bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catchment‐scale skill assessment of seasonal precipitation forecasts across South Korea
Authors: Lee Yongshin , Peñuela Andres , Pianosi Francesca , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel Angel
Published: June 2023

Climate change is expected to make droughts more frequent and severe all over the world. South Korea is no exception and is already suffering from extreme droughts such as one that prolonged from 2013 to 2015 and caused nation‐wide damage. To mitigate drought damages, better management of existing water infrastructure is essential. A promising opportunity to improve operational decisions is to make use of seasonal weather forecasts that are provided by general circulation models and can be downscaled to the catchment scale. This study hence assesses the skill of seasonal forecasts over 20 catchments in South Korea, where the largest reservoirs are located. Datasets from four weather forecasting centres (ECMWF, UK Met Office, Météo France and DWD) have been evaluated over the period 2011–2020, and their skill quantified using the Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Score (CRPSS). We analyse how skill varies across the seasons and years, and if it can be linked to catchments characteristics. In doing so, we develop a methodology and a Python package to implement it, which is freely available for future applications to other regions. As for the study case, our results showed that among the four forecasting centres, ECMWF's forecasts were the most skilful in South Korea. In particular, seasonal forecasts outperform the climatology for 2 months of lead time and are more skilful during the wet season and in dry years. Linear bias correction is found to be useful to correct systematic seasonal biases, whereas we found no significant correlation between the catchment characteristics and forecast skill. We also investigated the possibility of anticipating dry years from seasonal forecasts and/or ENSO indices but found no significant link.
Alvania acidasp. nov., a new late Quaternary gastropod adapted to the shallow‐marine CO2seep of Vulcano Island
Authors: Garilli Vittorio , Reitano Agatino , Scuderi Danilo , Parrinello Daniela
Published: June 2023

Submarine CO2emissions are a recent (probably younger than about 5 ka) expression of volcanism at Vulcano Island (off NE Sicily), a Mediterranean natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidification. An impoverished molluskan association is known from the naturally acidified waters of Vulcano, at Levante Bay, where pH drops to 5.64. Here we describe a new gastropod,Alvania acidasp. nov., living in the bay, and found at the nearby site of Capo Milazzo (NE coast of Sicily) within a Late Pleistocene paleocommunity related to vegetated bottoms. The study species underwent a habitat change during its short evolutionary history, resulting in the recent adaptation to the CO2seep at Vulcano. Similarly to the gastropodsTritia corniculumandT. neriteafrom the same seep,A. acidawas up to 24% smaller than fossil shells from Milazzo, showing a further probable case of adaptation to high‐CO2waters through dwarfing. The new species shows distinctive features: an inflated shell; very convex, axially ribbed whorls; weak spiral cords. Because of its current distribution, limited to Levante Bay, and anthropogenic pressure from tourism affecting the site,A. acidadeserves protection.
Methodological considerations for novel approaches to covariate‐adjusted indirect treatment comparisons
Authors: Remiro‐Azócar Antonio , Heath Anna , Baio Gianluca
Published: June 2023

We examine four important considerations in the development of covariate adjustment methodologies for indirect treatment comparisons. First, we consider potential advantages of weighting versus outcome modeling, placing focus on bias‐robustness. Second, we outline why model‐based extrapolation may be required and useful, in the specific context of indirect treatment comparisons with limited overlap. Third, we describe challenges for covariate adjustment based on data‐adaptive outcome modeling. Finally, we offer further perspectives on the promise of doubly robust covariate adjustment frameworks.
Cover Image
Authors: Wang Donghui , Guan Chenxia , Sun Lirong , Zhang Qinling , Pan Shihui , Chen Hao
Published: June 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Improvement of the UV‐resistance capability of fish gelatin‐oxidized starch film via inserting mycosporine‐like amino acids by Donghui Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12587.

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Photobiomodulation self‐treatment at home after rotator cuff arthroscopic repair accelerates improvement in pain, functionality, and quality of life: A double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abufoul Rabie , Gavish Lilach , Haddad Marwan
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine whether self‐applied photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy at home, following rotator cuff arthroscopic surgery (RCAS) can accelerate improvement in patient‐reported outcomes within the first 6 months postsurgery.

Methods

This study was a prospective, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized clinical trial (NCT04593342). Patients (n = 50, age 55 ± 7 years, male:female 29:21) who underwent primary RCAS were randomized to receive active (n = 22) or sham (n = 28) PBM devices (B‐Cure Laser Pro, Erica B‐Cure LASER Ltd., Haifa, Israel) in addition to standard care. Patients self‐applied the treatments (808 nm, 15 min, 16.5 J/cm2) at home for 3 months postsurgery. Evaluations were conducted before the surgery (baseline) and at 1–3 and 6 months post‐RCAS (FU‐1M, FU‐3M, FU‐6M), and included Constant–Murley score (CMS), range of motion (ROM), subjective pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), disability by QuickDASH, and quality of life (QOL) by SF‐12. The difference from baseline to follow‐up (ΔFU), %patients achieving minimal clinical important difference (MCID), and patient acceptable symptom score (PASS) were calculated. Comparisons were conducted with superiority 2‐sample t test and χ2.

Results

Baseline values were not significantly different between groups. Both groups had similar improvements in CMS and ROM. However, compared to Sham, PBM significantly accelerated subjective pain reduction at 3 and 6 months (VAS mean ± SD, PBM‐vs‐Sham: ΔFU‐3M 32 ± 33 vs. 16 ± 27, p = 0.040; ΔFU‐6M: 41 ± 36 vs. 23 ± 26, p = 0.038), with a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving MCID at 3 months (76% vs. 48%, p = 0.027) and PASS at 6 months (48% vs. 23%, p = 0.044). PBM also significantly accelerated improvement in functionality and QOL at 6 months (QuickDASH ΔFU‐6M: 30 ± 24 vs. 18 ± 14, p = 0.029; SF‐12 physical component 6.8 ± 12.5 vs. 0.4 ± 8.6, p = 0.031; SF‐12 mental component 8.5 ± 9.1 vs. 2.2 ± 12, p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Self‐applied photobiomodulation following RCAS significantly accelerates decrease in pain and disability, and improves QOL. This nonpharmacologic add‐on therapeutic modality is easy to use and encourages active patient involvement. Its potential use in rehabilitation following other surgeries should be considered.

Level of evidence

Level I, high‐quality RCT.
The use of hydrogen in monitoring the anoxic corrosion of copper
Authors: Senior Nicholas , Martino Taylor , Keech Peter G. , Binns Wilfred Jeffrey , Diomidis Nikitas , Lilja Christina
Published: June 2023

Copper has been proposed as a corrosion barrier for used fuel containers due to its thermodynamic stability under the anoxic conditions relevant to a deep geological repository. Laboratory simulations of anticipated repository conditions have demonstrated the production of small quantities of hydrogen gas, which have been interpreted as being indicative of an oxidation (corrosion) process. This work reports new corrosion results for repository‐relevant materials: electrodeposited copper, cold spray copper and junction material under Canadian and Swiss simulated ground waters. The attribution of the recorded hydrogen suggests corrosion is limited to the outermost atomic layers of copper cladding. However, the origins of the hydrogen have not been conclusively determined. Three thermal desorption methods have been used to investigate the outgassing of hydrogen from electrodeposited copper which may permit a more accurate interpretation of the hydrogen evolution profile from corrosion cells.
Log canonical foliation singularities on surfaces
Authors: Chen Yen‐An
Published: June 2023

We give a classification of the dual graphs of the exceptional divisors on the minimal resolutions of log canonical foliation singularities on surfaces. As an application, we show the set of foliated minimal log discrepancies for foliated surface triples satisfies the ascending chain condition and a Grauert–Riemenschneider–type vanishing theorem for foliated surfaces with special log canonical foliation singularities.
Potentially functional genetic variants in RPS6KA4 and MAP2K5 in the MAPK signaling pathway predict HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma survival
Authors: Qiu Moqin , Lin Qiuling , Liu Yingchun , Chen Peiqin , Zhou Yunxiang , Jiang Yanji , Zhou Zihan , Wen Qiuping , Zhou Xianguo , Liang Xiumei , Gan Haijie , Yu Hongping
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the third leading cause of cancer deaths with a dismal 5‐year survival rate. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is abnormally activated in HCC to promote growth and aggressive metastatic potential of cancer cells. Therefore, genetic variants in the MAPK signaling pathway may serve as potential predictors of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC survival. In the present study, we performed a two‐stage survival analysis to evaluate the associations between 10,912 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 79 MAPK signaling pathway genes and the overall survival (OS) of 866 HBV‐related HCC patients, followed by functional annotation. In combined datasets, we identified two novel and potential functional SNPs (RPS6KA4 rs600377 T>G and MAP2K5 rs17300363 A>C) as prognostic factors for HBV‐related HCC, with adjusted allelic hazards ratios of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.46, p = 0.010) and 1.48 (1.15–1.91, p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, their combined risk genotypes also predicted a poor survival in a dose–response manner in the combined data set (Ptrend < 0.001). Additional functional analysis showed that RPS6KA4 rs600377 G and MAP2K5 rs17300363 C alleles were associated with elevated mRNA expression levels of the corresponding genes in normal tissues. These results provide new insights into the role of genetic variants in the MAPK signaling pathway genes in HBV‐related HCC survival.
Multibump positive solutions for Choquard equation with double potentials in ℝ3$$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}}^3 $$
Authors: Yu Mingzhu , Chen Haibo
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we construct a new family of multibump solutions to the following Choquard equation

where
and
are radial positive functions and both of them satisfy some decay conditions at infinity. The centers of these bumps are located in points on two circles. More precisely, the new type of solutions has polygonal symmetry in the
‐plane and even symmetry about the
‐axis.
Systematic review of reconstruction techniques for accelerated quantitative MRI
Authors: Shafieizargar Banafshe , Byanju Riwaj , Sijbers Jan , Klein Stefan , den Dekker Arnold J. , Poot Dirk H. J.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To systematically review the techniques that address undersampling artifacts in accelerated quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI).

Methods

A literature search was conducted using the Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Coherence Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases for studies, published before July 2022 proposing reconstruction techniques for accelerated qMRI. Studies are reviewed according to inclusion criteria, and included studies are categorized based on the methodology used.

Results

A total of 292 studies included in the review are categorized. A technical overview of each category is provided, and the categories are described in a unified mathematical framework. The distribution of the reviewed studies over time, application domain, and parameters of interest is illustrated.

Conclusion

An increasing trend in the number of articles that propose new techniques for accelerated qMRI reconstruction indicates the importance of acceleration in qMRI. The techniques are mostly validated for relaxometry parameters and brain scans. The categories of techniques are compared based on theoretical grounds, highlighting existing trends and potential gaps in the field.
Capacity shortages, regulation, and firm incentives in the generic drugs industry
Authors: Heese H. Sebastian , Kemahlioglu‐Ziya Eda
Published: June 2023

Drug shortages are becoming more frequent and severe in the United States, especially for generic drugs. A lack of economic incentives has been cited as a root cause. Only few firms choose to produce a such drugs, and, if they do, these firms do not allocate large levels of capacity. Hence, total industry supply is limited, increasing the odds of shortages. We develop and analyze a stylized game‐theoretic model of a generic drug market to understand the impact of various governmental interventions on the total industry equilibrium supply. We explicitly consider firm market entry and exit decisions and the participating firms' incentives to allocate productive capacity to the focal drug market. We first characterize sustainable numbers of active drug manufacturers and their equilibrium capacity allocation decisions for a given regulatory environment. We then analyze the effects of different possible policy interventions on these equilibrium decisions and total industry capacity. Finally, we consider the impact of combinations of different interventions and, importantly, the sequence in which such combined interventions are introduced. A key result of our analysis is that the sequence of policy interventions may have an important effect on the resulting equilibrium industry capacity. When changing the regulatory environment, policymakers should be careful never to lead a sequence of changes with an adjustment that adversely affects pharmaceutical firms' incentives to allocate capacity to the focal drug market; we show that starting with capacity‐supporting interventions always is a dominant strategy when aiming to increase total industry capacity.
Advances in Image‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wu Qingwu , Wang Xinyue , Liang Guixian , Luo Xin , Zhou Min , Deng Huiyi , Zhang Yana , Huang Xuekun , Yang Qintai
Published: June 2023

Objective

To update the literature and provide a systematic review of image‐based artificial intelligence (AI) applications in otolaryngology, highlight its advances, and propose future challenges.

Data Sources

Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

Studies written in English, published between January 2020 and December 2022. Two independent authors screened the search results, extracted data, and assessed studies.

Results

Overall, 686 studies were identified. After screening titles and abstracts, 325 full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 78 studies were included in this systematic review. The studies originated from 16 countries. Among these countries, the top 3 were China (n = 29), Korea (n = 8), the United States, and Japan (n = 7 each). The most common area was otology (n = 35), followed by rhinology (n = 20), pharyngology (n = 18), and head and neck surgery (n = 5). Most applications of AI in otology, rhinology, pharyngology, and head and neck surgery mainly included chronic otitis media (n = 9), nasal polyps (n = 4), laryngeal cancer (n = 12), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3), respectively. The overall performance of AI in accuracy, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 88.39 ± 9.78%, 91.91 ± 6.70%, 86.93 ± 11.59%, and 88.62 ± 14.03%, respectively.

Conclusion

This state‐of‐the‐art review aimed to highlight the increasing applications of image‐based AI in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. The following steps will entail multicentre collaboration to ensure data reliability, ongoing optimization of AI algorithms, and integration into real‐world clinical practice. Future studies should consider 3‐dimensional (3D)‐based AI, such as 3D surgical AI.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Following Immunization With BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273: A Danish Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Damkier Per , Cleary Brian , Hallas Jesper , Schmidt Jesper H. , Ladebo Louise , Jensen Peter B. , Lund Lars Christian
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare the occurrence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss following immunization with BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®; Pfizer BioNTech) or mRNA‐1273 (Spikevax®; Moderna) to the occurrence among unvaccinated individuals.

Study Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Nationwide Danish health care registers comprised all Danish residents living in Denmark on October 1, 2020, who were 18 years or older or turned 18 in 2021.

Methods

We compared the occurrence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss following immunization with BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®; Pfizer BioNTech) or mRNA‐1273 (Spikevax®; Moderna) (first, second, or third dose) against unvaccinated person time. Secondary outcomes were a first‐ever hospital diagnosis of vestibular neuritis and a hearing examination, by an ear‐nose‐throat (ENT) specialist, followed by a prescription of moderate to high‐dose prednisolone.

Results

BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of receiving a discharge diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99, confidence interval [CI]: 0.59‐1.64) or vestibular neuritis (adjusted HR: 0.94, CI: 0.69‐1.24). We found a slightly increased risk (adjusted HR: 1.40, CI, 1.08‐1.81) of initiating moderate to high‐dose oral prednisolone following a visit to an ENT specialist within 21 days from receiving a messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based Covid‐19 vaccine.

Conclusion

Our findings do not suggest an increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss or vestibular neuritis following mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination. mRNA‐Covid‐19 vaccination may be associated with a small excess risk of a visit to an ENT specialist visit followed by a prescription of moderate to high doses of prednisolone.
Geospatial Distribution of Ambulatory Surgery Center Utilization for Otorhinolaryngologic Surgeries Among Medicare Patients From 2015 to 2019
Authors: Nyaeme Mark , Yerrabelli Rahul S. , Peterman Nicholas , Kaptur Brad , Yeo Eunhae , Carpenter Kristine R.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the geographic clustering of ambulatory surgical center (ASC) utilization in otolaryngology to determine hot spot areas of high utilization and cold spot areas of low utilization and socioeconomic factors that correlate with these hot spots and cold spots.

Study Design

To develop a national epidemiologic study of ASC utilization in otolaryngology in the United States.

Setting

United States of America.

Methods

Multiple county‐level national databases were reviewed including Center for Medicare Services (CMS) physician billing data, CMS Medicare demographic data, and US Census socioeconomic data. The analysis was conducted using the average of all Medicare billing information from 2015 to 2019. Whether a procedure was performed in an ASC was extracted from CMS data using the CMS definition of an ASC. The percentage ASC billing was calculated as the fraction of CMS payments that were performed in ASCs for the top ENT procedures. A Python‐based script for database building and GeoDa, Moran's I clustering coefficient, and a 1‐way analysis of variance was utilized to chart and analyze demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic trends.

Results

Hot spots of utilization, with an average ASC billing of 80.13%, were seen in Southern California, Florida, Mid‐Atlantic, and clusters throughout the Deep South. Cold spot clusters, with an average ASC billing of 2.21%, were located in large swaths of New England, Ohio, and the Deep South with clusters bisecting the Midwest. Cold spots had a higher percentage of poverty and percent eligible for Medicaid.

Conclusion

ASC utilization is best used to improve cost‐effectiveness and accessibility of care but what is seen is that ASC use is currently highest in cities in coastal areas which already have high levels of care access and are making the most proportional money compared to their rural counterparts.
Mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polyethylene/surface treated hemp fiber bio‐composites
Authors: Güney Olcay , Bilici İbrahim , Doğan Deniz , Metin Ayşegül Ülkü
Published: June 2023

Hemp is a good option for polyethylene additives because of its high cellulose and fibrous content. This study aims to modify natural hemp fibers with the maleic anhydride/ionic liquid method, manufacture the composites, and compare the thermal and mechanical properties of natural hemp fiber and hemp cellulose. In this study recycled polyethylene as a binder, and filling ratios between 0 and 50 (wt/wt)% are investigated as a parameter. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermomechanical analysis were performed, and it was determined that the coefficient of thermal expansion from 973 to 147 ppm/K. It was determined that the strength of composite materials obtained from cellulose fibers with maleic anhydride/liquid ionic modification improved by around 20% from 19.5 to 24.4 MPa. In addition, as a result of scanning electron microscope analyses performed on the fractured surfaces, it was determined that the pressure, temperature, and time were suitable for producing composite materials. This work shows the potential of recycled polyethylene/hemp composites as a sustainable green material with simple fabrication procedure and useful mechanical and thermal properties.
Noble gas effect on ACL etching selectivity to SiO2 films
Authors: Choi Gilyoung , Efremov Alexander , Son Hye Jun , Kwon Kwang‐Ho
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of Ar/He mixing ratio in the tetrafluoromethane/perfluorocyclobutane/Ar/He gas mixture on plasma parameters, SiO2 etching kinetics, and etching selectivity with respect to the amorphous carbon layer (ACL) mask in the inductively coupled plasma system with the low frequency (2 MHz) bias source. It was found that the type of dominant carrier gas does influence the output process characteristics through changes in both ion flux and CFx/F ratio determining the plasma polymerizing ability. In particular, He‐rich plasmas exhibited better performance with respect to the faceting of ACL mask and SiO2/ACL etching selectivity.
Computational Studies and Fluorescent Turn‐off Sensing of Biologically Important Cu2+ Ion in Irrigation Water by Schiff Base
Authors: Ekta  , Utreja Divya , Sharma Shivali
Published: June 2023

Numerous chemosensors have been reported for the detection of heavy metal ions in drinking water or in biological system pertaining to health concerns. Here, in the present study we have focused on synthesis of simple, efficient chemosensors for one of such ion i. e. Cu2+ due to its prevalent importance. Chemosensor (3) has been synthesized from sulfanilamide and nitro‐benzaldehyde which was further characterized with various analyses such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR and mass spectrometry. The absorbance and emission studies results showed that sensor (3) has profound sensitivity and selectivity for Cu2+ ions in aqueous medium by quenching the emission intensity of the same at 335 nm. Whereas the complexation of sensor (3) with Cu2+ ion produced the change in color from pale yellow to green, in semi aqueous medium with gradual addition of Cu2+. The sensor was also tested against various water samples and found to generate 100.4 % recovery from irrigation water sample. Further computational analyses were performed to verify the sensing mechanism and also different global quantities such as electron affinity (A), ionisation potential (I), electronegativity (χ), global softness (S), hardness (η), and electrophilicity (ψ) were calculated.
Exploring the Potential of ω3 Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Study Combining Experimental, Computational, and Biological Approaches
Authors: Sanginabadi Farhad , Gheibi Nematollah , Divsalar Adeleh , Saboury Ali Akbar , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Sadeghi Morteza
Published: June 2023

In this work, the inhibitory ability and mechanism of ω3‐nicotinic acid (ω3‐NA) and ω3‐Picolinic acid (ω3‐PA) complexes on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) were scrutinized for progressing a novel MT inhibitor. The complexes were synthesized. It was shown to have a considerable inhibition on the MT activity and Ki value of ω3‐NA and ω3‐PA on MT equal to 5.2 and 5.1 mM, respectively. ω3‐NA and ω3‐PA inhibited MT with Vmax values in the range of 0.134 mM and 0.14 mM, respectively. The outputs obtained from fluorescence quenching specified that ω3‐NA and ω3‐PA could interact with MT. Especially, the decrease in fluorescence intensity was due to the formation of a ligand‐enzyme complex which was mostly motivated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. The presence of ω3‐NA and ω3‐PA altered the structure of MT and reduced the α‐helix of the enzyme. Molecular docking investigation along with molecular dynamics simulation exhibited that ligands‐MT formation is directed by hydrogen binding with Trp136, His263, and Val299 residues. The results highlight that ω3‐NA and ω3‐PA can be considered as possible inhibitors in treating hyperpigmentation via MT enzyme inhibition.
Visible‐Light Mediated Metal‐free Synthesis of 3‐Bromo Coumarins Using In situ Generated Transient Non‐Symmetric Bromoiodanes
Authors: Monika  , Ram Bajya Kalu , Gupta Manoj K. , Selvakumar Sermadurai
Published: June 2023

We report herein the in situ generated transient non‐symmetric bromoiodanes promoted regioselective intramolecular halocyclization of alkynoates for the first time under visible light irradiation enables the formation of 4‐aryl‐3‐bromocoumarin derivatives. Using this protocol, a broad range of valuable brominated coumarins can be synthesized in moderate to excellent yield using simple household CFL bulb as light source under photocatalyst free condition. In addition, preliminary control studies were conducted to gain more insights to propose the plausible reaction mechanism.
Functionalized Diazabenzo[a]anthracenediones: Regioselective Multicomponent Synthesis and Biological and Computational Studies as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Tariq Riaz Muhammad , Taslimi Parham , Yaqub Muhammad , al‐Rashida Mariya , Alharthy Rima D. , El‐Gokha Ahmed , Shafiq Zahid
Published: June 2023

Heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) have been used to synthesize diaza‐benzo[a]anthracenedione derivatives through highly efficient one pot three‐component cascade reaction from readily available precursors. 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (HNQ) and aromatic aldehydes are reacted with heterocyclic ketene aminals via Et3N‐catalyzed tandem [3+2+1] annulation under solvent‐free conditions. These reactions were very smooth, productive with high yield and highly regioselective for the synthesis of novel fused tetracyclic compounds (4 a–4 i). These synthesized compounds were discovered to be potent inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, with Ki values for BChE ranging from 27.37±4.70 to 78.06±6.96 nM and AChE from 59.01±6.91 to 150.88±14.84 nM, respectively. Molecular docking studies was carried out to find the interactions of most potent inhibitors.
Cyclohexane based Bis‐imine and Salicylic Acid Derived Tripodal Amide for Optical Recognition and Enrichment of Sm3+ and Dy3+
Authors: Shyam Tandrim , Changdar Sutapa , Das Debasis
Published: June 2023

Single crystal X‐ray structurally characterized bis‐imine derivative (P1) selectively recognizes Sm3+ in DMSO‐water (1 : 6, v/v) media. On the other hand, salicylic acid derived tripodal amide (P2) efficiently detects Sm3+ and Dy3+ in DMSO‐water (1 : 5, v/ v) media. In both cases, Sm3+ emits intense pink light while Dy3+ emits yellow light. The P1 experiences 42‐fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of Sm3+. The P2 experiences 36‐fold and 23‐fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of Sm3+ and Dy3+ respectively. The limit of detections (LODs) for Sm3+ are 9.2×10−8 M (by P1) and 1.04×10−7 M (by P2) while it is 9.67×10−7 M for Dy3+ (by P2). The P1 assisted enrichment of Sm3+ is encouraging.
Synthesis and Potential Dual Inhibitory Activity Against Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase of Galactose‐Conjugated Isatin β‐Thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Giang Nguyen Thi Kim , Toan Vu Ngoc , Van Hoang Thi Kim , Tri Nguyen Minh , Anh Hoang Huu , Hai Do Son
Published: June 2023

A series of different isatin‐thiosemicarbazones 4 a–4 t derived from corresponding substituted isatins and N‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazide had been synthesized. Their anti‐Alzheimer activity were studied through the inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Most of these compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against these enzymes. Of these isatin N‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐d‐galactoranosyl)thiosemicarbazones 4 a–4 t, in IC50 range below 0.05 μM, some thiosemicarbazones exhibited potent inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme, including 4 s (1‐benzyl)>4 t (1‐phenthyl)>4 p (1‐allyl)>4 r (1‐t‐butyl), and others exhibited potent inhibitory activity against BChE, including 4 t (1‐phenthyl)>4 o (1‐propyl)>4 q (1‐butyl)> 4 s (1‐benzyl). Enzymic kinetics of AChE and BChE inhibition of 4 s and 4 t, were studied. These compounds with strong inhibitory activity had been further investigated in induced fit docking studies as well as molecular dynamics simulations. The obtained resulting simulations indicate that strong ligand‐residues interactions were decisive factors to inhibitory activity of 4 s and 4 t against AChE and BChE enzymes, respectively.
Liquid‐in‐Aerogel Porous Composite Allows Efficient CO2 Capture and CO2/N2 Separation
Authors: Jiang Haotian , Hou Yinglai , Liu Zengwei , Yuan Ruizhe , Du Yu , Ji Xiaofei , Sheng Zhizhi , Zhang Xuetong
Published: June 2023

The pursuit of efficient CO2 capture materials remains an unmet challenge. Especially, meeting both high sorption capacity and fast uptake kinetics is an ongoing effort in the development of CO2 sorbents. Here, a strategy to exploit liquid‐in‐aerogel porous composites (LIAPCs) that allow for highly effective CO2 capture and selective CO2/N2 separation, is reported. Interestingly, the functional liquid tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is partially filled into the air pockets of SiO2 aerogel with left permanent porosity. Notably, the confined liquid thickness is 10.9–19.5 nm, which can be vividly probed by the atomic force microscope and rationalized by tailoring the liquid composition and amount. LIAPCs achieve high affinity between the functional liquid and solid porous counterpart, good structure integrity, and robust thermal stability. LIAPCs exhibit superb CO2 uptake capacity (5.44 mmol g−1, 75 °C, and 15 vol% CO2), fast sorption kinetics, and high amine efficiency. Furthermore, LIAPCs ensure long‐term adsorption–desorption cycle stability and offer exceptional CO2/N2 selectivity both in dry and humid conditions, with a separation factor up to 1182.68 at a humidity of 1%. This approach offers the prospect of efficient CO2 capture and gas separation, shedding light on new possibilities to make the next‐generation sorption materials for CO2 utilization.
Robust Artificial Interlayer with High Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength toward Long‐Life Na‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xia Xianming , Chen Kaizhi , Xu Shitan , Yao Yu , Liu Lin , Xu Chen , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: June 2023

Sodium metal, benefiting from its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, is regarded as a promising anode for sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs). Unfortunately, the uncontrollable sodium dendrites formation caused from the sluggish ion‐transport kinetics and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interlayer induces a low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Constructing an artificial SEI interlayer with high ionic conductivity, stability, and mechanical toughness is an effective strategy for Na‐metal anode, yet it still presents major challenge for high current density and long cycling life. Herein, an artificial SEI interlayer composed of Na–Sn alloy, Sn, and Na2Te (denoted as NST) is designed via in‐situ conversion/alloying reaction of tin telluride (SnTe) with Na. Such artificial interlayer possesses rapid Na+‐transport kinetics and high Young's modulus (5.3 GPa), benefitting to even Na plating/stripping and suppressing Na dendrite growth. Owing to these merits, the symmetrical Na/NST cell presents an ultralong cycle life span over 1390 h with a small voltage hysteresis at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. And the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)||Na/NST full cell exhibits a prolonged life of 1000 cycles with a high‐capacity retention of 88% at 5C. Herein, a promising strategy is provided to construct a high‐performance artificial interlayer for SMBs.
Quasi‐2D Lead–Tin Perovskite Memory Devices Fabricated by Blade Coating
Authors: Chen Lijun , Xi Jun , Tekelenburg Eelco Kinsa , Tran Karolina , Portale Giuseppe , Brabec Christoph J , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: June 2023

Two terminal passive devices are regarded as one of the promising candidates to solve the processor‐memory bottleneck in the Von Neumann computing architectures. Many different materials are used to fabricate memory devices, which have the potential to act as synapses in future neuromorphic electronics. Metal halide perovskites are attractive for memory devices as they display high density of defects with a low migration barrier. However, to become promising for a future neuromorphic technology, attention should be paid on non‐toxic materials and scalable deposition processes. Herein, it is reported for the first time the successful fabrication of resistive memory devices using quasi‐2D tin–lead perovskite of composition (BA)2MA4(Pb0.5Sn0.5)5I16 by blade coating. The devices show typical memory characteristics with excellent endurance (2000 cycles), retention (105 s), and storage stability (3 months). Importantly, the memory devices successfully emulate synaptic behaviors such as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term potentiation, and long‐term potentiation. A mix of slow (ionic) transport and fast (electronic) transport (charge trapping and de‐trapping) is proven to be responsible for the observed resistive switching behavior.
Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on benthic marine community composition, structure and stability: a multidisciplinary approach to molluscan assemblages from the Miocene of northern Germany
Authors: Carobene Daria , Bussert Robert , Struck Ulrich , Reddin Carl J. , Aberhan Martin
Published: June 2023

The Miocene mica‐clay deposits of Groß Pampau (northern Germany) are well known for their diverse assemblages of marine mammals. Despite numerous systematic and biostratigraphic studies, an in‐depth palaeoecological analysis of its molluscan assemblages and a comprehensive palaeoenvironmental reconstruction are lacking. Here, we integrate new faunal, sedimentological and geochemical data to reconstruct the marine palaeoecosystem of the Upper Miocene sedimentary succession of Groß Pampau, and to identify the drivers controlling the composition, ecological structure and temporal dynamics of its macrobenthic molluscan assemblages. Fossil evidence, coupled with analyses of clay mineral composition, grain size distribution and geochemical data (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, δ13C, δ18O, δ15N of sediment and shells), suggests a warm–temperate, mesotrophic, low‐energy, offshore marine setting mostly below storm wave base and a pronounced surface‐to‐bottom water temperature gradient. Low variability in sedimentological and geochemical signals indicates generally stable physicochemical conditions, whereas the occurrence of the opportunistic species Varicorbula gibba suggests occasionally unfavourable bottom conditions, possibly related to transient hypoxia. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that the distribution of molluscan assemblages correlates with total organic carbon and nitrogen content, suggesting organic matter availability at the sea floor as a controlling factor. A pattern of repetitive punctuated stasis of molluscan assemblages is defined by the temporal persistence in taxonomic and ecological composition, occasionally interrupted by shifts to a different faunal configuration. We suggest that both stable environmental conditions and biotic interactions (i.e. the top‐down control exerted by carnivorous gastropods and environmental modification by ubiquitous burrowing deposit feeders) probably contributed to the observed temporal stability.
Fast surface floating organic droplets based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for trace enrichment of multiclass pesticide residues from different fruit juice samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis
Authors: Bekele Habtamu , Megersa Negussie
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to enable the development of a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly analytical technique utilizing dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on surface floating organic droplets for selective and quantitative enrichment of trace level pesticide contaminants from different fruit juice samples for subsequent detection by high performance liquid chromatography, combined with a diode array detector. The selective extraction was necessitated in order to isolate the seven multiclass pesticide residues frequently occurring in fruit juice samples. The effects of experimental parameters such as pH of sample solution, type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, ionic strength and extraction time were optimized. The optimized method was validated using spiked blank sample and satisfactory results for accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 87.23% to 99.45%, with %relative standard deviation between 1.37 and 8.39, precision in terms of %relative standard deviation ≤ 10.78 and linearity at concentration levels from 3 to 1500 ng/ml, which corresponded with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.998. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were ranged from 1.3×10−2 to 5.3×10−2 and 4.2×10−2 to 1.8×10−1 μg/L, respectively. At the end, the method was successfully applied to analyze real fruit juice samples and target analytes were not detected in real samples.
A Novel Starch‐Based Synergistic Flame Retardant for the Treatment of Insulating Paper
Authors: Chen QiJie , Liu Zhuo , Xie GuangYang , Zhao WenGuang , Chen Guang , Wang Feng
Published: June 2023

Due to the strict working environment, insulating paper is generally required to have a good flame retardant performance. In this study, a new type of starch‐based synergistic flame retardant (SPBD) is prepared using starch as a carbon source, phytic acid, and boric acid as the acid source, and dicyandiamide as a gas source by the one‐pot method. The flammability, mechanical, and electrical properties of the flame‐retardant insulating papers treated with SPBD are also studied. When the concentration of the SPBD is 24.0%, the limiting oxygen index of the insulating paper is increased from 19.4% to 44.0% and reaches the level of UL‐94 V0. The tensile index and burst index of the flame‐retardant insulating papers are only 6.88% and 10.75% lower than that of the control insulating paper. While the ring crush strength and alternating current (AC) breakdown strength in air are 109.58% and 21.15% higher than the control insulating paper. The SPBD flame retardant has a good application prospect in insulating paper.
Seismic performance analysis and evaluation of tall structures using grille‐type steel plate composite shear walls
Authors: Yu Qiao , Wu Hao , Li Lingzhi , Ogail Emadeldin , Liu Qingyun , Zhao Xuelian , Liu Yang
Published: June 2023

Grille‐type steel plate composite (GSPC) shear wall is an innovative wall system consisting of concrete cores, steel faceplates, steel tie plates, and steel channels with more advantages than conventional reinforced concrete (RC) walls, including better ductility, higher bearing capacity, and easy‐modular characteristics. This paper mainly discusses the seismic performance and damage resistance of GSPC walls to the entire structure from the aspect of the structural level. Three nonlinear numerical models of high‐rise structures with different structural heights and types were established by PERFORM‐3D software to study the influence of GSPC walls on the change in structural internal forces and deformations compared with RC walls. One of these structures was selected to conduct the seismic fragility analysis based on the incremental dynamic analysis and to assess the structure's seismic performance with GSPC walls. Finally, the seismic damage prediction method was used to evaluate the damage levels of the GSPC wall structure. Results indicate that the structures with GSPC walls suffer more significant seismic forces than those with RC walls, although they experience lesser structural deformations. Moreover, GSPC walls can effectively improve the structure's collapse and seismic damage resistance.
Attraction Recommendation Based on Tourism Context Modeling and Multi‐neural Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Lei , Fei Rong , Xu Xiangrong , Li Wei
Published: June 2023

The key to generating tailored suggestions in the scenic location recommendation scene is how to model the diverse tourism environments in order to correctly acquire visitor preferences and scenic spot tourism features. However, most existing recommendation algorithms focus on the spatiotemporal background modeling of historical tourism trajectories. Only tourists' preferences are understood, and the rich heterogeneous tourism information such as tourists' personal tourism constraints and scenic spots' tourism attributes are ignored. In this paper, we proposed a multiple neural collaborative filtering attraction recommendation architecture (MNCF‐AR). To begin, we learn the tourism feature representation of tourists by modeling diverse tourism contexts, and then we create the tourism trajectory background of tourists using a large number of actual tourism logs to achieve the entire feature representation of tourists. Second, to learn the feature vector of scenic spots in the context, the tourism heterogeneous network map is used to build the scenic spot attribute background, the self‐attention network to learn the scenic spot sequence learning, and a neural network to project each scenic spot into a unified potential feature space. Finally, the multi‐neural collaborative filtering method is utilized to forecast the difference in scores between visitors and scenic sites so that tailored scenic spots may be recommended. Extensive experiments on mainstream datasets, such as MaFengwo, New York, Tokyo and Xi'an, show that the proposed method can effectively and accurately recommend attractions for users. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Barriers and facilitators to participating in Alzheimer's disease biomarker research in black and white older adults
Authors: Eliacin Johanne , Polsinelli Angelina J. , Epperson Francine , Gao Sujuan , Van Heiden Sarah , Westmoreland Glenda , Richards Ralph , Richards Mollie , Campbell Christopher , Hendrie Hugh , Risacher Shannon L. , Saykin Andrew J. , Wang Sophia
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The study examined Black and White prospective participants’ views of barriers to and facilitators of participation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research.

Methods

In a mixed‐methods study, 399 community‐dwelling Black and White older adults (age ≥55) who had never participated in AD research completed a survey about their perceptions of AD biomarker research. Individuals from lower socioeconomic and education backgrounds and Black men were over‐sampled to address perspectives of traditionally under‐represented groups. A subset of participants (n= 29) completed qualitative interviews.

Results

Most participants expressed interest in biomarker research (overall 69%). However, Black participants were comparatively more hesitant than White participants (28.9% vs 15.1%), were more concerned about study risks (28.9% vs 15.1%), and perceived multiple barriers to participating in brain scans. These results persisted even after adjusting for trust and perceived knowledge of AD. Information was a primary barrier (when absent) and incentive (when provided) for AD biomarker research participation. Black older adults desired more information about AD (eg, risk, prevention), general research processes, and specific biomarker procedures. They also desired return of results to make informed decisions about their health, research‐sponsored community awareness events, and for researchers to mitigate the burden placed on participants in research (eg, transportation, basic needs).

Conclusion

Our findings increase representativeness in the literature by focusing on individuals with no history of AD research experience and those from traditionally underrepresented groups in research. Results suggest that the research community needs to improve information sharing and raising awareness, increase their presence in the communities of underrepresented groups, reduce incidental costs, and provide valuable personal health information to participants to increase interest. Specific recommendations for improving recruitment are addressed. Future studies will assess the implementation of evidence‐based, socioculturally sensitive recruitment strategies to increase enrollment of Black older adults into AD biomarker studies.

HIGHLIGHTS

Individuals from under‐represented groups are interested in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research.

After adjusting for trust and AD knowledge, Black participants were still more hesitant.

Information is a barrier (when absent) to and incentive (when given) for biomarker studies.

Reducing burden (e.g., transportation) is essential for recruiting Black older adults.
Playful mouth‐to‐mouth interactions of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in managed care
Authors: Ham Jackson R. , Lilley Malin K. , Wincheski Riley J. , Miranda Jesus , Velarde Dediós Ángel G. , Kolodziej Katie , Pellis Sergio M. , Manitzas Hill Heather M.
Published: June 2023

Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) engage in many forms of play (e.g., object, water, locomotor), but no play is quite as curious as the unusual form of cooperative social play involving mouth‐to‐mouth interactions. These playful interactions are characterized by two belugas approaching each other head‐to‐head and interlocking their jaws, clasping one another, as if they were shaking hands. Observed in belugas both in the wild and in managed care, it is seemingly an important type of social play that offers a unique way of socializing with conspecifics. To describe this unusual behavior, a group of belugas in managed care was observed from 2007 to 2019. Although adults participated in mouth‐to‐mouth interactions, most were initiated and received by young belugas. Both males and females engaged in mouth‐to‐mouth interactions and did so at similar frequencies. Individual differences in how many mouth‐to‐mouth interactions were initiated among calves were also observed. Due to the unique, cooperative nature of mouth‐to‐mouth interactions, which require both social and motor skills, it is hypothesized that these interactions may be used to test social and motor competency.