bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecofriendly Management of Dry Root Rot in Black Gram Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Yamunarani K. , Sangeetha S. , Chitra K. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Dhanushkodi V. , Kalyanasundaram A.
Published: January 2024

In the present study Trichoderma asperellum (ECK), Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU), Streptomyces sp (native) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (TNAU) were tested in vitro by dual culture technique. Among the six treatments Trichoderma asperellum (ECK) and Streptomyces sp (native) was found to be more effective as compared to other bio-control agents and inhibited maximum fungal growth (100 %) of Macrophomina phaseolina followed by Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU) (81.6 %).  The disease incidence controlled by all other isolates was ranged from 67.72 to 81.66%. The growth promoting activity of various bio-control agents and chemical was assessed based on seedling vigour index by standard Roll Towel Method (ISTA,1993). The treated seeds and controls are placed on the pre-soaked germination paper. After one-week various growth parameters like root length, shoot length, vigour index are determined by using the formulae. The seeds treated with Trichoderma asperellum (ECK) and Streptomyces sp (native) exhibited increased yield parameters like increased germination percentage, root length, shoot length, and Seedling vigour index 2562.0. Under field conditions the seeds are treated with different biocontrol agents and carbendazim. The various growth parameters like root length, shoot length and seedling vigour index observed under field conditions. Streptomyces sp (native) was found to be most effective in reducing pre and post emergence mortality and also it enhances the yield than other treatments. In field trail among the six treatments, treatment containing seed treatment of Streptomyces sp (native) was found to be most effective in reducing pre and post emergence mortality with germination of 87.0 %. Streptomyces sp (native) was found to be more effective as compared to other bio-control agents in increasing the yield parameters like root length, shoot length, and seedling vigour and also it enhances the yield (322.8 Kg/ha) compared to other treatments. Streptomyces sp (native) needs further species level characterization and other biotrophic and tritrophic interaction studies for developing commercial formulation.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Diabetic Mothers with Controlled Glycemia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Reddy Kareti Sai Sushanth , Charitha Arcot Dimpul , Jannabhatla V. B. Kasyapa , Tirupathe Sunanda
Published: January 2024

Background: Overt Diabetes mellitus and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can complicate pregnancy. Early detection and management of the disease should be done to ensure better maternal and foetal outcomes. Our goal is to compare treatment-controlled diabetic women with non-diabetic women to evaluate the pregnancy-related unfavourable outcomes.
Methods and Materials: This is a single-centre case-control study with women, from Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, who gave birth between September 2022 and February 2023. A total of 144 patients, including 72 women with diabetes and controlled glycemia (case group, n=72), were compared with non-diabetic women (control group, n=72). Various pregnancy-related outcomes were observed. The student t-test and SPSS were used for statistical analysis to compare
Results: Average ages were 24±4.9 years and 27.83±6.24 years in controls and cases, respectively. Mean pregnancy duration was 268.15±7.1 days in controls and 257.1±31.2 days in cases. The cases had a mean HbA1C of 6.05%, indicating controlled levels. Caesarean births were observed in 75% of cases and 51.3% of controls. While macrosomia (>4 kg) was not observed, 25% of cases had low birth weight (<2.5 kg). Family history, gravidity, consanguinity, newborn sex, APGAR score, nuchal cord, asphyxia, and need for respiratory support did not significantly differ between the cases and controls. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the gestation period, previous neonatal loss, type of previous deliveries, caesarean delivery, baby weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and present neonatal loss between diabetic mothers and non-diabetic mothers.
Conclusion: A well-managed chronic hyperglycaemia was thought to prevent multiple pregnancy-related problems for both the mother and the baby. This study aimed to investigate this point. Though many complications were avoided with controlled glycemia in our study, complications such as caesarean deliveries, preterm births, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal loss were more prevalent in cases. This highlights the need for further research, especially in understanding and possibly intensifying glycaemic goals for diabetic mothers.
Familiality and co‐occurrence of clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tsao Betty P. , Grossman Jennifer M. , Riemekasten Gabriela , Strong Noel , Kalsi Jatinderpal , Wallace Daniel J. , Chen Chung‐Jen , Lau Chak S. , Ginzler Ellen M. , Goldstein Rose , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Harley John B. , Arnett Frank C. , Hahn Bevra H. , Cantor Rita M.
Published: October 2002

Objective

To evaluate familiality of 15 clinical and laboratory features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–affected sibpairs, and to estimate correlations with the age at SLE diagnosis in affected sibpairs and parent–offspring pairs.

Methods

Concordance rates and sibling risk ratios were used as indicators of familiality for 15 manifestations of SLE. Pearson's correlations and paired t‐tests were used to compare the age at SLE diagnosis in affected sibpairs and in parent–offspring pairs.

Results

Increased sibling risk ratios (1.9–3.9) for thrombocytopenia, discoid rash, neurologic disorder (defined as seizure or psychosis), and hemolytic anemia were observed in 159 SLE‐affected sibpairs. Among these clinical features, paired expression of hemolytic anemia plus thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia plus neurologic disorder appeared to be more frequent in 709 SLE patients than would be expected by chance (P < 0.00001 and P < 0.007, respectively). The ratio of the presence of both hemolytic anemia and neurologic disorder was ∼13 times higher in the younger affected sib than in the older affected sib (P < 0.02). Familiality of patient age at SLE diagnosis, as observed by relative correlations, was greater in 125 affected sibpairs (r = 0.67, P < 0.0001) than in 37 affected parent–offspring pairs (r = 0.47, P = 0.003). The median ± SD age at SLE diagnosis was significantly lower in offspring (21.5 ± 10.1 years) than in their parents (41.6 ± 15.8 years) (P < 0.0001) but was not different in sibpairs. The combined non‐Caucasian sibpairs had a younger mean age at SLE diagnosis compared with Caucasian sibpairs (P = 0.014).

Conclusion

Evidence for familiality of thrombocytopenia, discoid rash, neurologic disorder, hemolytic anemia, and co‐occurring neurologic disorder plus hemolytic anemia in SLE was observed in 159 affected sibpairs. Familiality of the age at SLE diagnosis in relative pairs suggests that shared genes and/or shared environmental exposures impact disease susceptibility. Shared immediate environmental triggers appear less compelling, because the average time between dates of diagnosis was 11 years in parent–offspring pairs and 7.5 years in affected sibpairs. The significantly earlier age at disease diagnosis in offspring compared with their parents suggests that some forms of anticipation might play a role in susceptibility to SLE. Stratifying families by subphenotypes that are familial may reduce heterogeneity and facilitate identification of genetic risk factors for SLE.
Preserved IFN‐α production of circulating Vα24 NKT cells in primary lung cancer patients
Authors: Motohashi Shinichiro , Kobayashi Seiichiro , Ito Toshihiro , Magara Kumiko K. , Mikuni Osamu , Kamada Noriaki , Iizasa Toshihiko , Nakayama Toshinori , Fujisawa Takehiko , Taniguchi Masaru
Published: October 2002

Human Vα24 NKT cells bearing an invariant Vα24JαQ antigen receptor, the counterpart of murine Vα14 NKT cells, are activated by a specific ligand, α‐GalCer, in a CD1d‐dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate decreased numbers of circulating Vα24 NKT cells in patients with primary lung cancer compared to healthy volunteers. However, Vα24 NKT cells and DCs from lung cancer patients were functionally normal, even in the presence of tumor. Furthermore, levels of Vα24 NKT cells in surgically resected lung tissue appeared to be equivalent to those of Vα14 NKT cells in the mouse lung. Levels of Vα24 NKT cells in the tumor tissue itself were increased about 2.5 times. Administration of α‐GalCer‐pulsed DCs expanded Vα14 NKT cells in the lung more than 10 times, and the increased levels were sustained for 1 week. This may explain the previous finding that α‐GalCer‐pulsed DCs exerted strong antitumor activity in mouse lung tumor metastatic models. The potential use of α‐GalCer‐pulsed DCs for immunotherapy aimed at activating endogenous Vα24 NKT cells in the lung of cancer patients is discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse embryo‐derived NIH3T3 fibroblasts adopt an osteoblast‐like phenotype when treated with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone in vitro
Authors: Shui Chaoxiang , Scutt Andrew M.
Published: October 2002

This study examines the capability of NIH3T3 fibroblasts to express osteoblastic markers following stimulation with a number of hormones and growth factors in vitro. Of the agents tested, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) dose‐dependently induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in NIH3T3 cells, and this effect was enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (Dex), which when administered alone caused no detectable ALP expression. The combined use of 1,25(OH)2D3 and Dex also stimulated the synthesis of osteocalcin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, cells treated with the both hormones, in the presence of β‐glycerophosphate and l‐ascorbic acid, formed mineralized plaques, indicating an osteoblast (OB) phenotype. By contrast, the differentiation induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 plus Dex was significantly antagonized by transforming growth factor‐β1 and all trans‐retinoic acid. These data indicate that NIH3T3 cells have the potential to adopt an OB‐like phenotype and may prove to be a convenient model for studying the early events of osteogenic differentiation and the specific interactions of 1,25(OH)2D3 with glucocorticoids in controlling this process in vitro. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of carotid body tumors
Authors: Baysal Bora E. , Myers Eugene N.
Published: October 2002

The carotid body (CB) is a highly specialized small organ located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in the neck and plays an important role in acute adaptation to hypoxia. The most common diseased state of the carotid body is its enlargement (i.e., the CB paraganglioma), which can be caused by a genetic predisposition (hereditary paraganglioma, PGL) and by chronic hypoxic stimulation. The CB is the most common tumor site in head and neck paragangliomas. Currently, inactivating germline mutations in the mitochondrial complex II subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD have been identified as genetic risk factors for CB tumors (CBTs). Another locus at chromosome 11q13, identified by linkage analysis in a single family, may harbor a fourth susceptibility gene. Although CBTs are mostly slow‐growing and benign, they can cause significant morbidity because of their proximity to major arteries and nerves in the head and neck. Here, we review the etiological factors implicated in the development of CBTs and provide information pertaining to their clinical presentation. Although CBTs are rare, they have the potential to provide unique insights for tumorigenesis and oxygen sensing and signaling mechanisms. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:256–261, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The streamwise spacing of adjacent coherent structures in stratified wakes
Authors: Spedding G. R.
Published: October 2002

The longevity and surprising stability of late wakes emerging from an initially-turbulent state in a stably stratified ambient has been noted frequently in the literature. Here, the streamwise spacing is proposed and detailed as a diagnostic for the structure generated by a towed sphere. The wake Strouhal number and its evolution in time is reported over 2 orders of magnitude range in internal Froude number F∈[2,200]. Over the entire range of F, the decay rates adhere closely to a constant St∼Nt−1/3 power law that can be argued from simple geometric grounds. There is no tendency for values of St to aggregate at, or close to a constant value, such as St=0.175, as would be expected for a near-wake spiral shedding mode. The collective Nt−1/3 evolution is a statistical product of individual, nearest-neighbor interactions. Characteristic departures from the general rule in the lifetime of specific like-signed vortex pairs show pairing (or tripling) interactions with an asymmetry in the spacing distribution evolution consistent with a very simple kinematic model where individual mergers occur without strongly affecting the remainder of the wake structure.
Effect of surface phosphorus on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Maiti Amitesh , Govind Niranjan , Kung Paul , King-Smith Dominic , Miller James E. , Zhang Conrad , Whitwell George
Published: October 2002

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of small-chain alkanes has the potential to displace thermal cracking as the preferred method of light olefin production. Many heterogeneous catalysts for the ODH reaction have been discussed in the literature, including oxides, vanadates, and phosphates of rare earth and transition metals. Our experiments and the literature indicate that for most of these catalysts, including silica gel and alumina, a phosphorus-enriched surface enhances the ODH yield of ethane to ethylene. To understand the role of P, the ODH reactions were simulated on a silica surface, with and without P, using the density functional theory code DMol3 in a periodic supercell. Optimized structures for all intermediates as well as transition states were obtained for full catalytic cycles. The simulations reveal that activation barriers for the rate-limiting steps are lowered by ∼10 kcal/mol in the presence of P. The decrease results from a transition state in which the P atom remains quasi-5-valent and fourfold coordinated.
Critical chain dynamics near the interdigitated–noninterdigitated chain configurational phase transition in decylammonium chloride
Authors: Lee Kyu Won , Oh D. K. , Lee Cheol Eui , Kang J. K. , Lee Chang Hoon , Kim Joon
Published: October 2002

We have carried out a H1 nuclear magnetic resonance line shape analysis near the irreversible interdigitated-to-noninterdigitated chain configurational phase transition in decylammonium chloride (C10H21NH3Cl), a model biomembrane. The splitting parameter corresponding to the nematic order of the hydrocarbon chain shows a two-dimensional Ising behavior and indicates a chain defect motion in addition to the chain reorientational motion. The origin of the low-frequency critical fluctuation is attributed to a critical slowing down of the collective gear-like reorientation of the rigid hydrocarbon chain.
Effective charge saturation in colloidal suspensions
Authors: Bocquet Lydéric , Trizac Emmanuel , Aubouy Miguel
Published: October 2002

Because micro-ions accumulate around highly charged colloidal particles in electrolyte solutions, the relevant parameter to compute their interactions is not the bare charge, but an effective (or renormalized) quantity, whose value is sensitive to the geometry of the colloid, the temperature or the presence of added-salt. This nonlinear screening effect is a central feature in the field of colloidal suspensions or polyelectrolyte solutions. We propose a simple method to predict effective charges of highly charged macro-ions, that is reliable for monovalent electrolytes (and counterions) in the colloidal limit (large size compared to both screening length and Bjerrum length). Taking reference to the non linear Poisson–Boltzmann theory, the method is successfully tested against the geometry of the macro-ions, the possible confinement in a Wigner–Seitz cell, and the presence of added salt. Moreover, our results are corroborated by various experimental measures reported in the literature. This approach provides a useful route to incorporate the nonlinear effects of charge renormalization within a linear theory for systems where electrostatic interactions play an important role.
Response to “Comment on ‘Observations on an equation of state for water confined in narrow slit-pores’ ” [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 8162 (2002)]
Authors: Giaya Arjan , Thompson Robert W.
Published: October 2002

In our Response to the Comment on “Observations on an equation of state for water confined in narrow slit-pores,” [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 2565 (2002)] we responded to the points raised by Truskett, Debenedetti, and Torquato. We agree with their point regarding the asymptotic limit of the excess grand potential, i.e., that it should reach a value equal to twice the fluid–wall interfacial tension. However, we also showed, using the mean-field approach, that their model of hydrogen bonding did not produce some aspects of water confined in narrow slit-pores correctly. We believe this was due to limiting the number of favorable hydrogen bonds to only pairwise interactions, while it is known from the literature that up to four favorable hydrogen bonds may be formed. And, while we did not evaluate the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding, their predicted temperature dependence is inaccurate in some respects.
Impedance analysis of a radio-frequency single-electron transistor
Authors: Cheong H. D. , Fujisawa T. , Hayashi T. , Hirayama Y. , Jeong Y. H.
Published: October 2002

We investigate rf transport through an AlGaAs/GaAs single-electron transistor (SET). The presented rf–SET scheme provides a transmission coefficient proportional to the admittance of the device, which is desirable for impedance analysis as well as for high-sensitivity charge detection. The impedance of a SET, including the small tunneling capacitance, is successfully analyzed at the high frequency of 643 MHz, and is compared with a simple model. The ability to measure the impedance of a SET would expand the measurable regime of single-electron tunneling behavior.
Stress-induced growth of bismuth nanowires
Authors: Cheng Yang-Tse , Weiner Anita M. , Wong Curtis A. , Balogh Michael P. , Lukitsch Michael J.
Published: October 2002

We report a method of making nanowires of bismuth (Bi) with diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm and lengths up to several millimeters. The nanowires are extruded spontaneously at the rate of a few micrometers per second at room temperature from the surfaces of freshly grown composite thin films consisting of Bi and chrome–nitride. The high compressive stress in these composite thin films is the driving force responsible for the nanowire formation. This mechanism can also be used to create nanowires of other materials.
Fully transparent, organic light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Ouisse T. , Armand M. , Kervella Y. , Stéphan O.
Published: October 2002

We report the fabrication and performance of fully transparent, organic blue light-emitting electrochemical cells (OLECs), in which both the anode and cathode are made of indium tin oxide. The active layer is a blend of polyfluorene with long and flexible alkyl side chains grafted on the 9,9 position and of a molten salt. Two identical spin-coated active layers are laminated together at high temperature to form the OLECs. The electroluminescence threshold is around 3.3 V and the light intensity exceeds 10 μW/cm2 at 5 V.
Study of fusion bonding of diamond to silicon for silicon-on-diamond technology
Authors: Yushin G. N. , Wolter S. D. , Kvit A. V. , Collazo R. , Stoner B. R. , Prater J. T. , Sitar Z.
Published: October 2002

Diamond films grown on silicon were polished to a root-mean-square roughness of 15 nm and bonded to (100) silicon in a dedicated ultrahigh vacuum bonding chamber. Successful bonding was observed at temperatures as low as 950 °C under a uniaxial mechanical stress of 32 MPa. Scanning acoustic microscopy indicated complete bonding at fusion temperatures above 1150 °C, and some cracking of the diamond film. Cross section transmission electron microscopy of the same specimens revealed an intermediate layer consisting of silicon, carbon, and oxygen. This layer was approximately 30 nm thick and had an amorphous structure.
An open study of B lymphocyte depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Leandro Maria J. , Edwards Jonathan C. , Cambridge Geraldine , Ehrenstein Michael R. , Isenberg David A.
Published: October 2002

Objective

To gain preliminary evidence for the safety and efficacy of B lymphocyte depletion therapy in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Six female patients with active SLE, resistant to standard immunosuppressive therapy, were treated on an open‐label basis. During a 2‐week period, each patient received two 500‐mg infusions of rituximab, two 750‐mg infusions of cyclophosphamide, and high‐dose oral corticosteroids.

Results

No significant adverse events were observed during followup. Patient 1 had not improved at 3 months but was then lost to followup. At 6 months, all 5 remaining patients had improved, as evidenced by improvement in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group global scores, from a median of 14 (range 9–27) at baseline to a median of 6 (range 3–8) at 6 months. Manifestations of SLE such as fatigue, arthralgia/arthritis, and serositis responded particularly well to this protocol. Hemoglobulin levels increased in patients 2, 3, 5, and 6. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased in patients 2, 3, 4, and 5 and was stable in patient 1. In patients 4 and 5, the urinary protein–to‐creatinine ratio decreased significantly. C3 serum levels increased in all 5 patients who had low levels at baseline; in two of these patients, patients 2 and 5, C3 values were normal at 6 months. The variation in the level of anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody was different in individual patients.

Conclusion

This study provides sufficient evidence for the safety and possible efficacy of B lymphocyte depletion therapy in SLE to justify a formal controlled trial.
Proinflammatory responses to self HLA epitopes are triggered by molecular mimicry to Epstein‐Barr virus proteins in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Massa Margherita , Mazzoli Federica , Pignatti Patrizia , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Passalia Maristella , Viola Stefania , Samodal Rodrigo , La Cava Antonio , Giannoni Francesca , Ollier W. , Martini Alberto , Albani Salvatore
Published: October 2002

Objective

To evaluate whether abnormal T cell recognition may be generated by exposure to exogenous antigens presenting sequence homology with epitopes contained in self HLA alleles, and if such recognition may be part of the mechanisms that fuel inflammation in autoimmune diseases associated with certain HLA alleles.

Methods

Cytotoxic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 9‐mer peptides derived from HLA molecules (DRB1*1101, DRB1*0801, or DPB1*0201) associated with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or homologous peptides derived from Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) proteins (Bolf1 or Balf2) were analyzed in patients with oligoarticular JIA and in healthy controls matched for HLA–DRB1*1101, DRB1*0801, or DPB1*0201. Production of proinflammatory cytokines in culture supernatants was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

T cell cytotoxic responses and production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation with self HLA–derived peptides were found only in patients with oligoarticular JIA, and not in controls. Patients with oligoarticular JIA, but none of the healthy controls, had EBV–self HLA cross‐reactive T cells.

Conclusion

Our data suggest a disease‐ and allele‐specific mechanism of autoimmunity in oligoarticular JIA. This mechanism may be part of the pathogenesis of the disease, and could be the basis of one of the likely multiple candidates for antigen‐specific immunotherapy approaches in the future.
Method of calculation of heat transfer coefficient of the heater in a circulating fluidized bed furnace
Authors: Lu J.F. , Zhang J.S. , Yue G.X. , Liu Q. , Yu L. , Lin X.D. , Li W.J. , Tang Y. , Luo T.Y. , Ge R.S.
Published: October 2002

Knowledge of heat transfer coefficients is important in the design and operation of CFB boilers. It is the key to determining the area and the layout of the heat transfer surfaces in a CFB furnace. Local bulk density has a close relationship to the local heat transfer coefficient. Using a heat flux probe and bulk density sampling probe, the local bed to wall heat transfer coefficient in the furnace of a 75 t/h CFB boiler was measured. According to the experimental results and theoretical analysis of the facts that influence the heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient calculation method for the CFB furnace was developed. The heat transfer surface configuration, heating condition, and the material density are considered in this method. The calculation method has been used in the design of CFB boilers with a capacity from 130 t/h to 420 t/h. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(7): 540–550, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10056
Effects of interleukin‐8 on granulation tissue maturation
Authors: Moyer K.E. , Saggers G.C. , Allison G.M. , Mackay D.R. , Ehrlich H.P.
Published: October 2002

The inflammatory α‐chemokine, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), affects the function and recruitment of various inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. Gap junctions are anatomical channels that facilitate the direct passage of small molecules between cells. The hypothesis is that IL‐8 enhances gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between fibroblasts in granulation tissue, which increases the rate of granulation tissue maturation. In vitro, human dermal fibroblasts were incubated with IL‐8 prior to scrape loading, a technique that quantifies GJIC. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges were implanted within subcutaneous pockets in rats and received local injections of either IL‐8 or saline and were harvested on day 11. In vitro, IL‐8 treated fibroblasts demonstrated an increase in GJIC by scrape loading compared to saline treated controls. In vivo, IL‐8 treated PVA sponges demonstrated a decrease in cell density and an increase in vascularization compared to saline controls by H&E staining. Polarized light viewed Sirius red‐stained specimens demonstrated greater collagen birefringence intensity, indicating thicker, more‐mature collagen fibers. IL‐8 increases GJIC in cultured fibroblasts and induces a more rapid maturation of granulation tissue. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Puromycin insensitive leucyl‐specific aminopeptidase (PILSAP) is involved in the activation of endothelial integrins
Authors: Akada Tetsuya , Yamazaki Tohru , Miyashita Hiroki , Niizeki Osamu , Abe Mayumi , Sato Akira , Satomi Susumu , Sato Yasufumi
Published: October 2002

We previously reported that mouse orthologue of puromycin insensitive leucyl‐specific aminopeptidase (mPILSAP) played an important role in angiogenesis by regulating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) (Miyashita et al., 2002. Blood 99:3241–3249). Here, we examined the mechanism as to how mPILSAP regulates the migration of ECs. Cell adhesion through integrins plays a crucial role in cell migration, and ECs use at least type‐1 collagen receptor integrin α2β1, fibronectin receptor α5β1, and vitronectin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5. mPILSAP antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS‐ODN) or leucinethiol (LT), a leucyl‐aminopeptidase inhibitor, did not affect the attachment but did significantly inhibit the spreading of cells of the murine endothelial cell line MSS31 when they were plated on vitronectin‐, fibronectin‐, or type‐1 collagen, although they did not affect the expression of integrin α2, α5, αv, β1, β3, and β5 subunits on the cell surface. AS‐ODN and LT also inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK when cells were plated on vitronectin, fibronectin, or type‐1 collagen. This inhibition of cell spreading and of tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK could be negated by Mg2+. These results suggest that mPILSAP is involved in the activation of endothelial integrins. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A theoretical study of the low-lying states of the AuSi molecule: An assignment of the excited A and D states
Authors: Abe Minori , Nakajima Takahito , Hirao Kimihiko
Published: October 2002

The lowest 42 electronic states of diatomic gas phase gold silicide are calculated by complete active space self-consistent field and second-order multiconfigurational perturbation theory. The scalar relativistic effect is considered by the third-order Douglas-Kroll method and the spin–orbit coupling is treated perturbatively after the spin-free calculations. The ground state of AuSi is confirmed to be the Π21/2 state, and the spin–orbit splitting of Π21/2 to Π23/2 is estimated as 1527 cm−1. From the careful analysis of the potential energy curves and the spectroscopic constants, the experimentally observed A and D excited states are assigned to Ω=1/2(II) or Ω=1/2(III) and Ω=1/2(V) or Ω=1/2(VI), respectively.
Sidewall effects in flow over a backward-facing step: Experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Tylli Niclas , Kaiktsis Lambros , Ineichen Beat
Published: October 2002

We present detailed experimental and numerical results of three-dimensional laminar flow over a backward-facing step with an expansion ratio of 2 and a downstream aspect ratio of 20. Experimental results for transitional and turbulent flow are also reported. We focus on the effects of sidewalls on flow structure. Experiments were based on both digital and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry; a spectral element method was used for the simulations. For laminar flow, both experimental and computational results illustrate the presence of a wall-jet at the channel lower wall, directed toward the channel midplane, in agreement with previous observations. The development of self-similar wall-jet profiles with increasing distance from the sidewalls is demonstrated. The intensity of this secondary flow increases with Reynolds number in the laminar regime, and decreases in the transitional and turbulent regimes. The effect of sidewalls on the primary and upper wall recirculation zones is demonstrated, and explains the literature discrepancies between experiments and two-dimensional simulations.
Spin-restricted coupled-cluster theory with triple excitations
Authors: Berente Imre , Szalay Péter G. , Gauss Jürgen
Published: October 2002

Working equations for a spin-restricted coupled-cluster (SR-CC) ansatz with full inclusion of triple excitations are presented. The equations have been derived using a new formulation of the SR-CC theory that is equivalent to the original one but much easier processed and also provides a new interpretation of the underlying concepts of the SR-CC approach. Test calculations with a preliminary SR-CC singles, doubles, triples (SR-CCSDT) implementation indicate that spin-restriction has a rather small effect on the computed energies and that the effects are—as expected—less pronounced than in the case of the CC singles, doubles approximation. The corresponding partially spin-adapted scheme turns out less accurate and is shown in CCSDT calculations to be incorrect in the untruncated limit.
Emergence of quantum-classical dynamics in an open quantum environment
Authors: Shiokawa Kazutomu , Kapral Raymond
Published: October 2002

The conditions under which an open quantum-mechanical system may be described by mixed quantum-classical dynamics are investigated. Decoherence is studied using influence functional methods in a model composite quantum system comprising two coupled systems, A and C, interacting with a harmonic bath with Ohmic and super-Ohmic spectral densities. Subsystem A is directly coupled to subsystem C, while C is coupled directly to the bath. Calculations are presented for a model where subsystem A is taken to be a two-level system which is bilinearly coupled to a single harmonic oscillator C subsystem. The loss of quantum coherence in each subsystem is discussed in the extreme nonadiabatic regime where the intrinsic dynamics of subsystem A is essentially frozen. Subsystem C is shown to lose its coherence rapidly, while subsystem A maintains coherence for longer time periods since C modulates the influence of the bath on A. Thus, one may identify situations where the coupled AC system evolution effectively obeys mixed quantum-classical dynamics.
A rescaled elliptic relaxation approach: Neutralizing the effect on the log layer
Authors: Manceau R. , Carlson J. R. , Gatski T. B.
Published: October 2002

An alternative scaling for the relaxation function describing the velocity pressure–gradient correlation used in the elliptic relaxation procedure for both eddy-viscosity and Reynolds stress models is presented. While other alternatives have been proposed to neutralize the adverse effect on log-layer dynamics, they have relied on altering the original differential formulation. A simpler alternative is presented here that involves a rescaling of the relaxation function with the isotropic dissipation rate as well as the turbulent kinetic energy. Various comparative tests are made and the new rescaled formulation is shown to provide improved and accurate predictions for both the eddy-viscosity and Reynolds stress models.
Dewetting of ultrathin surfactant-covered films
Authors: Warner M. R. E. , Craster R. V. , Matar O. K.
Published: October 2002

Many industrially and technologically important situations involve thin films covered with either pre-existing or introduced surfactant, which can potentially affect dewetting and spreading processes. The two-dimensional dewetting dynamics of ultrathin liquid films are studied here in the presence of insoluble surfactant; surfactants can drive a flow due to surface tension gradients and additionally the coefficients of the intermolecular potential, which are usually assumed to be constant, can depend on the surfactant concentration. Coupled evolution equations for the film height and surfactant concentration are derived using lubrication theory. These equations are parameterized by a Marangoni parameter, ℳ, and the equilibrium film thickness, lc, obtained by setting the intermolecular potential to zero. A linear stability analysis of these equations shows that the presence of surfactant can widen the band of unstable wave numbers and that, for relatively large lc, the selected wave number is minimized for a certain value of ℳ. Numerical simulations of the evolution equations show that initially nonuniform distributions of surfactant can destabilize clean spinodally stable films. Our results also show that it is possible to destabilize these films using uniform initial surfactant distributions, although this is only possible when the intermolecular potential coefficients are concentration dependent.
Particle imaging velocimetry experiments and lattice-Boltzmann simulations on a single sphere settling under gravity
Authors: ten Cate A. , Nieuwstad C. H. , Derksen J. J. , Van den Akker H. E. A.
Published: October 2002

A comparison is made between experiments and simulations on a single sphere settling in silicon oil in a box. Cross-correlation particle imaging velocimetry measurements were carried out at particle Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.5 to 31.9. The particle Stokes number varied from 0.2 to 4 and at bottom impact no rebound was observed. Detailed data of the flow field induced by the settling sphere were obtained, along with time series of the sphere’s trajectory and velocity during acceleration, steady fall and deceleration at bottom approach. Lattice–Boltzmann simulations prove to capture the full transient behavior of both the sphere motion and the fluid motion. The experimental data were used to assess the effect of spatial resolution in the simulations over a range of 2–8 grid nodes per sphere radius. The quality of the flow field predictions depends on the Reynolds number. When the sphere is very close to the bottom of the container, lubrication theory has been applied to compensate for the lack of spatial resolution in the simulations.
Optical properties of donor-triad cluster in GaAs and GaN
Authors: Souza de Almeida J. , da Silva A. J. , Norman P. , Persson C. , Ahuja R. , Ferreira da Silva A.
Published: October 2002

The effect of the transition energy of three-donor clusters on far infrared absorption in n-type semiconductor materials has been investigated by a multiconfigurational self-consistent-field model calculation and applied to GaAs and GaN systems. We show that it is crucial to consider the many-particle correlation effects within three-donor clusters. With electron correlation taken into account, the present results support the interpretation of a very recent unidentified peak energy observed in absorption measurement of GaN as due to electronic transitions in these clusters. We also corroborate the suggestion that the X line in GaAs arises from such transitions.
Synthesis of large-area germanium cone-arrays for application in electron field emission
Authors: Wan Q. , Wang T. H. , Feng T. , Liu X. H. , Lin C. L.
Published: October 2002

High-vacuum electron-beam evaporation was used to synthesize germanium (Ge) cone-arrays on N+-type (100) Si. The surface morphology of Ti nanocrystals’ catalyst and Ge cone-arrays was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The lattice constant of the Ge cones determined from x-ray diffraction was nearly identical to that of bulk Ge. The mechanism of Ge cone-arrays’ formation was investigated. The electron field emission properties of the as-prepared Ge cone-arrays were studied based on current–voltage measurements and the Fowler–Nordheim equation.
Harmonic frequency locking in a semiconductor laser with delayed negative optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Lin F. Y. , Liu J. M.
Published: October 2002

The locking states of a delayed negative optoelectronic feedback system are studied experimentally. Harmonic locking is observed in this system. Instead of locking to the frequency of the delay loop, the pulsing frequency of the system locks to a harmonic of the loop frequency. Moreover, a period-adding route of the locking states is found and locking states of Farey fractions up to order 17 are reported. The plot of the rotation number of the locking states shows a Devil’s staircase structure.
Optical speedup at transparency of the gain recovery in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Hessler T. P. , Dupertuis M.-A. , Deveaud B. , Emery J.-Y. , Dagens B.
Published: October 2002

Experimental demonstration of optical speedup at transparency (OSAT) has been performed on a 1 mm long semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). OSAT is a recently proposed scheme that decreases the recovery time of an SOA while maintaining the available gain. It is achieved by externally injecting into the SOA the beam of a separate high power laser at energies around the transparency point. Even though the experimental conditions were not optimal, a beam of 100 mW decreases the recovery time by a third when it is injected in the vicinity of the material transparency point of the device. This acceleration of the device response without detrimental reduction of the gain is found to be effective over a broad wavelength window of about 20 nm around transparency. The injection of the accelerating beam into the gain region is a less efficient solution not only because the gain is then strongly diminished but also because speeding is reduced. This originates from the reduction of the amplified spontaneous emission power in the device, which counterbalances the speeding capabilities of the external laser beam. Another advantage of the OSAT scheme is realized in relatively long SOAs, which suffer from gain overshoot under strong current injection. Simulations show that OSAT decreases the gain overshoot, which should enable us to use OSAT to further speedup the response of long SOAs.
Optical properties of the neodymium-containing transparent dielectrics for plasma display panel
Authors: Sohn S. H. , Lee D. K. , Kwon T. I. , Lee D. W. , Kim H. S.
Published: October 2002

We have prepared transparent dielectric thick films for the plasma display panel (PDP) by adding Nd2O3 into transparent dielectric materials and investigated their optical properties. The experimental results revealed that, owing to absorptions originating in the intratransition within the 4f shell of the Nd3+ ion, the neodymium-containing transparent dielectrics act not only as dielectrics, but also as a band rejection color filter. As a result, introduction of the neodymium-containing transparent dielectrics to PDP device yields a wider color gamut and higher color purity.
Direct evidence of multiple vibrational excitation for the Si–H/D bond breaking in metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors
Authors: Chen Zhi , Ong Pangling , Mylin Alicia Kay , Singh Vijay , Chetlur Sundar
Published: October 2002

Experiments based on substrate hot-electron generation due to impact ionization are designed to reveal whether the hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effect is caused by the density of electrons or their energy. It is found that the H/D isotope effect for hot-electron degradation is strongly dependent on the density of hot electrons presented at the interface. This suggests that the multiple vibrational excitation (heating) plays a major role in hot-carrier degradation of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors. Because of the unique nature of multiple vibrational excitation (heating), low-energy electrons are able to break Si–H/D bonds in MOS devices. This implies that hot-electron degradation is still an important reliability issue even if the drain voltage is scaled down to below 1 V.
Pressure behavior of Te isoelectronic centers in ZnS:Te
Authors: Fang Z. L. , Su F. H. , Ma B. S. , Ding K. , Han H. X. , Li G. H. , Sou I. K. , Ge W. K.
Published: October 2002

ZnS:Te epilayers with Te concentration from 0.5% to 3.1% were studied by photoluminescence under hydrostatic pressure at 15 K. Two emission bands related to the isolated Te1 and Te2 pair isoelectronic centers were observed in the samples with Te concentrations of 0.5% and 0.65%. For the samples with Te concentrations of 1.4% and 3.1%, only the Te2-related peak was observed. The pressure coefficients of all the Te1-related bands were found to be unexpectedly much larger than that of the ZnS band gap. The pressure coefficients for all the Te2-related bands are, however, rather smaller than that of ZnS band gap as usually observed. Analysis based on a Koster–Slater model indicates that an increase of the valence bandwidth with pressure is the main reason for the faster pressure shift of the Te1 centers, and the huge difference in the pressure behavior of the Te1 and Te2 centers is due mainly to the difference in the pressure-induced enhancement of the impurity potential on the Te1 and Te2 centers.
Room-temperature 2.5 μm InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode lasers emitting 1 W continuous waves
Authors: Kim J. G. , Shterengas L. , Martinelli R. U. , Belenky G. L. , Garbuzov D. Z. , Chan W. K.
Published: October 2002

We have characterized 2.5-μm-wavelength InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb two-quantum-well diode lasers that emit 1 W continuous waves from a 100-μm-wide aperture at a temperature of 12 °C. The threshold current density is 250 A/cm2, and the external quantum efficiency near threshold is 0.36. The wall–plug efficiency reaches a maximum of 12% at a current of 2 A. Operating in the pulsed-current mode, the devices output nearly 5 W at 20 °C. These lasers exhibit internal losses of about 4 cm−1 and differential series resistances of about 0.1 Ω. A broad-waveguide design lowers internal losses, and highly doped transition regions between the cladding layers and the GaSb reduces series resistance.
In situ measurements of GaN photoluminescence at metal and electrolyte contacts
Authors: Harvey E. , Heffernan C. , Buckley D. N. , O’Raifeartaigh C.
Published: October 2002

The characteristics of GaN photoluminescence have been measured in situ as a function of potential at gold and electrolyte contacts. In the case of the GaN/electrolyte contact, it was found that for aqueous KOH and sulfate-based electrolytes over a pH range of 0–14, the photoluminescence intensity increased sharply at applied potentials close to the flatband value. In contrast, no significant increase in photoluminescence intensity above the open-circuit value was measured for the GaN/Au contact. In this case, the photoluminescence intensity was reduced under reverse biased conditions and the photoluminescence was effectively quenched at reverse potentials above 7.5 V.
The training, careers, and work of Ph.D. physical scientists: Not simply academic
Authors: Smith Steven J. , Pedersen-Gallegos Liane , Riegle-Crumb Catherine
Published: October 2002

We present an in-depth portrait of the training, careers, and work of recent Ph.D. physical scientists. Use of specialized training varies widely, with about half often using knowledge of their Ph.D. specialty area in their jobs. The use of specialized training does not, however, correlate with job satisfaction. In this and other important measures, there are relatively few differences between “academics” and “nonacademics.” Important job skills for all employment sectors include writing, oral presentation, management, data analysis, designing projects, critical thinking, and working in an interdisciplinary context. Rankings given by respondents of graduate training in some of these skill areas were significantly lower than the importance of these skills in the workplace. We also found that the rated quality of graduate training varies relatively little by department or advisor. Finally, although nonacademic aspirations among graduate students are fairly common, these do not appear to be well supported while in graduate school.
FAST RECONSTRUCTION OF CURVES WITH SHARP CORNERS
Authors: DEY TAMAL K. , WENGER REPHAEL
Published: October 2002

We present an algorithm to reconstruct a collection of piecewise smooth simple closed curves in the plane from a set of n sample points in O(n log n) time We prove our algorithm correctly reconstructs the curves assuming certain sampling conditions which are based on the minimum angle made by tangents at any corner point but does not include any assumptions about the uniformity of the sampling.