bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowdfunding: Social Enterprise and Corruption Counteraction in This Sphere
Authors: Yatsenko Tatiana , Tishchenko Ekaterina , Ovchinnikov Alexey
Published: November 2021

At present, crowdfunding is viewed as a prospective trend in entrepreneurship, an important element of ensuring the economic development of the country. Modern research of crowdfunding mainly focuses on success indicators for financing various projects in this segment of economy. However, the specific technical situation of its functioning does not eliminate the risk of financial losses for investors from various criminal actions of investment seekers, which makes it necessary to assess these risks and pay attention to the problems of current normative regulation of crowdfunding. The authors study different features of crowdfunding, analyzes the models where the risk of abuse is highest. They also describe signs of crimes in the sphere of crowdfunding, primarily signs of crimes indicating fraudulent actions, and presents factors that make it possible to predict a factual or potential fraud in crowdfunding. The conducted research allowed the authors to conclude that the stress that Russian legislation puts on informing the investor about the persons that seek investment, on their investment proposals, on limiting the sum of investment, is not an effective measure of preventing fraud and that additional measures for protecting investors are necessary.
Significant improvement of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Melanin Precursors (QIAPI 1®). Case Report
Authors: Arturo Solís Herrera , María del Carmen Arias Esparza , Martha P Solis-Arias
Published: November 2021

Age-related macular degeneration is the first cause of blindness in cold countries in the last 70 years ago or more. In spite expensive therapeutics strategies like intraocular injections, so far, the incidence and prevalence of ARMD cannot be improved significantly. In this case report, we demonstrate that melanin is a fundamental part of macular biology and once is attended the recovery both anatomical and functional is significant.
Not dominance but the loss of binocularity determines the success of monovision
Authors: Veerle Van Severen , Sven Van Laere , Marcel Ten Tusscher
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To determine whether ocular dominance strength influences success of monovision Design: Single-center, prospective, double blind crossover. Subjects received contact lenses with reading addition added to the left eye in the first trial period and to the right eye in the second period so that the type of monovision was randomized and blinded for the test subject and the investigator. Methods: 17 presbyopic subjects, aged 50-65, received conventional and crossed monovision, each for 2 weeks. Satisfaction, stereopsis (TNO, Titmus) and Snellen visual acuity were measured. Ocular dominance was examined according to Haidinger and +1D test. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient between strength of ocular dominance and subject satisfaction was ρ=0.088 for the conventional and ρ=0.000 for the crossed group. 93% of subjects were most satisfied with the type of monovision that yielded the highest Titmus score. For the TNO test this was only 64%. A statistical significant interaction effect was shown for this relationship (ρ=0.019). Conclusion: A significant correlation between dominance strength, refraction error and satisfaction could not be found. However, we observed that the highest stereopsis score according to the Titmus test was more likely to yield a higher satisfaction when comparing conventional and crossed monovision. When a physician opts for monovision correction, the Titmus test can be performed with test spectacles or contact lenses to decide which eye should be corrected for distance vision. The choice should be in favor of the correction that yields the best Titmus score.
Six steps for a successful phacoemulsification in hard cataracts
Authors: S Venkatesh , Mavnika Mavnika , Shruti P Hedge
Published: November 2021

Phacoemulsification in rock-hard cataracts is always challenging for the phaco surgeon. Patient presenting with hard cataract is common in rural and suburban areas. In such situations phaco surgeons face higher incidence of significant complication like endothelial cell loss, posterior capsular rupture, zonular dialysis. By judicious use of the appropriate technology like perfect power modulations, enhanced fluidics, adequate OVDs usage better results can be achieved in these cases. In this short communication we have put together six salient steps that would help the surgeon in achieving successful phacoemulsification in hard cataracts.
Fresh frozen plasma as a source of plasminogen for ligneous conjunctivitis: Case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Benjamin J Park , David Camoriano , Mark C Vital , Patricia Chévez-Barrios , John D Goosey , Marcel Belloso
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To describe management of a patient with ligneous conjunctivitis secondary to plasminogen deficiency and review the literature on treatment with plasminogen. Design: Interventional case report. Methods: A 6-year-old Caucasian girl developed ligneous conjunctivitis recalcitrant to debridement and treatment with topical cyclosporin A and steroids. The literature was reviewed regarding treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with plasminogen. Results: The patient was treated with plasminogen containing drops derived from her father’s fresh frozen plasma. The ligneous conjunctivitis resolved, and the patient was managed on these drops for the following 8 years, initiating treatment for flares and tapering according to clinical response. Conclusions: Plasminogen drops concentrated from fresh frozen plasma are a safe and effective option for long-term treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis.
[Safe] in a Narcissistic Closure
Authors: TÜZÜN Defne
Published: November 2021

This article offers an in depth formal analysis of the film Safe (Todd Haynes: 1995) By attending to Julia Kristeva’s concept of abjection as the earliest attempts to demarcate a space in the common, indistinguishable territory of the mother-child dyad and as an endeavor to overcome spatial ambivalence, this analysis focuses on the topography of the pre-symbolic. The study deals primarily with the film’s protagonist, Carol’s abjection, as evidenced by her relation to corporeality and to spatiality. Carol goes through a crisis in life and suffers from an undiagnosed illness. As the film progresses, she goes to a healing facility out in the desert, where she seeks treatment for her disease, here, but gradually regresses to a narcissistic phase. The semi-religious philosophy of this facility leads her to isolate herself from society and negates her integration into the socio-symbolic network. This self-indulgence and self-love finally causes her to be trapped in a narcissistic closure. This article discusses this narcissistic closure through the visual and audio analysis of the film.
Preparation of Single Cell Suspension from Human Spleen Tissue v1
Authors: B. Wells Steven
Published: November 2021

This protocol describes a method for the isolation of pan-lymphocytes, pan-myeloid cells, and progenitors from human spleen tissue. By providing defined media formulations, volumes at each step, and a defined dilution factor for density centrifugation, it yields consistent single-cell suspensions across samples.
Preparation of Single Cell Suspensions of the Intra-Epithelial Layer and Lamina Propria from Human Intestinal Tissue v1
Authors: B. Wells Steven
Published: November 2021

This protocol describes a method for the isolation of the immune cells, structural and epithelial cells, and progenitors from the epithelial layer and the lamina propria of human gut sections of about one gram of tissue. By providing defined media formulations, volumes at each step, and a defined dilution factor for density centrifugation, it yields consistent single-cell suspensions across samples. This protocol can be used for any section of the intestinal tract from duodenum to distal colon.
Isolation of Nucleated Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate v1
Authors: B. Wells Steven
Published: November 2021

This protocol describes a method for the isolation of pan-lymphocytes, pan-myeloid cells, and progenitors from human bone marrow aspirate. By providing defined media formulations, volumes at each step, and a defined dilution factor for density centrifugation, it yields consistent single-cell suspensions across samples.
Pilot Exercise: Generating the Illumina SampleSheet and sharing data via BaseSpace v1
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Kayikcioglu Tunc , Bias Candace , Boerner Cameron , Pettengill James
Published: November 2021

This protocol describes the required steps to generate Illumina SampleSheet and provides guidelines for sharing data via BaseSpace with FDA for the 2021 Pilot Exercise
[RETRACTED] Miracle Muscle Gainz Reviews [SHOCKING FACTS] Do This Pills Works Or Scam? v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: November 2021

[RETRACTED]

Miracle Muscle Gainz
A encruzilhada da judicialização da saúde no Brasil sob a perspectiva do Direito Comparado
Authors: Miranda Wanessa Debôrtoli de , Figueiredo Iara Veloso Oliveira , Castro Mônica Silva Monteiro de , Santos Fausto Pereira dos , Junior Helvécio Miranda Magalhaes , Paes-Sousa Rômulo
Published: November 2021

Objective: the impact of the judicialization of health in various parts of the world points to a crossroads between diverse ways of dealing with the phenomenon, therefore, the work aims to contribute to this debate from an overview of judicialization in Brazil and a comparison with experiences from other countries. Methodology: this was a narrative review on the theme of the judicialization of health in a comparative perspective. The research was divided into two stages: contextualization of the judicialization of health in the international scenario, using a comparative method from the perspective of Comparative Law, and a narrative review on the judicialization of health in Brazil. Forty-six works were used: 19 international and 27 Brazilian. Results: two different approaches to the judicialization of health stand out in comparative studies: the Latin American and the South African. In the first, the phenomenon presents greater magnitude with decisions favoring the minimum existential, it is especially complex in Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica; in the second, the reserve of the possible stands out in the decisions. The analysis of the work conducted in Brazil supported the construction of a timeline providing an overview of judicialization in Brazil, and the trajectory of this fluid phenomenon, which changed over time as new issues and ways of dealing with it emerged and developing. Conclusions: the study shows that the judicialization of health is a multifaceted phenomenon, bringing to light a dilemma between several paths to be followed. However, it is a subject that lacks studies on the user's point of view, and on the health outcomes resulted from lawsuits. The complexity of the phenomenon culminates in the diversity of interventions in countries, generating conflicts between guaranteeing the right to health and budgetary limitations. It is concluded that judicialization has positive and negative points: it is a solution, but it is also a problem.
A judicialização da saúde no Brasil sob as lentes do modelo paradigmático de Strauss e Corbin: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Tavares Amaral Isabela , Asensi Felipe Dutra , Souza Tiago Oliveira de , Nascimento Fernanda Teles Morais do , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo
Published: November 2021

Objective: this study aims to identify in the variables proposed by the paradigmatic model of Strauss and Corbin, the characteristics of the articles that address in their contents, the judicialization of health in the context of the impacts and challenges generated for the Unified Health System. Methods: this is a bibliometric, descriptive study, with a quanti-qualitative approach. Data collection took place in June 2020, resulting in a universe of 63 articles. For data categorization, the paradigmatic model of Strauss and Corbin was adopted. In the quantitative analysis, the following variables were considered: regions of Brazil and institutions where the studies were affiliated; year of publication; professional training of authors; publishing periodicals; descriptors used; sphere of government addressed; and types of research. In the qualitative aspect, the main conclusions of the articles were analyzed. Results: publications from the Southeast region were the majority. The conclusions of the articles pointed out that judicialization as a guarantee of access to health care can be understood both as a cause of the phenomenon and because of it. Budgetary risk for public management and the relationship between the Executive and the Judiciary set the intervening factors. Conclusion: institutional dialogue is a path to be pursued to minimize possible harmful effects of the judicialization of health.
Transparência nas relações público-privadas para prestação de serviços de saúde no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Barboza Pedro Ivo Biancardi , Vasconcellos Maria da Penha , Aith Fernando Mussa Abujamra
Published: November 2021

Objectives: to verify whether the instruments and mechanisms for inclusion and transparency available to citizens in the state of São Paulo allow for the exercise of sanitary democracy and social control of the goals and results of the contractualization of the provision of health services. Methods: documentary research, conducted in official information systems, on the contracting of public and/or private entities for the provision of public health services by the state of São Paulo/ and documentary research on Transparency and financial Portals, at the state level, for measurement of goals and results of these contracts. Results: private initiatives that complement the role of the State act under a clear financial dependence on the government sphere. There is a significant deficit of information for the construction or standardization of performance data, making it impossible to monitor public health policies and to measure the cost/effectiveness of health services provided directly by the Public Administration and by private sector. Conclusion: the data found in the research did not show a greater efficiency of these new forms of coalitions and alliances with civil society, even though the Government is not able to directly absorb all the assistance currently provided through private entities and the third sector. The lack of governmental accountability instruments causes a lack of transparency in the control of contractual targets and results.
Forças Armadas no Brasil: profissão e intervenção política
Authors: Penido Ana , Costa Frederico , Janot Mariana
Published: November 2021

This article discusses military participation in politics, with an emphasis in the Brazilian context. Far from new, the discussed hypothesis – the continuity line between professionalization and military political neutrality – became commonplace ever since Samuel Huntington (1996). However, a literature review enables us to question such hypothesis in view of the persistent military intervention in politics. Our core argument is that military intervention in politics is a direct function of professionalization in certain social, historical, and political contexts in countries like Brazil, so that the act of professionalizing implies preparing military forces for intervening political action.
Yeni Sağ Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Anlayışının Türk Sinemasındaki İzleri: Politik Komedi Filmleri Odağında Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: SARI Betül
Published: November 2021

Dünya ekonomisinde 1970’li yılların ortalarında patlak veren krize çözüm, ABD ve İngiltere önderliğinde
liberal piyasa ekonomisine geçiş sayesinde ve devlet-toplum-piyasa ilişkilerinin Yeni Sağ politikalar
aracılığıyla yeniden düzenlenmesiyle bulunmuştur. Liberalizmin piyasa ekonomisi ve minimal devlet
ilkeleriyle muhafazakârlığın altını çizen anlayışının bileşimi olan Yeni Sağ siyaset, dünyada ilk ABD ve
İngiltere’de uygulanmış, 24 Ocak Kararları sonrasında Turgut Özal’ın girişimleriyle Türkiye’de etkisini
göstermeye başlamıştır. Bu siyaset anlayışının, beraberinde getirdiği ekonomik düzenin ve bu düzenin
yarattığı toplumsal değişikliklerin sinemaya yansıması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Çalışmada Türkiye’de Yeni Sağ
siyaset ve bu siyaset anlayışının zemin hazırladığı ekonomik, toplumsal, kültürel ve ahlaki bağlamlarda
değerlendirilebilecek değişimlerin ve olumsuzlukların Türk sinemasında politik komedi filmleri üzerindeki
yansımalarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, amaçsal örneklem seçim tekniği aracılığıyla,
Türkiye’de Yeni Sağ siyasetin en etkin olduğu dönem olarak kabul edilebilecek 1980 ve 1990 yılları arasında
çekilen, başrollerini Kemal Sunal, Şener Şen ve İlyas Salman gibi komedi filmleriyle özdeşleşen oyuncuların
üstlendiği birtakım politik komedi filmleri, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden sosyolojik eleştiri ve tematik
içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen filmlerin, Türkiye’de Yeni Sağ siyasetin tarihsel
süreçte beraberinde getirdiği ekonomi, toplum ve ahlak anlayışının eleştirel yansımalarını seyirciye
başarıyla aktarmış oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı Çerçevesinde Türk Basını: Cem Karaca’nın Vatandaşlıktan Çıkarılışı ve Dönüşü Haberleri
Authors: ÖZER Asuman , YILDIRAN ÖNK Ürün
Published: November 2021

Anadolu Rock müziğinin en önemli temsilcilerinden olan Cem Karaca’nın yaptığı müzikle olduğu kadar
sol siyasi duruşu ile de öne çıktığı bilinmektedir. Şarkılarında komünizm propagandası yaptığı iddiasıyla
hakkında yargılama süreci başlatılan Karaca, yurt dışında olduğu sırada 12 Eylül 1980 Askeri Darbesi
gerçekleşmiştir. Hakkındaki yargı sürecinin tamamlanması için geri çağrılan Karaca bu talebi reddetmiş,
sonrasında da 1983’te Türk vatandaşlığından çıkarılmıştır. Karaca, darbe yönetiminin ardından ANAP
(Anavatan Partisi) döneminde yumuşayan siyasi atmosfer sayesinde 1987’de Türkiye’ye dönebilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada amaç, Suskunluk Sarmalı Kuramı’nın Türk basınındaki etkisini Karaca’nın vatandaşlıktan
çıkarılışı ve Türkiye’ye dönüşü süreçleriyle ilgili haberler üzerinden araştırmaktır. Bu çerçevede Cumhuriyet
gazetesindeki haberler, eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, Cumhuriyet
gazetesinde Karaca’nın hem vatandaşlıktan çıkarılışına hem de Türkiye’ye dönüşüne ilişkin haberlerde
farklı tutumlar yansıtılmasına karşın her iki süreci işleyen haberlerin de resmi söylemle uyumlu olduğunu
göstermektedir. Hem darbe yönetimi sürecinde hem de ANAP döneminde, muhalif olma iddiasındaki
bir gazetedeki haberlerin bile baskın görüşle örtüşmesi, ‘Suskunluk Sarmalı’nın varlığını açıkça ortaya
koymaktadır.
Hata Temelli Aktivitelerin 7. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Bazı İstatistik Kavramlarındaki Başarısı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Ramazan , YILDIRIM İshak , DOĞAN Muhammed Fatih
Published: November 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, hata temelli aktivitelerin 7. Sınıf veri analizi alt öğrenme alanına ait çizgi grafiği, ortalama, medyan ve mod kavramlarını öğrenmeye etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma hatalı örneklerle istatistik kavramlarının öğretilmesine dayalı yarı deneysel bir çalışma modelidir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 2018-2019 öğretim yılında 7. sınıfta öğrenim gören rastgele seçilmiş 70 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenim sürecinde hatalı çözülmüş örnekler içeren sekiz çalışma kağıdı kullanılmış, başarı testi hazırlanarak ön- test ve son- test olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Etkinliklerin etkisini incelemek amacıyla t-testi sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, hata temelli aktivitelerin çizgi grafiği, ortalama, medyan ve mod kavramlarının öğrenilmesine olumlu etki yaptığını göstermiştir.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae Against Green Shield bug, Palomena prasina L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: YİĞİT Şeyma , SARUHAN İslam
Published: November 2021

In this study, the entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae were evaluated against fourth nymphs and adults of the green shield bug, P. prasina. The experiment was conducted both under field and laboratory conditions. Isolates included six Beauveria bassiana, one Metarhizium anisopliae and one Isaria fumosorosea. Isolates were bioassayed against nymphs and adults in both under field and laboratory conditions. Four replications of the bioassays were analyzed and evaluated daily for 14 days. LT50 and LT95 values for the experimented isolates ranged from 4.19 to 7.11 days and from 6.68 to 11.30 days, respectively in laboratory for nymphs, ranged from 4.98 to 7.18 days and from 8.03 to 12.22 days, respectively in laboratory for adults. LT50 and LT95 values for the experimented isolates ranged from 6.69 to 10.70 days and from 10.29 to 17.91 days, respectively in field for nymphs, ranged from 7.29 to 10.70 days and from 11.23 to 17.91 days, respectively in field for adults. It was obvious that BB1/21b (Beauveria bassiana) was the most virulent on adults of P. prasina. As a result, while the effect of the isolates used in the study was high due to controlled conditions in the laboratory, it was low in field conditions.
Determinantes del perfil innovador y emprendedor para organizaciones del sector turismo de naturaleza
Authors: Rincón Díaz Carlos Augusto , Navarrete Jiménez Clemencia , Díaz Mateus Rubén Darío , Cadrazco Suárez Maryi Adriana
Published: November 2021

This research seeks to determine the innovation and entrepreneurship profiles in 10 organizations in the tourism nature sector located in El Yopal Casanare (Colombia) based on factors that integrate three components of innovation, entrepreneurship and sustainable development and characteristics of family businesses. For this, qualitative and quantitative instruments were applied and analyzed by crossing the three components. The results show that companies have a low innovation profile, interpreted as a profile to be developed, which by integrating it with the other components improves its results in some companies that reached a medium profile as a basis for promoting innovation
Application of the method of integral equations based on the Lorentz lemma for calculation of matching transitions between rectangular waveguides with offset axes
Authors: Garanin S. M. , Danilov I. N. , Kashin A. V. , Sedakov A. Yu.
Published: November 2021

This work presents a brief description of the method of integral equations. Integral equations are obtained on the basis of the integral form of Lorentz's lemma using a non-standard physical approach. This method allows one to calculate the characteristics of various three-dimensional irregularities of the waveguide path. As an example of such irregularity, the considered transition between straight shielded waveguides with offset axes and with different transverse sizes. The main attention is paid to the description of the developed numerical-analytical algorithm for calculating the transmission characteristics of the matching transition. A procedure for obtaining an approximate record of the field components on the surface of an irregular region is presented, which makes it possible to take into account the curvature of the wave surface of an electromagnetic wave propagating in the guiding structure. In this case, the profile of the longitudinal section of the guiding structure can be described by any analytical functions. The concept of a 4W-fold comparison waveguide is introduced. In addition, this paper presents the results of calculating the frequency dependences of the transmission characteristics of the fundamental wave of waveguide transition at displacements of the axis of the second waveguide relative to the axis of the first waveguide by different values. The indicated transmission characteristics are found for single-mode and multimode modes of operation of the waveguide transition. In order to verify the results obtained, they have been compared with the results obtained using a modern licensed computer-aided design tool CST Microwave Studio. To demonstrate the possibility of solving the problem of “functional” optimization using the developed algorithm, the results of calculating the transmission characteristics of a waveguide transition between rectangular waveguides with cosine functions describing the profile of the longitudinal section of an irregular region have been presented. In order to indirectly substantiate the equivalence of the initial integral equations underlying the constructed algorithm and the problem of diffraction of an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide transition, a test problem of calculating the transmission characteristics of a stepped transition of two rectangular regular waveguides with different sizes has been solved. The calculation results have been compared with the results obtained on the basis of the electrodynamic substantiated method of half-inversion of the operator of the original boundary value problem. In addition to all the above, in order to assess the validity of the proposed method and the numerical-analytical algorithm built on its basis, a study of the convergence of the calculated results against the approximation number has been made.
Determination of the effective specific conductivity of rough conductive surface
Authors: Biryukov V. V. , Kozhevnikova T. V. , Lobin S. G.
Published: November 2021

The paper considers a method for taking into account the roughness of the conductive shielding surfaces of guide electrodynamic structures. A brief overview of the existing models of surface roughness has been presented and the calculation method based on the gradient model has been analyzed. The rough surface has been modeled by a layered structure, in which the characteristics of the layers change smoothly, successively passing from the parameters of the air to the parameters of the metal. The reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave from such a layered structure has been found by the method of directed graphs, which allows us to take into account multiple reflections of waves from the boundaries of layers. The effective unit conductivity of a rough surface has been determined from the equality of the reflection coefficient from a rough surface and the reflection coefficient from a smooth surface. Using the developed technique, the dependences of the effective unit conductivity of a rough surface on the size and profile of the roughness and on the frequency have been obtained. It has been shown what effect the height and profile of the unevenness of the shielding surface has on the effective unit conductivity of the shielding surface, and hence on the attenuation per unit length of the eigenwaves of the guiding electrodynamic structures.
Nondestructive method of measurement of laminated plates dielectric parameters
Authors: Belov Yu. G. , Biryukov V. V. , Egorov I. A.
Published: November 2021

The methods for measuring the parameters of dielectric materials of foil plates have been considered. It has been shown that for “non-destructive measurements” (i.e., without removing the metal foil from the dielectric plate), a method based on the excitation of electromagnetic oscillations in a rectangular plate considered as a resonator can be used. Based on the results of measurements of their resonant frequencies and Q-factors, the relative permittivity and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the material can be determined. The calculated relations obtained by the authors of the article in one of the early works using the electrodynamic model of a resonator with “magnetic walls” at the ends have been presented. The Q-factor of the resonator has been calculated by the perturbation method, taking into account the losses in the plate dielectric and metallization layers. The results of measurements for four samples from different dielectrics in the frequency range 200...1000 MHz have been presented. The experimental method has been described, in particular, the method of identifying the type of oscillation, the procedure for processing the measurement results. Due to the high sensitivity of the vector analyzer, measurements have been made with a possible small connection of the resonator (metallized plate) with the measuring circuit. This made it possible to minimize the influence of the coupling elements on the measured Qfactor of the oscillations and to consider this Q-factor close to its own. The presented results are in good agreement with the reference data for the materials. The conducted studies have shown the possibility of using a resonator model with “magnetic walls” at the ends for the analysis of electromagnetic oscillations in a foil dielectric plate and, accordingly, using the relations obtained in this case to determine the parameters of the dielectric plate. The conditions for using this model are the small thickness of the plate in comparison with its transverse dimensions and relatively low operating frequencies. The method, which is based on the calculated ratios of the electrodynamic model of the resonator with “magnetic” walls at the ends, provides a sufficiently high accuracy of determining the relative permittivity of the plate material, which led to the use of it (the method) in practice to control the parameters of foil dielectric plates intended for the manufacture of microwave and UHF-band microcircuits. The studies, the results of which have been presented in this paper, allow us to conclude that this method can also be recommended for determining the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of the plate material.
Diagnostics of hypersonic plasma by method of intrinsic electromagnetic oscillations of open resonator with non-uniform inclusions
Authors: Kryachko A.F. , Kovalyov M.A. , Revunov G.M. , Tyurina A.I.
Published: November 2021

For various areas of radiophysics, plasma physics, studies of spectral and diffraction characteristics of open resonators containing various inhomogeneous inclusions within themselves are of great interest, the material parameters of which depend on spatial coordinates or on frequency parameters of the structure. Approximate models of optical resonators are based on integral equations, the nuclei of which are answered by non-self-conjugated completely continuous operators in some functional spaces (Hilbert or Banach spaces). The rationale for these equations does not seem mathematically correct enough. These equations are derived from the scalar formulation of the mathematically inconsistent Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Therefore, the relationship of these equations with the strict electrodynamic setting of the spectral problem is unclear and, therefore, the applicability of the corresponding models of optical resonators is unclear. The task set forth in the article is to build a strict mathematically justified and effective solution of edge problems about free and forced electromagnetic oscillations for one class of two-dimensional optical resonators with dielectric inclusions. The mirrors of this optical resonator are modeled by a final system of perfectly conductive open circular cylindrical surfaces, and the inclusions by a final system of circular cylindrical regions filled with dielectric medium. The wavelength, geometric parameters of the mirrors of the optical resonators, their mutual location, as well as the dimensions of the inclusions of a priori restrictions are not imposed. The main results obtained are also true for the case of an empty optical resonator that does not contain dielectric inclusions.
The broadband reflectionless filtering and matching circuit operating with high transformation ratio
Authors: Baranov A.V. , Kozikov A.L.
Published: November 2021

For matching transformed impedances, various methods are known in the literature that are used reactive, dissipative, and combined circuits. The operation of such circuits is possible either in a wide frequency band, but in the same standard paths, or in a narrow frequency band when matching impedances that differ from each other by a high transformation ratio. Unfortunately, with the help of known methods, it is impossible to matching impedances with a high transformation ratio and simultaneously to operating of the circuit in a wide frequency band. For a reflectionless high-pass filter, the task is to investigate the possibilities of expanding its operating frequencies band when matching impedances have high transformation ratio. For a typical reflectionless high-pass filter, the reflection coefficients of its two equivalent circuits operating in even and odd excitation modes are determined. They are used to find the frequency transmission coefficients for this device, as well as the transfer functions of the complex frequency. It is established that such device has a narrow band of operating frequencies when matching impedances have a high transformation ratio. Possible ways to expand the frequency band by introducing additional electromagnetic coupling to this device are considered. An absorbing filter-transformer with an additional electromagnetic coupling is investigated. The relations for calculating its main elements of the scheme are obtained. It is established that electromagnetic coupling in this device extends the operating frequencies band. Thus, when the magnetic coupling coefficient k tends to 1, this band can be expanded 1 1k2  times. The obtained theo- retical conclusions are fully confirmed by experimental results. The performed studies of reflectionless high-pass filter-transformer confirm the possibility of expanding the operating frequency band when matching impedances have high transformation. The proposed filter-transformer is recommended for use in the design of input matching circuits in power amplifiers using modern GaN transistors, for which broadband reflectionless matching is a necessary condition for eliminating parasitic excitations at low frequencies.
Theta rhythm, attention and transcranial stimulation method
Authors: Karatygin N.A. , Korobeinikova I.I.
Published: November 2021

Noninvasive methods of transcranial stimulation in clinical and research activity have become widely applied for the last few years. Due to the high spatial and temporal resolution, these methods allow to explore oscillatory processes that underlie important cognitive functions on a new level. In particular, researchers got an opportunity to influence rhythmic processes, which provide function of attention by these methods. By the way, stimulation of different brain zones with theta-rhythm frequency appears to be interesting, as far as oscillations of attention on this frequency reveal itself both in external activity of subject and in oscillatory activity of neurons and neural ensembles. Aim – analysis and summarize of domestic and foreign researches with usage of transcranial stimulation method to identify role of theta-rhythm in attention processes. Analysis of modern data concerning significance of theta-rhythm in organization of attention processes was performed analyzed. Different modes of transcranial stimulation methods, that allow to discover fundamental role of theta-rhythm in oscillatory activity of neural assembles, which are the base for attention mechanisms were considered. The review noted that the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction with potential excellent temporal and sufficiently decent spatial resolution, is extensively widely used. Usually, TMS is performed with usage single-pulse, paired-pulse, or repetitive rhythmic stimulation. In current review special attention is salaried to the theta burst stimulation protocol. It was suggested that current protocol hypothesizes to influence brain plasticity and simulates the effect of theta-gamma coupling, which is to change the amplitude of the potentials at the frequency of the gamma rhythm depending on the theta wave phase. During the applying of the TMS different variants, several research methodological approaches were applied. Thus, usage of TMS may disrupt functioning in certain cortex areas , also it is possible to increase the oscillatory activity of a particular region at a particular frequency and to enhance or decrease the synchronization of remote cortical areas in a certain frequency range. These approaches may be used directly during the execution of the test task by the subjects or in the period prior the test performing. Many researches show that transcranial stimulation of some zones of cortex contributes to the achievement of better results of examinee in tests on memory and attention. This effect is most often observed while usage of stimulation with theta-rhythm frequency. Improvement of memory and attention functions has high practical meaning for wide range of activity. Understanding of regularities and mechanisms of stimulation with theta-rhythm frequency would allow to create systems and protocols of stimulation, which would effectively improve these functions for the long period.
The possible mechanisms of electromagnetic phone effects on the auditory system of children and adolescents
Authors: Khorseva N.I. , Grigoriev P.E.
Published: November 2021

For the first time, we compared the gradients of changes in the simple auditory-motor response (SAMR) and the daily time of using a mobile phone (MP), which made it possible to describe the variants of possible changes in lateralization of effects and the frequency of their occurrence for different variants of SAMR changes. This study has no analogues neither in Russian nor in foreign publications and is currently exclusive. Objective – to determine the patterns of manifestation of contra- and ipsilateral effects, using individual changes in indicators of a simple auditory-motor response obtained as a result of longitudinal observations. The analysis of changes in the parameters of a simple auditory-motor reaction was carried out during mono-presentation of a sound signal on the left and on the right in 145 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years (470 measurements), who were under observation for 2 or more years, depending on changes in the mode of use mobile phone. Further, 48 cases were excluded (change in the lateralization of use, for example, the respondent brought the phone to both the right and the left ear, “changed” the leading ear, etc.). Three variants of changes in the mode of using MP in the longitude period (gradient of time change) were established: an increase in time (the group "less–more"), a decrease in time (group "more–less") and no changes. For each group, 4 variants of changes in the parameters of SAMR were revealed in the dynamics of observations along the longitude: decrease in SAMR indicators on the left (left ear) and increase in the right (right ear); decrease in indicators on the left and increase on the right and synchronous decrease or increase in indicators on the right and left. An assessment of the strength of the correlation was carried out (a linear Pearson correlation coefficient was used and an assessment of the statistical significance was carried out): between changes in the gradient of changes in the time of MP usage and SAMR, as well as changes in the lateralization of effects (changes in the frequency of occurrence of ipsi- and contralateral effects). The multivariance of changes in SAMR indicators and lateralization of effects was revealed depending on the mode of MP use. The proposed approach to the analysis of changes in a simple auditory-motor reaction and daily time of using a mobile phone makes it possible to suggest some mechanisms of changes in the parameters of the auditory analyzer in response to the duration of exposure to electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone. The presence of contralateral effects of changes in SAMR parameters can serve as an assessment of the “capture” of the brain structures of children and adolescents by MP electromagnetic radiation. The results obtained once again prove the level of negative impact on the auditory system of children and adolescents. The current situation requires an immediate solution by clear regulation of the use of cellular communications by the younger generation.
Support for management medical decisions and the nature of uncertainty in them
Authors: Zhuleva S.Yu. , Kroshilin A.V. , Kroshilina S.V.
Published: November 2021

The process of making a medical decision is characterized by a lack of knowledge and inconsistency of the available information, the lack of the possibility of attracting competent medical experts, limited time resources, incomplete or inaccurate information about the patient's condition. These aspects may be the causes of medical errors, which lead to further aggravation of the problem situation. Purpose – it is necessary to define and justify managerial medical decisions and types of medical information in conditions of uncertainty, when each variant of the sets of outcomes of the situation (recommendations) has its own unique set of values. The fundamental difference between this process for medical use is the concept of the "best medical solution", in which the key role is given to the patient's state of health in obtaining and evaluating alternatives, as well as the need to take into account the time, adverse reactions of the body and the costs of implementing this solution. In the medical field, support for medical decision-making can be classified as organizational-managerial and therapeutic-diagnostic, but both are determined by the position of the person making the medical decision and are aimed at effective management of the medical institution as a whole. The article describes the causes and factors of the nature of uncertainty in the tasks of supporting medical decision-making in medical-diagnostic and organizational-managerial areas. The analysis of the features of supporting medical decision-making in conditions of uncertainty is carried out. Approaches and directions in this area, as well as the concept of “solution”, are considered. The essence of the management medical decision is reflected. The classification of management medical decisions is given, the requirements that are imposed on them are highlighted. The features of the development of management medical solutions in the conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty, the problems that arise when they are implemented in information systems are presented. The general scheme of the process of creating a management medical solution is shown. The features of making group and individual decisions are reflected. The algorithm of actions of the person making the medical decision in the conditions of uncertainty, incompleteness and risk in medical subject areas is presented.
Development of neural network model for signs determination of atrial fibrillation for subsystem of cardiorhythmogram signals processing
Authors: Chelebaeva Yu.A.
Published: November 2021

Task of the analysis of a cardio rhythm in real time is detection of early arrhythmias for the purpose of their treatment and prevention of life-endangering arrhythmias. In order to solve the problem of classification of heart rhythm features based on cardiorhythmogram processing, an apparatus of artificial neural networks can be used. One of the most dangerous arrhythmias is atrial fibrillation. Therefore, the development of a neural network model for determining atrial fibrillation features, suitable for implementation on the programmable logic basis, for a subsystem for processing cardiorhythmogram signals is an urgent task. Purpose – development of a neural network model for determining atrial fibrillation features for a signal processing subsystem characterized by high reliability and the implementation possibility on the basis of programmable logic. A neural network model for features determining of atrial fibrillation has been developed, characterized by high reliability and insignificant hardware costs when implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Program modeling of neural network model for signs determination of atrial fibrillation is performed. A neural network model for characteristics determining of atrial fibrillation on hardware description language VHDL for use in the signal processing subsystem of a cardiorhythmogram based on FPGA was implemented. The findings suggest that the proposed model can be used in the construction of real-time heart rhythm control systems both for monitoring already diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, especially in intensive care wards, and for the prevention and early diagnosis of arrhythmias in individuals at high myocardial risk.
Selection of P300 signal features based on machine learning and the Morlet wavelet use for BCI applications
Authors: Haddad N. , Derkach M.V. , Dmitriev A.N. , Sergeev I.K. , Shchukin S.I.
Published: November 2021

Brain-computer interface is a promising technology that gives humans with a motor disease in some particular cases the ability to directly control computers or any external devices using only brain signals such as EEG. Among a variety of EEG patterns that were used to design EEG-based BCI, P300 is considered as one of the most common options for fine motor rehabilitation. Efficient P300 detection is essential due to its crucial role in evaluating the accuracy and reliability of brain-computer interfaces, in the last few years, Machine learning methods have been widely used as classifiers for P300. Where the quality of the classification using these methods significantly depends on the input features. This work aims to study the parameters of visual stimulation, as well as the characteristics of the P300, which would lead to an increase in the accuracy of the target stimulus detection for the P300-BCI system. Correlation analysis between target – non-target stimuli and wavelet Morlet has been done after splitting the data according to the stimulation frequency for comparisons, taking into account the stimulation parameters that were used in each experiment to find out which stimulation parameters are more suitable for brain-computer interface based on P300. A comparative analysis of various features of the P300 using artificial neural networks has been considered to achieve more analytical and consistent conclusions. The use of ANN in our work has been decided after considering many other methods like support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, and Random forest. A significant improvement in the classification accuracy was achieved using the correlation function as a P300 feature. It was found that the wavelet parameters should be selected individually for each participant. However, no direct relationship was found between the wavelet parameters and the stimulation frequency. Taking into account the individual parameters of the wavelet Morlet for each patient, and using the correlation function as a P300 feature, allows achieving a significant increase in the classification accuracy of the target stimulus. In addition to the importance of choosing the most appropriate paradigm during the experiment, which would increase the quality of data and thus improve BCI performance.