bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin)
Authors: Patwardhan Chaitanya A. , Kommalapati Vamsi Krishna , Llbiyi Taoufik , Singh Digvijay , Alfa Eyad , Horuzsko Anatolij , Korkaya Hasan , Panda Siva , Reilly Christopher A. , Popik Vladimir , Chadli Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
Vibration response difference of caving mechanism under coal rock impact based on mechanical–hydraulic coupling
Authors: Zhu Yanpeng , Zeng Qingliang , Wan Lirong , Yang Yang , Li Zhe
Published: August 2023

Top coal caving in fully mechanized caving mining will cause an irregular impact on the caving mechanism of hydraulic support. The vibration response of the caving mechanism varies under different forms of impact. This response difference is a prerequisite for new coal rock identification technology in intelligent mining. Therefore, this work studies the difference in vibration response of the caving mechanism under different forms of impact. An innovative mechanical–hydraulic coupling system model of the caving mechanism impact by coal rock is established. The metal plate impact test proved the significant difference in vibration response of the caving mechanism under coal rock impact of different materials. Afterward, a more improved mechanical–hydraulic co-simulation model analyzed the difference in the vibration response of the caving mechanism under different rock materials, volumes, velocities and impact positions. The results show that the vibration response is more intense under rock impact than under coal impact. A lower position, a faster velocity and a larger volume correspond to a more noticeable response difference in the caving mechanism. The vibration and fault sensitive areas of the caving mechanism are determined. This study has a reference significance for improving the caving mechanism's structural design and failure prevention. The conclusions provide guidance for a new intelligent coal rock identification technology based on vibration signals.
Empathy competence and future specialty among medical residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Watari Takashi , Houchens Nathan , Nishizaki Yuji , Kataoka Koshi , Otsuka Tomoe , Nakano Yasuhisa , Sakaguchi Kota , Shiraishi Yoshihiko , Katayama Kohta , Kataoka Hitomi , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: August 2023

Empathy is essential for physicians to provide patient-centered care. Nevertheless, the degree to which empathy varies among medical residents based on their desired future specialty remains undetermined. This nationwide cross-sectional study compared empathy levels (Jefferson Scale of Empathy, JSE) of 824 year one and two postgraduate residents in Japan by intended medical specialty, individual characteristics, and training and working environment characteristics. Empathy levels were compared with applicants for general medicine, which emphasizes patient-centeredness. The highest mean JSE and the highest percentage of women residents were observed in general medicine (M = 109.74; SD = 14.04), followed by dermatology (M = 106.64; SD = 16.90), obstetrics and gynecology (M = 106.48; SD = 14.31), and pediatrics (106.02; SD 12.18). Residents interested in procedure-centered departments (e.g. ophthalmology, orthopedics) garnered lower JSE scores. Multivariate regression revealed that future general medicine candidates achieved the highest JSE scores ($$\beta$$
β
= 6.68, 95% CI 2.39–10.9, p = 0.002). Women achieved significantly higher JSE scores than men ($$\beta$$
β
= 2.42, 95% CI 0.11–4.73, p = 0.041). The results have implications for empathy training and postgraduate education strategy in different clinical specialties.
Impact of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI on arrhythmic and mortality outcomes in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Theerasuwipakorn Nonthikorn , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Phannajit Jeerath , Marsukjai Apichai , Thapanasuta Mananchaya , Klem Igor , Chattranukulchai Pairoj
Published: August 2023

Risk stratification based mainly on the impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction has limited performance in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Evidence is rapidly growing for the impact of myocardial scar identified by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) on cardiovascular events. We aim to assess the prognostic value of LGE on long-term arrhythmic and mortality outcomes in patients with NIDCM. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to January 21, 2022. Studies that included disease-specific subpopulations of NIDCM were excluded. Data were independently extracted and combined via random-effects meta-analysis using a generic inverse-variance strategy. Data from 60 studies comprising 15,217 patients were analyzed with a 3-year median follow-up. The presence of LGE was associated with major ventricular arrhythmic events (pooled OR: 3.99; 95% CI 3.08, 5.16), all-cause mortality (pooled OR: 2.14; 95% CI 1.81, 2.52), cardiovascular mortality (pooled OR 2.83; 95% CI 2.23, 3.60), and heart failure hospitalization (pooled OR: 2.53; 95% CI 1.78, 3.59). Real-world evidence suggests that the presence of LGE on CMR was a strong predictor of adverse long-term outcomes in patients with NIDCM. Scar assessment should be incorporated as a primary determinant in the patient selection criteria for primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement.
Exploring the mechanism of luteolin by regulating microglia polarization based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
Authors: Wang Tianyue , Yin Yuanjun , Jiang Xinyu , Ruan Yanmin , Xu Jiawen , Hu Xiaowei , Li Tianyi , Chu Lisheng , Li Lin
Published: August 2023

Neuroinflammation manifests following injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and M1/M2 polarization of microglia is closely associated with the development of this neuroinflammation. In this study, multiple databases were used to collect targets regarding luteolin and microglia polarization. After obtaining a common target, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was created and further analysis was performed to obtain the core network. Molecular docking of the core network with luteolin after gene enrichment analysis. In vitro experiments were used to examine the polarization of microglia and the expression of related target proteins. A total of 77 common targets were obtained, and the core network obtained by further analysis contained 38 proteins. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that luteolin affects microglia polarization in regulation of inflammatory response as well as the interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. Through in vitro experiments, we confirmed that the use of luteolin reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, TNF-α, p-NFκBIA (p-IκB-α), p-NFκB p65, and MMP9, while upregulating the expression of Arg-1 and IL-10. This study reveals various potential mechanisms by which luteolin induces M2 polarization in microglia to inhibit the neuroinflammatory response.
Preparation of a glassy carbon electrode modified with saffron conjugated silver nanoparticles for the sensitive and selective electroanalytical determination of amoxicillin in urine samples
Authors: Sarakatsanou Christina , Karastogianni Sophia , Girousi Stella
Published: August 2023

Determination of antibiotics is crucial in order to assess their potential impacts on human health and the environment. This study aimed to develop a modified glassy carbon electrode with saffron conjugated silver nanoparticles for the determination of amoxicillin antibiotic in urine samples.
Diluted PEDOT:PSS for high-performance organic light-emitting devices with thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Fang Hui , Chen Xiaoyun , Lin Jinliang , Li Jiale , Xue Qin , Xie Guohua
Published: August 2023

A cost-effective method to address the issues of strong acidity and exciton quenching of PEDOT:PSS was developed by diluting it with deionized water. The solution-processed organic LEDs achieved almost doubled efficiencies with the modified PEDOT:PSS.
Recent progress of molybdenum carbide based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tong Yuping , Zhang Zhuo , Hou Yuxin , Yan Liang , Chen Xi , Zhang Hailong , Wang Xiao , Li Yanqiang
Published: August 2023

The current progress of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts for HER is summarized based on phase structure, nanostructure, heterostructure and heteroatoms doping.
Recent progress in gas separation platforms based on hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs)
Authors: Soleimani Abhari Paria , Gholizadeh Shahin , Rouhani Farzaneh , Li Yu-Lin , Morsali Ali , Liu Tian-Fu
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen-bonded frameworks (HOFs) are a new and appealing class of porous crystalline materials that are constructed from organic moieties through hydrogen bonding.
Tailoring the accessibility and amphiphilicity of MWW zeolites for two-phase glycerol ketalization
Authors: Lima Diego S. D. , Silva Laura L. , Zapelini Iago W. , Mintova Svetlana , Martins Leandro
Published: August 2023

Accessibility and amphiphilicity of catalysts play an important role in the ketalization of glycerol with acetone. Delamination and functionalization with organosilane were performed to improve the accessibility and amphiphilicity of MWW zeolites.
Intramolecular cascade cyclization via photogenerated N-amidyl radicals toward isoindolin-1-one/3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one fused oxazinane
Authors: He Yuan-Xiang , Hu Kui , Ran Yu , Lei Zhen-Yao , Geng Shu , Chen Li-Na , Pan Li , Zhong Jun-Bo , Huang Feng
Published: August 2023

One-pot construction of structurally new isoindolin-1-one/3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one fused oxazinane has been achieved by intramolecular cascade cyclization via photogenerated N-amidyl radicals.
A polystyrene-based ESIPT fluorescent polymeric probe for highly sensitive detection of chromium(vi) ions and protein staining
Authors: Qin Xiaoling , Zhou Guoqiang , Ma Pan , Xia Jiaoyun , Gong Fuchun , Chen Lusen , Xu Lujie
Published: August 2023

A “two-step” preparation method of an excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescent polymer (f-PP) is reported here.
Elucidating an efficient super-capacitive response of a Sr2Ni2O5/rGO composite as an electrode material in supercapacitors
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Waqas Umer , Ramay Shahid M. , Atiq Shahid
Published: August 2023

Mixed transition metal oxides have emerged as efficient electrode materials because of their significant cycling stability, and superior capacitance values, resulting in remarkable electrochemical outputs.
Effect of ionic strength on aggregation of nile red and coumarin 30 in aqueous medium: primary kinetic salt effect or salting-out effect?
Authors: Chattopadhyay Nitin , Das Arindam
Published: August 2023

Aggregation of nile red and coumarin 30 in aqueous medium is accelerated in presence of added salts. Simple absorption and emission based experiments assign primary kinetic salt effect, rather than salting-out effect, to be responsible for it.
Recent progress in high-performance environmental impacts of the removal of radionuclides from wastewater based on metal–organic frameworks: a review
Authors: Sheta Sheta M. , Hamouda Mohamed A. , Ali Omnia I. , Kandil A. T. , Sheha Reda R. , El-Sheikh Said M.
Published: August 2023

The nuclear industry is rapidly developing and the effective management of nuclear waste and monitoring the nuclear fuel cycle are crucial.
Non-terminal conjugation of small interfering RNAs with spermine improves duplex binding and serum stability with position-specific incorporation
Authors: Koyasu Keisuke , Chandela Akash , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: August 2023

This study for the very first time investigates non-terminal conjugation of spermine into small interfering RNAs exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and nuclease resistance, depending on the conjugation site.
Synthetic styrene-based bioinspired model of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zamader Afridi , Reuillard Bertrand , Pérard Julien , Billon Laurent , Berggren Gustav , Artero Vincent
Published: August 2023

A multifunctional polymer matrix allows significant improvement over an isolated FeFeADT hydrogenase mimic for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Behind the gas sensors: revealing sensing mechanisms with advanced magnetic resonance technology
Authors: Li Wenyu , Qiao Zirui , Liu Zhifang
Published: August 2023

In this work, we reviewed the progress of magnetic resonance in gas sensing, by providing advancements in magnetic resonance-based techniques for investigating gas sensors, encompassing the determination of the structure of sensing materials and the elucidation of sensing mechanisms.
Unravelling the electrochemical activation and the reaction mechanism of maricite-NaFePO4 using multimodal operando techniques
Authors: Berlanga Carlos , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Fernández-Ropero Antonio J. , Baaboura Neyrouz , Drewett Nicholas E. , Lopez del Amo Juan M. , Nolis Gene , Garitaonandia Jose S. , Reynaud Marine , Stievano Lorenzo , Casas-Cabanas Montse , Galceran Montse
Published: August 2023

Through a combination of multimodal operando, as well as and ex situ, and in situ techniques: Unravelling the intrinsic factors underlying the electrochemical activation of maricite-NaFePO4.
Ultrahigh power density and energy storage density of Ti-free Ca-doped (Pb,La) (Zr,Sn)TaO3 antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhao Han , Xu Ran , Wang Meng Jiao , Wang Xiao Zhi , Zhu Qing Shan , Xu Zhuo
Published: August 2023

Antiferroelectric ceramics have attracted much attention for application in pulsed power systems due to their high discharge energy density and energy storage density.
A beam reconfigurable array antenna using slot‐coupled microstrip structure
Authors: Wu Jie , Fan Min , Wu Xianliang
Published: August 2023

A planar low‐profile 4 × 4 beam reconfigurable array antenna using electronically controllable method at X‐band is presented. A novel switchable slot‐coupled microstrip feed structure (SMFS) is employed in the design of the antenna, which can provide a 180° phase difference in a wide frequency band. The antenna element is composed of an SMFS, a 2 × 2 parasitic square metal patch array, and a DC bias circuit. By switching the p‐i‐n diodes on the SMFS for all antenna elements, four radiation patterns of the designed array antenna can be reconfigured. The measurement results indicate that the designed antenna has achieved good impedance matching over a wide overlapped relative bandwidth of 24%. Benefiting from the advantages of wideband operation in four dynamical reconfigurable beams, the proposed array antenna is quite suitable for intelligent spatial perception, multi‐beam, and anti‐interference wireless communication systems.
Small object detection based on hierarchical attention mechanism and multi‐scale separable detection
Authors: Zhang Yafeng , Yu Junyang , Wang Yuanyuan , Tang Shuang , Li Han , Xin Zhiyi , Wang Chaoyi , Zhao Ziming
Published: August 2023

The ability of modern detectors to detect small targets is still an unresolved topic compared to their capability of detecting medium and large targets in the field of object detection. Accurately detecting and identifying small objects in the real‐world scenario suffer from sub‐optimal performance due to various factors such as small target size, complex background, variability in illumination, occlusions, and target distortion. Here, a small object detection method for complex traffic scenarios named deformable local and global attention (DLGADet) is proposed, which seamlessly merges the ability of hierarchical attention mechanisms (HAMs) with the versatility of deformable multi‐scale feature fusion, effectively improving recognition and detection performance. First, DLGADet introduces the combination of multi‐scale separable detection and multi‐scale feature fusion mechanism to obtain richer contextual information for feature fusion while solving the misalignment problem of classification and localisation tasks. Second, a deformation feature extraction module (DFEM) is designed to address the deformation of objects. Finally, a HAM combining global and local attention mechanisms is designed to obtain discriminative features from complex backgrounds. Extensive experiments on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Code is available at https://github.com/ACAMPUS/DLGADet
Electron-impact single ionization for the Fe2+ ion
Authors: Kynienė A. , Kisielius R. , Jonauskas V.
Published: August 2023

Electron-impact ionization was analyzed for all 34 levels of the ground configuration of the Fe2+ ion. Both direct and indirect ionization processes are included in the study. For the direct process, the potential of the ionized ion was used to explain experimental data. For the indirect process, electron-impact excitation with subsequent autoionization was considered. The convergence of the cross sections of the indirect process was determined by considering the excitations up to shells with the principal quantum number n ⩽ 20. The main contribution to the indirect process was determined by the 3p → 3d excitations. The scaled distorted-wave approximation was applied to explain measurements for the Fe2+ ion. Scaling of the cross sections lowers values by ~35% at the peak for the ground level and ~50% for the highest level of the ground configuration of the Fe2+ ion. The experimental value for the single ionization threshold was used to provide better agreement with the measurements for the cross sections. This led to the cross sections for the levels of the ground configuration diminishing in size by 15–25%. The direct process contributes ~70% and ~50% to the total ionization from the lowest and highest levels of the ion, respectively.
Peering into the tilted heart of Cyg X-1 with high-precision optical polarimetry
Authors: Kravtsov Vadim , Veledina Alexandra , Berdyugin Andrei V. , Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Henson Gary D. , Piirola Vilppu , Sakanoi Takeshi , Kagitani Masato , Berdyugina Svetlana V. , Poutanen Juri
Published: August 2023

We present high-precision optical polarimetric observations of the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 that span several cycles of its 5.6-day orbital period. The week-long observations on two telescopes located in opposite hemispheres allowed us to track the evolution of the polarization within one orbital cycle with the highest temporal resolution to date. Using the field stars, we determined the interstellar polarization in the source direction and subsequently its intrinsic polarization Pint = 0.82%±0.15% with a polarization angle θint = 155° ±5°. The optical polarization angle is aligned with that in the X-rays recently obtained with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Furthermore, it is consistent within the uncertainties with the position angle of the radio ejections. We show that the intrinsic polarization degree is variable with the orbital period with an amplitude of ∼0.2% and discuss various sites of its production. Assuming that the polarization arises from a single Thomson scattering of the primary star radiation by the matter that follows the black hole in its orbital motion, we constrained the inclination of the binary orbit i > 120° and its eccentricity e < 0.08. The asymmetric shape of the orbital profiles of the Stokes parameters also implies the asymmetry of the scattering matter distribution in the orbital plane, which may arise from the tilted accretion disk. We compared our data to the polarimetric observations made in 1975–1987 and find good agrement within 1° between the intrinsic polarization angles. On the other hand, the polarization degree decreased by 0.4% over half a century, suggesting secular changes in the geometry of the accreting matter.
The blue supergiant Sher 25 revisited in the Gaia era
Authors: Weßmayer D. , Przybilla N. , Ebenbichler A. , Aschenbrenner P. , Butler K.
Published: August 2023

Aims. The evolutionary status of the blue supergiant Sher 25 and its membership to the massive cluster NGC 3603 are investigated.

Methods. A hybrid non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) spectrum synthesis approach is employed to analyse a high-resolution optical spectrum of Sher 25 and five similar early B-type comparison stars in order to derive atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances. Fundamental stellar parameters are determined by considering stellar evolution tracks, Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) data, and complementary distance information. Interstellar reddening and the reddening law along the sight line towards Sher 25 are constrained employing UV photometry for the first time in addition to optical and infrared data. The distance to NGC 3603 is reevaluated based on Gaia DR3 data of the innermost cluster O-stars.

Results. The spectroscopic distance derived from the quantitative analysis implies that Sher 25 lies in the foreground of NGC 3603, which is found to have a distance of dNGC3603 = 6250 ± 150 pc. A cluster membership is also excluded as the hourglass nebula is unaffected by the vigorous stellar winds of the cluster stars and from the different excitation signatures of the hourglass nebula and the nebula around NGC 3603. Sher 25 turns out to have a luminosity of log L/L⊙ = 5.48 ± 0.14, equivalent to that of a ~27 M⊙ supergiant in a single-star scenario, which is about half of the mass assumed so far, bringing it much closer in its characteristics to Sk−69º202, the progenitor of SN 1987A. Sher 25 is significantly older than NGC 3603. Further arguments for a binary (merger) evolutionary scenario of Sher 25 are discussed.
Treatment of Inherited Platelet Disorders: Current Status and Future Options
Authors: Bargehr Caroline , Knöfler Ralf , Streif Werner
Published: August 2023

Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of entities that manifest with variable bleeding tendencies. For successful treatment, the underlying platelet disorder, bleeding severity and location, age, and sex must be considered in the broader clinical context. Previous information from the AWMF S2K guideline #086–004 (www.awmf.org) is evaluated for validity and supplemented by information of new available and future treatment options and clinical scenarios that need specific measures. Special attention is given to the treatment of menorrhagia and risk management during pregnancy in women with IPDs. Established treatment options of IPDs include local hemostatic treatment, tranexamic acid, desmopressin, platelet concentrates, and recombinant activated factor VII. Hematopoietic stem cell therapy is a curative approach for selected patients. We also provide an outlook on promising new therapies. These include autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, artificial platelets and nanoparticles, and various other procoagulant treatments that are currently tested in clinical trials in the context of hemophilia.
Neuroserpin As an Adjuvant Therapy for Hypothermia on Brain Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Rats
Authors: Kilicdag Hasan , Akillioglu Kubra , Kilic Bagır Emine , Kose Seda , Erdogan Seyda
Published: August 2023

Objective We aimed to assess the effects of neuroserpin and its combination with hypothermia on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in neonatal rats. Neuroserpin is an axon-secreted serine protease inhibitor and is important for brain development, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity.

Study Design Male Wistar–Albino rats on postnatal day 7 (P7) were randomly divided into five groups: sham group (n = 10), (HI; n = 10), hypoxic-ischemic hypothermia (HIH; n = 10), hypoxic-ischemic neuroserpin (HIN; n = 10), and hypoxic-ischemic neuroserpin-hypothermia (HINH; n = 10). The P7 rat brain's maturation is similar to a late preterm human brain at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. HI was induced in rats on P7 as previously described. A single dose of 0.2 µM neuroserpin (HINH and HIN) or an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline (sham, HIH, and HI) was administered intraventricularly by a Hamilton syringe immediately after hypoxia. In the follow-up, pups were subjected to systemic hypothermia or normothermia for 2 hours. Euthanasia was performed for histopathological evaluation on P10. Apoptosis was detected by caspase-3 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining and was counted in the hippocampus.

Results In comparison to the HI group, the TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive neurons in the sham, HIN, HIH, and HINH groups were considerably lower (13.4 ± 1.0 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9, 6.0 ± 0.9, 5.3 ± 1.6, and 4.0 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) and (13.5 ± 1.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7, 9.1 ± 2.7, 4.8 ± 1.0, and 3.9 ± 1.6; p < 0.001). HIN, HIH, and HINH, compared to the sham group, showed more TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive neurons (6.0 ± 0.9, 5.3 ± 1.6, 4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9 and 9.1 ± 2.7, 4.8 ± 1.0, 3.9 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). The HINH group (synergistic effect) had significantly fewer TUNEL-positive neurons and caspase-3-positive neurons than the HIN group (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 6.0 ± 0.9 and 3.9 ± 1.6 vs. 9.1 ± 2.7; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Our study showed that both neuroserpin alone and as an adjuvant treatment for hypothermia may have a neuroprotective effect on brain injury.

Key Points
Trimethylsilyl Azide Promoted Shono Oxidation of N,N-Dialkyl Amides
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu , Luo Wenlin , Zhang Ruixing , Xu Qi , Zheng Shengyu , Yang Junpeng , Liu Meixia
Published: August 2023

An alkoxylation of N,N-dialkyl amides by the Shono reaction has been developed that offers a simple and efficient way to access N-adjacent-carbon-substituted amides. TMSN3 plays an essential role in this transformation and permits the reaction to proceed with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. This reaction proceeds at a lower current compared with the classical method and it affords the products in up to 91% yield. A possible mechanism is proposed based on control experiments.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: from historical landmarks in Brazil to current care perspectives
Authors: Cavalcanti Eduardo Boiteux Uchôa , Leal Rita de Cássia Carvalho , Marques Junior Wilson , Nascimento Osvaldo José Moreira do
Published: August 2023

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), traditionally refers to a group of genetic disorders in which neuropathy is the main or sole feature. Its prevalence varies according to different populations studied, with an estimate between 1:2,500 to 1:10,000. Since the identification of PMP22 gene duplication on chromosome 17 by Vance et al., in 1989, more than 100 genes have been related to this group of disorders, and we have seen advances in the care of patients, with identification of associated conditions and better supportive treatments, including clinical and surgical interventions. Also, with discoveries in the field of genetics, including RNA interference and gene editing techniques, new treatment perspectives begin to emerge. In the present work, we report the most import landmarks regarding CMT research in Brazil and provide a comprehensive review on topics such as frequency of different genes associated with CMT in our population, prevalence of pain, impact on pregnancy, respiratory features, and development of new therapies.
Association of Circulating Long Noncoding 7S RNA with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Wang Xiao , Memon Ashfaque A. , Hedelius Anna , Grundberg Anton , Elf Johan L. , Svensson Peter J. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized factor in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The role of 7S RNA, a long noncoding RNA that plays an important role in mitochondrial function, in DVT remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential use of 7S RNA as a biomarker in DVT. Plasma samples were obtained from 237 patients (aged 16–95 years) with suspected DVT recruited in a prospective multicenter management study (SCORE) where 53 patients were objectively confirmed with a diagnosis of DVT and the rest were diagnosed as non-DVT. 7S RNA was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in plasma samples. The plasma expression of 7S RNA was significantly lower in DVT compared with non-DVT (0.50 vs. 0.95, p = 0.043). With the linear regression analysis, we showed that the association between the plasma expression of 7S RNA and DVT (β = −0.72, p = 0.007) was independent of potential confounders. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve values of 0.60 for 7S RNA. The findings of the present study showed a notable association between 7S RNA and DVT. However, further investigations are needed to fully elucidate the exact role of 7S RNA in the pathophysiology of DVT and its diagnostic value.
High-throughput thermal denaturation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase combinatorial mutants reveals high-order energetic coupling determinants of conformational stability
Authors: Weinreb Violetta , Weinreb Gabriel , Carter Charles W.
Published: August 2023

Landscape descriptions provide a framework for identifying functionally significant dynamic linkages in proteins but cannot supply details. Rate measurements of combinatorial mutations can implicate dynamic linkages in catalysis. A major difficulty is filtering dynamic linkages from the vastly more numerous static interactions that stabilize domain folding. The Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TrpRS) D1 switch is such a dynamic packing motif; it links domain movement to catalysis and specificity. We describe Thermofluor and far UV circular dichroism melting curves for all 16 D1 switch variants to determine their higher-order impact on unliganded TrpRS stability. A prominent transition at intermediate temperatures in TrpRS thermal denaturation is molten globule formation. Combinatorial analysis of thermal melting transcends the protein landscape in four significant respects: (i) bioinformatic methods identify dynamic linkages from coordinates of multiple conformational states. (ii) Relative mutant melting temperatures, δTM, are proportional to free energy changes. (iii) Structural analysis of thermal melting implicates unexpected coupling between the D1 switch packing and regions of high local frustration. Those segments develop molten globular characteristics at the point of greatest complementarity to the chemical transition state and are the first TrpRS structures to melt. (iv) Residue F37 stabilizes both native and molten globular states; its higher-order interactions modify the relative intrinsic impacts of mutations to other D1 switch residues from those estimated for single point mutants. The D1 switch is a central component of an escapement mechanism essential to free energy transduction. These conclusions begin to relate the escapement mechanism to differential TrpRS conformational stabilities.
Zig-zag structures in silver dichromate precipitate
Authors: Carvalho Débora , Müller Stefan C. , Rahne Torsten , Tsuji Kinko , Polezhaev Andrey
Published: August 2023

Precipitation patterns are commonly concentric rings forming in a Petri dish or parallel bands appearing in a test tube (Liesegang phenomenon). The rings frequently consist of a number of convex segments that are separated from each other by spaces devoid of precipitate resulting in small gaps (dislocations). Along these gaps, the so-called zig-zag structures can form, which connect one side of a gap with its opposite side. We observe that the occurrence of zig-zags requires a minimum thickness of the reactive layer (≥ 0.8 mm). This fact together with microscopic evidence indicates their three-dimensional character. One finds that at the very beginning of the precipitation reaction a curling process starts in the corresponding contour lines. These observations suggest structures of a helicoid with the axis perpendicular to the plane of the reaction–diffusion front to pass through the layer. Zig-zags are not parallel to the reaction plane, i.e., they are not formed periodically, but evolve continuously as a rotating spiral wave. Thus, their topology is closely related to helices in a test tube.
A combination of fluorine-induced effect and co-sensitization for highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhu Shengbo , Li Wei , Lu Bingyang , Chen Ran , Liu Yongliang , Chen Weixing , Niu Xiaoling , Zhang Wenzhi , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei
Published: August 2023

Developing dyes with high open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) is a vital strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of co-sensitized solar cells (co-DSSCs). Herein, three organic fluorine-containing dyes [YY-ThP(3F), YY-ThP(2F), and YY-ThP(26F)] are designed and synthesized for investigating the fluorine-induced effect on photophysical and photovoltaic performances. Consequently, this effect can significantly broaden the UV–vis absorption spectra of dyes but fail to improve the light-harvesting capability of DSSCs. Strikingly, YY-ThP(3F), featuring 3-position fluorine substitution to cyanoacrylic acid, yields a relatively high Voc compared to the corresponding fluorine-free dye (YY-ThP). Furthermore, the co-sensitization of YY-ThP+YY-ThP(3F) achieves a remarkably high PCE and long-term stability. This work implies that the combination of judicious molecular engineering and co-sensitization is a promising strategy for highly efficient and stable DSSCs.
Toroidal electric dipole enabled chiral surface lattice resonances in stereo propeller metasurfaces
Authors: Ling Qinglan , Liang Qinghua , Zhang Xiaochen , Guo Honglian , Feng Shuai , Ji Chang-Yin , Li Jiafang
Published: August 2023

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) are the coherent collective interactions between periodically arranged nanoparticles, which are generally considered to be formed by the resonant electric dipole, magnetic dipole, or electric quadrupole moments of a single nanoparticle coupled with the Rayleigh anomaly (RA). Here we reveal the first observation of the chiral SLRs that are formed by the coupling of the chiral toroidal electric dipole (TED) moment and RA mode through the theoretical design and experimental fabrication of a nano-kirigami based propeller metasurface. By engineering the rotational symmetry of the propeller, e.g., from C2 (C3) symmetry to C4 symmetry, we find that the electric dipole (electric quadrupolar) chiral SLRs have evolved into the TED associated chiral SLRs. Furthermore, it is found that the excitation amplitude of the TED moment can be tailored by controlling the stereo twisted height of the propeller and the spin of the incident light. Finally, the chiral TED moment enhanced circular dichroism is verified in the near-infrared wavelength region. Our study provides an effective yet simple scheme to manipulate the TED-dependent chiral SLRs, paving the way toward exploring the unconventional physical properties of TED and advanced chiroptical physics.
The Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky method for modeling a forced damped quadratic pendulum oscillator
Authors: Alhejaili Weaam , Salas Alvaro H. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: August 2023

In the present investigation, a quadratically forced damped pendulum-type equation is solved analytically using several effective and highly accurate approaches. Some different types of pendulum oscillators linked to the forced and damped terms, in addition to the power of the damping term, are analyzed. In the first part, the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky (KBM) technique and the ansatz method are carried out for analyzing the quadratically damped pendulum oscillator. In the second part, the two variants of the KBM technique are implemented for investigating the quadratically forced damped pendulum oscillator. Some symmetric approximations are derived and compared with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical approximation. In addition, the maximum distance error is estimated in the whole study domain for ensuring that all obtained approximations are accurate. The obtained results are illustrated through concrete examples.
DFT approach into the physical properties of MTe3 (M = Hf, Zr) superconductors: A comprehensive study
Authors: Rahman F. , Ali M. M. , Ali M. A. , Uddin M. M. , Naqib S. H. , Hossain M. M.
Published: August 2023

In this article, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and superconducting state properties of the trichalcogenides, MTe3(M = Hf, Zr) compounds using the density functional theory. Electronic energy dispersion curves demonstrate that the title compounds are metallic in nature, with a significant contribution from the Te atom. The technologically important mechanical properties (stiffness constant, elastic moduli, brittle/ductile behavior, Poisson’s ratio, elastic anisotropy, machinability index, and hardness) are thoroughly examined and addressed. The value of Pugh’s ratio indicates the ductility (brittleness) of ZrTe3 (HfTe3). The Vickers hardness value is 0.86 and 0.54 GPa for MTe3 (M = Hf, Zr), respectively, which confirms their softness. The value of lattice thermal conductivity (in W m−1 K−1) for HfTe3 (3.64) and ZrTe3 (2.36) is low due to significant phonon scattering as confirmed by the Grüneisen parameter study. The optical constants were computed, which confirmed the strong optical anisotropy of MTe3 (M = Hf, Zr). For ZrTe3, with the electric field polarization along the [100] direction, the highest reflectivity (51.36%) is obtained compared to HfTe3 (45.21%). This shows promise for application as a radiative heat reflector of these two compounds. The superconducting state properties, such as London penetration depth, coherence length, Ginzburg–Landau parameter, and electron–phonon coupling parameters are estimated and discussed. The value of electron–phonon coupling parameters suggests that both compounds are moderately coupled superconductors.
Numerical simulations of internal gravity wave resonant triads
Authors: Peddada Siva Heramb , Chalamalla Vamsi Krishna
Published: August 2023

We investigate the triadic resonance interactions using numerical simulations of freely propagating internal waves at near-inertial frequency. We force multiple combinations of normal modes at primary frequency ω0 from the left boundary of the computational domain and study the spatiotemporal evolution of the superharmonic waves. Both the resonant and off-resonant simulations show distinct peaks of energy in the higher harmonics at 2ω0,3ω0, and 4ω0 close to the forcing region. The spatial evolution of modal amplitudes shows that higher normal modes of primary wave decay faster and the higher normal modes of superharmonic waves grow faster. Away from the forcing region, these distinct peaks in the resonant simulations weaken and redistribute the energy into continuous spectra, whereas in the off-resonant simulations, these distinct peaks at superharmonic frequencies sustain throughout the domain. The off-resonant simulations also show significant energy in sub-harmonic frequencies, and we see a buildup of energy in the near-inertial frequency regime far from the forcing region. The frequency and the wavenumber spectra for resonant simulations reveal a −2 power law consistent with the Garrett–Munk spectrum (E(ω,m)∝ω−2m−2).
Numerical study on interactional aerodynamics of a quadcopter in hover with overset mesh in OpenFOAM
Authors: Park Young Min , Jee Solkeun
Published: August 2023

Interactional aerodynamics of a quadcopter in hover is numerically investigated in this study. The main objective is to understand major flow structures associated with unsteady airloads on multirotor aircraft. The overset mesh approach is used to resolve flow structures in unsteady simulation using the flow solver OpenFOAM. The current computational study demonstrates that aerodynamic interaction between quadcopter components strongly affects the rotor wake, generating interesting vortical structures. Multiple rotors in close proximity generate Ω-shaped vortical structures merged from rotor-tip vortices. The fuselage of the current quadcopter deflects the wake flow of the four rotors toward the center of the vehicle. Such interactional aerodynamics, i.e., rotor–rotor and rotor–fuselage interaction, varies the inflow condition of a rotor blade during the rotor revolution. Therefore, the quadcopter experiences unsteady airloads per rotor revolution. Our study indicates that a typical quadcopter would experience 8/rev thrust variations, which are a combined outcome from 4/rev thrust variations on the rotor and 2/rev fluctuations on the fuselage. The current understanding of interactional aerodynamics could help to design reliable and efficient multicopter aircraft.
Experimental characterization of cavitation zone and cavity oscillation mechanism transitions in planar cavitating venturis
Authors: Vijayan Anuja , P Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2023

Cavitating venturi is a passive flow rate anchoring device used in varied industrial applications. The dynamics of the cavitation zone can be of interest to ascertain the controlled operation of cavitating venturi under varying pressure ratios. In the current work, we present the results of the complete characterization of three planar cavitating venturis with different divergent angles. Quasi-steady experiments are conducted for a pressure ratio range of 0.39–0.95 and an inlet Reynolds number range of 7.3 × 104–1.28 × 105. Shadowgraphy and high-speed imaging are used to obtain the cavitation zone length and the oscillation frequencies. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and discrete Fourier transform are used to assess the dynamics of the cavitation zone. The cavitation zone behavior has been delineated into three specific zones (named R1, R2, and R3 in this work) during the operation when the cavitation is fully contained within the divergent section. Two Strouhal number ranges (based on the inlet dimensions), StD,in≥ 0.1 for large-scale cloud shedding and StD,in≤ 0.05 for small-scale oscillations of the attached cavity, are ascertained as a primary indicator of the dynamic behavior. The current work confirms that the dynamics is governed by re-entrant jet at high cavitation numbers in R1 and the combined action of the re-entrant jet and the bubbly shock wave (collapse-induced) at low cavitation numbers in R3. The transition in the cavitation zone behavior in R2 primarily causes a shift in the sensitivity of the cavitation zone and the dominant frequencies over the operating pressure ratios. In the present work, we show that the span of the transition region (R2) decreases with an increase in the divergent angle.
Exploration of transient flow perturbations in a bulb turbine diffuser using proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Buron Jean-David , Houde Sébastien
Published: August 2023

Hydraulic turbines with high efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions offer a much sought-after flexibility to electricity producers. However, some low-head turbines exhibit sharp losses of efficiency close to their peak efficiency discharge that are linked to draft tube flow separations whose causes remain misunderstood. This paper presents the latest results obtained in the scope of the BulbT project that focused on the flow dynamics related to the efficiency drop. The main objectives are to document the transient characteristics of the flow in the hub-wake region and investigate interactions between the core flow and wall separations to identify potential mechanisms explaining the efficiency drop. Using proper orthogonal decompositions of synchronized time-resolved velocity and pressure measurements, highly energetic modes representing stochastic perturbations across BulbT's draft tube are identified. These perturbations occur only for the discharges affected by the efficiency drop, past the best efficiency point. Despite the absence of near-wall velocity measurements, the modal decompositions provide evidence that the onset of the efficiency drop is the result of two independent types of flow separation that occur on opposite sides of the draft tube. Upstream separations are found to happen simultaneously with an asymmetric acceleration of the flow in a region surrounding the turbine's axis and the tip of the runner hub and become the most important contributor to the efficiency drop at the highest measured flow rate. Furthermore, the likeliness of observing one kind of flow separation increases after it has already occurred, pointing to a strong history effect.
Fatigue life prediction for composite materials based on the S-N-φ model
Authors: An Hai , Zhao Weitao
Published: August 2023

The strength degradation law of composite materials is very important to fatigue life prediction. However, establishing existing residual strength models requires various experimental data to confirm the parameters involved in the models. Sometimes, experimental data on the residual strength of composite materials are not available because of limitations on experimental cost and project progress. To solve these issues, a new fatigue life prediction model named the S-N-φ model is proposed. The S-N-φ model does not require the experimental data of residual strength, and the residual strength is only reflected in the theoretical deduction process. The S-N-φ model can clearly explain the probability characteristic of fatigue life because both initial strength and cyclic stress are considered. The S-N-φ model is verified by a set of experimental data of composite laminates. The results show that the S-N-φ model is more accurate than the widely used classical S-N curve model, and the probability characteristic of fatigue life predicted by using the S-N-φ model agrees well with the experimental data.