bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating progress in the uptake and impact of Health Promotion competencies in Europe
Authors: Battel-Kirk Barbara , Barry Margaret M
Published: June 2019

This paper reports on a study undertaken to determine what progress has been made in the uptake and impact of the CompHP Core Competencies on Health Promotion practice, education and training in Europe since their publication in 2011. The study used a purposive sample comprising health promoters who had contributed to the development of the CompHP Competencies was augmented by snowball sampling across European Health Promotion practitioners. An online survey tool was employed to elicit information on respondents' attitudes to the Competencies, levels of current and intended use, and opinions on their impact. A total of 81 responses were received from 25 European countries. Findings on factors considered likely to influence the use of the Competencies were generally positive, as were respondents' attitudes to them. However, only 53% of respondents reported that the CompHP Competencies were used in their country and 54% that they used them in their practice. The Competencies were most frequently used in Health Promotion education, where their impact was also most apparent. A lack of support and recognition of the Competencies by key organizations and stakeholders at country level emerges as a potentially critical factor influencing their uptake and use. The survey findings provide an insight into the uptake and impact of the CompHP Core Competencies to date and begin to address the gap in empirical evidence on the use and impact of Health Promotion competencies. However, further research is required to explore the factors influencing implementation of the CompHP Core Competencies at a country level.
Combining P301L and S320F tau variants produces a novel accelerated model of tauopathy
Authors: Koller Emily J , Gonzalez De La Cruz Elsa , Machula Timothy , Ibanez Kristen R , Lin Wen-Lang , Williams Tosha , Riffe Cara J , Ryu Daniel , Strang Kevin H , Liu Xuefei , Janus Christopher , Golde Todd E , Dickson Dennis , Giasson Benoit I , Chakrabarty Paramita
Published: June 2019

Understanding the biological functions of tau variants can illuminate differential etiologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and primary tauopathies. Though the end-stage neuropathological attributes of AD and primary tauopathies are similar, the etiology and behavioral outcomes of these diseases follow unique and divergent trajectories. To study the divergent physiological properties of tau variants on a uniform immunogenetic background, we created somatic transgenesis CNS models of tauopathy utilizing neonatal delivery of adeno-associated viruses expressing wild-type (WT) or mutant tau in non-transgenic mice. We selected four different tau variants—WT tau associated with AD, P301L mutant tau associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), S320F mutant tau associated with Pick’s disease and a combinatorial approach using P301L/S320F mutant tau. CNS-targeted expression of WT and P301L mutant tau results in robust tau hyperphosphorylation without tangle pathology, gradually developing age-progressive memory deficits. In contrast, the S320F variant, especially in combination with P301L, produces an AD-type tangle pathology, focal neuroinflammation and memory impairment on an accelerated time scale. Using the doubly mutated P301L/S320F tau variant, we demonstrate that combining different mutations can have an additive effect on neuropathologies and associated co-morbidities, possibly hinting at involvement of unique functional pathways. Importantly, we also show that overexpression of wild-type tau as well as an FTD-associated tau variant can lead to cognitive deficits even in the absence of tangles. Together, our data highlights the synergistic neuropathologies and associated cognitive and synaptic alterations of the combinatorial tau variant leading to a robust model of tauopathy.
Some Challenges of Playing with Power: Does Complex Energy Flow Constrain Neuromuscular Performance?
Authors: Roberts Thomas J
Published: June 2019

Many studies of the flow of energy between the body, muscles, and elastic elements highlight advantages of the storage and recovery of elastic energy. The spring-like action of structures associated with muscles allows for movements that are less costly, more powerful and safer than would be possible with contractile elements alone. But these actions also present challenges that might not be present if the pattern of energy flow were simpler, for example, if power were always applied directly from muscle to motions of the body. Muscle is under the direct control of the nervous system, and precise modulation of activity can allow for finely controlled displacement and force. Elastic structures deform under load in a predictable way, but are not under direct control, thus both displacement and the flow of energy act at the mercy of the mechanical interaction of muscle and forces associated with movement. Studies on isolated muscle-tendon units highlight the challenges of controlling such systems. A carefully tuned activation pattern is necessary for effective cycling of energy between tendon and the environment; most activation patterns lead to futile cycling of energy between tendon and muscle. In power-amplified systems, “elastic backfire” sometimes occurs, where energy loaded into tendon acts to lengthen active muscles, rather than accelerate the body. Classic models of proprioception that rely on muscle spindle organs for sensing muscle and joint displacement illustrate how elastic structures might influence sensory feedback by decoupling joint movement from muscle fiber displacements. The significance of the complex flow of energy between muscles, elastic elements and the body for neuromotor control is worth exploring.
Building a Body Shape Morphospace of Teleostean Fishes
Authors: Price S A , Friedman S T , Corn K A , Martinez C M , Larouche O , Wainwright P C
Published: June 2019

We present a dataset that quantifies body shape in three dimensions across the teleost phylogeny. Built by a team of researchers measuring easy-to-identify, functionally relevant traits on specimens at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History it contains data on 16,609 specimens from 6144 species across 394 families. Using phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze the dataset we describe the teleostean body shape morphospace and identify families with extraordinary rates of morphological evolution. Using log shape ratios, our preferred method of body-size correction, revealed that fish width is the primary axis of morphological evolution across teleosts, describing a continuum from narrow-bodied laterally compressed flatfishes to wide-bodied dorsoventrally flattened anglerfishes. Elongation is the secondary axis of morphological variation and occurs within the more narrow-bodied forms. This result highlights the importance of collecting shape on three dimensions when working across teleosts. Our analyses also uncovered the fastest rates of shape evolution within a clade formed by notothenioids and scorpaeniforms, which primarily thrive in cold waters and/or have benthic habits, along with freshwater elephantfishes, which as their name suggests, have a novel head and body shape. This unprecedented dataset of teleostean body shapes will enable the investigation of the factors that regulate shape diversification. Biomechanical principles, which relate body shape to performance and ecology, are one promising avenue for future research.
Using statistics to detect match fixing in sport
Authors: Forrest David , McHale Ian G
Published: June 2019

Match fixing is a growing threat to the integrity of sport, facilitated by new online in-play betting markets sufficiently liquid to allow substantial profits to be made from manipulating an event. Screens to detect a fix employ in-play forecasting models whose predictions are compared in real-time with observed betting odds on websites around the world. Suspicions arise where model odds and market odds diverge. We provide real examples of monitoring for football and tennis matches and describe how suspicious matches are investigated by analysts before a final assessment of how likely it was that a fix took place is made. Results from monitoring driven by this application of forensic statistics have been accepted as primary evidence at cases in the Court of Arbitration for Sport, leading more sports outside football and tennis to adopt this approach to detecting and preventing manipulation.
A mixed ideal and anti-ideal DEA model: an application to evaluate cloud service providers
Authors: Azadi Majid , Izadikhah Mohammad , Ramezani Fahimeh , Hussain Farookh Khadeer
Published: June 2019

The rapid development of cloud computing and the sharp increase in the number of cloud service providers (CSPs) have resulted in many challenges in the suitability and selection of the best CSPs according to quality of service requirements. The main objective of this study is to propose three novel models based on the enhanced Russell model to increase the discrimination power in the evaluation and selection of CSPs. The proposed models are designed based on the distances to two special decision-making units (DMUs), namely the ideal DMU and the anti-ideal DMU. There are two advantages to the proposed ranking methods. First, they consider both pessimistic and optimistic scenarios of data envelopment analysis, so they are more equitable than methods that are based on only one of these scenarios. The second strength of this approach is its discrimination power, enabling it to provide a complete ranking for all CSPs. The proposed method can help customers to choose the most appropriate CSP while at the same time, it helps software developers to identify inefficient CSPs in order to improve their performance in the marketplace.
On the Sharp Dimension Estimate of CR Holomorphic Functions in Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Chang Shu-Cheng , Han Yingbo , Lin Chien
Published: June 2019

This is the very 1st paper to focus on the CR analogue of Yau’s uniformization conjecture in a complete noncompact pseudohermitian $(2n+1)$-manifold of vanishing torsion (i.e., Sasakian manifold), which is an odd dimensional counterpart of Kähler geometry. In this paper, we mainly deal with the problem of the sharp dimension estimate of CR holomorphic functions in a complete noncompact pseudohermitian manifold of vanishing torsion with nonnegative pseudohermitian bisectional curvature.
Universal Triviality of the Chow Group of 0-cycles and the Brauer Group
Authors: Auel Asher , Bigazzi Alessandro , Böhning Christian , Graf von Bothmer Hans-Christian
Published: June 2019

We prove that a smooth proper universally $\textrm{CH}_0$-trivial variety $X$ over a field $k$ has universally trivial Brauer group. This fills a gap in the literature concerning the $p$-torsion of the Brauer group when $k$ has characteristic $p$.
Hexagonal Geodesic 3-Webs
Authors: Agafonov Sergey I
Published: June 2019

We prove that a surface carries a hexagonal 3-web of geodesics if and only if the geodesic flow on the surface admits a cubic 1st integral and show that the system of partial differential equations, governing metrics on such surfaces, is integrable by generalized hodograph transform method. We present some new local examples of such metrics, discuss known ones, and establish an analogue of the celebrated Graf and Sauer theorem for Darboux superintegrable metrics.
Evaluation of TypeSeq, a Novel High-Throughput, Low-Cost, Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Assay for Detection of 51 Human Papillomavirus Genotypes
Authors: Wagner Sarah , Roberson David , Boland Joseph , Kreimer Aimée R , Yeager Meredith , Cullen Michael , Mirabello Lisa , Dunn S Terence , Walker Joan , Zuna Rosemary , Porras Carolina , Cortes Bernal , Sampson Joshua , Herrero Rolando , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Quint Wim , Van Doorn Leen-Jan ,   The CVT Group, José San , González Paula , Herrero Rolando , Jiménez Silvia E , Porras Carolina , Cecilia Rodríguez Ana , Hildesheim Allan , Kreimer Aimée R , Lowy Douglas R , Schiffman Mark , Schiller John T , Sherman Mark , Wacholder Sholom , Pinto Ligia A , Kemp Troy J , Sidawy Mary K , Quint Wim , van Doorn Leen-Jan , Struijk Linda , Palefsky Joel M , Darragh Teresa M , Stoler Mark H , Hildesheim Allan , Schiffman Mark , Wentzensen Nicolas
Published: June 2019

Background

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause over 500 000 cervical cancers each year, most of which occur in low-resource settings. Human papillomavirus genotyping is important to study natural history and vaccine efficacy. We evaluated TypeSeq, a novel, next-generation, sequencing-based assay that detects 51 HPV genotypes, in 2 large international epidemiologic studies.

Methods

TypeSeq was evaluated in 2804 cervical specimens from the Study to Understand Cervical Cancer Endpoints and Early Determinants (SUCCEED) and in 2357 specimens from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT). Positive agreement and risks of precancer for individual genotypes were calculated for TypeSeq in comparison to Linear Array (SUCCEED). In CVT, positive agreement and vaccine efficacy were calculated for TypeSeq and SPF10-LiPA.

Results

We observed high overall and positive agreement for most genotypes between TypeSeq and Linear Array in SUCCEED and SPF10-LiPA in CVT. There was no significant difference in risk of precancer between TypeSeq and Linear Array in SUCCEED or in estimates of vaccine efficacy between TypeSeq and SPF10-LiPA in CVT.

Conclusions

The agreement of TypeSeq with Linear Array and SPF10-LiPA, 2 well established standards for HPV genotyping, demonstrates its high accuracy. TypeSeq provides high-throughput, affordable HPV genotyping for world-wide studies of cervical precancer risk and of HPV vaccine efficacy.
Sex, Love, and an Old Brick Building: A United Church of Canada Congregation Transitions to LGBTQ Inclusion
Authors: Zwissler Laurel
Published: June 2019

Whereas much literature focuses on ways that Christian discourses can perpetuate homophobia and transmisogyny, there is less scholarly attention focused on Christian groups that embrace people with diverse gender and sexual identities. As this article demonstrates, it is precisely because of their traditional marginalization that active inclusion of LGBTQ people may come to serve as a signifier of less institutionally oriented and more socially progressive forms of religiosity, especially for communities actively negotiating intersecting neoliberal oppressions. Drawing on sustained fieldwork with a progressive Protestant congregation, this project analyzes two of the community’s foundational narratives: one of a minister coming out as lesbian; and one of giving up their church building. As members connect these stories to their more recent embrace of the first known transwoman to be ordained in the denomination, they reveal tensions surrounding power, embodiment, and sexuality at the core of contemporary conversations about North American religion.
42936 pathogens from Canadian hospitals: 10 years of results (2007–16) from the CANWARD surveillance study
Authors: Zhanel George G , Adam Heather J , Baxter Melanie R , Fuller Jeff , Nichol Kimberly A , Denisuik Andrew J , Golden Alyssa R , Hink Rachel , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R S , Walkty Andrew , Mulvey Michael R , Schweizer Frank , Bay Denice , Hoban Daryl J , Karlowsky James A ,   Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA) and CANWARD, Zhanel George G , Hoban Daryl J , Adam Heather J , Baxter Melanie R , Nichol Kimberly A , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R S , Walkty Andrew , Karlowsky James A , Blondeau J , Slinger R , Davidson R , Zhanel G , Hoban D , Delport J , Ellis C , Laverdière M , Loo V , Poutanen S , Fuller J , Roscoe D , Desjardins M , Matukas L , Goyette M , Lee C , Carignan A , Bergevin M , Pelletier R
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The CANWARD surveillance study was established in 2007 to annually assess the in vitro susceptibilities of a variety of antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens isolated from patients receiving care in Canadian hospitals.

Methods

42 936 pathogens were received and CLSI broth microdilution testing was performed on 37 355 bacterial isolates. Limited patient demographic data submitted with each isolate were collated and analysed.

Results

Of the isolates tested, 43.5%, 33.1%, 13.2% and 10.2% were from blood, respiratory, urine and wound specimens, respectively; 29.9%, 24.8%, 19.0%, 18.1% and 8.2% of isolates were from patients in medical wards, emergency rooms, ICUs, hospital clinics and surgical wards. Patient demographics associated with the isolates were: 54.6% male/45.4% female; 13.1% patients aged ≤17 years, 44.3% 18–64 years and 42.7% ≥65 years. The three most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%, both methicillin-susceptible and MRSA), Escherichia coli (19.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0%). E. coli were most susceptible to meropenem and tigecycline (99.9%), ertapenem and colistin (99.8%), amikacin (99.7%) and ceftolozane/tazobactam and plazomicin (99.6%). Twenty-three percent of S. aureus were MRSA. MRSA were most susceptible to ceftobiprole, linezolid and telavancin (100%), daptomycin (99.9%), vancomycin (99.8%) and tigecycline (99.2%). P. aeruginosa were most susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam (98.3%) and colistin (95.0%).

Conclusions

The CANWARD surveillance study has provided 10 years of reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on pathogens commonly causing infections in patients attending Canadian hospitals.
An external ventricular drainage catheter impregnated with rifampicin, trimethoprim and triclosan, with extended activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Bayston Roger , Ashraf Waheed , Pelegrin Ivan , Fowkes Katherine , Bienemann Alison S , Singleton William G B , Scott Ian S
Published: June 2019

Background

External ventricular drainage (EVD) carries a high risk of ventriculitis, increasingly caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Existing antimicrobial EVD catheters are not effective against these, and we have developed a catheter with activity against MDR bacteria and demonstrated the safety of the new formulation for use in the brain.

Objectives

Our aim was to determine the ability of a newly formulated impregnated EVD catheters to withstand challenge with MDR Gram-negative bacteria and to obtain information about its safety for use in the CNS.

Methods

Catheters impregnated with three antimicrobials (rifampicin, trimethoprim and triclosan) were challenged in flow conditions at four weekly timepoints with high doses of MDR bacteria, including MRSA and Acinetobacter, and monitored for bacterial colonization. Catheter segments were also inserted intracerebrally into Wistar rats, which were monitored for clinical and behavioural change, and weight loss. Brains were removed after either 1 week or 4 weeks, and examined for evidence of inflammation and toxicity.

Results

Control catheters colonized quickly after the first challenge, while no colonization occurred in the impregnated catheters even after the 4 week challenge. Animals receiving the antimicrobial segments behaved normally and gained weight as expected. Neurohistochemistry revealed only surgical trauma and no evidence of neurotoxicity.

Conclusions

The antimicrobial catheter appears to withstand bacterial challenge for at least 4 weeks, suggesting that it might offer protection against infection with MDR Gram-negative bacteria in patients undergoing EVD. It also appears to be safe for use in the CNS.
Putting the “why” in “EHR”: capturing and coding clinical cognition
Authors: Cimino James J
Published: June 2019

Complaints about electronic health records, including information overload, note bloat, and alert fatigue, are frequent topics of discussion. Despite substantial effort by researchers and industry, complaints continue noting serious adverse effects on patient safety and clinician quality of life. I believe solutions are possible if we can add information to the record that explains the “why” of a patient’s care, such as relationships between symptoms, physical findings, diagnostic results, differential diagnoses, therapeutic plans, and goals. While this information may be present in clinical notes, I propose that we modify electronic health records to support explicit representation of this information using formal structure and controlled vocabularies. Such information could foster development of more situation-aware tools for data retrieval and synthesis. Informatics research is needed to understand what should be represented, how to capture it, and how to benefit those providing the information so that their workload is reduced.
Cold-Induced Injury Affecting 27% of TBSA: A Case Report
Authors: Piqueras Pérez José María , Blanco Schweizer Pablo , Bendito Guilarte Beatriz , Martín Luengo Ana , Fernández Rodríguez M Lorena , Sánchez Ballesteros Jesús , Rodríguez Mateos José Ignacio , Núñez Orduña Eduardo , Concejo Casas Concepción , Abrio Peinado Iris , López Gamo Ana , Vicente García José , Larrea Prieto Javier , Pellicer Artigot José Luis
Published: June 2019

Frostbite is a particularly severe form of cold-induced injury that most frequently causes tissular damage in acral parts (hands and feet) and usually involves a small extension of the TBSA. Here, we present a rare case of frostbite affecting a large area (27%), which was successfully treated in a similar way to a thermal burn injury.
Influence of Sweep Length on Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Capture and Reliability of Population Density Estimates
Authors: Cato Aaron J , Bateman Nicholas R , Lorenz Gus M , Hardke Jarrod T , Black Joseph L , Thrash Benjamin C , Johnson Donn L , Gore Jeffrey , Studebaker Glenn , Fan Shirley X , Gaillard Philippe R
Published: June 2019

The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is a key pest of heading rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae), in the southern United States. Sweep net sampling is the recommended method for sampling rice stink bug in rice, but there currently exists no specific recommendation for sweep length, and a large amount of variation likely exists amongst samplers. The objectives of this study were to determine the role that sweep length plays in sampling accuracy and determine the feasibility of using sweep lengths smaller than 180°. When monitoring sweep lengths by consultants, producers, and researchers, a large amount of variation in sweep length and a significant linear relationship between sweep length and rice stink bug catch per 10 sweeps was observed. Sweep length was then controlled at three levels (0.8, 1.8, and 3.5 m) and a change from 0.8 to 1.8 m in sweep length led to an increase on average of 2.28 rice stink bugs per 10 sweeps. These data suggest knowledge of sweep length is vital, and paired with large amounts of observed variation in sweep length, recommending a specific sweep length is ideal. Using Taylor’s values, it was determined that 1.8 m sweeps resulted in density estimates that were as reliable as 3.5 m (180°) sweeps, suggesting a longer sweep length was not necessary. A 1.8 m sweep length recommendation would create an easier sampling regimen that is still reliable, which could lead to more accurate action threshold decisions being made for rice stink bug if it increases adoption in consultants and producers.
The logical style painting classifier based on Horn clauses and explanations (ℓ-SHE)
Authors: Costa Vicent , Dellunde Pilar , Falomir Zoe
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a logical Style painting classifier based on evaluated Horn clauses, qualitative colour descriptors and Explanations ($\ell $-SHE). Three versions of $\ell $-SHE are defined, using rational Pavelka logic (RPL), and expansions of Gödel logic and product logic with rational constants: RPL, $G(\mathbb{Q})$ and $\sqcap (\mathbb{Q})$, respectively. We introduce a fuzzy representation of the more representative colour traits for the Baroque, the Impressionism and the Post-Impressionism art styles. The $\ell $-SHE algorithm has been implemented in Swi-Prolog and tested on 90 paintings of the QArt-Dataset and on 247 paintings of the Paintings-91-PIB dataset. The percentages of accuracy obtained in the QArt-Dataset for each $\ell $-SHE version are 73.3% (RPL), 65.6% ($G(\mathbb{Q})$) and 68.9% ($\sqcap (\mathbb{Q})$). Regarding the Paintings-91-PIB dataset, the percentages of accuracy obtained for each $\ell $-SHE version are 60.2% (RPL), 48.2% ($G(\mathbb{Q})$) and 57.0% ( $\sqcap (\mathbb{Q})$). Our logic definition for the Baroque style has obtained the highest accuracy in both datasets, for all the $\ell $-SHE versions (the lowest Baroque case gets 85.6$\%$ of accuracy). An important feature of the classifier is that it provides reasons regarding why a painting belongs to a certain style. The classifier also provides reasons about why outliers of one art style may belong to another art style, giving a second classification option depending on its membership degrees to these styles.
Counting Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on Hosts Is Complex: A Review and Comparison of Methods
Authors: Lydecker Henry W , Banks Peter B , Hochuli Dieter F
Published: June 2019

Locating and counting parasites on a host is a fundamental aspect of ecological research and basic veterinary and clinical practice. Variability in the biology and behavior of both hosts and parasites creates many methodological, logistical, and ethical considerations that must be made to collect this deceptively simple measurement. We identified methods that are used to count ticks (Acari: Ixodida, Leach 1815) on hosts by reviewing the methods sections of relevant published studies. Unfortunately, there is no best method agreed upon by scientists to collect ticks from hosts. In general, we suggest that studies focusing purely on counting ticks on hosts should use more sensitive methods to determine patterns of tick distribution on the surfaces of unconscious or deceased hosts in order to provide host body regions to target in future studies to maximize tick detection ability and limit the costs of research for researchers and the host animals involved. As ticks are counted on hosts for many different reasons, researchers must be goal oriented and chose methods that are appropriate for addressing their specific aims.
Control of Filth Flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), and Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Using Novel Plant-Derived Methyl Ketones
Authors: Deguenon Jean M , Zhu Jiwei , Denning Steven , Reiskind Michael H , Watson David W , Roe R Michael
Published: June 2019

Filth flies live in close proximity to humans and livestock and transmit pathogens. Current control relies on chemical insecticides, and flies can develop resistance to these insecticides. The public is also interested in natural and safer insecticides. Therefore, alternative pesticides compatible with the synanthropic nature of flies are needed. Four plant aliphatic methyl ketones were evaluated for control of adult house flies, Musca domestica L., blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), and gray flesh flies, Sarcophaga bullata (Parker). In sealed petri dish assays, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone exhibited fumigant activity against house flies with 24-h LC50s of 6.9, 7.5, 8.0, and 9.2 µg/cm3, respectively. Further research focused on undecanone (a U.S. EPA-registered biopesticide). When tested in larger enclosures at 1.7, 2.3, and 2.8 µg/cm3, undecanone provided 60.4, 82.2, and 94.4% house fly mortality; 56.9, 75.6, and 92.5% flesh fly mortality; and 62.1, 84.5, and 97.9% blow fly mortality, respectively, after a 2-h exposure. In a two-choice behavioral assay with 194.6 µg/cm2 of the test compound on the treatment versus an untreated surface of the same area, the overall mean repellencies for blow flies were 84.7% for undecanone versus 87.6% for N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). For house flies, mean repellencies were 80.7% for undecanone and 84.9% for DEET. The house fly topical LD50 for undecanone was 58.1 µg per fly. Undecanone was far less expensive for filth fly control than the gold standard for insect fumigation, methyl bromide.
Late Soft Tissue Complications of Head and Neck Cancer Therapy: Lymphedema and Fibrosis
Authors: Deng Jie , Wulff-Burchfield Elizabeth M , Murphy Barbara A
Published: June 2019

Head and neck cancer and its treatment result in soft tissue damage secondary to lymphedema and fibrosis. Lymphedema is the result of pathological accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues. It is caused by the inability of the lymphatic system to transport lymph fluid from the tissues to the central circulatory system and is manifested clinically by tissue swelling. Fibrosis is defined as an overaccumulation of fibrotic tissues within the skin and soft tissues after a single or repetitive injury and is characterized by hardening of the soft tissues with associated loss of elasticity. Lymphedema and fibrosis are common yet overlooked late effects of head and neck cancer and its therapy. They may result in profound long-term symptom burden, loss of critical functions, and altered quality of life. The following review will discuss the current pathobiology, clinical manifestations, and future directions for research related to lymphedema and fibrosis.
A Paradox of Evidential Equivalence
Authors: Builes David
Published: June 2019

Our evidence can be about different subject matters. In fact, necessarily equivalent pieces of evidence can be about different subject matters. Does the hyperintensionality of ‘aboutness’ engender any hyperintensionality at the level of rational credence? In this paper, I present a case which seems to suggest that the answer is ‘yes’. In particular, I argue that our intuitive notions of independent evidence and inadmissible evidence are sensitive to aboutness in a hyperintensional way. We are thus left with a paradox. While there is strong reason to think that rational credence cannot make such hyperintensional distinctions, our intuitive judgements about certain cases seem to demand that it does.
Carbon-chain molecules in molecular outflows and Lupus I region – new producing region and new forming mechanism
Authors: Wu Yuefang , Liu Xunchuan , Chen Xi , Lin Lianghao , Yuan Jinghua , Zhang Chao , Liu Tie , Shen Zhiqiang , Li Juan , Wang Junzhi , Qin Sheng-Li , Kim Kee-Tae , Liu Hongli , Zhu Lei , Madones Diego , Inostroza Natalia , Henkel Christian , Zhang Tianwei , Li Di , Esimbek Jarken , Liu Qinghui
Published: June 2019

Using the new equipment of the Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope, we have searched for carbon-chain molecules (CCMs) towards five outflow sources and six Lupus I starless dust cores, including one region known to be characterized by warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC), Lupus I-1 (IRAS 15398-3359), and one TMC-1 like cloud, Lupus I-6 (Lupus-1A). Lines of HC3N J = 2 − 1, HC5N J = 6 − 5, HC7N J = 14 − 13, 15 − 14, 16 − 15, and C3S J = 3 − 2 were detected in all the targets except in the outflow source L1660 and the starless dust core Lupus I-3/4. The column densities of nitrogen-bearing species range from 1012 to 1014 cm−2 and those of C3S are about 1012 cm−2. Two outflow sources, I20582+7724 and L1221, could be identified as new carbon-chain-producing regions. Four of the Lupus I dust cores are newly identified as early quiescent and dark carbon-chain-producing regions similar to Lup I-6, which together with the WCCC source, Lup I-1, indicate that carbon-chain-producing regions are popular in Lupus I which can be regard as a Taurus-like molecular cloud complex in our Galaxy. The column densities of C3S are larger than those of HC7N in the three outflow sources I20582, L1221, and L1251A. Shocked carbon-chain chemistry is proposed to explain the abnormal high abundances of C3S compared with those of nitrogen-bearing CCMs. Gas-grain chemical models support the idea that shocks can fuel the environment of those sources with enough S+ thus driving the generation of S-bearing CCMs.
Transverse kinematics of the Galactic bar-bulge from VVV and Gaia
Authors: Sanders Jason L , Smith Leigh , Evans N Wyn , Lucas Philip
Published: June 2019

We analyse the kinematics of the Galactic bar-bulge using proper motions from the ESO public survey Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) and the second Gaia data release. Gaia has provided some of the first absolute proper motions within the bulge and the near-infrared VVV multi-epoch catalogue complements Gaia in highly extincted low-latitude regions. We discuss the relative-to-absolute calibration of the VVV proper motions using Gaia. Along lines of sight spanning $-10\lt \ell /\, \mathrm{deg}\lt 10$ and $-10\lt b/\, \mathrm{deg}\lt 5$, we probabilistically model the density and velocity distributions as a function of distance of ∼45 million stars. The transverse velocities confirm the rotation signature of the bar seen in spectroscopic surveys. The differential rotation between the double peaks of the magnitude distribution confirms the X-shaped nature of the bar-bulge. Both transverse velocity components increase smoothly along the near side of the bar towards the Galactic Centre, peak at the Galactic Centre, and decline on the far side. The anisotropy is σℓ/σb ≈ 1.1–1.3 within the bulk of the bar, reducing to 0.9–1.1 when rotational broadening is accounted for, and exhibits a clear X-shaped signature. The vertex deviation in ℓ and b is significant |ρℓb| ≲ 0.2, greater on the near side of the bar and produces a quadrupole signature across the bulge indicating approximate radial alignment. We have re-constructed the 3D kinematics from the assumption of triaxiality, finding good agreement with spectroscopic survey results. In the co-rotating frame, we find evidence of bar-supporting x1 orbits and tangential bias in the in-plane dispersion field.
Rotational quenching of HD induced by collisions with H2 molecules
Authors: Wan Yier , Balakrishnan N , Yang B H , Forrey R C , Stancil P C
Published: June 2019

Rate coefficients for rotational transitions in HD induced by H2 impact for rotational levels of HD j ≤ 8 and temperatures 10 K ≤ T ≤ 5000 K are reported. The quantum mechanical close-coupling (CC) method and the coupled-states (CS) decoupling approximation are used to obtain the cross-sections employing the most recent highly accurate H2–H2 potential energy surface (PES). Our results are in good agreement with previous calculations for low-lying rotational transitions The cooling efficiency of HD compared with H2 and astrophysical applications are briefly discussed.
No signs of star formation being regulated in the most luminous quasars at z ∼ 2 with ALMA
Authors: Schulze Andreas , Silverman John D , Daddi Emanuele , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Liu Daizhong , Schramm Malte , Mainieri Vincenzo , Imanishi Masatoshi , Hirschmann Michaela , Jahnke Knud
Published: June 2019

We present ALMA Band 7 observations at $850\, \mu$m of 20 luminous ($\log \, L_{\rm bol}\,\gt\, 46.9$ [erg s−1]) unobscured quasars at z ∼ 2. We detect continuum emission for 19/20 quasars. After subtracting an AGN contribution, we measure the total far-IR luminosity for 18 quasars, assuming a modified blackbody model, and attribute the emission as indicative of the star formation rate (SFR). Our sample can be characterized with a lognormal SFR distribution having a mean of 140 M⊙ yr−1 and a dispersion of 0.5 dex. Based on an inference of their stellar masses, the SFRs are similar, in both the mean and dispersion, with star-forming main-sequence galaxies at the equivalent epoch. Thus, there is no evidence for a systematic enhancement or suppression (i.e. regulation or quenching) of star formation in the hosts of the most luminous quasars at z ∼ 2. These results are consistent with the Magneticum cosmological simulation, while in disagreement with a widely recognized phenomenological model that predicts higher SFRs than observed here based on the high bolometric luminosities of this sample. Furthermore, there is only a weak relation between SFR and accretion rate on to their supermassive black holes both for average and individual measurements. We interpret these results as indicative of star formation and quasar accretion being fed from the available gas reservoir(s) in their host with a disconnect due to their different physical sizes, temporal scales, and means of gas processing.
The full evolution of supernova remnants in low- and high-density ambient media
Authors: Jiménez Santiago , Tenorio-Tagle Guillermo , Silich Sergiy
Published: June 2019

Supernova explosions and their remnants (SNRs) drive important feedback mechanisms that impact considerably the galaxies that host them. Then, the knowledge of the SNRs evolution is of paramount importance in the understanding of the structure of the interstellar medium and the formation and evolution of galaxies. Here, we study the evolution of SNRs in homogeneous ambient media from the initial, ejecta-dominated phase, to the final, momentum-dominated stage. The numerical model is based on the Thin-Shell approximation and takes into account the configuration of the ejected gas and radiative cooling. It accurately reproduces well-known analytic and numerical results and allows one to study the SNR evolution in ambient media with a wide range of densities n0. It is shown that in the high-density cases, strong radiative cooling alters noticeably the shock dynamics and inhibits the Sedov-Taylor stage, thus limiting significantly the feedback that SNRs provide to such environments. For n0 > 5 × 105 cm−3, the reverse shock does not reach the centre of the explosion due to the rapid fall of the thermal pressure in the shocked gas caused by strong radiative cooling.
Time-average properties of z ∼ 0.6 major mergers: mergers significantly scatter high-z scaling relations
Authors: Puech M , Flores H , Rodrigues M , Hammer F , Yang Y B
Published: June 2019

Interpreting the scaling relations measured by recent large kinematic surveys of z ≲ 1 galaxies has remained hampered by large observational scatter. We show that the observed ISM and morpho-dynamical properties along the average z ∼ 0.6 major merger describe a very self-consistent picture in which star formation is enhanced during first passage and fusion as a result of gravitational perturbations due to the interaction, while the gas velocity dispersion is simultaneously enhanced through shocks that convert kinematic energy associated with bulk orbital motions into turbulence at small scales. Angular momentum and rotation support in the disc are partly lost during the most perturbing phases, resulting in a morphologically compact phase. The fractions of present-day E/S0 versus later type galaxies can be predicted within only a few per cent, confirming that roughly half of local discs were reformed in the past 8–9 Gyr after gas-rich major mergers. Major mergers are shown to strongly scatter scaling relations involving kinematic quantities (e.g. the Tully–Fisher or Fall relations). Selecting high-z discs relying only on V/σ turns out to be less efficient than selecting discs from multiple criteria based on their morpho-kinematic properties, which can reduce the scatter of high-z scaling relations down to the values measured in local galaxy samples.
Mammalian NSUN2 introduces 5-methylcytidines into mitochondrial tRNAs
Authors: Shinoda Saori , Kitagawa Sho , Nakagawa Shinichi , Wei Fan-Yan , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Araki Kimi , Araki Masatake , Suzuki Takeo , Suzuki Tsutomu
Published: June 2019

Post-transcriptional modifications in mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) play critical roles in mitochondrial protein synthesis, which produces respiratory chain complexes. In this study, we took advantage of mass spectrometric analysis to map 5-methylcytidine (m5C) at positions 48–50 in eight mouse and six human mt-tRNAs. We also confirmed the absence of m5C in mt-tRNAs isolated from Nsun2 knockout (KO) mice, as well as from NSUN2 KO human culture cells. In addition, we successfully reconstituted m5C at positions 48–50 of mt-tRNA in vitro with NSUN2 protein in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine. Although NSUN2 is predominantly localized to the nucleus and introduces m5C into cytoplasmic tRNAs and mRNAs, structured illumination microscopy clearly revealed NSUN2 foci inside mitochondria. These observations provide novel insights into the role of NSUN2 in the physiology and pathology of mitochondrial functions.
Cost-effectiveness of four living-donor nephrectomy techniques from a hospital perspective
Authors: Achit Hamza , Guillemin Francis , Karam Georges , Ladrière Marc , Baumann Cedric , Frimat Luc , Hosseini Kossar , Hubert Jacques
Published: June 2019

Background

In Europe, transplantation centres use different nephrectomy techniques: open surgery, and standard, hand-assisted and robot-assisted laparoscopies. Few studies have analysed the disparity in costs and clinical outcomes between techniques. Since donors are healthy patients expecting minimum pain and fast recovery, this study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of four nephrectomy techniques focusing on early surgical outcomes, an essential in the donation act.

Methods

A micro-costing approach was used to estimate the cost of implementation from a hospital perspective. Estimates took into account sterilization costs for multiple-use equipment, costs for purchasing single-use equipment, staff and analgesics. The study recruited donors in 20 centres in France. Quality of life by EuroQol-5D was assessed preoperatively, and 4 and 90 days post-operatively. Two effectiveness indicators were built: quality-of-life recovery and post-operative pain days averted (PPDA). The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02830568, on 10 June 2010.

Results

A total of 264 donors were included; they underwent open surgery (n = 65), and standard (n = 65), hand-assisted (n = 65) and robot-assisted laparoscopies (n = 69). Use of the nephrectomy techniques differed greatly in cost of implementation and immediate post-operative outcomes but not in clinical outcomes at 90 days. At 4 days, hand-assisted laparoscopy provided the lowest cost per quality-of-life recovery unit of effectiveness (%) and PPDA (days) (€2056/40.1%/2.3 days, respectively). Robot-assisted laparoscopy was associated with the best post-operative outcomes but with the highest cost (€3430/59.1%/2.6 days).

Conclusion

Hand-assisted, standard and robot-assisted laparoscopies are cost-effective techniques compared with open surgery. Hand-assisted surgery is the most cost-effective procedure. Robot-assisted surgery requires more healthcare resource use but enables the best clinical outcome.
Are there Still Limits on Partisan Prejudice?
Authors: Westwood Sean J , Peterson Erik , Lelkes Yphtach
Published: June 2019

Partisan affective polarization is believed, by some, to stem from vitriolic elite political discourse. We explore this account by replicating several 2014 studies that examine partisan prejudice. Despite claims of elevated partisan affective polarization from pundits, this extensive replication offers no evidence of an increase in the public’s partisan prejudice between 2014 and 2017. Divides in feeling thermometer ratings of the two political parties remained stable, and there was no overall increase in measures of partisan prejudice between periods. This is consistent with results from the 2012 and 2016 ANES. Moreover, the most affectively polarized members of the public became no more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes toward the other party. Despite an intervening campaign with elevated elite hostility and rampant postelection discord, the limits on partisan prejudice identified in prior research remain in place. This stability is important for understanding the nature and malleability of partisan affect.
Awareness of product-related information, health messages and warnings on alcohol packaging among adolescents: a cross-sectional survey in the United Kingdom
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Jones Daniel , Moodie Crawford , MacKintosh Anne Marie , Fitzgerald Niamh , Hooper Lucie , Thomas Christopher , Vohra Jyotsna
Published: June 2019

Background

Alcohol packaging can be used to communicate product-related information, health messages and health warnings to consumers. We examined awareness and recall of such information and messaging among adolescents in the United Kingdom.

Method

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 11–19 year olds in the United Kingdom (n = 3399), with participants asked if they had seen any information, health messages or warnings on alcohol packaging in the past month (Yes/No) and, if so, what they recalled. We also assessed higher-risk drinking among current drinkers (≥5 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption) and susceptibility to consume among never-drinkers.

Results

One-third (32%) of participants had seen information, health messages or warnings on alcohol packaging. Chi-Square tests showed awareness was greater for current drinkers than non-drinkers (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001), higher-risk drinkers than lower-risk drinkers (55% vs. 39%; P < 0.001), and susceptible never-drinkers than non-susceptible never-drinkers (21% vs. 16%; P = 0.01). Ten messages were recalled, with drinking responsibly (18%) and not drinking during pregnancy (13%) most recalled.

Conclusion

Most young drinkers, including almost half of higher-risk drinkers, did not recall seeing any information, health messages or warnings on alcohol packaging in the past month, suggesting that current labelling is failing to reach this key audience.
Do Financial Regulations Shape the Functioning of Financial Institutions’ Risk Management in Asset-Backed Securities Investment?
Authors: Chen Xuanjuan , Higgins Eric , Xia Han , Zou Hong
Published: June 2019

We show that installing stronger risk management into financial institutions—a proposal widely discussed following the 2008 financial crisis—is insufficient to constrain institutions’ exposure to investment with lurking risk, such as asset-backed securities (ABS). Regulations affect the functioning of risk management: risk management constrains institutions’ exposure to risky ABS when they face mark-to-market reporting combined with capital requirements; however, this role is considerably weaker when capital requirements are combined with historical cost accounting. We find suggestive evidence that financial regulations affect risk management functions through promoting risk managers’ efforts in uncovering ABS risk and curbing executives’ incentives to take excessive risk.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Asking ‘why?’ enhances theory of mind when evaluating harm but not purity violations
Authors: Dungan James A , Young Liane
Published: June 2019

Recent work in psychology and neuroscience has revealed important differences in the cognitive processes underlying judgments of harm and purity violations. In particular, research has demonstrated that whether a violation was committed intentionally vs accidentally has a larger impact on moral judgments of harm violations (e.g. assault) than purity violations (e.g. incest). Here, we manipulate the instructions provided to participants for a moral judgment task to further probe the boundary conditions of this intent effect. Specifically, we instructed participants undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging to attend to either a violator’s mental states (why they acted that way) or their low-level behavior (how they acted) before delivering moral judgments. Results revealed that task instructions enhanced rather than diminished differences between how harm and purity violations are processed in brain regions for mental state reasoning or theory of mind. In particular, activity in the right temporoparietal junction increased when participants were instructed to attend to why vs how a violator acted to a greater extent for harm than for purity violations. This result constrains the potential accounts of why intentions matter less for purity violations compared to harm violations and provide further insight into the differences between distinct moral norms.