bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NOTE ON THE BOURBAKI-COMPLETENESS AND THE COFINAL BOURBAKI-COMPLETENESS
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Ahmadu B. G. , Masha A. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer, Borno State University, Maiduguri, Nigeria, . Brono A. M ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we review two properties of completeness known as the Bourbaki-completeness and cofinal Bourbaki-completeness in the setting of metric spaces. These notions came from new classes of generalized Cauchy sequences appearing when characterizing the so-called Bourbaki-boundedness in a similar way that Cauchy sequences characterize the totally boundedness. For the clustering of Bourbaki–Cauchy sequences and cofinally Bourbaki–Cauchy sequences, we have respectively what is call Bourbaki-completeness and cofinal Bourbaki-completeness of metric spaces. The topological problem of metrizability by means of a Bourbaki-complete or a cofinally Bourbaki-complete metric has also been considered. Finally, we present detailed review of some relationships and mutual differences between these kinds of completeness.
mpact Evaluation of Covid-19 Technical and Financial Assistance Policies on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Msmes) In Surakarta City
Authors:   Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of 17 Agustus 1945, Semarang, 50133,Indonesia, Sancono Bambang Agus Windu , Kertati Indra
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had the greatest impact on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the neighborhood. Community members, particularly the impoverished, feel the economic impact. In Indonesia, the number of MSMEs reached 64.19 million, with Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) constituting the vast majority of the business sector (64.13 million, or 99.92%). The Covid-19 pandemic also negatively affects this group. Surprising facts include the fact that managers of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) are in debt and even die trying to sustain their businesses. Covid-19 has altered the economic foundation of the populace, and as a result, numerous regions in Indonesia are suffering economic challenges, particularly for small and microeconomic players. Approximately 1,642 hotels and 6,800 eateries have shuttered in Indonesia, a number that might rise if the Covid-19 outbreak persists for an extended period of time. This amount does not include the thousands of units in the entertainment business sector. Some micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were unable to do business as normal during the COVID-19 pandemic and were even forced to temporarily cease operations for a variety of reasons, including lower buying power, low market share, and other impediments. The distribution and manufacturing inadequate circumstances affect a large number of MSMEs. Almost 90% of MSMEs have vanished or even declared bankruptcy. This significant result illustrates the severity of the challenges encountered by people who are disadvantaged in the formal sector, especially the urgent need for support in finance and marketing, as the majority of MSMEs are able to create but are unable to sell their goods. This study aimed to determine the effects of technical and financial support on MSME players in Surakarta. This research approach employs a qualitative descriptive research method that combines descriptive and qualitative processes to produce a thorough examination of the research topic. Descriptive research methods describe phenomena that occur in the field, whereas qualitative research methods explain the depth of the observed events. In addition to the impacted MSMEs' community, the local government is also included in the research sample.
How Social Emotional Learning Can Be the Catalyst to Successful Global Engagement
Authors:   Kyoto University of Foreign Studies, Mori Lynsey
Published: January 2023

Intercultural understanding is vital to solving the pressing challenges of the 21st century (Brookfield, 2019; Egan, 2008; Mori & Williams, 2021). Tolerance and understanding of diverse groups of people are achievable only through true conceptual change (Bereiter, 2002). Having a confident sense of self and commitment to the pursuit of improvement can provide the stability required in these rapidly changing times (Beyn et al., 2006). Identity is formed through interaction and interpretation and increasingly this is done in an international, global setting. Understanding the society around us, experiencing life, and competently interacting with ourselves, our neighbours, and others, can lead humanity to better global engagement (Six Seconds, n.d.). Socialemotional learning (SEL) is an umbrella term for teaching practices and ways of life that can provide the visionary reform education requires to afford the citizens of the world more fluidity between countries and success in global engagement (Birkhoff et al., 2011; Durlak et al., 2015; Humphrey et al., 2010; Six Seconds, n.d.).
The Adaptation Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In The Service Sector To The Conditions Of Society 4.0
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance and Accounting, Dvořáková Lilia Dvořáková , Vacek Jiří ,   University of West Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Administration and Management
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of the research focused on the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adaptation in the service sector to the implementation of principles, processes, methods, and tools of Society 4.0. This study primarily aims to demonstrate practices and tools for the adaptation of service sector SMEs to disruptive changes brought about by the principles and technologies of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 into company processes and the society as a whole. The presented approach to research and the results should support an effective and efficient adaptation of SMEs to changes in business environment leading to sustainable growth, new competitive advantages, the prevention and elimination or reduction of threats and risks resulting from misunderstanding the necessary transformation of current and future business processes. The proposed methodology of adaptation and the potential of its application by SMEs represent an up-to-date methodical approach supporting their stability and economic growth during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results can be applied and adapted to specific needs and requirements of service sector SMEs not only in the Czech Republic, but also in other countries of Central Europe, namely Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary that have similar legislation for SMEs as well as similar history and trends of SMEs transformation. The presented results can also serve as the motivation and knowledge background for SMEs when identifying and evaluating opportunities and threats in the conditions of Society 4.0.
The Influence of Consumer Behavior, Perspectives and Types of Consumers in Purchasing Decision Making
Authors:   University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia, Nirwana Nirwana
Published: January 2023

Purchasing or consumption can be said to be the main goal of consumer behavior. While purchases will occur because of the need and desire for the product. But not infrequently the purchase is not caused by a need and desire. Someone before making a purchase begins with a need and a desire (want). Buying activity is part of an effort to fulfill the urge of needs and desires. Need is a state that is felt not to exist in a person. Something that is not in a person. The experience decisionmaking perspective is carried out by consumers who have experience in understanding brands and products. For consumers, knowledge about brands and products is considered sufficient. So there is no need for a lot of information related to the use of brands and products. The influence of experience from using brands and products has an impact on the purchasing decisionmaking process. The introduction of the problem around how the experience of brand and product problems before. Information search process based on solving problems from previous purchases. Brand and product choices are based on the impact of previous experience. Consumer behavior in the purchasing decision process does not always follow a linear path in the consumption process. Linear flow in decision making starts from problem recognition, seeking information, evaluating information, purchasing, and evaluating after purchase. Because consumers have different attitudes and views on brands and products. There are several types of consumers based on consumer involvement. Consumer engagement with brands and products. Consumer involvement in assessing brand existence. It is a consumer effort to compare brands, loyalty to certain brands, even rejection of certain brands. Consumer involvement in a brand is a consumer evaluation of a brand that has been known and is being promoted by the seller
Quality of Financial Statements, Investment Efficiency and Firm Value
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia, Kumar Abdul Malik , Chandrarin Grahita , Harmono Harmono
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of the quality of financial statements on firm value through investment efficiency. This type of research is explanatory with a purposive sampling technique obtained by 82 companies with 284 observations of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2020 research period. Data analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis using multiple regression. The results of the study show that the quality of financial statements has an effect on investment efficiency and firm value. investment efficiency, overinvestment, and underinvestment mediate the effect of report quality.
The Needs For Public Services Relating To The Legalization of Public Documents In Education
Authors: Tan Winsherly
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Legalization is legalizing a signature as proof that the document made by the parties was indeed signed by the parties.Purposes of the Research: Indonesia already has regulations in providing good public services, namely Law No. 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services. Indonesia has ratified the Apostille Convention. The aim of this study are to analyze public services in terms of legalizing public documents in Indonesia through Apostille and to analyze the need for legalization of public documents in education through Apostille.Methods of the Research: The research method used is the normative juridical. This study also uses a juridical basis and a theoretical basis. The juridical basis used is Law No. 25 of 2009, Presidential Regulation No. 2 of 2021, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 96 of 2012 and the theoretical basis used is the Legal Benefit Theory by Jeremy Bentham.Results of the Research: The implementation of public services for the legalization of public documents through Apostille has met excellent service standards. The need for public document services in the field of education is also very much needed, especially with the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. This shows the increasing need for public document legalization services in the education sector.
The International Law Perspective of Welfare against Indigenous People in the Omnibus Law on Job Creation
Authors: Sulbadana Sulbadana , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Tampubolon Hatta Roma
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Indigenous peoples attach customary rights to themselves, namely rights owned by a legal alliance (such as Lipu, Boya, Ngata, Banua, etc.), where the citizens of the community (the legal alliance) have the right to control the land, the implementation of which is regulated by the head of the guild (the chief/village head concerned).  Based on this right, the customary rights of indigenous peoples are basic   rights inherent in the life of these people that are not a gift from the state. It is the same with the basic rights inherent in every human being, for example the right to life, which is not a gift of the state.Purposes of the Research: Review and analyze international law relating to the welfare of Indigenous Peoples in the Omnibus Law on Job Creation.Methods of the Research: Its legal position in the Job Creation Law which has the character of omnibus law through juridical studies with a philosophical approach, conceptual approach, and a statutory approach.Results of the Research: The right of indigenous peoples which is essentially the right to the value of justice and welfare value to the use of natural resources of indigenous   peoples who not yet the maximum expected in the job creation law can provide justice and welfare for indigenous peoples over exploited customary territories.
The Rhetorical Attempts of Muhyiddin Darwish in the Book of “Diacritic of Holy Quran and its Explanation”
Authors: Rasa Naqeebullah
Published: January 2023

اهتمَّ محيي الدين الدرويش بالأساليب البلاغة في كتابه “إعراب القرآن الكريم وبيانه” وتناولها بذكر أقسامها مفصّلًا عند تفسيره للآيات القرآنية. وذكر أضربَ الخبر في آيات كثيرة، وبيّن أغراضه، وخروجه عن مقتضى الظاهر، وتناول أحوال المسند والمسند إليه، وبيّن الفائدة البلاغية منها، وكما تناول بعض الأساليب الإنشائية، وأشار إلى الفصل والوصل والقصر دون أن يبيّن أغراضها. ووقف عند بعض مواضع الإيجاز وذكر صورَ الإطناب وكما أشار إلى فن المساواة. وتطرّق لأقسام التشبيه، وتحدّث عن أقسام الاستعارة، وذكر المجاز المرسل وبعض علاقاته، ووقف عند المجاز العقلي، وتحدّث عن الكناية والتعريض مفرّقًا بينهما مع ذكر الأمثلة. وتعرّض لبعض أنواع، كالطباق والمقابلة، وفن المشاكلة، ومراعاة النظير، والاستطراد، والتورية، واللف والنشر، والمبالغة. وتناول بعض أنواع المحسنات اللفظية كالجناس والسجع، وتحدث عن براعة‌‌‌‌ الاستهلال وبراعة الختام، ورد العجز على الصدر والكلام الموجه.
.الكلمات المفتاحية: البلاغة، الأساليب البلاغية، المعاني، البيان، البديع
The meanings of letters in the hadith of the Prophe Summary
Authors: Alothman Yasir
Published: January 2023

إنَّ معرفة الحديث النّبويّ الشّريف تنقسم إلى معرفة ذات، وصفات؛ فالذّات هي معرفة وزن الكلمة وبنائها، وتأليف حروفها وضبطها، وأمّا الصّفات فهي معرفة حركات الكلام وإعرابه؛ لئلا يختلّ فاعل بمفعول، أو خبر بأمر، أو غير ذلك من المعاني الّتي يكون فهم الحديث النّبويّ مستندا عليها.وعِلْمُ أحاديث الرَّسول صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ومعرفتها أمرٌ عظيمٌ، وشأنٌ جليلٌ، وله قواعد وأحكام يحتاج طالبه إلى معرفتها، والوقوف عليها بعد تقديم اللُّغة، والإعراب اللّذين هما أصل لمعرفة الحديث النّبويّ الشّريف. ومن هذا المنطلق فإن للحديث النبوي نظرات دلالية من خلال استخدام الادوات والحروف من حيث تأكيد المعنى والوقوف على ظاهر الامر او باطنه وهذا يستدعي منا الى نظرات عميقة من البحث والتمحيص والتفتيش عن الدلالات التي كان يريدها ويقصدها النبي ﷺ ، لغرض التوكيد وذلك من خلال الحروف والادوات المستخدمة في احاديثه صلى الله عليه وسلم؛ فكان لنا الحظ من نون التوكيد إن وأن، ونونا التوكيد الخفيفة والثقيلة واللامات بانواعها في اللغة العربية، فكان كل مبحث من هذه المباحث يناقش واحدة من هذه الحروف من خلال النظرتين الاولى نظرة نحوية والثانية نظرة دلالية، فكان تحت كل مبحث عدد من المطالب واخيرا الى الخاتمة والنتائج معتمدين على الله اولا، ومن ثم على مصادر كتب النحو والصرف والبلاغة وكتاب (البخاري ومسلم) وبعض شروحهما. فكان المبحث الاول لـ(إن وأن) وتحته مطلبان نظرة نحوية والاخرى دلالية. والمبحث الثاني لـ( نون التوكيد الثقيلة والخفيفة) وتحته مطلبان نظرة نحوية والاخرى دلالية. والمبحث الثالث لـ (اللامات) وتحته مطلبان نظرة
نحوية والاخرى دلالية. ثم الخاتمة والنتائج
.الکلمات المفتاحیة: الحديث النبوي، توكيد، نظرة نحوية، نظرة دلالية، حروف
Evaluación del impacto de la superresolución sobre imágenes multiespectrales GEOSAT-2
Authors: Fernández César , De Castro Carolina , García Lucía , María Elena Calleja  , Rubén Niño  , Silvia Fraile  , Rafael Sousa
Published: January 2023

La creciente necesidad de observar la Tierra con mayor detalle supone la aparición de nuevas técnicas para la mejora del valor geométrico de las imágenes, conservando sus características radiométricas. El sector de seguridad y defensa es uno de los sectores estratégicos que requiere de estos avances, pero no los únicos, ya que, al ser capaces de conservar las características radiométricas del dato, la agricultura de precisión constituye un beneficiario clave de dichas mejoras. De esta manera se pueden proporcionar datos e información más detallada de las necesidades específicas de cada cultivo, lo que supone una mejora directa para el agricultor, las empresas agrícolas y el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se aplicaron los métodos Random Forest y XGBoost con el fin de mejorar la resolución de las imágenes GEOSAT-2 conservando sus valores radiométricos. Además, se evaluó la calidad de las imágenes mejoradas. Dicha valoración ha sido llevada a cabo por el equipo de control y evaluación de datos de Copernicus (CQC), permitiendo añadir un nuevo producto a la cartera de productos de GEOSAT, listo para ser integrado dentro de la oferta de datos del programa Copernicus.
SQAS, social responsibility assessment or instrumentalisation?
Authors: Torres-Rubira Juan-Luis
Published: January 2023

Safety and Quality Assessment for Sustainability (SQAS) is evaluation promoted by an as-sociation of chemical companies called CEFIC. Its vocation is to serve as a tool for the as-sessment of safety, quality, security, health, environmental and corporate social responsi-bility (CSR) of the logistic suppliers, but the activity of the companies that promote it can generate doubts about its instrumentalization. On the other hand, ISO 26000 offers an agreed guidance framework on social responsibility (SR). Through a comparative analysis, using the core subjects of ISO 26000 as a basis, the suitability of the SQAS evaluation in its “Transport Service” modality, as SR measurement tool, is tested. The analysis detects im-portant shortcomings in the SR core subjects assessed, especially those referring to human rights, moral obligations with society or stakeholder commitment and its participation, but on the other hand, the assessment stands out for its exhaustiveness in specific transporta-tion safety issues. This work contributes to contextualize the SQAS assessment as a CSR tool and identify the aspects that should be incorporated for a more effective assess of CSR. It also shows the lack of rigor of the self-regulation tools of organizations.
Kandungan logam berat pb pada air laut, sedimen dan tiram saccostrea glomerata di Pelabuhan Pasiran Sabang
Authors: Husna Asmaul
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat Pb pada air laut, sedimen dan tiram Saccostrea glomerata di perairan Pelabuhan Pasiran Sabang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pelabuhan Pasiran Kota Sabang pada bulan Januari 2015. Sampel di analisis menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorpsion Spectrophotometer) di laboratorium BARISTAND (Badan Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Aceh). Diperoleh kadar Pb pada air laut, sedimen, tiram Saccostrea glomerata di Stasiun 1 berturut – turut adalah 7,724 mg/l; 68,89 mg/kg; <0,0001 mg/kg. Di Stasiun 2 nilainya berturut – turut adalah 4,935 mg/l; 86,17 mg/kg; <0,0001 mg/kg dan di Stasiun 3 nilainya berturut – turut adalah <0,0012 mg/l; 113,83 mg/kg; <0,0001 mg/kg. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa cemaran logam Pb pada air laut di stasiun 1 dan 2 serta pada sedimen di stasiun 2 dan 3 telah melewati ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 tahun 2004 serta RNO tahun 1981. Namun cemaran Pb pada tiram Saccostrea glomerata ditemukan belum melewati ambang batas yang ditentukan.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASE LEARNIG DI ERA KURIKULUM MERDEKA
Authors: MUJIBURRAHMAN MUJIBURRAHMAN , SUHARDI MUHAMAD , HADIJAH SITI NUR
Published: January 2023

The teacher is a model that students want to emulate in speech, manners, behavior, and in all actions seen by students so that the teacher must really be the expected role model, but in the learning process the teacher needs various learning models so that learning objectives can be achieved . The learning model is a conceptual framework that is used as a guide in carrying out learning that is arranged systematically to achieve learning objectives related to syntax, social systems, reaction principles and support systems. Project-based learning is student-centered learning with a dynamic classroom approach where it is believed that students can gain deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems. In the independent curriculum it is suggested to apply project based learning to support character development in accordance with the Pancasila Student Profile. National webinar activities assist participants in understanding the implementation of project-based learning models in the independent curriculum era with the aim of participants being able to implement project-based learning in learning activities in their respective classes that are adapted to the conditions and characteristics of students. This activity was carried out in three terms, namely opening, delivering material, and discussion. As a result, participants get an adequate picture to understand and implement PjBL in the independent curriculum era.
ABSTRAK Guru merupakan model yang hendak ditiru oleh siswa dalam tutur kata, adab, tingkah laku, dan dalam segala tindakan yang dilihat oleh siswa sehingga guru harus betul-betul menjadi tauladan yang diharapkan, namun dalam proses pembelajaran guru membutuhkan berbagai model pembelajaran sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Model pembelajaran merupakan kerangka konseptual yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan pembelajaran yang disusun secara sistematis untuk mencapai tujuan belajar yang menyangkut sintaksis, sistem sosial, prinsip reaksi dan sistem pendukung. Pembelajaran berbasis proyek adalah pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa dengan pendekatan ruang kelas yang dinamis di mana diyakini bahwa siswa dapat memperoleh pengetahuan yang lebih dalam melalui eksplorasi aktif tantangan dan masalah dunia nyata. Dalam kurikulum merdeka disarankan untuk menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis proyek (project based learning) untuk mendukung pengembangan karakter sesuai dengan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Kegiatan webinar nasional membantu peserta dalam memahami implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis proyek di era kurikulum merdeka dengan tujuan peserta dapat mengimplementasikan project based learning dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas masing-masing yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan karakteristik peserta didik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan tiga termin yakni pembukaan, penyampaian materi, dan diskusi. Hasilnya peserta mendapatkan gambaran yang cukup untuk memahami dan mengimplementasikan PjBL di era kurikulum merdeka.
SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI PEMBAYARAN SEKOLAH TERINTEGRASI BARCODE READER DENGAN METODE BERORIENTASI OBJEK BERBASIS CLIENT SERVER
Authors: Priyadi Priyadi  , Budi Santoso
Published: January 2023

Recording financial transactions is an important activity that must be carried out by a business. In accounting, recording financial transactions is a fundamental thing that must be done. With these records, all business financial transactions can be accounted for and brought to the financial statements. Computerized technology using barcodes in payment transactions has the aim of increasing speed, accuracy, and service quality. In carrying out payment administration activities still using the manual system will have an impact on the Administrative officer having difficulty finding data on students who want to pay and the network (LAN) has not been implemented on the computer is also a problem at the research site, because to share data with the treasurer and principal becomes constrained, data can be damaged, lost or misused because its security is not guaranteed.

In solving these problems, the researchers collected data and facts that existed at the research site, then designed a payment administration information that was in accordance with the needs of the school. In making Administrative Information System Integrated With Barcode Reader, researchers used Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programming language, MySQL Server database as data storage media and Subtime Text as tools to create source code. In the preparation of this application using object-oriented methods.
Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Bahasa Isyarat Mengenal Huruf Dan Angka Bagi Siswa Penyandang Disabilitas Tunarungu Berbasis Andorid
Authors: Juni Amanullah  , Lukman Santoso
Published: January 2023

In the current era, learning adheres to the 2013 curriculum which includes HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) consisting of critical thinking competencies, creativity and innovation, communication skills, collaboration skills and selfconfidence. These five things need to be trained or improved for deaf children so that they can take part in learning well. So learning media products are made that can be used to recognize letters and numbers. This Learning Media is equipped with sign language to support the understanding of deaf children in addition, it is packaged with an attractive appearance so that deaf children are interested in learning it. Often in daily teaching and learning activities students still often experience problems in remembering the material being taught both in the

introduction of letters and also the introduction of numbers and what becomes an obstacle for students learning must be done repeatedly so that they can

remember it and can really understand what it means. being taught and also they are sometimes bored and lazy in learning. From the problems that occur above,

it is necessary to have a learning media that can help children with disabilities, especially the deaf, especially for the introduction of numbers and letters

so that they can easily understand and understand letters and numbers. not bored, bored and lazy in learning. Learning media in the form of an android

application so that it can be used on smartphones which are currently very widely used by both teachers and parents of students with disabilities.
Sistem Informasi Pembayaran Tagihan Layanan Internet Berbasis Website di PT Indonesia Comnets Plus
Authors: Faqih Fauzia Septiana  , Teguh Khristianto
Published: January 2023

Internet technology is currently developing rapidly, the need for internet in the community in the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing because studying and working can be done at home. By utilizing technology, processing customer bill payment data will be faster because of the ease of use. To support the implementation of this inseparable development of Information and Technology, a website-based internet bill payment system was created with the aim of making it easier for customers to make payments and check payment history and provide convenience for the field of collection in checking accounts receivable data so that they can be followed up in accordance with standard operating procedures. applicable. So that customers feel comfortable because they don't need to be constantly reminded regarding missed payments. The design of the internet service bill payment system is described by Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). The design of the system prototype uses the PHP programming language and the PostgreSQL database. From this study, it was found that the website-based internet bill payment system was running well. In appearance, the website is responsive to many browsers. Meanwhile, in terms of functionality, the system can perform the functions of each feature.
Characterization of dust-related new particle formation events based on long-term measurement in North China Plain
Authors: Shen Xiaojing , Sun Junying , Zhang Yangmei , Zhou Chunhong , Gui Ke , Xu Wanyun , Liu Quan , Zhong Junting , Xia Can , Hu Xinyao , Zhang Sinan , Wang Jialing , Liu Shuo , Lu Jiayuan , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mineral dust is a major natural atmospheric aerosol that impacts the Earth's radiation balance. The significant scavenging process of fine particles by the strong wind during the dust provided a relatively pristine environment in which the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions. In this study, the NPF events occurring after the dust event (dust-related NPF) and other normal days (other NPF events) were classified based on the long-term particle number size distribution (PNSD) in urban Beijing in spring from 2017 to 2021. By comparing the two types of NPF events, we estimated that anthropogenic emissions could contribute approximately 50 % to the observed formation rate and 30 % to the growth rate. Anthropogenic emissions played a more important role when nucleated particles grew into the sizes above 10 nm. We also assessed a severe dust storm that originated from Mongolia and swept over northern China on March 15–16, 2021. The maximum hourly mean PM10 mass concentration reached 8000 μg m-3 during the dust storm. A downward trend of particle hygroscopicity was found during dust storms as compared with the polluted episode, resulting in an increasing trend of the critical diameter at different supersaturations (ss) where aerosols are activated as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), although NPF occurred at approximately noon time when dust faded. The critical diameter was elevated by approximately 6 %–10 % (ss = 0.2 % and 0.7 %) during the dust storm, resulting in a lower CCN activation ratio, especially at low supersaturation. Modifications of the nucleation and growth process, as well as the particle-size distribution and hygroscopicity by the dust, provide valuable information that reveals the underlying climate and air quality effects of Asian mineral dust.
Estimates of the spatially complete, observational-data-driven planetary boundary layer height over the contiguous United States
Authors: Ayazpour Zolal , Tao Shiqi , Li Dan , Scarino Amy Jo , Kuehn Ralph E. , Sun Kang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This study aims to generate a spatially complete planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) product over the contiguous United States (CONUS). An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) regression model was developed using selected meteorological and geographical data fields as explanatory variables to fit the PBLH values derived from Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay (AMDAR) reports hourly profiles at 13:00–14:00 LST (local solar time) during 2005–2019. A preprocessing step was implemented to exclude AMDAR data points that were unexplainable by the predictors, mostly under stable conditions. The PBLH prediction by this work as well as PBLHs from three reanalysis datasets (the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate – ERA5; the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and
Applications, Version 2 – MERRA-2; and the North American Regional Reanalysis – NARR) were compared to reference PBLH observations from spaceborne lidar (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations, CALIPSO), airborne lidar (High Spectral Resolution Lidar, HSRL), and in situ research aircraft profiles from the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaigns. Compared with PBLHs from reanalysis products, the PBLH prediction from this work shows closer agreement with the reference observations, with the caveat that different PBLH products and estimates have different ways of identifying the PBLH; thus, their comparisons should be interpreted with caution. The reanalysis products show significant high biases in the western CONUS relative to the reference observations. One direct application of the dataset generated by this work is that it enables sampling of the PBLH at the sounding locations and times of sensors aboard satellites with an overpass time in the early afternoon, e.g., the Afternoon Train (A-train), the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP), the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), and the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) satellite sensors. As both AMDAR and ERA5 are continuous at hourly resolution, the observational-data-driven PBLHs may be extended to other daytime hours.
Improved representation of volcanic sulfur dioxide depletion in Lagrangian transport simulations: a case study with MPTRAC v2.4
Authors: Liu Mingzhao , Hoffmann Lars , Griessbach Sabine , Cai Zhongyin , Heng Yi , Wu Xue
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The lifetime of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the Earth's atmosphere varies from orders of hours to weeks, mainly depending on whether cloud water is present or not. The volcanic eruption on Ambae Island, Vanuatu, in July 2018 injected a large amount of SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) region with abundant cloud cover. In-cloud removal is therefore expected to play an important role during long-range transport and dispersion of SO2. In order to better represent the rapid decay processes of SO2 observed by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) in Lagrangian transport simulations, we simulate the SO2 decay in a more realistic manner compared to our earlier work, considering gas phase hydroxyl (OH) chemistry, aqueous phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) chemistry, wet deposition, and convection. The either newly developed or improved chemical and physical modules are implemented in the Lagrangian transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) and tested in a case study for the July 2018 Ambae eruption. To access the dependencies of SO2 lifetime on the complex atmospheric conditions, sensitivity tests are conducted by tuning the control parameters, changing the release height, predefined OH climatology data, the cloud pH value, the cloud cover and other. Wet deposition and aqueous phase H2O2 oxidation remarkably increased the decay rate of the SO2 total mass, which leads to a rapid and more realistic depletion of the Ambae plume. The improved representation of chemical and physical of SO2 loss processes described here is expected to lead to more realistic Lagrangian transport simulations of volcanic eruption events with MPTRAC in future work.
Satellite-based, top-down approach for the adjustment of aerosol precursor emissions over East Asia: The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) data fusion product and its proxies
Authors: Park Jincheol , Jung Jia , Choi Yunsoo , Lim Hyunkwang , Kim Minseok , Lee Kyunghwa , Lee Yungon , Kim Jhoon
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In response to the need for securing a spatiotemporally more up-to-date emissions inventory and the impending release of new geostationary platform-derived observational data generated by the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and its sister instruments, this study, using a series of GEMS data fusion product and its proxy data and CTM-based inverse modeling techniques, aims to establish a top-down approach for adjusting aerosol precursor emissions over East Asia. We begin by sequentially adjusting bottom-up estimates of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and primary particulate matter (PM) emissions, both of which significantly contribute to aerosol loadings over East Asia, to reduce model biases in aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulations during the year 2019. While the model initially underestimates AOD by 50.73 % on average, the sequential emissions adjustments that led to overall increases in the amounts of NOx emissions by 122.79 % and of primary PM emissions by 76.68 % and 114.63 % (single- and multiple-instrument-derived emissions adjustments, respectively), reduce the extent of AOD underestimation to 33.84 % and 19.60 %, respectively. We consider the outperformance of the model using the emissions constrained by the data fusion product the result of the improvement in the quantity of available data. Taking advantage of the data fusion product, we perform sequential emissions adjustments during the spring of 2022, the period during which the substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions took place accompanied by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns over highly industrialized and urbanized regions in China. While the model initially overestimates surface PM2.5 concentrations by 47.58 % and 20.60 % in the North China Plain (NCP) region and Korea, the sequential emissions adjustments that led to overall decreases in NOx and primary PM emissions by 7.84 % and 9.03 %, respectively, substantially reduce the extent of PM2.5 underestimation to 19.58 % and 6.81 %, respectively. These findings indicate that the series of emissions adjustments performed in this study are generally effective at reducing model biases in simulations of aerosol loading over East Asia; in particular, the model performance tends to improve to a greater extent on the condition that spatiotemporally more continuous and frequent observational references are used to capture variations in bottom-up estimates of emissions. In addition to reconfirming the close association between aerosol precursor emissions and AOD as well as surface PM2.5 concentrations, the findings of this study could provide a useful basis for how to most effectively exploit multi-source top-down information for capturing highly varying anthropogenic emissions.
A global database of historic glacier lake outburst floods
Authors: Lützow Natalie , Veh Georg , Korup Oliver
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ongoing atmospheric warming has accelerated glacier mass loss in many mountain regions worldwide. Glacier lakes trap parts of the glacial meltwater and increased by about 50 % in number and area since the 1990s. Some of these glacier lakes may empty catastrophically and pose hazards to mountain communities, infrastructure, and habitats. Such glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have caused millions of dollars of damages and fatalities, and are one of many concerns about future changes in the magnitude, frequency, and impacts of a shrinking mountain cryosphere. Consistently compiled inventories are thus vital to assess regional and local trends in GLOF occurrence, hazard, and risk. To this end, we studied 769 literature and internet sources, and developed a standardised database with 57 parameters that describe and quantify the location, dam type, size, timing, and impacts of GLOFs in nine glaciated mountain regions. Our GLOF inventory also includes details about the lake area before and after the outburst for 391 cases that we manually mapped from optical satellite images since 1984. In total, we compiled 3,151 reported GLOFs that occurred in 27 countries between 850 and 2022 C.E. Most GLOFs have been reported in NW North America (26 %) and Iceland (19 %). However, the reporting density in our inventory varies. During the 20th century alone, the number of yearly documented GLOFs increased 6-fold. Less than one-quarter of all reported cases feature hydrodynamic characteristics such as flood peak discharge or volume, or estimates of loss and damage. Our inventory more than doubles the number of reported GLOFs in a previous global inventory, though gaps in attributes remain. Our data collection process emphasizes the support of local experts in contributing previously undocumented cases, and we recommend applying systematic protocols when reporting new cases. The global database on historic GLOFs is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330345 and regularly updated at http://glofs.geoecology.uni-potsdam.de/.
Calculation of soil water content using dielectric-permittivity-based sensors – benefits of soil-specific calibration
Authors: Zawilski Bartosz M. , Granouillac Franck , Claverie Nicole , Lemaire Baptiste , Brut Aurore , Tallec Tiphaine
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) sensors are widely used for
scientific studies or for the management of agricultural practices. The most
common sensing techniques provide an estimate of volumetric soil water
content based on sensing of dielectric permittivity. These techniques
include frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), time domain reflectometry
(TDR), capacitance and even remote-sensing techniques such as
ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and microwave-based techniques. Here, we will
focus on frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors and more specifically
on the questioning of their factory calibration, which does not take into
account soil-specific features and therefore possibly leads to inconsistent
SWC estimates. We conducted the present study in the southwest of France
on two plots that are part of the ICOS ERIC network (Integrated Carbon
Observation System, European Research and Infrastructure Consortium), FR-Lam
and FR-Aur. We propose a simple protocol for soil-specific calibration,
particularly suitable for clayey soil, to improve the accuracy of SWC
determination when using commercial FDR sensors. We compared the sensing
accuracy after soil-specific calibration versus factory calibration. Our
results stress the necessity of performing a thorough soil-specific
calibration for very clayey soils. Hence, locally, we found that factory
calibration results in a strong overestimation of the actual soil water
content. Indeed, we report relative errors as large as +115 % with a
factory-calibrated sensor based on the real part of dielectric permittivity
and up to + 245 % with a factory-calibrated sensor based on the modulus
of dielectric permittivity.
Effect of Asset Structure, Company Size, Liquidity, Profitability, and Sales Growth on Capital Structure
Authors: Heliani  , K Fadhillah Nur Hidayah
Published: January 2023

Errors in determining the capital structure can affect the sustainable development of a company which can increase the company's financial risk, namely if the company is unable to pay its interest expense and debt budget. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of Asset Structure, Firm Size, Liquidity, Profitability, and Sales Growth on Capital Structure in the Pharmaceutical Industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. This type of research is quantitative with data obtained from financial statements. The population of this study is all pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX. The sample was selected by purposive sampling and then 9 companies were selected as samples which were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the size of the company and profitability partially affect the capital structure. Meanwhile, the variables of Asset Structure, Liquidity, and Sales Growth partially do not affect Capital Structure. Simultaneously Asset Structure, Company Size, Liquidity, Profitability, and Sales Growth affect the Capital Structure.
Dampak Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan untuk Pengentasan Kemiskinan dan Penyediaan Layanan Umum: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Mulus Wijaya
Published: January 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) phenomena in developing countries are different from that of developed countries in terms of governments’ intermediary roles in the delivery mechanisms of CSR activities, especially for overcoming poverty and poor public services. By extracting Polanyi’s general principles of behavior regarding resource allocation, the distinctive CSR phenomenon in developing countries could be explained by the concept of quasi-redistribution. Considering the common character of quasi-redistribution due to its weak government system, the intermediary roles of the governments in Indonesia are noticeable due to the issuance of regulations at national and local governmental levels directing companies’ CSR activities to address poverty and poor basic public service issues. In the case of Sukabumi Regency, where the poverty and poor basic public services are the main issues, the actual role of local government in promoting company contributions to address these issues through CSR activities to alleviate poverty and provide public services is indeed increasing and developing. This paper illuminates how the intermediary roles of governments exist in CSR activities so that they alleviate poverty and provide basic public services.
El turismo idiomático en tiempos de la Covid-19: Los estudiantes Erasmus de la Universidad de Córdoba (España) durante el curso 2020/2021
Authors: Moreno Muñoz Daniel , Luque Revuelto Ricardo Manuel
Published: January 2023

El turismo idiomático tiene cada año una mayor popularidad, especialmente entre los jóvenes, gracias a los diversos programas de formación existentes en los distintos niveles de la educación. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar el comportamiento en materia turística de los estudiantes beneficiarios de una beca Erasmus en la Universidad de Córdoba durante el curso 2020-2021 marcado por la pandemia de la Covid-19. En el estudio han participado 168 sujetos que han respondido al cuestionario elaborado con el fin de recopilar información acerca del fenómeno. La conclusión más relevante es que su radio de acción turística ha sido más limitado por las restricciones de movilidad y han recibido menos visitas de las que podrían esperar en un curso académico desarrollado con normalidad.
Aceptación social de las energías renovables en Europa: Estudio comparativo entre la provincia de Jaén (España) y condado de Somogy (Hungría)
Authors: Rodríguez-Segura Francisco Javier , Frolova Marina , Osorio-Aravena Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

Si bien la aceptación general a las energías renovables en Europa es alta, esta percepción es amenudo muy diferente en el contexto local donde se ubican los proyectos energéticos renovables, lo quepuede suponer un obstáculo para la transición energética. Este artículo, a través de una encuestaestructurada para dos casos de estudio europeos, provincia de Jaén (España) y condado de Somogy(Hungría), pretende mostrar los factores que influyen en la percepción y aceptación de la sociedad a lasenergías renovables. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente correlacionando variables“aceptabilidad” “localización” y “tecnologías” a través de tablas de contingencia y pruebas noparamétricas como χ² de Pearson y V de Cramer. Las pruebas aplicadas muestran una alta aceptabilidad atodas las tecnologías y localizaciones propuestas, con preferencia por instalaciones solares fotovoltaicasy tamaños medios, en espacios no cultivados o ambientalmente degradados.
Representatives of the genus Belemnitella of Bulgaria (Upper Cretaceous)
Authors: Stoyanova-Vergilova Maria , Jolkichev Nikola
Published: January 2023

Some 11 taxa are described from the species-group of Upper Cretaceous belemnites, belonging to the genus Belemnitella. Palaeontological description is preceded by short stratigraphis notes and data on the rostrum morphology. Following international zonation standards, the species described are characteristic of different levels of the Campanian - ranging from the upper part of the Lower Campanian to the Lower Maastrichtian. In Bulgaria they occur at one and the same stratigraphic level, assumed to be Upper Campanian. This is usually proved by the presence of Belemnitella mucronata minor and B. langei langei, as well as Bostrychoceras polyplocum, zonal ammonite species for the Upper Campanian B. conica conica and B. bulgarica also found in the Lower Maastrichtian. The belemnites appear in larger numbers in phosphatised horizons, related 10 the formation of hard grounds in chalk and chalk-like limestone. The rostrum morphology is considered in terms of the significance of the individual characteristics for taxonomy. Statistical analyses have been made-one-variant and two-variant ones of several scores of specimen. Two new species and an unnamed one are described.