bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicentric investigation on the safety, feasibility and usability of the ABLE lower-limb robotic exoskeleton for individuals with spinal cord injury: a framework towards the standardisation of clinical evaluations
Authors: Wright Mark Andrew , Herzog Franziska , Mas-Vinyals Anna , Carnicero-Carmona Alfons , Lobo-Prat Joan , Hensel Cornelia , Franz Steffen , Weidner Norbert , Vidal Joan , Opisso Eloy , Rupp Rüdiger
Published: April 2023

Background

Robotic lower-limb exoskeletons have the potential to provide additional clinical benefits for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, high variability between protocols does not allow the comparison of study results on safety and feasibility between different exoskeletons. We therefore incorporated key aspects from previous studies into our study protocol and accordingly conducted a multicentre study investigating the safety, feasibility and usability of the ABLE Exoskeleton in clinical settings.

Methods

In this prospective pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study across two SCI centres in Germany and Spain, in- and outpatients with SCI were recruited into a 12-session training and assessment protocol, utilising the ABLE Exoskeleton. A follow-up visit after 4 weeks was included to assess after-training outcomes. Safety outcomes (device-related adverse events (AEs), number of drop-outs), feasibility and usability measures (level of assistance, donning/doffing-time) were recorded at every session together with changes in gait parameters and function. Patient-reported outcome measures including the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and the psychosocial impact of the device were performed. Satisfaction with the device was evaluated in both participants and therapists.

Results

All 24 participants (45 ± 12 years), with mainly subacute SCI (< 1 year after injury) from C5 to L3, (ASIA Impairment Scale A to D) completed the follow-up. In 242 training sessions, 8 device-related AEs (pain and skin lesions) were reported. Total time for don and doff was 6:50 ± 2:50 min. Improvements in level of assistance and gait parameters (time, steps, distance and speed, p < 0.05) were observed in all participants. Walking function and RPE improved in participants able to complete walking tests with (n = 9) and without (n = 6) the device at study start (p < 0.05). A positive psychosocial impact of the exoskeleton was reported and the satisfaction with the device was good, with best ratings in safety (participants), weight (therapists), durability and dimensions (both).

Conclusions

Our study results prove the feasibility of safe gait training with the ABLE Exoskeleton in hospital settings for persons with SCI, with improved clinical outcomes after training. Our study protocol allowed for consistent comparison of the results with other exoskeleton trials and can serve as a future framework towards the standardisation of early clinical evaluations.

Trial Registrationhttps://trialsearch.who.int/, DRKS00023503, retrospectively registered on November 18, 2020.
Retrospective file review shows limited genetic services fail most patients – an argument for the implementation of exome sequencing as a first-tier test in resource-constrained settings
Authors: Wiener Emma K. , Buchanan James , Krause Amanda , Lombard Zané ,   for the DDD-Africa Study, as members of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: April 2023

Background

Exome sequencing is recommended as a first-line investigation for patients with a developmental delay or intellectual disability. This approach has not been implemented in most resource-constraint settings, including Africa, due to the high cost of implementation. Instead, patients have limited access to services and testing options. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of a limited genetic testing strategy and contrast the findings to a conceivable outcome if exome sequencing were available instead.

Results

A retrospective audit of 934 patient files presenting to a medical genetics clinic in South Africa showed that 83% of patients presented with developmental delay as a clinical feature. Patients could be divided into three groups, representing distinct diagnostic pathways. Patient Group A (18%; mean test cost $131) were confirmed with aneuploidies, following a simple, inexpensive test. Patient Group B (25%; mean test cost $140) presented with clinically recognizable conditions but only 39% received a genetic diagnostic confirmation due to limited testing options. Patient Group C – the largest group (57%; mean test cost $337) – presented with heterogenous conditions and DD, and 92% remained undiagnosed after limited available testing was performed.

Conclusions

Patients with DD are the largest group of patients seen in medical genetics clinics in South Africa. When clinical features are not distinct, limited testing options drastically restricts diagnostic yield. A cost- and time analysis shows most patients would benefit from first-line exome sequencing, reducing their individual diagnostic odysseys.
Examination of gametocyte protein 22 localization and oocyst wall formation in Eimeria necatrix using laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Lele , Liu Dandan , Gao Yang , Hou Zhaofeng , Zhu Yu , Wang Feiyan , Li Wenjing , Zhang Amin , Xu Jinjun , Hu Junjie , Tao Jianping
Published: April 2023

Background

Eimeria parasite infection occurs via ingestion of oocysts. The robust, bilayer oocyst wall is formed from the contents of wall-forming bodies (WFBs), WFB1 and WFB2, located exclusively in macrogametocytes. Eimeria necatrix gametocyte proteins 22 and 59 (EnGAM22 and EnGAM59) have been found to localize to WFBs and the oocyst wall. However, the exact localization of these two proteins is not clear.

Methods

WFBs of E. necatrix were extracted from purified gametocytes using a cutoff filter and the extracts of purified WFBs and gametocytes were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. Then, the localization of EnGAM22 and EnGAM59 proteins was determined using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Finally, the development of macrogametocytes and the oocyst wall of E. necatrix was analyzed using laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Purified WFBs had the same shape and size as those observed in macrogametocytes. EnGAM22 protein localized to WFB1, whereas EnGAM59 protein localized to WFB2. Both EnGAM22 and EnGAM59 native proteins were detected in the extracts of WFBs and gametocytes. The outer layer of the oocyst wall was formed by the release of the contents of WFB1 at the surface of the macrogametocyte to form an anti-EnGAM22 positive layer. WFB2 then appeared to give rise to the inner layer, which was anti-EnGAM59 positive.

Conclusions

EnGAM22 and EnGAM59 proteins localized to WFB1 and WFB2 and were involved in the formation of the outer and inner layers of the oocyst wall of E. necatrix, respectively. The processes of macrogametogenesis and oocyst wall formation of E. necatrix are similar to other Eimeria parasites. The anti-EnGAM22 antibody could be used as a tool to track the transport and secretion of proteins in WFB1 during oocyst development.

Graphical Abstract
Hypercalcemia–leukocytosis syndrome from non-schistosomiasis-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chibuzo Ijeoma N. C. , Healy Rion , Hatimy Umi , Tang Vincent C.
Published: April 2023

Background

Non-schistosomiasis-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is less common in the Western world. Limited information on its possible paraneoplastic syndromes exists. Leukocytosis tends to commonly be regarded by clinicians as an indication of sepsis, rather than a feature of paraneoplasia, potential surrogate marker for recurrence, and prognostic marker. Accompanying hypercalcemia may be missed entirely.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old Caucasian man presented with visible painless hematuria and symptomatic hypercalcemia. Investigations revealed a squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with marked leukocytosis. Hypercalcemia and leukocytosis resolved following radical cystectomy, recurred with nodal recurrence and regressed with radiotherapeutic control. Subsequently, serum leukocyte and calcium assays were included in his follow-up protocol. His survival was 20 months by the time of the report.

Conclusion

This report highlights hypercalcemia–leukocytosis syndrome as a paraneoplastic manifestation of non-schistosomiasis-associated squamous cell carcinoma to reemphasize the need for clinicians to assay for calcium in the presence of leukocytosis in such patients. Prompt identification and control of the paraneoplastic derangements, with treatment of the cancer recurrence it may connote, is advocated to provide a chance for better long-term outcomes in these patients.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in rodent models of radiation-induced xerostomia and oral mucositis: a systematic review
Authors: Guan Zirui , Zhang Jiaxin , Jiang Nan , Tian Mingyan , Wang Hongyong , Liang Bing
Published: April 2023

Background

Radiation-induced xerostomia and oral mucositis are serious complications of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Current treatment options have limited efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has shown promising results in supporting the restoration of glandular secretion function and the regeneration of damaged tissues. This study aim to (1) assess the quality of evidence for MSCs treatment in rodent models of radiation-induced oral complications and (2) determine whether MSCs can improve the therapeutic effect of radiation-induced oral mucositis.

Methods

Intervention studies using MSCs in rodent models were comprehensively retrieved in the Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases on June 1, 2022. The quality of all in vivo experiments was assessed using SYRCLE, and this article is written following the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in this systematic review. The study found that in animal models of radiation-induced xerostomia, MSCs could increase salivary protein secretion, improve SFR, shorten the salivary lag time, anti-apoptosis, etc. In animal models of radiation-induced oral mucositis, MSCs improve the micromorphology and macromorphology of RIOM. Moreover, the effect of MSCs on the modification of ulcer duration and latency may be related to the time of MSCs transplantation but further studies are needed.

Conclusion

The results of our systematic review suggest that MSCs appeared to be effective in the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia and oral mucositis.

Graphical Abstract
Enhanced survival of hypoimmunogenic otic progenitors following intracochlear xenotransplantation: repercussions for stem cell therapy in hearing loss models
Authors: Andrade da Silva Luisa H. , Heuer Rachel A. , Roque Christian B. , McGuire Tammy L. , Hosoya Tomonori , Kimura Hironobu , Tamura Kouichi , Matsuoka Akihiro J.
Published: April 2023

Stem cell replacement holds the potential for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) treatment. However, its translation into clinical practice requires strategies for improving stem cell survival following intracochlear transplantation. Considering recent findings showing that the inner ear contains a resident population of immune cells, we hypothesized that immune evasion would improve the survival and residence time of transplanted stem cells in the cochlea, potentially leading to better outcomes. To test this, we leveraged genetic engineering techniques to develop hypoimmunogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hi-iPSC), which lack human leukocyte antigen expression. We found that gene editing does not affect the biological properties of hi-iPSCs, including their capacity to differentiate into otic neural progenitors (ONPs). Compared to wild-type ONPs, more hypoimmunogenic ONPs (derived from hi-iPSCs) were found in the inner ear of immunocompetent mice ten days following cochlear xenotransplantation. This approach may open a new avenue for experimental and clinical SNHL treatments.
Early discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives and associated factors among women discontinuing long-acting reversible contraceptives at national referral hospital, Kampala-Uganda; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bameka Agery , Kakaire Othman , Kaye Dan Kabonge , Namusoke Fatuma
Published: April 2023

Background

High levels of unmet need for contraception and unwanted pregnancies are high in developing countries despite efforts to reduce them. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are more than 99% effective in preventing pregnancy. Discontinuation of LARC within the first year of initiation contributes to the high levels of unmet need. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the first-year discontinuation of LARC at Kawempe National Referral hospital.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to June 2021. We consecutively recruited 354 participants who discontinued a LARC (intrauterine device {IUD} and sub-dermal implant) during the study period after informed written consent. Data on duration of use, reasons for discontinuation, and factors associated were collected using a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of client records. Early LARC discontinuation was defined as the termination of the contraception within the first 12 months of use. Data were entered using SPSS version 14/0 and analyzed in STATA version 15. Prevalence was expressed as a proportion while logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with early LARC discontinuation. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The proportion of first-year discontinuation of LARC was 29%. Women Age less than 25 years (OR = 5.07; 95% CI: 1.1–24.8) and those who desired a family size of fewer than four children (OR = 3.19; 95%CI: 1.2–8.7 ) were more likely to discontinue the LARC within 12 months of initiation after multivariate analysis. Method-related reasons for removal were painful menstrual cramps for implants, recurrent infections for IUDs, and a non-side effect reason was the desire to get pregnant.

Conclusion

A high proportion of women discontinue LARC within 12 months following initiation. Young adults and those who desire small families are more likely to have first-year discontinuation of LARC. We recommend age-specific counseling for patients receiving the LARC and further studies looking at the depth analysis of reasons for the first-year discontinuation.
Development of a micronucleus test using the EpiAirway™ organotypic human airway model
Authors: Munakata Satoru , Watanabe Taku , Takahashi Tomohiro , Kimuro Shiori , Ishimori Kanae , Hashizume Tsuneo
Published: April 2023

Background

The use of organotypic human tissue models in genotoxicity has increased as an alternative to animal testing. Genotoxicity is generally examined using a battery of in vitro assays such as Ames and micronucleus (MN) tests that cover gene mutations and structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. At the 7th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing, working group members agreed that the skin models have reached an advanced stage of maturity, while further efforts in liver and airway models are needed [Pfuhler et al., Mutat. Res. 850–851 (2020) 503135]. Organotypic human airway model is composed of fully differentiated and functional respiratory epithelium. However, because cell proliferation in organotypic airway models is thought to be less active, assessing their MN-inducing potential is an issue, even in the cytokinesis-blocking approach using cytochalasin B (CB) [Wang et al., Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 62 (2021) 306–318]. Here, we developed a MN test using EpiAirway™ in which epidermal growth factor (EGF) was included as a stimulant of cell division.

Results

By incubating EpiAirway™ tissue with medium containing various concentrations of CB, we found that the percentage of binucleated cells (%BNCs) almost plateaued at 3 μg/mL CB for 72 h incubation. Additionally, we confirmed that EGF stimulation with CB incubation produced an additional increase in %BNCs with a peak at 5 ng/mL EGF. Transepithelial electrical resistance measurement and tissue histology revealed that CB incubation caused the reduced barrier integrity and cyst formation in EpiAirway™. Adenylate kinase assay confirmed that the cytotoxicity increased with each day of culture in the CB incubation period with EGF stimulation. These results indicated that chemical treatment should be conducted prior to CB incubation. Under these experimental conditions, it was confirmed that the frequency of micronucleated cells was dose-dependently increased by apical applications of two clastogens, mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate, and an aneugen, colchicine, at the subcytotoxic concentrations assessed in %BNCs.

Conclusions

Well-studied genotoxicants demonstrated capability in an organotypic human airway model as a MN test system. For further utilization, investigations of aerosol exposure, repeating exposure protocol, and metabolic activation are required.
Economic burden of mental illness in Pakistan: an estimation for the year 2020 from existing evidence
Authors: Alvi Mohsin Hassan , Ashraf Tehmina , Kiran Tayyeba , Iqbal Nasir , Gumber Anil , Patel Anita , Husain Nusrat
Published: April 2023

This report is based on the extrapolation to 2020 of data on the economic burden of mental illnesses in Pakistan in 2006. Given the resultant estimated high economic burden of mental illness in the country (£2.97 billion in 2020), we advocate a revised budget allocation to mental healthcare. As a resource-scarce nation that is entangled in natural disasters, Pakistan needs cost-effective psychological interventions such as culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving training (C-MAP) for the prevention of self-harm and suicide and to move towards attaining the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although government has taken initiatives to support healthcare services (such as the Sehat Sahulat Program for universal health coverage), there is still a need to implement a cost-effective national digital model for mental healthcare such as the Agha Khan Development Network Digital Health Programme.
Impact of Adverse Gestational Milieu on Maternal Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Alkhatib Bashar , Salimi Shadi , Jabari Mary , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Vyas Arpita Kalla
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular disease affects 1% to 4% of the nearly 4 million pregnancies in the United States each year and is the primary cause of pregnancy-related mortality. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with cardiovascular complications during pregnancy persisting into the postpartum period. Recently, investigations have identified an altered sex hormone milieu, such as in the case of hyperandrogenism, as a causative factor in the development of gestational cardiovascular dysfunction. The mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in postpartum women are largely unknown. Animal studies have attempted to recapitulate adverse pregnancy outcomes to investigate causal relationships and molecular underpinnings of adverse gestational cardiac events and progression to the development of cardiovascular disease postpartum. This review will focus on summarizing clinical and animal studies detailing the impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and maternal obesity, on gestational cardiometabolic dysfunction and postpartum cardiovascular disease. Specifically, we will highlight the adverse impact of gestational hyperandrogenism and its potential to serve as a biomarker for maternal gestational and postpartum cardiovascular dysfunctions.
Estradiol Augments Tumor-Induced Neutrophil Production to Promote Tumor Cell Actions in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Models
Authors: Minor Briaunna M N , LeMoine Dana , Seger Christina , Gibbons Erin , Koudouovoh Jules , Taya Manisha , Kurtz Daniel , Xu Yan , Hammes Stephen R
Published: April 2023

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic lung disease caused by smooth muscle cell-like tumors containing tuberous sclerosis (TSC) gene mutations and found almost exclusively in females. Patient studies suggest LAM progression is estrogen dependent, an observation supported by in vivo mouse models. However, in vitro data using TSC-null cell lines demonstrate modest estradiol (E2) responses, suggesting E2 effects in vivo may involve pathways independent of direct tumor stimulation. We previously reported tumor-dependent neutrophil expansion and promotion of TSC2-null tumor growth in an E2-sensitive LAM mouse model. We therefore hypothesized that E2 stimulates tumor growth in part by promoting neutrophil production. Here we report that E2-enhanced lung colonization of TSC2-null cells is indeed dependent on neutrophils. We demonstrate that E2 induces granulopoiesis via estrogen receptor α in male and female bone marrow cultures. With our novel TSC2-null mouse myometrial cell line, we show that factors released from these cells drive E2-sensitive neutrophil production. Last, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from LAM patients and demonstrate the presence of tumor-activated neutrophils. Our data suggest a powerful positive feedback loop whereby E2 and tumor factors induce neutrophil expansion, which in turn intensifies tumor growth and production of neutrophil-stimulating factors, resulting in continued TSC2-null tumor growth.
Transient Right-Sided Hemiparesis and Diplopia in the Setting of a Migrated Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead: A Case Report
Authors: Orza Florin M. , Catalano Taylor D. , Orza Daniela
Published: April 2023

A 36-year-old man with a history of cervical spinal cord stimulator (SCS) lead placement presented with transient right-sided hemiparesis and diplopia that began 2 days after a coughing episode. Imaging revealed lateral and cranial migration of one of the patient’s SCS leads. Deactivation of the SCS resulted in rapid improvement of his nonmotor symptoms but did not resolve his motor deficits. The SCS system was surgically explanted, resulting in resolution of the patient’s motor symptoms. The unique neurologic symptomatology demonstrated by this patient is a previously undescribed complication of SCS placement and lead migration.
The role of ecdysis in repair of an attachment system: a case study using geckos
Authors: Pillai Rishab R. , Riedel Jendrian , Schwarzkopf Lin
Published: April 2023

Skin provides functions such as protection and prevention of water loss. In some taxa, the outer surface of skin has been modified to form structures that enable attachment to various surfaces. Constant interaction with surfaces is likely to cause damage to these attachment systems and reduce function. It seems logical that when skin is shed via ecdysis, its effectiveness will increase, through repair of damage or other rejuvenating mechanisms. We address two questions using three diplodactylid geckos as model species. (1) Does repeated mechanical damage affect clinging ability in geckos to the point that they cannot support their own body weight? (2) Does use without induced damage reduce effectiveness of the attachment system, and if so, does ecdysis restore clinging ability? We found that repeated damage reduced clinging ability in all three species, although at different rates. Additionally, use reduced clinging ability over time when no apparent damage was incurred. Clinging ability increased after ecdysis in all three species, both when damage was specially induced, and when it was not. After normal use without induced damage, the increase in clinging ability after ecdysis was statistically significant in two of three species. Our findings show that use decreases clinging ability, and mechanical damage also effects geckos' capacity to exert shear forces consistently. Thus, ecdysis improves clinging ability both in scenarios where damage is induced and more generally. In addition to the physiological functions provided by skin, our study highlights an important function of ecdysis in a speciose vertebrate group.
Regulation of the swimming kinematics of lampreys Petromyzon marinus across changes in viscosity
Authors: Tytell Eric D. , Cooper Lauren O. , Lin Yuexia Luna , Reis Pedro M.
Published: April 2023

The bodies of most swimming fishes are very flexible and deform as result of both external fluid dynamic forces and internal musculoskeletal forces. If fluid forces change, the body motion will also change unless the fish senses the change and alters its muscle activity to compensate. Lampreys and other fishes have mechanosensory cells in their spinal cords that allow them to sense how their body is bending. We hypothesized that lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) actively regulate body curvature to maintain a fairly constant swimming waveform even as swimming speed and fluid dynamic forces change. To test this hypothesis, we measured the steady swimming kinematics of lampreys swimming in normal water, and water in which the viscosity was increased by 10 or 20 times by adding methylcellulose. Increasing the viscosity over this range increases the drag coefficient, potentially increasing fluid forces up to 40%. Previous computational results suggested that if lampreys did not compensate for these forces, the swimming speed would drop by about 52%, the amplitude would drop by 39%, and posterior body curvature would increase by about 31%, while tail beat frequency would remain the same. Five juvenile sea lampreys were filmed swimming through still water, and midlines were digitized using standard techniques. Although swimming speed dropped by 44% from 1× to 10× viscosity, amplitude only decreased by 4%, and curvature increased by 7%, a much smaller change than the amount we estimated if there was no compensation. To examine the waveform overall, we performed a complex orthogonal decomposition and found that the first mode of the swimming waveform (the primary swimming pattern) did not change substantially, even at 20× viscosity. Thus, it appears that lampreys are compensating, at least partially, for the changes in viscosity, which in turn suggests that sensory feedback is involved in regulating the body waveform.
Two decades of research on anoxia tolerance – mitochondria, -omics and physiological diversity
Authors: Lefevre Sjannie , Nilsson Göran E.
Published: April 2023

Just over two decades ago, Bob Boutilier published a much-cited Review in this journal on the mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia. Here, we celebrate this important Review by describing how our knowledge of the mechanisms behind anoxia tolerance have progressed since 2001, including new key roles of mitochondria, something Boutilier had started exploring. Evidence now suggests that, in anoxia-tolerant brains, mitochondria initiate responses aimed at suppressing electrical activity and energy use. These responses are largely dependent on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Animals that survive anoxia must also tolerate reoxygenation – a major challenge that could cause a massive production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the handling of succinate, which builds up during anoxia, is critical. Interestingly, there are clear species differences in succinate handling among anoxia-tolerant vertebrates (Trachemys and Chrysemys turtles and crucian carp, Carassius carassius). Trachemys turtles suppress succinate build-up during anoxia, presumably to limit ROS production during reoxygenation. By contrast, in crucian carp, reduction of fumarate to succinate during anoxia appears to be essential for keeping their mitochondria charged and viable. Consequently, during anoxia, crucian carp accumulate much more succinate than Trachemys turtles. Moreover, during anoxia, succinate is apparently transported from crucian carp brain and heart to the liver, which handles succinate upon reoxygenation. This is one example of the striking physiological diversity among vertebrates that survive long-term anoxia. More examples are given, and we argue that -omics approaches are, and will be, helpful in providing new insight and moving the field forward.
Preparedness of healthcare professionals towards a new crisis: a short review of experiences, challenges, and lessons from the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Konstantinidis Kleanthis , Apostolakis Ioannis
Published: April 2023

Background: The healthcare professionals have had to adapt their current practices and implement new strategies, to ensure a safe patient care environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, their training in the new conditions of the pandemic has been challenging.
Aim: The aim of this short review is to provide a brief record of the experiences and challenges faced by healthcare professionals and how these can constitute lessons for a new health crisis.
Method and Material: We conducted literature research in two electronic databases for the period from 2020 to 2022, using keywords. The collected material was classified based on the objectives set. A selection of literature sources was made, followed by a review with the creation of note cards.
Results: The review of the selected sources reveals challenges in the practice of healthcare professionals, the continuation of professional development and research activities, as well as the adoption of digital technologies and tools for communication, information and training. The lack of experience of healthcare professionals from a previous pandemic crisis and the delay in the digital transformation of healthcare are some of the obstacles, which can become lessons for the preparedness of the healthcare systems towards a new health crisis.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the essential role of a well-trained and well-informed healthcare workforce, to adequately face a health crisis. The analysis of these findings can contribute to the detection and identification of emerging needs of healthcare professionals, allowing policymakers to implement effective interventions for the continuing development of the workforce.
Retraction Note: “4.4 First record of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898 (Lamniformes: Mitsukurinidae) in the Mediterranean Sea” by Athanasios Anastasiadis, Evangelos Papadimitriou and Frithjof C. Küpper in: Kousteni, V. et al. (2022). New records of rare species in the Mediterranean Sea (May 2022). Mediterranean Marine Science, 23 (3), 417-446, doi: 10.12681/mms.28372 and Reply to Comment on “First record of the goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898 (Lamniformes: Mitsukurinidae) in the Mediterranean Sea” by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Simon Weigmann, Bernard Seret and Nicolas Straube. Mediterranean Marine Science, 24 (1), 101-103, doi: http://doi.org/10.12681/mms.32478
Authors: ANASTASIADIS ATHANASIOS , PAPADIMITRIOU EVANGELOS , KÜPPER FRITHJOF C.
Published: April 2023

The above authors remove these recent publications due to remaining uncertainty because they are based on a visual observation by a citizen (citizen science), without a specimen being available. The available information was not adequate to support this record based solely on photographic evidence and direct contact between the authors and the citizen.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems and networks in the distributed economy: mechanisms of sustainable development in the sphere of commodity circulation
Authors: Belkin Yuriy , Zav'yalov Dmitriy , Zav'yalova Nadezhda , Panasenko Svetlana , Raykova Elena , Ryzhakova Alla , Saginova Ol'ga , Shmeleva Anna , Cenina Ekaterina , Timohina Galina , Saginov Yuriy , Karpova Svetlana
Published: April 2023

The monograph uses extensive scientific and practical material to study the state, trends, features and prospects for the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems and networks in the field of commodity circulation. The original methodological approach allowed us to form not only a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of sustainable development in the field of commodity circulation, but also to identify the industry specifics of ecosystems based on various platform solutions. Criteria of sustainable development and patterns of possible development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the conditions of a variant scenario of economic movement are formed.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in economic development issues.
Hydraulics and hydraulic pneumatic drive. Hydraulics.
Authors: Lepeshkin Aleksandr , Mihaylin Aleksandr , Sheypak Anatoliy , Shterenliht D. , Belenkov Yu.
Published: April 2023

The textbook outlines the basic laws of equilibrium and fluid motion in closed channels. The methods of using these laws in engineering calculations are considered, as well as recommendations for the design of individual elements of hydraulic systems are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" and the disciplines "Hydraulics and hydropneumatic drive", "Hydraulic and pneumatic systems of TiTTMO". It is also recommended for students of other machine-building specialties studying at universities under master's degree programs and certified specialists studying the disciplines of "Hydraulics" or "Fluid Mechanics". It can be useful for graduate students and engineers interested in the development of hydraulic systems.
Cognitive –behavioral therapy in borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatment.
Authors: Sójta Klaudia , Skowrońska Anna , Strzelecki Dominik
Published: April 2023

Zaburzenie osobowości typu borderline jest istotnym problemem zdrowia psychicznego, o poważnym przebiegu, wiążącym się z licznymi szkodami w wielu aspektach funkcjonowania jednostki nim dotkniętej. Jego rozpowszechnienie w populacji generalnej szacowane jest w granicach od 1,6 do 5,9 %, przy czym wśród pacjentów psychiatrycznych wzrasta nawet kilkukrotnie. Obraz kliniczny obejmuje zaburzony, niestabilny obraz siebie, własnych celów i preferencji, upośledzoną kontrolę impulsów, zaburzenia przetwarzania emocji, powtarzające się trudności w zakresie relacji międzyludzkich. Biorąc pod rozwagę powyższą charakterystykę, wprowadzenie skutecznych interwencji terapeutycznych w leczeniu zaburzeń osobowości o typie chwiejnym emocjonalnie stanowi dla klinicystów poważne wyzwanie. Przez dekady powszechny wydawał się wśród nich pogląd, iż nie istnieją skuteczne metody oddziaływania, które mogą przynosić długofalową poprawę funkcjonowania pacjentów z diagnozą osobowości typu borderline. Badania prowadzone na przestrzeni trzech ostatnich dekad dostarczyły nowych koncepcji teoretycznych, stanowiąc podwaliny do konstruowania interwencji terapeutycznych o udowodnionej empirycznie skuteczności. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie roli, jaką terapie nurtu poznawczo-behawioralnego odgrywają w leczeniu zaburzeń osobowości borderline. Przedstawiono w skrócony sposób trzy podejścia teoretyczne w rozumieniu osobowości z pogranicza oraz przytoczono badania nad skutecznością protokołów terapeutycznych opierających się o powyższe modele.
Management of Mycoplasma agassizii infection in a Horsfield tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii)
Authors: Vandekerckove Julie
Published: April 2023

A 3-year-old Horsfield tortoise was presented for lethargy, anorexia, blepharedema and mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge. Culture of nasal exudates was negative, but real-time polymerase chain reaction on an oral swab revealed the presence of Mycoplasma agassizii. Multimodal therapy consisted of ocular and nasal flushing, systemic and topical antibiotics, nebulisation, analgesia and supportive care in the form of warmth, fluid therapy and nutritional support. As Mycoplasma spp. remain latent within the body, correction of husbandry and nutritional deficits was particularly important to enhance the animal's immune system, in order to prevent recrudescence of clinical signs. To avoid disease spread, the client was advised against introducing new tortoises into the collection.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Silva Daiane Carvalho da , Carlesso Janaína Pereira Pretto , Ghisleni Taís Steffenello
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo aprofunda a temática da tecnologia no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, objetivando verificar a importância das tecnologias digitais no processo de aprendizagem. Para aprofundar essa questão foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa a partir de autores e suas obras que aprofundam a temática em estudo como Busarello (2016), Alves (2015), Bittencourt (2015), Clementi (2014), Fava (2014) e Gabriel (2013, 2021). O estudo mostra que diante do contexto da era da informação digital do século XXI, plataformas como Porvir, Árvore e Escape Factory são ferramentas digitais disponíveis para auxiliar professores e alunos no processo de aprendizagem. A educação encontra-se em transformação, os alunos não aprendem somente no ambiente escolar, de sala de aula, pois hoje em dia a informação também está disponível em bibliotecas digitais, blogs, sites da internet, videoaulas e nas redes sociais, e circula em várias velocidades de acordo com a conexão disponível.
Red InGaN nanowire LED with bulk active region directly grown on p-Si (111)
Authors: Pan Xingchen , Song Jiaxun , Hong Hao , Luo Mingrui , Nötzel Richard
Published: April 2023

A red nanowire LED with an InGaN bulk active region, directly grown on a p-Si (111) substrate, is demonstrated. The LED exhibits relatively good wavelength stability upon increasing injection current and narrowing of the linewidth without quantum confined Stark effect. Efficiency droop sets in at relatively high injection current. The output power and external quantum efficiency are 0.55 mW and 1.4% at 20 mA (20 A/cm2) with peak wavelength of 640 nm, reaching 2.3% at 70 mA with peak wavelength of 625 nm. The operation on the p-Si substrate results in large carrier injection currents due to a naturally formed tunnel junction at the n-GaN/p-Si interface and is ideal for device integration.
Image Formation from a Concave Mirror
Authors: Gunaratne Gemunu , Shulman Jason , Wood Lowell
Published: April 2023

Computing locations and extent of images, except in the most trivial configurations or special cases, is a complex task. Even rays emanating from a point source and passing through an optical system generally fail to converge at a single image point, highlighting the care needed to establish image locations. We use three approaches to study image formation in a simple configuration, that of a point source following reflection from a spherical concave mirror. We calculate the caustic surfaces and compute cross sections of flux densities on image surfaces, and compare the results with experimentally generated light intensity fields. One of the two caustic surfaces is linear while the other forms a surface. The latter, undergoes a metamorphosis from a distorted cone to an open surface as the source is moved away from the axis. Cross sections of the caustic surfaces with an image plane are found to coincide with peaks in the flux density. Experimental studies validate these conclusions.
A D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutant reveals a critical role for ketone body metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans development
Authors: Ponomarova Olga , Zhang Hefei , Li Xuhang , Nanda Shivani , Leland Thomas B. , Fox Bennett W. , Starbard Alyxandra N. , Giese Gabrielle E. , Schroeder Frank C. , Yilmaz L. Safak , Walhout Albertha J. M.
Published: April 2023

In humans, mutations in D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) result in D-2HG accumulation, delayed development, seizures, and ataxia. While the mechanisms of 2HG-associated diseases have been studied extensively, the endogenous metabolism of D-2HG remains unclear in any organism. Here, we find that, inCaenorhabditis elegans, D-2HG is produced in the propionate shunt, which is transcriptionally activated when flux through the canonical, vitamin B12-dependent propionate breakdown pathway is perturbed. Loss of the D2HGDH ortholog,dhgd-1, results in embryonic lethality, mitochondrial defects, and the up-regulation of ketone body metabolism genes. Viability can be rescued by RNAi ofhphd-1, which encodes the enzyme that produces D-2HG or by supplementing either vitamin B12 or the ketone bodies 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AA). Altogether, our findings support a model in whichC.elegansrelies on ketone bodies for energy when vitamin B12 levels are low and in which a loss ofdhgd-1causes lethality by limiting ketone body production.
Antigen discovery by bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Batisti Biffignandi Gherard , Vola Ambra , Sassera Davide , Najafi-Fard Saeid , Gomez Morales Maria Angeles , Brunetti Enrico , Teggi Antonella , Goletti Delia , Petrone Linda , Tamarozzi Francesca
Published: April 2023

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a neglected zoonosis. Its diagnosis relies on imaging, supported by serology, while only imaging is useful for staging and follow-up. Since diagnostic tools and expertise are not widely available, new accurate and easily implementable assays for the diagnosis and follow-up of CE are highly needed.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We aimed to identify new E. granulosus antigens through a bioinformatics selection applied to the parasite genome, followed by peptide microarray screening and validation in ELISA, using independent panels of sera from patients with hepatic CE and clinically relevant controls.

From 950 proteins selected in silico, 2,379 peptides were evaluated by microarray for IgG reactivity and eight candidates selected for validation. Reactivity to one peptide was significantly higher in the CE group (p = 0.044), but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions/Significance

Here we performed bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for antigen discovery, useful for the diagnosis of CE. Eight candidates were selected and validated. Reactivity to one peptide associated to CE but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, the database developed in this study may be used to identify other antigenic candidates for CE diagnosis and follow-up.
Inequality in housing transitions during cognitive decline
Authors: Mawhorter Sarah L. , Wilkie Rachel Z. , Ailshire Jennifer A.
Published: April 2023

Independent living can become challenging for people experiencing cognitive decline. With reduced functioning and greater care needs, many people with dementia (PWD) may need to move to another home with better safety features, move to live closer to or with relatives who can provide care, or enter a nursing home. Housing plays a key role in supporting quality of life for both PWD and their caregivers, so the ability to move when needed is crucial for their well-being. Yet the substantial costs of moving, housing, and care mean that PWD with limited financial resources may be unable to afford moving, exacerbating inequalities between more and less advantaged PWD. Emerging qualitative research considers the housing choices of PWD and their caregivers, yet little is known on a broader scale about the housing transitions PWD actually make over the course of cognitive decline. Prior quantitative research focuses specifically on nursing home admissions; questions remain about how often PWD move to another home or move in with relatives. This study investigates socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in the timing and type of housing transitions among PWD in the United States, using Health and Retirement study data from 2002 through 2016. We find that over half of PWD move in the years around dementia onset (28% move once, and 28% move twice or more) while 44% remain in place. Examining various types of moves, 35% move to another home, 32% move into nursing homes, and 11% move in with relatives. We find disparities by educational attainment and race/ethnicity: more advantaged PWD are more likely to move to another home and more likely to enter a nursing home than less advantaged groups. This highlights the importance of providing support for PWD and their families to transition into different living arrangements as their housing needs change.
Effect of moisture on microwave ignition of bituminous coal
Authors: Yao Junhui , Chen Hui , Guo Chenxiang , Liu Kai
Published: April 2023

The interaction between water and microwave is of vital importance to reveal the microwave ignition mechanism of water-bearing coal. This study used two group of bituminous coal after drying and water saturation treatment, for experimental testing and contrastive analysis. During the experiment, permeability of coal samples was obtained based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) test, then different power of microwaves were applied to coal samples, and the occurrence of hot spots within coal samples was regarded as a sign of microwave ignition. Microwave ignition of water-saturated coal is mainly affected by microwave power and coal permeability. The pore water in low permeability coal is conducive to microwave ignition, while the pore water in high permeability coal will prolong the ignition time. There is a permeability threshold, above which the average ignition time of water-saturated coal samples is longer than that of dry coal samples, but below which the opposite is true. These insights can be used to evaluate the safety of microwave technology when applied to coal engineering.
Lifetime rates and types of subsequent child protection system contact following a first report of neglect: An age-stratified analysis
Authors: Palmer Lindsey , Font Sarah , Rebbe Rebecca , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: April 2023

An estimated 1 in 3 U.S. children will be the subject of a child protective services (CPS) investigation during their lifetime, typically for allegations of neglect. Whether and how an initial report of neglect is addressed may place children on divergent trajectories for safety and stability throughout childhood. The purpose of this study is to track subsequent CPS contact among children born in California in 2000 who were first investigated by CPS for neglect allegations alone (no co-occurring abuse) and not permanently separated from their families of origin (i.e., not removed or reunified if removed). We estimated the rates of subsequent CPS referrals, substantiated maltreatment, placement in foster care, and allegations of physical and sexual abuse by age 18. We assessed how rates of subsequent contact varied by initial CPS response and age at first investigation. Supplemental analyses disaggregated data by race and ethnicity. Results indicate that 64% of children initially investigated for neglect alone were re-referred to CPS by age 18 and 16% experienced a subsequent removal; however, these estimates varied greatly by age. Four out of five (79% to 83%) of children initially investigated as infants had one or more subsequent CPS referrals during childhood. Children were not only re-referred for allegations of neglect; more than half of children re-referred were reported for allegations of physical or sexual abuse, indicating that abuse risk was either missed during the initial CPS investigation or escalated afterward. The failure to address maltreatment risks when children first present to the system is a complex problem with no easy solution. Our findings document that a majority of children initially referred for neglect experience future CPS involvement, often for allegations of physical or sexual abuse.