bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Relationship Between Self-improvement Values and Green Brand Identity
Authors: Liang Xuedong , Yang Yong , Gong Qunxi , Li Sipan , Guo Gengxuan
Published: May 2021

In order to clarify the relationship between self-improvement values and green brand identity, we take the consumers’ self-improvement values as the antecedent variable, consider the self-monitoring as the moderating variable, regard consumers’ environmental self-accountability as the intermediary variable, and conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of consumers’ self-improvement values on green brand identity. The research found that:1) Self-improvement values positively affect consumers’ recognition of green brands;2) Self-improvement values positively affect consumers’ environmental self-accountability;3) Environmental self-accountability positively mediates the relationship between self-improvement values and green brand identity;4) Self-monitoring positively regulates the impact of consumer values on consumers’ environmental self-accountability and the mediating role of environmental self-accountability.
The Improvement Effect ofEnteromorpha proliferaBiochar on Chromium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Ren Liqing
Published: May 2021

Using biochar to improve chromium-contaminated soil is a promising method. In this study, theEnteromorpha proliferabiochar was prepared at different temperatures (300 °C 700 °C), and rye pot experiment was conducted to examine the improvement effect ofEnteromorpha proliferabiochar on the chromium-contaminated soils. The results showed that biochar could obviously promote the growth of rye in the chromium-contaminated soil. Compared with the control group, plant height, root length and biomass were increased, with the maximum increases of 38.9 %, 32.1 % and 34.7 %. The chlorophyll content was increased to 2.2 - 4.6 times, and the proline and peroxidase (POD) contents were significantly decreased, with maximum decreases of 72.8 % and 93.2 %. TheEnteromorpha proliferabiochar prepared at 400 °C had a best effect on improvement of chromium-contaminated soil at the dose of 30 g·kg-1. The biochar effectively alleviated the stress from Cr (VI), and promoted the growth and metabolism of rye.
Study on “Internet +” intelligent environmental protection to promote the modernization of environmental governance in Liaoning Province
Authors: Kun Qian , Nan Yang Xiao
Published: May 2021

Through the study of urban environment governance in liaoning province, analyzing the present status quo and problems of environmental governance, we hope to solve the problems of urban environment governance in liaoning province, and put forward Suggestions on promoting the modernization of urban environmental governance.Then building intelligent monitoring and early warning system, intelligent environmental monitoring system and intelligent service system, in order to enhance the modernization level of urban environmental governance in Liaoning Province.
Zielorientierung in der psychiatrischen Pflege und die Ziele von Menschen in stationärer Behandlung
Authors: Vater Ingmar
Published: May 2021

Menschen, die unter psychischen Erkrankungen leiden, haben häufig jegliche Hoffnung verloren. Eine Studie ging der Frage nach, wie Pflegende ihre Patienten unterstützen können, um individuelle Ziele zu entwickeln und neue Zuversicht zu gewinnen.
Fototelling: Arbeit mit Fotografien in Beratung und Coaching
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona
Published: May 2021

„Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte“ – die schnelle, oft emotionale Wahrnehmung von Bildern und Fotos ist sehr hilfreich für das Konzept „Beratung und Coaching mit Fotografien“. Das Herzstück beim Fototelling® ist die Fotografen-Rolle des Klienten, durch die er seine eigene Bildsprache finden und sich ein Bild machen kann. Dadurch werden die Reflexion und Perspektiverweiterung des Klienten unterstützt, um die eigene Blickrichtung zu finden. Neben den vielfältigen Chancen beschreibt der Artikel aber auch mögliche Grenzen des Konzepts.
Charakteristika von durch den Innovationsfonds geförderten
Interventionsstudien: Review und Dokumentenanalyse von Studienprotokollen,
Publikationen und Abschlussberichten
Authors: Heytens Heike , Walther Felix , Keßler Laura , Bremer Daniel , Frenz Elisa , Härter Martin , Geraedts Max , Bierbaum Thomas , Apfelbacher Christian , Schmitt Jochen
Published: May 2021

Dieses prospektiv registrierte Review charakterisiert 50 Interventionsstudien der
ersten Welle des Innovationsfonds auf Grundlage von Studienprotokollen oder
Originalartikeln. Die mehrheitlich (randomisierten) kontrollierten
Interventionsstudien bezogen überwiegend Erwachsene bzw. Senioren in
ambulanter Versorgung ohne regionalen Fokus ein und analysierten
Behandlungsprozesse mit heterogenen klinischen und Patientenoutcomes als
Zielgrößen. Die zu einem substantiellen Teil fehlenden
Studienprotokolle und methodischen Details (u. a. Fallzahlplanung)
zeigen (vermeidbare) methodische Probleme hinsichtlich der wissenschaftlichen
Qualität der geförderten Studien auf.
Swimming with Swimsuit and Wetsuit at Typical vs. Cold-water
Temperatures (26 vs. 18 ℃)
Authors: Gay Ana , Zacca Rodrigo , Abraldes J. Arturo , Morales-Ortíz Esther , López-Contreras Gracia , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Arellano Raúl
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to compare three swimming conditions in a swimming flume with
water at 26 ℃ (using swimsuit) and 18 ℃
(randomly with swimsuit and wetsuit). Seventeen swimmers (32.4±14.7
years old, 175.6±0.06 cm height, and 70.4±9.8 kg
body mass) performed three bouts until exhaustion at a 400-m front crawl pace
(24 h intervals). ANOVA repeated measures compared the experimental
conditions. Swimming at 26 ℃ with swimsuit evidenced a higher
metabolic demand (total energy expenditure; (E)), comparing to
18 ℃ swimsuit (p=0.05) and with 18 ℃
wetsuit (p=0.04). The 26 ℃ swimsuit condition presented
higher peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), blood lactate concentrations
([La-]peak), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal heart rate
(HRmax), anaerobic lactic energy (AnL), E, energy cost (C),
V̇O2
amplitude (Ap), and stroke rate (SR), but lower stroke length (SL) and stroke
index (SI) than 18 ℃ wetsuit. The 18 ℃ swimsuit
condition (comparing to wetsuit) lead to higher V̇O2peak, [La-]peak, HRmax,
E, C, Ap, and SR but lower SL and SI. Swimming at aerobic power
intensity with swim and wetsuit at 18 ℃ does not induce
physiologic and biomechanical disadvantages compared to 26 ℃.
The results suggested that the use of wetsuit might increase performance at
18 ℃ water temperature for competitive master swimmers. Its use
is thus recommended in open water swimming competitions when the water
temperature is 18–20 ℃.
An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Toxins from Pteridium aquilinum and Evaluation of Ptaquiloside Against Cancer and Non-cancer Cells
Authors: Williams Courtney , Allison Simon J. , Phillips Roger M. , Linley Peter A. , Wright Colin W.
Published: May 2021

The common fern, bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), is well known for its toxic effects on livestock due principally to the carcinogenic constituent ptaquiloside (

1), although other toxins are present including the cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin (

2). Here, we report an improved and relatively “green” process for the isolation of

1 and

2 from fresh bracken fronds and the evaluation of

1 for cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. The results indicate that

1 displays selective toxicity against cancer cells relative to noncancer retinal epithelial cells, and the improved method for the isolation of

1 is expected to facilitate further exploration of its pharmacological properties.
Metabolic Bone Diseases in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Testini Valentina , Eusebi Laura , Tupputi Umberto , Carpagnano Francesca Anna , Bartelli Francesco , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Bone plays an important role in regulating mineral balance in response to physiologic needs. In addition, bone is subject to a continuous remodeling process to maintain healthy bone mass and growth. Metabolic bone diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by abnormalities of bone mass, mineral structure homeostasis, bone turnover, or bone growth. In pediatrics, several significant advances have been made in recent years in the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, renal osteodystrophy, pediatric osteoporosis, and osteopetrosis). Imaging is fundamental in the diagnosis of these pathologies.
Preoperative and Postoperative Imaging in Idiopathic Scoliosis: What the Surgeon Wants to Know
Authors: Guglielmi Riccardo , Di Chio Teresa , Kaleeta Maalu Jean-Paul , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , De Leucio Alessandro , Simoni Paolo
Published: May 2021

The term idiopathic scoliosis covers a broad spectrum of spinal deformities in the pediatric population without an underlying congenital anomaly of the spine. Depending on the age of presentation, it has both characteristic clinical and imaging features and a different prognosis. The radiologist should provide the surgeon with critical information to assess the degree of deformity and eventually plan surgery. Thoracic deformities and lung volume must also be part of the preoperative assessment. Imaging has a critical role in postsurgical follow-up and in surgical complications. This review highlights the importance of common terminology and measurement methods to avoid incongruences. The different imaging modalities are discussed with their indications and limitations. We pay special attention to imaging modalities that can help the surgeon assess skeletal maturation reliably and thus predict the prognosis of scoliosis. Radiation protection and the risk of cumulative radiation exposure in these patients is emphasized.
TSC1 and TSC2: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Its Related Epilepsy Phenotype
Authors: Di Napoli Claudia , Gennaro Alessia , Lupica Carmelania , Falsaperla Raffaele , Leonardi Roberta , Garozzo Maria Teresa , Polizzi Agata , Praticò Andrea D. , Zanghì Antonio , Ruggieri Martino
Published: May 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a multisystemic involvement. In TSC, reduced function of TSC1 and TSC2 genes products (hamartin and tuberin, respectively) leads to an hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and to a consequent cell growth dysregulation. In TSC patients, neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations, especially epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as autism or intellectual disability, represent the most disabling features. In particular, epilepsy occurrs up to 80% of patients, is often drug resistant and is frequently associated with neurological impairment. Due to the burden of this morbidity, different treatment strategies have been proposed with the purpose to make patients epilepsy free, such as the use of different antiepileptic drugs like vigabatrin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and levetiracetam. More recently, a mTOR inhibitor (i.e. everolimus) has showed promising results in terms of seizures reduction.
Fulminating Autoimmune Demyelination with Optic Neuropathy in a Case of Pediatric Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Singhapakdi Kanya , Sharma Kamal , Maertens Paul
Published: May 2021

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a leukodystrophy characterized not only by progressive loss of myelin in the central nervous system due to dysmyelination, but also by acute, subacute, or chronic inflammatory demyelination. This results in the phenotypic variability of cerebral ALD (cerALD), which is independent of the genotype. In this article, we reported a fulminant presentation with fluctuating encephalopathy and visual loss in a patient with childhood onset cerALD. Brain MRI showed symmetric confluent occipito-temporal demyelination with severe disruption of the blood–brain barrier and prechiasmal optic neuropathy. The patient's cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated an elevated IgG index, myelin basic proteins, and oligoclonal bands. Within 48 hours of receiving immunomodulating therapy, the patient's symptoms of psychomotor slowing, visual impairment, and areflexia partially resolved. High plasma C26:0 levels and high ratios of C24/22 and C26/22 were diagnostic of ALD. It has been shown that environmental factors play an important role in the inflammatory demyelination responsible for the severe phenotypes of cerALD.
SYNGAP1 and Its Related Epileptic Syndromes
Authors: Garozzo Maria Teresa , Caruso Daniela , La Mendola Flavia Maria Consuelo , Di Nora Alessandra , Romano Katia , Leonardi Roberta , Falsaperla Raffaele , Zanghì Antonio , Praticò Andrea D.
Published: May 2021

Synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) is abundantly expressed in the postsynaptic space in brain tissue and has a crucial role in the regulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance and in brain development. It is estimated that SYNGAP1 loss of function variants have an incidence of 1 to 4/10,000 individuals, mostly occurring de novo, even if few cases of vertical transmission of mosaic mutations have been reported. Loss-of-function mutations within this gene have been related with an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and myoclonic-atonic seizures (MAE) with early onset, commonly resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AED). Epilepsy is often associated with other clinical features, including truncal and/or facial hypotonia and/or ataxia with a wide-based and unsteady gate. Other clinical signs are intellectual disability, developmental delay, and behavioral and speech impairment, in a context of a normal neuroimaging study. In selected cases, dysmorphic features, skeletal abnormalities, and eye involvement are also described. The diagnosis of the disorder is usually established by multigene panel and, in unsolved cases, by exome sequencing. Management of the affected individuals involves different specialists and is mainly symptomatic. No clinical trials about the efficacy of AED in SYNGAP1 encephalopathy have been performed yet and Lamotrigine and valproate are commonly prescribed. In more than half of cases, however, epilepsy is refractory to AED.
DNM1 Gene and Its Related Epileptic Phenotypes
Authors: Motta Milena , Consentino Maria Chiara , Fontana Alessandra , Sciuto Laura , Falsaperla Raffaele , Praticò Elena R. , Salafia Stefania , Zanghì Antonio , Praticò Andrea D.
Published: May 2021

The phenotypic variety associated to mutations in dynamin 1 (DNM1), codifying the presynaptic protein DNM1 has been increasingly reported, mainly related to encephalopathy with intractable epilepsy; currently, it is known the phenotype related to DNM1 gene mutations is relatively homogeneous with developmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy characterized by infantile spasms and possible progression to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. By examining all the papers published until 2020 (18 articles), we compared data from 30 patients (extrapolated from 5 papers) with DNM1 mutations, identifying 26 patients with de novo mutations in DNM1. Nine patients (33.3%) reported the recurrent mutation p.Arg237Trp. A usual phenotype observed comprises severe to deep developmental delay and muscular hypotonia in all patients with epilepsy beginning with infantile spasms, which often evolved into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Data about GTPase or central domains mutations, and existing structural modeling and functional suggest a dominant negative effect on DMN1 function. Generally genetic epilepsies consist of a wide spectrum of clinical features, unlike that, DNM1-related CNS impairment phenotype is quite uniform. In up to one third of patients it has been found variant p.Arg237Trp, which is one of the most frequent variant detected in epileptic encephalopathies. The understanding of DNM1 function opens up the chance that this gene would become a new therapeutic target for epilepsies.
Critical Illness Myopathy in a Child with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Jiménez-Legido María , Soto-Insuga Víctor , Luján-Bonete Manuel , Cantarín-Extremera Verónica , Bernardino-Cuesta Beatriz , Mansilla-Lozano David , Leoz-Gordillo Inés , Rodríguez-Palero Serafín , Buendía-Martínez Silvia , Duat-Rodríguez Anna , Ruíz-Falcó-Rojas María Luz
Published: May 2021

A variety of symptoms affecting the nervous system and/or skeletal muscle have been described during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Though largely unexplored in children, intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is associated with significant comorbidities. No previous pediatric cases of ICU-AW associated with coronavirus disease 2019 have been reported. A 12-year-old boy with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Seven days later, he developed severe muscle weakness, with a creatine kinase level of 402 U/L. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern. Severe pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection may develop ICU-AW. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation may decrease comorbidity and improve quality of life.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Hans Jessen Panner, 1871–1930
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Skjennald Arnulf
Published: May 2021

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Danish radiologist Hans Jessen Panner, whose name is connected to the medical eponym Panner's disease.
Advanced method for electrical characterization of carrier-selective passivating contacts using transfer-length-method measurements under variable illumination
Authors: Senaud L.-L. , Procel P. , Christmann G. , Descoeudres A. , Geissbühler J. , Allebé C. , Badel N. , Wyss P. , Boccard M. , Isabella O. , Zeman M. , Nicolay S. , Despeisse M. , Ballif C. , Paviet-Salomon B.
Published: May 2021

Carrier-selective passivating contacts have been demonstrated to be crucial to reach the practical efficiency limit of single junction, crystalline silicon (c-Si) based solar cells. Yet, the electrical transport losses affecting the collection of photogenerated carriers remain to be addressed. To this aim, different methodologies and characterization techniques are currently used. In this contribution, we propose the concept of shell as a new terminology to describe carrier-selective passivating contacts. Then, we present a novel characterization methodology using transfer length method (TLM) measurement under variable illumination to investigate the charge-carrier transport in amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) n-type contact stacks. We use technology computer-aided design simulation to model a TLM structure and to identify the physical phenomena and the key parameters affecting the contact resistivity (ρc) and the charge carrier accumulation of such contact stacks. Then, the simulation results are compared with experimental data by performing variable-illumination TLM measurements of actual SHJ n-type contact stacks. Specifically, we demonstrate that illumination has a strong impact on the measured ρc value, highlighting the importance of measuring ρc under maximum power point conditions for a relevant characterization of solar cell transport losses. In addition, we investigate the dependence of ρc to a change in the injected carrier density within the c-Si bulk to compare the illumination responses of different SHJ n-type contact stacks. In the quest for maximal efficiency, this method may insightfully complete other characterization techniques to further understand and study the electrical transport in solar cells.
Studies of photoexcitations in polymer/non-fullerene blend for high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Khanal Dipak Raj , Lafalce Evan , Valy Vardeny Z.
Published: May 2021

We studied the photoexcitations properties in the blend of PBDB-T-SF, a donor π-conjugated copolymer, and ITIC-2F, a non-fullerene acceptor molecule, which is used as an active layer in high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells. We used several steady-state spectroscopies such as photoinduced absorption (PIA), photoluminescence (PL), magneto-photoinduced absorption (MPA), and magneto-PL in the pristine and blend films. The PIA spectra of the pristine copolymer and acceptor films contain a photoinduced absorption (PA) band due to triplet excitons, which is confirmed by the MPA(B) response, whereas the PIA spectrum of the copolymer/molecule blend contains several PA bands due to polaron pairs at the copolymer chain/molecule interfaces. Interestingly, when exciting the PIA spectrum of the blend at two different photon energies, namely, ℏω≈2.39 eV that preferentially excites the copolymer chains and ℏω≈1.58 eV that excites only the acceptor molecules, we found that the PIA spectra are the same. This shows that charge photogeneration is possible when exciting either the copolymer chains or the acceptor molecules, which might explain the high power conversion efficiency of OPV cells based on this blend. We also found from the MPA(B) responses of the pristine copolymer and acceptor films and their blend that the back reaction of the photogenerated polaron pairs into the copolymer forming triplet excitons is absent, further explaining the high power conversion efficiency of this blend as the active layer in OPV solar cells.
The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-Ι
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Chen Yingshi , Li Yuzhuang , Huang Feng , Luo Baohong , Yuan Yaochang , Xia Baijin , Ma Xiancai , Yang Tao , Yu Fei , Liu Jun , Liu Bingfeng , Song Zheng , Chen Jingliang , Yan Shumei , Wu Liyang , Pan Ting , Zhang Xu , Li Rong , Huang Wenjing , He Xin , Xiao Fei , Zhang Junsong , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2021

Significance

We report that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its ORF8 protein as a unique mechanism to alter the expression of surface MHC-Ι expression to evade immune surveillance. Our study is significant for providing an understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and will provide additional perspective to the intensive ongoing investigation into the mechanism and function of T cell antiviral immunity in COVID-19.
Arctic soil patterns analogous to fluid instabilities
Authors: Glade Rachel C. , Fratkin Michael M. , Pouragha Mehdi , Seiphoori Ali , Rowland Joel C.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Slow-moving arctic soils form patterns resembling those found in common fluids, such as paint and cake icing drips. Inspired by fluid instabilities, we develop a conceptual model for soil patterns and use mathematical analysis to predict their wavelength. In particular, we propose that soil patterns arise due to competition between gravity and cohesion or the “stickiness” of soil grains. We compare our theoretical predictions with a dataset of soil features from Norway, finding that soil patterns are controlled by fluid-like properties as well as climate. Our work provides a physical explanation for a common pattern on both Earth and Mars, with implications for our understanding of landscapes and complex materials composed of both granular and fluid components.
The development of locative relative markers
Authors: Ballarè Silvia , Inglese Guglielmo
Published: May 2021

The accessibility hierarchy was first proposed byKeenan & Comrie (1977)to describe the cross-linguistic distribution of relative markers in terms of likelihood of relativization of different syntactic roles. The hierarchy is also commonly believed to reflect constraints on possible changes in the domain of relativization. For example, the hierarchy predicts that locative relatives that develop into general relativizers should expand their functional range in a step-by-step fashion from lower to higher roles. In this paper, we revise existing claims about the diachrony of locative relatives. In doing so, we survey known cases of locative relatives that develop into general relativizers and we also discuss data from linguistic variation in non-standard varieties in European languages, with a focus on social variation in Italian. As we argue, data from Italian suggests that another possible cline of development of locative relatives should be acknowledged, that is,locative > concern > subject.
Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur phytoplasma).
Authors: Quaglino Fabio
Published: May 2021

Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria of the class Mollicutes, which inhabit the phloem sieve tubes of plants and have been associated with several hundred diseases affecting economically important crops. Over the past few decades 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', belonging to the 16SrXII-A ribosomal subgroup, has been found to cause a range of plant diseases in different agro-ecosystems in many countries in Europe and the eastern Mediterranean area and a number of others all over the world. It is thought likely that it has always been present, at least in its European range, but has only been noticed in recent years. Diseases caused include bois noir in grapevines, stolbur in tomatoes, potatoes and other wild and cultivated plants, maize redness, lavender decline, and yellowing, reddening, decline, dwarfism, leaf malformation and degeneration diseases of other plants. 'Ca. P. solani' is usually transmitted from plant to plant by the polyphagous insect vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae) which, although it can complete its life cycle on only a small number of plant species, feeds on a much wider range. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of additional insect vectors of this phytoplasma in Europe, such as Reptalus panzeri in Serbia, possibly R. quinquecostatus in Serbia and France, and Anaceratagallia ribauti in Austria. This scenario highlights the extreme complexity of the ecology of both 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' and its insect vectors, underlying the difficulty in studying the epidemiology of diseases associated with this pathogen and in developing efficient control strategies. 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' is also transmitted by parasitic plants and by grafting and vegetative propagation of infected host plants; it can be spread when host plants are transported by people. In the European Union it is listed as a harmful organism necessitating restrictions on the import of plants in the family Solanaceae.
Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: May 2021

C. scoparius is a perennial shrub that has been widely commercialized as an ornamental in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It is a prolific seeder that escaped from cultivation and has become an invasive species and a serious weed in temperate areas of the United States, Canada, Hawaii, Chile and Argentina, the eastern halves of both islands of New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), India, Iran, Japan and South Africa (Holm et al., 1979; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992; Hosking et al., 1998; Peterson and Prasad, 1998; Isaacson, 2000). C. scoparius is an aggressive fast-growing invader with the capability to grow forming dense impenetrable monospecific stands that degrade native grasslands, forests, rangelands, and agricultural lands; prevent the regeneration of natural forests and prairies; and create fire hazards (Syrett et al., 1999; USDA-NRCS, 2016). Because of its association with nitrogen fixing bacteria, it is very competitive in areas with poor soils and can alter the nutrient cycling of invaded areas (Peterson and Prasad, 1998).
Limax maximus (leopard slug).
Authors: Barker Gary
Published: May 2021

L. maximus is a large slug, not widely recognized as invasive, but often viewed as a plant pest. It has become widely distributed through human agencies, continues to spread in at least some regions, and has often been regarded as a pest of cultivated plants and mushrooms. Herbivory has been recorded on some native plant species, and it can contribute significantly to leaf litter decomposition. It is an intermediate host of nematodes parasitic in mammals, and known to interact with some native mollusc species. L. maximus has not, however, been recognized as threatening ecosystems, habitats or species or having major economic consequences. Most concern about L. maximus has been expressed in the Hawaiian Islands, where the species has established in upland forests and recent experimental work suggests significant effects on seedling recruitment for forest trees (Joe, 2006; Joe and Daehler, 2008) and on leaf litter decomposition rates (Meyer et al., 2013). The implications are that these effects may lead to ecosystem-level changes, but definitive evidence for this is presently lacking. There is also developing interest in possible ecosystem consequences of L. maximus [and other adventive slugs] in forests of North America. Recent experimental work suggests effects on seedling recruitment for forest trees, especially balsam fir (Abies balsamea) but definitive evidence for ecosystem-level changes is presently lacking. L. maximus is not listed as threatened in any part of its native range, reflecting the continuing abundance of the species in both natural and modified habitats.
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose).
Authors: Parker Chris
Published: May 2021

L. hyssopifolia is an extremely widespread weed of rice and wetlands across three continents. Holm et al. (1979) record it as a 'serious' or 'principal' weed in Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia, Nigeria and Trinidad, and common in Colombia and the Philippines. More recent publications confirm its importance in Malaysia (Begum et al., 2008) and in Sri Lanka (Chandrasena, 1987). While usually no more than 1 m high, it can grow to 3 m in height according to some authorities. Although there is some uncertainty over its native distribution, it is recorded as introduced and invasive on several Pacific islands, including Fiji, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Upolu (Western Samoa) and Christmas Island (HEAR, 2012). It is thus an aggressive weed of rice and of wetlands that poses a real threat to these ecologies. It has recently been identified as a 'new invader' in Spain (Ferrer and Laguna, 2009; Ferrer et al., 2009). Although this may be a slight exaggeration of its status there it does apparently have the ability to naturalise well north of its current distribution.
Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod).
Authors: Popay Ian , Parker Chris
Published: May 2021

S. canadensis is an erect rhizomatous perennial plant native to North America which has spread throughout a number of European countries after its introduction as an ornamental. Moron et al. (2009) say that this species and the closely related species, S. gigantea have been among the most successful invasive species in Europe. It continues to be available from mail-order catalogues and websites of commercial nurseries and botanical gardens and as such further introduction of this species are likely. It is an undesirable invader on account of its large rhizomes, vigorous growth and allelopathic effects which lead to gross changes in the native vegetation and fauna. It is easily controlled by cultivation but difficult to control in natural areas due to its long persistence.
Quad-polarization reconfigurable holographic artificial impedance surface based on liquid crystal at terahertz band
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Jia Lin
Published: May 2021

A novel quad-polarization reconfigurable holographic artificial impedance surface that exploits the tunable dielectric permittivity of nematic liquid crystal is proposed. The arc-shaped strip is introduced and serves as the fundamental element, and further combined with holographic modulation, electromagnetic radiation at the terahertz band is realized. By partitioning the circular surface into several sectors, studies show that just two impedance values for each sector are enough to reconfigure among different polarizations. The presented demonstrator has a radius of 4.3λ
0, where λ
0 is the wavelength in free space at 1.25 THz, and is excited by a monopole. It can be dynamically reconfigured among vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and left-hand circular polarization at the boresight.
Computer simulation of microstructure development in powder-bed additive manufacturing with crystallographic texture
Authors: Pauza J G , Tayon W A , Rollett A D
Published: May 2021

Parts produced via laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing exhibit complex microstructures that depend on processing variables and often vary widely in crystallographic texture and grain morphology. The need to understand, predict, and control these microstructural variations motivates the development of modeling tools capable of accurately predicting LPBF microstructures. Monte Carlo (MC) Potts models have been employed to successfully model the formation of grain structures in additively manufactured parts but have lacked the ability to simulate crystallographic texture. We present an extension of the MC Potts model that assigns an orientation to each grain and penalizes growth of solid into the fusion zone based on proximity of the nearest 〈100〉 crystal direction to the local temperature gradient direction. This allows for crystallographically selective growth to drive texture formation during the development of the solidification microstructure in each melt track. LPBF builds of alloy 718 with a unidirectional scan pattern provided microstructures with substantial variations in grain size, grain morphology, and texture. These distinctive albeit atypical microstructures were used to validate the simulation method, i.e. good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental grain shapes and textures.
Metal and insulator states of SU(6) × SU(2) clusters of fermions in one-dimensional optical lattices
Authors: Gordillo M C
Published: May 2021

We studied the behavior of mixtures of 173Yb (with symmetry up to SU(6)) and 171Yb (up to SU(2)) fermionic isotopes loaded in one-dimensional (1D) optical lattices. To do so, we solved the Schrödinger equation describing different systems using a diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We considered continuous Hamiltonians in which the interactions between atoms of different species (isotopes and/or spins) were modeled by contact potentials with parameters derived from their experimental scattering lengths. This implies that we can find both attractive and repulsive interactions between fermion pairs in the same cluster. The strength of those interactions can be changed by varying the transverse confinement, leading to different cluster behaviors. Only balanced clusters, i.e. with the same number of 173Yb and 171Yb atoms were considered. We found that the standard state for these clusters is a metallic-like one with different populations of 173Yb–171Yb molecule-like pairs in each optical lattice potential well. However, for big enough clusters, insulator-like states are also possible.
Cobaya: code for Bayesian analysis of hierarchical physical models
Authors: Torrado Jesús , Lewis Antony
Published: May 2021

We present , a general-purpose Bayesian analysis code aimed at models with complex internal interdependencies.

Without the need for specific code by the user, interdependencies between different stages of a model pipeline are exploited for sampling efficiency: intermediate results are automatically cached, and parameters are grouped in blocks according to their dependencies and optimally sorted, taking into account their individual computational costs, so as to minimize the cost of their variation during sampling, thanks to a novel algorithm.

Cobaya allows exploration of posteriors using a range of Monte Carlo samplers, and also has functions for maximization and importance-reweighting of Monte Carlo samples with new priors and likelihoods.

Cobaya is written in Python in a modular way that allows for extendability, use of calculations provided by external packages, and dynamical reparameterization without modifying its source.
It can exploit hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallelization, and has sub-millisecond overhead per posterior evaluation.

Though Cobaya is a general purpose statistical framework, it includes interfaces to a set of cosmological Boltzmann codes and likelihoods (the latter being agnostic with respect to the choice of the former), and automatic installers for external dependencies.
Modeling galaxies in redshift space at the field level
Authors: Schmittfull Marcel , Simonović Marko , Ivanov Mikhail M. , Philcox Oliver H.E. , Zaldarriaga Matias
Published: May 2021

We develop an analytical forward model based on perturbation theory to predict the redshift-space galaxy overdensity at the field level given a realization of the initial conditions.
We find that the residual noise between the model and simulated galaxy density has a power spectrum that is white on large scales, with size comparable to the shot noise.
In the mildly nonlinear regime, we see a k2μ2 correction to the noise power spectrum, corresponding to larger noise along the line of sight and on smaller scales.
The parametric form of this correction has been predicted on theoretical grounds before, and our simulations provide important confirmation of its presence.
We have also modeled the galaxy velocity at the field-level and compared it against simulated galaxy velocities, finding that about 10% of the galaxies are responsible for half of the rms velocity residual for our simulated galaxy sample.
All-optical shaping non-conventional beams based on spatial cross-phase modulation
Authors: Pan Yujia , Lyu Ziyao , Wang Changshun
Published: May 2021

All-optical shaping non-conventional beams are demonstrated experimentally by means of spatial cross-phase modulation in the solution of azo-containing material. We report here that an annular beam is able to be generated and manipulated through a light-control-light system, including a focused controlling beam and a parallel controlled beam. As the intensity of controlling light is enhanced above the threshold, the circular dark core turns to a triangular shape gradually. The formation of the polygonal dark core is mainly attributed to the nonaxis-symmetrical thermal convection in the solution sample induced by the heat of controlling light, which breaks the symmetry in vertical direction of the refractive index distribution. In addition, when the controlled light is convergent, a series of concentric rings instead of annular beam is obtained. The formation of two kinds of non-conventional beams is discussed in terms of the conical distribution of the changed reflective index. This all-optical beam shaping reveals potential applications in optical limiting, all-optical modulation, optical trapping, etc.
High temporal contrast ultrashort pulses generated by nonlinear ellipse rotation in multipass cells
Authors: Pajer Viktor , Kalashnikov Mikhail
Published: May 2021

The simultaneous nonlinear spectral broadening and temporal cleaning of ultrashort pulses by the combination of the multipass cell (MPC) technique and nonlinear ellipse rotation are proposed and investigated with numerical simulations. The performance of the gas-filled MPC is studied at 800 and 1030 nm central wavelengths with mJ energy level. The results indicate that at least 103 contrast enhancement is feasible with 50% internal efficiency while the beam quality is preserved during propagation. At the same time, nonlinear spectral broadening allows for a more than five-fold temporal compression. The technique is tested at 20 mJ energy and it is presumably suitable for the generation of high contrast, high energy few-cycle pulses, too.
Single-mode antiresonant terahertz fiber based on mode coupling between core and cladding*
Authors: Sun Shuai , Shi Wei , Sheng Quan , Fu Shijie , Yan Zhongbao , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Junxiang , Shi Chaodu , Zhang Guizhong , Yao Jianquan
Published: May 2021

Based on the index-induced mode coupling between the higher-order mode in core and the fundamental mode in cladding tubes, the single-mode operation can be realized in any antiresonant fibers (ARFs) when satisfying that the area ratio of cladding tube and core is about 0.46:1, and this area ratio also should be modified according to the shape and the number of cladding tubes. In the ARF with nodal core boundary, the mode in core also can couple with the mode in the wall of core boundary, which can further enhance the suppression of high-order mode. Accordingly, an ARF with conjoint semi-elliptical cladding tubes realizes a loss of higher-order mode larger than 30 dB/m; simultaneously, a loss of fundamental mode loss less than 0.4 dB/m.
Deconvolution with hybrid parameterizations for radio emission reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Li , Xu Long , Mi Li-Gong , Zhang Ming , Liu Xiang , Wang Feng , Ruan Yun-Jun , Li Dan-Yang
Published: May 2021

Deconvolution is used to eliminate imperfections in the point spread function, such as sidelobes caused by incomplete sampling of radio telescopes, and is a key technology for radio synthesis imaging. Modern telescopes have such high sensitivities that the observed celestial images may contain both compact and diffuse emission. This essentially requires deconvolution technology to have the ability to model both. In this paper, a deconvolution algorithm based on hybrid parameterization is proposed for the rapid reconstruction of complex celestial structures. In this algorithm, scale-free parameterization is utilized to reconstruct compact emission, while multi-scale parameterization is employed to reconstruct diffuse emission. Simulated data representing Square Kilometre Array (SKA) observations with realistic celestial brightness distributions are applied to test the performance of the algorithm. Our experiments show that, compared with other state-of-the-art deconvolution algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper can reconstruct complex celestial structures well and provide competitive reconstruction results while greatly improving the reconstruction speed.
Simulation of the orbit and spin period evolution of the double pulsars PSR J0737-3039 from their birth to coalescence induced by gravitational wave radiation
Authors: Liu Peng , Yang Yi-Yan , Zhang Jian-Wei , Rah Maria
Published: May 2021

The complete orbital and spin period evolutions of the double neutron star (NS) system PSR J0737–3039 are simulated from birth to coalescence, which include the two observed radio pulsars classified as primary NS PSR J0737–3039A and companion NS PSR J0737–3039B. By employing the characteristic age of PSR J0737–3039B to constrain the true age of the double pulsar system, the initial orbital period and initial binary separation are obtained as 2.89 h and 1.44 × 106 km, respectively, and the coalescence age or the lifetime from the birth to merger of PSR J0737–3039 is obtained to be 1.38 × 108 yr. At the last minute of coalescence, corresponding to the gravitational wave frequency changing from 20 Hz to 1180 Hz, we present the binary separation of PSR J0737–3039 to be from 442 km to 30 km, while the spin periods of PSR J0737–3039A and PSR J0737–3039B are 27.10 ms and 4.63 s, respectively. From the standard radio pulsar emission model, before the system merged, the primary NS could still be observed by a radio telescope, but the companion NS had crossed the death line in the pulsar magnetic-field versus period (B – P) diagram at which point it is usually considered to cease life as a pulsar. This is the first time that the whole life evolutionary simulation of the orbit and spin periods for a double NS system is presented, which provides useful information for observing a primary NS at the coalescence stage.
Observation of solar coronal heating powered by magneto-acoustic oscillations in a moss region
Authors: Hashim Parida , Hong Zhen-Xiang , Ji Hai-Sheng , Shen Jin-Hua , Ji Kai-Fan , Cao Wen-Da
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we report the observed temporal correlation between extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission and magneto-acoustic oscillations in an EUV moss region, which is the footpoint region only connected by magnetic loops with million-degree plasma. The result is obtained from a detailed multi-wavelength data analysis of the region with the purpose of resolving fine-scale mass and energy flows that come from the photosphere, pass through the chromosphere and finally heat the solar transition region or the corona. The data set covers three atmospheric levels on the Sun, consisting of high-resolution broad-band imaging at TiO 7057 Å and the line of sight magnetograms for the photosphere, high-resolution narrow-band images at helium i 10830 Å for the chromosphere and EUV images at 171 Å for the corona. The 10830 Å narrow-band images and the TiO 7057 Å broad-band images are from a much earlier observation on 2012 July 22 with the 1.6 meter aperture Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and the EUV 171 Å images and the magnetograms are from observations made by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) or Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We report the following new phenomena: (1) Repeated injections of chromospheric material appearing as 10830 Å absorption are squirted out from inter-granular lanes with a period of ∼ 5 minutes. (2) EUV emissions are found to be periodically modulated with similar periods of ∼ 5 minutes. (3) Around the injection area where 10830 Å absorption is enhanced, both EUV emissions and strength of the magnetic field are remarkably stronger. (4) The peaks on the time profile of the EUV emissions are found to be in sync with oscillatory peaks of the stronger magnetic field in the region. These findings may give a series of strong evidences supporting the scenario that coronal heating is powered by magneto-acoustic waves.
Fine-grained distributed averaging for large-scale radio interferometric measurement sets
Authors: Wei Shou-Lin , Luo Kai-Da , Wang Feng , Deng Hui , Mei Ying
Published: May 2021

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) would be the world’s largest radio telescope with eventually over a square kilometre of collecting area. However, there are enormous challenges in its data processing. The use of modern distributed computing techniques to solve the problem of massive data processing in the SKA is one of the most important challenges. In this study, basing on the Dask distribution computational framework, and taking the visibility function integral processing as an example, we adopt a multi-level parallelism method to implement distributed averaging over time and channel. Dask Array was used to implement super large matrix or arrays with supported parallelism. To maximize the usage of memory, we further exploit the data parallelism provided by Dask that intelligently distributes the computational load across a network of computer agents and has a built-in fault tolerance mechanism. The validity of the proposed pattern was also verified by using the Common Astronomy Software Application (CASA), wherein we analyze the smearing effects on images reconstructed from different resolution visibilities.
Portable adaptive optics for exoplanet imaging
Authors: Zhu Yong-Tian , Dou Jiang-Pei , Zhang Xi , Zhao Gang , Guo Jing , Infante Leopoldo
Published: May 2021

The portable adaptive optics (PAO) device is a low-cost and compact system, designed for 4- meter class telescopes that have no adaptive optics (AO) system, because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegrain focus and the historically high cost of conventional AO. The initial scientific observations of the PAO are focused on the direct imaging of exoplanets and sub-stellar companions. This paper discusses the concept of PAO and the associated high-contrast imaging performance in our recent observational runs. PAO deliver a Strehl ratio better than 60% in H band under median seeing conditions of 1″. Combined with our dedicated image rotation and subtraction (IRS) technique and the optimized IRS (O-IRS) algorithm, the averaged contrast ratio for a 5 ≤ V
mag ≤ 9 primary star is 1.3 × 10−5 and 3.3 × 10−6 at angular distance of 0.36″ with exposure time of 7 minutes and 2 hours, respectively. PAO has successfully revealed the known exoplanet of κ And b in our recent observation with the 3.5-meter ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory. We have performed the associated astrometry and photometry analysis of the recovered κ And b planet, which gives a projected separation of 0.984″ ± 0.05″, a position angle of 51.1° ± 0.5° and a mass of

10.15

−
1.255

+
2.19

M

Jup

. These results demonstrate that PAO can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with medium-sized telescopes.