bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaip Kovno tapo Kaunu : miesto lituanizavimas 1918–1940 m.
Authors: Balkus Mindaugas
Published: April 2023

Monografijoje nagrinėjamas visuomenės ir viešosios erdvės lituanizavimas Kauno mieste 1918–1940 m. Lituanizavimo terminu šiame darbe įvardijama: 1) lietuvių kalbos vartojimo sklaida viešojoje erdvėje, 2) modernios lietuvių tautinės tapatybės sklaida. Monografijoje atskleidžiamos teorinės Kauno miesto lituanizavimo prielaidos bei jų santykis su modernios tautinės Lietuvos valstybės siekiu nacionalizuoti visuomenę ir viešąją erdvę. Tyrime aptariami etnosocialiniai ir etnodemografiniai procesai (lietuvių migracija į Kauną, nelietuvių apsisprendimas vidaus pasuose keisti tautybę į lietuvių, pavardžių (su)(at)lietuvinimas ir kt.), sąlygoję modernios lietuvių tautinės tapatybės sklaidą Kauno mieste. Atskleidžiamas lietuvių kalbos įtvirtinimo procesas valstybinėse ir Kauno miesto savivaldybės įstaigose. Tyrime analizuojama, kaip vyko rašytinės lietuvių kalbos (gatvių pavadinimų lentelėse, viešose iškabose, oficialiuose skelbimuose ir kt.) sklaida viešojoje erdvėje. Aptariama sakytinės komunikacijos lietuvių kalba plėtotė viešumoje. Monografijoje atskleidžiami Kauno miesto pradinių mokyklų ir gimnazijų lituanizavimo ypatumai: mokyklų dėstomąja lietuvių kalba tinklo plėtra, mokinių priėmimo į nelietuviakalbes mokyklas ribojimai bei lietuvių kalbos mokymo(si) pasiekimai. Tyrime aiškinamasi, kaip buvo įtvirtinta lietuvių kalba mokslo ir studijų procesuose Lietuvos (Vytauto Didžiojo) universitete. Analizuojama lietuvių kalbos sklaida pamaldose Kauno katalikų bei evangelikų liuteronų bažnyčiose. Tyrime aptariama Kaune dislokuotų Lietuvos kariuomenės dalinių (Kauno įgulos) ir Lietuvos šaulių sąjungos vienetų veikla mokant karius, šaulius ir kt. lietuvių kalbos, populiarinant jos vartojimą viešumoje.
The Conception of Creativity of Rozanov in the Context of Ancient Tradition.
Authors: Akimov Oleg Yur'evich
Published: April 2023

The creativity of Rozanov is realized as the flow of experiences and associations. This experiences are putting together by means of the topic-conception “becoming”, that belongs to ancient categories. This categories are used to collect the dividual intuitions of Rozanov. Doctrine of Rozanov is interpreted as the coordination between the outside and the inside ranges of becoming. The inside rang of becoming includes by Rozanov the movement of people and things from birth to death. The inside ranges are corresponded with concrete things and represents the complex analogues to the outside range. The specific by Rozanov lies in the impossibility of things to stop eternal formation. By Rozanov this formation eventually determines itself. It is by Rozanov the folded type of entropy. Rozanov explicates forms of entropy, when he describes his life und the being of world. His descriptions are the is the evidence. We explain the cosmos by Rozanov with help of ancient ontological categories and determine his creativity as an interaction between cosmos and chaos. To find balance between cosmos and chaos is the main eksistential problem of his doctrine and life. The decision of this problem is by Rozanov imposable, but this impossibility gives the opportunity to understand the world of Rozanov in context of different directions of philosophy.
¿Qué hacer con el tiempo de los niños? Perspectivas de padres e hijos colombianos sobre el uso del tiempo y las actividades extracurriculares
Authors: Aristizábal García Diana Marcela , Pedraza Zandra
Published: April 2023

Occupying children’s time has become as a challenge for the contemporary upbringing of urban middle-class families. A cultural manifestation of this phenomenon is the accelerated growth of extracurricular activities designed for this population group. In this article, we analyze the meaning of these activities through the experiences of a group of middle-class children and parents in Bogota, Colombia. These activities are considered to be part of a strategy for the management of what is called children’s time. A dialogue on this notion is established, involving the voices of children and parents. The analysis also combines ideas from fields such as the anthropology of childhood and social studies on time. The ethnographic data are part of the fieldwork undertaken in 2018. Specifically, they are derived from some interviews and observations in commercial contexts and in a private educational institution. It is concluded that the childhood experience of these middle-class children is marked by family expectations about the materialization of their time. This conception of organized and productive children’s time appears to leave less room for children to have their own spaces for child socialization and forces parents to create family dynamics that are exhausting for their children and for themselves. This article contributes to recent discussions on the need to incorporate the analysis of time as a key variable to understand the modes of construction of ideas and experiences about childhood in different sociocultural contexts.
Descolonizar el pasado. Perspectivas críticas con los legados coloniales en la historia y la historiografía
Authors: García Fernández Javier
Published: April 2023

More than three decades of theories critical of cultural colonialism have given rise to many voices calling for a different way of interpreting, thinking, and expressing the world. In recent decades, the social sciences and humanities have played a central role in the debate on the epistemological and intellectual implications of Western colonial domination over territories in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The critique of Eurocentrism in the social sciences encompasses currents such as postcolonial critique, subaltern studies, decolonial theory, Afro-American Marxism, Chicano and border feminism, indigenous thought, and epistemologies of the South. The emergence of these theories that are critical of Eurocentrism has brought about a process of profound theoretical renewal in the social sciences that has called into question Eurocentric legacies, colonial projects, and the hegemony of Westernized universities. Historiographic production has remained, to a certain extent, on the margins of this theoretical renewal undergone by the humanities and social sciences. This article recapitulates the fundamental contributions of theories critical of Eurocentrism to the formation of a new historiography that overcomes the legacies of Eurocentric and colonial knowledge. We review the fundamental contributions of postcolonial studies, subaltern history, and decolonial theory to the interpretation of the past in order to think about the formulation of a new theory of history and a new non-Eurocentric historiography. We propose that this should critically examine the implications of the colonial legacy in how historiography itself and the rest of the social sciences and humanities conceive the past.
“Este tiempo me cambió la vida”: discursos y vivencias del tiempo de las empleadas de hogar durante la pandemia en Granada y Zaragoza, España
Authors: Martínez Sevilla Jesús , Hernández Cordero Ana Lucía , Tudela-Vázquez María del Pilar
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze how the covid-19 pandemic affected the perceptions and uses of time of domestic workers in Spain, focusing, in particular, on the cities of Granada and Zaragoza. Our work derives from the project “El cuidado importa. Impacto de género en las cuidadoras/es de mayores y dependientes en tiempos de la Covid-19” (CUMADE) coordinated by Universidad Rovira I Virgili de Tarragona-Cataluña (Spain), and run by interdisciplinary research teams from ten Spanish universities between the months of September 2020 and January 2021. The research is qualitative, based on in-depth interviews, and designed to investigate the impact of covid-19 on the care of the elderly and dependents and, more specifically, on the domestic workers’ sector. Temporality, so severely affected by the uncertainty and unpredictability of the new situation, provides an interesting axis for qualitative analysis of the discourses of women workers on the way in which the pandemic has conditioned their daily lives. To undertake this analysis, we base ourselves on the work of Ramón Ramos on las imágenes sociales del tiempo (the social images of time). This approach represents an original and novel analysis of the reality of domestic workers, while at the same time dialoguing with other recent work on this issue. The images of time as a resource, scenario, or horizon serve to analyze the discourse of our interviewees and show how time, understood as a social category, has structured and organized their lives. We consider what they have been able to do and what they have not been able to do, the distribution and intensification of tasks, their plans for the future, and the physical and emotional impact of the pandemic.
Silencios y verdad oficial. Operaciones de silenciamiento en el caso de la Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura de Chile
Authors: Mansilla Santelices Daniela , Bernasconi Ramírez Oriana
Published: April 2023

This article explores silence as a constitutive and constituent practice of the production of official and state truth regarding serious human rights violations, using the case of Chile as a starting point. We focus, in particular, on Chile’s National Commission on Political Prisoners and Torture (2003-2005), and its counterpart, the Advisory Commission for the Qualification of Disappeared Detainees, Political Executed, and Victims of Political Prisoners and Torture (2010-2011), whose objective was to qualify and repair the victims of the last Chilean civil military dictatorship (1973 and 1990). We discuss four silencing operations in which we identify the ways in which they relate and act in/with different artifacts and procedures of the Truth Commission (TC) device, after addressing its performative capacity on testimony, residual truth, and official truth. This qualitative research included interviews with declarants and ex-officials of the commissions, and professionals of the National Institute of Human Rights, along with a study of secondary sources. Drawing from a post-structuralist theoretical-methodological approach and from the field of science, technology, and society studies, we conduct a rhizomatic analysis and an exercise of infrastructural inversion, focusing on that which is not part of the official truth, or that which is not public and visible. We strive to contribute to the field of study of ecologies of visibility/invisibility in knowledge infrastructures, and to memory and human rights studies. We do this based on a critical reading of the production of truth about human rights violations that, overcoming the dichotomous approach of what is said and not said, proposes that the official truth is not reduced to the information and data collected. Rather, it also includes operations of silencing that provoke actions within the Truth Commission and in its public reception.
Los dos Posnanskys: liberalismo, indigenismo y nacionalismo en el pensamiento arqueológico boliviano (1904-1946)
Authors: Villanueva Criales Juan
Published: April 2023

Reflections on the coloniality that permeates Latin American archaeologies enhance their role in the legitimization of national projects in tension with indigenous populations. These approaches prompt the adoption of an anthropological approach centered on the political uses of the past when studying the history of Latin American archaeologies. This, instead of a purely historiographical use. The history of Bolivian archaeology suggests that the National Revolution of 1952 was a point of rupture between the liberal and nationalist narratives. The purpose of this article is to discuss this postulate by considering the political uses of the past. To do so, we analyze the archaeological work of Arthur Posnansky, which covers four decades (1904-1946) of transformations in the ideologies and policies of the Bolivian State towards indigenous populations: the rise and decline of the liberal state, the indigenist-telurist proposal, and a nationalism that gave rise to the Revolution of 1952. We embark on a detailed diachronic journey through Posnansky’s archaeological work, concentrating on his narratives on the origin of pre-Hispanic populations, their characterization and valuation, the mechanisms of rupture between the present and the past, and their relations with contemporary indigenous populations. This journey is further complemented by considering political contexts and intellectual influences. We posit that Posnansky developed two narratives: one adapted to the liberal moment and the other to indigenism, and that his second narrative is analogous to the one produced after 1952. This new perspective raises questions about the relationship between archaeological narratives and politics, the role of scientific racism in contemporary Bolivia, and the importance of a comparative and cross-border emphasis in constructing a critical history of Latin American archaeologies.
SWOT Analysis of PSBB Policy Implementation at Public Facilities or Areas In Bekasi City in March-June 2020
Authors: Dwijayani Lidya , Haryudha Haryudha , Pratomo Hadi
Published: April 2023

Background: The government of Bekasi City has released specific policies related to PSBB, which startedfrom April 15, 2020, until the fifth amendment that will be over on July 2, 2020, due to the high prevalence of confirmedCOVID-19 cases in Bekasi City. Methods: Our study using a combination approach between Media Content Analysis forcollecting the secondary data and SWOT analysis plus Trias Policy Analysis in evaluation and identification the role ofseveral elements related to specific policies released from the Government of Bekasi City. Result: There are some bestrecommendations based on our SWOT analysis and Trias Policy Analysis, such as 1) “New normal” behavior of PHBS inBekasi City community through health promotion enhancement programs on RT/RW; 2) Reinforcement of regulation andpunishment for the violator of PSBB in region area of Bekasi City, and 3) Partnership optimization with social media asthe tool of the policy socialization process that released from the government. Conclusion: The effectiveness of policyimplementation on PSBB in Bekasi City requires active collaboration among government, community, and media. Theparticipation of government through clarity of policy content, participation of people was through policy compliance, andthe media act as the bridging to provide accessible information for the community.
A Study on Legal Policy of Pharmacy Education and Pharmacy Workers Related to the Urgency of Establishing Pharmacy Law
Authors: Pratita Rasta Naya , Bachtiar Adang
Published: April 2023

According to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, health is one of the basic human rights. One of the aspects that support health is the aspect of pharmacy. Pharmacy workers consist of Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technical Workers according to Law No. 36/2014 regarding Health Workers. In practice, pharmacy education in Indonesia is considered not sufficient to prepare the pharmacy workforce. There are currently contradictions in the applied pharmaceutical policy, where the number of pharmacy undergraduate programs is 279, while the number of pharmacist study programs is only 45. This results in an imbalance of graduates. There is a tendency that most pharmaceutical graduates will continue their professional education to become a pharmacist so that he can have full authority and is responsible for pharmaceutical work. Differences in curriculum background and type of education will lead to confusion regarding competency assessment. At the Pharmacist education level, there is no nationally applicable curriculum until this date. The difference in curriculum causes variations in the knowledge and abilities of graduates. The method used in this study is a review of articles from various legal rules related to pharmaceutical education in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate a need for synchronization of the pharmaceutical policy into one legal aspect so that there is no disharmony among the applied legal regulations. Eventually synergistic legal regulations will emerge, from education to legal certainty for Pharmacist as health professionals.
Travel behavior adjustment based epidemic spreading model and prediction for COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Hai-Ying , Gu Chang-Gui , Yang Hui-Jie ,   Department of Systems Science, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: April 2023

Owing to the continuous variant of the COVID-19 virus, the present epidemic may persist for a long time, and each breakout displays strongly region/time-dependent characteristics. Predicting each specific burst is the basic task for the corresponding strategies. However, the refinement of prevention and control measures usually means the limitation of the existing records of the evolution of the spread, which leads to a special difficulty in making predictions. Taking into account the interdependence of people’s travel behaviors and the epidemic spreading, we propose a modified logistic model to mimic the COVID-19 epidemic spreading, in order to predict the evolutionary behaviors for a specific bursting in a megacity with limited epidemic related records. It continuously reproduced the COVID-19 infected records in Shanghai, China in the period from March 1 to June 28, 2022. From December 7, 2022 when Mainland China adopted new detailed prevention and control measures, the COVID-19 epidemic broke out nationwide, and the infected people themselves took “ibuprofen” widely to relieve the symptoms of fever. A reasonable assumption is that the total number of searches for the word “ibuprofen” is a good representation of the number of infected people. By using the number of searching for the word “ibuprofen” provided on Baidu, a famous searching platform in Mainland China, we estimate the parameters in the modified logistic model and predict subsequently the epidemic spreading behavior in Shanghai, China starting from December 1, 2022. This situation lasted for 72 days. The number of the infected people increased exponentially in the period from the beginning to the 24th day, reached a summit on the 31st day, and decreased exponentially in the period from the 38th day to the end. Within the two weeks centered at the summit, the increasing and decreasing speeds are both significantly small, but the increased number of infected people each day was significantly large. The characteristic for this prediction matches very well with that for the number of metro passengers in Shanghai. It is suggested that the relevant departments should establish a monitoring system composed of some communities, hospitals, etc. according to the sampling principle in statistics to provide reliable prediction records for researchers.
PASK links cellular energy metabolism with a mitotic self-renewal network to establish differentiation competence
Authors: Xiao Michael , Wu Chia-Hua , Meek Graham , Kelly Brian , Castillo Dara Buendia , Young Lyndsay EA , Martire Sara , Dhungel Sajina , McCauley Elizabeth , Saha Purbita , Dube Altair L , Gentry Matthew S , Banaszynski Laura A , Sun Ramon C , Kikani Chintan K
Published: April 2023

Quiescent stem cells are activated in response to a mechanical or chemical injury to their tissue niche. Activated cells rapidly generate a heterogeneous progenitor population that regenerates the damaged tissues. While the transcriptional cadence that generates heterogeneity is known, the metabolic pathways influencing the transcriptional machinery to establish a heterogeneous progenitor population remains unclear. Here, we describe a novel pathway downstream of mitochondrial glutamine metabolism that confers stem cell heterogeneity and establishes differentiation competence by countering post-mitotic self-renewal machinery. We discovered that mitochondrial glutamine metabolism induces CBP/EP300-dependent acetylation of stem cell-specific kinase, PAS domain-containing kinase (PASK), resulting in its release from cytoplasmic granules and subsequent nuclear migration. In the nucleus, PASK catalytically outcompetes mitotic WDR5-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) interaction resulting in the loss of post-mitotic Pax7 expression and exit from self-renewal. In concordance with these findings, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PASK or glutamine metabolism upregulated Pax7 expression, reduced stem cell heterogeneity, and blocked myogenesis in vitro and muscle regeneration in mice. These results explain a mechanism whereby stem cells co-opt the proliferative functions of glutamine metabolism to generate transcriptional heterogeneity and establish differentiation competence by countering the mitotic self-renewal network via nuclear PASK.
Differential ripple propagation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis
Authors: De Filippo Roberto , Schmitz Dietmar
Published: April 2023

Hippocampal ripples are highly synchronous neural events critical for memory consolidation and retrieval. A minority of strong ripples has been shown to be of particular importance in situations of increased memory demands. The propagation dynamics of strong ripples inside the hippocampal formation are, however, still opaque. We analyzed ripple propagation within the hippocampal formation in a large open-access dataset comprising 267 Neuropixel recordings in 49 awake, head-fixed mice. Surprisingly, strong ripples (top 10% in ripple strength) propagate differentially depending on their generation point along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. The septal hippocampal pole is able to generate longer ripples that engage more neurons and elicit spiking activity for an extended time even at considerable distances. Accordingly, a substantial portion of the variance in strong ripple duration (R² = 0.463) is explained by the ripple generation location on the longitudinal axis, in agreement with a possible distinctive role of the hippocampal septal pole in conditions of high-memory demand. Moreover, we observed that the location of the ripple generation has a significant impact on the spiking rate modulation of different hippocampal subfields, even before the onset of the ripple. This finding suggests that ripple generation location plays a crucial role in shaping the neural activity across the hippocampus.
Empire's Labor
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

In a dramatic unveiling of the little-known world of contracted military logistics, this book examines the lives of the global army of laborers who support US overseas wars. The book brings to the reader the experience of the hundreds of thousands of men and women who perform jobs such as truck drivers and administrative assistants at bases located in warzones in the Middle East and Africa. It highlights the changes the U.S. military has undergone since the Vietnam War, when the ratio of contractors to uniformed personnel was roughly 1:6. In Afghanistan it has been as high as 4:1. This growth in logistics contracting represents a fundamental change in how the United States fights wars, with the military now dependent on a huge pool of contractors recruited from around the world. It also has social, economic, and political implications that extend well beyond the battlefields. Focusing on workers from the Philippines and Bosnia, two major sources of “third country national” military labor, the book explains the rise of large-scale logistics outsourcing since the end of the Cold War; describes the networks, infrastructures, and practices that span the spaces through which people, information, and goods circulate; and reveals the experiences of foreign workers, from the hidden dynamics of labor activism on bases, to the economic and social impacts these jobs have on their families and the communities they hail from. Through extensive fieldwork and interviews, the book gives voice to the agency and aspirations of the many thousands of foreigners who labor for the US military.
The Wages of Peace and War
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the duality of prosperity and precarity experienced by Bosnians who have worked for the U.S. military and various contractors over the past two-plus decades. It begins by describing the economic and social significance of participation in Bosnia's postwar “peacekeeping economy” in the 1990s, with companies providing logistics support for peacekeeping forces, or employment with one of the myriad international organizations involved in peacebuilding projects during this period. This chapter provides details of the shift to employment in warzones in the Middle East and Afghanistan as the relatively privileged direct hires with Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) prime contractors. It also describes the shift to working for contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan, which often led to a dramatic upgrade in pay and status—at least initially.
Assembling a Transnational Workforce
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter contrasts the legal hiring processes and key nodes for recruitment and travel to and from worksites in Afghanistan and the Middle East for Bosnians, who tend to be directly hired by prime contractors, and Filipinos, who have primarily worked for subcontractors. It traces social networks, recruiting agencies, internet forums, and company-specific application processes that constitute certain labor supply chains. The chapter focuses on interviews with workers and labor brokers in the Philippines in order to trace the various routes traversed by Filipinos and Bosnians who have worked in the Middle East, Afghanistan, and Africa over the past two decades. It also examines trafficking and underground recruiting channels. Legal and illegal recruiting can be rather difficult to neatly delineate, and thus it is better view them as positions along a spectrum rather than dichotomous categories.
Activism
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter analyzes the hidden dynamics of labor activism on military bases in Iraq and Afghanistan. It focuses on three strategies: protests, strikes, and “jumping” from one company to another. This chapter describes the motivations of workers who engage in these actions, as well as the risks, and the coercive measures employed by companies to suppress them. The first action of foreign workers in the event of labor struggles is a “don't rock the boat” approach. That is, keep one's head down and continue to work without complaining or trying to change conditions. A second option is to return home. The problem is that this is a road to economic ruin if one paid exorbitant recruiting fees and still owes money to loan sharks, as many workers do. Finally, workers can decide to engage in labor activism. The rest of the chapter examines when, why, and to what effect workers choose labor activism.
Relations
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines stark differences in pay, perks, and working conditions between those employed by prime contractors or subcontractors, and ways that race, nationality, and gender shape relations and hierarchies among workers and between workers and service members on bases. It examines two social fields that significantly influence the experiences of the military's third country nations (TCN) workforce, which in their most basic form can be referred to as company and identity. Perhaps the most important influence on life on a military base in a warzone concerns the type of company that one works for. The chapter further emphasizes how important employment with a prime contractor or subcontractor is in determining pay and privileges, as well as relations among workers, and between workers and service members. It also discusses in further detail the introduction of tiered contracts by Fluor and DynCorp in Afghanistan, which has blurred the distinction between prime contractors and subcontractors in recent years.
Home
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter explores the themes of family, community, and returning home. It encompasses the impact of working on bases in warzones on family life, including divorce and marriage, the economic and social impacts on communities that workers hail from, and difficulties in adjusting to life at home following the end of employment. The chapter focuses on home around three themes. The first concerns specific effects of the United States' overseas wars on communities and families in Bosnia and the Philippines, especially those with high concentrations of military laborers. The second focuses on workers' longing for family and friends while living a secluded life on bases halfway across the world, and how they communicate with those back home. The final theme explores the question of how political, social, and economic contexts at home shape individuals' ability to adjust to life after military work, including retrospective perceptions of the upsides and downsides of such work.
Stress Analysis on Spur Gears Using ANSYS Workbench 16.0
Authors: Thu May Phyoe , Min Nwe Lin
Published: April 2023

Gear is one of the most important machine elements in mechanical power transmission system. It is a rotating machine part having cut tooth which meshes with another tooth part in order to transmit torque. The application of gears has a wide range starting from tiny wrist watch to huge heavy machinery such as automobile, aerospace industry and marine engines due to its high degree of reliability and compactness. Spur gears have straight tooth and are parallel to the axis of the wheel. The bending stress and total deformation of gear tooth is considered to be the paramount objective of for modern gear design. A pair of spur gear tooth in action is generally subjected to two types of cyclic stress, contact stress and bending stress including fatigue. In this paper, the contact stress analysis of stainless steel spur gear by theoretical method using Hertz equation and Finite element analysis using ANSYS 16.0 workbench. The present work is an attempt to find root bending stress distribution, maximum allowable contact stress and total deformation of a stainless steel spur gear tooth.
TEMA EVOLUÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Nascimento Adriel De Almeida Silva , Santos Telma Temoteo dos
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento nas atas do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPECs) sobre o tema evolução, a fim de conhecer quais os principais eixos temáticos discutidos, as potencialidades didáticas e os obstáculos enfrentados pelos docentes na educação básica. O caminho metodológico foi estruturado em duas etapas: na primeira, a partir do recorte temporal, priorizando as cinco últimas edições do evento (2011-2019), e após aplicados os critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 82 artigos. Na segunda etapa, para a análise dos dados, foi empregada a categorização presente em Soares e Silva (2020) e em Bardin (2011). Dentre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se a necessidade de fomentar pesquisas sobre a formação inicial docente e que as concepções dos discentes são carregadas de informações incorretas sobre evolução, além da formação de discurso refratário as teorias evolutivas, em razão das concepções religiosas
EXPERIÊNCIAS DOS DISCENTES DA LICENCIATURA EM FÍSICA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA DO BRASIL COM RELAÇÃO AO ENSINO REMOTO NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA COVID-19.
Authors: Duran Andrades Richar Nicolas , Rutz da Silva Silvio Luiz
Published: April 2023

O objetivo de esta pesquisa foi descrever a experiência dos discentes da licenciatura em Física no ensino remoto emergencial em um curso de graduação de uma universidade pública do brasil em decorrência da Covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência nesse processo de ensino remoto emergencial, após as medidas de afastamento social em consequência da pandemia. Como metodologia se utilizo questionário com 10 (dez) questões utilizando Google forms para obter informação e opinião da maioria dos alunos do curso. Como resultados das experiências com o ensino remoto perpassou pela capacitação e acompanhamento dos docentes e discentes quanto o uso de ferramentas virtuais, bem como pela necessidade de readequação das estratégias de ensino, utilização de diversas ferramentas de tecnologias digitais para propor possíveis produtos que compuseram atividades educacionais, essa mudança drástica para o ensino remoto não foi processo fácil nem para os professores nem para os alunos. Encarar esses processos que para alguns pode ter sido tranquilo com relação ao uso de tecnologias, mas se encontram grandes dificuldades em outros.
Study on the Impact of RMB Exchange Rate Changes on China-Japan-Korea Commodity Trade
Authors: Hao Wu , Yongqi Xu
Published: April 2023

With the development of economic globalization, the connection between countries has been continuously strengthened. The Chinese government is currently implementing a series of policies to adjust the import and export structure, cultivate the international competitiveness of import and export enterprises, and promote the steady growth of foreign trade.

This paper investigates the relationship between RMB exchange rate fluctuation and commodity trade between China, Japan and South Korea through theoretical and empirical analysis. Firstly, the paper sorts out the mechanism of exchange rate changes affecting trade, and then discusses the trade process and development prospects of China and Japan and South Korea. The empirical analysis is based on the PLSR partial least squares model to investigate the relationship between exchange rate changes and China-Japan-Korea merchandise trade. The empirical results show that GDP has a low impact on the trade between Japan and Korea and China, and in contrast, for every 1% increase in the real exchange rate, the import and export volume decreases by 0.4% and 0.14%, respectively, with a positive contribution relationship. That is, the devaluation of the RMB will boost the import and export commodity trade between China, Japan and Korea. Finally, for the impact of RMB volatility on trade, the author gives appropriate advice to local governments.
Safety Evaluation of FONIO (Digitaria exilis)/Ricebean (Vigna Umbellata) Based Complementary Food
Authors: Ijeomah O. C. , Ndukwu C. L. C. , Azubuike C. U.
Published: April 2023

This study evaluated the oligosaccharides, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, microbial count, pH and acidity of fonio (Digitaria exilis)/ricebean (Vigna umbellata) based complementary foods in order to ascertain the safety of the formulations. A 3 by 4 by 4 factorial design was used. A 70:30 (treated fonio): (72 h sprouted and dehulled ricebean) blend containing 30 % peeled dried carrot and 30 % crayfish (FNBN) was formulated. A similar blend with additional 20 % milk (FNBP), a third blend containing unsprouted and undehulled ricebean (FNBU) and a fourth containing only treated fonio and sprouted ricebean (FNBM) were also formulated.  The level of stachyose and raffinose in the diets ranged from 0.21±0.00 -0.40±0.02 % and 0.05±0.00 -0.10±0.01 % respectively. The levels of stachyose and raffinose in the sprouted samples (FNBP, FNBN and FNBM) were comparable (p>0.05) and low suggesting absence of flatulence. The residual phytochemicals in the formulations ranged from 0.160±0.00-0.28±0.00 % (alkaloid), 0.17±0.02-0.35±0.01 % (flavonoid) and 0.39±0.02-0.530±0.01 % (saponin). These low values indicate absence of allergy. The dietary fiber contents of the blends were lower (p<0.05) than the recommended 5 % for complementary food indicating that the digestive system of the infants can handle it. The low bacterial load and zero fungal growth observed in the products depict high level of hygiene and sanitary quality while the near neutral pH and low acidity suggest caution during handling and feeding of the infant. These conditions favour growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms.  Results of the study show a high measure of safety of the formulations.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitance among Pregnant Women and Nursing Mothers in Nigeria
Authors: Chionuma Joy Onyinyechi , Kuku-Kuye Taiwo Olufunmilayo , Olalere Folasade Haleemah , Olumodeji Ayokunle Moses
Published: April 2023

Background: As evidence emerges about its safety and effectiveness, COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women and nursing mothers is of interest. This study assessed the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among these cohorts in Nigeria.

Methods: A multicentre, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among attendees of antenatal and postnatal clinics. Pretested self-administered questionnaire which consists of 29 items that assessed perception and acceptance of vaccine was used to generate data following informed written consent.

Data Analysis: Data was analysed using the IBM Statistics version 26. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to assess for factors that influence their choices. Statistical significance was set at P value ≤ 0.05.

Results: Six hundred and forty women participated, 336 (52.5%) were pregnant and 304 (47.5%) nursing mothers. Only 54 (8.4%) of the women were willing to be vaccinated. Acceptance was driven by the desire to prevent severe disease or infecting others. The death of a family member from the virus (AOR 5.322; 95% CI 2.641-10.749; p<0.001) and age <30 years (AOR 1.862 95% CI 1.043-3.322; p=0.035) had significant influence on acceptance. Lack of trust in the government (53%), cost (48.2%) and safety issues (44.1%) were main reasons for hesitance.

Conclusion: Hesitance to COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant and nursing mothers is high. This may be improved with concerted efforts in the dissemination of accurate evidence on vaccine safety in these women in various communities.
Health Care–Associated Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, March 2020-March 2022
Authors: Sands Kenneth E. , Blanchard E. Jackie , Fraker Sarah , Korwek Kimberly , Cuffe Michael
Published: April 2023

Importance

The reported incidence of many health care–associated infections (HAIs) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it is unclear whether this is due to increased patient risk or to increased pressure on the health care system.

Objective

To assess HAI occurrence among patients admitted to hospitals with and without COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of inpatients discharged both with and without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection was conducted. Data were obtained between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2022, from community hospitals affiliated with a large health care system in the US.

Exposure

COVID-19 infection.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Occurrence of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, and Clostridioides difficile infection as reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network.

Results

Among nearly 5 million hospitalizations in 182 hospitals between 2020 and 2022, the occurrence of health care–associated infections (HAIs) was high among the 313 200 COVID-19 inpatients (median [SD] age, 57 [27.3] years; 56.0% women). Incidence per 100 000 patient-days showed higher HAIs among those with COVID-19 compared with those without. For CLABSI, the incidence for the full 9 quarters of the study was nearly 4-fold higher among the COVID-19 population than the non–COVID-19 population (25.4 vs 6.9). For CAUTI, the incidence in the COVID-19 population was 2.7-fold higher in the COVID-19 population (16.5 vs 6.1), and for MRSA, 3.0-fold higher (11.2 vs 3.7). Quarterly trends were compared with the same quarter in 2019. The greatest increase in the incidence of HAI in comparison with the same quarter in 2019 for the entire population occurred in quarter 3 of 2020 for CLABSI (11.0 vs 7.3), quarter 4 of 2021 for CAUTI (7.8 vs 6.8), and quarter 3 of 2021 for MRSA (5.2 vs 3.9). When limited to the non–COVID-19 population, the increase in CLABSI incidence vs the 2019 incidence was eliminated, and the quarterly rates of MRSA and CAUTI were lower vs the prepandemic 2019 comparator quarter.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of hospitals during the pandemic, HAI occurrence among inpatients without COVID-19 was similar to that during 2019 despite additional pressures for infection control and health care professionals. The findings suggest that patients with COVID-19 may be more susceptible to HAIs and may require additional prevention measures.
Severity of COVID-19–Related Illness in Massachusetts, July 2021 to December 2022
Authors: Azhir Alaleh , Strasser Zachary H. , Murphy Shawn N. , Estiri Hossein
Published: April 2023

This cohort study uses hospitalization and 30-day mortality risks to create a temporal profile of the severity of COVID-19 in Massachusetts from July 2021 to December 2022.
Systemic interferon type I and B cell responses are impaired in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Authors: Oftedal Bergithe E. , Delaleu Nicolas , Dolan David , Meager Anthony , Husebye Eystein S. , Wolff Anette S. B.
Published: April 2023

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS‐1) is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene and characterised clinically by multiple autoimmune manifestations and serologically by autoantibodies against tissue proteins and cytokines. We here hypothesised that lack of AIRE expression in thymus affects blood immune cells and performed whole‐blood microarray analysis (N = 16 APS‐I patients vs 16 controls), qPCR verification, and bioinformatic deconvolution of cell subsets. We identified B cell responses as being downregulated in APS‐1 patients, which was confirmed by qPCR; these results call for further studies on B cells in this disorder. The type I interferon (IFN‐I) pathway was also downregulated in APS‐1, and the presence of IFN antibodies is the likely reason for this mild overall downregulation of the IFN‐I genes in most APS‐1 patients.
HLA–DRB1*15 and Eosinophilia Are Common Among Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Lerman Alison M. , Mahmud Shawn A. , Alfath Zineb , Langworthy Benjamin W. , Hobday Patricia M. , Riskalla Mona M. , Binstadt Bryce A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Concern exists that medications used to treat patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), particularly interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐6 blocking agents, might be causing adverse drug reactions and lung disease (systemic JIA‐LD). Carriage of HLA–DRB1*15 has been reported as a risk factor for adverse drug reactions among patients with systemic JIA. We performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate these factors at our center.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 86 subjects with systemic JIA followed for at least 6 months between 1996 and 2022. HLA typing was performed in 23 of the subjects. We compared characteristics of patients with or without eosinophilia. Among patients with HLA typing, we compared clinical characteristics of subjects with or without DRB1*15 and with or without systemic JIA‐LD.

Results

Among the 23 patients with HLA typing, 74% carried DRB1*15, and 63% of patients without systemic JIA‐LD carried DRB1*15. Seven subjects had systemic JIA‐LD, all of whom carried DRB1*15. Patients with systemic JIA‐LD were younger at the time of diagnosis and more likely to have had macrophage activation syndrome. Exposure to IL‐1 and IL‐6 blockers was common, occurring in 95% of patients. Eosinophilia occurred in 39% of patients with systemic JIA, often before IL‐1 or IL‐6 blockade. Eosinophilia was associated with adverse drug reactions and macrophage activation syndrome. There was 1 death, unrelated to active systemic JIA disease.

Conclusion

Carriage of DRB1*15 was more common in this cohort of patients with systemic JIA than in the general population. Eosinophilia and systemic JIA‐LD were more common among patients with severe systemic JIA complicated by macrophage activation syndrome.
Leader‐following consensus of a class of heterogeneous uncertain multi‐agent systems with a distributed model reference adaptive control law
Authors: Naleini Maryam Nicole , Koru Ahmet Taha , Lewis Frank L.
Published: April 2023

This paper considers the leader‐following consensus problem of a multi‐agent system whose agents have heterogeneous uncertain dynamics in homogeneous state dimensions. Each agent utilizes a distributed model reference adaptive control (MRAC) law to deal with uncertainties. The nominal part of the MRAC is a distributed static state feedback control law. The reference model is the leader‐following consensus problem of reference agents with homogeneous linear time‐invariant dynamics. This problem becomes an N‐player graphical differential game under a given cost function. The reference agents utilize distributed static state feedback controllers that constitute a Nash equilibrium solution to the graphical differential game. This paper provides the conditions for the distributed MRAC to guarantee that each agent asymptotically tracks the corresponding reference agent; consequently, the multi‐agent system solves the leader‐following consensus problem as the reference model does. These conditions yield a straightforward design method for the MRAC. A numerical example demonstrates an application of the proposed approach to a multi‐robot system with nonlinear dynamics.
Enabling High‐Performance Artificial Muscles via a High Strength Fiber Reinforcement Strategy
Authors: Zhu Zhendong , Luo Longbo , Wang Jiayu , Liu Shi , Wu Kai , Wang Yinghan , Liu Xiangyang , Qin Jiaqiang , Cheng Pei
Published: April 2023

Coiled‐polymer‐fiber‐based artificial muscles can provide large contractile actuation stroke. However, it is a challenge to achieve high actuation load and high actuation stroke for artificial muscle simultaneously. Herein, a powerful coiled‐polymer‐fiber‐based artificial muscle with a “rigid‐and‐flexible” structure is fabricated by cotwisting rigid heterocyclic aramid (HA) fibers with flexible silver‐plated nylon (SPN) fibers. The artificial muscle based on coiled HA@SPN fibers can lift a load over 108 MPa with a fast response time of 0.6 s, which is 309 times heavier than the load that human muscle can lift, and generate a work density per temperature of 41.3 J (kg °C)−1. The coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle exhibits high actuation stability of over 30 000 cycles. The coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle can provide a contractile actuation stroke of up to 8.2% and generate an average gravimetric mechanical energy density of 702 J kg−1, which is 18.1 times that of human skeletal muscle (≈38.8 J kg−1). An average contractile power density of 1168 W kg−1 is obtained for coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle, which is 23.4 times that of human skeletal muscle (≈50 W kg−1).
Wavelength‐Selective, Narrowband Graphene Transistor with a Plasmon‐Enhanced Pyroelectric Gate
Authors: Wei Le , Qian Jingjing , Dong Liang , Lu Meng
Published: April 2023

Herein, a wavelength‐selective pyroelectric sensor based on a graphene field‐effect transistor (gFET) with a plasmon‐enhanced pyroelectric gate (PG) is reported. The PG gFET (PG‐gFET) uses a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) or PVDF‐TrFE membrane doped with plasmonic nanoparticles as the gate. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incorporated into the PVDF‐TrFE membrane to enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency of PVDF‐TrFE in a specific narrowband wavelength range. The wavelength‐selective photothermal effect can optically modulate the gate potential of the PG‐gFET; this, in turn, leads to a change in current through the graphene film of the transistor. The PG‐gFET with AuNRs exhibits a maximum responsivity of 0.79 μA mW−1 at the wavelength of 660 nm. Replacing AuNRs with AgNPs in the PVDF‐TrFE membrane results in tuning the plasmonic response of the transistor to 488 nm with a maximum responsivity of 0.68 μA mW−1. When plasmonic nanoparticles are absent from the PVDF‐TrFE membrane, the maximum response wavelength of the transistor is shifted to a midinfrared regime at 3125 nm, which is associated with the CC absorption of PVDF‐TrFE. The ability of the PG‐gFET to selectively respond to different light wavelengths will benefit many fields, including pyroelectric sensors, spectroscopy, and imaging.