bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating burn-out contributors and mitigators among intensive care unit nurses during COVID-19: a focus group interview study
Authors: Saravanan Pratima , Masud Faisal , Kash Bita A , Sasangohar Farzan
Published: December 2022

Objective

Past literature establishes high prevalence of burn-out among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in intensifying burn-out. However, the specific pandemic-related contributors and practical approaches to address burn-out have not been thoroughly explored. To address this gap, this work focuses on investigating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the burn-out experiences of ICU nurses and identifying practical approaches for burn-out mitigation.

Design

Semistructured focus group interviews were conducted via convenience sampling and qualitatively analysed to identify burn-out contributors and mitigators. Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-MP) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) were employed to quantify the prevalence of burn-out of the participants at the time of study.

Setting

Two ICUs designated as COVID-19 ICUs in a large metropolitan tertiary care hospital in the Greater Houston area (Texas, USA).

Participants

Twenty registered ICU nurses (10 from each unit).

Results

Participants experienced high emotional exhaustion (MBI-MP mean score 32.35, SD 10.66), moderate depersonalisation (M 9.75, SD 7.10) and moderate personal achievement (M 32.05, SD 7.59) during the pandemic. Ten out of the 20 participants exhibited post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PCL-5 score >33). Regarding contributors to burn-out in nurses during the pandemic, five thematic levels emerged—personal, patient related, coworker related, organisational and societal—with each factor comprising several subthemes (eg, emotional detachment from patients, constant need to justify motives to patients’ family, lack of staffing and resources, and politicisation of COVID-19 and vaccination). Participants revealed several practical interventions to help overcome burn-out, ranging from mental health coverage to educating public on the severity of the pandemic and importance of vaccination.

Conclusions

By identifying the contributors to burn-out in ICU nurses at a systems level, the study findings inform the design and implementation of effective interventions to prevent or mitigate pandemic-related burn-out among nurses.
Feasibility of video-based joint hypermobility assessment in individuals with suspected Ehlers-Danlos syndromes/generalised hypermobility spectrum disorders: a single-site observational study protocol
Authors: Mittal Nimish , Sabo Andrea , Deshpande Amol , Clarke Hance , Taati Babak
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS)/generalised hypermobility spectrum disorders (G-HSD) affect the connective tissue of the body and present with a heterogeneous set of symptoms that pose a challenge for diagnosis. One of the main diagnostic criteria of EDS/G-HSD is generalised joint hypermobility, which is currently assessed by clinicians during a physical exam. However, the practice for measuring joint hypermobility is inconsistent between clinicians, leading to high inter-rater variability. Often patients are misdiagnosed with EDS/G-HSD based on an incorrect hypermobility assessment, leading to increased referral rates and resource utilisation at specialised EDS clinics that results in unnecessary emotional distress for patients. An objective, validated and scalable method for assessing hypermobility might mitigate these issues and result in improved EDS/G-HSD patient care.

Methods and analysis

This study will examine the use of videos obtained using a smartphone camera to assess the range of motion (ROM) and hypermobility of the joints assessed in Beighton score and more (spine, shoulders, elbows, knees, ankles, thumbs and fifth fingers) in individuals with suspected EDS/G-HSD. Short videos of participants will be captured as they undergo a formal assessment of joint hypermobility at the GoodHope EDS Clinic at Toronto General Hospital. Clinicians will measure the ROM at each joint using a clinical-grade goniometer to establish ground truth measurements. Open-source human pose-estimation libraries will be used to extract the locations of key joints from the videos. Deterministic and machine learning systems will be developed and evaluated for estimating the ROM at each joint. Results will be analysed separately for each joint and human pose-estimation library.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University Health Network in Toronto on 26 April 2022. Participants will provide written informed consent. Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05366114.
Oestrogen ameliorates blood-brain barrier damage after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage via the SHH pathway in male rats
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Haiying , Xu Zhongmou , Lu Jinxin , Cao Chang , Shen Haitao , Li Xiang , You Wanchun , Chen Gang
Published: December 2022

Background

Sex differences affect the occurrence, progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH. However, whether oestrogen affects blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity has not been fully studied. Oestrogen has been found to regulate the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway through the oestrogen receptor in gastric cancer and adrenal glands, and the SHH signalling pathway has an important role in maintaining the BBB by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. In this study, we investigated the relationship between oestrogen and the SHH signalling pathway using clinical data and established an experimental SAH model to explore whether oestrogen could ameliorate BBB damage after SAH through the SHH pathway.

Methods

Correlations between oestrogen and the SHH pathway were analysed by patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database (GTEx). Then, an experimental rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation method and treated with oestrogen, oestrogen inhibitors and SHH signalling pathway inhibitors. Then, the effects of oestrogen on BBB damage were analysed by western blot, immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural experiments.

Results

ESLIA detection and correlation analysis showed that oestrogen levels in patients’ CSF were positively correlated with the SHH pathway, which was further verified by GTEx gene-correlation analysis. SHH was found to be mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rats under physiological conditions and was upregulated by oestrogen pretreatment. In the SAH model, oestrogen pretreatment was found to reverse SAH-induced decreases in the SHH pathway, which were counteracted by oestrogen receptor inhibitors. Furthermore, oestrogen pretreatment reduced SAH-induced BBB damage, brain oedema and neurological dysfunction, which were eliminated by SHH pathway inhibitors.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we demonstrate here that oestrogen pretreatment ameliorates brain injury after SAH, at least in part through SHH pathway-mediated BBB protection.
Quantum-Inspired Owl Search Algorithm with Ensembles of Filter Methods for Gene Subset Selection from Microarray Data
Authors: Mandal Ashis Kumar , Sen Rikta , Chakraborty Basabi
Published: December 2022

Finding the optimum subset of genes for microarray classification is laborious because microarray data are often high-dimensional and contain many irrelevant and redundant genes. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a two-step technique. In the first step, to reduce the vast number of genes or features, an ensemble of popular rank-based feature selection algorithms with filter evaluation metrics are used to select a group of top-ranking genes. In the next step, the quantum-inspired owl search algorithm ([Formula: see text]), a new filter fitness function-based metaheuristic search technique incorporating concepts from quantum computing, is developed to identify the best subset of genes from the predetermined list. The experimental findings reveal that the ensemble approach in the first step can select more dominant groups of genes than each of the individual filters. Furthermore, it has been found that [Formula: see text] can reduce the cardinality of the selected optimum gene subset with comparable classification accuracy and requires lesser computational time than our earlier proposed QIOSA-based wrapper approach (i.e. [Formula: see text]). Besides, compared with three popular evolutionary feature subset selection algorithms, [Formula: see text] efficiently reduces the optimum cardinality of the gene subset while maintaining acceptable classification accuracy.
When Moving Is the Only Option: The Role of Necessity Versus Choice for Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Salvo Deborah , Jáuregui Alejandra , Adlakha Deepti , Sarmiento Olga L. , Reis Rodrigo S.
Published: December 2022

Given its origins in high-income countries, the field of physical activity and public health research and promotion has broadly followed a choice-based model. However, a substantial amount of the physical activity occurring routinely in many settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is the result of economic necessity and is not due to true, free choices. We propose the “necessity- versus choice-based physical activity models” framework as a conceptual tool to ground physical activity and public health research and promotion efforts in LMICs, helping ensurethat these efforts are relevant, ethical, responsive, and respectful to local contexts. Identifying ways to ensure that LMIC populations can maintain high levels of active transport while increasing opportunities for active leisure must be prioritized. To promote equity, physical activity research, programs, and policies in LMICs must focus on improving the conditions under which necessity-driven physical activity occurs for a vast majority of the population.
Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being
Authors: Howden-Chapman Philippa , Bennett Julie , Edwards Richard , Jacobs David , Nathan Kim , Ormandy David
Published: December 2022

Housing quality is essential for population health and broader well-being. The World Health Organization Housing and health guidelines highlight interventions that protect occupants from cold and hot temperatures, injuries, and other hazards. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of ventilation standards. Housing standards are unevenly developed, implemented, and monitored globally, despite robust research demonstrating that retrofitting existing houses and constructing high-quality new ones can reduce respiratory, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, and people with low incomes face cumulative disadvantages that are exacerbated by poor-quality housing. These can be partially ameliorated by community-based programs to improve housing quality, particularly for children and older people, who are hospitalized more often for housing-related illnesses. There is renewed interest among policy makers and researchers in the health and well-being of people in public and subsidized housing, who are disproportionately disadvantaged by avoidable housing-related diseases and injuries. Improving the overall quality of new and existing housing and neighborhoods has multiple cobenefits, including reducing carbon emissions.
ECS News - Best Posts of 2022
Authors: Chaves Frances
Published: December 2022

Highlights from 2022 ECS News posts
Historical Perspectives on Electroplating During the Past 100 Years
Authors: Alkire Richard , Su Xiao , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: December 2022

This Interface article is based on presentations at the 242nd ECS Meeting in Atlanta, in the centennial symposium “E04 - 100 Years of the Electrodeposition Division: Past, Present, and Future,” given on Wednesday October 12, 2022.
Yolo-Based Improvements in Remote Sensing Image Applications
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Li Xiang
Published: December 2022

The identification of some specific targets in remote sensing images is still quite challenging despite the adequate accuracy of deep learning-based target detection models. This work proposes a variant of YOLOv3 based on the residual structure as the backbone and the attention mechanism module, which improves the ability of YOLOv3 to extract features. SGE is a lightweight module that can fully extract features from images without bringing an increase in computation. Furthermore, the dilated encoder module used in YOLOF was introduced as a neck to enrich the perceptual field of the C5 feature layer by concatenating four layers of dilated convolution with different expansion coefficients. The C5 feature layer and the residual structure were further processed to contain sufficient scale information for further detection. In terms of the mean average precision (mAP), experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the other models: YOLOv3, faster-RCNN-r50+GACL Net, and YOLOv4.
USP2 Inhibits Lung Cancer Pathogenesis by Reducing ARID2 Protein Degradation via Ubiquitination
Authors: Zhu Lihuan , Chen Zhizhong , Guo Tianxing , Chen Wenshu , Zhao Lilan , Guo Lingwen , Pan Xiaojie
Published: December 2022

Background. Ubiquitination is an important regulator in physiological and pathological conditions. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 2 (USP2), as a member of the USP family, exhibits oncogenic effects in multiple malignancies. However, the exact role of USP2 has not been well clarified in lung cancer pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, we aimed to further investigate the regulatory roles of USP2 in lung cancer in this study. Methods. Firstly, immunoprecipitation‐Mass Spectrometry (IP‐MS), Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), combined with immunofluorescent colocalization method, was conducted for USP2 protein interaction analysis in lung cancer cell lines. qRT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays explored the USP2 expression pattern and USP2/ARID2‐ (AT‐rich interactive domain 2‐) specific shRNAs and overexpression vectors. Co‐IP assays were designed to validate USP2‐ARID2 protein interaction. Further functional studies including CHX chase assay, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were subsequently applied to evaluate the impact of USP2 modulation on lung cancer cells. Results. USP2 suppression was characteristic in lung cancer cell line models and lung cancer samples. USP2 and ARID2 demonstrated protein‐protein interaction and overlapping localization in cancer cell models. Functional experiments suggested USP2 inhibited lung cancer cell invasion and migration by reducing ARID2 protein degradation. Subsequent ubiquitination assays indicated ARID2 protein degradation via the ubiquitination was significantly reduced by USP2 interaction. Conclusions. Our study provided novel insight that USP2 might suppress lung cancer by reducing ARID2 protein degradation via ubiquitination.
Thermal and Surface Roughness Effects on Performance Analysis of Slider Bearing via Petrov–Galerkin Finite Element Method
Authors: Desu Tessema Girma , Adamu Derese Getachew , Andargie Tiruneh Awoke
Published: December 2022

In this study, the performance of slider bearing with impacts of temperature and roughness of surface on 1D longitudinal and transverse roughness type is investigated using the Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG)-finite element method (FEM). It is considered that the roughness is stochastic and Gaussian in random distribution. It is also considered that viscosity and density depend upon temperature. The domain’s irregularity caused by surface roughness is changed into a regular domain for numerical computation purposes. To determine the capacity of load-carrying and pressure distribution, the continuity, momentum, modified Reynolds, and energy equations are decoupled and solved by the SUPG-FEM. It can be demonstrated that in the case of the longitudinal model of nonparallel slider bearing, the load-bearing bearing capacity and drag force of friction due to the case

i

of the combined effects are lower than those attributable to the influence of surface roughness. Nevertheless, the thermal case’s impact on the 1D transverse type capacity of load-carrying capability and drag friction force is below that of the combined and surface roughness impact instances. The reverse is true for parallel slider bearings, however, for a 1D transverse type, the load-carrying ability is not particularly impressive.
A Device for Isolation of Selected Single Adherent Cells
Authors: Dai Wang-Ying , Guo Jiang-Bo , Chen Xi , Luo Zong-Ping
Published: December 2022

In recent years, extensive research has been focused on the field of single cell analysis. The isolation of single cells is the first step in this type of research. However, the techniques used for direct isolation and acquisition of single adherent cells are limited. Here, we present a method of obtaining selected single adherent cells using a separation device. Compared with other single cell isolation methods, this method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, minimal cell damage, and preservation of cell morphology. Our methodology is, therefore, suitable for the collection of selected single adherent cells.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Generalized Contractive Pair of Mappings in a Metric Space and Their Application to Fractional Calculus
Authors: Goel Priya , Kumar Manoj , Singh Dimple , Kumar Kamal
Published: December 2022

In this manuscript, we have established relation-theoretic version of some common fixed point results in metric space for generalized

β
−
ϕ
−
Z

-contractive pair of mappings furnished with an arbitrary binary relation

R

. Recently, the concept of binary relation is well known leading trend in fixed point theory. Our results extend and unify several fixed point theorems present in the literature. An illustrative example is given to support our main theorem. Finally, we exploit our main result for proving existence and uniqueness results to established the solution of a fractional differential equation of Caputo type.
Charging Station Management Strategy for Returns Maximization via Improved TD3 Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Li Hengjie , Zhu Jianghao , Zhou Yun , Feng Qi , Feng Donghan
Published: December 2022

Maximizing the return on electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) operation helps to expand the EVCS, thus expanding the EV (electric vehicle) stock and better addressing climate change. However, in the face of dynamic regulation scenarios with large data, multiple variables, and low time scales, the existing regulation strategies aiming at maximizing EVCS returns many times fail to meet the demand. To handle increasingly complex regulation scenarios, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm (DRL) based on the improved twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is used to construct basic energy management strategies in this paper. To enable the strategy to be more suitable for the goal of real-time energy regulation strategy, we used Thompson sampling strategy to improve TD3’s exploration noise sampling strategy, which greatly accelerated the initial convergence of TD3 during training. Also, we use marginalised importance sampling to calculate the Q-return function for TD3, which ensures that the constructed strategies are more likely to learn high-value experiences while having higher robustness. It is shown in numerical experiments that the charging station management strategy (CSMS) based on the modified TD3 obtains the fastest convergence speed and the highest robustness and achieves the largest operational returns compared to the CSMS constructed using deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), actor-critic using Kronecker-factored trust region (ACKTR), trust region policy optimization (TRPO), proximal policy optimization (PPO), soft actor-critic (SAC), and the original TD3.
Interaction between Pelvic Bone Mineral Density and Sex Steroid Hormone on the Risk of Urinary Incontinence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
Authors: Zhao Chongyu , Wang Zhe , Xiang RuiYao , Li Li
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The correlation between sex hormone levels and pelvic bone mineral density in people with urinary incontinence (UI) has not been evaluated. This study explored the association between sex hormones, pelvic bone mineral density, and UI, and analyzed the association between pelvic bone mineral density-combined sex hormones and UI in women. Method: The data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 were used in this cross-sectional study. Women aged 20 years and older with complete sex steroid hormone and pelvic bone mineral density data were included. Outcomes were stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI), and mixed UI (MUI). Sex steroid hormone included testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Multivariate logistic regression analyses with the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Results: Of 2,442 women, 579 had SUI, 202 had UUI, and 344 had MUI. The estimated multiplicative interactions were significantly between testosterone and pelvic bone mineral density, between SHBG and pelvic bone mineral density on UI (p = 0.002, p = 0.003), MUI (p = 0.036, p < 0.001), and SUI (p = 0.008, p = 0.044), respectively. High pelvic bone mineral density was associated with UI (p = 0.022) and MUI (p = 0.028) in the age <45-year-old subgroup. Multiplicative interactions were between testosterone and pelvic bone mineral density on all types of UI in the age <45-year-old subgroup, on SUI in women who did not have vaginal deliveries, and on UI in women who had more than one-time vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Our study found negatively multiplicative interactions between testosterone, SHBG, and pelvic bone mineral density on UI, MUI, and SUI. Similar results were found in women aged <45 years old and in women who had more than one-time vaginal delivery. Clinicians may consider testosterone or SHBG supplementation and pelvic density enhancement in women with SUI, MUI, and low endogenous testosterone levels.
Prevalence and Impact of COVID-19 among Severe COPD Patients post Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Treatment with Endobronchial Valves
Authors: Klooster Karin , Hartman Jorine E. , Koster T. David , Slebos Dirk-Jan , van Dijk Marlies
Published: December 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has a great impact on numberless aspects of our society. In our bronchoscopic lung volume reduction interventional program, we work with severe COPD patients on a daily basis. Objectives: We were interested in the prevalence and outcome of COVID-19, impact of the pandemic on daily life, and the vaccination coverage in our severe COPD patients who have been treated with one-way endobronchial valves. Method: A questionnaire, which consisted of questions related to the infection rate, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19 infections; feelings of anxiety related to the pandemic; adherence to preventive measures; and willingness to be vaccinated; was sent to our patients in June 2021. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 215 patients, and the response rate was 100%. The vaccination rate was 97% in our surveyed population. The majority of patients (63%) indicated that they were quite or very anxious to get infected with COVID-19. Twenty-five (11.5%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, with none of these patients having been vaccinated at the time of infection. The infection rate reported in this study is comparable to that of the general Dutch population. However, the hospital admission rate and mortality rates are higher. Conclusions: Our results show that the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in severe COPD patients treated with endobronchial valves was comparable with the general population; however, the hospital admission and mortality rates were worse.
Expression of Wilms’ Tumor 1 Antigen, Vimentin, and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Human Kidney with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Effect of Oxidative Stress on These Markers in HEK 293 Cells
Authors: Csurgyók Roland , Sütő Gábor , Wittmann István , Vas Tibor
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Wilms’ tumor 1 antigen (WT1) expression in podocytes has the important role of maintaining their integrity and glomerular function. Vimentin also plays a role in preserving podocyte function and in morphological changes observed after injury. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is important in stress and in maintaining homeostasis. According to our previous studies, tyrosine (Tyr) isoforms (meta- and ortho-Tyr) may play a role in the development of many diseases. Methods: Our aim was to investigate the expression of WT1, vimentin, and CRF in the human kidney and in HEK 293 cell cultures. Histological and clinical features of 42 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients were evaluated and compared to those of patients with thin basement membrane as a control group. Cells were cultured in medium containing para-, meta-, and ortho-Tyr, and their expression of WT1, vimentin, and CRF were determined by immunocytochemistry. Podocyte foot process effacement was investigated by electron microscope. Results: The intensity of WT1 staining in glomeruli was the same in FSGS and control groups, but it was lower in the tubulointerstitium of FSGS patients. Vimentin was lower in glomeruli of FSGS patients (p = 0.009), and it was higher in the tubulointerstitium compared to the control group (p = 0.003). CRF intensity was lower in the glomeruli (p = 0.002). Podocyte foot process effacement determined by electron microscope showed correlation with vimentin and CRF in glomeruli. WT1 staining intensity was lower in meta- and ortho-Tyr group (p = 0.001; p = 0.009). Vimentin was lower in the meta-Tyr group (p = 0.001). Discussion: Our observations on kidney biopsy samples support that the reduction of WT1 and vimentin could be characteristic for FSGS. Our results on HEK cells suggest that meta- and ortho-Tyr may play a role in the development of FSGS.
Os efeitos iatrogénicos das técnicas de gestão
Authors: Areosa João Paulo de Sousa
Published: December 2022

O principal objetivo deste texto é apresentar uma perspectiva crítica aos efeitos das técnicas de gestão empresariais sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Sabemos que o trabalho é um elemento central na vida das pessoas, porque, entre outros aspetos, a subsistência humana depende maioritariamente do fator trabalho. Essa é uma dimensão ética que tende a ser ignorada no universo laboral contemporâneo. As modernas técnicas de gestão, nomeadamente, a intensificação do trabalho, a qualidade total, a avaliação individual de desempenho, o aumento da precarização, a gestão pelo estresse ou a terceirização estão a destruir as relações sociais de trabalho e, consequentemente, a saúde dos trabalhadores. O adoecimento por via do trabalho é um problema social grave e a sua resolução parece difícil de alcançar, pelo menos nos tempos mais próximos, caso não se alterem profundamente as atuais técnicas de gestão empresariais.
O turismo na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Amanã pela perspectiva das comunidades locais
Authors: Coelho Eduardo de Ávila , Gontijo Bernardo Machado , Tavares Neto Antônio , Freitas Weneson Paulo Araújo de
Published: December 2022

O turismo de base comunitária se apresenta como um modelo de atividade que prioriza o encontro e o respeito entre os anfitriões e visitantes, buscando o empoderamento local para atingir a autogestão e a emancipação social. Esta forma de turismo vem crescendo em áreas rurais de natureza preservada onde habitam populações tradicionais e desponta como uma tendência para ambientes como a Amazônia. A Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, no Amazonas, abriga comunidades que procuram desenvolver suas próprias formas de turismo, associadas à conservação e à valorização da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar algumas opiniões de moradores da Reserva Amanã sobre o turismo, colhidas por meio de entrevistas, em reuniões ou durante pesquisa de caráter etnográfico, ao longo de mais de uma década de investigações na região. A diversidade de posições e expectativas revelam as diferentes perspectivas e o caráter contínuo do processo de construção do planejamento da atividade, que carrega consigo a esperança dos moradores em conquistar melhorias em suas vidas. Carências estruturais e desamparo governamental aparecem como limitações para o progresso local que podem tanto ser um empecilho para o turismo, quanto serem parcialmente atendidas pelo desenvolvimento da atividade.
Capacidades dinâmicas e turismo: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Barbosa Amanda de Paula Aguiar , Fischmann Adalberto Américo
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo objetiva analisar as redes bibliométricas sobre a pesquisa em capacidades dinâmicas que estão relacionadas ao turismo, identificando novas tendências que estão surgindo na área, bem como os temas que estão consolidados nesse campo de estudo. Trata-se de uma meta-análise qualitativa e exploratória que sistematiza a análise de 384 artigos científicos publicados entre janeiro de 1995 e junho de 2021. O uso da meta-análise se justifica pela utilização de técnicas de mapeamento e clusterização das redes bibliométricas, feitas a partir do software Vosviewer. Os resultados apresentam os elementos centrais nas redes sociais de pesquisadores e nos temas relacionados à pesquisa sobre capacidades dinâmicas no turismo, bem como evidenciam a formação de cinco clusters principais que representam cinco focos de análise: impactos e sustentabilidade (cluster 1); clusters e capacidade absortiva (cluster 2); planejamento estratégico (cluster 3); tecnologia e inovação (cluster 4); e coopetição (cluster 5).
“El calor como colmillo de jabalí”: los momentos de llegada del inmigrante entre experiencia histórica y dimensión poética en Migraciones de Gloria Gervitz
Authors: Dolle Verena
Published: December 2022

Os momentos de chegada dos imigrantes à terra que os recebe são momentos clichês frequentemente descritos nos textos (auto-)biográficos de autores mexicanos de origem ashkenazi: eles descrevem, ou melhor, imaginam a chegada de seus pais ou avós que cruzaram uma fronteira cultural e linguística e pisaram em solo mexicano, por exemplo. M. Glantz, Las genealogias (1981), S. Berman, La bobe (1990), J. Woldenberg, Las presencias ausentes (1992) e I. Stavans, On Borrowed Words (2001). Percebe-se que essa chegada tem as características de uma narrativa fundante para os escritores das gerações posteriores que, por meio dela, dão sentido ao processo imigratório e à localização de seus antecessores e de si mesmos na cultura e no mundo mexicano.
 Meu artigo tem como objetivo investigar a complexa relação que se desenrola na coletânea de poemas Migraciones (1976-2016) da autora judia mexicana Gloria Gervitz, onde essa cena fundadora oscila entre a experiência histórica corpórea e concreta de pisar a terra e a dimensão poética.
Exilio entre extrañeza y segunda patria: atmósferas afectivas y geografías imaginarias en textos literarios del “exiliado” Roberto Schopflocher
Authors: Eser Patrick
Published: December 2022

El artículo analiza escritos del “exiliado” Roberto Schopflocher, quien emigró de adolescente con su familia a la Argentina, escapándose de la Alemania nazi. Schopflocher se dedicó a escribir textos literarios en el último tercio de su vida, actividad que intensificó siendo jubilado. Escribió sus textos primero en español, después cambió a su lengua materna. La experiencia de la emigración, la vivencia de ella, la llegada a la “nueva patria” y la “integración” en ella son motivos muy presentes en su obra literaria. El artículo analiza estas facetas enfocando tanto la experiencia judía que se manifiesta en la escritura sobre los procesos migratorias como la imaginación y significación de las geografías de la “nueva patria”.
Topografias da memória nos contos Judite e Réquiem para um solitário de Samuel Rawet
Authors: Sartingen Kathrin , Wais Tatjana
Published: December 2022

A presente contribuição tem como objetivo realizar uma análise acerca do espaço como elemento constituinte da memória na coletânea Contos do Imigrante (1956) do escritor judeu-brasileiro Samuel Rawet. A exemplo dos contos Judite e Réquiem para um solitário considera-se o plano do espaço como elemento constitutivo das memórias individuais, familiares e coletivas dos personagens. Partimos do pressuposto de que os espaços encenados e habitados pelos personagens, assim como as funções narrativas atribuídas aos espaços ficcionalizados, formam a base para a construção narrativa de uma topografia da memória.
O que significa (significado/relevância) música? Um exame crítico da referência musical
Authors: Asmuth Christoph
Published: December 2022

Tradução Reginaldo Rodrigues Raposo
O texto trata da questão do “significado” na música segundo sua acepção relacionada à referencialidade. Tendo como perspectiva um conceito mais amplo de música, questiona-se se ela pode ou não alcançar o caráter de signo ou uma função expressiva. A partir disso, discute-se primeiro a relação problemática que a música mantém com a linguagem e, em seguida, a sua possibilidade ou não de se estabelecer ela mesma como uma linguagem autônoma. A seguir, aborda-se mais sistematicamente a questão da relação entre música e sentimento, retomando algumas observações fundamentais de Eduard Hanslick. Por fim, conclui-se pela impossibilidade de referencialidade intrínseca, nem pela via da linguagem nem pela via dos sentimentos.
O olhar filológico de Warburg e a “aplicação da ideia de Vico”
Authors: Gaglianone Isabela de Vilhena
Published: December 2022

O artigo busca mostrar a coerência entre o “olhar filológico”, que Aby Warburg (1866-1929) afirmou em 1900 dirigir ao solo do qual a ninfa antiga floresceu nas pinturas do Quattrocento, e a “aplicação da ideia de Vico”, que quase três décadas depois o autor anotou como objetivo de seu projeto Mnemosyne. Com base na concepção warburguiana do thiasos como matriz cinética, bem como na compreensão do Atlas Mnemosyne (1926-1929) como recapitulação e resultado do conjunto das pesquisas prévias do autor, procura-se demonstrar que a filologia fornece a Warburg um método de análise e interpretação das células de significado das formas imagéticas e o leva a investigar a “morfologia dos radicais” da linguagem gestual patética, o que lhe permite reconhecer as metamorfoses da herança de engramas fóbicos estratificados de maneira não cronológica na memória humana e a identificar o esqueleto heráldico das formas.
To be Scared or Scared to be: Existential Anxiety as a Mediator between Meaning Experience and Depression
Authors: Pellens Heidi , Dezutter Jessie , Luyten Patrick , Vanhooren Siebrecht
Published: December 2022

Difficulty in the experience of meaning has been both theoretically and empirically linked with depression. This cross-sectional study first aimed to replicate the association between difficulty in meaning experience and depression in a sample of 77 psychotherapists and counselors (77.1% females; Mage: 49; SDage = 12.25). Second, this study wanted to extend the body of research findings by investigating whether existential anxiety, and focusing manner, that is, the ability to attend to one’s bodily felt experiences, mediated the relation between meaning experience and the severity of depression. Surprisingly, meaning experience did not show a significant association with severity of depression. Furthermore, existential anxiety mediated the association between meaning experience and severity of depression. Focusing manner showed no significant mediating role in the relationship between meaning experience and severity of depression. These findings suggest that existential anxiety might be an important underlying mechanism in depressive disorder. Addressing the anxiety evoked by existential questions in the patient’s life might be important in the psychotherapeutic treatment of depression. Future prospective research is needed to further disentangle the relationship between meaning experience, depression, focusing, and existential anxiety.
Reduced Access to Preventive Care Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, by Chronic Disease Status and Race and Hispanic Origin, United States, 2020-2021
Authors: Irimata Katherine E. , Pleis John R. , Heslin Kevin C. , He Yulei
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics adapted the Research and Development Survey (RANDS), a commercial panel survey, to track selected health outcomes during the pandemic using the series RANDS during COVID-19 (RC-19). We examined access to preventive care among adults by chronic condition status, race, and Hispanic origin.

Methods:

NORC at the University of Chicago conducted RC-19 among US adults in 3 rounds (June–July 2020 [round 1, N = 6800], August 2020 [round 2, N = 5981], and May–June 2021 [round 3, N = 5458]) via online survey and telephone. We evaluated reduced access to ≥1 type of preventive care due to the pandemic in the past 2 months for each round by using logistic regression analysis stratified by chronic condition status and race and Hispanic origin, adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables.

Results:

Overall, 35.8% of US adults reported missing ≥1 type of preventive care in the previous 2 months in round 1, 26.0% in round 2, and 11.2% in round 3. Reduced access to preventive care was significantly higher among adults with ≥1 chronic condition (vs no chronic conditions) in rounds 1 and 2 (adjusted odds ratios [aOR)] = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively). Compared with non-Hispanic White adults, non-Hispanic Black adults reported significantly lower reduced access to preventive care in round 1 (aOR = 0.7), and non-Hispanic Other adults reported significantly higher reduced access to preventive care in round 2 (aOR = 1.5).

Conclusions:

Our findings may inform policies and programs for people at risk of reduced access to preventive care.
Family Influences on Migration Intentions: The Role of Past Experience of Involuntary Immobility
Authors: Brunarska Zuzanna , Ivlevs Artjoms
Published: December 2022

The article examines the relationship between past experience of involuntary immobility in a family and the current migration intentions of its members. While family migration experience has been shown to be positively related to migration intentions, the role of past unrealised migration intentions in a family is understudied. Using the case of the former communist bloc, we focus on the migration intentions of people whose family members’ mobility aspirations were stifled by the restrictive political regime. Drawing on data from the Life in Transition III Survey, we show that close relatives of people who had been prohibited from going abroad under communist rule are more likely to report migration intentions compared with people without such family experience. We explain these findings with the intergenerational transmission of mobility aspirations.
The Young were not Spared: What Death Certificates Reveal about Non-Covid Excess Deaths
Authors: Mulligan Casey B. , Arnott Robert D.
Published: December 2022

From April 2020 through at least the end of 2021, Americans died from non-Covid causes at an average annual rate of 97 000 in excess of previous trends. Hypertension and heart disease deaths combined were elevated 32 000. Diabetes or obesity, drug-induced causes, and alcohol-induced causes were each elevated 12 000 to 15 000 above previous (upward) trends. Drug deaths especially followed an alarming trend, only to significantly exceed it during the pandemic to reach 108 000 for calendar year 2021. Homicide and motor-vehicle fatalities combined were elevated almost 10 000. Various other causes combined to add 18 000. While Covid deaths overwhelmingly afflict senior citizens, absolute numbers of non-Covid excess deaths are similar for each of the 18 to 44, 45 to 64, and over-65 age groups, with essentially no aggregate excess deaths of children. Mortality from all causes during the pandemic was elevated 26% for working-age adults (18-64), as compared to 18% for the elderly. Other data on drug addictions, non-fatal shootings, weight gain, and cancer screenings point to a historic, yet largely unacknowledged, health emergency.
Does Tolling Per Kilometre Compensate for the External Costs of Trucks? A Geographical Approach for Belgium
Authors: Adam Arnaud , Proost Stef , Thomas Isabelle
Published: December 2022

Using detailed Global Navigation Satellite System tracing data emitted by all trucks having a gross vehicle weight of over 3.5 tons in Belgium, this paper assesses the efficiency of the current Belgian distance tax system by analyzing its spatial coverage and the matching of the distance taxes with the external costs, globally and locally. Specifically, three research questions are addressed. First, how well do the present charge rates match with external costs? Second, the operationalization of the system requires a good spatial coverage of truck movements. Does the present system guarantee an almost universal coverage? Third, do the distance charges match the external costs? We find that if the distance tax scheme differentiates regionally, it still misses large variations in noise costs. The current tracing infrastructure also captures only part of the truck operations on the territory. If distance tolls for trucks remain the backbone of the taxation of truck operations, it then needs further refinement in time and space if one wants it to be the major tool to correct for the external costs.
Palliative care for people who use drugs during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics: A scoping review on access, policies, and programs and guidelines
Authors: Buchman Daniel Z , Lo Samantha , Ding Philip , Dosani Naheed , Fazelzad Rouhi , Furlan Andrea D , Isenberg Sarina R , Spithoff Sheryl , Tedesco Alissa , Zimmermann Camilla , Lau Jenny
Published: December 2022

Background:

People who use drugs with life-limiting illnesses experience substantial barriers to accessing palliative care. Demand for palliative care is expected to increase during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics. Understanding how epidemics and pandemics affect palliative care for people who use drugs is important from a service delivery perspective and for reducing population health inequities.

Aim:

To explore what is known about communicable disease epidemics and pandemics, palliative care, and people who use drugs.

Design:

Scoping review.

Data sources:

We searched six bibliographic databases from inception to April 2021 as well as the grey literature. We included English and French records about palliative care access, programs, and policies and guidelines for people ⩾18 years old who use drugs during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics.

Results:

Forty-four articles were included in our analysis. We identified limited knowledge about palliative care for people who use drugs during epidemics and pandemics other than HIV/AIDS. Through our thematic synthesis of the records, we generated the following themes: enablers and barriers to access, organizational barriers, structural inequity, access to opioids and other psychoactive substances, and stigma.

Conclusions:

Our findings underscore the need for further research about how best to provide palliative care for people who use drugs during epidemics and pandemics. We suggest four ways that health systems can be better prepared to help alleviate the structural barriers that limit access as well as support the provision of high-quality palliative care during future epidemics and pandemics.
A systematic observation of vasodynamics from different segments along the cerebral vasculature in the penumbra zone of awake mice following cerebral ischemia and recanalization
Authors: Qiu Baoshan , Zhao Zichen , Wang Nan , Feng Ziyan , Chen Xing-jun , Chen Weiqi , Sun Wenzhi , Ge Woo-ping , Wang Yilong
Published: December 2022

Different segments of the cerebral vascular network may react distinctly to brain ischemia and recanalization. However, there are limited systematic observations of these vascular responses in mice under a physiological state following ischemic stroke. Herein, we aimed to investigate the vasodynamics among several segments along the cerebral vessels in awake mice following cerebral ischemia/recanalization via two-photon imaging. Plasma in the blood vessels were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran. Smooth muscle cells and pericytes were labelled via a genetic mouse line (PDGFRβ-tdTomato). We observed a no-reflow phenomenon in downstream microcirculation, and the vasodynamics of different segments of larger cerebral vessels varied in the penumbra area following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Despite obtaining reperfusion from the middle cerebral artery, there were significant constrictions of the downstream blood vessels in the ischemic penumbra zone. Interestingly, we observed an extensive constriction of the capillaries 3 hours following recanalization, both at the site covered by pericyte soma and by the pericyte process alone. In addition, we did not observe a significant positive correlation between the changed capillary diameter and pericyte coverage along the capillary. Taken together, abnormal constrictions and vasodynamics of cerebral large and small vessels may directly contribute to microcirculation failure following recanalization in ischemic stroke.
The Disadvantaged Home Care Personal Support Worker: Differences in Job Characteristics, Unionization, Pensions, Participation, and Wages by Care Sector in Canada
Authors: Zagrodney Katherine , Deber Raisa , Saks Mike , Laporte Audrey
Published: December 2022

Personal Support Worker (PSW) supply is struggling to match the rising demand within many countries, particularly in the home and community (HC) sector. Although care demand projections are often sector-specific, our understanding of sector discrepancies on the PSW labour supply side is limited. This paper compares PSW job characteristics by means, proportions, and tests of significance across HC, nursing and long-term care home (LTC), and hospital sectors utilizing a sample of Canadian PSWs (1996–2010). Compared to LTC and hospital sectors, HC PSWs had significantly lower average wages, labour participation levels, permanent positions, job duration, and unionization rates. Relative wage distribution graphs showed how sector wage discrepancies existed across the wage distribution. These distinctions made the comparatively disadvantaged HC PSW position particularly salient, with important labour supply implications by sector. The relative attractiveness of HC sector jobs will become more critical as the rise in HC demand is projected to continue.