bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Covalent Interactions Directed Supramolecular Helices from H‐bonded Building Blocks
Authors: Liu Chuan‐Zhi , Hou Shuang‐Shuang , Zhang Chi , Wang Tao , Zhai Bin
Published: November 2024

Chemists have developed sophisticated structural monomers and meticulously regulated the strength and directionality of non‐covalent interactions to assemble a variety of novel supramolecular helices in accordance with the second strategy, resulting in significant research advancements. These investigations not only enhance our comprehension of the supramolecular assembly process but also inspire innovative approaches for the development of supramolecular materials and related domains within materials chemistry. In the strategy for constructing supramolecular helices, utilizing non‐covalent interactions between monomers as a bonding force is an effective method for further assembling monomeric units with H‐bonded meniscus structures into helical configurations. Hydrogen and and halogen bonds represent two distinct categories of non‐covalent interactions that have increasingly attracted scholarly attention in recent years, demonstrating extensive and significant applications in the assembly of diverse supramolecular topologies. This paper provides a summary of several instances where these interactions facilitate the self‐assembly of supramolecular helices. Moreover, although the development of chalcogen bonding has emerged relatively recently compared to their counterparts, and despite their limited application in complex assembly structures, they have nonetheless been effectively employed in the construction of supramolecular helices.
Kinematic Analysis and Optimization of Jerk Considering Elasticity of Weightlifting Bar and Damping Effect of Body in Clean and Jerk
Authors: Jon Min Hyok , Rim Un‐Ryong
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is kinematic analysis and optimization of jerk considering elasticity of the weightlifting bar and damping effect of the body. In order for weightlifters to achieve good technical skills in clean and jerk, the elasticity of weightlifting bar needs to be examined. First of all, barbell's trajectory, which leads to derivation of barbell's velocity and acceleration over time, is tracked by using image processing technology such as pattern recognition from video clip filmed the lifter's performance. Since the pull used during the clean is similar to the pull used during the snatch, the focus is set on examination of the jerk. Five kinematic characteristics—“Jerk‐Preparing‐Time,” “Jerk‐Drive‐Velocity,” “Jerk‐Time,” “Jerk‐Offset,” and “Jerk‐Drop” are newly introduced to evaluate the jerk technique. Then, a kinematic model which is comprised of springs and dashpots is proposed in order to simulate and optimize the jerk using elasticity of weightlifting bar. Spring constant and damping coefficient of the model is estimated by analyzing the barbell's oscillation on the shoulders. Besides, spring constant is calculated by theory of bending of beam, as well. Finally, an optimal control problem based on the proposed kinematic model is formulated to optimize the jerk. The methodology is illustrated with case study, showing good agreement with actual lifts. It could be useful for improving the jerk technique.
Retrospective characterization of seizure semiology and treatment using continuous video‐EEG monitoring in neonatal encephalopathy in Uganda
Authors: Proietti J. , Nanyunja C. , Mathieson S. R. , Duckworth E. , Sadoo S. , Mambule I. , Nakimuli A. , Tann C. J. , Boylan G. B.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of childhood death and disability, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. Detection of NE‐related seizures is challenging. We explored NE seizure semiology and management in Uganda.

Methods

Video‐EEG was recorded (days 1–5), seizure semiology reviewed according to ILAE classification and administration of antiseizure medication (ASM) evaluated. Clinicians treated seizures based on the clinical presentation alone.

Results

Among 50 participants, 52% (26) had EEG‐confirmed seizures; 70% (18) combined electroclinical/electrographic; 4% (1) exclusively electroclinical; 22% (6) electrographic. Of those with electroclinical seizures (19), 42% displayed >1 semiology. Distribution of seizure semiology was; clonic 34% (11); autonomic 24% (8, of which 6 had prolonged ictal apnea); automatisms 18% (6); behavioral arrest 12% (4); and sequential 12% (4). ASM was administered to 64% (32/50). Of those with EEG‐confirmed seizures, only 62% (16/26) received ASM. In the non‐seizure group, 38% (9/24) received ASM during monitoring. ASM was administered 42 times, of which 45% (19) were considered appropriate.

Significance

In this Ugandan NE population, incidence of seizures was high and clinical manifestations frequent. Clonic, autonomic and automatisms were most common. Clinical management was challenging, with both under and overtreatment evident. Respiratory impairment due to autonomic seizures frequently went unrecognized and is a prominent concern, particularly in settings without neonatal intensive care.
Evolution Law of Stress Field and Pressure Relief Effect of Coal Seam After Drilling
Authors: Yin Yanchun , Yao Chuanru , Han Yueyong , Qiu Yue , Li Changqing , Chen Yang
Published: November 2024

As an effective means of coal burst prevention, large‐diameter drilling pressure relief technology have been widely used in coal burst mines in China. Engineering practice shows that drilling pressure relief has obvious time‐effect. Through the establishment of drilling pressure relief numerical model, the evolution law of stress field and plastic zone in different periods after drilling was studied. The evolution of the pressure relief effect of large‐diameter borehole is closely related to the development degree of cracks around the borehole. The stress transfer process after drilling can be divided into the pressure relief beginning stage, rapid pressure relief stage, and pressure stable stage. The pressure relief time effect is affected by borehole parameters. When the diameter increases from 100 to 250 mm, the time required for the stress transfer process is reduced by 50%. When the borehole spacing is reduced from 2 to 0.5 m, the time required for the stress transfer process is reduced by 33.3%. Changing the borehole depth has no significant effect on the stress transfer rate. Therefore, in the coal burst risk roadway, pre‐relief should be carried out to leave sufficient time for large‐diameter boreholes to make pressure relief work.
Reflections on Building an Artificial Intelligence Bot to Prepare Students to Engage in Strategic Conversations During Foresight Fieldwork
Authors: Gonçalves Rui Pedro , Spaniol Matthew J. , Rowland Nicholas J. , Rytter Niels Gorm Malý
Published: November 2024

This paper is primarily based on experientially derived insights about building a bot with artificial intelligence (AI)–in this case, chat generative pre‐trained transformer (ChatGPT)–to prepare students to engage in strategic conversations during foresight fieldwork. The motivation of the exploratory process outlined in this paper is the pedagogical concern of sending students into the field sufficiently prepared to meet the expectations of external stakeholders. The authors explore a in‐class prompt engineering exercise to create a “chief operating bot” (COB) to simulate a C‐suite executive. The student‐faculty team input hand‐selected, industry‐specific, company‐generated documentation, and, after asking ChatGPT to “roleplay” the COO, the student queries this COB in an exploratory fashion embedded in a contained, consequence‐free learning environment. The audience for this paper is faculty responsible for overseeing student engagement experiences like fieldwork, as well as department heads and school deans looking to promote new tools and advance novel applications of AI in their units. The authors explore ways to enhance student readiness for scenario fieldwork based on an exercise drawn from van der Heijden's clairvoyant question, which we refer to colloquially as the “crystal ball thought experiment.” The authors, upon reflection, conclude that the COB can valuably supplement–but not fully replace–face‐to‐face interactions with a COO. Broadly, leveraging AI to create interactive tools like COBs has the potential to transform business education by bridging academic preparation with real‐world demands, enhancing student readiness, advancing AI‐assisted curricula, and contributing to strategic planning and regional development.
Recommendations for Research to Develop a Patient‐Centered Clinical Follow‐Up Protocol for Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Güneri Pelin , Bolukbasi Gaye , Ilhan Betul , Epstein Joel B. , Warnakulasuriya Saman
Published: November 2024

Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the primary histological marker for assessing the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to cancer. Despite challenges in grading and low inter‐pathologist reproducibility, OED severity remains the key predictor of malignant transformation. However, globally accepted guidelines for OED monitoring are lacking, despite calls for individualized management based on host and lesion characteristics. The proposed research protocol involves acquiring high‐quality intraoral images, assessing oral hygiene and periodontal status, eliminating chronic mechanical irritation and Candida infections, and applying adjunctive diagnostic methods like toluidine blue staining, optical evaluation, and brush cytology. Tailored follow‐up regimens based on individual risk assessments are emphasized, with frequent monitoring for high‐grade dysplasia or patients at higher risk of progression. Therefore, effective OED management should consider the patient's immune status, dietary habits, and oral microbiota, aiming to develop personalized treatment strategies that optimize patient‐centered care.
Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Heat Sink Comprised of Perforated Foam Fins Embedded Within a Phase Change Material
Authors: Theeb Ali Hussein F. , Hussain Ihsan Y.
Published: November 2024

This study presented a numerical model to evaluate a novel design of a hybrid heat sink incorporating perforated foam fins (PFFs) instead of solid fins (SFs) within a phase change material (PCM). This innovation is designed to enhance thermal performance in electronic cooling applications. The base of the heat sink was subjected to constant heat fluxes of 2, 3, and 4 kW/m2. The effect of the perforation location (top, center, and bottom) within the foam fin and foam porosities (0.85, 0.90, and 0.95) were investigated. The results showed that the hybrid PFF design demonstrably improved thermal efficiency compared to the SF configuration. This innovative approach offered three benefits: a significant reduction in overall heat sink weight, an augmentation of the thermal conductivity of PCM, and the intermixed molten PCM between the fins passages through perforations. The PFF heat sink extended the operational time by 6%–8% for the range of heat fluxes at SPT of 70°C and led to a 24.5% increase in PCM volume, compared to the SF configuration. Complete melting of the PCM in the PFF heat sink is observed at 29 min for the highest heat flux of 4 kW/m2, while the melting rates are 25% and 62% for the applied heat flux of 2 and 3 kW/m2. Perforation location within the foam fin (top, center, and bottom) achieved equivalent heat transfer capabilities, enabling design flexibility for perforation location. The PFF with a porosity of 0.85 demonstrated superior thermal performance.
Geostatistical Interpolation Approach for Improving Flood Simulation Within a Data‐Scarce Region in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guédé Kanon Guédet , Yu Zhongbo , Hofmeister Florentin , Gu Huanghe , Mohammadi Babak , Chen Xuegao , Lin Hui , Shen Tongqing , Gouertoumbo Willy Franz
Published: November 2024

The complex orography of the Tibetan plateau (TP) and the scarcity and uneven spatial distribution of meteorological stations present significant challenges in accurately estimating meteorological variables for hydrological simulations. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of daily precipitation and temperature interpolation for hydrological simulations in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB), particularly during flood events. We evaluate and compare the performance of deterministic Inverse Distance Weighting—IDW and geostatistical (Ordinary Kriging—OK and Kriging with External Drift—KED) interpolation methods for estimating precipitation and temperature patterns. Subsequently, we investigate the influence of different interpolation methods on hydrological simulations by using the interpolated meteorological data as input for the Water Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) to simulate daily discharge in the LRB. Our results revealed that geostatistical methods, specifically OK and KED, are more effective in capturing the spatial variability and anisotropy inherent in precipitation patterns influenced by the Indian summer monsoons. In addition, the KED method effectively captured the daily variation of the temperature lapse rate, indicating the inadequacy of using a constant lapse rate for hydrological modelling in high‐elevation regions like the TP. The geostatistical technique outperformed the Deterministic method, with KED realising the best temperature and precipitation interpolation performance based on cross‐validation results. However, although KED provides superior results based on cross‐validation performance, applying its precipitation interpolation as input into WaSiM led to the poorest discharge simulation. The combination of OK for precipitation and KED for temperature produced the most accurate discharge simulations in the LRB, highlighting the importance of not solely relying on cross‐validation results but also considering the practical implications of interpolation methods on hydrological model outputs. Our study offers a robust framework for improving flood simulations and water resource management in a data‐scarce, high‐elevation region like the TP.
Environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and esophageal cancer: A population‐based case‐control study in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Jin Zi‐Yi , Liu Kuangyu , Wallar Gina , Zhou Jin‐Yi , Mu Li‐Na , Liu Xing , Li Li‐Ming , He Na , Wu Ming , Zhao Jin‐Kou , Zhang Zuo‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Esophageal cancer continues to pose a significant public health issue in areas with increased incidence rates such as China. Although involuntary smoking was defined as a group 1 carcinogen for lung cancer, few studies have explored the impact of environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) on esophageal cancer. In this paper, we examined the association between ETS and esophageal cancer in high‐risk groups in Jiangsu Province, China. Epidemiologic data were collected for 2969 newly diagnosed cases and 8019 population controls including exposure to active/passive smoking and risk factors. The unconditional logistic regression model and the semi‐Bayes (SB) method were applied to assess adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). ETS exposure (ever vs. never) was positively associated with esophageal cancer with an SB‐adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.44 (1.31–1.58) among overall population, and 1.56 (1.35–1.82) among non‐smokers (i.e., non‐active smokers), with corresponding population attributable fractions of 15.0% (95% CI: 10.3%–18.9%) and 12.1% (95% CI: 8.8%–19.8%), respectively. The association was more prominent in men at work and in women at home, with SB‐adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.36 (1.17–1.58) and 1.61 (1.35–1.58), respectively. A dose–response relationship between ETS exposure and the disease was detected across the entire population as well as in non‐smokers. This is the largest population‐based case–control study of ETS and esophageal cancer and the first study to evaluate such association among non‐smokers in a Chinese population. We recommend strengthening the ongoing anti‐tobacco public health initiatives in China with a particular emphasis on creating a tobacco‐free work/home environment.
Targeting CD36 With EP 80317 Reduces Remote Inflammatory Response to Hind Limb Ischemia‐Reperfusion in Mice
Authors: Elimam Hanan , Gauvin Jade , Huynh David N. , Ménard Liliane , Al‐Hawat Marie‐Lynn , Harb Diala , Lubell William D. , Carpentier André C. , Ong Huy , Marleau Sylvie
Published: November 2024

Reperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle triggers oxidative stress and an immediate inflammatory reaction, leading to damage of distant organs such as the lungs. The inflammatory process implicates numerous mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites. In the orchestration of the inflammatory cascade, a critical role is played by the cluster of differentiation‐36 receptor (CD36), a scavenger receptor class B protein (SR‐B2) which is expressed on macrophages and functions as a Toll‐like receptor coreceptor. A mouse model of hind limb ischemia‐reperfusion has been used to investigate the interplay between CD36 signaling and remote inflammation: leukocyte recruitment, regulation of the nucleotide‐binding domain leucin‐rich repeat and pyrin‐containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and release of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ĸB) and arachidonic acid metabolites. Levels of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, and gene expression were measured in blood and lung tissue samples collected from anesthetized mice on which unilateral hind limb ischemia was induced by rubber band constriction for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h. The CD36 modulator EP 80317, a member of the growth hormone releasing peptide 6 family, was employed as a pharmacological agent to mitigate distant lung injury following skeletal limb ischemia‐reperfusion. Targeting CD36 on monocytes/macrophages, EP 80317 abated pro‐inflammatory signaling and transcriptional activity encompassing lipid and cytokine mediators. Targeting CD36 was shown to offer promise for curtailing tissue injury following hind limb ischemia‐reperfusion.
Astaxanthin‐S‐Allyl Cysteine Ester Protects Pancreatic β‐Cell From Glucolipotoxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and mTOR Pathway Dysregulation
Authors: Sakayanathan Penislusshiyan , Loganathan Chitra , Thayumanavan Palvannan
Published: November 2024

Glucolipotoxicity (GLT) has emerged as established mechanism in the progression of diabetes. Identifying compounds that mitigate GLT‐induced deleterious effect on β‐cells are considered important strategy to overcome diabetes. Hence, in the present study, astaxanthin‐s‐allyl cysteine (AST‐SAC) diester was studied against GLT in β‐cells. Mus musculus pancreatic β‐cell line (βTC‐tet) was treated with high glucose (25 mM; HG) and 95 μM palmitate (PA) for 24 h to induce GLT. AST‐SAC at various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) were treated to understand the protective effect against HG + PA exposure in β‐cells. Under HG + PA exposure conditions oxidative stress, deregulation of mTOR pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are witnessed. AST‐SAC treatment eased oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, calcium overload and accumulation of autophagosome against HG + PA exposure conditions thereby protected the cell viability of β‐cells. AST‐SAC maintained the level of proteins involved in mTOR pathway under HG + PA exposure conditions. Also, AST‐SAC treatment has mitigated the increased expression of genes and proteins such as IRE1 and PERK involved in ER stress‐mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. In correspondence to it, the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion was preserved by AST‐SAC. Due to these protective effects of AST‐SAC the insulin secretion was well‐maintained in β‐cells under HG + PA exposure conditions. AST‐SAC through normalizing antioxidant status and mTOR axis as well as preventing the harmful effect of ER‐stress mediated UPR pathway has promoted the β‐cell survival and insulin secretion against GLT. Simultaneously targeting oxidative stress/mTOR axis/ER stress is required to efficiently overcome GLT in β‐cells.
Global prevalence of anxiety symptoms and its associated factors in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Mohammadi Ida , Rajai Shahryar , Jafarabady Kyana , Abdollahi Abolfazl
Published: November 2024

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of anxiety symptoms in older adults and explore the associated factors contributing to anxiety symptoms in this population. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies published up to 27 February 2023. A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. The global prevalence of anxiety symptoms among older adults was 28%. Subgroup analyses indicated the continent, and the assessment tools significantly affect the overall prevalence. The associated factors identified encompassed sociodemographic, health‐related, and psychosocial domains, with the female gender, physical comorbidities, and low social support and social isolation being the most reported associated factors for anxiety in each domain. The findings of this systematic review and meta‐analysis provide valuable insights into the global prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this population and the associated factors contributing to its occurrence.
Factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with maple syrup urine disease in a tertiary government hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Avila Christine Mae S. , Abacan Mary Ann R.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the factors associated with mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity in patients with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) seen at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines during a 10‐year period. The medical records of patients diagnosed with MSUD seen at Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Socioeconomic, healthcare, and clinical factors were determined. The association of these factors with mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity (developmental delay and seizures) was evaluated through statistical analysis. Seventy‐five records of MUSD cases were available for review. Fifty‐five percent of patients had developmental delay and 57% had seizures. Mortality rate was 25%. Age at collection of newborn screening (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60, p = 0.022) and the number of metabolic crisis in a year (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.5–19.0, p = 0.008) were significantly associated with increased mortality. Male sex (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.06–7.26, p = 0.037) and dietary non‐compliance (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.48–4.42, p = 0.001) were associated with increased developmental delay. Age above 5 years (OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.15–36.57, p = 0.034) and nosocomial infections (OR 6.96, 95% CI 1.33–36.53, p = 0.022) were associated with occurrence of seizures. In conclusion, among our cohort of MSUD patients, the age at collection of newborn screening and the number of metabolic crises annually were associated with increased mortality. Male sex, dietary non‐compliance, and nosocomial infections were associated with increased neurodevelopmental morbidity.
Research Progress and Applications of Benzocyclobutene‐Based Functional Polymers
Authors: Wang Qi , Xie Meng , He Yan , Xue Rui , Guo Jin , Fu Wenxin
Published: November 2024

Benzocyclobutene (BCB) stands out as a compound of remarkable structural distinction, featuring a thermodynamically stable benzene ring coupled with a kinetically dynamic four‐membered ring. This unique structure allows for ring‐opening reactions under specific conditions, leading to the formation of crosslinking products. The primary initiation for the ring‐opening of the four‐membered ring in BCB is heat, although mechanical stress and light exposure can also trigger this transformation. This ability has catapulted it to prominence in the field of polymer material development. It has spurred the creation of a vast array of polymers that incorporate BCB groups either in their main chains or side chains, showcasing BCB's extensive applicability as a crosslinking agent. Additionally, BCB‐based polymers (BCB polymer) exhibit a suite of desirable properties, such as exceptional dielectric characteristics, chemical and thermal resilience, minimal thermal expansion, and low moisture uptake. These attributes render them particularly suitable for a range of applications, including electronic packaging, silicon‐based photonic integration, flat panel display technology, biomedical devices, and beyond. This paper delves into the various methods of inducing ring‐opening crosslinking in BCB, summarizes the recent advancements in performance enhancement of BCB polymer materials, and examines their wide applications in different fields.
Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide in the Presence of Functional Transfer Agents Provides Telechelic Polycarbonates: Synthesis of CO2‐Containing Macromonomers and Macroinitiators
Authors: Chiarcos Riccardo , Sparnacci Katia , Antonioli Diego , Carroccio Sabrina Carola , Curcuruto Giusy , Po Riccardo , Biagini Paolo , Losio Simona , Laus Michele
Published: November 2024

One possible way to store the excess CO2 present in atmosphere is to use it as a reagent for the synthesis of commodities. In particular, CO2 and epoxides can be copolymerized to produce a large variety of polycarbonates which appear very promising in various application fields. Further, the addition of an appropriate transfer agent in the reaction mixture promotes the formation of telechelic polycarbonates which can be used where specific functional polymers are necessary. In this work, (hydroxyethyl) methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate species are exploited as transfer agents in the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide, in the presence of a macrocyclic phenolate dimagnesium catalyst. The effect of the transfer agent concentration on the polycarbonate characteristics is evaluated. Finally, the obtained telechelic polycarbonates are used as macromonomers and macroinitiators in the synthesis of statistical and block copolymers.
Combined Habit Reversal Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study of Effectiveness and Response Duration
Authors: Eisenhauer Jennifer , Buckland Alison , Watson Stuart , Stell Rick
Published: November 2024

Background

Few studies have examined the effectiveness and duration of mindfulness‐based therapies for tics in Tourette's syndrome. This study combined habit reversal therapy (HRT) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and response duration of HRT + ACT in reducing tic severity in adults with Tourette's Syndrome.

Methods

Tic severity was assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and video assessments. The intervention included eight weekly 1‐h sessions.

Results

Mixed‐effects regression showed significant reductions in tic severity post‐treatment (b = −10.36, P = 0.002), maintained at 6 months (b = −8.19, P = 0.012) and 12 months (b = −8.82, P = 0.009). Video assessments confirmed these findings.

Conclusion

The HRT + ACT protocol effectively reduced tic severity, with benefits lasting 12 months. These results support further trials to compare HRT + ACT with HRT alone.
Fractional Newton‐type integral inequalities for the Caputo fractional operator
Authors: Mahajan Yukti , Nagar Harish
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present a set of Newton‐type inequalities for n‐times differentiable convex functions using the Caputo fractional operator, extending classical results into the fractional calculus domain. Our exploration also includes the derivation of Newton‐type inequalities for various classes of functions by employing the Caputo fractional operator, thereby broadening the scope of these inequalities beyond convexity. In addition, we establish several fractional Newton‐type inequalities by using bounded functions in conjunction with fractional integrals. Furthermore, we develop specific fractional Newton‐type inequalities tailored to Lipschitzian functions. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the significance of fractional calculus in refining classical inequalities and demonstrates how the Caputo fractional operator provides a more generalized framework for addressing problems involving non‐integer order differentiation. The inclusion of bounded and Lipschitzian functions introduces additional layers of complexity, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of function behaviors under fractional operations.
Efficient Acceleration Framework for Complex‐Valued Linear Systems: Alternating Anderson Accelerating Preconditioned Richardson Approach
Authors: Li Zhizhi , Zhang Huai
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the efficiency of Anderson acceleration (AA) and the fact that its un‐truncated version is essentially equivalent to the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) for solving linear systems, in this study, the preconditioned alternating Anderson acceleration Richardson (PA3R) approach is proposed as an acceleration framework, and its relationship to AA and GMRES is examined from a spectrum perspective. Next, the convergence condition of the PA3R approach is demonstrated to be (where is the splitting of system matrix ) for a general system matrix, which always holds for the mature splitting iteration methods. This new approach is applied to four well‐established splitting methods to solve complex symmetric linear systems. Furthermore, the optimal relaxation parameters are investigated, showing that the eigenvalue distribution region of the iteration matrices of the resulting methods are approximately half of that of the original methods. The numerical results indicate that for examples with dimensions exceeding 4 million, the use of the PA3R approach results in a significant efficiency improvement especially in terms of CPU time compared with the non‐PA3R version.
Adaptive Factored Incomplete Inverse Matrices
Authors: Filelis‐Papadopoulos Christos K.
Published: November 2024

The solution of large sparse linear systems is an essential part in many scientific fields. Numerical solution of such systems is usually performed using iterative methods in conjunction with effective preconditioning schemes. A new class of factored approximate inverses is proposed, namely adaptive factored incomplete inverse matrices, which are computed using a recursive Schur complement‐based approach. This class of approximate inverses does not require the knowledge of a sparsity pattern, which is formed adaptively during computation. For this to be possible, a flexible sparse storage scheme was designed. Several numerical dropping strategies are showcased and discussed, along with the effects of reordering to the preconditioner density and the corresponding convergence behavior. Dropping based on monitoring the growth of elements in the incomplete LU factorization is also presented and discussed along with improvements during computation of the successive Schur complements. A static sparsity pattern variant is also provided and discussed. Implementation details and analysis, for computing the proposed scheme, are given along with the computational complexity and memory requirements. Numerical results depicting the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme are also presented.
The Incidence of Underlying Mental Health Disorders in a Facial Synkinesis Population
Authors: DeSisto Nicole G. , Longino Elizabeth S. , Ortiz Alexandra S. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Patel Priyesh N. , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Synkinesis is estimated to impact 10% to 50% of those with facial palsy. We aim to identify the incidence and factors associated with anxiety and depression in the facial synkinesis population.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Patients aged 18 and older with a diagnosis of facial synkinesis at a tertiary medical center were eligible for inclusion.

Methods

Demographic variables were collected, and the following surveys were distributed: Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire, Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale, Facial Disability Index, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale. Patient videos were graded for physician perceived severity using the Electronic Facial Paralysis Assessment and Sunnybrook scale. Analysis of the overall incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms as well as the impact of demographic factors was performed using Pearson product moment correlation and regression modeling.

Results

One‐hundred patients met inclusion criteria. Over 25% of patients met criteria for possible or probable depression and the most common appearance‐related anxiety score was 30, indicating severe anxiety. Female gender, younger age, and previous history of anxiety and depression were associated with increased depression and anxiety scores at baseline with shorter duration of synkinesis also trending toward higher scores. Worse patient reported severity was also associated with increased depression and appearance‐related anxiety scores.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of depression and appearance‐related anxiety is relatively high in patients with facial synkinesis.
Acoustic Monitoring Efficiently Identifies Pipeline Leaks
Authors: Orsini Jason
Published: November 2024

A Pennsylvania water utility was facing nonrevenue water loss of 20%. By implementing a remote acoustic monitoring system, the utility significantly decreased water loss, reduced costs and employee overtime, and improved customer service.
Operators Need to Know How to Make Ethical Decisions
Authors: Chitikela S. Rao , Adams Hunter , Thomas Dave , Ash Steve , Southard Mark
Published: November 2024

Understanding how ethics inform a water treatment plant operator's daily experience helps staff realize the significance of their efforts to protect public health and the environment.
Connecting With Building Water System Operators and Managers
Authors: Burlingame Gary A. , Bartrand Timothy A. , Lohr Christoph , Mullen John A.
Published: November 2024

Public water systems have access to an abundance of professional expertise and technical resources. Sharing this information with customers who operate and manage building water systems provides numerous benefits.
Stop Guessing About Underwater Inspection and Repair Projects
Authors: Griffin Kenneth
Published: November 2024

When a water utility project calls for underwater work, it's up to the utility to secure a competent dive contractor. It's important to understand what's expected of a qualified contractor and know how to find one.
Investigating pH Swings at Denver Water
Authors: Flack Brandon , Bertoia Corinne , Stucky Alan
Published: November 2024

Denver Water used a variety of water treatment and chemistry approaches to resolve fluctuating pH levels and meet its Lead and Copper Rule variance requirements.
Structure‐preserving numerical methods for Fokker–Planck equations
Authors: Bartel Hanna , Lampert Joshua , Ranocha Hendrik
Published: November 2024

A common way to numerically solve Fokker–Planck equations is the Chang–Cooper method in space combined with one of the Euler methods in time. However, the explicit Euler method is only conditionally positive, leading to severe restrictions on the time step to ensure positivity. On the other hand, the implicit Euler method is robust but nonlinearly implicit. Instead, we propose to combine the Chang–Cooper method with unconditionally positive Patankar‐type time integration methods, since they are unconditionally positive, robust for stiff problems, only linearly implicit, and also higher‐order accurate. We describe the combined approach, analyse it, and present a relevant numerical example demonstrating advantages compared to schemes proposed in the literature.
Optimization of approximate maps for linear systems arising in discretized PDEs
Authors: Islam Rishad , Carr Arielle , Jacobs Colin
Published: November 2024

Generally, discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs) creates a sequence of linear systems with well‐known and structured sparsity patterns. Preconditioners are often necessary to achieve fast convergence when solving these linear systems using iterative solvers. We can use preconditioner updates for closely related systems instead of computing a preconditioner for each system from scratch. One such preconditioner update is the sparse approximate map (SAM), which is based on the sparse approximate inverse preconditioner using a least squares approximation. A SAM then acts as a map from one matrix in the sequence to another nearby one for which we have an effective preconditioner. To efficiently compute an effective SAM update (i.e., one that facilitates fast convergence of the iterative solver), we seek to compute an optimal sparsity pattern. In this paper, we examine several sparsity patterns for computing the SAM update to characterize optimal or near‐optimal sparsity patterns for linear systems arising from discretized PDEs.
Divergent values and perspectives drive three distinct viewpoints on grizzly bear reintroduction in Washington, the United States
Authors: Easter Tara S. , Santo Anna R. , Sage Abigail H. , Carter Neil H. , Chan Kai M. A. , Ransom Jason I.
Published: November 2024

The success or failure of apex carnivore reintroduction efforts can hinge on understanding and attending to diverse viewpoints of those involved in and impacted by reintroductions. Yet, viewpoints vary widely due to a suite of complex and intersecting factors, such as values, beliefs and sociocultural context. We ask, ‘what are the diverse viewpoints that exist surrounding apex carnivore recovery and what kinds of emotional, analytical and values‐based judgments might people use to construct their viewpoints?’

We used Q‐methodology to identify distinct, generalized viewpoints and areas of overlap and divergence between them, surrounding a proposal to reintroduce grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) to the North Cascades Ecosystem, USA. Q‐methodology combines qualitative and quantitative methods by asking purposefully sampled respondents to sort various statements on a given topic into an ordered grid.

We found three distinct viewpoints among 67 respondents using factor analysis and responses to open‐ended questions about the sorting exercise. Two of these viewpoints represent essentially polarized perspectives corresponding to deeply normative notions about grizzly bear recovery, where one views reintroducing bears as a moral requisite, and the other views it as inappropriate and risky. These viewpoints primarily diverged on their perceptions of risk and perspectives about our collective responsibilities to and appropriate relationships with others (i.e. ‘relational values’). The third viewpoint was distinguished by its prioritization of practical considerations and views reintroducing bears as impractical and not sensible.

Our analysis underscores the need to identify and attend to latent viewpoints that may be overlooked in the polarized public discourse as well as the multiple value systems and perceptions of risk that are integrated in perspectives on grizzly bear reintroduction. Additionally, our broadly defined identity groups were of very little utility in predicting viewpoints in this study, highlighting the importance of avoiding assumptions about people's views based on their identities and interests.

We argue that forefronting conversations about responsibilities and appropriate relationships is critical for finding acceptable paths forward in such recovery efforts. We discuss the management implications of these findings for the North Cascades grizzly bear reintroduction, and for other large carnivore reintroductions.

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Analysis of the effects of interfacial parameters on the thermal conductivity properties of SiC/SMPU composites
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Bao Jianing , Wei Jiabin , Yuan Xueran , Wang Xinqi , Zhang Heng , Wang Hongyang , Chen Hairong , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC)/shape‐memory polyurethane (SMPU) soft robots possess programmable shapes and dual‐drive capabilities based on electrical and thermal methods. Enhancing the thermal conductivity (TC) of these composite materials effectively enhances the driving performance of the soft robots. In this study, we tune the interfacial thickness between SiC particles and the SMPU polymer matrix to regulate the TC of the composites. The optimized composite exhibits a 244% increase in the in‐plane TC and 153% increase in the out‐of‐plane TC. Furthermore, optimization significantly enhances the speed and efficiency of the soft robots. This study reveals that interfacial thickness is a key factor in regulating interfacial heat transfer, potentially introducing a new approach for reducing interfacial thermal resistance in composite materials. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of interfacial heat‐ transfer mechanisms and establishes a new theoretical framework for designing and fabricating advanced composite materials for soft robots.

Highlights

Interfacial heat‐ transfer mechanism was revealed.

Interfacial thickness primarily controls interfacial heat transfer.

The in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal conductivities of prepared composites were enhanced by 244% and 153%, respectively, by modifying the interfacial thickness.

The multifunctional performance of the composites was improved due to microscale mechanisms.
Spreading of Dynamically Crosslinked Polydimethylsiloxane Drops
Authors: Ko Kyujin , Chaudhuri Krishnaroop , Park Junyong , Wooh Sanghyuk , Yavitt Benjamin M. , Pham Jonathan T.
Published: November 2024

Dynamically crosslinked polymer networks, characterized by non‐permanent bonds, offer unique viscoelastic properties that can be used for various applications such as self‐healing coatings and reusable adhesives. This study investigates the spreading behavior of a silicone polymer network with dynamic imine bonds, focusing on the relationship between material properties and spreading dynamics. We prepare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks with varied rheological properties by adjusting the ratio of amine and aldehyde groups and curing conditions. The spreading of PDMS spherical drops is investigated on surfaces with different surface energies, with the process quantified by measuring the contact length and height over time. Our findings reveal that higher modulus spheres spread more slowly, and that the spreading length increases more on high energy surfaces. This research could provide insights for developing coatings and adhesives with tunable properties by studying the interaction between transiently‐crosslinked polymers and substrates during spreading.
Plasma‐Catalytic CO2 Methanation Over Supported Ni–Co Catalysts Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Qin Shiji , Tang Shouxian , Sang Lijun , Cheng Jiushan , Liu Zhongwei
Published: November 2024

Incorporating suitable promoters into nickel‐based catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation proves to be a successful strategy for enhancing catalyst structure, optimizing surface properties, mitigating deactivation, and ultimately boosting catalytic performance. This study focuses on the synthesis of Co‐modified Ni/CaCO3 catalysts using the solution combustion synthesis method. The catalytic activity of the afforded catalysts has been evaluated for CO2 methanation in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor operating at a gaseous hourly space velocity of 11,320 h−1 and an H2:CO2 ratio of 4:1. The catalyst exhibits optimal performance at a Ni:Co ratio of 13:2, achieving a CO2 conversion rate of 57.5% and CH4 selectivity of 92.4%. Characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, programmed temperature‐raising hydrogen reduction, carbon dioxide desorption, and in situ plasma DRIFTS are employed to evaluate the catalysts. The results indicate that the addition of Co to Ni‐based catalysts leads to an increase in moderately basic sites, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of catalysts for CO2 methanation. Notably, the combination of the plasma and the Ni–Co catalyst offers a novel pathway for CO2 methanation, featuring higher energy efficiency and superior synergistic effects compared to monometallic catalysts.
The structural logic of dynamic signaling in the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor
Authors: Reyes Georgina I. , Flack Caralyn E. , Parkinson John S.
Published: November 2024

The experimental challenges posed by integral membrane proteins hinder molecular understanding of transmembrane signaling mechanisms. Here, we exploited protein crosslinking assays in living cells to follow conformational and dynamic stimulus signals in Tsr, the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor. Tsr mediates serine chemotaxis by integrating transmembrane serine‐binding inputs with adaptational modifications of a methylation helix bundle to regulate a signaling kinase at the cytoplasmic tip of the receptor molecule. We created cysteine replacements at Tsr residues adjacent to hydrophobic packing faces of the bundle helices and crosslinked them with a cell‐permeable, bifunctional thiol‐reagent. We identified an extensively crosslinked dynamic junction midway through the methylation helix bundle that seemed uniquely poised to respond to serine signals. We explored its role in mediating signaling shifts between different packing arrangements of the bundle helices by measuring crosslinking in receptor molecules with apposed pairs of cysteine reporters in each subunit and assessing their signaling behaviors with an in vivo kinase assay. In the absence of serine, the bundle helices evinced compact kinase‐ON packing arrangements; in the presence of serine, the dynamic junction destabilized adjacent bundle segments and shifted the bundle to an expanded, less stable kinase‐OFF helix‐packing arrangement. AlphaFold models of kinase‐active Tsr showed a prominent bulge and kink at the dynamic junction that might antagonize stable structure at the receptor tip. Serine stimuli might inhibit kinase activity by shifting the bundle to a less stably‐packed conformation that relaxes structural strain at the receptor tip, thereby allowing it to stabilize and freeze kinase activity.
Development of breakthrough bleeding model of combined‐oral contraceptives utilizing model‐based meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Huili , Chun Dain , Lingineni Karthik , Guzy Serge , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Hoechel Joachim , Jiao Tianze , Cicali Brian , Vozmediano Valvanera , Schmidt Stephan
Published: November 2024

Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is a common side effect of hormonal contraception and is thought to impact adherence to combined oral contraceptives (COCs) but respective dose–response relationships are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) was to establish dose–response for COCs containing different progestin/EE combinations using BTB as the pharmacodynamic endpoint. Data from 25 studies containing BTB information of 4 progestins (desogestrel, drospirenone, gestodene, and levonorgestrel) in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE) at various dose levels was used for this analysis. The results of our MBMA show that BTB is significantly increased upon initiation of COC use but subsides over time. The time needed for BTB to return to baseline depends on the EE dose and differs marginally between progestins during the initial months of use at the same EE dose. BTB typically returns to baseline within 3 months at the highest (30 μg) dose, whereas it can take significantly longer to reestablish a regular bleeding pattern at lower EE doses (15 and 20 μg), irrespective of the progestin used. The dose–response relationships established for BTB across different progestin/EE combinations can now be used to support the selection of optimal COC dosing/treatment regimens and serve as the scientific basis for evaluating the impact of clinically relevant factors, including drug–drug interactions and demographics, on BTB.