bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening and hemolytique activity of some leaves extracts of Lantana camara L.
Authors: Talhi Fahima , Gherraf Noureddine , Zellagui Amar , Boumaza Awatif , Meghlaoui Amira
Published: November 2021

Medicinal plants have several therapeutic properties; they have been used for a long time to treat different diseases. Lantana camara L. has been widely used by man for healing these diseases. In this study, four leaves extracts of L. camara were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to determine the presence and/or the absence of phytochemical constituents; In addition, they were tested for hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes. This activity is performed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method at 520 nm and at five different concentrations (125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, and 1000 µg/ml). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of various phytochemical groups such as phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds and the absence of alkaloids in the four extracts. These same extracts showed average hemolytic activity sequentially: chloroformic extract, petroleum ether extract, aqueous extract and then methanolic extract. This activity is dependent on the concentration of the extract.
New drugs in psychiatry - cariprazine, lurasidone, esketamine
Authors: Pożarowska Kinga , Rusinek Adam , Rudziński Gracjan , Soroka Ewelina , Masiak Jolanta
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Invariably, the search for an “ideal drug” in psychiatry has been going for years, one that is safe and effective, prevents relapse and shows the least possible side effects.

Material and methods: The aim of this study authors is to draw attention to new drugs used in psychiatry- cariprazine, lurazidone and esketamine, their mechanism of action, dosage, the most common side effects and metabolism.

The article reviews the research and works on these drugs available in Google Scholar and PubMed databases and the characteristics of medical products on years 2010-2021.

Results: Cariprazine is a drug registered in Poland for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults since July,13 2017. In the world, it is additionally used in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes in the course of bipolar disorder, depression in the course of bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Lurasidone in Poland is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients and adolescents from 13 years of age. In the world it is also used to treat depression in bipolar disorder, in some cases off-label in the treatment of mania in bipolar disorder and irritability and anger in autism spectrum disorders. Esketamine in nasal spray in combination with an oral antidepressant has been approved in the US for the treatment of depression in adults for whom other antidepressants have not benefited, in Poland, it is also used in such an indication.

Conclusions: The action profile of these drugs, the research to date and the results of treatment with these drugs are very promising. The drugs are safe and well tolerated. However, it is clinical practice that will verify the usefulness and effectiveness of treatment with them and show the effects of long-term therapies with their use.
Diagnostic performance of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining at different number of positive cells in cervical smears in women referred for colposcopy
Authors: Gajsek Ursula Salobir , Dovnik Andraz , Takac Iztok , Ivanus Urska , Jerman Tine , Zatler Simona Sramek , Fokter Alenka Repse
Published: November 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining (p16/ Ki-67 DS) in cervical cytology and the number of positive p16/Ki-67 cells to diagnose high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in colposcopy population.

Subjects and methods

We performed an analysis on a subset cohort of 174 women enrolled within a large-scale randomised controlled human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling project organised as part of the population-based Cervical Cancer Screening Programme ZORA in Slovenia. This subset cohort of patients was invited to the colposcopy clinic, underwent p16/Ki-67 DS cervical cytology and had the number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells determined.

Results

Among analysed women, 42/174 (24.1%) had histologically confirmed CIN2+. The risk for CIN2+ was increasing with the number of positive cells (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 DS for detection of CIN2+ was 88.1%, specificity was 65.2%, positive predictive value was 44.6% and negative predictive value was 94.5%.

Conclusions

Dual p16/Ki-67 immunostaining for the detection of CIN2+ has shown high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in our study, which is comparable to available published data. The number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells was significantly associated with the probability of CIN2+ detection. We observed a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in specificity if the cut-off for a positive test was shifted from one cell to three cells.
Inheritance of the wood properties of the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc.) from the open-pollinated families selected as resistance to the pine wood nematode
Authors: Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Endo Ryota , Kobayashi Saki , Ngadianto Agus , Narusawa Daigo , Takahashi Yusuke , Tanabe Jun , Iki Taiichi , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: November 2021

Pine wilt disease is one of the most serious tree diseases occurring worldwide. Clones of Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc with pine wood nematode resistance were selected. In addition to resistance, wood quality is also an important criterion in the breeding program of P. densiflora because of its use as construction lumber. However, little information is available on the wood qualities of the progenies of resistant clones. The repeatabilities of the wood properties were investigated for 11 open-pollinated families of P. densiflora selected for their pine wood nematode resistance. Oven-dry density, latewood tracheid length, the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S2 layer in latewood tracheids, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured in the third or fourth annual ring from the pith. No significant correlations were found between the wood properties and the stem diameter or tree height. However, significant correlations were found between oven-dry density and MOE or MOR, which suggests that oven-dry density is a good indicator for selecting wood with higher bending properties. Among the measured wood properties, oven-dry density had the highest repeatability (R=0.47), followed by MOR (R=0.33), tracheid length (R=0.21), and MFA (R=0.14). MOE had the lowest value (R=0.01). The 11 families examined were classified into three groups according to their growth characteristics, wood properties, and resistance to pine wilt disease. On the basis of the results, we conclude that genetic improvement of wood properties especially for wood density and MOR is possible for the resistant P. densiflora.
Fighting for What Matters: Care, Supporting People and Preserving a Form of Life in Baton Twirling Clubs
Authors: Malatesta Dominique , Jaccoud Christophe
Published: November 2021

In this article, we look at twirling baton clubs characterized by a specific sociality which is part of a life form. This was threatened by the demands of sportivisation from the sport institution. The protests expressed by the clubs show the attachment to a logic of care with the aim of protecting the vulnerabilities and the singular identities of the athletes who are mostly young girls.
The Contraction of European Economic Distances through Sustainable Tourism in the Pre-Pandemic Period
Authors: Haller Alina-Petronela
Published: November 2021

The current importance of tourism leads us to analyze the extent to which the receipts from international tourism, and tourism in general, influence the capacity of European countries to reduce the development gaps of this sector in the European context and the extent to which the economic growth is sensitive to changes in tourist arrivals, tourism receipts and expenditures. Studying the GDP per capita and the receipts from international tourism for the period 1995-2017, we find that the European tourism has an important role in economy but secondary to capital stock and exports. The methodology used is a sensitivity analysis and a multiple linear regression with two models.

The results show that, on short term, the gap in the European tourism sector is explained by the ability to attract income from the international tourism. The European growth of the tourism sector depends to a large extent on the amount of expenditures that tourists are making, on tourism receipts and, to a lesser extent, on tourist arrivals, but in all cases, the connection is a direct and positive one but, even so, the capital stock and the exports continue to play a very important role for the European economy. The analysis suggests that tourism is not a panacea for growth. On the contrary, it is one of the activities that stimulate growth along with investments, technology, or any other form of capital, together with exports and labor market conditions.
Platform Work as an Important New Form of Labour in Croatia
Authors: Bejaković Predrag , Håkansson Peter Gladoić
Published: November 2021

Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers’ and employees’ organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.
Perbandingan Morfologi Nisan Arca pada Kompleks Makam Islam di Wilayah Etnik Makassar
Authors: Purnamasari Nurul Adliyah , Makmur Makmur
Published: November 2021

Nisan arca merupakan tipe nisan yang memiliki bentuk menyerupai manusia. Nisan arca adalah bentuk kontinuitas dari sebuah produk budaya yang dikenal dengan sebutan arca megalitik, yang bertransformasi menjadi nisan arca pada masa peradaban Islam di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini sendiri dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk menelusuri nisan arca pada wilayah Etnik Makassar yang ditemukan pada delapan kompleks makam Islam yang tersebar di Kabupaten Bantaeng, Jeneponto dan Maros. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode desk study yaitu penelusuran data awal terkait nisan arca di wilayah Etnik Makassar, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengumpulan data lapangan. Setelah seluruh data terkumpul dilakukan proses analisis. Tahapan analisis dilakukan dengan proses klasifikasi data terhadap seluruh nisan arca untuk menentukan morfologi masing-masing. Sehingga diperoleh informasi bahwa nisan arca di wilayah Etnik Makassar terdiri atas beberapa variasi bentuk yang berbeda. Variasi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu perbedaan kondisi etnografi, lingkungan dan sistem pengetahuan masyarakat setempat, serta periode pembuatan nisan arca itu sendiri. 
 
Statue tombstones are a type of tombstones that resemble human beings. Statue tombstones are a form of the continuity of cultural products known as megalithic statues, which were transformed into statue tombstones during the Islamic era in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted to investigate the statue tombstones found in eight Islamic tomb complexes in Makassar Ethnic Areas in Bantaeng Regency, Jeneponto Regency, and Maros Regency. The desk study method was used to explore preliminary data related to the statue tombstones found in Makassar Ethnic Areas. Then, field data collection was carried out. The analysis process was carried out after all the required data had been collected. The analysis was carried out by classifying the data on the statue tombstones to determine their morphological features. Results of the analysis show that the statue tombstones have varied forms. The variety was influenced by several factors, namely the ethnographic conditions, environments and knowledge systems of the local communities, and the periods in which the statue tombstones were made.
Kronologi dan Variabilitas Temuan Situs-Situs Kubur Batu di Pulau Sangihe Bagian Selatan
Authors: Sriwigati Sriwigati , Intan Muh. Fadhlan Syuaib Intan , Azis Nasrullah , Riko Henki , Qalam Aisyah Arung Qalam , Kurata Erna Sari
Published: November 2021

Kubur batu merupakan tinggalan megalitik yang sangat menonjol di Pulau Sangihe bagian selatan, sampai saat ini tercatat di 45 lokasi situs, 2 lokasi sumber bahan, dan jumlah kubur batu 699. Variabilitas temuan lainnya yang konteks dengan kubur batu, ditemukan pada saat survei yakni fragmen tembikar, keramik dan logam. Tulisan ini akan mengetengahkan tentang analisis laboratoris temuan tembikar, keramik dan logam tersebut. Kajian data berdasarkan penelitian survei dan ekskavasi dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis laboratoris melalui uji XRF dan sayatan tipis untuk temuan fragmen tembikar dan logam. Tembikar yang ditemukan berupa tembikar polos dengan bentuk wadah berupa periuk dan mangkuk. Berdasarkan analisis laboratorium dapat diketahui tembikar dari Pulau Sangihe kemungkinan merupakan tembikar produksi lokal.Analisis keramik diketahui berasal dari Cina, Cina Selatan, Eropa, dan Jepang. Kronologi keramik hasil penelitian dari abad ke 15–19 Masehi.
 
Stone graves are prominent megalithic remains in the southern part of Sangihe Island. They are distributed in 45 site locations and 2 material source locations. The number of the stone graves is 699. Pottery, ceramic and metal fragments in the same context as the stone graves were found during the survey. This article will report the results of a laboratory analysis of the pottery, ceramic and metal findings. The data collected during the survey and excavation underwent a laboratory analysis. The pottery and metal fragments were tested by using the XRF technique and the thin section method. The pottery fragments found are plain pots and bowls. Based on the laboratory analysis, it is supposed that the pottery found in Sangihe Islands was locally produced. The analysis indicates that the ceramic fragments originated in China, South China, Europe and Japan. Chronologically, the ceramic fragments originated in the 15th-19th centuries.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EARLY TRACES OF PEPPER TRADING IN BANTEN AREA, WEST JAVA
Authors: Fadillah Moh. Ali
Published: November 2021

Berbagai sumber sejarah menyebutkan bahwa Banten merupakan salah satu pelabuhan lada untuk pasar Asia dan Eropa pada abad ke-17. Namun pecahan keramik dari periode Tang dan Song-Yuan hasil penggalian di situs Banten Girang membuktikan bahwa aktivitas perdagangan telah dimulai sejak abad X. Permasalahannya, sejarah awal perkebunan lada belum diketahui dengan jelas, oleh karen itu diperlukan suatu kajian untuk mengetahui tentang perdagangan lada pra-Islam di Banten. Kami melakukan survei di pedalaman Banten yang diduga sebagai lahan perkebunan di masa lalu. Pengamatan lapangan telah menemukan kembali jejak lada yang terhubung ke pelabuhan di pantai utara dan barat. Berdasarkan keterkaitannya dengan peninggalan pra-Islam, lada diduga telah dibudidayakan sejak Milenium pertama Masehi seiring dengan masuknya pedagang India dan China melalui Selat Sunda. Hasil analisis kontekstual terhadap jejak arkeologi dan etnografi, telah memberi gagasan bahwa perdagangan lada telah menjadi penggerak utama perekonomian yang dikendalikan oleh kekuasaan politik pesisir utara Jawa yang mungkin telah dimulai pada masa Tarumanagara dan berkembang pada masa kerajaan Sunda-Banten.
 
Various historical sources state that Banten was one of the pepper ports for the Asian and European markets in the 17th century. Ceramic shards from the Tang and Song-Yuan periods at the Banten Girang site prove that trading activities have started since the 10th century. The problem is, the early history of pepper plantations is unknown, therefore a study is needed to gain knowledge about the pre-Islamic pepper trade in Banten. We conducted a survey in the interior of Banten suspected as plantation land in the past. Field observations have rediscovered traces of pepper connected to ports on the north and west coasts. Based on its association with pre-Islamic remains, pepper was supposed to have been cultivated since the first millennium AD along with the arrival of Indian traders through the Sunda Strait. The results of the contextual analysis on archaeological and ethnographic traces, propose the idea that the pepper trade has become the main driver of the economy controlled by the north coast polities of Java which may have started during the Tarumanagara period and developed during the Sundanese kingdom of Banten.
Некоторые тенденции международно-правового регулирования воздушного транспорта
Authors: Грязнов В. С.
Published: November 2021

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Международно-правовые аспекты использования космических навигационных систем последнего поколения
Authors: Куропятников А. Д.
Published: November 2021

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Ядерный протокол к европейской Энергетической хартии
Authors: Хорбах Натали Л.
Published: November 2021

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Проблемы экстерриториального действия национального закона
Authors: Усенко Е. Т.
Published: November 2021

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К вопросу о геополитическом и международно-правовом положении Крыма
Authors: Похлебкин В. В.
Published: November 2021

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Пределы применения иностранных законов в целях правосудия по международным спорам
Authors: Монастырский Ю. Э.
Published: November 2021

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Россия и Европейская конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод
Authors: Карташкин В. А.
Published: November 2021

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Меры доверия в военной области. Понятие, сущность и содержание
Authors: Шепельский А. В.
Published: November 2021

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Теоретические проблемы международного права (Черниченко С.В. Международное право: современные теоретические проблемы)
Authors: Тиунов О. И.
Published: November 2021

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Две книги одного профессора
Authors: Тимершин Х. А.
Published: November 2021

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Факультативный протокол к Международному пакту об экономических, социальных и культурных правах
Authors: Кузнецов В. И.
Published: November 2021

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Вызов, брошенный 26-й конференцией Красного Креста и Красного Полумесяца
Authors: Гессер Ганс Петер
Published: November 2021

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Черноморские проливы: арена сотрудничества или конфронтации?
Authors: Котляр В. С.
Published: November 2021

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ИМО и проблемы прохода по архипелажным водам
Authors: Джонсон Курт
Published: November 2021

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Морскими живыми ресурсами можно управлять
Authors: Зиланов В. К.
Published: November 2021

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Правовые аспекты абхазской проблемы в свете исторического опыта
Authors: Похлебкин В. В.
Published: November 2021

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Президентская республика: о чем говорит латиноамериканский опыт (Орлов А.Г. «Президентские республики в Латинской Америке»)
Authors: Окунева Л. С.
Published: November 2021

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Международному Суду ООН - пятьдесят лет
Authors: Тузмухамедов Р. А.
Published: November 2021

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Некоторые особенности трех основных этапов экономической реформы в России 1985-1993 годов и их международно-правовые аспекты
Authors: Громыко-Пирадов А. А.
Published: November 2021

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Language education: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Kazakov G.
Published: November 2021

Although knowledge of foreign languages is now becoming increasingly necessary, language education in most parts of the world (with few exceptions) seems to be rather inefficient. This paper attempts to define the most common problems of general language instruction and their possible solutions. In the first part, linguistic, psychological, methodological and external factors affecting the learning process are singled out. In the second part, it is discussed how these problems could be solved and some practical measures are proposed.
Polyglots’ multisensory language learning behaviour and its application in teaching languages
Authors: Nikulicheva D.
Published: November 2021

The article describes the study of Hebrew by Alexander Arguelles, one of the outstanding polyglots of our time. The monitoring results demonstrate that the polyglot himself is not always aware of his effective strategies of learning the language. For example, the active use of sensory-motor input of new language information was identified as one of the unconscious language acquisition strategies.
Developing oral speech skills according to the Polyglot Gathering 2018 data
Authors: Makarov A.
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the main approaches to mastering the skills of oral speech as presented in the talks of the Polyglot Gathering 2018 in Bratislava. The purpose of the study was to analyze polyglots’ practical observations on the subject available in the video recordings of their presentations at the Gathering. It is demonstrated that many polyglots emphasize the importance of spoken skills and suggest the principles of natural acquisition, positive emotions and consistency as study guidelines.
Learning Japanese: observations from a lifelong experience
Authors: Kitabayashi H.
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the author’s first encounter with the Japanese language at the age of 23 and documents his continuing response to it up to the present time. At first, the language learning methodology he had used before failed and proved to be inappropriate for learning Japanese. Then came the realization that learning a foreign language needs some previous knowledge to build on. The search for the most efficient way to master Japanese brought the author to receptive multilingualism, which by chance opens up new vistas for the aspiring learner to improve listening skills. The physicality of speech and the consequent importance of some form of outside stimulation for its development are discussed. Mention is made of how he came upon the idea of adapting childhood techniques in learning how to read to the acquisition of reading competence in the Japanese language. In connection with this, the author makes another digression on the relationship he perceives as existing between active and passive language skills, and from this proceeds with the mention of how this might be applicable to his progress to date in learning Japanese and why, for better or worse, this would not normally apply to classroom acquisition of Japanese either inside or outside of Japan today
Russian language education in Germany
Authors: Leonteva V.
Published: November 2021

Russian is one of the languages which are learnt in Germany at any educational level. Though today it has lost its positions in the rate of foreign languages chosen by the Germans, there are many interesting projects and initiatives supporting and maintaining the status of the Russian language in Germany. In this paper, I am going to give an overview of the history of cultural relations between Russia and Germany, try to explain the reasons of the current situation and describe the perspectives of the Russian language in today’s Germany. By way of examples, I will discuss such events and projects as “To4ka-Treff”, “RussoMobil” and the activities of the Russian culture centers in Germany, as well as programs in Russian as a foreign language at schools and universities in Germany.
Connecting Smallholding Farmers: Analysis of Agricultural Market Information Systems (The Case of Wondogenet Wereda, SNNPR, Ethiopia)
Authors: Kayamo Mitiku Kebede , Tebeka Shiferaw Mitiku
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to identify the major challenges that affect the market information system, assess the possible mechanism that would increase their speculative and bargaining capacity power and to explore feasible information system solutions. Data were collected with structured questionnaire from104 farmers of different market using clustered sampling techniques. Descriptive research design and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) research approach vis-à-vis value chain approach is applied and developed an intermediary driven value chain model that links farmers to the market as a way to improve the unidirectional, selectively beneficiary traditional system. Using nine criteria on the multitude of alternative information delivery mechanisms for small holding farmers, Interactive Voice Response based system is found to be of highly effective. Restructuring the market information by bringing the most important wholesalers in to the system, enhancing the functionalities of the market by creating localized price data and creating demand forecasting platform by distinguishing crops that continuously face marketing problems are suggested as short-term action while, increasing economies of scale in production and distribution by consolidating farmers’ cooperatives, encouraging the development of third-party logistics, investing on the physical agro-logistics infrastructure to support long-distance, high-volume agricultural product transportation modes as well as increasing the refrigerated storage capacity at wholesale markets to nurture cold chain technologies are very crucial tasks in the long run.
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Vicia L. (Fabaceae) Taxa Growing in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
Authors: Kaplan Alevcan , Ertekin Alaattin Selçuk , Gündüzler Esra
Published: November 2021

Leguminosae or Fabaceae is the third-largest flowering plant family and is important in terms of both food production and soil fertility. Wild Vicia species and the genetic diversity of the Southeastern Anatolia Region provide an invaluable resource for the improvement of cultivated temperate feed and legume crops. The rapid progress of technology in recent years has nowmade it possible to use modern techniques in phylogenetic studies and to examine plants in a greater detail using biochemical, cytological and molecular methods to supplement purely systematic studies. The use of molecular phylogenetic analysis is the most attractive alternative strategy for a more accurate identification of the species of the Vicia genus. In the current study, some Vicia L. taxa growing naturally in the Southeastern Anatolia Region were investigated using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced in order to study the phylogenetic relationships of Vicia L. taxa. Lathyrus inconspicuous L. and Lathyrus cassius Boiss. were used as an outgroup. The ITS area was determined to be approximately 479- 672 bp. The ITS sequences were submitted to the NCBI database and accession numbers obtained. The resulting tree clearly groups and separates the sect. Narbonensis, Ervilia, Peregrinae, Lathyroides, Vicia and Cracca species but was less able to distinguish species from sect. Hypechusa and Lentopsis. The data acquired were observed to be reliable in terms of solving the taxonomical problems of the Vicia L. taxa. The morphological distinctions are greatly supported by DNA sequence studies. The species-specific markers developed in this study are useful for early detection of targeted Vicia taxa and can act as a guide to the basic data required for the evolution of systematic breeding and conservation strategies, as well as for germplasm resources.
A Study on Some Biological Parameters of Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) in Ulugöl, Samsun, Turkey
Authors: Uzun Gören Gülşen , Karayücel Sedat , Karayücel İsmihan
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to investigate some morphometric traits, length-weight relationship, meat yield, fecundity and some biochemical compositions of Astacus leptodactylus, in one of the Bafra Fish Lakes named Ulugöl, Samsun, Turkey. A total of 378 A. leptodactylus (198 female and 180 male) were examined. The average carapace length was 50.96±0.46 mm for females, 51.31±0.66 mm for males and 51.13±0.40 mm for all sampled crayfish. Abdomen length was 52.36±0.49 mm for females, 49.26±0.62 mm for males and 50.87±0.40 mm for all sampled crayfish. Live weight was between 14.38 g and 105.03 g with an average of 38.26±0.73 g. The average weight of females was less than that of males. There was a strong relationship between length and weight. The weight of crayfish with pleopodal eggs ranged from 28.24 g, to 59.50 g with an average of 41.73±1.09g. The average number of eggs per individuals was 192.90±9.94 with an average number of 4.62±0.21 per unit of live weight. The average total egg weight was 3.35±0.19 g while the average egg diameter was 2.17±0.03 mm. Abdomen meat was lower for males comparing with females. Average moisture, crude ash, crude oil and crude protein of abdomen meat were 81.27%, 1.47%, 0.81% and 16.45%, respectively.
In Praise of the Phytogenic Medicinal Plant Syzygium Aromaticum: A Review
Authors: Bhakta Sonali , Kumar Das Shonkor
Published: November 2021

Syzygium aromaticum commonly known as Clove is considered to be the most precious spice among others, which has been continued to be utilized for centuries for different biological and therapeutic purposes. It is a tropical tree which belongs to the Myrtaceae family and natively originated from Indonesia. However, in current times it is found in a few other places of the world including Brazil. Clove is viewed as perhaps the most extravagant source of phenolic mixes, for example, eugenol, eugenol acetic acid derivatives and so on. These mixtures have incredible potential for restorative, organic and other rural applications. In this review we have tried to figure out some of the important medicinal or therapeutic as well as phytobiotic and agricultural utilizations of the products prepared from Clove. We have tried to give an extra emphasis on the application of clove as a product of herbal contraception however for this purpose dose of the extract (either aqueous or ethanolic) of clove plays the vital role in this case. Although for establishing or making clove products commercially available as a safe product for herbal contraception or other medicinal impacts, more studies are required, and it could open a new era in the field of herbal medicine that would be much safer and feasible.
Physico-chemical Properties, Mineral Matter, Organic Acid, Amino Acid, and Plant Hormones Content of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) Grown in Turkey
Authors: Talay Rabia , Erdoğan Ümmügülsüm , Turan Metin
Published: November 2021

With high nutritional value, goji berry is an important fruit for human nutrition and health. Goji berry cultivation is done widely in many countries, farming has become widespread in recent years in Turkey. In study grown goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) in Turkey are determined the physical and chemical characteristics of fruit (pH, titration acidity, dry matter content, ash content, water activity (aw) value, protein content, HMF content, total phenolic content, total sugar content, reducing sugar content, sucrose content, colour values, mineral contents, organic acid contents, amino acid contents and some plant hormone content). Goji berry fruits have pH value 5.18, titration acidity value 2.16%, dry matter content 89.40%, ash content 4.30%, water activity (aw) value 0.35, protein content 13.18%, HMF content 9.38 mg/kg, total phenolic content 9.05 mg GAE/g, total sugar content 59.26%, decreasing sugar content 57.35%, sucrose content 1.90%, L* value 40.33, a* value 22.97, b* value 33.00, C* value 40.21, H° value 55.15. In addition, the mineral content, organic acid content, amino acid content and some plant hormones of goji berry fruits were determined by analysis.
In-vitro antioxidant and oxidant properties of Centaurea rigida
Authors: Kına Eylem , Uysal İmran , Mohammed Falah Saleh , Doğan Muhittin , Sevindik Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Many different natural materials are used in complementary medicine. Among natural products, herbal materials are used quite a lot. Centaurea rigida Willd. was used as material in this study. The antioxidant and oxidant potential of the plant was determined. The aerial parts of the plant sample were extracted with ethanol in a soxhlet device. Antioxidant and oxidant potentials were measured with Rel Assay kits. As a result of the studies, the total antioxidant value of the plant was determined as 3.522±0.166, the total oxidant value as 15.424±0.281 and the oxidative stress index as 0.440±0.020. It was determined that the plant has antioxidant potential, but its oxidant values are high. As a result, it was determined that C. rigida could be used as a natural antioxidant source.
Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Holarrhena Floribunda and Picralima Nitida
Authors: Odoh Alida Edwige , Mariette Yéhé Désirée , Kanga Yao , Zirihi Guédé-Noël , Koné-Bamba Diénéba
Published: November 2021

Picralima nitida (Stapf) T.Durand & H.Durand and Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz are West and Central African plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family. These two plants are used in traditional Ivorian medicine to treat hypertension, urinary tract infections, diarrhea, gonorrhea, malaria and diabetes. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant activity of P. nitida fruit and H. floribunda leaf extracts of each of these two species have already been performed. In the present study, a comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of fruit (P. nitida) and leaf (H. floribunda) decoctions was carried out. The decoctions of P. nitida fruits and H. floribunda leaves were rich in secondary metabolites, especially polyphenols which have good antioxidant activity. Quantification of total phenols and flavonoids gave respective values of QP = 15235.632 ± 622 µg GAE / g dry matter and FP = 2.387 ± 0.387% for P. nitida and QH = 68597.701 ± 3171 µg GAE / g dry matter and FH = 17.581 ± 0.379% for H. floribunda. P. nitida showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 104.30 ± 3.17 μg / mL) and ferric ion Fe3 + (261.4 ± 36. 87 μmoL Eq Trolox / g extract). H. floribunda showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 41.73 ± 0.29 μg / mL) and ferric ion Fe3 + (365 ± 20.36 μmol Eq Trolox / g ExS).
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN DAN BEBAN USAHA TERHADAP LABA PADA DEPO AIR MINUM DI SURABAYA
Authors: Satiya Ningtyas Della Putri , Saputri Ela Diana , Supriadi Iman
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini mempunyai maksud untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan dan beban usaha pada laba di salah satu depo air minum yang berada di Surabaya. Metode penelitiannya yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi. Mengenai Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan studi dokumen. Data berupa laporan keuangan depo air minum pada setiap bulan. Populasi yang diambil adalah laporan keuangan Depo Air Minum di Surabaya bulan Oktober 2020-April 2021. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel yang dipakai adalah penerapan purposive sampling. Denganpenelitian ini, data dikerjakandengan perhitungan statistik regresi linier berganda. Lalu, dilakukan pengujian.koefisien determinasi dengan melakukan.uji t. Selanjutnya melalui tahap pengujian hipotesis, didapatkan hasil penelitian ialah pendapatan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap laba sedangkan laba tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada laba.
Meaning Loss in Translating Commissive Speech Acts in Movie Subtitles from English into Kurdish
Authors: Kamal Abdulwahab Muhammed , Muhammad Himdad A. , Beneditte Mary
Published: November 2021

The paper aims at investigating translating commissive speech acts in movie subtitle from English into Kurdish. It attempts to identify the meaning loss, in other words deletion errors and then categorize them along with the illocutionary acts. The samples of the study are taken from the subtitle of the horror movie (Pumpkinhead: Blood Feud) which has been translated into the Kurdish language. First, twenty commissive speech act are identified as having translation problems in the movie according to Searle’s category, then their illocutionary acts are specified. The English and Kurdish subtitles are compared to find out the meaning loss and deleted items, in addition to the compatibility of the illocutionary acts between them. The results of the analysis show that ‘promising’ and ‘warning’ are the most challenging illocutionary acts for translators because of the number of deletion errors found in their translation. The most common type of meaning loss in the translation of commissive speech acts are adverbs, pronouns, exclamation words, main verbs, modal verbs, nouns, and adjectives, respectively.
First Steps of an Information System on Social Economy Organizations: Qualifying the Organizations
Authors: Bouchard Marie J. , Ferraton Cyrille , Michaud Valérie
Published: November 2021

Aunque tiene una rica historia, la economía social aún no tiene una definición clara y unánimemente apoyada. Esto dificulta delimitar y seguir la evolución de la economía social con fines estadísticos. Algunas definiciones de economía social solo incorporan los componentes que no son de mercado y otras solo incorporan componentes de mercado. Este texto propone un nuevo enfoque que agrupa los componentes no comerciales y de mercado de la economía social. Se proponen cuatro criterios de calificación que permiten situar, a lo largo de cuatro continuos, el grado en que las organizaciones responden a estos criterios.
Panorama de la investigación en Economía social
Authors: Chaves Ávila Rafael , Monzón Campos José Luis
Published: November 2021

En los últimos decenios las investigaciones sobre el tema de la economía social han conocido un notable impulso. El artículo pasa revista al estado actual de la investigación en esta materia y analiza las más importantes propuestas teóricas elaboradas en el ámbito del denominado tercer sector, deteniéndose en los dos enfoques teóricos más relevantes, el de la economía social (ES) de raíz continental europea que integra a cooperativas, mutualidades, asociaciones y fundaciones y el del sector no lucrativo integrado por las organizaciones no lucrativas —non profit organizations (NPO)—, promovido por la literatura económica anglosajona. El artículo concluye afirmando que, aunque existen varias similitudes entre ambos enfoques, y un espacio común de organizaciones microeconómicas consideradas por los mismos, también se dan importantes divergencias conceptuales y metodológicas que no  hacen posible la configuración del tercer sector (TS) como un simple resultado de agregación de los grupos de entidades contempladas por ambos enfoques.
Un análisis del crédito cooperativo en España: Situación actual, expansión territorial y proyección estratégica
Authors: Palomo Zurdo Ricardo Javier , Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon
Published: November 2021

El objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar la evolución que han seguido las cooperativas de al objeto de satisfacer la cambiante demanda de productos y servicios financieros por parte de sus socios y usuarios. De un enfoque eminentemente agrícola o gremial se ha pasado a un enfoque o modelo de “banca universal”. Para ello,   el sector ha desarrollado diversas estrategias, como la cooperación mediante modelos de concentración específicos; la reestructuración y racionalización de sus procesos de gestión; y la expansión territorial. En este trabajo   se realiza una sucinta presentación de la situación del sector en la actualidad para, seguidamente, centrar el  análisis en su evolución estratégica, con especial atención a su política de expansión territorial y los elementos  que configuran los ejes actuales de su Dirección Estratégica.
La economía social en el desarrollo económico regional: Un análisis del subsector de mercado en Castilla y León
Authors: Gómez García Jesús María , Fernández Arufe Josefa Eugenia
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo analiza el subsector empresarial de la economía social en el marco de los procesos de desarrollo económico que tienen lugar a escala regional, tomando como referencia de estudio el ámbito territorial de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León. Se pretende poner de  manifiesto el papel desempeñado las empresas  de la economía social en la generación de empleo y su contribución a la dinamización económica regional, analizando diversos aspectos de su actividad económica y otros factores relevantes específicos referidos a su competitividad, su actividad innovadora y su valor añadido social. Los resultados revelan una contribución significativa de las empresas de la economía social a la creación de empleo y al crecimiento económico regio   nal tanto en el pasado como en el momento presente. Se configura, además, como un ámbito de actividad que,   por su potencial económico y por su valor añadido social, cuentan con grandes potencialidades para seguir contribuyendo de forma positiva el desarrollo económico y social en la región castellana y leonesa en el futuro.
Evolución y dinámica de la pobreza en España según el tipo de hogar
Authors: Bárcena Martín Elena , Imedio Olmedo Luis José
Published: November 2021

Aunque los investigadores sociales siempre se han interesado por la evolución y la dinámica de la pobreza, este tipo de estudios se han potenciado en los últimos años debido a la disponibilidad de fuentes estadísticas adecuadas.En este trabajo, empleando como fuente las ocho olas del PHOGUE, 1994-2001, se realiza un estudio estático       y dinámico de la pobreza en España para el periodo 1993-2000. Los resultados indican un ligero incremento de    la pobreza al inicio de los años noventa, una reducción posterior en su incidencia e intensidad y un cambio de comportamiento en el año 2000. En el aspecto dinámico se observa la existencia de una significativa movilidad   en la distribución de la renta. Se producen numerosas entradas y salidas de los individuos de la situación de pobreza, presentándose un comportamiento diferenciado según el tipo de hogar al que pertenecen.
Un problema de localización y rutas para incineradoras en Andalucía. Obtención de una solución dentro de una frontera eficiente
Authors: Caballero Fernández Rafael , González Lozano Mercedes , Molina Luque Julián , Guerrero Casas Flor Mª , Paralera Morales Concepción
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo diseñamos e implementamos un método interactivo para ayudar al decisor en su elección de una solución dentro de una frontera eficiente bastante extensa. Dicho método se presenta como una herramienta  simple y eficaz basada en procesos de filtrado y cluster de las soluciones, útil para este tipo de problemática  puesto que se basa en la comparación de un número pequeño de soluciones. Con él tratamos de resolver un problema real: la localización de incineradoras de residuos sólidos animales entre diversos lugares preestablecidos de Andalucía junto con la generación de las rutas más adecuadas para la recogida mediante vehículos de    los deshechos de los mataderos. El modelo con el que nos enfrentamos es un problema de localización y rutas multiobjetivo de tales dimensiones que resulta difícil la elección del decisor de una solución dentro del conjun   to de las eficientes.
Capital intangible y capital intelectual: Revisión, definiciones y líneas de investigación
Authors: Simó Pep , Sallán José María
Published: November 2021

Dos de los problemas más importantes de la investigación en intangibles y capital intelectual son la falta de una terminología común, y el poco desarrollo de escalas de medición de los constructos asociados  a los intangibles. El objetivo de este artículo es doble: en  primer lugar, establecer unas definiciones integradas y coherentes de     los conceptos más empleados en intangibles, como activos y pasivos intangibles, y capital intelectual; y segun   do lugar definir un  conjunto de  dimensiones para el  capital intelectual coherente desde el punto de vista teórico, y que afecte a propiedades relevantes para la gestión del capital intelectual. Después de un análisis longitudinal de la literatura sobre intangibles de las últimas tres décadas, se establece una definición de  capital  intelectual como conocimiento que crea valor, siendo por tanto un caso particular de activo intangible. Se proponen también dos dimensiones de capital intelectual, asociadas a los conceptos de conocimiento tácito y conocimiento explícito.
La decisión de divulgar intangibles a través de una estrategia de triangulación teórica
Authors: Castilla-Polo Francisca , Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores
Published: November 2021

Nos proponemos ofrecer una visión explicativa de la decisión de revelar información sobre intangibles por ser un aspecto que parece ignorarse, a pesar de su trascendencia, por la literatura en la materia. Entender por qué se revela es fundamental para conocer el alcance y las implicaciones que tal decisión supone para la empresa a la par que para sus destinatarios. Para ello acometemos el análisis de un marco teórico global capaz de explicar la decisión de divulgar por las empresas, análisis que representa una novedad en la literatura. Dicho marco quedará conformado por la combinación de las Teorías Institucional, del Stakeholder y Contingente, las cuales nos ayudarán a obtener una visión más completa y aproximada de la decisión que nos ocupa. Igualmente, nos proponemos corroborar si nuestro marco teórico puede encontrarse como enfoque subyacente de los trabajos que conforman esta línea de investigación, cuestión que validaría su uso y a la vez nuestra propuesta. Es por este motivo que hemos partido de realizar una revisión del estado del arte en el tema y de las implicaciones que, con relación a nuestra proposición teórica, representan.
Economía y democracia en la sociedad del conocimiento*
Authors: García Lizana Antonio , Moreno-Jiménez José María
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una reflexión económica sobre la orientación de la democracia en el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento. Partiendo de la interacción entre los componentes que explican el funcionamiento social, se advierte su carácter no lineal, existiendo momentos críticos en los que se cuestionan los paradigmas vigentes. Sólo conociendo tal dinámica, los seres humanos podemos gobernar de modo correcto el proceso evolutivo. Tras una revisión de las líneas fundamentales de cambio en la actualidad, se analizan, desde una óptica económica, las interrogantes sobre el modelo democrático convencional, así como las características de la sociedad del conocimiento y las posibilidades de la TIC, lo que permite deducir los parámetros básicos para definir alternativas que permitan mejorar el funcionamiento democrático, centrando la atención en el nuevo modelo de democracia cognitiva (e-cognocracia).
Diagnóstico estratégico sobre intangibles: El caso de las NEBT’s
Authors: Golzman Aarón
Published: November 2021

En una primera parte, se analizan los conceptos y características clave del colectivo de Nuevas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (NEBTs). A continuación se exponen los resultados del análisis de los activos intangibles de un colectivo de veinticinco NEBTs pertenecientes al Parque Científico de Madrid y Parque Científico de Leganés, de los sectores de la Ingeniería, Ambiental, Biotecnología, Agroalimentación y TICs.
Procesos Poisson-Gaussianos para el análisis de rendimientos en el mercado accionarial en México
Authors: Núñez Mora J. Antonio , Segundo Valdés Alejandro , De La Cruz Gallegos J. Luis
Published: November 2021

En la investigación de finanzas y economía es ampliamente reconocido que variables como los rendimientos pueden presentar comportamientos discontinuos. En este sentido, el presente artículo realiza la estimación de los rendimientos para un grupo de acciones pertenecientes a la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, utilizando para ello procesos de saltos Poisson-Gaussianos y de tipo ARCH, y empleando la aproximación de Das (1998 y 2002) para generar una función de verosimilitud que asegure una estimación robusta. Con base a la metodología planteada, se encuentra que los procesos con saltos capturan características de los datos mexicanos que no siempre son obtenidos mediante la aplicación de los modelos de difusión.