bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universal Clinical DDH Screening Complemented with Targeted Ultrasound Is Effective in Finland
Authors: Luoto Emma-Sofia , Jalkanen Jenni , Kuitunen Ilari , Sund Reijo , Nietosvaara Yrjänä
Published: February 2025

Background:

The late diagnosis rate of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with universal ultrasound screening is 0.2 per 1,000 children according to a recent meta-analysis, which is the same as in Japan where selective ultrasound screening is used. We hypothesized that Finland’s current program of universal clinical screening complemented with targeted ultrasound is noninferior to universal and selective ultrasound screening programs.

Methods:

For this retrospective cohort study, we collected the number of children <15 years of age who were diagnosed with DDH (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes Q65.0-Q65.6 and Ninth Revision [ICD-9] code 7543) as their primary diagnosis after ≥3 visits to a physician. These data were obtained from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care, which collects the ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes from every medical appointment. We calculated the annual incidence of DDH diagnoses per 1,000 newborns between 2002 and 2021. Late diagnosis of DDH was defined as a finding of DDH in children aged 6 months through <15 years at the initial diagnosis who had undergone treatment under anesthesia (closed reduction and casting or surgery). We also registered the geographic, age, and sex distributions of the DDH diagnoses.

Results:

During the 20-year study period, 1,103,269 babies were born (median per year, 57,214 babies; range per year, 45,346 to 60,694 babies). A total of 6,421 children had a diagnosis of DDH (mean per year, 321 children; range per year, 193 to 405 children), with a mean calculated incidence of 5.8 per 1,000 newborns (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7 to 6.0). Altogether, 120 children aged 6 months through <15 years were treated for DDH, with little annual variation (median, 6.5 children; range, 2 to 9 children). The mean national incidence of late-diagnosed cases was 0.11 per 1,000 newborns (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.13).

Conclusions:

Finland’s current DDH screening program, which includes universal clinical screening with targeted ultrasound, is noninferior when compared with other screening programs.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
New Prediction Method for ROP Potential of Shaped PDC Cutters
Authors: Liu Wei , Wei Jiusen , Ge Yanbo , Tan Ziyang , Gao Deli
Published: February 2025

Mechanical specific energy (MSE) is normally used to evaluate the rock-cutting efficiency of shaped polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters. The lower the MSE, the higher rock-breaking efficiency the cutters and the bits will have, and by default, it is considered that a higher rate of penetration (ROP) can be obtained while drilling. To validate this conclusion, and also to investigate the relationship between the rock-cutting efficiency of a single cutter and the ROP performance of a drill bit, the single-cutter rock-cutting test and the drill bit rock-breaking test were conducted using five types of shaped cutters. The results show that MSE is an effective indicator for evaluating the rock-cutting efficiency of both shaped cutters and their bits. However, MSE cannot be used to predict the ROP performance of shaped cutter PDC bits. And this discrepancy between MSE indication and ROP performance is enlarged today due to the wide applications of enhanced drilling parameters, where the MSE of all shaped cutter bits has reached a similar range of constant values, while the ROP still varies for different bit designs and different drilling energy inputs.

To address the limitation of MSE in predicting ROP potentials of shaped cutters, two new evaluation indicators were derived in this work: the penetration ability (K) and the shearing ability (C), based on the findings that the effective contact area of shaped cutters formed at given drilling conditions determines the ROP performance of the drill bit deployed with these cutters. The prediction results of these two new indicators agreed well with actual ROP performances of shaped cutter bits in the laboratory tests. Through the newly developed indicators, the correlation between the single-cutter rock-cutting test results and the ROP performances of drill bits is established. Therefore, the ROP potentials of shaped cutters can be evaluated just using the single-cutter rock-cutting test, without the need for the drill bit tests and field trials, which greatly saves the research and development time and cost.
Sonographic assessment of fetal testicular development and descent
Authors: Shirakawa Aya , Yasui Toshiyuki , Mineda Ayuka , Yoshida Atsuko , Iwasa Takeshi , Kaji Takashi
Published: February 2025

Objective The aim of this report is to describe techniques and to provide basic and available scientific data on the success of testicular size procedures.
Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, 186 normal fetuses from 23 weeks of gestation were followed up by ultrasonography. We assessed the testis descent in the scrotum and measured the major (mm) and minor (mm) axes of the testes in the scrotum in fetuses, as well as the height in newborn infants. Testicular sizes were compared among five periods (23-26 weeks, 27-30 weeks, 31-34 weeks, ≥35weeks, and neonatal period).
Results The testicular cross-sectional area increased exponentially with gestational age. The cross-sectional area of each testis in fetuses at ≥35 weeks was very similar to that in newborn infants. In both the testes, the fetal testicular cross-sectional area at ≥35 weeks was strongly correlated with the neonatal testicular volume. At 27-30 weeks, the testicular cross-sectional areas of the descended testes in fetuses with unilaterally undescended testis were significantly smaller than those in fetuses with both descended testes.
Conclusion We provide basic data of fetal testis size and useful way to measure testes size available.
DJ-1 and ATP synthase are required for local protein synthesis in midbrain dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Jonas Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Dopaminergic neurons have extensive neuritic arbors therefore local protein synthesis is required. Familial PD risk gene PARK-7 (DJ-1) is a key regulator of ATP synthase and of dopaminergic growth and survival. We now find that inhibition of ATP synthase function completely abrogates protein synthesis in dopaminergic (mesDA) neuronal processes, and we demonstrate that DJ-1 is an mRNA binding protein for F1FO ATP synthase β subunit mRNA. DJ-1 localizes ATP β mRNA into neurites, thus DJ-1 patient fibroblasts and DJ-1-/- mesDA mouse neurons have low ATP β mRNA and protein, reduced growth and low protein synthesis rates. Over-expression of ATP β rescues these defects. We conclude that DJ-1 is required to optimize the stoichiometric structure of the ATP synthase in the neuritic arbors. This supports the local protein synthesis required for normal neuritic growth.
Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Magnetic and Thermoelectric Properties of Vacancy-Ordered Palladium-Based Perovskites A₂PdCl₆ (A = K, Rb, Cs) for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications
Authors: Ullah Zahid , khan Muhammad Amir , Gul Sabaha
Published: February 2025

Context and Methods Palladium-based vacancy-ordered perovskites A₂PdCl₆ (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit promising structural, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties. They crystallize in an Fm3̅m symmetry, with electronic transitions dominated by Pd d- and Cl p-orbitals. Their thermoelectric efficiency depends on electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficients, and thermal conductivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using WIEN2k with the PBE functional, incorporating spin-orbit coupling where necessary. Electronic properties were analyzed via density of states (DOS) and band structure calculations. Thermoelectric properties were evaluated using Boltzmann transport theory via BoltzTraP. The figure of merit (ZT) was computed to assess thermoelectric efficiency. Magnetic properties were studied through spin-orbit coupling effects. These insights highlight the potential of A₂PdCl₆ for sustainable energy and electronic applications.
Turkish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration® (EASI)
Authors: Balikci Aymen , Kirteke Fatos , Sirma Gamze Cagla , Ender Zeynep , Demirbas Duygu , Ozdemir Zeynep , Sagliyan Mustafa , Balikci Ayse Firdev Aracikul , Demirbag Izgi Miray , Mailloux Zoe , Roley Susanne Smith , Beaudry-Bellefeuille Isabelle
Published: February 2025

The Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration (EASI) is a performance-based assessment tool designed to evaluate sensory reactivity, sensory perception, postural-ocular control, bilateral integration, and praxis abilities in children aged 3 to 12 years. There is no standardized performance assessment to evaluate sensory integration functions with Turkish children. The objective of this study is to develop a translated and culturally adapted Turkish version of the EASI for use in clinical practice and research.
A seven-step process for translation and cross-cultural adaptation was implemented based on current recommendations identified in the litterature. The process includes forward and backward translations, expert syntesis, linguistic review, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing.
The seven-step procedure for translating and culturally adapting the EASI resulted in a Turkish version of the 20 subtests of the EASI. Although revisions were required in the synthesis and linguistic analysis phase, there were no semantic or conceptual inconsistencies in the forward translations. Some discrepancies between the backward translation and the original form were identified and resolved; none of the discrpencies were directly linked to the administration or scoring of the tests.
A Turkish version of the EASI has been developed through a research-guided seven-step method, incorporating translation and cultural adaptation. The Turkish translation and cultural adaptation of the EASI will support evidence based practice and research in the field of sensory integration within the Turkish population.
ROTATOR CUFF PYOMYOSITIS IN SICKLER PEDIATRIC CAUSED BY SALMONELLA SPECIES: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Orthopedic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU., W. Tolah Mohammed , Afifi Amgad ,   Orthopedic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU., K. Albalwi Housen ,   Orthopedic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU., Zein Ayman ,   Orthopedic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU., A. Hijan Musab ,   Orthopedic Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital - North Western Region, Tabuk, SAU.
Published: February 2025

This case report presents the case of a 1-year-old female with sickle cell anemia who developed pyomyositis due to Infection with Salmonella species. The clinical presentation of the patient included jaundice, high fever, and pain in the left shoulder, which progressed to redness, swelling, and limitations in movement. An MRI scan was conducted on the patient, revealing fluid loculations in the shoulder muscles. A surgery was performed on the patient. Post-operative care included antibiotics, leading to significant clinical improvement. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and the appropriate management of pyomyositis in patients with underlying conditions, such as sickle cell anemia.
CUSTOMER CHURN PREDICTION AND CATEGORIZATION A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO ANALYSE CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR AND DECISION MAKING IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
Authors:   Indus International School Pune., Gangwani Ishaan , Jadhav Sumedh ,   Indus International School Pune., Saifee Mustafa ,   Carnegie Mellon University.
Published: February 2025

Customer churn remains a critical challenge for subscription- based businesses, particularly in the telecommunications indus- try, where retaining customers is significantly more cost-effective than acquiring new ones. This study leverages machine learn- ing to develop a robust churn prediction framework and identify key behavioral drivers of churn. Using the Telco customer churn dataset, we employ an ensemble Voting Classifier composed of Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and CatBoost models. The ensemble achieves a high predictive accuracy, with an AUC of 0.98, effectively distinguishing between churned and retained customers. Beyond prediction, the study introduces a structured catego- rization of churn reasons into four primary classes-Attitude and Expertise, Service and Product Issues, Competitor and Price, and Other Reasons. A multi-class classification model using XGBoost achieves an accuracy of 0.63, outperforming random guess baselines. The categorization reveals that factors such as short-term contracts, lack of technical support, and high monthly charges are significant contributors to churn. Conversely, long- term contracts and automated payment methods demonstrate strong retention effects. The findings provide actionable insights into customer behav- ior and decision-making, emphasizing the importance of improv- ing technical support, addressing cost concerns, and creating in long-term commitments. By combining predictive accuracy with interpretability, this study enables targeted retention strategies to minimize churn and enhance customer lifetime value.
DESIGN INTEGRATION OF SCADA, PLC, AND IOT SYSTEMS FOR OPTIMIZING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, 50234, Indonesia., Aditya Aldi , Heru Pratomo Leonardus ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, 50234, Indonesia.
Published: February 2025

This study discusses the integration of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and Internet of Things (IoT) systems to optimize the operation of photovoltaic solar power plants (PLTS). By implementing three main operating modes: Battery to PLC, PV to PLC, and Utility to PLC, the proposed system can improve energy management efficiency, system reliability, and power management flexibility. Battery to PLC mode allows optimal use of battery power when solar energy sources are limited, such as during rainy conditions or at night. PV to PLC mode maximizes the use of solar energy during the day when there is an abundant solar energy source. Utility to PLC mode maintains the continuity of electricity supply from the PLN network when energy from batteries and solar panels is insufficient. These three operating modes create a very beneficial system for its users because it can complement all the shortcomings of conventional solar power generation systems. IoT integration also provides added value in predictive maintenance, reducing operational costs and minimizing the risk of system failure. In addition, IoT integration also makes this system perfect, with remote monitoring that can provide benefits for users, namely time efficiency and ease of system control. The test results show that the integration of SCADA, PLC, and IoT can handle large data volumes and is adapted for larger generating capacities. From an environmental perspective, using this system reduces carbon emissions by maximizing renewable energy. This study provides a framework for applying more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies in renewable energy management. This research can help the development of solar power generation systems that use clean energy sources to be developed further.
NEW EMERGING VIRUSES AND TRANSFUSION SAFETY
Authors:   Blood Transfusion Center, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Ibrahim Youssouf Ahmed , Hnach Najoua ,   Central Laboratory of Hematology-CHU IbnSina, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Nabil Marwa ,   Central Laboratory of Hematology-CHU IbnSina, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Nada Alloul ,   Central Laboratory of Hematology-CHU IbnSina, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Moumin Yacin ,   Laboratory of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University VI of Health Sciences, Casablanca, MAR., Khayar Yassine ,   Blood Transfusion Center, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Ennafah Lamia ,   Blood Transfusion Center, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR., Belmekki Abdelkader ,   Blood Transfusion Center, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, MAR.,   Laboratory of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University VI of Health Sciences, Casablanca, MAR.
Published: February 2025

Blood transfusion is one of the most sensitive and delicate activities in a health system, due to the human nature of the products used. Viral safety remains a major concern. SARS-CoV2, Ebola virus, hepatitis E, Human T-lymphotrophic viruses type I and II (HTLV), Monkeypox (Mpox), Human herpesvirus (HHV-8), Erythrovirus and Arboviruses. In addition to being infections transmitted by vectors (mainly mosquitoes), they have the common denominator of being responsible for epidermal explosions when the conditions for entomological expansion are met. These infections have the particularity of being responsible for a viremia that is generally short-lived (less than aweek on average), but which precedes the appearance of clinical signs by 1 to 2 days, a period during which a subject is infectious and can pass the filter of the pre-donation interview. The transfusion safety associated with SARS-CoV2, Ebola virus, Hepatitis E, HTLV, Mpox, HHV-8, Erythrovirus and Arboviruses were only recognized. The dawn of the 21st century for the oldest and much more recently for the others. This paradox is due to the fact that most of these viral infections have been known and described since the 1950s, mainly in tropical countries with a low socio-economic level where the transfusion risk has long been neglected. It was not until these infections became established in territories applying modern haemovigilance rules that transfusion safety was formally identified. In this work, we describe the different experiences of several countries that have experienced major obstacles when performing blood transfusions, due to epidemics of SARS-CoV2, Ebola virus, Hepatitis E, HTLV, Mpox, HHV-8, Erythrovirus and Arboviruses.
BIC VS BAX, QUEL BLOC CHOISIR EN URGENCE? EXPERIENCE DU TRAUMA CENTRE DU CHU IBN ROCHD DE CASABLANCA
Authors:   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca., Berraiteb F. ,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II., Fehdi M.A ,   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca.,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II., Dafir A. ,   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca.,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II., Aggoug B. ,   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca.,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II., Moussaoui M. ,   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca.,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II., Mouhaoui M. ,   Trauma Centre, Service des Urgences du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca.,   Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, Universite Hassan II.
Published: February 2025

Background: For upper limb procedures, brachial plexus block is a commonly used anesthetic method. The axillary block (AXB) and the infraclavicular block (ICB) are two popular methods that are compared in this study.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy and characteristics of AXB and ICB while accounting for clinical, sonographic, and demographic parameters.

Methods: Four months from July to October 2024, a prospective, single-blind, randomized descriptive research was carried out in the Trauma Center at CHU Ibn Rochd in Casablanca. There were 111 patients in all. Software called Jamovi 2022 was used to analyze the data, and the Chi-square test (P < 0.05) was used for statistical comparisons.

Results: ICB was administered to 55 individuals, whereas AXB was given to 61. For AXB and ICB, the average amounts of local anesthetic utilized were 40 mL and 25 5 mL, respectively. There were no postoperative or perioperative problems noted. Both poor echogenicity and high body mass index (BMI) were shown to be significantly correlated, as was the requirement for sedation or general anesthesia (GA) when BMI and echogenicity were combined.

Conclusion: Although recent evidence points to BICs superiority, operator skill is still very important, particularly in emergency situations.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN COSMETICS ON CONSUMER HEALTH RISKS
Authors:   Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Zhongnan, China., Frimpomaa Darkwa Jennifer , Adu Sarfo Philip ,   School of Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China., Nyantakyi George ,   School of Accounting, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Zhongnan, China., Amankwah Ophelia ,   School of Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China., Afia Boakye Claudia ,   Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationships between consumer awareness, perceived risks, health risks, and purchasing behavior in the context of heavy metal contamination in cosmetics. Using data from 675 respondents and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings reveal that higher consumer awareness reduces perceived health risks and indirectly influences purchasing behavior through perceived risks and health concerns. Perceived risks and health risks negatively impact purchasing behavior, reflecting consumer caution toward products associated with potential harm. The study highlights the mediating role of perceived risks and health concerns in shaping consumer decisions.The results indicate the importance of consumer education, transparent labeling, and safer product alternatives to address safety concerns. Additionally, the findings advocate for stricter regulatory enforcement to ensure product compliance and build consumer trust. By integrating effective risk communication and education, cosmetic manufacturers and policymakers can foster safer purchasing behaviors while addressing consumer health concerns.
Defluoridation efficiency of animal bone char and coconut shell charcoal: a comparative adsorption isotherm and kinetic study
Authors: Nyangi Magori Jackson , Ntirumolekwa Sylvanus Alfred
Published: February 2025

Groundwater in the East African Rift Valley is highly contaminated with fluoride, leading to severe public health challenges, necessitating the exploration of cost-effective removal methods. This study evaluates the efficacy of activated carbon derived from cattle bones (CBs) and coconut shells (CSs) for fluoride removal through adsorption techniques. A comparative study was performed using a batch adsorption reactor with varied adsorbent doses (0.5–10 g), treatment time (10–120 min), pH (3–10), and fluoride concentration (2–10 mg/L). The Box–Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology was applied, achieving correlation coefficients of 0.99 for CBs and 0.96 for CSs, validating the predictive models. The results showed that CB has a higher fluoride removal efficiency (96%) compared to CS (90%) under optimal conditions. CB had a maximum adsorption capacity of 9.09 mg/g, while CS reached 4.55 mg/g. Kinetic studies confirmed that fluoride adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. XRF and XRD analyses revealed fluoride removal through ion exchange with hydroxyapatite (CB) and surface complexation with amorphous carbon (CS). The findings show CB is ideal for higher fluoride concentrations, while CS excels at lower levels, demonstrating these locally available materials as affordable, practical defluoridation solutions for rural, resource-limited communities.
Assessment of pollution risks posed by trace elements in the riverbed sediment of the Ganges River in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Aggarwal Mohit , Anbukumar Srinivasan , Vijaya Kumar Thangamani
Published: February 2025

This research investigates trace elements in newly deposited riverbed sediment along a 225-km section of the Ganges River in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Samples were collected from 10 locations between Kanpur and Prayagraj, and were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The study focused on eight heavy metals: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The pollution risk was assessed using four indicators: enrichment factor (EF), Geo-Accumulation Index (GAI), contamination factor (CF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Fe (24,288 ppm) had the highest average concentration, followed by Mn (488.9 ppm), Cr (52.36 ppm), Zn (29.75 ppm), Ni (29.71 ppm), Pb (23.36 ppm), Cu (22.95 ppm), and Cd (1.10 ppm). Average values of CF indicated moderate contamination by Pb (1.06) and Cd (1.89). The average EF values for Cd at 3.15 showed moderate enrichment (EF between 2 and 5). GAI values indicated “uncontaminated to moderate” contamination (GAI between 0 and 1) by Cd (0.30), posing potential ecological risks. PLI values suggested baseline sediment contamination (PLI < 1) across all sites. The study highlights that Cd and Pb levels are concerning and may worsen with increased human activity in the river's catchment area.
Assessing the possibility of assembling long cylindrical parts
Authors:   Penza State University, E. Kurnosov Nikolay , V. Salmin Vladimir ,   Penza State University, G. Elistratova Anna ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The object of the study is the conditions of assembly of long parts connected with tension, widely used in various industries. The subject of the research is assembly technology, restrictions imposed on the assembly process in its various types. The purpose of the work is to develop well-founded recommendations for the selection of connection parameters and assembly technology, eliminating the loss of stability, with the possible use of more advanced technological processes and connections. Materials and methods. An assessment is proposed that allows predicting the loss of stability during assembly of long parts of tension joints. The study of assembly processes is carried out taking into account the critical force according to the known Euler relation, taking into account the method of installation and fastening of parts during pressing. The equations of the elastic line of sections are determined using differential equations for individual sections of the shaft and hole. The curved axis of the conditional rod is described by a system of differential equations. Results. An assessment is proposed that allows predicting the loss of stability during assembly of long parts of connections with tension, and recommendations for eliminating the loss of stability of connection parts. An example of using the proposed assessment is given. Conclusions. The proposed assessment allows selecting the parameters of the connection and the technology of its assembly, eliminating the loss of stability. Technical solutions are proposed that allow implementing more advanced technological processes of assembly of connections.
Improvement of the mathematical model for predicting the failure rate of printed circuit boards
Authors:   JSC "PO "Electropribor", A. Troshin Aleksey , V. Balakhonova Irina ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The production of long-term operable complex multilayer printed circuit boards is based on the decision to launch enhanced quality control based on an assessment of the reliability of printed circuit boards. The existing mathematical model for predicting the failure rate of complex printed circuit boards has low relevance, which makes it difficult for manufacturers to use it. The purpose of the study is to improve themathematical model for predicting the failure rate for complex multilayer printed circuit boards (which have a high density of radio elements on the board, accuracy class from 5 and above, the number of layers from 4 and above). Materials and methods. To solve this problem, we use: the method of mathematical modeling, the method of determining the failure rate from the theory of reliability. Results. The mathematical model for predicting the failure rate of a printed circuit board has been improved, taking into account additional parameters for complex multilayer printed circuit boards. Conclusions. An improved mathematical model has been tested. The results of this testing are demonstrated using a specific complex multilayer printed circuit board as an example. It is planned to conduct an extended testing of the improved mathematical model and its further implementation at a printed circuit board manufacturer.
Práticas de letramentos com memes: uma proposta para as aulas de língua inglesa no ensino médio
Authors:   , Dantas Rubens Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Desenvolver uma proposta de letramentos com o gênero meme em aulas de inglês é uma tarefa um tanto quanto desafiadora e inovadora. Sabemos que a língua inglesa é o idioma mundial do mercado de trabalho e das ciências. Logo, é fácil reconhecer a sua utilidade e importância, porque o mundo globalizado se comunica em inglês. Mas há um aspecto relevante em relação à língua inglesa que vem sendo, ao longo dos anos, carregado de críticas e questionamentos aqui no Brasil: o processo escolar de ensino e de aprendizagem do idioma. Dados de pesquisas relacionadas à aprendizagem de inglês no Brasil, mencionados em nosso trabalho, assim como o baixo rendimento em sala de aula e o pouco interesse dos aprendizes pela aprendizagem da língua, incitam-nos a refletir acerca das metodologias pedagógicas adotadas. Diante dessa premissa, para o foco da nossa pesquisa, tomamos o meme, em especial, como um gênero próprio do ambiente virtual que pode impulsionar um trabalho significativo nas aulas de língua inglesa, com vistas a promover o letramento e o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos alunos. Para isso, dialogamos com autores como Antunes (2001), Paiva (2001) e Rajagopalan (2005; 2011), no que concerne ao ensino e à aprendizagem de línguas e Kleiman (2014), Rojo (2009; 2015) e Silva (2016), quanto à abordagem de questões que envolvem os gêneros digitais, sobretudo os memes, como influência para os multiletramentos. Em relação ao delineamento metodológico, este estudo caracterizou-se como pesquisa qualitativa com viés de uma pesquisa-ação. Desse modo, baseamo-nos na sequência de procedimentos sugerida por Paiva (2019) e Kemmis e McTaggart (1998) para que atendessem, de fato, as necessidades de acompanhar o passo a passo dos trabalhos desenvolvidos. Os alunos foram orientados a produzirem memes, com legendas em inglês, como uma forma de expressar seus sentimentos e opiniões diante de situações reais do cotidiano. Obtivemos um total de 40 memes produzidos e postados no grupo de WhatsApp e Facebook, envolvendo temáticas de repercussão em 2020, sobretudo sobre as aulas remotas, pandemia da COVID-19 e eleições municipais. Logo, o resultado dessa intervenção pedagógica de letramento com o gênero meme nos mostrou a importância de ver as aulas de língua inglesa como um espaço de construção de sentidos, que interage e se utiliza de conteúdos de uso diário dos estudantes. Portanto, tendo consciência do potencial de sentidos a que esses textos se prestam, os alunos conseguiram utilizar a língua inglesa em situações reais de seu cotidiano com espontaneidade e bom humor e se posicionar diante dos fatos e informações, como cidadãos críticos, engajados e participativos na sociedade
Evaluation of Antiseptic Drug Candidate Pyridosept in Preclinical in Vitro Studies
Authors: Kazakova Renata , Iksanova Alfiya , Agafonova Mariya , Lubina Anna , Bulatova Elena , Nikitina Elena , Lisovskaya Svetlana , Kayumov Airat , Bondar Oxana , Malanyeva Albina , Vasileva Olga , Zeldi Marina , Gatina Alina , Koshkin Sergei , Komcharova Natalia , Konyakhina Yulia , Titova Kseniia , Sergeev Aleksandr , Sapozhnikov Sergey , Shtyrlin Nikita , Shtyrlin Yurii
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This work provides preclinical in vitro studies of an innovative
antimicrobial agent named pyridosept, belonging to the quaternary bis-ammonium salts
and synthesized on the base of pyridoxine. Since the wide spread of pathogens with tolerance
to both antibiotics and antiseptics challenges the development of new antimicrobials
providing high efficiency against fungi and microorganisms with multiple resistance.

Method:

This work presents in vitro studies of pyridosept, such as antibacterial and antifungal
activities (determination of minimal inhibitory concentration and quantitative suspension
test method), as well as antibacterial activity of metal surface test, sporicidal
and spermicidal activities, formation of resistance (to bacteria and fungi), Skin-PAMPA
(study of membrane transdermal permeability), mutagenicity assays (in Ames test and
SOS-chromotest), cytotoxicity (MTT-assay) and comet assay in human skin fibroblasts.

Results:

Pyridosept demonstrates advantageous antibacterial and antifungal activity in
both suspension and metal surface tests; it has anti-SARS-CoV-2, spermicidal and sporicidal
activities (comparable to chlorhexidine digluconate). On the other hand, it demonstrates
a low frequency of bacterial resistance development (no more than 2-4-fold increase
of the MIC in 30 passages, with MIC values fluctuating within 1-8 μg/ml for
Gram-positive bacteria and 4-32 μg/ml for Gram-negative bacteria) and membrane transdermal
permeability (Skin-PAMPA, 500-fold less compared to progesterone). While cytotoxicity
(in MTT- and comet assay) of pyridosept is comparable with those for bezalkonium
chloride and chlorhexidine, our results suggest that pyridosept represents an advantageous
structure for the design of new antiseptics.

Conclusion:

The information obtained during the studies demonstrated that pyridosept
has a good efficacy and safety profile, which allows us to consider it as a potential antiseptic
and disinfectant, for which it is necessary to conduct additional in vivo studies.
DDX59-AS1: A Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Predictor in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanli , Li Wei , Wei Su , Zhang Lixi , Li Dongbing , Qi Xu
Published: February 2025

Background:

The precise function of DDX59 Antisense RNA 1 (DDX59-
AS1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has yet to be fully elucidated.

Objective:

This study uses bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation to investigate
the association between DDX59-AS1 and LUAD.

Methods:

This study uses statistical analysis and database interrogation to investigate
the potential association between DDX59-AS1 expression and various clinical characteristics,
prognostic factors, regulatory networks, and immune infiltration in LUAD. The
quantification of DDX59-AS1 expression in LUAD cell lines is conducted through the
use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results:

DDX59-AS1 showed significantly elevated levels of expression in patients
with LUAD. High levels of DDX59-AS1 expression were found to be significantly associated
with poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with LUAD (p = 0.024). Furthermore,
an independent correlation was observed between high DDX59-AS1 expression
(p = 0.037) and OS in LUAD patients. DDX59-AS1 was found to be involved in various
pathways, including glutathione metabolism, proteasome function, and the cytosolic
DNA sensing pathway, among others. A significant correlation was observed between
the expression levels of DDX59-AS1 and immune cell infiltration in the context of LUAD.
Notably, elevated expression of DDX59-AS1 was observed in LUAD cell lines
compared to the non-cancerous Beas-2B cell line.

Conclusion:

A significant correlation was observed between elevated DDX59-AS1 expression
in patients with LUAD and adverse prognosis, alongside increased immune infiltration.
These results indicate that DDX59-AS1 may function as a prognostic marker
for LUAD and a potential predictor of immunotherapy response.
Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 Enhances Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Activating the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Yue , Han Lin , Miao Xingyu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Glioblastoma is a common primary malignant intracranial tumor in
adults associated with high disability and mortality. Despite the use of traditional surgical methods,
postoperative radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the median survival for glioma patients remains
disappointingly brief. As a result, there is an urgent need to explore new targets and develop
novel targeted drugs to potentially improve patient survival. Notably, CLIC1 expression is upregulated
in tumors and correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis.
Nonetheless, its potential role in gliomas remains largely unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the bioinformatics characteristics and clinicopathological
features of CLIC1, including WHO classification and OS.

Methods:

Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were carried out to detect the expression
of CLIC1 in glioma tissues. Moreover, CCK8, plate clone formation assay, and EdU proliferation
assay were carried out for cell proliferation ability. Transwell and scratch assay were performed
for cell invasion and migration. Western blotting was also conducted to verify the relationship
between CLIC1 and EMT and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The effect of the knockdown of
CLIC1 on tumor growth capacity was assessed in an intracranial xenograft model.

Results:

CLIC1 was found to be associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients, and in vivo experiments
demonstrated that CLIC1 promoted GBM cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In
addition, CLIC1 positively regulated ERK1/2 signaling to promote the EMT process in GBM
cells. In vitro experiments showed that CLIC1 could affect intracranial tumor progression in mice.

Conclusion:

In summary, these findings expand our knowledge of CLIC1, confirming its oncogenic
role and laying the groundwork for future development of pharmacological agents targeting
this gene.
Microglial Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Central Players in Neuroinflammation and Pathogenesis
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Khan Yumna , Fatima Rabab , Maqbool Mudasir , Ramalingam Prasanna Srinivasan , Khan Mohammad Gayoor , Bisht Ajay Singh
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder of
cognition with clinical features and anatomical hallmarks of amyloid-β plaques and/or neurofibrillary
tangles. New studies revealed that microglia, the native immune cells in the brain, are crucial
in the development of AD. The present review aims at outlining various roles of microglia in AD
especially targeting their role in neuroinflammation. These indicate that microglial dysfunction
contributes to AD pathology by affecting both amyloid-β phagocytosis and tau hyperphosphorylation.
Other investigative molecular perpetrators, including TREM2, also influence the microglial
relevance to amyloid and tau, as well as the overall disease phase. The functional microglia can
protect neurons, while the dysfunctional one has the capability of derailing neuronal potentials
and aggravating neurodegeneration. We have also discussed therapeutic strategies that start with
targeting microglia to reduce neuroinflammation and reinstate balance. However, certain
problems, including the side effects of microglial modulation, cost constraint, and accessibility,
are areas of concern. In this review, the author presents the current state of knowledge on the potential
of microglia-targeted treatments, their risks, and benefits. Thus, this article emphasizes the
importance of the expansion of research to decipher the exact manipulation of microglia in AD
with the goal of applying these findings given therapeutic approaches.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular and Hepatic Changes in Myocardial Infarction Patients Post-Covid-19 Vaccination
Authors: Mehanna Mohamed Gamil , Eid Thamir Mahmoud , Maarof Badr Abdullah , Baig Mirza Rafi , Naqvi Salma , Alabassi Fahad A. , El gayar Ahmed El Sayed , Omar Abdelmaaboud M.M. , Al-Bar Omar A. , Gazi Shaikh , Kumar Vikas , Anwar Firoz
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The global COVID-19 vaccination campaign has significantly reduced severe
illness and mortality; however, emerging evidence raises concerns regarding its potential cardiovascular
effects, particularly myocardial infarction (MI).

Method:

This study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and MI incidence
among first-time MI patients in Saudi Arabia. Post-COVID-19 vaccination within six months postvaccination
accounted for potential confounding factors, such as pre-existing health conditions, age,
and lifestyle. A total of 102 MI patients, with a male predominance of 60.8% and a significant correlation
with middle age, were analysed. A+ blood group patients were the most prevalent (33.3%),
followed by B+ (29.4%), while Rh-negative patients constituted only 7.8%. Elevated mean BNP
(761.98 pg/ml), pulse rate (87.72 bpm), and systolic blood pressure (139.98 mmHg) indicated heightened
cardiac stress (p < 0.01).

Results:

Significant elevations in AST (121.65 U/L) and ALT (133.63 U/L) levels suggested liver
stress post-Covid-19 vaccination (p < 0.01). Males had higher AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels than
females, with p-values of 0.02, 0.01, and 0.04, respectively, indicating hepatic differences. Elevated
biomarkers like CK-MB (58.05 IU/L) and CPK (313.86 mcg/L) further affirmed significant myocardial
damage post-vaccination (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest a link between vaccination and cardiovascular events and highlight
the importance of considering individual health profiles in evaluating vaccine safety, cardiovascular
health, and hepatic implications.
Optimization of Formulation and Physicochemical, Sensory and Nutritional Evaluation of Shelf-stable Dehydrated Ready-To-Eat Salads
Authors: Koli Rachana , Prasuna R. Gyana
Published: February 2025

Background:

In the fast-paced world of today, "time" is a valuable and limited resource
that can make a difference in our lives. Furthermore, since more people are employed,
there is a greater need for ready-to-eat foods. Salad is an essential component of the daily diet.

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to develop a nutrient-dense, dehydrated readyto-
eat salad with dehydrated fruits (pineapple), vegetables (beetroot, carrot, and pumpkin seed),
and salad dressings.

Methods:

In this work, development of four salad dressings with different flavours and aromas
has been carried out, namely honey mustard dressing (A), tahini dressing (B), Caesar dressing
(C), and balsamic vinaigrette dressing (D) to improve the palatability of salad. All 16 variations
were subjected to a sensory examination utilizing a nine-point hedonic scale. A
physicochemical investigation was additionally carried out on the variants that received good
acceptance ratings. Total Plate Count Test was used to determine the product's shelf life.

Results:

The study's findings indicate that the Variation 4C variant's sensory qualities were
well-received, receiving an overall consumer acceptability rating of 8.83. The ratios of carrot,
beetroot, pumpkin seed, pineapple, and Caesar dressing were 25%:15%:15%:15%:30%,
respectively. The dehydrated RTE salad (Variation 4C) variation has 20.98% moisture, 15.27 g
protein, 10.10 g fat, 4.84 g crude fiber, 6.20mg of minerals, and 3.3mg of vitamin A/100g.
Microbiologically, V4C variation was acceptable for up to 60 days when refrigerated at 8°C.

Conclusion:

Overall research findings indicate that consumers accept salad in dehydrated
ready-to-eat salad form, offered in different combinations, while retaining its nutritional value.
Antifungal Agents and Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections
Authors: Choudhary Pooja , Punia Aruna , Kumari Sudesh , Chhillar Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Invasive fungal infection has been a major health concern for decades in humans.
Globally, millions of serious infections are reported each year, leading to significant mortality
rates and imposing a substantial health burden across populations. After the COVID-19 pandemic,
complications from co-infections, secondary infections, and superinfections in critically ill
patients have become a major concern, which further worsened the scenario. Co-morbidity and
mortality in immunodeficient patients are mainly associated with Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.,
and Mucorales. The main problem in fungal infection is seldom construed initially, intensifying
the infection and hindering treatment. The increase in fungal infections can be linked to a range
of social and medical factors that inadvertently facilitate their spread. Fungal isolates employ different
mechanisms to invade the host immune system, and limited availability of drug arsenal,
administration mode, toxicity association, drug-drug interaction, and the emergence of antifungal
resistance challenge the therapeutic approach. In this review article, we highlighted the antifungal
agents, their site of action, the development of drug resistance against the classical drug available
in the treatment of fungal infections, and recently developed novel antifungals and other alternative
approaches such as using a combination of either two known antifungal agents or one known
antifungal with a non-antifungal agent for invasive fungal infection treatment.
In Silico Identification of Emblica officinalis Compounds Inhibiting Thermolabile Hemolysin from Vibrio alginolyticus in Shrimp
Authors: Bari Sayed Mashequl , Marma Meamaching , Reza Nafees Bin , Ahmed Sk. Faisal , Shoriful Islam Md. , Rayhan Nafis , Hossian Md. Alomgir , Matiur Rahman Md. , Saiful Alam Md.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) is a key virulent protein of Vibrio alginolyticus,
known for its hemolytic and phospholipase activities, leading to shrimp vibriosis disease.
It has been suggested as a potential therapeutic candidate for vibriosis therapy.

Methods:

Computational studies, including molecular docking, toxicity analysis, and molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations, were conducted to investigate the inhibition of the phospholipase
activity of TLH by phytochemicals from Emblica officinalis.

Results:

Out of the twenty-nine compounds, the top three, including Ellagic acid (CID
5281855), Quercetin (CID 5280343), and Kaempferol (CID 5280863), were sorted based on
their highest molecular docking scores of -9.2, -8.9, and -8.8, respectively. Subsequently, molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations of these selected leads were performed to observe the structural
stability of these compounds in the binding sites of TLH protein. The MD simulation outcomes
indicated that all three compounds demonstrated superior stability throughout 100 nanoseconds
compared to the control compound Resveratrol. The molecular simulation results suggest
stable interactions, with average root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-meansquare
fluctuation (RMSF) values of 1-2 Å and 0-3 Å. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity analyses
were conducted to evaluate the suitability and toxicity of these selected compounds. All top
three compounds passed the Lipinski rule, and toxicity criteria.

Conclusion:

Therefore, these compounds have the potential to serve as effective therapeutics
for controlling Vibrio alginolyticus infection in shrimp.