bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eye Refraction in Doubly Exchanged Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. , Montoya Yesika S. , Peña Fernando Y. , Burgos Stephany , Katz Ximena
Published: June 2019

This case study examined the hypothesis that longer outdoor time results in normal vision and refractive status, using unique genetically informative kinships. The participants were the members of 29-year-old doubly exchanged monozygotic male twin pairs from Bogotá, Colombia, in South America. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, refraction and keratometry, and visual life history interviews were undertaken; all examinations were conducted by two ophthalmologists blind to the hypothesis, relatedness, and rearing status of the four participants. Normal uncorrected vision and refractive status were present in the two rural-raised, unrelated brothers, relative to their urban-raised counterparts. Uncorrected visual acuities were 20/160 and 20/200 for the city-raised twins and 20/20 and 20/30 for the country-raised twins. Premature birth, low birth weight, computer use, and reading time could not explain these differences. It was concluded that time spent outdoors appears to be a significant factor in the development of myopia, reinforcing extant findings via a novel experimental approach.
Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction
Authors: Sepúlveda Julio , Alegret Laia , Thomas Ellen , Haddad Emily , Cao Changqun , Summons Roger E.
Published: June 2019

The effects of the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction (~66 Ma) on marine primary and export productivity remain debated. We studied changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in eight neritic and upper bathyal sections with expanded K/Pg boundary clay layers in the western Tethys and northeastern Atlantic Ocean, by measuring stable carbon isotopes of bulk carbonate (δ13Ccarb) and organic matter (δ13Corg), nitrogen isotopes in bulk organic matter (δ15N), and selected compound‐specific carbon isotopic records (δ13Clipid). Negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) in δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg,and δ13Clipidare temporally and spatially heterogeneous as well as decoupled from each other, suggesting that factors affecting the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon, as well as isotopic fractionation during carbon fixation across the K/Pg, are more complex than commonly assumed. The negative CIEs in δ13Corgand δ13Clipidat each site are smaller in amplitude and shorter in duration than those in δ13Ccarb, but in most sections both carbon pools recovered to preboundary conditions within the time of deposition of the boundary clay layer (<103–104Kyr) or shortly thereafter. This rapid recovery is supported by limited δ15N data, which mostly suggests moderate or minor changes in redox conditions (except in Denmark), marine productivity, and phytoplanktonic nitrate utilization in the earliest Danian. Our results indicate that carbon cycling and primary productivity in neritic and upper bathyal regions recovered to preboundary levels faster (<104Kyr) than in oceanic regions (105–106years), likely sustained by resilient noncalcifying phytoplankton with resting stages, consistent with modeling and proxy studies.
Global Ionospheric Metal Ion Transport With SAMI3
Authors: Huba J. D. , Krall J. , Drob D.
Published: June 2019

The first global simulation of metal ion dynamics in both the E and F regions is presented. The Naval Research Laboratory ionosphere/plasmasphere model SAMI3 has been upgraded to include the metal ions Mg+ and Fe+ with full ion transport (but not deposition or chemistry). The combination of the neutral wind and global electric field dramatically redistributes the metal ions in the ionosphere. High‐density layering can occur in the low to middle latitude, as well as the polar cap, E regions; this can be a significant factor in the development of sporadic E. Both the wind and electric field are important in the low‐ to middle‐latitude ionosphere, while the electric field is more important than the wind at high latitudes. Additionally, metal ions can be lifted to high altitudes (
600 km) in the low‐ to middle‐latitude ionosphere.
Characteristics of the Discontinuity of Western Boundary Current in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Das Bijan Kumar , Anandh T.S. , Kuttippurath J. , Chakraborty Arun
Published: June 2019

The western boundary current in the Bay of Bengal, also known as East India Coastal Current, is northward (southward) and continuous during pre‐ (post‐) Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) but discontinuous during ISM (June–September). This study investigates the features of this discontinuity and role of eddies, local winds, and southern open boundary lateral forcing using AVISO TOPEX Poseidon, ERS, and Jason1 combined sea surface height anomaly, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR) surface currents and high‐resolution Regional Ocean Modelling System simulations. The study shows that the discontinuity is governed by westward and southwestward propagating eddies between two opposite facing flows along the boundary, northward of 10°N and southward of 21°N. This northward flow of 10°N is wind driven with lateral influence during September. The southward flow of 21°N is influenced by the Summer Monsoon Current, but the local wind influence starts from July onward. During ISM, about 79% cyclonic and 77% anticyclonic eddies move westward, while 68% cyclonic and 69% anticyclonic eddies move southward. Three highly active eddy genesis areas, having more than 50% activities during ISM, are identified: northern and southwestern bay for cyclonic and off Visakhapatnam (17.68°N, 83.21°E) coast for anticyclonic eddies. The pre‐ISM (post‐ISM) is dominated by anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies, which are found across the western Bay of Bengal and away from northward (southward) East India Coastal Current. The ISM is dominated by westward and southwestward moving both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, which are confined to the boundary, where discontinuity is generally observed.
Comparing Surface and Stratospheric Impacts of Geoengineering With Different SO2 Injection Strategies
Authors: Kravitz Ben , MacMartin Douglas G. , Tilmes Simone , Richter Jadwiga H. , Mills Michael J. , Cheng Wei , Dagon Katherine , Glanville Anne S. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Simpson Isla R. , Tribbia Joseph , Vitt Francis
Published: June 2019

Geoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols can, to some extent, be designed to achieve different climate objectives. Here we use the state‐of‐the‐art Community Earth System Model, version 1, with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model as its atmospheric component (CESM1(WACCM)), to compare surface climate and stratospheric effects of two geoengineering strategies. In one, SO2 is injected into the tropical lower stratosphere at the equator to keep global mean temperature nearly constant under an RCP8.5 scenario, as has been commonly simulated in previous studies. In another, the Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS), SO2 is injected into the lower stratosphere at four different locations (30°N/S and 15°N/S) to keep global mean temperature, the interhemispheric temperature gradient, and the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient nearly unchanged. Both simulations are effective at offsetting changes in global mean temperature and the interhemispheric temperature gradient that result from increased greenhouse gases, but only GLENS fully offsets changes in the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient. GLENS results in a more even aerosol distribution, whereas equatorial injection tends to result in an aerosol peak in the tropics. Moreover, GLENS requires less total injection than in the equatorial case due to different spatial distributions of the aerosols. Many other aspects of surface climate changes, including precipitation and sea ice coverage, also show reduced changes in GLENS as compared to equatorial injection. Stratospheric changes, including heating, circulation, and effects on the quasi‐biennial oscillation are greatly reduced in GLENS as compared to equatorial injection.
Regional Climate Response of Middle Eastern, African, and South Asian Monsoon Regions to Explosive Volcanism and ENSO Forcing
Authors: Dogar Muhammad Mubashar , Sato Tomonori
Published: June 2019

It is well observed that the monsoon climate experiences substantial climatic changes following explosive volcanism. Likewise, previous studies show that the monsoon climate regimes, especially, the African and South Asian tropical regions, are adversely affected by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Hence, studying the sensitivity of the monsoon regions to the effect of these forcing factors, that is, explosive volcanism and volcanic‐induced ENSO forcing, is essential for better understanding the driving mechanism and climate variability in these regions. Using observations and a high resolution atmospheric model, effectively at 50‐ and 25‐km grid spacing, this study shows that ENSO and tropical eruptions together weaken the upward branch of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Hadley cell, that is, Intertropical Convergence Zone. This results in a significant decrease of monsoonal precipitation, suggesting severe drought conditions over the NH tropical rain belt regions. The volcanic‐induced direct radiative cooling and associated land‐sea thermal contrast result in significant warming and drying due to the reduction of clouds over the monsoon regions in boreal summer. The posteruption ENSO circulation also results in warming and drying over NH tropical rain belt regions. This study confirms that the monsoon climate regime responds vigorously to posteruption direct radiative and indirect circulation impacts caused by volcanic‐induced ENSO forcing. Hence, quantification of magnitude and spatial pattern of these postvolcanic direct and indirect climatic responses is important for better understanding of climate variability and changes in Asian and African monsoon regions.
Widespread Initiation, Reactivation, and Acceleration of Landslides in the Northern California Coast Ranges due to Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Handwerger Alexander L. , Fielding Eric J. , Huang Mong‐Han , Bennett Georgina L. , Liang Cunren , Schulz William H.
Published: June 2019

Episodically to continuously active slow‐moving landslides are driven by precipitation. Climate change, which is altering both the frequency and magnitude of precipitation worldwide, is therefore predicted to have a major impact on landslides. Here we examine the behavior of hundreds of slow‐moving landslides in northern California in response to large changes in annual precipitation that occurred between 2016 and 2018. We quantify the landslide displacement using repeat‐pass radar interferometry and pixel offset tracking techniques on a novel data set from the airborne NASA/JPL Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar. We found that 312 landslides were moving due to extreme rainfall during 2017, compared to 119 during 2016, which was the final year of a historic multiyear drought. However, with a return to below to average rainfall in 2018, only 146 landslides remained in motion. The increased number of landslides during 2017 was primarily accommodated by landslides that were smaller than the landslides that remained active between 2016 and 2018. Furthermore, by examining a subset of 51 landslides, we found that 49 had increased velocities during 2017 when compared to 2016. Our results show that slow‐moving landslides are sensitive to large changes in annual precipitation, particularly the smaller and thinner landslides that likely experience larger basal pore‐water pressure changes. Based on climate model predictions for the next century in California, which include increases in average annual precipitation and increases in the frequency of dry‐to‐wet extremes, we hypothesize that there will be an overall increase in landslide activity.
Transport Bias by Ocean Currents in Sedimentary Microplankton Assemblages: Implications for Paleoceanographic Reconstructions
Authors: Nooteboom Peter D. , Bijl Peter K. , van Sebille Erik , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: June 2019

Microfossils from plankton are used for paleoceanographic reconstructions. An often‐made assumption in quantitative microplankton‐based paleoceanographic reconstructions is that sedimentary assemblages represent conditions of the directly overlying surface water. However, any immobile particle sinking down the water column is subjected to transport by three‐dimensional currents, which results in a lateral relocation along transport. We model dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) transport in a high‐resolution (0.1° horizontally) global model of the present‐day ocean and compare ocean conditions in the simulated origin of sedimentary particles to that in the directly overlying water. We find that the assumption that sedimentary particles represent the overlying surface waters is in most regions not valid. The bias induced by dinocyst transport depends on ocean current strength and direction, aggregation of particles which could increase the sinking speed, and the sediment sample depth. By using realistic sinking speeds of dinocysts and aggregates, extreme biases up to approximately ±16 °C warmer or ±4 PSU saltier are found, while other regions show lower bias from particle transport. Our model results provide a way to mechanistically and statistically explain the unexpected occurrences of some dinocyst species outside of their “normal” occurrence region, such as the northerly occurrence of the allegedly sea‐ice‐affiliated dinocyst Selenopemphix antarctica. Exclusion of such outlier occurrences will yield better constrained ecological affinites for dinocyst species, which has implications for microfossil‐based quantitative and qualitative proxies for paleoceanographic conditions. We recommend paleoceanographers to a priori evaluate the (paleo)water depth, oceanographic setting, current strength, and particle aggregation probability for their sedimentary microplankton assemblages.
Update on Galactic Cosmic Ray Integral Flux Measurements in Lunar Orbit With CRaTER
Authors: Zeitlin C. , Schwadron N. A. , Spence H. E. , Jordan A. P. , Looper M. D. , Wilson J. , Mazur J. E. , Townsend L. W.
Published: June 2019

We report updated measurements of the integral fluxes of energetic protons, helium ions, and heavier ions as measured by the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER). CRaTER is a particle telescope that has been operating aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter since 2009. In an earlier report, we presented the methodology used to extract linear energy transfer spectra and integral fluxes for particles with sufficient energies to fully penetrate the telescope. Results were presented for the time span from late 2009 to the end of calendar year 2014, a period that encompassed the rise of solar activity from deep solar minimum to the weak maximum of Cycle 24. Here, we update the results with data obtained from that point in time through the end of 2018, in the declining phase of Cycle 24. Fluxes obtained in the most recent data are approaching the peak levels observed in late 2009 and early 2010. The results can be used as input to models of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays and are also relevant to human exploration of deep space.
DC-SIGN–LEF1/TCF1–miR-185 feedback loop promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Yuan Menglang , Zhang Xinsheng , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Keyong , Zhang Yu , Shang Wei , Zhang Yinan , Cui Jingyi , Shi Xiaomeng , Na Heya , Fang Deyu , Zuo Yunfei , Ren Shuangyi
Published: June 2019

DC-SIGN is previously focused on its physiologic and pathophysiologic roles in immune cells. Little is known about whether DC-SIGN is expressed in malignant epithelial cells and how DC-SIGN participates in tumor progression. Here we showed that DC-SIGN expression was increased in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and patient tissues. The overall survival in CRC patients with positive DC-SIGN was remarkably reduced. Gain of DC-SIGN function facilitated the CRC metastases both in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was reversed by miR-185. DC-SIGN and Lyn interacted physically, and Lyn maintained the stability of DC-SIGN in cells. DC-SIGN activation recruited Lyn and p85 to form the DC-SIGN-Lyn-p85 complex, which promoted CRC metastasis by increasing PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling in tyrosine kinase Lyn-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of DC-SIGN promoted the transcription of MMP-9 and VEGF by increasing PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling, and induced TCF1/LEF1-mediated suppression of miR-185. Our findings reveal the presence of the DC-SIGN–TCF1/LEF1–miR-185 loop in cancer cells with metastatic traits, implying that it may represent a new pathogenic mechanism of CRC metastasis. This character of the loop promises to provide new targets for blocking CRC invasive and metastatic activity.
LZ-101, a novel derivative of danofloxacin, induces mitochondrial apoptosis by stabilizing FOXO3a via blocking autophagy flux in NSCLC cells
Authors: Guo Yongjian , Zhao Yue , Zhou Yuxin , Tang Xiaoqing , Li Zhiyu , Wang Xiaotang
Published: June 2019

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) continues to be a vital disease worldwide for its high incidence and consequent mortality rate. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of LZ-101, a new derivative of danofloxacin, against non-small-cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, LZ-101 inhibited the viability of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that LZ-101 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells. Further research illuminated that LZ-101 induced apoptosis was related to the activation of FOXO3a/Bim pathway. Moreover, we found that LZ-101 increased the stability of FOXO3a by blocking autophagy-dependent FOXO3a degradation. However, inhibition of autophagosome formation abolished FOXO3a stabilization and apoptosis induced by LZ-101. In vivo, LZ-101 exerted a remarkable anti-tumor activity with high safety in xenograft model inoculated A549 tumor through the same mechanism as in our in vitro study. In conclusion, our findings indicated that LZ-101 induces mitochondrial apoptosis and stabilizes FOXO3a by blocking autophagy flux.
HLA-VBSeq v2: improved HLA calling accuracy with full-length Japanese class-I panel
Authors: Wang Yen-Yen , Mimori Takahiro , Khor Seik-Soon , Gervais Olivier , Kawai Yosuke , Hitomi Yuki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nagasaki Masao
Published: June 2019

HLA-VBSeq is an HLA calling tool developed to infer the most likely HLA types from high-throughput sequencing data. However, there is still room for improvement in specific genetic groups because of the diversity of HLA alleles in human populations. Here, we present HLA-VBSeq v2, a software application that makes use of a new Japanese HLA reference panel to enhance calling accuracy for Japanese HLA class-I genes. Our analysis showed significant improvements in calling accuracy in all HLA regions, with prediction accuracies achieving over 99.0, 97.8, and 99.8% in HLA-A, B and C, respectively.
Effects of acute exposures to carbon dioxide on decision making and cognition in astronaut-like subjects
Authors: Scully Robert R. , Basner Mathias , Nasrini Jad , Lam Chiu-wing , Hermosillo Emanuel , Gur Ruben C. , Moore Tyler , Alexander David J. , Satish Usha , Ryder Valerie E.
Published: June 2019

Acute exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations below those found on the International Space Station are reported to deteriorate complex decision-making. Effective decision-making is critical to human spaceflight, especially during an emergency response. Therefore, effects of acutely elevated CO2 on decision-making competency and various cognitive domains were assessed in astronaut-like subjects by the Strategic Management Simulation (SMS) and Cognition test batteries. The double-blind cross-over study included 22 participants at the Johnson Space Center randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group was exposed to a different sequence of four concentrations of CO2 (600, 1200, 2500, 5000 ppm). Subjects performed Cognition before entering the chamber, 15 min and 2.5 h after entering the chamber, and 15 min after exiting the chamber. The SMS was administered 30 min after subjects entered the chamber. There were no clear dose–response patterns for performance on either SMS or Cognition. Performance on most SMS measures and aggregate speed, accuracy, and efficiency scores across Cognition tests were lower at 1200 ppm than at baseline (600 ppm); however, at higher CO2 concentrations performance was similar to or exceeded baseline for most measures. These outcomes, which conflict with those of other studies, likely indicate differing characteristics of the various subject populations and differences in the aggregation of unrecognized stressors, in addition to CO2, are responsible for disparate outcomes among studies. Studies with longer exposure durations are needed to verify that cognitive impairment does not develop over time in crew-like subjects.
Stock-specific chemical brood signals are induced by Varroa and Deformed Wing Virus, and elicit hygienic response in the honey bee
Authors: Wagoner K. , Spivak M. , Hefetz A. , Reams T. , Rueppell O.
Published: June 2019

The health of the honey bee Apis mellifera is challenged by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, and the numerous harmful pathogens it vectors. Existing pesticide-based Varroa controls are not sustainable. In contrast, one promising approach for improved honey bee health is the breeding of hygienic bees, capable of detecting and removing brood that is parasitized or diseased. In three experiments we find evidence to support the hypothesis that stock-specific chemical brood signals are induced by Varroa and Deformed Wing Virus, and elicit hygienic response in the honey bee. By collecting, analyzing, and running bioassays involving mite-infested and control brood extracts from three honey bee breeding stocks we: 1) found evidence that a transferrable chemical signal for hygienic behavior is present in Varroa-infested brood extracts, 2) identified ten stock-specific hydrocarbons as candidates of hygienic signaling, and 3) found that two of these hydrocarbons linked to Varroa and DWV were also elevated in brood targeted for hygienic behavior. These findings expand our understanding of honey bee chemical communication, and facilitate the development of improved hygienic selection tools to breed honey bees with greater resistance to Varroa and associated pathogens.
A comprehensive study of the hormetic influence of biosynthesized AgNPs on regenerating rice calli of indica cv. IR64
Authors: Manickavasagam Markandan , Pavan Gadamchetty , Vasudevan Venkatachalam
Published: June 2019

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide; however, it is not amenable to genetic manipulations, owing to its poor response to tissue culture and regeneration in vitro. To improve its response to tissue culture, we evaluated the influence of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on callus induction, regeneration and rhizogenesis in Indica rice cv. IR64. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized by using silver nitrate and Parthenium hysterophorus plant extract, and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (PHAgNPs), when supplemented in tissue culture medium, promoted callus induction frequency, callus regeneration and rhizogenesis at concentrations of 10 mg l −1, 5 mg l−1 and 10 mg l−1, respectively. Further examination of the endogenous hormonal levels in regenerating calli revealed that AgNPs enhanced regeneration by alleviating abscisic acid and ethylene levels in the plant tissue. The stimulatory influence eliciting the regeneration response was found to be optimal with the supplementation of 5 mg l−1 PHAgNPs in the regeneration medium; the malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide levels were also lower than those in the control, thus suggesting improved antioxidant status. Our results indicated that biosynthesized PHAgNPs may have the potential to positively influence tissue culture of recalcitrant varieties.
Human Papillomavirus awareness and vaccine acceptability among men who have sex with men from mainland China
Authors: Li Xiangwei , Cao Xuefang , Li Zhen , Yang Yu , Li Mufei , Feng Boxuan , Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Gao Lei
Published: June 2019

Reductions in persistent HPV infection and related diseases occurrence have been proved among vaccinated males. However, little was known on awareness of HPV and the vaccine in males, especially in high-risk subgroups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), in China. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in MSM from 10 selected cities in mainland China. HPV awareness and vaccination acceptability were investigated through interviews and questionnaires. In total, 3057 eligible participants aged 18 years older from 10 cities were investigated. Only 20.6% (629/3057) of them had ever heard of HPV and 4.8% (146/3057) had heard of HPV vaccine. Factors that potentially influence willingness for HPV vaccination were found to be safety of the vaccine (54.2%, 1656/3057) and severity of HPV infection (52.3%, 1599/3057). After education, 97.8% (2882/2946) of participants would like to pay for HPV vaccination, and only a minority of them (2.5%, 75/2946) would like to afford more than 2000 RMB. Our results showed that the awareness on HPV and the vaccine were quite poor among MSM in mainland China. To promote the application of HPV vaccination in male populations, appropriate information delivery and education on HPV infection and health should be enhanced as well as in females.
Analysis of αB-crystallin polydispersity in solution through native microfluidic electrophoresis
Authors: Wright Maya A. , Ruggeri Francesco Simone , Saar Kadi L. , Challa Pavan K. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: June 2019

Microfluidic high-field electrophoresis and diffusional sizing provide insights into the oligomerisation of the molecular chaperone alphaB-crystallin.
A near-infrared biothiol-specific fluorescent probe for cancer cell recognition
Authors: Liu Li , Lv Rui-Jie , Leung Jong-Kai , Zou Qian , Wang Yue , Li Fei , Liang Wang , Feng Shun , Wu Ming-Yu
Published: June 2019

A novel near-infrared biothiol-specific fluorescent probe can discriminate cancer cells from normal cells showing great promise for cancer diagnosis.
Nitrogen analogues of Chichibabin's and Müller's hydrocarbons with small singlet–triplet energy gaps
Authors: Hu Xiaoguang , Chen Hanjiao , Zhao Lei , Miao Maosheng , Han Jiayue , Wang Jun , Guo Jing , Hu Yuanyuan , Zheng Yonghao
Published: June 2019

Nitrogen analogues of Chichibabin's and Müller's hydrocarbons exhibit small singlet–triplet energy gaps (ΔES–T from −1.05 to −1.27 kcal mol−1).
One-pot synthesis of copper–nickel sulfide nanowires for overall water splitting in alkaline media
Authors: Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian
Published: June 2019

Herein, one dimensional copper–nickel sulfide nanowires (NWs) were, for the first time, synthesized by using an accurate one pot multi-step wet chemistry strategy, which display superior activity for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
Thickness dependent thermal stability of 2D gallenene
Authors: Steenbergen Krista G. , Gaston Nicola
Published: June 2019

Freestanding 2D metallic gallenene exhibits remarkable stability when the thickness is three atomic layers.
K2SrP4O12: a deep-UV transparent cyclophosphate as a nonlinear optical crystal
Authors: Bai Zhiyong , Liu Lehui , Zhang Lizhen , Huang Yisheng , Yuan Feifei , Lin Zhoubin
Published: June 2019

First cyclotetraphosphate as a nonlinear optical crystal with moderate second-generation harmonic response and short absorption edge.
A sensitive photoelectrochemical methyltransferase activity assay based on a novel “Z-scheme” CdSe QD/afGQD heterojunction and multiple signal amplification strategies
Authors: Meng Leixia , Xiao Ke , Li Yanmei , Zhang Xiaohua , Du Cuicui , Chen Jinhua
Published: June 2019

Based on a “Z-scheme” CdSe QD/afGQD heterojunction and multiple signal amplification strategies, a sensitive photoelectrochemical methyltransferase activity assay was carried out.
Stomatocyte-like hollow polydopamine nanoparticles for rapid removal of water-soluble dyes from water
Authors: Lin Jiayou , Wang Haibo , Ren Erhui , Song Qingshuang , Lan Jianwu , Chen Sheng , Yan Bin
Published: June 2019

Stomatocyte-like hollow polydopamine nanoparticles can rapidly sequester MB from water in 20 s with a high adsorption capacity of 2896 mg g−1.
Modification of Bi6Fe1.9Co0.1Ti3O18/SiO2/NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocomposites with different SiO2 thicknesses for tunable upconversion luminescent and ferromagnetic properties
Authors: Ge Wen , Liu Kong , Deng Shukang , Shen Lanxian , Yang Peizhi , Liu Min , Lu Yalin
Published: June 2019

Modification of Bi6Fe1.9Co0.1Ti3O18/SiO2/NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocomposites with different SiO2 thickness for tunable upconversion emission and ferromagnetic properties.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics as a tool to compute temperature at the catalyst surface
Authors: Cruz Carolina , Barragán Daniel , Magnanelli Elisa , Lervik Anders , Kjelstrup Signe
Published: June 2019

The NET theory predicts the coupling between reaction rates and thermal driving forces and gives new insights into why Arrhenius plots may turn out to be non-linear.
Unraveling the protonation site of oxazole and solvation with hydrophobic ligands by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy
Authors: Chatterjee Kuntal , Dopfer Otto
Published: June 2019

Infrared spectroscopy reveals exclusive N-protonation of the oxazole ring and bifurcated or linear hydrogen bonding with hydrophobic N2and Ar ligands.
New keys for old locks: carborane-containing drugs as platforms for mechanism-based therapies
Authors: Stockmann Philipp , Gozzi Marta , Kuhnert Robert , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: June 2019

Carborane derivatives as a new class of drugs (“new keys”) for important receptors (“old locks”) as targets for efficient therapeutic treatments.
Correction: Mini-review on an engineering approach towards the selection of transition metal complex-based catalysts for photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Huo Jingpei , Zhang Yu-Bang , Zou Wan-Ying , Hu Xiaohong , Deng Qianjun , Chen Dongchu
Published: June 2019

Correction for ‘Mini-review on an engineering approach towards the selection of transition metal complex-based catalysts for photocatalytic H2 production’ by Jingpei Huo et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2019, 9, 2716–2727.
Tetrahedral nickel(ii) and cobalt(ii) bis-o-iminobenzosemiquinonates
Authors: Ershova Irina V. , Smolyaninov Ivan V. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Fedin Matvey V. , Starikov Andrey G. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Piskunov Alexandr V.
Published: June 2019

The first examples of tetrahedral nickel(ii) and cobalt(ii) bis-o-iminobenzosemiquinonates.
Synthesis and characterization of 2-t-butylimino-functionalized indolyl rare-earth metal amido complexes for the catalytic addition of terminal alkynes to carbodiimides: the dimeric complexes with the alkynide species in the μ–η1:η2 bonding modes
Authors: Feng Zhijun , Huang Zeming , Wang Shaowu , Wei Yun , Zhou Shuangliu , Zhu Xiancui
Published: June 2019

Dimeric complexes [(μ–η1:η2-RCC)REL2]2 (L = 2-(tBuNCH)C8H5N), with alkynyl in the μ–η1:η2 modes, were isolated in the study of the catalytic reaction.
4-Pyridylisocyanide gold(i) and gold(i)-plus-silver(i) luminescent and mechanochromic materials: the silver role
Authors: Conejo-Rodríguez Verónica , Peñas-Defrutos Marconi N. , Espinet Pablo
Published: June 2019

X-Ray and DFT studies support that the red-shift of luminescence from [AuAr(CNPy-4)] (Ar = C6F5, C6F3Cl2-3,5) to [Ag[AuAr(CNPy-4)]2](BF4) is not due to non-existent Au⋯Ag interactions but to adoption of structures with shorter Au⋯Au distances.
Rationally designed curcumin based ruthenium(ii) antimicrobials effective against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Srivastava Payal , Shukla Manjulika , Kaul Grace , Chopra Sidharth , Patra Ashis K.
Published: June 2019

Two curcumin conjugated ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(NN)2(cur)](PF6) (1, 2), were systematically exploited for their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo and potential selectivity against multidrug resistant S. aureus strains.
Observation of charge bistability in quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged palladium complexes by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshida Takefumi , Takaishi Shinya , Kumagai Shohei , Iguchi Hiroaki , Mian Mohammad Rasel , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: June 2019

XAFS measurements were performed on three representative bromo-bridged palladium chain compounds to detect their oxidation states.
Water exchange in lanthanide complexes for MRI applications. Lessons learned over the last 25 years
Authors: Caravan Peter , Esteban-Gómez David , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Aurora , Platas-Iglesias Carlos
Published: June 2019

Coordination chemistry offers convenient strategies to modulate the exchange of coordinated water molecules in lanthanide-based contrast agents.
NHC-stabilized silyl-substituted silyliumylidene ions
Authors: Frisch Philipp , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: June 2019

Expanding the scope of N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized silyliumylidene ions: isolation of the first silyl-substituted Si(ii) cations.
Highly phosphorescent organopalladium(ii) complexes with metal–metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states in fluid solutions
Authors: Lin Jinqiang , Zou Chao , Zhang Xiaobao , Gao Qin , Suo Sa , Zhuo Qihang , Chang Xiaoyong , Xie Mo , Lu Wei
Published: June 2019

Making Pd(ii) brightly shining: mononuclear analogues are non-emissive, but folded dinuclear palladium(ii) diacetylide complexes phosphoresce from MMLCT excited states with quantum yields up to 48%.
Using multiple micro-analytical techniques for evaluating quantitative synchrotron-XRF elemental mapping of hydrothermal pyrite
Authors: del Real I. , Smieska L. , Thompson J. F. H. , Martinez C. , Thomas J. , Layton-Matthews D.
Published: June 2019

We report results of an analytical technique comparison study between synchrotron-XRF, EPMA and LA-ICPMS using samples of naturally occurring hydrothermal pyrite.
Muscle-on-a-chip with an on-site multiplexed biosensing system for in situ monitoring of secreted IL-6 and TNF-α
Authors: Ortega María A. , Fernández-Garibay Xiomara , Castaño Albert G. , De Chiara Francesco , Hernández-Albors Alejandro , Balaguer-Trias Jordina , Ramón-Azcón Javier
Published: June 2019

We present an integrated microdevice capable of simultaneous, in situ cell stimulation and analyte detection. As a proof of concept, the detection of secreted cytokines from an engineered 3D skeletal muscle tissue was measured.
Behavior of α, β tubulin in DMSO-containing electrolytes
Authors: Kalra Aarat P. , Kar Piyush , Preto Jordane , Rezania Vahid , Dogariu Aristide , Lewis John D. , Tuszynski Jack A. , Shankar Karthik
Published: June 2019

DLS and RISM are used to show that DMSO induces oligomerization in α, β tubulin dimers. DLS is thus proposed as a reliable and fast technique for the analysis of early stage microtubule kinetics.
Interactions of rutin with the oxidovanadium(iv) cation. Anticancer improvement effects of glycosylated flavonoids
Authors: Goitia Helen , Quispe Patricia , Naso Luciana G. , Martínez Valeria R. , Rey Marilin , Rizzi Alberto C. , Ferrer Evelina G. , Williams Patricia A. M.
Published: June 2019

This work reports the biological evaluation of the new complex Na2[VO(rut)(OH)2]·5H2O (rut = rutin, a glycosylated flavonoid).
Preparation of a large-sized highly flexible carbon nanohoop
Authors: Nakagawa Yuta , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Kawakami Jun , Ito Shunji
Published: June 2019

A highly flexible carbon nanohoop composed of HBC panels was prepared by connection together with biphenylene spacers.
Gold(i)-promoted α-selective sialylation of glycosylortho-hexynylbenzoates for the latent-active synthesis of oligosialic acids
Authors: Wang Jiazhe , Lou Qixin , Rong Jingjing , Yang You
Published: June 2019

A gold(i)-promoted α-selective glycosylation approach with sialylortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors is developed for the latent-active synthesis of α-(2 → 9)-linked oligosialic acids.
NIS-mediated oxidative arene C(sp2)–H amidation toward 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone, phenanthridone, and N-fused spirolactam derivatives
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hao Yanan , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: June 2019

A new radical-mediated intramolecular arene C(sp2)–H amidation of 3-phenylpropanamides or [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxamides was developed to prepare a series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone and phenanthridone derivatives in moderate to excellent yields (33–94%).
Oxygen vacancies confined in Co3O4 quantum dots for promoting oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Tong Yun , Mao Hainiao , Xu Yanglei , Liu Jiyang
Published: June 2019

Abundant oxygen vacancies confined in Co3O4 quantum dots provide more efficient Co(ii), more active sites and improved conductivity for superior OER performance.
Groove-assisted solution growth of lead bromide perovskite aligned nanowires: a simple method towards photoluminescent materials with guiding light properties
Authors: Rodriguez Isabelle , Fenollosa Roberto , Ramiro-Manzano Fernando , García-Aboal Rocío , Atienzar Pedro , Meseguer Francisco J.
Published: June 2019

CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 nanowires were achieved taking advantage of the corrugated surface of recordable DVD and CD plates.
Facile in situ growth of ZnO nanosheets standing on Ni foam as binder-free anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Xia Tianlai , Wang Yingqian , Mai Chengkang , Pan Guangxing , Zhang Ling , Zhao Weiwei , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: June 2019

ZnO nanosheets@Ni foam anode showed a high specific capacity, good capacity retention and superior rate capacity. Moreover, other transition metal oxides were also similarly formed on Ni foam, confirming the universality and efficiency of the synthetic route.
Temperature-triggered reversible breakdown of polymer-stabilized olive–silicone oil Janus emulsions
Authors: Raju Rajarshi Roy , Liebig Ferenc , Hess Andreas , Schlaad Helmut , Koetz Joachim
Published: June 2019

A one-step moderate energy vibrational emulsification method was successfully employed to produce thermo-responsive olive/silicone-based Janus emulsions stabilized by poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) carrying 0.7 mol% oleoyl side chains.
State diagram for wall adhesion of red blood cells in shear flow: from crawling to flipping
Authors: Dasanna Anil K. , Fedosov Dmitry A. , Gompper Gerhard , Schwarz Ulrich S.
Published: June 2019

Using multiparticle collision dynamics with angular momentum conservation, we investigated the role of shear rate, stiffness and viscosity contrast for the adhesion of biconcave deformable cells or capsules in shear flow.
Polyoxometalate-antioxidant peptide assembly materials with NIR-triggered photothermal behaviour and enhanced antibacterial activity
Authors: Zhang Simin , Peng Bo , Xue Peiyu , Kong Xueping , Tang Yue , Wu Lixin , Lin Songyi
Published: June 2019

A novel photothermal material based on a polyoxometalate-antioxidant peptide assembly with enhanced photothermal stability and enhanced antibacterial activity was exploited.
Application of nintedanib and other potential anti-fibrotic agents in fibrotic diseases
Authors: Liu Feng , Bayliss George , Zhuang Shougang
Published: June 2019

Nintedanib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPK), inhibits both tyrosine kinase receptors and non-receptor kinases, and block activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and Src family kinases. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the potent anti-fibrotic effect of nintedanib in IPK in human and animal models. Recent preclinical studies have also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of nintedanib on the development and progression of tissue fibrosis in other organs, including liver, kidney, and skin. The anti-fibrotic actions of nintedanib occur through a number of mechanisms, including blocking differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms and efficacy of nintedanib in the treatment of fibrotic diseases in animal models and clinical trials, provide an update on recent advances in the development of other novel antifibrotic agents in preclinical and clinical study, and offer our perspective about the possible clinical application of these agents in fibrotic diseases.
On‐line extreme learning algorithm based identification and non‐linear model predictive controller for way‐point tracking application of an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Rath Biranchi Narayan , Subudhi Bidyadhar
Published: June 2019

In most of the surveillance applications of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), very often it is intended to follow the desired horizontal way‐points, where some oceanography data need to be collected. In view of this, the motion planning algorithm using way‐points is investigated in this study. The proposed work involves identification of dynamics of AUV and design of adaptive model predictive controllers which includes linear adaptive model predictive controller (LAMPC) and non‐linear adaptive model predictive controller (NAMPC). Owing to the fast convergence rate and robustness property, on‐line sequential extreme learning machine (OS‐ELM) is employed for estimating the dynamics of AUV. To improve the OS‐ELM modelling performance, Jaya optimisation algorithm is applied to optimise the hidden layer parameters. The desired surveillance region is formulated in terms of way‐points using heading angle obtained from desired line‐of‐sight path. Simulations are performed using MATLAB by applying proposed NAMPC, LAMPC and a previously reported optimal controller, namely inverse optimal self‐tuning PID (IOSPID) controller. Subsequently, real‐time experimentation is performed using a prototype AUV in a swimming pool. From the simulation and experimental results, it is observed that the proposed controller exhibit efficient tracking performance in face of actuator constraints as compared to LAMPC and IOSPID controller.
Learning decomposed subspaces for supervised bidirectional image generation
Authors: Lu Peng , Lin Hangyu , Fu Yanwei , Huang Gao , Wu Libo
Published: June 2019

This study addresses the task of supervised cross‐domain image generation, which aims to translate an image from the source domain to the target domain, guided by a reference image from the latter. The key difference between the authors setting and the recently proposed domain guided photogeneration is that their image generation is bidirectional, i.e. images are generated in both domains. Thus, they call it bidirectional cross‐domain image generation. This novel task poses new challenges as it requires the model learning to decouple personalised and shared semantics of the two domains. For this purpose, they propose a framework to learn a feature space, which breaks into three parts, namely, two personalised semantic subspaces, which encode patterns that are unique for each domain, and a shared semantic subspace that captures the common patterns. The three subspaces are automatically decoupled through end‐to‐end training. Extensive experiments on the modified shoe and handbag datasets show that their framework can generate high‐quality images in both domains.
Magnetic resonance imaging of oxygen microbubbles
Authors: Thompson Elinor , Smart Sean , Kinchesh Paul , Bulte Daniel , Stride Eleanor
Published: June 2019

Oxygen loaded microbubbles are being investigated as a means of reducing tumour hypoxia in order to improve response to cancer therapy. To optimise this approach, it is desirable to be able to measure changes in tissue oxygenation in real‐time during treatment. In this study, the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for this purpose was investigated. Longitudinal relaxation time (T1) measurements were made in simple hydrogel phantoms containing two different concentrations of oxygen microbubbles. T1 was found to be unaffected by the presence of oxygen microbubbles at either concentration. Upon application of ultrasound to destroy the microbubbles, however, a statistically significant reduction in T1 was seen for the higher microbubble concentration. Further work is needed to assess the influence of physiological conditions upon the measurements, but these preliminary results suggest that MRI could provide a method for quantifying the changes in tissue oxygenation produced by microbubbles during therapy.
HVDC shunt tap based on three single‐phase half‐bridge series‐connected MMCs operated under 2L modulation
Authors: Elserougi Ahmed , Massoud Ahmed , Ahmed Shehab
Published: June 2019

In this study, a cost‐effective HVDC shunt tap with low‐number of relatively low‐voltage semiconductor devices and small‐sized passive components is proposed. The proposed architecture is based on employing three single‐phase half‐bridge Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), where the DC sides of MMCs are connected in series across the total DC‐link voltage. The MMCs are adopted instead of conventional Two‐Level Voltage Source Converters (2L‐VSCs) to avoid the complications of series connection of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). The involved MMCs in the suggested architecture are operated with the conventional 2L modulation, which results in insignificant arm inductors and Sub‐Modules (SMs) capacitances (in range of µH and µF, respectively). This, in turn, affects positively the converter cost and footprint. Each arm of the involved MMCs can be considered as a high‐voltage valve of a 2L‐VSC. To maintain the balance of SMs capacitors, each arm of the involved (N + 1)‐level MMC has an extra SM (a balancing SM) to select N out of N + 1 SMs during the turn‐off condition. The operational concept, design, and assessment of the proposed architecture are presented in this study. Simulation results are provided for substantiation of the proposed concept. Finally, a scaled down single‐phase prototype is used for experimental validation.
High step‐up cascaded DC–DC converter integrating coupled inductor and passive snubber
Authors: Pan Quanyou , Liu Hongchen , Wheeler Pat , Wu Fengjiang
Published: June 2019

A new high step‐up cascaded DC–DC converter is proposed in this study, which is composed of one cascaded boost converter, one diode–capacitor structure and a coupled inductor with extended voltage‐doubling cell. The proposed converter can achieve high‐voltage gain by adjusting the duty cycle and the turns ratio of the coupled inductor, which avoids the circuit operating at the extreme duty cycle. Moreover, a passive clamped circuit is utilised to decrease the voltage stresses on the power devices and absorb the energy of leakage inductance of the coupled inductor to increase voltage gain. Thus, it reduces the conduction losses and alleviates the reverse‐recovery problem of diodes. In conclusion, the proposed converter can achieve high‐voltage gain and improve efficiency. The operating principle and steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter is illustrated in detail in this study. Finally, experimental results of a prototype circuit with input voltage 40 V, output voltage 300 V and output power 200 W are presented to verify the analysis results of the proposed converter.