bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frühkindliche Bildung im Botanischen Garten der Universität Leipzig
Authors: Engelmann Rolf A. , Lohs Ute , Kiess Wieland
Published: August 2023

Viele Botanische Gärten mit ihren Pflanzensammlungen sind heute wichtige und breit aufgestellte Bildungsorte. Im Kern wird hier ein umfassendes Verständnis gefördert, warum Pflanzen und ihre Vielfalt notwendig für alles Leben auf unserer Erde sind. Auch der Botanische Garten der Universität Leipzig widmet sich dieser Bildungsaufgabe als wichtigen Auftrag im Bereich Wissenstransfer. Mit einem ganzheitlichen Bildungskonzept wird, neben einem breiten Angebot für Schulkinder, im Projekt „Kindergarten – Gartenkinder“ ein Angebot für eine noch jüngere Zielgruppe geschaffen. Dieses frühkindliche Bildungsangebot schafft für Kinder einen Raum für frühe Naturerfahrungen. Das von den Kindern Erlebte kann unter Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung oder globales Lernen zusammengefasst werden. Neben dem Angebot für die Kinder selbst, ist die Vorstellung des Angebots an pädagogisches und therapeutisches Fachpersonal ein wichtiger Transferbaustein. Nur mit vielen und an die jeweiligen Örtlichkeiten angepassten Bildungsangeboten verschiedener Akteure können wir das Ziel erreichen, dass alle Kinder bis zum 6. Lebensjahr eine erste Vorstellung von der Bedeutung der Pflanzen und des Lebens entwickeln können.
Acute Effects of Different Conditioning Activities on Amateur Soccer
Players
Authors: Silva-Neto Manoel E. , Oliveira Saulo F. M. , V. Oliveira José Igor , Gomes Willemax S. , Lira Hugo A. A. S. , Fortes Leonardo S.
Published: August 2023

Several warm-up activities are used to prepare soccer players for training and
games. However, few studies have focused on comparing different activities
(strength vs. stretching) in young and amateur athletes, especially for
performance improvement in explosive actions. Thus, in order to compare the
effect of four conditioning activities on jump and sprint performances, 12
soccer athletes (age: 19±0.8; weight (kg): 72.8±8.0; height
(cm): 180±6.7) performed four warm-up activities: strength exercise
(cluster system), combined exercise, plyometric exercise, and static stretching
(control). The countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30-meter run (30-m Sprint) were
performed 10 min after each experimental condition. A ONE-WAY ANOVA test
of repeated measures was conducted with a Tukey’s post-hoc test to
compare the conditions. The strength conditioning activity protocol
(33.68±2.87) showed a significant difference for the CMJ from static
stretching (30.96±3.16) (p>0.05). There were significant
differences regarding the 30-m Sprint test between strength conditioning
(4.72±0.19) and combined activities (4.71±0.21) compared to
static stretching (4.84±0.21) (p>0.05). In conclusion, the
combined conditioning activity and strength protocols can be chosen in warm-up
activities instead of static stretching (control condition) for improved
immediate sprint and jump abilities in amateur soccer players.
Lymphatic Malformations in Parkes Weber's Syndrome: Retrospective Review of 16 Cases in a Vascular Anomalies Center
Authors: Moreno Alfonso Julio César , Méndez-Maestro Irune , Coll i Prat Aniol , Rodríguez-Laguna Lara , Martínez-Glez Victor , Triana Paloma , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: August 2023

Introduction Parkes Weber's syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth and vascular malformations, primarily affecting the extremities. While PWS is known to be associated with arteriovenous and capillary malformations, the potential involvement of lymphatic malformations (LMs) has not been previously reported. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of lymphatic anomalies in PWS patients and their role in the development of limb asymmetry.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with PWS in a Vascular Anomalies Center from 1994 to 2020. Clinical data were obtained from medical records including diagnostic imaging, lymphoscintigraphy, and genetic testing. The Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee have approved this study.

Results A total of 16 patients aged 18 interquartile range 14.7 years diagnosed with PWS were included (50% female). Six of the 16 patients with PWS had clinical and imaging data suggestive of LM (37.5%) and 3 of them had genetic variants in RASA1 (2/3) or KRAS (1/3). Limb asymmetry was greater in patients with isolated PWS (2.6 ± 0.8 cm) than in the PWS-lymphatic anomalies population (2 ± 0.7 cm), although not significant (p = 0.247). One in 6 patients with PWS-LM required amputation (16.6%) versus 1 in 10 in isolated PWS (10%).

Conclusion Lymphatic anomalies may be present in a significant number of patients with PWS and could have a role in limb asymmetry and outcomes. It is paramount to investigate their existence and distinguish them from true overgrowth.
Updated Hemodynamic Definition and Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Lechartier Benoit , Kularatne Mithum , Jaïs Xavier , Humbert Marc , Montani David
Published: August 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological manifestation of a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormally elevated pulmonary arterial pressures diagnosed on right heart catheterization. The 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PH provides a new hemodynamic definition to define PH by lowering the threshold of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) to 20 mm Hg. Precapillary PH is thus now defined as a mPAP >20 mm Hg together with a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (<15 mm Hg) and an increased pulmonary vascular resistance (>2 Wood Units). The ESC/ERS 2022 Guidelines also introduce a revised clinical classification of PH while retaining its previous distinction between the five groups according to the underlying pathophysiology.
Labour market, social welfare, and migrant remittance: COVID-19 implications in the UK
Authors: Kaya Tilbe Fethiye
Published: August 2023

Immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, most countries took measures to prevent international human mobility. While the economic consequences of the pandemic significantly reduced remittances sent by migrants through formal channels, restrictions on human mobility almost halted the cross-border movements of remittances through informal channels. Policy measures related to the labour market and social welfare practices have also played determining roles in remittance transfers. This paper aims to examine how the labour-market participation of migrants and pandemic-induced financial support affect remittances sent migrants to their home countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. The author used an inductive approach and analysed qualitative data from two groups of Turkish migrants with different status in the UK labour market. The findings demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic measures to restrict human mobility, migrants’ income/job losses, and dependence on tightly regulated financial support can have devastating effects on remittances sent from the UK to Turkey through both formal and informal channels. This study contributes to remittance literature by evincing the vicious cycle of irregularity in the relationships among remittances, labour markets, and welfare regulations in host countries. In countries with a tight regulatory system, irregularity in the labour market brings about irregularities in money transfers. In possible future events where there is a high probability of an economic downturn and travel restrictions, such as pandemic, natural disasters, armed conflicts and so on, especially for migrants, it is important to set a minimum base wage which can be referred to as ‘Temporary Basic Income Support’. This policy proposal is important as measures that facilitate remittance transfers through formal channels, are one of the most important means of reducing global inequalities and disadvantages.
Effect of anode shape on neutron and x-ray emission in dense plasma focus
Authors: Novotny J. , Cikhardt J. , Cikhardtova B. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Kubes P. , Malir J. , Munzar V. , Rezac K.
Published: August 2023

The neutron and x-ray production is investigated in various pulse-power devices for a deeper understanding of the ion and electron acceleration mechanisms and the application of pulsed neutron sources. We present the extensive results from an anode shape experiment carried out on the PFZ-200 plasma focus device. The various shapes of anodes were tested, including cylinders, tapers, or rounded tips. The experimental shots with a peak current above 200 kA were performed in pure deuterium working gas at 280–600 Pa pressure to obtain maximal neutron yield for each anode shape. The average neutron yields are in the range of (1–2) ×108 neutrons/shot. Outstanding findings about x-ray emission were obtained with the group of tapered anode tips. Using the scintillation detectors shielded by 5 cm thick lead bricks, we obtained the hard x-ray signals with photons exceeding 600 keV energy. Such relatively high x-ray energy indicates the optimized conditions for electron and ion acceleration. At the same time, the individual shots have been well reproducible. Therefore, we were able to study plasma dynamics with the schlieren images taken at different times at different shots.
Nitrogen buffer gas pressure tuning in a micro-machined vapor cell
Authors: Dyer S. , McWilliam A. , Hunter D. , Ingleby S. , Burt D. P. , Sharp O. , Mirando F. , Griffin P. F. , Riis E. , McGilligan J. P.
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a controllable depletion of the nitrogen buffer gas pressure in a micro-machined cesium (Cs) vapor cell from the dynamic heating of an alkali dispenser pill. When the alkali source is laser activated, the gettering compounds within the alkali pill dispenser reduce the nitrogen (N2) content from the vapor for fine-tuning of the alkali to buffer gas pressure ratio, with a demonstrated pressure step size as low as 1 Torr. Additionally, we decrease the buffer gas pressure below 100 mTorr to evaluate the presence of other potential broadening mechanisms. Real-time control of the gas pressure ratio in the vapor cell will have notable benefits for refining atomic sensor performance and provide a routine to achieve various target pressures across a wafer bonded with a uniform back-filled buffer gas pressure.
Electrothermal actuation of NEMS resonators: Modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Ma Monan , Ekinci K. L.
Published: August 2023

We study the electrothermal actuation of nanomechanical motion using a combination of numerical simulations and analytical solutions. The nanoelectrothermal actuator structure is a u-shaped gold nanoresistor that is patterned on the anchor of a doubly clamped nanomechanical beam or a microcantilever resonator. This design has been used in recent experiments successfully. In our finite-element analysis (FEA) based model, our input is an ac current; we first calculate the temperature oscillations due to Joule heating using Ohm’s law and the heat equation; we then determine the thermally induced bending moment and the displacement profile of the beam by coupling the temperature field to Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with tension. Our model efficiently combines transient and frequency-domain analyses: we compute the temperature field using a transient approach and then impose this temperature field as a harmonic perturbation for determining the mechanical response in the frequency domain. This unique modeling method offers lower computational complexity and improved accuracy and is faster than a fully transient FEA approach. Our dynamical model computes the temperature and displacement fields in the time domain over a broad range of actuation frequencies and amplitudes. We validate the numerical results by directly comparing them with experimentally measured displacement amplitudes of nano-electro-mechanical system beams around their eigenmodes in vacuum. Our model predicts a thermal time constant of 1.9 ns in vacuum for our particular structures, indicating that electrothermal actuation is efficient up to ∼80 MHz. We also investigate the thermal response of the actuator when immersed in a variety of fluids.
Thermophoresis migration of an aerosol spherical particle embedded in a Brinkman medium at small non-zero Péclet numbers
Authors: Faltas M. S. , Sherief H. H. , Ismail M. Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to investigate the problem of thermophoresis migration of an aerosol spherical particle immersed in a porous medium saturated by a viscous fluid at a small non-zero Péclet number Pe. A uniform temperature gradient is imposed on the system parallel to the diameter of the particle in the opposite direction of z axis. It is assumed that the Knudsen number is in the range of the slip fluid flow through the pores of the porous medium and is compatible with the assumption of the continuum model. The porous medium is modeled by the Brinkman equation and is assumed to be homogenous and isotropic, and the solid matrix is in thermal equilibrium with the fluid through the voids of the medium. In the analysis of motion, the thermal stress slip is considered in addition to the temperature jump, the thermal creep, and the frictional slip. The thermophoretic velocity of the particle is obtained in the closed form up to order Pe3 as a function of the thermal properties of the system and the permeability of the porous medium. The present asymptotic analytical solutions can be viewed as an effective method for checking the numerical schemes for future work on arbitrary values of the Péclet number. The limiting case of the thermophoretic velocity for the Stokes clear fluid is recovered.
A data-driven Reynolds-number-dependent model for turbulent mean flow prediction in circular jets
Authors: Li Zhiyang , He Chuangxin , Liu Yingzheng
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a data-driven turbulence model for predicting the mean flow in turbulent circular jets over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re). The main formulation is adapted from the well-known k–ε model (where k is the turbulent kinetic energy, and ε is the dissipation rate) with a set Re-dependent variation of the model constants. The k–ε model with Tam–Thies correction is applied with model constants optimized using data assimilation based on the ensemble Kalman filter to minimize the deviation between the model prediction and experimental data. The model constants of converging jets at Re = 10 700, 20 100, and 95 500 are fitted using logarithmic curves with respect to Re to obtain a universal formulation for predicting the jet mean flow under various flow conditions. The model using the fitted model constants, named the k–ε–Re model, can accurately predict the mean flow in both converging and orifice jets at various Re. While the k–ε–Re model is directly applied to the pipe jets, much better prediction can be obtained at high Reynolds numbers (Re ≥ 21 000 presently) compared with the default k–ε model. However, certain discrepancy with experimental data is observed at 5 ≤ x/D ≤ 15 at Re = 6000 and 16 000. Further improvement can be achieved by assimilating the fitting coefficients based on the pipe jet data. The k–ε–Re model is adequately generalizable and can predict the mean flow in different circular jets at a moderate or high Re (≥ 21 000), while further improvement can be obtained by the data assimilation and recalibration based on the specific nozzle type at a small Re.
Phase space perspective on a model for isomerization in an optical cavity
Authors: Mondal Subhadip , Keshavamurthy Srihari
Published: August 2023

Explanation for the modification of rates and mechanism of reactions carried out in optical cavities still eludes us. Several studies indicate that the cavity-mediated changes in the nature of vibrational energy flow within a molecule may play a significant role. Here, we study a model polaritonic system, proposed and analyzed earlier by Fischer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 154305 (2022), comprising a one-dimensional isomerization mode coupled to a single photon mode in a lossless cavity. We show that the isomerization probability in the presence of virtual photons, for specific cavity–system coupling strengths and cavity frequencies, can exhibit suppression or enhancement for different choices of the initial reactant vibropolariton wavepacket. We observe a qualitative agreement between the classical and quantum average isomerization probabilities in the virtual photon case. A significant part of the effects due to coupling to the cavity can be rationalized in terms of a “chaos–order–chaos” transition of the classical phase space and the phase space localization nature of the polariton states that dominantly participate in the quantum isomerization dynamics. On the other hand, for initial states with zero photons (i.e., a “dark cavity”), the isomerization probability is suppressed when the cavity frequency is tuned near to the fundamental frequency of the reactive mode. The classical–quantum correspondence in the zero photon case is unsatisfactory. In this simple model, we find that the suppression or enhancement of isomerization arises due to the interplay between cavity–system energy flow dynamics and quantum tunneling.
Glass transition temperature of (ultra-)thin polymer films
Authors: Hsu Hsiao-Ping , Kremer Kurt
Published: August 2023

The glass transition temperature of confined and free-standing polymer films of varying thickness is studied by extended molecular dynamics simulations of bead–spring chains. The results are connected to the statistical properties of the polymers in the films, where the chain lengths range from short, unentangled to highly entangled. For confined films, perfect scaling of the thickness-dependent end-to-end distance and radius of gyrations normalized to their bulk values in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the surfaces is obtained. In particular, the reduced end-to-end distance in the perpendicular direction is very well described by an extended Silberberg model. For bulk polymer melts, the relation between the chain length and Tg follows the Fox–Flory equation. For films, no further confinement induced chain length effect is observed. Tg decreases and is well described by Keddie’s formula, where the reduction is more pronounced for free-standing films. It is shown that Tg begins to deviate from bulk Tg at the characteristic film thickness, where the average bond orientation becomes anisotropic and the entanglement density decreases.
Color image encryption scheme based on quantum random walk and chaotic mapping system
Authors: Mou Dingkang , Dong Yumin , Yan Rui
Published: August 2023

In this study, the quantum random walk is used to generate the initial conditions and control parameters of the chaotic mapping system. The R, G, and B channels of the color image are sorted according to the chaotic sequence generated by the Arcsin–Rrccos–Tent chaotic mapping. At the same time, the chaotic sequence generated by the improved logistic chaotic mapping is used to match it with the rules of DNA encoding and decoding. The chaotic sequence generated by the improved Henon chaotic mapping is used to determine the DNA rules and the number of cycles when the image is encrypted and decrypted. The XOR operation is performed by each pixel of the color image and the DNA complementary rule, and the cyclic iterative processing is performed. Extensive experimental results and analysis show that the scheme performs well in protecting image privacy and resisting attacks.
Tasmanian Mayflies
Authors: Thresher Ron
Published: August 2023

Mayflies are one of the world’s most diverse, abundant and important aquatic insects. Famous for their brief adult life spans, mayflies play a key role in the ecology of aquatic and associated terrestrial ecosystems, and are critical bioindicators of ecosystem health.

Sitting at the southern limit of Australia’s temperate zone, Tasmania is home to a diverse array of mayflies and renowned fisheries based on them. The state’s storied ‘Lambda Dun’ hatches bring fishers from all over Australia to try their luck each summer on its rivers and ponds. Yet little is known about their behaviour and ecology, and more than half of the mayflies in Tasmania have never been described.

This extensively illustrated book is the first synthesis of the biology of south-east Australia’s mayflies, with a focus on those in Tasmania. It combines information gleaned from scientific literature as well as more than 30 years of the author’s studies and flyfishing experiences. It explores the biology, identification, conservation, ecology and behaviour of mayflies, and also includes fishing strategies and fly patterns.

Tasmanian Mayflies is an essential information source for Australia’s aquatic biologists and for flyfishers, novice and experienced alike, who chase the insects and the fish that feed on them.
The Beginning of Quantitative Sociolinguistics in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bøegh Kristoffer Friis , Bakker Peter , Hansen Inger Schoonderbeek , Levisen Carsten
Published: August 2023

In 1898, a young Dane, Anker Jensen (1878–1937), published a pioneering study in which he investigated the linguistic
situation in Aaby, then a village and parish located just west of Aarhus (the second-largest city of Denmark, in Jutland), and today an
integrated part of the city. Anker Jensen’s article can safely be considered the first sociolinguistic study in a Danish context, and it may
in fact be the world’s first quantitative sociolinguistic study altogether. Jensen’s research was ahead of its time, and written in Danish,
and for these reasons it has gone largely unnoticed internationally. In this article, we present an introduction to Anker Jensen’s Aaby
study, providing background information and additional context for modern readers, as well as offering an overview of the author’s collected
works, both published and unpublished. We also briefly discuss our translation into English of the original 1898 article. The translation is
likewise published in this issue of Historiographia Linguistica.
Conversiones Religiosas e Identitarias al Islam
Authors: Boris Tarré Marta
Published: August 2023

Religious and Identity Conversions to Islam: A Transatlantic Study of Spaniards and US latinos examines how two groups with historical, cultural, and linguistic commonalities redefine their new religious identity and make sense of their conversion to Islam, not only as national groups but also, as Hispanos. In short, converts examine how history, culture, and language are utilized to make sense of their new religious identity and to legitimize their religious choices. History is then examined, one that is rooted in pre-colonized Spain, and not in colonizing Spain; culture is transformed by adopting new practices and omitting others; and language is strategized to redefine the new religious identity , which is carried out through loanwords, code-switching, transferences and other linguistic strategies. In short, this book represents the first transatlantic study of conversions to Islam among Spaniards and US latinos through the study of history, culture and language.
Results of 23 yr of Pulsar Timing of PSR J1453-6413
Authors: Li Wei , Dang Shi-Jun , Yuan Jian-Ping , Li Lin , Wang Wei-Hua , Shang Lun-Hua , Wang Na , Li Qing-Ying , Lu Ji-Guang , Kou Fei-Fei , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Xiao Shuo , Zhi Qi-Jun , Liu Yu-Lan , Zhao Ru-Shuang , Dong Ai-Jun , Zhang Bin , You Zi-Yi , Cai Yan-Qing , Yang Ya-Qin , Ren Ying-Ying , Liu Yu-Jia , Xu Heng
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we presented the 23.3 yr of pulsar timing results of PSR J1456−6413 based on the observations of Parkes 64 m radio telescope. We detected two new glitches at MJD 57093(3) and 59060(12) and confirmed its first glitch at MJD 54554(10). The relative sizes (Δν/ν) of these two new glitches are 0.9 × 10−9 and 1.16 × 10−9, respectively. Using the “Cholesky” timing analysis method, we have determined its position, proper motion, and two-dimensional transverse velocities from the data segments before and after the second glitch, respectively. Furthermore, we detected exponential recovery behavior after the first glitch, with a recovery timescale of approximately 200 days and a corresponding exponential recovery factor Q of approximately 0.15(2), while no exponential recovery was detected for the other two glitches. More interestingly, we found that the leading component of the integral pulse profile after the second glitch became stronger, while the main component became weaker. Our results will expand the sample of pulsars with magnetosphere fluctuation triggered by the glitch event.
A Study of Elemental Abundance Pattern of the r-II Star HD 222925
Authors: Wen Fang , Han Wan-Qiang , Cui Wen-Yuan , Li Hong-Jie , Zhang Bo
Published: August 2023

HD 222925 is a rare r-process enhanced star in the Milky Way because of its metal abundance ([Fe/H] =−1.46 ± 0.10) and Eu abundance ([Eu/Fe] = 1.32 ± 0.08). Based on the very complete set of elemental abundances of HD 222925, we use the abundance decomposition method to fit the observed abundances of 58 elements in the sample star, which is also the largest number of elemental abundances fitted at the same time for a fixed star. We analyze the astrophysical origins of elements in HD 222925 by its abundance ratios and component ratios. It is found that the light elements and the iron group elements in HD 222925 mainly originate from the primary process of the Type II supernovae (SNe II) with the progenitor mass M > 10 M
⊙ and have no contribution from SNe Ia and the first generation of very massive stars. The contribution of the weak r-process to Ga, Ge, and As is superior to that of the other processes, and its contribution decreases linearly with increasing atomic number. The main r-process that is likely derived from a neutron star merger plays a key role in the formation of neutron-capture elements (Z ≥ 38) in HD 222925.
Preliminary Identification of Functional Decommissioned Solar Photovoltaic Modules from Solar Farms: A case study in Thailand
Authors: Limmanee Amornrat , Sitthiphol Nopphadol , Jaroensathainchok Suttinan , Pluemkamon Rangson , Kotesopa Saifon , Udomdachanut Nuttakarn , Krajangsang Taweewat , Hongsingthong Aswin
Published: August 2023

Some decommissioned solar photovoltaic (PV) modules from solar power plants are still well-performed and worth reusing. Test procedure and conditions to separate between functional and expired modules is thus key points. This study has proposed a 3-step process; 1) visual inspection, 2) insulation test and 3) outdoor current-voltage (I-V) curve measurement, to preliminary screen and divide modules into six groups: A+, A, B, C, D and F. The review criterion covers quality, safety and reliability aspects. All processes have been carried on-site and test results have been recorded in a software tool called ‟Solar Sure”. 258 retired PV modules from six solar farms in Thailand has been surveyed. It was found that some multi c-Si modules showed very low insulation resistance. 74% of the total amount of modules in this study still have the maximum power output of above 70% of their initial value, suggesting a potential for second use. The observed results of this preliminary survey are informative for a further study on field-aged PV reliability in the tropics and also useful for a preparation of a guideline for promoting reuse of decommissioned functional PV modules in Thailand.
Development of Modified Mesoporous Carbon from Palm oil Biomass for Energy Storage Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Goodwin Vituruch , Jitreewas Parinya , Sesuk Thanathon , Limthongkul Pimpa , Charojrochkul Sumittra
Published: August 2023

Energy storage system research including battery and supercapacitor devices has been studied to increase efficiency, lower their cost and improve environmental friendliness. Supercapacitor (SC) device offers high transient response and power density which suitable for many applications. The electrodes in supercapacitor device usually produced from highly porous carbon materials. In this study, the modified mesoporous carbon was produced from Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass. The production of mesoporous carbon was done using a low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization process. The mesoporous carbon from EFB biomass has shown good properties in terms of high surface area and porosity. To improve the electrical conductivity of the carbon the modification by nitrogen doping with ammonium chloride and urea was studied. The effect of different nitrogen sources on surface area and pore properties were reported. The modified mesopore carbon was tested in a symmetrical swagelok supercapacitor cell to evaluate the specific capacitance and efficiency using galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The modified mesoporous carbon with urea doped exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 121 F g-1 at current loading of 0.1 A g-1 in an aqueous 1M H2SO4 electrolyte. The modified mesoporous carbon with urea doped has lower internal resistance due to nitrogen from urea enhance the electronic conductivity of the electrodes and thus increase the supercapacitor performance.
Potential Integration of Waste to Energy (WtE) and Carbon Mineralization Technology in Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksono Pradhipto Bagas , Triwigati Purnaning Tuwuh
Published: August 2023

Several issues such as environment, finance, and policies in the development of Waste to Energy (WtE) in Indonesia require strategic and appropriate handling. This study offers a promising solution by integrating WtE incineration process with carbon mineralization as one of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS): adding CO2 capture technology to the existing system and CO2 will be reacted with fly ash residue producing insoluble carbonates to stabilize the heavy metals contained. Moreover, with a combustion capacity of 1000 tons of waste/day scenario, it is equivalent to a reduction of carbon emissions of up to 25 tCO2 per day. A feasibility study in Estonia revealed that if WtE is integrated with carbon mineralization, the resulting Net Present Value (NPV) is up to 9,209,662 EUR. This can be an opportunity for Indonesia to solve the financial issues as the existing WtE only generates 133,500 EUR of NPV. Additionally, the existing policy states that the construction of a WtE plant must be accompanied by a residue treatment plant facility. So that in addition to increasing profits and environmental benefits, this integration also can help simplify the complexity of WtE development requirements because residue treatment becomes easier.
Application of Demand-Side Management (DSM) for evaluation and optimization of Electric Vehicle’s charging cycles
Authors: Vu Giang N H , Hoang Nhat , Nguyen Tuyen D
Published: August 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been known as potential transportation alternatives for internal combustion engines thanks to lower carbon emissions and high energy efficiency. The combination of EVs with other renewable energy sources (RES) is a viable solution for eliminating the emission on the road and during the electricity generation process, reducing the reliance of EVs energy demand on the non-renewables. However, the higher penetration of EVs and unpredictable charging dynamics could burden the power system tremendously. This study proposes a demand-side management (DSM) strategy for an EVs-integrated residential grid with the assistance of grid-tied rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. The main objectives are to minimize the peak and fluctuation load while ensuring the EVs’ effective charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheme based on time-of-use (TOU) tariff and real-time pricing (RTP). The EVs’ traveling distances, driving periods, initial state-of-charge (SOCs), and plugging states are considered. One-day simulation in different scenarios was carried out to evaluate the strategies. The results indicate that the proposed model can reduce load demand, flatten the load curve, and reduce electricity costs, maintaining the system’s stability. The approach can be an indicator for load aggregators and utilities to manage PEVs as DSM tools in the system.
Water Tenure Security for Palm Oil, Hydropower, and Geothermal
Authors: AlAfghani Mohamad Mova , Susetyo Budi
Published: August 2023

Oil palm plantation, hydropower and geothermal depend on water to sustain their operations. This paper will analyze two factors affecting its water tenure security: how water is allocated in the legal framework and the relative strength of a particular tenure against other tenures. The case study areas are the Kahayan Catchment (Central Kalimantan) and the Citarum Catchment (West Java). This paper applies FAO’s analytical framework: elaborate tenure typology, map water uses and weigh the security of the particular tenure with some modification. We find that the water tenure security for oil palm is weak since it sits at the bottom rung of the allocation framework. We posited that environmental water use, especially for the prevention of forest fires – as well as water, uses for daily basic needs would be prioritized over commercial water use for smallholder oil palm farmers or corporate oil palm. Furthermore, customary water tenure, although weak in the legal sense (de jure), can be strong in terms of practice (de facto); this could diminish oil palm water tenure security should there be an overlap or intersections among them. Water tenure security for hydropower is “weak to medium” – but this depends on whether they are related to investment schemes that could strengthen their tenure legally. In the legal framework, the allocation for hydropower is prioritized below daily basic needs, drinking water utilities, and smallholder crops. Following a legal analysis, we find that the strength of water tenure for geothermal in conservation area is weak.
The Relationship between Sustainability Performance and Financial Performance with External Assurance as the Moderating Variable in Indonesian Listed Companies
Authors: Dewi A , Widyawati L
Published: August 2023

Sustainability reporting has been mandated in several ASEAN countries, and the trend toward more extensive reporting is expected to continue due to regulatory and market pressures. Sustainability reporting would be expected to be the subject of external assurance to bring competitive advantage through verifiable quality of sustainability performance information. This study aims to examine the relationship between sustainability performance disclosure and financial performance as well as how external assurance moderates the relationship. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of external assurance as a quality enhancement mechanism for sustainability performance information. This study employs quantitative research, specifically a regression analysis of empirical cross-section data using samples from 63 listed companies in Indonesia that published sustainability reports in 2020. The sustainability performance disclosure is measured based on the disclosure required by Circular Letter SEOJK/16/2021. Financial performance is measured by price to book value, and the provision of external assurance is used as the moderating variable. The results indicate that sustainability performance disclosure and financial performance do not show a significant relationship unless the sustainability report is externally assured. The assurance has been found to positively moderate the previously insignificant relationship; hence, external assurance was considered a relevant, strong, and credible signal for investors.
Analysis of Thermal Performance of Naturally Ventilated Residential Building in Tropical Climate: Case Study of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Taing Kimnenh , Andre Philippe , Leclercq Pierre
Published: August 2023

Comfort of the building is one of the important factors that is hard to achieve for architects and engineers as it depends on both physic and psychological parameter. This paper discusses these two aspects on the thermal performance of residential building in context of hothumid climate. Three different types of residential buildings including townhouse, detached house and apartment building in Phnom Penh, Cambodia were chosen as the case studies. The analysis of thermal performance of each house is based on (a) the measurement of physical parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity), (b) occupants survey to compare with data from the measurement and (c) interview with the occupants to know about their satisfaction and sensation to the physical parameters. Impact of different designs of houses on thermal performance and the importance of influential physical parameters for tropical climate is analysed. Comparison of results to the Fanger’s model also indicate the importance of air velocity in thermal comfort for tropical region. The survey shows that in natural ventilation, women in their 20s to 30s feel comfortable with the temperature of 29 to 30°C and humidity of 73 to 75%.
Performance evaluation of anaerobic baffled reactor and filter for treating medium-strength wastewater using natural sludge growth and different hydraulic retention times
Authors: Pang Borith , Sou Kimeng , Kit Kann , Huor Sotheara , Chhim Sophara , Khorn Sreyleak , Chan Rathborey , Ham Phaly , Bun Saret
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and an anaerobic filter (AF) in treating medium-strength wastewater under natural sludge growth conditions and different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12h and 24h. The ABR reactor has five compartments with a total capacity of 71 L, whereas the AF reactor with 70% sponge bio-media has five compartments with a total volume of 51 L. Both reactors required 13 weeks to achieve steady-state without adding sludge seeds during the startup phase. During that period, total suspended solid (TSS) removal was 80-90% in the AF and only 60-70% in the ABR. Furthermore, the average COD removal in the AF was determined to be 50-60% and 70-80% under HRT of 12h and 24h, respectively, but the ABR in these conditions could only accomplish 40-50%. To conclude, the AF reactor running under 24h HRT performs better than other conditions. In this case, it is due to the presence of 70% sponge bio-media in each compartment, which plays an important role in retaining suspended particles in the system. Furthermore, the initial attachment of sludge to sponge media may enhance the active microorganisms in the reactor, resulting in increased COD removal through organic digestion.
Effects of atomic layer deposition on the optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Authors: Turunen Mikko , Fernandez Henry , Akkanen Suvi-Tuuli , Seppänen Heli , Sun Zhipei
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest due to their unique optoelectronic properties. More often, these materials are enclosed inside a dielectric layer that can work as an insulator for field-effect transistors. The insulating layer is typically grown with atomic layer deposition (ALD). Here, we study the effects on bare and hBN-covered monolayer MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with ALD TiO2 films. Our results reveal a significant shift and decrease in intensity in photoluminescence and Raman signals of the monolayer TMDs. Further analysis suggests that these changes are caused by chemical doping, strain, and dielectric screening after the ALD. Our study not only sheds light on the impact of ALD on the properties of TMDs, but also indicates ALD can be an alternative method to engineer the doping, strain and dielectric environment for potential optoelectronics and photonics applications.
Vat polymerization 3D printing of composite acrylate photopolymer-based coated glass beads
Authors: Enayati Gerdroodbar Amirhossein , Alihemmati Hura , Zeighami Mohsen , Bodaghi Mahdi , Kouzani Abbas Z , Pourabbas Behzad , Zolfagharian Ali
Published: August 2023

Vat photopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been used as an efficient method for complex and special geometries in various applications. Composites are also a group of polymer materials that are obtained by adding a reinforcing component such as filler, fibres with different origins. Therefore, the development of 3D printable composites is paramount due to their high precision and speed of production. Glass beads (GBs) have been favorites as economical reinforcement agents for their chemical stability, water resistance in acidic environments, dimensional stability, and eco-friendly properties. In this study, 3D printable composites based on coated glass beads (CGBs) have been prepared. First, the beads are coated with ultraviolet (UV) curable resins to improve the interface with the polymer matrix. Then, CGBs are mixed with 3D printing resin and formulated for digital light processing (DLP) printing. The coating process is checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed composite structures have been evaluated by bending and compression tests. Also, the fracture behavior of cured resin has been checked with SEM. Mechanical property investigations have shown the success of the 3D printing of the CGBs into a photopolymer resin (PR) composite with behavior modification and compatibility of the interface with the matrix in practice.
Exploring the potential of T-Graphene-like BC2N monolayer as an anode material for Na/K-Ion batteries
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Lin Jiahe , Li Renquan , Lin Qiubao
Published: August 2023

We conducted a thorough analysis to assess the suitability of a T-graphene-like BC2N monolayer as an electrode material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) using first-principles calculations. Our investigation demonstrates the chemical adsorption of Na/K atoms onto the BC2N monolayer, which exhibits metallic properties after Na/K adsorption, ensuring excellent electrode conductivity. The average open-circuit voltages for Na and K are 0.39–0.12 V and 0.87–0.14 V, respectively. Furthermore, the BC2N monolayer revealed significantly lower Na/K diffusion barriers (0.40 eV for Na and 0.22 eV for K) and higher storage capacities (1647 mAh g−1 for Na and 2196 mAh g−1 for K) compared to conventional two-dimensional anode materials. These exceptional characteristics highlight the promising potential of the T-graphene-like BC2N monolayer in advancing Na/K-ion batteries technology.
An novel catalyst based on Ni@C3N4 heterojunction for efficient reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Jia Xu , Liu Cong , Wang Fuying , Xu Xuetong , Zhang Liuxue , Jiao Shuyan , Wang Xiulian , Zhu Genxing , Liu Shaokang
Published: August 2023

In order to effectively deal with chromium pollution in the environment, a heterojunction catalyst Ni@C3N4 was prepared via in situ method. The nickel particles were deposited on the surface of O-C3N4. With the synergistic effect of O-C3N4 and nickel particles, The Cr(VI) could be reduced completely to Cr(III) within 20 min at the present of Ni@C3N4 under ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, the composite photocatalyst had demonstrated that it could play an important role in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment.
Viscoelastic relaxation of fibroblasts over stiff polyacrylamide gels by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Moura A L D , Santos W V , Sousa F D , Freire R S , de Oliveira C L N , de Sousa J S
Published: August 2023

Cell viscoelasticity provides mechanistic insights into fundamental biological functions and may be used in many applications. Using atomic force microscopy in time and frequency domains, we find a peculiar behavior in the viscoelastic relaxation of L929 mouse fibroblasts that may help understand how cells perceive and adapt to distinct extracellular environments. They are stiffer when cultured over polyacrylamide gels (20-350 kPa) than over glass-bottom Petri dishes. The stiffness enhancement of cells over gels is attributed to a significant increase in the low-frequency storage shear moduli compared to the loss moduli, indicating that gels induce a remodeling of cytoskeleton components that store elastic energy. Morphological alterations are then expressed by the fractal dimension measured on confocal images of the f-actin cytoskeleton. We show a direct scaling between the fractal dimension and the substrate’s rigidity.
A temporally and spatially local spike-based backpropagation algorithm to enable training in hardware
Authors: Biswas Anmol , Saraswat Vivek , Ganguly Udayan
Published: August 2023

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a hardware efficient architecture for classification tasks. The challenge of spike-based encoding has been the lack of a universal training mechanism performed entirely using spikes. There have been several attempts to adopt the powerful backpropagation (BP) technique used in non-spiking artificial neural networks (ANNs): (1) SNNs can be trained by externally computed numerical gradients. (2) A major advancement towards native spike-based learning has been the use of approximate BP using spike-time dependent plasticity with phased forward/backward passes. However, the transfer of information between such phases for gradient and weight update calculation necessitates external memory and computational access. This is a challenge for standard neuromorphic hardware implementations. In this paper, we propose a stochastic SNN based back-prop (SSNN-BP) algorithm that utilizes a composite neuron to simultaneously compute the forward pass activations and backward pass gradients explicitly with spikes. Although signed gradient values are a challenge for spike-based representation, we tackle this by splitting the gradient signal into positive and negative streams. The composite neuron encodes information in the form of stochastic spike-trains and converts BP weight updates into temporally and spatially local spike coincidence updates compatible with hardware-friendly resistive processing units. Furthermore, we characterize the quantization effect of discrete spike-based weight update to show that our method approaches BP ANN baseline with sufficiently long spike-trains. Finally, we show that the well-performing softmax cross-entropy loss function can be implemented through inhibitory lateral connections enforcing a winner take all rule. Our SNN with a two-layer network shows excellent generalization through comparable performance to ANNs with equivalent architecture and regularization parameters on static image datasets like MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, Extended MNIST, and temporally encoded image datasets like Neuromorphic MNIST datasets. Thus, SSNN-BP enables BP compatible with purely spike-based neuromorphic hardware.