bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Alkaline Activator Mixing and Curing Conditions for A fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Paste System
Authors: Abdulkareem Omar A. , Ramli Mahyuddin
Published: November 2015

This article reports the strength development and microstructure characteristics of a fly ash (FA) geopolymer system prepared with an alkaline activator consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and liquid sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). The effect of Na2SiO3/NaOH mass mixing ratio on the compressive strength and microstructure characteristics of hardened FA geopolymers at different ages was investigated. The influence of different curing conditions on the strength development of the FA geopolymer was also explored. The experimental results revealed that the alkaline activator prepared with Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1.00 provides sufficient alkalinity to promote the geopolymerization reaction and development of high-strength FA geopolymer material. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the dissolution rates of the FA extremely affected by the content of NaOH solution in the liquid activator. Also, the most effective curing regime was 70 °C for 24 h to produce geopolymers with optimal strength at different aging periods. 
Contribuições do dialogismo na interação didática assíncrona em mídia social na internet
Authors: Dotta Silvia Cristina , Testoni Elaine Alves
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a contribuição do dialogismo e das manifestações enunciativas na interação assíncrona em mídia social na internet. Para isso, o objeto de análise corresponde a uma atividade didática sistematizada no Facebook, como recurso para estimular graduandos a interesses de pesquisa que promovam a interação acadêmica fora do espaço universitário. Nesse sentido, serão analisadas as abordagens interativas e dialógicas entre os interlocutores por meio da experiência prática, na qual a docente propõe aos alunos um debate acerca de dado filme. Os resultados esperados assinalam o dialogismo como meio relevante para a apreensão de sentidos cognitivos e para a promoção da aprendizagem.
Desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional: Um relato de atividade junto ao Ensino Médio, através do Estágio Supervisionado em Computação III
Authors: Hinterholz Lucas Tadeu , Cruz Marcia Elena Kniphoff da
Published: November 2015

O pensamento computacional incentiva a resolução de problemas em todas as áreas do conhecimento, tendo origem na Ciência da Computação. Este relato tem sua proposta baseada no incentivo ao pensamento computacional, com base no princípio da "Computação Desplugada". O trabalho foi realizado através do Estágio Supervisionado em Computação III, do curso de Licenciatura em Computação da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. O estágio foi realizado em escola pública do município de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS com turma do Ensino Médio e abordou, como conteúdo, fundamentos de Banco de Dados. Conclui-se que o aproveitamento por parte dos alunos foi plenamente satisfatório e que disciplinas relativas ao incentivo do pensamento computacional devem integrar o currículo formal das escolas.
Utilização da ferramenta Five Labs para Identificação de Traços de Personalidade dos Estudantes
Authors: Aguiar Janderson J. B. , Fechine Joseana M. , Costa Evandro B.
Published: November 2015

Cada vez mais há preocupação em tratar os alunos de maneira individualizada. A Personalidade é um aspecto peculiar de cada indivíduo que pode influenciar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em apresentar um relato de experiência, no espaço escolar, envolvendo o uso da ferramenta Five Labs para, com base em postagens na rede social Facebook, extrair os Traços de Personalidade dos alunos. Com esta ferramenta, foi possível identificar com facilidade o perfil de três turmas de alunos de informática em nível técnico. Espera-se com este artigo incentivar a identificação desse aspecto psicológico nas escolas, além de incentivar mais pesquisas sobre Personalidade em Informática na Educação.
Experiência Prática Interdisciplinar do Raciocínio Computacional em Atividades de Computação Desplugada na Educação Básica
Authors: Ferreira Ana Carolina C. , Melhor André , Barreto Jandiaci dos S. , Paiva Luiz Fernando de , Matos Ecivaldo
Published: November 2015

Neste artigo é descrito um relato de experiência de como foi- trabalhado o raciocínio computacional integrando os conteúdos curriculares da educação básica (ensino fundamental e médio) de uma escola pública, por meio da computação desplugada, trazendo uma possibilidade metodológica de construção interdisciplinar dos conhecimentos da Ciência da Computação incorporados nas disciplinas escolares, de maneira dialógica. Ao longo do texto é apresentado um sumário das atividades, conteúdos e turmas que foram trabalhadas, bem como as opiniões dos professores a respeito das intervenções na escola.
Computação Ubíqua para apoiar a educação musical: explorações com o Makey Makey
Authors: Santos Thiago Marcondes , Filippo Denise , Pimentel Mariano
Published: November 2015

Aprender um instrumento musical está associado a horas de prática para aperfeiçoamento técnico e evolução musical do estudante, deixando fora desse processo muitos interessados que não podem se dedicar com tanto esforço. Esse contexto se deve às características físicas de cada instrumento e sua maneira particular de gerar o som. Com as novas tecnologias computacionais, como a computação ubíqua, outras formas de se gerar som possibilitam outras abordagens para a criação e educação musical. Este artigo descreve uma investigação do uso da computação ubíqua no contexto de sala de aula do ensino fundamental com intuito de promover a aprendizagem e a vivência de conceitos musicais. Num estudo de caso exploratório, um ambiente escolar foi transformado em um laboratório sonoro, cujos sons foram ativados a partir de contatos corporais já conhecidos dos estudantes, como o bater de palmas. Desta forma, a sala de aula se apresenta como instrumento musical coletivo, diminuindo as barreiras técnicas necessárias à execução musical.
Formação Continuada de Professores para as TIC: Análise a Partir dos Cursos Ofertados pelo NTE-Natal
Authors: Lima Rodrigo R. M. de , Lima Wamberto J. F. de , Maia Dennys Leite
Published: November 2015

A formação continuada de professores é fundamental para a atualização de suas práticas pedagógicas. O emprego das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) no âmbito escolar já é uma realidade, mas se faz necessário o conhecimento dos professores para aplicá-las na educação. Na cidade de NatalRN, essa formação é oferecida pelo Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional (NTENatal). Através de pesquisas bibliográficas e coleta de dados obtidos desse núcleo, foi possível analisar fatores importantes que podem servir de subsídios para o crescimento do NTE-Natal. Com este estudo, identificamos a relevância dos trabalhos realizados no NTE para a formação continuada dos professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Natal no uso pedagógico das TIC.
Concepções de Inclusão Digital na Formação Inicial de Educadores
Authors: Marcon Karina , Carvalho Marie Jane Soares
Published: November 2015

Esse artigo socializa os resultados de uma pesquisa doutoral, cujo objetivo foi analisar a compreensão e a prática da inclusão digital na formação inicial de educadores na modalidade a distância das Universidades Abertas do Brasil e de Portugal. Foram realizadas pesquisas em teses e dissertações para a criação de um estado da arte sobre o conceito de inclusão digital e uma pesquisa de campo nos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação (Universidade Aberta de Portugal) e Pedagogia a Distância (Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina). Por meio de um estudo multicaso, uma das categorias da pesquisa teve o objetivo de compreender a concepção de inclusão digital pela equipe docente, análise apresentada nesse texto.
Uma Proposta de Jogo Assistivo para Dispositivos Móveis em Prol da Inclusão Digital de Deficientes Visuais
Authors: Junqueira Maria Aparecida Pereira , Cunha Luiz Filipe , Machado Alex Fernandes da Veiga , Moreira Josimar Gonçalves Ribeiro
Published: November 2015

O avanço tecnológico tem possibilitado cada dia mais o acesso à informação por portadores de deficiência. Diversas aplicações vêm contribuindo para facilitar as atividades desenvolvidas por elas, quer seja em um computador ou até mesmo em tablets ou celulares. Para deficientes visuais já é possível, por exemplo, ler ou editar textos e usar o e-mail sozinhos, através do uso de sistemas operacionais específicos ou leitores eletrônicos. Apesar disto, observou-se que a indústria do entretenimento eletrônico não tem atingido este público, mantendo suas aplicações com elementos gráficos ao qual um cego não teria acesso. Portanto, foi desenvolvido um jogo de dominó mobile assistivo para este público, a fim de incluí-los no mundo do entretenimento virtual.
Programação de Computadores e Robótica Educativa na Escola: tendências evidenciadas nas produções do Workshop de Informática na Escola
Authors: Lessa Valéria Espíndola , Forigo Franciele Meinerz , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro , Licks Gabriel Paludo
Published: November 2015

Este texto apresenta uma análise sobre as principais tendências em programação de computadores e em robótica educativa na escola, evidenciadas nas produções científicas do Workshop de Informática na Escola, nas dez edições do evento, realizadas de 2005 a 2014. O trabalho adota uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, a partir da qual identificamos as características das produções publicadas nos anais do referido evento, assim como os softwares e hardwares utilizados, as intenções pedagógicas, as quais evidenciam distintos objetivos de uso das tecnologias. O estudo mostra que em face do desenvolvimento das tecnologias alguns avanços têm sido alcançados de forma incipiente.
Pleural effusion in children associated with adenovirus infection
Authors: Tiva G , Zampoli M , Vanker A
Published: November 2015

Viral pathogens are rare causes of pleural effusion in children. We present two cases of pleural effusions in children associated with adenovirus infection. Hepatomegaly with transaminitis, pleural fluid lymphocytosis and poor response to antibiotics were common features. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion in children.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease in the developing world
Authors: Raine Richard
Published: November 2015

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition, with studies from the USA suggesting that the prevalence is 4% in men and 2% in women.[1] The prevalence in other parts of the world is unknown but is likely to be similar.
A 2-year retrospective review of the effect of cigarette smoking status on the histological cell types of lung carcinoma in the Western Cape
Authors: Pellizzon A S , Koegelenberg C F N , Irusen E M
Published: November 2015

Background. Cigarette smoking is variably associated with the various histological cell types of lung cancer. The primary aim of this study was to analyse various strengths of association between the common histological cell types of lung cancer and smoking in a Western Cape population. The secondary aim examined whether an association exists between scar carcinoma and smoking.

Methods. We retrospectively analysed the records from 386 patients over a 2-year period. Both smokers and non-smokers were subdivided and analysed as two groups, which included those with non-small cell and small cell lung cancer. Smokers and non-smokers were also analysed separately according to the presence or absence of lung scarring.

Results. In total, 94.3% of all patients with lung cancer were current or past smokers. There was a disproportionately higher number of patients with adenocarcinoma who were non-smokers compared with all the other cell types (p=0.01), whereas patients with squamous cell carcinoma were more likely to be smokers (p=0.05). Although the vast majority of patients with and without lung scars were found to be smokers (96.4% v. 93.7% respectively), there was no statistically significant difference found between these two groups (p=0.43).

Conclusion. In a Western Cape population, patients with adenocarcinoma were more likely to be non-smokers, while those with squamous cell carcinoma were relatively more likely to be smokers. No clear association between scar carcinoma and smoking status was found.
Endoscopic lung volume reduction with coils
Authors: Vorster M J
Published: November 2015

The use of endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) as a minimally invasive procedure with significantly lower morbidity and mortality than surgery, is fast becoming a new treatment modality for a select group of patients with severe emphysema. Lung volume reduction can be achieved either by surgery (LVRS) or the use of endoscopic techniques. Although LVRS offers survival benefit and increased exercise capacity in selected patients, this comes at a price with significant associated morbidity and mortality. The use of endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) aims to reduce the risks and costs of surgery with comparable physiological benefits. Current evidence suggests that not all classes and phenotypes of emphysema will benefit from lung volume reduction, and that individual techniques may benefit different subgroups of patients. It therefore remains paramount that a systematic approach is followed and selection criteria are met, given the high costs and potential complications related to both LVRS and ELVR
Abstracts of presentations at the congress of the South African Thoracic Society in Cape Town, 7 - 10 August 2015
Authors: Thoracic Society South African
Published: November 2015

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Une pédagogie du mouvement dramatique : la formation de l’acteur au sein de la compagnie du Théâtre du Mouvement
Authors: Muscianisi Véronique
Published: November 2015

Cet article se propose d’aborder la formation des professionnels dans le domaine du théâtre gestuel à partir d’une étude centrée sur la pédagogie de la compagnie française du Théâtre du Mouvement, qui s’appuie sur les principes du mime corporel d’Étienne Decroux ainsi que sur des techniques somatiques. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure cette pédagogie, axée sur des connaissances anatomiques et physiologiques, apporte un vocabulaire de jeu pour un acteur conscient et autonome, tout en s’articulant à des principes de créativité pour le mouvement dramatique. Cette étude s’appuie sur un travail de terrain in situ que nous menons depuis 2009 auprès de la compagnie.
The Aiud “Prison Saints.” History, Memory, and Lived Religion
Authors: Grigore Monica
Published: November 2015

After the fall of communism in 1989, Romania, as others countries from Central and Eastern Europe, had to deal with its recent past marked by two dictatorships, one on the extreme right, the other on the extreme left. However, it seems that the post-communist society is rather preoccupied by the consequences of the communist regime than the fascist one. As the anti-communist narrative has become mainstream since the beginning of the 2000s, the victims of communist prisons received more and more attention. Several voices asked for the canonization of those prisoners that distinguished themselves for their belief. The Aiud “prison saints” are part of this current. Their stories are not simple and neither is the history: some of those who died in communist prisons were affiliated to the extreme right in the 1930s and the 1940s. While the Orthodox Church avoids to discuss their canonization, the new “saints” became the object of a popular devotion, which gathers together not only believers, but also representatives of the Church and the civil society. This article explores what the devotion for “prison saints” represents in the lived religion. Following the pilgrims to Aiud monastery and narratives concerning the “prison saints,” it appears that their veneration is not “natural,” but rather the result of a construction. As it turns out, lived religion is a vehicle for values diverging from the official democratic discourse.
Struggles for the Character of the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1989
Authors: Tížik Miroslav
Published: November 2015

After the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to power in 1948, power struggles followed between political parties and long-running internal struggles within the country’s Roman Catholic Church over the church’s character and organizational structure. These struggles related not only to purely theological issues, but also to the ideals of communism (and, later, socialism), the Communist Party and its program. The internal plurality within the church throughout the whole period of the people’s democracy and state socialism in Czechoslovakia calls into question the dualistic image of struggles between the church and the Communist Party, and it complicates the image of the church as a victim of the Communist regime. In particular, the crucial periods from 1948 to 1952 and from 1968 to 1969 suggest that, throughout much of the communist period there persisted tensions between the higher and lower clergy and there were diverging views on how the church should function; these tensions took on a diversity of shapes and varied in intensity.
Making the most of peer review
Authors: Slavov Nikolai
Published: November 2015

Journals should publish referee reports and respond to well-founded concerns about papers after publication.
Empirical modeling of the storm time innermost magnetosphere using Van Allen Probes and THEMIS data: Eastward and banana currents
Authors: Stephens G. K. , Sitnov M. I. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Roelof E. C. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Le G.
Published: November 2015

The structure of storm time currents in the inner magnetosphere, including its innermost region inside 4RE, is studied for the first time using a modification of the empirical geomagnetic field model TS07D and new data from Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms missions. It is shown that the model, which uses basis‐function expansions instead of ad hoc current modules to approximate the magnetic field, consistently improves its resolution and magnetic field reconstruction with the increase of the number of basis functions and resolves the spatial structure and evolution of the innermost eastward current. This includes a connection between the westward ring current flowing largely at
and the eastward ring current concentrated at
resulting in a vortex current pattern. A similar pattern coined ‘banana current’ was previously inferred from the pressure distributions based on the energetic neutral atom imaging and first‐principles ring current simulations. The morphology of the equatorial currents is dependent on storm phase. During the main phase, it is complex, with several asymmetries forming banana currents. Near SYM‐H minimum, the banana current is strongest, is localized in the evening‐midnight sector, and is more structured compared to the main phase. It then weakens during the recovery phase resulting in the equatorial currents to become mostly azimuthally symmetric.
Influence of post‐Tehuano oceanographic processes in the dynamics of the CO2 system in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
Authors: Chapa‐Balcorta Cecilia , Hernandez‐Ayon J. Martin , Durazo Reginaldo , Beier Emilio , Alin Simone R. , López‐Pérez Andrés
Published: November 2015

This investigation reports, for the first time, results of CO2 system variables in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, located in the Mexican tropical Pacific. We quantified the post‐Tehuano concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH (April 2013). These values were used to calculate pCO2, aragonite saturation (ΩAr), and air‐sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2). The intense vertical stratification was found to contribute to the biogeochemical processes in surface waters (<70 m). However, in post‐Tehuano conditions, high pCO2 (∼1000 µatm) and DIC concentrations (2200 µmol kg−1), as well as low ΩAr (∼1.1) and pH (∼7.5), remain in surface waters for a few days after Tehuano winds have weakened. We identified four oceanographic areas: (a) a highly mixed region due to previous Tehuano events; (b) coastal upwelling in the western region; (c) mesoscale eddies; (d) a poleward surface coastal current. The first three promoted the influence of Subtropical Subsurface Water in the chemistry of surface waters, whereas the coastal current contributed to the horizontal advection of DIC. The calculated CO2 fluxes ranged from −2.3 mmol m−2 d−1 in areas with stratified waters to over 25 mmol m−2 d−1 for mixed areas. Positive values indicate an ocean‐to‐atmosphere flux. Our findings suggest that the Gulf of Tehuantepec is a major source of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Attributing the behavior of low‐level clouds in large‐scale models to subgrid‐scale parameterizations
Authors: Neggers R. A. J.
Published: November 2015

This study explores ways of establishing the characteristic behavior of boundary layer schemes in representing subtropical marine low‐level clouds in climate models. To this purpose, parameterization schemes are studied in both isolated and interactive mode with the larger‐scale circulation. Results of the EUCLIPSE/GASS intercomparison study for Single‐Column Models (SCM) on low‐level cloud transitions are compared to General Circulation Model (GCM) results from the CFMIP‐2 project at selected grid points in the subtropical eastern Pacific. Low cloud characteristics are plotted as a function of key state variables for which Large‐Eddy Simulation results suggest a distinct and reasonably tight relation. These include the Cloud Top Entrainment Instability (CTEI) parameter and the total cloud cover. SCM and GCM results are thus compared and their resemblance is quantified using simple metrics. Good agreement is reported, to such a degree that SCM results are found to be uniquely representative of their GCM, and vice versa. This suggests that the system of parameterized fast boundary layer physics dominates the model state at any given time, even when interactive with the larger‐scale flow. This behavior can loosely be interpreted as a unique “fingerprint” of a boundary layer scheme, recognizable in both SCM and GCM simulations. The result justifies and advocates the use of SCM simulation for improving weather and climate models, including the attribution of typical responses of low clouds to climate change in a GCM to specific parameterizations.
USAFA Integrated Miniaturized Electrostatic Analyzer (iMESA)—An Undergraduate Space Weather Constellation
Authors: McHarg Geoff , Neal Parris , Taormina Nikolas , Strom Alex , Balthazor Richard
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Air Force Academy cadets design and build a space weather constellation

Instruments measure plasma density and temperature, spacecraft charging, total dose, and dose rate

Increasing density of in situ measurements improves space weather forecast
Congenital thrombocytopenia in a neonate with an interstitial microdeletion of 3q26.2q26.31
Authors: Bouman Arjan , Knegt Lia , Gröschel Stefan , Erpelinck Claudia , Sanders Mathijs , Delwel Ruud , Kuijpers Taco , Cobben Jan Maarten
Published: November 2015

Interstitial deletions encompassing the 3q26.2 region are rare. Only one case‐report was published this far describing a patient with an interstitial deletion of 3q26.2 (involving the MDS1‐EVI1 complex (MECOM)) and congenital thrombocytopenia. In this report we describe a case of a neonate with congenital thrombocytopenia and a constitutional 4.52 Mb deletion of 3q26.2q26.31 including TERC and the first 2 exons of MECOM, involving MDS1 but not EVI1. The deletion was demonstrated by array‐CGH on lymphocytes. Our report confirms that congenital thrombocytopenia can be due to a constitutional deletion of 3q26.2 involving MECOM. We suggest that in case of unexplained neonatal thrombocytopenia, with even just slight facial dysmorphism, DNA microarray on peripheral blood should be considered early in the diagnostic work‐up. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkoxylation and Amination of Cyclic Imides
Authors: Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Sorribes Iván , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2015

Reported herein, for the first time, is the selective ruthenium‐catalyzed reductive alkoxylation and amination of phthalimides/succinimides. Notably, this novel methodology avoids hydrogenation of the aromatic ring and allows methoxylation of substituted imides with good to excellent selectivity for one of the carbonyl groups. The reported method opens the door to the development of new processes for the selective synthesis of various functionalized N‐heterocyclic compounds. As an example, intramolecular reductive couplings to afford tricyclic compounds are presented for the first time.
Folding Up of Gold Nanoparticle Strings into Plasmonic Vesicles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Liu Yijing , He Jie , Yang Kuikun , Yi Chenglin , Liu Yi , Nie Liming , Khashab Niveen M. , Chen Xiaoyuan , Nie Zhihong
Published: November 2015

The stepwise self‐assembly of hollow plasmonic vesicles with vesicular membranes containing strings of gold nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The formation of chain vesicles can be controlled by tuning the density of the polymer ligands on the surface of the gold NPs. The strong absorption of the chain vesicles in the near‐infrared (NIR) region leads to a much higher efficiency in photoacoustic (PA) imaging than for non‐chain vesicles. The chain vesicles were further employed for the encapsulation of drugs and the NIR light triggered release of payloads. This work not only offers a new platform for controlling the hierarchical self‐assembly of NPs, but also demonstrates that the physical properties of the materials can be tailored by controlling the spatial arrangement of NPs within assemblies to achieve a better performance in biomedical applications.
Kinetic Resolution of Azomethine Imines by Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Reduction
Authors: Bongers Amanda , Moon Patrick J. , Beauchemin André M.
Published: November 2015

Azomethine imines are valuable substrates in asymmetric catalysis, and can be precursors to β‐amino carbonyl compounds and complex hydrazines. However, their utility is limited because complex and enantioenriched azomethine imines are often unavailable. Reported herein is a kinetic resolution of N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines by enantioselective reduction (s=13–43). This resolution was accomplished using a Brønsted acid catalyst, and represents the first example of the asymmetric reduction of azomethine imines. The pyrazolidinone product (up to 86 % ee) and the recovered azomethine imine (up to 99 % ee) can both be used to access the opposite enantiomers of valuable products.
TiO2/Cu2O Core/Ultrathin Shell Nanorods as Efficient and Stable Photocatalysts for Water Reduction
Authors: Liu Yuanxu , Zhang Bingsen , Luo Liangfeng , Chen Xuanye , Wang Zhonglei , Wu Erlong , Su Dangsheng , Huang Weixin
Published: November 2015

P‐type Cu2O has been long considered as an attractive photocatalyst for photocatalytic water reduction, but few successful examples has been reported. Here, we report the synthesis of TiO2 (core)/Cu2O (ultrathin film shell) nanorods by a redox reaction between Cu2+ and in‐situ generated Ti3+ when Cu2+‐exchanged H‐titanate nanotubes are calcined in air. Owing to the strong TiO2‐Cu2O interfacial interaction, TiO2 (core)/Cu2O (ultrathin film shell) nanorods are highly active and stable in photocatalytic water reduction. The TiO2 core and Cu2O ultrathin film shell respectively act as the photosensitizer and cocatalyst, and both the photoexcited electrons in the conduction band and the holes in the valence band of TiO2 respectively transfer to the conduction band and valence band of the Cu2O ultrathin film shell. Our results unambiguously show that Cu2O itself can act as the highly active and stable cocatalyst for photocatalytic water reduction.
Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method
Authors: Higashiyama Hiroki , Sumitomo Hiroyuki , Ozawa Aisa , Igarashi Hitomi , Tsunekawa Naoki , Kurohmaru Masamichi , Kanai Yoshiakira
Published: November 2015

The biliary tract is a well‐branched ductal structure that exhibits great variation in morphology among vertebrates. Its function is maintained by complex constructions of blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles, the so‐called hepatobiliary system. Although the mouse (Mus musculus) has been used as a model organism for humans, the morphology of its hepatobiliary system has not been well documented at the topographical level, mostly because of its small size and complexity. To reconcile this, we conducted whole‐mount anatomical descriptions of the murine extrahepatic biliary tracts with related blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles using a recently developed transparentizing method, CUBIC. Several major differences from humans were found in mice: (1) among the biliary arteries, the arteria gastrica sinistra accessoria was commonly found, which rarely appears in humans; (2) the sphincter muscle in the choledochoduodenal junction is unseparated from the duodenal muscle; (3) the pancreatic duct opens to the bile duct without any sphincter muscles because of its distance from the duodenum. This state is identical to a human congenital malformation, an anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts. However, other parts of the murine hepatobiliary system (such as the branching patterns of the biliary tract, blood vessels, and nerves) presented the same patterns as humans and other mammals topologically. Thus, the mouse is useful as an experimental model for studying the human hepatobiliary system. Anat Rec, 299:161–172, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent Influence on the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pt/SiO2 and Pt/H‐MFI 90 Catalysts
Authors: Hellinger Melanie , Carvalho Hudson Wallace Pereira de , Baier Sina , Gharnati Loubna , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk
Published: November 2015

Second generation biofuels are produced in the bioliq® process at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology via gasification of pyrolysis oil and synthesis of gasoline from the emerging synthesis gas. An alternative strategy is the direct upgrading of the pyrolysis oil by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The present study reports on the HDO of guaiacol as one of the phenolic compounds strongly abundant in such mixtures. Special focus was laid on the solvent influence using Pt‐based catalysts. Higher HDO ability was seen using nonpolar solvents and acidic supports. Characterization of the catalysts before and after the test showed that the solvent did not only influence the reactivity, but also the catalyst stability.
Effect of emotion on memory for words and their context
Authors: Riegel Monika , Wierzba Małgorzata , Grabowska Anna , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Marchewka Artur
Published: November 2015

Emotion influences various cognitive processes, such as memory. This beneficial or detrimental effect can be studied with verbal material, yet in this case a broad term of context has to be taken into account. The present work reviews recent literature and proposes that traditional differentiation between semantic and environmental context should be replaced with a novel conceptualization of hippocampus‐dependent relational memory and item memory (related to the activations of cuneus and left amygdala). Additionally, instead of list‐learning paradigms, words should be memorized in the context of sentences or stories for better control over their meaning. The recent evidence suggests that of particular importance for ecological validity in research paradigms is the presence of communicative and social context of verbal material related to such processes as theory of mind and brain activations in temporoparietal junction, posterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. We propose that studying memory of verbal material within context gives a better understanding of enhancing and impairing effects of emotion as well as of the underlying brain mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1636–1645, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐year follow‐up results from AUGMENT‐HF: a multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of left ventricular augmentation with Algisyl in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Mann Douglas L. , Lee Randall J. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Neagoe Gheorghe , Dragomir Dinu , Pusineri Enrico , Piredda Massimo , Bettari Luca , Kirwan Bridget‐Anne , Dowling Robert , Volterrani Maurizio , Solomon Scott D. , Sabbah Hani N. , Hinson Andy , Anker Stefan D.
Published: November 2015

Aims

AUGMENT‐HF was an international, multicentre, prospective, open‐label, randomized, controlled evaluation testing the hypothesis that Algisyl (injectable calcium alginate hydrogel) is superior to standard medical therapy (SMT) for improving functional capacity and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). We previously reported results following 6 months of follow‐up. This report presents the results from 1 year of extended follow up for this clinical trial.

Methods and results

We enrolled 78 patients with advanced HF, randomized (1:1), to Algisyl with SMT or SMT alone as previously reported. Patient inclusion criteria were LVEF ≤35%, peak VO2 of 9.0–14.5 mL/min/kg and LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) index 30–40 mm/m2 (LVEDD/body surface area). Patients must have been on stable, evidence‐based therapy for HF. A total of 58 patients, mean age 62.3 ± 9.6 years, with ischaemic (57.7%) or non‐ischaemic (42.3%) HF completed 12 months of follow‐up. Treatment with Algisyl was associated with improved peak VO2 at 12 months; treatment effect vs. control of +2.10 mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval 0.96–3.24, P < 0.001). Statistically significant improvements were observed for VO2 at anaerobic threshold, 6‐min walk test distance, and NYHA functional class (all P < 0.001). Through 12 months of follow‐up there were 4 (10.5%) deaths in the control group and 9 (22.5%) deaths in the Algisyl group.

Conclusions

Algisyl in addition to SMT was more effective than SMT alone for providing sustained 1‐year benefits in exercise capacity, symptoms, and clinical status for patients with advanced HF. These data support larger clinical evaluations of this novel therapy.
Transoral robotic surgery for early T classification hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Wang Chen‐Chi , Liu Shih‐An , Wu Shang‐Heng , Wang Ching‐Ping , Liang Kai‐Li , Jiang Rong‐San , Lin Jin‐Ching
Published: November 2015

Background

For hypopharyngeal cancer, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been reported as a new organ preserving treatment but outcomes are rarely reported.

Methods

From 2010 to 2013, 10 patients with early T classification pyriform sinus cancer were selected to receive TORS and conventional neck dissection. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy, survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

TORS was successful in all 10 patients, and 5 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. After mean follow‐up of 26 months, 1 patient died of distant metastasis and 1 patient died of other malignancy. There was no local recurrence and larynxes were all preserved. Eight surviving patients who were followed up continuously could receive oral intake and had a serviceable voice without tracheostomy or feeding tubes.

Conclusion

TORS is a feasible transoral approach for selected patients with early T classification hypopharyngeal cancer. The reported oncologic/functional outcomes are satisfactory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 857–862, 2016
Feasibility of surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy in the thyroid and lymph nodes
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Sohn Jin Ho , Yeo Chang Ki , Jeon Jae Han
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (CNB) performed by a surgeon for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes.

Methods

A single surgeon performed 30 office‐based ultrasound‐guided CNB procedures for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes that were previously biopsied by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The procedure time, targeting success, pathological diagnosis, and complications were evaluated.

Results

The mean procedure time for ultrasound‐guided CNB was 6.7 minutes, and it reached a plateau of 4 to 7 minutes after the first 5 procedures. The overall unsatisfactory sampling rate was 3.3% (1 of 30). Specific pathological diagnoses that permitted the surgeon to establish an appropriate treatment plan were provided in 93.3% of the patients (28 of 30). There were no major complications.

Conclusion

Ultrasound‐guided CNB is technically feasible for a head and neck surgeon and a useful adjunct technique when ultrasound‐guided FNAC is inadequate for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1413–E1418, 2016
Efficacy of pectoralis major muscle flap for pharyngocutaneous fistula prevention in salvage total laryngectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Guimarães André Vicente , Aires Felipe Toyama , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido , Kulcsar Marco Aurélio Vamondes , Ramos Daniel Marin , Cernea Claudio Roberto , Brandão Lenine Garcia
Published: November 2015

Background

The role of pectoralis major muscle flap (PMMF) in reducing the rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage total laryngectomy has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PMMF in reducing pharyngocutaneous fistula rates after total laryngectomy.

Methods

The analyzed intervention was the use of a PMMF after total laryngectomy.

Results

Pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in 230 cases (global incidence, 30.9%). In the group of patients who underwent PMMFs, there were 49 cases of pharyngocutaneous fistula, compared with 181 cases in the control group. There was a 22% decreased risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula incidence in the PMMF group (p < .001). Patients who underwent a PMMF had lower risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula compared with the control group (p = .008). There were no changes when only patients who underwent total laryngectomy (p < .001) and those who underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy (p = .007) were separately assessed.

Conclusion

Prophylactic use of PMMF decreases the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage total laryngectomy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2317–E2321, 2016
Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Shaw Stephanie M. , Skoretz Stacey A. , O'Sullivan Brian , Hope Andrew , Liu Louis W. C. , Martino Rosemary
Published: November 2015

Background

Fibrosis is a common side effect of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Although treatments for fibrosis have been developed, valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to verify their efficacy. The purpose of this review was to identify and appraise tools used to measure head and neck fibrosis.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for primary research published through April 2014. Main search terms included head and neck cancer, radiotherapy, fibrosis, validity, and reliability. Methodological quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2). Two blinded raters conducted all assessments. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.

Results

The search retrieved 534 unique citations. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, representing 9 different tools. Only 1 tool was assessed for reliability and validity. QUADAS‐2 revealed that all studies were at risk for bias.

Conclusion

To date, there are no valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis postradiotherapy for head and neck cancer, especially within the suprahyoid and pharyngeal regions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2322–E2334, 2016
Endoscope‐guided coblator tongue base resection using an endoscope‐holding system for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Cho Hyung‐Ju , Park Do‐Yang , Min Hyun Jin , Chung Hyo Jin , Lee Jeung‐Gweon , Kim Chang‐Hoon
Published: November 2015

Background

Multilevel obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea commonly includes retroglossal obstruction. To improve surgical success rates, tongue volume reduction with posterior midline glossectomy and/or lingual tonsillectomy is widely performed.

Methods

Nasotracheal intubation was utilized, and the combined tongue procedure was performed as a final step after palatal surgery. The tongue was pulled maximally by a retraction suture and a McIVOR (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) or Davis mouth gag (Karl Storz,Tuttlingen, Germany), and a medium‐length tongue blade was applied to expose the tongue base. A 70‐degree rigid endoscope was fixed by the holding system and introduced into the oral cavity. Endoscope‐guided coblator tongue base resection was then performed.

Results

The surgeon could use both hands for the surgery, enabling a more delicate resection of tongue base tissue.

Conclusion

This technique was acceptable and can be successfully used in patients with a large tongue, in whom exposing the tongue base for surgery is difficult. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 635–639, 2016
Long‐term functional results after open partial horizontal laryngectomy type IIa and type IIIa: A comparison study
Authors: Schindler Antonio , Pizzorni Nicole , Fantini Marco , Crosetti Erika , Bertolin Andy , Rizzotto Giuseppe , Succo Giovanni
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare long‐term swallowing, voice results, and quality of life (QOL) after open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL) type IIa and type IIIa.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients after OPHL type IIa and 18 patients after OPHL type IIIa were involved. Swallowing skills and neoglottis’ motility and vibrations were videoendoscopically assessed. Aerodynamic measures, spectrogram analysis, aspiration pneumonia, body weight variations, and voice perceptual assessment were performed. Generic voice‐related and swallowing‐related QOL were assessed. Data were statistically compared using Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher exact tests, as appropriate.

Results

Significant differences were found only for the residue with solids and for the intelligibility (I) parameter of the overall quality impression and intelligibility, additive and unnecessary noise, speech fluency, and presence of voiced segments scale with patients of the OPHL type IIIa group showing worse performances than the OPHL type IIa group.

Conclusion

Patients who underwent OPHL type IIa and type IIIa show comparable long‐term functional outcomes. OPHL type IIIa represents a valid surgical alternative to OPHL type IIa. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1427–E1435, 2016
Magnetic resonance elastography is superior to acoustic radiation force impulse for the Diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective study
Authors: Cui Jeffrey , Heba Elhamy , Hernandez Carolyn , Haufe William , Hooker Jonathan , Andre Michael P. , Valasek Mark A. , Aryafar Hamed , Sirlin Claude B. , Loomba Rohit
Published: November 2015

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), an advanced magnetic resonance–based imaging technique, and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), an ultrasound‐based imaging technique, are accurate for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis. However, no head‐to‐head comparisons between MRE and ARFI for diagnosing NAFLD fibrosis have been performed. We compared MRE versus ARFI head‐to‐head for diagnosing fibrosis in well‐characterized patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. This cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort involved 125 patients (54.4% female) who underwent MRE, ARFI, and contemporaneous liver biopsies scored using the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network histological scoring system. The performances of MRE versus ARFI for diagnosing fibrosis were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). The mean (± standard deviation) age and body mass index were 48.9 (±15.4) years and 31.8 (±7.0) kg/m2, respectively. For diagnosing any fibrosis (≥ stage 1), the MRE AUROC was 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.723‐0.875), significantly (P = 0.012) higher than the ARFI AUROC of 0.664 (95% CI 0.568‐0.760). In stratified analysis by presence or absence of obesity, MRE was superior to ARFI for diagnosing any fibrosis in obese patients (P < 0.001) but not in nonobese patients (P = 0.722). The MRE AUROCs for diagnosing ≥stages 2, 3, and 4 fibrosis were 0.885 (95% CI 0.816‐0.953), 0.934 (95% CI 0.863‐1.000), and 0.882 (95% CI 0.729‐1.000); and the ARFI AUROCs were 0.848 (95% CI 0.776‐0.921), 0.896 (95% CI 0.824‐0.968), and 0.862 (95% CI 0.721‐1.000). MRE had higher AUROCs than ARFI for discriminating dichotomized fibrosis stages at all dichotomization cutoff points, but the AUROC differences decreased as the cutoff points (fibrosis stages) increased. Conclusion: MRE is more accurate than ARFI for diagnosing any fibrosis in NAFLD patients, especially those who are obese. (Hepatology 2016;63:453–461)
Care delivery and outcomes among US veterans with hepatitis B: A national cohort study
Authors: Serper Marina , Choi Gina , Forde Kimberly A. , Kaplan David E.
Published: November 2015

Previous studies have identified gaps in hepatitis B care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the delivery of care among a national cohort of US veterans with chronic hepatitis B infection and examine risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse from 1999 to 2013 to evaluate (1) care delivery and (2) clinical outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation, and mortality among US veterans with hepatitis B. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and Cox regression models were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. We identified 21,419 veterans with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen, and 97% of patients had alanine aminotransferase and 44% had hepatitis B virus DNA testing; hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B e antibody were tested <50% of the time. Patients receiving specialty care had a higher prevalence of recommended laboratory testing. Patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase in specialty care were more likely to receive antiviral therapy (50% versus 24% for specialty care versus no specialty care, P < 0.001). Among patients with cirrhosis, 69% received one‐time liver imaging. The proportion of follow‐up time adherent to annual imaging was 0.39 (standard deviation = 0.42), and the proportion was 0.28 (standard deviation = 0.33) for biannual imaging; both proportions were higher in the specialty care group (all P < 0.05). Antiviral therapy (hazard ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76‐0.95, P = 0.005) and liver imaging (hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.76‐0.91, P < 0.001) were independently associated with decreased mortality in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: We observed a low prevalence of recommended laboratory testing, antiviral therapy initiation, and liver imaging among a national cohort of veterans with hepatitis B infection; antiviral therapy and liver imaging were independently associated with decreased mortality. (Hepatology 2016;63:1774‐1782)