bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating abundance with interruptions in data collection using open population spatial capture-recapture models
Authors: Milleret Cyril , Dupont Pierre , Chipperfield Joseph , Turek Daniel , Brøseth Henrik , Gimenez Olivier , de Valpine Perry , Bischof Richard
Published: June 2019

The estimation of population size remains one of the primary goals and challenges in ecology and provides a basis for debate and policy in wildlife management. Despite the development of efficient non-invasive sampling methods and robust statistical tools to estimate abundance, maintenance of field sampling is still subject to economic and logistic constraints. These can result in intentional or unintentional interruptions in sampling and cause gaps in data time series, posing a challenge to abundance estimation, and ultimately conservation and management decisions.

We applied an open population spatial capture-recapture (OPSCR) model to simulations and a real case study to test the reliability of abundance inferences models to interruption in data collection. Using individual detections occurring over consecutive sampling occasions, OPSCR models allow the estimation of abundance from individual detection data while accounting for lack of demographic and geographic closure between occasions. First, we simulated sampling data with interruptions in field sampling of different lengths and timing. We checked the performance of an OPSCR model in deriving abundance for species with slow and intermediate life history strategies. Finally, we introduced artificial sampling interruptions of various magnitudes and timing to a five-year non-invasive monitoring data set of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Norway and quantified the consequences for OPSCR model predictions.

Inferences from OPSCR models were reliable even with temporal interruptions in monitoring. Interruption did not cause any systematic bias, but increased uncertainty. Interruptions occurring at occasions towards the beginning and the end of the sampling caused higher uncertainty. The loss in precision was more severe for species with a faster life history strategy.

We provide a reliable framework to estimate abundance even in the presence of sampling interruptions. OPSCR allows monitoring studies to provide contiguous abundance estimates to managers, stakeholders, and policy makers even when data are non-contiguous. OPSCR models do not only help cope with unintentional interruptions during sampling but also offer opportunities for using intentional sampling interruptions during the design of cost-effective population surveys.
Receptor-specific interactome as a hub for rapid cue-induced selective translation in axons
Authors: Koppers Max , Cagnetta Roberta , Shigeoka Toshiaki , Wunderlich Lucia C.S. , Zhao Sixian , Minett Michael S. , Bellon Anaïs , Kaminski Clemens F. , Flanagan John. G. , Holt Christine E.
Published: June 2019

During neuronal wiring, extrinsic cues trigger the local translation of specific mRNAs in axons via cell surface receptors. The coupling of ribosomes to receptors has been proposed as a mechanism linking signals to local translation but it is not known how broadly this mechanism operates, nor whether it can selectively regulate mRNA translation. We report that receptor-ribosome coupling is employed by multiple guidance cue receptors and this interaction is mRNA-dependent. We find that different receptors bind to distinct sets of mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Cue stimulation induces rapid dissociation of ribosomes from receptors and the selective translation of receptor-specific mRNAs in retinal axon growth cones. Further, we show that receptor-ribosome dissociation and cue-induced selective translation are inhibited by simultaneous exposure to translation-repressive cues, suggesting a novel mode of signal integration. Our findings reveal receptor-specific interactomes and provide a general model for the rapid, localized and selective control of cue-induced translation.
Larval mannitol diets increase mortality, prolong development, and decrease adult body sizes in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
Authors: Barrett Meghan , Fiocca Katherine , Waddell Edward A. , McNair Cheyenne , O’Donnell Sean , Marenda Daniel R.
Published: June 2019

Ingestion of the polyol mannitol caused sex-biased mortality in adultDrosophila melanogaster, but larval mortality was not sex-biased. High-sugar diets prolong development and generate smaller adult body sizes inD. melanogaster. We hypothesized that mannitol ingestion would generate similar developmental phenotypes as other high-carbohydrate diets. We predicted concentration-dependent effects on development similar to high-sugar diets whenD. melanogasterlarvae are fed mannitol, as well as a concentration-dependent amelioration of developmental effects if introduction to mannitol media is delayed past the third instar. Both male and female larvae had prolonged development and smaller adult body sizes when fed increasing concentrations of mannitol. Mannitol-induced increases in mortality were concentration dependent in 0 M to 0.8 M treatments beginning as early as 48 hours post-hatching. Larval survival, and pupation and eclosion times, were normal in 0.4 M mannitol treatments when larvae were first introduced to mannitol 72 hours post-hatching (the beginning of the third-instar); the adverse mannitol effects occurred in 0.8 M mannitol treatments, but at a lower magnitude. FemaleD. melanogasteradults prefer laying eggs on diets with high sugar concentrations, despite the negative effects on offspring performance. However, when given a choice, femaleD. melanogasteravoided laying eggs on mannitol-containing media that was otherwise identical to the control media, suggesting females perceived and avoided mannitol. In conclusion, the developmental effects of a larval mannitol diet closely resemble those of high-sugar diets, but adult female oviposition responses to mannitol in laying substrates are distinct from responses to other carbohydrates.
Aversive learning strengthens episodic memory in both adolescents and adults
Authors: Cohen Alexandra O. , Matese Nicholas G. , Filimontseva Anastasia , Shen Xinxu , Shi Tracey C. , Livne Ethan , Hartley Catherine A.
Published: June 2019

Adolescence is often filled with positive and negative emotional experiences that may change how individuals remember and respond to stimuli in their environment. In adults, aversive events can both enhance memory for associated stimuli as well as generalize to enhance memory for unreinforced but conceptually related stimuli. The present study tested whether learned aversive associations similarly lead to better memory and generalization across a category of stimuli in adolescents. Participants completed an olfactory Pavlovian category conditioning task in which trial-unique exemplars from one of two categories were partially reinforced with an aversive odor. Participants then returned 24 h later to complete a recognition memory test. We found better corrected recognition memory for the reinforced versus the unreinforced category of stimuli in both adults and adolescents. Further analysis revealed that enhanced recognition memory was driven specifically by better memory for the reinforced exemplars. Autonomic arousal during learning was also related to subsequent memory. These findings build on previous work in adolescent and adult humans and rodents showing comparable acquisition of aversive Pavlovian conditioned responses across age groups and demonstrate that memory for stimuli with an acquired aversive association is enhanced in both adults and adolescents.
The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognition in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites
Authors: Stickel Ariana , McKinnon Andrew , Ruiz John , Grilli Matthew D. , Ryan Lee ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

Among non-Hispanic whites, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with increased mortality and poorer cognition. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among aging Hispanics is also high and Hispanics generally have poorer access to healthcare, yet they tend to have advantageous cardiovascular disease rates and outcomes and live longer than non-Hispanic whites, an epidemiological phenomenon commonly referred to as the Hispanic or Latino health paradox. Although robust data support these ethnic benefits on physical health and mortality, it is unknown if it extends to include cognition resilience advantages in older adulthood. The present study compared relationships between cardiovascular risk and cognition (executive functions and episodic memory) in late middle age and older Hispanics (n = 87) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 81). Participants were selected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative databases. Hispanics and non-Hispanic white groups were matched on age (50–94 yr, mean age = 72 yr), education, gender, cognitive status (i.e., cognitively healthy versus mildly cognitively impaired), and apolipoprotein E4 status. History of hypertension and higher body mass index were both associated with poorer executive functions among Hispanics but not non-Hispanic whites. Our findings suggest greater vulnerability to impairments in executive functions among Hispanics with hypertension and obesity, contrary to the notion of a Hispanic health paradox for cognitive aging.
Seeing the past: afterglow effects on familiarity judgments are category-specific
Authors: van Kesteren Marlieke Tina Renée , de Vries Lianne , Meeter Martijn
Published: June 2019

According to several computational models, novel items can create a learning mode with dynamics favorable to new learning, and not to memory retrieval. In line with that idea, a new item in a recognition test has been found to create a bias toward calling subsequent items new as well. Here, we tested whether this bias, which we termed the afterglow effect, is indeed caused by a general learning mode, or is caused by perceptual overlap between preceding and current items. In two experiments, we show that a preceding recognition judgment biases the current one, but only if the preceding and current items are of the same perceptual category. In contrast, we did not find strong bias effects from perceptually novel fractal images, as would be predicted if novel items induce a learning mode that then biases recognition judgments. We conclude that the afterglow effect is more likely to reflect perceptual phenomena than a learning mode. We suggest how this can be reconciled with what is known about familiarity at the neural level.
Reliable data-driven modeling of high-frequency structures by means of nested kriging with enhanced design of experiments
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna
Published: June 2019

Purpose

A framework for reliable modeling of high-frequency structures by nested kriging with an improved sampling procedure is developed and extensively validated. A comprehensive benchmarking including conventional kriging and previously reported design of experiments technique is provided. The proposed technique is also demonstrated in solving parameter optimization task.

Design/methodology/approach

The keystone of the proposed approach is to focus the modeling process on a small region of the parameter space (constrained domain containing high-quality designs with respect to the selected performance figures) instead of adopting traditional, hyper-cube-like domain defined by the lower and upper parameter bounds. A specific geometry of the domain is explored to improve a uniformity of the training data set. In consequence, the predictive power of the model is improved.

Findings

Building the model in a constrained domain allows for a considerable reduction of a training data set size without a necessity to either narrow down the parameter ranges or to reduce the parameter space dimensionality. Improving uniformity of training data set allocation permits further reduction of the computational cost of setting up the model. The proposed technique can be used to expedite the parameter optimization and enables locating good initial designs in a straightforward manner.

Research limitations/implications

The developed framework opens new possibilities inaccurate surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures described by a large number of geometry and/or material parameters. Further extensions can be investigated such as the inclusion of the sensitivity data into the model or exploration of the particular geometry of the model domain to further reduce the computational overhead of training data acquisition.

Originality/value

The efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated for modeling and parameter optimization of high-frequency structures. It has also been shown to outperform conventional kriging and previous constrained modeling approaches. To the authors’ knowledge, this approach to formulate and handle the modeling process is novel and permits the establishment of accurate surrogates in highly dimensional spaces and covering wide ranges of parameters.
Freeze frame: media coverage of Apple’s and Facebook’s egg-freezing employee benefit
Authors: Grandy Karen
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the media coverage of a new reproductive benefit (oocyte cryopreservation) made available to employees at Apple and Facebook in 2014, in light of an ongoing public debate around the conflict experienced by women to be both “ideal workers” and “ideal mothers”.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines the coverage of the new benefit as a news item in major American newspapers and websites. It uses problem/solution frame analysis and provides a qualitative analysis of the leads, journalists’ rhetoric and sources found in 23 news articles on the topic. A rudimentary quantitative analysis of positive and negative solution evaluations is also included.

Findings

All the articles were found to use a problem/solution frame in their presentation of the new benefit as a news item. When biology is presented as at the root of the motherhood/career conflict, as it was by many journalists and their chosen sources, this logically leads to a biotechnological solution, such as egg-freezing. Other potential contributors to motherhood/career conflict, such as rigid and gendered career timelines and inadequate supports for working parents, are largely left out of the discussion – as are potential broader workplace and socio-cultural changes.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited to news articles only; the coverage of the issue in opinion pieces and in other media might have different findings. An experimentally designed study might lead to interesting findings on the impact of these framing elements (leads, rhetoric, sources) on readers’ responses to this topic.

Originality/value

This study contributes to research on the media coverage of motherhood and to management scholarship on gender, parenthood and work.
Study of electrokinetic effects for heat transfer in microchannel with sinusoidal thermal boundary conditions
Authors: Raees Ul Haq Muhammad , Xu Hang , Zhao Liang
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to obtain the numerical as well as regularity results for the nonlinear elliptic set of equations arising in the study of fluid flow in microchannel induced by the pressure in the presence of interfacial electrokinetic effects.

Design/methodology/approach

For the numerical study, the authors implemented traditional FDM approach, and for the regularity results they used the classical energy estimates. The interfacial electrokinetic effects result in an additional source term in classical momentum equation, hence affecting the characteristics of the flow and heat transfer. The sinusoidal temperature variation is assumed on side walls.

Findings

The results were obtained for various combinations of physical parameters appearing in the governing equations. This study concludes that in the presence of electric double layer, the average heat transfer rate reduces along with larger values of Reynolds number. It is observed that the heat transfer increases with the increase in amplitude ratio and phase deviation. The flow behavior and heat transfer rate inside the microchannel are also strongly affected by the presence of κ (kappa).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the problem of heat transfer through microchannel in combination with sinusoidal temperature variation at boundary with electric double layer effects has not been considered previously. Hence, this paper focuses on the influence of the sinusoidal boundary temperature distributions on both sidewalls of a rectangular microchannel through parallel plates with electrokinetic effects on the pressure-driven laminar flow. In addition, a detailed mathematical analysis is also to be carried out to verify the regularity of this model with the proposed boundary conditions. The study used the classical energy method to get the regularity results.
Security gaps assessment of smart grid based SCADA systems
Authors: Mir Abdul Wahid , Ketti Ramachandran Ramkumar
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems security is of paramount importance, and there should be a holistic approach to it, as any gap in the security will lead to critical national-level disaster. The purpose of this paper is to present the case study of security gaps assessment of SCADA systems of electricity utility company in the Sultanate of Oman against the regulatory standard and security baseline requirements published by the Authority for Electricity Regulation (AER), Government of Sultanate of Oman.

Design/methodology/approach

The security gaps assessment presented in this paper are based on the security baseline requirements that include core areas, controls for each core area and requirements for each control.

Findings

The paper provides the security gaps assessment summary of SCADA systems of electricity utility company.

Practical implications

The summary of threats and vulnerabilities presented will help stakeholders to be proactive rather than reactive in the event of any attack.

Originality/value

This case study discusses the various security challenges in smart grid based on SCADA systems and provides the summary of challenges and recommendations to overcome the same.
Talent management for the proactive behavior of tour guides
Authors: Guan Xin-Hua , Huan Tzung-Cheng
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In an increasingly competitive market, tourism managers are aware of the importance of talent management. Because tour guide behavior has an important influence on tourists’ experience in the process of group touring, how to motivate a tour guide’s proactive behavior becomes an important issue. Based on social exchange and cognitive theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of particular human resource management practices on proactive behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This research takes the tour guide as the research object. The questionnaire survey method was used to obtain data. At last, 351 valid questionnaires were obtained. Finally, the hypotheses of this research are tested using structural equation modeling and percentile (bias-corrected percentile) bootstrapping method.

Findings

The results show that human resource management practices positively influenced proactive behavior of tour guides. Moreover, both perceived organizational support and self-efficacy were found to mediate the relationship between human resource management practice and proactive behavior.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the tourism literature by finding that both perceived organizational support and self-efficacy can foster the effect of human resource management practice, resulting in proactive behavior of tour guides.
Geographic inequality and ethnic stratification in China, 2000 to 2010
Authors: Morales Danielle Xiaodan
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to extend current knowledge by focusing on three geographic factors (minority-Han residential segregation, rural-urban disparities and regional differences) and their effects on educational and occupational outcomes of Chinese ethnic minorities from 2000 to 2010.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from the 2000 and 2010 Chinese decennial censuses were used, and both descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Findings

Results revel that there were regional differences in terms of educational segregation between minorities and the Han. It was also difficult for minority groups that were residentially segregated from the Han and mainly located in rural areas or western/southeastern regions to obtain high-level education. When minority groups were residentially segregated from the Han, they tended to have higher levels of occupational segregation from the Han; while minority groups with larger percentages of rural residents tended to have smaller percentages of people obtained high-status occupations. Despite China’s rapid social and economic development, ethnic disparities in education did not significantly change, and ethnic gaps in occupational attainment were widened from 2000 to 2010.

Social implications

Geographic sources of ethnic conflicts in China should not be overlooked, and future researchers should also conduct studies on Chinese ethnic minorities at individual or household level.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature in two major ways: first, all Chinese minority groups were included in the analyses to clarify intra-ethnic differences; second, data from two Chinese decennial censuses and longitudinal statistical modeling were used to investigate the effect of time on ethnic stratification.
Precarity in Russia: attitudes, work and life experience of young adults with higher education
Authors: Gasiukova Elena , Korotaev Sergey
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how young educated adults in the state of precarity perceive the lack of stability in their employment, life and prospects, and what influences their decision making with respect to their career.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative research on evidence from ten semi-structured in-depth interviews. The method of analysis is consensual qualitative research.

Findings

Young Russian adults in the state of precarity have little interest in stable employment, believing it imposes inadequately tight constraints in terms of work organisation, as compared to the potentially modest returns in terms of career development and professional self-actualisation. The respondents tend to choose work which corresponds to the rhythm of their lives and preferences. They are willing to sacrifice stability and higher income in the hope of achieving career success and financial prosperity in the future. They do not hope for or expect assistance from the state but feel fully responsible for their own lives. The downside of this optimism is the lack of long-term plans and, hence, the uncertainty of the future.

Originality/value

The authors not only consider the state of precarity as an effect of structural factors such as the state of the labour market, but also aim to show the role of the worker’s agency in creating such a situation. Instead of the conventional view of precarious individuals solely as victims of circumstances, this study suggests to regard them as actors whose experience, goals and aspirations determine career and life choices.
The gateway to consumption freedom through a communal glass of wine
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Madanoglu Melih , Henson Steve W. , Ko Jae-Youn
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Confucian philosophy emphasizes gender roles that place significant restrictions on the consumption of non-traditional products. The authors use wine to advance our understanding of how South Korean female consumers have established a new female gender role and identity by adopting new communities that allow non-traditional consumption while still accepting gender roles. This paper aims to examine how South Korean female consumers create a unique consumption culture with respect to wine consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

A hermeneutic approach was adopted to understand what motivates South Korean female consumers to join a wine consumption community and their perceptions about consuming wine. Researchers conducted 26 semi-structured face-to-face interviews that ranged from 45 to 120 min, with an average duration of 1 h.

Findings

The results of the study suggest that wine can be a medium for emancipating women from traditional gender roles and social images of women embedded in South Korean society that call for women to sacrifice themselves for their families. In addition, the study’s findings suggest that Western wine marketers need to understand the power of wine consumption communities that are a unique consumption ritual among South Korean female wine consumers.

Originality/value

South Korean female respondents drink wine as both a way to seek pleasure through a Western alcoholic beverage and to consume and experience Western culture and lifestyles. However, South Korean female respondents tend to drink wine within consumption communities, which are a powerful consumption ritual in South Korea. In other words, although South Korean female respondents consume wine to experience and learn about Western culture and lifestyles, they have entirely not abandoned their traditional consumption rituals.
Advertisements in Russian provincial press at the beginning of the First World War
Authors: Zakharov Alexander , Leontyeva Elena , Leontyev Alexander
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine some common and specific features of advertisements published in Tsaritsyn’s (present-day Volgograd) daily newspapers at the beginning of the First Word War. The town of Tsaritsyn was a local centre of the rapid economic growth that the Russian Empire experienced in the early 1910s; it can be considered a model of Russian provincial advertising behaviours and the consumer culture of the time.

Design/methodology/approach

The main methods used in this paper are the local history approach and discourse and socio-political, content and gender analysis, as well as compositional interpretation. These methods have made the reconstruction of a historical portrait of Tsaritsyn possible at the beginning of the First Word War through an analysis of advertisements published in its periodicals. The sources of this paper include selections from the newspaper Tsaritsynsky Vestnik from June 1914 to February 1915, the newspaper Volgo-Donskoy Krai from September 1911 to February 1915 and the calendar-handbook Ves Tsaritsyn of 1911.

Findings

Advertising is a highly adaptive phenomenon of socio-economic activity. However, it is both conservative in form and content. It is simultaneously constant and changing, and so it can reveal some transformations in the provincial town’s daily life.

Research limitations/implications

Local history methods, including the ideographic, are designed to better explore unique historical events. Research based on these methods becomes more valuable in larger quantity, allowing the implementation of nomothetic methods that elucidate historical regularities and general trends.

Practical implications

This paper’s findings can be used in further research on global and local aspects of marketing history and development of consumer society, as well as in university courses concerning the disciplines mentioned above.

Originality/value

This paper studies newspaper advertisements published at the beginning of the First Word War in a Russian provincial town. It reveals some transformations in their content and form which occurred after the outbreak of the war. While the subjects of the advertisements remained relatively unchanged, a number of promotions decreased, social and entertainments advertising became starker and more harshly patriotic and long-used promotional methods became sarcastic during time of war.
Industrial customers’ organizational readiness for new advanced services
Authors: Vaittinen Eija , Martinsuo Miia
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Manufacturing firms delivering complex products and systems are increasingly offering advanced data-based services. Customers, however, are not always willing to adopt manufacturers’ advanced services, so manufacturers need knowledge of how to promote customers’ service readiness. The purpose of this paper is to further develop the concept of service readiness by proposing a framework for industrial customers’ organizational dimension of service readiness and by increasing the understanding of the conditions underpinning that service readiness.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study explores service readiness among customers of a manufacturer delivering complex systems and related services. Interviews were conducted within the company and among key customers as the potential users of those services.

Findings

Customers use versatile processes, engage multiple people and use different evaluation criteria when considering adoption of data-based services. The organizational component of service readiness involves requirements in the service context, supplier relations and organizational habits and culture. Actions are proposed for manufacturers to promote customers’ readiness for new services.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited through its qualitative design and case selection. Mapping of the organizational dimension of service readiness further develops the concept of service readiness and offers a framework for further research. This research offers novel understanding of organization-level service adoption to complement individual-centric technology adoption.

Practical implications

New knowledge is offered to manufacturing firms about customers’ challenges and requirements in adopting advanced services. This knowledge will help manufacturers to support customers and develop the activities of their own salespeople when introducing advanced services.

Originality/value

The findings expose the contents of the organizational dimension of customers’ service readiness. The study provides a more complete picture of service readiness and shows it to be a multilayered concept with interdependencies between its levels, between individuals in customer organizations and even between the manufacturer and the customer organization.
State substitution for the trade union good: the case of paid holiday entitlements
Authors: Forth John , Bryson Alex
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The literature on the union wage premium is among the most extensive in labour economics but unions’ effects on other aspects of the wage-effort bargain have received much less attention. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature through a study of the union premium in paid holiday entitlements.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine the size of the union premium on paid holidays over time, with a particular focus on how the premium was affected by the introduction of a statutory right to paid holidays. The data come from nationally representative surveys of employees and workplaces.

Findings

The authors find that the union premium on paid holidays is substantially larger than the union premium on wages. However, the premium fell with the introduction of a statutory minimum entitlement to paid leave.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine explicitly the interaction between union representation and the law in this setting. The findings indicate the difficulties that unions have faced in protecting the most vulnerable employees in the UK labour market. The authors argue that the supplanting of voluntary joint regulation with statutory regulation is symptomatic of a wider decrease in the regulatory role of unions in the UK.
Drivers of performance in a complex environment
Authors: Basile Gianpaolo , Andreano M. Simona , Martiniello Laura , Mazzitelli Andrea
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Paper aim is to analyse and consider the business network contract (BNC) as a model of voluntary holarchy in which the holons are isomorphically linked between them by means managerial chooses and laws to reach a communal and individual survival condition.

Design/methodology/approach

The Italian SME manufacturing firms signing a BNC are seen as holonic elements in an adaptive system. Data drawn from the Italian business register are analyzed to understand the driving factors of the firms’ adaptation and survival, by using descriptive, causality and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical techniques.

Findings

The main findings of the paper support the holonic approach by demonstrating that BNC are alliances based on strategic relations able to create synergies and increase performance. Empirical results suggest that “internal and external efficiency,” given by knowledge sharing practices and firms’ geographical proximity will positively influence BN firms’ productivity, although without resorting to investments (tangible or intangible).

Practical implications

BNC is an instrument able to introduce common rules and finalized isomorphic behaviors making firms acting as a holon with positive effects on performance.

Originality/value

This work enriches the existing literature by joining the systemic approach with the network theories and providing evidence of the suitability of the “holon” construct as the basis for a multi-level framework for the study of organizational networking.
Adding a new dimension to the spirituality at work concept
Authors: Joelle Maria , Coelho Arnaldo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding and measure of the concept of spirituality at work (SW) by adding a new dimension to traditional conceptualizations labeled emotional balance and inner peace (EBIP). While the traditional literature refers to the fulfillment of workers’ spiritual needs, the authors propose a new approach based on Maslow’s ideas that consider the impact of individual spirituality on the attitudes/feelings of workers in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological design is quantitative and includes item generation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess construct validity and 273 valid questionnaires were collected. The authors developed the EBIP dimension with six items based on previous studies, and the new second-order variable was compared with the traditional measurement using confirmatory factor analysis, based on AMOS 21.

Findings

The hypothesis test supports the positive impact of SW on individual productivity, valid for both models, but with an additional explanation capacity when the authors add the EBIP.

Originality/value

This paper offers a new conceptualization for SW, based on Maslow’s ideas, who played a key role in the humanistic resource movement. This new dimension may be an important finding for scholars and practitioners since organizations have to take care of both the mind and spirit of their employees to establish a genuine balance between the meaning of their lives and their work.
Cottage cheese in a diet – a review
Authors: Pozzobon Victor , Pozzobon Clément
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Cottage is a protein-rich food which is commonly consumed by people targeting weight reduction and athletes willing to eat whole-food instead of protein supplements. Yet out of common knowledge, the scientific community lacks solid evidences of the effect of the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet. The purpose of this paper is to assess the evidences from scientific literature of the impact of inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet.

Design/methodology/approach

PubMed and Web of Science were searched for scientific literature dealing with “cottage cheese” and “diet.” There was no restriction regarding the type article type, date nor journal it is published in. References found to during the analysis of the articles extracted from database were also included. Studies search, screening and eligibility analysis were led in parallel by two independent reviewers.

Findings

This survey shows that cottage cheese is a good source of calcium (with 83 mg/100 g) – but not low fat cottage cheese because of its low vitamin S content (p < 0.001) –, a source of probiotic (1 serving providing the recommended dietary intake), a source of high quality proteins, reduces postprandial blood glucose level – healthy and type II diabetes subjects – (p < 0.05), is not linked to increased cardiovascular diseases nor cancer risks (p < 0.05).

Originality/value

Based on the findings reported in this review, the inclusion of cottage cheese in a diet can be advised for: women to build up calcium storage to fight osteoporosis; more generally calcium/vitamin D deficient subjects; athletes willing to increase their high-quality proteins intake through whole food consumption; dieters looking for low energy, high protein, high satiety food; untreated type II diabetes patients by reducing postprandial glucose level.
How to make positive changes to re-engage and motivate employees after a company downturn
Authors: Rebull Marta
Published: June 2019

Purpose

What motivates people to work? When jobs are abundant, salaries are competitive, companies are out-perking themselves and the workforce is fickle – is that really motivation? And, how do you continue to motivate employees in a company that struggles with its mission and is experiencing a significant downturn and disengagement? The purpose of this study is to look at the measures Softonic, one of Spain’s most successful tech companies, had to take to motivate, re-engage and give employees a strong sense of purpose after the company suffered a significant downturn.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking an honest look at the situation and tacking head on. Creating a whole new playbook that relies on: Leadership by Example, Ownership and Empowerment, and Development and Recognition.

Findings

When you create a culture of transparency, break down the barriers and empower your employees to reach beyond their limits; they will re-engage and motivate.

Originality/value

This is a case study detailing how new management re-engaged and motivated the workforce of Softonic after a severe company downturn.
Chronological association between alopecia areata and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kinoshita‐Ise Misaki , Martinez‐Cabriales Sylvia Aide , Alhusayen Raed
Published: June 2019

The association between alopecia areata (AA) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) has been suggested; however, the chronological relationship between AA and AITD remains elusive. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess the association between AA and AITD focusing on the prevalence of thyroid antibodies, thyroid diseases and serological thyroid dysfunctions, respectively. Data collection was performed in October 2018 by searching for articles in two electronic databases: Medline and Embase. Case–control, cohort and cross‐sectional studies were included. Meta‐analysis of studies eligible for quantitative synthesis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios of thyroid antibodies; thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG‐Ab), diagnosed thyroid diseases and serological thyroid dysfunctions. Four hundred and eighty nine research papers were identified and 17 studies with 262 581 patients and 1 302 655 control subjects were included for quantitative synthesis. AA was significantly associated with both TPO‐Ab and TG‐Ab. In comparison, there was no significant association between AA and diagnosed hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and serological hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, AA is significantly associated with the existence of thyroid antibodies rather than with clinical or laboratory thyroid abnormality. Lack of long‐term follow‐up data is a limitation of the existing published work. Our findings do not support routine screening of thyroid diseases for asymptomatic AA patients but highlight the potential future risk of AITD particularly in severe and refractory AA.
A case study: developing a safe space for vulnerable young people at school
Authors: Ross Helen
Published: June 2019

At Rushton Manor School, a small independent school in the South West of England, the proportion of young people with Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC), a form of Social, Communication and Language Need (SCLN), was substantially higher than regional averages: 15% at the school versus 5.4% in primary schools and 8.7% in secondary schools regionally (DfE, 2017). This study explores the school’s response to those students’ needs in the form of the Oasis Room, part of provision of a ‘safe space’ and supportive structures for those students during unstructured parts of the school day. It was found that the Oasis Room improved students’ experiences of social interactions, reduced behavioural incidents and allowed for proactive, supportive intervention by pastoral staff, in place of reactive ‘after‐the‐fact’ interventions. Suggestions are made relating to provision, structures and staff development at Rushton Manor and how these may be useful in other settings.
Association of Lower Serum Bilirubin With Loss of Residual Kidney Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Tsujikawa Hiroaki , Tanaka Shigeru , Hara Masatoshi , Kawai Yasuhiro , Matsukuma Yuta , Torisu Kumiko , Nakano Toshiaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari
Published: June 2019

Bilirubin is recognized as an endogenous antioxidant, and low serum bilirubin is reported to be associated with the progression of kidney disease. However, it is unclear whether serum bilirubin levels are associated with the loss of residual kidney function (RKF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study investigated the relationship between serum total bilirubin and loss of RKF. We prospectively followed 94 PD patients who started PD in our hospital between June 2006 and May 2016. Ten patients who had chronic liver disease or cirrhosis were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups based on serum total bilirubin concentration tertiles: tertile 1 (T1) < 0.3, T2 = 0.3, and T3 ≥ 0.4 mg/dL. We estimated the relationship between serum bilirubin and loss of RKF, defined as daily urine volume (<100 mL) within 3 years after starting PD, using a Cox proportional hazards model. During the 3‐year observation period, 22 patients lost RKF. The incidence rate of loss of RKF increased linearly with the decrease in serum total bilirubin levels (P for trend < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, low serum total bilirubin level was shown to be an independent predictor of loss of RKF (hazard ratio [HR] for every 0.1 mg/dL decrease, 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.51; HR [95%CI] for T2 and T1 [vs. T3] 2.03 [0.65–7.88] and 3.70 [1.00–15.9]). This study suggests that low serum total bilirubin levels are associated with the loss of RKF in PD patients.
Analysis of Young Shoots of ‘Anji Baicha’ (Camellia sinensis) at Three Developmental Stages Using Nontargeted LC‐MS‐Based Metabolomics
Authors: Zeng Chaozhen , Lin Haiyan , Liu Zhixiang , Liu Zhonghua
Published: June 2019

‘Anji Baicha’ (Camellia sinensis) is a low‐temperature‐sensitive tea variety. During the development of young shoots, the leaves of ‘Anji Baicha’ exhibit periodic albinism. The quality of ‘Anji Baicha’ is closely related to the color of the fresh leaves, with whiter leaves affording a higher amino acid content and superior sensory quality after processing. However, the metabolic mechanism of its quality formation is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the metabolomic changes of young shoots of ‘Anji Baicha’ and screened for metabolic markers that may be involved in the periodic albinism. Positive‐ and negative‐mode UPLC‐QTOF‐MS was applied to the metabolomic analysis of young leaves of ‘Anji Baicha’ during three developmental stages (i.e., the pre‐albescent, albescent, and regreening stages). The results revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles of the young leaves at the three stages. The differential metabolites were mainly related to the pathways of flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and amino acid biosynthesis. The concentrations of several amino acids (primarily l‐theanine, l‐glutamate, N2‐acetyl‐l‐ornithine, l‐aspartic acid, d‐proline, l‐glutamine, l‐leucine, and pyroglutamic acid) and 12‐OPDA were significantly higher in the albescent stage. In contrast, during the albescent stages, the concentrations of several carbohydrates (d‐fructose, β‐d‐galactopyranose, 3‐O‐fucopyranosyl‐2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxyglucopyranose, galactose‐β‐1, 4‐xylose acetyl‐maltose, and 2‐fucosyllactose) were significantly lower. Moreover, catechins (mainly epigallocatechin and catechin derivatives), dimeric catechins (primarily proanthocyanidins), and flavonol and flavonol/flavone glycosides (mainly kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, cyanidin, and delphinidin glycosides) were detected at the highest levels in the regreening or pre‐albescent stages. The obtained results enhance the current understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of periodic albinism and quality development formation in ‘Anji Baicha’.

Practical Application

The obtained results not only provide information regarding differential metabolites but also advance the understanding of the mechanism of periodic albinism in ‘Anji Baicha’ at the metabolite level and open up new possibilities for the genetic improvement of tea cultivars.
Identification and expression of the 11β‐steroid hydroxylase from Cochliobolus lunatus in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Felpeto‐Santero Carmen , Galán Beatriz , Luengo José M. , Fernández‐Cañon José M. , del Cerro Carlos , Medrano Francisco J. , García José L.
Published: June 2019

Hydroxylation of steroids has acquired special relevance for the pharmaceutical industries. Particularly, the 11β‐hydroxylation of steroids is a reaction of biotechnological importance currently carried out at industrial scale by the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. In this work, we have identified the genes encoding the cytochrome CYP103168 and the reductase CPR64795 of C. lunatus responsible for the 11β‐hydroxylase activity in this fungus, which is the key step for the preparative synthesis of cortisol in industry. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain harbouring a plasmid expressing both genes forming a synthetic bacterial operon was able to 11β‐hydroxylate several steroids as substrates. This is a new example to show that the industrial strain C. glutamicum can be used as a suitable chassis to perform steroid biotransformation expressing eukaryotic cytochromes.
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is HV1 certified, not GRAS
Authors: Kampers Linde F. C. , Volkers Rita J. M. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P.
Published: June 2019

Pseudomonas putida is rapidly becoming a workhorse for industrial production due to its metabolic versatility, genetic accessibility and stress‐resistance properties. The P. putida strain KT2440 is often described as Generally Regarded as Safe, or GRAS, indicating the strain is safe to use as food additive. This description is incorrect. P. putida KT2440 is classified by the FDA as HV1 certified, indicating it is safe to use in a P1 or ML1 environment.
Optimizing Coalition Air Warfare: The Emergence and Ethical Dilemmas of Red Card Holder Teams
Authors: Jacobsen Katja Lindskov , Saugmann Rune
Published: June 2019

Red card holder (RCH) teams have developed during the last two decades of collaborative air interventions undertaken by NATO or groups of like‐minded states under US leadership. In such coalition contexts, different fighter jets are tasked, from a central US headquarter, to strike (or, in military language, ‘engage’) specific targets that have been developed to achieve the objectives of the mission. Yet, prior to a fighter jet from a specific nation striking a target, the national RCH Team must first approve this. Indeed, when a state contributes a fighter jet, the RCH Team has now become part of the package, together with mechanics and other support personnel. In this article, it is this RCH function that we describe in more detail, drawing on interviews with Danish RCH team members. Our aim is to show that this and other ‘on‐the‐ground’ functions are key to understanding how international law – and, importantly, national interpretations thereof – function in practice and influence the conduct of collaborative warfare.