bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to α‐Keto Acid Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation and Vinylation of Methyl α‐Methoxyacrylate.
Authors: CACCHI S. , CIATTINI P. G. , MORERA E. , ORTAR G.
Published: May 2016

Methyl α‐methoxyacrylate (I) reacts with the aromatic iodides (II) in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst to give the arylation products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Hydroxytriazenes.
Authors: PUROHIT D. N. , GOLWALKAR A. M.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of 2‐nitropropane (I) with zinc dust leads to the formation of N‐isopropylhydroxylamine (II) which is coupled with the aryldiazonium salts (III) to yield the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐isopropyl‐1‐aryltriazenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Medium and Large Rings. Part 21. Ring Enlargement of Diethyl (6)Paracyclophane‐8,9‐dicarboxylates to Form Hexanocyclooctatetraene Derivatives and (8)Paracyclophane by Twofold Addition of Dihalocarbenes.
Authors: KOENIGSTEIN V. + , TOCHTERMANN W. , PETERS E.‐M. , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G.
Published: May 2016

The paracyclophanedicarboxylate (I) inserts dihalocarbenes, prepared in situ from the trihalomethanes (II), to give the cyclooctatetraenes (III) and the trishalocyclophenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitro‐Substituted Decalones by Double Michael Reaction, Sequential Michael Reaction, and by Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: RICHTER F. , OTTO H.‐H.
Published: May 2016

4‐Nitro‐3‐phenyldecalones are synthesized by three different ways as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Overriding Normal Friedel‐Crafts Regiochemistry in Cycliacylation. Regiospecific Carbodesilylation and Parham Cyclization Routes to 7‐Methoxy‐1‐indanols.
Authors: SIBI M. P. , SHANKARAN K. , ALO B. I. , HAHN W. R. , SNIECKUS V.
Published: May 2016

The regiospecific synthesis of the indanols (VIII) and indanones (X) is described as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of 2‐Substituted Geranylacetic Acid Esters.
Authors: YANOVSKAYA L. A. , CHERKASOVA R. KH. , BOGDANOV V. S. , KADENTSEV V. I.
Published: May 2016

In a boiling mixture of acetic and hydrochloric acid, the geranylacetic acid esters (I) cyclize to give exclusively the spirolactones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Methylimidazolium Chlorochromate. A New Efficient Oxidizing Agent for Oxidation of Alcohols and Oxidative Cleavage of Oximes.
Authors: KIM S. , CHANG H.
Published: May 2016

The novel title reagent (II) is prepared from N‐methylimidazole (I), CrO3 and 6 N HCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Promoted Condensation of Carbonyl Compounds with Alkoxyallylsilanes. Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: WEI Z. Y. , LI J. S. , WANG D. , CHAN T. H.
Published: May 2016

The allylalkoxysilanes (V), prepared as shown in the reaction scheme, react with the aldehydes (VIa) ‐ (VIe) to produce the 4‐chloro‐2,6‐dialkyltetrahydropyrans (VIIa) ‐ (VIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Influencing the Pathway of Reactions of 1‐Hydrazinophthalazine with Di‐ and Tricarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: AMER A. , WEISZ K. , ZIMMER H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of 1‐hydrazinophthalazine (II) with the benzoylpyruvates (III) under neutral reaction conditions gives the as‐triazinophthalazinones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Surface Properties of N‐Long Chain Alkyl Dihydroxy Monoaza Crown Ethers.
Authors: IKEDA I. , OZAWA Y. , NAKATSUJI NAKATSUJI , OKAHARA M.
Published: May 2016

The long‐chain alkylamines (I) react with the oligo(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ethers (II) to form the N‐alkyl monoaza crown ethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Decompositions of Polysilylated Diazomethanes. Silene Formations by Selective Silyl Migration.
Authors: SEKIGUCHI A. , ANDO W.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of (I) results in the migration of a TMS group to the created carbene center to give the silenes (III), which are trapped by alcohols or carbonyls such as (II) or (V) to yield the adducts (IV) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Chloromethylaluminum ‐ 2‐(2‐Propenyl) Anilide. A Convenient Reagent for the Conversion of Lactones into Protected Hydroxy Acids.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , DHANAK D.
Published: May 2016

2‐Allylaniline (I) reacts with γ‐butyrolactone (II) in the presence of dimethylaluminum chloride to give the amide (IV) after protection of the hydroxy group.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Tetrafluorodisilacyclobutene with 1,3‐Butadienes Mediated by Metal Carbonyls. Part 2. Direct Cycloaddition vs. Isomerization.
Authors: LIN C.‐H. , LEE C.‐Y. , LIU C.‐S.
Published: May 2016

The cycloaddition between the complexes (I) or (VI) with the diene (II) proceeds via the intermediates (III) to give either the disilacyclohexenes (IV) or their isomerization products, the disilacyclohexadienes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Polychloronitrosoethanes with Phosphorus Acid Derivatives.
Authors: MARTYNOV I. V. , IVANOV A. N. , EPISHINA T. A. , SOKOLOV V. B.
Published: May 2016

The α,α‐dichloronitrosoethanes (II) react with the (chloro)phosphites (I) or (IV) to give the phosphorylated hydroxamic acid chlorides (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Phosphoryl Sulfoxides. Part 5. Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of O,O‐Diphenylphosphorylmethyl Phenyl Sulfoxide.
Authors: MIKOLAJCZYK M. , MIDURA W. , WIECZOREK M. W. , BUJACZ G.
Published: May 2016

In order to determine its configuration in the solid state, the phosphorylmethyl sulfoxide (VI) mentioned in the title is prepared: triphenyl phosphite (I) is subjected to transesterification with sodium methoxide (II), yielding methyl diphenyl phosphite (III) which reacts with the chloromethyl sulfide (IV) to produce the phosphorylmethyl sulfide (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Substituted Diphosphenes. Part 10. Reaction of the Diphosphenyl Complex (η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2FeP=PAr (Ar: 2,4,6,‐t‐Bu3C6H2) with Sulfur and Selenium. Preparation and X‐Ray Structure Analysis of the First Phosphinidene(thioxo)phosphoranyl Complex (η5‐C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(=S)=PAr.
Authors: WEBER L. , MEINE G. , NIEDERPRUEM N. + , BOESE R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) with sulfur or selenium (II) affords the novel complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 8. The Action of 1,3,2,4Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4‐Disulfides on Benzilmonoanils. Novel Synthesis of 4,5‐Diphenyl‐δ4‐1,3,2‐thiazaphospholine 2‐Sulfide Derivatives.
Authors: SHABANA R. , MAHRAN M. R. , HAFEZ T. S.
Published: May 2016

Lawesson's reagent (Ia) and the benzilmonoanils (II) produce the thiazaphospholines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reductive Elimination of Triarylbis(phenylethynyl)antimony(V).
Authors: AKIBA K. , OKINAKA T. , NAKATANI M. , YAMAMOTO Y.
Published: May 2016

Thermolysis of the bis(phenylethynyl)triarylantimony derivatives (III), prepared from the triarylantimony dibromides (I) and lithium phenylacetylide (II), yields 1,4‐diphenylbutadiyne (IV) and the arylphenylacetylenes (V), together with the antimony compounds (VI) ‐ (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: On Heterocycles Containing Antimony. Part 7. 2‐Phenyl‐1,3‐dithia‐2‐stibolane ∞ 1 Helical‐Connected Five‐Ring Units.
Authors: HOFFMANN H. M. , DRAEGER M. +
Published: May 2016

Phenylantimony dichloride (I) reacts with ethane‐1,2‐dithiol (II) in the presence of triethylamine to yield the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium, Carbon Monoxide, and Water as a New Reduction System: Reductive Cleavage of Disulfides and Diselenides to Thiols and Selenols.
Authors: OGAWA A. , NISHIYAMA Y. , KAMBE N. , MURAI S. , SONODA N.
Published: May 2016

The disulfides (I) are reduced with selenium, carbon monoxide and water, yielding the mercaptans (II) which are coupled with methyl vinyl ketone (III) to form the sulfenylethyl methyl ketones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Adducts from Mercury(I) and Mercury(II) Compounds with Bispyrazolylalkanes. X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane(dicyano)mercury(II).
Authors: CINGOLANI A. , LORENZOTTI A. , GIOIA LOBBIA G. , LEONESI D. , BONATI F. , BOVIO B.
Published: May 2016

The adducts (I) and (II) are obtained by treating Hg(II) salts and Hg(I) perchlorate with corresponding bispyrazolylalkanes in ethanol or ether.
ChemInform Abstract: Competitive Pathways Associated with CO Insertion into a 1‐Sila‐3‐zirconacyclobutane Ring. Observation of Intramolecular 1,2‐Silyl Shift and Reductive CO Coupling Reactions.
Authors: PETERSEN J. L. , EGAN J. W. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Twofold insertion of CO (II) into the silazirconacyclobutane (III) at room temperature and subsequent 1,2‐silyl shift yields the cyclic dienolate (I), whose X‐ray structure is reported (space group P21/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrakis(dimethylamido) Complexes of Oxotungsten(VI) and (Phenylimido)tungsten(VI).
Authors: BERG D. M. , SHARP P. R.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (IV) are prepared in a two‐step reaction as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Thiolate Ligands in Cyclopentadienyltungsten Carbonyl Complexes.
Authors: WEINMANN D. J. , ABRAHAMSON H. B.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (II) and a variety of the thiolate‐W compounds such as (I) is a superior synthetic method for preparation of sulfinato‐W derivatives (III) which are formed in excellent yields within generally less than 3 h. In addition, the reaction of (II) and the triphenylphosphine analogue (IV) is an efficient method for synthesis of the triphenylphosphine‐substituted sulfinato compound (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxouranium(VI) Complexes with Pentadentate Bases Containing Acetal Groups.
Authors: SITRAN S. , FREGONA D. , CASELLATO U. , VIGATO P. A. , GRAZIANI R. , FARAGLIA G.
Published: May 2016

The pentadentate ligands (III) prepared according to the scheme react with uranyl acetate (IV) to give the uranyl complexes (V) with a distorted bipyramidal coordination geometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Interaction and Spin Transition in Iron(II) Dinuclear Compounds. Crystal Structure of (μ‐2,2′‐Bipyrimidine)bis((2,2′‐bipyrimidine)bis(thiocyanato)iron(II)).
Authors: REAL A. , ZAREMBOWITCH J. , KAHN O. , SOLANS X.
Published: May 2016

The three dinuclear Fe(II) complexes (III) with 2,2'‐bipyrimidine as a bridging ligand are prepared as shown (no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Coupling in Admixed Intermediate‐Spin Iron(III) Porphyrin Dimers: Crystal Structure, Moessbauer, and Susceptibility Study of Fe(TPP)(B11CH12)·C7H8.
Authors: GUPTA G. P. , LANG G. , LEE Y. J. , SCHEIDT W. R. , SHELLY K. , REED C. A.
Published: May 2016

The title complex, prepared by reaction of bromo‐tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III) with AgB11CH12 in dry toluene under reflux (yield 77%), crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z=2 and shows face‐to‐face pairing of the molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes with P=S Ligands; Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior.
Authors: MORAN M. , CUADRADO I. , PASCUAL C. , MASAGUER J. R. , LOSADA J.
Published: May 2016

The cationic title complexes (III) and (IV) are prepared in good yields by reaction of the cationic THF analogue (I) with an excess of appropriate neutral P=S ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Encapsulated Cobalt(III) Hydroxylamine Complexes.
Authors: BULL D. J. , CREASER I. I. , SARGESON A. M. , SKELTON B. W. , WHITE A. H.
Published: May 2016

On treatment of the cage complexes (I) with H2O2 in basic solution, up to three coordinated N sites are oxidized to hydroxylamine groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Complexation, and X‐Ray Structure of a New Type of Binucleating Macrocycle Incorporating Both Soft and Hard Ligating Sites.
Authors: VAN STAVEREN C. J. , REINHOUDT D. N. , VAN EERDEN J. , HARKEMA S.
Published: May 2016

The dihydroxybenzaldehyde (I) is transformed into the podand (VI) by usual methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Complexes of 14‐ and 16‐Membered Chelating Macrocycles with Trans‐Disposed Pairs of Imine‐N and Thioether‐S Donors: Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Cu(C18H18N2S2))CF3SO3 and (Cu(C20H22N2S2))CF3SO3.
Authors: MARTIN J. W. L. , ORGAN G. J. , WAINWRIGHT K. P. , WEERASURIA K. D. V. , WILLIS A. C. , WILD S. B.
Published: May 2016

Barium manganate oxidation of (I) affords the diimines (III) which undergo TFA accelerated equilibration with the monoimines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Reversible Metal Framework Rearrangement in High‐Nuclearity Osmium‐Platinum Cluster Compounds. X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (Os6Pt(CO)17(μ3‐NCMe)(C8H12)), (Os6Pt(CO)17(μ4‐NCMe)(C8H12)) (C8H12: Cycloocta‐1,5‐diene), and (Os6(CO)19(μ3‐NCMe)): Compounds with Novel Metal‐Acetonitrile Bonding Modes.
Authors: COUTURE C. , FARRAR D. H.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the two complexes (I) and (II) giving (IIIa) occurs without displacement of the acetonitrile ligand by the incoming Pt(cod) fragment.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(II) Dimethyl and Diphenyl Complexes with Some Bidiazines and 3,6‐Bis(2′‐pyridyl)pyridazine.
Authors: GHEDINI M. , LONGERI M. , NEVE F.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (I)‐(III) are prepared by 1:1 molar reaction of (DMSO)2PtMe2 or (COD)PtPh2 (COD: cycloocta‐1,5‐diene) with the ligands in benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Tetrahydroisopimaric Acids: X‐Ray Structure of Methyl 8α‐Isopimaran‐18‐oate.
Authors: ZINKEL D. F. , PETTERSEN R. C. , HAROMY T. , SUNDARALINGAM M.
Published: May 2016

High pressure hydrogenation of methyl isopimarate (I) yields a 1:1‐mixture (no yield given) of the already known ester (IIa) and the hitherto unreported (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of D‐Homo‐8‐azagonanes Containing an Enaminodicarbonyl Group with Copper Bromide.
Authors: PSHENICHNYI V. N. , GULYAKEVICH O. V. , BORISOV E. V. , KHRIPACH V. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the title compounds (Ia)‐(Ic) and CuBr2 may yield products of bromination, dehydrogenation or aromatization depending on the molar ratio substrate/CuBr2.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Analogues. Synthesis of 10‐Membered Macrocyclic Diesters of (.+‐.)‐Synthanecine A. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of (.+‐.)‐6,7‐O,O‐(Succinyl)synthanecine A
Authors: BARBOUR R. H. , FREER A. A. , ROBINS D. J.
Published: May 2016

(III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Some Pyridazine Nucleosides.
Authors: YOON Y.‐J. , WISE D. S. , TOWNSEND L. B.
Published: May 2016

A novel method for the preparation of the title compounds (III) and (V) is described, employing iodine as the catalyst of these Friedel‐Crafts type reactions instead of the silyl derivatives used hitherto.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasma Deposition and Characterization of Thin Silicon‐Rich Silicon Nitride Films.
Authors: NGUYEN S. V. , FRIDMANN S.
Published: May 2016

Si3N4 thin films containing excess Si (up to 72 at.%) have been prepared by plasma‐enhanced CVD at 350 °C by the glow discharge reaction of gaseous silane in NH3 in a low pressure CVD tube‐type reactor operated at 450 kHz.
The Influence Analysis that a Phase Characteristic of the High‐Level Earthquake Gives to Vibration Response Characteristic of the 550‐kV Disconnectors
Authors: NAGATA KIYOSHI , OHYAMA TOMOYUKI , SATO HIROAKI , ITO TOMOAKI , ETO ATSUSHI , KOBAYASHI TAKAYUKI
Published: May 2016

We developed the 550‐kV disconnectors that strengthened earthquake proofing by the addition of the damper unit and weight reduction of conductive part based on the damage of the 550‐kV disconnectors by the Great East Japan earthquake (March 11, 2011) and inspected the earthquake proofing performance by shake table test. In shake table test, we performed the test by the artificial seismic wave that varied in phase characteristic in addition to the test by resonance method. And, in a high‐level earthquake area, we analyzed it about the influence that a phase characteristic of the artificial seismic wave gave to stress to occur in disconnectors. As a result, it is thought that the stress to occur in disconnectors is decided by a primary natural frequency basically because a bending strain to occur to the disconnectors in the time when the resonance frequency ingredient becomes the big acceleration response value grows big. But, on a particular phase condition, it was confirmed that the bending strain to occur in disconnectors might grow big conspicuously. As for this, the possibility is thought about by influence of higher natural frequency doing superposition.
Supervisor's E‐mail Leads to 10 Separate Unfair Labor Practices!
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: May 2016

One day, Jorge Mendez, a supervisor in a Quicken Loans office in Arizona, used the men's room in the office's reception area, which was open to both employees and visitors including clients. He overheard a conversation between two mortgage bankers. One asked the other, “How're things going?”
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Survivors of High‐Risk Neuroblastoma After Stem Cell Transplant: A National Population‐Based Perspective
Authors: Portwine Carol , Rae Charlene , Davis Jeff , Teira Pierre , Schechter Tal , Lewis Victor , Mitchell David , Wall Donna A. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Barr Ronald D.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This study aimed to estimate the burden of morbidity, in terms of health‐related quality of life (HRQL), in survivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma (NBL) after myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).

Patients and methods

A national population‐based survey was undertaken of survivors of high‐risk NBL (N = 99), diagnosed between 1991 and 2010 and treated with HSCT. Parents completed a proxy questionnaire incorporating two HRQL measures, Health Utilities Index (HUI) 2 and 3. Children >12 years of age provided self‐assessments. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Independent t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance were used to assess differences. Comparative data were obtained from previously published work and Statistics Canada's 1998 National Population Health Survey.

Results

On a scale of 0 (being dead) to 1.0 (perfect health), mean HRQL utility scores were 0.89 (SD = 0.11) in HUI2 and 0.84 (SD = 0.18) in HUI3. Parents reported morbidity in sensation (52.5%), pain (30.3%), cognition (28.0%), and emotion (24.2%) in HUI2 and in hearing (38.4%), pain (30.3%), cognition (27.3%), and speech (23.2%) in HUI3. HRQL was not significantly different compared to NBL survivors treated without HSCT, but was less than in nontransplanted survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Wilms tumor, and children in the general population, yet higher than in survivors of brain tumors.

Conclusions

HRQL is compromised in high‐risk NBL survivors treated with and without HSCT. A differential effect on hearing reflects additional exposure to platinum‐based chemotherapy. These results should inform long‐term care and the development of new therapeutic interventions.
Logical Ethics: Early Wittgenstein and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

In 1980, at the request of S.E. Gontarski, Samuel Beckett wrote Ohio Impromptu, a short piece of theatre featuring two doppelgängers seated opposite one another. In a clear-cut instance of nominative determinism, the figures are called Reader and Listener. However, superficially, the most striking aspect of this piece in relation to Pynchon’s work is its potential for metatextual readings. Reader tells of a figure who has fled from the place where he used to live with his lover in an attempt to escape from his grief. At this new location a spectral figure appears who tells a ‘sad tale’ that comforts the figure. It is unclear whether Reader and Listener are the two figures in the frame narrative, but it is probable, thereby introducing strange loops at the extreme edge of limit-modernism. However, opening a metafictional floodgate in relation to Pynchon’s fiction is not where this work begins. Instead, it is notable that Beckett’s Reader repeats the line ‘little is left to tell’ throughout the piece as the figures, or the characters in the tale, silently merge: ‘[w]ith never a word exchanged they grew to be as one’.1
Ohio Impromptu is, as with much of Beckett’s work, a piece concerned with silence. While the text gives a Pinteresque ‘Pause’, the stage directions also explicitly frame ‘Silence. Five seconds’ amid the final modulation of the sad tale wherein, at last, ‘[n]othing is left to tell’.2
Whose Line is it Anyway?: Late Foucault and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

Continuing on from the preceding chapter, it is fair to say that Foucault’s trajectory of thought on the Enlightenment is one that oscillates, best demonstrated at this juncture by a problematic 1978 interview first published in 1980 (DÉ281). Perhaps as a consequence of the flux in his thought at this point, Foucault essentially reverts here to a straightforward repetition of the Weberian-inflected, early Frankfurt School mantra: ‘[c]ouldn’t it be concluded that the Enlightenment’s promise of attaining freedom through the exercise of reason has been turned upside down, resulting in domination by reason itself, which increasingly usurps the place of freedom?’1 Clearly, this view has a strong resonance with Foucault’s earliest, unproblematised stance on the Enlightenment, but it is now entwined within a fluctuating field of geographically and temporally specific complications.
Art, Society and Ethics: Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment, Aesthetic Theory and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

‘Myth is already enlightenment, and enlightenment reverts to mythology’ proclaims the introduction to Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment (xvii). This chiastic statement lies at the core of this work’s account of a fundamental incompatibility between enlightenment’s goals of ‘liberating human beings from fear’ (the freedom that Adorno and Horkheimer believe is inseparable from enlightenment thinking) and the simultaneous state of ‘the wholly enlightened earth’ as ‘radiant with triumphant calamity’ (DoE, 1). The key to grasping this interrelation of enlightenment and myth lies in the depiction of nature, to which one subsection will here be dedicated. Nature, for the longest period, was deemed to hold a degree of enchantment; it was intrinsically meaningful. The abstracted tales that correlate to such a foundationalist stance are myths. Conversely, at the dawn of the Age of Reason there began a progressive disenchantment of nature: ‘[f]rom now on, matter was to be controlled without the illusion of immanent powers or hidden properties’ (DoE, 3). The world and all aspects therein were available to be used and understood; there was no longer any intrinsic meaning: ‘[o]n their way toward modern science human beings have discarded meaning’ (3). This disenchantment of nature is termed enlightenment.
The Injustice of Child Poverty
Authors: Schweiger Gottfried , Graf Gunter
Published: May 2016

In the previous chapter, we sketched a theory of social justice for children based within the capability approach. We argued that, as a matter of social justice, each and every child is entitled to reach a minimum threshold of certain important functionings and capabilities, which are essential to her well-being and well-becoming. Furthermore, we have suggested that in the case of children, a focus on achieved functionings is often more adequate from a social justice perspective than a focus on capabilities. However, this assumption has to be understood in relation to the age and competence of the child, respecting her agency from an early age on. As children move through childhood, as they mature and develop, choice and autonomy become more and more important, and social justice reflects this by shifting its focus from achieved functionings to capabilities.
Enhancement of continuous-flow separation of viable/nonviable yeast cells using a nonuniform alternating current electric field with complex spatial distribution
Authors: Tada Shigeru , Nakanishi Arisa , Eguchi Masanori , Ochi Kengo , Baba Megumi , Tsukamoto Akira
Published: May 2016

The variability in cell response to AC electric fields is selective enough to separate not only the cell types but also the activation states of similar cells. In this work, we use dielectrophoresis (DEP), which exploits the differences in the dielectric properties of cells, to separate nonviable and viable cells. A parallel-plate DEP device consisting of a bottom face with an array of micro-fabricated interdigitated electrodes and a top face with a plane electrode was proposed to facilitate the separation of cells by creating a nonuniform electric field throughout the flow channel. The operation and performance of the device were evaluated using live and dead yeast cells as model biological particles. Further, numerical simulations were conducted for the cell suspensions flowing in a channel with a nonuniform AC electric field, modeled on the basis of the equation of motion of particles, to characterize the separation efficiency by changing the frequency of applied AC voltage. Results demonstrated that dead cells traveling through the channel were focused onto a site around the minimum electric field gradient in the middle of the flow stream, while live cells were trapped on the bottom face. Cells were thus successfully separated under the appropriately tuned frequency of 1 MHz. Predictions showed good agreement with the observation. The proposed DEP device provides a new approach to, for instance, hematological analysis or the separation of different cancer cells for application in circulating tumor cell identification.
Morbidity and mortality of adult patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I
Authors: Shalev Hanna , Al‐Athamen Kaid , Levi Itai , Levitas Aviva , Tamary Hannah
Published: May 2016

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I (CDAI) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by macrocytic anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and secondary hemochromatosis. To better define the natural history of the disease among adult patients, we studied 32 Bedouin patients (median age 34 yr; range 21–60) all carrying the same CDAN1 founder mutation. Follow‐up studies included complete blood count, blood chemistry, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and T2*MRI. Main complications were due to anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis [osteoporosis (8/9, 89%), cholelithiasis (21/30, 70%), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (6/25, 24%)] and iron overload [hypothyroidism (9/24, 38%), and diabetes mellitus (6/32, 19%)]. T2* MRI revealed increased liver iron but no cardiac iron (13/13). Anemia improved in the majority of patients who underwent splenectomy (5/6). Three patients died (9%) at the age of 46–56 due to PAH (1) and sepsis (2). All previously underwent splenectomy. Analyzing both our patients and the 21 patients previously described by Heimpel et al. (Blood 107:334, 2006), we conclude that adults with CDA I suffer significant morbidity and mortality. Careful monitoring of iron overload and prompt iron chelation therapy is mandatory. Due to possible complications and inconsistent response to splenectomy α‐interferon, transfusion therapy or stem cell transplantation should be considered as alternatives to this procedure in severely affected patients.
The creative use of English in Japanese punning
Authors: SCHERLING JOHANNES
Published: May 2016

Japanese and English share a relatively short but intense history during which the number of English‐based loanwords in Japanese has risen to at least 10 per cent of the entire lexicon. This paper explores the creative uses of English (loan)words in Japanese punning, where homophonic, homonymic and paronymic relations between English words and Japanese phrases play a crucial role in creating amusing ambiguities that arise only due to the peculiar and extensive processes of loanword assimilation into Japanese which render them phonologically undistinguishable from ‘original’ Japanese words. English is thus naturalized in the Japanese language to such an extent that it can be widely and creatively applied to generate humor.
Speakers' awareness and the use of do be vs. be after in Hiberno‐English
Authors: Shimada Tamami
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the interface of social and linguistic factors in contact‐induced language change with data from Hiberno‐English (HE). The evidence from my survey suggests that morphosyntactic forms in HE are unevenly marked in speakers’ subjective judgments of use, non‐use, Irishness and ‘bad grammar’. This study particularly examines the cause of the contrasting judgements between the do be and be after forms. The examination leads to the suggestion of the constraint of morphosyntactic conformity and provides further theoretical perspectives on the role of speakers.
Source strength verification and quality assurance of preloaded brachytherapy needles using a CMOS flat panel detector
Authors: Golshan Maryam , Spadinger Ingrid , Chng Nick
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

Current methods of low dose rate brachytherapy source strength verification for sources preloaded into needles consist of either assaying a small number of seeds from a separate sample belonging to the same lot used to load the needles or performing batch assays of a subset of the preloaded seed trains. Both of these methods are cumbersome and have the limitations inherent to sampling. The purpose of this work was to investigate an alternative approach that uses an image‐based, autoradiographic system capable of the rapid and complete assay of all sources without compromising sterility.

Methods:

The system consists of a flat panel image detector, an autoclavable needle holder, and software to analyze the detected signals. The needle holder was designed to maintain a fixed vertical spacing between the needles and the image detector, and to collimate the emissions from each seed. It also provides a sterile barrier between the needles and the imager. The image detector has a sufficiently large image capture area to allow several needles to be analyzed simultaneously.Several tests were performed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of source strengths obtained using this system. Three different seed models (Oncura 6711 and 9011 125I seeds, and IsoAid Advantage 103Pd seeds) were used in the evaluations. Seeds were loaded into trains with at least 1 cm spacing.

Results:

Using our system, it was possible to obtain linear calibration curves with coverage factor k = 1 prediction intervals of less than ±2% near the centre of their range for the three source models. The uncertainty budget calculated from a combination of type A and type B estimates of potential sources of error was somewhat larger, yielding (k = 1) combined uncertainties for individual seed readings of 6.2% for 125I 6711 seeds, 4.7% for 125I 9011 seeds, and 11.0% for Advantage 103Pd seeds.

Conclusions:

This study showed that a flat panel detector dosimetry system is a viable option for source strength verification in preloaded needles, as it is capable of measuring all of the sources intended for implantation. Such a system has the potential to directly and efficiently estimate individual source strengths, the overall mean source strength, and the positions within the seed‐spacer train.
A comparative study on the contour tracking algorithms in ultrasound tongue images with automatic re-initialization
Authors: Xu Kele , Gábor Csapó Tamás , Roussel Pierre , Denby Bruce
Published: May 2016

The feasibility of an automatic re-initialization of contour tracking is explored by using an image similarity-based method in the ultrasound tongue sequences. To this end, the re-initialization method was incorporated into current state-of-art tongue tracking algorithms, and a quantitative comparison was made between different algorithms by computing the mean sum of distances errors. The results demonstrate that with automatic re-initialization, the tracking error can be reduced from an average of 5–6 to about 4 pixels, a result obtained by using a large number of hand-labeled frames and similarity measurements to extract the contours, which results in improved performance.
Probabilistic QoS Aggregations for Service Composition
Authors: Zheng Huiyuan , Yang Jian , Zhao Weiliang
Published: May 2016

In this article, we propose a comprehensive approach for Quality of Service (QoS) calculation in service composition. Differing from the existing work on QoS aggregations that represent QoS as single values, discrete values with frequencies, or standard statistical distributions, the proposed approach has the capability to handle any type of QoS probability distribution. A set of formulae and algorithms are developed to calculate the QoS of a composite service according to four identified basic patterns as sequential, parallel, conditional, and loop. We demonstrate that the proposed QoS calculation method is much more efficient than existing simulation methods. It has a high scalability and builds a solid foundation for real-time QoS analysis and prediction in service composition. Experiment results are provided to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Perspectives
Authors: Bernstein Gilbert Louis , Kjolstad Fredrik
Published: May 2016

Writing highly performant simulations requires a lot of human effort to optimize for an increasingly diverse set of hardware platforms, such as multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and distributed machines. Since these optimizations cut across both the design of geometric data structures and numerical linear algebra, code reusability and portability is frequently sacrificed for performance.

We believe the key to make simulation programmers more productive at developing portable and performant code is to introduce new linguistic abstractions, as in rendering and image processing. In this perspective, we distill the core ideas from our two languages, Ebb and Simit, that are published in this journal.
A Novel System for Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Freschi Letizia , Pluchino Nicola , Angioni Stefano , Simi Giovanna , Ruggiero Maria , Cela Vito
Published: May 2016

Aims: To present preliminary data of single-access laparoscopic surgery with a new device for the treatment of benign adnexal pathologies. Methods: Ten women with benign adnexal pathologies underwent salpingectomy (n = 4) and ovarian/para-ovarian cyst enucleation (n = 6) using a laparo-endoscopic single-port approach with an innovative advanced multiport reusable trocar inserted transumbilically through a small wound retractor. Trocar introduction time, operative time, estimated blood loss, conversion to standard laparoscopy, peri- and postoperative complications, hospital stay and Visual Analog Scale score (as assessment of pain and cosmesis) were analyzed. Results: Port placement was successful in all patients. Mean trocar introduction time was 4.4 min (range 3.4-5.3 min) and no intra or postoperative complication occurred. The mean operating time was 50.0 ± 9.2 min and mean blood loss was 28.5 ± 8.8 ml. The mean hospital stay following surgery was 1.6 ± 0.5 days and convalescence was complete in 1 week. Neither scores for postoperative incisional pain nor cosmesis side effects have been observed in any subjects. Conclusion: We concluded that adnexal single-port surgery performed with this innovative advanced surgical instrumentation is a feasible, safe, and effective technique that drastically reduces postoperative pain and does not compromise cosmetic appearance. The isolation of the operative field by means of the drape prevents the contamination of the port site that occurs frequently, and mainly in adnexal pathologies of uncertain etiology. In addition, the ease of insertion and the conformation of the new port access also make the procedure feasible in obese patients.
Human Senataxin Modulates Structural Plasticity of the Neuromuscular Junction in Drosophila through a Neuronally Conserved TGFβ Signalling Pathway
Authors: Mushtaq Zeeshan , Choudhury Saumitra Dey , Gangwar Sri Krishna , Orso Genny , Kumar Vimlesh
Published: May 2016

Background: Mutations in the human Senataxin (hSETX) gene have been shown to cause two forms of neurodegenerative disorders - a dominant form called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 (ALS4) and a recessive form called ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2). SETX is a putative DNA/RNA helicase involved in RNA metabolism. Although several dominant mutations linked with ALS4 have been identified in SETX, their contribution towards ALS4 pathophysiology is still elusive. Method: In order to model ALS4 in Drosophila and to elucidate the morphological, physiological and signalling consequences, we overexpressed the wild-type and pathological forms of hSETX in Drosophila. Results and Conclusions: The pan-neuronal expression of wild-type or mutant forms of hSETX induced morphological plasticity at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses. Surprisingly, we found that while the NMJ synapses were increased in number, the neuronal function was normal. Analysis of signalling pathways revealed that hSETX modulates the Highwire (Hiw; a conserved neuronal E3 ubiquitin ligase)-dependent bone morphogenetic protein/TGFβ pathway. Thus, our study could pave the way for a better understanding of ALS4 progression by SETX through the regulation of neuronal E3 ubiquitin pathways.
Estrogen Receptor α and β in Mouse: Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Brown Adipogenesis In Vitro
Authors: Zhang Wentian , Schmull Sebastian , Du Mingjun , Liu Jianfang , Lu Zhexin , Zhu Hongsheng , Xue Song , Lian Feng
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) belong to mesenchymal stem cells and may play a potential role as seeding cells in stem cell transplantation. To be able to exploit stem cells as therapeutic tool, their defects in some important cellular functions, such as low survival rate and cellular activity, should be considered. This is especially the case for stem cells that are intended for transplantation. Of note, stem cell responses to hormones should be considered since estrogen is known to play a critical role in stem cell behavior. However, different impacts of the estrogen receptor (ER) types α and β have not been fully determined in ASC function. In this study, we investigated effects of ERα and ERβ on ASC proliferation, migration, as well as in adipogenesis. Methods: ASCs obtained from mice were cultured with 100nM ERα or ERβ agonist PPT and DPN, respectively. The ERα and ERβ antagonist ICI 182,780 (100nM) was used as control. Results: Compared to ERβ, ERα appears more potent in improving ASC proliferation and migration. Investigation of adipogenesis revealed that ERβ played a significant role in suppressing ASC-mediated brown tissue adipogenesis which is in contrast to ERα. These results correlated with reduced mRNA expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. Conclusions: ERα plays a more critical role in promoting ASC proliferation and migration while ERβ is more potent in suppressing ASC brown adipose tissue differentiation mediated by decreased UCP-1, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ expression.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Demonstrating Low Brain Stiffness in a Patient with Low-Pressure Hydrocephalus: Case Report
Authors: Olivero William C. , Wszalek Tracey , Wang Huan , Farahvar Arash , Rieth Sandra M. , Johnson Curtis L.
Published: May 2016

The authors describe the case of a 19-year-old female with shunted aqueductal stenosis who presented with low-pressure hydrocephalus that responded to negative pressure drainage. A magnetic resonance elastography scan performed 3 weeks later demonstrated very low brain tissue stiffness (high brain tissue compliance). An analysis of the importance of this finding in understanding this rare condition is discussed.
Signaling Crosstalk between Tubular Epithelial Cells and Interstitial Fibroblasts after Kidney Injury
Authors: Tan Roderick J. , Zhou Dong , Liu Youhua
Published: May 2016

Background: A wide variety of kidney diseases ultimately lead to tubulointerstitial damage. The initial site of injury is usually the renal tubules, with activation of fibroblasts occurring later. Self-limited disease is characterized by transient cellular activation with timed deactivation and ultimately a return to normal functioning, whereas sustained responses characterize chronic disease and the development of irreversible fibrosis. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of this cascade of events remain an area of active research. Current data overwhelmingly support a role for crosstalk between the tubular epithelium and the interstitial fibroblast that mediates both repair/regeneration and progressive disease. This epithelial-mesenchymal communication (EMC) is regulated by a variety of soluble ligands binding to cell surface receptors to induce intracellular signaling events. Summary: EMC is an important mechanism whereby tubular epithelium and fibroblasts/mesenchymal cells crosstalk to affect renal physiology and pathology. Numerous soluble factors such as sonic hedgehog, Wnt ligands, transforming growth factor-β, hepatocyte growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, and angiotensin II all participate in bidirectional EMC. Recent studies have also identified exosomes as a vehicle to mediate EMC during kidney injury. In general, while the short-term activity of EMC factors is renoprotective, prolonged activation of these factors leads to chronic disease and fibrosis. Key Messages: The discovery of a complex and intricate system of communication between tubular cells and fibroblasts is a new paradigm in our understanding of renal fibrosis. An appreciation of both their regenerative and pathologic functions will inform the development and use of targeted therapeutic interventions.
The Moderating Effect of Religiousness and Spirituality on the Relation between Dyadic Sexual and Non-Sexual Communication with Sexual and Marital Satisfaction among Married Jewish Women
Authors: Lazar Aryeh
Published: May 2016

Moderating effects of religiousness and spirituality on the relations between sexual and non-sexual dyadic communication with sexual and marital satisfaction were examined. Three hundred forty-two married Jewish women responded to self-report measures. Religiousness moderated the relations between both sexual and non-sexual communication with marital satisfaction—for the less religious these relations were stronger in comparison with the more religious—but not with sexual satisfaction. Sexual communication had a unique contribution to the prediction of sexual satisfaction while both types of communication demonstrated unique contributions to the prediction of marital satisfaction. The implications of these findings on the role of dyadic communication in relational satisfaction and the meaning of sexual and marital satisfaction for the more and less religious are discussed.
Do Parental Concerns Predict Developmental and Behavioral Diagnoses in a Developmental Clinic?
Authors: Yimgang Doris P. , Albury Rebecca A. , Leppert Mary L.
Published: May 2016

Parental concerns are useful tools to help pediatric care providers identify the presence of developmental and behavioral problems. This study sought to learn whether specific parental concerns helped predict diagnoses in a tertiary developmental clinic. Parents of preschoolers who attended a preschool developmental clinic (n = 101) were surveyed about behavioral and developmental concerns and their concerns about possible diagnoses. Clinical diagnoses were subsequently obtained on all children and compared with parents’ primary concerns. In our sample, approximately 50% of concerns were about language development and 21% about behavior. The most common diagnoses were communication disorder (41%) and developmental delay (42%). Only 30% of children whose parents had concerns about an autism spectrum diagnosis had actually received that diagnosis. Neither parental concerns about development and behavior nor their concerns about specific diagnosis predict clinical diagnosis in our tertiary developmental setting.
The influence of curing cycle and through thickness variability of properties in thick laminates
Authors: Lahuerta F , Nijssen RPL , van der Meer FP , Sluys LJ
Published: May 2016

Mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers are dependent on the manufacturing curing cycles. During the laminate manufacturing process, each thickness position experiences a different local curing cycle. Therefore, it can be expected that mechanical properties vary through the thickness, particularly for thick laminates. To study the through-thickness variation of static and fatigue mechanical properties, thick laminates were divided into sub-laminates and these sub-laminates were separately tested. The present work reports temperature profiles through the thickness recorded during the manufacturing of thick laminates, as well as experimental data from static and fatigue tests (S–N curves) of sub-laminates obtained at different thickness positions. The variation of the mechanical properties through the thickness is discussed and related to the local curing temperatures experienced by each sub-laminate.
Session I: Development, Form, and Function of Odontoblasts — CD. Torneck, Chairman
Authors: Ruch J.V.
Published: May 2016

Origin, cell kinetics, and phenotypic aspects of odontoblast cell lineage are described. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulate odontoblast differentiation. These interactions appear to be mediated by the extracellular matrix. Possible molecular mechanisms of cell-matrix interactions are discussed. Questions still unanswered are recommended for investigation.
New Immunological Approaches to Studying the Odontoblast
Authors: Aubin JE.
Published: May 2016

The use of specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as probes to study odontoblast morphology, function, and differentiation has received relatively little attention. The extent of the odontoblast processes in human and rat teeth is one question that we have approached recently by utilizing antibodies specific for intracellular elements, i.e., the cytoskeleton. Indirect immunofluorescence on both paraffin-embedded thin sections and surface-demineralized collagenase-digested whole mounts has indicated that the odontoblast process does extend to the dentino-enamel junction. By using other antibodies which recognize intra- and extracellular components, or antibodies which recognize unique antigens expressed at the cell surface of the odontoblast or its precursor cells, many more precise molecular details of odontoblast form and function would become accessible for analysis.