DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Yaropud Vitalii , Babyn Ihor 
Published: November 2024

Animal husbandry, as an integral component of the agro-industrial complex, plays a decisive role in ensuring Ukraine's food security, stimulating the development of rural areas and promoting the country's economic growth. However, the industry is significantly affected by both internal and external factors, which requires a comprehensive analysis and development of effective development strategies. The relevance of the monograph lies in the need for a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of animal husbandry in Ukraine in the context of global changes occurring in the agro-industrial sector. The growth of the world population, changing consumer preferences, climate change and increased competition in the global food market pose new challenges to the industry. At the same time, animal husbandry has significant potential for development and can become one of the drivers of economic growth in Ukraine. The main method of increasing the productivity of animals remains the creation and improvement of breeds with a high level of genetic potential through purposeful selection and breeding work. However, for the use of livestock, it is important to provide technological conditions that allow the animals to show their potential as effectively as possible. Animal health and productivity largely depend on the microclimate of livestock premises. If it does not comply with the optimal zoohygienic parameters, the hope of cows decreases by 10...20%, the weight gain of animals - by 20...30%, the departure of young animals reaches 30%. The creation of a favorable microclimate in livestock premises also affects the working conditions of service personnel, the service life of buildings, and the improvement of operating conditions of technological equipment. Making mistakes in the projects of farms, complexes and various deviations in order to save money during the construction and reconstruction of buildings leads to a violation of the parameters of the microclimate in the premises, that is, a change in the conditions of maintenance. A suboptimal microclimate can lead to disruption of the interaction between the animal organism and the air environment. According to a number of researchers, environmental factors affect the body in a complex manner, therefore, for an effective assessment of the microclimate, it is necessary to consider its indicators in combination with each other. Thus, a low temperature with optimal humidity leads to an increase in metabolism and an increase in heat production, while high temperature and air humidity make it difficult for moisture to evaporate from the skin and, as a result, the body overheats - the condition worsens. The microclimate in cowsheds is determined by many factors, including climatic conditions in the region, the time of year, structural features of livestock premises, and the efficiency of the main technological processes. The natural and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic, the climate has a moderately continental character, are of great importance in this regard. The average long-term air temperature in January is -14°C (in cold periods the air temperature reaches -45.0°C), in July it is +19.0°C (in the period of extreme heat it reaches +38°C). The average annual precipitation is from 450 to 600 mm. The wind load is 27 kg/m with the predominance of the northwest wind throughout the year. Inconsistency of the actual constructive solutions with the typical causes significant heat losses of buildings, creation of unsatisfactory conditions for keeping animals, deterioration of the air environment. Nevertheless, livestock premises are often built in farms without the necessary calculations, documents and without compliance with regulations. The monograph was written as part of the implementation of the state theme on the basis of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University Development of a complex of technical and technological support for energy- and resource-saving production of animal husbandry products within the framework of EGD (State registration number: 0123U101794).