bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sulfur on siderophile element partitioning between olivine and a primary melt from the martian mantle
Authors: Usui Tomohiro , Righter Kevin , Shearer Charles K. , Jones John H.
Published: April 2021

Ni and Co variations in primary martian magmas exhibit anomalous incompatible behavior, which has remained an unexplained conundrum. Because martian magmas are S-rich, and some trace metals are reported to have enhanced solubility in S-bearing magmas, we have carried out a series of experiments to evaluate the effect of high-S melts on the olivine/melt partitioning of Ni, Co, Mn, V, and Cr. Near-liquidus experiments on a synthetic primary martian mantle melt (Yamato-980459 [Y98]) were completed in a piston-cylinder apparatus at 0.75 GPa. Previous studies in S-free systems illustrate that the partition coefficients for these elements are dependent chiefly on DMg(Ol/melt) (the partition coefficient defined as wt% Mg in olivine/wt% Mg in melt, a proxy for temperature), and were used to calibrate a predictive expression that includes the effects of temperature [i.e., DMg(Ol/melt)], melt composition, and oxygen fugacity. These predictive expressions are then used to isolate any effect in DM olivine/melt due to dissolved sulfur. The results show that S might have a small effect for Co, but not enough to change Co partitioning from compatible to incompatible in our experiments. The addition of a sulfur term to the DCo predictive expressions shows that nearly 8000 ppm of sulfur would be required in the melt (at liquidus temperature of Y98) for DCo to become <1. These S contents are two times higher than those of a sulfide-saturated melt at the P-T conditions of a martian mantle source region. Therefore, the anomalous incompatible behavior observed in these primary magma suites must be due to another mechanism. High temperature, oxygen fugacity, and diffusion are not viable mechanisms, but magma mixing, assimilation, or kinetic crystallization effects remain possibilities.
The absorption indicatrix as an empirical model to describe anisotropy in X-ray absorption spectra of pyroxenes
Authors: Steven Cody J. , Dyar M. Darby , McCanta Molly , Newville Matthew , Lanzirotti Antonio
Published: April 2021

Anisotropic absorption in crystals is routinely observed in many spectroscopic methods and is recognized in visible light optics as pleochroism in crystalline materials. As with other spectrosco-pies, anisotropy in Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can serve both as an indicator of the general structural arrangement and as a conundrum in quantifying the proportions of absorbers in crystals. In materials containing multiple absorbers, observed anisotropies can typically be represented by a linear relationship between measured spectroscopic peak intensities and relative absorber concentrations. In this study, oriented XAS analysis of pyroxenes demonstrates that the macroscopic theory that describes visible light absorption anisotropy of triaxially anisotropic materials can also be applied to X-ray absorption in pyroxenes, as long as the orientation and magnitude of the characteristic absorption vectors are known for each energy. Oriented single-crystal XAS analysis of pyroxenes also shows that the measured magnitude of characteristic absorption axes at a given orientation is energy-dependent and cannot be reproduced by linear combination of intermediate spectra. Although the macroscopic model describes a majority of the anisotropy, there is distinct discordance between the observed and interpolated spectra in the pre-edge between 7109 and 7115 eV, which is marked by spikes in RMSE/mean intensity ratio. Absorption indicatrices for samples analyzed in the visible and at X-ray wavelengths are modeled with a three-dimensional (3D) pedal surface, which functions as an empirical way of interpolating between the observed absorption data. This surface only requires a maximum of three coefficients, and results from the summation of 3D lemniscates. An absorption indicatrix model can be used to characterize anisotropic absorption in crystals and provides a way of comparing XAS spectra from randomly oriented crystals, such as those from polished sections, to a database of characterized crystals.
Bombas de circulação usadas em Aquariofilia: critério de seleção com base na ecoeficiência
Authors: Arantes Fabio Soares , Satyro Walter Cardoso
Published: April 2021

Apesar do crescente interesse pela Aquariofilia, escassos são os artigos científicos que contribuem com uma abordagem mais técnica, com respeito aos equipamentos nela empregados. O presente estudo tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um critério de seleção de bombas de circulação usadas para Aquariofilia baseado na ecoeficiência. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa de campo, através de questionário estruturado, aplicado pessoalmente a 30 especialistas do setor de Aquarismo. Os resultados mostraram que os requisitos mais importantes foram que as bombas devem ter baixo preço e boa qualidade. Isto pode fazer com que uma bomba de baixo preço de aquisição e, nível de qualidade aceita pelo consumidor, tenha um custo total elevado, por gastar mais energia para o seu desempenho, onerando o consumidor e utilizando mais recursos naturais para o seu funcionamento, comprometendo a ecoeficiência. Este artigo tem duas contribuições científicas, com relação às bombas de circulação utilizadas em Aquariofilia, a proposição da classificação conforme suas vazões e de critério de seleção, baseado na ecoeficiência.
Eficiência de sistemas de refrigeração sem uso de energia: experimentos a partir do sistema pot in pot
Authors: Carvalho Silva Francisco Tiago , Carvalho Silva Cleverson Ramon , Vinolas Prat Bernat
Published: April 2021

A situação de vulnerabilidade social e pobreza, somadas as dificuldades para conservação de frutas e legumes em alguns países levou ao desenvolvimento de um dispositivo alternativo denominado Pot in Pot, sistema similar a uma geladeira que dispensa o uso de energia elétrica. Voltado ao estudo deste sistema, o objetivo principal deste artigo é avaliar três sistemas Pot in Pot a fim de encontrar os aspectos-chave para melhoria da eficiência deste dispositivo. O referencial teórico que embasa este estudo aborda os conceitos de física aplicado aos experimentos e alguns tipos de equipamentos reportados na literatura. A metodologia fundamentou-se na realização de testes laboratoriais para avaliar a eficiência dos três sistemas Pot in Pot: sistema 1, vaso com água e sem tampa; sistema 2, modelo original do Pot in Pot, ou seja, um vaso menor posto dentro de outro vaso maior e separados por areia umedecida e com tampa de pano umedecido; e o sistema 3 feito a partir do segundo, tendo como diferença construtiva o lixamento da área externa do vaso maior. A partir dos dados obtidos foi realizada a análise estatística. Os resultados indicaram que (a) o dispositivo, vaso com água, teve a menor eficiência de arrefecimento em relação demais experimentos, (b) os dispositivos analisados tiveram eficiências semelhantes a outras pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre o mesmo tema; (c) que o lixamento da área externa do vaso maior colaborou de forma significativa para a melhoria do funcionamento do dispositivo 3, vaso lixado, sendo este o experimento com maior taxa de eficiência de arrefecimento.
Percepções paisagísticas como instrumento de Educação Ambiental
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Nishijima Toshio , Backes Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero , Benetti Cláudia Cisiane
Published: April 2021

A Educação Ambiental é múltipla e interdisciplinar, que atribui valores associados à sustentação da vida através dos ecossistemas naturais para fins recreativos, culturais, estéticos, espirituais e simbólicos da sociedade humana. Neste sentido, a valoração da vida é refletida na importância em que os seres humanos atribuem aos componentes do ambiente e suas interações, incluindo suas percepções. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo valorizar os espaços de convívio em comunidades rurais por meio de percepções paisagísticas atreladas à Educação Ambiental, através de visitas técnicas na zona rural do Município de Faxinal do Soturno, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ocorreram nove visitas técnicas a agricultores que foram selecionados por ter participado das oficinas em etapa anterior, e que demonstraram interesse em obter uma renda alternativa com uso das técnicas de paisagismo e jardinagem abordados nas oficinas. Observou-se que seis agricultores buscavam o embelezamento da propriedade, três queriam promover o turismo rural por meio do ajardinamento de suas propriedades, dois gostariam de tornar-se produtores de plantas ornamentais e um buscava promover o comércio de plantas ornamentais. Alguns dos agricultores visitados apresentaram mais de um objetivo, todos atrelados às práticas de paisagismo e jardinagem. Conclui-se que as percepções paisagísticas dos espaços de convívio em comunidades rurais foram valorizadas após a inserção dos conhecimentos relacionados à educação ambiental, despertando a conscientização destes agricultores sobre a sustentabilidade do uso dos recursos naturais de suas propriedades de maneira harmônica com o ambiente.
Impactos socioambientais devidos à geração de energia elétrica de carvão mineral no Município de Figueira (Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil)
Authors: Silva Vinicius G. M. , Estanislau Fidéllis B. G. L. , Velasquez Carlos E.
Published: April 2021

Entre as várias fontes de geração de energia elétrica no mundo, as termoelétricas a carvão são as que mais contribuem para a oferta de energia elétrica, entretanto emitem grandes quantidades de poluentes na atmosfera. O presente estudo busca quantificar os danos à saúde devido às emissões dos poluentes produzidas na Termoelétrica a carvão mineral no Município de Figueira, localizada no Estado do Paraná, que tem capacidade de geração elétrica de 20 MW. Este estudo é realizado em duas áreas, no município de Figueira (25 km2) e englobando outros municípios nas proximidades (2.500 km2). Para calcular os impactos socioambientais ocasionados pelo funcionamento da usina, utiliza-se o SIMPACTS, que estima e quantifica os custos de danos ambientais e à saúde pelas emissões dos gases SOx, NOx e de material particulado, além de mostrar sua dispersão em torno da usina. Os danos para o Município de Figueira custam em média US$ 56,60/GWh, atingindo no ano de maior poluição um total de US$ 127,60/GWh. Levando em consideração a região no entorno (2.500 km2), a média dos custos dos impactos pela poluição aumenta para US$ 4.475,50/GWh, com um pico de US$ 17.675,30/GWh, em 2017. Os resultados evidenciam uma disparidade dos impactos entre os anos de maior e menor emissão de poluentes, podendo indicar que um controle rigoroso das emissões pode causar uma redução significativa nos mesmos.
Aulas práticas e produções artísticas como ferramentas de conscientização ambiental em cursos de graduação
Authors: Andrade Sidney Marcelo Victor de , Dias Victor Sacramento , Gomes Gabriella Agnes de Oliveira Pester , Viana Danielle de Lima , Oliveira Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de
Published: April 2021

Discussões acerca da conservação do meio ambiente têm sido frequentes nos últimos anos, consequentemente, os impactos ambientais gerados por resíduos sólidos estão sempre em pauta. As aulas práticas possuem extrema importância na conscientização ambiental dos discentes desde o ensino escolar até a graduação, incentivando a criatividade para minimizar os impactos supracitados. O presente artigo buscou desenvolver a conscientização ambiental de discentes de graduação em engenharia de pesca por meio de aulas práticas e produção artística. Os discentes foram separados em grupos e divididos em parcelas de 200 m cada. Em seguida, os alunos coletaram os resíduos presentes nas áreas, pesaram e separaram parte do material para produção de um quadro por meio de colagem. Foram coletados cerca de 21 kg de resíduos, sendo o vidro o mais pesado dentre eles, apesar disto, foi identificado que plásticos, tanto fragmentados quanto inteiros foram encontrados em maior quantidade. Nas telas as equipes buscaram representar diferentes ambientes marinhos e suas diversidades, criticaram a formação dos resíduos sólidos gerados pelo consumismo, os efeitos da pesca fantasma sobre espécies marinhas e os impactos antrópicos gerados pela atividade pesqueira. A pesquisa conseguiu alcançar o objetivo, incentivando a criatividade dos discentes em discutir assuntos importantes para o meio ambiente.
Avaliação do pH de polpas de frutas comercializadas no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Homero Perazzo , Lima Carolina Uchôa Guerra Barbosa de , Costa Amanda Justino , Barbosa Eduardo Uchôa Guerra , Sousa Layanna Carla Ferreira , César Marcela Carvalho , Santos Kagianny Meirele
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o pH de polpas de frutas congeladas de diferentes sabores e marcas, comercializadas no Município de João Pessoa, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Os sabores escolhidos foram de acerola (Malpighia emarginata Linnaeus), cajá (Spondias lutea Linnaeus), caju (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus), goiaba (Psidium guajava Linnaeus), graviola (Annona muricata Linnaeus) e morango (Fragaria spp.) de três marcas diferentes (X, Y e Z), com a finalidade de verificar a adequação aos padrões de identidade e de qualidade para polpas de frutas estipulados pela legislação brasileira. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), disposto em um arranjo fatorial 6 x 3, ou seja, seis níveis do fator sabores de polpa associados aos três níveis do fator marcas, com três repetições. Houve diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) entre as marcas e os sabores analisados. A maior média de pH foi obtida para a polpa de caju (3,67) e a menor para a polpa de cajá (2,65). Algumas amostras (caju, graviola e morango) apresentaram valores não condizentes com o estabelecido pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que estabelecem os parâmetros analíticos aos padrões de identidade e de qualidade para polpas de frutas.
As relações entre o bem-estar subjetivo e exercício físico: uma análise sobre os fatores psicoemocionais e percepção subjetiva dos praticantes em João Pessoa, Brasil
Authors: Alves Humberto da Nóbrega , Azeredo Luane Maria Melo de , López Luiz Carlos Serrano , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo foi investigar as relações entre bem estar e exercício físico de praticantes de exercícios físicos outdoor e indoor na cidade de João Pessoa/PB. Foram analisados os dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de exercício/repouso noturno, bem estar subjetivo (percepção subjetiva com o exercício e afetos/emoções positivas e negativas) em uma amostra de 300 pessoas praticantes de exercícios. Foi utilizado como modelo de análise linear o Critério de Informação Akaike (AIC), o teste t comparando as variáveis e o teste de correlação de Spearman no programa estatístico R, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). Os sujeitos entrevistados tinham idade entre 18 e 80 anos, com rendimento acima de um salário mínimo e maioria com ensino médio e superior completos. O exercício físico principal da maioria dos sujeitos era a caminhada e o exercício físico secundário não praticava outro exercício físico. Foi constatado pelo AIC uma correlação positiva entre bem estar e afetos positivos (t = 4,533; p < 0,001), com a ginástica aeróbica (t = 2,630; p < 0,01), com a conexão com a natureza (t = 3,325; p < 0,01) e correlação negativa com a fadiga (t = -5,005; p < 0,001); observou-se pelo teste t, diferenças significativas da fadiga psicológica pela percepção de experiência subjetiva com o exercício nos grupos outdoor e indoor (t = 5,42, gl = 278,70 e p = < 0,001) e bem estar subjetivo (t = -5,33, gl = 287,60 e p = < 0,001), também encontrando diferenças nos afetos/ emoções positivos (t = -5,47, gl = 298,00 e p < 0,001) e no afetos/emoções negativos (t = 2,82, gl = 293,46 e p = 0,005). Observou-se pelo teste de Spearman correlações negativas entre aflição e bem-estar (-0,267726), fadiga e bem-estar (-0,364809), afetos negativos e afetos positivos (-0,285141); já as correlações positivas foram entre fadiga e aflição (0,274839), afetos positivos e bem-estar (0,360622), afetos negativos e aflição (0,175612), afetos negativos e fadiga (0,227824). Os resultados encontrados apontam para uma relação significativa entre o bem estar e o exercício físico convergindo para uma melhoria de saúde e qualidade de vida da população.
Análise física e química de águas de coco, industrializadas e in natura, comercializadas no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Homero Perazzo , Lima Carolina Uchôa Guerra Barbosa de , Costa Amanda Justino , Cardoso Ana Luíza Nóbrega Freire Gaudêncio , Dias Paulo Victor Sarmento , Barbosa Eduardo Uchôa Guerra
Published: April 2021

O Brasil é um grande produtor e também apresenta significativo consumo de água de coco, que é uma bebida de elevado valor nutritivo. Este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar algumas características físicas e químicas (acidez total titulável (AT), açúcar total, pH, sólidos solúveis, densidade, bem como razão entre sólidos solúveis e acidez total titulável), em oito amostras de água de coco, comercializadas no Município de João Pessoa-PB, sendo seis industrializadas e duas in natura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando-se o teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Houve diferença significativa entre as amostras analisadas (P < 0,05) para todas as variáveis estudadas, exceto para a densidade. No entanto, os resultados das análises mostram que os produtos comercializados estão de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente para a água de coco.
Seismic hazard assessment for the underwater gas pipeline route in the water area of the Nevelskoy Strait
Authors: Kovachev S. A. , Krylov A. A.
Published: April 2021

The presence of seismic threat multiplies the environmental hazard, especially for oil and gas production and transport facilities in water areas. Currently, there are no normative maps of general seismic zoning of the water areas of the inland and marginal seas of Russia, especially since there are practically no maps of detailed seismic zoning and seismic microzoning of even individual parts of the water areas. Taking into account the fact that intensive development of offshore oil and gas fields and the Northern Sea Route has begun, the development of such maps becomes a very urgent scientific and practical task. The seismic hazard assessment for the submerged crossing was carried out in 2008. The initial seismic effects were calculated using a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on five models of seismic zones and three types of models of attenuation of peak and spectral accelerations. The results of the performed calculations, including deaggregation, have shown that the initial seismicity of the area of the gas pipeline crossing route through the Nevelskoy Strait for a return period of 1,000 years is lower than indicated on the OSR-2016-B map, where the eastern end of the crossing route through the strait is characterized by the initial seismicity equal to 9 points. The soil conditions (seismic microzoning) have been taken into account by three different methods: the seismic rigidity method, the calculation method, and the method considering the thickness of Quaternary deposits. The present studies show that seismic effects vary along the pipeline route from the mainland to Sakhalin Island from 8.4 to 8.9 on the MSK-64 scale for the recurrence period of seismic shaking T = 1,000 years and from 9.3 to 9.7 points for T = 5,000 years.
Peculiar features of the supracomplexes formation in the Keivy domain
Authors: Kozlov N. E. , Sorokhtin N. O. , Martynov E. V. , Marchuk T. S.
Published: April 2021

The Keivy domain (the northeastern part of the Arctic zone of the Fennoscandian Shield) during the period of the maximum manifestation of the Late Archean collisional processes was overlapped by tectonic allochthons of adjacent microcontinents thrust over it, submerged relative to other blocks of the continental crust, and acquired the features of a classical middle massif. In the process of studies that allow a detailed description of the formation of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure, it has been found that the formation processes of the Kola orogeny had a pronounced spatial and temporal zoning and impulsive character. The maximum degree of orogeny was experienced by the rock associations of the Murmansk domain, as a result of which terrigenous material transported from its mountain slopes prevailed in the metasedimentary complexes of the Keivy domain throughout the entire period of their formation. The substance removed from the Murmansk domain was more actively accumulated in the metasedimentary rocks of the Lebyazhinsky suite; then a regular attenuation was observed within all domains, but at the last stage of the formation of the section of the Keivy sedimentary strata, the structural-material complexes of the Murmansk domain again begin to degrade more actively. A detailed study of the compositional features of the supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure refutes the currently emerging point of view on the coeval formation of alkaline granites and felsic metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite. It can be argued with a high degree of probability that the rocks used to draw this conclusion (for which the age of 2.678 ± 7 Ma) is not typical of the supracrustal section of the metavolcanics of the Lebyazhinsky suite and are metasomatites.
Comparison of isotope data obtained with Sm-Nd and Re-Os methods for minerals and rocks from the Ozernoe ore occurrence, Salla-Kuolajarvi belt
Authors: Kalinin A. A. , Kaulina T. V. , Serov P. A.
Published: April 2021

Sm-Nd isochrone, drawn for rock-forming and sulfide minerals from the Ozernoe ore occurrence, indicates albitite age of 1,759 ± 11 Ma. It shows synchronous formation of albitite and sulfide mineralization, and fully corresponds to the earlier defined age of rutile in albitite (1,757 ± 7 Ma U-Pb, n = 3, MSWD = 0.2), and Rb-Sr isochrone age 1,754 ± 39 Ma for biotite, apatite, albite, and WR. Recently published Re-Os ages of molybdenite 1,872 ± 23 Ma and chalcopyrite 1,891 ± 230 Ma indicate more ancient age of sulfide mineralization. These figures are in conflict with the age of rock-forming minerals, defined with Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr methods. The possibility of use of molybdenite from the Salla-Kuolajarvi belt for rock dating has been considered, and low reliability of Re-Os method for it has been shown. The reasons are the following: 1) extremely uneven distribution of Re in molybdenite, where Re content varies 1 wt.% even within one and the same grain, and 2) openness of the Re-Os system after molybdenite crystallization, Re is mobylized and partly removed from the mineral in the zone of hypergenesis. Removal of Re from molybdenite promotes erroneous ancient age of the molybdenite. According to the equations of radioactive decay, the age would be 110-130 Ma bigger if 5-6 % of Re is taken away. The conclusion is that molybdenite must be studied in detail, proved to be homogenous and unaltered, before it is used for Re-Os dating. In the other case the results will be not reliable.
Registration of avalanches in the Khibiny Mountains by the geophysical methods
Authors: Fedorov I. S. , Fedorov A. V. , Asming V. E.
Published: April 2021

In the winter months of 2018-2020 the Kola Branch of the Unified Geophysical Service RAS conducted experiments on the joint registration of avalanches in the Khibiny mountain range using seismic and infrasonic sensors during work on the forced descent of the snow mass. The aim of the experiments is to assess the possibility of avalanche detection using the geophysical methods. The lack of representative statistics on the frequency and regularity of avalanches is the reason for the relevance of developing methods of their remote registration. The difficulty of registering avalanches is due to their occurrence often in hard-to-reach areas and in poor visibility conditions. To record signals generated by avalanches, different configurations of infrasound panels consisting of three spatially separated sensors (MPA 201 or Hyperion IFS-4000 microbarographs) and a portable seismic station Guralp CMG-6TD were used. As a result of the experiments, infrasound recordings were obtained at different distances from the avalanche source. The infrasound group recordings collected from the experiments were processed using an automatic detector implementing amplitude and cross-correlation signal detection methods. The spectral composition of the recordings and their characteristic appearance were analyzed. Avalanche-induced signals are characterized by long duration and changes in azimuth to the source. The dominant frequencies of the signal lie in the region of 1-10 Hz. Conclusions are made about the insufficient sensitivity of the seismic method when the seismometer is located at a distance of the first kilometers from the avalanche source, as well as the high applicability of the infrasound method for recording the facts of avalanches. The results obtained will make it possible to develop a methodology for automatic detection of signals generated by avalanches using the data of infrasound registration. This is the necessary basis for building a system for continuous monitoring of avalanche activity.
Sulfur isotope signatures of sulfides from the Khibina and Lovozero massifs (Kola Alkaline Province, Fennoscandian Shield)
Authors: Huber M. V. , Mokrushin A. V.
Published: April 2021

The sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic massifs provides an opportunity to understand the role of plume-lithosphere interaction processes responsible for the Paleozoic alkaline igneous activity in the north-eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The stable sulfur isotope δS analysis using triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) has been carried out on the pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite from nepheline syenites. The δS values for pentlandite from Khibina rocks range from +0.69 to +2.06 ‰ relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troillite standard (VCDT), and the pyrite has significantly higher δS values up to +4.92 ‰ VCDT. The pentlandite from the Lovozero samples has value +1.48 ‰ VCDT, δS values of chalcopyrite is +2.85 ‰ VCDT. The maximum positive δS values are obtained for Lovozero pyrite, which vary from +5.41 to +6.30 ‰ VCDT. Comparison of sulfur-geochemical features of Khibina and Lovozero nepheline syenite with δS data for the carbonatites from the Khibina, Sallanlatvi, Seblyavr, Vuoriyarvi, Salmagora and Kovdor massifs show later carbonatite formation relatively to associated alkaline rocks. Geochemical sulfur isotope δS investigations emphasizes that parental magmas of the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs were derived from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We suggest that high-δS signature on the SCLM (δS of +1 to +6 ‰ VCDT) can be explained by subduction of the high-δS Archaean crust.
Chemical amelioration of nepheline sands using sewage sludge from a regional wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Gorbacheva T. T. , Lusis A. V. , Ivanova L. A.
Published: April 2021

The studies on the use of municipal wastewater sludge as an unconventional chemical ameliorant with a fertilizing effect were carried out on ore dressing waste ("tailings") of the apatite-nepheline plant ANOF-2 KF JSC "Apatit" with a predominance of nepheline sands in their composition. The tailings dump is included in the list of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the region, but due to its rich mineral composition, it is recognized as a technogenic deposit subject to conservation for the prospect of obtaining apatite, nepheline, sphene, aegirine and titanomagnetite concentrates. In the work, the method of phytotesting of soil irrigated with unfiltered rainwater with fragmentary application of sewage sludge of a regional wastewater treatment plant enterprise has been applied. The experiments have been carried out on a single-species seed recommended for reclamation of disturbed territories in the northern regions. During the formation of a sown phytocenosis from meadow timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) on nepheline sands, the stimulating effect of sewage sludge on the nutrient regime of the soil is confirmed. After phytoextraction (at the end of the experiment), it retains a high residual pool of basic nutrients (N, P, K), which indicates a prolonged action of sewage sludge. To confirm the effect obtained in laboratory conditions, a field experiment has been laid at the ANOF-2 reserve tailing dump in 2019, observations are continuing.
Assessment of the green spaces' state in the impact zone of the Pechenganikel smelter, the Murmansk region
Authors: Isaeva L. G. , Sukhareva T. A.
Published: April 2021

The study of the state of green spaces in urbanized areas is important due to their sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic role in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic. The objects of research were the green spaces of the urban-type settlement Nikel (the Murmansk region). The assessment of the distribution of tree and shrub species by categories of life state was carried out; revealed damage to leaves by atmospheric emissions, insects and fungi. A high degree of damage from pollution was noted in birch, mountain ash and bird cherry; aspen up to 85 % damaged by aphids; mechanical damage to the trunks was noted in about 26 % of the surveyed trees; 5 % of trees have frost cracks in the trunk. In the course of a comparative assessment of the chemical composition of birch leaves growing in the urbanized territory of Nikel and in forest ecosystems along the gradient of atmospheric pollution in the impact zone of the Pechenganikel plant, it was found that the concentrations of pollutants in birch leaves in technologically disturbed areas exceed background values. Birch leaves in the southern direction from the plant accumulate higher concentrations of Ni, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe than in the western and northern directions. In 2019, the concentrations of heavy metals in birch leaves increased compared to the previous study period (2004). In the urban area, the content of pollutants exceeds not only the values of the regional background, but also the levels identified in forest ecosystems along the gradient of atmospheric pollution. Concentration coefficients Cc show abnormally high values for Ni, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe; the maximum Cc values are noted for Ni and Co.
BERARSITEKTUR ERA KINI: ANTARA LIVING WITH NATURE DAN LIVING WITHIN NATURE
Authors: Meiliyandari Lutvi Arnila , Khofifah Nabila , Kafin Asifa Ulima , Zahroh Fatimatuz , Hidayat Anas
Published: April 2021

Title: Current Architecture: Between Living with Nature and Living Within Nature
Architecture is the answer to human needs on shelter, from the basic structure copying the structure concept in nature to more complex buildings that can be in harmony or in contrast with the surroundings. Nature and architecture are two distinct but related things, mutually affecting their existence. The two paradigms of architecture; modern and post-modern, have their own views about them. Based on those paradigms, architect must select the position where they and their creations belong. With the case studies of architecture in Indonesia, this paper aims at exploring architects’ points of view about nature and site’s coverage and demanding architects not merely to take sides with human being. Using data collection and descriptive method, this paper will provide overview of which architectural paradigm is better with more attention to the nature and the site’s coverage. Even though the architectures presented in this study are built in contemporary era, their paradigms about nature are different. Some use the paradigm of living with nature, and others use the paradigm of living within nature.
Use of GIS in Decision Making for Geotechnical Investigation
Authors: Khan Farhan Rafique , Das Bhumika , Mishra R.K
Published: April 2021

Geological Information System (GIS) is a tool which is used in different Areas to subside the human effort. The GIS was earlier developed to maintain the geological data of earth, but during the time GIS is used in different areas for research. The purpose of the study is to utilize GIS technique in the field of geotechnical engineering in different work like preliminary survey, availability of digitize Soil data of location, topographic survey. Due to availability of GIS, data can easily digitize according to the geographical coordinates. The satellite imageries of Nagpur city are collected from Earth Explorer a digital platform for researchers to access the satellite images of any Location. This satellite images are Landsat 7 ETM+, these images are later used to form composite image to develop Landuse Landcover map.
Hybrid Blue-Green Infrastructure: Feasibility Study for the State of Maharashtra; India
Authors: Rushikesh Satpute , Kanchan Khare
Published: April 2021

In India, the 2019 monsoon season arrived very late and heavy, following a severe heatwave. This year's monsoons have brought the highest amount of rain in 25 years and with unprecedented spatial variability. In some districts of Maharashtra, higher-than-average rainfall caused massive flooding, which resulted in the submergence of 2 lakh hectares. Whereas remaining states saw the continued drought conditions from monsoon 2018. This unusual monsoon behaviour is considered an example of the impact of climate change and is expected to intensify and worsen over time. The combination of drought followed by heavy rainfall increases the risk of massive flooding, influence on natural and man-made systems, including infrastructure and agricultural production in flooded and dry regions. Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is an interconnected network of natural and anthropogenic components, including water bodies and green and open spaces, like bio-retention cells, rain barrels, infiltration trenches, and vegetation swales.
A Positive Response to Urban Ecological Aspects Around an Urban Pond Through Urban Design Guidelines
Authors: Shaji Lakshmi S
Published: April 2021

Cities are growing at a phenomenal pace and the speed has created a huge gap between the urban dwellers and nature. Though development of cities are driven by many economic factors and ecological driving factors are acknowledged in recent times, water resources still lack importance. The significance of urban water bodies are mainly in two ways: one is to help the survival of the water dependent ecosystem and landscape and the other is to recharge the water beneath the ground. Since ancient times water had a great role in human culture in many ways through rituals and lifestyle, especially in India. Creating huge man made reservoirs, for agriculture and day to day uses. Unfortunately, in recent times anthropogenic activities have created the worst phase of degradation of natural resources and mainly water. So as an urban designer there is a great social responsibility and commitment for building up a better and healthy city have a key role in integrating such natural resources positively with the newly heading urbanized world.In this study an attempt to make a qualitative analysis of the current scenario of urban ponds in Trivandrum has been made.
Study of Risk Management in EPC Contracts in Highway Constructions: A Case Study of Kollam and Alappuzha Bypas
Authors: S Sayiba , Nayar Seema K
Published: April 2021

An efficient project delivery method is the key factor for any venture. For rapidly growing constructions, an effective mode of contracting is needed. When compared with other modes of contracts, EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) contracts have better risk allocation, fixed cost and fixed time. Governments also prefer contracting modes with less risks to them, and EPC is one among them. From review of literature, it has been found that EPC contracts are being extensively used in highway constructions. In Kerala, two prestigious projects, Kollam and Alappuzha bypass, have been done in the EPC mode. For the two bypass projects, risk identification, analysis, assessment and treatment strategies adopted are studied. Direct interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted on the project personnel.
A Review on Seismic Behaviour of Coupled Wall Structures
Authors: Philip Anu , M. A Bushra
Published: April 2021

Increase in population density and shortage of land are the two major problems in all developing countries including India. To mitigate these problems, the designers resort to high rise building. One of the most important criteria for designing a structural system is its resistance to lateral loads. Coupled walls structures is considered to be one of the potential option for resisting lateral loads in high-rise structure and have widely been used around the world in multi-story buildings. Coupled walls, mainly consist of pier walls which are connected by coupling beams at each floor level. These systems are typically located in the service core and sometimes on the perimeter of the buildings. The main benefit of coupled wall over cantilever walls are, a part of the total overturning moment is resisted by coupling action and there is energy dissipation along the height of the structure through the formation of plastic hinges at both ends of the coupling beams. The present work reviews different factors influencing the seismic performance of coupled wall structural system, importance of coupling ratio, different modeling techniques, a comparative study on different coupled wall systems and a brief overview of design methodologies. Considering structural performance, energy absorption capacity and higher shear stiffness to limit lateral deformation, coupled wall structures were considered to be efficient and economical structural system in high-rise building.
Effect of alkali content and slag content on the fresh and hardened properties of air-cured alkali activated mortar containing fly ash
Authors: Raju Thushara , S Namitha , Nabil K Muhammed , Rafeeque N. V Mohammed , Sundhar Reshma , K. P Ramaswamy , B Saraswathy
Published: April 2021

Alkali Activated Material (AAM) is introduced as a pioneering construction material in the construction diligence to trim down the utilization of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and to curtail the amount of carbon dioxide released during the production of OPC. Modestly refined industrial by products or natural materials rich in alumino silicates are the binding agents used in AAM. Generally, heat curing is needed for the alkali activated mortar to achieve the required hardened properties and this difficulty can be overcome by adding slag to the mix. In this experimental analysis, the alkali activated mortar mixes with different proportions of glassy granulated slag and Class F fly ash were prepared without the usage of superplasticizers, with alkali to binder (a/b) ratios of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The rheological characteristics of mortar were studied using flow table apparatus and hardened properties were studied using compressive strength test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test by testing cylindrical specimens of size 25 mm diameter and 50 mm height. The mortar specimens were air-cured, and the compressive strength and UPV test were conducted after 3 and 7 days. The test results showed that due to the presence of higher alkali content and the decrease in slag content, the workability of alkali activated mortar was improved, but the measure of strength decreased. The mix with 100% slag and a/b ratio of 0.8 had the best UPV value, indicating its quality among the various mortar mixes studied. This study portrays the significance of optimising the alkali and slag content in tailor making an alkali activated mortar system with good hardened properties.
Design of A Sustainable Flood Resistant Structure for Rebuilding Resilient Kerala Post Floods
Authors: Hashim Sahana , Sirajuddin M
Published: April 2021

As natural disasters are growing in frequency and severity, strategies to mitigate and minimize the impact of natural hazards must be implemented, particularly in the housing sector, as it is a key aspect of human life. This paper focuses on floods since they are proven to be the most prevalent of all natural disasters and this particular issue should be discussed. Owing to the importance of sheltering affected communities, resilient accommodation is not usually discussed. Houses, however, become fragile and are likely to be damaged or demolished in potential natural hazard events by neglecting the risks of exposure in building. That said, when it comes to housing, it becomes important to have resilience requirements, which in turn would allow new homes to better withstand the passage of time and natural disasters, in the safest way possible. In order to define guiding principles that flood-resilient housing should address, an in-depth analysis of permanent housing has been carried out by researching the different ways flood events impact housing. In addition, it is important to distinguish between flood zones because, according to expected flood characteristics, housing can respond to and resist flooding. This paper includes the review of different flood-resistant housing schemes and identifies the most effective design factors and proposes a new plan for resilient housing. Through this analysis, the housing plan is well within the limits of sustainability and addresses the problems of flood-related housing concerns in the most appropriate manner. The results of this study would be very beneficial for individuals living in areas impacted by the floods
A Review and Laboratory Trials on the Development of Geopolymer Mortar from Ceramic Waste
Authors: Michal Amala , Binoy Sneha , Mohan Akshay , A Alisha , K. P. Ramaswamy
Published: April 2021

Concrete as a construction material, has been used and is still the most widely used material in the construction industry due to the easiness, its versatility, and the various advantages it has. But due to the massive use, concrete currently accounts for about eight percent of the carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere, making it a major contributor to the climate crisis. The use of new materials has always been a challenge and a topic of vast inquisitiveness in the construction industry. Materials providing an improvement and conformance to increasing technical and ecological requirements play a crucial role in the sustainable development of resource- and energy-intensive cements and concretes. Over the past decades, an extensive resource base of natural and technogenic materials has been established for alkali-activated materials (AAMs) and is being continuously expanded with the rapid development of the alkali-activation theory and technology and the ongoing studies of many research groups around the world. In the ceramic industry, about 15-20 percent waste material is generated from total production and as of now there are no measures taken to recycle this waste or to utilise this effectively. The ceramic waste is also durable, hard and resistant to physical, chemical and biological factors. Combining all these factors and the idea of sustainability and AAM, the replacement of cement completely by ceramic waste appears to be a novel idea. Hence, this paper reviews the developments and possibility of using the ceramic waste as a binder material to form a geopolymer system. Preliminary laboratory trials made in this direction are also presented in the paper.
Railbus from Edappally Railway Station to Vallarpadam Container Terminal
Authors: James Jiza , Joseph Joseena , Sebastian Angel
Published: April 2021

With the increase in population tremendously there is an increase in demand for public transportation. There exists an 8.5 km broad gauge line from Edappally railway station to Vallarpadam Goods Terminal which is presently underutilized (utilization is less than 10% only) and Kerala Rail Development Corporation Limited wants to explore the feasibility of providing passenger Rail Bus connectivity to this Vallarpadam station. This project proposes to run a 2-3 car railbus from Edappally Railway station to Vallarpadam Terminal over the underutilized rail connectivity to International Container Transhipment Terminal, Kochi. Study of routes covered by bus transport is carried out. Based on the location of stations and the density of commuters at that station, the study is carried out. Two intermediate halt stations are also proposed at Chittoor road and Mulavukad and they are well placed to accommodate the traffic needs. The principal benefit of the project would be that it provides a faster and cheaper transport between Edappally and Vallarpadam without entering the busy Ernakulam city limits.
Analytical Study on Seismic Performance of Aluminium Sandwich Shear Wall with Different Core Shapes
Authors: Mathew Alka Susan , Mohan Regi P.
Published: April 2021

Shear walls are efficient monotonic load resisting systems in high rise or super high rise framed structures and hence are the most critical elements in seismic design. This paper focus on application of Aluminium sandwich shear walls (ASSW) consist of aluminium panels as top and bottom plates and aluminium core to serve as seismic protection system. ASSW have the advantage that these are light weight systems with high stiffness to weight ratio and bending strength. These could well replace steel shear walls which are having more structural weight. This paper presents analytical analysis of performance of ASSW under monotonic and seismic loading using ANSYS software. Sandwich shear wall models were first simulated, verified and analysis was carried out. The response of aluminum sandwich shear wall with two different core shapes or configurations are studied to obtain optimum core shape or configuration for maximum load bearing capacity. Then full scale monotonic and cyclic tests were conducted on aluminium sandwich shear wall with optimum core shapes or configurations. The obtained results allow useful information for the selection of aluminium sandwich shear wall in the seismic design of framed structures.
Pedestrian Flow and Capacity Analysis at Railway Stations
Authors: S Archana , P Parthiban , Mathew Samson
Published: April 2021

Enormous growth of population has been observed in recent years and the number of passengers is traveling by the Indian railway has been increased significantly during the pilgrim season due to rapid urbanization. Pedestrian traffic is an important aspect of traffic handled by the Indian railways, because of competitive tariffs with other modes of transports, the comfort of travel, and speed of connectivity. The present study is carried out in the Kerala state railway stations under the categories of A1(NSG2), and A (NSG3) which has the highest annual passenger of boarding and alighting are recorded. Pedestrian flows are taken with the help of recorded video graphic footage on the railway station premises. The studies carried out in the pedestrian parameters and estimate the capacity of pedestrian flow involve a variety of pedestrians such as era, sexuality, belongings carried by the pedestrian, schedule of a train as well at entry and exit passageway of stairways with the help of Indo-HCM 2017 and NFPA 130, 2020 also to analyses the level of service of a pedestrian with the fundamental diagrams of the pedestrian flow vs speed, speed vs density, flow vs density, and space vs speed are developed. The discoveries of this study are expected to be fruitful for civic bodies, railway protection force, policymakers, the public, and other stakeholders to design a solution working on the idea of world elegance railway stations.