bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedding of Alumina Reinforcing Elements in the Composite Extrusion Process
Authors: Pietzka Daniel , Schikorra Marco , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: March 2009

Extruded aluminum profiles are essential for lightweight constructions in contemporary
transport and automotive applications. The reinforcement of such aluminum-based profiles with
high-strength materials offers a high potential for weight reduction and an improvement of
functional and mechanical properties.
In comparison to conventional composite extrusion using fiber or particle reinforced billets, the
alternatively developed process for the embedding of endless reinforcing elements provides
enormous advantages regarding extrusion forces, load-adapted reinforcement, and tool abrasion. In
this extrusion process with conventional billets, modified tools with portholes are used to position
reinforcing elements from outside the pressing tool and to embed them into the material flow during
the pressing operation.
This composite extrusion process is part of the research work started in 2003 and carried out within
the scope of the Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR10. To increase the potential of composite
extrusion with endless reinforcing elements, the manufacture of composite extrusion profiles with
high-strength non-metallic alumina wires is planned. Due to the wires’ specific properties, e.g. high
stiffness, their deflection behavior must be analyzed to guarantee a stable feeding-in process. In this
paper the specific behavior of alumina reinforcing elements regarding the feeding-in process is
analyzed by experimental investigations. The main influencing factors are determined and a process
window is deduced.
Learning from History: The Reliability of Experts and Expert Systems
Authors: James M. Neil
Published: March 2009

Engineering design must be cost-effective over its complete life cycle and this necessitates
a statistical approach to product and service reliability. A particular design therefore has a finite
probability of failure during its lifetime and this has implications in terms of ensuring that design
procedures, management of design, and operation and inspection are appropriate, effective and
sufficient. Sophisticated expert system software packages have enabled wide access to rapid
development to prototype and production stages. The expert knowledge encapsulated in such systems
may be inadvertently used outside its intended application envelope, leading to unexpected and
unwelcome failures. This paper highlights the role of failure analysis and fractography in the context
of product reliability. It will present case studies illustrating typical structural reliability problems
that highlight issues connected with the ‘reliability’ of experts in assessing the reasons for failure.
Study on the Mechanical Fatigue Life Estimated of Pistons
Authors: Wang Yan Xia , Shi H.Y. , Liu Yong Qi
Published: March 2009

With the enhancement of the power of engines, pistons are easy to bring crack caused by
the alternative mechanical loads. In this paper an estimated formula of the fatigue life is developed
by amending the Paris formula on the basis of the study of the fatigue behavior of pistons. It consists
of the horny crack life and the surface crack life. As an example, parameters in the formula for one
type of piston are determined. The expression of the shape geometry factor and the stress range value
are obtained by carrying out the FEA static and dynamic analysis, respectively. The crack parameters
are analyzed based on the fatigue theory. The fatigue life of the piston is calculated using these
parameters. Finally, the validity of the estimated formula is verified by the experiments.
Journal Bearing Wear Monitoring via On-Line Visual Ferrography
Authors: Wu Tong Hai , Mao Jun Hong , Dong Guang Neng , Xu Hua , Xie You Bai
Published: March 2009

Wear condition of journal bearing was experimentally monitored with an On-Line Visual
Ferrograph (OLVF) system. The round bearing was made of 45# steel with babbitt alloy bushing and
the bearing journal was made of 45# steel. High stress of the water content of 0%,1%,3% in lubricant,
10 times of a normal load of 2200 N, and the rotating speeds at 500, 1000, 2000 rpm were adopted in
accelerated experiment. A quantitative index of particle coverage area (IPCA) together with wear
debris ferro-image was used to characterize wear degree and wear mechanisms. Three wear stages
with corresponding wear debris ferro-images were identified from IPCA variations characterized by
bathtub curve trend. The first one was running-in stage characterized by the highest wear debris
producing rate and higher large debris content. The second one was normal wear stage characterized
by the lowest wear debris producing rate and small normal debris. The final one was failure initiation
stage characterized by higher wear debris producing rate and higher large debris content. The
corresponding dominant wear mechanisms were micro-ploughing and micro–cutting induced by
rough initial surfaces in the running-in stage, local rub due to vibration in the normal stage, and
fatigue and abrasive wear in the failure initiation stage.
A Framework to Integration Development Process
Authors: Mi Jie
Published: March 2009

Based on systems engineering theory, complex systems development process is
discussed. The integrated model is built, in which the integration methods are introduced. The product
development process is not only a continuously evolutional process, but also an improvement process
of product model. A conceptual framework for integrated development is proposed. Furthermore,
building a full context model to cover life cycle is to leverage the deployment of system engineering
process. The result in this paper has a wider implication upon industrial integrated development for
complex systems.
An Aircraft Tooling Cooperative Design Model Based on Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity Working Principle
Authors: Li Ying Guang , Pan Zhi Yi , Yan R.J. , Jian J.B.
Published: March 2009

As restricted by airplane R&D circle, aircraft tooling design is desired to comply with
airplane product design and subsequent portions. However, cooperative design for aircraft tooling,
especially large-sized one, is difficult and the reasons are as follows: ①The quantity for Aircraft
tooling parts is enormously large, the size is large, and the structure is complex. ②Tooling design
procedure is complicated with many portions to be coordinated. ③Airplane product amendments are
frequent and hard to trace. Aircraft tooling design tends to proceed without effective mechanism to
evaluate and optimize manufacturing process, scheduling and etc. With these difficulties considered,
an aircraft tooling cooperative design model based on Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity working
principle is presented in this paper. Resorting to shared chemical information molecules,
Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity system forms an extensive and complicated regulating network which
regulates all cells and tissues in human body. Referring to this principle, aircraft tooling design system
involves controller and controlled objects. With adaptive and self-organized tooling design
procedure, rapid adjustment or reconfiguration can be realized. Meanwhile, the feasibility and
validity of adjusting task plans and tooling design schedules are ensured. To implement this model, a
multi-agent-based framework for aircraft tooling cooperative design is proposed. This framework
incorporates PDM and united structure for effective collaboration in terms of unified data sharing,
convenient tool wrapping and decentralized control. A pilot system has been developed and testified
in an aircraft manufacturing enterprise, thus lessening repetitive modifying workload, ensuring design
quality and project schedule.
Some Fundamental Aspects of Redesign and Remanufacture of High Temperature Components
Authors: Tu Shan Tung
Published: March 2009

The impact of remanufacturing on the conservation of energy and resources has been
well recognized during the last decade. When the relevant technologies are applied for high
temperature components in power and process industries, a redesign of the component life should
be required due to the time-dependent feature of high temperature failure. In order to provide some
fundamentals for redesign and remanufacture of high temperature components, mechanical
behavior of a two-bar structure with one bar being remanufactured is analyzed. An optimal
repairing time is given. From the viewpoint of creep damage, various high temperature structures
are analyzed by using damage coupled finite element method. Suggestions for life extension
remanufacture are proposed for typical high temperature components.
Test Method of the εrms-N Curves of Laminated Composite Beams
Authors: Shao Chuang , Ge Sen , Tao Hua , Bathias Claude
Published: March 2009

Two kinds of beam specimens made of composite laminated panel were designed and used
to do vibration fatigue test for ε-N curves. the shapes of various simulated joint configurations for the
specimens were adopted in order to get the accurate results. They were two kinds of
double-cantilever beams supplied by T-mode stiffener and L-mode stiffener. All beam specimens
were tested under the same shape of narrowband spectrum and the several loadings of random
vibration by shaker excitation. The bandwidth of the narrowband random spectrum was 1/3 octave
bandwidth whose centre frequency was the first resonance frequency of the cantilever beam, so that it
reduced influences of the difference of specimens resonance frequency. Fitting vibration fatigue test
results, the ε-N curves would be obtained then. The vibration test shows that this method of getting
ε-N vibration curve is feasible. It can be used in practice.
Research on Simulation of Fatigue Reliability Based on Rainflow Counting Range
Authors: Yang Guang Wu , Xiao Shou Ne
Published: March 2009

In order to evaluate fatigue reliability of single structure under random load, based on
rainflow counting range of stress-time history, fatigue strength reliability of structure is obtained by
means of stress-strength interference theory and Dirlik’s probability density function of rainflow
counting range, as well as by assuming that fatigue limit accords with normal distribution. Also by
using Miner’s damage cumulative theory, assuming that fatigue life accords with lognormal
distribution, and taking into account dispersion of damage cumulative criterion value, given finite life
reliability of structure is obtained by means of Monte-Carlo simulation method. The results show that
although maximum range in stress-time history is greater than fatigue limit, when a majority of cycle
range in stress-time history is less than fatigue limit, structure has high reliability of fatigue strength.
The results of given finite life reliability indicate that although structure has high reliability fatigue
strength under single stress-time history, fatigue reliability of structure experiencing many cycles will
gradually decrease.
ExProMod, a Product Development Support Tool
Authors: Ding Lian , Matthews Jason , McMahon C. , Mullineux Glen
Published: March 2009

The initial investigations are presented into three equipment design and manufacture
companies, and their issues relating to information loss and inaccuracies, and present the
employment of an extended product model framework to assist the engineers in overcoming the
issues identified. Three key scientific issues in this field are addressed. They are the customer
driven goals and practices, design change capture and product models, and the methodology
employed to answer the problem stated. The information generated during the service engineer’s
visit and the redesign process is encapsulated within a new ExProMod, so that it could potentially
be revisited and retrieved throughout the whole product life. A case study has shown that the
proposed ExProMod is able to record the information generated in a constraint-based
design/redesign so that it has the capability to assist the designers to assimilate and digest
constraint-based design, assist the designers to assimilate and digest constraint-based design, offer
information management benefits for the machine redesign in the industry, and Presents a tool to
capture redesign changes and their respective rationale. In addition, the directions for future
research are also prospected.
Study and Application of Driving Cycle for City Bus
Authors: Sun Hong Tu , Song Xi Geng , Wang T.L.
Published: March 2009

A typical driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions of city bus is developed
to show average speed, running time, acceleration and deceleration time, and passengers flow on the
city bus with the case study in Dalian. A practical method for the improvement of the fuel economy
with the application of the driving cycle for city bus is discussed based on the matching of drive train.
The results show the practical value of the methodology on the improvement of the city bus fuel
economy.
The Analysis on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Directionally Solidified Superalloy with Recrystallized Surface Layers
Authors: Shi Hui Ji , Ma Xian Feng , Jia Da Wei , Zhang Hai Feng , Niu Li Sha
Published: March 2009

Specimens of a directionally solidified superalloy with different shot peening pressure
were annealed at 1220oC in vacuum condition to get recrystallized surface layers with different
micro-structures. Low cycle fatigue tests of these specimens were performed at room temperature and
400oC by using an electrohydraulic load frame in the SEM system for real-time observation. The
initiation and propagation of cracks were inspected and the influence of the micro-structure of the
recrystallized layer on the material fatigue behavior was analyzed. The low cycle fatigue life of the
specimens depends mainly on the characteristics of the recrystallized layer. When the shot peening
pressure is lower, the recrystallized layer is thin and not integrated, and the fatigue life decreases
obviously in comparison with that of the specimen without recrystallized surface layer. When the shot
peening pressure increases, the recrystal grains are more integrated, and the fatigue life rises. A
comparison of the recrystallized layers between the blade surface and the specimen surface has been
done and it points that the incompact surface recrystal layer is very dangerous to gas turbine blades.
Jig Grinding, an Effective Method in Ball Lock Punches Production
Authors: Mahdavinejad Ramezan Ali
Published: March 2009

Ball lock punches with non-circular sections, as a cutting tool in carbide dies, are widely
used in car manufacturing industries. In this paper a simple method to produce non-circular cutting
punches is presented. From this point of view, first of all, all the methods are analyzed and among
them jig grinding as the best one is introduced. In continuation, the attachments of this method like
grinding tool selection, mechanical attachments to CNC grinding machine is analyzed. Finally, the
simple Visual Software to create motion codes is programmed.
Reliability Assessment Methods of Complicated Mechanical Product Based on Statistical Learning Theory
Authors: Shao X.Y. , Wu Jun , Lv Ya Qiong , Deng Chao
Published: March 2009

As the reliability test data of complicated mechanical products is rare in quantity on the
system-level and difficult to determine the accurate composition of the life distribution unit as well,
the traditional reliability evaluation method based on evolutionary theory has been of little use. And
the Statistical Learning Theory begins to be widely focused on as a novel small sample statistic
method, which has been mostly applied to pattern recognition, fault detection, time series prediction
and so on. This paper creates a new method for reliability evaluation derived from Statistical Learning
Theory. By constructing Support Vector Machine with analog reasoning, and solving linear operator
equation, the probability density of product can be evaluated directly and then the product reliability
index can be obtained. Compared with the traditional way, this method can apparently increase the
accuracy and generalization ability of reliability evaluation within limited samples. Finally, this paper
presents the bridge of a certain heavy special vehicle as an example to testify the efficiency of this
method, and uses the accelerated life test of the vehicle bridge to estimate its reliability.
Research on DSM for Simulation of Concurrent Product Development Process
Authors: Qian Xiao Ming , Tang Dun Bing
Published: March 2009

In this paper a simulation algorithm for concurrent product development process (CPDP) is
presented based on Design Structure Matrix (DSM). An aggregate DSM is used to model the CPDP.
To simulate the influence on the process of the time limit and the resource competition, the schedule
and resource model are established. A method is also advanced to handle task delay. At last a case is
used to validate the simulation algorithm and to show the influence on the process of task duration
and resource.
Measurement on Scale-Induced Fatigue Behaviour for Railway Axle
Authors: Zhao Yong Xiang , Yang Bing , Feng Ming Fei
Published: March 2009

Transferring of fatigue behavior is investigated from material to structure for Chinese
railway LZ50 axle carbon steel. S-N data in mid-fatigue life range and fatigue limit data of smooth
small specimens are applied for material fatigue behavior. Real axles and similar smooth bigger
specimens were tested with respect to fatigue limits. The data of real axles reveal the difference
between material and a special structure. And the data of similar specimens play a role of bridge to
connect material and material structures. Probabilistic transferring relations are deduced by the data
from material, to similar specimens, and then to structures at the fatigue limit phase. Structural
probabilistic S-N curves are obtained by the material fatigue behavior to extend the transferring
relations to entire fatigue life range. Determinations of the fatigue behavior of the groove of LZ50
steel axle indicate availability of the present investigation.
Development of a New Kind of Sealing Composite Material Reinforced with Carbon and Glass Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Chen Ye , Gu Bo Qin
Published: March 2009

A new kind of sealing composite material reinforced mainly with carbon and glass hybrid
fibers was developed with calendar preparation method. In consideration of the difference of surface
behavior, carbon fiber and glass fiber were pretreated by various surface treatment methods, and the
effect of these methods on the material properties and interface bonding between fibers and matrix
was studied through the transverse tensile test and SEM analysis. The optimum prescription of the
sealing composite material was obtained by regression design method, adopting stress relaxation at
300°C as evaluating indicator. The performances of the developed sealing composite material were
tested, and the results indicated that the main performances of the material coincided with the
requirements prescribed in Chinese national standard and some performances were even better than
that of the products of some famous corporations.
Classification Syllogism in the Farm Vehicle Design Based on the Kansei Engineering
Authors: Li Zhuo , Jin Yin , Hou J.
Published: March 2009

The aim of this paper is to propose the Classification syllogism, a method for the vehicle
design based on the Kansei Engineering. And thus a smart data acquisition and analysis system for
FATV design is constructed. The Classification syllogism gives a classification according to the
product’s perceptual arrangement of ideas, by comparing, it finds out the relationship of physical
elements from different feeling levels and then deduces the product physical parameter till final
outcome appears. The paper introduces the content and procedure of the method, as the actual case
confirms the validity of the obtained systemic model.
Failure Analysis of a Die for Cold Precision Forging of Bevel Gears
Authors: Jin Jun Song , Xia Ju Chen , Wang Xin Yun , Liu Hua
Published: March 2009

The life of bevel gear dies is determined by its stress state mainly. During the forging, the
die teeth fractured and the bottom corner cracked in a few times. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was
employed to investigate the reason of failure. The results show that the tip fracture and the bottom
corner crack mainly resulted from excessive tensile stress. In accordance with the FEA results, the
non-plane parting face was changed into plane parting face and the radius of bottom hole was
enlarged. The FEA result proves that the modification can greatly reduce stress concentration and the
application proves that the modification can effectively solve the premature failure of the die.
Product Reliability Assessment Method Combining Degradation Data and Lifetime Data
Authors: Peng Bao Hua , Zhou J.L. , Feng Jing
Published: March 2009

Reliability of products has long been considered as an important quality characteristic.
Traditional methods of product reliability assessment are based on lifetime data. With products being
much more reliable and the growing need for developing new products within shorter period and at
lower cost, we can hardly get enough lifetime data in many cases. Performance degradation data can
also be used for reliability assessment. Recently, they are found to be useful in some cases where they
are easier to collect. But when performance degradation data are also limited and some lifetime data
are available, it is preferred to utilize both information sources. This paper deals with the problem of
reliability assessment combining both performance degradation data and lifetime data. It is assumed
that two samples from the same product are tested differently. Degradation data are collected from
one sample and lifetime data from the other. First, the performance degradation model is established,
using either statistical methods or methods from physics of failure. Then lifetime of the product,
which is defined as the first time when the performance crosses the known failure threshold, is
calculated. The MLE method is used for parameter estimation where the maximum likelihood
function is multiplication of the one from degradation data and the one from lifetime data. To
illustrate the proposed method, an example of the metallized film capacitor, which is used in inertial
confinement fusion (ICF) facility, is given. We model the performance degradation data of metallized
film capacitor with Wiener process with drift. The failure of the capacitor is defined as the first time
when its capacitance drops below a threshold. The lifetime distribution is deduced and the parameters
are estimated from the joint maximum likelihood function. A comparison is conducted between the
assessment results of degradation data only and those of combination of degradation data and lifetime
data. In conclusion we propose that both degradation information and lifetime information should be
used when neither of them is sufficient enough for reliability assessment. Some directions for future
work are also discussed.
Fatigue Failures of the 353130B Type Roller Bearings on China Railway Freight Cars
Authors: Chen Lei
Published: March 2009

Causes are analyzed to the three shelling failures of railway 353130B type of roller
bearings on China 70t grade of freight cars with K5 type of tilting bogie. These bearings are all failed
in service lives less than two years, which is quit less than the overhaul inspection interval of 800, 000
km mileage of vehicles and the design life of 2, 000, 000 km mileage. The failures are all originated
from the position at the outer ring inboard side nearly to the seal seat. Metallurgical observations
reveal that the material chemical composition and microstructures are all in the reasonable range
except for the hardness values. This implies that the manufacturing techniques may not match the
requirements to lead to the reduction of fatigue strength. Elastic-plastic finite element (EPFE)
analysis reveals that the position at the outer ring inboard side nearly to the seal seat is subjected to
the maximum equivalent stress amplitude, which well match the situations of failures. In addition, a
comparison is made to the bearing on the same axle weight freight cars But K6 type of bogie. Results
reveal the maximum stress amplitude for K5 type of bogie is larger than that for K6 type of bogie.
This means the bearings failures are relative to the local structures. Therefore, both the manufacturing
techniques and the bogie structures should be advanced to improve the bearing service lives.
Damaged Structural Vibration Analysis Using the Hamiltonian Matrix Perturbation Theory
Authors: Liu Long , Xuan Fu Zhen
Published: March 2009

This paper proposes a Hamiltonian perturbation approach for analyzing the dynamic
characteristics of the damaged structure. Firstly, structural vibration governing equation is
transformed to the general expression of state variables composed of displacement and momentum.
On the basis of the conjugate symplectic orthogonal relation, the first-, and second- order perturbation
expression of the damaged structural eigensolution are obtained. Finally, the numerical simulation
and cantilever experiment prove the effectiveness of this approach.
Influence of Partial Slip Conditions on Rolling Contact Fatigue of 1070 Steel
Authors: Lu Li Juan , Wang Xiao Gui , Zhuang Li Jian , Gao Zeng Liang , Jiang Y.Y.
Published: March 2009

Partial slip rolling contact was analyzed in this paper by the finite element method with the
application of a robust cyclic plasticity model. The repeated rolling contact process was carried out by
translating the normal pressure and the tangential traction across the contact surface step by step. The
normal pressure and the tangential traction were applied to the nodes through the time-dependant
amplitude functions as the concentrated nodal forces. With the detailed stress-strain responses output
from the FE analysis, a general multiaxial fatigue criterion was used to predict fatigue initiation life
and initiation position. The influences of partial slip conditions on the residual stresses, residual shear
strain and the initiation lives are obtained.
Two Models for Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Qiu Bao Xiang , Gao Zeng Liang , Lu Li Juan , Wang Xiao Gui , Jiang Y.Y.
Published: March 2009

In this investigation two fatigue crack growth models based on the different physical
assumptions were systematically analyzed. One model makes use of the size of the stable damage
distribution zone near crack as the major contributor to the fatigue crack growth. This model is based
on the concept that a material point failures and a new crack will form when the fatigue damage value
of the material point reach the critical damage. The other model supposes that fatigue growth can be
described as a process with sequentially breaking small volume elements behind the crack tip. The
fatigue crack growth can be regarded as successive crack re-initiation over a critical distance. The
fatigue crack growth rate can be determined as the ratio of the critical distance to the average life
within critical distance. Both models use macro parameter to describe the microscopic mechanism.
An elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) was used to obtain the detailed stress-strain history of
the notched component with a detailed consideration of the cyclic plasticity of the material using a
robust cyclic plasticity model. The fatigue damage distribution and the average damage within the
critical distance near the crack tip can be obtained by combining the fatigue damage parameter with
the stress strain distribution from the finite element analysis. These two models were evaluated using
the experimental results obtained from the crack grow experiments on compact specimens made from
16MnR. The predicting results using these two models correlate well with the experimental data. The
results show that two models can well describe the notch effect on the fatigue crack growth.
Management System on Fatigue Reliability Database of Chinese Engineering Materials
Authors: He Jiang Hai , Zhao Yong Xiang , Yang Bing
Published: March 2009

A management system on fatigue and fracture reliability database is developed for Chinese
engineering materials. Considering extensibility, maintainability, reliability, safety, economy, and
convenient usage, the system was established on a basis of combining technologies of IIS+ASP.NET
+ADO.NET+SQL Server. Seven sub-databases were included. Main contents consist of probabilistic
fatigue constitutions, fatigue strengths, strength-life curves, strain strength-life curves, cracking
thresholds, fracture roughness values, and fatigue crack growth rates. Three searching ways are
provided respectively by material name, chemical compositions, and mechanical properties. Perfect
information for the seven sub-databases has been derived to benefit the wide applications for practice.
Layer-by-Layer Finite Element Analysis of Smart Composite Plates
Authors: Sateesh V.L. , Upadhyay C.S. , Venkatesan C.
Published: March 2009

Electric field-polarization interaction shows nonlinear effects in the constitutive
relations. In this study, an attempt is made to include these interaction effects in the finite element
formulation. A layer-by-layer finite element code is developed to handle the linear and nonlinear
problems. Linear and nonlinear analysis is carried out for a smart plate with surfacemounted
distributed piezo layer. The nonlinearity leads to a significant increase in the transverse
deformation.
Cuprous Oxide Films Prepared by Using a Microwave Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch
Authors: Chen Hong Ying , Kuo Lien Teng , Chang Wan Yu , Tsai Cheng Hsien
Published: March 2009

A 2.45 GHz microwave atmospheric pressure torch is employed to prepare cuprous oxide
films. The sputtered copper films are firstly deposited on slide glass. After that, the films are annealed
in air at 500°C for 12 h, which would directly oxidize into cupric oxide. The annealed films are then
treated by atmospheric nitrogen plasma at 800 W for 10 min. The color changed significantly from
black to reddish brown after nitrogen plasma treatment. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that
annealed films are cupric oxide which is vanished after plasma treatment. The cuprous oxide films
appeared after nitrogen plasma treatment. The resistivity of annealed films is 16.7 --cm, which
reduce to 2.08 --cm after plasma treatment. The optical band gap of annealed films, cupric oxide
phase, is 2.1 eV but the value shifts toward 2.4 eV after plasma treatment. The novel microwave
plasma torch posses a fast and easy way to fabricate cuprous oxide films.
A Study on Improvement Capture Velocity for Increasing Inhalation Efficiency of Hood in Local Ventilation System
Authors: Oh Yool Kwon , Kim Young Sun , Yoon Hee Sung
Published: March 2009

This study was numerically and experimentally investigated on improvement capture
velocity for increasing inhalation efficiency of hood in local ventilation system. The inhalation
efficiency of hood was studied to improve by increasing inhalation force of the hood that attached the
new device named “Gas-Guide-Device (GGD)”. Also, harmful material that couldn’t inhale in hood
was removed by increasing capture velocity at the edge of hood. For the numerical study,
computational fluid dynamic (CFD) was used to predict the improvement of flow velocity with
attached GGD in hood. To verify the numerical result, the flow velocity was experimentally measured
using a hot-wire type anemometer. As a result of the numerical and experimental study for improving
the effect of the GGD on the inhalation efficiency of the hood, it was verified that the capture velocity
around the hood inlet was relatively higher for the hood with the GGD than for the one without it.
Ageing Behavior of Cu-Ag Alloys
Authors: Cho Hoon , Lee Byoung Soo , Kang Bok Hyun , Kim Ki Young
Published: March 2009

To develop Cu alloy with tensile strength of 800 MPa and electrical conductivity of
80 %IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), the variation of mechanical strength and
electrical conductivity in Cu-Ag alloy during fabrication processes including casting, solid solution
and ageing treatment were investigated. Solid solution hardening leads to a large drop in electrical
conductivity of Cu-Ag alloys due to super-saturation of Ag solute in Cu matrix. Ageing hardening
gives rise to enhance both of the mechanical strength and the electrical conductivity. Therefore, it can
be mentioned that the electrical conductivity of Cu-Ag alloys was affected dominantly by Ag solute in
Cu matrix.
Bioglasses in the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 System
Authors: Birsan Costel , Ghitulica Cristina , Andronescu Ecaterina , Ionita Cristina , Birsan Mihaela
Published: March 2009

The aim of the study was the synthesis and characterization of bioactive osteoinductive
glasses, in the SiO2 – CaO – P2O5 system. In order to maintain the bioactive character of bioglasses,
for SiO2 contents higher than 60%, the sol – gel method was used for preparation.
On the obtained powders, thermal, grain size and X - ray diffraction analysis were performed.
The X - ray diffraction emphasized the formation of phosphate phases, whose proportion decreases
as the silica content is increased. Later, the powders were thermally treated at temperatures between
1000 and 14000C, the phase composition evolution being monitored through XRD analysis.
On the powder suspensions in physiological serum, the evolution of pH was investigated, in
order to establish the chemical stability. The behavior of the obtained powders in physiological
medium was studied, by immersing samples in simulated body fluid and excerpted after different
periods of time.
A Study on Corrosion Defect Evaluation of Painted Metal by Using Nondestructive Tests
Authors: Song Kyung Seok , Ko Myung Seok , Kim Jae Yeol
Published: March 2009

Importance on the detection of corrosion-related defect is undeniable from the fact that it
can prevent significant economic loss and enhanced safety in mechanical equipments, pipes, ships,
bridges, and other applications. Conventionally researched measurement methods for defect and
thinning from corrosion are acoustic emission, EMAT using ultrasound, laser induced ultrasound, etc.
However, these non-destructive testing methods have the shortcoming of accessibility to on-site. For
instance, EMAT should be close to several millimeters to generate magnetic field in structure. For
laser application, it can be applied to remote non-destructive testing, but some defect might not be
possible to be detected by the surface condition of structure. In this study, infrared thermography
camera is utilized to determine the degree of corrosion on paint-coated metal. In addition,
fundamental researches to develop corrosion detection system for on-site metallic structure are
conducted to provide the applicability of IR camera and possibility of thermal analysis method.
A New Method for Temperature Measurement by the Nanometer Particles
Authors: Su Li Hong , Sun Yu Jie , Zhang Jiao Qiang , Qiao Sheng Ru , Ai Yan Ling , Zhang Liang , Wang Yan Li
Published: March 2009

The subsidence rate of nanometer particles in liquid is determined by their Brownian
movement, liquid drag force and gravity. The paper utilized the relation between temperature and
the Brownian movement that the Einstein’s Brownian motion equation reveals. One new method for
temperature measurement is proposed which based on the subsidence rate of nanometer particles.
The Einstein’s classical theory can connect with contemporary nanometer technology, it have new
application.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Incorporated Polyurethane Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Ye Seul , Jung Rira , Kim Hun Sik , Jin Hyoung Joon
Published: March 2009

Polyurethane was used as adhesive due to high reactivity, high flexibility, and mechanical
properties. Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are an alternative to tin-lead solder in order to
provide conductive paths between two electrical device components, which typically consist of a
polymeric resin that contributes physical and mechanical properties, and conductive fillers. However,
ECAs have low electrical conductivity and unstable network due to large contact points of the few
micrometer-sized metal particles. In order to overcome these restrictions, multiwalled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) with high aspect ratio and smaller nanometer scale can be used as conductive
fillers. In this study, ECAs were based on polyurethane filled with two kinds of fillers, raw MWCNTs
and acid treated MWCNTs, respectively. Electrical conductivity was measured by using four-point
probe. Morphology and dispersibility of fillers were observed by scanning electron microscopy and
transmission electron microscopy.
Thermal Viscoelastic Analysis of 3D Fabric Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Nan Jia , Beyle Andrey , Ibeh Christopher C.
Published: March 2009

Viscoelastic properties of 3D fabric reinforced Vinyl Ester composites were studied in different
directions using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). Such materials filled by
nanoparticles (silicon carbide) with different concentrations were also investigated. The increases of
storage and loss moduli with addition of nanoparticles and with increase of their concentrations
were observed. The maximal tangent of the angle of mechanical losses was especially compared at
below and over glass transition temperature. Below glass transition temperature the presence of
nanoparticles increases storage and loss moduli and loss tangent. These effects achieved maximum
at glass transition temperature. Over glass transition, the loss modulus and loss tangent are
decreased with increase of the concentration of nanoparticles.
The Effect of Octa(Maleimidophenyl)Silsesquioxane on Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Bismaleimide-Triazine Resins
Authors: Yu Ding Sheng , Cao Hong Wei , Xu Ri Wei
Published: March 2009

BT resins composed of 4,4’-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI) and
2,2’-bis-(4-cyanatophenyl)propane (BCE) were modified by octa(maleimidophenyl) silsesquioxane
(OMPS). It was found that the curing reaction of BCE were accelerated by OMPS, and the onset
temperature of the cyclotrimerization was reduced up to 95.5°C (by DSC). As demonstrated by DSC
and FT-IR, there was no evidence indicated the co-reaction between maleimide and cyanate ester.
2,2’-diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (E-51) were also used to enhance
the toughness of BT resins, and the formulated BTA and BTE resins were obtained. The results of
DMA and TG show that the BT, BTA, and BTE resins containing 1wt% of OMPS exhibit enhanced
thermal properties in comparison with pristine BT0, BTA0, and BTE0 resins, while more content of
OMPS may impair the polymer matrix, though the effect of OMPS was slight. The dielectric constant
of these hybrid materials were reduced by incorporation of OMPS, while overmuch contents of
OMPS were disadvantageous for dielectric constant due to the aggregation of OMPS.
Fabrication of Highly Ordered Titania Nanotubes in Viscous Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Fen , Chen Shou Gang , Yang Le Jiao , Yin Yan Sheng
Published: March 2009

The TiO2 nanotubes with a highly ordered structure on titanium were grown by a
self-organized electrochemical anodization with viscous organic electrolytes containing small
additions of fluorides as the supporting electrolyte. The structure and composition of the
as-anodized nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The
formation mechanism of the nanotubes was discussed.
Preliminary Study on a High Strength Nanoclay/Epoxy Coating for Ocean Engineering Applications
Authors: Chan Mo Lin , Lau Kin Tak , Ho Mei Po , Wong Tsun Tat , Yin Yan Shang
Published: March 2009

Due to excellent property enhancement and the versatile application in automotive,
aeropspace and ocean engineering applications, research in nanoclay related polymer composites has
been a hot topic in the past few years. It is believed that the use of this material to form composites is
able to enhance the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of Polyurethane (PU), Polyester
(PE) and Epoxy. However, these composites have only achieved a small strength increment that is
below expected potential. For making anti-foulng coatig materials for ocean engineeirng applications,
the difficulties are on how to produce uniformly-dispersed nanoclay/polymer composites and avoid
clustering effect. In this project, a new experiment setup is proposed to mix nanoclay and epoxy
together to form uniformly-dispersed nano-sized nanoclay cluster/epoxy composites. In the
experiment, it was found that the micro-hardness of the composites (with 5 wt.% of nanoclay)
increased up to 50% under a controlled spinning, curing time and temperature environment.
Production of a Green Composite: Mixture of Poly (Latic Acid) and Keratin Fibers from Chicken Feathers
Authors: Zhao Yong Qing , Lau Kin Tak , Liu Tao , Cheng Sha , Lam Pou Man , Li Hu Lin
Published: March 2009

A new biocomposite based on chicken feather fiber (CFF) and Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was
fabricated for the first time by melting compound methods. Its mechanical properties and fracture
surfaces were investigated by using tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
respectively. The results showed that the tensile modulus and elongation at break of PLA samples
were improved by adding a small amount of CFF. The elongation at break of a CFF/PLA sample
with 2 wt% of CFF was 56% higher than that of pure PLA. This may ascribe to the good adhesion
and interactions between the CFF and PLA matrix.
Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors for Measurement of Large Strain in Geotextile Materials
Authors: Kuang K.S.C. , Quek Ser Tong , Tan C.Y. , Chew S.H.
Published: March 2009

A high-strain optical fiber sensor system has been developed to provide a cost-effective
solution for measurement of very large strain. The measurement of large strain in the order of a few
tens of % strain (up to 40 % strain) in geotextile materials has been achieved using an extrinsic
plastic optical fiber sensor (POF). Based on this design, the sensor is not limited to operating within
the elastic region of the plastic fiber proposed by other workers in the field. The present design
allows for compression strains to be measured even after exceeding strain levels of 5% (typical
plastic strain values of POFs based on fiber stretching.) The POF were initially calibrated using a
linear variable displacement transducer and the results based on tensile tests of a series of geotextile
fabrics have shown to compare well with other reference measurements.
Effect of pH Value on Synthesis of Calcium Phosphates
Authors: Huang Ya Qin , Sun Lu Jun , He Ai Hua , Wang Qin Qin , Han Charles C.
Published: March 2009

The effect of pH value at different initial Ca/P molar ratio on the composition and crystal
phase of the calcium phosphates synthesized through chemical precipitation method was studied in
detail. After calcining at 900°C, the products were characterized by XRD and chemical analysis. The
results showed that the composition and crystal phase of the resultant powders can be controlled by
pH value at different initial Ca/P molar ratio. When Ca/P molar ratio was 1.667, pure HA was
obtained at pH values of both 12.0 and 11.0. When initial Ca/P molar ratio was 1.500, pure β-TCP
was obtained at pH value from 11.0 to 9.0. CPP was obtained at pH value from 6.0 to 4.0 when initial
Ca/P molar ratio was 1.000.
Novel Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles as Non-Viral Gene Vector
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yin Pei , Wang Zu Yong , Ren Lei , Zhang Qi Qing
Published: March 2009

Novel hybrid biomaterial of gelatin-siloxane nanoparticles (GS NPs), with positive
surface potential and lower cytotoxicity, was synthesized through a 2-step sol-gel process. The
pDNA-GS NPs complex was formulated with high encapsulation efficiency, and exhibited and
efficient transfection in vitro. We thus envision that the GS NPs material could serve as non-viral
gene vectors for gene therapy.
Improvement of Fatigue Strength and Impact Properties of Plain-Woven CFRP Modified with Micro Fibrillated Cellulose
Authors: Takagaki Norifumi , Okubo Kazuya , Fujii Toru
Published: March 2009

This study investigated the effect of the enhancement by addition of Micro Fibrillated
Cellulose (MFC) on the static, fatigue and impact properties of plain-woven CFRP. Test results
showed that the addition of MFC little contributed to the improvement of static properties.
However, the initiation of matrix cracks between woven carbon fiber cloths was prevented under
cyclic loading so that the fatigue life of the CFRP was improved by the modification with MFC.
The ductility of plain-woven CFRP was also acquired under impact load by the addition of the MFC
to the matrix.
An Evaluation of CaF2 Doping Tricalcium Silicate as Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Xu Zhong Zi , Lin Qing , Li Yan Bao , Lan Xiang Hui , Lu Chun Hua
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of CaF2 doping tricalcium silicate
(Ca3SiO5, C3S) as dental restorative materials. The solid state reaction method was used to prepare
CaF2 doping C3S (F-C3S) using CaCO3, SiO2 and CaF2 as the starting materials. The in vitro
bioactivity, the rate of heat evolution and the compressive strength were investigated. The in vitro
bioactivity was examined by soaking the pastes in simulated body fluid (SBF). The FTIR and SEM
results indicated the hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layers of F-C3S pastes and pure C3S pastes
occurred after soaking for 1 day and 3 days, respectively. The difference in bioactivity was
attributed to the formation of F-substituted apatite, which has a Ksp lower than HCA. As compared
with the pure C3S, the rate of heat evolution during the hydration of F-C3S was slower. This was
avail to the dimensional stability of dental restorative materials. The pastes of F-C3S had a lower
early compressive strength in the early stage, but a higher compressive strength in the later stage.
Our results indicated that F-C3S would be bonded better to the teeth because of the earlier formation
of HCA and the higher later compressive strength. F-C3S may be a progressive candidate for dental
restorative materials.
Construction of Nonbiofouling Biofunctional Glass Surface by Self-Assembled Monolayer and Graft Hydrophilic Polymer
Authors: Liu Zong Bin , Zhang Bei , Pow Brian Yu Fung , Yang Mo , Mak Arthur Fuk Tak
Published: March 2009

This paper introduces a new method of surface modification by self-assembled monolayer
(SAM) and polymer monolayer grafting. Since most of the glass surfaces lack the reactive functional
group, an activation process with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate(TPM) is used in our
experiment to generate the vinyl reactive sites on the substrate surface for further graft
polymerization. The TPM saline layer acts as the “anchor” part to link the functional part onto the
surface of substrate. The paper summarizes the surface modifications by the polymerizations of
PEGMA, AA(Acrylic acid) and NVP(Nitrogen-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) respectively and their
applications for protein adsorption and cell adhesion through a series of measurements. In previous
research, AA and NVP had also been adopted for surface treatment and had achieved good results.
The substrate can be glass, alumina, silicon, metals or stainless steel. We choose glass as our substrate
during the experiment.