bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin supplementation reduces nighttime blood pressure but does not affect blood pressure reactivity in normotensive adults on a high-sodium diet
Authors: Ramos Gonzalez Macarena , Axler Michael R. , Kaseman Kathryn E. , Lobene Andrea J. , Farquhar William B. , Witman Melissa A. , Kirkman Danielle L. , Lennon Shannon L.
Published: August 2023

BP reactivity was assessed during isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise, postexercise ischemia (PEI), and the cold pressor test (CPT) after 10 days of a high-sodium diet with and without melatonin supplementation. Melatonin did not alter BP reactivity in healthy normotensive men and women. However, melatonin did decrease nighttime peripheral and central systolic BP, suggesting it may be beneficial in lowering BP even in those with a normal BP.
Genetics and biology of coloration in reptiles: the curious case of the Lemon Frost geckos
Authors: Guo Longhua , Kruglyak Leonid
Published: August 2023

Although there are more than 10,000 reptile species, and reptiles have historically contributed to our understanding of biology, genetics research into class Reptilia has lagged compared with other animals. Here, we summarize recent progress in genetics of coloration in reptiles, with a focus on the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. We highlight genetic approaches that have been used to examine variation in color and pattern formation in this species as well as to provide insights into mechanisms underlying skin cancer. We propose that their long breeding history in captivity makes leopard geckos one of the most promising emerging reptilian models for genetic studies. More broadly, technological advances in genetics, genomics, and gene editing may herald a golden era for studies of reptile biology.
Analysis of microRNA expression in rat kidneys after VEGF inhibitor treatment under different degrees of hypoxia
Authors: Xu Yaya , Zhu Yueniu , Xu Jiayue , Mao Haoyun , Li Jiru , Zhu Xiaodong , Kong Xiangmei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: August 2023

Renal tolerance to hypoxic environments is limited, and the degree of hypoxia does not show a linear relationship with angiogenesis. VEGF plays an important role in the kidney’s self-protective mechanism under different levels of hypoxia. miR-124-3p may be particularly important in kidney repair, and it may modulate VEGF expression through the miR-124-3p/Mapk14 signaling pathway. These microRNAs may serve as biomarkers that provide new insights into kidney injury treatment.
Dynamic Performance Improvement Using Model Reference Adaptive Control of Photovoltaic Systems under Fast-Changing Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Mindzie Yves Abessolo , Kenfack Joseph , Joseph Voufo , Nzotcha Urbain , Djanssou Dieudonné Marcel , Mbounguen Raphael
Published: August 2023

The effectiveness of a photovoltaic (PV) system can be increased by using maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The literature has suggested a number of methods for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). However, this number of methods most often presents a high convergence speed in reaching the MPP, complexity under their implementation, power fluctuations, overshoots, and great difficulty in reaching the MPP under fast-changing atmospheric conditions, thus influencing the efficiency of PV systems. Intending to improve the performance of PV systems under rapid changes in the atmosphere, this paper proposes model reference adaptive control (MRAC) as a technique for tracking the MPP based on the employ of reference models such as optimal voltage and current at the MPP (

V

MPP

and

I

MPP

). The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to produce the simulation results; the Kyocera Solar KC 130 GT module is used here as a photovoltaic power plant, connected to a boost converter, supplying a resistive load. The Lyapunov theory was used to demonstrate the stability of the system. The simulation outcomes obtained using the suggested method are compared with those obtained by techniques such as perturb and observe (P&O), incremental conductance (INC), variable step incremental conductance (VSINC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grey wolf optimization (GWO), thus showing a very large improvement under standard test and fast-changing atmospheric conditions of the technique proposed on the other techniques in terms of convergence speed and tracking efficiency. The simulation results prove that the suggested method has great tracking effectiveness (>99.88%), less time for convergence (<0.01 s), and simple implementation complexity under fast-changing atmospheric conditions without both transient and steady-state power oscillations, overshoots, and chattering effects, thus causing a great minimization of energy losses, and the proposed technique reaches exactly the MPP under fast-changing atmospheric conditions.
Quantification of Statistical Error in the Estimate of Strain Power Spectral Density Transmissibility for Operational Strain Modal Analysis
Authors: Sun Qian , Yan Wang-Ji , Ren Wei-Xin , Cao Lin-Bo , Wu Hai-Yi
Published: August 2023

The use of strain modes in structural health monitoring has been constantly increasing because of their superior sensitivity to local structural anomalies. This study aims to investigate the applicability and robustness of power spectral density transmissibility (PSDT) in operational strain modal analysis (OSMA). By noting that OSMA in the frequency domain is vulnerable to the error of spectral estimates, uncertainty quantification stemming from strain spectral estimates and the error propagation analysis in OSMA are conducted from an analytical perspective. The main contributions include the following: (i) the mean and variance of strain PSDT estimates are asymptotically derived based on statistical moment theory and the statistics of PSD estimate error, (ii) the coefficients of variation (c.o.v.) of the strain PSDT estimate and strain spectral estimates are compared with each other through asymptotic analysis to elaborate the robustness of strain PSDT, and (iii) the variability of the strain mode shape is quantified based on the asymptotic formula of strain PSDT estimates tending to local minima of asymptotic zero variance at the resonances. The accuracy and efficiency of the quantification and propagation analysis are validated through numerical and experimental test data accompanied by various parametric studies.
Enrichment of Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria in the Fecal Microbiota of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in North India
Authors: Juyal Garima , Sood Ajit , Midha Vandana , Singh Arshdeep , Singh Dharmatma , Mahajan Ramit , Verma Vijay , Bhatnagar Rakesh , Joshi Mohan C.
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have established the relationship between the gut microbiota and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, there is a scarcity of data on the fecal microbiome profile of patients with UC in the Indian population. This study aimed to examine the fecal microbiome profile of north Indian patients with UC (

n
=
105

), including with active disease (

n
=
64

) and in remission (

n
=
41

), compared to healthy controls (

n
=
36

), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both relative abundance analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed a significant enrichment of lactic acid-producing facultative anaerobic pathobionts, namely, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus, in patients with UC (both with active disease and those in remission). Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in anaerobic genera responsible for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, such as Blautia, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Differential metabolic pathway analysis using PICRUSt2 confirmed a loss of SCFAs production and increased lactose and nitrate metabolism in UC patients. Biochemical analysis of fecal samples confirmed the increased colonization of nitrate-reducing microbes in UC patients, suggesting inflammation-driven dysbiosis. LEfSe and PICRUSt2 analyses revealed an enrichment of Prevotella and Blautia microbes and the upregulation of two specific metabolic pathways, sulfolactate degradation and reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway-I, which can distinguish UC patients in remission from those with active disease. Our findings caution against the use of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LABs) and recommend the exploration of butyrate-producing microbes as probiotics to restore SCFAs levels in UC patients.
Identification of Risk Factors and Development of a Predictive Model for Postoperative Hypoglycemia among Diabetic Patients during the Perioperative Period
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Dai Jing , He Xiaodie , Li Jiaxi , Zhang Haixia , Ji Cheng
Published: August 2023

Objective. To explore the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative hypoglycemia in diabetic patients during the perioperative period and to construct a risk prediction model for postoperative hypoglycemia. Methods. Patients with T2DM admitted to the nonendocrinology department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from December 2019 to January 2022 were included as research subjects. Basic information, hospital blood glucose management methods, laboratory indicators, and surgery-related indicators were collected. A risk prediction model and scoring table for postoperative hypoglycemia in patients with perioperative diabetes mellitus were established. Results. A total of 440 patients were included, of which 109 had hypoglycemia, resulting in an incidence of postoperative hypoglycemia of 24.78%. The results show that preoperative C-peptide and operation duration were risk factors for postoperative hypoglycemia, while BMI and preoperative fasting blood glucose were protective factors. Conclusion. The model constructed in this study is a good method for evaluating the risk of postoperative hypoglycemia. The scoring table intuitively quantifies the risk of risk factors for outcome variables and has strong clinical practicability.
Group Analysis Explicit Power Series Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Time-Fractional Generalized Foam Drainage Equation
Authors: El Bahi Maria Ihsane , Hilal Khalid
Published: August 2023

In this study, the classical Lie symmetry method is successfully applied to investigate the symmetries of the time-fractional generalized foam drainage equation with the Riemann–Liouville derivative. With the help of the obtained Lie point symmetries, the equation is reduced to nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equations (NLFODEs) which contain the Erdélyi–Kober fractional differential operator. The equation is also studied by applying the power series method, which enables us to obtain extra solutions. The obtained power series solution is further examined for convergence. Conservation laws for this equation are obtained with the aid of the new conservation theorem and the fractional generalization of the Noether operators.
The Influence of Bleeding Direction on Starting Performance of Three-Dimensional Inward Turning Inlet
Authors: Gong Tianyu , Li Yiqing , Wei Feng , Wu Shiqichang , Cao Dehua
Published: August 2023

Bleeding is an effective method to improve the starting performance of the inlet, and the conventional method often adopts the bleeding to longitudinal direction. This article proposes the use of transversal bleeding method to explore the influence on starting capacity by changing the bleeding direction. The paper designs 6 bleeding inlets. By calculating the starting performance, it is found that the projected bleeding rate of the inlet, which is the direct factor influencing the starting performance, would change due to the direction change of bleeding, although designed with the same entrance. For the inlet designed with longitudinal slots and bleeding, it could reach the starting state at Mach 3.6, but it showed the unstart state when they are transversal direction. The same entrance, when inlet is designed by transversal bleeding with longitudinal slots, the starting Mach number would decrease to 3.8. For the changes of aerodynamic capabilities, there would be the “point jump” tendency when reaching starting state, but the same inlets would keep the similar performance when they get the starting state.
Theoretical Investigation of the Interplay of Superconductivity and Magnetism in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 Superconductor in a Two-Band Model by Using the Bogoliubov Transformation Formalism
Authors: Mebratie Gedefaw , Bekele Tigabu
Published: August 2023

The main focus of this article is to investigate the theoretical interplay of magnetism and superconductivity in a two-band model for the iron-based superconductor Ba1−xKxFe2As2. On the basis of experimental results, the two-band model Hamiltonian was considered. We obtained mathematical statements for the superconductor Ba1−xKxFe2As2 superconducting (SC) transition temperature, spin-density-wave (SDW), transition temperature, superconductivity order parameter, and SDW order parameter from the Bogoliubov transformation formalism and the model Hamiltonian. Furthermore, an expression for the dependence of the SDW transition temperature on the SDW order parameter and the dependence of the SC transition temperature on the SDW order parameter was obtained for Ba1−xKxFe2As2. By substituting the experimental and theoretical values of the parameters in the derived statements, phase diagrams of the SC transition temperature versus the SDW order parameter and the SDW transition temperature versus the SDW order parameters have been plotted to demonstrate the dependence of the SDW order parameter on transition temperatures. By combining the two-phase diagrams, we depicted the possible coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism for the Ba1−xKxFe2As2 superconductor. The phase diagrams of temperature versus SC order parameter and temperature versus SDW order parameter were also plotted to show the dependence of order parameters on temperature for the Ba1−xKxFe2As2 superconductor.
A Phase II Trial of Rivoceranib, an Oral Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor, for Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Ahn Myung-Ju , Muzaffar Jameel , Keam Bhumsuk , Bowles Daniel W. , Wong Deborah J. , Ho Alan L. , Kim Sung-Bae , Worden Francis , Yun Tak , Meng Xianzhang , Van Tornout Jan M. , Conlan Maureen G. , Kang Hyunseok
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This open-label, single-arm, phase II study evaluated the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) rivoceranib in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Patients and Methods:

Eligible patients had confirmed disease progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) with ≥20% increase in radiologically or clinically measurable lesions or appearance of new lesions within the preceding 6 months. Patients received oral rivoceranib 700 mg once daily. Primary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) by investigator review and by blinded independent review committee (BIRC).

Results:

Eighty patients were enrolled and 72 were efficacy evaluable. Seventy-four patients had distant metastases and 49 received prior systemic treatment (14 received VEGFR TKIs). Per investigator and BIRC, respectively, ORR was 15.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 7.9–25.7] and 9.7% (95% CI, 4.0–19.0); median duration of response was 14.9 months (95% CI, 4.9–17.3) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 3.5–8.4); and median progression-free survival was 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.3–11.5) and 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.7–11.5). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 56 patients (70.0%); the most common were hypertension (34, 42.5%) and stomatitis (6, 7.5%). Four grade 5 events occurred with one attributed to rivoceranib (epistaxis). Sixty-eight patients (85.0%) had ≥1 dose modifications and 16 patients (20.0%) discontinued rivoceranib for toxicity.

Conclusions:

In patients with progressing R/M ACC, rivoceranib demonstrated antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile consistent with other VEGFR TKIs.
A Multicentric Castleman Disease Associated with Mixed Warm and Cold Antibody-Mediated AHA Responsive to Siltuximab
Authors: Plano Federica , Mancuso Salvatrice , Camarda Giulia Maria , Butera Maria Giulia , Sucato Giuseppe , Alecci Giuseppe , Florena Ada Maria , Perrone Salvatore , Siragusa Sergio Mario
Published: August 2023

Castleman disease is non-clonal lymphoproliferative disorders defined by hypertrophy of lymph nodes. The multicentric form (MCD), in which multiple lymph node stations are involved, is not associated with HHV8 infection, but considered idiopathic, although IL-6 appears to play a central role in its pathogenesis. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented with mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and adenopathy that was very challenging to diagnose due to very low values of hemoglobin and refractoriness of obtaining any improvement of AIHA with standard first and second lines of therapy (steroids, rituximab, immunoglobulin, erythropoietin, and cyclosporine). When we safely proceeded to lymph node biopsy, a diagnosis of MCD was established. This permitted the treatment with siltuximab, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody. After only 1 week, hemoglobin raised and he was discharged. After 1 year, he was still in remission. This case underlines the challenges in diagnosis of MCD, and the first case of response to siltuximab after the failure of rituximab to relieve mixed AIHA.
Methods of a Study to Assess the Contribution of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Dementia Risk Alleles to Racial Disparities in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Sawyer Russell P. , Worrall Bradford B. , Howard Virginia J. , Crowe Michael G. , Howard George , Hyacinth Hyacinth I.
Published: August 2023

Background

Non‐Hispanic Black adults have a higher proportion of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias compared with non‐Hispanic White adults that may be due to differences in the burden of cerebral small vessel disease and risk alleles for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We describe here the methods of an ancillary study to the REGARDS (Reason for Geographic and and Racial Difference in Stroke) study, which will examine the role of magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease and vascular as well as genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in racial disparity in the prevalence and trajectory of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia in non‐Hispanic White and non‐Hispanic Black participants.

Methods

In participants with no prior history of stroke who had an incident stroke or transient ischemic attack after enrollment in the study, magnetic resonance imaging scans will be evaluated using the Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging international consensus criteria and automated analysis pipelines for quantification of cerebral small vessel disease. Participants will be genotyped for
APOE
ε4 and
TREM2
risk alleles for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The 6‐item screener will define global cognitive function and be the primary cognitive outcome.

Conclusions

With at least 426 non‐Hispanic Black and 463 non‐Hispanic White participants who have at least 2 prior and 2 poststroke or transient ischemic attack cognitive assessments, we will have at least 80% power to detect a minimum effect size of 0.09 SD change in
Z
score, with correction for as many as 20 tests (ie, at
P
<0.0025, after adjusting for up to 20 covariates) for cognitive decline.
Social Justice Challenges of “Teaching”
Languages
Authors: Valdés Guadalupe
Published: August 2023

This essay explores the challenges to linguistic justice resulting from widely held negative perspectives on the English of young Latinx bi/multilinguals and from common misunderstandings of individuals who use resources from two communicative systems in their everyday lives. I highlight the effects of these misunderstandings on Long-Term English Learners as they engage with the formal teaching of English. I specifically problematize language instruction as it takes place in classrooms and the impact of the curricularization of language as it is experienced by minoritized students who “study” language qua language in instructed settings.
Rethinking Language Barriers & Social Justice from a
Raciolinguistic Perspective
Authors: Rosa Jonathan , Flores Nelson
Published: August 2023

The trope of language barriers and the toppling thereof is widely resonant as a reference point for societal progress. Central to this trope is a misleading debate between advocates of linguistic assimilation and pluralism, both sides of which deceptively normalize dominant power structures by approaching language as an isolated site of remediation. In this essay, we invite a reconsideration of how particular populations and language practices are persistently marked, surveilled, and managed. We show how perceptions of linguistic diversity become sites for the reproduction of marginalization and exclusion, as well as how advocacy for language and social justice must move beyond celebrating linguistic diversity or remediating it. We argue that by interrogating the colonial and imperial underpinnings of widespread ideas about linguistic diversity, we can connect linguistic advocacy to broader political struggles. We suggest that language and social justice efforts must link affirmations of linguistic diversity to demands for the creation of societal structures that sustain collective well-being.
Identifying Alphabetic Compositions in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Justiss Joseph L.
Published: August 2023

Alphabetic acrostics (AA s) are a known phenomenon in the Hebrew Bible (HB). Recently, scholars have argued that other poems in the HB evidence “alphabetic thinking”, or some kind of consciousness of alphabet in their composition. Peter C. W. Ho has argued for what he calls alphabetic compositions (AC s), i.e., poems that are not proper acrostics but share common poetic devices with acrostics. In this article, I attempt to refine Ho’s list of common features of AA s and regroup them into macro-level and micro-level alphabet-imitating devices. With a clear understanding of these devices I test whether certain poems attempt to imitate the alphabet in their overall shape at macro-level as well as in their choice of words at micro-level. I argue that only when clear alphabet-imitating devices are present in both the form and the linguistic content of a poem can it be reliably identified as an AC. Finally, I problematize the use of AC s as a set of cross-referring poems designed to carry Psalter motifs by dealing with the possible presence of reworked and repurposed alphabetic poems in the Psalter.
Der Eigentumserwerb durch traditio
Authors: Kleňová Veronika
Published: August 2023

The acquisition of property by traditio, In addition, putative iusta causa traditionis and consequences for the doctrine of condictio. – The Justinian Digest contain a number of texts in which the traditio transfers ownership, although the ‘causa’ on account of which the delivery takes place, does not exist in fact. The paper attempts to show that this phenomenon cannot be explained through a broad acceptance of the putative causa traditionis, because the Roman concept of the traditio ex iusta causa differed from that of the ‘titulus-modus-doctrine’. The classical Roman law considered the iusta causa in most cases as the purpose of the delivery, for which the traditio was a means to achieve; the (non-)achievement of the intended purpose did not decide on the transfer of ownership, but only whether the recovery of the performance (condictio) was admissible. This shows the way Roman law favored the transfer of ownership.
« Aussy avant les filz que les filles, et les filles que les filz » : les droits successoraux des filles de famille dans la coutume de Liège et dans les actes de la pratique du xvie siècle
Authors: Silan Marie-Sophie
Published: August 2023

« Aussy avant les filz que les filles, et les filles que les filz » : inheritance rights of daughters according to the custom of Liège and in deeds of the 17th century. – In the 16th century, the customary law of Liège, a middle-sized estate of the Holy Roman Empire governed by a prince-bishop, excluded daughters from inheriting censal property located outside the ‘franchise’ of the states’ cities. However, such property – lands and buildings subjected to cens and annuities (‘cens’ and ‘rentes’) – often constituted a significant part of the parental estate. Aware of the issue, and of the risks that the law might lead to situations of conflicts, including legal proceedings, between their children, many parents, together or separately, derogated from the customary rule in their will. An aspect which has more rarely been brought to the fore by legal scholarship, marriage contracts were also a means to divide the inheritance equally among children.
‘Windscheid steht Paulus in nichts nach, und ist dabei für uns viel mehr wert als jener’
Authors: Bodura Ernest C.
Published: August 2023

‘Windscheid is in no way inferior to Paul, and in this he is worth much more to us than Paul’ – on Stanisław Wróblewski’s treatment of Pandectistics. – In his home country Poland Stanisław Wróblewski (1868–1938) is unanimously numbered among the jurists of the first rank in the extant literature on legal historiography. He is considered to be ‘the Polish Roman lawyer about whom the most has been written’. The admiration for Wróblewski’s scholarly oeuvre among Polish authors even goes as far as that he is often referred to as the ‘Polish Papinian’ in local literature. He is appreciated on the one hand for his expertise as a jurist and, on the other hand, for his mastery of the art of legal thought and argumentation, and finally for the depth of his legal analysis. In the context of this contribution, however, only the question of his relationship to the pandectism, including in particular his relationship to the university teaching of modern Roman law (pandect law), will be examined in more detail. Wróblewski is repeatedly associated with pandectism in legal historical literature. After all, he argued in favour of the continuation of Pandect lectures (pandect law), after the year 1900, i.e. even as the great epoch of pandectism was already drawing to a close. For this purpose, four texts from the years 1894 to 1916, in which Wróblewski explicitly addressed the problem of the relationship to pandectism or to modern Roman law (pandect law), will be analyzed in more detail.
Zum Irrtum des Erblassers im klassischen römischen Recht
Authors: Krükel Amon
Published: August 2023

On error of the testator in classical Roman law. – The paper discusses the different ways in which the classical Roman jurisprudence treated the testator’s error, be it a mistake concerning the choice of words, be it a false estimation of facts misleading the testator’s voluntas. In either case, the jurists may have treated the erroneous disposition as void or reformulated it according to the testator’s intention. However, it is shown that – contrary to some voices in the literature – no general rules on dealing with errores can be recognised. Rather, the Roman jurists and emperors decided each case on its own without referring to an underlying principle. It is only in the late classical period that some tendencies of an abstract thinking regarding this topic can be discerned.
Semi-Implicit Computation of Fast Modes in a Scheme Integrating Slow Modes by a Leapfrog Method Based on a Selective Implicit Time Filter
Authors: Moustaoui Mohamed , Barclay Bryce M. , Kostelich Eric J.
Published: August 2023

A scheme for integration of atmospheric equations containing terms with differing time scales is developed. The method employs a filtered leapfrog scheme utilizing a fourth-order implicit time filter with one function evaluation per time step to compute slow-propagating phenomena such as advection and rotation. The terms involving fast-propagating modes are handled implicitly with an unconditionally stable method that permits application of larger time steps and faster computations compared to fully explicit treatment. Implementation using explicit and recurrent formulation is provided. Stability analysis demonstrates that the method is conditionally stable for any combination of frequencies involved in the slow and fast terms as they approach the origin. The implicit filter used in the method damps the computational modes without noticeably sacrificing the accuracy of the physical mode. The O[(Δt4)] accuracy for amplitude errors achieved by the implicitly filtered leapfrog is preserved in applications where terms responsible for fast propagation are integrated with a semi-implicit method. Detailed formulation of the method for soundproof nonhydrostatic anelastic equations is provided. Procedures for implementation in global spectral shallow-water models are also given. Examples comparing numerical and analytical solutions for linear gravity waves demonstrate the accuracy of the scheme. The performance is also shown in more practical nonlinear applications, where numerical solutions accomplished by the method are evaluated against those computed from a scheme where the slow terms are handled by the third-order Runge–Kutta scheme. It demonstrates that the method is able to accurately resolve fine-scale dynamics of Kelvin–Helmholtz shear instabilities, the evolution of density current, and nonlinear drifts of twin tropical cyclones.
The Climatology, Vulnerability, and Public Perceptions Associated with Overlapping Tornado and Flash Flood Warnings in a Portion of the Southeast United States
Authors: Ellis Kelsey N. , First Jennifer M. , Strader Stephen M. , Grondin Nicholas S. , Burow Daniel , Medley Zachary
Published: August 2023

Simultaneous and overlapping tornadoes and flash floods are a meteorological hazard with complex societal implications as, when issued at the same time, tornado and flash flood warnings provide conflicting public safety advice. This work assessed potential tornado and flash flood (TORFF) events in a portion of the Southeast from an interdisciplinary perspective with a focus on the climatology, vulnerability, and public perceptions surrounding these hazards. Our results suggest that, in addition to the conflicting warning advice, TORFFs present a challenge to the public because they can occur at night or in cool seasons when they are least expected, though they are most common in spring. Also, the storms causing TORFFs are often not clearly organized, causing a forecast and communication challenge. The public responding to the tornado and flash flood warnings in our study area is more vulnerable to TORFFs than those in other areas and may lack vehicles and structures to respond safely to one or both hazard threats. Administered survey results suggest that many believe they know what protective actions to take in a TORFF, though they may not believe they are likely in their area. Those that believe they are likely are also more likely to feel prepared to respond. Many climatology and vulnerability characteristics vary between, and at times within, NWS county warning areas, highlighting the different communication and preparation needs across the region. Approximately a quarter of flash flood and tornado warnings overlap in the region for an average of 31 min. The frequency of TORFFs and their associated public safety challenges warrant continued investigation.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this work is to increase our understanding of overlapping tornado and flash flood events by studying them from a multidisciplinary perspective. We found that residents in the southeastern United States are especially vulnerable to overlapping tornado and flash floods. This vulnerability is heightened by the climatology of overlapping tornado and flash floods because they can occur when they are unexpected, for example, at night or in the winter, and the public perceptions of overlapping tornado and flash floods, which is that they may not be likely in their area. These findings are important because much of the Southeast includes a population vulnerable to overlapping tornado and flash floods who may be underestimating their risk, and therefore may be unprepared for an event that requires critical decision-making.
The Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Carotid Artery Plaque in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Guo Ruiying , Wang Xu , Liu Yijia , Huang Mengnan , Ma Mei , He Yuanyuan , Yang Rongrong , Gao Shan , Luo Mingchi , Zhao Guoyuan , Li Lin , Yu Chunquan
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine the association between the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and carotid artery plaque (CAP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 10,778 patients with CHD. The participants were divided into three groups by HGI tertiles (T1 HGI<−0.44, T2 −0.44 ≤ HGI ≤ 0.15, T3 HGI>0.15). The presence of CAP was used to diagnose by carotid ultrasonography. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the HGI and CAP. The association between HGI and CAP was also assessed according to sex, age, smoking status, and drinking status. We further assessed the association between HGI and the ultrasound characteristics of CAP. The baseline analysis showed substantial differences in relevant parameters between the three groups of patients with CHD according to the tertiles of the HGI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HGI was significantly associated with CAP (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–1.39). The association between HGI and CAP exists among different sex, age, smoking, and drinking status. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive association between HGI and all four different echogenicities of the CAP.
“My Greatness Made a Difference There”: Exploring the High School Experiences of High Achieving Black Girls
Authors: Mayes Renae D. , Lowery Kendra P. , Mims Lauren C. , Rodman Jennifer , Dixon-Payne Deneen
Published: August 2023

Recent studies have provided insight into the schooling experiences and lives of Black girls. These studies highlight the challenges that Black girls face in the school environment including underachievement, disproportionality in school discipline, deficit ideologies, and educator and counselor bias. The current study centers the voices on high achieving Black girls in an effort to center their unique and nuanced experiences in high school. Data was collected using in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. We found that high achieving Black girls must navigate deficit thinking and negative stereotypes similar to their peers while they also pull strength and resilience from their intersecting identities. Further, high achieving Black girls were tenacious in their pursuits and found familial and teacher relationships to be paramount in their success. These findings support the importance of developing intentional and systemic supports to counter intersectional oppression to meet the needs of high achieving Black girls.
Fostering Learning Goals at Work: The Interplay of Dispositional and Workplace Learning Goal Orientation and Supervisor Appraisal Behavior
Authors: Schelp Leonie , Bipp Tanja , Gado Sabrina , Daumiller Martin
Published: August 2023

A workplace that emphasizes personal learning and task mastery fosters employee development and performance. However, it is yet unclear which specific factors support such a learning goal-oriented workplace. Based on research in the educational domain, we investigated the reciprocal effects of dispositional learning goal orientation, supervisor’s appraisal behavior, and a learning goal-oriented workplace. In a study with a repeated measurement design ( N = 144 employees), we did not find support for an effect of supervisor’s appraisal behavior (operationalized by the perceived use of self-reference norms and constructive handling of errors by employees) on workplace learning goal orientation over time. However, we found that a dispositional learning goal orientation of employees supports a learning goal-oriented work environment. Furthermore, workplace learning goal orientation had a cross-lagged effect on dispositional learning goal orientation and supervisor’s appraisal behavior. By comparing our results from work to findings from the educational context, our results convey important theoretical implications about the construct of workplace goal orientation and suggest practical applications to foster a learning goal-oriented workplace in terms of personnel development and performance management.
Visualization of maternal IL-17a across the placental membrane
Authors: Kim Hyunju
Published: August 2023

IL-17a is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T helper-17 cells. Several studies have shown that maternal IL-17a, associated with maternal immune activation (MIA), affects the developing brain. However, the mechanisms underlying maternal IL-17a signaling remain partially unknown. This study detected trans-placental IL-17a passage using luminescent activity studies and an in vitro transfer assay. First, the luminescent activity was observed using LiCoR dye-conjugated IL-17a injected into pregnant mice. IL-17a luminescent activity was highly detected in the placenta and isolated fetus, but positive control IgG and negative control IgM showed low or no luminescence in the placenta and fetus, respectively. Next, IL-17a transmission across the placenta was investigated using a transwell experiment with trophoblast BeWo cells and primary trophoblast cells. Significant amounts of IL-17a were detected in the lower compartment. And in various placenta cell lines, IL-17a treatment significantly increased IL-17RA mRNA expression. However, it did not affect IL-17RC mRNA expression.

This study showed that elevated IL-17a increased the IL-17RA expression in the trophoblast and may accumulate in the placenta. Furthermore, these results indicate the molecular basis of an important role in IL-17a/IL-17RA in the maternal placenta.
The Peruvian State and COVID-19
Authors: Lust Jan
Published: August 2023

The Peruvian state is a dependent capitalist state. Its characteristics are principally the product of the country’s role in the capitalist world system. The measures that have been taken in the fight against COVID-19 have been a mix of repression and the implementation of weak economic and social relief programs. The expansion of the coronavirus has demonstrated that society’s socially and economically segmented character corresponds with a segmented state presence. The policies implemented to reduce the economic and social effects of COVID-19 show that the pre-COVID neoliberal model was not adjusted to confront the economic, social, and health crisis. International and national economic and political restrictions impede a post-COVID state transformation in Peru. The leftist-oriented Castillo government lacked the political and social bases to radically reform the state.

El estado peruano es un estado capitalista dependiente y sus características son primordialmente consecuencia del papel que juega el país en el sistema mundial capitalista. Las medidas que se han tomado en la lucha contra la COVID-19 son una mezcla de acciones represivas y la implementación de frágiles programas de ayuda económica y social. La expansión del coronavirus da muestra del carácter social y económicamente segmentado de la sociedad que corresponde con una presencia estatal segmentada. Las políticas implementadas para reducir los efectos económicos y sociales de la COVID-19 muestran que el modelo neoliberal pre-COVID no se ajustó para enfrentar la crisis económica, social y sanitaria. Las restricciones económicas y políticas tanto internacionales como nacionales impiden una transformación estatal post-COVID en el Perú. El gobierno izquierdista de Castillo careció de las bases políticas y sociales para reformar radicalmente el estado.
Discount Coupons Versus Trust and Satisfaction—Which is Better for M-Commerce?
Authors: Mishra Arindra Nath , Sengupta Shayani
Published: August 2023

Online shopping apps offer discounts with the help of coupons which have been shown to be highly effective, especially, in the case of mobile commerce. However, the mechanism of attracting customers via discounting and its effect on the adoption of mobile shopping apps have not been studied in detail. We explored the important antecedents for continued usage intention of mobile shopping apps. Further, we explored the effect of coupon proneness via the expectation confirmation model. We have explored the mediating role of trust and moderating role of coupon proneness on the relationship between satisfaction and intention of continued usage. We found direct and indirect linkages of satisfaction, confirmation of expectations, perceived usefulness and trust and coupon proneness with continued usage intention. Results indicated that trust partially mediates the relationship between satisfaction and continued usage intention, and coupon proneness negatively moderates the relationship between trust and continued usage intention. Our study shows that coupons are effective in the short run but satisfaction and trust building are important for long-term strategy. Some personality traits can have an impact on the findings which have not been part of this study. Future research can expand and validate these findings.
Structural and Exchange Occupational Mobility in India, 1994–2018: A Log-Linear Model- Based Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nawazuddin , Nauriyal D. K.
Published: August 2023

This article examines intergenerational structural and exchange occupational mobility in India. Using data from India’s multiple National Sample Surveys’ employment and Periodic Labour Force Survey rounds, the study investigates co-resident father-son relationships from 1993–1994 to 2017–2018. It employs a log-linear model with a quasi-symmetry fit—also called an SHD model—to estimate the structural and exchange components of occupational mobility. This work reveals that intergenerational mobility owes considerably to economic structural shifts and that exchange mobility for the larger study period from 1993–1994 to 2011–2012 remains low. However, it also suggests that there has been an increase in exchange occupational mobility in recent survey year (2017–2018).

JEL Classification: J62, J24
Some Comparisons of the Performance in Fire of Polyurethane Flexible Foams and Other Materials in a Small-scale Simulation of a ‘Woolworths’ Type Fire Scenario
Authors: Fishbein J. , Hunter G. , Hurd R. , Smith A.
Published: August 2023

The performance of cushions made from a number of fabrics and in-fills have been compared in small-scale fire experiments designed to simulate conditions in the fire at the Woolworths Store in Manchester on 8 May 1979.

It is concluded that contrary to much comment at that time, other materials in addition to the polyurethane foam present made a significant contribution to the fire and that replacement of polyurethane by some other conventional in-fill materials would not have made a major difference to the rate of development of the fire or of smoke and toxic gases.

Tests in the same configuration indicate the beneficial effects of composite design and of the major improvement obtained by the use of a polyurethane barrier foam composition.
Flexible Polyurethane Foams under Fire Conditions
Authors: Grayson S. J. , Hume J. , Kumar S. , Smith D. A.
Published: August 2023

Experimental data are presented which illustrate the significant reduction in smoke and toxic gases generated during burning achieved by incorporation of fairly high concentrations of a smoke suppressant, maleic acid, in a standard polyurethane flexible foam.

In addition to simple free burning of bare foam, two types of instrumented tests were used:

(a) Small-scale (laboratory) tests involving exposure to radiant heat under controlled atmosphere in the QMC Conical Furnace;

(b) Large-scale (fire room) tests of foam cushions fitted with viscose velour and polypropylene covers, and assembled into chair shapes.

Modifications of the QMC Conical Furnace procedure have led to improved correlation between the results of the small-scale and large-scale tests, even when the latter are greatly influenced by cover-splitting during the burns.

While chlorendic acid, ferrocene and potassium fluoborate exhibit some smoke-suppressant activity in bare foam, the only additive we tested which was effective in covered foams at the room scale was maleic acid. Chlorendic acid generated more smoke in covered foams than did the control. The efficacy of all additives varied with the burning temperature.

Sorbitol, anisaldehyde, calcium stearate, trioctyl borate and two new ferrocene derivatives were ineffectual in our small-scale screening tests; maleic anhydride and furfural formulations could not be processed in the laboratory.
Environmental Considerations in the Production of Flexible Slabstock
Authors: Vreenegoor N.C.
Published: August 2023

Total gas loss by the production of flexible polyether foam may range between 4–20 weight percent; higher densities are mainly blown with carbon dioxide – the lower densities partially with CO2, partially with either fluorocarbon and/or methylene chloride. During blow-off approximately 30% of the total gas loss will escape spontaneously from the top surface, the other 70% being contained in the block will mainly diffuse via the vertical sides and the bottom of the block. The speed of diffusion depends upon a number of physical variables and was measured and determined respectively (a) from smaller lab tests, (b) a larger 2 × 2 × 1 metres box test and finally (c) from 20 metres long blocks (2 metres wide, 1 metre high) which were made on the pilot plant.

During these trials the installation and application of adequate chlorofluoro-carbon (or CFC 11) and/or methylene chloride recycling systems was made. For the block test 2 × 2 × 1 metres a 5 kgs capacity adsorption unit was installed; diffusion rates and fan capacities were determined and with this information a pilot plant for 20 metres long block was designed and built by Laader Berg.

The objectives for this newly developed foaming system were:

1. Producing emissions at environmentally acceptable limits with a controllable degree of adsorption and recovery which may vary from 0·99%.

2. Improved formulation accuracy achieved by application of the computer in combination with gas analysis equipment, resulting in a narrower spread of the properties.

3. Improved working atmosphere for the operators – TDI concentrations approaching to zero.

4. Remote controlled starts and stops using improved mechanical methods which can be controlled by microprocessors.

The existing situation with this project is as follows:

1. The pilot machine can produce a wide range of foams.

2. A filter adsorption system was operational at the end of Feb. 1987.

3. Various tests were carried out through 1987.

4. Cost-price comparison calculations indicate positive feasibility.
The Production of Cellular Crosslinked Polyolefins – Part 1
Authors: Puri R.R. , Collington K.T.
Published: August 2023

The paper describes the evolution of the processes currently being used for the production of extruded crosslinked cellular polyolefin sheet and suggests possible production techniques designed to eliminate problems of oxidation common to existing processes. An attempt is also made to outline the performance requirements of individual components in the expandable olefin formations. A theoretical picture of the rheological conditions during foaming obtained by the use of a torque rheometer modified to allow the simultaneous measurement of crosslinking and gas evolution is described. The physical properties of cellular polyolefin sheet produced by either the irradiation or the chemical crosslinking technique are shown and finally based on available information, an attempt is made to forecast future developments.