bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Biomagnetic Stimulation for Transcranial Application
Authors: Ghafar Nor Shahira Ab , Zakaria Zulkarnay , Noor Anas Mohd , Fook Chong Yen , Norali Ahmad Nasrul , Bakar Asyraf Hakimi Abu , Hassan Muhammad Khairul Ali , Rahiman Mohd. Hafiz Fazalul , Puspanathan Jaysuman , Mohamad Elmy Johana , Muji Siti Zarina Mohd
Published: November 2019

Biomagnetic stimulation is a treatment uses the application of magnetic field principle for a therapeutic purpose. This non-invasive therapeutic technique use low frequency electromagnetic field which is less than 10 MHz. In transcranial application, electromagnetic field is use to stimulate the brain tissue for the people affected by weaken neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This paper discusses the modelling and simulation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation using Comsol Multiphysics software. In this research four designs have been simulated. The overall analysis indicates that a single coil design has the best performance in stimulating the area of interest at the frequency of 5MHz.
Mitotic Cell Detection in Breast Histopathology Image: A Review
Authors: Jian Tan Xiao , Nazahah Mustafa , Yusoff Mashor Mohd , Shakir Ab Rahman Khairul
Published: November 2019

Mitotic assessment is one of the critical features in the Nottingham Histological Grading (NHG) system for breast cancer grading. In recent years, rapid development in the performance of mounted camera, computer processing power, and data processing speed have fostered the research interest in detection of mitotic cells using image processing techniques. This paper is meant as an introduction of the recent methods and approaches specifically in detection of mitotic cells for the non-experts. It starts with overview of the grading system, online dataset, and the recent proposed methods in each step (i.e., color normalization, nuclei detection, feature extraction, and classification) of the mitotic cell assessment procedure. A brief discussion and the open problems pertinent to the established works were presented at the end of this paper.
Effects of Electrospinning Voltage and Flow Rate on Morphology of Poly-vinyl Alcohol Nanofibers
Authors: Asiri Amnah , Al-Ashwal Rania Hussien , Sani Mohd Helmi , Saidin Syafiqah
Published: November 2019

Nanofibers have obtained considerable interest for use in various applications. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used to achieve many benefits for diverse pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. We investigated in this study the effects of applied voltage, needle diameter, and flow rate on morphologies of PVA nanofibers. A constant volume of the feeding solutions delivered to the needle at a flow rate of 1 and 2 mL/h with high potentials of voltage was applied as they exit the needle. After that, the electrospun fibers collected on the ground connected aluminum foil. The electrical conductivity measurements of feeding solutions performed at room temperature. Characterization of the PVA nanofibers conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The obtained nanofibers SEM images show beads when using the flow rate at 1 mL/h, whereas increasing the voltage and the flow rate improved the morphology of the nanofibers to uniform without beads. The FTIR results show that O-H and C-O bands are the main attributing to the chemical functionality of PVA nanofibers. As a conclusion, the high voltage and flow rate considered as the most critical parameters that impacted on PVA nanofibers morphology.
Characterization of plasma based on the electrode size of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ)
Authors: Veeraiah Jeyashri , Zaaba Siti Khadijah , Mustaffa Mohammad Taufiq
Published: November 2019

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet recognize as non-thermal plasma or cold plasma where known as APPJ which is generated under pressure of the atmospheric environment, currently APPJ using in many kind of application especially in biomedical application to reduce microbial activity. In APPJ, there are various type of configuration can be set to produce plasma discharge. This project began by changing the configuration of electrodes thickness, electrodes distance, and quartz tube’s inner and outer diameter to generate ideal plasma discharge. The ideal plasma discharge can be choose from Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) analysis by using SpectraWiz software and bacteria inactivation method. This OES analysis used to analyze the charged species and chemical reactive species that present in the plasma plume. The length and reactive species of plasma discharge is all depend on the APPJ configuration used. From the result of OES analysis, the best parameters can choose to perform the bacteria inactivation method. It was found that the bacterial inactivation depend on the oxygen radical was introduced into the plasma jet system. The ideal configuration that was choosen from this research can be applicable in future plasma process to get an effective result.
Analysis of genu and splenium of the corpus callosum: comparison between healthy subjects with and without Leukoaraiosis
Authors: Salbinih Siti Nor Fatihah , Taib Nur Hartini Mohd , Mustapha Muzaimi , Samsudin Ahmad Hadif Zaidin , Yusoff Muhammad Nur Salihin , Shuaib Ibrahim Lutfi , Isa Suzana Mat
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study to investigate whether there are any differences in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) values in subjects that have leukoaraiosis (LA) in the frontal white matter (fWM) and occipital white matter (oWM) compared to subjects that have no LA in those areas in the brain. DTI indices namely axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured via retrospective study. Finding from this study shows that there is no significant difference in AD, RD, MD, and FA values between both groups. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in DTI values of genu and splenium of the corpus callosum between subjects with and without LA. This study shows that subjects with LA does not having degeneration on fiber bundles of the genu and splenium, in which the genu and splenium function in connecting right and left of hemisphere. Also, it might does not affect or not yet affect the genu and splenium fiber bundles. This finding the differences is important to determine whether any changes in AD and RD values.
Influence of simulated leg length discrepancy on the spinal kinematics during stance phases
Authors: Jusoh Siti Mariam Mad , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Salim Mohammad Shahril , Safar Muhammad Juhairi Aziz , Sakeran Hamzah
Published: November 2019

Exploring the walking of LLD are clinically helpful in understanding which LLD level contributed to the changes at the upper limb. The aim of this work was to determine which LLD level during single leg stance and double leg stance contributed to the spinal changes. Eighteen healthy male subjects were induced with 0.5 cm to 4.0 cm height of insoles with interval 0.5 cm accordingly and their spine motion during the stance phase was captured by 5 Oqus cameras and evaluated by using Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) software. The effect of LLD height on spinal kinematics were assessed using spinal curvature parameters which are the lateral bending angle at lumbar (LBAL), the shoulder-girdle and pelvic line bending angle (SPBA) and the shoulder-girdle line and pelvic line rotation angle (SPRA). 4 cm LLD height at double stance phase created a relatively larger LBAL when compared with normal walking. The influence of LLD on SPBA and SPRA was very minimal.
Surface inclination effects on muscle and joint contact force during walking: A systematic review
Authors: Yamin Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Som Mohd Hanafi Mat , Safar Muhammad Juhairi Aziz
Published: November 2019

Outdoor surfaces are generally uneven as the surface topography diverges in terms of its inclination. Due to variation of inclination, there are risks of injury caused by muscle response and force reaction during gait. The objective of this review is to characterize the effects of incline surface on muscle and forces during walking that contribute to injury. The search strategy was carried out from Worldcat.org database. Majority of the previous studies agree on the fact that muscle response and force significantly change according to the changes of surface inclination. Future studies involving ligament force should be performed in order to obtain a valid result on muscle response and force reaction during inclined gait.
Evaluation on Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Abdullah Azian Azamimi , Rijal Saroja , Dash Satya Ranjan
Published: November 2019

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was characterized by delay in social interactions development, repetitive behaviors and narrow interest, which usually diagnosed with standard diagnostic tools such as Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADIR-R). Previous work has implemented machine-learning methods for the classification of ASD, however they used different types of dataset such as brain images for MRI and EEG, risk genes in genetic profiles and behavior evaluation based on ADOS and ADI-R. Here a trial on using Autism Spectrum Questions (AQ) to build models that have higher potential to classify ASD was developed. In this research, Chi-square and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) have been selected as feature selection methods to select the most important features for 3 supervised machine learning algorithms, which are Random Forest, Logistic Regression and K-Nearest Neighbors with K-fold cross validation. The performance was evaluated in which results Logistic Regression scored the highest accuracy with 97.541% using model with 13 selected features based on Chi-square selection method.
Differentiate Characteristic EEG Tobacco Smoking and Non-smoking
Authors: Chin Lim Chee , Zazid Asmiedah Muhamad , Fook Chong Yen , Vijean Vikneswaran , Awang Saidatul Ardeenawatie , Affandi Marwan , Chee Lim Sin
Published: November 2019

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is non-stationary signal that have low frequency component and amplitude compared to stationary signal. Therefore, present of unwanted substance (nicotine) in Tobacco smoking will alter the brain electrical activity. This paper is proposed to investigate the changes of EEG signal with the present of nicotine and identify the difference brain signal between smoker and non-smoker. There are 20 males (10 smokers, 10 non-smokers) are selected. The subjects are chosen based on inclusion criteria (abstained from smoking within 6 hours before experiment, and do not take any medication and caffeine). The recorded EEG signal contain a lot of noise such as head moving, muscle movement, power line, eyes blinks and interference with other device. Butterworth filter are implemented to remove the unwanted noise present in the original signal. Bandpass filter is used to decompose the EEG signal into alpha, theta, delta and beta frequency. Then, eight features (mean, median, maximum, minimum, variance, standard deviation, energy and power) have been extracted by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) method. Then, four different type of kernel function (‘Linear’, ‘BoxConstraint’, ‘Polynomial’ and ‘RBF’) of SVM classifier are used to identify the best accuracy. As a result, PSD (97.50%) have higher performance accuracy than FFT (97.33%) by using Radial Basis Function (RBF) of Support Vector Machine (SVM). Smoking activity caused slightly increase theta and delta frequency. Smoking is activated of five electrode channels (Fp1, Fp2, F8, F3 and C3) and caused additional emotion such as deep rest, stress releasing and losing attention. The attention of smokers can be measure by using stroop test. After smoking activity, smokers become more energetic and increase the time response (1.77 s) of stroop test compared to non-smokers (2.96 s). The result is calculated by using statistical analysis (t-test). The p-value is 0.037 which is less than 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and conclude there is significant different between smokers and non-smoker performance before and after smoking task.
Classification of Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms Based on Image and Numeric Datasets
Authors: Ray Ratula , Abdullah Azian Azamimi , Mallick Debasish Kumar , Ranjan Dash Satya
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer has been identified as the second leading cause of death among women worldwide after lung cancer and hence, it becomes extremely crucial to identify it at an early stage, which can considerably increase the chances of survival. The most important part in cancer detection is to be able to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and this is where the work of Machine Learning comes in. Taking all the dependent features upon consideration, Supervised Machine Learning methods allow for classification with higher degree of accuracy and improve upon the misdiagnosis of the physicians, which might occur almost 20% of the time. In our paper, we are focusing towards understanding the shortcomings of digital mammograms in detection of breast cancer and utilize Machine Learning classifiers for the classification of benign and malignant tumors using image analysis. Apart from this, we are also looking into implementing Supervised Machine Learning classifiers such as Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest and Gaussian Naive Bayes classifiers for assessing the risks involved with breast cancer by analyzing the biomarkers that are involved with it. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive view on prediction of breast cancer through Machine Learning through both image and data analyses, which can play a pivotal role in prevention of misdiagnosis in future. Fig. 1. gives a layout for the breast cancer prediction using Supervised Machine learning classifiers.
Fibre based bioplastic film from Morus sp. (mulberry) leaves for medical purpose
Authors: Aziz Izzat Aiman , Robiah Mohamad Che Wan Sharifah , Adollah Robiyanti
Published: November 2019

New trend was shown the application of biodegradable plastic was used in the medicinal field especially as a template for the 3rd and 4th degree of burning is extensively studied. Currently, a bioplastic in medicinal applications for burning treatment comes from various materials based on fossil oil and synthetic chemical. Morus sp. among abundant plant and normally used for skin and inflammation treatment in traditional practices. The aim of this research is to synthesis bioplastic by using Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporates with Morus sp. leaves as the alternative of the skin template for a burning patient. With the phytochemical in the leaves such as phenolic, flavonoid and high content of antioxidant, hopefully, it will able to enhance the cell growth on the burning site without any contamination from the bacteria. 2 g Morus sp. leaves was blend with different concentration of the PVA (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) to produce plastic films. This mixture was stirred under constant magnetic stirring at 95°C for 1 hour. The mixtures are then pouring into a glass petri dish and dried in an oven at 50°C for 24 hours. The characterization of bioplastic is based on an antimicrobial test, tensile test, microstructure analysis using SEM and chemical composition analysed using FTIR. According to the results, a bioplastic made up from mixes Morus sp. leaves with 80% PVA has the best mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the result showed a possible application of the film as an alternative for the medical purpose.
Effect of pressure and infill density parameter setting on morphological and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone printed scaffold using desktop 3D bioprinter
Authors: Fakhruddin Khalida , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan , Murad Muhammad ‘Ammar , Mat Nayan Nadirul Hasraf , Sa’adon Shafizah
Published: November 2019

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the process of building a 3D construct containing biological cells. There are varies set of printing parameter involved in 3D bioprinting system that will affect the structure and the mechanical properties of the bioprinted construct. This study was done to investigated the effect of extrusion pressure and infill density on the polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D printed construct’s morphology, printing accuracy and compressive strength. Based on morphological evaluations using scanning electron microscope, the printed scaffold was suggested to be at the best condition at pressure 60psi using 80% infill setting. Besides, the mechanical testing revealed the printed scaffold was successfully fabricated without losing its mechanical integrity. This is a good indication for PCL as structural host material to obtain functionalized 3D scaffold using bioprinting method.
An Automated Intelligent Identification and Counting System Procedure for Tuberculosis
Authors: Rosli Fatin Atiqah , Mashor Mohd Yusoff , Noor Siti Suraya Md
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis or TB Bacilli. Currently, the classification of TB bacilli is carried out by microbiologist by using Ziehl-Nielsen (ZN) stained smear sputum slide under a light microscopy. However, the manual evaluation is time-consuming and lead to slow decision. Furthermore, the sensitivity is less due to incline of human error which lead to inaccurate conclusion. Therefore, this study proposes an intelligence identification and counting system to detect the presence of TB bacilli in the ZN-stained smear sputum image. This system is designed to identify the presence of TB bacilli and count the number of TB bacilli by applying digital image processing and artificial intelligence techniques. In image acquisition, there are 70 samples images of ZN-stained smear sputum image were collected from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The image processing technique consists of contrast enhancement, segmentation, and feature extraction. The contrast of original image was enhanced by the combination of global enhancement, local enhancement and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Then, the enhanced image was segmented using color thresholding and the features were extracted consists of on 18 colour features, 15 shape features and 5 texture features. Afterward, the features underwent feature selection to select the relevant features by using Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) and ReliefF Analysis. The study showed that there are relevant features were chosen by ReliefF at feature weight more than 0.004 including (8 colour features, 11 shape feature and 3 texture features) for improving the performance and accuracy of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) trained by Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG). For classification process, MLP, k-Nearest Neighborhood (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used with 6 folds cross-validation. It was found that MLP has the highest of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with 93.8%, 93.4% and 94.1% respectively.
Antibacterial Ability of Mesoporous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Fadzli Farah Syazana Ahmad , Saleh Siti Shuhadah Md , Mohamad Che Wan Sharifah Robiah , Taib Mustafa Ali Azhar
Published: November 2019

Mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (Meso-CHA) is a bioceramic materials that offer good biocompatibility and bioactivity properties that suitable for bone defects or diseases treatment and therapy. Antibacterial study is very important to ensure that materials is biocompatible enough to be used on or inside the human body. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial ability of the Meso-CHA (without addition of antibacterial agents) towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Meso-CHA samples were synthesized using chemical precipitation method where surfactant P-123 was used to introduce pores within nanoparticles structure. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis proved that pure phase of Meso-CHA was obtained. Synthesized Meso-CHA demonstrated higher pore properties (surface area = 146.92 m2g−1, pore size = 2.35 nm, and pore volume = 0.2437 cm3g−1) compared to commercial HA (surface area = 7.84 m2g−1, pore size = 2.05 nm, and pore volume = 0.0085 cm3g−1). The antibacterial study demonstrated that Meso-CHA has low antibacterial properties with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 200 mg.ml−1compared to HA. Carbonate ion addition into the Meso-CHA structure does not improve the antibacterial ability of the materials.
The cure and tensile properties of montmorillonite-natural rubber composites in the incorporation of alkanolamide
Authors: Surya I , Ginting M
Published: November 2019

Effects of alkanolamide incorporation on cure and tensile properties of montmorillonite (MMT)-natural rubber (NR) composites were studied. The material of alkanolamide was synthesized from the waste of cooking oil production which was used as a rubber additive and incorporated into the NR compounds at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 parts per hundred rubber (phr.). From the results, the alkanolamide decreased the times to scorch and cure but increased elongation at break. It was also found that the alkanolamide improved difference in torque, tensile strength and tensile moduli up to a five phr. of alkanolamide and decreased those properties with further increasing the alkanolamide loading. From the swelling test; the five phr. of alkanolamide loading was the optimum loading which causing the highest density of crosslink of the MMT composite of NR.
The Crystallization Process of Zr-Based Metallic Glass by the Influence of Heating Rate and Alloy Composition
Authors: Triwikantoro  , Kriswandono Y , Munawaroh F
Published: November 2019

A study of the crystallization process of Zr-based Metallic Glass by the influence of the heating rate and variation of alloy composition was investigated. The alloys used were Zr68Cu14Ni11Al7, Zr64.5Cu17Ni11Al7.5, and Zr69.5Cu12Ni11Al7.5. Thermal stability was analyzed using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) with a heating rate of 5°C/min and 10°C/min until the temperature reached 500°C. The three samples were heated with temperature variations of 400°C, 425°C, and 450°C for one hour in air. Crystal growth was observed by XRD test. The DSC curve of the three samples shows that the higher the rate of heating, the shift of the crystallization peak temperature shifts to a higher temperature. At higher temperatures, the crystallization process occurs faster than at lower temperatures. The composition of zirconium contributes to the resistance properties of crystallization. The alloy with the highest zirconium composition has a high resistance to crystallization. The crystalline phase formed is ZrO2 tetragonal in all samples heated at a temperature of 450°C, and there is an intermetallic phase of Zr2Ni identified on Zr64.5Cu17Ni11Al7.5
Thickness and Resistivities of Cu/Ni Film Resulted by Electroplating on the Various Electrolyte Temperature
Authors: Wustha Jumratul , Toifur Moh. , Khusnani Azmi
Published: November 2019

Synthesis of Cu/Ni thin films has been carried out by electroplating method assisted by magnetic fields at variations in the temperature of the solution. The use of magnetic fields in the deposition process is to accelerate mass transport, reduce the reaction effect of hydrogen evolution, improve surface morphology. An increase in the temperature of the solution can accelerate the rate of Ni ions from the anode to the cathode. The electroplating process is carried out at a DC voltage of 1.5 volts, a magnetic field of 200 gauss that is perpendicular to the electric field, within 5 seconds, and the electrode distance is 4 cm. The solution temperature varied from 40°C – 80°C at intervals of 10 °C. Characterization is done by testing the thickness and resistivity of the Ni layer. Thickness test is done with the help of calculations from the results of weighing Ni. The test of sheet resistivity is done by means of a 4 point probe.

The results showed that the greater the temperature of the solution the thicker the Ni layer. The thickness of the Ni layer ranges from (0.09 ± 0.001) μm to (0.38 ± 0.006) μm which is the opposite to the resistivity of the chip, namely the higher the temperature of the solution the smaller the sheet resistivity. The size of the sheet resistivity is from (1.31 ± 0.02) Ω/sq. To (1.38 ± 0.06) Ω/sq to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.
Production and Optimization of Lipase by Aspergillus niger using Coconut Pulp Waste in Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Suyanto E , Soetarto E S , Cahyanto M N
Published: November 2019

Lipase has high economical value and an attribute that treasures wide range applications. Among the microbes, fungi to be the best source for lipase production in agro-industrial residue using solid state fermentation (SSF). One of agro-industrial residue is coconut pulp waste. The aims of this study is to explore the possibility of coconut pulp waste for producing of lipase using fungi isolate, Aspergillus niger and find the partial optimum condition of lipase production based on 2 parameters only. The crude enzyme was extracted by mixing fermented substrate with 50 mL sterile aquades pH 7 containing 0.01% Tween-80. The protein concentrations are determined by Bradford method using spectrophotometric. Lipase activity was followed the titrimetric method. The SSF was carried out with variation of initial spore concentration of 1×105, 1×106, 1×107, and 1×108 (spores.mL−1) and crude enzyme was harvested by adding 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 (mL) of extract solution. The result showed that initial spore concentration and extract solution affected of lipase production. The SSF in coconut pulp waste using A. niger has successfully produced lipase with optimum condition were achieved by adding spore concentration inoculum 1×106 spore.mL−1 in acidic condition at 30°C for 7 days and extracted by 75 mL of extract solution that was result 72.5 mL of crude enzyme with lipase activity 10.83 U.mL−1 and protein content 0.074 mg/mL−1.
Biosorption of Synthetic Dye from Batik Wastewater Using Trichoderma viride Immobilized on Ca-Alginate
Authors: Rahmaniah G , Mahdi C , Safitri A
Published: November 2019

Batik and textile industry is one of the sources of liquid waste derived from the staining process. One of the color substances commonly used is remazol brilliant violet which is an azotype substance that is difficult to be degraded in the environment and is toxic pollutants. A method that can be used to decolorize of synthetic dye is biosorption. Trichoderma viride can be used as biosorbent, since it is resistant to toxic compound. The immobilization of T. viride is applied to increase their stability and to minimize cellular damage. Calcium alginate can be used for immobilization matrix because it is affordable, non-toxic and biocompatible. This study focused on determining the optimum conditions on biosorption process of remazol brilliant violet using immobilized T. viride. Remazol brilliant violet solution were absorbed at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, contact time for 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, and 90 min, and the amount of adsorbent used were varied at 0.3; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1 g. The optimum condition was obtained at 60 min biosorption time, at pH 4 with the amount of adsorbent was 1 g, with percent of adsorption was 8.76%. The adsorption capacity of remazol brilliant violet using T. viride immobilized with Ca-alginate was 0.089 mg/g. FTIR spectra results indicated functional groups that involved in immobilization of T. viride were O-H and C=O carboxylic, while in biosorption process violet were C-H sp3, C=O carboxylic, C=O amide and C=C benzene.
The effect of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) essential oil on bioplastic derived from cassava peel waste
Authors: Masruri M , Azhar A Z , Rosyada I , Febrianto A
Published: November 2019

Kaffir lime essential oil is reported contain a biologically active secondary metabolite from the class of terpenoid. It was reported active as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer. Combination of this bioactive essential oil to afford bioplastic or biodegradable plastic will open their future applications in industry and medicine. This paper report the characteristic of the combining of kaffir lime essential with starch from cassava peel waste to produce bioplastic. The FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and elasticity test was reported to the bioplastic produced. In short, bioplastic prepared from both starting materials are able to be made. The appearance is clear and transparent. The FTIR spectra also provide a combination of both functional groups, and some fractures found to the bioplastic without addition of kaffir lime essential oil. Interestingly, elasticity improves for bioplastic composed of essential oil.
Antioxidant activity of vacuum column chromatography fractions of ethanol extract of sarang banua (Clerodenrum fragrans vent willd) leaves
Authors: Simorangkir M , Nainggolan B , Silaban S
Published: November 2019

Sarang banua plants are found in Simalungun, North Sumatra, Indonesia, which have been used by the community as traditional medicinal plants. The result of plant determination, sarang banua plant is a type of Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd, including the family Verbenaceae. The antioxidant activity of vacuum column chromatography fractions of ethanol extract of C. fragrans leaves was completed. This study aims to find a pure fraction through vacuum column chromatography from the ethanol extract of C. fragrans leaves which has antioxidant activity. Purification of ethanol extract of C. Fragrans was carried out using vacuum column chromatography with silica gel 1.07733.1000 stationary phase and n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as mobile phase. The antioxidant activity test of the fractions were carried out by DPPH free radical reduction method. The antioxidant test results using the DPPH free radical scavenging method showed that the F5 fraction had higher antioxidant activity than F4 and F3 fractions with IC50 values in a row 19.80; 24.65 and 84.02 ppm. The IC50 value of vitamin C as a positive control is 22.25 ppm. The F5 fraction has antioxidant activity higher than Vitamin C (positive control) and includes a very strong category of antioxidants.
Interaction of cadmium-cysteine binding and oxidation of protein causes of blood thrombosis
Authors: Marisa D , Aflanie I , Muthmainah N , Suhartono E
Published: November 2019

Thrombosis occurs if the balance between thrombogenic factors and protective mechanisms is disrupted. These disorders can be caused by endothelial disorders due to the presence of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). These amino acid residues can bind Cd metal covalently with the -S-S-, -C-S-, -SH, and phenyl groups, which are present in the amino acid residues. This situation causes changes in the structure of the protein, so that it becomes modified and forms a blood clot (thrombosis). However, the spectroscopic interaction of cadmium-cysteine as causes of thrombosis has not been widely studied. Therefore, this research needs to be done. The research conducted was an experimental study with posttest control with group design. This study used healthy blood obtained from PMI Banjar regency. This study used one control group and three treatment groups, namely P0 = control group, blood without Cd; P1 = blood group with Cd 0.003 mg/l; P2 = blood group with Cd 0.03 mg/l; P3 = blood group with Cd 0.3 mg/l; P4 = blood group with Cd 3 mg/l. Furthermore, each group was incubated for 45 minutes at 37°c. Then cloth weight, AOPP levels, and absorbance were measured at wavelengths 253 nm. The results showed that an increase in cadmium levels caused an increase in the rate of thrombosis. This increase is associated with an increase in AOPP levels. Cadmium can bind covalently with cysteine and other amino acids which results in the breakdown of peptide bonds. The study concluded that cd accelerated the rate of thrombosis due to increased protein oxidation (aopp). This oxidation is caused by binding cd to cysteine with kbind = 0.355.
Changes of Biologic Marker in Neonatal Sepsis: Is it significance?
Authors: Pratiwi D I N , Nurikhwan P W , Devi W R
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death in newborns. The initial symptoms of sepsis are usually unclear, the clinician often judge these conditions based on risk factor and clinical examination. Blood culture is one of the parameters to be checked but the result takes time. It is also usually come with a positive result of 10 - 60% only. Another biologic marker such as hematologic one is used to evaluate the sepsis because it is considered faster enough. The aim of study is to evaluate the significant changes in biologic marker during neonatal sepsis with positive risk factors. Methods. This was a cross sectional study. All <72 hours old’s neonates with positive risk factors, neonates who admitted in July to September 2015 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and clinically suspected of sepsis were included. Laboratory results of each case were recorded. The eight variables of biologic hematologic parameters of the neonates (hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelet counts, IT (immature to total neutrophil) ratio, IM (immature to mature neutrophil) ratio, polymorphonuclear, immature polymorphonuclear, and hematological scoring (HSS)); one variable of C-reactive protein, and one variable culture result were assessed. Each variable will be compared based on culture result using independent T-test of SPSS. Results and Discussion. Thirty-six samples were found which consist of twenty-nine negative and seven positive sample of culture results. All statistical variable’s results weren’t significant (p >0,05). These results showed there is no significant changes to these variables even if there are any risk factors within the neonates. Higher or lower value of these variable did also not prove whether the culture is positive. Conclusion. No significant changes in biologic marker during neonatal sepsis with positive risk factors.
The Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics on ANC Value and Fever Duration in Cancer Patients with Post-Chemotherapy Neutropenia Fever
Authors: Yunita E P , Subagiyo G J R , Wardhani S O
Published: November 2019

Chemotherapy has immunosuppressive side effects, one of which is neutropenia. In neutropenia, fever often occurs as a manifestation of infection. Antibiotics are given in neutropenia condition to prevent complication of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different prophylactic antibiotics on the increase of Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), duration of fever, and degree of improvement in ANC values in cancer patients with fever neutropenia. This study was an observational with quantitative descriptive analyses. Data were taken from medical records for the period January 2015 to December 2016. The sample size that met the inclusion criteria was 45 patients including 15 using ceftriaxone-gentamicin, 8 using ceftriaxone, 16 using ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin, and 6 using ceftazidime. The results showed a significant difference in the increase ANC values for different antibiotics (p = 0.001). However, the administration of different antibiotics did not provide a significant difference in the mean duration of fever (p = 0.341). Administration of different antibiotics was known to give a degree of improvement in the same ANC value (p = 0.711). The conclusion of this study was that the administration of different antibiotics in post-chemotherapy neutropenia fever patients has a significant influence on the ANC value where the type of antibiotic that has the highest influence is a combination of ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin.
The Improvement of INS Gene Sequences on Rat Model of Type 1 Diabetes in Goat Milk Casein Protein Treatment, but not in Glibenclamide
Authors: Mulyati M , Mu’jizah E Y , Fatchiyah F
Published: November 2019

This study was aimed to determine the effect of CSN1S2 protein from Etawah Crossbred goat milk for repairing DNA sequence of INS gene in T1DM rat model. We divided the experimental rats into control group, diabetes group, control with CSN1S2 protein treatment group, diabetes with CSN1S2 protein treatment group, and diabetes with glibenclamide treatment group. The dose of CSN1S2 protein and glibenclamide used was 800 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW, respectively. We isolated the DNA from rat pancreas tissue and amplified it with a specific primer of INS gene. Our study investigated that there were transition, transversion, and deletion mutation in diabetic rat. The glibenclamide administration had changed 6 point mutations in INS of the diabetic rat to normal, but it created the other 9 new mutations. The CSN1S2 protein treatment showed mutation repairing in INS of diabetes group. Consequently, CSN1S2 have potential effect as anti-diabetes and is safe to consume than glibenclamide.
Identification and molecular docking analysis alkaloids Polyalthia longifolia leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines as anti-inflammatory
Authors: Anita T Z , Mahdi C , Beltran M A G , Aulanni’am A
Published: November 2019

Polyalthia longifolia (family: Annonaceae) is widely planted to effectively reduces noise pollution. This plant spread in many countries including Indonesia and the Philippines. Alkaloids are the main active compounds other than terpenoids in P.longifolia and it has the potential to be anti-inflammatory. Each leaves considered have different active compounds because of the different geographic factor from each country. To confirm this, we investigated the differences alkaloid compounds from two different sources of plants and predicted their anti-inflammatory potential. Shade-dried leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines were extracted by ethanol 70%. Two extracts were analyzed with LC-MS to ensure alkaloid compounds. Ensured alkaloid compounds further take on molecular docking. The compounds were drawn with ChemDraw then convert to .pdb with Open Babel. The protein COX-2 obtained from .pdb then prepared with PyMol. The docking process held by PyRx and the interaction was visualized by LigPlot+. LC-MS analysis identified 5 alkaloids contained from the ethanol extract of P.longifolia leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines. O-methylbulbocapnine-N-oxide was found only in ethanol extract leaves from Indonesia, while N-methylnandingerine-β-N-oxide was only found in ethanol extract leaves from the Philippines. All compounds have the potential as an anti-inflammation. Liriodenine as the most potent compound with binding energy −10.9kcal/mol. O-methylbulbocapnine-N-oxide has lower binding energy than N-methylnandingerine-β-N-oxide. In conclusion, there are differences between the alkaloid compounds and anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol extract of P.longifolia leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines. Moreover, Indonesia’s ethanol extract leaves showed more potential than Philippines’s.
Interpolation of beef price in Malang City during Eid Al-Adha 2017
Authors: Harini S , Iriany A , Mulyanto A D , Astuti C C , Metyopandi V , Diana I N
Published: November 2019

The large demand for cows during Eid Al-Adha was likely to affect the beef prices. The current research aimed to create an interpolation of beef prices in Eid Al-Adha so that the researchers could predict the range of beef prices in Malang city (Malang and Batu cities as well as Malang districts), East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study suggested that the range of beef prices in Malang city was relatively stable between IDR 105,000 and IDR 115,000. The results also showed that the government had successfully maintained the price. However, the government needed to pay more attention to Batu city since it was found that the price in that area was higher than any other areas in Malang.
Prediction of moment resistance of steel connection with Macro Excel using Eurocode standard
Authors: Firdaus M , Saggaff A , Tahir M Md , Ngian S P , Sulaiman A
Published: November 2019

To date, the use of information technology has become part of the human lifestyle. The existence of the demands of fast, precise and accurate design is a common standard that must be met which has significant advantage to compete with practitioners who are working with conventional method. In civil engineering, the use of information technology cannot be avoided, whether you like or not engineers must be able to adapt. This is a logical consequence because the analysis involves considerable calculations, iterative, or trial and error. The solution is to create a program application using Fortran, Pascal, or C ++ which sometimes frustrates engineers who are accustomed to manual methods. This paper presents one solution that bridges the existence of a 'gap' to information technology in the form of short programs as a mediator between conventional and automatic calculations. Eurocode standard was used for design steel connection because this code already established and using metric units that commonly used in Indonesia. The parametric analysis was conducted by means of Excel combine with Visual Basic Application (VBA), the calculation performed iteratively for different dimensions and summarized in the form of a table.
ICT application in cyber counseling as a teacher accelerator with optimizing WhatsApp based mobile computing
Authors: Budianto A E , Aziz A , Hidayah N
Published: November 2019

This long-term study aims to make it easier for teachers to describe one model of counseling services. Teachers are required to be able to provide good and best service through the process of counseling guidance. The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be utilized in cyber counseling and handling of various services, for example, almost all students have mobile phones which on average can already be utilized to build the system by optimizing WhatsApp based mobile computing capable of providing e-counseling services and saving time and cost. Service Guidance and counseling is not always face to face. There is an easier service that is with cyber counseling that allows counseling not feel embarrassed or awkward that can be done anytime and anywhere. Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in contemporary times become very relevant when applied in guidance and counseling activities. Therefore, it is expected to also increase the researcher both skill and competence that will boost the institution where the researchers work, namely: Kanjuruhan University Malang.
The effect of different stem immersion duration on goat urine solution on success rate of elephant grass cuttings (pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Kustyorini T I W , Hadiyani D P P , Rohman H
Published: November 2019

This research was aimed to determine the success rate of elephant grass cuttings (Pennisetum purpureum) with various durations on immersion stem cuttings in goat urine solution. The method used was field experimental using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used was P0 (without immersion), immersion on goat urine solution P1 (10 min), P2 (20 min), P3 (30 min), P4 (40 min). The variables observed in this research are the percentage of success rate, the quantity of root, the number of leaves, plant height and production quantity. The results showed that on elephant grass cuttings (Pennisetum purpureum) with various immersion times in goat urine gave highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the percentage of success rate and had a great influence (P < 0.01) against the average quantity of roots. While on the results of observations on the number of leaves and plant height gave no significant effect (P>0.05) on the results of cuttings. Percentage of highest success rate on the treatment of P3 and P4 (97.78%), highest root quantity at P3 (38.33 cm). This research concluded that the treatment of immersion elephant grass stem for 30 minutes in goat urine solution can increase the success rate reaches 97.78%.
Online journalist, rapid technology and partial verifications in reporting diversity
Authors: Loisa R , Susanto E H , Junaidi A
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the results of a research on how conventional media journalists who then shift to convergent media carry out news about diversity cases. This research is based on normative theoretical perspectives, particularly The Guidelines for Cyber Media Coverage from the Indonesian Press Council. The study was conducted with case study method, which combined a quantitative approach in the form of an electronic survey to 68 news portal crews from various cities in Indonesia, and a qualitative approach by conducting focused group discussions with 10 journalists from various news portals in Jakarta. The results showed that the pattern of coverage for diversity in news portals as partial verifications that was carried out in a line of immediate and brief reporting. This study concludes that in internet-based media, journalists must adjust their reporting patterns with such rapid reporting technology.
“ARRES” Augmented Reality for the human respiratory system
Authors: Amalia E L , Suryani H D
Published: November 2019

Technology is advancing at a brisk pace as many things that were not possible a few years ago are possible now. Augmented Reality is a synthetic, computer simulated reality or recreation of a real-time environment where a user can interact with the replicated real environments. Biology is only taught in conventional way through books so it makes the students only pay their attention to texts and pictures to catch their interest, the lesson will get more interesting and interactive if the students can look at the process directly in the form of 3D as it makes students memorize it at ease. Respiratory and blood circulation system are examples from Biology for second grade of Junior High School. By applying Augmented Reality, they can take a lesson interactively through digital object in a reality. The design of Augmented Reality in respiratory and blood circulation system for Junior High School students is made with Blender application. The making of AR application with android platform uses game engine unity. Based on the functional test conducted by the researchers, it can be concluded that by applying the application, the users can gain the information related to the human respiratory and blood circulation system can be conveyed interestingly and interactively to the students.
Design of a prototype of manipulator arm for implementing pick-and-place task in industrial robot system using TCS3200 color sensor and ATmega2560 microcontroller
Authors: Najmurrokhman A , Kusnandar K , Maulana F , Wibowo B , Nurlina E
Published: November 2019

It is widely known that the industrial robot system has supported an automation of production process in the industry. A robot provides consistent and predictable productivity that reduces management oversight. In manufacturing system, a manipulator arm is a type of robot that commonly used to pick and place the workpieces into a certain position. This paper describes a prototype of manipulator arm for implementing pick-and-place task in industrial robot system. Manipulator arm separates items based on the color detected by the TCS3200 color sensor and then processed by the ATmega2560 microcontroller. Furthermore, the output of the microcontroller will send a signal to four servomotor drivers to move the robot arm in the desired direction. The robot picks objects and places them in the designated place. The experiments are carried out to pick objects with certain colors and shapes and place into the provided container. The experimental result shows that manipulator arm works well according the design objective such as color accuracy and time response of robot movement from initial time until achieving the goal.