bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative planetology
Authors: Stevenson D. J.
Published: October 2011

Perhaps the most striking broad implication of what we have learned from the data that have been returned from planetary missions is that planetary processes are diverse and complex. Scientists are challenged to extend the dynamic range of their models and theories and are often forced to recognize that each planet or satellite is special. Nevertheless, the principles of physics are common to all these objects, and the emerging outcome of this challenge is a better understanding of how planets work and a better appreciation of the earth as a planet. The comparative approach to planets, although sometimes frustrating, is invaluable and was the focus of a meeting held at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, June 5–7, 1985.
Gombel's Hypothesis regarding the origin of manganese nodules
Authors: Berger Wolfgang H.
Published: October 2011

The Bavarian geologist Gümbel (Figure 1) was the first German scientist to study manganese nodules in some detail (1878). Gümbel studied nodules from expeditions of both the Gazelle and the Challenger, which operated in the North Pacific at the same time (1875), and he gave detailed descriptions. He generated a remarkable range of ideas to explain the origin of the nodules and concluded that most or all of the iron and manganese in deep ocean ferromanganese concretions have their source in submarine vents that emit gas and hot water. It seems that his choice between different hypotheses was strongly influenced by his experience with metal‐bearing hot springs on land and his convictions regarding mechanisms of ore formation in general. In any case, contemporary experts did not find his reasoning compelling. Gümbel's hypothesis was essentially forgotten until it was recreated in the middle of this century.
Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Research
Authors: Intriligator Devrie S.
Published: October 2011

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Solar‐Terrestrial Research (CSTR) of the Board of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate is charged with looking after the “health of solar‐terrestrial research” in the United States. CSTR was established in 1965 for the purposes of

responding to requests from government agencies for scientific advice on projects or programs in solar‐terrestrial research,

providing a mechanism for organizing cooperative projects among U.S. scientists,

taking initiatives in scientific planning as needed, and

coordinating U.S. researches with those in other countries.
Nominations sought for VGP Award
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Nominations are being sought for the 1986 VGP Award, which will be presented at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. T h e award is given for a single outstanding contribution to volcanology, geochemistry, or petrology made during the preceding 5 yr. The contribution may be a single outstanding paper published in any journal ; a series of papers that, taken together, are an outstanding contribution; or any other contribution that the selection committee considers worthy.

The award may be given to a maximum of five or a minimum of zero individuals in any calendar year. Multiple awards may be either shared awards or separate awards, as appropriate. Any member of the scientific community is eligible for the award. The selection committee is encouraged to seek out scientists whose work has not been recognized by the receipt of other awards, but this charge is not a restriction on the award.
1986 AGU Spring Meeting Baltimore, Maryland May 19”May 22
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Geodynamics program review has been integrated into sessions with the AGU Geodesy, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, Seismology, and Tectonophysics sections. Sessions containing papers that authors wished to identify as part of the Geodynamics Theme are highlighted in blue on the meeting summary chart.
ODP solicits Pacific research proposals
Authors: Buffer Richard
Published: October 2011

The new Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is now well underway, using the drillship JOIDES Resolution (SEDCO/BP 471). Eight legs have been drilled, and the results so far have been excellent.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is responsible for overseeing ODP and provides the U.S. contribution to the internationally funded program. In addition, NSF provides support for U.S. drilling‐related science activities. The total ODP U.S. science budget for FY 1986 is $6.8 million. Over 50% of this funding goes to support certain activities:

regional or topical planning workshops initiated by U.S. scientists,

attendance by U.S. scientists at Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) panel meetings,

shipboard participation by U.S. scientists,

postcruise scientific studies related to publication of initial reports, and

the U.S. Science Advisory Committee.
Sessions focus on groundwater
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Geologists are coming to realize that the movement of water underground may contribute to a wider variety of classical geologic processes than had previously been imagined. Many now believe that earthquakes, landslides, and the formation of deposits of oil and minerals are among those processes that are strongly influenced by the action of groundwater. T h e role of groundwater flow in geologic processes will be the focus of a special Union‐wide, interdisciplinary session on the morning of Monday, May 19, at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. Additional sessions on the subject will be held by the Hydrology Section that afternoon; on Tuesday morning, May 20; and in a poster session on Tuesday afternoon.
AGU Authorship Policy
Authors: Zwickl Ron
Published: October 2011

Over the last 2 decades the size and complexity of experiments have grown enormously in the area of space science, with the result that large teams of scientists are often formed to help design and build a given instrument. Simultaneously, a large number of research studies have evolved from the simple examination of one's own data to detailed studies involving multidisciplinary data sets. The end result is the publication of an incredible number of papers with a large number of coauthors.

The central idea behind a given research topic usually orginates from one, two, or sometimes three people. Yet data from several different experiments are often required to bring the idea to fruition. This necessitates interaction with other scientists, whose contributions are often useful in strengthening and clarifying the theme of the paper. Thus the originators and the contributors have both played a part in the saga. Yet do both groups deserve equal billing? In the case of the cooriginators, they are often cast adrift among the sea of coauthors, where little credit is usually given. Is this a fair policy?
SESAC statement on shuttle accident
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Space and Earth Science Advisory Committee (SESAC) of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC) shares NASA's and the nation's grief in the loss of the Challenger crew—seven exceptional individuals whose lives were dedicated to some of our country's loftiest goals. Over the years, these dedicated individuals and their fellow astronauts have worked closely with the scientific community to ensure that the scientific aspects of the United States space program would be productive in the era of the space shuttle. Through their efforts, the value of manned space flight for accomplishing important research in several areas of space science has been unambiguously demonstrated. Further, as space science has become increasingly an international enterprise, the capabilities of the space shuttle have become central to much scientific planning worldwide.
More views on the two‐career couple
Authors: Sancetta Connie
Published: October 2011

The Education and Human Resources Committee sponsored a panel session on “The Two‐Career Couple” during the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting. Panelists were Gerard and Patricia Fryer (Hawaii Institute of Geophysics (HIG), Honolulu), Richard and Christina Scott (Acurex, Inc. and Earth Sciences Associates, Palo Alto), and Catherine Nigrini (private consultant, La Habra, Calif.). The panelists were asked to outline the stages in their personal and professional lives and to discuss the lessons they felt that they had learned and the advice that they wish others had given them. About 40 people attended the session; more than half of them were men, many of whom appeared to be mid‐career professionals.
IRIS: A program for the next decade
Authors: Smith Stewart W.
Published: October 2011

The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Consortium has produced an ambitious plan for new seismological research facilities to be developed during the coming decade. The plan reflects a broad consensus among seismologists in this country with respect to both the need for improved data and the potential for significant scientific advances that can occur as a result. The three elements of this program are a 100‐station broadband global network utilizing satellite telemetry, a 1000‐station portable network of advanced digital seismographs, and a national center for management and distribution of the data generated by these networks to the research community. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the long‐range plan and an update as to the progress made to date.
1986 Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 1986 Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union will be held in Baltimore, Md., May 19–22, 19986, at the Baltimore Convention Center.
Mineral growth
Authors: Anderson Orson L.
Published: October 2011

Mineral physics, like its sister disciplines geochemistry, petrology, and crystallography, is a derivative of the old discipline of mineralogy. At the turn of the century, mineralogy was one of the strongest pillars in the European University, but it was weakened by the loss of these branches, which declared their independence as they matured. One of the most important roots of solid state physics also branched off from 19th‐century mineralogy.

Yet solid state physics, bound securely in the Physics Department, developed in a way that took it further and further from the interests of geological sciences. In the late 1960s, it became evident that a gap existed in laboratory and theoretical geophysics that was not filled by the then‐existing disciplines of solid state physics or mineralogy. To fill this gap, it was required that the principles of solid state physics be applied to minerals of especial interest to geophysics.
Science week: May 11”17
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

National Science Week, an event launched last year by the National Science Foundation (NSF), will be observed thi s year from May 11 to May 17, 1986. In support of this effort, NSF is urging individuals or organizations to sponsor science and math competitions or fairs, arrange "open house" events at research facilities, organize educational programs and scientific demonstrations, and arrange or participate in other activities. National Science Week is intended to increase public awareness and understanding of science and technology and to encourage young people in the United States to become more involved with and consider careers in science and mathematics. Educational packets will be made available to schools, public libraries, and science museums. The corporate sponsors of National Science Week are the Amoco Foundation, the Atlantic Richfield Foundation, the Dow Chemical Company Foundation, the DuPont Company, the Eastman Kodak Company, the General Electric Foundation, and IBM. For more information, write to National Science Week '86, c/o National Science Foundation, 1800 G Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20550 (telephone: 1‐800‐227‐SEEK).
Modeling the oceanic general circulation
Authors: Dewar William K. , Rhines Peter B.
Published: October 2011

An area of intense recent interest in physical oceanography and geophysical fluid dynamics is the theoretical and numerical analysis of the circulation of the oceans at planetary scales. While this has always been a tantalizing area, it has been a particularly active area in the last few years. Many of the basic ideas behind the modern baroclinic circulation theories appeared in the early 1980s in a series of papers by Peter Rhines (Univer sity of Washington (UW), Seattle) and William Young (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)) [Rhines and Young, 1982a,b; Young and Rhines, [1982] and Jim Luyten, Joe Pedlosky, and Henry Stommel (all of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, Mass.) [Luyten et al., 1983]. Several other investigators have considered a variety of problems since then, and a considerable number of important contributions have been made.
[Comment on “Changes in relative sea level”] Changes in sea level: The question of secular motion
Authors: Dickman S. R.
Published: October 2011

I am writing this note in reference to one paragraph of a generally interesting report, “Changes in Relative Mean Sea Level’ [by the IAPSO Advisory Committee on Tides and Mean Sea Level], which appeared in the November 5, 1985 issue of Eos [p. 754]. In this paragraph the authors question the nature and even existence of the secular motion of the earth's rotation pole. The paragraph states that because of supposed extreme irregularities in the observed (ILS) motion, “it may even be that the entire apparent secular motion of the pole is an artifact of systematic efforts [this word should probably read ‘errors’] in the ILS” data.
Some hazards and catastrophes: Recognition and mitigation
Authors: Smith Joseph V.
Published: October 2011

Because some hazards to the human race embrace the technical competence of the American Geophysical Union, a Union session entitled “Some Hazards and Catastrophes: Recognition and Mitigation” will be held at the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md, Tuesday morning, May 20.

Scientific study of natural hazards has already been shown to be valuable to society and indeed has already been the subject of many AGU sessions. However, most programs of hazard reduction have been underfunded and restricted to only a few parts of the world. It is time to examine all natural hazards in the widest possible context of public affairs and to determine how a bold international effort would benefit the human race.
Page charges for AGU journals
Authors: Holoviak Judy C.
Published: October 2011

Income from publications supports the overall operations of AGU. In 1985, 81% of AGU's income came from publications, and only 63% of AGU's direct expenses were attributable to publishing and the management of the publications. The net of the publication‐derived income and expense supports educational and other programs that are essential to a scientific society but that produce no income.

The second largest source of revenue for the Union is page charge income. In 1985, income from page charges was $1.9 million. The largest single source of revenue is institutional subscriptions, at $3.4 million in 1985. Figure 1 shows sources of revenue and expense in 1985.
Australian “Mega Rip” Study
Authors: Cowell Peter J.
Published: October 2011

Large‐scale rip currents (or “mega rips”) driven by high‐energy waves are of particular interest in two projects underway at the Coastal Studies Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, with support from the Marine Sciences and Technologies Scheme of the Australian government. One of these projects is on inner continental shelf sedimentation (the Sydney Sediment Study, or SSS), and the other is on Australian shorefaces (the Australian Shoreface Program, or ASP, which commenced officially in 1986). This interest derives from the need to determine the relative contribution of processes responsible for the seaward transfer of water and sediment across the shoreface and onto the inner continental shelf. The two most important processes in this regard are mega rips and wind‐generated downwelling currents, both of which become most active during storms.
Retrospective
Authors: Brooks David A.
Published: October 2011

Charting a course toward an uncertain future is always a risky business, especially among shoals of fiscal restraint or national tragedy, and the prudent navigator is well advised to remember where he's been as he looks ahead. The ocean and space sciences are poised for grand joint adventures, but shrinking budgets and the lingering Challenger numbness are restrictive lee shores that must be considered when laying plans. To sharpen the focus on future choices, it may be helpful to glance in the geophysical rearview mirror and remember some of the challenges and opportunities of a different era.

A quarter century is a long time, but many images from 25 years ago can still be recalled in crisp detail, like photographs in a scrapbook. In 1961, results from the International Geophysical Year (IGY) filled the pages of the Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, and the U.S. program of space exploration finally was underway with conviction. The Indian Ocean Expedition, conceived during the IGY, ushered in a new era of international oceanography. The TIROS III satellite beamed to earth fuzzy pictures of tropical storms and revealed the intricate writhings of the Gulf Stream. Forecasters and fluid dynamicists suddenly saw new horizons, and geophysical turbulence became a major topic at the IUGG Symposium in Marseilles, France. Papers with prescient themes were presented at the AGU Ocean Section meeting: June Pattullo (then at Oregon State College, Corvallis) on heat storage in the Pacific; Ferris Webster (then at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass.) on Gulf Stream meanders. Polar oceanography was well represented in AGU journals: Kenneth Hunkins (at what was then called the Lamont Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y.) described the Alpha Rise, discovered from a drifting Arctic ice island, and Edward Thiel (then at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) and his co‐workers discussed open ocean tides, gravimetrically measured from Antarctic ice shelves.
Pacific Northwest election results
Authors: Qamar Anthony
Published: October 2011

Six AGU members have been elected members of the Regional Committee of the AGU Pacific Northwest Region. Their terms are July 1, 1986, to June 30, 1988. The Regional Committee, which directs the activities of the branch, is composed of a representative of each of the AGU sections taking part in branch activities.

Those elected are Robert M. Ellis, Tectonophysics Section; Stephen L. Gillett, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Section; Tark S. Hamilton, Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section; Renner B. Hofmann, Seismology Section; Charles W. Slaughter, Hydrology Section; and Richard E. Thomson, Ocean Sciences Section.
Weather satellite lost in launch accident
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A $57.5‐million weather satellite was lost on May 3, 1986, when the unmanned Delta rocket that carried it went out of control 71 s after liftoff and was destroyed by command from the ground. It was the third consecutive launching failure for the U.S. space program, following the losses of the space shuttle Challenger in January and an Air Force Titan rocket in April.

As Eos went to press, a team of officials from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its contractors were meeting at the Kennedy Space Center (Cape Canaveral, Fla.) to review telemetry data from the launch. Two surges of current were found to have occurred in the electrical system of the rocket's main engine just prior to the engine's shutdown; it was this shutdown that caused the rocket to go out of control.
Science academies sign agreement
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently signed a new agreement for scientific cooperation with the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The 2‐year agreement provides for a program for exchange of research scientists, a program of bilateral scientific workshops, exchange visits by members of both academies, and development of cooperative research activities in nonsensitive fields.

Unlike previous agreements, this one calls for an emphasis on regular meetings of academy officers, invitational visits, and joint selection of participants and mutually beneficial scientific topics for workshops. The new agreement also gives provisions for suspension of “unproductive projects” and for formal evaluation of the program.
Remote instruction in groundwater hydrology
Authors:   staff of the Interactive Remote Instructional System
Published: October 2011

Wright State University (Dayton, Ohio) is preparing for its fourth cycle of the Interactive Remote Instructional System (IRIS) in groundwater hydrology beginning July 15, 1986. The Department of Geological Sciences proudly announces that the first two cycles recorded an impressive 83% completion ratio for registered participants. This completion rate is a significant departure from success rates traditionally recorded by courses of this nature; it is the result of 2 years of implementation and refinement and demonstrates the progressive orientation of the program. The third cycle has been underway since January. This comprehensive hydrogeology program was originally developed for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service to prepare their personnel for professional practice work. As a result of that cooperative effort, the IRIS program has evolved to meet the needs of participants by developing a curriculum that reflects current trends in the groundwater industry and has provided a unique educational approach that ensures maximum interaction between the instructional staff and participants.
Computer intensive statistical methods
Authors: Yakowitz S.
Published: October 2011

The special session “Computer‐Intensive Statistical Methods” was held in morning and afternoon parts at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. Calif. Its mission was to provide a forum for hydrologists and statisticians who are active in bringing unconventional, algorithmic‐oriented statistical techniques to bear on problems of hydrology. Statistician Emanuel Parzen (Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex.) opened the session by relating recent developments in quantile estimation methods and showing how properties of such methods can be used to advantage to categorize runoff data previously analyzed by I. Rodriguez‐Iturbe (Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela). Statistician Eugene Schuster (University of Texas, El Paso) discussed recent developments in nonparametric density estimation which enlarge the framework for convenient incorporation of prior and ancillary information. These extensions were motivated by peak annual flow analysis. Mathematician D. Myers (University of Arizona, Tucson) gave a brief overview of “kriging” and outlined some recently developed methodology.
Land subsidence session
Authors: Holzer Thomas L.
Published: October 2011

A session on land subsidence caused by withdrawal of groundwater was held December 10, 1985, in San Francisco, Calif., at the AGU Fall Meeting. The symposium was organized by William E. Strange (National Geodetic Survey, Rockville, Md.) and Thomas L. Holzer (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Menlo Park, Calif.) and was cosponsored by the AGU Geodesy and Hydrology sections. Nine papers were presented on topics that ranged from evaluations of the suitability of the new satellite‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) to theoretical analyses of land subsidence.

T. N. Narasimhan (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif.) introduced the general subject of subsidence with a review of relevant physical processes. Compaction, although conceptually simple, involves several complexities, including plastic deformation and translation of deep‐seated deformation through the overburden. Sashi Mathur (Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Tex.), in a paper coauthored with M. Yavuz Corapcioglu (City College of New York, New York), analyzed deformation in the unsaturated zone above a falling water table. Their theoretical formulation was able to reproduce results from laboratory studies of sand columns.
Overhead rules may change soon
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has proposed a major change in the way administrative overhead costs are charged to federal research grants. In the February 12 Federal Register, OMB proposed that charges for the administrative portion of overhead costs be limited to 26% of the direct cost of the research, dropping to a 20% limit next year. The revisions would be made in a document called OMB Circular A‐21, which specifies the way in which universities must account for federal research grant money. The proposed change is seen by many university administrators as adding insult to the injury to research funding that they say is caused by Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings, the new law that calls for the federal budget deficit to shrink to zero by 1991 (Eos, January 28, 1986, p. 41).
NASA head sworn in
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

James C. Fletcher was sworn in on May 12, 1986, as administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). At a news conference after he was sworn in, Fletcher said that NASA would deal with both its technical problems and its procedural problems before the shuttle will fly again. According to press accounts, he stressed that funds should be made available to replace the Challenger orbiter, which was lost in an explosion on January 28.

Fletcher, who had also headed the agency from 1971 to 1977, succeeds James M. Beggs, who was indicted in December 1985 for conspiring to defraud the federal government while serving as a senior executive at the General Dynamics Corporation.
Solar‐terrestrial news from NSF
Authors: Peacock Dennis
Published: October 2011

This is a difficult time for solar‐terrestrial (S/T) research. The loss of the shuttle Challenger has disrupted the entire short‐range launch schedule at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings (GRH) Deficit Reduction Act has affected virtually all programs in fiscal year (FY) 1986 and no doubt will affect 1987 and beyond. Then again, every year has its own special problems, and even this year's difficulties could turn to our advantage. For example, GRH has demanded a serious rethinking of budgets and priorities. One outcome of this is the President's budget to Congress in 1987, which requests increases of 8.4% and 8.9% for the National Science Foundation (NSF) and NASA (research and development), respectively.
Deep drilling to the magmatic environment in Long Valley Caldera
Authors: Rundle John B. , Carrigan Charles R. , Hardee Harry C. , Luth William C.
Published: October 2011

Earthquakes, ground uplift, and increased hydrothermal activity are only the most recent examples of the intense tectonic and volcanic activity that has occurred at Long Valley caldera, Calif., over the last 3 million years. A large number of geophysical experiments, conducted by several hundred investigators over the past few years, clearly indicate that a major body of magma exists within the central part of the caldera at drillable depths of 4–5 km. Plans are underway to drill toward and eventually into this magma body.
Astronomy moves, AAEO Becomes GEO
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

As of May 1, 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Astronomical Sciences has become part of the agency's Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS). The astronomy division had been part of the Directorate for Astronomical, Atmospheric, Earth, and Ocean Sciences (AAEO) at NSF. Because of the move, AAEO has been renamed the Directorate for Geosciences, to be abbreviated GEO.
Comparison between satellite image advective velocities, dynamic topography, and surface drifter trajectories
Authors: Emery W. J. , Thomas A. C. , Collins M. J. , Crawford W. R. , Mackas D. L.
Published: October 2011

Recently, many investigators [Kelly, 1983, 1985; LaViolette, 1984; Vastano and Borders, 1984; Vastano and Reid, 19851 have studied the problem of computing surface velocities from high‐resolution infrared satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) patterns. The frequent synoptic coverage of large ocean areas by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar‐orbiting satellites, carrying the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), motivates oceanographers to better utilize these data for studies of surface circulation variability.
Hutchinson Award to Schindler
Authors: O'Brien W. John
Published: October 2011

David William Schindler is the 1985 recipient of the Hutchinson Award, given annually by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. It is awarded to an active scientist in limnology and oceanography in recognition for outstanding research.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:(1) the dissertation title,(2) author's name,(3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution,(4) faculty advisor,(5) month and year degree was awarded,(6) category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
Board advocates more unmanned space missions
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The United States space program should acquire space transportation and launch systems that will allow manned missions to be used when they are “needed and can be most effective” and allow unmanned vehicles to be “the carrier of choice for other missions,” according to a statement released May 21, 1986, by the Space Science Board of the National Research Council (NRC).
International Geomagnetic Reference Field Revision 1985
Authors:   IAGA Division I, Working Group 1
Published: October 2011

The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division I, Working Group 1, deals with the topic “Analysis of the Main Field and Secular Variations.” One of the more important functions of the working group is the periodic revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). The 13 members of the working group have professional interests covering a broad spectrum of geomagnetic science, including the theory and practice of geomagnetic analysis and modeling, the theory of the origin of the magnetic fields of the earth and other bodies, the theory of geomagnetic secular variation, the application of field models in magnetic survey data processing, and geomagnetic charting.
Solar cycle may cause ozone hole
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The so‐called “ozone hole” that is observed over the Antarctic each September and October in recent years may be an indirect result of heightened solar activity during the unusually strong solar cycle that reached its maximum in 1979. If this hypothesis is correct, the decrease in Antarctic ozone concentrations that was noted in the spring time in the southern hemisphere should begin to reverse itself in the next year or two, according to a paper presented at the AGU Spring Meeting by Linwood B. Callis of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va.
Future of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism
Authors: Banerjee S. K. , Cain J. C. , Van der Voo R.
Published: October 2011

After the heady days of the 1960s, when geomagnetism and paleomagnetism provided crucial quantitative evidence for plate tectonics by establishing the geomagnetic polarity timescale, the 1980s may appear to be somewhat tame in the eyes of an average geophysicist. To such a person, the intervening 1970s may well look like a period of “;mopping up” after the big event has happened, and it may not be unfair for him or her to ask what significant discoveries in geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (GP) have been made since 1970. The practitioners in this field of research are individuals who carry out their work without a large degree of formal overlap, so it is not surprising that the same question about recent accomplishments has arisen also in the minds of AGU GP Section members. This question came to the forefront especially during the 1984 AGU Fall Meeting, when members spoke strongly (in private conversations) about a perceived decrease in National Science Foundation funding of GP‐related research projects.
Top sponsors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the first 5 months of 1986, 1081 new members have been elected. The top sponsors, AGU members sponsoring three or more new members, are listed below.
May streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflows during May showed marked contrasts between the southeastern states, where streams from North Carolina to Florida set new record low flows for May, and the Midwest, where streams in Minnesota and Iowa were at record high flows for the same period, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS hydrologists said that 43% (75 stations) of the index streamflow gaging stations across the country reported May flows that were well below average. The majority of these stations are located in the East and Southeast. The remainder of the 173 stations that are monitored each month showed 35% (60 stations) with average flows and 22% (38 stations) with well above average flows. Most of these latter stations were located in the Midwest and Great Plains states.
Groundwater programs assessed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

State and local programs that provide for the protection of groundwater as a resource have greater potential for long‐term success than those that focus on remedial or cleanup action, according to a new report by a National Research Council (NRC) committee that analyzed 10 state groundwater programs and three local programs. In its report, scheduled to be released in mid‐July, the committee concluded that no single program had all of the elements needed to be comprehensive but that many approaches now in use “show much promise in protecting groundwater quality.”
Do we need a geoelectric index?
Authors: Holzworth R. , Volland H.
Published: October 2011

We might put the question slightly differently: What scientific problems require knowledge of the global variability of lower atmospheric electric generators? In this paper, we present our view of the necessity of quantifying global electrical variability and discuss some potential uses of and available methods for producing a geoelectric index.

During this last decade, we have observed an increasing interest in the field of atmospheric electricity. At the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., there were seven half‐day sessions on various aspects of atmospheric electricity—a great increase over past years (see the abstract listings for the Atmospheric Sciences and SPR: Magnetospheric Physics sessions in Eos, November 12, 1985, pp. 815–842 and 1028–1055). This area of interest covers thunderstorm electrification, lightning, and sferics, as well as lightning‐induced magnetospheric effects and solar‐terrestrial electromagnetic coupling. For many aspects of these studies, it would be advantageous to have a number that is a measure of present global electrical activity, such as thunderstorm occurrence, number of lightning events, or ionospheric electric potential relative to the earth [see also Markson and Muir, 1980]. Furthermore, there are many other areas of research that would benefit from a geoelectric index, such as meteorology and atmospheric science.
NSCAT Team selected
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has selected 14 scientists to form the science definition team for scientific studies in oceanography and meteorology using data from the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT). NSCAT is an active microwave instrument designed to measure wind speed and direction near the sea surface.
Acronyms whose time has come
Authors: Sancetta Connie
Published: October 2011

While attending the AGU/ASLO (American Society of Limnology and Oceanography) Ocean Sciences meeting in New Orleans, La., I fell to contemplating the variety of acronyms that occur in geophysical research. As we all know, a catchy acronym is a n essential ingredient of any large research project. While a good start has been made by ingenious colleagues, much more could be done in this direction. I respectfully submit a list of proposed acronyms for future projects in the ocean sciences. Perhaps members of other sections might like to contribute equivalents in their own fields.
NASA nixes Centaur launches from shuttle
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

James C. Fletcher, the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on June 19, 1986, that because of safety considerations, the space shuttle will not be used to launch the Centaur Upper Stage. The Ulysses and Galileo missions, which were originally to have been launched in May 1986, would have been launched from the shuttle with the Centaur rocket (Eos, November 19, 1985, p. 1183; February 4, 1986, p. 57). The Galileo craft is to explore Jupiter; Ulysses is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA that is to orbit the sun around its poles, outside of the “ecliptic plane” where the planets lie. The decision seems likely to delay further the two missions, which were already delayed by the suspension of shuttle launches after the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger on January 28, 1986.
FCC proposes sharing of weather satellite radio bands
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has published a notice of a proposed ruling in the Federal Register that could lead to the licensing of millions of radio transmitters in the 1700–1710‐MHz band. Transmission of data from meteorological satellites may be affected by this proposal: Since 1979, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been using that band for satellite‐to‐earth transmission for the High‐Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) program.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 11(5), May 31, 1986, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E86‐007 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
1986 William Bowie Medal to James C.I. Dooge
Authors: Meier Mark F. , Dooge James C. I.
Published: October 2011

The William Bowie Medal is the highest award bestowed by the American Geophysical Union; it honors outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and unselfish cooperation in research. Today, we present this award to a distinguished hydrologist, Professor James C. I. Dooge, who has just retired from University College, Dublin. Jim Dooge has broken new ground in mathematical hydrology and in the development of scientific programs and cooperation, and in the words of last year's Bowie Medal citation, he has done it all with style.
New telephone numbers at MSFC and AFGL
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Telephone numbers for the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in Huntsville, Ala. and for the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) at Hanscomb Air Force Base, Mass., have recently been changed.

The exchange at MSFC has changed from 453 to 544. For most extensions, the last four digits have also changed. The main switchboard can be reached by dialing 205‐544‐2121.
Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the Formation of Mineral Deposits
Authors: Taylor Bruce E.
Published: October 2011

Colleagues, students, and friends of G. C. Amstutz (University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany) have contributed 54 papers on ore deposits and related phenomena, from the microscopic to the global scale, in honor of his 60th birthday. Most contributions are summaries of earlier work, but there are also some fresh data and ideas in several papers. The length and depth of the contributions are highly variable. The volume is subdivided into the following parts:

General Observations on Syngenesis and Epigenesis (13 papers)

Ores Associated With Clastic Sediments and Their Genetic Origin (12)

Ores Associated With Carbonate Rocks and Their Genetic Origin (19)

Ores Associated Directly With Magmatic Activity and Their Genetic Origin (10)
Explosive cyclogenesis program planned
Authors: Hadlock Ron
Published: October 2011

A research program to study explosive cyclogenesis of Atlantic winter storms is being planned by the Office of Naval Research (ONR; Washington, D.C.) and a team of investigators from universities and other meteorological and oceanographic institutions. The goals of the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones in the Atlantic (ERICA) are

to develop an understanding of the fundamental physical processes in the atmosphere that lead to explosive cyclogenesis at sea,

to identify measurable precursors that can be used for accurate operational dynamical meteorological forecast model predictions, and

to determine the minimum set of these observations that is necessary for accurate forecasts of intense cyclogenesis at sea.

The multiyear program efforts, including numerical modeling research, will benefit from the related Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) and Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) field measurement episodes, which were recently completed (January–March 1986). ERICA's phase of intensive measurements in the field is scheduled for January–March 1989 in the North Atlantic, centered at approximately 40°N and 60°W.
Upcoming hearing in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearing has been tentatively scheduled by the Senate. The date and time should be verified with the subcommittee; all congressional and committee offices may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).

July 24: Hearing on the Continental Scientific Drilling and Exploration Act (S. 1026), by the Natural Resources Development and Production Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Room 366, Dirksen Senate Office Building, 10:00 A.M.
1986 Waldo E. Smith Award to Thomas F. Malone
Authors: Droessler Earl G. , Malone Thomas F.
Published: October 2011

The Waldo E. Smith Award is one of the newest AGU honors and is awarded for extraordinary service to geophysics. In 1983 it was presented, for the first time, to Waldo Smith in recognition of his lifetime devotion and services to the American Geophysical Union and to geophysics in general. Truly, he exemplified the motto of AGU, which begins with the words “Unselfish Cooperation …” Much the same can be said for the second Waldo E. Smith awardee, whom we honor tonight, Thomas Francis Malone.
Forecasting improves for polar lows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Thanks to a 3‐year research program recently concluded by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Oslo, Norwegian meteorologists are better able to forecast the intense low‐pressure phenomena that threaten the safety of the country's coastal areas during the winter season.

During the course of the program, meteorologists developed and tested “objective forecasting methods,” as well as a numerical model suitable for small‐scale weather phenomena. They also improved the processing of satellite data, and gained experience with the observing systems used, according to a bulletin prepared by the institute. The monitoring and forecasting systems should improve as the observation network improves and as the mesoscale numerical model is refined, explained Arne Grammeltvedt, director of the institute.
James B. Macelwane Award to Bradford H. Hager
Authors: Hager Bradford H.
Published: October 2011

Plate tectonics provides a unifying framework for understanding a wide range of geological processes, and thermal convection in the mantle drives plate tectonics. Thus an understanding of mantle convection is fundamental to the earth sciences. Many fundamental questions concerning mantle convection remain the subject of controversy. Examples include layered versus whole‐mantle convection and the form of secondary convection patterns.
Radar reveals ancient rivers
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Until now, archaeological evidence that human beings lived in the eastern Sahara Desert several hundred thousand years ago seemed to be distributed randomly. It now seems, however, that these artifacts may be concentrated along the shorelines of ancient streams that were detected only recently with the help of radar instruments carried aboard the space shuttle in 1981 and 1984.
In Congress: Legislative update
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

For additional information on these bills, contact the sponsoring Member of Congress or committee indicated.
Rotation of the Earth and the Terrestrial Reference System
Authors: Wilkins G. A. , Mueller I. I.
Published: October 2011

The Working Group on the Rotation of the Earth was established in 1978. It developed MERIT, a program of international collaboration to monitor earth rotation and intercompare the techniques of observation and analysis. The MERIT Short Campaign was held in 1980 to test and develop the organizational arrangements that were required during the MERIT Main Campaign (1983–1984). The Working Group on the Terrestrial Reference System was created in 1980 to prepare a proposal for the establishment and maintenance of a new Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (COTES) that would be based on the new techniques of space geodesy. The two working groups collaborated closely on two intensive campaigns in 1984 and 1985 that were aimed primarily at determining the relationships between the reference systems of the six different techniques that were used to determine earth rotation parameters. Observational data were obtained from 35 countries, and analyses and intercomparisons of results were carried out in seven countries. The working groups reviewed the results at the Third MERIT Workshop. They recommended that a new International Earth Rotation Service be set up in 1988 and that it should have as its basis the use of very long baseline radio interferometry and both satellite and lunar laser ranging. The complete report of the working group has been published in the Bulletin Geodesique, vol. 60, pp. 85–100, 1986.