bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPINIÃO DE AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE SOBRE A POLÍTICA ESPECÍFICA À SAÚDE MASCULINA
Authors: Brito Rosineide Santana , Santos Danyelle Leonette Araújo , Ferreira Nathaly Ellen Maria Silva
Published: September 2014

Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi verificar a opinião dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre a política de saúde específica para atender a população masculina. Participaram do estudo 64 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, trabalhadores de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde, localizadas no Distrito Sanitário Oeste do Município de Natal – Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram coletados de julho a setembro de 2012 por meio de um formulário e tratados pela estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que, embora alguns participantes tenham revelado não conhecer a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, a maioria emitiu opiniões favoráveis acerca desta, fato justificado, principalmente, pelo seu caráter preventivo e educativo. O conhecimento evidenciado mostrou-se incipiente, evidenciando a necessidade de a referida política ser propagada entre estes profissionais da atenção primária, visando sua concretização nos serviços de saúde.
CONHECIMENTO DE MÃES SOBRE O CALENDÁRIO DE VACINAÇÃO E FATORES QUE LEVAM AO ATRASO VACINAL INFANTIL
Authors: Andrade Deyse Rodrigues Souza , Lorenzini Elisiane , Silva Eveline Franco
Published: September 2014

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar o conhecimento de mães de crianças com cartão de vacina em atraso sobre o calendário básico de vacinação e possíveis fatores que levam ao não cumprimento deste. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa realizado em uma unidade de saúde que contempla a Estratégia Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil. Participaram 16 mães de crianças com o calendário vacinal em atraso e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada. A partir da análise de conteúdo temática, duas categorias emergiram: conhecimento de mães sobre vacinação eo que leva mães a não cumprir o calendário de vacinação infantil. Conclui-se que informações e comunicação claras entre mães e profissionais são fundamentais para promover o cumprimento do calendário vacinal na infância.
O CUIDADO EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA INTERNAÇÃO PSIQUIÁTRICA: PERCEPÇÃO DOS FAMILIARES
Authors: Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio , Thomas Jucileia , Olschowsky Agnes
Published: September 2014

Este estudo busca analisar as percepções dos familiares sobre o cuidado em saúde mental realizado na internação psiquiátrica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica de um hospital universitário com cinco familiares que participavam do Grupo de Família. Adotou-se o referencial de análise temática para apreciação crítica dos resultados, emergindo a categoria O cuidado em saúde mental. O cuidado é percebido pelos familiares por meio do Acolhimento, do Acesso à Informação, da Melhora no Autocuidado, da Ingesta da Medicação e dos Grupos de Famílias, ofertados pela unidade. Conclui-se que o cuidado em saúde mental aponta a família como parceira em ações de saúde integrais mais efetivas, exigindo do enfermeiro maior aproximação e disponibilidade para esse atendimento.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E OBSTÉTRICO DE GESTANTES COM SÍNDROME HELLP
Authors: Nery Inez Sampaio , Viana Liliana Soares , Viana Lívia Maria Mello , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista , Feitosa Verbênia Cipriano , Pereira Virgínia Félix
Published: September 2014

Estudo epidemiológico descritivo objetivou caracterizar as gestantes com Síndrome HELLP quanto aos dados sociodemográficos e obstétricos e levantar o número de casos dessa patologia. A população foi constituída por 14 gestantes com diagnóstico de Síndrome HELLP, confirmado por exames laboratoriais e avaliação clínica, e atendidas em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivo no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2013, com consulta aos prontuários, utilizando-se formulário com variáveis sociodemográficas e obstétricas. Os resultados evidenciaram que 64,3% das gestantes tinham acima de 26 anos; 92,9% eram pardas; 64,3% não realizaram o pré-natal; 78,6% não tinham história de complicações em gestações anteriores. Os resultados apontam dados semelhantes a outros estudos sobre o perfil epidemiológico da Síndrome HELLP e servem de alerta sobre a carência de informações nos prontuários.
Return on investment of a LEED platinum hospital: the influence of healthcare facility environments on healthcare employees and organizational effectiveness
Authors: Harris Debra D
Published: September 2014

Objective: The purpose of this research study was to link hospital environments to the quality of care and the associated cost of care by examining the relationship among hospital environments and healthcare employee engagement, turnover, illness and injury. Methods: This study used a multi-method research design and quantitative analysis of data sets from participating hospitals. Data included employee survey responses and human resource employee data provided by the hospital system. All statistical tests used an alpha level of .05. The analysis of the survey and human resource employee data tested for significant differences among employees at the participating hospitals; and used correlations and regression analysis to determine the direction and strength of the relationships where significant differences were evident. Results: Results from the survey indicated that perceptions of the built environment affect employee engagement and health and well-being up to 14%. Turnover and injury reductions were significant and resulted in substantial cost differences; $2.17M cost reduction based on the facility replaced and annual cost avoidance of $2.24M when compared to the two newer hospitals that were not Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the quality of the hospital environment has social, environmental, and cost implications that aligns with the intention of sustainable design as defined by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). Developing a built environment that supports productivity, efficiency, safety, and engagement contributes to the prosperity of the healthcare organization.
The Effectiveness of Food Insecurity Screening in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Lane Wendy Gwirtzman , Dubowitz Howard , Feigelman Susan , Poole Gina
Published: September 2014

Background: Food insecure children are at increased risk for medical and developmental problems. Effective screening and intervention are needed.
Methods: Our purpose was to (1) evaluate the validity and stability of a single item food insecurity (FI) screen. (2) Assess whether use may lead to decreased FI. Part of a larger cluster randomized controlled trial, pediatric residents were assigned to SEEK or control groups. A single FI question (part of a larger questionnaire) was used on SEEK days. SEEK residents learned to screen, assess, and address FI. A subset of SEEK and control clinic parents was recruited for the evaluation. Parents completed the USDA Food Security Scale (“gold standard”), upon recruitment and 6-months later. Validity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) was calculated. The proportion of screened families with initial and subsequent FI was measured. Screening effectiveness was evaluated by comparing SEEK and control screening rates and receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits between initial and 6-month assessments.
Results: FI screen stability indicated substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa =0.69). Sensitivity and specificity was 59% and 87%, respectively. The PPV was 70%; NPV was 81%. SEEK families had a larger increase in screening rates than control families (24% vs. 4.1%, p<0.01). SEEK families were more likely to maintain SNAP enrollment (97% vs. 81%, p=0.05). FI rates remained stable at approximately 30% for both groups.
Conclusions: A single question screen can identify many families with FI, and may help maintain food program enrollment. Screening may not be adequate to alleviate FI.
Privacy Expectations of Social Media Users: The Role of Informed Consent in Privacy Policies
Authors: Custers Bart , van der Hof Simone , Schermer Bart
Published: September 2014

Social media process (sometimes large amounts of) personal data of their users, usually on the basis of informed consent. In this article, a comparison is made between, on the one hand, existing practices of social media regarding informed consent for using personal data of users and, on the other hand, user expectations with regard to privacy and informed consent. The comparison is made on the basis of a set of criteria for informed consent distilled from an analytical bibliography. Next, the privacy policies of a selection of eight social network sites and user generated content sites are analyzed using this set of criteria for informed consent. User expectations regarding these criteria were derived from survey results of a large EU‐wide online survey (N = 8,621, 26 countries) on the awareness, values, and attitudes of social media users regarding privacy. We find that not all privacy policy criteria are important to users, but most criteria that are important to users can be found in most privacy policies.
Police Operations 3.0: On the Impact and Policy Implications of Police Operations on the Warez Scene
Authors: Décary‐Hétu David
Published: September 2014

Governments and private firms have sought to regulate online piracy through legislation, police enforcement, and lawsuits. This article evaluates the effectiveness of large‐scale police operations that targeted the warez scene, the community of hackers responsible for much of the copyrighted content illegally distributed online. Using interrupted time series, we find no significant direct or indirect impact of large‐scale police operations on the warez scene. We explain the lack of direct impact by the number of arrests made during the police operations. We explain the indirect impact of police operations by the high turnover of warez groups, the vacuum created by the removal of large, established warez groups, the online nature of the warez scene, and the constrains in deterrence power online.
Deflection of mantle flow beneath subducting slabs and the origin of subslab anisotropy
Authors: Paczkowski Karen , Thissen Christopher J. , Long Maureen D. , Montési Laurent G. J.
Published: September 2014

Global compilations of subslab shear wave splitting parameters show a mix of trench‐parallel and trench‐perpendicular fast directions that often directly contradict predictions from two‐dimensional models of slab‐entrained flow. Here we show that subslab anisotropy is consistent with three‐dimensional geodynamic models that feature the interaction between subducting slabs and regional mantle flow. Each model represents a specific region for which high‐quality source‐side shear wave splitting data are available. We compare the distribution of finite strain in the models with shear wave splitting observations, showing that both trench‐parallel and trench‐perpendicular fast directions can be explained by deflection of regional mantle flow around or beneath subducted slabs. Subslab maximum elongation directions calculated from our models depend on a combination of geometry factors (such as slab dip angle and maximum depth), mechanical parameters (such as decoupling between the slab and the subjacent mantle), and the orientation and magnitude of the regional mantle flow.
Changing volatility of U.S. annual tornado reports
Authors: Tippett Michael K.
Published: September 2014

United States (U.S.) tornado activity results in substantial loss of life and property damage each year. A simple measure of the U.S. tornado climatology is the average number of tornadoes per year. However, even this statistic is elusive because of nonstationary behavior due in large part to changes in reporting practices. Differencing of the annual report data results in a quantity without mean trends and whose standard deviation we denote as volatility, since it is an indication of the likely year‐to‐year variation in the number of tornadoes reported. While volatility changes detected prior to 2000 can be associated with known reporting practice changes, an increase in volatility in the 2000s across intensity levels cannot. A volatility increase is also seen in a tornado environment index which measures the favorability of atmospheric conditions to tornado activity, providing evidence that the recent increase in tornado report volatility is related to the physical environment.
Do physical activity and sedentary behavior relate to cardio‐metabolic risk factor clustering in indigenous Siberian adults?
Authors: Wilson Hannah J. , Leonard William R. , Tarskaia Larissa A. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Krivoshapkin Vadim G. , Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: September 2014

Objectives

To investigate whether having multiple risk factors for cardio‐metabolic disease is associated with objectively measured physical activity or sedentary behavior within a sample of Yakut (Sakha) of Siberia.

Methods

This cross sectional study involved 63 Yakut adults (32 men) who were measured for cardio‐metabolic risk factors. Free living physical activity and sedentary behavior were calculated from waist accelerometry. Correlations and t‐tests were used to assess the relationship between moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and individual risk factors and clustering of risk factors.

Results

These Yakut were physically active, with 54.4% spending at least 30 min in MVPA, with men being more active than women and women having less favorable cardio‐metabolic profiles. These Yakut spent about 7.5 h in SB a day. SB was not related to cardio‐metabolic risk factors. MVPA was significantly and negatively related to waist circumference and risk factor clustering in men and the total sample. MVPA was not related to women's risk factors.

Conclusions

Objectively measured physical activity was related to lower risk of cardio‐metabolic risk factor clustering within this sample of Yakut men, but not women. SB was not related to cardio‐metabolic indicators. Physical activity may contribute to a reduction in clustering of metabolic risk factors within indigenous circumpolar populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:149–156, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which is the appropriate scale to assess the impact of landscape spatial configuration on the diet and behavior of spider monkeys?
Authors: Ordóñez‐Gómez José D. , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Nicasio‐Arzeta Sergio , Cristóbal‐Azkarate Jurgi
Published: September 2014

Understanding the response of species to changes in landscape configuration is required to design adequate management and conservation strategies. Yet, the most appropriate spatial scale (i.e., landscape size) to assess the response of species to changes in landscape configuration (so‐called “scale of effect”) is largely unknown. In this paper, we assess the impact of landscape forest cover, forest fragmentation, edge density, and inter‐patch isolation distance on the diet and behavior of six communities of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in the fragmented Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We evaluated the strength of the relationship between each landscape predictor and each response variable within ten different‐sized landscapes (range = 50–665 ha) to identify the landscape size that best predicted changes in diet and behavior. The strength of most associations varied across spatial scales, with the 126‐ha landscape showing the strongest relationships between landscape predictors and response variables in many cases. Yet forest cover represented the main driver of the diet and behavior of spider monkeys, being positively associated with time traveling and time feeding on wood, but negatively related to time resting and time feeding on leaves. Although weaker, the impact of edge density was opposite to forest cover for most response variables. Forest fragmentation and isolation distance showed the weakest associations with the diet and behavior of this species. Our findings thus indicate that different landscape attributes operate on different response variables at different spatial scales. Therefore, the scale of effects cannot be generalized to all response variables and to all predictors, and a multi‐scale analysis will be required to accurately assess the impact of landscape configuration on species' responses. Am. J. Primatol. 77:56–65, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary adaptations of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in limestone forests in Southwest China
Authors: Huang Zhonghao , Huang Chengming , Tang Chuangbin , Huang Libin , Tang Huaxing , Ma Guangzhi , Zhou Qihai
Published: September 2014

Limestone hills are an unusual habitat for primates, prompting them to evolve specific behavioral adaptations to the component karst habitat. From September 2012 to August 2013, we collected data on the diet of one group of Assamese macaques living in limestone forests at Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China, using instantaneous scan sampling. Assamese macaques were primarily folivorous, young leaves accounting for 75.5% and mature leaves an additional 1.8% of their diet. In contrast, fruit accounted for only 20.1%. The young leaves of Bonia saxatilis, a shrubby, karst‐endemic bamboo that is superabundant in limestone hills, comprised the bulk of the average monthly diet. Moreover, macaques consumed significantly more bamboo leaves during the season when the availability of fruit declined, suggesting that bamboo leaves are an important fallback food for Assamese macaques in limestone forests. In addition, diet composition varied seasonally. The monkeys consumed significantly more fruit and fewer young leaves in the fruit‐rich season than in the fruit‐lean season. Fruit consumption was positively correlated with fruit availability, indicating that fruit is a preferred food for Assamese macaques. Of seventy‐eight food species, only nine contributed >0.5% of the annual diet, and together these nine foods accounted for 90.7% of the annual diet. Our results suggest that bamboo consumption represents a key factor in the Assamese macaque's dietary adaptation to limestone habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 77:171–185, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides and Conjugates: Access to Lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG‐chitotriomycin
Authors: Despras Guillaume , Alix Aurélien , Urban Dominique , Vauzeilles Boris , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: September 2014

The direct and chemoselective N‐transacylation of peracetylated chitooligosaccharides (COSs), readily obtained from chitin, to give per‐N‐trifluoroacetyl derivatives offers an attractive route to size‐defined COSs and derived glycoconjugates. It involves the use of various acceptor building blocks and trifluoromethyl oxazoline dimer donors prepared with efficiency and highly reactive in 1,2‐trans glycosylation reactions. This method was applied to the preparation of the important symbiotic glycolipids which are highly active on plants and to the TMG‐chitotriomycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of insect, fungal, and bacterial N‐acetylglucosaminidases.
Thermal, optical, and electrical characterization of thin film coated RTV 655 bilayer system
Authors: Sabri Firouzeh , King Derek S. , Lokesh Abhi , Hatch Chris J. , Duran Randolph A.
Published: September 2014

Adhesion of thin films to hydrophobic elastomeric substrates is of particular interest in the area of flexible electronics and nano‐sensor technology. Here, nanometer‐thick Au films were deposited directly onto hydrophobic RTV 655 substrates by means of sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroless techniques without an adhesion‐promoting layer. The bilayer system was exposed to repeat thermal cycling and changes to the surface morphology of the thin film were monitored electrically and optically. Buckle formation in the as‐deposited film was attributed to stress in the film and substrate stiffness rather than thermal coefficient mismatch between films. The Au‐RTV 655 interface was water tight and maintained a strong adhesion despite repeated thermal cycles. Sputtered and thermally evaporated carbon‐coated RTV 655 substrates were also studied in parallel for comparison. Periodic arrays of buckles formed in pre‐strained RTV 655 samples showed reproducibility in their optical properties demonstrating good adhesion between the two layers without an interfacial layer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41396.
Synthesis of macroporous polymer foams via pickering high internal phase emulsions for highly efficient 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol removal
Authors: Qu Qin , Pan Jianming , Yin Yijie , Wu Runrun , Shi Weidong , Yan Yongsheng , Dai Xiaohui
Published: September 2014

Macroporous polymers foams (MPFs) were prepared by W/O Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by oleic acid (OA) modified silica nanoparticles (SPs), and then as‐prepared MPFs were applied to highly efficient adsorption of 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol (TCP). The characterization demonstrated that MPFs possessed macropore (50–150 μm) and interconnected pores (0.5–2 μm), and also had slightly hydrophobic nature (contact angle was 116°) and excellent thermal stability especially bellow 200°C. The influence of pH value, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time for the batch mode adsorption process was investigated, and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity and equilibrium time at 25°C were 167.7 mg g−1 and 30 min, respectively. Moreover, the experimental data indicate that equilibrium isotherms for TCP fitted to the non‐linear Langmuir model, and both the adsorption and desorption kinetics can be represented by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The possible adsorption mechanism was considered to be the dispersion and hydrophobic interaction, simultaneously. The regeneration of the MPFs for one cycle was 94%. The results above strongly proved that this method reached the effect of highly efficient TCP removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41430.
Toughening effects of interleaved nylon veils on glass fabric/low‐styrene‐emission unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: O'Donovan Kieran , Ray Dipa , McCarthy Michael A.
Published: September 2014

The effectiveness of using interleaved nylon veils to increase the interlaminar toughness of glass fiber reinforced, low‐styrene emission unsaturated polyester resin composites has been investigated. Samples were manufactured by a hand lay‐up technique followed by compression moulding. Nylon 66 veils were used, with the veil content varying from 0% to 4% by weight. Double cantilever beam, short beam shear, and three point bend tests were performed. The increasing levels of nylon veil content improved the interlaminar toughness of the composites, which was characterized by critical strain energy release rate (GIC). The maximum GIC for crack propagation of a nylon interleaved composite increased by almost 170% over the baseline glass fiber reinforced composite. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis revealed an increase in the damping parameter of up to 117%. Image analysis via Digital Image Correlation and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed increased fiber bridging between adjacent plies as a key reason for these improvements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41462.
Economic Cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific and the Global Trading System
Authors: Armstrong Shiro
Published: September 2014

The global trading system has underpinned huge growth in trade and the integration of economies that have signed on to it, whether they are political allies or not—none more so than in the Asia‐Pacific region. It has prevented political disputes between Japan and China adversely affecting trade and investment flows between the two countries. The World Trade Organisation continues to play an important role. This is evidenced by the number of countries still willing to join the organisation, its record in keeping markets open during crises and the effectiveness of the dispute settlement mechanism. Yet the global trading system faces challenges. The rules and agenda, as well as the single undertaking mode of negotiations, are not effective or relevant to commerce in the twenty‐first century. The shift to mega‐regional agreements further undermines its primacy. A weakened global trading system could also have negative spillovers for political relations between countries.
A Proposal to Integrate Price Mechanisms into International Climate Negotiations
Authors: McKibbin Warwick , Morris Adele , Wilcoxen Peter
Published: September 2014

The Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continue their efforts to forge a new binding international agreement by 2015. This article proposes to adapt international negotiations to allow for hybrid price and quantity‐based commitments. The economic risks surrounding target‐only commitments—the current approach—are enormous. Combining a clear cumulative emissions target with price‐based limits on the cost associated with achieving that target would reduce those risks, ensure that commitments by Parties remain feasible and reduce the chance that the agreement would collapse. Moreover, we argue that adding prices into the agreement offers transparent and verifiable assurance of the comparability of effort across countries. Finally, we also show that it is possible to calculate ‘carbon price equivalents’ of quantity‐based climate commitments in a conceptually similar way to the tariff equivalents used in international trade negotiations.
Targets and Fisheries Management in the Asia and Pacific Region
Authors: Chu Long , Kompas Tom
Published: September 2014

Marine fisheries in the Asia and the Pacific region play an important role in global, regional and national economies. Many of the fisheries in the region are over‐exploited, both biologically and economically. We focus on the use of appropriate fishery targets, and the importance of tying those targets to management objectives to overcome the usual and unwanted negative externalities that occur in ocean fisheries, the ones that result in substantial over‐fishing. Of particular importance is the use of a maximum economic yield target for both short‐ and long‐lived species. Maximum economic yield, when combined with appropriately designed marine protected areas, or marine reserves, not only provides maximum profitability and generally larger and more ‘conservationist’ stocks of fish, but it also ensures a measure of resilience from stochastic shocks that may negatively impact the fishery. It remains the preferred target for most fisheries in the Asia and Pacific region.
To quiz or not to quiz: Formative tests help detect students at risk of failing the clinical anatomy course
Authors: Azzi Alain J. , Ramnanan Christopher J. , Smith Jennifer , Dionne Éric , Jalali Alireza
Published: September 2014

Through a modified team‐based learning (TBL) in the anatomy pre‐clerkship curriculum, formative evaluations are utilized in the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine to assess and predict students' outcomes on summative examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of formative assessments to predict student's performance on summative examinations, during the first two semesters of medical school. Formative assessments included multiple‐choice quizzes (MCQ) for each laboratory session and a practical midterm examination (MIDTERM), while the summative assessment corresponded to the final practical examination (FINAL). A moderate correlation between MCQs and FINAL (r = 0.353 and 0.301, respectively), and strong correlation between MIDTERM and FINAL assessments (r = 0.688 and 0.610, respectively) were found in the first two semesters. The MIDTERM‐FINAL correlations were enhanced for students who scored under 61% in the MIDTERM (r = 0.887 and 0.717, respectively). Despite limitations, mostly related to particularities of the used tests, the analysis revealed an efficient method to identify students at risk of failing the FINAL in a TBL‐based anatomy program. Future developments include the elaboration of strategies to predict and support those underperforming students. Anat Sci Educ 8: 413–420. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists.
The functional study of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells harbouring angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in rat acute lung ischemia‐reperfusion injury model
Authors: Liu Fabing , Gao Fengying , Li Qian , Liu Zhenwei
Published: September 2014

Acute lung ischemia‐reperfusion injury (ALIRI) is featured as non‐specific alveolar damage, lung edema and hypoxemia, often occurring within 72 h after surgery. It is the leading cause for primary graft failure and mortality after lung surgery and transplantation. Here we aimed to find a more effective therapeutic approach to treat ALIRI. We evaluated the combinational effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the rat ALIRI model. HUMSCs were isolated for lentiviral‐ACE2 transfection. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham surgery, physiological saline (PS), ACE2, HUMSCs and HUMSCs‐ACE2 group. Several physiological, biochemical and histological indicators were examined and compared among the five groups, such as blood oxygen saturation (Sat O2%) and right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVSBP), pulmonary morphology observations, several kinds of cell markers and the abundance of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Compared with HUMSCs and ACE2 groups, HUMSCs‐ACE2 group showed lighter lung injuries, higher CD31 and vWF expression (endothelial cell surface markers), lower γ‐H2AX (DNA damage marker) and CD68 (inflammatory cell marker) and higher anti‐oxidants expression (GR, GPX and NQO1). The results indicated that HUMSCs harbouring ACE2 were more effective than either HUMSCs or ACE2 alone in alleviating the ALIRI damages. The synergistic effects of HUMSCs and ACE2 provide informative clues for mechanism study and therapeutic method development of ALIRI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation on Carbon‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles: Elucidating the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Savara Aditya , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Rossetti Ilenia , Villa Alberto , Prati Laura
Published: September 2014

Experiments were conducted on the liquid‐phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol over Pd nanoparticles, with the aim of determining the operative chemical reaction. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with para‐xylene as the solvent and continuous gas purging of the headspace. The following experimental parameters were varied: the initial benzyl alcohol concentration, the oxygen partial pressure in the headspace, and the reactor temperature. From trends in the concentration profiles and integrated production of each product, it was determined that there are two primary reaction paths: A) an alkoxy pathway leading to toluene, benzaldehyde, and benzyl ether, and B) a carbonyloxyl pathway (“neutral carboxylate”) leading to benzoic acid, benzene, and benzyl benzoate. From the mechanism elucidated, it is clear that the coverages of atomic hydrogen, atomic oxygen, and surface hydroxyls must be accounted for to achieve a complete description of the quantitative kinetics.
Key factors for biohydrogen production by dark fermentation
Authors: Clion Valentin , Dumas Christine , Collin Sophie , Ernst Barbara
Published: September 2014

Among biological ways of hydrogen production, the dark fermentation process gives important prospects. One of the key factors of bioreactor operation is the biogas extraction. Thus, this work gives a parametric optimization of the bioreactor as a function of the sweep gas nature and flow rate.

The bacterial inoculum was activated sludge of wastewater treatment plant, which was thermally treated to inhibit the activity of hydrogenotrophic and non‐hydrogen producing micro‐organisms. The fermentation was performed in a semi‐batch bioreactor with a model substrate. Biogas was analyzed online by GC‐TCD and metabolites (volatile fatty acids and alcohols) were analyzed by GC‐FID. Kinetics parameters of hydrogen production were obtained by modelling.

Increase the sweep gas (N2) flow rate in the bioreactor results in an increase of hydrogen yield and cumulative production of 35 %. In the purpose of recycling the CO2 produced by fermentation, the addition of CO2 to N2 as sweep gas gives a yield improvement from 2.10 molH2/molhexose with N2 alone, to 2.37 molH2/molhexose with a mixture of CO2:N2 (75:25). In order to reduce the amount of suspended matter in initial biomass, filtration tests show an equivalent hydrogen yield but with a higher lag time than with unfiltered biomass (30 h towards 4.4 h). The presence of hydrogen producing bacteria mainly stick with the solid part of sludge was highlighted.
Cytological features of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea
Authors: Kagotani Akiko , Ishida Mitsuaki , Yoshida Keiko , Iwai Muneo , Okabe Hidetoshi
Published: September 2014

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a distinct type of carcinoma, and cytological examination has been recognized as a useful tool in its diagnosis. Dedifferentiation is defined as the abrupt transformation of a low‐grade tumor into a tumor with high‐grade components. Albeit extremely rare, dedifferentiated AdCC has been reported: however, the cytological features of this tumor have not been documented. We observed a case in which a 66‐year‐old Japanese male had stenosis and thickness of the lower tracheal and bronchial walls. Cytological smears of a bronchial brush specimen revealed features typical for low‐grade AdCC. However, a few cohesive epithelial cell clusters composed of large, atypical polygonal cells with large nuclei and conspicuous nucleoli also were present. This component was considered to represent dedifferentiated carcinoma. Histopathological study of the resected bronchial tumor revealed dedifferentiated AdCC. The cytological diagnosis of conventional low‐grade AdCC is straightforward in most cases, although extremely rare, dedifferentiated carcinoma can occur within the conventional AdCC, and detection of a dedifferentiated component is possible in a cytological specimen because of obvious nuclear atypia. Therefore, careful observation is needed because cytologic diagnosis of dedifferentiated AdCC can help expedite treatment of this highly aggressive tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:880–883. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prestaining of glycoproteins in SDS‐PAGE via 4H‐[1]‐Benzopyrano[4,3‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylic acid hydrazide with weak influence on protein mobility
Authors: Zhu Zhongxin , Zhou Xuan , Wang Yang , Yu Qing , Zhu Xinliang , Niu Chao , Cong Weitao , Jin Litai
Published: September 2014

A new fluorescent prestaining method for gel‐separated glycoproteins in 1D and 2D SDS‐PAGE was developed by using 4H‐[1]‐Benzopyrano[4,3‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylic acid hydrazide (BH). The prestained gels were readily imaged after electrophoresis without any time‐consuming steps needed for poststain. As low as 4–8 ng glycoproteins (transferrin, α1‐acid glycoprotein) could be selectively detected, which is comparable to the most commonly used Pro‐Q Emerald 488 glycoprotein stain. In addition, subsequent study of deglycosylation, glycoprotein affinity chromatography, and LC‐MS/MS analysis were performed to confirm the specificity of the newly developed method. As a result, BH prestain provides a new choice for quick, sensitive, specific, economical, and MS compatible visualization of gel‐separated glycoproteins.
Determination of acidity constants of sparingly soluble drugs in aqueous solution by the internal standard capillary electrophoresis method
Authors: Cabot Joan Marc , Fuguet Elisabet , Rosés Martí
Published: September 2014

A set of 33 drugs with different solubilities, ranging from soluble to very insoluble, has been chosen in order to evaluate the performance of the internal standard CE method to determine acidity constants of compounds with limited solubility. The set of drugs tested in this work has been chosen as a function of their intrinsic solubility. For the most insoluble compounds, several analytical conditions to overcome the insolubility in aqueous buffers have been tested. This paper assesses the compound solubility limits for the IS‐CE method in aqueous pKa determinations, and also compares the determined pKas with the results from the literature data obtained by other methods. It is proved that IS‐CE method determines acidity constants of sparingly soluble drugs in aqueous media (compounds with logS down to around –6), whereas other reference methods require the use of aqueous–organic solvent buffers and extrapolation procedures to obtain the aqueous pKa for the same compounds.
Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI)
Authors: Merchant Christopher J. , Embury Owen , Roberts‐Jones Jonah , Fiedler Emma , Bulgin Claire E. , Corlett Gary K. , Good Simon , McLaren Alison , Rayner Nick , Morak‐Bozzo Simone , Donlon Craig
Published: September 2014

Sea surface temperature (SST) datasets have been generated from satellite observations for the period 1991–2010, intended for use in climate science applications. Attributes of the datasets specifically relevant to climate applications are: first, independence from in situ observations; second, effort to ensure homogeneity and stability through the time‐series; third, context‐specific uncertainty estimates attached to each SST value; and, fourth, provision of estimates of both skin SST (the fundamental measurement, relevant to air‐sea fluxes) and SST at standard depth and local time (partly model mediated, enabling comparison with historical in situ datasets). These attributes in part reflect requirements solicited from climate data users prior to and during the project. Datasets consisting of SSTs on satellite swaths are derived from the Along‐Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSRs) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRRs). These are then used as sole SST inputs to a daily, spatially complete, analysis SST product, with a latitude‐longitude resolution of 0.05°C and good discrimination of ocean surface thermal features. A product user guide is available, linking to reports describing the datasets' algorithmic basis, validation results, format, uncertainty information and experimental use in trial climate applications. Future versions of the datasets will span at least 1982–2015, better addressing the need in many climate applications for stable records of global SST that are at least 30 years in length.
An overview of the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project
Authors: Finley Robert J.
Published: September 2014

The Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP) is being carried out by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC), led by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) at the University of Illinois. The MGSC is one of the US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a mitigation tool to address global climate change. The MGSC team includes the ISGS, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) of Decatur, Illinois. ADM operates an agricultural product processing facility in Decatur, Illinois, at which 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) derived from the production of fuel ethanol is captured and injected into a deep saline reservoir, the Mount Simon Sandstone, at a rate of 1000 tonnes/day. Injection began in November 2011 and is scheduled for completion in November 2014. The site was selected after extensive geological screening work throughout the Illinois Basin. The lower third of the Mount Simon Sandstone contains bedload fluvial deposits with excellent reservoir quality; capacity, injectivity, and containment are meeting expectations. The IBDP incorporates extensive subsurface and surface monitoring, which integrates the injection well, a deep monitoring well, a geophysical monitoring well, and numerous shallow groundwater wells and surface monitoring sites. Multiple disciplines in geology, reservoir engineering, geophysics, outreach and education, reservoir modeling, hydrology, geochemistry, basin analysis, seismology, data management, chemical engineering, facilities construction, and field operations have combined to make IBDP a viable project.
Design and operation of compression system for one million tonne CO2 sequestration test
Authors: Jones Rosalind A. , McKaskle Ray W.
Published: September 2014

The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, one of seven US Department of Energy Regional Sequestration Partnerships, began a large‐scale injection of 1000 tonnes (metric tons) per day of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) facility in Decatur, Illinois, in November 2011. This project is also known as the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP). Trimeric Corporation had process engineering design responsibility for the compression and dehydration facility that is used to take atmospheric pressure CO2 from the ADM ethanol fermentation process and deliver dehydrated, supercritical CO2 to the injection well. An overview of the project design basis and the requirements that led to the selected process design is presented. An explanation of the equipment selection process is provided. An overall system design review including the multistage centrifugal blower, reciprocating compressors, triethylene‐glycol dehydration system, multistage centrifugal pump, and the pipeline is presented. Lessons learned during commissioning, startup, and operations are discussed. Future project concerns are discussed.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Newtonian Fluids from a Backward‐Facing Step: Effects of Expansion Ratio, Reynolds, and Prandtl Numbers
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Dhiman Amit
Published: September 2014

This study involves the numerical solution of the laminar heat transfer in a separating and reattaching flow by simulating the flow and heat transfer downstream of a backward‐facing step. The in‐house finite volume code has been implemented employing a hybrid differencing scheme and the SIMPLE algorithm for the pressure–velocity coupling. Three principal parameters governing heat transfer in this geometry, that is channel expansion ratio (ER), Reynolds number (Re), and Prandtl number (Pr), are systematically varied in the range ER = 1.111 to 2, Re = 1 to 200, and Pr = 0.71 to 100, and the simple correlations between these parameters have been elucidated. A series of important findings have been established by analyzing the results some of which are: (1) there is an associated shifting of the point of maximum heat transfer with respect to the flow‐reattachment point with gradually decreasing the values of ER and (2) the heat transfer enhancement increases with the increase in Pr number as a result of the compression of the thermal boundary layer and the maximum Nusselt number varies as .
Ten Changes Psychotherapists Typically Make as They Mature Into the Role of Supervisor
Authors: Goodyear Rodney , Lichtenberg James W. , Bang Keeyeon , Gragg Janee Both
Published: September 2014

Stage models have largely informed scholarship on supervisor developmental processes. We argue that understanding this development as occurring along dimensions is more useful for both supervision practitioners and educators as well as for those engaged in research on supervisor development. Building on the work of Heid () and working with a panel of 7 supervision experts, we identify 10 themes and validate their salience to supervisor development using a sample of 22 clinical supervisors. We describe and elaborate on each theme, and then present and discuss a case vignette that illustrates many of the supervisor developmental themes.
Mass spectrometry in food proteomics: a tutorial
Authors: Cunsolo Vincenzo , Muccilli Vera , Saletti Rosaria , Foti Salvatore
Published: September 2014

In the last decades, the continuous and rapid evolution of proteomic approaches has provided an efficient platform for the characterization of food‐derived proteins. Particularly, the impressive increasing in performance and versatility of the MS instrumentation has contributed to the development of new analytical strategies for proteins, evidencing how MS arguably represents an indispensable tool in food proteomics. Investigation of protein composition in foodstuffs is helpful for understanding the relationship between the protein content and the nutritional and technological properties of foods, the production of methods for food traceability, the assessment of food quality and safety, including the detection of allergens and microbial contaminants in foods, or even the characterization of genetically modified products. Given the high variety of the food‐derived proteins and considering their differences in chemical and physical properties, a single proteomic strategy for all purposes does not exist. Rather, proteomic approaches need to be adapted to each analytical problem, and development of new strategies is necessary in order to obtain always the best results. In this tutorial, the most relevant aspects of MS‐based methodologies in food proteomics will be examined, and their advantages and drawbacks will be discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of ten underivatized biogenic amines in meat by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Sirocchi Veronica , Caprioli Giovanni , Ricciutelli Massimo , Vittori Sauro , Sagratini Gianni
Published: September 2014

Biogenic amines (BAs) are considered to be important indicators of freshness and quality in food. In this work, an analytical method for analyzing ten underivatized BAs in meat by performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. Comparison between ion trap and triple quadrupole as mass analyzers indicated that the latter provides greater sensitivity and selectivity. The range of the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves of the analyzed compounds was 0.987–0.999, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.002–0.1 mg l−1 and 0.008–0.5 mg l−1, respectively. Once validated, the method was used to analyze the concentrations of BAs in 16 commercial meat samples, for evaluating the freshness of food through the study of BA indices, i.e. biogenic amine index (BAI) and the ratio spermidine/spermine (SPD/SPE). The results indicated that all the samples were fresh, with a BAI lower than 1.49 mg kg−1 and a SPD/SPE ratio lower than 0.41 in each case. This methodology for testing the freshness of meat has potential for quality control applications along the entire production chain of meat products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.