bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Polymerization of Hydroquinone on Graphite Felt as a Pseudocapacitive Material for Application in a Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Guanwen , Feng Chunhua
Published: June 2017

Here we reported the use of electropolymerization to achieve the transformation of aqueous hydroquinone to solid-phase polyhydroquinone (PHQ) with pseudocapacitive characteristics, and the application of this redox-active product to shuttle electron transfer in the anode system of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The microscopic and spectroscopic results showed that the treatment of the graphite felt (GF) substrate with acids was effective in improving the amounts of surface-bound oxygen-containing groups, enabling better adhesion of PHQ onto the GF surfaces. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the resulting PHQ–AGF (acid treated GF) possessed high pseudocapacitance due to the fast and reversible redox cycling between hydroquinone and benzoquinone. The MFC equipped with the PHQ–AGF anode achieved a maximum power density of 633.6 mW m−2, which was much higher than 368.2, 228.8, and 119.7 mW m−2 corresponding to the MFC with the reference PHQ–GF, AGF, and GF anodes, respectively. The increase in the power performance was attributed to the incorporation of the redox-active PHQ abundant in C–OH and C=O groups that were beneficial to the increased extracellular electron transfer and enhanced bacterial adhesion on the anode.
Tree Stem Diameter Estimation From Volumetric TLS Image Data
Authors: Heinzel Johannes , Huber Markus
Published: June 2017

Recently, a new method on tree stem isolation using volumetric image data from terrestrial laser scans (TLS) has been introduced by the same authors. The method transfers TLS data into a voxel grid data structure and isolates the tree stems from the overall forest vegetation. While the stem detection method yields on a three dimensional localisation of the tree stems, the present study introduces a supplemental technique, which accurately estimates the diameter at breast height (DBH) from the stem objects. Often, large pieces of the stems are occluded by other vegetation and are only partially represented in the laser scanning data, not covering the complete circumference. Therefore, it was not possible to measure the diameter at 130 cm height directly on the stem imagery. Instead, a method has been developed, which estimated the diameter from the fragmented stem information at the specific cross sections. The stem information was processed in a way, which allowed applying a Hough transform to the image for fitting circles to the cross sections. In contrast to other studies, Hough transform was applied to single stem images with information from other vegetation parts already being removed. Even in cases where only a single and very small fragment of a stem is available, the diameter could be estimated from the curvature. It also has been demonstrated that the image resolution for DBH measurement can be significantly higher than the resolution used for stem isolation in order to increase the precision. Verification of the computed DBH on nine spatially independent test sites showed that applying the Hough transform to single stem cross section images produced accurate results. When excluding the five strongest individual outliers a bias of −0.02 cm, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.9 cm and a R 2 of 0.98 were achieved.
Satellite-Based Inversion and Field Validation of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Respiration in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Ben , He Yongtao , Zhang Xianzhou , Zong Ning , Fu Gang , Shi Peili , Zhang Yangjian , Du Mingyuan , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2017

Alpine meadow ecosystem is among the highest soil carbon density and the most sensitive ecosystem to climate change. Partitioning autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic components (Rm) of ecosystem respiration (Re) is critical to evaluating climate change effects on ecosystem carbon cycling. Here we introduce a satellite-based method, combining MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products, eddy covariance (EC) and chamber-based Re components measurements, for estimating carbon dynamics and partitioning of Re from 2009 to 2011 in a typical alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Six satellite-based gross primary production (GPP) models were employed and compared with GPP_EC, all of which appeared to well explain the temporal GPP_EC trends. However, MODIS versions 6 GPP product (GPP_MOD) and GPP estimation from vegetation photosynthesis model (GPP_VPM) provided the most reliable GPP estimation magnitudes with less than 10% of relative predictive error (RPE) compared to GPP_EC. Thus, they together with MODIS products and GPP_EC were used to estimate Re using the satellite-based method. All satellite-based Re estimations generated an alternative estimation of Re_EC with negligible root mean square errors (RMSEs, g C m−2 day−1) either in the growing season (0.12) or not (0.08). Moreover, chamber-based Re measurements showed that autotrophic contributions to Re (Ra/Re) could be effectively reflected by all these three satellite-based Re partitions. Results showed that the Ra contribution of Re were 27% (10–48%), 43% (22–59%) and 56% (33–76%) from 2009 to 2011, respectively, of which inter-annual variation is mainly attributed to soil water dynamics. This study showed annual temperature sensitivity of Ra (Q10,Ra) with an average of 5.20 was significantly higher than that of Q10,Rm (1.50), and also the inter-annual variation of Q10,Ra (4.14–7.31) was larger than Q10,Rm (1.42–1.60). Therefore, our results suggest that the response of Ra to temperature change is stronger than that of Rm in this alpine meadow.
LDMOS Channel Thermometer Based on a Thermal Resistance Sensor for Balancing Temperature in Monolithic Power ICs
Authors: Lin Tingyou , Ho Yingchieh , Su Chauchin
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a method of thermal balancing for monolithic power integrated circuits (ICs). An on-chip temperature monitoring sensor that consists of a poly resistor strip in each of multiple parallel MOSFET banks is developed. A temperature-to-frequency converter (TFC) is proposed to quantize on-chip temperature. A pulse-width-modulation (PWM) methodology is developed to balance the channel temperature based on the quantization. The modulated PWM pulses control the hottest of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) bank to reduce its power dissipation and heat generation. A test chip with eight parallel MOSFET banks is fabricated in TSMC 0.25 μm HV BCD processes, and total area is 900 × 914 μm2. The maximal temperature variation among the eight banks can reduce to 2.8 °C by the proposed thermal balancing system from 9.5 °C with 1.5 W dissipation. As a result, our proposed system improves the lifetime of a power MOSFET by 20%.
Equivalent Circuit Model of Low-Frequency Magnetoelectric Effect in Disk-Type Terfenol-D/PZT Laminate Composites Considering a New Interface Coupling Factor
Authors: Lou Guofeng , Yu Xinjie , Lu Shihua
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the modeling of magnetoelectric (ME) effects for disk-type Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92)/PZT (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) laminate composite at low frequency by combining the advantages of the static elastic model and the equivalent circuit model, aiming at providing a guidance for the design and fabrication of the sensors based on magnetoelectric laminate composite. Considering that the strains of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are not equal in actual operating due to the epoxy resin adhesive bonding condition, the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers were first modeled through the equation of motion separately, and then coupled together with a new interface coupling factor kc, which physically reflects the strain transfer between the phases. Furthermore, a theoretical expression containing kc for the transverse ME voltage coefficient αv and the optimum thickness ratio noptim to which the maximum ME voltage coefficient corresponds were derived from the modified equivalent circuit of ME laminate, where the interface coupling factor acted as an ideal transformer. To explore the influence of mechanical load on the interface coupling factor kc, two sets of weights, i.e., 100 g and 500 g, were placed on the top of the ME laminates with the same thickness ratio n in the sample fabrication. A total of 22 T-T mode disk-type ME laminate samples with different configurations were fabricated. The interface coupling factors determined from the measured αv and the DC bias magnetic field Hbias were 0.11 for 500 g pre-mechanical load and 0.08 for 100 g pre-mechanical load. Furthermore, the measured optimum thickness ratios were 0.61 for kc = 0.11 and 0.56 for kc = 0.08. Both the theoretical ME voltage coefficient αv and optimum thickness ratio noptim containing kc agreed well with the measured data, verifying the reasonability and correctness for the introduction of kc in the modified equivalent circuit model.
Development of an Automatic Testing Platform for Aviator’s Night Vision Goggle Honeycomb Defect Inspection
Authors: Jian Bo-Lin , Peng Chao-Chung
Published: June 2017

Due to the direct influence of night vision equipment availability on the safety of night-time aerial reconnaissance, maintenance needs to be carried out regularly. Unfortunately, some defects are not easy to observe or are not even detectable by human eyes. As a consequence, this study proposed a novel automatic defect detection system for aviator’s night vision imaging systems AN/AVS-6(V)1 and AN/AVS-6(V)2. An auto-focusing process consisting of a sharpness calculation and a gradient-based variable step search method is applied to achieve an automatic detection system for honeycomb defects. This work also developed a test platform for sharpness measurement. It demonstrates that the honeycomb defects can be precisely recognized and the number of the defects can also be determined automatically during the inspection. Most importantly, the proposed approach significantly reduces the time consumption, as well as human assessment error during the night vision goggle inspection procedures.
Link between Motor Competence and Health Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Luz Carlos , Cordovil Rita , Almeida Gabriela , Rodrigues Luis
Published: June 2017

This study examined motor competence (MC) behavior in 6- to 14-year-old children, and investigated the differences in health-related fitness (HRF) between high and low MC groups, according to sex and age. A sample of 564 children (288 males) participated in this study, divided into three age groups (6–8 years; 9–11 years; 12–14 years). Total MC and its three components (stability, locomotor, and manipulative) were assessed with a quantitative instrument. HRF was evaluated using a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test and the handgrip test. Participants were divided into tertiles according to their MC level and high and low MC groups were analyzed. Overall, MC increased across age groups for both sexes, but boys presented better results than girls. The high MC group outperformed their low MC peers in all HRF variables, independent of their age group. Although cardiovascular fitness increased with age for both the high and low MC groups, the differences between these groups were greater in older children compared to younger children, within the study age range. The findings suggest that MC interventions should be considered as an important strategy to enhance HRF, and girls at a young age should be a priority target.
Spatial Homophily of Commercial Areas: The Case of Seoul
Authors: Kim Go-Eun , Choi Mack
Published: June 2017

This paper attempts to answer the question of whether or not “segregation”, or at least “differentiation”, takes place in commercial areas in terms of “spatial homophily”. Based on the 2010 Household Travel Survey data in the Seoul metropolitan area, we first identify Seoul’s top 20 destinations for weekend shopping and leisure trips. Then, using traveler information regarding gender, age, and income, we calculate the percentage of female visitors, as well as the average and the coefficient of variation of age and income, for each destination. These statistics are employed to identify which groups and which shopping and leisure activity centers are characterized distinctively by spatial homophily. As a result, it is proved that “differentiation” takes place in commercial areas in terms of “spatial homophily”. Moreover, paying attention to the “Old Age, Low Income” cluster in the old downtown area, we can raise the possibility of “segregation” in commercial areas.
A Joint Evaluation of the Wind and Wave Energy Resources Close to the Greek Islands
Authors: Ganea Daniel , Amortila Valentin , Mereuta Elena , Rusu Eugen
Published: June 2017

The objective of this work is to analyze the wind and wave energy potential in the proximity of the Greek islands. Thus, by evaluating the synergy between wind and waves, a more comprehensive picture of the renewable energy resources in the target area is provided. In this study, two different data sources are considered. The first data set is provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) through the ERA-Interim project and covers an 11-year period, while the second data set is Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO) and covers six years of information. Using these data, parameters such as wind speed, significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (MWP) are analyzed. The following marine areas are targeted: Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Libyan Sea and Levantine Sea, near the coastal environment of the Greek islands. Initially, 26 reference points were considered. For a more detailed analysis, the number of reference points was narrowed down to 10 that were considered more relevant. Since in the island environments the resources are in general rather limited, the proposed work provides some outcomes concerning the wind and wave energy potential and the synergy between these two natural resources in the vicinity of the Greek islands. From the analysis performed, it can be noticed that the most energetic wind conditions are encountered west of Cios Island, followed by the regions east of Tinos and northeast of Crete. In these locations, the annual average values of the wind power density (Pwind) are in the range of 286–298.6 W/m2. Regarding the wave power density (Pwave), the most energetic locations can be found in the vicinity of Crete, north, south and southeast of the island. There, the wave energy potential is in the range of 2.88–2.99 kW/m.
Assessing the Effect of Carbon Tariffs on International Trade and Emission Reduction of China’s Industrial Products under the Background of Global Climate Governance
Authors: Chen Weiguang , Guo Qing
Published: June 2017

This paper simulates the effect of a carbon tariff on China’s trade of industrial products and emission reduction through the GTAP 8.0 model, when the European Union, the United States, and Japan impose a carbon tariff simultaneously or respectively. The conclusions indicate: (1) a carbon tariff will cause a decrease in exports for high-carbon industries and generate an increase in exports for low-carbon industries; (2) a carbon tariff will cause a greater reduction on imports for low-carbon industries than that for high-carbon industries; (3) a carbon tariff will also generate a noticeable increase in output for light industry and a decrease in output for heavy industry; and (4) a carbon tariff has an obviously positive effect on emission reduction for China’s industrial sector, which bears the most responsibility of emission reduction. Based on these conclusions, this paper puts forward some corresponding policy suggestions.
Assessing Impervious Surface Changes in Sustainable Coastal Land Use: A Case Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Kapo , Zhang Yuanzhi , Tsou Jin , Li Yu
Published: June 2017

In Hong Kong, reclamation is the main method for developing new land use areas as most country parks and mountains are protected under a land policy that emphasizes conservation for their high ecological value. Therefore, the land use for urbanized area in Hong Kong is limited, which has become an issue of concern. Hong Kong’s population is increasing; however, the amount of available land use is insufficient to meet the demand. Developing a high density of buildings is one of the critical strategies of Hong Kong’s government. Highly dense development may result in an urban heat island as well as health problems. In this study, we present an assessment of urban impervious surface changes in coastal megacities like Hong Kong based on satellite images. Landsat satellite images are employed to analyze urban impervious surface changes from 1995 to 2015 in coastal urban areas of Hong Kong. The results show that the increase of impervious surface area is almost the same as the increase in land reclamation area. This suggests that Hong Kong’s land use policy, which underlines conservation for high ecological value and reclamation, may be able to maintain its sustainable development of coastal land use.
Bioeconomy Strategies: Contexts, Visions, Guiding Implementation Principles and Resulting Debates
Authors: Meyer Rolf
Published: June 2017

Over the last decade, bioeconomy policies, guided by integrated bioeconomy strategies, have developed. This paper presents a systematic and comparative analysis of official bioeconomy strategies of the EU, Germany, OECD, Sweden and the USA with regard to their context, visions and guiding implementation principles. In an additional step, the relationship between these strategies and important scientific and societal debates around bioeconomy is assessed. In conclusion, five major stumbling blocks for the further development of the bioeconomy are worked out. First, there is the risk of disappointment because far-reaching promises of the strategies are difficult to achieve. Second, the bioeconomy is not the only way to a low carbon economy so alternatives could impede the desired development. Third, persistent conflicts between the different uses of biomass for food, material and energy production could lead to unstable policy support with short-term shifts. Fourth, a broader success of new bioeconomy value chains could trigger new societal conflicts over bioeconomy if efficiency gains, cascading use, residue use and sustainability certification are not sufficient to ensure a sustainable supply of biomass. Fifth, the acceptance of bioeconomy could be compromised if bioeconomy policies continue to ignore the on-going societal debates on agriculture and food.
A Robust Multifunctional Sandwich Panel Design with Trabecular Structures by the Use of Additive Manufacturing Technology for a New De-Icing System
Authors: Ferro Carlo , Varetti Sara , Vitti Fabio , Maggiore Paolo , Lombardi Mariangela , Biamino Sara , Manfredi Diego , Calignano Flaviana
Published: June 2017

Anti-ice systems assure a vital on-board function in most aircraft: ice prevention or de-icing is mandatory for all aerodynamic surfaces to preserve their performance, and for all the movable surfaces to allow the proper control of the plane. In this work, a novel multi-functional panel concept which integrates anti-icing directly inside the primary structure is presented. In fact, constructing the core of the sandwich with trabecular non-stochastic cells allows the presence of a heat exchanger directly inside the structure with a savings in weight and an improvement in thermal efficiency. This solution can be realized easily in a single-piece component using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology without the need for joints, gluing, or welding. The objective of this study is to preliminarily investigate the mechanical properties of the core constructed with Selective Laser Melting (SLM); through the Design of Experiment (DOE), different design parameters were varied to understand how they affect the compression behaviour.
Open Source Multi-Head 3D Printer for Polymer-Metal Composite Component Manufacturing
Authors: Laureto John , Pearce Joshua
Published: June 2017

As low-cost desktop 3D printing is now dominated by free and open source self-replicating rapid prototype (RepRap) derivatives, there is an intense interest in extending the scope of potential applications to manufacturing. This study describes a manufacturing technology that enables a constrained set of polymer-metal composite components. This paper provides (1) free and open source hardware and (2) software for printing systems that achieves metal wire embedment into a polymer matrix 3D-printed part via a novel weaving and wrapping method using (3) OpenSCAD and parametric coding for customized g-code commands. Composite parts are evaluated from the technical viability of manufacturing and quality. The results show that utilizing a multi-polymer head system for multi-component manufacturing reduces manufacturing time and reduces the embodied energy of manufacturing. Finally, it is concluded that an open source software and hardware tool chain can provide low-cost industrial manufacturing of complex metal-polymer composite-based products.
Singapore and Sydney: Regulation and Market-Making
Authors: Leong Ching , Li Lili
Published: June 2017

The different institutional forms of water utilities of Singapore and Sydney provide an interesting natural experiment on the role of a regulator in government-owned utilities (GOUs). In both cities, water is provided by GOUs. In Sydney, however, there is an independent regulator whereas in Singapore the Public Utilities Board is a statutory board without a regulator. This paper compared the regulation and market-making efforts by water utilities of Singapore and Sydney. We find that both are similar in quality of service, operational and economic efficiencies, and private sector investments. The difference lies in their choice of the instrument for involving the private sector. Sydney does this by appointing a specific regulator whereas Singapore uses contracts. Indeed, it argues that the government-owned water utilities of both Sydney and Singapore seek to capture as many benefits as possible from market-making efforts, that is, from mimicking private sector behaviors and by operating from the basic tenets of the regulatory state. Both countries seek to make rules addressing the “market failure” of a monopoly. In Sydney, such efforts are seen in the explicit contestability of the market and the high engagement with customers whereas in Singapore the efforts are more muted on both counts and are instead motivated toward developing water businesses as a whole
Clinical and Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) by Body Surface Area Affected by Psoriasis: Results from the Corrona PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Karki Chitra , Palmer Jacqueline B. , Etzel Carol J. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Malley Wendi , Herrera Vivian , Tran Melody , Greenberg Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2017

Objective.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is commonly comorbid with psoriasis; the extent of skin lesions is a major contributor to psoriatic disease severity/burden. We evaluated whether extent of skin involvement with psoriasis [body surface area (BSA) > 3% vs ≤ 3%] affects overall clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with PsA.

Methods.

Using the Corrona PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry, patient characteristics, disease activity, and PRO at registry enrollment were assessed for patients with PsA aged ≥ 18 years with BSA > 3% versus ≤ 3%. Regression models were used to evaluate associations of BSA level with outcome [modified minimal disease activity (MDA), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, patient-reported pain and fatigue, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire score]. Adjustments were made for age, sex, race, body mass index, disease duration, and history of biologics, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, and prednisone use.

Results.

This analysis included 1240 patients with PsA with known BSA level (n = 451, BSA > 3%; n = 789, BSA ≤ 3%). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, patients with BSA > 3% versus ≤ 3% had greater patient-reported pain and fatigue and higher HAQ scores (p = 2.33 × 10−8, p = 0.002, and p = 1.21 × 10−7, respectively), were 1.7× more likely not to be in modified MDA (95% CI 1.21–2.41, p = 0.002), and were 2.1× more likely to have overall work impairment (1.37–3.21, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion.

These Corrona Registry data show that substantial skin involvement (BSA > 3%) is associated with greater PsA disease burden, underscoring the importance of assessing and effectively managing psoriasis in patients with PsA because this may be a contributing factor in PsA severity.
Un républicain en droits de l’Homme : le cas du philosophe-sociologue Célestin Bouglé
Authors: Naquet Emmanuel
Published: June 2017

Les historiens se sont peu intéressés à Célestin Bouglé, à l’exception de quelques mentions dans les études sur le parti radical ou sur l’ENS dont il a fondé le centre de documentation sociale. Tel est le paradoxe d’une trajectoire partie d’un engagement dans le cadre de l’affaire Dreyfus et arrivée à la défense d’une République des droits de l’Homme, singulièrement au sein de la Ligue des droits de l’Homme (LDH). C’est aux ressorts de cette inscription dans la Cité, à ses amitiés et ses sociabilités, aux débats auxquels il a participé et aux combats qu’il a menés, singulièrement à la LDH de ce dreyfusiste que cet article s’intéresse. L’auteur entend montrer que Célestin Bouglé a tenté de faire se rejoindre les libertés et l’égalité, promeut la réforme et non la révolution, prône la solidarité, prouve la vérité et la justice d’un engagement, prouve et éprouve la leçon et l’expérience de l’affaire Dreyfus.
Enquête sur les étudiants en sociologie de Célestin Bouglé et leur engagement en politique (1920-1940)
Authors: Savoye Antoine
Published: June 2017

Professeur en Sorbonne, directeur du Centre de documentation sociale et de l’École normale supérieure, Célestin Bouglé a eu sous son autorité, durant vingt ans (1920-1940), plusieurs cohortes d’étudiants en philosophie. Certains, orientés par ses soins vers la sociologie, ont fait une carrière mémorable (Raymond Aron, Georges Friedmann, Jean Stoetzel). Mais que sait-on des autres ? Une première enquête permet d’identifier, à travers les diplômes qu’ils ont préparés et leur participation au Centre de documentation sociale, un échantillon de 70 apprentis sociologues. L’étude de ces sociologues en formation et de leurs orientations de recherche permet de réviser la représentation convenue de la sociologie universitaire durant cette période, souvent réduite aux seuls maîtres de la discipline et à ceux de leurs élèves qui ont « réussi ». Elle nous indique aussi, à travers l’engagement en politique des étudiants de Bouglé, combien est forte alors la compénétration entre sociologie et politique, entre spéculatif et normatif.
Marcel Mauss, correspondant de Marcel Cachin et Max Bonnafous : faiblesse du politique, force de la sociologie
Authors: Sembel Nicolas
Published: June 2017

La question des rapports entre le savant et le politique est ici abordée dans une perspective continuiste, à travers l’exemple des relations intellectuelles de Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) avec Marcel Cachin (1869-1958) et avec Max Bonnafous (1900-1975). En comparaison, Mauss est autant savant que Cachin et Bonnafous sont politiques, bien que tous trois sociologues ; ce qui le rapproche encore de Durkheim. Nous décrirons l’ultime moment durkheimien de Cachin (en 1893) et de Bonnafous (en 1933), avant que les deux hommes ne basculent dans la politique professionnelle, et n’entrent, chacun à leur manière, dans l’histoire du XX e siècle, via le stalinisme et le pétainisme. Si le lien entre sociologie et politique semble inévitable, nous conclurons sur la nécessité analytique de séparer les deux, afin de ne pas être tenté de lier, comme l’ont fait Mauss et Durkheim, dans leurs illusions scientistes, mais pas dans leurs pratiques scientifiques, la force intrinsèque de la première avec la faiblesse contingente de la seconde.
La beauté ajoutée cyclique
Authors: Pradeau Christophe
Published: June 2017

Le mot cycle s’impose, à la fin du xixe siècle, pour nommer les ensembles romanesques unifiés par des techniques comme le retour des personnages. L’article déplie d’abord l’héritage d’un mot emprunté à la terminologie des arts poétiques et à celui de la philologie. Il montre ensuite comment le cycle, qu’il est difficile de définir par des critères formels, trouve à le faire au moyen de « fables génétiques » où s’exposent, sur un registre métaphorique ou allégorique, la singularité et les enjeux d’une forme informe. Ce faisant, la pensée du cycle institue comme haut lieu réflexif le processus de l’invention, le plus souvent ramené à un instant d’« illumination rétrospective », selon un scénario circulant de Balzac à Proust, qui a la vertu de conjoindre l’expérience de l’écrivain créateur et celle du lecteur, dont le plaisir qu’il éprouve dans le compagnonnage des œuvres-monde peut être défini comme une distance interne reconfigurante.
Genèses du roman-fleuve : réduire le cycle à l’opus ?
Authors: Leblond Aude
Published: June 2017

La temporalité du cycle est canalisée, voire mise en échec dans la genèse du roman-fleuve, qui fait apparaître une réduction de la série à l’opus. Pourtant, Martin du Gard met en scène, dans ses écrits intimes, la manière dont le temps narratif continue de déborder des limites d’un opus unique qui peine à l’endiguer. La logique cyclique, en effet, se lit dans les écrits personnels accompagnant les genèses successives des Thibault et de Maumort, et dans la mise en récit de la fabrique auctoriale. La logique interne de développement de l’œuvre reste proliférante. L’optimisme temporel du cycle, ainsi, s’il est contredit par une Histoire qui se présente comme un enchaînement aveugle de catastrophes, ressurgit dans la tentative reconduite de la construction des mondes fictionnels. Mais d’un roman-fleuve à l’autre, des Thibault à Maumort, la forme du cycle naturaliste a cédé la place à celle, dispersée et fragmentaire, d’un work in progress que Martin du Gard met sous le signe de Montaigne.
Du cercle fermé au réseau ouvert. Les Treize comme avant-texte de La Comédie humaine
Authors: Conrad Thomas
Published: June 2017

La genèse du cycle se confond largement avec le cycle lui-même : chaque élément d’un cycle en est aussi un avant-texte. Considéré par rapport à La Comédie humaine que nous connaissons, l’Histoire des Treize est un de ces avant-textes, d’autant plus intéressant qu’il forme, dès 1833, un ensemble autonome de récits interconnectés, c’est-à-dire un premier modèle de cycle, une première expérimentation sur le retour systématique des personnages. Or il est manifeste que l’unité des Treize n’est pas de nature sociale : le retour de personnages s’enracine, mais dans l’imaginaire politique du pacte social. L’unité de l’œuvre balzacienne est ainsi liée à un idéal de souveraineté politique collective, dont le modèle, loin de disparaître entièrement dans La Comédie humaine telle qu’elle se développera ensuite dans les années 1830 et 1840, reste souterrainement actif jusque dans les dernières œuvres du cycle. Le cercle fermé des Treize, sans disparaître, devient un réseau ouvert. Les Treize se fondent dans la société bourgeoise sans perdre leur identité, tout comme l’Histoire des Treize s’insère finalement dans La Comédie humaine, avant-texte ineffaçable dans le texte qu’il préfigure.
Dimeric Fcγ Receptor Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Study HIV-Specific Antibodies: A New Look into Breadth of Fcγ Receptor Antibodies Induced by the RV144 Vaccine Trial
Authors: McLean Milla R. , Madhavi Vijaya , Wines Bruce D. , Hogarth P. Mark , Chung Amy W. , Kent Stephen J.
Published: June 2017

Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses are of growing interest in the HIV vaccine field but current cell-based assays are usually difficult to reproduce across laboratories. We developed an ELISA and multiplex assay to model the cross-linking of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) by Abs, which is required to initiate an ADCC response. Our FcγR dimer ELISA readily detected Abs in samples from two separate cohorts of the partially efficacious Thai RV144 HIV vaccine efficacy trial. The FcγR dimer–binding Abs induced by the RV144 regimen correlated well with a functional measure of ADCC as well as IgG subclasses. The high-throughput multiplex assay allowed us to simultaneously measure FcγR dimer–binding Abs to 32 different HIV Ags, providing a measure of the breadth of FcγR-binding Abs induced by the RV144 trial. FcγR-binding Abs specific to V regions 1 and 2 were strongly associated with increased breadth of recognition of different Env proteins, suggesting anti–V regions 1 and 2 Abs may be a marker of ADCC breadth. This FcγR dimer provides an important tool for the further analysis and refinement of ADCC-inducing HIV and other antiviral vaccine regimens.
Loss of IP3 Receptor–Mediated Ca2+ Release in Mouse B Cells Results in Abnormal B Cell Development and Function
Authors: Tang Huayuan , Wang Hong , Lin Qingsong , Fan Feifei , Zhang Fei , Peng Xiaohong , Fang Xi , Liu Jie , Ouyang Kunfu
Published: June 2017

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mobilization after engagement of the BCR has been proposed to play an important role in B cell development and function. BCR activation causes an initial Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum that is mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and then triggers store-operated Ca2+ entry once endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store is depleted. Store-operated Ca2+ entry has been shown to regulate B cell function but is dispensable for B cell development. By contrast, the function of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release in B cells remains to be determined. In this study, we generated a B cell–specific IP3R triple-knockout (IP3R-TKO) mouse model and revealed that loss of IP3Rs increased transitional B cell numbers and reduced recirculating mature B cell numbers in bone marrow. In the peripheral tissues, the numbers of conventional B2 B cells and B1 B cells were both significantly decreased in IP3R-TKO mice. Ablation of IP3Rs also dramatically reduced BCR-mediated B cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, T cell–dependent and T cell–independent Ab responses were altered in IP3R-TKO mice. In addition, deletion of IP3Rs reduced IL-10–producing regulatory B cell numbers and led to defects in NFAT activation, which together resulted in decreased IL-10 secretion. Taken together, our study demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release plays an essential role in regulating B cell development, proliferation, Ab production, and B cell regulatory function in vivo.
A Case of Hypoglycemiainduced QT Prolongation Leading to Torsade de Pointes and a Review of Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Authors: Hannoodi Faris , Alwash Hashim , Shah Kushal , Ali Israa , Kumar Sarwan , Zakaria Khalid
Published: June 2017

Torsades de pointes is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Occurrence of this arrhythmia as a result of hypoglycemia has not been reported in the literature. We describe an interesting case of an insulindependent diabetic patient presenting with torsades de pointes resulting from hypoglycemia. A 62-year-old male was admitted to the hospital following an episode of severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia and a cardiac arrest. He was found to unresponsive at home after taking insulin. His serum glucose was found to be 18. He was given juice initially to normalize his glucose and was then transferred by EMS to ER where he was given 5% dextrose infusion. Analysis of the LifeVest rhythm recording showed torsades de pointes that was terminated by defibrillation of the LifeVest. Several mechanisms are responsible for torsade, including QT interval prolongation, adrenalin secretion and calcium overload leading to intracellular calcium oscillations. These mechanisms are a trigger to torsade de pointes. Predisposing factors were present leading torsade to occur.
Proceedings of the 63rd Congress of the Italian Embryological Group (GEI)
Authors: Editors Guest
Published: June 2017

Guest Editors: Mario Pestarino, Fiorenza De Bernardi, Stefano Cannata, Ada Maria Tata

Proceedings of the 663rd Congress of the Italian Embryological Group (GEI) - Rome, June 12-15, 2017
Acute Myeloid Leukemia with RAM Immunophenotype: A Pediatric Case with Unusual Morphologic Features
Authors: Conces Miriam , Abu-Arja Rolla , Reed Suzanne , Rangarajan Hemalatha , Guinipero Terri , Loken Michael , Brodersen Lisa , Kahwash Samir
Published: June 2017

The RAM immunophenotype has been recently described as a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that is characterized clinically by extremely poor prognosis. We present a case of AML with RAM immunophenotype in a 5-year-old patient that resulted in poor outcome despite early hematopoietic cell transplant. We describe the unusual morphologic features that, along with the distinct immunophenotype, may provide initial diagnostic clues and further justify the classification of this AML variant as a rather distinct subtype.
Assimilation of satellite NO2 observations at high spatial resolution using OSSEs
Authors: Liu Xueling , Mizzi Arthur P. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Fung Inez Y. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Observations of trace gases from space-based instruments offer the opportunity to constrain chemical and weather forecast and reanalysis models using the tools of data assimilation. In this study, observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed to investigate the potential of high space- and time-resolution column measurements as constraints on urban NOx emissions. The regional chemistry–meteorology assimilation system where meteorology and chemical variables are simultaneously assimilated is comprised of a chemical transport model, WRF-Chem, the Data Assimilation Research Testbed, and a geostationary observation simulator. We design OSSEs to investigate the sensitivity of emission inversions to the accuracy and uncertainty of the wind analyses and the emission updating scheme. We describe the overall model framework and some initial experiments that point out the first steps toward an optimal configuration for improving our understanding of NOx emissions by combining space-based measurements and data assimilation. Among the findings we describe is the dependence of errors in the estimated NOx emissions on the wind forecast errors, showing that wind vectors with a RMSE below 1 m s−1 allow inference of NOx emissions with a RMSE of less than 30 mol/(km2  ×  h) at the 3 km scale of the model we use. We demonstrate that our inference of emissions is more accurate when we simultaneously update both NOx emissions and NOx concentrations instead of solely updating emissions. Furthermore, based on our analyses, we recommend carrying out meteorology assimilations to stabilize NO2 transport from the initial wind errors before starting the emission assimilation. We show that wind uncertainties (calculated as a spread around a mean wind) are not important for estimating NOx emissions when the wind uncertainties are reduced below 1.5 m s−1. Finally, we present results assessing the role of separate vs. simultaneous chemical and meteorological assimilation in a model framework without covariance between the meteorology and chemistry.
Evaluation of large-eddy simulations forced with mesoscale model output for a multi-week period during a measurement campaign
Authors: Heinze Rieke , Moseley Christopher , Böske Lennart Nils , Muppa Shravan Kumar , Maurer Vera , Raasch Siegfried , Stevens Bjorn
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of a multi-week period during the HD(CP)2 (High-Definition Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction) Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) conducted in Germany are evaluated with respect to mean boundary layer quantities and turbulence statistics. Two LES models are used in a semi-idealized setup through forcing with mesoscale model output to account for the synoptic-scale conditions. Evaluation is performed based on the HOPE observations. The mean boundary layer characteristics like the boundary layer depth are in a principal agreement with observations. Simulating shallow-cumulus layers in agreement with the measurements poses a challenge for both LES models. Variance profiles agree satisfactorily with lidar measurements. The results depend on how the forcing data stemming from mesoscale model output are constructed. The mean boundary layer characteristics become less sensitive if the averaging domain for the forcing is large enough to filter out mesoscale fluctuations.
Impact of the choice of the satellite aerosol optical depth product in a sub-regional dust emission inversion
Authors: Escribano Jerónimo , Boucher Olivier , Chevallier Frédéric , Huneeus Nicolás
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Mineral dust is the major continental contributor to the global atmospheric aerosol burden with important effects on the climate system. Regionally, a large fraction of the emitted dust is produced in northern Africa; however, the total emission flux from there is still highly uncertain. In order to reduce these uncertainties, emission estimates through top-down approaches (i.e. usually models constrained by observations) have been successfully developed and implemented. Such studies usually rely on a single observational dataset and propagate the possible observational errors of this dataset onto the emission estimates. In this study, aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from five different satellites are assimilated one by one in a source inversion system to estimate dust emission fluxes over northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We estimate mineral dust emissions for the year 2006 and discuss the impact of the assimilated dataset on the analysis. We find a relatively large dispersion in flux estimates among the five experiments, which can likely be attributed to differences in the assimilated observation datasets and their associated error statistics.
How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China
Authors: Yang Yudong , Shao Min , Keßel Stephan , Li Yue , Lu Keding , Lu Sihua , Williams Jonathan , Zhang Yuanhang , Zeng Liming , Nölscher Anke C. , Wu Yusheng , Wang Xuemei , Zheng Junyu
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Total OH reactivity measurements were conducted on the Peking University campus (Beijing) in August 2013 and in Heshan (Guangdong province) from October to November 2014. The daily median OH reactivity was 20 ± 11 s−1 in Beijing and 31 ± 20 s−1 in Heshan, respectively. The data in Beijing showed a distinct diurnal pattern with the maxima over 27 s−1 in the early morning and minima below 16 s−1 in the afternoon. The diurnal pattern in Heshan was not as evident as in Beijing. Missing reactivity, defined as the difference between measured and calculated OH reactivity, was observed at both sites, with 21 % missing reactivity in Beijing and 32 % missing reactivity in Heshan. Unmeasured primary species, such as branched alkenes, could contribute to missing reactivity in Beijing, especially during morning rush hours. An observation-based model with the RACM2 (Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism version 2) was used to understand the daytime missing reactivity in Beijing by adding unmeasured oxygenated volatile organic compounds and simulated intermediates of the degradation from primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the model could not find a convincing explanation for the missing reactivity in Heshan, where the ambient air was found to be more aged, and the missing reactivity was presumably attributed to oxidized species, such as unmeasured aldehydes, acids and dicarbonyls. The ozone production efficiency was 21 % higher in Beijing and 30 % higher in Heshan when the model was constrained by the measured reactivity, compared to the calculations with measured and modeled species included, indicating the importance of quantifying the OH reactivity for better understanding ozone chemistry.
Characterization of fresh and aged organic aerosol emissions from meat charbroiling
Authors: Kaltsonoudis Christos , Kostenidou Evangelia , Louvaris Evangelos , Psichoudaki Magda , Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Florou Kalliopi , Liangou Aikaterini , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Cooking emissions can be a significant source of fine particulate matter in urban areas. In this study the aerosol- and gas-phase emissions from meat charbroiling were characterized. Greek souvlakia with pork were cooked using a commercial charbroiler and a fraction of the emissions were introduced into a smog chamber where after a characterization phase they were exposed to UV illumination and oxidants. The particulate and gas phases were characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) correspondingly. More than 99 % of the aerosol emitted was composed of organic compounds, while black carbon (BC) contributed 0.3 % and the inorganic species less than 0.5 % of the total aerosol mass. The initial O  :  C ratio was approximately 0.09 and increased up to 0.30 after a few hours of chemical aging (exposures of 1010 molecules cm−3 s for OH and 100 ppb h for ozone). The initial and aged AMS spectra differed considerably (θ =  27°). Ambient measurements were also conducted during Fat Thursday in Patras, Greece, when traditionally meat is charbroiled everywhere in the city. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed that cooking organic aerosol (COA) reached up to 85 % of the total OA from 10:00 to 12:00 LST that day. The ambient COA factor in two major Greek cities had a mass spectrum during spring and summer similar to the aged meat charbroiling emissions. In contrast, the ambient COA factor during winter resembled strongly the fresh laboratory meat charbroiling emissions.
Use of a heated graphite scrubber as a means of reducing interferences in UV-absorbance measurements of atmospheric ozone
Authors: Turnipseed Andrew A. , Andersen Peter C. , Williford Craig J. , Ennis Christine A. , Birks John W.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A new solid-phase scrubber for use in conventional ozone (O3) photometers was investigated as a means of reducing interferences from other UV-absorbing species and water vapor. It was found that when heated to 100–130 °C, a tubular graphite scrubber efficiently removed up to 500 ppb ozone and ozone monitors using the heated graphite scrubber were found to be less susceptible to interferences from water vapor, mercury vapor, and aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to conventional metal oxide scrubbers. Ambient measurements from a graphite scrubber-equipped photometer and a co-located Federal equivalent method (FEM) ozone analyzer showed excellent agreement over 38 days of measurements and indicated no loss in the scrubber's ability to remove ozone when operated at 130 °C. The use of a heated graphite scrubber was found to reduce the interference from mercury vapor to ≤ 3 % of that obtained using a packed-bed Hopcalite scrubber. For a series of substituted aromatic compounds (ranging in volatility and absorption cross section at 253.7 nm), the graphite scrubber was observed to consistently exhibit reduced levels of interference, typically by factors of 2.5 to 20 less than with Hopcalite. Conventional solid-phase scrubbers also exhibited complex VOC adsorption and desorption characteristics that were dependent upon the relative humidity (RH), volatility of the VOC, and the available surface area of the scrubber. This complex behavior involving humidity is avoided by use of a heated graphite scrubber. These results suggest that heated graphite scrubbers could be substituted in most ozone photometers as a means of reducing interferences from other UV-absorbing species found in the atmosphere. This could be particularly important in ozone monitoring for compliance with the United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act or for use in VOC-rich environments such as in smog chambers and monitoring indoor air quality.