bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into the role of PC- and PCP-type palladium catalysts in asymmetric hydrophosphination of activated alkenes incorporating potential coordinating heteroatoms
Authors: Yang Xiang-Yuan , Jia Yu-Xiang , Tay Wee Shan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak-Hing
Published: July 2016

An investigation of PC- and PCP-type catalysts in asymmetric hydrophosphination of activated alkenes with multiple potential coordinating heteroatoms was conducted.
Structure–activity relationship for the solid state emission of a new family of “push–pull” π-extended chromophores
Authors: Nitti Andrea , Villafiorita-Monteleone Francesca , Pacini Aurora , Botta Chiara , Virgili Tersilla , Forni Alessandra , Cariati Elena , Boiocchi Massimo , Pasini Dario
Published: July 2016

We report the design, synthesis, molecular optical properties, and solid state emissive behaviour of a series of novel compounds, which, similar to the archetypal AIE luminogen tetraphenylethene, are formed of a central olefin stator and decorated with either three or four rotors. These rotors, being either electron-rich substituted benzenes, or electron-withdrawing functional groups (esters, ketones, cyano groups) confer a “push–pull” character to the overall molecular structure. Building on both new and already published contributions, a comprehensive picture of the properties and the potential of these compounds is provided.
Design, microfabrication, and characterization of a moulded PDMS/SU-8 inkjet dispenser for a Lab-on-a-Printer platform technology with disposable microfluidic chip
Authors: Bsoul Anas , Pan Sheng , Cretu Edmond , Stoeber Boris , Walus Konrad
Published: July 2016

A disposable inkjet dispenser is developed and integrated with microfluidics to demonstrate a Lab-on-a-Printer enabling on-the-fly manipulation of printed materials.
More than just recruitment: the X-domain influences catalysis of the first phenolic coupling reaction in A47934 biosynthesis by Cytochrome P450 StaH
Authors: Ulrich Veronika , Peschke Madeleine , Brieke Clara , Cryle Max J.
Published: July 2016

Cytochrome P450 StaH catalyses the first cyclisation reaction in the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotic A47934viarecruitment to the NRPS machinery through interaction with the X-domain.
A combined experimental and computational study on the interaction of nitrogen mustards with DNA
Authors: Bonsaii Mahyar , Gholivand Khodayar , Abdi Khosrou , Valmoozi Ali Asghar Ebrahimi , Khosravi Morteza
Published: July 2016

In the present work, we suggest that the role of water in the reaction of nitrogen mustards with DNA is more than what was thought before. Nitrogen mustards become activated when they are hydrated by water.
Conjugated 5-fluorouracil with mitochondria-targeting lipophilic cation: design, synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Wang Jia , Fan Xiao-Yang , Yang Li-Yun , He Huan , Huang Rong , Jiang Feng-Lei , Liu Yi
Published: July 2016

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was linked with mitochondria-targeting lipophilic cation F16 by three kinds of vulnerable bonds.
Amperometric sensor for ascorbic acid using a gold electrode modified with ZnO@SiO2nanospheres
Authors: Khan Sher Bahadar , Ahmed Md Sameer , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: July 2016

A highly sensitive sensor based on ZnO@SiO2nanospheres has been developed for the detection of ascorbic acid. The developed sensor is very simple and has been fabricated using low cost materials.
Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons approach to piperlongumine analogues with potent anti-cancer activity
Authors: Han Li-Chen , Stanley Paul A. , Wood Paul J. , Sharma Pallavi , Kuruppu Anchala I. , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Moses John E.
Published: July 2016

Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons approach to a selection of piperlongumine-like compounds from a novel phosphonoacetamide reagent.
Dipyrrolylpyrimidines as anion-responsive π-electronic systems
Authors: Haketa Yohei , Tamura Yuki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: July 2016

Dipyrrolylpyrimidines synthesized by coupling reactions exhibited anion-binding abilities with the inversion of pyrrole rings. In the solid state, anion complexes of dipyrrolylpyrimidines formed charge-by-charge columnar structures in combination with counter cations.
Green alternative solvents for the copper-catalysed arylation of phenols and amides
Authors: Sambiagio Carlo , Munday Rachel H. , John Blacker A. , Marsden Stephen P. , McGowan Patrick C.
Published: July 2016

The use of alkyl acetates as green organic solvents for the Cu-catalysed arylation of phenols and amides is reported.
The dielectric properties and charge transport mechanism of π-conjugated segments decorated with intrinsic conducting polymer
Authors: Tahalyani Jitendra , Rahangdale Khushbu K. , K Balasubramanian
Published: July 2016

In this study, flexible solid polymeric composite (FSPC) films comprising a poly-blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) decorated with different doses of the intrinsic conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) have been fabricated via solution casting.
Dynamic motions of DNA molecules in an array of plasmonic traps
Authors: Choi Jun-Hee , Kim Jung-Dae , Lee Yong-Gu
Published: July 2016

The dynamic motion of a DNA near a plasmonic nanohole.
Micropatterned arrays of functional materials by self-organized dewetting of ultrathin polymer films combined with electrodeposition
Authors: Saurakhiya Neelam , Sachan Priyanka , Kumar Rudra , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: July 2016

Directed dewetting of polymer films is established as a viable large area patterning tool for selective growth of functional oxides.
Cross-linked nanofilms for tunable permeability control in a composite microdomain system
Authors: Biswas Aniket , Nagaraja Ashvin T. , You Yil-Hwan , Roberts Jason R. , McShane Michael J.
Published: July 2016

Use of cross-linked nanofilms to manipulate the permeability of analytes in LbL microcapsule enabled nanocomposite devices.
Renewable waste rice husk grafted oxo-vanadium catalyst for oxidation of tertiary amines to N-oxides
Authors: Panwar Vineeta , Bansal Ankushi , Ray Siddharth S. , Jain Suman L.
Published: July 2016

Low cost renewable waste rice husks (RH) have been used as a support for grafting of an oxo-vanadium Schiff base via covalent attachment for the oxidation of tertiary amines to N-oxide.
Three-dimensional Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanowire and nanofiber hybrid membrane as a self-standing, binder-free cathode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jing Mao-xiang , Pi Zhi-chao , Zhai Hong-ai , Li Jing-quan , Chen Li-li , Shen Xiang-qian , Xi Xiao-ming , Xiao Ke-song
Published: July 2016

A three-dimensional (3D) mace-like Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanowire and nanofiber hybrid membrane was prepared for self-standing, bind-free electrodes.
Selective and sensitive colorimetric sensor for CN− in the absence and presence of metal ions (Cu2+/Ni2+): mimicking logic gate behaviour
Authors: Maurya Nirma , Bhardwaj Shubhrajyotsna , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2016

Enone based anion sensors have significance due to their colorimetric reaction upon deprotonation and variable occurrence in the conjugated moiety.
HSA targets multiple Aβ42 species and inhibits the seeding-mediated aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregates
Authors: Wang Conggang , Cheng Fang , Xu Li , Jia Lingyun
Published: July 2016

HSA inhibits Aβ42 fibrillation and cytotoxicity through interfering with different stages of Aβ42 fibrillation and targeting different Aβ42 intermediate aggregates.
Control of consistent ordering in π-conjugated polymer films for organic field-effect transistor applications
Authors: Pei Mingyuan , Park Kwang Hun , Jang Mi , Lee Sang Bong , Ahn Joongyu , Kim Yun-Hi , Yang Hoichang
Published: July 2016

A conjugated copolymer, pDPP-(TV)2B-2DO, including donor and acceptor blocks of 1,4-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene and diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, respectively, was synthesized for organic field-effect transistor applications.
Positive/negative electrocaloric effect induced by defect dipoles in PZT ferroelectric bilayer thin films
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Li Weili , Hou Yafei , Yu Yang , Cao Wenping , Feng Yu , Fei Weidong
Published: July 2016

Double hysteresis loops induced by defect dipoles are obtained in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3 ferroelectric bilayer thin films prepared by a sol–gel method.
Influence of Ni on enhanced catalytic activity of Cu/Co3O4 towards reduction of nitroaromatic compounds: studies on the reduction kinetics
Authors: Deka Pangkita , Choudhury Rimjim , Deka Ramesh C. , Bharali Pankaj
Published: July 2016

Addition of Ni significantly enhances the reaction rates of Cu/Co3O4 for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.
Correction: Competitive adsorption of a pool of pharmaceuticals onto a raw clay mineral
Authors: Thiebault T. , Boussafir M. , Le Forestier L. , Le Milbeau C. , Monnin L. , Guégan R.
Published: July 2016

Correction for ‘Competitive adsorption of a pool of pharmaceuticals onto a raw clay mineral’ by T. Thiebault et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 65257–65265.
Electrochemically tuneable multi-colour electrochemiluminescence using a single emitter
Authors: Haghighatbin Mohammad A. , Lo Shih-Chun , Burn Paul L. , Hogan Conor F.
Published: July 2016

A single component electrochemiluminescence system from which red, green, blue or white emission can be obtained, depending on the applied potential or the mode of the ECL experiment, is described.
Structural and dynamic insights into the subtype-specific IP3-binding mechanism of the IP3 receptor
Authors: Lee Su Youn , Yoo Hee-Seop , Choi Hye-Seung , Chung Ka Young , Seo Min-Duk
Published: July 2016

There are three subtypes of vertebrate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R), a Ca2+-release channel on the ER membrane — IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3 — each of which has a distinctive role in disease development. To determine the subtype-specific IP3-binding mechanism, we compared the thermodynamics, thermal stability, and conformational dynamics between the N-terminal regions of IP3R1 (IP3R1-NT) and IP3R3 (IP3R3-NT) by performing circular dichroism (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Previously determined crystal structures of IP3R1-NT and HDX-MS results from this study revealed that both IP3R1 and IP3R3 adopt a similar IP3-binding mechanism. However, several regions, including the α- and β-interfaces, of IP3R1-NT and IP3R3-NT show significantly different conformational dynamics upon IP3 binding, which may explain the different IP3-binding affinities between the subtypes. The importance of the interfaces for subtype-specific IP3 binding is also supported by the different dynamic conformations of the two subtypes in the apo-states. Furthermore, IP3R1-NT and IP3R3-NT show different IP3-binding affinities and thermal stabilities, but share similar thermodynamic properties for IP3 binding. These results collectively provide new insights into the mechanism underlying IP3 binding to IP3Rs and the subtype-specific regulatory mechanism.
Improved bearings‐only target tracking with iterated Gaussian mixture measurements
Authors: Zhang Qian , Song Taek Lyul
Published: July 2016

In this study, a novel iterated Gaussian mixture measurements filter is proposed to represent the measurement likelihood function (LF) with Gaussian mixtures more precisely. The proposed approach recalculates the range interval using updated track components, and the LF is remodelled with Gaussian mixtures for the new range interval. Then, every regenerated measurement component is used to update all of the predicted track components for generating new updated track components. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in bearings‐only target tracking.
Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b
Authors: Lee E. , Dobbs-Dixon I. , Helling Ch. , Bognar K. , Woitke P.
Published: July 2016

Context.Observations of exoplanet atmospheres have revealed the presence of cloud particles in their atmospheres. 3D modelling of cloud formation in atmospheres of extrasolar planets coupled to the atmospheric dynamics has long been a challenge.

Aims.We investigate the thermo-hydrodynamic properties of cloud formation processes in the atmospheres of hot Jupiter exoplanets.

Methods.We simulate the dynamic atmosphere of HD 189733b with a 3D model that couples 3D radiative-hydrodynamics with a kinetic, microphysical mineral cloud formation module designed for RHD/GCM exoplanet atmosphere simulations. Our simulation includes the feedback effects of cloud advection and settling, gas phase element advection and depletion/replenishment and the radiative effects of cloud opacity. We model the cloud particles as a mix of mineral materials which change in size and composition as they travel through atmospheric thermo-chemical environments. All local cloud properties such as number density, grain size and material composition are time-dependently calculated. Gas phase element depletion as a result of cloud formation is included in the model. In situ effective medium theory and Mie theory is applied to calculate the wavelength dependent opacity of the cloud component.

Results.We present a 3D cloud structure of a chemically complex, gaseous atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. Mean cloud particle sizes are typically sub-micron (0.01−0.5μm) at pressures less than 1 bar with hotter equatorial regions containing the smallest grains. Denser cloud structures occur near terminator regions and deeper (~1 bar) atmospheric layers. Silicate materials such as MgSiO3[s] are found to be abundant at mid-high latitudes, while TiO2[s] and SiO2[s] dominate the equatorial regions. Elements involved in the cloud formation can be depleted by several orders of magnitude.

Conclusions.The interplay between radiative-hydrodynamics and cloud kinetics leads to an inhomogeneous, wavelength dependent opacity cloud structure with properties differing in longitude, latitude and depth. This suggests that transit spectroscopy would sample a variety of cloud particles properties (sizes, composition, densities).
Absolute dosimetric characterization of Gafchromic EBT3 and HDv2 films using commercial flat-bed scanners and evaluation of the scanner response function variability
Authors: Chen S. N. , Gauthier M. , Bazalova-Carter M. , Bolanos S. , Glenzer S. , Riquier R. , Revet G. , Antici P. , Morabito A. , Propp A. , Starodubtsev M. , Fuchs J.
Published: July 2016

Radiochromic films (RCF) are commonly used in dosimetry for a wide range of radiation sources (electrons, protons, and photons) for medical, industrial, and scientific applications. They are multi-layered, which includes plastic substrate layers and sensitive layers that incorporate a radiation-sensitive dye. Quantitative dose can be retrieved by digitizing the film, provided that a prior calibration exists. Here, to calibrate the newly developed EBT3 and HDv2 RCFs from Gafchromic™, we used the Stanford Medical LINAC to deposit in the films various doses of 10 MeV photons, and by scanning the films using three independent EPSON Precision 2450 scanners, three independent EPSON V750 scanners, and two independent EPSON 11000XL scanners. The films were scanned in separate RGB channels, as well as in black and white, and film orientation was varied. We found that the green channel of the RGB scan and the grayscale channel are in fact quite consistent over the different models of the scanner, although this comes at the cost of a reduction in sensitivity (by a factor ∼2.5 compared to the red channel). To allow any user to extend the absolute calibration reported here to any other scanner, we furthermore provide a calibration curve of the EPSON 2450 scanner based on absolutely calibrated, commercially available, optical density filters.
Characterization of reclaimed GaAs substrates and investigation of reuse for thin film InGaAlP LED epitaxial growth
Authors: Englhard M. , Klemp C. , Behringer M. , Rudolph A. , Skibitzki O. , Zaumseil P. , Schroeder T.
Published: July 2016

This study reports a method to reuse GaAs substrates with a batch process for thin film light emitting diode (TF-LED) production. The method is based on an epitaxial lift-off technique. With the developed reclaim process, it is possible to get an epi-ready GaAs surface without additional time-consuming and expensive grinding/polishing processes. The reclaim and regrowth process was investigated with a one layer epitaxial test structure. The GaAs surface was characterized by an atomic force microscope directly after the reclaim process. The crystal structure of the regrown In0.5(Ga0.45Al0.55)0.5P (Q55) layer was investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. In addition, a complete TF-LED grown on reclaimed GaAs substrates was electro-optically characterized on wafer level. The crystal structure of the epitaxial layers and the performance of the TF-LED grown on reclaimed substrates are not influenced by the developed reclaim process. This process would result in reducing costs for LEDs and reducing much arsenic waste for the benefit of a green semiconductor production.
The magnetism and spin-dependent electronic transport properties of boron nitride atomic chains
Authors: An Yipeng , Zhang Mengjun , Wu Dapeng , Fu Zhaoming , Wang Tianxing , Jiao Zhaoyong , Wang Kun
Published: July 2016

Very recently, boron nitride atomic chains were successively prepared and observed in experiments [O. Cretu et al., ACS Nano 8, 11950 (2015)]. Herein, using a first-principles technique, we study the magnetism and spin-dependent electronic transport properties of three types of BN atomic chains whose magnetic moment is 1 μB for BnNn−1, 2 μB for BnNn, and 3 μB for BnNn+1 type atomic chains, respectively. The spin-dependent electronic transport results demonstrate that the short BnNn+1 chain presents an obvious spin-filtering effect with high spin polarization ratio (>90%) under low bias voltages. Yet, this spin-filtering effect does not occur for long BnNn+1 chains under high bias voltages and other types of BN atomic chains (BnNn−1 and BnNn). The proposed short BnNn+1 chain is predicted to be an effective low-bias spin filters. Moreover, the length-conductance relationships of these BN atomic chains were also studied.
Pinch-off of axisymmetric vortex pairs in the limit of vanishing vortex line curvature
Authors: Sadri V. , Krueger P. S.
Published: July 2016

Pinch-off of axisymmetric vortex pairs generated by flow between concentric cylinders with radial separation ΔR was studied numerically and compared with planar vortex dipole behavior. The axisymmetric case approaches planar vortex dipole behavior in the limit of vanishing ΔR. The flow was simulated at a jet Reynolds number of 1000 (based on ΔR and the jet velocity), jet pulse length-to-gap ratio (LΔR) in the range 10–20, and gap-to-outer radius ratio (ΔRRo) in the range 0.01-0.1. Contrary to investigations of strictly planar flows, vortex pinch-off was observed for all gap sizes investigated. This difference was attributed to the less constrained geometry considered, suggesting that even very small amounts of vortex line curvature and/or vortex stretching may disrupt the absence of pinch-off observed in strictly planar vortex dipoles.
Numerical simulations of shoaling internal solitary waves of elevation
Authors: Xu Chengzhu , Subich Christopher , Stastna Marek
Published: July 2016

We present high-resolution, two- and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of large amplitude internal solitary waves of elevation on the laboratory scale, shoaling onto and over a small-amplitude shelf. The three-dimensional, mapped coordinate, spectral collocation method used for the simulations allows for accurate modelling of both the shoaling waves and the bottom boundary layer. The shoaling of the waves is characterized by the formation of a quasi-trapped core which undergoes a spatially growing stratified shear instability at its edge and a lobe-cleft instability in its nose. Both of these instabilities develop and three-dimensionalize concurrently, leading to strong bottom shear stress. We explore significant regions of Schmidt and Reynolds number space and demonstrate that the formation of shear instabilities during shoaling is robust and should be readily observable in a number of standard laboratory setups. In the experiments with a corrugated bottom boundary, boundary layer separation is found inside each of the corrugations during shoaling. This more complex boundary layer phenomenology precludes the formation of the lobe-cleft instability almost completely and hence provides a different mechanism for fluid and material exchange across the bottom boundary layer. Our analyses suggest that all of these wave-induced instabilities can lead to enhanced turbulence in the water column and increased shear stress on the bottom boundary. Through the generation and evolution of these instabilities, the shoaling of internal solitary waves of elevation is likely to provide systematic mechanisms for material mixing, cross-boundary layer transport, and sediment resuspension.
Magnetic cluster expansion model for random and ordered magnetic face-centered cubic Fe-Ni-Cr alloys
Authors: Lavrentiev M. Yu. , Wróbel J. S. , Nguyen-Manh D. , Dudarev S. L. , Ganchenkova M. G.
Published: July 2016

A Magnetic Cluster Expansion model for ternary face-centered cubic Fe-Ni-Cr alloys has been developed, using DFT data spanning binary and ternary alloy configurations. Using this Magnetic Cluster Expansion model Hamiltonian, we perform Monte Carlo simulations and explore magnetic structures of alloys over the entire range of compositions, considering both random and ordered alloy structures. In random alloys, the removal of magnetic collinearity constraint reduces the total magnetic moment but does not affect the predicted range of compositions where the alloys adopt low-temperature ferromagnetic configurations. During alloying of ordered fcc Fe-Ni compounds with Cr, chromium atoms tend to replace nickel rather than iron atoms. Replacement of Ni by Cr in ordered alloys with high iron content increases the Curie temperature of the alloys. This can be explained by strong antiferromagnetic Fe-Cr coupling, similar to that found in bcc Fe-Cr solutions, where the Curie temperature increase, predicted by simulations as a function of Cr concentration, is confirmed by experimental observations. In random alloys, both magnetization and the Curie temperature decrease abruptly with increasing chromium content, in agreement with experiment.
Large magnetoresistance in Heusler-alloy-based epitaxial magnetic junctions with semiconducting Cu(In0.8Ga0.2)Se2 spacer
Authors: Kasai S. , Takahashi Y. K. , Cheng P.-H. , Ikhtiar  , Ohkubo T. , Kondou K. , Otani Y. , Mitani S. , Hono K.
Published: July 2016

We investigated the structure and magneto-transport properties of magnetic junctions using a Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) Heusler alloy as ferromagnetic electrodes and a Cu(In0.8Ga0.2)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductor as spacers. Owing to the semiconducting nature of the CIGS spacer, large magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of 40% at room temperature and 100% at 8 K were obtained for low resistance-area product (RA) values between 0.3 and 3 Ω μm2. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the fully epitaxial growth of the chalcopyrite CIGS layer, and the temperature dependence of RA indicated that the large MR was due to spin dependent tunneling.
Effects of the electrical parameters and gas flow rate on the generation of reactive species in liquids exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma jets
Authors: Baek Eun Jeong , Joh Hea Min , Kim Sun Ja , Chung T. H.
Published: July 2016

In this work, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet was fabricated and studied for plasma–liquid interactions. The plasma jet consists of a quartz-covered pin electrode and outer quartz tube with a tapered nozzle. Using the current–voltage (I-V) and optical emission characteristics of the plasma jet, the plasma density and the speed of the plume were investigated. The optical emission spectra clearly indicated the excited NO, O, OH, N2, and N2+ in the plasma plumes. Then the plasma jets were applied to the deionized water. We investigated the effects of the operating parameters such as applied voltage, pulse frequency, and gas flow rate on the generation of reactive species in the gas and liquid phases. The densities of reactive species including OH radicals were obtained at the plasma–liquid surface and inside the plasma-treated liquids using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and chemical probe method. The nitrite concentration was detected by Griess assay. The data are very suggestive that there is a strong correlation among the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the plasmas and liquids.
Signal pulse emulation for scintillation detectors using Geant4 Monte Carlo with light tracking simulation
Authors: Ogawara R. , Ishikawa M.
Published: July 2016

The anode pulse of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled with a scintillator is used for pulse shape discrimination (PSD) analysis. We have developed a novel emulation technique for the PMT anode pulse based on optical photon transport and a PMT response function. The photon transport was calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo code and the response function with a BC408 organic scintillator. The obtained percentage RMS value of the difference between the measured and simulated pulse with suitable scintillation properties using GSO:Ce (0.4, 1.0, 1.5 mol%), LaBr3:Ce and BGO scintillators were 2.41%, 2.58%, 2.16%, 2.01%, and 3.32%, respectively. The proposed technique demonstrates high reproducibility of the measured pulse and can be applied to simulation studies of various radiation measurements.
Origin of double-line structure in nonsequential double ionization by few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhong Mingmin , Wu Zhengmao
Published: July 2016

We investigate nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of molecules by few-cycle laser pulses at the laser intensity of 1.2–1.5 × 1014 W/cm2 using the classical ensemble model. The same double-line structure as the lower intensity (1.0 × 1014 W/cm2) is also observed in the correlated electron momentum spectra for 1.2–1.4 × 1014 W/cm2. However, in contrast to the lower intensity where NSDI proceeds only through the recollision-induced double excitation with subsequent ionization (RDESI) mechanism, here, the recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism has a more significant contribution to NSDI. This indicates that RDESI is not necessary for the formation of the double-line structure and RESI can give rise to the same type of structure independently. Furthermore, we explore the ultrafast dynamics underlying the formation of the double-line structure in RESI.
Tension-compression asymmetry and twin boundaries spacings effects in polycrystalline Ni nanowires
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhou Jianqiu
Published: July 2016

Tension-compression asymmetry could be a notable feature in many nanocrystalline (NC) materials. The scientific and practical research on the tension-compression asymmetry may play an important role of improving the mechanical behavior of NC materials. Using large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at the strain rate of 109 s−1, both tension and compression tests are complemented in twin-structural polycrystalline Ni nanowires (NWs). The MD simulation suggests that twin boundaries spacing (TBS) has an interesting effect on the tension-compression asymmetry. For NW (radius = 9 nm) with different TBSs, the flow stresses are totally higher under compression than under tension. The asymmetry gets a minimum value at a particular TBS. Such results can be explained by the interplay of the work of dislocations mechanism under various TBSs and the free surface in NWs.
Trap-assisted recombination for ohmic-like contact at p-type Cu(In,Ga)Se2/back n-type TCO interface in superstrate-type solar cell
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Arai Hiroyuki , Minemoto Takashi
Published: July 2016

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with superstrate-type structure of soda-lime glass (SLG)/epoxy/Al/ZnO:Al (AZO)/ZnO/CdS/CIGS/back n-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrode/Al are fabricated by lift-off process. AZO or In2O3:Sn (ITO) is used as the back n-type TCO electrode. Ohmic-like contact between p-type CIGS and n-type D-TCO (damage-TCO), namely, D-AZO or D-ITO, is formed through the trap-assisted recombination. The D-TCO, meaning TCO with high sputtering damage on the CIGS surface, is prepared under the optimization of its deposition condition, namely, the power density of 2.4 W/cm2 for D-AZO or 3.3 W/cm2 for D-ITO, for high defect density on the CIGS surface to promote the trap-assisted recombination. Ultimately, the superstrate-type CIGS solar cell with a bi-layer of D-AZO/AZO as back n-type TCO electrode with conversion efficiency (η) of 9.2% is achieved, which is 70% of η of the substrate-type CIGS solar cell before lift-off process. The bi-layer of D-AZO/AZO is utilized owing to high resistivity of D-AZO (about 0.1 Ω cm). On the other hand, the superstrate-type CIGS solar cell with D-ITO as the back n-type TCO electrode with η of 10.4% is attained, which is 93.7% of η of the substrate-type CIGS solar cell, where the resistivity of the D-ITO layer is low at about 5.0 × 10−3 Ω cm.
Effects of deposition rate on the structure and electron density of evaporated BaSi2 films
Authors: Hara Kosuke O. , Trinh Cham Thi , Arimoto Keisuke , Yamanaka Junji , Nakagawa Kiyokazu , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Suemasu Takashi , Usami Noritaka
Published: July 2016

In order to control the electrical properties of an evaporated BaSi2 film, which is an emerging candidate for the absorber-layer material of earth-abundant thin-film solar cells, we have investigated the effects of deposition rate on the produced phases, microstructure, and carrier density of the thin films grown by thermal evaporation of BaSi2. X-ray diffraction results show that a high substrate temperature is necessary for BaSi2 formation at a high deposition rate, which is discussed from viewpoints of vapor composition and diffusion time. Microstructural characteristics such as grain size of 30–120 nm, oxide particle arrays present around the interface, and partial oxidation at a low substrate temperature are revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. With increasing deposition rate, the crystalline quality of BaSi2 is found to improve, as evidenced by a decrease in full-width at half maximum of a [Si4]4− vibration band in Raman spectra. At the same time, electron density, which is determined by Hall measurement, decreases with deposition rate. The variation of electron density is discussed on the basis of microstructural characteristics and BaSi2 formation mechanism. The most probable reason is concluded to be composition deviation from stoichiometry.
Two-dimensional plasmons in lateral carbon nanotube network structures and their effect on the terahertz radiation detection
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Otsuji T. , Ryzhii M. , Leiman V. G. , Fedorov G. , Goltzman G. N. , Gayduchenko I. A. , Titova N. , Coquillat D. , But D. , Knap W. , Mitin V. , Shur M. S.
Published: July 2016

We consider the carrier transport and plasmonic phenomena in the lateral carbon nanotube (CNT) networks forming the device channel with asymmetric electrodes. One electrode is the Ohmic contact to the CNT network and the other contact is the Schottky contact. These structures can serve as detectors of the terahertz (THz) radiation. We develop the device model for collective response of the lateral CNT networks which comprise a mixture of randomly oriented semiconductor CNTs (s-CNTs) and quasi-metal CNTs (m-CNTs). The proposed model includes the concept of the collective two-dimensional (2D) plasmons in relatively dense networks of randomly oriented CNTs (CNT “felt”) and predicts the detector responsivity spectral characteristics exhibiting sharp resonant peaks at the signal frequencies corresponding to the 2D plasmonic resonances. The detection mechanism is the rectification of the ac current due the nonlinearity of the Schottky contact current-voltage characteristics under the conditions of a strong enhancement of the potential drop at this contact associated with the plasmon excitation. The detector responsivity depends on the fractions of the s- and m-CNTs. The burning of the near-contact regions of the m-CNTs or destruction of these CNTs leads to a marked increase in the responsivity in agreement with our experimental data. The resonant THz detectors with sufficiently dense lateral CNT networks can compete and surpass other THz detectors using plasmonic effects at room temperatures.
Effects of the molecule-electrode interface on the low-bias conductance of Cu–H2–Cu single-molecule junctions
Authors: Jiang Zhuoling , Wang Hao , Shen Ziyong , Sanvito Stefano , Hou Shimin
Published: July 2016

The atomic structure and electronic transport properties of a single hydrogen molecule connected to both symmetric and asymmetric Cu electrodes are investigated by using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with the density functional theory. Our calculations show that in symmetric Cu–H2–Cu junctions, the low-bias conductance drops rapidly upon stretching, while asymmetric ones present a low-bias conductance spanning the 0.2–0.3 G0 interval for a wide range of electrode separations. This is in good agreement with experiments on Cu atomic contacts in a hydrogen environment. Furthermore, the distribution of the calculated vibrational energies of the two hydrogen atoms in the asymmetric Cu–H2–Cu junction is also consistent with experiments. These findings provide clear evidence for the formation of asymmetric Cu–H2–Cu molecular junctions in breaking Cu atomic contacts in the presence of hydrogen and are also helpful for the design of molecular devices with Cu electrodes.
InN thin-film transistors fabricated on polymer sheets using pulsed sputtering deposition at room temperature
Authors: Lye Khe Shin , Kobayashi Atsushi , Ueno Kohei , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

Indium nitride (InN) is potentially suitable for the fabrication of high performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) because of its high electron mobility and peak electron velocity. However, InN is usually grown using a high temperature growth process, which is incompatible with large-area and lightweight TFT substrates. In this study, we report on the room temperature growth of InN films on flexible polyimide sheets using pulsed sputtering deposition. In addition, we report on the fabrication of InN-based TFTs on flexible polyimide sheets and the operation of these devices.
Air-void embedded GaN-based light-emitting diodes grown on laser drilling patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Yufeng , Wang Shuai , Feng Lungang , Xiong Han , Su Xilin , Yun Feng
Published: July 2016

Air-void structure was introduced in GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LED) with one-step growth on periodic laser drilling patterned sapphire substrate, which free of any photolithography or wet/dry etching process. The influence of filling factors (FF) of air-void on crystal quality and optical performance were investigate. Transmission electron microscopy images and micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated that the dislocation was bended and the partially compressed strain was released. When FF was 55.43%, compared with the LED structure grown on flat sapphire substrate, the incorporation of air-void was observed to reduce the compressed stress of ∼20% and the luminance intensity has improved by 128%. Together with the simulated reflection intensity enhancement by finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we attribute the enhanced optical performance to the combined contribution of strong back-side light reflection of air-void and better GaN epitaxial quality. This approach provides a simple replacement to the conventional air-void embedded LED process.
Growth of monolithic full-color GaN-based LED with intermediate carrier blocking layers
Authors: El-Ghoroury Hussein S. , Yeh Milton , Chen J. C. , Li X. , Chuang Chih-Li
Published: July 2016

Specially designed intermediate carrier blocking layers (ICBLs) in multi-active regions of III-nitride LEDs were shown to be effective in controlling the carrier injection distribution across the active regions. In principle, the majority of carriers, both holes and electrons, can be guided into targeted quantum wells and recombine to generate light of specific wavelengths at controlled current-densities. Accordingly we proposed and demonstrated a novel monolithic InGaN-based LED to achieve three primary colors of light from one device at selected current densities. This LED structure, which has three different sets of quantum wells separated with ICBLs for three primary red-green-blue (RGB) colors, was grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Results show that this LED can emit light ranging from 460 to 650 nm to cover the entire visible spectrum. The emission wavelength starts at 650 nm and then decreases to 460 nm or lower as the injection current increases. In addition to three primary colors, many other colors can be obtained by color mixing techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of monolithic full-color LED grown by a simple growth technique without using re-growth process.
Effect of electric-field modulation of magnetic parameters on domain structure in MgO/CoFeB
Authors: Dohi T. , Kanai S. , Okada A. , Matsukura F. , Ohno H.
Published: July 2016

We observe magnetic domain structures of MgO/CoFeB with a perpendicular magnetic easy axis under an electric field. The domain structure shows a maze pattern with electric-field dependent isotropic period. The analysis of the period indicates a major role of the electric-field modulation of interfacial magnetic anisotropy for the observation and possible contribution from electric-field modulation of the exchange stiffness constant.
Sexually transmissible infection control programs for men who have sex with men – what will they look like in 2020?
Authors: Refugio Oliver N. , Roberts Chelsea , West Richard , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2016

The resurgence of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men is a concern for sexual health. Traditional strategies have relied on the promotion of condom use, regular testing, treatment, and partner management. Future sexually transmissible infection control programs must combine current prevention methods with novel approaches that target the providers, patients, and mechanisms of health care delivery.
Kinetically guided colloidal structure formation
Authors: Hecht Fabian M. , Bausch Andreas R.
Published: July 2016

Significance

The well-studied self-organization of colloidal particles is predicted to result in a variety of fascinating applications. Yet, whereas self-assembly techniques are extensively explored, designing and producing mesoscale-sized objects remains a major challenge, as equilibration times and thus structure formation timescales become prohibitively long. Asymmetric mesoscopic objects, without prior introduction of asymmetric particles with all its complications, are out of reach––due to the underlying principle of thermal equilibration. In the present article, we introduce a strategy to overcome these limitations on the mesoscale. By controlling and stirring the process of diffusion-limited cluster aggregation introducing DNA hybridization-mediated heteroparticle aggregation, we are able to produce finite-sized anisotropic structures on the mesoscale.
Heterometallic antenna−reactor complexes for photocatalysis
Authors: Swearer Dayne F. , Zhao Hangqi , Zhou Linan , Zhang Chao , Robatjazi Hossein , Martirez John Mark P. , Krauter Caroline M. , Yazdi Sadegh , McClain Michael J. , Ringe Emilie , Carter Emily A. , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J.
Published: July 2016

Significance

Plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis holds significant promise for controlling chemical reaction rates and outcomes. Unfortunately, traditional plasmonic metals have limited surface chemistry, while conventional catalysts are poor optical absorbers. By placing a catalytic reactor particle adjacent to a plasmonic antenna, the highly efficient and tunable light-harvesting capacities of plasmonic nanoparticles can be exploited to drastically increase absorption and hot-carrier generation in the reactor nanoparticles. We demonstrate this antenna−reactor concept by showing that plasmonic aluminum nanocrystal antennas decorated with small catalytic palladium reactor particles exhibit dramatically increased photocatalytic activity over their individual components. The modularity of this approach provides for independent control of chemical and light-harvesting properties and paves the way for the rational, predictive design of efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.
Virtual lexicogrammar
Authors: Glaz Adam
Published: July 2016

In this chapter, a proposal is made to anchor considerations on the lexicon-grammar continuity in the notions of metonymy and virtuality. In cognitive linguistics, as discussed subsequently in the chapter, metonymy is viewed as operating at the very heart of language, i.e. within the linguistic sign. But rather than being an ultimate prime, it is shown here to derive from a more fundamental phenomenon of the virtual as real – this is linked with Ronald Langacker’s idea of the indeterminacy of grammatical coding. Following this, a view of lexicogrammar is proposed such that metonymy-qua-virtuality operates at all levels of linguistic complexity because it operates within the very network of relationships between linguistic form, conceptualization, and the real world.
What? You and me get together? The place of the Incredulity Response Construction in the lexicon-syntax continuum
Authors: Szcześniak Konrad
Published: July 2016

This study reviews the form and meaning of the Incredulity Response Construction (IRC), a closed-class form claimed by various cognitive linguists to evince fairly unusual properties justifying its special construction status. I will attempt to demonstrate that both the form and the function of the construction are consistent with traditional characterizations of items located on the syntactic side of the lexicon-syntax continuum. Additionally, I argue that the meaning in question is not exactly that of disbelief, but is instead more general, making it possible to express a wider range of emotional responses. The IRC is not an exceptional construction removed from broadly conceived core syntax. Therefore, at least this construction cannot be used to question the traditional lexicon-syntax division.
Contrastive analysis of keywords in discourses
Authors: Schröter Melani , Veniard Marie
Published: July 2016

This article suggests a theoretical and methodological framework for a systematic contrastive discourse analysis across languages and discourse communities through keywords. This constitutes a lexical approach to discourse analysis which is considered to be particularly fruitful for comparative analysis. We use a corpus-assisted methodology, presuming meaning to be constituted, revealed, and constrained by collocation environment. We compare the use of the keywordsintégration/Integrationin French and German public discourses about migration on the basis of newspaper corpora built from two French and German newspapers from 1998 to 2011. We look at the frequency of these keywords over the given time span, group collocates into thematic categories, and discuss indicators of discursive salience by comparing the development of collocation profiles over time in both corpora as well as the occurrence of neologisms and compounds based onintégration/Integration.
Gender in Hinuq and other Nakh-Daghestanian languages
Authors: Forker Diana
Published: July 2016

Nakh-Daghestanian languages are known for their relatively elaborate gender systems and the impact the systems have on the grammar of the languages, most notably on verbal agreement. This paper explores the gender system of Hinuq with its five genders, taking into account semantic and formal principles for gender assignment and the rules of verbal and nonverbal gender agreement. Moreover, the paper discusses the Hinuq gender system within the wider context of Nakh-Daghestanian gender systems and possible social and cultural influences on these systems.
Language rights in Catalonia and the constitutional right to secede from Spain
Authors: Faingold Eduardo D.
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the linguistic rights of Catalonia as stated in the Statutes of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979 and 2006 and the Spanish Constitution of 1978. In addition, it studies the ruling of the Constitutional Court of Spain of 2010 which annulled or reinterpreted articles of the Statute of 2006, including Article 6.1 which declares Catalan as the “preferential” language of Catalonia. The paper offers some suggestions for improving language rights for speakers of Catalan, both within the Spanish state and the European Union, to help de-escalate language conflict between Catalonia and the Spanish state.
A network model of language policy and planning
Authors: McEntee-Atalianis Lisa J.
Published: July 2016

This article contributes to recent critical discussion of ‘agency’ in language policy and planning (LPP) research and practice. It argues that whilst scholars have widened their purview to consider the impact of individual actors on LPP in different contexts, the field has not developed or embraced theoretical and methodological frameworks which satisfactorily model or investigate thenetworkof actor impact on LPP. This article analyzes the current status of LPP at the United Nations (UN). Taking the ‘Actor-Stage Model’ (Zhao & Baldauf, 2012) as a theoretical point of departure, the article discusses and analyzes the most recent review of LPP within the UN. It becomes apparent that a network of agents is responsible for LPP development, influence and implementation within the organization. This ‘web of influence’ is schematized using a network model which accounts for the implicit and explicit responsibility of multiple actors / ‘experts’ within and outside of the organization. A sub-analysis of institutional LPP goals reveals the ‘polycentric’ and ‘relational’ nature of influence within and across multiple ‘nodes’. It is argued that the network model and the concept of ‘web of influence’ is crucial in de- and re-constructing particular LPP goals and serves as a useful heuristic for those investigating or working within similar sites of inter/transnational integration as well as LPP in other macro, meso or micro-contexts.