bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Force feedback temperature control for hot-tool plastic foam cutting
Authors: Brooks H L , Aitchison D R
Published: November 2009

This paper presents the ideation of a force feedback temperature control system for advanced hot-tool plastic foam cutting systems. With respect to other controllers, the force feedback temperature control strategy is simple to apply given that it modulates the electrical power input independent of the predetermined tool path and feed rate. The control strategy is implemented by making a series of one-dimensional cuts with a hot wire. The electrical power input to the hot wire is modulated to provide constant tool temperature. Since the cutting force and kerf width are both dependent on the tool temperature, maintaining a constant tool temperature results in consistent cut surface characteristics. The force feedback temperature control theory and its practical implementation in one dimension are presented as well as an accurate description of the cutting process. Experimental results are presented to validate both theoretical assumptions and practical benefits. A number of barriers to implementation for three-dimensional sculpting are discussed with possible solutions. The experimental results validate the predictions that force feedback temperature control is an effective control method for hot-tool plastic foam cutting.
Grinding process parameter optimization using non-traditional optimization algorithms
Authors: Rao R V , Pawar P J
Published: November 2009

Selection of machining parameters in any machining process significantly affects the production rate, quality, and cost of a component. This paper presents the multi-objective optimization of process parameters of a grinding process using various non-traditional optimization techniques such as artificial bee colony, harmony search, and simulated annealing algorithms. The objectives considered in the present work are production cost, production rate, and surface finish subjected to the constraints of thermal damage, wheel wear, and machine tool stiffness. The process variables considered for optimization are wheel speed, workpiece speed, depth of dressing, and lead of dressing. The results of the algorithms presented are compared with the previously published results obtained by using other optimization techniques.
Multistate stochastic network interdiction via reliability modelling and evolutionary optimization
Authors: Carrigy A , Ramirez-Marquez J E , Rocco C M
Published: November 2009

This paper extends the current stochastic network interdiction problem (SNIP) approaches to allow for the inclusion of multistate behaviour of link flow when a given link is targeted for interdiction. Under this modelling scenario, described as the multistate SNIP, a new optimization model is described for maximizing the reliability associated with an interdiction strategy constrained to a prespecified s— t flow and a prespecified cost. An evolutionary algorithm, known as the probabilistic solution discovery algorithm, is used to obtain quasi-optimal solutions for the multistate SNIP problem. This algorithm comprises a three-step process that implements multistate network reliability computation techniques along with an evolutionary optimization routine to find interdiction strategies. The solutions to different test cases show that the optimization routine is able to identify high-quality solutions in a significantly reduced search space.
Wind power modelling and the determination of capacity credit in an electric power system
Authors: Billinton R , Huang D
Published: November 2009

Wind is an important energy source and is regarded as a valuable alternative to traditional electric power-generating sources. There is an increasing interest in the development and use of wind energy as a substitute for more conventional energy because of its high potential and minimum impact on the environment. Generating capacity from wind power behaves quite differently than that from more conventional generating sources, as the wind is highly variable and is both site and terrain specific. These conditions dictate the need to develop suitable models and procedures to assess the reliability implications associated with integrating wind power in electric power systems.

This paper presents an approach to modelling wind power in generating-capacity reliability studies using an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series. The technique is illustrated by application to a representative test system using wind data from a site in Saskatchewan, Canada. The test system is used to illustrate the effect on the system risk of adding increasing amounts of wind capacity to a conventional generating system. The risk is assessed using the loss of load expectation and loss of energy expectation indices. The generating capacity credit attributable to wind power is expressed in terms of the increase in system peak load-carrying capability at the criterion risk level. These analyses are extended to consider multiple wind sites with dependent and independent wind regimes.
Linking yesterday and tomorrow: Preschoolers' ability to report temporally displaced events
Authors: Suddendorf Thomas
Published: November 2009

Various lines of research have recently reported links between the ability to recall past and imagine future episodes. Here I report evidence that such links exist in development. Eighty‐two children were asked to report what they did yesterday and what they are going to do tomorrow. Children who could answer one were also more likely to answer the other question. Furthermore, there was an association between the quantity of responses for past and future questions. This correlation continued to be significant even when controlling for children's capacity to answer similar questions that did not have a temporal, episodic component (e.g., ‘tell me all the things that you can think of that are red’). Together, these results are in line with the growing evidence for fundamental links in the neuro‐cognitive resources involved in thinking about past and future events.
Extending the job design perspective on individual innovation: Exploring the effect of group reflexivity
Authors: Urbach Tina , Fay Doris , Goral Agata
Published: November 2009

Extending previous research on group reflexivity as a group level predictor of individual innovation, we examined group reflexivity as a possible moderator of the effect of job control and task complexity on individual innovation. We obtained data on job and group characteristics from 135 members of software development teams; line managers provided ratings on individual innovation. Data were analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Results lend further support to a positive effect of job design on individual innovation, but no effect was found for group reflexivity. The interplay between job design and group reflexivity reveals a more complex picture. While the positive effect of job control is augmented in the presence of high reflexivity, in contrast, task complexity is negatively associated with innovation in teams with high reflexivity. Results are discussed from a time and cognitive resource perspective. Furthermore, the development of context‐specific models on group reflexivity is proposed.
Female juvenile arsonists: An exploratory look at characteristics and solo and group arson offences
Authors: Hickle Kristine E. , Roe‐Sepowitz Dominique E.
Published: November 2009

Purpose. This study is an examination of a sample of 114 female juveniles charged with arson in a large juvenile justice system. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited descriptive literature about female juvenile arsonists.

Methods. Female juvenile arsonists who had been charged with an arson were explored regarding their experiences of family disorganization, abuse and neglect, school issues, substance abuse, mental health, and crime characteristics. Group and solo arson offending was explored in depth. Subjects were from a large US southern state and included all the girls charged with arson over a 5‐year period from 2001 to 2005.

Results. The female juvenile arsonists were often from profoundly unstable homes, experienced difficulty with school attendance and behaviour, had little or no contact with at least one parent, and were in a crisis at the time of the arson offence. Arson crimes committed by juvenile female offenders were most often at school and were a result of an accidental or impulsive act. Solo female juvenile arsonists had more instability in their homes, poorer school enrollment, increased experiences of limited contact with a parent, often felt upset, angry, and expressed suicidal thoughts when compared to group female juvenile arson offenders.

Conclusions. Female juveniles who commit arson alone present very different risk factors and immediate problems than those who commit arson in a group; they likely need very different treatment. Juvenile arson crimes should be seen as warning signal given out by youth in distress.
Six of Eight Hemoglobin A1c Point-of-Care Instruments Do Not Meet the General Accepted Analytical Performance Criteria
Authors: Lenters-Westra Erna , Slingerland Robbert J
Published: November 2009

Background: Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) point-of-care (POC) instruments are widely used to provide rapid-turnaround results in diabetic care centers. We investigated the conformance of various Hb A1c POC instruments (In2it from Bio-Rad, DCA Vantage from Siemens, Afinion and Nycocard from Axis-Shield, Clover from Infopia, InnovaStar from DiaSys, A1CNow from Bayer, and Quo-Test from Quotient Diagnostics) with generally accepted performance criteria for Hb A1c.

Methods: The CLSI protocols EP-10, EP-5, and EP-9 were applied to investigate imprecision, accuracy, and bias. We assessed bias using 3 certified secondary reference measurement procedures and the mean of the 3 reference methods. Assay conformance with the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) certification criteria, as calculated from analyses with 2 different reagent lot numbers for each Hb A1c method, was also evaluated.

Results: Because of disappointing EP-10 results, 2 of the 8 manufacturers decided not to continue the evaluation. The total CVs from EP-5 evaluations for the different instruments with a low and high Hb A1c value were: In2it 4.9% and 3.3%, DCA Vantage 1.8% and 3.7%, Clover 4.0% and 3.5%, InnovaStar 3.2% and 3.9%, Nycocard 4.8% and 5.2%, and Afinion 2.4% and 1.8%. Only the Afinion and the DCA Vantage passed the NGSP criteria with 2 different reagent lot numbers.

Conclusions: Only the Afinion and the DCA Vantage met the acceptance criteria of having a total CV <3% in the clinically relevant range. The EP-9 results and the calculations of the NGSP certification showed significant differences in analytical performance between different reagent lot numbers for all Hb A1c POC instruments.
Mapping Transitions in Interpersonal Learning for Students With Additional Needs
Authors: Coles-Janess Bernadette , Griffin Patrick
Published: November 2009

This article reports on the development of an interpersonal measure for students with additional learning needs. A questionnaire and learning continuum were constructed using a methodology devised by Griffin (2007a) for creating criterion-referenced frameworks. Teachers reported on 1619 students, ranging in age from 3 to 18 years. Analysis of the data, using item response modelling, found the questionnaire was able to measure interpersonal capacity reliably over a large ability range. The interpersonal domain is an imprecise and multifaceted area, so how teachers should support the learning needs of students within it is not always apparent. The devised measures offer the prospect of a more systematic and evidence-based approach to educating students within this domain.
Profiling Transitions in Emotional Development for Students With Additional Learning Needs
Authors: Roberts Eileen , Griffin Patrick
Published: November 2009

The aim of the research described in this article was to build a protocol for describing students' development of emotional knowledge and understanding, and to tailor this to the requirements of assessing the progress of students with additional needs. The paper reports the establishment of such a developmental profile, using procedures for defining standards-referenced frameworks (Griffin, 2007) to create an observation questionnaire of students' emotional skills. This approach relies on the knowledge and collaboration of experienced teachers and researchers in the fields of special education and emotional development to establish an hypothesised framework of critical skills, observable behaviour statements, and developmental criteria that map qualitative transitions in student performance. The framework was subsequently validated against observation data gathered by teachers in 2007, from 77 Victorian government schools (21 mainstream, 56 special education) on 1597 students (3 to 18 years) with additional needs. Their responses were calibrated using partial credit item response modelling to empirically identify major transitions in students' emotional development and to establish the construct validity of the profile. In the area of students' emotional development, teachers have limited access to information that supports their assessment of progress and underpins decisions about setting goals for learning and appraising teaching strategies. The proposed article describes early stages of a research program that attempts to redress this situation by working with teachers to develop an appropriate and inclusive profile of emotional development for students with additional needs.
Complementary Theta Resonance Filtering by Two Spatially Segregated Mechanisms in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Hu Hua , Vervaeke Koen , Graham Lyle J. , Storm Johan F.
Published: November 2009

Synaptic input to a neuron may undergo various filtering steps, both locally and during transmission to the soma. Using simultaneous whole-cell recordings from soma and apical dendrites from rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, and biophysically detailed modeling, we found two complementary resonance (bandpass) filters of subthreshold voltage signals. Both filters favor signals in the theta (3–12 Hz) frequency range, but have opposite location, direction, and voltage dependencies: (1) dendritic H-resonance, caused by h/HCN-channels, filters signals propagating from soma to dendrite when the membrane potential is close to rest; and (2) somatic M-resonance, caused by M/Kv7/KCNQ and persistent Na+(NaP) channels, filters signals propagating from dendrite to soma when the membrane potential approaches spike threshold. Hippocampal pyramidal cells participate in theta network oscillations during behavior, and we suggest that that these dual, polarized theta resonance mechanisms may convey voltage-dependent tuning of theta-mediated neural coding in the entorhinal/hippocampal system during locomotion, spatial navigation, memory, and sleep.
Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons Are More Numerous, Faster Maturing, and More Involved in Behavior in Rats than in Mice
Authors: Snyder Jason S. , Choe Jessica S. , Clifford Meredith A. , Jeurling Sara I. , Hurley Patrick , Brown Ashly , Kamhi J. Frances , Cameron Heather A.
Published: November 2009

Neurons are born throughout adulthood in the hippocampus and show enhanced plasticity compared with mature neurons. However, there are conflicting reports on whether or not young neurons contribute to performance in behavioral tasks, and there is no clear relationship between the timing of maturation of young neurons and the duration of neurogenesis reduction in studies showing behavioral deficits. We asked whether these discrepancies could reflect differences in the properties of young neurons in mice and rats. We report that young neurons in adult rats show a mature neuronal marker profile and activity-induced immediate early gene expression 1–2 weeks earlier than those in mice. They are also twice as likely to escape cell death, and are 10 times more likely to be recruited into learning circuits. This comparison holds true in two different strains of mice, both of which show high rates of neurogenesis relative to other background strains. Differences in adult neurogenesis are not limited to the hippocampus, as the density of new neocortical neurons was 5 times greater in rats than in mice. Finally, in a test of function, we find that the contribution of young neurons to fear memory is much greater in rats than in mice. These results reveal substantial differences in new neuron plasticity and function between these two commonly studied rodent species.
Default Mode of Brain Activity Demonstrated by Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Awake Monkeys: Higher Rest-Related than Working Memory-Related Activity in Medial Cortical Areas
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Onoe Hirotaka , Hikosaka Kazuo , Tsutsui Ken-ichiro , Tsukada Hideo , Watanabe Masataka
Published: November 2009

Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the presence of a “default system” in the brain, which shows a “default mode of brain activity,” i.e., greater activity during the resting state than during an attention-demanding cognitive task. The default system mainly involves the medial prefrontal and medial parietal areas, including the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. It has been proposed that this default activity is concerned with internal thought processes. Recently, it has been indicated that chimpanzees show high metabolic levels in these medial brain areas during rest. Correlated low-frequency spontaneous activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging was observed between the medial parietal and medial prefrontal areas in the anesthetized monkey. However, there have been few attempts to demonstrate a default system that shows task-induced deactivation in nonhuman primates. We conducted a positron emission tomography study with [15O]H2O to demonstrate a default mode of brain activity in the awake monkey sitting on a primate chair. Macaque monkeys showed higher level of regional blood flow in these medial brain areas as well as lateral and orbital prefrontal areas during rest compared with that under a working memory task, suggesting the existence of internal thought processes in the monkey. However, during rest in the monkey, the highest level of blood flow relative to that in other brain regions was observed not in the default system but in the dorsal striatum, suggesting that regions with the highest cerebral blood flow during rest may differ depending on the resting condition and/or species.
SR1, a Mouse Odorant Receptor with an Unusually Broad Response Profile
Authors: Grosmaitre Xavier , Fuss Stefan H. , Lee Anderson C. , Adipietro Kaylin A. , Matsunami Hiroaki , Mombaerts Peter , Ma Minghong
Published: November 2009

The current consensus model in mammalian olfaction is that the detection of millions of odorants requires a large number of odorant receptors (ORs) and that each OR interacts selectively with a small subset of odorants, which are typically related in structure. Here, we report the odorant response properties of an OR that deviates from this model: SR1, a mouse OR that is abundantly expressed in sensory neurons of the septal organ and also of the main olfactory epithelium. Patch-clamp recordings reveal that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that express SR1 respond to many, structurally unrelated odorants, and over a wide concentration range. Most OSNs expressing a gene-targeted SR1 locus that lacks the SR1 coding sequence do not show this broad responsiveness. Gene transfer in the heterologous expression system Hana3A confirms the broad response profile of SR1. There may be other mouse ORs with such broad response profiles.
Caudate Nucleus Is Critically Involved in Trace Eyeblink Conditioning
Authors: Flores Luke C. , Disterhoft John F.
Published: November 2009

The basal ganglia are a collection of brain regions involved with motor planning and initiation. The major site of cortical and thalamic input into the basal ganglia network is the striatum, which includes a differentiated caudate nucleus (CN) and the putamen in rabbits. Trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a forebrain-dependent associative learning task in which a stimulus-free time interval separates the presentation of a behaviorally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) and a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus. We investigated whether the CN is essential for acquisition of trace EBC and whether learning-related changes in neuronal activity occur in the caudate nucleus during trace EBC. Bilateral lesions of the CN in rabbits prevent acquisition of trace EBC. In separate cohorts of rabbits, single-unit recordings showed that medium spiny neurons from regions shown to be critical by lesions display strong responses to the CS, especially in the initial days of training before acquisition. Cholinergic interneurons, or tonically active neurons, become responsive to the CS and show dramatic firing rate changes during the trace interval after learning criterion has been met. These data demonstrate that the CN is required for and involved in trace EBC.
Endogenous Rhythms inPeriod1Mutant Suprachiasmatic NucleiIn VitroDo Not Represent Circadian Behavior
Authors: Pendergast Julie S. , Friday Rio C. , Yamazaki Shin
Published: November 2009

The mammalian circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) controls daily rhythms of behavior and physiology. Lesions of the SCN cause arrhythmicity of locomotor activity, and transplants of fetal SCN tissue restore rhythmic behavior that is consistent with the periodicity of the donor's genotype, suggesting that the SCN determines the period of the circadian behavioral rhythm. While several studies have demonstrated that the circadian characteristics ofin vitroSCN rhythms represent circadian behavior, others have shown that the periods of explanted SCN are not always congruent with locomotor activity. We find that the aberrant rhythms ofex vivoSCN lacking functionalPeriod1 (Per1−/−) do not represent the behavioral rhythms of the mutant animals. Surprisingly, in C57BL/6JPer1−/−mice, the real-time circadian gene promoter activity rhythm is weak or absent in adult SCN slicesin vitroeven though the free-running wheel-running activity rhythm is indistinguishable from wild-type (Per1+/+) mice. While some neurons inPer1−/−SCN explants exhibit robust circadian rhythms, others have irregular and/or low-amplitude rhythms. Together, these data suggest that either a small population of rhythmic neurons in thePer1−/−SCN is sufficient to control wheel-running activity or thatin vivophysiological factors can compensate for the aberrant endogenous rhythms ofPer1−/−SCN.
The Transition from Radial Glial to Intermediate Progenitor Cell Is Inhibited by FGF Signaling during Corticogenesis
Authors: Kang Wenfei , Wong Li Chin , Shi Song-Hai , Hébert Jean M.
Published: November 2009

During corticogenesis, the balance between the self-renewal of radial glial stem cells and the production of their descendent progenitor cells is essential in generating the correct size and cell composition of the neocortex. How the stem-to-progenitor cell transition is regulated is poorly understood. FGFs are commonly implicated in promoting proliferation of neural precursor cells, but it is unclear how they exert their effects on stem cells, progenitor cells, or bothin vivo.Here, three FGF receptor genes are simultaneously deleted during cortical neurogenesis. In these mutants, radial glia are depleted due to an increased transition from an uncommitted state to a more differentiated one, initially causing an increase in progenitors, but ultimately resulting in a smaller cortex. The proliferation rate of progenitors themselves, however, is unchanged. These results indicate that FGFs normally repress the radial glia to progenitor cell transition during corticogenesis.
Investigating the Functional Heterogeneity of the Default Mode Network Using Coordinate-Based Meta-Analytic Modeling
Authors: Laird Angela R. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Li Karl , Robin Donald A. , Glahn David C. , Fox Peter T.
Published: November 2009

The default mode network (DMN) comprises a set of regions that exhibit ongoing, intrinsic activity in the resting state and task-related decreases in activity across a range of paradigms. However, DMN regions have also been reported as task-related increases, either independently or coactivated with other regions in the network. Cognitive subtractions and the use of low-level baseline conditions have generally masked the functional nature of these regions. Using a combination of activation likelihood estimation, which assesses statistically significant convergence of neuroimaging results, and tools distributed with the BrainMap database, we identified core regions in the DMN and examined their functional heterogeneity. Meta-analytic coactivation maps of task-related increases were independently generated for each region, which included both within-DMN and non-DMN connections. Their functional properties were assessed using behavioral domain metadata in BrainMap. These results were integrated to determine a DMN connectivity model that represents the patterns of interactions observed in task-related increases in activity across diverse tasks. Subnetwork components of this model were identified, and behavioral domain analysis of these cliques yielded discrete functional properties, demonstrating that components of the DMN are differentially specialized. Affective and perceptual cliques of the DMN were identified, as well as the cliques associated with a reduced preference for motor processing. In summary, we used advanced coordinate-based meta-analysis techniques to explicate behavior and connectivity in the default mode network; future work will involve applying this analysis strategy to other modes of brain function, such as executive function or sensorimotor systems.
T-Cell Infiltration and Signaling in the Adult Dorsal Spinal Cord Is a Major Contributor to Neuropathic Pain-Like Hypersensitivity
Authors: Costigan Michael , Moss Andrew , Latremoliere Alban , Johnston Caroline , Verma-Gandhu Monica , Herbert Teri A. , Barrett Lee , Brenner Gary J. , Vardeh Daniel , Woolf Clifford J. , Fitzgerald Maria
Published: November 2009

Partial peripheral nerve injury in adult rats results in neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity, while that in neonatal rats does not, a phenomenon also observed in humans. We therefore compared gene expression profiles in the dorsal horn of adult and neonatal rats in response to the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of peripheral neuropathic pain. The 148 differentially regulated genes in adult, but not young, rat spinal cords indicate a greater microglial and T-cell response in adult than in young animals. T-cells show a large infiltration in the adult dorsal horn but not in the neonate after SNI. T-cell-deficientRag1-null adult mice develop less neuropathic mechanical allodynia than controls, and central expression of cytokines involved in T-cell signaling exhibits large relative differences between young and adult animals after SNI. One such cytokine, interferon-γ (IFNγ), is upregulated in the dorsal horn after nerve injury in the adult but not neonate, and we show that IFNγ signaling is required for full expression of adult neuropathic hypersensitivity. These data reveal that T-cell infiltration and activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury contribute to the evolution of neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity. The neuroimmune interaction following peripheral nerve injury has therefore a substantial adaptive immune component, which is absent or suppressed in the young CNS.
Neuronal Transporters Regulate Glutamate Clearance, NMDA Receptor Activation, and Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus
Authors: Scimemi Annalisa , Tian Hua , Diamond Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2009

In the mammalian brain, the specificity of excitatory synaptic transmission depends on rapid diffusion of glutamate away from active synapses and the powerful uptake capacity of glutamate transporters in astrocytes. The extent to which neuronal glutamate transporters influence the lifetime of glutamate in the extracellular space remains unclear. Here we show that EAAC1, the predominant neuronal glutamate transporter at excitatory synapses in hippocampal area CA1, buffers glutamate released during synaptic events and prolongs the time course of its clearance by astrocytes. EAAC1 does not significantly alter activation of receptors in the synaptic cleft. Instead, it reduces recruitment of perisynaptic/extrasynaptic NR2B-containing NMDARs, thereby facilitating induction of long-term potentiation by short bursts of high-frequency stimulation. We describe novel roles of EAAC1 in regulating glutamate diffusion and propose that NMDARs at different subsynaptic locations can make distinct contributions to the regulation of synaptic strength.
‚Incestuous’ Marriage in Achaemenid Iran: Myths and Realities
Authors: Bigwood Joan M.
Published: November 2009

Greek and Roman authors often state that it was allowable for Persians to marry mothers, daughters and other very close relatives, claims that many modern scholars accept as valid for the Achaemenid, as well as for later years. This article re-examines the ancient sources for such marriages in the Achaemenid era, both the general statements and the tales of specific unions, and argues that the evidence for marital alliances between parent and child, and those between full siblings, is exceedingly weak. It thus lends support to the views expressed by Brosius in her brief discussion of the issue, views which others have ignored or even rejected.
Il termine ἐπίγονοι nella storiografia sull’ellenismo
Authors: Primo Andrea
Published: November 2009

Riassunto

Nella storiografia moderna sull’Ellenismo il termine Epigonoi indica la seconda generazione di sovrani successivi ad Alessandro Magno, cioè i figli dei cosiddetti Diadochi. In realtà i brani di Strabone, Diodoro e Appiano su cui si fonda questa ipotesi sembrano mostrare che il termine designava in blocco tutti i sovrani successivi ai Diadochi, e non la sola generazione immediatamente seguente. Da qui l’A. trae spunto per riconsiderare titoli e contenuti delle opere storiografiche di Ieronimo di Cardia (FGrH 154) e Ninfide di Eraclea pontica (FGrH 432).
Die Vita et passio Cypriani: Aussageabsicht und historischer Hintergrund
Authors: Ziegler Mario
Published: November 2009

Die Vita et passio Cypriani, die mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit vom karthagischen Presbyter Pontius verfaßt wurde, verfolgt mehrere Absichten: Neben einer panegyrischen und einer pädagogischen Funktion muß auch eine starke apologetische Tendenz angenommen werden, da sich Pontius ausführlich mit den Vorwürfen auseinandersetzt, die Cyprian wegen dessen Flucht in der Christenverfolgung des Decius gemacht wurden. Diese apologetische Funktion ist in hohem Maß für die Abfassung des ersten Teiles der Schrift verantwortlich, der die traditionelle Literaturgattung der passio um die Schilderung des Lebens des Heiligen erweitert. Spätere christliche Autoren greifen jedoch weiterhin auf die herkömmlichen reinen Martyriumsberichte zurück, so daß die Schrift des Pontius in der lateinischen Literatur eine Sonderstellung einnimmt.
Non-standard behavior of density estimators for sums of squared observations
Authors: Schick Anton , Wefelmeyer Wolfgang
Published: November 2009

It has been shown recently that, under an appropriate integrability condition, densities of functions of independent and identically distributed random variables can be estimated at the parametric rate by a local U-statistic, and a functional central limit theorem holds. For the sum of two squared random variables, the integrability condition typically fails. We show that then the estimator behaves differently for different arguments. At points in the support of the squared random variable, the rate of the estimator slows down by a logarithmic factor and is independent of the bandwidth, but the asymptotic variance depends on the rate of the bandwidth, and otherwise only on the density of the squared random variable at this point and at zero. A functional central limit theorem cannot hold. Of course, for bounded random variables, the sum of squares is more spread out than a single square. At points outside the support of the squared random variable, the estimator behaves classically. Now the rate is again parametric, the asymptotic variance has a different form and does not depend on the bandwidth, and a functional central limit theorem holds.
A terapia comunitária como um novo instrumento de cuidado para saúde mental do idoso
Authors: Rocha Ianine Alves da , Braga Lucineide Alves Vieira , Tavares Lucídia de Medeiros , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de , Ferreira Filha Maria de Oliveira , Dias Maria Djair , Silva Antônia Oliveira
Published: November 2009

A Terapia Comunitária vem surgindo como uma nova tecnologia de cuidado nos programas de inserção e apoio à saúde mental da população. Esta pesquisa exploratória tem como objetivo identificar o número de grupos de terapia comunitária com idosos no município de João Pessoa - PB, conhecer os principais temas apresentados pelos idosos e as estratégias utilizadas para o enfrentamento das dificuldades e revelar depoimentos relacionados à melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos. Os dados foram coletados nas fichas de registro das terapias, analisado numa abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que o problema mais freqüente nos idoso é o estresse, a estratégia de enfrentamento mais utilizada é a espiritualidade. A Terapia Comunitária vem contribuindo para saúde mental do idoso.
Saúde mental, trabalho e aposentadoria: focalizando a alienação mental
Authors: Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Carvalho Gysella Rose Prado de , Fernandes Rafaella Leite , Silva Marta Batista , Sabino Maria das Graças Garcia
Published: November 2009

Estudo descritivo-exploratório que objetivou analisar a aposentadoria por invalidez dos servidores da UFRN no período de 2000-2005 por transtornos mentais e comportamentais. A amostra foi obtida nos registros no DAS/PRH/UFRN. Das 43 aposentadorias, 58% eram homens; 41% aposentaram-se entre 41-50 anos e 35% entre 51-60 anos; os quais, 44% ocupavam cargo/função do nível médio e 28% do nível elementar. Os transtornos do humor causaram 61% das aposentadorias por alienação mental, seguido dos transtornos do pensamento (19%), os transtornos mentais orgânicos e os de personalidade (4%). Conclui-se que conviveram com intenso sofrimento psíquico gerando um ônus indireto em sua vida e de seus familiares frente às oportunidades perdidas de vida e aos anos ajustados de incapacitação afetando o trabalho.
Representações de mães sobre hospitalização do filho prematuro
Authors: Souza Nilba Lima de , Araújo Ana Cristina Pinheiro Fernandes , Costa Íris do Céu Clara , Carvalho Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de , Silva Maria de Lourdes Costa da
Published: November 2009

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou conhecer as representações de mães sobre a hospitalização do filho prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Inclui dezoito mães de prematuros internados na UTIN de um hospital escola em Natal (RN). Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e na análise dos dados evidenciou-se que a hospitalização do filho é representada pelas mães por significados, sentimentos, dificuldades e incertezas. Considera-se que a prematuridade representa um desafio materno desde o momento da constatação do parto pré-termo, prosseguindo com os percalços inerentes a hospitalização e requer conhecimento, escuta e diálogo dos profissionais de saúde de forma efetiva para fortalecimento da adequação materna a prematuridade.
A enfermagem enquanto disciplina, profissão e trabalho
Authors: Pires Denise
Published: November 2009

Ensaio com objetivo de articular aspectos teórico-conceituais de profissão, disciplina e trabalho contribuindo para a reflexão acerca do saber disciplinar e da prática profissional de enfermagem exercida no contexto do trabalho coletivo em saúde. Resgata conceitos da teoria sociológica e da epistemologia para analisar a enfermagem no cenário da ciência, da sociologia das profissões e da teorização sobre processo de trabalho em saúde. Argumenta que a enfermagem tem atributos de uma profissão e de uma disciplina científica, e que os limites da prática precisam ser contextualizados histórica e socialmente. Conclui que a enfermagem, enquanto pratica social e disciplina, enfrenta desafios científicos e políticos demandando um processo permanente de construção.
Instrumentos de inovação tecnológica e política no trabalho em saúde e em enfermagem: a experiência da CIPE®/CIPESC®
Authors: Cubas Márcia Regina
Published: November 2009

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a CIPE® e a CIPESC® entendidas como uma inovação tecnológica capaz de sustentar o conhecimento da enfermagem. A CIPESC® fortalece a presença de fenômenos oriundos da prática da enfermagem no SUS e para sobreviver com autonomia e compartilhar informações deve se articular com os sistemas de informação institucionais e com a CIPE®, desta forma, estabelecerá valores culturais suficientemente fortes para serem disponibilizados e interagirem, tanto com sistemas de linguagem da profissão, quanto com sistemas de uso no contexto SUS. Nosso desafio é superar o uso de um sistema classificatório como um simples instrumento de trabalho e visualizá-lo como inovação tecnológica capaz de produzir mudanças que oportunizem o trabalho da enfermagem.
Cipescando rumo à equidade: reflexões acerca da Classificação Internacional de Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva
Authors: Egry Emiko Yoshikawa
Published: November 2009

O presente artigo tem o propósito de refletir de que modo a equidade pode ser alcançada pelo uso da Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - CIPESC®. A CIPESC® é um sistema classificador brasileiro utilizado sobretudo em consultas de enfermagem na atenção básica. A eqüidade em saúde significa que todos os indivíduos de uma sociedade devem ter a justa oportunidade para desenvolver seu pleno potencial de saúde. Ao permitir conhecer os diagnósticos de enfermagem e as intervenções, possibilita conhecer as necessidades em saúde e as vulnerabilidade que se encontram distribuídas desigualmente nos grupos sociais. Ao intervir nos grupos vulneráveis revisita os processos de trabalho rumo à equidade, recortando um novo objeto e criando instrumentos mais eficazes de intervenção.
Tecnologias emissoras de radiação ionizante e a necessidade de educação permanente para uma práxis segura da enfermagem radiológica
Authors: Flôr Rita de Cássia , Gelbcke Francine Lima
Published: November 2009

Refletir acerca das tecnologias radiológicas e da necessidade da educação permanente que aborde temas relacionados com a aplicação das radiações ionizantes na práxis da enfermagem radiológica é mister, haja vista o avanço tecnológico que revolucionou as práticas em saúde e conseqüentemente a assistência de enfermagem, pois essas tecnologias incidem fortemente sobre o trabalho e a qualificação do trabalhador. Esta reflexão discorre sobre as áreas de atuação da enfermagem radiológica nos Serviços de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (SRDI), assim como a necessidade da educação permanente para a práxis segura nessa especialidade. Apresenta estudos de alguns autores acerca dessas necessidades, principalmente no que tange à proteção radiológica e à necessidade de qualificação desses trabalhadores.
A pele do recém-nascido prematuro sob a a avaliação do enfermeiro: cuidado norteando a manutenção da integridade cutânea
Authors: Martins Christiane Pereira , Tapia Carmen Elisa Villalobos
Published: November 2009

A prematuridade expressa relevância à saúde neonatal, demonstrando comprometimento ascendente com relação a morbimortalidade desta clientela, cuja maior incidência pode ser atribuída às práticas inadequadas com a pele do prematuro. Revisão da literatura sobre a interação benéfica entre a pele do Recém-Nascido Pré-Termo e o manuseio adequado, norteado pelo enfermeiro, que por meio da padronização dos cuidados de interferência direta e avaliação contínua da integridade cutânea e o assistir o prematuro. Divulga a importância do cuidado com a pele do Recém Nascido Prematuro, possibilitando não apenas a sobrevivência, mas a oportunidade de se integrar e desfrutar da vida com qualidade.
Panorama da produção do conhecimento em enfermagem na saúde do trabalhador: impacto e perspectivas
Authors: Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro , Ulbrich Elis , Bandeira Janaína Marielen , Gaio Daniela Maria
Published: November 2009

Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada no banco de dados de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) no período de 1997 a 2006, utilizando as palavras: saúde do trabalhador e enfermagem. Foram identificados 172 resumos. As palavras-chave mais utilizadas foram trabalho de enfermagem e trabalho (14,3%), riscos ocupacionais (10%) e acidentes de trabalho (10%). Das 172 produções, 52,9% de abordagem quantitativa de várias modalidades, principalmente estudos descritivos ou exploratórios, ou os dois em conjunto. Os locais e os sujeitos do estudo foram os trabalhadores de enfermagem, de saúde. As perspectivas para o futuro desta área de produção talvez seja a busca de evidências científicas e metodologias modernas de investigação.
Vivência da entrevista fenomenológica com prostitutas: relato de experiência
Authors: Moreira Isabel Cristina Cavalcante Carvalho , Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Souza
Published: November 2009

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever minha vivência na obtenção dos depoimentos utilizando a entrevista fenomenológica. Foram entrevistadas onze prostitutas em Teresina, PI. No caminhar dessa etapa vários momentos foram marcantes como: a estratégia de aproximação com as depoentes, o local das entrevistas e o próprio relato emocionante das prostitutas. Esse meu caminhar possibilitou-me identificar que é necessário familiarização e empatia com os sujeitos da pesquisa, que não existe formula para a condução da entrevista, mas cabe ao pesquisador identificar as dificuldades e propor estratégias para a obtenção dos relatos. Assim é que a relação empática vivenciada por mim na obtenção dos relatos das mulheres-depoentes no seu mundo-vida por meio da entrevista fenomenológica foi fundamental para compreensão do vivido da violência no cotidiano da prostituição.
Comportamento saudável entre adultos jovens no Brasil
Authors: Barreto Sandhi Maria , Passos Valéria Maria Azeredo , Giatti Luana
Published: November 2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de características associadas a comportamentos saudáveis em jovens. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 14.193 indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 29 anos, referentes ao sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL), realizado nas 27 capitais brasileiras em 2006. Foi considerado saudável quem não fuma, pratica atividade física regular e consome frutas/hortaliças cinco ou mais dias na semana. Foi analisada associação entre comportamento saudável com variáveis sociodemográficas e indicadores de saúde. A análise dos dados baseou-se na razão de prevalência obtida por regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de jovens saudáveis foi de 8,0%; 39,6% relataram dois comportamentos saudáveis, 45,3% relataram um, e 7,0% nenhum. Na análise multivariada, o comportamento saudável foi mais freqüente entre participantes com 25-29 anos, escolaridade maior que nove anos de estudo e que relataram haver local para praticar esportes próximo à residência. A freqüência de comportamento saudável foi significativamente menor entre participantes que relataram cor de pele parda ou preta, consumo de leite integral e de carne vermelha ou frango com gordura, estar em dieta e autopercepção da saúde como ruim. CONCLUSÕES: Indivíduos com menos comportamentos saudáveis percebem sua saúde como ruim, sugerindo que estes comportamentos influenciam negativamente a percepção da própria saúde. O fato de jovens mais saudáveis terem maior escolaridade, serem de cor branca e morarem próximo a local para praticar esportes sugere desigualdades no acesso a práticas saudáveis.
Auto-avaliação da saúde e fatores associados, Brasil, 2006
Authors: Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Zanchetta Luane Margarete , Moura Erly Catarina de , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: November 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de saúde auto-avaliada como ruim e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 54.213 pessoas com idade >18 anos, coletados pelo sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal, em 2006. Um residente em cada domicílio, com ao menos uma linha de telefonia fixa, foi sorteado em amostras probabilísticas, respondendo ao questionário. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram de natureza demográfica, comportamental e de morbidade referida. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas da saúde auto-avaliada como ruim utilizando regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Saúde auto-avaliada como ruim foi mais freqüente em mulheres, em indivíduos mais idosos, de menor escolaridade, sem atividade ocupacional, e residentes em capitais do Norte e do Nordeste; entre homens, a prevalência de auto-avaliação da saúde ruim foi mais elevada na região Sudeste comparativamente à Sul. Fumar > 20 cigarros/dia, não praticar atividade física no lazer regularmente e apresentar baixo peso ou obesidade associaram-se a auto-avaliação de saúde como sendo ruim em ambos os sexos; pré-obesidade e consumo freqüente de frutas e hortaliças foram significantes entre mulheres e, não assistir televisão, entre os homens. A prevalência de saúde como sendo ruim cresceu com o aumento do número de morbidades referidas. Apresentar quatro ou cinco morbidades resultou em RP=11,4 entre homens e RP=6,9 entre mulheres, em comparação àqueles que não apresentavam morbidades. CONCLUSÕES: Desigualdades regionais, de sexo e escolaridade foram observadas na prevalência da saúde auto-avaliada como ruim, e sua associação com comportamentos nocivos à saúde e comorbidades reforçam a necessidade de estratégias de promoção de hábitos saudáveis e de controle de doenças crônicas.
Doença crônica, auto-avaliação de saúde e comportamento de risco: diferença de gênero
Authors: Barreto Sandhi Maria , Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho de
Published: November 2009

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre relato de doenças crônicas com comportamentos de risco e auto-avaliação da saúde, segundo o gênero. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 39.821 participantes com idade >30 anos do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) realizado em 27 capitais brasileiras em 2006. A variável dependente foi construída pelo relato de diagnóstico médico de diabetes, hipertensão e infarto e/ou acidente vascular cerebral. Os indivíduos foram agrupados segundo ausência de doença, uma doença crônica, e mais de uma. A associação dessa variável com comportamento de risco (composto por: fumar, consumir carnes com gordura e leite integral, não realizar atividade física regular no lazer, não consumir frutas e hortaliças regularmente e adicionar sal à refeição pronta), auto-avaliação da saúde, indicadores de saúde e sociodemográficos foi investigada por regressão logística multinomial segundo o sexo, tendo como referência a ausência de doença. RESULTADOS: O relato de uma e mais de uma doença crônica foi maior entre homens e mulheres mais velhos e com menor escolaridade, com IMC>30kg/m², e que faziam dieta. Observou-se relação inversa entre número de comportamentos de risco e relato de duas ou mais doenças (OR=0,64; IC 95%: 0,54;0,76 entre homens) e (OR=0,86; IC 95%: 0,77;0,97 entre mulheres). Homens (OR=33,61; IC 95%: 15,70;71,93) e mulheres (OR=13,02; IC 95%: 6,86;24,73) que auto-avaliaram a saúde como ruim relataram mais doenças crônicas. Não houve interação estatística entre auto-avaliação da saúde e sexo. CONCLUSÕES: Associação inversa entre número de comportamentos de risco e relato de duas ou mais doenças crônicas sugere causalidade reversa e/ou maior sobrevivência dos que se cuidam melhor. Homens parecem perceber sua saúde pior que as mulheres na presença de doença crônica, após ajustamento por fatores de confusão.