autopsy samples from the Collection of the Laboratory of Nervous System Development of Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology. For immune and morphological analysis, samples of 38 fetal cerebral hemispheres at stages from 8 postconceptional weeks to birth were chosen. Results. We provided the results of the pilot comparative immune and morphological study with the panel of markers (GFAP, ALDH1L1, FABP-7) of the fetal human telencephalon in prenatal ontogenesis. Specific differentiation and maturation of the astrocyte population on the telencephalon start before early fetal period (12–13 gestational weeks). GFAP+ and ALDH1L1+ astrocyte populations in early human telencephalon are still to be studied for their homology. Analysis of GFAP+ and ALDH1L1+ glioblast distribution proposes dorsal proliferative zone as a source for fibrous cortical astrocytes. Comparative immune and morphological analysis of FABP-7+ neuroblasts in the fetal telencephalon questions whether FABP-7 cells belong to astrocyte population at early prenatal human ontogenesis. Conclusion. In the telencephalon, temporal and/or spatiotemporal translational profiles of these three antigens differ, which indicates that the astrocyte population is heterogeneous in early ontogenesis. Keywords: human brain development, telencephalon, glial differentiation, astrocytes, astrocyte fate lineage, GFAP, ALDH1L1, FABP-7
The content of neuroglobin in neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia of varying severity
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Bon E.I. , Maksimovich N.E. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Karnyushko O.A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Lazarev V.F. ,   Institute of Cytology, Saint Petersburg, Zimatkin S.M. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Nosovich M.A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Khrapovitskaya K.A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The role of neuroglobin ischemia is still unclear. Some studies indicate its neuroprotective effect due to increased expression of endothelial NOS. Other evidence refutes its significance for neuronal survival under oxygen-deficient conditions, as neuroglobin deficiency appears to increase HIF-1α expression. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 56 male outbred white rats weighing 258±18 g. Total cerebral ischemia was simulated by decapitation of animals, whereas the subtotal one was simulated by simultaneous ligation of both carotid arteries. Stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia was performed by ligating both carotid arteries with an interval of 7 days (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2), or 1 day (subgroup 3). Results. The study found significant differences in neuroglobin content across three subgroups. In subgroup 1, there was a notable increase in neuroglobin content compared to the control group, with a 13% increase in the parietal cortex (p<0.05) and a 14% increase in the hippocampus (p<0.05). However, subgroup 2 showed a decrease in neuroglobin content, with a 13% decrease in the parietal cortex (p<0.05) and a 7% decrease in the hippocampus (p<0.05). The most significant decrease in neuroglobin content was observed in subgroup 3, with a 31% decrease (p<0.05) in the parietal cortex and a 33% decrease (p<0.05) in the hippocampus. In subgroup 3, the parietal cortex showed a 40% decrease in neuroglobin content compared to subgroup 1 (p<0.05) and a 21% decrease compared to subgroup 2 (p<0.05). Similarly, the hippocampus exhibited a 42.6% decrease in neuroglobin content compared to subgroup 1 (p<0.05) and a 28% decrease compared to subgroup 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion. Thus, the most pronounced disorders of the prooxidant-oxidant balance decreased neuroglobin were observed during a 1-day total cerebral ischemia. Keywords: neuroglobin, ischemia, pyramidal neurons, hippocampus, parietal cortex
Response of neuroendocrine cells and splenic macrophages to tumor development in the colon
Authors:   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Mikhailova M.N. , Arlashkina O.M. ,   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Struchko G.Yu. ,   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Merkulova L.M. ,   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Stomenskaya I.S. ,   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Kostrova O.Yu. ,   IN Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary
Published: September 2023

Introduction. High cancer incidence requires finding new ways for comprehensive studying car-cinogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to understand immune organ cell response and cell interaction in tumor development. The aim of the research was to study Synaptophysin+-, CD68+-cells, and biogenic amines in rat spleens during tumor development in the colon during dysplasia stages and adenocarcinoma formation. Materials and methods. Spleen histological slides of 110 mature male rats were studied 1 and 4 months after 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogen administration using immunohistochemical, morphometric, and luminescent histochemical methods. Results. We found imbalanced production of biogenic amines (serotonin, histamine, and catecholamines) in the spleen and, therefore, a decrease in the cellular activity of the germinal centers of the lymphoid nodules. We also observed activation of periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) and red pulp in rats with precancerous colon lesions (1 month after carcinogen administration). At the same time, there was an increase in the number of CD68+ macrophages and Synaptophysin+ cells in the red pulp. In animals with adenocarcinoma (4 months after carcinogen introduction), the level of catecholamines in the luminescent granular cells of the PALS and the functional activity of these cells increased significantly. Simultaneously, the number of macrophages decreased in all the studied spleen compartments. Amid the decreased level of all biogenic amines in the red pulp, the quantity of Synaptophysin+ cells grew even more. Conclusion. The cells of all spleen compartments react to colon carcinogenesis, with reactivity of PALS cells and the red pulp being the most pronounced. The population of spleen macrophages undergoes rapid changes: their number increases in the red pulp in animals with precancerous lesions, while it decreases in all the splenic structures of rats with adenocarcinoma. Synaptophysin+ neuroendocrine cells of the red pulp play an important role in the reaction of the spleen to tumor development, and the number of these cells rises over time. Biogenic amines participate in the interaction of spleen cells with each other and with tumor-associated cells. Keywords: spleen, biogenic amines, neuroendocrine cells, synaptophysin, carcinogenesis
Morphological features of the internal organs in mice after prolonged microplastics consumption
Authors:   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Zolotova N.A. , Dzhalilova D.Sh. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Tsvetkov I.S. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Sentyabreva A.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Makarova O.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow
Published: September 2023

Introduction.Microplastics (MP) pollute the environment and can pose a danger to living organisms including humans. Experimental studies on mice and rats demonstrated that microplastics can enter the internal environment, causing structural damage to and dysfunction of various organs. However, data on this issue are scarce and contradictory. The aim of this paper was to characterize morphological changes in the internal organs in mice after prolonged MP consumption in different doses. Materials and methods. We formed four groups (n=5 each): three experimental and one control group. Mice of the experimental groups were given a 5-μm polystyrene particle suspension in distilled water at a concentration of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/l for 4 weeks. The daily consumption doses averaged 0.023, 0.23, and 2.3 mg of microparticles per kg of animal body weight, respectively. The control group received distilled water throughout the experiment. We conducted a morphological examination of the colon, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, brain, heart, testicles, and thigh muscles. In the colon, morphometric methods were used to evaluate inflammatory infiltration, the number of endocrine and goblet cells, and the content of neutral and highly sulfated mucins in the latter. Results. On morphological examination under the influence of 5-μm polystyrene particle consumption in different doses, we revealed pathological changes only in the spleen and colon. However, a decrease in the goblet cell volume fraction in the colon mucosa was found in the group with low dose of microplastics (0.023 mg/kg/day). The group that consumed 2.3 mg/kg/day of microplastics showed the activation of both spleen compartments, an increased endocrine cells count, and a decreased proportion of highly sulfated mucins in goblet cells. Conclusion. Polystyrene microparticles with a 5-μm diameter consumed for 4 weeks at doses of 0.023–2.3 mg/kg/day cause adaptive morphological and functional changes in the colon and spleen. Keywords: microplastics, polystyrene, spleen, colon, internal organs
EVALUATION OF THE INDICATORS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH PNEUMOCONIOSIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC TOXIC HEPATITIS
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Saint Luka Lugansk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Myakotkina G.V. , Petizina O.N.
Published: September 2023

In the introduction substantiates the urgency of the problem of pneumoconiosis, which in the territory of a large region of Donbass is often combined with chronic toxic hepatitis (CTH). The purpose of our study was to study the parameters of the antioxidant defense system (AOD) in our patients. Materials and methods. 40 patients with pneumoconiosis against the background of CTH were under observation. All patients received conventional therapy. In addition to the generally accepted examination, the activity of enzymes of the AOD system of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CT) was studied spectrophotometrically. Results. In patients with pneumoconiosis against the background of CTH, multidirectional shifts in CT activity and a decrease in SOD activity were observed before the start of treatment. At the time of completion of conventional treatment, despite some improvement in the studied parameters, complete normalization was not observed. Conclusions. Thus, conventional therapy does not contribute to the complete normalization of the parameters of the AOD system, which requires further development of complex treatment.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL STATE AND ADAPTIVE RISK OF TRUCK AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT DRIVERS
Authors:   FBSI «Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases», Nekrasova M.M. , Telyupina V.P. , Fedotova I.V.
Published: September 2023

It is relevant to identify risk factors and early markers of compensatory disorders, to assess the adaptive potential of people working in harmful working conditions. Purpose — to explore the functional state and adaptive risk of drivers of trucks and special equipment, depending on age and seniority. Materials and methods. The study involved 474 drivers of trucks and special equipment of the water supply and sanitation enterprise (men aged 21‑67 years (52.3±9.7), with an average driving experience of 28.9±11.9 years and work experience at the enterprise from 0.5 to 41 years). Parameters of the functional state were assessed by general clinical and biochemical methods. The adaptive risk was estimated using heart rate variability indices according to the method by R.M. Baevsky. Results. The adaptive risk of a low category was determined in 41.6% of the surveyed, moderate ‒ in 35.4%, high and very high — in 23%. Significant correlations of adaptive risk with age (r=0.21, p=0.0000), driving experience (r=0.114, p=0.02), risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (smoking, elevated blood pressure, serum glucose, body mass index) were established. A decrease in the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase was registered depending on the length of service at the enterprise (r=−0.25, p=0.005). Conclusion. Adaptive risk is a measure of functional reserves and the degree of stress of the cardiovascular system, which makes it possible to use this integral indicator for an early dynamic assessment of the risk of CVD in workers under high production loads.
TO THE PROBLEM OF MAINTAINING THE PSYCHO- EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF WORKERS
Authors:   FBSI «F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzor, Novikova A.V. , Shirokov V.A.
Published: September 2023

In today’s world, the work environment is becoming more complex and dynamic and creates an atmosphere of constant tension for employees. The risk of developing emotional disorders in the workplace, which is a serious problem for the health and productivity of work collectives, is increasing. The purpose of the study: to draw attention to the problem of maintaining the emotional well-being of employees and the consequences of ignoring this aspect in the work environment. Materials and methods: an analysis of the relationship between the psycho-emotional state of workers and the development of somatic diseases was carried out. Results and discussion: the necessity of introducing into practice the assessment of psychosocial factors in the workplace is discussed in order to create a favorable environment for workers. Compliance with ethical standards: Ethics approval was not required for this study.
CHRONIC EXOGENOUS ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS AS A PROGRESSIVE LUNG DISEASE
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of St. Petersburg» of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Orlova G.P. ,   FBSI «North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health», Ilkovich M.M.
Published: September 2023

63 patients with chronic exogenous allergic alveolitis (EAA) having been observed at the Research Institute of Interstitial and Orphan Lung Diseases I.P. Pavlov SPbSMU MOH Russia from 2016 to 2022. Occupational EAA was suspected in 15 patients (23,8%; mean work experience 16,5 years). However, only 8 patients were examined in center of occupational pathology. The remaining 7 patients have not visited an occupational pathologist. In 8 patients which were examined in center of occupational pathology, occupational EAA was established in half of the cases (0,5). Taking into account the fact that changes in the CT picture and functional parameters in chronic EAA are of the same type and do not depend on the relationship of the disease with the profession, as well as a small number of examined patients with occupational EAA, the results of examination of all patients with chronic EAA were analyzed. Progression of the fibrosing process in the lungs (PFPL) was detected in 15 patients (23.8%). The groups of patients with and without PFPL did not differ in mean age. However, it was noted that PFPL developed more often in smokers and with continued contact with the etiological factor. As a rule, these were contacts with birds and mold fungi. A more favorable course of chronic EAA was noted in contact with drugs, inorganic dust. The mean time to establish the diagnosis of EAA in the group of patients with PFPL was shorter (28,3±5,2 months) than in the remaining 48 patients (33,7±5,9 months). The most informative indicator, reflecting the presence of PFPL in chronic EAA, was DLCco and FVC. The progression of computer tomographic signs of lung fibrosis was observed only in 67% of patients.
MODERN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES OF A DENTIST
Authors:   FSFEI HE «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pavlova S.G. , Danilova N.B. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint-Petersburg State University», Nekhoroshev A.S.
Published: September 2023

Compliance with labor protection by personnel of dental offices is mandatory for their work. The working conditions of these specialists are characterized by the presence of hazardous and harmful production factors, to reduce or prevent the impact of which personal protective equipment (PPE) is used. An analysis of the study of the features of the use of all modern PPE, the fulfillment of the requirements provided for by the current legislation of a sanitary and epidemiological nature and labor protection of dentists is presented based on the results of the study. It was revealed that employees must be competent in the range and purpose of PPE, the correctness of their use, and also have a full supply of a sufficient number of modern effective PPE to comply with the safety standard of the medical dental organization.
PERSONS COVID‑19 HAVE SUFFERED CONNECTION OF DISEASE WITH PROFESSION EXAMINATION FEATURES
Authors:   FSBSI « Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Panova I.V. , Chernov O.E. , Novozhilova V.S.
Published: September 2023

The causative agent of COVID‑19 infectious disease, determined the structure of occupational morbidity of medical workers in 2020‑2022. The role of COVID‑19 as an infection associated with the provision of medical care with the risk of infection even with a single contact has been established. The main criteria for linking the COVID‑19 disease with the profession of medical workers have been determined: contact (mainly aerosol) with the source of infection (a sick person); terms of the incubation period (from 2 to 14 days); the presence of symptoms of the clinical picture of COVID‑19, characteristic concomitant diseases and complications; determined medical expert outcome: death or severe consequences.
ORGAN EFFECTS RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER POLLUTANTS COMBINED EXPOSURE ON WORKERS OF METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY
Authors:   FBSI «Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology», Potapova I.A. , Fedotova I.V. , Chernikova E.F.
Published: September 2023

In the conditions of modernization of many technological processes at modern metallurgical enterprises, there is an improvement in the state of the air environment — the content of individual pollutants in the air of the working area does not exceed hygienic standards, and working conditions are classified as permissible. At the same time, the presence of compounds with unidirectional biological action in the VRZ, when summed up, can cause increased occupational risks. The purpose of the work is to assess the a priori occupational risk of organ effects in metallurgists under the complex effects of chemicals and aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action in the air at workplaces (RM) of full‒cycle metallurgical production. In conditions of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of individual pollutants, workers work at 43.7% of workplaces, taking into account the combined effects of a chemical factor with a hazard index above one and concentrations of aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action exceeding hygienic regulations — at 65.5% of workplaces. The risk assessment, taking into account the organ effects of pollutants with unidirectional biological effects, showed that metallurgists at 61.8% of workplaces have increased risks of pathological disorders for the respiratory system, by 69.1% — for the cardiovascular system, by 58.2% — for the hematopoiesis system and by 29.1% — for the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, the main contribution to their formation is made by sulfur dioxide, suspended solids, nickel, manganese, formaldehyde, benzene and benz(a)pyrene.
PHENOTYPE OF STROKE IN MEN WORKING IN CONDITIONS OF EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Novosibirsk state medical University» Ministry of health of Russia, Poteryaeva E.L. ,   FBSI «Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzor, Yashnikova M.V. , Smirnova E.L.
Published: September 2023

The study of the course of stroke in high-risk workers remains relevant. On the basis of a comprehensive examination of persons working under power frequency electromagnetic field occupational exposure, phenotypic features were determined. The prevalence of atherothrombotic subtype of ischemic stroke was revealed. Severe severity of stroke throughout the acute period, regardless of age. At the time of the development of the disease, adaptive reactions in the form of acute stress and pronounced neurological deficit prevailed.
DYNAMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL MORBIDITY AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN FOR 2019‑2022
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Kazan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rakhimzianov A.R. ,   FSBEI HE «Kazan Federal University»
Published: September 2023

When analyzing cases of occupational diseases in the machine–building enterprise of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that they were most often diagnosed during medical examinations (RT - 84%, in the machine-building enterprise –100%). This indicates the effectiveness, stability and high quality of medical examinations(PME), which allow to establish occupational diseases at an early stage. The positive results in terms of the detection of occupational diseases during PME and the reduction of morbidity at the machine-building enterprise are due to the transition of the enterprise to new principles of occupational health and industrial safety management based on the international standards OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2015 and, of course, thanks to the competent construction of a policy in the field of personnel health protection. The leading nosological form in the structure of occupational pathology is sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), which accounts for about a third (30%) of the diagnoses of occupational diseases registered at the enterprise. It should be noted that at this enterprise, the dependence of the increase in the detection of occupational diseases without disability and occupational diseases with disability is traced. It can be argued that occupational diseases are actively detected at the initial stages without separate organs and systems, therefore, during the examination, the links of diseases with professional workers are recognized as professionally suitable. The rational use of the occupational safety management system and the correct distribution of functions between personnel and structures in the enterprise make it possible to effectively achieve the goals and objectives set for a long time.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD HYGIENIC REGULATION AND CONTROL MODERN PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Rubtsova N.B. , Perov S.Yu. , Belaya O.V.
Published: September 2023

Electromagnetic field (EMF) occupational exposure hygienic regulation and control modern problems caused by new equipment generating EMF, both in non-regulated frequency ranges, and generation in various modes and its combinations, widespread use are considered. Electromagnetic environment instrumental analysis at workplaces of MRI personnel, physiotherapy rooms staff, and samples of new nuclear technology of controlled fusion plants staff has shown that the intensity-time parameters of EMF exposure on these workplaces cannot be adequately assessed by current regulatory framework. EMF occupational exposure hygienic rationing and control improvement is proposed by intensity-time parameters regulating principle modernization.
DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL SHOULDER LESIONS
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Saarkoppel` L.M. ,   FSBEI APE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education»,   FSBI «The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia», Shhetinina A.A. , Skry`pnik O.V.
Published: September 2023

Shoulder lesions associated with physical functional overstrain are an urgent problem of occupational pathology, to which insufficient attention is paid. Taking into account the specifics of the working conditions of underground miners, the severity of the labor process of which is above the maximum permissible level, a survey of 170 workers was conducted, including mandatory neuro-orthopedic examination and selective ultrasound examination of shoulder joints. As a result of ultrasound examination, 118 patients revealed various signs of damage to the shoulder joint and periarticular structures. Ultrasound signs of shoulder lesions were not accompanied by clinical manifestations in all cases, as a result of which occupational pathology of the shoulder was diagnosed in 87 examined patients. In the structure of this pathology, tendinosis of the long head of the biceps muscle of the shoulder, lesions of the muscles of the rotator cuff and poddeltoid bursitis were revealed. A weak positive correlation of the severity of ultrasound and clinical symptoms was determined, which necessitates the development of new diagnostic approaches to the detection of shoulder lesions of professional etiology.
INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS AND EMOTIONAL BURNOUT ON THE RATE OF AGING OF MEDICAL WORKERS IN OUTPATIENT CLINICS
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Kazan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Sibgatullin I.Y. , Badamshina G.G. , Fatkhutdinova L.M.
Published: September 2023

Healthcare workers are experiencing significant stress and burnout, with burnout rates reported recently ranging from 60% to 70%. The World Health Organization defines burnout as occupational phenomenon that occurs as a result of chronic stress in the workplace, which could not be dealt with. Analysis of obtained data showed that high level of stress prevailed in the age group of 60‑80 years — 43.8%, at the average age of 45‑59 years, a high level of stress was detected in 35%, and at a young age in 31.6% of medical workers. Low stress level prevailed in the age group of 45‑59 years and corresponded to 43.3%. Such employees have a high risk of developing chronic stress and stress-related health disorders. When analyzing the questionnaire on emotional burnout, it was revealed that in each age group, emotional burnout is registered in approximately equal numbers, at a young age 35.9%, at an average age 40%, and in the largest number in the older age group and is 43.8%. When analyzing the emotional burnout questionnaire, the degree of development of emotional burnout and its prevalence in workers with different levels of work stress were studied. It was revealed that at the age of 18‑44 years with a low level of stress, most employees had a low degree of emotional burnout (72.3%). Whereas in the same age group, but with a high level of stress, the majority of employees revealed a high degree of burnout (78.4.9%).
THE STRUCTURE OF PRIORITY FORMS OF SOMATIC PATHOLOGY AND DISEASES OF VISUAL ORGAN IN EMPLOYEES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Skavronskaya M.V. , Fedina I.N. ,   FSBI «The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia»,   FSBEI HE «A.I. Еvdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2023

Due to the multifactorial impact of the working and environmental environment and the labor process on the body of drivers, the identification of priority pathology in order to preserve high visual functions is an important task to preserve human resources and ensure transport safety. The study of the structure of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, as well as priority forms of somatic pathology, was carried out through a retrospective analysis of 4,240 outpatient records of professional drivers of vehicles of all categories who underwent periodic medical examination (PME) at the clinic of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health in 2020‑2022. Among the surveyed drivers, 32.1% suffer from obesity, arterial hypertension and essential hypertension established were diagnosed in 1.3 and 16.6% of drivers, respectively; diabetes mellitus — in 2.7%; сardiac ischemia — in 0.9%. The structure of the pathology of the organ of vision of employees of a transport enterprise was determined based on the results of periodic medical examinations in 2021‑2022: 76.8% of drivers of vehicles of various categories have a pathology of the organ of vision; the leading group of ophthalmic pathologies are refractive errors, among which hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism prevail (28.9% of the number of drivers); there was a trend for a significant increase in cases of hyperopic refraction after 40 years; the proportion of workers with a refractive error or a combination of them in the group of drivers is higher than in the general structure of all cases of completed medical examination.
ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK ABILITY OF NURSES ACCORDING TO WAI QUESTIONNAIRES
Authors:   NPJSC «Buketov Karaganda University», Smagulov N.K. , Ageyev D.V.
Published: September 2023

The work of nurses requires endurance, causes a high psycho-emotional load, and the professional activity itself involves a high percentage of factors that cause stress. Objective: to assess the work ability of nurses according to WAI questionnaires, depending on professional experience. Research methods: The objects of study were nurses. Physiological, sociological and statistical methods were used. Results: nurses had significant changes in the Work Ability Index (WAI) in the course of their work. The highest WAI was observed in the first probation group (up to 10 years) and corresponded to the level of «good working ability», in the third and fourth groups (21‑30 and more than 30 years) — the level of «satisfactory working ability». The assessment of work ability by WAI is confirmed by indicators characterizing personal anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate variability, reflecting the activity of various parts of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusion. The method of assessing performance using Work Ability Index questionnaires allows you to obtain an objective characteristic of performance.
HYGIENIC RATIONALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES IN WORKERS
Authors:   FSBEI HE «North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov» Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Sokolova L.A. , Ivanova O.I. , Baltrukova T.B.
Published: September 2023

An analysis of the assessment of occupational risks of developing diseases among the working population of the North-West region was carried out. Objective: To give a hygienic justification for assessing occupational risks for their application in the practical activities of organizations. Materials and methods: Hygienic assessment of working conditions and health indicators of the working population was carried out for the main occupational groups of workers, among which occupational diseases were recorded, by generally accepted methods. Results: Based on the results of the study, statistically significant (p<0.05) differences were established between working conditions, which are characterized by classes of working conditions and the degree of their harmfulness, and levels of occupational morbidity, as well as its structure, which determines occupational risks of developing diseases depending on levels affecting harmful and (or) dangerous factors of the production environment. Conclusion: The expediency of establishing the suspected and alleged occupational risks of developing diseases of categories 2 and 1B according to the state sanitary and epidemiological control (supervision), industrial laboratory control, a special assessment of working conditions and indicators of workers health, as well as proven professional risk category 1A based on the results of epidemiological studies and assessments.
ATTRIBUTIVE RISK OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL HEARING LOSS WITH COMBINED EXPOSURE TO NOISE AND VIBRATION
Authors:   FBSI «F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzor, Sukhova A.V. , Preobrazhenskaya E.A. , Bogatyreva I.A.
Published: September 2023

Mining workers are a risk group that is constantly exposed to a complex of unfavorable production factors, including noise and vibration. The aim of the study is to determine the attributive risk of developing professional sensorineural hearing loss (PNST) with combined exposure to noise and vibration. Two groups of workers exposed to noise of the same intensity (Class 3.2) were examined. 1 group (250 people) were workers of «noise» professions. Group 2 (250 people) consisted of workers exposed to the combined effects of noise and vibration. It was found that combined exposure to noise and vibration increases the risk of occupational hearing loss by 1.7 times (RR=1.7; EF=41.7%). The value of the attributive risk of PNST with combined exposure to noise intensity of 88‑93 dBA (Class 3.2) and the total vibration (class 3.1‑3.2) is 5.0%. The conducted studies have shown the need to develop individual programs for preserving hearing and carrying out differentiated preventive measures taking into account the degree of risk.
WORKING CAPACITY INDEX (WAI) USE TO PREDICT WORKING LONGEVITY IN ELDERLY GROUPS
Authors:   Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the FBSI «Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies» of Rospotrebnadzor, Trubetskov A.D. , Komleva N.E. , Starshov A.M.
Published: September 2023

The issue of labor longevity and, in particular, its forecasting is extremely important in the conditions of the aging of the world's population, migration of labor resources. This forecast may allow us to identify predictors of employee dismissal, for which the method of determining the index of working capacity (Work Ability Index) is used. The purpose of our study was to study the features of the use of OT in men and women of various professions of older age groups. A simultaneous cross-sectional study of 281 women (greenhouses, teachers) and 395 men of technical specialties was conducted. Results: The gender and age characteristics of employees associated with the decision to keep themselves in the profession after retirement were revealed. WAI in women is higher than in men, self-assessment of working capacity has high rates in working pensioners. Some features of the state of health and social factors that are associated with the desire to complete work have been identified. The general trend is the discrepancy between the index of working capacity and self-assessment of the level of working capacity, the importance of social factors (living conditions, family composition, the possibility of further employment, etc.) in the prospects of maintaining oneself in the specialty. Conclusion: Thus, the use of WAI has significant limitations in older age groups. In addition, the results largely depend on the experience of the researcher conducting the survey.
IMPORTANCE OF GENDER ISSUES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Fesenko M.A. , Golovaneva G.V.
Published: September 2023

In order to improve occupational safety and health issues taking into account gender issues (ensuring equal rights and opportunities), regulatory documents are being updated. The new list of industries, jobs and positions with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in which women's labor is limited, has been approved. Now women can work as drivers of different types of transport. New norms for female workers when lifting and moving weights manually allowed a single lifting of 15 kg of heavy loads. Due to the emergence of new occupational risks, dynamic monitoring is necessary to assess the impact of new types of work for women on their health including reproductive.
ChatGPT and OpenAI: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review
Authors:   Department of International Trade and Finance, Yalova University, Turkey, Önden Abdullah , Alnour Mohammed ,   Department of Economics, Institute of Social Sciences, Erciyes University, Turkey
Published: September 2023

The introduction of OpenAI ChatGPT has sparked a lively discussion among researchers in academia, investors in business sector, and governments in policymaking circles. Numerous concerns have been expressed by Commentators from various scientific domains. Therefore, this study is an attempt to review the existing research pertaining to OpenAI's ChatGPT using bibliometric analysis. The study reviewed 210 research collected from Web of Sciences covering all disciplines. The analysis was based on (i) co-occurrence (keywords), (ii) citations and (iii) co-authorship. We found, keywords such as “ChatGPT, artificial intelligence, OpenAI, AI, education, chatbots, natural language processing, medicine, and management” are the most frequently used in OpenAI ChatGPT. Moreover, we identified that areas including cryptocurrencies, healthcare, future nursing, information value, non-human authors, algorithmic bias, clinical otolaryngology, clinical decision-making, large language models, generative pre-trained transfer are not covered deeply investigated using OpenAI ChatGPT. Finally, we found around 155 authors from 109 institutions located in 28 countries led by United Sated and Germany are actively engaged in producing research using OpenAI ChatGPT.
The Impact of Firm Growth and Profitability on Debt Policy
Authors: KÖSE Eda
Published: September 2023

Debt policy is one of the decisions that a firm should consider. Managers should set a sound debt policy, taking the right risks and ratios into consideration to ensure the growth of the firm. There are factors that need to be taken into consideration when determining debt policy. These are the asset structure of the firm, firm size and profitability. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of firm growth, asset structure, and profitability on debt policy. Financial statement data of 312 firms traded on the BIST between 2012 and 2021 were used. Panel data analysis was conducted as the methodology in the study. According to the findings of the analysis, firm growth has a positive and statistically significant impact on debt policy. However, other independent variables have no statistically significant impact on the dependent variable.
Pandangan Dasar Ekonomi Islam
Authors: zahara anggita
Published: September 2023

Ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa kelangkaan bukanlah problem yang asasi dari ekonomi manusia. Problem produksi solusinya cukup diserahkan pada akal manusia. Problem yang sebenarnya adalah distribusi.
Using Enterprise Social Networks for Social Support in Virtual Teams
Authors: Henry Michael S. , Parry Douglas A. , le Roux Daniel B.
Published: September 2023

Distributed work practices are now commonplace, and many organizations have adopted virtual teams as a collaborative structure. To communicate and coordinate tasks, these teams increasingly rely on enterprise social networks (ESNs) like Slack and Microsoft Teams. Given the recent rapid spread of these practices, the process and nature of interpersonal relationship development among virtual teams emerges as an important research area. Studies have highlighted various work-related well-being outcomes associated with virtual work practices, with some arguing that ESNs may ameliorate many negative outcomes by enabling team members to provide each other with social support. To investigate this proposition, we conducted a qualitative interview-based study with 22 distributed workers in virtual teams to explore their experiences of ESN use for the communication of social support. The findings underscore the significance of ESNs as facilitators of social support among distributed workers and their willingness and ability to use ESNs for diverse forms of support. The features of ESNs simplify and optimize social support processes and foster work practices characterized by frequent and continuous support provision. To manage and guide these work practices, virtual teams continuously develop and negotiate usage norms that dictate their enactment of ESN affordances with the aim of enhancing social support and avoiding pitfalls like information overload.
Focus on novel approaches: Home-cage monitoring of laboratory mice
Authors: Bartelik Aleksandra , Čater Maša , Cevik Özge Selin , Franco Nuno Henrique , Voikar Vootele
Published: September 2023

Assessment of behavioural phenotype is crucial for the evaluation of various disease models, particularly in laboratory rodents. Traditionally, this includes performing a variety of conventional tests where animals are removed from their home-cages and placed in behavioural test apparatuses. This approach can be affected by micro-environmental stress (removal from cage, handling, moving to an unfamiliar setting, and the test itself) and other biases, by capturing animals’ responses in a short time-window and potentially missing subtle or circadian effects. Overall, serious concerns have been expressed regarding the validity and reliability of such measurements. To address some of these concerns, researchers are increasingly resorting to automated home-cage monitoring (HCM) technologies, which allow recording behavioural and physiological parameters of undisturbed animals continuously. In 2021, a pan-European network of researchers started the 4-year COST Action “Improving biomedical research by automated behaviour monitoring in the animal home-cage” (CA20135 TEATIME, https://www.cost-teatime.org/), where experts from different fields joined forces to critically assess the potential of available technologies, to develop guidelines and identify where further technological development is needed, including analysis of big data. The opportunities opened by home-cage monitoring for daily health and welfare monitoring of laboratory mice in a contactless, stress-free, and continuous fashion are also being duly explored. We provide a short overview of the progress made by the Action during the first year and a half (presentation available at https://osf.io/5dgz7).
Challenges and Opportunities for Psychological Research in the Majority World
Authors: Uskul Ayse K. , BERNARDO ALLAN B. I. , Gonzalez Roberto , Kende Anna , Laher Sumaya , Lášticová Barbara , Saab Rim , Salas Gonzalo , Singh Purnima , Zeinoun Pia , Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Norenzayan Ara , Chao Melody Manchi , Shoda Yuichi , Cooper M. Lynne
Published: September 2023

How can psychology transform itself into an inclusive science that engages with the rich cultural diversity of humanity? How can we strive towards a broader and deeper understanding of human behavior that is both generalizable across populations and attentive to its diversity? To address these major questions of our field, relying on scholars from different world regions, we start by highlighting the diversity present in six world regions that are under-represented in psychological science, and follow with an overview of psychological research and education in these regions. Next, we outline challenges and opportunities associated with conducting psychological research in these and other majority world regions, and finish by offering recommendations aimed at making psychological science both more broadly representative of the world’s population and attentive to its diversity. Our aim is to facilitate a broader, better-informed, and more empathic conversation among psychological scientists worldwide about ways to make our science more representative, culturally informed and inclusive.