bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of hospitalized severe influenza cases according to the outcome variable in Catalonia, Spain, during the 2017–2018 season
Authors: Soldevila Núria , Acosta Lesly , Martínez Ana , Godoy Pere , Torner Núria , Rius Cristina , Jané Mireia , Domínguez Angela ,   the Surveillance of Hospitalized Cases of Severe Influenza in Catalonia Working Group, Alsedà M. , Álvarez J. , Arias C. , Balañà P. J. , Barrabeig I. , Camps N. , Carol M. , Ferràs J. , Ferrús G. , Follia N. , Bach P. , Minguell S. , Parrón I. , Plasència E. , Sala-Farré M. R. , Torra R. , Torres J. , Marcos M. A. , Mosquera M. M. , Vilella A. , Antón A. , Pumarola T. , Campins M. , García D. , Oller Perez-Hita A. , Espejo E. , Freixas N. , Riera Garcia M. , Maraver E. , Mas D. , Pérez R. , Rebull J. , Pou J. , García-Pardo G. , Olona M. , Barcenilla F. , Castellana D. , Navarro-Rubio G. , Force L. , Mòdol-Deltell J. M. , Mena G. , Matas L. , Alvarez A. , Torrel J. M.
Published: June 2021

Influenza is an important cause of severe illness and death among patients with underlying medical conditions and in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with ICU admission and death in patients hospitalized with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2017–2018 season in Catalonia. An observational epidemiological case-to-case study was carried out. Reported cases of severe laboratory-confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization in 2017–2018 influenza season were included. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used to estimate the factors associated with ICU admission and death. A total of 1306 cases of hospitalized severe influenza cases were included, of whom 175 (13.4%) died and 217 (16.6%) were ICU admitted. Age 65–74 years and ≥ 75 years and having ≥ 2 comorbidities were positively associated with death (aOR 3.19; 95%CI 1.19–8.50, aOR 6.95, 95%CI 2.76–1.80 and aOR 1.99; 95%CI 1.12–3.52, respectively). Neuraminidase inhibitor treatment and pneumonia were negatively associated with death. The 65–74 years and ≥ 75 years age groups were negatively associated with ICU admission (aOR 0.41; 95%CI 0.23–0.74 and aOR 0.30; 95%CI 0.17–0.53, respectively). A factor positively associated with ICU admission was neuraminidase inhibitor treatment. Our results support the need to investigate the worst outcomes of hospitalized severe cases, distinguishing between death and ICU admission.
Modelling groundwater quality of the Athabasca River Basin in the subarctic region using a modified SWAT model
Authors: Meshesha Tesfa Worku , Wang Junye , Melaku Nigus Demelash , McClain Cynthia N.
Published: June 2021

Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) because it does not adequately model nutrient percolation processes in the soil. The objectives of this study were to extend the SWAT module to simulate groundwater quality for the parameters nitrate and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the SWAT model for the Athabasca River Basin in Canada revealed a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality. This result achieved satisfactory values for coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). For nitrate, the model performance measures R2 ranged from 0.66–0.83 during calibration and NSE from 0.61–0.83. R2 is 0.71 during validation and NSE ranged from 0.69–0.75. Likewise, for TDS, the model performance measures R2 ranged from 0.61–0.82 during calibration and from 0.58–0.62 during validation. When coupled with soil zone and land surface processes, nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater can be simulated with the SWAT model. This indicated that SWAT may be helpful in evaluating adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for regional-scale modelling of nutrient loads, and to support and effective surface and groundwater management.
A bioelectric model of carcinogenesis, including propagation of cell membrane depolarization and reversal therapies
Authors: Carvalho Joao
Published: June 2021

As the main theory of carcinogenesis, the Somatic Mutation Theory, increasingly presents difficulties to explain some experimental observations, different theories are being proposed. A major alternative approach is the Tissue Organization Field Theory, which explains cancer origin as a tissue regulation disease instead of having a mainly cellular origin. This work fits in the latter hypothesis, proposing the bioelectric field, in particular the cell membrane polarization state, and ionic exchange through ion channels and gap junctions, as an important mechanism of cell communication and tissue organization and regulation. Taking into account recent experimental results and proposed bioelectric models, a computational model of cancer initiation was developed, including the propagation of a cell depolarization wave in the tissue under consideration. Cell depolarization leads to a change in its state, with the activation and deactivation of several regulation pathways, increasing cell proliferation and motility, changing its epigenetic state to a more stem cell-like behavior without the requirement of genomic mutation. The intercellular communication via gap junctions leads, in certain circumstances, to a bioelectric state propagation to neighbor cells, in a chain-like reaction, till an electric discontinuity is reached. However, this is a reversible process, and it was shown experimentally that, by implementing a therapy targeted on cell ion exchange channels, it is possible to reverse the state and repolarize cells. This mechanism can be an important alternative way in cancer prevention, diagnosis and therapy, and new experiments are proposed to test the presented hypothesis.
Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample
Authors: Graham Eva , Watson Tristan , Deschênes Sonya S. , Filion Kristian B. , Henderson Mélanie , Harper Sam , Rosella Laura C. , Schmitz Norbert
Published: June 2021

This cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.
Data-driven time-dependent state estimation for interfacial fluid mechanics in evaporating droplets
Authors: Andalib Sahar , Taira Kunihiko , Kavehpour H. Pirouz
Published: June 2021

Droplet evaporation plays crucial roles in biodiagnostics, microfabrication, and inkjet printing. Experimentally studying the evolution of a sessile droplet consisting of two or more components needs sophisticated equipment to control the vast parameter space affecting the physical process. On the other hand, the non-axisymmetric nature of the problem, attributed to compositional perturbations, introduces challenges to numerical methods. In this work, droplet evaporation problem is studied from a new perspective. We analyze a sessile methanol droplet evolution through data-driven classification and regression techniques. The models are trained using experimental data of methanol droplet evolution under various environmental humidity levels and substrate temperatures. At higher humidity levels, the interfacial tension and subsequently contact angle increase due to higher water uptake into droplet. Therefore, different regimes of evolution are observed due to adsorption–absorption and possible condensation of water which turns the droplet from a single component into a binary system. In this work, machine learning and data-driven techniques are utilized to estimate the regime of droplet evaporation, the time evolution of droplet base diameter and contact angle, and level of surrounding humidity. Droplet regime is estimated by classification algorithms through point-by-point analysis of droplet profile. Decision tree demonstrates a better performance compared to Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier. Additionally, the level of surrounding humidity, as well as the time evolution of droplet base diameter and contact angle, are estimated by regression algorithms. The estimation results show promising performance for four cases of methanol droplet evolution under conditions unseen by the model, demonstrating the model’s capability to capture the complex physics underlying binary droplet evolution.
Antifungal activity of dendritic cell lysosomal proteins against Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Nelson Benjamin N. , Beakley Savannah G. , Posey Sierra , Conn Brittney , Maritz Emma , Seshu Janakiram , Wozniak Karen L.
Published: June 2021

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening disease among immune compromised individuals that is caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Previous studies have shown that the fungus is phagocytosed by dendritic cells (DCs) and trafficked to the lysosome where it is killed by both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms. While certain molecules from the lysosome are known to kill or inhibit the growth of C. neoformans, the lysosome is an organelle containing many different proteins and enzymes that are designed to degrade phagocytosed material. We hypothesized that multiple lysosomal components, including cysteine proteases and antimicrobial peptides, could inhibit the growth of C. neoformans. Our study identified the contents of the DC lysosome and examined the anti-cryptococcal properties of different proteins found within the lysosome. Results showed several DC lysosomal proteins affected the growth of C. neoformans in vitro. The proteins that killed or inhibited the fungus did so in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the concentration of protein needed for cryptococcal inhibition was found to be non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. These data show that many DC lysosomal proteins have antifungal activity and have potential as immune-based therapeutics.
Mitochondrial genomes of two Polydora (Spionidae) species provide further evidence that mitochondrial architecture in the Sedentaria (Annelida) is not conserved
Authors: Ye Lingtong , Yao Tuo , Lu Jie , Jiang Jingzhe , Bai Changming
Published: June 2021

Contrary to the early evidence, which indicated that the mitochondrial architecture in one of the two major annelida clades, Sedentaria, is relatively conserved, a handful of relatively recent studies found evidence that some species exhibit elevated rates of mitochondrial architecture evolution. We sequenced complete mitogenomes belonging to two congeneric shell-boring Spionidae species that cause considerable economic losses in the commercial marine mollusk aquaculture: Polydora brevipalpa and Polydora websteri. The two mitogenomes exhibited very similar architecture. In comparison to other sedentarians, they exhibited some standard features, including all genes encoded on the same strand, uncommon but not unique duplicated trnM gene, as well as a number of unique features. Their comparatively large size (17,673 bp) can be attributed to four non-coding regions larger than 500 bp. We identified an unusually large (putative) overlap of 14 bases between nad2 and cox1 genes in both species. Importantly, the two species exhibited completely rearranged gene orders in comparison to all other available mitogenomes. Along with Serpulidae and Sabellidae, Polydora is the third identified sedentarian lineage that exhibits disproportionally elevated rates of mitogenomic architecture rearrangements. Selection analyses indicate that these three lineages also exhibited relaxed purifying selection pressures.
Inverse design of mode-locked fiber laser by particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Kokhanovskiy Alexey , Kuprikov Evgeny , Bednyakova Anastasia , Popkov Ivan , Smirnov Sergey , Turitsyn Sergey
Published: June 2021

A wide variety of laser applications, that often require radiation with specific characteristics, and relative flexibility of laser configurations offer a prospect of designing systems with the parameters on demand. The inverse laser design problem is to find the system architecture that provides for the generation of the desired laser output. However, typically, such inverse problems for nonlinear systems are sensitive to the computation of the gradients of a target (fitness) function making direct back propagation approach challenging. We apply here particle swarm optimization algorithm that does not rely on the gradients of the fitness function to the design of a fiber 8-figure laser cavity. This technique allows us to determine the laser cavity architectures tailored to generating on demand pulses with duration in the range of 1.5–105 ps and spectral width in the interval 0.1–20.5 nm. The proposed design optimisation algorithm can be applied to a variety of laser applications, and, more generally, in a range of engineering systems with flexible adjustable configurations and the outputs on demand.
Drought resistance mechanisms of Phedimus aizoon L.
Authors: Liu Yuhang , He Zhongqun , Xie Yongdong , Su Lihong , Zhang Ruijie , Wang Haixia , Li Chunyan , Long Shengju
Published: June 2021

Phedimus aizoon L. is a drought-resistant Chinese herbal medicine and vegetable. However, its drought tolerant limit and the mechanism of drought tolerance are unknown, which restricts the promotion of water-saving cultivation of Phedimus aizoon L. in arid areas. To solve the above problem, we carried out a 30-day-long drought stress experiment in pots that presented different soil water contents and were divided into four groups: control check, 75–80% of the maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC); mild drought, 55–60%; moderate drought, 40–45%; and severe drought, 20–25%. The dynamic changes in both plant physiological indexes from 10 to 30 days and leaf anatomical structure on the 30th day of stress were recorded. The results show that Phedimus aizoon L. grew normally under mild drought stress for 30 days, but the growth of the plants became inhibited after 20 days of severe drought and after 30 days of moderate drought. At the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. physiologically responded to cope with drought stress: the growth of the root system accelerated, the waxy layer of the leaves thickened, and the dark reactions of the plants transformed from those of the C3 cycle to CAM. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought stress. To ensure the relative stability of the osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, soluble sugars, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. Although Phedimus aizoon L. has strong drought stress resistance, our experimental results show that the soil available water content should not be less than 27% during cultivation.
Personalised high tibial osteotomy has mechanical safety equivalent to generic device in a case–control in silico clinical trial
Authors: MacLeod Alisdair R. , Peckham Nicholas , Serrancolí Gil , Rombach Ines , Hourigan Patrick , Mandalia Vipul I. , Toms Andrew D. , Fregly Benjamin J. , Gill Harinderjit S.
Published: June 2021

Background

Despite favourable outcomes relatively few surgeons offer high tibial osteotomy (HTO) as a treatment option for early knee osteoarthritis, mainly due to the difficulty of achieving planned correction and reported soft tissue irritation around the plate used to stablise the osteotomy. To compare the mechanical safety of a new personalised 3D printed high tibial osteotomy (HTO) device, created to overcome these issues, with an existing generic device, a case-control in silico virtual clinical trial was conducted.

Methods

Twenty-eight knee osteoarthritis patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning to create a virtual cohort; the cohort was duplicated to form two arms, Generic and Personalised, on which virtual HTO was performed. Finite element analysis was performed to calculate the stresses in the plates arising from simulated physiological activities at three healing stages. The odds ratio indicative of the relative risk of fatigue failure of the HTO plates between the personalised and generic arms was obtained from a multi-level logistic model.

Results

Here we show, at 12 weeks post-surgery, the odds ratio indicative of the relative risk of fatigue failure was 0.14 (95%CI 0.01 to 2.73, p = 0.20).

Conclusions

This novel (to the best of our knowledge) in silico trial, comparing the mechanical safety of a new personalised 3D printed high tibial osteotomy device with an existing generic device, shows that there is no increased risk of failure for the new personalised design compared to the existing generic commonly used device. Personalised high tibial osteotomy can overcome the main technical barriers for this type of surgery, our findings support the case for using this technology for treating early knee osteoarthritis.
Recent progress in the total synthesis of pyrrole-containing natural products (2011–2020)
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Singh Snigdha , Kohli Sahil , Singh Aarushi , Asiki Hannah , Rathee Garima , Chandra Ramesh , Anderson Edward A.
Published: June 2021

This review discusses total syntheses of pyrrole-containing natural products over the last ten years, highlighting recent advances in the chemistry of pyrroles in the context of their innate reactivity, and their preparation in complex settings.
Ambient electric arc ionization for versatile sample analysis using mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Yuanji , Li Yuan , Zhan Binpeng , He Quan , Zhu Heping , Chen Weiwei , Yin Qi , Feng Hongru , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: June 2021

Ambient electric arc ionization mass spectrometry (AEAI-MS) was developed for the analysis of various organic compounds having a wide range of polarities, ranging from non-polar to highly polar species.
Triple-target stimuli-responsive anti-COVID-19 face mask with physiological virus-inactivating agents
Authors: Müller Werner E. G. , Neufurth Meik , Lieberwirth Ingo , Muñoz-Espí Rafael , Wang Shunfeng , Schröder Heinz C. , Wang Xiaohong
Published: June 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted by respiratory droplets. We have introduced a new concept of masks, which comprises a threefold mode-of-action: trapping of the virus particles, blocking of the viruses, and finally killing of the viruses.
Synthesis of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-conjugated lipids and their characterization and surface properties of modified liposomes for protein interactions
Authors: Adler Anna , Inoue Yuuki , Sato Yuya , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Nilsson Bo , Teramura Yuji
Published: June 2021

PEG is frequently used for liposomal surface modification. However, the PEGylation can cause immune response. Here we synthesized PMPC-lipid for liposome coating. We found that PMPC-lipid can be alternative to PEG-lipid for liposome coating.
Identifying urotropine derivatives as co-donors of formaldehyde and nitric oxide for improving antitumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Feng Shujun , Meng Xia , Luo Jun , Xu Yurui , Ning Xinghai
Published: June 2021

The first co-donor of formaldehyde and nitric oxide (FANO) was synthesized via pharmacophore integration strategy, which simultaneously generated NO and formaldehyde on-demand, resulting in synergistic anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo.
Synergistic covalent-and-supramolecular polymers connected by [2]pseudorotaxane moieties
Authors: Wan Junjun , Zhang Zhaoming , Wang Yongming , Zhao Jun , Qi Yumeng , Zhang Xinhai , Liu Kai , Yu Chunyang , Yan Xuzhou
Published: June 2021

Synergistic covalent-and-supramolecular polymers connected by [2]pseudorotaxane moieties are designed and synthesized, whose unique topological structures lead to materials with mechanically adaptive properties.
Learning to fly: thermochemistry of energetic materials by modified thermogravimetric analysis and highly accurate quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. , Monogarov Konstantin A. , Melnikov Igor N. , Pivkina Alla N. , Kiselev Vitaly G.
Published: June 2021

The solid-state formation enthalpies of 63 CHNO energetic compounds were obtained as complementary combinations of the gas-phase thermochemistry from predictive quantum chemical calculations and the phase change data from advanced thermogravimetry.
Ground and excited electronic structure analysis of XM4 (X = N, P and M = Li, Na) and their anions
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R.
Published: June 2021

Using high-level coupled-cluster, electron propagator, and multi-reference ab initio methods the ground and excited electronic states of the XM4 (X = N, P and M = Li, Na) are analyzed.
Synthesis, structure and insertion reactivity of Lewis acidic 9-aluminafluorenes
Authors: Drescher Regina , Wüst Leonie , Mihm Cornelius , Krummenacher Ivo , Hofmann Alexander , Goettel James , Braunschweig Holger
Published: June 2021

The synthesis and Lewis acidic properties of 9-aluminafluorenes with different exocyclic aluminium substituents are reported.
Highly sensitive analysis of trace Pb in aqueous solution using electro-deposition and spark-discharge assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Chen Anmin , Chen Yutong , Jiang Yuanfei , Li Suyu , Jin Mingxing
Published: June 2021

The study used LIBS combined with spark discharge (SD) and an electro-deposition (ED) to analyze trace Pb in an aqueous solution. The combination of ED and SD-LIBS can realize highly sensitive detection of metal elements in aqueous solutions.
Efficient flowless separation of mixed microbead populations on periodic ferromagnetic surface structures
Authors: Sajjad Umer , Klingbeil Finn , Block Findan , Holländer Rasmus B. , Bhatti Shehroz , Lage Enno , McCord Jeffrey
Published: June 2021

A periodically structured soft-magnetic microchip platform is used for the flexible and separational control of directional motion of distinct populations of microbeads.
Sulfur promotes hydrogen evolution on molybdenum carbide catalysts
Authors: Kim Ju Ye , Lindgren Per , Zhang Yin-Jia , Kim Seok Ki , Valentin Thomas M. , Jung Hee-Tae , Peterson Andrew A.
Published: June 2021

We report that sulfur-doping of molybdenum carbide catalysts produces a good hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst. The doped sulfur atoms weaken the hydrogen bonding energy, enhancing the catalyst's activity in hydrogen evolution.
Reactivity of 1,3-dichloro-1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-propenium salts with primary amines
Authors: Land Michael A. , Robertson Katherine N. , Ylijoki Kai E. O. , Clyburne Jason A. C.
Published: June 2021

1,3-Dichloro-1,3-bis(dimethylamino)propenium salts react with primary amines to give different products depending on properties of the amine used, including the size of the R groups, whether it is aromatic, and if there is a hydrogen on the α-carbon.
Interaction of aryl tetrazolones with anions: proton transfer vs. hydrogen bonding
Authors: Nord Erika , Zhou Hanyang , Rayat Sundeep
Published: June 2021

Tetrazolones 1a,b interact with HSO4−, Br−, NO3−, NCS− and Cl− through H-bonding, but undergo deprotonation with a more basic AcO− anion.
5-Nitroisoxazoles in SNAr reactions: access to polysubstituted isoxazole derivatives
Authors: Vasilenko Dmitry A. , Dronov Sevastian E. , Parfiryeu Dzianis U. , Sadovnikov Kirill S. , Sedenkova Kseniya N. , Grishin Yuri K. , Rybakov Victor B. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Averina Elena B.
Published: June 2021

An efficient protocol for the straightforward functionalization of the isoxazole ring via the reactions of aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group with various nucleophiles has been elaborated.
Tandem elimination-oxidation of tertiary benzylic alcohols with an oxoammonium salt
Authors: Meador Rowan I. L. , Anderson Robert E. , Chisholm John D.
Published: June 2021

Tertiary benzylic alcohols react with oxoammonium salts, undergoing a tandem elimination/allylic oxidation to provide an allylic ether product in a single step.
Recent advances in the carbon–phosphorus (C–P) bond formation from unsaturated compounds by s- and p-block metals
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Panda Tarun K.
Published: June 2021

A detailed discussion on the catalytic addition of P–H bonds from various phosphine reagents to unsaturated bonds for the C–P bond formation promoted by various s- and p-block metal catalysts is reported.
A mechanistic review of lithiophilic materials: resolving lithium dendrites and advancing lithium metal-based batteries
Authors: Cha Eunho , Yun Jong Hyuk , Ponraj Rubha , Kim Do Kyung
Published: June 2021

A review and the prospect of lithiophilic materials to highlight their versatility among the various forms of lithium metal-based batteries.
Recovery, reusability and stability studies of beta cyclodextrin used for cholesterol removal from shrimp lipid
Authors: Raju Navaneethan , Singh Avtar , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: June 2021

Beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) used for cholesterol removal from shrimp lipid was reused after the cholesterol bound with β-CD was removed. Efficenicy of recycled β-CD was similar to pure β-CD.
The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for water-splitting of ReS2 by strain and electric field engineering
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhang Wannian , Xu Xiaoyong , Hu Jingguo
Published: June 2021

This work proposes applying the strain and electric filed to engineer the band structure of 2D ReS2 and enhance its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production through water-splitting.
Variation in chemistry instructors’ evaluations of student written responses and its impact on grading
Authors: Herridge Michelle , Tashiro Jenna , Talanquer Vicente
Published: June 2021

Evaluation of student written work during summative assessments is an important task for instructors at all educational levels. Nevertheless, few research studies exist that provide insights into how different instructors approach this task. In this study, we characterised variation in chemistry instructors’ approaches to the evaluation and grading of different student responses to conceptual questions in general chemistry summative assessments, and analysed the correlation of such variations with assigned grades. Our results revealed differences in the approaches followed by instructors along various dimensions, such as their focus of attention (e.g., knowledge vs. reasoning), the construction and use of a rubric to evaluate student work, and the extent to which instructors engaged in building inferences about student understanding. Most instructors, however, were consistent in the approaches they individually followed when analyzing different student responses. Differences in approaches along some dimensions correlated to assigned grades, but relevant dimensions differed for novice and experienced instructors (e.g., adopting an inferential versus a literal stance had a significant correlation with the grades assigned by experienced instructors but not by novice ones). The results of our study provide insights into strategies for the professional development of college instructors such as asking instructors to critically reflect on how the decisions they make along multiple dimensions during the grading process can affect the outcome.
Machine learning-based structure–property predictions in silica aerogels
Authors: Abdusalamov Rasul , Pandit Prakul , Milow Barbara , Itskov Mikhail , Rege Ameya
Published: June 2021

An artificial neural network is developed to predict the fractal properties of silica aerogels, modelled via diffusion-limited cluster–cluster aggregation, and then inverted for reconstructing an optimised network for a target fractal dimension.
Effect of gravity on the orientation and detachment of cubic particles adsorbed at soap film or liquid interfaces
Authors: Davies Tudur , Raufaste Christophe
Published: June 2021

We investigate the effect of gravity on the interaction between a solid cube and a horizontal soap film using simulations and experiments. The final orientation of a cube entrapped by a soap film is strongly dependent on the Bond number (Bo).
Vacancy engineering in nanostructured semiconductors for enhancing photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Biao , Liu Jiawen , Yao Shan , Liu Fangyan , Li Yuekun , He Jiaqing , Lin Zhang , Huang Feng , Liu Chuan , Wang Mengye
Published: June 2021

This review highlights the recent impressive progress in vacancy engineering of photocatalysts and discusses the outlook on the future development of vacancy-enhanced photocatalysis.
Unlocking the effects of Cu doping in heavy-metal-free AgIn5S8 quantum dots for highly efficient photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion
Authors: Guo Heng , Liu Jiabin , Luo Bing , Huang Xu , Yang Jian , Chen Haiyuan , Shi Li , Liu Xin , Benetti Daniele , Zhou Ying , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Rosei Federico , Wang Zhiming , Niu Xiaobin
Published: June 2021

A colloidal quantum dot photoelectrochemical cell based on a Cu-doped AgIn5S8-photoanode exhibits promising photoelectrochemical activity for high-efficiency hydrogen production due to the Cu-doping effect.
In situ observation of organic single micro-crystal fabrication by solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Wang Hong , Fontein Florian , Wang Yandong , Wang Zhifang , Fuchs Harald , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping , Chi Lifeng , Wang Wenchong
Published: June 2021

In situ observation of the morphology evolution of organic semiconductor islands was conducted to study the growth kinetics of organic single crystals during solvent vapor annealing.
Correction: The quest for single component molecular metals within neutral transition metal complexes
Authors: Velho Mariana F. G. , Silva Rafaela A. L. , Belo Dulce
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘The quest for single component molecular metals within neutral transition metal complexes’ by Mariana F. G. Velho et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01407b.
Caregivers' Experiences of Infant Feeding Problems: The Role of Self-Compassion and Stress Management
Authors: Mahurin-Smith Jamie , Beck Ann
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Infant feeding problems are strongly associated with caregiver stress, which in turn is linked to poorer outcomes for children. Self-compassion is a modifiable trait strongly associated with improved mental health and greater resilience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-compassion, stress management practices, and caregiver stress in a sample of parents who identified feeding problems in their infants.

Method

Parents who identified feeding problems in their infants completed an online survey. They described the feeding problems, completed the Self-Compassion Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale, and detailed their stress management practices.

Results

Higher self-compassion was strongly associated with lower overall stress and more modestly associated with lower feeding-related distress. More severe feeding problems were significantly more stressful for caregivers. Participants reported a wide variety of stress management approaches.

Discussion

These findings indicate that higher self-compassion is associated with lower caregiver stress for parents whose infants experience feeding problems. Implications for service providers are reviewed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14831028
First Solar Orbiter observation of the Alfvénic slow wind and identification of its solar source
Authors: D’Amicis R. , Bruno R. , Panasenco O. , Telloni D. , Perrone D. , Marcucci M. F. , Woodham L. , Velli M. , De Marco R. , Jagarlamudi V. , Coco I. , Owen C. , Louarn P. , Livi S. , Horbury T. , André N. , Angelini V. , Evans V. , Fedorov A. , Genot V. , Lavraud B. , Matteini L. , Müller D. , O’Brien H. , Pezzi O. , Rouillard A. P. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Tenerani A. , Verscharen D. , Zouganelis I.
Published: June 2021

Context.Turbulence dominated by large-amplitude, nonlinear Alfvén-like fluctuations mainly propagating away from the Sun is ubiquitous in high-speed solar wind streams. Recent studies have demontrated that slow wind streams may also show strong Alfvénic signatures, especially in the inner heliosphere.

Aims.The present study focuses on the characterisation of an Alfvénic slow solar wind interval observed by Solar Orbiter between 14 and 18 July 2020 at a heliocentric distance of 0.64 AU.

Methods.Our analysis is based on plasma moments and magnetic field measurements from the Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) and Magnetometer (MAG) instruments, respectively. We compared the behaviour of different parameters to characterise the stream in terms of the Alfvénic content and magnetic properties. We also performed a spectral analysis to highlight spectral features and waves signature using power spectral density and magnetic helicity spectrograms, respectively. Moreover, we reconstruct the Solar Orbiter magnetic connectivity to the solar sources both via a ballistic and a potential field source surface (PFSS) model.

Results.The Alfvénic slow wind stream described in this paper resembles, in many respects, a fast wind stream. Indeed, at large scales, the time series of the speed profile shows a compression region, a main portion of the stream, and a rarefaction region, characterised by different features. Moreover, before the rarefaction region, we pinpoint several structures at different scales recalling the spaghetti-like flux-tube texture of the interplanetary magnetic field. Finally, we identify the connections between Solar Orbiter in situ measurements, tracing them down to coronal streamer and pseudostreamer configurations.

Conclusions.The characterisation of the Alfvénic slow wind stream observed by Solar Orbiter and the identification of its solar source are extremely important aspects for improving the understanding of future observations of the same solar wind regime, especially as solar activity is increasing toward a maximum, where a higher incidence of this solar wind regime is expected.
Ecological and economic aspects of sustainable development of Ukrainian regions
Authors: Babenko Vitalina , Zomchak Larysa , Nehrey Maryna
Published: June 2021

The need for sustainable development of Ukrainian regions is due to the global threat of environmental degradation, the unstable situation in the world economy, low socio-economic indicators of the country and weak innovation activity. An important factor that has an influence on the economic development of regions is the ecological state of the environment. It plays one of the most important roles in the conducting of economic activities that require the use of natural resources. According to the results of the investigation, four clusters were formed. Cluster analysis made it possible to conduct a general assessment of the state of the regions of Ukraine, to form groups by similarity and to draw sound conclusions about the existence of similarities in the economy. The formation of clusters and the development of sustainable development policies for individual clusters, which should have significant differences, taking into account their specifics, will contribute to the more effective achievement of sustainable development goals.
Modeling of the effect of a high-pressure jet of cement mortar on the surrounding soil environment when performing jet grouting columns using jet technology
Authors: Zuievska Natalia , Gubashova Valentyna , Korobiichuk Valentyn
Published: June 2021

The main idea of jet grouting technology is the implementation of processes aimed at changing the characteristics of soils, creating materials with the necessary properties on their basis and forming underground elements with specified parameters from these materials. The high pressure of the cement mortar jet leads to soil blending and its continuous destruction within the radius of impact of the jet. According to some authors, the jet outside the destructive radius does not affect the surrounding soil environment. In compliance with practical studies performed at construction sites in Kyiv, Ukraine, the data on changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil surrounding the soil-cement column were obtained. This fact led to a more detailed study of the effect of a high-pressure jet on the surrounding soil during the execution of columns using jet technology.
Prospects of application of roller compacted concrete in hydro schemes of Ukraine
Authors: Butnik Svitlana , Mozgovyi Andrii
Published: June 2021

Prospects of application of roller compacted concrete in hydro schemes of Ukraine are considered. The number of dams erected with application of roller compacted concrete is growing year after year in the world. Roller compacted concrete is an especially dry concrete mixture with decreased content of cement and increased content of pozzolana (fly ash). The broad physico-mechanical peculiarities of roller compacted concrete depend not only on its composition but also on technology of its laying and compacting in dam. Rapid construction of gravity dams with use of equipment for earth-moving works enables the more economic construction of protective embankments. Prospects of application of roller compacted concrete during erection and restoration of existing protective embankments in regions with increased flood hazard in the west of Ukraine are considered. The use of roller compacted concrete allows reducing construction deadlines by a factor of 2–3, and, in so doing, reducing the labor content by a factor of 4–5 at the expense of full mechanization of works. Decrease in content of binder in composition of roller compacted concrete by 30–80 kg/m3 favors decrease in heat release and, correspondingly, the occurrence of temperature contraction cracks, which in its turn favors economy during construction of hydro-technical structures of hydro schemes.
Regional development of enterprises: concept of sustainable development and data mining
Authors: Maksyshko Nataliia , Ivanov Sergey , Cheverda Serhii
Published: June 2021

Ukrainian enterprises are having a goal of get on with the concept of sustainable development. However, in the different regions of Ukraine there are various challenges, which needed to be considered in management of enterprises and organizations. Therefore important question is discovered about the main directions of developing enterprises, which will be relevant for a particular region. This study is highlighting statistic indicators, which characterizing the economic, social and environmental components of sustainable development of Ukrainian enterprises. On the basis of data about 1990-2019 years (2020 isn’t used due to the impact of the pandemic, which significantly affected these parameters) cluster analysis of sustainable development enterprises of Ukraine by region is made. In the result of clustering regions were separated in three groups (clusters). Detailed analysis of the features of indicators of each cluster (group of regions) is made. On the basis of results of clustering recommendations about priority directions of increasing the level of sustainable development of Ukraine are discovered. Results of the study can be used in management of local enterprises and organizations in the certain regions to improve the level of achievement of sustainable development goals.
Sustainable development and tolerance in the socializing and resocializing of the architectural environment of cities
Authors: Shebek Nadiia , Timokhin Viktor , Tretiak Yuliia , Kolmakov Ievgenii , Olkhovets Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

The article considers the sustainable development of the city public spaces and the penitentiary complexes problems from the Synergetics and Socionics standpoint. These approaches provide consideration of the opposite processes of public spaces socialization and correctional complexes resocialization, sustainability, and dynamism its organization, and self-organization. The regularities of sustainable development are present in the cyclical nature of historical changes in public spaces and the penitentiary system. Cycles unfold in the alternation order of pairwise polarized processes, on the one hand, dispersion and concentration, and, on the other, – self-organization and adaptation. We have found that the interaction of universal processes and the natural change of cycles stimulates, on the one hand, growth and stabilization, and, on the other, – transformation and metamorphosis, which lead to the emergence of new forms and structures of public spaces and penitentiary complexes. We have proposed to use Socionical methods for increasing tolerance and democracy in the architectural environment of settlements. We have described the methodological tools to achieve the harmonization of the architectural environment of settlements.
Study and modelling of droop-controlled islanded mesh microgrids
Authors: Hennane Youssef , Berdai Abdelmajid , Pierfederici Serge , Meibody-Tabar Farid , Kuznetsov Vitaliy
Published: June 2021

The active and reactive power sharing of distributed generation sources (DGs) connected to isolated microgrids with a single point of common coupling (mono-PCC) to which the loads are also connected has already been the subject of several studies. A high penetration rate of DGs based on renewable energies has as a logical consequence the development and implementation of mesh and more complex multi- PCC microgrids. In this paper, a developed droop control method for synchronization and power sharing between different DGs connected to a mesh islanded multi-PCC microgrid with many distributed generation sources (DGs) and different type of loads (including active load (CPL)) randomly connected to different PCCs is applied. Then, a state model of the entire mesh microgrid is developed integrating the generators with their controllers, power lines, droop algorithms and dynamic loads. This model is then used to study the asymptotic stability and robustness properties of the system. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the applied strategies for the synchronization of the different DGs to the microgrid while ensuring an efficient active and reactive power sharing. also, they confirm the validity of the developed state space model of the system.
Technological, agronomical and economic efficiency of new organic and organo-mineral soil amendments
Authors: Hetmanenko Viktoriia , Skrylnyk Ievgen , Kucher Anatolii , Kutova Angela , Artemieva Katerina
Published: June 2021

The intensification of crop production coupled with current declining soil fertility needs proper plant nutrition management and improved effectiveness of fertilizer use. Sustainable practices providing new soil amendments could be a useful tool to improve soil fertility and crop productivity causing economic benefits. The technology of processing local raw materials (leonardite, bentonite, and molasses) was developed to produce new soil amendments with optimal physical and chemical properties and to meet the needs of a particular crop in the nutrients. The best ratio of components was proved in a model experiment with an estimation of the full cost of final organic and organo-mineral soil amendments. In a field experiment, the effect of new soil amendments on available nutrients in Chernozem Podzolic and corn yield was studied. Two doses and methods of application (banding and broadcasting) of new soil amendments were compared taking into account its economic efficiency. Development of technologies to improve fertilizing properties of local organic materials, compliance to recommended doses, and methods of soil inputs application could increase the efficiency of crop production emerging environmental and economic benefits.
Woody artificial plantations as a significant factor of the sustainable development at mining & metallurgical area
Authors: Kvitko Maxim , Savosko Vasyl , Kozlovskaya Iryna , Lykholat Yuriy , Podolyak Aleksandr , Hrygoruk Ivan , Karpenko Aleksey
Published: June 2021

The relevance of our research is determined by the need to find practical measures that will be aimed of the sustainable development formation and maintenance at mining and metallurgical areas by used of artificial woody plantation. The main objective of this work was on the standpoint of the ecosystem approach to consider the artificial woody plantations as a significant factor for sustainable development paradigm implementation at Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical district (Central Ukraine). During 2015-2020, by classical methods were studied the natural forest ecosystems and the artificial forest plantations, which are located in contrast ecological and environmental conditions. Numerous scientific papers about sustainable development have also served as materials for our work. At Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical district the leading characteristics of artificial woody plantations have a clear ecological and environmental conditionality. It is proved that in artificial woody plantations of this district tree species are in a state of stress. Therefore, these species lose stability due to the constant influence of adverse environmental factors of natural and anthropogenic genesis. The authors assume that the biogeochemical parameters of trees fallen can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the vitality / healthy of tree species and forecast the development of artificial woody plantations. It has been suggested that the artificial woody plantations at Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical area should acquire the status of one of the key factors that determine the sustainable development of this district and Ukraine as a whole. In practice, to achieve this goal, the following steps must be taken: (i) artificial woody plantation assessment, (ii) ecological and environment conditionality of artificial woody plantation current state ascertainment, (iii) sustainable model of artificial woody plantation development, (iv) sustainable management of artificial woody plantation, (v) sustainable development of artificial woody plantation. In the near future, it is recommended to optimize the Kryvyi Rih forest cover by 8-10%. The first step in streamlining and preliminary assessment of the artificial forest ecosystems sustainability is the use of biogeochemical indicators of the chemical circulation system relationship “Leaf precipitation -soil” as markers and predictors of the artificial forest current state in Kryvyi Rih District.
Study of influence of alkaline component type on pH value and properties of alkali activated concretes containing basalt rock
Authors: Kovalchuk Oleksandr , Zozulynets Victoriya
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the questions of alkalinity changes in alkali activated cement-based materials at different stages of hardening. It was shown that use of alkali activated cement with dry alkaline component (“all-in-one system”) in the presence of basalt rock leads to the immediate decrease of pH value and strength drop of the material. On the other hand, using alkaline component in the form of alkaline solution provides almost normal hardening of systems. Taking into account obtained results a methodology of changes in concrete mix design was proposed. In general, for different cement systems under study pH value varies from 8.5 to 12 reflecting on the materials structure formation processes and strength gain. Shrinkage of the systems was within the ranges 0.3…0.6 mm/m at 28 days age and 0.3…0.5 mm/m for different systems. Absence of expansion witnesses about compensation of ASR results and normal structure developments processes in the material comparing to OPC.