bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Norms of National Law Forming the Basis for the Shaping and Implementing of State Policy in the Field of Energy Security. Discussion Based on the Polish Legal Order1
Authors: Kamiński Marcin
Published: February 2020

The essential aim of the article is the theoretical analysis of the normative basis of the Polish state policy in the field of energy security. The analysis begins with the presen-tation of the state policy and energy policy concepts. The author argues that in the Polish legal order the concept of energy policy is concentrated around the premise of energy security. The next part of the analysis deals with the issues of categories of the norms shaping and implementing of the energy security policy in the Polish legal order.

This part of the considerations shows that the normative basis for the determination, implementation and verification of political actions taken by the public authorities in the field of energy security requires the use of specific normative structures. The analysis refers to the conception of ‘goal-oriented norms’. The norms of this kind set binding goals, directions and conditions for the actions of state authorities as well in the field of energy policy. The types of the acts which concretize the goal-oriented norms (e.g. task-oriented norms; directional and determinative norms; planning norms) in the discussed field of state policy are also discussed.
Is Separation of Powers a Useless Concept? Part II: Tripartite System Criticism and Application Problems
Authors: Hapla Martin
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the author raised the question of whether the separation of powers is a useless concept. It summarizes some critical arguments against the tripartite separation of powers. The paper deals with application issues related to the separation of powers and distinguishes several attitudes toward them, which it then analyses in more detail. Great attention is dedicated to formalism and functionalism. Eventually, the author wonders whether it would be better to innovate the idea of separation of powers, or to dismiss and replace it with some other principle. He concludes that the separation of powers has problems, but we need to evaluate this idea in relation to its possible alternatives. In such a light it still sounds promising.
Social media usage and health promoting lifestyle in profile related socio-demographic factors in Turkey
Authors: Güleç Dilek , Yılmaz Işıkhan Selen , Orhaner Emine
Published: February 2020

Background:Social media represents a revolutionary new trend that offers opportunities for and threats toward modifying health behaviours. Although social media has considerable health promotion and education tools, this article summarizes the relationship between the health promoting lifestyle and Facebook usage, as Facebook is one of the most popular tools in social media.Methods:We carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study with 423 Facebook users living in Ankara, Turkey. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was used to describe the complex links between health behaviours, social media usage and demographic characteristics.Results:In this study, a two-dimensional solution with an actual fit measure equal to 0.958was found, and this solution can be interpreted as about 48% of the explained variance. This two-dimensional result shows the relationships and differences between healthy lifestyle subdimensions, social media usage and some demographic characteristics.Conclusion:Using OVERALS, we found evidences supporting associations among social media use, health promoting lifestyle and socio-demographic factors. Further, the complex correlations among these variables were interpreted.
Men's Confrontation with Pregnancy from Women's Point of View: an Ethno Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Erfanian Arghavaian Fatemeh , Latifnejad Roudsari Robab , Heydari Abbas , Noghani Dokht Bahmani Mohsen
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In providing pregnancy services, particular attention is given to the mother and her infant and comparatively less consideration is paid to men’s role. This study aimed to explore how Iranian men are confronted with pregnancy from pregnant women’s point of view. Methods: This study was conducted, using an ethno-phenomenological approach. 25 Pregnant women were recruited via purposeful sampling from health centers, hospitals, and private obstetric clinics in Mashhad, Iran. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n=25), vignettes, (n=13) as well as observation were used for data collection. The data were organized with MAXQDA software version 10 and analyzed, using van Manen descriptive- interpretive phenomenological approach. Results: The main theme which emerged was: "adaptation, skillfulness and self-actualization of man in confrontation with pregnancy". This was derived from two themes: 1) "spouse's emotional engagement" subthemes spouse’s emotional confrontation with pregnancy occurrence, man's sentimentality following being an expectant father, husband`s confrontation with wife's motherhood, man's emotional excitement, seeing the symptoms of fetal survival, husband's gender orientation and 2)"Concentration, vigilance and active efforts of spouse during pregnancy" subthemes managing wife towards successful pregnancy, efforts to acquire paternal skills and pregnancy as an issue to expand spouse's mental horizons. Conclusion: Besides an overwhelming sense of emotion, men tend to be supportive in managing successful pregnancy. As an opportunity window pregnancy seems to develop thinking, vision and horizons of life among men and increases their responsibility. By promoting male participation in pregnancy, important steps could be taken to improve maternal and infant health using spouses` support approach.
Do Breathing Techniques Enhance the Effect of Massage Therapy in Reducing the Length of Labor or not? a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Haseli Arezoo , Ghiasi Ashraf , Hashemzadeh Mozhgan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Prolonged labor is a common birth complication that is associated with some negative maternal and fetal effects. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of effleurage abdominal massage and 2) to assess the effects size of breathing techniques with massage on the length of labor. Methods: This study was a randomized trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding for some outcomes and intent-to-treat analysis. Primiparous women (n=117) age 18-35 years who were randomly assigned to three groups; abdominal massage (n=37), abdominal massage with breathing technique (n=38) and control (n=42). Although it was randomized block design with the allocation ratio 1:1:1 but soon after the sample was withdrawn in labor, another was replaced. Experimental groups’ participants received a 30-min effleurage abdominal massage during the active and transitional phases of labor. Particular breathing techniques in each stage of labor were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.13. Results: Duration of the active phase was 244.89(83.30) min in the massage, 254(68.55) min in massage with breathing and 312.07(67.17) min in control group, which was significantly different between the massage and control groups (P<0.001, Min Diff; -67.18), as well as massage with breathing and control groups (P=0.003, Min Diff; -9.63). The Scheffe test showed no significant difference between the two experimental groups. Conclusion: Effleurage abdominal massages decrease length of active phase on labor, but the learning of breathing techniques in labor couldn’t enhance this effect of massage, so it is likely that breathing exercises may be considered during pregnancy.
Detection of Nicotine Effect on Colon Cells in a Plasmonic Platform
Authors: Asadishad Tannaz , Sohrabi Foozieh , Ghazimoradi Mohammad Hossein , Hamidi Seyedeh Mehri , Javadi Anaghizi Saeed , Farivar Shirin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Smoking as one of the causes of various diseases has encouraged worldwide studies on its adverse pharmacological effects on different organs. Nicotine may influence the smooth muscles of the colon and subsequently the gut motility, which leads to a change in the moving rate of digested material through the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Among various techniques, optical detection methods benefit from non-contact and highsensitivity for studying the early effect of nicotine on the cells. Thus, we used an optically ellipsometric method to get the fast and sensitive nicotine effect on the colon cell. Two-dimensional plasmonic platforms by gold deposition onto the polydimethylsiloxane polymer (PDMS) patterned substrate were used as the guest medium of the cell and the sample was excited by all of the visible region wavelengths at different exposure time and maintenance time. Results: Our results showed that the phase difference between each polarization increased by augmenting the exposure time of smoke over the cell at a fixed maintenance time and there was a general red-shift by increasing the maintenance time at a fixed exposure time. Conclusion: Using different exposure time to cigarette smoke, we optically showed that the cigarette containing the addicting chemical of nicotine had a direct effect on the cultured colon cells on our 2D biocompatible plasmonic chip. It demonstrated considerable changes in the amplitude and phase of the interacted light by injecting nicotine into the system with the aid of the label-free and non-invasive plasmonic technique
The Effect of the Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser on Improving Minoxidil Delivery for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Salah Manal , Samy Nevien , Fawzy Marwa Mohamed , Farrag Abdel Razik , Shehata Hany , Hany Aya
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Recently, laser treatment for hair loss has become very popular. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LAD) is an evolving technology with potentially broad clinical applications. This work aims at inspecting the effect of the fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO2 ) on improving the delivery of minoxidil in patients with androgenetic alopecia and detecting the role of the fractional CO2 laser in its treatment. Methods: We enrolled 45 Egyptians with male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA); clinical grading was assessed based on Norwood-Hamilton classification. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group (combined group) received the fractional CO2 laser session followed by topical application of minoxidil and also in between sessions; the second group received fractional CO2 laser sessions only and 6 sessions with 2-week intervals were performed; the third group applied topical minoxidil only for 3 months. Global photographs and dermoscopic assessments were performed before treatment and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Several dermoscopic findings were detected, including peripilar sign, hair diversity, yellow spot, white dots, and arborizing red lines. The number of double hair units significantly increased after the treatment in the combined group. The mean number of hair after the treatment in the 3 groups significantly increased, mostly in the combined group. The hair thickness (thin & thick) significantly increased after the treatment in the combined group and the fractional group; however, in the minoxidil group, only thin hair thickness increased. In all the 3 groups, there was a significant improvement in hair count and thickness. Conclusion: The ablative fractional CO2 laser alone or combined with minoxidil may serve as an additional treatment for MAGA.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of CO2 and Er:YAG Lasers on Smear Layer Removal and Blood Cell Attachment to Tooth Root Surfaces
Authors: Naghsh Narges , Birang Reza , Shafiei Fahimeh , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Gutknecht Norbert , Yaghini Jaber
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The tooth root surfaces are modified by different agents for better removal of the smear layer, the formation of fibrin clots, and the attachment of blood cells. This in vitro study compared the removal of the smear layer, the formation of fibrin clots and the attachment of blood cells after exposing periodontally compromised root surfaces to ER:YAG and CO2 laser beams. Methods: Eighteen dentin block samples were prepared from freshly extracted periodontally compromised teeth that were deemed hopeless, and they were divided into 3 groups: exposed to Er:YAG laser beams, exposed to CO2 laser beams, and the control group. The samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and micrographs were taken. Smear layer removal and blood cell attachment were scored. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney tests. Results: In the Er:YAG laser group, the smear layer was removed completely. In the specimens exposed to blood, better fibrin clot formation and blood cell attachment were observed in the Er:YAG laser group. In the CO2 laser group, the smear layer was also removed; however, there were no significant differences between the CO2 laser and control groups in fibrin clot formation and blood cell attachment. Conclusion: The application of the Er:YAG laser to the root dentin appears to result in the formation of a suitable surface for fibrin clot formation and blood cell attachment. Further clinical studies are necessary to support these results.
Mesiodistal angulation of posterior teeth in orthodontic patients with different facial growth patterns
Authors: Badiee Mohammadreza , Ebadifar Asghar , Sajedi Sanaz
Published: February 2020

Background.
Mesiodistal and buccolingual angulations of teeth are variable in different malocclusion classes. This study aimed to assess the mesiodistal angulation of posterior teeth in orthodontic patients with vertical, normal, and horizontal facial growth patterns. Methods. This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 150 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients. According to cephalometric analysis, facial growth patterns were divided into three groups of normal, horizontal, and vertical (n=50). The angulation of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth was then measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results. The results showed an increase in the mean angle of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth relative to palatal and mandibular planes in patients with a vertical facial growth pattern. Conversely, their angulation decreased relative to the bisected occlusal plane (BOP). The angulation of posterior teeth decreased relative to palatal and mandibular planes and increased relative to the occlusal plane with an increase in overbite. The mean angle of all maxillary teeth relative to the palatal plane was significantly greater in open bite patients compared to normal and deep bite patients. This value in patients with normal bite was significantly greater than that in deep bite patients (P<0.05). Conclusion. The current results revealed that in patients with a vertical growth pattern, all the posterior teeth had a forward inclination. Conversely, in patients with a horizontal growth pattern, the teeth had a backward inclination.
Comparison of self-ligating Damon3 and conventional MBT brackets regarding alignment efficiency and pain experience: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jahanbin Arezoo , Hasanzadeh Nadia , Khaki Sara , Shafaee Hooman
Published: February 2020

Background.
Self-ligating brackets might be more efficient than conventional appliance systems during the initial alignment stage of orthodontic treatment due to reduced frictional resistance. This study aimed to compare the alignment efficiency and pain experience of Damon3 self-ligating and MBT pre-adjusted brackets in the initial alignment stage. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients aged 14‒20 years, who needed non-extraction treatment in both maxillary and mandibular arches, were randomly assigned to two groups; 15 patients were treated with MBT pre-adjusted brackets, and 15 patients received Damon3 self-ligating brackets, both with 0.022-in slots. Alginate impressions were taken at the start of treatment (T0) and four monthly visits (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Little’s irregularity index (LII) was used to assess the tooth displacements. The patients rated their pain experience immediately after the insertion of the archwire, 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and at each monthly visit using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results. The rate of upper dental alignment between T0 and T4 was significantly higher with the Damon3 compared to MBT brackets (P=0.015). Although significantly more changes in the lower LII scores were observed during the first three months with the Damon3 system, the rate of improvement in the irregularity of lower teeth over the 4-month period was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.50). The patients’ pain experience was not significantly different between the bracket groups (P=0.29). Conclusion. During the four-month alignment stage, significantly more improvement in the upper dental irregularity was observed with self-ligating compared to conventional brackets. The bracket type had no effect on pain experience during the alignment stage.
Effect of topical fluoride on microshear bond strength of primary enamel to composite, microhardness of enamel and its surface morphology: An in vitro study
Authors: Biria Mina , Namaei Ghasemi Sajedeh , Sheikh-Al-Eslamian Seyedeh Mahsa , Panahandeh Narges
Published: February 2020

Background.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS), microhardness and morphological characteristics of primary enamel after treating with sodium fluoride (NaF) and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF). Methods. Forty-eight primary canines were cut into mesial and distal sections and assigned to five groups randomly: group 1 (immersed in saliva as a control), group 2 (treated with NAF and immersed in saliva for 30 minutes), group 3 (treated with APF and immersed in saliva for 30 minutes), group 4 (treated with NAF and immersed in saliva for 10 days), and group 5 (treated with APF and immersed in saliva for 10 days). Composite resin (Filtek Z250) was bonded on the specimens (n=15) for measuring the μSBS. After storage in 37°C artificial saliva for 24 hours, µSBS and Vickers hardness tests (10 readings) were performed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene’s and Tukey HSD tests (P<0.05). Morphological analysis of enamel and modes of failure were carried out under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on two remaining specimens. Results. Significant differences in μSBS were only noted between groups 2 and 4 (P=0.024). Group 3 showed a significant decrease in hardness after storage in artificial saliva (P<0.001), with a significantly lower hardness than the other groups (P<0.001). The SEM observations showed irregular particles in groups 3 and 5; uniform, smooth and thin coats were seen in groups 2 and 4. Conclusion. Fluoride therapy with NaF and APF gels prior to restorative treatments had no adverse effects on the microshear bond strength.
Efficacy of Anti-TNF Therapy for the Treatment of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease; a First Iranian Report
Authors: Mohagheghi Darehranj Samaneh , Alatab Sudabeh , Vahedi Homayoon , Sadeghi Anahita , Sima Alireza , Malekzadeh Masoud , Anoshiravani Amir , Fakheri Hafez , Ebrahimi Daryani Nasser , Mousavi Abdolhamid , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Javad Zahedi Mohammad , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND The anti-TNF drugs are shown to be highly effective in treatment of patients with moderate-tosevere inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of antiTNF therapy at the national level. METHODS IBD patients aged 15 > years who received Infliximab and/or CinnoRA® between 2013 to July 2018 were identified. The data extracted from medical dossier and telephonic interview. The efficacy of therapy was defined as time to drug discontinuation or need for IBD-related surgery. The safety was assessed based on patient’s reported adverse events. RESULTS We included 315 patients. The mean age of patients was 37.2 years and 62.2% of them developed the disease before age 30 years. Involvement of masculoskeletal system was reported in 7.3% of patients. Partial and complete response to Anti-TNF therapy was seen in 67% of patients. About 16% of patients did not respond to induction therapy and 16.9% of patients lost their response to Anti-TNF during one year. No serious adverse events, serious opportunistic infection, tuberculosis and malignancies reported by patients. Two patients reported pneumonia. CONCLUSION This study for the first time in our country, provides the evidences for efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in moderate to severe IBD patients.
Effect of Lactocare® Synbiotic on Disease Severity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Amiriani Taghi , Rajabli Niloofar , Faghani Maryam , Besharat Sima , Roshandel Gholamreza , Akhavan Tabib Atefeh , Joshaghani Hamidreza
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases are managed by different methods, which may not be well tolerated because of their side effects. Recently, pro-prebiotics are considered as a supplementary treatment in gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, the effect of Lactocare® (ZistTakhmir Company) was investigated on the disease severity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT201407271264N5), 60 patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis were included. An 8-week trial was carried out comparing Lactocare® as a supplement with standard therapy against placebo. Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using paired ttest to assess the temporal changes (before and after the treatment) in the mean of SCCAI in each group. Chi-square test was used to compare the response rates. Odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also calculated. p values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS A significant decreased mean SCCAI was seen in the intervention group (4.56 ± 2.56) vs. placebo group (6.54 ± 2.47) (p < 0.05). Response to treatment was seen in 64.3% of the treatment group vs. 47% in the placebo group (p = 0.18). Response to treatment was observed in 90.9% of patients with ulcerative colitis for more than 5 years compared with 44.4% of the control group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Regarding the effectiveness of pre-probiotics in mitigating symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis, it could be suggested to try pre-probiotics in the standard treatment particularly in those with more than five years ofthe disease.
Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency
Authors: Sharpe Brinkley M. , Simms Leonard J. , Wright Aidan G. C.
Published: February 2020

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the authors examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized links between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.
Air quality impacts from oil and natural gas development in Colorado
Authors: Helmig Detlev
Published: February 2020

The rise of hydraulic fracturing techniques has fostered rapid growth of oil and natural gas (O&NG) extraction in areas across the United States. In the Denver-Julesburg Basin (DJB), which mostly overlaps with Weld County in the Northern Colorado Front Range (NCFR) north of the City of Denver Metropolitan Area (DMA), the well drilling has increasingly approached, and in many instances moved into urban residential areas. During the same time, the region has also experienced steady population growth. The DMA – NCFR has been in exceedance of the ozone U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and was designated a non-attainment area of the standard in 2007. Despite State efforts to curb precursors, ozone has consistently remained above the standard. A growing number of atmospheric studies has provided an ever increasing body of literature for assessing influences from O&NG industry emissions on air quality in the DMA-NCFR. This paper provides 1. An overview of available literature on O&NG influences on the regional air quality, 2. A summary of the pertinent findings presented in these works, 3. An assessment of the most important pollutants and air quality impacts, 4. Identification of knowledge and monitoring gaps, and 5. Recommendations for future research and policy.
Characterizing Multi-door Criminal Justice
Authors: Gal Tali , Dancig-Rosenberg Hadar
Published: February 2020

This article provides an empirical, comparative analysis of three criminal justice programs that reflect different social and ideological accounts: community courts, arraignment hearings, and restorative justice. The study draws on empirical findings that have been collected over three years in Israel, through observations and archival documentation of these mechanisms. Using the Criminal Law Taxonomy developed elsewhere by the authors as an analytical tool, the comparison is based on characteristics that relate to the structure, content, stakeholders, and outcomes of these justice mechanisms, emphasizing the plurality we have today in multi-door criminal justice systems. The comparative analysis highlights differences and similarities among various justice mechanisms, and offers policy makers and criminal justice practitioners important insights for referring different cases to various mechanisms.
Equality in Multi-door Criminal Justice
Authors: Bierschbach Richard A.
Published: February 2020

As contemporary criminal justice practices have grown more varied, the equality concerns they raise have grown more nuanced and complex. This essay explores the interplay between equality in criminal justice and the mix of punitive and non-punitive mechanisms that have proliferated in parallel in the criminal justice systems of many post-industrial societies in the last thirty years. Multi-door criminal justice does not fare well under the dominant conception of equality in American criminal law, which seeks to stamp out disparities in punishment and ensure roughly equal outcomes for roughly similar offenders. But we need not view that as fatal to multi-door criminal justice. Tension between a multi-door system and our reigning approach to equality might suggest reasons to question the latter more than it does the former. Alternative, more flexible, more process-oriented conceptions of equality might exist that could better accommodate a multi-door world while still protecting and advancing egalitarian norms and ideals. At the same time, shifting our perspective on equality will not eliminate all equality concerns that flow from multi-door criminal justice, and it likely will reveal new ones. The question then becomes not whether multi-door criminal justice is unequal in some absolute sense. The question is whether it is less unequal—or unequal in more palatable ways—than what we have now.
Thyroid dysfunction and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tran Thi-Van-Trinh , Kitahara Cari M , de Vathaire Florent , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Journy Neige
Published: February 2020

In this study, we aimed to evaluate site-specific cancer risks associated with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. We performed a systematic review of observational studies reporting associations between hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and subsequent site-specific cancer incidence, in MEDLINE and the COCHRANE library (inception-28/01/2019) (PROSPERO: CRD42019125094). We excluded studies with thyroid dysfunction evaluated as a cancer biomarker or after prior cancer diagnosis and those considering transient thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy or severe illnesses. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Risk estimates were pooled using random-effects models when ≥5 studies reported data for a specific cancer site. Twenty studies were included, of which 15 contributed to the meta-analysis. Compared to euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism was associated with higher risks of thyroid (pooled risk ratio: 4.49, 95%CI: 2.84–7.12), breast (pooled risk ratio: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.04–1.38), and prostate (pooled risk ratio: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.05–1.74), but not respiratory tract (pooled risk ratio: 1.06, 95%CI: 0.80–1.42) cancers. Hypothyroidism was associated with a higher risk of thyroid cancer within the first 10 years of follow-up only (pooled risk ratio: 3.31, 95%CI: 1.20–9.13). There was no or limited evidence of thyroid dysfunction-related risks of other cancer sites. In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction was associated with increased risks of thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers. However, it remains unclear whether these findings represent causal relationships because information on treatments and potential confounders was frequently lacking.
The Impact of Text Message On Self-Management for Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wan Yong , Wu Xin , Kou Yan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The influence of text message on self-management for coronary heart disease remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of text message versus usual care on self-management for coronary heart disease.
Methods: We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through July 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), assessing the effect of text message versus usual care on self-management for coronary heart disease. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.
Results: Six RCTs involving 1,158 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with a control group for coronary heart disease, text message intervention has no substantial influence on self-efficacy (Std. MD = 2.37; 95% CI = -2.61 to 7.35; P = .35), LDL (Std. MD = -1.81; 95% CI = -4.80 to 1.18; P = .24), HDL (Std. MD = -1.15; 95% CI = -2.83 to 0.54; P = .18), BMI (Std. MD = -3.61; 95% CI = -9.48 to 2.26; P = .23), systolic blood pressure (Std. MD = -3.46; 95% CI = -9.03 to 2.12; P = .22), diastolic blood pressure (Std. MD = -2.03; 95% CI = -5.90 to 1.85; P = .31, non-smoker (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.62; P = .53), and physical activity (RR = 1.57; 95% CI = 0.63 to 3.90; P = .33).
Conclusions: Text message intervention demonstrates no positive impact on self-efficacy, treatment adherence, and the control of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease.
Does the Chest Tube Removal Time Influence the Outcomes of Primary Spontaneus Pneumothorax First Episode Management?
Authors: Mongirdas Matas , Untanas Audrius , Jagelavičius Žymantas , Janilionis Ričardas
Published: February 2020

Background / objectives. The main treatment option for the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is chest tube drainage, however, whether delayed chest tube removal might influence the recurrence is unclear.Methods. A prospective study, which included 50 patients, with an initial episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was performed. Patients were randomized into two groups according to the chest tube removal time: 1-day and 5-days after the air-leak has stopped. All patients were followed-up for at least six months. Both groups were compared according to the recurrence rate and possible complications.Results. There were 39 (78%) men and the median age was 27 (23–35) years. Successful management with a chest tube was achieved in 43 (86%) patients, others were operated on because of the continuous air-leak or relapse of the pneumothorax after the chest tube was removed. Significant difference was not found comparing groups by age, gender, side, tobacco smoking, alpha-1-antitrypsin level, rate of prolonged air-leak, necessity of surgery, and the mean follow-up time. There was a significant difference between groups in hospitalization time: 1-day group – 6 (4–12), 5-days group – 8 (7–10) days, p = 0.017. Five (20%) patients from 1-day group and 3 (12%) from 5-days group had a recurrence, however the difference was not significant (p = 0.702). There were no significant differences comparing groups by the recurrence time or complications.Conclusions. The recurrence rate of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was higher if the chest tube was removed earlier, however not significantly. More data and longer follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings.
Optimization by the influenzed status of the volume of thermscreated glass elements of constructions at heating by convective method and heat sources
Authors: Hachkevych Olexandr , Hachkevych Mykola , Torskyy Adrian
Published: February 2020

The technique of optimization of the annealing modes of heat-sensitive glass elements is proposed for heating by convective method and heat sources.
Redes locales y espacios globales: Macao y Marsella en una perspectiva comparada para el análisis de la divergencia económica entre China y Europa (s. XVIII)
Authors: Pérez García Manuel
Published: February 2020

En el presente ensayo se estudian las percepciones y diálogos entre China y Europa mediante el análisis de áreas geopolíticas estratégicas que fomentaron el comercio, las relaciones internacionales y redes socio-económicas entre China y Europa. Nos centramos en un particular caso de estudio comparativo: Macao, como puerto que conecta con el sur de China y las rutas del galeón Manila-Acapulco, siendo eje vertebrador de una temprana globalización que integraba los mercados de Occidente y Oriente; y Marsella, como enclave portuario en el Mediterráneo que enlaza con las rutas de comercio oriental. Tal comparación puede ayudar a enriquecer el debate sobre la gran divergencia mediante un caso de estudio concreto con el fin de observar los asimétricos modelos de crecimiento económico de China y Europa a través del análisis de redes de comercio y cambios en el consumo.
Efektivitas Program Rehabilitasi Sosial Terhadap Gelandangan Dan Pengemis Di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Bina Karya Cisarua
Authors: Sumantri II , Pikri Faizal , Lubis Muhammad Aldi
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the process of knowing the organization of homeless and beggar coaching by the Social Rehabilitation Office of West Java Province. In addition, it is also important to know the assistance process carried out by the Social Rehabilitation Office for homeless people who have participated in the rehabilitation program. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Descriptive method aims to describe or provide a complete picture of the effectiveness of the social rehabilitation program of the Bina Karya Social Rehabilitation Office.  The results showed that in general the program of activities held at the Rehabilitation Office was very influential on the client, despite the slight changes experienced by the clients. Basically, of the many programs held at the hall, the most influencing of the lives of these clients is the skill activities.
Faktor Penghambat Dan Pendukung Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Kota Cirebon
Authors: Hoerudin Cecep Wahyu , Alia Siti , Sukmanita Maya
Published: February 2020

The research carried out aims to find out the extent of the implementation of Law Number 10 Year 2009 concerning Tourism, whether this policy has been properly implemented or not and to find out how the efforts made by policy providers (the Government) to advance the tourism potential in the city of Cirebon, especially Kejawan Beach. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive design because in this study, data collection through observation and interviews is obtained directly down to the field, therefore the techniques used were Purposive Sampling and Accidental techniques. The results of the study show that the implementation of Law Number 10 of 2009 has not gone well and there is still a lack of tourist attraction to visit the coast due to the lack of government attention to the shore beaches, and the lack of complete infrastructure and governance that has not been maximized in accordance with Law Number 10 of 2009.
Analisis Aset Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bandung
Authors: Kusumadewi Rahayu , Virginia Veren
Published: February 2020

Local government assets are one of the elements of the regional government balance sheet. Asset informaton in the balance sheet, describes the conditons of economic wealth owned by the local government. However, in the Bandung City Revenue Management Agency SKPD report, there was a decrease in the absolute value of the asset component, namely in the account of fixed assets, current assets and total assets. The purpose of the study was to analyze assets in the BPPD Bandung financial statements after a change in nomenclature, and to find out how the financial condition of Bandung BPPD, the ability of Bandung BPPD fulfill its obligations, and any indcators underlying the declnei in assets using ratios, includng; (1) Liquidty Ratoi, (2) Solvability Ratoi; and (3) Debt Ratio. Using descriptive-qualitative methods. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indcate that, after a change in nomenclature, changes in the basis of measurement underlying the preparation of financial statements, namely a combinaton of cash and accrual basis. The financial condition of the Bandung City BPPD 2016-2017, in fulfillng its oblgations in prime condition. Judging from financial ratios, in the form of liquidty ratios, solvency ratios, and debt ratios, Bandung BPPD has a very good value between the comparison of assets and liablities. The decrease in current assets was influenced by the increase in tax receivables. Thus, the increase in tax receivables affects the increase in allowance for tax receivables. This is caused by bad tax receivables. The decrease in fixed assets is affected by the transfer of fixed assets to other asset accounts. This is because the condition of fixed assets is damaged and is not feasible to be used as a fixed asset. Fixed assets that were severely damaged reached 11.3 M.
Dampak Pendapatan Asli Daerah Terhadap Belanja Langsung Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Sholeh Chaereyranba
Published: February 2020

This study has purpose to determine how the effect Regional Original Income to Direct Expenditures in West Bandung Regency for the period 2008-2017. This study uses the theory from Siregar (2015: 31) with method uses an associative type with a quantitative approach. This reseach useing secondary data with data collection techniques are literature studies (documentation) and field studies (observation). The population and sample of the study are the West Bandung Regency Regional Budget Realization Report 2008-2017.  Statistical testing uses multiple regression analysis it where to determine how much influence the PAD component has on Direct Spending with a significance level of α = 0.05 using the t-test with SPSS 20 program. Significant value for the influence of independent variables regional tax, regional retribution, separated regional wealth management results and other legitimate PAD which is Regional Original Income simultaneously to Direct Expenditures of 0,000 <0.05 and calculated F value of 68,983> F table of 4, 53. So that can be concluded of the independent variable namely Regional Original Income simultaneously influences the dependent variable of Direct Shopping in West Bandung Regency. The results is calculation of the determination coefficient and correlation coefficient that the effect of Regional Original Income on Direct Spending is 98.2% with a correlation level of 0.982 which means it belongs to the category of very strong relationships.  And the remaining 1.8% are influenced cause other variables not explained by the researcher.
Formación docente en desarrollo sostenible para la preservación de la biodiversidad.
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Darwin Jesús
Published: February 2020

El trabajo que seguidamente se presenta contiene parte de los resultados de la investigación identificada bajo el título“Programa de Formación Docente en Desarrollo Sostenible Para la Preservación de la Biodiversidad”, realizada en la Unidad Educativa “JoséRamón Traspuesto” de la parroquia Barinitas, municipio Bolívar del estado Barinas. Es un estudio cuyo desarrollo corresponde al paradigmacuantitativo, bajo la modalidad de un proyecto factible, apoyado en una investigación de campo de carácter descriptivo. La muestra de estudioestá integrada por 52 docentes de la institución. La recolección de la información requerida fue hecha a través de la técnica de la encuesta, ycomo instrumento fue diseñado un cuestionario integrado por 20 ítems con las alternativas Siempre (S), Algunas Veces (A V) y Nunca (N).Asimismo se recurre a la revisión de planteamientos teóricos relacionados con la temática de estudio. Para la validación del instrumento seacudió al juicio de expertos y al Coeficiente de Proporción de Rangos (CPR). La confiabilidad del instrumento fue calculada mediante elestadístico Alpha de Cronbach. Los datos recabados se analizaron en forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian:poca participación del personal docente en cursos y talleres en materia ambiental (desarrollo sostenible, biodiversidad). Conocimiento y usolimitado de estrategias para el logro de objetivos en el área ambiental. Un elevado porcentaje de docentes que no asumen una actitud proactivapara la solución de problemas ambientales de carácter local, nacional y global. Asimismo, se observa falta de interés por el manejo deinformación relacionada con el contenido y aplicación de leyes, tratados y convenios de naturaleza ambiental. Por otra parte, se pudo detectardeficiencias en lo relacionado con el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el desarrollo de las actividadesacadémicas, así como en la promoción de valores ambientales y relaciones equilibradas entre los integrantes de la comunidad. Otro aspecto amejorar tiene que ver con el hecho de que los docentes se muestran poco dispuestos a involucrarse en el fomento de actividades para laprotección de la biodiversidad y la adopción de estilos de vida sanos por parte de la ciudadanía. Este tipo de resultados llevaron al autor aproponer la realización del programa de formación docente que permita que los educadores del centro educativo objeto de análisis seactualicen y puedan asumir acciones que faciliten la participación protagónica de los demás integrantes de la comunidad en la defensa yconservación de los recursos del entorno.
Pedagogía para la convivencia y la paz: transformaciones que experimentan los docentes cuando vivencian la formación para la convivencia y la paz.
Authors: Villamizar-Ibarra Jesús
Published: February 2020

La educación para la paz y la convivencia en el ámbito de educación formal constituye una prioridad, no sólo por la situaciónde conflicto que afecta al país, sino también porque la escuela tiene una democracia centrada en el respeto por los derechos humanos y enacciones que propicien las relaciones interpersonales de manera constructiva. El objetivo general del estudio es caracterizar lastransformaciones que asumen los maestros a nivel de sus prácticas docentes cuando abordan la formación para la paz, mediante laidentificación de las prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas en la formación y las transformaciones que se experimentan cuando se enfrentan a laformación para la paz. Se utilizó un tipo de investigación con enfoque cualitativo y el método utilizado fue etnográfico, mediante la entrevistaa profundidad. La muestra se configuró a través de las diferentes etapas de recolección de datos. Se determinó que las percepciones de losprofesores de algunos planteles del Departamento de Norte de Santander encuestados evidencian actitudes positivas de parte de los profesoreshacia brindar ayudas a estudiantes para que desarrollen habilidades para la resolución de conflictos, para que vean los problemas desdemúltiples perspectivas, decisiones tomadas en grupo, comprender el valor de ayudar a otros y cumplimiento de un número de horas anualesdestinadas al servicio comunitario. Se percibió, además, que a pesar de estimular la sensibilidad social no se encaminan acciones hacia laevaluación de soluciones a problemas sociales, este aspecto se plantea pero en la práctica no se cumple satisfactoriamente, es así que losprofesores muestran una actitud más endógena que exógena.
Clinical and morphological features of malformations of the mitral valve complex
Authors: Trysvetava Е. , Yudina O.
Published: February 2020

The mitral valve complex is a multicomponent anatomically and functionally coordinated formation, ensuring the activity of the left ventricle and, in general, the heart. Congenital disorders of the structure, quantity, and form of the mitral complex components can be asymptomatic or cause hemodynamic changes that require surgery. Often, clinical signs of mitral complex abnormalities are manifested as mitral stenosis, regurgitation or its combination and contribute to misdiagnosis. To identify the morphological features of abnormalities by echocardiography, it is necessary to know the possible structure aberrations. The article describes the normal anatomy of the mitral valve complex and abnormalities of the fibrous ring, valve leaflets, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae.
Lung ultrasound in optimizing management of patients with heart failure: current status and future prospects
Authors: Kobalava Zh. D. , Safarova A. F. , Kokhan E. V. , Islamova M. R.
Published: February 2020

The review discusses the prognostic value and contribution to therapy optimization of lung ultrasound for heart failure patients.
Long-term mortality risk in hospitalized patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction
Authors: Galyavich A. S. , Mingalimova I. M. , Galeeva Z. M. , Baleeva L. V.
Published: February 2020

Aim. Comparative assessment of laboratory and instrumental parameters of patients with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction at admission and discharge from the hospital to determine the long-term mortality risk.

Material and methods. The clinical outcomes of 117 patients with stage II-III  (Strazhesko-Vasilenko Classification) heart failure (64 men and 53 women) were studied. All patients admitted to the hospital underwent laboratory and instrumental examination. The average follow-up for patients after discharge from the hospital was 3 years (12 to 44 months). The long-term mortality risks of HF patients were compared according to the examination data upon admission and discharge from the hospital.

Results. The long-term mortality risk factors of HF patients at admission are the levels of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) (risk 1,08, p=0,001), D-dimer (risk 1,062, p=0,018), urea (risk 1,048, p=0,016), creatinine (risk 1,006, p=0,016), alanine transaminase (risk 1,002, p=0,009). The long-term mortality risk factors of HF patients at discharge are urea (risk 1,141, p=0,001), N-terminal proBNP (risk 1,101, p=0,002), and the number of neutrophils (risk 1,064, p=0,002).

Conclusion. There is a difference in risk factors for long-term mortality risk of HF patients at admission and discharge from the hospital.