bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squalene in Nanoparticles Improves Antiproliferative Effect on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Through Apoptosis by Disturbances in Redox Balance
Authors: Bidooki Seyed Hesamoddin , Quero Javier , Sánchez-Marco Javier , Herrero-Continente Tania , Marmol Inés , Lasheras Roberto , Sebastian Victor , Arruebo Manuel , Osada Jesús , Rodriguez-Yoldi María Jesús
Published: December 2024

Squalene, a triterpene found in extra virgin olive oil, has therapeutic properties in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer. However, its hydrophobic nature and susceptibility to oxidation limit its bioavailability outside of olive oil. To expand its applications, alternative delivery methods are necessary. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of squalene encapsulated in PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid) nanoparticles (PLGA + Sq) on the proliferation of human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells, as well as its underlying mechanism of action. The findings demonstrated that PLGA + Sq exert no influence on differentiated cells; however, it is capable of reducing the proliferation of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This effect was initiated by the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, squalene exhibited pro-oxidant activity, as evidenced by an increase in intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. The results of the squalene effect on genes associated with cell death, inflammation, and the cell cycle indicate that its antiproliferative effect may be post-transcriptional. In conclusion, PLGA + Sq demonstrate an antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells through apoptosis by altering redox balance, suggesting squalene’s potential as a functional food ingredient for colorectal cancer prevention.
Review of hTERT-Immortalized Cells: How to Assess Immortality and Confirm Identity
Authors: Shitova Maria , Alpeeva Elena , Vorotelyak Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

Cell immortalization has an important role in scientific research, as well as increasing significance in the context of cell therapy and biotechnology. Over the years, many immortalized cell lines have been produced using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) alone or in a combination with viral oncogenes. Different hTERT-immortalized cells are commercially available, and numerous papers about obtaining immortalized cell lines have also been published. However, no specific list of characteristics that need to be checked to confirm successful immortalization exists. Most researchers evaluate only a few parameters, while different articles contain various opinions on the assessment of these characteristics. Results also vary significantly between different cell types, which have their own traits depending on their origin and functions. In the current paper, we raise these questions and discuss controversial issues concerning currently available testing methods for immortalization evaluation and the value and the limitations of the approaches. In addition, we propose a protocol for evaluation of hTERT immortalization success consisting of the following important steps: the assessment of the proliferation rate and dividing capacity, cell morphology, phenotype, karyotype stability, telomerase activity, the expression of cell-specific markers, and tumorigenicity. To our opinion, the hTERT expression level, telomere length, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining are controversial with regard to the implemented methods, so these parameters may be optional. For all the evaluation steps, we recommend to pay attention to the necessity of comparing the traits of the obtained immortalized and parent cells.
CGFTNet: Content-Guided Frequency Domain Transform Network for Face Super-Resolution
Authors: Yekeben Yeerlan , Cheng Shuli , Du Anyu
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in face super resolution (FSR) have been propelled by deep learning techniques using convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, existing methods still struggle with effectively capturing global facial structure information, leading to reduced fidelity in reconstructed images, and often require additional manual data annotation. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a content-guided frequency domain transform network (CGFTNet) for face super-resolution tasks. The network features a channel attention-linked encoder-decoder architecture with two key components: the Frequency Domain and Reparameterized Focus Convolution Feature Enhancement module (FDRFEM) and the Content-Guided Channel Attention Fusion (CGCAF) module. FDRFEM enhances feature representation through transformation domain techniques and reparameterized focus convolution (RefConv), capturing detailed facial features and improving image quality. CGCAF dynamically adjusts feature fusion based on image content, enhancing detail restoration. Extensive evaluations across multiple datasets demonstrate that the proposed CGFTNet consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Non-Local Prior Dense Feature Distillation Network for Image Compressive Sensing
Authors: Feng Mingkun , Han Xiaole , Zheng Kai
Published: December 2024

Deep learning-based image compressive sensing (CS) methods often suffer from high computational complexity and significant loss of image details in reconstructions. A non-local prior dense feature distillation network (NPDFD-Net) is proposed for image CS. First, the non-local priors of images are leveraged to enhance high-frequency information in the measurements. Second, a discrete wavelet decomposition learning module and an inverse discrete wavelet reconstruction module are designed to reduce information loss and significantly lower computational complexity. Third, a feature distillation mechanism is incorporated into residual dense blocks to improve feature transmission efficiency. Finally, a multi-scale enhanced spatial attention module is proposed to strengthen feature diversity. Experimental results indicate that compared to MRCS_GAN, OCTUF, and DPC-DUN, the proposed method achieves an average PSNR improvement of 1.52%, 2.35%, and 0.93%, respectively, on the Set5 dataset. The image reconstruction running time is enhanced by 93.93%, 71.76%, and 40.74%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in restoring fine texture details in the reconstructed images.
The First Neotropical Record of the Genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) with Keys to the World Species and a Description of a New Species from Honduras
Authors: Sruoga Virginijus
Published: December 2024

The genus Urodeta Stainton (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) is recorded for the first time from the Neotropical region, with the description of a new species, Urodeta inerme sp. nov., from Honduras. The new species is diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults, genitalia of both sexes, and habitat. Identification keys to the world species of the genus Urodeta, based on male and female genitalia, are provided.
Imported Fire Ants Discard Cricket Eggs
Authors: Chen Jian , Ni Xinzhi , Grodowitz Michael J.
Published: December 2024

The house cricket, Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus), is often used as a food source for the maintenance of imported fire ants under laboratory rearing. It was found that both red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, and black imported fire ants, S. richteri Forel, consumed most of the soft tissues of female crickets, but avoided their eggs by disposing of them on refuse piles. Bioassays using freshly collected cricket eggs showed that ants first retrieved eggs into their nests and then discarded them onto the refuse piles. The major chemicals on the surface of cricket eggs were found to be fatty acids, including lauric, myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acid. Fatty acids are well-known death cues of insects and elicitors of widespread necrophoric behavior in ants. It was shown that both the cricket egg extract and the reconstructed fatty acid mixture elicited the necrophoric behavior of S. invicta; however, they never elicited retrieving behavior. Unknown chemicals on cricket eggs, other than fatty acids, might be responsible for the retrieving behavior. Interestingly, cricket eggs had a very similar fatty acid profile to that of dead ants collected from refuse piles. Possible causes for such a strong match in fatty acid profiles between dead ants and cricket eggs are discussed.
How Habitat Simplification Shapes the Morphological Characteristics of Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Different Biogeographical Contexts
Authors: da Silva Utta Ana Cristina , Chiatante Gianpasquale , Schifani Enrico , Meriggi Alberto , Fernandes Itanna Oliveira , Borges Paulo A. V. , Solar Ricardo R. C. , Baccaro Fabricio Beggiato , Grasso Donato Antonio
Published: December 2024

Human-driven changes in land cover and use can significantly impact species ants community structures, often leading to a decline in taxonomic diversity or species homogenization. Ant morphology, used as a proxy for ecological function, offers a valuable framework for understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ant diversity. This study explored the morphological diversity of ant assemblages in agricultural ecosystems and secondary forests in Italy and the Brazilian Amazon, analyzing how these communities are structured and adapted to different environments. The research aims to understand the ecological interactions and the role of ants in maintaining biodiversity in these contexts. The study was conducted in the Ticino River Natural Park, Italy, and the Paragominas mosaic in Pará, Brazil. The ants were sampled using epigean pitfall traps at 15 agricultural and 13 forest sites. In the secondary forests, the species richness was significantly higher in both countries compared to agricultural areas. In general, the Community Weighted Mean (CWM) of the selected traits (head length, head width, interocular distance, mandible length, eye width, Weber’s length, and tibia length) of Brazilian ants was higher than those of Italian. However, the CWM of agricultural areas of the two countries was more similar. We noticed the convex hull (i.e., the volume of an assemblage in the morphological space) of Brazilian secondary forests was still larger than Italian secondary forests when both assemblages have the same number of species. Morphological homogenization was more pronounced in agricultural settings, whereas secondary forests showed more variability, highlighting the role of environmental filtering in shaping ant communities across land use types.
Salicylic Aldehyde and Its Potential Use in Semiochemical-Based Pest Control Strategies Against Trypophloeus binodulus
Authors: Ortiz Antonio , Ruiz-Martos Lucía , Bruno Andy , Vega-Valdés Carmen , Díez-Presa Eva , Delgado-Salán Lucía , Mínguez-Bermejo Dana , Casquero Pedro A. , Rodríguez-González Álvaro
Published: December 2024

The poplar bark beetle Trypophloeus binodulus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a key pest of poplar trees (Malpighiales: Salicaceae, genus Populus) across northern Spain. However, among the more than 200 poplar clones available on the market, the clone USA 184-411 has the highest susceptibility to T. binodulus attacks. We tested the hypothesis that compounds released by the most susceptible poplar clone chemically mediate Trypophloeus binodulus behavior. The leaf and bark volatile chemical profile composition of host poplar Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae) clones were analyzed and tested on adult T. binodulus by electroantennography (EAG) and by monitoring their populations in baited traps in northern Spain. The collection of volatiles released by the leaves and bark of both clones by SPME revealed the emission of 53 components from different chemical classes. Salicylaldehyde dominated these collections of leaf volatiles and was more abundant in aerations of the more susceptible poplar clone (USA 184-411). The EAG response of adult beetles to salicylaldehyde was higher than that of any other plant odorants. In field trials, traps baited with salicylaldehyde + ethanol significantly captured more adults than all other treatments, irrespective of other lure components. The present study could aid in developing semiochemical-based management tactics against this important pest.
Wavelets-Based Texture Analysis of Post Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Recognition of Pathological Complete Response in Rectal Cancer, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Begal Julia , Sabo Edmond , Goldberg Natalia , Bitterman Arie , Khoury Wissam
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may experience pathological complete response (pCR). Tools that can identify pCR are required to define candidates suitable for the watch and wait (WW) strategy. Automated image analysis is used for predicting clinical aspects of diseases. Texture analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) wavelets algorithms provides a novel way to identify pCR. We aimed to evaluate wavelets-based image analysis of MRI for predicting pCR. Methods: MRI images of rectal cancer from 22 patients who underwent nCRT were captured at best representative views of the tumor. The MRI images were digitized and their texture was analyzed using different mother wavelets. Each mother wavelet was used to scan the image repeatedly at different frequencies. Based on these analyses, coefficients of similarity were calculated providing a variety of textural variables that were subsequently correlated with histopathology in each case. This allowed for proper identification of the best mother wavelets able to predict pCR. The predictive formula of complete response was computed using the independent statistical variables that were singled out by the multivariate regression model. Results: The statistical model used four wavelet variables to predict pCR with an accuracy of 100%, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, and PPV and NPV of 100%. Conclusions: Wavelet-transformed texture analysis of radiomic MRI can predict pCR in patients with LARC. It may provide a potential accurate surrogate method for the prediction of clinical outcomes of nCRT, resulting in an effective selection of patients amenable to WW.
A Multimodal Patient-Centered Teleprehabilitation Approach for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Breast Cancer: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Mostaqim Kenza , Lahousse Astrid , Ubaghs Simone , Timmermans Annick , Deliens Tom , Vanhoeij Marian , Fontaine Christel , de Jonge Eric , Van Hoecke Jan , Polastro Laura , Lamotte Michel , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio , Huysmans Eva , Nijs Jo
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, and advances in early detection and treatment have significantly increased survival rates. However, people living beyond breast cancer often suffer from late sequelae, negatively impacting their quality of life. Prehabilitation, focusing on the period prior to surgery, is a unique opportunity to enhance oncology care by preparing patients for the upcoming oncological treatment and rehabilitation. This article provides a clinical perspective on a patient-centered teleprehabilitation program tailored to individuals undergoing primary breast cancer surgery. The proposed multimodal program includes three key components: patient education, stress management, and physical activity promotion. Additionally, motivational interviewing is used to tailor counseling to individual needs. The proposed approach aims to bridge the gap between diagnosis and oncological treatment and provides a holistic preparation for surgery and postoperative rehabilitation in breast cancer patients. The aim of this preparation pertains to improving mental and physical resilience. By integrating current evidence and patient-centered practices, this article highlights the potential for teleprehabilitation to transform clinical care for breast cancer patients, addressing both logistical challenges and holistic well-being.
Optimized Data Transmission and Signal Processing for Telepresence Suits in Multiverse Interactions
Authors: Volkov Artem , Muthanna Ammar , Paramonov Alexander , Koucheryavy Andrey , Elgendy Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of the metaverse, designing effective interfaces in virtual and augmented environments presents significant challenges. Additionally, keeping real-time sensory data flowing from users to their virtual avatars in a seamless and accurate manner is one of the biggest challenges in this domain. To this end, this article investigates a telepresence suit as an interface for interaction within the metaverse and its virtual avatars, aiming to address the complexities of signal generation, conversion, and transmission in real-time telepresence systems. We model a telepresence suit framework that systematically generates state data and transmits it to end-points, which can be either robotic avatars or virtual representations within a metaverse environment. Through a hand movement study, we successfully minimized the volume of transmitted information, reducing traffic by over 50%, which directly decreased channel load and packet delivery delay. For instance, as channel load decreases from 0.8 to 0.4, packet delivery delay is reduced by approximately half. This optimization not only enhances system responsiveness but also improves accuracy, particularly by reducing delays and errors in high-priority signal paths, enabling more precise and reliable telepresence interactions in metaverse settings.
The Effects of Antioxidant Cocktail on Ophthalmological Changes Induced by a 60-Day Head-Down Bed Rest in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Kermorgant Marc , Varenne Fanny , Pavy-Le Traon Anne , Geeraerts Thomas , Barioulet Lisa , Fournié Pierre , Billette de Villemeur Rebecca , Bareille Marie-Pierre , Beck Arnaud , Golemis Adrianos , Antunes Inês , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Soler Vincent , Quintyn Jean-Claude
Published: December 2024

Neuro-ophthalmological changes have been reported after prolonged exposure to microgravity; however, the pathophysiology remains unclear. Furthermore, several countermeasures have been suggested to counteract the side effects of microgravity. The objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to assess the neuro-ophthalmological impact of 60 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR) and (2) to determine the potential effects of an antioxidant cocktail. In this case, 20 healthy male subjects completed a 60-day HDBR and were randomly allocated into two groups: a control condition without an antioxidant cocktail (CON) and a condition with an antioxidant cocktail (NUT). The retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were assessed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured by ocular ultrasonography and used to assess indirect changes in the intracranial pressure (ICP). The intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed by Goldmann applanation tonometry. The CRT tended to be reduced after HDBR. The ONSD was increased at the end and after HDBR. The IOP tended to decrease after HDBR. Finally, the antioxidant cocktail had minor impacts on the ophthalmological changes induced by HDBR. It is worth noting that two participants presented peripapillary edema.
Fertilization for Growth or Feeding the Weeds? A Deep Dive into Nitrogen’s Role in Rice Dynamics in Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez-Sabando Cristhian Fernando , Sánchez-Urdaneta Adriana Beatriz , Sánchez-Mora Fernando David , Loor-Escobar Gary Eduardo , Olivares Barlin O.
Published: December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crucial crop for employment and agricultural output and heavily reliant on family labor. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen levels (80, 120, and 160 kg·ha−1) on weed incidence and key agronomic variables, including vegetative growth, yield, and related traits, in Ecuador’s primary rice-growing regions, Guayas and Los Ríos. A split-plot randomized complete block design was implemented using two rice varieties (INIAP-FL-Elite and SFL-11) and three planting densities (20 × 30, 25 × 30, and 30 × 30 cm). Weed incidence was higher in Los Ríos, dominated by grasses (55.28%), while Cyperaceae (46.27%) prevailed in Guayas. The data analysis included non-parametric tests to identify significant treatment effects, debiased sparse partial correlations (DSPCs) to reveal key agronomic interactions, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify influential traits, ensuring robust and normalized interpretations. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects for all variables, with vegetative growth (VG) most affected (p < 0.001). The number of panicles (NP) and days to flowering (DF) showed significant though less pronounced effects, while the panicle length (LP) and 1000-seed weight (TSB) exhibited moderate responses. The DSPCs highlighted the grains per panicle (GP) and total biomass (SB) as critical variables, with significant correlations between the days to flowering and the tiller count at 55 days (r = 0.750, p < 0.001) and between the vegetative growth and the total biomass (r = 0.678, p < 0.001). PCA explained 58.8% of the total variance, emphasizing the days to flowering, plant height, total biomass, and yield as the most influential traits. These findings underline the importance of integrated nutrient and weed management strategies tailored to Ecuador’s agroecological conditions.
Hydrobiological and Geochemical Responses to Trout Cage Aquaculture in Lake Ecosystem
Authors: Lapenkov Artem , Guzeva Alina , Zaripova Ksenia , Dudakova Dina , Trifonov Artem
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the seasonal dynamics and interrelationships between geochemical and hydrobiological parameters in lake ecosystems impacted by fish cage farming in Lake Ladoga, Russia. Environmental conditions at three trout farms were assessed, focusing on water and sediment quality as well as benthic and zooplankton communities. For each farm, two categories of sampling sites were designated: cage sites and reference sites located 100–600 m away from the cages. Fieldwork was carried out across four seasons in 2023: February, June, August, and November. The findings indicate that intensive fish feeding results in significant organic waste accumulation beneath trout cages, altering the composition and abundance of planktonic and benthic organisms. The organic matter content in sediments beneath the cages during periods of intensive feeding was found to increase 2–5 times compared to the reference sites. In winter, accumulated organic matter in the sediments underwent mineralization, bringing hydrobiological indicators closer to the reference values. The geochemical and hydrobiological parameters analyzed in this study serve as valuable indicators for developing ecological monitoring approaches in freshwater cage aquaculture.
Anion-Doped Perovskite Oxygen-Permeable Membranes Fabricated via an Improved One-Step Thermal Processing Approach
Authors: Niu Yongqiang , Zhou Wanglin , Ni Shuyang , Liu Zhengkun , Zhang Guangru , Jin Wanqin
Published: December 2024

Anion-doped perovskite membranes with a hollow fiber geometry have excellent oxygen separation performance. However, during the fabrication process of hollow fiber membranes, soaking the precursor in deionized water leads to elemental dissolution, especially anion dissolution. To prevent metal and anion element dissolution, an improved one-step thermal processing approach was proposed in which saturated solutions were used as internal and external coagulation baths, effectively controlling the stoichiometric ratio. Compared with using deionized water as internal and external coagulation baths, using a fluorine-containing saturated solution increased the oxygen flux of the membrane by 21% at 900 °C. The oxygen permeability of the fluorine-doped oxide membrane reached 6 mL cm−2 min−1 at 900 °C, with an oxygen flux exceeding 1 mL cm−2 min−1 at 700 °C, meeting commercial oxygen separation membrane standards. Anion doping and stability enhancement strategies could further advance the development and practical use of oxygen separation membranes.
Aspen Wood Characteristics Following Thermal Modification in Closed Process Under Pressure in Nitrogen
Authors: Sosins Guntis , Grinins Juris , Brazdausks Prans , Zicans Janis
Published: December 2024

Using a pilot-scale chamber with an interior capacity of 340 L, European aspen (Populus tremula) wood boards were thermally modified (TM) under pressure in nitrogen at a maximum temperature of 160–170 °C, for 60–180 min, and with an initial nitrogen pressure of 4–5 bar. After the TM process, aspen wood was characterised by dimensional changes, mass loss (ML), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), antiswelling efficiency (ASE), cell wall total water capacity (CWTWC), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and Brinell hardness (BH). This work offers fresh insights into the characteristics of aspen wood following a closed TM process in pressurised nitrogen. TM caused ML of 5.4–14.5% and shrinkage in all anatomic directions. The ASE ranged from 22 to 70%, while the CWTWC was reduced from 35% to 11–27%. After treatment, EMC and volumetric swelling (VS) were more than twice as low as in untreated wood. Although MOE values increased and the average MOR reduced following TM, the changes were not important. The TM aspen wood tangential surface’s BH dropped and was noticeably lower than the radial surface’s BH.
Microstructure of the Working Layer of X46Cr13 Steel in a Bimetal System with Gray Cast Iron
Authors: Przyszlak Natalia , Wróbel Tomasz , Dulska Agnieszka , Nuckowski Paweł M. , Łukowiec Dariusz , Stawarz Marcin
Published: December 2024

The research conducted in this study aimed to determine whether the production of a layered casting in the material system of X46Cr13 steel (working part) and gray cast iron (base part) can be integrated with the hardening process of this steel within the conditions of the casting mold. Accordingly, a series of layered castings was produced by preparing the mold cavity, where a monolithic steel insert was poured with molten gray cast iron with flake graphite. The variable factors in the casting production process included the pouring temperature Tp and the thickness of the support part g. Importantly, given that the hardening of the X46Cr13 steel insert occurred directly within the mold, the selection of casting parameters had to balance the ability to heat the insert to the austenitization temperature Tγ≥950°C while also creating thermokinetic conditions conducive to the rapid cooling of the system. Therefore, chromite sand—commonly regarded as a rapid-cooling material—was selected as the matrix for the molding material. Based on the conducted studies, it was determined that the thermokinetic properties of this material allowed the surface of the cast working part to be heated to the austenitization temperature. The microstructure consisted of Cr(Fe) carbides within a martensitic-pearlitic matrix, with martensite filling the grains of the primary austenite and pearlite situated along their boundaries. The carbides were primarily located at grain boundaries and, to a lesser extent, within the primary austenite grains. Through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the type of Cr(Fe) carbide in the microstructure of the working part was identified as M23C6.
Three-Dimensional Non-Homogeneous Microstructure Representation Using 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data for Additive-Manufactured Hastelloy X
Authors: Zaikovska Liene , Ekh Magnus , Gupta Mohit , Moverare Johan
Published: December 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods like powder bed fusion–laser beam (PBF-LB) enable complex geometry production. However, understanding and predicting the microstructural properties of AM parts remain challenging due to the inherent non-homogeneity introduced during the manufacturing process. This study demonstrates a novel approach for 3D microstructure representation and virtual testing of non-homogeneous AM materials using 2d electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. By employing the representative volume element (RVE) method, we reconstruct the 3D microstructure from 2D EBSD datasets, effectively capturing the grain morphological characteristics of PBF-LB-produced Hastelloy X. Using validated RVE data, we artificially generate combinations of two grain textures to gain deeper insight into locally affected areas, particularly the stress distribution within the interfaces, as well as global material behavior, exploring non-homogeneity. Computational homogenization (CH) utilizing a crystal elasticity finite element (CEFE) method is used to virtually test and predict directional elastic properties, offering insights into relationships between microstructure evolution and property correlation. The experimentally validated results show a strong correlation, with only 0.5–3.5% correlation error for the selected grain tessellation method. This consistency and reliability of the methodology provide high confidence for additional virtual tests predicting the properties of non-homogeneous, artificially generated combined-grain structures.
Dynamic Response Mechanism of Bedding Slopes with Alternatively Distributed Soft and Hard Rock Layers Under Different Seismic Excitation Directions: Insights from Numerical Simulations
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhao Fei , Shi Zhenming
Published: December 2024

The issue of slope stability in earthquakes has become increasingly prominent with the construction of many infrastructure projects such as highways, bridges, and tunnels. To explore the dynamic response characteristics of bedding rock slopes in an earthquake, the three-dimensional dynamic finite-difference method (TDD-FDM) in this study is used to establish simplified rock slope models, taking a bedding rock slope with alternatively distributed soft and hard rock layers in Yunnan, China as a prototype. The dynamic response mechanism of layered rock slopes containing different thicknesses, locations, and quantities of soft rock layers was studied under different excitation directions of seismic waves. The main findings are that the propagation of seismic waves at different rock layer structures has directionality, which causes the strongest seismic response to be all located in the upper or middle parts of the slope; the influence of rock structures on seismic response in layered rock slopes is in the order of thickness > quantity > location; the acceleration amplification effect of a slope under multi-directional seismic wave excitation exhibits the phenomena of differential amplification and coupling amplification; and the acceleration amplification factors of a slope with increasing peak ground acceleration from 0.05 g to 0.20 g show two trends: increasing–decreasing and continuous increasing. The findings of this study can be a reference for studying the dynamic response of rock slopes in strong earthquakes.
Finite Element and Theoretical Analysis of High-Strength Steel-Strand Mesh Reinforced ECCs Under Flexural Load
Authors: Cao Lei , Li Ziyuan , Li Yuxuan , Li Ke , Jing Denghu , Qi Ya , Geng Yaohui
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the flexural performance of slabs reinforced with high-strength steel-strand mesh (HSSM) and engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and theoretical modeling, this study aims to deepen the understanding of how these materials behave under bending stresses. A finite element model was developed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of ECCs during bending, considering critical elements such as tensile and compressive damage, as well as bond–slip interactions between the steel strands and the ECCs. Furthermore, a theoretical model was created to predict the load-bearing capacity of HSSM-reinforced ECC slabs, incorporating variables like reinforcement ratios, slab dimensions, and material characteristics. The findings reveal that increasing the reinforcement ratio substantially enhances both flexural stiffness and load-bearing capacity while reducing deflection. Comparisons between the FEA results, the theoretical forecasts, and the experimental observations show close alignment, validating the proposed models. This work provides important insights for optimizing the design of HSSM-reinforced ECC slabs, highlighting their potential improvements in structural systems that demand high flexural performance.
Effect of Dispersed ZrO2 Particles on Microstructure Evolution and Superconducting Properties of Nb-Ti Alloy
Authors: Idczak Rafał , Konieczny Robert , Nowak Wojciech , Bartz Wojciech , Babij Michał
Published: December 2024

The influence of dispersed ZrO2 particles on the microstructure evolution and the superconducting properties of a Nb-Ti alloy was investigated. The studied materials were prepared by different methods including mechanical alloying (MA) and arc-melting. The obtained samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that ZrO2 particles can be successively introduced into an Fe-Nb matrix by MA. However, among all prepared samples with a nominal composition of Nb-47wt%Ti-5 wt% ZrO2, only the powders, which were prepared by MA of Nb-47wt%Ti and ZrO2 powders, exhibit superconductivity with critical parameters comparable to those observed in pristine Nb-47wt%Ti alloy. In particular, the determined upper critical field at 0 K μ0Hc2(0) is close to 15.6(1) T. This value is slightly higher than 15.3(3) T obtained for Nb-47wt%Ti and it can be ascribed to the presence of introduced ZrO2 particles in the Nb-Ti matrix.
Design and Analysis of Fluorine-Free Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steels
Authors: Pereira Márcia Maria da Silva Monteiro , Tavernier Hervé , dos Santos Junior Tiago , Vernilli Fernando
Published: December 2024

Fluorine-based mold fluxes are critical for continuous casting of peritectic steels, controlling heat transfer and preventing cracks. However, environmental and health concerns associated with fluorine have spurred the search for alternative flux compositions. This study applied a factorial design to explore the effects of Na2O, TiO2, B2O3, and fluorine on key properties such as viscosity, crystallization temperature, and melting behavior. Analytical methods, including viscosity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), combined with thermodynamic modeling, were used to evaluate performance. Four formulations were selected based on factorial design results. Sample A, with high Na2O, exhibited intense crystallization of merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8) and perovskite (CaTiO3). Sample B, incorporating B2O3, had reduced crystallization and suitable viscosity (2.97 Pa·s). Sample C, with a slightly higher fluorine content than Sample B and without B2O3, presented balanced low viscosity (1.75 Pa·s) with a moderate crystallization tendency. Sample D, free of fluorine and B2O3, showed high viscosity (4.58 Pa·s) and significant crystallization. These results demonstrate that fluorine-free fluxes with properties comparable to fluorine-based compositions can be developed, offering a sustainable alternative for steelmaking. Industrial trials are necessary to validate their performance under operational conditions.
Enzymatic Interesterification of Cold-Pressed Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) Seed Oil and Belly Oil from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Through Supercritical CO2
Authors: Reinoso Francisca , Rodríguez Alicia , Sánchez Camila , Claria Benjamín , Romero Nalda , Espinosa Alejandra , Pando María Elsa , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Apaza Dayana , Dovale-Rosabal Gretel , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: December 2024

A new antioxidant lipid (AL) was synthesized from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belly oil and cold-pressed maqui (CPM) (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) seed oil via enzymatic interesterification using Thermomyces lanuginosus in supercritical CO2 medium. A Box–Behnken design with 15 experiments was employed, with the independent variables being the following: belly oil/CPM oil ratio (10/90, 50/50, and 90/10, w/w), supercritical CO2 temperature (40.0, 50.0, and 60.0 °C), and supercritical CO2 pressure (100.0, 200.0, and 300.0 bar) for enzymatic interesterification. A multiple optimization was conducted based on the response variables yield and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and tocopherol contents. The optimized conditions for the AL synthesis were: 81.4/18.6 (w/w), 40.0 °C and 299.99 bar, respectively. The corresponding responses variables were: 77.10% for yield, 5.12 and 4.95 g·100 g−1 total fatty acids for EPA and DHA, respectively, and 217.96, 4.28, 3.48, 64.48, and 6.39 mg·kg−1 oil for α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, respectively. A novel AL was successfully synthesized starting from two abundant natural resources commonly considered as by-products during industrial processing. In agreement with the high EPA, DHA, and tocopherol presence, this AL can be recommended to be employed in nutritional and therapeutic supplements, according to its health benefits, particularly concerning antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Multifaceted Impact of Gcn5 Knockdown in Drosophila Development
Authors: Li Youfeng , Xu Yue , Li Ruike , Huang Sirui , Wu Qiong , Yan Jing , Jiang Zhigang , Wu Xiushan , Li Fang , Wang Yuequn , Li Yongqing , Fan Xiongwei , Yuan Wuzhou
Published: December 2024

Background: General control nonderepressible 5 (Gcn5) is a lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes, with two homologs (Kat2a and Kat2b) identified in humans and one (Gcn5) in Drosophila. Gcn5 contains a P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) domain, a Gcn5-N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) domain, and a Bromodomain, allowing it to regulate gene expression through the acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. In Drosophila, Gcn5 is crucial for embryonic development, with maternal Gcn5 supporting early development. However, the functional mechanisms of Gcn5 after the depletion of maternal deposits remain unclear. Methods: Our study employed the Gal4/UAS-RNAi system to achieve whole-body or heart-specific Gcn5 knockdown in Drosophila and selected 96-hour-old surviving larvae for transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results: Omics results revealed that Gcn5 knockdown significantly impacts various metabolic pathways, as well as lysosomes, non-homologous end-joining, Toll and Imd signaling pathways, and circadian rhythms, among others. Furthermore, defects in chitin synthesis may be associated with impaired pupation. Additionally, heart-specific Gcn5 knockdown affected cardiac physiology but appeared to have a potential protective effect against age-related cardiac decline. Conclusions: These findings deepen our understanding of Gcn5’s roles in Drosophila development and provide valuable insights for developing Gcn5-targeted therapies, particularly considering its involvement in various human diseases.
An Integrated Analysis of the Role of Gut Microbiome-Associated Metabolites in the Detection of MASH-Related Cirrhosis
Authors: Xiong Feixiang , Zhang Xuejie , Jiang Yuyong , Meng Peipei , Zhou Yang , Ji Xiaomin , Chen Jialiang , Wu Tong , Hou Yixin
Published: December 2024

Background and aim: The prevalence and adverse outcomes of metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MAFLD) are increasing. The changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are regarded as an essential part of the progression of MAFLD. This study aimed to identify the gut microbiota and metabolites involved in the development of MAFLD in patients. Method: This study enrolled 90 patients (healthy controls, HC: n = 30; MASH: n = 30; MASH-related cirrhosis, MC: n = 30), and their fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted LC–MS/MS metabolomics analysis. Data preprocessing and statistical analyses were performed using QIIME2 software, Pynast, QIIME2 package, Progenesis QI, and R program. Results: The abundance of Prevotellaceae at the family level and Prevotella at the genus level was lower in the MASH and NC samples than in the HC samples. Both Prevotellaceae and Prevotella showed the strongest correlation with MASH progression via random forest analysis. Untargeted metabolomics was used to quantitatively screen for discrepant metabolites in the stool samples from the three groups. Linolenic acid (LA)-related metabolite levels were significantly lower in MASH and NC samples. Associations between Prevotella- or LA-related metabolites and liver function were discovered. A high abundance of Prevotella was associated with LA-related metabolites and MASH. Conclusion: This study identified that gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with MASH-related metabolic dysfunction. LA and Prevotella are depleted during MASH progression, and additional supplementation with Prevotella may be a potential strategy for the future treatment of MAFLD.
Uncovering the Relationship Between Soil Bacterial Community and Heavy Metals in a Copper Waste Pile
Authors: Ge Liqiang , Yuan Xin , Zhang Longlong , Li Hang , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

In the present study, the relationship between the microbial community and heavy metal content of soil was analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, in order to screen the corresponding heavy metal-resistant bacteria in a copper mine waste dump and adjacent shrubbery. Approximately 22 phyla, 57 classes, 128 orders, 173 families, 263 genera, 433 species, and 954 OUTs obtained from soil sample species annotation indicated the Spearman relevance analysis at the phylum level. Specifically, Gemmatimonadota is positively correlated with arsenic (As); Patescibacteria is positively correlated with arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd); Proteobacteria is positively correlated with chromium (Cr); and Acidobacteriota is positively correlated with cadmium (Cd), respectively. Meanwhile, at the genus level, Acidibacter is positively correlated with arsenic (As); norank_f__LWQ8, norank_f__Gemmataceae, and Bryobacter are positively correlated with cadmium (Cd); Acidiphilium and Conexiactor are positively correlated with Zinc (Zn); norank_f__norank_o__IMCC26256 is positively correlated with nickel (Ni); norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__AD3 is positively correlated with manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni); and Alicyclobacillus and unclassified_f__Acidiferobactereae are positively correlated with chromium (Cr). These bacterial flora are significantly and positively related to the resistance of heavy metals, which provides a promising reference for the development of in situ remediation of heavy metal pollution in mines.
Investigation of Two Novel Heterojunction Photocatalysts with Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Performance
Authors: Zhang Kaifeng , Wang Xudong , Su Yanjing
Published: December 2024

Among the reported photocatalysts, ZnIn2S4 has garnered significant research interest due to its advantageous layered structure and appropriate band gap. However, achieving rational design and effective interfacial regulation in heterojunctions remains challenging. In this study, we designed two novel heterojunctions: SrTiO3@ZnIn2S4 and SrCrO3@ZnIn2S4. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of prepared heterojunctions was systematically investigated under different single-wavelength light sources. Without a cocatalyst, the optimized hydrogen evolution efficiency of SrTiO3@ZnIn2S4 and SrCrO3@ZnIn2S4 reached 3.27 and 4.6 mmol g−1. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the formation of a type-II heterojunction, which improves light absorption capabilities and promotes the separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers. This study provides valuable insights into the strategic construction of heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting.
Therapeutic Efficacy of the Inositol D-Pinitol as a Multi-Faceted Disease Modifier in the 5×FAD Humanized Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Amyloidosis
Authors: Medina-Vera Dina , López-Gambero Antonio J. , Verheul-Campos Julia , Navarro Juan A. , Morelli Laura , Galeano Pablo , Suárez Juan , Sanjuan Carlos , Pacheco-Sánchez Beatriz , Rivera Patricia , Pavon-Morón Francisco J. , Rosell-Valle Cristina , Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez de
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, lacks effective long-term treatments. Current therapies offer temporary relief or fail to halt its progression and are often inaccessible due to cost. AD involves multiple pathological processes, including amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, insulin resistance, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and systemic inflammation accelerated by gut microbiota dysbiosis originating from a leaky gut. Given this context, exploring alternative therapeutic interventions capable of addressing the multifaceted components of AD etiology is essential. Methods: This study suggests D-Pinitol (DPIN) as a potential treatment modifier for AD. DPIN, derived from carob pods, demonstrates insulin-sensitizing, tau hyperphosphorylation inhibition, and antioxidant properties. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether chronic oral administration of DPIN (200 mg/kg/day) could reverse the AD-like disease progression in the 5×FAD mice. Results: Results showed that treatment of 5×FAD mice with DPIN improved cognition, reduced hippocampal Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau levels, increased insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) expression, enhanced pro-cognitive hormone circulation (such as ghrelin and leptin), and normalized the PI3K/Akt insulin pathway. This enhancement may be mediated through the modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). DPIN also protected the gut barrier and microbiota, reducing the pro-inflammatory impact of the leaky gut observed in 5×FAD mice. DPIN reduced bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-associated inflammation, as well as restored intestinal proteins such as Claudin-3. This effect was associated with a modulation of gut microbiota towards a more balanced bacterial composition. Conclusions: These findings underscore DPIN’s promise in mitigating cognitive decline in the early AD stages, positioning it as a potential disease modifier.