bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of the fruit and berry production in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Gedina Ieva Nora , Zeverte-Rivza Sandija ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2024

The current global developments that require an increase in efficiency, productivity, and sustainability are affecting fruit and berry growers. Without strategic initiatives at the governmental, non-governmental, and farm levels, the sector might fall behind in the global race for competitiveness. The goal of this study is to examine digitalization solutions in fruit and berry production and analyse whether and how they will impact the economic performance and competitiveness of Latvian farms working in this specific agricultural sector. To achieve this aim, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied, including theoretical analysis of digitalization solutions in agriculture, sectoral analysis, and gathering empirical data from Latvian fruit and berry producers, NGOs, researchers, and technology industry representatives. The results suggest that digitalization leads to increased efficiency and productivity, contributing to competitive advantage of Latvia’s agricultural holdings growing fruits and berries. However, numerous recommendations by stakeholders and the authors have been developed in order to accelerate the process.
Research on social media reliability
Authors:   Vilnius kolegija/Higher Education Institution, Vilnius, Isoraite Margarita , Aktas Daiva ,   Vilnius kolegija/Higher Education Institution, Vilnius
Published: February 2024

The current article analyses social media reliability. The conducted research focused on people's beliefs about the information reliability of social networks/social media. In order to find out why the respondents claim to be able to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information, they were asked to state their motives. To sum up, it turned out that it is possible to group arguments into certain categories that determine the recognition of reliable and unreliable information. The arguments of those who claim to be able to recognize reliable information: emphasize self-analysis; use of common sense; enabling critical thinking; trust their abilities; believe in intuition. The arguments of those who cannot recognize reliable information: that it is impossible to understand the reliability of information; they admitted that the information may be biased; they missed the consistency of the research process, they simply do not trust themselves. The majority of respondents do not share news articles on their personal social media. The data of the conducted research revealed the differences in opinion when choosing both social media channels and the means of information dissemination, the possibilities of separating the truth and uncertainty of information, and the further use of such information with the label of reliable or unreliable information. The conducted research will allow an overview of the spread and impact of real and fake information on social networks. The information obtained in this research will be useful for individuals who want to build online businesses, and will also provide advice to social media managers on how to create platforms that contain reliable information and generally reduce the harm of misinformation itself.
Informacja z konferencji naukowej "Polskie gospodarstwa domowe w procesie integracji z Unią Europejską"
Authors: Borowska Agnieszka , Kosicka Małgorzata
Published: February 2024

On 14 and 15 October 1999, in Warsaw Agricultural University there was organised conference entitled "Polish Households in the Process of integration with the European Union". Around 100 people participated in that event. The foundation for the discussion composed papers included in the publication titled the same way as the Conference. During the debate, the questions related to Polish households' standing and its tendencies in the period of transformation were talked over, and the differences in households' daily work between Poland and the European Union Countries were shown. The methods and instruments for improvement of the situation of growing number of poor families in Poland were presented, will pointing out the necessity for addressing the help from public and non-public sources to the most disadvantaged groups of the population. The problem of great importance was food consumption and alteration in its structure and quality. During the Conference, pragmatic conclusions on the ways of improving the situation of households were directed both to government and non-government institutes as well as to research.
Informacja o konferencji naukowej "Aktywizacja zawodowa kobiet wiejskich poprzez rozwój drobnej przedsiębiorczości"
Authors: Długokęcka Marzena
Published: February 2024

Rural women face new challenges and essentiality to look for any possible economic activity that provides them and their families with sufficient source of living. The purpose of the Conference was to present the situation of women undertaking non-agricultural occupational activity in rural areas and to assess small businesses run by women. In the course of the debate the focus was placed on problems arising from entrepreneurship development in rural regions (legal and organisational conditions, development incentives and obstacles, government economic policy affecting creation of small businesses run by women, etc.). It was stated that there exists necessity for integration of small business runners through setting up different associations or unions (for example of these people involved in agri-tourism activity) as well as for integration of entire rural population (including women). Closer co-operation within selected groups would increase their competition power on the market and would make possible to represent them in the social dialogue. The Conference organisers hope that meeting results fulfilled the requirements of its participants because all of them had the possibility to express their views and present any problems to solve them together.
Decyzje produkcyjne rolników i wyniki finansowe gospodarstw w różnych scenariuszach polityki rolnej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem integracji z UE (na podstawie badań modelowych)
Authors: Majewski Edward
Published: February 2024

In the study, potential impacts of different policy scenarios on financial results and production decisions of farmers from Leszno and Słupsk regions were evaluated. For two representative groups of 16 farms each optimisation models were constructed with the use of linear programming technique. Three policy scenarios were examined: (i) Agenda 2000 with direct payments, (ii) Agenda 2000 without payments, (iii) "no integration" scenario, assuming the current Polish agricultural policy would be continued. The time period covers the years: 1999 (base year), 2003 (hypothetically closest date of Poland's accession), and 2007 (the most realistic date of accession). The highest farm income generated by models was under scenario Agenda 2000, with direct payments. Without payments, the farm incomes were reduced by an average of 30 per cent, mostly in farms with a high proportion of cereals and beef in output. The continuation of agricultural policy in the present form, without integration with the EU would further decline financial results at the rate differentiated depending on the farm type. Models tend to differentiate the direction of changes in firms organisation under considered policy scenarios. In two Agenda scenarios, the share of root (potatoes, sugar beets) and protein crops (specifically in variant with direct payments) in the crops general was significantly increased. Opposite direction of changes (greater part of cereals and oil-seed rape) was noted in the case of "no integration" scenario. Favourable prices relations and headage payments caused significant reduction in beef cattle under Agenda scenarios. Under "no integration" scenario with existing price relations being maintained milk production is preferred by models. In all pig farms, models tended to utilise existing stands for animals at the maximum.
Deposición y caracterización de películas delgadas de W depositadas mediante evaporación térmica
Authors: Ipaz Leonid , Arias Nicole , Moreno Gijana , Copete-Viatela Juan David , Ipaz-Sabogal Juan David
Published: February 2024

El tungsteno (W) ha sido de gran importancia en la industria, debido a su estabilidad química y propiedades mecánicas, lo que ha permitido que sea usado en una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Sin embargo, en la literatura, la mayoría de los reportes de investigación se enfocan en su interacción con otros elementos, formando aleaciones en compuestos tales como el semicarburo de tungsteno W2C y carburo de tungsteno WC. El W, en forma de película y sin aleantes, no es reportado ampliamente en la literatura, por lo cual se hace pertinente este trabajo de investigación, enfocado en el estudio de la naturaleza estructural y morfológica de películas de W, depositadas sobre substratos de vidrio y silicio (100) por medio de evaporación termoresistiva a diferentes valores de corriente. La naturaleza estructural de las capas se estudió usando difracción de rayos-X (XRD), identificando las reflexiones características de la estructura cristalina del W en los planos (110), (200) y (211), encontrando que no hay influencia de la corriente aplicada sobre la estructura cristalina de las capas. Las características morfológicas de las capas fueron estudiadas usando microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM), encontrando una relación directa entre la corriente aplicada y los valores de rugosidad y tamaño de grano, el espesor de las capas varió entre 210 y 260 nm. Mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido se logró verificar la alta densificación de las capas depositadas. Esta investigación logró demostrar la posibilidad de depositar capas delgadas usando la técnica de evaporación termoresistiva, en las cuales se conserva la naturaleza estructural del material del bloque. Este tipo de películas, según la literatura consultada, podrían ser usadas en la fabricación de interconexiones en microprocesadores (Lee et al., 2019).
Integrasi Google Meet, Google Form, dan Whatsapp sebagai Platform Pembelajaran di SD
Authors: Sa'diyah Halimah , Noorjanah Aprilia Dwi
Published: February 2024

Pembelajaran di Indonesia masih dilakukan secara online dan kombinasi dengan offline karena masih berada dalam situasi pandemic Covid-19. Pembelajaran online sudah dilaksanakan hampir dua tahun berturut-turut, tetapi hal itu tidak mematahkan semangat para peserta didik untuk tetap belajar menempuh pendidikan. Proses belajar mengajar yang awalnya dilaksanakan secara offline dialihkan menjadi pembelajaran online. Dengan demikian semua elemen pendidikan harus mahir dalam penggunaan teknologi untuk menunjang pembelajaran online. Artikel ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran dan suatu konsep tentang pengintegrasian penggunaan Google Meet, Google Form, dan Whatsapp sebagai platform pembelajaran online di sekolah dasar. Dalam Penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan guru kelas 2, guru kelas 4, dan siswa kelas 4. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menarik kesimpulan dari hasil observasi dan wawancara di SD Negeri 4 Wiro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ini merupakan realita yang diperoleh dalam pelaksanaan observasi yang dilakukan selama satu bulan, dalam pembelajaran online di SD Negeri 4 Wiro. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena untuk lebih mengkaji dan mendalami platform apa saja yang efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran online di masa pandemi.
Penggunaan Microsoft Teams untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Munandar Ilyas , Purwoko Andyca , Hermawan Hardika Dwi
Published: February 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengganggu proses pembelajaran konvensional, sehingga pembelajaran online merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan selama ini pandemi karena hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran atau implementasi secara online pembelajaran di SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta X TM C X DPIB A, tempat penyampaian pembelajaran menggunakan tim Microsoft. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada beberapa guru di SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta, yang tertuang dalam beberapa pertanyaan tentang penggunaan tim Microsoft menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan metode pendekatan, dan kemudian menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan data yang dipilih. , selanjutnya menentukan kesimpulan, kemudian menulis hasil penelitian. Untuk hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut 1) Pengajaran online dan kegiatan pembelajaran 2) Menggunakan Tim Microsoft Office; 3) Kendala yang Dialami oleh guru dan Siswa. 4) Strategi Pembelajaran dalam kegiatan pembelajaran daring; 5) Media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru; dan 6) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi semangat kerja siswa.
Strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa
Authors: Anggraeni Vita Nur , Prameswari Dellis Shika , Prasetiyo Wibowo Heru , Syahrin Alfi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Keefektifan penerapan strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining pada mata pelajaran PPKn, (2) Keaktifan siswa dengan adanya penerapan strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining untuk mata pembelajaran PPKn, serta (3) Hasil dari penggunaan strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining pada mata pelajaran PPKn. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa dan proses pembelajaran PPKn di SMP Negeri 5 Ambarawa sebagai sumber primer. Sedangkan, sumber sekunder ialah berasal dari berbagai arsip dokumen yang relevan dengan penelitian. Sedangkan, objek penelitian merupakan hasil dari penerapan strategi pengajaran yang digunakan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran PPKn ketika melaksanakan praktik mengajar di kelas secara langsung. Kemudian, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik observasi serta dokumentasi berupa foto, video, serta arsip-arsip yang relevan. Penerapan strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining guna meningkatkan keaktifan siswa ini dilaksanakan dalam 1 (satu) pekan sesuai jadwal mata pelajaran. Adapun dalam upaya peningkatan keaktifan siswa menggunakan strategi Student Facilitator and Explaining. Diskusi digunakan sebagai salah satu metode pembalajaran supaya siswa yang belum berani mengungkapkan pendapatnya dalam kegiatan berdiskusi secara berkelompok. Selain itu, berupaya untuk dapat melatih kemampuan siswa dalam menyampaikan pendapat sekaligus melatih tingkat kepercayaan diri dan keberanian siswa. Dengan adanya strategi belajar yang digunakan ini, diharapkan proses pembelajaran dapat terlaksana dengan baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada kegiatan pembelajaran terkhusus pada mata pelajaran PPKn. Kemudian, meningkatnya keterampilan berbicara yang baik sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat, sekolah maupun bangsa, dan negara.
Pemanfaatan Metode “Debur Gula” dalam Pembelajaran Tematik yang Aktif dan Menyenangkan
Authors: Putri Salsabila Anindya , Rahmawati Fitri Puji , Purnomo Eko
Published: February 2024

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mampu mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa, salah satunya adalah pemilihan dan penggunaan metode pembelajaran oleh guru. Mengingat pentingnya motivasi siswa dalam belajar, peneliti ingin mengimplementasikan metode pembelajaran menyenangkan dan aktif dalam pembelajaran tematik agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih interaktif dan transfer materi kepada siswa menjadi lebih bermakna. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendekripsikan penerapan metode debat seru dan gubah lagu dalam pembelajaran tematik siswa sekolah dasar serta untuk mengetahui manfaat metode debat seru dan gubah lagu dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran tematik. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa-siswi kelas V sekolah dasar di daerah Jurug, Mojosongo, Boyolali. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, metode Debat Seru dilaksanakan dengan mengaitkan topik debat pada materi yang sesuai dengan kehidupan dan lingkungan sekitar siswa. Pada metode Gubah Lagu, dilaksanakan dengan cara mengajak siswa untuk bersama-sama menggubah lirik lagu daerah dengan materi pelajaran yang terkait. Dengan menerapkan metode tersebut dalam pembelajaran, memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk menghubungkan materi dengan pengetahuan yang telah dimilikinya. Selain itu dapat membantu siswa dalam memotivasinya untuk belajar memahami materi yang dibahas, siswa akan menjadi senang dan turut aktif mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran.
Media Pembelajaran Ular Tangga untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Numerasi Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kusuma Ardi Sinta Devi , Desstya Anatri
Published: February 2024

Kemampuan numerasi adalah kemampuan yang menerapkan konsep bilangan, keterampilan operasi hitung, dan kemampuan menjelaskan informasi atau masalah mengunakan Matematika. Mata pelajaran Matematika sendiri merupakan momok bagi siswa dalam setiap kegiatan pembelajaran yang dikarenakan materinya yang sulit. Akibatnya, prestasi belajar Matematika siswa rendah dibandingkan dengan mata pelajaran lainnya. Rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa merupakan salah satu penyebab dari kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar numerik mereka dan memberikan kemudahan siswa dalam mempelajari numerasi melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran ular tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah siswa menjadi lebih memahami materi, pelaksanaan pembelajaran menjadi menyenangkan, kegiatan belajar menjadi interaktif, dan motivasi belajar numerik siswa menjadi meningkat. Maka dari itu, media pembeljaran ular tangga mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar Matematika siswa sekolah dasar.
Possíveis efeitos da Covid-19 nas práticas pedagógicas de docentes da Educação Básica
Authors: Pinto Karla Emanuella Veloso , Ximenes Martins Ronei
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever possíveis efeitos causados pela pandemia de Covid-19 nas práticas docentes, com foco na apropriação de recursos tecnológicos digitais aplicados às atividades remotas, a partir das percepções de professores de escolas municipais e particulares da Educação Básica. A pesquisa, qualitativa e exploratória, ocorreu em uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. A metodologia se orienta pela Teoria Fundamentada em Dados, utilizando, também, o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo como apoio para a articulação e análises das narrativas dos participantes. Embora ainda não seja possível mensurar os efeitos educacionais decorrentes do trabalho docente, os resultados indicam que a maioria dos docentes pesquisados aprimorou o uso de tecnologias nas práticas pedagógicas das atividades letivas do Ensino Fundamental II.
PENGARUH CASH HOLDING, BONUS PLAN, FIRM SIZE, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP INCOME SMOOTHING (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019)
Authors: Cahyanti Kartika Dwi
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh cash holding, bonus plan, firm size, dan profitabilitas terhadap income smoothing pada perusahaan consumer goods industry di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2019. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan consumer goods industry di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2019 sebanyak 57 perusahaan, dengan 17 sampel perusahaan yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis statistik deskriptif, analisis regresi berganda model data panel, dan analisis asumsi klasik dengan menggunakan program Eviews 9. Hasil dari uji parsial (uji t) pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel cash holding dan bonus plan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap income smoothing, sedangkan variabel firm size dan profitabilitias berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap income smoothing. Hasil uji simultan (uji F) menunjukkan bahwa variabel cash holding, bonus plan, firm size, dan profitabilitas secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap income smoothing. Hasil uji koefisein determinasi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antar variabel dependen dengan independen sebesar 16,68%, sedangkan yang lain dijelaskan oleh variabel lai yang tidak terdapat pada penelitian ini.

 

Kata Kunci : Cash Holding, Bonus Plan, Firm Size, Profitabilitas, dan Income Smoothing
Specifics of gut microbiota in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Gumenyuk LN , Bordyugov MD , Sarchuk EV , Knyazeva SV , Zastavskii VA , Krickaya DV , Saitibragimova SE , Kurtvelieva AI
Published: February 2024

Currently, researchers show considerable interest in the link between gut microbiota and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM). This study aimed to analyze taxonomic changes of gut microbiota and assess its relationship with plasma levels of cortisol, melatonin, TNFa and IL17 in women with IRM. We invited 55 women with IRM and 60 women with normal pregnancy, studied their gut microbiota, and registered serum concentrations of cortisol, melatonin, TNFa and IL17. Women with IRM had changed gut microbiota: significantly decreased — diversity (Chao1 p = 0.014), significantly decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001), Lachnospira (p = 0.032), Roseburia (p = 0.003), Coprococcus (p = 0.012), and significantly increased abundance of Ruminococcus (p < 0.001) and Klebsiella (p = 0.002). We have shown a statistically significant relationship between cortisol level and abundance of Lachnospira (r = –0.51; p = 0.002), melatonin level and abundance of Coprococcus (r = –0.49; p = 0.012), and identified connections between TNF and IL17 concentrations and Chao1 index (r = –0.51; p = 0.002, r = –0.54; p = 0.001, respectively), TNF concentration and abundance of Ruminococcus (r = 0.51; p = 0.002), IL17 concentration and abundance of Bifidobacterium (r = –0.52; p = 0.001). Modulation of gut microbiota may have preventive and therapeutic effects in women with IRM.
Osobennosti mikrobioty kishechnika u zhenshchin s idiopaticheskim privychnym vykidyshem
Authors: Гуменюк Л. Н. , Бордюгов М. Д. , Сарчук Е. В. , Князева С. В. , Заставский В. А. , Крицкая Д. В. , Сайтибрагимова Ш. Э. , Куртвелиева А. И.
Published: February 2024

V nastoyashchee vremya sushchestvennyj interes u issledovatelej vyzyvaet sopryazhennost' mikrobioty kishechnika i idiopaticheskogo privychnogo vykidysha (IPV). Cel'yu raboty bylo proanalizirovat' izmeneniya taksonomicheskogo sostava mikrobioty kishechnika i ocenit' na urovne rodov ih vzaimosvyaz' s pokazatelyami v plazme krovi kortizola, melatonina, TNFα i IL17 u zhenshchin s IPV. U 55 zhenshchin s IPV i 60 zhenshchin s fiziologicheski protekayushchej beremennost'yu izuchali taksonomicheskij sostav mikrobioty kishechnika, koncentraciyu v syvorotke krovi kortizola, melatonina, TNFα i IL17. Ustanovleno, chto u zhenshchin s IPV izmeneniya taksonomicheskogo sostava mikrobioty kishechnika harakterizuyutsya statisticheski znachimym snizheniem α-raznoobraziya bakterial'nogo soobshchestva (indeks Chao1, p = 0,014), predstavlennosti Bifidobacterium (p < 0,001), Lachnospira (p = 0,032), Roseburia (p = 0,003), Coprococcus (p = 0,012) i uvelicheniem predstavlennosti Ruminococcus (p < 0,001) i Klebsiella (p = 0,002). Prodemonstrirovano nalichie statisticheski znachimoj vzaimosvyazi mezhdu znacheniyami kortizola i predstavlennost'yu bakterij Lachnospira (r = –0,51; p = 0,002), melatonina i predstavlennost'yu bakterij Coprococcus (r = –0,49; p = 0,012). Vyyavlena takzhe vzaimosvyaz' mezhdu koncentraciej TNFα i IL17 i indeksom Chao1 (r = –0,51; p = 0,002, r = –0,54; p = 0,001 sootvetstvenno), TNFα i predstavlennost'yu bakterij Ruminococcus (r = 0,51; p = 0,002), IL17 i predstavlennost'yu Bifidobacterium (r = –0,52; p = 0,001). Korrekciya mikrobioty kishechnika mozhet imet' potencial'nuyu profilakticheskuyu i terapevticheskuyu znachimost' dlya zhenshchin s IPV.
Teaching anatomical terminology: effective learning strategies in medical education
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr Paweł , Mozdziak Paul Edward
Published: February 2024

All healthcare professionals have to master the extensive anatomical terminology, which is an indispensable tool in communication. The Terminologia Anatomica, formerly known as Nomina Anatomica, is a particularly useful tool for effective communication among anatomists and specialists beyond the field, both within a medical context and the broader scientific discourse. The inaugural edition of the Terminologia Anatomica, which was issued in 1998 by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology, gained widespread international recognition. Nevertheless, many authors believe that precise definitions and valid names for the parts and segments of the anatomical structures that are clinically and didactically useful should be incorporated in future editions of anatomical nomenclature. Thus, refining and extending the Terminologia Anatomica remains a challenging task for future generations of anatomists. Simultaneously, the intricate nature of anatomical nomenclature poses a major challenge, as learning, remembering, and understanding the complex terminology is a difficult task, especially for first-year medical students and newcomers to the field, emphasizing the need to simplify the anatomical language. The purpose of this article is to explore specific strategies designed to elevate the educational experience of medical students as they endeavor to master human gross anatomy and its terminology.
Temporal variation in the population density and structure of the Eurasian BullfinchPyrrhula pyrrhulain the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hernández Ángel
Published: February 2024

The population ecology of the Eurasian BullfinchPyrrhula pyrrhulais almost unknown in Iberia, where the subspeciesiberiaelives. The present study provides a first approach to the population attributes of this subspecies in an area located in northern Spain, characterised by a landscape dominated by hedgerows and meadows. In particular, I analysed the population density, age distribution and sex ratio during a six-year period (2001–2006). By exploring the entire area, I estimated the density in each month, and distinguished males, females and juveniles. In winter, samplings by line transect were also used to obtain abundance indices to compare different days, months and years (1999−2005 period). Density values during the breeding season were similar between years, but winter abundances changed considerably at different temporal scales. A density peak was found in July–August, with the highest percentages of juvenile individuals occurring in August– September. Individuals clearly performing post-juvenile moult were seen during August–November. Sex ratio was markedly biased towards males throughout the year. Several biological and ecological characteristics of the Bullfinch, together with a favourable habitat and small changes of environmental conditions from year to year, seemingly promoted the relatively high stable breeding population densities estimated during the study period. The high variation in winter abundances was likely due to short-medium range movements. The high population density in late summer was a consequence of the addition of juveniles each year. The greater parental effort of females compared to males – since the former are responsible for most of the reproductive tasks and directly suffer considerable predation during incubation – was probably a root cause of the skewed sex ratio.
History of the Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor occurrence in Slovenia
Authors: Vrezec Al , Križnar Matija
Published: February 2024

The article presents a historical revision of data on the occurrence of the Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor in Slovenia. A review of historical sources revealed that the species occurred in Slovenia at least three times after 1800, for the first time between 27 and 31 December 1847 in Šentvid near Ljubljana (specimen in the collection of the Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, Slovenia), for the second time in November 1892 near St. Janž (present day Starše) on the Drava plain (specimen in the collection of the Joanneum Museum, Graz, Austria) and last on 3 October 1976 at the Sečovlje salt pans (observation was not documented with preserved specimen or photograph). All three data have previously been published in various historical sources, but some were overlooked during the preparation of lists of Slovenian avifauna.
Population dynamics of the Corncrake Crex crex in Slovenia in the 1992–2021 period
Authors: Denac Katarina
Published: February 2024

The first national Corncrake Crex crex survey in Slovenia was performed in 1992/93, followed by further five in 1999, 2004, 2010, 2015 and 2020. In 2004, annual monitoring of eight most important Corncrake Natura 2000 sites (SPAs) began. Both datasets showed a moderate population decline since 1992. After Slovenia’s accession to the EU in 2004, Corncrake population steeply declined at SPA Breginjski Stol and moderately declined at SPA Dobrava - Jovsi due to scrub encroachment, whereas moderate decline at SPA Ljubljansko barje can be attributed mostly to intensive grassland management and the conversion of grasslands to arable land, resulting in nest and habitat destruction. In 2020, the number of calling males in Slovenia was smaller by 55 % compared to 1999, when the highest number ever was recorded (683). The highest average number of Corncrakes in the 1992–2021 period was counted at SPA Ljubljansko barje (139 calling males/year), whereas the smallest number was recorded at SPA Snežnik - Pivka (8 calling males/year). A comparison of target values for Corncrake population size on individual SPAs from the national Natura 2000 management programme for the 2015–2020 period with counted population sizes showed that, with the exception of SPA Lake Cerknica, all SPAs are falling behind the target values by 32–90%, depending on the site. Likewise, the majority of sites are far from reaching target values for the enrolment of agri-environmental measure VTR (first cut after 1 Aug). The article also discusses the weaknesses of current VTR, its reform in 2021, as well as other potential measures and financial sources for Corncrake conservation.
Chisel Tillage Under Spring Barley in the Forest-Steppe
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yurii , Voinash Sergey , Troyanovskaya Irina , Zagidullin Ramil , Tikhonov Evgeniy , Orekhovskaya Alexandra
Published: February 2024

The degradation of chernozems and increased soil erosion led to the search for more advanced methods of tillage, taking into account climatic conditions, the quantity and quality of crop residues, and the volume of fertilizer application. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of various methods of basic tillage in the presence of preceding plant‘s crop residues on the growth and development of spring barley plants. The experiment was carried out in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. During the experiment, the influence of various methods of basic tillage on the agrophysical properties of the soil, its water regime, and weed infestation of spring barley crops was studied. For comparison, the following types of basic tillage were used: dump to a depth of 20–22 cm, chisel tillage to a depth of 14–16 cm, and disc tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm. Dump and chisel processing were characterized by higher grain yield. Chisel tillage provided better moisture accumulation compared to reverse ploughing. In spring, at the time of sowing grain crops in the layer of 0–15 cm, the reserves of productive moisture during chiselling were 145 mm, and during mouldboard processing 122.6 mm. Thus, chisel tillage for spring barley creates the best conditions for moisture supply and guarantees a high level of grain yield and significant profitability of production.
Justification of the Unit Design Diagram for Mowing Agricultural Crops Simultaneously with Their Stuble Chopping
Authors: Findura Pavol , Nadykto Volodymyr , Kyurchev Volodymyr , Mankovecký Jakub
Published: February 2024

The two-phase method is quite widespread when harvesting grain crops and forage grasses. For its implementation, farmers prefer harvesting units with a front-mounted header. The main disadvantage of such units is that after their passage in the space between the swaths of mown crops, open soil falls under the direct influence of sunlight. Subsequently, this leads to an intensive loss of its moisture. A harvesting unit has been designed to eliminate this shortcoming, consisting of a tractor with a front harvester and a soil-cultivating machine (disc harrow) mounted at the rear. The latter chops stubble and soil in the space between the swaths of the mowed crop, contributing to soil moisture conservation. In the diagram plan, the tillage machine can have a swivel or fixed conjunction with the tractor in a horizontal plane. A mathematical model of the harvesting unit plane-parallel movement in the horizontal plane has been designed to choose these conjunctions better. In the study, it is used to analyze the corresponding amplitude (AFC) and phase (PFC) frequency characteristics of a dynamic system when it is working out a control action in the form of the sighting point transverse shift. As a mathematical modeling result, it was found that the fixed conjunction of a tillage machine with a tractor is preferable. In this case, the natural AFC practically approaches the perfect one for servo dynamical systems. The correlation degree between the tractor‘s steered wheels‘ rotation and heading angles increases by almost 37%. As a result, this leads to a significant decrease in this parameter variance fluctuations, which contributes to an increase in the harvesting unit controllability movement as a whole.
Comparison of Effect of Conventional Fuel with Newly Developed Biofuel in Operation and Emission Conditions of Piston Combustion Engine
Authors: Tulík Juraj , Jablonický Juraj , Kollárová Katarína , Tkáč Zdenko , Kosiba Ján
Published: February 2024

The present paper deals with the evaluation of the impact of newly developed biofuels together with a comparison with conventionally produced fuel, diesel, in terms of their impact on the technical and emission condition of a studied vehicle. The main energy and emission parameters of the internal combustion diesel engine were evaluated. For laboratory experiments, a discrete test method was used for comprehensive assessment, the procedure of which is described in the methodology of the paper together with a description of the measurement chain designed to achieve the determined results. The paper deals with the evaluation of the measured results of power, torque, consumption, and emissions such as CO2 and absorption coefficient. Among the technical parameters, the power and torque drop were observed for each biofuel. The decrease is attributed to lower values of calorific value, viscosity, and density. A positive effect was observed for the CO2 and absorption coefficient emission parameters, i.e., a decrease for each of the newly developed biofuels studied.
Investigating the Essential Factors for Thresher Losses and Waste in Peanut Harvester Considering Several Varieties of Crop
Authors: Tarighi Javad , Azad Mousa , Ardabili Sina , Mosavi Amir
Published: February 2024

This research investigated the performance of a model traction combine harvester (TCH) for harvesting several varieties of peanuts. The effect of independent factors including tested varieties at three levels (local Moghan, Goli Astana, and Turkish), tractor forward speed (FS) at three levels (4, 5, and 6 km·h−1), and rotational speed (RS) of the thresher at three levels (500, 600, 700 rpm) on losses and wastes were studied and investigated. To analyse the obtained data, a factorial experimental design was used in the form of randomised complete blocks, and Duncan‘s multi-range test was used to compare the mean values. According to the findings, the effects of tractor FS and rotary speed of the thresher on the percentage of threshing losses were significant at the probability level of 1%. Also, the interaction effects of variety type and tractor FS, tractor FS, and rotary speed of the thresher on the percentage of threshing losses were significant at the 1% probability level. Also, the effects of variety type, tractor FS, rotary speed of the thresher, and all mutual effects on the percentage of threshing waste were significant at the 1% probability level. The results of comparing the average effects of the main factors showed that the FS of 6 km·h−1 had the highest average threshing loss (82.89%). Threshing losses were obtained in the Turkish variety with the lowest average value (2.51%) and in the local variety with the highest average value (3.53%).
Optimality conditions in set-valued optimization using approximations as generalized derivatives
Authors: Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ichatouhane Aissam
Published: February 2024

The set criterion is an appropriate defining approach regarding the solutions for the set-valued optimization problems. By using approximations as generalized derivatives of set-valued mappings, we establish necessary optimality conditions for a constrained set-valued optimization problem in the sense of set optimization in terms of asymptotical pointwise compact approximations. Sufficient optimality conditions are then obtained through first-order strong approximations of data set-valued mappings.
Transformation into anti-manipulation method in voting. Changes in properties
Authors: Sosnowska Honorata
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the properties of the anti-manipulation method in voting. Such a method can be used by committees and similar bodies to ensure that votes reflect genuine preferences. The anti-manipulation method is based on the Borda Count and discourages strategic voting by excluding scores that deviate excessively from the mean. The method does not eliminate strategic voting but diminishes the motivation to apply it. We compare the properties of the Borda Count and the anti-manipulation method. The properties, which are most often found in the literature, were chosen for comparison. Thus, the following properties are examined: consistency, vulnerability to the no-show paradox, vulnerability to the subset choice condition, homogeneity, monotonicity, and vulnerability to the reversal bias paradox as well as the Condorcet winner and loser paradoxes. The anti-manipulation method fails to satisfy most of these properties. A real data example, the voting of a certain jury, is used as a counterexample in most cases.
Hourly identification and simulation of the TGE S.A. Day-Ahead Market system
Authors: Marlęga Radosław , Tchórzewski Jerzy R.
Published: February 2024

The paper presents selected research results concerning the identification and simulation of the TGE S.A. Day-Ahead Market (DAM) system of the day for electricity delivered and sold, listed for the following hours: 5:01-6:00, 11:01-12:00, 17:01-18:00 and 23:01-24:00 in 2019, which were obtained in the MATLAB and Simulink environment using the System Identification Toolbox. As a result of identification, four respective discrete parametric arx models were obtained, which were then subject to quality assessment. Then, a simulation model was built in the Simulink environment, which was used for simulation tests and for assessing the sensitivity of the model created using the data from 2019 as the basis and the data from 2020 for verification. The obtained results confirm the correctness of both the performed discrete parametric identification and the possibility of testing the quality of the model and its sensitivity with the use of the DAM system model in the MATLAB and Simulink environment.
Control and optimization of abstract continuous time evolution inclusions
Authors: Mokhtar-Kharroubi Hocine
Published: February 2024

Abstract controlled evolution inclusions are revisited in the Banach spaces setting. The existence of solution is established for each selected control. Then, the input–output (or, control-states) multimap is examined and the Lipschitz continuous well posedness is derived. The optimal control of such inclusions handled in terms of a Bolza problem is investigated by means of the so-called P
ℱ format of optimization. A strong duality is provided, the existence of an optimal pair is given and the system of optimalty is derived. A Fenchel duality is built and applied to optimal control of convex process of evolution. Finally, it will be shown how the general theory we provided can be applied to a wide class of controled integrodifferental inclusions.
Stabilization of multivariable linear time-invariant systems by proportional-plus-derivative state feedback
Authors: Kiritsis Konstadinos H.
Published: February 2024

This paper is devoted to the study of the problem of stabilization by proportional-plus-derivative state feedback for multivariable linear time-invariant systems. In particular, explicit necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the stability of a closed-loop system obtained by proportional-plus-derivative state feedback from the given multivariable linear time-invariant system. A procedure is given for the computation of stabilizing proportional-plus-derivative state feedback. Our approach is based on properties of real and polynomial matrices.
Phytochemical study of food plants
Authors: Gabriella-Renáta Koncz , Katalin Püsök , Erzsébet Varga
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemistry of two food and herb plants that are commonly consumed. They are the beetroot and the celery, which are commercially known and have been grown for a long time in our country and in Europe. The beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) belongs taxonomically to the order Magnoliopsida, family Amaranthaceae, subfamily Chenopodiaceae, within which it is a member of the subgenus Beta. Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is a plant of the order Magnoliopsida, Apiales, and of the family Apiaceae. Beetroot is one of the vegetables that owes its antioxidant activity partly to its phenolic components. The active substances include various vitamins, minerals, phenolic components, anthocyanins, fibers, carotenoids, ascorbic acid. Celery stalks contain phenolic components, furanocoumarins, and essential oils. The widespread use of celery stalk is due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal and serum lipid-lowering properties. It is also used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Beetroot and celery stalk were used to prepare methanolic, ethanolic (50%) and aqueous extracts. For the determination of total polyphenols, ethanol (50%) proved to be the better solvent for both beetroot and celery. The total polyphenol content of beetroot was significantly lower than that of celery. In the determination of flavonoids in celery, the highest concentrations were obtained in the aqueous extracts. When anthocyanin concentrations were determined in cooked and raw beetroot, almost identical but surprisingly low concentrations were obtained. In case of the ABTS method used for antioxidant measurements, ethanolic extracts (50%) are the best free radical scavengers for beetroot, while methanolic extract of frozen stem part is the most effective in case of celery.
Penicillin and mycophilately
Authors: Gyéresi Árpád , Papp Lajos Attila
Published: February 2024

Alexander Fleming, the Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin 95 years ago, which has been an important drug used in the therapy of bacterial infections for eight decades. This event can be interpreted as one of the greatest scientific achievements of the 20th century. The significance of this life-saving medicine is often reflected in various artworks. The portrait of the discoverer as well as the illustration of Penicillium mould is frequently met on postage stamps.Mycophilately is a distinct area in the thematic collection of stamps, with increasing interest, encompassing the collection of stamps that illustrate fungi. Stamps with penicillin-related themes can be utilized as resources to study the cultural history of penicillin.The purpose of this paper is to present the illustration of this significant scientific discovery on postage stamps.
Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Stator Winding Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform and Machine Learning
Authors: Pietrzak Przemysław , Wolkiewicz Marcin
Published: February 2024

Applying the condition monitoring technology to industrial processes can help detect faults in time, minimise their impact and reduce the cost of unplanned downtime. Since the introduction of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, many companies have been investing in the development of such technology for drive systems. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have recently been used in many industries. Therefore, the issues of condition monitoring of PMSM drives are important. This study proposes and compares diagnostic schemes based on the stator phase currents (SPCSCs) signal for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of PMSM stator winding faults. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used for the extraction of the symptoms of interturn short circuits in PMSM stator winding. Machine learning algorithms are applied to automate the detection and classification of the faults. The concept for an original and intelligent PMSM stator winding condition monitoring system is proposed.
Evapotranspiration from Irrigated Mungo Bean Cropping in The Cerrado Region of Mato Grosso
Authors: De Queiroz Tadeu Miranda , De Matos Rigoberto Moreira , Dos Santos Bárbara Davis Brito , Araújo Daniela Moreira Costa , Meurer Evelin , Dos Santos Flávio Cosme
Published: February 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to calculate the evapotranspiration of irrigated mung bean crops in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso.
 
Theoretical Frame: This research used the following main citations as a theoretical basis: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) for the methodology for classifying soil characteristics; and Guan et al. (2015) using the water use efficiency methodology.
 
Method: The study was carried out from April to June 2023 at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), in Nova Mutum – MT. Each experimental unit consisted of a lysimeter with 18 L of volume, spaced 0.40 m between rows and 0.05 m between plants, with a total of 12 experimental plots. Irrigation management was carried out daily considering irrigation volume, precipitation and drainage. Variables analyzed: crop evapotranspiration, water use efficiency and grain productivity. Scatterplots and Boxplot (descriptive statistics) were created for a better analysis of the results obtained.
 
Results and Conclusions: The total evapotranspiration of the mung bean crop was 521.10 mm during 50 days of cultivation and the daily average was 10.63 mm. Grain productivity for mung bean cultivation in the soil and climate conditions of Mato Grosso was 5,325 kg per hectare. The water use efficiency of mung beans in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso was 1.66 kg of grains per m3 of water. The results of this study provide knowledge about the water consumption of mung beans and serve as a basis for irrigation management by bean producers in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso.
 
Implications of the research: The results achieved with this study are of great relevance for the purposes of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Mutum Campus, as well as for the academic and scientific community and producers in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso who aim to cultivate irrigated mung beans.
 
Originality and value: This research aimed to disseminate to the academic and scientific community and producers of Cerrado Mato-Grossense the need for water required by the Mungo bean crop throughout the cultivation cycle, in which this information will serve as a basis for agricultural planning in the region, such as: volume of water needed to cultivate mung beans aiming for maximum productivity, savings on water, electricity and labor.