bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatically Detecting the Number of Logs on a Timber Truck
Authors: Yella Siril , Dougherty Mark
Published: June 2013

This article describes a method of automatically detecting, counting and classifying logs on a timber truck using a photograph (taken by the driver). An image-processing algorithm is developed to process the photograph to calculate an estimate of the number of logs present and their respective diameters. The algorithm uses color information in multiple color spaces as well as geometrical operators to segment the image and extract the relevant information. This information enables the sawmill to better plan internal logistics and production in advance of the truck’s arrival time. The algorithm is robust with respect to external factors such as varying lighting conditions and camera angle, but some inaccuracies remain, mainly caused by logs being occluded or covered in mud or snow.
An Approach for Generating Pattern-Based Shorthand Using Speech-to-Text Conversion and Machine Learning
Authors: Abhinand K. R. , Devi H. K. Anasuya
Published: June 2013

Rapid handwriting, popularly known as shorthand, involves writing symbols and abbreviations in lieu of common words or phrases. This method increases the speed of transcription and is primarily used to record oral dictation. Someone skilled in shorthand will be able to write as fast as the dictation occurs, and these patterns are later transliterated into actual, natural language words. A new kind of rapid handwriting scheme is proposed, called the Pattern-Based Shorthand. A word on a keyboard involves pressing a unique sequence of keys in a particular order. This sequence forms a pattern that defines the word. Such a pattern forms the shorthand for that word. Speech recognition involves identifying, by a machine, the words spoken by a speaker. These spoken words form speech input signals to a computer that is equipped to correctly recognize the words and do further action, such as convert it to text. From this text input, unique shorthand patterns are generated by the system. The system employs machine learning to improve its performance with experience, by creating a dictionary of mappings from word to patterns in such a way that the access to existing patterns is faster with progression. This forms a new knowledge representation schema that reduces the redundancy in the storage of words and the length of information content. In conclusion, the speech is converted into textual form and then reconstructed into Pattern-Based Shorthand.
Review of environmental performance of permeable pavement systems: state of the knowledge
Authors: Drake Jennifer A. P. , Bradford Andrea , Marsalek Jiri
Published: June 2013

Permeable pavement (PP) systems provide opportunities to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on receiving water systems by providing at source treatment and management of stormwater. However, they do not receive mainstream use throughout much of Canada and the USA because of a lack of local guidance documents, demonstration projects and performance data. Studies have repeatedly shown that PPs attenuate stormwater flows by reducing volume and frequency of stormwater flows, reducing and delaying peak flow rates, and increasing flow durations. PP systems have been shown to improve stormwater quality by reducing stormwater temperature, pollutant concentrations and pollutant loadings of suspended solids, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some nutrients. This review is intended as a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of the environmental performance of PP systems. Published research is synthesized to examine the hydrologic performance, impacts to water quality, longevity and functionality and maintenance needs of PP systems. Where appropriate, the limitations of current knowledge are discussed and emerging and future research needs are presented. The intent of this review is to provide stakeholders in stormwater management with the critical information that is needed to foster acceptance of PPs as a viable alternative to traditional systems.
A Digital Archives Framework for the Preservation of Cultural Artifacts with Technological Components
Authors: Boutard Guillaume , Guastavino Catherine , Turner James
Published: June 2013

The preservation of artistic works with technological components, such as musical works, is recognised as an issue by both the artistic community and the archival community. Preserving such works involves tackling the difficulties associated with digital information in general, but also raises its own specific problems, such as constantly evolving digital instruments embodied within software and idiosyncratic human-computer interactions. Because of these issues, standards in place for archiving digital information are not always suitable for the preservation of these works. The impact on the organisation and the descriptions of such archives need to be conceptualised in order to provide these technological components with readability, authenticity and intelligibility. While previous projects emphasized readability and authenticity, less effort has been dedicated to addressing intelligibility issues.The research into the specification of significant properties and its extension, namely significant knowledge, offers some grounds for reflecting on this question. Furthermore, the relevance of taking into account the creative process involved in the production of technological components offers an opportunity to redefine the status of technological agents in the performative aspect of digital records. Altogether, the research on significant knowledge and creative processes provide us with a conceptual framework that we propose to bring together with digital archives models to form a coherent framework.
Competencies Required for Digital Curation: An Analysis of Job Advertisements
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Warga Edward , Moen William
Published: June 2013

With digital curationâ€™s increasingly important role in the fast-paced and data-intensive information environment, there is a need to identify a set of competencies for professionals in this growing field. As part of a curriculum development project funded by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, a total of 173 job advertisements posted between October 2011 and April 2012 were collected from various sources to take into account varying types of professionals in the field of digital curation across North America. Position title, institution types and location, educational background, experience, knowledge and skills, and duties were examined and analyzed. The results of the analysis show that digital curation jobs are characterized by a complex interplay of various skills and knowledge. The findings of this study present emerging requirements for a qualified workforce in the field of digital curation.
Research Data Management Education for Future Curators
Authors: Scott Mark , Boardman Richard , Reed Philippa , Cox Simon
Published: June 2013

Science has progressed by â€œstanding on the shoulders of giantsâ€ and for centuries research and knowledge have been shared through the publication and dissemination of books, papers and scholarly communications. Moving forward, much of our understanding builds on (large scale) datasets, which have been collected or generated as part of the scientific process of discovery. How will this be made available for future generations? How will we ensure that, once collected or generated, others can stand on the shoulders of the data we produce?Educating students about the challenges and opportunities of data management is a key part of the solution and helps the researchers of the future to start to think about the problems early on in their careers. We have compiled a set of case studies to show the similarities and differences in data between disciplines, and produced a booklet for students containing the case studies and an introduction to the data lifecycle and other data management practices. This has already been used at the University of Southampton within the Faculty of Engineering and is now being adopted centrally for use in other faculties. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the case studies and the guide, and reflect on the reception the guide has had to date.
Efficacy of three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable thermoplastic appliance
Authors: Shpack Nir , Greenstein Ronit Bar-Ness , Gazit Dana , Sarig Rachel , Vardimon Alexander Dan
Published: June 2013

Objectives:

To examine the ability of a removable thermoplastic appliance (RTA) to adsorb hygienic solutions and inhibit bacterial growth and to examine the efficacy of three hygiene protocols in reducing bacterial biofilm adherence to RTA.

Materials and Methods:

Solution adsorption and bacterial growth inhibition were examined in vitro using paper vs RTA discs. Subsequently, 11 patients treated with RTA (mean age, 29.1 ± 4.7 years) were assigned into a sequence of three hygiene protocols: regular RTA brushing (baseline), immersion RTAs in chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX), and using a vibrating bath with cleaning solution (VBC). For each patient, 12 upper RTAs were examined (2 baseline RTAs, 5 CHX RTAs, and 5 VBC RTAs), for a total of 132 RTAs. All RTAs were stained with gentian violet, and biofilm presence was measured using a photodensitometer.

Results:

The RTA discs did not adsorb CHX or cleaning solution. The later agent did not show antibacterial features. Baseline RTAs showed significant biofilm adherence (P < .001) on the posterior palatal side of the aligner and on the anterior incisal edge. CHX and VBC hygienic protocols significantly (P < .001) reduced baseline biofilm adherence by 16% and 50%, respectively. Hygienic improvement was maintained over 140 days when CHX and VBC were used. However, VBC was three times more efficient than CHX.

Conclusions:

This study highly recommends the use of a VBC protocol. Biofilm deposits on the RTA, especially on incisal edges and attachment dimples, could lead to inadequate tooth/RTA and attachment/RTA overlap and consequently impair tooth alignment.
Ulnar osteosarcoma in dogs: 30 cases (1992–2008)
Authors: Sivacolundhu Ramesh K. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Donovan Taryn A. , Barber Lisa G. , Saba Corey F. , Clifford Craig A. , de Lorimier Louis-Philippe , Atwater Stephen W. , DiBernardi Lisa , Freeman Kim P. , Bergman Philip J.
Published: June 2013

Objective—To examine the biological behavior of ulnar osteosarcoma and evaluate predictors of survival time in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—30 dogs with primary ulnar osteosarcoma.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Variables recorded and examined to identify predictors of survival time were signalment, tumor location in the ulna, tumor length, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, surgery type, completeness of excision, tumor stage, tumor grade, histologic subtype, development of metastases, and use of chemotherapy.

Results—30 cases were identified from 9 institutions. Eleven dogs were treated with partial ulnar ostectomy and 14 with amputation; in 5 dogs, a resection was not performed. Twenty-two dogs received chemotherapy. Median disease-free interval and survival time were 437 and 463 days, respectively. Negative prognostic factors for survival time determined via univariate analyses were histologic subtype and development of lung metastases. Telangiectatic or telangiectatic-mixed subtype (n = 5) was the only negative prognostic factor identified via multivariate analysis (median survival time, 208 days). Dogs with telangiectatic subtype were 6.99 times as likely to die of the disease.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prognosis for ulnar osteosarcoma in this population was no worse and may have been better than the prognosis for dogs with osteosarcoma involving other appendicular sites. Partial ulnar ostectomy was associated with a low complication rate and good to excellent function and did not compromise survival time. Telangiectatic or telangiectatic-mixed histologic subtype was a negative prognostic factor for survival time. The efficacy of chemotherapy requires further evaluation.
Radiographic evaluation of the lumbar lordotic angle of the spine in a population of Nigerians
Authors: Oyakhire Michael O , Didia Blessing C , Yellow Bob Evans
Published: June 2013

Objectives: For Nigerian Africans, quantitative reference values of osteometric parameters of the human spine are scarce. This study was therefore carried out to metrically evaluate and document the characteristics of the Lumbar lordotic angle, in a population of Nigerians. Materials & Method: Using the Cobb 4-line method, we studied 300 lateral radiographs selected from three tertiary health facilities. There were 156 females (52%) and 144 males (48%) with age range between 18 and 76years. Results were analyzed statistically with the computer based SPSS Version 17, Chicago IL. Taking a confidence level of 0.05 as indicative of statistical significance, the student’s t –test was used to estimate differences between means, and a probability density function curve ,to evaluate the distribution pattern of the angle of lumbar lordosis. Results: Mean (± SD) of the Lumbar lordotic angle was 48.450 ± (9.280). A statistically significant association was found between Lumbar lordotic angle and age (P<0.05). Females had significantly higher Lumbar lordotic angles compared with males (P<0.05). Variations were also observed between the lumbar lordotic angles of Nigerians and those of Caucasians. These results will be useful in many areas of medical practice, and research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.4300   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 69-75
Detection of Promyelocytic Leukemia/Retinoic Acid Receptor α (PML/RARα) Fusion Gene with Functionalized Graphene Oxide
Authors: Li Ran , Tan Yanhong , Chen Xiuhua , Ren Fanggang , Zhang Yaofang , Xu Zhifang , Wang Hongwei
Published: June 2013

An attempt was made to use functionalized graphene oxide (GO) to detect the Promyelocytic leukemia/Retinoic acid receptor α fusion gene (PML/RARα fusion gene), a marker gene of acute promyelocytic leukemia. The functionalized GO was prepared by chemical exfoliation method, followed by a polyethylene glycol grafting. It is found that the functionalized GO can selectively adsorb the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled single-stranded DNA probe and quench its fluorescence. The probe can be displaced by the PML/RARα fusion gene to restore the fluorescence, which can be detected by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. These can be used to detect the presence of the PML/RARα fusion gene. This detection method is verified to be fast, simple and reliable.
Management of Renal Collecting Duct Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and the McMaster Experience
Authors: Dason S. , Allard C. , Sheridan–Jonah A. , Gill J. , Jamshaid H. , Aziz T. , Kajal B. , Kapoor A.
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare, aggressive form of renal carcinoma that presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Little is known concerning the optimal management of CDC. We present the results of a systematic review addressing the management of CDC and the McMaster University CDC series. Methods: The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases and conference proceedings were searched to identify studies relating to the management of CDC. Included studies reported on a minimum of 10 subjects receiving a single intervention. Series in which an evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness was not possible were excluded. The McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) series of 6 cases of CDC were retrospectively reviewed. Results: We identified 3 studies relevant to the management of CDC that included a total of 72 patients. A gemcitabine–cisplatin or –carboplatin regimen resulted in a 26% objective response rate in 23 patients with metastatic CDC. Two additional studies indicated that 49 patients treated with immunotherapy achieved no response. In the McMaster series, cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 4 of 6 patients. In 2 patients, MVAC therapy (methotrexate–vinblastine–doxorubicin–cisplatin) achieved no response. No significant therapeutic complications occurred, but survival was poor (median: 11 months; range: 10–33 months). Conclusions: Our review and clinical experience suggest that the current standard of care for metastatic CDC is a gemcitabine–cisplatin regimen.
The Potential Role for Acupuncture in Treating Symptoms in Patients with Lung Cancer: An Observational Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kasymjanova G. , Grossman M. , Tran T. , Jagoe R.T. , Cohen V. , Pepe C. , Small D. , Agulnik J.
Published: June 2013

Background: Most lung cancer patients experience multiple symptoms related either to the disease or its treatment. The commonly reported symptoms are pain, depression, anxiety, nausea, and poor well-being. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture as a potential treatment modality in symptomatic lung cancer patients. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 33 lung cancer patients from the Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre between August 2010 and May 2012. All patients received 45-minute sessions of acupuncture, 1–2 times weekly for a minimum of 4 sessions. Symptom severity was assessed using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (esas) before and after completion of acupuncture. Results: The study cohort included 30 patients with non-small- cell lung cancer and 3 with small-cell lung cancer. Mean age was 62 years (range: 36–88 years); 17 of the patients were women. Most of the patients had advanced-stage cancer (73%) and good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–1: 88%). Of these patients, 67% received anticancer treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both) with acupuncture. Of the remaining 10 patients, 8 received acupuncture after a complete surgical resection of their tumour, and because of their advanced age, 2 received acupuncture and best supportive care. The median number of acupuncture sessions was 7 (interquartile range: 4–13 sessions). Statistically significant improvements in pain, appetite, nausea, nervousness, and well-being were observed. A clinically important improvement (2 points on the esas) was reported by 61% of patients for pain and by 33% for well-being. A significant positive correlation between improved well-being and the number of acupuncture sessions was observed. This correlation remained significant even after controlling for treatment and narcotic use. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that a minimum of 6 acupuncture sessions are required for a 70% chance of a clinically important improvement in well-being. Conclusions: The present study is the first to demonstrate that acupuncture may be an effective approach for improving symptoms—in particular, pain and well–being—in lung cancer patients. Acupuncture is a safe and minimally invasive procedure, and it is potentially useful even in patients undergoing anticancer treatment.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy: The Way Forward—Response to Steven Narod
Authors: Miller D.M. , McAlpine J.N. , Gilks C.B. , Huntsman D.G.
Published: June 2013

Although stimulated by more profound issues, Galilei’s quote could be applied to today’s changing understanding of the origin of ovarian carcinoma and how that knowledge might be used to prevent cancer.[...]
Selective copper(II) acetate and potassium iodide catalyzed oxidation of aminals to dihydroquinazoline and quinazolinone alkaloids
Authors: Richers Matthew T , Zhao Chenfei , Seidel Daniel
Published: June 2013

Copper(II) acetate/acetic acid/O2and potassium iodide/tert-butylhydroperoxide systems are shown to affect the selective oxidation of ring-fused aminals to dihydroquinazolines and quinazolinones, respectively. These methods enable the facile preparation of a number of quinazoline alkaloid natural products and their analogues.
Sous-maîtres et préfets de chambre dans les pensionnats d'Ancien Régime. Fonction clé et personnel auxiliaire
Authors: Noguès Boris
Published: June 2013

Contrairement à une idée assez répandue, l’existence d’un pensionnat associé aux collèges d’humanités, et donc la présence de maîtres d’études ou de surveillants au sein de ces établissements, sont loin d’être systématiques sous l’Ancien Régime. Même si on peut la repérer dès le XVI e siècle, cette configuration ne commence à se généraliser qu’à la fin du XVII e siècle. Les hommes chargés des pensionnaires en dehors du temps de la classe sont connus sous différentes dénominations au cours de la période moderne, suivant le type de collège dans lequel ils œuvrent : « préfets de chambre », « préfets de pension », etc. Mais sous ces diverses appellations se cache toujours le même personnage, qui se caractérise par deux traits : il n’est pas professeur ou régent en titre et, d’autre part, il a invariablement en charge les deux tâches pourtant de nature différente d’encadrement pédagogique pendant les études et de surveillance disciplinaire des élèves au cours de la journée. Cet article revient sur les raisons et les modalités de l’association de ces deux tâches. Autre question centrale : cette fonction constitue-t-elle une forme de préparation à l’exercice futur de l’enseignement, palliant en quelque sorte par une pratique pédagogique de second rang (les études) l’absence de formation professionnelle des professeurs ?
Le modèle d'éducation lancastérien, un dispositif éducatif protestant ?
Authors: Ruolt Anne
Published: June 2013

Surnommé le « modèle protestant », l’éducation mutuelle a caractérisé la pratique éducative des premières écoles du dimanche comme le rappelle aujourd’hui le nom de « moniteur » donné à ses éducateurs. Nous inscrivant dans le champ de l’histoire des idées éducatives, à partir de l’analyse des pratiques pédagogiques de ces premières écoles populaires protestantes qui a servi dès 1814/1815 de levain au renouveau des écoles primaires protestantes françaises, peut-on dire qu’elles ont été le berceau du modèle lancastérien en France ? La « méthode des groupes » serait-elle « le modèle canonique » protestant, symétrique à l’enseignement simultané comme « modèle canonique » catholique ? Nous vérifierons l’hypothèse du pluralisme des modèles choisis comme des « outils » par les pédagogues protestants selon des critères d’efficacité davantage praxéologiques que théologiques, à partir des publications des premiers acteurs français du mouvement.
Pratiques de recherche documentaire et réussite universitaire des étudiants de première année
Authors: Perret Cathy
Published: June 2013

Consacrée à l’étude des méthodes de recherche des étudiants entrant à l’université, cette recherche empirique s’appuie sur une enquête auprès d’étudiants de première année de Langues. Elle met en évidence la coexistence de différentes méthodes de recherche documentaire parmi les étudiants à l’issue du premier semestre universitaire. Il est montré que les sollicitations des enseignants peuvent être déterminantes pour l’adoption de ces méthodes, et que filles et garçons se singularisent. L’observation de la réussite aux premiers examens universitaires met en évidence les différences de réussite entre les étudiants selon les méthodes adoptées mais souligne la fragilité des effets des différents styles de recherche documentaire.
Une éducation sanitaire « par corps »
Authors: Radel Antoine , Morales Yves
Published: June 2013

Health Education “By Body”. An Analysis of Two Anti-Sedentary Lifestyle Public Health Campaign (1980 and 2001-2012) The promotion of physical exercise as a health factor develops during the eighties. This new preoccupation emerges at the same time as physical inactivity becomes a public health issue, which needs to be addressed though public health education. Using a comparative analysis of two media campaigns twenty years apart, our study tries to better identify the real space given over to physical exercise and tries to describe the main evolutions in the forms of exercise recommended. In the more recent campaign, the emergence of greater precision in the types of exercise being recommended and in the amount of commitment necessary testifies to a new importance being granted to physical effort and valorises the management and promotion of physical effort on a daily basis as a new moral of health.
Les prix immobiliers dans les métropoles françaises
Authors: Cusin François
Published: June 2013

Les flambées immobilières se nourrissent généralement de comportements spéculatifs. Mais la France n’est pas les États-Unis ou l’Espagne. La situation actuelle ne doit pas masquer une crise structurelle du logement qui est bien réelle. Cette crise est celle d’une offre insuffisante pour les ménages modestes, les familles et les actifs qui travaillent ou cherchent un emploi dans les principaux pôles urbains. Certes, les conditions financières favorables à l’endettement ont permis à de nombreux ménages d’accéder à la propriété de leur logement, mais au prix d’une forte inflation des prix immobiliers. Si le retournement de conjoncture en 2008 a provoqué une diminution de la construction neuve, les baisses de prix dans l’ancien sont restées limitées. La pression qui s’exerce sur les marchés de l’accession est d’autant plus forte que la demande globale de logements est portée par des évolutions socio-démographiques de fond alors que l’offre reste insuffisante, particulièrement dans les zones les plus tendues. Une politique du logement plus efficace, menée à la fois à l’échelle nationale et au niveau local, est nécessaire pour répondre aux besoins des ménages et pour fluidifier les marchés de l’accession, comme ceux du locatif social et privé. La prise en compte du caractère territorialisé et du profil socio-économique de cette demande s’avère indispensable. Et ceci d’autant plus qu’à travers la question du logement se jouent les équilibres sociaux, économiques et urbains de la ville de demain.
Les bulles « robustes »
Authors: Timbeau Xavier
Published: June 2013

« Bulle » ou « pas bulle » ? La question taraude les observateurs et les acteurs du marché immobilier français. Nous examinons dans cet article les éléments empiriques et théoriques qui expliquent la hausse des prix récente et sa résistance aux retournements conjoncturels. En combinant la notion de bulle économique, les arguments de l’économie spatiale et une analyse d’économie politique, nous suggérons que la valorisation importante de l’immobilier en France est le résultat d’une logique rationnelle et conforte les intérêts des acteurs locaux. Dès lors, la forte valorisation peut être considérée comme une « bulle robuste », à même de résister à des chocs importants. Cette bulle organise un transfert intergénérationnel et peut avoir des effets positifs. Elle peut également renforcer la ségrégation spatiale, alimenter les inégalités territoriales et empêcher d’exploiter les économies d’agglomération possibles. L’analyse est détaillée sur la région Ile-de-France où ces phénomènes sont particulièrement marqués.
Comment construire (au moins) 1 million de logements en région parisienne
Authors: Timbeau Xavier
Published: June 2013

La région Ile-de-France est caractérisée par une faible augmentation de l’offre de logements et une hausse importante des prix de l’immobilier. Pour lever la contrainte foncière, la densification, tout au moins dans la proche périphérie de l’hypercentre, paraît une solution envisageable. Nous proposons ici un mécanisme de partage de la valeur créée lors d’une densification importante par la destruction d’un immeuble existant et sa reconstruction avec un nombre d’étages accru. Le partage se veut incitatif pour les propriétaires mais aussi pour les collectivités locales. De fait, pour ces dernières, la densification est à la fois une charge économique, implique des investissements, demande de compenser les perdants à la densification et induit un risque de modification de la base électorale. Si la densification se fait par une augmentation suffisante de l’élévation et dans une zone où les prix au m 2 sont élevés, la valeur créée est alors d’un ordre de grandeur suffisant pour renverser les logiques de malthusianisme foncier à l’œuvre. En simulant un tel dispositif sur l’Ile-de-France, il apparaît un potentiel de construction d’un million de nouveaux logements, un investissement des collectivités locales de l’ordre de 60 milliards d’euros et un surcroît d’activité dans le bâtiment de près de 140 milliards d’euros. Le dispositif actuel d’assujettissement de la valeur totale des constructions neuves à la TVA au taux normal devrait être aménagé afin de permettre de financer les incitations nécessaires à une telle opération.
De la psychose à la somatose. Blanche ou défier la mort
Authors: Gibeault Alain
Published: June 2013

Si la somatose peut être une défense contre la psychose, la solution psychotique, en particulier dans les psychoses froides ou psychoses non délirantes, peut aussi trouver une issue dans les désorganisations psychosomatiques graves. L’exemple clinique d’une patiente présentant une psychose froide illustre cette problématique et confirme le rapprochement entre psychose froide (Évelyne et Jean Kestemberg) et psychose actuelle (Michel de M’Uzan).
De la maîtrise « autocalmante » des excitations au geste suicidaire, une tentative d'hystérisation du trauma
Authors: André Joanne
Published: June 2013

L’activité « autocalmante », entendue comme « un mode particulier de maîtrise des excitations », et le geste suicidaire sont mis au travail du côté de ce qu’ils incluent de traitement psychique. Si les « autocalamants » tentent un retour « avant le traumatisme », le geste suicidaire peut constituer une tentative d’hystérisation. De l’un à l’autre, un passage par le traitement psychique, un passage du silence au bruit.
La guerre pourrait-elle devenir chose du passé ?
Authors: David Charles-Philippe
Published: June 2013

Les conflits actuels peuvent donner l’impression d’une violence accrue et de guerres interminables. Loin de ces idées reçues, Charles-Philippe David démontre, après avoir retracé la typologie des affrontements et à l’aide de données chiffrées, le déclin progressif de la violence. À travers le continuum guerre et paix, il interroge la corrélation entre l’implication de la communauté internationale et les divers modes de résolution des conflits armés, et pose les défis qui demeurent. Peut-on vaincre la guerre au xxi e siècle ? L’auteur se propose de nous donner les premiers éléments de réponse.
La légitimation de l'auteur de roman en France : le culte paradoxal de Walter Scott, « the Great Unknown »
Authors: Raulet-Marcel Caroline
Published: June 2013

En France, l’engouement suscité par les romans de Walter Scott sous la Restauration va de pair avec le culte dont leur auteur fait l’objet. La librairie française joue un rôle non négligeable dans ce phénomène : en Grande-Bretagne, the Great Unkown fonde la poétique énonciative de ses œuvres sur l’usage ludique d’un anonymat qu’il préserve soigneusement jusqu’en 1827, mais en France, ses romans lui sont attribués dès 1818. Publiés en œuvres complètes (format in-12) à partir de 1820, ils sont accompagnés d’une longue et élogieuse notice biographique. En 1822, le premier volume des Œuvres complètes de Sir Walter Scott publiées dans le prestigieux format de l’in-octavo est orné d’un portrait de l’auteur, ultime manifestation éditoriale d’une logique de consécration à l’œuvre bien plus tôt en France qu’outre Manche.
La vogue romantique de l'horreur : roman noir et genre frénétique
Authors: Pezard Émilie
Published: June 2013

Dans les années 1820 et 1830, écrivains comme critiques commentent la vogue de l’horreur, qu’on rattache au romantisme et à laquelle on donne plusieurs noms génériques. Si le roman noir reste une source d’inspiration féconde, l’horreur romantique ne peut être réduite à la reprise de ce modèle. Délaissant le décor gothique et la terreur qu’il procure, ces romans romantiques consacrent le triomphe du mal sur l’innocence et cultivent une « esthétique du choc » (Milner). Cependant la poétique de l’horreur se prête d’autant moins à une définition unique qu’elle se combine aisément avec d’autres genres romanesques. Condamné par une critique unanime, revendiqué par aucun auteur, le romantisme frénétique est à la fois invisible et omniprésent dans le paysage romanesque.
Mysterymania . Essor et limites de la globalisation culturelle au XIX e siècle
Authors: Thérenty Marie-Ève
Published: June 2013

Il s’agit d’étudier le phénomène de circulation, de traduction et surtout d’adaptation des Mystères de Paris d’Eugène Sue paru dans le Journal des débats en 1842-1843. Ce roman déclenche l’écriture de centaines de romans dérivés dans pratiquement tous les pays du monde : Mysteries of London par G. Reynolds (1844-1848), The mysteries and miseries of New York de Ned Buntline (1848), Os Mistéros de Lisboa de Camilo Castelo Branco (1854)... Nous tentons dans cet article de cerner les modalités et les raisons de ce premier phénomène massif de globalisation culturelle. En quoi cette matrice particulièrement labile des mystères urbains met-elle au jour autant que la mondialisation littéraire la résistance nette des particularités, des logiques et des séries locales ?
Le roman réaliste, historien de lui-même
Authors: Baudry Marie
Published: June 2013

Dans les romans de Hugo, Stendhal, Balzac ou encore Flaubert, apparaissent des titres de romans, des noms de romanciers – certains connus, d’autres aujourd’hui oubliés – qui permettent de retracer une généalogie romanesque singulière, dont l’héritage sera plus ou moins avoué. En somme, le roman réaliste écrirait en son sein une histoire du roman qui viendrait pallier les difficultés de la critique naissante à le faire. Et cette histoire serait forcément écrite du point de vue des vainqueurs en puissance que les romanciers réalistes entendent être, quitte à contredire en partie les modèles théoriques du roman qu’ils proposent par ailleurs, de telle sorte qu’ils donnent à cette stratégie d’autolégitimation une forme plus contradictoire que ce que l’histoire littéraire en a retenu.
Du malaise existentiel à la panacée économique : Stendhal, Balzac, l'improper , l'argent
Authors: Spandri Francesco
Published: June 2013

La rencontre de l’ improper et de l’argent permet de tracer une courbe tout à fait intéressante par ses propriétés dialogiques. Cette courbe part de Rome, Naples et Florence (1826) de Stendhal et vient aboutir à La Maison Nucingen de Balzac. Ce sont ici deux cerveaux, deux textes, deux nomenclatures, deux discours qui se répondent, se complètent et se corrigent l’un l’autre. Pour le Voyageur qui parcourt l’Italie, l’ improper , c’est l’empire des convenances, c’est le féroce culte du rang professé par l’Anglais, c’est le culte de l’argent qui l’épuise. Or dans La Maison Nucingen cet improper venu d’Outre-Manche – du pays du crédit et des banques – change nécessairement de statut. Il cesse d’être protestation antisociale, analyse sociologique, esquisse d’un portrait sombre et pessimiste de l’homme moderne pour devenir « omniconvenance », carte blanche donnée à l’argent.
Quality, Improvement and Measurements in High Risk Software
Authors: Vargas Edgardo Palza
Published: June 2013

We aim to improve quality in software engineering projects by introducing Verification and Validation (V&V) best practices in terms of process, artifacts, and quality performance indicators. We present a Quality Measurement Management Tool (QMT) in order to support quality activities and process. This tool is based on a measurement meta-model repository for collecting, storing, analyzing and reporting measurement data. It is important to note that the proposed QMT supports the IEEE Standard 1012 for Software Verification and Validation (management, acquisition, supply, development, operation, and maintenance), as well as measurement information needs to Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) processes and products requirements. Our repository is generic, flexible, and integrated, supporting a dynamic measurement system. It was originally designed to support Ericsson Research Canada’s business information needs.
The Development of International Standards to Facilitate Process Improvements for Very Small Entities
Authors: Laporte Claude , Vargas Edgardo Palza
Published: June 2013

Industry recognizes that Very Small Entities (VSEs) that develop software are very important to the economy. A Very Small Entity (VSE) is an entity (enterprise, organization, department or project) with up to 25 people..Failure to deliver a quality product on time and within budget threatens the competitiveness of VSEs and impacts their customers. One way to mitigate these risks is to put in place proven software engineering practices. Many international standards and models, like ISO/IEC 12207 or CMMI®1, have been developed to capture proven engineering practices. However, these documents were not designed for VSEs and are often difficult to apply in such settings. This chapter presents a description of the development of process improvement international standards (IS) targeting VSEs developing or maintaining software as a standalone product or software as a component of a system. The documents used by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC72 Working Group 24 (WG24), mandated to develop a set of standards and guides, and the approach that led to the development, balloting of the ISs, and TRs (Technical Reports) for VSEs are also presented. The chapter focuses on the ISO/IEC 29110 Standard3, the development of means to help VSEs improve their processes, and the description of a few pilot projects conducted to implement the processes of ISO/IEC 29110 standard.
Software Design for Passing Sarbanes-Oxley in Cloud Computing
Authors: Lasluisa Solomon , Rodero Ivan , Parashar Manish
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to identify and analyze the challenges of creating new software in the public cloud due to legal regulations. Specifically, this chapter explores how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) will indirectly affect the development and implementation process of cloud computing applications in terms of software engineering and actual legality of said software solutions. The goal of this chapter is twofold - to bring attention to the need for specific analysis of legal issues in public clouds (as opposed to general analysis), and to illustrate the need for cloud developers to address legal constraint while creating their platforms, in order to increase their viability in the corporate environment.
A Model-Driven Approach to Service Composition with Security Properties
Authors: Chollet Stéphanie , Lalanda Philippe
Published: June 2013

The software engineering community is striving to handle a significant number of new critical demands. Productivity, quality, and runtime flexibility are only few of them. To satisfy such requirements, new development paradigms are regularly proposed. Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is one of them. SOC is based on the notion of services, which are well-defined composition units, to support rapid application development. This chapter presents a brief state of the art of services. Although SOC brings properties of major interest, it suffers from usual limitations of reused-based approach. In particular, service composition is much more complicated than often pretended. In this chapter, we propose to present a model-driven approach to service composition dealing with non-functional aspects, including security.
Intelligent Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimisation of Laser Beam Cutting of Nickel Based Superalloy Sheet
Authors: Sharma Amit , Yadava Vinod , Judal K. B.
Published: June 2013

In the present study, a novel technique, namely, evolutionary non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was used in conjunction with developed artificial neural network (ANN) model to select optimal process parameters for achieving the better process performance in LBC. First, ANN with backpropagation algorithm was used to model the LBC of nickel based superalloy sheets. The input process parameters taken were oxygen pressure, pulse width, pulse frequency and cutting speed. The performance characteristics of interest in nickel based superalloy thin sheet cutting are average kerf taper and surface roughness. The ANN model was trained and tested using the experimental data obtained through experimentation on pulsed Nd-YAG laser beam machining system. The 4-10-11-2 backpropagation architecture was found more accurate and generalized for given problem with good prediction capability. The results show that the developed modelling and optimization tool is effective for process parameter optimization in LBC process. The optimization of the process suggests that for achieving high cut quality characteristics the pulse width, pulse frequency and cutting speed are set to lower limit within the available range and gas pressure is set to a level which is sufficient to remove the molten metal from the kerf.
Cyber Criminals on the Internet Super Highways
Authors: Agwu Edwin
Published: June 2013

The internet has impacted the lives of individuals, organisations, and governments all over the world. However, it is now viewed and adopted with caution due mainly to the criminal tendencies of some misguided elements within the society. The internet technology has evolved to become a weapon of “mass robbery” in the hands of criminals. Fraudulent mails emanating from Africa, in general and Nigeria in particular have received world wide attentions. These and more have dented the image of the country home and abroad. This study presents the various ways in which the internet is used for criminal purposes within the Nigerian polity. It further examined the various crime related laws, their adequacies, and implications. Findings revealed the interplay of different methods through which vulnerable individuals and organisations are defrauded. The strategies proposed for addressing these crimes with a view to giving the country a clean bill of health in the international community are as well applicable to other developing countries. The findings also lay solid foundations for further research within different strands of crimes. It also concludes with recommendations for policy makers, businesses, and internet services providers with emphasis on the need for greater awareness creation.
Analyzing the Behavior of Smartphone Service Users
Authors: Fagan Derek , Caulfield Brian , Meier René
Published: June 2013

This paper reports the findings of a study into the behavior of the users of a mobile service. The study analyses the behavior of travelers using a Smartphone application to access real-time transit information and contrasts such user behavior with that of users accessing a transit information service from a website. Previous research in this field has tended to focus upon the perceived benefits of providing real-time transit information and without investigating when and how often passengers would use such real-time transit information services. This paper specifically explores the behavior patterns of travelers using a Smartphone service and those of using a website to provide real-time transit information. Based on empirical data derived from real information services, the impact on user behavior of providing a mobile service is analyzed and contrasted to traditional Web-based service provision. The Smartphone service is furthermore used to conduct a passenger survey to obtain information on the individuals using the mobile service. The results of the analysis presented demonstrate that the demand for information from the website is constant throughout the working week whereas demand for Smartphone information increases during the week peaking during late afternoons and on Fridays. The results of the passenger survey demonstrate that over 80 percent of Smartphone application users are between 18 and 49 years of age and perhaps most importantly, that Smartphone survey questions are twice as likely to be answered compared to the response rates for Web or mail surveys.
Affective Realism of Animated Films in the Development of Simulation-Based Tutoring Systems
Authors: Ekanayake Hiran B. , Fors Uno , Ramberg Robert , Ziemke Tom , Backlund Per , Hewagamage Kamalanath P.
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a study focused on comparing real actors based scenarios and animated characters based scenarios with respect to their similarity in evoking psychophysiological activity for certain events by measuring galvanic skin response (GSR). In the experiment, one group (n=11) watched the real actors’ film whereas another group (n=7) watched the animated film, which had the same story and dialogue as the real actors’ film. The results have shown that there is no significant difference in the skin conductance response (SCR) scores between the two groups; however, responses significantly differ when SCR amplitudes are taken into account. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation reported as high as over 80% correlation between the two groups’ SCRs for certain time intervals. The authors believe that this finding is of general importance for the domain of simulation-based tutoring systems in development of and decisions regarding use of animated characters based scenarios.
Classification of Tandem Repeats in the Human Genome
Authors: Liang Yupu , Sokol Dina , Zelikovitz Sarah , Levitan Sarah Ita
Published: June 2013

Tandem repeats in DNA sequences are extremely relevant in biological phenomena and diagnostic tools. Computational programs that discover these tandem repeats generate a huge volume of data, which is often difficult to decipher without further organization. In this paper, the authors describe a new method for post-processing tandem repeats through clustering and classification. Their work presents multiple ways of expressing tandem repeats using the n-gram model with different clustering distance measures. Analysis of the clusters for the tandem repeats in the human genome shows that the method yields a well-defined grouping in which similarity among repeats is apparent. The authors’ new, alignment-free method facilitates the analysis of the myriad of tandem repeats that occur in the human genome and they believe that this work will lead to new discoveries on the roles, origins, and significance of tandem repeats.
Tumor-Derived Vascular Pericytes Anergize Th Cells
Authors: Bose Anamika , Barik Subhasis , Banerjee Saptak , Ghosh Tithi , Mallick Atanu , Bhattacharyya Majumdar Suchandra , Goswami Kuntal Kanti , Bhuniya Avishek , Banerjee Sayantan , Baral Rathindranath , Storkus Walter J. , Dasgupta Partha Sarathi , Majumdar Subrata
Published: June 2013

Immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment supports malignant growth and is also a major obstacle for successful immunotherapy. Multiple cellular components and soluble factors coordinate to disrupt protective immune responses. Although stromal cells are well-known for their parenchymal supportive roles in cancer establishment and progression, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that tumor-derived vascular pericytes negatively influence CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation, and promote anergy in recall response to Ag by CD4+CD44+ T cells via regulator of G protein signaling 5– and IL-6–dependent pathways. Our data support a new specific role for tumor-derived pericytes in the immune evasion paradigm within the tumor microenvironment and suggest the targeting of these cell populations in the context of successful immunotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer.