bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ROSETTE TESTS FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS
Authors: Næss Are , Tonder Olav
Published: August 2010

Lymphocytes from heparinized or defibrinated blood were separated on Lymphoprep® and washed in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Defibrination caused a decreased yield of lymphocytes compared to heparin treatment. The cell loss was probably nonselective, as only minor differences in lymphocyte subpopulations were found. However, lymphocytes from defibrinated blood, washed in PBS gave a lower percentage of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) in most tests, and higher number of latex‐phagocytizing cells. For the stabilization of sheep erythrocyte (E)‐RFC, treatment of E with 2‐amino‐ethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AFT), with addition of fetal calf serum (FCS), and E‐RFC without FCS fixed with glutaraldehyde gave similar results, and higher percentages of RFC than the RFC test performed with FCS. Storage of whole blood or separated lymphocytes for 24 h at 4°C generally resulted in a reduction in the percentages of E‐RFC, particularly active E‐RFC, but not of EA‐ or EAC‐RFC. The ranges of the results were usually wider after storage.
INHIBITION OF RAT RENIN BY ANTIBODY ELICITED AGAINST PURE MOUSE RENIN AND THE EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: LYKKEGÅRD STIG , POULSEN KNUD
Published: August 2010

Antibodies raised against mouse submaxillary renin showed affinity for rat renal renin. The affinity was characterized by enzyme kinetics in vitro. The antibodies and the purified Fab fragments showed total inhibition of rat renin, with a K, of 6.5 ± 0.7 × 10–8 mol/1 for the Fab fragments. The effect of enzymatic inhibition on blood pressure in anaesthetized rats was compared with converting enzyme inhibition. The antibodies showed a significant effect on blood pressure, with a depressor effect corresponding to that of the converting enzyme inhibitor [SQ 20 881]‐ The reduction of mean arterial pressure was from 116 ± 3 to 108 ± 3 mmHg for the antibodies and to 107 ± 4 mmHg for the converting enzyme inhibitor. The pressor response of infused rat renal renin was totally blocked by the antibodies while pressor responses of angiotensin II were unchanged.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA): CHARACTERIZATION AND USE IN A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR CEA
Authors: Lindgren J. , Bång B. , Hurme M. , Måkelå O.
Published: August 2010

Fusion of immune spleen cells of mice immunized with CEA with a mouse myeloma cell line resulted in several hybrid cell lines secreting antibodies to CEA as tested by radio‐immunoassay. Four of these were cloned by limiting dilution and large amounts of anti‐CEA antibodies were produced by growing the anti‐CEA‐producing cell clones intraperitoneally in mice and collecting the ascites fluids formed. Ascites fluids containing antibodies with both high and low affinity were obtained. The antibody having the highest affinity was shown to be specific to CEA, whereas one antibody showed cross‐reaction with the normal cross‐reacting antigen (NCA). The establishment of a competitive‐inhibition doubleantibody radio‐immunoassad with high sensitivity and specificity using mouse monoclonal antibodies is described.
CYTOLOGICAL EVENTS IN ALLO‐STIMULATED LYMPHOCYTES TRIGGERED BY EXPOSURE TO ALLOANTIGENS:
Authors: Poulsen Poul Brix , Nielsen Laust Hangler
Published: August 2010

H‐2b lymphocytes sensitized against H‐2d alloantigens or H‐2k alloantigens were triggered by incubation with disrupted or intact H‐2d target cells. The triggering of the lymphoid cells was stopped by fixation with glutaraldehyde. Changes in cell size, in numerical density of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the Golgi apparatus (GA) as well as in the areal density of the lysosomes and the mitochondria in the lymphoblasts during the first three hours of triggering were measured with a Hewlett Packard digitizer. No significant changes in cell size or in the density of GA, lysosomes and mitochondria were observed after triggering with disrupted target cells, but a significant increase in the density of ER occurred in the lymphoblasts previously stimulated against the target cell. After triggering with intact target cells, cell size of the lymphoblasts increased, as well as the density of GA, mitochondria and lysosomes while the density of ER exhibited a decrease followed by an increase. The disrupted target cells were shown to inhibit the release of 5lCr during lysis of 51Cr‐labelled target cells.
INFLUENCE OF IN VIVO DIETHYLSTILBOSTEROL PHOSPHATE ON SOME HUMAN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE SUB‐POPULATIONS
Authors: Onsrud M. , Sander S.
Published: August 2010

The effects of in vivo diethylstilbosterol phosphate (DES‐P) on lymphoid cells were studied in six patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The administration of 500 mg DES‐P intravenously caused increased numbers of circulating granulocytes, monocytes, and non‐T lymphocytes lasting for 24–48 hours. The natural killer activity, as measured in a three‐hours 51Cr‐release assay with K562 cells as targets, was transiently depressed four hours after drug injection. Parallel variations were found in the fraction of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. In mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) the responding capacity of the T cells and the stimulatory capacity of the non‐T cells were unaffected. In vitro preincubation with DES‐P overnight was not toxic to the lymphocytes. To be suppressive in MLC DES‐P had to be added in concentrations one thousand times higher than those of hydrocortisone. It is concluded that a single dose of DES‐P in vivo modulates the kinetics of recirculating lymphoid cells.
BRIEF REPORT: INDUCTION OF PLAQUE‐FORMING CELL RESPONSE IN ADRENALECTOMIZED NUDE RATS USING THYMOSIN FRACTION 5
Authors: Klausen Bjarne , Hougen Hans‐Petter , Rygaard Jorgen
Published: August 2010

In adrenalectomized nude rats treated with Thymosin fraction 5 a plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response comparable to that found in normal rats was obtained. The PFC response found after adrenalectomy alone or thymosin‐treatment in unoperated animals was comparable to that of untreated nude rats.
URINARY EXCRETION OF ALBUMIN AND BETA‐2‐MICROGLOBULIN, GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN SERUM DURING INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: Pedersen E. B. , SØLling J. , Mogensen C. E. , Christensen K. D.
Published: August 2010

Immune complexes in serum, urinary excretion of albumin and beta‐2‐microglobulin were determined in patients with infectious mononucleosis, both during the acute stage of the disease and one month later. At the first examination immune complexes were detected in 8 out of 12 patients, using both the ClqBA and the PP‐Lc methods, but had disappeared in all after one month. Urinary excretion was initially increased for albumin in one of 9 and for beta‐2‐microglobulin in 5 of 9 patients. A significant fall in excretion was noted for beta‐2‐microglobulin during the acute phase (0.486 to 0.190 ng/min (medians), p < 0.01) whereas albumin excretion did not change significantly (9.0 to 4.0 μg/min). Excretions were normal in all patients after one month. The magnitude of proteinuria was not correlated to the serum level of immune complexes. Serum beta‐2‐microglobulin was initially increased in 8 of 9 patients, but normal after one month (3.8 to 2.2 mg/l, p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between levels of beta‐2‐microglobulin in serum and urine (rho = 0.833, n = 9, p < 0.01).51Cr‐EDTA clearance was the same during the acute illness and one month later. It is concluded that the abnormalities in urinary protein excretion do not seem to be related to the presence of circulating immune complexes in infectious mononucleosis and that the elevated urinary beta‐2‐microglobulin excretion is most likely due to increase production.
THE ONTOGENY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL RECEPTORS IN THE THYMUS
Authors: Gilhus Nils Erik , Frostad Stein , Matre Roald , Tönder Olav
Published: August 2010

Receptors for sheep erythrocytes, for the Fc part of IgG (FcyR) and IgM (FcμR), and for components of activated human complement C3 (C3bR and C3dR) in thymus tissue from fetuses, infants and children were studied using haemadsorption to cryostat sections in a closed chamber. Sheep erythrocytes (SE) did not adhere to sections of thymus from fetuses at 10–11 weeks of gestation, adhered weakly between 14 and 20 weeks, while they adhered in a dense monolayer in older fetuses, in infants and in children, denser in the cortex than in the medulla. Ox erythrocytes (OE), sensitized with IgG to demonstrate FcyR, adhered focally to both cortical and medullary areas. The adherence was more pronounced to the sections of fetal thymus than to the sections from infants and children. OE, sensitized with IgM to demonstrate FcμR, adhered focally to all thymus tissue sections, preferentially to the cortex. The adherence was most pronounced in fetal thymus. SE, sensitized with IgM and coated with complement, adhered to sections of fetal thymus, but the density decreased markedly during fetal life. Indicator cells demonstrating C3bR adhered focally also to sections from infants and children, while indicator cells demonstrating C3dR did not adhere to sections from individuals older than 38 weeks of gestation. Indicator cells demonstrating C3bR and C3dR adhered both to cortex and medulla.
CAMPYLOBACTER ENTEROCOLITIS
Authors: Vesterby A. , Baandrup U. , Jacobsen N. O. , Albertsen K.
Published: August 2010

A case of campylobacter (CJC) enterocolitis is described. CJC was not recognized to be a human pathogen until a decade ago. Now it has emerged as being a major cause of enterocolitis in man. This is also true in Scandinavia. The report emphasizes the differential diagnostic problems towards ulcerative colitis in biopsy specimens from rectum.
SEGMENTAL LOCALIZATION OF KALLIKREIN‐LIKE PRO‐PHE‐ARG‐NAPHTHYLESTER IN THE RAT NEPHRON
Authors: Kimuray Kenjiro
Published: August 2010

A synthetic substrate for kallikrein, pro‐phe‐arg‐naphthylester, was used in order to identify histochemically kallikrein‐like enzyme‐containing segments of the nephron in the rat kidney. The localization was technically facilitated by comparing sections histochemically incubated with neighbouring freeze‐dried sections and by semiquantitative evaluation of the enzyme activity performed. In the proximal tubules, the enzyme activity increased from the first segment to the third segment which exhibited the most pronounced activity encountered. In the proximal convoluted tubules the enzyme activity was present mainly in the deep half of the cortex. This was generally weaker in the other segments of the nephron where enzyme activity was present. In the descending thin limb of Henle, weak activity was noticed in a few initial segments. However, in the ascending thick limb of Henle, more pronounced enzyme activity was shown. In the macula densa, the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, very weak activity was observed in a few segments. Below the demarcation between the outer stripe and the inner stripe of the medulla, no enzyme activity was noticed. This is the first description of the exact tubular localizations of kallikrein‐like enzyme activity in the nephron.
VARIATIONS IN KALLIKREIN‐LIKE ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE RAT NEPHRON DURING SALT‐LOAD AND SALT‐DEPLETION
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro
Published: August 2010

Histochemical changes in kallikrein‐like activity in the rat nephron induced by chronic salt‐load or saltdepletion were investigated semiquantitatively, using a synthetic substrate for kallikrein, pro‐phe‐argnaphthylester. The location of the changes in the different segments of the nephron was established by comparison with neighbouring freeze‐dried sections, where the various structures of the tubular segments were identified. The enzyme activity was graded semiquantitatively and the percentage of tubular segments possessing enzyme ectivity was recorded. In salt‐loaded rats, the enzyme activity in the deep half of the renal cortex was decreased in the first and second segments of the proximal tubule as well as in the third segment in the cortex. In salt‐depleted rats, the enzyme activity in the deep half of the renal cortex was also decreased in the first segment of the proximal tubule as well as in the third segment in the cortex. In contrast, the enzyme activity in the second segment of the proximal tubule was increased in the superficial cortex as well as in the deep cortex. Furthermore, in the salt‐depleted rats the enzyme activity was decreased in the cortical part of the ascending thick limb of Henle, but increased in the medullary part. In the superficial part of the cortex, the enzyme activity was decreased in the distal convoluted tubule. In the kidneys from both salt‐loaded and salt‐depleted rats, the differences in enzyme activity between zones ‐ such as found in the normal kidney ‐ disappeared in the case of the first and second segments of the proximal tubule. However, in the other segments of the nephron, the zonal differences were preserved in both experimental conditions.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LESIONS IN LIGHTMICROSCOPICALLY DEFINED TYPES OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Olsen Steen , Bohman Sven‐Olof , Hestbech Jytte , Gundersen Hans Jørgen G. , Petersen Villy Posborg , Deguchi Nobuhiro , Maunsbach Arvid B.
Published: August 2010

Current classification of glomerulonephritis (GN) is based primarily on light microscopical (LM) histopathological criteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and severity of a number of electron microscopical (EM) lesions in different LM defined classes of GN in order to determine the degree of homogeneity of these classes and the degree of specificity of various EM lesions seen in GN. The analysis was performed using a blind, systematic and semiquantitative method and applied on 91 consecutive biopsies from patients with GN as well as on 11 reference biopsies. Most of the EM lesions were not restricted to a single or a few light microscopically defined classes of GN. EM lesions having direct LM counterparts used as classification criteria were generally present with high scores in the corresponding LM classes but were also present in other types of GN. When the EM‐findings were compared with our original classification of the 91 biopsies it was found that about 13% of all biopsies were classified erroneously using only LM. Thus, the groups obtained with the presently used LM classification system are quite heterogenous with respect to ultrastructure and probably with respect to pathogenesis. On the other hand, it appears that many ultrastructural lesions display a more or less continuous spectrum of changes which therefore are difficult to use for classification purposes.
OCCURRENCE OF HEPATITIS B‐SURFACE ANTIGEN IN A CONSECUTIVE MATERIAL OF 1539 LIVER BIOPSIES
Authors: Thomsen Per , Clausen Per Prætorius
Published: August 2010

The frequency and occurrence of hepatitis B‐surface antigen (HBsAg) in 1539 consecutive liver biopsies were determined using orcein staining as screening method. In HBsAg seropositive cases sections were in addition stained with immunoperoxidase staining for HBsAg in order to reassure the presence of HBsAg in liver cells. HBsAg was demonstrated in 36 biopsies (2.3%). The highest frequency was found in biopsies with chronic hepatitis (28%). In biopsies with slight non‐specific changes 10% and in cirrhotic 4.5% contained HBsAg. HBsAg was not detected in biopsies with acute hepatitis. No correlation was found between the number of HBsAg containing cells in the biopsies and the histological/biochemical activity in the liver. It is concluded that orcein staining of ground‐glass appearance is a highly specific HBsAg marker. The sensitivity is about 80% in cases with minimal changes, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The method is unsuitable as etiological marker in cases with acute hepatitis.
ALCOHOLIC NEUROPATHY AND HEPATOPATHY IN MICE
Authors: Juntunen Juhani , Matikainen Esko , Nickels Juha , Ylikahri Reino , Sarviharju Maija
Published: August 2010

Seventeen young adult C57BL male mice were given 15% (w/v) solution of ethanol as their sole drinking fluid for seven to nine months. C57BL male mice given regular drinking water were used as controls. After decapitation samples from the livers and the sciatic nerves of the mice were processed for electron microscopy and morphometry. The ultrastructural analysis revealed slight alterations in the nerves of the ethanol‐exposed mice. The changes were mostly in the Schwann cells. Pathological Schwann cell‐axon relationships were also more abundant in the ethanol‐exposed mice. The thickness distribution of the myelinated nerve fibers was similar in the exposed and the control mice. The transverse‐sectional area of hepatocytes was greater in the mice on ethanol than in the controls. The volume density of lipid vacuoles of the liver cells was significantly increased in the mice treated with ethanol (p < 0.001). The hepatic changes indicate a significant effect of ethanol on the liver. The findings suggest that, in mice, chronic peroral treatment with ethanol can produce slight changes suggesting peripheral neuropathy together with fatty metamorphosis of the liver.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL GRADING IN SOFT‐TISSUE TUMOURS
Authors: Myhre‐Jensen O. , Kaae S. , Madsen E. HjøLlund , Sneppen O.
Published: August 2010

A system for histopathological grading of malignancy in soft‐tissue sarcoma is described in detail, and the importance of the grade of tumour in predicting survival is demonstrated in a consecutive series of 261 surgically treated patients with sarcoma of the somatic soft tissue. Mitosis index is the main discriminating criterion. Delay in fixation, for instance in large specimens, may cause an artificially low mitosis index calling for the need of other criteria, too, reflecting grade of malignancy: cellularity, anaplasia, number of pycnotic and/or fragmented nuclei. There is a significant difference in survival between the three grades, 10 years survival with surgical treatment alone is 97%, 57% and 29% for grades 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
GASTRIN PRODUCTION FOLLOWING ANTRECTOMY
Authors: Nielsen H. Overgaard , Lauritsen K. , Hansen M. Gr. Jeppe , Christiansen L. A.
Published: August 2010

Fifteen patients were studied 3 to 35 years after antrectomy, with a gastroduodenal (Billroth I (BI)) anastomosis in 8, and a gastrojejunal (Billroth II (BII)) anastomosis in 7. The investigations included gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin response to feeding and immunohistochemical search for gastrin‐producing cells in gastric remnant mucosal biopsies. All of the patients had hypochlorhydria. The gastrin response to feeding was minimal. Apart from a significantly higher value of serum gastrin 3 hours post‐prandial in BI operated as compared to BII operated patients, no greater differences were found in the gastrin production between the two groups of patients. No gastrin‐producing cells could be identified in the gastric remnant, not even in areas of pseudopyloric metaplasia. It is concluded that the gastrin production following antrectomy is caused by extragastric G‐cells; these cells are poorly stimulated by food, and do not respond to hypochlorhydria with hypergastrinaemia.
TUMOURS IN ICELAND
Authors: Hallgriamsson Jonas , Thorarinsson Hjalti , Tulinius Hrafn
Published: August 2010

All malignant epithelial tumours of the lung submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955–1974, and available for review, were typed histologically according to the World Health Organization Classification originally published in 1967 and later revised and republished in 1981. The series includes 355 tumours, 217 from males and 138 from females, and 78 per cent of all registered malignant tumours of the lung. Among males the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was about equal and adenocarcinoma was in the third place. Among females the incidence of adenocarcinoma was the highest and that of small cell carcinoma in second place, other types being much less frequent. During the period there was a rise in the incidence of all the major histological types in both sexes and the greatest rise was in adenocarcinoma, where the incidence doubled in males and tripled in females. Among European nations the incidence of lung carcinoma is the lowest for Icelandic males and the highest for Icelandic females. There is a close correlation between the sale of cigarettes and the incidence of lung carcinoma in Iceland. Among those lung carcinoma patients with known smoking histories, all with small cell carcinoma, almost all with squamous cell carcinoma and four out of five with adenocarcinoma were smokers.
SINGLE‐STRAIN REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF CEPHALOTHIN‐SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING AND DETERMINATION OF INTERPRETIVE BREAKPOINTS
Authors: KRONVALL GÖRAN , PETERSSON ANN‐CATHRINE , LJUNGGREN KARIN , SOLTESZ VASILE
Published: August 2010

Histogram analysis of inhibition zone diameters around the 30 üg cephalothin disk for E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae in samples from 1975 to 1982 showed a marked reproducibility of the disk‐diffusion antibiotic‐susceptibility test in the routine laboratory. A comparison of interpretive breakpoints with histograms for E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci, and S. faecalis showed a higher proportion of possible misinterpretations using the breakpoints of the Swedish Reference Group, SRG, as compared to international (NCCLS) breakpoints. Further analysis using single‐strain regression analysis revealed two major causes of interpretive errors. Firstly, the laboratory‐related regression line for a bacterial species can be different from the general regression line of the reference laboratory. This difference has to be corrected by using species‐related breakpoints. For E. coli, a species‐specific breakpoint was determined to R = > 13 mm. Secondly, MIC limits recommended for the susceptibility categories of cephalothin by SRG are lower than the international limits and close to the true MIC values of many bacterial isolates, leading to misinterpretations due to the methodological variation. These studies suggest an adoption of international MIC limits for the susceptibility categories of cephalothin in Scandinavia. The »I« category should denote an indeterminate zone. A multi‐laboratory quality control assessment using histogram analysis is recommended with optional single‐strain regression analysis to determine breakpoints for problem combinations of bacterial species and antibiotics.
A MICROCOMPUTER‐ASSISTED BACTERIOLOGY REPORTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: MØLLER JENS K.
Published: August 2010

A microcomputer system for recording and reporting all specimens processed by a routine laboratory of clinical bacteriology is described. The system is based upon two multi‐user microcomputers and all functions are carried out within the laboratory by the medical, technical and clerical staff. Data are recorded using visual display units (VDU*s) and the laboratory has issued about 2700 final reports per week since January 1981. Data on all specimens are kept for immediate recall on a VDU for a period of about 6 weeks and herafter stored on floppy disks. The computer system also produces laboratory statistics for internal use, epidemiological information for the surveillance of nosocomial infections, and makes accounting information for the accountants office.
RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE FINGERPRINTING OF CHROMOSOMAL DNA OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
Authors: FALK EDVARD S. , BJORVATN BJARNE , DANIELSSON DAN , KRISTIANSEN BJØRN‐ERIK , MELBY KJETIL , SØRENSEN BIRGER
Published: August 2010

Twenty gonococcal isolates representing different serovars of the protein IA & IB serogroups, as determined by co‐agglutination with monoclonal antibodies, were investigated by the restriction enzyme (RE) technique with Hind III enzyme. The patterns resulting from RE digestion and subsequent electrophoresis of the DNA fragments in gel consisted of 40–45 bands. Eight RE patterns were observed among ten of the protein IA strains representing three serovars with an identical pattern for three strains of the same serovar with positive epidemiology. Seven RE patterns were observed among ten of the protein IB strains representing five serovars with identical patterns for each of three pairs with available positive epidemiology for two of them. Seven samples from the same bacterial clone extracted and digested separately showed identical band patterns. The genetic stability was illustrated by identical patterns through 41 passages in vitro and by the same band pattern of the various virulent and avirulent colony morphology variants of a particular gonococcal strain. The results show that RE analysis of the gonococcal DNA genome is well suited as an adjunct to phenotypic markers in epidemiological studies of gonorrhoea.
BENIGN SOLITARY NEURILEMOMA (SCHWANNOMA)
Authors: DAHL INGVAR , HAGMAR BJÖRN , IDVALL INGRID
Published: August 2010

A correlative histological and cytological study of 28 cases of solitary neurilemoma is presented. The typical histological mixture of Antoni type A and B tissue correlated well with the cytological findings. In the smears, the Antoni type A tissue was represented by tissue fragments with a fibrillar ground substance and slender, spindle‐shaped cells forming obvious Verocay bodies in 24 cases, and the Antoni type B tissue by loose, microcystic fragments with single, elongated nuclei sometimes looking like fish‐hooks and with indistinct, slender, cytoplasmic processes. The ancient neurilemomas, a variant of the ordinary neurilemomas, in this series were characterised both histologically and cytologically by nuclear hyperchromasia and polymorphism, which it is important to be aware of in order to avoid an erronous diagnosis of sarcoma or probable sarcoma. The differential diagnosis is discussed and it is concluded that diagnosis of neurilemoma by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is possible, particularly when Verocay bodies and/or a fibrillar ground substance are present in the smears. It is stressed that fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is an important aid to pre‐operative diagnosis of neurilemoma, and thus to planning of the operative treatment.
A CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF 30 MALIGNANT SCHWANNOMAS
Authors: BOJSEN‐MØLLER MARIE , MYHRE‐JENSEN OLAF
Published: August 2010

Thirty malignant schwannomas from an 18‐year period were studied, and the patients were divided into 3 groups: one with Recklinghausen'sdisease, one with tumours related to nerves but without Recklinghausen's disease and finally one with a histopathology best compatible with malignant schwannoma. On all tumours a histopathological grading was performed, and all except two were found to be high‐grade malignant. The follow‐up is from 2 to 20 years, and only two of the living patients have not yet been followed for 5 years. One patient has been lost during the follow‐up period. In the remaining 27 patients the 5‐year survival is 48%. The factors essential to the prognosis are: the tumour localization, size, grade of malignancy and radical surgical treatment. The coexistence of Recklinghausen's disease and malignant schwannoma seems not in itself to give a worse prognosis; it is rather the large tumours and unfavourable localizations in this group of patients that shortens the survival, the 5‐year survival being 37.5%.
DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN THE BILLROTH II RESECTED STOMACH 27–35 YEARS POST‐OPERATIVELY
Authors: GRÉM NIELS , FISCHER ANDERS B. , BECK HENNING
Published: August 2010

In a previous endoscopic follow‐up examination of patients who 22–30 years before had undergone Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer the prevalence of dysplasia and carcinoma of the gastric remnant was 14.8 and 0%, respectively. In this second follow‐up study five years later the figures had increased to 30.3 and 5.6%. It is uncertain whether these changes result from the higher number of biopsies taken at the re‐examination or reflect a time‐dependent rise in the morbidity. Although the observed prevalences may seem high, we do not find prophylactic endoscopic examination of such patients indicated, as other investigations by us have shown that the series of Billroth II resected patients under study does not show excess incidence or excess mortality of gastric carcinoma.
EFFECT OF SMOKING ON THE FETAL CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: LEHTOVIRTA P. , PESONEN E. , SARNA S.
Published: August 2010

The effects of maternal smoking on the fetal coronary arteries were studied in 50 babies who died during the first month of life. The intimal layers of the coronary arteries of babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were smaller than those of babies of non‐smoking mothers. The difference was independent of sex, birthweight, heartweight and infection. Tobacco smoking seems to prevent normal development of the intimal layer of fetal coronary arteries.
Binding of Lectins to Streptococcus Mitis Cells
Authors: Abaas Saleem
Published: August 2010

Previous studies have shown that the mechanism of spontaneous aggregation of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 depends on a lectin‐ligand type interaction. To study the specificity of the ligand, the binding of a number of lectins of different sugar specificies to the surface of untreated, trypsin and β‐galactosidasetreated bacteria was studied by assessing aggregation. Untreated bacteria were rapidly aggregated by concanavalin A (Con A), wheat‐germ agglutination (WGA) and helix pomatia lectin (HPL). Other lectins tested, e.g. peanut agglutinin and soy bean lectin, did not induce aggregation. Lectin‐induced aggregation was distinguished from the spontaneous one by recording the course of aggregation and inhibition of lectins by specific sugars. Trypsin‐treated bacteria lost their ability for both spontaneous and lectin‐induced aggregation. β‐galactosidase‐treated bacteria were aggregated only in the presense of Con A and HPL. The bacteria retained their ability for spontaneous aggregation after removal of lectins and inhibitory sugars. These findings suggest that ligand is of glycoprotein nature, since it was removed from the bacterial surface by treatment with trypsin, as shown by the inability of treated cells for both spontaneous and lectin‐induced aggregation. Partial degradation of the carbohydrate part of the ligand is indicated by the ability of β‐galactosidase‐treated bacteria to aggregate in the presence of Con A and HPL.
Studies On Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hansen Bente Gahrn , Rosendal Kirsten
Published: August 2010

Hypotheses for the origin of multiply‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococci from 146 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were tested. All received cephalothin per‐operatively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, phage‐typing, bio‐typing, and test for Tween‐80‐splitting enzyme were used to characterize 132 isolates from nose swabs. Seventy‐five percent of the pre‐operative susceptible isolates were of biotype 1, while biotypes 3 and 4 made up 59% of the post‐operative, multiply‐resistant isolates. Fifty‐three percent of the isolates were typable by phage‐typing. Typability of isolates of biotype 1 was high (56%) while almost 75% of biotype 4 were untypable. Susceptible isolates were more often typable than multiply‐resistant ones. Of the 146 patients, 105 (72%) carried coagulase‐negative staphylococci pre‐operatively, only two of them carried multiply‐resistant strains. Fifty‐nine patients (41%) were colonized with multiply‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococci post‐operatively. By combining the results of bio‐typing, phage‐typing, and test for Tween‐splitting enzyme the study made it probable that a maximum of ten patients (6.8%) already carried multiply‐resistant strains on admission to the hospital or were carriers of initially susceptible strains which developed multiple‐resistance during administration of antibiotics. It therefore seemed likely that most of the patients were deprived of their natural bacterial flora by antibiotic treatment and subsequently colonized post‐operatively with multiply‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococci from the environment.
Correlation Between Adhesion of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria to Cell Surfaces and the Presence of Some Factors Related to Virulence
Authors: Øgaard A. R. , Bjøro K. , Bukholm G. , Berdal B. P.
Published: August 2010

Recent isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and 12‐month‐old subcultivated variants of the same strains have been assayed for adhesiveness to HEp‐2 cells. P. aeruginosa adhesion factors were located both to the bacterial surface and extracellularly. Generally, loss of adhesiveness upon subcultivation could be restituted by adding extracellular factor from the recent isolate. While the extracellular adhesins were neutralized by non‐specific serum factors, the surface‐bound adhesins of a recent isolate were blocked by antibodies only.
Exotoxin A From Various Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Cultures: In Vitro Activity Measured by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Øgaard Alain R. , Jr. Stanley J. Cryz , Berdal Bjørn P.
Published: August 2010

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (toxin A) was developed. The level of toxin A produced by fresh P. aeruginosa isolates was compared to the level of toxin A produced by twelve‐months‐old subcultures derived from the same strains. Results obtained with the ELISA showed that toxin A was produced in similar amounts both by the fresh isolates and the subcultures. The production of toxin A seems to represent a stable property of the assayed P. aeruginosa strains. This is in contrast to other exoproducts from the same strains, such as extracellular proteinases. Some proteinases were produced at very different levels when freshly isolated P. aeruginosa cultures were compared with their twelve‐months‐old counterparts, confirming earlier reports in this respect.
Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus Sanguis
Authors: Gaustad P.
Published: August 2010

Of 46 viridans streptococci isolated from cases of probably true bacteremia, 26 strains or 56% could be grouped serologically in the Lancefield system. Eight strains (17%) were identified as serogroup H (characteristic of Streptococcus sanguis), ten strains (22%) as serogroup W (a new group antigen found in S. sanguis) and eight strains (17%) as serogroup K (related to S. mitis (mitior)). The high number of serogroupable viridans streptococci was specially due to the introduction of serogroup W and indicates the importance of this serogroup in cases of bacteremia. A set of six diagnostic tests (production of hydrogen peroxide, arginine and esculin hydrolysis, polysaccharide production, Voges‐Proskauer reaction, mannitol fermentation) was used for speciation of the viridans streptococci; in addition, search for spreading zones around the colonies was included in the diagnostic procedure. Spreading zones were only present in S. sanguis and occurred more frequently in group H strains than group W strains. The 46 viridans streptococci were tested in genetic transformation. The prevalence of spontaneous competence in strains isolated from the blood was high, particularly in S. sanguis serogroup H (88%) and W (50%). For serogroup H, spontaneous competence was found as frequently among invasive strains as among carrier isolates previously studied.
Antibody Response Against Whole Staphylococcus Aureus In Patients With Staphylococcal Septicaemia and Endocarditis Investigated By ELISA
Authors: Jarløv J. O. , Christensson B. , Espersen F. , Hertz J. B. , Hedström S.A.
Published: August 2010

A whole cell Staphylococcus aureus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG antibodies against S. aureus has been developed. To avoid non‐specific binding of IgG to protein A, the protein A‐poor strains of S. aureus, E 1369 and Wood 46, were used as antigens. Onehundred and eighty serum samples from 120 patients with S. aureus endocarditis, non S. aureus endocarditis, S. aureus septicaemia and non S. aureus septicaemia were tested together with sera from 155 healthy controls. The sensitivity was similar for the E 1369 ELISA and the Wood 46 ELISA and positive test values were detected in 84.2% of patients with S. aureus endocarditis and 41.2% of patients with complicated S. aureus septicaemia. No distinction could be found between complicated and uncomplicated S. aureus septicaemia. The E 1369 ELISA was more specific showing cross reactions with sera from patients infected with other bacteria than S. aureus in 3.6%. Furthermore, the reproducibility was better for the E 1369 ELISA with a coefficient of variation at 0.054. The absence of need for purified antigens makes the whole S. aureus ELISA easy, rapid and cheap. Therefore, we suggest the whole S. aureus ELISA as a good alternative to previously reported assays using purified cell wall antigens.
Affinity Chromatography for Purification of Antibodies to the Serotype 15 and 16 Proteins of Meningococci
Authors: Brakstad Odd. G. , Méland Johan A.
Published: August 2010

Immunoadsorbent chromatography is described as a method to purify from rabbit antisera antibodies specific for protein serotype antigens of meningococci, exemplified by antibodies to the serotype 15 and P1.16 proteins, respectively.
CLEARANCE OF BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN VIVO
Authors: SVEEN KJELL
Published: August 2010

The clearance of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides fragilis was studied, using wound chambers implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. The primary skin inflammatory reaction, the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test and the haemagglutination inhibition test all demonstrated a more rapid elimination of LPS from the wound chambers after the second injection, compared to the elimination rate after the first injection given three days earlier. The clearance rate of LPS was significantly higher (0.003 ≥ p ≥ 0.0006) and the number of accumulated leukocytes in the inflammatory exudate significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) after the second injection. Antibodies to B. fragilis LPS in the exudate before the second endotoxin injection was of the 19S IgM class. This suggests that phagocytes in the granulation tissue lining the chamber walls may be of importance in the elimination of endotoxin.
ENZYME‐LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTI‐MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODIES
Authors: MOURITSEN SøREN , HøIER‐MADSEN MIMI , DEMANT ERLAND J. F. , PERMIN HENRIK
Published: August 2010

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of human auto antibodies to mitochondria (AMA). The ELISA was compared to the previous routine method – indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF) – and optimized for the specific detection of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Sera from 72 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 10 sera positive for anti‐cardiolipin antibodies from patients with syphilis, 9 patients with drug‐induced pseudolupus erythematosus, 19 patients with non‐alcoholic chronic active hepatitis, 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 100 healthy blood‐donors were examined for AMA by both methods. The nosological sensitivity for the ELISA method was comparable to the IIF. The ELISA method was accurate, precise, inexpensive and well‐suited as a diagnostic screening method for AMA when primary biliary cirrhosis is suspected. Furthermore, ELISA methods require less experience of the observer than IIF.
ANTIBODIES TO LIPOTEICHOIC ACID FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Specificity of Murine Monoclonal and Human Antibodies
Authors: AASJORD PER , HAAHEIM LARS R.
Published: August 2010

Two monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were made by fusing P3X63Ag8 myeloma cells and splenocytes from mice immunized with purified LTA. Both were isotyped as being IgM. Their specificities were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays indicating that both antibodies reacted with the glycerol‐phosphate backbone, while one of them also had some affinity for the alanyl substituent. Antibodies in serum from 7 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 7 non‐MS patients apparently reacted with the sugar moiety of LTA. In contrast, CSF antibodies from 6 of the 7 MS patients and 1 of the 7 non‐MS patients had affinity for the alanine residue. This non‐MS patient also had serum antibodies against the alanine residue. None of the other sera tested appeared to contain such antibodies.
PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL HYBRIDOMA ANTIBODIES TO MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: SCHOU C. , YUAN Z. L. , ANDERSEN A. B. , BENNEDSEN J.
Published: August 2010

The production and partial characterization of monoclonal hydridoma antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described. 30 clones have been produced. Their reactivity towards M. tuberculosis antigens have been tested in immunoblotting from SDS‐PAGE, in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and in ELISA. The Mab's separated into four reactivity groups, one of which may be relevant in assays for antigen specific for M. tuberculosis.
STEREOLOGY OF THE RAT KIDNEY DURING COMPENSATORY RENAL HYPERTROPHY
Authors: SEYER‐HANSEN K. , GUNDERSEN H. J. G. , ØSTERBY R.
Published: August 2010

Different renal structures were studied during the initial phases of compensatory renal hypertrophy. Four days after unilateral nephrectomy, kidney weight had increased by 31%, total glomerular volume by 17%, and glomerular filtration surface by 10%. After 24 days, kidney weight had increased by 44%, glomerular volume by 24%, and filtration area by 22%. The proximal tubules increased their cell volume and diameter significantly after four days (30% and 11%), but tubular length did not increase until later. We conclude that during compensatory renal hypertrophy glomerular growth is less pronounced than tubular growth, and that the increase in filtration surface area is not sufficient to explain the increased glomerular filtration rate after nephrectomy. Proximal tubules initially grow transversally and only later on longitudinally, the two growth phases possibly corresponding to cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
PROSTATIC CARCINOMA REPRODUCIBILITY OF HISTOLOGIC GRADING
Authors: SVANHOLM HANS , MYGIND HENRIK
Published: August 2010

The inter‐ and intraobserver variations of the histologic grading systems of prostatic carcinoma proposed by Gleason and by BÖcking et al. were tested by the authors. Both grading systems have previously been shown to have good correlation with prognosis. After studying 91 cases of prostatic carcinomas, the interobserver agreements of the Gleason pattern score and the BÖcking combined grade were found to be 36% and 69% respectively. Both observers regraded 31 randomly selected prostatic carcinomas. With the Gleason pattern score intraobserver agreements of 65% and 42% were found, whereas the intraobserver agreements of the BÖcking combined grade were 90% and 71% respectively. Since the percentages of inter‐ and intraobserver agreements were higher with the system of BÖcking et al., this system is recommended prior to the system of Gleason as a means of evaluating the prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma.
THE EFFECT OF STRONTIUM AND MANGANESE ON FRESHLY ISOLATED CHONDROCYTES
Authors: SVENSSON OLLE , HJERPE ANDERS , REINHOLT FINN P. , WIKSTRÖM BO , ENGFELDT BENGT
Published: August 2010

The effect of Strontium (Sr) and Manganese (Mn) was studied on freshly isolated chondrocytes obtained from costal cartilage of young male rats. Cells isolated from rats rendered rachitic by oral exposure to Sr or Mn exhibited a decreased synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen as judged by incorporation of 35SO4 and 3H proline. In vitro exposure of chondrocytes from untreated (control) animals to Sr or Mn at concentrations comparable to those found in cartilage from Sr and Mn rachitic rats, lowered the O2 consumption in both groups, but only Sr had any influence on the other parameters studied.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF IRON IN HUMAN BONE MARROW PLASMA CELLS
Authors: BLOM JENS
Published: August 2010

Ferritin was demonstrated by electron microscopy in bone marrow plasma cells of four patients with multiple myeloma and in one patient with another malignant disease. The ferritin molecules were present in membrane bound vesicles and freely dispersed in the cytoplasm. The plasma cells were often localized around and in close contact with dendritic macrophages, which frequently were laden with ferritin. In some of these plasma cells ferritin was seen at specialized contact zones with macrophage extensions.
DISTRIBUTION OF TYPE 1 AND 2 BLOOD GROUP CHAINS IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ODONTOGENIC EPITHELIUM DEFINED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR LEa AND H TYPE 2
Authors: VEDTOFTE POUL
Published: August 2010

This study describes the distribution of type 1 and type 2 blood group carbohydrate chains in human normal and pathological odontogenic epithelia and in epithelia of human oral mucosa. Odontogenic epithelium was examined from 12 fetal tooth germs, 25 ameloblastomas, 13 odontogenic keratocysts, 13 follicular cysts and 13 radicular cysts. Oral mucosal epithelia was studied from 12 fetuses and 10 adults. Cell surface carbohydrates were detected using antibodies with reactivity for the blood group antigens A, B, type 1 chain Lea and type 2 chain H by an immunofluorescence technique. The expression of Lea and H type 2 chain in fetal palatal epithelium and only H type 2 chain in adult palatal epithelium suggests that a change in synthesis of blood group chains occurs during development. Type 2 blood group chains (antigen H) were found in fetal tooth germs, type 1 (Lea) in ameloblastomas and both type 1 and type 2 in odontogenic cysts. These results indicate that a modulation in synthesis of blood group carbohydrates has occurred in ameloblastomas and odontogenic cysts as compared with the cells from which the lesions presumably are developed. It is suggested that ameloblastomas may be distinguished from odontogenic cysts by the inability of ameloblastomas to synthesize type 2 blood group chains and antigens A and B.
MYOCARDIAL CHANGES IN RATS WITH LITHIUM‐INDUCED URAEMIA
Authors: BAANDRUP ULRIK , BAGGER JENS PEDER , CHRISTENSEN STEN
Published: August 2010

The possible effects of lithium on myocardial morphology were studied at the light‐microscopic level in three different rat models: (i) rats with chronic renal failure due to lithium administration for 8–16 weeks after birth, (ii) normal, adult rats treated with lithium for 16 weeks, and (iii) new‐born rats exposed to lithium in their prenatal life. Morphological changes were found in 57% of the male rats with lithium‐induced uraemia after lithium administration for 16 weeks postnatally. The changes comprised myocytic degeneration and necrosis associated with infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells. This morphological picture is different from the myocardial changes associated with chronic renal failure. Male rats with chronic uraemia after withdrawal of lithium 8 weeks postnatally showed no myocardial changes after 16 weeks. Also, male rats with normal renal function had no myocardial changes after 16 weeks on lithium, but these rats had a significantly lower plasma level of lithium than the lithium‐uraemic rats (0.8 vs. 1.4 mmol/1).

It is suggested that myocarditis was a consequence of persistent high plasma levels of lithium maintained in the lithium‐uraemic rats and that cardiotoxic effects of lithium may be potentiated by concomitant renal failure.