bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portugal e Brasil: entre violas e práticas socioculturais no contexto transatlântico
Authors: Ruas José Jarbas
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo ressaltar aspectos pertinentes às práticas socioculturais elementares a espacialidade e temporalidade entre Brasil e Portugal durante a colonização.  Prestígio e depreciação são personagens importantes que protagonizam a história do instrumento. As práticas musicais, com estreitamento ao cotidiano musical vivenciado pela viola em ambas as localidades, são estudadas aqui com o objetivo de observar a manutenção de hábitos entre tais territorialidades que nos permitem propor à desconstrução das limitações fronteiriças transatlânticas dadas as transplantações de hábitos, costumes, valores e visões de mundo entre as partes.
A busca pelos aspectos universais da moda-de-viola
Authors: Faustino Jean Carlo
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é o de apresentar o histórico de uma busca pelos aspectos universais da moda-de-viola, a qual coincide com a realização de uma pesquisa de pós-doutoramento relacionada especificamente com este tema. Esta pesquisa, que foi realizada entre julho de 2015 e julho de 2016, tinha o objetivo inicial de compreender os aspectos universais da moda-de-viola através da análise das narrativas literárias de suas letras. No entanto, à medida que a pesquisa foi se desenvolvendo, o enfoque deixou de ser as narrativas das letras e converteu-se numa reflexão sobre a estrutura geral da sua forma musical, isto é, daqueles elementos musicais que normalmente são considerados pelos seus compositores para se obter legitimidade junto ao seu público ouvinte. A pesquisa em questão, no entanto, não ignora os aspectos regionais e mesmo históricos deste gênero musical. Pelo contrário, foi justamente a compreensão desses aspectos regionais, analisados ao longo de uma pesquisa de doutorado concluída em 2014, que suscitou esta reflexão complementar que aqui se apresenta.
Raspagens das Palhetas por Oboístas Brasileiros - Um Estudo dos ajustes nas palhetas de oboé sob ação de agentes climáticos externos
Authors: Gisiger Joel
Published: May 2019

A presente pesquisa visa observar e identificar os ajustes propostos por oboístas brasileiros em palhetas de oboé preparadas para a performance e que sofrem alterações devido a ação da umidade do ar, temperatura do ambiente e altitude relativa ao nível do mar. Também, investigou-se possíveis tendências nas preferências de sonoridade e flexibilidade dos oboístas entrevistados, procurando compreender se existe algum fator que ligue tais tendências com os tipos de ajustes propostos. Com a finalidade de direcionar a pesquisa a um foco de interesse comum aos entrevistados, resumiu-se as diferentes escolas de raspado em duas, Escola Alemã e Escola Americana, tendo em vista que estas escolas exercem grande influência nos mais diversos estilos de raspagem. Um fenômeno notório brasileiro também foi investigado, que é a convivência pacífica das diferentes escolas dentro das orquestras. Como parte dos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizado um breve levantamento bibliográfico de autores discorrendo sobre raspagens de palhetas de oboé, com a finalidade de compreender o que se considera uma palheta pronta para performance e o que a caracteriza. Utilizou-se também a ferramenta de pesquisas on-line “survey mokey” para uma investigação com oboístas brasileiros, mediante a observação das tendências de sonoridade, flexibilidade e ajustes da palheta. Após a análise dos dados, houve uma listagem graduada de ajustes classificada pelos oboístas brasileiros dentro de suas escolas de raspagem. Concluiu-se haver características muito semelhantes nas preferências de sonoridade, flexibilidade e ajustes, apontando uma provável causa que aproxima as diferentes escolas de oboé em território nacional.
Waterbirds from the mudflats of Thane Creek, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India: a review of distribution records from India
Authors: Adhikari Omkar Dilip
Published: May 2019

Thane creek is one of the coastal and marine protected sites located in Mumbai which declared as a sanctuary recently in 2015.  Creek region provides diverse habitat to birds for feeding, nesting and resting, making it a potential bird watching sight for ornithologists and enthusiasts. This article presents some interesting observations of waterbird species recorded from mudflats of Thane creek near Bhandup Pumping Station, Mumbai and also reviewed their previous records from various states of India.
What is in a name? The birthright of Oxyopes nilgiricus Sherriffs, 1955 (Araneae: Oxyopidae)
Authors: Caleb John T.D.
Published: May 2019

The species, Oxyopes nilgiricus Sherriffs, 1955 was overlooked and left out from the Indian checklists beginning from Tikader (1987), Siliwal, Molur & Biswas (2005), Sebastian & Peter (2009) to Keswani, Hadole & Rajoria (2012). It is astounding that a species bearing in its name, its origin, to have been missing from the lists for about 63 years.
Recent photographic records of Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar
Authors: Lin Naing , Platt Steven G.
Published: May 2019

The distribution of the Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Carnivora: Felidae) in Myanmar remains poorly known owing to a paucity of verifiable field records.  We here present two recent photographic records that confirm the occurrence of the Fishing Cat in the Ayeyarwady Delta of southern Myanmar.  Our photographic records together with other reports and the availability of suitable wetland habitat suggest that the Ayeyarwady Delta is globally important for Fishing Cat conservation. Deforestation, driven largely by agriculture, however, is of concern for the future survival of the Fishing Cat in Myanmar.  Additional surveys are warranted to further resolve the distribution of the Fishing Cat in Myanmar.
Processes and Timescales in Onset and Withdrawal of “Aquaplanet Monsoons”
Authors: Geen Ruth , Lambert F. Hugo , Vallis Geoffrey K.
Published: May 2019

Aquaplanets with low-heat-capacity slab-ocean boundary conditions can exhibit rapid changes in the regime of the overturning circulation over the seasonal cycle, which have been connected to the onset of Earth’s monsoons. In spring, as the ITCZ migrates off the equator, it jumps poleward and a sudden transition occurs from an eddy-driven, equinoctial regime with two weak Hadley cells, to a near-angular-momentum-conserving, solstitial regime with a strong, cross-equatorial winter-hemisphere cell. Here, the controls on the transition latitude and rate are explored in idealized moist aquaplanet simulations. It is found that the transition remains rapid relative to the solar forcing when year length and slab-ocean heat capacity are varied, and, at Earth’s rotation rate, always occurs when the ITCZ reaches approximately 7°. This transition latitude is, however, found to scale inversely with rotation rate. Interestingly, the transition rate varies nonmonotonically with rotation, with a maximum at Earth’s rotation rate, suggesting that Earth may be particularly disposed to a fast monsoon onset. The fast transition relates to feedbacks in both the atmosphere and the slab ocean. In particular, an evaporative feedback between the lower-level branch of the overturning circulation and the surface temperature is identified. This accelerates monsoon onset and slows withdrawal. Last, comparing eddy-permitting and axisymmetric experiments shows that, in contrast with results from dry models, in this fully moist model the presence of eddies slows the migration of the ITCZ between hemispheres.
Associations between Case Fatality Rates and Self-Reported Fear of Neoplasms and Circulatory Diseases
Authors: Fulawka Kamil , Lenda Dominik , Traczyk Jakub
Published: May 2019

Background. According to decision by sampling theory, people store relative frequencies of events in memory, and these values constitute subjective representations of events. Because fear is a natural response to the threat of death, we hypothesized that case fatality rate (CFR) statistics, which represent how deadly a disease is, would be positively correlated with self-reported fear ratings of neoplasms and circulatory diseases. Methods. Participants ( N = 239) were asked to rate various neoplasms and circulatory diseases (110 diseases in total) on fear, typicality, and disgust scales (e.g., 1 = no fear, 10 = intense fear). They also estimated mortality and morbidity rates for the same set of diseases. Finally, they completed the Berlin Numeracy Test. CFRs were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) database. The association between relative CFR and fear ratings was tested using correlation analyses and a multilevel linear model with Bayesian inference techniques. Results. We found that fear ratings were related to relative CFRs ( r = 0.42, [0.25, 0.56], BF = 3511). This effect was present on aggregate and, to some extent, on individual levels, even after controlling for other ratings, morbidity rate, participants’ estimates of mortality and morbidity statistics, numeracy, sex, age, and knowledge of WHO statistics. Also, women rated neoplasms as more frightening than circulatory diseases, and typicality ratings were related to morbidity rates. Limitations. Limited number of diagnostic entities and categories, lack of control over the technicality of disease names and participants’ experience of diseases, and study sample (83% young women). Conclusions. We present initial evidence that implicit acquisition of CFRs of diseases through everyday experience may be related to the intensity of fear reactions to them.
Surgical management of a cervical intramedullary hemangioblastoma presenting with intracystic hemorrhage by hemi-semi-laminectomy via a posterior approach
Authors: Li Jia , Jiang Xiao-Hang , Chen Ai-Qin , Ying Guang-Yu , Shen Fang , Zhu Yong-Jian
Published: May 2019

Background and Importance

Cervical spinal cord hemangioblastoma with intracystic hemorrhage is a rare entity and presents a challenge for clinicians with regard to its timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Case Presentation

A 35-year-old man presented with sudden-onset acute and progressive neck pain and severe radicular pain in his left upper limb. Motor weakness and numbness in the left upper and lower limbs with gait ataxia followed 2 days later. His initial diagnosis was acute myelitis, and he was treated with glucocorticoids for 2 weeks. Follow-up contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a spinal cystic hemangioblastoma with intracystic hemorrhage at the C3-4 level. The tumor was totally removed by minimally invasive unilateral hemi-semi-laminectomy via a posterior transcystic approach. The postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative MRI revealed no residual tumor. The patient showed full neurological recovery at the 1.5-year follow-up, and computed tomography with a volume-rendering technique showed regrowth of the left C3 lamina.

Conclusion

Close MRI follow-up and thin-section imaging are invaluable for the timely diagnosis of spinal hemangioblastoma with intracystic hemorrhage, which was safely removed via minimally invasive microsurgery in the present case.
Ligand-independent activation of the P2X7 receptor by Hsp90 inhibition stimulates motor neuron apoptosis
Authors: Strayer Amy L , Dennys-Rivers Cassandra N , Ricart Karina C , Bae Narae , Beckman Joseph S , Franco Maria Clara , Estevez Alvaro G
Published: May 2019

Activation of the extracellular ATP ionotropic receptor P2X7 stimulates motor neuron apoptosis, whereas its inhibition in cell and animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be protective. These observations suggest that P2X7 receptor activation is relevant to motor neuron disease and that it could be targeted for therapeutic development. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an integral regulatory component of the P2X7 receptor complex, antagonizing ligand-induced receptor activation. Here, we show that the repressive activity of Hsp90 on P2X7 receptor activation in primary motor neurons is highly sensitive to inhibition. Primary motor neurons in culture are 100-fold more sensitive to Hsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin than other neuronal populations. Pharmacological inhibition and down-regulation of the P2X7 receptor prevented motor neuron apoptosis triggered by Hsp90 inhibition, which occurred in the absence of extracellular ATP. These observations suggest that inhibition of a seemingly motor neuron specific pool of Hsp90 leads to ligand independent activation of P2X7 receptor and motor neuron death. Downstream of Hsp90 inhibition, P2X7 receptor activated the phosphatase and tensin homolog (TPEN), which in turn suppressed the pro-survival phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, leading to Fas-dependent motor neuron apoptosis. Conditions altering the interaction between P2X7 receptor and Hsp90, such as recruitment of Hsp90 to other subcellular compartments under stress conditions, or nitration following oxidative stress can induce motor neuron death. These findings may have broad implications in neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which activation of P2X7 receptor may be involved in both autonomous and non-autonomous motor neurons death.

Impact statement

Here we show that a motor neuron specific pool of Hsp90 that is highly sensitive to geldanamycin inhibition represses ligand-independent activation of P2X7 receptor and is critical to motor neuron survival. Activation of P2X7 receptor by Hsp90 inhibition triggers motor neuron apoptosis through the activation of PTEN, which in turn inhibits the PI3 kinase/Akt survival pathway. Thus, inhibition of Hsp90 for therapeutic applications may have the unexpected negative consequence of decreasing the activity of trophic pathways in motor neurons. The inhibition of Hsp90 as a therapeutic approach may require the identification of the Hsp90 complexes involved in pathogenic processes and the development of inhibitors selective for these complexes.
The Gaataa’aabing Visual Research Method: A Culturally Safe Anishinaabek Transformation of Photovoice
Authors: Bennett Beaudin , Maar Marion , Manitowabi Darrel , Moeke-Pickering Taima , Trudeau-Peltier Doreen , Trudeau Sheila
Published: May 2019

Photovoice is a community-based participatory visual research method often described as accessible to vulnerable or marginalized groups and culturally appropriate for research with Indigenous peoples. Academic researchers report adapting the photovoice method to the sociocultural context of Indigenous participants and communities with whom they are working. However, detailed descriptions on cultural frameworks for transforming photovoice in order for it to better reflect Indigenous methodologies are lacking, and descriptions of outcomes that occur as a result of photovoice are rare. We address the paucity of published methodological details on the participant-directed Indigenization of photovoice. We conducted 13 visual research group sessions with participants from three First Nations communities in Northern Ontario, Canada. Our intent was to privilege the voice of participants in a mindful exploration aimed at cocreating a transformation of the photovoice method, in order to meet participants’ cultural values. Gaataa’aabing is the Indigenized, culturally safe visual research method created through this process. Gaataa’aabing represents an Indigenous approach to visual research methods and a renewed commitment to engage Indigenous participants in meaningful and productive ways, from the design of research questions and the Indigenization of research methods, to knowledge translation and relevant policy change. Although Gaataa’aabing was developed in collaboration with Anishinaabek people in Ontario, Canada, its principles will, we hope, resonate with many Indigenous groups due to the method’s focus on (1) integration of cultural values of the respective Indigenous community(ies) with whom researchers are collaborating and (2) placing focus on concrete community outcomes as a requirement of the research process.
Parent-Child Relations in Transsexual and Non-transsexual Homosexual Males
Authors: Freund Kurt , Langevin Ron , Zajac Yaroslaw , Steiner Betty , Zajac Andrew
Published: May 2019

Since Freud's remark that unavailability of a strong and friendly father figure favours the development of homosexuality, the notion has prevailed that, in males, homosexuality and/or ‘femininity’ are due either to the father's physical unavailability or to a disturbance of the father-son relationship. If this hypothesis were valid, one would expect that such gross defect in male role learning as appears in transsexual males should be quite clearly associated with unreplaced father loss or various forms of gross deficiency in father-son relations.
The Prevalence of Suicide and Parasuicide (‘Attempted Suicide’) in Edinburgh
Authors: Kennedy Peter , Kreitman Norman , Ovenstone Irene M. K.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to describe and compare the prevalence patterns of completed suicide and so-called ‘attempted suicide’ or parasuicide, as they occur in a single, defined population over the same period of time.
The Measurement of Consistency in Repertory Grids
Authors: Slater Patrick
Published: May 2019

A Consistency of Relationship score for comparing two grids was proposed by Bannister in 1960, revised slightly in 1962 and again, more substantially, in 1966. The theory behind it is that schizophrenic thought disorder results from repeated experiences of invalidation in construing. If a subject is repeatedly compelled to change his evaluation of an element in terms of a construct, that construct's relationship to the others composing his system may gradually become weakened—e.g. if his evaluations of an intimate acquaintance fluctuate repeatedly between loving and hating, the relationship between ‘loving’ and 'sincere’ or ‘reliable’ in his construct-system may tend to become looser. Progressive weakening and loss of stability in the system as a whole through repeated invalidation of parts of it is the mechanism which supposedly results in schizophrenic thought disorder.
Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Parisi Davide , Casari Chiara , Montanari Luca , Ruggieri Gabriella , Holtschoppen Britta , Butenweg Christoph
Published: May 2019

The seismic events that struck the Italian region Emilia-Romagna in 2012 provoked not only numerous injuries and casualties but also vast damage to thousands of buildings, infrastructures, and production sites. In particular, unlike other Italian sequences, that of 2012 was notable for the high value of losses in the industrial sector. Soon after the earthquakes, plans were set up in order to provide financial help to both citizens and enterprises, and to this aim the regional authority gathered and classified damage and loss reports. Information was collected in a database called SFINGE. This study is an empirical data analysis of a consistent subset of SFINGE, whose elements are long-span-beam buildings used as production sites. Results are in terms of direct economic losses and cost of reconstruction. This work is a precious source of seismic economic consequence assessment tools for the considered building typology, within the framework of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salami Simpa S. , Singhal Udit , Spratt Daniel E. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Schonhoft Joseph D. , Graf Ryon , Louw Jessica , Jendrisak Adam , Dugan Lyndsey , Wang Yipeng , Tomlins Scott A. , Dittamore Ryan , Feng Felix Y. , Morgan Todd M.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Using nonenrichment-based, potentially more sensitive Epic Sciences circulating tumor cell (CTC) platform, we sought to detect and characterize CTCs in untreated, high-risk localized prostate cancer and to evaluate their clinical implication.

METHODS

Between 2012 and 2015, blood samples were prospectively collected from patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing either radiotherapy (XRT) plus androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy (RP) with curative intent. Samples were analyzed with the Epic Sciences platform with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, CD45, cytokeratin (CK), and androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal staining. CTC counts were correlated with biochemical recurrence (BCR).

RESULTS

A diversity of CTC subtypes, including CK-positive, CK-negative, AR-positive, and CTC clusters, were observed in 73.3% (33 of 45) of patients with evaluable data. The median follow-up was 14.2 months (range, 0.5 to 43.7 months). BCR occurred more frequently in the RP group than XRT (15 of 26 v one of 19), with most patients in the XRT group continuing to receive androgen deprivation therapy. A higher proportion of metastatic events were observed in the RP group (five of 26 v one of 19). In the RP group, BCR and development of metastases were associated with a higher total number of CTCs, AR-positive CTCs, and CTC phenotypic heterogeneity. One patient who developed BCR and metastases quickly after RP had diverse phenotypical CTC subtypes, and single-cell genomic analyses of all detectable CTCs confirmed common prostate cancer copy number alterations and PTEN loss.

CONCLUSION

CTCs can be identified in most patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer before definitive therapy using the Epic Sciences platform. If confirmed in a larger cohort with longer follow-up, phenotypic and genomic characterization of CTCs pretherapy may provide an additional means of risk stratifying patients with newly diagnosed high-risk disease and potentially help identify patients who could require multimodal therapy.
The Gulf Boycott Coalition
Authors: Parrott R. Joseph
Published: May 2019

In the late 1960s and 1970s, American activists rediscovered southern Africa and began formulating broad-based strategies to challenge American complicity with unjust systems of colonialism and apartheid. The Gulf Boycott Coalition (GBC) was one early success. Founded in Dayton, Ohio, by the progressive Congregation for Reconciliation, the GBC drew upon civil rights sentiment and the nascent corporate responsibility movement to mobilize against Gulf Oil operations in the Portuguese colony of Angola. This interview with Rev. Richard Righter details the founding, operation, and impact of the GBC both locally and nationally. It reveals some of the ways leftist politics and religiously inspired social justice movements intersected to fuel transnational activism during this period, as well as the underappreciated—but vital—roles transitory movements played in expanding political attention to southern African struggles for self-determination.
Re-evaluation of the causes of variation among mouse aggregation chimaeras
Authors: West John D. , Tang Pin-Chi , Everett Clare A. , MacKay Gillian E. , Flockhart Jean H. , Keighren Margaret A.
Published: May 2019

The composition of adult mouse aggregation chimaeras is much more variable than X-inactivation mosaics. An early theoretical model proposed that almost all the extra variation in chimaeras arises, before X-inactivation occurs, by spatially constrained, geometrical allocation of inner cell mass (ICM) cells to the epiblast and primitive endoderm (PrE). However, this is inconsistent with more recent embryological evidence. Analysis of published results for chimaeric blastocysts and mid-gestation chimaeras suggested that some variation exists among chimaeric morulae and more variation arises both when morula cells are allocated to the ICM versus the trophectoderm (TE) and when ICM cells are allocated to the epiblast versus the PrE. Computer simulation results were also consistent with the conclusion that stochastic allocation of cells to blastocyst lineages in two steps, without the type of geometrical sampling that was originally proposed, could cause a wide variation in chimaeric epiblast composition. Later allocation events will cause additional variation among both chimaeras and X-inactivation mosaics. We also suggest that previously published U-shaped frequency distributions for chimaeric placenta composition might be explained by how TE cells are allocated to the polar TE and/or the subsequent movement of cells from polar TE to mural TE.
Enhanced Enantioselectivity Achieved at Low Hydrogen Pressure for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Methyl Acetoacetate over a Tartaric Acid NaBr-Modified Raney Nickel Catalyst: A Kinetic Study
Authors: Choliq Azka Azkiya , Nakae Rio , Watanabe Mariko , Misaki Tomonori , Fujita Morifumi , Okamoto Yasuaki , Sugimura Takashi
Published: May 2019

To ensure high enantiopurity of the product, enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over a (R,R)-tartaric acid-modified Raney nickel catalyst is normally performed under elevated H2-pressure (∼10 MPa). In this study, higher enantioselectivity than previously reported for methyl acetoacetate was achieved (92% ee) under low H2-pressure of 0.42 MPa. Effects of reaction conditions on the enantioselectivity and hydrogenation rate were investigated using a low-pressure reaction system (<0.5 MPa of H2). It was found that impurities in the solvent greatly reduce the enantioselectivity of MAA. The low-pressure reaction system enabled a satisfactory kinetic approach. The reaction rate was well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism, verifying the previous assumption that the addition of adsorbed hydrogen to the substrate interacting with surface tartrate is a rate-determining step.
The Contingent Effect of Patriotic Rhetoric on Firm Performance
Authors: Mohr Alexander , Schumacher Christian
Published: May 2019

Drawing on resource-dependence logic, we frame a firm’s use of patriotic rhetoric as a strategy for absorbing external resource constraints. We argue that strong nationalist sentiment positively influences the performance effect of using patriotic rhetoric, whereas a firm’s involvement in overseas markets negatively influences this effect. To test our hypotheses, we capture U.S. firms’ patriotic rhetoric using earnings calls and press releases for 456 firms in the S&P 500 during the period 2002−2015. We find that the effect of using patriotic rhetoric on performance is more positive under conditions of high levels of nationalist sentiment in the home country and more negative for firms that are highly involved in overseas markets.
The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon
Authors: Chiu C-H. , Chen P. , Yeh W-L. , Chen A. C-Y. , Chan Y-S. , Hsu K-Y. , Lei K-F.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) has been proved to enhance tenocyte proliferation but has mixed results when used during rotator cuff repair. The optimal PRFM preparation protocol should be determined before clinical application. To screen the best PRFM to each individual’s tenocytes effectively, small-diameter culture wells should be used to increase variables. The gelling effect of PRFM will occur when small-diameter culture wells are used. A co-culture device should be designed to avoid this effect.

Methods

Tenocytes harvested during rotator cuff repair and blood from a healthy volunteer were used. Tenocytes were seeded in 96-, 24-, 12-, and six-well plates and co-culture devices. Appropriate volumes of PRFM, according to the surface area of each culture well, were treated with tenocytes for seven days. The co-culture device was designed to avoid the gelling effect that occurred in the small-diameter culture well. Cell proliferation was analyzed by water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) bioassay.

Results

The relative quantification (condition/control) of WST-1 assay on day seven revealed a significant decrease in tenocyte proliferation in small-diameter culture wells (96 and 24 wells) due to the gelling effect. PRFM in large-diameter culture wells (12 and six wells) and co-culture systems induced a significant increase in tenocyte proliferation compared with the control group. The gelling effect of PRFM was avoided by the co-culture device.

Conclusion

When PRFM and tenocytes are cultured in small-diameter culture wells, the gelling effect will occur and make screening of personalized best-fit PRFM difficult. This effect can be avoided with the co-culture device. Cite this article: C-H. Chiu, P. Chen, W-L. Yeh, A. C-Y. Chen, Y-S. Chan, K-Y. Hsu, K-F. Lei. The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:216–223. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0258.R1.
Learner-Centered Professional Development: A Model to Increase Inclusion for Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jimenez Bree A. , Barron Tammy
Published: May 2019

In the current climate of universal accessibility, it is not surprising that more students with disabilities are being served in inclusive contexts. Although the reported increase in inclusion rates are promising, the rate of increase of students with moderate to severe disabilities is thought to be much lower and inclusion is still a struggle for the students with the highest needs. Questions emerge regarding the effectiveness of teaching practices in relation to progress towards specific curricular goals, at least in part because of concerns about dependence on sophisticated teacher skills for meaningful inclusion to occur. General consensus in the field is that professional development may provide support to teachers to adequately serve students with disabilities. We sought to implement a model of professional development which first explored the unique strengths and needs of an individual student or small group of students with a moderate or severe disability who were already being served in the general education classroom. We were able to tailor the learner-centered professional development package based on the needs of the team as they work directly with this population to implement embedded instruction and team collaboration to address the content areas.
Qualitative case study: Teaching citizenship through history education in primary schools
Authors: Stará Jana , Starý Karel
Published: May 2019

This empirical study focuses on an instruction of key historic events of twentieth-century Czechoslovakia and how it is being introduced to third-grade pupils. First, the topic is briefly introduced using a theoretical framework of current development of history education in primary schools, and after a short description of the research methodology, the main findings are introduced. The qualitative explanatory case study of teaching performed by three teachers, which was based on various observations of their teaching, interviews with them and on an analysis of written tasks done by their pupils, has proven that primary school pupils are able to understand the meaning of historic events and the value of life in a free society. Teachers can guide their pupils towards this result using various approaches. However, it is important to respect the developmental abilities of pupils and to react to specific difficulties imposed by the subject matter of history education. These difficulties include demands on keeping track of time periods and the tendency towards personification and presentism. What has proven to be very efficient were the approaches of research-oriented instruction  approaches using oral history and approaches based on the analysis of the value of living in a democratic society conducted on the basis of an interview about experiences and feelings with people who had lived during the times of oppression.
HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN TERHADAP ANEMIA DAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI KELURAHAN BANDARHARJO, SEMARANG
Authors: Puteri P Pradipta , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Candra Aryu
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang : Penyakit infeksi yang umum terjadi di daerah tropis dan sub-tropis adalah kecacingan. Indonesia memiliki angka prevalensi kecacingan sebesar 45%-65%. Kecacingan dapat mengakibatkan anemia, penurunan status gizi, pertumbuhan terahambat, hingga penuruan kemampuan kognitif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian kecacingan dengan anmeia dan kemampuan kognitif di Semarang.Metode : Desain Penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 51 anak Sekolah Dasar. Data kecacingan ditentukan menggunakan metode Kato-Katz dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Variabel anemia ditentukan dengan pemerikasaan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah dengan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Variabel kemampuan kognitif didapatkan dari hasil tes kemampuan kognitif dengan pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 2 (3,9%) subjek positif kecacingan dari 51 subjek, sedangkan 31 subjek (65,9%) mengalami anemia dan 42 subjek (81,1%) memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang kurang. Berdasarkan uji statistik tidak terdapat hubungan kejadian kecacingan dengan anemia (p=1,00) dan kemampuan kognitif (p=1,00) serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara anemia dengan kemampuan kognitif (p=0,439).Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian kecacingan terhadap anemia dan kemampuan kognitif pada anak sekolah dasar di Kelurahan Bandarharjo Semarang.
Aspect of Criminality in Default of Loans Given by Banks: The Indian Scenario
Authors: Sarkar Arindam
Published: May 2019

The study aims to address the issue of criminality in wilful default of loans given by banks in India by clarifying the thin line of demarcation between genuine and deliberate reasons for default of loans and suggest remedies to establish the demarcation in a more objective manner. The paper is a descriptive one based on secondary data, wherein tools like historical, factual and descriptive analysis have been used. It was found that it is not impossible to differentiate between genuine and deliberate reasons for loan defaults and stakeholders can identify & establish criminal intent behind such defaults if an objective criteria is followed. Suitable provisions under different acts and statues needs to be introduced to curb financial activities of errant borrowers and prosecute them criminally. Criminality aspect in case of wilful default of loans can thus be established if sufficient provisions of law are made available to the banking system.
Evaluation of the uncanny valley hypothesis based on declared emotional response and psychophysiological reaction
Authors: Ratajczyk Dawid , Jukiewicz Marcin , Lupkowski Pawel
Published: May 2019

The uncanny valley (UV) hypothesis suggests that the observation of almost human-like characters causes an increase of discomfort. We conducted a study using self-report questionnaire, response time measurement, and electrodermal activity (EDA) evaluation. In the study, 12 computer-generated characters (robots, androids, animated, and human characters) were presented to 33 people (17 women) to (1) test the effect of a background context on the perception of characters, (2) establish whether there is a relation between declared feelings and physiological arousal, and (3) detect the valley of the presented stimuli. The findings provide support for reverse relation between human-likeness and the arousal (EDA). Furthermore, a positive correlation between EDA and human-likeness appraisal reaction time upholds one of the most common explanations of the UV – the categorization ambiguity. The absence of the significant relationship between declared comfort and EDA advocates the necessity of physiological measures for UV studies.
A functionally-analytic method for modelling axial-symmetric flows of ideal fluid
Authors: Plaksa Sergiy A.
Published: May 2019

We consider axial-symmetric stationary flows of the ideal incompressible fluid as an important case of potential solenoid fields. We use an integral expression of the Stokes flow function via the corresponding complex analytic function for solving a boundary value problem with respect to a steady streamline of the ideal incompressible fluid along an axial-symmetric body. We describe the solvability of the problem in terms of the singularities of the mentioned complex analytic function. The obtained results are illustrated by concrete examples of modelling of steady axial-symmetric flows.
Next-generation sequencing reveals mutations in RB1, CDK4 and TP53 that may promote chemo-resistance to palbociclib in ovarian cancer
Authors: El Shamieh Said , Saleh Fatima , Assaad Shafka , Farhat Fadi
Published: May 2019

Because of the profound heterogeneity of ovarian cancer at the clinical, cellular and molecular levels, herein we discuss the molecular findings at the protein and genetic levels seen in our patient. Immunohistochemistry showed a complete loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog, this observation was the reason behind prescribing the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. However, there was no response to treatment. Next-generation sequencing analysis was performed showing a nonsense mutation, p.R552X inretinoblastoma 1(RB1). This nonsense variation will possibly lead to a truncated protein lacking the domain responsible for interaction with E2F, an event that will induce cell cycle progression and, thus, be responsible for the chemo-resistance to palbociclib.
Notes on Cumulative Entropy as a Risk Measure
Authors: Tahmasebi Saeid , Parsa Hojat
Published: May 2019

Di Crescenzo and Longobardi
[Di Crescenzo and Longobardi, On cumulative entropies,
J. Statist. Plann. Inference 139 2009, 12, 4072–4087]
proposed the cumulative entropy (CE) as an alternative to the differential entropy. They presented an estimator of CE using empirical approach. In this paper, we consider a risk measure based on CE and compare it with the standard deviation and the Gini mean difference for some distributions. We also make empirical comparisons of these measures using samples from stock market in members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
Preconcentration of morphine in urine sample using a green and solvent-free microextraction method
Authors: Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad , Balali-Mood Mahdi , Es’haghi Zarrin , Asoodeh Ahmad , Ghorani-Azam Adel
Published: May 2019

The ability of extraction and preconcentration of small amounts of substances from biological samples is very important in medical toxicology. On the other hand, minimal use of organic solvents is an important issue to prevent environmental damage. In the present study, we developed a new solid phase microextraction fiber using plant extracts as sorbent for extraction and preconcentration of morphine in urine sample. For this purpose, raw carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were functionalized with tobacco extracts. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy in addition to scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The functionalized CNTs were coated on polypropylene hollow fiber. The results of HPLC analysis showed that the produced fiber could preconcentrate a very low concentration of morphine (0.25 ng/ml) in small volume of urine samples. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the produced fiber were determined 0.25 ng/ml and 0.825 ng/ml, respectively, and recovery of the fiber was determined 89% at LOQ. The produced fiber provided a recyclable and solvent free method for extraction of a trace amount of morphine, which can be successfully used for up to 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
Authors: Cui Yingna , Li Changping , Bao Ming
Published: May 2019

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are successfully used as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs). The acidity of DESs is the main factor that determines catalytic activity. DESs, based on p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) and choline chloride (ChCl), exhibits the highest catalytic activity. ChCl/2PTSA is suitable for a vast variety of aromatic aldehydes with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, different β-diketonates, and urea or thiourea to obtain the corresponding DHPMs. Furthermore, DESs can be recycled easily after synthesis. The reused DESs achieve catalytic efficiency six times without significant changes. This study will provide a new green catalyst and efficient process for the synthesis of DHPMs.
Mechanical behaviour of acetylated rubber wood subjected to artificial weathering
Authors: Olaniran Samuel Oluyinka , Etienne Cabane , Keplinger Tobias , Olufemi Babatola , Rüggeberg Markus
Published: May 2019

Rubber wood utilization in Nigeria has become a viable alternative because of over-exploitation of more durable species. The use of rubber wood in its native form has some disadvantages including dimensional instability, low durability and susceptibility to weathering in outdoor uses. However, it may be improved through chemical modification such as acetylation. In this study, we revealed the effectiveness of acetylation on the protection of rubber wood against weathering in terms of weight loss (WL), colour change, lignin degradation, and mechanical properties. Acetylation was carried out using two different reaction times to achieve weight percent gains (WPG) of around 7% and 10%. Understanding of the effect of acetylation and subsequent weathering on mechanical properties was enabled by analysing wood chemistry with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical tests of weathered unmodified and acetylated rubber wood revealed a decrease of tensile stiffness of the unmodified samples as a function of weathering time, while stiffness was retained for the acetylated samples. Weathered unmodified samples showed a bi-phasic stress-strain pattern with a high strain at breakage indicating a slippage of fibres under stress due to degradation of the middle lamella. This was hardly visible for acetylated samples. Thus, acetylation was shown to be effective for protecting rubber wood used in outdoor conditions.
Klimatheorie, Statistik, Revolutionsbegriff. Die Transformation der Wahrnehmung der Vergangenheit in Europa zwischen dem 17. und dem 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kleinschmidt Harald
Published: May 2019

Die Dynamisierung der europäischen Vergangenheitswahrnehmung um 1800 ist oft beobachtet, aber selten an konkreten Vorgängen festgemacht worden. Im Besonderen wird die Genese der Wahrnehmung des Bruchs zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart an drei Komponenten untersucht, der physischen Umwelt anhand der Klimatheorie, der von Menschen gestalteten Umwelt anhand der Statistik sowie der Wahrnehmung des Wandels anhand des Revolutionsbegriffs. An die Stelle der theoretischen Bestimmung reversiblen Wandels als Aufgabe der älteren Klimatheorie trat die irreversiblen Wandel vermeintlicher „Rassen“ darstellende Historiografie. Hatte die ältere Statistik die Optimierung der Stabilität der Welt der Staaten angestrebt, so sollte die neuere Statistik die Verbessung der Gesellschaft dienen durch gezielte Förderung von Faktoren der Dynamik des Wandels. Schließlich bezeichnete der Revolutionsbegriff seit den frühen 1780er Jahren Vorgänge des grundlegenden, tiefgreifenden und linearen, das heißt irreversiblen Wandels von und in Staaten. Gemeinsam mit den beiden anderen Komponenten trug der neue Revolutionsbegriff zu der Wahrnehmung eines Bruchs zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart bei, der durch Beschreibungen irreversibler dynamischer Wandlungsvorgänge zu überbrücken war. Diese Transformation der Vergangenheitswahrnehmung war zunächst spezifisch europäisch und darf nicht als universal gültig vorausgesetzt werden.
Meaning, reasoning, and common knowledge
Authors: Warner Richard
Published: May 2019

“Pragmatics involves perception augmented by some species of ‘ampliative‘ inference—induction, inference to the best explanation, Bayesian reasoning, or perhaps some special application of general principles special to communication, as conceived by Grice … —but in any case a sort of reasoning” (Korta, Kepa & John Perry. 2015. Pragmatics. In The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Metaphysics research lab, Stanford, CA: Stanford University:1). Pragmatics assumes that one’s competence as speaker is sufficient to allow one to construct, in range of significant cases, plausible accounts of how speakers and audiences reason. The question is that are those who attribute reasoning to speakers and audiences suffering a “curious mental derangement” that prevents them from seeing that reasoning is rare?

I consider four responses. (1) Speakers and audiences do reason to the extent pragmatic explanations require; they just typically do not do so consciously. (2) The second reply concedes that speakers and audiences often do not reason even unconsciously in any relevant detail, but it insists that attributions of reasoning can nonetheless be, and often are, explanatory. (3) The third reply is a response to objections to the second. It identifies reasoning with information processing steps. (4) The fourth view is that a speaker’s utterance provides an audience evidence for what the speaker means, but the audience typically does not reason to a conclusion about what the speaker means.

I reject the first three replies and embrace the fourth, but I argue that attributions of reasoning in pragmatics can still play a significant explanatory role.
Riesz basis of exponential family for a hyperbolic system
Authors: Intissar Abdelkader , Jeribi Aref , Walha Ines
Published: May 2019

This paper studies a linear hyperbolic system with boundary conditions that was first studied under some weaker conditions in [8, 11].
Problems on the expansion of a semigroup and a criterion for being a Riesz basis are discussed in the present paper.
It is shown that the associated linear system is the infinitesimal generator of a

C
0

{C_{0}}

-semigroup; its spectrum consists of zeros of a sine-type function, and its exponential system

{

e

λ
n

⁢
t

}

n
≥
1

{\{e^{\lambda_{n}t}\}_{n\geq 1}}

constitutes a Riesz basis in

L
2

⁢

[
0
,
T
]

{L^{2}[0,T]}

.
Furthermore, by the spectral analysis method, it is also shown that the linear system has a sequence of eigenvectors, which form a Riesz basis in Hilbert space, and hence the spectrum-determined growth condition is deduced.
Towards an Internet of Science
Authors: Allmer Jens
Published: May 2019

Big data and complex analysis workflows (pipelines) are common issues in data driven science such as bioinformatics. Large amounts of computational tools are available for data analysis. Additionally, many workflow management systems to piece together such tools into data analysis pipelines have been developed. For example, more than 50 computational tools for read mapping are available representing a large amount of duplicated effort. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these tools are correct and only a few have a user base large enough to have encountered and reported most of the potential problems. Bringing together many largely untested tools in a computational pipeline must lead to unpredictable results. Yet, this is the current state. While presently data analysis is performed on personal computers/workstations/clusters, the future will see development and analysis shift to the cloud. None of the workflow management systems is ready for this transition. This presents the opportunity to build a new system, which will overcome current duplications of effort, introduce proper testing, allow for development and analysis in public and private clouds, and include reporting features leading to interactive documents.