bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentos ontológicos do debate sobre seleção e edição do genoma
Authors: Furtado Rafael Nogueira
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho problematiza os pressupostos ontológicos assumidos no debate bioético sobre a seleção e edição do genoma humano. Com vistas ao manejo de desordens genéticas, diferentes terapêuticas têm sido empregadas clínica e experimentalmente, desde a década de 1990. Entre as estratégias de tratamento destacam-se a seleção de embriões (mediante diagnóstico genético pré-implantação) e a terapia gênica (mediante edição genética). O desenvolvimento destas técnicas suscita discussões acerca de suas implicações éticas. O presente artigo postula que distintas concepções de humanidade podem ser identificadas nas discussões, as quais fundamentam posicionamentos acerca de intervenções sobre o genoma da espécie. O artigo busca analisar essas concepções, percorrendo três passos. Primeiramente, apresenta-se o contexto biomédico de aplicação da seleção e edição do genoma humano. Em seguida, são evidenciadas discussões sobre os aspectos éticos de tais intervenções. Por fim, explicitam-se diferentes concepções de humanidade que fundamentam as referidas discussões, de maneira a problematizá-las, tendo em vista a noção de justiça distributiva.
Significados atribuídos ao alimento por pacientes com Anorexia Nervosa e por mulheres jovens eutróficas
Authors: Manochio Marina Garcia , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Valdanha-Ornelas Élide Dezoti , Dos Santos José Ernesto , Dressler William , Pessa Rosane Pilot
Published: February 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os significados atribuídos ao alimento por pacientes com Anorexia Nervosa (AN) e por jovens eutróficas sem sintomas de Transtornos Alimentares. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, comparativo e transversal. Foram entrevistadas 12 mulheres distribuídas em dois grupos focais: um composto por seis participantes com diagnóstico de AN, que frequentavam um serviço especializado (grupo de pacientes: GP) e outro, de comparação (GC), constituído por seis mulheres, eutróficas e sem sintomas de AN. Os encontros foram audiogravados e transcritos na íntegra. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e o marco teórico-conceitual da antropologia da alimentação, focalizando os significados do alimento e o valor simbólico das práticas alimentares. Verificou-se, em ambos os grupos, que os alimentos despertam uma gama de sentimentos paradoxais, variando desde prazer à repulsa, repúdio, nojo, culpa e medo. No GP, os significados são norteados pela importância capital atribuída ao conteúdo calórico em vez do valor nutricional dos alimentos. Para compreensão das práticas alimentares na anorexia, os profissionais devem estar atentos às determinações culturais, sociais e políticas que atravessam esse fenômeno, evitando a individualização do problema.
Adolescente usuário de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Porta Daniele Dalla , Cardinal Mirela Frantz , Paim Bruna Rios , Sarzi Diana Mara , Mello Amanda de Lemos , Siqueira Daiana Foggiato de , Terra Marlene Gomes
Published: February 2022

O estudo objetivou conhecer a concepção de profissionais que atuam no Conselho Tutelar e no Judiciário acerca da rede de cuidado ao adolescente usuário de substâncias psicoativas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 profissionais que atuavam na assistência e/ou no Judiciário em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da análise de conteúdo, os resultados evidenciaram a importância de ações de prevenção envolvendo a família e a escola, bem como dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais na rede, como a alta demanda de adolescentes, falta de recursos humanos, problemas na comunicação entre os serviços que compõem a rede, infraestrutura precária e alta rotatividade dos profissionais nos serviços. Conclui-se ser complexa, mas necessária, a articulação entre os distintos espaços de que o adolescente participa para que o cuidado seja ofertado de maneira integral e intersetorial.
Corpo em sofrimento, afirmação de uma vida
Authors: Munhoz Roos Bibiana , Vier Munhoz Angelica
Published: February 2022

Esta escrita tem por objetivo questionar a suposta ditadura da felicidade que vivemos atualmente. Reproduzimos e consumimos modelos de vida sem questionar aquilo que eles têm produzido em nós, colocando-nos a serviço de uma felicidade pautada como modo de recompensa. Pretende-se compreender de que modo a experiência do sofrimento e da fraqueza fazem parte de uma ética afirmativa de vida, a partir do pensamento de Nietzsche e Spinoza. Busca-se pensar para além dos discursos reclamatórios e negacionistas de sofrimento, que acabam por minimizar a potência de nossa existência. O corpo, nessa medida, encontra-se vedado e anestesiado à experiência sensível, enquanto seguimos manuais que acreditamos conter o segredo da felicidade, sem espaço para o sofrimento. Pretende-se encontrar possibilidades de desvios desses modos de pensar o corpo e a vida, com vista a tornar o cotidiano mais leve, percebendo o sofrimento e, até mesmo a morte, sob uma outra ótica, distante de qualquer julgamento moral ou representacional.
Fracasso Escolar: naturalização ou construção histórico-cultural?
Authors: Siqueira Pinheiro Silvia Nara , Couto Maria Laura de Oliveira , Carvalho Hudson Cristiano Wander de , Pinheiro Henrique Siqueira
Published: February 2022

O estudo objetiva investigar se o fracasso escolar continua sendo naturalizado. Para isso foi traçado o perfil social, educacional, emocional e neurológico de crianças atendidas no Projeto de Extensão “Avaliação e Intervenção em crianças com história de Fracasso Escolar”, desenvolvido em um Ambulatório de Neurodesenvolvimento. Foram analisados os prontuários de 13 crianças, utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS e análise temática. Verificou-se que as crianças apresentaram uma média de 10,3 anos, sendo a maior parte meninos (84,6%). A maioria (61,5%) com queixas relacionadas a problemas de aprendizagem e comportamento e fazendo uso de psicoestimulantes. As características são compatíveis com outros estudos realizados em instituições como clínicas-escola de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Constatou-se que os alunos ainda são responsabilizados pelo fracasso, atribuindo-se a este um caráter biológico, naturalizado, que, portanto, precisa ser medicalizado. Evidencia-se a necessidade da realização de estudos que investiguem como se produz a queixa do fracasso escolar.
Mãos negras sobre papéis brancos
Authors: Silva Aline Gomes , Venâncio Ana Paula , Baião Jonê Carla
Published: February 2022

carta de três negras mulheres a Paulo Freire.
Managerial ownership and executive compensations: Interaction and impact on earnings management practices in an emerging economy
Authors: Abu-Serdaneh Jamal , Ghazalat Anas
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to examine the relationship between executive compensations and earnings management. Also, it investigates whether managerial ownership influences that relation for the non-financial firms listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2010–2019. The study provides evidence that firms with a higher level of executive compensations are associated with a low level of earnings management practices. Results also show that the mitigating role of executive compensations is moderated in firms with managerial ownership, and executive compensations level in firms with managerial ownership is unlikely to be effective. In an attempt to maximize the personal interest, managers with sufficient ownership managed earnings in an opportunistic way to exploit the minority interest through taking advantage of the compensations contracts loopholes.
Community assembly, functional traits and phylogeny in Himalayan river birds
Authors: Sinha Ankita , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Krishnamurthy Ramesh , Ormerod Stephen
Published: February 2022

Heterogeneity in riverine habitats acts as a template for species
evolution that influences river communities at different spatio-temporal
scales. Although birds are conspicuous elements of these communities,
the roles of phylogeny, functional traits and habitat character in their
niche-use or species’ assembly have seldom been investigated. We
explored these themes by surveying multiple headwaters over 3000 m of
elevation in the Himalayan Mountains of India where specialist river
birds reach their greatest diversity on Earth. After ordinating
community composition, species traits and habitat character, we
investigated whether river-bird traits varied with elevation in ways
that were constrained or independent of phylogeny, hypothesising that
trait patterns reflect environmental filtering. Community composition
and trait representation varied strongly with elevation and river
naturalness as species that foraged in the river/riparian ecotone gave
way to small insectivores with obligate links to the river channel.
These trends were influenced strongly by phylogeny as communities became
more clustered by functional traits at higher elevation. Phylogenetic
signals varied among traits, however, and were reflected in body mass,
bill size and tarsus length more than in body size, tail length and
breeding strategy. These variations imply that community assembly in
high altitude river birds reflects a blend of phylogenetic constraint
and habitat filtering coupled with some proximate niche-based moulding
of trait character. We suggest that the regional co-existence of river
birds in the Himalaya is facilitated by the same array of factors that
together reflect the highly heterogeneous template of river habitats
provided by these mountain headwaters.
Enhanced thermal characteristics of CuO embedded lauric acid phase change material
Authors: Ayyasamy Leema , Mohan Anbarasu , Rex Lawrence , Sivakumar Vidhya , Dhanasingh Sivalinga , Sivasamy Paulsamy
Published: February 2022

A new composite Phase change material (PCM) was fabricated by adding 0.05,
0.1, 0.15, 0.2 wt% CuO nanoparticles (NPs) into lauric acid, separately.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphological
structures of as-prepared nanoparticles, and XRD analysis was used to
characterize their crystalline structure. The phase change properties (phase
change temperatures and latent heats) of lauric acid and composite PCMs were
obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using a laser flash
analyzer (LFA), the thermal conductivity enhancement of the composite PCMs
was evaluated. The thermal reliability analysis was implemented to ascertain
the results of the composite PCMs over long periods.
Innovative Strategies in Designing the Micro-Credentials Module
Authors: Tukiman Norbaiti , Ng Set Foong , Ab Jabal Mohamad Faizal , Mohamad Yunos Nurhazirah , Ahmad Nur Intan Syafinaz , Khalid Ahmad Khudzairi , Din Rosseni , Samsudin Surieyani
Published: February 2022

The twenty-first century is marked by rapid and disruptive change. In such a fast-paced economy, individuals either workers or students must be able to reskill and upskill in order to stay on top of it. However, not everyone has the opportunity to enter a higher education institution to obtain the certificate for the required skills. Thus, Micro-Credential Courses are the solution to develop one's skills and they are eligible for everyone. Therefore, this research aims to present a unique and innovative strategy to develop and manage the process of designing Micro-Credentials module in Mathematics topic, specifically Functions. The observational study is applied to analyse the strategy in developing the modules developed by the educators in Universiti Teknologi MARA Campus Johor. The educators have proposed a series of strategies in developing the Micro-Credentials module based on the basic principles recommended by Malaysian Qualifications Agency, namely outcome-based, personalised, on-demand, transparent, secure and shareable. The findings revealed that the Micro-Credentials developed and designed based on these basic principles is suitable to be implemented in online distance learning. The designed module provides shorter duration course, flexible education model and enable workers or students to reskill and upskill on a particular mathematics topic.
Factors Influencing Spectator Attendance in Sports: A Comparison Between Kedah FA and Johor Darul Takzim Fans (JDT FC)
Authors: Mohd Aznan Ellail Ain , Awang Nor Shamira , Abu Bakar Al Hafiz , Md Yusof Mohd Khairulanwar , Mohd Rosli Norfaezah , Mohd Yazid Siti Amalina
Published: February 2022

One of the biggest draws for people watching a game at any sporting facility or stadium is the scenery. The quality of the sport scape will influence the enjoyment of viewers attending the match; this study focuses on the sport scape factors influenced by KEDAH FA and JDT FC fans’ attendance. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in sport scape characteristics that influenced attendance between Kedah FA and Johor Darul Takzim fans (JDT FC). A total of 380 questionnaires were handed out to Kedah FA and JDT FC supporters. The instrument’s questionnaire for this study was based on the sport scape variables and attendance motivation. The results demonstrate a significant difference in attendance motivated by sport scape variables between Kedah FA and Johor Darul Takzim (JDT FC) fans (p<0.05), with JDT FC fans having a higher mean of 3.10 compared to Kedah FA fans who had a mean of 2.68. According to the survey, JDT FC fans are more motivated to attend the match due to the high quality of the sporting environment. This study agrees that sport scape features will drive spectators to visit the stadium or sports facility; nevertheless, future research could focus on other variables such as satisfaction.
Acción social y escritura creativa: un binomio fructífero
Authors: Blanco García Amaya
Published: February 2022

El concepto bahá’í de acción social descansa sobre la base de que el desarrollo material y el espiritual deben ir de la mano para conseguir un avance holístico, teniendo en cuenta que el concepto de espiritualidad también es redefinido a la luz de sus enseñanzas. Por otra parte, Bahá’u’lláh, el fundador de la Fe bahá’í, afirma que: “El propósito del conocimiento debería ser la promoción del bienestar de la gente y esto puede conseguirse a través de las artes”. Dado que la generación de conocimiento y capacidad es otro de los pilares de la acción social desarrollada por la comunidad bahá’í, el papel de las artes está cobrando, cada vez, mayor relevancia en este ámbito. El presente artículo analiza un caso práctico de aprendizaje y servicio llevado a cabo en la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria en el que, al aunar este concepto de acción social con la escritura creativa, se han obtenido evidencias de que el arte puede nutrirse de los procesos de cambio social y viceversa.
Filogeografía de mitogenomas indígenas de Uruguay
Authors: Figueiro Gonzalo , Mut Patricia , Ale Lucas , Flores-Gutiérrez Sara , Greif Gonzalo , Hidalgo Pedro C. , Luna Lorena , Ackermann Elizabeth , Negro Raúl Germán , Spangenberg Lucía , Naya Hugo , Sans Mónica
Published: February 2022

Recientemente, diversos estudios sobre la población uruguaya han demostrado que está conformada por desiguales aportes de europeos, africanos y pueblos originarios, entre otros. El aporte indígena es mayor cuando se analiza la contribución por línea materna, aunque su origen étnico/geográfico no es claro, ni tampoco cuándo ni cómo llegaron los distintos grupos. Para aportar al conocimiento del poblamiento prehistórico e histórico del territorio y sus relaciones con otras poblaciones se analizan, por secuenciación masiva, 32 genomas mitocondriales completos (mitogenomas) de habitantes actuales del país, identificados previamente por sus regiones hipervariables como correspondientes a los cuatro haplogrupos principales de origen americano. Se determinaron siete nuevos subhaplogrupos (A2be, A2bf, B2an, C1d1h, C1b30, C1b31 y D1x), otro se redenominó (C1d1d - actual C1d1g) y se plantea la revisión de los criterios de asignación de B2b6 y D1g5. Se estimó la antigüedad de los subhaplogrupos nuevos, que varía entre 4554 y 11985 años, con la excepción de C1d1g, cuya edad fue estimada en 20736 años. Algunas secuencias pudieron ser vinculadas a distintos grupos étnicos o a diversas regiones geográficas, como Amazonia, Chaco, Pampa, o Andes. Se discuten las nuevas asignaciones desubhaplogrupos y las de algunos previamente definidos, así como su distribución geográfica y antigüedad, con relación al panorama general de América del Sur.
Evaluación de dos modelos de estimación de la edad basado en medidas de translucidez dentinal de la raíz en caninos inferiores permanentes
Authors: Garizoain Gonzalo , Plischuk Marcos , Salceda Susana Alicia , García Marcela Nilda
Published: February 2022

La edad cronológica es una de las características que puede estimarse mediante el análisis de los dientes. Algunos de los métodos más utilizados para su estimación, tal como el basado en la translucidez de la dentina, emplean variables continuas, por lo que suelen aplicar regresiones lineales. Sin embargo, es conocido que muchos indicadores morfológicos varían de manera no lineal con respecto a la edad. En este sentido ha sido demostrado que en ciertos segmentos de la distribución de datos la edad no se ajusta de manera precisa a la recta de la regresión. A raíz de la problemática suscitada, se analizarán en este trabajo dos modelos de estimación de la edad basados en regresiones, una lineal y otra logarítmica. En primer lugar, se generaron los modelos a partir de medidas de translucidez de la raíz en caninos inferiores permanentes a partir del método propuesto por Lamendin, para lo cual se tomó una muestra de dientes pertenecientes a restos esqueléticos de la colección Lambre (La Plata, Argentina). Posteriormente dichos modelos se evaluaron en una muestra independiente (colección Museo Anatómico, Valladolid, España). La edad resultó ser un factor de incidencia en las estimaciones, aumentando el error en los individuos de edades avanzadas. Por otro lado, el modelo logarítmico presentó menores errores en las estimaciones aplicado a la muestra general.
Increasing tourniquet number has no effect on amikacin concentration within the radiocarpal joint in horses undergoing intravenous regional limb perfusion
Authors: Bergstrom Thomas C. , Kilcoyne Isabelle , Magdesian K. Gary , Nieto Jorge E.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) performed in the cephalic vein with a wide rubber tourniquet (WRT) applied proximal and distal to the carpus results in a higher peak concentration (Cmax) of amikacin in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ), compared with the Cmax for IVRLP using a single WRT proximal to the carpus.

Animals

7 healthy adult horses.

Procedures

Horses underwent IVRLP using standing sedation with 2 g of amikacin sulfate diluted to 60 mL by use of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in the cephalic vein with 2 different tourniquet techniques; proximal WRT (P) and proximal and distal WRT (PD). Synovial fluid was collected from the RCJ at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP. Tourniquets were removed after the 30-minute sample was collected. Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 29, and 31 minutes after IVRLP. Amikacin concentration was quantified by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Median peak concentration (Cmax) of amikacin and time to maximum drug concentration (Tmax) within the RCJ were determined.

Results

Median peak concentration in the RCJ was 1331.4 μg/mL with technique P and 683.1 μg/mL with technique PD. Median Tmax occurred at 30 minutes with technique P and 25 minutes with technique PD. No significant (Cmax, P = 0.18; Tmax, P = 0.6) difference in amikacin Cmax or Tmax between techniques was detected.

Clinical Relevance

Placement of 2 WRTs offers no advantage to a single proximal WRT when performing IVRLP to deliver maximal amikacin concentrations to the RCJ using IVRLP.
Influence of forest growth conditions on the density of wood in the Amur region
Authors: Romanova Natalia A. , Zhirnov Alexander B. , Yust Natalia A. , Fucheng Xu
Published: February 2022

In the system of logging machines, a factor such as the density of wood affects all components of the system. However this dependence can be more noticeable in the performance of wood felling, where logging machines have approximately the same saw body, such as a chain saw. In this regard, the problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones and therefore the properties of the woof differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The research results showed that in the Amur region at a humidity of 70% the density of larch varies from 745 to 1 089 kg m−3, pine from 435 to 1 081 kg m−3, birch from 403 to 878 kg m−3.
Forest educators as bearers and implementers of deep ecology ideas
Authors: Macháčková Karolina
Published: February 2022

People think very little about the consequences of consumer and ecological manners. Responsibility for raising children to sustainable behaviour is transmitted to educational institutions that bear the full weight of this burden. Non-teaching experts such as foresters enter the educational process. These specialists are called “forest educators”. At the 14th European Forest Pedagogics Congress 2019 in Latvia, 167 forest educators from Europe met, and 52 of them were willing to participate in a qualitative research survey. This paper aimed to identify why foresters, as people without pedagogical education and despite the unfavourable funding, become educators. The following questions guided this research: What leads them to start organizing educational and adventure programmes for children and the public? Is their intrinsic motivation based on an unconscious level to implement ideas of Deep Ecology? Philosophy of Arne Naess and semi-structured interviews with forest educators in the form of the Pyramid Model of Wengraf, through which qualitative data were obtained, methodologically approached this paper. Interviews with foresters revealed their values, needs, motivation, dominant psychological-ethical moments and prosocial behaviour that brings inner satisfaction and pedagogical activity as an added value of their profession. Forest educators have a unique philosophical system related to nature and the environment. They subconsciously follow and develop the ideas of Deep Ecology through the methods of Forest Pedagogy. The paper presents the way of involving forest educators into the distance and online teaching due to the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as the topic for further research in this area.
Occurrence of pathogenic fungi on commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds
Authors: Irzykowska Lidia , Wielgusz Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pathogenic fungi decrease the quality of commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds. Some of fungal pathogens can produce mycotoxins harmful to human health.

Objective

To evaluate the health status of commercially available medicinal plants and check if packaged seeds of these plants are free from pathogenic fungi.

Methods

An experiment was conducted on potted plants of lemon balm, peppermint and sweet basil, commercially available and intended for direct use by consumers. For microbiological analyses, 100 stems and leaves of each species were randomly taken. Furthermore, the health of 100 seeds of each species was examined using agar plate method.

Results

Ten species and genera of pathogenic fungi were isolated from shoots, leaves and seeds of investigated plants. Some of them are toxin-forming species. Lemon balm was the most infected species.

Conclusion

Bearing in mind the health of consumers, more attention should be paid to the microbiological purity of commercially available medicinal plants and packaged seeds.
HPLC-DAD phenolics screening and in vitro investigation of haemostatic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and photoprotective properties of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut.
Authors: Bensaad Mohamed Sabri , Dassamiour Saliha , Hambaba Leila , Bensouici Chawki , Karima Ouffroukh , Kahoul Mohamed Amine
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Traditional medicine has an important place in human history and this since antiquity. Indeed, during Egyptian and Chinese civilization era, many detailed manuscripts, describing the therapeutic effect of plants, were found which suggest that folk medicine is the basis of the actual medicine.

Objective

To investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis.

Methods

The phytochemical evaluation was done based on HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while the hemostatic effect was performed using plasma recalcification time (PRT) method. The antidiabetic capacity was investigated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and the photoprotective test was evaluated by the measurement of sun protection factor (SPF).

Results

13 phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts of C. tougourensis. These extracts showed antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic and photoprotective properties with a dose-dependent manner. Amounts of n-BuOH activities were found higher, with a respective IC50 value of 0.72±0.07 μg/ml in DPPH assay, an A0.50 value lower than 3.125 μg/ml in CUPRAC assay besides a shortening rate percentage of coagulation (86.71%) in haemostatic assay, a moderate inhibition effect on alpha amylase activity with an IC50 value of (711.5±0.03 μg/ml) and a maximum sun protection factor of (56.035). These results were mostly found highly significant (p<0.001) when compared to respective standards.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated some pharmacological effects of C. tougourensis which suggests that our plant could be a good candidate to treat some illnesses related to oxidative stress, bleeding or skin cancer.
Tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in leaf extract from Carica papaya Linn. plant growing in Uganda
Authors: Nowak Jadwiga , Kiss Anna K. , Wambebe Charles , Katuura Esther , Kuźma Łukasz
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Carica papaya L. belongs to Caricaceae family. It is an evergreen tree or shrub with usually unbranched trunk. Previous studies on the methanolic leaf extract of this plant proved the antibacterial, cytotoxic, anticancer and antioxidant effects indicative of promising therapeutic potentials.

Methods

Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques along with high performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis were performed to isolate, tentatively identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in MeOH extract of C. papaya leaves. UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods were adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. In the case of polyphenol separation, some reference substances were isolated by preparative HPLC.

Results

Six polyphenols were isolated and quantified from C. papaya leaf extract, including three phenolic acids: derivatives of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and three flavonoids: quercetin dirhamnosylhexoside, kaempferol dirhamnosyl-hexoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. Among them quercetin dirhamnosyl-hexoside was significantly higher (1.9 mg/g extract) than other identified compounds.

Conclusion

The results of present study provide a new data on polyphenols composition of C. papaya plant derived from Uganda and promote research on its possible standardization and use as a dietary supplement and/or herbal medicine.
The Diverse and Heterogeneous Clinical Features of Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Chebysheva Svetlana Nikolaevna , Zholobova Elena Spartakovna , Geppe Natalya Anatolevna , Aleksanyan Karina Vladimirovna , Meleshkina Angelina Valerevna , Nikolaevich Khitrov Alexandr , Borisovich Saltykov Alexandr , Isaevna Tachieva Bella , Ivanovich Vorobyev Sergey , Sergeevna Bolevich Stefani , Brankovich Bolevich Sergey
Published: February 2022

Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis (JPsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that accounts for 3-10% of all juvenile arthritis. The main objective is to identify the clinical features of psoriatic arthritis in children. This study was open-label, single-center, prospective, observational (1989-2020) cohort clinical study included 85 patients (3-17.0 y/o) who met Vancouver and I/E criteria. The features of skin and articular syndromes in children with JPsA were revealed. In most patients with PSA, the disease began at the age of 6.6 years. In childhood, arthritis is usually preceded by psoriasis. The most common clinical form of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis. At the onset of the disease, symmetric polyarthritis predominates. During the disease, transformation of the joint syndrome with a predominance of rheumatoid arthritis is noted. All observed patients showed pronounced osteoporosis, which is not characteristic of JPsA.
Religion as a lifeworld: an alternative to secularist concept of religion in social work
Authors:   , Weber Magnus
Published: February 2022

The discourse on religious extremism and jihadism has stimulated deep interest in religion as a factor in social problems. So have other religion-related issues such as honour-related violence, migration and integration, and female circumcision. Given that social workers are often mentioned as pivotal actors when it comes to preventing and working long-term with extremism, radicalisation, and related issues, religion has acquired increased visibility in social work. This has reinvigorated discourse on religion within social work practice, policy and research. This dissertation attempts to grapple with and theorise about the implications of this new visibility of religion in social work. Its starting point is an analysis of the tacit assumptions about religion revealed in interviews with practitioners in the field of preventing violent extremism and promoting democracy. Genealogical analysis then contextualises these tacit, secular assumptions in a historical, philosophical and theological setting, so denaturalising them. This work clears the way for developing a new and innovative path that holds promise for more productive work in relation to religious social problems. The main argument in this dissertation is that a secularist concept of religion falls short when doing social work with religious citizens. This is because a secularist concept of religion regards religion either as a set of doctrines or teachings or as purely subjective and emotional. Practitioners who take the former position often try to disprove specific doctrines, as if doctrines produce religious extremists. Practitioners who adopt the latter position try to change the inner inclinations of the subjects from, say, an extremist disposition to a democratic one, or from radical Islam to ‘mainstream’ Islam. Both approaches are inadequate because by depriving religion of its bodily and institutional setting, religion is reduced solely to its intellectual or emotional elements, while overlooking its practical, social, institutional and embodied aspects. The alternative conceptualisation of religion proposed in this dissertation is rooted in phenomenology. If religion is conceived of as a horizon of meaning that precedes and supersedes individual choice and preference, while simultaneously being construed as contextual and open to reinterpretation, encounters between social workers and religious clients can be guided by openness, interest and curiosity, even reconciliation. Change could, then, be achieved from within the clients’ lifeworld, rather than through confrontation and the advocating of drastic alternatives to their present lifeworld. Such an approach to social work with religious clients is likely to be more successful than one rooted in a much narrower understandings of religion.
Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling to Minimize Makespan Using Suggested Algorithm Method at XYZ Company
Authors: Naura Maisazahra  , Murni Dwi Astuti  , Murman Dwi Prasetio
Published: February 2022

XYZ company produce the various shape of motor spare parts product. The company has threeidentical parallel spot welding machines that use a random method of production scheduling, basedon machine capacity without any sequence of jobs, and only use daily production targets given tooperators. Based on the data, the actual scheduling of the machines has a very large completion timedifference between each machine, or the machine loading is uneven. As a result, the makespanbecomes longer with a value of 440000 seconds (26 days). This research aims to minimize the existingmakespan by giving proposed scheduling, using the suggested algorithm method, which has a smallnumber of iterations and has an optimal result. The method begins with the longest processing timesequence rule which is used as the upper bound for the first iteration, then continued to calculate thelower bound and machine workload. The calculation stops at the 15th iteration because the completiontime value exceeds the lower and upper bound so that the optimal scheduling taken is scheduled inthe 14th iteration with a makespan value of 914412 seconds (16 days). The proposed scheduling canminimize the makespan from the actual schedule by 38%.
The use of dermoscopy in distinguishing the histopathological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma: A retrospective, morphological study
Authors: Popadić Mirjana , Brasanac Dimitrije
Published: February 2022

Background

The role of dermoscopy in distinguishing the histopathological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is not fully elucidated.

Aims

To determine the accuracy of dermoscopy in diagnosing different BCC subtypes.

Methods

The dermoscopic features of 102 histopathologically verified BCCs were studied retrospectively. The tumours were classified as superficial (n=33,32.3%), nodular (n=46,45.1%) and aggressive (n=23,22.6%) BCCs by histopathology. Statistical analysis included Cohen’s kappa test, proportion of correlation, measures of diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic odds ratio and the credibility ratio of positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) tests.

Results

The highest value in all performed tests was seen in superficial BCCs (kappa 0.85; proportion of correlation 93%; diagnostic accuracy 93.1%), good correlation was noted in nodular BCCs (kappa 0.62, proportion of correlation 80%; diagnostic accuracy 80.4%) but dermoscopic correlation with histopathology was low for aggressive BCCs (kappa 0.13; proportion of correlation 79%; diagnostic accuracy 78.4%). Short, fine telangiectasias (83.3%) showed the greatest importance for the diagnosis of superficial BCCs, blue-grey ovoid nests (61.8%) had the highest diagnostic accuracy in nodular BCCs, while arborising vessels (79.4%) was the most significant dermoscopic feature for the diagnosis of aggressive BCCs.

Limitations

This was a retrospective analysis and included only Caucasian patients from a single centre.

Conclusion

The highest agreement of dermoscopic features with the histologic type was found in superficial BCCs. We did not find any specific dermoscopic structure that could indicate a diagnosis of aggressive BCC. The presence of relevant dermoscopic features in the evaluated cases was determined by the depth of tumour invasion and not by its histology.
Nobility revolts : the parliament of Flanders’ magistrates disobeying Louis XIV’s orders
Authors: Dhalluin Sébastien
Published: February 2022

En 1668, après avoir conquis une importante partie des territoires des Pays-Bas espagnols, Louis XIV établit à Tournai un conseil souverain chargé d’administrer la justice aux nouveaux sujets de la Couronne. Cette juridiction est érigée en parlement en 1686 et son ressort évolue au fil des guerres menées par le Roi Soleil. Transférée à Cambrai en 1709 après la perte de Tournai lors de la guerre de Succession d’Espagne, la cour emménage définitivement à Douai en 1714. Malgré les promesses du maintien des particularismes locaux formulées dans les actes de capitulation des villes, la monarchie tente insidieusement de rapprocher la pratique judiciaire du ressort du parlement de Flandre de celle du reste du royaume de France. La justice, comme l’armée, l’administration et l’Église, est une institution majeure permettant progressivement l’assimilation des territoires conquis. C’est à cette fin que l’ordonnance criminelle de 1670 est envoyée pour enregistrement à la cour et que de nombreux textes de droit pénal viennent dicter les politiques répressives à appliquer. L’historiographie présente généralement les officiers de ce parlement comme dociles envers la monarchie. Pourtant, le dépouillement des arrêts rendus par cette juridiction a permis de révéler deux exemples de désobéissance manifeste aux ordres de Louis. En appliquant les anciens usages des Pays-Bas espagnols, les magistrats n’hésitent pas à faire ouvertement primer leurs intérêts financiers sur les ordres du roi.
Results of measurements of particulate matter concentrations inside a pig fattening facility
Authors: Ulens Tim , Millet Sam , Weyenberg Stéphanie Van , Meeren Paul Van Der , Langenhove Herman Van , Demeyer Peter
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. This research note discusses the results of measurements of particulate matter concentrations inside a pig fattening facility. Objectives. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the correlations between the different size fractions of indoor particulate matter (PM) inside a pig fattening facility and to investigate the evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) through a fattening period and between two housing systems and two cleaning protocols. Method. Data from two consecutive fattening periods in a commercial pig barn were used. Results. Very high correlations were found between PM10 and PM2.5 indoor concentrations. Depending on the measuring instrument, high or low correlations were found between PM1 and PM10 or PM2.5 indoor concentrations. No differences in PSD could be found between the two housing systems or the two cleaning protocols. Conclusions. The results from the present study showed high correlations between the indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. In the present study, no differences in PSD were found.
Étude des potentialités des systèmes d’application contrôlée des gouttes (CDA) pour les traitements phytosanitaires en céréaliculture (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Salah Sofiene Ouled Taleb , Cock Nicolas De , Massinon Mathieu , Schiffers Bruno , Dorbolo Stéphane , Lebeau Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Introduction. L’application contrôlée des gouttes (CDA) présente le double avantage de réduire à la fois l’étendue de la distribution des tailles des gouttes et le volume appliqué par rapport aux buses hydrauliques conventionnelles. Littérature. Cette revue investigue la potentialité de la CDA par rapport aux buses hydrauliques dans le cadre du désherbage précoce des adventices (2-3 feuilles). En termes de rétention, les études reliant les caractéristiques des gouttes (taille, vitesse et direction) et l’architecture, la densité et la mouillabilité du feuillage, en fonction de la formulation de bouillies, ont été abordées. Ces études montrent que des gouttes de 300 µm avec un adjuvant approprié et des jets émis 60° vers l’avant par rapport à la verticale contribuent à l’augmentation de la rétention sur les cibles problématiques à port dressé. L’effet des réductions des volumes d’application pour ces deux techniques est étudié sur base de la moyenne, du coefficient de variation et du taux de couverture des dépôts. Néanmoins, les résultats de ces études ne peuvent être généralisés du fait des différences de réglages opératoires entre les deux techniques d’application. Quant à la dérive, les atomiseurs CDA orientés horizontalement présentent un potentiel de dérive plus important que les buses hydrauliques pour lesquelles le spray est orienté vers le bas. La dérive augmente avec la vitesse du vent et diminue lorsque le diamètre médian volumétrique (DV50) augmente. Conclusions. De nouveaux réglages des atomiseurs de la CDA en termes de DV50 et de direction du jet peuvent répondre aux défis de l’agriculture de précision. Les pistes d'innovations proposées sont d’une part une amélioration de la résistance à l’usure des dents situées en bordure des disques et, d’autre part, une distribution granulométrique plus étroite.
Effet de la gestion des feuilles d'élagage du palmier à huile sur le stock de carbone et les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol dans les palmeraies villageoises du Bénin
Authors: Aholoukpè Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi , Amadji Guillaume Lucien , Blavet Didier , Chotte Jean-Luc , Deleporte Philippe , Dubos Bernard , Flori Albert , Jourdan Christophe
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. Au Bénin, la culture du palmier à huile est largement répandue en milieu villageois. L’étude porte sur l’impact du recyclage des feuilles d’élagage sur les propriétés du sol des palmeraies. Objectifs. Évaluer l'effet de deux modes de gestion des feuilles élaguées dans la palmeraie sur le stock de carbone et les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol. Méthode. Six palmeraies villageoises de deux classes d'âges (7-12 ans et 13-24 ans) ont été retenues dans le sud-est du Bénin afin de comparer les propriétés du sol de deux zones : les zones de restitution totale des feuilles d'élagage (RT) et celles de restitution nulle des feuilles (RN) représentant le témoin. Dans chaque palmeraie, le sol sous chaque modalité de recyclage des feuilles a été prélevé, sur fosses, jusqu’à 50 cm de profondeur à proximité de six palmiers. Les propriétés du sol ont été déterminées par des méthodes d’analyse conventionnelles et par la spectroscopie proche infrarouge. Résultats. Les stocks de carbone et d'azote sous RT à l'âge adulte sont de 58 Mg·ha-1 et 4,3 Mg·ha-1, respectivement et sont significativement supérieurs aux stocks dans tous les autres traitements (34,6 Mg C·ha-1 et 2,9 Mg N·ha-1). Le recyclage des feuilles a amélioré la fertilité du sol jusqu’à 20 cm de profondeur dans les palmeraies adultes. La porosité et la densité apparente du sol ont été aussi améliorées. Conclusions. La gestion des feuilles élaguées dans les palmeraies modifie les propriétés du sol qui sont nettement améliorées en surface après 10 ans de recyclage des feuilles.
Grasshoppers as a food source? A review
Authors: Paul Aman , Frédérich Michel , Uyttenbroeck Roel , Hatt Séverin , Malik Priyanka , Lebecque Simon , Hamaidia Malik , Miazek Krystian , Goffin Dorothée , Willems Luc , Deleu Magali , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Richel Aurore , Pauw Edwin De , Blecker Christophe , Monty Arnaud , Francis Frédéric , Haubruge Éric , Danthine Sabine
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. Current trends suggest an increasing future demand for conventional meats, which indicates a strong need to shift this dependency to other alternative protein sources such as insects. Literature. From a nutritional point of view, of all the insects consumed globally, grasshoppers are particularly important as a human food. Data from the literature regarding the nutrient composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, mineral composition and vitamin content of grasshoppers as reviewed in this paper, suggest that a number of grasshopper species are a good source of nutrients. It also highlights some of the health related aspects that might arise from the consumption of grasshoppers, mostly linked to agricultural practices and the allergic response of sensitive individuals. The paper also summarizes some religious, social and economic factors that are associated with grasshopper consumption. Conclusions. The success of introducing grasshoppers as a novel food in western countries depends on changes in consumer attitudes. It would be interesting to develop food products derived from grasshoppers in a form acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, it is important to explore the food potential of some grasshopper species native to western countries and to develop their rearing methodologies to enhance availability.
Towards sustainable food systems: the concept of agroecology and how it questions current research practices. A review
Authors: Hatt* Séverin , Artru* Sidonie , Brédart David , Lassois Ludivine , Francis Frédéric , Haubruge Éric , Garré Sarah , Stassart Pierre M. , Dufrêne Marc , Monty Arnaud , Boeraeve Fanny
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Multiple environmental and socio-economic indicators show that our current agriculture and the organization of the food system need to be revised. Agroecology has been proposed as a promising concept for achieving greater sustainability. This paper offers an overview and discussion of the concept based on existing literature and case studies, and explores the way it questions our current research approaches and education paradigms. Literature. In order to improve the sustainability of agriculture, the use of external and chemical inputs needs to be minimized. Agroecological farming practices seek to optimize ecological processes, thus minimizing the need for external inputs by providing an array of ecosystem services. Implementing such practices challenges the current structure of the food system, which has been criticized for its lack of social relevance and economic viability. An agroecological approach includes all stakeholders, from field to fork, in the discussion, design and development of future food systems. This inclusion of various disciplines and stakeholders raises issues about scientists and their research practices, as well as about the education of the next generation of scientists. Conclusions. Agroecology is based on the concept that agricultural practices and food systems cannot be dissociated because they belong to the same natural and socio-economic context. Clearly, agroecology is not a silver-bullet, but its principles can serve as avenues for rethinking the current approaches towards achieving greater sustainability. Adapting research approaches in line with indicators that promote inter- and transdisciplinary research is essential if progress is to be made.
Indicators of phosphorus status in soils: significance and relevance for crop soils in southern Belgium. A review
Authors: Renneson Malorie , Barbieux Sophie , Colinet Gilles
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Therefore, it is essential to accurately evaluate its content in the soil. This requires reliable indicators of soil P status. Literature. This paper reviews literature regarding the indicators of P status in soils. Many indicators can be found, including single extractions (soluble, available, or total P), which are the most common indicators used worldwide. Over time, increasingly complex P indicators have been developed as sequential extractions which characterize the various forms of P, degree of P saturation, diffusive gradients in thin films, biological extractions, isotopic methods, or more complex models. To make a choice among them, different criteria should be applied, including relevance, cost and time, ease of interpretation, and, most importantly, the objective of the analysis. It is also necessary to analyze the appropriateness to soil and climate. Firstly, this paper describes the various types of indicators present in the literature, and proposes a classification system. Secondly, all cited indicators are evaluated and compared. Finally, the P indicators met in Wallonia, southern Belgium are discussed. Conclusions. Each P indicator presents advantages and disadvantages. This review highlights the importance of careful consideration of indicator choice, and the establishment of interpretation thresholds.