bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydrogen irradiation on the optical and electronic properties of site‐controlled InGaAsN V‐groove quantum wires
Authors: Felici Marco , Polimeni Antonio , Lavenuta Giovanna , Tartaglini Elena , De Luca Marta , Capizzi Mario , Notargiacomo Andrea , Carron Romain , Fekete Dan , Gallo Pascal , Dwir Benjamin , Rudra Alok , Kapon Eli , Pettinari Giorgio , Christianen Peter C. M. , Maan Jan C.
Published: January 2013

The properties of InGaAsN V‐groove QWRs are assessed here by polarization‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and micro‐magneto‐PL. Both the polarization anisotropy of the QWR emission and the strong dependence of the diamagnetic shift on the orientation of the applied magnetic field confirm the 1D nature of the QWR excitons. Further, the possibility of passivating N impurities by H irradiation is used to estimate the N content (x) in the QWRs by turning off the effects of N incorporation. Both the H‐induced blueshift of the QWR emission (70 meV) and the measured value of the electron effective mass are consistent with x ∼1%. Nitrogen is also found to enhance the In intake in the QWR, likely due to the strain reduction resulting from the smaller lattice parameter of the InGaAsN alloy. Such strain reduction is also responsible for the quick decay of the degree of linear polarization (ρ) of the QWR emission with increasing temperature, indicating a small splitting between the QWR valence‐band levels. In fully hydrogenated samples, conversely, ρ remains roughly constant up to ∼240 K, suggesting the recovery of a larger energy separation between the QWR hole states upon N passivation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recombination lifetime in InGaN/GaN based light emitting diodes at low current densities by differential carrier lifetime analysis
Authors: Riuttanen Lauri , Kivisaari Pyry , Mäntyoja Nikolai , Oksanen Jani , Ali Muhammad , Suihkonen Sami , Sopanen Markku
Published: January 2013

Carrier lifetimes of the recombination processes in light emitting diodes (LEDs) depend strongly on the operating point. We measure the carrier lifetimes of InGaN/GaN LEDs at low current densities by applying the differential carrier lifetime analysis. In the measurement setup the LED is driven with constant current modulated with small amplitude alternating current (AC) and the carrier lifetime is obtained from the phase difference between input AC and light output.

In addition to the optical method, we also extract the lifetimes directly from the capacitance and differential resistance of the LED obtained using an impedance analyzer and compare the results to lifetimes obtained by the optical setup. The carrier lifetimes were found to increase from hundreds of nanoseconds to microseconds when the current density was decreased from tens of A/cm2 to tens of mA/cm2. Both measurement methods resulted in similar lifetimes (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensitivity of tropical‐cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient in different boundary‐layer schemes
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. , Thomsen Gerald L.
Published: January 2013

The recent study of the sensitivity of tropical‐cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three‐dimensional model by Montgomery et al. is extended to include a wind‐speed‐dependent drag coefficient and one of four boundary‐layer parametrization schemes: the bulk, Blackadar, MRF and Gayno–Seaman schemes. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. Interest is focussed on the change in intensity of the azimuthally‐averaged tangential wind speed and change in the low‐level vortex structure when the standard value of the drag coefficient is halved or doubled. Changing the drag coefficient provides insight into unbalanced effects in the boundary layer and their impact on the vortex evolution and structure. The changes in vortex behaviour with changing drag coefficient are qualitatively similar for all schemes, the maximum intensification occurring for a value somewhere near the standard value of the drag coefficient. The interpretation given to explain this behaviour underlines the intrinsically unbalanced nature of the boundary‐layer dynamics, although, for reasons discussed, a complete theory for the behaviour does not exist. The behaviour found is at odds with the predictions of Emanuel's (balance) theory for the maximum intensity of a tropical‐cyclone, which predicts a monotonic decrease in intensity with the drag coefficient if the enthalpy exchange coefficient is held fixed. It is at odds also with a recent numerical study of the maximum intensity by Bryan and Rotunno.

The study underscores the importance of boundary‐layer dynamics in models for forecasting tropical‐cyclone intensity and the need for care in choosing a boundary‐layer scheme. However, it is not yet known which boundary‐layer formulation is the most appropriate for this purpose, highlighting the need for a concerted research effort in this direction.
Manufacturing of innovative components formed using SPF processes and filled with aluminum metal foams
Authors: Astarita A. , Carrino L. , Franchitti S. , Langella A. , Paradiso V.
Published: January 2013

This work is part of scientific studies with the wider aim to produce components for aerospace industrial applications. Particularly, components with complex geometry are manufactured by using innovative technologies. The aim of this paper is to verify the technological feasibility of the manufacturing of components formed using Super Plastic Forming (hereinafter called SPF) process and filled with aluminum foam. The component under investigation is composed of an outer layer of a thin sheet in titanium alloy, formed by SPF technology, and a core in aluminum foam manufactured by the powder compact melting technique. Drop weight impact tests have been carried out with the aim to estimate the improvement of the innovative component in terms of energy absorption compared to the sum of the single constituents. The results have showed significant improvements in the energy absorption capability, proving that the proposed concept is technically promising. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clonal Isolation of an Intermediate Pluripotent Stem Cell State
Authors: Chang Kuo-Hsuan , Li Meng
Published: January 2013

Pluripotent stem cells of different embryonic origin respond to distinct signaling pathways. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos, are dependent on LIF-Stat3 signaling, while epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which are established from postimplantation embryos, require activin-Smad2/3 signaling. Recent studies have revealed heterogeneity of ESCs and the presence of intermediate pluripotent stem cell populations, whose responsiveness to growth factors, gene expression patterns, and associated chromatic signatures are compatible to a state in between ESCs and EpiSCs. However, it remains unknown whether such cell populations represent a stable entity at single-cell level. Here, we describe the identification of clonal stem cells from mouse ESCs with global gene expression profiles representing such a state. These pluripotent stem cells display dual responsiveness to LIF-Stat3 and activin-Smad2/3 at single-cell level and thus named as intermediate epiblast stem cells (IESCs). Furthermore, these cells show accelerated temporal gene expression kinetics during embryoid body differentiation in vitro consistent with a more advanced differentiation stage than that of ESCs. The successful isolation of IESCs supports the notion that traverse from naïve ground state toward lineage commitment occurs gradually in which transition milestones can be captured as clonogenic entity. Our finding provides a new model to better understand the multiple pluripotent states.
The Four and a Half LIM-Domain 2 Controls Early Cardiac Cell Commitment and Expansion Via Regulating β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription
Authors: Renger Anke , Zafiriou Maria-Patapia , Noack Claudia , Pavlova Elena , Becker Alexander , Sharkova Krasimira , Bergmann Martin W. , El-Armouche Ali , Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus , Zelarayán Laura C.
Published: January 2013

The multiphasic regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway is essential for cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. To achieve tight regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, tissue- and cell-specific coactivators and repressors need to be recruited. The identification of such factors may help to elucidate mechanisms leading to enhanced cardiac differentiation efficiency in vitro as well as promote regeneration in vivo. Using a yeast-two-hybrid screen, we identified four-and-a-half-LIM-domain 2 (FHL2) as a cardiac-specific β-catenin interaction partner and activator of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription. We analyzed the role of this interaction for early cardiogenesis in an in vitro model by making use of embryoid body cultures from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this model, stable FHL2 gain-of-function promoted mesodermal cell formation and cell proliferation while arresting cardiac differentiation in an early cardiogenic mesodermal progenitor state. Mechanistically, FHL2 overexpression enhanced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and activated Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription leading to sustained upregulation of the early cardiogenic gene Igfbp5. In an alternative P19 cell model, transient FHL2 overexpression led to early activation of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription, but not sustained high-level of Igfbp5 expression. This resulted in enhanced cardiogenesis. We propose that early Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation mediated by FHL2 is important for the transition to and expansion of early cardiogenic mesodermal cells. Collectively, our findings offer mechanistic insight into the early cardiogenic code and may be further exploited to enhance cardiac progenitor cell activity in vitro and in vivo.
Inferring teacher epistemological framing from local patterns in teacher noticing
Authors: Russ Rosemary S. , Luna Melissa J.
Published: January 2013

In this work we use research from science education on teacher framing and work from mathematics education on teacher noticing to develop new approaches to modeling teacher cognition. The framing literature proposes a dynamic cognitive model of teaching in which teacher epistemological framing, or moment‐to‐moment understanding of what is going on with respect to knowledge and learning in the classroom, drives much of teacher practice. The teacher noticing literature documents patterns and trends in teachers' attention during instruction. We suggest first that noticing patterns, particularly local noticing patterns, can be leveraged to make inferences about teacher framing that maintain sensitivity to its dynamics but are also more reliable than existing analytic approaches. Second, we suggest that understanding noticing as driven by framing requires researchers to anticipate, allow for, and capitalize on the fact that teachers are capable of multiple, internally consistent variations in noticing at any given time. To illustrate these claims we present an analysis of one high school biology teacher who implemented a new digital recording technology in her classroom. Using the data from that implementation we identify two distinct local patterns in the teacher's noticing and from those patterns infer two different epistemological frames, one that she adopts during lab work and another during class discussions. We also discuss implications of these multiple framings for the study and training of teacher noticing more broadly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:284–314, 2013
What Would You Say? Genetic Counseling Graduate Students’ and Counselors’ Hypothetical Responses to Patient Requested Self‐Disclosure
Authors: Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , Veach Patricia McCarthy , MacFarlane Ian M.
Published: January 2013

Genetic counselor self‐disclosure is a complex behavior that lacks extensive characterization. In particular, data are limited about genetic counselors’ responses when patients ask them to self‐disclose. Accordingly, this study investigated genetic counseling students’ (n = 114) and practicing genetic counselors’ (n = 123) responses to two hypothetical scenarios in which a female prenatal patient requests self‐disclosure. Scenarios were identical except for a final patient question: “Have you ever had an amniocentesis?” or “What would you do if you were me?” Imagining themselves as the counselor, participants wrote a response for each scenario and then explained their response. Differences in disclosure frequency for students vs. counselors and disclosure question were assessed, and themes in participant responses and explanations were extracted via content and thematic analysis methods. Chi‐square analyses indicated no significant differences in frequency of student versus counselor disclosure. Self‐disclosure was significantly higher for, “Have you ever had an amniocentesis?” (78.5 %) than for, “What would you do if you were me?” (53.2 %) (p < .001). Types of self‐disclosures includedpersonal,professional, andmixed disclosures. Prevalent explanations for disclosure and non‐disclosure responses included: remain patient focused and support/empower the patient. Additional findings, practice and training implications, and research recommendations are presented.
Patterns of abundance and co‐occurrence in aquatic plant communities
Authors: Chmara Rafał , Szmeja Józef , Ulrich Werner
Published: January 2013

Aquatic plants are well suited as subjects for studies on the distribution and abundance of co‐occurring species, especially due to the simple structure of their communities, well defined toposequences and relatively easily measurable environmental factors. Here we show that underwater plants occurring in semi‐natural lakes form stable communities, where species interactions dominate over dispersal dynamics to form a modular community structure with a high degree of zonation (turnover) and low within‐module species richness. In turn, human‐induced disturbance largely destroyed the modular structure. Our results indicate that (1) species abundance distributions (SADs) of underwater plant communities are well described by the lognormal model; (2) environmental characters did not significantly influence the SADs of underwater plant communities; (3) log‐series SADs do not indicate specific types of community organization; (4) in our lake communities only few satellites (tourists) occur; (5) the co‐occurrence of species is highly dependent on the turnover across lakes and water depth zones; and (6) species zonation is a function of lake properties.
Robert Bruce Foote: His Contribution to the Geology of Karnataka, the Southern Peninsular India and Indian Prehistory
Authors: Srikantia S.V.
Published: January 2013

“Robert Bruce Foote is to be given the honoured place as the father of south Indian Geology”. “All students of Karnataka geology must salute this great veteran geologist who laid a firm foundation for the development of geological studies in the State. Thanks to the pioneering work of Bruce Foote, Karnataka retains even to this day a prominent position as holding a key to the understanding of early crustal processes and is attracting , not only geologists from other parts of India, but many reputed students of Earth Science from other parts of the world.”. These are the words of B.P.Radhakrishna (1994) written in Geology of Karnataka.

“Besides his purely geological work he was one of the earliest discoverers, and later a most enthusiastic investigator of relics of ancient man in Southern India; he formed an extensive collection of stone-implements, which is now deposited in the Madras Museum, and was for long recognised as a leading authority on this branch of research” wrote R.D. Oldham (1913) in his obituary reference extolling Foote’s passion for Prehistory.
The Vorticity Axis Flip and Its Control on Mineralization
Authors: Mamtani Manish A.
Published: January 2013

This paper discusses the possible role of vorticity axis flip in controlling fluid flow and consequent development of hydrothermal deposits. Structural, kinematic and vorticity data from the vicinity of the Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) are used to propose a two stage model to explain hydrothermal mineralization. It is suggested that in the initial stage, fractures, weak planes, foliations and/or shear zones develop. Fracture permeability is weak at this stage, as a consequence of which fluid pressure builds up. Variation in stress orientation during a later stage of deformation results in enhancement of fracture network, fracture permeability and its anisotropy. If a significant vorticity axis flip accompanies this variation in stress orientation, then it pumps the fluids into the fracture network, thus yielding hydrothermal mineral deposits. In the case of SSZ, the vorticity axis flip is envisaged to have taken place from steeply plunging (anticlockwise) during the early stage, to sub-horizontal during the late stage. The SSZ became a northerly dipping thrust at this late stage and the rotation around the sub-horizontal vorticity axis was such that the rocks comprising the northern block were thrust over southern block (Singhbhum granitoid). According to the author, this vorticity axis flip must have been critical in pumping up the fluids along the SSZ to form quartz veins that host mineral deposits.
Morphometric Evidence of Seismicity around Wagad and Gedi Faults, Eastern Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Bhattacharya Falguni , Rastogi B. K. , Kothyari Girish C.
Published: January 2013

Recent studies suggest that the eastern Kachchh is a potential zone for major earthquakes in the near future. Particularly, the E-W trending faults are considered capable of generating large magnitude earthquakes is further indicated by the recent concentration of the earthquake shocks, which, show two prominent clustering around west and north of the Wagad upland. In view of this, the conventional morphometric analyses of a terrain bounded by the E-W trending North Wagad Fault (NWF) and the Gedi Fault (GF) has been undertaken to ascertain the influence of seismicity in the evolution of the drainage basin. The study suggests that the fifth order drainage basins responded to the seismicity associated with both the NWF and GF. However, compared to the GF, the NWF seems to be more active. In addition to this, based on the stream morphology, we could identify two lineaments trending N-S and E-W. The former appears to be associated with the activity along the Manfara Fault (MF), whereas, the later seems to be the splays of the NWF. Further, a preferential westward shift of the streams suggests left lateral displacement of the E-W trending faults. Overall it can be suggested that the terrain is in juvenile stage implying tectonic instability.
Heavy Mineral Distribution and Characterisation of Ilmenite of Kayamkulam - Thothapally Barrier Island, Southwest Coast of India
Authors: Nallusamy Babu , Babu Sinirani , Babu D. S. Suresh
Published: January 2013

Mineral concentration and ilmenite characterization of the Thothapally - Kayamkulam Barrier Island of the southern Kerala has been studied. 96.86% concentrations of heavy minerals are recorded in the surficial and core samples (4 m) in the southern Kayamkulam and northern Thothapally areas. The total heavy mineral content decreases with depth. The primary heavy mineral suite of the surficial and core samples consists of ilmenite, sillimanite, zircon, garnets, rutile, monazite and magnetite. Longshore current and onshore- offshore movements of sediment during the southwest monsoon are primarily responsible in sorting of the heavy minerals. TiO2 content in ilmenite is significantly higher in the Kayamkulam core sediments than the surface samples. XRD analysis supports intensive weathering and alteration leading to the higher TiO2 concentration. Higher percentage of ferric iron than ferrous iron in the core samples reveals that considerable weathering occurred under burial condition. SEM examination of ilmenite grains reveal the presence of solution pit, chemical leaching, corrosion and replacement textures, supporting the intense epigenetic alteration and weathering under subaerial condition and post- depositional changes by water–table condition.
Effect of gamma irradiation on mistletoe (Viscum album) lectin‐mediated toxicity and immunomodulatory activity
Authors: Sung Nak-Yun , Byun Eui-Baek , Song Du-Sup , Jin Yeung-Bae , Kim Jae-Kyung , Park Jong-Heum , Song Beom-Seok , Jung Pil-Mun , Byun Myung-Woo , Lee Ju-Woon , Park Sang-Hyun , Kim Jae-Hun
Published: January 2013

This study evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the reduction of the toxicity of mistletoe lectin using both in vitro and in vivo models. To extract the lectin from mistletoe, an (NH4)2SO4 precipitation method was employed and the precipitant purified using a Sepharose 4B column to obtain the pure lectin fraction. Purified lectin was then gamma‐irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy, or heated at 100 °C for 30 min. Toxic effects of non‐irradiated, irradiated, and heat‐treated lectins were tested using hemagglutination assays, cytotoxicity assays, hepatotoxicity, and a mouse survival test and immunological response was tested using cytokine production activity. Hemagglutination of lectin was remarkably decreased (P < 0.05) by irradiation at doses exceeding 10 kGy and with heat treatment. However, lectin irradiated with 5 kGy maintained its hemagglutination activity. The cytotoxicity of lectin was decreased by irradiation at doses over 5 kGy and with heat treatment. In experiments using mouse model, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were decreased in the group treated with the 5 kGy irradiated and heat‐treated lectins as compared to the intact lectin, and it was also shown that 5 kGy irradiated and heat‐treated lectins did not cause damage in liver tissue or mortality. In the result of immunological response, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL‐6) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the 5 kGy gamma‐irradiated lectin treated group. These results indicate that 5 kGy irradiated lectin still maintained the immunological response with reduction of toxicity. Therefore, gamma‐irradiation may be an effective method for reducing the toxicity of lectin maintaining the immune response.
Novel interaction of Rab13 and Rab8 with endospanins
Authors: Hirvonen Mirkka J. , Büki Kálmán G. , Sun Yi , Mulari Mika T.K. , Härkönen Pirkko L. , Väänänen Kalervo H.
Published: January 2013

Rab GTPases regulate vesicular traffic in eukaryotic cells by cycling between the active GTP‐bound and inactive GDP‐bound states. Their functions are modulated by the diverse selection of effector proteins that bind to specific Rabs in their activated state. We previously described the expression of Rab13 in bone cells. To search for novel Rab13 interaction partners, we screened a newborn rat bone marrow cDNA library for Rab13 effectors with a bacterial two‐hybrid system. We found that Rab13 binds to the C‐terminus of Endospanin‐2, a small transmembrane protein. In addition to Rab13 also Rab8 bound to Endospanin‐2, while no binding of Rab7, Rab10, Rab11 or Rab32 was observed. Rab13 and Rab8 also interacted with Endospanin‐1, a close homolog of Endospanin‐2. Rab13 and Endospanin‐2 colocalised in perinuclear vesicular structures in Cos1 cells suggesting direct binding also in vivo. Endospanin‐2 is implicated in the regulation of the cell surface growth hormone receptor (GHR), but the inhibition of Rab13 expression did not affect GHR cell surface expression. This suggests that the Rab13–Endospanin‐2 interaction may have functions other than GHR regulation. In conclusion, we have identified a novel interaction for Rab13 and Rab8 with Endospanin‐2 and Endospanin‐1. The role of this interaction in cell physiology, however, remains to be elucidated.
The sea urchin metallothionein system: Comparative evaluation of the SpMTA and SpMTB metal‐binding preferences
Authors: Tomas Mireia , Domènech Jordi , Capdevila Mercè , Bofill Roger , Atrian Sílvia
Published: January 2013

Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a superfamily of ubiquitous metal‐binding proteins of low molecular weight and high Cys content. They are involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification, amongst other proposed biological functions. Two MT isoforms (SpMTA and SpMTB) have been reported in the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), both containing 20 Cys residues and presenting extremely similar sequences, although showing distinct tissular and ontogenic expression patterns. Although exhaustive information is available for the Cd(II)‐SpMTA complex, this including the full resolution of its 3D structure, no data has been reported concerning either SpMTA Zn(II) and Cu(I) binding properties, or the characterization of SpMTB at protein level. In this work, both the SpMTA and SpMTB isoforms, as well as their separate α and β domains, have been recombinantly synthesized in the presence of Zn(II), Cd(II) or Cu(II), and the corresponding metal complexes have been analyzed using electrospray mass spectrometry, and CD, ICP‐AES and UV–vis spectroscopies. The results clearly show a better performance of isoform A when binding Zn(II) and Cd(II), and of isoform B when coordinating Cu(I). Thus, our results confirm the differential metal binding preference of SpMTA and SpMTB, which, together with the reported induction pattern of the respective genes, highlights how also in Echinodermata the MT polymorphism may be linked to the evolution of different physiological roles.
Political knowledge in Poland
Authors: Kunovich Robert M.
Published: January 2013

Using Polish panel data from 1998, 2003, and 2008, I examine people’s knowledge of the governing parties of the Sejm in 2003. I focus on ability, opportunity, and motivation to explain political knowledge. I also examine the effects of knowledge on changes in political attitudes and behaviors from 2003 to 2008. Major sources of political knowledge are prior political interest and the change in interest from 1998 to 2003, political experience, and cognitive ability. There also exists a substantial gender gap in knowledge. Finally, political knowledge leads to changes in political interest, alienation, democratic attitudes, and voting behavior.
Voting as a habit in new democracies – Evidence from Poland
Authors: Czesnik Mikolaj , Zerkowska-Balas Marta , Kotnarowski Michal
Published: January 2013

Among the wide range of theories explaining why some people vote and others do not, one is recently gaining particular popularity. This is the theory of voting as a habit (e.g. Plutzer, 2002; Franklin, 2004; Hooghe, 2004). The empirical evidence supporting this theory covers onlyWestern democracies, so the following question might be asked: is this pattern universal? In the case of old democracies, voting is a habit acquired gradually in a process which starts at the moment of the very first election one can cast the ballot. In new democracies the situation is different, as we can pinpoint the starting moment (first democratic election), which is the same for different voters and thus different age cohorts. In this paper we investigate voting as a habit in new democracies, using data from the Polish National Election Study. We find that voting in Poland has some habitual aspect; repeated voting brings about a (sort of) habit, which has an intrinsic, irreducible effect on voter turnout. We also find that habit of voting is formed likewise in all age cohorts.
Aboriginal Community Education Officers’ Border Work: Culturally Safe Practices for Supporting
Migrating Indigenous Students From Country into Urban and Semi-Rural Schools
Authors: MacGill Bindi
Published: January 2013

Since 2001 there has been an increase in migration patterns by Indigenous families from remote communities to
urban and semi-rural locations. Indigenous student emigration from remote Indigenous schools to urban and
semi-rural schools is an emerging crisis as there are routinely inadequate service providers for Indigenous
émigrés. Migration away from a particular location from which a person's ancestors, kin and Dreamings come
(henceforward named as Country) to semi-rural and urban locations raises many complex issues. This article
outlines Aboriginal Community Education Officers’ (ACEOs) role as support workers for Indigenous students who
utilise an Indigenous ethics of care framework as a support mechanism to aid the transition of Indigenous
students into new schools. The article draws on research undertaken between 2000–2008 (MacGill, 2008) in
conjunction with current literature in the field (Pearce, 2012) to highlight ACEOs’ border work and ethics of
care practices necessary for successful Indigenous student transitions as émigrés.
Improving Reading in Culturally Situated Contexts
Authors: Bennet Maria , Lancaster Julie
Published: January 2013

This article explores second year pre-service teachers’ ability to work with Indigenous students and their
families during a small-scale project conducted in an Indigenous community. Supported field placements offered
the pre-service teachers valuable opportunities to engage with the teaching of reading to Indigenous students
‘on their turf’. Given the high likelihood that pre-service teachers will be employed in schools with
Indigenous populations, it is important that they develop an understanding of the reading process, the factors
that impact on learning how to read, as well as cross-cultural aspects that affect the learning process.
Pre-service teachers need to develop understanding of the factors that impact on the literacy development of
students and how to engage them in culturally responsive pedagogical practices that focus on the positive
aspects of the learner. Following the field placement, analysis of the data demonstrated that pre-service
teachers were able to engage with the reading process through the use of running records, and develop field
knowledge through understanding the impact of relationships on the learning environment. This information can
be used by others to support field placements in Indigenous communities.
A Controversial Reform in Indigenous Education: The Cape York Aboriginal Australian Academy
Authors: McCollow John
Published: January 2013

This article examines a controversial initiative in Indigenous education: the establishment of the Cape York
Aboriginal Australian Academy (CYAAA). The article provides a brief description of the Academy's three
campuses and their communities and considers: the circumstances of its creation, including the role of Noel
Pearson and Cape York Partnerships; the rationale and philosophy underpinning the case for establishing the
Academy; implementation; and some key issues relevant to assessing this reform. These include its impact on a
range of performance measures, the veracity and power of the social and educational rationales on which the
reform is based, the use of ‘Direct Instruction’ (DI), and the practicability of extending and broadening the
reform. The time period considered is from late 2009 through 2011. The article draws on publications, and on
visits to campuses of the school and meetings/communications/discussions with personnel from the Queensland
Department of Education and Training (DET, now Department of Education, Training and Employment), Cape York
Partnerships, the CYAAA and others undertaken in the author's role as a teacher union officer.
‘For the Life of Me, I Can't See Why Those Students were Let Go on So Long’: Educating the Educators, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-Style
Authors: Plater Suzanne
Published: January 2013

In 2008, almost 40% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students enrolled in the Graduate Diploma in Indigenous Health Promotion at The University of Sydney failed to complete the course. Although this was not considered unusual when compared to previous years, the decision was made to investigate why so many students struggled to meet the expectations of a course that was pedagogically progressive, culturally affirming, taught by highly regarded academics and strongly supported by the university and its stakeholders. A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted, and many complex and interrelated issues were explored. One issue that was raised both unexpectedly and emphatically by almost half the study participants who completed the course was the unintentional stifling of individual student effort and achievement through the development of co-dependent relationships between academic staff and students. This article presents the data relevant to this particular issue, reflects on the findings, and outlines some of the strategies implemented since this study commenced that have contributed to a healthy completion rate of 98% over the past 3 years.
Indigenous Education 1991–2000: Documents, Outcomes and Governments
Authors: Gunstone Andrew
Published: January 2013

There is often a disparity in Indigenous Affairs between many documents, such as policies, reports and
legislation, and outcomes. This article explores this difference through analysing the policy area of
Indigenous education during the period of 1991 to 2000. I examine three key documents relating to Indigenous
education. These are the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy, the
Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Act (Cth)
and the report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. I then
analyse the abysmal outcomes of Indigenous education over this period, including educational access,
educational attainment, school attendance and reading benchmarks. I argue that the substantial educational
disadvantage experienced by Indigenous people is in stark contrast to the goals, policies and objectives
contained in the numerous documents on Indigenous education. I then explore the role of governments in
contributing to this disparity between documents and outcomes in Indigenous education, including their failure
to acknowledge the history of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relations, their lack of commitment to address
Indigenous educational disadvantage, their failure to recognise self-determination and the lack of cooperation
between governments to address Indigenous educational disadvantage.
THE DYNAMICS OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN THE NIGER BASIN, MALI
Authors: Camara Bakary
Published: January 2013

This article examines, through different processes of changing land use and land tenure, the various types of formal and informal contractual relations existing in two areas of the Niger Basin in southern Mali that are dominated economically by two parastatal companies: Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement du Textile (CMDT) and Office du Niger (ON). The article shows how the production interventions of these two companies shape the framework of land administration in the Niger Basin and the context in which customary relations operate, and lead to the commodification of land relations. It traces the various routes, contracts and arrangements through which people gain access to agricultural land. Besides describing the various transactions in land and contractual relationships, the article also analyses land leasing, sharecropping and various other ways of gaining secondary rights through prestations and loans. Finally, it describes the various land conflicts, the actors involved in making various claims on land and claims to land administration, and the institutions and institutional pluralism that emerge in conflict resolution. The article links these to the increasing commodification of land and agriculture, and the domination of policy by economic liberalism.
THE CRISIS OF PUBLIC POLICIES IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE: LAND LAW AND THE NATIONALITY TRAP IN TABOU'S RURAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Babo Alfred
Published: January 2013

This article explores the ways in which the Ivoirian Land Code of 1998 has played into political debates around national citizenship that have divided Ivoirian society since the 1990s. The attempts to reinterpret public policies on land and immigration have played a crucial role in exacerbating the political crisis of nationalism. When land was linked to nationality and indigeneity, the land question became significant in determining the boundaries of nationality, since to gain security in property rights Ivoirian nationality had to be proved. The article traces how land policy has been transformed from an inclusive framework that encouraged the rapid expansion of the cocoa and coffee frontiers in the 1970s to an exclusionary policy rooted in concepts of nationalism and autochthony, as land became increasingly scarce in the south-west. The Land Code of 1998 endorsed this nationalism, preventing foreigners and their descendants from owning land. Through an example of a conflict in Tabou in which Burkinabé migrants were ejected from the land, the article shows how customary land values have been recreated to take on nationalistic, xenophobic values, according to which ethnic identities become conflated with distinctions between ‘indigenous’ and ‘foreign’, and land relations are defined as between ethnic groups rather than being contractual relations between individuals belonging to different groups: thus social identities become more exclusive.
LAND REGIMES AND THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICS: PATTERNS OF LAND-RELATED CONFLICT
Authors: Boone Catherine
Published: January 2013

This article proposes an analytic framework to describe variation in forms of land-related conflict that emerge in widely varying circumstances and settings. Focusing on conflict among smallholders, the article suggests that these social processes can often be thought of as redistributive conflicts that are shaped by the land tenure regimes that govern land access and allocation. Land tenure regimes can be conceptualized schematically as constituted by rules about property, authority, jurisdiction and citizenship, and as differentiated along these dimensions. They define a locus of political authority over land rights at the local level, a territorial arena, social groups with different land rights and interests, and the distribution of political and economic powers and rights among them. These arrangements vary across space and over time, shaping the political arenas in which land rights are contested and producing different forms of land-related conflict. In many situations, these dimensions of land regimes are blurred, layered and changing, adding additional dimensions of complexity to land politics that the analysis proposed here may help to illuminate.
I.—The Scottish Carboniferous Crinoidea
Authors: Wright James
Published: January 2013

This memoir is the result of over thirty-nine years' work among the crinoids of the Scottish Carboniferous limestones. When I began the systematic collection of these fossils few records were noted in any publications dealing with Scottish geology, and in our national museums such as those of Edinburgh and Glasgow there were, and still are, comparatively few species represented. In the official memoirs of the Scottish Geological Survey, dealing with typical Carboniferous counties like Fife and the Lothians, little more than a dozen species are recorded. Some, if not most, of these records are of doubtful value.
II.—Cyclic Variations in the Vascular Architecture of the Uterus of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Bacsich P. , Wyburn G. M.
Published: January 2013

The phenomena of the cyclic changes in the human and other mammalian uteri have at all times been a subject arousing interest, inviting speculation, and stimulating investigation. It is therefore somewhat curious that from the plethora of literature concerned in great measure with the histological and physiological interpretations of these phenomena relatively little information is to be obtained concerning the part played by rhythmic variations of the vascular architecture.
I. Of certain Natural Appearances of the Ground on the Hill of Arthur's Seat
Authors: Hutton James
Published: January 2013

In summer 1776, Professor Ferguson observed a particular appearance on the hill of Arthur's Seat, near the summit, which drew his attention, and which he could not understand. He then carried Dr Black and me to the place, where we found something which, at a distance, resembled the withered grass of a foot-path, but which traversed a shoulder of the hill, in such a direction as corresponded to neither sheeptrack nor foot-path. Upon a near inspection, it appeared to be a narrow stripe of the grass quite dead and withered. The breadth of this stripe was about nine, or, in some places, twelve inches; the sides of this track were perfectly defined, without any gradation from green to withered grass, all the plants in the track being killed, without the contiguous part having suffered in the least. The length of this track was considerable, a hundred yards or two, extending from the south-east side of the southmost hill through a hollow, and ascending obliquely the shoulder of the summit of Arthur's Seat on the south-east side.
III. Description of a Mercurial Level
Authors: Keith Alexander
Published: January 2013

Figure I. is a section of the instrument formed of mahogany or boxwood. A A are two oblong square cavities connected together by a narrow close channel, running from the bottom of the one to the other. B B are two grooves hollowed out of the wood, in order to contain the fights, &c. They are shut up by a lid, which turns upon a screw-nail at the centre C, as may be seen more distinctly from fig. 4.
IV. Pathological Observations on the Brain
Authors: Anderson Thomas
Published: January 2013

The following observations may serve to illustrate and confirm the opinion now very generally adopted by Anatomists and Physicians, That an affection of one hemisphere of the brain, whether from internal disease or external accident, produces its morbid symptoms on the opposite side of the body.
V. Experiments on the Expansive Force of Freezing Water, made by Major Edward Williams of the Royal Artillery, at Quebec in Canada, in the years 1784 and 1785
Authors: Hutton Charles
Published: January 2013

Sir,

The following is an extract of a letter to me from Major Edward Williams, of the Royal Artillery, a learned man, and of great professional merit. Being at Quebec in some very cold winters, among various other ingenious experiments, it occurred to him to try the force of congelation in some of the iron bomb-shells, which are usually fired out of mortars in the practice of artillery; by filling the cavity of the shell with water, and then, having plugged up the fuze-hole, exposing it to the cold to freeze the water, in order to find whether the expansion of the ice would be capable of bursting the shell.
VI. Abstract of Experiments made to determine the True Resistance of the Air to the Surfaces of Bodies, of various figures, and moved through it with different degrees of velocity
Authors: Hutton Charles
Published: January 2013

The experiments from which the following are extracted, make part of a course, instituted at the Royal Military Academy, for determining the resistance of the air to a surface of any form whatever, either plane or curved, moved through it with any degree of velocity. I was induced to undertake these experiments, both for the improvement of my students in the Academy, and with a view to apply the conclusions derived from them towards perfecting the theory and practice of military projectiles, as well as other branches of natural philosophy, in which the pressure or resistance of fluids is concerned: Circumstances, concerning the laws of which, authors on the theory have widely differed; some making the pressure or resistance equal to the weight of a column, whose altitude is equal to the whole height due to the velocity, while others make the altitude very different, either the half or the double of that.
IX. An Account of a Distemper, by the common People in England vulgarly called the MUMPS
Authors: Hamilton Robert
Published: January 2013

The mumps, or what I beg leave to call angina maxillaris, is an epidemic disease of a very singular nature. It has appeared sometimes to be pretty general; but this has not been the case for many years in this place. It seems to be analogous to, if not the same distemper with that called the branks, by the common people in Scotland. In the general account of epidemics, in the first volume of the Medical Essays of Edinburgh, a disorder is mentioned which seems to have been a flight degree of that which is the subject of the following paper. I have had much practice in this disease, and indeed was once reduced to the utmost danger by it myself.
XV. A Dissertation on the Climate of Russia
Authors: Guthrie Matthew
Published: January 2013

In a paper published in the second volume of the second decade of the Medical Commentaries of Edinburgh, I mentioned a design of endeavouring to trace the influence of a cold climate on the human body and its diseases, which should form a contrast with the many accounts published of late years relative to the effects of hot climates; and I likewise mentioned my having given a detached piece, some years ago, as a commencement of the subject, in the fixty-eighth volume of the Philosophical Transactions of London, which contains matter necessary to illustrate some parts of the following Dissertation.
I. An Account of some Extraordinary Structures on the Tops of Hills in the Highlands; with Remarks on the Progress of the Arts among the ancient Inhabitants of Scotland
Authors: Tytler Alexander Fraser
Published: January 2013

In the year 1777, an account was published by Mr John Williams, mineral-engineer, of certain remains of ancient buildings on the summits of some of the hills in the Highlands of Scotland, which had hitherto escaped observation, and which to him afforded grounds for a very extraordinary supposition, That they had been cemented together by means of Fire. He mentioned several of those hills exhibiting remains of building, which he had visited and examined; particularly the hill of Knockfarril in Ross-shire, Craig-Phadrick near Inverness, Dun-Evan and Castle-Finlay in the county of Nairn, and the Castle-hill of Finhaven in the county of Angus. He described the vestiges of regular fortifications on the summits of those hills, of which the walls, remaining in some places of several feet in height, were evidently compacted together by the vitrification of the stones of which they were built; and he offered some ingenious conjectures with regard to the means employed in forming such extraordinary structures, and the purposes for which they might have been reared.
III. An Essay on Rythmical Measures
Authors: Young Walter
Published: January 2013

Man is formed to derive pleasure from a variety of different sources. Many of his pleasures are communicated by the channel of the external senses. Each of these has particular classes of objects that are suited to its gratification ; and these, being diffused in great abundance through the works of nature, or framed by the art and ingenuity of men, become to him a source of frequent and diversified enjoyment.
IV. On certain Analogies observed by the Greeks in the Use of their Letters; and particularly of the Letter ΣΙΓΜΑ
Authors: Dalzel Andrew
Published: January 2013

The power of pronouncing articulate sounds is one of the most obvious marks which distinguish man from the other animals. No philosophical investigation is necessary for pointing it out, and therefore it has not escaped the notice of the poets, the most ancient of all authors. In the works of Homer and Hesiod, we often meet with the expression μέϱοπες ἄνθϱωποι, men having an articulate voice; the word μέϱοψ being evidently compounded of μείϱω, to divide, and ὄψ, the voice.
VI. Theory of the Moods of Verbs
Authors: Gregory James
Published: January 2013

In the prosecution of certain philological and philosophical speculations, very ample specimens of which have already been submitted to the consideration of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, I had occasion to consider more minutely than I believe had ever been done before, many particulars relating to the nature, the structure, and the import of Verbs.