bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: The DEPOSITION Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lamy André , Sirota Dmitry A. , Jacques Frederic , Poostizadeh Ahmad , Noiseux Nicolas , Efremov Sergey , Demers Philippe , Akselrod Boris , Wang Chew Yin , Arora Rakesh C. , Branny Piotr , McGuinness Shay P. , Brown Craig D. , Jeanmart Hugues , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Haibo , Belley-Côté Emilie P. , Whitlock Richard P. , Browne Austin , Copland Ingrid , Vincent Jessica , Khatun Rutaba , Balasubramanian Kumar , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , McGillion Michael H. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E. , Spence Jessica , Yusuf Salim , Devereaux P.J. ,   for the DEPOSITION Study Group
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Although intravenous tranexamic acid is used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding and transfusion, topical tranexamic acid results in lower plasma concentrations compared with intravenous tranexamic acid, which may lower the risk of seizures. We aimed to determine whether topical tranexamic acid reduces the risk of in-hospital seizure without increasing the risk of transfusion among cardiac surgery patients.

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter, double dummy, blinded, randomized controlled trial of patients recruited by convenience sampling in academic hospitals undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Between September 17, 2019, and November 28, 2023, a total of 3242 patients from 16 hospitals in 6 countries were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either intravenous tranexamic acid (control) through surgery or topical tranexamic acid (treatment) at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was seizure, and the secondary outcome was red blood cell transfusion. After the last planned interim analysis, when 75% of anticipated participants had completed follow up, the data and safety monitoring board recommended to terminate the trial, and upon unblinding, the operations committee stopped the trial for safety.

RESULTS:

Among 3242 randomized patients (mean age, 66.0 years; 77.7% male), in-hospital seizure occurred in 4 of 1624 patients (0.2%) in the topical group, and 11 of 1628 patients (0.7%) in the intravenous group (absolute risk difference, −0.5% [95% CI, −0.9 to 0.03];
P
=0.07). Red blood cell transfusion occurred in 570 patients (35.1%) in the topical group and in 433 (26.8%) in the intravenous group (absolute risk difference, 8.3% [95% CI, 5.2–11.5];
P
=0.007). The absolute risk difference in transfusion of ≥4 units of red blood cells in the topical group compared with the intravenous group was 8.2% (95% CI, 3.4–12.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, topical administration of tranexamic acid resulted in an 8.3% absolute increase in transfusion without reducing the incidence of seizure, compared with intravenous tranexamic acid.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03954314.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Climate in Assessing the Influence of Local Governance-Based Paternalist Leadership on Employee Innovation
Authors: Atar Emrah , Li Ziyan
Published: April 2024

With the acceleration of economic globalization and the increasing uncertainty in the external market environment, Chinese enterprises are increasingly required to survive and thrive through continuous innovation activities. As the ultimate source of organizational innovation, the staff determines the overall level of organizational innovation. Simultaneously, leadership behavior within an enterprise profoundly influences employees’ innovative behavior. Therefore, influencing employees’ innovative behavior through a leader’s conduct has become a hot topic of academic discussion.

The study aims to explore the impact of locally based paternalistic leadership on employees’ innovative behavior and introduce organizational climate to examine the mutual influence between these two variables. This is a quantitative case study to be conducted on various banks in China, utilizing SPSS software and bootstrap mediator variable analysis.

According to the results of this research, paternalistic leadership has a significantly beneficial impact on innovative employee behavior and organizational climate. However, the authoritarian leadership dimension negatively affects innovative behavior and organizational climate. Organizational climate has a substantially positive effect on innovation behavior, and organizational climate plays a role as a mediating variable in the influence of paternalistic leadership on innovative behavior. The future value of this research lies in providing practical suggestions for the development of leadership behavior theory and improving the efficiency of human resource management.
The Future Demand and Supply of Critical Minerals
Authors: Antweiler Werner
Published: April 2024

This essay explores the future of global supply and demand for critical metals, and how international markets could adapt in the face of potential changes. Whereas demand is expected to increase rapidly due to accelerated electrification and the growing need for grid-scale electricity storage, increased supply through new mining projects will take time and deliberation, and will need to address a range of environmental and social challenges. Beyond primary extraction, the existing concentration of production and refining within a small number of countries will also create new challenges for supply chain security. Three significant insights emerge: more global transparency and accountability are needed to safeguard environmentally and socially responsible mining as the industry grows; large-scale recycling of minerals and metals is needed to lessen the demand for primary mineral extraction; rapid technological innovation, including the development of new batteries, is needed to shift demand towards less expensive, less scarce and potentially less harmful materials. Governments can play an important role in addressing negative externalities associated with increased mining, while ensuring that future economic benefits from mineral resources are used to support broader societal goals, including reconciliation with Indigenous communities—at home and abroad.
Where We Find Metals
Authors: Barker Shaun
Published: April 2024

Mineral deposits are found in almost every environment on Earth—from the ocean floor, to high mountains, deserts and jungles. What factors control the distribution of minerals across our planet, and why do we mine in environmentally sensitive areas? This chapter describes the unique processes—asteroids, anoxic ocean waters, volcanoes and salty seas—that have led to the accumulation of large metal deposits on Earth over millions or even billions of years. By understanding these processes, we can better appreciate why particular types of mineral deposits occur where they do, and how mineral exploration might change in the future.
Landscapes of Extraction
Authors: Burtynsky Edward
Published: April 2024

For more than two decades, Edward Burtynksy has captured images of the indelible marks left by human activity on landscapes, from the uranium mines of Elliot Lake, Ontario to the salt ponds of Senegal. Through a series of photographic journeys across diverse landscapes, from mining sites to recycling facilities, Burtynsky captures the transformative impact of human industry on the Earth’s surface. The essay traces the photographer’s evolving fascination with minerals, salt and water extracted at industrial scales, revealing the intricate interplay between human ingenuity and environmental disruption, and urging readers to reflect on humanity’s relationship with the natural world.
A Closer Relationship with Our Metals
Authors: Dunbar W. Scott , Fraser Jocelyn
Published: April 2024

The existence and availability of metals is taken for granted by most people. However, these perceptions will be challenged as global metal demand increases due to economic development, and supplies are threatened by dwindling geological reserves and shifting geopolitics. Alternative sources and methods of supply must be developed if we are to meet anticipated needs for metals, including those required for the transition to renewable energy systems. The ideal goal is a circular economy, where recycling and reuse of metal-containing products keep these resources available to the economy as long as possible. At the same time, innovation within the existing global metal supply system can provide new access to metal sources and opportunities for improved recovery of metals along the supply chain. The key is to open new points of entry into the metal supply system, identify and remove barriers, introduce necessary technologies, and organize more efficient business models. This includes the targeting of smaller-scale deposits and the more efficient recovery of metals from waste material at various points along the supply chain. If society were more engaged in such developments, metals could be more efficiently supplied with significant economic benefits to a larger number of individuals.
Diloo
Authors: Carrabré T. Patrick
Published: April 2024

This piece reflects on the composition of the ‘Water’ movement.
Kypros 29
Authors: Valle Valeria
Published: April 2024

This piece reflects on the composition of the ‘Copper’ movement.
Zinc
Authors: Chen Yao
Published: April 2024

This piece reflects on the composition of the ‘Zinc’ movement.
Platinum
Authors: Levin Vuma Ian
Published: April 2024

This piece reflects on the composition of the ‘Platinum’ movement.
The Copper Supply Gap
Authors: Eberhardt Erik
Published: April 2024

Copper is a critical metal for electrification, and is witnessing a step-change in demand associated with the transition away from fossil fuels to clean energy and electric transportation systems. By 2030, a copper supply gap of ten million metric tons per year is expected, equivalent to the global copper supply required to meet the Paris Agreement targets. This essay discusses the challenges ahead as we seek to close this anticipated supply gap, with a particular focus on the need for new underground mining methods to access deeper copper deposits. The shift to targeting deep underground deposits is pushing the mining industry beyond its experience base, creating a need for novel engineering approaches to mitigate new geological hazards, while also managing new economic risk factors. Success in these endeavours is critical to the advancement of the clean energy transition.
Lithium
Authors: Groat Lee A.
Published: April 2024

The critical mineral lithium is used in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, portable electronic devices and grid storage applications, and is thus essential for the transition to renewable energy and green technologies. With our growing reliance on lithium, important questions are now being raised about how and from where we can supply sufficient amounts of this metal to meet society’s future needs. The future expansion of global lithium production may be limited more by environmental and social factors than by our ability to locate and access this metal.
Metal and Water
Authors: Kunz Nadja
Published: April 2024

Regardless of where mines are located, they require and interact with large quantities of water. The nature of these interactions depends on a variety of factors including the location and geological characteristics of the mineral deposit, the commodity being mined and the processing method. Beyond the technical improvements needed to improve water use and management, mining companies must also build stronger relationships and open communication with potentially impacted communities and rights-holders. This chapter explores the need for new collaborative approaches to advance water management and stewardship across a mine’s life cycle, highlighting key scientific, engineering and social challenges that must be addressed.
Microbial Mining
Authors: Southam Gordon
Published: April 2024

With the discovery of a wide range of biological processes affecting metal cycling on Earth, biotechnology is receiving increased attention from the mining industry. The diverse genetic responses of microbes to high metal concentrations metals offer a win-win opportunity, providing exploration targets and new approaches to bioremediation of metal pollution through the enhanced recovery of critical metals. This essay considers how biotechnology could be harnessed across the mining life cycle to improve the discovery and extraction of ore deposits, and the recovery and treatment of potentially hazardous wastes.
A New Life for Old Metals
Authors: Holuszko Maria
Published: April 2024

The current global economy is based on the extraction of natural resources for use in products that are often disposed of after a short time. Some of the metals used in these products are becoming scarcer and more expensive, and their extraction can be associated with negative social and environmental impacts. This has prompted significant efforts to recover and recycle metals from a wide variety of post-consumer products. With a particular focus on the challenging problem of electronic waste, this essay looks at the technical, social and economic factors shaping metal re-use and recycling. Electronic waste streams can be highly enriched in metals relative to primary mined sources, and they can be considered as the richest ore deposits in the world, often containing elements that are critical for green technology applications. Failure to recover these metals not only presents a significant missed economic opportunity, but also a potential environmental threat to air, water and soil. At present, standards and practices of metal recycling and recovery are highly variable around the world, and a more coordinated effort is needed to increase their efficiency. This will require new technological approaches, alongside economic incentives and regulatory oversight. With the right intention and approaches, there is a significant opportunity to recover valuable materials from metal-rich ‘urban mines’, building robust, resilient and efficient recycling systems that are needed for a truly circular economy.
The End of Endlessness
Authors: Klein Naomi
Published: April 2024

In 2015, amidst economic turmoil triggered by plummeting oil prices, a diverse group of organizers and theorists gathered in Toronto to confront the urgent need for a renewable energy transition. Frustrated by the lack of political will to address climate change and economic inequality, they launched the Leap Manifesto: a people’s platform offering a vision for a renewables-based economy in Canada, rooted in a duty to care for Earth’s resources and inhabitants. This essay explores the historical roots of Canada’s dependence on natural resources and the consequences of this reliance on both the environment and Indigenous communities. It argues that confronting the truth about past injustices is essential for building a sustainable future and achieving genuine reconciliation. By acknowledging the finite nature of the Earth's resources and embracing narratives of care and regeneration, this essay proposes a path forward toward a more equitable society.
The Generation of Superinertial Coastally Trapped Waves by Scattering at the Coast
Authors: Musgrave R. C. , Winters D. , Zemskova V. E. , Lerczak J. A.
Published: April 2024

A series of idealized numerical simulations is used to examine the generation of mode-one superinertial coastally trapped waves (CTWs). In the first set of simulations, CTWs are resonantly generated when freely propagating mode-one internal tides are incident on the coast such that the angle of incidence of the internal wave causes the projected wavenumber of the tide on the coast to satisfy a triad relationship with the wavenumbers of the bathymetry and the CTW. In the second set of simulations, CTWs are generated by the interaction of the barotropic tide with topography that has the same scales as the CTW. Under resonant conditions, superinertial coastally trapped waves are a leading order coastal process, with alongshore current magnitudes that can be larger than the barotropic or internal tides from which they are generated.
Meaning Across Context: Oral Histories, Big Data, and Climate Change
Authors: Olson Julia , Pinto da Silva Patricia
Published: April 2024

The use of oral histories in social scientific approaches to climate change has enabled richly detailed explorations of the situated, meaning-laden dimensions of local experiences and knowledge. But “big data” approaches have been increasingly advocated as a means to scale up understandings from individual projects, through better utilizing large collections of qualitative data sources. This article considers the issues raised by such secondary analysis, using the NOAA Voices Oral History Archives, an online database with a focus on coastal communities and groups thought especially vulnerable to climatic changes. Coupling larger-scale methods such as text mining with more traditional methods such as close reading reveals variations across time and space in the ways people talk about environmental changes, underscoring how memories and experiences shape understandings and the subtlety with which these differences are articulated and culturally inscribed. Looking across multiple collections illuminates those shared understandings, points of contention, and differences between communities that might be obscured if decontextualized, showing the importance of “small data” approaches to big data to fully understand the deeply cultural understandings, perceptions, and histories of environmental changes such as climate change.
A Polygenic Score Predicts Caries Experience in Elderly Swedish Adults
Authors: Fries N. , Haworth S. , Shaffer J.R. , Esberg A. , Divaris K. , Marazita M.L. , Johansson I.
Published: April 2024

Caries is a partially heritable disease, raising the possibility that a polygenic score (PS, a summary of an individual’s genetic propensity for disease) might be a useful tool for risk assessment. To date, PS for some diseases have shown clinical utility, although no PS for caries has been evaluated. The objective of the study was to test whether a PS for caries is associated with disease experience or increment in a cohort of Swedish adults. A genome-wide PS for caries was trained using the results of a published genome-wide association meta-analysis and constructed in an independent cohort of 15,460 Swedish adults. Electronic dental records from the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontitis (SKaPa) were used to compute the decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) index and the number of remaining teeth. The performance of the PS was evaluated by testing the association between the PS and DMFS at a single dental examination, as well as between the PS and the rate of change in DMFS. Participants in the highest and lowest deciles of PS had a mean DMFS of 63.5 and 46.3, respectively. A regression analysis confirmed this association where a 1 standard deviation increase in PS was associated with approximately 4-unit higher DMFS ( P < 2 × 10−16). Participants with the highest decile of PS also had greater change in DMFS during follow-up. Results were robust to sensitivity analysis, which adjusted for age, age squared, sex, and the first 20 genetic principal components. Mediation analysis suggested that tooth loss was a strong mediating factor in the association between PS and DMFS but also supported a direct genetic effect on caries. In this cohort, there are clinically meaningful differences in DMFS between participants with high and low PS for caries. The results highlight the potential role of genomic data in improving caries risk assessment.
Evaluation of a new artificial intelligence-based textile digitization using fabric drape
Authors: Youn Seonyoung , West Andre , Mathur Kavita
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) textile-based garment prototyping, widely adopted in the apparel and textile industry, enhances cost efficiency, work productivity, and seamless communication via visual prototyping. Neural network-based 3D textile digitization has the potential to streamline manufacturing processes by negating the need for traditional physical property (PT) measurements. However, a research gap exists concerning the accuracy of the technology and its applicability to advanced functional apparel manufacturing. The primary research question is to investigate how variations in digitized physical properties obtained from PT measurements and artificial intelligence (AI)-based textile digitization impact the accuracy of a fabric’s mechanical representation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate AI-based textile digitization accuracy using a drape test method. The drape coefficient (DC) analysis revealed that the PT-based simulated DC exhibited a normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) ranging from 2% to 11%, while the AI-based simulated DC showed a range of 3–51%. Notably, for the samples, except those with very limp or very stiff fabric samples, the AI-based simulation exhibited a NMAE within 3–15%.
The missing link for effective informal settlement upgrading: Appropriation shaping the outcome of new infrastructure
Authors: Wainaina George Kiambuthi , Truffer Bernhard
Published: April 2024

Infrastructure investments, a core element of slum upgrading, play a role in improving the livelihoods of over 1 billion slum residents globally. Established planning practices often successfully deliver functional infrastructure but evidence shows that their contribution to improved livelihoods often either is absent or declines sharply after some time. To explain this limited effectiveness, this article identifies the missing link between infrastructure delivery and livelihood improvements as lying in the appropriation process, that is, the uptake and embedding of infrastructures into the daily practices of residents. Recent insights from sociotechnical transitions studies help to conceptualise appropriation. The authors use Munyaka informal settlement in Eldoret town, Kenya as a case to investigate the mechanisms of new infrastructure uptake. Findings indicate that appropriation is a social process that proceeds in three steps: reception, domestication and institutionalisation. This process is driven by the need to maintain or adjust residents’ livelihood practices relative to prevailing socioeconomic and spatiotemporal conditions. The study concludes that appropriation is a significant process that planners should try to anticipate. Prevalent approaches to participation have to be modified accordingly. This is essential for planning to improve livelihoods in slums.
Careers as Social-Symbolic Work: Civilian Criminal Investigators’ Struggle for Legitimacy
Authors: Poikela Cassandra , Haake Ulrika , Lindberg Ola
Published: April 2024

The nexus between work and social categories is known to have an impact on how people develop in their careers. The purpose of this study was to examine the conditions for career work undertaken by civilian criminal investigators (CIs) who are currently entering police organizations, complementing police officers in criminal investigations. The empirical study encompassed 71 interviews conducted with both civilian and police CIs in the Swedish police. The conditions for career work were analyzed through a social-symbolic lens, recognizing the impact of both resource distribution and agency in a network of different actors. Furthermore, the contextual nature of career work was examined, highlighting tensions between civilian and police CIs, influenced by gender dynamics and cultural factors. The situatedness and cultural characteristics of the workplace, involving gender and academic and professional background, have divergent outcomes in career work. This research discusses the multifaceted nature of career development among civilian CIs, providing an extended understanding of career as a socially negotiated process and unraveling the mutual influence of organizational dynamics, cultural norms, and resource distribution in shaping individual career trajectories.
Titanium Implant Obscuring Residual Cholesteatoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report
Authors: Fong Justin B. , McCool Ryan R.
Published: April 2024

Cholesteatomas are benign growths of squamous epithelial tissue in the middle ear resulting in conductive hearing loss and/or erosion of the structures of the middle ear space. These lesions are surgically removed but require postoperative surveillance due to risk of recurrence or residual disease. Second-look surgery remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma; however, advanced imaging modalities such as non-echoplanar diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (non-EPI DWI-MRI) offer a less invasive alternative for surveillance. As surgeons become more reliant on advanced imaging, it is important to understand the limitations of the technology. We present a case of a delay in diagnosis of residual cholesteatoma due to a false-negative finding on non-EPI DWI-MRI screening in the presence of a titanium implant.
Association between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors among racially diverse pregnant women in four selected clinical sites in the United States
Authors: Carandang Rogie Royce , Epel Elissa , Radin Rachel , Lewis Jessica , Ickovics Jeannette , Cunningham Shayna
Published: April 2024

Background: Mindful eating is a promising strategy to address problematic eating behaviors; however, little is known about its applicability during pregnancy. No studies have examined the combined effects of mindful and practical eating skills on eating behaviors. Aim: We examined associations between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors (nutritional intake and emotional eating) among pregnant women who received psychoeducation on healthy eating and pregnancies. Methods: Participants were racially-diverse pregnant women (14–42 years) from four clinical sites in Detroit, Michigan, and Nashville, Tennessee (N = 741). We conducted multiple linear regression to examine associations between mindful (hunger cues, satiety cues, mindful check-ins) and practical (food diary/journal, MyPlate method) eating skills and nutritional intake. We calculated residualized change scores to represent changes in the quality of nutritional intake from second to third trimester. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine associations between mindful and practical eating skills and emotional eating. Results: Women improved over time in eating behaviors (better nutrition, less emotional eating). Regular use of MyPlate was associated with better nutritional intake (unstandardized coefficient [B] = −0.61), but food diaries were not. We found a significant interaction in predicting emotional eating: For those regularly paying attention to hunger cues, some use of MyPlate (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.39) and especially regular use of MyPlate (AOR = 0.13) reduced the likelihood of emotional eating during pregnancy. Conclusion: Enhancing both mindful and practical eating skills, such as paying attention to hunger cues, and using the MyPlate method, may facilitate pregnant women's ability to improve their eating behaviors.
Maternal dietary and environmental factors associated with infant circadian rhythm, growth, and temperament: Research protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kok Ee Yin , Kaur Satvinder , Mohd Shukri Nurul Husna , Abdul Razak Nurliyana , Takahashi Masaki
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Emerging evidence has been explored to determine the factors affecting the development of infant circadian rhythm. While fetal programming happens during the pregnancy period, external environmental cues and infant nutritional programming can have substantial effects on the infant circadian rhythm. Understanding prenatal and postnatal factors determining infant circadian rhythm can improve future interventions in optimizing maternal and infant health. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study, targeting 216 pregnant women from government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pregnant women will be recruited at third trimester (baseline), and follow up at 3 months, and 6 months. A subsample will be collected for salivary cortisol analysis to determine circadian rhythm of the mother and infant at third trimester and 3 months. Data of eating misalignment, light exposure, chronotype, infant temperament, sleep quality, and mood will be collected via validated questionnaires. Anthropometric data and birth outcomes will be collected from antenatal and postnatal health records. Summary: Studies on infant circadian rhythm development have yet to be explored and established, hence this study presents a novel approach to identify the factors from prenatal to postnatal periods on infant circadian rhythm and its influence on growth and temperament. Findings from this study will provide insights in the critical timing which has larger effects on infant circadian rhythm development for future interventions to be conducted.
Sudden pump stop may cause air release in oxygenators, ‘The Hammer Effect’: An in vitro evaluation
Authors: van Kaam Paul , Stehouwer Marco
Published: April 2024

Background

Oxygenators, as used in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits, are components with good air removal properties. However, under some conditions the semipermeable characteristics of hollow fibers allow air to accidentally enter the blood side of the CPB circuit. This may occur when a fluid in motion is stopped suddenly by which the rapid change in momentum may cause a relative negative pressure drop, the so-called hammer effect. The hammer effect is not yet described in literature related to CPB. The aim of this in vitro study was to reproduce the hammer effect.

Methods

The in vitro setup consisted of a CPB circuit with a fully occluded roller pump and one of four test oxygenators. The hammer test was performed by a sudden pump stop. The pressure wave was measured and after the test the residual air present in the oxygenator was forced into the arterial line and measured with a bubble detector.

Results

We showed that a sudden pump stop could lead to the hammer effect, represented as a relative negative pressure drop in the arterial line. This hammer effect resulted in air release through the semipermeable fibers as we showed in two of the four tested brands of oxygenators.

Conclusions

We conclude that the hammer effect may occur before connection of the CPB system to the patient, and this may result in air release into the arterial blood side of the oxygenator. The hammer effect can be caused by clamping of the tubing in combination with a centrifugal pump, or by suddenly stopping the roller pump. With this study we would like to raise awareness of the hammer effect.
Characterization and prevention of flame burns caused by electric bicycle battery chargers: results from a 7-year experience
Authors: Wang Xiqiao , Tian Ming , Zheng Liqiang , Qiao Liang , Liu Yan , Yuan Bo
Published: April 2024

Objective

With the recent exponential increase in express deliveries across China, the number of patients with flame burns caused by electric bicycle battery chargers (BEBBC) has markedly increased in burn units. In this study, we aimed to characterize BEBBC to systematically explore measures to prevent their occurrence.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with flame burns who visited the Burn Department of Rui Jin Hospital between January 2015 and December 2021.

Results

Sixty-three patients with BEBBC and 1412 with types of other flame burn were included in this study. Fifty-six of the 63 BEBBC cases occurred between 9 pm and 7 am. BEBBC incidents involved a higher incidence of group burn in which multiple individuals were affected. Non-local patients with BEBBC were significantly younger than their local counterparts. BEBBC had a higher mortality than types of other flame burn.

Conclusions

The rising incidence of BEBBC calls for greater attention because of the associated high mortality and heavy burden on society. Enacting related legislation, disseminating information to the public, and improving treatment to control infection can help prevent BEBBC, increase its cure rate, and reduce patient mortality.
Prediction of Favorability of Maxillary Canine Impaction Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: M. Dilip Kumar , S. Bhadrinath , Chelliah Balika J. , A. Umamageshwari , S. Deepa
Published: April 2024

Objective

To test the accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in predicting the favorability of maxillary canine impaction as compared to the conventional manual tracing method using orthopantomograms.

Materials and Methods

Orthopantomograms of 437 canine impactions were included in this study. Six parameters (sector classification, three angular, and two linear) on orthopantomograms were used to assess the severity of the maxillary canine impaction. The most advanced convolutional neural network model implemented using MATLAB program was used in assessing the favorability of maxillary canine impaction. The outcome of the parameters assessed by the implemented AI model and conventional manual tracing were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the performance of AI model in comparison to manual tracing for the angular and sector parameters. Paired t-tests were used for linear measurements.

Results

The overall clinical performance exceeded 90% for all the angular parameters including sector classification except for the angle between long axis of canine with lateral incisor which had a specificity score of 55%. The value and the area under the ROC curve were more than 0.9 for all the parameters. The distance from the canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane and midline was statistically significant between the groups ( p = .000).

Conclusion

The proposed AI algorithm had higher accuracy in predicting the favorability of eruption in maxillary canine impactions compared to conventional manual tracing.
Numerical and experimental investigations in a cracked wind turbine blade using natural frequencies
Authors: Kulkarni Sourabh , Patil Suresh
Published: April 2024

In this study, the vibration behavior of a wind turbine blade under influence of the transverse crack was studied. A mathematical model based on free vibration of the blade with induced transverse crack was prepared to estimate the natural frequencies. Wind turbine blade was modeled considering double tapered beam with linearly varying width and thickness keeping constant aspect ratio. A Matlab program was constructed to obtain the frequencies from mathematical model. Modal analysis of wind turbine blade was performed simulating the induced transverse crack of different depths at various locations to estimate the natural frequencies using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer. To verify the results obtained from mathematical model and modal analysis, finite element analysis was performed. Same methodology of FEA was implemented on another blade with different aspect ratio and blade profile to verify the obtained results. It was observed that the methods adopted are in correlation with one another depicting reduction in natural frequencies as crack approaches to the free end of blade as well as for increased depth of crack signifying reduction in stiffness of the blade.
Development of a Method for Preservation Appraisal of Historic Transportation Structures and Its Application for the Masonry Bridges of Mimar Sinan
Authors: Bezgin Niyazi Özgür
Published: April 2024

Social history is closely related to the history of transportation. Since the establishment of the first settlements, bridges have been fundamental elements along established land routes, providing mobility, accessibility, reliability, safety, and comfort to their users over the many elements that act as obstacles along these routes. Supporting commerce, trade, and unfortunately wars, these bridges were instrumental in the efficient use of time, enhancing the possibilities of development and progress through interaction between the groups of people using them. Although quite variable in type and dimensions, bridges are unique elements of civil engineering. The effort required to construct them was and remains very demanding in the time spent, techniques used, and resources consumed. Before the advances in construction methods beginning with the use of iron and steam engines following the Industrial Revolution, stone masonry arch construction with the use of timber false-works, masonry blocks, masonry piers, and timber piles, mechanisms of pulleys and levers provided the fundamental materials and techniques used to construct lasting bridges. Along the many examples of masonry arch bridges from far back in history, there is a unique group of stone masonry bridges dating back to the 16th century and constructed by a single polymath, Mimar Sinan. This article will investigate the characteristics of the bridges built by Sinan and their evaluation for preservation and implementation in contemporary urban life through a proposed preservation appraisal method.
Sex-based differences in neck selectivity in total hip arthroplasty using a modular femoral neck system
Authors: Shigemura Tomonori , Kamikawa Koya , Yamamoto Yohei , Murata Yasuaki
Published: April 2024

Background:

Dislocation is a major complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The modular femoral neck system provides practical advantages by allowing adjustment of neck version and length in the presence of intraoperative instability. Anatomical studies have identified morphological differences in the hip joint between men and women. Despite sex-based differences in hip morphology, it remains unclear whether such differences affect neck selectivity in THA using a modular neck system and whether this approach achieves anatomical reconstruction, thereby reducing complications such as dislocation. This study aimed to investigate gender differences in neck selectivity in THA with the modular neck system and assess the clinical impact of the modular neck system.

Methods:

A total of 163 THAs using a modular neck system were included in this study. Data on the type of modular neck and intraoperative range of motion (ROM) were retrieved from patient records. Pre- and post-operative leg length differences (LLD) were examined as part of the radiographic assessment. Dislocation was investigated as a postoperative complication.

Results:

Neck selectivity did not significantly differ between men and women. The comparison of pre- and post-operative LLD revealed a tendency for varus necks to improve LLD more than version-controlled necks. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between intraoperative ROM and neck selectivity, or postoperative dislocation and neck selectivity.

Conclusions:

This study on THA with a modular neck system provided valuable insights into sex-based differences in neck selectivity and highlighted the potential benefits of the modular neck system in addressing LLD and preventing postoperative dislocation.
“COVID-19 - A Perfect Storm”: A Qualitative Exploration of Residential Care Facility Managers Perspectives on the Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19
Authors: Bolsewicz Katarzyna T. , White Jennifer , Murray Peter , Vidler Megan , Durrheim David N.
Published: April 2024

Growing evidence highlights the negative impact of managing the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce, including in the aged care sector. We undertook a qualitative study during the pandemic’s third year to explore the psychosocial impacts on nine managers of residential care facilities (RCFs) across metropolitan and rural New South Wales, the largest state in Australia. Four themes were identified: (1) Increased pressure on maintaining aged care services, (2) Increased responsibility on RCF managers, (3) Psychosocial impacts due to accumulating pressures, and (4) Experience of beneficial supports. COVID-19 compounded pre-pandemic sector challenges and added new stressors. While resilient and resourceful, RCF managers experienced workplace stress and burnout, which may affect quality of resident care and impact on staff retention. There is a need for more investment to effectively support staff, and research to identify optimal psychosocial and management supports.
Public Preferences for Mental Health Initiatives to Prevent Crime
Authors: Mancini Christina , Budd Kristen M.
Published: April 2024

Recently, in the wake of high-profile incidents, public and policy attention has been directed toward addressing mental health as an avenue to prevent crime. Given the link between public opinion and policy, it is important to understand how the public views such efforts. Specifically, do Americans favor measures (e.g., diversion/mental health partnerships, 988 hotline) that require a mental health, rather than police response, for incidents involving mentally distressed people? What factors—concerning beliefs about crime and mental health and personal characteristics (e.g., prior mental health history)—are associated with these policy preferences? Drawing on a 2022 national poll, this study examines these research questions. Results suggest majority approval for changes in mental health responses to crime among the public. However, divides in public attitudes are evident.
Influence of gear modification on dynamic characteristics of star gearing system in geared turbofan (GTF) gearbox based on a closed-loop dynamic analysis method
Authors: HaoRan Zou , Sanmin Wang , Peng Chen , Bo Li , Hongfei Ren , Linlin Liu
Published: April 2024

The star gearing transmission system is a key component of a geared turbofan (GTF) aero-engine. Accurate prediction of the dynamic characteristics of the star gearing transmission system, especially after gear modification, is important for the design of high-performance engines. Firstly, this paper establishes a dynamic time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) and a comprehensive transmission error (TE) calculation model for herringbone gear pair considering changes in the meshing state. Then, the dynamic internal excitation calculation model is combined with the lumped parameter dynamic model of the system to form the “excitation–response–feedback” closed-loop coupling dynamic analysis method of the GTF star gearing system. Compared with traditional analysis methods, this method takes into account the effect of contact state changes on internal excitation during the calculation process and corrects internal excitation in real time. Finally, the effect of different topology modification schemes on the system's dynamic characteristics is investigated based on this method. The results show that the closed-loop coupled dynamics analysis method is able to capture contact state changes of the same gear pair at different moments and between different gear pairs at the same moment. Modified #2 is only to modify the planet gear. This scheme can effectively reduce the vibration displacement of the ring gear, and reduce the peak-to-peak value of the ring gear's vibration displacement in all directions by more than 70%. At the same time, the scheme also reduces the load-sharing coefficient of the internal and external meshing pairs of the system by 1.92% and 2.01%, respectively, and the peak-to-peak value of the dynamic factor of the internal and external meshing pairs can be reduced by 57.91% at most.
Mathematical Study based on SIR Model to Combat with COVID-19 in India using Partial Measures: A Mid-way Approach
Authors: Pathak Ritesh Kumar , Kumari Tripti , Singh Sheo Kumar
Published: April 2024

In this article, we propose a model (using a simple SIR model) for the analysis of the spread and control of COVID-19 pandemic in India after the subsequent lockdown(s) by taking into account the approach of partial measures, which, in fact, could be a mid-way approach between the two approaches of taking complete measures or no measures. Our supposition of partial measures (which put restrictions on the movements of some age groups) could be an effective protocol in controlling the spread of the coronavirus without hampering economic activities. The analysis has shown that there will be less number of infections after January 2021 by adopting partial measures. Overall, from the study, we have found some encouraging and significant results compared to the others in order to improve the economy of our country keeping the current pandemic in control.
Diagnostic Pitfall of Gastric Signet-Ring Cells: How to Diagnose a Benign Signet-Ring Cell From a Malignant One
Authors: Van Der Pluijm C. , Deprez P. , Libbrecht L. , Jouret-Mourin A. , Dano H.
Published: April 2024

Sometimes non-neoplastic changes of the gastric mucosa mimic diffuse-type gastric carcinoma, specifically signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. In fact, gastric epithelial cells undergoing signet-ring cell change have a cellular morphology that is almost identical to signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma, often leading to misdiagnosis. Accurate recognition of signet-ring cell change is essential to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. Research on this topic is limited and clinicians lack formal diagnostic tools when signet-ring cells are detected in biopsy specimens. The aims of this study are 3-fold. Firstly, to increase the awareness of both clinicians and pathologists of this rare but highly significant entity. Secondly, to report 4 additional examples of signet-ring cell change and analyze them alongside signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma to compare their morphological and phenotypic features and their evolution over time. Finally, to highlight the potential utility of endoscopic resection to confirm the diagnosis. Cells in signet-ring cell change strongly express E-cadherin, show a wild-type p53 expression, and have a low Ki67 index. In contrast, cells in signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma strongly express p53, have high proliferation rates, and show either no or weak E-cadherin staining. Genetic analysis may be useful in identifying patients at risk of hereditary early diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma, which can mimic signet-ring cell change.
Revolution and Democracy in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Zhdanov Andrew , Grinin Leonid , Ustyuzhanin Vadim
Published: April 2024

In this article, we analyze an inverted U-shaped relationship between the type of regime (on the autocracy-democracy scale) and the risks of revolutionary destabilization. Anocracies tend to be more vulnerable to revolutionary destabilization than full autocracies or full (consolidated) democracies. We also point to a strong positive association between the weakening of autocracies and the risks of revolutionary destabilization that exist among full autocracies. In addition, full autocracies moving towards democracy and transitioning to partial autocratic rule are at increased risk of revolutionary destabilization, which explains why the current global spread of democracy is associated with an upswing rather than a downswing in revolutionary activity. Finally, strong forms of revolutionary destabilization are quite possible in cases of deconsolidation of consolidated democracy, which additionally suggests that the era of revolutions will not end in the foreseeable future. Thus, we propose a general theory on the effect of regime type on revolutionary destabilization and address inconsistencies among various studies regarding the impact of the regime on revolutionary instability. The conducted research also allows us to contribute to the answer to the question posed by many researchers of revolutions at the end of the last century – will the era of revolutions end with the global spread of democracy? Our analysis suggests that if this happens someday, it will not be in any foreseeable future.