bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Common Modulation Spectral Features to Vocal-Emotion Recognition of Noise-Vocoded Speech in Noisy Reverberant Environments
Authors: Guo Taiyang , Zhu Zhi , Kidani Shunsuke , Unoki Masashi
Published: October 2022

In one study on vocal emotion recognition using noise-vocoded speech (NVS), the high similarities between modulation spectral features (MSFs) and the results of vocal-emotion-recognition experiments indicated that MSFs contribute to vocal emotion recognition in a clean environment (with no noise and no reverberation). Other studies also clarified that vocal emotion recognition using NVS is not affected by noisy reverberant environments (signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 10 dB and reverberation time is less than 1.0 s). However, the contribution of MSFs to vocal emotion recognition in noisy reverberant environments is still unclear. We aimed to clarify whether MSFs can be used to explain the vocal-emotion-recognition results in noisy reverberant environments. We analyzed the results of vocal-emotion-recognition experiments and used an auditory-based modulation filterbank to calculate the modulation spectrograms of NVS. We then extracted ten MSFs as higher-order statistics of modulation spectrograms. As shown from the relationship between MSFs and vocal-emotion-recognition results, except for extremely high noisy reverberant environments, there were high similarities between MSFs and the vocal emotion recognition results in noisy reverberant environments, which indicates that MSFs can be used to explain such results in noisy reverberant environments. We also found that there are two common MSFs (MSKTk (modulation spectral kurtosis) and MSTLk (modulation spectral tilt)) that contribute to vocal emotion recognition in all daily environments.
Intelligent Data Analytics Framework for Precision Farming Using IoT and Regressor Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Rokade Ashay , Singh Manwinder , Malik Praveen Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Alsuwian Turki
Published: October 2022

Smart farming with precise greenhouse monitoring in various scenarios is vital for improved agricultural growth management. The Internet of Things (IoT) leads to a modern age in computer networking that is gaining traction. This paper used a regression-based supervised machine learning approach to demonstrate a precise control of sensing parameters, CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light intensity, in a smart greenhouse agricultural system. The proposed scheme comprised four main components: cloud, fog, edge, and sensor. It was found that the greenhouse could be remotely operated for the control of CO2, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light, resulting in improved management. Overall implementation was remotely monitored via the IoT using Message Query Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and sensor data were analysed for their standard and anomalous behaviours. Then, for practical computation over the cloud layer, an analytics and decision-making system was developed in the fog layer and constructed using supervised machine learning algorithms for precise management using regression modelling methods. The proposed framework improved its presentation and allowed us to properly accomplish the goal of the entire framework.
Experimental Study of the Vibrations of a Roller Shutter Gripper
Authors: Kaczmarek Wojciech , Borys Szymon , Panasiuk Jarosław , Siwek Michał , Prusaczyk Piotr
Published: October 2022

The article presents issues related to an experimental study of the vibrations of a roller shutter gripper on a robotic palletizing station. The authors presented the developed and built construction of the gripper for handling whole layers of products, separators, and pallets. The concept of the device was developed in cooperation with an integrator company. The authors verified the functionality of the gripper in a virtual environment for modeling and programming industrial robots. After the gripper was manufactured and the control software was developed for it, functional tests and inertia tests were carried out. The main purpose of the tests was to determine the vibration of the robot’s flange and the vibration of the attached gripper. Tests of the gripper’s properties on the robotic test bench were performed using MTi XSENS sensors and a PHANTOM V210 high-speed camera. The testing methodology proposed by the authors made it possible to confirm the occurrence of vibrations in the structure and to determine the relationship between the parameters of the robot’s motion (velocity and acceleration) and the magnitude of the vibrations occurring. During the tests, a disturbance in the decrease in the maximum value of acceleration was noted. This may be due to the appearance of natural vibrations in the structure. They have a damped character; however, they are not steady. In future work, the authors will focus on the possibility of using the proposed methodology to reduce robot vibrations in selected robotic production processes (such as spot welding).
Ensembles of Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithms for Training Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks
Authors: Floria Sabina-Adriana , Gavrilescu Marius , Leon Florin , Curteanu Silvia
Published: October 2022

Artificial neural networks have proven to be effective in a wide range of fields, providing solutions to various problems. Training artificial neural networks using evolutionary algorithms is known as neuroevolution. The idea of finding not only the optimal weights and biases of a neural network but also its architecture has drawn the attention of many researchers. In this paper, we use different biologically inspired optimization algorithms to train multilayer perceptron neural networks for generating regression models. Specifically, our contribution involves analyzing and finding a strategy for combining several algorithms into a hybrid ensemble optimizer, which we apply for the optimization of a fully connected neural network. The goal is to obtain good regression models for studying and making predictions for the process of free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). In the first step, we use a search procedure to find the best parameter values for seven biologically inspired optimization algorithms. In the second step, we use a subset of the best-performing algorithms and improve the search capability by combining the chosen algorithms into an ensemble of optimizers. We propose three ensemble strategies that do not involve changes in the logic of optimization algorithms: hybrid cascade, hybrid single elite solution, and hybrid multiple elite solutions. The proposed strategies inherit the advantages of each individual optimizer and have faster convergence at a computational effort very similar to an individual optimizer. Our experimental results show that the hybrid multiple elite strategy ultimately produces neural networks which constitute the most dependable regression models for the aforementioned process.
Using Hazard and Surrogate Functions for Understanding Memory and Forgetting
Authors: Chechile Richard A.
Published: October 2022

The retention of human memory is a process that can be understood from a hazard-function perspective. Hazard is the conditional probability of a state change at time t given that the state change did not yet occur. After reviewing the underlying mathematical results of hazard functions in general, there is an analysis of the hazard properties associated with nine theories of memory that emerged from psychological science. Five theories predict strictly monotonically decreasing hazard whereas the other four theories predict a peaked-shaped hazard function that rises initially to a peak and then decreases for longer time periods. Thus, the behavior of hazard shortly after the initial encoding is the critical difference among the theories. Several theorems provide a basis to explore hazard for the initial time period after encoding in terms of a more practical surrogate function that is linked to the behavior of the hazard function. Evidence for a peak-shaped hazard function is provided and a case is made for one particular psychological theory of memory that posits that memory encoding produces two redundant representations that have different hazard properties. One memory representation has increasing hazard while the other representation has decreasing hazard.
Application-Oriented Digital Image Correlation for the High-Speed Deformation and Fracture Analysis of AISI 1045 and Ti6Al4V Materials
Authors: Gerdes Lars , Berger Sebastian , Saelzer Jannis , Franck Pascal , Helwing Ramon , Zabel Andreas , Walther Frank
Published: October 2022

In order to achieve realistic simulations of the chip formation, high quality input data regarding the flow stress and damage behavior of the materials are required. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test setup for the characterization of highly dynamic material properties offers a suitable method for generating high strain rates, similar to those in the chip formation zone. However, the strain measurement in SHPB is usually performed by means of strain gauges. This leads to an unreliable evaluation of strain rate and flow stress/shear flow stress in the case of an inhomogeneous material deformation, since this method presents the total strain whilst excluding local deformations. Inhomogeneous deformations are induced deliberately in special shear specimens, as they are also observed in the investigated cylindrical specimens. The present work deals with this issue by providing two additional measurement techniques, which are applied in SHPB tests for cylindrical specimens made of AISI 1045 and Ti6Al4V. To enable a local strain resolution, digital image correlation (DIC) is applied to high-speed images of the deformation process. In order to allow for the detection of shear bands in the specimens, a deep-learning-based approach is presented. The two measurement methods (strain gauges and DIC) are compared and discussed. In particular, the findings regarding the inhomogeneous deformation of Ti6Al4V allow for future improvements in the result quality of SHPB tests. The presented algorithm shows promising predictions for shear band detection and creates the basis for an automated evaluation of shear sample results, as well as an AI-based pre-selection of frames for the DIC evaluation of SHPB tests.
Genomic Features of Pseudomonas putida PCL1760: A Biocontrol Agent Acting via Competition for Nutrient and Niche
Authors: Afordoanyi Daniel Mawuena , Diabankana Roderic Gilles Claret , Miftakhov Aynur Kamilevich , Kuchaev Evgenii Sergeyevich , Validov Shamil Zavdatovich
Published: October 2022

Pseudomonasputida strain PCL1760 is a biocontrol agent protecting plants from pathogens via the mechanism of competition for nutrients and niches (CNN). To confirm this mechanism as well as to adapt the strain for biotechnological applications, full genome analysis was compared with the known biotechnological model, P. putida S12, and other related species, which were analyzed on different genomic databases. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of PCL1760 was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas syringae. No genetic systems involved in antibiosis were revealed among the secondary metabolite clusters of the strain of PCL1760. The only antagonistic effect was observed against P. syringae, which might be because of siderophore (yellow-greenish fluorescence), although less than 19% pyoverdin biosynthesis clusters were predicted using the AntiSMASH server. P. putida PCL1760 in comparison with the Pseudomonas simiae strain PCL1751, another biocontrol agent acting solely via CNN, which lost its ‘luxury’ genes necessary for antibiosis or parasitism/predation mechanisms, but carries genetic systems providing motility. Interestingly, immunity genes (CRISPR/Cas and prophages) showed PCL1760 to be robust in comparison with S12, while annotation on OrthoVenn2 showed PCL1760 to be amenable for genetic manipulations. It is tempting to state that rhizobacteria using the mechanism of CNN are distinguishable from biocontrol agents acting via antibiosis or parasitism/predation at the genomic level. This confirms the CNN of PCL1760 as the sole mechanism for biocontrol and we suggest the strain as a new model for genetic engineering.
Andrey Bely as an Artist vis-à-vis Aleksandr Golovin: How the Cover of the Journal Dreamers Was Created
Authors: Spivak Monika
Published: October 2022

Samuil Alyanski, the owner and founder of the Alkonost publishing house (1918–1923), as early as 1918 had decided to issue a journal called Dreamers’ Notes, meant to bring together the Symbolist writers remaining in Russia after the October Revolution, primarily Aleksandr Blok, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and Andrei Bely. Despite the generally accepted view based on the memoirs of Alyanski, Andrei Bely played a leading role in the creation of the journal including the design of the cover commissioned by Alyanski from the famous Modernist artist Aleksandr Golovin. This article analyzes the sketches that Andrei Bely proposed as an idea for the journal cover as well as establishing their connection with the writer’s visionary drawings from the period of life when he was close to Rudolf Steiner and with book graphics from the period of his collaboration with the publishing house Alkonost. At first cursory glance, there is little in common between the cover of Dreamers’ Notes drawn by Golovin in the Modernist style and the sketches of Andrei Bely who was trying to make the journal а platform for Anthroposophy. However, as demonstrated in the article, all of Bely’s ideas were utilized by Golovin in creating his own artistic masterpiece.
Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillation Features of Winter Cold Precipitation Events in Southern China
Authors: Gao Qingjiu , Zhang Ziqi , Zhu Yesheng , Chen Shuyi
Published: October 2022

Based on the daily minimum air temperature (Tmin) data and the daily precipitation data from the NCC/CMA combined with the NCEP/DOE reanalysis data, the intraseasonal features and circulations of the winter cold precipitation events (CPEs) in southern China under the influence of strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) were explored. The results show that: (1) Winter temperatures in southern China are characterized by intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of 10–30-d and 30–60-d, with six CPEs under strong MJO all occurring during these two intraseasonal scales in cooling phases. The invasion of cold air coupled with the availability of appropriate moisture conditions in southern China is more conducive to the CPEs. (2) A cyclone and anticyclone lying to the east of the Ural Mountains and the northwest of Lake Baikal at 925-hPa gradually move southeastward. The merging of the low-frequency (LF) blocking highs over the Ural Mountains and the North Pacific Ocean at 500-hPa leads to the contraction and southward movement of the LF cold vortex. The following anomalous northerly winds steer the cold air towards southern China. The cold advection is the dominant term in the cooling process, while the adiabatic cooling accompanied with ascending motion is also beneficial to the cooling process. (3) MJO has some effect on the LF blocking highs and the cold vortex in the mid-high latitudes and induces the CPEs over southern China. The joint effect of mid-high and low latitudes on the 30–60-d intraseasonal oscillation scale can have a significant impact on the cooling and precipitation processes of CPEs.
Implementing Hydrological Forecasting Services Supporting Waterway Management and Transportation Logistics Relating to Hydroclimatic Impacts
Authors: Meißner Dennis , Klein Bastian , Frielingsdorf Barbara
Published: October 2022

As recent years have shown, inland waterways are prone to hydroclimatic impacts. Dry spells, such as in 2003, 2015 or 2018, significantly affected freight transport as well as passenger shipping along Central Europe’s major inland waterways, such as the River Rhine. At the same time, heavy rainfall and the proceeding sea-level rise increasingly hamper the management of numerous inland waterways, such as the Kiel Canal. As prognostic information enables waterway stakeholders to take preventive measures regarding hydroclimatic impacts, the demand for extended-range hydrological forecasts tailored to the management and use of waterways is significantly increasing. Based on preliminary studies, the Federal Institute of Hydrology started developing preliminary extended-range forecast products for relevant gauges at the German waterways since 2015. Step-by-step operational services supplying these new forecast products have been set-up. For the River Rhine, a ten-day forecast has been publicly available since 2019. In 2022, a six-week forecast for Rhine and Elbe will further extend the waterway-related forecasting services in Germany. This article provides insight into the setting of these extended navigation-related forecasting services, where the communication of forecast uncertainties is still a major challenge.
Forecasting Crop Residue Fires in Northeastern China Using Machine Learning
Authors: Bai Bing , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Sumei , Li Xiaolan , Zhang Xuelei , Xiu Aijun
Published: October 2022

With repeated changes to local crop residue disposal policies in recent years, the distribution and density of crop residue fire events have been irregular in both space and time. A nonlinear and complex relationship between natural and anthropogenic factors often affects the occurrence of crop residue field fires. To overcome this difficulty, we used the Himawari-8 wildfire data for 2018–2021 to verify the likelihood of crop residue fires against the results of three machine learning methods: logistic regression, backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and decision tree (DT). The results showed the verified accuracies of BPNN and DT methods were 68.59 and 79.59%. Meantime, the sensitivity and specificity of DT performed the best, with the value of area under the curve (AUC) 0.82. Furthermore, among all the influencing factors, open burning prohibition constraints, relative humidity and air pressure showed significant correlations with open burning events. As such, BPNN and DT could accurately forecast the occurrence of agricultural fires. The results presented here may improve the ability to forecast agricultural field fires and provide important advances in understanding fire formation in Northeastern China. They would also provide scientific and technical support for crop fire control and air quality forecasting.
A Temperature Refinement Method Using the ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Li Zhicai , Gong Xu , Liu Mingjia , Tang Hui , Yao Yifan , Liu Mengfan , Yang Fei
Published: October 2022

Air temperature is an important parameter in the research of meteorology, environment, and ecology. Obtaining accurate temperature values with high spatial–temporal resolution is the premise for regional climate monitoring and analysis and is also the basis for the calculation of various ecological and environmental factors. In this study, we proposed a temperature refinement method using the ERA5 reanalysis data, which constructed the correlation between the measured temperature derived from weather stations and the interpolated temperature based on the artificial neutral network (ANN) model. Experiments in a high-intensity coal mining area in China were conducted, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and compound relative error (CRE) were adopted as the statistical values in the internal and external accuracy tests. Numerical results showed that the proposed temperature refinement method outperformed the traditional interpolated method with an approximately 42% and 33% RMSE improvement in the internal and external accuracy test, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method effectively improved the geographic differences of the traditional method and obtained temperature estimates with high accuracy at arbitrary sites.
Two-Dimensional Mapping of Ionospheric Total Electron Content over the Philippines Using Kriging Interpolation
Authors: Maglambayan Vincent Louie L. , Macalalad Ernest P.
Published: October 2022

Monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) was made possible with the help of satellite data, albeit in one dimension. However, ionospheric TEC maps can be produced from a collection of one-dimensional satellite data over a geographic area. Multiple mapping methods have been recognized; however, this study tried to test one of those methods: kriging interpolation. An algorithm was developed and used to reconstruct GIMs. The optimum number of stations and the semivariogram model were evaluated using GIM maps modeling 12 days of March 2015, accounting for different ionospheric conditions. This includes days of high scintillation and an ionospheric storm due to the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm of 2015. It was found that 12 stations and the linear semivariogram model had the least mean error in 5 days and had the least standard deviation in 7 days, making it the optimum parameter set. This optimum set was then used to map and analyze the ionosphere using actual satellite data from the Philippine Active Geodetic Network (PAGeNet). From this, it was observed that there is a north–south gradient in VTEC in the region during the day. The VTEC in the north reaches more than 100 TECU, and, in the south, generally around 60–90 TECU depending on the ionospheric condition. VTEC was at a minimum during the night when the VTEC level decreases to around 10 TECU.
Multivariate Urban Air Quality Assessment of Indoor and Outdoor Environments at Chennai Metropolis in South India
Authors: Karuppasamy Manikanda Bharath , Natesan Usha , Karuppannan Shankar , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi Narasimhan , Hussain Sajjad , Almohamad Hussein , Dughairi Ahmed Abdullah Al , Al-Mutiry Motrih , Alkayyadi Ibrahim , Abdo Hazem Ghassan
Published: October 2022

The present study examines indoor and outdoor environmental particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in order to evaluate the urban air quality, the sources and pathways of pollutants, and its impact on Chennai megacity, South India. A total number of 25 air conditioner filter particulate matter samples collected from residential buildings, schools, colleges, commercial shopping malls, and buildings near urban highways were studied for indoor air quality. Similarly, outdoor air quality assessments have been done in various parts of the Chennai metropolis, including the Manali-Industrial area, the Velachery-Residential site, and the Alandur Bus Depot, as well as collected air quality data sets from the Central Pollution Control Board at continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. The suspended atmospheric particles where the highest concentration (47%) occurred were mostly located in the roadside environments followed by commercial areas (42%), which indicates the increase in air pollution in the roadside areas. Further, environmental magnetism and ecological risk indices were studied from the collected data set. The study predicts that the air pollutants were predominantly from anthropogenic sources, such as vehicle emissions, effluents from power plants, abrasion of tires, steelworks, burning of fossil fuels and construction materials, etc. As a result, the current study suggests 68% of indoor pollutants were from the anthropogenic input, 18% from the pedogenic origin, and 14% from high heavy metal pollution at the sampling sites. This indicates that raising the ventilation rate via mechanical components significantly enhances the indoor air quality. These findings might be valuable in improving urban air quality, reducing traffic-related pollutants, and improving environmental quality.
Coupling Effects of Sandstorm and Dust from Coal Bases on the Atmospheric Environment of Northwest China
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhao Tingning , Wang Ruoshui , Ai Xianfeng , Wang Mengwei , Sun Tao , Jiang Qunou
Published: October 2022

The coupling effects of sandstorm and dust from coal bases themselves can have a major impact on the atmospheric environment as well as on human health. The typical coal resource city of Wuhai in Inner Mongolia was selected in order to study these impacts during a severe sandstorm event in March 2021. Particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) samples were collected during the sandstorm event of 15–19 March 2021 and non-sandstorm weather (11–13 March 2021) and analyzed for their chemical composition. The concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and TSP in Wuhai city during the sandstorm were 2.2, 2.6, 4.8 and 6.0 times higher than during non-sandstorm days, respectively. Trace metals concentrations in particles of different sizes generally increased during the sandstorm, while water-soluble ions decreased. Positive matrix fraction (PMF) results showed that the main sources of particles during both sandstorm and non-sandstorm days were industrial emissions, traffic emissions, combustion sources and dust. The proportion of industrial emissions and combustion sources increased compared with non-sandstorm days, while traffic emissions and dust decreased. The backward trajectory analysis results showed that airflows were mainly transported over short distances during non-sandstorm days, and high concentration contribution source areas were from southern Ningxia, southeast Gansu and western Shaanxi. The airflow was mainly transported over long distances during the sandstorm event, and high concentration contribution source areas were from northwestern Inner Mongolia, southern Russia, northern and southwestern Mongolia, and northern Xinjiang. A health risk analysis showed that the risk to human health during sandstorm days related to the chemical composition of particles was generally 1.2–13.1 times higher than during non-sandstorm days. Children were more susceptible to health risks, about 2–6.3 times more vulnerable than adults to the risks from heavy metals in the particles under both weather conditions.
Analysis of Microtopography Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapour over the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shu Zhiliang , Tao Tao , Pu Dongyang , Wu Hao , Lin Tong , Zhu Haoran , Sun Yanqiao , Sang Jianren , Yue Yong
Published: October 2022

The Liupan Mountain (LPM) area is located on the northeast margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which is the western part of the second ladder of China’s terrain. It is also an intersection area of two air currents, which are caused by the combined action of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the middle and lower levels of the westerly belt and the edge of the monsoon area. LPM is one of the main air water vapour transport pathways in Northwest China as well as a main water conservation area for nearly ten million people. Research on atmospheric precipitable water vapour (PWV) variation characteristics in LPM is beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of orographic precipitation and improving the effects of weather modification. Based on the data from 10 Global Navigation Satellite System Meteorology (GNSS/MET) stations for 6 years and the data of automatic weather stations in the LPM, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PWV in the LPM were analysed, and the differences in PWV in the 24 h before and after precipitation were compared in this study. The results showed that the hourly, monthly and seasonal variations in PWV displayed obvious patterns. PWV increased rapidly 10 h ahead of precipitation, while it decreased rapidly within 10 h after precipitation, which was slower than that before precipitation. In terms of spatial distribution, PWV was larger in the south than in the north and larger in the east than in the west. Although the precipitation on the LPM peak was the highest in the whole LPM area, its PWV was always the lowest, indicating that the PWV was obviously affected by the air temperature. This showed that under the same water vapour condition, precipitation was more likely to form in the area with low temperature, and the precipitation was larger, which also provided a train of thought for improving the method of artificial precipitation enhancement by using the condensation catalyst.
Interference Phenomenon in Electron-Molecule Collisions
Authors: Baltenkov Arkadiy S. , Woiciechowski Igor
Published: October 2022

This article discusses how the pattern of elastic scattering of an electron on a pair of identical atomic centers is modified if we abandon the assumption, standard in molecular physics, that outside of some molecular sphere surrounding the centers, the wave function of the molecular continuum is atomic-like, being a linear combination of the regular and irregular solutions of the wave equation. For this purpose, the elastic scattering of slow particles by a pair of non- overlapping short-range potentials has been studied. The continuum wave function of the particle is represented as a combination of a plane wave and two spherical s-waves propagating freely throughout space. The asymptotic behavior of this function determines the amplitude of elastic particle scattering in closed form. It is demonstrated that this amplitude can be represented as a partial expansion in a set of the orthonormal functions Zλ(r) other than spherical harmonics Ylm(r). General formulas for these functions are obtained. The coefficients of the scattering amplitude expansion into a series of functions Zλ(r) and determine the scattering phases ηλ(k) for the considered two- atomic target. The special features of the S-matrix method for the case of arbitrary non-spherical potentials are discussed.
The Influence of Fast Particles on Plasma Rotation in the TUMAN-3M Tokamak
Authors: Yashin Alexander , Belokurov Alexander , Askinazi Leonid , Petrov Alexander , Ponomarenko Anna ,   the TUMAN-3M Team
Published: October 2022

In most present-day tokamaks, the majority of the heating power comes from sources such as neutral-beam injection (NBI) and other types of auxiliary heating which allow for the transfer of energy to the plasma by a small population of externally introduced fast particles. The behavior of the fast ions is important for the overall plasma dynamics, and understanding their influence is vital for the success of any future magnetic confinement devices. In the TUMAN-3M tokamak, it has been noted that the loss of fast particles during NBI can lead to dramatic changes in the rotation velocity profiles, as they are responsible for the negative radial electric field on the periphery.
Two-Photon Polarizability of Ba+ Ion: Control of Spin-Mixing Processes in an Ultracold 137Ba+ − 87Rb Mixture
Authors: Das Arghya , Bhowmik Anal , Dutta Narendra Nath , Majumder Sonjoy
Published: October 2022

In this work, we present a scheme of a two-photon interaction to calculate magic wavelengths for the 62S12 − 52D32,52 clock transitions of Ba+ ion employing the relativistic coupled-cluster method. These magic wavelengths can be essential inputs to achieve better accuracy in the future ionic clock experiments. In this paper, we further show an application of a two-photon interaction to the spin-mixing processes, |0,0⟩↔|+1,−1⟩ and |0,0⟩↔|−1,+1⟩, of an ultra-cold spin-1 mixture of 137Ba+ ions and 87Rb atoms. We determine the protocols for selecting these spin-mixing oscillations by changing the strength and frequencies of the externally applied magnetic field and laser beams, respectively.
Logic, Game Theory, and Social Choice: What Do They Have in Common?
Authors: Swart Harrie de
Published: October 2022

The answer to the question above is that in all these domains axiomatic characterizations are given of, respectively, mathematical reasoning, certain notions from game theory, and certain social choice rules. The meaning of the completeness theorem in logic is that mathematical reasoning can be characterized by a handful of certain (logical) axioms and rules. If we apply mathematical reasoning to elementary arithmetic, i.e., the addition and multiplication of natural numbers, it turns out that almost all true arithmetical statements, for instance, ∀x∀y[x+y=y+x], can be logically deduced from the axioms of Peano. However, in 1931 Kurt Gődel showed that the axioms of Peano do not (fully) characterize the addition and multiplication of the natural numbers, more precisely, that there are certain special self-referential arithmetical sentences that, although true, cannot be deduced from Peano’s axioms. There are axiomatic characterizations of several social choice and ranking rules that say that a given rule is the only one satisfying a particular set of axioms. Arrow’s impossibility theorem in social choice theory tells us that a certain set of, at first sight, quite reasonable axioms for a social ranking rule turns out to be inconsistent. Consequently, a social ranking rule that satisfies the axioms in question cannot exist. Finally, many notions from game theory, such as the Shapley–Shubik and the Banzhaf index, may also be characterized by a set of axioms.
Proportional Hazard Model and Proportional Odds Model under Dependent Truncated Data
Authors: Hsieh Jin-Jian , Chen Yun-Jhu
Published: October 2022

Truncation data arise when the interested event time can be observed only if it satisfies a certain condition. Most of the existing approaches analyze this kind of data by assuming the truncated variable is quasi-independent of the interested event time. However, in many situations, the quasi-independence assumption may be not suitable. In this article, the authors consider the copulas to relax the quasi-independence assumption. Additionally, the survival function of the interested event time is estimated by a copula-graphic approach. Then, the authors propose two estimation procedures for the proportional hazard (PH) model and the proportional odds (PO) model, which can be applied to the right-truncated data, and the left-truncated and right-censoring data. Subsequently, the performance of the proposed estimation approaches is assessed via simulation studies. Finally, the proposed methodologies are applied to analyze two real datasets (the retirement center dataset and the transfusion-related AIDS dataset).
Three Decades of Fuzzy AHP: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Castelló-Sirvent Fernando , Meneses-Eraso Carlos , Alonso-Gómez Jaime , Peris-Ortiz Marta
Published: October 2022

For decades, Fuzzy Sets Theory (FST) has been consistently developed, and its use has spread across multiple disciplines. In this process of knowledge transfer, fuzzy applications have experienced great diffusion. Among them, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy AHP) is one of the most widely used methodologies today. This study performs a systematic review following the PRISMA statement and addresses a bibliometric analysis of all articles published on fuzzy AHP in journals indexed in Web of Science, specifically in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). The analyzed database includes 2086 articles published between 1994 and 2022. The results show the thematic clusters, the evolution of the academic conversation and the main collaboration networks. The main contribution of this article is to clarify the research agenda on fuzzy AHP. The results of the study allow academics to detect publication opportunities. In addition, the evidence found allows researchers and academics setting the field’s agenda to advise the editors of high-impact journals on gaps and new research trends.
Soft Regular Generalized ω-Closed Sets and Soft ω-T1/2 Spaces
Authors: Al Ghour Samer
Published: October 2022

Soft rgω-closed sets are introduced as a new class of soft sets that strictly contain the classes of soft rg-closed sets and soft gω-closed sets. Furthermore, the behavior of soft rgω-closed sets with respect to soft unions, soft intersections, and soft subspaces, as well as induced soft topologies are investigated. Moreover, soft ω-T1/2 spaces which is a weaker form soft T1/2 spaces is defined and investigated. In addition to these, the characterizations of soft rg-T1/2 spaces and soft rgω-T1/2 spaces are discussed. The work also looks at the relationship between our novel notions in soft topological spaces and their analogs in topological spaces.
Piecewise Fractional Jacobi Polynomial Approximations for Volterra Integro-Differential Equations with Weakly Singular Kernels
Authors: Li Haiyang , Ma Junjie
Published: October 2022

This paper is concerned with numerical solutions to Volterra integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. Making use of the transformed fractional Jacobi polynomials, we develop a class of piecewise fractional Galerkin methods for solving this kind of Volterra equation. Then, we study the existence, uniqueness and convergence properties of Galerkin solutions by exploiting the decaying rate of the coefficients of the transformed fractional Jacobi series. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the performance of the piecewise Galerkin solution.
A Discrete Linear-Exponential Model: Synthesis and Analysis with Inference to Model Extreme Count Data
Authors: El-Morshedy Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

In this article, a novel probability discrete model is introduced for modeling overdispersed count data. Some relevant statistical and reliability properties including the probability mass function, hazard rate and its reversed function, moments, index of dispersion, mean active life, mean inactive life, and order statistics, are derived in-detail. These statistical properties are expressed in closed forms. The new model can be used to discuss right-skewed data with heavy tails. Moreover, its hazard rate function can be utilized to model the phenomena with a monotonically increasing failure rate shape. Different estimation approaches are listed to get the best estimator for modeling and reading the count data. A comprehensive comparison among techniques is performed in the case of simulated data. Finally, four real data sets are analyzed to prove the ability and notability of the new discrete model.
Resolution of an Isolated Case of a Quadratic Hypergeometric 2F1 Transformation
Authors: Atia Mohamed Jalel
Published: October 2022

The identity 2F1(α,β;2α;z)=(1−z2)−β2F1(β2,β+12;α+12;(z2−z)2) given, either by I.S. Gradshteyn and I.M. Ryzhik in Table of integrals series and products named 9.134 or in the handbook “mathematical functions with formulas, graphs and mathematical tables” done by Abramowitz-Stegun named 15.3.20 or in the book “special functions” done by G. Andrews, R. Askey and R. Roy named 3.1.7 page 127 with a slight modification is true provided that {2α+1, α+32} are not natural numbers and α−β is not an integer (see Gradshteyn, Ryzhik, 9.130). In this manuscript we consider a case where α−β is an integer by taking β=2a, α=−n+1. We give and prove the right identity for any positive integer a and for any any positive integer n.
A Crank–Nicolson Compact Difference Method for Time-Fractional Damped Plate Vibration Equations
Authors: Wu Cailian , Wei Congcong , Yin Zhe , Zhu Ailing
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the Crank–Nicolson compact difference method for the time-fractional damped plate vibration problems. For the time-fractional damped plate vibration equations, we introduce the second-order space derivative and the first-order time derivative to convert fourth-order differential equations into second-order differential equation systems. We discretize the space derivative via compact difference and approximate the time-integer-order derivative and fraction-order derivative via central difference and L1 interpolation, respectively, to obtain the compact difference formats with fourth-order space precision and 3−α(1<α<2)-order time precision. We apply the energy method to analyze the stability and convergence of this difference format. We provide numerical cases, which not only validate the convergence order and feasibility of the given difference format, but also simulate the influence of the damping coefficient on the amplitude of plate vibration.
Infectivity of Viable but Non-Cultivable Cells of Pigmented and Nonpigmented Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii Strains Demonstrate the Need to Establish Indexing Protocols for Cashew Propagules
Authors: Lucena Lucas Pontes , Albuquerque Géssyka Rodrigues , Souza Elineide Barbosa , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria , Carvalho Rodrigo Dias Oliveira , Aburjaile Flávia Figueira , Gama Marco Aurélio Siqueira
Published: October 2022

Angular leaf spot of cashew tree in Brazil has been attributed to pigmented and nonpigmented strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii. Due to the possibility of dissemination of the disease by propagating material, it is necessary to understand the survival mechanisms of the causal agent. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the behavior of viable but non-cultivable cells (VBNC) in two pigmented strains (CCRMTAQ13 and CCRMTAQ18) and one nonpigmented strain (IBSBF2579) of X. citri pv. anacardii, integrating in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Thirteen genes associated with the VBNC phase were identified in the genomes of these strains. The log phase was observed at 24, 48, and 120 h for CCRMTAQ13, CCRMTAQ18, and IBSBF2579 strains, respectively. The death phase was observed at 96 h for both pigmented strains and 168 h for the nonpigmented strain. Using qPCR analyses, it was possible to characterize the occurrence of VBNC for the three strains. When inoculated, the strains showed 100% incidence during the VBNC phase, with the IBSBF2579 strain having the longest incubation period (IP). The strains did not differ concerning final severity (FS) in the VBNC phase. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of the VBNC mechanism in X. citri pv. anacardii strains. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that X. citri pv. anacardii in the VBNC state is potentially infective when they meet their host’s apoplast, which points to the need to use integrated practices to detect this bacterium in cashew seedlings.
Preparing Co/N-Doped Carbon as Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction via the Ancient “Pharaoh’s Snakes” Reaction
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhou Mengxin , Wang Xinyao , Wang Hong , Yin Zhen , Tan Xiaoyao , Li Yuan
Published: October 2022

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance for clean energy storage and conversion techniques such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries (MABs). However, the ORR is kinetically sluggish, and expensive noble metal catalysts are required. The high price and limited preservation of noble metal catalysts has largely hindered the wide application of clean power sources such as fuel cells and MABs. Therefore, it is important to prepare non-expensive metal catalysts (NPMC) to cut the price of the fuel cells and MABs for wide application. Here, we report the preparation of a Co3O4 carried on the N-doped carbon (Co/N-C) as the ORR NPMC with a facile Pharaoh’s Snakes reaction. The gas generated during the reaction is able to fabricate the porous structure of the resultant carbon doped with heteroatoms such as Co and N. The catalyst provides a high electrocatalytic activity towards ORR via the 4-e pathway with an onset and half-wave potential of 0.98 and 0.79 V (vs. RHE), respectively, in an electrolyte of 0.1 M KOH. The onset and half-wave potentials are close to those of the commercial Pt/C. This work demonstrates the promising potential of an ancient technology for preparing NPMCs toward the ORR.
Improvement of Cycle Stability for Graphite-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries via Usage of Phenyl Methanesulfonate as an Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Mosallanejad Behrooz , Javanbakht Mehran , Shariatinia Zahra , Akrami Mohammad
Published: October 2022

In this work, phenyl methanesulfonate (PMS) is evaluated as an additive to enhance the cyclic stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on a graphite electrode. According to the theoretical results obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, PMS possesses a lower reduction potential compared to the cyclic carbonate electrolyte solvent. Hence, this compound is foreseen to be reduced before ethylene carbonate (EC) and form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the graphite electrode. The cyclic stability of Li/graphite battery is promoted considerably by adding a low dose of PMS to the electrolyte. The capacity retention of the Li/graphite half-cell is incredibly improved to about 100% after 35 cycles at room temperature. The results acquired from the electrochemical and surface characterization tests corroborate that an electrolyte with PMS is capable of forming a thinner SEI layer compared to the electrolyte devoid of an additive, which can dramatically lessen the interfacial resistance. Moreover, the results show that the graphite sheets are disguised under a myriad of PMS reductive deposits, which can neutralize the catalytic activity of prismatic surfaces.
State-of-Health Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on CNN-BiLSTM-AM
Authors: Tian Yukai , Wen Jie , Yang Yanru , Shi Yuanhao , Zeng Jianchao
Published: October 2022

State-of-Health (SOH) prediction of lithium-ion batteries is crucial in battery management systems. In order to guarantee the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries, a hybrid model based on convolutional neural network (CNN)-bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and attention mechanism (AM) is developed to predict the SOH of lithium-ion batteries. By analyzing the charging and discharging process of batteries, the indirect health indicator (HI), which is highly correlated with capacity, is extracted in this paper. HI is taken as the input of CNN, and the convolution and pooling operations of CNN layers are used to extract the features of battery time series data. On this basis, a BiLSTM depth model is built in this paper to collect the data coming from CNN forward and reverse dependencies and further emphasize the correlation between the serial data by AM to obtain an accurate SOH estimate. Experimental results based on NASA PCoE lithium-ion battery data demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms other single models, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of SOH prediction results all less than 0.01, and can accurately predict the SOH of lithium-ion batteries.
Covalently Bonded Ball-Milled Silicon/CNT Nanocomposite as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Koraag Pierre Yosia Edward , Firdaus Arief Muhammad , Hawari Naufal Hanif , Refino Andam Deatama , Dempwolf Wibke , Iskandar Ferry , Peiner Erwin , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Sumboja Afriyanti
Published: October 2022

The demand for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is ever-increasing. Thus, research has been focused on developing silicon-based anodes due to their high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. However, silicon-based anodes still suffer from several drawbacks (e.g., a huge volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation and the low conductivity nature of silicon). In this study, we develop a facile and low-cost synthesis route to create a composite of silicon particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple two-step mechanical ball milling with a silicon wafer as the silicon precursor. This method produces a strong interaction between silicon particles and the CNTs, forming Si–C bonds with minimum oxidation of silicon and pulverization of the CNTs. The resulting Si/CNT anode exhibits a first cycle Coulombic efficiency of 98.06%. It retains 71.28% of its first cycle capacity of 2470 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles of charge–discharge at a current density of 400 mA g−1. Furthermore, the Si/CNT anode also shows a good rate capability by retaining 80.15%, and 94.56% of its first cycle capacity at a current density of 1000 mA g−1 and when the current density is reduced back to 200 mA g−1, respectively.