bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Science Teachers in Indonesia through NASE Workshops
Authors: Malasan Hakim L. , Ros Rosa M. , Kunjaya Chatief , Soegiartini Endang , Aprilia  , Romadhonia Riska W.
Published: December 2021

Youths and kids in Indonesia since almost two decades ago have been showing significant increase of interest in space sciences, especially astronomy. One of the main factors is due to the annual event of National Science Olympiad which includes Astronomy as the subject. The increasing level of public interest, especially younger generation on astronomical events, such as eclipses, moon sightings, meteor showers has been constantly observed from time to time. Being aware that Astronomy course does not included in primary and secondary education level’s curricula, teachers are somewhat desperate and are not capable to play role as clearing house in science related to space. The IAU Network of Astronomy for School Education Network (IAU-NASE) course was started in 2016 in Machung University, East Java as the pilot project in Indonesia. The course has attracted significant interest from teachers and university staff, especially in East and Middle Java Provinces. Being confident with the enthusiasm of teachers who expressed that NASE course could fulfil their needs to teach and instruct students in a very efficient way, it was organized consecutively at Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province in 2018 and 2019 (hosted by Institut Teknologi Sumatera) and in 2020 at Bandung, West Java Province (hosted by Institut Teknologi Bandung). The most recent NASE course on 21–23 August 2020, conducted in on-line mode, was attended by 74 participants, although primarily aimed at 15 School teachers, and was quite successful. The on-line observational activity turned out to be the most impressive session for the participants. We report and review four years of IAU NASE courses in Indonesia, with various documentation and brief analysis of the positive impact to the teachers and instructors attitude in teaching astronomy at secondary level of education.
Preparation to Brazilian Astronomical Olympiad on a public middle school
Authors: Ferreira Rafael R. , Teixeira Isabelly M.C. , de Melo Eliane T. , de Melo Marlia T.
Published: December 2021

This investigation was derived from the observation and teaching process carried out in elementary classes at the Brigadeiro Eduardo Gomes Municipal Middle School (Natal, Brazil) at the end of 2019. The sciences classes taught were the following: the development of astronomy and astronautics from antiquity to the modern era and, introduction to stellar evolution. The goal was to focus on preparing for the Brazilian Astronomical Olympics (OBA) for students in these classes. The results, both quantitative and qualitative, were quite satisfactory. Taking into account the region’s socio-economic vulnerability profile. In this context, the study of Astronomy in the classroom in search of creating new mechanisms to improve pedagogical activities encourages the critical and creative development of students, showing that they have the potential and want to make use of it.
Galaxy Forum South America-Argentina 2020
Authors: Durst S. , Safonova M. , Paolantonio S. , Colazo M. E. , Li G.
Published: December 2021

Galaxy Forum (GF) South America 2020, was held virtually on December 8, 2020 on the opening eve of IAU 367 by the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA Hawai’i) with the support of the Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (ITeDA, CNEA-CONICET-UNSAM) and IAU. Galaxy Forum is an education and outreach program sponsored by ILOA, an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a non-profit organization to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out.

As a IAU-367 associated event, Galaxy Forum featured comments by Dr. Beatriz Garcia and presentations by ILOA Director Steve Durst (ILOA Hawai’i, USA), Marcelo Colazo (CONAE, Argentina); César Gonzalez García (CSIC, Spain); Li Geng (NAOC, China); Santiago Paolantonio (Córdoba Observatory, Argentina) and Margarita Safonova (IIA, India). In this contribution, the overview of the contributions permits an approach to the GF interests.
A dialogue between Vygotsky’s learning theory and peer instruction in Astronomy classes
Authors: De Paula Jamili , de Alcântara Ferraz Denise Pereira , Figueiredo Newton
Published: December 2021

Active learning methodologies have been used to teach science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics at higher education institutions in several countries. We report the results of using peer instruction in an Astronomy undergraduate course taught at a research university in Brazil. The course syllabus covered topics on astrometry and celestial mechanics at an introductory level and was offered in the second semester of 2018. In order to better investigate the effect of the interaction among students, we have asked them to talk to their peers after the first poll regardless of the outcome. We have then analyzed the outcomes of all peer instruction polls, before and after student interaction, as well as the course evaluation questionnaires answered by the students at the end of the semester. From these analyses we were able to establish an approximation between peer instruction and some key elements of Vygotsky’s social interactionist theory.
Telescopic sunspot observations during the last four centuries: a forgotten world heritage
Authors: Vaquero José M.
Published: December 2021

Sunspot observations, normally made with small telescopes during the last four centuries, should be considered a world heritage for many reasons including purely scientific aspects and other cultural and social reasons. Here, these aspects are briefly reviewed.
Let’s turn off the lights and turn on the night: to the rescue of starlight in an age of artificial lighting
Authors: Sosa Andrea
Published: December 2021

Our ancestors contemplated an inspiring night sky of science, philosophy, art … today, it is estimated that one third of the world’s population have never seen the Milky Way. The progressive degradation of the quality of the night sky due to an inappropriate use of the artificial light at night, as well to other sources of sky pollution, must be considered as the fundamental loss of a scientific, cultural and environmental heritage of humanity.

In this public talk we summarized the most relevant aspects of light pollution, the reasons for promoting good lighting to protect dark skies, and some of the initiatives at a global level that are being developed to preserve the darkness of the night sky.
Discovering exoplanets in the classroom
Authors: Metaxa Margarita , Dapergolas Anastasios
Published: December 2021

This resource was developed to help bring this exciting area of research into the classroom. It consists of two practical activities appropriate for the K12 curriculum.

Each of the activities is standalone, takes around 60 minutes to complete and can be used either during lessons or as part of a science club. Each offers plenty of opportunity for extension work and includes a taking it further section to allow students to build on what they have learnt through independent research. The activities can be used individually, or in combination. We have already implemented them during the astrophysics summer courses we offer to school students at the National Observatory of Athens, with great success.
Creation of a MOOC and an Augmented Reality application on exoplanets for the Exoplanets-A project
Authors: de Assis Peralta R. , Minier Vincent , Lagage Pierre-Olivier
Published: December 2021

The European Exoplanets-A project aims to provide a comprehensive view of the nature of exoplanet atmospheres, through an interdisciplinary approach.

Exoplanets-A includes a knowledge server where we provide the scientific results and educational resources gathered and developed during the project. In this proceedings, we present two such educational resources: a MOOC and an augmented reality application.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligences and the Fermi Paradox
Authors: Prantzos Nikos
Published: December 2021

Of all the questions that Man asks himself about the Universe, the one concerning the possibility of the existence of an extra-terrestrial life form, and even more of an extra-terrestrial civilization, is probably the most fascinating. We cannot answer it today, but we can imagine the implications for the human species and its future in the Universe.
The IAU and Education: Introduction
Authors: van Dishoeck Ewine F.
Published: December 2021

This paper provides a brief overview of the many facets of astronomy education and heritage, and how the IAU stimulates them. Activities range from training in astronomy through scientific meetings and schools for young astronomers, to using astronomy as a tool for development and for stimulating science education at school level. Communicating astronomy with the public and engaging in outreach activities with children to inspire curiosity is yet another way of how astronomy can help build a literate society and install a sense of global citizenship. The involvement of many people at all levels is key to success.
A preliminary study of the impact of high school astronomy research-based learning in Thailand
Authors: Cheung Sze-leung , Tangmatitham Matipon
Published: December 2021

In Thailand, annually there are more than 50 high school students presenting in the Thai Astronomical Conference (Student Session) and more than 20 high school students joining research activities mentored by their teachers and NARIT staff through the “Advanced Teacher Training” scheme. These opportunities offer a unique experience for students to learn various skills through proposing a research question, design research methodologies, acquire different knowledge conducting research, present and communicate their results and response to criticism. Data collection for this qualitative research study is conducted through interviews with the senior high school students who completed their research presentations, with a control group of students who did not have research-based learning experience but had other informal learning experiences such as planetarium visit, or after school astronomy activities. The study looks into students’ learning behaviour, attitude towards science, skills acquired for other subjects, interest in science careers.
TUIMP: The Universe In My Pocket
Authors: Stasińska Grażyna
Published: December 2021

TUIMP is an outreach and educational project providing astronomical booklets that can be folded from one single sheet of paper. The booklets are written by professional astronomers and are intended for a broad audience. They can be downloaded for free from www.tuimp.org and used in classrooms, planetariums and in astronomy festivals. Presently they are available in 11 languages. Participation for writing new booklets or translating in any language is very welcome.
Can stakeholder dialogues help solve financial access restrictions faced by non-profit organizations that stem from countering terrorism financing standards and international sanctions?
Authors: van Broekhoven Lia , Goswami Sangeeta
Published: December 2021

Counterterrorism architecture has grown exponentially in the last two decades, with counterterrorism measures impacting humanitarian, development, peacebuilding and human rights action across the world. Addressing and mitigating the impact of these measures take various forms in different contexts, local and global. This article will address one particular form of engagement and redressal – that of the multi-stakeholder dialogue process – to deal with the unintended consequences for civil society of countering the financing of terrorism rules and regulations. The impact is seen in the difficulties that non-profit organizations face across the world in terms of financial access. Involving civil society, banks, government, financial intelligence, regulators, supervisors and banking associations, among others, in a dialogue process with clearly defined objectives is considered by policymakers and civil society to be the most appropriate and effective form of engagement for dealing with and overcoming this particular set of challenges. Multiple examples are provided of ongoing initiatives, with the nuances of each drawn out for a closer look at the conditions needed to sustain such dialogue, and an examination of whether such stakeholder dialogue processes are fit for purpose for solving the seemingly intractable problem at hand.
Estimating Heat‐Related Exposures and Urban Heat Island Impacts: A Case Study for the 2012 Chicago Heatwave
Authors: Chen Kaiyu , Newman Andrew J. , Huang Mengjiao , Coon Colton , Darrow Lyndsey A. , Strickland Matthew J. , Holmes Heather A.
Published: December 2021

Accelerated urbanization increases both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves (HW) and urban heat islands (UHIs). An extreme HW event occurred in 2012 summer that caused temperatures of more than 40°C in Chicago, Illinois, USA, which is a highly urbanized city impacted by UHIs. In this study, multiple numerical models, including the High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, were used to simulate the HW and UHI, and their performance was evaluated. In addition, sensitivity testing of three different WRF configurations was done to determine the impact of increasing model complexity in simulating urban meteorology. Model performances were evaluated based on the statistical performance metrics, the application of a multi‐layer urban canopy model (MLUCM) helps WRF to provide the best performance in this study. HW caused rural temperatures to increase by ∼4°C, whereas urban Chicago had lower magnitude increases from the HW (∼2–3°C increases). Nighttime UHI intensity (UHII) ranged from 1.44 to 2.83°C during the study period. Spatiotemporal temperature fields were used to estimate the potential heat‐related exposure and to quantify the Excessive Heat Factor (EHF). The EHF during the HW episode provides a risk map indicating that while urban Chicago had higher heat‐related stress during this event, the rural area also had high risk, especially during nighttime in central Illinois. This study provides a reliable method to estimate spatiotemporal exposures for future studies of heat‐related health impacts.
Quantification of Urban Forest and Grassland Carbon Fluxes Using Field Measurements and a Satellite‐Based Model in Washington DC/Baltimore Area
Authors: Winbourne J. B. , Smith I. A. , Stoynova H. , Kohler C. , Gately C. K. , Logan B. A. , Reblin J. , Reinmann A. , Allen D. W. , Hutyra L. R.
Published: December 2021

Cities are taking the lead on climate change mitigation with ambitious goals to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The implementation of effective mitigation policies will require accurate measurements to guide policy decisions and monitor their efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive CO2inventory of an urban temperate forest and unmanaged grassland using field observations. We estimate the annual storage of CO2by vegetation and soils and place our biogenic flux estimates in the context of local fossil fuel (FF) emissions to determine when, where, and by how much biogenic fluxes alter net CO2flux dynamics. We compare our hourly estimates of biogenic fluxes in the forest site to modeled estimates using a modified version of Urban‐Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (Urban‐VPRM) in Washington DC/Baltimore area presenting the first urban evaluation of this model. We estimate that vegetation results in a net biogenic uptake of −2.62 ± 1.9 Mg C ha−1 yr−1in the forest site. FF emissions, however, drive patterns in the net flux resulting in the region being a net source of CO2on daily and annual timescales. In the summer afternoons, however, the net flux is dominated by the uptake of CO2by vegetation. The Urban‐VPRM closely approximates hourly forest inventory based estimates of gross ecosystem exchange but overestimates ecosystem respiration in the dormant season by 40%. Our study highlights the importance of including seasonal dynamics in biogenic CO2fluxes when planning and testing the efficacy of CO2emission reduction polices and development of monitoring programs.
Light alkane oxidation over well-defined active sites in metal–organic framework materials
Authors: Hall Jacklyn N. , Li Mengying , Bollini Praveen
Published: December 2021

We review structure–catalytic property relationships for MOF materials used in the direct oxidation of light alkanes, focusing specifically on the elucidation of active site structures and probes for reaction mechanisms.
Regulating the surface state of ZnIn2S4 by gamma-ray irradiation for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Siyu , Li Peng , Sheng Lei , Song Lizhu , Zang Rui , Liu Shuaishuai , Liu Lequan , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2021

Surface state of ZnIn2S4 is regulated with γ-ray radiation, achieving over 10 times enhanced photocatalytic H2-evolution performance, which provides reasonable inspiration to regulate the surface vacancies of photocatalysts for enhanced activity.
Oral administration ofLactococcus lactisWHH2078 alleviates depressive and anxiety symptoms in mice with induced chronic stress
Authors: Gao Kan , Farzi Aitak , Ke Xueqin , Yu Yunxia , Chen Cailin , Chen Su , Yu Tengfei , Wang Haifeng , Li Yanjun
Published: December 2021

Lactococcus lactisstrain WHH2078, associated with restored 5 HT metabolism and gut microbiome composition can alleviate depressive and anxiety symptoms in mice with induced chronic stress, which may serve as a therapeutic agent for mood disorders.
Chitooligosaccharides alleviate hepatic fibrosis by regulating the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Heng , Gong Jinsong , Geng Yan , Jiang Min , Xu Hongyu , Xu Zhenghong , Shi Jinsong
Published: December 2021

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) ameliorated hepatic fibrosis, possibly by regulating the M1 and M2 polarization of the liver macrophages, which was reflected in the modulation of the JAK1/STAT6 and JAK2/STAT1 pathways.
Mag-spinner: a next-generation Facile, Affordable, Simple, and porTable (FAST) magnetic separation system
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Jeong Miseon , Lee Soojin , Lee Sang Hun , Choi Jin-sil
Published: December 2021

Mag-spinner, a system in which magnets are combined with a spinner system, is a new type of magnetic separation system for the preprocessing of biological and medical samples without limitations on place, cost, and equipment.
Correction: Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Khalid Sadia , Ahmed Ejaz , Azad Malik M. , Lewis David J. , Bakar Shahzad Abu , Khan Yaqoob , O’Brien Paul
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition’ by Sadia Khalid et al., New J. Chem., 2015, 39, 1013–1021, DOI: 10.1039/C4NJ01461H.
Bio-engineered nano-vesicles for IR820 delivery: a therapy platform for cancer by surgery and photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Zhou Changsheng , Wu Fanghua , Gao Chang , Liu Qianqian , Lv Peng , Li Ming , Huang Liyong , Wu Ting , Li Wengang
Published: December 2021

Schematic of G-Nvs@IR820 in the FL/PA imaging guided IGS/PTT therapy for HCC. Firstly, the synthesis of G-Nvs@IR820, and secondly, G-Nvs@IR820 were selectively bound to the Axl-overexpressing HCC tumor model, leading to specific FL/PA diagnosis and guided IGS/PTT.
Orthophosphate and alkaline phosphatase induced the formation of apatite with different multilayered structures and mineralization balance
Authors: Du Tianming , Niu Yumiao , Jia Zhenzhen , Liu Youjun , Qiao Aike , Yang Haisheng , Niu Xufeng
Published: December 2021

Apatite deposited on a collagen surface with different crystallinities and multilayered structures has been prepared. Orthophosphate and alkaline phosphatase are helpful for multilayered apatite formation and mineralization balance maintenance.
Solvent-free preparation of uniform styrene/maleimide copolymer microspheres from solid poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) microspheres
Authors: Chen Chuxuan , Xu Can , Zhai Jiaxin , Ma Yuhong , Zhao Changwen , Yang Wantai
Published: December 2021

A solvent-free strategy to prepare poly(styrene-alt-maleimide) (SMI) provides a facile and environmentally friendly pathway to a large-scale low cost production of monodisperse SMI microspheres.
The photoinduced back-and-forth deformation behavior of poly(arylene ether)s containing bis-azobenzene groups in the main chain
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Yuan Jianhang , Zhao Xue , Wu Le , Liu Zhen , Song Xi-Ming
Published: December 2021

A novel series of poly(arylene ether)s containing various bis-azobenzene groups in the main chain were synthesized and showed photoinduced back-and-forth deformation behavior.
Pyrylium salts acting as both energy transfer and electron transfer photocatalysts for E → Z isomerization of activated alkenes and cyclization of cinnamic or biaryl carboxylic acids
Authors: Bao Lei , Cheng Jin-Tang , Wang Zhi-Xiang , Chen Xiang-Yu
Published: December 2021

Here we report that 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts could perform both energy transfer and electron transfer photocatalysis modes for E → Z isomerization of activated alkenes and cyclization of cinnamic or biaryl carboxylic acids.
Cu(ii)-Catalyzed C2-site functionalization of p-aminophenols: an approach for selective cross-dehydrogenative aminations
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yang Fang , Wang Lin-Lin , Guo Jing , Xu Yu-Qin , Chen Zi-Sheng , Ji Kegong
Published: December 2021

Site selective cross dehydrogenative aminations from precursors without preactivated C–H and N–H bonds have been challenging.
Photoinduced C–H monofluoroalkenylation with gem-difluoroalkenes through hydrogen atom transfer under batch and flow conditions
Authors: Cao Chen-Lin , Zhang Guang-Xu , Xue Fei , Deng Hong-Ping
Published: December 2021

A mild and effective protocol for the monofluoroalkenylation of C–H bonds with gem-difluoroalkenes through the synergetic merger of photoredox and bromine-based hydrogen atom transfer catalysis under batch and flow conditions is reported.
Selective ozone activation of phenanthrene in liquid CO2
Authors: Shi Honghong , Lundin Michael , Danby Andrew , Go Eden P. , Patil Abhimanyu , Zhou Huaxing , Jackson Timothy A. , Subramaniam Bala
Published: December 2021

Facile phenanthrene (as a polyaromatic model compound) ozonolysis to oxygenated material precursors has been demonstrated in liquid CO2.
Anisotropic Kubo conductivity of electric field-induced monolayer β12-borophene
Authors: Mortezaei Nobahari Mohammad
Published: December 2021

The optical conductivity of β12-borophene for polarized light along x direction is studied.
Benzyl thioether formation merging copper catalysis
Authors: Xu Bing , Lin Ying , Ye Yang , Xu Li , Xie Tian , Ye Xiang-Yang
Published: December 2021

A novel copper-catalyzed thioetherification reaction has been developed to afford benzyl thioethers in moderate to excellent yields.
The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents
Authors: Wang Gang , Hao Pengcheng , Liang Yanping , Liang Yuwang , Liu Wanyi , Wen Jiantong , Li Xiang , Zhan Haijuan , Bi Shuxian
Published: December 2021

The polyaluminum chloride–ethanol micro–nano reactor is a green, efficient, easy-to-handle and economical catalyst for catalyzing organic synthesis reactions.
Where to place a spherical obstacle so as to maximize the first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue
Authors: Ftouhi Ilias
Published: December 2021

We prove that among all doubly connected domains of ℝnof the formB1\B̅2, whereB1andB2are open balls of fixed radii such thatB̅2⊂B1, the first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue achieves its maximal value uniquely when the balls are concentric. Furthermore, we show that the ideas of our proof also apply to a mixed boundary conditions eigenvalue problem found in literature.
Evaluation of horizontal resistance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii)
Authors: Gontcharov Sergey , Goloschapova Natalya
Published: December 2021

Downy mildew is one of the most important diseases of sunflower crop around the world caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl.et de Toni. The aim of our study was to evaluate the horizontal resistance of elite and prospective lines to downy mildew in field conditions. Experiments were conducted at All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in 2016–2020. Released and prospective sunflower lines bred at VNIIMK were studied, divided into four groups on the base of their race-specific resistance in laboratory tests. Experimental design was randomized blocks with two replications. Evaluation was made by recording all the recognizable symptoms of downy mildew from emergence till flowering. The results obtained allowed us to identify the lines with the highest race non-specific resistance to downy mildew: VK 678 (5.3%), VK 653 (7.3%), VA 760 (3.3%), VA 93 (2.0%) and VK 732 (6.3%). The final aim is the development of sunflower hybrids with the most durable resistance to downy mildew, combining one parental line with the major gene (Pl15) most effective for the specific location and the second parental line with a high level of horizontal resistance to downy mildew.
Die Wertigkeit von Endoprothesenregistern in der
Schulterendoprothetik am Beispiel der inversen Endoprothese
Authors: Blanke Fabian , Enghusen Charlotte , Enz Andreas , Haasters Florian , Lutter Christoph , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Tischer Thomas
Published: December 2021

Einleitung Nach dem schwedischen Vorbild gewinnen
Endoprothesenregister weltweit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Aufgrund der
steigenden Zahlen endoprothetischer Eingriffe am Schultergelenk werden diese
neben der Hüft- und Kniegelenksendoprothetik vermehrt in die
Registerdatenbanken aufgenommen. In dieser Arbeit soll die Wertigkeit von
Endoprothesenregistern am Beispiel der Schulterendoprothetik dargestellt und
mit klinischen Studien verglichen werden.

Material und Methodik Die Jahresberichte von 32 verschiedenen
Endoprothesenregistern zwischen 2013 und 2019 mit Daten zur Hüft-, Knie-
und/oder Schultergelenksendoprothetik wurden analysiert. Es wurden die
Operationszahlen und demografischen Patientendaten für alle Bereiche der
Endoprothetik untersucht. Zudem wurde eine weiterführende Betrachtung von
Variablen wie der Primärdiagnose, der Revisionsursache, der Revisionsrate in
Abhängigkeit von Risikofaktoren und Patient-reported Outcome Measures
(PROM-Scores) ausschließlich für die Schultergelenksendoprothesen
durchgeführt. Am Beispiel der inversen Schulterprothese wurden klinische
Studien mit Registerdaten hinsichtlich der Revisionsrate verglichen.

Ergebnisse 20 Endoprothesenregister konnten insgesamt eingeschlossen
werden, 9 von diesen erfassten Daten zur Schulterendoprothetik. Die
wesentlichen Primärdiagnosen stellten Osteoarthrose (40,6%),
Rotatorenmanschetten-Defektarthropathie (30,2%) und Frakturen (17,6%) dar.
Die am meisten verwendete Schultergelenksendoprothese war die inverse
Prothese (47,3%). Der Anteil der Revisionen an den Gesamtoperationen in der
Schulterendoprothetik lag in allen Registern unter 10%. Neben der
Revisionsrate wurden in den Registern teilweise PROM-Scores zur Evaluation
des Prothesenerfolges eingesetzt. Im Vergleich zu Registerdaten zeigten
klinische Studien heterogenere Daten mit einer deutlich höheren
Revisionsrate von über 10% im Langzeit-Follow-up am Beispiel der inversen
Schulterprothese.

Schlussfolgerung Registerdaten stellen eine wertvolle
Informationsquelle in der Schulterendoprothetik dar und können einen
erheblichen Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung endoprothetischer Behandlungen
leisten. Im Vergleich zu klinischen Studien liefern sie vordringlich Daten
zu Standzeiten und stellen geringere Revisionsraten dar. Klinische Studien
richten ihren Fokus mittels PROM-Scores und klinischen sowie radiologischen
Untersuchungen einerseits nur auf einzelne Implantate und operative Zentren
und andererseits weitaus stärker auf das funktionelle Ergebnis aus.
The Effect of Calcium Gluconate on Platelet Rich Plasma Activation for VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Margono Anggraini , Bagio Dini Asrianti , Julianto Indah , Suprastiwi Endang
Published: December 2021

Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activation is an important factor in triggering the initial release of blood-derived growth factors from platelets. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can be expressed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and plays an important role in dental pulp angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of calcium gluconate on PRP activation in hDPSC VEGF-A expression.

Materials and Methods Two types of PRP and their corresponding activators were analyzed in this study: PRP (activated using calcium chloride/CaCl2) and PRP-T (activated using CaCl2 with the addition of 10% calcium gluconate). hDPSCs were obtained by using an out-growth method (DPSCs-OG), and harvest between the fifth and sixth passages, then cultured in three different media groups: control, PRP, and PRP-T, which were planted in 96 wells (5 × 103 each well). The VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs was analyzed by using an ELISA test and observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Statistical Analysis This study was performed by using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) test.

Results There were significant differences between all groups (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of observations, and no significant differences in the PRP and PRP-T groups at 48 and 72 hours of observations (p > 0.05).

Conclusion PRP and PRP-T were equally effective in inducing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs.
Ethnic Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 after the Implementation of Universal Screening in Hartford, Connecticut
Authors: Pimentel Veronica Maria , Jackson Frank Ian , Ferrante Anthony Dino , Figueroa Reinaldo
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this article was to estimate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Connecticut, examine racial/ethnic disparities, and assess pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women following the implementation of universal screening for the virus.

Materials and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all obstetric patients admitted to our labor and delivery unit during the first 4 weeks of implementation of universal screening of COVID-19. Viral studies were performed in all neonates born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We calculated the prevalence of COVID-19, compared the baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between those who tested positive and negative for the virus, and determined the factors associated with COVID-19.

Results A total of 10 (4.6%) of 220 women screened positive for the virus. All were asymptomatic. Week 1 had the highest prevalence of infection, nearing 8%. No neonates were infected. Hispanics were more likely to test positive (odds ratio: 10.23; confidence interval: [2.71–49.1], p = 0.001). Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Although the rate of asymptomatic COVID-19 was low, ethnic disparities were present with Hispanics being more likely to have the infection.

Key Points
Performance of Pediatric Index of Mortality PIM-3 in a Tertiary Care PICU in India
Authors: Toteja Nisha , Choudhary Bharat , Khera Daisy , Sasidharan Rohit , Sharma Prem Prakash , Singh Kuldeep
Published: December 2021

Pediatric index of mortality-3 (PIM-3) is the latest update of one of the commonly used scoring systems in pediatric intensive care. It has free accessibility and is easy to use. However, there are some skepticisms regarding its practical usefulness in resource-limited settings. Hence, there is a need to generate region-specific data to evaluate its performance in different case mixes and resource constraints. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of the PIM-3 score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care PICU of a developing country. This is a retrospective cohort study. All children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the PICU during the study period from July 2016 to December 2018 were included. We reviewed the patient admission details and the case records of the enrolled. patients. Patient demographics, disease profile, co-morbidities, and PIM-3 scores were recorded along with the outcome. Area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curves was used to determine discrimination. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit were used to assess the calibration. Out of 282 children enrolled, 62 (21.9%) died. 58.5% of the patients were males, and 60% were less than 5 years of age. The principal diagnoses included respiratory and neurological conditions. The AUROC for PIM-3 was 0.961 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) and overall SMR was 1.28 (95% CI [0.96, 1.59]). Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was suggestive of poor calibration (χ
2 = 11.7, p < 0.05). We concluded that PIM-3 had good discrimination but poor calibration in our PICU setting.
Are YouTube Videos a Reliable Training Method for Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy? A Simulated Decision-Making Exercise to Assess the Critical View of Safety
Authors: Manatakis Dimitrios K. , Mylonakis Emmanouil , Anagnostopoulos Petros , Lamprakakis Konstantinos , Agalianos Christos , Korkolis Dimitrios P. , Dervenis Christos
Published: December 2021

Background The present study assesses the educational value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos on YouTube regarding the correct application of the critical view of safety (CVS), and evaluates… surgical trainees' perceptions of the CVS criteria in a simulated, operative decision-making exercise.

Methods YouTube was systematically searched for laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos, explicitly reporting a satisfactory CVS. The top 30 most popular videos, by number of views, were identified and scored on the 6-point scale by three experienced consultants. After watching a training module on CVS rationale and criteria, 10 trainees, blinded to the consultants' assessment, were instructed to view the videos, score each criterion and answer the binary question “Would you divide the cystic structures?” by “yes” or “no.”

Results An inadequate CVS was found in 30% of the included videos. No statistical association was noted between number of views, likes, or dislikes with successful CVS rates. Inter-observer agreement between consultants and trainees ranged from minimal to moderate (k = 0.07–0.60). Discrepancy between trainees' CVS scores and their simulated decision to proceed to division of the cystic structures was found in 15% of assessments, with intra-observer agreement ranging from minimal to excellent (k = 0.27–1.0). For the CVS requirements, inter-observer agreement was minimal for the dissection of the cystic plate (k = 0.26) and triangle clearance (k = 0.39) and moderate for the identification of two and only two structures (k = 0.42).

Conclusion The CVS is central to the culture of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical videos are a useful training tool as simulated, operative decision-making exercises. However, public video platforms should be used judiciously, since their content is not peer-reviewed or quality-controlled.
‘Some women are proud of their experience and I have to respect that’: an interview–study about midwives’ experiences in caring for infibulated women during childbirth in Sweden
Authors: Boisen Cecilia , Gilmore Nana , Wahlberg Anna , Lundborg Louise
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION As the immigrant communities in high-income countries become larger and increasingly multicultural and ethnically diverse, health professionals are more likely to see girls and women with, or at risk of, female genital mutilation or ‘cutting’ (FGM/C) in clinical practice. To provide good care and support, other health-care professionals may learn from the experiences of midwifes caring for infibulated women during labour in Sweden. AIM To describe Swedish midwives’ experiences in caring for infibulated women during labour. METHODS This is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with six midwives working at obstetric clinics in Sweden used open-ended questions. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by using thematic analysis. RESULTS Two main themes were identified: experienced challenges during the process of labour; and midwives’ emotional experiences. Midwives experienced challenges during their professional encounters with infibulated women and a variety of emotions were evoked when caring for these women during labour. Lack of general guidelines and standardised routines complicated their work. DISCUSSION The midwives’ experiences were negatively affected by organisational factors and being emotionally affected by the fact that these women were not perceived to be given appropriate care because of their FGM/C. Policymakers in Sweden should consider implementing national guidelines for how to care for women exposed to FGM/C, ideally at an early stage in their reproductive life.
Functionally-defined recurrent multi-word units in English-to-Polish translation
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz , Groom Nicholas
Published: December 2021

This study uses both parallel and comparable reference corpora in the English-Polish language pair to explore how translators deal with recurrent multi-word items performing specific discoursal functions. We also consider whether the observed tendencies overlap with those found in native texts, and the extent to which the discoursal functions realised by the multi-word items under scrutiny are “preserved” in translation. Capitalizing on findings from earlier research (Granger, 2014;Grabar & Lefer, 2015), we analyzed a pre-selected set of phrases signaling stance-taking and those functioning as textual, discourse-structuring devices originally found in the European Parliament proceedings corpus (Koehn, 2005) and included in the English-Polish parallel corpusParalela(Pęzik, 2016). Since our goal was to explore whether and to what extent English functionally-defined phrases reflect the same level of formulaicity and regularity in both Polish translations and native Polish texts, the findings provided insights into the translation tendencies of such items, and revealed – using inter-rater agreement metrics – that the discoursal functions of recurrent n-grams may change in translation.
New class of potentially habitable ocean worlds defined
Authors: James Chaneil
Published: December 2021

Hot, ocean-covered exoplanets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres could harbour life and may be more common than planets that are Earth-like in size, temperature and atmospheric composition.
The rationality of PM2.5 monitoring sites’ locations based on exposure level across eastern China
Authors: Yan Chang , Shi Guangming , Yang Fumo
Published: December 2021

Due to the heterogeneity of PM2.5 and population distribution, the representativeness of existing monitoring sites is questionable when the monitored data were used to assess the population exposure. By comparing the PM2.5 concentration from a satellite-based dataset named the China High Air Pollutants (CHAP), population and exposure level in urban areas with monitoring stations (UWS) and without monitoring stations (UNS), we discussed the rationality of the current spatial coverage of monitoring stations in eastern China. Through an analysis of air pollution in all urban areas of 256 prefectural-level municipalities in eastern China, we found that the average PM2.5 concentration in UNS in 2015 and 2018 were 52.26 μg m−3 and 41.32 μg m−3, respectively, which were slightly lower than that in UWS (52.98 μg m−3 and 41.48 μg m−3). About 12.1% of the prefectural-level municipalities had higher exposure levels in certain UNS than those in UWS. With the faster growth of UNS population, the gap between exposure levels of UNS and UWS were narrowing. Hence, currently prevalent administration-based principle of site location selection might have higher risk of missing the non-capital urban areas with relatively higher PM2.5 exposure level in the future.
Phylogeography of the Neotropical sciurid Guerlinguetus brasiliensis (Rodentia: Sciuridae)
Authors: Gomes Rocha Rita , Loss Ana Carolina , Do Prado Joyce Rodrigues , Reis Raiany Oliveira , Duda Rafaela , Pires Costa Leonora
Published: December 2021

The Brazilian squirrel Guerlinguetus brasiliensis is the only sciurid species occurring in the Atlantic Forest. We investigated the geographical distribution of the genetic diversity of this sciurid species across the Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest, using two mitochondrial markers and one nuclear marker. We also inferred the demographic history and estimated the present and past habitat suitability for the species. We found strong mitochondrial DNA structure, possibly with both the Doce River and the valley of Paraíba do Sul River restricting gene flow between populations. The demography and ecological niche modelling highlighted a shared evolutionary history amongst several forest-dependent species in the Atlantic Forest. A pattern of isolation by distance was also found, revealing the low mobility and/or dispersal capacity of the species. Further data are required to disentangle exactly how past and/or recent habitat changes have affected population-level genetic diversity of G. brasiliensis.
Fertility treatment and breast-cancer incidence: meta-analysis
Authors: Cullinane Carolyn , Gillan Hannah , Geraghty James , Evoy Denis , Rothwell Jane , McCartan Damian , McDermott Enda W. , Prichard Ruth S.
Published: December 2021

Background

The significance of exogenous hormone manipulation as part of fertility treatment and its relationship to the development of breast cancer remains uncertain. Several historical reviews have been performed with conflicting results. This study is an updated meta-analysis to determine whether there is a causal relationship between different fertility treatments and breast cancer.

Methods

The study report is based on the guidelines of PRISMA and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Studies published within the last 20 years were included to reflect up to date in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice. This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO on 07/04/2021, registration identification CRD42021247706. The primary outcome of the study was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of breast cancer in women treated with hormonal fertility treatment. The secondary outcomes were to determine whether fertility treatments were individually associated with excess breast-cancer risk.

Results

Overall, 25 studies, including 617 479 participants, were eligible for inclusion. There was no significant breast-cancer risk association with fertility treatment (compared with general and subfertility reference groups). Summary odds ratio of all included studies was 0.97 (95 per cent c.i. 0.90 to 1.04). Women who received six or more IVF cycles did not have an increased risk of breast cancer. Similarly, there was no excess breast-cancer risk associated with clomiphene, human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin analogues and progesterone when examined individually. Comparably, there was no significant association between fertility treatment and excess breast-cancer risk in patients with more than 10 years’ follow-up. Summary odds ratio was 0.97 (95 per cent c.i. 0.85 to 1.12).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis did not find a significant association between fertility treatments and excess breast-cancer risk. Women considering IVF should be informed that it does not appear to increase breast-cancer risk.
Strong convergence of Euler–Maruyama schemes for McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations under local Lipschitz conditions of state variables
Authors: Li Yun , Mao Xuerong , Song Qingshuo , Wu Fuke , Yin George
Published: December 2021

This paper develops strong convergence of the Euler–Maruyama (EM) schemes for approximating McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In contrast to the existing work, a novel feature is the use of a much weaker condition—local Lipschitzian in the state variable, but under uniform linear growth assumption. To obtain the desired approximation, the paper first establishes the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the original McKean–Vlasov SDE using a Euler-like sequence of interpolations and partition of the sample space. Then, the paper returns to the analysis of the EM scheme for approximating solutions of McKean–Vlasov SDEs. A strong convergence theorem is established. Moreover, the convergence rates under global conditions are obtained.
Asian Ethnic Subgroup Disparities in Delays of Surgical Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Navarro Stephanie , Yang Yifei , Ochoa Carol Y , Mejia Aaron , Kim Sue E , Liu Lihua , Lerman Caryn , Farias Albert J
Published: December 2021

Background

As Asian American breast cancer incidence rises, it is necessary to investigate the origins of differential breast cancer outcomes among Asian ethnic subgroups. This study aimed to examine disparities in delays of breast cancer surgery among Asian ethnic subgroups.

Methods

We obtained California Cancer Registry data on female breast cancer diagnoses and treatment from 2012 to 2017. Our main independent variable was patient race and ethnicity, including 6 Asian ethnic subgroups. Dependent variables included time to surgical treatment for breast cancer and receipt of surgical treatment within 30 and 90 days of diagnosis. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of receiving surgery within 30 and 90 days of diagnosis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to determine the risk of prolonged time to surgery.

Results

In our cohort of 93 168 breast cancer patients, Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 0.89) and non-Hispanic Black (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.88) patients were statistically significantly less likely than non-Hispanic White patients to receive surgery within 30 days of breast cancer diagnosis, whereas Asian Indian or Pakistani (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.40) and Chinese (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.40) patients were statistically significantly more likely to receive surgery within 30 days of diagnosis.

Conclusions

This large, population-based retrospective cohort study of female breast cancer patients is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that time to surgical treatment is not equal for all Asians. Distinct differences among Asian ethnic subgroups suggest the necessity of further investigating breast cancer treatment patterns to fully understand and target disparities in breast cancer treatment.