bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acids Composition in Selected Catering Products
Authors: MATEA Cristian Tudor , MAZAREL Adrian , MORAR Maria , BELE Constantin , BUNEA Andreea
Published: December 2021

Intake of dietary lipid is relevant to human health and should be subject of an extended research regarding quantitative and qualitative aspects. Catering food products investigated in the current study have been chosen from two food groups: fish based food products and meat based food products. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID), a Shimadzu GC-17A series gas-chromatograph, equipped with a 30m polyethylene glycol coated column (Alltech AT-WAX, 0.25mm I.D., 0.25µm film thickness). Helium was used as the carrier gas at a pressure of 147 kPa. The injector and detector temperatures were set at 260ºC. For the oven temperature the following programe was used: 70ºC for 2 min. then raised to 150ºC at 10ºC/ min. rate and held at 150ºC for 3min., then further raised up to 235ºC at a 4ºC/min. A number of ten food samples were investigated. It was found that in the case of products from both food groups analyzed the predominant fatty acid is the oleic acid (18:1) and significant values for palmitic (16:0), linoleic (18:2) and stearic acid (18:0). The ratio between PUFA/SFA is 0.4 for the fish based products and 0.6 for the meat based products, lower than the threshold of 1.5 which is considered not to raise negative health effects.
Creating Agricultural Productivity Map Models on Different Romanian Soil Textures through the Concept of Precision Agriculture
Authors: VOICEA Iulian , MATACHE Mihai , VLĂDUŢ Valentin , BUNGESCU Sorin
Published: December 2021

Precision agriculture (AP) – is a model that will be applied in all developed countries and aims an input modulate management (seeds, irrigation water, fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide) through soil tillage adaptation to the parcel heterogeneity characteristics. Precision agriculture, as a mecatronics application, leaves room for a new methodology (that aims towards a new agricultural system) that can be the key to many issues.

Crop quality and yield increase is necessary in modern agricultural systems. A necessary requirement for production costs is that they must be lowered as much as possible in order to guarantee market copetitivity. This implies the use of complex management and the control of systems in order to regulate, efficiently a large quantity of physical interactive variables. Recent progress in hardware and software like microprocessors and microcontrollers, lead to complex control and task management integration in agricultural exploitations.

Productivity maps show the production variation in a field and represent an important source of information for the farmer. The production monitor is just a piece from the information gathering system in precision agriculture, with the help of which we can make comparisons of production values on a multitude of time tables. The article presents productivity map models made on soils in different locations in Romania.
Water Resources Management for Konya Basin Agriculture Under Different Projections
Authors: ACAR Bilal , TOPAK Ramazan , DIREK Mithat
Published: December 2021

Global warming, population increase and environmental pollution have adversely affected water resources in most countries as well as Turkey. As we all know that there is a strong relationship between sustainable water management and economic development. Approximately 90% of total area is irrigated by surface irrigation methods and about 75% of the water resources are being used in agriculture of Turkey. Water resources of Konya Closed Basin, KCB, of Turkey are mostly groundwater and very scarce.

Agriculture with present status has resulted excess water uses in Basin. The possible most important reason of over water uses is increase of the planting areas of highly water consumption crops, such as sugar beet and involving great water consumption crops to the current crop pattern. If this trend continues, groundwater potential of basin will be wiped out in near future.

To solve such problems, excess water uses from the basin resources should be avoided by increasing the land size of low water consuming crops. On the other hand, people especially in rural areas and other whole society are senseless about the importance of water resources and dangers of drought. They should be informed about the efficient water uses in agriculture by organizing some activities such as farmer education, seminars. There should be a new legislation about sustainable water uses.

In this paper, firstly water resources-agriculture relationships in KCB will be analyzed and then factors necessitating efficient use and management of water resources under social, environmental, economic and political reasons will be discussed.
An Educational Visual C++ Program Aid to Estimate Fuel Consumption for Tillage Equipment Based on Trained Artificial Neural Network
Authors: AL-JANOBI Abdulrahman , AL-HAMED Saad , ABOUKARIMA Abdulwahed
Published: December 2021

An educational program was developed to assist graduate and undergraduate students to estimate fuel consumption for tillage equipment.

It supports to select the appropriate power of an agricultural tractor to operate with a particular tillage implement in specific operation and soil conditions to minimize fuel consumption.

The program was written in visual C++ programming language. The program was based on training library of an artificial neural network.

The program offers an educational help and clarification to most of the affecting parameters on fuel consumption. The program was validated by comparing predicted fuel consumption with the results obtained during field experiments.

The program has proven to be very user-friendly and efficient to meet the requirement.
Effect of Several Technological and Kitchen Treatments on Hexachlorocyclohexan Residues in Pork Meat
Authors: MURESAN Crina , TOFANA Maria , LASLO Cornel
Published: December 2021

Changes induced by different cooking processes in levels of HCH and HCH isomers were investigated.Meat samples were analyzed (pork neck). Samples of raw and cooked (cold smoked, hot smoked and pasteurized, grill, baked and pressure cooked) were analyzed.

There were some variations in the concentrations of HCH and HCH isomers before and after preparation. The results of this study show that, in general, cooking processes are a means to reduce the HCH and HCH isomers in fatty foods.
Determination of Peroxide Value in Sunflower Halva using a Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: MURESAN Vlad , MUSTE Sevastita , RACOLTA Emil , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , MAN Simona , BIROU(POP) Anamaria , CHIRCU Carmen
Published: December 2021

Sunflower halva, popular in countries from Eastern Europe, is made of sunflower tahini, cooked sugar and soapwort root extract.

Lipid fraction in traditional sunflower halva is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, susceptible to peroxidation. Oxidation of the lipids is one of the main causes of lipid rich food deterioration leading to formation of off-flavour that negatively affect their quality and shelf life. In this study the initially phase of oxidation in sunflower halva was assessed, using as indicator the peroxide value (PV). The protocol followed was the one described by IDF standard which uses ammonium thiocyanate as Fe(III)-complexing agent.

Halva samples stored at room temperature, in open air conditions for four months, respectively ten months were analyzed. The PV of sunflower halva at 10 months of storage was ~ 2 times higher that the PV of sunflower halva at 4 months of storage.

The samples of sunflower seeds used for the analysis were freshly dehulled and dehulled and then stored at room temperature in open air conditions for four months. The freshly dehulled sunflower seeds had a PV of 4.14 meq O2/Kg fat, similar values with those reported in the literature. The sunflower seeds dehulled and than stored for 4 months at room temperature in open air conditions had a PV of 89.47 meq O2/Kg fat, rancid taste being detected.

Regarding the oxidative stability of sunflower halva, care must be taken on storage conditions and packaging – temperature and oxygen availability. For further studies addition of supplementary antioxidants should be considered.
Description of the Agrostis Capillaris L. - Festuca Rubra L. Grassland Type
Authors: PĂCURAR Florin , ROTAR Ioan , GÂRDA Nicoleta , BOGDAN Anca
Published: December 2021

The Agrostis capillaris-Festuca rubra’s phytocenosis has a floristic diversity between 20 - 52 species and it is characterised as mesophilous, moderate acidophilous, moderate nitrophilous and medium resistant for mowing, treading and grazing.
Quality and Safety Analysis for some Traditional Homemade Fruit Distillates from Transylvania (North West Romania)
Authors: RUSU(COLDEA) Teodora Emilia , SOCACIU Carmen , PARAU Carmen , MOCAN Augustin Aurel
Published: December 2021

There were analyzed nine homemade samples of plum and apple distillates (brandies) originating from different areas of Romania- Transylvania (Maramureş, Cluj, Bistriţa-Năsăud counties). There were investigated some quality parameters (alcohol concentration, relative density, total dry extract, pH and total acidity) as well two safety markers (organo chlorinated pesticides and heavy metals - lead and copper). The methods used were routine determinations for quality analysis while, gas-chromatographic (GC-FID) quantitative evaluation of organo chlorinated pesticides and atomic absorption analysis for heavy metals. We found generally acceptable quality parameters, included in the standardized limits, while for safety, three samples were found to contain pesticides and two samples to contain higher concentrations of lead or copper. Further investigations will be focused more on safety parameters of a larger number of samples from Transylvania
Biological Active Compounds Used as Probiotics in Yoghurt
Authors: STANILA Andreea , LEOPOLD Loredana , VODNAR Dan
Published: December 2021

The aims of our work were to study the effect of some prebiotics such molasses, amino acids on the growing rate of some probiotics lactic bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lacobacillus casei, Bifidobacterim breve, Bifidobacterium infantis and a mix of these four strains) in cow and goat yoghurt. We have been studied comparatively yoghurt without and with different concentrations of prebiotics mentioned above, their chemical composition (fat and lactose), survival rate of probiotics bacteria and the production of lactic acid as a result of lactose and other saccharides fermentation.

Regarding the growth rate of lactic bacteria it can be concluded that the number was increased semnificatively in goat yoghurt at the concentration of 1% and 2% molasses added.

The concentrations of lactic acid were also increased in the samples treated with molasses, the best results have been obtained for goat yoghurt, especially after 7 days of incubation.

The lactose amount was lower in the samples with molasses concluding that lactic bacteria fermented more efficient lactose in the presence of prebiotics.

There is a direct correlation between presence of prebiotics and probiotics bacteria activity.
Old Principles – New Methods in the Volatile Oils Approach
Authors: TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia Ancuta , MUDURA Elena , TRUTA Delia Mihaela , MICHIU Delia
Published: December 2021

The present paper is intended to be an attempt to systematize, though not exhaustive, the main approaches in the research of volatile oils. The analytical investigations of our researchers group in this area are carried out in the Food Quality and Safety Testing Laboratory (LICSA) from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, as a continuation of our previous studies of volatile oils.
An Excel Spreadsheet to Estimate Performance Parameters for Chisel Plow-Tractor Combination Based on Trained an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: AL-JANOBI Abdulrahman , AL-HAMED Saad , ABOUKARIMA Abdulwahed
Published: December 2021

An Excel spreadsheet to estimate performance parameters for chisel plow-tractor combination during tillage process based on trained an artificial neural network was developed. The performance parameters include field and fuel efficiencies, draft, and required energy. The spreadsheet may be used as extension method for agricultural engineers for solutions of farm mechanization management problems during tillage process. The loading factor of the tractor was selected to be an optimizing criterion for the operating parameters. The spreadsheet offers an educational help and clarification to most of the affecting parameters on performance parameters. It was validated by comparing predicted performance parameters with the results obtained during field experiments. It has proven to be very user-friendly and efficient to meet the requirement.
The Forecasting of Air Pollution in an Ecological Landfill for Urban Waste
Authors: CIUPEANU CĂLUGĂRU Eleonora Daniela , MURĂRIŢA Ilie
Published: December 2021

Waste management is one of the major problems facing Romania in terms of environmental protection. This refers to the activities of collection, transport, treatment, recovery and disposal (Apostol, T., 1999). Waste from cities and towns and rural areas are most frequently discharged into the nearest landfill or illegally dumped in remote locations. Due to lack of facilities and poor operation, waste landfills are among the recognized risk generators on environmental impact and public health. The main types of impact and risk caused by urban and industrial waste landfills perceived by the population are: pollution of surface waters; air pollution, visual, changes in the composition of soil fertility and adjoining biocoenoses. In this paper we present a study case regarding the forecasting of air pollution in an ecological landfill for urban waste.
Comparison of Different GC-MS Methods Used for the Volatile Compounds Identification from Commercial Apple Vinegar
Authors: Truta Delia Mihaela , TOFANA Maria , Socaci Sonia Ancuta , MUDURA Elena
Published: December 2021

Apple vinegar is increasingly used nowadays as a spice because its good sensory characteristics and also it is a natural treatment for different human diseases. Based on these facts knowing its aroma profile is essential for the evaluation and authentication of apple vinegar.

This paper aims are the study of different GC-MS methods for the identification of volatile compounds from commercial apple vinegar; and the selection of the best method who will allow us the longer number of volatile compounds from our sample.
Strategy for Promoting Sustainable Agro-Food Chain in Romanian Universities Catering Services
Authors: VINTILA Iuliana
Published: December 2021

The ecological footprint (EF) was proposed as a tool to measure progress towards the future goal of increasing the “Dunarea de Jos” University (UGAL) sustainability.

In the calculation of product-specific EF were considered all the life cycle assessment (LCA) elements including energy, materials system and wastes.Comparative analysis of agro-food origin (local, regional, national, EU) were conducted for the 6 main ingredients included in the daily menus of UGAL students. The variables of EF for the transportation system were capacity and distance.

The ecological footprint analysis (EFA) was conducted in order to analyze the environmental impact of improved catering processing system by using an increasing amount of 15-25% regional organic agro-foods and 50% less amount of meat in the daily meals created for “Dunarea de Jos” University Galati (UGAL) students in 2010.

Independent studies, students collected data for the calculation of UGAL canteen footprint and analysis of surveys were conducted as methodology of the present research.

The following results were obtained in case of Eco-strategy implementation in the UGAL canteen: (1) reducing of UGAL canteen EF with 17.27% in the food module; (2) reducing of EF per student at 0.7554 gha from 0.9132 gha; (3) a reducing of food costs with 20.83%.

Actual statistics discuss about the contraction of the student population with 20% in the next 10 years and in the condition of resources limitation the Eco-management became a necessity in order to respect the regional biocapacity.
Economic Efficiency in Cultivation of Perrenial Grassland Leguminous for Seed Production
Authors: OLAR Marius Viorel , OLAR Mihai , OLAR Viorica , MORAR Gavrila , VAIDA Simona
Published: December 2021

To study economic efficiency in the cultivation of perrenial grassland leguminous

for seed production in spring 2005 we have initiated studies regarding the optimization of

technological factors (fertilization, planting distance between rows, sowing norm, sowing time,

harvest time, how to prepare the bed germinative) to Medicago sativa Satellite variety, Trifolium

pratense Select 1 variety, Onobrychis vicifolia Splendid variety and Lotus corniculatus Alina variety,

experiments were seeded in three repetitions with harvested plot size of 10m square.

Data from the process charts for the years of study (2005 and 2006) were those obtained using

optimal productions: hay in year 1 and year 2 of cutting, straw production and seed production for

each species that were studied, but prices for materials and farming were those used in the usual

practice in agriculture.

After laborious studies conducted field and laboratory as well as the calculations was obtained

a greater economic efficiency if the species of vegetation cultivated for seed production was red clover

and in the worst for trefoil in the first two years, but was obtained a good economic efficiency in case

of lucerne and sainfoin cultivars.
STUDY ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS ABOUT THE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF CARROT JUICES
Authors: Bratu Magda Gabriela , Buruleanu Lavinia , Avram Daniela
Published: December 2021

The influence of the storage time of vegetables - raw materials, the influence of fermentationÂ temperature and the influence of the glucose addition about the lactic acid fermentation unfolding has beenÂ studied.Â Fresh carrots and carrots stored five months were pressed to raw juice and heat-treated at 70 degrees C forÂ 20 minutes in the aim of destroy the undesirable microorganisms.Â Carrot juices were inoculated with lactic acid bacteria isolated from epiphytic microbiota at theÂ concentration of 4x105Â UFC/ml and fermented in a thermostat for 96 hours. During the fermentation theÂ following analytical parameters were established: reducing sugars, total acidity, pH, amino acids content, nitritesÂ content, ascorbic acid content.Â During fermentation the pH of carrot juices decreases from 6,15 to 3,99, while the total acidity increasesÂ from 0,06 to 1,62% (as lactic acid). Less than 25% of the initial content of ascorbic acid rests in the juices afterÂ 96 hours of fermentation.Â The amino acids content of juices, expressed as g N2/100g, increase with a middle of 50% in 96 hours,Â due of the proteins decomposition. The pre-digestion of these compounds improve the nutritional quality of theÂ lactofermented juices.Â We found that the glucose supplement hasnâ€™t a significant influence about the lactic acid accumulation.Â Also, at the end of the period of study, we found that the substratum metabolization was difficult in the sampleÂ with 1% glucose initial added.Â The quality of the raw materials, especially concerning the sugars content and the total acidity at theÂ beginning of the fermentation process is important because a rapidly increase of acidity minimizes the influenceÂ of spoilage bacteria.Â To proceed from the results of the sensory analysis and the results of the chemical analysis weÂ recommend stopping the fermentation of these juices after 72 hours.
STUDIES REGARDING DETERMINATION AND ESTABLISHING THE VALIDITY OF BOILED AND SMOKED MEAT PRODUCTS
Authors: Frigioiu Modoran Adela , Frigioiu Modoran D. , Tofan I.
Published: December 2021

Underlining the validity problem can only be welcomed, given the conditions that in nowadays there doesnt exist a recipe without preservatives, antioxidants, colorants etc. Modern technology for meat products has a very important role in improving the quality of aliments, level of civilization and the prosperity of a country.In order to determine the validity of food products we have chosen as an example meat product as they have an equilibrated trophyne composition, a high biological value and special nutritional qualities.Using the cold air technologies in obtaining meat products ensures, together with the food additives, keeping of quality and nutritional characteristics of the final products.For this study we have chosen meat products from the group of boiled and smoked products: beer sausage. In the final we have analyzed the results of the experiment from the quality, microbiological and physical-chemical point of view. The quality exam referred to appreciate the aspect, color, taste, smell, consistency etc. The physical-chemical analysis determined humidity, salt, nitrates, Kreiss reaction and mg. NH3/100 g.
QUANTIFICATION OF TOCOPHEROL AND FATTY ACID CONTENT IN SELECTED ROMANIAN CEREAL USING HPLC-FL AND GC-FID
Authors: Matea Cristian Tudor , Bele Constantin
Published: December 2021

The objectif of this paper is determening the content of tocopherols using a HPLCÂ method with a FL detector and fatty acids in six romanian cereal grain varieties( wheat varieties: Ariesan,Â Dumbrava, Stil; maize varieties: Turda 201, Turda 160 and Turda 215).
Abnormalities in the ovaries of sockeye salmon spawners in the Kamchatka River in 2019
Authors: Gorodovskaya S. B. , Smorodina L. N.
Published: December 2021

Based on histological analysis of the ovaries of sockeye salmon spawners in the Kamchatka River, numerous abnormalities leading to resorption are shown in the structure of vitellogenic oocytes. Fertility of mature female sockeye salmon decreases due to the resorption of the vitellogenic oocytes. Presence of ovaries with abnormal oocytes implies oocyte resorption in fish being a phenomenon associated with mechanism of natural regulation of final fertility. Such mechanism is required in view of changing fish body length and weight in the sockeye salmon of the Kamchatka River. Numerous abnormalities in the ovaries indicate of a decreasing reproductive capacity of spawners and commercial quality of the eggs.
A simple HPLC-UV Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Linezolid in human Plasma in low-resourced settings
Authors: A Vijayakumar , V Sudha , JW Alffenaar , SM Jeyakumar , AK Hemanth Kumar
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the estimation of Linezolid in human plasma was developed and validated. METHODS: Samples (100µµL) were deproteinized with acetonitrile and analyzed using LiChrospher 100, RP18e column with PDA detection at 254 nm. The flow rate of the isocratic mobile phase comprising of 0.1% formic acid in 1000 ml of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 (v/v) was set at 1.0 ml/min. RESULTS: The calibration curve ranged from 0.50 to 20.0 µg/ml and was linear. The recovery ranged from 96% to 101%. The accuracy ranged from 98 to 101% and intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation was <4.58%. The method reliably eliminated interfering materials from plasma and R2 was 0.9973. The method described was applied to the determination of plasma LZD concentration in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients who are treated with a dose of 600 mg LZD once daily. CONCLUSIONS: The developed method is suitable for determination of plasma LZD in routine care and considered feasible in less-resourced settings
Actitudes lingüísticas de estudiantes de lenguas de una universidad pública colombiana
Authors: Salazar Caro Aura Rosa
Published: December 2021

En este artículo derivado de investigación se analizan las actitudes lingüísticas de los estudiantes del programa de Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana e Inglés de la Universidad Popular del Cesar. Este estudio cuenta con un enfoque mixto, el cual fue diseñado a partir de un cuestionario de treinta preguntas que se aplicó a los estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura Sociolingüística y Etnolingüística durante el segundo semestre del 2018. Los datos recogidos revelan que los estudiantes prefieren el inglés en ámbitos como la formación profesional y laboral, y el español en escenarios cotidianos y de relaciones interpersonales. Coinciden en que la importancia del inglés radica en que es una lengua que genera oportunidades laborales y académicas. La conclusión principal de este estudio es que los estudiantes tienen una motivación instrumental que sustenta el aprendizaje de inglés en beneficios económicos y laborales que esta lengua reporta.
Investigación narrativa en perspectiva crítica: reflexión metodológica
Authors: Castaño Gaviria Ricardo Antonio , Guisao Gil Giseh Solans
Published: December 2021

Este artículo surge de la investigación Experiencias descentralizadas de formación docente desde un enfoque biográfico-narrativo, llevado a cabo en la Normal Superior del Municipio de Abejorral, Antioquia, durante el año 2019, la cual tuvo por objetivo conocer los efectos en la formación docente desde experiencias descentralizadas, a partir de la investigación narrativa, en términos de las trayectorias e identidades profesionales. Metodológicamente la investigación se desarrolla desde un enfoque biográfico narrativo reflexivo, el cual contempla la escritura y la construcción del relato en una continua crítica, reflexión y discusión sobre la formación del sujeto. Así, proponemos trabajar la narrativa a la luz de experiencias comunes, llevando la producción narrativa a un momento de problematización. La investigación, constituye una ruta crítica para pensar la formación, donde puedan emerger características sociales e históricas de la producción de la identidad profesional. Dentro de las conclusiones se evidencia, que escribir “solo” o desde la individualidad, no permite la reflexividad frente al proceso escritural, por el contrario, el acompañamiento aporta a la perspectiva de un trabajo donde el otro se vuelve un espejo que aporta a la problematización y a la toma de postura política de la propia trayectoria.
Enigma y Sufrimiento: más allá de rememorar
Authors: Aguirre García Juan Carlos , Jaramillo Echeverri Luis Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo explorar la tensión entre el sufrimiento como acontecimiento enigmático y su posibilidad de rememoración. La estrategia utilizada para ello inicia con dos metáforas que permiten establecer la diferencia entre dos versiones de enigma: una débil o comprehensiva del sufrimiento, y una fuerte o radical del mismo. Posteriormente, a partir de algunos trabajos del filósofo Emmanuel Levinas, se considera la versión radical de enigma en confrontación con la tentativa de reducir el sufrimiento a esquemas cognitivos, asimilándolo a una comprensión estereotipada. Finalmente, se pregunta acerca del sentido de rememorar el sufrimiento, aduciendo algunos apuntes respecto a su inutilidad, pero conservando su carácter de perturbación, interrupción y exceso. El resultado del artículo consistirá en una contribución a los intentos por hacer justicia a las personas víctimas frente a la totalización del sistema que los hace personajes bajo la máscara de la representación.
Hacia una metología integral para el desarrollo de la literacidad en la educación intercultural bilingüe
Authors: Castro Azuara María Cristina , Hernández Ramírez Laura Aurora , Nava Nava Refugio
Published: December 2021

En este artículo de reflexión se discute la pertinencia de generar una metodología integral para la enseñanza de la lengua indígena en el contexto de la educación intercultural bilingüe en México. Partimos del planteamiento de que, si bien existen lineamientos para guiar el funcionamiento de la educación intercultural bilingüe, estos no se han concretado en metodologías para la enseñanza de la oralidad, lectura y la escritura de las lenguas originarias. Por lo mismo, a partir de una fundamentación teórica desde los Nuevos Estudios de la Literacidad y la Pedagogía del Género Discursivo, proponemos abordar la enseñanza de las lenguas indígenas desde un enfoque sociosemiótico e intercultural basado en el género discursivo, pues, además de facilitar la adquisición de la lengua, permite a los estudiantes reconocerse como miembros activos en sus entornos inmediatos al reafirmar las prácticas de literacidad propias de su comunidad e integrarlas a las prácticas escolares. Concluimos que sólo a través de un bilingüismo aditivo, guiado por metodologías y planes de intervención pedagógica fundamentados en una mirada social del lenguaje, se logrará que los niños y niñas indígenas ejerzan su derecho a participar de la lectura y escritura en sus propias lenguas y, simultáneamente, se involucren en prácticas sociales que les ayuden a construir conocimiento para acceder a mejores oportunidades de vida dentro y fuera de sus comunidades. En este artículo de reflexión se discute la pertinencia de establecer una metodología integral para la enseñanza de la lengua indígena en el contexto de la educación intercultural bilingüe en México. Partimos del planteamiento de que, si bien existen lineamientos para guiar el funcionamiento de la educación intercultural bilingüe, estos no se han concretado en metodologías para la enseñanza de la oralidad, lectura y la escritura de las lenguas originarias. Por lo mismo, a partir de una teoría fundamentada en los nuevos estudios de la literacidad y la pedagogía del género discursivo, proponemos abordar la enseñanza de las lenguas indígenas desde un enfoque sociosemiótico e intercultural basado en el género discursivo, pues, además de facilitar la adquisición de la lengua, permite a los estudiantes reconocerse como miembros activos en sus entornos inmediatos al reafirmar las prácticas de literacidad propias de su comunidad e integrarlas a las prácticas escolares. Concluimos que solo a través de un bilingüismo aditivo, guiado por metodologías y planes de intervención pedagógica fundamentados en una mirada social del lenguaje, se logrará que los niños y niñas indígenas ejerzan su derecho a participar de la lectura y escritura en sus propias lenguas y, simultáneamente, se involucren en prácticas sociales que les ayuden a construir conocimiento para acceder a mejores oportunidades de vida dentro y fuera de sus comunidades.
Metodologías interculturales para la enseñanza de la biología y la vida
Authors: Bravo-Osorio Leidy Marcela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta algunas reflexiones metodológicas, producto de la experiencia de trabajo en procesos de formación inicial de licenciados en Biología de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, orientados desde el grupo de investigación Enseñanza de la biología y diversidad cultural, específicamente en el desarrollo de la práctica pedagógica integral y el trabajo de grado, en el resguardo indígena yanakuna de Río Blanco (Sotará, Cauca) y en la institución educativa inga Yachaikury (Yurayaco-Caquetá), Colombia. El referente conceptual y metodológico parte de la pluralidad epistémica y del reconocimiento de la otredad como práctica ética que constituye la enseñanza de la biología y la vida. El artículo concluye que las propuestas metodológicas desarrolladas desde la práctica pedagógica y los trabajos de grado permiten problematizar el conocimiento sobre la biología y, por esa vía, precisar relaciones con la vida como oportunidad para su enseñanza y cuidado. Estos ejercicios investigativos se convierten en una posibilidad de reflexionar respecto de las metodologías de investigación que aporten al debate sobre cómo enseñar la biología y la vida en perspectiva de diversidad.
Una Verdad Incómoda “MatEcoTierra”: proyecto pedagógico de aula desarrollado con estudiantes para profesor de matemáticas
Authors: Macías-Becerra Erika Daniela , Ordóñez-Hernández Laura Stephanie , Fresneda Patiño Edna Paola
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo del proyecto pedagógico de aula Una Verdad Incómoda: MatEcoTierra, realizado con estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. El proyecto pedagógico de aula se centró en estudiar una situación social del entorno relacionada con el impacto de la contaminación ambiental, sustentado en las matemáticas, con la intención de generar una visión crítica y una conciencia socioambiental en los estudiantes en formación. Este proyecto se sustenta en el enfoque sociopolítico de la educación matemática crítica, desarrollado a partir de las cinco fases que se proponen desde la modelación matemática como estrategia metodológica, dando lugar a la planeación, desarrollo, el análisis de los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones que suscitó el trabajo realizado. La discusión y análisis que posibilita el desarrollo de este proyecto resulta fundamental en el proceso de formación de los futuros docentes de matemáticas, puesto que es importante reflexionar sobre distintas prácticas pedagógicas que pueden ser implementadas en el aula como estrategia didáctica para generar cambios en la rutina habitual de la clase de matemáticas. En virtud de los resultados, en el proceso de formación es fundamental reconocer que las matemáticas se convierten en una herramienta poderosa, que permite leer y comprender críticamente situaciones sociales y ambientales del contexto, para tomar actitudes de transformación que generen conciencia en el ser y hacer cotidiano.
Formación doctoral en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional: el itinerario de un doctorando
Authors: Soler-Contreras Manuel Guillermo , Cárdenas-Salgado Fidel Antonio , Umbarila-Castiblanco Ximena
Published: December 2021

Este artículo de reflexión presenta el plan de estudios implementado en el Doctorado Interinstitucional en Educación en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, en el cual cada participante se orienta hacia el desarrollo de habilidades de autogestión para convertirse en un investigador profesional en educación. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha diseñado e implementado un plan de estudios de 81 créditos por más de veinte años, en el que el proyecto de investigación es un elemento fundamental para la formación. La presente revisión ofrece una visión profunda del camino seguido por un doctorando, describiendo no solo su experiencia en el Programa, sino también su desarrollo profesional como investigador al trabajar en una institución de educación oficial. Para comprender mejor este proceso en la educación doctoral, los autores se centran en los principales logros en términos de conocimiento, publicaciones en revistas científicas y participación en eventos nacionales e internacionales. Por lo tanto, el estudio describe las competencias de investigación desarrolladas por un doctorando y sugiere que este tema se aborde en otras investigaciones para analizar y apoyar aún más la evolución del Programa.
Contribuciones de la actividad experimental al pensamiento científico de estudiantes con diversidad funcional
Authors: García-Arteaga Edwin Germán , Bolaños-Ortega Eliana María
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se reportan, en forma de narrativa, los resultados del estudio de caso de un estudiante (Carlos) diagnosticado con trastorno de déficit de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad y trastorno mixto de habilidades escolares, quien presentaba dificultad en la comprensión de los conceptos fundamentales de la ciencia, apatía por la escuela, y un cuadro de aislamiento debido a la falta de reconocimiento por parte de sus maestros y compañeros de estudio. Estas problemáticas llevaron al planteamiento de la pregunta orientadora del caso: ¿cómo promover habilidades de pensamiento científico en estudiantes con diversidad funcional? Esto llevó al propósito central de la intervención: proponer la actividad experimental exploratoria en torno al fenómeno de flotabilidad como una aliada en el aula diversa funcional. La propuesta se fundamentó en torno a construcciones teóricas sobre la diversidad funcional, la actividad experimental, las habilidades de pensamiento científico y el fenómeno de flotación. La estrategia se desarrolló como un sistema en espiral: inició con un estudio diagnóstico sobre las dificultades, los gustos, los intereses y las necesidades del estudiante y llegó hasta las evidencias del desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento científico, habilidades que permitieron fortalecer el autorreconocimiento, estimular el acercamiento a pensar la actividad científica y promover el sentido creativo del estudiante. Todo esto se logró mediante un seguimiento constante del proceso de enseñanza y la receptividad por parte del estudiante. Se pudo valorar los progresos sobre sus niveles de atención, fortalecimiento de habilidades sociocientíficas y aprendizajes significativos.
Las competencias ambientales clave en las actividades docentes del profesorado de ciencias
Authors: Mora-Penagos William Manuel , Guerrero-Guevara Nathaly
Published: December 2021

Nuestra sociedad actual se caracteriza por un estado de crisis civilizatoria, donde la pobreza, la inequidad y los conflictos conforman un sistema de problemáticas de las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza, que hacen que la formación ambiental se haga necesaria y urgente en nuestro sistema educativo. El desarrollo de capacidades y formación de competencias ambientales de los docentes, particularmente de ciencias, son determinantes para permitir que en las instituciones educativas los estudiantes tengan una formación ciudadana, crítica y democrática para participar en la toma de decisiones responsables frente a los problemas ambientales locales. Este artículo, a partir de la conceptualización de las relaciones capacidades/competencias, presenta las competencias ambientales para la acción, como base de las propuestas para la sostenibilidad ambiental frente a las demandadas actuales como criterio de idoneidad en los currículos de todos los niveles educativos, en particular de la educación superior. Por último, se propende por unas competencias ambientales integradas, relacionadas con las transiciones/progresiones de aprendizaje, que hacen parte de los estándares de ciencias, en la formación de los estudiantes, lo que hace necesario procesos formativos del profesorado en enfoques de enseñanza, como las cuestiones sociocientíficas y cuestiones socioambientales agudas.
A tecnologia social no contexto da educação socioambiental crítica: uma ação educativa societária
Authors: Guilhermino por Archanjo Junior Miguel , Tormohlen Gehlen Simoni
Published: December 2021

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar e compreender as relações teórico-metodológicas entre a Educação Ambiental (EA) Crítico-transformadora e a Tecnologia Social (TS) e suas contribuições em ações educativas societárias, na tentativa de superar demandas socioambientais locais de uma comunidade. Essa proposta foi realizada durante um processo formativo/educativo envolvendo professoras e crianças da Educação Infantil, na Escola Padre Giuseppe Bonomi e os moradores locais, sobre as contradições socioambientais presentes em uma comunidade localizada no município de Ilhéus, estado da Bahia. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa compreendeu duas etapas: 1) processo formativo/educativo na elaboração atividades didático-pedagógicas a partir das demandas sociais/socioambientais locais; 2) implementação de atividades didático-pedagógicas sobre essas demandas, via TS. As informações foram obtidas por meio de videogravações realizadas durante o processo formativo e na implementação das atividades e analisadas mediante a Análise Textual Discursiva, tendo como referência duas categorias a priori: I) A emancipação de atores sociais a partir de uma ação educativa societária na comunidade escolar; II) Concepção Socioambiental Emancipadora dos atores sociais locais. Dentre os resultados, constatou-se que a articulação entre EA Crítico-transformadora e a TS, direcionada pelo processo da Investigação Temática, contribuiu significativamente para formação de atores sociais críticos, bem como superação das demandas socioambientais locais.
Urban development and 2030 Agenda
Authors: Silva Marcia Regina Farias da , Dias Nildo da Silva , Silva Carlos Aldemir Farias da , Lima Alexandre de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Discussions about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urban sustainability can help in the search for elucidating urban problems, considering the imprecision and conflicts that orbit around the debate on urban sustainability and the term sustainable development. This debate can contribute to future actions and proposals for urban public policies. Thus, the objective was to discuss Objective 11 of the 2030 Agenda, which deals with Sustainable Cities and Communities, from the perspective of collaborating with the debate on urban sustainability, based on the case study of Mossoró (RN). As a methodological procedure, documental and bibliographical research was carried out, around themes such as urban sustainability, sustainable development, and the 2030 Agenda, aiming to raise a theoretical reflection on these themes. Primary sources were researched in public archives of the Municipality of Mossoró and academic websites. In addition, 70 questionnaires were applied together to students and public servants of  Mossoro's public  university . It was found that the city only fulfills its social function when it guarantees its inhabitants, habitation; circulation, leisure; work, accessibility, education, and health. The challenges to thinking about sustainable cities are numerous and, on the other hand, the solutions are in place, and, therefore, the admission of public policies aligned with the production and adoption of technologies for sustainable cities is the possible path.
Subjective perceptions of students and teachers to environmental noise in public schools
Authors: Zwirtes Daniele Petri Zanardo , Nascimento Eriberto Oliveira do , Zannin Paulo Henrique Trombetta
Published: December 2021

Formal education takes place in the classroom, where learning involves intensive verbal communication between teachers and students. Therefore, classrooms must offer the necessary conditions for good teaching and learning activities, especially teacher-student communication. It is in this context that the importance of classroom acoustics is highlighted. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the acoustic quality in two classrooms. To this end, the perception of teachers and students about the noise inside and outside the classroom was investigated through questionnaires. Then, the background noise levels and the reverberation time values ​​inside the classrooms were evaluated in situ. These results were compared with the assessment of the subjective perception of the questionnaires. The levels of background noise found in classrooms were above what NBR 10152 recommends. The subjective assessment showed that students and teachers perceive the noise in classrooms and consider them bothersome. According to the teachers, noise is a factor that negatively affects teaching. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work show the lack of acoustic comfort in classrooms and highlight the need for interventions.
Spectacle Urbanism
Authors: Cruz Douver dos Santos
Published: December 2021

This article addresses the current and rapid transformations that have occurred with the imposition of new "urban consensus" and also the new rules that replaced "modern planning" - strongly characterized by State actions and domination, by strategic or "competitive planning between cities ” which is intended to be flexible, but highly permissible. Therefore, we detect the phenomenon of the glamor of the market economy and the emergence of the unique thinking of cities defined as a kind of common conceptual matrix at the origin of new urban strategies that multiply throughout the world, globalizing and homogenizing cities considering culture as the identity anchor of the new urbanism of the spectacle at the expense of social well-being. Idealizing the new aesthetics of architectures in this new urban scenario grafted on artificialities, we toured cities impacted by calendars of major events, such as the city of Munich, due to the 2006 World Cup, and the city of Rio de Janeiro due to the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016 successively, to elucidate the purposes of new ventures that excel in intense communication and promotion with a view to building an adequate image for the city through the image making policy or the city marketing strategy launching the city into the world, or rather, selling the city.
The Evolution of the Idea of Security as a Legal Category
in the History of the Teachings of Law and the State
(from Ancient Times to the Beginning of the 20th Century)
Authors: Iroshnikov D. V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the evolution of the idea of security as a legal category in the history of the teachings on law and the state, including questions about the relationship between security and such essential elements of law as freedom, equality and justice. The classical periodization of the study was used, which provides for the division of history into ancient, middle, new and modern periods. For each period, generalizing conclusions were made that characterize the cumulative achievements of thinkers in the field under consideration. The conducted research shows that security has traditionally been interpreted by thinkers as a legal phenomenon, studied in relation to law and legal categories – freedom, equality, justice, law and order, etc.
A systematic generalization of ideas about security in its relation to law allows us to draw a conclusion about security as a legal category, legal value. A systematic generalization of ideas about security in its relation to law allows us to draw a conclusion about security as a legal category, legal value.
Professional Education and Law in the USSR (1970s)
Authors: Petrov A. Ya.
Published: December 2021

The article is the first part of a series devoted to topical legal issues of the development of the training system for workers and vocational education in vocational schools in the Soviet Union. Part one is devoted to the study of the legal foundations of vocational education in the 1970s. The author characterizes the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor (1970) in conjunction with the Labor Code of the RSFSR (1971). The novelties of legislation are analyzed.
The Impact of the RICO Law on the Fight against Organized Crime
in the United States in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Frolov S. A. , Portnov M. A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the RICO law
(The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) on the fight against organized crime with the United States in the second half of the
XX century. The main ways of influence of this legal act in the legal sphere of society were analyzed. The system of interaction and the structure of organized criminal groups has been investigated, historical information about the hunting of criminal groups before the adoption of the law and the results of combating organized crime after its introduction into legal action are also provided. First of all, the law focused on the top of the criminal gangs, and not on ordinary performers. The highest ranks influenced society through corruption schemes and influence in state bodies, thereby having a high aspect of countering mass crime in society.