bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Morpho-physiological and Yield Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bhatt Babita , Swati  , Jaiswal Jai Prakash , Khan Rubina , Joshi Sivendra , Chaudhary Divya
Published: November 2023

In order to estimate genetic variability parameters for seventeen traits of wheat, 28 F1s were obtained by crossing 8 parents in 8×8 diallel fashion, excluding reciprocals and evaluation trial was laid down in randomised complete block design at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant differences between genotypes exist for all seventeen characters. Eleven out of seventeen characters were observed to exhibit elevated values for both the PCV and GCV. The observed phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values was determined to be greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values, indicating that the expression of traits is comparatively less influenced by environmental factors. A significant degree of heritability, along with a notable genetic advance, was observed for various traits, including flag leaf area, followed by grain yield, biological yield, canopy temperature depression (CTD), harvest index, tillers per plant, peduncle length, grains per spike, awn length, plant height, grain filling duration, spikelet per spike, spike length, and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) content. This study has thus identified significant genetic variability in wheat traits, highlighted traits with high heritability and genetic advance, and suggested that these traits could be targeted for improvement in wheat breeding programs.
Protein and Total Free Amino Acid Content Evaluation of Improved and Local Varieties/Germplasm of Spine Gourd Momordica dioica Roxb. (Family - Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Singh Jay , Kewat R. N. , Singh Ajay Pratap , Kumar Prem , Singh Yogendra Pratap
Published: November 2023

Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb., 2n = 2X= 28) is a nutritionally rich, perennial and dioecious cucurbit with good assortment of adaptability. Varieties of spine gourd improved germplasm/varieties collected from farmers' field and were sown in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Three replications at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India during monsoon season 2020. Biochemical characteristics of spine gourd analysis revealed that maximum Protein content (3.09mg/100g) was found in variety Kheri-3,1. Total free amino acid content (6.90mg/100g) was found in variety NDMD-2. Minimum protein content was found in the variety Arka Bharat (2.94mg/100g) and Total Free Amino acid content was reported in the variety Ambika-K-13,6 (6.27mg/100g). Based on observation, variety Kheri-3,1 and NDMD-2 were found superior in both Protein and Total Free Amino acid parameters followed by germplasm Arka Bharat and Ambika-13,6 respectively.
Character Association and Path Co-efficient Analysis Among Inbred Lines of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.)
Authors: Kumar I. Praveen , Priya M. Shanthi , Madhavilatha L. , Latha P.
Published: November 2023

A field experiment with 70 pearl millet inbred lines was carried out for analysis of character association and path coefficient for 21 metric traits. A perusal of character association indicated highly significant positive association of panicle weight, green fodder yield plant-1, dry fodder yield plant-1, number of productive tillers plant-1, spike girth, plant height, leaf blade length, number of nodes plant-1, spike length, harvest index, threshing percentage, leaf blade width and specific leaf area at 45 DAS with grain yield plant-1 as well as among themselves at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis indicated that kernel yield plant-1 exhibited high positive direct effect on panicle weight followed by threshing percentage and green fodder yield plant-1. Critical analysis of results obtained from character association and path analysis indicated that grain yield plant-1 had strong positive association with panicle weight which also had high magnitude of positive direct effect. This reveals the importance of this component trait in selection of superior genotypes for higher yield in genotypes of pearl millet.
Incidence of Uveitis in Local Population of Lahore
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Hassan Laraib , Jabran Aamna , Rehman Hafiz Ateeq Ur , Haider Muhammad Ali , Bukhsh Hasnain Muhammad , Fauzan Ahmad , Zia Muhammad Usman
Published: November 2023

Uveitis tends to afflict younger age groups than other eye disorders like cataract and glaucoma, which typically affect the elderly. The frequency and prevalence of infectious ocular inflammation may vary greatly depending on the etiological agent and geographical location. This study found that the most frequent causes of infectious uveitis, which can account for up to 20% of all cases of uveitis in the developed world, are toxoplasmosis and herpetic infection. We found out that uveitis was more prevalent in the female population and that too in the younger age group having anterior uveitis more common.
Arginine‐Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Nanozymes against Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wen Shu'an , Song Ningning , Wang Lixiang , Zhou Yuan , Deng Xue , Wu Changbu , Zhang Guili , Chen Jun , Tian Guo‐Bao , Liang Minmin , Zhong Lan‐Lan
Published: November 2023

The continuous reduction of clinically available antibiotics has made it imperative to exploit more effective antimicrobial therapies, especially for difficult‐to‐treat Gram‐negative pathogens. Herein, it is shown that the combination of an antimicrobial nanozyme with the clinically compatible basic amino acid L‐arginine affords a potent treatment for infections with Gram‐negative pathogens. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial nanozyme is dramatically increased by ≈1000‐fold after L‐arginine stimulation. Specifically, the combination therapy enhances bacterial outer and inner membrane permeability and promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, the metabolomic and transcriptomic results reveal that combination treatment leads to the increased ROS‐mediated damage by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby inducing an imbalance of the antioxidant and oxidant systems. Importantly, L‐arginine dramatically significantly accelerates the healing of infected wounds in mouse models of multidrug‐resistant peritonitis‐sepsis and skin wound infection. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel synergistic antibacterial strategy by combining the antimicrobial nanozymes with L‐arginine, which substantively facilitates the nanozyme‐mediated killing of pathogens by promoting ROS production.
Photosynthetic and Self‐Draining Biohybrid Dressing for Accelerating Healing of Diabetic Wound
Authors: Ren Xinyu , Hou Zhiming , Pang Bo , Gao Cen , Tang Rongbing
Published: November 2023

Wound healing is a well‐orchestrated progress associated with angiogenesis, epithelialization, inflammatory status, and infection control, whereas these processes are seriously disturbed in diabetic wounds. In this study, a biohybrid dressing integrating the inherent ability of Bromeliad leaf (photosynthesis and self‐draining) with the therapeutic effect of artificial materials (glucose‐degrading and ROS‐scavenging) is presented. The dressing consists of double‐layered structures as follows: 1) Outer layer, a Bromeliad leaf substrate full of alginate hydrogel‐immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx@Alg@Bromeliad substrate, abbreviated as BGA), can generate oxygen to guarantee the GOx‐catalyzed glucose oxidation by photosynthesis, reducing local hyperglycemia to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) for angiogenesis and producing hydrogen peroxide for killing bacteria on the surface of wound tissue. The sophisticated structure of the leaf drains excessive exudate away via transpiration‐mimicking, preventing skin maceration and impeding bacterial growth. 2) Inner layer, microneedles containing catalase (CAT‐HA MNs, abbreviated as CHM), reduces excessive oxidative stress in the tissue to promote the proliferation of fibroblasts and inhibits proinflammatory polarization of macrophages, improving re‐epithelialization of diabetic wounds. Together, the biohybrid dressing (BGA‐CHM, abbreviated as BCHM) can enhance angiogenesis, strengthen re‐epithelialization, alleviate chronic inflammation, and suppress bacterial infection, providing a promising strategy for diabetic wound therapy.
Soft and Flexible Bioelectronic Micro‐Systems for Electronically Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Mariello Massimo , Eş Ismail , Proctor Christopher M.
Published: November 2023

The concept of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which directs treatment to precise anatomical sites, offers benefits such as fewer side effects, reduced toxicity, optimized dosages, and quicker responses. However, challenges remain to engineer dependable systems and materials that can modulate host tissue interactions and overcome biological barriers. To stay aligned with advancements in healthcare and precision medicine, novel approaches and materials are imperative to improve effectiveness, biocompatibility, and tissue compliance. Electronically controlled drug delivery (ECDD) has recently emerged as a promising approach to calibrated drug delivery with spatial and temporal precision. This article covers recent breakthroughs in soft, flexible, and adaptable bioelectronic micro‐systems designed for ECDD. It overviews the most widely reported operational modes, materials engineering strategies, electronic interfaces, and characterization techniques associated with ECDD systems. Further, it delves into the pivotal applications of ECDD in wearable, ingestible, and implantable medical devices. Finally, the discourse extends to future prospects and challenges for ECDD.
Intelligent Size‐Switchable Iron Carbide‐Based Nanocapsules with Cascade Delivery Capacity for Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Deep Tumor Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Fang Zhi , Zhao Chenyang , Sun Zhaoli , Gao Shen , Zhang Biao , Qiu Daping , Yang Meng , Sheng Fugeng , Gao Song , Hou Yanglong
Published: November 2023

The ferroptosis pathway is recognized as an essential strategy for tumor treatment. However, killing tumor cells in deep tumor regions with ferroptosis agents is still challenging because of distinct size requirements for intratumoral accumulation and deep tumor penetration. Herein, intelligent nanocapsules with size‐switchable capability that responds to acid/hyperthermia stimulation to achieve deep tumor ferroptosis are developed. These nanocapsules are constructed using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid and Pluronic F127 as carrier materials, with Au–Fe2C Janus nanoparticles serving as photothermal and ferroptosis agents, and sorafenib (SRF) as the ferroptosis enhancer. The PFP@Au–Fe2C–SRF nanocapsules, designed with an appropriate size, exhibit superior intratumoral accumulation compared to free Au–Fe2C nanoparticles, as evidenced by photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. These nanocapsules can degrade within the acidic tumor microenvironment when subjected to laser irradiation, releasing free Au–Fe2C nanoparticles. This enables them to penetrate deep into tumor regions and disrupt intracellular redox balance. Under the guidance of imaging, these PFP@Au–Fe2C–SRF nanocapsules effectively inhibit tumor growth when exposed to laser irradiation, capitalizing on the synergistic photothermal and ferroptosis effects. This study presents an intelligent formulation based on iron carbide for achieving deep tumor ferroptosis through size‐switchable cascade delivery, thereby advancing the comprehension of ferroptosis in the context of tumor theranostics.
Gradient Quasi‐Solid Electrolyte Enables Selective and Fast Ion Transport for Robust Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Yanglansen , Chen Weipeng , Xin Weiwen , Ling Haoyang , Hu Yuhao , Zhang Zhehua , He Xiaofeng , Zhao Yong , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2023

The quasi‐solid electrolytes (QSEs) attract extensive attention due to their improved ion transport properties and high stability, which is synergistically based on tunable functional groups and confined solvent molecules among the polymetric networks. However, the trade‐off effect between the polymer content and ionic conductivity exists in QSEs, limiting their rate performance. In this work, the epitaxial polymerization strategy is used to build the gradient hydrogel networks (GHNs) covalently fixed on zinc anode. Then, it is revealed that the asymmetric distribution of negative charges benefits GHNs with fast and selective ionic transport properties, realizing a higher Zn2+ transference number of 0.65 than that (0.52) for homogeneous hydrogel networks (HHNs) with the same polymer content. Meanwhile, the high‐density networks formed at Zn/GHNs interface can efficiently immobilize free water molecules and homogenize the Zn2+ flux, greatly inhibiting the water‐involved parasitic reactions and dendrite growth. Thus, the GHNs enable dendrite‐free stripping/plating over 1000 h at 8 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 in a Zn||Zn symmetric cell, as well as the evidently prolonged cycles in various full cells. This work will shed light on asymmetric engineering of ion transport channels in advanced quasi‐solid battery systems to achieve high energy and safety.
Does adolescent depression modify the association between psychosocial job stressors and mental health in emergent adulthood?
Authors: LaMontagne Anthony D. , Too Lay‐San , Witt Katrina , Evans‐Whipp Tracy , Owen Patrick J. , Toumbourou John W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Job stressors can be particularly harmful to the mental health of disadvantaged groups through differential exposure, differential sensitivity to the effects of exposure, or both. In this paper, we assess the extent to which emergent adult workers with an adolescent history of high depression symptoms may be differentially sensitive to the effect of job stressors on mental health.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of three waves of the Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study (n = 1262). We used multivariable linear regression to assess whether self‐reported measures of high depression symptoms at one or two time points in adolescence (ages 11–16 years) modified the cross‐sectional association between four self‐reported job stressors (job demands, job control, job strain, and incivility at work) and psychological distress (Kessler‐10 scores) in emergent adulthood (ages 23–27 years).

Results

For all four job stressors, there was a consistent pattern of approximately a doubling in the magnitude of association for participants with a history of high depression symptoms at two points in adolescence compared with those with no history of depression. However, results of effect modification analysisfor only job demands and job strain excluded chance as a potential explanation.

Conclusions

Findings showed partial support for the hypothesis that a history of high depression symptoms in adolescence predicts stronger associations between job stressor exposures and psychological distress among those employed in emergent adulthood. The limitations of this secondary analysis suggest a need for purpose‐designed studies to answer this important research question more definitively.
Isolation and Characterization of Monomeric Human RAD51: A Novel Tool for Investigating Homologous Recombination in Cancer
Authors: Rinaldi Francesco , Schipani Fabrizio , Balboni Beatrice , Catalano Federico , Marotta Roberto , Myers Samuel H. , Previtali Viola , Veronesi Marina , Scietti Luigi , Cecatiello Valentina , Pasqualato Sebastiano , Ortega Jose Antonio , Girotto Stefania , Cavalli Andrea
Published: November 2023

DNA repair protein RAD51 is a key player in the homologous recombination pathway. Upon DNA damage, RAD51 is transported into the nucleus by BRCA2, where it can repair DNA double‐strand breaks. Due to the structural complexity and dynamics, researchers have not yet clarified the mechanistic details of every step of RAD51 recruitment and DNA repair. RAD51 possesses an intrinsic tendency to form oligomeric structures, which make it challenging to conduct biochemical and biophysical investigations. Here, for the first time, we report on the isolation and characterization of a human monomeric RAD51 recombinant form, obtained through a double mutation, which preserves the protein's integrity and functionality. We investigated different buffers to identify the most suitable condition needed to definitively stabilize the monomer. The monomer of human RAD51 provides the community with a unique biological tool for investigating RAD51‐mediated homologous recombination, and paves the way for more reliable structural, mechanistic, and drug discovery studies.
Colloidal and Thermal Stability of Three‐Component Hybrid Materials Containing Clay Mineral, Polysaccharide and Surfactant
Authors: Godek Ewelina , Maciołek Urszula , Kosińska‐Pezda Małgorzata , Byczyński Łukasz , Nowicka Aldona , Grządka Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the colloidal and thermal stability of the three‐component hybrid materials containing halloysite, polysaccharides (alginic acid, cationic cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose) and Tritons. TX‐100, TX‐165 and TX‐405 were used as non‐ionic surfactants. Stability and other properties of the hybrid materials were tested by the following methods: UV–Vis, TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), CHN (elemental analysis), SEM‐EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) and tensiometry. According to the results with the increasing polymer concentration the colloidal stability of the tested systems also increases. Moreover, the addition of the surfactants causes the increase of polysaccharide adsorption but the colloidal stability of the tested systems decreases due to large weights of formed aggregates. As follows from the thermal analysis, the comparison of the TG/DTG‐DSC curves obtained for the investigated polymers confirms that their thermal decomposition courses have some common features. The obtained results have the application potential in the formation of the materials for the pollutants removal from water and sewages.
Endoscopic diagnosis and prevalence of early gastric cancer in India: A prospective study
Authors: Mohapatra Ashutosh , Mohapatra Sonmoon , Mahawar Shruti , Pani Krushna Chandra , Mohapatra Nachiketa , Ramchandani Mohan , Reddy Nageshwar , Goenka Mahesh K. , Uedo Noriya
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Although countries like Japan and South Korea have implemented nationwide endoscopic screening programs, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of endoscopy for diagnosing early gastric cancer (EGC) in developing countries such as India. In the present study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of endoscopic detection of EGC from India.

Methods

The data was prospectively collected for all patients ≥40 years who underwent a diagnostic upper endoscopy from April to September 2021. A single endoscopist who performed the endoscopic procedures completed 1‐month training in advanced endoscopy in Japan. Following the training, the endoscopist continued to engage in internet‐based discussions regarding his cases encountered. Prior to this training, the endoscopist had not detected any EGC cases during his 12‐year gastroenterology practice.

Results

A total of 1033 patients were included in the study, with males accounting for 65.4% and a mean age 52 years. The average procedural time was 7.13 ± 4.8 min. A total of 25 patients (2.4%) were found to have GC, including 6 patients (0.6%) with EGC. Two patients had synchronous EGC lesions. All EGC patients were males, with an average age of 66 years. All EGCs were detected in the distal stomach in the presence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection and severe atrophic gastritis.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that the endoscopic detection of EGC is feasible in India. Optimal training on endoscopic diagnosis of EGC can improve the detection of such lesion. Further studies are warranted to assess the optimization and implementation of an endoscopic screening program for EGC in India.
Photoisomerization of Alkenes via Energy Transfer Enabled by Cu‐Acetylide Complexes
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Kojima Noritaka , Kamo Ryoya , Tanishima Hiroto , Inagaki Fuyuhiko
Published: November 2023

This work demonstrates the isomerization of alkenes enabled by copper‐acetylide complexes under blue light. This system is applicable to the E→Z isomerization of α‐ and β‐substituted cinnamate derivatives with moderate to excellent Z/E ratios. A reaction pathway involving singlet energy transfer (EnT) from the copper‐acetylide complex to the alkene is proposed.
Cancer mortality after kidney transplantation: A multicenter cohort study in Italy
Authors: Taborelli Martina , Serraino Diego , Cimaglia Claudia , Furian Lucrezia , Biancone Luigi , Busnach Ghil , Bossini Nicola , Citterio Franco , Veroux Massimiliano , Iaria Maurizio , Argiolas Davide , Todeschini Paola , Manzia Tommaso Maria , Pisani Francesco , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Simone Simona , Mangino Margherita , Campise Mariarosaria , Ambrosini Andrea , Caputo Flavia , Piselli Pierluca ,   the Italian Transplant and Cancer Cohort Study
Published: November 2023

Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are known to be at risk of developing several cancer types; however, cancer mortality in this population is underinvestigated. Our study aimed to assess the risk of cancer death among Italian KT recipients compared to the corresponding general population. A cohort study was conducted among 7373 individuals who underwent KT between 2003 and 2020 in 17 Italian centers. Date and cause of death were retrieved until 31 December 2020. Indirect standardization was used to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cancer was the most common cause of death among the 7373 KT recipients, constituting 32.4% of all deaths. A 1.8‐fold excess mortality (95% CI: 1.59‐2.09) was observed for all cancers combined. Lymphomas (SMR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.81‐9.25), kidney cancer (SMR = 5.44, 95% CI: 2.97‐8.88) and skin melanoma (SMR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.03‐6.98) showed the highest excess death risks. In addition, SMRs were increased about 1.6 to 3.0 times for cancers of lung, breast, bladder and other hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. As compared to the general population, relative cancer mortality risk remained significantly elevated in all age groups though it decreased with increasing age. A linear temporal increase in SMR over time was documented for all cancers combined (P < .01). Our study documented significantly higher risks of cancer death in KT recipients than in the corresponding general population. Such results support further investigation into the prevention and early detection of cancer in KT recipients.
An m1A/m6A/m5C‐associated long non‐coding RNA signature: Prognostic and immunotherapeutic insights into cervical cancer
Authors: Pan Chenxiang , Lin Jiali , Dai Xiaoxiao , Jiao Lili , Liu Jinsha , Lin Aidi
Published: November 2023

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant clinical challenge, even though its fatality rate has been declining in recent years. Particularly in developing countries, the prognosis for CC patients continues to be suboptimal despite numerous therapeutic advances.

Methods

Using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we extracted CC‐related data. From this, 52 methylation‐related genes (MRGs) were identified, leading to the selection of a 10 long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) signature co‐expressed with these MRGs. R programming was employed to filter out the methylation‐associated lncRNAs. Through univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (i.e. LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis, an MRG‐associated lncRNA model was constructed. The established risk model was further assessed via the Kaplan–Meier method, principal component analysis, functional enrichment annotation and a nomogram. Furthermore, we explored the potential of this model with respect to guiding immune therapeutic interventions and predicting drug sensitivities.

Results

The derived 10‐lncRNA signature, linked with MRGs, emerged as an independent prognostic factor. Segmenting patients based on their immunotherapy responses allowed for enhanced differentiation between patient subsets. Lastly, we highlighted potential compounds for distinguishing CC subtypes.

Conclusions

The risk model, associated with MRG‐linked lncRNA, holds promise in forecasting clinical outcomes and gauging the efficacy of immunotherapies for CC patients.
Effect of process parameters on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured and FSW joined PLA wood sheets
Authors: Koçar Oğuz , Anaç Nergizhan , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar , Doğan Merve , Siengchin Suchart
Published: November 2023

Friction stir welding (FSW), a solid‐state joining method, is an innovative technique widely employed in the welding of thermoplastics, with broad application areas such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Due to its inherent advantages, including ease of processing, biodegradability, and printability, polylactic acid (PLA) and its derivatives are notably the most commonly used polymers in 3D printing. The limited print area of 3D printers necessitates post‐production joining processes. In this study, the weldability of plates obtained using PLA Wood filament through the FSW is evaluated. For this purpose, different pin geometries (triangle, square, and screw), feed rates (20, 40, and 60 mm/min), and tool rotation speeds (1250, 1750, and 2250 rpm) are employed. Visual inspections are conducted to determine the effects of process parameters on weld quality and to identify defects in the weld region. Temperature values are measured to investigate the influence of heat generated during the FSW process. Furthermore, after determining the highest weld strengths achieved for each pin geometry, the weldability of PLA Wood material with PLA‐CF and PLA Plus materials is investigated using these parameters. The results indicate that the highest weld quality for joining PLA Wood plates is achieved using the square pin geometry, 20 mm/min feed rate, and 1750 rpm with an efficiency of 74.5%. When welding PLA Wood with PLA‐CF and PLA Plus, high weld strengths are obtained using the same process parameters (square pin, 20 mm/min, and 1750 rpm).

Highlights

Friction stir welding process of 3D printed PLA Wood material.

Friction stir welding process of dissimilar materials pairs.

Effect of welding parameters on weld strength and hardness.

Identifying the fracture surface images occurring in parts after friction stir welding.

Examination of temperature generation during friction stir welding.
Examination of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, and challenge and threat evaluations in the prediction of tournament affective states and performance of competitive elite Indian golfers
Authors: Chadha Nanaki J. , Turner Martin J. , Slater Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

Researchers have intimated that cognitions and emotions can change in the lead up to important events. However, previous research has adopted atemporal cross‐sectional designs, making it challenging to understand how cognitions and emotions unfold in the lead up to a competition. In the current study, we extended previous research by examining the temporal patterns of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, and challenge and threat evaluations in predicting pre‐competitive affective states (hedonic balance and anxiety) in the lead up to an actual competition, among competitive elite Indian golfers (N = 107). We adopted a within‐subjects repeated‐measures design and collected data in the lead up to an actual golf tournament, at three timepoints; 1 week before (T1), the night before (T2), and an hour prior (T3). Self‐reported measures of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, challenge and threat evaluations, affect, and anxiety were completed. Also, objective golf performance was collected from participants. Crossed‐lagged path analysis did not find a causal effect for irrational beliefs on any of the variables across the three time points. On the other hand, hierarchical multiple regression analysis determined that changes in irrational beliefs predicted changes in cognitive appraisals, threat evaluation, cognitive and somatic anxiety, and the directional interpretation of anxiety. The findings of temporal patterns in the current research indicated that sport psychologists should consider the dynamic nature of antecedent cognitions and affective states in the lead up to competition, and accordingly provide adequate support to the athletes. Further, limitations and future research is discussed with reference to the results.
Examining how morning stress forecasts relate to subsequent ecological momentary assessments of stress and coping
Authors: Hojjaty Armin , Zawadzki Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

Stress forecasting is the cognitive process of anticipating and preparing to respond to future stress experiences based on one's own perceived future stress. Though it may seem intuitive that stress forecasting predicts stress, competing theories exist that indicate the relationship is not so inherent. In this paper we conducted two studies which both examine the relationships between stress forecasting and day stress, examining two different stress domains (appraisal and coping). Participants in Study 1 (n = 143 working adults) and Study 2 (n = 60 undergraduate students) completed 4 and 14 days, respectively, of ecological momentary assessment reports of stress appraisal forecasting, stress coping forecasting, stress appraisal reports, and stress coping reports, for a combined total of 5280 completed assessments. Exploratory analysis in Study 2 examined the importance of morning forecast discrepancy in relation to evening recalls of day stress. Results indicate that within domain (e.g., stress appraisal to appraisal reports), or domain specific, stress forecasting is predictive of day stress, and that across domains (e.g., stress appraisal to coping reports), or domain crossover, was consistent between stress appraisal forecasting and stress coping reports. Results suggest that magnitude of bias and day outlook (i.e., being either optimistic or pessimistic) about one's coping ability matters for day stress outcomes. Findings have implications for developing challenge‐based thinking interventions and further understanding cognitive processes for building stress management strategies.
Segments arrangement effect on improvement of self‐centering precast post‐tensioned segmental piers seismic performance
Authors: Poorahad Anzabi Pooria , Shiravand Mahmoud R.
Published: November 2023

In bridge engineering, the use of precast post‐tensioned segmental (PPS) piers is increasingly expanding due to the Accelerated Bridge Construction viewpoint. Recent experimental and numerical researches have studied general seismic performance and nonlinear behavior of PPS piers without much attention to segment arrangements or joint openings. The aim of this paper is to utilize innovative segment arrangements to reduce the residual deformation, without reducing the energy dissipation capacity of PPS piers with internal energy dissipation (ED) bars. For this purpose, nonlinear rocking dynamics of a multiple‐block assembly of tied rigid rocking blocks equipped with ED bars at joints are firstly developed so that uplift moment for each joint is derived to obtain the threshold joint opening height (height above which no joint opens). Then, nonlinear static, quasi‐static, and dynamic analyses are conducted on different segment arrangements of finite element models of PPS piers. It is proposed to place more segments within the threshold joint opening height by using unequal segments so that the total rotation is shared among critical joints (joints that open), and the nonlinear extent of ED bars at the bottom joint is reduced, resulting in the reduced residual deformation. It is also proposed to place a lower ratio of ED bars at the critical intermediate joints or place ED bars of a lower yield stress there so that the intermediate joints can be more effective even with small rotations. Results indicate that using the proposed segment arrangement, enhances both seismic and post‐earthquake performance of PPS piers.
A Deep Neural Architecture Search Net-Based Wearable Object Classification System for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Arvind Aniketh
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization estimates that a staggering 2.2 billion individuals worldwide suffer from vision impairments, drastically limiting independence and quality of daily life and leading to billions of dollars in direct costs and annual productivity losses. Although the field of machine learning has made significant strides in recent years, particularly in image classification, these advances have predominantly focused on tasks that are visual in nature, which can be challenging for vision-impacted individuals. Much work has been published on obstacle avoidance and large-object detection for the visually impaired. However, little has been done to aid them in better understanding complex indoor daily-living environments. For these reasons, this study develops and presents a wearable object classification system specifically designed to assist the visually impaired in identifying small tabletop objects commonly found in their surrounding indoor environments. Through transfer learning, the system uses a pretrained neural architecture search network called NASNet-Mobile and a custom image dataset to conduct highly effective small-object classification with model accuracies of over 90.00%. The proposed transfer-learning model is subsequently deployed on a wearable wrist device for real-world applicability. This study ultimately evaluates and demonstrates the system’s ability to accurately classify small tabletop objects using an eight-trial experiment that calculates the system’s average precision, recall, and F1 score to be 99.30%, 97.93%, and 98.61%, respectively. Overall, this system represents a significant step forward in the development of machine learning systems that constructively assist the visually impaired while simultaneously improving their daily independence and quality of life.
CP-violating axion interactions II: axions as dark matter
Authors: Plakkot V. , Dekens W. , de Vries J. , Shain S.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Axions provide a solution to the strong CP problem and are excellent dark matter candidates. The presence of additional sources of CP violation, for example to account for the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe, can lead to CP-violating interactions between axions and Standard Model fields. In case axions form a coherent dark matter background, this leads to time-oscillating fundamental constants such as the fine-structure constant and particle masses. In this work we compare the sensitivity of various searches for CP-odd axion interactions. These include fifth-force experiments, searches for time-oscillating constants induced by axion dark matter, and direct limits from electric dipole moment experiments. We show that searches for oscillating constants can outperform fifth-force experiments in the regime of small axion masses, but, in general, do not reach the sensitivity of electric dipole moment experiments.
Effect of wetting and fungal degradation on the withdrawal capacity of stainless-steel screws in radiata pine
Authors: Yermán Luis , Vargas Juan , Ottenhaus Lisa-Mareike
Published: November 2023

The effects of exposure to two decay fungi on the withdrawal capacity of stainless-steel screws inserted in the face and end grain of radiata pine specimens were assessed. Wetting followed by steam sterilization significantly increased capacity by 55–65%. Exposure to a brown (Fomitopsis ostreiformis) or white rot fungus (Pycnoporus coccineus) over 25 weeks was associated with 81–83% and 24–42% losses in withdrawal capacity, respectively. Comparison of experimental results with those predicted from design codes (Australia, Europe, US) showed an overestimation of the screw withdrawal capacity for the control specimens and highlighted the risk of strength degradation, especially in those specimens affected by brown rots.
Miniaturized paper-based analytical device for the portable analysis of phyto-cannabinoids in plant and oral fluids
Authors: Houtzager Dymphy , Armenta Sergio , Herrero-Martínez José Manuel , Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela Héctor
Published: November 2023

In this work, a low-cost and eco-friendly paper-based analytical device (PAD) method is described for the determination of phyto-cannabinoids in cannabis and oral fluids based on a simple colorimetric reaction. The PAD was able to distinguish tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- and cannabidiol (CBD)-rich plant samples by using 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and later on to quantify total phyto-cannabinoid content (THC + CBD + CBN) in plant and oral fluids by using the Fast Corinth V reagent. The chemical and physical properties regarding paper type and reagent concentration in the PAD were optimized to achieve the best analytical performance. After that, analytical features were obtained, including a linear range of 0.01–0.1 mg mL−1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.003 mg mL−1, and a suitable precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 10%. Furthermore, no significant interferences were observed in colorimetric reactions when tea, herbs, and drug samples were analyzed. Additionally, the PAD proved color stability up to 1 month after the sampling at 25 °C. The developed PAD was suitable for determining total phyto-cannabinoid content in plants and oral fluids, obtaining good results compared to GC–MS. Overall, this method showed good reliability resulting in an operational on-site device for drug monitoring.

Graphical Abstract
Current Water Management of Small Lotic Waterbodies in the Context of Nature Conservation in Germany
Authors: Idilbi Isabelle , Ssymank Axel , Martens Andreas
Published: November 2023

Small lotic waterbodies are abundant and species rich habitats, offering refuges and microhabitats to protected species of the European Union Habitats Directive. Highly impacted by water management actions, it is essential to reveal the current status and challenges of water management. The present study aims to identify relevant issues by conducting a survey concerning water management authorities. Authorities were selected according to their involvement in the management of small lotic waterbodies within the actual range of a threatened species, Coenagrion mercuriale (Odonata), which is highly dependent on water management actions and protected by the Habitats Directive. The survey involved three sets of questionnaires, (1) socio-demographic (personal) questions (2) specific questions about water management and (3) questions on the biological background. Out of 181 selected authorities, 75 participated in the survey. The results showed that though nature conservation interests are partially considered, they represented a minor factor in water management decision-making. In addition, knowledge exchange is insufficient between involved stakeholders from policy, management practice and science, which was especially reflected in the case of equipment use and accruing material. The reconciliation of both, water management and nature conservation interests, can contribute to enhance the conservation status of key protected species of small lotic waterbodies under the Habitats Directive.
Olfactory training with four and eight odors: comparison with clinical testing and olfactory bulb volumetrics
Authors: Genetzaki Sotiria , Nikolaidis Vasilios , Markou Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Iordanis
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) is one of the most common causes of olfactory impairment but has limited treatment options. Recently, olfactory training (OT) has been considered an effective treatment method; however, several questions have arisen regarding its optimal scheme. The aim of this study was to assess whether an OT scheme with 8 odors is more effective than the classic OT scheme with 4 odors by comparing psychophysical test results and olfactory bulb (OB) volumetrics.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 72 patients with PIOD were included. The patients followed either the classic 4-odor OT scheme (COT; n = 34 patients) or an extended 8-odor scheme (EOT; n = 38 patients) for 16 weeks. All patients underwent olfactory testing with a Sniffin’Sticks battery test at 0, 8, and 16 weeks. Of the patients, 38 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging for OB volumetric assessment before and after treatment.

Results

The comparison of the olfactory test results did not show any significant difference between the two study groups, in agreement with the OB volumetrics. The convex OB showed better test results than the non-convex OB, with significantly better improvement after treatment regardless of OT type. The EOT group presented significantly better adherence than the COT group.

Conclusion

The number of odors did not appear to play a significant role in the effect of the OT. However, the training scheme with more than four odors showed better adherence among the patients in a long-term treatment plan. The shape of the OB may have prognostic value in clinical assessment and warrants further investigation.
Definition of a maximum threshold of direct solar radiation exposure for pedestrians of diverse walking abilities
Authors: Tomasi Marika , Nikolopoulou Marialena , Giridharan Renganathan , Löve Monika , Ratti Carlo
Published: November 2023

Since pedestrians are impacted by solar radiation differently, urban designers must evaluate solar radiation exposure of pedestrian paths adopting an inclusive approach. This paper proposes a maximum threshold of direct solar radiation exposure for pedestrians based on activity, user profile and environmental conditions, defined as the difference between the energy consumption before feeling exhausted and the energy cost of walking. Two users of diverse walking abilities, a young adult and an elderly person with mobility impairment, were characterised by metabolic activity, walking speed and maximum energy capacity. Based on the theoretical framework, the energy budget of young adults to cope with thermal stress was set as three times higher than for the elderly. This framework was used to quantify the contribution of direct solar radiation to energy balance and then classify walkability during clear-sky summer hours; the term ‘walkable’ referred to environmental conditions allowing users to walk without feeling exhausted. The methodology was tested on an open area and an urban canyon in Milan; applicability by urban designers was key in developing a simplified way to evaluate shading needs. This approach could be applied to evaluate solar radiation exposure of pedestrian paths adopting diverse user experiences as an evaluation criterion.
The role of dermocosmetics in the management of cancer-related skin toxicities: international expert consensus
Authors: Dreno Brigitte , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , De Barros Silva Giselle , Wolf Julie Ryan , Kerob Delphine , Trombetta Mark , Atenguena Etienne , Dielenseger Pascale , Pan Meng , Scotte Florian , Krakowski Ivan , Lacouture Mario
Published: November 2023

Skin toxicities are very common in patients undergoing cancer treatment and have been found to occur with all types of cancer therapeutic interventions (cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Further, skin toxicities can lead to interruption or even discontinuation of anticancer treatment in some patients, translating to suboptimal outcomes. Dermocosmetics (or cosmeceuticals)—defined as skincare solutions incorporating dermatologically active ingredients (beyond vehicle effects) that directly improve symptoms of various skin conditions—are increasingly being used in cancer care to prevent and manage skin toxicities. The active ingredients in these products have a measurable biological action in skin; they typically improve skin integrity (barrier function/hydration and other factors) while relieving skin symptoms. The Association Francophone des Soins Oncologiques de Support (AFSOS) and Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) partnered to select a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients with cancer and skin toxicities. The group reviewed existing literature and created a summary of recommendations for managing these toxicities through online meetings and communication. In this publication, the group (1) reviews new skin toxicities seen with oncology drugs and (2) evaluates the role of dermocosmetics in improving patient outcomes and minimizing cancer treatment interruptions. We provide general recommendations for initiation and selection of skin care in all oncology patients as well as recommendations for what factors should be considered when using dermocosmetics in specific types of skin toxicities.
Calibration Method and Material Constants of an Anisotropic, Linearly Elastic and Perfectly Plastic Mohr–Coulomb Constitutive Model for Opalinus Clay
Authors: Nordas Alexandros N. , Brauchart Alice , Anthi Maria , Anagnostou Georgios
Published: November 2023

Nagra, the cooperative for developing and implementing a long-term radioactive waste depository in Switzerland, identified Opalinus Clay as the most suitable host rock for deep geological containment. This paper deals with those features of Opalinus Clay that are important for the design and construction of the underground structures. Consolidated drained (CD) and consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial compression tests on specimens from deep boreholes revealed that Opalinus Clay exhibits pronounced stiffness and strength anisotropy, dependency of stiffness on the initial confining pressure, slightly non-linear pre-failure stress–strain behaviour, and a drop in axial resistance after a certain amount of shearing. Within the scope of establishing a rigorous—yet practical—design approach for the repository tunnels and caverns, the simplest possible constitutive model capable of reproducing the main aspects of the Opalinus Clay behaviour is adopted. The non-associated linear elastic and perfectly plastic MC model is chosen as a starting point, on account of its wide use in tunnel engineering practice, its simplicity, and the clear physical meaning of its parameters. This paper presents a systematic and robust calibration method for an extended version of this model, which considers the pronounced strength and stiffness anisotropy of Opalinus Clay. The paper additionally provides the full suite of the equations that describe the model behaviour under triaxial CU or CD testing conditions and for any bedding orientation relative to the specimen axis. The equations are employed to determine ranges of material constants for two varieties of Opalinus Clay, based upon the results of 73 CU and CD tests. A thorough comparison between the model predictions and the experimental response is conducted, to demonstrate the versatility and limitations of the constitutive model and of the proposed calibration approach.