bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating a New Normal: A Qualitative Look at Long-Term Care Planning for Children with Intellectual Disabilities Post-COVID-19
Authors: Yip Alice , Mo Yuen-Han , Yip Jeff , Tsui Zoe , Fong Fu-Fai , Chu Pui-Man
Published: December 2024

Background: Family caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) face numerous challenges in long-term planning, which have been exacerbated amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific triggers raise awareness of future planning needs, but barriers like painful emotions and exhaustion often impede the process. This study aimed to explore Hong Kong (HK) caregivers’ perspectives on long-term planning for family members with ID at the later period of the pandemic. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized. In-depth interviews regarding experiences with long-term care preparation during COVID-19 were conducted with 12 purposively sampled HK caregivers of adults with ID. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Results: Four key themes emerged: planning a loved one’s future alone, the burden of arranging care for disabled loved ones, planning a child’s future care amid family tensions, and the pandemic worsening future caregiving worries. Conclusion: Caregivers urgently require encouragement and support from policymakers and professionals to build confidence in long-term strategy and access robust assistance. Implications include identifying caregiver concerns, aiding gradual planning implementation, increasing respite options, and facilitating discussions regarding future residential care homes. This study provides initial valuable insights into an overlooked population during an unprecedented crisis.
Improving Lettuce Tolerance to Cadmium Stress: Insights from Raw vs. Cystamine-Modified Biochar
Authors: Chen Rongqi , Duan Xi , Xu Ruoxuan , Zhao Tao
Published: December 2024

Understanding the interactions among biochar, plants, soils, and microbial communities is essential for developing effective and eco-friendly soil remediation strategies. This study investigates the role of cystamine-modified biochar (Cys-BC) in alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in lettuce, comparing its effects to those of raw biochar. Lettuce plants were exposed to Cd stress (1–5 mg kg−1), and the effects of Cys-BC were assessed by measuring plant biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, Cd bioavailability, and soil microbial diversity. Cys-BC significantly enhanced plant biomass, with increases in above-ground growth (40.54–44.95%) and root biomass (37.54–47.44%) compared to Cd-stressed controls. Photosynthetic parameters improved by up to 91.02% for chlorophyll-a content and 37.93% for the net photosynthetic rate. Cys-BC mitigated oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant activities by 73.83% to 99.39%. Additionally, Cys-BC reduced available Cd levels in the soil, primarily through enhanced cation exchange rather than changes in pH. Plant responses to Cd stress included increased glutathione reductase activity and elevated cysteine levels, which further contributed to Cd passivation. Microbial diversity in the soil increased, particularly among sulfur- and nitrogen-cycling bacteria such as Deltaproteobacteria and Nitrospira, suggesting their role in mitigating Cd stress. These findings highlight the potential of Cys-BC as an effective agent for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
KASP Markers for Identifying Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Key Varieties Based on Genetic Polymorphisms Revealed by ddRAD-Seq
Authors: Huang Shih-Jie , Ou Jheng-Yang , Lin Yao-Cheng , Chen Jing-Wen , Chen Kai-Yi , Wu Yu-Lin , Hu Chun-Hao , Lee Ju-Yin , Wu Jia-Wei , Hsu Fu-Chiun
Published: December 2024

Variety characterization is crucial in the seed trade, particularly for protecting variety rights. However, the identification of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) varieties, known for their beneficial effects on human health and high processing potential, has traditionally relied on morphological traits due to limited genetic information. To investigate genetic polymorphisms of roselle germplasms and to develop breeder-accessible genotyping tools, this study first phenotyped a roselle collection from diverse geographical origins for the selection of core varieties, and then utilized double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to identify 53,746 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 17 core varieties. Cluster analysis of the SNP data effectively grouped varieties with similar genetic backgrounds. From this genetic information, we selected nine SNPs as a toolkit to simplify core variety discrimination. These SNPs were then converted into breeder-friendly kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, facilitating the classification of an additional 54 roselle accessions. In conclusion, this research contributes novel insights into the genetic relationships among roselle varieties, and establishes a robust framework utilizing ddRAD-seq and KASP markers for improved genetic resource identification and application in breeding programs.
Metal-Dependent Cell Death in Renal Fibrosis: Now and in the Future
Authors: Li Te , Yu Chen
Published: December 2024

Renal fibrosis is a common final pathway underlying nearly almost all progressive kidney diseases. Metal ions are essential trace elements in organisms and are involved in important physiological activities. However, aberrations in intracellular metal ion metabolism may disrupt homeostasis, causing cell death and increasing susceptibility to various diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests a complex association between metal-dependent cell death and renal fibrosis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the specific molecular mechanisms of metal-dependent cell death and their crosstalk, up-to-date evidence supporting their role in renal fibrosis, therapeutic targeting strategies, and research needs, aiming to offer a rationale for future clinical treatment of renal fibrosis.
Exploring the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Nanoceria in Protecting HT22 Cells from Oxidative Stress
Authors: Dong Da-Long , Jin Guang-Zhen
Published: December 2024

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, is a major factor in aging. Antioxidant therapies are considered crucial for delaying aging. Nanoceria, a nanozyme with antioxidant activity, holds significant potential in protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. This research examines the neuroprotective role of nanoceria on HT22 cells subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and explores the associated molecular mechanisms. Our findings indicate that nanoceria enhances bcl-2 expression and significantly reduces Bax expression, resulting in an increased bcl-2/Bax ratio, which confirms its anti-apoptotic effect. Nanoceria boosts catalase expression and suppresses the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, indicating its role in shielding HT22 cells from oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2 through various protective mechanisms. These findings provide crucial experimental evidence for the potential applications of nanoceria in skin anti-aging and the prevention and treatment of other oxidative stress-related diseases.
Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue: One or Different Targets for Treatment of Obesity and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders?
Authors: Kononova Yulia A. , Tuchina Taisiia P. , Babenko Alina Yu.
Published: December 2024

The failure of the fight against obesity makes us turn to new goals in its treatment. Now, brown adipose tissue has attracted attention as a promising target for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose tolerance disorders. Meanwhile, the expansion of our knowledge has led to awareness about two rather different subtypes: classic brown and beige (inducible brown) adipose tissue. These subtypes have different origin, differences in the expression of individual genes but also a lot in common. Both tissues are thermogenic, which means that, by increasing energy consumption, they can improve their balance with excess intake. Both tissues are activated in response to specific inducers (cold, beta-adrenergic receptor activation, certain food and drugs), but beige adipose tissue transdifferentiates back into white adipose tissue after the cessation of inducing action, while classic brown adipose tissue persists, but its activity decreases. In this review, we attempted to understand whether there are differences in the effects of different groups of thermogenesis-affecting drugs on these tissues. The analysis showed that this area of research is rather sparse and requires close attention in further studies.
Loss of Glutathione-S-Transferase Theta 2 (GSTT2) Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Response to BCG Immunotherapy in a Murine Orthotopic Model of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Patwardhan Mugdha V. , Kane Toh Qin , Chiong Edmund , Rahmat Juwita Norasmara , Mahendran Ratha
Published: December 2024

Loss of the glutathione-S-transferases Theta 2 (Gstt2) expression is associated with an improved response to intravesical Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients who receive fewer BCG instillations. To delineate the cause, Gstt2 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) C57Bl/6J mice were implanted with tumors before treatment with BCG or saline. RNA was analyzed via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). BCG induced PD-L1 expression in WT mice bladders, while pro-inflammatory TNF-α was upregulated in KO bladders. ScRNA-seq analysis showed that Gstt2 WT mice bladders had a higher proportion of matrix remodeling fibroblasts, M2 macrophages, and neuronal cells. In KO mice, distinct tumor cell types, activated fibroblasts, and M1 macrophages were enriched in the bladders. In WT bladders, the genes expressed supported tumorigenesis and immunosuppressive PD-L1 expression. In contrast, Gstt2 KO bladders expressed genes involved in inflammation, immune activation, and tumor suppression. An 11-gene signature (Hmga2, Peak 1, Kras, Slc2a1, Ankfn1, Ahnak, Cmss1, Fmo5, Gphn, Plec, Gstt2), derived from the scRNA-seq analysis predicted response in NMIBC patients (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database). In conclusion, our results indicate that patients with WT Gstt2 may benefit from anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition therapy.
Antisolvent 3D Printing of Gene-Activated Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Vasilyev Andrey Vyacheslavovich , Nedorubova Irina Alekseevna , Chernomyrdina Viktoria Olegovna , Meglei Anastasiia Yurevna , Basina Viktoriia Pavlovna , Mironov Anton Vladimirovich , Kuznetsova Valeriya Sergeevna , Sinelnikova Victoria Alexandrovna , Mironova Olga Anatolievna , Trifanova Ekaterina Maksimovna , Babichenko Igor Ivanovich , Popov Vladimir Karpovich , Kulakov Anatoly Alekseevich , Goldshtein Dmitry Vadimovich , Bukharova Tatiana Borisovna
Published: December 2024

The use of 3D-printed gene-activated bone grafts represents a highly promising approach in the fields of dentistry and orthopedics. Bioresorbable poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds, infused with adenoviral constructs that carry osteoinductive factor genes, may provide an effective alternative to existing bone grafts for the reconstruction of extensive bone defects. This study aims to develop and investigate the properties of 3D scaffolds composed of PLGA and adenoviral constructs carrying the BMP2 gene (Ad-BMP2), both in vitro and in vivo. The elastic modulus of the disk-shaped PLGA scaffolds created using a specialized 3D printer was determined by compressive testing in both axial and radial directions. In vitro cytocompatibility was assessed using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The ability of Ad-BMP2 to transduce cells was evaluated. The osteoinductive and biocompatible properties of the scaffolds were also assessed in vivo. The Young’s modulus of the 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds exhibited comparable values in both axial and radial compression directions, measuring 3.4 ± 0.7 MPa for axial and 3.17 ± 1.4 MPa for radial compression. The scaffolds promoted cell adhesion and had no cytotoxic effect on ADSCs. Ad-BMP2 successfully transduced the cells and induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that the 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds had osteoinductive properties, promoting bone formation within the scaffold filaments as well as at the center of a critical calvarial bone defect.
Leveraging Deep Learning for Robust Structural Damage Detection and Classification: A Transfer Learning Approach via CNN
Authors: Duran Burak , Eftekhar Azam Saeed , Sanayei Masoud
Published: December 2024

Transfer learning techniques for structural health monitoring in bridge-type structures are investigated, focusing on model generalizability and domain adaptation challenges. Finite element models of bridge-type structures with varying geometry were simulated using the OpenSeesPy platform. Different levels of damage states were introduced at the midspans of these models, and Gaussian-based load time histories were applied at mid-span for dynamic time-history analysis to calculate acceleration data. Then, this acceleration time-history series was transformed into grayscale images, serving as inputs for a Convolutional Neural Network developed to detect and classify structural damage states. Initially, it was trained and tested on datasets derived from a Single-Source Domain structure, achieving perfect accuracy (1.0) in a ten-label multi-class classification task. However, this accuracy significantly decreased when the model was sequentially tested on structures with different geometry without retraining. To address this challenge, it is proposed that transfer learning be employed via feature extraction and joint training. The model showed a reduction in accuracy percentage when adapting from a Single-Source Domain to Multiple-Target Domains, revealing potential issues with non-homogeneous data distribution and catastrophic forgetting. Conversely, joint training, which involves training on all datasets except the specific Target Domain, generated a generalized network that effectively mitigated these issues and maintained high accuracy in predicting unseen class labels. This study highlights the integration of simulation data into the Deep Learning-based SHM framework, demonstrating that a generalized model created via Joint Learning utilizing FEM can potentially reduce the consequences of modeling errors and operational uncertainties unavoidable in real-world applications.
Predictors of the Need for Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement with a Biological Prosthesis and the Effect on Long-Term Survival
Authors: Deblier Ivo , Dossche Karl , Vanermen Anthony , Mistiaen Wilhelm
Published: December 2024

The need for a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after surgical aortic valve implantation (SAVR) is a recognized postoperative complication, with potentially long-term reduced survival. From 1987 to 2017, 2500 consecutive patients underwent SAVR with a biological valve with or without concomitant procedures such as CABG or mitral valve repair. Mechanical valves or valves in another position were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The need for PPM implantation was documented in 2.7% of the cases. Patients with a postoperative PPM were older and had higher risk scores and a higher comorbid burden. Its predictors were a prior SAVR (odds ratio of 5.38, p < 0.001), use of a Perceval valve (3.94, p = 0.008), prior AV block 1–2 (2.86, p = 0.008), and pulmonary hypertension (2.09, p = 0.017). The need for PPM implantation was associated with an increased need for blood products, a prolonged stay in the ICU, and an increased 30-day mortality (2.5% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.005). The median survival decreased from 117 (114–120) to 90 (74–105) months (p < 0.001). The implantation had no significant effect on the freedom of congestive heart failure. The need for a PPM implant is not a benign event but might be a marker for a more severe underlying disease. Improving surgical techniques, especially with the Perceval rapid deployment valve, might decrease the need for a PPM implant.
Five-Year Comparison Results Between Clinically Severely Affected Tetralogy-of-Fallot Patients Initially Treated by Right Ventricular Outflow Stenting and Pink-Fallot Patients Undergoing Single-Step Correction
Authors: Lyapin Anton Alexandrovich , Lyapina Irina Nikolaevna , Rumiantseva Alexandra Alexandrovna , Tarasov Roman Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The purpose: Evaluation of the short-term and long-term results of a phased correction of the tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in comparison with a one-stage total correction (TC) of the defect. Materials and methods: Two groups of patients with classical ToF were formed. Group 1 (n = 25; median age = 72 days) was initially represented by children with ToF with a more severe clinical status (median weight = 3.6 kg, with more pronounced cyanosis and with comorbidities). The children of group 1 underwent the first stage of RVOT stenting and the second stage of TC of ToF. Group 2 (n = 25) was represented by older patients, with a higher body weight and SpO2 level, and they underwent a single-stage TC of the defect. Results: The application of a step-by-step ToF correction approach with RVOT stenting in low-weight newborns with severe hypoxemia demonstrated an equivalent effect on SpO2 dynamics—reverse remodeling of the heart—when compared with a less severe cohort of patients who underwent simultaneous TC of classical ToF. After RVOT stenting in children from group 1, the median SpO2 increased from 80% to 94.5%, the median Z value of the pulmonary artery trunk decreased from −3.46 mm to −2.54 mm, and the median index of end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle decreased from 23.07 mm/m2 to 57.6 mL/m2. TC of ToF in children from group 1 with a phased strategy of correction of the defect was no less successful than in children who underwent simultaneous TC. In the long-term follow-up period after TC of ToF, children from both groups, who were obviously unequal in their initial status, were practically comparable in clinical characteristics, exhibiting features of cardiac remodeling and achieving endpoints. And there were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of reaching the endpoints such as re-operations, cerebrovascular events, and death during the annual, three-year, and five-year follow-up period. Conclusions: The strategy of RVOT stenting followed by TC of ToF in a severe group of children demonstrated comparable results compared with the results of simultaneous TC of ToF in a more stable group of patients during the in-hospital, annual, three-year, and five-year follow-up periods.
Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Is Feasible and Reliable for Proximal Coronary Segment Interpretation in Patients with Elevated Body Mass Index
Authors: Salib Anthony , Hay Michael , Muthalaly Rahul , Abrahams Timothy , Sultana Nushrat , Kanna Raj , Rao Ravi , Abe Akira , Bastwrous John , Aldous Emma , Tu Huong , Paleri Sarang , Vasanthakumar Sheran , Patel Alisha , Nandurkar Rhea , Brown Adam , Lin Andrew , Nerlekar Nitesh
Published: December 2024

Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is under-utilised in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in obese patients due to concerns about non-evaluable testing. We hypothesise that these concerns are predominantly related to smaller and branch coronary vessels, and CTCA remains adequate for proximal segment stenosis interpretation, which has significant clinical implications. This retrospective cohort study, on consecutive patients referred for CTCA for suspected CAD, grouped patients by body mass index. A 4-point Likert scale assessed image quality, with any poorly visualised segment at the per-patient level resulting in the CTCA being subsequently analysed for proximal coronary artery segment evaluability. Of the 703 patients, 93.5% of the studies were fully evaluable. Patients with a BMI ≥ 40, diabetic patients, and patients with an elevated acquisition heart rate were associated with suboptimal studies. Of the 46 suboptimal studies, 163/182 (90%) of proximal segments were fully evaluable. Non-evaluable segments were derived from seven patients (one with a BMI ≥ 40). Reasons for proximal segment non-evaluability were predominantly due to calcific blooming (12/19 segments). While CTCA may be less reliable for distal and side-branch artery evaluation in obese patients, it remains highly evaluable for stenosis severity of the proximal main coronary segments, which carries prognostic significance. It may therefore be considered a suitable non-invasive anatomic test for patients, regardless of BMI.
The Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the CO2 Fluxes Across the Sea–Air Interface in the Artificial Reefs Area of Sanheng Island
Authors: Zhu Mingdong , Wang Kai , Zhao Xu , Dai Linwei , Chen Lei , Zhou Hanyu
Published: December 2024

In order to study the impact of artificial reef construction on marine carbon sinks, a one-year monitoring and analysis were carried out in the Sanheng artificial reef areas of Shengsi Island. The main parameters observed were sea surface temperature, salinity, pH, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2w) in the surface water and the CO2 flux (FCO2) across the sea–air interface were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the annual range of surface water pCO2w was 34.48~501.53 μatm, and the partial pressure of CO2 decreases in the following order: winter, spring, autumn, summer. The FCO2 was significantly negatively correlated with temperature and significantly positively correlated with salinity and TA. The FCO2 in the four seasons decreases in the following order: winter, spring, autumn, summer. The annual sea–air flux in the survey area ranged from −108.79 to 41.74 mmol m−2 d−1. In winter, both the reef area and the control area displayed positive FCO2 values, indicating a source of CO2, while in the other three seasons, CO2 flux values were negative, indicating an overall CO2 sink. Additionally, in autumn, the reef area exhibited a stronger CO2 sink than the control area. The results indicated that the construction of artificial reefs has a certain carbon sink effect, with no significant difference in effectiveness between different artificial reef construction models.
Numerical Simulation of a Marine Landslide in Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Using L-GSM
Authors: Hui Da , Wang Guangyao , Huang Yilin , Zhu Guixun , Li Wenming
Published: December 2024

The marine gas hydrates within seabed sediments and their subsequent extraction may cause landslides. Predicting landslides in hydrate-bearing sediments is particularly challenging due to the intricate nature of the marine environment. To address this issue, we have developed a Lagrangian gradient smoothing method (L-GSM) based on gradient smoothing techniques. This approach effectively eliminates the tensile instability inherent in the original Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method used for modeling solid flow. Then, we applied the L-GSM to investigate the mechanics of hydrate-bearing sediments by integrating a constitutive equation specific to these sediments, which were modeled based on the artificial methane-hydrate-bearing sediment. The robustness and precision of the L-GSM were verified through various numerical examples. Furthermore, we modeled the landslides associated with hydrate-bearing sediments under varying hydrate saturation levels. The numerical findings revealed that hydrate saturation significantly affects the dynamics of landslide movement. These satisfactory results suggest that the L-GSM has the potential to be applied to geotechnical problems associated with hydrate-bearing sediment.
Seabed Liquefaction Risk Assessment Based on Wave Spectrum Characteristics: A Case Study of the Yellow River Subaqueous Delta, China
Authors: Sun Hongan , Xu Jishang , Tian Zhenhuan , Qiao Lulu , Luan Zhixing , Zhang Yaxin , Zhang Shaotong , Liu Xingmin , Li Guangxue
Published: December 2024

Seabed liquefaction induced by wave loading poses considerable risks to marine structures and requires careful consideration in marine engineering design and construction. Traditional methods relying on statistical wave parameters for analyzing random waves often underestimate the potential for seabed liquefaction. To address this underestimation, the present study employs field observations and numerical simulations to examine wave characteristics and liquefaction distribution across various wave return periods in the Chengdao Sea area of the Yellow River subaqueous delta. The research results indicated that the wave decay phase exhibited a higher liquefaction potential than the growth phase, primarily because of the prevalence of low-frequency swell waves. The China Hydrological Code Spectrum (CHC Spectrum) effectively captured the wave characteristics in the study area, with parameterization grounded in measured data. The poro-elastic wave–sediment interaction model further elucidated the liquefaction distribution under extreme wave conditions, revealing a maximum liquefaction depth exceeding 3 m and prominent liquefaction zones at water depths of 5–15 m. Notably, seabed properties emerged as a critical factor for liquefaction and overshadowed water depth, with non-liquefaction zones occurring at water depths of less than 15 m at high clay content, highlighting the general liquefaction risk of silty seabed. This study enhances understanding of the seabed liquefaction process and offers valuable insights into engineering safety.
A Study on the Extraction of Satellite Image Information for Two Types of Coastal Fishery Facility Fish Cages and Rafts Influenced by Clouds and Vessels
Authors: Chen Ao , Yu Jialu , Zhang Junbo , Yu Gangyi , Wan Rong
Published: December 2024

Research on the extraction of satellite information for the areas of coastal fish cages and rafts is important to quickly grasp the pattern and structure of the coastal fishery aquaculture industry. This study proposes a multi-feature and rule-based object-oriented image classification (MROIC) model, integrating spatial-spectral enhancement techniques with object-based image analysis classification methods. The MROIC model enhances spectral information by constructing ratio bands alongside principal component analysis, subsequently employing rule sets, edge detection algorithms, and comprehensive algorithmic merging techniques. It is applicable to satellite image classification tasks in complex environments, including influence of clouds and vessels. The information of fish cage and raft facilities is extracted via the MROIC model on the southwest coast of Xiapu County, Fujian Province, as an example. The results showed that the MROIC model attained an average total classification accuracy of 90.43% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.80. Extracting the area of fisheries facilities under the influence of clouds and vessels can provide better extraction accuracy and lower omission error. The MROIC model proposed in this study demonstrates high extraction accuracy and strong applicability, offering technical support for government planning in fishery facility areas and aiding in the risk assessment and management efficiency of fishery facility insurance.
Research on the Differential Model-Free Adaptive Mooring Control Method for Uncrewed Wave Gliders
Authors: Shi Jian , Xu Jiangning , Wei Tianyu , Liao Yulei , Pan Kaiwen , Jiang Min , Wu Xiao
Published: December 2024

Uncrewed Wave Gliders (UWGs) are capable of harnessing energy from ocean waves and photovoltaic sources to enable long-duration voyages. Since the float’s yaw motion relies on the rudder of the submersible for control, this introduces many unknown nonlinear and time-delay factors into the control system. Moreover, the susceptibility of UWGs to waves influences results in limited maneuverability and necessitates energy efficiency considerations, complicating the task of following a designated path to a specific point for observations. To address these challenges, this paper first introduces a differential model-free adaptive control (DMFAC) approach for managing the float’s heading control, along with a proof of its stability. Furthermore, an improved attractive force line-of-sight (IAFLOS) guidance strategy for overall mooring control is proposed. The integration of the DMFAC heading controller and the IAFLOS strategy forms a comprehensive mooring control system, which is validated through simulation studies in typical maritime conditions. This control system ensures that, while considering energy conservation strategies, the distance between the wave glider and the mooring point remains within 20 m during mooring.
Evaluation of Lipid Changes During the Drying Process of Cordyceps sinensis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-Based Lipidomics Technique
Authors: Xiao Mengjun , Wang Tao , Tang Chuyu , He Min , Li Yuling , Li Xiuzhang
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive analysis of the lipid content in Cordyceps sinensis samples is essential for optimizing their effective use. Understanding the lipid profile can significantly enhance the application of this valuable fungus across various fields, including nutrition and medicine. However, to date, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of different drying methods on the quality of lipids present in Cordyceps sinensis. In this study, we employed a broadly targeted lipidomic strategy to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the lipid composition in Cordyceps sinensis subjected to various drying methods. A comprehensive analysis identified a total of 765 distinct lipid species from fresh Cordyceps sinensis (FC), vacuum-freeze-dried Cordyceps sinensis (VG), oven-dried Cordyceps sinensis (OG), and air-dried Cordyceps sinensis (AG). Among these, glycerophospholipids (GP) were the most abundant, followed by glycerides (GL) and sphingolipids (SP). In this study, a total of 659 lipids demonstrated statistically significant differences, as indicated by a p-value (p) < 1. Among these lipids, triglycerides (TG) exhibited the highest concentration, followed by several others, including ceramide-ascorbic acid (Cer-AS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylserine (PS). OG was the fastest drying method; however, PCA and OPLS-DA analyses indicated that the most significant changes in the lipids of Cordyceps sinensis were observed under the OG method. Specifically, 517 differentially accumulated lipids were significantly down-regulated, while only 10 lipids were significantly up-regulated. This disparity may be attributed to the degradation and oxidation of lipids. The metabolic pathways of glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and cholesterol are critical during the drying process of Cordyceps sinensis. This study provides valuable insights that can enhance quality control and offer guidelines for the appropriate storage of this medicinal fungus.
Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Alcázar-Blanco Antonio Carlos , Rangel-Preciado José Francisco , Portillo-Santos Fiama
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to carry out an analysis of the intellectual structure of the introduction of AI into finance, in the period from 1995 to 2023, using SciMAT v.1.1.04 software. The results indicate how research on the incorporation of AI in finance has grown significantly, which shows the evolution and importance of this area of research. Eight main topics were obtained in this area: bank, prediction, impact, decision, valuesstock, genetic algorithm, big data analysis, and social data analysis. This study shows us how the incorporation of AI can strongly support the analysis of different financial situations such as decision making or the prediction of movements.
New Polymer–Carbon Lustrous Carbon Precursor in Synthetic Molding Sands—Part I: Studies on the Properties of Sands
Authors: Grabowska Beata , Bobrowski Artur , Drożyński Dariusz , Kwaśniewska-Królikowska Dominika , Pilch-Pitera Barbara , Pojnar Katarzyna , Nowak Daniel
Published: December 2024

In the first part of this publication, selected technological and strength properties of synthetic molding sand bound with sodium bentonite with the addition of a new lustrous carbon carrier (Rcw, Rmw, Rk, Wf, Pw, Z, PD, PS, SLS, ρ0) were determined. The introduction of polyethylene as a substitute for hydrocarbon resin, and shungite as a replacement for coal dust, demonstrated the achievement of an optimal molding sand composition for practical use in casting technology. The sand containing a new lustrous carbon carrier (SH/PE) demonstrates the highest permeability and flowability. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it should be concluded that to achieve the desired level of the measured properties in the sand with the mixture of precursors SH/PE, the moisture content should be in the range of 1.5% to 1.7%.
On Lp-Boundedness Properties and Parseval–Goldstein-Type Theorems for a Lebedev-Type Index Transform
Authors: Negrín Emilio R. , Maan Jeetendrasingh
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates Parseval–Goldstein-type relations for a Lebedev-type index transform and examines its behavior in weighted Lebesgue spaces. Key results on Lp-boundedness establish conditions that support these relations. This contributes to understanding the functional framework of Lebedev-type index transforms in mathematical analysis.
The Blow-Up of Solutions to the Cauchy Problem of Semilinear Tricomi Equations with Damping and Mass Terms
Authors: Ming Sen , Fan Xiongmei , Wu Xiao
Published: December 2024

This paper is related to the blow-up results of solutions to the Cauchy problem of semilinear generalized Tricomi equations, which contain a scale-invariant damping term and a mass term. The nonlinear term is of the power type in the case of a single equation, and of the power type and combined type in the case of a coupled system. The upper bound estimate for the lifespan of the solution to the problem with a power-type nonlinear term is obtained by applying the test function method. The lifespan estimates of solutions to the coupled system with power nonlinearities and combined nonlinearities are derived using the iteration method. It is worth pointing out that the time-dependent coefficients of the damping term and mass term determine competition between the Strauss critical exponent and Fujita critical exponent.
Dimensionality Reduction Nonlinear Partial Least Squares Method for Quality-Oriented Fault Detection
Authors: Yuan Jie , Ma Hao , Wang Yan
Published: December 2024

Unlike traditional fault detection methods, quality-oriented fault detection further classifies the types of faults into quality-related and non-quality-related faults. Therefore, quality-oriented fault detection has attracted significant attention in industrial applications due to its ability to provide more comprehensive fault information. Various approaches have been presented to cope with this challenge. Nevertheless, these approaches often struggle to effectively dissect the process variable space, leading to limitations in quality-oriented fault detection. Motivated by this background, this study introduces a kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)-based quality-oriented partial least squares method, offering a more suitable decomposition and a more straightforward monitoring logic. In contrast to the standard kernel partial least squares method, the proposed method employs the KPCA method to capture the nonlinear characteristics inherent in the original process variable space, subsequently reducing its dimensionality to yield the kernel principal component space, which not only encapsulates the nonlinear characteristics of the original process variable space but also mitigates noise and unknown interferences in the data, thereby achieving dimensionality reduction. On this basis, an orthogonal decomposition of the kernel principal component space is achieved using generalized singular value decomposition technology of the load matrices of the kernel principal component and quality variable spaces, significantly enhancing monitoring performance. Finally, the validity and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated through two case studies.
Micro, Small or Medium, New or Old—Are There Differences? Testing Business-Specific Difficulties
Authors: Tudose Mihaela Brîndușa , Ionesi Savin Dorin , Dulgheriu Ionuț , Buhu Liliana , Rusu Valentina Diana
Published: December 2024

The use of various mathematical and statistical methods for modelling economic processes and phenomena requires compliance with certain conditions/rules. To formulate general conclusions or predictions, in economic research, large databases are often used, related to more or less homogeneous samples, without taking into account the spatial or structural differences of the analysed processes or phenomena. Starting from the results of previous research focused on the identification and evaluation of difficulties in the business environment, the present study is based on the principles of mathematical induction, with the objective of testing these results, in order to assess whether the conclusions formulated are valid for a limited number of cases. Based on the primary data collected and tested (using Cronbach alpha, Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett tests) it was shown that the difficulties selected for evaluation are present in the analysed business environment. Then, factor analysis was applied to identify the most important groups of factors, which bring together one or more difficulties specific to the analysed population. After the validation of the factorial model and after a preliminary test of the normality of the variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess whether, at the level of independent groups (constructed on the basis of three dichotomous variables), the difficulties identified are common or show significant differences. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the present study indicates that the difficulties analysed affect more new businesses (recently established), which have fewer employees and are classified as micro-enterprises.
Modifications and Applications of Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Materials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Ma Weimin , Yu Liang , Kang Pei , Chu Zhiyun , Li Yingxuan
Published: December 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a category of crystalline materials formed by the combination of metal ions or clusters with organic linkers, which have emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of photocatalysis. Owing to their distinctive characteristics, including structural diversity and configurations, significant porosity, and an extensive specific surface area, they provide a flexible foundation for various potential applications in photocatalysis. In recent years, researchers have tackled many issues in the MOF-based photocatalytic yield. However, limited light adsorption regions, lack of active sites and active species, and insufficient efficiency of photogenerated charge carrier separation substantially hinder the photocatalytic performance. In this review, we summarized the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance and recent developments achieved in MOF and MOF-based photocatalysis, including water splitting, CO2 conversion, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, and photocatalytic nitrogen fixation into ammonia. In conclusion, the existing challenges and prospective advancements in MOF-based photocatalysis are also discussed.
Organic Sunscreens—Is Their Placenta Permeability the Only Issue Associated with Exposure During Pregnancy? In Silico Studies of Sunscreens’ Placenta Permeability and Interactions with Selected Placental Enzymes
Authors: Sobańska Anna W. , Sobański Andrzej M.
Published: December 2024

One of the functions of placenta is to protect the fetus against harmful xenobiotics. Protective mechanisms of placenta are based on enzymes, e.g., antioxidant enzymes from the glutathione S-transferases group (GST) or human N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). Many organic sunscreens are known to cross biological barriers—they are detected in mother’s milk, semen, umbilical cord blood or placental tissues. Some organic sunscreens are able to cross the placenta and to interfere with fetal development; they are known or suspected endocrine disruptors or neurotoxins. In this study, 16 organic sunscreens were investigated in the context of their placenta permeability and interactions with gluthatione S-transferase and human N-acetyltransferase 2 enzymes present in the human placenta. Binary permeability models based on discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks proved that the majority of studied compounds are likely to cross the placenta by passive diffusion. Molecular docking analysis suggested that some sunscreens show stronger affinity for glutathione S-transferase and human N-acetyltransferase 2 that native ligands (glutathione and Coenzyme A for GST and NAT2, respectively)—it is therefore possible that they are able to reduce the enzyme’s protective activity. It was established that sunscreens bind to the studied enzymes mainly by alkyl, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, π-π, π-alkyl and π-sulfur interactions. To conclude, sunscreens may become stressors affecting humans by different mechanisms and at different stages of development.
First Insights into the Formation of Metal Soaps in Alkyd-Based Paints: A Proof-of-Concept Investigation Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Poli Tommaso , Haaf Michael P. , Piccirillo Anna , Costa Abby P. , Craig Rebecca L. , Pozzi Federica
Published: December 2024

The formation of metal soaps or carboxylates in oil paintings is a widely studied topic. Expanding upon the extant research on the subject, this work investigates the formation of metal soaps as pertaining to alkyd-based media. Especially popular in modern and contemporary art, alkyd paints are complex commercial formulations mainly containing a polyester backbone obtained by the condensation of glycerol and phthalic acids, where the third free alcoholic function is esterified with a blend of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The formulation may also contain cross-linking agents, dries, and catalysts. Compared to drying oils, alkyd systems have different stability and mobility, likely prompting different kinetics in the formation of metal soaps. This work explores the formation of metal carboxylates in mock-up paints prepared as mixtures of an alkyd binder with potassium hydroxide and three commonly used pigments (smalt, zinc white, and lead white) at ambient conditions and upon artificial aging. As a second step, samples from two contemporary works by Italian artists Franco Garelli and Luciano Minguzzi were investigated for comparison. The results confirm the formation of metal soaps in both mock-up and real paints, paving the way for future research, with significant implications especially for the conservation of modern and contemporary artworks.
A Simple and Rapid “Turn-On” Fluorescent Probe Based on Binuclear Schiff Base for Zn2+ and Its Application in Cell Imaging and Test Strips
Authors: Cheng Jinghui , Li Yi , Zhu Zhiye , Guan Huijuan , Zhai Jinsong , Xiang Yibing , Wang Man
Published: December 2024

A series of colorful binuclear Schiff bases derived from the different diamine bridges including 1,2- ethylenediamine (bis-Et-SA, bis-Et-4-NEt2, bis-Et-5-NO2, bis-Et-Naph), 1,2-phenylenediamine (bis-Ph-SA, bis-Ph-4-NEt2, bis-Ph-5-NO2, bis-Ph-Naph), dicyano-1,2-ethenediamine (bis-CN-SA, bis-CN-4-NEt2, bis-CN-5-NO2, bis-CN-Naph) have been designed and prepared. The optical properties of these binuclear Schiff base ligands were fully determined by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and time-dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The inclusion of D-A systems and/or π-extended systems in these binuclear Schiff base ligands not only enables adjustable RGB light absorption and emission spectra (300~700 nm) but also yields high fluorescence quantum efficiencies of up to 0.84 in MeCN solution. Then, with the ESIPT (excited-state intramolecular proton transfer) property, fluorescence analysis showed that the probe bis-Et-SA and bis-Ph-SA could recognize Zn2+ via the “turn on” mode in the MeCN solution. During the detection process, bis-Et-SA and bis-Ph-SA demonstrate rapid response and high selectivity upon the addition of Zn2+. The coordination of Zn2+ with the oxygen atom and Schiff base nitrogen atom in a tetrahedral geometry is confirmed by Job’s plot, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the paper test and Hela cells were successfully carried out to detect Zn2+. Moreover, the sensitivity of bis-Et-SA and bis-Ph-SA is much better than that of those Schiff base ligands containing only one chelating unit [O^N^N^O].
Impact of Salinity Gradients on Seed Germination, Establishment, and Growth of Two Dominant Mangrove Species Along the Red Sea Coastline
Authors: Kimera Fahad , Sobhi Basma , Omara Mostafa , Sewilam Hani
Published: December 2024

Background: Mangroves are one of the key nature-based solutions that mitigate climate change impacts. Even though they are halophytic in nature, seedlings are vulnerable to high salinity for their establishment. This study investigated the effects of different salinities on seedling growth and mineral element composition of two dominant species (Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata). Methods: The study followed a randomized complete block design, i.e., main treatments (growing environment in greenhouse (GH) or net house (NH)) and four sub-treatments under 21 replicates, i.e., irrigation with 100% freshwater (0.4%o—T1), 100% saline water (35%o—T2), 50% saline water and 50% freshwater (18%o—T3), and brine water (60%o—T4). Results: Results revealed that A. marina seeds can optimally germinate and survive well reaching 80% in NH under T1. However, T2 and T4 seedlings had the lowest survival. Mineral element analysis showed that A. marina grown under NH recorded higher levels of Ca, Mg, and K which increased with increasing levels of salinity. The opposite was true with Na levels. R. mucronata on the other hand, recorded completely opposite findings with T1 seedlings reaching 95% in the greenhouse while T3 reached almost 60%. Conclusions: It can be concluded that mangrove species can optimally germinate and grow in both freshwater and 50% saline water, but growth reduction occurs with seawater and complete growth inhibition with brine water.