bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SkyNet: A Modular Nuclear Reaction Network Library
Authors: Lippuner Jonas , Roberts Luke F.
Published: December 2017

Almost all of the elements heavier than hydrogen that are present in our solar system were produced by nuclear burning processes either in the early universe or at some point in the life cycle of stars. In all of these environments, there are dozens to thousands of nuclear species that interact with each other to produce successively heavier elements. In this paper, we present SkyNet, a new general-purpose nuclear reaction network that evolves the abundances of nuclear species under the influence of nuclear reactions. SkyNet can be used to compute the nucleosynthesis evolution in all astrophysical scenarios where nucleosynthesis occurs. SkyNet is free and open source, and aims to be easy to use and flexible. Any list of isotopes can be evolved, and SkyNet supports different types of nuclear reactions. SkyNet is modular so that new or existing physics, like nuclear reactions or equations of state, can easily be added or modified. Here, we present in detail the physics implemented in SkyNet with a focus on a self-consistent transition to and from nuclear statistical equilibrium to non-equilibrium nuclear burning, our implementation of electron screening, and coupling of the network to an equation of state. We also present comprehensive code tests and comparisons with existing nuclear reaction networks. We find that SkyNet agrees with published results and other codes to an accuracy of a few percent. Discrepancies, where they exist, can be traced to differences in the physics implementations.
Formation Constraints Indicate a Black Hole Accretor in 47 Tuc X9
Authors: Church Ross P. , Strader Jay , Davies Melvyn B. , Bobrick Alexey
Published: December 2017

The luminous X-ray binary 47 Tuc X9 shows radio and X-ray emission consistent with a stellar-mass black hole (BH) accreting from a carbon–oxygen white dwarf. Its location, in the core of the massive globular cluster 47 Tuc, hints at a dynamical origin. We assess the stability of mass transfer from a carbon–oxygen white dwarf onto compact objects of various masses, and conclude that for mass transfer to proceed stably, the accretor must, in fact, be a BH. Such systems can form dynamically by the collision of a stellar-mass BH with a giant star. Tidal dissipation of energy in the giant’s envelope leads to a bound binary with a pericenter separation less than the radius of the giant. An episode of common-envelope evolution follows, which ejects the giant’s envelope. We find that the most likely target is a horizontal-branch star, and that a realistic quantity of subsequent dynamical hardening is required for the resulting binary to merge via gravitational wave emission. Observing one binary like 47 Tuc X9 in the Milky Way globular cluster system is consistent with the expected formation rate. The observed 6.8-day periodicity in the X-ray emission may be driven by eccentricity induced in the ultra-compact X-ray binary’s orbit by a perturbing companion.
SBIRT Education for Nurse Practitioner Students: Integration Into an MSN Program
Authors: Moore Jeanne , Goodman Petra , Selway Janet , Hawkins-Walsh Elizabeth , Merritt Janet , Dombrowski Jill
Published: December 2017

Background:

Substance use disorders are a major public health problem. As primary care providers, nurse practitioners (NPs) must be proficient at screening, identifying, and intervening for at-risk patients. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a well-established, evidence-based model for teaching behavioral health skills to health care providers. It is vital that Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)-NP programs incorporate SBIRT into their curricula.

Method:

SBIRT content was mapped to 10 courses across an MSN-NP program. Methods of integration included readings, lectures, case studies, role-plays, tutorials, symposia, and test questions, as well as tracking the use of SBIRT during clinical preceptorships.

Results:

A total of 139 online and on-campus MSN-NP students were trained. Data demonstrate students successfully implemented SBIRT in precepted clinical settings.

Conclusion:

This approach provides a framework for integrating SBIRT training into MSN-NP curricula. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):725–732.]
Innovative Intraprofessional Clinical Training for Clinical Nurse Specialists and Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Haney Tina Sweeney , Sharp Pamela B. , Nesbitt Christianne , Poston Rebecca Deal
Published: December 2017

Background:

Most graduate nursing education curricula naturally segregate students by role as they move into their role-specific coursework and clinical experiences. Segregation diminishes the opportunity for students to form important intraprofessional relationships. Intraprofessional collaboration can potentiate the influence of advanced practice nurses on individual patients, patient populations, and larger health care systems.

Method:

This pilot program paired clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioner students in immersion clinical practicum experiences aimed to increase their understanding of each other's role and potential avenues for collaboration in future practice.

Results:

Students report increased levels of understanding of each other's roles and scope of practice. Pairing students in immersion experiences broadens their clinical reach and potentiates their influence on vulnerable patient populations.

Conclusion:

Findings indicate that this pilot program can be sustained. Benefits to early and focused intraprofessional educational experiences include increased awareness of advanced practice roles, scope of practice, and potential avenues for future collaboration. [J Nurs Educ.2017;56(12):748–751.]
Tutoring for Success: Empowering Graduate Nurses After Failure on the NCLEX-RN
Authors: Lutter Stacy L. , Thompson Cheryl W. , Condon Marian C.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Failure on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) is a devastating experience. Most research related to NCLEX-RN is focused on predicting and preventing failure. Despite these efforts, more than 20,000 nursing school graduates experience failure on the NCLEX-RN each year, and there is a paucity of literature regarding remediation after failure.

Method:

The aim of this article is to describe an individualized tutoring approach centered on establishing a trusting relationship and incorporating two core strategies for remediation: the nugget method, and a six-step strategy for question analysis.

Results:

This individualized tutoring method has been used by three nursing faculty with a 95% success rate on an NCLEX retake attempt.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to identify the elements of this tutoring method that influence success. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):758–761.]
De elementis, 5, 14-16 : la tetrapharmakos et l’épistémologie galénique du mélange
Authors: Giovacchini Julie
Published: December 2017

On souhaite reconstituer les sources de la référence à la tetrapharmakos dans un passage du De elementis, afin d’élucider le statut exact de l’argument utilisé par Galien. Cette source est probablement stoïcienne mais on en trouve également des traces dans l’Anonyme de Londres. Manipulant les concepts stoïciens, Galien fait un usage épistémologique et non directement physique du paradigme du mélange fusionnel, que l’on distinguera en ce sens du mélange dit « total » utilisé quant à lui pour conceptualiser la théorie humorale que Galien souhaite défendre dans la suite du De elementis.
Rhétorique et médecine : le De elementis ex Hippocratis sententia de Galien
Authors: Petit Caroline
Published: December 2017

Cet article examine le court traité De elementis de Galien sous l’angle de la rhétorique : quelles sont les stratégies de persuasion mises en place dans cet important (quoique bref) ouvrage, et dans quel(s) but(s) ? Comment la mise en œuvre de l’excellente formation rhétorique de Galien affecte-t‑elle l’argumentation du médecin ? Texte pédagogique, destiné à un lecteur privilégié, puis remanié pour toucher un plus large public, le De elementis est devenu, dans l’œuvre de Galien, l’un des textes propédeutiques fondamentaux. Concis, efficace et brillant, il est peut-être aussi, comme on le suggère ici, un des textes qui établissent la réputation du médecin de Pergame à Rome aux alentours de 170 de notre ère, au début de sa carrière dans la capitale.
Évaluer les bénéfices de la protection d’une zone humide : application aux sites du Conservatoire du littoral du Bassin d’Arcachon
Authors: Binet Thomas , Mercier-Delacourte Isabelle , Diazabakana Ambre , Keurmeur Nastasia
Published: December 2017

Cet article présente une évaluation des bénéfices économiques de la politique d’acquisition foncière du Conservatoire du Littoral sur le Bassin d’Arcachon. Elle repose sur l’estimation et la comparaison de la valeur des services écosystémiques rendus par la zone d’étude à l’horizon 2050 en fonction de deux scénarios projectifs : i) un scénario de protection forte correspondant à la mise en œuvre totale de la stratégie d’acquisition à long terme du Conservatoire et ii) un scénario d’affaiblissement de la protection dans lequel cette stratégie d’acquisition n’est pas mise en œuvre. La méthodologie utilisée consacre l’utilisation de la télédétection et l’analyse des données cartographiques obtenues à modéliser les variations probables, sur 35 ans, de la valeur des services écosystémiques sous l’effet conjoint des pressions exercées sur les écosystèmes d’une part et des mesures de protection du Conservatoire du Littoral et de ses partenaires d’autre part. Les résultats montrent que les bénéfices de cette acquisition foncière sont de l’ordre de 73,4 millions d’euros sur la période 2015-2050, soit 2,1 millions d’euros par an. Ils offrent un plaidoyer rationnel en faveur de la protection des espaces naturels du Bassin d’Arcachon et permettent de motiver des choix de gestion futurs sur la zone. Même affaiblie par un manque de données locales et l’utilisation d’hypothèses critiquables inhérentes à la conduite des évaluations de services écosystémiques, cette approche offre des perspectives intéressantes pour co-construire avec les acteurs du territoire et sur la base d’arguments cartographiques et socioéconomiques une gestion durable et intégrée du Bassin d’Arcachon fondée sur le maintien des fonctions écologiques et des écosystèmes.
Mobilisations environnementales et dynamiques des territoires : le cas de Plaine Commune, communauté d’agglomération d’Ile-de-France
Authors: Blanc Nathalie , Canabate Alice , Douay Nicolas , Escobar  Angela , Paddeu Flaminia
Published: December 2017

L’article porte sur la place des associations d’agriculture urbaine sur le territoire de Plaine Commune, communauté d’agglomération d’Ile-de-France. Dans le prolongement de travaux portant sur l’environnementalisme civique, il s’agit d’examiner la manière dont les activismes locaux reconfigurent l’engagement des citoyens sur les territoires et les gouvernances urbaines. Il apparait une double logique territoriale tant liée à la nature des acteurs qu’aux dynamiques spatiales et sociopolitiques.
Réseaux de distribution de l’énergie et sobriété énergétique des territoires, les apports d’une approche thermodynamique et métabolique des systèmes territoriaux
Authors: Guinchard Paul-Marie , Sède-Marceau Marie-Hélène de , Capezzali Massimiliano
Published: December 2017

Dans le contexte de transition énergétique et de crise environnementale actuel, les intérêts des approches territoriales et systémiques de l’énergie semblent aujourd’hui admis. Cependant et malgré les nombreuses avancées dans les domaines technologiques, en matière d’urbanisme et d’aménagement ou bien encore en termes d’approches psycho-sociales et comportementales, les courbes de consommations énergétiques peinent à s’infléchir. Fort de ce constat, nous posons l’hypothèse, sur la base d’éléments théoriques empruntés à la thermodynamique et à la biologie, du rôle potentiel que pourraient jouer les réseaux de distribution énergétique, leurs caractéristiques, leur morphologie et leur dynamique sur les comportements énergétiques des territoires favorisant ainsi des organisations et des fonctionnements territoriaux énergétiquement plus sobres.
Reconstituer les trajectoires paysagères par photo-interprétation semi-automatisée et télédétection : géohistoire d'un cône de déjection torrentiel en vallée de Maurienne (Savoie)
Authors: Hugerot Thérèse , Astrade Laurent , Ployon Estelle , Gauchon Christophe
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose une méthodologie de traitement des photographies aériennes anciennes appliquée à l’étude géohistorique des paysages torrentiels. La photographie aérienne est un traceur temporel de première main dans la reconstitution diachronique des changements paysagers. L’enjeu de ces recherches est le suivi cartographique des dynamiques paysagères, en prenant pour modèle une entité un paysage sensible au changement - le cône de déjection torrentiel - dont les conditions d’équilibre témoignent du contexte socio-environnemental d’une vallée torrentielle des Alpes du Nord. C’est dans une perspective exploratoire de reconstitution diachronique que les techniques de photo-interprétation et de télédétection ont été associées. Aussi est-il question de montrer les potentialités d’une approche orientée objet pour reconstituer des trajectoires en prenant pour exemple une série chronologique de missions aériennes anciennes de l’IGN©. L’approche développée à partir d’une chaîne de traitements permet la comparaison d’images anciennes. Les résultats de cette méthode offrent une compréhension spatiale des dynamiques paysagères sur les cinquante dernières années. Par-delà l’exemple ici présenté, la méthode proposée permet d’envisager le traitement d’autres jeux de photographies aériennes d’archives et une application à d’autres cônes de déjection. Protocole
Faut-il génotyper « nos bonnes vaches » ? Une approche de la génomique par les contradictions
Authors: Mougenot Catherine , Gaillard Claire
Published: December 2017

Grâce à une prise de sang, la SAM (Sélection assistée par marqueurs) peut produire une valeur estimée du potentiel de transmission des animaux d’élevage. Elle est depuis peu promue comme une nouvelle façon d’atteindre une élévation moyenne du progrès génétique. C’est cette « troisième révolution » de l’élevage, que nous avons voulu suivre à travers une enquête qualitative dans l’aire d’origine de la race bovine Montbéliarde (les départements du Jura et du Doubs en France). Face à l’introduction des outils génomiques pour la sélection, les personnes que nous avons rencontrées sont toutes partantes et toutes réticentes… La SAM met chacun à l’épreuve, mais chacun tente aussi d’y trouver son propre compte et ces contradictions sont progressivement devenues le fil rouge de notre enquête. Plutôt que les voir comme les preuves d’une argumentation logique chancelante, elles apparaissent comme des marques d’hésitations et de tensions et sont devenues pour nous des indices pour pister les conséquences de l’innovation en train de se faire.
La frontière Québec-Labrador : quels effets sur le développement des ressources et des populations du Nord?
Authors: Simard Martin
Published: December 2017

À l’heure où les frontières étatiques semblent disparaître sous le poids des traités de libre-échange, la frontière entre le Québec et le Labrador soulève divers enjeux et défis pour le développement du Québec Nordique. Érigée en 1927, à la suite de l’avis du Conseil privé de Londres, cette délimitation interprovinciale est en partie contestée par le gouvernement du Québec. De plus, celle-ci demeure « la seule frontière interétatique de l’Amérique à n’être matérialisée sur le terrain par aucune borne ». Cette situation est problématique dans la mesure où l’immense gisement minier de la fosse du Labrador se retrouve à cheval sur la frontière. Malgré l’interconnexion des réseaux routier et ferroviaire ainsi que la libre circulation des biens et des personnes, la frontière instaure la coexistence de deux régimes légaux et fiscaux différents. Les secteurs frontaliers de Schefferville-Menihek, Labrador-City‒Fermont et Blanc-Sablon―L’Anse-au-clair vivent au quotidien les caprices de la géopolitique. Dans ce contexte, notre communication vise à discuter des effets de l’existence de cette frontière sur le développement des ressources et des populations du Nord. S’agit-il d’une ligne largement imaginaire ayant peu d’impacts sur la vie des citoyens et les pratiques des entreprises? Observe-t-on des expériences de concertation intergouvernementale ou des collaborations institutionnelles? Au contraire, pouvons-nous identifier de fuites commerciales ou des stratégies d’évasion fiscales des agents socioéconomiques? De manière générale, peut-on décrire la frontière terrestre entre le Québec et Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador comme étant un frein à une politique intégrée de développement du Nord de la péninsule du Québec-Labrador? Nous avons tenté de répondre à ces questions à l’aide de visites sur le terrain et d’entrevues auprès d’acteurs locaux. Nos résultats illustrent une réalité complexe faite autant d’échanges et de partenariats que de compétitions et de dédoublements de services.
Intégrer l’éducation à l’environnement dans les pratiques d’alphabétisation populaire au Québec
Authors: Villemagne Carine , Daniel  Justine , Sauvé Lucie , Joyal Kaven
Published: December 2017

L’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) est une dimension essentielle de l’éducation. Assez bien développée pour les jeunes, l’ERE l’est beaucoup moins quand on s’intéresse au public des adultes, en particulier en contexte non formel. Dans le cadre de projets en développement avec des organismes d’éducation populaire au Québec, nous avons mené une recherche visant à identifier les possibilités d’intégration de l’ERE aux pratiques d’alphabétisation des adultes. Il s’agissait donc au moyen du groupe de discussion de mettre en évidence les conceptions et les préoccupations relatives à l’environnement des adultes fréquentant ces groupes d’éducation populaire, ainsi que leur propre agir environnemental. Les besoins et les attentes de ces adultes en matière d’environnement et d’ERE ont également été discutés. L’analyse thématique des résultats fournit d’intéressantes pistes éducatives propres à orienter des pratiques éducatives intégrant l’ERE et l’alphabétisation des adultes qui soient adaptées et pertinentes pour les adultes des groupes d’éducation populaire du Québec. Par exemple, il est primordial de partir des savoirs environnementaux dont les adultes sont porteurs et de prendre en considération leurs façons d’apprendre qui constituent des adaptations à leurs faibles habiletés en lecture et en écriture.
Tribute, hope and reconciliation
Authors: Moltmann Jürgen , Tveit Olav F. , Nürnberger Klaus , Buitendag Johan
Published: December 2017

This article represents a trilogy of tribute to and by Jürgen Moltmann on 05 and 06 April 2017 during the centenary celebrations of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria and the conferment of an honorary doctorate to Moltmann. The first tribute to Prof. Moltmann is an address from the General Secretary, World Council of Churches, Geneva, Switzerland, Rev. Dr Olav Fykse Tveit. In this he honours Professor Moltmann’s prophetic reflection on how theology can bring the living God we all believe in to the world today, so that human beings and the entire creation can experience the fullness of life that God promised to us all. The second tribute is authored by Klaus Nürnberger, in which he reflects on Moltmann’s legacy for South Africans. The second part is Prof. Moltmann’s acceptance speech at the graduation ceremony on 06 April when he addressed the new graduandi and their families and friends at the Rembrandt Hall, University of Pretoria. He inspires the newly graduandi by saying: ‘In the end – there is a beginning. Young men and women, let your hope arise. We have so much of sick and dying hope around us. There is resignation. There is the arrogance of the powerful, and there is the apathy of powerless. Drop arrogance and learn to listen to others. Get out of apathy and lift up your head and raise your voices. Break out of indifference and get involved. Life is so beautiful’. The last section echoes Moltmann’s lifelong emphasis on the living power of hope and focuses on the power of forgiveness to mend broken relationships. This is not an easy task, and where it is up to humanity, utterly impossible to cross the divides the human condition can create. Moltmann focuses on how the reconciliation of Christ with humanity creates bridges for humanity to reconcile with one another. Reconciliation restores relationships and opens a ‘gateway’ to the future. In this way, Moltmann highlighted the theme of the centenary celebration of the Faculty of Theology of the University of Pretoria.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission and gender: The Testimony of Mrs Konile revisited
Authors: Kobe Sandiswa L.
Published: December 2017

This article draws on a well-known narration of the Gugulethu Seven incident from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) proceedings with specific reference to testimonies of the mothers of the Gugulethu Seven. The article focuses on Mrs Konile’s testimony as a case study: Testimony of a black woman whose son was murdered by the apartheid government’s security forces. During the TRC hearings, Mrs Konile ‘failed’ to effectively narrate her story, which resulted in her testimony being dismissed as being incoherent. This article examines the underlying attributes of Mrs Konile’s testimony and revisits why she was considered ‘incapable’ of articulating her experience in a convincing manner. The analysis aims to acknowledge, identify and give insights about this woman’s testimony from an African women theologian viewpoint (specifically with references to the Isixhosa religious cultural background).
The legacy of Black Consciousness: Its continued relevance for democratic South Africa and its significance for theological education
Authors: Dolamo Ramathate T.
Published: December 2017

This article argues that Black Consciousness as a philosophy transcends all political organisations and ideologies, because its architects were interested in rallying the whole country to fight apartheid regardless of political affiliation. The same consciousness that was raised in the 1960s could still influence political business today in democratic South Africa. To this end, a selection of values and principles of Black Consciousness has been examined that could be used in various sectors to ensure that our democracy is strengthened and protected. Some of those values and principles include: (1) a sense of solidarity in the face of adversity; before 1994, it was apartheid and today it is poverty; (2) the importance of the value of self-reliance in the face of unemployment and joblessness; (3) the value of self-understanding in Africa and globally as a country and (4) the critical role that education plays towards the total liberation of the whole person.
Editorial: Medicinal Plants and Economic Development
Authors: Afolayan Anthony J.
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings
Authors: Le Roux Christelle , Venter Frans J. , Kirberger Robert M.
Published: December 2017

Although porcupine quill injuries are common in dogs, the detailed appearance of the quill on diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has not been sufficiently described. A 4-year-old, intact, female Jack Russel terrier presented with severe neck pain and ataxia after an altercation with a porcupine 2 weeks earlier. Radiology, diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were all utilised to identify a quill imbedded in the cervical vertebral canal and cervical musculature and were compared to each other. Surgical removal of the quill, guided by imaging findings, led to the resolution of the clinical signs in the patient. Previous ultrasound imaging reports have just stated that the quill consists of paralell hyperechoic lines, and do not mention the finer hyperechoic lines inbetween and do not try to provide a reason for the appearance. Previous computed tomography (CT) reports just mention identifying the quill on CT images (whether or not CT could identify the fragments), but do not go into detail about the attenuating appearance of the quill nor try to relate this to the composition of the quill. This is to the authors’ knowledge the first report with detailed imaging descriptions of a case of cranial cervical vertebral canal porcupine quill foreign body in a dog. This is also the first report to allude to a possible difference in imaging findings related to quill structure because of keratin orientation and melanin content. The ideal imaging modality to use remains elusive, but ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could all identify the quill.
О количестве целых точек в многомерной области
Authors: Rybakov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: December 2017

Получена новая верхняя оценка для модуля разности $|\Lambda\cap\mathcal{S}|-\operatorname{vol}(\mathcal{S})/\operatorname{det}\Lambda$, где $\mathcal{S}\subset \mathbb R^n$ - множество объема $\operatorname{vol}(\mathcal{S})$, а $\Lambda\subset \mathbb R^n$ - полная решетка с определителем $\operatorname{det}\Lambda$. Важным практическим приложением этого результата является, например, оценка количества целочисленных решений произвольной системы линейных и нелинейных неравенств.
Сходимость к локальному времени броуновской извилины
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: December 2017

Рассматривается целочисленное случайное блуждание $\{ S_{n}, n\geq 0\}$ с нулевым сносом и конечной дисперсией. Для случайного процесса, сопоставляющего переменной $u\geq 0$ число попаданий до момента $n$ указанного блуждания в состояние $\lfloor u\sigma \sqrt{n}\rfloor$ и рассматриваемого при условии, что $S_{1}>0,\ldots ,S_{n}>0$, доказана функциональная предельная теорема о сходимости к локальному времени броуновской извилины.
Intérêt des corps d’inclusion dans le diagnostic cytologique de l’Erlichiose canine
Authors: Beaufils Jean-Pierre , Martin-Granel Jean , Jumelle Philippe
Published: December 2017

Des corps d’inclusion, probablement constitués de corps élémentaires ou de corps initiaux d’Ehrlichia canis, sont décrits dans les lymphocytes de deux chiens. Au vu de ces deux cas et des données de la littérature, ces corps d’inclusion semblent beaucoup plus faciles à mettre en évidence que les morulas d’Ehrlichia canis, et il sera donc intéressant de savoir les reconnaître pour faire un diagnostic cytologique d’ehrlichiose canine.
A propos de cas de Dermato-philose à Dermatophilus congolense dans les différentes espèces animales en France
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Dufrêne Mireille
Published: December 2017

Les auteurs décrivent plusieurs cas de streptothricose observés en France sur diverses espèces animales : équins, carnivores, bovins.

L’affection est souvent mal diagnostiquée et les prélèvements doivent être faits correctement et en quantité suffisante pour le laboratoire.
Isolement de Yersinia enterocolitia O : 9 à partir de prélèvements d’avortement chez une vache présentant une réaction sérologique positive en Brucellose
Authors: Guéraud Jean-Marie , Garin-Bastuji Bruno
Published: December 2017

Une souche de Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 2 sérotype 9, qui croise au plan antigénique avec Brucella abortus , a été isolée de prélèvements d’avortement chez une vache positive en sérologie de la brucellose, dans le département du Cher. Les résultats des premières investigations relatives à ce cas, jamais décrit auparavant, sont l’objet de la présente communication.
La recherche à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort
Authors: Parodi André-Laurent
Published: December 2017

Au cours des quatre dernières années, l’École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort a entrepris une profonde restructuration de sa politique de recherche. Conduites à la faveur d’un regroupement des moyens au sein d’un nombre limité d’équipes de recherches mieux structurées, les recherches se développent autour de deux thématiques dominantes : la recherche clinique, centrée notamment sur les modèles animaux en partenariat avec la recherche bio-médicale, et l’hygiène, la qualité et la sécurité des aliments, en relation avec la santé au sein des productions animales.

L’objectif attendu, à travers le développement d’une recherche de qualité, est de permettre à l’École de se doter des structures de 3e cycle (DEA, habilitation à délivrer le Doctorat) nécessaires à la conduite d’une politique de formation par la recherche plus active et plus spécifique.
Restructuration de la moelle épinière du chien après traumatisme focal : neurotisation des neurones médullaires adultes dans un autogreffon nerveux périphérique
Authors: Moissonnier Pierre , Horvat Jean-claude , Yé Jacques-Henri , Reviron Thierry
Published: December 2017

Un Greffon Nerveux Périphérique (GNP) a été implanté dans la substance grise de la moelle épinière lombaire (segment L4) chez 6 chiens beagle adultes. Quatre mois plus tard il a été procédé à un marquage rétrograde à la péroxydase du raifort (Horse Radish Peroxydase) à partir de l’extrémité distale du greffon afin de matérialiser le corps cellulaire des axones ayant développé un prolongement axonal dans le GNP. Cette étude démontre que les neurones adultes de la substance grise situés à proximité du GNP sont marqués par la HRP et qu’ils sont donc susceptibles de repousser dans un GNP à partir de la moelle.
Éthique vétérinaire et relations internationales
Authors: Blancou Jean , Chillaud Thierry
Published: December 2017

Veterinary ethics and international relationships.

The ethical rules applicable to various veterinary activities are determined, on a national level, by the responsible professional authorities. On an international level, it was important to attempt to harmonise these rules, in order to ensure that international trade in animals, animal products and in veterinary drugs takes place with maximum security. The recommendations made in this respect by the Office International des Epizooties, the Food and Agriculture Organization or the United Nations and the World Veterinary Association, are presented and discussed.
L’amélioration technique des conditions de vente au détail des denrées périssables
Authors: Gac André
Published: December 2017

L’exposition des produits périssables réfrigérés, congelés ou surgelés en meubles de vente est le maillon le plus fragile de la chaîne de commercialisation de ces produits. La température des paquets dépend de divers facteurs :

- type et mode de gestion des meubles,

- nature des produits et leur situation dans le meuble,

- environnement du magasin,

- etc.

L’objet de l’exposé est de montrer comment la préservation des produits périssables peut être améliorée par modification de certains de ces facteurs.
Estudio crítico de los índices de severidad y la superficie afectada por el incendio de Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza)
Authors: Guillem-Cogollos R. , Vinué-Visús D. , Caselles-Miralles V. , Espinós-Morató H.
Published: December 2017

To determine the area burned by fire and its associated severity related to this forest fire taken place in Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza), on July 4th, 2015, three spectral indices derived from Landsat-8 imagery have been calculated: NDVI, NBR and BAI. Comparing the results obtained from each of them, in a wildland fire with extensive crop areas surrounded by forested areas, it has been demonstrated that combination of ΔNBR and BAI substantially improves the calculation of the burned area, concerning both in its external perimeter and in the unburned zones inside of the perimeter. For severity calculation is proposed a new methodology based on before and after NBR differences and its BAI combination, as a function pre-fire values of NBR and NDVI indices.
Validación de los índices de teledetección dNBR y RdNBR para determinar la severidad del fuego en el incendio forestal de Oia-O Rosal (Pontevedra) en 2013
Authors: Arellano S. , Vega J.A. , Rodríguez y Silva F. , Fernández C. , Vega-Nieva D. , Álvarez-González J.G. , Ruiz-González A.D.
Published: December 2017

Fire severity evaluation and mapping following wildfire is an essential task for post-fire rehabilitation activities and forest management planning. For that purpose, some spectral indexes are used to quantify the changes caused by fire, being Landsat satellite one of the most frequently used. Even though Galicia is the Spanish region with the highest number of fires in the country, the information on fire severity estimation through satellite imagery is scarce. In the present study, the capacity of dNBR (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) and RdNBR (Relative difference Normalized Burn Ratio), through Landsat 8 imagery processing, are compared for the first time in Galicia to test both indexes with field data following the methodology from CBI (Composite Burn Index) in Oia-O Rosal (Pontevedra) wildfire occurred in the summer of 2013. The results indicate that the models for dNBR and RdNBR estimation according to CBI were similar, explaining a 69 and 73% of variability, respectively. These models allow to obtain a new fire severity thresholds for dNBR and RdNBR for the burned area. Although, both indexes showed a similar and quite high overall accuracy in the classification of the different fire severity classes (75% y 83% for dNBR and RdNBR, respectively), RdNBR was slightly more accurate than dNBR. Additionally, the dNBR-based fire severity map significantly underestimated the high fire severity area, compared with RdNBR. Those preliminary results can be useful to evaluate fire severity spatial distribution, in wildfires in Galicia although new data will be necessary before an operational tool to be available.
Burn severity and regeneration in large forest fires: an analysis from Landsat time series
Authors: Martínez S. , Chuvieco E. , Aguado I. , Salas J.
Published: December 2017

The main objective of this study is to take a close look at post-fire recovery patterns in forestry areas under different burn severity conditions. We also investigate the time that forestry ecosystems take to recover their pre-fire condition. In this context, this study analyses both the level of severity in Uncastillo forest wildfire (7.664ha), one of the greatest occurred in Spain in 1994, and the pattern of natural recovery in the following decades (until 2014) using annual Landsat time series (sensors TM&ETM+). Burn severity has been estimated by means of PROSPECT and GeoSAIL radiative transfer models following methodologies described in De Santis and Chuvieco (2009). On the other hand, recovery processes have been assessed from spectral profiles using the LandTrendr model (Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery) (Kennedy et al., 2010). Results contribute to a further understanding of the post-fire evolution in forestry areas and to develop effective strategies for sustainable forest management.
Life Prediction of Phosphor Bronze Reinforcing Tape Used in Underground Power Cables
Authors: Zhou Hang , Gnanasambandam Sivashangari , Foresta Maurizio , Li Fan , Blanc Michelle Le , Weston David , Pan Jingzhe
Published: December 2017

Phosphor bronze tape is a key protection component of underground power transmission cables. During the service life, it is affected by both corrosion and fatigue effects, leading to the failure of material and eventually the failure of cables. In the present work, the combined effect on the cable failure is studied in five stages: pit initiation, pitting corrosion control, pit-crack transfer, crack propagation control, and material failure. The cable time to failure is defined as the time needed for a corrosion pit on the tape surface to transfer into a crack resulting from a cyclic fatigue load condition. The pit-crack transfer is described statistically by a pitting corrosion to crack propagation transfer probability function. The result shows that a life prediction model can convey the long-term data of cables and can predict the years of failure. Subsequently, the life prediction model is extended and tested to include crack transfer probability function.
WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over south Asia during the pre-monsoon: effects of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Amit , Ojha Narendra , Pozzer Andrea , Mar Kathleen A. , Beig Gufran , Lelieveld Jos , Gunthe Sachin S.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We evaluate numerical simulations of surface ozone mixing ratios over the south Asian region during the pre-monsoon season, employing three different emission inventories in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) with the second-generation Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM2) chemical mechanism: the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research – Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (EDGAR-HTAP), the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment phase B (INTEX-B) and the Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC4RS). Evaluation of diurnal variability in modelled ozone compared to observational data from 15 monitoring stations across south Asia shows the model ability to reproduce the clean, rural and polluted urban conditions over this region. In contrast to the diurnal average, the modelled ozone mixing ratios during noontime, i.e. hours of intense photochemistry (11:30–16:30 IST – Indian Standard Time – UTC +5:30), are found to differ among the three inventories. This suggests that evaluations of the modelled ozone limited to 24 h average are insufficient to assess uncertainties associated with ozone buildup. HTAP generally shows 10–30 ppbv higher noontime ozone mixing ratios than SEAC4RS and INTEX-B, especially over the north-west Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), central India and southern India. The HTAP simulation repeated with the alternative Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical mechanism showed even more strongly enhanced surface ozone mixing ratios due to vertical mixing of enhanced ozone that has been produced aloft. Our study indicates the need to also evaluate the O3 precursors across a network of stations and the development of high-resolution regional inventories for the anthropogenic emissions over south Asia accounting for year-to-year changes to further reduce uncertainties in modelled ozone over this region.
Further evidence for CCN aerosol concentrations determining the height of warm rain and ice initiation in convective clouds over the Amazon basin
Authors: Braga Ramon Campos , Rosenfeld Daniel , Weigel Ralf , Jurkat Tina , Andreae Meinrat O. , Wendisch Manfred , Pöschl Ulrich , Voigt Christiane , Mahnke Christoph , Borrmann Stephan , Albrecht Rachel I. , Molleker Sergej , Vila Daniel A. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Grulich Lucas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We have investigated how aerosols affect the height above cloud base of rain and ice hydrometeor initiation and the subsequent vertical evolution of cloud droplet size and number concentrations in growing convective cumulus. For this purpose we used in situ data of hydrometeor size distributions measured with instruments mounted on HALO aircraft during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign over the Amazon during September 2014. The results show that the height of rain initiation by collision and coalescence processes (Dr, in units of meters above cloud base) is linearly correlated with the number concentration of droplets (Nd in cm−3) nucleated at cloud base (Dr ≈ 5 ⋅ Nd). Additional cloud processes associated with Dr, such as GCCN, cloud, and mixing with ambient air and other processes, produce deviations of  ∼  21 % in the linear relationship, but it does not mask the clear relationship between Dr and Nd, which was also found at different regions around the globe (e.g., Israel and India). When Nd exceeded values of about 1000 cm−3, Dr became greater than 5000 m, and the first observed precipitation particles were ice hydrometeors. Therefore, no liquid water raindrops were observed within growing convective cumulus during polluted conditions. Furthermore, the formation of ice particles also took place at higher altitudes in the clouds in polluted conditions because the resulting smaller cloud droplets froze at colder temperatures compared to the larger drops in the unpolluted cases. The measured vertical profiles of droplet effective radius (re) were close to those estimated by assuming adiabatic conditions (rea), supporting the hypothesis that the entrainment and mixing of air into convective clouds is nearly inhomogeneous. Additional CCN activation on aerosol particles from biomass burning and air pollution reduced re below rea, which further inhibited the formation of raindrops and ice particles and resulted in even higher altitudes for rain and ice initiation.
The vapor pressure over nano-crystalline ice
Authors: Nachbar Mario , Duft Denis , Leisner Thomas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Crystallization of amorphous solid water (ASW) is known to form nano-crystalline ice. The influence of the nanoscale crystallite size on physical properties like the vapor pressure is relevant for processes where crystallization of amorphous ices occurs e.g. in interstellar ices or cold ice cloud formation in planetary atmospheres, but up to now not well understood. Here, we present laboratory measurements on the saturation vapor pressure over nano-crystalline ice between 135 K and 190 K. Below 160 K, where nano-crystalline ice is known to be metastable for extended periods, we obtain a saturation vapor pressure that is 100 % to 200 % higher compared to stable hexagonal ice. This elevated vapor pressure is in striking contrast to the vapor pressure of stacking disordered ice which is expected to be the prevailing ice polymorph at these temperatures with a vapor pressure at most 18 % higher than that of hexagonal ice. This apparent discrepancy can be reconciled by assuming that nanoscale crystallites with mean diameter between 7 nm and 19 nm form in the crystallization process of ASW. The high curvature of these nano-crystallites results in a vapor pressure increase which can be described by the Kelvin equation. Our measurements show, that at temperatures up to 160 K, ASW is the first solid form of ice deposited from the vapor phase and that nano-crystalline ice forms thereafter by crystallization within the ASW matrix. The size of the nano-crystallites remains stable for hours below 160 K and thus nano-crystalline ice may be regarded as an independent phase for many atmospheric processes below 160 K. We parameterize the vapor pressure of nano-crystalline ice using a constant Gibbs free energy difference of (982 ± 182) J mol−1 relative to hexagonal ice.
A global perspective on atmospheric blocking using GPS radio occultation – one decade of observations
Authors: Brunner Lukas , Steiner Andrea K.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric blocking represents a weather pattern where a stationary high-pressure system weakens or reverses the climatological westerly flow at mid-latitudes for up to several weeks. It is closely connected to strong anomalies in key atmospheric variables such as geopotential height, temperature, and humidity. Here we provide, for the first time, a comprehensive, global perspective on atmospheric blocking and related impacts by using an observation-based data set from Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) from 2006 to 2016. The main blocking regions in both hemispheres and seasonal variations are found to be represented well in RO data. The effect of blocking on vertically resolved temperature and humidity anomalies in the troposphere and lower stratosphere is investigated for blocking regions in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. We find a statistically significant correlation of blocking with positive temperature anomalies, exceeding 3 K in the troposphere, and a reversal above the tropopause with negative temperature anomalies below −3 K in the lower stratosphere. Specific humidity is positively correlated with temperature throughout the troposphere with larger anomalies revealed in the Southern Hemisphere. At the eastern and equatorward side of the investigated blocking regions, a band of tropospheric cold anomalies reveals advection of cold air by anticyclonic motion around blocking highs, which is less distinct in the Southern Hemisphere due to stronger zonal flow. We find GPS RO to be a promising new data set for blocking research that gives insight into the vertical atmospheric structure, especially in light of the expected increase in data coverage that future missions will provide.
Feasibility study of multi-pixel retrieval of optical thickness and droplet effective radius of inhomogeneous clouds using deep learning
Authors: Okamura Rintaro , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Schmidt K. Sebastian
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3-D) radiative-transfer effects are a major source of retrieval errors in satellite-based optical remote sensing of clouds. The challenge is that 3-D effects manifest themselves across multiple satellite pixels, which traditional single-pixel approaches cannot capture. In this study, we present two multi-pixel retrieval approaches based on deep learning, a technique that is becoming increasingly successful for complex problems in engineering and other areas. Specifically, we use deep neural networks (DNNs) to obtain multi-pixel estimates of cloud optical thickness and column-mean cloud droplet effective radius from multispectral, multi-pixel radiances. The first DNN method corrects traditional bispectral retrievals based on the plane-parallel homogeneous cloud assumption using the reflectances at the same two wavelengths. The other DNN method uses so-called convolutional layers and retrieves cloud properties directly from the reflectances at four wavelengths. The DNN methods are trained and tested on cloud fields from large-eddy simulations used as input to a 3-D radiative-transfer model to simulate upward radiances. The second DNN-based retrieval, sidestepping the bispectral retrieval step through convolutional layers, is shown to be more accurate. It reduces 3-D radiative-transfer effects that would otherwise affect the radiance values and estimates cloud properties robustly even for optically thick clouds.
Analytic solutions for Long's equation and its generalization
Authors: Humi Mayer
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Two-dimensional, steady-state, stratified, isothermal atmospheric flow over topography is governed by Long's equation. Numerical solutions of this equation were derived and used by several authors. In particular, these solutions were applied extensively to analyze the experimental observations of gravity waves. In the first part of this paper we derive an extension of this equation to non-isothermal flows. Then we devise a transformation that simplifies this equation. We show that this simplified equation admits solitonic-type solutions in addition to regular gravity waves. These new analytical solutions provide new insights into the propagation and amplitude of gravity waves over topography.