bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of inflight transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and SARS-CoV-1
Authors: Luo Yingjie , Li Yuguo , Xiao Shenglan , Lei Hao
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the infection risk of aircraft passengers seated within and beyond two rows of the index case(s) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and SARS-CoV-1. PubMed databases were searched for articles containing information on air travel–related transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and SARS-CoV-1 infections. We performed a meta-analysis of inflight infection data. In the eight flights where the attack rate could be calculated, the inflight SARS-CoV-2 attack rates ranged from 2.6% to 16.1%. The risk ratios of infection for passengers seated within and outside the two rows of the index cases were 5.64 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.94–16.40) in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, 4.26 (95% CI:1.08–16.81) in the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus outbreaks, and 1.91 (95% CI:0.80–4.55) in SARS-CoV-1 outbreaks. Furthermore, we found no significant difference between the attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 in flights where the passengers were wearing masks and those where they were not (p = 0.22). The spatial distribution of inflight SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks was more similar to that of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus outbreaks than to that of SARS-CoV-1. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we hypothesised that the proximity transmission, especially short-range airborne route, might play an important role in the inflight SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
On the Periphery of the Inka Empire: Spatial Arrangement at the Pre-Hispanic Rock-art Site of Villavil 2 (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Parcero-Oubiña César , Fábrega-Álvarez Pastor , Lynch Julieta
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the analysis of the Late Prehispanic rock-art site of Villavil 2 (Catamarca, Argentina). Despite its modest and inconspicuous nature, this is one of the few examples of rock-art sites known in the area to date. The relationship of the site with the surrounding landscape and the distribution of rock art throughout the site are analysed using a combination of GIS and 3D modelling. This analysis makes it possible to gain an understanding of the factors behind the location and distribution of rock art on different spatial scales. The interpretation presented here suggests that this rock art reproduces, on a modest local scale, patterns of production of Inka landscapes of control and dominion that have been recognized elsewhere, in sites with a much more obvious monumental scale. The internal organization of the site mimics, on a small scale, forms of interaction with the wider landscape that have been regionally observed, usually focusing on more conspicuous elements such as architecture.
The Mysterious Case of Ireland’s Missing Earthquakes
Authors: Cutts Elise
Published: June 2023

The Emerald Isle has far fewer earthquakes than neighboring Britain. Now scientists think they know why.
Endogenous estrogen receptor modulating oxysterols and breast cancer prognosis: Results from the MARIE patient cohort
Authors: Decker Nina Sophia , Johnson Theron , Behrens Sabine , Obi Nadia , Kaaks Rudolf , Chang-Claude Jenny , Fortner Renée Turzanski
Published: June 2023

Background

27-hydroxycholesterol (HC) and 25-HC were identified as endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and estrogen receptor (ER) modulators, respectively. They are hypothesized to play a role in multiple physiologic processes and pathologies, including breast cancer development and progression.

Methods

We evaluated circulating 27-HC and 25-HC, and outcomes following a breast cancer diagnosis in 2282 women from the MARIE study over median follow-up of 11.6 years. 27-HC and 25-HC were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] using multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression.

Results

We observed no associations between 27-HC and breast cancer prognosis overall. Associations between 27-HC and survival differed by circulating estradiol concentrations and endocrine therapy, but not by hormone receptor status. Among women with estradiol levels below the median (0.08 nM), 27-HC was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HRlog2 = 1.80 [1.20–2.71]) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HRlog2 = 1.95 [1.14-3.31]). No associations were observed in women with estradiol levels above the median. Higher 25-HC levels were associated with lower risk of recurrence (HRlog2 = 0.87 [0.77-0.98]).

Conclusion

Associations between 27-HC and breast cancer prognosis varied by circulating estradiol levels and endocrine therapy. Less consistent results were observed for 25-HC.
Ab initio calculations on structure and stability of BN/CC isosterism in azulene
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. , Soliman Kamal A. , Abdel-Azeim Safwat , El-Nahas Ahmed M. , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Nakajima Takahito , El-Meligy Asmaa B.
Published: June 2023

Herein, we investigated the thermodynamic stability and opto-electronic properties of a newly BN-doped azulene. The gas-phase formation enthalpies of 11 BN-doped azulene were calculated by the atomization energy method using three computational models (CBS-APNO, CBS-QB3, and G3MP2). The results suggest that AZ-1N9B exhibits the highest stability among the studied isomers. On the other hand, AZ-1B9N and AZ-9B10N display nearly equal stability with relative energies of 19.36 and 19.82 kcal/mol at CBS-QB3, respectively. These two isomers are considered the least stable among the investigated compounds. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), ionization energies (IE), and electron affinities (EA) of these isomers were discussed. Additionally, the electronic absorption spectra of the BN-doped azulenes were computed using the TD-B3LYP/6–31 + G(d,p) and TD-CAM-B3LYP level of theories, which using a long-range corrected hybrid functional in acetone. The computational results obtained in this research are align closely with the existing literature, thereby reinforcing the credibility and reliability of our findings.
Predicting in-hospital mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using administrative data and machine learning
Authors: Alhwiti Theyab , Aldrugh Summer , Megahed Fadel M.
Published: June 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the gold standard treatment for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. The utility of existing risk prediction tools for in-hospital mortality post-TAVR is limited due to two major factors: (a) the predictive accuracy of these tools is insufficient when only preoperative variables are incorporated, and (b) their efficacy is also compromised when solely postoperative variables are employed, subsequently constraining their application in preoperative decision support. This study examined whether statistical/machine learning models trained with solely preoperative information encoded in the administrative National Inpatient Sample database could accurately predict in-hospital outcomes (death/survival) post-TAVR. Fifteen popular binary classification methods were used to model in-hospital survival/death. These methods were evaluated using multiple classification metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). By analyzing 54,739 TAVRs, the top five classification models had an AUC ≥ 0.80 for two sampling scenarios: random, consistent with previous studies, and time-based, which assessed whether the models could be deployed without frequent retraining. Given the minimal practical differences in the predictive accuracies of the top five models, the L2 regularized logistic regression model is recommended as the best overall model since it is computationally efficient and easy to interpret.
Effects of olanzapine and lithium carbonate antipsychotic agents on dopamine oxidation
Authors: Han Kaikai , Cui Jingjie , Chen Shaowei , Yu Tao
Published: June 2023

Effects of olanzapine and lithium carbonate on dopamine oxidation.
Co3O4nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon nanofibers enable efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Zhong Li , Chen Qiru , Yin Haitao , Chen Jun Song , Dong Kai , Sun Shengjun , Liu Jun , Xian Haohong , Li Tingshuai
Published: June 2023

Co3O4nanoparticle-decorated porous carbon nanofibers show a large NH3yield up to 23.4 mg h−1mg−1catand a high FE of 92.7% at −0.7 Vvs.reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M NaOH with 0.1 M NO3−.
Semisynthetic maturation of [FeFe]-hydrogenase using [Fe2(μ-SH)2(CN)2(CO)4]2−: key roles for HydF and GTP
Authors: Balci Batuhan , O’Neill Roark D. , Shepard Eric M. , Pagnier Adrien , Marlott Alexander , Mock Michael T. , Broderick William E. , Broderick Joan B.
Published: June 2023

The [FeFe]-hydrogenase can be matured using a defined semisynthetic approach in which the synthetic complex [2Fe]Ebypasses the need for HydE and HydG, and glycine cleavage system components synthesize DTMA on [2Fe]Ewhile it is bound to HydF.
Optically-pure triptycene-based metallomacrocycles and homochiral self-sorting assisted by ladder formation
Authors: Oki Kosuke , Zheng Wei , Yashima Eiji , Ikai Tomoyuki
Published: June 2023

Optically-pure and racemic triptycene-derived ladder-type ligands self-assemble with a cis-platinum(ii) complex to form enantiopure and racemic homochiral Pt2L2-type metallomacrocycles, respectively.
A sensitive and noninvasive cyclic peptide-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing method for the determination of sweat glucose
Authors: Huang Hong , Qian Manping , Gao Qiang , Zhang Chengxiao , Qi Honglan
Published: June 2023

A sensitive and noninvasive cyclic peptide-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensing method for the determination of sweat glucose was developed.
Ratiometric photoacoustic imaging of endogenous HNOin vivofor assessing prodrug release and liver injury
Authors: Fan Xiaopeng , Wang Hongzhen , Yang Wen , Ren Tianbing , Yuan Lin
Published: June 2023

The effective imaging of endogenous HNO is crucial for pathology research in biological systems. Here, a novel ratiometric photoacoustic probe in response to HNO was rationally developed to effectively assess HNO prodrug release and liver injury.
From zero-dimensional metallomacrocycle to three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks mediated by solvent polarity: near-white light emissions and gas adsorption properties
Authors: Yin Jia-Ling , Yan Qing-Qing , Liu Yu-Xin , Yong Guo-Ping
Published: June 2023

The changes from 0D metallomacrocycle to 3D frameworks are mediated by solvent polarity: single-component near-white light emissions.
Rate constant and branching ratio of the reaction of ethyl peroxy radicals with methyl peroxy radicals
Authors: Zhang Cuihong , Li Chuanliang , Zhang Weijun , Tang Xiaofeng , Pillier Laure , Schoemaecker Coralie , Fittschen Christa
Published: June 2023

Selective detection of peroxy radicals in the near-IR region allowed studying the cross reaction between CH3O2 and C2H5O2 radicals.
Implementation of Hebb's rules in a network of excitable chemical cells coupled by pulses
Authors: Vanag Vladimir K. , Proskurkin Ivan S.
Published: June 2023

A network of four excitable cells with the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction that performs Hebbian regulation of the coupling strength.
Crystal-liquid duality enhanced dynamical stability of hybrid perovskites
Authors: Chen Xuan-Yan , Zhao Bai-Qing , Liu Zheng , Wei Su-Huai , Zhang Xie
Published: June 2023

We have unveiled the microscopic mechanism of how the crystal-liquid duality enabled by dynamically rotating organic molecules helps to stabilize hybrid perovskites.
Strain-induced giant enhancement of anisotropic dielectric constant in layered nitrides SrHfN2 and SrZrN2
Authors: Yao Min , Zhang Yuanyun , Ban Jianmin , Hou Junjie , Zhang Bowen , Liu Junwei , Ming Xing , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

The dielectric constants of layered nitrides SrHfN2 and SrZrN2 are dramatically enhanced to maximum values of ∼2600 and 2700 under isotropic tensile strain, which provides an effective route to regulate the anisotropic dielectric constants.
Tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) gels with highly concentrated sulfolane-based electrolytes exhibiting high Li-ion transference numbers
Authors: Tasaki Natsumi , Ugata Yosuke , Hashimoto Kei , Kokubo Hisashi , Ueno Kazuhide , Watanabe Masayoshi , Dokko Kaoru
Published: June 2023

The combination of a homogeneous network of tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) and highly concentrated sulfolane-based electrolyte yields a gel electrolyte with high Li-ion transport ability.
Simulating the HeI photoelectron spectrum of Cl2O with new full-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces of Cl2O(X̃1A1), Cl2O+(X̃2B1), and Cl2O+(C̃2A2) and a three-state diabatic potential energy matrix of Cl2O+(Ã2B2, B̃2A1, and 22A1): a quantum mechanical study
Authors: Hou Zhe , Hou Siting , Xie Changjian , Han Huixian
Published: June 2023

The photoelectron spectrum of Cl2O is computed quantum mechanically based on new potential energy surfaces and a diabatic potential energy matrix for the first time.
Enhancing the photoelectrochemical activity of monoclinic BiVO4by discretizing oxygen vacancies: insights from DFT calculations
Authors: Li Shuyi , Yan Xiaodan , He Jinlu
Published: June 2023

Distribution of oxygen vacancies has a strong impact on the physical properties of photoanodes. Compared to localized oxygen vacancies, discrete oxygen vacancies can improve the PEC performance of the BiVO4photoanode.
Molecular substrates for the construction of afterglow imaging probes in disease diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Wang Xinzhu , Pu Kanyi
Published: June 2023

This tutorial review introduces recent advances in molecular afterglow imaging using organic materials with a focus on afterglow substrates, afterglow mechanisms, design principles of afterglow imaging probes, and their biomedical applications.
Correction: From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions
Authors: Boeije Yorrick , Olivucci Massimo
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions’ by Yorrick Boeije et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 2643–2687, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CS00719C.
Cumulative complexity meta-metrics as an efficiency measure and predictor of process mass intensity (PMI) during synthetic route design
Authors: Angelini Lucrezia , Coomber Charlotte E. , Howell Gareth P. , Karageorgis George , Taylor Brian A.
Published: June 2023

Functioning as a surrogate for step count, a cumulative complexity meta-metric (∑CM*), calculated along the longest linear sequence of a synthetic route, is demonstrated to be a useful predictor of process mass intensity (PMI).
Sequential extraction of hemicelluloses by subcritical water improves saccharification of hybrid aspen wood grown in greenhouse and field conditions
Authors: Sivan Pramod , Heinonen Emilia , Latha Gandla Madhavi , Jiménez-Quero Amparo , Özeren Hüsamettin Deniz , Jönsson Leif J. , Mellerowicz Ewa J. , Vilaplana Francisco
Published: June 2023

Subcritical water enables extraction of polymeric hemicelluloses from aspen wood grown under field and greenhouse conditions and improves subsequent saccharification yields.
The deformation of cancer cells through narrow micropores holds the potential to regulate genes that impact cancer malignancy
Authors: Choi Jong Seob , Lee Su Han , Park Hye Bin , Chun Changho , Kim Yeseul , Kim Kyung Hoon , Weon Byung Mook , Kim Deok-Ho , Kim Hyung Jin , Lee Jung Hyun
Published: June 2023

Proposal for an in vitro research method to understand the establishment of a defense system that enables cancer cells to efficiently attack due to cancer deformation.
In situ structural analysis with a SAXS laboratory beamline on a microfluidic chip
Authors: Radajewski Dimitri , Roblin Pierre , Bacchin Patrice , Meireles Martine , Hallez Yannick
Published: June 2023

Coupling of a microfluidic chip and laboratory X-ray beamline to investigate colloidal systems.
Keggin type heteropolyacid-mediated novel green protocol for the synthesis of porphyrins
Authors: Jagannivasan Gopika , R. Arun , Kumar Mohit , Subrahmanyam Challapalli , Remello Sebastian Nybin , Haridas Suja
Published: June 2023

Phosphovanadotungstic acid mediated novel strategy employs mild reaction conditions without use of halogenated solvents/oxidising agents and affords a commendable spectroscopic yield of 12–39%.
Thermally expanded graphite: a promising anode electrode in the current and next-generation LIBs
Authors: Hamidi Sarmin , Askari Kasra , Salimi Pejman
Published: June 2023

The interesting properties of thermally expanded graphite make it an ideal candidate for application as the anode electrode in conventional and next generation lithium-ion batteries.
Enhanced proton conductivity in a Cu-BTC thin-film membrane through lysine incorporation and a mixed matrix membrane
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Bo , Xu Hanlu , Shi Caixia , Yan Ning , Wang Shaorong , Jiang Rongli
Published: June 2023

Preparation of a proton-conductive membrane with abundant proton hopping pathways.
Correction: Designed incorporation of semi-crystalline domains into structured latex particles via solvent-aided emulsion polymerization
Authors: Perez Adrián , Kynaston Emily , Lindsay Christopher , Ballard Nicholas
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Designed incorporation of semi-crystalline domains into structured latex particles via solvent-aided emulsion polymerization’ by Adrián Perez et al., Polym. Chem., 2022, 13, 5636–5646, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2PY00926A.
Semantic Aspects of Verb Production in Various Discourse Tasks in People With Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Park Hyejin , Obermeyer Jessica , Kornisch Myriam , Hall Jessica , Ontario Chase
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate how people with nonfluent aphasia produce semantically weighted verbs compared to people without aphasia, as well as how a discourse elicitation task affects verb production in people with nonfluent aphasia and people without aphasia.

Method:

This study included 30 people with nonfluent aphasia and 32 age-matched people without aphasia from AphasiaBank. Language samples of five different discourse tasks were obtained and coded for heavy, light, and
be
-copular verbs. The number of verbs per utterance and the proportion of heavy, light, and
be
-copular verbs were compared between groups and between tasks.

Results:

People with nonfluent aphasia showed a similar proportion of heavy verbs but reduced verbs per utterance and proportion of light verbs compared to people without aphasia. With regard to discourse task effects, we found a trend for a higher proportion of heavy verbs in sequential picture descriptions, and a higher proportion of
be
-copular verbs and lower proportion of heavy verbs for a recount compared to other tasks in people without aphasia. The discourse task effects were minimally found in people with nonfluent aphasia.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that people with nonfluent aphasia present with relatively preserved heavy verb production but with impaired production of light verbs in discourse. In addition, it appears that discourse tasks do not significantly influence the type of verbs produced by people with nonfluent aphasia possibly due to the floor effects and wide range of individual variability. This study is a preliminary effort to evaluate methodological factors that impact verb production; future studies are needed to develop a framework for clinical decision making when selecting a discourse elicitation task for people with aphasia.
Investigation of the effect of viscosity and fluid flow on buckling behaviour of non‐local nanoplate with surface energy
Authors: Arpanahi Reza Ahmadi , Abdehvand Ashkan Zaheri , Sheykhi Meysam , Eskandari Ali , Mohammadi Bijan , Hashemi Shahrokh Hoseini
Published: June 2023

The buckling of a nanoplate at the bottom of a channel over which the fluid passes with a one‐dimensional flow is investigated in this article. Navier–Stokes equations were used to obtain the applied force from the fluid to the nanoplate. Non‐local elasticity theories and surface effects were used to consider nanoscale effects. By solving this problem using Galerkin's weighted residual method, interesting results were obtained. Applying non‐locality increases the fluid's impact on the buckling of a nanoplate. The lower modes are more noticeably affected by being placed in a fluid environment. Also, the presence of fluid and surface effects both increase the buckling capacity of the system. The obtained results are very helpful for developing and improving the performance of fluid‐coupled nanostructures that have buckling potential.
Werden Netzhautablösungen häufiger? Daten von 2 Universitätsaugenkliniken und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Radeck Viola Maria Margarete , Helbig Horst , Barth Teresa , Gamulescu Andreea , Maerker David , Wolf Armin
Published: June 2023

Ausgehend vom subjektiven Eindruck vieler vitreoretinaler Chirurgen und der Beobachtung stark steigender Zahlen von Patienten mit Netzhautablösungen an einzelnen Zentren in den letzten
Jahren, wurde die jüngere Literatur zu Veränderungen der Inzidenz der Netzhautablösungen weltweit gesichtet. Dabei zeigten sich ganz erhebliche methodische Unterschiede der Studien, die
einen Vergleich und klare Schlussfolgerungen zur Entwicklung der Häufigkeit von Netzhautablösungen erschweren. Trotz dieser Einschränkungen sprechen alle Daten aus aktuellen Untersuchungen
für eine Zunahme der Zahl der Netzhautablösungen. Die Ablatio-Inzidenz in der westlichen Welt scheint derzeit bei über 20 Fällen pro 100 000 Personenjahren zu liegen, somit deutlich höher
als in früheren Jahrzehnten beschrieben. Ursächlich kann vermutet werden, dass ein Anstieg der Prävalenz der Myopie, eine demografische Zunahme der Patienten im typischen Ablatio-Alter und
eine steigende Zahl an Kataraktoperationen, insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten, für die steigende Inzidenz der Ablatio verantwortlich sind.
Spectrum, Clinicopathologic Profile, and p16 Expression Pattern of Nonmalignant Cervical Tissues in Enugu, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Eni Anthony Onyeka , Ndukwe Chinedu O. , Olusina Daniel Bankole , Nnakenyi Nnaemeka Francis , Nzegwu Martin Arinze , Eluke Chidubem Chidiebere , Ukekwe Francis Ikechukwu , Chiemeka Michael Emeka , Aniume Itohan Onyekachi , Nwokoro Onyekachi Chikezie
Published: June 2023

Background p16 is a marker for p16-induced transformation of high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV)-infected cervical epithelium. HPV is a known etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Persistent hrHPV infection of cervical epithelium causes transformation of the infected epithelial cells resulting in increased proliferative potential of the cells and subsequent progression to frank malignancy. Early detection of transformation in cervical cells is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer.

Materials and Methods We aimed to study the clinicopathologic profile of nonmalignant cervical lesions and their p16 staining pattern. Histopathology requisition forms, blocks, and slides of cases containing cervical tissue with nonmalignant diagnosis received into the morbid anatomy department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from 2009 to 2018 were studied. Fresh sections from the blocks were immunohistochemically stained with p16 and examined.

Results One-hundred and ninety-one cases were studied. Majority of the cases are normal cervical epithelium. Chronic nonspecific cervicitis was the major non-neoplastic lesion present and accounted for 33.3% of the biopsy and the mean age was 50.5 years. Other lesions were nabothian cyst (8.4%), cervical polyp (10.5%), low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL; 6.3 and 2.6%, respectively). The mean age for LSIL was 40.3 years, while that of HSIL was 45.2years. Four LSIL, two HSIL, one polyp, one chronic nonspecific cervicitis, and one lobular endocervical hyperplasia stained positively with p16.

Conclusion The most common benign lesion of the cervix is cervicitis. Chronic cervicitis is negative to p16 immunoreactivity. There are more low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) than high-grade CIN. The low-grade CIN overexpress p16 in one-third of cases. There are more cases of p16-negative high-grade CIN in this study.
Generalized Game of Life uses qubits to boost species survival models
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2023

Incorporating resilience and tendency to form herds into Conway’s classic automaton game allows researchers to simulate the decline of extinct species and predator-prey relationships.
Resilience basins of complex systems: An application to prosumer impacts on power grids
Authors: Bien Samuel , Schultz Paul , Heitzig Jobst , Donges Jonathan F.
Published: June 2023

Comparable to the traditional notion of stability in system dynamics, resilience is typically measured in a way that assesses the quality of a system’s response, for example, the speed of its recovery. We present a broadly applicable complementary measurement framework that quantifies resilience similarly to basin stability by estimating a resilience basin, which reflects the extent of adverse influences that the system can recover from in a sufficient manner. In contrast to basin stability, the adverse influences considered here are not necessarily displacements in state space, but arbitrarily complex impacts to the system, quantified by adequate parameters. As a proof of concept, we present two applications: (i) the well-studied single-node power system as an easy-to-follow example and (ii) a stochastic model of a low-voltage DC power grid undergoing an unregulated energy transition consisting in the random appearance of prosumers. These act as decentral suppliers of photovoltaic power and alter the flow patterns while the grid topology remains unchanged. The resilience measurement framework is applied to evaluate the effect and efficiency of two response options: (i) upgrading the capacity of existing power lines and (ii) installing batteries in the prosumer households. The framework demonstrates that line upgrades can provide potentially unlimited resilience against energy decentralization, while household batteries are inherently limited (achieving ≤70% of the resilience of line upgrades). Further, the framework aids in optimizing budget efficiency by pointing toward threshold budget values as well as budget-dependent ideal strategies for the allocation of line upgrades and for the battery charging algorithm.
The role of density in the energy conservation for the isentropic compressible Euler equations
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Ye Yulin , Yu Huan
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study Onsager’s conjecture on the energy conservation for the isentropic compressible Euler equations via establishing the energy conservation criterion involving the density ϱ∈Lk(0,T;Ll(Td)). The motivation is to analyze the role of the integrability of density in energy conservation of weak solutions in this system, since almost all known corresponding results require ϱ∈L∞(0,T;L∞(Td)). Our results imply that the lower integrability of density ϱ means that more integrability of the velocity v is necessary in energy conservation. The proof relies on the Constantin–Weinan–Titi type and Lions type commutators on the mollifying kernel.
The two-fluid incompressible Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system: Green’s function and optimal decay rate
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Zhong Mingying
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the two-fluid incompressible Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system in three dimensional space. The analysis shows that the effect of the Lorentz force induced by the electromagnetic field leads to some different structures of the spectrum. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the Green’s function to the linearized system is made with applications to derive the optimal time decay rate of the solution converging to the steady state.
Large time behavior of weak solutions to the surface growth equation
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Liu Chenggang , Wang Yanqing , Han Pigong
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the existence and decay estimates of weak solutions to the surface growth equation. First, the global existence of weak solutions is obtained by the approximation method introduced by Majda and Bertozzi [Vorticity and Incompressible Flow (Cambridge University Press, 2001)]. Then, we derive the L2-decay rates of weak solutions via the Fourier splitting method under the assumption that u0∈L1(R)∩L2(R). For more general cases, i.e., u0∈L2(R), the behavior of weak solutions in L2 is obtained by the spectral theory of self-adjoint operators.
On the global well-posedness of the Einstein–Yang–Mills system
Authors: Griggs Petar , Mondal Puskar
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we present a partial result on the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the Einstein–Yang–Mills system in constant mean extrinsic curvature spatial harmonic and generalized Coulomb gauges as introduced in the work of Mondal [arXiv:2112.14273 (2021)]. We give a small-data global existence theorem for a family of n + 1 dimensional spacetimes with n ≥ 4, utilizing energy arguments presented in the work of Andersson and Moncrief [J. Differ. Geom. 89, 1–47 (2009)]. We observe that these energy arguments will fail for n = 3 due to the conformal invariance of 3 + 1 Yang–Mills equations and present a gauge-covariant formulation of the Einstein–Yang–Mills system in 3 + 1 dimensions to show that an energy argument cannot be used to prove the global well-posedness result, regardless of the choice of gauge.
Development of pebble-based extruded carbon rods for extreme plasma heat flux environments
Authors: Martinez-Loran Erick , Izadi Alborz , Jain Amit , Spencer Benjamin W. , Boedo Jose , Hollmann Eric
Published: June 2023

This work presents first experiments toward the development of continuously renewable (extrudable) pebble-based carbon rods for use as plasma-facing components in extreme steady-state plasma flux environments. The primary envisioned application of this work is a first wall that can survive long-term in future magnetic fusion power reactors while also improving recovery of the reactor fuel (tritium and deuterium atoms). Bench tests applying extreme steady-state front-surface heat loads of up to 50 MW/m2 are presented. Continuous pebble rod front-surface recession and intact pebble recovery are successfully demonstrated, at a rate of order 0.2 cm/s. Numerical simulations of the pebble rod front-surface recession are able to match observations reasonably well, indicating that the recession mechanism can be understood as occurring due to pebble thermal expansion and resulting shock and cracking of the inter-pebble binder. Tests of the pebble rod extrusion demonstrate that friction between the rods and the stainless steel extrusion channel is tolerably low (<50 N for the expected channel length) over a wide range of temperatures. Front-surface outgassing rates below 1000 Torr L/s/m2 are achieved, believed to be sufficiently low for use in magnetic fusion reactors. Initial parametric scans over pebble rod size and binder fraction to vary front-surface recession rates are presented.
Plasma position measurements by O-mode and X-mode reflectometry systems in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Shen Y. Q. , Yang Z. C. , Zhong W. L. , Jiang M. , Shi Z. B. , Santos J. , Shi P. W. , Tong R. H. , Xue G. Q. , Zhou Y. , Wen J. , Yu X. , Deng W. C. , Wang S. , Yang Z. J. , Chen Z. Y. , Li D. , Zha X. Q. , Jin Z. Y. , Xu X. , Xu M.
Published: June 2023

Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) is planned to provide plasma position and shape information for plasma operation in future fusion reactors. Its primary function is to calibrate the drift of the magnetic signals due to the integral nature of magnetic measurement. Here, we attempt to measure plasma position using ordinary mode (O-mode) and extraordinary mode (X-mode) reflectometry systems on two tokamaks. A new physical model based on the phase shift is proposed to deduce the relative movement of the cut-off layer without density inversion. We demonstrate the plasma position measurements by absolute measurement from density profile inversion and relative measurement from phase shift. The combination of X-mode and O-mode reflectometers can minimize the limitations of single polarization reflectometry and further increase the accuracy of plasma position measurement. These results could provide an important technical basis for the further development of a real-time control system based on PPR.
Summary report from the mini-conference on workforce development through research-based, plasma-focused activities
Authors: Kostadinova Evdokiya G. , Greco Shannon , Murdock Maajida , Barraza-Valdez Ernesto , Hasson Hannah R. , West-Abdallah Imani Z. , Harper Cheryl A. , Brown Katrina , Scime Earl , Dollar Franklin , Greninger Carl , Stanley Bryan , Oxford Elizabeth , Schaffner David , Provenzani Laura , Curry Chandra Breanne , Fracchiolla Claudia , El-Adawy Shams , Thakur Saikat Chakraborty , Orlov Dmitri , Anderson Caroline
Published: June 2023

This report is a summary of the mini-conference on Workforce Development Through Research-Based, Plasma-Focused Science Education and Public Engagement held during the 2022 American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics annual meeting. The motivation for organizing this mini-conference originates from recent studies and community-based reports highlighting important issues with the current state of the plasma workforce. Here, we summarize the main findings presented in the two speaker sessions of the mini-conference, the challenges, and recommendations identified in the discussion sessions and the results from a post-conference survey. We further provide information on initiatives and studies presented at the mini-conference, along with references to further resources.
Proton-coupled electron transfer at SOFC electrodes
Authors: Williams Nicholas J. , Warburton Robert E. , Seymour Ieuan D. , Cohen Alexander E. , Bazant Martin Z. , Skinner Stephen J.
Published: June 2023

Understanding the charge transfer processes at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes is critical to designing more efficient and robust materials. Activation losses at SOFC electrodes have been widely attributed to the ambipolar migration of charges at the mixed ionic–electronic conductor–gas interface. Empirical Butler–Volmer kinetics based on the transition state theory is often used to model the current–voltage relationship, where charged particles transfer classically over an energy barrier. However, the hydrogen oxidation/water electrolysis reaction H2(g) + O2− ⇌ H2O(g) + 2e− must be modeled through concerted electron and proton tunneling events, where we unify the theory of the electrostatic surface potential with proton-coupled electron transfer kinetics. We derive a framework for the reaction rate that depends on the electrostatic surface potential, adsorbate dipole moment, the electronic structure of the electron donor/acceptor, and vibronic states of the hydrogen species. This theory was used to study the current–voltage characteristics of the Ni/gadolinium-doped ceria electrode in H2/H2O(g), where we find excellent validation of this novel model. These results yield the first reported quantification of the solvent reorganization energy for an SOFC material and suggest that the three-phase boundary mechanism is the dominant pathway for charge transfer at cermet electrodes.
Digital contact tracing on hypergraphs
Authors: Nie Yanyi , Zhong Ming , Li Runchao , Zhao Dandan , Peng Hao , Zhong Xiaoni , Lin Tao , Wang Wei
Published: June 2023

The higher-order interactions emerging in the network topology affect the effectiveness of digital contact tracing (DCT). In this paper, we propose a mathematical model in which we use the hypergraph to describe the gathering events. In our model, the role of DCT is modeled as individuals carrying the app. When the individuals in the hyperedge all carry the app, epidemics cannot spread through this hyperedge. We develop a generalized percolation theory to investigate the epidemic outbreak size and threshold. We find that DCT can effectively suppress the epidemic spreading, i.e., decreasing the outbreak size and enlarging the threshold. DCT limits the spread of the epidemic to larger cardinality of hyperedges. On real-world networks, the inhibitory effect of DCT on the spread of epidemics is evident when the spread of epidemics is small.
Origin of steady state stress fluctuations in a shear-thinning worm-like micellar system
Authors: Ghadai Abhishek , Bera Pradip Kumar , Majumdar Sayantan
Published: June 2023

Large, irregular stress fluctuations under a constant applied shear rate are observed during the flow of dilute worm-like micellar solutions even at low Reynolds numbers. Statistical properties of such fluctuations showing signatures of chaos and elastic turbulence have been studied extensively. Although the mechanisms like boundary slippage, dynamics of shear band interface, time-dependent secondary flows, and inertio-elastic effects are conceived as the possible factors for such striking flow properties, their contributions in different non-linear flow regimes remain poorly understood. Here, we study the Taylor–Couette flow of a well-characterized aqueous worm-like micellar system formed by 2 wt. % cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate and 100 mM sodium chloride (2 wt. % CTAT + 100 mM NaCl). For a fixed applied shear-rate just beyond the onset of shear-thinning, high-speed optical imaging in the flow-gradient plane reveals spatiotemporally varying velocity gradients in the system. In this regime, the magnitude of stress fluctuations remains insignificant. However, the fluctuation becomes substantial beyond a critical shear rate deep inside the non-linear regime of the flow curve when significant free-surface undulations, sustained stick-slip, and elastic recoil events are observed. Imaging in the flow-vorticity and the gradient-vorticity plane indicates that such dynamics are primarily driven by the elasticity-induced turbulent flows in the system. Furthermore, in this regime, we find that the characteristic persistent time of stress fluctuations matches well with the time scales of the stick-slip events, as well as the micellar breaking time, indicating a possible connection between the striking stress dynamics and the micellar kinetics.
A “lifting” method for exponential large deviation estimates and an application to certain non-stationary 1D lattice Anderson models
Authors: Hurtado Omar
Published: June 2023

Proofs of localization for random Schrödinger operators with sufficiently regular distribution of the potential can take advantage of the fractional moment method introduced by Aizenman–Molchanov [Commun. Math. Phys. 157(2), 245–278 (1993)] or use the classical Wegner estimate as part of another method, e.g., the multi-scale analysis introduced by Fröhlich–Spencer [Commun. Math. Phys. 88, 151–184 (1983)] and significantly developed by Klein and his collaborators. When the potential distribution is singular, most proofs rely crucially on exponential estimates of events corresponding to finite truncations of the operator in question; these estimates in some sense substitute for the classical Wegner estimate. We introduce a method to “lift” such estimates, which have been obtained for many stationary models, to certain closely related non-stationary models. As an application, we use this method to derive Anderson localization on the 1D lattice for certain non-stationary potentials along the lines of the non-perturbative approach developed by Jitomirskaya–Zhu [Commun. Math. Physics 370, 311–324 (2019)] in 2019.
Van der Waals integrated plasmonic Au array for self-powered MoS2 photodetector
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Zeng Guang , Wu Guangjian , Zeng Jinhua , Sun Yize , Li Chao , Liu Lei , Wang Jianlu , Lu Hong-Liang , Chai Yang , Wang Jingli
Published: June 2023

2D transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 are promising candidates for optoelectronics because of atomically thin nature and strong light–matter interaction. However, the poor light absorption limited their photodetection performance. Surface plasma resonance (SPR) can improve light absorption, but the defects introduced during the metal deposition process limit their responsivity and response time. In this work, we transfer a plasmonic Au array onto MoS2 surface, in which van der Waals (vdWs) contact forms between defect-free Au array–MoS2 interface. The Au/MoS2 heterostructure photodetector performs 1.8 ms rising time, 186.6 A/W responsivity, and 1.41 × 1012 Jones detectivity. The damage free vdWs fabrication method also makes it possible to integrate the engineered SPR Au array with functional polymer for flexible electronics. Thus, a vdWs plasmonic Au array/MoS2/P(VDF-TrFE) photodetector with a 1.28 × 103 rectification ratio has been obtained. This approach not only optimizes the performance of the 2D optoelectronic devices but also expands the scope of its potential applications.
Why the reciprocal two-sphere swimmer moves in a viscoelastic environment
Authors: Eberhard Marcel , Choudhary Akash , Stark Holger
Published: June 2023

In Newtonian fluids, microswimmers need to perform a non-reciprocal shape change to move forward. However, this is no longer required in biological fluids with their viscoelastic properties. In this work, we investigate an oscillating two-sphere swimmer in a weakly viscoelastic fluid and show that the swimmer moves toward the smaller sphere. We use the flow fields generated by the individual spheres. Since they contain a viscoelastic contribution quadratic in the sphere velocities, the forces needed to expand and contract the swimmer differ from each other. This causes a non-zero net displacement during one cycle. We also find that the mean flow field generated by the two-sphere swimmer is the one of a contractile force dipole.
A perspective on piezotronics and piezo-phototronics based on the third and fourth generation semiconductors
Authors: Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of semiconductor materials and devices has brought tremendous development opportunities to optoelectronics, intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things, power electronics, and even innovative energy technologies. Among them, the third and fourth generation semiconductors represented by ZnO, GaN, SiC, and Ga2O3 are two kinds of emerging strategic material systems. Due to their large energy bandgaps, they exhibit excellent performance in application scenarios of high voltage, high frequency, and high temperature resistance, making them great candidates in high-power, radio frequency, and optoelectronic devices. The third and fourth generation semiconductors usually possess non-centrosymmetric crystal structures, which makes the piezoelectric polarization effect a fundamental characteristic for the third and fourth generation semiconductors in contrast to the first and second generation semiconductors as represented by Si, Ge, and GaAs. Research studies on the coupling of piezoelectricity, semiconductor, and light excitation properties were coined as piezotronics and piezo-phototronics in 2007 and 2010, respectively, by Zhong Lin Wang. The piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects open another avenue for further improvement of the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This Perspective will first introduce the basic concepts and principles of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics and the basic characteristics of the third and fourth generation semiconductors. Then, progress, challenges, and opportunities of ideal materials, comprehensive physical models, and outstanding applications based on piezotronics and piezo-phototronics are presented with emphasis. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are drawn for the piezotronics and piezo-phototronics based on the third and fourth generation semiconductors.
Dynamics of non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations during free-diffusion in highly stratified solutions of glycerol and water
Authors: Castellini Stefano , Carpineti Marina , Giraudet Cédric , Croccolo Fabrizio , Vailati Alberto
Published: June 2023

We investigate the non-equilibrium fluctuations occurring during free diffusion between two solutions of glycerol and water with various concentration differences. The non-linearity of the system, determined by the strong stratification of the sample, requires introducing an interpretation model able to characterize the dependence of the correlation properties of the non-equilibrium fluctuations on the local thermophysical variables of the system. The proposed model allows us to characterize the dynamics of non-equilibrium fluctuations in the presence of a wide range of relaxation times determined by the strong stratification of the sample, at variance with the cumulant methods commonly used in dynamic light scattering experiments, which work well in the presence of a moderate dispersion of relaxation times.
Broadband spectrally selective infrared radiation and its applications of a superstructure film of combined circular patches
Authors: An Ze-Lin , Liu Li , Liu Li-Ying , Wang Chao , Ai Li-Hong , Zhang Sheng-Jun , Wang Ru-Zhi
Published: June 2023

Selective infrared radiation is crucial for achieving infrared stealth and heat dissipation. Artificially designed superstructure film (SF) provides several advantages for controlling and modulating infrared radiation, making them a promising solution for these applications. The research described in this work has successfully produced broadband selective infrared radiation by using a surface made up of circular patches that are combined. Numerical simulations show that this SF can achieve broadband selective radiation with 3–5 μm mid-wave infrared (MWIR) suppression and 8–14 μm long-wave infrared (LWIR) emission. The spectral selectivity can be easily switched to high emissivity in MWIR and low emissivity in LWIR by simply changing the basal layer. The resonance mechanism for achieving broadband spectral selectivity in the SF may be due to a combination of multimode plasmon resonances that are induced by the structural nonrotational symmetry of the circular patches. By applying the selective radiation SF on the tail nozzle or the vehicle, the effect of thermal management is very significant. Selective radiation SF can reduce radiant energy in the 3−5 μm band by a significant amount at 500 °C, resulting in a 46 °C cooler temperature than that at the body without the SF. At 80 °C, radiated energy in the 8–14 μm band is also considerably reduced and the temperature is 10 °C lower than that of the body without the SF. There will be obvious advantages in potential applications for infrared stealth and heat dissipation by the designed SF, a simple and convenient manufacturing process.
Measurement and calculation of CO (7–0) overtone line intensities
Authors: Balashov Aleksandr A. , Bielska Katarzyna , Li Gang , Kyuberis Aleksandra A. , Wójtewicz Szymon , Domysławska Jolanta , Ciuryło Roman , Zobov Nikolay F. , Lisak Daniel , Tennyson Jonathan , Polyansky Oleg L.
Published: June 2023

Intensities of 14 lines in the sixth overtone (7–0) band of carbon monoxide (12C16O) are measured in the visible range between 14 300 and 14 500 cm−1 using a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. This is the first observation of such a high and weak overtone spectrum of the CO molecule. A theoretical model is constructed and tested based on the use of a high accuracy ab initio dipole moment curve and a semi-empirical potential energy curve. Accurate studies of high overtone transitions provide a challenge to both experiment and theory as the lines are very weak: below 2 × 10−29 cm molecule−1 at 296 K. Agreement between theory and experiment within the experimental uncertainty of a few percent is obtained. However, this agreement is only achieved after issues with the stability of the Davidson correction to the multi-reference configuration interaction calculations are addressed.