bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2O2 photoproduction inside H2O and H2O:O2 ices at 20–140 K
Authors: Kulikov Mikhail Yu. , Feigin Alexander M. , Schrems Otto
Published: August 2019

We report the results of laboratory measurements of H2O2 production inside thin (50 nm thickness) H2O and H2O:O2 ice samples irradiated by 121.6 nm photons at different temperatures. In the case of H2O ice, H2O2 is formed at the temperatures below 60 К. In the case of H2O:O2 ice, H2O2 is formed in the 20–140 К range. For H2O:O2 = 9:1 ice, we derived H2O2 photochemical quantum yield as a function of sample irradiation temperature. The obtained data can be used for evaluation of H2O2 photoproduction at the surface of astrophysical water ice bodies and inside the particles of Noctilucent Clouds in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Reorganization of brain networks and its association with general cognitive performance over the adult lifespan
Authors: Bagarinao Epifanio , Watanabe Hirohisa , Maesawa Satoshi , Mori Daisuke , Hara Kazuhiro , Kawabata Kazuya , Yoneyama Noritaka , Ohdake Reiko , Imai Kazunori , Masuda Michihito , Yokoi Takamasa , Ogura Aya , Taoka Toshiaki , Koyama Shuji , Tanabe Hiroki C. , Katsuno Masahisa , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Kuzuya Masafumi , Ozaki Norio , Hoshiyama Minoru , Isoda Haruo , Naganawa Shinji , Sobue Gen
Published: August 2019

Healthy aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain even in individuals who are free of neurodegenerative diseases. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a carefully selected cohort of participants, we examined cross sectional changes in the functional organization of several large-scale brain networks over the adult lifespan and its potential association with general cognitive performance. Converging results from multiple analyses at the voxel, node, and network levels showed widespread reorganization of functional brain networks with increasing age. Specifically, the primary processing (visual and sensorimotor) and visuospatial (dorsal attention) networks showed diminished network integrity, while the so-called core neurocognitive (executive control, salience, and default mode) and basal ganglia networks exhibited relatively preserved between-network connections. The visuospatial and precuneus networks also showed significantly more widespread increased connectivity with other networks. Graph analysis suggested that this reorganization progressed towards a more integrated network topology. General cognitive performance, assessed by Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised total score, was positively correlated with between-network connectivity among the core neurocognitive and basal ganglia networks and the integrity of the primary processing and visuospatial networks. Mediation analyses further indicated that the observed association between aging and relative decline in cognitive performance could be mediated by changes in relevant functional connectivity measures. Overall, these findings provided further evidence supporting widespread age-related brain network reorganization and its potential association with general cognitive performance during healthy aging.
Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa
Authors: Gebrechorkos Solomon H. , Hülsmann Stephan , Bernhofer Christian
Published: August 2019

Detecting changes in climate is a prerequisite for a better understanding of the climate and developing adaptation and mitigation measures at a regional and local scale. In this study long-term trends in rainfall and maximum and minimum temperature (T-max and T-min) were analysed on seasonal and annual time scales for East Africa. High resolution gridded rainfall (1981–2016) and temperature (1979–2010) data from international databases like the Climate Hazards Group are used. Long-term seasonal trend analysis shows a non-significant (except for small areas), decreasing (increasing) trend in rainfall in eastern (western) parts of Ethiopia and Kenya and a decreasing trend in large parts of Tanzania during the long rainy season. On the other hand, a non-significant increasing trend in large parts of the region is observed during the short rain season. With regard to annual trends, results largely confirm seasonal analyses: only a few significant trends in rainfall, but significant increasing trends in T-max (up to 1.9 °C) and T-min (up to 1.2 °C) for virtually the whole region. Our results demonstrate the need and added value of analysing climate trends based on data with high spatial resolution allowing sustainable adaptation measures at local scales.
Impact of acetate- or citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysate on ex vivo aorta wall calcification
Authors: Villa-Bellosta Ricardo , Hernández-Martínez Eduardo , Mérida-Herrero Eva , González-Parra Emilio
Published: August 2019

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic hemodialysis. Increased acetatemia during hemodialysis sessions using acetate-acidified bicarbonate has also been associated with several abnormalities, By contrast, these abnormalities were not induced by citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis. Moreover, citrate is biocompatible alternative to acetate in dialysis fluid. However, the effects of citrate on vascular calcification during hemodialysis had not been studied in detail. This study analyzed herein the effects of acetate- or citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis on vascular calcification. Citrate has been shown to inhibit calcification in urine in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, our hypothesis is that citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis could reduce vascular calcification. Blood samples before and after hemodialysis from patients on acetate- or citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis were collected in heparin-containing tubes (n = 35 and n = 25 respectively). To explore the effect of pre- and post-dialysis plasmatic bicarbonate and citrate on vascular calcification, rats aortic rings cultured ex vivo in Minimum Essential Medium containing 0.1% FBS and 45-calcium as radiotracer were used (n = 24). After 7 days of incubation aortic rings were dried, weighed and radioactivity was measured via liquid scintillation counting. Bicarbonate levels increase calcium accumulation in rat aortic wall in a dose-response manner (pH = 7.4). Moreover, citrate prevents calcium accumulation, with a mean inhibitor concentration (IC50) value of 733 µmol/L. During acetate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis, bicarbonate and citrate levels in plasma increase (22.29 ± 3.59 versus 28.63 ± 3.56 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and decrease (133.3 ± 53.6 versus 87.49 ± 32.3 µmol/L, p < 0.001), respectively. These changes in pos-hemodialysis plasma significantly (p < 0.001) alter calcium accumulation in the aortic wall (38.9% higher). Moreover, citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis increases post-hemodialysis citrate levels 5-fold (145 ± 79.8 versus 771.6 ± 184.3 µmol/L), reducing calcium accumulation in the aortic wall. Citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis reduces plasmatic calcium and pH variations during dialysis session (Δ[Ca2+] = −0.019 ± 0.089; ΔpH = 0.098 ± 0.043) respect to acetate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis (Δ[Ca2+] = 0.115 ± 0.118; ΔpH = 0.171 ± 0.078). To our knowledge, our study is the first to show that citrate protects against calcium accumulation in rat aortic walls ex vivo. Therefore, citrate-acidified bicarbonate dialysis may be an alternative approach to reduce calcification in hemodialysis patients without additional cost.
Investigation of cobalt bioaccumulation in Rhodopseudomonas palustris by proteomics analysis
Authors: Wang Yiming , Ma Chen , Zhang Jin , Tong Jin , Gao Rui , Dai Wei
Published: August 2019

Cobalt bioaccumulation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris), which has different modes of metabolism for tolerating heavy metal stress, was investigated using proteomics analysis under aerobic-dark conditions in the presence of a high cobalt concentration.
Review of 3D cell culture with analysis in microfluidic systems
Authors: Castiaux Andre D. , Spence Dana M. , Martin R. Scott
Published: August 2019

A review with 105 references that analyzes the emerging research area of 3D cell culture in microfluidic platforms with integrated detection schemes.
Tunable functionalization of silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles achieved through a silanol–alcohol condensation reaction
Authors: Kang Henry J. H. , Ali Rana Faryad , Paul Michael T. Y. , Radford Melissa J. , Andreu Irene , Lee Austin W. H. , Gates Byron D.
Published: August 2019

Alcohol-based reagents provide a versatile platform to covalently functionalize the surfaces of silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles through a silanol–alcohol condensation.
Concentration as a trigger to improve electrocatalytic activity of a Prussian blue analogue in glucose oxidation
Authors: Zhao Zhimin , Ding Jiawei , Zhou Huijie , Zhu Rongmei , Pang Huan
Published: August 2019

Nickel-based Prussian blue analogues were synthesized as electrode materials for electrocatalytic glucose oxidation, and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.
Inverted ZnSe/CdSe core–shell nanobelts with type-I behavior: preparation, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances
Authors: Gu Yarong , Sun Chengcheng , Zhang Chao , Luo Xiangdong , Xue Chang , Zhao Lijuan
Published: August 2019

ZnSe nanobelts were prepared by a thermal evaporation method, and inverted ZnSe/CdSe core–shell nanobelts were formed by coating a narrow-gap CdSe shell outside the as-prepared wide-gap ZnSe nanobelt through a cation replacement process.
Determining the role of redox-active materials during laser-induced water decomposition
Authors: Kalus Mark-Robert , Lanyumba Riskyanti , Lorenzo-Parodi Nerea , Jochmann Maik A. , Kerpen Klaus , Hagemann Ulrich , Schmidt Torsten C. , Barcikowski Stephan , Gökce Bilal
Published: August 2019

The decomposition of water and the formation of molecular hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide during laser ablation of redox-active materials is systematically studied and related to the ablation rate and oxidation degree of the nanoparticles.
Spin–lattice correlation in Eu3+ doped antiferromagnet TmFeO3
Authors: Sharma Poorva , Yogi Arvind , Kumar Ashwini , Li Rubin , Sharma Gaurav , Fan Jiyu , Sathe V. , Li Qi , Ren Wei , Cao Shixun
Published: August 2019

We report the physical properties of Eu-doped bulk TmFeO3 through XRD, magnetic susceptibility, Raman scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study. Eu3+ doping at Tm-site influence the magnetic properties through strong spin–lattice correlations in TmFeO3.
Impact of sulfur-containing amino acids on the plasma metabolomics and intestinal microflora of the sow in late pregnancy
Authors: Ding Sujuan , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Fang Jun , Zhou Xihong , Xu Kang , Yin Yulong , Liu Gang
Published: August 2019

Which optimum ratio of Met/Cys is better to maintain the health status of the sow during late pregnancy?
Assembling and rotating erythrocyte aggregates by acoustofluidic pressure enabling full phase-contrast tomography
Authors: Cacace Teresa , Memmolo Pasquale , Villone Massimiliano M. , De Corato Marco , Mugnano Martina , Paturzo Melania , Ferraro Pietro , Maffettone Pier Luca
Published: August 2019

The combined use of ultrasound radiation, microfluidics and digital holographic imaging is a promising tool for aiding the development of lab-on-a-chip devices.
A fluoride selective water-soluble anion receptor based on a 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid and calcium ion dimer
Authors: Sohn Dae Hyup , Kim Nayeon , Jang Soonmin , Kang Jongmin
Published: August 2019

The dimeric receptor 1 from 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid and calcium ions recognized fluoride ions almost exclusively in 100% water.
Copper-catalyzed selective difunctionalization of N-heteroarenes through a halogen atom transfer radical process
Authors: Fang Hui-Lin , Sun Qiu , Ye Rong , Sun Jing , Han Ying , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: August 2019

A highly regioselective Cu-catalyzed difunctionalization of quinolinium and benzothiazolim salts was developed with ether and halide (X = Br, Cl) as the halogen source under mild conditions.
Insight into the self-assembly of water-soluble perylene bisimide derivatives through a combined computational and experimental approach
Authors: Draper Emily R. , Wilbraham Liam , Adams Dave J. , Wallace Matthew , Schweins Ralf , Zwijnenburg Martijn A.
Published: August 2019

We use a combination of computational and experimental techniques to study the self-assembly and gelation of amino-acid functionalised water-soluble perylene bisimides.
Microcalorimetry and fluorescence show stable peptide nucleic acid (PNA) duplexes in high organic content solvent mixtures
Authors: Núñez-Pertíñez Samuel , Wilks Thomas R. , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: August 2019

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) hybridisation is highly tolerant to the addition of organic solvent. This finding suggests that PNA could enable the use of a range of water-sensitive chemistries in nucleic acid templating applications.
Correction: Consecutive multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules
Authors: Zhi Sanjun , Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Consecutive multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules’ by Sanjun Zhi et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00772e.
PHEMA hydrogel films crosslinked with dynamic disulfide bonds: synthesis, swelling-induced mechanical instability and self-healing
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Qianbing , Chen Mao , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: August 2019

Undesired swelling-induced instability patterns on substrate-attached hydrogel films can be self-healed by the introduction of dynamic covalent bonds.
Synthesis of a high-surface area V2O5/TiO2–SiO2catalyst and its application in the visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Adepu Ajay Kumar , Goskula Srinath , Chirra Suman , Siliveri Suresh , Gujjula Sripal Reddy , Narayanan Venkatathri
Published: August 2019

In the present study, we synthesized several high-surface area V2O5/TiO2–SiO2catalysts (vanado titanium silicate, VTS). The synthesized materials are characterized by PXRD, FE-SEM/EDAX, TEM, BET-surface area, FT-IR, UV-Vis, XPS, fluorescence and photocatalytic studies.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of novel Eu2+/3+, Ce3+ ion single- and co-doped BaZn2(PO4)2 phosphors for white-light applications
Authors: Zhu Yuhan , Wang Wenjun , Xu Zefeng , Luo Qi , Li Ling , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: August 2019

A series of novel Eu2+/3+, Ce3+ ion single- and co-doped BaZn2(PO4)2 samples were prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction.
Fusion and clustering of spherical micelles by extruding through a cylindrical channel
Authors: Chen Manman , Zhang Xinghua , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2019

Experiments have shown that worm-like cylindrical micelles can be obtained by extruding spherical micelles through a cylindrical channel.
Pre-clinical effects of highly potent MEK1/2 inhibitors on rat cerebral vasculature after organ culture and subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Christensen Simon T. , Haanes Kristian A. , Spray Stine , Grell Anne-Sofie , Warfvinge Karin , Edvinsson Lars , Johansson Sara E.
Published: August 2019

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a variant of haemorrhagic stroke with a striking 50% mortality rate. In addition to the initial insult, secondary delayed brain injury may occur days after the initial ischemic insult and is associated with vasospasms leading to delayed cerebral ischemia. We have previously shown that the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 improves neurological assessment after SAH in rats. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to analyse the impact of a broad selection of high potency MEK1/2 inhibitors in an organ culture model and use the IC50 values obtained from the organ culture to select highly potent inhibitors for pre-clinical in vivo studies. Results: Nine highly potent mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitors were screened and the two most potent inhibitors from the organ culture screening, trametinib and PD0325901, were tested in an in vivo experimental rat SAH model with intrathecal injections. Subsequently, the successful inhibitor trametinib was administered intraperitoneally in a second in vivo study. In both regimens, trametinib treatment caused significant reductions in the endothelin-1 induced contractility after SAH, which is believed to be associated with endothelin B receptor up-regulation. Trametinib treated rats showed improved neurological scores, evaluated by the ability to traverse a rotating pole, after induced SAH. Conclusion: The PD0325901 treatment did not improve the neurological score after SAH, nor showed any beneficial therapeutic effect on the contractility, contrasting with the reduction in neurological deficits seen after trametinib treatment. These data show that trametinib might be a potential candidate for treatment of SAH.
Characteristics and restraining strategy of fault current in VSG
Authors: Yang Xuhong , Chen Hao
Published: August 2019

With the increase of distributed generation (DG), DG is needed to provide inertia for the grid to maintain the security and stability of the grid. Therefore, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology is proposed to compensate for the loss of inertia and reserve capacity. Similar to SGs, the large transient inrush fault current will flow into VSG at the moment of fault, which may lead to the damage of inverters and the instability of the power grid. Therefore, the characteristics of the inrush fault current of the VSG are studied. On the basis of this, a fault current limitation strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified by simulation.
Deep cycle autoencoder for unsupervised domain adaptation with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Zhou Wen'an , Yang Bin , Huan Jun
Published: August 2019

Deep learning is a powerful tool for domain adaptation by learning robust high‐level domain invariant representations. Recently, adversarial domain adaptation models are applied to learn representations with adversarial training manners in feature space. However, existing models often ignore the generation process for domain adaptation. To tackle this problem, deep cycle autoencoder (DCA) is proposed that integrates a generation procedure into the adversarial adaptation methods. The proposed DCA consists of four parts, a shared encoder, two separated decoders, a discriminator and a linear classifier. With the labelled source images and unlabelled target images as inputs, the encoder extracts high‐level representations for both source and target domains, and the two decoders reconstruct the inputs with the latent representations separately. The shared encoder is pitted against the discriminator; the encoder tries to confuse the discriminator while discriminator aims at distinguishing which domain the latent representations come from. DCA adopts both adversarial loss and maximum mean discrepancy loss in the latent space for distribution alignment. The classifier is trained with both the source original and reconstructed image representations. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed methods.
Variable‐fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian
Published: August 2019

Accounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low‐cost and accurate yield estimation procedure for compact microwave couplers is proposed. Authors’ technique involves variable‐fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulation models, as well as fast surrogates constructed using a response feature approach. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the analysis, the primary surrogate is obtained from the characteristic points of the low‐fidelity model and, subsequently, corrected using a single evaluation of the high‐fidelity model. Combination of both methods results in an extremely low cost of yield estimation being just a few high‐fidelity EM analyses. For the sake of demonstration, a compact hybrid rat‐race coupler operating at 1 GHz is considered. Yield estimation is carried out under several scenarios concerning various probability distributions of the geometry parameter deviations. Reliability of the approach is verified by comparing the results with direct Monte–Carlo analysis and single‐fidelity feature‐based yield estimation.
Deep representation method for radar emitter signal using wavelet packets decomposition
Authors: Cao Yang , Bai Jin Liang , Li Hongbo , Zhao Jian , Liu Shuo , Gao Zhiyong
Published: August 2019

Signal representation is to transform the intercepted original signal into feature parameters, which is the basis for the electronic reconnaissance system to analyse and identify a radar. The traditional method is to manually design a limited number of features with prior knowledge, which can only achieve the desired results in specific applications. Therefore, it is necessary to study signal representation methods that are more adaptable, reasonable, and effective. This study proposes a feature‐level design scheme that extracts multi‐level signal feature parameters to obtain deep essential feature representations, which is consistent with deep‐learning frameworks. Through the decomposition through wavelet packet transform (WPT), the best sub‐band tree structure of the signal can be obtained, and the depth representation of the signal can be well achieved, which can meet requirements of time–frequency analysis automatically. Here, Symlets wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) is used as an example to implement multi‐layer signal feature representation. The combination of characteristic parameters at different levels can reflect the different information contained in different radar signals. The simulation results show that the method can effectively identify the modulation mode of radar signals and enhance the information mining ability from radar signals.
SRoll2: an improved mapmaking approach to reduce large-scale systematic effects in the Planck High Frequency Instrument legacy maps
Authors: Delouis J.-M. , Pagano L. , Mottet S. , Puget J.-L. , Vibert L.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes an improved map making approach with respect to the one used for the Planck High Frequency Instrument 2018 Legacy release. The algorithm SRoll2 better corrects the known instrumental effects that still affected mostly the polarized large-angular-scale data by distorting the signal, and/or leaving residuals observable in null tests. The main systematic effect is the nonlinear response of the onboard analog-to-digital convertors that was cleaned in the Planck HFI Legacy release as an empirical time-varying linear detector chain response which is the first-order effect. The SRoll2 method fits the model parameters for higher-order effects and corrects the full distortion of the signal. The model parameters are fitted using the redundancies in the data by iteratively comparing the data and a model. The polarization efficiency uncertainties and associated errors have also been corrected based on the redundancies in the data and their residual levels characterized with simulations. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the method using end-to-end simulations, and provides a measure of the systematic effect residuals that now fall well below the detector noise level. Finally, this paper describes and characterizes the resulting SRoll2 frequency maps using the associated simulations that are released to the community.
Is spectral width a reliable measure of GRB emission physics?
Authors: Burgess J. M.
Published: August 2019

The spectral width and sharpness of unfolded, observed gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra have been presented as a new tool to infer physical properties about GRB emission via spectral fitting of empirical models. Following the tradition of the “line-of-death”, the spectral width has been used to rule out synchrotron emission in a majority of GRBs. This claim is investigated via reexamination of previously reported width measures. Then, a sample of peak-flux GRB spectra are fit with an idealized, physical synchrotron model. It is found that many spectra can be adequately fit by this model even when the width measures would reject it. Thus, the results advocate for fitting a physical model to be the sole tool for testing that model. Finally, a smoothly-broken power law is fit to these spectra allowing for the spectral curvature to vary during the fitting process in order to understand why the previous width measures poorly predict the spectra. It is found that the failing of previous width measures is due to a combination of inferring physical parameters from unfolded spectra as well as the presence of multiple widths in the data beyond what the Band function can model.
Rezidivierende respiratorische Papillomatose: Aktuelles zu
Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Langer Christine , Wittekindt Claus , Wolf Gregor
Published: August 2019

Die rezidivierende respiratorische Papillomatose (RRP) – ausgelöst durch das
humane Papillomavirus (HPV) – ist durch warzenartige Veränderungen der Atemwege
gekennzeichnet. Der klinische Verlauf ist variabel, die Diagnosestellung erfolgt
nicht selten wesentlich später als der Symptombeginn, insbesondere bei Kindern.
Die Behandlung wird individuell festgelegt und umfasst meist Operationen zur
Tumorkontrolle und zum Erhalt der Stimmfunktion.
Adenotonsillektomie: Umfrage zu Methoden und
Befindlichkeiten der Operateure
Authors: Gerstner AOH
Published: August 2019

Kilavuz AE et al. Surgeons’ preferences and anxiety levels in paediatric
adenotonsillectomy: European perspective. J Laryngol Otol 2019; 133: 333–338

Zur gleichzeitigen Entfernung von Gaumen- und Rachenmandeln gibt es
verschiedene chirurgische Verfahren. Türkische HNO-Ärzte untersuchten,
welche Verfahren Chirurgen für die Adenotonsillektomie präferieren und
welche Angstzustände mit welchem Verfahren verbunden sind.
Die Kehrseite der Medaille
Authors: Albrecht Andrea , Kirchhoff Nadine
Published: August 2019

Was bedeutet das Pflegebudget praktisch? Wohin können die Untergrenzen führen?
Was passiert mit dem PKMS? Andrea Albrecht, Pflegedirektorin am Lukaskrankenhaus
Neuss und Controllerin Nadine Kirchhoff wagen einen kritischen Blick.
Alien forms for alien language: investigating novel form spaces in cultural evolution
Authors: Cuskley Christine
Published: August 2019

A cornerstone of experimental studies in language evolution has been iterated artificial language learning: studies where participants learn of artificial ‘alien’ languages, and the product of their learning is then passed onto other participants successively. Results over the last decade show that some defining features of human language can arise under these experimental conditions, which use iteration to simulate processes of cultural transmission. The form modalities used in iterated learning studies have expanded considerably in recent years, but the dynamics of how learning a completely novel form system interact with processes of cultural transmission are only beginning to be explored. This paper provides a brief overview of artificial language learning studies in the context of language evolution, situating them in a framework which focuses on forms used in learning and production. This issue is further explored with an iterated experiment which focuses on the role of learning completely novel forms in isolation. This experiment uses a new set of graphical symbols called Ferros, which are produced using a virtual palette. Results show that properties of this novel form space—in particular, ease of articulation—have specific effects on sequence learning and evolution. These results have implications for how forms and modalities might constrain language systems, and demonstrate how the use of truly novel alien forms might be extended to address new questions in cultural and linguistic evolution.
Faith-based organizations in Turkey as indirect political patronage tools
Authors: Arslan Köse Sakine
Published: August 2019

Social assistance is one of the most effective tools for poverty alleviation. However, it can also serve as a means of managing and silencing the poor in regard to the difficulties imposed by the system in which they live. Recognizing the voting potential of the poor in Turkey, political parties have frequently implemented social assistance and political patronage. Faith-based organizations (FBOs) also operate in the field of social assistance and are supported by the government. There have been people and organizations that have had an intermediary role in Turkey since the era of the Ottoman Empire. In this regard, the missing element in the existing literature is an examination of the intermediary role played by social assistance in political patronage. This study coins the term indirect political patronage (IPP) to address the role of FBOs that work to consolidate the government in Turkey. The significance of this paper is that it brings together a discussion on the FBOs (religion) and political patronage implementation in social assistance programmes (poverty) to understand and examine the role played by FBOs by using the concept of IPP. To scrutinize these roles, the examination of the relationship between the state and FBOs in social assistance programmes is of key importance. The relationship can be observed in several spheres, such as governmental incentives as dependency indicators. The relationship also presents a periodization of FBOs regarding their visibility in the public space and the roles that they play in domestic politics, which are both closely related to their performance as actors of IPP. Furthermore, the classification that this study offers through this periodization, noninstitutionalized and institutionalized, provides an organizational analysis of the evolution of FBOs in terms of building necessary skills and achieving a certain level of establishment. In this study, conceptual arguments, field studies, in-depth interviews, and statistical data on social assistance were utilized. FBOs that are affiliated with a religious community, enjoy public benefit status and operate in the districts that are locally run by Justice and Development Party (JDP) municipalities were selected for the purposes of measuring and evaluating their roles in IPP.
Off-shell Jost function for the Hulthén potential in all partial waves
Authors: Bhoi J. , Behera A. K. , Laha U.
Published: August 2019

A new expression for the Hulthén off-shell Jost function in all partial waves is constructed in its maximal reduced form. As a basic requirement the on-shell solutions are first developed by following the differential equation approach to the problem together with judicious exploitation of the properties of certain special functions of mathematical physics. Utilizing the properties of the Jost function, the binding energies and phase shifts for N-N and n-d systems are computed and found excellent agreement with standard data.
Two-dimensional Helmholtz equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition on a circle: Analytic results for boundary deformation, the transition disk-lens
Authors: de Prunelé E.
Published: August 2019

A deformation of a disk D of radius r is described as follows: Let two disks D1 and D2 have the same radius r, and let the distance between the two disk centers be 2a, 0 ≤ a ≤ r. The deformation transforms D into the intersection D1 ∩ D2. This deformation is parametrized by ε = a/r. For ε = 0, there is no deformation, and the deformation starts when ε, starting from 0, increases, transforming the disk into a lens. Analytic results are obtained for the eigenvalues of Helmholtz equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition to the lowest order in ε for this deformation. These analytic results are obtained via a Hamiltonian method for solving the Helmholtz equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition on two intersecting circles of equal radii for 0 ≤ a ≤ r. This method involves partial wave expansion and a Green function approach.
Minimizers of the entropic uncertainty principle for locally compact quantum groups
Authors: Wu Jinsong
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we give an alternative proof of the Hirschman-Beckner uncertainty principle for locally compact quantum groups and characterize the minimizers of the uncertainty principles.
Numerical simulation of forced circular jets: Effect of flapping perturbation
Authors: Gohil Trushar B. , Saha Arun K.
Published: August 2019

The forcing in round jets has large scale effects on the development and characteristics of the flow field such as the entrainment, spreading rate, and mixing of the flow. In the present work, an active control technique called the large scale flapping perturbation is studied for influencing the evolution of the circular jet. Direct numerical simulation of incompressible, spatially developing circular jets at a Reynolds number of 1000 is reported. The flow field has been explored by solving three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations using second order spatial and temporal discretization. Among the considered variables (apart from the excitation amplitude), the perturbation frequency is the most important controlling parameter. For a circular jet at an excitation frequency of 0.1, there is evidence of a Y-shaped bifurcation on the bifurcating plane, while no bifurcation is observed on the other orthogonal plane. With an increase in the excitation frequency to 0.3, the circular jet issued from the orifice divides itself into three parts and a ψ-shaped bifurcation is obtained on the bifurcating plane. The development of the ψ-shaped bifurcation may be due to the interaction of the consecutive vortex ring and the formation of elongated vortices. However, with further increase in the excitation frequency, the spreading rate becomes weaker with the evidence of formation of the ψ-shaped bifurcation.
Computing committor functions for the study of rare events using deep learning
Authors: Li Qianxiao , Lin Bo , Ren Weiqing
Published: August 2019

The committor function is a central object of study in understanding transitions between metastable states in complex systems. However, computing the committor function for realistic systems at low temperatures is a challenging task due to the curse of dimensionality and the scarcity of transition data. In this paper, we introduce a computational approach that overcomes these issues and achieves good performance on complex benchmark problems with rough energy landscapes or in high dimensions. The new approach combines deep learning, data sampling, and feature engineering techniques. This establishes an alternative practical method for studying rare transition events between metastable states in complex, high dimensional systems.
A Sesquiterpene Isonitrile with a New Tricyclic Skeleton from the Indo-Pacific Nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa: Spectroscopic and Computational Studies
Authors: Sim Desmond C.-M. , Hungerford Natasha L. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Pierens Gregory K. , Andrews Katherine T. , Skinner-Adams Tina S. , Garson Mary J.
Published: August 2019

The sesquiterpene isonitrile, 9-isocyanoneoallopupukeanane 1, has been obtained from the Indo-Pacific nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa. The structure of 1, which was investigated by extensive NMR experiments, molecular modelling studies, and density functional calculations, has a different arrangement of the tricyclic ring system compared with other isonitrile metabolites isolated from nudibranchs or sponges. The viability of a biosynthetic pathway leading to 1, proposed to involve a series of carbocation rearrangements, is explored in a computational study. Isonitrile 1 exhibited micromolar antimalarial activity when screened against Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes.
Morphological phylogeny of Thripidae (Thysanoptera : Terebrantia)
Authors: Zhang Shimeng , Mound Laurence , Feng Jinian
Published: August 2019

Thripidae, one of the largest families of Thysanoptera, is widely distributed throughout the world. To explore the phylogenetic relationships and current classification of Thripidae, a cladistic analysis is presented based on 117 morphological characters scored from 114 species representing 94 genera. This analysis was used to reconstruct the ancestral feeding habits of Thripidae, with the result that leaf-feeding is recognised as ancestral within this family, and flower-feeding derived. Thripidae is recovered as a monophyletic group, but the three subfamilies Dendrothripinae, Sericothripinae and Panchaetothripinae are all recovered as nested within the fourth and major subfamily Thripinae. Sericothripinae is related to the Scirtothrips genus-group in Thripinae, but a close relationship to Echinothrips is not supported. Intergeneric relationships within Dendrothripinae are relatively well resolved. Three tribes in Panchaetothripinae are not monophyletic but Tryphactothripini genera form a clade with Panchaetothrips. Subfamily Thripinae is paraphyletic, but includes several monophyletic genus-groups (Rhamphothrips genus-group, Trichromothrips genus-group, Thrips genus-group, Frankliniella genus-group, Chirothrips genus-group). Relationships within the Thrips genus-group are poorly resolved, presumably due to a high degree of homoplasy. Five genera (Amomothrips, Moundinothrips, Smilothrips, Ctenothrips and Sciothrips) are placed into the Taeniothrips genus-group, and three genera (Salpingothrips, Tusothrips and Chaetanaphothrips) are proposed as the Chaetanaphothrips genus-group. The previously accepted Anaphothrips genus-group and Mycterothrips genus-group are not recovered, presumably because the supporting characters are merely superficial resemblance with no phylogenetic significance. This work resolves the systematic relationships among most thripid genera, as well as providing a morphological background for the evolution of Thripidae.
Challenges to natural and human communities from surprising ocean temperatures
Authors: Pershing Andrew J. , Record Nicholas R. , Franklin Bradley S. , Kennedy Brian T. , McClenachan Loren , Mills Katherine E. , Scott James D. , Thomas Andrew C. , Wolff Nicholas H.
Published: August 2019

The community of species, human institutions, and human activities at a given location have been shaped by historical conditions (both mean and variability) at that location. Anthropogenic climate change is now adding strong trends on top of existing natural variability. These trends elevate the frequency of “surprises”—conditions that are unexpected based on recent history. Here, we show that the frequency of surprising ocean temperatures has increased even faster than expected based on recent temperature trends. Using a simple model of human adaptation, we show that these surprises will increasingly challenge natural modes of adaptation that rely on historical experience. We also show that warming rates are likely to shift natural communities toward generalist species, reducing their productivity and diversity. Our work demonstrates increasing benefits for individuals and institutions from betting that trends will continue, but this strategy represents a radical shift that will be difficult for many to make.
Inference of complex population histories using whole-genome sequences from multiple populations
Authors: Steinrücken Matthias , Kamm Jack , Spence Jeffrey P. , Song Yun S.
Published: August 2019

Significance

An increasing number of population genomic studies now try to infer complex models of population history using a number of whole-genome sequences sampled from multiple populations. A key technical challenge to this effort is to compute model likelihoods, which involves integrating out latent variables (genealogical histories) that live in extremely high dimensions. This is a notoriously difficult computational problem, especially when the sample size is greater than a handful and the underlying population genetic model is complex. Here, we present an efficient, flexible statistical method that can scale to larger sample sizes and more populations than previously possible. Aside from demographic inference, our method can be used in other statistical inference problems in evolutionary biology and human genetics.
Media credibility
Authors: Zhang Hongzhong , Du Juana , Wang Rui
Published: August 2019

Media credibility, as a construct that has been mainly developed in the western context, hasn’t been examined
thoroughly and tested in Asia cultural and social context. This research discusses and verifies media credibility as a
multi-dimensional construct, with the support of empirical data. It discusses the impact of privately-owned news websites, e.g.
Sina, on state-owned television stations, e.g. CCTV, with a focus on media credibility in the context of China. The data supports
that media credibility includes both professional and political dimensions. The dimension of political orientation is a unique one
developed directly in the context of China with empirical data support. This paper also explores contributing factors that impact
media credibility in the Chinese context, and finds positive impact of privately-owned website use on media credibility of
state-owned television.
English within Japanese
Authors: Nishi Hironori
Published: August 2019

The present study examined English textbooks used in Japanese middle and high schools, and analyzed to what extent
the English words that are included in those textbooks are already integrated into the vocabulary pool of Japanese as loanwords.
The findings of the present study showed that approximately 80% of the English words introduced in the first four years of English
education in schools in Japan are already integrated into Japanese as loanwords. Based on this high percentage of English words
with loanword counterparts in Japanese, the present study has argued that English loanwords in Japanese can be used as a resource
for learning new vocabulary in the field of EFL education for L1 speakers of Japanese.
What can we learn about social media influence in the Malaysian 14th General Election?
Authors: Rahim Samsudin A.
Published: August 2019

Social media as a new tool for political communication influences current developments in political campaigning.
In combination with mainstream media, social media is increasingly used for purposes such as political marketing, mobilisation of
voters, and public debate. This paper discusses how social media helped the Malaysian main opposition coalition, Alliance of Hope
(PH), to topple the ruling party, National Front (BN), which had ruled Malaysia for the last 61 years. Literature on new media
rarely shows positive relationships between new media usage and voting decisions. At most, social media plays a crucial role in
extending the dissemination of information to voters. However, PH had to rely solely on social media for their political marketing
in reaching out to both urban and rural constituencies, as the coalition was denied access to the government-controlled mainstream
media. With data-based information, PH was able to segment voters and focus on marginalised constituencies, young voters,
middle-class urban voters, and rural constituencies, which were the ruling party’s main fortress, contributing to 57% of the vote.
One of the misconceptions many politicians and political parties have is that merely using social media will win them the
election. Ultimately, what mattered more in this case was whether political parties could register the currents of change
percolating within an evolving Malaysian society and address voter grievances accordingly, something that BN, even with control
over mainstream media and superior usage of social media, did not do.
Control of electron dynamics, radical and metastable species generation in atmospheric pressure RF plasma jets by Voltage Waveform Tailoring
Authors: Korolov I , Donkó Z , Hübner G , Bischoff L , Hartmann P , Gans T , Liu Y , Mussenbrock T , Schulze J
Published: August 2019

Atmospheric pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges operated in He/N2 mixtures and driven by tailored voltage waveforms are investigated experimentally using a COST microplasma reference jet and by means of kinetic simulations as a function of the reactive gas admixture and the number of consecutive harmonics used to drive the plasma. Pulse-type ‘peaks’-waveforms, that consist of up to four consecutive harmonics of the fundamental frequency (f = 13.56 MHz), are used at a fixed peak-to-peak voltage of 400 V. Based on an excellent agreement between experimental and simulation results with respect to the DC self-bias and the spatio-temporal electron impact excitation dynamics, we demonstrate that Voltage Waveform Tailoring allows for the control of the dynamics of energetic electrons, the electron energy distribution function in distinct spatio-temporal regions of interest, and, thus, the generation of atomic nitrogen as well as helium metastables, which are highly relevant for a variety of technological and biomedical applications. By tuning the number of driving frequencies and the reactive gas admixture, the generation of these important species can be optimised. The behaviour of the DC self-bias, which is different compared to that in low pressure capacitive radio frequency plasmas, is understood based on an analytical model.
Chaotic analysis of Atangana–Baleanu derivative fractional order Willis aneurysm system*
Authors: Gao Fei , Li Wen-Qin , Tong Heng-Qing , Li Xi-Ling
Published: August 2019

A new Willis aneurysm system is proposed, which contains the Atangana–Baleanu(AB) fractional derivative. we obtain the numerical solution of the Atangana–Baleanu fractional Willis aneurysm system (ABWAS) with the AB fractional integral and the predictor–corrector scheme. Moreover, we research the chaotic properties of ABWAS with phase diagrams and Poincare sections. The different values of pulse pressure and system order are used to evaluate and compare their effects on ABWAS. The simulations verify that the changes of pulse pressure and system order are the significant reason for ABWAS’ states varying from chaotic to steady. In addition, compared with Caputo fractional WAS (FWAS), ABWAS shows less state that is chaotic. Furthermore, the results of bifurcation diagrams of blood flow damping coefficient and reciprocal heart rate show that the blood flow velocity tends to stabilize with the increase of blood flow damping coefficient or reciprocal heart rate, which is consistent with embolization therapy and drug therapy for clinical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Finally, in view of the fact that ABWAS in chaotic state increases the possibility of rupture of cerebral aneurysms, a reasonable controller is designed to control ABWAS based on the stability theory. Compared with the control results of FWAS by the same method, the results show that the blood flow velocity in the ABWAS system varies in a smaller range. Therefore, the control effect of ABWAS is better and more stable. The new Willis aneurysm system with Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative provides new information for the further study on treatment and control of brain aneurysms.