bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does closed-loop automated oxygen control reduce the duration of supplementary oxygen treatment and the amount of time spent in hyperoxia? A randomised controlled trial in ventilated infants born at or near term
Authors: Kaltsogianni Ourania , Dassios Theodore , Jenkinson Allan , Greenough Anne
Published: June 2023

Background

Ventilated infants frequently require supplemental oxygen, but its use should be monitored carefully due to associated complications. The achievement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets can be challenging as neonates experience frequent fluctuations of their oxygen levels that further increase the risk of complications.

Closed-loop automated oxygen control systems (CLAC) improve achievement of oxygen saturation targets, reduce hyperoxaemic episodes and facilitate weaning of the inspired oxygen concentration in ventilated infants born at or near term. This study investigates whether CLAC compared with manual oxygen control reduces the time spent in hyperoxia and the overall duration of supplemental oxygen treatment in ventilated infants born at or above 34 weeks gestation.

Methods

This randomised controlled trial performed at a single tertiary neonatal unit is recruiting 40 infants born at or above 34 weeks of gestation and within 24 h of initiation of mechanical ventilation. Infants are randomised to CLAC or manual oxygen control from recruitment till successful extubation. The primary outcome is the percentage of time spent in hyperoxia (SpO2 > 96%). The secondary outcomes are the overall duration of supplementary oxygen treatment, the percentage of time spent with an oxygen requirement above thirty per cent, the number of days on mechanical ventilation and the length of neonatal unit stay. The study is performed following informed parental consent and was approved by the West Midlands-Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee (Protocol version 1.2, 10/11/2022).

Discussion

This trial will investigate the effect of CLAC on the overall duration of oxygen therapy and the time spent in hyperoxia. These are important clinical outcomes as hyperoxic injury is related to oxidative stress that can adversely affect multiple organ systems.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT05657795. Registered on 12/12/2022.
A perception into binary and ternary copper (II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, DFT modeling, antimicrobial activity, protein binding screen, and amino acid interaction
Authors: El-Sayed Doaa S. , Tawfik Eman M. , Elhusseiny Amel F. , El-Dissouky Ali
Published: June 2023

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages is the third goal of the sustainable development plan, so it was necessary to identify the most important problems that threaten health in our world. The World Health Organization declared that antibiotic resistance is one of the uppermost global public health threats facing humanity and searching for new antibiotics is slow. This problem can be approached by improving available drugs to combat various bacterial threats. To circumvent bacterial resistance, three copper(II) complexes based on the pefloxacin drug were prepared and characterized using analytical, spectroscopic, and thermal techniques. The resulting data suggested the formation of one octahedral binary and two distorted square pyramidal ternary complexes. Fluorescence spectra results revealed the formation of a turn-on fluorophore for amino acid detection. Computational calculations investigated quantum and reactivity parameters. Molecular electrostatic potential profiles and noncovalent bond interaction-reduced density gradient analysis indicated the active sites on the complex surface. The complexes were subjected to six microbial species, where the octahedral binary complex provoked its antimicrobial potency in comparison with ternary complexes. The enhanced antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacterium E-coli compared to gentamicin was exhibited by the three complexes. Docking simulation was performed based on the crystal structure of E. coli and S. pneumoniae receptors using 5I2D and 6O15 codes. The binary complex exhibited a potent fitness score with 5I2D (TBE = − 107 kcal/mol) while ternary complexes displayed the highest docked score of fitness with 6O15.
Scoping review of Culex mosquito life history trait heterogeneity in response to temperature
Authors: Moser S. Kane , Barnard Martha , Frantz Rachel M. , Spencer Julie A. , Rodarte Katie A. , Crooker Isabel K. , Bartlow Andrew W. , Romero-Severson Ethan , Manore Carrie A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Mosquitoes in the genus Culex are primary vectors in the US for West Nile virus (WNV) and other arboviruses. Climatic drivers such as temperature have differential effects on species-specific changes in mosquito range, distribution, and abundance, posing challenges for population modeling, disease forecasting, and subsequent public health decisions. Understanding these differences in underlying biological dynamics is crucial in the face of climate change.

Methods

We collected empirical data on thermal response for immature development rate, egg viability, oviposition, survival to adulthood, and adult lifespan for Culex pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, and Cx. restuans from existing literature according to the PRISMA scoping review guidelines.

Results

We observed linear relationships with temperature for development rate and lifespan, and nonlinear relationships for survival and egg viability, with underlying variation between species. Optimal ranges and critical minima and maxima also appeared varied. To illustrate how model output can change with experimental input data from individual Culex species, we applied a modified equation for temperature-dependent mosquito type reproduction number for endemic spread of WNV among mosquitoes and observed different effects.

Conclusions

Current models often input theoretical parameters estimated from a single vector species; we show the need to implement the real-world heterogeneity in thermal response between species and present a useful data resource for researchers working toward that goal.

Graphical Abstract
Shank2 identifies a subset of glycinergic neurons involved in altered nociception in an autism model
Authors: Olde Heuvel Florian , Ouali Alami Najwa , Aousji Oumayma , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Zahn Peter K. , Wilhelm Hanna , Deshpande Dhruva , Khatamsaz Elmira , Catanese Alberto , Woelfle Sarah , Schön Michael , Jain Sanjay , Grabrucker Stefanie , Ludolph Albert C. , Verpelli Chiara , Michaelis Jens , Boeckers Tobias M. , Roselli Francesco
Published: June 2023

Background

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) patients experience disturbed nociception in the form of either hyposensitivity to pain or allodynia. A substantial amount of processing of somatosensory and nociceptive stimulus takes place in the dorsal spinal cord. However, many of these circuits are not very well understood in the context of nociceptive processing in ASD.

Methods

We have used a Shank2−/−mouse model, which displays a set of phenotypes reminiscent of ASD, and performed behavioural and microscopic analysis to investigate the role of dorsal horn circuitry in nociceptive processing of ASD.

Results

We determined that Shank2−/−mice display increased sensitivity to formalin pain and thermal preference, but a sensory specific mechanical allodynia. We demonstrate that high levels of Shank2 expression identifies a subpopulation of neurons in murine and human dorsal spinal cord, composed mainly by glycinergic interneurons and that loss of Shank2 causes the decrease in NMDAR in excitatory synapses on these inhibitory interneurons. In fact, in the subacute phase of the formalin test, glycinergic interneurons are strongly activated in wild type (WT) mice but not in Shank2−/−mice. Consequently, nociception projection neurons in laminae I are activated in larger numbers in Shank2−/−mice.

Limitations

Our investigation is limited to male mice, in agreement with the higher representation of ASD in males; therefore, caution should be applied to extrapolate the findings to females. Furthermore, ASD is characterized by extensive genetic diversity and therefore the findings related to Shank2 mutant mice may not necessarily apply to patients with different gene mutations. Since nociceptive phenotypes in ASD range between hyper- and hypo-sensitivity, diverse mutations may affect the circuit in opposite ways.

Conclusion

Our findings prove that Shank2 expression identifies a new subset of inhibitory interneurons involved in reducing the transmission of nociceptive stimuli and whose unchecked activation is associated with pain hypersensitivity. We provide evidence that dysfunction in spinal cord pain processing may contribute to the nociceptive phenotypes in ASD.
Cartilage regeneration and inflammation modulation in knee osteoarthritis following injection of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a phase II, triple-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Sadri Bahareh , Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Bagherifard Abolfazl , Mohammadi Javad , Alikhani Mehdi , Moeinabadi-Bidgoli Kasra , Madani Hoda , Diaz-Solano Dylana , Karimi Shahedeh , Mehrazmay Mohammad , Mohammadpour Mehdi , Vosough Massoud
Published: June 2023

Background

Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with immunomodulatory features and their paracrine secretion of regenerative factors proposed a noninvasive therapeutic modality for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

Total number of 40 patients with KOA enrolled in two groups. Twenty patients received intra-articular injection of 100 × 106 allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs), and 20 patients as control group received placebo (normal saline). Questionnaire-based measurements, certain serum biomarkers, and some cell surface markers were evaluated for 1 year. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and 1 year after injection was performed to measure possible changes in the articular cartilage.

Results

Forty patients allocated including 4 men (10%) and 36 women (90%) with average age of 56.1 ± 7.2 years in control group and 52.8 ± 7.5 years in AD-MSCs group. Four patients (two patients from AD-MSCs group and two patients from the control group) excluded during the study. Clinical outcome measures showed improvement in AD-MSCs group. Hyaluronic acid and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein levels in blood serum decreased significantly in patients who received AD-MSCs (P < 0.05). Although IL-10 level significantly increased after 1 week (P < 0.05), the serum level of inflammatory markers dramatically decreased after 3 months (P < 0.001). Expressions of CD3, CD4, and CD8 have a decreasing trend during 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05), (P < 0.001), and (P < 0.001), respectively. However, the number of CD25+ cells increased remarkably in the treatment group 3 months after intervention (P < 0.005). MRI findings showed a slight increase in the thickness of tibial and femoral articular cartilages in AD-MSCs group. The changes were significant in the medial posterior and medial anterior areas of ​​the tibia with P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively.

Conclusion

Inter-articular injection of AD-MSCs in patients with KOA is safe. Laboratory data, MRI findings, and clinical examination of patients at different time points showed notable articular cartilage regeneration and significant improvement in the treatment group.

Trial registration: Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT, https://en.irct.ir/trial/46), IRCT20080728001031N23. Registered 24 April 2018.
From bench to bedside: 64Cu/177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti TEM-1: mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolations for future theranostic applications
Authors: Gnesin Silvano , Chouin Nicolas , Cherel Michel , Dunn Steven Mark , Schaefer Niklaus , Faivre-Chauvet Alain , Prior John O. , Delage Judith Anna
Published: June 2023

The development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is an hot topic in nuclear medicine. Several radiolabeled antibodies are under development necessitating both biokinetic and dosimetry extrapolations for effective human translation. The validation of different animal-to-human dosimetry extrapolation methods still is an open issue. This study reports the mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolation of 64Cu/177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti-TEM-1 for theranostic application in soft-tissue sarcomas. We adopt four methods; direct mice-to-human extrapolation (M1); dosimetry extrapolation considering a relative mass scaling factor (M2), application of a metabolic scaling factor (M3) and combination of M2 and M3 (M4). Predicted in-human dosimetry for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc resulted in an effective dose of 0.05 mSv/MBq. Absorbed dose (AD) extrapolation for the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc indicated that the AD of 2 Gy and 4 Gy to the red-marrow and total-body can be reached with 5–10 GBq and 25–30 GBq of therapeutic activity administration respectively depending on applied dosimetry method. Dosimetry extrapolation methods provided significantly different absorbed doses in organs. Dosimetry properties for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc are suitable for a diagnostic in-human use. The therapeutic application of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc presents challenges and would benefit from further assessments in animals’ models such as dogs before moving into the clinic.
A low computation detection method of signal nonlinear distortion based on digital quadrature detection principle
Authors: Wang Peng-Cheng , Huang Xiao-Ping
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a digital low computation detection method for signal nonlinear distortion. After presetting ADC sampling rate and completing data sampling, the low sampling rate data extracted from the sampling data complete the autocorrelation analysis to correct and calculate the accurate fundamental frequency. According to the relationship between the fundamental frequency and the sampling rate, the complete periodic segment data of the signal cutting out from the sampling data carry out the digital quadrature detection operation to obtain the value of each harmonic component and nonlinear distortion. Experiments show that the calculation of this method is less than that of FFT spectrum analysis method when measuring the THD lower than 15 order. When calculating the 15-order THD at 1024 points, the calculation time is reduced by 44.26%. Moreover, the digital quadrature detection method has high measurement accuracy with less than 0.6% error of detecting 5-order THD.
Zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low and middle-income countries
Authors: Olaru Ioana D. , Walther Birgit , Schaumburg Frieder
Published: June 2023

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in low and middle-income countries as it is widespread in these countries and is linked to an increased mortality. Apart from human and environmental factors, animal-related drivers of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries have special features that differ from high-income countries. The aim of this narrative review is to address the zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low- and middle-income countries.

Main body

Contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichiacoli is highest in poultry (Africa: 8.9–60%, Asia: 53–93%) and there is a risk to import ESBL-producing E.coli through poultry meat in Africa. In aquacultures, the proportion of ESBL-producers among E.coli can be high (27%) but the overall low quality of published studies limit the general conclusion on the impact of aquacultures on human health. ESBL-producing E.coli colonization of wildlife is 1–9% in bats or 2.5–63% birds. Since most of them are migratory animals, they can disperse antimicrobial resistant bacteria over large distances. So-called ‘filth flies’ are a relevant vector not only of enteric pathogens but also of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in settings where sanitary systems are poor. In Africa, up to 72.5% of ‘filth flies’ are colonized with ESBL-producing E.coli, mostly conferred by CTX-M (24.4–100%). While methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus plays a minor role in livestock in Africa, it is frequently found in South America in poultry (27%) or pork (37.5–56.5%) but less common in Asia (poultry: 3%, pork: 1–16%).

Conclusions

Interventions to contain the spread of AMR should be tailored to the needs of low- and middle-income countries. These comprise capacity building of diagnostic facilities, surveillance, infection prevention and control in small-scale farming.

Graphical abstract
Intravenous and oral whole body ketone dosimetry, biodistribution, metabolite correction and kinetics studied by (R)-[1-11C]β-hydroxybutyrate ([11C]OHB) PET in healthy humans
Authors: Luong Thien Vinh , Nielsen Erik Nguyen , Falborg Lise , Kjærulff Mette Louise Gram , Tolbod Lars Poulsen , Søndergaard Esben , Møller Niels , Munk Ole Lajord , Gormsen Lars Christian
Published: June 2023

Background

Ketones are increasingly recognized as an important and possibly oxygen sparing source of energy in vital organs such as the heart, the brain and the kidneys. Drug treatments, dietary regimens and oral ketone drinks designed to deliver ketones for organ and tissue energy production have therefore gained popularity. However, whether ingested ketones are taken up by various extra-cerebral tissues and to what extent is still largely unexplored. It was therefore the aim of this study to use positron emission tomography (PET) to explore the whole body dosimetry, biodistribution and kinetics of the ketone tracer (R)-[1-11C]β-hydroxybutyrate ([11C]OHB). Six healthy subjects (3 women and 3 men) underwent dynamic PET studies after both intravenous (90 min) and oral (120 min) administration of [11C]OHB. Dosimetry estimates of [11C]OHB was calculated using OLINDA/EXM software, biodistribution was assessed visually and [11C]OHB tissue kinetics were obtained using an arterial input function and tissue time-activity curves.

Results

Radiation dosimetry yielded effective doses of 3.28 $$\upmu$$
μ
Sv/MBq (intravenous administration) and 12.51 $$\upmu$$
μ
Sv/MBq (oral administration). Intravenous administration of [11C]OHB resulted in avid radiotracer uptake in the heart, liver, and kidneys, whereas lesser uptake was observed in the salivary glands, pancreas, skeletal muscle and red marrow. Only minimal uptake was noted in the brain. Oral ingestion of the tracer resulted in rapid radiotracer appearance in the blood and radiotracer uptake in the heart, liver and kidneys. In general, [11C]OHB tissue kinetics after intravenous administration were best described by a reversible 2-tissue compartmental model.

Conclusion

The PET radiotracer [11C]OHB shows promising potential in providing imaging data on ketone uptake in various physiologically relevant tissues. As a result, it may serve as a safe and non-invasive imaging tool for exploring ketone metabolism in organs and tissues of both patients and healthy individuals.

Trial registration

Clinical trials, NCT0523812, Registered February 10th 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05232812?cond=NCT05232812&draw=2&rank=1.
Elbow hemiarthroplasty with a 3D-printed prosthesis for distal humeral bone defects after tumor excision: a case report
Authors: Zhu Yingkang , Gong Shuo , Dai Jin , Zhou Lei
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The distal humerus is a rare site for primary and metastatic bone tumors. Due to the scarcity of cases and lack of standardized surgical strategies, it is often difficult for surgeons to choose the right choice. The application of a 3D-printed prosthesis with hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of the distal humerus after tumor resection can be a very effective option.

Case presentation

We present a clinical case of a 3D-printed distal humeral prosthesis for the treatment of bone defects caused by metastatic bone tumors. The preoperative evaluation was aggressively performed, and the decision was made to distal humeral hemiarthroplasty (DHH) after wide resection of the tumor segment bone. Processing of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data from CT scans performed after mirror conversion using CT data of the contralateral humerus, we designed a 3D-printed distal humeral prosthesis with hemiarthroplasty. After reconstruction of bone and surrounding soft tissue by the 3D-printed prosthesis combined with the LARS ligament and regular follow-up for 12 months, the patient had an MSTS-93 score of 29 and an MEP of 100, which reached a good level, and the patient was fully competent in normal daily activities.

Conclusions

Our results show that the 3D-printed modular prosthesis with hemiarthroplasty is a very effective option for cases of large elbow bone defects due to primary bone tumors or metastatic disease. However, careful preoperative preparation is required for the best outcome. Careful preoperative preparation and long-term follow-up are essential for the best outcome.
Re-thinking uterine fibroids in immunocompromised patients: adenomatoid tumors
Authors: Lizardo-Thiebaud Maria José , Andrade-Orozco Guillermo , Cervantes-Álvarez Eduardo , Burbano-Rodríguez Sara , Sánchez-Hernández Beatriz , Hernandez-Frausto Arnoldo , San Martín-Morante Oswaldo , Ángeles-Ángeles Arturo
Published: June 2023

Background

Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an ambiguous term used to describe benign mesothelial neoplasms, most often reported in organs of the reproductive system. Their neoplastic nature has been proven through the confirmation of pathogenic mutations in TRAF7. Several studies have proven an association between AToU and immunosuppression. Several groups have hypothesized immunosuppression causes an abnormal inflammatory state within mesothelial cells, increasing the likelihood of a selective activating mutations in TRAF7.

Case presentation

A 34 year old female patient with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus was seen in the Emergency Department due to abdominal pain. A diagnosis of uterine leiomyomatosis was made and she was surgically intervened. Macroscopically, several intramural and subserosal uterine nodules were identified. On microscopic examination, all of them except one corresponded to adenomatoid tumours. A somatic mutation in TRAF7 was identified.

Conclusions

Adenomatoid tumors have been associated with immunosuppression. A decrease in immunosurveillance may explain the association between adenomatoid tumours and immunosuppression. Confirming their neoplastic nature is crucial. Further studies are required to characterize the biological significance TRAF7 has in adenomatoid tumours and their association to immunocompromised states.
Estimate measurement errors of household water meters using a large amount of on-site data feedback
Authors: Chen Hsin-Liang , Lo Shang-Lien , Kuo Jeff , Huang Chin-Ling
Published: June 2023

Water meter measurement error is considered as one important component of non-revenue water by International Water Association. Its magnitude depends combinedly on users’ consumption behaviors (intake spectrum) and metrological characteristics of water meters (meter error curve). Most published researches have only analyzed the meter error curves without taking the users’ consumption behaviors into consideration. This study developed a practical approach by using the relative difference chart of master-meters and sub-meters groupings (i.e., RM-μz chart) to identify average metering errors for a major water utility company in Taiwan. About 120,000 sets of “master-meter and sub-meter grouping” data of Taipei Water Department were analyzed. The approach successfully estimated average metering errors of its 99.6% domestic meters (around 1.6 million water meters), the results are 9.9, 6.1, and 10.0% less than the actual water consumption recorded by the sub-meters, master-meters, and direct-meters, respectively.
Application of machine learning in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Chong Yuk Yee , Chan Ping Keung , Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Cheung Amy , Luk Michelle Hilda , Cheung Man Hong , Fu Henry , Chiu Kwong Yuen
Published: June 2023

Background

Machine learning is a promising and powerful technology with increasing use in orthopedics. Periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty results in increased morbidity and mortality. This systematic review investigated the use of machine learning in preventing periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed was searched in November 2022. All studies that investigated the clinical applications of machine learning in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty were included. Non-English studies, studies with no full text available, studies focusing on non-clinical applications of machine learning, reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. For each included study, its characteristics, machine learning applications, algorithms, statistical performances, strengths and limitations were summarized. Limitations of the current machine learning applications and the studies, including their ‘black box’ nature, overfitting, the requirement of a large dataset, the lack of external validation, and their retrospective nature were identified.

Results

Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. Machine learning applications in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection were divided into four categories: prediction, diagnosis, antibiotic application and prognosis.

Conclusion

Machine learning may be a favorable alternative to manual methods in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty. It aids in preoperative health optimization, preoperative surgical planning, the early diagnosis of infection, the early application of suitable antibiotics, and the prediction of clinical outcomes. Future research is warranted to resolve the current limitations and bring machine learning into clinical settings.
Banging the drum: evolutionary and cultural origins of music and its implications for psychiatry
Authors: Rafferty Gerry , Brar Gurjot , Petrut Mara , Meagher David , O'Connell Henry , St John-Smith Paul
Published: June 2023

There is growing interest in music-based therapies for mental/behavioural disorders. We begin by reviewing the evolutionary and cultural origins of music, proceeding then to discuss the principles of evolutionary psychiatry, itself a growing a field, and how it may apply to music. Finally we offer some implications for the role of music and music-based therapies in clinical practice.
Real-time air pollution and bipolar disorder symptoms: remote-monitored cross-sectional study
Authors: Kandola Aaron , Hayes Joseph F.
Published: June 2023

Air pollution is associated with unipolar depression and other mental health problems. We assessed the real-time association between localised mean air quality index and the severity of depression and mania symptoms in people with bipolar disorder. We found that as air quality worsened, symptoms of depression increased. We found no association between air quality and mania symptoms.
Electrochemical transport in Dirac nodal-line semimetals
Authors: Flores-Calderón R. , Medel Leonardo , Martín-Ruiz A.
Published: June 2023

Nodal-line semimetals are topological phases where the conduction and the valence bands cross each other along one-dimensional lines in the Brillouin zone, which are symmetry protected by either spatial symmetries or time-reversal symmetry. In particular, nodal lines protected by the combined

symmetry exhibits the parity anomaly of 2D Dirac fermions. In this letter, we study the electrochemical transport in

Dirac nodal-line semimetals by using the semiclassical Boltzmann equation approach. We derive a general formula for the topological current that includes both the Berry curvature and the orbital magnetic moment. We first evaluate the electrochemical current by introducing a small

mass term (which could be induced by inversion-breaking uniaxial strain, pressure, or an external electric field) and apply it to the hexagonal pnictide CaAgP. The electrochemical current vanishes in the zero-mass limit. Introducing a tilting term that does not spoil

symmetry that protects the nodal ring, we obtain a finite electrochemical current in the zero-mass limit, which can be regarded as a direct consequence of the parity anomaly. We show that the parity-anomaly–induced electrochemical transport is also present at nonzero temperatures.
High epigenetic potential protects songbirds against pathogenic Salmonella enterica infection
Authors: Sheldon Elizabeth , Zimmer Cedric , Hanson Haley , Koussayer Bilal , Schrey Aaron , Reese Darrys , Wigley Paul , Wedley Amy L. , Martin Lynn B.
Published: June 2023

Animals encounter many novel and unpredictable challenges when moving into new areas, including pathogen exposure. Because effective immune defenses against such threats can be costly, plastic immune responses could be particularly advantageous, as such defenses can be engaged only when context warrants activation. DNA methylation is a key regulator of plasticity via its effects on gene expression. In vertebrates, DNA methylation occurs exclusively at CpG dinucleotides and, typically, high DNA methylation decreases gene expression, particularly when it occurs in promoters. The CpG content of gene regulatory regions may therefore represent one form of epigenetic potential (EP), a genomic means to enable gene expression and hence adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Non-native populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) – one of the world's most cosmopolitan species – have high EP in the promoter of a key microbial surveillance gene, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), compared with native populations. We previously hypothesized that high EP may enable sparrows to balance the costs and benefits of inflammatory immune responses well, a trait critical to success in novel environments. In the present study, we found support for this hypothesis: house sparrows with high EP in the TLR4 promoter were better able to resist a pathogenic Salmonella enterica infection than sparrows with low EP. These results support the idea that high EP contributes to invasion and perhaps adaptation in novel environments, but the mechanistic details whereby these organismal effects arise remain obscure.
Principles of Development of Educational Materials for Learning in an E-Learning Environment
Authors: Khudoverdova S.
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with the problem associated with the definition of the principles for the development of educational materials designed for learning in an electronic educational environment. The result of a critical analysis of the basic concepts is presented. The dominant of independent work and independence of the student as a specific feature of learning in the electronic educational environment is considered. The essence and purpose of educational materials for the organization of cognitive activity of students in the conditions of an electronic educational environment are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to the construction of a system of principles underlying the development of educational materials designed to train students in an electronic information and educational environment.
Quality management of the educational process
Authors: Gorbunov V. , Bordyuzha Oleg , Lavlinskiy V. , Baybekov Dmitriy
Published: June 2023

The article discusses issues related to the quality of the learning process for students and management of the educational process based on digitization of knowledge acquired by students. The article presents an algorithm for adjusting reserves to improve the quality of knowledge of students. A detailed assessment of the quantitative relationship between parameters of the educational process is provided. Special attention is paid to determining strategies for managing the quality of education. Hypotheses put forward in the article are confirmed by experimental data and mathematical calculations. Quality management of the educational process is analyzed in detail using an example. In the example, students are divided into 4 groups based on their risk of losing the quality of the educational process. Based on the analysis of identified risk areas, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given for choosing management strategies to improve the quality of the learning process for each group of students. With correctly chosen management interventions in the educational process, its efficiency is significantly increased, and accordingly, the quality and level of knowledge of students are substantially improved. Thus, the article presents a methodology for managing the educational process that defines the goals, tasks, and stages of management, provides algorithms for adjusting learning reserves, and choosing strategies for managing the quality of the educational process. The application of this approach in practice allows for a significant improvement in the efficiency of student learning.
Modeling of the occurrence of risks under hazardous working conditions for construction organizations
Authors: Sazonova Svetlana , Kochegarov Aleksey , Akamsina N.
Published: June 2023

The working conditions characterized by the presence of harmful and dangerous factors of the production environment, as well as the functional state of the organism of builders of various professions are considered. The selected levels of harmful and dangerous factors of the labor process in the warm and cold periods of the year and physiological indicators characterizing the dynamics of changes in the functional state of the body of builders are investigated. The following tasks were solved in the work: the hygienic features of the working conditions of construction works were determined and the leading harmful and dangerous production factors were identified; the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of harmful factors and the causes of their formation are studied; the occupational characteristics of the labor of construction workers with an assessment of the severity and intensity of the labor process are given. The article notes that the whole complex of harmful production factors affects the functional state and working capacity of builders of various professions. The modeling of the risks of hazardous working conditions of builders, as well as the determination of the risk of adverse events at the workplace, was carried out. The assessment of occupational risks in the program “Labor Protection" is given. Based on the conducted research, measures have been developed to create safe working conditions, as well as to improve the efficiency and maintain the health of builders.
Verilog-A model of the impurity freeze-out in LDD regions at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Osykin Andrey , Potupchik Aleksandr , Panyshev Kirill
Published: June 2023

The article shows the practical implementation of the impurity freeze-out effect in the lightly-doped areas of the drain and source (LDD) in the Verilog-A model of the resistor. This model is based on a theoretical understanding of the freeze-out effect at cryogenic temperatures and data from the TCAD simulation of a MOSFET. The TCAD simulation data were represented by transconductance characteristics of n- and p-channel transistors Id(Vg) in linear mode (Vd=0.1 V) at temperature range from -200 °C to 27 °C for transistors with dimensions 10 um × 10 um. The model is applicable to the use as part of a macromodel of a MOSFET transistor for a CMOS bulk process with a supply voltage of 1.8 V and a minimum channel length of 0.18 um. Since the model is based on a limited set of TCAD modeling data, this version is the basis on which it is possible to build a geometrically scalable model that will be valid over the entire range of drain voltages.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF CORN HYBRIDS OF LLC "KVS RUS" ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Mikhaylova Marina
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of research conducted to study the productivity and adaptability of corn hybrids of the company "KVS RUS" LLC on gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Cromwell and Rodriguez hybrids are siliceous, plastic, universal use with FAO 180. Bodor is a hybrid with dynamic growth in the early stages of development, FAO 170, suitable for grain and silage. Nestor is a hybrid with a high potential for grain productivity, FAO 190, adapts well to stressful conditions. Lionel is one of the early–maturing hybrids of the KVS RUS line. It is the leader for testing in the territory of the Russian Federation. It is cultivated for silage and grain, FAO 180. Frederico is a hybrid with a stable yield of grain and silage. It has a good ratio of starch and easily digested fiber, FAO 190. Studies have shown that the tallest plants are formed in Frederico hybrids – 169.9 cm and Bodor – 149.2 cm (measurements were carried out during the sweeping phase). The shortest plants were formed in the hybrid Nestor 124.6 cm. The feeding potential was manifested in the hybrids of Frederico and Lionel. The aboveground mass of these hybrids was 23.3 and 18.7 t/ha, respectively. The smallest aboveground mass was formed in the hybrid Nestor 14.6 t/ha. The largest assimilation surface of leaves was formed in Lionel hybrids – 48.6 thousand m2/ha and Frederico - 37.9 thousand m2/ha. And the smallest leaf area was obtained from the Cromwell hybrid – 35.1 thousand m2/ ha. The best grain potential was shown in the hybrids of Bodor and Frederico. Grain yields were 6.08 and 5.75 t/ha. The lowest grain yield was obtained when growing the Nestor hybrid – 4.02 t/ha.
EXPANSION OF THE SET OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Sabirova Razina , Safin Radik , Vafin Il'shat
Published: June 2023

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Laishevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, field experiments were conducted on the development of fertilizer systems for grain crops - spring triticale of the Timur variety and chickpeas of the Privo1 variety. Preparations of the "AgroNAN" series were used in the form of leaf feeding in different phases of crop development, and "Metallocene" for seed treatment, which are environmentally friendly micro fertilizers containing trace elements. AgroNAN Active has pesticide properties, AgroNAN Organic leads to an increase in the action of enzymes and assimilation from fertilizers by plants N and P. Metallocene D increases the stress resistance of crops and replenishes the shortage of Mg. Abnormally arid conditions of the growing season of 2021 subjected chickpea beans in the version without fertilizers to premature ripeness and shedding, which led to a decrease in yield. The least cracking of beans was in the fertilized versions. The combined use of Metallocene D (0.3 ml /t) preparations for seed treatment and AgroNAN Active (0.2 l/ha) in the form of leaf dressing during the growing season, with a purchase price for grain – 40,000 rubles / t, made it possible to harvest chickpea grain - 1.91 t/ha, which increased the profitability of production up to 464%. Despite the dry weather conditions, the yield of spring triticale was good, which, with the same background of fertilizers, corresponded to 5.3 t/ha, with a production margin of 292.4%, with a purchase price for grain of 12,000 rubles/t. The indicators of the above fertilized variants exceeded the data of the control variant by more than 1 t/ha.
El camino incompleto hacia la inclusión de una perspectiva de género en la política exterior boliviana (2006-2022)
Authors: Garino María Agustina
Published: June 2023

En los últimos años, varios Estados han incorporado perspectivas de género en su política exterior. En este artículo se investigó en qué medida la política exterior indigenista de los gobiernos del Movimiento al Socialismo (mas) ha avanzado en la inclusión de un enfoque feminista en el programa internacional boliviano. El análisis de caso se aborda desde los estudios decoloniales y el feminismo comunitario. Se argumenta que la política exterior boliviana (2006-2022), influenciada por el pensamiento indígena andino y la cosmovisión del Buen Vivir, ha brindado las bases programáticas y discursivas para construir una agenda internacional con perspectiva de género que incluya las demandas históricas de las mujeres y las mujeres indígenas desde una visión decolonial y comunitaria. Aunque Bolivia ha generado políticas de inclusión y reivindicación de los derechos de las mujeres, en su proyecto internacional no hay programas específicos que incorporen un discurso despatriarcalizador. Se sostiene que la implementación de una política exterior sustentada en saberes, creencias y demandas de los pueblos indígenas andinos ha creado una ventana de oportunidad para integrar a grupos históricamente marginados. Se adoptó una metodología de investigación cualitativa, llevando a cabo tareas de recolección de información de diversas fuentes: entrevistas, revisión de  documentación, noticias y bibliografía.
Hacia una política exterior con perspectiva de género en América Latina
Authors: Deciancio Melisa , Loza Jorgelina
Published: June 2023

Desde inicios de los 2000, como nunca antes, los estudios de género han permeado los debates de la política exterior. A pesar de la larga y voluminosa trayectoria y militancia de los feminismos en los ámbitos global y regional, su incorporación con esta centralidad a las discusiones sobre los asuntos internacionales en América Latina resulta más o menos reciente. Los estudios sobre política exterior no han sido una excepción. De hecho, la incorporación de la perspectiva de género a dicho ámbito, tanto práctico como académico, es aún incipiente y un campo con mucho por explorar.
Servitización en la práctica: investigación sobre la transición de modelos de negocio centrados en productos a modelos centrados en servicios en empresas manufactureras
Authors: Duque Tobón Carolina , Bejarano Botero Luis Mauricio , Gómez Zuluaga Mateo , Mejía-Gil María Claudia , Escobar Serna Diandra
Published: June 2023

La Servitización o infusión de servicios en la propuestas de valor, se ha convertido en una estrategia competitiva que ha transformado los modelos de negocio en todo el mundo. Esta investigación surge por la necesidad de describir el proceso de implementación de la servitización en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, para lo cual se usó una metodología cualitativa por medio de entrevistas, a 12 directivos de empresas manufactureras con tipología de cliente B2B y a un experto en modelos de negocios de servicios. Los hallazgos revelaron que las empresas se acercan a la servitización por razones similares, aunque hay disparidad en la implementación. También se evidencian los retos empresariales que este modelo acarrea.
Reasons For Requesting the Test in Antinuclear Antibody-Positive Patients and Final Diagnosis of Patients
Authors: ÖNER Nimet , ÇELİKEL Elif , EKİCİ TEKİN Zahide , GÜNGÖRER Vildan , COŞKUN Serkan , KAPLAN Melike Mehveş , KARAGÖL Cüneyt , TEKGÖZ Nilüfer , SEZER Müge , POLAT Merve Cansu , ACAR Banu
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for the request for antinuclear antibody (ANA) in ANA-positive patients and to determine the final diagnosis of these patients and whether they developed a rheumatologic disease.

Method: In this retrospective study, the files of 559 patients with positive ANA were reviewed. Demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of the patients were noted. At the end of follow-up, the final diagnosis was recorded.

Results: The study included 346 patients. 233 of the patients were female, and 113 were male. The mean age at the time of ANA positivity was 9.4  4.7 years, and the mean follow-up period was 19  5.7 months. The most common symptom was myalgia/arthralgia (21.7%). Other common reasons were urticaria, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, and proteinuria. Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) panel results were negative in 170 patients (49.1%). In the ENA panel, dense fine speckled antigen 70 antibodies were most frequently positive in 135 patients (39.2%). At the end of follow-up, 234 patients had no disease. One hundred and one patients were diagnosed with non-rheumatologic diseases, and 11 patients were diagnosed with rheumatologic diseases. Eleven patients with rheumatologic diseases were girls. Rash was the most common symptom in patients with rheumatologic diseases. The positive predictive value of ANA positivity for rheumatologic disease was 3.2% and 1.7% for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusions: Due to the low positive predictive value of ANA testing, patients at risk for autoimmune diseases should be identified and carefully evaluated before ANA is requested.
Journal scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: June 2023

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
Naturopaths’ behaviours, attitudes and perceptions towards the use of knowledge and information sources
Authors: Steel Amie , Ward Vicky , Leach Matthew , Lloyd Iva
Published: June 2023

Background:

Primary care professions practicing traditional medicine systems, such as naturopathy, may have an increased need to use critical thinking to integrated diverse knowledge sources in response to the complex ‘messiness’ of clinical practice. The degree to which the varied knowledge types used by naturopathic practitioners align with evidence-based practice principles remains unexplored.

Aims and objectives:

To investigate naturopathic practitioners’ behaviours, perceptions and attitudes towards their use of knowledge and information sources.

Methods:

An online cross-sectional survey study administered in five languages to the international naturopathic profession. Descriptive statistics were prepared using Stata 16.1.

Findings:

Survey respondents (n=453) represented all world regions. The most common type of knowledge used to inform clinical practice was developed through clinical experience (86.2%) or during initial clinical training (81.2%). The most used information sources were scientific journals (80.4%), conferences or other professional events (78.2%), modern naturopathic clinical textbooks (74.6%), laboratory, pathology or radiology tests (74.0%), or professional journals for clinicians (73.5%). The greatest trust in knowledge acquired from information sources was attributed to information from laboratory, pathology or radiology tests. The greatest importance was placed on information based on the patient’s perspective of living with their health condition.

Discussion and conclusions:

Naturopathic practitioners do not appear to have a strong level of trust for any particular information source, despite variations in trust between sources. Further, their philosophies and principles may promote the importance naturopathic practitioners place on non-research information sources such as patient experience and add further complexity to clinical decision-making processes for naturopathic practitioners.