bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theatre use in a large speciality teaching hospital
Authors: Mathavan Piyali Mitra , Mansoor Faiyaz , Mathavan Muthu
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

The surgical suite typically consumes 9–10% of the hospital budget. Surgical suites once needed only 20% use to produce a positive bottom line. However, the economics of the operating room environment have changed dramatically in the past 25 years.

Aims:

The aim was to study the use of the operation unit; to study the various costs involved and taking out the per hour cost of running the operation theatre (OT), and based on these, indicators bring out areas of systemic improvisation.

Methodology:

The study was completed over a period of three months in 2014, on 9 OTs of various clinical specialities and super-specialities in a 750-bed superspeciality post-graduate teaching hospital. The information regarding the use of the OT was collected retrospectively through studying the related records of the OT.

Results:

It was observed from the study that there was maximum use of the plastic surgery OT, which is 95%, followed by urology (93%), orthopedic and neurosurgery (92% each), general surgery (88%), ENT and oncology/pediatric surgery (85% each), gynecology (81%) and the additional OT 80%. Operating room efficiency depends on operating room scheduling to ensure smooth patient flow to, through and from the OT. OT planning is a complex task where numerous resources must be synchronised to achieve efficiency. Surgeon availability; operating team scheduling; patient-related information (i.e. estimated operating time, priority and diagnosis); equipment; and support resources must be carefully orchestrated. The cost for running the OT per hour comes to €111.47. Eight hours and 10 minutes were not used. Therefore, a cost of € 902.9 (8.1 hours x €111.47) could be saved by addressing the various reasons for delay in the OT.
The Bowel Cancer Screening Programme: examining its successes and challenges
Authors: Cope Graham , Millard Clair
Published: October 2015

Bowel cancer is a major cause of premature mortality in the UK. While there are suitable, cost-effective screening procedures that identify early-stage disease and reduce cancer-related deaths, there are obstacles to uptake by the at-risk population, including embarrassment and distaste of sample collection, low sensitivity of the tests to identify cancer and precancerous conditions, and the suitability of the preparative processes prior to screening. This article describes the faecal occult blood tests used in the bowel cancer screening programme, the barriers to successful screening, the importance of bowel preparation and experiences from an NHS bowel cancer screening unit, in addition to new biomarker screening methods.
Admin woes? Find out what help is at hand
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: October 2015

Maximising efficiency in admin which involves parent information and payments can be tricky. Sal McKeown hears how two schools are running smoothly online.
Discover the impeccable prose of The Jungle Book
Authors: Murray John
Published: October 2015

Use this passage from Rudyard Kipling's classic to practise punctuation and focus in particular on correct use of the full stop. This is a springboard to wider discussion.
Hang on to their words
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: October 2015

Encouraging conversations around activities is a great way to help pupils develop their own perspective, understanding and empathy. Try these strategies.
Defying the limits of the plane: Two-dimensional space and its consequences in the search for the order of nature
Authors: Grüninger Paloma López
Published: October 2015

The discussion about the order of nature holds a central position in the History of Biological Science. It reached its culmination between the mid-eighteenth and the late nineteenth century, when new knowledge forced a rearrangement of existing thought patterns to adapt them to the recently discovered complexity. Not only different concepts about the relationships among organisms were superseding one another, but also images, as a variety of structures were used to visually display these ideas. Each of these visualizations, usually described as ladders, maps, networks and trees, developed a particular, individual formal language, generating a unique and fascinating collection of graphical examples. This formal variability is a product of the changing ideas about nature, about its origins, and even about the position attributed to human beings within it. However, it is also the result of the authors’ struggle with the drawing space in which this order was to be inscribed.

By studying the history of the illustration of the order of nature from the perspective of applied image production, by analysing the strategies their authors used to visually express their ideas, the graphical elements they employed, in summary, the visual choices they made, much can be learnt about the visual medium itself, its specificity, its possibilities, its power. Using this approach, the following article will show that the transition from the scala naturae to maplike or treelike structures cannot be seen exclusively as proof of an intellectual transition, as a succession of abstract ideas, but as creative attempts to solve specific spatial problems imposed by the realm of the visual.
Picturing the creation of the world: The cosmogenic illustrations of Buffon’s Natural History of the Earth (1749–1785)
Authors: Roche Lucile
Published: October 2015

In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, the origin of the universe was not only a theologic preoccupation, as various scientists attempted to construct a comprehensive vision of the Earth’s past, formation and chronology. Far from trying to conflict scientific statements with the sacred tradition, this literature harmonized them, giving birth to a unique and noteworthy literature concerned with the origin of the world: Theories of the Earth. Originally published in 1749, Histoire et théorie de la Terre/Natural History of the Earth is an example of this. Written by the French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc – aka Comte de Buffon – the treatise unveils the author’s cosmogenic views. According to him, the Earth is a fragment of the Sun, once impacted by a comet. The audacity of Buffon’s cosmogenic scenario can be surprising; yet it is nonetheless skilfully illustrated. Three of the illustrations draw our attention because of their distinct features. If some are highly accurate, others seem contradictory. This article will focus on the variety of outlooks its illustrations provide on the ground-breaking cosmogenic theory imagined by Buffon. We will particularly examine the extent to which they comply with the eighteenth-century ‘rationalization’ of the Genesis narrative.
Antropologia e Arquitectura: Modernismo e Crítica
Authors: Providência Paulo , Xavier Sandra , Quintais Luís
Published: October 2015

Não disponível
Rio de Onor 1963-1965
Authors: Fernandez Sergio
Published: October 2015

Uma relativa abertura resultante da conjuntura mundial do pós II Guerra irá permitir que a acção dos arquitectos, em óbvio contraponto aos modelos oficiais, pugne, e se afirme, por uma nova arquitectura que, aberta a valores de carácter internacional, se revê na produção do que se convencionou designar por Movimento Moderno. Os seus paradigmas serão tão rápida com acriticamente assimilados. Na  defesa da autenticidade de uma arquitectura moderna devidamente legitimada, levantam-se vozes autorizadas como as de Keil do Amaral, que, em 47, lança a ideia da ”…recolha e classificação de elementos peculiares à arquitectura portuguesa nas diferentes regiões do país… fontes mais puras e coerentes para a formação de uma arquitectura moderna portuguesa”, ou de Távora que, na mesma data, nos Cadernos de Arquitectura, dirá: “ A casa popular fornecer-nos-á grandes lições quando devidamente estudada pois ela é a mais funcional e menos fantasiosa…aquela que está mais de acordo com as novas intenções.” Dez anos mais tarde, pela voz de Nuno Portas, na revista Arquitectura, dir-se-á ser necessário “…aprofundar as condições sociais, as realidades humanas do meio a que se dirige o trabalho dos arquitectos…”. Está reposta a questão da identidade em termos que se pretendem de rigor. A concretização do Inquérito à Arquitectura Popular, iniciado no fim da década de 50 e publicado em 61, conduzirá, não só a uma profunda revisão dos parâmetros que condicionavam, em termos de linguagem e, até, do uso de recursos técnicos inadequados ou economicamente incomportáveis, como a uma visão mais ampla e mais incisiva do homem, em Portugal. É nesse contexto que decorre a experiência de Rio de Onor, trabalho académico cujo desígnio inicial se limitava ao estudo da arquitectura local na tentativa de verificação de como poderia um arquitecto agir, dentro das suas atribuições disciplinares, em ambiente de quase total isolamento e, como consequência, de permanência dos modelos e de tecnologias ancestrais.A hipótese de se construir um equipamento de interesse para a comunidade, veio, de certo modo, confirmar o objectivo inicial. A vivência prolongada, na aldeia, permitiu identificar os seus sistemas de funcionamento, muitas das suas carências e os seus legítimos desejos de promoção. Identificados com a sua realidade, facilmente se estabeleceram relações que nos foram revelando realidades distantes da nossa condição citadina.As possibilidades de intervir disciplinarmente em interacção com a população, resultaram praticamente nulas, dadas as condições políticas da época. Estamos certos, no entanto, que essa experiência viria a abrir caminho para o nosso modo de agir em comunhão com os moradores em luta, nos centros urbanos, no imediato pós 25 de Abril, em condições sócio políticas totalmente distintas.
A maquete como um croqui
Authors: Oliveira Juliano Carlos Cecílio Batista
Published: October 2015

Presents the teaching experience of using scale models as a means for the presentation and manipulation of the first ideas by students in a Project of the Built Environment 1 course in a School of Architecture and Urban Design. Discusses, as its main theme, the possibilities of creation and representation of the first ideas by beginning students. We perceive that the difficulties that arise at the beginning of design activities become intertwined, in beginning students, with difficulties related to architectural representation. What is the role of different types of representation in architecture for beginner student? It was possible to obtain better results while "teaching experience" subverting the classic role of graphical representation exercises in a studio? The work raises questions about the teaching of architecture design and possible methodological repercussions that help the beginner of design practice in the development of their ideas. The paper begins by discussing issues related to the representation in architecture, both graphically and through scale models. Then presents a methodological proposal for the exercises in the studio, discussing the results reported. The synthesis of the project, through the model, allows a clearer analysis even for the inexperienced student in dealing with projectual constraints and the project itself, thus obtaining interesting results as well as process and as product. Analysis of the results shows that the application of the scale model as the main element of discussion and presentation of the first ideas for the realization of the project was quite fertile, given the conditions that the exercise was developed and which must be observed: the student is beginner in design practice - are their first experiences in Workshops Project; the creation of a culture on the theme worked is essential - the study of similar projects, visit to the site, the clarity of the instruments of labor; the constant presentation and critique of the object designed by both the student and his colleagues as the teacher - activity performed in all classes, in the various stages of development.
Programas y procesos Sobre la docencia del proyecto y la arquitectura
Authors: Domingo santos Juan
Published: October 2015

Programs and process. A reflection on teaching projects and architecture

Architecture is not limited to drawing or function, it is not a plane or a photograph, is a vital process that combines experience, emotion and use. When working on a project we experience chance meetings, coincidences, discoveries and relationships that intertwine around themselves and eventually become the final product. From this perspective, creating what we call a “work of architecture” is simply an action based on observing, paying attention to what is happening around us and making connections between seemingly unrelated elements.

I think that architecture is not made of preconceived ideas; it comes from experimentation with a variety of topics related to issues such as landscape, archeology, agriculture, production, and history, among others.   The project is a game that ends up dissolving the usual forms of space in an attempt to place a humanized touch on its end product. Architectural design therefore is predicated on the specific relationship with each of these aforementioned aspects.
illustrated fragments on the “Porto School”
Authors: Costa Alexandre Alves
Published: October 2015

I was first admitted into the school as a student fifty-five years ago and I have been teaching there for forty. I lived through several episodes of its history, being a traveling participant. The first statement I would like to make is that I believe the Porto School does exist. It exists as a space for permanent thinking on architectural teaching, always trying to find its own discourse on method. Thus it has been done, and continues to be, with the simplicity of those who fulfil their duty, not impairing thought nor overly theorizing. I state it not with pride, but realism! Following the interest expressed by some sectors of international criticism, rather than at the national level, in determining the defining parameters of an hypothetical style and the temporal boundaries in the development of this “school” (regarded in the sense of a “trend”), we gradually became aware that this title should mainly relate to a group of architects who recognize themselves, like it or not, through their own existence.
Synthesis - Speculative Making as Architectural Thinking
Authors: Hatz Elizabeth Bonde
Published: October 2015

Synthesis - Making Architecture

Think of making architecture – and you may think of Kykeon - the famous Greek drink, taken at the peak of the Eleusinian Mysteries. The word means to mix, blend, fuse…

The act of transforming water, barley, herbs, honey, wine and ground goats cheese into a drink, required from the beginning probably both speculations, tests, observations and discoveries. The act itself gave name to the drink; it was the blending, the physical experience of fusing the ingredients together by mixing that created the wonder, Kykeon.

Austrian professor of philosophy Allan Janik investigated reflection as a theory of knowledge in his study “The Silence of Cordelia”.  A specialist on Wittgenstein, Janik argues from a series of tests that what he calls silent knowledge constitutes a realm of knowledge that can better be accessed through the synthesising complexity of arts than via calculating sciences. Certain complex things and skills simply seem to have to be acquired by physical experience and exchange, rather than only by words.

For an art as physical as Architecture, there would be no surprise if an equivalent of Janik’s silent knowledge would constitute a major element in producing and acquiring new creative knowledge.

 

Swedish Government initiated some 10 years ago a special funding program for research to be developed in art education, so called art research or Practice Based Research. Along with music, dance and visual arts, architecture was able to benefit from this rather bold initiative.

For Architecture, it seems to me, this was finally an acknowledgment of the fact that teaching architecture and researching architecture has to be approached also through the means of the making of architecture. A chance to directly test and challenge some of the processes involved in this making.

With a few examples from our programs, both in education and research, I would like to propose a discussion around the processes involved in the formation of Architectural Research by Design and how teaching architecture may form the rich foundation of creative research.
Speaking in tongues: the return of typological studies
Authors: Lopes Diogo Seixas
Published: October 2015

Speaking in tongues is a common expression for the word glossolalia, the usage of which is probably restricted to circles of the academia. Both terms relate to the idea of a sacred language, voiced by religious believers during meditation. Such language, seemingly impossible to understand, is made of broken syllables and vowels recited over and over. Due to their repetition, these particles of communication were the means to obtain a higher level of knowledge. The following presentation addresses the topic of teaching through design, and its need for synthesis, under a similar stance. It argues architecture must firstly be learned through the comprehension of its fundamentals. Type, a basic scheme of spatial organization, has been presented as such at diðerent moments of the history of this disciplinary field. Its education — currently facing the pressure of cultural commodification, bureaucratic overkill, and budget cuts — should consider a return to typological studies. They can provide a solution, among others, to come back to the syllables and vowels of architecture.
Α structural metaphor of techniques from music to architecture: contrapuntal tools in the design studio
Authors: DEMIRI KONSTANTINA
Published: October 2015

Architecture has historically more common elements with music than with the other arts. Their kinship lies not only on their mathematical base but also on their similar structural formation, compositional tools and terminology. Counterpoint in music is the technique of combining voices for a polyphonic form to be composed. In general, counterpoint is the art of manipulating a system of interrelations through which the whole is composed by its parts. The aim of the paper is to present the contents of an elective course in the School of Architecture (NTUA) where contrapuntal techniques, employed in musical composition, are tried out in the architectural synthesis. An issue raised is whether the metaphor of musical compositional tools in the design process can expand the students’ design potential. They explore the potentialities of this musical tool in the architectural design via small abstract exercises. Our approach is structural acting as a methodological base of the synthesis in the design studio. The structural design method will be exemplified with a presentation of two design studios through the students’ works, their conceptual ideas, their compositional structures and the tools employed.Historicamente, a arquitectura tem mais elementos em comum com a música do que com as outras artes. A sua afinidade encontra-se não só na sua base matemática mas também na sua formação estrutural, ferramentas de composição e terminologia semelhantes. Contraponto na música é a técnica de combinar vozes para que se componha uma forma polifónica. Em geral, contraponto é a arte de manipular um sistema de inter-relações, através do qual o todo é composto das suas partes. O objectivo da comunicação é apresentar os conteúdos de um curso opcional na Faculdade de Arquitectura (NTUA) onde técnicas de contraponto, utilizadas na composição musical, são experimentadas na composição arquitectural. Uma questão levantada é se a metáfora de ferramentas de composição musicais no processo do design pode enriquecer o potencial de design dos estudantes. Exploram-se as potencialidades desta ferramenta musical no projecto arquitectónico através de pequenos exercícios abstractos. A nossa abordagem é usar a estrutura como base metodológica da síntese no projecto. O método do design estrutural será exemplificado com a apresentação de dois projectos de arquitectura através dos trabalhos dos estudantes, das suas ideias conceptuais, das suas estruturas composicionais e das ferramentas utilizadas
Computação e síntese de projecto: modelos computacionias como instrumentos metodológicos no ensino de projecto
Authors: Figueiredo Bruno
Published: October 2015

O recurso a modelos computacionais como ferramentas de auxilio ao ensino de projecto é um assunto ainda pouco debatido e sem expressão nos currículos dos cursos de arquitectura em Portugal. Este artigo discute alguns tópicos que procuram clarificar a sua pertinência, nomeadamente, a metodologia que está inerente ao desenvolvimento de modelos computacionais no auxilio à geração de soluções de projecto, e ainda, por contribuírem para uma síntese de projecto.

Este artigo versa sobre a utilização de ferramentas digitais, em geral, e modelos computacionais em especifico, mostrando argumentos que se distanciam de ruptura metodológica e conceptual de processos de definição de projecto ditos tradicionais. Debate a possibilidade de transformação evolutiva desta mesma metodologia pelo aumento de recursos que se disponibilizam para o tratamento, organização e avaliação do conhecimento que os arquitectos têm sobre os princípios do projecto.
Teaching architecture in the training of civil engineering students at FEUP
Authors: Alves Fernando Brandao , Rangel Barbara
Published: October 2015

In recent years the discipline of Architecture in Master of Civil Engineering at FEUP, has been showing to future engineers the common territory of architecture and civil engineer. By building technologies, particularly structural systems, the pedagogic methodology shows this basilar triad, construction technology / structural system / architectural form, for the understanding of architectural grammar. In the lectures, with concrete cases in the history of architecture addresses the integrated design methodology. In practical classes, the analysis of specific projects, the preparation of drawings and even the preparation of models, shows the students the construction system in the studio and in the site, through the design tools. This article seeks to present the developed experience of the recent years in this course, in order to contribute to the increasingly urgent intersection of Architecture and Engineering.
Teaching through Design. Image as Operative History at the Porto School
Authors: Montenegro Manuel
Published: October 2015

The Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, as an institution, starts in 1979. To its works and the design of the new building for the School (1983-1996) presided the idea of maintaining and building upon two centuries of accumulated pedagogical experience in Architectural teaching, a purpose that will decisively condition the programmatic brief given to Álvaro Siza, and his response to it.From all the requirements, together with the careful selection of the architect and the client, we find a purpose to manage the explosive growth of the school guarding careful consideration of its teaching model. The brief and the design clearly show a strategy of resistance facing the instability of the postmodern condition, strengthening the disciplinary autonomy through the hegemonic centrality of the Design Studio space and its product as the main synthesis of knowledge in Architecture.It is our understanding that this strategy may also have to do with a desire to invest the building with the role of a permanent lesson in architecture, and by immersion, educating its inhabitants in a “particular way of doing and teaching architecture” [Távora, 1991], thus developing in them the capacity for simultaneous analysis and synthesis of architecture, a particular characteristic of the Porto School.
1.2. Didática. Os suportes operativos
Authors: Borges Pedro Maurício
Published: October 2015

Breve texto de introdução à Sessão 1.2. sobre o tema da Didática.

Resumo do Debate que o autor moderou após as Comunicações.
Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kant Shashi , Singh Y.V. , Jat Lokesh Kumar , Meena R. , Singh S.N.
Published: October 2015

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.
Products of incomplete gamma functions
Authors: AlAhmad Rami
Published: October 2015

Many properties of gamma functions are known. In this paper, we extend similar properties to incomplete gamma functions. In particular, it is known that
An examination of the convergence between the conceptualization and the measurement of humor styles: A study of the construct validity of the Humor Styles Questionnaire
Authors: Heintz Sonja , Ruch Willibald
Published: October 2015

The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ;
Communicable Disease and Homeland Security: An Assessment of the US 2014 Ebola Incident
Authors: Taylor Eric R.
Published: October 2015

During October 2014, the US experienced several cases of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). These occurrences arose from infected people entering the US including as well, physicians and nurses contracting the disease in the course of rendering medical care to the infected. The extent of the outbreak, as limited as it fortunately was, revealed problems in preparedness and the technical protocols followed in dealing with such a virulent disease pathogen. It may even serve as a warning that US policies and practices in dealing with hyper-infectious and seriously communicable disease have fallen short and require technically critical reassessment in how the US should or may need to respond to such incurable pathogens that enter the country, regardless if a natural or a terrorist mediated event. The issue of individual rights against quarantine also arises. This paper offers examination and suggestions for official responses to safeguard the health and rights of all.
La Rotondité de la Terre: une chance pour la paix
Authors: Piché Claude
Published: October 2015

In his
[4-tBu-2,6-{P(O)(OiPr)2}2C6H2Sn(PPh3)Cr(CO)5]ClO4 – a salt containing a cationic triphenylphosphane-stabilized organostannylene transition metal complex
Authors: Wagner Michael , Zöller Thomas , Dietz Christina , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: October 2015

The isolation and molecular structure of bis(di-
Public Policy Design: How to Learn From Failures
Authors: Coletti Paola
Published: October 2015

Learning from the successes and failures of others is a necessity in the field of public sector innovation. The rapid diffusion of policy innovations in different countries has been characterized by a schizophrenic adoption of practices with governments utilizing those considered the “best” as well as those deemed capable of actually providing solutions to policy problems. Nevertheless, the replication of policy innovations in different countries has been met with varying degrees of success. The adoption of the Standard Cost Model in a number of European countries, a methodology to measure red tape and improve the quality of regulation provides an excellent example of this due to it being met with success in some countries while failing inexplicably in others.
Reducing Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Expression Improves Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Caccamo Antonella , Branca Caterina , Talboom Joshua S. , Shaw Darren M. , Turner Dharshaun , Ma Luyao , Messina Angela , Huang Zebing , Wu Jie , Oddo Salvatore
Published: October 2015

Aging is the most important risk factor associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular mechanisms linking aging to AD remain unclear. Suppression of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) increases healthspan and lifespan in several organisms, from nematodes to mammals. Here we show that S6K1 expression is upregulated in the brains of AD patients. Using a mouse model of AD, we found that genetic reduction of S6K1 improved synaptic plasticity and spatial memory deficits, and reduced the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau, the two neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Mechanistically, these changes were linked to reduced translation of tau and the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, a key enzyme in the generation of amyloid-β. Our results implicate S6K1 dysregulation as a previously unidentified molecular mechanism underlying synaptic and memory deficits in AD. These findings further suggest that therapeutic manipulation of S6K1 could be a valid approach to mitigate AD pathology.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about how it contributes to AD pathogenesis. S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is a protein kinase involved in regulation of protein translation. Reducing S6K1 activity increases lifespan and healthspan. We report the novel finding that reducing S6K1 activity in 3xTg-AD mice ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits. These improvement were associated with a reduction in amyloid-β and tau pathology. Mechanistically, lowering S6K1 levels reduced translation of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and tau, two key proteins involved in AD pathogenesis. These data suggest that S6K1 may represent a molecular link between aging and AD. Given that aging is the most important risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, our results may have far-reaching implications into other diseases.
Creating & Teaching with Simple Animation: Making Biology Instruction Come Alive
Authors: Zanin Mary K. B.
Published: October 2015

Over the years, many of my students have reported that they enjoy lectures that include short, simple animations. To keep students engaged, I have developed a small set of teaching animations using PowerPoint and Camtasia Studio software packages. A survey of students who learned four difficult topics with traditional written lessons and with these animations revealed that 80% of the students say that they learn better when animations are included. With such a majority reporting that cartoons engage them in learning, I wanted to share my simple method of creating them with the teaching community.
No Data Required
Authors: Hafer Abby
Published: October 2015

Intelligent Design (ID) proposes that biological species were created by an intelligent Designer, and not by evolution. ID's proponents insist that it is as valid a theory of how biological organisms and species came into existence as evolution by natural selection. They insist, therefore, that ID be taught as science in public schools. These claims were defeated in the Kitzmiller case. However, ID's proponents are still influential and cannot be considered a spent force. The question addressed here is whether ID's claim of scientific legitimacy is reinforced by quantified results. That is, do they have any data, or do they just argue? The ID articles that I analyzed claimed to present real science, but they rarely referred to data and never tested a hypothesis. Argumentation, however, was frequent. By contrast, peer-reviewed articles by evolutionary biologists rarely argued but referred frequently to data. The results were statistically significant. These findings negate claims by ID proponents that their articles report rigorous scientific research. Teachers will find this article helpful in defending evolution, distinguishing science from non-science, and discussing the weaknesses of ID.
Developing Science Observation Skills
Authors: Sammet Rebecca , Dreesmann Daniel
Published: October 2015

Acorn ants (genus Temnothorax) are a powerful model organism for illustrating the variety of interactions in an ecosystem. We developed five teaching units with acorn ants as the exemplary insect. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary school students’ attitudes before and after teaching units. Students (N = 459) from 22 classes participated in the study. Students’ attitudes were measured using a two-stage test design. We investigated the influence of class level, gender, teaching units, and time period of participation on students’ attitudes. Additionally, we surveyed a subsample of students on their learning enjoyment in 10-minute interviews. The findings suggest that students’ previous investigations with insects in science classes had been few. The results indicate an influence of gender, time period, and the autonomous keeping of ants on attitudes toward the social insects. Although no changes in attitudes were observed for students of lower and higher secondary school, students at the intermediate level had slightly higher attitude scores on the posttest than on the pretest. The majority of students evaluated teaching units positively. Our findings suggest that ant research may offer new opportunities for directing students’ attention to native woodland inhabitants.
Doing It Again
Authors: Eberhardt Laurie S.
Published: October 2015

Repeatability underpins a basic assumption in science which students must learn in order to evaluate others’ research findings as well as to communicate the results of their own research. By attempting to repeat the methods of published studies, students learn the importance of clear written communication, while at the same time developing research skills. I describe three examples of published field studies that can be used as the basis for course exercises on the repeatability of methodology, as well as field sampling techniques, all grounded in the overall topic of environmental change. Two of the exercises returned students to the exact location of the past research that they had previously read from the primary literature, making it possible to clarify the difference between reproducibility and repeatability in field-based research. When student-collected data differed from published results, students explored, through both post-project discussions and written work, factors that could explain this variation, including methodology, ecological succession, and climate change. Assessments and student comments on course evaluations showed that these exercises have a positive impact on students’ communication skills and engagement with the scientific process.
Glucose fluctuation increased hepatocyte apoptosis under lipotoxicity and the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition opening
Authors: Yin Xueyao , Zheng Fenping , Pan Qianqian , Zhang Saifei , Yu Dan , Xu Zhiye , Li Hong
Published: October 2015

Oxidative stress is considered to be an important factor in producing lethal hepatocyte injury associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glucose fluctuation, more pronounced in patients with diabetes, has been recognized as an even stronger oxidative stress inducer than the sustained hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the role of glucose variability in the development of the NAFLD based on hepatocyte apoptosis and possible mechanisms. To achieve this goal we studied C57BL/6J mice that were maintained on a high fat diet (HFD) and injected with glucose (3 g/kg) twice daily to induce intermittent high glucose (IHG). We also studied hepatic L02 cells incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis. The following experimental groups were compared: normal glucose (NG), sustained high glucose (SHG) and IHG with or without PA. We found that, although hepatic enzyme levels and liver lipid deposition were comparable between HFD mice injected with glucose or saline, the glucose injected mice displayed marked hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, accompanied by increased lipid peroxide in liver.In vitro, in the presence of PA, IHG increased L02 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and produced pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction relative to the NG and SHG groups. Furthermore, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor, cyclosporin A (1.5 μmol/l), prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our data suggests that IHG under lipotoxicity might contribute to the development of NAFLD by increasing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis via MPT and its related mitochondrial dysfunction.
KONSTRUKSI EPISTEMOLOGIS PENALARAN HUKUM IMAM SYÂFI’Î Asep Opik Akbar
Authors: Akbar Asep Opik
Published: October 2015

Epistemological Construction of Imam Syâfi’î Legal Reasoning. Imam Syâfi’î has a major contribution in laying the foundation and methodological principles of Islamic law (ushûl al-fiqh), supporting a strong unity between the Alquran and the Sunah as well as providing a level of convergence between the reasoning of ahl al-hadîtsand ahl al-ra’y. The methodology offered by Imam Syâfi’î is well suited and relevant to the context of the social and cultural conditions of the time. This article elaborates more comprehensively on the legal reasoning offered by the Imam Syâfi’î. However, in the current context, the process of legal reasoning that is offered by Imam Syâfi’î deserves further study considering the different challenges and opportunities. Other ijtihâdmethods need to be considered in the legal process at this time.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1277
أثر قول الصحابي في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: هناء سيتي
Published: October 2015

The influence of Qawl al-Shahâbî in Islamic Law.Islamic law is dynamic because it always responds to legal problems that concern social life. This dynamic has been supported by the limitless sources of Islamic law. There are two types of Islamic sources: undebatable sources (muttafaq ‘alayh) such as Alquran, hadîts, ijmâ’and qiyas, and debatable sources (mukhtalaf fîh) such as maslahah mursalah, istihsân, ‘urf, qawl al-shahâbî, istishhâband sadd al-dzarâ’i’. Qawl al-Shahâbîhas an important position in the formation of Islamic law because the fuqahâmuch refer to them when wanting to issue fatwâ. The disagreements of ulama over evidence do not die on rejection, but intensify on the use of the law as the main source.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1290
Riesgo de depresión y factores asociados en adultos mayores. Antioquia, Colombia. 2012
Authors: Segura Cardona Alejandra , Cardona Arango Doris , Segura Cardona Ángela , Garzón Duque María
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Explorar la asociación entre el riesgo de depresión y los aspectos demográficos, sociales y funcionales de los adultos mayores del Departamento de Antioquia en el año 2012.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal analítico de fuente primaria de 4 248 adultos mayores. Se valoraron características demográficas, sociales y funcionales. Se calcularon OR crudos y ajustados para buscar asociación entre el riesgo de depresión medida con la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage y demás variables de interés.

Resultados El riesgo de depresión se asoció con la edad, el estado civil, el nivel educativo, el consumo de alcohol y cigarrillo; al igual que con la poca o nula participación en actividades comunitarias (OR=1,9; IC95 % [1,2;3,0], la percepción de mala calidad de vida (OR=10,0; IC95% [2,0;48,8] y la pérdida de capacidad funcional (OR=6,3; IC95 % [2,9;13,9].

Conclusiones El riesgo de depresión en el adulto mayor está más asociado a la dificultad para relacionarse con su entorno físico y afectivo, que a la condición biológica del padecimiento; situación que se podría prevenir si se refuerzan los lazos familiares y se propende por un envejecimiento más activo y funcional.
Predicting Chemistry Achievement through Task Value, Goal Orientations, and Self-Efficacy: A Structural Model
Authors: Uzuntiryaki-Kondakci Esen , Senay Ayse
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among task value, goal orientations, and chemistry self-efficacy in predicting 11th grade Turkish students’ chemistry achievement. A total of 572 11th grade students taking chemistry participated in the study. Data were collected using Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Chemistry Self-Efficacy Scale, and Chemistry Achievement Test. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that task value was a significant positive predictor of mastery-approach goals, performance-approach goals, and mastery-avoidance goals. Mastery-approach goals and performance-approach goals were found to be a positive predictor of chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills, whereas mastery-avoidance goals negatively predicted chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills. Lastly, chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills was a significant positive predictor of chemistry achievement. Overall, findings of the present study extend the existing body of literature on the interplay between task value, goal orientations, and chemistry self-efficacy in predicting chemistry achievement.
Epidendrum tripunctatum (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae): the tale of two species
Authors: Higgins Wesley
Published: October 2015

El nombre Epidendrum tripunctatum fue usado por John Lindley para dos especies claramente diferentes; una de México, la otra de Brasil. Los homónimos pueden crear a menudo mucha confusión; en el caso referido es necesaria una nueva combinación, Prosthechea micropus, para corregir la nomenclatura errónea.
Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: October 2015

Se describe la nueva especie B. fuscosquamosum A.Rojas (Blechnaceae) de la región neotropical. La especie más cercana es B. fragile (Liebm.) C.V.Morton & Lellinger, con la cual se compara.
Epicladium Small or Guarianthe Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)?
Authors: Beckner John
Published: October 2015

El nombre genérico Guarianthe Dressler&W.E.Higgins ha sido poco aceptado por los horticultores. Si se trata de un género diferente a Cattleya Lindl., este hecho es significativo. Todas las especies de Guarianthe tienen gran importancia hortícola y han dado origen a miles de híbridos artificiales. En todo caso, Guarianthe no puede ser reemplazado por Epicladium Small, el cual se basa en Epidendrum boothianum. Ambos nombres genéricos no son equivalentes.
Il flagello delle meretrici et la virtù donnesca nei figliuoli di Giovanni Antonio Massinoni.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Ken w Krakowie, Boni Fabio
Published: October 2015

GIOVANNI ANtONIO MASSINONI’S IL FLAGELLO DELLE MERETRICI ET LA VIRTù DONNESCA NEI FIGLIUOLI This article analyses the booklet Il Flagello delle Meretrici et la Virtù Donnesca nei Figliuoli by Giovanni Antonio Massinoni (XVI–XVII centuries). The first part of the article presents a bio-bibliographical profile of the author, based on the little information that is available, and gives an overview of the diffusion of the book. The second part analyses the text. The structure of Il Flagello is presented first in the context of the misogynous tradition; then, La Nobiltà Donnesca nei Figliuoli will be examined. The last section contains an attempt to explain the reasons why two texts that are apparently in contradiction with one another are included in the same book and are part of the book’s title.
Włoska oświata i myśl pedagogiczna w polskiej literaturze historyczno-pedagogicznej.
Authors:   Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, Wnęk Jan
Published: October 2015

ITALIAN EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICAL THINKING IN POLISH HISTORICAL-PEDAGOGIC LITERATURE The Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thinking have proud traditions. Italian education and its school system aroused and still arouse much interest among Polish educational historians, and numerous books and articles continue to be published on these subjects. these works provide the knowledge of the development of the Italian school system and Italian education across all historical periods; however, humanistic education issues and the meaning of Italy’s pedagogical thinking for the development of new educational concepts are discussed most frequently. Polish educational historians study Saint John Bosco’s and Maria Montessori’s views on education, providing critical analysis of education reforms introduced during Benito Mussolini’s rule. Polish academic works and popular science works published in the last two centuries, which are an interesting source of knowledge for Polish readers, give a compelling account of the Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thinking of the past. there is no doubt that Poles’ knowledge about the development of Italian educational ideals was significantly broadened by numerous historical and pedagogical publications. It should be noted that the most prominent Polish historians of education who speak Italian and know Italy’s archival sources and its rich academic literature had written about Italy’s education. As a result, their works have an important cognitive value, and they show that Poles not only had admired Italian education, but they also had been able to critically assess foreign pedagogical ideals. Additionally, the publications show that, in some historical periods, interest in the Italian education system and Italian pedagogical thought was great (notably, during the Renaissance), while in some centuries (such as the 19th century), it was scant.
HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUILTY EFFECT
Authors: Iljinsky I. M. , Alexeeva L. S. , Kurenkova L. G. , Shevchenko A. O. , Saitgareev R. Sh. , Poptsov V. N.
Published: October 2015

Aim. Identifi cation of possible histological differences of the Quilty effect in acute rejection and its absence as well as studying the proliferation of blood and lymph vessels in the area of Quilty damage.

Materials and methods. 883 endomyocardial biopsy materials from 352 patients were studied. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson method; the endothelium of lymphatic vessels was stained with immunoperoxidase method using a marker D2-40.

Results. The Quilty effect was observed both in acute rejection and inits absence. In the majority of cases the Quilty effect was of type «A» and it was combined with acute rejection. The Quilty effect of type «B» has been mostly in the G2R. Acute rejection is characterized by diffuse form of endocardium lymphoid infi ltration. Follicular form resembles lymphoid organ tissue. Different types and forms of the Quilty effect may be combined in the same biopsy. Proliferation of blood vessels presents in the area of the Quilty effect. Lymphatic vessels are missing in endocardium and in the area of the Quilty effect. They could be found only in the myocardium of endomiocardial biopsy.

Conclusion. Diffuse lymphoid infi ltration of the endocardium is a characteristic feature of acute rejection of the transplanted heart. Follicular form of the Quilty effect is similar to lymphoid tissue whose role requires further study using immunohistochemical methods.