bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linked Open Data e sustentabilidade de acervos digitais de patrimônios culturais
Authors: Ninin Débora Marroco , Simionato Ana Carolina
Published: March 2022

Os patrimônios culturais estão presentes em diversas instituições e prover o acesso ao seu conteúdo é extremamente necessário para a preservação de acervos digitais. Ao mesmo tempo, o gerenciamento de todas as atividades relativas à representação e acesso ao patrimônio cultural configuram-se como ações voltadas à sustentabilidade de conteúdos e serviços prestados por essas instituições culturais. Por essa razão, esse trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo exploratório na literatura científica nacional e internacional em que se buscou responder à questão: quais os desafios e possibilidades nas atividades de representação, organização e acesso de patrimônios culturais diante da popularização das TICs? Destacou-se o uso dos padrões de metadados para a descrição de recursos informacionais, os projetos internacionais de inclusão de dados de patrimônios culturais na iniciativa Linking Open Data, e a importância que os websites e a disponibilização de conteúdos digitais possuem para prover o acesso a esses patrimônios. Adentrou-se brevemente nas discussões sobre sustentabilidade e gestão do patrimônio cultural, pois se concluiu que todas essas atividades e iniciativas possuem como objetivo implícito a preservação e o uso futuro dos conteúdos relativos ao patrimônio cultural.
A produção científica sobre mediação da informação em arquivos: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Farias Dayane Dos Santos , Santos Thais Helen Do Nascimento
Published: March 2022

A mediação da informação tem sido amplamente discutida na Ciência da Informação, sobretudo no ambiente das bibliotecas.  Em contrapartida, as reflexões no âmbito dos arquivos carecem de maior aprofundamento. Nesse contexto, este estudo analisa a produção científica sobre mediação da informação em arquivos indexada na base de dados BRAPCI, no período de 2010 a 2020. Objetiva identificar os artigos, autores, ano de publicação, autores mais citados e vinculação institucional dos mesmos. A metodologia utilizada pauta-se na bibliometria, bem como a utilização das técnicas de análise de citação. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que apesar do crescimento das discussões sobre mediação da informação nos últimos anos, ainda há uma escassez de publicações que abordem a mediação em arquivos de forma mais efetiva, ou seja, há a necessidade de maiores reflexões e aprofundamento sobre a temática em questão.
A gestão documental no Arquivo Público Municipal de Cariacica, Espírito Santo: novos rumos para um velho dilema
Authors: Grigoleto Maira Cristina , Miguel Marcelo Calderari , Simão Benedito José
Published: March 2022

Introdução: o Arquivo público tem papel especial em gestões municipais, tendo em vista a sua importância para a prestação de serviços aos cidadãos e para a tomada de decisão pelos gestores municipais. Objetivo: analisar sob o prisma da gestão documental a realidade arquivística em um contexto municipal. Metodologia: situa uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, em que se encontra a disparidade entre a gestão atual e a gestão real, baseada no referencial teórico. Resultados: após analisar todos os dados coletados pelos diferentes instrumentos adotados sobre o Arquivo municipal de Cariacica, pode-se dizer que o Arquivo encontra-se com inúmeros problemas, e sua situação é parecida com as encontradas em outras prefeituras, conforme os estudos consultados para a elaboração desta pesquisa Conclusões: considera-se que ainda há muito a ser feito para aprimorar a gestão de documentos na área municipal, devido principalmente a falta de recursos humanos, tecnológicos e financeiros.
The Roadmap Design of Natural Tourism Based on the Ecopreneurship Concept to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda (Case on Joben Ecopark, Indonesia)
Authors: Aulia Yassir , Nugroho Ratna Lindawati Lubis
Published: March 2022

The Mount Rinjani National Park has many potentials in creating jobs, promoting local products and socio-cultures. Natural tourism is an option of alternative tourism in which its management can be realized based on three aspects, i.e., social, economic, and environmental values. These are three supporting factors of the Ecopreneurship concept (Triple Drivers of Ecopreneurship). One of the tourism destinations at the Mount Rinjani National Park is Joben Ecopark. Therefore, as an initial step in developing natural tourism based on the ecopreneurship concept at the Mount Rinjani National Park is to create a roadmap design of Joben Ecopark of 2020-2023. This study used a qualitative method with parties related to Joben Ecopark, i.e., Mount Rinjani National Park Office, Joben Village people, and the Regional Government of the West Nusa Tenggara Province. The study results demonstrated that the Mount Rinjani National Park Office Program in actualizing SDGs target 8.9 based on the ecopreneurship concept at Joben Ecopark has not implemented technical review and arranged the object development master plan. Also, public participation in promoting local products and cultures based on the ecopreneurship concept at Joben Ecopark has not maximized due to the absence of programs from related parties. Therefore, this study created a roadmap design of Joben Ecopark based on the ecopreneurship concept of 2020-2023 arranged in a new normal tourism lifestyle to achieve SGDs 2030 target 8.9. The roadmap design of Joben Ecopark is tourism object design, tourism destination development, institutional and human resource capacity improvement, building creative tourism industries, and enhancing natural tourism promotions at Joben Ecopark.
O que se quer quando se pede por mais democracia?
Authors: Asth Filipe de Contti
Published: March 2022

This is the paradoxo n which the analyses proposed here turn: what has led us to occupy so-called democratic mechanisms of participation to demand more laws and favor systems of judgment and the punitive power of the State, which has Only served to constrain us and overwhelm? The look of estrangement about this movement is the guiding thread of the narrative built here, precisely because it understands that laws and orderly discourses decisively contribute to composing the sphere in which security influences and guides democratic practices.
Whistleblowers protection as a mechanism against corruption: considerations about the state of the art in Portuga
Authors: Ferreira Tania Filipa Baridó Urbano , Lambelho Ana
Published: March 2022

The recognition that situations of corruption, which are so harmful to the public interest, can only be effectively combated through knowledge of the practice of illicit facts planned or committed, and that this knowledge is often difficult to obtain, led to a reorientation of legal thinking, seeking to protect the subject that, despite disrespecting a contractual link, may expose such practices. With this work we intend to carry out an introductory study on a theme that is very actual and is of paramount importance in the fight against corruption at the State and corporate level - the legal protection of the Whistleblower. We set out to study how our legal system protects the labor situation of workers who denounce illicit practices within the company in which they perform their activity.
The ECJ as a guardian of the Rule of Law – Justice prevails and perish those who threaten it
Authors: Pacheco Maria de Fátima de Castro Tavares Monteiro , Alves Dora Resende
Published: March 2022

The European Union (EU) is based on an axiological basis, which is shared by the Member States. In this context, Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) provides for the values ​​that guide all its activity, of which we highlight democracy and the rule of law. These values ​​are part of the traditions common to the Member States, and the EU is obliged to promote and defend them. Thus, the exercise of public powers must be linked to pre-defined rules, which reconcile the performance of the tasks to which they are assigned with unconditional respect for the fundamental rights of individuals. This commitment, in a Europe that aims to promote and defend democracy and the rule of law and to guarantee respect for fundamental rights in all aspects of the EU's activities, reveals its deep commitment to prevent the violation of those values, about which the European project is based. In this context, the European Union has several instruments (not only of a contentious nature) that demonstrate the co-responsibility of all Member States for those violations. One of the most controversial instruments was the establishment of a control mechanism, of a political nature, provided for in art. 7 of the TEU, which allows observing and sanctioning the behavior of States that violate or are at risk of violating those values. Knowing that recent developments in some member states, notably in Hungary and Poland, have made it possible to test the effectiveness of such mechanisms, our work intends to present, in a forcibly brief way, some responses from the European Union to that problem that is beginning to show signs of be spreading and deepening.
A influência dos algoritmos e das fake news no processo eleitoral brasileiro: existem alternativas jurídicas para defesa do sistema democrático e proteção dos direitos humanos?
Authors: Merida Carolina , Yassin Jasmyne Linhares
Published: March 2022

The first decades of the 21st century are characterized by the separation of power and politics. In such a juncture, marked by the State crisis and the rise of private actors - in particular transnational technology and communication companies - in the exercise of power, the political implications arising from the use of robots and algorithms to identify the profile of voters and interfere in their Voting decisions have been increasingly resonating and are becoming a real threat to democracy and human rights. From the emblematic case of Cambridge Analytica, when the presidential elections around the globe are verified, there is an exponential growth in the influence of fake news in the electoral process and its direct association with the approval of candidates with authoritarian political bias, averse to the existing democratic system. Brazil, during the 2018 elections, was one of the countries in which fake news was directly used in the manipulation of voters to obtain votes. In view of this situation, and, mainly, of political polarization and intolerance to the debate of ideas, this study, in the phase of data collection, aims to assess how false news exponentially replicated on social networks are capable of affecting democracy and what risks they pose to the human rights of freedom and privacy. In order to carry out the research, a quantitative approach centralized in the city of Rio Verde - GO will be carried out, accompanied by a bibliographic review, based on the critical dialectical method, in an interdisciplinary analytical perspective. Thus, access to information and freedom of expression will be observed, as well as the right to the protection of personal data, in contrast to excesses and the manipulation of content itself, in order to leverage votes in favor of authoritarian candidates. The results achieved with the research can be used as a subsidy for the construction of legal alternatives that are effective in preventing the reiteration of the mentioned expedient in future elections and, thus, guaranteeing the validity of the democratic political regime.
Brazilian public housing policy: excluding cities, denial of citizenship rights
Authors: Antonello Ideni Terezinha , Veiga Léia Aparecida
Published: March 2022

The scope of this analysis is to reflect on the role played by Brazilian public housing policy in the social production of urban space with a focus the housing deficit. The results of the investigation show that the exclusion dynamics remain, since, in 2017, there was an estimated deficit of 7.77 million units, reaching the highest level in 10 years, which shows that PMCMV (Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, launched in 2009) did not reach the proposed targets, as the deficit has grown steadily since 2013, reaching 967,270 housing units in precarious living conditions and covering 3,289,948 units (families) that suffer from the burden of paying a rent to be able to live, being the highest percentage among the housing deficit. In addition to the involuntary cohabitation (3,209,299 units), which is the result of the same logic of exploitation of the worker, that is, the need for unwanted coexistence of more than one family in the same household, due to the inability to pay a rent individually. Thus, social housing linked to the logic of the market fosters the production of excluding cities, an expression of the denial of citizenship rights, by not providing the right to decent housing.
Aldir Blanc Law Culture Observatory
Authors: Tozzi Elaine da Silva , Pellicciotta Mirza , Mammana Victor Pellegrini
Published: March 2022

Brazil recently created a public policy to support cultural activities during the pandemia. This policy is known as “Lei Aldir Blanc” and is numbered as “Lei nº 14.017”. Aldir Blanc was a highly recognised Brazilian composer which died from Covid-19. In order to follow the outcomes of this policy, an Analytical Group has been established in the form of a virtual space which provides a tool for collecting and exposing references and funding data. The group is also responsible for creating an audiovisual collection referring to its construction and implementation. The Analytical Group is conducted under the WASH Project. WASH stands for Workshop of Hardware & Software Geeks and it is a effort on non-formal science and technology education which promotes tech/scientific literacy & initiation for elementary and high school. The program is conducted under CNPq funding, which is the Brazilian equivalent to National Science Foundation. This work aims the establishment of a method to follow public policies focused on cultural activities. It is based on qualitative and quantitative approaches for the documentation of “Lei Aldir Blanc”.
A publicidade dirigida a menores e os novos limites em velhos hábitos no direito à alimentação
Authors: Fialho d’ Almeida Rita Guimarães
Published: March 2022

Our work aims to reflect on the reasons that guide the enshrining of the rules related to advertising directed to minors, with particular emphasis on the most recent restrictions on advertising directed to minors under 16 years related to foodstuffs and beverages that contain high energy value, content of salt, sugar, saturated fatty acids and processed fatty acids. Despite the progress related to the protection of children and young people, other problems persist and/or are aggravated, demanding a serious debate, resulting in urgent responses. Among such problems, obesity, often as a result of childhood, is a chronic and complex disease, with an increasing prevalence worldwide and considered by the World Health Organization as the global epidemic of the 21st century, while, on the other side of the balance, malnutrition appears as the main cause of death of children in some countries, especially on the African continent. The reasons that guided our interest and choice in the approach of the present theme are precisely due to the realization of such realities that are so different from one another: on the one hand, the epidemic of childhood obesity, often leading to bullying, namely developed in a school context, a phenomenon that comprises multiple realities and variants of intimidation, aggression and harassment, of a physical or psychological nature and that, essentially, is characterized by the repetition of acts performed by one or more aggressors against another member of the same school community who, for various reasons, such as childhood obesity, it is in a situation of greater fragility; on the other hand, the disturbing malnutrition of thousands of children. The discussion around such realities, with food as a common denominator, cannot ordinarily neglect the concept of sustainable consumption, which is also of capital importance and which marks the current political, economic and social discourses. If there were any doubts as to its importance, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights expressly enshrined the human right to food in the context of the right to an adequate standard of living. Its effectiveness is conditio sine qua non of health’s promotion and protection, as well as human dignity, the fight against poverty and social exclusion and, in correspondence, the construction of more just and democratic societies. We believe that, also in this area, the action of the States is essential. Democratization and fair access are necessary to guarantee the well-being of citizens. In this context, the enshrining of rules related to advertising directed to minors, although relevant, seems to be insufficient in the realization of the human right to food.
Human rights "thwarted": Towards culturally sensitive social interventions
Authors: Luz Helena Reis , Santos Clara Cruz , Nunes Vanessa
Published: March 2022

Aims: To discuss the articulation between the notions of development and human rights, analyzing its opportunity to the field of public policy strategies; to address, in a comprehensive perspective, the issues of cultural diversity, interculturality and cultural pluralism, (re)updating the dialogue that they raise connected with human rights, and to position the questions of cultural sensitivity and alterity as incitements for a competent social intervention. Method: This is a theoretical reflection based on a literature review and documentary analysis articulating the themes of human rights, the "cultural" challenges they carry and the opportunities that a culturally sensitive social intervention raises for the realization of human rights. Findings: In present times the required approach of human rights, needs to be carried out within a comprehensive logic presupposing a discussion allocated to cultural and historical circumstances. Also, it should be framed by a sense of integrality or completeness that demands a holistic understanding of its various aspects. The accommodation of cultural diversity is a fundamental assumption of contemporary human rights, being a facilitator of social justice calling for proximity practices, dialogue, and which gives rise to development interventions responding to the culture in context and to the particularities of places and communities. By adopting a culturally sensitive and differentiated stance, social interventionists/social workers mobilize competent practices which incorporate the understanding of diversity in its full meaning, thus making a decisive contribution to safeguarding human rights. Conclusions: Human rights are the necessary guide to address public policies and collective action since they contain the foundations and values that are essential to human experience with dignity. The assumption of diversity is decisive to limit the setbacks that are posed to the exercise of human rights, so that the interventionist practice, which is sensitive and based on otherness, appears to be crucial even though it needs to be reinforced, in action and in education.
Insight into the Aplac Member Survey on Report Credibility
Authors:   Taiwan Accreditation Foundation, Yang Wanji C.J.
Published: March 2022

This article describes the analysis of a member survey conducted by the Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC) on test and inspection report credibility. This survey was the very first survey on this issue amongst accreditation bodies (ABs). The subject of this survey was first conceived during a meeting of APEC TEL MRA Task Force in 2012, when telecommunications regulators from several economies expressed concerns about counterfeit report issues. The APLAC Board of Management later decided to initiate a survey to collect information and opinions from its full members, as the starting point of addressing these concerns and help members share experience. The survey was conducted during 21 July 2014 to 20 August 2014, and the analysis results were subsequently presented at meetings of APEC TEL50 and ILAC/IAF meeting in 2014.
Substitution Method for Liquid Density Measurements by Vibrating Tube Densimeter
Authors:   Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologia, Lorefice Salvatore , Romeo Raffaella ,   Politecnico di Torino DISAT Corso Luigi Einaudi
Published: March 2022

The improvement of modern oscillation-type density meters requires density reference liquids with low uncertainty and very accurate procedures that take into account the physical properties of the fluids. INRIM adopted a procedure concerning the substitution method in determining the densities by vibrating tube densimeter of deuterated water, n-pentadecane and the oil EF 170 having a viscosity of approximately 170 mm²/s, liquids provided by the pilot laboratory BEV as transfer standards in the EURAMET project 1240. In the present paper are shown as an example about the validity of the used procedure through the results of the density determinations at 20 °C of the deuterated water and of the viscous oil, being the differences of the physical properties of the two liquids significant enough
Laboratory Remodel, Challenges and Solutions
Authors:   State of Alaska Metrology Laboratory, Brown Garret L.
Published: March 2022

Laboratory technicians, metrologists, and managers need to be able to efficiently manage a laboratory renovation process from beginning to end. It must include everything from the design of the project to successfully commissioning the newly remodeled facility. This paper will focus on mistakes, lessons learned, solutions to problems, and best practices as a high level overview of the Alaska weights and measures laboratory renovation project completed in 2014.Consideration will be given to some key areas including: suggestions for documenting the process, suggested methods for evaluating success, ideas for a successful commissioning of the newly remodeled facility, safe handling and storage of the standards, equipment, and records. It will provide examples of laboratory client/customer notification, possible financial impacts, and integration of new equipment. Methods used for evaluating measurement agreement from before/after renovations will be presented. The session will also include general audience participation and discussions.
Practice In The Industry as a Mean of Social Integration of Metrologists
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Mercader-Trejo Flora
Published: March 2022

Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jáuregui (UPSRJ) is a Mexican public institution where a new generation of metrologists is finishing the second year of studies leading to a bachelor degree as Industrial Metrology Engineers. The curriculum of the undergraduate program is based on the development of skills and to achieve this goal, the curriculum aims to develop two halftime stays at the end of the first and second year of study. Finally, the students complete their studies by a 600 hours full time third stay in the productive sector. The objective of practices is that students apply the skills acquired in school integrating theory and practice by case-based learning. The stay is performed under real-life conditions inside a company or in a research center or within a testing and calibration laboratory. The condition is that students develop short projects related to what they learned in college in the field of metrology and quality. During each stay, a university professor and a technical advisor belonging to the company guide the student. The professor will conduct the evaluation of the stay jointly by his counterpart in the company taking into account performance criteria previously defined. As part of the evidence of this process, the student will submit a report of the project results. This paper is a reflection of the results obtained through the experience of the students after the end of the second period of practical in-company. This practice ensures skilled metrologists with real-life training, but also facilitates the young people's transition into the labor market. This training strategy is a way to facilitate the social integration of the new generation in the workplace.
High Voltage Divider Calibration with the Reference Step Method
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Parks Harold
Published: March 2022

High voltage DC measurements, from 10 kV up to several hundred kV, are usually traceable through resistive dividers which have a divider ratio on the order of 10 000 to 100 000. The reference step method [M.D. Early et al., IEEE Trans. Intsrum. Meas. 62, 1600 (2013)] provides a highly accurate ratiometric method of calibrating 1000 V calibrators across a wide range of voltages. We adapt this method for measuring the ratio of high voltage dividers at low (. 1000 V) voltages as a first step to establishing traceability at high voltages
Inmproved Traceability And Reliability In Mass Calibration
Authors:   Mettler Toledo AG, Mathis Felix
Published: March 2022

Mass calibration is a labour-intensive and multi-layered process. With manual data writing and limited quality control, final results may not comply with required quality standards. Interconnected equipment enables data security, data analysis and reporting in one system. Regulatory compliance is achieved with integrated uncertainty analysis, weighing schemes and quality control tools. This paper gives an insight to common mass calibration process hurdles and new solution approaches.
System for Traceable Calibration of Nanonewton Forces and Force vs. Deformation Curves
Authors:   Ilmenau University of Technology, Schleichert Jan ,   Institute of Process MEasurement and Sensor Technology
Published: March 2022

The paper discusses a system for the measurement and calibration of nanonewton forces and force vs. deformation curves of micro force sensors such as AFM Cantilevers. The system bases on an electromagnetic compensated microbalance whereas its control loop was modified to generate and measure the force at the same time without the need of an additional actuator. Thus, the concept is similar to the NIST Electrostatic Force Balance where the force is generated and measured based on a capacitor. To probe the micro force sensor under calibration, the balance pan is moved by feeding a defined current through the balance internal coil. Thereby the current is proportional to the acting force which was calibrated with milligram mass artifacts before. The movement of the balance pan as well as the position of the micro force sensor under test is measured with a special triple beam interferometer. Hence, the calibration of forces and force vs. deformation curves is traceable to the SI units mass and length. To compare our concept of force generation to the concept of PTB and KRISS an additional piezo actuator was integrated in the setup. Thus, we can alternatively push the micro force sensor under test onto the balance pan using the piezo. Measurement and calibration results will be presented and discussed. A standard deviation of < 1 nN is achieved for the measurement of constant forces. The stiffness (force vs. deformation curve) of a contact mode AFM cantilever was calibrated to be 0.26 N/m with a repeatability of 0.25 %. Thereby linearity deviations of < 1 nN were observed for this measurement. Due to the uncertainty of the contact parameters (contact angle and position as well as friction) between the AFM tip and the stylus mounted on the balance pan the combined uncertainty of the calibration is in the range 3 %.
Characterization of the NIST Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator Apparatus and Facility
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Mulhern Edward
Published: March 2022

With the upcoming redefinition of the kilogram set for 2018, National Metrology Institutes are working to identify and reduce uncertainties related to the realization and dissemination of the kilogram. In the current system the kilogram is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) with zero uncertainty. In the "New SI", the Watt Balance and Avogadro Experiment will use a fixed value of Planck's constant (zero uncertainty) and realize the kilogram based on that fixed value. The previous uncertainty associated with Planck's constant will essentially be transferred to the kilogram. In addition, the new realization will occur under vacuum and new sources of uncertainty in the dissemination to air will have to be accounted for. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Mass and Force group is developing a unique system for disseminating the kilogram realized in vacuum to air where customers can continue their usage of calibrated masses without affect. Currently, the widely accepted method for vacuum-to-air dissemination involves making measurements in both environments and then building an empirical model to account for the sorption of particles when transferring between vacuum and air. At NIST, a magnetic suspension mass comparator (MSMC) is utilized in order to directly compare a mass in vacuum to a mass in air. In order to meet customers needs it is vital that the uncertainty in our MSMC measurement is well understood so that it can be accounted for. Contributing to the overall uncertainty are uncertainties in the measurement environment, in the suspension apparatus and in the measurement facility itself. To accurately characterize this process, the Mass and Force group has measured the gravitational gradient along the measurement axis, the vibrations of the lab floor and the ambient temperature and humidity stability of the room. Additionally, we have worked to model the stray magnetic fields emanating from the MSMC. This talk will detail the methodology and results of these characterization efforts and explain how each factor influences the final uncertainty budget.
Worldwide Measurement Traceability Challenges From an OEM Support Point of View
Authors:   National Instruments, Martins Jorge
Published: March 2022

This paper address some of the challenges that a Test & Measurement (T&M) manufacturer faces when the decision is made to move a production line or the entire manufacturing process to a low cost region. All manufacturing resources and supporting services plan and execute for the big relocation. One area that is sometimes neglected is identifying reliable local or regional calibration providers to support your T&M equipment at the required uncertainty, turnaround time (TAT) and quality of service. Questions that must be answered include accounting for import/export fees, and managing delays and logistics. In addition, do you have specific instructions and requirements on how your T&M equipment is calibrated to achieve the required measurement performance and ensure the final quality of your products? What was before a well establish calibration process with a reliable TAT, becomes a two month ordeal with added expenses that can put your production goals and equipment maintenance budget at risk. This paper will share our experience and concerns when some of our production lines were relocated to facilities around the world, one to Western Europe and the other to the Far East Asia.
Best Lessons Learned from FDA Warning Letters
Authors:   Medtronic, Nowocin Walter
Published: March 2022

The current regulatory climate is intense as the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has ratcheted up their compliance oversight with more Warning Letters being sent to Healthcare companies. Warning Letters are issued only for violations of regulatory significance. The good news is that the FDA publishes all Warning Letters on their web site as a public service. And they have a very easy search engine that allows you to find Warning Letters that contain topics particular to your industry or job. This paper reviews calibration related FDA Warning Letters generated over the past twelve months. We will analyze the best Warning Letter examples and discuss best practices that can avoid these violations. With this knowledge, we can learn from these violations and ensure that your metrology program does not negatively impact the cost of quality of your organization.
Introduction to the Status of Interlaboratory Comparison on Reference Photovoltaic Cell Calibration at Center for Measurment Standards in Taiwan
Authors:   Center for Measurement Standards/ITRI, Tsai Min-An
Published: March 2022

Proficiency testing is one of the ways to evaluate the participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons. Center for Measurement Standards / Industrial Technology Research Institute (CMS/ITRI) has been committed to measurement technologies and statistical engineering. Thus, CMS has established its renowned reputation in metrology in Taiwan. Quality Engineering Department (QED) which belongs to Measurement Standards & Legal Metrology Division at CMS/ITRI is one of the designated organizations by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF) to hold proficiency testing in calibration field and act as the pilot for this interlaboratory comparison. For the photovoltaic (PV) field, the key quantity in the calibration of reference PV cells or modules is the short-circuit current of the device generated by a reference solar radiation with 1 kW m-2 total irradiance and with IEC 60904-3 AM1.5G reference solar spectral irradiance distribution. This paper introduces the status of interlaboratory comparison on primary reference solar cell calibration, including selection of the reference laboratory and assigned value, statistical analysis on comparative results, and criteria for performance evaluation, etc. The comparison includes one reference laboratory and two participating laboratories individually belonging to AIST,CMS/ITRI and FMI. The calibration method is conformed to IEC 60904-4:2009. En numbers are used as the performance statistics described in ISO/IEC 17043:2010.
Effects of satellite and surface measurements on atmospheric CO assimilations over East Asia in 2015–2020
Authors: Tang Zhaojun , Chen Jiaqi , Jiang Zhe
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Satellite and surface carbon monoxide (CO) observations have been widely used to investigate the sources and variabilities of atmospheric CO. However, comparative analyses to explore the effects of satellite and surface measurements on atmospheric CO assimilations are still lacking. Here we investigate the evolution of atmospheric CO over E. Asia in 2015–2020, via assimilating CO measurements from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) and China Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) monitoring network. We find a possible inconsistency by assimilating satellite and surface measurements: the adjusted CO columns are about 3.29, 3.63 and 3.68 x 1018 molec/cm2 by assimilating surface CO measurements, in contrast to 2.80–2.93, 3.14–3.25 and 3.09–3.22 x 1018 molec/cm2 by assimilating MOPITT CO observations in 2015–2020 over E. China, North China Plain (NCP) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD), respectively. This inconsistency could be associated with possible representation errors due to differences between urban and regional CO backgrounds. Furthermore, assimilations of normalized surface CO measurements (to mitigate the influences of representation errors) indicate declines of CO columns by about 4.0, 4.5, and 4.0 x 1016 molec/cm2/y over E. China, South Korea and Japan in 2015–2020, respectively, in contrast to 1.7–2.1, 2.1–2.7, and 2.1–2.6 x 1016 molec/cm2/y by assimilating MOPITT CO measurements. This discrepancy reflects the different vertical sensitivities of satellite and surface observations in the lower and free troposphere. This work demonstrates the importance to integrate information from satellite and surface measurements to provide a more accurate evaluation for atmospheric CO changes.
Measurement Report: Ten-year trend of PM2.5 major components and source tracers from 2008 to 2017 in an urban site of Hong Kong, China
Authors: Chow Wing Sze , Liao Kezheng , Huang X. H. Hilda , Leung Ka Fung , Lau Alexis K. H. , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remains a major air pollutant of significant public health concerns in urban areas. Long-term monitoring data of PM2.5 chemical composition and source-specific tracers provide essential information for identification of major sources as well as evaluation and planning of control measures. In this study, we present and analyze a ten-year data set of PM2.5 major components and source-specific tracers (e.g., levoglucosan, hopanes, K+, Ni, V, Al, Si, etc) collected over the period of 2008–2017 in an urban site in Hong Kong, China. The time series of pollutants were analyzed by the Seasonal and Trend decomposition by Loess method and Generalized least squared with Autoregressive-Moving average method. Bulk PM2.5 and all its major components displayed significant decline of varying degrees over the decade. PM2.5 was reduced by 40 % and at -1.5 µg m-3yr-1. PM2.5 components that are predominantly influenced by local vehicular emissions showed the steepest decline, with nitrate by -84 %, elemental carbon by -56 %, and hopanes by -66 %, confirming effective control of local vehicular emissions. For components that are significantly impacted by regional transport and secondary formation, they had a notably lower percentage reduction, with sulfate by -33 % and organic carbon by -23 %, reflecting complexity in their region-wide contributing sources and formation chemistry. Levoglucosan and K+, two tracers for biomass burning, differed in their reduction extent, with K+ at -60 % and levoglucosan at -47 %, indicating they likely track different biomass burning types. Dust components in PM2.5 also decreased, by -37 % for Al and -46 % for Si. The year of 2011 was an anomaly in the overall trend in having higher concentrations of PM2.5 and components than its adjacent years, and the long time series analysis attributed the anomaly to unusually lower rainfall associated with strong La Niña events. This ten-year trend analysis based on measurements exemplifies the utility of chemical composition data in support of an evidence-based approach for control policy formulation.
The 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption – Part 2: Particle-phase dispersion and concurrent wildfire smoke emissions
Authors: Osborne Martin J. , de Leeuw Johannes , Witham Claire , Schmidt Anja , Beckett Frances , Kristiansen Nina , Buxmann Joelle , Saint Cameron , Welton Ellsworth J. , Fochesatto Javier , Gomes Ana R. , Bundke Ulrich , Petzold Andreas , Marenco Franco , Haywood Jim
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Between 27 June and 14 July 2019 aerosol layers were observed by the United Kingdom (UK) Raman lidar network in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The arrival of these aerosol layers in late June caused some concern within the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) as according to dispersion simulations the volcanic plume from the 21 June 2019 eruption of Raikoke was not expected over the UK until early July. Using dispersion simulations from the Met Office Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME), and supporting evidence from satellite and in situ aircraft observations, we show that the early arrival of the stratospheric layers was not due to aerosols from the explosive eruption of the Raikoke volcano but due to biomass burning smoke aerosols associated with intense forest fires in Alberta, Canada, that occurred 4 d prior to the Raikoke eruption. We use the observations and model simulations to describe the dispersion of both the volcanic and forest fire aerosol clouds and estimate that the initial Raikoke ash aerosol cloud contained around 15 Tg of volcanic ash and that the forest fires produced around 0.2 Tg of biomass burning aerosol. The operational monitoring of volcanic aerosol clouds is a vital capability in terms of aviation safety and the synergy of NAME dispersion simulations, and lidar data with depolarising capabilities allowed scientists at the Met Office to interpret the various aerosol layers over the UK and attribute the material to their sources. The use of NAME allowed the identification of the observed stratospheric layers that reached the UK on 27 June as biomass burning aerosol, characterised by a particle linear depolarisation ratio of 9 %, whereas with the lidar alone the latter could have been identified as the early arrival of a volcanic ash–sulfate mixed aerosol cloud. In the case under study, given the low concentration estimates, the exact identification of the aerosol layers would have made little substantive difference to the decision-making process within the London VAAC. However, our work shows how the use of dispersion modelling together with multiple observation sources enabled us to create a more complete description of atmospheric aerosol loading.
Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index
Authors: Campanelli Monica , Diémoz Henri , Siani Anna Maria , di Sarra Alcide , Iannarelli Anna Maria , Kudo Rei , Fasano Gabriele , Casasanta Giampietro , Tofful Luca , Cacciani Marco , Sanò Paolo , Dietrich Stefano
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The impact of the aerosol optical properties on the ultraviolet index (UVI) in the urban area of Rome is investigated in this study. In particular, the influence of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA), estimated at the wavelength of 340 nm, and of the Ångström exponent, calculated in the range 340–500 nm, over a period of 11 years (2010–2020) in the months from March to September are analyzed. The UVI is monitored by a Brewer spectrophotometer, whereas measurements of the direct Sun and diffuse sky irradiances are performed by a co-located PREDE-POM sun–sky radiometer of the ESR/SKYNET network; the aerosol optical properties are obtained by the Skyrad MRIv2 retrieval. A novel method, based on physical principles and easily adaptable to other contexts, is developed to extrapolate the aerosol properties to the UV range during periods when only visible to near-infrared measurements are available. The retrievals from the sun–sky radiometer are consistent with the chemical characterization of urban PM10 (particulate matter 10 mm or less in diameter) samples collected during an intensive field campaign held in summer 2011 at the same site (URBan Sustainability Related to Observed and Monitored Aerosol – URBS ROMA). The PM macro components identified during the campaign are grouped in order to evaluate the contribution of the main macro sources (soil, sea, secondary inorganic, organics, and traffic) whose relative role is indeed expected to strongly affect the aerosol absorption capability. The surface forcing efficiency, calculated as the change in the UV index for a unit AOD variation, shows that AOD is the primary parameter affecting the surface irradiance under clear-sky conditions in Rome. SSA and the Ångström exponent are also identified as secondary influencing factors, i.e., the surface forcing efficiency is found to be greater for smaller zenith angles and for larger and more absorbent particles in the UV range (such as, e.g., mineral dust).
Extending water vapor measurement capability of photon limited differential absorption lidars through simultaneous denoising and inversion
Authors: Marais Willem Jacobus , Hayman Matthew
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) was developed at Montana State University (MSU) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to perform range resolved water vapor (WV) measurements using low power lasers and photon counting detectors. The MPD has proven to produce accurate WV measurements up to 6 km altitude. However, the MPD's ability to produce accurate higher altitude WV measurements is impeded by the current standard Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) retrieval methods. These methods are built upon a fundamental methodology which algebraically solves for the WV using the MPD forward models and noisy observations, which exacerbate any random noise in the lidar observations. The work in this paper introduces the adapted Poisson Total Variation (PTV) specifically for the MPD instrument. PTV was originally developed for a ground based high spectral resolution lidar, and this paper reports on the adaptations that were required in order to apply PTV on MPD WV observations. The adapted PTV method, coined PTV-MPD, extends the maximum altitude of the MPD from 6 km to 8 km and substantially increases the accuracy of the WV retrievals starting above 2 km. PTV-MPD achieves the improvement by simultaneously denoising the MPD noisy observations and inferring the WV by separating the random noise from the non-random WV. An analysis with 130 radiosonde (RS) comparisons shows that the relative root mean square difference (RRMSE) of WV measurements between RS and PTV-MPD exceeds 100 % between 6 and 8 km, whereas the RRMSE between RS and the standard method exceeds 100 % near 3 km. In addition, we show that by employing PTV-MPD, the MPD is able to extend its useful range of WV estimates beyond that of the ARM Southern Great Planes Raman lidar (RRMSE exceeding 100 % between 3 and 4 km); the Raman lidar has a power-aperture-product 500 times greater than that of the MPD.
Disentangling the Climate Divide with Emotional Patterns: a Network-Based Mindset Reconstruction Approach
Authors: Cremades Roger , Stella Massimo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Extreme political populism has been fiercely spreading climate disinformation for years, contributing to a social divide about climate change. In order to profile how both sides of the climate divide communicate climate change, we collected dissemination materials and analysed the mindset of key actors reaching global audiences. Here we show that applying network science to textual content and analysing the emerging reconstructed mindset can support the identification of emotional patterns linked to a quick and pervasive spread of falsehoods — i.e. an infodemic — such as hypercritical scepticism masking falsehoods under a trustful promotion of change. Climate represents a fearsome threat linked to inconsistent science in climate change infodemics. Change represents a reassuring pattern characterized by trust in climate infodemics, low anticipation without risk awareness, except for some fear about policy changes. For climate activism change is linked to high levels of negative emotions like anger, disgust and fear, related to a perception of existential threats. Furthermore, children are an angering concern in climate infodemics, while climate change activism perceives children with trust and joy, but sadness for their anticipated future.