bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young users of electronic cigarettes exhibit reduced cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Simovic Tijana , Matheson Chloe , Cobb Kolton , Heefner Allison , Thode Christopher , Colon Marisa , Tunon Enrique , Billingsley Hayley , Salmons Hannah , Ahmed Syed Imran , Carbone Salvatore , Garten Ryan , Breland Alison , Cobb Caroline O. , Nana-Sinkam Patrick , Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula
Published: July 2024

E-cigarettes are tobacco products frequently used by youth and young adults. Little is known about the long-term health effects of their prolonged use. Results from the present study demonstrate that young, apparently healthy, regular users of e-cigarettes exhibit significantly reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, a marker of cardiovascular health and a predictor of all-cause mortality. We also identified that the young users of e-cigarettes present with lower chronotropic response and impaired skeletal muscle oxygen utilization during exercise.
The Underwater Projectile Launching Process Prediction Based on Reduced Order Method
Authors: Deng Ke , Jiang Yi , Liu Huan-Xing
Published: July 2024

In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and reduced order method (ROM) are developed for predicting the velocity time series during the initial stage of projectile launching. The overlapping grid technique is firstly applied to perform high accuracy CFD simulations of the underwater launch of a submarine‐launched projectile under two‐parameter varying working conditions (i.e., different piston velocities and pipe interface radii). After that, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)–based ROM is used for decomposing the launching process into several spatial dependent mode functions and the corresponding time coefficients. The prediction of the initial stage of the launching velocity (which is the most important part of the launching process) is realized by establishing the neural network between the working condition parameters and the POD basis coefficients. The analysis results show that this method of CFD and ROM can accurately predict the complex dynamic process such as projectile launching process.
Psoralen Isolated from the Roots of Dorstenia psilurus Welw. Modulate Th1/Th2 Cytokines and Inflammatory Enzymes in LPS‐Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Isa Adamu Imam , Fouotsa Hugues , Mohammed Osama A. , Alghamdi Mushabab , Adamu Bappa , Alfaifi Jaber , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed , Alamri Mohannad Mohammed Saleh , Khan Sameer , Adam Masoud Ishag Elkhalifa , Alqarni Abdullah Ali , Mohamed Mohamed O’haj , Ateba Joël Eddy Terence , Dzoyem Jean Paul
Published: July 2024

Dorstenia psilurus is a widely used plant spice in traditional African medicine to treat pain‐related conditions. However, the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms underlying this activity and the main active ingredients of D. psilurus have not yet been fully characterized. This study aimed to isolate and identify the main active anti‐inflammatory constituents of the D. psilurus extract and to investigate the underlying anti‐inflammatory mechanisms in murine macrophages. Chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic data were used for compound isolation and structure elucidation. The Griess reagent method and the ferrous oxidation‐xylenol orange assay were used to evaluate the inhibition of NO production and 15‐lipoxygenase activity, respectively. Cyclooxygenase activity was assessed using the fluorometric COX activity assay kit, and Th1/Th2 cytokine measurement was performed using a flow cytometer. The results indicated that the extract and fractions of D. psilurus inhibit NO production and proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Bioguided fractionation led to the identification of psoralen, a furocoumarin, as the main bioactive anti‐inflammatory compound. Psoralen inhibited NO production and 15‐lipoxygenase activity and reduced pro‐inflammatory Th1 cytokines (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2) while increasing the secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐10) in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The encouraging results obtained in this study suggest that psoralen‐based multiple modulation strategies could be a useful approach to address the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase FBXO38 Maintains the Antitumor Function of Natural Killer Cells by Sustaining IL15R Signaling
Authors: Shi Yongjing , Zheng Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Xu Chenqi , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Sun Haoyu , Wang Xianwei
Published: July 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are the main innate antitumor effector cells but their function is often constrained in the tumor microenvironment. It has been reported that the E3 ligase FBXO38 accelerates PD-1 degradation in tumor-infiltrating T cells to unleash their cytotoxic function. In this study, we found that the transcriptional levels of FBXO38 in intratumoral NK cells of patients with cancer and tumor-bearing mice were significantly lower than in peritumoral NK cells. Conditional knockout of FBXO38 in NK cells accelerated tumor growth and increased tumor metastasis. FBXO38 deficiency resulted in impaired proliferation and survival of tumor-infiltrating NK (TINK) cells. Mechanistically, FBXO38 deficiency enhanced TGF-β signaling, including elevating expression of Smad2 and Smad3, which suppressed expression of the transcription factor Eomes and further reduced expression of surface IL15Rβ and IL15Rγc on NK cells. Consequently, FBXO38 deficiency led to TINK cell hyporesponsiveness to IL15. Consistent with these observations, FBXO38 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the proliferation of TINK cells in multiple human tumors. To study the therapeutic potential of FBXO38, mice bearing human tumors were treated with FBXO38 overexpressed human primary NK cells and showed a significant reduction in tumor size and prolonged survival. In conclusion, our results suggest that FBXO38 sustains NK-cell expansion and survival to promote antitumor immunity and have potential therapeutic implications as they suggest FBXO38 could be harnessed to enhance NK cell–based cancer immunotherapy.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes Thromboinflammation and Predicts Fast Progression of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Mueller Karin Anne Lydia , Langnau Carolin , Harm Tobias , Sigle Manuel , Mott Kristina , Droppa Michal , Borst Oliver , Rohlfing Anne-Katrin , Gekeler Sarah , Günter Manina , Goebel Nora , Franke Ulrich F.W. , Radwan Medhat , Schlensak Christian , Janning Henrik , Scheuermann Sophia , Seitz Christian M. , Rath Dominik , Kreisselmeier Klaus-Peter , Castor Tatsiana , Mueller Iris Irmgard , Schulze Harald , Autenrieth Stella E. , Gawaz Meinrad Paul
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Aortic stenosis (AS) is driven by progressive inflammatory and fibrocalcific processes regulated by circulating inflammatory and valve resident endothelial and interstitial cells. The impact of platelets, platelet-derived mediators, and platelet-monocyte interactions on the acceleration of local valvular inflammation and mineralization is presently unknown.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled 475 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic AS undergoing aortic valve replacement. Clinical workup included repetitive echocardiography, analysis of platelets, monocytes, chemokine profiling, aortic valve tissue samples for immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis.

RESULTS:

The patients were classified as fast-progressive AS by the median ∆Vmax of 0.45 m/s per year determined by echocardiography. Immunohistological aortic valve analysis revealed enhanced cellularity in fast-progressive AS (slow- versus fast-progressive AS; median [interquartile range], 247 [142.3–504] versus 717.5 [360.5–1234];
P
<0.001) with less calcification (calcification area, mm
2
: 33.74 [27.82–41.86] versus 20.54 [13.52–33.41];
P
<0.001). MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor)-associated gene expression was significantly enhanced in fast-progressive AS accompanied by significantly elevated MIF plasma levels (mean±SEM; 6877±379.1 versus 9959±749.1;
P
<0.001), increased platelet activation, and decreased intracellular MIF expression indicating enhanced MIF release upon platelet activation (CD62P, %: median [interquartile range], 16.8 [11.58–23.8] versus 20.55 [12.48–32.28],
P
=0.005; MIF, %: 4.85 [1.48–9.75] versus 2.3 [0.78–5.9],
P
<0.001). Regression analysis confirmed that MIF-associated biomarkers are strongly associated with an accelerated course of AS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest a key role for platelet-derived MIF and its interplay with circulating and valve resident monocytes/macrophages in local and systemic thromboinflammation during accelerated AS. MIF-based biomarkers predict an accelerated course of AS and represent a novel pharmacological target to attenuate progression of AS.
Inhibition of Renin Expression Is Regulated by an Epigenetic Switch From an Active to a Poised State
Authors: Smith Jason P. , Paxton Robert , Medrano Silvia , Sheffield Nathan C. , Sequeira-Lopez Maria Luisa S. , Gomez R. Ariel
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Renin-expressing cells are myoendocrine cells crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. Renin is regulated by cAMP, p300 (histone acetyltransferase p300)/CBP (CREB-binding protein), and Brd4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4) proteins and associated pathways. However, the specific regulatory changes that occur following inhibition of these pathways are not clear.

METHODS:

We treated As4.1 cells (tumoral cells derived from mouse juxtaglomerular cells that constitutively express renin) with 3 inhibitors that target different factors required for renin transcription: H-89-dihydrochloride, PKA (protein kinase A) inhibitor; JQ1, Brd4 bromodomain inhibitor; and A-485, p300/CBP inhibitor. We performed assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing, cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for H3K27ac (acetylation of lysine 27 of the histone H3 protein) and p300 binding on biological replicates of treated and control As4.1 cells.

RESULTS:

In response to each inhibitor,
Ren1
expression was significantly reduced and reversible upon washout. Chromatin accessibility at the
Ren1
locus did not markedly change but was globally reduced at distal elements. Inhibition of PKA led to significant reductions in H3K27ac and p300 binding specifically within the
Ren1
super-enhancer region. Further, we identified enriched TF (transcription factor) motifs shared across each inhibitory treatment. Finally, we identified a set of 9 genes with putative roles across each of the 3 renin regulatory pathways and observed that each displayed differentially accessible chromatin, gene expression, H3K27ac, and p300 binding at their respective loci.

CONCLUSIONS:

Inhibition of renin expression in cells that constitutively synthesize and release renin is regulated by an epigenetic switch from an active to poised state associated with decreased cell-cell communication and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This work highlights and helps define the factors necessary for renin cells to alternate between myoendocrine and contractile phenotypes.
Causal and Chronological Relationships Predict Memory Organization for Nonlinear Narratives
Authors: Antony James , Lozano Angelo , Dhoat Pahul , Chen Janice , Bennion Kelly
Published: July 2024

While recounting an experience, one can employ multiple strategies to transition from one part to the next. For instance, if the event was learned out of linear order, one can recall events according to the time they were learned (temporal), similar events (semantic), events occurring nearby in time (chronological), or events produced by the current event (causal). To disentangle the importance of these factors, we had participants watch the nonlinear narrative, Memento, under different task instructions and presentation orders. For each scene of the film, we also separately computed semantic and causal networks. We then contrasted the evidence for temporal, semantic, chronological, or causal strategies during recall. Critically, there was stronger evidence for the causal and chronological strategies than semantic or temporal strategies. Moreover, the causal and chronological strategies outperformed the temporal one even when we asked participants to recall the film in the presented order, underscoring the fundamental nature of causal structure in scaffolding understanding and organizing recall. Nevertheless, time still marginally predicted recall transitions, suggesting it operates as a weak signal in the presence of more salient forms of structure. In addition, semantic and causal network properties predicted scene memorability, including a stronger role for incoming causes to an event than its outgoing effects. In summary, these findings highlight the importance of accounting for complex, causal networks in knowledge building and memory.
Application of Carbon-Based Composites in Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Wen-Yi , Yan Neng , Liang Yu , Xie Bin , Zhang Lin , Li Jing , He Jun-jie
Published: July 2024

Supercapacitors (SCs) are now one of the devices most likely to contribute to major developments in energy storage technology due to their ultra-high power density and rapidly increasing energy density. The electrode material for supercapacitors is usually carbon, due to its advantages
of cheapness, good electrical conductivity, developed pore size, and ease access, especially the use of waste generated in the agricultural production process as raw material to make it renewable characteristics.However, the lower energy density of supercapacitors made of carbon materials
compared to batteries limits the possibility of their wider application. In recent years, it has become an important research direction in the field of supercapacitors to substantially increase the energy density of supercapacitors by compositing carbon-based materials to provide both double
layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance. This paper summarizes the latest key achievements and progress of carbon-based composites for supercapacitors at home and abroad in recent years, including the technical methods and properties of composites of biomass carbon materials with transition
metal oxides, conductive polymers, metal-organic framework compounds, polymetallic oxides, and reduced graphene oxide, etc., reviews the strengths and weaknesses of various types of carbon-based composite electrode materials, and finally the future direction of the development of carbon-based
composite electrode materials is prospected.
Optical and Structure Properties of Small Quantum Dots of 3-MPA Capped Nickel Selenide
Authors: Alhassan Mariah , Al-Hartomy Omar , Wageh S.
Published: July 2024

Small quantum dots of nickel selenide (NiSe) semiconductors were synthesized by colloidal solution precipitation route using 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) as a capping agent at room temperature. The investigation of the structures showed that the prepared crystallites are in the
form of a hexagonal NiSe phase with a spherical morphology. The quantum dots consist of a NiSe core capped with 3-MPA with a high percentage of Nickel relative to selenium ions. The optical properties of the quantum dots displayed that the absorption and emission are highly shifted relative
to the bulk structure. The photoluminescence measurement revealed that the emission originated from shallow and deep traps. Furthermore, the emission measurements proved the presence of a capping molecule on the surface of quantum dots. The obtained properties indicate that the prepared novel
structures will be a promising candidate for various optoelectronic applications.
Impacts of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farms on Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study of Typhoon Hato
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Deng Shaokun , Tuo Peng-Fei , Chen Shengli
Published: July 2024

With the rising global demand for renewable energy sources, a great number of offshore wind farms are being built worldwide, as well as in the northern South China Sea. There is, however, limited research on the impact of offshore wind farms on the atmospheric and marine environment, particularly tropical cyclones, which frequently occur in summertime in the South China Sea. In this paper, we employ the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate the impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms on tropical cyclones, using the case of Typhoon Hato, which caused severe damage in 2017. Model results reveal that maximum wind speeds in coastal areas decrease by 3–5 m s−1 and can reach a maximum of 8 m s−1. Furthermore, the wind farms change low-level moisture convergence, causing a shift in the precipitation center toward the wind farm area and causing a significant overall reduction (up to 16%) in precipitation. Model sensitivity experiments on the area and layout of the wind farm have been carried out. The results show that larger wind farm areas and denser turbine layouts cause a more substantial decrease in the wind speed over the coast and accumulated precipitation reduction, further corroborating our findings.

Significance Statement

This study holds significant implications for developing offshore wind farms in tropical cyclone-prone regions like the South China Sea. By focusing on Typhoon Hato as a case study, the research sheds light on the previously understudied relationship between large-scale offshore wind farms and tropical cyclones. The observed decrease in coastal wind speeds and altered precipitation patterns due to wind farm presence highlights the potential for mitigating cyclone-related risks in these regions. Additionally, the study’s sensitivity experiments underscore the importance of careful planning and design in optimizing wind farm layouts for maximum impact reduction. This research contributes vital insights into sustainable energy infrastructure development while minimizing environmental and meteorological risks in cyclone-prone areas.
Vitamin B12 Status and Supplementation in Plant-Based Diets
Authors: Hannibal Luciana , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Storz Maximilian A. , Huber Roman , Jacobsen Donald W.
Published: July 2024

Plant-based diets are increasingly popular worldwide. A well-planned plant-based diet lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. In contrast, a poorly planned plant-based diet increases the risk of certain micronutrient deficiencies, chiefly, vitamin B12 (B12). Because B12 is not present in plants or in unfortified plant-based foodstuffs, the safest way to prevent its deficiency in plant-based diets is to take an oral B12 supplement. Studies determining the dose and frequency of B12 to be taken by healthy individuals on a plant-based diet to support an adequate B12 status are scarce. Here, we summarize the natural sources, metabolic requirements, biomarker findings with and without supplementation with B12, and current recommendations to help prevent vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy individuals adhering or transitioning to plant-based diets. This review focuses on the prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy individuals adhering to plant-based diets. The information covered in this review does not apply to individuals suffering from autoimmune-based malabsorption of vitamin B12 resulting from pernicious anemia due to atrophic gastritis, other acquired causes of B12 malabsorption or to those with genetic disorders that impair vitamin B12 absorption, transport and utilization.
A range of 30–62% of functioning multiciliated airway cells is sufficient to maintain ciliary airway clearance
Authors: Loges Niki T. , Marthin June Kehlet , Raidt Johanna , Olbrich Heike , Höben Inga M. , Cindric Sandra , Bracht Diana , König Julia , Rieck Cynthia , George Sebastian , Kloth Tim Luis , Wohlgemuth Kai , Pennekamp Petra , Dworniczak Bernd , Holgersen Mathias G. , Römel Jobst , Schmalstieg Christian , Aprea Isabella , Mortensen Jann , Nielsen Kim G. , Omran Heymut
Published: July 2024

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder caused by aberrant motile cilia function that results in defective ciliary airway clearance and subsequently leads to recurrent airway infections and bronchiectasis. We aimed to determine: how many functional multiciliated airway cells are sufficient to maintain ciliary airway clearance?

Methods

To answer this question we exploited the molecular defects of the X-linked recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia variant caused by pathogenic variants inDNAAF6(PIH1D3), characterised by immotile cilia in affected males. We carefully analysed the clinical phenotype and molecular defect (using immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy) and performedin vitrostudies (particle tracking in air–liquid interface cultures) andin vivostudies (radiolabelled tracer studies) to assess ciliary clearance of respiratory cells from female individuals with heterozygous and male individuals with hemizygous pathogenicDNAAF6variants.

Results

Primary ciliary dyskinesia male individuals with hemizygous pathogenicDNAAF6variants displayed exclusively immotile cilia, absence of ciliary clearance and severe primary ciliary dyskinesia symptoms. Owing to random or skewed X-chromosome inactivation in six female carriers with heterozygous pathogenicDNAAF6variants, 54.3±10% (range 38–70%) of multiciliated cells were defective. Nevertheless,in vitroandin vivoassessment of the ciliary airway clearance was normal or slightly abnormal. Consistently, heterozygous female individuals showed no or only mild respiratory symptoms.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that having 30–62% of multiciliated respiratory cells functioning can generate either normal or slightly reduced ciliary clearance. Because heterozygous female carriers displayed either no or subtle respiratory symptoms, complete correction of 30% of cells by precision medicine could improve ciliary airway clearance in individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia, as well as clinical symptoms.
SimSpliceEvol2: alternative splicing-aware simulation of biological sequence evolution and transcript phylogenies
Authors: Ouedraogo Wend Yam D. D. , Ouangraoua Aida
Published: July 2024

Background

SimSpliceEvol is a tool for simulating the evolution of eukaryotic gene sequences that integrates exon-intron structure evolution as well as the evolution of the sets of transcripts produced from genes. It takes a guide gene tree as input and generates a gene sequence with its transcripts for each node of the tree, from the root to the leaves. However, the sets of transcripts simulated at different nodes of the guide gene tree lack evolutionary connections. Consequently, SimSpliceEvol is not suitable for evaluating methods for transcript phylogeny inference or gene phylogeny inference that rely on transcript conservation.

Results

Here, we introduce SimSpliceEvol2, which, compared to the first version, incorporates an explicit model of transcript evolution for simulating alternative transcripts along the branches of a guide gene tree, as well as the transcript phylogenies inferred. We offer a comprehensive software with a graphical user interface and an updated version of the web server, ensuring easy and user-friendly access to the tool.

Conclusion

SimSpliceEvol2 generates synthetic datasets that are useful for evaluating methods and tools for spliced RNA sequence analysis, such as spliced alignment methods, methods for identifying conserved transcripts, and transcript phylogeny reconstruction methods. The web server is accessible at https://simspliceevol.cobius.usherbrooke.ca, where you can also download the standalone software. Comprehensive documentation for the software is available at the same address. For developers interested in the source code, which requires the installation of all prerequisites to run, it is provided at https://github.com/UdeS-CoBIUS/SimSpliceEvol.
Identification and characterization of a new species of Taxus — Taxus qinlingensis by multiple taxonomic methods
Authors: Wu Xingtong , Wang Minqiu , Li Xinyu , Chen Yan , Liao Zhengping , Zhang Donglin , Wen Yafeng , Wang Sen
Published: July 2024

Background

The taxonomy of Taxus Linn. remains controversial due to its continuous phenotypic variation and unstable topology, thus adversely affecting the formulation of scientific conservation strategies for this genus. Recently, a new ecotype, known as Qinling type, is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains and belongs to a monophyletic group. Here, we employed multiple methods including leaf phenotype comparison (leaf shapes and microstructure), DNA barcoding identification (ITS + trnL-trnF + rbcL), and niche analysis to ascertain the taxonomic status of the Qinling type.

Results

Multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in the morphological characters (length, width, and length/width ratio) among the Qinling type and other Taxus species. Leaf anatomical analysis indicated that only the Qinling type and T. cuspidata had no papilla under the midvein or tannins in the epicuticle. Phylogenetic analysis of Taxus indicated that the Qinling type belonged to a monophyletic group. Moreover, the Qinling type had formed a relatively independent niche, it was mainly distributed around the Qinling Mountains, Ta-pa Mountains, and Taihang Mountains, situated at an elevation below 1500 m.

Conclusions

Four characters, namely leaf curvature, margin taper, papillation on midvein, and edges were put forward as primary indexes for distinguishing Taxus species. The ecotype Qingling type represented an independent evolutionary lineage and formed a unique ecological niche. Therefore, we suggested that the Qingling type should be treated as a novel species and named it Taxus qinlingensis Y. F. Wen & X. T. Wu, sp. nov.
Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET gene family in Hemerocallis citrina and functional characterization of HcSWEET4a in response to salt stress
Authors: Cao Lihong , Wang Jinyao , Wang Lixuan , Liu Huili , Wu Wenjing , Hou Feifan , Liu Yuting , Gao Yang , Cheng Xiaojing , Li Sen , Xing Guoming
Published: July 2024

Sugars will be eventually effluxed transporters (SWEETs) have been confirmed to play diverse physiological roles in plant growth, development and stress response. However, the characteristics and functions of the SWEET genes in Hemerocallis citrina remain unclear and poorly elucidated. In this study, the whole genome of Hemerocallis citrina was utilized to conduct bioinformatics analysis and a total of 19 HcSWEET genes were successfully identified. Analysis of the physicochemical properties indicated dominant differences among these HcSWEETs. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that HcSWEET proteins can be divided into 4 clades ranging from Clade I to IV, where proteins within the same clade exhibited shared conserved motifs and gene structures. Five to six exons were contained in the majority of HcSWEET genes, which were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The gene duplication analysis showed the presence of 4 gene pairs. Comparative syntenic maps revealed that the HcSWEET gene family might present more closed homology in monocotyledons than dicotyledons. Cis-acting element analysis of HcSWEET genes indicated key responsiveness to various hormones, light, and stresses. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that most HcSWEET genes had a relatively higher expression in roots, and HcSWEET4a was significantly up-regulated under salt stress. Overexpression further verified the possibility that HcSWEET4a was involved in response to salt stress, which provides novel insights and facilitates in-depth studies of the functional analysis of HcSWEETs in resistance to abiotic stress.
Agile implementation of alcohol screening in primary care
Authors: Summanwar Diana , Ropert Chelan , Barton James , Hiday Rachael , Bishop Dawn , Boustani Malaz , Willis Deanna
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation to screen adults for unhealthy alcohol use, the implementation of alcohol screening in primary care remains suboptimal.

Methods

A pre and post-implementation study design that used Agile implementation process to increase screening for unhealthy alcohol use in adult patients from October 2021 to June 2022 at a large primary care clinic serving minority and underprivileged adults in Indianapolis.

Results

In comparison to a baseline screening rate of 0%, the agile implementation process increased and sustained screening rates above 80% for alcohol use using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption tool (AUDIT-C).

Conclusions

Using the agile implementation process, we were able to successfully implement evidence-based recommendations to screen for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care.
Acceptability and preliminary effects of the volunteer-supported Meaningful Moments program to engage older adults with advanced dementia on a hospital-based specialized dementia care unit: a mixed methods study
Authors: Yous Marie-Lee , Coker Esther , Hunter Paulette V. , Fisher Kathryn A. , Sue Joanna L. , Nicula Maria , Kazmie Nadia , Orsini Theresa , Sussman Tamara , Thompson Genevieve , Kaasalainen Sharon
Published: July 2024

Background

Namaste Care offers practical skills for healthcare providers, volunteers, and families to meaningfully engage individuals with dementia in activities (e.g., music, massage, reminiscing, socialization, aromatherapy, snacks). A hospital-based specialized dementia care unit for patients with mid- to late-stage dementia offered an adapted version of the Namaste Care program, which was called Meaningful Moments. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and preliminary effects of this novel approach using trained volunteers for older adults with mid- to late-stage dementia.

Methods

A mixed methods multiphase design was used. Qualitative description was used to explore acceptability of the Meaningful Moments program delivered over 6 months through focus groups (e.g., charge nurses, therapeutic recreationists, nurses, social workers) and individual interviews with one volunteer and two family members. A prospective pre-post-test study design was used to evaluate the preliminary effects of the program for patients with dementia and family members. Outcomes included quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and pain for patients with dementia and family carer role stress and the quality of visits for families. Data were collected from June 2018 to April 2019. Descriptive analyses of participants’ characteristics were expressed as a mean (standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and count (percent) for categorical variables. Focus group and individual interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used to assess change in the repeated measures outcome data.

Results

A total of 15 patients received the Meaningful Moments interventions. Families, staff, and volunteers perceived that patients experienced benefits from Meaningful Moments. Staff, volunteers, and families felt fulfilled in their role of engaging patients in the Meaningful Moments program. Individualized activities provided by volunteers were perceived as necessary for the patient population. There were no statistically significant improvements in patient outcomes. There was a statistically significant decline in family carer role stress.

Conclusions

Using a one-on-one approach by volunteers, patients experienced perceived benefits such as improved mood and opportunities for social interactions. There is a need for tailored activities for older adults with advanced dementia through practical strategies that can offer benefit to patients.
Controversy between biopsy and risk in children with proteinuria: is there a paradigm war?
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Liu Xiaorong
Published: July 2024

Background

Proteinuria is a prevalent symptom of pediatric nephrology, while kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for kidney tissue analysis, and it is currently controversial. We report the rare case that the mutation in the AMN gene was considered to cause chronically isolated proteinuria and also suggest that renal biopsy should be chosen with caution in children with chronic isolated non-nephrotic levels of proteinuria and that genetic testing may be feasible for the early precise diagnosis.

Case presentation

A 35-month-old boy presented with excessive urine foaming for more than half a month; his proteinuria was considered non-nephrotic range and urine protein electrophoresis was suggestive of mixed proteinuria; other than that, the investigations are non-specific. Given the child’s chronic isolated proteinuria and good renal function, we chose to refine the genetic test rather than a renal biopsy; a compound heterozygous variant was found in the AMN gene of this child which was caused by a point mutation in the father, and a partial chromosomal deletion in the mother.

Conclusions

Cubilin(encoded by CUBN), amnionless(encoded by AMN), and megalin form a multiligand receptor complex; CUBN or AMN gene variants have been implicated as a hereditary cause of megaloblastic anemia, proteinuria, and neurological impairment. In the past few decades, chronic isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN gene variants is benign, non-progressive, and has normal renal function. However, the child is the first reported case of isolated proteinuria of AMN gene mutation, indicating that the earlier diagnostic genetic sequencing in an otherwise well, not nephrotic proteinuria child may be a convenient, cost-effective, and harmless option, challenging the traditional paradigm.
Tear film assessment before and after phacoemulsification in patients with age-related cataracts
Authors: Shaaban Yasmine Maher , Aziz Bassem Fayez
Published: July 2024

Background

The study aims to assess the tear film before and after phacoemulsification in patients with age-related cataracts.

Methods

A prospective observational study of 41 age-related cataract patients undergoing phacoemulsification procedure. Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT), Tear Film Meniscus Height (TMH), Meibomian glands (MG), and Lipid Layer Thickness (LLT) were assessed by a non-invasive Dry Eye Diagnostic System. All measurements were taken preoperatively, one week, one month, and three months postoperatively. The Marginal homogeneity and The Cochran Q tests were used in the statistical analysis.

Results

The value of Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (NITBUT) was statistically significantly lower at one week (7.15 ± 3.31), one month (7.61 ± 3.41), and three months (7.66 ± 3.36) postoperatively than preoperatively (10.71 ± 2.71), p < 0.001. The Non- Invasive Tear Meniscus Height (NITMH) was significantly lower at one week (0.18 ± 0.0), one month (0.20 ± 0.09), and three months (0.20 ± 0.09) postoperatively than preoperatively (0.30 ± 0.113) p < 0.001. By the first month, both (NITBUT) and (NITMH) improved significantly compared to the first post-operative week. There was no statistically significant difference between one month and three months. The (NITMH) improved to a healthy level of ≥ 0.2 mm by the first month through the third month. Both (NITBUT) and (NITMH) did not reach the baseline by the third month. The meibomian glands and the lipid layer thickness had the same preoperative grade distribution without changes.

Conclusion

Phacoemulsification surgery can cause post-operative deterioration in the tear film, which starts within a week of the procedure, followed by gradual recovery over the next weeks and months. The phacoemulsification procedure mainly affects the tear break-up time and tear meniscus height. Both the lipid layer and meibomian glands are not affected.
Health-illness transition processes in children with complex chronic conditions and their parents: a scoping review
Authors: Loura David , Ferreira Ana Margarida , Romeiro Joana , Charepe Zaida
Published: July 2024

Background

The prevalence of complex chronic conditions (CCC), which cause serious limitations and require specialized care, is increasing. The diagnosis of a CCC is a health-illness transition for children and their parents, representing a long-term change leading to greater vulnerability. Knowing the characteristics of these transitional processes is important for promoting safe transitions in this population. This scoping review aimed to map the available evidence on health-illness transition processes in children with complex chronic conditions and their parents in the context of healthcare.

Methods

Six databases were searched for studies focusing on children aged 0–21 years with CCC and their parents experiencing health-illness transition processes, particularly concerning adaptation to illness and continuity of care, in the context of healthcare. Studies within this scope carried out between 2013 and 2023 and written in Portuguese or English were identified. The articles were selected using the PRISMA methodology. The data were extracted to an instrument and then presented with a synthesizing approach supporting the interpretation of the results.

Results

Ninety-eight methodologically broad but predominantly qualitative articles were included in this review. Children with CCC have specific needs associated with complex and dynamic health-illness transitions with a multiple influence in their daily lives. Several facilitating factors (p.e. positive communication and a supportive therapeutic relationship with parents and professionals, as well as involvement in a collaborative approach to care), inhibiting factors (p.e. the complexity of the disease and therapeutic regime, as well as the inefficient organization and coordination of teams) and both positive (p.e. well-being and better quality of life) and negative response patterns (p.e. negative feelings about the chronic illness) were identified. Some interventions to support the transitional process also emerged from the literature. Pediatric palliative care is seen as a good practice and an integrative approach for these children and families.

Conclusion

Health professionals play a fundamental role in supporting the transitional process and promoting positive response patterns. More significant investment is needed at the clinical and academic levels regarding production and dissemination of knowledge in this area to ensure the awareness of children with CCC and that their needs are fully enhanced.

Review registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QRZC8.
Impact of the ActTeens Program on physical activity and fitness in adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Castilho dos Santos Géssika , de Souza Silva Thais Maria , da Silva Jadson Marcio , de Oliveira Barbosa Rodrigo , Kennedy Sarah G. , Lubans David R. , Stabelini Neto Antonio
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the ActTeens Program on physical activity and health-related physical fitness among adolescents in Brazil.

Methods

The “ActTeens Program” was conducted using a cluster-randomized controlled trial during 24-week school term. The sample consisted of 317 adolescents (52.7% girls; 13.61 ± 0.70 years) from four secondary schools that were randomly assigned to intervention group (N = 169) or control group (N = 148). This school-based physical activity (PA) intervention involved two components: (i) structured physical activity sessions delivered within physical education (PE) and (ii) healthy lifestyle guidance (mHealth). The primary outcome was PA assessed using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A); secondary outcomes included muscular (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed using 90-push-up, handgrip dynamometer, standing long jump, and 20 m PACER shuttle run test. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12- and 24-week. Intervention effects were assessed using linear mixed models (LMM).

Results

For the primary outcome (PA), no significant group-by-time effects were observed for physical education based-PA (0.3 score; 95%CI: -0.1; 0.6; and − 0.01 score; 95%CI: -0.03; 0.03, at 12-wk and 24-wk respectively) and total PA (-0.02 score; 95%CI: -0.2; 0.2; and − 0.01score; 95%CI: -0.2; 0.2, at 12 and 24 weeks respectively). After 24 weeks, we observed a significant group by time effects for lower body muscular fitness (12.9 cm; 95%CI, 3.2 to 22.2).

Conclusion

The implementation of aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercises used in the ActTeens intervention did not lead to improvements in physical activity. The intervention resulted in improved lower body muscular fitness, however, we found no significant differences for upper body muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Spatial and trend analysis of gestational syphilis cases in Brazil from 2011 to 2020: an ecological study
Authors: da Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues , Schreck Rafaela Siqueira Costa , de Oliveira Débora Caixeta Bernardes , Mascarenhas Letícia Vieira , Luvisaro Bianca Maria Oliveira , Camargo Bárbara Tideman Sartório , Martins Eunice Francisca , de Freitas Giselle Lima , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To analyze the rate of gestational syphilis (GS) based on temporal trends over 11 years, as well as the spatial distribution of GS in Brazil, based on the identification of spatial clusters.

Methodology

An ecological, using Brazil and its regions as an analysis unit, based on gestational syphilis data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2011 to 2020. Thematic maps were built for spatial data analysis, and the Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to verify the trend. Spatial analysis identified the distribution of clusters (high-high; low-low; high-low and low-high) of distribution of GS across Brazilian municipalities, using a 5% significance level.

Results

Gestational syphilis experienced a considerable increase in cases during the studied period, with a peak of 37,436 cases in 2018. The spatial distribution of the disease is heterogeneous in the country. A growing trend was observed in all states of Brazil, except for Espírito Santo, where it remained stationary, with a monthly variation of 10.32%.

Conclusion

The spatial and temporal trend analysis point to syphilis as an important public health problem. The numbers are alarming and show the urgent need for measures to prevent and control syphilis during pregnancy.
A Persian validation of the burnout assessment tool
Authors: Kalani Simindokht , Esfahani Mahla Dashti , Khanlari Payam
Published: July 2024

Background

Burnout is an increasing public health concern. Its prevalence has extended across diverse professions globally, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and society. This phenomenon has undermined employee well-being, productivity, and organizational effectiveness, making it a critical concern in contemporary work environments. The present study aimed to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Persian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT).

Methods

The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected on a sample of 580 teachers using the convenience sampling. The BAT-Persian and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were administered to collect the data. The reliability, factorial structure of the BAT-C and BAT-S, and the convergent and discriminant validity of BAT-C and work engagement were explored.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure for the core dimensions (BAT-C; exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment), and a two-factor structure for the secondary dimensions (BAT-S; psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints). In the second-order model, the item loadings on the four factors of BAT-C ranged from 0.35 to 0.85, and on two factors of BAT-S ranged from 0.63 to 0.89. The Persian versions of the BAT-C and BAT-S showed good internal consistency (respectively, α = 0.95 and 0.90). Additional evidence supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the BAT-GR. the BAT‐C and its scales were negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption). Moreover, the BAT‐S and its scales negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence that the Iranian version of BAT represents a reliable and valid tool for measuring burnout in the work context. A reliable and valid tool for assessing burnout in the Iranian workplace enables early detection of employee distress, allowing for timely intervention and support. This means that identifying the signs and symptoms of burnout in the early stages can prevent more severe consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, or turnover.
A two-pronged approach to understanding reciprocity and mental health relationship in developing countries: evidence from young informal construction workers in Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu Ayomide Oluwaseyi , Chanimbe Timothy
Published: July 2024

Background

Mental health problems disproportionately affect young people in developing countries. However, there is limited research on help-seeking behaviours and the social support systems that improve mental wellbeing among vulnerable youth populations.

Objective

This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the relationship between social support reciprocity and mental health among young informal construction workers in Nigeria, a population at high-risk for occupational and socioeconomic stressors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was administered to 686 informal workers to measure reciprocity, mental health-related quality of life, and covariates. In-depth interviews with 32 participants provided qualitative context.

Results

Quantitative analyses showed 25% of participants reported poor mental health. Reciprocity positively predicted mental health after controlling for covariates. Qualitative findings revealed reciprocity occurs directly between individuals as well as indirectly through trade unions and religious groups. Indirect exchanges through groups helped address limitations of direct support due to limited resources.

Conclusions

This study fills important gaps in understanding how social relationships impact mental health in developing country contexts. Findings emphasize the role of collective action and community-based support systems in promoting mental wellbeing among vulnerable populations. Insights can inform culturally relevant, systems-level mental health interventions.
Athletes’ medical preventive behaviors: the case of oral health and ultraendurance trail runners
Authors: Doré Amélie , Jacq Romain , Bas Anne-Charlotte
Published: July 2024

Ultra-endurance runners are particularly exposed to caries risk factors due to the continuous intake of sugars in liquid or sticky forms during long-distance exercise. The risk of caries increases due to a failure to perform oral hygiene during races. Ultra-endurance runners had good oral health status despite these particularities. Our hypothesis is that high compliance with preventive oral health recommendations (toothbrushing and preventive or regular dental visits) counterbalance the risks associated with their exposure to caries. We aimed to gain a better understanding of preventive dental behaviors in ultra-endurance runners. We then studied the determinants of two major recommendations: (1) visiting a dentist for preventive check-ups and (2) visiting a dentist during the year. 37% of the total sample reported patterns of both preventive dental visits and recent visits. Early visits (ORa = 4.8***), good oral health (ORa = 8.8**) and tooth brushing (ORa = 2.2**) were associated with preventive dental visits, but there was no significant influence of snacking or weekly work hours. The ultra-endurance race frequency was associated with early dental visits despite equal needs. Most risk-control behaviors were associated with each other, indicating that they are all-or-nothing behaviors. Individual prevention strategies implemented at the dental office may not be as effective as they predominantly target individuals who are already aware of and interested in preventive care. Instead, developing targeted primary prevention strategies that are accessible at race venues, such as stands, villages, or food supply points, could be more effective.