bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joseph Glanvill, Anglican Apologist: Old Ideas and New Style in the Restoration
Authors: Cope Jackson I.
Published: January 2021

That interesting Devonshire worthy, Joseph Glanvill, has received a large share of attention in recent years because his interests so clearly reflect what he himself first termed his “climate of opinion.” He has been variously considered as a rational latitudinarian, a Cartesian, a spokesman for the “new science” in its Baconian aspect, a religious sceptic, and a revealing case of conformity to the Royal Society's demands for a “plain” style in prose. My aim is to point out that all of Glanvill's ostensibly diverse interests and attitudes fall into focus, and form a unified and consistent pattern, if we see him in the role of a religious and, at times, theological apologist for the Anglican settlement. The facility with which this popularizing writer turns the errors, facts, and philosophies of his age to the service of his particular ideology should remind us once again that ideas set in the continuity of their traditions are one thing; viewed as active participants in the life of a given generation of men they become quite another.
Catiline and the Nature of Jonson's Tragic Fable
Authors: Bryant Joseph Allen
Published: January 2021

Although the principal subject of this paper is Ben Jonson's second tragedy, Catiline His Conspiracy (1611), a good deal of what I have to say is equally applicable to his earlier and somewhat more ambitious Sejanus His Fall (1603). The two plays are alike in many ways. For one thing, neither of them has ever been popular. Even among professed admirers, very few have been willing to praise them as highly as Jonson thought they deserved to be praised, and fewer still have seen any genuine tragedy in them. In fact, most criticism, favorable as well as unfavorable, has centered on such interesting but essentially peripheral matters as Jonson's use of the Senecan ghost and chorus (in Catiline), his portrayal of character, his reconstruction of the Roman scene, and, of course, his rhetoric. Discussions of Jonson's plots have scarcely gone beyond the problem of identifying his sources, and almost no one has touched upon the question of whether any real importance attaches to the use he made of those sources. This would not be particularly surprising, perhaps, if we were dealing with some competent journeyman, like Thomas Heywood for example, whose selection and use of sources is a matter of mainly academic interest; but in Jonson we have a playwright who not only aimed at something more than a popularly successful play but also set unusually great store by authenticity of fable—or “truth of argument,” as he called it—where tragedy was concerned (Works, IV, 350). His manipulation of material, therefore, especially at points where the disagreement of authoritative sources about a major issue forced him to make a choice, becomes a matter of considerable interest. It is certainly of interest to the historian, for it shows the sort of interpretation of history an intelligent and well-informed classical student of the seventeenth century might reasonably hold. My point, however, is that it is also a matter of literary interest. It can be shown, I think, that Jonson's ordering of his fable, rightly understood, gives the clue to why and how he expected these plays to be judged as tragedies rather than merely as serious history plays. In other words, it lets one see the conception of tragic drama that he worked by.
Hamlet, Don Quijote, La vida es Sueño: The Quest for Values
Authors: Crocker Lester G.
Published: January 2021

Why, of the many significant writings of the seventeenth century, do Hamlet, Don Quijote, and La vida es sueño belong together in a comparative study? Certainly not merely because they are the most famous works of Shakespeare, Cervantes, and Calderón, three of the century's most famous men. Beyond doubt, the differences separating them are sharp and obvious: form and technique, style and concept, guiding esthetic impulses of authors who were disparate in their temperament and their lives. But if we fix our attention on the ideological problems embodied in the careers of the three heroes, Hamlet, Don Quijote, and Segismundo, we immediately discern strong bonds of relationship, to the point where not only similarities but even contrasts take on significance, reflecting light from one work upon the other, and finally upon the intellectual outlook and preoccupations of the time.
Renaissance Names in Masquerade
Authors: Williams Franklin B.
Published: January 2021

A rose by any other name—preferably rosa eglanteria—smelled not merely as sweet, but sweeter, in the cultured nostril of the Renaissance. Throughout Europe personal names customarily appeared in print in forms far removed from the simple vernacular bestowed at baptism. In examining twenty-odd thousand volumes while indexing dedications and other preliminaries in British books printed before 1641, the writer has encountered hundreds of instances. A survey of this material, organized to illustrate the various types of masquerade that writers assumed, may assist other students of Renaissance literature. The droller examples may even amuse. My final section, after noting various types of mystifications and puzzles, will leave the reader with a group of unsolved signatures on which he is invited to exercise his ingenuity. The examples throughout the article are drawn from books printed in the British Isles before 1675, except for a few from British authors published on the Continent. No excursion has been made into the rich field of Latin legal documents, though I must acknowledge aid from such standard keys to that material as Charles T. Martin's Record Interpreter.
Eye, Mind, and Hand in Michelangelo's Poetry
Authors: Clements Robert J.
Published: January 2021

Although Michelangelo was so self-conscious about his poems as to dismiss them as “silly things” and “heavy pastries,” the neo-Platonic pieces provide us with avenues to his most intimate thoughts on art. In his canzoniere one learns that two little-known guideposts alongside his theoretical approach to painting and sculpture are the special interrelations existing between the eye and the hand and between the intellect and the hand. It is with these relationships which he recognized between, first, vision and manual execution and between, second, poetic conceptualizing and manual execution, that these pages will be concerned.
Address of Welcome
Authors: Doyle Henry Grattan
Published: January 2021

Herzlich Willkommen! Soyez les bienvenus! Siate ben venuti, tutti! Boas vindas! Dobro pozhalovat'! Céad mile fáilte! jEstán ustedes en su casa! [Felices Pascuas y Próspera Año Nuevo! (No, that's for Christmas cards.) You see, I can espeak the English too! Also! So I shall add, translating one of these greetings, “A hundred thousand welcomes!” Welcome to the city described by Esquire as “Everybody's Other Home Town,” and by our local Board of Trade as “Beautiful, Exciting Washington!”
The Report of the Treasurer
Authors: Hubbell Allan F.
Published: January 2021

The year ending 30 September was a very active one for the Association. This activity is reflected in the fact that both receipts and disbursements ended by exceeding even the figures of the revised budget which we worked out in the Spring. Among receipts, a few items deserve particular comment. Almost $53,000 was remitted to the Association in dues, an increase of more than $3,400 over the preceding year. Library subscriptions increased moderately; sales of PMLA and the Style Sheet brought us about $1,000 more than they did last year. The Style Sheet I would again like to single out especially: we sold over 12,000 copies, realizing more than $3,100; the cost of printing and distributing it came to slightly more than $1,100. Our net profit, in other words, amounted to more than $2,000. Last night at the Council meeting someone referred to the Style Sheet as Bill Parker's permanent legacy to the M LA—and when one considers that this sum is almost half of what we received from our investments, one appreciates how true this characterization was.
Report of the Delegate to the American Council of Learned Societies
Authors: Parker William R.
Published: January 2021

Your very kind applause encourages me to say that it is a pleasure to find myself with but this single responsibility at an MLA meeting. I shall repay you in part with a very brief report.
Report of the Executive Secretary (General Session, 27 December 1971)
Authors: Schaefer William David
Published: January 2021

IDO NOT HAVE final figures at this time, but based on preregistrations, it appears that this Convention will be the most intimate MLA meeting since 1962. Undoubtedly, a number of members have been prevented from attending because of the interesting financial situation with which we are all familiar ; whatever the reasons for the relatively small attendance—and other factors could no doubt be considered—there is no indication of a similar decline in MLA membership. On the contrary, we have already added nearly 3,000 new members for 1972, and dues for continuing members are coming in at an unprecedented rate. It appears that next year we will again exceed 30,000 members, which makes one suspect that with all of our wrongs, real or imagined, the MLA must be doing something right.
Report of the Trustees and of the Treasurer (28 December 1971)
Authors: Mildenberger Kenneth W.
Published: January 2021

THE MANAGING TRUSTEE, Mr. Gordon N. Ray, has asked me to present to you the Report of the Trustees on the status of the MLA endowment funds at the end of the 1970–71 fiscal year. At the close of that period (31 August 1971) the market value of our securities stood at $249,000, compared with $202,000 the year before. The Trustees have approved the actions of the United States Trust Company in the management of the funds.1
Index of Authors
Authors: Mitchell Stephen O.
Published: January 2021

Every author, editor, or compiler who has produced or contributed to an item included in the 1964 bibliography is listed in the index that follows. Each name listed is succeeded by the number of every item in which that name appears. Anonymous items have been excluded.
Report on the Organization and Plans of the Humanities Endowment of the National Foundation for the Arts and Humanities
Authors: Lumiansky Robert M.
Published: January 2021

This year brought forth an event of great potential significance for members of the Modern Language Association, for members of similar organizations in other humanistic disciplines, and possibly for the nation as a whole. On September 29 in the Rose Garden at the White House, President Johnson signed into law an Act creating an agency to be known as the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities. This agency is to provide Federal funds “to complement, assist, and add to” the money provided “by local, State, regional, and private agencies” in support of the Arts and the Humanities.
International and foreign experience of control over the activity of courts (judges)
Authors: Shcherbanyuk Oksana , Ilchyshyn Nadiya , Stepanova Tetiana , Posashkov Alexander
Published: January 2021

This article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars, summarizes the foreign experience of control over the activity of courts (judges). After summarizing the experience of Germany, it is stated that the legal mechanism of control over judges in this country is characterized not only by the differentiation of the distribution of supervisory powers at the federal and regional levels, but also by the active involvement of executive and legislative bodies. It is established that the existing foreign experience of control and supervision over thework of judges is quite diverse and can be used by domestic legislators when introducing amendments and additions to current legislation. The most positive experience that can be used in Ukraine to improve the control over the activity of judges includes: 1) The need to improve the procedure for selecting judges; 2) extension of the statute of limitations for committing an offense as a ground for disciplinary liability, in order to reduce the risk of judges avoiding its occurrence; 3) introduction of new forms and methods of control in the relevant field; 4) improvement of organizational and legal bases of public involvement in the implementation of control and supervision measures in the area under study.
Socio-Economic Aspects of the Development of Agricultural Enterprises in Irkutsk Region
Authors: Vinokurov Sergey
Published: January 2021

Living standards and the level of socio-economic development are inextricably linked to the economic efficiency of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of the material goods. The productivity and salary level of agro-industrial enterprises have a decisive influence on the level of agricultural enterprises development and financial capabilities. The article analyzed the impact of the main factors on the workers wages in Irkutsk region agricultural enterprises. The study focused on the analysis of wage dynamics and its impact on productivity in agricultural enterprises. The study concluded that there is a need to develop, strengthen and improve production by creating conditions for the development of industrial and agricultural production, which will lead to the creation of additional jobs and increase the gross domestic product production to provide the population with high quality food products.
Concept of Development to Regulate Relations in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Robotics: Analysis of the Main Provisions
Authors: Begishev Ildar
Published: January 2021

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2129-R of August 19, 2020 approved the Concept to regulate relations in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024. This document currently represents a set of legal perspectives in this area and it also defines the framework for creating a multidimensional legal platform in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. The concept offers different ways to regulate artificial intelligence and robotics systems, in particular, it considers issues related to liability insurance for damage caused by artificial intelligence systems or robots, data exchange and personal data protection systems, problems of exporting artificial intelligence systems and robots, and so on. Analysis of the main provisions of the Concept allowed us to conclude that, given the variety of directions taken into account the document, we can say that, overall, the document is quite logical in the framework of the issue under consideration and with some refinement and additions of individual sections it may take its rightful place among similar foreign analogues.
Current Problems in Determining Objective Features of the Offence Under Article 238.1 of the Penal Code of Russia Federation
Authors: Vinokurov Maksim
Published: January 2021

In the ongoing process of commercialization of products, the state is unable to ensure effective control over the process of manufacturing medical products. High-quality and safe medical products are the most important component of effective medical care, and access to such products is one of the main objectives in the development of production and state, designated in the UN. The study analyzed the disposition of Article 238.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this research work, objective features of the crime were defined and their forms were examined; the interconnection of forms of the objective side of the crime was systematically analyzed; the normative legal regulation and practice of application of such notions as "production", "sale", "import", "falsified medicines", "substandard medicines", "medical products", etc. were also analyzed. We studied different approaches of legal scholars to these definitions. We concluded that some of those definitions were ambiguously interpreted. The study identified the actual problems of the mechanism of law enforcement of the investigated article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and put forward a set of measures to address them.
The risk-based approach to water management, and major challenges in the mining industry - ESG and the economics and ethics
Authors: Barry S.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS The risk-based approach is the only approach that views the full spectrum of risk, following transparent international guidelines (ISO 31000) which can add value. It is also the only truly holistic approach that includes all stakeholders. Mining is now under the spotlight as never before owing to open-pit and tailings failures, and also general activist perceptions that can affect investment and operations. It must be seen to reduce the range of risks and the effects that are the consequences of its operations. The key lies in the integrated solution that includes risk management, new and resilient technology, effective procedures, the provision of real-time ground truth, and the ability to act fast. This is now possible due to advances in the IoT and automation. The display of actionable ground truth-based data that can trigger a tested and speedy response is not a luxury, but a necessity. There is now the ability to automate that response, reducing risk even further. A leading authority has recommended that the most effective approach is risk-informed safe design. The issuing of the Global Tailings Standard in August 2020 will also exert pressure for this matter to be addressed more effectively than hitherto. The risk-based approach is cost-effective and can deliver added value, not only for more effective operational management, but also with regard to oversight for ethical investment following IFC Guidelines and the Equator Principles, as well as any other compliance requirements. This paper describes the methodology to be followed and the possible solutions that could result. The technical communications element was developed in conjunction with providers. It also covers the economic and ethical benefits of following this course of action, and implicitly the costs of not doing so. Keywords: water management, tailings, open pit, risk-based approach, best practce.
Modelling and optimization of zinc recovery from Enyigba sphalerite in a binary solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Nnanwube I.A. , Onukwuli O.D.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS This work focused on the prediction of optimal conditions for zinc recovery from sphalerite in a binary solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The sphalerite sample was characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) developed in Design Expert software and the genetic algorithm (GA) tool in matlab, were deployed for the optimization exercise. The leaching temperature, acid concentration, stirring rate, leaching time, and hydrogen peroxide concentration were defined as input variables, while zinc yield was the response. An ideal zinc yield of 90.89% could be obtained with a leaching temperature of 84.17°C, HCl concentration of 3.14 M, stirring rate of 453.08 r/min, leaching time of 107.55 minutes, and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3.93 M using RSM; while a yield of 87.73% was obtained using GA. Analysis of the post-leaching residue revealed the presence of sulphur, zircon, fluorite, gahnite, anatase, and sylvite. Keywords: sphalerite leaching, genetic algorithm, optimization, response surface methodology.
Creating a Hero . . . Laughing at Clowns? Representations of Sports and Fitness in Soviet Fiction Films after the Olympic U-Turn in Politics
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Adelfinsky Andrey
Published: January 2021

In the 1940s–1960s, the USSR made an ideological turn from leftist sports politics to the struggle for Olympic achievements. How has this U-turn affected the social order in Soviet sport and its artistic repre-sentation? The article offers a systematic review of Soviet sport fiction films. The study of sport and fit-ness imagination is conducted through a correlation between artistic performance and social context. Fo-cusing on the 1950s–1980s, we found three different types of representation: № 1 is the creating of a hero (for an elite athlete). This is the lion’s share of all sport movies where the “Myth of a Hero” in Olympic sport was constructed. In praising elite sport, modern Russian movies continue the well-known Soviet tradition; № 2 is the laughing at clowns (for mass sportsmen). These are mostly episodes in feature films on themes, where mass sport (i.e., non-elite, grassroots, recreational, fitness, and ordinary) is mentioned. Surprisingly, this sport is presented in a comic sense (except hiking and mountaineering); №3 is sport reality. This type comprises the tiniest selection of movies where art reflects the real situation inside the Soviet sport industry. Elite athletes are presented here as antiheroes with social adaptation problems; ad-ditionally, such issues as shamateurism are severely criticized. The conclusions are following: since the 1970s, sport films ceased to function as propaganda of fitness and recreational sport. On the contrary, elite sport (as an art branch), its representations in official arts and media jointly constructed the great “evan-gelical myth” about itself, which became the part of public consciousness. However, this myth had little to do with a new reality. Elite sport’s positive representation acted only as a propagandist tool that created a fictional social world. The existing social order’s irrationality was critically reflected only by the comedy genre.
Telecolaboración y desarrollo efectivo de competencias de comunicación intercultural en el aula de español para fines económicos y comerciales / Telecollaboration and effective intercultural competence development in Business Spanish Foreign Language
Authors: Gómez García Luis Vicente , Morales-Robles Elva , Morgado Margarida
Published: January 2021

This paper describes a didactic experience aimed at developing one the most requested competences in work environments, namely intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in Business Spanish Foreign Language (BSFL), which was developed through student collaboration (telecollaboration) in  two European Higher Education Area (EHEA) institutions.
 In the framework of the Erasmus + project ICCAGE: Intercultural Communicative Competences: An Advantage for Global Employability (http://iccageproject.wixsite.com/presentation), a didactic unit called "European commercial tandem" was created, piloted and  implemented in parallel at the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco (Portugal) and at the Budapest Business School (Hungary) during the academic year 2016-2017. The aim of this unit was to have students create, through cooperative ICT-assisted tasks, a webpage in Spanish for an international company.
Physiotherapist’ Job Performance, Impression Management and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: An Analysis of Hierarchical Linear Modeling v1
Authors: Hou Fu-I , Wu Yu-Lung , Li Min-Hui , Yun Huang Wan-
Published: January 2021

Studies on physiotherapists are generally focused on clinical professionalism, with very few examining job performance from a management standpoint. To address this gap, this study sought to investigate the relationship between impression management and organizational citizenship behavior and job performance. This study targeted medical institutions offering rehabilitation and physiotherapy services andconducted a questionnaire survey based on scales developed by domestic and foreign scholars. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 523 valid ones collected. The data was tested and verified using regression analysis and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).In the survey, the Impression Management Scale, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, and Job Performance Scale indicated that at the individual level, the impression management of physiotherapists is significantly related to their organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance. The organizational citizenship behaviors were also found to have a mediating effect between impression management and job performance. At the group level, impression management had a conditioning effect on organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance.In terms of statistical methods, group-level variables act as moderators, which affects the power of individual-level explanatory variables on outcome variables, i.e., the influence of the slope. Thejob behaviors of physiotherapists entail direct service and their performance is closely related to organizational development. Impression management gives people certain purposes and behaviors while organizational citizenship behaviors are a type of non-self-seeking, selfless dedication behaviors. Therefore, the motivation of physiotherapists who demonstrate organizational citizenship behaviors should be further explored.
Literary Staff of “Ukrainian News” (1945, Germany – 2000, USA)
Authors: Коzak Serhiy
Published: January 2021

The objective of this article is to find out names and activities of literary staff (editorial staff and freelance writers) of the newspaper ”Ukrainian News”/“Ukrainski Visti” from the perspective of publications of this emigration edition, which first appeared in Germany (1945–1978) after WWII and later in the United States (1978–2000). In order to achieve this objective, the biographies and creative achievements of its staff who rallied around this newspaper and determined its ideological core were investigated. In particular, the pre-emigration and emigration paths of authors and staff of the newspaper and their journalistic experience were studied, it was proved that the high educational level of authors had a direct impact on the level of their materials, and therefore on the level of the edition as a whole, and further contributed to enlargement of its thematic spectrum. It is noticeable that for many authors the collaboration with the newspaper lasted for decades, namely the whole emigration period of their lives.

The main method of research was to analyze the materials we searched for on the front pages of the newspaper. Thus, in the course of this task implementation, the new information about the authors was obtained, the peculiarities of creative biographies of the newspaper’s employees were clarified, the names of editorial staff were clarified, the publications about the literary staff were analyzed, the contents of their materials were examined, a list of the most active authors was made. It was found that the life and professional experience, educational level of literary workers and ideological platform of the newspaper built up in time and aimed at gaining independence of Ukraine, became those factors that allowed in a short period of time, despite the difficulties of “new conditions” in which the Ukrainians found themselves after the Second World War, to establish first a regular issue of the edition, and then to lay the foundation of strength, which allowed in a difficult period of lives in a strange land to publish a mother-tongue newspaper, which was destined for decades being a voice and a platform of the Ukrainian political emigration.
Corporate Communications as a Direction of Public Relations: Theoretical and Historical Aspects
Authors: Oltarzhevskyi Dmytro
Published: January 2021

The article studies the origins and the world historical experience of corporate communications branch which with the growth and globalization of large business in the early XX century was separated into an independent public relations sphere of activity. The attempt has been made to generalize and to structure the acquired theoretical material dedicated to this topic. Based on the analysis of English-language scientific sources the corporate communications concept is characterized and its connection with other related areas including media activities is studied. The object of the study is considered through a historical prism as a set of management and communication approaches of business organizations aimed at effective interaction with internal and external stakeholders, harmonization of relations with society, management functions implementation, brand promotion, and business development in general. The influence of the most important historical events, certain companies, and individuals on the corporate communications evolution is traced. It is described how the historical realities affected the establishment of the studied concept, the peculiarities of its implementation, as well as transformations in the modern business and social and communication environment. It is proved that the corporate communications history largely coincides with the general chronology of public relations but at the same time has its clear line. The maturity, global nature, rich content, and practical significance of this activity for both business and society are demonstrated. One of the conclusions is that corporate communications integrate a number of applied management functions, covering the various communication roles, activities and tools due to a set of historical factors, and public relations is a macro-phenomenon under the auspices of which corporate communications have been formed and continue to develop.
Development and current state of the doctrine of pathological and anatomical changes in dorsal tabes
Authors: Shtern Nikolay
Published: January 2021

Soon after this work, the observations of Marotte, Marotte et Luys, Trousseau, Isnard, Iaccoud and many others appeared. others. In all these works, cases of tabes with an autopsy are described, in which, without exception, changes were found in the rear posts. Thus, more and more confirmed the opinion expressed by Bourdon, that the basis of Duchenne's ataxia is a change in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. But, on the other hand, cases were reported that contradicted the observations. So, in the cases of Monod, Duchenne, Lancereaux, Gillaret and others, all the signs of ataxia were noticed during their lifetime, and in between the opening did not show the slightest changes in the spinal cord. But Lancereaux and especially Duchenne found changes (the last ones are not described) in the small brain.
About diseases of the nervous system with sugar diabetes
Authors: Lapinsky Mikhail
Published: January 2021

Diseases of the nervous system in sugar sickness, completely unknown to the old authors, attracted attention only in the present day and became the property of scientific development in a relatively recent time.
Multiple cranial sarcoma due to the transfer of neoplasm from the lung
Authors: Vyrubov N. A.
Published: January 2021

Multiple cranial sarcoma in the light of the transfer of neoplasm from the lung. The Department of Neuropathology, dedicated to brain tumors and their recognition, despite the tremendous progress achieved in the last ten years, is still not a lot. One of the outstanding modern neuropathologists Gowers, speaking of the general recognition of brain tumors, is even expressed in the following way: The problem of recognizing a cerebral tumor embraces four questions: 1) is there an organic disease in this case? 2) is there a tumor? if so, then 3) what is its localization and 4) what is its character? Of these questions, the first can be answered almost always, the second usually, the third often, and the fourth sometimes ". Hence, I think, the importance of a thorough collection and description of the observations related to this for the further clarification of both the clinical and the pathological and anatomical picture of brain tumors; In this relationship, of course, especially interesting are those cases in which an intravital recognition was made inside a cranial tumor and which were tracked in the further course and confirmed by postmortem autopsy.
Dr. P. Zabolotnov. To pathology of the nerve cell in typhoid fever and diphtheria. — Diss. Kazan. 1900
Authors: Vorotynsky B.
Published: January 2021

The work came out of the pathological anatomical office of prof. N.M. Lyubimova, where the author was engaged in studying the issue of the influence of pure cultures of some pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins on the nerve cells of the spinal cord and intervertebral nodes. The author made his experimental research on rabbits and guinea pigs with Eberth's and Lffler's bacilli. The painting was done according to the Nissl method. The work is of particular interest in view of the fact that the question of the influence of pathogenic microorganisms on the nerve cells is closely related to the question of the ethiology of some diseases of the central nervous system.
Okar Kohnstamm. About the crossed-ascending spinal tract and its relation to Gowers’s bundle. Neurological Centralblatt, No. 6, 1900
Authors: Troshin G.
Published: January 2021

The author's material consists of 6 rabbit brains, in which the right half of the spinal cord (all or in part) was severed in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cervical segment or in the 12th thoracic segment.
J. Déjérine and A. Thomas. "A case of asthenic bulbar palsy, followed by autopsy". Neurological review, 1901, № 1
Authors: Yanishevsky A.
Published: January 2021

In a very detailed description of the clinical picture of their case, the authors note in the patient during life: external ophthalmoplegia, paresis of the face, paresis of the tongue, larynx, palatine curtain, rapid muscle exhaustion, lack of muscle atrophy and negative data in case of excitability.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrov at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of December 3, 1900
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: January 2021

It was chaired by prof. N.M. Popov, under the secretary of V.V. Nikolaev. Attended by years. acting members: V.S.Boldyrev, V.P. Mal'ev, N.L. Mislavskiy, D.L. Timoeev, A.E. Yanishevskiy; guests of Dr. Borman, Mering, Romanov, Favorsky and a man about 10 people.
Report on the activities of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University for 1900
Authors: Nikolaev V. V.
Published: January 2021

The Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University has existed for 9 years and currently has 8 honorary members, 52 active members and 2 employee members, and in the reporting year, the change in the composition of the Society was expressed in in persons who died, honorary member VV Pashutin and active member NA Tolmachev; In addition, 5 members of the Society left in accordance with 38 of the charter; again entered during the reporting year, the active members of the Island 4 people. Thus, 0 consists of 62 members; of them 32 local and 30 nonresident.
Para-Sosyal İlişkinin Ürün Yerleştirme Çerçevesinde Marka Beğenilirliğine Yansıması
Authors: DÖNMEZ Mevlüt Sedat
Published: January 2021

Tüketicilerin markanın pazarlama ve iletişim faaliyetlerine yönelik verdikleri yanıtları etkileyen psikolojik faktör marka beğenilirliği olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu noktada markalar, ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları ile tüketicilerde bir beğenilirlik sağlamak adına dizi karakterleriyle bireyler arasında kurulan para-sosyal ilişkiden faydalanmaktadır. Para-sosyal ilişki çerçevesinde bireyler dizi karakterini sanki gerçek bir arkadaşıymış gibi algılamaktadır. Bu ilişki derinleştikçe tüketiciler karakterleri bir rol model olarak görmekte ve markaya yönelik değerlendirmelerini yönlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada tüketicilerin dizi karakterleriyle geliştirdikleri para-sosyal ilişki ile marka beğenilirliği oluşumu arasındaki uyumun sorgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada yüz yüze anket tekniği ile Isparta ilinde amaçlı örneklem ile 422 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında değişkenler arası uyumu belirlemek adına yapısal eşitlik modellemesinden faydalanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda araştırma çerçevesinde belirlenen model çıktılarının kabul edilebilir uyum ile mükemmel uyum arasında olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle ürün yerleştirme kapsamında marka beğenilirliği açıklamada para-sosyal etkileşiminin yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle ulaşılan örneklem çerçevesinde para-sosyal ilişkinin marka beğenilirliği oluşumunu güçlü düzeyde açıkladığı görülmektedir.
The factors which influence exclusive breastfeeding on toddlers in North Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi
Authors: Punuh Maureen I. , Engkeng Sulaemana
Published: January 2021

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the process of giving breast milk to babies without any additional food from birth until they are six months old. It takes the role of mothers, health workers and families, especially husbands so that exclusive breastfeeding can be successful. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding for children in North Minahasa regencyMethods: This study used a cross sectional design on 132 toddlers aged 7-12 months. The sampling in this study was carried out by using purposive sampling technique.Results: The results of the study found that 44.7% of children under five received exclusive breastfeeding and 25.0% of children had early initiation of breastfeeding from their mother. From this study it is also known that 55.3% of mothers' knowledge level about exclusive breastfeeding is in the sufficient category, 52.3% of health workers have a good role and as many as 54.5% of husbands play a good role in exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: The results obtained based on statistical tests using chi square were there is association of early initiation of breastfeeding (p=0.018), knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.045), the role of health workers (p=0.030), and the role of husband on the exclusive breastfeeding for children in North Minahasa regency. However, maternal knowledge and supervision regarding the early initiation of breastfeeding and health workers needs to be more improved.
Chances and prevention of antibiotic resistance in primary health care: literature review
Authors: Banamah Omar B. , Alsamih Mohammed F. , Alshehri Hatem H. , Almutairi Ahmed A. , Alowayfi Saud M. , Alshehri Faisal M. , Alotaibi Mazen F. , Shuraym Saud H. , Alnojeam Abdulaziz M. , Alwadei Meshari S. , Almohanna Mohammad A. , Simsim Duaa A.
Published: January 2021

Many concerns have been expressed in the field of clinical practice regarding antimicrobial resistance since many infections with severe complications and bad prognosis have been described since the end of the last century. In primary healthcare facilities, the risks for developing high rates of antibiotic resistance is high, probably due to the high prevalence of bacterial infections in these places, and due to the overuse of antibiotics without any relevance of evidence of bacterial infections. For instance, people usually administer high doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics for non-severe, self-limiting respiratory tract infections. Moreover, for fighting bacterial infections, patients usually discontinue the treatment course once the symptoms of the disease were relieved. These factors among many others had led to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance which may lead to serious complications. Many approaches are being made to reduce the resistance that has been reviewed in this review. These include optimizing the dosage and timing of antibiotics administration which can be achieved by more understanding of the pharmacology of the antibiotics. Moreover, training and education programs that target the prescribers and patients have been proven to be efficient in reducing the rates. These efforts are encouraged to last and target more people for more favorable outcomes.
Long term effect of nutrition on thyroid disease
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Asiri Lama Samir , Asali Sadeem Wadia , Alawlaqi Abdulaziz Mohsin , Sibah Gadeer Sameer , Alshammari Bader Hadi , Gaban Saltanh Mohammed , Almansory Alanood Nawaf , AlGhamdi Hind Mousa , Msallati Jinan Hikmat , Al Dhaif Hassan Mohammed , Rayshan Ali Salem Al
Published: January 2021

Many forms of thyroid diseases have been classified under autoimmune thyroid disease. These include hyperthyroidism or commonly known as Grave’s disease, and hypothyroidism commonly identified as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Many nutritional elements have been linked to the function of the thyroid gland as any disturbance in these elements can lead to the development of relevant thyroid diseases. The most important elements include iodine, iron, selenium, zinc, and soy. In this current manuscript, we aimed to discuss the effect of these nutritional elements on the development of thyroid diseases by reviewing relevant studies in the literature. Although it is widely known that iodine is an essential component for the synthesis and release of these hormones, exaggerated intake of iodine can also lead to the development of hypothyroidism by negative feedback mechanisms. Besides, it can also trigger abnormal autoimmune reactions which can lead to the development of AITD. Selenium is another important factor and evidence shows that it has been associated with Grave’s thyroiditis, however, further evidence is needed as recommended by previous investigations. Clinicians should also take care of iron, zinc, and soy levels during management to obtain a better prognosis.
Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnant women: literature review
Authors: Alasbi Ghadah Mohammed , Saad Afaf Mohammad , Abdulqader Nada Jamal , Laimooniah Sulaiman Hemdi , Aldajani Fatimah Falah , Althowimer Zaid Ali , Alduraywish Ibrahim Sulaiman , Al raqi Atheer Saeed , Alahmari Ahmed Ali , Algethami Amjaad Fahad , AlHumaid Atheer Saleh , Alenezi Ibtihaj Qaseem
Published: January 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk groups is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Pregnant females are considered one of these cases. More studies are needed to understand how the virus affects the complication rate in these cases and what is the best management plan. Hence, this study was conducted to stand on the real incidence and complications of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Databases like PubMed, Medline, Web of science, Embase, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched using the following search terms “severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus-2” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “COVID-19” or “coronavirus” and “pregnant” or “neonate” or “pregnancy” transplacental transmission” or “placental transmission” or “vertical transmission” or intrauterine or perinatal. Pregnant women are not considered high-risk groups for COVID-19 infections as it was found that the risk of complication in COVID-19 patients was similar to non-infected patients. However, virulent strains of the virus had caused severe infections and complications. The study lacked a clear plan for the management of the virus in pregnant females.
The impact of globalization on islamic education toward fiqh learning existence in covid-19 pandemic period
Authors: Mansir Firman
Published: January 2021

This research explains about the existence of Islamic Education in the middle of covid-19 pandemic that is currently struck the world, including Indonesia. This impact affects the learning process in schools and Madrasah. It is feared that the Covid-19 pandemic could undermine the existence of Islamic Education. The learning process of Islamic Religious Education is starting to be eliminated amid the siege of modern learning, thus, Islamic Education is in the spotlight because it is unable to compete in the midst of the pandemic. However, all these worries can fade because Islamic education is able to obtain these various entanglements and come back into existence with various learning models and methods used to offer the best for students in schools and madrasas
Professor Morteza Samini Retired Editor-in-Chief of Acta Medica Iranica (1945- 2020)
Authors: Dehpour A.R. , Ejtemaei Mehr Sh.
Published: January 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
How Good Is Trans Abdominal Ultrasound for Evaluating NAFLD in the General Population? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bahari Ali , Esmaeilzadeh Abbas , Soltani Moslem , Morovatdar Negar , Babaei Narvan , Ganji Azita
Published: January 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common cause of liver test abnormality and chronic liver disease in the world and can increase liver related mortality. Association of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome increase mortality due to cardiovascular disease too. NAFLD is categorized histologically into the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy has been known as gold standard of evaluating NAFLD, but this procedure is invasive. It is time to replace available and easier way to diagnose, and predict the prognosis for better management of NAFLD. This study was comparing the result of transabdominal ultrasonography with Fibroscan as a new and accurate method for evaluating severity of fatty liver disease. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted using 101 patients with NAFLD. All patients who had TUS by one experienced radiologist and fibro scan at the same time were included. Visual liver echogenicity was basis of grading in TUS. Fibro scans results are based on controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) which is not operator dependent. Other information, such as age, waist, and BMI, were also gathered. TUS has a low value for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients and predicting prognosis. TUS has a good correlation with fibroscan in grade 0 and 1of fatty liver, but in grade 2 and 3 of fatty liver, we can not rely on TUS for accurate grading.
Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Clinical Investigation
Authors: Saadati Nayyereh , Naghibzadeh Bahram , Khalilipour Asma , Miri Maryam
Published: January 2021

Assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PAH) frequency and its association with interstitial lung disease (ILD), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), and valvular heart diseases (VHD) in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cross-sectional study. Cardiology and Rheumatology Departments, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. A total of 40 patients with RA without history or clinical features of cardiac diseases underwent cardiopulmonary and rheumatological assessment, including history taking, physical examination, chest X-ray, chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), and echocardiography. Echocardiographic variables of patients with RA were measured and analyzed. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary hypertension. The prevalence of PAH was 60% in RA. The tests showed no significant differences in PAH between age and gender groups. The most common valve involvement among patients was tricuspid insufficiency, followed by mitral insufficiency. Grades I and II LVDD were present in 27.5% and 2.5% of patients, respectively. There were significant correlations between systolic velocity (Sm) and ejection fraction, early diastolic velocity and diastolic velocity, as well as Sm and systolic wave velocity. This study revealed a high prevalence of severe LVDD in RA patients with PAH. Early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk factors may prevent the development and progression of PAH in RA patients.