bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To love and work: A longitudinal study of everyday life factors in recovery from borderline personality disorder
Authors: Grenyer Brin F. S. , Townsend Michelle L. , Lewis Kate , Day Nicholas
Published: May 2022

Although recovery from borderline personality disorder (BPD) is common, not all individuals improve over time. This study sought to examine the features that contribute to response or non‐response for individuals at different stages of recovery from BPD over a longitudinal follow‐up. Participants were individuals with a diagnosis of BPD that were followed up after 1 year of receiving psychological treatment. There were no significant differences between participants at intake across key indices; however, at 1‐year follow‐up, two groups were distinguishable as either ‘functioning well’ (n = 23) or ‘functioning poorly’ (n = 25) based on symptomatology and functional impairment. Participant qualitative responses were analysed thematically and via Leximancer content analysis. Thematic analysis indicated three key themes: (1) love of self and others, (2) making a contribution through work and study and (3) stability in daily life. Participants who were ‘functioning well’ described meaningful relationships with others, enjoyment in vocation, and described less frequent or manageable life crises. The ‘functioning poorly’ group described relationship conflicts, vocational challenges, feelings of aimlessness and purposelessness, instability in daily living and frequent crises. Leximancer content analysis visually depicted these divergent thematic nomological networks. Corroborating quantitative analyses indicated significant differences between these groups for social, occupational and symptom profiles. These findings highlight the centrality of achieving the capacity to ‘love and work’ in fostering a sense of personal recovery. Treatments may need specific focus on these factors, as they appeared to reinforce symptomatic trajectories of either improvement or poor non‐response to therapy.
Ethylcellulose‐Encapsulated Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles for Printing and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Swami Sanjay Kumar , Singh Vidya Nand , Gupta Bipin Kumar , Sinha Om Prakash , Srivastava Ritu
Published: May 2022

Inorganic lead halide perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted attention for next‐generation optoelectronics and anti‐counterfeiting applications. The fully inorganic NPs get degraded in polar solvents resulting in poor stability. These also tend to degrade under exposure to high temperatures resulting in obstacles to application in reliable anti‐counterfeiting and optoelectronics applications. The encapsulation of perovskite NPs with ethyl cellulose (EC) as a polymer matrix to overcome these obstacles is explored using a facile solution blending technique followed by ultra‐sonication and characterization. These NPs demonstrate enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity, improved color clarity, and considerable stability. Along with organic binders, they can be used in developing printable ink for making patterns. A logo coated with CsPbBr3 + EC and CsPbBr1.5 I1.5 + EC exposed in normal light and UV light (365 nm) shows a clear image that becomes blue‐green and yellow color. Additionally, the effect of light on the current density–voltage characteristics of the size‐dependent encapsulated NPs shows that photocurrent has dramatically improved over 5.14 times in CsPbBr3 + EC and 1.68 times in CsPbBr1.5 I1.5 + EC compared to that of pristine one. These results demonstrate its potential uses for several applications such as luminescent printing applications, sensors, and optoelectronic applications.
Association between baseline body mass index and survival in men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: ECOG‐ACRIN CHAARTED E3805
Authors: Morgans Alicia K. , Chen Yu‐Hui , Jarrard David F. , Carducci Michael , Liu Glenn , Eisenberger Mario , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Bryce Alan , Garcia Jorge A. , Dreicer Robert , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Picus Joel , Shevrin Daniel , Hussain Maha , DiPaola Robert S. , Cella David , Sweeney Christopher J. ,   The ECOG‐ACRIN E3805 Investigators
Published: May 2022

Background

E3805 (CHAARTED) is a phase 3 trial demonstrating improved survival for men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) randomized to treatment with docetaxel (D) and androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) versus ADT alone. We assessed the association of baseline body mass index (BMI) and metformin exposure with quality of life (QOL) and prostate cancer outcomes including survival in patients enrolled in the CHAARTED study.

Methods

We performed a posthoc exploratory analysis of the CHAARTED trial of men with mHSPC randomized to treatment with ADT with or without D between 2006 and 2012. Cox proportional hazards models and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to evaluate the association between BMI with QOL and prostate cancer outcomes and between metformin exposure and survival.

Results

In 788 of 790 enrolled patients with prospectively recorded baseline BMI and metformin exposure status, lower BMI was not associated with survival, but was associated with high volume disease (p < 0.0001) and poorer baseline QOL on functional assessment of cancer therapy–prostate (p = 0.008). Only 68 patients had prevalent metformin exposure at baseline in the CHAARTED trial. Four groups were identified: ADT + D + metformin (n = 39); ADT + D (n = 357); ADT + metformin (n = 29); and ADT alone (n = 363). Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics were similar between groups. In this small exploratory multivariable analysis, metformin exposure was not associated with survival (hazard ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.63, p = 0.44).

Conclusions

There was no link between baseline BMI and survival, but lower baseline BMI was associated with features of greater cancer burden and poorer QOL.
From urban to highly urban: Internal migration patterns of sexual minorities in Brazil
Authors: Fortes de Lena Fernanda
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes the migration patterns of gay men and lesbians in Brazil and seeks to show if they differ from those of heterosexuals. The common understanding is that gay men and lesbians are concentrated in more developed parts of the country especially in major cities. However, in this study, I show that gay men and lesbians migrate mostly to medium‐sized cities, as do heterosexuals following the internal migration patterns in recent decades in Brazil. Although, compared to heterosexuals, gay men and lesbians still migrate more to large cities. Therefore, when moving beyond the Global North, the migration patterns of gay men and lesbians differ with an emphasis of flows to medium‐sized cities as opposed to concentrating to larger cities like in the Global North. Lastly, the results show that gay men, lesbians and heterosexuals have different migration patterns suggesting that sexuality could be a defining factor in internal migration.
A review and update of the corrugated fibreboard cushioning
Authors: Ge Changfeng
Published: May 2022

The corrugated fibreboard was the dominated cushioning material before the advent of expanded plastic foams in the 1960s. With recent advances in packaging sustainability, the corrugated pads are again the research focus. This paper reviewed studies of corrugated fibreboard cushioning in areas of design and experimental evaluation. Since most of these research works were performed more than half a century ago, the historical data were reexamined and compared with the current practices. Previous and recent structure designs, represented by layered corrugated pads, tube, spring and zig‐zag components, were displayed and discussed. This study also reviewed studies investigating the crush resistance and cushion curves in hope to provide some practical guidance on prediction of cushioning performance. As an updated development by the author, this study presented cushion curves developed under three loading patterns, namely, column, underhang and overhang. Finally, the study pointed out that double dipping points and shift‐to‐right tendency on the cushion curves, as well as the long plateau on the stress–strain curves, are unique properties of corrugated fibreboard cushioning. Packaging engineers are suggested to factor in these properties in design for different applications.
Does sustainable corporate governance have an impact on materiality disclosure quality in integrated reporting? International evidence
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: May 2022

This study examines the influence of sustainable corporate governance on the materiality disclosure quality (MDQ) in integrated reporting in an international setting. Referring to stakeholder theory, we focus on gender diversity, sustainability committees, and sustainability‐related executive compensation. Based on European and South African firms (672 firm‐year observations) between 2014 and 2019, we found that board gender diversity and sustainability‐related executive compensation were significantly positively linked to MDQ. However, the implementation of sustainability committees does not affect the MDQ. Thus, only specific sustainable corporate governance variables in concrete contexts may be related to integrated reporting decisions. We also included Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power (pay slice, ownership, and tenure) as a moderator variable due to the strategic impact of CEOs, based on upper echelons theory, and found that the link between our included sustainable corporate governance variables and MDQ was weakened. Our results are robust to several variations and provide valuable insights for research, business practice and future regulations on integrated reporting. In view of massive regulatory reform initiatives on sustainable corporate governance and integrated reporting, sustainability expertise (also with regard to CEOs) should be better addressed in boards of directors during the next years to come.
Using Wool Keratin Derived Metallo‐Nanozymes as a Robust Antioxidant Catalyst to Scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by Smoking
Authors: Xu Fei , Tang Yonghua , Wang Hao , Deng Hongbo , Huang Yanyan , Fan Chaoyu , Zhao Jiachen , Lin Changxu , Lin Youhui
Published: May 2022

Self‐assembled nanostructures based on biomolecules (e.g., proteins and amino acids) and metal ions have promising applications in mimicking the nanostructure, properties, and functions of natural enzymes. Herein, a metal ion‐mediated self‐assembly method for constructing catalytically active Cu‐wool‐keratin (CuWK) two‐dimensional nanozymes is presented. Specifically, by introducing copper ions as abiological cofactors, WK can serve as a protein scaffold to design and create Cu catalytic sites. The optimized hybrids with Cu‐WK coordination framework exhibit significant superoxide dismutases‐like activity, catalase‐like activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. These combined antioxidant activities make CuWK a robust nanozyme to effectively remove various reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, the as‐prepared CuWK as a new additive can be integrated into a cigarette filter system to effectively remove the produced ROS from the burning of tobacco. More importantly, the CuWK nanozymes as a critical element can be further utilized to construct a recycling cigarette holder. Therefore, the present work shows that nanozymes with advanced catalytic capabilities can be constructed by self‐assembly of metal ions and proteins, thus facilitating the rational design and discovery of this kind of artificial metalloenzymes.
Correlating the Microstructural Heterogeneity with Local Formability of Cold‐Rolled Dual‐Phase and Complex‐Phase Steels Through Hardness Gradients
Authors: Szeliga Danuta , Chang Yuling , Madej Lukasz , Bzowski Krzysztof , Perzyński Konrad , Haase Christian , Bleck Wolfgang , Pietrzyk Maciej
Published: May 2022

Development of the descriptors of the multiphase microstructure, which will allow comparing material's local fracture resistance, is the objective of the article. A hypothesis is made that local gradients of properties can realistically represent the tendency to the local fracture and can be an effective indicator for the stretch‐flangeability properties. A novel gradient evaluation algorithm was developed within the study. The algorithm calculates the distribution of gradients for the data given in the form of a cloud of points, independently of the source of these data. Two industrial grade dual‐phase (DP) and complex‐phase (CP) steels are produced from the same cast chemical composition and with the same processing route; however, different parameter setups are studied using a correlative microstructure characterization approach to supply data for gradients evaluation. Obtained electron backscattered diffraction maps are used to generate the representative volume elements and statistically similar representative volume elements, which are subjected to deformation and used to calculate the properties gradients theoretically. The high‐resolution hardness maps are used to directly obtain the hardness gradients. Both methods of gradients calculations are applied to the DP and CP microstructures and prove to be an effective and reliable method for the comparison of materials’ stretch‐flangeability.
Optimal Dispatching of Regional Interconnection Multi‐Microgrids Based on Multi‐Strategy Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zichen , Dou Zhenhai , Dong Jun , Si Shuqian , Wang Chen , Liu Lianxin
Published: May 2022

The interconnection of multiple microgrids can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the system and reduce the cost of power generation. First, establish an economic environment optimal dispatch model based on the regional interconnected multi‐microgrids system, and formulate a dispatch strategy based on the time‐of‐use electricity price and the supply‐demand relationship between microgrids; Secondly, in order to solve this constrained optimization problem, a whale algorithm improved with five strategies including adaptive inertial weights, dynamic spiral search and generalized opposition‐based learning is proposed to obtain higher solution accuracy and anti‐premature convergence ability; Finally, combined 12 test functions to test the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, and use the improved algorithm to solve the example model containing two microgrids, and analyze it in two states of interconnection operation and non‐interconnection operation. The simulation results show that the regional interconnection operation of the microgrid under the established dispatching strategy can effectively reduce the overall operating cost of the system, and at the same time show the effectiveness of the improved algorithm to solve the optimal dispatching problem. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Three‐Layer Management Strategy of V2G, Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Liu Qihui , Tian Ruohan , Hong Chenwei , Pang Simin
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a three‐layer coordinated optimization strategy based on fuzzy control of renewable energy sources (RESs), vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) and energy storage. Firstly, the overall structure of this strategy is introduced, which is composed of V2G management system, renewable energy dispatching system and energy storage (ES) real‐time balancing system. Secondly, the control strategy is proposed for different systems, among them, the V2G management system considers shortage of power grid, forecasted maximum output of RESs, and state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicles (EVs) to calculate the charging plan for each EV in next time interval by fuzzy control algorithm; The renewable energy management system gets the expected shortage state of the power grid in the next period according to the charging plan and the current state of the power grid, then combined with the battery state of the energy storage system, the renewable energy guiding power generation in the next period can be calculated by the fuzzy control algorithm; The energy storage real‐time balancing system can charge or discharge according to the real‐time frequency and shortage of power grid to ensure balance between supply and demand of power grid. Finally, the simulation proves that the three‐layer management strategy proposed in this paper can help grid to cut peak and fill valley effectively, improve the load characteristics of the regional power grid and reduce the amounts of the rejected renewable energy. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Bound polaron formation in lithium niobate from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Krenz Marvin , Gerstmann Uwe , Schmidt Wolf Gero
Published: May 2022

Polarons influence decisively the performance of lithium niobate for optical applications. In this work, the formation of (defect) bound polarons in lithium niobate is studied by ab initio molecular dynamics. The calculations show a broad scatter of polaron formation times. Rising temperature increases the share of trajectories with long formation times, which leads to an overall increase of the average formation time with temperature. However, even at elevated temperatures, the average formation time does not exceed the value of 100 femtoseconds, i.e., a value close to the time measured for free, i.e., self-trapped polarons. Analyzing individual trajectories, it is found that the time required for the structural relaxation of the polarons depends sensitively on the excitation of the lithium niobate high-frequency phonon modes and their phase relation.
An exploratory study of factors associated with long-term, high-dose opioid prescription in cancer patients in Japan based on a medical claims database
Authors: Hashimoto Tatsuya , Mishima Hirokazu , Sakai Chika , Koretaka Yuichi , Saito Yoji
Published: May 2022

Purpose

As the cancer survivors increase, patients using long-term and high-dose opioids are also increasing. Therefore, the promotion of appropriate use is important. This study investigated the actual status of opioid prescriptions in Japan and identified factors associated with long-term, high-dose prescription.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study using a hospital-based administrative claims database. Patients with a diagnosis of cancer and prescriptions of opioids were included. Patients who received continuous opioid for less than 183 days were defined as the “control,” and patients who received continuous opioid at higher dose levels (≥ 120 mg/day of oral morphine equivalent) for 183 days or more were defined as the “case.” The case was subdivided into two groups: those with the duration of less than 730 days (case I) and 730 days or more (case II). After describing factors possibly associated with long-term, high-dose opioid prescription, ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Results

We included 19,176 patients; of these, 13,517 were in the control, 111 were in the case I, and 682 were in the case II. The analysis showed that distant metastasis, back pain, dose of opioids, non-opioid analgesics, prescription, and chemotherapy during the opioid prescriptions were significantly associated with long-term, high-dose opioid prescription.

Conclusion

Four percent of the study population were prescribed long-term, high-dose opioids, and several comorbidities and concomitant medications were identified as associated factors. Opioids might be also prescribed for non-cancer chronic pain. It is necessary to properly distinguish the type of pain and to use opioids safely and appropriately.
Hemoptoe, thin-walled lung cysts, and spontaneous pneumothorax are features of metastatic cutaneous angiosarcoma
Authors: Mykoliuk Iurii , Zacharias Martin , Sankin Oliver , Lindenmann Jörg , Smolle-Juettner Freyja-Maria
Published: May 2022

We present a case of bilateral cystic lung metastases originating from cutaneous angiosarcoma (cAS) of the scalp in a 73-year-old man. He presented with hemoptysis and recurrent bilateral pneumothorax. The clinical, radiological, and histological features and a potential pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary changes in cutaneous angiosarcoma are discussed.
A review of spam email detection: analysis of spammer strategies and the dataset shift problem
Authors: Jáñez-Martino Francisco , Alaiz-Rodríguez Rocío , González-Castro Víctor , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique
Published: May 2022

Spam emails have been traditionally seen as just annoying and unsolicited emails containing advertisements, but they increasingly include scams, malware or phishing. In order to ensure the security and integrity for the users, organisations and researchers aim to develop robust filters for spam email detection. Recently, most spam filters based on machine learning algorithms published in academic journals report very high performance, but users are still reporting a rising number of frauds and attacks via spam emails. Two main challenges can be found in this field: (a) it is a very dynamic environment prone to the dataset shift problem and (b) it suffers from the presence of an adversarial figure, i.e. the spammer. Unlike classical spam email reviews, this one is particularly focused on the problems that this constantly changing environment poses. Moreover, we analyse the different spammer strategies used for contaminating the emails, and we review the state-of-the-art techniques to develop filters based on machine learning. Finally, we empirically evaluate and present the consequences of ignoring the matter of dataset shift in this practical field. Experimental results show that this shift may lead to severe degradation in the estimated generalisation performance, with error rates reaching values up to $$48.81\%$$

48.81
%

.
The origins and development of statistical approaches in non-parametric frontier models: a survey of the first two decades of scholarly literature (1998–2020)
Authors: Moradi-Motlagh Amir , Emrouznejad Ali
Published: May 2022

This paper surveys the increasing use of statistical approaches in non-parametric efficiency studies. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposable Hull (FDH) are recognized as standard non-parametric methods developed in the field of operations research. Kneip et al. (Econom Theory, 14:783–793, 1998) and Park et al. (Econom Theory, 16:855–877, 2000) develop statistical properties of the variable returns-to-scale (VRS) version of DEA estimators and FDH estimators, respectively. Simar & Wilson (Manag Sci 44, 49–61, 1998) show that conventional bootstrap methods cannot provide valid inference in the context of DEA or FDH estimators and introduce a smoothed bootstrap for use with DEA or FDH efficiency estimators. By doing so, they address the main drawback of non-parametric models as being deterministic and without a statistical interpretation. Since then, many articles have applied this innovative approach to examine efficiency and productivity in various fields while providing confidence interval estimates to gauge uncertainty. Despite this increasing research attention and significant theoretical and methodological developments in its first two decades, a specific and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of bootstrap DEA/FDH literature and subsequent statistical approaches is still missing. This paper thus, aims to provide an extensive overview of the key articles and their impact in the field. Specifically, in addition to some summary statistics such as citations, the most influential academic journals and authorship network analysis, we review the methodological developments as well as the pertinent software applications.
Relationship analysis between greenwashing and environmental performance
Authors: Zhang Kesen , Pan Zhen , Janardhanan Mukund , Patel Imran
Published: May 2022

This paper fills the gap in the study of the impact of Chinese companies' environmental performance (EP) on greenwashing based on the listed companies in China from 2010 to 2018. The relationship between EP and greenwashing is analyzed based on legitimacy theory and signal theory. From the empirical analysis, it is found that there exists a negative correlation between EP and greenwashing which supports the signal theory. Based on resource-based theory analysis, the impacts of environmental subsidies and political connections on the relationship between environmental performance and greenwashing are also analyzed. EP of enterprises receiving environmental protection subsidy has a greater inhibition effect on greenwashing. The negative effect of EP on greenwashing of state-owned enterprises is bigger than that of non-state-owned enterprises. This study can provide reference for government departments in deepening the reform of government environmental subsidies and environmental governance of state-owned enterprises.
The portrayal of the future as legitimacy construction: discursive strategies in highly ranked business schools’ external communication
Authors: Géring Zsuzsanna , Tamássy Réka , Király Gábor , Rakovics Márton
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we investigate how highly ranked business schools construct their legitimacy claims by analysing their online organisational communication. We argue that in the case of higher education institutions in general, and business schools in particular, the discursive formation of these legitimacy claims is strongly connected to the future. Consequently, we utilise corpus-based discourse analysis of highly ranked business schools’ website communication by focusing on sentences containing the expression ‘future’. At first, we analysed the future-related language use to reveal the general future picture in the corpus. Furthermore, by combining qualitative and quantitative textual data, we identified six typical agency frames (i.e. preparing, shaping, adjusting, exploring, personal future, responsibility) about the future. By examining the co-occurrence of these frames, we were able to identify different discursive strategies. As we connected our findings to general societal phenomena we could interpret why and how business schools utilise these discursive strategies to (re)create and maintain their legitimacy.
Rebuttal to Douglas and Elliott
Authors: Hudson Robert
Published: May 2022

In “Should We Strive to Make Science Bias‑Free? A Philosophical Assessment of the Reproducibility Crisis”, I argue that the problem of bias in science, a key factor in the current reproducibility crisis, is worsened if we follow Heather Douglas and Kevin C. Elliott’s advice and introduce non-epistemic values into the evidential assessment of scientific hypotheses. In their response to my paper, Douglas and Elliott complain that I misrepresent their views and fall victim to various confusions. In this rebuttal I argue, by means of an examination of their published views, that my initial interpretation of their work is accurate and that, in their hands, science is generally prone to deviations from truth.
Teacher expertise for fostering at-risk students’ understanding of basic concepts: conceptual model and evidence for growth﻿
Authors: Prediger Susanne , Dröse Jennifer , Stahnke Rebekka , Ademmer Claudia
Published: May 2022

Various intervention programs for fostering at-risk students’ understanding of basic concepts (such as place value understanding or meanings of multiplication and division) have been developed and evaluated. However, little is known about the teacher expertise required to enact these intervention programs, and how this teacher expertise can be promoted. The article suggests a conceptual model for teacher expertise for fostering at-risk students’ understanding based on three recurrent jobs: (a) specify learning content (in basic concepts), (b) monitor students’ learning progress (in basic concepts) and (3) enhance students’ understanding (of basic concepts). Mastering these jobs with productive teaching practices involves four orientations in particular (conceptual rather than procedural orientation, diagnostic rather than syllabus-led orientation, communicative rather than individualistic orientation, and long-term rather than short-term orientation) as well as detailed pedagogical content categories for unpacking relevant knowledge elements. The paper reports on the professional development program Mastering Math which aims at promoting this expertise and its evaluation using a pre–post-design. For 95 participating teachers, the practices for specifying goals and monitoring and enhancing at-risk students’ understanding were captured in self-reports and situated in vignette-based activities for eliciting diagnostic judgments. Teachers’ development across different aspects of their expertise from the beginning and the end of the 1-year PD reveals the first quantitative evidence that the PD was effective in promoting growth of expertise. Whereas specifying and monitoring practices had substantially developed, the enhancement practices were hindered by a persistent short-term orientation.
Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Commercial Immunoglobulin Products Give Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Limited Passive Immunity to the Omicron Variant
Authors: Lindahl Hannes , Klingström Jonas , Da Silva Rodrigues Rui , Christ Wanda , Chen Puran , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Buggert Marcus , Aleman Soo , Smith C. I. Edvard , Bergman Peter
Published: May 2022

Immunodeficient individuals often rely on donor-derived immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy (IGRT) to prevent infections. The passive immunity obtained by IGRT is limited and reflects the state of immunity in the plasma donor population at the time of donation. The objective of the current study was to describe how the potential of passive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in commercial off-the-shelf Ig products used for IGRT has evolved during the pandemic. Samples were collected from all consecutive Ig batches (n = 60) from three Ig producers used at the Immunodeficiency Unit at Karolinska University Hospital from the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic until January 2022. SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations and neutralizing capacity were assessed in all samples. In vivo relevance was assessed by sampling patients with XLA (n = 4), lacking endogenous immunoglobulin synthesis and on continuous Ig substitution, for plasma SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration. SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in commercial Ig products increased over time but remained inconsistently present. Moreover, Ig batches with high neutralizing capacity towards the Wuhan-strain of SARS-CoV-2 had 32-fold lower activity against the Omicron variant. Despite increasing SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in commercial Ig products, four XLA patients on IGRT had relatively low plasma concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with no potential to neutralize the Omicron variant in vitro. In line with this observation, three out the four XLA patients had symptomatic COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. In conclusion, 2 years into the pandemic the amounts of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 vary considerably among commercial Ig batches obtained from three commercial producers. Importantly, in batches with high concentrations of antibodies directed against the original virus strain, protective passive immunity to the Omicron variant appears to be insufficient.
Elementary School Students’ Subjective Well-Being Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Steinmayr Ricarda , Paschke Patrick , Wirthwein Linda
Published: May 2022

First empirical results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on adolescents’ and adults’ subjective well-being. In the present study we focus on the subjective well-being of elementary school children before and after the first pandemic-related school lockdown and examine if possible declines in subjective well-being are especially pronounced for some groups, considering socio-economic status, migration background, and gender as moderators. We tested N = 425 elementary school students (mean age: M = 8.19; SD = 1.04) longitudinally with four measurement points (three before the school lockdown and one after) regarding their general life satisfaction, mood, and domain satisfaction regarding peers, family, and school. Piecewise growth curve models revealed a significant decline in positive mood and in satisfaction with the family. Decline in life satisfaction and satisfaction with peers nearly missed significance. The investigated moderators had no impact on the changes in subjective well-being. We conclude that the pandemic had detrimental effects on young children’s subjective well-being.
The evolution of trade credit: new evidence from developed versus developing countries
Authors: Machokoto Michael , Gyimah Daniel , Ibrahim Boulis Maher
Published: May 2022

Using a large sample of listed firms from 72 countries over the period 1990–2019, we document a marked decrease in trade credit that is more pronounced for firms in developed economies relative to those in emerging economies. We find little evidence that firm characteristics drive this trend, as their relation with trade credit remains relatively stable throughout the sample period. We test several competing propositions and find that the listing decade, institutional factors, and financial development explain the downward trajectory in trade credit. We also report diminishing returns to trade credit that are higher in the US and other developed economies than in emerging economies. These results are robust to alternative definitions of trade credit and to controlling for several firm-specific and macroeconomic factors.
What Is Wrong with the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s Definition of Antisemitism?
Authors: Deckers Jan , Coulter Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) developed a ‘Working Definition of Antisemitism’ in 2016. Whilst the definition has received a significant amount of media attention, we are not aware of any comprehensive philosophical analysis. This article analyses this definition. We conclude that the definition and its list of examples ought to be rejected. The urgency to do so stems from the fact that pro-Israel activists can and have mobilised the IHRA document for political goals unrelated to tackling antisemitism, notably to stigmatise and silence critics of the Israeli government. This causes widespread self-censorship, has an adverse impact on freedom of speech, and impedes action against the unjust treatment of Palestinians. We also identify intrinsic problems in the way the definition refers to criticism of Israel similar ‘to that leveled against any other country’, ambiguous wording about ‘the power of Jews as a collective’, lack of clarity as to the Jewish people’s ‘right to self-determination’, and its denial of obvious racism. We consider alternative definitions and prefer one like the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) definition, ‘hostility to or prejudice against Jews’, with the addition of the words ‘as Jews’. We recognise that the Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism (JDA) can play a useful purpose in illustrating the shortcomings of the IHRA definition. However, we do not advocate promoting it as the prime international definition. Indeed, we question the efficacy of using complex new definitions to combat racism against Jews or other groups, and instead advocate combatting it through collective action across societies.
Explicit Instruction of Scientific Uncertainty in an Undergraduate Geoscience Field-Based Course
Authors: Bateman Kathryn M. , Wilson Cristina G. , Williams Randolph T. , Tikoff Basil , Shipley Thomas F.
Published: May 2022

Understanding and communicating uncertainty is a key skill needed in the practice of science. However, there has been little research on the instruction of uncertainty in undergraduate science education. Our team designed a module within an online geoscience field course which focused on explicit instruction around uncertainty and provided students with an uncertainty rating scale to record and communicate their uncertainty with a common language. Students then explored a complex, real-world geological problem about which expert scientists had previously made competing claims through geologic maps. Provided with data, expert uncertainty ratings, and the previous claims, students made new geologic maps of their own and presented arguments about their claims in written form. We analyzed these reports along with assessments of uncertainty. Most students explicitly requested geologists’ uncertainty judgments in a post-course assessment when asked why scientists might differ in their conclusions and/or utilized the rating scale unprompted in their written arguments. Through the examination of both pre- and post-course assessments of uncertainty and students’ course-based assessments, we argue that explicit instruction around uncertainty can be introduced during undergraduate coursework and could facilitate geoscience novices developing into practicing geoscientists.
The impact of milk suckling protocol and schedule on body weight and some morphometric measurements of Holstein heifers
Authors: Rashad Amr M. A. , Amin Amani H. , Mahdy Ahmed E. , Aziz Mahmoud A. , El-Barbary Adel S. A. , EL-Hedainy Dalia K. A.
Published: May 2022

Having a successful heifer raising operation is not only relevant financially, but also influential for the future of the dairy herds. Milk feeding has a significant role on the health and growth of calves before weaning, in addition to the direct progressive effects on future performance post-weaning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of constants amount of milk (CMS) versus step-up/step-down (SUSD) on calf performance in two different suckling schedules of suckling milk gradually till 9th weeks of calf age, then decreasing it till weaning. For this study, forty Holstein heifers calves utilized between birth and 8 months of age were randomly divided into four groups of 10 calves each. Grouping was performed according to suckling protocol (constant versus variable) and suckling schedule (2 versus 3 times/day). Each calf suckled 600 kg of milk in a suckling period of 120 days. Body weight (BW), in addition to five body measurements: chest girth (CG), height at wither (HW), height at rump (HR), body length (BL), and diagonal length (DL), were recorded weekly. The heaviest BW was observed on SUSD calves suckling twice/day which had also the highest HW at weaning. Similarly, were BW, HW, and CG at 6 months of age. Also, the same group achieved the largest daily BW (0.902 kg/day), BL (0.246 cm), and CG (0.338 cm/day) gains during the pre-weaning phase. However, CMS suckled 3 times/day calves had the largest daily BW gain between birth and 6 or 8 months of age. CMS twice/day calves had the largest daily gain in CG from weaning to 6 months and from weaning to 8 months of age followed by SUSD suckling 3 times/day calves. Also, CMS twice/day calves had the largest daily gain in rump height from birth to 8 months of age compared to other groups. It can be concluded that when equal amounts of milk were fed during the suckling period, suckling protocol affected growth rate before weaning but that effect diminished as calf age increased after weaning.
Effective photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using MIL-53(Al)/ZnO composite
Authors: Fawzy Asmaa , Mahanna Hani , Mossad Mohamed
Published: May 2022

A promising hierarchical nanocomposite of MIL-53(Al)/ZnO was synthesized as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst to investigate the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX). MIL-53(Al)/ZnO ultrafine nanoparticles were obtained by preparing Zn-free MIL-53Al and employing it as a reactive template under hydrothermal and chemical conditions. The synthesized nanocomposite (MIL-53(Al)/ZnO) has a low content of Al > 1.5% with significantly different characterizations of the parent compounds elucidated by various analyses such as SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, and UV–Vis. The effect of operational parameters (catalyst dose (0.2–1.0 g/L), solution pH (3–11), and initial AMX concentration (10–90 mg/L)) on the AMX removal efficiency was studied and optimized by the response surface methodology. A reasonable goodness-of-fit between the expected and experimental values was confirmed with correlation coefficient (R2) equal to 0.96. Under the optimal values, i.e., initial AMX concentration = 10 mg/L, solution pH ~ 4.5, and catalyst dose = 1.0 g/L, 100% AMX removal was achieved after reaction time = 60 min. The degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway were vigorously examined. The AMX degradation ratios slightly decreased after five consecutive cycles (from 78.19 to 62.05%), revealing the high reusability of MIL-53(Al)/ZnO. The AMX removal ratio was improved with enhancers in order ($${\mathrm{IO}}_{4}^{-}$$

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> H2O2 > S2O8−2). The results proved that 94.12 and 98.23% reduction of COD were obtained after 60 and 75 min, respectively. The amortization and operating costs were estimated at 3.3 $/m3 for a large-scale photocatalytic system.
Favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 in elderly patients—what do we know after 2 years of COVID-19?
Authors: Papp Henrietta , Lanszki Zsófia , Keserű György M. , Jakab Ferenc
Published: May 2022

Since the appearance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), numerous studies have been conducted to find effective therapeutics. Favipiravir (FVP) is one of the repurposed drugs which has been authorized in a few countries on an emergency basis to treat COVID-19. Elderly individuals especially 65 years or older are more prone to develop severe illness. We aim to provide a short summary of the current knowledge of the antiviral efficacy of favipiravir with respect to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected elderly patients. We found that it is rather controversial whether favipiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data regarding patients 65 years or older is not sufficient to support or reject the usage of favipiravir for COVD-19 treatment. Further studies would be advisable to elicit the efficiency of favipiravir in elderly COVID-19 patients.
Detecting abrupt change in land cover in the eastern Hindu Kush region using Landsat time series (1988–2020)
Authors: Khan Saeed A. , Vanselow Kim A. , Sass Oliver , Samimi Cyrus
Published: May 2022

Land cover change in the semi-arid environment of the eastern Hindu Kush region is driven by anthropogenic activities and environmental change impacts. Natural hazards, such as floods presumably influenced by climatic change, cause abrupt change of land cover. So far, little research has been conducted to investigate the spatiotemporal aspects of this abrupt change in the valleys. In order to explore the abrupt change in land cover and floods as its possible drivers in the eastern Hindu Kush, a semi-arid mountain region characterized by complex terrain, vegetation variation, and precipitation seasonality, we analyzed long-term Landsat image time series from 1988 to 2020 using Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST). Overall, BFAST effectively detected abrupt change by using Landsat-derived Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI). The results of our study indicate that approximately 95% of the study area experienced at least one abrupt change during 1988–2020. The years 1991, 1995, 1998, 2007, and 2016 were detected as the peak years, with the peaks occurring in different seasons. The annual trend of abrupt change is decreasing for the study area. The seasonality of abrupt change at the catchment level shows an increasing trend in the spring season for the southern catchments of Panjkora and Swat. The spatial distribution patterns show that abrupt change is primarily concentrated in the floodplains indicating that flooding is the primary driver of the land cover change in the region. We also demonstrated the accurate detection of past flood events (2015) based on the two case examples of Ayun, Rumbur, and Kalash valleys. The detection of the flood events was verified by fieldwork and historical high-resolution Google Earth imagery. Finally, our study provides an example of applying Landsat time series in a dry mountain region to detect abrupt changes in land cover and analyze impact of natural hazards such as floods.
„Dual Studieren?“
Authors: Graßhoff Gunther
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag thematisiert die künftige Bedeutung des Dualen Studiums, indem er dessen Potenziale und Gefahren benennt. Eine wichtige Frage in diesem Zusammenhang ist, welche Rolle öffentlich finanzierte Hochschulen sowie die Präsenzlehre in der Zukunft haben werden.
A person-centered analysis of emotional-behavioral functioning profiles in adolescents: Associations with teacher autonomy support and growth mindset
Authors: Ma Yongfeng , Ma Chunhua , Lan Xiaoyu
Published: May 2022

Anchored in the socio-ecological framework, the current study examined the association of teacher autonomy support with emotional-behavioral functioning profiles using a person-centered approach and investigated whether growth mindset and adolescents’ gender would moderate this association. To achieve these research objectives, this study involved 1741 adolescents (54.1% girls; Mage = 12.62; SD = 1.50) who were uniformly instructed to fill in a set of self-report questionnaires. Results based on latent profile analysis revealed four emotional-behavioral functioning profiles: primarily externalizing (6.2%), comorbid (32.9%), well-adjusted (53.7%), and high-risk (7.2%). Adolescents with high teacher autonomy support were more likely to be group members of the well-adjusted profile than the remaining three emotional-behavioral functioning profiles. Moreover, interaction analyses demonstrated that girls benefited more when teacher autonomy support and growth mindset were congruently high, whereas boys did not. The current findings suggest that teachers should be equipped with sufficient skills and training to maintain an autonomy-supportive classroom climate. Meanwhile, growth mindset intervention may develop into an integral part of the school’s activities to facilitate adolescents’ optimal emotional-behavioral functions, but distinctly gendered pathways for these activities should be carefully considered.
Effect of an internet-based intervention for adjustment disorder on meaning in life and enjoyment
Authors: Quero Soledad , Palau-Batet María , Tur Cintia , Mor Sonia , Campos Daniel , Rachyla Iryna , Grimaldos Jorge , Marco Jose H.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Positive psychological variables, such as meaning in life and the capacity for enjoyment, are important resilience factors against negative behaviors and symptoms. These constructs are related to better emotional regulation strategies, a greater perception of control over one’s life, and better mental health in general. Adjustment disorder (AjD) is a prevalent condition defined as the failure to adapt to a stressful event.

Objective

This study presents secondary analysis data on the effect of an Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention (iCBT) for AjD on meaning in life and capacity for enjoyment, compared to a control group.

Method

The sample consisted of 68 participants with AjD. 34 in the iCBT condition and 34 in the control group). Meaning in life was assessed by the Purpose-in-Life Test-10, and the Environmental Rewards Observation Scale was used to assess the capacity for enjoyment. The iCBT intervention focused on acceptance and processing of the stressful event. Intent-to-treat mixed-model analyses without any ad hoc imputations and using Cohen’s d effect comparisons were conducted.

Results

The results revealed a significant main effect of time and a significant group x time interaction in all the measures. Significantly higher pre-post score differences were found in the treatment condition.

Discussion

Meaning in life and capacity for enjoyment can change after an iCBT intervention for AjD. Therapeutic implications of the results and future lines of research about the role of meaning in life in AjD are discussed.