bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on Improving MTI Students’ Translation Competence in Project-Based Teaching
Authors: Xiao Lin , Li Xun
Published: November 2023

The present research taps into the development of a female Chinese MTI student’s translation competence in the course a medical English-Chinese translation project. Following a qualitative approach, we collected her various translation drafts, memos and interviews as the research data. By referring to the translation competence model containing five parts proposed by Zhang and Wang (2020), we conducted detailed analyses on her translation drafts and memos. It is found that her overall translation competence shows an upward trend, with her specialized knowledge competence and instrumental competence improving the most rapidly. Her linguistic abilities and cognitive abilities, particularly in translating complex sentences, have also demonstrated a significant progress. The interview transcripts have been used to explore her identification with the translator’s role. It is hoped that this study would contribute to discussion on translation competence development and shed light on project-based teaching for MTI programs in both China and the world.
Mg2+ Ions Stimulate both Helical Protoplast-Callose-Fiber Formation and Protoplast Division in a Mangrove Tree, Sonneratia caseolaris: Analysis of Sub-fibril Structures of PCF by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Oyanagi Tomoya , Hayashi Noriko , Hasegawa Ai , Sasamoto Hamako
Published: November 2023

The effects of four salts, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2, on protoplast division and protoplast-callose-fiber (PCF) formation were examined using suspension cultured cells of a mangrove tree, Sonneratia caseolaris. Basal medium was hormone-free Murashige & Skoog’s medium containing 0.8 M sorbitol and 3% sucrose. Addition of 50-100 mM of Mg2+ ions highly stimulated both cell division and PCF formation, while addition of Ca2+ ions was inhibitory. Addition of Na+ ions at 10-25 mM and K+ ions at 50-100 mM stimulated protoplast division but not PCF formation. Helical PCF rapidly elongated from a specific site of cell division plate after 3 days of culture. The β-1,3-glucan (callose) component of the protoplast-fibers was stained with Aniline Blue fluorescent dye and was re-certified enzymatically using laminarinase. After selecting the PCF using a micromanipulator, we analyzed the fibril- and sub-fibril- structures using laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We discuss the uniqueness of the PCF of S. caseolaris as compared to PCFs of several plants.
Rights of workers to disconnect globally
Authors: Agheniței Mihaela
Published: November 2023

The rights and principles for the digital decade, published by the EU Commission, Parliament and Council (European Declaration, 2023) are part of the statement that explicitly mentions the right to disconnection in its section on fair and just working conditions, where it is mentioned that the EU pledged to "ensure that everyone will be able to disconnect and benefit from guarantees of work-life balance in a digital environment".

However, in my opinion, it is a little too much to include this legislative power in the universal rule of law, because the rule of law is the highest general rule that summarizes social practice and guarantees the balance between the observance of rights and the fulfillment of rights. of duties. or if they are professions that require self-discipline, such as a investigating magistrate and a judicial police officer, they must complete an on-site investigation as quickly as possible, or a transparent agent to ensure that they are out. business hours.
Relasi Kuasa Antara Pimpinan Dan Barista Chord Café Tidar Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Febriyan Dwi Rachman  , Hilda Lolita  , Rizaldy Andy Wijaya
Published: November 2023

Cafes or also known as coffee places among today's society, especially teenagers. Cafes are used as a place to hang out and become a business to meet the needs of consumers. In this era of development, many cafes are competing to provide a comfortable place and atmosphere to attract customers, making it suitable as a place to relax, chat or gather. One example is Chord Cafe, this cafe is very strategically located so it is easy to reach and has a comfortable place. Chord Cafe also has many choices of coffee and non-coffee menus as well as snacks and heavy meals. This cafe has baristas who are very skilled in making various kinds of coffee and other drinks. As a fairly large cafe, Cord Cafe often holds live music, this is one way to attract customers to come to the café.
Analysis of The Influence of Market Share of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia: Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Indicators
Authors: Anggi Puspita Sari
Published: November 2023

The intention of this study is to examine how macroeconomic factors, microeconomic indicators, the NPF Nett ratio, and Third Party Funds (DPK) affect the growth of the market share of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2016 to 2023. The Financial Services Authority's Islamic Banking Statistics statistics are available on the official website www.ojk.go.id, which is the study's information source. One of the criteria utilized in this study is Islamic Commercial Banks that have constantly been registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) between 2016 and 2023. In this study, data are processed and Classical Assumptions are tested using the Least Square (LS) method. Research of this kind is quantitative. The results of this study indicate that the macroeconomic indicators are the inflation and interest rate variables, FDR, ROA, BOPO, and NPF Nett statistically have no influence, but implies that the NOM, CAR, and DPK variables statistically have influence on the market share of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in the period 2016-2023.
Keuangan Sosial Islam dalam Tinjuan Maqosid Syariah
Authors: Bakhri Saiful , Firdaus Salsabila
Published: November 2023

Islamic economics emerged as part of a larger project of Islamization in the field of economics. The Philanthropy is a concept that already exists in Islam, which aims for good. The effectiveness of philanthropy in efforts to reduce social inequality is inseparable from the role of philanthropic institutions that manage these activities. While the concept of maqasid sharia is the concept of benefit. And realizing benefit is the keyword for humans to recognize what is good for them. The rationale for benefit comes from the Qur'an and al-hadith, which are used by humans to create ijtihad and determine the idealized benefit in their lives and lives. Initially, the discourse on the concept of Maqashid Syariah was a separate sub-topic of the discipline of Ushul fiqh.
SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN DALAM MEMBANGUN REPUTASI DAN PENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Aprilianti Yuni , Sudadi Sudadi , Muadin Akhmad , Eka Mahmud Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Educational supervision is the main element in building the reputation and quality of education. This research aims to investigate whether educational supervision can serve as a vital instrument in maintaining accountability, enhancing the quality of learning, and preserving the reputation of educational institutions. This research employs a library research methodology. The findings of this study reveal the significant role of supervision in an educational context and outline several benefits it yields. Through the effective supervisory process, schools and educators can identify and address weaknesses in teaching methods, curriculum, and assessment. It not only improves the quality of education but also ensures compliance with national standards. Furthermore, educational supervision helps maintain a positive image of schools and educators, enhances customer satisfaction (students and parents), and makes a substantial contribution to building a strong reputation for education. Thus, educational supervision functions not only as a surveillance instrument but also as the key pillar in creating an outstanding and respected education system.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA ADMINISTRASI DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This study was quantitative research. The data collecting technique used questionnaires and documentation. The population in this study were permanent administration staff in STAI Sangatta total of 16. The hypothesis test used double linearity regression, t partial test, and F simultaneous test. This study revealed that: 1) there were positive impacts on leadership significantly on administration staffs’ performance in STAI Sangatta, this case was proved by thitung > ttabel (3.323 > 2.051) with a significant level of 0.027 ≤ 0.05.2. There were no positive impacts and welfare significantly on administration staff performance in STAI Sangatta, it was proved by thitung < ttabel (1.083 < 2.015) with a significant level of 0.288<0.05.3. There were no significant positive impacts on leadership and welfare of administration staff’s performance in STAI Sangatta. It was proved by Fhitung < Ftabel (2.675 < 3.33) with a determinant coefficient of 0.160. it meant its impact of 16% in a very low category. While 84% had been influenced by other factors. The conclusion of this study leadership and welfare did not significantly influence the administration staff’s performance in STAI Sangatta East Kutai simultaneously.
The Implementation of E-Governance Initiatives Plays a Crucial Role in Ensuring the Realization of a Digital Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur
Published: November 2023

The ideas of e-governance and Digital Bangladesh are intricately interconnected. E-governance pertains to the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) with the aim of enhancing the provision of government services to the general populace. Digital Bangladesh, on the other hand, is a vision for a technologically advanced society where ICT is used to foster a knowledge-based environment and improve the lives of all citizens. The implementation of e-governance initiatives plays a crucial role in ensuring the realization of a Digital Bangladesh. By providing citizens with convenient and efficient access to government services online, e-governance can help to reduce corruption, improve transparency, and promote accountability. It can also help to bridge the digital divide and make government services more accessible to all citizens, regardless of their location or socioeconomic status. In order to realize Digital Bangladesh, the government of Bangladesh is dedicated to e-governance. A number of e-governance initiatives have already been implemented, such as the National Portal, the Digital Center Network, and the One Stop Service (OSS) Centers. These initiatives have made it easier for citizens to access a wide range of government services online, such as paying taxes, applying for passports, and registering businesses. Nevertheless, certain obstacles must be confronted to effectively achieve the goal of Digital Bangladesh. One challenge is the lack of digital literacy among a large section of the population. Another challenge is the need to improve the reliability and affordability of internet access. Furthermore, it is essential to devise and execute e-governance initiatives that are customized to cater to the distinct requirements of various segments of the population, including those experiencing poverty, the elderly, and those with disabilities. Despite the challenges, the government of Bangladesh is making significant progress in the implementation of e-governance and the realization of Digital Bangladesh. The adoption and execution of e-governance projects are significantly benefiting both individuals and companies across the nation. The primary objective of this study is to examine the many programs and efforts implemented by the Government of Bangladesh in its pursuit of establishing Digital Bangladesh. To conduct a comprehensive and thorough study, the following goals have been identified: To get information about the initiatives. To analyze the roles of the programs.
Investimentos em bolsa de valores: um olhar sob a perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico
Authors: Dos Santos Vinicius Pereira , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes
Published: November 2023

Investimentos em bolsa de valores são essenciais para o funcionamento saudável de um país, ajudando no crescimento econômico, na geração de novos empregos e renda, seja ela vinculada aos empregos gerados ou ao retorno dos investimentos realizados. Investidores individuais, as pessoas físicas, podem fazer uso dessa modalidade de investimento para construírem uma renda através dos retornos oferecidos ou apenas para auferir lucros, contudo, no Brasil a quantidade de pessoas que participam é muito pequena. Estudos sobre a participação das pessoas nesse tipo de investimento, buscam analisar o processo de tomada de decisão do investidor para entender como escolhem o investimento a ou b, ou seja, assumem que já há alguma pré-disposição para ação, usando abordagens positivista no método de pesquisa. Neste ensaio teórico será apresentado uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades da abordagem interacionista simbólica para a compreensão do processo decisório das pessoas frente diante da possibilidade de iniciar investimentos em bolsa de valores.
Democracia em disputa: uma década das manifestações de junho de 2013
Authors: Da Silva Priscila Kalinke , Da Rocha Anderson Alves , Castanheira Karol Natasha Lourenço
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo criar uma historicidade a partir de eventos políticos que permearam a última década pós manifestações de junho de 2013 e examinar a condição de visibilidade de pautas conservadoras e a ascensão de uma extrema-direita militante no Brasil. O texto recorreu a pesquisas documentais, registros de imprensa e bibliografias de pesquisadores que investigaram os acontecimentos do tempo presente. Concluiu-se que as mobilizações populares ressignificaram as formas de atuação da direita, marcada por uma linha ultraconservadora, ativista e antipetista, capaz de eclodir no processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, na prisão de Lula e na consagração de Jair Bolsonaro como presidente do país, mas que apesar da sua força no espectro político, foi incapaz de se manter a frente das eleições majoritárias de 2022, que levaram Lula ao seu terceiro mandato como presidente do Brasil.
Obesity, Dietary Habits, and Body Image Perception in College Students at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
Authors: Sulthonah Nufus , Marsyidah Syifa , Kurnia Riska , Putri Widiya , A'yun Qurratu , Angelina Nur Riva , Apriliany Bella , Fahrezi Raihan , Hidayatullah Owen
Published: November 2023

Central obesity is a condition of excess fat accumulation in the abdomen. Lifestyle factors such as consuming high-fat foods, low fiber intake, and low physical activity can contribute to central obesity. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of obesity, dietary habits, and body image perception in college students at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This quantitative study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in the Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, UNTIRTA, in November 2022.The population of the study was students of the Nutrition Study Program, batch 2020-2022, with a total of 121 students. A sample of 80 students was selected using a total sampling method. The results of the study showed that central obesity in college students was mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as not following a healthy lifestyle, unhealthy eating patterns, and low physical activity. Of the respondents, 67 (80.72%) did not follow a healthy lifestyle, while 13 (15.66%) followed a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet. Most respondents (66.27%) had the habit of consuming fast food, with a frequency of consumption of 3 times per week in 24.1% of cases. The majority of respondents (63.86%) did not have the habit of exercising. These findings suggest that unhealthy lifestyle factors are major contributors to central obesity in college students of nutrition at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University.
Matching Learning Strategies in Online Group Collaboration with Cognitive Differences across Disciplines
Authors: Luo Siyuan , Feng Leshan
Published: November 2023

This research investigates the dynamics of online group collaboration within Chinese universities, focusing on the current state of online learning platforms and the associated challenges and opportunities. Delving into cognitive differences across disciplines, the study seeks to understand cognitive diversity and extract disciplinary insights. The core of the research lies in proposing a framework for matching learning strategies in online group collaboration, considering the diverse cognitive profiles present in various disciplines. Challenges in the implementation of these strategies are explored, providing insights to address potential obstacles. The study concludes with reflections on the significance of tailored learning strategies and considerations for effective implementation in online collaborative environments.
Teacher Practices and Student Language Proficiency: Insights from CLIL Classrooms in China
Authors: Xu Qisi
Published: November 2023

This research provides a comprehensive exploration of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Chinese educational settings, with a specific focus on teacher practices and their impact on student language proficiency. The study investigates key aspects of CLIL implementation, teacher strategies, and student language outcomes. It offers insights into effective CLIL practices, professional development needs for educators, and policy considerations for policymakers. The findings contribute valuable knowledge to the discourse on bilingual and multilingual education, aiming to inform stakeholders for the successful integration of CLIL programs in diverse educational contexts.
Transformation of Perceived Social Equity Among Chinese Residents: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Age-Period-Cohort Model
Authors: Wang Qijun
Published: November 2023

This study employs the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model to explore the mechanisms and trends of perceived social equity among Chinese residents. The analysis draws on data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted in 2010, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2021, focusing on issues related to perceived social equity. The study reveals an upward trend in perceived social equity among Chinese residents over the past decade, with economic development serving as a significant driving force. However, examination of the cohort effect indicates two peaks (in the 1940s and mid-1980s) and a trough (in the 1950s-1970s). Furthermore, the urban-rural disparity, influenced by the household registration system, emerged in the mid-1960s and gradually widened. However, in the early 21st century, accelerated urbanization and increased efforts in rural revitalization led to a sudden narrowing of the cohort gap between urban and rural areas. The study also finds that individuals with higher education tend to have a relatively higher sense of social equity. However, since the 1980s cohort, expansion of higher education enrollment has reduced this difference.
Análisis comparado entre Uruguay, España y Ecuador, de los sistemas de Evaluación y Acreditación de la calidad en educación superior
Authors: Brotóns Muró Luis Francisco , Tur Porres Gisselle
Published: November 2023

En Iberoamérica existen múltiples investigaciones que dan cuenta de procesos de evaluación y calidad en educación superior, pero estaría faltando un análisis comparado que permita visualizar un formato que pudiese aplicarse a Uruguay. Esta investigación desarrolla un análisis documental comparativo de tres países, sobre políticas públicas, y normativa vigente de evaluación y acreditación de la calidad en educación superior con el objetivo de promover debate e insumos para pensar la calidad de la educación superior en Iberoamérica y contribuir a generar un modelo adaptado para el mejoramiento de la calidad en Uruguay. La estrategia metodológica es una revisión de información documental de sitios oficiales de cada uno de los países, organismos nacionales e internacionales, y repositorio de artículos e investigaciones sobre el tema en la región. Como resultado de este análisis comparativo, se identifican diferentes modelos que contribuyan al mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación y acreditación de la calidad en Uruguay. La presente investigación fue presentada en un XIX Foro Internacional sobre la evaluación de la calidad de la investigación y la educación superior (Fecies, 2022) y publicado un resumen como avance de la presente investigación. (Brotóns Muró, L.F. y Tur Porres, G. 2022).  La investigación contribuye al debate sobre la adecuación y/o mejora del Instituto Nacional de Acreditación y Evaluación de la Educación Terciaria (Inaeet), que fue aprobado en Uruguay en el año 2019 pero quedó inactivo desde su fundación.
Painful Non-healing Wounds In A 97-Year-Old Patient: Could It Be Angiosomal?
Authors: Ott Carol , Ayoo Kennedy , Moser Andrea , Papia Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

97-year-old female resident of a long-term care facility presented to the Wound Care Clinic with two painful ulcers on her left foot that appeared in the previous two months. She was referred to a Vascular Surgeon six months into treatment as the wounds were not healing and continued to cause pain. This case report looks at some of the issues involved in managing this complex patient.
Investigation of Fault Activation Mechanisms in Carbon (CO2) Storage
Authors: Mortazavi A. , Maratov T.
Published: November 2023

Due to heavy industrialization and ongoing fossil fuel burning, CO2 emissions have been a major contributor to climate change and enhanced greenhouse gases. The growing public concern motivates considerable study towards discovering an efficient technique of managing and lowering the emission amounts, and CO2 collection and subterranean storage have been presented as viable alternative. In order to assess the geomechanical behavior of the multilayered In Salah CO2 storage site, a two-dimensional finite element model of fault activation processes in the context of CO2 storage was conducted. It is 4 km wide and 2 km deep and includes the key domains and formations (overburden, main caprock, lower caprock, and underburden). The simulation results suggest that the influence of fault reactivation under base pressure of 32 MPa causes peak vertical deformation of 0.044 m in the caprock and 0.015 - 0.020 m displacement at the surface layers. The obtained modelling results are in agreement with InSAR monitoring results conducted at the site. The geomechanical model was moderately sensitive to a decrease in the effective stress ratio and fault dip angle. The scenario with k = 0.5 performed a considerable displacement reduction compared to the benchmark run. The simulation with a 30° fault angle demonstrated a more pessimistic outcome with a larger displacement field, which could heighten the risks associated with the low-angle faults in the areas of high horizontal stress distribution.
Poroelastic and Thermoelastic Considerations in Maximum Horizontal Stress Determination from Wellbore Failures
Authors: Li Qiuguo
Published: November 2023

It has been challenging to determine the magnitude of maximum horizontal stress in oil and gas reservoirs. A commonly used method of determining maximum horizontal stress is through the prediction of drilling-induced wellbore failures and matching them with observations. Wellbore failure prediction requires the calculation of near-wellbore stresses which are affected not only by the initial pore pressure and far-field stresses but also by the pressure and temperature in the wellbore. Poroelasticity and thermoelasticity are applied to investigate the impact of wellbore pressure and wellbore temperature on the distribution of near-wellbore stresses and wellbore failures. Equations of critical maximum horizontal stress for creating drilling-induced fracture and wellbore breakout, considering poroelastic effect, thermoelastic effect and uncoupled porothermoelastic effect are derived. These equations are used in two examples to illustrate how consideration of poroelastic, thermoelastic and porothermoelastic effects can help constrain the range of maximum horizontal stress. It is also demonstrated that wellbore stability in wellbores of different orientations can help constrain the range of rock strength and in-situ stresses.
Optimization of Re-fracturing Completion Design Parameters: Bakken Case Study
Authors: Dehdouh Abdesselem , Mellal Ilyas , Bettir Nassima , Rasouli Vamegh , Houdaifa Khalifa , Ahmed Kareb
Published: November 2023

Re-fracturing has been suggested to address the rapid decline of oil production in the Bakken Formation. Creating new fractures between the pre-existing ones allows access to the unstimulated reserves and consequently increases production. This study aims to optimize the completion design parameters of the Re-fracturing in the Bakken formation. A numerical model was built using a physics-based simulator that combines hydraulic fracturing, geomechanics, and reservoir numerical modeling as a continuous simulation. The study conducted sensitivity analyses to evaluate the effect of different completion parameters on the re-fractured well performance, including the time between the initial fracture stimulation and re-fracturing, the injection volume of the re-fracturing fluid, and the design of the re-fracturing treatment to achieve better oil production performances. The study found that the re-fracturing operations can lead to promising results, with a significant increase in the incremental oil recovery. Overall, the outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for optimizing re-fracturing operations in the Bakken formation and similar unconventional reservoirs. It shows how the depleted zone affects the propagation of new fractures beyond the depleted area. As a result of this study, higher injection volumes with moderate fracture spacing and shorter time before refracturing resulted in a better performance.
Complex Well-Interferences During Multi-Wells Hydraulic Fracturing in Sichuan Deep Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Tang Xuanhe , Zhu Haiyan , He Yongsheng , Yang Haixin , Hu Yongzhang , Ci Jianfa , Zhong Jingmin , Wu Jianzhong , Lin Shili
Published: November 2023

As the first deep shale gas block in China, Weirong gas shale is characterized with complicated geological structures, heterogeneous natural fractures distribution, high geo-stress and high horizontal stress difference. Multi types of frac-hits were monitored in under the well spacing of 400 m, including frac-hit to the adjacent well, frac-hit to the multi-wells in same pad, frac-hit to the wells in different pads with the distance of over 1000 m. To investigate the mechanism of these frac-hits, an integrated DFN-FEM numerical model is built for multi-wells hydraulic fracturing. Involved with the field data, some conclusions can be drawn based on the simulation hydraulic fractures and induced stresses: (1) Due to the strong inducing effect of discontinuities, the high density of natural fractures or large size fault plays the main role on multi-wells frac-hit; (2) the frac-hit is enhanced with a larger induced stress range under a smaller natural fracture stiff-ness; (3) a stronger frac-hit can be detected with the shale of a lower cohesion and internal friction angle; (4) different fracturing sequences among multi wells present different induced stress among wells, the staggered fracturing sequence can highly weaken the frac-hit (5) the different injection parameters (injection intensity, injection rate, fluid viscosity, etc) mainly affect the frac-hit magnitude, merely change the frac-hit type.
Geomechanical Evaluation of an Offshore Salt Cavern for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Brouard B. , Delahaye S. , Su K. , Pichat A.
Published: November 2023

In the frame of the energy transition, producing hydrogen offshore is more and more considered as an efficient and competitive way to transport energy from remote wind farms to the continent and scenarios were hydrogen production, transport and storage facilities are set in the offshore are being investigated. Salt cavities could be developed in the Zechstein and offer large storage capacities to accommodate the high intermittency of wind-farms activity and hydrogen production. In such context, TotalEnergies-OneTech conducted a feasibility study for an offshore storage in Netherland, assessing the technical challenges but also the efficiency and durability of salt cavity facing high frequency injection and withdrawal rates. This paper presents a geomechanical study that was carried out with the aim of answering several questions relating to the design and thermomechanical behaviour of a cavern during its operation. One objective of this study was also to simulate the most severe accident that could occur, namely a blowout.
Drilling Challenges and New Opportunities to Discover and Develop Geothermal Sector in the Middle East – Saudi Arabia: Jizan and Al Lith Area Case Studies
Authors: Kauffman Demond , Bageri Mohammed , Cullum Daryl
Published: November 2023

This paper reviews the potential for geothermal energy development in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on the Jizan and Al Lith regions. Saudi Arabia has favorable geology for geothermal, including young volcanic rocks and fractured basement rocks. However, drilling geothermal wells presents challenges like high temperatures, lost circulation due to fractured formations, and environmental regulations. The paper analyzes data on fracture dimensions from Al Lith, Jizan, Tuscany (Italy), and the Geysers (USA). The average fracture width in Al Lith is 20 mm and in Jizan is 0.1-1.5 mm. Lost circulation causes significant non-productive time (NPT) in geothermal drilling worldwide. The paper provides recommendations for lost circulation materials based on fracture widths. Case studies from successful geothermal drilling in Tuscany and the Geysers are presented. The Geothermal Specific Fluid (GSF) system used in these regions is proposed for Saudi Arabia, as lab tests show it can withstand temperatures in excess of 480°C. The paper concludes that with careful planning and technology transfer, the geothermal potential of Saudi Arabia can be unlocked, helping diversify its energy mix.
Optimizing Refracturing Models in Tight Oil Reservoirs: An Integrated Workflow of Geology and Engineering Based on Four-Dimensional Dynamic Stress Field
Authors: Ren Jiawei , Mu Lijun , Li Xiangping , Bai Jianwen , Mao Zhenyu , Gong Yiwen , Liu Chuxi , Yu Wei , Miao Jijun , Chen Junbin , Zhao Edward
Published: November 2023

Integrated modelling of refracturing is a comprehensive and complex task for engineers involved in field development, especially in previously developed mature fields. The modelling process requires consideration of numerous factors to accurately predict fracture propagation patterns during refracturing and production. During the initial fracturing process, hydraulic fractures generate an altered induced stress field. Later, during the post-fracturing production process, hydrocarbon extraction causes formation pore pressure depletion, leading to further alterations in the stress field. However, due to the complexity of these phenomena, most existing workflows simplify the coupled simulation problems of stresses at different stages in the modeling process. Consequently, this often results in questionable hydraulic fracture geometries during refracturing and suboptimal refracturing designs.

The goal of this study is to develop a novel integrated workflow for refracturing, specifically tailored for complex fracture networks. This model incorporates the hydraulic fracture propagation process during the initial fracturing and dynamic stress changes during the initial production process. It employs artificial intelligence algorithms to calibrate the wellhead treating pressure using physics-based model, enabling a better understanding of the initial fracturing fracture geometries. The production history match is then conducted based on the initially calibrated hydraulic fracture geometries, preserving the precision of the original fracture geometry. Additionally, geomechanics modeling is conducted to obtain dynamic stress changes during the initial production process. For the refracturing design, the fracture propagation model for the refracturing process is later conducted on the depleted stress field. Following a 240-day period after refracturing, the production history is matched using an artificial intelligence-assisted reservoir simulator. Our results indicate that due to prolonged production, significant changes occur in the stress field during the initial development period, with an average horizontal stress deviation angle of approximately 35 degrees in the near-well zone. With the combined influence of the changing stress field and natural fractures, refracturing results in longer and more complex hydraulic fractures geometries, ultimately increasing individual well production.
UPVC Test Design, Interpretation, and Simulation for Compaction and Subsidence
Authors: Kusolsong S. , Adisornsupawat K. , Mohamad-Hussein A.
Published: November 2023

In the field which exhibit relatively high rate of compaction and subsidence, rock mechanics laboratory testing is crucial to explain the rock deformation during production period. In the studied field, the conventional core is planned for different rock mechanics testing, and uniaxial pore volume compressibility (UPVC) tests were allocated for understanding behavior of rock compressibility. With limited core availability, 8 samples were planned for the test. There are several failure criteria that can be used to describe reservoir compaction in the carbonate reservoir, critical state is one of them. Critical state failure criterion was used to represent the behavior of rock at field scale geomechanical modelling as most of input parameters can be derived from the laboratory tests. With limited knowledge of how UPVC test should be designed to provide the interpretation for collapse pressure, hardening parameter, the first version of UPVC stress path cannot reveal the on-set of pore collapse during the core depletion. The UPVC test was then re-designed, and the results show the clear evidence of pore collapse behavior which varies with porosity. Due to limited sample, the collapse pressure can be interpreted only in a limited range of porosity. With uncertainty of the laboratory measurement, the relationship between hardening parameters and the reservoir property e.g., porosity cannot be derived. With all UPVC test results, the collapse pressure as a function of porosity can be derived. To ensure that the interpreted parameters for critical state criterion can mimic the stress-strain relationship during UPVC test, finite element modelling using “single element simulation” was used for the model validation. This simulation will simulate the rock deformation during laboratory test at core scale, both in elastic regime and yielding. With proper failure criterion and provided input parameters, the single element simulation can mimic the actual stress strain relationship during laboratory test and provide the confidence of using those input parameters and criterion later in the field scale geomechanical modelling and simulation.
Characterization of Maximum Horizontal Stress from Wellbore Failures – A Case Study from the Tight Paleozoic Hamra Quartzite Oil Reservoir of Oued Mya Basin, Algeria
Authors: Baouche Rafik , Sen Souvik , Benmamar Salim , Perumalla Satya
Published: November 2023

The Cambro-Ordovician Hamra Quartzite Formation is one of the important reservoirs from Algerian Sahara. The objectives of this study were to characterize the wellbore breakouts and constrain the maximum horizontal stress (Shmax) based on the inferred compressive failures within the Paleozoic reservoir. A-Quality breakouts were deciphered within the reservoir interval from a cumulative of 138m of acoustic image log indicating a mean SHmax orientation of N118˚E±8˚. Interpreted breakout widths exhibit a range between 32.6˚ and 90.81˚, which indicated a SHmax range of 24.4-34.7 MPa/km. The average breakout width of 62.58˚ translates to a SHmax gradient range of 27.2 and 31.2 MPa/km. The relative magnitudes of the principal stresses indicate a strong strike-slip tectonic stress state with a SHmax/Shmin ratio of 1.41-1.81 within the Ordovician interval. Following the frictional faulting-based stress polygon approach, measurement of minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) from minifrac tests and observations of compressive failures from acoustic image log provided strong constraints on the SHmax magnitude in the studied Ordovician tight reservoir interval in the absence of core-measured rock strength.
A Machine Learning Framework for Quality Assurance and Prediction of Well Trajectory Deviations
Authors: Khalifa H. , Tomomewo O. S. , Benarbia A. , Dehdouh A. , Berrehal B. E.
Published: November 2023

Hole deviation in drilling, influenced by geological formations and drilling mechanics, brings about increased operational costs, boundary disputes, collision risks, and safety concerns. Traditional measurement tools, susceptible to magnetic interference, often produce skewed readings. In addressing this challenge, our research introduces an ML model leveraging data from gyro runs, which are immune to magnetic interferences. After processing a comprehensive dataset of geophysical well log parameters, various ML models were trained. The Random Forest Classifier emerged as the most efficient, boasting a 97% accuracy rate. To validate its robustness, the model underwent a blind test on two distinct new wells, achieving an overall accuracy of 89%, further underscoring its reliability. This model, aptly named "Path Guard", was subsequently deployed as a user-friendly web application, offering the industry an accessible tool for predicting drilling path deviations. Through the integration of artificial intelligence and data science into drilling and geomechanics, our approach not only enhances current operations but also paves the way for potential real-time, automated systems in drilling deviation management.
Using ELFEN-Horizon To Assess the Geomechanical Response of ExxonMobil’s GoM ST54 Field Due to CO2 Injection
Authors: Davies D. L. , Bere A. , Mahadevan S. , Parfitt D. , Garai A.
Published: November 2023

ExxonMobil’s GoM ST54 (South Timbalier Block 54) is used as a benchmark problem to assess the geomechanical response due to CO2 injection. The problem looks to evaluate various modelling capabilities such as geometry preparation, geostatic equilibration, surface heave and fault slip due to injection. Modelling efficiency and post processing capabilities are other key features that are assessed by the problem. This paper aims to share the knowledge gained from modelling an industry scale CO2 injection operation using an efficient finite element (FE) modelling workflow using ELFEN-Horizon. All modelling inputs such as material properties, initial stress state with horizontal stress anisotropy and azimuth considerations were supplied in the form of ECLIPSE grids. A key feature of the model is that is uses the ECLIPSE grid (including the degenerated hex elements) as the FE mesh, since this is water-tight geometry including discrete faults. The model efficiently establishes a pre-injection geostatic equilibrium including development of contact stresses across the fault network. Thereafter the model simulates the CO2 injection and shut-in phases. The injection induces a low level fault slip (<10mm) and a surface uplift (~12mm).
Novel Fresh Water-Based Mud System in Highly Reactive Shale Formation: Experimental and Case Studies
Authors: Ba Geri Mohammed , Kauffman Demond , Cullum Daryl
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates a novel water-based mud (NWBM) system for drilling in reactive shale formations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of NWBM with the Novel Polymeric Additive (NPA). Tests measured rheology, shale swelling, and high temperature/high pressure (HTHP) filtration loss. The results showed that NWBM with NPA significantly reduced mud filtration loss by over 78% compared to traditional water-based mud (TWBM). It also inhibited shale swelling by 40% and increased the rate of penetration by 28%. A case study in Bahrain demonstrated the successful field application of NWBM in reactive anhydrite formations. Despite wellbore stability challenges, the NWBM system enabled faster drilling with zero non-productive time (NPT). This research indicates that NWBM with NPA is a promising drilling fluid for reactive shale drilling. It can enhance drilling performance, reduce risks, and achieve operational efficiency. Further work is needed to optimize NWBM formulations for specific shale plays and evaluate environmental impacts. Field trials in different shale formations will help demonstrate the technology. This study provides a comprehensive overview of NWBM for drilling in reactive shales. The fluid system has great potential to overcome issues like wellbore instability, fluid loss, and NPT in challenging shale wells.
Three-Dimensional Visualization of a Complex Fracture Network Formed by True-Triaxial Testing
Authors: Wu P. S. , Abdelaziz A. , Grasselli G.
Published: November 2023

Serial-sectioned images were three-dimensionally reconstructed to visualize the fracture network within an outcropped cube, sourced from the Montney Formation, the largest unconventional natural gas resource in Canada, that was hydraulically fractured in the lab under conditions similar to real field operations. Following the experiment, the fractured cube was saturated with fluorescent materials to distinguish the fracture network from the rock matrix and provide common spatial references for a modified serial-sectioning and photographing method using ultraviolet light. The obtained serial-sectioned images underwent image processing, distortion removal calibration, and image registration for three-dimensional visualization, including reconstruction and segmentation. The results highlighted the significant influence of bedding planes and rock anisotropy on the generated fracture network geometry. These observations have important implications on the evaluation of the stimulated rock volume, as well as on completion strategies, as preferential opening of bedding planes might result in horizontal intra-well connectivity and increase parent-child interactions.
Monitoring Ultrasonic Velocity of Late Jurassic Carbonate Rocks Saturated by Brine and Supercritical CO2 Using Coda Wave Analysis
Authors: Perbawa A. , Chandra V. , Vahrenkamp V.
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on monitoring the velocity of carbonate rocks saturated with brine and supercritical CO2 using a triaxial apparatus. The main objective is to investigate the effects of these fluids on the geophysical properties of carbonate rocks. The specimens were obtained from the Late Jurassic Arab-D formation outcropping in Wadi Daqlah, north of Riyadh, central KSA. This outcrop serves as an analog for the prolific Arab-D subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs. Ultrasonic transducers were utilized to monitor P and S wave velocities across various stages, including isotropic loading, brine injection, CO2 heating, and the transition from brine to supercritical CO2 fluids. We used coda wave analysis to obtain more accurate first arrival times of ultrasonic data. P and S wave velocities increase with effective stress following a power function. Temperature decreases elastic moduli more than the reduction of bulk mass density. This results in slower P and S wave velocities. P wave velocity drops rapidly for brine-saturated rock that is invaded by supercritical CO2, due to a sudden reduction of elastic properties. Our study demonstrates the complexity of velocity changes resulting from variable fluid saturations, mass densities and elastic moduli.
Geomechanics Analysis for High Breakdown Pressure of Deep Tight Sandstone Formation: A Case Study
Authors: Kong Hui , Wang Rong , Cheng Ning , Hu Shimeng , Jiang Fumin , Wei Chaoyang , Hu Zhongyu , Sheng Mao
Published: November 2023

Deep tight sandstone gas resources over 4000 m have become an important unconventional natural gas in Junggar Permian Basin, China. Multistage hydraulic fracturing on exploratory wells were used to create the complicate fracture network in the reservoir. However, the high formation breakdown pressure has become a major problem to reach a successful hydraulic fracturing. The wellhead pressure easily exceeds the allowable maximum pressure. This paper proposes a workflow to identify the major reasons for the high breakdown pressure of deep tight sandstone formation and confirms the downhole mechanical-specific energy model can be used to identify the engineering sweet spots. First, we re-visited the available data from one of the pioneer horizontal well H01 in the target play and collected 12 cores from the formation for a comprehensive geomechanics analysis of high fracture pressures and strong heterogeneity, focusing on rock strength, natural fracture density, and reservoir permeability. Results indicate that the fracturing fluid filtration coefficients of the rock matrix in target layer are very small in the range of 10-5m/s1/2, which makes a low permeable formation. G function analysis shows that natural fractures are not developed in the hard-fracturing stage of well H01, the fracture shape is simple. Besides, the downhole mechanical specific energy in this stage was calculated and higher than that in other stages. The present results confirm the major reasons of high breakdown pressure of deep tight sandstone formation, including the impermeable rock matrix, less natural fractures, and high rock mechanical strength.
Predicting Rate of Penetration Using the Dual Seq2Seq Model
Authors: Pan Tao , Li Zhen , Zhang Chengkai , Song Xianzhi , Zhu Lin , Yan Zhi , Zhu Zhaopeng , Sun Yuan , Ni Pengbo
Published: November 2023

Machine learning models have made significant strides in efficiently and accurately predicting rate of penetration (ROP) recently. Traditional machine learning models primarily rely on time-series parameters like the weight on bit, et al. while often overlooking non time-series features such as tool combinations. This study proposes an intelligent ROP prediction method based on a dual-input sequence-to-sequence model (Dual-S2S), which simultaneously considers both temporal and non-temporal factors to achieve accurate ROP predictions. First, time-series features, as well as non-time-series features are elaborately selected to serve as model inputs. Then, the natural language processing technique is employed to represent non time-series features and reduce the dimensionality. Next, to solve the lag of time-series model in long-series prediction, the differences in ROP are treated as the prediction target to calibrate the model. Finally, five field drilling datasets are used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the Di-S2S model. The results indicate that the Di-S2S model surpasses traditional time-series models such as GRU and LSTM in terms of prediction accuracy, with average relative errors reduced by approximately 8% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, the incorporation of ROP differences for calibration further reduces the average relative error by approximately 4%. The proposed Di-S2S model exhibits a high level of predictive accuracy and offers valuable insights for optimizing the drilling process and enhancing drilling efficiency.