bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-Active Coping Inventory: Development and Validation for the Chilean Population
Authors: Barría-González Javier , Postigo Álvaro , Pérez-Luco Ricardo , Henríquez-Mesa Paulina , García-Cueto Eduardo
Published: August 2023

Co-active coping is a fundamental construct in organizational and work environments as it allows for the exploration of individual and group behaviors within organizations. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale called the Co-Active Coping Inventory in the Chilean context. The sample was comprised of 1,442 workers with an average age of 30.48 years (SD = 11.13). 55% were public-sector workers, 34.5% were workers in private commercial organizations, and 10.5% belonged to non-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factor analyses were performed, and the best exploratory model was verified with a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, multiple linear regressions were used to analyze which dimensions of co-active coping helped predict workers’ burnout (emotional exhaustion, affective hardening, and personal fulfillment) and symptomatology (psychological and somatic). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory approach, the Co-Active Coping Inventory showed a good fit to a structure of five correlated factors (Reflective Action, Rash Action, Search for Spiritual Support, Search for Affective Support and Evasion), demonstrating measurement invariance in terms of sex and type of organization. The different domains of co-active coping explain between 20% (emotional exhaustion) and 41% (affective hardening) of occupational burnout and around 3–5% of workers’ symptomatology, with reflective action being the most important variable. These results indicate that the new scale has suitable psychometric properties; it can assess coping strategies in the Chilean organizational context in a reliable and valid way. These coping strategies have demonstrated certain importance in relation to organizational and clinical variables.
Exploring the potential of electric weed control: a review
Authors: Slaven Miranda J. , Koch Maximilian , Borger Catherine P. D.
Published: August 2023

Weed management is a significant challenge that must be addressed both globally and in Australia, where traditional methods of control have become limited. The avoidance of mechanical practices has resulted in reduced erosion but has also led to an increased reliance on chemicals and a subsequent increase in rates of herbicide resistance. To address this challenge, alternative forms of weed management, such as electric weed control (electro-weeding), need to be considered. Electric weed control functions by transferring electrical current through the target plant following electrode contact, causing the plant’s cells to burst and either killing the plant or suppressing its growth. However, a multitude of variables, such as electrical power and speed of application, weed morphology, and site-specific environmental conditions, can impact the use of electric weed control and its efficacy. While electric weed control holds promise, and despite its recent global popularity with numerous companies producing machinery, the applicability, efficacy, and risks of using electric weed control internationally and in Australia have yet to be thoroughly analyzed. Given the existing knowledge gaps, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the theory and recent advances in electric weed control. Additionally, the review discusses the potential for resistance development and safety risks associated with electric weed control and presents an overview of modern machines and their application in various settings. It also highlights the need for further research to determine the applicability and efficacy of implementing this new weed control method before widespread adoption and integration into pest management strategies.
Remaining Between the Cracks – The Long-Term Effect of Different Suicide Risk Exclusion Criterion on Outcomes of an Online Intervention for Depression
Authors: Godinho Alexandra , Schell Christina , Cunningham John A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that excluding individuals at risk of suicide from online depression interventions can impact recruited sample characteristics. Aim: To determine if a small change in suicide risk exclusion criterion led to differences in the usage and effectiveness of an Internet depression intervention at 6 months of follow-up. Method: A partial sample of a recently completed online depression intervention trial was divided into two groups: those with no risk of suicide versus those with some risk. The two groups were compared for baseline demographic and clinical measures, as well as intervention uptake and treatment success across 6 months. Results: Overall, individuals with less risk of suicide at baseline reported significantly less severe clinical symptoms. Both groups interacted with the intervention at the same rate, but specific use of modules was different. Finally, the impact of intervention usage on outcomes over time did not vary by group. Limitations: While different suicide risk exclusion criteria can change recruited sample characteristics, it remains unclear how these differences impact intervention uptake and success. Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that researchers should exercise caution when excluding individuals at risk of suicide, as they greatly benefit from web-based interventions.
Connecting Large‐Scale Meteorological Patterns to Extratropical Cyclones in CMIP6 Climate Models Using Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Gore Michelle J. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Gervais Melissa M.
Published: August 2023

Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are responsible for the majority of cool‐season extreme events in the northeastern United States (NEUS), often leading to high‐impact weather conditions that can have wide‐ranging socioeconomic impacts. Evaluating the ability of climate models to adequately simulate ETC dynamics is essential for improving model performance and increasing confidence in future projections used by stakeholders and policymakers. ETCs are traditionally studied using techniques such as case studies and synoptic typing, however, these approaches can be time‐consuming, require subjective analysis, and do not necessarily identify the coincident large‐scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs). Here, we apply self‐organizing maps (SOMs) as an automated machine‐learning approach to characterize the LSMPs and associated frequency and intensity of discrete ETC events over NEUS. The dominant patterns of geopotential height variability are identified through SOM analysis of five reanalysis products during the last four decades. ETC events are tracked using TempestExtremes and are integrated with SOMs to classify the accumulated cyclone activity (ACA) associated with each pattern. We then evaluate the skill of CMIP6 historical experiments in simulating the LSMPs and ETC events identified in the SOM. Our results identify a robust bias toward more zonal patterns, with models struggling to reproduce the more amplified patterns typically associated with the highest cyclone activity. While model resolution has some impact on simulation credibility, model configuration appears to be more important in LSMP representation. The vast majority of CMIP6 models produce too few ETCs, although model errors are distributed around historical reanalyses when ACA is normalized by storm frequency.
Evaluating European ECOSTRESS Hub Evapotranspiration Products Across a Range of Soil‐Atmospheric Aridity and Biomes Over Europe
Authors: Hu Tian , Mallick Kaniska , Hitzelberger Patrik , Didry Yoanne , Boulet Gilles , Szantoi Zoltan , Koetz Benjamin , Alonso Itziar , Pascolini‐Campbell Madeleine , Halverson Gregory , Cawse‐Nicholson Kerry , Hulley Glynn C. , Hook Simon , Bhattarai Nishan , Olioso Albert , Roujean Jean‐Louis , Gamet Philippe , Su Bob
Published: August 2023

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) is a scientific mission that collects high spatio‐temporal resolution (∼70 m, 1–5 days average revisit time) thermal images since its launch on 29 June 2018. As a predecessor of future missions, one of the main objectives of ECOSTRESS is to retrieve and understand the spatio‐temporal variations in terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) and its responses to soil water availability and atmospheric aridity. In the European ECOSTRESS Hub (EEH), by taking advantage of land surface temperature (LST) retrievals, we generated ECOSTRESS ET products over Europe and Africa using three models with different structures and parameterization schemes, namely Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and Two Source Energy Balance (TSEB) parametric models, as well as the non‐parametric Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC) model. A comprehensive evaluation of the EEH ET products was conducted with respect to flux measurements from 19 eddy covariance sites in Europe over six different biomes with diverse aridity levels. Results revealed comparable performances of STIC and SEBS (RMSE of ∼70 W m−2). However, the relatively complex TSEB model produced a higher RMSE of ∼90 W m−2. Comparison between STIC ET estimates and the operational ECOSTRESS ET product from NASA PT‐JPL model showed a larger RMSE (around 50 W m−2 higher) for the PT‐JPL ET estimates. Substantial overestimation (>80 W m−2) in PT‐JPL ET estimates was evident over shrublands and savannas, presumably due to weak constraint of LST in the model. Overall, the EEH supports ET retrieval for the future high‐resolution thermal missions.
A Holistic Approach to Hydropower Data
Authors: Singh Debjani , Vezina Corey
Published: August 2023

A new online platform offers comprehensive data and tools about U.S. hydropower assets, enabling data-driven decisionmaking at the energy–water nexus.
Carbon Storage in Earth's Deep Interior Implied by Carbonate‐Silicate‐Iron Melt Miscibility
Authors: Davis A. H. , Solomatova N. V. , Caracas R. , Campbell A. J.
Published: August 2023

Carbonate melts have been proposed to exist in the lower mantle, but their interaction with other lower mantle melt compositions is poorly understood. To understand miscibility in the carbonate‐silicate‐metal melt system, we simulate endmember, binary, and ternary melt mixtures and study how their Gibbs free energies of mixing evolve with pressure. We find that carbonate‐metal and carbonate‐silicate melts have miscibility gaps that close with increasing pressure, while silicate‐metal melts are immiscible at all lower‐mantle pressures. Extending this analysis to the core‐mantle boundary, we suggest three miscible melt fields near the endmember carbonate, silicate, and iron melt compositions. Analysis of the densities of these miscible melt compositions indicates that some carbonate‐rich and some silicate‐rich melt compositions are gravitationally stable at the core‐mantle boundary and could be candidate compositions to explain ultra‐low velocity zones. Additionally, we evaluate the speciation of an example immiscible melt composition at various pressures throughout the mantle and identify reduced carbon species that would be expected to form in the melt. Our analysis reveals that a majority of Earth's carbon could have been transported to the core during core‐mantle differentiation and that much of Earth's carbon may be stored in the deep interior today.
Smooth muscle liver kinase B1 inhibits foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via direct phosphorylation and activation of SIRT6
Authors: Deng Qiming , Li Hongxuan , Yue Xiaolin , Guo Chenghu , Sun Yuanyuan , Ma Chang , Gao Jiangang , Wu Yue , Du Bin , Yang Jianmin , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Wencheng
Published: August 2023

Foam cell formation is a hallmark of the early phase of atherosclerosis. Growing evidence has demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) comprise a considerable proportion of foam cells. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) plays a crucial part in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of LKB1 in VSMC-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis remains unclear. To explore the effects of LKB1 on VSMC-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis, we generated smooth muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (LKB1SMKO) mice by crossbreeding LKB1flox/flox mice with SM22α-CreERT2 mice. LKB1 expression decreased in plaque-loaded aortas and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-treated VSMCs. Compared with controls, atherosclerosis development was exacerbated in LKB1SMKO mice via the promotion of VSMC-derived foam cell formation. Conversely, LKB1 overexpression inhibited lipid uptake and foam cell formation in VSMCs. Mechanistically, LKB1 binds to SIRT6 and directly phosphorylates and activates it, thereby reducing lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) via SIRT6-dependent histone deacetylation. Finally, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated LOX-1 deficiency in smooth muscle ameliorated atherosclerosis in LKB1SMKO mice. Our findings suggest that LKB1 may modulate VSMC-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via the phosphorylation and activation of SIRT6.
Super-resolution multicolor fluorescence microscopy enabled by an apochromatic super-oscillatory lens with extended depth-of-focus
Authors: Li Wenli , He Pei , Lei Dangyuan , Fan Yulong , Du Yangtao , Gao Bo , Chu Zhiqin , Li Longqiu , Liu Kaipeng , An Chengxu , Yuan Weizheng , Yu Yiting
Published: August 2023

Planar super-oscillatory lens (SOL), a far-field subwavelength-focusing diffractive device, holds great potential for achieving sub-diffraction-limit imaging at multiple wavelengths. However, conventional SOL devices suffer from a numerical-aperture-related intrinsic tradeoff among the depth of focus (DoF), chromatic dispersion and focusing spot size. Here, we apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach to design an apochromatic binary-phase SOL having a prolonged DoF, customized working distance (WD), minimized main-lobe size, and suppressed side-lobe intensity. Experimental implementation demonstrates simultaneous focusing of blue, green and red light beams into an optical needle of ~0.5λ in diameter and DOF > 10λ at WD = 428 μm. By integrating this SOL device with a commercial fluorescence microscope, we perform, for the first time, three-dimensional super-resolution multicolor fluorescence imaging of the “unseen” fine structures of neurons. The present study provides not only a practical route to far-field multicolor super-resolution imaging but also a viable approach for constructing imaging systems avoiding complex sample positioning and unfavorable photobleaching.
SYPL1 defines a vesicular pathway essential for sperm cytoplasmic droplet formation and male fertility
Authors: Liu Jiali , Hermo Louis , Ding Deqiang , Wei Chao , Mann Jeffrey M. , Yan Xiaoyuan , Melnick Ashley F. , Wu Yingjie , Withrow Alicia , Cibelli Jose , Hess Rex A. , Chen Chen
Published: August 2023

The cytoplasmic droplet is a conserved dilated area of cytoplasm situated at the neck of the sperm flagellum. Viewed as residual cytoplasm inherited from late spermatids, the cytoplasmic droplet contains numerous saccular elements as its key content. However, the origin of these saccules and the function of the cytoplasmic droplet have long been speculative. Here, we identify the molecular origin of these cytoplasmic droplet components by uncovering a vesicle pathway essential for formation and sequestration of saccules within the cytoplasmic droplet. This process is governed by a transmembrane protein SYPL1 and its interaction with VAMP3. Genetic ablation of SYPL1 in mice reveals that SYPL1 dictates the formation and accumulation of saccular elements in the forming cytoplasmic droplet. Derived from the Golgi, SYPL1 vesicles are critical for segregation of key metabolic enzymes within the forming cytoplasmic droplet of late spermatids and epididymal sperm, which are required for sperm development and male fertility. Our results uncover a mechanism to actively form and segregate saccules within the cytoplasmic droplet to promote sperm fertility.
Thermodynamical framework for effective mitigation of high aerosol loading in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter
Authors: Acharja Prodip , Ghude Sachin D. , Sinha Baerbel , Barth Mary , Govardhan Gaurav , Kulkarni Rachana , Sinha Vinayak , Kumar Rajesh , Ali Kaushar , Gultepe Ismail , Petit Jean-Eudes , Rajeevan Madhavan Nair
Published: August 2023

The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) experiences severe air pollution every winter, with ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate as the major inorganic fractions of fine aerosols. Many past attempts to tackle air pollution in the IGP were inadequate, as they targeted a subset of the primary pollutants in an environment where the majority of the particulate matter burden is secondary in nature. Here, we provide new mechanistic insight into aerosol mitigation by integrating the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamical model with high-resolution simultaneous measurements of precursor gases and aerosols. A mathematical framework is explored to investigate the complex interaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). Aerosol acidity (pH) and ALWC emerge as governing factors that modulate the gas-to-particle phase partitioning and mass loading of fine aerosols. Six "sensitivity regimes" were defined, where PM1 and PM2.5 fall in the "HCl and HNO3 sensitive regime", emphasizing that HCl and HNO3 reductions would be the most effective pathway for aerosol mitigation in the IGP, which is ammonia-rich during winter. This study provides evidence that precursor abatement for aerosol mitigation should not be based on their descending mass concentrations but instead on their sensitivity to high aerosol loading.
A separable temporal convolutional networks based deep learning technique for discovering antiviral medicines
Authors: Singh Vishakha , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: August 2023

An alarming number of fatalities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the scientific community to accelerate the process of therapeutic drug discovery. In this regard, the collaboration between biomedical scientists and experts in artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a number of in silico tools being developed for the initial screening of therapeutic molecules. All living organisms produce antiviral peptides (AVPs) as a part of their first line of defense against invading viruses. The Deep-AVPiden model proposed in this paper and its corresponding web app, deployed at https://deep-avpiden.anvil.app, is an effort toward discovering novel AVPs in proteomes of living organisms. Apart from Deep-AVPiden, a computationally efficient model called Deep-AVPiden (DS) has also been developed using the same underlying network but with point-wise separable convolutions. The Deep-AVPiden and Deep-AVPiden (DS) models show an accuracy of 90% and 88%, respectively, and both have a precision of 90%. Also, the proposed models were statistically compared using the Student’s t-test. On comparing the proposed models with the state-of-the-art classifiers, it was found that they are much better than them. To test the proposed model, we identified some AVPs in the natural defense proteins of plants, mammals, and fishes and found them to have appreciable sequence similarity with some experimentally validated antimicrobial peptides. These AVPs can be chemically synthesized and tested for their antiviral activity.
Influence of knee flexion angle on graft bending angle during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the transportal technique
Authors: Chung Kwangho , Choi Chong Hyuk , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Sung-Jae , Choi Hee Chan , Jung Min
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine change in the graft bending angle (GBA) according to various knee flexion angles in creating femoral tunnel by the transportal technique in ACL reconstruction, and to reveal knee flexion angle minimizing GBA while maintaining stable femoral tunnel characteristics. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using the transportal technique between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into three groups according to knee flexion angle when creating femoral tunnel (group 1: < 120° (n = 19); group 2: 120–129° (n = 32); group 3: ≥ 130° (n = 33). GBA was measured on three-dimensional knee model reconstructed from postoperative computed tomography images. The length of the femoral tunnel and posterior wall blow-out were also checked. There was significant difference of GBA between the groups (group 1 = 112.1°; group 2 = 106.4°; group 3 = 101.4°, p < 0.001). The knee flexion angle in creating femoral tunnel was negatively correlated with GBA (r = − 0.733, p < 0.001). Five patients in group 1 had short femoral tunnel. GBA was influenced by knee flexion angle in creating femoral tunnel and got more acute as the knee flexion angle increased. Considering length and risk of wall blow-out in femoral tunnel, and GBA, knee flexion angle between 120 and 130° could be recommended as appropriate angle to create optimal femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction using the transportal technique.
Visualization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data of mouse organs based on the feature extraction method
Authors: Wang Weiliang , Hu Zhenlin , Chen Feng , Zhang Deng , Chu Yanwu , Guo Lianbo
Published: August 2023

At present, there is no comprehensive and systematic research on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data visualization.
Unravelling the influence of side-chain symmetry on device performance: insights from isoindigo-based polymers in thin-film transistors
Authors: Hu Anita , Nyayachavadi Audithya , Weires Max , Garg Garima , Wang Sihong , Rondeau-Gagné Simon
Published: August 2023

Semiconducting polymers bearing either symmetric or asymmetric side chains were evaluated in thin-film transistors to examine the influence of side-chain design on key materials properties.
Stabilisation of the RirA [4Fe–4S] cluster results in loss of iron-sensing function
Authors: Gray Elizabeth , Stewart Melissa Y. Y. , Hanwell Libby , Crack Jason C. , Devine Rebecca , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Volbeda Anne , Johnston Andrew W. B. , Fontecilla-Camps Juan C. , Hutchings Matthew I. , Todd Jonathan D. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: August 2023

The regulator RirA senses Fe through its [4Fe–4S] cluster, which may have only three Cys ligands from the protein. Addition of a likely fourth Asp ligand stabilised the cluster, rendering it unable to sense Fe and locked into its DNA-binding state.
Light-modulation of gel stiffness: a glyconucleoside based bolaamphiphile as a photo-cleavable low molecular weight gelator
Authors: Bansode Nitin , Verget Julien , Barthélémy Philippe
Published: August 2023

A photo-cleavable glyconucleoside bolaamphiphile (GNBAhv) featuring a nitrophenyl unit is reported. The stiffness of the GNBAhv based gels can be modulated upon light irradiation.
Water-resistance chitosan film through enzymatic treatment and layer-by-layer assembly with bacterial cellulose for food packaging materials
Authors: Cheung Ka Man , Chong Hio Lam , Jiang Zhuolun , Ngai To
Published: August 2023

By interpreting bacterial cellulose (BC) through grafting chitosan with lauryl gallate (CT-LG), it exhibited exceptional hydrophobic properties while also employing a sustainable approach to chemical synthesis as a green packaging material.
Sensing nucleotide composition in virus RNA
Authors: Lo Raymon , Gonçalves-Carneiro Daniel
Published: August 2023

Nucleotide composition plays a crucial role in the structure, function and recognition of RNA molecules. During infection, virus RNA is exposed to multiple endogenous proteins that detect local or global compositional biases and interfere with virus replication. Recent advancements in RNA:protein mapping technologies have enabled the identification of general RNA-binding preferences in the human proteome at basal level and in the context of virus infection. In this review, we explore how cellular proteins recognise nucleotide composition in virus RNA and the impact these interactions have on virus replication. Protein-binding G-rich and C-rich sequences are common examples of how host factors detect and limit infection, and, in contrast, viruses may have evolved to purge their genomes from such motifs. We also give examples of how human RNA-binding proteins inhibit virus replication, not only by destabilising virus RNA, but also by interfering with viral protein translation and genome encapsidation. Understanding the interplay between cellular proteins and virus RNA composition can provide insights into host–virus interactions and uncover potential targets for antiviral strategies.
Longitudinal Grammaticality Judgments of Tense Marking in Complex Questions in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment, Ages 5–18 Years
Authors: Rice Mabel L. , Earnest Kathleen Kelsey , Hoffman Lesa
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Identification of children with specific language impairment (SLI) can be difficult even though their language can lag that of age peers throughout childhood. A clinical grammar marker featuring tense marking in simple clauses is valid and reliable for young children but is limited by ceiling effects around the age of 8 years. This study evaluated a new, more grammatically challenging complex sentence task in children affected or unaffected with SLI in longitudinal data, ages 5–18 years.

Method:

Four hundred eighty-three children (213 unaffected, 270 affected) between 5 and 18 years of age participated, following a rolling recruitment longitudinal design encompassing a total of 4,148 observations. The new experimental grammaticality judgment task followed linguistic concepts of syntactic sites for finiteness and movement within complex clauses. Growth modeling methods evaluated group differences over time for four different outcomes; three were hypothesized to evaluate optional omissions of overt finiteness forms in authorized sentence sites, and one evaluated an overt error of tense marking.

Results:

As in earlier studies of younger children, growth models for the SLI group were consistently lower than the unaffected group, although the growth trajectories across groups did not differ. The results replicated across four item types defined by omissions with minor differences for an item with an overt error of tense marking. Covariates of child nonverbal IQ, mother's education, and child sex did not significantly moderate these effects.

Conclusion:

The outcomes support the task as having potential screening value for identification of children with SLI and are consistent with linguistic interpretations of task demands.
Short‐term prediction of behind‐the‐meter PV power based on attention‐LSTM and transfer learning
Authors: Zhang Jinjiang , Hong Liqing , Ibrahim Shamsuddeen Nyako , He Yuanru
Published: August 2023

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems often lack adequate measurements due to cost considerations, which makes it very difficult to predict them accurately. Here, an approach is proposed for behind‐the‐meter (BTM) PV power prediction using attention‐LSTM neural network and transfer learning. First, the weather is classified into four types based on the deviation ratio β. Second, the correlation analysis algorithm identifies the weather factors that contribute the most to PV power generation as GHI, DNI, humidity, and temperature. Then, attention‐LSTM pre‐trained model is constructed, in which the LSTM network fully extracts the temporal characteristics of PV power generation, while the attention mechanism enhances the attention to the important information in the input. Finally, a novel BTM PV short‐term power prediction method using transfer learning that the upper layer parameters of the pre‐trained model were frozen, and a small amount of DP‐NB data was used to fine‐tune the model. The proposed methodology has higher prediction accuracy compared with other benchmark methods under four weather types, and the time cost is saved by freezing the parameters of the first layer of the network by 37.2%.
An immune‐related multi‐omics analysis of dolichyl‐diphosphooligosaccharide protein glycosyltransferase in glioma: Prognostic value exploration and competitive endogenous RNA network identification
Authors: Liu Jie , Feng Chao , Liu Min , Zhou Yan , Shen Yuezhen , Li Jianxin , Wei Xiangyang
Published: August 2023

Dolichyl‐diphosphooligosaccharide protein glycosyltransferase (DDOST) plays a pivotal role in the glycosylation of asparagine residues on nascent polypeptides. However, the biological role of DDOST in glioma remains unclear. The mRNA expression of DDOST in glioma was identified using TCGA, CGGA, GEO and Rembrandt datasets. Immunohistochemistry assay was conducted to examine the protein level of DDOST. Cox regression analysis, nomograms and calibration plots were used to evaluate the prognostic value of DDOST. The association between DDOST and immune cell infiltration was evaluated using CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, DNA methylation and ceRNA regulatory network of DDOST expression were investigated using the LinkedOmics and ENCORI databases. The authors found that DDOST was substantially expressed at the mRNA and protein levels. Functional enrichment analysis revealed close associations between DDOST and immune‐related pathways, as well as immune cell infiltration. In addition, DDOST exhibited synergistic effects with tumour mutational burden (TMB) and other immune checkpoints. For expression regulation mechanisms, DDOST had low DNA methylation levels in high‐grade gliomas and may be involved in multiple ceRNA networks in glioma. Thus, DDOST may serve as an unfavourable biomarker for gliomas. DNA methylation and ceRNA regulatory networks of DDOST expression were identified for the first time in this multi‐omics study.
The first detection of SiC2 in the interstellar medium
Authors: Massalkhi S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Martín-Pintado J. , Rivilla V. M. , Colzi L. , Zeng S. , Martín S. , Tercero B. , de Vicente P. , Requena-Torres M. A.
Published: August 2023

We report the first detection of SiC2 in the interstellar medium. The molecule was identified through six rotational transitions toward G +0.693-0.027, a molecular cloud located in the Galactic center. The detection is based on a line survey carried out with the GBT, the Yebes 40m, and the IRAM 30m telescopes covering a range of frequencies from 12 to 276 GHz. We fit the observed spectra assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and derive a column density of (1.02 ± 0.04) × 1013 cm−2, which gives a fractional abundance of 7.5 × 10−11 with respect to H2, and an excitation temperature of 5.9 ± 0.2 K. We conclude that SiC2 can be formed in the shocked gas by a reaction between the sputtered atomic silicon and C2H2, or it can be released directly from the dust grains due to disruption. We also search for other Si-bearing molecules and detect eight rotational transitions of SiS and four transitions of Si18O. The derived fractional abundances are 3.9 × 10−10 and 2.1 × 10−11, respectively. All Si-bearing species toward G+0.693−0.027 show fractional abundances well below what is typically found in late-type evolved stars.
Parsec scales of carbon chain and complex organic molecules in AFGL 2591 and IRAS 20126
Authors: Freeman P. , Bottinelli S. , Plume R. , Caux E. , Monaghan C. , Mookerjea B.
Published: August 2023

Context. There is a diverse chemical inventory in protostellar regions leading to the classification of extreme types of systems. Warm carbon chain chemistry sources, for one, are the warm and dense regions near a protostar containing unsaturated carbon chain molecules. Since the presentation of this definition in 2008, there is a growing field to detect and characterise these sources. The details are lesser known in relation to hot cores and in high-mass star-forming regions - regions of great importance in galactic evolution.

Aims. To investigate the prevalence of carbon chain species and their environment in high-mass star-forming regions, we have conducted targeted spectral surveys of two sources in the direction of Cygnus X - AFGL 2591 and IRAS 20126+4104.

Methods. We observed these sources in frequency ranges around 85, 96, and 290 GHz with the Green Bank Telescope and the IRAM 30m Telescope. We have constructed a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model using the observed molecular spectra to determine the physical environment in which these molecules originate. We map both the observed spatial distribution and the physical parameters found from the LTE model. We also determine the formation routes of these molecules in each source using the three-phase NAUTILUS chemical evolution code.

Results. We detect several lines of propyne, CH3CCH, and cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2 as tracers of carbon chain chemistry, as well as several lines of formaldehyde, H2CO, and methanol, CH3OH, as a precursor and a tracer of complex organic molecule chemistry, respectively. We find excitation temperatures of 20−30 K for the carbon chains and 8−85 K for the complex organics. The observed abundances, used as input for the chemical evolution code, are 10−9 to 10−10 for both CH3CCH and CH3OH. The CH3CCH abundances are reproduced by a warm-up model, consistent with warm carbon chain chemistry, while the observed CH3OH abundances require a shock mechanism sputtering the molecules into the gas phase.

Conclusions. Single-dish observations are useful for studying the envelope-scale chemistry of star-forming regions, including mechanisms such as warm carbon chain chemistry. As well, LTE models lend well to the wide-band maps obtained from these telescopes. The physical and chemical environment determined for complex hydrocarbons and complex organics lends understanding to high-mass star formation.
Overview of the III International Conference on Geotechnology, Mining and Rational Use of Natural Resources – GeoTech-2023
Authors: Mardonov Bakhtiyor , Nurmurodov Tulkin , Abrorov Akbar , Kadirov Yorkin , Kovalev Igor
Published: August 2023

The Overview is devoted to the main results of the III International Conference “GeoTech-2023” which was held by Navoi State University of Mining and Technologies in Uzbekistan on 16-17 June 2023. It describes the main directions and gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Reducing the environmental footprint in hatcheries through a new approach to sexing bird eggs
Authors: Aleynikov Alexander , Yakovina Irina , Osipenko Ivan
Published: August 2023

Industrial poultry farming can satisfy the population’s need for meat up to 98%, and for eggs – 92%. With the growth of world production of poultry products, the volume of hatchery waste also increases, because the hatched cockerel chicks are destroyed after incubation due to the inefficiency of their further cultivation (more than 7 billion). Determination of the sex of the embryo in the egg before incubation will significantly reduce the cost of egg production and the environmental burden from the activities of poultry farms. Within the framework of this article, the tasks of developing models for determining the sex of an embryo in a bird egg before incubation using machine learning (ML) methods are solved. During the first experiment, the identifiability of each of the samples was checked by the ML methods. During the second experiment, using various methods (decision trees, random forests, adaptive boosting, logistic regression and support vectors), a preliminary set of models was obtained. The third experiment ended with the formation of the resulting set of features and obtaining the final ML model. This made it possible to determine the sex of the embryo using 16 geometric parameters of the egg with an acceptable level of accuracy.
Evaluation of the various reagents sorption activity with respect to rare earth elements
Authors: Krasavtseva Eugenia
Published: August 2023

Pilot experiments to remove lanthanum and cerium ions from model one-component solutions using reagents: opoka, brucite, amorphous silica, thermovermiculite (500 °С, 2 hours), sawdust, thermally activated brucite (600 °С, 2 hours), activated carbon, zeolite, were carried out. Promising sorbents of rare-earth elements of the light group have been identified, which can be used to purify water with a high content of the elements under consideration or in combined sorption technologies for restoring disturbed lands in the areas of extraction and enrichment of rare metal ores.
Investigation of gold content in the bio-oxidation process
Authors: Nurmurodov Tulkin , Saidova Nodira , Ashurov Oybek , Rakhimova Gulrukh , Fuzaylov Omon , Narzullaev Jakhongir
Published: August 2023

In this study, the process of bio-oxidation of flotation concentrate from the flotation of gold-sulfide ores and sorption cyanidation of the bio-oxidation product were analyzed, and the content of dispersed gold in pyrite, arsenopyrite, and carbonaceous matter was determined. The article also presents the results of laboratory studies on the behavior of gold ions at different stages of leaching, analysis of the gold content in solid samples after acid and alkaline treatment, as well as a semi-quantitative elemental composition. The formation of jarosite minerals was studied at high concentrations of chloride ions and on the surface of pyrite and negatively affects the oxidation of pyrite/arsenopyrite.
The method of averaging over a movable liquid control volume for some problems of fluid mechanics
Authors: Dalabaev U. , Ikramova M.
Published: August 2023

The paper considers the method of averaging over a movable liquid control volume for some problems of fluid mechanics. The authors study the process of obtaining a solution for the problem of fluid flow with different configurations along the cross section of a pipe with a filled porous medium, as well as flow in an open-flow channel. Obtaining an approximate analytical solution based on a movable control volume is described. The well-known control volume method used in numerical analysis is used considering its displacement. The method of displacement makes it possible to obtain an analytical representation of the solution of the problem under consideration. At the same time, obtaining an analytical solution method is achieved by averaging the equation describing the flows over the control volume. Based on the obtained solution in the limit, we obtain solutions to the problem without considering porous media, and with different pipe cross-sections (flat, round, ellipsoidal and rectangular). With certain configurations of the pipe section, an exact solution is obtained.
Energy saving technologies in the heat supply systems of Uzbekistan
Authors: Koroli Mekhriya , Khoshimova Feruza , Ivanisova Adeliya
Published: August 2023

The paper attempted to show the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency and reliability of heat supply services, as well as the quality of heating and hot water supply, by proposing the transition of heat supply systems to closed consumer connection schemes. The authors analyzed the results of experimental studies of elevator inputs that are not able to provide the required parameters in the heating system in time and schemes for connecting hot water to heating networks that have serious drawbacks, on the “Sergeli” and “Yunus-Obod” districts in Tashkent. As the analysis showed, the elevator connection of heating systems and the classical scheme for connecting open hot water supply systems do not provide stable heating modes and guaranteed water supply to places of water parsing with a temperature in the range of 60-70 °C. It is clear that it is necessary to reconsider decisions on connecting subscribers to the heat networks, to choose the best options that will normalize the supply of heating to consumers. In this regard, in the republic, it is proposed to use closed systems: heating the coolant through the heat exchange device of the house`s heating point from the boiler room.
Methods for reducing the temperature components of magnetomodulation DC convertors errors
Authors: Amirov Sultan F. , Ataullayev Nodir O. , Ataullayev Amin O. , Muxammadov Bobur Q. , Majidov Ahror U.
Published: August 2023

Reliability is called not only one of the main characteristics of the magnetic modulation DC converters, but also the ability to correctly perform the required function of the measuring device in the specified operating modes and operating conditions for a certain period of time. One of the main tasks in the development of magnetic modulation DC converters is to reduce the number of inference errors. Magnetic modulation DC converters errors include the main errors which are technological and corrective errors, internal sources of additional errors, external sources of additional errors which can be static errors, dynamic errors.
Environmental indicators of dual-fuel hydrogen engine
Authors: Kuleshov Andrei , Kuleshov Aleksey , Gordin Mikhail , Markov Vladimir , Karpets Feodor , Shlenov Matvey
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen is considered as a promising gas engine fuel for diesel engines. The problems that occur when converting engines to work on hydrogen are presented. Reliable ignition of hydrogen in the engine is achieved by implementing a two-fuel cycle. In this case, hydrogen ignites from the diesel fuel combustion. Calculations of diesel fuel and hydrogen supply effect on the workflow of a dual-fuel engine of the D-245 type were realized. The main indicators of the engine are calculated when the hydrogen supply changes from 0 to 80%. A criterion characterizing the total toxicity of engine exhaust gases is proposed. The optimal supply of hydrogen was 40%. With such a supply of hydrogen, there was a decrease in the smokiness of exhaust gases by 53%, carbon dioxide emissions by 44%, but the emission of nitrogen oxides increased by 27%. With an increase in the supply of hydrogen from 0 to 40%, the maximum calculated effective performance of engine increased by 7.1%.
Determination of RDM wear by photometric method
Authors: Laponov Sergey , Erushonkov Alexander
Published: August 2023

The paper provides an overview of the design features of low-volume RDM rotary-disk mixers, as well as methods for evaluating the quality of mixer operation. It is shown that the most qualitative method is the photometric method. The described method is simple to carry out, quite accurate, allows you to determine many parameters such as the average particle size of the diperse phase, build a graph of the distribution of the number of particles by size, and much more. The dependence of the gap between the rotating and stationary disks on the size of the dispersed phase of the emulsion is determined. It is noted that an increase in the distance between the disks by 0.003 m will lead to an increase in the average particle size of the dispersed phase by approximately 3 times. It is obvious that an increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor, to maintain the quality of the mixture, with an increase in the gap between the disks, leads to an increase in the specific power consumption. In this regard, determining the degree of wear of the apparatus allows you to accurately and timely control the technological mode of processing the emulsion, minimizing operating and energy costs.
Refinement of the contamination formation mechanism in the pneumatic transporting system of a cotton harvester using a new U-shaped receiving chamber
Authors: Matchanov Rafik , Yuldashev Abdurakhim , Kuldoshev Davronbek , Djuraeva Nargiza
Published: August 2023

The relevance of reducing raw cotton contamination during machine harvesting is substantiated in this article. The morphological composition of impurity elements in raw cotton, obtained during years of experience, is given; it shows that fine trash amounts to 63.93% -75.1% and is difficult to clean when processing cotton. The experimental results of a new U-shaped receiving chamber are presented, which confirm the reduction of contamination of raw cotton by up to 30% compared to serial receiving chambers. Mathematical models are presented for calculating the contamination of raw cotton using a U-shaped receiving chamber. The mechanism of impurity saturation of raw cotton during its transport in the pipes of the pneumatic transport system of the cotton harvester is substantiated. A comparison of the calculated data on the contamination of raw cotton with the experimental data obtained using a new U-shaped receiving chamber showed that the error limit is 4.8÷9.1%.
Accident analysis at oil refining and gas consumption facilities
Authors: Zotov Maksim , Ponikarova Anna
Published: August 2023

Today one of the priority goals of any organization operating hazardous production facilities is to increase the level of industrial safety at all stages of the enterprise’s life cycle. To select methods and tools, namely various technical and organizational measures aimed at increasing the level of industrial safety it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of emergency situations, their consequences, and also consider the causes of their occurrence. This analysis will make it possible to predict the state of an industrial facility, and its compliance with the declared level of industrial safety.
Geoecological monitoring of the “Mustaqillikning 25 уilligi” gas field
Authors: Gelievich Vakhromeev Andrey , Azimjonovich Boboev Aziz , Namozov Nodirbek , Khushvaqtov Shakhboz
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes an unified system of results of state geoecological monitoring at a gas field in southern Uzbekistan, highlights problematic geoecological aspects in the exploration and development of gas fields of this system, and explores the legal basis for the activities of subjects of the state environmental monitoring system. The necessity of changing and supplementing the legislation is indicated for more effective management of nature and ensuring geoecological safety with the help of the Geoenvironmental monitoring system. The necessity of creating a regional system of geoecological monitoring is substantiated and equipped with modern software for online monitoring of the state of the environment in Surkhandarya region.
The effect of the amount of lithium in aluminum lithium alloys on the property of fluidity
Authors: Tursunbaev Sarvar , Ashirbaev Azim , Valiev A’zamjon , Xalimov Moxir , Tashimov Nurlan
Published: August 2023

The fluidity property is one of the properties that occupies an important place in the process of casting alloys. The higher the fluidity property of metal and alloy, the better it fills the thin and thin areas of the mold when liquefied. The authors of the article researched the effect of the lithium fluoride compound on the fluidity property of aluminum alloy. Research has been carried out on aluminum brands AK7 and D16. Based on the experiments carried out, the researchers draw their conclusions at the end of the article.
Development of a deethanizer rectification column computer model in Aspenhysys software environment
Authors: Yusupbekov Nodirbek , Adilov Farux , Aytbaev Janibek
Published: August 2023

A computer model of the deethanizer rectification column in the Aspenhysys software environment has been developed. All input necessary parameters were entered and the output target product ethane was obtained. This paper provides results of research related to modelling of distillation columns based on example typical Deethanizer.