bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Going beyond children's single‐text comprehension: The role of fundamental and higher‐level skills in 4th graders’ multiple‐document comprehension
Authors: Florit Elena , Cain Kate , Mason Lucia
Published: May 2019

Background

Children's comprehension of single texts relies on both foundational and higher‐level skills. These are also assumed to support multiple‐document comprehension, but their relative importance has not been examined, to date. Multiple‐document comprehension additionally requires the identification and use of information about each document's source.

Aims

This study examined multiple‐document comprehension in primary school‐aged children. It sought to determine the relative importance of skills proposed to be common to both single‐text and multiple‐document comprehension (word reading fluency, verbal working memory, comprehension monitoring) and specific to the latter (source use). Single‐text comprehension and prior topic knowledge were considered as moderator and control.

Sample

Participants were 94 children in the fourth year (mean age = 9; 7 years; 52% females).

Methods

Children read three documents on each of two topics (chocolate and video games). Multiple‐document comprehension and source use were assessed through short essays. Independent measures of the fundamental and higher‐level skills were used.

Results

There was a significant direct and indirect influence of word reading fluency on comprehension of multiple documents on videogames and also an indirect influence of comprehension monitoring. Indirect influences of word reading fluency and comprehension monitoring on multiple‐document comprehension for both topics were also apparent. Verbal working memory was not a unique predictor. When source information was identified, it was included to support the argument in the composition.

Conclusions

Efficient word reading, comprehension monitoring, and single‐text comprehension are important for multiple‐document comprehension in young readers. Implications of these findings and differences between the two document sets are discussed.
Determination of the dye penetration rate in porous aluminum oxide using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Matijošius Tadas , Asadauskas Svajus J. , Bikulčius Gedvidas , Selskis Algirdas , Jankauskas Sigitas , Višniakov Jevgenij , Ignatjev Ilja
Published: May 2019

Oxidised aluminum coatings are useful in various high technology applications to protect surfaces from negative environmental effects. In this study, aluminum discs and foils of industrial alloys were anodised in a sulphuric acid/oxalic acid electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the pore diameter, distribution and surface porosity. The anodising procedure was adapted to produce near‐hollow templates on aluminium foil, onto which aqueous solutions of commercial chromium‐complexed anionic azodyes were dropped. Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the penetration of dye compounds based on the most intensive vibrational modes. Each dye was successfully monitored to assess its penetration rate and behaviour in the anodised coating. This method could be applied to characterise newly developed organic dyes for aluminum colouring.
Effect of inoculum density on human‐induced pluripotent stem cell expansion in 3D bioreactors
Authors: Greuel Selina , Hanci Güngör , Böhme Mike , Miki Toshio , Schubert Frank , Sittinger Michael , Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik , Zeilinger Katrin , Freyer Nora
Published: May 2019

Objective

For optimized expansion of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with regards to clinical applications, we investigated the influence of the inoculum density on the expansion procedure in 3D hollow‐fibre bioreactors.

Materials and Methods

Analytical‐scale bioreactors with a cell compartment volume of 3 mL or a large‐scale bioreactor with a cell compartment volume of 17 mL were used and inoculated with either 10 × 106 or 50 × 106 hiPSCs. Cells were cultured in bioreactors over 15 days; daily measurements of biochemical parameters were performed. At the end of the experiment, the CellTiter‐Blue® Assay was used for culture activity evaluation and cell quantification. Also, cell compartment sections were removed for gene expression and immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results

The results revealed significantly higher values for cell metabolism, cell activity and cell yields when using the higher inoculation number, but also a more distinct differentiation. As large inoculation numbers require cost and time‐extensive pre‐expansion, low inoculation numbers may be used preferably for long‐term expansion of hiPSCs. Expansion of hiPSCs in the large‐scale bioreactor led to a successful production of 5.4 × 109 hiPSCs, thereby achieving sufficient cell amounts for clinical applications.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results show a significant effect of the inoculum density on cell expansion, differentiation and production of hiPSCs, emphasizing the importance of the inoculum density for downstream applications of hiPSCs. Furthermore, the bioreactor technology was successfully applied for controlled and scalable production of hiPSCs for clinical use.
Incidence of cervical high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in women with high‐risk human papillomavirus and normal cervical cytology: A retrospective analysis of 1858 cases stratified by age and human papillomavirus genotype
Authors: Gu Liying , Hong Zubei , Gao Hua , Qiu Lihua , Di Wen
Published: May 2019

Objective

To retrospectively analyse the incidence of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in women of different ages with high‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) but with normal cytology test results stratified by age and HPV genotype.

Methods

In total, 1858 women with HR‐HPV infection but with a normal smear who received a colposcopy and biopsy between 2015 and 2016 at our institution were included. The pathological results were retrospectively analysed after stratifying by age and HPV genotype.

Results

Among the 1858 cases, the HSIL% in women aged 21‐29 years (10.54%) was significantly different from that in women aged 40‐49 years (19.85%; P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the HSIL% among women aged 21‐29 years and those in the other age groups (P > 0.05). In total, 295 cases had single HPV16 infection. The HSIL% in patients with HPV16/18 infection was >15%, and the 40‐49‐year age group had the highest percentage at 48.48%. For other HR‐HPV infections, the HSIL and SCC incidence rate was 10.41%, and there was no significant difference among the age groups; thus, women with other types of viral infections, regardless of age, should be referred to colposcopy.

Conclusions

Although HPV16 is the HPV with the highest risk, other HR‐HPV infections can also cause a high percentage of HSILs and SCC in women with normal cytology. Therefore, it is necessary to refer HR‐HPV‐infected women aged ≥21 years for colposcopy in a timely manner to exclude potential cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.
The relationship between multidimensional economic well‐being and children’s mental health, physical health, and executive function development in South Africa
Authors: Turbeville Ashley , Aber J. Lawrence , Weinberg Sharon L. , Richter Linda , van Heerden Alastair
Published: May 2019

Conceptualizing both economic well‐being (EWB) and children's development as multidimensional constructs, the present study examines their association using bioecological developmental theory and structural equation modeling with Zulu children (ages 7–10) in KwaZulu‐Natal, a highly impoverished region of South Africa (N = 1,958). Relative EWB within impoverished communities consists of three dimensions: material assets (durable goods and living environment), fiscal appraisal (subjective experiences of access to/allocation of resources), and fiscal capacity (monetary inflow/outflow). Children's development also is measured across multiple dimensions: physical health, mental health, and executive functioning. In addition to an overall association between EWB and children's development across outcomes, the sub‐dimensions of EWB are differentially related to aspects of children's development. The dimension of material assets exhibits the greatest association with child outcomes, while fiscal capacity exhibits the least. Implications of these findings are discussed, including the use of multidimensional approaches to measuring EWB to understand, more clearly, its relationship to multiple dimensions of children's development. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcawZ6oOt-Q
Predictors of treatment response in type‐2 diabetes patients initiating basal‐supported oral therapy with insulin glargine 100 U/mL: A sub‐analysis of the Titration and OPtimisation (TOP) registry
Authors: Pfohl Martin , Pscherer Stefan , Fritsche Andreas , Anderten Helmut , Borck Anja , Pegelow Katrin , Bramlage Peter , Seufert Jochen
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of long‐term response to the initiation of basal‐supported oral therapy (BOT) with insulin glargine (IGlar‐100). Patients from the observational TOP registry were grouped based on those who had achieved (responders) and those who had not achieved (non‐responders) their HBA1c target and/or FBG ≤110 mg/dL 12 months after IGlar‐100 initiation. Independent predictors of treatment response were identified by regression analysis. Data for 2444 patients were analysed (responders, n = 1610; non‐responders, n = 834). Although the IGlar‐100 dose increase over 12 months was larger for non‐responders (+12.83 vs +9.46 U/d; P < 0.0001), the corresponding decrease in HbA1c was smaller (−0.88% vs −1.57%). Independent predictors of response included lower BMI (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.00), lower FBG (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97‐0.98) and HbA1c values at baseline (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.31), a less ambitious HbA1c target (OR, 5.07; 95% CI, 3.37‐7.63) and bedtime administration of IGlar‐100 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.14). In conclusion, HbA1c was the clinically most significant baseline characteristic predictive of response to BOT. This may suggest an advantage of IGlar‐100 initiation prior to excessive hyperglycaemia escalation.
Direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital factor VII deficiency
Authors: Arletti Laura , Coluccio Valeria , Romagnoli Elisa , Luppi Mario , Marietta Marco
Published: May 2019

The management of anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in patients with factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a very challenging clinical issue, as warfarin further reduces FVII levels, thus potentially increasing bleeding risk. On the other hand, the International Normalized Ratio test is misleading in such patients, as they do not reflect the actual level of global inhibition of the coagulation system. We report here three cases of patients with a moderate FVII deficiency and receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for prevention of cardioembolism in atrial fibrillation. Of note, two of them experienced a treatment failure while on warfarin, while DOAC treatment was not associated with thrombotic or hemorrhagic adverse events. DOAC are very attractive for the management of OAT in FVII deficient patients, because they do not require monitoring by tests affected by the inherited defect, and their mechanism of action is FVII‐independent.
Oral dysesthesia associated with autistic traits: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Uezato Akihito , Toyofuku Akira , Umezaki Yojiro , Nishikawa Toru
Published: May 2019

Oral dysesthesia denotes a condition characterized by abnormal sensations in oral regions without a somatic basis, and is often seen in people with autistic traits, including those with autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to examine the association between the symptoms of oral dysesthesia and the degree of autistic traits. A retrospective chart review was performed on 44 patients with oral dysesthesia, and associations among the subscales of the Oral Dysesthesia Rating Scale (Oral DRS), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ) were investigated. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant, positive correlation between AQ scores and the A3 (squeezing or pulling) subscale of the Oral DRS (r = 0.37), but there were no significant correlations between the AQ and other subscale scores. There was a significant correlation between the AQ and GSQ score, but no correlation was detected between the GSQ and A3 scores or any other Oral DRS subscale scores. In conclusion, an abnormal squeezing or pulling sensation in oral regions without a somatic basis was associated with autistic traits and could be highlighted as a specific abnormality in sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder.
Unlocking the potential of ancient fish DNA in the genomic era
Authors: Oosting Tom , Star Bastiaan , Barrett James H. , Wellenreuther Maren , Ritchie Peter A. , Rawlence Nicolas J.
Published: May 2019

Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, fulfil important ecological functions and are of significant economic interest for aquaculture and wild fisheries. Advances in DNA extraction methods, sequencing technologies and bioinformatic applications have advanced genomic research for nonmodel organisms, allowing the field of fish ancient DNA (aDNA) to move into the genomics era. This move is enabling researchers to investigate a multitude of new questions in evolutionary ecology that could not, until now, be addressed. In many cases, these new fields of research have relevance to evolutionary applications, such as the sustainable management of fisheries resources and the conservation of aquatic animals. Here, we focus on the application of fish aDNA to (a) highlight new research questions, (b) outline methodological advances and current challenges, (c) discuss how our understanding of fish ecology and evolution can benefit from aDNA applications and (d) provide a future perspective on how the field will help answer key questions in conservation and management. We conclude that the power of fish aDNA will be unlocked through the application of continually improving genomic resources and methods to well‐chosen taxonomic groups represented by well‐dated archaeological samples that can provide temporally and/or spatially extensive data sets.
Climate and plant trait strategies determine tree carbon allocation to leaves and mediate future forest productivity
Authors: Trugman Anna T. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Wolfe Brett T. , Birami Benjamin , Ruehr Nadine K. , Detto Matteo , Bartlett Megan K. , Anderegg William R. L.
Published: May 2019

Forest leaf area has enormous leverage on the carbon cycle because it mediates both forest productivity and resilience to climate extremes. Despite widespread evidence that trees are capable of adjusting to changes in environment across both space and time through modifying carbon allocation to leaves, many vegetation models use fixed carbon allocation schemes independent of environment, which introduces large uncertainties into predictions of future forest responses to atmospheric CO2 fertilization and anthropogenic climate change. Here, we develop an optimization‐based model, whereby tree carbon allocation to leaves is an emergent property of environment and plant hydraulic traits. Using a combination of meta‐analysis, observational datasets, and model predictions, we find strong evidence that optimal hydraulic–carbon coupling explains observed patterns in leaf allocation across large environmental and CO2 concentration gradients. Furthermore, testing the sensitivity of leaf allocation strategy to a diversity in hydraulic and economic spectrum physiological traits, we show that plant hydraulic traits in particular have an enormous impact on the global change response of forest leaf area. Our results provide a rigorous theoretical underpinning for improving carbon cycle predictions through advancing model predictions of leaf area, and underscore that tree‐level carbon allocation to leaves should be derived from first principles using mechanistic plant hydraulic processes in the next generation of vegetation models.
Pregnancy, Birth, Neonatal, and Postnatal Neurological Outcomes After Pregnancy With Migraine
Authors: Skajaa Nils , Szépligeti Szimonetta K. , Xue Fei , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Ehrenstein Vera , Eisele Osa , Adelborg Kasper
Published: May 2019

Background

Prevalence of migraine is high during the reproductive age. Although migraine often improves during pregnancy, the risk of adverse pregnancy, birth, neonatal, and neurological outcomes in mother and offspring remains poorly understood.

Objective

To investigate the associations between maternal migraine and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the mother, and birth, neonatal and postnatal outcomes in the offspring.

Methods

We used Danish population registries to assemble a cohort of pregnancies among women with migraine and an age‐ and conception year‐matched comparison cohort of pregnancies among women without migraine. The study period was 2005‐2012. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for pregnancy and birth outcomes and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for neonatal and postnatal outcomes, adjusting for age, preconception medical history, and preconception reproductive history.

Results

We identified 22,841 pregnancies among women with migraine and 228,324 matched pregnancies among women without migraine. Migraine was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy‐associated hypertension disorders (aPR: 1.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39‐1.61]) and miscarriage (aPR: 1.10 [95% CI: 1.05‐1.15]). Migraine was associated with an increased prevalence of low birth weight (aPR: 1.14 [95% CI: 1.06‐1.23]), preterm birth (aPR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.13‐1.30]) and cesarean delivery (aPR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.15‐1.25]), but not of small for gestational age offspring (aPR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.88‐0.99]) and birth defects (aPR: 1.01 [95% CI: 0.93‐1.09]). Offspring prenatally exposed to maternal migraine had elevated risks of several outcomes in the neonatal and postnatal period, including intensive care unit admission (aRR: 1.22 [95% CI: 1.03‐1.45]), hospitalization (aRR: 1.12 [95% CI: 1.06‐1.18]), dispensed prescriptions (aRR: 1.34 [95% CI: 1.24‐1.45]), respiratory distress syndrome (aRR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.02‐1.42]), and febrile seizures (aRR: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.03‐1.57), but not of death (aRR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.43‐1.04]) and cerebral palsy (aRR: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.51‐1.94]).

Conclusions

Women with migraine and their offspring have greater risks of several adverse pregnancy outcomes than women without migraine.
An update on laboratory assessment for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)
Authors: Gosselin Robert C. , Adcock Dorothy M. , Douxfils Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The first direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) to be approved for clinical use was dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, in 2010. Since that time, four additional DOACs, all direct anti‐Xa inhibitors, have been approved, including rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban and betrixaban. Our knowledge about the effect of DOACs on laboratory testing, as well as the use of the laboratory for measuring DOACs has been an evolving process. These drugs are not routinely monitored in the same fashion as coumadin, but there is an increasing demand on the laboratory to have the capacity to adequately assess DOAC anticoagulant effect (pharmacodynamics) or levels (pharmacokinetics) in either emergent or the routine situations. This manuscript provides an update on laboratory guidance and progress of methods for measuring DOACs.
Inherited thrombocytopenia and platelet disorders with germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasia
Authors: Galera Pallavi , Dulau‐Florea Alina , Calvo Katherine R.
Published: May 2019

Advances in molecular genetic sequencing techniques have contributed to the elucidation of previously unknown germline mutations responsible for inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). Regardless of age of presentation and severity of symptoms related to thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction, a subset of patients with IT are at increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms during their life time, particularly those with germline autosomal dominant mutations in RUNX1, ANKRD26, and ETV6. Patients may present with isolated thrombocytopenia and megakaryocytic dysmorphia or atypia on baseline bone marrow evaluation, without constituting myelodysplasia (MDS). Bone marrow features may overlap with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or sporadic MDS leading to misdiagnosis. Progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/ acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) may be accompanied by progressive bi‐ or pancytopenia, multilineage dysplasia, increased blasts, cytogenetic abnormalities, acquisition of bi‐allelic mutations in the underlying gene with germline mutation, or additional somatic mutations in genes associated with myeloid malignancy. A subset of patients may present with MDS/AML at a young age, underscoring the growing concern for evaluating young patients with MDS/AML for germline mutations predisposing to myeloid neoplasm. Early recognition of germline mutation and predisposition to myeloid malignancy permits appropriate treatment, adequate monitoring for disease progression, proper donor selection for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as genetic counseling of the affected patients and their family members. Herein, we describe the clinical and diagnostic features of IT with germline mutations predisposing to myeloid neoplasms focusing on mutations involving RUNX1, ANKRD26, and ETV6.
Pre‐ and postanalytical errors in haematology
Authors: De la Salle Barbara
Published: May 2019

The majority of errors in laboratory medicine occur in the pre‐ and postanalytical phases of the testing process. Although the causes of these errors are largely common to all laboratory medicine specialties, it is important for the haematology laboratory to understand the particular impact of some on automated counting. The preanalytical phase is the stage of greatest risk but preanalytical errors may go undetected until postanalytical validation and interpretation. The challenges in the postanalytical phase include the standardisation of reference intervals against which results can be interpreted and the impact of just a small difference in reference interval for a key analyte such as haemoglobin concentration. Quality indicators against which pre‐ and postanalytical error incidence are measured are a source of information that can be used to improve services but laboratories struggle to collect good quality data.
Molecular diagnostic update in hereditary hemolytic anemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Rets Anton , Clayton Adam L. , Christensen Robert D. , Agarwal Archana M.
Published: May 2019

Hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) is a group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorders characterized by premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to marked hemolytic anemia. There are three main categories of HHA: (a) RBC membrane defects; (b) hemoglobinopathies/thalassemias; and (c) RBC enzyme deficiencies. Hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent consequence of hemolytic anemia and can lead to bilirubin‐associated neurotoxicity in neonates and to jaundice, and formation of gall stones in adults. Hyperbilirubinemia can also be caused by impaired bilirubin conjugation due to polymorphisms and mutations in genes involved in bilirubin metabolism (eg, UGT1A1). Neonates with HHA and co‐inherited variants impairing bilirubin conjugation are at increased risk of bilirubin‐associated toxicity. Prior to the advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS), molecular diagnosis of these disorders was limited to targeted single gene Sanger sequencing. However, NGS is making its way into the standard diagnostic workup of complex and multigene disorders like HHA. This review will focus on the molecular updates of HHA with particular focus on the neonatal and pediatric population.
Algorithmic evaluation of hereditary erythrocytosis: Pathways and caveats
Authors: Oliveira Jennifer L.
Published: May 2019

Multiple algorithms have been published for the evaluation of hereditary erythrocytosis (HE). Typical entry points begin after excluding the more common acquired conditions through investigations of clinical history and assessment of cardiac, pulmonary, or vascular system disorders. Prior exclusion of JAK2 mutations, particularly the common JAK2 V617F mutation, is indicated in adults but less so in pediatric populations. Key decision trees are based on serum erythropoietin levels and p50 results. Recent data reveal some overlap in clinical presentation and laboratory findings in erythrocytosis. Caveats to consider when using algorithmic approaches are discussed.
Genomic testing in myeloid malignancy
Authors: Docking T. Roderick , Karsan Aly
Published: May 2019

Clinical genetic testing in the myeloid malignancies is undergoing a rapid transition from the era of cytogenetics and single‐gene testing to an era dominated by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). This transition promises to better reveal the genetic alterations underlying disease, but there are distinct risks and benefits associated with different NGS testing platforms. NGS offers the potential benefit of being able to survey alterations across a wider set of genes, but analytic and clinical challenges associated with incidental findings, germ line variation, turnaround time, and limits of detection must be addressed. Additionally, transcriptome‐based testing may offer several distinct benefits beyond traditional DNA‐based methods. In addition to testing at disease diagnosis, research indicates potential benefits of genetic testing both prior to disease onset and at remission. In this review, we discuss the transition from the era of cytogenetics and single‐gene tests to the era of NGS panels and genome‐wide sequencing—highlighting both the potential and drawbacks of these novel technologies.
Molecular genetic testing methodologies in hematopoietic diseases: current and future methods
Authors: Sridhar Kaushik , Singh Amol , Butzmann Alexandra , Jangam Diwash , Ohgami Robert S.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Rapid technological advancements in clinical molecular genetics have increased our diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in health care. Understanding these assays, as well as how they may change over time, is critical for pathologists, clinicians, and translational researchers alike.

Methods

This review provides a practical summary and basic reference for current molecular genetic technologies, as well as new testing methodologies that are in use, gaining momentum, or anticipated to contribute more broadly in the future.

Results

Here, we discuss DNA and RNA based methodologies including classic assays such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, and microarrays, to more cutting‐edge next‐generation sequencing (NGS) based assays and emerging molecular technologies such as cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and NGS‐based detection of infectious disease organisms.

Conclusion

This review serves as a basic foundation for knowledge in current and emerging clinical molecular genetic technologies.
Mixed methods quality evaluation of structured interprofessional medical ward rounds
Authors: Redley Bernice , Campbell Don , Stockman Keith , Barnes Sara
Published: May 2019

Background

Standardised structure and content of interdisciplinary medical ward rounds can promote patient safety and patient‐centred teamwork.

Aims

To evaluate interdisciplinary ward rounds using a Structured Interdisciplinary Bedside Rounding (SIBR) intervention.

Methods

The study involved multi‐method, repeat measures with a non‐equivalent control group. Non‐participant observations were collected at: 1 and 6 months, on an intervention ward that introduced SIBR; and a control ward that continued traditional rounds. Focus group and survey data were also collected on the intervention ward. Participants were clinicians (medicine, nursing and allied health) working in two general medicine wards at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

Results

Seventy‐eight patient rounds were observed at Time 1, and 239 at Time 2. The SIBR ward rounds had all clinician disciplines represented, whereas allied health and nurses were present for less than 20% of non‐SIBR rounds. Interdisciplinary participation and frequency of desired clinician behaviours increased, and variability in duration of time per patient decreased, on the SIBR rounds. Longitudinal data reflected decreased performance of some SIBR behaviours in the intervention ward, while some desired behaviours increased in the control ward. Qualitative survey and focus group data indicated many positive views, but fit with broader ward routines impacted SIBR implementation.

Conclusions

The overall recommendation by staff was that SIBR should continue. The results provide insights into the adoption of SIBR behaviours and illustrated diffusion of behaviours across wards. Highlighting successes and identifying barriers can help meet challenges for ongoing improvement.
The anonymous online self: Toward an understanding of the tension between discipline and online anonymity
Authors: Guo Ken H. , Yu Xiaoxiao
Published: May 2019

We aim to have a nuanced understanding of the seemingly antithetical tension between discipline and anonymity in online settings. Using a rich set of qualitative data from a real‐life online forum, we find that anonymity does not necessarily eliminate discipline. Three forms of discursive discipline appear under conditions of anonymity: technological discipline, peer discipline, and self‐discipline. Thus, the online forum may be seen as an omniopticon in which the anonymous online self is monitored and disciplined in multiple ways. Information technology both enables and constrains how individuals balance the competing needs of anonymity and discipline. We suggest new ways of looking at the literature on discipline and anonymity in online environments and at the role played by technology.
Coronary circulating mononuclear progenitor cells and soluble biomarkers in the cardiovascular prognosis after coronary angioplasty
Authors: Suárez‐Cuenca Juan Antonio , Robledo‐Nolasco Rogelio , Alcántara‐Meléndez Marco Antonio , Díaz Hernández Luis Javier , Vera‐Gómez Eduardo , Hernández‐Patricio Alejandro , Sánchez‐Díaz Karla Susana , Buendía‐Gutiérrez Juan Ariel , Contreras‐Ramos Alejandra , Ruíz‐Hernández Atzin Suá , Pérez‐Cabeza de Vaca Rebeca , Mondragón‐Terán Paul
Published: May 2019

Currently, there are no confident prognostic markers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing angioplasty. The present study aimed to explore whether basal coronary circulating Mononuclear Progenitor Cells (MPCs) and vascular injury biomarkers were related to development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and may impact clinical prognosis.

Methods

The number of MPCs and soluble mediators such as IL‐1β, sICAM‐1, MMP‐9, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide were determined in coronary and peripheral circulation. Prognostic ability for MACEs occurring at 6 months follow up was assessed by time‐to‐event and event free survival estimations.

Results

Lower coronary circulating MPCs subpopulations CD45+CD34+, CD45+CD34+CD133+CD184+, lower MMP‐9 and higher sICAM‐1 significantly associated with MACEs presentation and showed prognostic ability; while peripheral blood increase in malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase were observed in patients with MACEs.

Conclusion

Coronary concentration of biomarkers related with vascular repair, such as MPCs subpopulations and adhesion molecules, may predict MACEs and impact prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing angioplasty; whereas peripheral pro‐oxidative condition may be also associated.
Efficacy of Er:YAG laser on periodontitis as an adjunctive non‐surgical treatment: A split‐mouth randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Lin Mei , Zhang Dongxue , Song Yiqing , Wang Zuomin
Published: May 2019

Aim

To evaluate the adjunctive efficacy of Er:YAG laser use with mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP) for non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

In a randomized, single‐blinded, controlled trial, 27 patients were recruited. Using a split‐mouth design, two quadrants were randomly allocated into either a test group or a control group. The test quadrants received Er:YAG laser (ERL; 100 mJ/pulse; 15 Hz to hard tissue and 50 mJ/pulse; 30 Hz to soft tissue) plus SRP treatment, while the control quadrants received SRP only. We evaluated periodontal indexes, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI), and plaque index (PLI) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results

The PD and CAL means in the ERL + SRP group were significantly lower than those in the SRP group at 3‐month follow‐up (PD: 2.98 ± 0.38 mm vs. 3.09 ± 0.35 mm; CAL: 4.51 ± 0.69 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.67 mm) and 6‐month follow‐up (PD: 2.91 ± 0.31 mm vs. 3.02 ± 0.30 mm; CAL: 4.52 ± 0.65 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.66 mm; p = 0.03 for both PD and CAL). There were no significant differences in BI and PLI between two groups.

Conclusions

The Er:YAG laser treatment combined with conventional SRP significantly improved PD and CAL compared to SRP therapy alone; however, these differences were very small and, as a result, the adjunctive effect of Er:YAG laser is likely to be minimal clinically important.
Analysis of medical malpractice claims to improve quality of care: Cautionary remarks
Authors: Garon‐Sayegh Patrick
Published: May 2019

Medical malpractice claims can be analysed to gain insights aimed at improving quality of care. However, using medical malpractice claims in medical research raises epistemological and methodological concerns related to certain features of the litigation process. Medical research should therefore approach medical malpractice claims with caution. Taking one recent study as a an example, this article insists on three areas of concern: (a) the quantity of legal materials available for analysis; (b) the content of the legal materials available for analysis; and (c) the ways in which the content of the legal materials should be analysed and the types of inferences that it can support. The article concludes with general recommendations for future medical research that would incorporate medical malpractice claims. These recommendations centre around recognizing the qualitative dimension of legal reasoning.
Spectral classification of lettuce cadmium stress based on information fusion and VISSA‐GOA‐SVM algorithm
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sun Jun , Tian Yan , Wu Xiaohong , Dai Chunxia , Li Bin
Published: May 2019

In order to study the qualitative Vis–NIR spectra detection of cadmium stress in lettuce leaves, this article uses data‐level information fusion method coupled with VISSA‐GOA‐SVM algorithm for research and analysis. There were 140 pieces of lettuce leaves under four gradients of cadmium stress, as well as a total of 560 samples of lettuce were used to collect Vis–NIR spectral information. Wavelet transform (WT), first derivative (1st Der) and second derivative (2nd Der) were used to process original Vis–NIR spectral data, respectively. Besides, the data after different pretreatments will be fused in the data‐decision level and used as a new input layer. Principal component analysis (PCA), iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), and variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) were used to reduce the dimensionality of the data layer, respectively. Besides, support vector machine (SVM) was used to establish a classification model. The results showed that the RTD (initial fusion of three data input layers) combined with VISSA‐GOA‐SVM (VISSA combined with grasshopper optimization support vector machine) classification model was the best, and the accuracy of the calibration and prediction were 100% and 98.57%, respectively. Application of Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technique to detect cadmium stress gradient in lettuce leaves provided a new method for identifying different heavy metal residues in lettuce.

Practical applications

It is of great significance to detect different cadmium stress levels through nondestructive testing. In order to effectively implement the rapid and nondestructive testing of lettuce leaves under different cadmium stress levels, Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technology coupled with data‐level fusion method was used in this article. In addition, VISSA‐GOA‐SVM model was established to detect cadmium stress level. It confirms that the Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technology is a feasible and effective method for discriminating different cadmium stress levels.
A Collectivist Perspective for Addressing Family Violence in Minority Newcomer Communities in North America: Culturally Integrative Family Safety Responses
Authors: Ashbourne Lynda M. , Baobaid Mohammed
Published: May 2019

This article presents a review and critique of current family violence services in North America with a view to understanding how these reflect primarily individualist assumptions linked to dominant social norms. Many minority‐status ethno‐cultural communities in North America share more collectivist traditions. With a particular focus on recently arrived immigrant and refugee Arab families in Canada, we explore the implications of a collectivist orientation for goodness‐of‐fit between available services and family experiences and needs related to family violence. Drawing on collectivist perspectives, with attention to intersectionality and ecosystems, we propose a culturally integrative practice model and provide a case example.
Allometry and advancing age significantly structure craniofacial variation in adult female baboons
Authors: Joganic Jessica L. , Heuzé Yann
Published: May 2019

Primate craniofacial growth is traditionally assumed to cease upon maturation or at least be negligible, whereas bony remodeling is typically associated with advanced adult age and, in particular, tooth loss. Therefore, size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton of young and middle‐aged adults should be stable. However, research on both modern and historic human samples suggests that portions of theCFSexhibit age‐related changes in mature individuals, both related to and independent of tooth loss. These results demonstrate that the age‐category ‘adult’ is heterogeneous, containing individuals demonstrating post‐maturational age‐related variation, but the topic remains understudied outside of humans and in the cranial vault and base. Our research quantifies variation in a sample of captive adult female baboons (n = 97) in an effort to understand how advancing age alters the matureCFS. Craniometric landmarks and sliding semilandmarks were collected fromcomputed tomography (CT)scans of adult baboons aged 7–32 years old. To determine whether craniofacial morphology is sensitive to aging mechanisms and whether any such effects are differentially distributed throughout the cranium, geometric morphometric techniques were employed to compare the shapes of various cranial regions among individuals of increasing age. Unexpectedly, the biggest form differences were observed between young and middle‐aged adults, rather than between adults with full dentitions and those with some degree of tooth loss. Shape variation was greatest in masticatory and nuchal musculature attachment areas. Our results indicate that thecraniofacial skeletonchanges form during adulthood in baboons, raising interesting questions about the molecular and biological mechanisms governing these changes.
The Campylobacter jejuni helical to coccoid transition involves changes to peptidoglycan and the ability to elicit an immune response
Authors: Frirdich Emilisa , Biboy Jacob , Pryjma Mark , Lee Jooeun , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T. , Girardin Stephen E. , Vollmer Waldemar , Gaynor Erin C.
Published: May 2019

Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent enteric pathogen that changes morphology from helical to coccoid under unfavorable conditions. Bacterial peptidoglycan maintains cell shape. As C. jejuni transformed from helical to coccoid, peptidoglycan dipeptides increased and tri‐ and tetrapeptides decreased. The DL‐carboxypeptidase Pgp1 important for C. jejuni helical morphology and putative N‐acetylmuramoyl‐L‐alanyl amidase AmiA were both involved in the coccoid transition. Mutants in pgp1 and amiA showed reduced coccoid formation, with ∆pgp1∆amiA producing minimal coccoids. Both ∆amiA and ∆amiA∆pgp1 lacked flagella and formed unseparated chains of cells consistent with a role for AmiA in cell separation. All strains accumulated peptidoglycan dipeptides over time, but only strains capable of becoming coccoid displayed tripeptide changes. C. jejuni helical shape and corresponding peptidoglycan structure are important for pathogenesis‐related attributes. Concomitantly, changing to a coccoid morphology resulted in differences in pathogenic properties; coccoid C. jejuni were non‐motile and non‐infectious, with minimal adherence and invasion of epithelial cells and an inability to stimulate IL‐8. Coccoid peptidoglycan exhibited reduced activation of innate immune receptors Nod1 and Nod2 versus helical peptidoglycan. C. jejuni also transitioned to coccoid within epithelial cells, so the inability of the immune system to detect coccoid C. jejuni may be significant in its pathogenesis.
Colonic hypersensitivity and low‐grade inflammation in a spontaneous animal model for functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Meleine Mathieu , Accarie Alison , Wauters Lucas , Toth Joran , Gourcerol Guillaume , Tack Jan , Farré Ricard , Vanuytsel Tim
Published: May 2019

Background

A complex interplay between a failing intestinal barrier and low‐grade inflammation leading to sensorimotor disturbances is an often‐cited mechanism in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the cause‐consequence relationship between these features has not been clearly established. We previously described jejunal alterations in the normoglycemic BB‐rat (BBDP‐N) model proposing this model as a suitable animal model to study FGID pathophysiology. The current study explores colonic permeability, inflammation, and sensitivity of the BB‐rat.

Methods

Colonic tissue of BBDP‐N and control (BBDR) rats at 50, 90, 110, 160, and 220 days (n ≥ 7 per group) was used to assess intestinal permeability in Ussing chambers and inflammation, including infiltration by eosinophils, mast cells, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. Anxiety‐like symptoms were evaluated at 50, 90, and 220 days and colonic sensitivity at 160 and 220 days by measuring the visceromotor response (VMR) to isobaric colorectal distensions.

Keys results

Lamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration and increased EPO activity were demonstrated from 90 days onward. Increased permeability and myenteric ganglionitis were observed in the oldest BBDP‐N rats. At 220 days, the VMR was significantly increased suggesting colonic hypersensitivity. At the same age, increased anxiety‐like behavior was observed.

Conclusion and inferences

We demonstrated a lamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration preceding visceral hypersensitivity in the colon of the BBDP‐N rat, reminiscent of patients with FGID. These findings help elucidating pathogenetic pathways in FGID and further validate the BBDP‐N rat as an attractive model to study pathophysiology and therapy of FGID.
Hypatia's silence
Authors: Fischer Martin , Horsten Leon , Nicolai Carlo
Published: May 2019

Hartry Field distinguished two concepts of type‐free truth: scientific truth and disquotational truth. We argue that scientific type‐free truth cannot do justificatory work in the foundations of mathematics. We also present an argument, based on Crispin Wright's theory of cognitive projects and entitlement, that disquotational truth can do justificatory work in the foundations of mathematics. The price to pay for this is that the concept of disquotational truth requires non‐classical logical treatment.
How do “robopets” impact the health and well‐being of residents in care homes? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Authors: Abbott Rebecca , Orr Noreen , McGill Paige , Whear Rebecca , Bethel Alison , Garside Ruth , Stein Ken , Thompson‐Coon Jo
Published: May 2019

Background

Robopets are small animal‐like robots which have the appearance and behavioural characteristics of pets.

Objective

To bring together the evidence of the experiences of staff, residents and family members of interacting with robopets and the effects of robopets on the health and well‐being of older people living in care homes.

Design

Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative research.

Data sources

We searched 13 electronic databases from inception to July 2018 and undertook forward and backward citation chasing.

Methods

Eligible studies reported the views and experiences of robopets from residents, family members and staff (qualitative studies using recognised methods of qualitative data collection and analysis) and the effects of robopets on the health and well‐being of care home residents (randomised controlled trials, randomised crossover trials and cluster randomised trials). Study selection was undertaken independently by two reviewers. We used the Wallace criteria and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of the evidence. We developed a logic model with stakeholders and used this as a framework to guide data extraction and synthesis. Where appropriate, we used meta‐analysis to combine effect estimates from quantitative studies.

Results

Nineteen studies (10 qualitative, 2 mixed methods and 7 randomised trials) met the inclusion criteria. Interactions with robopets were described as having a positive impact on aspects of well‐being including loneliness, depression and quality of life by residents and staff, although there was no corresponding statistically significant evidence from meta‐analysis for these outcomes. Meta‐analysis showed evidence of a reduction in agitation with the robopet “Paro” compared to control (−0.32 [95% CI −0.61 to −0.04, p = 0.03]). Not everyone had a positive experience of robopets.

Conclusions

Engagement with robopets appears to have beneficial effects on the health and well‐being of older adults living in care homes, but not all chose to engage. Whether the benefits can be sustained are yet to be investigated.

Implications for practice

Robopets have the potential to benefit people living in care homes, through increasing engagement and interaction. With the robopet acting as a catalyst, this engagement and interaction may afford comfort and help reduce agitation and loneliness.