bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Canonical Cell Death Induced by p53
Authors: Ranjan Atul , Iwakuma Tomoo
Published: December 2016

Programmed cell death is a vital biological process for multicellular organisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, which is regulated in a complex manner. Over the past several years, apart from apoptosis, which is the principal mechanism of caspase-dependent cell death, research on non-apoptotic forms of programmed cell death has gained momentum. p53 is a well characterized tumor suppressor that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis and has also been linked to non-apoptotic, non-canonical cell death mechanisms. p53 impacts these non-canonical forms of cell death through transcriptional regulation of its downstream targets, as well as direct interactions with key players involved in these mechanisms, in a cell type- or tissue context-dependent manner. In this review article, we summarize and discuss the involvement of p53 in several non-canonical modes of cell death, including caspase-independent apoptosis (CIA), ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagic cell death, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as its role in efferocytosis which is the process of clearing dead or dying cells.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Update and Analysis of New Mutations around the World
Authors: Gómez-Manzo Saúl , Marcial-Quino Jaime , Vanoye-Carlo America , Serrano-Posada Hugo , Ortega-Cuellar Daniel , González-Valdez Abigail , Castillo-Rodríguez Rosa , Hernández-Ochoa Beatriz , Sierra-Palacios Edgar , Rodríguez-Bustamante Eduardo , Arreguin-Espinosa Roberto
Published: December 2016

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to maintain an adequate reducing environment in the cells and is especially important in red blood cells (RBC). Given its central role in the regulation of redox state, it is understandable that mutations in the gene encoding G6PD can cause deficiency of the protein activity leading to clinical manifestations such as neonatal jaundice and acute hemolytic anemia. Recently, an extensive review has been published about variants in the g6pd gene; recognizing 186 mutations. In this work, we review the state of the art in G6PD deficiency, describing 217 mutations in the g6pd gene; we also compile information about 31 new mutations, 16 that were not recognized and 15 more that have recently been reported. In order to get a better picture of the effects of new described mutations in g6pd gene, we locate the point mutations in the solved three-dimensional structure of the human G6PD protein. We found that class I mutations have the most deleterious effects on the structure and stability of the protein.
Influence of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Hypertension and Nephrotoxicity in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Patients
Authors: Semeniuk-Wojtaś Aleksandra , Lubas Arkadiusz , Stec Rafał , Szczylik Cezary , Niemczyk Stanisław
Published: December 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common kidney malignancies. An upgraded comprehension of the molecular biology implicated in the development of cancer has stimulated an increase in research and development of innovative antitumor therapies. The aim of the study was to analyze the medical literature for hypertension and renal toxicities as the adverse events of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway inhibitor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Eligible studies were phase III and IV prospective clinical trials, meta-analyses and retrospective studies that had described events of hypertension or nephrotoxicity for patients who received anti-VEGF therapy. A total of 48 studies were included in the systematic review. The incidence of any grade hypertension ranged from 17% to 49.6%. Proteinuria and increased creatinine levels were ascertained in 8% to 73% and 5% to 65.6% of patients, respectively. These adverse events are most often mild in severity but may sometimes lead to treatment discontinuation. Nephrotoxicity and hypertension are related to multiple mechanisms; however, one of the main disturbances in those patients is VEGF inhibition. There is a significant risk of developing hypertension and renal dysfunction among patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment; however, there is also some evidence that these side effects may be used as biomarkers of response to antiangiogenic agents.
Current Perspectives in Cardiac Laterality
Authors: Campione Marina , Franco Diego
Published: December 2016

The heart is the first organ to break symmetry in the developing embryo and onset of dextral looping is the first indication of this event. Looping is a complex process that progresses concomitantly to cardiac chamber differentiation and ultimately leads to the alignment of the cardiac regions in their final topology. Generation of cardiac asymmetry is crucial to ensuring proper form and consequent functionality of the heart, and therefore it is a highly regulated process. It has long been known that molecular left/right signals originate far before morphological asymmetry and therefore can direct it. The use of several animal models has led to the characterization of a complex regulatory network, which invariably converges on the Tgf-β signaling molecule Nodal and its downstream target, the homeobox transcription factor Pitx2. Here, we review current data on the cellular and molecular bases of cardiac looping and laterality, and discuss the contribution of Nodal and Pitx2 to these processes. A special emphasis will be given to the morphogenetic role of Pitx2 and to its modulation of transcriptional and functional properties, which have also linked laterality to atrial fibrillation.
Responses of Vascular Endothelial Cells to Photoembossed Topographies on Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Films
Authors: Qiu Lin , Hughes-Brittain Nanayaa , Bastiaansen Cees , Peijs Ton , Wang Wen
Published: December 2016

Failures of vascular grafts are normally caused by the lack of a durable and adherent endothelium covering the graft which leads to thrombus and neointima formation. A promising approach to overcome these issues is to create a functional, quiescent monolayer of endothelial cells on the surface of implants. The present study reports for the first time on the use of photoembossing as a technique to create polymer films with different topographical features for improved cell interaction in biomedical applications. For this, a photopolymer is created by mixing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TPETA) at a 1:1 ratio. This photopolymer demonstrated an improvement in biocompatibility over PMMA which is already known to be biocompatible and has been extensively used in the biomedical field. Additionally, photoembossed films showed significantly improved cell attachment and proliferation compared to their non-embossed counterparts. Surface texturing consisted of grooves of different pitches (6, 10, and 20 µm) and heights (1 µm and 2.5 µm). The 20 µm pitch photoembossed films significantly accelerated cell migration in a wound-healing assay, while films with a 6 µm pitch inhibited cells from detaching. Additionally, the relief structure obtained by photoembossing also changed the surface wettability of the substrates. Photoembossed PMMA-TPETA systems benefited from this change as it improved their water contact angle to around 70°, making it well suited for cell adhesion.
Effects of Perforation on Rigid PU Foam Plates: Acoustic and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lin Jia-Horng , Chuang Yu-Chun , Li Ting-Ting , Huang Chen-Hung , Huang Chien-Lin , Chen Yueh-Sheng , Lou Ching-Wen
Published: December 2016

Factories today are equipped with diverse mechanical equipment in response to rapid technological and industrial developments. Industrial areas located near residential neighborhoods cause massive environmental problems. In particular, noise pollution results in physical and psychological discomfort, and is a seen as invisible and inevitable problem. Thus, noise reduction is a critical and urgent matter. In this study, rigid polyurethane (PU) foam plates undergo perforation using a tapping machine. The mechanical and acoustic properties of these perforated plates as related to perforation rate and perforation depth are evaluated in terms of compression strength, drop-weight impact strength, and sound absorption coefficient. Experimental results indicate that applying the perforation process endows the rigid PU foaming plates with greater load absorption and better sound absorption at medium and high frequencies.
Cancer Preventive Activities of Tea Catechins
Authors: Yang Chung , Wang Hong
Published: December 2016

Catechins are widely occurring in our diet and beverages. The cancer-preventive activities of catechins have been extensively studied. Of these, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin in green tea, has received the most attention. The inhibitory activities of tea catechins against carcinogenesis and cancer cell growth have been demonstrated in a large number of laboratory studies. Many mechanisms for modulating cancer signaling and metabolic pathways have been proposed based on numerous studies in cell lines with EGCG, the most active tea catechin. Nevertheless, it is not known whether many of these mechanisms indeed contribute to the anti-cancer activities in animals and in humans. Human studies have provided some results for the cancer preventive activities of tea catechins; however, the activities are not strong. This article reviews the cancer preventive activities and mechanisms of action of tea catechins involving their redox activities, biochemical properties and binding to key enzymes or signal transduction proteins. These mechanisms lead to suppression of cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. The relevance of the proposed mechanisms for cancer prevention are assessed in the light of the situation in vivo. The potential and possible problems in the application of tea and tea-derived products for cancer prevention are discussed.
Correction: Zhao, J., et al. Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2016, 21, 1549
Authors: Zhao Jihui , Piao Xianghua , Shi Xiaoqin , Si Aiyong , Zhang Yongtai , Feng Nianping
Published: December 2016

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1].
Structural Determinants of Alkyne Reactivity in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoguang , Liu Peiye , Zhu Lei
Published: December 2016

This work represents our initial effort in identifying azide/alkyne pairs for optimal reactivity in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. In previous works, we have identified chelating azides, in particular 2-picolyl azide, as “privileged” azide substrates with high CuAAC reactivity. In the current work, two types of alkynes are shown to undergo rapid CuAAC reactions under both copper(II)- (via an induction period) and copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. The first type of the alkynes bears relatively acidic ethynyl C-H bonds, while the second type contains an N-(triazolylmethyl)propargylic moiety that produces a self-accelerating effect. The rankings of reactivity under both copper(II)- and copper(I)-catalyzed conditions are provided. The observations on how other reaction parameters such as accelerating ligand, reducing agent, or identity of azide alter the relative reactivity of alkynes are described and, to the best of our ability, explained.
Photostability and Performance of Polystyrene Films Containing 1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol Ring System Schiff Bases
Authors: Ali Gassan , El-Hiti Gamal , Tomi Ivan , Haddad Raghad , Al-Qaisi Alaa , Yousif Emad
Published: December 2016

Series of 4-(4-substituted benzylideneamino)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols were synthesized and their structures were confirmed. The synthesized Schiff bases were used as photostabilizers for polystyrene against photodegradation. Polystyrene polymeric films containing synthesized Schiff bases (0.5% by weight) were irradiated (λmax = 365 nm and light intensity = 6.43 × 10−9 ein·dm−3·s−1) at room temperature. The photostabilization effect of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols Schiff bases was determined using various methods. All the additives used enhanced the photostability of polystyrene films against irradiation compared with the result obtained in the absence of Schiff base. The Schiff bases can act as photostabilizers for polystyrene through the direct absorption of UV radiation and/or radical scavengers.
Nano Copper Oxide-Modified Carbon Cloth as Cathode for a Two-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Dong Feng , Zhang Peng , Li Kexun , Liu Xianhua , Zhang Pingping
Published: December 2016

In this work, Cu2O nanoparticles were deposited on a carbon cloth cathode using a facile electrochemical method. The morphology of the modified cathode, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests, showed that the porosity and specific surface area of the cathode improved with longer deposition times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that cupric oxide and cuprous oxide coexisted on the carbon cloth, which improved the electrochemical activity of cathode. The cathode with a deposition time of 100 s showed the best performance, with a power density twice that of bare carbon cloth. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that moderate deposition of nano copper oxide on carbon cloth could dramatically reduce the charge transfer resistance, which contributed to the enhanced electrochemical performance. The mediation mechanism of copper oxide nanocatalyst was illustrated by the fact that the recycled conversion between cupric oxide and cuprous oxide accelerated the electron transfer efficiency on the cathode.
Digital Mapping of Toxic Metals in Qatari Soils Using Remote Sensing and Ancillary Data
Authors: Peng Yi , Kheir Rania , Adhikari Kabindra , Malinowski Radosław , Greve Mette , Knadel Maria , Greve Mogens
Published: December 2016

After decades of mining and industrialization in Qatar, it is important to estimate their impact on soil pollution with toxic metals. The study utilized 300 topsoil (0–30 cm) samples, multi-spectral images (Landsat 8), spectral indices and environmental variables to model and map the spatial distribution of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Qatari soils. The prediction model used condition-based rules generated in the Cubist tool. In terms of R2 and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ), the models showed good predictive capabilities for all elements. Of all of the prediction results, Cu had the highest R2 = 0.74, followed by As > Pb > Cr > Zn > Ni. This study found that all of the models only chose images from January and February as predictors, which indicates that images from these two months are important for soil toxic metals’ monitoring in arid soils, due to the climate and the vegetation cover during this season. Topsoil maps of the six toxic metals were generated. The maps can be used to prioritize the choice of remediation measures and can be applied to other arid areas of similar environmental/socio-economic conditions and pollution causes.
Science, Technology and Innovation through Entrepreneurship Education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Hameed Irfan , Khan Muhammad , Shahab Atif , Hameed Imran , Qadeer Faisal
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways of achieving Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in UAE. Previously, sustainability within an entrepreneurship context has been related to economic viability as opposed to sustainability in its broadest sense. Through a survey research method, we have highlighted the effects of three independent variables and two intervening variables on three important outcomes, innovation, need for achievement and motivation, which ultimately contributes towards STI. These data have been collected from the students of a well-known university in Al-Ain, UAE. The responses of 251 students have been utilized for analysis. For hypotheses testing, we used AMOS 18 (Structural Equation Modeling) and SPSS 20. The study revealed that all of the predictors have a strong effect on the outcome variables, which leads to STI in UAE. There is a strong need to revise the curriculum of higher education institutions of UAE to develop self-confidence, locus of control and risk taking propensity among students. The study provides novel insight into entrepreneurship education and serves as an initial benchmark in the field.
Causal Analysis of Databases Concerning Electromagnetism and Health
Authors: Alonso-Stenberg Kristian , Lloret-Climent Miguel , Nescolarde-Selva Josué
Published: December 2016

In this article, we conducted a causal analysis of a system extracted from a database of current data in the telecommunications domain, namely the Eurobarometer 73.3 database arose from a survey of 26,602 citizens EU on the potential health effects that electromagnetic fields can produce. To determine the cause-effect relationships between variables, we represented these data by a directed graph that can be applied to a qualitative version of the theory of discrete chaos to highlight causal circuits and attractors, as these are basic elements of system behavior.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Egg-Shaped Sewer Pipes Flow Performance
Authors: Regueiro-Picallo Manuel , Naves Juan , Anta Jose , Puertas Jerónimo , Suárez Joaquín
Published: December 2016

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to analyze the open-channel flow in a new set of egg-shaped pipes for small combined sewer systems. The egg-shaped cross-section was selected after studying several geometries under different flow conditions. Once the egg-shaped cross-section was defined, a real-scale physical model was built and a series of partial-full flow experiments were performed in order to validate the numerical simulations. Furthermore, the numerical velocity distributions were compared with an experimental formulation for analytic geometries, with comparison results indicating a satisfactory concordance. After the hydraulic performance of the egg-shaped pipe was analyzed, the numerical model was used to compare the average velocity and shear stress against an equivalent area circular pipe under low flow conditions. The proposed egg shape showed a better flow performance up to a filling ratio of h/H = 0.25.
Preoperative low level laser therapy in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: A blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rogatko Cleo , Tennant Rachel , Baltzer Wendy
Published: December 2016

Objective: To evaluate the influence of pre-operative low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on therapeutic outcomes of dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).

Methods: Healthy dogs undergoing TPLO were randomly assigned to receive either a single preoperative LLLT treatment (800–900 nm dual wavelength, 6 W, 3.5 J/cm2, 100 cm2 area) or a sham treatment. Lameness assessment and response to manipulation, as well as force plate analysis, were performed pre-operatively, then again at 24 hours, two weeks, and eight weeks postoperatively. Radiographic signs of healing of the osteotomy were assessed at eight weeks postoperatively.

Results: Twenty-seven dogs (27 stifles) were included and no major complications occurred. At eight weeks postoperatively, a significant difference in peak vertical force analysis was noted between the LLLT (39.6% ± 4.7%) and sham groups (28.9% ± 2.6%), (p <0.01 Time, p <0.01 L). There were no significant differences noted between groups for all other parameters. The age of dogs in the LLLT group (6.6 ± 1.6 years) was greater than that for the sham group (4.5 ± 2.0, p <0.01). Although not significant, a greater proportion of LLLT dogs (5/8) had healed at the eight-week time point than in the sham group (3/12) despite the age difference (p = 0.11)

Clinical significance: The results of this study demonstrate that improved peak vertical force could be related to the preoperative use of LLLT for dogs undergoing TPLO at eight weeks postoperatively. The use of LLLT may improve postoperative return to function following ca-nine osteotomies and its use is recommended.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-12-0198.
A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry
Authors: Huang Xiao , Yang Li , Emanuelsson Rikard , Bergquist Jonas , Strømme Maria , Sjödin Martin , Gogoll Adolf
Published: December 2016

A new versatile polythiophene building block, 3-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)prop-1-yne (pyEDOT) (3), is prepared from glycidol in four steps in 28% overall yield. pyEDOT features an ethynyl group on its ethylenedioxy bridge, allowing further functionalization by alkyne chemistry. Its usefulness is demonstrated by a series of functionalized polythiophene derivatives that were obtained by pre- and post-electropolymerization transformations, provided by the synthetic ease of the Sonogashira coupling and click chemistry.
Subjective attitudes and counterstance contingency
Authors: Kennedy Christopher , Willer Malte
Published: December 2016

Across languages, SUBJECTIVE ATTITUDE VERBS (SAVs), such as English find, differ from ordinary doxastic attitude verbs (such as English believe) in that they require their complement to be subjective in a particular way. The goal of this paper is to develop a semantics for SAVs that predicts this fact but also captures the finer-grained differences between find-type SAVs and consider-type SAVs that make the former more restrictive than the latter. We propose that in terms of their core, at issue content, SAVs are just like believe in expressing a doxastic attitude towards the prejacent. They differ in that they introduce a presupposition that their prejacent is contingent with respect to a distinct set of discourse alternatives that we label COUNTERSTANCES: alternative common grounds that differ only in decisions about how to resolve semantic underdetermination. The larger theoretical significance of our proposal is that it supports a characterization of 'subjective language' as an essentially pragmatic, context-sensitive phenomenon, which does not correlate with semantic type (pace Sæbø) but derives from speakers' recognition of the possibility of counterstance.
INTELEKTINIO KAPITALO ĮTAKA VERSLO INTERNACIONALIZACIJOS PROCESAMS LIETUVOS ĮMONĖSE
Authors: Kalvionytė Aistė , Korsakienė Renata
Published: December 2016

Intelektinis kapitalas yra pagrindinis veiksnys, padedantis kurti įmonėje pridėtinę vertę, skatinantis ekonominį augimą ir didinantis konkurencingumą globalioje rinkoje. Globalizacijos kontekste auga mažų įmonių poreikis internacionalizuoti savo veiklą. Organizacijų internacionalizacijai didelę įtaką turi intelektinis, o ypač žmogiškasis kapitalas. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra apibendrinti mokslinėje literatūroje aptinkamą intelektinio kapitalo sampratą ir jo vertinimą, išryškinti jo reikšmę bei svarbą Lietuvos įmonių internacionalizacijai. Atliktas tyrimas grindžiamas mokslinės literatūros analize ir sinteze, intelektinio kapitalo bei internacionalizacijos klausimais.
APMOKESTINIMO TEISINGUMO IR SOCIALINĖS ATSAKOMYBĖS LIETUVOJE TYRIMAS
Authors: Valentinovič Jelena , Skačkauskienė Ilona
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas apmokestinimo teisingumo turinys, jo reikšmė bei suderinamumas su kitais apmokestinimo principais, analizuojami Lietuvos mokesčių sistemos formavimo ypatumai. Taip pat darbe nagrinėjama socialinės atsakomybės samprata ir jos įvertinimo galimybės, pateikiami kiekybiniai vertinimo metodai. Atliktas apmokestinimo teisingumo vertinimas leidžia teigti, kad šis principas Lietuvoje įgyvendintas tik iš dalies. Socialinės atsakomybės vertinimui pasitelkus kiekybinius ir kokybinius rodiklius, galima teigti, kad Lietuvoje kai kurie jos principai diegiami vis sėkmingiau. Tačiau pabrėž- tina, kad Lietuva gauna nemažas lėšų sumas iš ES šioms iniciatyvoms vykdyti, todėl, kai baigsis finansavimas, reikėtų stengtis pradėtas iniciatyvas ir projektus toliau vykdyti.
TIESIOGINIŲ UŽSIENIO INVESTICIJŲ ĮTAKOS BALTIJOS ŠALIŲ EKONOMINEI RAIDAI VERTINIMAS
Authors: Lukoševičiūtė Greta , Martinkutė-Kaulienė Raimonda
Published: December 2016

Stengiantis užtikrinti ekonominį augimą būtina atkreipti dėmesį į investicijas. Kuo didesnės investicijų apimtys ir jų pelningumas, tuo didesni šalies gamybos mastai ir aukštesni jos didėjimo tempai. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos tiesioginės už- sienio investicijos (TUI) Baltijos šalyse 2008–2014 metais. Pateikiamas teorinis tiesioginių užsienio investicijų daromos įtakos vertinimas šalies ekonominei raidai. Teoriškai analizuojami veiksniai, skatinantys tiesiogines užsienio investicijas. Remiantis statistiniais duomenimis, ištirta TUI srautų bei BVP dinamika Baltijos šalyse per 2008–2014 metus. Taikant koreliacinės regresinės analizės metodus tiriamas TUI ir BVP ryšys. Pagal tyrimo rezultatus įvertinama tiesioginių užsienio investicijų daroma įtaka Baltijos šalių ekonominei raidai.
TIESIOGINIŲ UŽSIENIO INVESTICIJŲ PLĖTROS SĄLYGOS GLOBALIZACIJOS PROCESŲ KONTEKSTE
Authors: Naulickaitė Justina , Solnyškinienė Jolanta
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje kompleksiškai vertinamos tiesioginės užsienio investicijos ir netolygaus tiesioginių užsienio investicijų srautų pritraukimo šalių atžvilgiu problema (tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiantys veiksniai). Atlikta teorinė studija, skirta tiesioginėms užsienio investicijoms, jų pritraukimo šiuolaikinėje globalizacijos aplinkoje reiškiniui, susisteminti empirinių tyrimų, vertinančių tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą lemiančius veiksnius, rezultatai. Parengtas tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiančių veiksnių vertinimo modelis, kurio pagrindu atliktas tyrimas, leidžiantis įvertinti tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą Centrinės ir Rytų Europos šalyse lemiančių veiksnių reikšmingumą ir poveikio kryptį, atsižvelgiant į šių veiksnių skirtumus tarp šių šalių ir šalių, investicijų šaltinių, taip pat atsižvelgiant į galimą laiko atžvilgiu atsiliekantį šių veiksnių poveikį ir į šalių pritraukiamų tiesioginių užsienio investicijų mastą.
AN ANALYSIS OF KEY FACTORS IN DEVELOPING A SMART CITY
Authors: Šiurytė Aidana , Davidavičienė Vida
Published: December 2016

The concept Smart City is used widely but it is perceived differently as well. Literature review reveals key elements of the Smart City – Information and Communication Technologies and Smart Citizens. Nevertheless, raising public awareness is not a priority of local municipalities which are trying to develop cities. Focus group discussion aims to analyse citizens’ insights in regards to the Smart City and their contribution to creation of it. Case study of Vilnius examines a position of municipality in developing city as smart. Study contains suggestions for the improvement of communication in the city. Methods employed: comparative literature analysis, focus group investigation, case study.
DARBO UŽMOKESČIO NELYGYBĖS ĮTAKA SOCIALINĖS ATSKIRTIES FENOMENO ATSIRADIMUI
Authors: Danilevičienė Irena
Published: December 2016

Socialinė atskirtis yra viena iš pagrindinių valstybiniu mastu aptariamų problemų. Mokslininkai įtraukia socialinę atskirtį nagrinėdami skurdo, nedarbo ir darbo užmokesčio nelygybės problemas, tačiau išsamių teorinių bei praktinių šio reiškinio studijų Lietuvoje beveik nėra. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – socialinė atskirtis kaip darbo užmokesčio nelygybės pasekmė. Straipsnio tikslas - įvertinti darbo užmokesčio nelygybės įtaką socialinės atskirties formavimuisi. Tikslui pasiekti yra iškelti tokie uždaviniai: išnagrinėti mokslinę literatūrą darbo užmokesčio ir socialinės atskirties srityje, įvertinti darbo užmokesčio nelygybės ir socialinės atskirties plėtros mastus bei pateikti minėtų problemų sprendimo pasiūlymus. Straipsnyje taikomi metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, teorinių ir praktinių teiginių sugretinimo metodas, statistinių duomenų analizė.
ŽINIŲ IR RYŠIŲ SĄSAJŲ ANALIZĖ TINKLUOSE
Authors: Katinienė Aušra
Published: December 2016

Globalizacijos procesai, informacinių technologijų pažanga sudaro sąlygas formuotis žinių ekonomikai, augimo galimybėms ir nulemia visuomenės gebėjimą kurti, naudoti ir nuolatos atnaujinti žinias. Organizacijos, siekiančios sujungti individų žinias ir panaudoti jas verslo procesams valdyti, vertei kurti, tikslinga naudoti tinklus. Tinkluose tiek organizacijas, tiek asmenis vienija bendras tikslas, skirtingų sričių greita žinių sklaida, lygiateisiškas bendravimas ir bendradarbiavimas. Todėl straispsyje analizuojama žinių svarba tinkluose, apibrėžiama tinklų ir tinklaveikos samprata. Formuojantis tinklinėms struktūroms, dalyvaujant tinkluose ir dalijantis žiniomis, tarp asmenų grupių atsiradę ryšiai, sudaro prielaidas žinioms sklisti greičiau, t. y. sukuriama žinių galia, todėl straipsnyje yra nagrinėjama žinių ir ryšių sąsajos bei pateikiama žinių galios formulė.
TECHNOLOGINIS ASPEKTAS ĮMONĖS DARNIOS PLĖTROS MODELIAVIME
Authors: Oželienė Danguolė , Drejeris Rolandas
Published: December 2016

Organizacijos nariai veikdami pagal tam tikrą technologiją siekia organizacijos tikslų. Darnios technologijos radikaliai sumažina gamtinių išteklių naudojimą, padeda gauti didesnę ekonominę naudą, gerina produkto/paslaugos kokybę, didina konkurencingumą, teikia įmonei socialinę, aplinkosauginę ir finansinę naudą. Technologija reikšminga tiek gamybos tiek paslaugų sektoriui. Straipsnio tikslas pagrįsti technologijos poreikį darnioje įmonių plėtroje ir pateikti įmonių darnios technologinės plėtros procesinį modelį. Tyrimui atlikti naudota sisteminė mokslinės literatūros analizė, lyginimas, apibendrinimas, loginė analizė. Sukurtas modelis numato esamos technologijos transformavimo į darnią arba darnios technologijos kūrimo galimybes, o produkto-paslaugos sistema didina įmonės veiklos efektyvumą ir leidžia pereiti prie kokybiškai naujos ir darnios technologijos įmonėse.
VERY BRIGHT PROMPT AND REVERSE SHOCK EMISSION OF GRB 140512A
Authors: Huang Xiao-Li , Xin Li-Ping , Yi Shuang-Xi , Zhong Shu-Qing , Qiu Yu-Lei , Deng Jin-Song , Wei Jian-Yan , Liang En-Wei
Published: December 2016

We report our observations of very bright prompt optical and reverse shock (RS) optical emission of GRB 140512A and analyze its multi-wavelength data observed with the Swift and Fermi missions. It is found that the joint optical–X-ray–gamma-ray spectrum with our first optical detection (R = 13.09 mag) at

s during the second episode of the prompt gamma-rays can be fit by a single power law with an index of −1.32 ± 0.01. Our empirical fit to the afterglow light curves indicates that the observed bright optical afterglow with R = 13.00 mag at the peak time is consistent with predictions of the RS and forward shock (FS) emission of external shock models. A joint optical–X-ray afterglow spectrum is well fit with an absorbed single power law, with an index evolving with time from −1.86 ± 0.01 at the peak time to −1.57 ± 0.01 at a late epoch, which could be due to the evolution of the ratio of the RS to FS emission fluxes. We fit the light curves with standard external models, and derive the physical properties of the outflow. It is found that the ratio

is 8187, indicating a high magnetization degree in the RS region. Measuring the relative radiation efficiency with

, we have R
e = 0.02, implying that the radiation efficiency of the RS is much lower than that in FS. We also show that the R
B of GRBs 990123, 090102, and 130427A are similar to that of GRB 140512A and their apparent difference may be mainly attributed to the difference of the jet kinetic energy, initial Lorentz factor, and medium density among them.
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF LONG-TERM INFRARED VARIABILITY AMONG YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN CHAMAELEON I
Authors: Flaherty Kevin M. , DeMarchi Lindsay , Muzerolle James , Balog Zoltan , Herbst William , Megeath S. Thomas , Furlan Elise , Gutermuth Robert
Published: December 2016

Infrared variability is common among young stellar objects, with surveys finding daily to weekly fluctuations of a few tenths of a magnitude. Space-based observations can produce highly sampled infrared light curves, but are often limited to total baselines of about 1 month due to the orientation of the spacecraft. Here we present observations of the Chameleon I cluster, whose low declination makes it observable by the Spitzer
Space Telescope over a 200-day period. We observe 30 young stellar objects with a daily cadence to better sample variability on timescales of months. We find that such variability is common, occurring in ∼80% of the detected cluster members. The change in [3.6]–[4.5] color over 200 days for many of the sources falls between that expected for extinction and fluctuations in disk emission. With our high cadence and long baseline we can derive power spectral density curves covering two orders of magnitude in frequency and find significant power at low frequencies, up to the boundaries of our 200-day survey. Such long timescales are difficult to explain with variations driven by the interaction between the disk and stellar magnetic field, which has a dynamical timescale of days to weeks. The most likely explanation is either structural or temperature fluctuations spread throughout the inner ∼0.5 au of the disk, suggesting that the intrinsic dust structure is highly dynamic.
CH AS A MOLECULAR GAS TRACER AND C-SHOCK TRACER ACROSS A MOLECULAR CLOUD BOUNDARY IN TAURUS
Authors: Xu(许铎) Duo , Li(李菂) Di
Published: December 2016

We present new observations of all three ground-state transitions of the methylidyne (CH) radical and all four ground-state transitions of the hydroxyl (OH) radical toward a sharp boundary region of the Taurus molecular cloud. These data were analyzed in conjunction with existing CO and dust images. The derived CH abundance is consistent with previous observations of translucent clouds (0.8 ≤ A

v
 ≤ 2.1 mag). The X(CH)-factor is nearly a constant (1.0 ± 0.06) × 1022 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s in this extinction range, with less dispersion than that of the more widely used molecular tracers CO and OH. CH turns out be a better tracer of total column density in such an intermediate extinction range than CO or OH. Compared with previous observations, CH is overabundant below 1 mag extinction. Such an overabundance of CH is consistent with the presence of a C-shock. CH has two kinematic components, one of which shifts from 5.3 to 6 km s−1, while the other stays at 6.8 km s−1 when moving from outside toward inside of the cloud. These velocity behaviors exactly match previous OH observation. The shifting of the two kinematic components indicates colliding streams or gas flow at the boundary region, which could be the cause of the C-shock.
RETURN OF THE KING: TIME-SERIES PHOTOMETRY OF FO AQUARII’S INITIAL RECOVERY FROM ITS UNPRECEDENTED 2016 LOW STATE
Authors: Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter , Kennedy Mark R. , Aadland Erin , Terndrup Donald M. , Calhoun Grace V. , Callanan Paul , Abe Lyu , Bendjoya Philippe , Rivet Jean-Pierre , Vernet David , Devogèle Maxime , Shappee Benjamin , Holoien Thomas , Heras Teófilo Arranz , Bonnardeau Michel , Cook Michael , Coulter Daniel , Debackère André , Dvorak Shawn , Foster James R. , Goff William , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Harris Barbara , Myers Gordon , Nelson Peter , Popov Velimir , Solomon Rob , Stein William L. , Stone Geoff , Vietje Brad
Published: December 2016

In 2016 May, the intermediate polar FO Aqr was detected in a low state for the first time in its observational history. We report time-resolved photometry of the system during its initial recovery from this faint state. Our data, which includes high-speed photometry with cadences of just 2 s, show the existence of very strong periodicities at 22.5 and 11.26 minutes, equivalent to the spin–orbit beat frequency and twice its value, respectively. A pulse at the spin frequency is also present but at a much lower amplitude than is normally observed in the bright state. By comparing our power spectra with theoretical models, we infer that a substantial amount of accretion was stream-fed during our observations, in contrast to the disk-fed accretion that dominates the bright state. In addition, we find that FO Aqr’s rate of recovery has been unusually slow in comparison to rates of recovery seen in other magnetic cataclysmic variables, with an e-folding time of 115 ± 7 days. The recovery also shows irregular variations in the median brightness of as much as 0.2 mag over a 10-day span. Finally, we show that the arrival times of the spin pulses are dependent upon the system’s overall brightness.
ON THE PRESENCE OF TWO POPULATIONS OF SUNSPOTS
Authors: Nagovitsyn Yury A. , Pevtsov Alexei A.
Published: December 2016

Using historical (1894–1976) and more modern (1977–2014) observations, we investigate statistical properties of distributions of sunspot areas and their long-term variations. We confirm the presence of two populations of sunspots with smaller and larger areas, and show that sunspot/group lifetime can be used to separate the two populations on small short-lived sunspot groups (SSG) and large long-lived groups (LLG). The area properties of LLG are nearly constant over the entire period of observations, while the SSGs show significant long-term variations. Based on the presence of long-term variations in one component and the absence of those in the other, we suggest that the production of two populations of sunspots (SSG and LLG) may be affected by different processes.
INFALL/EXPANSION VELOCITIES IN THE LOW-MASS DENSE CORES L492, L694-2, AND L1521F: DEPENDENCE ON POSITION AND MOLECULAR TRACER
Authors: Keown Jared , Schnee Scott , Bourke Tyler L , Francesco James Di , Friesen Rachel , Caselli Paola , Myers Philip , Williger Gerard , Tafalla Mario
Published: December 2016

Although surveys of infall motions in dense cores have been carried out for years, few surveys have focused on mapping infall across cores using multiple spectral-line observations. To fill this gap, we present IRAM 30 m telescope maps of N2H+(1–0), DCO+(2–1), DCO+(3–2), and HCO+(3–2) emission toward two prestellar cores (L492 and L694-2) and one protostellar core (L1521F). We find that the measured infall velocity varies with position across each core and choice of molecular line, likely as a result of radial variations in core chemistry and dynamics. Line-of-sight infall speeds estimated from DCO+(2–1) line profiles can decrease by 40–50 m s−1 when observing at a radial offset

pc from the core's dust continuum emission peak. Median infall speeds calculated from all observed positions across a core can also vary by as much as 65 m s−1, depending on the transition. These results show that while single-pointing, single-transition surveys of core infall velocities may be good indicators of whether a core is either contracting or expanding, the magnitude of the velocities they measure are significantly impacted by the choice of molecular line, proximity to the core center, and core evolutionary state.
ON VARIATIONS OF PRE-SUPERNOVA MODEL PROPERTIES
Authors: Farmer R. , Fields C. E. , Petermann I. , Dessart Luc , Cantiello M. , Paxton B. , Timmes F. X.
Published: December 2016

We explore the variation in single-star 15–30

, nonrotating, solar metallicity, pre-supernova MESA models that is due to changes in the number of isotopes in a fully coupled nuclear reaction network and adjustments in the mass resolution. Within this two-dimensional plane, we quantitatively detail the range of core masses at various stages of evolution, mass locations of the main nuclear burning shells, electron fraction profiles, mass fraction profiles, burning lifetimes, stellar lifetimes, and compactness parameter at core collapse for models with and without mass-loss. Up to carbon burning, we generally find that mass resolution has a larger impact on the variations than the number of isotopes, while the number of isotopes plays a more significant role in determining the span of the variations for neon, oxygen, and silicon burning. Choice of mass resolution dominates the variations in the structure of the intermediate convection zone and secondary convection zone during core and shell hydrogen burning, respectively, where we find that a minimum mass resolution of ≈0.01

is necessary to achieve convergence in the helium core mass at the ≈5% level. On the other hand, at the onset of core collapse, we find ≈30% variations in the central electron fraction and mass locations of the main nuclear burning shells, a minimum of ≈127 isotopes is needed to attain convergence of these values at the ≈10% level.
WEAK AND COMPACT RADIO EMISSION IN EARLY HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS. I. VLA OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Rosero V. , Hofner P. , Claussen M. , Kurtz S. , Cesaroni R. , Araya E. D. , Carrasco-González C. , Rodríguez L. F. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Loinard L. , Ellingsen S. P.
Published: December 2016

We present a high-sensitivity radio continuum survey at 6 and 1.3 cm using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array toward a sample of 58 high-mass star-forming regions. Our sample was chosen from dust clumps within infrared dark clouds with and without IR sources (CMC–IRs and CMCs, respectively), and hot molecular cores (HMCs), with no previous, or relatively weak radio continuum detection at the 1 mJy level. Due to the improvement in the continuum sensitivity of the Very Large Array, this survey achieved map rms levels of ∼3–10 μJy beam−1 at sub-arcsecond angular resolution. We extracted 70 continuum sources associated with 1.2 mm dust clumps. Most sources are weak, compact, and prime candidates for high-mass protostars. Detection rates of radio sources associated with the millimeter dust clumps for CMCs, CMC–IRs, and HMCs are 6%, 53%, and 100%, respectively. This result is consistent with increasing high-mass star formation activity from CMCs to HMCs. The radio sources located within HMCs and CMC–IRs occur close to the dust clump centers, with a median offset from it of 12,000 au and 4000 au, respectively. We calculated 5–25 GHz spectral indices using power-law fits and obtained a median value of 0.5 (i.e., flux increasing with frequency), suggestive of thermal emission from ionized jets. In this paper we describe the sample, observations, and detections. The analysis and discussion will be presented in Paper II.
ON THE ORIGIN OF C4H AND CH3OH IN PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES*
Authors: Lindberg Johan E. , Charnley Steven B. , Cordiner Martin A.
Published: December 2016

The formation pathways of different types of organic molecules in protostellar envelopes and other regions of star formation are subjects of intense current interest. We present here observations of C4H and CH3OH, tracing two distinct groups of interstellar organic molecules, toward 16 protostars in the Ophiuchus and Corona Australis molecular clouds. Together with observations in the literature, we present C4H and CH3OH data from single-dish observations of 40 embedded protostars. We find no correlation between the C4H and CH3OH column densities in this large sample. Based on this lack of correlation, a difference in line profiles between C4H and CH3OH, and previous interferometric observations of similar sources, we propose that the emission from these two molecules is spatially separated, with the CH3OH tracing gas that has been transiently heated to high (∼70–100 K) temperatures and the C4H tracing the cooler large-scale envelope where CH4 molecules have been liberated from ices. These results provide insight in the differentiation between hot
corino and warm carbon-chain chemistry in embedded protostars.
Motricité et préférence manuelle chez les enfants avec troubles du spectre de l’autisme : une nouvelle voie d’exploration des troubles, à partir d’une revue de la littérature
Authors: Morange-Majoux Françoise , Adrien Jean-Louis
Published: December 2016

Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme se caractérisent par des troubles de la communication et des interactions sociales et des activités restreintes et répétitives qui émergent dès les premiers mois de la vie. Outre ces troubles majeurs, les enfants avec autisme ont la particularité d’être plus fréquemment gaucher que le reste de la population et ceci dès la petite enfance. Toutefois, cette préférence manuelle spécifique n’a jamais été envisagée sous l’angle du développement de la spécialisation manuelle (compétences manuelles différenciées en fonction de la tâche) témoignant éventuellement d’un trouble de la spécialisation hémisphérique. Cet article a pour but de faire une revue de la littérature des recherches portant sur les interactions possiblement troublées entre spécialisations manuelle et hémisphérique, latéralité manuelle et langage chez les enfants avec autisme.
Développement de l’enfant dans sa quatrième année : quel lien avec le blues postnatal ?
Authors: Bydlowski Sarah , Hooge Lespagno Fabienne , Garrau Agnès , Salhi Martine , Apter Gisèle , Lalanne Christophe , Golse Bernard , Vaivre-Douret Laurence
Published: December 2016

Notre recherche est une étude longitudinale se déroulant de la naissance à l’âge de quatre ans d’enfants dont les mères ont traversé soit un blues postnatal ordinaire, soit un blues triste, intense et durable, soit une absence de blues. Le blues ordinaire contribuerait à une meilleure régulation du nouveau-né et des interactions mère-bébé, puis à un développement global favorable de l’enfant. En revanche, un blues du post-partum triste, intense et durable constituerait l’indice d’une psychopathologie maternelle et serait associé à des difficultés d’ajustement interactif mère-bébé à deux mois, avec un développement de l’enfant globalement entravé dans sa quatrième année. Les enfants dont les mères n’ont pas traversé de blues pourraient être plus excitables.
Quelle « démocratie écologique » ?
Authors: Petit Victor , Guillaume Bertrand
Published: December 2016

Il est possible de présenter la crise écologique sans parler de démocratie, comme il est possible de parler de la crise démocratique sans parler d’écologie. Ce papier vise au contraire à critiquer ce type d’approches et à questionner le lien entre « crise écologique » et « crise démocratique ». Ce lien s’est récemment cristallisé en France autour des propositions de « démocratie écologique » de Dominique Bourg et Kenny Whiteside, qui ont été largement débattues. Nous en résumerons ici certains éléments centraux pour apporter une autre vision d’une « démocratie écologique », moins institutionnelle, et plus politique, que nous résumons sous l’appellation de « démocratie des communs ».
La performance des structures tunisiennes d’accompagnement des créateurs d’entreprises
Authors: Paturel Robert , Maalel Imen
Published: December 2016

L’objectif de cet article est notamment de tenter d’évaluer la performance de l’intervention des structures d’accompagnement, d’en relever les limites et d’essayer de proposer quelques recommandations pour l’améliorer. Cette évaluation a été réalisée grâce à une étude qualitative effectuée en 2009 et à une étude quantitative conduite en 2013, portant sur treize structures d’accompagnement tunisiennes. Les résultats ont été regroupés pour les 13 structures afin de percevoir plus aisément les limites des accompagnements. Les recommandations que nous proposons seront d’ordre général, c’est-à-dire s’appliquant à la majorité des structures de même type, et d’ordre plus spécifique au contexte tunisien.