bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma with regional lymphadenopathy caused by sarcoid-like reaction: a case report
Authors: Mizota Tomoko , Suzuoki Masato , Kaku Saya , Mizunuma Kenichi , Ohtaka Kazuto , Takahashi Ryo , Komuro Kazuteru , Iwashiro Nozomu , Ohara Masanori , Kimura Noriko , Hirano Satoshi
Published: March 2021

Background

Sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) is a histological pattern of granulomatous inflammation that is clinically differentiated from sarcoidosis. Since SLR is known to occur in several neoplasias and occasionally causes lymphadenopathy and mimics metastatic malignancy, it needs to be considered whether lymphadenopathy is due to metastasis or SLR for the choice of cancer treatment. Few cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with SLR have been reported. Here, a case of HCC with lymphadenopathy diagnosed as SLR without metastasis is presented.

Case presentation

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. She tested positive for hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid. Imaging modalities showed an 81 × 65-mm-sized tumor with multiple nodules in segment 3 and a 17 × 12-mm-sized tumor in segment 5 with a common HCC enhancement pattern. In addition, a lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament was enlarged at 13 mm in size, suggesting the metastasis of HCC. Hepatectomy of the lateral segment and segment 5 and lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament were performed. Both tumors in segments 3 and 5 were pathologically diagnosed as HCC without vessel invasion. The tumors contained necrotic cells and epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, which is typically observed in sarcoidosis. The dissected lymph nodes also contained epithelioid cell granulomas, as well as giant cells with asteroid bodies. There was no malignancy in the lymph nodes. The pathological findings suggested the coexistence of malignancy and sarcoidosis. However, since the patient did not show any typical findings of pulmonary or cardiac sarcoidosis, the case was diagnosed as HCC with SLR in the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes.

Conclusions

SLR needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis when a cancer patient develops lymphadenopathy. However, lymphadenopathy due to SLR is indistinguishable from that due to metastasis even when using multiple imaging modalities. Pathological examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis.
The fermented soy beverage Q-CAN® plus induces beneficial changes in the oral and intestinal microbiome
Authors: Dioletis Evangelos , Paiva Ricardo S. , Kaffe Eleanna , Secor Eric R. , Weiss Theresa R. , Fields Maxine R. , Ouyang Xinshou , Ali Ather
Published: March 2021

Background

Soy products are associated with many beneficial health consequences, but their effects on the human intestinal microbiome are poorly characterized.

Objectives

To identify the changes in the oral and fecal microbiome in lean and obese participants due to consumption of Q-CAN®, and to assess the expected consequences of these changes based on the published literature.

Methods

Prospective study of lean (10) and obese (9) participants consuming Q-CAN® twice daily for 4 weeks with 8 weeks follow-up. Microbial DNA was extracted from saliva and stool samples, amplified against the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and data analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1 bioinformatics. Four hundred forty-four samples were collected in total, 424 of which were productive and yielded good quality data.

Results

STOOL. In the lean population Bifidobacteria and Blautia show a significant increase while taking Q-CAN®, and there was a trend for this in the obese population.ORAL. There were relatively fewer major changes in the oral microbiome with an increase in the family Veillonellaceae in the lean population while on Q-CAN®.

Conclusion

Q-CAN® consumption induced a number of significant changes in the fecal and oral microbiome. Most notably an increase in the stool microbiome of Bifidobacteria and Blautia, both of which are associated with positive health benefits, and in the saliva an increase in Veillonellaceae.

Trial registration

This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on January 14th 2016.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02656056
Sequential approach of internal maxillary-to-middle cerebral artery bypass and endovascular occlusion for giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Sergeev Andrey Vladimirovich , Savello Alexander Viktorovich , Cherebillo Vladislav Urievich , Kiskaev Aigazi Islamovich , Chemurzieva Fatima
Published: March 2021

Background

The combined approach to complex brain МСА aneurysm seems to be generally considered viable. Although it is fairly common, the combinations of modalities, which are suggested in different case reports, vary significantly. This case discusses a sequential approach of reconstructive microsurgery with internal maxillary-to-middle cerebral artery bypass followed by the balloon test occlusion and endovascular embolization of the aneurysm and the MCA. The combined approach together with use of maxillary artery helped minimize the intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old female with rare episodes of headache and depression revealed giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm. The patient underwent a combined operation in a hybrid operating room with no serious neurologic deficit after surgery.

Conclusions

Multimodality management in a hybrid operating room should be considered in case of complex fusiform aneurysm of MCA, which is associated with high risks of clipping. Thus, the sequential procedures will improve patient outcomes in treatment of complex МСА aneurysms.
Direct bare metal needle puncture and balloon angioplasty in calcified plaques of the common femoral artery guided by angiography (“BAMBOO SPEAR”)
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Hirano Satoshi , Shakya Sandeep , Kanda Junji
Published: March 2021

Background

Surgical endarterectomy for common femoral artery (CFA) disease is still considered the gold standard for treatment. Development of various techniques and devices has improved the clinical results of endovascular therapy (EVT) for CFA. However, severe conditions remain, especially for occlusive lesions owing to calcified plaque. We developed a useful technique for passing a lesion by directly penetrating the calcified plaque of the CFA using a bare metal needle and then passing through a balloon or dilating it. We named this technique “direct bare metal needle puncture and balloon angioplasty in calcified plaques of the common femoral artery guided by angiography” or “BAMBOO SPEAR.”

Main text

This report describes our technique for crossing a lesion by directly penetrating the calcified plaque of the CFA using a needle. We report a case of a 73-year-old male with hemodialysis who presented with cyanosis and ischemic rest pain of both lower limbs. Control angiography showed total occlusion of the left CFA with a calcified plaque. We advanced a 21-G metal needle that was slightly curved into the blood vessel from where the lumen of the distal CFA was located. The needle was advanced into the center of the calcified plaque, while observing from multiple directions with a fluoroscopic guide. We succeeded in advancing the needle into the lumen of the distal external iliac artery. After guidewire crossing, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed that guidewire was able to completely pass through the center of the calcified plaque. We could dilate the lesion by scoring balloon and drug-coated balloon. The final angiography showed sufficient results. We named this technique “direct BAre Metal needle puncture and BallOOn angioplaSty in calcified PlaquEs of the common femoral ARtery guided by angiography” (BAMBOO SPEAR).

Conclusions

The BAMBOO SPEAR technique may be considered a useful option in EVT for occlusive CFA with calcified plaques.
Seed preservatives properties of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum extracts on wheat grains damage and germination capability
Authors: Adesina J. M. , Aderibigbe A. T. B.
Published: March 2021

Background

Botanical pesticides may be a possible solution to the post-harvest loss of stored grains faced by farmers and food processors. In this study, seed preservatives properties ofSecamone afzeliileaves extracts at 50, 100, 150, 200 µl concentrations were investigated against lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica(Fabricus) infestation on wheat grains weight loss and seed germination capability arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated thrice under ambient laboratory conditions.

Results

The outcomes of the study showed thatS. afzeliileaves extracts exhibited significant effect (p < 0.05) in suppressingR. dominicaadult emergence and weight loss of wheat grains than untreated. The increase in the concentrations led to significant decrease in adult emergence and weight loss with different extracts.Secamone afzeliiethyl acetate and hexane extracts significantly subdued adult emergence in contact toxicity (6.69% and 8.49%) and fumigant toxicity (8.85 and 8.87); a similar trend was observed in weight loss in both contact (2.33% and 5.13%) and fumigant (1.50% and 1.03%) toxicities at 200 µl, respectively. None of the extracts hinder the germination of treated grains, while germination percentage ranged between 88.69% and 93.40%.

Conclusion

The results clearly indicated thatS. afzeliiextracts, in general, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts ofS. afzeliiin particular were the best seed preservative for stored wheat. ThusS. afzeliileaves extracts could be utilized as grain protectant substitute for conventional synthetic insecticides and fumigants in the control of insect infestation and conservation of stored grain quality and germination capability. Further study is required to identify the bioactive chemicals responsible for theS. afzeliiextracts insecticidal activity and stored grains quality preservation.
SOP: treatment of delirium
Authors: Kukolja Juraj , Kuhn Jens
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Delirium is a frequent complication in hospitalised patients, often leading to difficulties in patient management and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Most patients in intensive care units develop delirium, however, it is also frequently observed in non-intensive care unit settings. Risk factors are, among others, older age, brain pathology, severe trauma, orthopaedic or heart surgery, metabolic or electrolyte dysregulations, infections and polypharmacy. The most important measures to prevent and treat delirium are recognition and removal of risk factors and causes. Although delirium is a very common and serious complication, evidence for pharmacological treatment is poor, and guidelines remain controversial. Accordingly, non-pharmacological treatments have gained increasing attention and should be applied. Based on current literature, guidelines and personal recommendations, we developed a standard operating procedure (SOP) encompassing non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of delirium.

Comments

In order to prevent delirium, risk factors should be identified and taken into account when planning the hospital stay and treatment. Prevention should include multimodal non-pharmacological interventions. The treatment of delirium should encompass the elimination of potential causes and non-pharmacological interventions. Pharmacological treatment should be used in a time-limited manner and in the lowest possible dose for the management of highly stressful symptoms or high-risk behaviour.

Conclusion

The SOP provides a pragmatic algorithm for the non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of delirium.
Physicochemical, microbiological characterization and phytotoxicity of digestates produced on single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Parra-Orobio Brayan Alexis , Rotavisky-Sinisterra María Paula , Pérez-Vidal Andrea , Marmolejo-Rebellón Luis Fernando , Torres-Lozada Patricia
Published: March 2021

Organic amendments favor the development of sustainable agriculture by using less chemical fertilizers. In this way, the use of digestates from anaerobic digestion as soil conditioners in agriculture has been gaining interest due to their important N and P nutrient contents, among others. This study evaluated the potential use of digestates from anaerobic reactors treating food waste in single (D1) and two-stages (D2: hydrolytic/acidogenic and D3: acetogenic/methanogenic) configurations. Digestate characteristics and their potential application conditions (100, 50, 25, and 5%) were evaluated using Raphanus sativus as an indicator species. D3 reported the best performance in terms of: (i) better physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological characteristics, being a class B material, without exceeding the established limits for heavy metals, fecal coliforms (FC <  1000 CFU 100 mL− 1), Salmonella spp. (0 CFU g− 1), and viable helminth eggs (0 HE g− 1); (ii) better stability indicators on D3, followed by D1 (volatile solids/total solids (VS/TS): 0.57 and 0.65, pH: 8.63 and 6.80, respectively), while D2 was the most unstable digestate (VS/TS > 0.87 and acidic pH); and (iii) greater potential for agricultural use, since a 5% dose produced a germination index > 120%, whose effect is associated with the presence of humic and fulvic acids and with N and P concentrations > 1%. In addition, the study reported that volatile fatty acids > 2500 mg L− 1 act as antimicrobial agents, reducing the required pathogen removal pretreatments.
Time-dependent reliability of (weighted) k-out-of-n systems with identical component deterioration
Authors: Wang Cao
Published: March 2021

The performance of civil infrastructure systems is vital in supporting a community’s functionalities. Reliability assessment of these systems is a powerful approach to evaluate whether the system performance is desirably safe under the impacts of resistance degradation and non-stationary loads. A k-out-of-n system is a widely-used logic model for a system with n components, which survives (works) if at least k components work. Its special cases include a series or a parallel system. Furthermore, a weighted k-out-of-n system has components with positive integer weights and the system survives if the total weight of working components reaches the predefined threshold k. This paper proposes a method for estimating the time-dependent reliability of both ordinary and weighted k-out-of-n systems, taking into account the effects of resistance deterioration, resistance correlation and load non-stationarity, for which a mathematical solution is derived. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated through reliability evaluation of a representative k-out-of-n system.
Isolation, identification, and cytotoxicity evaluation of phytochemicals from chloroform extract of Spathodea campanulata
Authors: Wagh Anita , Butle Santosh , Raut Dipak
Published: March 2021

Background

Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. known as the African tulip tree has potential medicinal properties that have been shown traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of the present study was isolation, identification, and evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of phytochemicals from the chloroform extract of S. campanulata.

Result

Three compounds were isolated by using column chromatography and preparative TLC from chloroform extract of leaves of S. campanulata. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods, including, FTIR, ESI-TOF MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated by using SRB assay against human leukemia cancer cell lines (HL-60). Results were expressed in IC50 values. Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, octadecenamide, and umbelliferone were isolated and identified from chloroform extract. The isolated compounds showed cytotoxicity with decreasing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but it was found low as compared to positive control, i.e., Adriamycin against HL-60 cell lines.

Conclusion

The results indicate that isolated compounds, i.e., stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (44.12μg/ml), octadecenamide (35.65μg/ml), and umbelliferone (80.60μg/ml) showed antiproliferative activity, but it was low compared to positive control Adriamycin (10.09 μg/ml). Also, according to our knowledge, this study is the first report on the isolation and identification of octadecenamide and umbelliferone from the leaves of S. campanulata.

Graphical abstract
Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Body Temperature During Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Yang Chen , Cheng Yan , Liu Shuangping , Huang Shaoqiang , Yu Xinhua
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication after neuraxial block in cesarean delivery. At least 1 animal study has found that carbohydrate loading can maintain the body temperature of rats during general anesthesia, but it is unclear whether carbohydrate loading is beneficial for body temperature maintenance in parturient women during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) for elective cesarean delivery.

METHODS:

Women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomized into a control group (group C), an oral carbohydrate group (group OC), or an oral placebo group (group OP), with 40 women in each group. Core body temperature (Tc) and body surface temperature (Ts) before and after cesarean delivery, changes in Tc (ΔTc) and Ts (ΔTs), and the incidence of side effects (eg, intraoperative shivering) were compared among the groups.

RESULTS:

The postoperative Tc (core body temperature after cesarean delivery [Tc2]) of group OC (36.48 [0.48]°C) was higher than those of group C (35.95 [0.55]°C; P < .001), and group OP (36.03 [0.49]°C; P = .001). The ΔTc (0.30 [0.39]°C) in group OC was significantly smaller than those in group C (0.73 [0.40]°C; P = .001) and group OP (0.63 [0.46]°C; P = .0048).

CONCLUSIONS:

Oral carbohydrate loading 2 hours before surgery facilitated body temperature maintenance during CSEA for elective cesarean delivery.
КВАЛИМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К РЕЙТИНГОВАНИЮ СТАРТАПОВ
Authors: Oleynik Arina Gennadievna , Akhmedova Milena Rasulovna
Published: March 2021

Данная статья посвящена исследованию и применению квалиметрического подхода при анализе и рейтинговании стартапов. Существует множество методик оценки стартапов, однако квалиметрический подход имеет преимущества перед ними, т.к. он составляет критерии ранжированных списков, которые определяют интегральное качество для каждого стартапа с целью составления рейтинга. Авторами были выявлены все базовые показатели стартапов, а также при помощи методов квалиметрии данные показатели были сведены вместе, преобразованы для того, чтобы обеспечить достоверность и точность каждого из результатов данных показателей. На основании проведенного исследования были выявлены основные этапы работ квалиметрического анализа, которые необходимо провести при рейтинговании стартапов и выделены значимости и весомости исследования по каждому базисному показателю.Цель – применение квалиметрического подхода при рейтинговании стартапов.Метод и методология проведения работы: комплекс методов теоретического обоснования (описание, сравнение), квалиметрический метод, экспертный метод.Результаты: выявлены основные базисные показатели стартапов, построено дерево свойств рейтингования стартапов и поддеревья каждого из базисных показателей, назначены интервалы изменений каждого базисного показателя и рассчитаны их показатели весомости при помощи экспертного метода.Область применения результатов: полученные в рамках настоящего исследования результаты целесообразно использовать при анализе различных видов стартапов с целью рейтингования и выявления их эффективности.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ В СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРОЕКТА «5-100»
Authors: Madyarov Azat Albertovich
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности организационного развития российских университетов в контексте реализации проекта «5-100» по повышению их международной конкурентоспособности.Целью работы является формирование внутриорганизационных механизмов организационного развития российских университетов посредством систематизации нормативной базы и подведения итогов по проекту «5-100». При этом использовались следующие основные методы исследования: анализ информации из открытых источников и включенное наблюдение8. В ходе подготовки статьи изучены нормативные документы и теоретические концепции, а также результаты исследований особенностей развития вузов, выявлены типичные черты российских университетов. На основе установленных характерных особенностей и проблем вузов РФ сформулированы рекомендации по обеспечению дальнейшего развития университетов в условиях инновационной экономики.В заключении указывается на необходимость пересмотра существующих механизмов целеполагания и вовлечения ключевых заинтересованных сторон в стратегический процесс, формирования мотивирующей среды вуза, имплантации принципов организационной демократии при одновременном отказе от бюрократических ценностей.
РАЗРАБОТКА ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ДАННЫХ ДЛЯ ПОДБОРА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ С УЧЕТОМ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ
Authors: Pavlova Anna Illarionovna
Published: March 2021

Оптимальный подбор сельскохозяйственной техники зависит от многих факторов. В числе основных выделяют тяглово-сцепные свойства тракторов и технологические свойства земельных участков. Разработана темпоральная модель данных, и программа для оптимального выбора сельскохозяйственной техники на языке высокого уровня Python. В программе реализованы авторизация пользователя, работа пользователя с базой данных сельскохозяйственной техники. При этом использована база данных SQLite, позволяющая хранить и обрабатывать данные с применением облачных не клиент-серверных технологий.Цель: разработка темпоральной модели данных для оптимального подбора сельскохозяйственных машин путем интеграции с пространственной базой данных.Методы работы: методы проектирования баз данных, методы разработки динамических геоинформационных моделей, методы разработки темпоральных баз данных.Результаты: разработана темпоральная модель данных, интегрированная с базой геоданных и с базой данных сельскохозяйственной техники. Информация о земельных участках структурирована в пространственной базе геоданных ArcGIS 10 и включает сведения о площади, типе использования, технологических свойствах земельных участков, влияющих на тяглово-сцепные свойства тракторов. Темпоральная модель данных имеет атрибуты времени, необходимые для составления ежедневного плана работ, расчета экономических показателей по механизированной обработке почвы.Область применения результатов: предложен методический подход создания темпоральной базы данных необходим для динамической геоинформационной модели, необходимой для принятия решений по оптимальному выбору техники, выбору технологических операций, решению логистических и других практических задач.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКО-БЕЛОРУССКИХ ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Authors: Kuzavko Anton Sergeevich , Shevchenko Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

Цель – выявление специфики социально-психологических мотивов жителей, определяющих возможности и основные угрозы в становлении бизнес единицы в приграничном регионе.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались преимущественно общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, обобщения и моделирования исследуемой предметной области.Результаты: фактор географической близости двух государств проявляется как на уровне этнической принадлежности, так и готовности к сотрудничеству и взаимодействию на лично-бытовом и межгосударственном уровне. В статье представлен анализ социально-психологические особенностей жителей Днепро-Двинского региона (Смоленской, Витебской, Могилевской областей) методом анкетирования с закрытыми и открытыми уточняющими вопросами. Одной из главных задач исследования стало выявление отношения российско-белорусской молодежи к процессам интеграции России и Республики Беларусь. Наиболее оптимальным форматом взаимодействия двух приграничных государств, по мнению респондентов, является «независимое существование двух стран с теплыми и дружескими взаимоотношениями».Область применения результатов: результаты исследования будут полезны научным работникам и специалистам, занимающимся вопросами развития приграничных регионов, а также демографическими изменениями с учетом региональной специфики.
Doping in amateur sport on the example of mass running events
Authors: Smoleńska Olga Ilona , Zięba Mikołaj
Published: March 2021

Recent years of general life well-being have significantly affected for the perception of free time by rich societies. In the second half of the 20th century, active recreation and caring about health weren't be the main pillar necessary to maintain physical and mental health. Sport was treated only as work, and only professionals athletes did it. In the 21st century, the situation changed radically. Some people started saying that active recreation allow maintain mental and physical balance, which contributes to more effective work in other aspects of life. Interest in sport in free time started increase, what contributed to the emergence of new industries, which are sport services. Organizing mass running events, opening new fitness clubs and coaching services have become a job for many former professional athletes. With the growing popularity of amateur sport, it started to be a part of the professional sport, and eventually became a part of it. Health improvement has stopped be the basic motivational factor of an amateur athlete, it has been replaced by the desire to achieve good sports results, which is associated with increased interest in prohibited substances in this environment. Therefore, main goal of this article is to check the knowledge of doping issues in sport amateur enviroment and to verify commonness of doping in mass running events. Another important aspect is a anti-doping secure in mass running events. Correct functioning of anti-doping prevention during competitions is necessary to expand knowledge about doping in general society.
What’s Eating You? Black Butterfly (Hylesia nigricans)
Authors: González Carlos , Sandoval Laura , Motta Adriana , Rolón Mariam
Published: March 2021

Lepidopterism refers to the adverse medical effects of contact with insects of the order Lepidoptera, which includes both moths and butterflies. These effects typically result from contact with an insect during the caterpillar (larval) stage. Lepidopterism involves multiple pathologic mechanisms, including direct toxicity of venom and mechanical irritant effects. Clinical patterns associated with contact with lepidoptera include localized stinging reactions, papular urticaria and dermatitis, urticarial wheals, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Accurate diagnosis of symptoms associated with contact with caterpillars, butterflies, or moths is nearly impossible without a reliable history of exposure, as the histology of exposure is nonspecific. Treatment is largely empiric and should be based on symptoms. We report a case of lepidopterism in a patient with acute cutaneous lesions following exposure to an adult-stage black butterfly (Hylesia nigricans).
Relación enfermera-familia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Hacia una comprensión empática
Authors: Duque Ortiz Camilo , Arias-Valencia María Mercedes
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Desde la perspectiva de humanizar el cuidado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, se ha evidenciado la importancia de prestar más atención a los familiares del paciente e incluirlos en las dinámicas de la unidad. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la relación entre el profesional de enfermería de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos adultos y los familiares, desde la perspectiva de estos últimos y elaborar un planteamiento teórico que describa su proceso de construcción. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cualitativo de investigación y la tradición de la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron 26 entrevistas a familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y 100 horas de observación participante entre julio del 2017 y julio de 2019. El análisis de la información se hizo con base a la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin para la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: se identificó una categoría central, la relación enfermera-familia, hacia una comprensión empática, con cuatro subcategorías: formas de relación, el ideal profesional-la comprensión empática, la construcción de una relación profesional a partir de la interacción, la comunicación y la información; y las barreras en la relación enfermería- familia. Conclusiones: La relación enfermera-familia se fundamenta en la comprensión empática y tiene tres pilares centrales, la interacción, la comunicación y la información ya que propician la comprensión y favorecen la creación de relaciones empáticas y de confianza, lo cual contribuye a la humanización del cuidado profesional.
Distributionally Robust Conditional Quantile Prediction with Fixed Design
Authors: Qi Meng , Cao Ying , Shen Zuo-Jun (Max)
Published: March 2021

Conditional quantile prediction involves estimating/predicting the quantile of a response random variable conditioned on observed covariates. The existing literature assumes the availability of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) samples of both the covariates and the response variable. However, such an assumption often becomes restrictive in many real-world applications. By contrast, we consider a fixed-design setting of the covariates, under which neither the response variable nor the covariates have i.i.d. samples. The present study provides a new data-driven distributionally robust framework under a fixed-design setting. We propose a regress-then-robustify method by constructing a surrogate empirical distribution of the noise. The solution of our framework coincides with a simple yet practical method that involves only regression and sorting, therefore providing an explanation for its empirical success. Measure concentration results are obtained for the surrogate empirical distribution, which further lead to finite-sample performance guarantees and asymptotic consistency. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of our approach.

This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, Management Science Special Section on Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics.
The Threshold Effects on Consumer Choice and Pricing Decisions
Authors: Wang Ruxian
Published: March 2021

Problem definition: This paper investigates the threshold effects on the consideration set formation for consumers and the associated pricing decisions for firms. Academic/practical relevance: In the class of random utility maximization choice models, consumers choose the alternative with the largest utility after resolving utility uncertainties for all options. However, in practice, consumers may not inspect all available alternatives due to bounded rationality or search cost. Methodology: This paper incorporates bounded rationality into consumer choice behavior: in the first stage, a representative consumer forms her consideration set by removing alternatives whose nominal utility is lower than the largest by a threshold; in the second stage, she examines all alternatives in her consideration set and chooses the one with the highest realized utility. Results: For the Gumbel-distributed random utilities, we derive the two-stage threshold multinomial logit model with a consideration set. For the pricing problem, we show the quasi-same-markup/same-utility policy is optimal: high-cost products charge the prices such that their profit markups are the same, and low-cost products charge prices such that their nominal utilities are the same. For the price competition, there may exist zero, one, two, or infinite Nash equilibria, depending on the magnitude of the threshold effects. Managerial implications: Our analysis shows that the consideration set and bounded rationality play an important role in consumer choice behavior, so they should be taken into account in firms’ decision making.
KELAYAKAN PUZZLE SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU GURU DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA SISWI SLB-C
Authors: Mulyaningsih Nikita Dwi , Ririanty Mury , Rif’ah Erwin Nur
Published: March 2021

Intellectual disabilities were people who have a level of intelligence so low (below normal) that they needed help in carrying out activities. People with intellectual disabilities can strike sexual violence because of the stigma about disabilities are a-sexual creatures, especially intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the community restricted the access of health information, especially sexual matters. Besides that, there were several obstacles in conveying health information to people with intellectual disabilities due to the limitations of mental retardation understanding the contents. This is also supported by the lack of media that used to deliver material to intellectual disabilities people. The purpose of this research is to produce a puzzle that can protect people with intellectual disabilities from sexual violence. Research and development with a qualitative approach. Using interview, document study and observation methods. The research subjects consisted of eleven people consisting of six teachers of SLB-C TPA Jember, one Headmaster of SLB-C TPA Jember, three psychologists of Garwita Institute and one media expert. Data collection tools are interview guides, observation guides, handphones and stationery. The knowledge about sexual violence and puberty of most informants was still lacking. The informants agreed that girls with intellectual disabilities have a problem with their puberty period and sexual violence. The teachers always give education about puberty and how to protect their self from sexual violence. The informants also agreed that girls with intellectual disabilities need a puzzle that has message education about puberty and sexual violence.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO STUNTING IN CHILDREN AGED 6-24 MONTHS IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Qomariyah Nurul , Dinasty Putri Fia Amorita
Published: March 2021

Stunting is the impaired growth and development resulted from poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Children are defined as stunted if their height-for-age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median. Purwomartani is a village with the highest prevalence of stunting in Kalasan (27.66%), Sleman, Special Region Yogyakarta. The aim of the study was to determine factors that are associated with the incidence of stunting in Purwomartani.  Observational analytic research was conducted with case control design. Data was taken from the Nutrition Monitoring data of Kalasan primary health center in 2018. Cases were children aged 6-24 months who experienced stunting (n=37). Control was children aged 6-24 months who are not stunted (n=37). Three respondents were excluded from each group. Total of 68 data was analyzed. The results of the study showed that the majority of those who are stunted are in the age groups 13-24 months and the gender was female. Variables related to the incidence of stunting were father's education (OR = 3.429; CI = 1,176-9,994), maternal education (OR = 3,519; CI = 1,270-9,750), birth weight (OR = 5,250; CI = 1,509-18,268) and breastfeeding history (OR = 3.378; CI = 1,246-9,157). Variables that were not related to the incidence of stunting are family income (OR = 1,486; CI = 0,540-4,084), maternal age (OR = 1,170; CI = 0,390-3,512) and birth interval (OR = 2.2750.799-6.476).  Factors related to stunting were father's education, mother's education, birth weight and history of breastfeeding
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRAKTIK PERAWATAN KAKI PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS REJOSARI, PROPINSI RIAU
Authors: Putri Vivia Yunita , Indra Rani Lisa , Erianti Susi
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause complication to various body systems. One complication that often happens is diabetic foot. Obedience in carrying out foot treatment has an essential role in therapy management of the patient with DM. This treatment aims to find out behaviour factors related to foot treatment. This research is a correlation description with the cross-sectional approach, conducted on 100 respondents in Rejosari Health Center. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. The research result obtained is that there is no relation between age, gender, and the duration of suffering from DM and result of foot treatment with each p-value of 0.200, 0.739, 0.876 and 0.156 (>0,05). There is the relation between education, occupation, counselling, family support, knowledge and perception to foot treatment practice with each p-value of 0.019, 0.041, 0.008, 0.001, 0.040 and 0.006 (< 0.05). It is expected that Rejosari Health Center is more often to give counselling about foot treatment to prevent the occurrence of complication.
Pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap perubahan indeks massa tubuh anak usia 10-12 tahun
Authors: Rahmy Hafifatul Auliya , Prativa Nurul
Published: March 2021

Obesity in childhood can increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is also at risk of becoming obese in adulthood. May cause glucose metabolism disorders and degenerative diseases. Besides, obesity in children aged 6-7 years can also reduce intelligence level due to decreased activity and creativity of children, and tend to be lazy due to being overweight. This type of research is a quasi-experimental one-group pre-post test design. The population in this study were all elementary school students in the work area of Puskesmas Andalas. Body Mass Index (BMI) was collected by measuring height and weight using a digital scale and microtoice. Nutrition counselling using leaflet media. Energy intake data collection before and after counselling used the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the 24-hour recall. The researcher collected characteristics data, physical activity data, body weight data, Body Mass Index data using a questionnaire and analysis of differences in BMI before and after the intervention using the dependent sample t-test. The results have a distinction between BMI before and after the intervention. Treatment of obesity in childhood with nutritional balance includes eating a variety of foods, doing physical activity, and regularly monitoring body weight.
Sample-efficient deep learning for accelerating photonic inverse design
Authors: Hegde Ravi
Published: March 2021

Data-driven techniques like deep learning (DL) are currently being explored for inverse design problems in photonics (especially nanophotonics) to deal with the vast search space of materials and nanostructures. Many challenges need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of this approach; current workflows are specific to predefined shapes and require large upfront investments in dataset creation and model hyperparameter search. We report an improved workflow for DL based acceleration of evolutionary optimizations for scenarios where past simulation data is nonexistent or highly inadequate and demonstrate its utility considering the example problem of multilayered thin-film optics design. For obtaining sample-efficiency in surrogate training, novel training loss functions that emphasize a model’s ability to predict a structurally similar spectral response rather than minimizing local approximation error are proposed. The workflow is of interest to extend the ambit of DL based optics design to complicated structures whose spectra are computationally expensive to calculate.
Community-directed distributors—The “foot soldiers” in the fight to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Amazigo Uche V. , Leak Stephen G. A. , Zoure Honorat G. M. , Okoronkwo Chukwu , Diop Ly Maimouna , Isiyaku Sunday , Crump Andy , Okeibunor Joseph C. , Boatin Boakye
Published: March 2021

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect hundreds of millions of people, predominantly in rural, often difficult-to-access areas, poorly served by national health services. Here, we review the contributions of 4.8 million community-directed distributors (CDDs) of medicines over 2 decades in 146,000 communities in 27 sub-Saharan African countries to control or eliminate onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF). We examine their role in the control of other NTDs, malaria, HIV/AIDS interventions, immunisation campaigns, and support to overstretched health service personnel. We are of the opinion that CDDs as community selected, trained, and experienced “foot soldiers,” some of whom were involved in the Ebola outbreak responses at the community level in Liberia, if retrained, can assist community leaders and support health workers (HWs) in the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. The review highlights the improved treatment coverage where there are women CDDs, the benefits and lessons from the work of CDDs, their long-term engagement, and the challenges they face in healthcare delivery. It underscores the value of utilising the CDD model for strong community engagement and recommends the model, with some review, to hasten the achievement of the NTD 2030 goal and assist the health system cope with evolving epidemics and other challenges. We propose that, based on the unprecedented progress made in the control of NTDs directly linked to community engagement and contributions of CDDs “foot soldiers,” they deserve regional and global recognition. We also suggest that the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international stakeholders promote policy and guidance for countries to adapt this model for the elimination of NTDs and to strengthen national health services. This will enhance the accomplishment of some Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 in sub-Saharan Africa.
Latent but not absent: The ‘long tail’ nature of rural special education and its dynamic correction mechanism
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Guangqin , Luo Ji
Published: March 2021

The ‘long tail’ nature of rural special education (RSE) suggests that it simultaneously possesses the private nature of discreteness and the public nature of externalities, which can easily cause provision insufficiency. However, this mismatch may have a dynamic intertemporal correction mechanism impacted by different expenditures of supply sectors (governments and other social sectors). This paper uses different models and data from 30 provinces in China from 2003–2014 to analyze this dynamic correction mechanism. This research finds that different kinds of expenditures from different suppliers have divergent effects on this correction. Capital expenses (especially infrastructure construction) have significantly positive effects on the correction, but administrative expenses have significant dual effects on the correction. These effects may be caused by the various governance efficiencies and motivations of all stakeholders in RSE. This paper concludes that we should pay more attention to the accurate recognition and effective satisfaction of RSE affected by the governance efficiency and motivation of different suppliers to achieve this dynamic correction.
Quercetin/Zinc complex and stem cells: A new drug therapy to ameliorate glycometabolic control and pulmonary dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: Structural characterization and genetic studies
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Hamza Reham Z. , Adam Abdel Majid A. , Saad Hosam A. , Gobouri Adil A. , Al-Harbi Fatimah S. , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Altalhi Tariq , El-Megharbel Samy M.
Published: March 2021

Medicinal uses and applications of metals and their complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance. The ligation behavior of quercetin (Q), which is a flavonoid, and its Zn (II) (Q/Zn) complex were studied and characterized based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, electronic spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectral data revealed that Q acts as a bidentate ligand (chelating ligand) through carbonyl C(4) = O oxygen and phenolic C(3)–OH oxygen in conjugation with Zn. Electronic, FTIR, and1H-NMR spectral data revealed that the Q/Zn complex has a distorted octahedral geometry, with the following chemical formula: [Zn(Q)(NO3)(H2O)2].5H2O. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. A total of 70 male albino rats were divided into seven groups: control, diabetic untreated group and diabetic groups treated with either MSCs and/or Q and/or Q/Zn or their combination. Serum insulin, glucose, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were determined. Pancreatic and lung histology and TEM for pancreatic tissues in addition to gene expression of both SOD and CAT in pulmonary tissues were evaluated. MSCs in combination with Q/Zn therapy exhibited potent protective effects against STZ induced hyperglycemia and suppressed oxidative stress, genotoxicity, glycometabolic disturbances, and structural alterations. Engrafted MSCs were found inside pancreatic tissue at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, Q/Zn with MSC therapy produced a synergistic effect against oxidative stress and genotoxicity and can be considered potential ameliorative therapy against diabetes with pulmonary dysfunction, which may benefit against COVID-19.
Hypoxia-induced inflammation: Profiling the first 24-hour posthypoxic plasma and central nervous system changes
Authors: Mesentier-Louro Louise A. , Rangel Barbara , Stell Laurel , Shariati M. Ali , Dalal Roopa , Nathan Abinaya , Yuan Ke , de Jesus Perez Vinicio , Liao Yaping Joyce
Published: March 2021

Central nervous system and visual dysfunction is an unfortunate consequence of systemic hypoxia in the setting of cardiopulmonary disease, including infection with SARS-CoV-2, high-altitude cerebral edema and retinopathy and other conditions. Hypoxia-induced inflammatory signaling may lead to retinal inflammation, gliosis and visual disturbances. We investigated the consequences of systemic hypoxia using serial retinal optical coherence tomography and by assessing the earliest changes within 24h after hypoxia by measuring a proteomics panel of 39 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in the plasma and retina, as well as using retinal histology. We induced severe systemic hypoxia in adult C57BL/6 mice using a hypoxia chamber (10% O2) for 1 week and rapidly assessed measurements within 1h compared with 18h after hypoxia. Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal tissue edema at 18h after hypoxia. Hierarchical clustering of plasma and retinal immune molecules revealed obvious segregation of the 1h posthypoxia group away from that of controls. One hour after hypoxia, there were 10 significantly increased molecules in plasma and 4 in retina. Interleukin-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor were increased in both tissues. Concomitantly, there was significantly increased aquaporin-4, decreased Kir4.1, and increased gliosis in retinal histology. In summary, the immediate posthypoxic period is characterized by molecular changes consistent with systemic and retinal inflammation and retinal glial changes important in water transport, leading to tissue edema. This posthypoxic inflammation rapidly improves within 24h, consistent with the typically mild and transient visual disturbance in hypoxia, such as in high-altitude retinopathy. Given hypoxia increases risk of vision loss, more studies in at-risk patients, such as plasma immune profiling and in vivo retinal imaging, are needed in order to identify novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of visual impairment in systemic hypoxia.