bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signalling Behaviour and Bank Provisioning Policies in Nigeria: The Conditional Effect of the IFRS Adoption and Solvency Risk
Authors: Salami Abdulai Agbaje , Uthman Ahmad Bukola , Abdulrauf Lukman Adebayo-Oke
Published: February 2022

Purpose of the article: Based on the propositions of the signalling hypothesis and prospect theory, this study examined the extent of attempt by Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs) to solve the issue of adverse selection via signalling their financial prospects using loan loss provisions (LLPs). The empirical test was subject to the DMBs’ riskiness and changes in the accounting rule given failure of a number DMBs and the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) respectively in Nigeria in the recent past.Methodology: Bank-level unbalanced panel datasets of a sample 16 DMBs, which are related to the variables of the study, were hand-extracted from their annual reports and account between 2007 and 2017. The analysis was conducted using the Prais-Winsten regression correlated with panel corrected standard errors (PCSE-PW) owing to the presence of heteroscedastic and autocorrelated residuals in the study’s regression models.Scientific aim: The study examined the relationship between LLPs and one-year-ahead changes in earnings before taxes and LLPs to establish whether Nigerian DMBs signal their financial strength via LLPs.Findings: The study largely found that Nigerian DMBs, regardless of accounting regime and risk of insolvency, do not use LLPs to signal their financial strength. However, where the evidence of signalling via LLPs was evident the coefficient of earnings signalling was insignificant, where it was significant signalling was achievable via discretionary LLPs (DLLP) rather than actual LLPs (TLLP) suggesting manipulative provisioning in the use of LLPs to signal.Conclusions: The study’s findings included empirical communication alerts to the regulators and Nigerian DMBs on the need for improvement in earnings signalling, as the present scenario may be interpreted as a sign of a non-going concern by analytical stakeholders. Limits of research: The generalisation of the study’s findings may be limited by the focus on one regime (IAS 39) of IFRS loan loss reporting but mitigated by the partial implementation of the second regime (IFRS 9) for the first four years in the country.
Psychometric Properties of Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report Among Chinese Students With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Xu Tianxi , Qian Xueqin , Rifenbark Graham G. , Shogren Karrie A. , Hagiwara Mayumi
Published: February 2022

This study explores the psychometric properties of Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and without disabilities in China. The paper-and-pencil version of SDI:SR Chinese Translation (SDI:SR Chinese) was used to explore self-determination across students with IDD (n = 245) and students without disabilities (n = 315) from 16 schools across six cities in China. We examined the factor structure of the measure, conducted analysis of measurement invariance, and compared the latent means across students with IDD and without disabilities. Findings suggest that the data fit a one-factor model better than a three-factor model. We found greater variability in self-determination among students with IDD than students without disabilities. However, the two groups did not differ in latent means.
Automatic geographic atrophy segmentation using optical attenuation in OCT scans with deep learning
Authors: Chu Zhongdi , Wang Liang , Zhou Xiao , Shi Yingying , Cheng Yuxuan , Laiginhas Rita , Zhou Hao , Shen Mengxi , Zhang Qinqin , de Sisternes Luis , Lee Aaron Y. , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: February 2022

A deep learning algorithm was developed to automatically identify, segment, and quantify geographic atrophy (GA) based on optical attenuation coefficients (OACs) calculated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) datasets. Normal eyes and eyes with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration were imaged with swept-source OCT using 6 × 6 mm scanning patterns. OACs calculated from OCT scans were used to generate customized composite en face OAC images. GA lesions were identified and measured using customized en face sub-retinal pigment epithelium (subRPE) OCT images. Two deep learning models with the same U-Net architecture were trained using OAC images and subRPE OCT images. Model performance was evaluated using DICE similarity coefficients (DSCs). The GA areas were calculated and compared with manual segmentations using Pearson’s correlation and Bland-Altman plots. In total, 80 GA eyes and 60 normal eyes were included in this study, out of which, 16 GA eyes and 12 normal eyes were used to test the models. Both models identified GA with 100% sensitivity and specificity on the subject level. With the GA eyes, the model trained with OAC images achieved significantly higher DSCs, stronger correlation to manual results and smaller mean bias than the model trained with subRPE OCT images (0.940 ± 0.032 vs 0.889 ± 0.056, p = 0.03, paired t-test, r = 0.995 vs r = 0.959, mean bias = 0.011 mm vs mean bias = 0.117 mm). In summary, the proposed deep learning model using composite OAC images effectively and accurately identified, segmented, and quantified GA using OCT scans.
Two-dimensional metal organic frameworks for photonic applications [Invited]
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Dongdong , Khan Karim , Shao Jian , Liu Xiaosong , Cao Rui , Ma Chunyang , Chong Fali , Tareen Ayesha Khan , Hu Feng , Mei Maofei , Sun Yan , Teng Daoxiang , Wageh S. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Shi Zhe , Zhang Han
Published: February 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted
considerable attention owing to their fascinating properties,
including ordered crystalline structures, large surface areas, and
related unique 2D properties. Moreover, 2D MOFs have been widely used
in energy, catalysis, and optoelectronic applications. However,
researchers have performed fewer investigations on photonic
applications. To remedy this gap in knowledge, recent progress in the
development of 2D MOFs for photonic applications was investigated.
First, the background and motivation of this review are introduced.
Then, the synthesis method and properties are presented, followed by
an introduction to their photonic device applications. Finally, future
research prospects and challenges in 2D MOFs for photonic applications
are proposed.
In-fibre temperature tuned fibre ring resonator for laser mode monitoring
Authors: Fuderer Liam A. , Wang Liangwei , Stuart James S. , Hedges Morgan P. , Truscott Andrew G. , Hodgman Sean S.
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate a simple design for an in-fibre Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) equivalent, constructed by splicing together two ports of a 99:1 in-fibre beamsplitter to form a fibre ring resonator (FRR). A Peltier device is used to heat a length of the fibre, which scans the resonant frequency of the FPI in a controllable manner primarily by changing the refractive index of the fibre. This allows the device to be employed in applications where a standard Fabry-Perot cavity is used, in this case for laser mode monitoring. Our FRR has a measured finesse of 123(2) and is shown to be stable over long time periods. This provides an inexpensive and simple solution for applications with low performance requirements, and with relatively minor upgrades could be used for more exacting applications such as frequency locking.
Agiles IT-Controlling
Authors: Albayrak Can Adam , Gadatsch Andreas , Haag Benedikt
Published: February 2022

Während im IT-Projektmanagement agile Methoden seit vielen Jahren in der Praxis Zuspruch finden, werden im IT-Controlling überwiegend noch klassische Methoden eingesetzt. Der Beitrag untersucht die Fragestellung, ob und wie die im IT-Controlling eingesetzten Methoden auch agilen Paradigmen folgen und Methoden des agilen IT-Projektmanagements adaptiert werden können.
Tacit knowledge in water management: a case study of Sponge City
Authors: Yao Zeyu , Bell Sarah
Published: February 2022

Sustainable, resilient urban water management is fundamental to good environmental and public health. As an interdisciplinary task, it faces enormous challenges from project complexity, network dynamics and the tacit nature of knowledge being communicated between actors involved in design, decisions and delivery. Among others, some critical and persistent challenges to the implementation of sustainable urban water management include the lack of knowledge and expertise, lack of effective communication and collaboration, and lack of shared understanding and context. Using the Chinese Sponge City programme as a case study, this paper draws on the perspectives of Polanyi and Collins to investigate the extent to which knowledge can be used and exchanged between actors. Using Collins’ conceptualisation of the terrain of tacit knowledge, the study identifies the use of relational, somatic and collective tacit knowledge (CTK) in the Sponge City pilot project. Structured interviews with 38 people working on a Sponge City pilot project provided data that was rigorously analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. The paper is original in identifying different types of tacit knowledge in urban water management, and the potential pathways for information and messages being communicated between actors. The methods and results provide the groundwork for analysing the access and mobilisation of tacit knowledge in the Sponge City pilot project, with relevance for other complex, interdisciplinary environmental projects and programmes.
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Menulis Teks Pidato Melalui Metode Kolaborasi
Authors: Widodo Suramto Tri
Published: February 2022

This study aims to improve the learning achievement of writing speech texts in Class VI Semester II SDN Kratonan No. 3 Surakarta Academic Year 2019/2020, which corresponds to Indonesian language learning on theme 7: Leadership; Sub Theme 1: Leaders Around Me on KI. 4.3 "Writing private speeches using standard vocabulary and effective sentences as a form of self-expression.". This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). With a length of research for 4 (four) months starting January to April 2020. This study's subjects were students of Class VI SDN Kratonan No. 3 Surakarta, totaling 29 students. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, test methods, performance, and documentation. The results showed that applying the collaboration method could improve the sixth-grade students' writing skills of SDN Kratonan No.3 Surakarta Academic Year 2019/2020.
El libro de Franz Rosenzweig sobre «Hegel y el Estado»
Authors: Navarrete Alonso Roberto
Published: February 2022

El trabajo trata de rehabilitar la importancia de Hegel und der Staat (1920), de Franz Rosenzweig, tanto para la comprensión del sistema rosenzweiguiano de filosofía como para la investigación sobre Hegel. En primer lugar, se da cuenta y razón de la ocupación de Rosenzweig a lo largo de su vida con el pensamiento de Hegel y se expone la evolución de su propia valoración de su obra sobre la idea hegeliana de Estado. En segundo lugar, se presenta la recepción de Hegel und der Staat entre los estudiosos de Hegel, desde algunas de las primeras reseñas del libro hasta los años setenta del siglo pasado. De este modo, se muestra la importancia de la interpretación rosenzweiguiana de la filosofía política de Hegel para liberarlo tanto de sus interpretaciones nacionalistas como de la tesis de la acomodación al Estado prusiano. Finalmente, se explica la curiosa afinidad biográfica que Rosenzweig encontró entre sí mismo y Hegel, así como su sentido filosófico.
Yme2, a putative RNA recognition motif and AAA+ domain containing protein, genetically interacts with the mitochondrial protein export machinery
Authors: Sharma Nupur , Osman Christof
Published: February 2022

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is composed of nuclear as well as mitochondrial-encoded subunits. A variety of factors mediate co-translational integration of mtDNA-encoded proteins into the inner membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mdm38 and Mba1 are ribosome acceptors that recruit the mitochondrial ribosome to the inner membrane, where the insertase Oxa1, facilitates membrane integration of client proteins. The protein Yme2 has previously been shown to be localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane and has been implicated in mitochondrial protein biogenesis, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here, we show that multiple copies of Yme2 assemble into a high molecular weight complex. Using a combination of bioinformatics and mutational analyses, we find that Yme2 possesses an RNA recognition motif (RRM), which faces the mitochondrial matrix and a AAA+ domain that is located in the intermembrane space. We further show that YME2 genetically interacts with MDM38, MBA1 and OXA1, which links the function of Yme2 to the mitochondrial protein biogenesis machinery.
High-temperature oxidation wear performance and mechanism of Cr–Mo (W)–V hot-work die steel
Authors: Shi Yuanji , Yu Linhui , Guo Xunzhong , Cheng Cheng , Zuo Pengpeng , Dai Yunzhong
Published: February 2022

Dry sliding tests for Cr–Mo (W)–V hot-work die steels were performed at 400–700 °C using a UMT-3 wear tester. The wear behavior was studied systematically to explore the general characteristics under high-temperature oxidation conditions. When a mild-to-severe oxidation wear transition occurred, the wear rate of the Cr–Mo (W)–V hot-work die steels could be divided into different stages. The wear rate in stage I remained low and increased continuously with increasing temperature in stage II. It decreased within a narrow temperature range in stage III and increased significantly at a high test temperature in stage IV. The microstructures of DM, H21, and H13 steels at 350 HV30 were observed in stage III, and the M
2C carbides were extensively analyzed. Furthermore, by examining the continuous heating transformation curves, the decrease in the wear rate in stage III was qualitatively confirmed, depending on the transformation of the M
2C carbides.
Large-scale timetabling problems with adaptive tabu search
Authors: Awad Fouad H. , Al-kubaisi Ali , Mahmood Maha
Published: February 2022

Timetabling problems are specific types of scheduling problems that deal with assigning certain events to the timeslots. This assigning is subject to certain hard constraints that should be achieved to get a feasible timetable and soft constraints that must meet as many as possible during forming a feasible schedule. This paper introduces an adaptive tabu search. Eleven benchmark datasets of the year 2002 are applied to show the effectiveness of the introduced algorithm. These datasets consist of 5-small, 5-medium, and 1-large dataset. As compared to other methods from previous works, the proposed algorithm produces excellent timetables, in comparison with the algorithms as well as the current results, the mathematical results showed the high effectiveness of the suggested algorithm. It has a minor deficit on the medium or the small problem adaptive Tabu, and the tabu search relies on the tabu list and penalty cost when the change in the penalty cost is checked; if it is still unchanged for the period of iterations (1,000 iterations), the tabu list reduces automatically by (−2); furthermore, the tabu list remains constant.
River-based and egocentric spatial orientation in Yine
Authors: Robbers Maja
Published: February 2022

In linguistic studies on spatial reference frames, South American languages are still underrepresented. This explorative study offers a qualitative discussion of strategies that were found to encode location and orientation of objects in Yine, an Amazonian language of Peru. Geocentric and egocentric frames were attested as equally dominant strategies to provide spatial information in a picture-matching task, the results of which are split by age group of speakers. Senior Yine speakers mainly used river-oriented geocentric and intrinsic frames, whereas young adult speakers relied on egocentric and intrinsic frames exclusively. Left/right/behind relators were predominantly interpreted in allocentric-intrinsic frames by speakers of both groups but egocentric-extrinsic frames also arose in spatial descriptions elicited from younger speakers.
Conflation of spatial reference frames in deaf community sign languages
Authors: Tkachman Oksana
Published: February 2022

Linguistic spatial descriptions are not purely arbitrary, but are to some extent motivated by many interactive factors. For example, whether the language community is predominantly urban or rural may motivate its reliance on relative or absolute reference frame (Dasen and Mishra 2010; Pederson 1993, 2006). This review paper contributes to Sociotopography in two ways: first, by showing that the distribution of reference frames reported in the literature corresponds to deaf community sign languages and village sign languages (thus the urban-rural differences generalize across modalities), and second, that deaf community sign languages all allow their users to employ a conflated intrinsic-relative frame, which is possibly due to affordances of the visual-manual modality (a modality-specific feature). Comparing the visual-manual and the aural-oral modalities therefore shows that some variation in spatial descriptions correlates with the environment regardless of the modality used, but also highlights modality-specific properties.
A quantitative approach to sociotopography in Austronesian languages
Authors: Pappas Leah , Holton Gary
Published: February 2022

Absolute spatial orientation systems are pervasive and diverse among Austronesian languages, and decades of research has suggested that such systems are motivated at least in part by environmental and cultural factors. In this paper, we take a quantitative approach to the study of orientation systems by presenting the results of an exploratory multifactorial analysis of spatial orientation systems across 131 Austronesian languages, representing nearly all available data on orientation systems for the family. We analyze these data using multinomial logistic regression to uncover correlations between orientation type and four predictor variables representing cultural and environmental factors: geographic distribution, economy, geography (proximity to the sea), and ruggedness of terrain. Our model suggests that while not entirely predictive of the type of orientation system, the factors geography and economy alone account for much of the variation among spatial orientation systems in our sample, supporting a “weak” form of the Sociotopographic Model (Palmer, Bill, Jonathon Lum, Jonathan Schlossberg & Alice Gaby. 2017. How does the environment shape spatial language? Evidence for sociotopography.Linguistic Typology21(3). 457–491). Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of quantitative analytical methods for exploring the relationship between culture, environment, and spatial orientation systems.
Retrospective analysis of crescent score in clinical prognosis of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Yiya , Liang Yumei , Liu Manting , Xiao Wei , Hu Xiaofang
Published: February 2022

The scoring of crescents (Cs) was recently added to the Oxford classification for IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Because of the short-term use of the C score in clinical practice, its validity and applicability need to be verified. We, retrospectively, analyzed the clinicopathological data of 144 primary IgAN patients diagnosed at our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 and with complete ≥6-month follow-up data. We found that the C score was positively correlated with the Lee’s classification in the assessment of renal pathological changes and significantly correlated with increased proteinuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed an association of C formation with IgAN prognosis, and multivariate Cox regression indicated Cs as an independent prognosis factor. The optimal proportion of Cs for prognosis prediction by the receiver operating characteristic curve was 11%. Kaplan–Meier survival curve revealed a significantly decreased renal survival rate in patients with C proportions ≥11%. Further multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the C proportion ≥11% is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of IgAN patients. Our findings demonstrate that Cs are independently related to the prognosis of patients with IgAN, and the proportion of Cs ≥11% is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes.
Expression of DNM3 is associated with good outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cheng Shao-ang , Huang Xin , Jiang Liang , Liang Qi-Lian , Hong Xiao-Cui , Yang Hai-Xia , Hu Ke-Hui , Luo Xing-Bo , Zhang Hui-Jie
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to reveal the potential value of dynamin3 (DNM3) in colorectal cancer (CRC) evaluation of clinical diagnosis and prognosis. A total of 100 tissue samples were collected from 50 patients with stages I–IV, CRC tissues (n = 50) paired with non-cancerous adjacent colorectal tissues (n = 50). The expression levels of DNM3 were detected in 50 cases of CRC tissues and 50 cases of non-cancerous adjacent colorectal tissues by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical method (IHC) was conducted to semi-quantify the expression of DNM3 protein. Results showed that the relative expression of DNM3 mRNA in CRC tissues was 0.634-fold of that in non-cancerous adjacent colorectal tissues. The positive rate of DNM3 protein in CRC tissues (42.0%) was much lower than that in non-cancerous adjacent colorectal tissues (66.0%; P < 0.05). The expression level of DNM3 protein in CRC tissues was dependent on tumor size, degree of histological differentiation, and clinical stage (P < 0.05). The expression level of DNM3 mRNA in CRC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size and pathology classification (P < 0.05). The research shows that detecting the expression of DNM3 helps in analyzing the tumor size, degree of histological differentiation, and clinical stage. Expression of DNM3 may be associated with good outcome in CRC.
The puzzle and persistence of biglaw clustering
Authors: Shill Gregory H.
Published: February 2022

Elite U.S.-based global law firms (“Biglaw” firms) concentrate in the costliest districts of superstar cities, especially two neighborhoods in Manhattan. This pattern has persisted despite both the dispersal of Biglaw clients across less-dense, lower-cost U.S. geographies and the development of telework capacity. It suggests a puzzle: law is among the occupations most conducive to remote work, yet Biglaw prior to the coronavirus pandemic required in-person work in the priciest places—meaning it paid (and continues to pay) a premium on both of its biggest expenses, wages and real estate. How might this equilibrium be explained, and what might lead it to change? This Article contends that Biglaw clustering reflects a management preference for the exploitation of proven strategies over the exploration of novel and uncertain ones—but that the pandemic telework experience is eroding this dichotomy. This analysis has direct implications for private international law (“PIL”) practice, where large-scale transactions and disputes are handled by Biglaw firms and involve significant international travel. This Article contributes to a growing literature on telework’s impacts on cities, labor markets, and industries, and is the first to extend that focus to Biglaw and PIL. A post-pandemic Biglaw embrace of dispersal via telework would destabilize standard accounts of collaboration in agglomeration economies. While the Article expresses skepticism about that outcome, it identifies a mechanism by which it might plausibly come about. Crucially, this mechanism—the replacement of an exploit vs. explore choice with two different exploit options—posits as the key driver not technology but management learning and innovation that quickened during the pandemic.
α Phase-Amplitude Tradeoffs Predict Visual Perception
Authors: Fakche Camille , VanRullen Rufin , Marque Philippe , Dugué Laura
Published: February 2022

Spontaneous α oscillations (∼10 Hz) have been associated with various cognitive functions, including perception. Their phase and amplitude independently predict cortical excitability and subsequent perceptual performance. However, the causal role of α phase-amplitude tradeoffs on visual perception remains ill-defined. We aimed to fill this gap and tested two clear predictions from the pulsed inhibition theory according to which α oscillations are associated with periodic functional inhibition. (1) High-α amplitude induces cortical inhibition at specific phases, associated with low perceptual performance, while at opposite phases, inhibition decreases (potentially increasing excitation) and perceptual performance increases. (2) Low-α amplitude is less susceptible to these phasic (periodic) pulses of inhibition, leading to overall higher perceptual performance. Here, cortical excitability was assessed in humans using phosphene (illusory) perception induced by single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over visual cortex at perceptual threshold, and its postpulse evoked activity recorded with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). We observed that prepulse α phase modulates the probability to perceive a phosphene, predominantly for high-α amplitude, with a nonoptimal phase for phosphene perception between –π/2 and –π/4. The prepulse nonoptimal phase further leads to an increase in postpulse-evoked activity [event-related potential (ERP)], in phosphene-perceived trials specifically. Together, these results show that α oscillations create periodic inhibitory moments when α amplitude is high, leading to periodic decrease of perceptual performance. This study provides strong causal evidence in favor of the pulsed inhibition theory.
Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and the prevalence of overweight or obesity in childhood
Authors: Laugesen Kristina , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Jorgensen Jens Otto L , Petersen Irene
Published: February 2022

Objective

Prenatal exposure to excess cortisol can affect postnatal metabolic health by epigenetic mechanisms. We aimed to investigate if prenatal exposure to pharmacological glucocorticoids increases the risk of overweight/obesity in childhood.

Design

A nationwide population registry-based cohort study.

Methods

We identified 383 877 children born in Denmark (2007–2012), who underwent routine anthropometric evaluation at 5–8 years of age. Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids was divided into systemic and topical glucocorticoids, cumulative systemic dose, and use by trimester. The comparison cohort included children without exposure, born to maternal never-users. Negative control exposures were used to investigate confounding from an underlying disease or unmeasured characteristics. Such exposures included children without glucocorticoid exposure born to maternal users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunotherapy during pregnancy, maternal former users of glucocorticoids, or paternal users of glucocorticoids during the pregnancy of their partner. We estimated sex-stratified adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of overweight/obesity at 5–8 years of age, as epigenetic modifications have shown to be sex-specific.

Results

In the study, 21 246 (11%) boys and 27 851 (15%) girls were overweight/obese at 5–8 years of age. Overall, neither systemic nor topical glucocorticoids were associated with overweight/obesity. In boys, high-dose systemic glucocorticoids was associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity vs the comparison cohort (aPR: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.07–1.86), prevalence: 16% vs 11%). Negative control exposures indicated robustness to confounding.

Conclusion

Overweight/obesity might be an adverse effect of prenatal exposure to high-dose systemic glucocorticoids in boys. We found no association for neither prenatal exposure to lower doses of systemic nor topical glucocorticoids. These results merit clinical attention.
Modificaciones del ambiente oral en el tratamiento con ortodoncia fija
Authors: Vera Cucchiaro Verónica Socorro , Barembaum Silvina Ruth , Azcurra Ana Isabel
Published: February 2022

Objetivo. Evaluar las condiciones del ambiente oral de distintos sectores de la boca de pacientes previo y durante el tratamiento ortodóntico. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo en 46 pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia fija. Los parámetros clínicos, microbiológicos de saliva y placa bacteriana fueron registrados antes del tratamiento (t0) y a los 45 (t1), 90 (t2) y 135 días (t3) del inicio. Resultados. Antes del tratamiento se registraron valores elevados del componente “cariados” del índice CPO-D y niveles regulares del IHOs. El 57% de los pacientes mostró apiñamiento dental inferior. Durante el tratamiento, el índice de placa ortodóntica IPO disminuyó respecto al IHOs a t0, aunque mantuvo valores no deseables para la salud bucal (p=0,001). La capacidad amortiguadora disminuyó en t1 y t2 pero recuperó los valores iniciales en t3 (p=0,001). Se aislaron Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans y Lactobacillus en todas las muestras de placa bacteriana, con un aumento significativo en el sector posterior (p<0,0001). Los niveles de S. mutans, Lactobacillus y α-amilasa salival en la placa bacteriana de la zona posterior aumentaron durante el tratamiento (p =0,0002; p=0,002 y p=0,0059, respectivamente). Conclusiones. La conjunción de factores de riesgo cariogénico, tales como apiñamiento dental, baja capacidad amortiguadora salival, altos niveles de α-amilasa y S. mutans en la placa bacteriana, altos valores de IPO y el bajo flujo salival a tiempos cortos, demuestra la importancia del monitoreo individualizado de los pacientes al inicio el tratamiento ortodóntico, en especial en los sectores bucales de difícil acceso para la higiene bucal.
Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Carmustine Wafer Implant Therapy
Authors:   Peter Tsivis, Sharobim Mark
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Gliomas are neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite aggressive treatment, median survival of malignant tumors remains poor at 12 - 18 months. Newer treatments allow delivery of therapeutic substances across the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB). This allows for chemotherapeutics to more easily reach their target location in the CNS. Drug eluting wafers made up of carmustine can be placed in the surgical resection cavity of a tumor and clinical trials to date have demonstrated their utility. Hypothesis: Bypassing the BBB to allow greater accumulation of chemotherapeutics in the CNS will improve clinical outcomes in glioma patients. Methods: Studies from medical literature databases describing trials using carmustine wafers implanted after glioma resection were obtained. To test our hypothesis, the available data using this therapy was compared to current first line treatment data for glioma as described by Stupp and colleagues. The inclusion criterion for efficacy analysis was histopathologically confirmed primary glioma. Exclusion criteria included presence of metastasis or pediatric tumors. Results: 10 studies describing wafer therapy use were initially gathered, encompassing over 500 patients. 6 studies met criteria for treatment efficacy analysis. 4 of 6 (75%) trials exhibited significant survival advantage as compared to control treatment. Furthermore, 3 of the 4 (75%) studies showing significance also demonstrated equal or higher percent increase in overall survival from control as compared to data generated from current first line therapy. Conclusion: Treatments bypassing the BBB are not currently standard-of-care for patients with glioma. We uncovered that most trials using carmustine implants post tumor resection describe increased overall survival, however in specific cohorts. Diverting the BBB in general may also have fewer side effects in contrast to classical routes of therapy. Future work is needed to develop similar therapeutics that improve outcomes in all age, gender, and prognostic risk factor populations.
A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence of Fecal Microbiota Transplant as Curative Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Lakshmi Yerramsetty Divya , Pandeya Dipendra
Published: February 2022

Hypothesis: Compared to the flawed antimicrobial interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is more efficacious and safer in offering a significant clinical resolution of recurrent Clostridioides difficile (rCDI) – the world's leading hospital-acquired infection. Methods: An electronic search using Medscape, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, limited only to articles published in academic journals with full-text access within the past ten years (2010-2020). Selection criteria consisted of quality research studies with relevant findings from patient follow-up post-FMT, considering both primary and secondary endpoints of the investigations. An evidence table was created to organize and evaluate the notable features of each source. Results: Three RCTs, two retrospective cohort studies, and two systematic reviews and meta-analyses have established that FMT is an effective alternative to standard care in treating rCDI. Multiple infusions of FMT as a monotherapy and rescue treatment demonstrated near-complete clinical resolution in patients with rCDI. Further management of rCDI with the recommended first-line agents (e.g., vancomycin and fidaxomicin) proved counterproductive to FMT in comparative studies. Conclusions: With its unappealing aesthetics and under-researched long-term implications, there is increased reluctance to FMT's regular use. Before declaring the novel procedure as the best form of medical practice, future studies should have a stronger emphasis on vancomycin and fidaxomicin to allow for the effective comparison of FMT to non-FMT treatments. Despite the existing limitations, including insufficient sample sizes, FMT has still shown overwhelming promise as a curative treatment for rCDI.
Оцінка параметрів металізації гелію
Authors: Швець В.Т. , Козицький С.В. , Швець Т.В.
Published: February 2022

Розраховано мінімальну густину, за якої гелій переходить у металічний стан. Вона становить приблизно 5 г/см3. Оцінено також температуру переходу метал–діелектрик. Вона становить приблизно 9000 K. З цією метою досліджували парну ефективну міжіонну взаємодію в гелії та його електричний опір в околі точки переходу в металічний стан. Розгляд ґрунтувався на моделі майже вільних електронів. У ролі малого параметра використовували відношення потенціалу взаємодії електронів провідності з одноразово іонізованими атомами гелію до енергії Фермі. Взаємодію між електронами враховували відповідно до дифракційної моделі металу, тобто через екранування електрон-іонної взаємодії. Обмінну взаємодію і кореляції електронів провідності враховували у наближенні локального поля.
Розрахунок критичної температури бозе-газу з далекодійними силами
Authors: Пастухов В.С.
Published: February 2022

У статті обчислено критичну температуру моделі бозе-газу зі  степеневим законом залежності потенціальної енергії попарної взаємодії від відстані між частинками. У граничних випадках результат відтворює відомі результати з літератури. У наближенні хаотичних фаз (RPA) проаналізовано параметри спектра колективних збуджень моделі та отримано довгохвильову асимптотику структурного фактора системи при температурах, вищих за температуру фазового переходу.
Метод розрахунку вільної енергії тривимірної ізингоподібної системи з врахуванням поправки на усереднення потенціалу взаємодії
Authors: Юхновський І.Р. , Козловський М.П. , Пилюк І.В.
Published: February 2022

Роботу присвячено теоретичному вивченню критичної поведінки тривимірних модельних систем. Виконано розрахунок статистичної суми та вільної енергії однокомпонентної спінової системи з використанням негаусового розподілу флуктуацій параметра порядку. Особливістю запропонованого методу розрахунку є врахування залежності фур'є-образу потенціалу взаємодії від хвильового вектора. Це приводить до відмінного від нуля критичного показника кореляційної функції η та перенормування значень інших критичних показників (кореляційної довжини, сприйнятливості тощо). Розрахунок останніх здійснено з використанням методу ренормалізаційної групи на основі отриманих у роботі рекурентних співвідношень між коефіцієнтами розподілів флуктуацій у суміжних блочних структурах.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НЕЧІТКОЇ ЛОГІКИ ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЗАДОВОЛЕНОСТІ КЛІЄНТІВ У СИСТЕМІ GOOGLE MAPS
Authors: Dzhenkova M. M. , Chernytska O. V.
Published: February 2022

Розроблено модель системи нечіткого виводу для визначення ступеня задоволеності клієнтів на основі їх відгуків. Створено програму для аналізу тексту відгуків із застосуванням нечіткої логіки. Проведено порівняння отриманих результатів з оцінками користувачів в системі Google Maps.
ФОРМУВАННЯ БАЗИ ЗНАНЬ ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ГЕЛІОСИСТЕМ
Authors: Zolotko K. Y. , Krasnoshapka D. V.
Published: February 2022

Робота присвячена формуванню бази знань експертної системи проектування геліосистем. Розглянуто математичні моделі геліосистем різних типів та надходження сонячної енергії, які є основою бази знань такої експертної системи. Розглянуто алгоритми визначення кількості енергії, що надходить від різного типу геліосистем. Наведено якісні та кількісні характеристики, які є основою такої бази знань.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СПОСОБІВ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ШВИДКОДІЇ МЕТОДІВ ВИДАЛЕННЯ ШУМУ З ЦИФРОВИХ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ
Authors: Serdiuk M. E. , Oleksiienko A. O. , Siryk S. F.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто проблема підвищення швидкодії методів обробки зображень на прикладі методів видалення шуму. Проаналізовані усереднюючі фільтри та досліджені алгоритмічні способи прискорення їх роботи. Розглянуто способи паралелізації методів фільтрації та запропоновано модифікації обробки з використанням векторних операцій. Наведено оцінки швидкодії розглянутих модифікацій методів знешумлення зображень за допомогою розробленої програмної системи.
CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF WINE TOURISM IN BULGARIA (THE EXAMPLE OF FESTIVALS OF WINE AND FOLKLORE HERITAGE)
Authors: Zheleva V. , Stoykova B.
Published: February 2022

Tourism is one of the most significant sectors, generating major economic benefits. This makes it an important part of the economy in many parts of the world.
Tourism, as a means of developing the region, is closely tied to the development of the local economy. Wine tourism, in particular, turns out to be a significant tool for the development of Bulgaria. Considering the sector’s importance, the goal of this study is to analyse the condition and development trends of this particular type of tourism in the country and in the region. The survey method includes statistical, historical, comparative-descriptive, and regional analysis. In a broader aspect, this study will contribute towards expanding the research in the field of wine tourism in Bulgaria. In this article, wine tourism is viewed as part of alternative tourism on one hand, and on the other – in this specific instance – as exhibiting the specific features of the so-called “festival tourism”. The scientific material is based on a survey conducted at a festival of wine and cultural heritage.
GAMBLERS ANONYMOUS GROUPS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – RESEARCH REPORT
Authors: Hoffmann B.
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, both in Poland and worldwide, has a huge impact on social, demographic and economic processes. The situation we are currently facing is particularly difficult because it is highly unpredictable. Isolation, breaking social relations, fear of infection and any other violation of everyday functioning may pose a serious threat to people maintaining abstinence. Virtual communication proved to be the only alternative to live face-to-face communication during the pandemic. Across the country, meetings of therapy groups have been suspended until further notice. This has led to an unprecedented situation where, out of necessity, GA had to move online. This begs the question of whether this form of contact can replace the traditional face-to-face meetings?
Előhang a kísérleti pszichológiához
Authors: Czigler István
Published: February 2022

A megismerési és affektív folyamatokat vizsgáló modern kísérleti pszichológia és humán idegtudomány kimagasló eredményei fényében a vitacikk felhívja a figyelmet több fogalmi csúsztatásra, elméleti kérdések megoldatlanságára és módszertani problémákra. A hozzászólások szerzői részben kiegészítik, részben vitatják a felvetett kérdéseket, ezekre a vitacikk szerzője válaszol.
A szociálpszichológia és határterületei a szociálpszichológia 30 éve
Authors: Hunyady György
Published: February 2022

A szociálpszichológia utóbbi három évtizede a kutatás és a publikációk határozott irányaival jellemezhető hazánkban. 1) Az első tárgykör a szociális identitás különböző (generációs, nemzeti, kulturális és nemi) aspektusait, ezen makrostrukturális csoportok viszonyait, a működő sztereotípiákat és a multikulturális nevelést öleli fel. Ezen a széles szaktudományos területen a különböző egyetemeken és kutatóintézetben folytonos fejlődés ment végbe, az elméleti megközelítések és módszertani megoldások gazdag változatossága mellett. 2) A második nagyobb tematikus egység a változások szociálpszichológiája volt, mind a „kommunizmus bukását” követő társadalmi-politikai változásokra, mind az internet és általában a kommunikációs technológia forradalmi hatásaira kitekintve. 3) A hatékony kutatómunka harmadik fontos területe a személyközi és szervezeti viselkedés dinamikája, kitüntetett figyelemmel az együttműködés és versengés kontinuumára. 4) A negyedik témakör a személyes értékekhez, ezeknek az egyéni világképben játszott szerepéhez és a nevelés révén végbemenő értékátadáshoz kötődött. Ebben az időszakban jelentős kutatásmódszertani fejlődés ment végbe, és erősödtek a szociálpszichológia és más társadalomtudományok (a nevelés-, közgazdaságés jogtudomány) közötti kapcsolatok.

The last three decades of social psychology can be characterised by specific thematic directionsin Hungary. The first direction includes different aspects of social identity (generational, national, cultural, gender), intergroup relationships between these macrostructural social groups, stereotypes and the mechanisms of the multiculturial education. The second major thematic unite encompasses the social psychology of change, both the societal-political change after the „fall ofcommunism”, and the revolutionary effects of the internet, and the technology of communcation in general. The third important field is the dynamics of the interpersonal and organizational behavior, with a special regard to the cooperation-competion continuum. The fourth trend involves the personal values, their role in the individuals’ world views, and the transmission of values via education. During this period a significant methodolodical development took place and the interdisciplinary relations strengthened among social psychology and other social sciences (especially educational science, economy and law).
The materials tetrahedron has a “digital twin”
Authors: Deagen Michael E. , Brinson L. Catherine , Vaia Richard A. , Schadler Linda S.
Published: February 2022

For over three decades, the materials tetrahedron has captured the essence of materials science and engineering with its interdependent elements of processing, structure, properties, and performance. As modern computational and statistical techniques usher in a new paradigm of data-intensive scientific research and discovery, the rate at which the field of materials science and engineering capitalizes on these advances hinges on collaboration between numerous stakeholders. Here, we provide a contemporary extension to the classic materials tetrahedron with a dual framework—adapted from the concept of a “digital twin”—which offers a nexus joining materials science and information science. We believe this high-level framework, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT), will provide stakeholders with a platform to contextualize, translate, and direct efforts in the pursuit of propelling materials science and technology forward.

Impact statement

This article provides a contemporary reimagination of the classic materials tetrahedron by augmenting it with parallel notions from information science. Since the materials tetrahedron (processing, structure, properties, performance) made its first debut, advances in computational and informational tools have transformed the landscape and outlook of materials research and development. Drawing inspiration from the notion of a digital twin, the materials–information twin tetrahedra (MITT) framework captures a holistic perspective of materials science and engineering in the presence of modern digital tools and infrastructures. This high-level framework incorporates sustainability and FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable)—factors that recognize how systems impact and interact with other systems—in addition to the data and information flows that play a pivotal role in knowledge generation. The goal of the MITT framework is to give stakeholders from academia, industry, and government a communication tool for focusing efforts around the design, development, and deployment of materials in the years ahead.

Graphic abstract
Del espacio público al lugar: deliberaciones desde el margen
Authors: Aragon Milton
Published: February 2022

El espacio público se define como un dispositivo de control y diferenciación de los sujetos en las ciudades. Lo que genera la tensión entre los mismos y los Otros, producida por los procesos de subjetivación del espacio público. Como son los lineamientos sobre el espacio público dictados por ONU-Hábitat. De ahí que se propone la profanación del espacio público producido para el éxito de las ciudades, mediante la simbolización del espacio en los lugares. Los cuales posibilitan el encuentro y el diálogo intercultural.
La okupación cultural urbana como emergente de las transformaciones post-industriales. El caso del Galpón Okupa de Rosario (Argentina)
Authors: Godoy Sebastián
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo ensaya un acercamiento al Galpón Okupa, un centro cultural producto de la ocupación de un inmueble ferroviario en la ciudad de Rosario, entre 1997 y 1998. Se intenta reconstruir el proceso de formación, organización, resistencia, visibilización y desalojo de ese centro cultural. La metodología del trabajo combina entrevistas en profundidad, fuentes periodísticas, documentos oficiales y materiales audiovisuales. La singularidad del caso radica en su papel en las definiciones culturales del frente costero de Rosario. En este trabajo se postula que, surgido de la desafectación de la interfaz ferroportuaria y clausurado por la reconversión de esa misma interfaz, el Galpón Okupa es un emergente de las transformaciones urbanas post-industriales.
La gestión de bienes comunes en áreas protegidas: conflictos en el Archipiélago de San Bernardo-Bolívar (Colombia)
Authors: Armesto Noriega Sandra
Published: February 2022

Este artículo, abordado desde una ecología política, tiene como objetivo analizar la reconfiguración en la apropiación de los recursos pesqueros de uso común por parte de la comunidad asentada en el archipiélago de San Bernardo desde mediados del siglo XIX. Desde que se insertaron en una economía de mercado y las islas fueron declaradas área protegida en (1996), sobrevinieron numerosas trasformaciones ante las que la comunidad desplegó un proyecto político - organizativo como estrategia de resistencia que busca desplazar la racionalidad científico- administrativa que predominaba cercenando el uso y el disfrute del territorio y los recursos naturales. La metodología utilizada para la recopilación de la información presentada a lo largo del texto fue de carácter cualitativo y etnográfico, aplicando técnicas como observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad.