bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunts, Heinz, and Fries Priming ‘Ketchup’: The Effects of Lexicality on Brand Name–Product Associations and Brand Memory
Authors: Coane Jennifer H. , Monahan Kayleigh T. , Termonen Miia‐Liisa
Published: March 2015

Brand names should be memorable and easy to associate with the product. The present study investigated how brand name lexicality affects accessibility in memory. In Experiment 1, participants completed a primed lexical decision task (LDT) in which primes were real‐word brands (RWB; e.g., SATURN), nonword brands (NWB; e.g., KIA), or semantic associates (e.g., TIRE) and targets were product categories (e.g., car). NWB primes resulted in equivalent priming as semantic primes and were recalled more than RWBs in a free‐recall task. In Experiment 2, participants completed an unprimed LDT or brand decision task (BDT). In LDT, high NWB error rates reflected greater familiarity. In BDT, many RWBs were not recognized as brands. In Experiment 3, a primed BDT with brand names as targets indicated that NWBs and RWBs are equally primed by a related category label. Overall, NWBs appear to be more familiar and memorable, possibly because of distinctiveness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Open City and the e[ad] School of Architecture and Design
Authors: Cordua Christian Hermansen , Monge David Jolly , Hensel Michael
Published: March 2015

Located in Ritoque on central Chile's Pacific coast, Open City is a unique community established in the 1970s by faculty members from the nearby e[ad] school of architecture at the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. Here Professor David Jolly Monge, a founding member of the Open City, and Guest‐Editors Christian Hermansen Cordua and Michael Hensel describe how the construction of structures on the site offer the collective community and students alike ongoing opportunities for ‘thinking, research and experimentation’.
The Builder's Name: SHoP and the Ethics of Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Nobel Philip
Published: March 2015

Since its inception in 1996 in New York City, SHoP Architects has fixed its sights on reshaping the relationship between design and construction; not only by pioneering the use of new building and modelling technologies, but by assuming a new level of responsibility for the management and assembly of components. Philip Nobel, architectural author and Editorial Director at SHoP, describes how the practice's longstanding engagement with construction has led to an awareness of the importance of the empowerment of builders, leading to responsiveness to local conditions and a proper connection between designers and those who deliver their designs.
Effects of Silver Addition on Critical Current Densities and Mechanical Properties in Bulk MgB2
Authors: Muralidhar Miryala , Inoue Kazuo , Koblischka Michael R. , Murakami Akira , Murakami Masato
Published: March 2015

The present study focuses on the effects of Ag addition on the critical current density (Jc) and the mechanical performance of disk‐shaped MgB2 bulk superconductors. MgB2 samples with varying Ag contents of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% were sintered at 775 °C for 3 h in Ar atmosphere. The Jc values were improved with Ag addition, in that the sample with 4 wt% Ag showed the highest Jc value of 295 kA cm−2 at 20 K and self‐field. The respective Jc values of the same sample were 430, 360, and 238 kA cm−2 in self‐field, 0.5 T, and 1 T at 7 K. These values are the highest so far reported in bulk MgB2 materials. Scanning electron microscopy showed that silver and silver oxide particles are embedded in the voids. As a result, the mechanical performance at room temperature was improved with Ag addition. We also confirmed the presence of nanometer‐sized AgMg3 particles, which may be responsible for high flux pinning and improved mechanical performances.
Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sonogashira Coupling, exo‐dig Cyclization and Hydride Transfer Reaction: Synthesis of Pyridine‐Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Shekarrao Kommuri , Kaishap Partha Pratim , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: March 2015

An efficient palladium(II)‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of alkylated pyridine‐substituted pyrroles has been developed by a one‐pot three component reaction of β‐bromovinyl aldehydes, primary amines and 2‐alkynylpyridines in good yields. The reactions can also provide an efficient route to 2‐picolinoylpyrroles by slightly altering the reaction conditions.

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Stress and coping in parents of children with Prader‐Willi syndrome: Assessment of the impact of a structured plan of care
Authors: Tvrdik Tatiana , Mason Debbie , Dent Karin M , Thornton Lisa , hornton Sidney N , Viskochil David H , Stevenson David A
Published: March 2015

Hyperphagia, developmental delays, and maladaptive behaviors are common in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) likely resulting in heightened parental stress. Objectives were to evaluate stress, describe usefulness of coping behaviors, and assess the impact of a structured Plan of Care (PC) on parents with children with PWS. Parents answered Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐14), Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), and narrative/demographic surveys. The PC was introduced to a cohort of parents after completion of the PSS‐14 and CHIP and re‐administered 4–6 month after the introduction of the PC. Higher parental stress (n = 57) was observed compared to the general population, and associated with parent's age, number of children living at home, and child's age and residential setting. “Maintaining family integration, cooperation, and an optimistic definition of the situation” was the most useful coping pattern. Thirty‐eight parents answered the PSS‐14 and CHIP after the PC. Parental stress decreased after the PC (P = 0.035). Coping behaviors related to “maintaining family integration” increased after the PC (P = 0.042). Women and men preferred different coping patterns before and after the PC. In conclusion, parental stress is increased in PWS, and a PC decreased stress and increased coping behaviors related to family stability for parents with children with PWS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MUMAB: A Conversation With the Past
Authors: Wade Andrew D. , Beckett Ronald G. , Conlogue Gerald J. , Gonzalez Ramon , Wade Ronn , Brier Bob
Published: March 2015

In May of 1994, Drs. Bob Brier and Ronn Wade produced the first modern mummy embalmed in the ancient Egyptian tradition. MUMAB (Mummy, University of Maryland At Baltimore) has been studied over the intervening 18 years as part of the Mummy Replication Project, including high‐resolution computed tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination. The radiological study of MUMAB is combined here with the firsthand discussion of the processes that resulted in the mummy's radiographic appearance. This allows for a close examination of the assumptions made in the radiological study of ancient Egyptian mummified human remains in a way not possible for the ancient remains themselves. Anat Rec, 298:954–973, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radioiodine remnant ablation in low‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients who had R0 dissection is an over treatment
Authors: Bal Chandrasekhar , Ballal Sanjana , Soundararajan Ramya , Chopra Saurav , Garg Aayushi
Published: March 2015

Low‐risk (LR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients should be ablated or not, albeit, with small dose of radioiodine is highly controversial. We hypothesized that those LR DTC patients who were surgically ablated need no radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA). This study aims to evaluate the long‐term outcome in these two groups of patients. Retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1991 to December 2012. Based on extent of surgical resection and histopathology, LR DTC patients were classified as Gr‐1: 169 patients, who were surgically ablated; Gr‐2: 153 patients, who had significant remnant in thyroid bed. Basal parameters were comparable between two groups except pretherapy 24 h radioiodine uptake (0.16 ± 0.01% vs. 5.64 ± 0.46%; P < 0.001). No patient received RRA in Gr‐1; Gr‐2 patients were administered 30 mCi 131I. Total number of events (recurrence, persistent, and progression of disease), with median follow up of 10.3 years, was observed in 10/322 (3.1%) of LR DTC patients. Only one patient had disease recurrence from Gr‐1, who became disease‐free after radioiodine therapy. Similarly, one patient from 126, who was ablated with single dose of RRA, had recurrence from Gr‐2. However, 8/27 (29.7%) patients from Gr‐2 had persistent disease; even two of them subsequently developed disease progression, who failed first‐dose of RRA. The event‐free survival rates were 99.4% and 94.1% (P = 0.006) in Gr‐1 and Gr‐2, respectively. RRA is an overtreatment in surgically ablated LR DTC patients. Successfully ablated RRA patients also had similar long‐term outcome, however, those who failed, should be re‐stratified as intermediate‐risk category, and managed aggressively.
RuII, OsII, and IrIII Complexes with Chelating Pyridyl–Mesoionic Carbene Ligands: Structural Characterization and Applications in Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Bolje Aljoša , Hohloch Stephan , van der Meer Margarethe , Košmrlj Janez , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: March 2015

Chelating ligands with one pyridine donor and one mesoionic carbene donor are fast establishing themselves as privileged ligands in homogeneous catalysis. The synthesis of several new IrIII–Cp*‐ and OsII–Cym complexes (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, Cym=p‐cymene=4‐isopropyl‐toluene) derived from chelating pyridyltriazolylidenes where the additional pyridine donor was incorporated via the azide part of the triazole is presented. Furthermore, different 4‐substituted phenylacetylene building blocks have been used to introduce electronic fine‐tuning in the ligands. The ligands thus can be generally described as 4‐(4‐R‐phenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene (with R being H (L1), Me (L2), OMe (L3), CN (L4), CF3 (L5), Br (L6) or NO2 (L7)). The corresponding complexes (Ir‐1 to Ir‐7 and Os‐1 to Os‐7) were characterized by standard spectroscopic methods, and the expected three‐legged, piano‐stool type coordination was unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis of selected compounds. Together with RuII analogues previously reported by us, a total of 21 complexes were tested as (pre)catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl groups, showing a remarkable reactivity even at very low catalyst loadings. The electronic effects of the ligands as well as different substrates were investigated. Some mechanistic elucidations are also presented.
Factors Influencing the Regioselectivity of the Oxidation of Asymmetric Secondary Amines with Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Ushakov Dmitry B. , Plutschack Matthew B. , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: March 2015

Aerobic amine oxidation is an attractive and elegant process for the α functionalization of amines. However, there are still several mechanistic uncertainties, particularly the factors governing the regioselectivity of the oxidation of asymmetric secondary amines and the oxidation rates of mixed primary amines. Herein, it is reported that singlet‐oxygen‐mediated oxidation of 1° and 2° amines is sensitive to the strength of the α‐CH bond and steric factors. Estimation of the relative bond dissociation energy by natural bond order analysis or by means of one‐bond CH coupling constants allowed the regioselectivity of secondary amine oxidations to be explained and predicted. In addition, the findings were utilized to synthesize highly regioselective substrates and perform selective amine cross‐couplings to produce imines.
Efficient Synthesis of Triarylamines Catalyzed by Copper(I) Diazabutadiene Complexes
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Yang Lianming
Published: March 2015

Cuprous chloride was coordinated by diazabutadiene (DAB‐R) ligands to form Cu(I)‐(DAB‐R) complexes, most of which have a 1:1 ratio of Cu to DAB‐R as reported. In the case of a special DAB‐iPP, N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene, an unexpected composition of complex was found with the formula Cu(I)Cl(DAB)2. When employed as catalyst for triarylamine synthesis from the coupling of aryl halides with primary and secondary arylamines, the new Cu(I)‐(DAB‐iPP) complex displayed high efficiency.
Supramolecular Prodrug Micelles Constructed by Drug‐Drug Conjugate with Water Soluble Pillar[6]arene for Controllable and Rapid Drug Release
Authors: Cao Yu , Zou Xiaochun , Xiong Shuhan , Li Yan , Shen Yingzhong , Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Leyong
Published: March 2015

The first attempt of constructing supramolecular prodrug micelles based on the host‐guest interaction between water‐soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6) and a novel doxorubicin (DOX)‐based drug‐drug conjugate (G) is reported, in which the drug‐drug conjugate is synthesized by conjugating anticancer drug DOX with another drug isoniazide via the acid‐cleavable hydrazone bond. The obtained WP6⊃G micelles are stable under physiological conditions, whereas the cumulative release of DOX is approximate to 100% within 30 min at pH 5.5 by simulating the endo‐lysosomal environment at 37°C. Therefore, this WP6‐based prodrug micelles can achieve efficient DOX accumulation in the acidic tumor cells within a short period of time, which is very important and valuable; meanwhile it can also reduce the unexpected premature burst release under physiological condition. Furthermore, cellular internalization and localization experiments demonstrated that these prodrug micelles enter cancer cells mainly via endocytosis and can lead to significant drug accumulation in SKOV3 cancer cells, implying its promising future for cancer therapy.
Low‐Valent Titanium‐Mediated Enantioselective Synthesis of Quinazolinone Alkaloids Circumdatins F, H, and Analogs
Authors: Luo Shi‐Peng , Geng Hui , Wang Yu , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: March 2015

We report the concise and protecting‐group‐free enantioselective total syntheses of circumdatins F and H. In view of the extreme importance of analogs of quinazolinone alkaloids in drug research and discovery, four analogs of bioactive quinazolinobenzodiazepine alkaloids, including demethoxycircumdatin H (12) and N‐demethylbenzomalvin A (13), have been synthesized. The method is based on the low‐valent titanium‐promoted intramolecular reductive coupling of imides with o‐nitrobenzimides, which yielded quinazolino[3,2‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines under mild conditions. In addition, heptacyclic dehydraasperlicin E (16) has been synthesized from asperlicin C by a NCS‐mediated dehydra‐cyclization reaction.
Complexation of Linear Aliphatic Ester, Aldehyde and Ketone Guests by Per‐ethylated Pillar[5]arene
Authors: Lou Xiaobing , Chen Huanqing , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju
Published: March 2015

The complexation of four neutral guest molecules containing carbon‐oxygen double bonds, i.e., 1,6‐diacetoxyhexane (1), dimethyl hexanedioate (2), hexanal (3), and 2‐hexanone (4), by per‐ethylated pillar[5]arene is reported. These guests show remarkably different binding affinities. For example, ester 1 could be fully engulfed by the host cavity to form a [2]pseudorotaxane‐type inclusion complex, while for 2, no obvious host‐guest interaction was observed.
A Pillar[6]arene‐[2]pseudorotaxane Based pH‐Sensitive Molecular Switch
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju
Published: March 2015

A novel pH‐responsive [2]pseudorotaxane based on ethylated pillar[6]arene and bis(1,2,3‐triazolium)butane cation was constructed. The dethreading and rethreading could be reversibly controlled by adding base and acid, i.e., the deprotonation and reprotonation of the guest. In contrast, such responsible switching behavior does not occur for the complexation between the guest and ethylated pillar[5]arene, since both the cationic axle and the deprotonated one can be strongly bound by ethylated pillar[5]arene. Furthermore, the bis(1,2,3‐triazolium)butane⊂pillar[6]arene‐[2]pseudorotaxane can also disassemble upon the addition of competitive ethylated pillar[5]arene.
Computational prediction of manually gated rare cells in flow cytometry data
Authors: Qiu Peng
Published: March 2015

Rare cell identification is an interesting and challenging question in flow cytometry data analysis. In the literature, manual gating is a popular approach to distill flow cytometry data and drill down to the rare cells of interest, based on prior knowledge of measured protein markers and visual inspection of the data. Several computational algorithms have been proposed for rare cell identification. To compare existing algorithms and promote new developments, FlowCAP‐III put forward one computational challenge that focused on this question. The challenge provided flow cytometry data for 202 training samples and two manually gated rare cell types for each training sample, roughly 0.02 and 0.04% of the cells, respectively. In addition, flow cytometry data for 203 testing samples were provided, and participants were invited to computationally identify the rare cells in the testing samples. Accuracy of the identification results was evaluated by comparing to manual gating of the testing samples. We participated in the challenge, and developed a method that combined the Hellinger divergence, a downsampling trick and the ensemble SVM. Our method achieved the highest accuracy in the challenge. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A subpopulation of CD103posICOSpos Treg cells occurs at high frequency in lymphopenic mice and represents a lymph node specific differentiation stage
Authors: Barthlott Thomas , Bosch Angela J. T. , Berkemeier Caroline , Nogales‐Cadenas Rubén , Jeker Lukas T. , Keller Marcel P. , Pascual‐Montano Alberto , Holländer Georg A.
Published: March 2015

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are pivotal for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by controlling self‐reactive, chronic, and homeostatic T‐cell responses. Here, we report that the increase in Treg‐cell suppressive function observed in lymphopenic mice correlates with the degree of lymphopenia and is caused by a higher frequency of a novel subpopulation of CD103posICOSpos Treg cells. Though present in the thymus, CD103posICOSpos Treg cells are not generated there but recirculate from the periphery to that site. The acquisition and maintenance of this distinctive phenotype requires the LN microenvironment and the in situ availability of antigen. Contrary to conventional effector and other Treg cells, the cellularity of CD103posICOSpos Treg cells is not affected by the absence of IL‐7 and thymic stroma lymphopoetin. Given their increased frequency in lymphopenia, the absolute number of CD103posICOSpos Treg cells remains unchanged in the periphery irrespective of a paucity of total Treg cells. We furthermore demonstrate, with cell transfers in mice, that the CD103posICOSpos phenotype represents a LN‐specific differentiation stage arrived at by several other Treg‐cell subsets. Thus, tissue‐specific cues determine the overall potency of the peripheral Treg‐cell pool by shaping its subset composition.
Synthesis of Two Coordination Polymer Photocatalysts and Significant Enhancement of Their Catalytic Photodegradation Activity by Doping with Co2+ Ions
Authors: Li Duan‐Xiu , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Young David J. , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: March 2015

The coordination polymers (CPs) [Zn2(tipm)(1,3‐BDC)2] (1) and [Co2(tipm)(1,3‐BDC)2]·0.5CH3CN (2·0.5CH3CN) were synthesized by the reactions of Zn(NO3)2 or Co(NO3)2 with tetrakis[4‐(1‐imidazolyl)phenyl]methane (tipm) and benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid (1,3‐H2BDC) under solvothermal conditions. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and possess complicated three‐dimensional frameworks with the Schläfli symbol (4·72)(62·73·12)(4·62·73). Cobalt ions were incorporated into the Zn‐based CP framework 1 during solvothermal crystallization to yield [Zn(2–2x)Co2x(tipm)(1,3‐BDC)2]·bH2O (x = 2.4 %, b = 0 for 1a, x = 23 %, b = 1 for 2a·H2O). Doped CPs 1a and 2a·H2O exhibited greater catalytic photodegradation of the dye rhodamine B (RhB) than the undoped complexes 1 and 2 and many literature examples.
Calixarene‐Mediated Liquid Membrane Transport of Choline Conjugates 2: Transport of Drug‐Choline Conjugates and Neurotransmitters
Authors: Adhikari Birendra Babu , Roshandel Sahar , Fujii Ayu , Schramm Michael P.
Published: March 2015

Lower rim carboxylic acid calix[n]arenes and upper rim phosphonic acid functionalized calix[4]arenes effect selective transport of distinct molecular payloads through a liquid membrane. The secret to this success lies in the attachment of a receptor‐complementary handle. We find that the trimethylammonium ethylene group present in choline is a general handle for the transport of drug and drug‐like species. Furthermore, neurotransmitters possessing ionizable amine termini are also transported. Some limitations to this strategy have been uncovered as payloads become increasingly lipophilic. These developments reveal new approaches to synthetic receptor‐mediated selective small molecule transport in vesicular and cellular systems.
Base‐ and Radical‐Mediated Regio‐ and Stereoselective Additions of Thiols, Thio‐Sugars, and Thiol‐Containing Peptides to Trisubstituted Activated exo‐Glycals
Authors: Richard Mylène , Didierjean Claude , Chapleur Yves , Pellegrini‐Moïse Nadia
Published: March 2015

A study was performed for the coupling of thiols, thio‐sugars, and thiol‐containing amino acids and peptides with trisubstituted activated anomeric sugar olefins under basic and radical conditions. The hydrothiolation reaction took place in a regio‐ and stereospecific manner and occurred at the anomeric center and mainly from an approach to the less crowded face, that is, opposite to the O‐4 protecting group. Furano‐ and pyranoglycosylidenes were valuable substrates for the base‐mediated coupling with aromatic and primary thiols, which included 6‐thio‐sugars, cysteine derivatives, and glutathione. The success of the radical‐mediated method depended on the thiol partners as well as the nature of the sugar olefins. Neither of the conditions required the protection of the sugar or the cysteine derivatives.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Nanocomposites Film of Thiol Graphene‐Thiol Chitosan/Nano Gold for the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Li Guobao , Xue Qi , Feng Jijun , Sui Weiping
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a thiol graphene‐thiol chitosan‐gold nanoparticles (thGP‐thCTS‐AuNPs) nanocomposites film with porous structure was fabricated by electrochemically depositing on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which exhibited good biocompatibility and improved conductivity, to construct immunosensor free label for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The electrochemical behavior of this immunosensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the immunosensor revealed a good amperometric response to CEA in two linear ranges (0.3–8.0 ng mL−1 and 8.0–100 ng mL−1) with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL−1. The results indicated that the immunosensor has the advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, and good stability for the determination of CEA.
A Comparative Study of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline and 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic Acid for Antimony(III) Determination by AdSV. Substituent Effect on Sensitivity II
Authors: Rojas‐Romo Carlos , Arancibia Verónica
Published: March 2015

A sensitive and selective method for the determination of Sb3+ based on the formation of its complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid (HQS) is proposed. The best analytical conditions are: pH 5.4 and 2.2 for HQ and HQS, respectively; CHQ from 15.0 to 25.0 µmol L−1 and CHQS from 70.0 to 200.0 µmol L−1. The detection limits are 100.0 and 14.0 ng L−1 (tacc=30 s) for Sb3+ with HQ and HQS, respectively. The method using HQS as ligand has a 2.2‐fold higher sensitivity than that with HQ and the former was chosen for Sb3+ determination.
Electrochemical Actuators: Controlled Drug Release Strategies for use in Micro Devices
Authors: Anderson Ashleigh , Davis James
Published: March 2015

A critical overview of current and emerging electrochemical strategies being developed to facilitate drug delivery at the micro‐nano scale is presented. The adaptation and implementation of functional electromolecular materials is discussed and their importance to the enhancement of delivery methods and treatment outcome is assessed.
Combined dielectrophoretic and impedance system for on‐chip controlled bacteria concentration: Application to Escherichia coli
Authors: del Moral‐Zamora Beatriz , Punter‐Villagrassa Jaime , Oliva‐Brañas Ana M. , Álvarez‐Azpeitia Juan Manuel , Colomer‐Farrarons Jordi , Samitier Josep , Homs‐Corbera Antoni , Miribel‐Català Pere Ll
Published: March 2015

The present paper reports a bacteria autonomous controlled concentrator prototype with a user‐friendly interface for bench‐top applications. It is based on a microfluidic lab‐on‐a‐chip and its associated custom instrumentation, which consists of a dielectrophoretic actuator, to preconcentrate the sample, and an impedance analyzer, to measure concentrated bacteria levels. The system is composed of a single microfluidic chamber with interdigitated electrodes and an instrumentation with custom electronics. The prototype is supported by a real‐time platform connected to a remote computer, which automatically controls the system and displays impedance data used to monitor the status of bacteria accumulation on‐chip. The system automates the whole concentrating operation. Performance has been studied for controlled volumes of Escherichia coli samples injected into the microfluidic chip at constant flow rate of 10 μL/min. A media conductivity correcting protocol has been developed, as the preliminary results showed distortion of the impedance analyzer measurement produced by bacterial media conductivity variations through time. With the correcting protocol, the measured impedance values were related to the quantity of bacteria concentrated with a correlation of 0.988 and a coefficient of variation of 3.1%. Feasibility of E. coli on‐chip automated concentration, using the miniaturized system, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the impedance monitoring protocol had been adjusted and optimized, to handle changes in the electrical properties of the bacteria media over time.
Pressure‐assisted introduction of urine samples into a short capillary for electrophoretic separation with contactless conductivity and UV spectrometry detection
Authors: Makrlíková Anna , Opekar František , Tůma Petr
Published: March 2015

A computer‐controlled hydrodynamic sample introduction method has been proposed for short‐capillary electrophoresis. In the method, the BGE flushes sample from the loop of a six‐way sampling valve and is carried to the injection end of the capillary. A short pressure impulse is generated in the electrolyte stream at the time when the sample zone is at the capillary, leading to injection of the sample into the capillary. Then the electrolyte flow is stopped and the separation voltage is turned on. This way of sample introduction does not involve movement of the capillary and both of its ends remain constantly in the solution during both sample injection and separation. The amount of sample introduced to the capillary is controlled by the duration of the pressure pulse. The new sample introduction method was tested in the determination of ammonia, creatinine, uric acid, and hippuric acid in human urine. The determination was performed in a capillary with an overall length of 10.5 cm, in two BGEs with compositions 50 mM MES + 5 mM NaOH (pH 5.1) and 1 M acetic acid + 1.5 mM crown ether 18‐crown‐6 (pH 2.4). A dual contactless conductivity/UV spectrometric detector was used for the detection.
Forensic evaluation and population genetic study of 30 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in a Chinese Yi group
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Dang , Shen Chun‐Mei , Jin Rui , Li Ya‐Ni , Wang Bo , Ma Li‐Xia , Meng Hao‐Tian , Yan Jiang‐Wei , Dan Wang Hong‐ , Yang Ze‐Long , Zhu Bo‐Feng
Published: March 2015

Insertion/deletion polymorphisms have become a research hot spot in forensic science due to their tremendous potential in recent years. In the present study, we investigated 30 indel loci in a Chinese Yi ethnic group. The allele frequencies of the short allele of the 30 indel loci were in the range of 0.1025–0.9221. The power of discrimination values were observed ranging from to 0.2630 (HLD111 locus) to 0.6607 (HLD70 locus) and probability of exclusion values ranged from 0.0189 (HLD111 locus) to 0.2343 (HLD56 locus). The combined power of discrimination and power of exclusion for 30 loci in the studied Yi group were 0.99999999995713 and 0.97746, respectively, which showed tremendous potential for forensic personal identification in the Yi group. Moreover, the DA distances, phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed the Yi group had close genetic relationships with the Tibetan, South Korean, Chinese Han, and She groups.
Physico‐chemical properties of instant ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis) mix powder
Authors: Bamidele Oluwaseun P. , Ojedokun Omotayo S. , Fasogbon Beatrice M.
Published: March 2015

The main objective of the research is to develop a recipe of instant dry soup mix for easy preparation of ogbono soup. Instant ogbono mix powder was processed using common locally ingredients. Dika kernel powder, dried ugwu leaf, crayfish, stock fish, and a mixture of locust bean, onion, seasoning and Cameroon powder were formulated at different ratios to find the best acceptable ogbono mix powder. The samples were subjected to proximate, functional, vitamin, mineral, and sensory analyses. The formulated sample D with the highest ratio of crayfish and stock fish had the highest value of protein and carbohydrate (24.13 and 35.61%, respectively). The control sample (100% dika kernel powder) was low in moisture content (6.20%) but high in crude fat, other samples followed in this order (control > A > B > C > D) for crude fat. Ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in all the samples. The functional properties of the sample showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in all the samples with the control having the highest value for the water absorption, swelling capacity, and bulk density which may be due to the high crude fiber and low moisture content recorded for the control sample in the proximate analysis. The mineral content of all the samples were higher than the control with phosphorous having the highest value and iron the least value. Vitamin C was the main dominating vitamin in the sample followed by vitamin B2, vitamin A, and vitamin B3. The sensory evaluation revealed that 100% dika kernel powder gave a good attribute of the soup but with less nutritional composition, while some formulated samples showed a similar attribute with higher nutritional value. Sample A with the highest overall acceptability had the best attribute of ogbono soup. Instant ogbono mix powder has higher nutritional value and easy to cook.
The Values of Crop Coefficients and Bowen Ratio of Field Crops in Areas with Insufficient Precipitation in Central Europe
Authors: Zábranský Petr , Pivec Jan , Brant Václav , Kroulík Milan , Škeříková Michaela
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study, based on measurements of actual evapotranspiration of vegetation, was to determine the values of the crop coefficient (Kc) for selected crops and the effect of growth on the dissipation of radiation energy. The actual evapotranspiration (ETa, mm day−1) ofBeta vulgaris,Hordeum vulgare,Medicago sativa,Sorghum bicolor,Triticum aestivumandZea mayswere measured under field conditions during 2007–2012 by the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) method. The values of potential evapotranspiration (ET0, mm day−1) and the dynamics of the above‐ground dry biomass production and values of the water productivity (WP, g H2O kg−1) were estimated. In the cereals, up to the onset of the ripening stage, the typical values ofβ(Bowen ratio) had exceeded 1.0. Crops such asM. sativa,B. vulgaris,S. bicolorandZ. mayshad contributed significantly more to the elimination of heating of the atmosphere than cereals. In the cereals (H. vulgareandT. aestivum) theKcvalues varied around 1.0 up to the onset of the ripening phase. Thereafter theKcvalues decreased to 0.5. Higher values of WP compared withH. vulgareandT. aestivumwere indicated byZ. maysandS. bicolorstands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Base Excision Repair in the Mitochondria
Authors: Prakash Aishwarya , Doublié Sylvie
Published: March 2015

The 16.5 kb human mitochondrial genome encodes for 13 polypeptides, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), unlike its nuclear counterpart, is not packaged into nucleosomes and is more prone to the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during oxidative phosphorylation. The past few decades have witnessed an increase in the number of proteins observed to translocate to the mitochondria for the purposes of mitochondrial genome maintenance. The mtDNA damage produced by ROS, if not properly repaired, leads to instability and can ultimately manifest in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is employed for the removal and consequently the repair of deaminated, oxidized, and alkylated DNA bases. Specialized enzymes called DNA glycosylases, which locate and cleave the damaged base, catalyze the first step of this highly coordinated repair pathway. This review focuses on members of the four human BER DNA glycosylase superfamilies and their subcellular localization in the mitochondria and/or the nucleus, as well as summarizes their structural features, biochemical properties, and functional role in the excision of damaged bases. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1490–1499, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights into inpatients with poor vision: A high value proposition
Authors: Press Valerie G. , Matthiesen Madeleine I. , Ranadive Alisha , Hariprasad Seenu M. , Meltzer David O. , Arora Vineet M.
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Vision impairment is an under‐recognized risk factor for adverse events among hospitalized patients, yet vision is neither routinely tested nor documented for inpatients. Low‐cost ($8 and up) nonprescription “readers” may be a simple, high‐value intervention to improve inpatients' vision. We aimed to study initial feasibility and efficacy of screening and correcting inpatients' vision.

METHODS

From June 2012 through January 2014 we began testing whether participants' vision corrected with nonprescription lenses for eligible participants failing a vision screen (Snellen chart) performed by research assistants (RAs). Descriptive statistics and tests of comparison, including t tests and χ2 tests, were used when appropriate. All analyses were performed using Stata version 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX).

RESULTS

Over 800 participants' vision was screened (n = 853). Older (≥65 years; 56%) participants were more likely to have insufficient vision than younger (<65 years; 28%; P < 0.001). Nonprescription readers corrected the majority of eligible participants' vision (82%, 95/116).

DISCUSSION

Among an easily identified subgroup of inpatients with poor vision, low‐cost readers successfully corrected most participants' vision. Hospitalists and other clinicians working in the inpatient setting can play an important role in identifying opportunities to provide high‐value care related to patients' vision. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:311–313. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
MRI measurements of intracranial pressure in the upright posture: The effect of the hydrostatic pressure gradient
Authors: Alperin Noam , Lee Sang H. , Bagci Ahmet M.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To add the hydrostatic component of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements in the upright posture for derivation of pressure value in a central cranial location often used in invasive ICP measurements.

Materials and Methods

Additional analyses were performed using data previously collected from 10 healthy subjects scanned in supine and sitting positions with a 0.5T vertical gap MRI scanner (GE Medical). Pulsatile blood and CSF flows to and from the brain were quantified using cine phase‐contrast. Intracranial compliance and pressure were calculated using a previously described method. The vertical distance between the location of the CSF flow measurement and a central cranial location was measured manually in the mid‐sagittal T1‐weighted image obtained in the upright posture. The hydrostatic pressure gradient of a CSF column with similar height was then added to the MR‐ICP value.

Results

After adjustment for the hydrostatic component, the mean ICP value was reduced by 7.6 mmHg. Mean ICP referenced to the central cranial level was −3.4 ± 1.7 mmHg compared to the unadjusted value of +4.3 ± 1.8 mmHg.

Conclusion

In the upright posture, the hydrostatic pressure component needs to be added to the MRI‐derived ICP values for compatibility with invasive ICP at a central cranial location. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1158–1163.
Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Wuhan, China from 2012 to 2013: Outbreaks of Coxsackieviruses A10
Authors: Yang Qin , Ding Jinya , Cao Junhao , Huang Qianchuan , Hong Chun , Yang Bin
Published: March 2015

Hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease which often occurs in young children. It is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). The present study focuses on the molecular epidemiology of the pathogen of HFMD in the Wuhan region of China during the period 2012 to 2013. A total of 463 viruses were isolated from throat swab of 3,208 HFMD patients and analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR with all sets of specific primers for EV71, CVA16, and pan‐enterovirus. Of the 463 viruses, 111 (21.2%) were EV71, 52 (9.6%) were CVA16, and 300 (69.2%) were pan‐enterovirus. In pan‐enterovirus isolations 190 (52.8%) were CVA10, 50 (13.9%) were CVA4, 30 were CB2, 17 were CB3, 13 were CB5 identified by VP4 gene sequencing. Eleven EV71 isolates were complete genome sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EV71 strains that circulated in Wuhan belonged to the C4 subgenotype. Among the 190 CVA10 isolations, 187 CVA10 strains have the same nucleotide sequence, the other three CVA10 strains belongs to another type of nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on 19 CVA10 isolations suggested that they belonged to the clade of Chinese strains, but form different clusters isolated from Japan, Europe. This study showed that EVA71 and CVA16 were detected as the predominant viruses (>60%) in 2012 and the total reported HFMD cases attained a peak in June and July. In contrast, CVA10 was also detected during April 2012 and replaced EVA71 and CVA16 as the major HFMD‐associated pathogen from May 2013. J. Med. Virol. 87:954–960, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repeatedly foldable AMOLED display
Authors: Komatsu Ryu , Nakazato Ryo , Sasaki Takeru , Suzuki Akio , Senda Naoyuki , Kawata Takuya , Jimbo Yasuhiro , Aoyama Tomoya , Ohno Naoto , Kawashima Susumu , Ikeda Hisao , Eguchi Shingo , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Shiraishi Takashi , Yasumoto Seiji , Nakada Masataka , Sato Masataka , Bower Chris , Cotton Darryl , Matthews Andrew , Andrew Piers , Gheorghiu Catalin , Bergquist Johan
Published: March 2015

In this study, a 5.9‐inch foldable active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was developed. A folding test was performed repeatedly. The display survived the folding test (100,000 folds) with a curvature radius of 2 mm. To protect an organic light emitting diode (OLED) against moisture, inorganic passivation layers are provided on the upper and lower sides of the flexible display. Using our transfer technology, high density passivation layers can be obtained. The measured water vapor transmission rate of the layer is 7 × 10−6 g/m2⋅day or less, which improves OLED reliability. With these techniques, we have developed a book‐type display, which is repeatedly foldable like a book, and a tri‐fold display including a display area, which is foldable in three.
The outcome of surgical treatment for elderly patients with gastric carcinoma
Authors: Sakurai Katsunobu , Muguruma Kazuya , Nagahara Hisashi , Kimura Kenjiro , Toyokawa Takahiro , Amano Ryosuke , Kubo Naoshi , Tanaka Hiroaki , Ohtani Hiroshi , Yashiro Masakazu , Maeda Kiyoshi , Ohira Masaichi , Hirakawa Kosei
Published: March 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to clarify the operative mortality and long‐term survival of gastrectomy for elderly patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

A total of 461 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in our hospital were classified as elderly group (≥80 years‐old, 95 patients) and control group (60–69 years‐old, 366 patients).

Results

The frequency of comorbidities was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in elderly group (74.7%) than that in the control group (49.5%). No significant difference of the postoperative complication rate was found between the elderly group (23.2%) and the control group (23.2%). Adjuvant chemotherapy was 9.5% in the elderly group, which was significantly less than 29.0% of the control group (P < 0.05). Stage II and III elderly patients had worse disease specific survival (DSS) than controls did. In the elderly, overall survival (OS) was significantly worse than DSS in stage I patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The operative complication rate of elderly patients was comparable to the control group. Comorbidity and occurrence of secondary malignant disease should be followed for elderly patients at stage I. For stage II and III disease patients, a novel drug which is acceptable for the elderly is needed as a postoperative therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:848–854. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Surgical Oncology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of N‐nitrosamines by automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction integrated with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Amayreh Mousa , Chanbasha Basheer , Alhooshani Khalid , Mu'azu Nuhu Dalhat , Lee Hian Kee
Published: March 2015

An automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction integrated with gas chromatography and mass spectrometric procedure was developed for the determination of three N‐nitrosamines (N‐nitroso‐di‐n‐propylamine, N‐nitrosopiperidine, and N‐nitroso di‐n‐butylamine) in water samples. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize relevant extraction parameters including extraction time, dispersive solvent volume, water sample pH, sodium chloride concentration, and agitation (stirring) speed. The optimal dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction conditions were 28 min of extraction time, 33 μL of methanol as dispersive solvent, 722 rotations per minute of agitation speed, 23% w/v sodium chloride concentration, and pH of 10.5. Under these conditions, good linearity for the analytes in the range from 0.1 to 100 μg/L with coefficients of determination (r2) from 0.988 to 0.998 were obtained. The limits of detection based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were between 5.7 and 124 ng/L with corresponding relative standard deviations from 3.4 to 5.9% (n = 4). The relative recoveries of N‐nitroso‐di‐n‐propylamine, N‐nitrosopiperidine, and N‐nitroso di‐n‐butylamine from spiked groundwater and tap water samples at concentrations of 2 μg/L of each analyte (mean ± standard deviation, n = 3) were (93.9 ± 8.7), (90.6 ± 10.7), and (103.7 ± 8.0)%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the N‐nitrosamines in water samples of different complexities, such as tap water, and groundwater, before and after treatment, in a local water treatment plant.
A combined tryptic peptide and winged peptide internal standard approach for the determination of α‐lactalbumin in dairy products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lai Shiyun , Zhang Jingshun , Zhang Yu , Chen Qi , Huang Baifen , Ren Yiping
Published: March 2015

A robust ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method at peptide level was established for measuring α‐lactalbumin in various dairy products. An isotope‐labeled winged peptide (VKKILDKVG*INYW*LAHKALCSEKL) with extra amino acids of the sequence of signature peptide concatenated at each end as the internal standard was spiked in samples to participate in the whole tryptic digestion process. The peptide VG*INYW*LAHK that resulted from the isotope‐labeled winged peptide was used as the final isotopically labeled internal standard of the α‐lactalbumin signature peptide (VGINYWLAHK) during the quantitative analysis. The contents of α‐lactalbumin in samples were calculated based on the equimolar relationship between the α‐lactalbumin protein and signature peptide. The optimized molar ratio of trypsin to protein (1:60) and enzymatic digestion time (5 h) could not only improve the digestion efficiency and reduce the cost, but also minimize the period of sample pretreatment. Considering the robustness of the current method using the isotopically labeled internal standard and acceptable measurement cost, its application may promote the development of nutrient investigation and quality control of α‐lactalbumin in dairy products. This protein analysis method might provide a new reference strategy for food analysis and quantitative protein analysis.
Development of a molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the selective extraction of telmisartan from human urine
Authors: Yılmaz Hüma , Basan Hasan
Published: March 2015

A novel molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction with spectrofluorimetry method has been developed for the selective extraction of telmisartan from human urine. Molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by a noncovalent imprinting approach through UV‐radical polymerization using telmisartan as a template molecule, 2‐dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker, N,N‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, chloroform as a porogen. Molecularly imprinted polymers and nonimprinted control polymer sorbents were dry‐packed into solid‐phase extraction cartridges, and eluates from cartridges were analyzed using a spectrofluorimeter. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 11.0 and 36.0 ng/mL, respectively. A very high imprinting factor (16.1) was achieved and recovery values for the telmisartan spiked in human urine were in the range of 76.1–79.1%. In addition, relatively low within‐day (0.14–1.6%) and between‐day (0.11–1.31%) precision values were obtained. Valsartan was used to evaluate the selectivity of sorbent as well. As a result, a sensitive, selective, and simple molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction with spectrofluorimetry method has been developed and successfully applied to the direct determination telmisartan in human urine.