bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional Environment of Russian Schools: Overview and Analysis
Authors: Нечаев Михаил , Nechaev Mikhail , Фролова С. , Frolova Svetlana , Куницына С. , Kunitsyna S.
Published: July 2018

Global changes taking place in all spheres of life have had an impact on the sphere of education. The school should prepare a graduate who is able to successfully socialize and be in demand and competitive. That is why the problem of professional self-determination and choice of the future profession for students is especially acute. According to the authors, the training of professional personnel of the XXI century should be carried out in educational organizations with preprofessional training, which is the basis for obtaining high-quality professional education in the very near future. The authors of the article describe the environment of professional self-determination on the basis of early vocational guidance and pre-professional training of schoolchildren, which includes the following blocks: resources, activities, results. The material of the authors can be useful for creating an environment for professional self-determination, early career guidance and pre-professional training of students in educational organizations that will ensure the emergence of a graduate of a “new type” - a young man with the ability to consciously choose a professional path in unity with professional mobility.
Game theory and its economic applications
Authors: Сигал Анатолий , Sigal Anatoliy
Published: July 2018

The manual describes the main sections of game theory, the basic concepts of the theory of economic risks and the conceptual framework for modeling the process of making managerial decisions in the economy based on the combined application of statistical and antagonistic games. Antagonistic games (AG) are the finite games of two persons with zero sum, i.e. matrix games, with classical antagonistic games called AG, given by completely known matrices, and neoclassical antagonistic games – AG, given by partially known matrices.
The manual is intended primarily for masters who study in the direction of training "business information". However, it will be useful for students and postgraduates studying in large groups of areas of training "Economics and Management", "Mathematics and Mechanics", "Management in Technical Systems", as well as scientific and pedagogical workers specializing in the field of the theory of games, risk managers , managers and economists-practitioners.
Bioinformatics Insights Into Microbial Xylanase Protein Sequences
Authors: Anand Deepsikha , Nasim Jeya , Yadav Sangeeta , Yadav Dinesh
Published: July 2018

Microbial xylanases represents an industrially important group of enzymes associated with hydrolysis of xylan, a major hemicellulosic component of plant cell walls. A total of 122 protein sequences comprising of 58 fungal, 25 bacterial, 19actinomycetes and 20 yeasts xylanaseswere retrieved from NCBI, GenBank databases. These sequences were in-silico characterized for homology,sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, motif assessment and physio-chemical attributes. The amino acid residues ranged from 188 to 362, molecular weights were in the range of 20.3 to 39.7 kDa and pI ranged from 3.93 to 9.69. The aliphatic index revealed comparatively less thermostability and negative GRAVY indicated that xylanasesarehydrophilicirrespective of the source organisms.Several conserved amino acid residues associated with catalytic domain of the enzyme were observed while different microbial sources also revealed few conserved amino acid residues. The comprehensive phylogenetic tree indicatedsevenorganismsspecific,distinct major clusters,designated as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The MEME based analysis of 10 motifs indicated predominance of motifs specific to GH11 family and one of the motif designated as motif 3 with sequence GTVTSDGGTYDIYTTTRTNAP was found to be present in most of the xylanases irrespective of the sources.Sequence analysis of microbial xylanases provides an opportunity to develop strategies for molecular cloning and expression of xylanase genes and also foridentifying sites for genetic manipulation for developing novel xylanases with desired features as per industrial needs.
Effects of Adding Coated Urea on in vitro Gas Production of Dairy Cow
Authors: Mazinani M. , Naserian A.A. , Mesgaran M. Danesh , Valizadeh R.
Published: July 2018

In this experiment the effects of different urea products (urea, Paraffin-sulfur Coated Urea (PSCU) and controlled release urea product (Optigen, Alltech Inc., Lexington, KY)) on rumen fermentation were investigated in dependence of different diet sources by using in vitro techniques. The experiment followed a completely randomized design using four N-source treatmentes (urea, Paraffin-sulfur Coated Urea, Optigen and canola meal) in four diets (wheat straw+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source, barley grain+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source, barley grain+ molasses+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source and formulated TMR diets for dairy cow+ %3 isonitrogenous), the cumulative gas production (96 hours) influenced by diets and N-source treatments was different, which was higher gas production in formulated TMR diets for dairy cow and least gas production in wheat straw. The result indicated that Optigen (90.82) and then PSCU (90.81) the highest gas producer in the formulated TMR diets for dairy cow and the canola meal (69.04) and urea (69.43) had the least gas production in wheat straw (P<005). As a result, little difference between treatments for slow-release urea with control (canola) was observed in animal experiments. And therefore reducing feed costs and increasing the efficiency of the rumen microorganisms can be used NPN sources as a replacement for part of dietary protein.
Genetic Susceptibility to Breast cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran
Authors: Pashaei Mahdiyeh , Eivazi Ziaei Jamal , Nikanfar Alireza , Emamalizadeh Babak , Mojtaba Mohaddes Ardebili Seyyed
Published: July 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death among women in the world and in Iran. A number of risk factors for breast cancer development have been identified, among which the most important is positive family history. Alterations in different genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, CHEK2, PTEN, and ATM, also induce a predisposition for breast cancer. Among these changes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations are the strongest drivers of breast cancer predisposition. This study was aimed at contributing to the development of appropriate methods for detecting genetic alterations, such as single or multiple exon deletions and amplifications, in the aforementioned genes. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to determine genetic alterations in 150 female patients who hail from East Azerbaijan, Iran and suffer from familial breast cancer. Specifically, we investigated copy number changes in BRCA1, ATM, p53, CHEK2, and PTEN. MLPA results showed no remarkable mutations in the study population. Size coverage is a critical factor for MLPA to accurately detect potential mutations in familial breast cancer susceptibility genes.
Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management
Authors: ISHAQ LILY
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Ishaq L. 2018. Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management.Trop Drylands 2: 20-24. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of the key functional soil biota that can greatly contribute to crop productivity and agricultural sustainability. Their presence could be influenced by soil conditions, such as land management, and the sporulation of the fungal forming mycorrhiza could be affected by season, i.e., rainy, and dry seasons. Previously, it was found that the abundance of AM fungi was higher under maize cropping with traditional land management (no-tillage, no input of agrochemicals) than that under maize cropping system with more modern land management (tillage, agrochemical input), when the soils were sampled at rainy season. As the presence of AM fungi could be influenced by climate factors i.e., rain/season, the present study was carried out to examine the abundance and diversity of AM fungi in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management in the dry season. At each land management system, three locations of study were purposively selected, and at each location within the cropping system, three soil samples were collected. A total of 9 soil samples representing each land management system were evaluated. The variables observed included AM fungal spore density (expressed as the number of AM fungal spores per 100 g of soil) and biodiversity of AM fungi (expressed as relative abundance of AM fungal spore). It was found that the density of AM fungal spores under a maize cropping system with traditional land management was 203.55 per 100g, whereas only 84.91 spores per 100 g soil were found under a maize cropping system with improved land management, supporting the previous findings. Despite only six AM,0 fungal spores morphotypes were observed under maize plantation land of both traditional and improved land management, the abundance of the morphotype was different between the two land management systems. The study needs to be extended at a broader location and time to get more representative information on the impact of land management on the abundance of AM fungi in tropical agriculture.
The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on callus growth and production flavonoid content on culture callus Acalypha indica L.
Authors: RAHAYU BEKTI , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: July 2018

The Objectives of the research were to study the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on callus initiation and growth, as well as on flavonoid content on Acalypha indica callus. The outline of the research was that Acalypha indica as a medicinal plant potentially to be developed by in vitro culture method. The addition of 2,4-D in culture medium could induce cell proliferation, meanwhile, it also affects callus growth and production. Completely randomized design with three replicates was used in this study. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT with 5% confidence level. The research consists of two experiments. Firstly, to study the effect of medium Murashige and Skoogâ€™s composition on callus production. The media used in this experiment were medium MS and medium MS with 2,4-D 0,5 mg/L and kinetin 0,5 mg/L. Secondly, to study the effect of 2,4-D on callus growth with 4 concentrations (0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L). The research variables were initiation time, weight change, texture and color of callus. Chlorophyll content was analyzed spectrophotometrically, but flavonoid content was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The research on callus production stage indicated that 0,5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0,5 mg/L kinetin were better than 0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0 mg/L kinetin, and resulted in highest weight change at eight weeks (920 mg). Additional amount of 3 mg/L of 2,4-D resulted in the best growth of callus indicated by highest addition of weight (10160 mg) at eight weeks. The chlorophyll analysis showed that 0 mg/L 2,4-D produced highest chlorophyll content of 3,74 Âµmol. The callus chlorophyll content would lower with rising 2,4-D concentration. The flavonoid analysis using TLC was negative on callus.
The effect of vitamin C toward the improvement of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa quality on mice (Mus musculus L.) after the addition of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: NUGRAHENI TITISARI , ASTIRIN OKID PARAMA , WIDIYANI TETRI
Published: July 2018

The aim of this research was to describe the ability of vitamin C in improving the spermatogenesis and spermatozoa quality of mice after the treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) extract. The framework of the research was that it was already known that vitamin C was one of the anti-oxidant, which was able to counter free radical of the nicotine obtained in tobacco extract in improving the spermatogenesis. The research would be conducted by grouping the mice into 6 groups, and each group consists of 4 repetitions in 35 days. The first group was as control, the second group was treated with C vitamin in the dosage of 0.024 mg/g of body weight, the third group was treated with tobacco extract in the dosage of 0,121 mg/g of body weight, the fourth group was treated with tobacco extract in the dosage of 0,121 mg/g of body weight and C vitamin of 0,012 mg/g of body weight, the fifth group was treated with tobacco extract in the dosage of 0,121 mg/g of body weight and C vitamin of 0,024 mg/g of body weight, and the sixth group was treated with tobacco extract in the dosage of 0,121 mg/g of body weight and C vitamin of 0,036 mg/g of body weight. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that tobacco extract treatment could decrease spermatogenesis quality and spermatozoa quality of mice (Mus musculus L.). C Vitamin could improve spermatogenesis and spermatozoa quality of mice after tobacco extract treatment. The optimal dosage of C vitamin treatment to improve the spermatogenesis and the quality of spermatozoa after the addition of tobacco extract treatment was 0,024 mg/g of weight.
REVIEW: Ellagitannin; biosynthesis, isolation, and biological activities
Authors: HERNAWAN UDHI EKO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

Ellagitannin is one of the bioactive groups produced by some of medicinal plants. Ellagitannin is a hydrolysable tannin compound biosynthesized via shikimic acid â€“ gallic acid â€“ pentagalloilglucose pathway. Ellagitannin can be isolated by cascade extraction procedures followed by column chromatography method and preparative HPLC method. The biological activities of ellagitannin are caused by molecular bond between ellagitannin and some other compound, especially protein that makes complex compound and changes physiological processes in cells or tissues of the livingthinks. Biological activities of ellagitannin included anti-diabetic, anti-microbes, anti-viruses, anti-hypertension, antioxidative, and anti-cancer or anti-tumor.
Selection and identification of cellulolitic and lignocellulolitic fungi from organic waste of cajuput oil (Melaleuca leucadendron L.) from KPH Gundih, Regency of Grobogan
Authors: ZUMROTININGRUM BASTIYAH DEWI , SUSILOWATI ARI , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were isolating and selecting fungi that degrading cellulose and lignocellulose of organic waste from cajuput oil distillation. The research outline is organic waste from cajuput oil distillation contain cellulose and lignocellulose that cause naturally composting process take long time. The difficulty of organic waste decomposition depends on the matters in the tissue. To speed up decomposition process it need microorganism. Fungi have more ability to degrade cellulose and lignocellulose than bacteria. Because of that it was necessary to isolate and select fungi that able to degrade cellulose and lignocellulose of organic waste from cajuput oil distillation. This research was done by isolating and identifying fungi from organic waste from cajuput oil distillation and soil where organic waste from cajuput oil distillation was throw away. The selection cellulolytic fungi by inoculate fungi on CMC agar medium and to select lignocellulolytic fungi by inoculate soil dilution 10-4 to agar medium, which was added with organic waste from cajuput oil distillation. The result showed that total of 6 fungi were isolated from organic waste from cajuput oil distillation and soil where organic waste from cajuput oil distillation was throw away. Aspergillus parasiticus, A. nidulans, and Trichoderma harzianum have ability to degrade cellulose. Fungi that have ability to degrade lignocellulose of organic waste from cajuput oil distillation is A. parasiticus. A. parasiticus more potential degrade cellulose and lignocellulose organic waste from cajuput oil distillation than other fungi that found.
Synthesis of perfume compound etil p-anisat from anethole
Authors: KUSUMANINGSIH TRIANA , HANDAYANI DESI SUCI , MAKRUF ANDI
Published: July 2018

Synthesis of ethyl p-anisate from anethole has been done. Ethyl p-anisate is ester compound which can use as perfume component. p-anisic acid was synthesized from anethole (1 mole) which oxidised by KMnO4 (3 moles) at 40oC for 2 hours. Esterification with ethanol carried out at 78,5oC for 6 hours. Identification and determination structure compound of product synthesis used spectroscopic methods (GC, GC-MS and IR). Anethole has been isolated from anise oil as 90,3%. p-Anisic acid and ethyl p-anisate as synthesized products got 45% and 79,9% respectively.
Volatile oils analysis of fern (Pteridophyte) around Pangajaran waterfalls, Wonosalam, Jombang
Authors: MARINI YUYUN , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

The aims of the research were: to know species diversity of fern (Pteridophyte) from Pangajaran, Wonosalam, Jombang, to know fern species containing volatile oil, to know concentration and percentage similarity of substances and characteristics of the substances containing in the oil, and to know the structure of cell producing volatile oil in trees and leaf of the fern. Fern diversity was studied by field survey, volatile oil concentration measured by hydro-distillation followed with gas chromatography to further know the components in the oil, while structure of the cell producing volatile oil was detected cross section of the trees and leaf for microscopic analysis. Based on the data and analysis result can be concluded that there were 13 fern species in Pangajaran. Two of the 13 species were confirmed as producing volatile oil, Pteris beaurita Linn. and Cyathea contaminans, that were produced volatile on their leaf only. Concentration of volatile oil of leaf P. beaurita was 0,005%, while in C. contaminans 0,01%. Percentage similarity of the volatile oil between two species based on its Retention Time (RT) was 2,5%, at the RT point of 21.247 in P. beaurita and at RT point of 21.294 in C. contaminans. Percentage similarity of both species based on morphological characters was 36.36%. Location of volatile oil producing cells in both species of fern was spreadly dispersed in schlerenchyma tissue and in mesophyll tissue of the leaf.
Isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from Curcumaâ€™s rhizome (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.)
Authors: NUGRAHANINGTYAS KHOIRINA DWI , MATSJEH SABIRIN , WAHYUNI TUTIK DWI
Published: July 2018

This research was aimed to isolate and identify the flavonoid compounds from curcumaâ€™ rhizome (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb: Zingiberaceae). The extraction was carried out by Soxhlet method using petroleum eter, chloroform, nbutanol and methanol as the solvent agent. Those extract then qualitatively tested to identify the presence of flavonoid. Flavonoid then isolated from the extract of petroleum eter by column chromatography. The fraction resulted from chromatographic was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Flavonoid identification was tested by color test, spectrophotometer UV-Vis, IR and GC-MS. The color test result showed that extract of petroleum eter, chloroform and n-butanol contain flavonoid. The analyzed single fraction from column chromatography showed that f2 contains isoflavone with 2 methoxy and 1 ethyl substitutes, f4 contains isoflavone with 2 methoxy substitutes, then f9 contains isoflavone with 1 hydroxy and 2 methoxy substitutes.
The effect of naftalene acetic acid (NAA) on growth and essential oil contents of jasmine callus (Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.)
Authors: WIDYAWATI GENINGSIH , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , MARLIYANA SOERYA DEWI
Published: July 2018

The objectives of the research was to determine the effect of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in variation concentration on the growth and the essential oil contents in Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. callus. The research used a completely randomized design with one treatment due to NAA concentration, with five replications. The treatment was the application of NAA (0 mg/L; 0.5 mg/L; 1.0 mg/L; 1.5 mg/L; and 2.0 mg/L) on the MS media. The growth of J. sambac callus was examined after 5 weeks incubation. Essential oil contents of J. sambac callus were tested by Gas Chromatography (GC). The results of the research indicated that NAA did not give a significant influence on the growth and the essential oil contents of J. sambac callus.
Effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on hepatic microanatomy structure and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase levels in rats after oral treatment of CCl4
Authors: TRISTININGRUM WIWIK YULIA , HARINI MARTI , WIDIYANI TETRI
Published: July 2018

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is known to have various pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-cholesterol, anti-atherosclerosis, thrombocyte antiaggregation, initiate fibrinolysis, antiviral and antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) on the microanatomy structure of liver and the serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) after the oral treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The study was conducted by using 25 Wistar strain rat aged 2-3 months with body weight 200-250 grams divided into five groups, each group consisted of 5 rats as replicates which kept under the same conditions and treated for 28 days. The results showed that the treatment of garlic extract had an effect on the improvement of microanatomy structure of damaged liver cells in rats after oral treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The damage was in the form of fatty liver, pyknotic, karyorrhexis, karyolysis and central vein dilatation. The treatment of garlic extract also reduced the serum pyruvate-transaminase glutamate (SGPT) levels in rats after the oral treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
The growth and reserpine content of callus culture of Rauvolfia verticillata on the variation of sucrose concentration in MS medium
Authors: IRMAWATI IRMAWATI , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: July 2018

Irmawati, Solichatun, Anggarwulan E. 2007. The growth and reserpine content of callus culture of Rauvolfia verticillata on the variation of sucrose concentration in MS medium. Biofarmasi 5: 38-46. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the variation of sucrose concentration on the growth and reserpine content on callus culture of Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baillon. The research was conducted with callus culture method consisted of two stages. The first stage was callus initiation to induce callus from leaf explant of R. verticillata, and the second stage was the reserpine production on treatment medium. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by one factor, i.e. the variation of sucrose concentration. The sucrose concentration consisted of five levels, i.e. 0 g/L, 10 g/L, 20 g/L, 30 g/L and 40 g/L, each concentration in five replicates. The collected data consisted of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data, callus morphology, was presented descriptively. The quantitative data, included fresh weight callus, dry weight callus and reserpine content, were analyzed by using ANOVA and followed by DMRT at 5% significance level. The result of research showed that the variation of sucrose concentration influenced fresh weight callus, dry weight callus and reserpine content. The increasing of sucrose concentration tended to raise callus growth, which could be seen from the fresh and dry weight callus. The highest fresh weight callus was found in medium with sucrose concentration of 20 g/L, while the highest dry weight callus was found in medium with sucrose concentration of 40 g/L. The increasing of sucrose concentration until 30 g/L raised reserpine content, but the sucrose concentration over 30 g/L decreased the reserpine content.
Characterization of composite edible film from glucomanan of iles-iles (Amorphopallus muelleri) tuber and cornstarch
Authors: SISWANTI SISWANTI , ANANDITO R. BASKORO KATRI , MANUHARA GODRAS JATI
Published: July 2018

Siswanti, Anandito RBK, Manuhara GJ. 2009. Characterization of composite edible film from glucomanan of iles-iles (Amorphopallus muelleri) tuber and cornstarch. Biofarmasi 7: 10-21. The use of glucomanan and cornstarch flour combination is presumed to produce a strong but elastic edible film as well as to have a lower permeability to H2O. The objectives of this research were: (i) to find out the characteristic of glucomanan resulted from extraction, (ii) to find out the effect of glucomanan resulted from extraction on the physical (thickness and solvability) and mechanical (elongation and tensile strength) properties, as well as edible film inhibition of glucomanan-maizena combination against the water vapour transmission rate, (iii) to find out the edible film capability in inhibiting the apple weight loss through wrapping method, and (iv) to find out the edible film capability in inhibiting the apple weight loss and browning through coating method. This research consisted of six major steps, i.e. material storage, glucomanan extraction, glucomanan characterization, edible film preparation, edible film characterization, and edible film application. In this research, a completely random design was used with two replications in preparing edible film for each treatment of glucomanan concentration and two replications for the edible film characterization testing for each film preparation replication. The data obtained was analyzed for variance, if there was a difference, it was followed with Duncan Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 0.05. The rendemen of iles-iles flour and glucomanan were 15% and 9.88%, respectively. The glucomanan resulted from isolation consisted of 9.78% water, 1.54% N, 0.41% fat, 3.40% ash, 0.55% crude fibre and 84.87% carbohydrate. The increased glucoman concentration tended to increase the thickness, solvability, tensile strength, and elongation of edible film, but it decreased the water vapour transmission rate. The lowest water vapour transmission rate was occured at the edible film with glucoman addition of 15%. The apple pieces weight loss with wrapping method was about 0.0885 g/hour. In coating method, the best result was obtained from composite film of glucomanancornstarch 15%, because of having the lowest weight loss of 0.0597 g/hour and indifferent color brightness of apple until the third-day observation.
The effect of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract protection on mice gastric histology damage induced by aspirin
Authors: RACHMAWATI PEDIANA , SUPARYANTI ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH , ISDARYANTO ISDARYANTO
Published: July 2018

Rachmawati P, Suparyanti EL, Isdariyanto. 2010. The effect of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract protection on mice gastric histology damage induced by aspirin. Biofarmasi 8: 41-46. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract protection on mice (Mus musculus) gastric histology damage induced by aspirin. This study belongs to an experimental laboratory research with post-test only controlled group design. The tested animals used were 25 Swiss Webster male mice in 6-8 weeks age and Â±20 g body weight, divided into 5 groups: (i) control group (K) that given with 0.2 mL CMC, Na 0.5% and 0.1 mL aquadest, (ii) treatment group I (P1) that given with 0.2 mL aquadest and 0.1 mL aspirin with a dosage of 1.7 mg/20 g BW mice per oral, (iii) treatment group II (PII) that given with 0.2 mL meniran extract with a dosage of 1.3 mg/20 g BW per oral and 0.1 mL aspirin with a dosage of 1.7 mg/20 g BW mice per oral, (iv) treatment group III (PIII) that given with 0.2 mL meniran extract with a dosage of 2.6 mg/20 g BW per oral and 0.1 mL aspirin with a dosage of 1.7 mg/20 g BW mice per oral, and (v) a positive control group (PIV) that given with 0.2 Cimetidine with a dosage of 2.6 mg/20 g BW per oral and 0.1 mL aspirin with a dosage of 1.7 mg/20 g BW mice per oral. The gastric histological description could be seen with a bright light microscope with 100x magnification followed by 400x magnification. Then, the gastric histological description was divided into normal, light damage, and heavy damage. The data obtained were analyzed by using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical tests at Î± = 0.05. The results of Kruskal Wallis statistical test showed that there was at least one population with a value that higher than other population. The result of Mann Whitney statistical test showed that there was a significant difference between groups K-PI, PI-PII, PI-PIII, and PI-PIV, and no significant difference between K-PII, K-PIII, K-PIV, PII-PIII, PII-PIV, and PIII-PIV. The conclusion of the research was the meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract can give a protection on mice (Mus musculus) gastric histological damage induced by aspirin.
The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro
Authors: SARI SITA AULIA , DHARMAWAN RUBEN , DIRGAHAYU PARAMASARI
Published: July 2018

Sari SA, Dharmawan R, Dirgahayu P. 2012. The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. Biofarmasi 10: 17-22. Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection on skin that one of them caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Dermatophytosis treatment by using chemical drugs has many shortcomings, such as a high cost and a drug resistance. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx content was flavonoid, which have an antifungal effect. Flavonoids on roselle calyx include anthocyanin, gossypeptin (hexahydroxyflavone) 3-glucoside, flavonol glucoside hibiscritin, flavonoid gossypeptin, delphinidine 3-monoglucoside, cyanidin 3-monoglucoside. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of roselle calyx on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. The study was performed as an experimental laboratory. The object of study was T. rubrum. The sample of T. rubrum colonies in this study was taken by a random sampling. The study used T. rubrum colonies on seven Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. Each plate had four holes. Each hole was filled by aquadest as a negative control, fluconazole 25 Âµg/mL as a positive control, and various roselle calyx extract concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The plates were incubated in an incubator with a temperature of 25oC for 7 days and measured for the diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect. The data were collected and analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Least Significance Difference (LSD) tests on SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result of One-way ANOVA test showed that there was a difference of inhibition diameter mean among all of the various roselle calyx extract concentration groups (p<0.05). The diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect increased for each concentration up to 50%. The inhibition diameter of positive control compared to 20% roselle calyx extract concentration had no a significant difference. The study was concluded that roselle calyx extract has an antifungal effect to T. rubrum growth in vitro.
The effect of meniran herbs extract (Phyllantus niruri) to triglycerides blood level in wistar rats
Authors: KAHONO JUDO YUSTANTO , KISRINI KISRINI , MARIYAH YUL
Published: July 2018

Kahono JY, Kisrini, Mariyah Y. 2012. The effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri) extract to blood triglyceride level in rats. Biofarmasi 10: 23-27. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri L.) extract to blood triglycerides level in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experiment was a laboratory experiment with pre and post-test with a control group design. The samples were 30 male Wistar rats with Â±200 gram of body weight and Â±2 months old. The samples were divided into five groups by using a purposive random sampling technique and each group consisted of six rats. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control, and groups III, IV and V as meniran herbs extract groups with first dose, second dose, and third dose. All rats were simultaneously given with hyperlipemic feed. Group II was simultaneously administered with Cholvastin 0.5 mg/200 grams body weight/day. Groups III, IV and V were simultaneously treated with meniran herbs extract at dose of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/200 grams body weight/day. The total period of this experiment was 21 days. At the day 1st and 21st, blood was collected from rat orbital venous plexus. Serum was analyzed for their pre and post-test blood triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc test. The value of p=0.002 (p<0.05) showed there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in delta means of blood triglycerides level among groups. Meniran herbs extract had a significant triglycerides lowering effect against blood triglycerides level of Wistar rats. The most potential of meniran herbs extract dose was 100 mg/200 gram body weight/day.
Antipyretic effect of key lime (Citrus aurantiifolium) leaf extract on white rats
Authors: WIDOWATI AMELIA KARTIKA , HIKMAYANI NUR HAFIDHA , PAMUNGKASARI ETI PONCORINI
Published: July 2018

Widowati AK, Hikmayani NH, Pamungkasari EP. 2012. Antipyretic effect of key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) leaf extract on white rats. Biofarmasi 10: 35-39. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic effect of key lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) leaf extract on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced fever by using DPT vaccine. Thirty male white rats with the body weight of Â±200 grams and the age of 2-3 months old were used in this study. Those rats were grouped equally into five groups, consisted of a negative control group (2 mL aquabidest), a positive control group (acetaminophen 6.3 mg/100 g of body weight), the first dose of key lime leaf extract (1.26 mg/100 g of body weight), the second dose (2.52 mg/100 g of body weight) and the third dose (5.04 mg/100 g of body weight). The measurement of rat temperature was conducted before and 2 hours after getting DPT vaccine, and every 30 minutes posttreatment until 120 minutes. Data at the 120th minute were analyzed by using One-Way Anova test. The results of One-Way Anova test showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatment groups. The results of post-hoc test analysis showed that the significant differences (p<0.05) were found between a negative control group and four other groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between a positive control group and three groups of key lime leaf extract. It concluded that the key lime leaf extract has an antipyretic effect on white male rats.
Effectiveness of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) and bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) seed extracts for controlling fruit pest in cocoa
Authors: NUGRAHAENI FAZRIA , WIJAYANTI RETNO , NOTOSANDJOJO Y.V. PARDJO
Published: July 2018

Nugrahaeni F, Wijayanti R, Notosandjojo YVP. 2013. Effectiveness of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) and bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) seed extracts for controlling fruit pest in cocoa. Biofarmasi 11: 7-12. Cocoa is one plantation commodity whose role is quite important for the national economy. Nevertheless, the agribusiness of cocoa in Indonesia still had many complex problems, such as a low productivity that caused by pest and disease. Conopomorpha cramerella, or known in Indonesia as Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), is one of the major pests of the most destructive pest in cocoa. Fruit-sucking pest of Helopeltis antonii is a major obstacle for the cultivation of cocoa in addition to CPB in Indonesia. The using of chemical pesticides can cause negative impacts for human, such as pest resistance, toxicity and environmental pollution. This study was to determine the effect of mahkota dewa and bengkuang seed extracts against C. cramerella (CPB) and Helopeltis antonii. The research was conducted in September 2010 until January 2011 in the cocoa plantation of Wakah Village, Ngrambe Subdistrict, Ngawi. The research included the making of mahkota dewa and bengkuang seed extracts, the sample selection, and the testing of sampel. The observed variabel of research included the symptoms of CPB attack, the percentage of cocoa beans damage caused by CPB, the symptoms of H. antonii attack, the percentage of fruit damage, the number of nymph and imago of H. antonii and other pests. The observation data were analyzed descriptively and by t-test. The results showed that mahkota dewa and bengkuang seed extracts had no significant effect on the CPB and Helopeltis antonii attack. The damage of cocoa pods largely caused by black pod disease of Phytophthora palmivora.
Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil
Authors: TYASARI KHUSNUL DWI , KIYATNO KIYATNO , BALGIS BALGIS
Published: July 2018

Tyasari KD, Kiyatno, Balgis. 2016. Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil. Biofarmasi 14: 24-31. This research had an objective to know the effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposure by 5-fluorouracil. This research was a pure experiment with post test only control group design. We used 28 male Wistar Rats that were divided into 4 groups; control group, 5-FU group, 5-FU+ginger extract 9 mg dose group, and 5- FU+ginger extract 18 mg dose group. At days 3, 5, 7, and 9, 2 rats per day were killed by decapitation. Then the ileal rats were made to be sections and were colored by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). From each section, we measured height of 1 villi and depth of 1 cript in 3 vision field. The data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test with SPSS for Windows Release 16.0 program. Kruskal-Wallis test showed mean of villus height had p-value = 0,083 in day 3, p-value = 0,083 in day 5, p-value = 0,139 in day 7, and p-value = 0,160 in day 9. Whereas mean of cript depth had p-value = 0,114 in day 3, p-value = 0,198 in day 5, p-value = 0,083 in day 7, and p-value = 0,092 in day 9. All of p-values showed p > 0.05 in which there were no significant differences. From this experiment, we concluded that there was no effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage of ileal rats which exposure by 5-FU.
Comparative study of crude and refined edible oils of sunflower and peanut
Authors: MOHAMMED ESHTIAG IBRAHIM , ALI ELMUGDAD AHMED
Published: July 2018

Mohammed EI, Ali EA. 2017. Comparative study of crude and refined edible oils of sunflower and peanut. Biofarmasi (Rumphius J Nat Prod Biochem) 15: 1-4. The objective of this study was to compare crude and refined edible oils of sunflower and peanut from their physical properties like color, moisture, density and refractive index, and chemical properties like peroxide value, zero fatty acid, acid value, saponifiable and non-saponifiable value. For example, after refining process, the moisture content of sunflower oil was reduced from 0.07% to 0.02% and from 0.13% to 0.02% on peanut oil, the peroxide value of sunflower oil was decreased from 13.94 meq/kg to 2.77 meq/kg and from 3.137 meq/kg to 0.2 meq/kg on peanut oil. Gas chromatographic applied on sunflower oil showed that stearic acid area percentage was decreased from 0. 1.8805 to 0.3510 after refining, and for peanut oil, it was decreased from 11.1643 to 1.0281 after refining. This study showed marked differences in the physicochemical properties of sunflower and those of peanut. These properties of each crude oil were significantly changed when it was subjected to the refining process. Fatty acid components of both crude and refined were determined by GC. The study showed striking differences in the crude and refined oils from sunflower and peanut types.
Modeling and synthesis of antiplasmodial chromones, chromanones and chalcones based on natural products of Kenya
Authors: SCOLASTICA MANYIM , NDAKALA ALBERT J. , DERESE SOLOMON
Published: July 2018

Scolastica M, Ndakala AJ, Derese S. 2018. Modeling and synthesis of antiplasmodial chromones, chromanones and chalcones based on natural products of Kenya. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 8-21. Despite numerous research that has been done on plants of Kenya resulting in the isolation of thousands of natural products, data on these natural products are not systematically organized in a readily accessible form. This has urged the construction of a web-based database of natural products of Kenya. The database is named Mitishamba and is hosted at http://mitishamba.uonbi.ac.ke. The Mitishamba database was queried for chromones, chromanones, and chalcones that were subjected to structure-based drug design using Fred (OpenEye) docking utility program with 1TV5 PDB structure of the PfDHODH receptor to identify complex of ligands that bind with the active site. Ligand-based drug design (Shape and electrostatics comparison) was also done on the ligands against query A77 1726 (38) (the ligand that co-crystallized with PfDHODH receptor) using ROCS and EON programs, respectively, of OpenEye suite. There was a substantial similarity among the top performing ligands in the docking studies with shape and electrostatic comparison that led to the identification of compounds of interest which were targeted for synthesis and antiplasmodial assay. In this study, a chromanone (7-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) chroman-4-one (48)) and two intermediate chalcones (2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (45) and 2’,4’-dihydroxy-4-chlorochalcone (47)), were synthesized and subjected to antiplasmodial assay. Among these substances, 45 showed vigorous activity, whereas 47 and 48 had moderate activity against the chloroquine resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values of 4.56±1.66, 17.62 ± 5.94 and 18.01 ±1.66 µg/ml, respectively. Since the synthesized compounds showed antiplasmodial potential, there is a need for further computational refinement of these compounds to optimize their antiplasmodial activity.
Parthia capta: La última Res Gesta del emperador
Authors: González Julián
Published: July 2018

El año 114 d. C. Trajano emprende la última y más gloriosa de sus hazañas: la guerra contra el imperio parto, que concluiría con la derrota de sus adversarios, la conquista de su capital Ctesifonte y la creación de tres nuevas provincias: Armenia, Mesopotamia y Asiria, por lo cual el senado le honró con los títulos de Optimus Augustus y el cognomen devictae gentis, Parthicus. Su repentina muerte en Selinunte, ciudad de Cilicia, en agosto del 117 d. C. y la decisión de su sucesor, Adriano, de abandonar el territorio conquistado nos han privado de conocer el final de tan exitosa empresa. The year 114 AD Trajan undertakes the last and most glorious of his deeds: the war against the Parthian empire, which would conclude with the defeat of his adversaries, the conquest of his capital Ctesiphon and the creation of three new provinces: Armenia, Mesopotamia and Assyria. Then the Senate honored him with the titles of Optimus Augustus and the cognomen devictae gentis, Parthicus. His sudden death in August 117 AD in Selinunte, a city of Cilicia, and the decision by his successor Hadrian of forsaking the conquered territory have deprived us of knowing the end of such a successful campaign.
Nada es relativo. Un estudio audiovisual del posicionamiento ético de Breaking Bad
Authors: Gelado Marcos Roberto , Figuero Espadas Javier , Lanuza Avello Ana
Published: July 2018

La conducta ética y moral de Walter White le ha convertido en uno de los personajes de ficción que ha levantado mayor debate entre críticos, académicos y a nivel popular. En este artículo se indaga si esa fascinación sobre el antihéroe que provoca un posicionamiento moral acerca de su proceder, existe también al otro lado de la cámara. Para ello, se examinan aspectos como la escala y la angulación de los planos, la utilización de movimientos de cámara, los juegos de focos o el empleo significativo de la luz en cuatro momentos narrativos cruciales.
Specific risks and profitability of Islamic Banks in MENA region
Authors: ZRELLI BEN HAMIDA Nadia , ABDALLAH Ali
Published: July 2018

Islamic banks offer Sharia-compliant financial products. In addition to conventional risks, these banks face specific risks which will have negative effects. We investigate the effects of specific risks on the performance and the stability of a sample of 53 Islamic banks located in 11 Middle East North Africa countries including five oil-rich monarchies. Data are drawn from the Bankscope database and the annual reports of these banks over the period of 1998-2014. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, first of all, we designed a series of composite indicators to quantify specific risks of non-Sharia-compliance. In the second step, we applied correlation analysis, Spearman and Kendall correlation tests and a panel analysis in order to address the relationship between the performance and specific risks upon a subsample. According to the results, the relationship between performance and specific risks is significantly positive whereas the impact of each partial indicator remains ambiguous.
Management of functionaries’ development of the enterprise management system by application of the criteria experts assessment by method of functional reliability
Authors: Petrenko Victor , Psiuk Roman
Published: July 2018

Emphasis on the importance and necessity of human resources management at the enterprise is made. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the evaluation of managers, in particular the characteristics of their functional suitability. The functional characteristics of the company's managers, necessary for the accomplishing of tasks, are highlighted. The expediency of research and of the managers' behavior evaluation results at the enterprise was substantiated in order to form such characteristics of its activity that would contribute to the achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprise through the proper management of human resources development. The original methodology for conducting of such evaluation is proposed and conclusions and recommendations are made regarding the formulation of strategic goals of human resource development management. The necessity of taking into account the conditions of the manager work environment, in particular, the number of people in the subordination, to choose the methods of their training and development, is substantiated.
Muhammed Abduh’un Kur’an Anlayışı Muhammed Abduh’s Perception Of Quran
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ahmet
Published: July 2018

Muhammed Abduh, Kur’an
yorumunda özgün bir anlayışa sahiptir. Abduh’un yorumlarında onun pragmatik yönü
ön plana çıkmaktadır. O, Kur’an’ı bir hidayet kitabı olarak görmektedir. Hayata
yansıtılan bir Kur’an anlayışını benimsemektedir. Akli bir bakış açısıyla
ayetleri değerlendirmektedir. Kur’an’ın, herkesin anlayabileceği bir yapıda
olduğu kanaatindedir. Müslümanların onu anlamak için herhangi bir aracıya
ihtiyaçları yoktur. Bu açıdan Kur’an ona göre Müslümanların hayatlarının
merkezinde yer almalıdır. Öte yandan Kur’an ve sünnet birbirinin tamamlayıcısı
iki temel kaynaktır. Ama hadislerin güvenirliği konusunda bakış açısı genelde
olumsuz bir yapıdadır. Hadisleri kabul/red konusunda onun kendine özgü
kriterleri vardır. Bu nedenle sahih olan birçok hadisi reddedebilmektedir. Fikirleriyle
çığır açan bir kişiliğe sahiptir. Onun Kur’an’a bakış açısının ortaya konması
önem arz etmektedir. Yapılacak bir çalışma aynı zamanda önemli bir boşluğu da
dolduracaktır.  Çünkü konuyla ilgili çok
fazla çalışma yoktur. Bu araştırmamız, Abduh’un Kur’an anlayışını ortaya koymak
amacına yönelik olacaktır. Bunu ortaya koyarken özellikle kendi eserlerinden
istifade edilecektir. Bunun yanında konuyla ilgili
diğer kaynaklardan da yararlanılacaktır.
Regularity of solutions of the parabolic normalized p-Laplace equation
Authors: Høeg Fredrik Arbo , Lindqvist Peter
Published: July 2018

The parabolic normalized p-Laplace equation is studied.
We prove that a viscosity solution has a time derivative in the sense of Sobolev belonging locally to

L
2

{L^{2}}

.