bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VLA detects CO(1–0) emission in the z = 3.65 quasar SDSS J160705+533558
Authors: Fogasy J. , Knudsen K. K. , Varenius E.
Published: February 2022

We present CO(1–0) observations of the high-redshift quasar SDSS J160705+533558 (z = 3.653) using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We detect CO emission associated with the quasar and at ∼16.8 kpc projected distance from it, separated by ∼800 km s−1 in velocity. The total molecular gas mass of this system is ∼5 × 1010 M⊙. By comparing our CO detections with previous submillimetre (submm) observations of the source, an offset between the different emission components is revealed: the peak of the submm emission is offset from the quasar and from the CO companion detected in our VLA data. To explain our findings, we propose a scenario similar to that for the Antennae galaxies: SDSS J160705+533558 might be a merger system in which the quasar and the CO companion are the merging galaxies, whose interaction resulted in the formation of a dusty, star-forming overlap region between the galaxies that is dominant at the submm wavelengths.
Infection spreading in cell culture as a reaction-diffusion wave
Authors: Ait Mahiout Latifa , Bessonov Nikolai , Kazmierczak Bogdan , Sadaka Georges , Volpert Vitaly
Published: February 2022

Infection spreading in cell culture occurs due to virus replication in infected cells and its random motion in the extracellular space. Multiplicity of infection experiments in cell cultures are conventionally used for the characterization of viral infection by the number of viral plaques and the rate of their growth. We describe this process with a delay reaction-diffusion system of equations for the concentrations of uninfected cells, infected cells, virus, and interferon. Time delay corresponds to the duration of viral replication inside infected cells. We show that infection propagates in cell culture as a reaction-diffusion wave, we determine the wave speed and prove its existence. Next, we carry out numerical simulations and identify three stages of infection progression: infection decay during time delay due to virus replication, explosive growth of viral load when infected cells begin to reproduce it, and finally, wave-like infection progression in cell culture characterized by a constant or slowly growing total viral load. The modelling results are in agreement with the experimental data for the coronavirus infection in a culture of epithelial cells and for some other experiments. The presence of interferon produced by infected cells decreases the viral load but does not change the speed of infection progression in cell culture. In the 2D modelling, the total viral load grows faster than in the 1D case due to the increase of plaque perimeter.
Shape reconstructions by using plasmon resonances
Authors: Ding Ming-Hui , Liu Hongyu , Zheng Guang-Hui
Published: February 2022

We study the shape reconstruction of an inclusion from the faraway measurement of the associated electric field. This is an inverse problem of practical importance in biomedical imaging and is known to be notoriously ill-posed. By incorporating Drude’s model of the permittivity parameter, we propose a novel reconstruction scheme by using the plasmon resonance with a significantly enhanced resonant field. We conduct a delicate sensitivity analysis to establish a sharp relationship between the sensitivity of the reconstruction and the plasmon resonance. It is shown that when plasmon resonance occurs, the sensitivity functional blows up and hence ensures a more robust and effective construction. Then we combine the Tikhonov regularization with the Laplace approximation to solve the inverse problem, which is an organic hybridization of the deterministic and stochastic methods and can quickly calculate the minimizer while capture the uncertainty of the solution. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to illustrate the promising features of the proposed reconstruction scheme.
Calibration of the GOES 6–16 high-energy proton detectors based on modelling of ground level enhancement energy spectra
Authors: Hu Shaowen , Semones Edward
Published: February 2022

For several decades, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) series have provided both real-time and historical data for radiation exposure estimation and solar proton radiation environment modelling. Recently, several groups conducted calibration studies that significantly reduced the uncertainties on the response of GOES proton detectors, thus improving the reliability of the spectral observations of solar energetic particle events. In this work, the long-established Band function fitting set for past ground level enhancements (GLEs) and their recent revision are used as references to estimate the best matching energies of proton channels of GOES 6–16, with emphasis on comparing with previous calibration studies on the high energetic proton measurements. The calculated energies for different missions in the same series (GOES 8, 10, 11) show overall consistency but with small variations, and differences among missions of different series are noticeable for measurements crossing the past three solar cycles, though the results are sensitive to the method used to subtract background fluxes. The discrepancy and agreement with previous calibration efforts are demonstrated with other independent analyses. It is verified that the integral channel P11 of GOES 6–16 can be reliably used as a differential proton channel with an effective energy of about 1 GeV. Therefore, the multi-decade in situ measurements of the GOES series can be utilized with more extensive energy coverage to improve space radiation environment models.
Noncontact magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for infection-free gastric examination during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot, open-label, randomized trial
Authors: Zhu Jia-Hui , Pan Jun , Xu Xiao-Nan , Liu Ya-Wei , Qian Yang-Yang , Jiang Xi , Jiang Bin , Zhou Wei , Linghu En-Qiang , Li Zhao-Shen , Liao Zhuan
Published: February 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopists have been at increased risk because of their direct contact with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. For patients, being diagnosed with and monitored for gastrointestinal cancer and digestive diseases in timely fashion has been challenging, given pandemic-related adjustments in endoscopy departments. We developed a novel noncontact magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (ncMCE) system in our medical center. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ncMCE for gastric examination.

Patients and methods Patients were randomly assigned to groups that received ncMCE or MCE in a 1:1 ratio from March 26, 2020 to April 26, 2020. Primary endpoints were feasibility assessed by completion rate (CR) and safety based on the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) including infection. Secondary endpoints included maneuverability of endoscopists, pre-procedure perception and post-procedure satisfaction of patients, gastric examination time (GET), and diagnostic yield (DY).

Results Forty patients were enrolled with 100 % CR in both groups without any AEs. Neither the endoscopist nor the patients were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 14 days after gastric examination. There were no significant differences in maneuverability (19.3 vs. 20.0, P = 0.179), pre-procedure perception (9 vs. 9, P = 0.626) and post-procedure satisfaction (45 vs. 44, P =  0.999), ord DY (20 % vs. 30 %, P = 0.465).

Conclusions ncMCE is a feasible and safe method of gastric examination, which has the potential to protect both medical staff and patients from COVID-19 infection while providing serving as an essential endoscopy service.
Acute Arterial Embolization Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Xin , Yu Haoran , Cheng Wendan
Published: February 2022

Acute arterial embolization is a rare but serious complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). So far, the general consensus for this situation is that revascularization must be
performed immediately, but the specific treatment is still controversial. We report two cases of popliteal artery (PA) embolization caused by acute arterial thrombosis following TKA. Both
patients suffered the loss of sensation and movement of the right lower limb and disappearance of dorsalis pedis artery pulsation after operation. Angiography showed PA embolization. One
of the patients received thrombolytic therapy, but he developed a large area of infection and necrosis of the right calf muscle and required multiple debridement and skin grafting
procedures after successful thrombolysis. The other patient underwent thrombectomy, vascular reconstruction, and prophylactic fasciotomy, and some foot numbness and slight extensor
weakness remained after the operation. The authors suggest that surgeons should pay adequate attention to high-risk patients with TKA. Medical history and physical examination should be
carefully collected before operation. The surgical procedure should be performed accurately and gently, and limb sensation and blood circulation should be carefully observed after
operation. If foot sensation is abnormal and arterial pulsation is weakened, necessary examinations (Doppler ultrasound and arteriography) should be carried out immediately. Once diagnosed
with arterial thrombosis, the blood supply should be restored immediately. If the diagnosis is delayed for more than 6 hours, prophylactic fasciotomy may be required as a treatment to
avoid adverse consequences.
Partially covered self-expandable metal stent with antimigratory single flange plays important role during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Yamamura Masahiro , Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Yamada Masanori , Ueshima Kazuya , Matsuno Jun , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: February 2022

Background and study aims Stent migration into the abdominal cavity, which can occur due to stent shortening or stomach mobility, is a critical adverse event (AE) in EUS-HGS. To prevent this AE due to stent shortening, a novel, partially covered self-expandable metal stent with an antimigratory single flange has recently become available in Japan. The present study evaluated the clinical feasibility and safety of EUS-HGS using this novel stent.

Patients and methods We measured stent length in the abdominal cavity and the luminal portion after EUS-HGS using computed tomography (CT) performed 1 day after EUS-HGS (early phase). To evaluate stent shortening and the influence of stomach mobility, we also measured stent length at the same sites on CT performed at least 7 days after EUS-HGS (late phase).

Results Thirty-one patients successfully underwent EUS-HGS using this stent. According to CT in the early phase, stent length in the abdominal cavity was 7.13 ± 2.11 mm and the length of the luminal portion was 53.3 ± 6.27 mm. Conversely, according to CT in the late phase, stent length in the abdominal cavity was 8.55 ± 2.36 mm and the length of the luminal portion was 50.0 ± 8.36 mm. Stent shortening in the luminal portion was significantly greater in the late phase than in the early phase (P = 0.04).

Conclusions CT showed that stent migration can occur even with successful stent deployment, due to various factors such as stent shortening. The antimigratory single flange may be helpful to prevent stent migration, but further prospective comparative studies are needed to confirm our results.
Bismuth(III) Triflate-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization of Phenols with Diols: Direct Access to O-Heterocycles
Authors: Minakawa Maki , Sakurai Yuya
Published: February 2022

A direct access to O-heterocycles by Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of phenols with diols is described. Catalytic dehydrative tandem formation of C–O and C–C bonds was achieved by using a Bi(OTf)3 catalyst without any additives. The catalytic intermolecular cyclization of phenols with various diols proceeded to give the corresponding chromanes in up to 91% yield and/or pyran derivatives in up to 66% yield.
Endovascular Treatment of Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysms Post-COVID-19 Pneumonitis
Authors: Kundaragi Nischal G. , K. Sunil Kumar , Talwade Rahul , Lokeshwaran Srivatsa , K. Priyanka V.
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are uncommon entities consisting of contained rupture of the pulmonary artery and are a potentially fatal cause of hemoptysis. We describe two index cases of left lower lobe PAPs and arterial ectasia post-COVID-19 pneumonitis and their endovascular treatment with Amplatzer vascular plug, coils, and glue.
Congenital Radial Nerve Palsy in a Preterm Baby—A Case Report
Authors: Manjunath Mridula Arabu , Nagabushana Divya , M. Pradeep G. C. , Mangalgi Sharanabasavesh , Veerabhadraiah Krithika Manne
Published: February 2022

Congenital radial nerve palsy is a rare condition seen in newborns. It is thought to occur due to compression of upper arm against the pelvic rim in the intrauterine period. We report one such case of congenital radial nerve palsy in a preterm neonate with a classical ecchymotic skin lesion in the upper arm accompanying the wrist drop. The condition has a good prognosis with spontaneous recovery happening within 6 months in most cases.
Active FXI Can Independently Predict Ischemic Stroke in Anticoagulated Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ząbczyk Michał Tomasz , Hanarz Maksymilian , Malinowski Krzysztof P. , Pociask Elżbieta , Butenas Saulius , Gajos Grzegorz , Undas Anetta
Published: February 2022

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a prothrombotic state. Presence of active tissue factor (TF), activated factor IX (FIXa) and FXIa in circulating blood contributes to thrombosis. We investigated a prognostic value of these factors in AF patients.

Methods In this cohort study, 284 AF patients (aged 63.3 ± 8.8 years) treated with oral anticoagulants were enrolled. Plasma levels of active coagulation factors were evaluated using thrombin generation assay. Concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial damage markers, including von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble (s)E-selectin, were also measured. Ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death, analyzed separately or as a composite endpoint, were recorded during a mean follow-up of 47 months.

Results Cerebrovascular events were observed in 20 patients (1.8%/year) who had at baseline higher fibrinogen, D-dimer, and VWF levels. Active TF and FXIa at enrollment were detectable in 12 (60%) and 15 (75%) patients who experienced ischemic stroke during follow-up. The composite endpoint observed in 23 patients (2.1%/year) was associated with increased concentrations of the above laboratory variables, along with 26% higher IL-6 levels. sE-selectin did not differ between the studied groups. On multivariable regression analysis, advanced age, anticoagulation discontinuation, and detectable FXIa, but not active TF, independently predicted the composite endpoint. No associations of FIXa with the study endpoints were observed.

Conclusion FXIa present in circulating blood is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death in anticoagulated AF patients during long-term follow-up. FXIa inhibition could be useful in cardiovascular prevention in AF beyond the current oral anticoagulation.
The 72-Hour Microcirculation Dynamics in Viable Free Flap Reconstructions
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Gernert Clara , Frank Konstantin , Giunta Riccardo E. , Ehrl Denis
Published: February 2022

Background The risk for vascular complications is the highest within the first 24 hours after free flap transfer. Clinical signs of critical perfusion are often recognized with time delay, impeding flap salvage. To detect failing flaps as soon as possible and to prevent persisting microvascular impairments, knowledge of physiological perfusion dynamics in free flaps is needed. Aim of this study was to investigate the physiological perfusion dynamics of viable free flaps using the Oxygen to See (O2C) device for continuous monitoring.

Methods Microcirculation was continuously monitored in 85 viable free flaps over a period of up to 72 hours following microvascular anastomosis using tissue spectrophotometry and laser Doppler flowmetry (O2C, LEA Medizintechnik, Gießen, Germany). The parameters investigated included capillary-venous blood flow (flow), oxygen saturation (SO2), and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHB).

Results Microcirculatory blood flow increased significantly overall, especially within the first 18 hours after microsurgical anastomosis, after which peak formation was occurred. Mean values of SO2 showed a decreasing trend and the steepest decrease of SO2 (slope: 1.0) occurred during the steepest increase of flow between 3 and 6 hours (slope: 4.7) postanastomosis. The rHB values remained fairly constant throughout the study period.

Conclusion Hyperemia after free flap transfer accounts for a significant increase of microvascular flow. Tissue oxygenation is reduced, likely due to an increase of oxygen consumption after anastomosis. A better understanding of physiological perfusion dynamics in free flaps can aid surgeons in recognizing compromised vasculature earlier and improve free flap salvage.
Dynamic properties of a ferromagnetic skyrmion in an in-plane magnetic field
Authors: Guo J. H. , Hou Y. , Xia J. , Zhang X. , Pong Philip W. T. , Zhou Y.
Published: February 2022

The magnetic field is one of the widely used external stimuli to manipulate magnetic skyrmions. On the other hand, the skyrmion Hall effect can force the skyrmion to move perpendicular to the driving direction, which may lead to the annihilation of the skyrmion at the sample edge. Here, we study a skyrmion guide based on a nanotrack, where the skyrmion is controlled by the spin-transfer torque or spin–orbit torque in the presence of an in-plane field. The effects of spin-torque parameters, spin polarization directions, and magnetic field with an appropriate magnitude on the skyrmion motion are explored. Both static and dynamic properties of the skyrmion are demonstrated through micromagnetic simulations. Our results can be useful for the development of topological transport channels for spintronic devices.
An improved hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting method for fluid–structure interaction feedback with elastic boundaries
Authors: He Yanfei , Zhang Xingwu , Zhang Tao , Geng Jia , Liu Jinxin , Chen Xuefeng
Published: February 2022

To simulate the noise caused by acoustic radiation, scattering, and flow, standard hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting methods have been extensively researched and developed. These methods decompose compressible Navier–Stokes equations into incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and acoustic perturbed equations but generally do not consider the influence of the fluid–structure interaction with elastic boundaries. In response to this defect, a wavelet finite element method is introduced to construct the elastic boundary static model, and a wavelet immersed boundary method is used to simulate the fluid–structure coupling incompressible flow field. In addition, a perfectly matched layer technique is applied to form non-reflective boundary conditions in the acoustic perturbed equations. Based on these approaches, an improved hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting method is presented for fluid–structure interaction feedback with elastic boundaries. Finally, several numerical examples were calculated, including acoustic radiations and scatterings, as well as flow-induced noise, to verify that the new method is a simple and efficient method for fluid–structure–sound interactions.
Swarm of slender pusher and puller swimmers at finite Reynolds numbers
Authors: Cavaiola M.
Published: February 2022

The study of the flow field resulting from suspensions of swimmers at moderate Reynolds numbers, along with hydrodynamic interactions, has received little attention until now despite being of great interest to researchers in the fields of marine ecology, biology, and engineering. By means of direct numerical simulations, employing a state-of-the-art fully resolved immersed boundary method, the suspensions of inertial slender pusher and puller swimmers are investigated in dilute volume fractions and swimming Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 50 with the objective to identify the existence of correlated flow motions and scales when inertia plays a crucial role. The properties of the flow field resulting from the collective motion of the swimmers, as well as the characteristics of their orientation along with their temporal correlation, have been analyzed. Results show nontrivial flow motions as the Reynolds number changes along with a complex swimmer dynamics.
The nonlinear rheology of complex yield stress foods
Authors: Griebler James J. , Rogers Simon A.
Published: February 2022

Many foods have a yield stress that allows them to retain a desired shape at rest, but transition into a viscous fluid when being served or consumed. The determination of the yield stress of the food dictates how the foods are formed and packaged, how they are served, and how they are perceived when being eaten. Oscillatory shearing provides an ideal test protocol to map the rheology across a range of time and flow strength scales. We couple oscillatory shearing and an iterative recovery procedure to show that the yielding process is a continuous transition for two common yield stress foods. We show that unrecoverable processes from oscillatory tests are equivalent to the steady shear flow behavior. We show that this yielding behavior can be well approximated by a recently published model that treats yield stress materials as continuous viscoelastic fluids with a rate-dependent relaxation time and has parameters that can be obtained from the linear viscoelastic oscillatory frequency sweep and the steady shear flow curve.
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators
Authors: Alonso-Alonso Sandra , Santaló Josep , Ibáñez Elena
Published: February 2022

Context Derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) from single blastomeres is an interesting alternative to the use of whole blastocysts, but derivation rates are lower and the requirements for successful ESC obtention are still poorly defined. Aims To investigate the effects of embryo cryopreservation and of signalling modulators present during embryo culture and/or ESC establishment on ESC derivation efficiency from single 8-cell mouse blastomeres. Method Fresh and cryopreserved 2-cell embryos were cultured and biopsied at the 8-cell stage. Single blastomeres were cultured in the presence of 2i or R2i cocktails, with or without adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We analysed ESC derivation efficiencies and characterised pluripotency genes expression and karyotype integrity of the resulting lines. We also evaluated the impact of embryo preculture with R2i on epiblast cell numbers and derivation rates. Key results The ESC generation was not compromised by embryo cryopreservation and ACTH was dispensable under most of the conditions tested. While 2i and R2i were similarly effective for ESC derivation, R2i provided higher karyotype integrity. Embryo preculture with R2i yielded increased numbers of epiblast cells but did not lead to increased ESC generation. Conclusions Our findings help to define a simplified and efficient procedure for the establishment of mouse ESC from single 8-cell blastomeres. Implications This study will contribute to improving the potential of this experimental procedure, providing a tool to investigate the developmental potential of blastomeres isolated from different embryonic stages and to reduce the number of embryos needed for ESC derivation.
A method for soil management assessment in an unreplicated commercial field
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Plant Richard E.
Published: February 2022

Context Unreplicated trials are common in agriculture. However, statistical inferences differ from those of traditional experiments based on small, replicated plots. Aims To present a method to assess management effects on soil carbon (C) storage from unreplicated, side-by-side field trials. Methods Two estimates of means with spatially correlated errors are compared using a corrected t-statistic. Then causal inference is made by analysing a significant difference between the means (P < 0.05) and its changes over time. The use of the method is described in comparing yield and organic C stocks between two large fields. Yield was measured during 1997–2005 with a commercial yield monitor, and soil organic C stocks during 2003–2005. The fields experienced the same tillage practice until autumn 2003 and then with different tillage intensity. Key results The results show that crop C yield did not differ between the fields when using the same tillage practice but was greater in the tilled than the no-till field. The results also suggest that total and particulate organic matter-C contents depend on tillage history. For comparative purposes, the data were also analysed using standard mixed model analysis with a semivariogram model for spatial autocorrelation among the residuals. The mixed model results were generally similar to those of the corrected t-statistic method. The mixed model was often, but not always, less conservative than the corrected t-statistic model. Conclusions The method allows analysis of whole-field data and improves our understanding of soil C processes in commercial fields, where agricultural assessment cannot involve replication due to agronomic and economic constraints. Implications The method complements observational data analyses and can offer a direction towards whole-field management.
Codeswitching and artistic performance among multilingual minorities in Flanders
Authors: Lafkioui Mena B.
Published: February 2022

Viewed from an interactional sociolinguistic perspective, this research addresses multilingual codeswitching practices of youngsters with North African roots from the super-diverse Flemish city of Ghent. Particular attention is paid here to their artistic – mainly interethnic – performances, as these play a vital role in constructing ethnic and social belonging by voicing “glocal” identities. In so doing, the study provides evidence of the importance of multilingualism and codeswitching in the accommodation, socialization, and emancipation of these youngsters.
Beyond differences and similarities in codeswitching and translanguaging research
Authors: Balam Osmer
Published: February 2022

In previous research, there has been an emphasis on differentiating and distancingtranslanguagingfromcodeswitching, partly on the basis that the latter refers to the combination of two discrete systems that correspond to named languages. While this is the mainstream view, there are codeswitching scholars who have proposed alternative views that align with some of the same observations and criticisms that have been raised by proponents of translanguaging. In this conceptual paper, I provide an overview of translanguaging alongside opposing views of codeswitching, and I underscore important similarities that have thus far been absent from present discussions regarding translanguaging versus codeswitching. Drawing on data from the understudied Spanish/English codeswitching variety spoken in Northern Belize, I discuss how bilingual compound verbs lend support to alternative views of codeswitching. Despite clear differences in their empirical goals, research conducted by both codeswitching and translanguaging scholars compels us to reexamine fundamental notions about language and linguistic competence. This reevaluation will not only contribute to theoretical advancement, but it will further elucidate our understanding of the complexity and dynamicity that characterizes bi/multilingual speech production and processing.
Diminutive constructions inbilingual speech
Authors: Vanhaverbeke Margot , Enghels Renata
Published: February 2022

The diminutive construction is formed and used differently in Spanish and English, which leads us to the question how this construction with different morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic characteristics in the input languages is governed in Spanish-English bilingual and codeswitching speech. Through the analysis of a dataset of diminutive constructions extracted from the Bangor Miami corpus, this paper contributes to a better understanding of how one and the same construction differently represented in the input languages is administered in bilingual contexts. As this is a first approach to studying diminutives in codeswitching, three well known structural codeswitching models serve as a primary theoretical tool against which the diminutive is tested. These arePoplack’s (1980)Universal Constraints,Myers-Scotton’s (2002)Matrix Language Frame Model, andBlom and Gumperz’ (1972)Metaphorical Codeswitching Framework. The results show that Miami bilinguals prefer the prototypical markers of each language, -itoandlittle(e.g.un partimecito, un little estante). Furthermore, while the data largely confirm Poplack’s Constraints, they refute our hypothesis based on Myers-Scotton’s MLF model. Regarding Gumperz’ theory, the use of diminutive markers in a particular language correlates with a certain meaning the speaker wants to communicate (i.e. quantitative or qualitative), which again provides support to the framework.
A contrastive perspective on French and Italian wh-in situ questions
Authors: Garassino Davide
Published: February 2022

This paper offers a qualitative and quantitative analysis of French and Italian wh-in situ questions based on spontaneous spoken data. A pragmatic analysis relying on two parameters, propositional activation and pragmatic functions, reveals that the licensing conditions and the use of this structure largely differ in the two languages. While French wh-in situ do not require an activated proposition and can introduce a discourse-new topic, Italian wh-in situ mostly require an activated proposition and, at least in the analyzed corpus data, do not introduce discourse-new topics. An examination of the context also reveals that the different licensing conditions influence the interactional uses of these questions. All in all, both French and Italian wh-in situ require a pragmatic condition, which is their ‘anchoring’ to given, or at least inferable, information in the linguistic context (as is typical of Italian) or to predictable situations in the extralinguistic context (such as expected discourse moves in social interactions, as is the case for French).
Slater–Koster parametrization for the phonons of monolayer MoX2(X = S, Se or Te)
Authors: Pan Baoru , Zhou Pan , Xiao Huaping , Yang Xuejuan , Sun Lizhong
Published: February 2022

With the help of the Slater–Koster parametrization, we construct simplified force constant (FC) models to describe the phonons of several two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (MoX2, X = S, Se or Te) by only considering the FCs to fourth-nearest-neighbor interactions. By fitting the phonon dispersions derived from first-principles calculations, we find these models can well describe the symmetry characters and semimetal states of MoX2’s phonons. Combining the basis of the FC model and the theory of tensor representation, we derive the origin of the irreducible representations at the high symmetry points Γ, K and M. Moreover, by using the compatibility relation between high symmetry points and high symmetry lines, we find the semimetal states of MoX2 are protected by vertical and horizontal mirrors. Our work provides an effective tool to further study the phonons of 2D TMDs.
Spin-dependent band-gap formation for the L-gap surface state on the

(22×3)

reconstructed Au(111) surface
Authors: Ishida H
Published: February 2022

We elucidate how the free-electron-like energy dispersion of the L-gap surface state on a Au(111)-(1 × 1) surface is modified by the experimentally observed uniaxial reconstruction of the topmost atomic layer. For this purpose, we perform a first-principles embedded Green’s function calculation for the

(

22
×

3

)

reconstructed semi-infinite Au(111) surface. The obtained band structure unfolded into the surface Brillouin zone of the (1 × 1) surface can be understood in terms of two spin-split parabolic bands centered at the

Γ

¯

point, their umklapp-induced replicas centered at reciprocal lattice vectors of the superlattice (SL) with much weaker intensities, and mini band gaps at the crossing of two of them. More importantly, it is revealed that the band-gap size depends not only on the amplitude of the SL potential but also on mutual spin orientations of two crossing bands. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the band-gap size and the charge density distribution of the surface states are closely correlated with spatial profile of the SL potential.
Atomistic to continuum scale investigations on mechanical properties of epoxy bonded fiber reinforced polymer composite systems under hygro-thermal exposures
Authors: Sindu B S , Sasmal Saptarshi
Published: February 2022

Epoxy polymers are widely used as adhesives in bonded composite systems. In this study, multi-scale computational investigations from molecular dynamics (MD) to finite element (FE) simulations are carried out to understand the material behaviour at atomistic level and to evaluate the performance at macro level. MD investigations are carried out to understand the extent of degradation of mechanical (such as strength, modulus) and transport properties (such as moisture diffusion coefficient) due to different environmental conditions like moisture ingress and high temperature. The influence of degree of curing of epoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) and type of hardener (diethyltoluene diamine, diethylene triamine, trimethylene hexadiamine) on the mechanical performance of the cross-linked epoxy polymer systems is also investigated. In-depth investigations are also carried out to identify the factors contributing to the total potential energy of cross-linked epoxy polymers and their role during the process of curing. Diffusion coefficient (key transport property) of epoxy polymer under moisture exposure is also determined using MD simulations. It has been demonstrated that high temperature causes the increase in diffusion in epoxy polymer systems. The observations on the performance of the epoxy system under moisture exposure obtained from MD simulations are translated to the higher length scale. The moisture ingress (in turn, significant reduction in mechanical properties) in epoxy polymer used for bonded composite system is also investigated using FE simulations. It is found that the extent of moisture ingress in the epoxy adhesive increases rapidly when epoxy polymer is environmentally exposed (under high temperature), and thus, the whole system gradually loses its effectiveness due to mechanical degradation. The findings of this study will help in understanding crucial parameters and aid to better use/engineering of epoxy polymers.
Camera-based assessment of cutaneous perfusion strength in a clinical setting
Authors: Hammer Alexander , Scherpf Matthieu , Schmidt Martin , Ernst Hannes , Malberg Hagen , Matschke Klaus , Dragu Adrian , Martin Judy , Bota Olimpiu
Published: February 2022

Objective. After skin flap transplants, perfusion strength monitoring is essential for the early detection of tissue perfusion disorders and thus to ensure the survival of skin flaps. Camera-based photoplethysmography (cbPPG) is a non-contact measurement method, using video cameras and ambient light, which provides spatially resolved information about tissue perfusion. It has not been researched yet whether the measurement depth of cbPPG, which is limited by the penetration depth of ambient light, is sufficient to reach pulsatile vessels and thus to measure the perfusion strength in regions that are relevant for skin flap transplants. Approach. We applied constant negative pressure (compared to ambient pressure) to the anterior thighs of 40 healthy subjects. Seven measurements (two before and five up to 90 min after the intervention) were acquired using an RGB video camera and photospectrometry simultaneously. We investigated the performance of different algorithmic approaches for perfusion strength assessment, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), its logarithmic components logS and logN, amplitude maps, and the amplitude height of alternating and direct signal components. Main results. We found strong correlations of up to r = 0.694 (p < 0.001) between photospectrometric measurements and all cbPPG parameters except SNR when using the green color channel. The transfer of cbPPG signals to POS, CHROM, and O3C did not lead to systematic improvements. However, for direct signal components, the transformation to O3C led to correlations of up to r = 0.744 (p < 0.001) with photospectrometric measurements. Significance. Our results indicate that a camera-based perfusion strength assessment in tissue with deep-seated pulsatile vessels is possible.
Ozone production in a dielectric barrier discharge in air- and oxygen–methane mixtures. Experiment and modeling
Authors: Torbin A P , Demyanov A V , Kochetov I V , Mikheyev P A , Mebel A M
Published: February 2022

The effect of methane on ozone production in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was studied in mixtures of CH4 with synthesized air and oxygen. It was found that addition of CH4 significantly reduced the number density of ozone other conditions being equal. A DBD model was developed that takes into account the spatial structure of microdischarges and the fact that near the electrodes their filaments transform into surface discharges, where most of ozone is produced. In addition, in air and air–CH4 mixtures the successive microdischarges were considered to occur not randomly in space, but at the same positions on the electrodes or moving with the flow occurring in the same volumes. The measured values of ozone number density downstream of the DBD were compared with simulation results, obtained with this novel DBD model. A good agreement between experiment and calculations was observed.
Physical nature of size effects in TiAlNiAu/GaN ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heteroepitaxial structures
Authors: Torkhov N A , Gradoboev A V , Orlova K N , Toropov A S
Published: February 2022

The size effect observed in TiAlNiAu/GaN ohmic contacts (OCs) makes itself evident in the dependence of their relative electrical characteristics R
SH
, R
SK
, ρ and geometrical parameter L
T on the LTLM test line width Wk
. The paper explores the geometry of relief (topography) irregularities and their interface conductivity, indicating the great significance of the fractal geometry for the description of the electrophysical and device characteristics. The regularities discovered can be of great practical importance in terms of OC development and optimization for micro-/nanoelectronics demands.
Landau-type sudden transitions of quantum correlations
Authors: Yurischev Mikhail A
Published: February 2022

Sudden changes of quantum correlations in the Bell-diagonal states are well-known effects. They occur when the set of optimal parameters that determine the quantum correlation consists of isolated points and optimal parameters during the evolution of the system jump from one such point to another (e.g., the optimal measurement angle of the quantum discord changes discontinuously from zero to π/2 or vice versa). However, when considering more general X quantum states, we found that quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit can experience sudden changes of other kinds. Namely, the optimal measurement angle may suddenly start to shift continuously from its stationary value 0 or π/2 to an intermediate optimal measurement angle ϑ ∈ (0, π/2). This leads to a new behavior of quantum correlations, which is mathematically described by the Landau phenomenological theory of second-order phase transitions. In addition, for the one-way quantum work deficit, we found cases where the optimal measurement angle jumps from zero to a nonzero step less than π/2, and then continuously changes its value. This behavior of quantum correlation is similar to a first-order phase transition in Landau’s theory. Dependencies of quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit near the boundaries, which separate regions with state-dependent (variable) and state-independent (stationary, constant) optimal measurement angles, are examined in detail on an example of the XXZ spin model in an external field at thermal equilibrium.
Self-interacting dark matter in cosmology: accurate numerical implementation and observational constraints
Authors: Yunis Rafael , Argüelles Carlos R. , Scóccola Claudia G. , López Nacir Diana , Giordano Gastón
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a systematic and accurate treatment of the evolution of cosmological perturbations in self-interacting dark matter models, for particles which decoupled from the primordial plasma while relativistic. We provide a numerical implementation of the Boltzmann hierarchies developed in a previous paper [JCAP, 09 (2020) 041] in a publicly available Boltzmann code and show how it can be applied to realistic DM candidates such as sterile neutrinos either under resonant or non-resonant production mechanisms, and for different field mediators. At difference with traditional fluid approximations — also known as a c
eff-c
vis parametrizations — our approach follows the evolution of phase-space perturbations under elastic DM interactions for a wide range of interaction models, including the effects of late kinetic decoupling. Finally, we analyze the imprints left by different self interacting models on linear structure formation, which can be constrained using Lyman-α forest and satellite counts. We find new lower bounds on the particle mass that are less restrictive than previous constraints.
Relevance of VHE blazar spectra models with axion-like particles
Authors: Li Hai-Jun
Published: February 2022

The oscillation of photons and axion-like particles (ALPs)
in the astrophysical magnetic fields could modify the measured very
high energy (VHE; ℰ ≳ 100 GeV) γ-ray
spectra of the blazar sources. In this paper, we use the VHE
γ-ray observations of the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421)
measured by MAGIC and Fermi-LAT in 2017 with four phases to
constrain the ALP. We give the spectral energy distributions (SEDs)
of these phases under the null and ALP hypotheses. We also test the
effects of the γ-ray blazar intrinsic spectra models on the
ALP constraints. No significant relationship is confirmed between
the ALP constraints and the model selections. The 95% C.L.
combined constraints set by the single-model and multi-model
scenarios on the ALP parameter space are roughly at the photon-ALP
coupling gaγ ≳ 3 × 10-11 GeV-1 for
the ALP mass 1 × 10-8 eV ≲ m
a ≲ 2 × 10-7 eV.
Focus shaping by tightly focusing locally linear polarized vortex beams with Pancharatnam–Berry tailored
Authors: Zhang Hongshun , Qin Yali , Ren Hongliang , Zheng Huan , Xu Menghua
Published: February 2022

Based on vector diffraction theory, we demonstrated that the three-dimensional spatial separation of the two foci can be achieved by modulating the polarization distribution of the input vector light field. The Pancharatnam–Berry tailored vector light field combined with a vortex phase can realize both foci possess vortices of arbitrary topological charges. The simulation results show that the tightly focused vector vortex beam can generate two vortices with independent topological charges, and the spatial distance between the two vortex foci can be adjusted. Moreover, the focal field distribution with optical cage or flat-topped profile can be easily obtained by appropriately choosing the polarized structure and vortex phase of the input beams. We generate a perfect optical cage that is almost surrounded by uniform light intensity. The flat-topped focus can be formed by focusing of a single vortex, as well as the superposition focusing of the two vortices. These engineered focus profiles may find potential applications in optical imaging, laser micromachining, particle trapping and manipulations.
Landau quantization and spin polarization of cold magnetized quark matter *
Authors: Lu Zhen-Yan , Xu Jian-Feng , Wen Xin-Jian , Peng Guang-Xiong , Ruggieri Marco
Published: February 2022

The magnetic field and density behaviors of various thermodynamic quantities of strange quark matter under compact star conditions are investigated in the framework of the thermodynamically self-consistent quasiparticle model. For individual species, a larger number density

leads to a larger magnetic field strength threshold that aligns all particles parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field. Accordingly, in contrast to the finite baryon density effect which reduces the spin polarization of magnetized strange quark matter, the magnetic field effect leads to an enhancement of it. We also compute the sound velocity as a function of the baryon density and find the sound velocity shows an obvious oscillation with increasing density. Except for the oscillation, the sound velocity grows with increasing density, similar to the zero-magnetic field case, and approaches the conformal limit

at high densities from below.
Strategies for advanced particulate bone substitutes regulating the osteo-immune microenvironment
Authors: Yang Yang , Chu Chenyu , Xiao Wenlan , Liu Li , Man Yi , Lin Jie , Qu Yili
Published: February 2022

The usage of bone substitute granule materials has improved the clinical results of alveolar bone deficiencies treatment and thus broadened applications in implant dentistry. However, because of the complicated mechanisms controlling the foreign body response, no perfect solution can avoid the fibrotic encapsulation of materials till now, which may impair the results of bone regeneration, even cause the implant materials rejection. Recently, the concept of ‘osteoimmunology’ has been stressed. The outcomes of bone regeneration are proved to be related to the bio-physicochemical properties of biomaterials, which allow them to regulate the biological behaviours of both innate and adaptive immune cells. With the development of single cell transcriptome, the truly heterogeneity of osteo-immune cells has been clarifying, which is helpful to overcome the limitations of traditional M1/M2 macrophage nomenclature and drive the advancements of particulate biomaterials applications. This review aims at introducing the mechanisms of optimal osseointegration regulated by immune systems and provides feasible strategies for the design of next generation ‘osteoimmune-smart’ particulate bone substitute materials in dental clinic.