bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Relationship between Occupational Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Nurses
Authors: SABERINIA Amin , ABDOLSHAHI Anna , KHALEGHI Saeed , MORADI Yaser , JAFARIZADEH Hossein , SADEGHI MOGHADDAM Ali , AMINIZADEH Mohsen , RAEI Mehdi , KHAMMAR Alireza , POURSADEQIAN Mohsen
Published: November 2020

Background: One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60-179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used.
Results: Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters.
Conclusion: High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses.
The Public Health Implications of China’s Travel Ban for Smoking on Trains
Authors: ZHAO Minxing
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
The Difference between the Population Attributable Risk (PAR) and the Potentioal Impact Fraction (PIF)
Authors: ASKARI Maryam , NAMAYANDEH Seyedeh Mahdieh
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
How Should We Prepare Ourselves for New Normal Related to Stopped Competitions? Public Health and Athletes
Authors: MEMARI Amirhossein , SHARIAT Ardalan , CLELAND Joshua A.
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Social Health and COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: FARHUD Dariush D.
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on Loneliness Feeling in the Seniors Present at Nursing Homes
Authors: Ramazani Batol , Bakhtiari Foroogh
Published: November 2020

Background: Moving away from family can cause psychological and emotional trauma for the elderly. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on loneliness feeling among the elderly in a nursing home in Isfahan.
Methods: The method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population of this study included all of the elderly in Sadeghieh nursing home in Isfahan in 2018. The sample of this study included 30 elderly people being selected by purposive sampling and then randomly included in the experimental and control groups (15 elderly people in each group). The experimental group received the therapeutic interventions related to spiritual therapy at eight sessions of 90 minutes every week for two months. Then, the subjects in both groups were re-tested. The used instruments included Russell’s loneliness questionnaire (1996). After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS23 statistical software at 0.05 error level.
Results: spiritual therapy had a significant effect on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home (p < 0.001). In this regard, this therapy could reduce loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home. The effect of spiritual therapy on loneliness among the elderly in the nursing home was 53%.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, spiritual therapy can reduce loneliness among the elderly by the techniques such as taking responsibility, assigning cases to God, strengthening the intention, and deleting negative thoughts.
Community Participation and Empowerment in Healthy Cities Initiative: Experience from the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Mohamed Nazar , Elfeky Samar , Khashoggi Mohamed , Ibrahim Sarah , Aliahia Amaal , Al Shatti Ahmad , El-Ziq Ibrahim , Alhindi Bushra
Published: November 2020

Background: The healthy city concept has been widely accepted globally and has been established in all six World Health Organization (WHO) Regions. Community involvement, empowerment, and leadership are embedded core principles in the Healthy Cities initiative and pillars to achieve the health and health-related sustainable development goals. This article aimed to present the findings of the recent evaluation of eleven healthy cities in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
Methods: The descriptive comparative evaluation was based on the WHO/EMRO healthy city 80 indicators. It included eleven cities (Al-Dariyah, Jalajil, Al-Jamoum, Unaiza, Riyadh Alkhubra, Sharoura, Al-Madina, Al-Taif, and Al-Mundaq in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Al-Yarmouk in Kuwait, and Manama in Bahrain).
Results: The findings revealed that eleven cities were peculiar in demonstrating community involvement, empowerment, and leadership in real terms. All had well mechanisms for communities to voice themselves and participate in decision-making, assessing the needs, setting priorities, planning better for their cities, and monitoring. The community engagement was based on voluntarism with a high sense of loyalty. It has been well demonstrated in community organizations like women and youth groups, health volunteers, community-based organizations, and others.
Conclusion: Although community participation and empowerment remain at the heart of the healthy cities initiative, to be meaningful, the government-related sectors must foresee this as an integral part of long-term strategic development. Moreover, a paradigm shift towards a more integrated approach to promote health, well-being, accelerate the achievement of health-related sustainable development goals, and reduce health inequities in urban settings requires multi-stakeholder collaboration, including public, private, and community civil societies.
Comparing Executive Functions in Normal and Diabetic Children in the City of Isfahan
Authors: Shokrekhodaei Niloofar Sadat , Yousefi Zahra
Published: November 2020

Background: The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes damages the children's psychological, cognitive, communicational, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare executive functions in normal and diabetic children.
Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population included healthy and sick children in 2019 in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study included diabetic children and 150 healthy children who were selected through convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires were the executive functions. The data from the study were analyzed through t method.
Results: There is a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy ones in the variable of executive functions (p < 0.001). In a way that diabetic children got lower mean scores in executive functions. The mean scores of executive functions of children with diabetes were 233.63 and the mean scores of non-children with diabetes were 192.64.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that diabetes causes the decrease of executive functions due to being chronic and this process emphasizes the necessity of applying child-oriented psychological interventions for these people.
Emotion Suspension: Emotional Experience of Cancer Patients
Authors: Afrasiabi Hossein , Barzideh Kasra
Published: November 2020

Background: People and communities answer to cancer, like other diseases, due to their cultures, norms, and values. At the personal and family level, the unfamiliarity of the disease can cause many issues for a person. These conditions alter the patient's daily functions, roles, and emotions. Efforts to manage emotions and form behaviors become processes of bonding between the disease's body and social experiences. The aim of this research was to explore the emotions of cancer patients by discovering their meaning and interpretation.
Methods: This research was handled in a qualitative approach utilizing the grounded theory method. Semi-structured interviews were done with 17 cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants were chosen by the purposive sampling method (snowball), and the data provided from the interview after implementation were analyzed by the theoretical coding method.
Results: The findings constructed in 5 main categories including: helplessness in notification, expectation of continuous empathy, admission delay, desire for emotional retrieval and social distress. At last, "suspense of emotions" was constructed as the major phenomenon that was experienced by cancer patients.
Conclusion: Due to the findings of the research, patients' confusion in the face of cancer and their special conditions creates a sort of coping with the situation which prevents the achievement of stability and early concepts, and until reaching relatively established conditions, the patient and those close to them are suspended for some time. This condition puts their emotions in a volatile situation, which brings the experience of suspending emotions.
Relationship Between Performance Intelligence Quotient and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Das Mahashweta , Ghosh Chiranjib
Published: November 2020

Generally, it may be expected that physical characteristics such as brain size, height, weight, gender and body mass index (BMI) can be associated with the performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) score. The current report examines the relationship between PIQ and physical characteristics such as brain size, height, weight, gender and BMI based on a real data set. It is derived herein that PIQ is non-constant variance random variable, and its mean is positively associated with brain size (P=0.0002) and negatively associated with height (P=0.0046). Variance of PIQ is negatively partially associated with brain size (P=0.0903). It is also independent of weight, BMI and gender. PIQ is higher for the individuals with larger brain size, shorter height and irrespective of gender, body weight and BMI.
The Role of Intelligence and Research in Promoting Taxpayer Base and Behaviour
Authors: Chisa Dike Dr. Samuel
Published: November 2020

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging field that should be encouraged because of the enormous benefits it has to offer. In the world today, Artificial Intelligence is being introduced in practically every aspect of society and taxation is not exempt. The benefits of applying Artificial Intelligence to taxation cannot be over emphasised. Its application will guarantee accuracy, reliability, and sustainable revenue generation to the extent of positively influencing taxpayer behaviour. For instance, issues such as multiple taxation and incomplete taxpayer data can easily be resolved by the application of Artificial Intelligence with the effect of an improvement in the confidence of the taxpayer. Unfortunately, the Nigerian tax structure is still grappling with the primitive measures set by the taxing authorities regardless of the enormous potential and advancements in the digital world. The object of this paper is to discuss the potentials of artificial intelligence in taxation and how marketing research can aid in determining where it is well needed.
Апротинин — эффективный мультитаргетный препарат для комбинированной терапии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 средней степени тяжести
Authors: Иващенко Андрей , Азарова Валерия , Егорова Алина , Карапетян Рубен , Кравченко Дмитрий , Кривонос Наталья , Логинов Владимир , Поярков Станислав , Меркулова Елена , Росинкова Ольга , Савчук Николай , Топр Михаил , Симакина Елена , Якубова Елена , Иващенко Александр
Published: November 2020

Основные сведения: Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 — это инфекционное мультисистемное воспалительное заболевание, вызванное тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом вследствие инфицирования коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, которое не имеет специфического лечения. Нами была изучена эффективность комбинаций препаратов Апротинин (неспецифический ингибитор сериновых протеаз) и Авифавир или Гидроксихлорохин (HCQ) в лечении новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19.

Методы: Три проспективных одноцентровых (когорты 1–3) исследования включали участников с пневмонией средней степени тяжести, связанной с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, у которых наличие SARS-CoV-2 подтверждено результатами лабораторных исследований и которые были госпитализированы. Пациенты получали комбинации препаратов Апротинин внутривенно (в/в) (1000000 КИЕ ежедневно, в течение 3 дней) и Гидроксихлорохин (HCQ) (когорта 1), ингаляцию препаратом Апротинин (625 КИЕ 4 раза в сутки, в течение 5 дней) и HCQ (когорта 2) или терапию препаратами Апротинин в/в (1000000 КИЕ ежедневно, в течение 5 дней) и Авифавир (когорта 3).

Результаты: В когортах 1–3 комбинированная терапия показала 100%-ю эффективность в предотвращении перевода пациентов (n = 30) в отделение интенсивной терапии (ОИТ). Эффект комбинированной терапии в когорте 3 был наиболее выраженным, и медиана времени до выведения SARS-CoV-2 составила 3,5 дня (МКР 3,0–4,0), нормализации уровня СРБ составила 3,5 дня (МКР 3–5), концентрации D-димера — 5 дней (МКР 4–5); температуры тела — 1 день (МКР 1–3), улучшения клинического статуса или выписки из больницы — 5 дней (МКР 5–5), уменьшение поражения легких у пациентов на 14й день — 100 %.

Интерпретация: Применение комбинаций с препаратом Апротинин сопровождалось сокращением количества пациентов с COVID-19 средней степени тяжести в отделениях интенсивной терапии для искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ) или неинвазивной вентиляции легких (НИВЛ) и сокращением их пребывания в больнице.
FANTASTIC FUNGI AROUND US: A CASE STUDY OF IPB UNIVERSITY CAMPUS FOREST
Authors: Putra Ivan Permana , Amelya Mega Putri , Veronica Septina , Kurnianto Muhammad Sholeh
Published: November 2020

Campus forest is the area of education and conservation at IPB University. The preliminary study proved that the area stores high biodiversity, including macroscopic fungi, which have not been well recorded. This study aimed to inventory the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the IPB University campus forest (IPBUCF) to be used as media for mycology course practice and optimize the future's mushroom potential. The results showed 18 mushroom species divided into two divisions, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Basidiomycota consist of: Agaricus sp., Amanita sp., Amauroderma sp., Conocybe sp., Crinipellis sp., Gymnopus sp., Hypholoma sp., Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Naucoria sp., Pluteus sp. 1, Pluteus sp. 2, Pholiota sp., Ramaria sp., Rigidoporus sp., and Russula sp. Ascomycota members were divided into two classes, namely Pezizomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. The identification results confirmed the existence of Cookeina cf. tricholoma and Onygena sp. In this paper, we explained how to describe mushrooms for identification using macroscopic features.
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TOWARDS SCIENCE LITERATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Roosyanti Anna
Published: November 2020

This research aims to investigate the effects of Project-Based Learning towards Science Literation of Elementary School Students. Students on fifth-A grade and fifth-B grade Ma'arif Al-Fattah Elementary School Surabaya in the academic year 2018-2019 conducted this research, with fifth-A grade population as the control class and fifth-B grade population as the experimental class. This research is quantitative research with a Paired Sample T-test analysis, where the independent variable is Project-Based Learning and students' Science Literacy skills as a dependent variable. Data analysis shows that t arithmetic t table is 21,308 1,705, so rejected Ho and accepted Ha. Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 0.05, so rejected Ho and accepted Ha. This research concludes that there is a significant effect of Project-Based Learning on elementary school students' scientific literacy skills.
THE CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ABILITY OF SCIENCE TEACHER CANDIDATES: THE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fitriyah Lina Arifah , Hayati Nur , Wijayadi Andri Wahyu
Published: November 2020

In the teaching and learning process, an educator must be creative and can use engaging learning media. Learning media is expected to be able to help educators to deliver the subject matter well. Therefore, an educator (teacher) must have the minimum skills, proficiency, and expertise that meet specific standards and competencies. One of the gifts is content knowledge. Content Knowledge (CK) is the initial ability of an educator that should be mastered in mastering learning material (understanding of material concepts). To master the ability of good content knowledge in science teacher candidates, one can see from the students' ability to create and compile learning media. This study aims to: determine (1) the ability of content knowledge of science teacher candidates in making learning media based on indicators, and (2) the significance of content knowledge of science teacher candidates in making learning media. The research method used is a quantitative description. The research subjects were 15 students of the Science Education Study Program in the academic year 2018. The research instrument used was the content knowledge assessment sheet. The results showed that: (a) the ease of media used 75.73% (good category), the suitability of the media with the characteristics of students 77.53% (good), the accuracy of the media with the material and learning objectives 73% (good), and the attractiveness of the media 80.67 % (well). It also showed that (b) there is a significant difference in students' content knowledge in making learning media with significant value (2-tailed) 0,05, which is 0,000.
DISTANCE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: STRENGTHENING OF CHARACTER, PRODUCTIVITY, AND STEM COMPETENCY
Authors: Rochman Chaerul , Nasrudin Didin , Rokayah Rokayah , Mulyani Sri , Pertiwi Catherien Suci Ramdhini , Ginanjar Ginanjar
Published: November 2020

This study aims to reveal the impact of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) competence, productivity, and students' character. This research uses mixed methods. The questionnaire instrument consists of STEM components, Learning Products, and character profiles obtained from Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Junior High Schools, and Senior High Schools in Jakarta and Bandung. Furthermore, the data were analyzed, and it was concluded that the performance of all the variables studied had varying degrees. Besides, STEM literacy skills are closely related to learning productivity and character building of students at all levels of education. Therefore, distance learning after the Covid-19 pandemic needs to be planned well and considers the level of STEM literacy and character content clarity.
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Aspek Pendapatan, Konsumsi, dan Tabungan Studi Kasus di DesaTonjung Kecamatan Burneh Kabupaten Bangkalan Arita Suryandari, Eni Sri Rahayuningsih
Authors: Suryandari Arita , Rahayuningsih Eni Sri
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tiga aspek strategi bertahan hidup ekonomi rumah tangga petani padi, yaitu: pendapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Analisis menggunakan teori dan hasil penelitian tentang strategi bertahan hidup, pendapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani padi rendah atau tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Dalam rangka bertahan hidup, petani mempunyai strategi yang meliputi tiga aspek, yaitu: (1) aspek pendapatan dengan cara efisiensi biaya produksi usaha tani, mencari sumber pendapatan lain, dan mencari pinjaman dari jaringan sosial yang dimiliki; (2) aspek konsumsi dengan cara efisiensi biaya hidup, menggunakan sebagian hasil panen padi untuk di konsumsi sendiri, memanfaatkan lahan kebun di sekitar rumah untuk menanam sayur atau beternak unggas, mengatur kombinasi konsumsi pangan dan non pangan, memanfaatkan jaringan sosial untuk saling membantu keperluan konsumsi; dan (3) aspek tabungan dengan cara memelihara hewan ternak, membeli perhiasan, dan menabung di bank. Tabungan dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan, bukan oleh bunga.  Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah rendahnya pendapatan usaha tani padi dan adanya kemampuan petani untuk melakukan strategi bertahan hidup dari aspek pedapatan, konsumsi, dan tabungan. Sehingga direkomendasikan kepada pemerintah untuk memfasilitasi upaya petani dalam meningkatkan pendapatan usaha tani melalui input, proses produksi, output dan pemasaran.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi dan Pengembangan Usaha Damar Keripik
Authors: Yulyantari Luh Made , Prayoga I Gede Putu Adhitya
Published: November 2020

Keripik kacang merupakan salah satu produksi industri rumah tangga makanan ringan yang sangat familiar dan banyak terdapat di pasaran. Salah satu industri rumah tangga atau Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang bergerak di bidang tersebut adalah Damar Keripik. Damar Keripik hanya memiliki satu jenis variasi produk yang dijual. Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada mitra adalah pada aspek produksi, pemasaran, dan aspek manajemen. Pada aspek produksi terdapat beberapa permasalahan yaitu, segel kemasan yang masih menggunakan alat yang konvensional, serta alat produksi yang masih kurang. Pada aspek pemasaran, belum adanya label kemasan yang mencantumkan indentitas mitra di dalamnya dan belum adanya variasi ukuran dalam pengemasan. Pada aspek manajemen, kondisi administrasi pencatatan data penjualan yang lemah, seringkali menjadi penyebab sulitnya mengajukan kredit ke pihak ketiga. Lemahnya administrasi pencatatan data penjualan mengakibatkan sulitnya melakukan penilaian kelayakan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka dilaksanakan kegiatan melalui Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) berupa dua jenis kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama, yaitu membantu proses produksi, dengan pemberian tambahan alat produksi dan pembuatan label kemasan. Kegiatan kedua berupa kegiatan untuk membantu bagian manajemen, yaitu berupa pelatihan pencatatan penjualan. Secara keseluruhan hasil monitoring dan evaluasi dari mitra, 20% menyatakan cukup, 26% menyatakan baik, dan 54% menyatakan baik sekali.
PPMT Pemberdayaan KWT Sakinah Dusun Gales, Kabupaten Magelang Guna Mewujudkan Kemandirian Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Purwantini Anissa Hakim , Hermawan Cahyo Agung , Nugraheni Dhea Siswa , Annisa Maulida Rifka , Kurniawan Rudi , Tanafi Dwi Indah
Published: November 2020

Keripik talas menjadi produk unggulan KWT Sakinah sebagai sumber utama penghasilan bagi anggotanya. Sebagian besar anggota KWT Sakinah berprofesi sebagai buruh tani dan ibu rumah tangga. Permasalahan yang dihadapi KWT Sakinah terkadang tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar atas produk keripik talas karena keterbatasan bahan baku. Selain itu, KWT Sakinah memiliki beberapa kendala terkait kurangnya ketrampilan SDM, diantaranya masih belum paham mengenai perhitungan HPP sebagai dasar penentuan harga jual yang kompetitif, rendahnya pengetahuan terkait pengemasan yang baik dan kreatif, belum adanya pembukuan, dan belum mengerti manajemen pemasaran di era digital. Oleh karena itu, solusi yang ditawarkan melalui program dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di KWT SAKINAH terutama dalam produk keripik talas dan peningkatan ketrampilan SDM. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat terpadu ini dilakukan dengan tiga metode yaitu penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Anggota KWT Sakinah sangat antusias dalam mengikuti setiap program yang diberikan. Perangkat Desa Tegalrejo juga memberikan dukungan penuh dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Sehingga diharapkan KWT SAKINAH dapat mengoptimalkan bisnisnya untuk mewujudkan kemandirian ekonomi dan peningkatan kesejateraan keluarga.Kata Kunci: KWT, Kemandirian, Ekonomi, Keluarga, Kesejahteraan
Workshop Pembelajaran E-Learning di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Ma’rifatullah Sayid , Siswanto M. Bambang Edi , Fitriyah Lina Arifah , Diastuti Indah Mei , Rodliyah Iesyah
Published: November 2020

E-learning merupakan salah satu cara untuk membantu mewujudkan mutu pendidikan belajar yang baik. Metode penyampaian informasi melalui jasa internet ini dirasa sangat mudah dan lebih efisien dan tidak memakan waktu yang lama. Karena informasi yang baik adalah informasi yang akurat, mudah diakses atau cepat dan terbaru (up to date). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam empat tahap, yaitu (1) Perencanaan, (2) Persiapan, (3) Pelaksanaan, dan (4) Evaluasi. Pada tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan melakukan workshop tentang pembelajaran e-learning kepada para Bapak/Ibu Dosen di lingkungan Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari  serta pendampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengabdian pada masyarakat adalah yang pertama rata-rata pemahaman dan pengetahuan mengenai pembelajaran e-learning mengalami peningkatan. Adapun nilai rata-rata pre test sebelum adanya workshop adalah 51,5 dan nilai rata-rata sesudah dilakukan workshop adalah 85. Kedua, selama pendampingan para peserta memberikan respon positif dengan persentase 89 %.
Variability in instructions for performance of nasopharyngeal swabs across Canada in the era of COVID-19 – what type of swab is actually being performed?
Authors: Hiebert Nole , Chen Breanna , Sowerby Leigh
Published: November 2020

Background The primary method of surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is with nasopharyngeal swabs. Given the significant demand for nasopharyngeal swabs, a large number of previously untrained and unfamiliar staff are now performing this test. It was noted that there was significant heterogeneity in instructions for performing nasopharyngeal swabs in Canada, in contrast to the guidance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The objective of this study was to review the instructions provided across Canada and contrast them to those of the CDC and PAHO.Methods A standard series of steps for nasopharyngeal swab performance was outlined based on the CDC, PAHO, and New England Journal of Medicine instructions. A comprehensive search was performed in August 2020 to identify nasopharyngeal swab guidelines provided by public health in the provinces and territories of Canada. Regional health authority guidance was also collected. Instructions provided were contrasted against the standardized steps.Results Instructions were identified for all provinces and territories, and for 81 regional health authorities. From the provincial and territorial guidelines, 10/13 (77%) cleared the nasal passages before swab insertion, 11/13 (85%) tilted the patient’s head back slightly, 12/13 (92%) inserted the swab parallel to the palate, but only 3/13 (23%) inserted the swab to at least a depth of the distance between the patient’s nose and ear. A clear majority (81%) of regional health authority guidelines followed their respective provincial guidelines.For depth of insertion, Quebec provided a pictogram but no distance or technique for estimation. Six provinces and territories - Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Alberta - recommended 4 cm or one-half the distance from nostrils to ear. British Columbia and Manitoba recommended a 7 cm depth of insertion. Nova Scotia recommended one-half to two-thirds the distance from nose to ear. Lastly, Newfoundland, New Brunswick and the Yukon recommended an insertion from nose to the external ear canal.Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in guidance for nasopharyngeal swab performance across Canada. The instructions provided by the majority of provinces and territories in Canada would not be effective in reaching the nasopharynx.
Balancing costs and benefits of pandemic control in an outbreak phase
Authors: Hondou Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2020

After the first lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries faced difficulties in balancing infection control with economics. Because there was limited prior knowledge, economists began researching this issue using cost-benefit analysis and found that infection control processes significantly affect economic efficiency. Rowthorn and Maciejowski used economic parameters in the United Kingdom to numerically demonstrate that an optimal balance was found in the process, including keeping the infected population stationary. However, universally applicable knowledge, which is indispensable for guiding principles of infection control, has not yet been developed because these analyses assume regional parameters and a specific disease. Here, we prove the universal result of economic irreversibility, which means that delaying infection control measures is more expensive than implementing infection control measures early while keeping infected populations stationary. This means that once the infected population increases, society cannot return to its previous state without extra expenditures. This universal result is analytically obtained by focusing on the infection-spreading phase of pandemics, which is not only applicable to COVID-19, and whether or not `herd immunity' exists. It also confirms the numerical observation of stationary infected populations in its optimally efficient process. Our findings suggest that economic irreversibility is a guiding principle for balancing infection control with economic effects.
CO2 Reduction for C2+ in Seawater Using a Graphitic Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyst
Authors: Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Kim Hyun-Tak , Park Jaehyun , Mun Jinhong , Shin HyeonOh , Roh Deok-Ho , Kwon Junhyeok , Kim Sungtae , Lee Geunsik , Kang Seok Ju
Published: November 2020

Ocean acidification due to the absorption of 40% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions severely affects the faltering marine ecosystem and the economy. However, there are few reports on reducing CO2 dissolved in seawater. Herein, we introduce an electrochemical CO2 reduction battery system for use in seawater with a graphitic frustrated Lewis pair catalytic cathode doped with boron and nitrogen (BN-GFLP). BN-GFLP converts CO2 dissolved in seawater to multi-carbon (C2+) products during the discharge process, thus increasing the pH of intentionally acidified seawater from 6.4 to 8.0 with more than 87% Faradaic efficiency. In computational chemistry and spectroscopy, BN-GFLP binds CO2 in a unique manner that enables exothermic C–C coupling pathway to deliver 95% selectivity for valuable C2+ products. Based on our results, we suggest a molecular design strategy for next-generation CO2 reduction catalysts for both green oceans and the atmosphere.
Sliding-mode control for coal shearer drum height adjustment based on variable speed reaching law
Authors: Ge Shuaishuai , Zhao Rui , Li Wenli , Li Jianbo , Liu Yongkang , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2020

Aiming at the shortcomings of the automatic height control of the existing coal shearer drum, the control strategy of the coal shearer drums height adjustment sliding mode based on the variable speed reach law is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the coal shearer height-adjusting cylinder is established, and the sliding mode switching function and its derivative including the deviation variable are derived. The exponential approaching law sliding mode controller is designed. Secondly, the hydraulic simulation of the drum height is established. The model compares and analyzes the control effects of traditional PID control and exponential approach law sliding mode control. The results show that the exponential approach law sliding mode control is superior to PID control in signal tracking dynamic response and steady state error; when the coal shearer is under load, the height of the drum under control of the exponential approaching law is basically unaffected; finally, the method of shifting the approaching law of dynamically adjusting the arrival speed by the fuzzy parameter optimization strategy is used to adjust the drum height. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional control method, the coal shearer control mode of the coal shearer drum based on the variable speed reach law not only ensures faster response speed and higher control precision, but also effectively reduces system chattering. Improve the reliability of the coal shearer cutting drive system.
Causes and development characteristics of corrugation on tangential track of metro
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Lei Zhenyu
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the causes and development characteristics of rail corrugation on the tangential section, based on the finite element model of track structure and the vehicle-track space coupled dynamic model, modal analysis and dynamic analysis were carried out for detailed analysis. The results show that the line condition and passing frequency range of measured corrugation are close to those of roaring rail corrugation caused by Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure, so it is preliminarily considered that corrugation occurring on this section is roaring rail corrugation. The modal analysis of track structure model shows that the vibration mode at the frequency of 513.7 Hz is the transverse Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure and the vibration mode at the frequency of 1050.0 Hz is the vertical Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure. The dynamic analysis of vehicle-track space coupled model shows that the amplitudes of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels are higher at the center frequencies of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, and the one-third octave band widths corresponding to above center frequencies are in the frequency range of Pinned-Pinned resonance of track structure. Therefore, it can be determined that rail corrugation on the measured line is roaring rail corrugation. The changing trends of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels under different sleeper spacings and operating speeds are basically the same and amplitudes of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels at the center frequencies of 500 Hz and 1000 Hz are higher. With the increase of the sleeper spacing and operating speed, the variation trends of rail vertical vibration acceleration levels at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz are almost unanimous. By changing the sleeper spacing and operating speed, the rail vertical vibration acceleration levels can be changed significantly, which shows that the appropriate sleeper spacing (about 700 mm) and operating speed (about 80 km/h) can effectively control the occurrence and development of rail corrugation.
Numerical analysis of the damage mechanics variable and vibration of a viscothermoelastic microbeam with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M. , El-Bary Alaa A. , Atef Haitham M. , El-Sharif A. H.
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, the analysis for thermoelastic homogeneous isotropic microbeams has been constructed. A generalized viscothermoelasticity theory of one relaxation time with variable thermal conductivity in the context of damage mechanics definition has been applied based on simply supported conditions for aspect ratios. Laplace transform has been applied for the governing differential equations, and its inverse has been carried out by using the Tzou method. Microbeam of silicon nitride has been considered when it is subjected to ramp-type heating and simply supported. The results have been illustrated in figures to stand on the impacts of the viscothermoelastic parameter, the thermal conductivity parameter, the value of the beam thickness, and the ramp-type heating parameter. The influences of the mentioned parameters are significant on all the studied functions, and the ramp-type heating parameter plays a vital role in thermodynamically damping of the energy which has been generated on the beam.
Modelling of extended de-weight fuzzy control for an upper-limb exoskeleton
Authors: Ali Siti Khadijah , Hussin Masnida , Hadi M. Sukri , Tokhi M. Osman
Published: November 2020

Performing heavy physical tasks, overhead work and long working hours are some examples of activities that can lead to musculoskeletal problems in humans. To overcome this issue, automated robots such as the upper-limb exoskeleton is used to assist humans while performing tasks. However, several concerns in developing the exoskeleton have been raised such as the control strategies used. In this study, a control strategy known as the extended de-weight fuzz was proposed to ensure that the exoskeleton could be maneuvered to the desired position with the least number of errors and minimum torque requirement. The extended de-weight fuzzy is a combination of the fuzzy-based PD and fuzzy-based de-weight controller systems. The extended de-weight fuzzy was then compared with the fuzzy-based PD and PID controllers, and the performances of these controllers were compared in terms of their deviations and required torques to perform tasks. The findings show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the fuzzy-based PD and PID controller systems.
Estimating geohydrodynamic parameters and their implications on aquifer repositories: a case study of university of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
Authors: Ibuot Johnson C. , Obiora Daniel N.
Published: November 2020

This study employs the surface geoelectrical resistivity method to investigate the aquifer repositories by estimating the geohydrodynamic parameters; aquifer quality index (AQI), flow zone indicator (FZI), permeability, hydraulic conductivity, fractional porosity, formation factor, normalized porosity index, and tortuosity. The data were obtained from vertical electrical sounding (VES) employing Schlumberger electrode configuration across 17 locations within the study area. The interpretation of the field data was done using the computer software package known as the WINRESIST and the results gave the values of resistivity, depth and thickness of each geoelectric layer at each VES point. The values of aquifer resistivity and thickness were used to estimate the geohydrodynamic parameters, and their variation trends are shown in the contour maps. It was delineated that high permeability zone have high porosity, AQI, FZI, and hydraulic conductivity but low formation factor and tortuosity. This is a reflection of high pore connectivity and groundwater transmissibility in the aquifer repositories. The various plots illustrate the interrelationship between the parameters and gave unique information which could be employed in groundwater contamination modeling, management and abstraction.
Tangki NAHRIM 2.0: an R-based water balance model for rainwater harvesting tank sizing application
Authors: Goh Y. C. , Ideris M.
Published: November 2020

Tangki NAHRIM, a desktop application developed in 2008, is widely used for the calculation of optimal tank size for rainwater harvesting in Malaysia. Here we present an overview of the updated version, Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2) which was developed in the R computing environment. In TN2, a rainwater harvesting system is simulated using a daily water balance model with rainfall input from a built-in database by adopting the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention. Proposed tank sizes are evaluated based on water saving and storage efficiencies. These results are then visualised in charts showing the relationships between tank sizes and both efficiency measures to help users select the optimal tank size based on their criteria of choice. A simulation was conducted based on a typical Malaysian household for domestic non-potable use as a case study. A web-based GUI for TN2 was developed in R Shiny framework for the public. The GUI has the advantage of being accessible online from any device, and will be able to facilitate the adoption of rainwater harvesting systems by the public at large.
A educação social nos novos espaços e tempos: as realidades entroncadas da intervenção social e educativa
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias
Published: November 2020

O artigo norteia-se pelos seguintes objetivos, na base de uma metodologia hermenêutica (analítica) que coincide com os pontos estruturais do texto: Analisar os indícios/vestígios da realidade atual e o reto da educação social; Clarificar conceptual e semanticamente a pedagogia social e educação social, no âmbito das Ciências da Educação; Compreender a (inter)relação entre a pedagogia social (âmbito teórico) e a educação social (âmbito prático), especialmente a prática da ação pedagógico-social do educador social na comunidade; Aprofundar a pedagogia social e educação social no contexto da intervenção social escolar. Servimo-nos de um quadro teórico-conceptual norteado por um conjunto de estudos de especialistas sobre a pedagogia social e educação social, que nos levaram a aprofundar estes conceitos nos novos espaços e tempos atuais da sociedade em geral. Os espaços e tempos na atualidade marcam a Pedagogia no âmbito social, seja ao nível escolar e não-escolar. Sabemos que a globalização fez proliferar ‘espaço e tempo’ no aprender e nas formas de conviver, com novas caraterísticas e áreas de ação ou intervenção. Pretendemos que a educação social inclua uma série de caraterísticas de intervenção, relacionadas com áreas específicas que são hoje fundamentais, para além daquelas que a sua evolução e identidade têm abarcado, por exemplo: educação escolar de adultos, gerontológica e intergeracional; o empreendedorismo social; a educação ambiental e ecológica; a gestão e promoção da cultura, do patrimônio e do turismo ecológico/rural; os imigrantes, os refugiados e os grupos étnicos; a promoção da mulher; a mediação (escolar, social), etc.
Educação e pobreza: o Programa Bolsa Família na percepção dos estudantes do Ensino Médio em Corumbá-MS
Authors: Martins Bárbara Amaral , Rückert Fabiano Quadros
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar as percepções socialmente construídas sobre o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), com ênfase em sua relação com a Educação, tendo como público-alvo um grupo de estudantes matriculados no 1º ano do Ensino Médio em duas escolas públicas da cidade de Corumbá-MS. O estudo contou com 23 participantes, sendo 14 deles beneficiários do programa, e nove não beneficiários. Os dados referentes às percepções dos estudantes sobre o PBF foram coletados por meio de questionários e, posteriormente, analisamos qualitativamente a partir das técnicas da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes consultados, especialmente os não beneficiários do PBF, possuem um conhecimento superficial sobre o programa e também apontam para a existência de divergências entre as percepções de estudantes beneficiários e não beneficiários no modo de conceber o programa e sua condicionalidade educacional, bem como nas expectativas em relação ao prosseguimento dos estudos/atuação profissional.
Em busca de identidade: Educação Infantil é lugar de homem?
Authors: Rodrigues Sílvia Adriana , Manholer Estefânia , Gomes Alberto Albuquerque
Published: November 2020

Esse artigo, que tem como objetivo discutir a presença masculina no ofício docente, especificamente no espaço da Educação Infantil, foi organizado com dados obtidos em uma pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, que investigou como diferentes atores escolares compreendem o papel social da creche e dos profissionais que nela atuam. Desta forma, são trazidas para discussão as informações obtidas junto a um estudante do curso de Pedagogia, com o uso de relatos da prática. Os dados, tratados na perspectiva da análise do discurso bahktiniana, nos levam a afirmativa de que a “aspereza masculina” é elemento da cultura e não da natureza humana – do gênero masculino. Sendo assim, é possível, razoável e aceitável a identificação dos homens com o trabalho docente na creche; bem como eles são capazes de construir as habilidades/saberes necessários (paciência, calma, tato social, sensibilidade, etc.) para a atuação profissional adequada junto às crianças deste nível de ensino.
Desafios do trabalho de educadoras sociais em casas de acolhimento
Authors: Bassoli Eiza Nádila , Figueiredo Vanessa Cartherina Neumann
Published: November 2020

Este estudo analisa as vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho de educadoras sociais em Casas de Acolhimento no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. Baseado na teoria da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, foi analisado o sofrimento derivado do choque entre as normatizações organizacionais e as situações laborais reais experienciadas no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes. Nove profissionais de duas instituições públicas foram entrevistadas, cujas narrativas foram ponderadas através da Análise de Sentido. Os resultados apontam para o uso constante de inteligência prática diante de condições materiais e capacitações insuficientes, relações institucionais desrespeitosas, falta de suporte emocional-afetivo e autoaceleração pela sobrecarga de trabalho imposta. A identificação com as tarefas socioeducativas e a satisfação com o desenvolvimento dos acolhidos foram os aspectos citados propulsores de realização. Conclui-se ser necessário o reconhecimento da profissão e da importância da educação social para a reintegração segura dos acolhidos na família de origem ou lar adotivo.
Projeto EJA Interventiva: contribuições para as práticas e políticas curriculares inclusivas
Authors: Barbosa Vânia de Sousa , Keller-Franco Elize
Published: November 2020

A EJA Interventiva é uma interface da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Educação Especial desenvolvida no Distrito Federal para atendimento de estudantes com deficiência intelectual e autismo em defasagem idade/ano. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa na modalidade de Estudo de Caso, que objetiva analisar na perspectiva da inclusão esse projeto que se tornou Diretriz Curricular. Os resultados revelaram que a EJA Interventiva se apresenta como um projeto inclusivo bem-sucedido ao possibilitar o acesso e a permanência na educação, a continuidade da escolarização e a inserção social de estudantes com deficiência intelectual e autismo, atendendo às finalidades reparadora, equalizadora e qualificadora colocadas para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Evidencia-se que projetos educacionais inclusivos articulados e desenvolvidos com a comunidade escolar podem orientar atos normativos. Aponta-se que para o avanço da experiência em andamento e da educação inclusiva pesa a possibilidade substitutiva do currículo tradicional com espaços e tempos padronizados, sinalizando para a importância de se pensar propostas curriculares construídas sob novas bases, abertas à diversidade.