bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative transcriptome- and DNA methylation analysis of brain tissue from the temporal pole in suicide decedents and their controls
Authors: Sha Qiong , Fu Zhen , Escobar Galvis Martha L. , Madaj Zach , Underwood Mark D. , Steiner Jennifer A. , Dwork Andrew , Simpson Norman , Galfalvy Hanga , Rozoklija Gorazd , Achtyes Eric D. , Mann J. John , Brundin Lena
Published: November 2023

Suicide rates have increased steadily world-wide over the past two decades, constituting a serious public health crisis that creates a significant burden to affected families and the society as a whole. Suicidal behavior involves a multi-factorial etiology, including psychological, social and biological factors. Since the molecular neural mechanisms of suicide remain vastly uncharacterized, we examined transcriptional- and methylation profiles of postmortem brain tissue from subjects who died from suicide as well as their neurotypical healthy controls. We analyzed temporal pole tissue from 61 subjects, largely free from antidepressant and antipsychotic medication, using RNA-sequencing and DNA-methylation profiling using an array that targets over 850,000 CpG sites. Expression ofNPAS4, a key regulator of inflammation and neuroprotection, was significantly downregulated in the suicide decedent group. Moreover, we identified a total of 40 differentially methylated regions in the suicide decedent group, mapping to seven genes with inflammatory function. There was a significant association betweenNPAS4DNA methylation andNPAS4expression in the control group that was absent in the suicide decedent group, confirming its dysregulation.NPAS4expression was significantly associated with the expression of multiple inflammatory factors in the brain tissue. Overall, gene sets and pathways closely linked to inflammation were significantly upregulated, while specific pathways linked to neuronal development were suppressed in the suicide decedent group. Excitotoxicity as well as suppressed oligodendrocyte function were also implicated in the suicide decedents. In summary, we have identified central nervous system inflammatory mechanisms that may be active during suicidal behavior, along with oligodendrocyte dysfunction and altered glutamate neurotransmission. In these processes, NPAS4 might be a master regulator, warranting further studies to validate its role as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in suicidality.
A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 review, Part 2: host extracellular to systemic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Narayanan S. Anand , Jamison David A. , Guarnieri Joseph W. , Zaksas Victoria , Topper Michael , Koutnik Andrew P. , Park Jiwoon , Clark Kevin B. , Enguita Francisco J. , Leitão Ana Lúcia , Das Saswati , Moraes-Vieira Pedro M. , Galeano Diego , Mason Christopher E. , Trovão Nídia S. , Schwartz Robert E. , Schisler Jonathan C. , Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana G. A. , Wurtele Eve Syrkin , Beheshti Afshin
Published: November 2023

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The betacoronavirus continues to evolve with global health implications as we race to learn more to curb its transmission, evolution, and sequelae. The focus of this review, the second of a three-part series, is on the biological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on post-acute disease in the context of tissue and organ adaptations and damage. We highlight the current knowledge and describe how virological, animal, and clinical studies have shed light on the mechanisms driving the varied clinical diagnoses and observations of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, we describe how investigations into SARS-CoV-2 effects have informed the understanding of viral pathogenesis and provide innovative pathways for future research on the mechanisms of viral diseases.
The estimated annual financial impact of gene therapy in the United States
Authors: Wong Chi Heem , Li Dexin , Wang Nina , Gruber Jonathan , Lo Andrew W. , Conti Rena M.
Published: November 2023

Gene therapy is a new class of medical treatment that alters part of a patient’s genome through the replacement, deletion, or insertion of genetic material. While still in its infancy, gene therapy has demonstrated immense potential to treat and even cure previously intractable diseases. Nevertheless, existing gene therapy prices are high, raising concerns about its affordability for U.S. payers and its availability to patients. We assess the potential financial impact of novel gene therapies by developing and implementing an original simulation model which entails the following steps: identifying the 109 late-stage gene therapy clinical trials underway before January 2020, estimating the prevalence and incidence of their corresponding diseases, applying a model of the increase in quality-adjusted life years for each therapy, and simulating the launch prices and expected spending of all available gene therapies annually. The results of our simulation suggest that annual spending on gene therapies will be approximately $20.4 billion, under conservative assumptions. We decompose the estimated spending by treated age group as a proxy for insurance type, finding that approximately one-half of annual spending will on the use of gene therapies to treat non-Medicare-insured adults and children. We conduct multiple sensitivity analyses regarding our assumptions and model parameters. We conclude by considering the tradeoffs of different payment methods and policies that intend to ensure patient access to the expected benefits of gene therapy.
Prediction of long-term humoral response induced by the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine against Ebola
Authors: Alexandre Marie , Prague Mélanie , McLean Chelsea , Bockstal Viki , Douoguih Macaya , Thiébaut Rodolphe ,   for the EBOVAC 1 and EBOVAC 2 Consortia, Van Effelterre Thierry , Solforosi Laura , Bockstal Viki , Dari Anna
Published: November 2023

The persistence of the long-term immune response induced by the heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo two-dose vaccination regimen against Ebola has been investigated in several clinical trials. Longitudinal data on IgG-binding antibody concentrations were analyzed from 487 participants enrolled in six Phase I and Phase II clinical trials conducted by the EBOVAC1 and EBOVAC2 consortia. A model based on ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of antibodies and short- and long-lived antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) was used to model the humoral response from 7 days after the second vaccination to a follow-up period of 2 years. Using a population-based approach, we first assessed the robustness of the model, which was originally estimated based on Phase I data, against all data. Then we assessed the longevity of the humoral response and identified factors that influence these dynamics. We estimated a half-life of the long-lived ASC of at least 15 years and found an influence of geographic region, sex, and age on the humoral response dynamics, with longer antibody persistence in Europeans and women and higher production of antibodies in younger participants.
Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis
Authors: Nett Ryan S. , Dho Yaereen , Tsai Chun , Passow Daria , Martinez Grundman Jaime , Low Yun-Yee , Sattely Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2023

Plants synthesize numerous alkaloids that mimic animal neurotransmitters1. The diversity of alkaloid structures is achieved through the generation and tailoring of unique carbon scaffolds2,3, yet many neuroactive alkaloids belong to a scaffold class for which no biosynthetic route or enzyme catalyst is known. By studying highly coordinated, tissue-specific gene expression in plants that produce neuroactive Lycopodium alkaloids4, we identified an unexpected enzyme class for alkaloid biosynthesis: neofunctionalized α-carbonic anhydrases (CAHs). We show that three CAH-like (CAL) proteins are required in the biosynthetic route to a key precursor of the Lycopodium alkaloids by catalysing a stereospecific Mannich-like condensation and subsequent bicyclic scaffold generation. Also, we describe a series of scaffold tailoring steps that generate the optimized acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of huperzine A5. Our findings suggest a broader involvement of CAH-like enzymes in specialized metabolism and demonstrate how successive scaffold tailoring can drive potency against a neurological protein target.
Simulative validation of a novel experiment carrier for the Einstein-Elevator
Authors: Sperling Richard , Raupert Marvin , Lotz Christoph , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: November 2023

In order to develop hardware that can be used in space, tests under those space conditions are often important to ensure the functionality in advance. Facilities that are used to recreate gravity conditions of space include space stations, satellites, parabolic flights and earthbound facilities. Drop towers are earthbound facilities, that can replicate the gravitational conditions of free falling in space by dropping objects. Those objects would not experience any measurable force due to gravity according to Einstein’s famous thought experiment. The Einstein-Elevator is one of the first active driven drop towers with an experiment carrier falling inside a gondola. A major indicator for the quality of the facility is the residual acceleration of the payload. With the Einstein-Elevators current setup vibrations of the experiment carrier cause measurable residual accelerations of higher than $$10^{-3}$$

10

-
3

g. To achieve the targeted 0-g-quality with a residual acceleration of less than 1 $$\mu $$
μ
g (microgravity) in the Einstein-Elevator, a new experiment carrier is required that minimizes the residual acceleration for a payload. This paper describes a design of the experiment carrier for the Einstein-Elevator that is able to reach microgravity and analyzes its functionality using FEM-simulations.
Assessing the applicability of PMOD residence times model for PET image-based radiation dosimetry
Authors: Oh Se Jong , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Ryu Young Hoon , Choi Jae Yong
Published: November 2023

The effective dose represents the overall internal radiation exposure to the whole body when exposed to radiation sources. This study aims to compare conventional and software-aided methods to derive the effective dose. In the present study, 8F-T807 and 18F-Mefway, specific radiotracers for the paired helical tau and serotonin 1A receptor, were administered to healthy subjects (n = 6, each radiotracer), following which whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained for 2 h. Subsequently, time-activity curves for major organs were obtained, and the residence times were calculated using the “conventional” and “Residence Times model” tools in PMOD software. The residence times from each method was input into OLINDA/EXM software, and the effective dose was estimated. The differences in the average residence times of the brain, heart, lung, and liver were 18.4, 20.8, 10.4, and 13.3% for 18F-T807, and 17.5, 16.4, 18.1, and 17.5% for 18F-Mefway, respectively. For the mean effective dose, the error rates between the methods were 3.8 and 1.9% for 18F-T807 and 18F-Mefway, respectively. The organs that showed the greatest difference in the absorbed dose were the urinary bladder for 18F-T807 (40.4%) and the liver for 18F-Mefway (14.1%). This method of obtaining the residence time using PMOD can be easily used to derive the effective dose, and is applicable in evaluating the safety of radiotracers for clinical trials.
Attributing Venice Acqua Alta events to a changing climate and evaluating the efficacy of MoSE adaptation strategy
Authors: Faranda Davide , Ginesta Mireia , Alberti Tommaso , Coppola Erika , Anzidei Marco
Published: November 2023

We use analogues of atmospheric patterns to investigate changes in four devastating Acqua Alta (flooding) events in the lagoon of Venice associated with intense Mediterranean cyclones occurred in 1966, 2008, 2018 and 2019. Our results provide evidence that changes in atmospheric circulation, although not necessarily only anthropogenically driven, are linked to the severity of these events. We also evaluate the cost and benefit of the MoSE system, which was designed to protect against flooding. Our analysis shows that the MoSE has already provided protection against analogues of the most extreme event, which occurred in 1966. These findings have significant implications for the future of Venice and other coastal cities facing similar challenges from rising sea levels due to extreme events. This study also provides a pathway to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation in a scenario more frequent and intense extreme events if higher global warming levels will be reached.
Opto-SICM framework combines optogenetics with scanning ion conductance microscopy for probing cell-to-cell contacts
Authors: Song Qianqian , Alvarez-Laviada Anita , Schrup Sarah E. , Reilly-O’Donnell Benedict , Entcheva Emilia , Gorelik Julia
Published: November 2023

We present a novel framework, Opto-SICM, for studies of cellular interactions in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. The approach combines scanning ion conductance microscopy, SICM, and cell-type-specific optogenetic interrogation. Light-excitable cardiac fibroblasts (FB) and myofibroblasts (myoFB) were plated together with non-modified cardiomyocytes (CM) and then paced with periodic illumination. Opto-SICM reveals the extent of FB/myoFB-CM cell-cell contacts and the dynamic changes over time not visible by optical microscopy. FB-CM pairs have lower gap junctional expression of connexin-43 and higher contact dynamism compared to myoFB-CM pairs. The responsiveness of CM to pacing via FB/myoFB depends on the dynamics of the contact but not on the area. The non-responding pairs have higher net cell-cell movement at the contact. These findings are relevant to cardiac disease states, where adverse remodeling leads to abnormal electrical excitation of CM. The Opto-SICM framework can be deployed to offer new insights on cellular and subcellular interactions in various cell types, in real-time.
Chitosan/metal organic frameworks for environmental, energy, and bio-medical applications: a review
Authors: Balakrishnan Akash , Jacob Meenu Mariam , Dayanandan Nanditha , Chinthala Mahendra , Ponnuchamy Muthamilselvi , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Appunni Sowmya , Gajendhran Adaikala Selvan
Published: November 2023

Chitosan/metal–organic frameworks (CS/MOFs) are versatile materials fabricated by conjugating the chitosan (CS) material with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The CS/MOFs exhibit diverse applications in biomedical, energy and environmental applications due to higher porosity and surface area.
High verticality vapor–liquid–solid growth of GaAs0.99Bi0.01 nanowires using Ga–Bi assisted catalytic droplets
Authors: Himwas Chalermchai , Yordsri Visittapong , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Chomdech Saharat , Pumee Wenich , Panyakeow Somsak , Kanjanachuchai Songphol
Published: November 2023

GaAsBi nanowires (NWs) are promising for optoelectronic applications in the near- and mid-infrared wavelengths due to the optical properties of the Bi-containing compound and the nanowire structure benefits.
Effect of Eu3+ doping on the structural, optical, and photoluminescent properties of LiGa5O8 phosphor
Authors: Mushtaq Umer , Kumar Vijay
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of a series of lithium gallate (LiGa5O8) phosphors doped with varying concentrations of Eu3+ ions.
A state-of-the-art liposome technology for glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Hasan Ikram , Roy Shubham , Ehexige Ehexige , Wu Runling , Chen Yu , Gao Zhengyuan , Guo Bing , Chang Chunqi
Published: November 2023

Cancer drug loading strategies with liposome-based nanomedicine for crossing the BBB and targeting the delivery of brain tumors. In vivo and in vitro models with imaging and therapeutic modalities.
Correction: Highly photoluminescent nitrogen-rich carbon dots from melamine and citric acid for the selective detection of iron(iii) ion
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Liu Ruili , Xing Xia , Yang Chongqing , Xu Yi , Wu Dongqing
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Highly photoluminescent nitrogen-rich carbon dots from melamine and citric acid for the selective detection of iron(iii) ion’ by Shaoqing Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 31884–31888, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA26521E.
Correction: Copper particle-free ink with enhanced performance for inkjet-printed flexible UWB antennas
Authors: Yang Wendong , Dong Zhichao , Guo Zihao , Sun Haoqiang
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Copper particle-free ink with enhanced performance for inkjet-printed flexible UWB antennas’ by Wendong Yang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 14429–14438, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC02515B.
A first estimate of blue carbon associated with oil & gas industry marine infrastructure
Authors: Davies Abigail J. , Hastings Astley
Published: November 2023

Oil and gas industry manmade structures (OGIMMS) in the marine environment can support thriving and biodiverse ecosystems.
Transient response improvement of half‐bridge LLC resonant converter with full‐bridge rectifier for DC microgrid
Authors: Ma Lan , Cao Xiaoqi , Fu Rui , Zhou Tao , Shu Zeliang
Published: November 2023

LLC resonant converter has the features of low noise, high efficiency and power density, which is suitable to be integrated into DC microgrid. Due to severe stresses in the resonant tank, achieving fast and safe transient performance has been challenging for resonant converters. With less switch number and voltage stress, half‐bridge LLC resonant converter with full‐bridge rectifier (H‐F LLC resonant converter) are more suitable for high‐voltage application. To improve the transient response of the converter, this paper proposes a method based fixed center state trajectory for the converter to achieve soft start‐up. To reduce dynamic response time during start‐up, each step of fixed center state‐trajectory is designed optimally for the shortest path with symmetrical current limitation. In addition, the proposed method is also applicable to full‐bridge LLC converters. Moreover, according to the state‐plane analysis, load stepping‐up and stepping‐down transient state trajectories with the shortest path are carried out as well. To minimize the adverse effect of digital delay, fast load transient control based on 3D look‐up table is given based on FPGA‐EP3C25E144I7, which would also significantly reduce the computation requirement of the hardware controllers. The experimental results are verified on a 380V/12V LLC converter prototype at 130 kHz.
The Effect of Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) on Soybean Seed Germination
Authors: Xue Ziyu
Published: November 2023

Industrial plasticizer phthalate esters (PAEs) is commonly utilized in PVC products. One of the most widespread plastic additives, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), is a known endocrine disruptor in the environment. The high volatility and low durability of DBP mean that it is present in soil, water, and air and can be taken up by the roots of plants, where it may stunt their development. Soybean seeds were used in a series of experiments in which the effects of DBP on germination were measured at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L. Soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), isocitrate lyase (ICL), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) levels were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The results demonstrated that the concentration and duration of DBP treatment both contribute to the observable effect on soybean seeds. Soybean germination, antioxidant enzyme activity, and glyoxylate cycling enzyme activity were all stimulated by DBP at concentrations below 1 mg/L, and the stimulatory impact was negatively linked with increasing DBP concentration. Soybean seed germination, antioxidant enzyme activity, and glyoxylate cycling enzyme were all suppressed at concentrations of DBP >1mg/L. Inhibitory action was improved with an elevation of DBP concentration.
Study on Ultrasonic Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Sedum spectabile boreau flowers
Authors: Na Li , Melencion Merced G. , Le Le Zheng , Yihui Qian , Qian Weng
Published: November 2023

Using Sedum spectabile boreau flowers as raw material, single factor and Box-Behnken response surface test were used to optimize the extraction conditions of Sedum spectabile boreau flavone assisted by ultrasonic enzymatic method, and the antioxidant activity of Sedum spectabile boreau flavone was analyzed in vitro. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of total Sedum spectabile boreau flavonoids were ultrasonic action time of 60 min, ethanol concentration of 35%, liquid-solid ratio (ml /g) was 20:1, and the amount of enzyme (cellulase: pectinase =1:1) was 3.2g.The study on the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids of Sedum spectabile boreau flower showed that its antioxidant capacity was gradually enhanced with the increase of the mass concentration of the test, which had a certain dose-effect relationship.
The effect of rice storage on the eating quality
Authors: Song Rui
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the impact of different storage temperatures on the quality of rice during an 11-month storage period. Rice is a crucial staple food, and maintaining its quality during storage is essential for food security. The research focused on moisture content and fatty acid value as key indicators of rice quality. Results showed that low-temperature storage, specifically at 0°C and 10°C, contributed to slower moisture loss and reduced lipid degradation compared to room temperature storage (25°C). This study underscores the significance of low-temperature storage in preserving the quality of rice over time.
Applications of Genome Editing in Yeast with an Example of Tup1 Mutants Construction
Authors: Li Fengyuan
Published: November 2023

Genome editing, which allows for the artificial modification of genes in organisms, has received significant attention in recent years. Currently, various genome editing tools have been developed based on different principles. ZFNs (zinc finger nucleases), TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases), and CRISPR-Cas9 are the three genome editing technologies that are predominantly utilized. This article reviews the principles and characteristics of these three genome editing tools and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each of them accordingly. Genome editing is also playing an increasingly important role in yeast, opening up unforeseen applications for human beings. Tup1, a crucial transcriptional corepressor factor in yeast, is associated with multiple metabolic pathways and plays a key role in gene expression regulation. Currently, our understanding of how Tup1 regulates gene transcription remains limited. To gain a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of Tup1, genome editing can be utilized to deepen our knowledge of its function. Therefore, this article proposes a method that utilizes CRISPR-Cas9 to construct mutant variants of Tup1 in yeast. The main process of this method involves introducing plasmids containing artificially designed sgRNA and Cas9 protein sequences into yeast cells, allowing them to express and edit the yeast Tup1 sequence, ultimately generating yeast Tup1 mutants. This method allows for the efficient construction of engineered Tup1 mutants, facilitating further research on Tup1.
Optimisation of Automation Devices Based on IOT Big Data Algorithms
Authors: Xue Yike
Published: November 2023

With the continuous development of communication, sensor and caching technologies, IoT technology has gained rapid opportunities for growth and a huge digital revolution has taken place at all levels of society. Blockchain technology has emerged rapidly in recent years and can be seen as a distributed, time-based ledger of distributed data. It utilises technologies such as consensus protocols, modern cryptography, P2P and smart contracts, which can provide a secure, stable, transparent, auditable and low-consumption system architecture that has a traceable, stable and efficient security management capability, and can provide a new solution to identity security for the Internet of Things. This paper absorbs the existing blockchain-based access management approach and improves it, proposing a new private chain-based security management approach that solves the problems of access dynamics, low intelligence and high overhead in the traditional access management approach. This paper designs a new control management architecture, the Novel-Capability-Based Access Control (NCBAC), which draws on the microkernel and microservice ideas of operating systems. Firstly, this paper abstracts the concept of management node to solve the problem of weak computing power and low storage performance of IoT devices that cannot meet the difficulty of direct communication between IoT devices and blockchain, and at the same time can reduce the network operation overhead; secondly, it constructs a multi-level smart contract system and designs three kinds of smart contracts, AC, ACC and AMC, to build a trusted and reliable access control entity model; finally, it adopts radial basis based (RBF) neural network and combines with access policy to dynamically generate the credit degree threshold of access nodes to build an intelligent access authority management model for IoT mass sensors. The model proposed in this paper designs a token mechanism based on the fact that IoT systems have multiple requests within a short period of time in a real production environment, which, according to experimental results, improves the performance of the system to a certain extent.
Study on wound healing effect of low-carbon topical dressings with new green packaging
Authors: Zhang Chunhong , Liu Junyi , Liang Dong , Mu Xiaohang , Liu Guiming , Feng Jingqiu , Zeng Yiwen , Huang Gaoling , Wu Xianghan , Mei Jiarui , Li Anjie , Liu Xin , Li Dan
Published: November 2023

In order to verify the effect of the new green and low-carbon hydrogel dressing on promoting wound healing, this project applied a sodium alginate hydrogel dressing product containing Escherichia coli and taro toxin analgesic polypeptide (The specific ingredients of the dressing) to skin wounds in common rats. Effects of the hydrogel dressing on promoting skin wound healing was evaluated by observing the occurrence and frequency of behavioral changes in rats, observing wwhistological sections under a high-power microscope, changes in serum cytokine indicators, and Image J analysis of collagen fiber reconstruction ratios in tissue sections. Through comprehensive evaluation, it can be found that hydrogel dressing has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-infection effects on rat wound surface, and acts on promoting wound healing, promoting the formation of new blood vessels in the damaged skin tissue area, promoting the growth of granulation tissue, and promoting the reconstruction of collagen fibers in wound tissue.
Preface
Authors: Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran
Published: November 2023

5th International Conference on Tropical Resources and Sustainable Sciences (CTReSS 5.0) is an annual event organised by the Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan and has garnered more than 500 participants since 2020. This year, FSB is honoured to coorganise CTReSS 5.0 with the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN). CTReSS 5.0 and 5 Keynote and Plenary Speakers who shared their insights on the latest trends in biodiversity conservation, green medicine and geoscience.
Micropropagation of Arisaema spp. (filiforme and brinchangense): Explant selection and surface sterilization insights
Authors: Mat-Zain Norhazlini , Mohamad Asraf-Fizree , Leong Shin-Lerk , Kayat Fatimah , Latiff A , Hamzah Zulhazman
Published: November 2023

Arisaema filiforme and A. brichangense are a perennial herbaceous plant (family Araceae) found distributed in mossy forest, Cameron Highlands, with the elevation of 1,900 meters above sea level (a.s.l). The unique inflorescence formation resembling cobra has given this plant the name Cobra lilies, and suitable to be planted as ornamental plant. In addition, it has been used traditionally as a herb. However, the population of these two species are very limited, only thrive in higher elevation and also considered as an endangered. Therefore, realizing its potential in the future as one of the new ornamental plant and materials for the herb bioindustry, a micropropagation approach was employed to produce these species in mass production. Seeds, rhizomes, and petioles were used as the explant materials, cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg L-1) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The findings revealed rhizomes and seeds to be significant explants for micropropagation, where the survival rate for these two are more than 80%. Petioles had 0% of survivability after week eight of culture due to the fungi infection and tissue necrosis. This study provides an insight into explant selection, where different plant organs have different survival rate due to the tissue mechanical strength. Also, optimum surface sterilization process is very critical in micropropagation to avoid the contamination of the culture and also necrotizing.
Food and Feeding Habits of Fishes in Brunei Bay, Malaysia
Authors: Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti TafzilMeriam , Jaaman Saifullah Arifin , Joseph Juanita , Mohd Abdullah Maizah , Mohamed Zulqarnain , Mat Yaacob Mohd Azam , Mat Sobri Muhammad Fadhli , Zuraini Muhamad Ikram , Rusli Mohd Uzair , Said Nadjamuddin Fuad Syed Arieffudin , Xuelei Zhang
Published: November 2023

The study of the food and feeding habits of fishes is crucial in understanding their ecology. Food and feeding habits of the 30 fish species belonging to 22 families from Bukit Sari and Awat-awat of Lawas in the Bay of Brunei were studied on 11th February 2020 and 12th February 2020 respectively. Samples were collected using “Kabat” nets, casting nets, and seine nets. The dietary components of each species were studied and expressed as a percentage of numerical composition (N), percentage of weight composition (W), and percentage of frequency of occurrence (F). Diet compositions of the species were estimated using the Index of Relative Importance (%IRI) and trophic level (TROPHj). The major food and their Index of Relative Importance (%IRI) showed the highest was shrimps (64.25%) followed by crabs (11.78%), zooplankton (6.94%), fish (6.91%), algae (4.21%), plants (1.48%), mollusks (1.01%) and others below 1.0%. TROPHj value ranged from 2.0 to 4.2 and the trophic level value of 25 fish species was carnivorous, followed by 2 species (detritivorous and herbivorous) respectively, and 1 species (piscivorous). The findings of the study may offer important data for developing management plans for the region's fishing resources.
Small vertebrates in CFS ecological corridor (D-PL1: Lojing - Sungai Brok - Sungai Betis Forest Reserves) Kelantan
Authors: Ahmad Ruzman Nor Hazwani , Azman Mohammad Shahfiz , Md Fauzi Noor Faradiana , Munian Kaviarasu , Mahyudin Nur Aina Amira , Azahar Muhammad Asyraff , Baharudin Muhammad Syaridzwan , Appanan Manoshini , Zam Beri Anis Zafirah , Tahir Rusli
Published: November 2023

Small vertebrate surveys were carried out in the Sungai Brok and Sungai Betis Forest Reserves. The Central Forest Spine (CFS) initiative has recognised these forest reserves as part of Kelantan's important ecological corridors, known as D-PL1. The surveys were conducted from July to September 2019. This study aims to identify and update the checklist of small vertebrates in the selected forest reserves. One hectare plot was established in each forest reserve for this study. Traps were used to capture and document these vertebrates, including 100 collapsible cage traps, three harp traps, 10 mist nets, and 25 pitfall traps deployed at each sampling site. In addition, the surveys also carried out active searches and direct observations. Overall, this study recorded 83 species from 38 families of small vertebrates. With the total, small mammals comprise of 13 spp. from six families, birds (53 spp. from 24 families), and herpetofauna (17 spp. from eight families) were recorded during this study. Ten small mammal species are recorded as additional species for D-PL1. Birds and herpetofauna recorded 38 and eight additional species to the existing checklist of D-PL1, respectively. Based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Version 3.1), this study recorded three threatened species namely Great Argus (Argusianus argus), Great Slaty Woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus), and Grey-cheeked Bulbul (Alophoixus tephrogenys) in D-PL1. This information is likely to support stakeholders in formulating a management strategy for the forest mosaics in the corridor, which will continue to serve as an essential habitat for small vertebrates.
Does financial efficiency modify CO2 emission? Using panel ARDL-PMG in the case of five selected ASEAN countries
Authors: Mohamad Azmin Nur Azwani , Abdul Manaf Suhaily Maizan , Abdul Ghani Rosmaiza
Published: November 2023

Financial efficiency reduces carbon emissions by optimising resource usage, encouraging innovation and investment in low-carbon technology and solutions, and increasing transparency and accountability. This study examined the short- and long-term equilibrium relationships between CO2 emissions, financial efficiency, GDP, and energy consumption in five ASEAN nations from 1980 to 2020. Data stationarity was tested using the panel unit root test. The Autoregression Distribution Lag Pooled Mean Group (ARDL-PMG) model is best for empirical research because the data are long time series. The ARDL-PMG model shows that all variables affect CO2 emissions in the short term. Gross domestic product per capita and energy use affect CO2 emissions but not financial efficiency over time.
Effect of Clean Biomass Energy Use on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN Countries: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Sulaiman Chindo , Azahar Abas Muhamad , Hassin Nor Hizami , Abdul Samad Nur Syafiqah , Abdul-Rahim Abdul Samad , Shaari Nur Fatihah
Published: November 2023

There is growing effort by Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to increase renewable energy in their energy mix in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) associated with fossil fuel energy consumption. Biomass energy is one of the renewable energy sources that has the potential to help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the ASEAN region considering its abundance and the current rise in its consumption. This study aims to empirically investigate whether the growing consumption of biomass energy contributes to lowering CO2 emissions in the region. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of biomass energy use on CO2 emission in ASEAN region over the 1990–2020 period. To achieve this objective, panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) was employed and the estimated result revealed that biomass energy use marginally decreases CO2 emission in the region. This finding implies that increasing and improving supply of clean biomass energy in the region’s energy mix can help to mitigate CO2 emission by significant portion. Consequently, several policy recommendations were suggested, which include advancing the use of technology to increase and improve biomass energy supply to various sectors of the region’s economy to substitute significant portion of conventional fuel in productive activities.
Unveiling the Impact of Physical Geography on Poverty: A Comprehensive Analysis for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hishamuddin Amir Syamin , Nawawi Siti Aisyah , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Ibrahim Norfadhilah , Jamil Rohazaini Muhammad , Nawawi Rabihah , Baistaman Julaina , Ya'acob Siti Hajar
Published: November 2023

This study examines the effects of physical geography, demographic characteristics of household heads, and poverty, with a specific focus on the number of poor household heads within districts of Terengganu. Through the utilization of a Poisson log-linear modeling approach, the research investigates the effects of physical geography and demographic factors, on the number of poor household heads for each of the sub-districts. The central concern of this research revolves around the need to comprehend the underlying reasons for differing poverty rates among sub-districts in Terengganu. To carry out the analysis, a Poisson log-linear modeling is employed for the data, leveraging SPSS and Rstudio for statistical analysis. This method enabled us to thoroughly assess how physical geography factors (including terrain and accessibility) and demographic characteristics of household heads (including age, education level, and employment status) influence poverty rates. To determine the distribution of spatial poverty, ArcMap is used to visualize the Standardised Poverty Ratio. The results of the study show that 31 sub-districts were identified as not being at risk of poverty and another 31 were labeled as having a high poverty rate. Furthermore, the Poisson regression analysis yielded several important insights into the factors influencing poverty rates. Specifically, it is found that a higher average age is associated with a decrease in poverty. Conversely, an increase in non-formal education levels, lower elevations, steeper slopes, and higher river density are linked to an increase in poverty. These findings have significant implications for policy formulation and targeted interventions in Terengganu, providing valuable guidance for addressing poverty-related challenges. The mapping of high-risk poverty areas offers crucial information for spatially targeted interventions, facilitating the implementation of more efficient poverty reduction measures. Furthermore, research findings enhance the understanding of the intricate dynamics between physical geography, demographic characteristics, and household poverty. By identifying the significant factors impacting poverty, this study provides valuable insights for developing targeted poverty alleviation strategies and formulating evidence-based policies. In conclusion, this study serves to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners about the multifaceted relationships between physical geography, demographic characteristics, and household poverty. By recognizing the critical role played by these factors, stakeholders can devise comprehensive approaches tailored to specific contexts, effectively addressing poverty, promoting inclusive growth, and improving the well-being of vulnerable populations.
Groundwater potential zone in Bachok District, Malaysia: Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technique
Authors: Hussin Hamzah , Abdul Kahar Mohd Afiq , Ali Khan Mohammad Muqtada , Rahim Afikah , Zakariah Muhammad Noor Amin
Published: November 2023

The research aimed to identify probable groundwater zones by integrating GIS, remote sensing, and AHP techniques. Given the rising demand for water resources due to population growth and economic expansion, groundwater resources are vital. The paper presented a comprehensive approach to achieving this goal. Integrating geographic information systems with analytic hierarchy processes is demonstrated to obtain precise decision-making information through transforming geographical data and weightage ranking. The present study has identified seven principal criteria controlling parameters significantly impacting groundwater occurrence. These criteria have been derived from analysing satellite imagery, existing maps, and data sources. The abovementioned variables encompass drainage density, elevation, annual precipitation, slope gradient, land use and land cover. The overlay-weighted sum method maps the potential groundwater zones in the research area by incorporating all thematic criteria. The groundwater potential index map has identified various zones with differing levels of groundwater potential, ranging from very low (1.61%, low (1.81%), moderate (2.66%), high (22.59%) and very high (71.33%). Ultimately, the mean groundwater level information obtained from five wells in the study area is employed to authenticate the map depicting the potential groundwater zones. This research discusses the significant implications that need to be considered for sustainable groundwater exploration in the area.
Application of Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) to analyse geological structure in Paloh, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Syakir , Abioga Mahendra
Published: November 2023

This study is conducted in Paloh, Gua Musang district, Kelantan and focussed on Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) method which was carried out to assess the subsurface geological structures of Paloh area, Gua Musang. Two survey lines of 200 m are conducted in the study area by using Gradient array. The data obtained from ERI is processed by using RES2DINV software to produce a pseudosection model. Variable resistivity values ranging from 1Ωm to >3000Ωm with a depth of investigation of approximately 40m showed in the pseudosection model. Based on the model, the structural analysis of the study area resulted in several fault lines occurring in the subsurface area. The fault line indicated the occurrence of subsurface movement. This study suggests further geophysical investigation (seismic survey) be carried out as it would be able to give the extent of information on subsurface geological structures for geoengineering study for site investigation.
A preliminary study on intraparticle diffusion of turbidity through nanomagnetic biocarbon composite (NBC)
Authors: Abdullah Palsan Sannasi , Awang Huda
Published: November 2023

The accessibility of safe drinking water is a fundamental element of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). A novel nanomagnetic biocarbon composite (NBC) has been developed utilising coconut shells for purifying raw groundwater. One of the primary concerns associated with groundwater is turbidity, a condition resulting from the presence of clay, dirt, and silt particles. The presence of turbidity in untreated water has a significant effect on both the visual appeal and overall cleanliness of the water. For the purposes of comparison, commercialised activated carbon (CAC) was utilised in this study. According to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, it was observed that the average pore diameter of NBC was smaller compared to commercially available activated carbon (CAC), despite having a higher BET surface (SBET) value of 916.189 m/g compared to CAC. Based on the results of the kinetic study, it was determined that intraparticle diffusion, specifically external film diffusion, exhibited the most suitable fit as the kinetic model for NBC and CAC. This conclusion was supported by the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) values obtained, which were 0.04 for NBC and 0.13 for CAC, surpassing the performance of alternative models. The diffusion coefficient (Di) values for NBC (7.40 x 10–15 cm2/s) and CAC (7.80 x 10–15 cm2/s) demonstrated the phenomenon of bulk diffusion from high to low concentration. Notably, the diffusion coefficient for NBC was found to be lower than that for CAC. Accordingly, it is suggested that average pore diameter played important roles in intraparticle diffusion of an absorbent.
Identification of Tropical Planting Selection for Sustainable Campus Design
Authors: Ramlee Noorliyana , Zahari Zulhilmi , Abdul Hamid Nor Hamizah , Wan Mohamad Wan Saiful Nizam , Mohamed Syahidah Amni , Hasan Ramly , Othmani Nurul Izzati , Ramlee Muhamad Fadhli
Published: November 2023

Tropical planting plays a crucial role in sustainable campus design in Malaysia. Incorporating tropical planting into campus design not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also offers numerous environmental benefits. This research aims to identify suitable tropical plant species for sustainable campus design. The selection of appropriate plant species plays a crucial role in creating environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing campus landscapes. The study employs an observational research approach to gather data on plant characteristics, growth patterns, ecological requirements, and overall sustainability. Data was collected at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok Campus. The results revealed that selection criteria for plants were based on their adaptability to tropical climates, aesthetic appeal, low maintenance requirements, and positive ecological impact. This paper outlines the strength of tropical plantings selection for sustainable campus design based on native trees, shade trees, climbing plants and vines, ground covers, ornamental shrubs, and medicinal and aromatic plants. Some of the tropical plants such as mahogany, kapok tree, frangipani offer numerous benefits in sustainable campus design, contributing to climate resilience, water efficiency, biodiversity conservation, and a vibrant and healthy campus environment. Thus, this research will provide valuable insights for landscape architects, campus planners, and any related built environment professionals in developing sustainable campus designs in tropical regions.
Volar Locking Plate versus Closed Reduction and Immobilization for Distal Radius Fracture in the Elderly: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Latypov Niyaz , Golubev Igor , Borisova Alyona
Published: November 2023

Introduction A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to compare surgical treatment using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with volar locking plates (VLP) to conservative treatment with closed reduction and immobilization in elderly patients aged ≥60 years with acute displaced distal radius fractures.

Methods A search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases was conducted. Clinical and radiographic measures at 12 months were compared between groups by pooling the mean difference. The complication rates were compared by pooling relative risk ratios. Pooled mean differences of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) results were compared with the published minimal clinically important difference (MCID) to evaluate the clinical relevance of the results.

Results The initial search yielded 766 records, from which 6 articles were selected for the final analysis. The results of the DASH questionnaire at 12 months of follow-up were significantly lower in the surgical treatment group with a mean difference (MD) of –3.61 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: –6.48 to –0.73). No statistically significant difference was found in the PRWE questionnaire (MD = –3.14 points [95% CI: –7.32 to 1.04]). Radiological results were significantly better in the surgical treatment group and no significant difference in the overall complication rate between the groups was detected. Found MD for DASH and PRWE did not reach the published MCIDs.

Conclusion This study suggests that for elderly patients aged ≥60 years with acute displaced distal radius fractures, surgical treatment using ORIF with VLP does not provide clinically relevant benefits compared with conservative treatment with closed reduction and immobilization at the 12-month follow-up, despite demonstrating better radiological results.