bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review and Analysis of Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Transient Modeling for Flow Rate and Temperature Variations
Authors: Gao Tianyi , Geer James , Sammakia Bahgat
Published: August 2015

Heat exchangers are important facilities that are widely used in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. For example, heat exchangers are the primary units used in the design of the heat transfer loops of cooling systems for data centers. The performance of a heat exchanger strongly influences the thermal performance of the entire cooling system. The prediction of transient phenomenon of heat exchangers is of increasing interest in many application areas. In this work, a dynamic thermal model for a cross flow heat exchanger is solved numerically in order to predict the transient response under step changes in the fluid mass flow rate and the fluid inlet temperature. Transient responses of both the primary and secondary fluid outlet temperatures are characterized under different scenarios, including fluid mass flow rate change and a combination of changes in the fluid inlet temperature and the mass flow rate. In the ε-NTU (number of transfer units) method, the minimum capacity, denoted by Cmin, is the smaller of Ch and Cc. Due to a mass flow rate change, Cmin may vary from one fluid to another fluid. The numerical procedure and transient response regarding the case of varying Cmin are investigated in detail in this study. A review and comparison of several journal articles related to the similar topic are performed. Several sets of data available in the literatures which are in error are studied and analyzed in detail.
Assessment of Cavitation Models for Flows in Diesel Injectors With Single- and Two-Fluid Approaches
Authors: Saha Kaushik , Li Xianguo
Published: August 2015

Several recent cavitation models for the analysis of two-phase flows in diesel injectors with single- and two-fluid modeling approaches have been evaluated, including the Saha–Abu-Ramandan–Li (SAL), Schnerr–Sauer (SS), and Zwart–Gerber–Belamri (ZGB) models. The SAL model is a single-fluid model, while the other two models have been implemented with both single- and two-fluid approaches. Numerical predictions are compared with experimental results available in literature, qualitatively with experimental images of two-phase flow in an optically accessible nozzle, and quantitatively with measured mass flow rates and velocity profiles. It is found that at low injection pressure differentials there can be considerable discrepancy in the predictions of the vapor distribution from the three models considered. This discrepancy is reduced as the injection pressure differential is increased. Implementation of the SS and ZGB models with single- and two- fluid approaches yields noticeable differences in the results because of the relative velocity between the two phases, with two-fluid approach providing better agreement with experimental results. The performance of the SS and ZGB models implemented with the two-fluid approach is comparable with the SAL single-fluid model, but with significantly more computational time. Overall, the SAL single-fluid model performs comparatively better with respect to the other two models.
Lossless layout image compression algorithms for electron-beam direct-write lithography
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra , Luo Yao , Savari Serap A. , McCay Roger
Published: August 2015

Electron-beam direct-write lithography systems must in the future transmit terabits of information per second to be viable for commercial semiconductor manufacturing. Lossless layout image compression algorithms with high decoding throughputs and modest decoding resources are tools to address the data transfer portion of the throughput problem. The earlier lossless layout image compression algorithm Corner2 is designed for binary layout images on raster-scanning systems. The authors propose variations of Corner2 collectively called Corner2-EPC and Paeth-EPC which apply to electron-beam proximity corrected layout images and offer interesting trade-offs between compression ratios and decoding speeds. Most of our algorithms achieve better overall compression performance than portable network graphics, Block C4, and LineDiffEntropy while having low decoding times and resources.
Science and engineering of nanodiamond particle surfaces for biological applications (Review)
Authors: Shenderova Olga A. , McGuire Gary E.
Published: August 2015

Diamond has outstanding bulk properties such as super hardness, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, luminescence, to name just a few. In the nanoworld, in order to exploit these outstanding bulk properties, the surfaces of nanodiamond (ND) particles must be accordingly engineered for specific applications. Modification of functional groups on the ND's surface and the corresponding electrostatic properties determine their colloidal stability in solvents, formation of photonic crystals, controlled adsorption and release of cargo molecules, conjugation with biomolecules and polymers, and cellular uptake. The optical activity of the luminescent color centers in NDs depends on their proximity to the ND's surface and surface termination. In order to engineer the ND surface, a fundamental understanding of the specific structural features and sp3–sp2 phase transformations on the surface of ND particles is required. In the case of ND particles produced by detonation of carbon containing explosives (detonation ND), it should also be taken into account that its structure depends on the synthesis parameters and subsequent processing. Thus, for development of a strategy of surface modification of detonation ND, it is imperative to know details of its production. In this review, the authors discuss ND particles structure, strategies for surface modification, electrokinetic properties of NDs in suspensions, and conclude with a brief overview of the relevant bioapplications.
Poor phonetic perceivers are affected by cognitive load when resolving talker variability
Authors: Antoniou Mark , Wong Patrick C. M.
Published: August 2015

Speech training paradigms aim to maximise learning outcomes by manipulating external factors such as talker variability. However, not all individuals may benefit from such manipulations because subject-external factors interact with subject-internal ones (e.g., aptitude) to determine speech perception and/or learning success. In a previous tone learning study, high-aptitude individuals benefitted from talker variability, whereas low-aptitude individuals were impaired. Because increases in cognitive load have been shown to hinder speech perception in mixed-talker conditions, it has been proposed that resolving talker variability requires cognitive resources. This proposal leads to the hypothesis that low-aptitude individuals do not use their cognitive resources as efficiently as those with high aptitude. Here, high- and low-aptitude subjects identified pitch contours spoken by multiple talkers under high and low cognitive load conditions established by a secondary task. While high-aptitude listeners outperformed low-aptitude listeners across load conditions, only low-aptitude listeners were impaired by increased cognitive load. The findings suggest that low-aptitude listeners either have fewer available cognitive resources or are poorer at allocating attention to the signal. Therefore, cognitive load is an important factor when considering individual differences in speech perception and training paradigms.
Conventional, Bayesian, and Modified Prony's methods for characterizing fast and slow waves in equine cancellous bone
Authors: Groopman Amber M. , Katz Jonathan I. , Holland Mark R. , Fujita Fuminori , Matsukawa Mami , Mizuno Katsunori , Wear Keith A. , Miller James G.
Published: August 2015

Conventional, Bayesian, and the modified least-squares Prony's plus curve-fitting (MLSP + CF) methods were applied to data acquired using 1 MHz center frequency, broadband transducers on a single equine cancellous bone specimen that was systematically shortened from 11.8 mm down to 0.5 mm for a total of 24 sample thicknesses. Due to overlapping fast and slow waves, conventional analysis methods were restricted to data from sample thicknesses ranging from 11.8 mm to 6.0 mm. In contrast, Bayesian and MLSP + CF methods successfully separated fast and slow waves and provided reliable estimates of the ultrasonic properties of fast and slow waves for sample thicknesses ranging from 11.8 mm down to 3.5 mm. Comparisons of the three methods were carried out for phase velocity at the center frequency and the slope of the attenuation coefficient for the fast and slow waves. Good agreement among the three methods was also observed for average signal loss at the center frequency. The Bayesian and MLSP + CF approaches were able to separate the fast and slow waves and provide good estimates of the fast and slow wave properties even when the two wave modes overlapped in both time and frequency domains making conventional analysis methods unreliable.
Slow sound in lined flow ducts
Authors: Aurégan Yves , Pagneux Vincent
Published: August 2015

The acoustic propagation in lined flow duct with purely reactive impedance at the wall is considered. This reacting liner has the capability to reduce the speed of sound, and thus to enhance the interaction between the acoustic propagation and the low Mach number flow (M≃0.3). At the lower frequencies, there are typically four acoustic or hydrodynamic propagating modes, with three of them propagating in the direction of the flow. Above a critical frequency, there are only two propagating modes that all propagate in the direction of the flow. From the exact two-dimensional formulation an approximate one-dimensional model is developed to study the scattering of acoustic waves in a straight duct with varying wall impedance. This simple system, with a uniform flow and with non-uniform liner impedance at the wall, permits to study the scattering between regions with different wave characteristics. Several situations are characterized to show the importance of negative energy waves, strong interactions between acoustic and hydrodynamic modes, or asymmetric scattering.
Compressed sensing for wideband wavenumber tracking in dispersive shallow water
Authors: Le Courtois Florent , Bonnel Julien
Published: August 2015

In shallow water zones and at low frequency, seabed and water column properties can be estimated from the acoustic wavenumbers using inversion algorithms. When considering horizontal line arrays (HLA) and narrowband sources, the wavenumbers can be evaluated with classic spectral analysis methods. In this paper, a compressed sensing (CS) method for sparse recovery of the wavenumbers is proposed. This takes advantage of the few propagating modes and allows for spectral estimation when short HLA are used. The CS representation improves the wavenumber estimation, compared to the Fourier transform. However, for small arrays and several propagating modes, the CS generates interferences and does not allow proper wavenumber estimation. When considering broadband sources, it is possible to combine the wavenumbers estimated at several frequencies in order to build a frequency-wavenumber (f − k) representation. In this case, a post-processing tracking operation which improves the f − k resolution is presented. This relies on a general approach of waveguide physics and uses a particle filtering (PF) algorithm to track the wavenumbers. The consecutive use of CS and PF leads to a better wavenumber estimation. This methodology can be used for sources that are not at an end-fire position. It is illustrated by simulations and successfully applied on the Shallow Water 2006 data using the 32 sensor SHARK array.
The Relationship Between Postural Control and Self-Reported Engagement in Physical Activity in Young and Older Age
Authors: Wojciechowska-Maszkowska Bożena , Borzucka Dorota , Rogowska Aleksandra Maria , Kuczyński Michał
Published: August 2015

Physical activity is known to have beneficial effects on a host of factors related to physical and mental health, and positively affects postural control. However, there is no agreement on which measures of postural control and to what extent they are dependent on the past and present physical activity in older adults. To answer this question we compared the postural performance in a 20-s quiet stance with eyes open on a Kistler force plate in 38 subjects, aged 60–92, who were formerly and are currently physically active (AA) with those who were always inactive (II) and those who were either formerly (AI) or are currently (IA) active. Results indicated that only current activity promoted better postural control while former activity was ineffective. Postural control in AA and IA was very similar and much better than in II and AI who, in contrast, displayed similarly deteriorated postural control.
Relationship Between Self-Reported Doping Behavior and Psychosocial Factors in Adult Amateur Cyclists
Authors: Zabala Mikel , Morente-Sánchez Jaime , Mateo-March Manuel , Sanabria Daniel
Published: August 2015

This study addresses performance-enhancement drug (PED) consumption in amateur sport by investigating the relationship between psychosocial factors and PED use in amateur cyclists. Participants were asked whether they had ever taken PED. They were also asked whether they had any experience in competitive cycling, and the degree to which they participated in the event with a competitive aim. In addition, they completed the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and a bespoke self-efficacy questionnaire, and they rated the percentage of cyclists they believed took PED. Between-groups comparisons and two multiple regression analyses were performed. Overall, the results of our study point to adult amateur cyclists in general, and amateur cyclists with experience in competition in particular, as groups at risk for PED use. This study highlights the value of measuring psychosocial variables as a tool to assess PED use, a current issue at both sport performance and health levels.
Automated identification of abnormal respiratory ciliary motion in nasal biopsies
Authors: Quinn Shannon P. , Zahid Maliha J. , Durkin John R. , Francis Richard J. , Lo Cecilia W. , Chennubhotla S. Chakra
Published: August 2015

An objective, computational method to quantitatively identify ciliary motion in digital videos of cells from patients with ciliopathies can be used for diagnosis.
Results of a preclinical randomized controlled multicenter trial (pRCT): Anti-CD49d treatment for acute brain ischemia
Authors: Llovera Gemma , Hofmann Kerstin , Roth Stefan , Salas-Pérdomo Angelica , Ferrer-Ferrer Maura , Perego Carlo , Zanier Elisa R. , Mamrak Uta , Rex Andre , Party Hélène , Agin Véronique , Fauchon Claudine , Orset Cyrille , Haelewyn Benoît , De Simoni Maria-Grazia , Dirnagl Ulrich , Grittner Ulrike , Planas Anna M. , Plesnila Nikolaus , Vivien Denis , Liesz Arthur
Published: August 2015

A multicenter preclinical, randomized, controlled trial (pRCT) of a potential stroke treatment in mice demonstrates the feasibility of performing clinical trial–like investigations in animal models.
Structure-based drug design identifies polythiophenes as antiprion compounds
Authors: Herrmann Uli S. , Schütz Anne K. , Shirani Hamid , Huang Danzhi , Saban Dino , Nuvolone Mario , Li Bei , Ballmer Boris , Åslund Andreas K. O. , Mason Jeffrey J. , Rushing Elisabeth , Budka Herbert , Nyström Sofie , Hammarström Per , Böckmann Anja , Caflisch Amedeo , Meier Beat H. , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Hornemann Simone , Aguzzi Adriano
Published: August 2015

The targeted chemical design of luminescent conjugated polythiophenes may yield new therapeutic compounds for treating prion diseases.
Shining a light on stem cell biology
Authors: Parekkadan Biju
Published: August 2015

Human stem cell lines were engineered to have time-controlled knockout of multiple genes.
Measuring the cart before the horse: A new biomarker for Huntington’s disease
Authors: Statland Jeffrey
Published: August 2015

Alterations in brain phosphodiesterase 10A are visible by brain imaging in people who carry the mutant gene for Huntington’s disease but do not yet show signs of disease.
Small cell lung cancer in profile
Authors: Thomas Anish
Published: August 2015

Genetic sequencing of 110 small cell lung cancers uncovers key biological processes in this highly lethal cancer.
Vibrio cholerae CsrA Regulates ToxR Levels in Response to Amino Acids and Is Essential for Virulence
Authors: Mey Alexandra R. , Butz Heidi A. , Payne Shelley M.
Published: August 2015

ToxR is a major virulence gene regulator in
Vibrio cholerae
. Although constitutively expressed under many laboratory conditions, our previous work demonstrated that the level of ToxR increases significantly when cells are grown in the presence of the 4 amino acids asparagine, arginine, glutamate, and serine (NRES). We show here that the increase in ToxR production in response to NRES requires the Var/Csr global regulatory circuit. The VarS/VarA two-component system controls the amount of active CsrA, a small RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes. Our data show that a
varA
mutant, which is expected to overproduce active CsrA, had elevated levels of ToxR in the absence of the NRES stimulus. Conversely, specific amino acid substitutions in CsrA were associated with defects in ToxR production in response to NRES. These data indicate that CsrA is a positive regulator of ToxR levels. Unlike previously described effects of CsrA on virulence gene regulation, the effects of CsrA on ToxR were not mediated through quorum sensing and HapR. CsrA is likely essential in
V. cholerae
, since a complete deletion of
csrA
was not possible; however, point mutations in CsrA were tolerated well. The CsrA Arg6His mutant had wild-type growth
in vitro
but was severely attenuated in the infant mouse model of
V. cholerae
infection, showing that CsrA is critical for pathogenesis. This study has broad implications for our understanding of how
V. cholerae
integrates its response to environmental cues with the regulation of important virulence genes.

IMPORTANCE
In order to colonize the human host,
Vibrio cholerae
must sense and respond to environmental signals to ensure appropriate expression of genes required for pathogenesis. Uncovering how
V. cholerae
senses its environment and activates its virulence gene repertoire is critical for our understanding of how
V. cholerae
transitions from its natural aquatic habitat to the human host. Here we demonstrate a previously unknown link between the global regulator CsrA and the major
V. cholerae
virulence gene regulator ToxR. The role of CsrA in the cell is to receive input from the environment and coordinate an appropriate cellular response. By linking environmental sensing to the ToxR regulon, CsrA effectively acts as a switch that controls pathogenesis in response to specific signals. We demonstrate that CsrA is critical for virulence in the infant mouse model of
V. cholerae
infection, consistent with its role as an
in vivo
regulator of virulence gene expression.
Early diagnosis of Canavan syndrome: how can we get there?
Authors: De Bernardo Giuseppe , Giordano Maurizio , Sordino Desiree , Buono Salvatore
Published: August 2015

Canavan syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by progressive severe leukodystrophy involving the degeneration of white matter. Currently, there is no effective therapy, but after recent studies using early gene therapy, the outcome has appeared to improve. It is of fundamental importance to recognise signs of neonatal Canavan syndrome early on. We describe a case of neonatal Canavan syndrome in which diagnosis was made only at the fourth month of age.
Foreign bodies in the abdomen: self-harm and personality disorders
Authors: Dunphy Louise , Syed Farah , Raja Mazhar
Published: August 2015

A 52-year-old woman presented to the accident and emergency department 5 h after deliberately stabbing herself with two pens through her midline laparotomy scar. Her medical history included an emotionally unstable (borderline) personality disorder and she was currently an inpatient in a psychiatric hospital. She had multiple accident and emergency attendances with previous episodes of self-harm. Clinical examination revealed evidence of trauma to her midline laparotomy scar with congealed blood covering the puncture site. Her abdomen was soft and non-tender on palpation. A chest radiograph revealed no air beneath her diaphragm and her abdominal radiograph identified a radiopacity in her upper right abdomen and dilated loops of small bowel. CT of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed two pens, with the lower pen tip reaching the pancreas. A midline laparotomy was performed and both foreign bodies were extricated unremarkably. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful. The second case involves a 22-year-old woman, a psychiatric hospital resident, presenting to the accident and emergency department 5 h after deliberately inserting the metal nib and inner plastic ink containing tube of a pen through her umbilicus. Her medical history included an emotionally unstable (borderline) personality disorder and paranoid schizophrenia. She had multiple accident and emergency department attendances with previous episodes of self-harm. Clinical examination revealed a soft, non-tender abdomen. Her chest radiograph was unremarkable and her abdominal radiograph identified a radiopaque foreign body at the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. CT of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed a metallic foreign body in the small bowel mesentery. An exploratory laparotomy converted to a midline laparotomy was performed and the foreign body was extricated. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful.
An unusual case of abdominal sepsis following traumatic injury
Authors: Ellington Matt
Published: August 2015

A 19-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with crampy abdominal pain and per rectal bleeding 2 weeks after falling from a horse. She had been taking regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for analgaesia. On arrival, she was tachycardic and tachypnoeic, with a lactate of 7.3 mmol/L. ‘FAST’ ultrasonography was unremarkable and CT scan showed thickened wall of the transverse colon. She underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, which demonstrated “patchy inflammation and an isolated area of severe deep ulceration with nodularity and oedema”. A presumptive diagnosis of “Inflammatory Bowel Disease—likely Crohn’s”, was made, and treated accordingly with steroids and Pentasa. Two months following discharge, the patient underwent a colonoscopy, showing a normal colon, however, “a few ulcers in the terminal ileum” were seen. She was seen by a gastroenterologist who deemed the most likely diagnosis to be NSAID-induced terminal ileitis and colitis. Having stopped the offending NSAID (and steroids), she has now made a full recovery.
A case–control study of occupational contact levels in the childhood leukaemia cluster at Seascale, Cumbria, UK
Authors: Kinlen Leo J
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To investigate adult occupational contact levels and risk of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LNHL) in Seascale, an association found in other situations of rural population mixing (PM).

Design

Matched case–control study.

Setting

Seascale, Cumbria, UK.

Participants

For each case of LNHL recorded in patients under age 25 years during 1950–2006, up to 20 matched controls were chosen and parental occupational details obtained; an exception was a single working young adult, whose own occupation (and that of controls) was used.

Primary outcome measures

Contact levels of occupations were categorised as: low/medium (reference group), high or very high contact levels, as in previous studies, with provision for certain unusual occupations. In particular, specialist policemen responsible for security and access at the nearby Sellafield nuclear complex were allocated to the highest contact category, and those Sellafield employees who worked in controlled areas to the middle (high) category. Since of possible bias, unusual contact aspects noted in the main research and development (R&D) building were reserved for a supplementary analysis. ORs were calculated for the occupational contact levels.

Results

Compared to the reference group, the social class adjusted ORs for the high and very high contact categories were 8.18 (95% CI 0.95 to 70.33) and 14.90 (1.20 to 184.90), respectively, with a significant trend across the categories (p value=0.024). In the supplementary analysis with R&D workers moved to the very high contact category, the OR for the latter became 29.68 (2.12 to 415.79), and the p value for trend, 0.011.

Conclusions

The Seascale LNHL excess was most marked among those young people linked with high occupational contact levels; it is therefore not an exception to the pattern of family infection shown by other PM-related excesses. The findings have implications for the choice of controls in certain types of virus study.
Comparing model predictions for ecosystem-based management
Authors: Jacobsen Nis S. , Essington Timothy E. , Andersen Ken H.
Published: August 2015

Ecosystem modeling is becoming an integral part of fisheries management, but there is a need to identify differences between predictions derived from models employed for scientific and management purposes. Here, we compared two models: a biomass-based food-web model (Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE)) and a size-structured fish community model. The models were compared with respect to predicted ecological consequences of fishing to identify commonalities and differences in model predictions for the California Current fish community. We compared the models regarding direct and indirect responses to fishing on one or more species. The size-based model predicted a higher fishing mortality needed to reach maximum sustainable yield than EwE for most species. The size-based model also predicted stronger top-down effects of predator removals than EwE. In contrast, EwE predicted stronger bottom-up effects of forage fisheries removal. In both cases, the differences are due to the presumed degree of trophic overlap between juveniles of large-bodied fish and adult stages of forage fish. These differences highlight how each model’s emphasis on distinct details of ecological processes affects its predictions, underscoring the importance of incorporating knowledge of model assumptions and limitation, possibly through using model ensembles, when providing model-based scientific advice to policy makers.
Genome-wide association for heifer reproduction and calf performance traits in beef cattle
Authors: Akanno Everestus C. , Plastow Graham , Fitzsimmons Carolyn , Miller Stephen P. , Baron Vern , Ominski Kimberly , Basarab John A.
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to identify SNP markers that associate with variation in beef heifer reproduction and performance of their calves. A genome-wide association study was performed by means of the generalized quasi-likelihood score (GQLS) method using heifer genotypes from the BovineSNP50 BeadChip and estimated breeding values for pre-breeding body weight (PBW), pregnancy rate (PR), calving difficulty (CD), age at first calving (AFC), calf birth weight (BWT), calf weaning weight (WWT), and calf pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG). Data consisted of 785 replacement heifers from three Canadian research herds, namely Brandon Research Centre, Brandon, Manitoba, University of Alberta Roy Berg Kinsella Ranch, Kinsella, Alberta, and Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta. After applying a false discovery rate correction at a 5% significance level, a total of 4, 3, 3, 9, 6, 2, and 1 SNPs were significantly associated with PBW, PR, CD, AFC, BWT, WWT, and ADG, respectively. These SNPs were located on chromosomes 1, 5–7, 9, 13–16, 19–21, 24, 25, and 27–29. Chromosomes 1, 5, and 24 had SNPs with pleiotropic effects. New significant SNPs that impact functional traits were detected, many of which have not been previously reported. The results of this study support quantitative genetic studies related to the inheritance of these traits, and provides new knowledge regarding beef cattle quantitative trait loci effects. The identification of these SNPs provides a starting point to identify genes affecting heifer reproduction traits and performance of their calves (BWT, WWT, and ADG). They also contribute to a better understanding of the biology underlying these traits and will be potentially useful in marker- and genome-assisted selection and management.
Wavelet frames on Vilenkin groups and their approximation properties
Authors: Farkov Yuri , Lebedeva Elena , Skopina Maria
Published: August 2015

An explicit description of all Walsh polynomials generating tight wavelet frames is given. An algorithm for finding the corresponding wavelet functions is suggested, and a general form for all wavelet frames generated by an appropriate Walsh polynomial is described. Approximation properties of tight wavelet frames are also studied. In contrast to the real setting, it appeared that a wavelet tight frame decomposition has an arbitrary large approximation order whenever all wavelet functions are compactly supported.
Congruence identities of regularized multiple zeta values involving a pair of index sets
Authors: Machide Tomoya
Published: August 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be the vector space spanned by multiple zeta values (MZVs) of weight [Formula: see text] and depth less than [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the subspace spanned by MZVs of weight [Formula: see text] and depth [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be the subspace given by the intersection of [Formula: see text] and the vector space spanned by products of MZVs. In the present paper, we prove congruence identities of regularized multiple zeta values involving a pair of index sets modulo [Formula: see text]. We also obtain a proof of the parity result, and a congruence sum formula for MZVs.
Isosteric Heat of Potential Confinement in the Hydrogen Storage Material
Authors: Bae Jaehyun , Jung Jong Hyun , Lee Yea-Lee , Hwang Jeongwoon , Kim Dongwook , Son Seungwook , Ihm Jisoon
Published: August 2015

In the hydrogen storage problem, if an attractive potential well is formed inside the void space of porous materials, the storage gas density is expected to increase significantly compared to the H2 gas density outside the material. Actually, the overall H2 density inside the material is enhanced basically by a Boltzmann factor of exp[[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]] where U ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0) is some averaged potential energy. Corresponding to this negative potential energy, latent heat is released in the H2 gas confinement process. We theoretically investigate the energetics involved during the H2 storage in the potential well and, from the equilibrium thermodynamic principles, we derive a formalism for the isosteric heat of potential confinement of the H2 gas. Since the gas density inside the potential well increases tremendously, the van der Waals equation is adopted to describe the nonideal gas behavior of H2. We compare our results to the well-known expression for the isosteric heat of adsorption where, unlike our case, the molecules are bound to specific adsorption sites in the material.
A collocation method for numerical solutions of fractional-order logistic population model
Authors: Yüzbaşı Şuayip
Published: August 2015

In this study, a collocation technique is presented for approximate solution of the fractional-order logistic population model. Actually, we develop the Bessel collocation method by using the fractional derivative in the Caputo sense to obtain the approximate solutions of this model problem. By means of the fractional derivative in the Caputo sense, the collocation points, the Bessel functions of the first kind, the method transforms the model problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Numerical applications are given to demonstrate efficiency and accuracy of the method. In applications, the reliability of the scheme is shown by the error function based on the accuracy of the approximate solution.
Room-temperature oxidation of gaseous HCHO over metal molybdate nanorods with Pt as co-catalysts
Authors: Zuo Gang , Chen Haibin , Yang Yu , Zhou Bowen , Xiao Han , Xiao Wei
Published: August 2015

High-efficiency, cost-affordable and environmentally sound catalysts are urgently needed for indoor air purification. Herein, we report the first investigation on room-temperature removal capabilities of AMoO 4 ( A = Ni and Co ) and derived molybdate– Pt composites with uniform nanorod morphology. The HCHO removal or oxidation capabilities and mechanisms are also compared and rationalized, which, we hope, can form a solid basis for potential applications of molybdate for indoor air purification.
On strict-double-bound numbers of caterpillars
Authors: Ogawa Kenjiro , Shiraki Yuhei , Tagusari Satoshi , Tsuchiya Morimasa
Published: August 2015

For a poset P = (X, ≤P), the strict-double-bound graph sDB (P) is the graph on X for which vertices u and v of sDB (P) are adjacent if and only if u ≠ v and there exist x and y in X distinct from u and v such that x ≤ P u ≤ P y and x ≤ P v ≤ P y. The strict-double-bound numberζ(G) of a graph G is defined as [Formula: see text] is a strict-double-bound graph}. We obtain that [Formula: see text] for a caterpillar Cat n(m,m,…,m)(n ≥ 3). We also have that for [Formula: see text]
Autochthonous v. accreted terrane development of continental margins: a revised
in situ
tectonic history of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Burton-Johnson A. , Riley T. R.
Published: August 2015

The allochthonous terrane accretion model previously proposed for the geological development of the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin arc is reviewed in light of recent data and the geology is reinterpreted as having evolved as an
in situ
continental arc. This is based upon the following factors: (1) the presence of Early Palaeozoic basement and stratigraphic correlation of sequences between the autochthonous and previously proposed allochthonous terranes; (2) isotopic evidence for similar deep crustal structure across the different terranes; (3) ocean island basalt magmas and deep marine sedimentary rocks formed during continental margin extension within the previously proposed accretionary wedge sequence (i.e. not formed against an active oceanic arc); (4) the distribution of magnetic susceptibility measurements and aeromagnetic data locating the palaeo-subduction zone along the west of the Peninsula; (5) a lack of clear palaeomagnetic distinction between the terranes. The following alternative tectonic history is proposed: (1) amalgamation and persistence of Gondwana; (2) subsequent silicic large igneous province magmatism and extension; (3) development and history of Andean subduction until its cessation in the Cenozoic. A number of features in the Antarctic Peninsula correlate with those of other circum-Pacific margins, supporting a global evaluation of allochthonous v. autochthonous margin development to aid our understanding of crustal growth mechanisms.
Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects
Authors: Fukami Tadashi
Published: August 2015

The order and timing of species immigration during community assembly can affect species abundances at multiple spatial scales. Known as priority effects, these effects cause historical contingency in the structure and function of communities, resulting in alternative stable states, alternative transient states, or compositional cycles. The mechanisms of priority effects fall into two categories, niche preemption and niche modification, and the conditions for historical contingency by priority effects can be organized into two groups, those regarding regional species pool properties and those regarding local population dynamics. Specifically, two requirements must be satisfied for historical contingency to occur: The regional pool contains species that can together cause priority effects, and local dynamics are rapid enough for early-arriving species to preempt or modify niches before other species arrive. Organizing current knowledge this way reveals an outstanding key question: How are regional species pools that yield priority effects generated and maintained?
The Sociolinguistics of Globalization: Standardization and Localization in the Context of Change
Authors: Johnstone Barbara
Published: August 2015

Linguistically, globalization has given rise to both homogenization and differentiation. Imperial conquest and standardization in the European nation-building tradition led to the spread of dominant languages and varieties and the creation of sometimes artificial linguistic boundaries. Standardization associated with nation-building continues, alongside new modes of standardization associated with capitalism. However, the factors that can lead to the reduction of diversity can also lead to its growth. The review sketches processes of linguistic localization associated with political change, tourism, migration and urbanization, and regional identification, and concludes with a detailed look at mechanisms and effects of standardization and localization in the history of Pittsburgh speech.
Time-Reversal Violation
Authors: Bernabéu José , Martínez-Vidal Fernando
Published: August 2015

The violation of CP symmetry between matter and antimatter in the neutral K and B meson systems is well established, with a high degree of consistency between all available experimental measurements and with the Standard Model of particle physics. On the basis of the up-to-now-unbroken CPT symmetry, the violation of CP symmetry strongly suggests that the behavior of these particles under weak interactions must also be asymmetric under time reversal T. Many searches for T violation have been performed and proposed using different observables and experimental approaches. These include T-odd observables, such as triple products in weak decays, and genuine observables, such as permanent electric dipole moments of nondegenerate stationary states and the breaking of the reciprocity relation. We discuss the conceptual basis of the required exchange of initial and final states with unstable particles, using quantum entanglement and the decay as a filtering measurement, for the case of neutral B and K mesons. Using this method, the BaBar experiment at SLAC has clearly observed T violation in B mesons.
Measurement of θ13
Authors: Kim Soo-Bong , Luk Kam-Biu
Published: August 2015

In the paradigm of three generations, neutrino mixing is described by three angles and a CP-violating phase. With the recent observation of electron antineutrino disappearance at baselines of 1 to 2 km from groups of reactors, the smallest neutrino mixing angle, θ13, has been unambiguously determined. The rather large value of θ13 enables the pursuit of CP violation and mass hierarchy in the neutrino sector. This review summarizes the progress of measurements of θ13 and highlights future prospects.
Roots Shaping Their Microbiome: Global Hotspots for Microbial Activity
Authors: Reinhold-Hurek Barbara , Bünger Wiebke , Burbano Claudia Sofía , Sabale Mugdha , Hurek Thomas
Published: August 2015

Land plants interact with microbes primarily at roots. Despite the importance of root microbial communities for health and nutrient uptake, the current understanding of the complex plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is still in its infancy. Roots provide different microhabitats at the soil-root interface: rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, and endorhizosphere. We discuss technical aspects of their differentiation that are relevant for the functional analysis of their different microbiomes, and we assess PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based methods to analyze plant-associated bacterial communities. Development of novel primers will allow a less biased and more quantitative view of these global hotspots of microbial activity. Based on comparison of microbiome data for the different root-soil compartments and on knowledge of bacterial functions, a three-step enrichment model for shifts in community structure from bulk soil toward roots is presented. To unravel how plants shape their microbiome, a major research field is likely to be the coupling of reductionist and molecular ecological approaches, particularly for specific plant genotypes and mutants, to clarify causal relationships in complex root communities.
Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Associated Viruses: A Unique Pathosystem
Authors: Naidu Rayapati A. , Maree Hans J. , Burger Johan T.
Published: August 2015

Grapevine leafroll is the most complex and intriguing viral disease of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Several monopartite closteroviruses (family Closteroviridae) from grapevines have been molecularly characterized, yet their role in disease etiology is not completely resolved. Hence, these viruses are currently designated under the umbrella term of Grapevine leafroll–associated viruses (GLRaVs). This review examines our current understanding of the genetically divergent GLRaVs and highlights the emerging picture of several unique aspects of the leafroll disease pathosystem. A systems biology approach using contemporary technologies in molecular biology, -omics, and cell biology aids in exploring the comparative molecular biology of GLRaVs and deciphering the complex network of host-virus-vector interactions to bridge the gap between genomics and phenomics of leafroll disease. In addition, grapevine-infecting closteroviruses have a great potential as designer viruses to pursue functional genomics and for the rational design of novel disease intervention strategies in this agriculturally important perennial fruit crop.
China's Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels and Market-Based Opportunities for Control
Authors: Auffhammer Maximilian , Gong Yazhen
Published: August 2015

In this article, we first review the history of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels for the People’s Republic of China (China). As Chinese regulators have announced efforts to directly regulate CO2 emissions, we review the history of institutions charged with climate regulation in China. Next we review China’s existing market-based approaches to emission control in the form of the world’s largest effluent fee system for air and water pollutants as well as seven pilot carbon markets. We conclude with a discussion of the issues and challenges ahead in adopting market-based instruments to regulate CO2 emissions in China.
Alterations in functional thalamocortical connectivity following neonatal whisker trimming with adult regrowth
Authors: Simons D. J. , Carvell G. E. , Kyriazi H. T.
Published: August 2015

Neonatal whisker trimming followed by adult whisker regrowth leads to higher responsiveness and altered receptive field properties of cortical neurons in corresponding layer 4 barrels. Studies of functional thalamocortical (TC) connectivity in normally reared adult rats have provided insights into how experience-dependent TC synaptic plasticity could impact the establishment of feedforward excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields. The present study employed cross-correlation analyses to investigate lasting effects of neonatal whisker trimming on functional connections between simultaneously recorded thalamic neurons and regular-spike (RS), presumed excitatory, and fast-spike (FS), presumed inhibitory, barrel neurons. We find that, as reported previously, RS and FS cells in whisker-trimmed animals fire more during the earliest phase of their whisker-evoked responses, corresponding to the arrival of TC inputs, despite a lack of change or even a slight decrease in the firing of thalamic cells that contact them. Functional connections from thalamus to cortex are stronger. The probability of finding TC-RS connections was twofold greater in trimmed animals and similar to the frequency of TC-FS connections in control and trimmed animals, the latter being unaffected by whisker trimming. Unlike control cases, trimmed RS units are more likely to receive inputs from TC units (TCUs) and have mismatched angular tuning and even weakly responsive TCUs make strong functional connections on them. Results indicate that developmentally appropriate tactile experience early in life promotes the differential thalamic engagement of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons that underlies normal barrel function.
Role of the Na+/H+exchanger 3 in angiotensin II-induced hypertension
Authors: Li Xiao C. , Shull Gary E. , Miguel-Qin Elisa , Zhuo Jia L.
Published: August 2015

The renal mechanisms responsible for angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension remain incompletely understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the Na+/H+exchanger 3 (NHE3) is required for ANG II-induced hypertension in mice. Five groups of wild-type ( Nhe3+/+) and Nhe3−/−mice were treated with vehicle or high pressor doses of ANG II (1.5 mg/kg/day ip, via minipump for 2 wk, or 10 pmol/min iv for 30 min). Under basal conditions, Nhe3−/−mice had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean intra-arterial pressure (MAP) ( P < 0.01), 24 h urine ( P < 0.05), urinary Na+( P < 0.01) and urinary K+excretion ( P < 0.01). In response to ANG II, SBP and MAP markedly increased in Nhe3+/+mice in a time-dependent manner, as expected ( P < 0.01). However, these acute and chronic pressor responses to ANG II were significantly attenuated in Nhe3−/−mice ( P < 0.01). Losartan blocked ANG II-induced hypertension in Nhe3+/+mice but induced marked mortality in Nhe3−/−mice. The attenuated pressor responses to ANG II in Nhe3−/−mice were associated with marked compensatory humoral and renal responses to genetic loss of intestinal and renal NHE3. These include elevated basal plasma ANG II and aldosterone and kidney ANG II levels, salt wasting from the intestines, increased renal AQP1, Na+/HCO3−, and Na+/K+-ATPase expression, and increased PKCα, mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3αβ signaling proteins in the proximal tubules ( P < 0.01). We concluded that NHE3 in proximal tubules of the kidney, along with NHE3 in intestines, is required for maintaining basal blood pressure as well as the full development of ANG II-induced hypertension.
Comparison of the Influences of Surface Texture and Boundary Slip on Tribological Performances
Authors: Lin Qiyin , Li Baotong
Published: August 2015

Close attentions have been widely paid to the engineering textured and slip surfaces for improving bearing tribological performances. Comparison studies on the tribological characteristics of slip and textured surfaces are carried out in this work. The analysis results point out that the influences of surface texture and boundary slip on tribological performances of slider bearing are strongly similar. For the determinate surface textures, there is one and only value of slip velocity to make the tribological performances of textured and slip surfaces in agreement. The corresponding relation between the slip velocity and the texture structure parameters is also obtained, and the size of slip velocity is directly related to the texture geometry parameters including its position parameters. This study will help us to further understand the relationship between boundary slip and surface texture and also the slip phenomenon.
Metastasis of Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma to the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Okutur Kerem , Eren Orhan Onder , Demir Gokhan
Published: August 2015

Although signet-ring cell (SRC) adenocarcinoma is commonly seen in the stomach, it is a very rarely seen histologic entity in the bladder. It is difficult to distinguish primary SRC adenocarcinoma of the bladder from bladder metastasis of SRC carcinoma of the stomach only based on histological findings. In such cases, clinical findings and immunohistochemical studies may be helpful. We present here a 48-year-old male patient presenting with hematuria and abdominal pain. Computerised tomography of the patient revealed a gastric mass, peritoneal involvement, and thickening of the bladder wall, and histopathological analysis revealed SRC adenocarcinoma in both of the endoscopic biopsies taken from the stomach and bladder. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of SRC adenocarcinoma of the bladder secondary to gastric cancer.