bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Thioether Migration in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Ene‐Cycloisomerization of Alkenylidenecyclopropanes by a Metal‐Mediated β‐Sulfide Elimination
Authors: Su Yu , Inglesby Phillip A. , Evans P. Andrew
Published: October 2017

Reported is the first example of a rhodium‐mediated β‐sulfide elimination, which represents a new mode of reactivity for late‐transition‐metal chemistry. This serendipitous discovery facilitates an ene‐cycloisomerization of allylic‐sulfide‐containing alkenylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) to afford five‐membered carbo‐ and heterocyclic rings with concomitant intramolecular thioether migration. Interestingly, similar selectivity is obtained with both E‐ and Z‐allylic sulfides and the reaction is also feasible with an allylic selenide. Mechanistic studies are consistent with an inner‐sphere transfer of the sulfide, which is remarkable given the propensity for sulfides to poison transition‐metal catalysts. Finally, this type of atom‐economical rearrangement is envisioned to prompt the development of related processes given the utility of sulfides in target‐directed synthesis.
Bifurcated Nickel‐Catalyzed Functionalizations: Heteroarene C−H Activation with Allenes
Authors: Nakanowatari Sachiyo , Müller Thomas , Oliveira João C. A. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: October 2017

A unified strategy for nickel(0)‐catalyzed C−H allylations, alkenylations, and dienylations has been realized through versatile hydroarylations of allenes with ample scope. Thus, an inexpensive nickel catalyst modified with a N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand enabled the direct transformation of C−H bonds of biologically relevant imidazole and purine derivatives with full control of regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
Design of the phthalonitrile‐based composite laminates by improving the interfacial compatibility and their enhanced properties
Authors: Ren Dengxun , Lei Yangxue , Pan Hai , Yan Liang , Xu Mingzhen , Liu Xiaobo
Published: October 2017

Phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine (BA‐ph) and cyanate ester (CE) were chosen as the thermosetting matrix and the glass fiber (GF) reinforced laminates formed at low temperature were designed. The polyarylene ether nitriles containing pendent carboxyl groups (CPEN) was selected to modify the interfacial interaction between the resin matrix and GFs. Two methods of introducing CPEN were compared and the effects of CPEN on curing behaviors and properties of the composites were investigated. Results showed that with the CPEN, exothermic peaks shifted to lower temperature and curing temperatures of BA‐ph/CE decreased slightly. The mechanical and thermal properties of GF‐reinforced composites were discussed and the results indicated that the composites of modified GFs with CPEN exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, higher glass transition temperature (Tg > 290 °C) than that of composites composed of CPEN mixed with BA‐ph/CE. Moreover, GF‐reinforced composites showed stable dielectric constants (3.8–4.5) and low dielectric loss (0.005–0.01), which were independent of the frequency. In sum, the various methods of the introduction of CPEN in the GF‐reinforced composites may provide a new route to prepare improved composites, meanwhile, composites with outstanding processability and excellent mechanical and thermal properties are expected to be widely applied in the fields of high‐performance structural materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45881.
Dual Mechanism of an Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT)–FRET‐Based Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Liang Xiao , Xu Xiaoyi , Qiao Dan , Yin Zheng , Shang Luqing
Published: October 2017

A dual‐mechanism intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)–FRET fluorescent probe for the selective detection of H2O2 in living cells has been designed and synthesized. This probe used a coumarin–naphthalimide hybrid as the FRET platform and a boronate moiety as the recognition group. Upon the addition of H2O2, the probe exhibited a redshifted (73 nm) fluorescence emission, and the ratio of fluorescence intensities at λ=558 and 485 nm (F558/F485) shifted notably (up to 100‐fold). Moreover, there was a good linearity (R2=0.9911) between the ratio and concentration of H2O2 in the range of 0 to 60 μm, with a limit of detection of 0.28 μm (signal to noise ratio (S/N)=3). This probe could also detect enzymatically generated H2O2. Importantly, it could be used to visualize endogenous H2O2 produced by stimulation from epidermal growth factor.
Effects of scaffold microstructure and low intensity pulsed ultrasound on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Aliabouzar Mitra , Lee Se‐jun , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Grace Lijjie , Sarkar Kausik
Published: October 2017

The effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on 3D printed poly‐(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate (PEG‐DA) scaffolds with varying pore geometries (square and hexagonal channels) were investigated. The scaffold with square pores resulted in higher hMSC growth and chondrogenic differentiation than a solid or a hexagonally porous scaffold. The optimal LIPUS parameters at 1.5 MHz were found to be 100 mW/cm2 and 20% duty cycle. LIPUS stimulation increased proliferation by up to 60% after 24 hr. For chondrogenesis, we evaluated key cartilage biomarkers abundant in cartilage tissue; glycosaminoglycan (GAG), type II collagen and total collagen. LIPUS stimulation enhanced GAG synthesis up to 16% and 11% for scaffolds with square and hexagonal patterns, respectively, after 2 weeks. Additionally, type II collagen production increased by 60% and 40% for the same patterns, respectively under LIPUS stimulation after 3 weeks. These results suggest that LIPUS stimulation, which has already been approved by FDA for treatment of bone fracture, could be a highly efficient tool for tissue engineering in combination with 3D printing and hMSCs to regenerate damaged cartilage tissues.
High yield purification and first structural characterization of the full‐length bacterial toxin CNF1
Authors: Colarusso Andrea , Caterino Marco , Fabbri Alessia , Fiorentini Carla , Vergara Alessandro , Sica Filomena , Parrilli Ermenegilda , Tutino Maria Luisa
Published: October 2017

The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) is a bacterial toxin secreted by certain Escherichia coli strains causing severe pathologies, making it a protein of pivotal interest in toxicology. In parallel, the CNF1 capability to influence important neuronal processes, like neuronal arborization, astrocytic support, and efficient ATP production, has been efficiently used in the treatment of neurological diseases, making it a promising candidate for therapy. Nonetheless, there are still some unsolved issues about the CNF1 mechanism of action and structuration probably caused by the difficulty to achieve sufficient amounts of the full‐length protein for further studies. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for the production and purification of this toxin as a his‐tagged recombinant protein from E. coli extracts (CNF1‐H8). CNF1‐H8 was expressed at the low temperature of 15°C to diminish its characteristic degradation. Then, its purification was achieved using an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and a size exclusion chromatography so as to collect up to 8 mg of protein per liter of culture in a highly pure form. Routine dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments showed that the recombinant protein preparations were homogeneous and preserved this state for a long time. Furthermore, CNF1‐H8 functionality was confirmed by testing its activity on purified RhoA and on HEp‐2 cultured cells. Finally, a first structural characterization of the full‐length toxin in terms of secondary structure and thermal stability was performed by circular dichroism (CD). These studies demonstrate that our system can be used to produce high quantities of pure recombinant protein for a detailed structural analysis. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:150–159, 2018
The effect of previous causal knowledge on the persuasive strength of confirming covariation data
Authors: Saporta‐Sorozon Kelly , Bar‐Eli Michael
Published: October 2017

Consumers are often exposed to causal claims (e.g., a new pill that claims to treat acne) that are occasionally accompanied by data indicating that the product (target) performed better than another product (referent). In this study, we examined the effect of such data on persuasion as a function of target–referent similarity in causal features. Consistent with current theorizing suggesting that structural and specific preexisting causal knowledge affects data interpretation, we propose that data that are consistent with expectations will be more persuasive than data that are inconsistent with expectations. Specifically, we contend that the structural schema “control of variables” we use leads us to expect that two categories (products) that are similar in features will perform the same and two categories that differ in features will differ in performance. In addition, our specific knowledge on causal powers leads us to expect the target to perform better than the referent only if it has more causal features. Thus, when confronted with data indicating a target performed better than a referent with fewer causal features, the reasoner will find it easier to explain the data, and hence, the difference in performance will be perceived as larger, and the message will be more persuasive (e.g., belief in the causal claim and willingness to purchase the product) than when the target has the same causal features as the referent. The results of three studies revealed the expected pattern for different products, promising different effects in different communication contexts.
Supported Electrospun Ultrafine Fibrous Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/ZnO Porous Membranes and their Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Huang Yan , Huang Qinglin , Xiao Changfa , You Yanwei , Zhang Chaoxin , Liu Huan
Published: October 2017

Supported photocatalytic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)/ZnO porous membranes were prepared by sintering electrospun PTFE/poly(vinylalcohol)/zinc acetate dehydrate composite membranes. Electrospun PTFE membranes were utilized as supports with excellent chemical stability and high specific surface area, while the photocatalyst‐ZnO particles derived from the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dehydrate were homogeneously immobilized on the surface of ultrafine PTFE fibers. The PTFE/ZnO membranes could be easily recovered and reused after water treatment. PTFE/ZnO membranes are expected to have a wide range of potential applications in photocatalysis and photocatalysis‐membrane reactors, playing the role of a catalyst as well as a selective barrier against contaminants of interest.
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Tin Oxide Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for Textile Effluent Treatment
Authors: Babu Jibin , Murthy Zagabathuni Venkata Panchakshari
Published: October 2017

Thin‐film nanocomposite membranes were prepared by dip‐coating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles over a polyethersulfone membrane support. PVA was cross‐linked using malic acid for stability. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurement; and nanoparticles, by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The membranes were subjected to filtration of synthetic dyes wastewater. The performance of the prepared membranes was compared with those of membranes without SnO2 nanoparticles. A fouling study was conducted using humic acid. The structural properties of the membranes were calculated using the extended Nernst‐Planck equation.
An Amino‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Framework, Based on a Rare Ba12(COO)18(NO3)2 Cluster, for Efficient C3/C2/C1 Separation and Preferential Catalytic Performance
Authors: Fan Weidong , Wang Yutong , Zhang Qian , Kirchon Angelo , Xiao Zhenyu , Zhang Liangliang , Dai Fangna , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng
Published: October 2017

A barium(II) metal‐organic framework (MOF) based on a predesigned amino‐functionalized ligand, namely [Ba2(L)(DMF)(H2O)(NO3)1/3]⋅DMF⋅EtOH⋅2 H2O (UPC‐33) [H3L=4,4′‐((2‐amino‐5‐carboxy‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl))dibenzoic acid] has been synthesized. UPC‐33 is a 3‐dimensional 3,18‐connected network with fcu topology with a rare twelve‐nuclear Ba12(COO)18(NO3)2 cluster. UPC‐33 shows permanent porosity and a high adsorption heat of CO2 (49.92 kJ mol−1), which can be used as a platform for selective adsorption of CO2/CH4 (8.09). In addition, UPC‐33 exhibits high separation selectivity for C3 light hydrocarbons with respect to CH4 (228.34, 151.40 for C3H6/CH4, C3H8/CH4 at 273k and 1 bar), as shown by single component gas sorption and selectivity calculations. Due to the existence of −NH2 groups in the channels, UPC‐33 can effectively catalyze Knoevenagel condensation reactions with high yield, and substrate size and electron dependency.
An On‐Surface Reaction Confined within a Porous Molecular Template
Authors: Judd Chris J. , Champness Neil R. , Saywell Alex
Published: October 2017

On‐surface reactions based on metal‐catalysed Ullmann coupling have been successfully employed to synthesise a wide variety of covalently coupled structures. Substrate chemistry and topology are both known to effect the progression of an on‐surface reaction; offering routes to control efficiency and selectivity. Here, we detail ultra‐high vacuum scanning probe microscopy experiments showing that templating a catalytically active surface, via a supramolecular template, influences the reaction pathway of an on‐surface Ullmann‐type coupling reaction by inhibiting one potential intermediate structure and stabilising another.
Inhibitory neuron‐specific Cre‐dependent red fluorescent labeling using VGAT BAC‐based transgenic mouse lines with identified transgene integration sites
Authors: Kaneko Ryosuke , Takatsuru Yusuke , Morita Ayako , Amano Izuki , Haijima Asahi , Imayoshi Itaru , Tamamaki Nobuaki , Koibuchi Noriyuki , Watanabe Masahiko , Yanagawa Yuchio
Published: October 2017

Inhibitory neurons are crucial for shaping and regulating the dynamics of the entire network, and disturbances in these neurons contribute to brain disorders. Despite the recent progress in genetic labeling techniques, the heterogeneity of inhibitory neurons requires the development of highly characterized tools that allow accurate, convenient, and versatile visualization of inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain. Here, we report a novel genetic technique to visualize the vast majority and/or sparse subsets of inhibitory neurons in the mouse brain without using techniques that require advanced skills. We developed several lines of Cre‐dependent tdTomato reporter mice based on the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)‐BAC, named VGAT‐stop‐tdTomato mice. The most useful line (line #54) was selected for further analysis based on two characteristics: the inhibitory neuron‐specificity of tdTomato expression and the transgene integration site, which confers efficient breeding and fewer adverse effects resulting from transgene integration‐related genomic disruption. Robust and inhibitory neuron‐specific expression of tdTomato was observed in a wide range of developmental and cellular contexts. By breeding the VGAT‐stop‐tdTomato mouse (line #54) with a novel Cre driver mouse line, Galntl4‐CreER, sparse labeling of inhibitory neurons was achieved following tamoxifen administration. Furthermore, another interesting line (line #58) was generated through the unexpected integration of the transgene into the X‐chromosome and will be used to map X‐chromosome inactivation of inhibitory neurons. Taken together, our studies provide new, well‐characterized tools with which multiple aspects of inhibitory neurons can be studied in the mouse.
Diamond Nanothermometry
Authors: Sotoma Shingo , Epperla Chandra P. , Chang Huan‐Cheng
Published: October 2017

Measuring temperature at or far from equilibrium at the nanoscale is important in many fields of science and engineering. A variety of luminescent nanothermometers have been developed in the past decade for the measurements. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) stand out from the rest in terms of biological use, because the nanomaterials contain negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV−) centers as photostable fluorophores and possess a number of remarkable properties including chemical inertness, negligible toxicity, versatile surface modification ability and, most importantly, exceptional temperature‐measurement precision. However, to enable practical applications of FNDs for temperature sensing in biological systems, conjugation of the particles with polymers, biomolecules, and/or other nanomaterials are often required. Gold/diamond nanohybrids are one of these combinations that enhance the temperature measurement versatility of the NV− centers. Here, we provide a review of the recent advances in the research and development of diamond nanothermometry, with special focus on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of gold/diamond nanohybrids. Current challenges and future perspectives of the FND‐based nanothermometry are also discussed.
State vocational rehabilitation: A resource for auxiliary aids and services
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: October 2017

Many times colleges and universities ask “Are there any resources out there that may pay for auxiliary aids and services for students with disabilities?” While there may not be many resources, there is one, and it is a big one: state vocational rehabilitation agencies.
Seven strategies to apply design thinking in higher education
Authors: Costa Karen
Published: October 2017

You may have heard of the term design thinking and wondered how it differs from regular thinking. Design thinking is intentional, creative, and supercharged. Applying the principles of design thinking in higher education can help you to solve intransigent problems, generate new models and partnerships, and add an element of playfulness to your work.
Develop, disseminate, and post guidelines for planning accessible campus events
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: October 2017

Colleges and universities must provide physical and program access to faculty, staff, students, and visitors for all events both on and off campus. It is the responsibility of the event organizer to implement accessibility measures, but it is incumbent upon disability services offices to provide information for those hosting events.
Upscaling transpiration in diverse forests: Insights from a tropical premontane site
Authors: Moore Georgianne W. , Orozco Graciela , Aparecido Luiza M.T. , Miller Gretchen R.
Published: October 2017

Upscaling water use of individual trees to stands using sap flux techniques is a common method for partitioning site water balance, but few such studies have occurred in the tropics. Increasing interests in the role of tropical forests in global cycles have spurred upscaling studies in natural tropical forests, which present challenges from greater tree species and functional diversity, and potential factors that would reduce transpiration, such as frequent cloud cover and wet canopy conditions. In a premontane wet tropical forest in central Costa Rica, sap flow was measured in 15 trees stratified into 5 size classes based on tree diameters. None of the trees belonged to the same species, genus, or even family. We also accounted for potential radial variation in sap flux density. Data were scaled to estimate transpiration within a small 2.2‐ha watershed using stand surveys of sapwood area. Stand transpiration averaged only 1.4 ± 0.7 mm day−1 within this forested watershed due to persistent low radiation, evaporative demand, and frequent wet canopy conditions. Our systematic approach used tree size attributes to scale water use to the stand, given difficulties to quantify species differences in such a diverse ecosystem. Contrary to previous evidence on temperate trees, the large trees sampled did not exhibit flow reductions in deeper sapwood, which warrants further study. These results highlight some unique aspects of measuring transpiration in wet tropical forests that are important to consider for future studies in diverse stands.
Comparing chemistry and bioactivity of burned vs. decomposed plant litter: different pathways but same result?
Authors: Bonanomi Giuliano , Incerti Guido , Abd El‐Gawad Ahmed M. , Cesarano Gaspare , Sarker Tushar C. , Saulino Luigi , Lanzotti Virginia , Saracino Antonio , Rego Francisco C. , Mazzoleni Stefano
Published: October 2017

Litter burning and biological decomposition are oxidative processes co‐occurring in many terrestrial ecosystems, producing organic matter with different chemical properties and differently affecting plant growth and soil microbial activity. We tested the chemical convergence hypothesis, i.e., materials with different initial chemistry converge toward a common profile, with similar biological effects, as the oxidative process advances, for burning and decomposition. We compared the molecular composition, assessed by 13C NMR, of seven plant litter types either fresh, decomposed for 30, 90, 180 d in a microcosms incubation experiment, or heated at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C for 30 minutes. We used litter water extracts (5% dry weight) as treatments in bioassays on plant (Lepidium sativum) and fungal (Aspergillus niger) growth, and a washed quartz sand amended with litter (0.5% dw) to assess heterotrophic respiration by flux chamber (i.e., [μg of CO2 released]·[g added litter]−1·d−1). We observed different molecular variations for materials either burning (i.e., a sharp increase of aromatic C and a decrease of other fractions above 200°C) or decomposing (i.e., early increase of alkyl, methoxyl, and N‐alkyl C and decrease of O‐alkyl and di‐O‐alkyl C fractions). Soil respiration and fungal growth decreased with litter age and heating severity, down to 20% relative to fresh litter. Plants were inhibited on fresh litter (on average 13% of the control), but recovered on aged (180 d) and heated (30 min at 500°C) materials, up to 126% and 63% of the control, respectively. Correlation between the intensity of 13C NMR signals in litter spectra and bioassay results showed that O‐alkyl, methoxyl, and aromatic C fractions are crucial to understand organic matter effects, with plant response negatively affected by labile C but positively associated to lignification and pyrogenic C. The pattern of association of soil respiration and fungal growth to these C fractions was essentially opposite to that observed for plant root growth. Our findings suggest a functional convergence of decomposed and burned organic substrates, emerging from the balance between the bioavailability of labile C sources and the presence of recalcitrant and pyrogenic compounds, oppositely affecting different trophic levels.
ZnII Chlorido Complexes with Aliphatic, Chiral Bisguanidine Ligands as Catalysts in the Ring‐Opening Polymerisation of rac‐Lactide Using FT‐IR Spectroscopy in Bulk
Authors: Metz Angela , McKeown Paul , Esser Bastian , Gohlke Clara , Kröckert Konstantin , Laurini Larissa , Scheckenbach Michael , McCormick Strachan N. , Oswald Michaela , Hoffmann Alexander , Jones Matthew D. , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: October 2017

Eight new zinc complexes of bisguanidine ligands have been structurally characterised and tested for the polymerisation of lactide. Initially this necessitated the preparation of the new six bisguanidine ligands [TMG2thf, DMEG2thf, trans‐TMG2(1,2)ch, trans‐DMEG2(1,2)ch, R,R‐TMG2(1,2)ch, R,R‐DMEG2(1,2)ch]. With these ligands in hand, zinc chlorido complexes could be obtained, which were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, two new zinc chlorido complexes are reported, based on previous bisguanidine ligands [TMG2(1,3)ch, DMEG2(1,3)ch]. All complexes show a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. These eight complexes are utilised as catalysts in melt polymerization of unsublimed, technical rac‐lactide at 150 °C. The most promising complexes were tested with different purities of lactide (technical and recrystallized) and with or without the addition of a co‐initiator. The conversion was determined using 1H‐NMR or FT‐IR spectroscopy. Kinetic measurements show first‐order behaviour with respect to lactide. The end group of the polymer was determined by MALDI‐ToF measurements. Moreover, the impact of chiral complexes was examined with regard to the tacticity of the polymer. Complexes containing a thf backbone show the highest polymerisation activity with recrystallized rac‐lactide and benzyl alcohol as co‐initiator.
Synthetic Approaches to Pyrene‐Fused Twistacenes
Authors: Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: October 2017

Abstract: This microreview covers the different synthetic strategies used to prepare pyrene‐fused twistacenes.
An Efficient Synthesis of Spiropyrroloquinolines by the Domino Reaction of α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Anilinosuccinimides
Authors: Xiao Man , Sun Qiu , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: October 2017

A domino annulation reaction of various α‐dicarbonyl compounds with anilinosuccinimides takes place with Brønsted‐acid catalysis under microwave irradiation to give functionalized spiropyrroloquinolines. The reaction involves activation of the ortho hydrogen of the different aniline derivatives.
Mild Synthesis of Pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione and Guest‐Assisted Formation of a 2D Network in the Solid State
Authors: Han Chengyou , Dong Shengyi , Zhao Dezhi , Sun Daofeng
Published: October 2017

Herein, we developed an environmentally friendly, feasible method to synthesize pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione. Strikingly, single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione and 5‐chloropentanenitrile indicated a 1:2 stoichiometry to form a 2D network in the solid state.
Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Reversible Photodimerization of a Prochiral Flavonoid Followed by Crystallization
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroki , Uemura Naohiro , Yagishita Fumitoshi , Baba Nozomi , Yoshida Yasushi , Mino Takashi , Kasashima Yoshio , Sakamoto Masami
Published: October 2017

Asymmetric synthesis involving photochemical dimerization of a prochiral flavonoid derivative in solution without any chiral source was achieved. Irradiation of ethyl 6‐bromochromonecarboxylate in solution efficiently gave a C2‐chiral anti‐head‐to‐head dimer in excellent chemical yield with good quantum efficiency (Φ365 = 0.15). X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the dimer crystallized as a conglomerate of C2 space group. The crystalline dimer precipitated upon irradiation of the monomer in solution, and indirect racemization of the dimer through a reversible photoreaction in solution and selective crystallization simultaneously occurred to give the C2‐chiral dimer in optically active form with up to 80 % ee. Optically active photoproducts could be obtained by simply irradiating achiral materials in solution without an external chiral source.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (–)‐Gracilamine Using a Bioinspired Approach
Authors: Chandra Atish , Verma Prachi , Negel Animesh , Pandey Ganesh
Published: October 2017

The asymmetric total synthesis of optically pure (–)‐gracilamine (1) was achieved by employing a bioinspired approach. The strategy involved elaboration of 3a‐arylhexahydroindole 7, a designed precursor, to 3a‐formylarylhexahydroindole 5, which upon heating with l‐leucine ethyl ester gave (–)‐1 efficiently.
Simplify interstate transfer for student and institutional success
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2017

BOSTON — Of the 3.6 million students who entered college or university during the fall of 2008, over 37 percent transferred at least once during the next six years. That statistic came from a presentation at the annual National Association for College Admission Counseling national conference, during a presentation by Patricia A. Shea, director of academic leadership initiatives at the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education; Judy Hay, vice president of student services at Laramie County Community College; and Jody Owen, academic advisor coordinator at South Dakota State University.
Tread carefully when considering social media in admissions decisions
Authors: Porter Michael , Levy Nathaniel
Published: October 2017

Even though college students have used social media for more than a decade, there has been little legal guidance on whether or how institutions can consider social media in the admissions process.
Lead your enrollment management unit by being a TEACHER with a SMART plan
Authors: Sanchez Dwight
Published: October 2017

Enrollment management work requires a balance between science, art, a touch of magic, and fun. In this perplexing matrix that draws upon data, patterns, behavioral and motivational factors, financial aid, net tuition impact, and retention, the enrollment manager has to achieve a SMART plan that underscores the skillfulness required to be effective.
Pharmaceuticals and pesticides archived on polar passive sampling devices can be stable for up to 6 years
Authors: Challis Jonathan K. , Hanson Mark L. , Wong Charles S.
Published: October 2017

In the present study, we report the freezer storage stability of pharmaceuticals and pesticides for the organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films (o-DGT) passive sampler and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). The average change on o-DGT after approximately 18 mo was 9 ± 9% across 30 compounds. For POCIS, the average change after approximately 6 yr was 14 ± 14% for the same compounds. Our data suggest that analytes stored on these samplers are stable and appropriate for archival purposes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:762–767. © 2017 SETAC
Hierarchical calibration and validation framework of bench‐scale computational fluid dynamics simulations for solvent‐based carbon capture. Part 2: Chemical absorption across a wetted wall column
Authors: Wang Chao , Xu Zhijie , Lai Kevin , Whyatt Greg , Marcy Peter W. , Sun Xin
Published: October 2017

Part 1 of this paper presents a numerical model for non‐reactive physical mass transfer across a wetted wall column (WWC). In Part 2, we improved the existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate chemical absorption occurring in a WWC as a bench‐scale study of solvent‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. To generate data for WWC model validation, CO2 mass transfer across a monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent was first measured on a WWC experimental apparatus. The numerical model developed in this work can account for both chemical absorption and desorption of CO2 in MEA. In addition, the overall mass transfer coefficient predicted using traditional/empirical correlations is conducted and compared with CFD prediction results for both steady and wavy falling films. A Bayesian statistical calibration algorithm is adopted to calibrate the reaction rate constants in chemical absorption/desorption of CO2 across a falling film of MEA. The posterior distributions of the two transport properties, i.e., Henry's constant and gas diffusivity in the non‐reacting nitrous oxide (N2O)/MEA system obtained from Part 1 of this study, serves as priors for the calibration of CO2 reaction rate constants after using the N2O/CO2 analogy method. The calibrated model can be used to predict the CO2 mass transfer in a WWC for a wider range of operating conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain stimulation‐induced neuroplasticity underlying therapeutic response in phantom sounds
Authors: Poeppl Timm B. , Langguth Berthold , Lehner Astrid , Frodl Thomas , Rupprecht Rainer , Kreuzer Peter M. , Landgrebe Michael , Schecklmann Martin
Published: October 2017

Noninvasive brain stimulation can modify phantom sounds for longer periods by modulating neural activity and putatively inducing regional neuroplastic changes. However, treatment response is limited and there are no good demographic or clinical predictors for treatment outcome. We used state‐of‐the‐art voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to investigate whether transcranial magnetic stimulation‐induced neuroplasticity determines therapeutic outcome. Sixty subjects chronically experiencing phantom sounds (i.e., tinnitus) received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of left dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortex according to a protocol that has been shown to yield a significantly higher number of treatment responders than sham stimulation and previous stimulation protocols. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. In VBM whole‐brain analyses (P < 0.05, FWE corrected), we assessed longitudinal gray matter changes as well as structural connectivity between the ensuing regions. We observed longitudinal mesoscopic gray matter changes of left dorsolateral prefontal (DLPFC), left operculo‐insular, and right inferior temporal cortex (ITC) in responders (N = 22) but not nonresponders (N = 38), as indicated by a group × time interaction and post‐hoc tests. These results were neither influenced by age, sex, hearing loss nor by tinnitus laterality, duration, and severity at baseline. Furthermore, we found robust DLPFC–insula and insula–ITC connectivity in responders, while only relatively weak DLPFC–insula connectivity and no insula–ITC connectivity could be demonstrated in nonresponders. Our results reinforce the implication of nonauditory brain regions in phantom sounds and suggest the dependence of therapeutic response on their neuroplastic capabilities. The latter in turn may depend on (differences in) their individual structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 39:554–562, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prevalence and concordance of human papillomavirus infection in different anogenital sites among men and women in Liuzhou, China: A population‐based study
Authors: Wei Feixue , Li Mingqiang , Wu Xin , Yin Kai , Lan Jian , Sheng Wei , Guo Meng , Huang Shoujie , Wang Ying , Li Yanping , Li Rongcheng , Su Yingying , Wu Ting , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao
Published: October 2017

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers and genital warts in both men and women, whereas there is a scarcity of large studies focused on HPV prevalence in different anogenital sites of both sexes in the same population. From May to July 2014, 2,309 men and 2,378 women aged 18–55 were enrolled from communities in Liuzhou, China. Penis/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) specimens of men, and vaginal (VA), vulvar (VU) and PA specimens of women, were collected and genotyped for HPV. The prevalence of any HPV tested in PGC and PA samples from men and VA, VU and PA samples from women was 10.8%, 3.8%, 14.2%, 13.3% and 8.4%, respectively. The concordance of VA and VU was highest (kappa = 0.74), followed by VU and PA (0.44), VA and PA (0.38) and PGC and PA (0.14). Besides sex behavior, ever having used a towel supplied by a hotel was a risk factor for both external genital and PA HPV infection. Our data indicated that women were more of a major reservoir for oncogenic HPV infection of both genital sites and PA sites than was men. In both sexes, the genital sites were more likely than PA sites to harbor HPV infection. The concordance rates of HPV infection between genital sites and PA infection were poor.
Cucurbit[n]uril Host‐Guest Complexes of Acids, Photoacids, and Super Photoacids
Authors: Macartney Donal H.
Published: October 2017

The supramolecular chemistry of host‐guest complexes of cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) with acidic guests in the ground (HG+) and excited states (HG+*) are reviewed. The effects of CB[n] complexation on the guests’ pKa and/or pKa* values are related to relative binding constants and host‐guest structures of the acid form of the guest and its conjugate base. Included are carbon acids, guests of biological and medicinal interest, dyes and related polyaromatic guests, and other organic and organometallic guests. The applications of the pKa shifts to the solubility, stability, and bioavailabilty of drug molecules, the stability and enhanced spectral properties of dyes, and in pH‐induced self‐sorting, micelle formation, host‐guest shuttling, and controlled guest release, are discussed.
Integrity Is More Than Validity: Seeking Credible, Usable, and Ethical Research
Authors: Rallis Sharon F. , Lawrence Rachael B.
Published: October 2017

This chapter introduces integrity and use as central concepts for judging research quality. Analyzing an illustrative case through the NRC Guiding Principles for Education Research and Terenzini's tiers of intelligence, we demonstrate the centrality of research integrity to use.
Cooperative Attention: Using Qualitative Case Studies to Study Peer Institutions
Authors: Lisi Bethany
Published: October 2017

This chapter provides a conceptual model that institutional research professionals can use to develop contextual intelligence of issues of interest in higher education with the use of case studies from peer institutions. The model draws from the metaphor of the “divided brain” and how the two hemispheres must work together with both broad and focused attention on an issue grounded in contextual understanding.
Single determinant N‐representability and the kernel energy method applied to water clusters
Authors: Polkosnik Walter , Massa Lou
Published: October 2017

The Kernel energy method (KEM) is a quantum chemical calculation method that has been shown to provide accurate energies for large molecules. KEM performs calculations on subsets of a molecule (called kernels) and so the computational difficulty of KEM calculations scales more softly than full molecule methods. Although KEM provides accurate energies those energies are not required to satisfy the variational theorem. In this article, KEM is extended to provide a full molecule single‐determinant N‐representable one‐body density matrix. A kernel expansion for the one‐body density matrix analogous to the kernel expansion for energy is defined. This matrix is converted to a normalized projector by an algorithm due to Clinton. The resulting single‐determinant N‐representable density matrix maps to a quantum mechanically valid wavefunction which satisfies the variational theorem. The process is demonstrated on clusters of three to twenty water molecules. The resulting energies are more accurate than the straightforward KEM energy results and all violations of the variational theorem are resolved. The N‐representability studied in this article is applicable to the study of quantum crystallography. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with increased aortic stiffness
Authors: Nemes Attila , Földeák Dóra , Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Kormányos Árpád , Borbényi Zita , Forster Tamás
Published: October 2017

Objective

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is as an infiltrative disorder primarily caused by extracellular tissue deposition of amyloid fibrils in the myocardial interstitium. The current study was designed to test whether alterations in ascending aortic elastic properties could be detected by echocardiography in CA patients, and to compare their results to controls.

Patients and methods

We included 19 CA patients from which CA proved to be AL amyloidosis in 17 cases and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis in 2 cases. Their results were compared to 20 age‐, gender‐, and risk factor‐matched controls.

Results

There was significantly greater interventricular septum and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, lower LV ejection fraction and greater E/A in CA patients than in controls, suggesting systolic, and diastolic dysfunction. CA patients also showed significantly reduced aortic strain and pulsatile change in aortic diameter, and increased aortic stiffness index.

Conclusion

These results suggest increased aortic stiffness in CA patients.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cephalopagus conjoined twins at 14 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Eris Yalcin Serenat , Akkurt Mehmet Ozgur , Yavuz And , Yalcin Yakup , Sezik Mekin
Published: October 2017

Conjoined twins are extremely rare and are a type of monozygotic twins that occur due to an incomplete embryonic division on postconception day 13 to 15. Eight different types of conjoined twins have been described in the literature. Management of the condition depends on the site and extent of the union. We present a case of cephalopagus twins diagnosed at 14 weeks of gestation.
Systemic sclerosis impacts right heart and cardiac autonomic nervous system
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Zlatanovic Maja , Cuspidi Cesare , Stevanovic Ana , Celic Vera , Damjanov Nemanja , Kocijancic Vesna
Published: October 2017

Aim

To evaluate the influence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) on right ventricular (RV) remodeling by two‐ and three‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE and 3DE) and heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods

Forty‐five SSc patients and 35 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls underwent clinical examination, 24‐h Holter monitoring, and comprehensive 2DE and 3DE.

Results

2DE RV global and RV free wall longitudinal strains, as well as 2DE RV endocardial, mid‐myocardial, and epicardial longitudinal strains were lower in SSc subjects, who exhibited greater 3DE RV volumes but lower 3DE RV ejection fraction than controls. HRV indices were impaired in SSc subjects. These differences in RV global and free wall longitudinal strain, layer‐specific strains, and ejection fraction, were associated with HRV indices independently of demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters. Modified Rodnan Skin Score, clinical indicator of skin involvement in SSc, was associated with HRV parameters, RV layer‐specific mechanics, and RV ejection fraction.

Conclusion

SSc affects RV function and mechanics of all myocardial layers, as well as cardiac autonomic nervous function. HRV indices are significantly associated with RV function, RV deformation, and skin involvement in SSc patients.
Recent developments in nanotechnology transforming the agricultural sector: a transition replete with opportunities
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Kadam Avinash , Shinde Surendra , Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Patra Jayanta , Ghodake Gajanan
Published: October 2017

The applications and benefits of nanotechnology in the agricultural sector have attracted considerable attention, particularly in the invention of unique nanopesticides and nanofertilisers. The contemporary developments in nanotechnology are acknowledged and the most significant opportunities awaiting the agriculture sector from the recent scientific and technical literature are addressed. This review discusses the significance of recent trends in nanomaterial‐based sensors available for the sustainable management of agricultural soil, as well as the role of nanotechnology in detection and protection against plant pathogens, and for food quality and safety. Novel nanosensors have been reported for primary applications in improving crop practices, food quality, and packaging methods, thus will change the agricultural sector for potentially better and healthier food products. Nanotechnology is well‐known to play a significant role in the effective management of phytopathogens, nutrient utilisation, controlled release of pesticides, and fertilisers. Research and scientific gaps to be overcome and fundamental questions have been addressed to fuel active development and application of nanotechnology. Together, nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology offer a plethora of opportunities, proving a viable alternative in the agriculture and food processing sector, by providing a novel and advanced solutions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of short‐term UV irradiation on grains of sensitive and tolerant cereal genotypes studied by EPR
Authors: Kurdziel Magdalena , Filek Maria , Łabanowska Maria
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

UV irradiation has ionisation character and leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The destructive character of ROS was observed among others during interaction of cereal grains with ozone and was caused by changes in structures of biomolecules leading to the formation of stable organic radicals. That effect was more evident for stress sensitive genotypes. In this study we investigated the influence of UV irradiation on cereal grains originating from genotypes with different tolerance to oxidative stress.

RESULTS

Grains and their parts (endosperm, embryo and seed coat) of barley, wheat and oat were subjected to short‐term UV irradiation. It was found that UV caused the appearance of various kinds of reactive species (O2−•, H2O2) and stable radicals (semiquinone, phenoxyl and carbon‐centred). Simultaneously, lipid peroxidation occurred and the organic structure of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes become disturbed.

CONCLUSIONS

UV irradiation causes damage of main biochemical structures of plant tissues, the effect is more significant in sensitive genotypes. In comparison with ozone treatment, UV irradiation leads to stronger destruction of biomolecules in grains and their parts. It is caused by the high energy of UV light, facilitating easier breakage of molecular bonds in biochemical compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
How to model temporal changes in nontargeted metabolomics study? A Bayesian multilevel perspective
Authors: Wiczling Paweł , Daghir‐Wojtkowiak Emilia , Yumba Mpanga Arlette , Szczesny Damian , Kaliszan Roman , Markuszewski Michał Jan
Published: October 2017

Analysis of time series data addresses the question on mechanisms underlying normal physiology and its alteration under pathological conditions. However, adding time variable to high‐dimension, collinear, noisy data is a challenge in terms of mining and analysis. Here, we used Bayesian multilevel modeling for time series metabolomics in vivo study to model different levels of random effects occurring as a consequence of hierarchical data structure. A multilevel linear model assuming different treatment effects with double exponential prior, considering major sources of variability and robustness to outliers was proposed and tested in terms of performance. The treatment effect for each metabolite was close to zero suggesting small if any effect of cancer on metabolomics profile change. The average difference in 964 signals for all metabolites varied by a factor ranging from 0.8 to 1.25. The inter‐rat variability (expressed as a coefficient of variation) ranged from 3–30% across all metabolites with median around 10%, whereas the inter‐occasion variability ranged from 0–30% with a median around 5%. Approximately 36% of metabolites contained outlying data points. The complex correlation structure between metabolite signals was revealed. We conclude that kinetics of metabolites can be modeled using tools accepted in pharmacokinetics type of studies.
Developing a destination image through the perceptions of stakeholders: A case study
Authors: Rosa Paulo , Carvalhinho Luís , Soares Jorge
Published: October 2017

This study relates to the management of recreation and tourism in protected areas (PAs) and reflects a case study developed in the Natural Park of Serras de Aire e Candeeiros. Through the perceptions of stakeholders, the objective was to contribute to the definition of this PA destination's image. Mixed methods were used, employing the triangulation of data and samples. We found a connection between tangible and intangible factors in the Natural Park of Serras de Aire e Candeeiros image, as well as the main factors that characterize this PA. We advocate that a more complete understanding of stakeholder profiles is an important aspect beyond processual features in defining destination image.