bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, Policy and Treatment Schemes of Skin Infections in Developing Countries
Authors: Hussein Musa Taha , Akintunde Tosin Yinka , Musa Idriss Hussein , Elrasheid Tahir Haroon , Hussein Musa Hassan
Published: October 2023

Skin diseases are common public health problems in developing countries.
The prevalence is universal and can cause a significant economic burden. Additionally,
it is a common cause of morbidity among vulnerable groups, such as children, and
affects people of all ages and ethnicities. However, the impact of skin disease on the
national public healthcare system is complex and poorly studied, particularly in
developing countries. A number of factors, including population aging, genetics, and
environment, have contributed to the change in skin disease trends. The combined
effects of these factors have severe health implications for people, and their dynamics
are not fully understood. It is thus necessary to improve diagnostic techniques in order
to provide new therapeutic resources in dermatology in the wake of the scientific
revolution and technological innovations. To understand the changes in the prevalence
of skin disease age-specific distributions and associated mortality, this study provides
comprehensive information on vulnerable populations, epidemiological characteristics,
and geographic distributions. Furthermore, the study provides a baseline for the
management of skin disorders using medicinal plants. Surveillance, burden,
diagnostics, and treatments of skin disease are essential components of developing
measurable, influential, and sustainable intervention programs to reduce disease
infections. Furthermore, these approaches assist in understanding the pathogenesis and
disease process and assist with the development of new therapeutic strategies and preventive measures against morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countries, as well
as establishing a baseline for medicinal plants that contribute significantly to the
treatment.
Pharmaceutical Potential of Pyrimidines as Antiviral Agents
Authors: Nath Singh Dina , Verma Nisha
Published: October 2023

Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines particularly used for the treatment of
viral infections. Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs. Viruses
are among the major pathogenic agents that cause a number of serious diseases in
humans, animals and plants. Viruses cause many diseases in humans, from self-resolving diseases to acute fatal diseases. The strategies for the development of
antiviral drugs are generally focused on two different approaches, i.e., targeting the
viruses themselves or the host cell factors. Antiviral drugs that directly target viruses
include the inhibitors of virus attachment, inhibitors of virus entry, uncoating
inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, nucleotide reverse transcriptase,
inhibitors of nucleoside and the inhibitors of integrase. The inhibitors of protease
(ritonavir, atazanavir and darunavir), viral DNA polymerase (acyclovir, tenofovir,
valganciclovir and valacyclovir) and integrase (raltegravir) are listed among the top
200 drugs by sales during the2010. Still, there are no effective antiviral drugs available
for many viral infections. There is a couple of drugs for herpes viruses, many for
influenza and some new antiviral drugs for treating hepatitis C infection and HIV. This
chapter gives an overview of the pyrimidines and hetero annulated pyrimidines that
have been reported to be active against viral infections; identification of novel
pyrimidine leads may be used in the designing of new potent, selective and less toxic
novel therapeutic agents having promising antiviral activity. An effort has been made
to compile all the possible information regarding antiviral pyrimidines and bring them
together to make easy availability of the existing literature on the subject. The objective
of this chapter is to provide the structural and antiviral activity information as well as
methods being used for the screening of the antiviral activity and antiviral potential
IC50/ED50/CC50 values of the reported active pyrimidines are briefly discussed.
Carcinogenicity of Hexavalent Chromium and Its Effects
Authors: Verma Sachin , Kumari Pallavi , Kumar Shailesh , Kumar Jha Ashok
Published: October 2023

Hexavalent chromium has been a potential threat to human beings due to its
toxicity and carcinogenesis. The pathway of entry of hexavalent chromium in an
aqueous medium is both anthropogenic and natural through ores of chromium.
Prolonged exposure to hexavalent chromium may cause DNA mismatch and gene
mutation, resulting in cancer. Cr(VI)- induced malignant cell and its study has become
very important towards the possible mechanism of Cr(VI) binding. When a cell of the
human lungs adsorbs hexavalent chromium due to prolonged ingestion of Cr(VI)
contaminated water or inhalation, oxidative DNA damage is caused in the specific
gene. This causes mutations in adenine and guanine bases of DNA in cases of lung
cancer.
Reduced-order modelling of the deployment of a modified flasher origami for aerospace applications
Authors: Troise A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In this paper, we simulate the nonlinear deployment mechanics of a modified flasher origami structure designed to be a deployable solar panel. We compare reduced-order bar-and-hinge simulations, where panels are modelled as bar assemblies connected by joints and torsional springs, with results obtained from commercial finite element software. Through this comparison, we demonstrate the ability of the bar-and-hinge approach to capture key features of the origami behaviour at a fraction of the time needed to perform regular finite-element simulations. We also provide details on how to properly tune the bar properties to simulate panels made bonding printed circuit boards to textile, and the joint properties to mimic folds that are made of fabric and flexible circuit interconnects.
Low-boom supersonic business jet: aerodynamic analysis and mission simulation towards a CO2 emission standard
Authors: Richiardi G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This study aims at investigating the aerodynamic characteristics and mission performance of a supersonic business jet at a conceptual design stage. Moreover, the environmental impact of such concept is analyzed to support the development of a potential CO2 emissions standard for supersonic transport aircraft. The case study considered for the analysis is a supersonic business jet.
Crack localization on a statically deflected beam by high-resolution photos
Authors: De Nunzio A.V.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In a context where the complexity of systems and their interconnection is increasing exponentially, the possibility of being able to monitor the structural integrity of crucial parts of structures is of considerable importance. In addition, the availability of modern and advanced tools opens the door to the advent of new diagnostic techniques. In this regard, the authors here deeply investigate and test a modern technique that allows to analyze a structure starting from a photo in order to identify and locate damage present in the structure in a rapid and non-destructive way. This allows to obtain an accurate location of the damage and consequently a quick evaluation of its state of integrity. Moreover, a further advantage lies in the possibility of carrying out the analysis in a non-invasive way without any physical interaction with the analyzed structure. The suitability of the technique is tested on a statically deformed beam in epoxy glass laminate. It has a notch, which represents the defect, and the goal is to determine the notch position, which is not visible in the photo. The basis of the proposed method is the correlation between the curvature that the beam presents under load conditions and its flexural stiffness. The damage on the beam, in fact, leads to a punctual alteration of its flexibility which is identified by sudden changes in the second derivative of the transversal deflection. The proposed methodology consists in taking a photo of the inflected beam; subsequently, the acquired photo is manipulated with specifically designed image processing tools, first to segment the beam shape and then to extract its axis. Finally, the second derivative is extracted using two different numerical differentiator filters (Lanczos filters and Gaussian wavelets) along with suitable processing to reduce the border distortions. The tests conducted demonstrate that it is possible to accurately detect the position of the notch. Although the authors realize that the technique can generally need sensibly large displacements, the results seem promising. Such a need is probably due to the resolution of the camera, which can sometimes represent a technological limit. It is believed that higher resolution would allow damage to be detected even for smaller displacements. A fundamental advantage is the speed of the methodology illustrated since it takes just a few moments from taking the photo to evaluating the results. This is accompanied by the ease of acquiring the measurement, which involves the use of the camera and its support without additional equipment.
Tiltrotor whirl-flutter stability analysis using the maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponent estimated from time series
Authors: Cassoni G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stability analysis and assessment are fundamental in the analysis and design of dynamical systems. Particularly in rotorcraft dynamics, problems often exhibit time-periodic behavior, and modern designs consider nonlinearities to achieve a more accurate representation of the system dynamics. Nonlinearities in rotorcraft may arise from factors such as nonlinear damper constitutive laws or the influence of fluid-structure interaction, among others. Regardless of their origin, quantifying the stability of nonlinear systems typically relies on calculating their Jacobian matrix. However, accessing the Jacobian matrix of a system is often challenging or impractical, calling for the use of data-driven methods. This introduces additional complexity in capturing the characteristic dynamics of the system. Hence, a data-driven approach is proposed that utilizes the Largest Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent, obtained by analyzing the system's time series.
Transformational Leadership in Times of Crisis: Study of Handling COVID-19 in Bumi Raja-Raja
Authors: Fitriati Rachma , Marsanty Dea Alita
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the transformational leadership of Village Heads in efforts to break the chain of the spread of COVID-19 in the Maluku Province area known as Bumi Raja-Raja. Village heads are called "Bapa Raja" because of their position as community leaders, religious leaders, and even traditional leaders because a Bapa Raja must have a noble lineage. This study used a qualitative method with an exploratory and descriptive research approach. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation and literature review. The results showed that Bapa Raja plays a key role in strengthening local capacity, addressing potential risks, and meeting the basic needs of people in the village. They not only strengthen local empowerment but also overcome and reduce potential and fulfil basic needs in villages by taking concrete action and utilizing local resources pro-actively and having a positive impact in breaking the chain of the spread of COVID-19 and supporting local governments in implementing policies and pandemic response programs. The study recommendation is to strengthen the role of Bapa Raja as a collaborative agent for local governments to increase active community participation in efforts to break the chain of spread of the COVID-19 virus. Thus, in the future, Bapa Raja, as a local leader as well as a traditional & community figure, can be the main force in facing crises while maintaining the stability and prosperity of their community.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN E-ATLAS DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SMA
Authors: Nur Muhammad Rasyid
Published: October 2023

E-Atlas was assessed using an assessment instrument in the form of a product quality assessment questionnaire by 1 media expert, 1 material expert, and paired t-test of 15 class XI students at SMA. The results of the E-Atlas of So (Scleroderma aurantium) Morphological Character assessment by media experts obtained an average score of 83.75% with quality in the feasible category, material experts scored 89.6% with quality in the very feasible category, and the biology teacher's assessment get a value of 96.25% with quality in the very decent category. The results of the paired t-test were found to be Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.000 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the results of data collection before and after being given E-Atlas media.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTU CONCEPT MAPPING MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI
Authors: Mahardita Valenta Rias , Pratama Anggi Tias
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui karakteristik produk pengembangan LKPD berbasis guided discovery learning berbantu concept mapping pada materi sistem ekskresi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis siswa kelas XI SMA, 2) mengetahui kelayakan produk pengembangan LKPD, dan 3) mengetahui kepraktisan produk pengembangan LKPD. Produk dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (Dick Carry, 1996). Namun, karena adanya keterbatasan penelitian sehingga hanya sampai pada tahap development. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket. Subjek penelitian adalah 36 siswa kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri di Bantul, Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi dan angket. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian berupa: 1) produk LKPD hasil pengembangan berbentuk cetak yang dapat memacu siswa untuk aktif mencari pengetahuannya sendiri melalui tahapan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning yang dibantu dengan adanya peta konsep. Selain itu, konten LKPD juga “sangat sesuai” untuk mendorong kemampuan menganalisis siswa dari penilaian dosen ahli materi dan guru. 2) Produk LKPD dinilai layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan kategori “layak” oleh dosen ahli materi dan “sangat layak” oleh dosen ahli media. 3) Produk LKPD dinilai “sangat praktis” untuk digunakan berdasarkan respons guru dan respons siswa.This study aims to 1) determine the characteristics of worksheet development products based on guided discovery learning assisted by concept mapping on excretion system materials to improve the analytical skills of 11th grade high school students, 2) determine the feasibility of worksheet development products, 3) determine the practicality of worksheet development products. The product was developed with the ADDIE development model (Dick Carry, 1996). However, due to the limitations of research so that it only reaches the development stage. The instrument used is in the form of a questionnaire. The subjects of the study were 36 students of grade 11 science 2 high school in Bantul, Yogyakarta. Data was collected by observation and questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the research are: 1) printed worksheet products that can encourage students to actively seek their own knowledge through the stages of the guided discovery learning model assisted by concept maps. In addition, the content of the worksheet is also "very suitable" to encourage students' ability to analyze based on the assessment of material expert lecturers and teachers. 2) Worksheet products are considered feasible for use in learning with the category "feasible" by material expert lecturers and "very feasible" by media expert lecturers. 3) Worksheet products are considered "very practical" to use based on teacher responses and student responses.
FAKTOR KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA
Authors: Farahani Narulita , Fitri Rahmadhani , Selaras Ganda Hijrah , Farma Siska Alicia
Published: October 2023

Biologi merupakan pelajaran yang kompleks sehingga membuat beberapa kesulitan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran terhadap mata pelajaran tersebut, kesulitan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi siswa itu sendiri dan kondisi lingkungan sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor kesulitan dalam proses belajar yang dihadapi siswa pada mata pelajaran biologi SMA. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode literature review, Subjek dalam penelitian ini berupa artikel-artikel ilmiah yang berhubungan dengan judul penelitian. Data analisis penelitian ini adalah artikel-artikel yang sampelnya terdiri dari 5 artikel.Hasil penelitian kesulitan menunjukkan dalam proses belajar pada mata pelajaran biologi dikategorisasikan tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi siswa maupun kondisi lingkungan sekitar.
Somaclonal Variation in Callus Cultures of Rose Periwinkle, Catharanthus Roseus L. Under Induced Salt and Osmotic Stresses
Authors: Alaakel Solaf , AL-Ammouri Youssef
Published: October 2023

The experiment was carried out at the laboratories of the National Commission for Biotechnology in Syria during the period 2020-2022 to detect the somaclonal genetic variation occurring in callus cultures at different ages and to compare them with the In vitro growing plants and introduced species of Rose Periwinkle that grew up in the Syrian environment, in addition, exploring the effect of abiotic stresses in causing genetic variations in callus, by the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats technique (ISSR) using 21 primers. Seeds were germinated on an MS nutrient medium devoid of growth regulators; explants were transferred to a propagation medium fortified with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) (1 mg L-1) and 6-Benzyladenine (BA) (2 mg L-1). Callus was developed from Rose periwinkle Catharanthus roseus L. leaves using 5C01 medium fortified with NAA and Kinetin (Kin). After that, callus was exposed to gradually increasing levels of PEG-6000-induced osmotic stress and salt stress (NaCl) with a higher level every 30 days. The molecular study results proved the effectiveness of all the used primers (21 primers) in presenting polymorphism between the studied samples at a rate of 92.16%. The cluster analysis showed separating the analyzed samples into two main clusters. The first cluster contained the osmotic stressed callus, while the second cluster separated into two sub-clusters that had the rest of the studied samples. It was found that there were genetic variations between In vitro plants and the callus. In addition, the stressed callus (salt and osmotic) was compared to the unstressed callus, and this confirmed that callus cultures were an essential source of genetic variations, and the ISSR technique was an effective tool for detecting these variations.
GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS PAHANDUT KOTA PALANGKARAYA
Authors: D.P. Priyaputranti Anna Singgih , Rahmawati, Sp.FRS., Apt. Dr. Fita , Yasin Nanang Munif
Published: October 2023

TB atau tuberculosis merupakan penyakit menular disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Profil kesehatan Indonesia menyebutkan jumlah kasus tuberkulosis tahun 2021 menunjukkan peningkatan dibandingkan tahun 2020. Kepatuhan mengonsumsi obat merupakan aspek utama penanganan tuberkulosis. Beberapa kegagalan pengobatan tuberkulosis  disebabkan ketidakpatuhan. Deteksi kepatuhan minum obat penting untuk membantu pengendalian tuberkulosis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kepatuhan penggunaan obat antituberkulosis pada pasien tuberkulosis paru sensitif obat fase intensif dan mengidentifikasi penyebab ketidakpatuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional  dengan pengambilan  data  secara  restrospektif. Identifikasi ketidakpatuhan pasien dilihat melalui dokumen Pemantauan Terapi Obat (PTO) dan TB-01 periode  triwulan empat 2022 hingga  triwulan I tahun 2023  di  Puskesmas  Pahandut Kota Palangkaraya  yang melibatkan 35 pasien, sedangkan penyebab ketidakpatuhan didapatkan melalui wawancara pasien, Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) dan pemegang program. Pengukuran kepatuhan dilihat berdasarkan sisa obat pasien saat berkunjung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 24 (77%) pasien patuh dan 8 (23%) pasien tidak patuh. Penyebab ketidakpatuhan dalam penelitian ini meliputi oleh faktor pasien (kurang motivasi, lupa minum obat, belum paham penjelasan dari tenaga kesehatan, pasien bingung cara minum obat), faktor akses (tidak ada kendaraan), faktor sosial (pekerjaan) serta dukungan keluarga dan kurangnya peran PMO. Peningkatan peran tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas dan PMO diperlukan untuk dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien.
The Review of Surigcal Disinfectant
Authors: Xing Zhongcheng
Published: October 2023

Surgical disinfectants are essential and commonly used items during surgical procedures. They can be used for disinfection of the skin and mucous membranes. This article introduces common disinfectant products, their ingredients, usage instructions, and precautions. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to have a thorough understanding of disinfectants to make correct choices, ensuring better service to patients and the medical field.
O que existe além da palavra da vítima? A jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sobre a prova em crimes sexuais
Authors: Souza Hellen Luana de , Barione Ayrosa João Pedro
Published: October 2023

Este artigo analisa julgados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) sobre crimes contra a dignidade sexual, a fim de responder à seguinte pergunta: além da palavra da vítima, quais as “demais provas” valoradas nessa espécie de delito para se considerar provado um enunciado fático? Para tanto, faz-se uma análise qualitativa de casos julgados pelo STJ no ano de 2022 envolvendo o tema da prova nos crimes sexuais, sistematizando-os. Ao final, em conformidade com os resultados apresentados, constata-se a existência de três categorias: provas relacionadas à própria palavra da vítima; provas consistentes na palavra de terceiros; laudos (físicos e psicológicos).
Estipulaciones probatorias y verdades negociadas: una reflexión sobre los acuerdos probatorios en el sistema procesal penal colombiano
Authors: Arango Giraldo Andres Felipe , Bustamante Rúa Mónica María
Published: October 2023

Se parte de la premisa de establecer la verdad como objetivo institucional del proceso jurisdiccional para luego analizar la institución de las estipulaciones probatorias en el proceso penal colombiano. Se procura luego la respuesta al interrogante sobre ¿qué se entiende por verdad negociada? para, posteriormente, presentar una breve aproximación a la regulación de las estipulaciones probatorias en algunas legislaciones de Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se ofrece un planteamiento acerca del rol del juez en las estipulaciones probatorias de cara al objetivo institucional del proceso penal de la búsqueda de la verdad.
Balancing Self-Incrimination and Public Safety: A Comparative Analysis of Compelled Smartphone Unlocking in Brazilian and U.S. Legal Systems
Authors: França Rafael Francisco
Published: October 2023

This study compares how the laws in the United States and Brazil handle the use of digital evidence from smartphones in initial criminal investigations. The main goal is to understand the challenges when trying to protect the right to avoid self-incrimination while also ensuring public safety. By looking at court decisions from 2014 to 2023, the study explores how the legal systems in both countries deal with arguments for and against law enforcement being able to unlock smartphones against the will of the owner. The main issue being examined is the balance between respecting citizens' privacy rights and making sure defendants get fair treatment in the legal process. The research question driving this study is: How do Brazil and the U.S. manage the situation where law enforcement needs to unlock smartphones, while also respecting constitutional rights and public safety? To answer this question, the study looks at recent court cases from both countries and identifies important arguments about forced smartphone unlocking. The findings show problems in these legal proceedings, particularly when it comes to protecting the privacy of smartphone users and defendants' rights. A key point that comes out is that when law enforcement examines suspects' phones, it can jeopardize the proper handling of evidence and the right against self-incrimination that's protected by the Constitution. The study highlights shortcomings in the responses of the Supreme Courts of Brazil and the United States. This suggests a need for a more detailed framework that can address these challenges better and solve disagreements in lower courts. In essence, this article discusses the conflict between privacy rights and self-incrimination on one hand, and the government's duty to maintain public safety and prevent illegal evidence on the other. In conclusion, this article explores the legal issues around forced smartphone unlocking in Brazil and the United States. It not only emphasizes the importance of balancing individual rights with public safety but also calls for a more comprehensive legal approach to deal with these challenges effectively.
Pensando a qualidade do juízo fático-probatório: um modelo de evolução baseado no aprendizado com erros
Authors: Braga Damasceno Fernando
Published: October 2023

As consequências trágicas de uma condenação criminal errônea impõem a adoção de mecanismos de prevenção de sua recorrência, não sendo admissível que se despreze o conhecimento desenvolvido no âmbito da chamada ciência da prevenção ou ciência da segurança (Safety Science), que há muito busca o melhor caminho que uma dada organização deve seguir para reduzir o risco de resultados trágicos em sua operação. No presente artigo, que se volta a perquirir sobre qual seria o modelo de tutela contra o erro que deveria ser adotado pelos gestores e gestoras do próprio Poder Judiciário, aborda-se justamente o conhecimento teórico relacionado à prevenção de incidentes trágicos, dando-se especial destaque à defesa de uma abordagem “amigável” dos erros, inevitável à compreensão de seu complexo causal e à contenção de sua recorrência. A partir daí, defende-se um modelo de aprendizado organizacional com base na análise de casos de erros judiciários, indispensável à evolução do Sistema de Justiça, conjugando os reclames da ciência da segurança, os princípios da inovação judicial responsável e as normas que disciplinam a tomada de decisão penal, sobretudo acerca da quaestio facti.
Editorial – Inteligência artificial e coautoria de trabalhos científicos: discussões sobre utilização de ChatGPT em pesquisa e redação científicas
Authors: Vasconcellos Vinicius Gomes de
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho pretende analisar a utilização de ferramentas de inteligência artificial, como ChatGPT, na pesquisa e redação científicas e suas tensões com os requisitos de integridade em coautoria. Assim, almeja-se problematizar a temática e sugerir critérios para definição da coautoria em trabalhos científicos com o uso de ferramentas de inteligência artificial. Conclui-se que, diante do cenário atual, as revistas científicas devem inserir normas sobre a questão, recomendando-se os seguintes parâmetros: 1. mecanismos de inteligência artificial (como ChatGPT) não cumprem os requisitos para coautoria; 2. autore/as devem declarar (na metodologia ou nos agradecimentos) a utilização de mecanismos de inteligência artificial na redação do artigo e/ou nas demais fases da pesquisa científica; 3. autore/as são responsáveis por erros, plágios e outras más-práticas que eventualmente ocorram nas suas pesquisas em razão da utilização de mecanismos de inteligência artificial.
Bioinformatics Evolution of Gene Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Seidkhani Hossein , Valizadeh Reza
Published: October 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in whsich a person’s immune system destroys the myelin around nerve cells in the central nervous system (CNS), yet the peripheral nervous system remains intact. The aim of this study is to investigate the bioinformatics of gene biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. In this study, after reviewing the texts and searching for the bioinformatics databases of NCBI, Gencards, Swiss-prot, Diseasome, etc. the genes involved in the disease based on at, least one of the methods in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico has been suggested to be extracted will be considered as candidate genes. In order to compare the results in case and control groups, the expression data obtained from each group was standardized compared to the control group. Then, the connection network of expression data of candidate genes in patients and healthy people was drawn separately with the help of MATLAB software (Version 9.1), and the correctness of these networks and determined biomarkers was checked using the rectome and diseasome database. All statistical calculations were done using R and Matlab software. In the present study, using 5 central criteria including: maximum neighborhood component, degree, closeness, radiality and betweeness, the set of essential genes of MS disease was identified. Based on the results of the central criteria method, TNF, CD40, IL2, IL2RA, IL 7 genes had the most repetitions. According to the identification of the most effective genes related to MS disease in the present study, it is suggested that further studies be designed at the in vitro and clinical levels on the identified effective genes as diagnostic biomarkers of MS disease.
El patrón de poblamiento prehispánico en el altiplano cundiboyacense y sus consecuencias en la constitución de la sociedad colonial
Authors: Argüello García Pedro María
Published: October 2023

Con base en información documentada en crónicas y archivos coloniales, se ha sostenido que el patrón de asentamiento de los indígenas que habitaban el altiplano cundiboyacense, centro de Colombia, al momento del arribo de los españoles, era preponderantemente disperso. Tal afirmación ha sido el punto de partida para la formulación de diferentes postulados respecto a la constitución de la sociedad colonial. Este artículo evalúa dicha hipótesis mediante el análisis de los patrones de asentamiento prehispánico (período Muisca Tardío 700-400 a. P.) de seis regiones del altiplano cundiboyacense, utilizando estadísticas espaciales (vecino más cercano y función K de Ripley). El resultado es contrario a lo expresado a partir de las fuentes etnohistóricas y, de forma consistente, muestra que los indígenas se asentaban en relativa cercanía unos de otros. Por lo tanto, es posible caracterizar el patrón de asentamiento indígena previo a la llegada de los europeos como nucleado.
Entre la conspiración, la sospecha y el absurdo: contribuciones para una interpretación del terraplanismo
Authors: Antunes Almeida Rafael
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo expone una interpretación antropológica del terraplanismo, movimiento que tiene como principales tesis las afirmaciones de que la Tierra es plana, de que hay una conspiración mundial que oculta el mencionado secreto y de que los terraplanistas serían los verdaderos científicos. En su análisis, el artículo vincula la literatura sobre el concepto de posverdad y la discusión sobre los otros repugnantes (Harding 1991), valiosas referencias para pensar sobre las entrevistas hechas a miembros del autoproclamado movimiento terraplanista. Se establece aquí una comparación entre estos actores y otra comunidad de paracientíficos, los ufólogos, estudiados por el autor entre los años 2011 y 2014. Se afirma que tanto los terraplanistas como los ufólogos acusan a los científicos de ser dogmáticos (Cross 2000). Sin embargo, se observa una intensificación de la desconfianza más general hacia la ciencia entre aquellos quesostienen que la Tierra es plana.
China’s Land Reform and Rural Innovation: A Case Study
Authors: Li Xiandong , Li Xianmei , Liao Yuanlin , Mi Qiao , Yu Guoxin
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we introduced the historical process and internal logic of China’s rural land system reform and analyzed the successful experience of land reform in Dongling village. The results show that the long-term stability of land contracting right makes the ownership be virtualized, and the legalization of the land transfer lays the foundation for the diversification of the rural management subjects. The clear property rights enable them to allocate labour and capital freely, obtain economic benefits and then promote the development of rural industries. Land moderate-scale management is a dynamic and differentiated concept. All management subjects can achieve their ideal moderate scale of operation through land circulation. The experience of Dongling village shows that the land transfer should rely on the industry, and the key to the success or failure of the reform is that the industry should be sustainable, the distribution should be reasonable, the management should be scientific, and the supervision should be adequate. Of course, for developing countries, we need to formulate reform plans based on the differences in resource endowment instead of pursuing “fixed models” and “one-size-fits-all policy”.
Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Education Research Development in Scopus International Database Publications 2018-2022
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Hakiman  , Ramadhan Syahrul
Published: October 2023

This research aims as literature or library material that can be used in mapping the writing of further Islamic Education scientific articles. By knowing the main information of the article, the most relevant authors, developments of publication by year, productive countries, co-occurrence network by title, source titles, theme developments, trending topics by title, wordcloud by title, thematic maps, most citations, and institutional network collaborations.the tool used to analyze the data in this study is part of the r-studio, namely the software bibliometrix r-package. the analyzed data were obtained from the scopus database with journal document types. the type of document obtained is in the form of a bibtex file extension that is analyzed using the biblioshiny webinterface. the results of a bibliometric analysis of the scientific study of Islamic Education provide an illustration that scientific articles on Islamic Education are quite popular in the world of global academia. Furthermore, the collaboration of institutional networks in scientific studies of Islamic Education is still dominated by universities in Muslim-majority countries. The discussion of the scientific study of Islamic Education raised many themes related to the social field, the concept of Islamic Education in general, and Islamic Education which was integrated with several other concepts such as entrepreneurship, Islamic Education in Indonesia, and others. The development of studies on Islamic Education follows global developments where from 2020 until now researchers have discussed a lot about Islamic Education which is connected to the Covid-19 Pandemic situation.
From Modernism to Neo-Modernism: A Religio-Political Context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Alfina Hidayah  , Maghribi Hamdan Maghribi
Published: October 2023

Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are among the influential Muslim scholars after the Medieval era of the eighteenth to twentieth century. Their characteristics of thought are often titled Muhammad Abduh as a Modernist and Fazlur Rahman as a Neo-Modernist. Their ideas became significant since they influenced several contemporary Muslim scholars in the Muslim world, such as Rashid Rida, Qasim Amin, Amina Wadud, Farid Esack, Nurkholis Majid, etc. This study examines the religiopolitical context of Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman in constructing their thoughts - the so-called - Modernism and Neo Modernism, followed by the comparison of both ideas. Through a comparative analysis of both scholars’ thoughts, this paper ends with some results that the Ideas of modernism and neo-modernism brought by Muhammad Abduh and Fazlur Rahman are very relevant to his religiopolitical context and in accordance with the needs of the people of that time. Modernism of the 19th century offered about being responsive to Western progress and sticking to tradition, while neo-modernism presented the response in a more systematic and methodic.
First confirmed records of the trapping and killing of lizards due to the beekeeper-lizard conflict and a global overview of the issue
Authors: Qashqaei Ali , Najafi-Majd Elnaz
Published: October 2023

Recently, the human-wildlife conflict has become one of the most
important challenges for humans in dealing with nature. In some cases,
conflicts have happened with species that have not occurred previously
or at least have not been reported. The current study provides
unprecedented evidence of the beekeeper-lizard conflict that has never
happened before. This study was conducted using three methods: field
survey, interviewing beekeepers, and review of published materials. In
the field survey, the presence and absence of lizard species around the
apiaries were identified. Evidence that the bees were being preyed upon
by lizards was then examined and the beekeeper was questioned about the
damage caused by the lizards. The last method was to review articles,
book chapters, and reports to ensure that the serious beekeeper-lizard
conflict had not occurred or at least been reported in other countries.
In the field surveys, between May and July 2018, three records of
trapping, persecution and killing of the Golden Grass Skink, Heremites
auratus by beekeepers were found in Tehran and Zanjan provinces of Iran.
In addition, narrative evidence of honey bees’ predation by the skinks
in Alborz and Qazvin provinces was obtained on a “Beekeeping WhatsApp
group”. Most studies on honey bees’ predation by lizards have been
conducted in Ethiopia. Also, the largest numbers of honey bee predator
lizard species have been reported from Asia (e.g. India, Pakistan) and
Africa (e.g. Nigeria, Sudan). Among the recorded lizard species, the
Tokay Gecko, Gekko gecko and Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus
are introduced and invasive species. Inoffensive remedy techniques,
raising public awareness, various types of low-interest loans and honey
bee hives insurance to reduce the conflict, should be used in Asian and
African countries; otherwise they will face major challenges in
beekeeper-lizard conflict control and management of the issue.
RNA + peptide editing in chemosensory proteins (CSPs), a new theory for the origin of life on Earth’s crust
Authors: Picimbon Jean-François
Published: October 2023

“RNA + peptide editing are two successive independent mechanisms
required to generate a plethora of new functional isoforms in a wide
range of binding protein families”. I discuss the characteristics of
‘Chemosensory Proteins’ CSPs in insects and their potential role in life
origins and evolution, review diversity of CSP proteins, and present a
fresh view on the molecular evolution and origins of life. I
specifically address the relationship between the observed mutations in
insect CSPs and the origin of life. The group in Jinan discovered a high
level of pinpoint mutations on the RNA and peptide sequences of Bombyx
mori chemosensory proteins (BmorCSPs) and odor-binding proteins
(BmorOBPs). A new phylogenetic analysis of peptide mutations is
presented, adding to the pioneering work, which discovered that binding
protein mutations might have spread from bacteria to moths and other
insect groups. Then, emphasis is placed on specific mechanisms of
non-random mutations that alter α-helical profiling and introduce new
functions at the protein level. I describe observed BmorCSP mutations in
several insect species that occur through various mechanisms such as RNA
editing and/or protein recoding in the ribosome, and I propose that such
mechanisms may have played a role in the emergence and evolution of life
on Earth’s crust. RNA + Peptide lays the groundwork for the proposed RNA
Peptide World theory of life’s origin and evolution on Earth’s crust,
which is stated further below.
Comparison of Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis Criteria in Clinical Settings: Conventional vs. Neuropsychological
Authors: Kim Hye-Geum , Kim Younggyo , Edmonds Emily C. , Bondi Mark W.
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Theories on Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis
propose a gap between pathological changes and the onset of clinical
symptoms. The early detection of cognitive decline is crucial for the
implementation of preventive strategies. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
is a transitional stage and an accurate diagnosis is vital. However, the
diagnosis of MCI varies due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria. This
study aims to explore the effectiveness of comprehensive
neuropsychological (NP) criteria, including all cognitive domains, for
diagnosing cognitive impairment in clinical settings. Methods:
The study included 509 subjects with subjective cognitive complaints
between 2017 and 2021. They were diagnosed using the conventional and NP
criteria, and the results were named the complex criteria (conventional
criteria-NP criteria). Results: Concordance between the
conventional and NP diagnostic criteria diagnoses was 87.82%. Some
participants diagnosed with MCI or dementia using the conventional
criteria were classified as normal according to the NP criteria.
Notably, the MCI-NC and Demantia (DEM)-NC groups exhibited distinct
characteristics. The MCI-NC group had higher depression scores and
better memory performance and executive function than the MCI-MCI group.
The DEM-NC group had better instrumental activities of daily living and
lower functional impairment than the DEM-DEM group. Conclusion:
This study highlights the complexity of diagnosing cognitive impairment
in older adults and the importance of comprehensive criteria. Relying
solely on conventional criteria may lead to an overdiagnosis. The NP
criteria consider various cognitive domains and better discriminate
between individuals with MCIs or other factors that contribute to
cognitive difficulties. Further research is required to investigate
long-term outcomes and clinical implications of these discrepant
diagnoses.
Admixture and reproductive skew shape the conservation value of ex situ populations of the Critically Endangered eastern black rhino
Authors: Elsner-Gearing Franziska , Kretzschmar Petra , Shultz Susanne , Pilgrim Mark , Dawson Deborah , Horsburgh Gavin , Hruby Jìrì , Hopper Jane , King Tony , Walton Catherine
Published: October 2023

Small populations of endangered species risk losing already eroded
genetic diversity, important for adaptive potential, through the effects
of genetic drift. The magnitude of drift can be mitigated by maximising
the effective population size, as is the goal of genetic management
strategies. Different mating systems, specifically those leading to
reproductive skew, exacerbate genetic drift by distorting contributions.
In the absence of an active management strategy, reproductive skew will
have long-term effects on the genetic composition of a population,
particularly where admixture is present. Here we examine the contrasting
effects of conservation management strategies in two ex situ populations
of the Critically Endangered eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis
michaeli), one managed as a semi-wild population in South Africa (SAx),
and one managed under a mean-kinship breeding strategy in European zoos.
We use molecular data to reconstruct pedigrees for both populations and
validate the method using the zoo studbook. Using the reconstructed
pedigree and studbook we show there is male sex-specific skew in both
populations. However, the zoo’s mean-kinship breeding strategy
effectively reduces reproductive skew in comparison to a semi-wild
population with little genetic management. We also show that strong male
reproductive skew in SAx has resulted in extensive admixture, which may
require a re-evaluation of the population’s original intended role in
the black rhino meta-population. With a high potential for admixture in
many ex situ populations of endangered species, molecular and pedigree
data remain vital tools for populations needing to balance drift and
selection.
Patterns of avian tree usage in the primeval temperate forests of Białowieża National Park
Authors: Karpińska Oliwia , Kamionka-Kanclerska Katarzyna , Dyderski Marcin , Czortek Patryk , Czeszczewik Dorota
Published: October 2023

Quantitative evidence on tree space segregation among avian assemblages
in temperate primeval forests is currently lacking. Therefore, our study
aimed to determine the species composition of birds across different
parts of trees. We investigated whether species richness differs between
positions on a tree and how these positions influence the probability of
occurrence of specific bird species. To achieve this, we observed birds
within permanent plots in Białowieża National Park (BNP) and analyzed
the distribution patterns of birds within six vertical and three
horizontal sectors of trees. The compositional dissimilarity between
tree sectors was assessed using detrended correspondence analysis. We
employed generalized linear mixed-effects models to examine differences
in species richness and the probability of occurrence for ten of the
most frequently observed species across tree sectors. The majority of
the BNP bird community was associated with the branches, while other
birds occupied the tree crown trunks and the understory trunks. Species
richness was the highest on branches in the crown part of trees,
followed by lower species richness on trunks associated with crowns, and
the lowest richness was observed on branches and trunks in the
understory. These results indicate that branches in the middle and lower
parts of the crown serve as avian diversity hotspots on trees, likely
due to the abundance of various food sources. The differing patterns of
tree usage by specific bird species may suggest the avoidance of
interspecific competition for resources. Importantly, our study provides
a pristine state for future investigations.
In situ automatic deposition of PLGA/PLLA composite nanofibrous membranes for personalized wound dressing
Authors: Liu Yuzhi , Xia Bihan , Zhao Rui , Qin Mei , Weng Xuan , Deng Kai , Zeng Zhi , Bao Yu , Jiang Hai
Published: October 2023

Improving mechanical properties of wound dressings and achieving
personalized automatic real-time in situ deposition are important
to accelerate wound management and repair. In this study, we reported a
home designed automatic in situ deposition device based on
solution blow spinning (SBS) to prepare PLGA/PLLA composite nanofibrous
membranes for wound dressing. Polymer solution and in situ
deposition conditions including air pressure, spinning distance, solvent
extrusion rate, and spinning rate were optimized by orthogonal
experiments and characterized with dynamic mechanical analysis.
Microscopic morphology and physical properties of the prepared PLGA/PLLA
composite nanofibrous membranes show that the strength, adhesion, water
vapor transmission rate, water retention, water absorption, degradation
etc., were sufficient for wound dressing applications. To investigate
the possibility as a biomedical wound-dressing material, tannic acid
(TA) was incorporated with PLGA/PLLA composite nanofibrous membranes.
The resultant PLGA/PLLA/TA composite nanofibrous membranes exhibited
good biocompatible and exceptional antibacterial properties against both
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A pilot animal
study illustrated the potential of this in situ deposition of
PLGA/PLLA/TA composite nanofibrous membranes across multiple
applications in wound healing/ repair by reducing the formation of wound
scar tissue and overactivation of fibroblasts.