bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations
Authors: Thomas Cristina , Castillo Valladares Herbert , Berger Timothy G. , Chang Aileen Y.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Scabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations are caused by organisms that live on or in the skin, on clothing, or in the environment and commonly cause pruritus and rash. In 2021, approximately 622 million incident cases of scabies occurred globally. Data on bedbug infestations are limited. Body lice prevalence ranges from 4.1% to 35% among persons experiencing homelessness worldwide.

Observations

Scabies is caused by mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrow into the epidermis. Transmission primarily occurs from prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an individual who has an infestation. Common scabies is characterized by excoriated pruritic papules, plaques, and pathognomonic burrows on finger/toe web spaces, volar wrists, ankles, axillae, buttocks, male genitalia, and areolae. Permethrin cream and oral ivermectin are first-line treatments for adults, with similar clearance rates by week 2 (74% with permethrin vs 68% with ivermectin; relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76-1.08). Treatment failure can occur with oral ivermectin (11.8%; 95% CI, 8.4%-15.4%) and topical permethrin (10.8%; 95% CI, 7.5%-14.5%). Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus) are insects that live on mattresses and furniture and feed on blood nocturnally, causing linear pruritic erythematous papules. New skin lesions on waking, cohabitants with similar symptoms, and recently residing in a high-occupancy setting should raise suspicion. Treatment requires eradication with pest management. Body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) are insects found on clothing that travel to the skin for blood meals. Body lice bites cause pruritic excoriated macules/papules and hyperpigmentation in areas where clothing seams contact skin. Treatment and prevention require at least once-weekly bathing and laundering of clothing and bedding.

Conclusions and Relevance

Scabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations are common. Accurate diagnosis requires taking a history, including social drivers of health (eg, housing status, living environment), and physical examination. First-line treatments include scabicides for patients with common scabies and their close contacts. Scabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations should be treated with decontamination measures.
Machine Learning to Enhance Electronic Detection of Diagnostic Errors
Authors: Zimolzak Andrew J. , Wei Li , Mir Usman , Gupta Ashish , Vaghani Viralkumar , Subramanian Devika , Singh Hardeep
Published: September 2024

This cohort study examines whether machine learning (ML) can enhance the ability of electronic triggers to identify possible missed opportunities in diagnosis.
Parental Engagement With Children Around Firearms and Unsecure Storage
Authors: Paruk Jennifer , Anestis Michael D. , Semenza Daniel C.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between parents’ engagement with their children regarding responsible and safe firearm use and the security of firearm storage in their homes.
Research on the design process of Shizuoka Shinbun Takamatsu Apartment
Authors: Toyokawa Saikaku
Published: September 2024

Takamatsu House for the newspaper Shizuoka Shimbun was to be a corporate residence consisting of family and single apartments. The premises are a stone's throw from Totoiseki. The planning for the project took place between 1955 and 1956. The Tange Laboratory was in charge of the design. However, the project was never realized due to the inability to resolve technical issues. This study will clarify the design process for Takamatsu House at that time, and while doing so, we will consider the influence of the public housing standard design, the relationship with the 1960 plan for Tokyo.
Bio‐Inspired Hybrid Laser Direct Writing of Interfacial Adhesion for Universal Functional Coatings
Authors: Cai Zimo , Miao Chuyang , Zhang Chonghao , Luo Huayu , Wu Jiangen , Zhao Tianzhen , Yang Huan , Fan Lisha , Yang Geng , Ouyang Xiaoping , Yang Huayong , Yao Jianhua , Xu Kaichen
Published: September 2024

Enhancing interfacial adhesion between functional coatings and target surfaces facilitates long‐term stable service by mitigating interferences of mechanical mismatches. Design of mechanical interlocks affords an effective strategy to strengthen the interfacial bonding with durability and compatibility, but the in‐depth investigations are still lacked. Herein, a gecko‐inspired hierarchical strategy realized by hybrid laser direct writing is proposed, which incorporates an armored frame scale for surface protection and a riveted anchor scale for interlocks. Such dual‐scale configurations endow the functional coatings with the stronger adhesion to the targets than the pristine and mono‐scale cases, resulting in 2 orders of magnitude enhancement resistant to tape peeling tests. Utilizing this scheme, a laser‐induced integrated deicing system is in situ manufactured on thermoplastics, primarily comprising superhydrophobic structures, carbon‐based sensors as well as adhesive copper (Cu) interconnects and heaters, where Cu‐based devices exhibit superior resistance to water impacts and stress fatigue. Interfacing with signal processing modules, such an all‐in‐one system demonstrates real‐time temperature monitoring and high efficiency in deicing (4.24 folds faster than the control group). The facile route for intensified adhesion holds promise in the interfaces within advanced equipment and under harsh scenarios.
Upcycling of Waste Materials for the Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self‐Powered Applications
Authors: Basith Sayyid Abdul , Khandelwal Gaurav , Mulvihill Daniel M. , Chandrasekhar Arunkumar
Published: September 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold immense potential as sustainable energy sources, with waste materials serving as promising materials for their fabrication. Nearly 270 million tons of waste is produced yearly, most of which remains unrecycled. TENGs can utilize this wide range of waste to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy while providing a solution for the global issue of plastic waste. On the other hand, the enormous demand for wearable electronics and the Internet of Things (IoT) trigger the development of self‐reliant energy sources. Currently, TENGs are one of the preferred choices as they are easy to design and generate high output. In this regard, TENGs are promising for utilizing waste materials, particularly for self‐powered or energy‐autonomous applications. This review focuses on utilizing waste materials from diverse sources, including biowaste, household waste, medical, laboratory, pharmaceutical, textile, electronic waste (e‐waste), and automotive waste for TENG development. Different waste materials are detailed for their potential as materials for TENGs, their availability, and recycling methods. The review also highlights the applications of TENGs fabricated from waste materials. Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of using waste materials for TENG fabrication are discussed to motivate further advances.
Improved Stability of Single‐Crystal LiCoO2 Cathodes at 4.8 V through Solvation Structure Regulation
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Wang Jing , Sun Xinyi , Sheng Chuanchao , Cheng Maozeng , Liu Hang , Wang Yiting , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping
Published: September 2024

Increasing the charging cut‐off voltage can significantly improve the capacity of LiCoO2 cathode. However, when the cut‐off voltage exceeds 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+), LiCoO2 undergoes irreversible phase transitions, leading to particle cracking and structural failure. Additionally, the decomposition of the electrolyte compromises the stability of the cathode/electrolyte interface, resulting in diminished battery capacity. Herein, the elements Al, Mg, and Zr are doped into single‐crystal LiCoO2 to enhance the structural stability of LiCoO2. Moreover, a 3 Å zeolite film is used to regulate the solvation structure to enhance the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte. This design enables a more stable cathode/electrolyte interface during high‐voltage cycling. At a cut‐off voltage of 4.8 V, the Li||LiCoO2 battery exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 236.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and maintains 86.6% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C. The pouch full cell, which utilizes a graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode, operating within a charge–discharge range of 2.8–4.65 V, achieves a specific energy of 276 Wh kg−1 with 81% capacity retention after 200 cycles. This work introduces a desolvated electrolyte into the LiCoO2 battery system, providing a professional approach to addressing the challenges of high‐voltage LiCoO2.
Efficient Broadband Near‐Infrared Emitters in Lead‐Free Metal Halides with Record Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Under Blue Light Excitation
Authors: Peng Hui , Yu Shuiyue , Wei Qilin , Kong Linghang , Du Zhentao , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: September 2024

Realizing ultra‐efficient broadband near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence, especially under blue light excitation, remains an enormous challenge in lead‐free metal halides. Herein, the efficient NIR emission under blue light excitation is achieved in Sb3+‐doped 0D (ETPP)2ZnCl4xBr4‐4x (x = 0–1) (ETPP+ = (Ethyl)triphenylphosphonium) through coordination structure modulation and halogen substitution. Compared with the visible light emission of Sb(III)‐based compounds, the emission in Sb3+‐doped (ETPP)2ZnCl4xBr4‐4x shifts to the NIR region due to the large excited state lattice distortion. Parallelly, the excitation bands gradually shift from 376 to 450 nm as Br gradually replaces Cl, and the emission bands can further shift from 702 to 763 nm. Thus, the broadband NIR emission at 763 nm with a record luminous efficiency of 55.4% under 450 nm excitation can be achieved in Sb3+‐doped compounds. Moreover, the large‐scale synthesis technique of Sb3+‐doped (ETPP)2ZnBr4: NIR phosphors at room temperature is further developed and this compound exhibits impressive thermal and chemical‐stabilities. Finally, a high‐performance NIR light‐emitting‐diode is fabricated by combining a commercial blue chip and (ETPP)2ZnBr4:10%Sb3+ phosphors, which shows the most advanced photoelectric efficiency (17.8%) and output power (67.7 mW) in lead‐free metal halides. Thus, the as‐fabricated device is further demonstrated in the applications of night vision and biomedical imaging.
Energetic Calcium Phosphate Nanominerals for Osteoporosis Treatment
Authors: Cheng Xitong , Li Yizheng , Chui Xiaoxue , Xin Zhonghua , Ma Zihan , Mei Pengxin , Liu Chengde , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao
Published: September 2024

Energy metabolism disorders leading to tissue destruction are major causes of osteoporosis. While efficacious, bone repair strategies that modulate energy metabolism pose considerable challenges. Herein, an energetic calcium phosphate nanominerals (ECPN) is developed using polyphosphate as an energy source for osteoporosis treatment. ECPN promotes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the physiological environment, providing energy to attain metabolic homeostasis. It significantly enhances rBMSCs’ autophagy capacity by activating the AMPK‐related pathway, promoting osteogenic differentiation, and rebuilding the bone regeneration microenvironment. ECPN's unique nanostructure can fully mineralize collagen fibers, enhancing the bone matrix's mechanical properties. In vivo, ECPN rapidly infiltrates osteoporotic bones, fills defects, mineralizes the matrix, and promotes new‐bone formation. The repaired bone exhibits mechanical properties comparable to those of normal bones. ECPN balances the time‐sensitive need for immediate bone matrix mineralization and long‐term construction of an osteogenic microenvironment during osteoporosis treatment. The potential of this metabolic fuel for generating functional nanomaterials for tissue engineering has been underestimated in the past. The concept of an energetic nanomineral for tissue regeneration may elicit new trends in tissue engineering.
Atomic Artificial Enzyme for Acute and Chronic Pneumonia
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Di , Cui Tianyi , Wang Yili , Zhou Sufei , Tian Fangzhen , Yang Ke , Wang Wei , Bi Lewei , Fan Kelong , Li Lan , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Dong
Published: September 2024

Pneumonia involves complex immunological and pathological processes leading to pulmonary dysfunction, which can be life‐threatening yet lacks effective specialized medications. Natural enzymes can be used as biological agents for the treatment of oxidative stress‐related diseases, but limiting to catalytic and environmental stability as well as high cost. Herein, an artificial enzyme, gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with excellent stability, bioactivity, and renal clearance can be used as the next‐generation biological agents for acute lung injury (ALI) and allergic lung disease (ALD). The Au25 clusters can mimic catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the Km of Au24Er1 with H2O2 reaches 1.28 mM, about 22 times higher than natural CAT (≈28.8 mM). The clusters inhibit the oxidative stress in the mitochondria and promote the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The molecular mechanism shows that the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway and M1 macrophage‐mediated inflammatory response are suppressed in ALI and the Th1/Th2 imbalance in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced ALD is rescued. Further, the clusters can notably improve lung function in both ALI and ALD models which paves the way for immunomodulation and intervention for lung injury and can be used as a substitute for natural enzymes and potential biopharmaceuticals in the treatment of various types of pneumonia.
Decoupled High‐Mobility Graphene on Cu(111)/Sapphire via Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Gebeyehu Zewdu M. , Mišeikis Vaidotas , Forti Stiven , Rossi Antonio , Mishra Neeraj , Boschi Alex , Ivanov Yurii P. , Martini Leonardo , Ochapski Michal W. , Piccinini Giulia , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Divitini Giorgio , Beltram Fabio , Pezzini Sergio , Coletti Camilla
Published: September 2024

The growth of high‐quality graphene on flat and rigid templates, such as metal thin films on insulating wafers, is regarded as a key enabler for technologies based on 2D materials. In this work, the growth of decoupled graphene is introduced via non‐reducing low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on crystalline Cu(111) films deposited on sapphire. The resulting film is atomically flat, with no detectable cracks or ripples, and lies atop of a thin Cu2O layer, as confirmed by microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy analyses. Post‐growth treatment of the partially decoupled graphene enables full and uniform oxidation of the interface, greatly simplifying subsequent transfer processes, particularly dry‐pick up — a task that proves challenging when dealing with graphene directly synthesized on metallic Cu(111). Electrical transport measurements reveal high carrier mobility at room temperature, exceeding 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 on SiO2/Si and 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 upon encapsulation in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The demonstrated growth approach yields exceptional material quality, in line with micro‐mechanically exfoliated graphene flakes, and thus paves the way toward large‐scale production of pristine graphene suitable for high‐performance next‐generation applications.
Synergistic Performance of Thermoelectric and Mechanical in Nanotwinned High‐Entropy Semiconductors AgMnGePbSbTe5
Authors: Ma Zheng , Luo Yubo , Dong Jinfeng , Liu Yukun , Zhang Dan , Li Wang , Li Chengjun , Wei Yingchao , Jiang Qinghui , Li Xin , Yin Huabing , Dravid Vinayak P. , Zhang Qiang , Chen Shaoping , Yan Qingyu , Yang Junyou , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: September 2024

Introducing nanotwins in thermoelectric materials represents a promising approach to achieving such a synergistic combination of thermoelectric properties and mechanical properties. By increasing configurational entropy, a sharply reduced stacking fault energy in a new nanotwinned high‐entropy semiconductor AgMnGePbSbTe5 is reached. Dense coherent nanotwin boundaries in this system provide an efficient phonon scattering barrier, leading to a high figure of merit ZT of ≈2.46 at 750 K and a high average ZT of ≈1.54 (300—823 K) with the presence of Ag2Te nanoprecipitate in the sample. More importantly, owing to the dislocation pinning caused by coherent nanotwin boundaries and the chemical short‐range disorder caused by the high configurational entropy effect, AgMnGePbSbTe5 also exhibits robust mechanical properties, with flexural strength of 82 MPa and Vickers hardness of 210 HV.
Customized Corneal Cross‐Linking with Microneedle‐Mediated Riboflavin Delivery for Keratoconus Treatment
Authors: Yang Mei , Pan Hongxian , Chen Tingting , Chen Xin , Ning Rui , Ye Qianfang , Chen Aodong , Li Jiawei , Li Siheng , Zhao Nan , Wu Yue , Fu Xueyu , Meek Keith M. , Chen Lingxin , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Zhongxing , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai
Published: September 2024

In this study, a novel customized corneal cross‐linking (CXL) treatment is explored that utilizes microneedles (MNs) for targeted riboflavin (RF) administration prior to the CXL procedure. Unlike the conventional “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach, this protocol offers an option for more precise and efficacious treatment. To simulate a customized corneal crosslinking technique, four distinct microneedle (MN) molds designs, including circular, semi‐circular, annular and butterfly shaped, are crafted for loading an optimized RF‐hyaluronic acid solution and for the subsequent fabrication of MN arrays with varying morphologies. These MNs can gently puncture the corneal epithelium while preserving the integrity of the underlying stromal layer. Following the application of these microneedles, RF solution is replenished to enhance the RF content within the stroma through the punctures created by the MNs, resulting in exceptional customized corneal cross‐linking effects that are comparable to the conventional epi‐off CXL protocol. Additionally, it flattened the corneal curvature within the treated zone and facilitated rapid postoperative recovery of corneal tissue. These findings suggest that the integration of customized microneedle RF delivery with corneal crosslinking technology represents a potential novel treatment modality, holding promise for the tailored treatment of corneal pathologies, and offering a more precise and efficient alternative to traditional methods.
Heterogeneous NASICON‐Type Cathode With Reversible Multielectron Reaction for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xiang Shuang , Wang Miaomiao , Sun Dan , Huang Xiaobing , Li Yixin , Tang Yougen , Peng Zhiguang , Zhang Qi , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2024

Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured compounds demonstrate great application potential by their robust framework and compositional diversity. However, they are blamed for the mediocre energy density, and achieving both multielectron reaction and good cycling stability simultaneously is challenging. Herein, a novel heterogeneous Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/Na2VTi(PO4)3 (NFPP/NVTP) material with stable multielectron reaction is constructed by spray drying technology. The mutual promotion effect of intergrowth structures effectively improves the purity and the crystallization of NFPP/NVTP during the fabrication process, which is beneficial to the high capacity and cycling stability. As a result, the optimized NFPP/NVTP demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 155.3 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and outstanding cycling stability with 82.9% capacity retention over 2500 cycles at 1 A g−1, which are much superior to those of NFPP and NVTP individually. Even in full cell configuration, the energy density remains high at ≈380 Wh kg−1 based on the cathode mass. The high capacity of NFPP/NVTP is also attributed to the successive reduction/oxidation mechanism involving the introduction of Ti3+ and interfacial charge redistribution effect between the heterogeneous phases, which greatly improve the electronic and ionic conductivity. Moreover, high reversible structural evolution during the multisodium storage process further guarantees excellent cycling stability.
Advances in Functional Organosulfur‐Based Mediators for Regulating Performance of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Zhang Junhao , Fan Siying , Xi Baojuan , Gao Zhiyuan , Guo Xingmei , Duan Zhongyao , Zheng Xiangjun , Liu Yuanjun , Xiong Shenglin
Published: September 2024

Rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density. However, their practical applications are hindered by lithium dendrite growth and various intricate issues associated with the cathodes. These challenges can be mitigated by using organosulfur‐based mediators (OSMs), which offer the advantages of abundance, tailorable structures, and unique functional adaptability. These features enable the rational design of targeted functionalities, enhance the interfacial stability of the lithium anode and cathode, and accelerate the redox kinetics of electrodes via alternative reaction pathways, thereby effectively improving the performance of LMBs. Unlike the extensively explored field of organosulfur cathode materials, OSMs have garnered little attention. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in OSMs for various LMB systems, including lithium–sulfur, lithium–selenium, lithium–oxygen, lithium‐intercalation cathode batteries, and other LMB systems. It briefly elucidates the operating principles of these LMB systems, the regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding OSMs, and the fundamentals of OSMs activity. Ultimately, strategic optimizations are proposed for designing novel OSMs, advanced mechanism investigation, expanded applications, and the development of safe battery systems, thereby providing directions to narrow the gap between rational modulation of organosulfur compounds and their practical implementation in batteries.
A Nucleophilicity‐Engineered DNA Ligation Blockade Nanoradiosensitizer Induces Irreversible DNA Damage to Overcome Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Yang Hongli , Lin Peihua , Zhang Bo , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun
Published: September 2024

During fractionated radiotherapy, DNA damage repair intensifies in tumor cells, culminating in cancer radioresistance and subsequent radiotherapy failure. Despite the recent development of nanoradiosensitizers targeting specific DNA damage repair pathways, the persistence of repair mechanisms involving multiple pathways remains inevitable. To address this challenge, a nucleophilicity‐engineered DNA ligation blockade nanoradiosensitizer (DLBN) comprising Au/CeO2 heteronanostructure modified with trans‐acting activator of transcription peptides is reported, which targets and inhibits the DNA ligation inside cancer cell nuclei via heterointerface‐mediated dephosphorylation of DNA, a crucial step in overcoming cancer radioresistance. First, the Schottky‐type heteronanostructure of cancer cell nucleus‐targeting DLBN effectively intensifies radiation‐induced DNA damage via catalase‐mimetic activity and radiation‐triggered catalytic reactions. Notably, by leveraging Au/CeO2 heterointerface, DLBN spontaneously dissociates H2O to hydroxide, a nucleophile with higher nucleophilicity, thereby exhibiting remarkable dephosphorylation capability at DNA nicks through facilitated nucleophilic attack. This enables the blockade of DNA ligation, a pivotal step in all DNA damage repair pathways, effectively interrupting the repair process. Consequently, DLBN resensitizes radioresistant cells by overcoming therapy‐induced radioresistance, leading to a substantial accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. These findings offer insight into the dephosphorylation of DNA within nuclei, and underscore the potential of heteronanostructure‐based nanoradiosensitizer to block DNA ligation against therapy‐induced radioresistance.
A Study of Degenerate Four‐Wave Mixing and Phase Conjugation in Metallic Nanohybrids
Authors: Singh Mahi R. , Meng Qingzhou , Jiang Xintong
Published: September 2024

A theory of degenerate four‐wave mixing (DFWM) and phase conjugation is developed for metallic nanohybrids, which consist of an ensemble of interacting metallic nanoshells and noninteracting quantum dots (QDs). It is considered that three incident waves are applied to the metallic nanohybrid, and they produce a fourth output mixed wave. These waves induce dipoles in metallic nanoshells, generating surface plasmon polaritons, and interact with each other via the dipole–dipole interactions (DDI). In DFWM, the input and output waves travel in opposite directions, and this retroreflective nature is responsible for the phenomenon of phase conjugation. The analytical expressions for the input transmitted and output reflected wave intensities are calculated in the presence of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the DDI polaritons. It is demonstrated that the phase conjugation, the phase coherent phenomena, and the intensities of both input transmitted and output reflected waves are enhanced due to SPPs and DDI polaritons. These findings indicate that the nanohybrid acts as a phase conjugate device and a phase coherent optical amplifier, which can be applied to fabricate optical nanoamplifiers, phase conjugate mirrors, and nanosensors by measuring the intensity of the output reflected wave.
Fluorescence Light‐Up Electrospun Membrane Incorporated with PbBr2 as a Highly Selective Fluorescence Probe for the Detection of Cs+
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Yaxin , Zhao Xinyu , Yang Yaocheng , Wang Xin , He Dongqing , Li Lu , Tang Dongyan , Ye Tengling
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel fluorescent light‐up electrospun membrane, integrating PbBr2, which serves as an exceptionally selective probe for the detection of cesium ions (Cs+). Leveraging the superior optical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), the researchers employ electrospinning technology to fabricate a test strip, namely PbBr2@polyacrylonitrile (PbBr2@PAN) nanofiber membranes, capable of swiftly detecting Cs+ in water merely by observing changes in the nanocrystals' luminescence with the naked eye. By the introduction of NH4+‐modified montmorillonite (NH4+‐MMT), PbBr2‐MT@PAN nanofiber membranes is obtained. The selectivity and sensitivity to Cs+ can be further improved because NH4+‐MMT endows PbBr2‐MT@PAN nanofiber membranes with the hydrophilic property and selective adsorption toward Cs+ ions. The membrane's fabrication is simple, scalable, and cost‐effective, with high cesium selectivity and sensitivity down to 44 ppb. This innovation enables efficient, on‐site cesium monitoring critical for environmental safety and nuclear waste management.
Non‐Monotonic Variation of the Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity with Temperature in Penta‐HgO2 Sheet
Authors: Hussain Asghar , Zhang Chenxin , Hou Changsheng , Wang Qian
Published: September 2024

Inspired by the experimental synthesis of bulk HgO2 with the potential of exfoliation to form a penta‐HgO2 sheet composed entirely of pentagonal motifs, a detailed theoretical study on the lattice thermal conductivity by using first‐principles calculations combined with the unified theory of thermal transport is performed. It is found that the penta‐HgO2 sheet is semiconducting with an indirect bandgap of 1.18 eV and possesses a low lattice thermal conductivity of 2.07 W m−1 K−1 (3.28 W m−1 K−1) along the x (y)‐direction at 300 K. More interestingly, the variation of its thermal conductivity with temperature is non‐monotonic, different from most cases. The phonon dispersion, phonon scattering, and phonon coherence is further systematically investigated to understand the underlying physics. This results suggest that the strong intrinsic anharmonicity resulting from its unique atomic configuration with the buckled structure and the heavy element of Hg leads to a high scattering rate, resulting in the ultralow particle‐like thermal transport of 0.20 W m−1 K−1 (0.01 W m−1 K−1) in the x (y)‐direction, while the narrow average frequency interval and strong phonon linewidth are responsible for the dominant coherent thermal transport and non‐monotonic variation of the low lattice thermal conductivity of the penta‐HgO2 sheet.
Continuous Oral Administration of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Activates Intestinal Immunity and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Gu Wu , Zhang Huiwen , Zhang Zhichun , Xu Mingkai , Li Xiang , Han Zhiyang , Fu Xuanhe , Li Xu , Wang Xiujuan , Zhang Chenggang
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 (SEC2), a classical superantigen, is an antitumor immunotherapy agent. However, the injectable formulation of SEC2 limits its clinical application. Here, it is reported that oral administration of SEC2 activates the intestinal immune system and benefits intestinal health in a mouse model. These results indicate that intact SEC2 is detected in the stomach, intestine, and serum after oral administration. Continuous oral administration of SEC2 activates immune cells in gut‐associated lymphoid tissues, promoting extensive differentiation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells, leading to increased production of cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A. SEC2 also enhances intestinal barrier function, as demonstrated by an increased villus length/crypt depth ratio and elevated expression of mucins and tight junction proteins. Additionally, SEC2 indirectly influenced gut microbiota, reinforcing potential probiotics and short‐chain fatty acid synthesis. Enhanced differentiation of T and B cells in the spleen, coupled with elevated serum interleukin‐2 levels, suggests systemic immune enhancement following oral administration of SEC2. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of SEC2 as an oral immunostimulant for immune enhancement and anti‐tumor immunotherapy.
Biowaste‐Derived Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Emerging Bioelectronics
Authors: Bhaduri Abhisikta , Ha Tae‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) combine contact electrification and electrostatic induction effects to convert waste mechanical energy into electrical energy. As conventional devices contribute to electronic waste, TENGs based on ecofriendly and biocompatible materials have been developed for various energy applications. Owing to the abundance, accessibility, low cost, and biodegradability of biowaste (BW), recycling these materials has gained considerable attention as a green approach for fabricating TENGs. This review provides a detailed overview of BW materials, processing techniques for BW‐based TENGs (BW‐TENGs), and potential applications of BW‐TENGs in emerging bioelectronics. In particular, recent progress in material design, fabrication methods, and biomechanical and environmental energy‐harvesting performance is discussed. This review is aimed at promoting the continued development of BW‐TENGs and their adoption for sustainable energy‐harvesting applications in the field of bioelectronics.
Alkali Metals Activated High Entropy Double Perovskites for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Ning , Lai Zhuangzhuang , Ding Wenbo , Li Wenbo , Wang Tianyi , Zheng Zhichuan , Zhang Bowen , Dong Xiangjiang , Wei Peng , Du Peng , Hu Zhiwei , Pao Chih‐Wen , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Wang Haifeng , Lei Ming , Huang Kai , Yu Runze
Published: September 2024

An efficient and facile water dissociation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the activity of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Considering the intricate influence between interfacial water and intermediates in typical catalytic systems, meticulously engineered catalysts should be developed by modulating electron configurations and optimizing surface chemical bonds. Here, a high‐entropy double perovskite (HEDP) electrocatalyst La2(Co1/6Ni1/6Mg1/6Zn1/6Na1/6Li1/6)RuO6, achieving a reduced overpotential of 40.7 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and maintaining exemplary stability over 82 h in a 1 m KOH electrolyte is reported. Advanced spectral characterization and first‐principles calculations elucidate the electron transfer from Ru to Co and Ni positions, facilitated by alkali metal‐induced super‐exchange interaction in high‐entropy crystals. This significantly optimizes hydrogen adsorption energy and lowers the water decomposition barrier. Concurrently, the super‐exchange interaction enhances orbital hybridization and narrows the bandgap, thus improving catalytic efficiency and adsorption capacity while mitigating hysteresis‐driven proton transfer. The high‐entropy framework also ensures structural stability and longevity in alkaline environments. The work provides further insights into the formation mechanisms of HEDP and offers guidelines for discovering advanced, efficient hydrogen evolution catalysts through super‐exchange interaction.
High‐Entropy Materials for Prospective Biomedical Applications: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chang Ling , Jing Haochuan , Liu Chao , Qiu Chuantian , Ling Xiang
Published: September 2024

With their unique structural characteristics, customizable chemical composition, and adjustable functional characteristics, high‐entropy materials (HEMs) have triggered a wide range of interdisciplinary research, especially in the biomedical field. In this paper, the basic concept, core properties, and preparation methods of HEMs are first summarized, and then the application and development of HEMs in the field of biomedical are briefly described. Subsequently, based on the diverse and comprehensive properties of HEMs and a few reported cases, the possible application scenarios of HEMs in biological fields such as biosensors, antibacterial materials, therapeutics, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are prospectively predicted and discussed. Finally, their potential advantages and major challenges is summarized, which may provide useful guidance and principles for researchers to develop and optimize novel HEMs.
Semantic–Electromagnetic Inversion With Pretrained Multimodal Generative Model
Authors: Chen Yanjin , Zhang Hongrui , Ma Jie , Cui Tie Jun , del Hougne Philipp , Li Lianlin
Published: September 2024

Across diverse domains of science and technology, electromagnetic (EM) inversion problems benefit from the ability to account for multimodal prior information to regularize their inherent ill‐posedness. Indeed, besides priors that are formulated mathematically or learned from quantitative data, valuable prior information may be available in the form of text or images. Besides handling semantic multimodality, it is furthermore important to minimize the cost of adapting to a new physical measurement operator and to limit the requirements for costly labeled data. Here, these challenges are tackled with a frugal and multimodal semantic–EM inversion technique. The key ingredient is a multimodal generator of reconstruction results that can be pretrained, being agnostic to the physical measurement operator. The generator is fed by a multimodal foundation model encoding the multimodal semantic prior and a physical adapter encoding the measured data. For a new physical setting, only the lightweight physical adapter is retrained. The authors’ architecture also enables a flexible iterative step‐by‐step solution to the inverse problem where each step can be semantically controlled. The feasibility and benefits of this methodology are demonstrated for three EM inverse problems: a canonical two‐dimensional inverse‐scattering problem in numerics, as well as three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional compressive microwave meta‐imaging experiments.
Endocytosis‐Inspired Zwitterionic Gel Tape for High‐Efficient and Sustainable Underoil Adhesion
Authors: Tang Yueman , Si Mengjie , Wang Yan‐jie , Zhou Jiahui , Deng Yuming , Xia Kaishun , Jiang Zhen , Zhang Dong , Zheng Si Yu , Yang Jintao
Published: September 2024

Marine oil exploration is important yet greatly increases the risk of oil leakage, which will result in severe environment pollution and economic losses. It is an urgent need to develop effective underoil adhesives. However, realizing underoil adhesion is even harder than those underwater, due to the stubborn attachment of a highly viscous oil layer on target surface. Here, inspired by endocytosis, a tough gel tape composed of zwitterionic polymer network and zwitterionic surfactants is developed. The amphiphilic surfactants can form micelle to capture the oil droplets and transport them from the interface to gel via electrostatic attraction of polymer backbone, mimicking the endocytosis and achieving robust underoil adhesion. Benefiting from the oil‐resistance of polymer backbone, the gel further realizes a combination of i) long‐term adhesion with high durability, ii) repeated adhesion in oil, and iii) renewable adhesion efficiency after exhausted use. The tape exhibits an ultra‐high adhesive toughness of 2446.86 J m−2 to stainless steel in silicone oil after 30 days' oil‐exposure; such value of adhesive toughness surpasses many of those achieved in underwater adhesion and is greater than underoil adhesion performance of commercial tape. The strategy illustrated here will motivate the design of sustainable and efficient adhesives for wet environments.
Chemical Looping Ammonia Decomposition Mediated by Alkali Metal and Amide Pairs for H2 Production and Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Feng Sheng , Gao Wenbo , Wang Runze , Guan Yeqin , Wu Han , Wang Qianru , Cao Hujun , Liu Lin , Guo Jianping , Chen Ping
Published: September 2024

Ammonia decomposition to H2 (ADH) is one of the key reactions in the ammonia‐based energy system. Recent research has been focused on developing more active and affordable catalysts, however, few can operate below 500 °C and typically require the expensive metal ruthenium. Herein, a fundamentally different thermal ADH via a chemical looping process (CLADH) mediated by alkali metal and its amide pairs, which can work under lower temperatures than the catalytic process, is reported. This CLADH consists of two steps: 1) Ammoniation step ̶ NH3 reacts with Na or K to generate NaNH2 or KNH2, respectively, accompanied by releasing one‐third of H2 in NH3 at room temperature; 2) Decomposition step ̶ NaNH2 or KNH2 decomposes to N2 and H2 with the regeneration of Na or K which can be performed above 275 °C. Additionally, due to the significant enthalpy change in the two‐step reactions of this CLADH, −78.0 kJ mol−1 for the first step and 123.9 kJ mol−1 for the second, using the Na and NaNH2 pair—suggest potential for thermal energy storage. This work not only reports an alternative route to produce H2 from NH3, but also unravels the potential of chemical looping process for thermal energy storage.
Selective Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enables Toward Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Cathode
Authors: Lv Xiao Wei , Lin Jiao , Zhang Xiao Dong , Huang Qing Rong , Sun Xuan , Fan Er Sha , Chen Ren Jie , Wu Feng , Li Li
Published: September 2024

Effective selective recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (S‐LIBs) and giving recycled products a “second life” are crucial for advancing energy supply circularity, environmental and economic sustainability development. However, separating metal compounds with similar charge differences requires substantial energy, water, and chemical inputs. Herein, an innovative strategy is present for selective recycling S‐LIBs by photoexcitation inspired by the Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) principle. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that photoexcitation drives charge transfer and modulates subtle charge density differences among metal components, thereby enhancing their solubility disparity and facilitating metal separation. Remarkably, the photoexcitation‐induced metal separation factor reaches 46900 and the metal recovery efficiency approaches 100%, representing a significant improvement over non‐photoexcitation separation with a separation factor of non‐photoexcitation of merely 2.7. Through techno‐economic analysis, the viability of photoexcitation selective recycling technology has been confirmed as an eco‐friendly and economical approach for battery recycling. Furthermore, high‐value reuse of recovered Mn components is implemented. The Recycled Mn components are treated by calcination to obtain porous, defect‐rich Mn2O3, which showed a specific capacity of 613 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). This work provides fresh insight into recycling S‐LIBs and moving toward more sustainable storage technologies.
TMSOTf‐Catalyzed Annulation of Ynamides with Alkynyl Sulfoxides to Construct Substituted Maleimides
Authors: Wang Nanfang , Fang Wozheng , Yan Yu , Sun Nan , Chang Junbiao , Wang Xiao‐Na
Published: September 2024

A TMSOTf‐catalyzed annulation was developed for the construction of polysubstituted maleimides from ynamides and alkynyl sulfoxides, using oxygen as a green oxidant and ynamides as both carbon and nitrogen sources. This novel protocol proceeds in the presence of TMSOTf without the need for an expensive catalytic system and tolerates a broad substrate scope, providing a variety of maleimides in generally moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions.
The intersectional effects of sex and socioeconomic status on risk of mortality in industrializing England
Authors: Yaussy Samantha L.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Intersectionality posits that multiple levels of marginalization interact to produce patterns of frailty and mortality, both today and in the past. To investigate how mortality during industrialization was selective with respect to sex and socioeconomic status (SES), this study analyzes data from four burial grounds dated to the 18th–19th centuries in England: St. Bride's Fleet Street, Coach Lane, St. Peter's Collegiate Church, and New Bunhill Fields.

Materials and Methods

St. Bride's was considered the high SES group, and Coach Lane, St. Peter's, and New Bunhill Fields were separately and collectively analyzed as the low SES groups. Sex (in individuals aged 18+ years) was modeled as a covariate affecting the Gompertz model of mortality, and SES (in individuals for whom age could be estimated) was modeled as a covariate affecting the Siler and Gompertz models of mortality.

Results

The results indicate that sex influenced risk of mortality among adults in the high SES group. High SES males faced lower risks of death compared to high SES females. The results also suggest that SES influenced risk of mortality across all ages. High SES individuals were at reduced risks of death compared to low SES individuals.

Conclusions

Increased mortality risks among individuals of low SES was likely due to the low standards of living common in the impoverished areas of cities in industrializing England. However, in accordance with intersectionality, the benefits of high status were unequally distributed among adults in the high SES group, suggesting that men were the primary beneficiaries of the protective aspects of high SES.
DNA‐Origami‐Vesikel‐Sensoren für gesteuerten Einzelmolekül‐Frachttransfer
Authors: Büber Ece , Yaadav Renukka , Schröder Tim , Franquelim Henri G. , Tinnefeld Philip
Published: September 2024

Voraussetzung für Interaktionen mit lebenden Organismen ist in der Regel der Zugang zur Lipidmembran eines zellulären Systems. Für einen Nanoroboter, der mit einer Zelle interagiert, ist es deshalb zunächst wichtig eine Bindung an die Lipidmembran zu erkennen. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit einen DNA‐Origami‐Biosensor vor, der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenz‐Resonanz‐Energie‐Transfer (smFRET) als Transduktionsmechanismus nutzt, um Lipidvesikel präzise zu erkennen und der in der Lage ist Biomoleküle zu bewegen. Das System basiert auf einzelsträngiger DNA (ssDNA), die aus einer DNA‐Origami‐Nanostruktur herausragt und mit dem hydrophoben Farbstoff ATTO647N modifiziert ist. In einer Umgebung ohne Vesikel rollt sich die ssDNA zusammen, was zu einer hohen FRET‐Effizienz führt. Die Bindung eines Vesikels an Cholesterinanker auf dem DNA‐Origami bewirkt, dass durch das hydrophobe ATTO647N die ssDNA in Richtung der Lipiddoppelschicht verdrängt wird und sich dabei ausdehnt. Die größere Distanz zum FRET‐Donor im Origami resultiert in geringerer FRET‐Effizienz. Der Sensorstrang dient außerdem als molekulare Fracht, die durch eine ausgelöste Strangverschiebungsreaktion auf das Vesikel übertragen werden kann. Je nachdem, mit wie vielen Cholesterin‐Molekülen die Verdrängungsstränge funktionalisiert sind, wird die fluoreszierende Fracht entweder über Diffusion in benachbarte Vesikel übertragen oder eine stöchiometrische Anzahl an einzelnen Frachtgütern in das Vesikel auf dem Nanosensor übertragen. Unsere multifunktionale Plattform für Liposom‐Interaktion und Detektion eröffnet somit neue Möglichkeiten für innovative Anwendungen von Biosensoren und die gezielte, stöchiometrische Beladung von Vesikeln mit Einzelmolekülkontrolle.
Anion Chemistry towards On‐Site Construction of Solid‐Electrolyte Interface for Highly Stable Metallic Zn Anode
Authors: Yao Hong , Li Yuhang , Chen Zibo , Chen Jianyu , Du Cheng‐Feng , Chen Yingqian , Chen Junze , Wong Ming Wah , Zhao Jin , Yuan Du
Published: September 2024

Reversibility of metallic Zn anode serves as the corner stone for the development of aqueous Zn metal battery, which motivates scrutinizing the electrolyte‐Zn interface. As the representative organic zinc salt, zinc trifluorosulfonate (Zn(OTf)2) facilitates a broad class of aqueous electrolytes, however, the stability issue of Zn anode remains crucial. The great challenge lies in the lack of Zn anode protection by the pristinely formed surface structure in aqueous Zn(OTf)2 electrolytes. Accordingly, an electrochemical route was developed to grow a uniform zinc trifluorosulfonate hydroxide (ZTH) layer on Zn anode as an artificial SEI, via regulation on metal dissolution and strong coordination ability of zinc ions. Co‐precipitation was proposed to be the formation mechanism for the artificial SEI, where the reduction stability of OTf− anion and the low‐symmetry layer structure of ZTH was unmasked. This artificial SEI favors interfacial kinetics, depresses side reactions, and well maintains its integrity during cycling, leading to a prolonged lifespan of Zn stripping/plating with a high DOD of ~85 %, and an improved cycling stability of ~92 % retention rate for V2O5/Zn cell at 1 A g−1. The unveiled role of anion on Zn anode drives the contemplation on the surface chemistry for the blooming aqueous rechargeable battery.
Carbonylation Reactions at Carbon‐Centered Radicals with an Adjacent Heteroatom
Authors: Wang Le‐Cheng , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: September 2024

Heteroatoms are essential to living organisms and present in almost all molecules with medicinal usage. The catalytic functionalization at the carbon‐centered radical with an adjacent heteroatom provides an effective way to value added moiety while retaining the unique physicochemical and pharmacological properties of heteroatoms, which can promote the development of pharmaceutical and fine chemical production. Carbonylative transformation was discovered nearly a century ago which is an efficient method for the synthesis of carbonyl‐containing molecules with potent applications in both industry and academia. Despite numerous advances in new reaction development, carbonylative transformation involving adjacent heteroatom carbon radical remain a subject that deserves to be discussed. In this minireview, we systematically summarized and discussed the recent advances in carbonylative transformations involving carbon‐centered radicals with an adjacent heteroatom, including oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), boron (B), fluorine (F), and chlorine (Cl). The related reaction mechanism was also discussed.