bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation Strategies Employed by EFL Learners and the Impact of That on Their Translation Skills Development
Authors: Hassan Abdulkhaleq Q. A.
Published: April 2020

The present cross-sectional empirical study investigates the different types of strategies and methods that the undergraduate students employ when translating from their native language into the target language and vice versa. The study was conducted on one hundred twenty, third and fourth year, students at the College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University. The data were collected through translation tasks and questionnaires. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze and interpret the data collected to achieve the objectives of this study. The study revealed valuable information. The most favored strategies by Arab college students were literal translation, free translation and word-for-word translation respectively. More than half of the all used strategies were literal translation with a percentage of about fifty-five. The mixed translation strategies were found to be about twenty one percent for all the three levels. Free translation strategy was only fourteen percent which is, somehow, a low percentage. The students showed considerable improvement as they progress from one level to a higher one. It is expected that translation instructors as well as course designers will reflect on the findings of this study by raising the learners’ awareness of the great differences between English and Arabic when teaching or designing translation courses. Parallel texts that include literal translation as well as free translation have to be included to show the deficiency and ungrammaticality of the texts produced when applying literal translation.
Under Pressure! Nudging Electricity Consumption within Firms. Feedback from a Field Experiment
Authors: Charlier Christophe , Guerassimoff Gilles , Kirakozian Ankinée , Selosse Sandrine
Published: April 2020

Many economists and psychologists have studied the impact of nudges on households’ pro-environmental behaviors. Interestingly, “private nudges” can be imagined for companies. Yet, studies focusing on nudging employees’ energy use are rare. The objective of our paper is to explore this issue with the help of a field experiment conducted at 47 French companies’ sites. Using a difference-in-differ-ence methodology, the effects of three nudges on employees’ energy conservation are tested. The first nudge, “moral appeal”, stresses the responsible use of energy. The second one, “social comparison”, informs employees on the energy consumption of other firms participating in the experiment. Finally, the third nudge, “stickers”, alerts employees about good energy conservation practices. Our results stress the complementarity of these nudges. When implemented alone, the three nudges have no significant effects on energy consumption. However, when the moral appeal and social comparison nudges are combined with the stickers nudge, they become effective.
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Abdel-Messeih Phebe Lotfy , Alkady Manal Mohamed , Nosseir Neveen Mostafa , Tawfik Mohamed Said
Published: April 2020

Background: CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory chemokine that mediates renal infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells.Aim: To investigate serum levels of CXCL16 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and their correlation with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).Methods: The study included 40 hemodialysis patients (22 males) and 40 age and gender-matched controls (24 males). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphorous were assayed in participants using routine methods, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by quantitative chromatographic spectrophoto metry, iPTH by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay, CRP by nephelometry and CXCL16 by ELISA technique.Results: Serum CXCL16, CRP, PTH, FBS, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (p<0.00001). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for calcium, phosphorous, and HbA1c. SerumCXCL16 levels correlated positively with CRP (r=0.956, p<0.00001) and iPTH (r=-0.403, p<0.001). Hemodialysis patients (diabetics or hypertensives) had significantly higher CXCL16 levels compared to non-diabetics or nonhypertensives.

Conclusions: High levels of serum CXCL16, CRP and iPTH reflect the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients and help avoid complications. Serum CXCL16 could be used as a biomarker together with CRP in these patients.
La definición constitucional del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva
Authors: Carrasco Durán Manuel
Published: April 2020

El derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva ha sido escasamente estudiado por la doctrina del Derecho Constitucional. Sin embargo, este derecho está presente en la mayor parte de las demandas que llegan al Tribunal Constitucional a través del recurso de amparo, y por ende en la mayoría de las sentencias que aquél dicta. El contraste entre uno y otro dato se debe a la percepción que existe acerca de la naturaleza predominantemente procesal de este derecho. Esta percepción aboca en muchas ocasiones a una mala comprensión del citado derecho.La finalidad del presente trabajo es delimitar el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva desde su naturaleza constitucional, sobre la base de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional. Se afirmará que el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva abarca todo el proceso y que, por tanto, no es posible delimitar este derecho a partir del tradicional esquema basado en la distinción entre un contenido de naturaleza constitucional y un contenido de legalidad «ordinaria». Por el contrario, lo que distingue al derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva es la perspectiva que obliga a adoptar a quien desee fundamentar en él su argumentación. El derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva no permite revisar el acierto de las resoluciones judiciales, sino la razonabilidad de la argumentación desarrollada por los órganos judiciales para fundamentar sus resoluciones.De esta manera, la argumentación basada en el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva distingue varias vertientes en este derecho y aplica una serie de tests, que dan la medida de la razonabilidad exigida a las resoluciones judiciales en cada caso. El presente trabajo detalla, precisamente, estas vertientes y tests. Ello da lugar a que la doctrina sobre el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva sea imprecisa, ya que emplea conceptos tales como la razonabilidad, la proporcionalidad, la eficacia o la finalidad de las actuaciones judiciales y el contexto de los casos, entre otros. Sin embargo, esta característica no puede sorprender, ya que es inherente, precisamente, a su no siempre bien comprendida naturaleza de derecho fundamental.
Cláusulas antidiscriminatorias y motivos de discriminación en las Constituciones europeas
Authors: Ruiz Vieytez Eduardo J.
Published: April 2020

Casi todas las constituciones europeas incluyen referencias expresas a la prohibición de discriminación, normalmente a través de la incorporación de cláusulas específica y exclusivamente orientadas a ello. A su vez, en la mayoría de dichas disposiciones constitucionales se incorporan listados de los factores o elementos que se consideran especialmente proclives a motivar una discriminación o diferencias que meritan una especial protección por parte del ordenamiento jurídico.  Comparar y sistematizar los motivos concretos de discriminación que las constituciones europeas mencionan plantea en primer lugar una serie de dificultades metodológicas sobre las que es preciso advertir. Además de las barreras lingüísticas propias del análisis de textos producidos en idiomas diferentes, es necesario definir el ámbito de estudio tanto por la vertiente normativa como por la geopolítica. Una vez realizadas las necesarias acotaciones conceptuales previas, puede concluirse la existencia de ciertos patrones comunes tanto en cuanto a la redacción de las cláusulas constitucionales antidiscriminatorias como en cuanto a los listados de las diferencias expresamente protegidas o motivos de discriminación.  Así, en la actualidad, muchas constituciones europeas incluyen referencias expresas a la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, más allá de la inclusión de factores como el género o sexo entre los motivos explícitos de discriminación. Por lo que respecta a éstos, los factores cuya consideración se considera discriminatoria más ampliamente citados en las constituciones europeas incluyen la religión, el sexo o género, los rasgos fenotípicos, la lengua, las opiniones y convicciones, las condiciones sociales o económicas y el origen nacional o étnico. La posible agrupación de al menos tres cuartas partes de los motivos citados en torno a los factores mencionados demuestra patrones muy comunes al respecto en el Derecho constitucional comparado. Al mismo tiempo, solo parte de las constituciones incluyen cláusulas abiertas o motivos residuales, lo que puede dificultar la apreciación de discriminaciones múltiples de tipo interseccional. Es preciso también adaptar estas normas y su interpretación ante posibles discriminaciones futuras basadas en el uso masivo de datos individuales referidos simultáneamente a varios motivos de discriminación.
¿Cómo se nombra discrecionalmente el Poder Judicial? El Consejo General del Poder Judicial y la Judicial Appointment Commission en el Reino Unido
Authors: Fernández Riveira Rosa María
Published: April 2020

Cuando hablamos de independencia judicial es importante desgranar los múltiples parámetros que son decisivos para su análisis. Uno de los más importantes es la forma en que se nombran los Jueces y Magistrados en un determinado modelo. Los procedimientos son decisivos para poder conseguir jueces justos, legítimos, representativos e independientes. Varios aspectos deben considerarse y respetarse en los procedimientos de selección de la judicatura: el mérito y la capacidad, la especialización y el firme compromiso con la diversidad. Y todo ello en el ánimo de lograr una judicatura representativa de la sociedad real.
Liberalización de los servicios transfronterizos en el Derecho de la Unión Europea
Authors: De Miguel Canuto Enrique
Published: April 2020

El trabajo aborda la metodología, sistema conceptual y estructuras argumentativas empleadas por el Tribunal de la Unión en el examen de la liberalización o libre prestación de servicios transfronterizos entre Estados de la Unión, que pone en juego al Estado de acogida y al Estado de origen del prestador, precisando las condiciones del principio de igualdad de trato o trato nacional y en qué escenario se introduce el principio de proporcionalidad.El control judicial de la libre prestación de servicios envuelve un juicio de equiparación en el trato, que sigue el patrón metodológico de un juicio de igualdad: supone la exigencia de una equivalencia en el trato (liberalización de cargas) entre los servicios transfronterizos y los servicios internos, que rechaza la injustificada discriminación u obstaculización en contra del servicio transfronterizo frente al servicio interno.El juicio de equiparación con el nacional presupone aceptar la validez de la norma nacional sobre la prestación del servicio, en una eventual “situación interna”. Si el actor pone en cuestión la norma nacional en liza entonces debe dirimirse la cuestión sobre el Derecho de la Unión en un previo juicio de proporcionalidad.La libre prestación de servicios transfronterizos supone, de ordinario, el ejercicio de una actividad por cuenta propia con carácter temporal, frente a la vocación de permanencia que caracteriza el establecimiento del empresario para el ejercicio de una actividad económica por cuenta propia, en el Estado de recepción. En los supuestos típicos de libre prestación de servicios el elemento subjetivo es un empresario no establecido en el territorio del Estado de destino del servicio.
LECTURAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS DE CAROLINA CORONADO CON/SIN PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO: LAS ESCRITORAS ESPAÑOLAS ANTE “LA FLOR ROMÁNTICA”
Authors: ESTABLIER PÉREZ Helena
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Este trabajo trata de identificar las primeras discordanciasen el recorrido del discurso crítico sobre la obra de la poetisa románticapor excelencia, Carolina Coronado, y relacionarlas con los indiciostempranos de una lectura de sus composiciones con perspectiva de género.Se estudian para ello los ensayos que tres escritoras contemporáneas,Carmen de Burgos, Margarita Nelken y Alfonsa de la Torre, dedican a lapoeta extremeña a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XX, tratando derevelar cómo en estos ejercicios de crítica literaria paralelos a la tradiciónvigente, se observan ciertas brechas interpretativas conectadas tanto conla posición autorial periférica de quienes los firman —mujeres inmersasen un contexto literario casi exclusivamente masculino— como con lasmarcas de género presentes en su objeto de estudio. Abstract: This paper focuses on the first mismatches observed in thecritical discourse about the Spanish romantic poetess Carolina Coronado,considering them as early signs of the application of a gender perspective in the contemporary readings of her compositions. To this end, we consider the essays dedicated to Carolina Coronado by three Spanish women authors —Carmen de Burgos, Margarita Nelken y Alfonsa de la Torre— in the first half of the twenteenth century, and we try to explain their gaps with the standing critical tradition attending to their peripheric position in a male Literary context as well as to the gender marks present on the subject of their studies, the poetry of Carolina Coronado.
DE ALTERIDADES Y MADRIGUERAS DE CONEJO: ESPACIALIDAD Y SIMBOLOGÍA EN LOS CUENTOS FANTÁSTICOS DE JULIO CORTÁZAR
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ BARCÓN Alberto
Published: April 2020

Resumen: El artículo propone una revisión crítica de los principalesanálisis en torno a la dimensión espacial en los cuentos fantásticos de JulioCortázar hasta la fecha. A partir de este objetivo general, se sugieren doshipótesis de trabajo. Primero, confirmar aquellas teorías que señalan queel espacio es la estructura vertebral que sostiene su arquitectura fantásticay, segundo, que este espacio interactúa de manera interdependiente ydialógica con otros elementos escénicos hasta configurar una complejaurdimbre de símbolos y códigos que posibilitan el tránsito entre el mundoreal y el extraordinario en el imaginario literario cortazariano. Abstract: The article proposes a critical review of the main approachesabout the spatial dimension in Julio Cortázar’s fantastic stories to date.From this general objective, two working hypotheses are suggested. First,confirm those theories that indicate that space is the vertebral structurethat sustains its fantastic architecture and, second, that this space interactsin an interdependent and dialogical way with other scenic elements untilit forms a complex warp of symbols and codes that make possible thetransit between the real world and the extraordinary one in the cortazarianoliterary imaginary.
LA CÁMARA SANGRIENTA: TRANSTEXTUALIDAD Y TRANSMEDIALIDAD EN EL LIBRO ILUSTRADO
Authors: VIDAURE ARENAS Carmen V.
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Analizamos La cámara sangrienta (2017) de AngelaCarter, ilustrada por Alejandra Acosta, a partir de aportaciones sobre latranstextualidad (Genette, 1989), las narrativas transmedia (Jenkins, 2003;Long, 2007; Scolari, 2013) y los volúmenes integrados (Brecia y Romano,2006). Buscamos dar prioridad al estudio de las variadas dinámicasintersemióticas, destacar la importancia de la contextualización y lascompetencias culturales de los receptores en los procesos de interpretación.El análisis de las ilustraciones permite observar la forma en que ponenen crisis su caracterización como elementos accesorios y destacar que elconcepto de traducción intersemiótica resulta inexacto para describir losfenómenos que se verifican en las obras ilustrada analizada. Abstract: We analyze The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter, illustratedby Alejandra Acosta, from some contributions on transtextuality (Genette,1989), transmedia narratives (Jenkins, 2003; Long, 2007; Scolari, 2013)and integrated volumes (Brecia y Romano, 2006). We seek to givepriority to the study of the various intersemiotic dynamics, highlightingthe importance of contextualization and the cultural competencies of thereceivers. The analysis of the illustrations allows us to observe the wayin which they come to put in crisis their characterization as accessory elements or disconnected from the semiotic processes and to emphasize that the translation concept intersemiotic is inaccurate to describe some of the phenomena in the illustrated work.
VÍCTIMAS Y VERDUGOS: LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA PENA DE MUERTE EN EL CINE ESPAÑOL
Authors: GÓMEZ GARCÍA Concha
Published: April 2020

Resumen: La ejecución por garrote vil fue un recurso punitivo habitual enEspaña hasta muy avanzado el siglo XX. Esta investigación aborda cómose ha representado en la cinematografía española tan espinoso asunto,centrándonos en argumentos basados en hechos reales. Analizaremoscómo algunos cineastas lo esquivaron o cómo otros fusionaron la herenciaesperpéntica, el sainete y la astracanada convirtiendo un film en el mejorproyectil contra la pena de muerte. Desde una estética opuesta obrasmás contemporáneas siguen mostrando la dificultad de la búsqueda dela verosimilitud narrativa en relatos que forman parte del imaginariocolectivo de un país. Abstract: Execution by garotte was a common punishing method in Spainuntil well into the 21st Century. This article will tackle the ways in whichSpanish cinema has dealt with this thorny matter, first focusing on plotsbased on real facts. Attention will be paid to how some filmmakers usedthe esperpento heritage, the one-act farce and the astracanada as an attackagainst the death penalty. Using different aesthetics, films nowadays stillexplore the difficulty to reach verisimilitude in stories that are part of thesocial imaginary of the country.
CULTURA SAMPLEADA EN LA BABEL CONTEMPORÁNEA. NOTAS SOBRE LA COLONIZACIÓN Y DEPREDACIÓN COMO PRÁCTICAS DISCURSIVAS
Authors: TRABADO CABADO José Manuel
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En este artículo se trata de analizar las relaciones que establecenlas diferentes prácticas discursivas dentro del mundo audiovisualcontemporáneo y la influencia que unas ejercen en otras formando partede lo que podría venir a denominarse como cultura sampleada. La red derelaciones se hace cada vez más densa y los textos se saturan de significadoen un complejo proceso que obliga al receptor a construir una lectura queva siempre más allá del propio texto para dar sentido a los mensajes. Todoello se ejemplifica en el caso del spot televisivo de la compañía telefónicaespañola Movistar que se valió de discursos precedentes. Algunoshablaron de plagio, pero la cadena de relaciones era mucho más larga delo que indica un parecido evidente entre dos discursos. Cómo se modificanla esencia, las intenciones comunicativas y contextos pragmáticos es elobjeto de análisis de estas páginas. Abstract: This article attempts to analyze the relations established bythe various discursive practices found in the audiovisual world and theinfluence some of these strategies exert on each other within what couldbe known as sampled culture. The network of connections in this complex process becomes increasingly tangled and the texts saturate with meaning, thus forcing the receivers to construct a reading which always goes beyond the text itself in order to confer meaning on the messages. All this can be specifically illustrated by a TV commercial spot produced by the Spanish telephone company Movistar which made use of previous discourses. Although some people considered it plagiarism, the chain of connections was indeed much more intricate than that merely showing an evident similarity between two discourses. How the essence, communicative purposes and pragmatic contexts of these texts are modified is the object of analysis of the following pages.
NOTAS AL PIE DE GAZA (2009), DE JOE SACCO: REPRESENTACIÓN DEL CUERPO Y SU ROL CENTRAL COMO TESTIMONIO
Authors: MAC-MILLAN Mary Fleur
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En este artículo analizamos la novela gráfica de Joe SaccoNotas al pie de Gaza (2009) centrándonos en las diversas representacionesdel cuerpo. Sacco aborda una compleja investigación sobre dos matanzascometidas por el ejército israelí sobre la población palestina de la Franjade Gaza en el año 1956. Distinguimos tres usos del cuerpo, los que aportandirectamente a la fuerza testimonial del relato: la fórmula cinegética, elcuerpo como cohesión social y el cadáver como persistencia. Abstract: In this article we analyze the graphic novel by Joe SaccoFootnotes in Gaza (2009), focusing on the different representations ofthe body. Sacco addresses a complex investigation into two massacrescommitted by Israel’s armed forces on the Palestinian population of theGaza Strip in 1956. We distinguish three uses of the body, which directlycontribute to the testimonial force of the story: the hunting formula, thebody as social cohesion and the corpse as persistence.
EL COMPLEJO ECLECTICISMO DE LAS TRADUCCIONES EN LA REVISTA CÁNTICO COMO FISURAS IDEOLÓGICAS EN LA ÉPOCA DE FRANCO
Authors: TORRALBO CABALLERO Juan de Dios
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Este artículo estudia las traducciones de poesía en la revistaCántico a la luz de la era franquista. Se aborda la inclusión de poetascomunistas o socialistas como W. H. Auden, André Gide, Louis Aragony Salvatore Quasimodo analizando también la presencia de escritorespróximos al fascismo como Giuseppe Ungaretti. Destaca la existencia depoesía religiosa junto a la colaboración de escritores próximos al régimende Franco como Joaquín de Entrambasaguas, lo cual se interpreta nosolamente como predilección estética sino también como mecanismos paraevitar la censura. La inclusión de poesía catalana y gallega es otro aspectoque permite corroborar la apertura que esta revista aporta al panoramaliterario español. Abstract: This paper studies the translations of poetry in the journalCántico with reference to the Francoist age. It addresses the inclusionof Communist and Socialist poets like W.H. Auden, André Gide, LouisAragon, and Salvatore Quasimodo also analysing, conversely, the presenceof writers sympathetic to fascism, such as Giuseppe Ungaretti. It pointsout the presence of religious poetry, along with contributions by writers  cosy with the Franco regime, like Joaquín Entrambasaguas, these being interpreted not only as aesthetic predilections, but also maneuvers to avoid censorship. The inclusion of poetry in Catalan and Galician is another aspect evidencing how the journal proved able to foster openness on the Spanish literary scene, despite the censorship to which it was exposed.
MUJER, FEMINISMO Y BIOGRAFÍA
Authors: CABALLÉ MASFORROLL Anna
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Este artículo propone una reflexión sobre el reciente acceso dela mujer al género biográfico, tanto desde una perspectiva autorial (comobiógrafa), como considerándola objeto de la escritura, es decir, comobiografiada. Sin embargo, dicho acceso se ubica en un contexto teóricopostfeminista donde el interés por la literatura de mujeres se ha desplazado,impugnándose la propia categoría de mujer. ¿Cómo escribir entonces sobrela vida de las mujeres? ¿Desde qué perspectiva teórica puede hacerse?Abstract: This article puts forward a reflection about the recent arrival ofwomen in the biographical genre, both from an author’s perspective (asbiographer), and as the object of the writing, that is to say as biographed.However, such arrival is to be found in a postfeminist theoretical contextwhere the interest in women’s literature has become displaced as the verycategory of women has been challenged. How then can one write about thelife of women? And from which theoretical perspective?
PRESENTACIÓN. MODAS, MODOS, MANERAS
Authors: GARCÍA APARICIO Rodrigo , NOGAL SANTAMARÍA Raquel
Published: April 2020

Resumen: La presente compilación reúne una breve selección de lostextos presentados en el XVII Congreso Internacional de la AsociaciónEspañola de Semiótica y el I Congreso Ibérico de Semiótica que tuvo lugarentre el 23 y 25 de noviembre de 2017 en la Universidade Nova de Lisboa.En dicho encuentro se dieron cita investigadores de distintos países con elobjetivo de reflexionar sobre el concepto de moda desde el punto de vistasemiótico. Abstract: This compilation gathers a brief selection of the texts presentedat the XVVII International Congress of the Spanish Association ofSemiotics (AES) and the I Iberian Congress of Semiotics (AIS) that tookplace from 23rd to 25th of November, 2017 at the Universidade Nova deLisboa. In this meeting, researchers from different countries met to reflecton the concept of fashion from the semiotic point of view.
Reseña de: Mariano DE PACO SERRANO. ADOLFO MARSILLACH: ESCENIFICAR A LOS CLÁSICOS (1986-1994). (Madrid: Asociación de Directores de Escena, 2019, 448 págs.)
Authors: DEL HOYO VENTURA Margarita
Published: April 2020

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Reseña de: Aurora EGIDO. POR EL GUSTO DE LEER A CERVANTES. (Sevilla: Fundación José Manuel Lara, 2018, 560 págs.)
Authors: DEL RÍO NOGUERAS Alberto
Published: April 2020

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Reseña de: José Antonio PÉREZ BOWIE (ed.). LA TEATRALIDAD EN LA PANTALLA. REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL DIÁLOGO CONTEMPORÁNEO ENTRE CINE Y TEATRO. (Madrid: Catarata, 2018, 190 págs.)
Authors: VÁZQUEZ COUTO David
Published: April 2020

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Reseña de: José María POZUELO YVANCOS, Mariángeles RODRÍGUEZ ALONSO, Jordi Julià PERE BALLART, Mari Jose OLAZIREGI, Lourdes OTAEGI y María do CEBREIRO RÁBADE VILLAR. PENSAMIENTO Y CRÍTICA LITERARIA EN EL SIGLO XX (CASTELLANO, CATALÁN, EUSKERA, GALLEGO). (Madrid: Cátedra, 2019, 770 págs.)
Authors: GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ Mª José
Published: April 2020

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La reforma del sistema electoral alemán y el Tribunal Constitucional Federal
Authors: Nohlen Dieter
Published: April 2020

Se analiza en este trabajo el sistema electoral alemán, las reformas sufridas y la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional federal alemán.This paper analyzes the German electoral system, its reforms and the doctrine of the German Federal Constitutional Court.
El sistema electoral francés
Authors: Lecucq Olivier
Published: April 2020

El sistema electoral francés, que se refiere a las elecciones «políticas», tiene varias características fundamentales. La más destacada es sin duda la elección presidencial, que es EL momento electoral en Francia y que condiciona la vida del régimen político de la Quinta República. Además, el respeto de la igualdad de sufragio, los vínculos con la nacionalidad y la competencia legislativa para regular los métodos de votación de las distintas elecciones son los aspectos más destacados en materia electoral. También es importante tener en cuenta las reformas a las que ha sido sometido, en relación con el objetivo de la paridad electoral o la reconfiguración de las elecciones parlamentarias, que actualmente se está reflejando en un proyecto de ley constitucional y una ley orgánica destinada a promover la renovación de la vida democrática y la moralización de la vida pública.The French electoral system, which concerns «political» elections, is marked by several fundamental features. The most remarkable is undoubtedly the presidential election, which is THE electoral moment in France and which conditions the life of the political regime of the Fifth Republic. Beyond that, respect for equal suffrage, the links with nationality and the exercise of legislative power to define the voting methods of the various elections are the highlights of electoral matters. It is also important to take into account the reforms that have been carried out in this area, with regard to the objective of electoral parity or the reconfiguration of parliamentary elections, which is currently being reflected in a draft constitutional law and a draft organic law designed to promote the renewal of democratic life and the moralization of public life.
Sistemas de votación preferencial. Efectos en la competición interna de los partidos y en el comportamiento electoral
Authors: Passarelli Gianluca
Published: April 2020

Este artículo examina los efectos del voto preferencial en la competencia electoral intrapartidaria y en el comportamiento del voto. Mediante los datos recogidos en 19 países y más de 200 elecciones, este estudio arroja luz en un aspecto ciertamente olvidado de los sistemas electorales. El autor demuestra que la capacidad de los votantes de influir en la selección y el descarte de parlamentarios en los sistemas de voto preferencial no es tan importante como se suele señalar. En cambio, su capacidad para dar forma a la elección de un determinado candidato depende enormemente del equilibrio entre poder de partido y poder del votante. De esta manera, este trabajo avanza en la compresión del efecto del voto preferencial en las dinámicas intrapartidarias, en la rotación parlamentaria y en el comportamiento del votante.This article examines the effects of preferential voting on intraparty electoral competition and voting behavior. Using data covering 19 countries and over 200 elections, this study sheds light on a somewhat neglected aspect of electoral systems. The author demonstrates that the ability of voters to influence the selection and deselection of MPs under preferential voting systems is not as important as is often assumed. Instead, their ability to shape the election of a given candidate depends heavily on the balance between party power and voter power. In this way, this work advances the understanding of the effect of preferential voting on intra-party dynamics, parliamentary turnover, and voter behavior.
Estatutos de Autonomía y sistemas electorales autonómicos
Authors: Gálvez Muñoz Luis A.
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo se ocupa de examinar la confluencia entre el estatuto de autonomía y el sistema electoral, como exponentes máximos de dos sectores fundamentales del Derecho constitucional español: el régimen autonómico y el régimen electoral. A este propósito, se da cuenta del contenido de los estatutos sobre el sistema electoral autonómico, se calibra su importancia, se individualizan las aportaciones realizadas al conjunto del Derecho electoral, en especial el español, y se concluye, finalmente, con una valoración de la regulación y una breve referencia a la posición del Tribunal Constitucional sobre los escasos conflictos planteados.This paper deals with examining the confluence between the statute of autonomy and the electoral system, as maximum exponents of two fundamental sectors of Spanish constitutional law: the autonomous regime and the electoral regime. For this purpose, the content of the statutes on the autonomous electoral system is realized, its importance is calibrated, the contributions made to the electoral law as a whole, especially Spanish, are individualized, and it is concluded, finally, with an assessment of the regulation and a brief reference to the position of the Constitutional Court on the few conflicts raised.
El impacto en el ordenamiento jurídico español del Informe del Consejo de Estado sobre las propuestas de modificación del régimen electoral general
Authors: Martínez Alarcón María Luz
Published: April 2020

En el año 2008, el Gobierno consultó al Consejo de Estado sobre las posibilidades de reforma del régimen electoral general sin necesidad de proceder a una reforma constitucional. El resultado fue el Informe sobre las propuestas de modificación del régimen electoral general de 24 de febrero de 2009. Este trabajo se caracteriza por dos rasgos: su indiscutible calidad técnica, que lo ha convertido en un texto de referencia obligada para todos aquellos que analizan en España la reforma del sistema electoral general, y una laudable cautela en el tratamiento del tema. Merece la pena, después de diez años desde que viera la luz, retomar el mismo a fin de comprobar cuál fue su verdadero impacto en la reforma del régimen electoral general del año 2011.In 2008, the Government answered to the Consejo de Estado about the possibilities of changes in our electoral system without modifying the Constitution. The result was the Report on the proposals to modify the electoral system of February 24, 2009. This work has got an unquestionable technical quality, which has made it a mandatory reference text for all those who analize the reform of the Spanish electoral system. It is also analyses the subject with laudable caution. It is worthwhile, after ten years since it was published, to resume its principal conclusions and verify its impact on the reform of our electoral system in 2011.
Repertorio bibliográfico sobre el sistema electoral español
Authors: Fernández Cañueto Daniel
Published: April 2020

Una parte nada desdeñable del contenido que el lector encontrará en el presente repositorio contiene tres tipos de publicaciones. El primer grupo se dedica a realizar un balance de los logros y deficiencias del sistema electoral español partiendo de la lógica de la democratización. Un segundo grupo de publicaciones realiza propuestas cuyo objetivo concreto es hacer que los diversos mecanismos e instrumentos del sistema electoral español sirvan al propósito de la profundización democrática. Y, por último, hay un tercer grupo que se centra en analizar aspectos específicos de la regulación existente, las reformas realizadas y la actuación de la Administración para ver si efectivamente estas cumplen con el objetivo de mejorar la democracia constitucional ahondando en su democratización.A not inconsiderable part of the content that the reader will find in this repository contains three types of publications. The first group is dedicated to taking stock of the achievements and deficiencies of the Spanish electoral system based on the logic of democratization. A second group of publications makes proposals whose concrete objective is to make the various mechanisms and instruments of the Spanish electoral system serve the purpose of democratic deepening. And finally, there is a third group that focuses on analyzing specific aspects of the existing regulation, the reforms carried out and the actions of the Administration to see if they effectively meet the objective of improving constitutional democracy by deepening its democratization.
Developments and contributions in the study of La Rioja dinosaur footprints (Spain)
Authors: Pérez-Lorente Féix
Published: April 2020

In this paper the study of dinosaur tracks of La Rioja, which began in 1970, is presented as an example of knowledge development, achievements, and events occurring around a paleontological resource having strong media impact. Fieldwork, research, and dissemination since the publication of the first scientific works have been accompanied by activities to protect sites and consider them as natural and cultural heritage. Finally it is shown how a paleontological resource has also led to the development of the tourist infrastructure in the area
Book Review: The trace-fossil record of major evolutionary events.
Authors: Belaústegui Zain
Published: April 2020

Book Review: M. Gabriela Mángano & Luis A. Buatois (eds) (two volumes). 2016. The trace-fossil record of major evolutionary events. Volume 1: Precambrian and Paleozoic. Springer. Topics in Geobiology, 39, 358 pp. (ISBN 978-94-017-9599-9).M. Gabriela Mángano & Luis A. Buatois (eds) (two volumes). 2016. The trace-fossil record of major evolutionary eventsThe trace-fossil record of major evolutionary events. Volume 2: Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Springer. Topics in Geobiology,40, 485 pp. (ISBN 978-94-017-9596-8).
New metric products, movies, and 3D models from old stereopairs and their application to the in situ palaeontological site of Ambrona
Authors: Valle José M , Rodríguez Álvaro , Martínez Rosa , Pérez Pablo , Uceda Sendra , Lopetegi Ane
Published: April 2020

3D modelling tools from photographic pictures have experienced significant improvements in the last years. One of the most outstanding changes is the spread of the photogrammetric systems based on algorithms referred to as Structure from Motion (SfM) in contrast with the traditional stereoscopic pairs. Nevertheless, the availability of important collections of stereoscopic registers collected during past decades invites us to explore the possibilities for re-using these photographs in order to generate new multimedia products, especially due to the fact that many of the documented elements have been largely altered or even disappeared. This article analyses an example of application to the re-use of a collection of photographs from the palaeontological site of Ambrona (Soria, Spain). More specifically, different pieces of software based on Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms for the generation of 3D models with photographic textures are tested and some derived products such as orthoimages, video or applications of Augmented Reality (AR) are presented.
“A Beautiful Mind” or “Proof of Life”: Historical Information Science and/or Digital History?
Authors: Zhakisheva Saule Aukenovna
Published: April 2020

The article studies integration processes which have been characteristic of humanities in the second half of the twentieth century, the changing configuration of interdisciplinary fields and the redistribution of the interdisciplinary hierarchy of science domains as well as the role of historical information science in a strong or a weak integration type of scientific knowledge. Historical information science is a classical example of interdisciplinary interaction (match) of several fields (history, source studies, applied mathematics, mathematical statistics and information science). This supradisciplinary form of integration connects history with mathematization and informatization as well as principles and methods of the general theory of systems, the information theory, synergetics, etc. In this respect, the article focuses on the impact of the digital turn on the relationship between historical information science, digital history and digital humanities as well as methodological problems of information source studies rather than digital documents studies. The author states that new prospects provided by the “digital revolution” set new goals for history in the 21st century.
The Network of Zemstvo Glasnye: Sources of “Party Affiliation” in the Local Government
Authors: Povroznik Nadezhda , Smetanin Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: April 2020

The article discusses how the factions in Moscow Zemstvo and Perm Zemstvo assemblies were formed in the first three years of their activity since zemstvos were founded in the second half of the 19th century. These zemstovs have been chosen in order to compare the political structure of the local government both in the capital and in provinces as well as to evaluate the factor of proximity to the imperial institutions and political processes. Both zemstvos directed the life of their economically developed guberniyas, were “active” and their experience was transferred across Russia due to its fruitful results. Social networks inform about glasnye (deputies) who led discussions as well as the decision making process and zemstvos work. As a result, one can find universal and specific features of deputies’ political fragmentation. The research methodology is the network approach and the social network analysis which provided for simulating interaction structures, identifying deputy groups and analyzing them. The authors have studied all journals of Moscow and Perm Zemstvos regular and emergency meetings held during the first three-year period of their activity and have singled out specific discussions. To study personal links they have collected auxiliary data sets providing information about deputies’ personal participation as well as the issues discussed. The study is the first to group glasnye, analyze their cliques and compare peculiar features of zemstvo meetings understudy. In general, the social network analysis supports the idea that personal activity at zemstvo meetings was more effective than the group one at the initial stage. This is supported by the voting results analysis as well. The formation of factions was also greatly hindered by social and political views of zemstvo members.
Historical Thematic Website “Simeiz. Guide to Old Dachas”: Stages of Development and Research Prospects
Authors: Karagodin Andrey Vasil'evich
Published: April 2020

The article summarizes preliminary results related to the development and operation of historical thematic website “Simeiz. Guide to Old Dachas”. The website was created by the author and his colleagues in 2019 as a part of a workshop at the Department of Source Studies of the Lomonosov Moscow State University History Faculty. The workshop aimed at studying the history of the southern coast of Crimea in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The stages and preliminary results of this work are considered in the context of current discussions about the “digital turn” in history. The author analyses the reasons for creating the historical website, its structure, development stages, specific features of its content, database creation and crowdsourcing.  It is stated that the website development was the first important step of the whole research project, its “driver”. Moreover, besides a new form of historical knowledge dissemination, the work on the site provided for setting new source and analytical tasks that is to increase the information impact of sources and get new opportunities for processing the electronic database. These results may be of interest to historians who run similar historical projects.
Historical Information Science within a New Interdisciplinary Field: the Academic Symposium Addressing the 15th Anniversary of the Historical Information Science Department of Moscow University
Authors: Vladimirov Vladimir , Garskova Irina Markovna , Frolov Alexei
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the scientific symposium addressing the 15th anniversary of the Historical Information Science Department – a part of Lomonosov Moscow University History Faculty. The authors analyze the reports and notes that they are dominated by the spatial approach to historical phenomena and processes. The reports addressed virtual 3D reconstruction of historical and cultural heritage objects as well as the application of geographic information systems and technologies to historical studies. All the conclusions were actively debated by the symposium participants. The methodological basis of the article is the information approach, the use of description and analysis methods. The authors briefly characterize the results of the latest studies applying digital technologies and review the development of historical studies based on mathematics and computer science methods. Herewith, emphasis is laid on the Moscow school of historical information science, primarily the studies carried out at the Historical Information Science Department of Lomonosov Moscow University History Faculty.
Bacterial diversity, biogenic amines and lipids oxidation in traditional dried anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) during ambient storage
Authors: Al Bulushi Ismail , Guizani Nejib , Ayyash Mutamed , Al Za'abi Mohammed , Abushelaibi Aisha , Deeth Hilton C. , Al Kharousi Zahra , Al Hamadani Fathiya , Al Maskari Salha , Alkalbani Jamila
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of ambient storage (23±2°C, 68% RH) on the bacterial load and diversity, biogenic amines and lipids oxidation in traditional dried anchovy (E. punctifer) in order to evaluate its safety, quality and stability during 12 weeks of storage. Total aerobic bacteria (TAB), Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae (ENT), histidine decarboxylating bacteria (HDB), lysine decarboxylating bacteria (LDB) and ornithine decarboxylating bacteria (ODB) were enumerated and identified by conventional, VITEK 2 compact and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene methods. Histamine, cadaverine and putrescine contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Lipid oxidation was evaluated by peroxide value (PV). Total aerobic bacteria, S. aureus, ENT, HDB, LDB and ODB initial counts of log10 4.9 ± 0.85, 3.7 ± 0.57, 4.2 ± 0.05, 3.7 ± 0.72, 3.9 ± 0.40 and 4.1 ± 0.24 CFU/g respectively did not significantly change (p > 0.05) during 12 weeks of storage. A high bacterial diversity of 27 species belonging to 20 genera was found, with the dominance of S. aureus, Acinetobacter lwoffii and S. warneri and the first incidence of Psychrobacter celer, Desemzia incerta, Granulicatella elegans and Bhargavaea indica in dried fish.  Initial histamine, cadaverine and putrescine contents and PV of 5.2 ± 4.3, 8.5 ± 1.9 and 5.8 ± 0.6 mg/100g and 0.19 ± 0.02 meq/kg respectively did not significantly change (p > 0.05) during 12 weeks of storage. This study found that ambient storage at 23±2°C, 68% RH for 12 weeks did not affect the bacterial load,  biogenic amines and lipids, and that the dried anchovy remained microbiologically safe and of good quality.
Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota in young forest musk deer during weaning
Authors: Li Yimeng , Shi Minghui , Zhang Tianxiang , Hu Xin , Zhang Baofeng , Xu Shanghua , Ding Jianhong , Hu Defu , Liu Shuqiang
Published: April 2020

Weaning is an important event for all mammals, including young forest musk deer. However, weaning stress may cause intestinal microbiota-related disorders. Therefore, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to study the dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota during pre-weaning (10 days before weaning) and post-weaning (10 days after weaning) in 15 young forest musk deer. We saw that intestinal microbiota diversity in the post-weaning period was significantly higher than that in the pre-weaning period. The most dominant bacterial phyla were similar in the two groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia). Meanwhile, we applied Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) to identify the most differentially microbial taxa in the pre-weaning and post-weaning groups. In the post-weaning forest musk deer, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Treponema and Prevotella was higher than in the pre-weaning group. However, higher relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes was found in the pre-weaning group compared with that in the post-weaning group. In summary, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the dynamics of young forest musk deer intestinal microbiota during the weaning transition, which may benefit in understanding the growth and health of forest musk deer.