bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Real Estate in Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Mouzughi Yusra , Bryde David , Al-Shaer Maher
Published: April 2014

The construction of real estate has the potential to advance sustainability in terms of meeting economic and social criteria—the Business Case and the Societal Case. This is a crucial aspect in the stated visions and plans in many developing countries. Hence, it is important to understand how real estate can best contribute. Semi-structured interviews with a number of decision-makers involved in the real estate sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain were undertaken to explore perceptions of how the sector could best contribute to sustainable development. The decision-makers came from government bodies, investment banks, real estate developers, investors, constructors, project consultants and auditors. The interviews highlight the importance of having a stated vision and strategy which is highly visible and shared by all stakeholders. In the case of Bahrain this is Vision 2030 and the National Economic Strategy. It is important to ensure that any plans that are put in place to achieve the vision/strategy are adaptable to reflect changes in the external environment. The decision-makers identified three areas of focus in terms of the content of policy in order to meet the economic and social-related sustainability criteria as set out in Vision 2030 and the National Economic Strategy. These are: infrastructure, affordable housing and tourism/leisure. Within these three areas, that of infrastructure is also the key enabler for developments in the other two areas to be realized. In terms of a method of governance, the use of public-private-partnerships (PPPs) was identified as being highly appropriate. Such partnerships are not only useful to leverage private sector investment into specific development projects but also to ensure that such development harnesses innovative and efficient methods.
Comprehensive Characterization of Serum MicroRNA Profile in Response to the Emerging Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infection in Humans
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Qi Yuhua , Ge Aihua , Zhu Yefei , Xu Ke , Ji Hong , Shi Zhiyang , Cui Lunbiao , Zhou Minghao
Published: April 2014

A novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus recently occurred in China and caused 137 human infection cases with a 32.8% mortality rate. Although various detection procedures have been developed, the pathogenesis of this emerging virus in humans remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized serum microRNA (miRNA) profile in response to H7N9 virus infection using TaqMan Low Density Arrays. Upon infection, a total of 395 miRNAs were expressed in the serum pool of patients, far beyond the 221 in healthy controls. Among the 187 commonly expressed miRNAs, 146 were up-regulated and only 7 down-regulated in patients. Further analysis by quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the serum levels of miR-17, miR-20a, miR-106a and miR-376c were significantly elevated in patients compared with healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to show that each miRNA could discriminate H7N9 patients from controls with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.622 to 0.898, whereas a combination of miR-17, miR-20a, miR-106a and miR-376c obtained a higher discriminating ability with an AUC value of 0.96. Our findings unravel the significant alterations in serum miRNA expression following virus infection and manifest great potential of circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis of viral diseases.
Fullerenes as adhesive layers for mechanical peeling of metallic, molecular and polymer thin films
Authors: Wieland Maria B , Slater Anna G , Mangham Barry , Champness Neil R , Beton Peter H
Published: April 2014

We show that thin films of C60 with a thickness ranging from 10 to 100 nm can promote adhesion between a Au thin film deposited on mica and a solution-deposited layer of the elastomer polymethyldisolaxane (PDMS). This molecular adhesion facilitates the removal of the gold film from the mica support by peeling and provides a new approach to template stripping which avoids the use of conventional adhesive layers. The fullerene adhesion layers may also be used to remove organic monolayers and thin films as well as two-dimensional polymers which are pre-formed on the gold surface and have monolayer thickness. Following the removal from the mica support the monolayers may be isolated and transferred to a dielectric surface by etching of the gold thin film, mechanical transfer and removal of the fullerene layer by annealing/dissolution. The use of this molecular adhesive layer provides a new route to transfer polymeric films from metal substrates to other surfaces as we demonstrate for an assembly of covalently-coupled porphyrins.
Updating the OMERACT Filter: Discrimination and Feasibility
Authors: Wells George , Beaton Dorcas E. , Tugwell Peter , Boers Maarten , Kirwan John R. , Bingham Clifton O. , Boonen Annelies , Brooks Peter , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta , Dougados Maxime , Furst Daniel E. , Gossec Laure , Guillemin Francis , Helliwell Philip , Hewlett Sarah , Kvien Tore K. , Landewé Robert B. , March Lyn , Mease Philip J. , Ostergaard Mikkel , Simon Lee , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , van der Heijde Désirée M.
Published: April 2014

The “Discrimination” part of the OMERACT Filter asks whether a measure discriminates between situations that are of interest. “Feasibility” in the OMERACT Filter encompasses the practical considerations of using an instrument, including its ease of use, time to complete, monetary costs, and interpretability of the question(s) included in the instrument. Both the Discrimination and Reliability parts of the filter have been helpful but were agreed on primarily by consensus of OMERACT participants rather than through explicit evidence-based guidelines. In Filter 2.0 we wanted to improve this definition and provide specific guidance and advice to participants.
Les élections générales du 4 mars 2013 au Kenya
Authors: Mérino Mathieu
Published: March 2014

Compte tenu de la gravité de la crise post-électorale de 2007-2008 (plus d’un millier de morts et 600 000 déplacés), les élections générales du 4 mars 2013 devaient servir de test majeur quant à la capacité du Kenya à reconstruire un cadre pacifié pour la compétition politique. Alors même que les résultats ont de nouveau été contestés, l’absence de crise a rassuré, en même temps qu’elle a surpris. Pour autant, l’acceptation sans heurts des résultats ne doit pas conduire à conclure à une disparition de la violence électorale. Les primaires des partis sont demeurées chaotiques et les défaillances en matière d’organisation du scrutin bien réelles, conduisant à des débordements. Les appels au calme qui ont inondé le scrutin ne doivent pas masquer les tensions, parfois violentes, qui caractérisent tout exercice de répartition du pouvoir au Kenya.
Marginalisation politique et politisation des structures alternatives de pouvoir dans la province de la côte au Kenya en 2013
Authors: Chome Killian Ngala
Published: March 2014

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont le sentiment de marginalisation éprouvé par les habitants de la province de la côte, au Kenya, a entraîné la politisation de structures alternatives de pouvoir. De nouvelles figures sont apparues, qui ont contesté la légitimité des représentants élus de la Province en assumant divers rôles politiques, dont un appel au boycott des élections. Pour l’auteur, cette situation résulte de la marginalisation politique des députés de la côte dans l’espace politique national et de l’incapacité qui s’ensuit de mobiliser un pouvoir politique local. Cette caractéristique lui sert d’angle d’analyse des dynamiques électorales à l’œuvre dans la Province lors du scrutin général de 2013 et lui permet d’observer les stratégies déployées par les structures alternatives de pouvoir pour orienter le verdict des urnes, avec plus ou moins de succès.
ARTICLE RETIRÉ : Le manteau cloacal : Hypothèses psychodynamiques concernant l'incurie des sujets SDF
Authors: Mathieu Franck
Published: April 2014

La pratique clinique avec les sujets SDF confronte à un phénomène tout à fait particulier : l’incurie. Malgré les ressources matérielles offertes aux individus pour subvenir à leur hygiène, on constate un véritable « lâcher prise » relatif aux soins personnels et ce, à un point gravissime. Très vite, l’errant s’enveloppe dans des odeurs, dans des substances corporelles. C’est un « manteau cloacal » qui recouvre le corps, et impacte les relations. Par une confrontation de données psychiatriques, psycho-dynamiques et anthropologiques, l’auteur propose de considérer cette « seconde peau » comme une défense servant à pallier les trous de l’enveloppe psychique, esquissant un territoire subjectif, mais également rétablissant une forme de communication archaïque avec l’objet.
Lieux et imaginaires dans le cinéma d'auteur coréen
Authors: Lee Yun Yeong
Published: April 2014

Il s’agit dans cet article des deux apports majeurs du cinéma d’auteur coréen, né pendant ces vingt dernières années de prospérité du cinéma coréen. D’abord, en rejetant les lieux abstraits et anonymes qui sont caractéristiques de la plupart des films coréens, Hong Sang-soo, Lee Chang-dong et Kim Ki-duk, qui ne tournent presque pas en studio, exploitent consciemment les lieux concrets et spécifiques dans leur cinéma, ce qui donne une résonance sociale aux spectateurs autochtones. De plus, ils développent volontairement les imaginaires filmiques spécialement liés aux lieux spécifiques. Ces imaginaires acquièrent également une fonction sociale, au fur et à mesure qu’ils se présentent en fonction de la vie quotidienne de la société coréenne.
La cyberculture des jeunes Coréens
Authors: Kim Tae Youn
Published: April 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre et présenter la cyberculture de la jeune génération coréenne, en cherchant à préciser le rôle des communautés en ligne sur Internet dans le contexte coréen. Pour ce faire, cet article a tenté d’abord d’explorer les diverses activités des membres effectuées dans et hors de la communauté en ligne, notamment celle de la mode, à l’aide d’une approche qualitative basée sur l’observation participante et à travers une méthode netnographique utilisant Internet. Puis, en s’appuyant sur la théorie sociologique de Michel Maffesoli, il analyse les interactions entre les membres et les valeurs culturelles attachées à la participation aux communautés en ligne.
L'éthique chamanique et l'esprit du néolibéralisme coréen
Authors: Kim Hong Jung
Published: April 2014

Cet article a pour but d’éclairer théoriquement l’affinité sélective entre chamanisme et survivalisme, dans une société coréenne néolibérale. Nous analysons l’apparition d’un régime éthico-culturel de la société coréenne, après la crise financière de 1997, au travers du concept de régime du cœur. Il s’agit du survivalisme, qui définit la survie de l’individu dans l’arène de la concurrence comme la valeur capitale de la vie. Nous pensons que le survivalisme est une idéologie dont l’origine religieuse se trouve dans le chamanisme coréen. Ainsi, nous analysons la logique de l’éthique chamanique en trois termes : eudémonisme, pragmatisme, kratophanie. Ce faisant, nous présentons une esquisse théorique de la sociologie du cœur visant à révéler la structure du « cœur époqual ». Dans cette recherche, nous dégageons la structure triangulaire du cœur dominant de la société coréenne néolibérale, à savoir la constellation constituée par régime du social (néolibéralisme), régime du cœur (survivalisme), et son origine religieuse (chamanisme).
Représentations sociales des « ramyeons » en Corée
Authors: Park Jung Ho , Park Sun Woong
Published: April 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les représentations sociales des « ramyeons », qui sont l’un des aliments les plus populaires en Corée. En partant de l’analyse de la place particulière qu’elles occupent dans le système de classification des nourritures coréennes, cet article commence par mettre en évidence la raison d’être de cet aliment et l’imaginaire qui l’entoure. Dans un deuxième temps, il propose une analyse des caractéristiques magiques des ramyeons et des représentations ambiguës qui s’expriment dans leur mise en scène cinématographique. Ensuite, nous allons montrer dans quelle mesure les ramyeons deviennent aujourd’hui un aliment post-moderne en se libérant de la catégorie de la « nourriture industrialisée ».
Une introduction à la logique de la langue coréenne
Authors: Gaudin Christophe
Published: April 2014

Cet article part du constat que le sujet n’est pas toujours exprimé en coréen, pour s’interroger sur les raisons de cette omission. Il s’agit en définitive de mettre ici en évidence une autre façon d’ordonner la réalité, où la relation prime sur les choses reliées.
Mon prince charmant parle coréen : les fans de K-Pop en France et Lituanie
Authors: Hyun Jeong Im
Published: April 2014

Depuis quelques années, l’Occident non seulement découvre la K-Pop et la culture populaire coréenne, mais semble de plus succomber à son charme... On observe sa grande popularité jusque dans un petit pays comme la Lituanie. On a pu expliquer que le facteur décisif de ce succès était l’investissement du gouvernement sud-coréen dans les produits de culture populaire pour gagner en « soft power » sur la scène politique internationale. Cet article n’est pas de cet avis : ce point de vue est trop étroit. Pour savoir pourquoi et comment on devient fan de K-Pop, l’auteure a mené une étude de terrain en France et en Lituanie ; elle a découvert des fans de K-Pop de ces deux pays qui ont suivi le même chemin : ils ont été influencés par la culture populaire japonaise, ont gardé une fascination pour la culture d’Extrême-Orient et utilisé Internet pour satisfaire leurs goûts et leurs désirs. Le phénomène K-Pop illustre que l’origine de nos désirs et goûts individuels ne vient pas tellement de moi mais surtout de nous , et que le désir est contagieux. De nos jours, sa viralité peut atteindre un niveau mondial en très peu de temps, mais en corollaire sa durée peut être très courte.
Two‐dimensional distribution of relaxation time and water content from surface nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Dlugosch Raphael , Günther Thomas , Müller‐Petke Mike , Yaramanci Ugur
Published: April 2014

Development in instrumentation and data analysis of surface nuclear magnetic resonance has recently moved on from one‐dimensional (1D) soundings to two‐dimensional (2D) surveys, opening the method to a larger field of hydrological applications. Current analysis of 2D data sets, however, does not incorporate relaxation times and is therefore restricted to the water content distribution in the subsurface.

We present a robust 2D inversion scheme, based on the qt approach, which jointly inverts for water content and relaxation time by taking the complete data set into account. The spatial distribution of relaxation time yields structural information of the subsurface and allows for additional petrophysical characterization. The presented scheme handles separated loop configurations for increased lateral resolution. Assuming a mono‐exponential relaxation in each model cell, using irregular meshes, and gate‐integrating the signal, the size of the inverse problem is significantly reduced and can be handled on a standard personal computer.

A synthetic study shows that contrasts in both the quantities – water content and relaxation time – can be imaged. Inversion of a field data set outlines a buried glacial valley and allows the distinguishing of two aquifers with different grain sizes, which can be concisely interpreted together with a resistivity profile. The impact of the anisotropic weighting factor and subsurface resistivity on the inversion result are shown and discussed. A comparison of the results obtained by the previously used initial value and time‐step inversion approaches illustrates the improved stability and resolution capabilities of the 2D qt inversion scheme.
Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing water in the vadose zone
Authors: Walsh David O. , Grunewald Elliot D. , Turner Peter , Hinnell Andrew , Ferre Ty P.A.
Published: April 2014

A commercially available surface NMR instrument was modified to address the challenges of using earth’s field surface NMR to detect and characterize water in the unsaturated (or vadose) zone. The modified instrument incorporates faster switching electronics to achieve an instrument dead time of 2.8 ms, and higher output power electronics to enable a maximum coil voltage of 8000 volts and coil current of 800 amps. The instrument was used to collect and interpret surface NMR data at several active vadose zone investigation sites in the western US. A 6‐week surface NMR experiment was conducted at a managed aquifer storage and recovery facility in Arizona, to explore the measurement capabilities and limitations of the instrument, during a managed infiltration event. The resulting time lapse surface NMR data were used to map zones of held water prior to the flood event, image the influx of water through the top 15 metres of the subsurface during and after the event, quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of infiltrating water throughout the event, and characterize the distribution of water in different relative pore sizes throughout the event. Data obtained at pseudo‐static vadose zone investigation sites indicate that the surface NMR instrument can detect and image some forms of water held in unconsolidated vadose zone formations, at depths up to 30 metres. Complementary NMR logging data indicate that the surface NMR instrument does not detect all of the water held in these pseudo‐static formations, but that the non‐invasive surface NMR data may yield valuable information nonetheless.
Blogging under Behemoth
Authors: Clark Sean
Published: April 2014

The solution to the fragility and instability that accompanied Africa's newly independent states was widely seen as the adoption of strong, unrivalled political leadership. Politics needed to be uncompetitive; there was to be none of the jockeying for power between rival parties witnessed in older, more well-established democracies. This path, however, soon proved disastrous. Time and time again, the absence of a viable political opposition allowed leaders to run roughshod over the public good. Real incomes fell as a tiny kleptocratic elite enriched themselves at the national expense. Since 1989, however, Africa has witnessed a remarkable liberalization of political competition. Opposition parties have in most places been granted newfound freedom to politick, and have on occasion won elections outright. Some argue this is at least in part the product of the diffusion of communications technology. They contend such devices facilitate political activism and organization, fostering political competition in its wake. To test this hypothesis, continent-wide data on the spread of landline telephones, wireless handsets, and Internet connections has been marshalled, then contrasted against the level of political competition in Africa throughout the post-colonial period. The findings in this chapter suggest that while communications technology may serve as a boon to the cause of political competition immediately following first introduction, its long-term effects are likely to be limited.
Huawei's ICT Investments in Africa
Authors: Rataj Olga
Published: April 2014

Following a comprehensive description of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies implemented by Huawei—the leading multinational Chinese information and telecommunications brand—within the framework of its business activities in Africa, this chapter reflects on the possible implications of the company's presence in Africa for the continent's development. Having recently undergone unprecedented socio-economic transformation, China is considered one of the forerunners in the evolution towards knowledge society. At the same time, it is often accused of pursuing a “new colonialism” in Africa. This chapter seeks to find out if there are possibly also any positive aspects of its intensified interest – in particular, if and to what extent Huawei shares with Africa China's experience of the emergence of advanced ICT (Information and Communications Technology) and transition towards the knowledge society.
Button battery ingestion in children: An emerging hazard
Authors: Jain Mayank , Waghmare Chandrashekhar , Adkar Sagar , Sircar Shohini , Jain Ajay K.
Published: April 2014

Button battery ingestion is an emerging hazard. In this retrospective study, we report six cases of lithium button battery ingestion in pediatric age group (mean age 2.8 years). Three button batteries were removed from stomach and three from esophagus. Esophageal site was associated with significant local injury, and one button battery was impacted in the esophagus, requiring rigid esophagoscopy for removal. Small battery size, used batteries, and early removal (<12 h after ingestion) were associated with lesser mucosal injury. No long-term complications were noted. Our study emphasizes that early diagnosis and urgent removal of ingested button battery are the only measures which prevent complications.
Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy performed with gastroscope
Authors: Choksi Ajay P. , Shah Keyur C. , Parekh Harshad K.
Published: April 2014

While percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-known approach for achieving enteral feeding, direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) is a technique that allows endoscopic placement of percutaneous/transabdominal feeding tube directly into the jejunum. It offers a non-surgical alternative for postpyloric enteral feeding for long-term nutritional support when gastric feeding is not technically possible or is inappriopriate. Conventionally DPEJ is done with pediatric colonoscope or small bowel enteroscope. Here, we report a case where DPEJ was accomplished with gastroscope.
Hölder continuous solutions to Monge–Ampère equations
Authors: Demailly Jean-Pierre , Dinew Sławomir , Guedj Vincent , Hiep Pham Hoang , Kołodziej Sławomir , Zeriahi Ahmed
Published: April 2014

Let

(X,\omega)

be a compact Kähler manifold. We obtain uniform Hölder regularity for solutions to the complex Monge-Ampère equation on

X

with

L^p

right hand side,

p>1

. The same regularity is furthermore proved on the ample locus in any big cohomology class. We also study the range

\operatorname{MAH}(X,\omega)

of the complex Monge-Ampère operator acting on

\omega

-pluri-subharmonic Hölder continuous functions. We show that this set is convex, by sharpening\break Ko\l odziej's result that measures with

L^p

-density belong to

\operatorname{MAH}(X,\omega)

and proving that

\operatorname{MAH}X,\omega)

has the “

L^p

-property”,

p>1

. We also describe accurately the symmetric measures it contains.
On Brauer’s Height Zero Conjecture
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Späth Britta
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the unproven half of Richard Brauer’s Height Zero Conjecture is reduced to a question on simple groups.
Impact of Protected Sleep Period for Internal Medicine Interns on Overnight Call on Depression, Burnout, and Empathy
Authors: Shea Judy A. , Bellini Lisa M. , Dinges David F. , Curtis Meredith L. , Tao Yuanyuan , Zhu Jingsan , Small Dylan S. , Basner Mathias , Norton Laurie , Novak Cristina , Dine C. Jessica , Rosen Ilene M. , Volpp Kevin G.
Published: April 2014

Background

Patient safety and sleep experts advocate a protected sleep period for residents.

Objective

We examined whether interns scheduled for a protected sleep period during overnight call would have better end-of-rotation assessments of burnout, depression, and empathy scores compared with interns without protected sleep periods and whether the amount of sleep obtained during on call predicted end-of-rotation assessments.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, controlled trial with internal medicine interns at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center (PVAMC) and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) in academic year 2009–2010. Four-week blocks were randomly assigned to either overnight call permitted under the 2003 duty hour standards or a protected sleep period from 12:30 am to 5:30 am. Participants wore wrist actigraphs. At the beginning and end of the rotations, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI).

Results

A total of 106 interns participated. There were no significant differences between groups in end-of-rotation BDI-II, MBI-HSS, or IRI scores at either location (P > .05). Amount of sleep while on call significantly predicted lower MBI-Emotional Exhaustion (P < .003), MBI-Depersonalization (P < .003), and IRI-Personal Distress (P < .006) at PVAMC, and higher IRI-Perspective Taking (P < .008) at HUP.

Conclusions

A protected sleep period produced few consistent improvements in depression, burnout, or empathy, although depression was already low at baseline. Possibly the amount of protected time was too small to affect these emotional states or sleep may not be directly related to these scores.
Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Karandikar Girish Ramchandra , Patel Azeem Sajjad , Ravindranath VK , Malik Anil S
Published: April 2014

Objective

To compare the forces, moments and moment/ force (M/F) ratio and load deflection rate of T-loop, keyhole loop, teardrop loop and mushroom loop with the finite element method (FEM).

Materials and Methods

FEM was used to compare 3D models of closing loops in rectangular (0.017 × 0.025 inch) beta titanium wire. The T-loop, mushroom loop, keyhole loop and teardrop loop were 7 mm in height. The forces, the moments and the M/F ratios at each tooth node were recorded with an activation of 2 mm.

Results

The highest force and moments was produced by the keyhole loop and the lowest force was produced by the mushroom loop.

Conclusion

All the four retraction loops exerted the greatest force levels at the molar node. The maximum value for M/F ratio is seen at the central incisor followed by lateral incisor, molar and canine node. The keyhole loop demonstrated the least load deflection rate making it the most efficient design.

How to cite this article

Patel AS, Ravindranath VK, Karandikar GR, Malik AS. Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1): 6-9.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Partially Edentulous Hemiglossectomy Patient: A Clinical Report
Authors: Sanaye Ragini Sudhakar , Nadgere Jyoti
Published: April 2014

Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant lesions in the oral cavity. This lesion can present itself on the tongue and may be treated by a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. When present on the lateral border of the tongue hemiglossectomy of the affected side is required. This results in altered functional movements, posture and adaptation of the tongue. This condition can be aggravated by deficient alveolar ridge, suturing of the flap across the crest of the ridge, high tissue attachments, altered floor of the mouth and loss of buccal and lingual sulcus. Prosthetic management in such cases includes an unconventional procedure to treat the patient. This article presents a clinical report on the rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with right sided hemiglossectomy with maxillary cast partial denture and mandibular flexible denture.

How to cite this article

Sanaye RS, Ram SM, Shah N, Nadgere J. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Partially Edentulous Hemiglossectomy Patient: A Clinical Report. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):46-50.
A New Simplified Metal Guide for Optimal Microimplant Insertion
Authors: Karandikar Girish Ramchandra , Shah Shaili Sanjay , Patel Azeem Sajjad , Kulkarni Vinayak Shridharrao , Mhatre Amol Chandrakant , Burad Hitesh Jagdish
Published: April 2014

Microimplants have become increasingly popular because they are small and easy to insert and remove, can be loaded immediately after insertion, and do not require patient compliance. They provide absolute skeletal anchorage for various orthodontic treatment modalities.

Precise positioning of microimplants is critical to their success. Insertion too close to adjacent tooth roots increases the risk of implant failure, especially in the mandible. Abnormal placement interferes with planned tooth movements.

Authors have developed a metal guide that can improve the accuracy of microimplant placement in the anterior or posterior segments of either arch. It is easily attached to the archwire and is then disengaged after drilling, without the need for arch wire removal and with no deformation of either the archwire or the guide. Its simple design permits easy fabrication, does not require construction of acrylic surgical stents. The guide can also be resterilized, thus the same one can be used for different patients.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni VS, Karandikar GR, Mhatre AC, Shah SS, Burad HJ, Patel AS. A New Simplified Metal Guide for Optimal Microimplant Insertion. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1): 63-65.
‘Het voelt zo minderwaardig’ - Een analyse van vragen over gender uit de vragenrubriek van Refoweb
Authors: van Drie Aart , Ganzevoort Ruard , Spiering Mark
Published: April 2014

The orthodox protestant christian website Refoweb offers an anonymous form of pastoral care. Visitors of the website have the opportunity to submit questions to the questions section. In this article, questions about gender are analyzed. Questions deal about women’s clothing and the problem women experience with the idea that man is the head of the wife. From a dualistic point of view, males are associated with the mind and spirit and females are associated with the body. Some questioners experience this as inferior and oppressive. Questioners articulate their agency within the context of orthodox Protestantism.
An Experimental Evaluation of the State Adult Attachment Measure: The Influence of Attachment Primes on the Content of State Attachment Representations
Authors: Bosmans Guy , Bowles David P. , Dewitte Marieke , De Winter Simon , Braet Caroline
Published: March 2014

Attachment theory predicts cross-contextual stability of attachment representations, but research findings are rather mixed. Recently, it has been suggested that these mixed findings reflect the existence of both state and trait attachment components. The development of the State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM) has enabled an investigation of this hypothesis. The current study aimed to evaluate the extent to which the SAAM is a useful instrument for studying such state attachment hypotheses. For this purpose, a two-week longitudinal study investigated whether the manipulation of the temporal accessibility of different attachment contents activates different within-person attachment representations. The impact of attachment primes before re-administering the SAAM was investigated in 268 participants. Results showed that the SAAM was meaningfully related to evaluations of self and attachment figures. Moreover, activation of different attachment contexts influenced state attachment towards partners as primary attachment figures. The results provide support for the SAAM as a measure of state attachment towards partners, but data on parent attachment were less straightforward. In all, the current study provided support for contemporary models of attachment as comprising both trait-like stability and context-dependent variability in attachment state.
Credibility and Outcome Expectancy in the Unified Protocol: Relationship to Outcomes
Authors: Thompson-Hollands Johanna , Bentley Kate H. , Gallagher Matthew W. , Boswell James F. , Barlow David H.
Published: March 2014

The credibility of a treatment rationale consists of “how believable, convincing, and logical the treatment is” (Kazdin, 1979, p. 82), while outcome expectancy consists of patients' beliefs about how likely they are to benefit from a treatment. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) presents some challenges in this regard since the treatment rationale is not directly tailored to a specific disorder. We sought to examine the treatment credibility of the UP, as well as patients' outcome expectancies regarding this transdiagnostic treatment, and how each of these “common factors” related to outcomes. Results suggest that outcome expectancies were more closely related to outcomes than were ratings of credibility, in line with research on these constructs in other treatments. Ratings of credibility and outcome expectancies for the UP were comparable to previously reported levels of these constructs in other cognitive-behavioral treatments.
Social Anxiety Disorder and Global/Local Performance on a Visuospatial Processing Task
Authors: Cody Meghan W. , Clerkin Elise M. , Stevens Elizabeth S. , Gasser Melissa L. , Pasciuti Michelle L. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: March 2014

Few research studies have examined differences in processing “big-picture,” global stimuli versus detailed, local stimuli in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Similarly, little is known about the impact of a social stressor on cognitive functioning in SAD. This study explores differences in memory for global and local visuospatial information between participants with SAD (n = 37) and non-anxious control participants (n = 40) using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. Half of the participants were exposed to a social stressor (anticipating giving a speech) while they completed the task. Two scoring subscales were used to distinguish between reproduction of global elements and local features on Copy, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall trials. Results indicated that participants with SAD who were not exposed to the social stressor performed more poorly at reproducing local elements on the Copy trial, compared to participants in the SAD-stressor present group and both control groups. Additionally, control participants, but not those with SAD, demonstrated improvement in memory for global elements from Immediate to Delayed Recall trials. These results suggest that trait social anxiety impairs consolidation of global visuospatial information over time, and interacts with the presence of a state stressor to affect reproduction of details.
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in Repressors, Defensive High Anxious, High Anxious and Low Anxious Individuals
Authors: Saunders Jo , Worth Rhian , Vallath Smriti , Fernandes Marcelle
Published: March 2014

Previous research has indicated that repressors forget more negative memories which may be due to enhanced inhibitory abilities. To investigate this issue the retrieval practice paradigm was modified for use with neutral and negative personality traits. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants chose neutral and negative traits which were self descriptive and then performed retrieval practice on the neutral traits. Repressors and low anxious participants were found to demonstrate forgetting of negative traits with repressors forgetting more negative traits than low anxious participants. In Experiment 2 the inhibitory account was tested by comparing retrieval practice with representation. Retrieval practice led to forgetting but re-presentation did not. In Experiment 3 forgetting of neutral traits was evident in the repressors and low anxious groups but repressors did not exhibit increased forgetting. In Experiment 4 the cue independent method was used to examine inhibition for neutral material. All groups demonstrated forgetting but repressors did not demonstrate enhanced inhibition. These findings indicate that repressors demonstrate enhanced forgetting only for self referential negative information.
Aerosol radiative effects in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges using long-term aerosol data series over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Mateos D. , Antón M. , Toledano C. , Cachorro V. E. , Alados-Arboledas L. , Sorribas M. , Costa M. J. , Baldasano J. M.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. A better understanding of the aerosol radiative properties is a crucial challenge for climate change studies. This study aims to provide a complete characterization of aerosol radiative effects in different spectral ranges within the shortwave (SW) solar spectrum. For this purpose, long-term datasets of aerosol properties from six AERONET stations located in the Iberian Peninsula (Southwestern Europe) are analyzed in term of climatology characterization and trends. Aerosol information is used as input to the libRadtran model in order to determine the aerosol radiative effect at the surface in the ultraviolet (AREUV), visible (AREVIS), near-infrared (ARENIR), and the entire SW range (ARESW) under cloud-free conditions. Over the whole Iberian Peninsula, aerosol radiative effects in the different spectral ranges are: −1.1 < AREUV < −0.7 W m−2, −5.7 < AREVIS < −3.8 W m−2, −2.8 < ARENIR < −1.7 W m−2, and −9.5 < ARESW < −6.1 W m−2. The four variables showed positive statistically significant trends between 2004 and 2012, e.g., ARESW increased +3.6 W m−2 per decade. This fact is linked to the decrease in the aerosol load, which presents a trend of −0.04 per unit of aerosol optical depth at 500 nm per decade, hence a reduction of aerosol effect on solar radiation at the surface is seen. Monthly means of ARE show a seasonal pattern with larger values in spring and summer. The aerosol forcing efficiency (AFE), ARE per unit of aerosol optical depth, is also evaluated in the four spectral ranges. AFE exhibits a dependence on single scattering albedo and a weaker one on Ångström exponent. AFE is larger (in absolute value) for small and absorbing particles. The contributions of the UV, VIS, and NIR ranges to the SW efficiency vary with the aerosol types. Aerosol size determines the fractions of AFEVIS/AFESW and AFENIR/AFESW. VIS range is the dominant region for all types, although non-absorbing large particles cause a more equal contribution of VIS and NIR intervals. The AFEUV / AFESW ratio shows a higher contribution for absorbing fine particles.
Determination of Ibuprofen in Human Plasma and Urine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Erdem Ali Fuat
Published: April 2014

This paper describes a GC/MS method for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma and urine. Ibuprofen and internal standard naproxen were extractedfrom plasma and urine by using a liquid–liquid extraction method. Derivatization was carried outusing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.05–5.0 and 0.1–10.0 μg/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. Intraday and interday precision (RSD) values for ibuprofen in plasma and urine were less than 6.31%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 12.00%. The mean recovery of ibuprofen was 89.53% for plasma and 93.73% for urine. TheLOD was 0.015 and 0.03 μg/mL and the LOQ was 0.05 and 0.1 μg/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The method was successfully applied to blood samples from three healthy male volunteers who had been given an oral tablet of 600 mg ibuprofen.
Determination of Fenitrothion in Water Using a Voltammetric Sensor Based on a Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Amare Meareg , Abicho Samuel , Admassie Shimelis
Published: April 2014

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with poly(4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid) (poly-AHNSA) was used for the selective and sensitive determination of fenitrothion (FT) organophosphorus pesticide in water. The electrochemical behavior of FT at the bare GCE and the poly-AHNSA/GCE were compared using cyclic voltammetry. Enhanced peak current response and shift to a lower potential at the polymer-modified electrode indicated the electrocatalytic activity of the polymer film towards FT. Under optimized solution and method parameters, the adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetric reductive peak current of FT was linear to FT concentration in the range of 0.001 to 6.6 × 10–6 M, and the LOD obtained (3δ/m) was 7.95 × 10–10 M. Recoveries in the range 96–98% of spiked FT in tap water and reproducible results with RSD of 2.6% (n = 5) were obtained, indicating the potential applicability of the method for the determination of trace levels of FT in environmental samples.
Preconcentration/Separation of Some Trace Metal Ions From Water Samples by a New Synthesized Chelating Resin
Authors: Şener Seher , Tokalıoğlu Şerife , Özentürk İsmail , Soykan Cengiz
Published: April 2014

A solid phase extractor, poly(N,N′-dipropionitrile methacrylamide-co-divinylbenzene-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), was synthesized and used for separation/preconcentration of traces of Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) from various water samples prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The characterization of the synthesized resin was performed by elemental analysis and IR spectrometry. Parameters such as pH, volume and concentration of the eluent, flow rate of the sample solution, sample volume, and interfering ions affecting the column SPE were examined. The optimum pH was found to be 3. The retained metal ions were desorbed from the column with 10 mL of 1 M HCl eluent. A high preconcentration factor, 40–100; low RSD, ≤2.8%; and low LOD values, ≤1.74 μg/L, were obtained. The adsorption capacity of the resin was in the range of 6.80–12.4 mg/g for all the elements. The reusability of the resin was excellent. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing certified reference materials (TMDA-70 Lake Water and SPS-WW1 Batch 111-Wastewater) and spiked water samples. The method was successfully applied to the determination of metal ions in tap, lake, and dam waters.
Determination of Total Carbohydrates in Wine and Wine-Like Beverages by HPLC with a Refractive Index Detector: First Action 2013.12
Authors: Kupina Steve , Roman Mark ,   Collaborators:, Anderson D , Bhandari S , Cardozo M S , Chandra A , Hartless C , Kelm M , Masson L R , Neudahl J , Roberts D , Zhang J
Published: April 2014

An international collaborative study was conducted of an HPLC-refractive index (RI) detector method for the determination of the combined amounts of sugars, glycerol, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in wines and wine-like beverages. Nine collaboratinglaboratories representing major winery, contract laboratories, and government laboratories tested eight different materials as blind duplicates using the proposed method. Sample materials included red and white wines, port, wine cooler, and nonalcoholic wine. One material was a negative control, and one material was a reference material. Samples were either treated with an ion-exchange resin to remove interferingorganic acids prior to analysis or left untreated toinclude organic acids and phenolics. Red wine samples were treated with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone to remove potential interferences from phenolics prior to analysis. The HPLC analyses were performed on a Bio-Rad Fast Acid Analysis Column using RI detection. Reproducibility (RSDR) for untreated samples(sugars + phenolics + organic acids) ranged from 6.6% for Titrivin AA4 reference material to 11.0% for dry red wine. RSDR for treated samples (sugars only) ranged from 6.8% for white zinfandel to 18.9% for dry white wine. RSDR for treatedsamples (sugars only) + glycerol ranged from 6.4% for white zinfandel to 19.8% for dry red wine. Based on these results, the method was adopted as Official First Action status for determination of total carbohydrates in wine and wine-like beverages.
Validation of the MicroSnap Coliform and E. coli Test System for Enumeration and Detection of Coliforms and E. coli in a Variety of Foods
Authors: Meighan Paul
Published: April 2014

The MicroSnap Coliform and E. coli system was devised to give rapid enumeration and detection of coliforms and/or Escherichia coli strains in a sample of food within an 8h working shift. The method measures β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase enzymes using novel bioluminogenic substrates which develop an outputlight signal proportional to the concentration of enzyme discovered. The assay uses two different phasesto determine the enzyme concentration. The first phase is an enrichment of the sample in a nutrient-richbroth device at 37 ± 0.5°C. After 6 or8 h, an aliquot is taken from the enrichment device and injected into the Coliform Detection Device, which is assayed in a luminometer after 10 min of incubation at 37 ± 0.5°C. Samples testing positive in the Coliform Detection Device can be subsequently assayed specifically for E. coli using the E. coli Detection Device. The relative light unit output from the detection device is proportional to the bacterial concentration when the incubation was initiated, which is proportional to the contamination level in the matrix being assessed. The MicroSnap Coliform and E. coli system was evaluated for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of coliforms and E. coli in a variety of foods. Threedifferent luminometers were used in the analysis, each of which has different functionalities and different sensitivities. The MicroSnap method showed good correlation with the appropriate corresponding reference method for enumeration of coliforms and E. coli. A statistically significant difference was seen in detection of E. coli in milk, as reported by the independent laboratory. The reference method reported higher mean Log10 CFU counts than the MicroSnap method; however, no significant differences were seen between the MicroSnap system and reference methods for any ofthe other matrixes. Inclusivity testing was conducted on 25 different non-E. coli coliforms and 25 different E. coli strains, and exclusivity testing was conducted on 30 different species of nontarget organisms. Two E.coli strains were not detected in the Coliform Detection Device after 8 h on one of the instruments. All other inclusivity strains tested were detected after 8 h of incubation. None of the exclusivity strains were detected. The lot-to-lot and kit stability studies showed no statistical differences between lots or over the term of the shelf-life. Robustness studies indicate that the timing of incubation for the detection phase is critical for correct system functioning.