bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of metallothionein 1G (MT1G) negatively regulates ferroptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by reducing glutathione consumption.
Authors: Zhang Wu , Liu Xiuheng
Published: April 2022

Background: Ferroptosis is characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, closely associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is great significance for prognostic prediction and treatment of ccRCC to find biomarkers related to ferroptosis.Methods: We conducted several bioinformatic analyses using the transcriptom data and clinical information derived from online databases. Firstly, we identified the differentially expressed target genes in ccRCC. Then, t test and COX analysis were used to determine whether it was an independent prognostic factor combined with clinical information. String and GSEA were used to predict its function. Finally, we used ccRCC cells: 769-P and KAKI-1 in vitro to verify the regulation of target genes on cell proliferation apoptosis, iron metabolism and GSH metabolism, which wereused to judge the effect of target genes on ferroptosis. Results: The study showed that MT1G is down-regulated in ccRCC tissues compared with normal renal tissues. However, the ccRCC patients with higher expression relatively had higher malignancy and advance stages. MT1G is an independent adverse factor for prognosis of ccRCC. The protein interaction network analysis and GSEA showed that MT1G was closely related to GSH metabolism-related proteins (GSR) and lipid oxidation-related proteins (PLA2G2A). Samples with high expression of MT1G were enriched in “glutathione metabolism,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” and “proteasome,” whose function was involved in GSH metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The term associated with the occurrence and development of tumors included “P53 signaling pathway”. Furthermore, In vitro experiments showed that MT1G partially blocked ferroptosis induced by erastin and sorafenib induced ccRCC cell lines (769-P and CAKI-1). The mechanism may be that MT1G affects ferroptosis by regulating GSH consumption in ccRCC cells. Conclusion: MT1G may be a negative regulator of ferroptosis in ccRCC cells and a biomarker of poor prognosis.
Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist monotherapy and combination therapy with growth hormone on final adult height in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: Cho Ah Young , Shim Young Suk , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Jin Soon
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aimed to compare clinical parameters, including final adult height (FAH), in girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) with and without growth hormone (GH).Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data of 210 girls with precocious puberty who had reached FAH in a long-term trial of GnRHa treatment. The subjects were divided into the GnRHa treatment group (n=188), and the combined GnRHa+GH treatment group (n=22). Chronological age, bone age, height, height standard deviation score (SDS), predicted adult height (PAH), FAH, Tanner stage, and hormone levels were assessed during the treatment period. Results: At the start of treatment, PAH was 156.35 ± 6.34 cm in the GnRHa monotherapy group and 150.41 ± 5.32 cm in the GnRHa+GH group (P<0.001). At the end of treatment, PAH was 166.25 ± 5.26 cm in the GnRHa group and 164.07 ± 4.99 cm in the combined GnRHa+GH treatment group, which had increased compared to the start of treatment. The FAH in the GnRHa group and GnRHa+GH combination group were 161.07 ± 4.78 cm and 159.63 ± 3.8 6 cm, respectively, without significant difference. In addition, the height gain (FAH−PAH) was significantly higher in the GnRHa+GH group than the GnRHa group (9.22 ± 6.03 cm vs. 4.72 ± 5.01 cm, P<0.001). Conclusion: In girls with central precocious puberty, the height gain in the FAH compared to PAH at the start of treatment was significantly higher with the GnRHa+GH combination treatment.
An optimization of supplements and physical factors for growth of hemocyte cell culture from Penaeus vannamei in selective medium
Authors: Selvaraj Sivakumar , N Kalaimani
Published: April 2022

Optimization of cell culture medium was carried out with various supplements and physical factors for the growth of hemocyte cell cultures from Penaeus vannamei. Hemolymph-based shrimp culture medium (HBSCM-5 medium). Various concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS; 1–25%), shrimp muscle extract (SME; 1–25%) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 0.5 to 5 ng mL -1) were attempted to optimize the media for the development of primary hemocyte cell culture of P. vannamei. 15% FBS was ideal for the healthy morphology of cells with rapid replication. SME supplementation at 5–20% supported the cell growth for 24 hours but only 30% of cell viability was observed after 48 hours. bFGF (0.5 to 5 ng mL -1) enhanced cell growth in the medium with 15% FBS; Cells were healthy at all concentrations of bFGF and showed enlarged fibroblast-like morphology. HBSCM-5 medium containing 15% FBS was prepared with various levels of osmolality (540 to 1470 ± 20 mOsm kg ­1). The ideal pH level was examined by preparing the HBSCM-5 medium at pH between 6.8 and 8.0. Temperatures ranging from 20°C to 35°C and natural sea water (NSW) concentrations between 1% and 20% were also tested to determine their effect on cell growth and proliferation. Osmolality of 730 ± 20, pH of 7.2 and temperature of 28°C resulted in the healthy cells with good morphology. NSW supplement supported the cell growth at low concentrations of salt; however, at salt concentrations of more than 2%, cells did not form fibroblast-like morphology and instead a crystal-like morphology was observed.
New Model for Vertical Distribution and Variation of Atmospheric Water Vapor – A Case Study for China
Authors: Zhang Kefei , Wan Moufeng , Wu Suqin , Shen Zhen , Zhu Dantong , Sun Peng , Li Longjiang
Published: April 2022

For better modeling the variations in the vertical distribution of water vapor, in this study, a new function for the vertical variation in water vapor was derived, named lapseRPWV. From the analyses of lapseRPWV time-series, it was found that its vertical distribution is strongly correlated with the relative magnitude of total precipitable water vapor (TPWV). This study proposed a method that used six data ranges of TPWV to determine the relative magnitude of TPWV. For the periodic variations in the classified lapseRPWV time-series in each of six TPWV ranges, a spatio–temporal lapseRPWV model was developed for each range. The new models were validated by comparing their predictions against the references from sounding data at 12 radiosonde stations in China, and their performances were also compared with that of the commonly used water vapor scale height (H) model. Results showed that, first, the number of stations that had reduced annual RMSE of H values in TPWV ranges from 1 to 6 accounted for 92%, 92%, 67%, 83%, 100%, and 100% of the total stations, respectively. Second, the proportions of the height range that had reduced annual RMSE of water vapor density (WVD) in all height ranges within all TPWV ranges were above 75% at the 12 stations. Last, considering all TPWV ranges as a whole, in each of 10 height ranges, the annual RMSEs of WVD of all the stations reduced at least 11%, 20%, 43%, 48%, 40%, 38%, 32%, 35%, 32%, and 28%, respectively.
Association between hemodialysis and fall risk in older adults with multiple diseases
Authors: Yang Rumei , Wan Lihong , Liu Jin , Zhao Weihong , Li Ting , Pei Xiaohua , Qin Wenting
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Falls are a major cause of morbidity and disability in older adults with multiple diseases. This study aimed to evaluate whether hemodialysis is related to fall risk in older adults with multiple diseases ,and to explore the effect of dialysis on falls was mediated through the ratio of Cr / CysC and activities of daily living (ADL).Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged ≥60 years-old with at least two comorbid diseases admitted to the Geriatric Nephrology Department of Jiangsu Province Hospital between December 2019 and June 2021. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records. Fall risk was evaluated with a modified Thomas scale. Results: The study included 91 patients in the non-hemodialysis group and 40 patients in the hemodialysis group. The hemodialysis group had lower activities of daily living (ADL) and higher body mass index/skeletal muscle index (SMI) ratio and modified Thomas score than the non-hemodialysis group. Linear regression revealed that older age (b= 0.07, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.06-0.09, P < 0.001) and hemodialysis (b= 0.67, 95%CI = 0.27-1.06, P = 0.001) were associated with higher fall risk. Hemodialysis exerted a significant direct effect on the modified Thomas fall risk score (b = 0.526, 95%CI = 0.432–1.433, P = 0.015) as well as a significant indirect effect via the Barthel index (b = 0.172, 95%CI = 0.010–0.333, P = 0.037)Conclusion: Hemodialysis increases the risk of falling in older adults with comorbidities. The effects of hemodialysis on fall risk were direct and indirect. Identifying inpatients on hemodialysis who are at risk of falling would facilitate targeted intervention strategies.
TAT-W61 peptide reduces the inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting the binding S100b to the V-domain of Rage during ischemic stroke
Authors: Liang Jia , Li Hui , Ma Xiang-Yu , Liu Dan , Chen Yu-Ling , Feng Qian , Zhang Zhen , Wen Xiang-Ru , Wang Nan , Song Yuan-Jian
Published: April 2022

Ischemic stroke is a nervous system disease associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, there are no neuroprotective drugs for this disease. S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b), which is abnormally expressed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients, can bind to various other proteins and exacerbate the progression of stroke; receptor for advanced glycation end-products (Rage) is one of these proteins. To inhibit the occurrence of this interaction, a peptide (TAT-W61) based on the V-domain of S100b that interacts with Rage was produced. This study aimed to use TAT-W61 to reduce the levels of inflammation and apoptosis after ischemic stroke and to improve learning memory and motor dysfunction. In this study, S100b and Rage expression increased after ischemic stroke. Possible binding sites of S100b on Rage were mapped through molecular docking and polar–contact assays. In immunoprecipitation experiments, TAT-W61 inhibited the binding of S100b to Rage after ischemic stroke. TAT-W61 peptide, derived from Rage, could reduce the inflammatory and apoptotic response caused by ischemic stroke. It may also improve the infarct volume of the pathological injury and reduce the apoptotic rate. In particular, the TAT-W61 peptide could significantly improve learning, memory, and motor dysfunction in an ischemic stroke model. TAT-W61 peptide may help alleviate ischemic stroke injury.
Investigation of the Relationship between Maxillary Dimensions and Labial and Palatal Maxillary Impacted Canines Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Karaman Ahmet , Genc Esra
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To compare the maxillary dimensions of individuals with labial and palatal bilateral maxillary canine impaction and a control group of individuals with no impaction using CBCT. Materials and Methods: 45 patients were included in the study with age range of 13 to 18 and consisted of 22 females and 23 males. The sample included three groups of 15 patients as the control, labial and palatal group. The measurements made on the axial and coronal planes were made on the levels of the 1st premolar and the 1st molar. Also nasal cavity and anteroposterior depth were measured. Results: The maxillary anteroposterior depth, basal first molar width, alveolar first molar and premolar width and first molar palatal vault depth of the control group were significantly higher than labial and palatal groups (p<0.05).The basal first premolar width of the control group was significantly higher than palatal group (p<0.05). The first premolar palatal vault depth and nasal cavity width of the palatal group were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: The basal and alveolar widths associated with the molars and the palatal depths were lower in the impacted group than control group. The anatomical structures in the female patients were affected by the position of impaction to a higher extent in comparison to the anatomical structures in the male patients.Clinical Relevance: In the case of impaction of maxillary canines, the dimensions of the arch will be smaller and the maxillary base of the dental arches will be less developed.
Design of Backstepping Control for Nonlinear Systems based on Command Filter and Uncertainty Estimation
Authors: Zhou Lan , Jiang Fuxi , Sun Yongbo , Pan Changzhong , Zhang Zhu
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an improved command-filtered backstepping control method for a class of multi-source-disturbed nonlinear systems based on an active-uncertainty-estimation-and-compensation approach. Exploiting the available model information of a plant, a reduced-order extended-state observer is designed to estimate a matched total uncertainty. Command filters are constructed to estimate virtual control inputs. Both the estimated states and estimation errors are used for the construction of the backstepping control law, which guarantees the stability of the system and compensates for uncertainties. Moreover, a particle-swarm-optimization algorithm is adopted to simultaneously optimize the state observer gain and backstepping-control gains. Finally, a case study on a rotational system shows that the presented method achieves better uncertainty-suppression and tracking performance in both transient and steady state than other related methods.
Non-blind Arnold Scrambled Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking Scheme based on Differential Evolution and DnCNN
Authors: Amiri Ali , Kanan Hamidreza Rashidy
Published: April 2022

Watermarking is to place a message invisibly in the media without damaging it. Transform (frequency) domain based watermarking has received more attention due to its advantages over spatial domain. Many algorithms which utilize SVD, have a false positive problem. Therefore, this study propose a scheme that along with the robustness of the cover image to the various attacks, maintains the imperceptibility of the watermarked image. To achieve these goals, we use three transforms along with Differential Evolution algorithm. Also, to obtain the best multiple scaling factors, we modify the unique values of SVS of the low resolution approximate image which is obtained in the embedding process. To further increase the security of the proposed method, we scrambled the cover image using Arnold’s transform. We also did not use the U and V diagonal components in the embedding and extracting steps to prevent false positives.
Bicyclol Attenuates Obesity-induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Chen Yanghao , Lin Wante , Zhong Lingfeng , Fang Zimin , Ye Bozhi , Wang Zhe , Chattipakorn Nipon , Huang Weijian , Liang Guang , Wu Gaojun
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Schisandra is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine in East Asia. As a traditional Chinese medicine derivative with Schisandra chinensis as raw material, bicyclol is well known for its significant anti-inflammatory effect. Chronic inflammation plays an significant part in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. Our purpose was to explore the effect and mechanism of bicyclol on obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods: Mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and cardiomyocytes stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) were used as models of obesity-related cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The therapeutic effect of bicyclol on pathological changes such as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis was evaluated by staining cardiac tissue sections. PCR was used to detect inflammatory factors in H9c2 cells and animal heart tissue after bicyclol treatment. Then, we used western blotting to detect the expression levels of myocardial hypertrophy related protein, myocardial fibrosis related protein, NF-κB and MAPK pathways.Results: Our results indicated that bicyclol treatment significantly alleviates HFD-induced myocardial inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Similar to animal level results, bicyclol could significantly inhibit PA-induced inflammation and prevent NF-κB and MAPK pathways to be activated.Conclusion: Our results showed that bicyclol is expected to become a potential drug to treat obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.
Research on pilot perceived intention method based on EEG and visual fixation fusion
Authors: Jiang GuangYi , Chen Hua , Wang ChangYuan , Xue PengXiang
Published: April 2022

Situational awareness is the ability of pilots to master flight status, which is of great significance to aviation flight safety and flight effect. According to the information processing model, the pilot's main steps of processing information are feeling, perception and execution. There are many problems in situation awareness analysis guided by visual gaze, such as large analysis deviation and high delay due to various influencing factors and complex characteristics. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a situation awareness assessment method based on artificial intelligence neural network and integrating visual gaze and flight control. Firstly, this paper carries out simulated flight training experiments for flight cadets, and collects the data of eye movement, line of sight tracking, flight control and flight parameters of pilot cadets. Then, aiming at the flight subjects, a situation awareness analysis method based on events is established, and the situation awareness state in the experiment is evaluated and analyzed through the flight parameter data. Then, the visual gaze and flight control data are sliced in the unit of situational awareness events, and the data set is constructed. Finally, this paper designs a multi-channel sequence data classification and analysis model integrating transformer, in which the situation awareness characteristics of visual gaze and operation behavior are analyzed through the attention mechanism. The experimental results show that the accuracy of situation awareness classification of the designed neural network model to the experimental data set is 96%, and can classify and evaluate the pilot's situation awareness state in 5 seconds.
A cross-sectional study on the psychological changes of medical personnel in hospitals who experienced special COVID-19 situations
Authors: Yoo Byung Wook , Yan Xiao Guang , Sun Hwa Yeon
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in psychological problems; health professionals with higher exposure to risk of infection suffer psychological changes. This study aimed to investigate the level of anxiety, anger, and depression among health professionals in COVID-related special circumstances. A mass COVID-19 outbreak occurred in a general hospital in Korea. In total, 149 frontline and non-frontline health professionals involved in this were surveyed. Their anger, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Korean Screening Tool for Depressive disorders. By occupation, health professionals showed relatively higher anxiety and depression than non-health professionals. By type of work, frontline staff showed a higher level of depression than non-frontline staff. The results confirmed that healthcare staff underwent psychological changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to raise awareness on post-traumatic stress disorder affecting health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Inhibition of GPX4 Induces the Death of p53-Mutant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Tahaney William M. , Qian Jing , Moyer Cassandra L. , Nguyen Nghi , Lanier Amanda , Ma Yanxia , Hill Jamal , Powell Reid T. , Stephan Clifford C. , Mazumdar Abhijit , Davies Peter J.A. , Brown Powel H.
Published: April 2022

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized high rates of tumor protein 53 (p53) mutation and limited targeted therapies. Despite being clinically advantageous, direct targeting of mutant p53 has been largely ineffective. Therefore, we hypothesized that there exist pathways upon which p53-mutant TNBC cells rely upon for survival.
Methods
In vitro and in silico drug screens were used to identify drugs that induced preferential death in p53-mutant breast cancer cells. The effects of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor ML-162 was deleniated using growth and death assays, both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of ML-162 induced death was determined using small molecule inhibition and genetic knockout.
Results
High-throughput drug screening demonstrated that p53-mutant TNBCs are highly sensitive to peroxidase, cell cycle, cell division, and proteasome inhibitors. We further characterized the effect of the Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor ML-162 and demonstrated that ML-162 induces preferential ferroptosis in p53-mutant, as compared to p53-wild type, TNBC cell lines. Treatment of p53-mutant xenografts with ML-162 suppressed tumor growth and increased lipid peroxidation in vivo. Testing multiple ferroptosis inducers demonstrated p53-missense mutant, and not p53-null or wild type cells, were more sensitive to ferroptosis, and that expression of mutant TP53 genes in p53-null cells sensitized cells to ML-162 treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that p53-mutation correlates with ALOX15 expression, which rescues ML-162 induced ferroptosis.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that p53-mutant TNBC cells have critical, unique survival pathways that can be effectively targeted. Our results illustrate the intrinsic vulnerability of p53-mutant TNBCs to ferroptosis, and highlight GPX4 as a promising target for the precision treatment of p53-mutant triple-negative breast cancer.
Climate change driven shifts in plant-soil feedbacks – A meta-analysis
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Dastogeer K. M. Golam , Carrillo Yolima , Nielsen Uffe N
Published: April 2022

PurposeClimate change is expected to affect plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), influencing plant community dynamics and, through this, ecosystem functioning. However, our knowledge of effects on the magnitude and direction of PSFs is limited, with considerable variability between studies.MethodsWe quantified PSF effect sizes associated with common climate change factors, specifically drought and warming, using a meta-analytical approach. We investigated whether effects were consistent across functional groups, life histories (annual versus perennial, native versus non-native), planting (monoculture, mixed culture) and experimental conditions (field, greenhouse/laboratory). ResultsDrought induced stronger negative PSFs relative to ambient conditions while warming had no main effect. The response to drought was largely driven by stronger negative PSFs in grasses, suggesting that grasses may be more sensitive to drought. Interestingly, drought induced negative PSFs only in non-native species, suggesting that native species may better adapted to tolerate water stress. By contrast, we found an opposite in pattern in response to warming which may then favour invasive species. Perennial herbs displayed stronger negative PSFs than annual herbs in response to drought. Mixed species communities displayed more negative PSFs than monocultures, independent of climate treatment. Finally, warming and drought treatment PSF effect sizes were more negative in experiments performed in the field than under controlled conditions.ConclusionWe provide evidence that drought and warming can induce shifts in PSFs, which are dependent on plant functional groups, life history traits and experimental conditions. These shifts would be expected to have implications for plant community dynamics under projected climate change scenarios.
Accelerated ageing test reveals quantitative nature of inheritance of seed viability in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]
Authors: Saini Manisha , Yadav Raju Ratan , Chandra Subhash , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Rahul , Sheoran Seema , Rathod Nenavath Krishna Kumar , Yadav Manu , Taku Meniari , Basu Sudipta , Lal S.K. , Talukdar Akshay
Published: April 2022

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (2n=40), an important source of the premium quality protein (40%) and oil (18-20%), suffers from poor viability of the seeds during ambient storage. The current study aimed to understand the genetic control of seed viability in soybean and its association with other traits through accelerated ageing test. A set of 119 F2:3 seeds from a cross between good storing genotype EC1023 (91.87% germination after 1 year of ambient storage) and poor-storing genotype VLS61 (60.87% after 1 year of ambient storage) were tested for viability and vigour through accelerated ageing (AA) test. The parameters of the AA testing, which were initially standardized from six different combinations, were-temperature: 41± 1 0 C, duration: 72 hours and relative humidity (RH): ~100%. The tested seeds differed significantly for viability and vigour index I and II, which ranged from 4.16 to 71.42%. The continuous distribution of the viability percent of the F2:3 seeds indicated an involvement of more than one gene in controlling the viability of the seeds. The percent seed germination found to be positively and significantly correlated with the average seedling length (r=0.78) and seedling dry weight (r=0.83). Similarly, seedling length was found to be positively and significantly associated with seedling dry weight (r=0.92). The information on genetic control of viability of soybean seeds along with its vigour indices would pave the way for mapping and deploying the genes for improvement of viability in soybean.
Interleukin-6 as a predictor of early weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Sakai Kazuya , Nishii Mototsugu , Saji Ryo , Matsumura Reo , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: April 2022

Therapeutic efficacy of steroids on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) has been reported. However, predictive indicators of early weaning from MV in such cases have not yet been defined. Our aim was to clarify clinical utility of interleukin (IL)-6 level in ventilated patients with established ARDS. Clinical, treatment, and outcome data were evaluated in 119 invasively ventilated patients with ARDS caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Plasma levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on days 1, 4, and 7 after intubation. Fifty-two patients received dexamethasone (steroid group) and the remaining 67 did not (non-steroid group). Duration of MV use was significantly shorter in the steroid group compared to non-steroid group (11.5±0.6 vs. 16.1±1.0 days, P = 0.0005, respectively). Even when restricted to the steroid group, among the post-MV variables, the IL-6 level on day 7 was most closely correlated with the duration of MV use and showed the highest accuracy for withdrawal from MV within 11 days (AUC: 0.88), with optimal cutoff value of 20.6 pg/mL. Collectively, in intubated patients with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 who received dexamethasone, plasma IL-6 levels served as a predictor of early withdrawal from MV.
Evaluation salivary level of Glutathion reductase, Catalase and Free thiol in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder
Authors: Rezazadeh Fahimeh , Fassihi Nima , Mahdavi Dorsa , Tabesh Amir , Khorami Elham Tayebi , sedarat hossein
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are characterized by jaw pain combined with dysfunction of the muscles and joints. Extreme fabrication of oxidative stress in the TMJ thus results in tissue injury, which advances to TMD.The aim of this study was to evaluate the Glutathion reductase, catalase, and free thiol in saliva of TMD patients and compare it with people without TMD.
Materials and Methods
In this cross sectional study 35 patients with temporomandibular joint and 20 people without TMD were participated in the study. Five mL of each unstimulated saliva sample was collected in the morning and salivary level of antioxidants was assessed by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique. Helkimo index and visual analogue scale (VAS) also were measured during this experiment.
Results
There was significantly decrease in salivary level of Glutathion reductase and catalase in patients but there were no differences among two groups in free-thiol level.There was also correlation between antioxidant status and presence of click, pain and severity of disease; however, there was no correlation between age and gender with antioxidants contents.
Conclusion
The mean salivary levels of Glutathion reductase and Catalase in TMD patients were lower than that in the control group, which means these antioxidants were affected by TMD and also related with severity of it, but no significant difference was detected in salivary Free thiol between groups. So salivary Glutathion reductase and Catalase level may be used as a biomarker for TMD monitoring and treatment.
Predicting the poor clinical and radiographic outcomes after anatomical reduction and internal fixation of posterior wall acetabular fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lin Sung-Yen , Ho Cheng-Jung , Liu Wen-Chih , Chen Jr-Kai , Tu Hung-Pin , Lee Tien-Ching , Chang Je-Ken , Chen Chung-Hwan , Lu Cheng-Chang
Published: April 2022

Background: Anatomical reduction is the fundamental principle of hip function restoration after posterior acetabular wall fractures (PWFs). Some patients exhibit poor outcomes despite anatomical reduction, and the prognostic factors leading to poor outcomes remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with PWFs who had undergone anatomical reduction and internal fixation and to identify the predictors that impair clinical and radiologic outcomes.Methods: Clinical records of 60 patients with elementary PWFs who had undergone anatomical reduction and internal fixation between January 2005 and July 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The Harris hip score (HHS) and modified Merle d’Aubigné clinical hip scores (MMAS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Pre-operative and final follow-up radiographs were cross checked to identify poor radiographic outcomes that included the presence of advanced osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, as well as the need for conversion to total hip arthroplasty.Results: Age was negatively correlated with functional outcomes (correlation coefficients were -0.41 and -0.39 in HHS and MMAS, respectively) and significantly related to the severity of osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, and need for total hip arthroplasty. Regarding the radiographic factors, significantly worse post-operative HHS and MMAS were found in the fracture comminution group. In the subanalysis of the status of fracture comminution, patients with fragment comminution involving the acetabular dome had significantly lower functional scores than those with other fracture patterns.Conclusions: Age, fracture comminution, and dome comminution were the prognostic indicators of advanced osteoarthritis and poor functional scores after anatomical reduction and internal fixation of PWFs. We further emphasized the relevance of acetabular dome comminution as an important contributing factor to clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Structural investigation of aaptourinamine by a time-saving module-assembly based calculation
Authors: Shi Xing , Wu Zhihui , Jin Tianyun , Wang Cili , Li Pinglin
Published: April 2022

Unambiguously confirming natural products with high C/H ratio or proton-deficient and multi heteroatoms is challenging. A time-saving module-assembly calculation method named ‘Dooerafa’ including of constructing the meta-structures by a grafting method based on the crucial and the limited two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) correlations, ‘ring-contraction strategy’ based on mechanic force field and quantum chemical theory, and self-assemble calculations in Python programing for shaping up the structural candidates along with DFT-GIAO calculation was studied. And this method, verified by a known alkaloid spiroreticulatine with structure determined by X-ray diffraction, was performed for the structural elucidation of aaptourinamine which was isolated from marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides, showing us a brand new scaffold of imidazo[4,5,1-ij]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-7(8H)-one which has a biosynthetically relationship with the bioactive and structurally unique aaptamine alkaloid.
Comparative transcriptome reveals the mechanism of mink fur development and color formation
Authors: Wang Lidong , Zhou Shengyang , Liu Guangshuai , Lyu Tianshu , Shi Lupeng , Dong Yuehuan , He Shangbin , Zhang Honghai
Published: April 2022

Background: Mink fur is an important economic product, but the molecular mechanism of its color formation and fur development is still unclear. We used RNA-seq to analyze the skin transcriptome of young and adult minks with two different hair colors. Result: The minks were made up of black adults (AB), white adults (AW), black juveniles (TB), and white juveniles (TW) (three each). We found that thirteen KRTAP genes and five signaling pathways (JAK-STAT signaling Pathway (cfa04630), Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (cfa04550), ECM-receptor interaction (cfa04512), Focal adhesion (cfa04510) and Ras signaling pathway (cfa04014)) were related to mink fur development through pair comparison and cross-screening among different subgroups. We also found a tyrosinase family (TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2) involved in mink hair color formation. The expression level of TYR in black young minks was higher than that in white young minks, but this phenomenon was not observed in adult minks.Conclusion: Our study found significant differences in adult and juvenile mink skin transcriptome, which may shed light on the mechanism of mink fur development. At the same time, the skin transcriptome of black and white minks was also different, and the comparison was different by age, suggesting that the genes regulating hair color function in early childhood rather than adulthood. This study can provide molecular support for breeding mink coat color and improving fur quality.
RETRACTED: Antibiotic sensitivity of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria among patients of urinary tract infections in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: AROOJ Iqra , IJAZ Saadia , ELAHI Amina , KHAN Palvisha
Published: April 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
WITHDRAWN: Mapping relative forest maturity and stand development for conservation in the conterminous USA
Authors: Mackey Brendan , DellaSala Dominick A. , Norman Patrick , Campbell Carly , Comer Patrick , Rogers Brendan M.
Published: April 2022

ContextInformation on the maturity of forests is important for conservation planning. However, available information for the USA is inadequate to support national conservation assessment and planning.ObjectivesThe main objective was to spatially model at a high resolution the relative level of maturity and stand development for forests across conterminous USA. A secondary objective was to explore which younger forests could be attributed to the impacts of severe natural disturbances. MethodsWe modelled the relative level of maturity for forests at a 30 m pixel resolution using spatial data for forest cover, height and biomass, stratified by forest types and ecoregions. National plot data were used to validate modelled results. The impact on Young forest from severe wildfire, insects and disease, and tornados was examined for the years 2000-2019.ResultsOf a total forest area of 248.9M ha, Young forest covered 52.9 M ha (22%); Intermediate 100.3 M ha (42%); and Mature 86.0 M ha (36%). Results suggest that the modelled data are tracking observed forest structure and stand development. 1.4 M ha (2.67%) of modelled Young forest was impacted by severe natural disturbances, with 51.5 (97.33%) M ha of Young forest unimpacted. The distribution of the disturbance factors varied geographically. The unimpacted Young plus Mature forest are where primary forests are most likely found. ConclusionsThe forest maturity data can assist forest decision makers in meeting environmental commitments regarding mitigating forest sector emissions, biodiversity conservation and water quality, including through prioritizing land for meeting protected area and ecosystem restoration targets.
circCOL12A1 induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition and facilitates oncogenesis in gastric cancer via miR-30b-3p/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Zhang Xiaochong , Wang Li , Zhao Xiaoling , Tian Xiaopeng , Lei Qiuxiang , Li Yuandong , Hui Limin , Tian Liangfang , Xie Shurui , Liu Dengxiang
Published: April 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential regulatory role in gene expression. Abnormally expressed circRNAs contribute to the occurrence and development of multiple cancers including gastric cancer (GC). However, studies regarding circRNAs in GC remain inadequate. In this study, we used high-throughput screening assays and discovered that circCOL12A1 was significantly increased in GC tissues compared with that in normal gastric tissues. Overexpression of circCOL12A1 enhanced cell proliferation, whereas depletion of circCOL12A1 reduced GC cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating EMT-related gene expression. Mechanistically, circCOL12A1 sponged miR-30b-3p and inhibited miR-30b-3p activity and increased the expression of the EMT-related transcriptional factor, ZEB1. miR-30b-3p expression was lower in GC tissue and correlated with poor survival of GC patients. By contrast, ZEB1 was highly expressed in GC and played a role in promoting GC cell migration and EMT. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulation of ZEB1 via circCOL12A1-induced inhibition of miR-30b-3p resulted in GC cell proliferation and migration by regulating the EMT process. We demonstrated a pivotal role of circCOL12A1 in regulating proliferation and migration in cancer cells, and the results suggest a therapeutic benefit from targeting the circCOL12A1/miR-30b-3p/ZEB1 pathway in GC.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Florida medical students’ wellbeing and academic experience during “lockdown”
Authors: Baajour Shadi A. , Wahood Waseem , Carnevale Kate J. F.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to demonstrate considerable impacts on all aspects of life, as well as mental health across populations. Medical students may be considered a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the compounding mental stress of a demanding medical education. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was designed for medical students in the state of Florida, USA, to collect their perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their personal daily habits, perceived social connectedness, academic outlook, and anxiety levels using a General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. Results: From the ten medical schools in Florida, 96 students responded. 94% of student respondents felt the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their academic experience, but only 55% of students felt their medical school adequately mitigated the negative effect of the pandemic on their education, psychological well-being, and personal health. GAD-7 analysis revealed 36 students with mild, 15 with moderate, and 6 with severe anxiety symptoms. Students rated interruption of daily habits and feeling others were not following health guidelines as the most influential factors for their increased anxiety. Factors related to decreased anxiety were communication with family, practicing relaxation techniques, and avoiding public exposure. Discussion: Increased levels of anxiety were common amongst students during the pandemic. Students should be encouraged to seek appropriate resources and outlets to mitigate the effects of anxiety on their psychological well-being and academic success.
The unexpected radiative impact of the Hunga Tonga eruption of January 15th, 2022
Authors: Sellitto Pasquale , Podglajen Aurelien , Belhadji Redha , Boichu Marie , Carboni Elisa , Cuesta Juan , Duchamp Clair , Kloss Corinna , Siddans Richard , Begue Nelson , Blarel Luc , Jegou Fabrice , Khaykin Sergey , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Legras Bernard
Published: April 2022

The underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai (HT) volcano violently erupted on January 15th, 2022, injecting volcanic gases and aerosols at over 50 km altitude. Here we show the stratospheric aerosol and water vapour perturbations due to the HT eruption, the plume evolution during the first month dispersion and we estimate its short-term radiative impact. The HT eruption produced the largest perturbation of stratospheric aerosols and water vapour since the eruption of Pinatubo volcano in 1991. During the first three weeks following the eruption, water vapour radiative cooling dominates the plume’s heating/cooling rates, reaching values as large as -10 K/d and produces a fast plume descent of several km. At the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface, volcanic aerosol cooling dominates the radiative forcing (RF) for the fresh plume. After two weeks, due to dispersion/dilution, water vapour heating starts to dominate the TOA RF, leading to a net warming of the climate system, which was never reported before for a volcanic plume. The surface RF, on the contrary, is dominated by the aerosol effect and reaches values of near -2 Wm-2, exceeding the hemispheric-averaged surface impact of stratospheric events of the last 30 years.
Pattern of genetic inheritance of grain yield and grain related traits in rabi sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Verma Lokesh Kumar Verma Kumar , Biradar B. D.
Published: April 2022

Grain related and yield contributing traits greatly influences both grain size and grain yield. In present experiment four crosses viz., BJV 44 × DSMR-8, BJV 44 × DSMR-4, PKV Kranti × DSMR-8 and PKV Kranti × DSMR-4 were studied for inheritance pattern during rabi-2020. Both additive and dominance gene actions were found to be predominant for all the traits in the cross BJV 44 × DSMR-8, whereas rest of the crosses exhibited additive gene action for some traits and dominance for other traits. The majority of the crosses exhibited duplicate gene interactions for most of the traits and were found suitable for population improvement program whereas some crosses, showed complementary gene interaction and were found suitable for heterosis breeding. While two crosses viz., BJV 44 × DSMR-4 and PKV Kranti × DSMR-4 were found suitable for heterosis breeding for grain yield/plant. It is the first report on inheritance pattern of grain size viz., grain length, width, thickness and other grain related traits such as 100 grain volume and density studied using generation analysis.
The Expressions of NMU, PPBP and GNG4 in Colon Cancer and Their Influences on Prognosis
Authors: Chen DanYu , Ye Zhen , Lew Zhenxian , Luo Simin , Yu Zhong , Lin Ying
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the core genes that influence the prognosis of colon cancer, and analyze their relationships with clinical characteristics. MethodsThe gene expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The top ten core genes were selected by bioinformatics tools, and screened through the Oncomine database. The expressions of core genes in colon cancer cells and tissues were validated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results There were 1665 DEGs that have been identified from the TCGA database. Bioinformatics analysis found that GNGT1, NMU, PPBP, AGT, and GNG4 were differentially expressed in colon cancer tissue. Over-expression of NMU, PPBP, AGT, and GNG4 in colon cancer was associated with shortened survival time (p<0.05). In the validation studies, the high expression levels of NMU, PPBP and GNG4 in colon cancer cells and tissues were confirmed as compared to the control groups (p<0.05), and were adverse prognostic markers (p<0.01). The combination prognostic model of the three core genes predicted the 1, 3, and 5-year survival of colon cancer with the AUC of 0.868, 0.635 and 0.770, respectively. ConclusionsThe high levels of NMU, PPBP, and GNG4 were associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. The combination prognostic model of these three genes could be a new option.
Evaluation of fluorescence-based viability stains in scleractinian coral cell cultures
Authors: Roger Liza M. , Darko Yaa Adarkwa , Bernas Tytus , White Frances , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Lewinski Nastassja A.
Published: April 2022

The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. Using Pocillopora damicornis as a model, we characterized the autofluorescence and tested different fluorescent dye pair combinations to identify alternative viability indicators. The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecule, protein and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 hours of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX® orange. Our results show that this dye pair can be distinctly measured in the presence of fluorescent proteins plus chlorophyll. P. damicornis cells exposed for 24 hours to Triton-X100, insulin or titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 0.5-100 µg/mL, revealed a LC50 of 0.5 µg/mL for Triton-X100, 20 µg/mL for TiO2 NPs and an average 20% reduction in viability at 100 µg/mL for insulin. The workflow presented here provides a general framework for customizing dye pairs for cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: April 2022

In this work, such concepts as gravitational cells and gravitational strings were successfully built into the theory of the gravitational field. This innovation made it possible to move from general ideas about gravitational interaction to a deeper and more detailed understanding of this physical process and to obtain significant scientific results. These results include: obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the mass of an electron and the mass of a hydrogen atom through fundamental physical constants; determining the energy of a graviton, obtaining the length and frequency of gravitational waves; obtaining the distance of action of gravitational forces; obtaining a relativistic formula for the speed of a body in a gravitational field, and etc. In this work, Planck's constant was successfully applied to the theory of gravitational cells and strings. As a result, the formula for the minimum distance of gravitational interaction, the formula for the mass of an electron, and the formula for the mass of a hydrogen atom were obtained. Through the synthesis of the theory of gravitational cells and the relativistic formula of Einstein's total energy, the relativistic formula for the velocity of a body in a gravitational field was obtained. The results obtained by the new formulas completely coincided with the known scientific and experimental data. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that only fundamental physical constants are present in the new formulas.