bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praktik Vegetarian Umat Buddha Theravada
Authors: Nyoto
Published: September 2019

In Buddha Dharma lesson by Buddha and then progress and known with by people around the world. After Parinibbana, Buddha Teachings In Buddha Dharma lesson by Buddha and then progress and known with by people around the world. After Buddha Parinibbana, Buddha Doctrine began to break and appear many sect in Buddhism. when there are 2 great sect known by buddhists, the sect is Mahayana and Theravada. Mahayana progress with based Buddha Dhamma but the progress followed the local culture and Theravada flourishes on the basis of the Buddha Dhamma. There is 2 difference that easy to known from sect practice, the costum is Mahayana doctrine are emphasize on vegetarian practice and Theravada not praticing vegetarian. Mahayana Sect practicing Bodhisatva moral principle and assume that every creature has the seed of Buddhahood. It is from this view that Mahayana practitioners do not consume food derived from murder. But in Theravada belief it is explained that every human being attain sanctity not seen from the food consumed, but from the effort in perfecting the parami. However there are some Sasana Subhasita Monastery, which is a monastery built by Sangha Theravada that practiced vegetarian diligently.
Greater discrimination difficulty during perceptual learning leads to stronger and more distinct representations
Authors: Popov Vencislav , Reder Lynne
Published: September 2019

Despite the conventional wisdom that it is more difficult to find a target among similar distractors, this study demonstrates that the advantage of searching for a target among dissimilar distractors is short-lived, and that high target-to-distractor (TD) similarity during visual search training can have beneficial effects for learning. Participants with no prior knowledge of Chinese performed 12 hour-long sessions over 4 weeks, where they had to find a briefly presented target character among a set of distractors. At the beginning of the experiment, high TD similarity hurt performance, but the effect reversed during the first session and remained positive throughout the remaining sessions. This effect was due primarily to reducing false alarms on trials in which the target was absent from the search display. In addition, making an error on a trial with a specific character was associated with slower visual search RTs on the subsequent repetition of the character, suggesting that participants paid more attention in encoding the characters after false alarms. Finally, the benefit of high TD similarity during visual search training transferred to a subsequent n-back working memory task. These results suggest that greater discrimination difficulty likely induces stronger and more distinct representations of each character.
The Effect of Professional Education, Experience and Independence on the Ability of Internal Auditors in Detecting Fraud in the Pharmaceutical Industry Company in Central Jakarta
Authors: Hamilah  , Handayani Evi , Denny
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis research focuses on the problem that is suspected to have an important influence, namely the ability to detect fraud (fraud), from professionalism, experience, independence, and professionalism, the size of the research is internal audit working in pharmaceutical industry companies in Jadebotabek. The population in this study is the enterprise of pharmaceutical industry in Central Jakarta which amounted to 20. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with sample size 20 companies which produce 100 respondents. The research model used is descriptive method using the classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis, multiple correlation analysis, determination analysis, while testing uses the t-statistical hypothesis test to test partial influence and F-statistics to test the simultaneous effect with a significance level of 5%. Based on the four classical tests, the normality test, the multicollinearity test, the autocorrelation test and the heteroscedasticity test, no variables were found that deviate from the classical assumptions. For testers of this study using the SPSS application version 25.0. The results of the study stated that professionalism had a significant effect on the ability to detect fraud; audit experience has a significant effect on the ability to detect fraud; audit independence has a significant effect on the ability to detect fraud; Professionalism, audit experience, and audit independence together have a significant influence on the ability to detect fraud
Can a Water Smart Grid Help Society Achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of Water as a Human Right?
Authors: Jones Akhenaton-Andrew
Published: September 2019

In the spirit of measuring what we care about, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide guidelines to measure ``universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.'' In this work, I show where permanent or semi-permanent, autonomous or semi-autonomous technologies (objects, not processes) can measure and induce progress toward those goals and where they cannot. To do this, I apply the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework to each of the seven normative definitions from the SDGs as ``action arenas.'' For each normative definition, I examine if technologies exist or can be created to effect a positive outcome for consumers in that particular action arena using nine evaluative criteria. This analysis is applied to the United States as a case study considering its physical systems, regulations, and governance structures. This work, combined with efforts to translate the United States' systems and structures, can lead to multinational applicability. This paper examines how and when a water smart grid can and cannot be used effectively. I conclude that the material artifacts of a water smart grid can advance the SDG of safety and affordability. However, technology alone cannot assign people to jurisdictions, limiting its ability to advance goals of universal and equitable access.
PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DI LEMBAGA SEKOLAH
Authors: Sugiyarti Sugiyarti
Published: September 2019

Perencanaan pendidikan adalah suatu proses menetapkan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan tujuan yang akan dicapai, sumber sumber yang akan diberdayakan, dan teknik atau metode akan dipilih secara tepat untuk melaksanakan tindakan selama kurun waktu tertentu agar penyelenggaraan pendidikan dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif, efisien dan bermutu. Depdikbud (1982), mengemukakan langkah-langkah yang ditempuh dalam proses penyususnan perencanaan pendidikan yaitu: (a) pengumpulan dan pengolahan data, (b) diagnosis, (c) perumusan kebijakan, (d) perkiraan kebutuhan masa depan, (e) perhtungan biaya, (f) penetapan sasaran, (g) perumsan rencana, (h) perincian rencana, (i) implementasi rencana, (j) evaluasi rencana, dan (k) revisi rencana. Dengan adanya langkah-langkah perencanaan pendidikan tersebut diharapkan pendidikan di Indonesia akan semakin maju. Masalah pendidikan di Indonesia seakan menjadi masalah pula untuk pemerintah dalam merencanakan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Sistem Pendidikan Nasional selama ini seakan belum meng-cover tujuan pendidikan nasional. Tujuan pendidikan nasional begitu mulia, tetapi implementasinya tidak sanggup mewujudkannya. Perencanaan sistem pendidikan ini akan sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional, apabila masalah dalam pendidikan yang telah dibahas dapat teratasi
Urgensi Bahasa Ibu di Era Modern (Telaah Sosiolinguistik)
Authors: pribady haries
Published: September 2019

Aktivitas bersastra merupakan bagian dari rangkaian upacara perkawinan, upacara kematian, upacara pengobatan, dan penanaman padi. Beberapa aktivitas bersastra juga tergambar dalam lagu-lagu daerah. Album Terigas, sebagai sebuah contoh, merupakan kumpulan lagu daerah berbahasa Melayu yang sanggup merepresentasikan aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut. Dengan aransemen yang tepat, lagu-lagu daerah dalam album Terigas tidak sekadar dinyanyikan dalam upacara adat, melainkan juga dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung dalam lagu daerah dan identifikasi makna pemertahanan bahasa yang dimilikinya.
EFEKTIFITAS KOMBINASI KITOSANDAN FERRIC CHLORIDE DALAM MENURUNKAN KEKERUHAN PADA AIR BAKU
Authors: YUSNIARTANTI NINDYA
Published: September 2019

Application of ferric chloride (FeCl3) as a coagulant and flocculant for water treatment have caused a serious problem, that sludge (floc) containing a certain concentration of metal Fe3+ throw into the environment and accumulate continuously polluting water and has potential harm to distribution pipe. This study aimed to find an alternative flocculant that more environmentally friendly and able to minimize the negative impact of metal accumulation Fe3+ in sludge (floc) of sedimentation process or piping distribution. Laboratory studies conducted to determine the effectiveness of chitosan as an alternative and more environmentally friendly flocculant. A water sample collected from naturally raw water obtained from the outlet of prasedimentation unit’s IPAM Karang Pilang III, Surabaya. Furthermore, analyzed for physical and chemical parameters, ie, turbidity, SS/TSS, pH, and organic substances had been measured to all variations of research. This research carried out a variation of chitosan’s concentration, and duration’s stirring (detention time of flocculation). Otherwise, the coagulant doses of FeCl3 set to be constant. The selected design value of the velocity gradient (G) is 300/det for coagulation and 60/det for flocculation. The result showed that the highest effectiveness of chitosan in removing turbidity had been achieved from the variation of 1 mg/L concentration of chitosan and 30 minutes of stirring time, resulting in the effectiveness of the process reached 98,67%.
ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Akbar Surya
Published: September 2019

Sumber daya manusia (SDM) atau tenaga kerja merupakan aset utama dalam sebuah organisasi, perlu perlakuan khusus dalam pengelolaan tenaga kerja karena dasarnya adalah tenaga kerja dapat mempengaruhi eksistensi organisasi dimasa yang akan datang. Pengelolaan tenaga kerja yang baik akan mampu menciptakan suasana kerja yang optimal dalam rangka mewujudkan produktifitas tenaga kerja dalam organisasi. Ada banyak sekali faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan dalam bekerja diantaranya adalah proses recruitment dan pemberian motivasi kepada karyawan. Proses rekrutmen karyawan membutuhkan perencanaan yang baik terkait kebutuhan organisasi akan tenaga kerja serta perlu analisa yang baik pula dalam menempatkan seorang pekerja pada posisi yang sesuai dengan kompetensinya. Selanjutnya, pemberian motivasi merupakan faktor penting lainnya dalam meningkatkan hasil kerja karyawan. Pemberian motivasi oleh sebuah organisasi merupakan suatu kewajiban dan tuntutan, dengan pemberian motivasi yang baik dan berkelanjutan dalam bentuk arahan atau penghargaan kepada karyawan dapat memberikan rangsangan kepada karyawan untuk bekerja lebih baik lagi dalam rangka mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditetapkan semula.
Harga lisensi perusahaan statistik dan cara menginstal STATCAL
Authors: Alemina Dinda Theresia
Published: September 2019

Harga saham beberapa perusahaan yang bekerja di bidang statistik
Plan S Point–Counterpoint: Discussing the Plan Together
Authors: Anderson Rick , Vandegrift Micah
Published: September 2019

At the ISMTE 2019 North American Meeting, Rick Anderson, Associate Dean for Collections & Scholarly Communication at the J. Willard Marriott Library at the University of Utah and Micah Vandegrift, Open Knowledge Librarian at North Carolina State University Libraries, discussed their different opinions regarding some of the finer points of Plan S. They prepared responses for 10 questions for the meeting but were only able to respond to some of them in person. The following is the full Q&A that they prepared for the meeting, with references added.
The Thriving Coastal Communities Initiative: Towards an action research agenda focused on well-being in coastal communities in British Columbia - Final Workshop Report
Authors: Bennett Nathan
Published: September 2019

Rural and resource-based coastal communities in British Columbia (BC) are facing a number of pressing challenges that are affecting the holistic health and well-being of local people. The challenges facing coastal communities include being disconnected from decision-making process, a changing climate, rapidly evolving ecosystems, increasing pollution, declining investment, loss of community infrastructure, increasing competition over marine space, loss of access to fisheries and increasingly complex marine management regimes. Local communities are feeling the impacts of these pressures and changes in very real ways. Research into communities on the BC coast suggests that they are experiencing loss of livelihoods, declining economies, outmigration of youth to urban centers, loss of food security, increasing drug use, and a suite of physical and mental health challenges.
The influence of signs of social class on prosocial behavior: A field experiment
Authors: Callaghan Bennett , Delgadillo Quinton Michael , Kraus Michael W.
Published: September 2019

A field experiment (N = 4,537) examined how signs of social class influence prosocial behavior. In the experiment, pedestrians were exposed to a target wearing symbols of relatively high or low social class in two major urban cities in the USA who was presumably requesting money to help the homeless. Pedestrians gave more than twice (2.55 times) as much to the target wearing high social class symbols than they did to the one wearing lower-class symbols. A follow-up perceptual study exposed participants to images of this panhandler wearing the same higher- or lower-class symbols, finding that higher-class symbols elicited perceptions of elevated competence, trustworthiness, similarity to the self, and perceived humanity compared to lower-class symbols. These results indicate that perceivers use visible signs of social class as a basis for judging others’ traits and attributes, and in decisions to directly share resources.
Réalisation et test d’une échelle de Thurstone en ligne
Authors: Lemoine Fabien , Laurens Stéphane , Delouvée Sylvain
Published: September 2019

Cet article vise à mettre à disposition un outil testé et validé qui permet de simplifier considérablement l’utilisation des échelles Thurstone, au moyen d’une application numérique en libre accès. Après avoir mis en évidence l’intérêt d’utiliser une telle méthode pour mesurer l’attitude, nous présentons une étude illustrative rappelant quelques règles de mise en place des énoncés qui composent cette échelle. Enfin, nous présentons les diverses fonctionnalités de l’application. L’objectif de cet article est d’apporter une solution technique à la complexité de mise en place de l’échelle de Thurstone.
Predicting pragmatic cue integration in adults’ and children’s inferences about novel word meanings
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Tessler Michael Henry , Merrick Megan , Frank Michael C.
Published: September 2019

Language is learned in complex social settings where listeners must reconstruct speakers’ intended meanings from context. To navigate this challenge, children can use pragmatic reasoning to learn the meaning of unfamiliar words. A critical challenge for pragmatic reasoning is that it requires integrating multiple information sources, which have typically been studied separately. Here we study this integration process. We isolate two sources of pragmatic information and -- using a probabilistic model of conversational reasoning – formalize how they should be combined and how this process might develop. We use this model to generate quantitative predictions, which we test against new behavioral data from three- to five-year-old children (N = 243) and adults (N = 694). Results show close alignment between model predictions and data. Furthermore, the model provided a better explanation of the data compared to simpler alternative models assuming that participants selectively ignore one information source. This work integrates distinct sets of findings regarding information sources for early language learning and suggests that pragmatic reasoning models can provide a quantitative framework for understanding developmental changes in language learning.
Ease-of-Simulation Norms for 452 Adjective Metaphors
Authors: Liu Pei Q , Connell Louise , Lynott Dermot
Published: September 2019

Successful language comprehension results in a multimodal simulation of meaning. Hence, the ease of simulation of a given metaphor is likely to be a critical predictor of performance in metaphor processing. Since simulations are unconscious, and may lose information when brought to conscious awareness, the ease of simulation cannot be directly rated (e.g., as ease of understanding or of generating mental imagery). Therefore, we propose an alternative method of measuring ease of simulation indirectly by assessing the end product of successful metaphor processing using multiple rating scales that, together, offer a proxy for ease of simulation: sensibility, usability, and imaginability of metaphors. We normed 452 sentences comprising adjective metaphors (e.g., Students can be bright; Minutes can be lukewarm) by asking participants to rate the sentences on sensibility, usability, and imaginability scales. We then used principal components analysis to combine these three individual rating scales into a single measure that captured their common variance: ease-of-simulation (EoS). To validate the norms, we examined the extent to which this new EoS measure can explain response times in a metaphor processing task, and found that it better predicted sensibility judgement times than any of the individual ratings, including the ostensibly more relevant sensibility ratings. These findings support the idea that EoS provides a valuable index of processing effort in metaphor comprehension. We hope these norms will benefit research on metaphor processing and the role of simulation in language comprehension.
EFFICIENCY OF RAW GLUTEN CONTENT PREDICTION IN WHEAT KERNELS
Authors: Pasynkov A. V. , Pasynkova E. N.
Published: September 2019

The conducted regression analysis allowed us to obtain the equation of multiple nonlinear regression, which reflects the dependence of the raw gluten content in wheat kernels (Y, %) on the protein content (X1 = Ntotal · 5.7, %) and 1000-kernel weight (X2, g): Y = -41.928 + 0.081Х1 2 + 2.548Х2 - 0.028Х2 2. In the presented equation, all quality indicators are given at 12% humidity. If protein content and/or 1000-kernel weight are determined for absolutely dry matter (a.d.m.), the developed equation to predict raw gluten content in wheat kernels is recalculated with the use of coefficients of 0.88 and 1.136, respectively. The purpose of the research is to identify the effectiveness of raw gluten content prediction in wheat kernels using the developed regression equation, which reflects its dependence on protein content and 1000-kernel weight. There have been developed and presented an algorithm and results of testing the predictive capabilities of the equation based on independent data. That is, using experimental data on protein and gluten content, and 1000-kernel weight obtained by other researchers in the experiments with different wheat varieties and in other soil and climatic conditions. The summarized experimental data of 124 Soviet, Russian and foreign literary references with a total number of observations n = 2485 on more than a hundred wheat varieties grown from 1959 to 2019 in various soil and climatic zones of the USSR, Russia and abroad have shown that the number of values beyond the limits regulated by GOST R 54478 - 2011 (± 2%) was 462 or 18.6% of the total number of observations. The accuracy of the raw gluten content prediction in wheat kernels was 81.4%. The developed equation can be used to predict raw gluten content in kernels of various winter and spring soft and durum wheat varieties.
THE EFFECT OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND KERNEL QUALITY OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT SAMPLES
Authors: Kravchenko N. S. , Ionova E. V. , Gaze V. L.
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the study results of yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat samples in the conditions of the provocative background “zasushnik”. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of growing conditions on the formation of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat samples. The maximum productivity in the conditions of the simulative drought “zasushnik” was shown by the samples ‘Shef’ (295.0 g/m²), ‘Zhavoronok’ (282.0 g/m²), ‘Volny Don’ (280.8 g/m²), which indicates an increased level of drought tolerance of these genotypes. The increase of protein percentage in comparison with the control variety ranged from 20.8% (‘Asket’) to 47.2% (‘Donskaya Step’). There was also gluten amount increase in the experiment in comparison with the control variety from 28.5% (‘Volny Don’) to 54.7% (‘352/11’) and at the same time there was a decrease in protein and gluten quality. Under conditions of a simulative drought, there was a significant decrease in the natural mass of the samples. There were identified such genotypes that, under severe drought conditions, formed a natural grain mass at the level of 3rd quality class (not less than 730 g/l) as ‘Asket’ (730 g/l), ‘Ambar’ (732 g/l), ‘Etud’ (736 g/l ), ‘Luchezar’ (744 g/l) and ‘1377/06’ (743 g/l). There was carried out a correlation analysis which allowed determining a change in the correlation between productivity and quality traits under the effect of growing conditions.
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF TRITICUM PETROPAVLOVSKYI AND ITS SPONTANEOUS MACROMUTANTS
Authors: Romanov B. V. , Pimonov K. I.
Published: September 2019

The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Federal Russian Agricultural Research Center”, whose soils are ordinary blackearth (chernozem). 25 productive shoots of each sample were taken in their full ripeness, and, when the seeds reached standard humidity, there was performed a structural analysis in the laboratory. T. petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms emerged from cultivation were used as the objects of study. In the process of a long-term cultivation of T. petropavlovskyi in the collection, there were identified numerous spontaneous macromutant forms of a specific nature. The paper presents the study results of the product characteristics of T.petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms which are phenotypically close to T. spelta and soft-like T. aestivum and typical soft wheat T. aestivum. It has been established that product characteristics of speltoid macromutant wheat are significantly inferior to the original T. petropavlovskyi and macromutant soft wheat T. aestivum. Product features of soft-like macromutant T. aestivum is similar to the original T. petropavlovskyi, but has a smaller sprout weight and, correspondingly, lower grain productivity. The most promising variety for breeding process is the macromutant typical soft wheat T. aestivum, which forms a larger number of grains and, due to this, has an advantage in ‘kernel weight per head’ over all samples, including the initial form. The value of this macromutant form can also be determined by the high coefficient of specific productivity (Csp), which indicates a more efficient work of its vegetative organs. Consequently, the macromutant T. aestivum, which is phenomenally similar to the existing varieties of soft wheat, promises a high hybridization efficiency with the latter. Thus, the macromutant form of T. aestivum, developed on the basis of the T. petropavlovskyi genotype, is of some value as an initial material for breeding practice.
Missions to Manchuria
Authors: Sewell Bill
Published: September 2019

In the first half of the twentieth century, Christian missionaries and Japanese officials both staked out physical terrain in northeast China in which they aimed to establish and expand their respective influence. They did so while embracing divergent senses of mission, yet their views and methods to a great extent coincided. Similarities in views and methods initially engendered mutual respect and cooperation, but a worsening international climate in the 1930s and a simultaneous hardening of Japanese attitudes led to growing mutual suspicions and the termination of this working relationship. Shifting Japanese attitudes, moreover, worsened relations with Chinese.
Silver, gold and palladium leaching from pre-prepared electronic scrap using bromine-bromide solution
Authors:   All Recycling Ltd, Petah Tikva, Israel, Kogan V.S. , Berkovich I.V. ,   All Recycling Ltd, Petah Tikva, Israel
Published: September 2019

The leaching of silver, gold, and palladium from printed circuit boards in the bromine - bromide system after preliminary removal of the associated metals and copper has been investigated. It was established experimentally that the dissolution of gold with a turnover of leaching solution from a previously prepared PCB concentrate in comparison with the leaching of the original electronic scrap proceeds at a higher rate and much more completely, so the average degree of gold extraction rose from 87.2 to 89.39%. The consumption of bromine decreased from 20-32 to 12 kg Br2 per ton of scrap. So by seven leaching stages, it was possible to obtain a productive solution with the content, g · dm-3: 0.0652 Au, 0.015 Pb, 0.00052 Cu. Pretreatment PCB concentrate also increases the rate and completeness of silver and palladium leaching. At the same time, preliminary removal of the main part of copper allows reducing its content in the productive solution by almost 10 times. Under the conditions of collective leaching of silver, gold and palladium with a slightly acidic (pH = 1.98) bromine-bromide solution, with a content of 100.8 g · dm-3 of bromide ions, it is possible to convert 98.64% Au, 97.23% Ag and 98.33% Pd to the solution. The kinetics of precipitation of gold, silver and palladium from productive solutions using zinc dust, copper powder and hydrazine solution has been studied. As a results it was to precipitate gold on zinc dust in the form of cement powder with a purity of 99.4% and collective (Ag-Pd) and (Au-Ag-Pd) products using a 10% solution of hydrazine with content, mass. % : 1.18 Cu, 90.6 Ag, 7.2Pd and 1.2 Cu, 83.31Ag, 7.15 Pd, 7.95 Au, respectively.
Value Pluralism and Public Ethics
Authors: Edyvane Derek , Tillyris Demetris
Published: September 2019

‘The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing’. -Archilochus quoted in Berlin, The Hedgehog and the Fox, 22

The fragment from the Greek poet Archilochus, quoted in Isaiah Berlin’s essay ‘The Hedgehog and the Fox’, serves as a metaphor for the long-standing contrast and rivalry between two radically different approaches to public ethics, each of which is couched in a radically different vision of the structure of moral value. On the one hand, the way of the hedgehog corresponds to the creed of value monism, reflecting a faith in the ultimate unity of the moral universe and belief in the singularity, tidiness and completeness of moral and political purposes. On the other hand, the way of the fox corresponds to the nemesis of monism, the philosophical tradition of value pluralism, to which this collection of essays is devoted. This dissenting countermovement, which emerges most clearly in the writings of Isaiah Berlin, Stuart Hampshire, Bernard Williams and John Gray, is fuelled by an appreciation of the perpetuity of plurality and conflict and, correspondingly, by the conviction that visions of moral unity and harmony are incoherent and implausible. In the view of the value pluralists, ‘there is no completeness and no perfection to be found in morality’ (Hampshire 1989a: 177).
Dirty Hands and Suffering
Authors: Tillyris Demetris
Published: September 2019

Contra the prevalent way of thinking about the dirty-hands problem, this article suggests that dirty hands need not necessarily entail suffering and that a politician who does not suffer for his dirty-handed acts should not be cast as a bad politician. In so doing, the article: (i) argues that the connection between DH and suffering is unsatisfactorily totalising and rests on a contentious conception of conflict as a dysfunction and (ii) develops an alternative account of the good dirty-handed politician, which is associated with what proponents of the prevalent view of the problem find impossible: calm acceptance of – even indulgence in – one’s dirt. This recognition has important implications for our contemporary culture of contrition and for the way we evaluate the characters of our politicians.
Kampüste Spor Deneyimi: Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kampüs Rekreasyonel Spor Deneyiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇEVİK Hüseyin , YILMAZ Ecenur , KORKMAZ Ayberk
Published: September 2019

Kampüs rekreasyonel spor öğrencilerin çok yönlü gelişimine katkı sağlamaktadır.
Bu gelişimin sağlanabilmesi için katılımın düzenli ve sürekli olması gerekir. Olumlu
deneyim algısı katılımın düzenli ve sürekliğinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.
Üniversiteler kampüs rekreasyonel spor programlarına katılımı arttırabilmek ve
sürekliliği sağlamak için öğrencilerin deneyim algılarını değerlendirerek plan
ve strateji geliştirmek durumundadır. Bundan dolayı bu araştırmada öğrencilerin
kampüs rekreasyonel spor deneyim algılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmaya kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen, Anadolu Üniversitesi ve
Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi bünyesinde kampüs rekreasyonel spor
aktivitelerine katılan 259 öğrenci dahil edilmiştir. Veriler oluşturulan anket
aracılığı ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Anketin birinci
bölümünde Kampüs Rekreasyonel Spor Deneyim Ölçeği, ikinci bölümde ise kişisel
veriler formuna yer verilmiştir. Veri analizinde Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi
(DFA), t-test ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları öğrencilerin kampüs
rekreasyonel spor deneyim algılarının cinsiyet, fakülte/bölüm ve öğretim yıl
değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak araştırma
bulguları, üniversite yönetimine kampüs rekreasyonel spor programı ile ilgili
farklı özellikteki öğrencilerin ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin anlaşılması
noktasında önemli veriler sağlamaktadır.
Chronicle of the 81st annual international meeteing of the meteoritical society, july 22–27, 2018, Moscow
Authors: Ivanova M. A. , Bezaeva N. S.
Published: September 2019

The most interesting and most important scientific topics related to planetology, cosmochemistry, meteoritics, impact processes, and crater formation were discussed at the 81st Annual International Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, which was first held in Russia, July 22–27, 2018. Scientists from the whole Word discussed problems of the formation of presolar grains, interplanetary dust particles and micrometeorites, refractory inclusions, volatiles, as well as the chronology of the Solar System material; carbonaceous, ordinary and enstatite chondrites, chondrules, impact structures, achondrites, geochemistry of Martian and Lunar meteorites, differentiated cosmic bodies; the most modern methods and equipment used in the study of the the Solar System material.
Liquid immiscibility in regions of localized shock melting in meteorite Elga
Authors: Khisina N. R. , Wirth R. , Abdrakhimov A. M.
Published: September 2019

The regions of localized shock melting (melt pockets) in one of silicate inclusions in IIE iron meteorite Elga were investigated with EMPA, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that the mechanism of formation of melt pockets in Elga is of a mixed nature, associated not only with the melting in situ of the silicate matrix, but also with the intrusion of portions of the melted schreibersite-oxide rim inside the silicate inclusion. Melt pockets have an emulsion texture, which is a sign of phase separation by liquid immiscibility in high-temperature shock melts. The emulsion texture, formed by droplet-shaped exsolutions of siderite in the schreibersite matrix of one of the melt pockets, has all the features of phase separation by liquid immiscibility at superliquidus temperatures and thus convincingly indicates the extraterrestrial origin of siderite in the Elga meteorite.
Efektivitas Relaksasi Teknik Meditasi untuk Membantu Siswa Mengatasi Stres sebelum Menghadapi Ujian Nasional
Authors: Alfaiz Alfaiz , Juliawati Dosi , Yandri Hengki , Ayumi Rinda Tri
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kasus yang terjadi pada siswa yang cemas, stres bahkan depresi ketika menjelang Ujian Nasional sehingga perlu adanya tindakan pencegahan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengungkap efektivitas relaksasi teknik meditasi untuk membantu mengatasi stres siswa sebelum menghadapi Ujian Nasional. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan pendekaan pre-eksperimen melalui rancangan The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 12 orang. Data mengenai tingkat stres siswa sebelum menghadapi Ujian Nasional diperoleh melalui angket dengan menggunakan model Skala Likert  kemudian dianalisis menggunakan skor ideal dan uji Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap tingkat stres siswa sebelum menghadapi Ujian Nasional setelah diberi perlakuan berupa relaksasi teknik meditasi dengan angka probabilitas asymp. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Kesimpulan dari hasil temuan ini bahwa relaksasi dengan teknik meditasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat stress siswa.
Strategi Coping Mahasiswa Tugas Akhir Program Studi Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Lio Stefanus , Sembiring Kristinus
Published: September 2019

Final writing or thesis is indeed a burden that can cause stress for students. Various problems, difficulties and challenges they must face. For this reason, they should have the right coping strategies to deal with and overcome any problems that cause stress in their final writing.This study aimed to identify or investigate how guidance and counseling students are able to cope with their problems and life’s situation when they are doing their final writing or thesis. A descriptive method with Coping Responses Inventory-Adult Form (CRI-Adult) was used. Results revealed that the students capitalized on different coping strategies when they deal with the problems that came up when they are doing their final writing. In general, it could be noted that all respondents utilized problem focused coping (PFC) and emotion focused coping (EFC) in the level of average until well above average.
Hubungan Intensitas Kebisingan Dan Lama Kerja Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Tenaga Kerja Bagian Produksi PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk.
Authors: Setiawan Andry , Supriyadi Yohanes Joko , Maharso Maharso
Published: September 2019

The Relations Of The Intensity Of Noise And Work Term With The Hypertension Case Of The Production Parts Employees In PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk.. Some research results prove that one of the risk factor of stroke is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise pollution may be associated with the occurrence of hypertention, this is supported by an epidemiological study in the United States. The results of that study mentioned that people exposed to noise tend to have unstable emotions. Emotional instability will lead to a stress. If the stress happened long enough, it will cause the narrowing of blood vessels, so it will make the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. In a long term, blood pressure will rise, and this is called Hypertension. The purpose of this study is to determine the relations between the intensity of noise pollution and work term with the case of hypertension in the production parts employee of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. Tanah Laut regency in 2017. The research method used is an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The population in this study is amounted to 57 people and the sample amounted to 57 people. The results of this study indicates that there is a moderate relationship between the intensity of noise pollution with the incidence of hypertension (p-value = 0,002 < α = 0,05 r = 0,407), and there is a low relationship between work term with the incidence of hypertension (p-value = 0,014 < α = 0,05 r = 0,323). Suggestions given to the company is to provide guidance on the use of PPE, perform routine health checks on employees and rotate the position of work on the employee of production.
FREEZING DYNAMICS 10% CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION WITH LIQUID NITROGEN IN VITRO
Authors: Dronov O.I. , Kovalska І.О. , Kozachuk Ye.S. , Lukyanova N.Yu. , Khomenko D.I. , Bakunets P.P.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. Cryosurgical method is method of  ultra-low temperatures local  application for complete destruction of the pathological focus. Nowadays, question of cryosurgery  radicality remains unsolve, because of inability to achieve lethal for tumor cells temperatures  in  depth from cryoapplicator.That`s why, attempts of cryodestruction improving  are still keep going by developing methods of ultra-low temperatures cytodestructive effect  potentiation,  particulary, by their combination with chemical agents. Objective of the study was to determine the peculiarities of changes in temperature indices 10 % CaCl2 solution freezing in comparison with 0,9 % sodium chloride solution (0,9 % NaCl) in vitro. Materials and methods. Dynamic of low-temperatures changes were measured at control depths of 3, 8, 13, and 18 mm in 10% СаСl2 and 0.9% NaCl solutions by a four-channel measuring thermocouple complex KIIT-4. Cryo-tool of the original design was used for freezing. Cryoagent - liquid nitrogen (temperature -1800C). The temperature indices were detected during 10-minute exposure to liquid nitrogen. Results. During cryogenic exposure for 10 minutes at a distance of 13 and 18 mm from the cryoprobe, the mean temperatures in 10 % CaCl2 were significantly lower than 0,9 % NaCl (p <0,05). At control depths from 5th and 10th minute of exposure in 10 % CaCl2 the temperatures were significantly lower than 0,9 % NaCl (p <0,001). Conclusion. Consequently, 10 % CaCl2 can potentiate in vitro freezing processes and can be used to further improvemnt cryosurgery efficiency in vivo.
DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCOSAMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN EXPERIMENTS WITH SUFFICIENTLY SPEED PHYSICAL LOADING
Authors: Sorokopud K.Yu. , Zaychenko G.V. , Gorchakova N.O.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. Glucosamine hydrochloride, as a medicament, is introduced in various fields of medicine. Its frigidoid and cardioprotective properties have been determined, but its protective properties have not been determined yet. There is a need to substantiate the expediency of using glucosamine hydrochloride as a metabolic and metabolitotropic agent, as improving performance and accelerating recovery processes under extreme conditions and under physical stress.

Objective. Investigate possible acto-protective properties of glucosamine hydrochloride in an experiment on rats at high-speed physical activity.

Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on 35 white rats in males of the Wistar line, weighing 180-200 g. Rapid loading was created by running rats at Tredbani with a tape speed of 42 m / min and on the test "swimming with additional load to full exhaustion". Glucosamine hydrochloride was administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg / kg using a probe for 10 days. Under the thiopental-sodium anesthesia, decapitations were performed, myocardial, liver, and skeletal muscle were removed, in which the content of the components of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (level of LO-diene conjugates (DK), secondary malonic dialdehydes (MDA), superoxide dismutase enzymes activity (SOD), catalase).

Results. Introduction of glucosamine hydrochloride lengthened swimming time in rats by 59% and running time by 52%, which indicates the adaptive and act-protective effect of the agent. During a high-speed run, without the use of an actoprotector, the level of lipid peroxidation (DC, MDA) increases and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (SOD, catalase) decreases. However, when using glucosamine hydrochloride, the level of lipid peroxidation (DC, MDA) decreases and the level of antioxidant protection (SOD, catalase) increases, which proves its act-protective properties. So, glucosamine hydrochloride prevents a change in the indices of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, which is explained by the presence of a membranotropic and antioxidant effect in it.

Conclusions. Glucosamine hydrochloride has its protective properties. The implementation of the actoprotective action may be mediated due to antioxidant effects.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TUMOR NECROTIC FACTOR ALPHA IN DEVELOPMENT OF NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ziablitsev S.V. , Chernobrytsevs O.P. , Ziablytsev D.S.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. The value of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the polymorphism of its gene rs1800629 for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown in some studies but the mechanism of such an effect and role in some ethnic populations of patients is not fully understood.

Objective: to find out the value of TNFα and polymorphism of its gene rs1800629 in the development of type 2 DM and its vascular complications.

Materials and methods. The study involved data from 152 Ukrainian patients with type 2 DM, aged 34-80 years (53.9±8.4 years) and 95 healthy persons (control). According to the results of clinical and laboratory examinations, the presence of complications was determined and the stage of the disease was established. The blood level of TNFα was determined by the immuneenzyme method (Bender Medsystems, Austria); polymorphism rs1800629 – by real time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays Life-Technology, USA). Statistical data processing was used by Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA).

Results. The blood level of TNFα in type 2 DM significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the disease (the maximum in the third stage – 7,1 times; p=3,2e-17), which influenced the development of retinopathy (β=0,012; p=0,049), nephropathy by glomerular filtration rate (β=0,011; p=0,007) and arterial hypertension (β=0,007; p=0,042); the maximum was the effect on the development of macroangiopathy of the lower extremities (β=0.033; p<0.001). Minor allele A rs1800629 increased (OR=1,71; 95% CI 1,11-2.65; p=0,015) risk of type 2 DM. For genotypes the connection with the disease is confirmed by the dominant model of inheritance (G/G versus G/A+A/A; OR=1,87; 95% CI 1,10-3,18; p=0,020). Allele A contributed to a decrease in the velocity of glomerular filtration and was associated with the development of nephropathy (χ2=6,38; p=0,041). This could be due to higher TNFα levels in  G/A genotypes-carriers (1,2 times) and A/A (1,7 fold) compared to genotype G/G-carriers (p<0,001).

Conclusion. The presence of the allele A rs1800629 was an important factor in the diabetic nephropathy development; one of the mechanisms of the vascular diabetic complications development was excessive expression of the TNFα gene, resulting in excessive synthesis of TNFα.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES 2 TYPE DEPENDING ON THE DISEASE SEVERITY
Authors: Ziablitsev S.V. , Chernobrivtsev O.P. , Ziablitseva M.V.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. Clinical manifestations of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with the development of micro- and macroangiopathies. Due to, as a rule, the lengthy experience of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the complications of T2DM are characterized by a severe course, a high risk of disability and premature mortality, and require careful study of clinical and laboratory manifestations.
Objective: to analyze the clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with T2DM, depending on the severity of the disease.
Material and methods. The study involved data from 152 patients with T2DM. According to the results of clinical and laboratory studies, the presence of retinopathy, nephropathy was determined by the level of microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate, and sensory polyneuropathy, macroangiopathies of the lower extremities, and arterial hypertension. According to the severity of diabetes, the patients were divided into three groups. In the control group were drawn 95 healthy individuals. For mathematical processing of the data used, the program Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) was used.
Results. All patients had hyperglycemia with an excess of glucose in the blood of 2,4-3,3 times (p<0,001) compared with the control. The blood content of HbA1c also exceeded the control (1,5-2,0 times; p<0,001). According to the carbohydrate metabolism in the 1st group, all patients were compensated, and in the 2nd and 3rd groups, they were decompensated. Patients of the 3rd group were on average 6 years older and longer (by 8,5 years) were ill (p<0,001). In patients with the 1st and 2nd groups, hyperinsulinemia occurred, in patients of the 3rd group - hypoinsulinemia and a decrease in beta-cell function; insulin resistance was observed in patients of all groups. Patients of the 3rd group had excess weight or obesity (BMI from 28,4 kg/m2 to 35,0 kg/m2), which could be associated with hypertriglyceridemia; in patients with hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance. In groups, the frequency and degree of retinopathy (p=5,8e-04), nephropathy in albuminuria (p=0,032), macroangiopathy of tender extremities (p<0,001), and hypertension (p=0,004) increased significantly.
Conclusion: the obtained data allowed objectifying the patient's condition according to the degree of metabolic disorders, hormonal regulation and the presence of complications.
NEW PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF DIABETIC MACULOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Panchenko Yu.O. , Mogilevskyy S.Yu. , Ziablitsev S.V. , Chernobrivtsev O.P.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. In diabetes mellitus (DM), a cascade of pathological reactions unfolds in the vascular endothelium with the formation of endothelial dysfunction (EDF). Its main factors are endothelium hormone – endothelin-1 (ET1), nitric oxide (NO), endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), and also tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). But the unexplored question remains whether EDFs can be used as prognostic markers for the development of diabetic maculopathy.

Objective: to find out the prognostic value of EDF factors in the development of diabetic maculopathy (DM) in type 2 diabetes.

Material and methods. This study included 152 patients (304 eyes) with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into groups according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR): 1st – initial non-proliferative DR, 2nd – moderate or severe non-proliferative DR and 3rd – proliferative DR. DM was determined by the presence of specific diabetic retinal changes in the macular area according to the International Clinical Gravity Scale of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (2002). The control group consisted of 95 people. The content of ET1, eNOS and TNFα was determined by ELISA; the content of the final NO metabolites (NOx) was determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA).

Results. With the progression of DR, there was an increase in the frequency and severity level of DM (p=2.0e-06), which was accompanied by an increase in the blood levels ET1 (3.7-4.7 times), NOx (1.4-1.5  times) and TNFα (4.2-6.5 times), with a progressive decrease in the level of eNOS (P<0.01). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis (GLZ package; StatSoft, Inc., USA) showed that pathogenetic factors for the DM development were multiple increase in blood levels of ET1 and TNFα, which was confirmed by building a logistic regression model with satisfactory results of adequacy (p=0.039).

Conclusions. This study confirmed the significant role of EDF in type 2 diabetes and proved the prognostic value of ET1 and TNFα blood levels for the development of DM.