bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the performance of the active vibration cutting system for the rotary cylinder of a tunneling machine
Authors: Xie Miao , Li Yuqi , Nie Rendong , Liu Zhixiang , Mao Jun , Zhang Hongyu , Yu Xinli
Published: October 2023

High-efficiency rock breaking technology is an important problem to be solved urgently in deep mining. The existing auxiliary rock breaking technology for coal mine excavation has problems such as polluting coal, high requirements for tool materials, and difficulty in subsequent washing. In this paper, an active excitation cutting system for rotary cylinder of cantilever roadheader based on alternating valve is proposed. According to the classical calculation formula of cutting load of roadheader, considering the stiffness-damping characteristics of cutting part and cutting cylinder, the simulation algorithm of cutting load is compiled based on MATLAB simulation analysis software. The excitation cutting experiments of different cutting depths are carried out on the cutting test bench, and compared with the simulation algorithm of cutting load. Taking the cutting load as the discriminant index, the influence of oil supply pressure and excitation frequency of rotary cylinder on the cutting load is analyzed based on the simulation algorithm of cutting load. The results show that the error between the simulation results and the experimental results of the active excitation state is less than 12%, and the two are in good agreement. Under the condition of 30 HZ, when the excitation amplitude is 8 Mpa, 10 Mpa, 12 Mpa, 14 Mpa, when the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude is 10 Mpa, the minimum is 131.42 KN. Compared with the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude under the condition of 10 Mpa, when the excitation frequency is 30 HZ, 35 HZ, 40 HZ, 45 HZ, when the excitation frequency is 40 HZ, the minimum is 83.08 KN, indicating that changing the excitation amplitude or oil supply pressure of the rotary cylinder is helpful to adjust the cutting performance.
Quantitative ultrasonographic examination of cerebral white matter by pixel brightness intensity as marker of middle-term neurodevelopment: a prospective observational study
Authors: Laccetta Gianluigi , Di Chiara Maria , De Nardo Maria Chiara , Tagliabracci Monica , Travaglia Elisa , De Santis Benedetta , Spiriti Caterina , Dito Lucia , Regoli Daniela , Caravale Barbara , Cellitti Raffaella , Parisi Pasquale , Terrin Gianluca
Published: October 2023

Non-cystic white matter (WM) injury has become prevalent among preterm newborns and is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Magnetic resonance is the gold-standard for diagnosis; however, cranial ultrasound (CUS) is more easily available but limited by subjective interpretation of images. To overcome this problem, we enrolled in a prospective observational study, patients with gestational age at birth < 32 weeks with normal CUS scans or grade 1 WM injury. Patients underwent CUS examinations at 0–7 days of life (T0), 14–35 days of life (T1), 370/7–416/7 weeks’ postmenstrual age (T2), and 420/7–520/7 weeks’ postmenstrual age (T3). The echogenicity of parieto-occipital periventricular WM relative to that of homolateral choroid plexus (RECP) was calculated on parasagittal scans by means of pixel brightness intensity and its relationship with Bayley-III assessment at 12 months’ corrected age was evaluated. We demonstrated that: (1) Left RECP values at T1 negatively correlated with cognitive composite scores; (2) Right RECP values at T2 and T3 negatively correlated with language composite scores; (3) Left RECP values at T1 and T2 negatively correlated with motor composite scores. Thus, this technique may be used as screening method to early identify patients at risk of neurodevelopmental issues and promptly initiate preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Investigation of the relationship between intradialytic hypotension during hemodialysis and serum syndecan-1 concentration
Authors: Oiwa Hideaki , Okada Hideshi , Suzuki Keiko , Sumi Kazuyuki , Yoshida Shozo , Suzuki Kodai , Ishihara Takuma , Kitagaki Hiroki , Kimura Kaori , Naito Yoshihito , Chiba Naokazu , Kuroda Ayumi , Uchida Akihiro , Fukuda Hirotsugu , Kawasaki Yuki , Minamiyama Toru , Nishio Ayane , Shimada Takuto , Kamidani Ryo , Miura Tomotaka , Tochibora Ryota , Yamamoto Saori , Kinomura Yujiro , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Miyake Takahito , Yoshida Takahiro , Suzuki Akio , Tetsuka Nobuyuki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Nawa Takahide , Ogura Shinji
Published: October 2023

Intradialytic hypotension and arrhythmias are complications of hemodialysis. They are associated with decreased intravascular volume due to reduced ultrafiltration volume, cardiac function, and arterial tone. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which exists on the surface of healthy vascular endothelial cells and maintains vascular permeability, has been suggested to be impaired by hemodialysis. This single-center retrospective study evaluated the association between syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction marker, and complications of hemodialysis. We enrolled 92 patients who underwent outpatient hemodialysis at Gifu Seiryu Hospital from April to July 2022 (346 hemodialysis sessions). The median duration and time of hemodialysis were 40 months and 4.1 h, respectively. Median serum syndecan-1 levels were 67.7 ng/mL before and 98.3 ng/mL after hemodialysis. Hemodialysis complications were noted in 68 sessions, all of which were hypotension. No correlation between pre-hemodialysis syndecan-1 levels and the incidence of complications was observed. However, a positive correlation between the amount of change in syndecan-1 levels before and after hemodialysis and the incidence of hemodialysis complications was noted. Conversely, syndecan-1 levels did not correlate with brain or atrial natriuretic peptides, suggesting that impairment of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx may be a possible cause of intradialytic hypotension and may be useful in preventing intradialytic hypotension.
Mapping methane reduction potential of tidal wetland restoration in the United States
Authors: Holmquist James R. , Eagle Meagan , Molinari Rebecca Lee , Nick Sydney K. , Stachowicz Liana C. , Kroeger Kevin D.
Published: October 2023

Coastal wetlands can emit excess methane in cases where they are impounded and artificially freshened by structures that impede tidal exchange. We provide a new assessment of coastal methane reduction opportunities for the contiguous United States by combining multiple publicly available map layers, reassessing greenhouse gas emissions datasets, and applying scenarios informed by geospatial information system and by surveys of coastal managers. Independent accuracy assessment indicates that coastal impoundments are under-mapped at the national level by a factor of one-half. Restorations of freshwater-impounded wetlands to brackish or saline conditions have the greatest potential climate benefit of all mapped conversion opportunities, but were rarer than other potential conversion events. At the national scale we estimate potential emissions reduction for coastal wetlands to be 0.91 Teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalents year−1, a more conservative assessment compared to previous estimates. We provide a map of 1,796 parcels with the potential for tidal re-connection.
Deformation evolves from shear to extensile in rocks due to energy optimization
Authors: McBeck Jess , Cordonnier Benoît , Cooke Michele , Fattaruso Laura , Renard François
Published: October 2023

Determining how fracture network development leads to macroscopic failure in heterogeneous materials may help estimate the timing of failure in rocks in the upper crust as well as in engineered structures. The proportion of extensile and shear deformation produced by fracture development indicates the appropriate failure criteria to apply, and thus is a key constraint in such an effort. Here, we measure the volume proportion of extensile and shear fractures using the orientation of the fractures that develop in triaxial compression experiments in which fractures are identified using dynamic in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging. The fracture orientations transition from shear to extensile approaching macroscopic, system-size failure. Numerical models suggest that this transition occurs because the fracture networks evolve in order to optimize the total mechanical efficiency of the system. Our results provide a physical interpretation of the empirical internal friction coefficient in rocks.
Ultra-high-field 7T MRI reveals changes in human medial temporal lobe volume in female adults during menstrual cycle
Authors: Zsido Rachel G. , Williams Angharad N. , Barth Claudia , Serio Bianca , Kurth Luisa , Mildner Toralf , Trampel Robert , Beyer Frauke , Witte A. Veronica , Villringer Arno , Sacher Julia
Published: October 2023

Ovarian hormones have substantial effects on the brain, and early menopause has been associated with increased risk of accelerated brain aging and dementia later in life. However, the impact of ovarian hormone fluctuations on brain structure earlier in life is less understood. Here we show that ovarian hormone fluctuations shape structural brain plasticity during the reproductive years. We use longitudinal ultra-high field neuroimaging across the menstrual cycle to map the morphology of medial temporal lobe subregions in 27 participants. Controlling for water content and blood flow, our findings reveal positive associations between estradiol and parahippocampal cortex volume, progesterone and subiculum and perirhinal area 35 volumes, and an estradiol*progesterone interaction with CA1 volume. This research offers a blueprint for future studies on the shared dynamics of the brain and ovarian function and a fundamental stepping stone towards developing sex-specific strategies to improve brain health and mental health.
Efficient and reliable encapsulation for perovskite/silicon tandem solar modules
Authors: Toniolo Francesco , Bristow Helen , Babics Maxime , Loiola Livia M. D. , Liu Jiang , Said Ahmed Ali , Xu Lujia , Aydin Erkan , Allen Thomas G. , Meneghetti Moreno , Nunes Suzana P. , De Bastiani Michele , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: October 2023

Vacuum lamination is currently the best encapsulation for perovskite/silicon tandems. Here, we study the lamination process with two different thermoplastic encapsulants, comparing tandem performance and stability, according to IEC standards of certification.
4f–2p–3d orbital overlap in a metal–organic framework-derived CeO2/CeCo-LDH heterostructure promotes water oxidation
Authors: Maurya Priyanka , Ansari Toufik , Indra Arindam
Published: October 2023

4f–2p–3d orbital overlap in CeCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) offers electronic structure modulation while heterojunction formation between CeCo-LDH and CeO2 improves charge transfer for superior oxygen evolution activity.
Direct synthesis of phthalimides via palladium-catalysed double carbonylation of o-dihaloarenes with nitroarenes
Authors: Liu Chenwei , An Tongshun , Yuan Weiheng , Dai Huiying , Liang Xiaolan , Yin Zhiping
Published: October 2023

A novel carbonylation of nitroarenes with o-dihaloarenes was developed to construct various N-substituted phthalimides. Key to the success of this transformation is the use of Mo(CO)6 which serves as both reducing agents and carbonyl sources.
A V2O5 cathode for aqueous rechargeable Pb-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Ningbo , Zhao Xiaoying , Wang Xiaohan , Li Qiaqia , Wang Liubin
Published: October 2023

A rocking-chair Pb metal battery based on highly reversible plating/stripping Pb metal anode and layered intercalation/deintercalation V2O5 cathode in aqueous electrolytes with Pb2+ as the charge carrier is reported showing good performance.
Fabrication of 5-R-isophthalic acid-modulated cadmium–organic coordination polymers and selectivity for the efficient detection of multiple analytes
Authors: Li Wen-Ze , Sheng Yu-Shu , Zhang Xiao-Sa , Liu Yu , Li Jing , Luan Jian
Published: October 2023

A series of Cd-CPs were synthesized and structurally characterized. They displayed remarkable fluorescence behaviours, and could serve as outstanding candidates in the selective sensing of multiple analytes with a low limit of detection.
Carbon accounting without life cycle analysis
Authors: Lackner Klaus S , Arcusa Stephanie H , Azarabadi Habib , Sriramprasad Vishrudh , Page Robert
Published: October 2023

Carbon accounting without life cycle analysis (LCA) is possible by requiring one ton of sequestration for each extracted ton of carbon. A carbon takeback obligation eliminates the need to track carbon through the supply chain.
Single atom catalysts for water electrolysis: from catalyst-coated substrate to catalyst-coated membrane
Authors: Lee Sol A , Jun Sang Eon , Park Sun Hwa , Kwon Ki Chang , Kang Jong Hun , Kwon Min Sang , Jang Ho Won
Published: October 2023

This review summarizes the integration of single atom catalysts and catalyst-coated membrane architecture, exhibiting high utilization of SACs, facile ion transport, low interfacial resistance, and excellent scalability.
Batch and flow electrochemical synthesis of allyl sulfones via sulfonation of allyl trifluoroborates: a robust, regioselective, and scalable approach
Authors: Mollari Leonardo , del Río-Rodríguez Roberto , Fernández-Salas Jose A. , Alemán José
Published: October 2023

A versatile and straightforward electrochemical system for the synthesis of allyl sulfones using readily accessible sulfinates and allyl trifluoroborate salts is presented.
Applications of supramolecular assemblies in drug delivery and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Nisa Kharu , Lone Ishfaq Ahmad , Arif Waseem , Singh Preeti , Rehmen Sajad Ur , Kumar Ravi
Published: October 2023

Supramolecular assemblies based on various functionalized hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronenes, hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes, coronenes, cyclodextrins, and pillarenes are discussed. It is anticipated that these assemblies will be viable candidates for photodynamic therapy.
The afterglow of carbon dots shining in inorganic matrices
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Zheng Yihao , Hu Chaofan , Lei Bingfu , Zhang Xingcai , Liu Yingliang , Zhuang Jianle
Published: October 2023

This is a comprehensive and systematic review focusing on CDs@IMs from multiple perspectives of construction, performance, mechanism, and multifunctional applications.
Modulating redox properties of solid-state ion-conducting materials using microwave irradiation
Authors: Serra J. M. , Balaguer M. , Santos-Blasco J. , Borras-Morell J. F. , Garcia-Baños B. , Plaza-Gonzalez P. , Catalán-Martínez D. , Penaranda-Foix F. , Domínguez A. , Navarrete L. , Catala-Civera J. M.
Published: October 2023

The ability of microwave radiation to evolve O2 and transmute the redox catalytic behaviour in solid-state ionic materials at low temperatures (<220 °C) is characterised and can be used in the electrification of several catalytic processes.
Thermal analysis of micropolar hybrid nanofluid inspired by 3D stretchable surface in porous media
Authors: Alqahtani Aisha M. , Ullah Basharat , Ahmad Bilal , Khan Umar , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Alroobaea Roobaea
Published: October 2023

The study of highly advanced hybrid nanofluids has aroused the interest of academics and engineers, particularly those working in the fields of chemical and applied thermal engineering.
A facile and efficient preparation of prism[6]arene and its dual responsive complexation with 1-adamantane ammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]borate
Authors: Zhang Guojiao , Li Zhengxiang , Pan Zhen , Zhao Dezhi , Han Chengyou
Published: October 2023

We report a facile and efficient preparation of prism[6]arene using the condensation of 2,6-diethoxy-1,5-bis(methoxymethyl)naphthalene catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid.
A hollow cage-like layered double hydroxide-modified carbon paste electrode as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation in neutral media
Authors: Yu Li , Ma Xiaocai , Liang Qin , Fan Yuqing
Published: October 2023

We fabricated a hollow cage-like layered double hydroxide-modified carbon paste electrode as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation in neutral media.
Surfactant-assisted lamellar structuration of tunable Co-based hybrid nanosheets
Authors: Riant Tennessee , Rebiscoul Diane , Maynadié Jérôme , Meyer Daniel
Published: October 2023

Formation of tunable cobalt-based hybrid lamellar nanosheets using a bottom-up approach.
Enantioselective disruption of cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly into chiral nematic phases in d-alanine solutions
Authors: Attia David , Mendelson Orit , Levi-Kalisman Yael , Bitton Ronit , Yerushalmi-Rozen Rachel
Published: October 2023

The chiral environment of enantiomerically pure d-alanine solutions is observed to disrupt and modify the entropy-driven assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a chiral nematic mesophase.
3-Hydroxyflavone is a mildly active and safe cobalt chelator while cobalt markedly enhances baicalein toxicity toward erythrocytes
Authors: Moravcová Monika , Lomozová Zuzana , Kučera Radim , Mladěnka Přemysl
Published: October 2023

Flavonoids were screened for chelation of Co2+ions. The most active, 3-hydroxyflavone and baicalein, as well as inactive quercetin were further tested (the cobalt-triggered Fenton chemistry and erythrocyte lysis in the presence of cobalt ions).
Engineering a molecular ruthenium catalyst into three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Han Wang-Kang , Liu Yong , Feng Jing-Dong , Yan Xiaodong , Pang Huan , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: October 2023

Three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks (3D MCOFs) were constructed by integrating molecular ruthenium water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) for realizing efficient water oxidation.
A sustainable approach for the adsorption of methylene blue from an aqueous background: an adsorbent based on DES/CGS modified GO@ZrO2
Authors: Chavda Vishwajit , Patel Brijesh , Singh Sneha , Hirpara Darshna , Rajeswari V. Devi , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

Gemini surfactants (GSs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) belong to two important classes of industrially important materials which can be used to modify the performances of other entities where they are used for functionalization.
Design and regulation of high-performance photovoltaic systems based on novel two-dimensional KAgSe/KAgX (X = S, Te) van der Waals heterojunctions
Authors: Han Keying , Wang Qiang , Liang Yan , Frauenheim Thomas , Guo Defeng , Wang Bin
Published: October 2023

KAgSe/KAgX (X = S, Te) van der Waals heterostructures: novel and adjustable two-dimensional photovoltaic materials with band alignment phase transitions from type-I to type-II and red-shifted photocurrent peaks in the visible light range under varying vertical electric field.
Effect of dendrimer generation and surface groups on the optoelectronic properties of green emitting bis-tridentate iridium(iii) complexes designed for OLEDs
Authors: Pandit Vaidehi , Jang Junhyuk , Koodalingam Manikandan , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Gao Mile , Burn Paul L. , Puttock Emma V.
Published: October 2023

The role of surface groups (t-butyl versus 2-ethylhexyloxy) and dendron generation (first versus second) on the photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of solution-processable bis-tridentate iridium(iii) complexes has been investigated.
Tuning conducting phases in C3N/C2N heterostructures: applications in thermoelectrics
Authors: Bazrafshan M. Amir , Khoeini Farhad , Stampfl Catherine
Published: October 2023

Due to quantum mechanical effects, nanoscale materials possess unusual and desirable properties.
Heavy-metal-free blue-emitting ZnSe(Te) quantum dots: synthesis and light-emitting applications
Authors: Deng Xiangzhen , Zhang Fengjuan , Zhang Ying , Shen Huaibin
Published: October 2023

Synthesis and improvement strategies of blue ZnSe(Te)-based QDs are reviewed and discussed. Recent advances regarding blue ZnSe(Te)-based light-emitting applications are systematically outlined, and existing challenges and prospects are provided.
Principles, properties, and sensing applications of mechanoluminescence materials
Authors: Yu Junwen , Niu Quanwang , Liu Yun , Bu Yanyan , Zou Hui , Wang Xiangfu
Published: October 2023

We introduced the background of mechanoluminescence (ML) materials development and mainstream ML principles. The applications of ML materials in the sensing neighborhood were introduced.
Risk‐constrained expansion planning of wind integrated networks using innovative MPEC primal‐dual formulation for directly involving price‐based demand response in MILP problem
Authors: Baharvandi Saman , Maghouli Pouria
Published: October 2023

Price‐based demand response (PBDR) programs can push consumers to reconsider their electricity demand regarding the electricity price in the market. The load profile of the whole network can be reshaped in response, which can directly affect the network investment decisions. The decision‐maker had to consider this effect in order to reach an optimal plan for the network. Here, a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model considering a price‐based demand response (PBDR) program is developed for transmission expansion planning (TEP) of wind‐integrated networks and the problem is constrained by the conditional value at risk (CVaR) measure to model the risk of planning and investments for both sides. The proposed model is an originally bi‐level problem with different objective functions in both layers. These objectives are as follows, minimizing the total cost of TEP, consumer payments, and wind curtailment in the first layer, and minimizing the network operational costs in the second layer. Then, using an innovative formulation to overcome the non‐linearities, and using KKT conditions of the second layer problem, the problem recast into a single‐layer mixed integer non‐linear program (MINLP) problem which is called a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) with primal‐dual formulation. The proposed model had been applied to IEEE standard 24‐bus RTS and IEEE standard 118‐bus test systems to show its efficiency.
Characteristics of Co-firing Solid Recovered Fuel with sub-bituminous Coal on Pulverized Coal Boiler Power Plant 300 MWe
Authors: Tanbar Fefria , Cahyo Nur , Zahoor Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The biomass co-firing test was conducted at a pulverized coal power plant with a capacity of 300 MWe to determine the effect of cofiring on the operating parameters, such as Mill Outlet Temperature (MOT), Furnace Exit Gas Temperature (FEGT), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) and environment. Biomass Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) and coal was mixed in a stockpile with a composition of 5 % SRF and 95 % coal. Fuel mix was fed into the four operating bunker mills. The load stabilization process duration is 1 h after the biomass is fed to the boiler by keeping the loading constant at the maximum capacity rate. The data was recorded for 2 h with a retrieval interval of every 15 min. The results showed that the FEGT value during co-firing was 0.7 % lower than during coal firing. The mill outlet temperature ranges from 58 °C to 60 °C in both test conditions. NOx emissions increase by 10.1 %, and SO2 emissions increase by 5.5 % during co-firing than coal-firing conditions. There is no significant change in SFC where the value equals 0.54 kg kWh-1 on both tests.
Study of Physical, Mechanical, and Barrier Edible Film Based on Yellow Sweet Potato with Additional Glycerol and Palm Oil
Authors: Warkoyo Warkoyo , Ichwanun Dzikrika Adiwidya , Amroini Wahyudi Vritta , Dwi Siskawardani Devi , Zahoor Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The increasing use of plastic packaging can pollute the environment because it cannot be decomposed naturally. Therefore, alternative packaging materials are needed that can reduce these problems, such as edible films. The main material for this study is yellow sweet potato starch. Generally, edible films made with starch have a more compact physical character. But less flexible, brittle, and not resistant to moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to add glycerol as a plasticizer and palm oil as a barrier. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of glycerol and palm oil on the characteristics of edible films. This study used the factorial Randomized Block Design method with two factors, namely the concentration of glycerol (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) and palm oil (1 %, 3 %, 5 %). Variables observed in this study include thickness, solubility, transparency, brightness, yellowness, tensile strength, elongation, and WVTR. The results showed that the best treatment was 10 % glycerol concentration and 1 % palm oil concentration with a thickness value of 0.21 mm; solubility in water 29.48 %; transparency 1.30 A546 mm–1; brightness 60.27; yellowish 13.80; tensile strength 0.47 MPa; elongation 58.48 %; and WVTR 4.28 gm-2 d-1.
Vertebral Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Khan Masood Hasan , Khan Arshad H , Siddiqui Rafat J
Published: October 2023

40 patients with cleft lip and palate were radiologically investigated for anomalies to the spine. 7 patients were found to have spine unomalies in this group and the commonest anomaly of bony fusion of cervical vertebrae was found in 3 patients.
Data-driven turbulence anisotropy in film and effusion cooling flows
Authors: Ellis Christopher D. , Xia Hao
Published: October 2023

Film and effusion cooling flows contain complex flow that classical Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models struggle to capture. A tensor-basis neural network is employed to provide an anisotropic model that can reproduce the Reynolds stress fields of large-eddy simulations (LES). High-quality LES datasets are used to train, validate, and test a neural network model. A priori results show the model can reproduce the Reynolds stress field on a cooling case not present in the model's training. The neural networks are employed directly into RANS solver, augmenting a k-ω shear stress transport (SST) model, with conditioning applied. The model provided improvements to Reynolds stress, velocity, and temperature fields in cases not used to train the model, including a multi-hole case that differs from the single-hole geometry used to train the case. Underpredictions of the turbulent kinetic energy field, modeled with the SST transport equation, were found to lead to underpredictions in the neural network produced Reynolds stresses. Correcting this with the LES, resolved turbulent kinetic energy provided further agreement. The method found significant improvements to the surface cooling results that advance the current state-of-the-art in RANS modeling of film and effusion cooling flows.
Mass-selected ion beam generation using two rotating electric-field mass separation technique
Authors: Nojima Masashi
Published: October 2023

This paper describes the origin, principles, practical applications, and future perspectives of mass-selected ion beams generated using two rotating electric-field mass (REF-MS) filters. Our team has been investigating the underlying principles of REF-MS separation and assessing the feasibility of developing suitable systems to realize mass separation and ion beam convergence using rotating electric fields as well as the practicability of this method. This paper focuses on the mechanism underlying the observed cycloid trajectories followed by REF-MS-selected ions. A focused ion beam column with Ga and AuGe liquid metal ion sources (LMISs) was connected to REF-MS optics to assess the mass-selection performance of the filter. The mass-separation ability of this system was demonstrated by the ion projection images of Ga-LMIS (69Ga+ and 71Ga+) and AuGe-LMIS (97Au2+, Au2Ge+, and Au2Ge2+). The column was then replaced with a vacuum electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The size-selected water-cluster ion beams [(H2O)nH]+ were separated based on cluster size, and a microscale crater was created. Co-containing molecular ion beams were revealed using different concentrations of ESI sources, and a mass-separated [Co(DEGBE)4]+ ion beam was constructed.
Pressure drop of cemented high-concentration backfill in pipe flow: Loop test, model comparison and numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Guo Jinping , Wu Aixiang , Wang Hongjiang , Jiang Haiqiang
Published: October 2023

Cemented high-concentration backfill (CHB) is an indispensable solution for mitigating risks associated with underground mining voids and surface tailings ponds. The accurate prediction of pressure drop of CHB in pipe flow is crucial for the design of backfilling systems. In this study, full factorial loop tests were conducted to obtain observed pressure drop data and rheological parameters of CHB, while considering the variables of binder content, solid fraction, and flow velocity. The rheometer method was also utilized to acquire the rheological parameters of CHB for comparison. Three analytical models and one numerical simulation method, which are considered highly accurate in the literature, were employed to predict the pressure drop of CHB in pipe flow. The findings indicate that the Buckingham model and the Darby–Melson model produce identical results as they are fundamentally equivalent. The Swamee–Aggarwal model and the single-phase flow simulation employ a similar mechanism as the Buckingham model, albeit with minor variations in mathematical treatment. The rheological parameters of CHB obtained through the rheometer method are considerably greater than those acquired by the loop test method, leading to significantly higher predicted pressure drop values from both the three analytical models and single-phase flow simulation when compared to the measured values. Whereas the mean deviation of the three analytical models is within 6.5% when employing rheological parameters of CHB determined by the loop test, with the Swamee–Aggarwal model being the most accurate, the mean error of single-phase flow simulation remains within 10%. It is suggested that the rheological parameters of CHB be determined through small-diameter loop testing. The Buckingham model and single-phase flow simulation are subsequently recommended for predicting pressure drop in industrial straight horizontal pipelines and complex piping systems, respectively. The results of this study facilitate the selection of the simplest method for accurately predicting the pressure drop of CHB in pipe flow.
Mixing performance of an expansive mixer on viscoelastic solutions under alternating current electric field
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Xu Huanying , Qi Haitao
Published: October 2023

Development of effective technologies for mixing viscoelastic solutions with reagents is still a challenge, which plays an important role in the fields of disease diagnosis, water desalination, and immunoassay. The purpose of this paper is to numerically study the mixing performance of an expansive mixer on the viscoelastic solution under the impact of an alternating current (AC) electric field through the analyzation of mixing efficiency, the concentration distribution, and average outlet velocity. A poly acrylic acid (PAA) water solution with different concentrations characterized by the Oldroyd-B constitutive model is used as a mixed medium, and an open-source toolbox called rheoTool based on finite volume algorithm is applied to solve the governing equations. We quantitatively determine the mixing efficiency for different PAA concentrations, AC electric field strengths, and frequencies and compare the mixing efficiency created by AC and direct current (DC) electric fields. Our investigation indicates that the mixing efficiency of the mixer diminishes with the PAA concentrations but enhances with the AC electric field strengths for a relatively high polymer concentration, and AC electric fields with different frequencies lead to a larger mixing efficiency than DC electric fields for a low polymer concentration. Additionally, the influence of the model parameters on the average outlet velocity and concentration distribution is discussed at length. Our numerical simulation results show that the mixer has an excellent mixing performance for both Newtonian and viscoelastic solutions, with a mixing efficiency of more than 99% at a low polymer concentration and a stable outflow velocity.
Effect of aging on the low-temperature performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Hu Yanyan
Published: October 2023

To study the effect of aging on the low-temperature crack resistance of fiber asphalt mixes, three kinds of fibers (lignin fiber, polyester fiber, and basalt fiber) were dry blended into AC-13 asphalt mixes to prepare unaged, asphalt aged (that is, the original asphalt material is subjected to aging treatment), short-term aged, and long-term aged fiber reinforced asphalt mixes. Semicircular bending (SCB) tests and scanning electron microscopy tests were used to analyze and study the effects of aging time and fiber type on the low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures at an ambient temperature of −5 °C. The SCB test results indicated that: with the deepening of aging, the fracture toughness and fracture energy of the fiber asphalt mixture specimens will tend to decrease, and the aging of the original asphalt has a greater impact on the specimens without fiber; there was great variability in the effect of lignin fibers on the crack resistance of the mix, but it could be a good promoter in unaged asphalt mixes; polyester fiber is the material of choice for improving low-temperature crack resistance in long-term aging pavements; the incorporation of basalt fiber greatly enhances the crack resistance of asphalt mixes and is an excellent material for improving aging asphalt mixes. It is clearly seen by the scanning electron microscope test that with the deepening of aging, the adhesion of asphalt and aggregate gradually deteriorates, and even more so, there is the phenomenon of fine aggregate flaking, and the fiber cannot play an excellent role in reinforcement and crack resistance.
Optimization-based parameter search of support vector regression for high-temperature compression constitutive modeling of 25CrMo4 steel
Authors: Li Guan Feng , Jiang Yang , Fan Li Feng , Xiao Xing , Zhang Xi Kang , Wang Di
Published: October 2023

An accurate intrinsic structural model is essential to describing the high-temperature deformation behavior of metal materials. Support Vector Regression (SVR) has strong regression analysis capabilities, but its application research in constructing constitutive models of 25CrMo4 steel still needs to be improved. In this study, we use grid search, particle swarm optimization, improved genetic algorithm, and improved gray wolf optimization to optimize SVR parameters. A constitutive relationship model for 25CrMo4 steel under high-temperature compression based on SVR was established through training using experimental data models. The predicted data of SVR constitutive models with different optimization algorithms were compared with experimental data. Statistical values, such as average absolute percentage error (AAPE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and correlation coefficient (R2), were introduced to evaluate the accuracy of each model. The particle swarm optimization-SVR model achieved the best performance, with an AAPE of 0.455 38, MAPE of 0.489 09%, and R2 of 0.999 74. Furthermore, compared to other models, it requires the least time. This model has a higher accuracy than other commonly used instantaneous models. These findings can provide a basis for selecting appropriate deformation parameters and preventing hot working defects of 25CrMo4 steel, thus helping to improve the manufacturing process and material properties.
A next-generation intranasal trivalent MMS vaccine induces durable and broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Xu Jiayu , Zhang Yuexiu , Qu Panke , Shamseldin Mohamed M. , Yoo Sung J. , Misny Jack , Thongpan Ilada , KC Mahesh , Hall Jesse M. , Evans John P. , Eltobgy Mostafa , Lu Mijia , Ye Chengjin , Chamblee Michelle , Liang Xueya , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Amer Amal O. , Yount Jacob S. , Boyaka Prosper N. , Peeples Mark E. , Liu Shan-Lu , Dubey Purnima , Li Jianrong
Published: October 2023

As SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) that evade immunity continue to emerge, next-generation adaptable COVID-19 vaccines which protect the respiratory tract and provide broader, more effective, and durable protection are urgently needed. Here, we have developed one such approach, a highly efficacious, intranasally delivered, trivalent measles-mumps-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MMS) vaccine candidate that induces robust systemic and mucosal immunity with broad protection. This vaccine candidate is based on three components of the MMR vaccine, a measles virus Edmonston and the two mumps virus strains [Jeryl Lynn 1 (JL1) and JL2] that are known to provide safe, effective, and long-lasting protective immunity. The six proline-stabilized prefusion S protein (preS-6P) genes for ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 and two important SARS-CoV-2 VoCs (Delta and Omicron BA.1) were each inserted into one of these three viruses which were then combined into a trivalent “MMS” candidate vaccine. Intranasal immunization of MMS in IFNAR1
−/−
mice induced a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgG response, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies, mucosal IgA, and systemic and tissue-resident T cells. Immunization of golden Syrian hamsters with MMS vaccine induced similarly high levels of antibodies that efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 VoCs and provided broad and complete protection against challenge with any of these VoCs. This MMS vaccine is an efficacious, broadly protective next-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate, which is readily adaptable to new variants, built on a platform with a 50-y safety record that also protects against measles and mumps.
Otoacoustic emissions reveal the micromechanical role of organ-of-Corti cytoarchitecture in cochlear amplification
Authors: Shera Christopher A. , Altoè Alessandro
Published: October 2023

The intricate, crystalline cytoarchitecture of the mammalian organ of Corti presumably plays an important role in cochlear amplification. As currently understood, the oblique, Y-shaped arrangement of the outer hair cells (OHCs) and phalangeal processes of the Deiters cells serves to create differential “push–pull” forces that drive the motion of the basilar membrane via the spatial feedforward and/or feedbackward of OHC forces. In concert with the cochlear traveling wave, the longitudinal separation between OHC sensing and forcing creates phase shifts that yield a form of negative damping, amplifying waves as they propagate. Unlike active forces that arise and act locally, push–pull forces are inherently directional—whereas forward-traveling waves are boosted, reverse-traveling waves are squelched. Despite their attractions, models based on push–pull amplification must contend with otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), whose existence implies that amplified energy escapes from the inner ear via mechanisms involving reverse traveling waves. We analyze hybrid local/push–pull models to determine the constraints that reflection-source OAEs place on the directionality of cochlear wave propagation. By implementing a special force-mixing control knob, we vary the mix of local and push–pull forces while leaving the forward-traveling wave unchanged. Consistency with stimulus-frequency OAEs requires that the active forces underlying cochlear wave amplification be primarily local in character, contradicting the prevailing view. By requiring that the oblique cytoarchitecture produce predominantly local forces, we reinterpret the functional role of the Y-shaped geometry, proposing that it serves not as a push–pull amplifier, but as a mechanical funnel that spatially integrates local OHC forces.
Winespeak in wine’s pics
Authors: Hsu Iju
Published: October 2023

This study investigates how wine pics construct visual winespeak through investigating the metaphor and metonymy
in the Japanese manga, Drops of God. The study demonstrated that metonymy has the indicational function to help
others understand the winespeak quicker and can be elaborated as a visual metaphor as suggested in previous studies (Isabel Negro
Alousque 2015; Zahra Kashanizadeh & Charles
Forceville 2020). Two metonymies related to winespeak include the smell and mouthfeel of the wine. Four common source
domains of metaphor in visual winespeak,
human, nature, art
, and

activity
have been identified. The study further utilized the Visual Narrative Grammar (VNG) proposed
by Neil Cohn (2013a, 2013b, 2015, 2020) to examine the roles of metaphor
and metonymy in visual winespeak. Visual winespeak can be deconstructed as establisher, initial, prolongation, peak, and release.
Findings suggest that the VNG corresponds with the procedure of wine tasting, which involves attack, evolution, and
aftertaste (Rosario Caballero, Ernesto Suárez-Toste & Carita Paradis 2019; Adrienne Lehrer
2009). Also, results show that it is possible to predict the positions of metonymy and metaphor in a narrative of
visual winespeak. Metonymy usually occurs in the establisher, and metaphor tends to be presented in the peak. Their positions in a
narrative further indicate their function. The usage of metonymy aims to set up a concrete and general setting, and metaphor is
used to create a climax. In general, the findings show that, although metaphor and metonymy play different roles in a narrative,
they co-construct a comprehensive and detailed visual narrative to elaborate a winespeak.
Notch1 cortical signaling regulates epithelial architecture and cell–cell adhesion
Authors: White Matthew J. , Jacobs Kyle A. , Singh Tania , Mayo Lakyn N. , Lin Annie , Chen Christopher S. , Jun Young-wook , Kutys Matthew L.
Published: October 2023

Notch receptors control tissue morphogenic processes that involve coordinated changes in cell architecture and gene expression, but how a single receptor can produce these diverse biological outputs is unclear. Here, we employ a 3D model of a human ductal epithelium to reveal tissue morphogenic defects result from loss of Notch1, but not Notch1 transcriptional signaling. Instead, defects in duct morphogenesis are driven by dysregulated epithelial cell architecture and mitogenic signaling which result from the loss of a transcription-independent, Notch1 cortical signaling mechanism that ultimately functions to stabilize adherens junctions and cortical actin. We identify that Notch1 localization and cortical signaling are tied to apical–basal cell restructuring and discover that a Notch1–FAM83H interaction underlies control of epithelial adherens junctions and cortical actin. Together, these results offer new insights into Notch1 signaling and regulation and advance a paradigm in which transcriptional and cell adhesive programs might be coordinated by a single receptor.
TCR ligand potency differentially impacts PD-1 inhibitory effects on diverse signaling pathways
Authors: Chan Waipan , Cao Yuqi M. , Zhao Xiang , Schrom Edward C. , Jia Dongya , Song Jian , Sibener Leah V. , Dong Shen , Fernandes Ricardo A. , Bradfield Clinton J. , Smelkinson Margery , Kabat Juraj , Hor Jyh Liang , Altan-Bonnet Grégoire , Garcia K. Christopher , Germain Ronald N.
Published: October 2023

Checkpoint blockade revolutionized cancer therapy, but we still lack a quantitative, mechanistic understanding of how inhibitory receptors affect diverse signaling pathways. To address this issue, we developed and applied a fluorescent intracellular live multiplex signal transduction activity reporter (FILMSTAR) system to analyze PD-1-induced suppressive effects. These studies identified pathways triggered solely by TCR or requiring both TCR and CD28 inputs. Using presenting cells differing in PD-L1 and CD80 expression while displaying TCR ligands of distinct potency, we found that PD-1-mediated inhibition primarily targets TCR-linked signals in a manner highly sensitive to peptide ligand quality. These findings help resolve discrepancies in existing data about the site(s) of PD-1 inhibition in T cells while emphasizing the importance of neoantigen potency in controlling the effects of checkpoint therapy.
Report on the CCM.T-K2.1 Key Comparison, Measurand Torque: 10 kN∙m and 20 kN∙m, Final Report
Authors: Ogushi K , Dlamini Sipho
Published: October 2023

Main text

The comparison of torque in the range of 10 kN m and 20 kN m was organized and conducted between two laboratories, the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) in the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan, and the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) in South Africa. This comparison aims to link the national torque standards in South Africa to CCM.T-K2 so that NMISA can achieve the degree of equivalence (DOE) of the CMCs of its torque standards. NMIJ, which had joined CCM.T-K2 key comparison in 2008, played a role of a link laboratory. The results of this comparison showed a good agreement in the NMISA's results with the KCRV.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Adaptive Gaussian process regression for efficient building of surrogate models in inverse problems
Authors: Semler Phillip , Weiser Martin
Published: October 2023

In a task where many similar inverse problems must be solved, evaluating costly simulations is impractical. Therefore, replacing the model y with a surrogate model ys
that can be evaluated quickly leads to a significant speedup. The approximation quality of the surrogate model depends strongly on the number, position, and accuracy of the sample points. With an additional finite computational budget, this leads to a problem of (computer) experimental design. In contrast to the selection of sample points, the trade-off between accuracy and effort has hardly been studied systematically. We therefore propose an adaptive algorithm to find an optimal design in terms of position and accuracy. Pursuing a sequential design by incrementally appending the computational budget leads to a convex and constrained optimization problem. As a surrogate, we construct a Gaussian process regression model. We measure the global approximation error in terms of its impact on the accuracy of the identified parameter and aim for a uniform absolute tolerance, assuming that ys
is computed by finite element calculations. A priori error estimates and a coarse estimate of computational effort relate the expected improvement of the surrogate model error to computational effort, resulting in the most efficient combination of sample point and evaluation tolerance. We also allow for improving the accuracy of already existing sample points by continuing previously truncated finite element solution procedures.
Adaptation of metrology-grade ac current source in velocity mode of Planck-Balance 2: direct referencing induced voltages with ac quantum voltage standard
Authors: Vasilyan Suren , Rogge Norbert , Preißler Hannes , Starkloff Michael , Schubert Marco , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: October 2023

The adaptation of developed metrology-grade ac current source (MCS) to the velocity mode of measurements of the Planck-Balance 2 as a means for generating ac mechanical oscillations is presented. The universality in operating with the MCS unit especially practical for the Planck-Balance setup for frequencies of 0.1 Hz–20 Hz (including but not limited to the negligence of a broader range of 0.01 Hz up to several hundred Hz) and for amplitudes of up to 10 mA with 16 (offset with 14)-bit effective resolution is demonstrated. MCS allows generating complex ac waveform signals as waveform synthesizers by adding to the original signal an extra five independent harmonic components, each of which with an adjustable resolution of 10 ns for phase and 16-bit for amplitude. Additionally, the MCS is supported by an external clock at 10 MHz frequency which serves also as a common reference time base for the comparison between the direct output signal of MCS, or of the induced voltage in the coil of the Planck-Balance resulting due to the applied current by MCS, with the ac quantum voltage standard at the required accuracy levels.