bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Black Phosphorene Quantum Dot Modified Electrode
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Shi Fan , Wang Lisi , Zhang Siyue , Yan Lijun , Zhang Xiaoping , Sun Wei
Published: August 2023

Black phosphorene quantum dots (BPQDs) were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation and centrifugation with morphologies proved by TEM results. Furthermore, an electrochemical enzyme sensor was prepared by co-modification of BPQDs with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface of a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) for the first time. The direct electrochemical behavior of HRP was studied with a pair of well-shaped voltammetric peaks that appeared, indicating that the existence of BPQDs was beneficial to accelerate the electron transfer rate between HRP and the electrode surface. This was due to the excellent properties of BPQDs, such as small particle size, high interfacial reaction activity, fast conductivity, and good biocompatibility. The presence of BPQDs on the electrode surface provided a fast channel for direct electron transfer of HRP. Therefore, the constructed electrochemical HRP biosensor was firstly used to investigate the electrocatalytic behavior of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and potassium bromate (KBrO3), and the wide linear detection ranges of TCA and KBrO3 were 4.0–600.0 mmol/L and 2.0–57.0 mmol/L, respectively. The modified electrode was applied to the actual samples detection with satisfactory results.
Characteristic Photoprotective Molecules from the Sphagnum World: A Solution-Phase Ultrafast Study of Sphagnic Acid
Authors: Hymas Michael , Casademont-Reig Irene , Poigny Stéphane , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: August 2023

A natural UV-absorbing chromophore extracted from sphagnum mosses, sphagnic acid, is proposed as a new natural support to chemical UV filters for use in cosmetic applications. Sphagnic acid is structurally related to the cinnamate family of molecules, known for their strong UV absorption, efficient non-radiative decay, and antioxidant properties. In this study, transient electronic absorption spectroscopy is used, in conjunction with steady-state techniques, to model the photodynamics following photoexcitation of sphagnic acid in different solvent systems. Sphagnic acid was found in each system to relax with lifetimes of ~200 fs and ~1.5 ps before generating a cis-isomer photoproduct. This study helps to elucidate the photoprotective mechanism of a new potential natural support to sunscreens, from a unique plant source.
A Study of the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Acute Toxicity of Bulgarian Tanacetum vulgare L. Essential Oil
Authors: Karcheva-Bahchevanska Diana , Benbassat Niko , Georgieva Yoana , Lechkova Borislava , Ivanova Stanislava , Ivanov Kalin , Todorova Velislava , Peychev Lyudmil , Peychev Zhivko , Denev Petko
Published: August 2023

Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is a plant with medicinal properties that has traditionally been used in folk medicine for its anthelmintic, antispasmodic, and choleretic effects, for the treatment of diarrhea and digestive problems, and externally, as an insecticide in veterinary practices. In the current study, we investigated, for the first time, the chemical profile and antioxidant activity of essential oil from a wild population of T. vulgare L. growing in Bulgaria. Common tansy essential oil (EO), which is rich in bicyclic monoterpenes, was obtained using hydrodistillation and characterized by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-seven compounds were identified in Bulgarian tansy EO. Among the major constituents were oxygenated monoterpenes, including compounds such as camphor (25.24%), trans-chrysantenyl acetate (18.35%), cis-verbenol (10.58%), thujone (6.06%), eucaliptol (5.99%), and α-campholenal (5.98%). The analysis results identified the essential oil from T. vulgare L. grown in the western Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria as the camphor chemotype. Furthermore, its antioxidant activity was analyzed using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and was found to be 605.4 ± 49.3 µmol TE/mL. The essential oil was also tested for single-dose acute toxicity on Wistar rats and was found to be non-toxic by oral administration. The mean lethal dose by intraperitoneal administration was LD50 i.p. = 14.9 g/kg body weight. The results of the conducted study can serve as a basis for the evaluation and subsequent exploration of other pharmacotherapeutic effects of the essential oil obtained from the inflorescences of the Bulgarian species T. vulgare L.
Relationship between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity Evaluated In Vitro for Six Anthocyanidins Most Commonly Occurring in Edible Plants
Authors: Koss-Mikołajczyk Izabela , Bartoszek Agnieszka
Published: August 2023

Numerous studies have provided evidence that diets rich in anthocyanins show a broad spectrum of health benefits. Anthocyanins in nature are usually found in the form of glycosides. Their aglycone forms are called anthocyanidins. The chemical structure of anthocyanins is based on the flavylium cation, but they differ in the position and number of substituents. However, the bioactives and foods that contain them are frequently treated as a uniform group of compounds exhibiting the same biological activity, without paying attention to the structural differences between individual anthocyanidins. The aim of this study was to find out how structural differences impact the biological activity of the six most common dietary anthocyanidins, i.e., delphinidin (Dp), petunidin (Pt), cyanidin (Cd), malvidin (Mv), pelargonidin (Pg) and peonidin (Po). The study concentrated on redox-related phenomena and compared the following parameters: antioxidant activity (measured using various methods: spectrophotometric tests (ABTS, DPPH), ORAC assay and CAA test (cellular antioxidant activity)), the ability to inhibit growth of human colon cancer cells (HT29; determined using MTT assay), and the ability of studied compounds to protect DNA from oxidative damage (comet assay). Based on the obtained results, the relationship between the structure of studied anthocyanidins and their biological activity was assessed. The obtained results revealed that the number and position of the hydroxyl and methoxy groups in the anthocyanidin structure strongly influenced not only the color of anthocyanidins but most of all their antioxidant and biological activities.
Copper and Zinc Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bipyrazole Linkers Display Strong Antibacterial Activity against Both Gram+ and Gram− Bacterial Strains
Authors: Xhafa Sonila , Olivieri Laura , Di Nicola Corrado , Pettinari Riccardo , Pettinari Claudio , Tombesi Alessia , Marchetti Fabio
Published: August 2023

Here, we report a new synthetic protocol based on microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) for the preparation of higher yields of zinc and copper in MOFs based on different bis(pyrazolyl)-tagged ligands ([M(BPZ)]n where M = Zn(II), Cu(II), H2BPZ = 4,4′-bipyrazole, [M(BPZ-NH2)]n where M = Zn(II), Cu(II); H2BPZ-NH2 = 3-amino-4,4′-bipyrazole, and [Mx(Me4BPZPh)] where M = Zn(II), x = 1; Cu(II), x = 2; H2Me4BPZPh = bis-4′-(3′,5′-dimethyl)-pyrazolylbenzene) and, for the first time, a detailed study of their antibacterial activity, tested against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, as representative agents of infections. The results show that all MOFs exert a broad-spectrum activity and strong efficiency in bacterial growth inhibition, with a mechanism of action based on the surface contact of MOF particles with bacterial cells through the so-called “chelation effect” and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, without a significant release of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions. In addition, morphological changes were elucidated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and bacterial cell damage was further confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) test.
Theranostic Applications of 2D Graphene-Based Materials for Solid Tumors Treatment
Authors: Iannazzo Daniela , Celesti Consuelo , Giofrè Salvatore V. , Ettari Roberta , Bitto Alessandra
Published: August 2023

Solid tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, being characterized by rapid tumor growth and local and distant metastases. The failures encountered in cancer treatment are mainly related to the complicated biology of the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles-based (NPs) approaches have shown the potential to overcome the limitations caused by the pathophysiological features of solid cancers, enabling the development of multifunctional systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy and allowing effective inhibition of tumor growth. Among the different classes of NPs, 2D graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), due to their outstanding chemical and physical properties, easy surface multi-functionalization, near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and tunable biocompatibility, represent ideal nanoplatforms for the development of theranostic tools for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we reviewed the most recent advances related to the synthesis of nano-systems based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), for the development of theranostic NPs to be used for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal–chemotherapy, photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), applied to solid tumors destruction. The advantages in using these nano-systems are here discussed for each class of GBNs, taking into consideration the different chemical properties and possibility of multi-functionalization, as well as biodistribution and toxicity aspects that represent a key challenge for their translation into clinical use.
Post-Migration Changes in Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity among Adult Foreign Residents in Niigata Prefecture, Japan: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Abeywickrama Hansani Madushika , Uchiyama Mieko , Sakagami Momoe , Saitoh Aya , Yokono Tomoe , Koyama Yu
Published: August 2023

The migrant population of Japan is gradually increasing, but it is not well known how and why diet and physical activity (PA) change post-migration. Therefore, this study used a mixed-method approach to investigate the changes in dietary patterns and PA through a web- and paper-based survey (n = 128) and understand the contextual factors for those changes through semi-structured interviews (n = 21). Descriptive and thematic analyses of quantitative and qualitative data were conducted, respectively. The majority of survey (57.8%) and interview (66.7%) participants were female, and the mean duration of stay in Japan was 5 and 3.6 years, respectively. The survey revealed an increased consumption of foods attached to Japanese culture, frozen and microwavable food, and a reduced consumption of fruits. We identified environmental (availability, accessibility, and affordability of foods; food safety and diet-related information; and climate), individual (living status; post-migration lifestyle; and food preferences and limitations), or socio-cultural (relationships with Japanese people; cultural differences; and religious influences) factors that impact diet changes. Language proficiency and the duration of stay shape dietary behaviors. Determinants of PA changes were climate, lifestyle, and the influence of Japanese culture. In conclusion, immigrants in Japan experience post-migration diet and PA changes, and this study adds knowledge about how and why such changes occur.
Nutritional Support for Liver Diseases
Authors: Jamioł-Milc Dominika , Gudan Anna , Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Karolina , Hołowko-Ziółek Joanna , Maciejewska-Markiewicz Dominika , Janda-Milczarek Katarzyna , Stachowska Ewa
Published: August 2023

The liver is a key organ that is responsible for the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and the absorption and storage of micronutrients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases at various stages of advancement in the world population is significant. Due to the physiological function of the liver, its dysfunction can lead to malnutrition and sarcopenia, and the patient’s nutritional status is an important prognostic factor. This review discusses key issues related to the diet therapy of patients with chronic liver diseases, as well as those qualified for liver transplantation and in the postoperative period.
Factors Associated with Poor Olfaction and Olfactory Decline in Older Adults in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study
Authors: Shrestha Srishti , Zhu Xiaoqian , Kamath Vidyulata , Sullivan Kevin J. , Deal Jennifer A. , Sharrett A. Richey , Schneider Andrea L. C. , Palta Priya , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Windham B. Gwen , Mosley Thomas H. , Griswold Michael E. , Chen Honglei
Published: August 2023

Olfactory function has significant implications for human health, but few risk factors for olfactory decline have been identified. We examined the factors associated with olfactory status and decline over five years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Neurocognitive Study. A 12-item odor identification test was used to assess olfaction in 6053 participants in 2011–2013 (ARIC visit 5, mean age: 75.6, 41% male, 23% Black race) and in 3235 participants in 2016–2017 (visit 6). We used Poisson regression models to examine cross-sectional associations of a range of potential factors with the total odor identification errors (mean errors: 2.8 ± 2.4) in visit 5 participants. We used mixed-effect Poisson regression to examine associations with olfactory decline between visits 5 and 6. We also examined associations with visit 5 anosmia prevalence (847 cases, 14%) and incident anosmia between the two visits (510 cases, 16%) using Poisson models. Older age, male sex, lower education, Black race, APOE ε4 alleles, and diabetes were associated with higher odor identification errors and higher anosmia prevalence, and greater physical activity and hypertension with better olfaction. Age, male sex, lower education, Black race, APOE ε4 allele, and vitamin B12 levels were associated with incident anosmia over 5 years. Older age was associated with faster olfactory decline. Future studies with longer follow-ups are warranted.
Interactions between Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Dairy Foods and the Gut Microbiota Influence Cardiovascular Health in an Australian Population
Authors: Choo Jocelyn M. , Murphy Karen J. , Wade Alexandra T. , Wang Yanan , Bracci Ella L. , Davis Courtney R. , Dyer Kathryn A. , Woodman Richard J. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Rogers Geraint B.
Published: August 2023

The impact of a Mediterranean diet on the intestinal microbiome has been linked to its health benefits. We aim to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods on the gut microbiome in Australians at risk of cardiovascular disease. In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 34 adults with a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg and with risk factors for cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet with 3–4 daily serves of dairy foods (Australian recommended daily intake (RDI) of 1000–1300 mg per day (MedDairy)) or a low-fat (LFD) control diet. Between each 8-week diet, participants underwent an 8-week washout period. Microbiota characteristics of stool samples collected at the start and end of each diet period were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. MedDairy-associated effects on bacterial relative abundance were correlated with clinical, anthropometric, and cognitive outcomes. No change in the overall faecal microbial structure or composition was observed with either diet (p > 0.05). The MedDairy diet was associated with changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa, including an increase in Butyricicoccus and a decrease in Colinsella and Veillonella (p < 0.05). Increases in Butyricicoccus relative abundance over 8 weeks were inversely correlated with lower systolic blood pressure (r = −0.38, p = 0.026) and positively correlated with changes in fasting glucose levels (r = 0.39, p = 0.019), specifically for the MedDairy group. No significant associations were observed between the altered taxa and anthropometric or cognitive measures (p > 0.05). Compared to a low-fat control diet, the MedDairy diet resulted in changes in the abundance of specific gut bacteria, which were associated with clinical outcomes in adults at risk of CVD.
Development of Gut Microbiota in the First 1000 Days after Birth and Potential Interventions
Authors: Pantazi Alexandru Cosmin , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Mihai Cristina Maria , Chisnoiu Tatiana , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Kassim Mustafa Ali Kassim , Mihai Larisia , Frecus Corina Elena , Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Lupu Ancuta , Andrusca Antonio , Ionescu Constantin , Cuzic Viviana , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: August 2023

The first 1000 days after birth represent a critical window for gut microbiome development, which is essential for immune system maturation and overall health. The gut microbiome undergoes major changes during this period due to shifts in diet and environment. Disruptions to the microbiota early in life can have lasting health effects, including increased risks of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and obesity. Maternal and environmental factors during pregnancy and infancy shape the infant gut microbiota. In this article, we will review how maintaining a healthy gut microbiome in pregnancy and infancy is important for long-term infant health. Furthermore, we briefly include fungal colonization and its effects on the host immune function, which are discussed as part of gut microbiome ecosystem. Additionally, we will describe how potential approaches such as hydrogels enriched with prebiotics and probiotics, gut microbiota transplantation (GMT) during pregnancy, age-specific microbial ecosystem therapeutics, and CRISPR therapies targeting the gut microbiota hold potential for advancing research and development. Nevertheless, thorough evaluation of their safety, effectiveness, and lasting impacts is crucial prior to their application in clinical approach. The article emphasizes the need for continued research to optimize gut microbiota and immune system development through targeted early-life interventions.
Exploring the Effects of Short-Term Daily Intake of Nitraria retusa Tea on Lipid Profile: A Pre-Post, Uncontrolled Pilot Study in Both Healthy and Overweight/Obese Adults
Authors: Laouani Aicha , Nasrallah Hana , Sassi Awatef , Ferdousi Farhana , Kalai Feten Zar , Hasni Yosra , Limem Khalifa , Isoda Hiroko , Saguem Saad
Published: August 2023

In the present study, we aimed to explore the feasibility, compliance, and potential benefits of Nitraria retusa extract (NRE) intervention in both healthy (BMI ≤ 24.9 Kg/m2) and overweight/obese adults (BMI > 25 Kg/m2). A total of 98 participants, including 37 healthy individuals and 61 overweight/obese adults, were randomly assigned to either a low-dose (500 mg/day) or a high-dose (2000 mg/day) NRE intervention group. Plasma lipid biomarkers, liver and kidney functions, general hematology, and blood glucose levels were measured at the baseline and 10 days after intervention. While the lipid profile of the healthy participants did not show any statistically significant changes, the obese participants in the high-dose group experienced a significant decrease in triglyceride levels (within-group difference p value = 0.004) and an increase in HDL levels (within-group p value < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in other parameters, indicating that NRE at the given doses was safe. Furthermore, the study had impressive compliance and acceptability, with over 90% of participants completing the intervention and diligently following the study protocol. This pilot study represents the first investigation into the feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits of NRE intervention on lipid profiles in human volunteers.
Food Allergens: When Friends Become Foes—Caveats and Opportunities for Oral Immunotherapy Based on Deactivation Methods
Authors: Gil M. Victoria , Fernández-Rivera Nuria , Pastor-Vargas Carlos , Cintas Pedro
Published: August 2023

Food allergies represent a serious health concern and, since the 1990s, they have risen gradually in high-income countries. Unfortunately, the problem is complex because genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may be collectively involved. Prevention and diagnoses have not yet evolved into efficacious therapies. Identification and control of allergens present in edible substances hold promise for multi-purpose biomedical approaches, including oral immunotherapy. This review highlights recent studies and methods to modify the otherwise innocuous native proteins in most subjects, and how oral treatments targeting immune responses could help cancel out the potential risks in hypersensitive individuals, especially children. We have focused on some physical methods that can easily be conducted, along with chemo-enzymatic modifications of allergens by means of peptides and phytochemicals in particular. The latter, accessible from naturally-occurring substances, provide an added value to hypoallergenic matrices employing vegetal wastes, a point where food chemistry meets sustainable goals as well.
Intermittent Fasting and Its Effects on Weight, Glycemia, Lipids, and Blood Pressure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Naous Elie , Achkar Angela , Mitri Joanna
Published: August 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a significant public health concern globally. Weight managementis crucial in controlling MetS risk factors, making energy balance and weight loss strategies important in nutrition recommendations. Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained traction as a dietary approach for weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, the effects of IF on cardiovascular risk factors have been inconsistent in previous studies. This review aims to summarize the effects of various types of IF on body mass index (BMI), glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure, while providing insights into their clinical implications. A comprehensive search of interventional studies and meta-analyses was conducted, and the results were analyzed. The findings indicate that different types of IF lead to mixed effects. Time-restricted eating (TRE) and alternate-day fasting (ADF) consistently showed decreases in BMI, while the outcomes of intermittent energy restriction (IER) were more uncertain. The effects of IF on glycemia and lipid profile were also variable, with TRE and ADF generally showing positive results. However, the impact of IER remained inconsistent. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects and optimal implementation of IF for managing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors.
Toward Precision Weight-Loss Dietary Interventions: Findings from the POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Qi Lu , Heianza Yoriko , Li Xiang , Sacks Frank M. , Bray George A.
Published: August 2023

The POUNDS Lost trial is a 2-year clinical trial testing the effects of dietary interventions on weight loss. This study included 811 adults with overweight or obesity who were randomized to one of four diets that contained either 15% or 25% protein and 20% or 40% fat in a 2 × 2 factorial design. By 2 years, participants on average lost from 2.9 to 3.6 kg in body weight in the four intervention arms, while no significant difference was observed across the intervention arms. In POUNDS Lost, we performed a series of ancillary studies to detect intrinsic factors particular to genomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic markers that may modulate changes in weight and other cardiometabolic traits in response to the weight-loss dietary interventions. Genomic variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on obesity, type 2 diabetes, glucose and lipid metabolisms, gut microbiome, and dietary intakes have been found to interact with dietary macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrates) in relation to weight loss and changes of body composition and cardiometabolic traits. In addition, we recently investigated epigenomic modifications, particularly blood DNA methylation and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). We reported DNA methylation levels at NFATC2IP, CPT1A, TXNIP, and LINC00319 were related to weight loss or changes of glucose, lipids, and blood pressure; we also reported thrifty miRNA expression as a significant epigenomic marker related to changes in insulin sensitivity and adiposity. Our studies have also highlighted the importance of temporal changes in novel metabolomic signatures for gut microbiota, bile acids, and amino acids as predictors for achievement of successful weight loss outcomes. Moreover, our studies indicate that biochemical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors such as physical activity, sleep disturbance, and appetite may also modulate metabolic changes during dietary interventions. This review summarized our major findings in the POUNDS Lost trial, which provided preliminary evidence supporting the development of precision diet interventions for obesity management.
Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Transport of Bovine Lactoferrin Using Pectin- and Chitosan-Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Xudong , Bunt Craig , Liu Mengyang , Quek Siew-Young , Shaw John , Cornish Jillian , Wen Jingyuan
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this project is to use pectin- and chitosan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for bovine lactoferrin to enhance its cellular uptake and transport. Methods: Solid lipid particles containing bovine lactoferrin (bLf) were formulated through the solvent evaporation technique, incorporating stearic acid along with either chitosan or pectin modification. bLf cellular uptake and transport were evaluated in vitro using the human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cell model. Results and Discussion: The bLf-loaded SLPs showed no significant effect on cytotoxicity and did not induce apoptosis within the eight-hour investigation. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that bLf follows the receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas the primary mechanism for the cellular uptake of SLPs was endocytosis. The bLf-loaded SLPs had significantly more cellular uptake compared to bLf alone, and it was observed that this impact varied based on the time, temperature, and concentration. Verapamil and EDTA were determined to raise the apparent permeability coefficients (App) of bLf and bLf-loaded SLPs. Conclusion: This occurred because they hindered efflux by interacting with P-glycoproteins and had a penetration-enhancing influence. These findings propose the possibility of an additional absorption mechanism for SLPs, potentially involving active transportation facilitated by the P-glycoprotein transporter in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that SLPs have the potential to be applied as effective carriers to improve the oral bioavailability of proteins and peptides.
Application of Bio-Fertilizers Improves Forage Quantity and Quality of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Intercropped with Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Sadafzadeh Elnaz , Javanmard Abdollah , Amani Machiani Mostafa , Sofo Adriano
Published: August 2023

In recent years, application of bio-fertilizers (BFs) in intercropping systems has become known as one of the main sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for improving the quantity and quality of forage crops. In order to evaluate the forage quantity and quality of sorghum intercropped with soybean, a two-year field experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was different cropping patterns including soybean monocultures with densities of 40 and 50 plants m−2 (G40 and G50), sorghum monocultures with densities of 10 and 15 plants m−2 (S10 and S15) and intercropping of two plants with the mentioned densities. The second factor was non-application (control) and application of bio-fertilizers. The results demonstrated that the highest dry forage yield of sorghum (21.22 t ha−1) was obtained in monoculture conditions with density of 15 plants m−2 and inoculation with bio-fertilizer (S15+BF). The maximum crude protein (CP = 149.6 g kg−1 DM), ash (113.2 g kg−1 DM), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC = 251.16 g kg−1 DM), dry matter intake (DMI = 26.83 g kg−1 of body weight), digestible dry matter (DDM = 668.01 g kg−1 DM), total digestible nutrients (TDN = 680.42 g kg−1 DM), relative feed value (RFV = 142.98%) and net energy for lactation (NEL = 1.625 Mcal kg−1) were observed in the intercropping of S10G50 inoculated with BF. Interestingly, application of bio-fertilizers enhanced the content of CP, ash, WSC, DMI, DDM, TDN, RFV and NEL by 7.5, 8, 11.7, 3.6, 2.3, 12.3, 5.9 and 3.5% when compared with the control (non-application of bio-fertilizers). In all intercropping patterns, the total land equivalent ratio (LER) value was greater than one, representing the advantage of these cropping patterns in comparison with sorghum monoculture. The highest total LER was recorded in the intercropping of S15G40 and S10G50 following application of BF. Additionally, the highest monetary advantage index (MAI) was calculated in the intercropping of S15G40+BF. Generally, it can be concluded that the intercropping of S10G50 along with bio-fertilizer inoculation could be suggested as an eco-friendly strategy for improving the forage quantity and quality under low-input conditions.
Callus Derived from Petals of the Rosa hybrida Breeding Line 15R-12-2 as New Material Useful for Fragrance Production
Authors: Lee Ka Youn , Shin Ju Young , Ahn Myung Suk , Kim Se Jin , An Hye Ryun , Kim Yae Jin , Kwon O Hyeon , Lee Su Young
Published: August 2023

Rose (Rosa hybrida) is a major flower crop worldwide and has long been loved for its variety of colors and scents. Roses are mainly used for gardening or cutting flowers and are also used as raw materials for perfumes, cosmetics, and food. Essential oils, which are extracted from the flowers of plants, including roses, have various scents, and the essential oil market has been growing steadily owing to the growing awareness of the benefits of natural and organic products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that stably supplies raw materials with uniform ingredients in line with the continuous increase in demand. In this study, conditions for the efficient induction of callus were established from the petals of the rose breeding line 15R-12-2, which has a strong scent developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration. The highest callus induction rate (65%) was observed when the petals of the fully open flower (FOF) were placed on the SH11DP medium so that the abaxial surface was in contact with the medium. In addition, the VOCs contained in the petals of 15R-12-2 and the petal-derived callus were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Thirty components, including esters and alcohols, were detected in the petal-derived callus. Among them, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, which showed 59.01% relative content when extracted with hexane as a solvent, was the same component as detected in petals. Therefore, petal-derived callus is expected to be of high industrial value and can be suggested as an alternative pathway to obtaining VOCs.
Development of a Low-Shrinkage-Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composite Based on Heavily Doped Zeolites
Authors: Wang Yue , Guo Rongxin , Guan Dian , Luo Zhiqiang , Zhang Ziqi , Lin Runsheng
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing utilization of lightweight engineered cementitious composites (LECC) for the reinforcement and restoration of contemporary building structures. This study focuses on the incorporation of zeolite, serving as an internal reservoir for moisture maintenance, and examines its impact on various performance indicators, including apparent density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and autogenous shrinkage. Additionally, the influence of zeolite on the tensile and ductile properties of LECC is elucidated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that the addition of zeolite enables the preservation of excellent mechanical properties of LECC while further reducing its density. Notably, the introduction of a substantial amount of zeolite leads to a decrease in matrix density, average crack width, and ultimate tensile strain. The ultimate tensile strain exceeds 8% to reach 8.1%, while the decrease in compressive and tensile strengths is marginal. Zeolite’s internal curing capability facilitates the complete hydration of unhydrated cement, concurrently alleviating the autogenous shrinkage of LECC. Consequently, the durability and reliability of the material are enhanced. The ability of zeolite, with its porous framework structure, to significantly improve the ultimate tensile strain of the matrix can be attributed to the amplified occurrence of active defects and a shift in the pull-out mode of PE fibers from “pull-out” to “pull-through”. This study presents a promising alternative material in the field of engineering, holding potential for diverse building and infrastructure projects, as it enhances their durability and reliability.
Preparation of Dissolving Pulp by Combined Mechanical and Deep Eutectic Solvent Treatment
Authors: Li Xincai , Chen Jiachuan , Wang Baobin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Kai , Yang Guihua
Published: August 2023

Grasses are potential candidate to replace wood as a raw material for pulping and paper making, and several processes have been developed to produce grass pulp. In this study, wheat straw was used as raw material, and the possibility of sequential treatment with a mechanical method and deep eutectic solvent (DES) to prepare high-quality dissolving pulp was explored. Firstly, the wheat straw was mechanically treated, and then the wheat straw was delignified using a choline chloride–lactic acid deep eutectic solvent. The results showed that the optimal treatment conditions of deep eutectic solvent were 110 °C, 6 h, and a solid–liquid ratio (ratio of pulp to DES) of 1:40. The removal rate of lignin was 82.92%, the glucose content of pulp was increased by 11.42%. The DES recovery rate was further calculated, and the results showed that the DES recovery rate was more than 50% with rotary evaporation. The pulp viscosity after bleaching was 472 mL/g, and the α-cellulose accounted for 81.79%. This treatment has advantages in biomass refining, and the total utilization rate of wheat straw reaches 72%. This study confirmed that combined mechanical and deep eutectic solvent treatment can effectively remove lignin from wheat straw to produce high-quality wheat straw dissolving pulp.
Re-Assemblable, Recyclable, and Self-Healing Epoxy Resin Adhesive Based on Dynamic Boronic Esters
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Song Zhiguo , Lv Benrong , Qiu Zumin
Published: August 2023

Thermosetting adhesives are commonly utilized in various applications. However, covalent cross-linked networks prevent thermosetting adhesives from being re-assembled, which necessitates higher machining precision. Additionally, the primary raw materials used in adhesive preparation are derived from non-renewable petroleum resources, which further constrain adhesive development. In this study, a recyclable adhesive was developed by incorporating dynamic boronic esters into epoxy resin derived from soybean oil. The successful synthesis of epoxidized soybean oil and boronic esters was confirmed through the analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and differential scanning calorimetry results. Swelling tests and tensile curves demonstrated the presence of covalently cross-linked networks. Self-healing and reprocessing experiments indicated that the cross-linked network topology could be re-assembled under mild conditions.
Controlling Shear Rate for Designable Thermal Conductivity in Direct Ink Printing of Polydimethylsiloxane/Boron Nitride Composites
Authors: Xiao Bing , Zheng Xinmei , Zhao Yang , Huang Bingxue , He Pan , Peng Biyou , Chen Gang
Published: August 2023

Efficient heat dissipation is vital for advancing device integration and high-frequency performance. Three-dimensional printing, famous for its convenience and structural controllability, facilitates complex parts with high thermal conductivity. Despite this, few studies have considered the influence of shear rate on the thermal conductivity of printed parts. Herein, polydimethylsiloxane/boron nitride (PDMS/BN) composites were prepared and printed by direct ink writing (DIW). In order to ensure the smooth extrusion of the printing process and the structural stability of the part, a system with 40 wt% BN was selected according to the rheological properties. In addition, the effect of printing speed on the morphology of BN particles during 3D printing was studied by XRD, SEM observation, as well as ANSYS Polyflow simulation. The results demonstrated that increasing the printing speed from 10 mm/s to 120 mm/s altered the orientation angle of BN particles from 78.3° to 35.7°, promoting their alignment along the printing direction due to the high shear rate experienced. The resulting printed parts accordingly exhibited an impressive thermal conductivity of 0.849 W∙m−1∙K−1, higher than the 0.454 W∙m−1∙K−1 of the control sample. This study provides valuable insights and an important reference for future developments in the fabrication of thermal management devices with customizable thermal conductivity.
God as “The Highest and Most Elevated Thing”: Contributions to the Theological, Phenomenological Interpretations of God-Experiences in Heidegger, Conrad-Martius, and Stein
Authors: Jani Anna
Published: August 2023

Maybe the most divisive topic of the Heideggerian reception is whether the question of God is part of the disclosure of being in Heidegger’s thinking, or if Heidegger rather obscures the phenomenological inquiry on God by way of his questions on being and his reinterpretation of the meaning of being as historical beyng. It is not accidental that Hedwig Conrad-Martius, the contemporary of Heidegger, writes in her critique on Being and Time that it is “like when, with tremendous force of wise prudence and unflagging tenacity, a door that has been closed for a long time and is almost impossible to open is blown open and then immediately slammed shut again, locked, and barricaded so tightly that it seems impossible to open it again.” (Cf. Heideggers ‘Sein und Zeit’). Unfortunately, the different stages of Heidegger’s thinking do not help further clarify the question of whether it is a conscious program of Heideggerian thinking to involve theological questions into the fundamental ontological analysis of being, if it follows from his theological background and from the relation to theology (as a positivistic science in Heidegger’s sense), or if that he includes theological knowledges into his thinking and shows a critical turn against the theological statements. Heidegger’s reflections on his own thinking in relation to theological questions and his influence on the Munich–Göttingen Phenomenology raises the present argumentation for the common phenomenological interpretation of God-Experiences.
Thomas Müntzer and the World to Come
Authors: Petterson Christina
Published: August 2023

This article examines the figure of Thomas Müntzer in Marxist historiography, as well as the “utopianisation” of Müntzer in Ernst Bloch’s 1921 study on Thomas Müntzer as Theologian of the Revolution. I review some of the differences in Martin Luther and Müntzer in their competing views for the future after the break from Rome, and the theological thrust of Müntzer’s vision. This is then connected with elements from Bloch’s Müntzer, chiefly focussing on spirit and history.
Balancing Differences through Highlighting the Common: Religious Education Teachers’ Perceptions of the Diversity of Islam in Islamic Religious Education in Finnish State Schools
Authors: Putkonen Niina , Poulter Saila
Published: August 2023

Muslims are Finland’s largest and fastest-growing religious minority. In Finnish state schools, the number of pupils studying Islamic religious education (IRE) has almost doubled in a decade, and IRE has its own national curriculum, which is based on the general principles of Islam. Pupils are diverse in terms of their languages, cultures, ethnicities and in their religious and worldview backgrounds, religious diversity being reflected in the religious education curriculum content in which the diversity of Islam is addressed. In this study, we examine the diversity of Islam in IRE. The research results are based on interviews with IRE teachers (N = 17) working in comprehensive schools in the capital region of Finland, and we use data-driven content analysis to explore teachers’ perceptions. This study shows that IRE teachers use balancing pedagogical tools in order to deal with the diversity of Islam. According to the findings of our study, dealing with this diversity in religious education requires a dialogicity that both highlights and blurs differences related to diversity. Religion-related dialogue in IRE provides an arena for a balanced discussion about religious differences as well as what they have in common.
“Lamp and Candle”: Classical Chinese Imagery in Taixu’s Poetry
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2023

Taixu 太虛 (1890–1947), a prominent figure in modern Chinese Buddhism, produced a voluminous collection of poetry abounding with diverse classical Chinese images. Notably, the “lamp and candle” (dengzhu 燈燭) holds great significance, reflecting Taixu’s personal affinity with this imagery and an intimate connection to classical Chinese poetry. Acting as a potent Buddhist metaphor, it encapsulates multifaceted sentiments while also intertwining with other evocative images, such as the boat, the moon, and falling leaves. Symbolizing Taixu’s unwavering spirit, it represents his profound dedication to his craft. This article explores Taixu’s literary achievements as a poet by focusing on his adept utilization of “lamp and candle” imagery, complementing the study of his multifaceted and intricate identities. This detailed examination offers novel insights into Chinese literature and Buddhist studies, highlighting the interplay between spiritual practice and artistic expression.
Estimation of Aerosol Layer Height from OLCI Measurements in the O2A-Absorption Band over Oceans
Authors: Jänicke Lena Katharina , Preusker Rene , Docter Nicole , Fischer Jürgen
Published: August 2023

The aerosol layer height (ALH) is an important parameter that characterizes aerosol interaction with the environment. An estimation of the vertical distribution of aerosol is necessary for studies of those interactions, their effect on radiance and for aerosol transport models. ALH can be retrieved from satellite-based radiance measurements within the oxygen absorption band between 760 and 770 nm (O2A band). The oxygen absorption is reduced when light is scattered by an elevated aerosol layer. The Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) has three bands within the oxygen absorption band. We show a congruent sensitivity study with respect to ALH for dust and smoke cases over oceans. Furthermore, we developed a retrieval of the ALH for those cases and an uncertainty estimation by applying linear uncertainty propagation and a bootstrap method. The sensitivity study and the uncertainty estimation are based on radiative transfer simulations. The impact of ALH, aerosol optical thickness (AOT), the surface roughness (wind speed) and the central wavelength on the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance is discussed. The OLCI bands are sufficiently sensitive to ALH for cases with AOTs larger than 0.5 under the assumption of a known aerosol type. With an accurate spectral characterization of the OLCI O2A bands better than 0.1 nm, ALH can be retrieved with an uncertainty of a few hundred meters. The retrieval of ALH was applied successfully on an OLCI dust and smoke scene. The found ALH is similar to parallel measurements by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). OLCI’s high spatial resolution and coverage allow a detailed overview of the vertical aerosol distribution over oceans.
A Fast Matching Method for the SAR Images with Large Viewing Angles Based on Inertial Navigation Information and Neighborhood Structure Consensus
Authors: Yan He , Zhao Rui , Wu Chen , Wu Di , Zhang Gong , Wang Ling , Zhu Daiyin
Published: August 2023

In the field of multi-view SAR target location, the greater the difference in viewing angles, the higher the target location accuracy. However, this makes it difficult to match the same target between the SAR images with different viewing angles. The performance of traditional SAR image-matching algorithms will deteriorate or even fail to match the images correctly when the viewing angle is gradually increased. To solve this problem, a fast SAR matching method for the SAR images with large viewing angles based on inertial navigation information and neighborhood structure consensus (ININSC) is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the key targets are detected in the SAR images by using the maximum connected domain algorithm and the K-means clustering algorithm, and the connected domain centroid of the target is taken as a feature point. The approximate position of the key targets after the viewing angle change is found through inertial navigation information, and then accurate and fast matching is achieved by using the consensus of the neighborhood topological structure of the key targets. The measured data sets demonstrate that compared with traditional SAR image-matching algorithms, the proposed ININSC algorithm solves such a problem that SAR images cannot be accurately matched under the differences at large viewing angles and has better robustness and timeliness.
Dimensionality Reduction and Anomaly Detection Based on Kittler’s Taxonomy: Analyzing Water Bodies in Two Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Marinho Giovanna Carreira , Júnior Wilson Estécio Marcílio , Dias Mauricio Araujo , Eler Danilo Medeiros , Negri Rogério Galante , Casaca Wallace
Published: August 2023

Dimensionality reduction is one of the most used transformations of data and plays a critical role in maintaining meaningful properties while transforming data from high- to low-dimensional spaces. Previous studies, e.g., on image analysis, comparing data from these two spaces have found that, generally, any study related to anomaly detection can achieve the same or similar results when applied to both dimensional spaces. However, there have been no studies that compare differences in these spaces related to anomaly detection strategy based on Kittler’s Taxonomy (ADS-KT). This study aims to investigate the differences between both spaces when dimensionality reduction is associated with ADS-KT while analyzing a satellite image. Our methodology starts applying the pre-processing phase of the ADS-KT to create the high-dimensional space. Next, a dimensionality reduction technique generates the low-dimensional space. Then, we analyze extracted features from both spaces based on visualizations. Finally, machine-learning approaches, in accordance with the ADS-KT, produce results for both spaces. In the results section, metrics assessing transformed data present values close to zero contrasting with the high-dimensional space. Therefore, we conclude that dimensionality reduction directly impacts the application of the ADS-KT. Future work should investigate whether dimensionality reduction impacts the ADS-KT for any set of attributes.