bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on static and dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure of silica fume-polypropylene fiber modified rubber concrete
Authors: Han Chenyue , Pang Jianyong , Hu Shi , Yang Chunchun
Published: May 2024

Through tests and micro-observations, the static and dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure of rubber concrete samples modified with varying amounts of silica fume and polypropylene fiber content were explored. The results indicate that incorporation of silica fume and polypropylene fiber can effectively enhance the performance of rubber concrete. Moreover, at 10% and 0.1% of silica fume and polypropylene fiber content respectively, rubber concrete’s compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and dynamic compressive strength reached maxima. Furthermore, microstructure characteristic analysis indicated that inadequate adhesion between rubber particles and the matrix is responsible for compromised bearing capacity in unmodified rubber concrete. However, with the addition of silica fume and polypropylene fiber, the fiber binds the rubber particles closely with the matrix, while the silica fume fills the gaps between the matrix components. This combination results in rubber concrete with a denser internal structure and enhances its bearing capacity significantly.
Temporal and spatial aggregation of rainfall extremes over India under anthropogenic warming
Authors: Konda Gopinadh , Chowdary Jasti S. , Gnanaseelan C. , Vissa Naresh Krishna , Parekh Anant
Published: May 2024

India experienced several unprecedented floods in the recent decades. The increase in the extreme rainfall events (EREs) is the primary cause for these floods, manifesting its societal impacts. The daily downscaled and bias corrected (DBC) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) are prepared for the Indian region and are utilized to examine the characteristics of EREs. The DBC products capture the characteristic features of EREs for the baseline period, which inspired us to assess the EREs over India in CMIP6 future projections. Consistent with the observations, DBC product shows ~ 8% of Indian land found to experienced extremely heavy rainfall associated with the long duration EREs in the baseline period. However, area and extreme rainfall thresholds are projected to increase by about 18(13)% and 58(50)%, respectively in the far future under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5) emission scenario relative to the baseline period. A two-fold-65(62)% increase in long-duration EREs compared to the short-duration EREs and substantial warming ~ 2.4(2.9) oC of Indian Ocean SSTs in the far future under SSP5-8.5 (SSP2-4.5) emission scenario compared to baseline period are reported. These findings may provide fundamental insights to formulate national climate change adaptation policies for the EREs.
Evaluating the surgical trainee ergonomic experience during minimally invasive abdominal surgery (ESTEEMA study)
Authors: Chan Cassandra , Tan Ying Ching , Lim Ee Wen , Teo Jin-Yao , Lin Jinlin , Tan Winson JianHong , Tay Gerald Ci An , Tan Emile Kwong-Wei , Seow-En Isaac
Published: May 2024

Minimally invasive abdominal surgery (MAS) can exert a physical cost. Surgical trainees spend years assisting minimally-invasive surgeries, increasing the risk of workplace injury. This prospective questionnaire-based cohort study was conducted amongst general surgery residents in Singapore. Residents assisting major MAS surgery were invited to complete anonymous online survey forms after surgery. The Phase 1 survey assessed physical discomfort scores and risk factors. Intraoperative measures to improve ergonomics were administered and evaluated in Phase 2. During Phase 1 (October 2021 to April 2022), physical discomfort was reported in at least one body part in 82.6% (n = 38) of respondents. Over a third of respondents reported severe discomfort in at least one body part (n = 17, 37.0%). Extremes of height, training seniority, longer surgical duration and operative complexity were significant risk factors for greater physical discomfort. In Phase 2 (October 2022 to February 2023), the overall rate of physical symptoms and severe discomfort improved to 81.3% (n = 52) and 34.4% (n = 22) respectively. The ergonomic measure most found useful was having separate television monitors for the primary surgeon and assistants, followed by intraoperative feedback on television monitor angle or position. Close to 20% of survey respondents felt that surgeon education was likely to improve physical discomfort.
Utilizing environmental DNA and imaging to study the deep-sea fish community of Takuyo-Daigo Seamount
Authors: Iguchi Akira , Nishijima Miyuki , Ikeuchi Eri , Yokooka Hiroyuki , Sugishima Hideki , Ikeda Kazumasa , Miwa Ryuichi , Sekido Yoshiro , Iwasaki Nozomu , Suzumura Masahiro , Tsukasaki Ayumi , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kato Shogo , Minatoya Jumpei , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Kunishima Taiga , Ise Yuji , Suzuki Atsushi
Published: May 2024

The increase in interest of mining at seamounts means there is a critical need to establish baseline inventories through environmental survey, with the aim of promoting the conservation and stewardship of these remote habitats. To efficiently evaluate fish biodiversity around a seamount, we compared environmental DNA (eDNA) methods using seawater and sponge samples against methods using imagery obtained with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and a free-fall deep-sea camera lander called the Edokko Mark I on the Takuyo-Daigo Seamount (153.0°E, 23.5°N) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We detected a total of 18 fish families by these methods. The fish fauna detected on the seamount included many families commonly found in deep-sea areas and were similar to the fish fauna of other seamounts located at similar latitudes in the northwestern Pacific. Significant differences in the patterns of detection of fish families between the eDNA and imaging methods is attributed to the differing powers of detection of some fish groups between methods (related to primer compatibility and fish size). For deep-sea fish, the difference in fish composition at the family level between seawater and sponge eDNA methods was not significant, but the difference between Edokko Mark I and ROV methods was significant; the latter difference is likely due to whether or not bait is used to attract fish. Although the eDNA workflow implemented here requires improvements, the use of eDNA and imaging methods in combination provided better insight into the biodiversity of deep-sea fishes in the deep-sea around a seamount, where our knowledge of the fish fauna has been extremely limited. Our recovery of eDNA from seawater and sponge samples around the seamount demonstrates the potential of these methods for facilitating environmental baseline surveys and impact assessments of mining activities to obtain results not previously possible with the use of visual methods only.
Insights on Literacy From Stroke Survivors With Aphasia: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry
Authors: Madden Elizabeth B. , Bush Erin J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Individuals with aphasia commonly experience reading and writing difficulties, negatively impacting everyday communication and life participation. Using mixed methods, this study aimed to understand literacy experiences described by individuals with aphasia and explore how their perspectives are related to test performance and other demographic factors.

Method:

Twenty-one stroke survivors with aphasia completed reading and writing testing and shared their perspectives through a close-ended survey and an open-ended interview about literacy abilities and experiences. Quantitative methods were used to compare pre- and poststroke self-ratings and explore associations between self-ratings and demographic factors. Qualitative methods were used to identify themes in the interviews. The data sets were merged to derive mixed-methods results for a more in-depth view of participants' perspectives.

Results:

Significant decreases in perceived literacy abilities were found; however, there were no differences in literacy importance or enjoyment pre- to poststroke. Reading and writing test scores were correlated with self-rated abilities but not with importance, enjoyment, or frequency of reading and writing. The thematic analysis process identified four main themes:
Feelings about literacy
,
Literacy challenges
,
Literacy supports
, and
Literacy goals
.

Conclusions:

The data indicate that individuals with aphasia highly value reading and writing and are heavily invested, despite recognized challenges, in using and improving these skills. Therefore, assessments and treatments addressing literacy in aphasia are critical, and individuals with aphasia should be invited to share their literacy experiences and goals, allowing for more person-centered clinical resources to be collaboratively constructed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25893049
The Acquisition of a Diglossic Language by Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: Evidence From a Sentence Production Task
Authors: Shaban-Rabah Sabrin , Henkin Roni , Stamp Rose , Novogrodsky Rama
Published: May 2024

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children show difficulties in their morphosyntactic abilities.

Purpose:

The current study aimed to examine morphosyntactic errors in sentences produced by DHH students, who are signers of Israeli Sign Language, and also users of Palestinian Colloquial Arabic (PCA) and written Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).

Method:

Nineteen school-age DHH students participated in a sentence elicitation task in which they retold events portrayed in 24 videos in PCA and MSA. A control group of 19 hearing students was tested with the same task. Sentences in each language variety were coded for grammatical versus ungrammatical productions and for type of morphosyntactic errors for the latter. In addition, code-switched words were counted.

Results:

The hearing group showed no morphosyntactic errors, whereas the DHH students showed morphosyntactic errors in both PCA and MSA. In addition, both groups code-switched in both PCA and MSA, with more code-switching in the MSA task than in the PCA task. Furthermore, an interaction with age revealed that young students code-switched more in MSA and older students code-switched more in PCA.

Conclusions:

It is suggested that the morphosyntactic abilities of DHH students are incomplete in both language varieties. Lack of spoken language input may negatively influence the acquisition of spoken language, which impacts further the acquisition of the standard language in diglossic contexts. Code-switching is explained as both due to lexical gaps, when occurring in MSA, and an effort to raise the register in PCA.
Fast-rotating massive Population III stars as possible sources of extreme N enrichment in high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Nandal Devesh , Sibony Yves , Tsiatsiou Sophie
Published: May 2024

We present an analysis of the chemical compositions in high-redshift galaxies, with a focus on the nitrogen-enhanced galaxies GN-z11 and CEERS-1019. We used stellar models of massive stars with initial masses ranging from 9 to 120 M⊙ and various metallicities to deduce the chemical abundances of stellar ejecta for a few light elements (H, He, C, N, and O). Our study reveals insights into the chemical processes and elemental synthesis in the early Universe. We find that Population III stars, particularly at initial fast equatorial rotation and sampled from a top-heavy initial mass function, as well as stars at Z = 10−5 with moderate rotation, align closely with observed abundance ratios in GN-z11 and CEERS-1019. These models demonstrate log(N/O) = −0.38 to –0.22 and log(O/H) + 12 = 7.82 at dilution factors of f ∼ 20 − 100, indicating a good match with observational data. Models at higher metallicities do not match these observations, highlighting the unique role of Population III and extremely metal-poor stars in enhancing the nitrogen abundance in high-redshift galaxies. Predictions for other abundance ratios, such as log(He/H) ranging from –1.077 to –1.059 and log(12C/13C) from 1.35 to 2.42, provide detailed benchmarks for future observational studies.
Massive star evolution with a new 12C + 12C nuclear reaction rate
Authors: Dumont T. , Monpribat E. , Courtin S. , Choplin A. , Bonhomme A. , Ekström S. , Heine M. , Curien D. , Nippert J. , Meynet G.
Published: May 2024

Context. Nuclear reactions drive stellar evolution and contribute to stellar and galactic chemical abundances. New determinations of the nuclear reaction rates in key fusion reactions of stellar evolution are now available, paving the way for improved stellar model predictions.

Aims. We explore the impact of new 12C + 12C reaction rates in massive star evolution, structure, and nucleosynthesis at carbon ignition and during the core carbon-burning phase. We analyse the consequences for stars of different masses including rotation-induced mixing.

Methods. We computed a grid of massive stars from 8 to 30 M⊙ at solar metallicity using the stellar evolution code GENEC, and including the new reaction rates. We explored the results using three different references for the rates, with or without rotation. We studied the effect in terms of evolution, structure, and the critical mass limit between intermediate and massive stars. We explored the consequences for heavy-element nucleosynthesis during the core carbon-burning phase by means of a one-zone nucleosynthesis code.

Results. We confirm the significant impact of using the recent nuclear reaction rates following the fusion suppression hypothesis at deep sub-barrier energies (hindrance hypothesis) as well as the mass-dependent effect of a resonance at 2.14 MeV with dominant feeding of the α exit channel of 12C + 12C fusion reaction. This impacts the characteristics of the core of stars from the C-ignition and during the entire core C-burning phase (temperature and density, lifetime, size, convective or radiative core). The change in nuclear reaction rates modifies the central nucleosynthesis of the stars during the core-carbon burning phase, resulting in an underproduction of s-process elements, especially when including the rotation-induced mixing that amplifies the effects.

Conclusions. The correct and accurate determination of the nuclear reaction rates, especially with the existence and location of resonances, impacts stellar evolution in many respects, affecting models’ predictions. The choice of the nuclear reaction rates reference for the 12C + 12C fusion reaction significantly changes the behaviour of the core during the carbon-burning phase, and consequently drives changes in the nucleosynthesis and end-of-life of stars. This choice needs, then, to be made carefully in order to interpret stellar evolution from the super asymptotic giant branch phase and its massive white dwarf remnants to the core-collapse supernovae of massive stars.
PNG-UNITsims: Halo clustering response to primordial non-Gaussianities as a function of mass
Authors: Gutiérrez Adame Adrián , Avila Santiago , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Yepes Gustavo , Pellejero Marcos , Wang Mike S. , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Feng Yu , Garcia-Bellido Juan , Knebe Alexander
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the PNG-UNITSIMS suite, which includes the largest full N-body simulation to date with local primordial non-Gaussianities (local PNG), the PNG-UNIT. The amplitude of the PNGs is given by
f localNL=100.
The simulation follows the evolution of 40963 particles in a periodic box with Lbox = 1 h−1 Gpc, resulting in a mass resolution of mp = 1.24 × 109 h−1 M⊙, enough to finely resolve the galaxies targeted by stage-IV spectroscopic surveys. The PNG-UNIT has fixed initial conditions with phases also matching the pre-existing UNIT simulation with Gaussian initial conditions. The fixed and matched initial conditions reduce the simulation uncertainty significantly. In this first study of the PNG-UNITSIMS, we measure the PNG response parameter, p, as a function of the halo mass. halos with masses between 1 × 1012 and 5 × 1013 h−1 M⊙ are well described by the universality relation, given by p = 1. For halos with masses between 2 × 1010 and 1 × 1012 h−1 M⊙ we find that p < 1, at a significance between 1.5 and 3.1σ. Combining all the halos between 2 × 1010 and 5 × 1013 h−1 M⊙, we find p consistent with a value of 0.955 ± 0.013, which is 3σ away from the universality relation. We demonstrate that these findings are robust to mass resolution, scale cuts and uncertainty estimation. We also compare our measurements to separate universe simulations, finding that the PNG-UNITSIMS constraints outperform the former for the setup considered. Using a prior on p as tight as the one reported here for DESI-like forecast can result in fNL constraints comparable to fixing p. At the same time, fixing p to a wrong value (p = 1) may result in up to 2σ biases on fNL.
Hierarchical binary black hole mergers in globular clusters: Mass function and evolution with redshift
Authors: Torniamenti Stefano , Mapelli Michela , Périgois Carole , Arca Sedda Manuel , Artale Maria Celeste , Dall’Amico Marco , Vaccaro Maria Paola
Published: May 2024

Hierarchical black hole (BH) mergers are one of the most straightforward mechanisms producing BHs inside and above the pair-instability mass gap. We investigated the impact of globular cluster (GC) evolution on hierarchical mergers, accounting for the uncertainties related to BH mass pairing functions on the predicted primary BH mass, mass ratio, and spin distribution. We find that the evolution of the host GC quenches the hierarchical BH assembly at the third generation, mainly due to cluster expansion powered by a central BH subsystem. Hierarchical mergers match the primary BH mass distribution from GW events for m1 > 50 M⊙ regardless of the assumed BH pairing function. At lower masses, however, different pairing functions lead to dramatically different predictions on the primary BH mass merger-rate density. We find that the primary BH mass distribution evolves with redshift, with a larger contribution from mergers with m1 ≥ 30 M⊙ for z ≥ 2. Finally, we calculate the mixing fraction of binary black holes (BBHs) from GCs and isolated binary systems. Our predictions are very sensitive to the spins, which favor a large fraction (> 0.6) of BBHs born in GCs in order to reproduce misaligned spin observations.
Garlic polysaccharides as promising functional food ingredients
Authors: Xie Chanyuan , Chang Shimin , Chye Fook Yee
Published: May 2024

Garlic (Allium sativum L.), originating in Central Asia, has gained global popularity for its distinctive flavour and medicinal properties. One of its key active components, garlic polysaccharides (GPs), can be extracted directly from water or recovered from garlic processing wastewater, contributing to sustainable agricultural development. GPs belong to the neokestose-based fructans family and are characterized by an inulin-type structure. They feature a (2→1)-linked β-D-Fruf backbone with (2→6)- linked β-D-Fruf side chains, and the total molecular weight is less than 10,000 Da. Research suggests that GPs exhibit antioxidant and immune-boosting effects, with enhanced efficacy reported through phosphorylation or selenylation derivatives. Notably, GPs demonstrate a remarkable oil adsorption capacity and have shown efficacy in reducing total cholesterol levels in diabetic mice, highlighting their hypolipidemic properties. Additionally, GPs have proven effective in ameliorating intestinal flora disorders, alleviating symptoms in models of alcoholic liver fibrosis and dextran sodium sulfate-induced Colitis. The process of obtaining GPs involves extraction, chromatographic purification, and spray drying, resulting in fine particle powder characterized by a white colour, odourlessness, good water solubility, and stability. These qualities make GPs promising functional food ingredients with potential health benefits.
Research progress of limulus coagulation mechanism and limulus reagents
Authors: Yan Dandan , Li Rue , Gao Le
Published: May 2024

The coagulation system of Limulus is mainly composed of coagulation proteins such as factor G, factor C, factor B, and prothrombin. The traditional horseshoe crab reagent for endotoxin detection is not specific, and its colorimetric reaction is activated through two pathways: one is activated by endotoxin to activate factor C, and the other is activated by (1,3)- β-D-glucan activates factor G. The horseshoe crab reagent is composed of a series of serine proteases and is a biological reagent made by treating horseshoe crab blood cell lysate. The detection principle is that the Limulus amebocyte lysate clotting factor protein is activated by endotoxin or fungal glucan to generate a series of cascade reactions to form insoluble gel substances, and then it is used to detect bacterial endotoxin or fungal glucan contaminated in biological products through the chromogenic reaction of the chromogenic matrix. Mainly used in multiple fields such as drug inspection, food, medical equipment, clinical medical research, etc. This article mainly summarizes and summarizes the coagulation mechanism of horseshoe crab and the current development status of horseshoe crab reagents.
Clinical progress of brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Shao Tianchi
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumour of the female reproductive system, posing a significant threat to women's health and lives in China. Brachytherapy is a crucial component of radiotherapy for patients with locally intermediate and advanced cervical cancer. This includes intracavitary brachytherapy, interstitial brachytherapy, intracavitary and interstitial combined brachytherapy, and radioactive seed implantation brachytherapy. The aim of this article is to provide an update on the use of intracavitary brachytherapy, interstitial brachytherapy, and radioactive particle implantation.
Dissecting the Role of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Pan Bolin
Published: May 2024

Our investigation provides a critical examination of the gut microbiota's role in colorectal cancer (CRC), employing state-of-the-art high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to uncover the distinct microbial communities associated with CRC. The study reveals significant dysbiosis in CRC patients, characterized by a decrease in microbial diversity and an enrichment of pathogenic bacteria. These microbiological alterations present as unique signatures, distinguishing CRC patients from healthy individuals with notable clarity. Highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarkers, these microbial signatures offer a new avenue for early CRC detection, which is pivotal for improving patient outcomes. Additionally, the study's findings point toward the therapeutic potential of microbiota modulation, suggesting that targeting these microbial discrepancies could become a novel strategy in CRC management. The implications of this research are far-reaching, setting a foundation for future explorations into the microbiota's diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CRC.
Risk factors for peri-megaprosthetic joint infections in tumor surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Karampikas Vasileios , Gavriil Panayiotis , Goumenos Stavros , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Roustemis Anastasios G. , Altsitzioglou Pavlos , Kontogeorgakos Vasileios , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: May 2024

Background: Peri-megaprosthetic joint infections (PJI) in tumor surgery are complex and challenging complications that significantly impact the outcomes of the patients. The occurrence of PJI poses a substantial threat to the success of these operations. This review aims to identify and summarize the risk factors associated with PJI in tumor surgery with megaprosthetic reconstruction as well as to determine the overall risk of PJI in limb salvage surgery. Methods: A thorough examination of published literature, scrutinizing the incidence of PJI in tumor prostheses after limb salvage surgery was done. Research studies that documented the incidence of PJI in tumor patients who underwent limb salvage surgery, and explored the risk factors associated with the occurrence of PJI were deemed eligible. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in the analysis and underwent comprehensive examination. After the exploration of key parameters, several significant risk factors for PJI concerning the type of implant coating, surgical site characteristics, patient demographics, and procedural factors were recorded. Discussion: The findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach in managing tumor patients undergoing limb salvage surgery and megaprosthetic reconstruction, with emphasis on individualized risk assessments and individualized preventive strategies.
Microfluidic sweat patch based on capillary force and evaporation pump for real-time continuous sweat analysis
Authors: Fu Xiujun , Qiu Ye , Zhang Hengjie , Tian Ye , Liu Aiping , Wu Huaping
Published: May 2024

In addition to the common blood and urine, fresh sweat contains a diverse range of physiological indicators that can effectively reflect changes in the body’s state. Wearable sweat sensors are crucial for understanding human physiological health; however, real-time in situ measurement of multiple biomarkers in sweat remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a wearable microfluidic patch featuring an integrated microfluidic channel and evaporation pump for accelerated and continuous sweat collection, eliminating the need for additional sweat storage cavities that typically impede real-time detection. Capillary forces are harnessed to facilitate the rapid flow of sweat through the detection area, while an evaporation pump based on porous laser-induced graphene enhances sweat evaporation. The synergistic integration of these two components enables an uninterrupted flow of fresh sweat within the patch, ensuring real-time monitoring. The influence of channel size parameters on sweat flow velocity is analyzed, and the optimal width-to-height ratio for achieving the desired flow velocity is determined. By implementing a multi-channel parallel design with chamfering, liquid flow resistance is effectively reduced. Furthermore, the patch integrates sensor modules for sodium ion, chloride ion, glucose, and pH value measurements, ensuring excellent sealing and stability of the assembled system. This work presents a simplified approach to developing wearable sweat sensors that hold the potential for health monitoring and disease diagnosis.
Light axion-like particles and the pseudoscalar mesonic decays

M
⃗
M
′
ν

ν

¯
Authors: Dai Guo-Qiang , Yue Chong-Xing , Bu Yang-Yang , Wang Yi-Hang
Published: May 2024

The axion-like particle (ALP) is one kind of the best-motivated new particles. We consider its production from the pseudoscalar mesonic decays

M
→
M
′
a

, with M being a pseudoscalar meson B or K. The upper limits on the flavor-conserving ALP–quark coupling parameter g

u
are obtained by assuming the ALP to be an invisible particle. We find that the most severe constraint on g

u
comes from the decay

K

+

→

π

+

ν

ν

¯

for 0.05 GeV ≤ M

a
≤ 0.35 GeV, while the decays

B

+
,
0

→

K

+
,
0

ν

ν

¯

and

B

+
,
0

→

π

+
,
0

ν

ν

¯

can also generate significant constraints.
First-principles study of electronic and magnetic properties of Fe atoms on Cu2N/Cu(100)
Authors: Chen 陈 Jiale 佳乐 , Hu 胡 Jun 军
Published: May 2024

First-principles calculations were conducted to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of single Fe atoms and Fe dimers on Cu2N/Cu(100). Upon adsorption of an Fe atom onto Cu2N/Cu(100), robust Fe–N bonds form, resulting in the incorporation of both single Fe atoms and Fe dimers within the surface Cu2N layer. The partial occupancy of Fe-3d orbitals lead to large spin moments on the Fe atoms. Interestingly, both single Fe atoms and Fe dimers exhibit in-plane magnetic anisotropy, with the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of an Fe dimer exceeding twice that of a single Fe atom. This magnetic anisotropy can be attributed to the predominant contribution of the component along the x direction of the spin–orbital coupling Hamiltonian. Additionally, the formation of Fe–Cu dimers may further boost the magnetic anisotropy, as the energy levels of the Fe-3d orbitals are remarkably influenced by the presence of Cu atoms. Our study manifests the significance of uncovering the origin of magnetic anisotropy in engineering the magnetic properties of magnetic nanostructures.
Interface and mechanical degradation mechanisms of the silicon anode in sulfide-based solid-state batteries at high temperatures
Authors: Wang 王 Qiuchen 秋辰 , Huang 黄 Yuli 昱力 , Xu 许 Jing 晶 , Yu 禹 Xiqian 习谦 , Li 李 Hong 泓 , Chen 陈 Liquan 立泉
Published: May 2024

Silicon (Si) is a competitive anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. Recently, the prospect of Si anodes in solid-state batteries (SSBs) has been proposed due to less solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and particle pulverization. However, major challenges arise for Si anodes in SSBs at elevated temperatures. In this work, the failure mechanisms of Si-Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) composite anodes above 80 °C are thoroughly investigated from the perspectives of interface stability and (electro)chemo-mechanical effect. The chemistry and growth kinetics of Li
x
Si|LPSC interphase are demonstrated by combining electrochemical, chemical and computational characterizations. Si and/or Si–P compound formed at Li
x
Si|LPSC interface prove to be detrimental to interface stability at high temperatures. On the other hand, excessive volume expansion and local stress caused by Si lithiation at high temperatures damage the mechanical structure of Si-LPSC composite anodes. This work elucidates the behavior and failure mechanisms of Si-based anodes in SSBs at high temperatures and provides insights into upgrading Si-based anodes for application in SSBs.
Global hydrological models continue to overestimate river discharge
Authors: Heinicke Stefanie , Volkholz Jan , Schewe Jacob , Gosling Simon N , Müller Schmied Hannes , Zimmermann Sandra , Mengel Matthias , Sauer Inga J , Burek Peter , Chang Jinfeng , Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Grillakis Manoli , Guillaumot Luca , Hanasaki Naota , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Otta Kedar , Qi Wei , Satoh Yusuke , Stacke Tobias , Yokohata Tokuta , Frieler Katja
Published: May 2024

Global hydrological models (GHMs) are widely used to assess the impact of climate change on streamflow, floods, and hydrological droughts. For the ‘model evaluation and impact attribution’ part of the current round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a), modelling teams generated historical simulations based on observed climate and direct human forcings with updated model versions. Here we provide a comprehensive evaluation of daily and maximum annual discharge based on ISIMIP3a simulations from nine GHMs by comparing the simulations to observational data from 644 river gauge stations. We also assess low flows and the effects of different river routing schemes. We find that models can reproduce variability in daily and maximum annual discharge, but tend to overestimate both quantities, as well as low flows. Models perform better at stations in wetter areas and at lower elevations. Discharge routed with the river routing model CaMa-Flood can improve the performance of some models, but for others, variability is overestimated, leading to reduced model performance. This study indicates that areas for future model development include improving the simulation of processes in arid regions and cold dynamics at high elevations. We further suggest that studies attributing observed changes in discharge to historical climate change using the current model ensemble will be most meaningful in humid areas, at low elevations, and in places with a regular seasonal discharge as these are the regions where the underlying dynamics seem to be best represented.
Cairo lattice with time-reversal non-invariant vertex couplings
Authors: Baradaran Marzieh , Exner Pavel
Published: May 2024

We analyze the spectrum of a periodic quantum graph of the Cairo lattice form. The used vertex coupling violates the time reversal invariance and its high-energy behavior depends on the vertex degree parity; in the considered example both odd and even parities are involved. The presence of the former implies that the spectrum is dominated by gaps. In addition, we discuss two modifications of the model in which this is not the case, the zero limit of the length parameter in the coupling, and the sign switch of the coupling matrix at the vertices of degree three; while different they both yield the same probability that a randomly chosen positive energy lies in the spectrum.
Time Once Again
Authors: Finkel Stuart
Published: May 2024

This chapter follows the development of political aid efforts in Russia through 1890, examining in detail the practices and patterns of activity that now existed. By 1883 a Moscow Society for Aid to Political Exiles and Prisoners (OPPSiZ) had emerged, rooted in the studentry at Moscow University and other higher educational institutions, including the vibrant women’s courses. Like its St. Petersburg counterpart, it drew in both revolutionaries and “sympathizers” and new leaders kept its activity going with each round of arrests. The subsequent development not only of the Petersburg society, which continued without interruption through several waves of arrests, but of others in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kazan, and other cities through the decade demonstrates the extent to which political aid practices became deeply ensconced in and provided a unifying thread for otherwise ephemeral revolutionary groupings. The final part of the chapter describes the creative ways in which those arrested brought these practices with them into exile, maintaining networks and serving as liaisons with groups in the two capitals and even émigrés, on the one hand, and with exiles and hard laborers (katorzhniki) in eastern Siberia on the other. Both material assistance and information were exchanged, keeping track of the fate of political exiles and katorzhniki and, at times, elevating them again as an object of transnational public concern.
Drug Resistance and Epidemiological Success of Modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages in Western India
Authors: Dixit Avika , Ektefaie Yasha , Kagal Anju , Freschi Luca , Karyakarte Rajesh , Lokhande Rahul , Groschel Matthias , Tornheim Jeffrey A , Gupte Nikhil , Pradhan Neeta N , Paradkar Mandar S , Deshmukh Sona , Kadam Dileep , Schito Marco , Engelthaler David M , Gupta Amita , Golub Jonathan , Mave Vidya , Farhat Maha
Published: May 2024

Background

Drivers of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in India, the country estimated to carry a quarter of the world's burden, are not well studied. We conducted a genomic epidemiology study to compare epidemiological success, host factors, and drug resistance among the 4 major Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineages (L1–L4) circulating in Pune, India.

Methods

We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mtb sputum culture–positive isolates from participants in two prospective cohort studies and predicted genotypic susceptibility using a validated random forest model. We compared lineage-specific phylogenetic and time-scaled metrics to assess epidemiological success.

Results

Of the 612 isolates that met sequence quality criteria, Most were L3 (44.6%). The majority (61.1%) of multidrug-resistant isolates were L2 (P < .001) and L2 demonstrated a higher rate and more recent resistance acquisition. L4 and/or L2 demonstrated higher clustering and time-scaled haplotypic density (THD) compared to L3 and/or L1, suggesting higher epidemiological success. L4 demonstrated higher THD and clustering (odds ratio, 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 2.3–12.3]) in multivariate models controlling for host factors and resistance.

Conclusions

L2 shows a higher frequency of resistance, and both L2 and L4 demonstrate evidence of higher epidemiological success than L3 or L1 in Pune. Contact tracing around TB cases and heightened surveillance of TB DR in India is a public health priority.
Multiple administrations of bovine-appeasing substance during a 42-d preconditioning program followed by feedlot receiving and its effects on physiologic, health, and performance responses of feeder cattle
Authors: Kvamme Keenan , Marques Rodrigo S , Alves Cruz Vinicius , Limede Cintra Arnaldo , Ogg Makayla Anne , McCoski Sarah R , Posbergh Christian J , Bradbery Amanda N , Mercadante Vitor R G , Mackey Shea J , Pickett Autumn T , Cooke Reinaldo F
Published: May 2024

This experiment evaluated the effects of multiple bovine-appeasing substance (BAS) administration during a 42-d preconditioning program followed by a feedlot receiving period on productivity, health, and physiological variables of feeder cattle. Ninety calves were weaned, weighed, loaded into a livestock trailer, transported for 70 km, and unloaded at the Bozeman Agricultural Research and Teaching Farm for a 42-d preconditioning program. Upon arrival, calf body weight (BW) was recorded again, and both pre- and post-transport BWs were averaged and used as calf weaning initial BW. Calves were ranked by BW, sex, and age in a completely randomized design and assigned to receive 1) multiple administrations of BAS at weaning (day 0), days 14, 28, and before transport and feedlot entry (day 42; BAS; RSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 9 pens/treatment), or 2) placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 9 pens/treatment). Treatments (5 mL) were applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal during the preconditioning period. Calves within treatment groups were ranked again by initial BW, sex, and age, in a manner that pens have similar initial BW, age, and three steers and two heifers and allocated to 1 of the18 drylot pens. On day 42, calves were combined within the treatment group, loaded into two different single double-deck commercial livestock trailers, and transported for 1,000 km (approximately 16 h). Upon arrival (day 43), calves were unloaded at the same feedyard. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 43, 46, 50, 57, 64, and 90. Average daily gain, final BW, and feed efficiency did not differ (P > 0.52) between BAS and CON calves in the preconditioning and receiving phases. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P < 0.001) for plasma haptoglobin concentrations, which was greater (P < 0.01) in CON on days 3 and 7 vs. BAS calves. During the preconditioning phase, serum NEFA concentration was reduced (P < 0.01) in BAS on day 3 compared with CON calves. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P = 0.001) for exit velocity, which was greater (P < 0.001) for CON vs. BAS calves on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 during the preconditioning phase and on day 46 of the receiving phase. Therefore, Applications of BAS reduced immunological responses and exit velocity associated with stress caused by management practices, but did not improve performance during the preconditioning and receiving phases.
Music in Academia for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Contreras Jorgie Ann , Malecha Ann , Freysteinson Wyona , Cesario Sandra
Published: May 2024

Over time, unmanaged stress and anxiety can potentially impact nursing students’ health and academic performance. A randomized controlled approach explored the effects music has on stress and anxiety levels in undergraduate nursing students. Students (n = 89) were randomized into two recording groups, and variables such as demographics, heart rate, blood pressure, and State-Trait Anxiety (STAI) scores were measured and compared. There were significant differences in mean STAI scores (p < .001), in heart rate means (p < .000), and in mean blood pressures (p < .001). Music can have an influence on students’ physiological and/or psychological responses while also promoting them to engage in self-care.
Comparing Energy-Based Devices for Striae Improvement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wu Ting-Ju , Huang Ya-Li , Kang Yi-No , Chen Kee-Hsin , Chen Chiehfeng
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Striae distensae (SD) are cutaneous lesions that are caused by hormones or mechanical stress leading to rapid expansion of skin. Therefore, SD are now a cosmetic concern. However, improving SD is notoriously difficult. Among different treatments, energy-based devices (EBDs) are much more effective and controllable.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review was to determine the most effective type of EBD for improving the appearance of striae.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The population comprised patients suffering from striae. Different types of EBDs used to improve striae were compared. The primary outcome of the reduction in the width of striae was evaluated. A random-effects model was performed. The means and standard deviations were extracted.

RESULTS

Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included. The network meta-analysis revealed that after a comparison among the 4 types of EBDs, no significant differences were observed in the reduction of striae width.

CONCLUSION

Radiofrequency, ablative lasers, nonablative lasers, and intense pulsed light are all effective treatments for reducing the striae width. None of them was superior to the others. However, radiofrequency and ablative lasers may have the highest chance of improving the appearance of striae.
The necessity and role of scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Wang Kristine Y. , Adams Olufemi E. , Yu Michael D. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

With a decline in the use of scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair in recent years, this review seeks to provide a summary of the most recent research findings regarding the role of scleral buckling in the repair of RRD.

Recent findings

Many recent studies have compared visual and anatomic outcomes between scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RRD repair. Some suggest superior outcomes with primary scleral buckling, particularly in younger, phakic patients, and in association with other risk factors that we review. Children do best with primary scleral buckling surgery. Functionally, scleral buckling may also result in lower rates of retinal displacement compared to PPV. When PPV is necessary, a supplemental buckle may benefit certain patients, while the advantage remains unclear in other clinical scenarios and necessitates further investigation.

Scleral buckling is an important technique for the repair of RRD and it is crucial to continue training retina surgeons in this technique to maximize patient outcomes.
The effect of predictive nursing on the mental state, compliance and sleep quality of senile cervicitis: An observational study
Authors: Rao Danfeng , Chen Xiangxiang , Li Feng , Chen Xiaoxue , Chen Jing , Yu Qian , Zhang Xiuge
Published: May 2024

To explore the effect of predictive nursing on the mental state, compliance and sleep quality of elderly patients with cervicitis. The clinical data of 96 elderly patients with cervicitis who were admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the different treatments, they were divided into a control group and an observation group with 48 cases each. Among them, the control group was given routine care, and the observation group was given predictive care on the basis of the control group. The effects of the quality of life, mental state, compliance and sleep quality of the 2 groups of patients before and after nursing were compared. Comparing the nursing compliance of the 2 groups of elderly patients with cervicitis, statistics showed that the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). After nursing, the sleep quality, increased arousal, unstable sleep, and night terrors of the 2 groups of elderly patients with cervicitis were significantly improved, and the negative emotion score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Statistics show that this difference is statistically significant (P < .05). The comparison of the quality of life scores of the 2 groups of patients before nursing was not statistically significant (P > .05). After nursing, the mental vitality score, social interaction score, emotional restriction score, and mental status of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Statistics showed that the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). After nursing, the psychological pressure of the 2 groups of elderly patients with cervicitis was significantly improved, and the observation group fear, anxiety, desire for knowledge, fear of discrimination, despair, and low self-esteem were significantly lower than those of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Predictive nursing can effectively improve the quality of life and sleep of elderly patients with cervicitis, reduce psychological pressure, improve compliance and sleep quality, and benefit the prognosis and clinical treatment of patients. It has a certain reference value for the nursing of elderly patients with cervicitis.
Efficacy of music therapy for pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Lei Ming , Li Guangquan , Tang Yizhi , Yuan Jinlong , Yang Tao , Gao Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Music therapy may have some potential in the pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and this meta-analysis aims to study the analgesic efficacy of music therapy for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Methods:

We have searched several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library databases, and selected the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of music therapy for pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. This meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effect or fixed-effect model based on the heterogeneity.

Results:

Ten RCTs and 879 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with routine care for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, music therapy was associated with substantially reduced pain scores (standard mean difference [SMD] = −1.00; 95% CI = −1.57 to −0.42; P = .0007), improved patient satisfaction (SMD = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.45 to 2.77; P = .006) and willingness to repeat (SMD = 2.06; 95% CI = 0.40 to 3.72; P = .01), but had no influence on analgesic consumption (SMD = −3.11; 95% CI = −7.07 to 0.85; P = .12) or adverse events (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 0.20 to 14.10; P = .64).

Conclusions:

Music therapy was effective to control the pain of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.