bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extraction Method for Large Gradient Three-Dimensional Displacements of Mining Areas Using Single-Track InSAR, Boltzmann Function, and Subsidence Characteristics
Authors: Jiang Kegui , Yang Keming , Zhang Yanhai , Li Yaxing , Li Tingting , Zhao Xiangtong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an extraction method for large gradient three-dimensional (3-D) displacements of mining areas using single-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Boltzmann function, and subsidence characteristics. This is mainly aimed at overcoming the limitations of surface deformation monitoring in mining areas by using single-track InSAR technology. One is that the rapid and large gradient deformation of the mine surface usually leads to image decoherence, which makes it difficult to obtain correct deformation information. Second, the surface deformation monitored by InSAR is only one-dimensional line of sight (LOS) displacement, and thus it is difficult to reflect the real 3-D displacements of the surface. Firstly, the Boltzmann function prediction model (BPM) is introduced to assist InSAR phase unwrapping; thus the missing large gradient deformation phase of InSAR is recovered. Then, the subsidence characteristics in mining horizontal (or near-horizontal) coal seams are used as prior knowledge for theoretical derivation, and a 3-D displacement extraction model of coal seam mining with single-track InSAR is constructed. The feasibility of the method is verified by simulating LOS displacements with random noise and underestimation phenomenon caused by the large gradient deformation as InSAR observations. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of 3-D displacements on the observation line calculated by the proposed method is 21.5 mm, 19.0 mm, and 32.9 mm, respectively. Based on the single-track Sentinel-1 images, the method in this paper was applied to the extraction of surface 3-D displacements in the Huaibei coal mine, and the experimental results show that the extracted 3-D displacements are in good agreement with that of measurement by the surface observation station. The proposed method can adapt to limited InSAR acquisitions and complex monitoring environments.
A Bio-Inspired MEMS Wake Detector for AUV Tracking and Coordinated Formation
Authors: Qiao Qingyu , Kong Xiangzheng , Wu Shufeng , Liu Guochang , Zhang Guojun , Yang Hua , Zhang Wendong , Yang Yuhua , Jia Licheng , He Changde , Cui Jiangong , Wang Renxin
Published: June 2023

AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) coordinated formation can expand the detection range, improve detection efficiency, and complete complex tasks, which requires each AUV to have the ability to track and locate. A wake detector provides a new technical approach for AUV cooperative formation warfare. Now, most of the existing artificial lateral line detectors are for one-dimensional flow field applications, which are difficult to use for wake detection of AUVs. Therefore, based on the pressure gradient sensing mechanism of the canal neuromasts, we apply Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology to develop a lateral line-inspired MEMS wake detector. The sensing mechanism, design, and fabrication are demonstrated in detail. Experimental results show the detector’s sensitivity is 147 mV·(m/s)−1, and the detection threshold is 0.3 m/s. In addition, the vector test results verify it has vector-detecting capacity. This wake detector can serve AUVs wake detection and tracking technology, which will be promising in AUV positioning and coordinated formation.
Obfuscated Memory Malware Detection in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices for Smart City Applications
Authors: Shafin Sakib Shahriar , Karmakar Gour , Mareels Iven
Published: June 2023

Obfuscated Memory Malware (OMM) presents significant threats to interconnected systems, including smart city applications, for its ability to evade detection through concealment tactics. Existing OMM detection methods primarily focus on binary detection. Their multiclass versions consider a few families only and, thereby, fail to detect much existing and emerging malware. Moreover, their large memory size makes them unsuitable to be executed in resource-constrained embedded/IoT devices. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a multiclass but lightweight malware detection method capable of identifying recent malware and is suitable to execute in embedded devices. For this, the method considers a hybrid model by combining the feature-learning capabilities of convolutional neural networks with the temporal modeling advantage of bidirectional long short-term memory. The proposed architecture exhibits compact size and fast processing speed, making it suitable for deployment in IoT devices that constitute the major components of smart city systems. Extensive experiments with the recent CIC-Malmem-2022 OMM dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms other machine learning-based models proposed in the literature in both detecting OMM and identifying specific attack types. Our proposed method thus offers a robust yet compact model executable in IoT devices for defending against obfuscated malware.
NR5G-SAM: A SLAM Framework for Field Robot Applications Based on 5G New Radio
Authors: Karfakis Panagiotis T. , Couceiro Micael S. , Portugal David
Published: June 2023

Robot localization is a crucial task in robotic systems and is a pre-requisite for navigation. In outdoor environments, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have aided towards this direction, alongside laser and visual sensing. Despite their application in the field, GNSS suffers from limited availability in dense urban and rural environments. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), inertial and visual methods are also prone to drift and can be susceptible to outliers due to environmental changes and illumination conditions. In this work, we propose a cellular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) framework based on 5G New Radio (NR) signals and inertial measurements for mobile robot localization with several gNodeB stations. The method outputs the pose of the robot along with a radio signal map based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements for correction purposes. We then perform benchmarking against LiDAR-Inertial Odometry Smoothing and Mapping (LIO-SAM), a state-of-the-art LiDAR SLAM method, comparing performance via a simulator ground truth reference. Two experimental setups are presented and discussed using the sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequency bands for communication, while the transmission is based on down-link (DL) signals. Our results show that 5G positioning can be utilized for radio SLAM, providing increased robustness in outdoor environments and demonstrating its potential to assist in robot localization, as an additional absolute source of information when LiDAR methods fail and GNSS data is unreliable.
Triple-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna for Long-Range IoT Applications
Authors: Yahya Muhammad Sani , Soeung Socheatra , Singh Narinderjit Singh Sawaran , Yunusa Zainab , Chinda Francis Emmanuel , Rahim Sharul Kamal Abdul , Musa Umar , Nor Nursyarizal B. M. , Sovuthy Cheab , Abro Ghulam E. Mustafa
Published: June 2023

In this study, a novel reconfigurable triple-band monopole antenna for LoRa IoT applications is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to function at three distinct LoRa frequency bands: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz covering the LoRa bands in Europe, America, and Asia. The antenna is reconfigurable by using a PIN diode switching mechanism, which allows for the selection of the desired operating frequency band based on the state of the diodes. The antenna is designed using CST MWS® software 2019 and optimized for maximum gain, good radiation pattern and efficiency. The antenna with a total dimension of 80 mm × 50 mm × 0.6 mm (0.12λ0×0.07λ0 × 0.001λ0 at 433 MHz) has a gain of 2 dBi, 1.9 dBi, and 1.9 dBi at 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, respectively, with an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency above 90% across the three frequency bands. The fabrication and measurement of the antenna have been carried out, and the results of simulation and measurements are compared. The agreement among the simulation and measurement results confirms the design’s accuracy and the antenna’s suitability for LoRa IoT applications, particularly in providing a compact, flexible, and energy efficient communication solution for different LoRa frequency bands.
An Accelerated-Based Evaluation Method for Corrosion Lifetime of Materials Considering High-Temperature Oxidation Corrosion
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Liu Shuqiang , Liang Peibo , Ye Zhipeng , Li Yaqiu
Published: June 2023

In the realm of industrial automation, corrosion represents one of the primary modes of failure, especially in the case of armored thermocouples exposed to temperatures ranging between 1073.15–1373.15 K. In this context, the selection of metal materials that can withstand high-temperature oxidation and corrosion is of paramount importance. Typically, the corrosion resistance of a given metal material is assessed by measuring the “annual corrosion rate” or “corrosion depth”, which can provide an estimated life expectancy value. However, such an approach fails to account for the individual characteristics of the material, and thus does not conform to objective laws. Rather, the corrosion life of a batch of metallic materials should follow the Weibull distribution, or possibly a normal distribution, as per recent studies that have examined the high-temperature oxidation corrosion mechanism of machine or core components. This investigation effectively combines the standard approach for evaluating metal corrosion resistance in the field of materials with the method of assessing component life in the domain of reliability. Furthermore, we consider the individual differences among materials and provide the life distribution function of metals in corrosive environments and thereby refine the evaluation of metal corrosion resistance. This study ultimately establishes a thermocouple accelerated life evaluation model that enhances the accuracy and efficiency of life evaluations for related products.
Enhanced Hydrological Simulations in Paddy-Dominated Watersheds Using the Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY Modeling Approach
Authors: Lee Seoro , Park Youn Shik , Kim Jonggun , Lim Kyoung Jae
Published: June 2023

Accurate hydrological simulations are crucial for managing water resources and promoting sustainable agriculture in submerged paddy agricultural watersheds. The SWAT-MODFLOW, which couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Modular Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW) model, is a widely used tool for hydrologic simulations that consider surface water and groundwater (SW-GW) interactions. However, it falls short of effectively simulating the hydrological processes of submerged rice paddy field areas. To address this, we developed the hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model, which enables integrated surface and groundwater simulations and effectively represents the hydrological responses of submerged paddy fields to high-resolution rainfall data. Our findings demonstrated that the hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model could dynamically simulate soil moisture and runoff patterns in submerged paddy fields. Notably, the developed model showed enhanced performance throughout the entire period for hourly flow in the watershed, with an average coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75, Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.76, and percent bias (PBIAS) of 13.22 compared to the original model (R2 = 0.62, NSE = 0.70, PBIAS = 48.21). The model’s performance in predicting water quality was improved, and it highlighted the significant impact of complex hydrological mechanisms within submerged paddy fields on the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge and stream water volumes exchanged through SW-GW interactions. Given these promising results, the SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model could be a valuable resource for managing submerged paddy-dominated agricultural watersheds across various climates and regions.
Evaluation of a Team-Based Collection and Delivery Operation
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro , Taguchi Yuya , Shiode Narushige , Shiode Shino
Published: June 2023

The rise in the volume of e-commerce is adding increasing pressure on the logistics of parcel delivery. To improve the efficiency of their operations, the parcel industry in Japan is exploring team-based collection and delivery (TCD), whereby the sales driver (SD) hands out parcels to the field crews (FC), who subsequently deliver them to the door. However, the efficiency of TCD is still understudied. This study proposes a method for optimizing the delivery route for TCD and evaluates the efficiency of the ongoing operation. The TCD delivery problem focuses on minimizing the task completion time using parameters derived through surveys of the actual operations. Comparison between seven different methods show that the newly proposed method of fuzzy c-means clustering with a genetic algorithm outperforms the rest, rapidly computing sufficiently accurate results. Results suggest that the proposed optimal route reduces the total delivery time by up to 18.7%. However, the amount of time saved varies considerably by the area and the number of parcels delivered. Additional constraints for improving driver safety, the cost-benefit of increasing FCs, and the impact on the environmental cost are also considered. The proposed method also helps spread the workload and the travel time of the FCs more evenly, thus further reducing the total delivery time.
What Type of Energy Structure Improves Eco-Efficiency? A Study Based on Statistical Data of 285 Prefecture-Level Entities in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Luo Nengsheng , Li Yanfei
Published: June 2023

Increasing environmental pollution, resource depletion, and climate change have led to policymakers paying increased attention to the environmental and ecological impacts of economic activities. To establish which type of energy structure is most conducive to improving eco-efficiency, we use the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to quantify the relationship between the two, based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2016. The heterogeneity and spatial spillover effect on different types of cities are further discussed. Our findings suggest that energy structure optimization by reducing the proportion of coal energy is beneficial to improving ecological efficiency. However, the effect is nonlinear, showing an inverted U-shaped nonlinear change. The influence of energy structure optimization on ecological efficiency has a stronger effect on its improvement of resource-based and old industrial cities. Moreover, it has an obvious “local–neighborhood” spatial spillover effect. Additionally, the energy structure could be improved according to local conditions in different regions, such as the level of economic development, industrial structure, and resource endowment conditions. Furthermore, regional cooperation and coordination should be strengthened and consolidated, along with the positive spatial effects of high eco-efficiency cities. Especially in city clusters and metropolitan areas, the strengthening of cross-city cooperation in emission trading, environmental governance, and compensation is vital.
Business Models for Industrial Symbiosis: A Literature Review
Authors: Rentería Núñez Giselle , Perez-Castillo David
Published: June 2023

In recent years, companies have tried to implement various strategies focused on sustainability that impact the way they do business. This is how industrial symbiosis, which is a collaborative approach that favors the exchange of material, infrastructure, and energy resources that create economic and environmental benefits, arises. The implementation of industrial symbiosis is complex and requires collaboration and knowledge. Although there are empirical studies in countries where it has been developed, thus far, there has been no study integrating the advances in knowledge about industrial symbiosis. The main objective of this study is to become familiar with the current state-of-the-art industrial symbiosis and its business models in order to identify areas of opportunity and knowledge gaps. Through a bibliometric analysis and a systematic review of the literature, a codification of the dimensions and categories of the literature was carried out, identifying various tools, as well as theoretical models, simulation models, and business models designed to implement and evaluate a transition toward industrial symbiosis. The results indicate that the most studied variables are the material flow and the possible strategies that companies can adopt to move toward industrial symbiosis. However, there is still a need to go deeper into the study of cultural transformation, the ideal mechanisms to record and exchange information, and what negotiations are required to encourage collaboration.
Sustainable Perspectives Using Human Beings: The Sensory Properties of a Bio-Based Material Compared to a Synthetic Material—An Overall Assessment Based on an Innovative Blind Method
Authors: Nicolau Ana-Maria
Published: June 2023

Based on a comparative method, this paper discusses a sustainable perspective for the use of a certain bio-based material instead of synthetic materials, using human beings, with their sensory perceptions, as the central measurement tools. The innovative eco-design approaches are aimed at radical environmental improvements by focusing on the services provided to consumers. In improving the quality of a product, equity and environmental harmony have become issues and constant challenges in companies’ quests for modernization. In order to achieve this goal, one of the solutions taken into account by companies in order to be increasingly competitive is to replace, sometimes partially and other times totally, synthetic materials with new non-food, bio-based materials in the manufacturing process. The approach in this paper is aimed at better integrating tactile characteristics in designing green products. The detailed review of the literature shows that a consumer’s subjective perception is of paramount importance in their decision to accept a new product. Focusing on the sensory characteristics of materials with bio-based and synthetic origins, this paper draws conclusions about their resemblances and differences. The various subjective sensations when touching the two types of material are compared in order to obtain results that can protect the environment in the future.
A Three-Dimensional Subspace Algorithm Based on the Symmetry of the Approximation Model and WYL Conjugate Gradient Method
Authors: Wang Guoxin , Yao Shengwei , Pei Mingyang , Xu Jieqiong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a three-dimensional subspace method is proposed, in which the search direction is generated by minimizing the approximation model of the objective function in a three-dimensional subspace. The approximation model of the objective function is not unique, and alternatives can be chosen between a symmetric quadratic model and a conic model by specific criteria. Moreover, the idea of a WLY conjugate gradient method is applied to characterize the change of gradient direction between adjacent iteration points. The strategy of initial stepsize and nonmonotone line search are adopted, and the global convergence of the presented algorithm is established under mild assumptions. In numerical experiments, we use a collection of 80 unconstrained optimization test problems to show the competitive performance of the presented method.
The System for Extracting Crime Elements and Predicting Excavation-Type Heritage Crimes Based on Deep Learning Models
Authors: Lv Hongyu , Ding Ning , Zhai Yiming , Du Yingjie , Xie Feng
Published: June 2023

Heritage crimes can result in the significant loss of cultural relics and predicting them is crucial. To address the issues of inconsistent textual information format and the challenge of preventing and combating heritage crimes, this paper develops a system that extracts crime elements and predict heritage crime occurrences. The system comprises two deep-learning models. The first model, Bi-LSTM + CRF, is constructed to automatically extract crime elements and perform spatio-temporal analysis of crimes based on them. By integrating routine activity theory, social disorder theory, and practical field experience, the research reveals that holidays and other special days (SD) perform a critical role as influential factors in heritage crimes. Building upon these findings, the second model, LSTM + SD, is constructed to predict excavation-type heritage crimes. The results demonstrate that the model with the introduction of the holiday factor improves the RMSE and MAE by 6.4% and 47.8%, respectively, when compared to the original LSTM model. This paper presents research aimed at extracting crime elements and predicting excavation-type heritage crimes. With the ongoing expansion of data volume, the practical significance of the proposed system is poised to escalate. The results of this study are expected to provide decision-making support for heritage protection departments and public security authorities in preventing and combating crimes.
Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Fishes—A Review
Authors: Jamil Emon Farhan , Rohani Md Fazle , Sumaiya Nusrat , Tuj Jannat Mst Fatema , Akter Yeasmin , Shahjahan Md , Abdul Kari Zulhisyam , Tahiluddin Albaris B. , Goh Khang Wen
Published: June 2023

Heavy metals, the most potent contaminants of the environment, are discharged into the aquatic ecosystems through the effluents of several industries, resulting in serious aquatic pollution. This type of severe heavy metal contamination in aquaculture systems has attracted great attention throughout the world. These toxic heavy metals are transmitted into the food chain through their bioaccumulation in different tissues of aquatic species and have aroused serious public health concerns. Heavy metal toxicity negatively affects the growth, reproduction, and physiology of fish, which is threatening the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. Recently, several techniques, such as adsorption, physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremediation mechanisms have been successfully applied to reduce the toxicants in the environment. Microorganisms, especially several bacterial species, play a key role in this bioremediation process. In this context, the present review summarizes the bioaccumulation of different heavy metals into fishes, their toxic effects, and possible bioremediation techniques to protect the fishes from heavy metal contamination. Additionally, this paper discusses existing strategies to bioremediate heavy metals from aquatic ecosystems and the scope of genetic and molecular approaches for the effective bioremediation of heavy metals.
Recurrent Large Sunspot Structures and 27-Day Component of Solar Activity as Proxies to Axis-Nonsymmetry
Authors: Shapoval Alexander , Shnirman Mikhail
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to design tools that quantify the structure of the nonsymmetrical component of the solar magnetic field. With the Fourier transform and the machine learning identification of recurrent objects, we define the 27-day component of solar proxies and recurrent large sunspot structures (ReLaSS), respectively. These two closely related characteristics are established to represent different components of the asymmetry of the solar magnetic field. We derive that the 27-day component and ReLaSS have anticorrelated since 1970 after dozens of years of a strong correlation. The persistence of the correlation sign during few solar cycles reflects yet unknown regularities of solar activity. The contribution of both proxies to the nonsymmetry of solar activity is shown to be lower in 1990–2010 than ∼100 years earlier. This property may be the trace of the asymmetry at the scales that are longer than the centennial Gleissberg cycle.
Investigation of Potency and Safety of Live-Attenuated Peste des Petits Ruminant Virus Vaccine in Goats by Detection of Cellular and Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Milovanović Milovan , Dietze Klaas , Wernery Ulrich , Hoffmann Bernd
Published: June 2023

The peste des petits ruminant (PPR) virus is a transboundary virus found in small domestic ruminants that causes high morbidity and mortality in naive herds. PPR can be effectively controlled and eradicated by vaccinating small domestic ruminants with a live-attenuated peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) vaccine, which provides long-lasting immunity. We studied the potency and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine in goats by detecting their cellular and humoral immune responses. Six goats were subcutaneously vaccinated with a live-attenuated PPRV vaccine according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and two goats were kept in contact. Following vaccination, the goats were monitored daily, and we recorded their body temperature and clinical score. Heparinized blood and serum were collected for a serological analysis, and swab samples and EDTA blood were collected to detect the PPRV genome. The safety of the used PPRV vaccine was confirmed by the absence of PPR-related clinical signs, a negative pen-side test, a low virus genome load as detected with RT-qPCR on the vaccinated goats, and the lack horizontal transmission between the in-contact goats. The strong humoral and cellular immune responses detected in the vaccinated goats showed that the live-attenuated PPRV vaccine has a strong potency in goats. Therefore, live-attenuated vaccines against PPR can be used to control and eradicate PRR.
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Response among South African Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Adeniyi Oladele Vincent , Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher , Masilela Charity
Published: June 2023

This study assesses the durability of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after infection and examines its association with established risk factors among South African healthcare workers (HCWs). Blood samples were obtained from 390 HCWs with diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for assay of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG at two time points (Phase 1 and 2) between November 2020 and February 2021. Out of 390 HCWs with a COVID-19 diagnosis, 267 (68.5%) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG antibodies at the end of Phase I. These antibodies persisted for 4–5 and 6–7 months in 76.4% and 16.1%, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, Black participants were more likely to sustain SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG for 4–5 months. However, participants who were HIV positive were less likely to sustain SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG antibodies for 4–5 months. In addition, individuals who were <45 years of age were more likely to sustain SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG for 6–7 months. Of the 202 HCWs selected for Phase 2, 116 participants (57.4%) had persistent SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG for an extended mean period of 223 days (7.5 months). Findings support the longevity of vaccine responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Black Africans.
Research on Collision Avoidance Systems for Intelligent Vehicles Considering Driver Collision Avoidance Behaviour
Authors: Liu Guosi , Bei Shaoyi , Li Bo , Liu Tao , Daoud Walid , Tang Haoran , Guo Jinfei , Zhu Zhaoxin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a new collision avoidance switching system is proposed to address the lack of adaptability of intelligent vehicles under different collision avoidance operating conditions. To ensure the rationality of the collision avoidance switching strategy for intelligent vehicles, the NGSIM road dataset is introduced to analyse the driver’s collision avoidance behaviour, and a two-layer fuzzy controller considering the overlap rate is established to design the collision avoidance switching strategy. In order to achieve real-time collision avoidance system activation, a lane change collision avoidance model based on MPC control is also developed. Finally, a simulation environment was created using Matlab/CarSim for simulation verification. The simulation results show that the collision avoidance switching system is more responsive and has a shorter start-up distance and is more adaptable to different driving conditions.
Relación de la microbiota intestinal con enfermedades autoinmunes
Authors: Martínez Peláez Jackie Patricia , Ormaza Garate Bryam Paul , Pucha Aguinsaca Karina Fernanda
Published: June 2023

La microbiota intestinal es la colección de microorganismos que habitan el sistema gastrointestinal de un ser humano. Estos microorganismos incluyen bacterias, virus, hongos y otros patógenos. La microbiota intestinal juega un papel importante en la salud general del cuerpo, ya que puede influir en el sistema inmune, la digestión y la absorción de nutrientes, y la producción de ciertas vitaminas. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la microbiota intestinal y enfermedades autoinmunes donde los microorganismos de la flora juegan un papel fundamental en la regulación de los diferentes mecanismos de defensa. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, fue recopilada y clasificada la información usando el protocolo PRISMA, con la relación de la microbiota intestinal con enfermedades autoinmunes, cuyo algoritmo de búsqueda: (Relationship) and (intestinal) and (microbiota) and (autoimmune) and (diseases) entre los años 2017-2022. Finalmente, se encontraron 167 artículos. Conclusión. La microbiota intestinal puede tener una relación importante con el desarrollo y la progresión de algunas enfermedades autoinmunes, y el tratamiento con probióticos y prebióticos puede tener un efecto beneficioso en el curso de estas enfermedades, donde los microorganismos de la flora intestinal pueden desempeñar un papel crucial en la regulación del sistema inmune del cuerpo.
Manejo del Síndrome de Klippel–Trenaunay: reporte de caso
Authors: Bravo Yépez Cristian Vinicio , Bombón Chico José Enrique , Peña Criollo Lizbeth Carolina , Pazmiño Ordoñez María Solangge , Agua Naranjo Samia Alexandra , Arévalo Reinoso Gissela Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

El Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay se constituye en una malformación vascular compleja con una incidencia de 2 a 3 casos por cada 100.000 nacidos vivos, clínicamente presenta una triada clásica: manchas cutáneas en vino de Oporto, venas varicosas de localización atípica e hipertrofia ósea y de tejidos blandos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 33 años, sin antecedentes patológicos o quirúrgicos de importancia quien acude a consulta por aumento de volumen de la extremidad derecha, mancha violácea ipsilateral, además de dolor y parestesias. Al examen físico se evidencia aumento longitudinal de miembro inferior derecho, nevus hiperpigmentario en cara lateral de pierna derecha y muslo que se extiende al glúteo ipsilateral además de venas varicosas atípicas. Se practica ecografía Doppler venosa con transductor lineal que reporta incompetencia de vena Safena Mayor y perforantes suprageniculares. Se realizó manejo quirúrgico mediante safenectomía, corrección de deformidad y referencia a dermatología para terapia láser por el nevus hiperpigmentario. La paciente mostró evolución clínico – quirúrgica favorable con remisión de la sintomatología que motivó su consulta.
Tratamientos empleados para el síndrome de Dravet
Authors: Duran Guerrero María Cielo , Pozo Palacios Juan Carlos
Published: June 2023

Se estima que el síndrome de Dravet (SD) es una encefalopatía epiléptica y de desarrollo grave, que ocurre en 1 de cada 15000 nacidos vivos. Se caracteriza por una epilepsia resistente a los medicamentos que se presenta en el primer año de vida con convulsiones prolongadas acompañadas de fiebre o cambios de temperatura, a menudo de naturaleza hemiclónica, seguidas de convulsiones no provocadas de diversos tipos. Objetivo. Describir los tratamientos empleados para el Síndrome de Dravet. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática. Para ello, se ejecutó una búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos, como Pubmed, Dialnet, Sciencedirect, Scielo y Scopus. La búsqueda se limitó a los artículos publicados desde el año 2017 hasta el 2022. Después de recopilar los artículos, se aplicaron varios criterios de filtrado para asegurarse de que sólo se incluyeran aquellos estudios que eran pertinentes para el análisis. Conclusión. Los tratamientos actuales, como los medicamentos antiepilépticos, las dietas cetogénicas y la estimulación nerviosa, han demostrado ser efectivos para reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de las convulsiones en los pacientes. Es importante que los pacientes y sus cuidadores trabajen en conjunto con un equipo médico para lograr la mejor gestión posible de la enfermedad. Aunque no se dispone de una cura definitiva para el Síndrome de Dravet, los avances médicos continúan proporcionando esperanza y opciones de tratamiento a los pacientes y sus familias.
Neuro estímulo eléctrico periférico no invasivo como opción terapéutica en temblor esencial
Authors: Veintimilla Rojas María Salomé , Ochoa Aucay Jorge Eduardo
Published: June 2023

El temblor esencial es el trastorno de movimiento más común en la actualidad, su prevalencia aumenta conforme lo hace la edad y se caracteriza principalmente por ser un temblor de acción de miembros superiores que puede llegar a afectar miembros inferiores, tronco y cabeza. Afecta directamente la calidad de vida de las personas al limitar las actividades del diario vivir llevando al desarrollo de trastornos como ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo. Describir los efectos adversos y la eficacia de los neuro estímulos periféricos no invasivos como opción terapéutica para el temblor esencial. Metodología. Se empleó la metodología de una revisión sistemática, basadas en las directrices PRISMA 2021 mediante la búsqueda de información en las siguientes bases de datos, PubMed, Scopus y Web of science. Además, se realizó una búsqueda especifica de todos los estudios centrados en la temática cuyo algoritmo de búsqueda se presenta a continuación, "terapia no invasiva" AND "temblor esencial" AND "neuroestimulación" AND "estimulación eléctrica transcutánea" en idioma español e inglés, entre los años 2017- 2022. Conclusión. La neuroestimulación eléctrica periférica no invasiva se presenta como una opción terapéutica prometedora en el tratamiento del temblor esencial. Los estudios han demostrado una mejora significativa en los síntomas del temblor en pacientes tratados con neuroestimulación eléctrica periférica no invasiva, lo que sugiere que este enfoque puede ser beneficioso para pacientes que no responden a otros tratamientos convencionales o que experimentan efectos secundarios adversos. Además, la neuroestimulación eléctrica periférica no invasiva es una técnica segura y bien tolerada por los pacientes.
Relación entre COVID-19 con el desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes
Authors: Ortega Castro Jennifer Johanna , Hugo Merino Gabriel Anibal
Published: June 2023

En la actualidad existe un gran número personas diagnoticadas con SARS-CoV-2, llamando la atención la aparición de algunas enfermedades de origen autoinmunes post exposición a esta infección. Se cree que su asociación está dada por mecanismos que incluyen el mimetismo molecular, los autoanticuerpos y la estimulación de la señalización inflamatoria. Objetivo. Identificar la relación entre COVID-19 con el desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, donde, se utilizó buscadores científicos en la siguiente base de datos: Pubmed, Cocharne, Scielo y Science Direct. La búsqueda de información estuvo comprendida entre 2020 al 2022, se utilizaron palabras claves y algoritmo de búsqueda con la combinación de términos: “COVID-19”, “enfermedades autoinmunes”, “autoinmunidad”, además de esto se utilizaron operadores booleanos “And”, “Or” y “Not” con la finalidad de obtener mejores resultados en la brusquedad. Conclusión. Los principales mecanismos involucrados en el desarrollo de autoinmunidad posterior a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 incluye el mimetismo molecular, la presencia de autoanticuerpos y la tormenta de citoquinas propias de la infección por COVID-19. Las enfermedades de carácter autoinmune con las que se estableció relación directa: Síndrome de Guillan-Barré, Encefalitis autoinmune, Enfermedad de Graves, Tiroiditis de Hashimoto, Purpura trombocitopenica autoinmune y Vasculitis, además también se consideró la Enfermedad similar a Kawasaki - like, Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, mismas que aún necesitan de más estudios para establecer con exactitud su mecanismo de acciones con relación a la infección de SARS-CoV-2.
Comparación: acetaminofén vs ibuprofeno para el tratamiento de los síntomas en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Calle Tenesaca Tania Milena , Flores Montesinos Carlos Enrique
Published: June 2023

La propagación del COVID-19 fue expedita y tras varios informes la eficacia de algunos medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, como el ibuprofeno, estuvo bajo sospecha. Mientas que el paracetamol (acetaminofén) se sugirió como una alternativa segura y recomendable para el manejo temprano y domiciliario del dolor y fiebre en pacientes. Objetivo. Comparar el uso del acetaminofén vs ibuprofeno para tratamiento de los síntomas en pacientes con infección por SARS-COV-2”. Metodología. La investigación es una revisión sistemática, donde, se analizaron artículos científicos publicados en revistas vinculadas a áreas de salud, disponibles en buscadores y plataformas digitales tales, como Scienedirect, Pubmed, Elsevier y Springer Link. Las búsquedas se realizaron utilizando las palabras claves previamente definidas. Conclusión. El uso del ibuprofeno ha estado en duda desde sus inicios, en pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, ningún estudio afirma asociar el uso del mismo con aumentos importantes en estadía hospitalaria, ingresos en UCI, necesidad de ventilación mecánica, ni mortalidad. Sin embargo, el acetaminofén ha sido utilizado desde un principio, su uso no estuvo en duda, pero los hallazgos recientes parecen indicar que no es tan eficaz como se pensaba en un principio. Siendo bastante inferior en la comparación directa con el ibuprofeno.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico del síndrome antifosfolipídico seronegativo
Authors: Mata Eguiguren Loretto Charmaine , Villa Clavijo Christian Gabriel
Published: June 2023

El Síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF) se describió por primera vez en el año de 1982 por el científico Graham R. V Hughes. En el año 2003 Hughes y Khamasht lograron identificar una variable poco común de SAF denominada seronegativa, la cual se manifiesta con el cuadro trombolítico característico de esta enfermedad sin embargo existe ausencia de positividad en las pruebas serológicas, debido a que es una patología de difícil identificación y diagnóstico requiere de especial atención puesto que puede conllevar a múltiples complicaciones al no ser tratada de manera oportuna. Objetivo. Describir el diagnóstico y tratamiento del Síndrome Antifosfolipídico Seronegativo. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática donde se incluyeron estudios originales, metaanálisis y experimentales con fecha de publicación de los últimos 5 años en idioma inglés y español. Se utilizaron bases de datos virtuales como Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Conclusión. El Síndrome antifosfolipídico seronegativo una patología de difícil reconocimiento debido a la negatividad que refleja en las pruebas serológicas, para el diagnóstico inicialmente se debe tomar en cuenta las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente para obtener una sospecha, posterior a ello, es importante la realización de pruebas serológicas en donde primero se realice la detección de anticuerpos que forman parte de los criterios de SAF.
Hipertensión arterial, un reto farmacológico
Authors: Chalco Moscoso Marco Antonio , Zhingre Suárez Alicia Esperanza
Published: June 2023

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a más del 30% de la población adulta en todo el mundo y se caracteriza por tener una presión arterial más alta de lo normal. Se presentan los principales fármacos para el correcto manejo de la enfermedad según la gravedad de los síntomas del paciente evaluado por SCORE de riesgo cardiovascular y por sus patologías concomitantes. Objetivo. Identificar los fármacos y el tipo de tratamiento, farmacológico o no farmacológico, empleados en la HTA en cuanto a su diagnóstico, mejorando el manejo del paciente que padece esta enfermedad. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de tipo sistemática empleando el protocolo PRISMA para la recopilación de información en trabajos procedentes de motores de búsqueda como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y ELSEVIER sobre el tratamiento de la Hipertensión Arterial Primaria, publicados durante enero del año 2017 hasta diciembre del año 2022. Conclusión. La hipertensión arterial sigue siendo un reto en el campo de la farmacología debido a su alta prevalencia y su asociación con múltiples enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los tratamientos disponibles son efectivos, pero no curan la enfermedad, por lo que es necesario seguir investigando nuevas opciones terapéuticas para mejorar el control y reducir el impacto en la salud pública. La educación y la prevención son herramientas importantes para reducir la incidencia de hipertensión y mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad. Con esta investigación fue posible identificar la importancia del tratamiento farmacológico y el tratamiento de tipo no farmacológico, evaluando adecuadamente el estado del paciente.
Recomendaciones y peligros del uso de las benzodiacepinas en los adultos mayores
Authors: Ruiz Tinizaray Nicole Mishelle , Chalco Calle Diego Fernando
Published: June 2023

Las benzodiazepinas han sido empleadas en la práctica clínica aproximadamente desde la década de los 50, sus principales recomendaciones con importante eficacia son producción de ansiólisis, hipnosis, relajación muscular o como terapia anticonvulsivante, sin embargo, pueden asociarse con algunos riesgos altamente potenciales que pueden influir directamente de forma perjudicial en la calidad de vida de los pacientes geriátricos. Objetivo. Describir las recomendaciones y peligros del uso de benzodiacepinas en los adultos mayores. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante una búsqueda electrónica en las siguientes bases de datos: “PubMed” y “ScienceDirect”, fueron incluidos artículos originales, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos, entre otros, en idioma inglés y español. Para la recolección de información se tomó en cuenta la temporalidad de los últimos 6 años. Se utilizó palabras clave como: “Aged”, “Anciano”, “Benzodiacepinas”, “Benzodiazepines” “eHealth Strategies”, “Safety Management”. Según los términos DeCS/MESH. Conclusión. Se identificaron varios usos principales para los benzodiacepinas, los cuales incluyen el tratamiento del insomnio, la depresión, el trastorno de pánico, la ansiedad y la abstinencia por alcoholismo, con una tasa de prevalencia que alcanzó el 83,5%. Se encontró que el uso de benzodiacepinas es más común en pacientes críticos o en aquellos que presentan otras comorbilidades, como demencia (33,5%) o enfermedad de Alzheimer (5%). Entre los principales factores de riesgo relacionados al uso de benzodiacepinas se encuentran las caídas, las cuales presentaron una incidencia que osciló entre el 13% y el 17,5%. Asimismo, se identificó la dependencia y la incontinencia urinaria, ambas con una tasa de prevalencia del 15%.
Dieta cetogénica y su influencia en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria infantil
Authors: Quizhpe Fernández Dostin David , Rosero Viteri Iván Andrés
Published: June 2023

La dieta cetogénica durante muchos años utilizada como una alternativa en el tratamiento para la epilepsia refractaria infantil, que consiste en un alto consumo de grasas, reducidas cantidades de carbohidratos y las cantidades necesarias de proteína que permitan al paciente por medio de la producción de cetonas un correcto y adecuado aporte energético al cerebro y todo el SNC. Objetivo. Describir el uso de la dieta cetogénica en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria infantil para determinar su efectividad en la reducción de convulsiones y mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Metodología. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica para examinar la relación entre la dieta cetogénica y su efecto en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria infantil. Para identificar y seleccionar las fuentes de información, se aplicó la declaración PRISMA y se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en diversas bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo PubMed, SCOPUS y SCIELO. Se utilizaron términos descriptores específicos como "dieta cetogénica", "influencia", "tratamiento", "epilepsia refractaria" y "niños", así como conectores como AND, OR o NOT para mejorar la precisión de la búsqueda. Conclusión. La dieta cetogénica ha demostrado ser efectiva en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria al reducir en un 50% el número de crisis convulsivas y mejorar la cognición de los pacientes, lo que la convierte en una opción viable para el manejo de esta afección. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta que la dieta cetogénica también puede tener efectos secundarios.
Polimorfismo (cag) del gen atxn2 como factor de riesgo relacionado con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Cabrera Beltrán Christian José , Castillo Solano Freddy Damián
Published: June 2023

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una de las patologías con más prevalencia a nivel mundial, se estima que alrededor de 425 millones de habitantes viven actualmente con DM2 según la OMS, la importancia de realizar pruebas moleculares que permitan realizar un diagnóstico temprano conlleva el análisis de varios grupos de genes implicados en el fenotipo diabético con una marcada resistencia a la insulina y en la mayoría de los casos obesidad, entre los cuales están el polimorfismo de CAG(n) en el ATXN2 gen encontrado en el cromosoma 12q24. Objetivo. Conocer el estado actual del gen ATXN2 en relación al número variable de repeticiones en tándem (VNTR) del trinucleótido CAG(n) y su posible asociación con el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática mediante la búsqueda de información en las bases de datos de PubMed, Google Scholar y Elsevier. Para ello, se combinaron palabras clave relevantes, como "diabetes mellitus tipo 2", "polimorfismo CAG" y "ATXN2 gen", junto con "Epigenética de la DM2". Se seleccionaron artículos originales y estudios experimentales publicados en revistas de alto impacto utilizando Scimago Journal Ranks para garantizar la calidad de la literatura revisada. Conclusión. Se determinó la relación entre el ATXN2 y el VNTR CAG(n) y la actividad transcripcional del gen en la DM2 y otras patologías neurodegenerativas es evidente. Sin embargo, para profundizar en este tema, es necesario ampliar el campo de estudio en Ecuador y en otros países latinoamericanos, a fin de analizar la variabilidad genética y su posible relación con la DM2 en esta población.