bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: A Prodrug Stimulant for the Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adults
Authors: Mattingly Gregory
Published: July 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly genetic neuropsychiatric disorder that can cause impairment at school, work, home, and in social relationships. Once considered a childhood disorder, as many as 65% of children with ADHD continue to exhibit symptoms into adulthood. While a mainstay of ADHD patient care, immediate-release stimulant use has been constrained by concerns about safety, tolerability, and issues related to nonmedical use and abuse. These concerns have prompted interest in developing modified versions or new delivery systems for stimulants. Prodrugs have been used in pharmaceutical development to optimize delivery of an active drug or to minimize toxicity. Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive compounds that require in vivo conversion to release therapeutically active medications. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is an inactive, water-soluble prodrug in which d-amphetamine is bonded to l-lysine, a naturally occurring amino acid. After oral ingestion, LDX is metabolized into l-lysine and active d-amphetamine. This review of LDX presents the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile of this novel stimulant medication, and is intended to help clinicians understand its role in treating children and adults with ADHD.
Emotional reactions to people with mental illness
Authors: Angermeyer Matthias C. , Holzinger Anita , Matschinger Herbert
Published: July 2016

Aims– Based on findings from population surveys, we provide an overview of the public's emotional reactions to people with mental illness.Methods– A literature search for populations studies using measures of emotional response to people with mental illness was carried out. In addition, data on the public's emotional reactions, originating from representative surveys conducted in Germany in the years 1990, 1993 and 2001, were analysed.Results– Positive emotional reactions to people with mental illness are most prevalent, followed by fear and anger. This pattern appears relatively stable across different cultures. In recent years, the emotional response of the public remained unchanged or even deteriorated. The public seems to react quite differently to people with different mental disorders. Emotional reactions have a substantial effect on the desire for social distance. The association between familiarity with mental disorder and the desire for social distance is to a considerable extent mediated through emotions.Conclusions– The public's emotional reactions to people with mental disorder are relatively under-researched. More research may help better understand the complexities of the stigma surrounding mental illness. Interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of mental illness may benefit from paying more attention to emotions.
Rights, Reflection, and Reciprocity: Implications of the Same-Sex Marriage Debate for Tolerance and the Political Process
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Lewis Andrew R. , Jelen Ted G.
Published: July 2016

Contentious battles over state-level Religious Freedom Restoration Acts suggest a fundamental refashioning of the “culture war” clashes in American politics. Conservatives — particularly religious conservatives — have come to champion a politics of rights, using “liberal weapons” (rights) to win battles or at least stave off loses. This raises important questions about the long-run effects of making rights claims. Does rights claiming lead to balkanization and reinforce group boundaries or is rights claiming an education in the democratic process that promotes tolerance? Drawing on evidence from an experimental design, we find that exposure to rights claims made by clergy regarding exemptions from participation in same-sex ceremonies acts as a prime to boost tolerance of selected least-liked groups, an effect particularly potent for evangelical Protestants.
Quantification of free auxins in semi-hardwood plant cuttings and microshoots by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction/microwave derivatization and GC/MS analysis
Authors: Porfírio Sara , Sonon Roberto , Gomes da Silva Marco D. R. , Peixe Augusto , Cabrita Maria J. , Azadi Parastoo
Published: July 2016

Several studies have suggested that differences in the natural rooting ability of plant cuttings could be attributed to differences in endogenous auxin levels.
A highly efficient aggregation-induced emission fluorescent sensor for copper(ii) in aqueous media
Authors: Li Dongmi , Li Juanjuan , Duan Ying , Zhao Bangtun , Ji Baoming
Published: July 2016

A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for Cu2+ in THF/H2O 1 : 9.
Determination of optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Pistacia atlantica leaves using the response surface methodology
Authors: Ben Ahmed Ziyad , Yousfi Mohamed , Viaene Johan , Dejaegher Bieke , Demeyer Kristiaan , Mangelings Debby , Heyden Yvan Vander
Published: July 2016

Response surface methodology in combination with a Box–Behnken design was performed to optimize the extraction conditions, resulting in a maximum total phenolic content yield from Pistacia atlantica leaves.
Side chain variations radically alter the diffusion of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) functionalised nanoparticles through a mucosal barrier
Authors: Mansfield Edward D. H. , de la Rosa Victor R. , Kowalczyk Radoslaw M. , Grillo Isabelle , Hoogenboom Richard , Sillence Katy , Hole Patrick , Williams Adrian C. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V.
Published: July 2016

Functionalised nanomaterials are useful as drug delivery vehicles and, in particular, mucus penetrating nanoparticles may improve drug bioavailability via the oral route.
Pyridylphosphinate metal complexes: synthesis, structural characterisation and biological activity
Authors: Cross Jasmine M. , Gallagher Natalie , Gill Jason H. , Jain Mohit , McNeillis Archibald W. , Rockley Kimberly L. , Tscherny Fiona H. , Wirszycz Natasha J. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Walton James W.
Published: July 2016

A series of 25 new pyridylphosphinate metal complexes has been synthesised and assessed for biological behaviour.
A pyridinium modified β-cyclodextrin: an ionic supramolecular ligand for palladium acetate in C–C coupling reactions in water
Authors: Khan Raihana Imran , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: July 2016

An ionic Pd(ii) complex stabilized by a water soluble pyridinium modified β-cyclodextrin was prepared and characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS (dynamic light scattering).
Synthesis of bio-based epoxy monomers from natural allyl- and vinyl phenols and the estimation of their affinity to the estrogen receptor α by molecular docking
Authors: Zago Erika , Dubreucq Eric , Lecomte Jérôme , Villeneuve Pierre , Fine Frédéric , Fulcrand Hélène , Aouf Chahinez
Published: July 2016

Potential substitutes of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were synthesized by the metathesis reaction of glycidylated biobased phenolic compounds.
2D molybdenum disulphide (2D-MoS2) modified electrodes explored towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Fearn Jamie M. , Brownson Dale A. C. , Smith Graham C. , Ji Xiaobo , Banks Craig E.
Published: July 2016

2D molybdenum disulphide nanosheets have proven to be an effective electrocatalyst, particularly towards the oxygen reduction reaction and reactions associated with hydrogen fuel cells.
Preparation, characterization and bioavailability of oral puerarin nanoparticles by emulsion solvent evaporation method
Authors: Zhang Yin , Li Yong , Zhao Xiuhua , Zu Yuangang , Wang Weiguo , Wu Weiwei , Zhong Chen , Wu Mingfang , Li Zhao
Published: July 2016

In this paper, puerarin (PUE) was nanocrystallized by emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) method, followed by freeze-drying. The solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of PUENs were significantly improved compared with raw PUE.
One-pot controllable synthesis of carboxylic group functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres for efficient cisplatin delivery
Authors: Jomeh Farsangi Z. , Beitollahi A. , Hatton B. D. , Sarkar S. , Jaafari M. R. , Rezayat M. , Amani A. , Gheybi F.
Published: July 2016

A simple one-pot synthesis and functionalization of HMSNs with COOH as a sustained and controlled release drug delivery system.
Uptake of Fe(iii), Ag(i), Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) by salicylic acid-type chelating resin prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Zhang Juncai , Chen Youning
Published: July 2016

With chloromethylated PS being the base material, a new type of ASA/PGMA/PS resin with high capacity was prepared by grafting GMA on the surface of the resin via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and followed by the derivatization with 5-ASA.
Supported palladium nanoparticles-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling approaches to aryl alkynes, indoles and pyrrolines synthesis
Authors: Reddy C. Bal , Bharti Richa , Kumar Sandeep , Das Pralay
Published: July 2016

The polystyrene supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticles catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of arylhalides and alkynyl carboxylic acids was developed for the synthesis of diaryl alkynes, indoles and pyrrolines.
Oxide planar p–n heterojunction prepared by low temperature solution growth for UV-photodetector applications
Authors: Lupan O. , Koussi-Daoud S. , Viana B. , Pauporté T.
Published: July 2016

A type II p-NiO/n-ZnO planar heterojunction is prepared at low temperature by electrodeposition. The all-oxide heterostructure is applied to soft-UV detection at low voltage with good performances.
Fe, S co-doped anatase TiO2nanotubes as anodes with improved electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Fang Jing , Liu Wenwen , Yu Fan , Qin Furong , Wang Mengran , Zhang Kai , Lai Yanqing
Published: July 2016

Fe, S co-doped TiO2nanotubes are synthesized by a sol–gel and subsequent chemical process, exhibiting improved electrochemical performance for LIBs.
Synergistic effects between [Emim]PF6and aluminum hypophosphite on flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Chen Xilei , Ma Cuiyong , Jiao Chuanmei
Published: July 2016

Synergistic flame retardancy of ionic liquid ([Emim]PF6) and AHP on TPU has been studied. AHP was used as the main flame retardant and [Emim]PF6was used as the catalytic/synergistic agent.
Solar-thermochromism of a hybrid film of VO2 nanoparticles and CoII–Br–TMP complexes
Authors: Zhu J. T. , Huang A. B. , Ma H. B. , Bao S. H. , Ji S. D. , Jin P.
Published: July 2016

This work reports a VO2/CoII–Br–TMP hybrid film with excellent optical performance and an evident temperature-dependent colour change.
Fluorinated antimony(v) derivatives: strong Lewis acidic properties and application to the complexation of formaldehyde in aqueous solutions
Authors: Tofan Daniel , Gabbaï François P.
Published: July 2016

Lewis acidic fluorinated organoantimony(v) derivatives have been combined with phosphines for the complexation and colourimetric sensing of formaldehyde in biphasic water/CH2Cl2 mixtures.
Fluoride substitution in sodium hydride for thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Humphries T. D. , Sheppard D. A. , Rowles M. R. , Sofianos M. V. , Buckley C. E.
Published: July 2016

The solid-state solutions of NaHxF1−x(x= 1, 0.95, 0.85, 0.5) have been investigated to determine their potential for thermal energy applications.
Geometrically controlled organic small molecule acceptors for efficient fullerene-free organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Hadmojo Wisnu Tantyo , Nam So Youn , Shin Tae Joo , Yoon Sung Cheol , Jang Sung-Yeon , Jung In Hwan
Published: July 2016

Incorporation of a 2,5-difluorobenzene (F2B) moiety provides a unique structure with improved molecular ordering and blend morphology, giving a PCE reaching 5% using an F2B-containing acceptor (F2B-T2PDI) whereas using a counterpart acceptor gave only 3.63%.
The synthesis of narrow-band red-emitting SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+phosphor and improvement of its luminescence properties
Authors: Cui Dianpeng , Xiang Qianchuan , Song Zhen , Xia Zhiguo , Liu Quanlin
Published: July 2016

We have provided and optimized a synthetic route to SrLiAl3N4phosphor. BaF2flux plays a critical role to improve room temperature and temperature-dependent spectra due to the enhancement of crystallinity.
Experimental analysis of a novel and low-cost pin photodiode dosimetry system for diagnostic radiology
Authors: Nazififard Mohammad , Suh Kune Y. , Mahmoudieh Afshin
Published: July 2016

Silicon PIN photodiode has recently found broad and exciting applications in the ionizing radiation dosimetry. In this study a compact and novel dosimetry system using a commercially available PIN photodiode (BPW34) has been experimentally tested for diagnostic radiology. The system was evaluated with clinical beams routinely used for diagnostic radiology and calibrated using a secondary reference standard. Measured dose with PIN photodiode (Air Kerma) varied from 10 to 430 μGy for tube voltages from 40 to 100 kVp and tube current from 0.4 to 40 mAs. The minimum detectable organ dose was estimated to be 10 μGy with 20% uncertainty. Results showed a linear correlation between the PIN photodiode readout and dose measured with standard dosimeters spanning doses received. The present dosimetry system having advantages of suitable sensitivity with immediate readout of dose values, low cost, and portability could be used as an alternative to passive dosimetry system such as thermoluminescent dosimeter for dose measurements in diagnostic radiology.
A method for distinguishing between propagons, diffusions, and locons
Authors: Seyf Hamid Reza , Henry Asegun
Published: July 2016

The majority of intuition on phonon transport has been derived from studies of homogenous crystalline solids, where the atomic composition and structure are periodic. For this specific class of materials, the solutions to the equations of motions for the atoms (in the harmonic limit) result in plane wave modulated velocity fields for the normal modes of vibration. However, it has been known for several decades that whenever a system lacks periodicity, either compositional or structural, the normal modes of vibration can still be determined (in the harmonic limit), but the solutions take on different characteristics and many modes may not be plane wave modulated. Previous work has classified the types of vibrations into three primary categories, namely, propagons, diffusions, and locons. One can use the participation ratio to distinguish locons, from propagons and diffusons, which measures the extent to which a mode is localized. However, distinguishing between propagons and diffusons has remained a challenge, since both are spatially delocalized. Here, we present a new method that quantifies the extent to which a mode's character corresponds to a propagating mode, e.g., exhibits plane wave modulation. This then allows for clear and quantitative distinctions between propagons and diffusons. By resolving this issue quantitatively, one can now automate the classification of modes for any arbitrary material or structure, subject to a single constraint that the atoms must vibrate stably around their respective equilibrium sites. Several example test cases are studied including crystalline silicon and germanium, crystalline silicon with different defect concentrations, as well as amorphous silicon, germanium, and silica.
High coercivity in Mn-Ga-Cu alloys
Authors: Saito Tetsuji , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke
Published: July 2016

Mn-Ga-Cu alloys were produced by melt-spinning and subsequent annealing. The coercivity of the Mn-Ga-Cu alloys was dependent on the Cu content and the annealing conditions. The coercivity of the Mn65Ga20Cu15 alloy annealed at 573 K for 10 h, iHc = 23.8 kOe, was comparable to that of rare-earth-based magnets. The hard magnetic phase of the Mn65Ga20Cu15 alloy was found to be fine D022-Mn3Ga grains, formed from the fcc phase during annealing.
Laboratory experiments in the argon plasma perturbed by injections of the electronegative gases
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Cao Jin-xiang , Liu Yu , Yu Peng-cheng , Zhang Zhong-kai
Published: July 2016

In this study, laboratory observations of the perturbations of the magnetic field are reported due to the injection of attachment chemicals (CF4, SF6, and CO2) into argon plasmas. Besides the well-known electron density reduction, we also observed magnetic field perturbation in the experiment. The measured induced voltage Ḃ, which is taken as a proxy of the time-changing electromagnetic field, fluctuates in the boundary layer between the ambient plasmas and negative ions plasmas. Perturbations of the magnetic field were investigated by changing the ambient pressure and ratio of attachment chemicals. The measured Ḃ keeps increasing in these lower pressures; but it no longer increases as the ambient pressure higher than a threshold, e.g., for CF4, SF6, and CO2, the transition pressure is 6Pa, 5Pa and 4Pa, respectively. The magnitude of the Ḃ increase with the change of the ratio of release flow until at higher ratios, e.g., 40%. We transformed these time-sampled data into the frequency domain and found coherent modes with fundamental frequencies lying in the lower hybrid range. In addition, these coherent frequencies show a frequency drift with the increase of the contents of the negative ions. These modes were suggested as the magnetic component of electron-ion hybrid mode. This work has an important application in the study of artificially-created ionospheric depletion which is usually generated by releasing of attachment chemicals in the upper atmosphere.
Growth performance, carcass traits, behaviour and welfare of New Zealand White rabbits housed in different enriched cages
Authors: Mohammed Hesham , Nasr Mohammed
Published: July 2016

The present study investigated the effect of gnawing sticks as environmental enhancers on the performance, carcass traits and behaviour of individually housed growing rabbits. Two batches of weaned New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were used, each consisting of 135 animals. Rabbits were homogeneously classified into the following three groups, each consisting of 45 rabbits: rabbits housed individually in cages without enrichment (control), rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from apple tree and rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from willow tree. Rabbits reared in enriched cages with apple or willow sticks showed a significantly (P < 0.0001) better performance (live bodyweight at slaughter 2526 and 2591 g, total weight gain 1620 and 1683 g, average daily gain 21.04 and 21.87 g and daily feed intake 78.57 and 74.89 g respectively), and had a higher carcass weight (1648.39 and 1750.26 g respectively, P < 0.0001) than did the control group. Rabbits in apple-stick group had a higher daily feed intake (78.57 g, P < 0.0001) and lower carcass weight (1648.39 g, P < 0.0001) than did those in the willow-stick group. The cortisol concentration was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in apple and willow groups (9.44 ± 0.02 and 9.35 ± 0.02 nmol/L respectively) than in the control group (17.24 ± 0.03 nmol/L). Moreover, cage enrichment with apple or willow sticks improved the duration of feeding (7.08 and 7.39 min/3 h respectively, P < 0.0001) and drinking (2.54 and 2.67 min/3 h respectively, P < 0.0001) time, and reduced abnormal behaviour (biting the bars of the cage 0.24 and 0.34 min/3 h respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with the control group. Overall, the current results indicated that cage enrichment (with wooden sticks from apple or willow trees for gnawing) increased the final bodyweight and some carcass traits, reduced abnormal behaviour and potentially improved rabbit welfare during intensive rabbit breeding.
Using multi-dimensional analysis to explore cross-linguistic universals of register variation
Authors: Biber Douglas
Published: July 2016

Multi-dimensional analyses have been conducted for many different discourse domains and many different languages. Using bottom-up statistical analyses, these studies have investigated specific patterns of register variation in several different discourse domains of English, as well as the more general patterns of register variation in many different languages. Each study identifies linguistic dimensions that are peculiar to that particular language/domain. However, the more theoretically interesting finding is that linguistically similar dimensions emerge in nearly all of these studies. Two of these dimensions are especially robust, making them strong candidates for universal dimensions of register variation: (1) a fundamental opposition between clausal/‘oral’ discourse vs. phrasal/‘literate’ discourse, and (2) the opposition between narrative vs. non-narrative discourse. The present paper introduces the methodology of multi-dimensional analysis and surveys the research studies carried out to date, with an emphasis on these potentially universal patterns of register variation.
Discourse-structuring functions of initial adverbials in English and Norwegian news and fiction
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde
Published: July 2016

This chapter explores the discourse-structuring functions of initial adverbial adjuncts in English and Norwegian news and fiction. Such discourse functions have to do with discourse linking and information management. The corpus study reveals frequency differences in the use of initial adjuncts across the languages, which are to some extent connected with an overall greater frequency of adjuncts in Norwegian. While initial adjuncts in fiction often signal cohesive relations, those in news are more typically due to backgrounding of less important information or to framing/scene-setting for the clause message. Norwegian initial adjuncts are even less likely than English ones to convey new information; on the other hand, initial position is to a lesser extent associated with contrastive focus in Norwegian. This, together with the higher frequency of initial adjuncts in Norwegian, suggests that initial placement of adjuncts carries a lower degree of markedness in Norwegian than in English.
Canonical tag questions in English, Spanish and Portuguese
Authors: Gómez González María de los Ángeles
Published: July 2016

This chapter compares and contrasts the patterns of variation exhibited by canonical tag questions ((C)TQs) in English (e.g. ‘That’s enough, isn’t it?’) with those presented by their analogous constructions in Spanish (Es suficiente, ¿no?/ ¿verdad?) and Portuguese (É suficiente, não é?/não?) across a variety of spoken genres that represent the monologic-dialogic, formal-informal and private-public oppositions. The aim is to provide previously lacking comparative statistics that emerge from this trilingual comparison along four parameters: (i) frequencies, (ii) formal features, (iii) distribution across genres, and (iv) functional characteristics. It will be observed that English CTQs are less frequent than analogous constructions in Spanish and particularly in Portuguese. A tag/polarity-based scale will also be proposed in which Portuguese situates itself at one extreme in displaying the widest array of variant and invariant tag types; at the other extreme is Spanish allowing for invariant tags only, whereas English occupies a middle position as it admits both invariant and variant tags but the latter exhibit less variability in kind than their Portuguese counterparts. Lastly, it will be shown that English CTQs display less distributional and functional flexibility than the analogous constructions in the two Romance languages under analysis.
Correlates of object clauses in German and Dutch
Authors: Sudhoff Stefan
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with usages of the German pronoun es (and its counterpart het in Dutch) as a correlate of extraposed object clauses. It is argued (i) that es is the head of an argument DP and takes the embedded clause as its complement; (ii) that there are two types of matrix predicates, one of them being compatible with correlate-es, the other one incompatible; and (iii) that correlate-es has to be distinguished from an anaphoric use of the pronoun es that is possible in constructions with both types of matrix predicates, but has different contextual requirements.
Phonological, morphosyntactic and semantic properties of es
Authors: Zimmermann Ilse
Published: July 2016

The contribution deals with the German multifunctional item es and its suppletive forms dessen, dem and da(r). Their phonological, morphosyntactic and semantic lexical properties are considered and represented in corresponding lexical entries. The focus of attention is on the interrelation of the anaphoric and cataphoric functions of es and its role in sentence embedding. As far as possible, a unified syntactic and semantic analysis is given. As for the pro-form and the correlate es, I follow the differentiation of two matrix-predicate classes made by Sudhoff (2003) and try to add necessary distinctions and semantic considerations. For some types of matrix-predicates lexical representations are proposed. It is assumed that the correlate has an obligatory propositional argument, while the pro-forms es, dessen, dem, and da(r) occur separately or are accompanied by an apposition. The extraposition of the propositional argument of the correlate takes place for phonological and/or computational reasons and is not visible, semantically. In contrast, explicative constituents of pronouns and pro-forms can be base-generated right-dislocated to the matrix-sentence and are semantically correlated with their antecedent. The same seems true for cleft-constructions. It is discussed what it means to supply embedded clauses with nominal character. In this connection, a comparison is made between DPs with a pronominal head and DPs with a determiner and a lexical head with regard to their role in the embedding of clauses.
On the syntax of exceptive constructions in Egyptian Arabic*
Authors: Soltan Usama
Published: July 2016

The goal of this paper is twofold: First, it provides a descriptive account of the syntactic properties of Egyptian Arabic exceptive phrases headed by the particle ʔillaa. Second, it proposes an analysis of these syntactic properties in terms of Hoeksema’s (1987) seminal distinction between connected exceptives (CEs) and free exceptives (FEs). More specifically, CEs are argued to be coordinated DPs within a mono-clausal structure, whereas FEs are argued to be coordinated CPs which undergo ellipsis. The analysis is shown to account for the distribution of exceptive phrases in the language, and is supported by empirical facts related to cases of non-elliptical FEs, similarities with ellipsis phenomena, occurrence of speaker-oriented adverbials, and effects of the parallelism constraint on FEs.
Losing your case? Dative experiencers in Mexican Spanish and heritage speakers in the United States
Authors: Montrul Silvina
Published: July 2016

This chapter examines the gradual loss of dative case marking with dative experiencer verbs among Spanish heritage speakers of Mexican-American origin, first generation adult immigrants from Mexico, and two control groups of Spanish native speakers from Mexico tested in Mexico. According to the results of the written production task, heritage speakers and adult immigrants tend to omit the “a” with gustar-type verbs whereas the native speakers from Mexico do not omit a-marking in written production. Interestingly all bilingual groups, and even several native speakers from Mexico accepted ungrammatical sentences without a-marking in the acceptability judgment task. These results suggest that the erosion of dative case marking with dative experiencer subjects is a tendency already present in the monolingual variety. Although incomplete acquisition and attrition due to insufficient input and use may lead to an eventually different grammar in first and second generation immigrants, the results of this study support the claim that a language contact situation accelerates changes already in progress in monolingual varieties (Silva-Corvalán, 1994). ungrammatical sentences without a-marking in the acceptability judgment task
Online courses for heritage learners
Authors: Giglio Henshaw Florencia
Published: July 2016

Online and hybrid courses for second language (L2) learners have become increasingly popular among higher-education institutions. However, technology-enhanced heritage language (HL) courses remain the exception, likely due to the scarcity of computer-delivered materials that meet the needs of HL learners. This chapter describes a fully-online Spanish composition course for HL learners developed and implemented at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, during Spring Semester of 2014. In addition to describing the course components and student performance, the chapter also examines the advantages and challenges of online courses for HL learners in terms of meeting practical, pedagogical, and affective needs. Suggestions are made for curricular design of online courses or sections for HL learners, especially at institutions that do not have a large enough population of HL learners to offer separate L2/HL tracks.
Analysis of the changing relationship between peer acceptance and academic achievement in adolescents / Análisis de la relación variable entre la aceptación entre iguales y el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes
Authors: Gallardo Laura O. , Barrasa Angel
Published: July 2016

Peer interactions in the context of group-level relationships have significant consequences on social adjustment across the lifespan of children and adolescents. Indeed, peer relations change systematically with individuals’ development. This study examined the effect of positive peer interactions measured as peer acceptance on academic achievement during the adolescence developmental stage. Participants were 766 students aged 11–16 years old. Adolescents completed a sociometric measure of peer acceptance. Academic achievement data were obtained from students’ report card grades. Regression analyses indicated that peer acceptance predicted academic achievement, and also a moderation effect was found displaying a higher impact of peer acceptance on academic achievement for younger adolescents than for older adolescents. It is suggested that improving peer relationships within the group, especially at early adolescence, can be a target of intervention to improve academic functioning at school.
Aggression and Social Anxiety Are Associated with Sexual Offending Against Children
Authors: Kanters Thijs , Hornsveld Ruud H. J. , Nunes Kevin L. , Zwets Almar J. , Buck Nicole M. L. , Muris Peter , van Marle Hjalmar J. C.
Published: July 2016

The current study examined a number of risk factors that are thought to be related to sexual offending. More specifically, we investigated differences in self-reported aggression, anger, hostility, social anxiety, and social skills between child sexual abusers ( n = 28), rapists ( n = 36), and nonsexual violent offenders ( n = 59) who were detained under hospital order. In addition, differences between inpatient ( n = 28) and outpatient child sexual abusers ( n = 61) on the pertinent constructs were evaluated. Consistent with our expectations, we found that child sexual abusers reported themselves as lower on the aggression-related measures and higher on social anxiety than nonsexual violent offenders. In contrast with our hypotheses, however, the results also indicated that the inpatient child sexual abusers reported lower levels of aggression, anger, hostility, and social anxiety than the outpatient child sexual abusers. The observed differences between child sexual abusers, rapists, and nonsexual violent offenders are generally consistent with theories about the etiology of sexual abuse. The differences between the inpatient and outpatient child sexual abusers were not in the expected direction, but may be due to a number of methodological limitations of this research.
Solid‐State Bioprocessing with Cordyceps militaris Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and DNA Damage Protection of Red Beans (Phaseolus angularis)
Authors: Xiao Yu , Zhang Bo , Chen Yulian , Miao Junqing , Zhang Qiuqin , Rui Xin , Dong Mingsheng
Published: July 2016

In this study, red beans were bioprocessed by using a novel solid‐state fermentation (SSF) with an edible and medical filamentous fungus Cordyceps militaris. The effect of SSF on the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protection of red beans was determined. Furthermore, solvents with different polarities (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone, and deionized water) were used to extract antioxidant compounds from the red bean samples. The results indicated that SSF significantly enhanced TPC, 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation scavenging activity, reducing power, and chelating ability of red beans. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that fermented red beans exhibited greater protection against oxidative DNA damage than nonfermented red beans. Besides, the water extract of fermented red beans showed the highest TPC, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protection among the various extracts examined. For the specific phenolics profile, HPLC analysis was performed, which showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, daidzein, quercetin, and genistein of red beans were increased during SSF. There was a positive correlation among phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protection. Thus, this study demonstrated that SSF with C. militaris is an effective method for the enhancement of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protection of red beans.
Mating-Type Gene Structure and Spatial Distribution ofDidymella tanacetiin Pyrethrum Fields
Authors: Pearce Tamieka L. , Scott Jason B. , Hay Frank S. , Pethybridge Sarah J.
Published: July 2016

Tan spot of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is caused by the ascomycete Didymella tanaceti. To assess the evolutionary role of ascospores in the assumed asexual species, the structure and arrangement of mating-type (MAT) genes were examined. A single MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph was identified in all isolates examined, indicating that the species is heterothallic. The idiomorphs were flanked upstream and downstream by regions encoding pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase-like and DNA lyase-like proteins, respectively. A multiplex MAT-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to genotype 325 isolates collected within two transects in each of four fields in Tasmania, Australia. The ratio of isolates of each mating-type in each transect was consistent with a 1:1 ratio. The spatial distribution of the isolates of the two mating-types within each transect was random for all except one transect for MAT1-1 isolates, indicating that clonal patterns of each mating-type were absent. However, evidence of a reduced selection pressure on MAT1-1 isolates was observed, with a second haplotype of the MAT1-1-1 gene identified in 4.4% of MAT1-1 isolates. In vitro crosses between isolates with opposite mating-types failed to produce ascospores. Although the sexual morph could not be induced, the occurrence of both mating-types in equal frequencies suggested that a cryptic sexual mode of reproduction may occur within field populations.
Behavioral lessons from Flipkart’s Big-Billion Day sale
Authors: Jayakumar Tulsi
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the behavioral lessons and managerial implications of deep discount strategies used by e-commerce firms to gain a competitive advantage over rivals. The paper seeks to understand the behavioral aspects of consumer and competitor response to such online sales, particularly with reference to e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. The case study seeks to: understand the behavioral aspects of utility and customer satisfaction; understand the behavioral aspects influencing customer attitudes, preferences and choice; understand heuristics involved in consumer decision-making; and understand possible firm strategies based on a thorough analysis of behavioral influencers of customer decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper follows a case study approach. Secondary data sources from the library, company website and newspaper articles have been used to build a case which would encourage students to discuss and analyze the application of principles of behavioral economics to marketing problems faced especially by e-retailers. It uses Flipkart’s botched-up Big-Billion Day sale to drive home lessons in behavioral economics to marketers.

Findings

With growing internet penetration, e-retail presents high potential in India along with its BRICS peers. However, the task of grabbing customer mindshare, as also a share of wallet of the growing Indian purchasing power through monster discounts and deals by e-tailers may not work. Firms such as Flipkart may strategize using principles of behavioral economics including confirmatory bias, framing effects, reference points, principles of loss aversion, heuristics and the peak–end rule to influence customer decision-making in their favor. They must also guard against any incidents/events which invoke the representativeness heuristic or negative confirmatory biases towards e-commerce portals.

Practical implications

E-tailers in countries like India should understand the behavioral implications of deep discount strategies and deals offered by them as a means of gaining competitive advantage. Attention to e-service outcome quality and e-service recovery is important.

Originality/value

The case is unique in its applications of behavioral economics principles to e-retailing in India. It seeks to apply behavioral principles to a major e-commerce marketing event in India. With the e-commerce industry likely to boom in India, the case study provides unique insights into competitive pricing strategies adopted by e-retailers and the feasibility thereof.
City clusters and break-out in corporate competitiveness
Authors: Momaya Kirankumar S.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the patterns of location of key activities for break-out in corporate competitiveness. The key objective is to identify linkages that may exist among the location of corporate center activities, innovation capabilities and the break-out.

Design/methodology/approach

Patterns of location of corporate center across the world have been explored first, using sample data from Global 500. For the context of innovation and India, two polar locations were selected. The patterns in the growth of focal firms from the locations were evaluated using select competitiveness criteria such as revenues, profits and assets, based on data of a larger sample from Global 2000.

Findings

Findings support the view on “role of location with innovation clusters” such as Bangalore, particularly for competitiveness of born global firms. Surprisingly, Mumbai has increased its percentage share of contributions in terms of revenues and profits, indicating sustenance of cluster, entrepreneurial and other advantages.

Practical implications

Considering the enormous scope for enhancing contributions of emerging-country multinational enterprises to the world economy, decisions related to break-out in competitiveness are critical. Depending on strategic intent and the role of innovation and internationalization, firms can take better decisions related to the location of specific corporate activities to foster multinational enterprise (MNE) competitiveness.

Social implications

The findings may inspire key stakeholders to take decisions that enhance sustainability of city clusters and communities.

Originality/value

Analyzing the role of location of key corporate activities, for the phenomenon “break-out to higher stages of competitiveness”, is a unique contribution. These concepts and findings can be of high value to firms and MNEs thinking long term about location or relocation of corporate center activities, particularly for innovation.
Optical steganography transmission of optical CDMA signals over a public BPSK channel
Authors: Yen Chih-Ta , Huang Guan-Jie
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new optical steganography framework that can be applied to public optical binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) systems by transmitting a stealth spectrum-amplitude-coded optical code-division multiple-access signal through a BPSK link.

Design/methodology/approach

– By using high-dispersion elements, the stealth data pulses temporally stretch and the amplitude of the signal decreases after stretching. Thus, the signal can be hidden underneath the public signal and system noise. At the receiver end, a polarizer is used for removing the public BPSK signal and the stealth signal is successfully recovered by a balanced detector.

Findings

– In a simulation, the bit-error rate (BER) performance improved when the stealth power increased.

Research limitations/implications

– The BER performance worsens when the noise power become large. Future work will consider increasing the system performance during high-noise power situation.

Practical implications

– By properly adjusting the power of the amplified spontaneous emission noise, the stealth signal can be hidden well in the public channel while producing minimal influence on the public BPSK signal.

Originality/value

– In conclusion, the proposed optical steganography framework makes it more difficult for eavesdroppers to detect and intercept the hidden stealth channel under public transmission, even when using a dispersion compensation scheme.
School leaders and transformational leadership theory: time to part ways?
Authors: Berkovich Izhak
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– After decades in which transformational leadership theory has prevailed as the dominant paradigm in leadership scholarship, critical voices have started raising serious concerns about its falsifiability, suggesting that transformational leadership theory should be abandoned. Although transformational leadership is a key to conceptualizing ideal school leadership, the discourse did not find its way into the education field. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The essay combines a review of the critique of the falsifiability of the transformational leadership theory with a discussion of the utility and fit of the theory.

Findings

– On the 25th anniversary of transformational leadership theory, the author suggest to the educational administration community not to abandon transformational leadership, but to address its shortcomings and look toward future challenges as the community contemplates the promises the theory holds for the field.

Originality/value

– The essay examines the current status of the transformational leadership theory in the field of educational administration and offers an interpretative critique.
Non-compliance of licence holders towards disclosure based regulation in Malaysian securities markets
Authors: Yeon Asmah Laili , Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine non-compliance of licence holders towards disclosure-based regulation in Malaysian securities markets in relation to the implementation of the disclosure-based regulation.

Design/methodology/approach

This survey was conducted among 107 principal and representative licensees registered with the Securities Commission of Malaysia. They consist of licensed dealers, investment advisers and fund managers. The majority of the respondents were capital markets and services representative licensees, while only 17 respondents were capital markets and services licensees.

Findings

The survey indicates that non-compliance occurs because of lack of ethical values and orientation of the players in the industry. In addition, non-compliance was also reported to occur due to lack of understanding of law and regulations, inefficient company’s surveillance, control and internal monitoring programmes and weaknesses in the implementation and enforcement of law. Other reasons include greed (wanting to be rich quickly), selective application of the law, complicity between offenders and regulators, slow judicial processes and high legal cost for victims to pursue compensation.

Practical implications

As the enforcement agency, Securities Commission should further enhance efforts to monitor and enforce the law of capital markets. On the other hand, the courts have to impose fines on criminals based on the extent of the losses investors have suffered by investors and on the effects of the crime on market stability. More importantly, ethics training should be carried out to license holders by the relevant bodies and agencies in the securities market.

Originality/value

This paper provides measures on how to curb the unethical behaviour by carrying out ethics training and introducing new rules and regulations for the industry.
Physician leadership in e-health? A systematic literature review
Authors: Keijser Wouter , Smits Jacco , Penterman Lisanne , Wilderom Celeste
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to systematically review the literature on roles of physicians in virtual teams (VTs) delivering healthcare for effective “physician e-leadership” (PeL) and implementation of e-health.

Design/methodology/approach

The analyzed studies were retrieved with explicit keywords and criteria, including snowball sampling. They were synthesized with existing theoretical models on VT research, healthcare team competencies and medical leadership.

Findings

Six domains for further PeL inquiry are delineated: resources, task processes, socio-emotional processes, leadership in VTs, virtual physician-patient relationship and change management. We show that, to date, PeL studies on socio-technical dynamics and their consequences on e-health are found underrepresented in the health literature; i.e. no single empirical, theoretic or conceptual study with a focus on PeL in virtual healthcare work was identified.

Research limitations/implications

E-health practices could benefit from organization-behavioral type of research for discerning effective physicians’ roles and inter-professional relations and their (so far) seemingly modest but potent impact on e-health developments.

Practical implications

Although best practices in e-health care have already been identified, this paper shows that physicians’ roles in e-health initiatives have not yet received any in-depth study. This raises questions such as are physicians not yet sufficiently involved in e-health? If so, what (dis)advantages may this have for current e-health investments and how can they best become involved in (leading) e-health applications’ design and implementation in the field?

Originality/value

If effective medical leadership is being deployed, e-health effectiveness may be enhanced; this new proposition needs urgent empirical scrutiny.