bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Degree of Practicing Academic Freedom at the Jordanian Public and Private Universities in the Northern Region from the Point of View of the Faculty Members
Authors: Abu-Shaqra Rawan Kheder Youssef , Ali Smadi Ali Mohammed
Published: June 2018

The study aimed at identifying the degree of practicing academic freedom by faculty members in Jordanian publicand private universities in the Northern Region from the point of view of the faculty members. The researcherapplied the analytical descriptive survey method. The study population was composed of faculty members ofJordanian public and private universities in the Northern Region for the year 2017/2018. Their number was 1210faculty members: 893 males and 308 females. The study sample was 445 males and 155 females, 50% of the studypopulation. To achieve the objectives of the study, a study tool was developed. It is a questionnaire consisting of 50items distributed on 5 domains. The findings of the study showed that the degree of practicing academic freedom byfaculty members in Jordanian public and private universities in the Northern Region from the point of view of thefaculty members on all domains of the tool was medium. Furthermore, there were no statistically significantdifferences at the level of significance (0.05 α ≤) in the degree of practicing academic freedom by faculty membersin Jordanian universities due to the variable of the type of university, and the existence of differences in the degree ofpracticing academic freedom by faculty members in Jordanian public and private universities in the Northern Regioncan be attributed to the academic rank between those whose rank is professor and associate professor on the one hand,and the rank of assistant professor on the other, for the benefit of the rank of professor and associate professor, ie, infavor of the upper rank. The researcher recommended the need to increase the practice of academic freedom by thefaculty members at the Jordanian public and private universities in the Northern Region.
Measuring and Managing Credit Risk for Chinese Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Li Jie , Sheng Zhenyu
Published: June 2018

Chinese microfinance institutions need to measure and manage credit risk in a quantitative way in order to improve competitiveness. To establish a credit scoring model (CSM) with sound predictive power, they should examine various models carefully, identify variables, assign values to variables and reduce variable dimensions in an appropriate way. Microfinance institutions could employ both CSM and loan officer’s subjective appraisals to improve risk management level gradually. The paper sets up a CSM based on the data of a microfinance company running from October 2009 to June 2014 in Jiangsu province. As for establishing the model, the paper uses Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method, selects 16 initial variables, employs direct method to assign variables and adopts all the variables into the model. Ten samples are constructed by randomly selecting records. Based on the samples, the coefficients are determined and the final none-standardized discriminant function is established. It is found that Bank credit, Education, Old client and Rate variables have the greatest impact on the discriminant effect. Compared with the same international models, this model’s classification effect is fine. The paper displays the key technical points to build a credit scoring model based on a practical application, which provides help and references for Chinese microfinance institutions to measure and manage credit risk quantitatively.
Effects of Participation of Micro and Small Enterprises in Microfinance on Their Performance in Kenya
Authors: Obebo Forah M. , Wawire Nelson H.W. , Muniu Joseph M.
Published: June 2018

The development of the microfinance sub-sector in Kenya is seen as a favourable catalyst for increasing performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). Despite the development, MSEs continue to suffer from high levels of financial exclusion and shortage of operating funds. This scenarios raise policy questions on whether participation in microfinance has effects on performance of MSEs. While past studies on this relationship have demonstrated that the effects are mixed, an understanding of the effects on participation of microfinance on different segments on MSEs - especially the youth and women owned businesses and age of businesses, is necessary in designing relevant policy changes in the MSE subsector. To address this, the study used the 2016 FinAccess Dataset and estimated these effects using the propensity score matching technique. This model was considered suitable since it accounted for potential endogeneity biases associated with self-selection into participation, unobserved entrepreneurial abilities and risk taking behaviour of MSEs. Apart from showing that participation in microfinance has positive effects on performance of MSEs, the study has demonstrated that there is presence of constraints limiting the impact of microfinance especially in firms owned by the youth and women. As such, there is need for policy and product designs to address these hindrances even as participation in microfinance is encouraged. Based on the results, it is recommended that government and microfinance providers should design policies and products that increase firm participation in microfinance. This may be through scaling up financial literacy programmes and encouraging acquisition of permits. Finally, policy should address obstacles that hinder the youth and women owned MSEs from benefiting from microfinance.
Book Review: Innovation in Developing and Transition Countries - New Horizons in Regional Science Series
Authors: Buheji Mohamad , Ahmed Dunya
Published: June 2018

The gap between developed countries and developing countries are increasing, rather than decreasing as it was hoped and expected in the beginning of the century. This gap is clearly reflected in the Global Innovation Index 2017. Countries in transition or in emerging economies are taking long time to figure out how to deal with innovation as currency and source of differentiation. (Buheji, 2018a).In this review, the innovation of developing countries and those in transitions is reviewed closely through the work of Tsvetkova et. al (2017). A close recommendation is set in the conclusion of this paper about future coming work that would help developed the efforts of the concerned academics, practitioners, innovation advocates and decision makers.
Video modeling para enseñar habilidades sociales a niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Rosal Negre Thais , Ivern Pascual Ignasi , Giné Giné Climent
Published: June 2018

La eficacia del video modeling como herramienta educativa para personas con autismo ha demostrado ser un área prometedora para investigadores y miembros de la comunidad educativa. Durante las tres últimas décadas, la literatura científica ha mostrado la utilidad y eficiencia del video modeling para enseñar una variedad de conductas distintas. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de aquellos estudios que han aplicado el video modeling como método para enseñar habilidades sociales; dichos estudios se han clasificado en función del tipo de diseño que utilizan, las características de la muestra, el tipo de intervención (si aplican video modeling solo o en combinación con otras técnicas) y los resultados obtenidos. Se han realizado resúmenes descriptivos de cada estudio y análisis de los resultados. En las conclusiones se indican pautas para la aplicación del video modeling en futuras intervenciones
Un debate entre lo personal y lo público: la interdicción como pretexto
Authors: Cruz Puerto Melissa Stefania , Rincón León Edna Rocío
Published: June 2018

La apuesta de este texto es poner en entredicho la figura de interdicción como un elemento netamente legal y constituirla como un procedimiento reproductor de representaciones sociales y prácticas que intervienen directamente en el ejercicio de la autonomía de las personas con discapacidad, tanto en la esfera pública como en la privada, visibilizando los supuestos ontológicos que subyacen a esta práctica y los efectos que son percibidos por las personas con discapacidad a partir de sus narrativas. Se expone la conceptualización de la capacidad jurídica a la luz de los modelos de discapacidad, los abordajes desde la legislación colombiana, las voces mostradas en la literatura científica de personas con discapacidad intelectual respecto a sus procesos de toma de decisiones en salud sexual y reproductiva y la interdependencia como una posible alternativa a un modelo en el que las personas con discapacidad intelectual sean reconocidas como sujetos de derechos.
Significados de las prácticas de cuidado realizadas por cuidadores formales de personas con trastorno de conducta en Cundinamarca (Colombia)
Authors: Lorena Hormaza Lady , Amezquita Torres Franci Camila
Published: June 2018

El artículo presenta una investigación de enfoque interpretativo mediante estudio de caso, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante que buscó comprender las significaciones de las prácticas de cuidado de cuidadores formales de niños, adolescentes y adultos con trastorno de la conducta o trastorno mental psicosocial en un programa de protección en Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se interpretaron prácticas relacionadas con hábitos, salud, formación y educación. Los cuidadores realizan su labor con compromiso, amor, vocación y preocupación por el otro, no obstante, el tiempo de trabajo, actividades de atención y características de la población generan problemas de salud física, estrés, agotamiento, síndrome de burnout y menos interacciones familiares y sociales. Se concluye que para la atención de personas con problemas en su desarrollo o salud se requiere implementar espacios para el cuidado del cuidador, racionalización de actividades y mejor soporte institucional que garantice condiciones para el bienestar1 del cuidador y la persona cuidada.
Las actitudes como factor clave en la inclusión universitaria
Authors: Garabal-Barbeira Jessica , Pousada García Thais , Espinosa Breen Pablo Clemente , Saleta Canosa Jesús Luis
Published: June 2018

Las actitudes pueden facilitar o dificultar el proceso inclusivo en la educación superior. Los objetivos del presente estudio son determinar las actitudes del alumnado y docentes hacia la discapacidad y conocer las variables que influyen en dichas actitudes. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de prevalencia realizado en la Universidade da Coruña (UDC) con docentes (n= 121) y alumnos/as (n= 345) utilizando un cuestionario validado, autoadministrado y anonimizado (CUNIDIS). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y un ANOVA para determinar las variables asociadas a las diferentes actitudes. Los resultados obtenidos manifiestan que los participantes creen preciso adaptar los materiales utilizados en las aulas, pero no los criterios de evaluación y cualificación. Sin embargo, indican que estas adaptaciones no se llevan a cabo realmente. La mayoría de los docentes indicaron que no están suficientemente formados para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los estudiantes con discapacidad. Se considera, por lo tanto, que los estudiantes y docentes de la UDC presentan, de manera general, unas actitudes favorables hacia la inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad.
Actitudes y estereotipos en estudiantes del área de la salud hacia personas con discapacidad motriz
Authors: Bárcena Gaona Susana X. , Cruz Torres Christian E. , Jenkins Charles Benjamin C.
Published: June 2018

El objetivo central de esta investigación fue analizar las actitudes y los estereotipos hacia personas con discapacidad motriz en una muestra de estudiantes del área de la salud. Para ello se aplicaron la Escala Multidimensional de Actitudes Hacia Personas con Discapacidad y un instrumento para medir estereotipos (calidez y competencia) hacia personas con discapacidad. Se trabajó con 232 estudiantes (edad promedio: 23 años, DT=5), a quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos en línea. Los resultados del análisis factorial muestran una estructura teóricamente congruente y propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para ambos instrumentos. Los participantes reportaron actitudes positivas hacia las personas con discapacidad y percepciones similares de competencia hacia individuos con y sin discapacidad. Sin embargo, reportaron niveles significativamente más altos de calidez para las personas con discapacidad. Estos resultados sugieren una baja disposición a reportar estereotipos de incompetencia o desagrado hacia personas con discapacidad, pero una percepción compensatoria de mayor calidez.
Prevalencia del riesgo de alteraciones en el desarrollo neuroconductual en una población de lactantes de México en 2012
Authors: Cristancho González Livet Rocío , Núñez Lara Enrique , Kent Sulú Martha Patricia
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del riesgo para alteraciones del desarrollo de lactantes de una región del sureste de México, utilizando el instrumento de valoración neuroconductual del desarrollo del lactante VANEDELA. Los niños identificados fueron aptos para recibir estimulación temprana o rehabilitación. Se estudiaron 118 lactantes con edades de 1 a 24 meses, con un promedio de 6,4 meses, con riesgo leve para alteración en un 34 %, riesgo alto en un 7 % de los lactantes y el 59 % desarrollo normal. En la valoración de conductas del desarrollo, la mayor prevalencia de afectación se presentó en áreas de los sistemas motor fino (27,3 %) y cognoscitivo, lenguaje en un 25 % en todas las etapas. El 12 % de lactantes de 4 meses presentó reacciones del desarrollo ausentes y un 6 % de la muestra tuvo signos de alarma, razón por la que fueron remitidos para valoración en el laboratorio de rehabilitación. La prueba VANEDELA fue suficientemente precisa para determinar el riesgo de alteraciones del desarrollo neuroconductual, siendo un test tamizaje utilizado en población aparentemente sana y para sugerir programas integrales de atención temprana o fortalecer los existentes.
Turismo accesible y evaluación de usuarios con diversidad funcional visual. Los proyectos OPERA y PRA2
Authors: Álvarez de Morales Mercado Cristina
Published: June 2018

Álvarez de Morales, C. (2018): “Turismo accesible y evaluación de usuarios con diversidad funcional visual. Los proyectos OPERA y PRA2”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 6 (I): 305-316.
The reliability of preoperative determination of tumour grade in endometrial cancer
Authors: Arko Darja , Kozar Nejc , Rmuš Milena , Takač Iztok
Published: June 2018

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common among gynaecological cancers. The most frequent symptom of this disease is postmenopausal bleeding. The diagnosis of endometrial cancer has to be histologically confirmed and there are several methods for endometrial sampling with which we obtain the cells or the endometrial tissue. The reliability of these methods differs. With histologically confirmed diagnosis we determine histological subtype and tumour grade. Those are the two key features that have the most important impact on the probability of disease spread and recurrence, but the most important fact is that they help us to determine the optimal extent of surgical treatment. The reliability of the preoperative determination of tumour grade weakly correlates with the final histological diagnosis, especially with preoperatively diagnosed G1-G2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, while with G3 carcinomas, which are high-risk histologies, the concordance of the preoperative and postoperative interpretation of the histological findings is much higher.
Hipokalcemija pri novorojenčku: analiza kliničnih značilnosti in dejavnikov tveganja
Authors: Lenarčič Živa , Soltirovska Šalamon Aneta
Published: June 2018

Background: Neonatal hypocalcaemia (hypoCa) is frequently observed clinical and laboratory finding in neonates. A healthy newborn reaches the lowest serum calcium level at 24–48 hours of age. It can deteriorate to hypoCa levels in newborns with specific risk factors.Methods: In the analysis, 50 newborns with hipoCa were included. Details of clinical signs and laboratory investigations were obtained from the available medical records and were statistically analysed.Results: Early hipoCa was identified in 41 (82 %) and late in 9 (18 %) cases; 36 (72 %) were asymptomatic and 14 (28 %) symptomatic with the average serum calcium 1.8 (lowest 1.27) and ionized 0.92 mmol /l (lowest 0.63 mmol/l); 18 (36 %) infants had sepsis, 14 (28 %) were premature, 13 (26 %) mothers had gestational diabetes, three were after perinatal asphyxia, three after exchange transfusion, two after bleeding in twins and two had DiGeorge syndrome. Serum levels of 25-OH-vitamin D analysed in 13 newborns was lower than 52 nmol/l; 70 % of convulsions associated with HipoCa were due to vitamin D insuficiency.Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis, maternal gestational diabetes, prematurity and vitamin D deficiency are the predominant risk factors. A low neonatal vitamin D reservoir can be associated with the development of PTH insufficiency, resulting in hipoCa, which can be presented with neonatal convulsions. The results suggest the need to establish guidelines for the prophylactic treatment of pregnant women with vitamin D.
Leveling the Ice: The Discrepancy Between Male and Female Athletics at Boston College
Authors: Kennedy Isabelle , McCabe Molly , Rodgers Katelyn
Published: June 2018

This paper explores multiple published articles regarding the societal assumption that women’s sports are less competitive and less engaging than men’s sports. Some articles, such as Women’s Sports Foundation (2010) and Carpenter & Acosta (2005),cite lack of funds and media visibility as to why women’s sports are not as highly regarded as men’s sports. Other articles, such as Messner (2000) and NWLC (2012), explain that the disproportion in coverage of men’s and women’s sports is based onsociety’s expectations of women and the assumption feminine“weaknesses” This paper examines the men’s and women’s ice hockey teams at Boston College and details the issues surrounding team schedules, fan attendance, university support, and media presence in an attempt to determine whether BC Women’s Ice Hockey receives different levels of support and investment from BC compared to the BC Men’s Hockey team, and whether this differential investment leads to a unique spectator experience that may explain the lack of spectator attendance at BC women’s hockey games.
Student Mobility and Employability: The Ethiopian Experience
Authors: Tamrat Wondwosen , Teferra Damtew
Published: June 2018

This article reports the findings of a larger study conducted on international students from Ethiopia to gauge their views on the impact of their training on employability. For those who can afford or have the chance, international studies are perceived as mechanisms of improving one’s employability due to the various advantages they can offer. This has become one of the major pull factors in student mobility.
The Vanishing Public Monopoly
Authors: Levy Daniel C.
Published: June 2018

A significant aspect of the massive growth of private higher education is the near disappearance of public monopoly. Almost all countries now have both public and private sectors of higher education. The decline of public monopoly has been notable for decades, the demise of Communism providing the most impactfulmoment. The remaining monopoly presence is mostly in small systems, often with rather left-leaning political regimes. In several of these countries, activity to end public monopoly is already underway.
Reconsidering Private Higher Education in Brazil
Authors: De Araújo Filho Targino
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the role of the for-profit private sector in the Brazilian Higher Education System. Emphasizing its hegemony, we consider that the adoption of mercantilist logic has implications for the quality of supply and is leading the sector to be characterized as an oligopoly. Although the National Education Plan predicts an increase in public sector enrollment as massification continues, current economic and political conditions may prevent this expansion, leaving the country in a very delicate situation.
Sexual Harassment at African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Dranzoa Christine
Published: June 2018

In most African states, joining higher education institutions (HEIs) is, for students, an investment in their own economic progress. Yet, HEIs are sites where sexual harassment and gender-based violence (GBV) occur, increasing the vulnerability of newly enrolled female students and of women in general. A strong gender policy environment, a clear stand by senior management at HEIs, and the empowerment ofmen with respect to gender equity issues are remedies to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), goal 4 (Quality Education), goal 5 (Gender Equality), and goal 10 (Reduced Inequality).
The #MeToo Movement as a Global Learning Moment
Authors: Regulska Joanna
Published: June 2018

This article places the #MeToo movement within the context of global learning. Given the global nature of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence against women, it asks what responsibilities we have as international educators. It raises numerous questions that can be utilized as teaching tools—and it proposes that institutions rethink internationalization strategies and seize this moment of opportunity to create aninclusive and diverse environment conducive to advancing intercultural and intracultural understanding.
Sexual Violence in Ethiopian Higher Education
Authors: Woldegiyoirgis Ayenachew
Published: June 2018

Several studies have shown the shocking extent of sexual violence in the Ethiopian higher education. Situated in the deep-rooted culture of gender bias, the problem is both at institutional and systemic levels. This article proposes a peer-based alternative that empowers students as bystanders in fighting sexual violence on campus.
Higher Education Journals: An Emerging Field
Authors: Tight Malcolm
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on peer-reviewed academic journals published in English that focus exclusively on higher education. It seeks to address a number of questions: How many are they? What do they focus on? Who owns them? Where are they based? How old are they? How much do they publish? Which are the best? What does the future hold?
Medical Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors With Regard to Skin Cancer and Sun-Protective Behaviors
Authors: Ivanov Nedyalko N. , Swan Aili , Guseman Emily Hill , Whipps Jonathon , Jensen Laura L. , Beverly Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the United States. Training medical students about the importance of sun-protective behaviors is critical to reducing skin cancer rates. However, minimal research has explored osteopathic medical students’ knowledge and behaviors with regard to the sun's effect on skin health.

Objective

To assess first-year osteopathic medical students’ knowledge about skin cancer and UV radiation, attitudes toward tanning, and sun-protective behaviors to establish baseline values.

Methods

Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design, the authors evaluated students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors through a quiz.

Results

A total of 121 first-year osteopathic medical students completed the quiz. The mean (SD) score was 74.6% (11.5%). Two-thirds of participants (n=82) correctly identified basal cell carcinoma as the most common skin cancer, and the majority identified the ABCDs (asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter) of melanoma detection (96 [79.3%], 106 [87.6%], 108 [89.3%], and 94 [77.7%], respectively). Most participants were aware that cloud cover and swimming underwater do not provide UV ray protection (121 [100%] and 109 [90.1%], respectively), a fact that is often misconceived. Forty participants (33.1%) usually or always used some form of sun protection when outdoors. Forty-seven participants (38.8%) believed that a tan makes one look healthy, and 43 participants (35.6%) sunbathed with the intention of tanning.

Conclusion

Physicians are uniquely positioned to counsel patients regarding sun-protective behaviors. Thus, a medical school curriculum that includes education about the sun's effect on health is needed for the prevention and early recognition of skin cancer in future patients.
Diversity and abundance of conspicuous macrocrustaceans on coral reefs differing in level of degradation
Authors: González-Gómez Roberto , Briones-Fourzán Patricia , Álvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Lozano-Álvarez Enrique
Published: June 2018

Coral reefs sustain abundant and diverse macrocrustaceans that perform multiple ecological roles, but coral reefs are undergoing massive degradation that may be driving changes in the species composition and abundance of reef-associated macrocrustaceans. To provide insight into this issue, we used non-destructive visual census techniques to compare the diversity and abundance of conspicuous macrocrustaceans (i.e., those >1 cm and visible without disturbance) between two shallow Caribbean coral reefs similar in size (∼1.5 km in length) and close to each other, but one (“Limones”) characterized by extensive stands of the branching coral Acropora palmata, and the other (“Bonanza”) dominated by macroalgae and relic coral skeletons and rubble (i.e., degraded). We also assessed the structural complexity of each reef and the percent cover of various benthic community components. Given the type of growth of A. palmata, we expected to find a greater structural complexity, a higher cover of live coral, and a lower cover of macroalgae on Limones, and hence a more diverse and abundant macrocrustacean community on this reef compared with Bonanza. Overall, we identified 63 macrocrustacean species (61 Decapoda and two Stomatopoda). Contrary to our expectations, structural complexity did not differ significantly between the back-reef zones of these reefs but varied more broadly on Limones, and the diversity and abundance of macrocrustaceans were higher on Bonanza than on Limones despite live coral cover being higher on Limones and macroalgal cover higher on Bonanza. However, the use of various types of microhabitats by macrocrustaceans differed substantially between reefs. On both reefs, the dominant species were the clinging crab Mithraculus coryphe and the hermit crab Calcinus tibicen, but the former was more abundant on Bonanza and the latter on Limones. M. coryphe occupied a diverse array of microhabitats but mostly coral rubble and relic skeletons, whereas C. tibicen was often, but not always, found associated with colonies of Millepora spp. A small commensal crab of A. palmata, Domecia acanthophora, was far more abundant on Limones, emerging as the main discriminant species between reefs. Our results suggest that local diversity and abundance of reef-associated macrocrustaceans are partially modulated by habitat degradation, the diversity of microhabitat types, and the establishment of different commensal associations rather than by structural complexity alone.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibits interferon β expression through interacting with ATF‐2
Authors: Li Zhubing , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2018

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates lipid metabolism. A mutual interplay of lipid homeostasis and innate immune system has been increasingly recognized. We, therefore, studied the effect of PCSK9 on interferon (IFN) β expression. We show that PCSK9 decreases IFNβ promoter/enhancer activity, mRNA and protein levels, and its downstream 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate synthetase‐1 mRNA level. ProPCSK9, but not the cleaved PCSK9, down‐regulates IFNβ promoter/enhancer activity. Moreover, PCSK9 decreases IFNβ promoter/enhancer activity through the positive regulatory domain IV region where the activating transcription factor‐2 (ATF‐2)/c‐Jun heterodimer binds. Mechanistically, we demonstrate an interaction between PCSK9 and ATF‐2, which reduces ATF‐2/c‐Jun dimerization and ATF‐2/c‐Jun binding to the IFNβ enhancer. This novel function of PCSK9 should have important implications in optimizing the clinical use of PCSK9 inhibitors.
Risk of Incident Osteoarthritis of the Hand in Statin Initiators: A Sequential Cohort Study
Authors: Burkard Theresa , Hügle Thomas , Layton J. Bradley , Glynn Robert J. , Bloechliger Marlene , Frey Noel , Jick Susan S. , Meier Christoph R. , Spoendlin Julia
Published: June 2018

Objective

To investigate the association between statin therapy initiation and incident hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We performed a propensity score–matched cohort study using data from the UK‐based Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Statin initiators had ≥1 statin prescription between 1996 and 2015 and were matched 1:1 on their propensity score to noninitiators within 10 sequential 2‐year cohort entry blocks. After a 180‐day run‐in period, patients were followed in an as‐treated approach until a recorded diagnosis of hand OA or until censoring (change in exposure status, development of an exclusion criterion, or maximum follow‐up of 5.5 years). We applied Cox proportional hazard regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) overall and in subgroups of sex, age, statin dose, statin agent, preexisting dyslipidemia, and treatment duration. To compare results, we ran all analyses with negative and positive control outcomes and assessed generalized OA as a secondary outcome. We further performed the overall analysis with an active comparator (topical glaucoma therapy initiators).

Results

Among 233,608 statin initiators and the same number of noninitiators, we observed an overall HR for hand OA of 0.98 (95% CI 0.88–1.09). The observed null result remained unchanged in all subgroups. Results were highly similar for generalized OA and negative control outcomes. In addition, the active comparator analysis showed a null result with an HR for hand OA of 0.85 (95% CI 0.56–1.29). Previously known associations with positive control outcomes were observed.

Conclusion

There was no association between statin initiation and incident hand OA in this study.
Responsiveness of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Starting or Switching a Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug
Authors: Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Bingham Clifton O. , Marder Wendy , Phillips Kristine , Bolster Marcy B. , Moreland Larry W. , Zhang Zhi , Neogi Tuhina , Lee Yvonne C.
Published: June 2018

Objective

The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a calibrated item bank used to assess patient‐reported outcomes across multiple domains. The purpose of this study was to describe the performance of selected PROMIS measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with active disease who were initiating a disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).

Methods

Participants in an ongoing prospective observational study completed 8 PROMIS measures before and after DMARD initiation. Linear regression models were performed to identify cross‐sectional associations between baseline PROMIS measures and disease activity, measured using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Paired t‐tests were performed to evaluate responsiveness after 12 weeks of DMARD treatment. Associations between changes in PROMIS measures and changes in the CDAI score were assessed using linear regression.

Results

Among the 156 participants who completed the first study visit, the mean ± SD baseline CDAI score was 25.5 ± 14.0. Baseline scores for PROMIS measures of physical health, pain, and sleep were associated with the baseline CDAI score (P ≤ 0.05). Among the 106 participants with 12‐week data, all PROMIS scores improved after DMARD initiation (P ≤ 0.05). With the exception of depression, changes in all assessed PROMIS measures were correlated with changes in the CDAI score (standardized βs from |0.23| to |0.38|).

Conclusion

These data provide support for the utility of PROMIS measures for the assessment of physical and mental health in individuals with active RA. All PROMIS measures improved significantly after DMARD initiation, with the magnitudes of association between changes in PROMIS measures and changes in the CDAI score in the low‐to‐moderate range.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes Are More Important Than Objective Inflammatory Markers for Sick Leave in Biologics‐Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Olofsson Tor , Söderling Jonas K. , Gülfe Anders , Kristensen Lars‐Erik , Wallman Johan K.
Published: June 2018

Objective

To study the impact of common noncomposite disease activity measures on sick leave in biologics‐treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Data from study visits by biologics‐treated RA patients of working age (<65 years) in the observational South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group Register between 2005 and 2011, were included (5,118 visits by 941 patients). We performed association analyses between various noncomposite disease activity measures at each visit and the number of days of sick leave during the subsequent month; this information was retrieved from the Social Insurance Agency. Adjusted separate generalized estimating equation regression models were used, and analyses were stratified according to sick leave status for the month preceding each visit (no, partial, or full sick leave). Results are presented as standardized beta coefficients for comparability.

Results

Among modifiable noncomposite disease activity measures, patient's assessment of pain and disease activity scored on a visual analog scale (VAS) were most strongly associated with subsequent sick leave, irrespective of baseline sick leave status. Generally, measures that were more objective (swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein) had less impact on sick leave compared with variables that were more subjective (patient's pain and global scores on a VAS, evaluator's global assessment of disease activity on a 5‐grade Likert scale, and tender joint count).

Conclusion

Measures of disease activity that are more subjective have a greater impact on sick leave in biologics‐treated patients with RA compared with variables that are more objective, suggesting a stronger focus on subjective measures when targeting work loss or intervening to reduce it.
Invasiveness of Cells Leads to Changes in Their Interaction Behavior with the Glycocalyx
Authors: Broda Ellen , Torrano Adriano A. , Löbbert Laura , Möckl Leonhard , Bräuchle Christoph , Engelke Hanna
Published: June 2018

Transendothelial migration is a crucial step during metastasis. Before circulating tumor cells enter the endothelium, they face the glycocalyx. While invasive migration of cancer cells is well studied, few investigations exist regarding their interaction with the glycocalyx. Here, the interaction of three breast cell lines with an endothelial glycocalyx is studied. Benign MCF‐10A, noninvasive malign MCF‐7, and invasive MDA‐MB‐231 cells penetrate the glycocalyx, just adhere to it or approach without even attaching to it. Remarkable fluctuations in these interaction modes are detected by time‐resolved interaction profiles. Adhesion, migration, and invasion characteristics as well as combinations of interaction modes, cell shapes, and cell extensions are studied. The motility and penetration depth into the glycocalyx are analyzed. The invasive cells are the most flexible, penetrating the glycocalyx mostly with a round shape and feet‐like membrane extensions. Noninvasive cancer cells penetrate the glycocalyx the deepest over time and benign cells integrate more likely into the endothelial cell layer underneath the glycocalyx.
Dual Intratumoral Redox/Enzyme‐Responsive NO‐Releasing Nanomedicine for the Specific, High‐Efficacy, and Low‐Toxic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jia Xiaobo , Zhang Yihua , Zou Yu , Wang Yao , Niu Dechao , He Qianjun , Huang Zhangjian , Zhu Weihong , Tian He , Shi Jianlin , Li Yongsheng
Published: June 2018

Chemotherapy suffers numbers of limitations including poor drug solubility, nonspecific biodistribution, and inevitable adverse effects on normal tissues. Tumor‐targeted delivery and intratumoral stimuli‐responsive release of drugs by nanomedicines are considered to be highly promising in solving these problems. Compared with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, high concentration of nitric oxide (NO) exhibits unique anticancer effects. The development of tumor‐targeting and intratumoral microenvironment‐responsive NO‐releasing nanomedicines is highly desired. Here a novel kind of organic–inorganic composite nanomedicine (QM‐NPQ@PDHNs) is presented by encapsulating a glutathione S‐transferases π (GSTπ)‐responsive drug O2‐(2,4‐dinitro‐5‐{[2‐(β‐d‐galactopyranosyl olean‐12‐en‐28‐oate‐3‐yl)‐oxy‐2‐oxoethyl] piperazine‐1‐yl} phenyl) 1‐(methylethanolamino)diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐dilate (NPQ) as NO donor and an aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) red fluorogen QM‐2 into the cores of the hybrid nanomicelles (PEGylated disulfide‐doped hybrid nanocarriers (PDHNs)) with glutathione (GSH)‐responsive shells. The QM‐NPQ@PDHN nanomedicine is able to respond to the intratumoral over‐expressed GSH and GSTπ, resulting in the responsive biodegradation of the protective organosilica shell and NPQ release, and subsequent NO release within the tumor, respectively, and thus normal organs remain unaffected. This work demonstrates a paradigm of dual intratumoral redox/enzyme‐responsive NO‐release nanomedicine for tumor‐specific and high‐efficacy cancer therapy.
Room‐Temperature Triple‐Ligand Surface Engineering Synergistically Boosts Ink Stability, Recombination Dynamics, and Charge Injection toward EQE‐11.6% Perovskite QLEDs
Authors: Song Jizhong , Li Jinhang , Xu Leimeng , Li Jianhai , Zhang Fengjuan , Han Boning , Shan Qingsong , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2018

Developing low‐cost and high‐quality quantum dots (QDs) or nanocrystals (NCs) and their corresponding efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is crucial for the next‐generation ultra‐high‐definition flexible displays. Here, there is a report on a room‐temperature triple‐ligand surface engineering strategy to play the synergistic role of short ligands of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and octanoic acid (OTAc) toward “ideal” perovskite QDs with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of >90%, unity radiative decay in its intrinsic channel, stable ink characteristics, and effective charge injection and transportation in QD films, resulting in the highly efficient QD‐based LEDs (QLEDs). Furthermore, the QD films with less nonradiative recombination centers exhibit improved PL properties with a PLQY of 61% through dopant engineering in A‐site. The robustness of such properties is demonstrated by the fabrication of green electroluminescent LEDs based on CsPbBr3 QDs with the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.6%, and the corresponding peak internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and power efficiency are 52.2% and 44.65 lm W−1, respectively, which are the most‐efficient perovskite QLEDs with colloidal CsPbBr3 QDs as emitters up to now. These results demonstrate that the as‐obtained QD inks have a wide range application in future high‐definition QD displays and high‐quality lightings.
Quantitative Prediction of Yield in Transglycosylation Reaction Catalyzed by Nucleoside Phosphorylases
Authors: Alexeev Cyril S. , Kulikova Irina V. , Gavryushov Sergei , Tararov Vitali I. , Mikhailov Sergey N.
Published: June 2018

Phosphorolytic transglycosylation catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases is an important biotechnological process. The reaction is reversible, and the yield of the target nucleoside depends on its concentration at the equilibrium state. We have shown that initial concentrations of the starting compounds and the phosphorolysis equilibrium constants of starting and final glycosides determine concentrations of all the components at the equilibrium state. Based on that, we developed a novel quantitative approach for the prediction of yields in transglycosylation reactions. This method simplifies the choice of reagent concentrations and their ratios for the maximization of the target nucleoside yield. It is advantageous over widely applied blind and cumbersome trial‐and‐error approach and can reduce the required chemical and energy resources. The described algorithm could also be applied for other equilibrium transfer reactions.

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Regioselective [3+3] Cyclization of 2‐Indolymethanols with Vinylcyclopropanes via Metal Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Zi‐Qi , Yu Lei , Sun Meng , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng
Published: June 2018

The first [3+3] cyclization of 2‐indolylmethanols with vinylcyclopropanes has been established under iridium catalysis. The reaction regioselectively constructs tetrahydrocarbazole frameworks bearing two vicinal all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters in high yields (up to 99%, up to 20:1 rr). This reaction not only is the first example of a metal‐catalyzed [3+3] cyclization of 2‐indolylmethanols but also is the first one‐step [3+3] cyclization of vinylcyclopropanes. More importantly, this reaction shows reversed regioselectivity compared to other 2‐indolylmethanol‐involved transformations, which will advance the chemistry of 2‐indolylmethanols.

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Drug‐Bearing Supramolecular MMP Inhibitor Nanofibers for Inhibition of Metastasis and Growth of Liver Cancer
Authors: Ji Yujie , Xiao Yanyu , Xu Liu , He Jiayu , Qian Chen , Li Weidong , Wu Li , Chen Rui , Wang Jingjing , Hu Rongfeng , Zhang Xudong , Gu Zhen , Chen Zhipeng
Published: June 2018

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requires sustained suppression of tumor cell growth and metastasis for long‐term efficacy. However, traditional intratumoral drug delivery system always exhibits burst release with less therapeutic outcomes. Here, a new self‐assembling amphiphilic peptide drug conjugate (SAAPDC) is fabricated as a “two‐in‐one” nanofiber system comprising a hexapeptide as a matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor and doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of HCC. The results indicate that doxorubicin‐conjugated peptide (DOX‐KGFRWR) self‐assembles to form long nanofibers showing sustained release property for inhibiting the enzymatic activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. This nanofiber not only inhibits tumor growth in situ but also effectively prevents pulmonary metastasis in an SMMC7721 cell line–based mouse model. In summary, this hexapeptide‐based supermolecule system represents a promising nanoscale platform to sustain drug release with high loading capacity for intratumoral administration. Moreover, the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs via drug‐bearing supramolecular MMP inhibitor nanofibers simultaneously inhibits metastasis and tumor growth to achieve synergistic effects for metastatic HCC therapy.
Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the elderly (2017)
Authors: Liu Meilin ,   Committee of cardio‐cerebro‐vascular Disease of China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician of Chinese Medical Doctor Association
Published: June 2018

China has stepped into an aging society. The social service development statistical bulletin 2015 published in July 2016 by Ministry of Civil Affairs showed that till the end of 2015, the amount of people ≥60 years of age had already approached to 222 million, which comprised 16.1% of the Chinese population, while the amount of people ≥65 years of age comprised 10.5% of the Chinese population was 143 million.1 Hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardio‐cerebral‐vascular diseases and is a primary and contributory cause for death and disability in the elderly. A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that the risk of target organ damage of hypertension such as ischemic heart disease, cardiac insufficiency, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and aortic and peripheral artery diseases significantly increases with aging. Blood pressure control plays a significant role in reducing cardio‐cerebral‐vascular events and all‐cause mortality.2 Compared to younger patients with similar blood pressure elevation, the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events significantly increase in the elderly. Because of specialties in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation in older patients with hypertension, physicians should pay more attention to the population characteristics and individual treatments.
Identification of the pyranonigrin A biosynthetic gene cluster by genome mining in Penicillium thymicola IBT 5891
Authors: Tang Man‐Cheng , Zou Yi , Yee Danielle , Tang Yi
Published: June 2018

Significance

A polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid gene cluster from the genome of Penicillium thymicola was identified through genome mining. Heterologous expression of this cluster leads to the production of pyranonigrin A. A series of experiments established that only four genes are sufficient to biosynthesize pyranonigrin A. Based on the results from the current study, a biosynthetic pathway of pyranonigrin A is proposed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4182–4186, 2018
Role of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of asthma: An updated systematic review
Authors: Lin Sandra Y. , Azar Antoine , Suarez‐Cuervo Catalina , Diette Gregory B. , Brigham Emily , Rice Jessica , Ramanathan Murugappan , Robinson Karen A.
Published: June 2018

Background

The purpose of the systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for the treatment of allergic asthma.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched, updating an earlier review (January 1, 2005 through May 8, 2017). Randomized, controlled studies (RCTs) were included, which reported one of the prespecified outcomes: asthma symptoms measured by control composite scores; quality of life; medication use; pulmonary physiology; and health‐care utilization. For safety outcomes, RCTs and observational studies were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) for each outcome.

Results

Fourteen RCTs (n = 2585) assessed the efficacy of SLIT for asthma. The RCTs utilized house dust mite (HDM), birch, or grass allergen. SLIT improved asthma symptoms (high SOE), decreased use of long‐term control medication, and improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (moderate SOE). SLIT may decrease quick‐relief medication use, and improve disease‐specific quality of life (low SOE). For safety, 20 RCTs and 10 observational studies (n = 3621) were identified. Local (risk differences ranged from −0.03 to +0.765) and systemic allergic reactions (risk differences ranged from −0.03 to +0.06) were a common occurrence in SLIT and control groups. Life‐threatening reactions were uncommon, with 3 cases of anaphylaxis and no deaths reported.

Conclusion

There is moderate‐to‐high strength evidence that SLIT improves allergic asthma symptoms, reduces long‐term control medication use, and improves FEV1 based on studies of HDM, birch, and grass. SLIT rarely is associated with life‐threatening adverse events.