bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation study on transport characteristics of leakage gas from the condenser of power plant
Authors: Bi Wenyan , Zhou Qiang , Wan Jianfeng , Xu Xiangxuan , Hu Jian , Yu Menglin , Sun Yihong , Hou Yikai , Guan Xuemao
Published: April 2024

Exploring the transport characteristics of leakage gas in the condenser can facilitate quicker identification of leak points when using Helium tracer gas method for detection. We construct a 3-D physical model of the condenser to simulate the Helium gas leakage process within the tube bundle. On the steam side, we adopt RNG k-?, porous media, steam condensation, and convective diffusion models to describe steam and leakage gas-flow. On the waterside, we use the tube bundle thermal resistance model to describe the steam-water heat transfer. The research concludes with three key points. When the centripetal pressure gradient is insufficient, there will be leakage gas enrichment, resulting in flowing out in the form of diffusion. When there is no centripetal pressure gradient in the tube bundle region, it will extract only a small amount of upstream leakage gas along with steam through the flow. When reaching a stable level for leakage gas, the leakage intensity is proportional to the outlets? flow rate but is independent of the transport form. The deviation of the mass-flow rate decreases with the mesh quantity increasing, which is less than 2% when the mesh quantity is over 638228. The deviation between simulated and actual values of the two parameters is less than 5%, which reveals the good agreement between numerical calculation and actual work conditions. These conclusions can assist employees and researchers in evaluating data on leak points and enhancing detection techniques.
Analysis of flow and heat transfer performance of different types of flow channels in printed circuit heat exchangers for pre-coolers
Authors: Gu Xin , Liu Xin , Sun Hao , Zhu Yiwen , Wang Yongqing
Published: April 2024

The shape of fins in flow channels of printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE) significantly affects the heat exchanger performance. In the pre-cooler condition of the marine supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle power generation system, this study focuses on three typical discontinuous flow channel printed circuit heat exchangers. The investigation involves a numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer performance using CFD method. The comparative consequences illuminate that the rectangular fin channel exhibits the optimal heat transfer performance, and temperature drops are 1.18 times and 1.23 times, exceeding those of airfoil and rhombic fin channels, respectively. All three flow channels show different degrees of temperature drop reduction along the direction of fluid-flow. However, the rectangular fin channel demonstrates the worst flow performance, as pressure drops are 16.6 times and 17.8 times, higher than those of airfoil and rhombic fin channels, respectively. By calculating the values of Nu/f and Q/?p, the comprehensive performance of each flow channel is ranked from high to low airfoil fin channel, rhombic fin channel, and rectangular fin channel. This research provides guidance for optimizing the design and applying PCHE in engineering for marine supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle pre-coolers.
Comparison of using air, CO2 and helium for the cooling of square-shaped electronic parts: CFD study with entropy generation analysis
Authors: Karali Mohamed , Almohammadi Bandar , Alsharif Abdullah , Kadam Kaveri , Khaliq Abdul , Refaey Hassanein , Hussein Eslam
Published: April 2024

Numerical simulation has been used in the current work to investigate improving the cool-down of electronic parts of cubical form involving dummy parts within a rectangular duct. Three working fluids (air, CO2, and helium) were used to cool 12 electrical chip arrays in the duct. The simulation investigates the effects of cooling fluid type and shifting hot element placements on whole cooling functioning at various Reynolds numbers. Also, the impact of the distance among electronic parts is researched. This is accomplished by moving the heat sources while leaving other components in their original positions as dummies to preserve the flow characteristics. The Reynolds number falls between (500-19000). The dimensionless entropy generation number reduces with the rise of the Reynolds number, while the pumping power ratio increases. It is determined that the dimensionless entropy generation computed for the case of constant viscosity of air yields slightly greater values than those obtained for the case of temperature-dependent viscosity. A high level of agreement in the experimental work is used to verify the standard k-model.
Experimental study of photothermal conversion of heat absorbers filled with metal foams of different pore densities
Authors: Hu Junhu , Hu Kaiqiang , Xin Lei , Liu Hao , Yang Xiaohong , Wu Shunli
Published: April 2024

High output temperature and photothermal conversion effectiveness were achieved with the absorber platform structure. A novel solar receiver was manufactured to integrate pre-heating and thermal conversion, aiming to enhance heat utilization and output temperature. This work is based on the engineering design and experimental testing of a solar cavity-receiver containing a porous copper foam that can volumetrically absorb high-flux radiation and heat up, through convection with air-flow. The air outlet temperature, outer wall temperature, thermal performance, and efficiency were experimentally determined by pore density, air mass-flow rate and solar irradiance. Additionally, the temperature growth of unit incident power, the unit volume efficiency growth rate, and output temperature were employed to evaluate the thermal conversion characteristics of the endothermic body (copper foam). The results indicated that the air outlet temperatures can reach 500?C with lower input power. Furthermore, it was found that under a pore density of 30 pores per inch and a flow rate of 60 Lpm, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the absorber with copper foam reached as high as 87.61%, which is 35.04% significantly higher than that of an absorber without copper foam. The manageable solar receiver design proved to deliver a high-temperature air-flow (approximately 500?C) with a reasonably high thermal efficiency (over 85%).
Numerical investigation on heating process of Ti/Steel composite plate in a walking-beam reheating furnace
Authors: Wang Zhanrui , An Boyan , Yu Hui
Published: April 2024

A 2-D numerical model was established to calculate the temperature distribution of Ti/steel composite plates in a walking-beam reheating furnace by using the central difference method. The heat transfer characteristics of Ti/steel composite plates in a walking-beam reheating furnace were studied. The influence of heating time, heating temperature, and different interface contact conditions in different heating zones on the temperature distribution of Ti/steel composite plates was studied. The results indicate that the maximum error between the calculated temperature and the measured temperature is 5.4%, proving the correctness of the numerical model. When heating continues, the plate cross-section temperature difference first increases and then decreases, with the maximum value of the temperature difference appearing in the preheating zone. There is a temperature inflection point at the interface between titanium plate and steel plate. The larger the proportion of vacuum zone in interface contact, the lower the plate center temperature.
An overview of green hydrogen production system through low temperature water electrolysis using solar energy
Authors: Arbye S. , Wijaya Fransisco , Budiman Arief
Published: April 2024

Climate change and the increasing demand for energy become major issues in public discussions today. The Paris Agreement is one of the results of such public discussions that focuses on achieving the 2050 net zero emission target. Many energy agencies have created scenarios to achieve this target. In this regard, green hydrogen is expected to have a significant role in energy transition plan. For this reason, in recent years, research related to green hydrogen production using the water electrolysis method continues to develop. The paper aimed primarily to con-duct an overview of alternative technologies that can be used in producing green hydrogen with the solar energy based low temperature water electrolysis method. Secondarily, it would present information about several solar energy-based electrolysis project plans and a summary of challenges and opportunities in the development of solar energy based low temperature water electrolyzers in the future. Furthermore, to achieve commercially viable green hydrogen production, it is important to find new ideas, potential solutions, and constructive recommendations as soon as possible for further development research. This paper expectedly would be able to help initiate the development of green hydrogen production research through water electrolysis technology that is efficient, cost effective economically, and environmentally friendly.
Numerical simulation of gas-solid heat transfer and moisture evaporation process in preheating shaft kiln for ferromagnesium pellets
Authors: Duan Shaopei , Ding Ning , Wang Shuo , Li Baokuan
Published: April 2024

The arc furnace is an important equipment in the production of manganese ferroalloys. In the smelting process, it produces high temperature flue gas above 700 K, which has high utilization value. During the pelleting process, moisture exists on the surface and inside of the pellets, which, if directly fed into the arc furnace, will lower the temperature of the furnace, affecting the production, and will also cause the pellets to burst, resulting in pressure fluctuations in the furnace and other hazards. The preheating shaft kiln reduces the moisture content of the pellet while preheating the pellet by utilizing high temperature flue gas. In this paper, through the establishment of porous media and shrinking core coupling mathematical model, to achieve the prediction of the heating and drying process of the pellets of various particle sizes, which is in good agreement with the production monitoring data. The results show that 9~11 mm pellets have the best preheating effect in terms of tail gas temperature, pellet temperature and preheating time.
Investigations of thermohydraulic performance in heat exchanger tube with rectangular vortex generators
Authors: Zhu Shiquan , Li Longjiang , Hu Zongyao , Qi Tian , Cao Shuang , Zhang Zhenya , Peng Yisen
Published: April 2024

To demonstrate the rationalization of multi-longitudinal swirls in heat exchanger tubes, this paper investigates the thermohydraulic performance of heat exchanger tube with rectangular vortex generator using numerical simulation. Comparative analyses of rectangular vortex generators and their different slotted structures are conducted, along with the investigation of the effect of the longitudinal pitch (P = 0.1 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m) of the rectangular vortex generators on the thermohydraulic performance. The research reveals that the multi-longitudinal swirls induced by the vortex generator inside the tube accelerate the exchange of cold and hot fluids, improve the field synergies of velocity vectors and temperature gradients, and enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger tube. The slotted structure reduces the flow resistance and lowers the degree of disturbance to the fluid, which reduces the strength of the multi-longitudinal swirls, thus weakening the overall performance of the heat exchanger. The strength of the multi-longitudinal swirls has a direct influence on the overall performance of the heat exchanger tube. With the increase of P, the performance evaluation criteria (PEC) of the heat exchanger tubes decreases, and the maximum PEC = 1.44 is obtained for P = 100 mm at the studied Reynolds number range.
Performance analysis of an air compression refrigeration system for data center cooling
Authors: Rong Weilai , Ma Guoyuan , Han Cong , Xu Shuxue , Sun Shangyu , Yu Guoxin
Published: April 2024

An air compression refrigeration performance calculation model applied to data center cooling was established, which is a reverse Brayton cycle system, the operation performance was studied by numerical simulation and the influence of supply air temperature, ambient temperature, pressure ratio, data center room temperature was analysed. The results showed that when the pressure ratio of the air compressor is 1.3, the system obtains the maximum cooling COP. Heat exchanger efficiency have a significant effect on the cooling capacity and cooling COP, the efficiency of the heat exchanger increases from 0.6 to 0.8, and the increase in cooling capacity is 4.84 kJ/kg, cooling COP increased by 23.2%, Compared to conventional vapour compression/loop heat pipe natural cooling systems, in cold regions, the annual energy efficiency of air compression refrigeration can reach to 13.85.
Modelling Turbulent Flows near Coastal Structures Using Various Turbulence Models
Authors: Protsenko S. V.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The reduction in beach width due to erosion is a significant issue that can either be mitigated or exacerbated by coastal protection structures. Modelling breaking waves near the coast and around coastal structures can be used to determine their impact on the dynamics of the coastal zone. The objective of this study is to model and analyze the dynamics of turbulent structures around a single breakwater, obtained using two turbulence modelling schemes: RANS and LES.Materials and Methods. Turbulence induced by breaking waves was investigated. The modelling was based on bathymetric measurements conducted along the Azov Sea coast and a three-dimensional wave hydrodynamics model supplemented with various turbulence calculation configurations.Results. Modelling results of wave processes generating turbulent flows in the presence of coastal protection structures using different turbulence models were obtained. Results obtained based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are compared with the results of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach with Smagorinsky dynamic subgrid-scale model (DSM).Discussion and Conclusions. The results showed that wave heights simulated by LES were higher than those simulated by RANS in the front and leeward regions of the coastal protection structure and were lower in its upper part. Thus, according to LES, a greater amount of wave energy was preserved after passing over the breakwater. Velocity vectors of the water medium showed the formation of a vortex when LES was used, whereas no evidence of such turbulent vortices was detected in the case of RANS, confirming the better performance of LES for turbulence modelling in the coastal zone. According to the presented results, LES is the preferred tool for generating turbulence under incoming wave conditions in engineering practices.
Investigating Indonesian EFL preservice teachers’ digital technological awareness and their challenges in EFL learning: A case study
Authors: Purwati Diana , Fathirma'ruf Fathirma'ruf , Lakehu Amalia , Taufik Taufik
Published: April 2024

The role of technology in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) remains significant. While numerous studies explored the effectiveness of technology in learning EFL, there is a paucity of research that examines EFL preservice teachers' digital technological awareness and their challenges in using technology in EFL learning. This study aims to investigate EFL preservice teachers' digital technological awareness and their challenges. This case study involved six EFL preservice teachers from the English Education Program at one of the higher colleges in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The data were garnered through in-depth interviews and observations. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The result shows that teachers’ teaching style frequently incorporating technology in learning has been the main influence in enhancing the students' technological awareness. In terms of challenges, EFL preservice teachers faced four main difficulties: financial barriers, technical issues, meeting the lecturer's expectations, and technological anxiety. This study suggests that there is a need for teacher training programs to include components that focus on enhancing digital technological awareness among EFL preservice teachers. This can be maintained through workshops, courses, or specific modules designed to address the challenges EFL preservice teachers face.
Exploring the students’ perceptions of the integration of web-based and non-web-based ICT in ELT at the vocational high school in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Vina Kurnia , Degeng Putu Dian Danayanti , Razali Khairil Azwar
Published: April 2024

Numerous scholarly investigations have been conducted on students' perceptions of integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in English language teaching (ELT). However, existing research lacks specific exploration of students' perceptions regarding web-based and non-web-based ICT in vocational high schools across perspectives of understanding, ease of learning, and learning challenges. Therefore, this study aims to investigate students' perceptions of ICT integration in ELT, specifically examining web-based and non-web-based ICT across perspectives of understanding, ease of learning, and learning challenges. The research method used was a case study. The research involved six students of the two departments (Engineering and Management) at a vocational high school in Malang, Indonesia, as the participants. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed thematically. Results indicate that, based on perspectives of understanding and ease of learning, students exhibit positive attitudes towards integrating ICT, particularly web-based tools like Canva, Quizizz, and Wordwall, alongside non-web-based tools such as LCD and tablet, citing enhanced learning processes. Conversely, in the perspective of learning challenges, challenges like poor internet connectivity for web-based ICT and operational issues for non-web-based tools persist. This study emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach to ICT integration to meet diverse learning needs.
The The Relationship between Leadership Management and Employee Performance and Motivation at the Semen Padang Hospital Outpatient Pharmacy Installation
Authors: Muthia Gabila Heira , Semiarty Rima , Nurdin Aguswan
Published: April 2024

Leadership is a sociological phenomenon to mobilize employees in achieving effective and efficient performance. In realizing maximum employee performance, high work motivation is needed. Employees who have high work motivation will provide good performance. The role of the leader is very large in creating a work atmosphere with high work motivation. Leadership management practices also occur in the Semen Padang Hospital outpatient pharmacy installation. With the challenge of a high workload, a leader must be able to influence the work motivation of his subordinates in order to provide maximum performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between leadership and employee performance, the relationship between leadership and employee work motivation and the relationship between work motivation and employee performance in the Semen Padang Hospital outpatient pharmacy installation. This research design is crossectional using causal studies. The research was conducted through quantitative methods and used Partial Least Square statistical analysis to test the relationship between variables. This study used total sampling in the sampling technique. Based on the results of the study, it was found that leadership has no significant effect on employee performance. Leadership has a significant influence on work motivation and work motivation has a significant relationship with employee performance.
Keywords: Leadership, Employee Performance, Work Motivation.
Influencia de factores sobre la disposición para el estudio en universitarios de Lima
Authors: Flores Vásquez María Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de la investigación consistió en determinar los factores que predicen la disposición para el estudio en universitarios de una institución limeña. Participaron 286 estudiantes con edades entre 24 y 29 años (M = 26.2, DE = 3.27), siendo el 26.57% hombres (n = 76) y el 73.42% mujeres (n = 210). Sobre un diseño no experimental, causal predictivo se tomaron como medidas a la Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Estudio, la Escala de Satisfacción académica, el APGAR Familiar, la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido y la Escala de Disposición para el Estudio. Los resultados destacaron la conformación de un modelo de cuatro factores que lograron predecir a la variable endógena en un 63.4% (R2 = .652, R2 ajustado = .634, F = 77.23, p < .001). Se recomendó continuar profundizando sobre los factores y sus implicancias prácticas y teóricas sobre la disposición para el estudio.
Utilización de harina de morera (Morus Alba) en alimentación de cerdos en etapa de crecimiento
Authors: Vernaza-Angulo Johana Elizabeth , Alcívar-Acosta Euster Herwinton , Barcia-Anchundia Johnny Xavier
Published: April 2024

La utilización de forrajes en la alimentación de los cerdos trae consigo ventajas nutricionales y fisiológicas que favorecen el comportamiento porcino, la morera presenta una excelente calidad nutritiva y fue utilizada con cabras, ovinos y vacunos; el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la respuesta productiva en la etapa de ceba en cerdos cruzados de razas Pietrain y Landrace, al emplear el follaje de morera (Morus alba), como sustituto parcial del concentrado comercial. La investigación se desarrolló en la Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, extensión Chone, y se conformó por 16 cerdos, los tratamientos estudiados fueron T0 como testigo, T1, T2 y T3 corresponderán al 3, 6 y 9% de harina de morera en la alimentación de los cerdos, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones y un individuo. Las principales variables evaluadas fueron: ganancia diaria de peso, consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimentaria y mortalidad. El pesaje de los cerdos se realizó cada 15 días, con la determinación del peso vivo promedio, la ganancia media diaria y la conversión alimentaria. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando el procedimiento del (ANOVA) Análisis de Varianza de Clasificación Simple o Totalmente al Azar, donde se obtuvo un intervalo de confianza del 95%. La inclusión de harina de morera al 3% puede mejorar los parámetros productivos de cerdos cruzados de razas Pietrain y Landrace.
Respuesta conductual diurna de bovinos productores de carne en finalización intensiva en el trópico seco
Authors: Zazueta-Gutiérrez Citlaly , Portillo-Loera Jesús José , Castro-Pérez Beatriz Isabel , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Urías-Estrada Jesús David , Ríos-Rincón Francisco Gerardo
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Valorar la respuesta conductual diurna de bovinos productores de carne en finalización intensiva en el trópico seco. Materiales y Métodos: En el otoño se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo con duración de seis semanas. A las 8:00, 12:00 y 16:00 h se registraron las pautas conductuales, temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa; el índice de temperatura y humedad fue calculado. Los bovinos se alojaron en corrales provistos de sombra de polipropileno y corrales sin sombra. Resultados: A las 8:00 h todos los bovinos estuvieron sujetos a condiciones ambientales de confort térmico (p<0.01); pero a las 12:00 h los bovinos bajo sombra estuvieron en peligro térmico y a las 16:00 h en alerta térmica, y a las 12:00 y 16:00 h en los bovinos sin acceso a sombra persistió el peligro térmico (p<0.01). El acceso al comedero se inhibió a las 8:00 y 12:00 h e incrementó a las 16:00 h, pero la rumia disminuyó a las 8:00 y 16:00 y aumentó a las 12:00 h (p<0.01). Los indicadores de descanso son mayormente observados en peligro y alerta térmica (p<0.01). Los indicadores agonistas se encuentran inhibidos a las 8:00 y 12:00 h (p≤0.04). La conducta social es mayormente manifiesta a las 16:00 h (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La expresión diurna de la conducta bovina relacionada con el factor climático y la provisión de sombra, puede ser inhibida en las horas de más alta influencia calórica expresada en el índice de temperatura y humedad.
Organic acids, microbiota, gut health and productive response in broilers chickens
Authors: Vera-Álava José Olmedo , Arteaga-Solórzano José Gregorio , Reyna-Gallegos Sixto Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Since the middle of the last century, the use of antibiotic growth promoters in feed has improved the performance of several food-producing animal species. However, bacterial resistance to these drugs threatens public health and has led to their prohibition in animal feed. This has increased enteric problems in broilers and consequently the use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes. In this context, several alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters have been proposed, among them organic acids, which, according to their physical and chemical properties, modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, whose metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, favor the intestinal morphology, physiology, integrity, and immunity, aspects that contribute to maintain the health of this organ and increase the bioavailability of nutrients and, ultimately, to improve the productive response of birds. This review describes the main characteristics of the organic acids commonly used in the poultry industry, their mechanisms of action and their effects, individually, in combinations of organic acids or with bioactive, on the microbiota, their metabolites, and how this affects the intestinal health and productive performance of broilers under different sanitary and environmental conditions, as well as factors that potentially interfere with the activity of organics acids.
Indigenous onto-epistemology and the Niyamgiri Movement in India
Authors: Kumar Virendra
Published: April 2024

Climate crises and other manifestations of environmental degradation are inextricably linked to the universalizing technoscientific paradigm underpinning capitalist industrialization and modernization. This study aimed to problematize the modern/colonial ontological dualism underpinning environmental crises and advocates the indigenous/Adivasi relational onto-epistemology. It offers a different reality that questions the virtues of science, capitalism, the colonial narrative, and its continuation in subjectivities and social relations with the modern state. Drawing from the new materialist insights of human and non-human imbrications and the framework of political ontology, this study further analyzed the Dongaria Kondh people's political success in defending their relational way of worlding against corporate-driven extractivism. The state perpetuates violence and takes development initiatives in this mineral-rich eastern Indian province. While other political movements have succumbed to combined corporate and state power, the Dongaria's political struggle continues in different forms. Finally, the article makes the point that knowledge and insights born out of political struggle against a particular ontology, masquerading as universal, press the need for engagement between different realities, knowledges, and recognition of a pluriverse, a world of multiple ways of worlding, where each ontological story exists not as superior or inferior, but as equal, with space for mutual engagement and dialogue.
Preoperative parameters (signalment, digital radiography, urinalysis, urine microbiological culture) and novel algorithm improve prediction of canine urocystolith composition
Authors: To Iris , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. , An Anjile , Harling Brett , Sack Danny , Ciardullo Robert , Slade Dennis J. , Palma Douglas A. , DeJesus Antonia A. , Fischetti Anthony J.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine the accuracy of 4 preoperative parameters (signalment, urinalysis, urine microbiological culture, and digital radiography) in predicting urocystolith composition, compare accuracy between evaluators of varying clinical experience and a mobile application, and propose a novel algorithm to improve accuracy.

ANIMALS

175 client-owned dogs with quantitative analyses of urocystoliths between January 1, 2012, and July 31, 2020.

METHODS

Prospective experimental study. Canine urocystolith cases were randomly presented to 6 blinded “stone evaluators” (rotating interns, radiologists, internists) in 3 rounds, each separated by 2 weeks: case data alone, case data with a urolith teaching lecture, and case data with a novel algorithm. Case data were also entered into the Minnesota Urolith Center mobile application. Prediction accuracy was determined by comparison to quantitative laboratory stone analysis results.

RESULTS

Prediction accuracy of evaluators varied with experience when shown case data alone (accuracy, 57% to 82%) but improved with a teaching lecture (accuracy, 76% to 89%) and further improved with a novel algorithm (accuracy, 93% to 96%). Mixed stone compositions were the most incorrectly predicted type. Mobile application accuracy was 74%.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Use of the 4 preoperative parameters resulted in variable accuracy of urocystolith composition predictions among evaluators. The proposed novel algorithm improves accuracy for all clinicians, surpassing accuracy of the mobile application, and may help guide patient management.
Systemic absorption and gastrointestinal adverse effects from topical ketorolac and diclofenac ophthalmic solutions in healthy dogs
Authors: Van Vertloo Laura R. , Sebbag Lionel , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Allenspach Karin , Borts David J. , Mochel Jonathan P.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

To investigate systemic absorption and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects of topical ketorolac 0.5% and diclofenac 0.1% ophthalmic solutions.

ANIMALS

11 healthy purpose-bred Beagles.

METHODS

Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either ketorolac (n = 6) or diclofenac (5), 1 drop in both eyes 4 times daily for 28 days. Upper GI endoscopy was performed on days 0 and 29 with mucosal lesion scores (0 to 7) assigned to each region evaluated. Plasma samples were collected on days 14, 21, and 28 for measurement of diclofenac and ketorolac using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

GI erosions and/or ulcers developed in all ketorolac-treated dogs and 1 of 5 diclofenac-treated dogs. Post-treatment mucosal lesion score for the antrum was higher in the ketorolac group than in the diclofenac group (P = .006) but not significantly different for any other region. Post-treatment antral mucosal lesion scores were significantly related to plasma ketorolac concentrations (P < .001). Ketorolac and diclofenac were detected in the plasma at all time points (median ketorolac day 14, 191 ng/mL; day 21, 173.5 ng/mL; and day 28, 179.5 ng/mL; and median diclofenac day 14, 21.1 ng/mL; day 21, 20.6 ng/mL; day 28, 27.5 ng/mL). Vomiting and decreased appetite events were observed uncommonly and were not significantly different between treatment groups.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

GI ulceration and erosion developed after ophthalmic administration of ketorolac and diclofenac, with higher plasma concentrations and more severe GI lesions associated with ketorolac. Clients should be alerted to this potential risk with ophthalmic use and informed to watch for systemic clinical signs that would warrant veterinary reevaluation.
Oscillometric and Doppler techniques can provide continuous noninvasive blood pressure readings in cats and dogs: an instructional video
Authors: Haginoya Satoshi , Thomovsky Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

To provide a video tutorial detailing how to perform continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring in dogs and cats.

ANIMALS

Any size dog or cat.

METHODS

To measure blood pressure noninvasively, a blood pressure cuff is selected on the basis of the circumference of the limb and placed at the level of the right atrium. For oscillometric blood pressure measurement, the cuff is connected to an oscillometric unit that will automatically inflate and deflate the cuff in order to measure the patient’s blood pressure using an internal algorithm. For Doppler blood pressure measurement, a sphygmomanometer is used to manually inflate the pressure cuff 30 to 40 mm Hg above the point where the audible arterial sounds disappear. Then, the cuff is gradually deflated until the audible arterial sounds return; the pressure at the first sound is recorded as the blood pressure. To generate continuous readings, the oscillometric machine is set to measure blood pressure as often as every minute. Alternatively, the Doppler crystal is taped to the patient’s leg to facilitate repeated cuff inflation/deflation and collection of blood pressure values as often as every minute.

RESULTS

Continuous blood pressure readings can be obtained by both the oscillometric and Doppler techniques.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Continuous blood pressure readings identify trends in a patient’s cardiovascular status. The most reliable oscillometric blood pressure reading is the mean arterial pressure. Doppler blood pressure values are considered systolic in dogs. Doppler values in cats underestimate systolic and overestimate mean blood pressure.
Industry 4.0 and Sustainability: a Study on the Applicability of Additive Manufacturing as a Tool for Minimizing Environmental Impacts on Production Processes
Authors: Silva Cássia Mara Alexandrino , Gomes Vitor Carvalho , Ferreira Allan Berthier Silva , Nascimento Leonardo Dias , Leite André Búrigo , Santos Vinicius Saraiva , Acruz Carla Santos , Marques Francisco Roldineli Varela , Leão Airton Pereira da Silva , Tourem Rafael Viêro
Published: April 2024

Objective: The present research sought to analyze the applicability of additive manufacturing as a tool for minimizing environmental damage in production processes.
 
Methodology: The research was conducted through an integrative literature review. Academic platforms such as SciELO and Google Academic were consulted, using specific keywords related to the theme. Inclusion criteria were established to select complete articles, in Portuguese and Brazilian languages, directly associated with the research theme, published between 2020 and 2024.
 
Results and data analysis: The revised studies emphasize the growing importance of additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing technology in transforming production processes towards more sustainable and efficient practices. MA's ability to produce complex parts accurately and personalized, significantly reducing raw material waste through layer-by-layer manufacturing, stands out as a crucial tool to minimize environmental impacts on production. In addition, the integration of MA in the early stages of product development promotes efficiency in production, although more in-depth studies on its environmental and energy impacts are needed.
 
Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that additive manufacturing is an essential tool for more sustainable and innovative practices in the industry, promoting the conservation of natural resources, the reduction of waste and the creation of adaptable and customized solutions. It is therefore up to companies and society to exploit and develop these technologies in search of a more sustainable and competitive future.
Emergency surgical pathology in pregnant women and women in labor: analysis of the structure of morbidity and routing paths in St. Petersburg
Authors: Popov D. N. , Korolkov А. Yu. , Bezhenar V. F. , Logvin L. А. , Bagnenko S. F.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Today, despite the development of medical technologies and the improvement of the logistical aspects of healthcare, the problem of unified treatment, diagnostic and routing algorithms for pregnant women and women in labor with urgent surgical pathology remains unresolved. The first step towards its solution is a detailed analysis of the current structure of incidence and routing paths.

The objective was to analyze the incidence of urgent extragenital surgical pathology and routing paths in pregnant women and women in labor in St. Petersburg.

Methods and materials. Based on the database of invoices issued by insurance organizations in St. Petersburg for completed cases of treatment, we performed a retrospective analysis of the data of pregnant patients with extragenital surgical pathology, hospitalized on an emergency basis in the period from 2019 to 2021. We assessed the structure of morbidity, terms of delivery to the hospital, indications and range of surgical interventions, treatment outcomes.

Conclusions. In the structure of urgent and emergency hospitalizations in pregnant women, extragenital surgical pathology is 1 %. The total proportion of surgical interventions in patients with extragenital pathology is 35.1 %. Routing of a pregnant woman with suspected surgical pathology through the primary visit to the maternity hospital significantly increases (p<0.05) the average time to admission to the surgical hospital. > <0.05 ) the average time to admission to the surgical hospital.
Transient global amnesia in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts, and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Authors: Kyrianov Yu. М. , Totolyan N. А.
Published: April 2024

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a sudden onset of total memory dysfunction, and loss of the ability to memorize information, followed by anterograde, and sometimes, retrograde amnesia, and reproduction of current events with patient’s consciousness alert, accompanied by one’s repetitive questioning during this very episode that lasts less than 24 hours (usually 1-8 hours). The process involves mesial temporal lobes and hippocampi. Pathogenesis of TGA includes venous congestion with Valsalva-like activities, other vascular dysfunction, and migraine. The article contains literature review on the development of TGA in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy and Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), which is not common for such patients, and describes a rare clinical case of confirmed CADASIL, in whom first acute vascular ischemic attack presented by TGA developed. In this patient, CADASIL was diagnosed earlier, and was based on the presence of migraine in anamnesis, common for CADASIL patients MRI abnormalities, and the result of molecular-genetic analysis, which showed gene NOTCH3 heterozygous mutation: р.207 R>R/C. Neurological examination revealed no focal neurological signs. Brain MRI in diffusion option (DWI) revealed a small pinpoint ischemic focus in left hyppocampus, which is characteristic for TGA. Despite of frequent review of migraine and subcortical ischemic events in these patients, the history of TGA is solely reported in literature. Reports of TGA development in patients with multiple sclerosis are also sole.
The Fanconi syndrome of cystinosis: insights into the pathophysiology
Authors: Sakarcan Abdullah
Published: April 2024

Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease, and is one of the most common causes of the Fanconi syndrome. In vitro studies of the cystine-loaded tubule provided insights into the pathophysiology of the proximal tubular defect. Proximal tubules loaded with cystine have a generalized proximal tubule transport defect characteristic of the Fanconi syndrome. The decrease in proximal tubular transport with cystine loading is due to a decrease in active transport. In cystine-loaded tubules the ATP production is severely compromised. The cystine-loaded tubule has a lower intracellular phosphate concentration than that of control tubules. This low intracellular phosphate concentration in cystine-loaded tubules likely plays an important role in maintaining intracellular ATP level. Preservation of intracellular phosphate at control levels prevents the decrease in intracellula, ATP and the proximal tubule respiratory dysfunction with cystine loading.
Thrombocytopenic purpura as only manifestation of brucellosis in a child
Authors: Yalaz Mehmet , Arslan Mehmet T , Kurugöl Zafer
Published: April 2024

Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with brucellosis has been rarely reported in the world literature. Thrombocytopenic purpura is generally part of the array of manifestations of brucellosis such as fever, arthritis, malaise and hepatosplenomegaly. We describe a nine-year-old girl who presented with thrombocytopenic purpura as the sole manifestation of brucellosis, which resolved with anti-Brucella chemotherapy. Her physical examination was remarkable for hepatomegaly of 3 cm and splenomegaly of 2 cm palpable below the costal margin. Initial laboratory investigations revealed isolated thrombocytopenia with platelet count of 11,300/mm3 and positive serology for Brucella. Thrombocytopenia resolved promptly with proper antibiotics on 7th day of treatment. Brucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura in Brucella-endemic areas.
Prenatal diagnosis of Meckel-Gruber syndrome and Dandy-Walker malformation in four consecutive affected siblings, with the fourth one being diagnosed prenatally at 22 weeks of gestation
Authors: Balci Sevim , Tekşen Fulya , Dökmeci Fulya , Cengiz Bora , Cömert Ruhi Bariş , Can Bilge , Ozdamar Sükrü
Published: April 2024

We report a 23-week-old male fetus affected by Meckel-Gruber syndrome. Posterior encephalocele, post-axial polydactyly, and Dandy-Walker malformation were observed on ultrasonographic (USG) examination at 22 weeks' gestation, and lobar holoprosencephaly was demonstrated on postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to autopsy. After the termination of the pregnancy, polycystic dysplastic kidneys were also noted at postmortem investigation. The proband was the product of the fourth pregnancy of a consanguineous family in which all three siblings were also similarly affected. Interestingly, both the two-year-old affected sister and 23-week-old male fetus had Dandy-Walker complex.
An anencephalic monocephalus diprosopus "headed twin": postmortem and CT findings with emphasis on the cranial bones
Authors: Ekinci Gazanfer , Balci Sevim , Erzen Canan
Published: April 2024

Monocephalus diprosopus is a form of conjoined twinning characterized by a single body, one unusual head and two faces or a spectrum of duplication of the craniofacial structures. Such cases have been mainly described according to postmortem pathologic examination. This presented case is a 26-week-stillborn female fetus, with unusual facial appearance with four eyes, two mouths, two noses, two ears and a defective cranial vault. To our knowledge, a detailed computerized tomography (CT) examination of the aberrant facial and cranial bones of such a case has not been reported to date. In this reported case, we present an anencephalic monocephalus diprosopus "headed twin", and describe the CT findings with emphasis on the cranial bones.
The relationship between group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection and psychiatric symptoms: a pilot study
Authors: Cengel-Kültür S Ebru , Cöp Esra , Kara Ateş , Cengiz Ali Bülent , Uludağ Ali Kerem , Unal Fatih
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to test if children with group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection (GABHS) are more likely to develop neuropsychiatric symptoms or the syndrome of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS) compared to children with GABHS-negative throat cultures. Children aged 8 to 12 years (n = 81) with upper respiratory tract infection were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version, Children's Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4-18, Conners Parent Rating Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children at baseline and six weeks later. One case of PANDAS was diagnosed and no other differences were observed between groups and time points. It was suggested that GABHS infection may be a triggering factor for PANDAS in some genetically prone individuals.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Turkish children
Authors: Tokuç Gülnür , Boran Perran , Oktem Sedat
Published: April 2024

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder with diverse forms of clinical presentation ranging from a benign course to diffuse progressive disease, and descriptions of LCH generally have been limited to single case reports and small case series. Since the condition is uncommon, we aimed in this study to describe our own experience and discuss the findings, treatment and outcome in our patients with LCH in light of the current literature. The eight patients (5 boys, 3 girls) ranged in age from 2 months to 3 years (mean 18 +/- 10.8 months). Multiple organ involvement was noted in 3, isolated bone involvement in 3, orbital involvement in 1, and pituitary gland involvement with rash in 1 patient. Treatment modalities used varied from simple observation to chemotherapy. Outcome results of our study demonstrated resolution of lesions in 5 patients and death in 2 patients. One patient with pituitary gland involvement developed diabetes insipidus and is receiving intranasal desmopressin acetate. Based on our results and a review of the literature, we recommend that any child with suspected solitary LCH undergo a full diagnostic investigation to rule out multiple lesions. A biopsy is recommended for a diagnosis at the time of presentation and should be attempted in any suspicious lesion. Chemotherapy is reserved for multiple systemic lesions and central nervous system (CNS) risk lesions. Follow-up investigations should be individualized but should consist of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies suggest that follow-up of at least four years is required.
Mollaret meningitis: a case report
Authors: Pişkin Ibrahim Etem , Yarimay Güneş
Published: April 2024

Mollaret meningitis is characterized by three or more episodes of benign recurrent aseptic meningitis in which symptoms and signs resolve spontaneously within two to five days. Severe headache with an acute onset, fever and meningismus are the main clinical features. We report a case of Mollaret meningitis in a seven-year-old girl who presented with four aseptic meningitis episodes in one year.
The status of women and of maternal and perinatal health in Turkey
Authors: Kültürsay Nilgün
Published: April 2024

Turkey has improved the status of women and the maternal and perinatal health statistics in the last decades. However, discrepancies between urban-rural and east-other regions continue, with some improvements. The education of girls is promoted and maternal age at marriage and at first delivery has increased. Birth control measures are increasingly used. Fertility rates decreased to 2.16 children per fertile woman. Antenatal care standards have improved, and achievement of deliveries by health care personnel and postnatal mother/newborn care has increased to 90%. The maternal death rate decreased to 19.5 in 100,000 pregnants. However, uneducated women marry earlier and have a higher risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes. Perinatal mortality decreased to 19 in 1,000 deliveries. Neonatal mortality rate decreased to 13 in 1,000 live deliveries. Uneducated mothers living in rural areas and having more children receive less antenatal and postnatal care and are more likely to lose their newborn. The major causes of neonatal deaths are prematurity and congenital abnormalities.
Severe iron deficiency anemia and marked eosinophilia in adolescent girls with the diagnosis of human fascioliasis
Authors: Tavil Betül , Ok-Bozkaya İkbal , Tezer Hasan , Tunç Bahattin
Published: April 2024

Human fascioliasis (HF), caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, is an endemic infection in many parts of tropical countries. HF can also be seen in some of the non-tropical countries. This report describes two girls with severe iron deficiency anemia and eosinophilia, who were diagnosed as HF. The infection was successfully eliminated with the administration of triclabendazole. No side effects or recurrence was observed after the treatment. It should be kept in mind that marked eosinophilia with severe iron deficiency anemia should alert pediatricians to the possibility of F. hepatica infection.