bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Participant Retention Rates in a Longitudinal Malaria Immunology Study
Authors: Mistry Anushay , Odwar Boaz , Olewe Fredrick , Kurtis Jonathan , Moormann Ann M. , Ong’echa John Michael
Published: April 2022

The resurgence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites continues to motivate the development of a safe and efficacious malaria vaccine. Immuno-epidemiologic studies of naturally acquired immunity (NAI) have been a useful strategy to identify new malaria vaccine targets. However, retention of pediatric participants throughout longitudinal studies is essential for gathering comprehensive exposure and outcome data. Within the context of a 3-year cohort (N = 400) study involving monthly finger prick and bi-annual venous blood sample collections, we conducted qualitative surveys to assess factors impacting participant retention. Phase 1 was conducted 3 months after enrollment in July 2018 and phase 2, 12 months later. In phase 1, 236 parents/guardians participated in focus groups and three withdrawn participants and 10 community health volunteers (CHVs) in key informant interviews. Qualitative analysis indicated overall satisfaction with the study, with 61.8% (136/220 respondents) reporting no concerns. Focus group discussants associated attendance with benefits such as improved access to comprehensive healthcare services. Community health volunteers reported concerns over village rumors of inappropriate use of blood samples and dangers associated with venous blood draws. Phase 2 involved 205 parents/guardians and revealed continued satisfaction, with 46.3% (95/205) identifying no concerns, but expressed increasing worries regarding the amount of venous blood sample. This concern was reflected in an uptick of missed visits when venous blood samples were scheduled. Future studies will address parental concerns to determine whether community engagement and education measures increase study retention until completion.
Review of Vehicle Engine Efficiency and Emissions
Authors: Joshi Ameya
Published: April 2022

This review covers advances in regulations and technologies in the past year in the field of vehicular emissions. We cover major developments towards reducing criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions from both light- and heavy-duty vehicles and off-road machinery. To suggest that the transportation is transforming rapidly is an understatement, and many changes have happened already since our review last year [1]. Notably, the US and Europe revised the CO2 standards for light-duty vehicles and electrification mandates were introduced in various regions of the world. These have accelerated plans to introduce electrified powertrains, which include hybrids and pure electric vehicles. However, a full transformation to electric vehicles and the required grid decarbonization will take time, and policy makers are accordingly also tightening criteria pollutant standards for internal combustion engines. California has published the Advanced Clean Cars II standards and Europe has held various workshops outlining the core elements of future Euro 7 regulations. These will likely be the last major regulations for criteria pollutants, and compliant vehicles will likely be zero-impact emitting, that is with tailpipe emissions at or lower than the ambient concentrations. Meeting these regulations will require adoption of several advanced engine and emission control technologies which we discuss here. Emphasis will be on reducing cold start emissions, likely requiring active thermal management strategies. The challenge will be to lower criteria pollutants while also reducing fuel consumption, and we review some approaches being considered. The story is similar for heavy-duty vehicles, where meeting California’s Low NOx regulations and Euro VII scenarios require significantly improved engine controls and after-treatment systems. New system solutions and hardware additions show a pathway to meeting the regulations, although we caution that much more work is needed ahead to achieve the reductions over extended durability limits and with healthy engineering margins. We also review the impact of alternative fuels on reducing well-to-wheels (WTW) greenhouse gas emissions, along with recommendations to continue improving market fuel quality to reduce negative impact on criteria pollutants. Finally, while this paper does not intend to provide a detailed review of battery electric or fuel cell vehicle technology, we touch upon a few studies which discuss the outlook of powertrain diversification from a total cost of ownership and greenhouse gas reduction perspective.
Allergic disorders in children living in different climatic and oecological areas of the Kaliningrad region
Authors: Markhaichuk A. Z. , Gorbunova A. Y. , Sidorova D. A. , Razina A. S. , Goncharova E. A.
Published: April 2022

The immune system responsible for genetic stability of internal environment, with its exceptional sensitivity, may provide biological indexes which reflect impact of various environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors, i.e., serve as an indicator system in the areas of environmental well-being and distress. A series of studies on the influence of climatic and environmental factors on immune reactivity states demonstrated that the immune system is also sensitive to both natural and industrial factors (chemical and physical). Apparently, this is due to formation of a population-based immunological reactivity adapted for specific environmental conditions. However, the distribution patterns of immunogram variability by geographical zones are still unclear. The article analyzes prevalence and structure of allergic disorders in children of 1-3 and 4-7 y.o. (early and first childhood)living in different climatic and ecological areas of Kaliningrad region (coastal and continental zones, “clean” and “dirty” cities, different for anthropogenic burden and environmental situation). The following cities were involved into the study: Svetlogorsk, Svetly, Kaliningrad, Sovetsk, Gusev and Neman. There were 3,321 children examined. Clinical and demographic data were taken from the following sources: “History of the child’s development” (Form No. 112/y), “Outpatient medical record card” (Form No. 025/y) and “Diagnostic card of immunological deficiency in children”, developed at the Institute of Immunology (Federal MedicalBiological Agency of Russia) which contained the patient’s data, seasonality of increased morbidity, vaccination history, acute infections). Disorders and reactions attributable to allergic syndrome were divided into three groups: skin diseases, respiratory system diseases, adverse response to various antigens. The revealed differences demonstrate high sensitivity of immune system to climatic and environmental factors acting at the sub-threshold level. We believe that the child’s immune system responds even to minor environmental factors, which, acting in combined manner, cause its functional shifts. In turn, these changes manifest at the level of immunobiological reactivity and, accordingly, influence clinical course and symptoms of the allergic disorders.
Dynamics of cytokine production during immunization with polio vaccine with DTP in vivo
Authors: Samoylikov R. V. , Kuznetsova V. S. , Namiot E. D. , Kraskevich D. A. , Leonova A. Yu. , Grechenko V. V.
Published: April 2022

Immunization with whole-cell adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) can cause various undesirable effects. The most common complications are febrile seizures, neuromyalgic syndrome and, in more severe cases, various encephalopathies. The listed complications are quite dangerous, especially in childhood, when primary DTP immunization is carried out. Many studies indicate that the development of these pathological processes is often associated with the action of various cytokines produced in response to vaccination. There are specific pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the high levels of which are associated with the development of neurological complications after DTP vaccination. For example, IL-6 and IL-1 are often associated with the development of febrile seizures and encephalopathies. On the other hand, there are clinical data indicating a decrease in the incidence of complications after concomitant administration of vaccines. Thus, it is of particular interest to study the cytokine profile after the combined administration of DTP with another vaccine, which in some cases leads to a decrease in the number of complications and better tolerance of the vaccine. The vaccine against polio infection is currently one of the safest, but its effect on the level of cytokines is extremely poorly understood. Moreover, due to the fact that these drugs have been used for a long time and the interest in them is not as high as before, the number of new experimental works specifically on the cytokine profiles of many vaccines is limited. Basically, all existing work is aimed at studying various pathological processes associated with the introduction of a vaccine preparation. This leads to the fact that the mechanism of the formation of the immune response remains not fully understood. The aim of this work was to study the effect of combined vaccine administration on the cytokine profile. Results were obtained for the following cytokines: IL-2, RANTES, Eotaxin, MIP-1β, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1α, and G-CSF determined in murine serum samples after combined administration of DTP and polio vaccine to the experimental animals. The cytokine profile was determined using Bio-Rad MAGPIX fluorescence reader. The study revealed and described the patterns of changes in the cytokine profile, both with the administration of the poliomyelitis vaccine alone, or in combination with the DTP vaccine. The results obtained in this work may be further used for more detailed studies on the mechanism of the immune response formation upon combined administration of vaccines and further improvement of existing drugs.
Raza y clase en el materialismo histórico: notas sobre América Latina
Authors: Mitrovic Mijail , León Sebastián
Published: April 2022

Este artículo examina la problemática de la relación entre raza y clase tal como se ha desarrollado en la tradición del marxismo latinoamericano. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la capacidad del materialismo histórico para pensar y explicar satisfactoriamente categorías y problemáticas ajenas al contexto europeo de su nacimiento, a partir de su confrontación con otras realidades históricas y geográficas. Para ello hemos hecho una revisión crítica de textos canónicos del marxismo latinoamericano, en especial de José Carlos Mariátegui, con la finalidad de ofrecer una interpretación alternativa a la que hoy en día sostiene que el marxismo no puede hacerse cargo del problema de la raza en América Latina. Nuestra interpretación parte de la hipótesis de que el materialismo histórico debe ser situado, tanto en Europa como en América Latina, en las coordenadas históricas en las que emergió, como una teoría que ubica las problemáticas y conflictos sociales en el terreno de la historia, en contraposición con explicaciones pretendidamente científicas que hallaban en la cuestión racial la clave interpretativa para el análisis de la realidad social. De ese modo, nuestro trabajo muestra cómo el marxismo, al abordar la categoría de raza como una problemática histórica y social vinculada a la organización concreta del orden social capitalista, imbricada a otra categoría sociohistórica clave como es la clase, y no como una mera noción identitaria, logra darle la importancia debida y explicar adecuadamente el problema racial que caracteriza nuestro continente. Concluimos que el simultáneo rigor y flexibilidad de la teoría materialista de la historia la hace vigente y muy necesaria para repensar los actuales debates sobre la condición (pos)colonial de la región.
Legitimation Strategies to Enchant the New American “War On Terror”: Implications in Ben Affleck’s Testimony
Authors: Riani Hana
Published: April 2022

Hana Riani holds a PhD in American Culture Studies. Her study foci are primarily: Neo-Imperialism, Soft Power Politics, Gender and Celebrity Studies, and Political Discourse. Her research interests and academic fields are also rooted in Critical Discourse Analysis especially modern rhetoric. Hana Riani teaches American Culture, History and Politics. She participated in several international conferences pertaining to her research interests.
Post-Brexit Britain and Socioeconomic Distress in Ali Smith’s Autumn
Authors: Culea Mihaela , Suciu Andreia Irina ,   Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău
Published: April 2022

Ali Smith’s novel “Autumn” (2016) is a Brexlit novel that depicts aspects of English society associated with a landmark in British history, the 2016 referendum that decided its exit from the EU. The article focuses on socioeconomic aspects touched upon by Smith, including the social division among communities and the communitarian disunity, financial and economic hardship, bureaucratic insensitiveness, the issue of immigration, as well as the public social submissiveness or protest while facing all of these plights. Even though these may not be the central themes of Smith’s novel, the depiction of the ‘hard times’ of people living during a time of change, uncertainty, division, chaos and mixed feelings emerges as an equally important concern, as the current paper aims to explore.
Leading Public Sector Innovation (Second Edition)
Authors: Bason Christian
Published: April 2022

Thoroughly revised to take account of the latest literature and international developments in the field. Drawing on global research and practical examples, Bason illustrates the key triggers and practices of public sector innovation.
The Sociology of Housework (Reissue)
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: April 2022

Ann Oakley analyses the perceptions of forty urban housewives around housework, their feelings of monotony and fragmentation, the length of their working week, the importance of standards and routines, and their attitudes to different household tasks. This classic book paves the way for the sociological study of many more aspects of women’s lives.
A relação entre o capital institucional e a sustentabilidade da agricultura numa estratégia de desenvolvimento rural no Vale do São Francisco
Authors: De Albuquerque Gilton Carlos Anísio , Bispo Rogerio de Souza , Rios Rira Cistina Novaes
Published: April 2022

Este artigo trata das influências entre os diversos capitais para a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável em territórios rurais, a partir do resultado de uma investigação realizada no Vale do Submédio São Francisco, Sertão nordestino. O objetivo foi analisar a influência da intensidade do capital institucional na sustentabilidade da agricultura do perímetro de irrigação Pedra Branca, localizado entre Curaçá-BA e Abaré-BA. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva, tendo como ferramentas básicas, indicadores de sustentabilidade, tanto para o cálculo do Índice de Sustentabilidade do Capital Institucional, a partir do modelo proposto por Albuquerque e Cândido 2014 e, do Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – IDS (S³), Sepúlveda (2008). Utilizou-se diferentes meios para coleta de dados, desde pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas até visitas em campo. Como resultados, chegou-se a um baixo nível de capital institucional em função da restrita participação dos agricultores, dos baixos níveis de comprometimento, cooperação e número de parceiros institucionais se relacionando a um estado de colapso da sustentabilidade da agricultura., na medida em que não houve tratamento multidimensional da sustentabilidade da agricultura, pela via político-institucional em nível de território.
The Effect of Agnikarma with Ashtapada Shaped Suvarna Shalaka in Manyastambh- A Case Study
Authors: Gupta Monika  , Gujjarwar Shriniwas  , Singh Rajender  , Anamika
Published: April 2022

Manyastambh is a medical disorder in which the back of neck becomes stiff and movements of the neck are diminished. We can correlate it with cervical spondylosis. Cervical Spondylosis is one of the commonest deteriorative states of cervical spine. Its pathology begins at the intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage) with decadence of disc resulting in the compression of cervical nerve along with decreasing of space. Pain that occurs may extend from mild ache to severe dysfunctioning. This condition affects not only the socio economic state of a person but also impedes the quality of life with change in lifestyle. According to Ayurvedic text. In case of severe pain localized in skin, muscles, ligaments and joints, we can do Agnikarma. In the present case, a 30 years old female patient came to the OPD of Shri Krishna Government Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Kurukshetra, Haryana with complaints of pain in the back of neck,difficulty in neck movements specially flexion of the neck and radiating pain in the left shoulder since last four months. So, after taking proper history, clinical examination and investigations (X Ray) the case diagnosed as Manyastambh and patient was treated with Ayurvedic parasurgical procedure i.e., Agnikarma with Ashtapada shaped Suvarna shalaka. We got really significant result after this study. Hence, through this article, we tried our best to establish the effect of Agnikarma with Ashtapada shaped Suvarna shalaka in case of Manyastambh.
A Case Study on Successful Ayurvedic Management of Fibromyalagia
Authors: Shivani Rawat  , Abhishek Bhushan Sharma
Published: April 2022

Fibromyalagia is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption, it is also characterized by tiredness, anxiety, depression, and disturbances in bowel functions, which can exhibit significant variation not only between different patients, but also in the same patient during the course of the disease. Management of FMS at the present time is very difficult as it has multiple etiological factors and psychological predispositions. Here is a case of 42 year old female patient suffering from fibromyalagia since 3 years. Excellent relief in patient’s symptoms was noted by treatment of 22 days of Ayurvedic drugs (Shaman) and therapies (Shodhan) on VAS, MAF and HAM-D scales before and after treatment, which clearly indicates the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment in Fibromyalagia.
Development of the Assessment Criteria and Validation of Twak Sarata
Authors: Kavita Chambyal  , Om Prakash Dadhich
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Sara Parikshana is the one used to evaluate every Dhatu & to understand physical strength as well as mind strength. For assessing Twak Sarata, it was necessary to develop assessment criteria for evolution of Twak Sarata. Aim and objectives: To explore, develop assessment criteria and survey study regarding Twak Sarata. Material and Method: 100 Twak Sara individuals were selected after screening process for Twak Sarata in total 428 apparently healthy individuals. Subjective & objective parameters were observed on these selected individuals. Then, possible scoring of objective parameters has been done and spearman’s correlation test is applied to check the relation between Subjective & objective parameters. Results: Characteristics of Twak Sarata were found significant when KS test was applied. There was significant relation found between parameters like Snigdha and moisture meter test readings, Snigdha and Hair thickness, Loma Sukumarata and Hair thickness. Conclusion: Snigdhata of Twak Sara individuals assessed objectively by moisture meter test and normal range was in between 30-50% for Twak Sara Purusha. Snigdhata & Sukumarata of Loma of Twak Sara Purusha assessed objectively by hair thickness objective parameter by using micro-meter hair dial gauze and range was <30 µm.
A Study of Microbial Contamination in Sanjivani Vati, A Cow Urine Prepared Drug
Authors: Tewari Vimal , Deepika Tewari
Published: April 2022

Gomutra (Cow urine) has been used in various diseases as a medicine since long. It is recommended alone or in combination with other herbal drugs. Sanjivani vati is a popular Ayurvedic drug described in various classical and official text of Ayurveda and it is a very good example of that combination. It has equal parts of Vidanga, Sunthi, Pippali, Haritaki, Amalaki, Vibhitaki, Vaca, Guduchi, Bhallataka and Vatsanabha. Gomutra (Cow urine) is an ingredient that is used to levigate the powder of all herbal drugs and helps in making pills.
Microbial contamination is defined as deterioration of pharmaceutical products by the microbes. In the pharmaceutics, various factors may be as a source of microbes. Preparation of drug is a long process and occurring in open environment. A big number of machine and man power are involved in this production. All these factors including ingredients of drug may contribute the deterioration of the drugs due to contamination of microbes. Even though fresh Cow urine is sterile, it may be prone to contamination and it may produce microbial load during processing of various formulations. Microbial growth may develop in the Sanjivani Vati that encompasses cow urine as an ingredient.
The primary objective of this study was to determine microbial load. Sanjivani Vati was made in the institute pharmacy and evaluated for microbial load through outsource lab. Another market sample of Sanjivani Vati of a pharmacy was also evaluated to compare the results.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of microbial loads in Sanjivani Vati was assessed. The following strains of microbes E. Coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Fungus, and Total viable aerobic bacterial count were evaluated. Both the sample of Sanjivani Vati has shown insignificant load of selected microbes.
Concept of Asaya, Kostha and Kosthanga (Splanchnology) in Ayurveda
Authors: Lakhiprova Doley  , Tikendrajit Sarma
Published: April 2022

The basic knowledge of an organ system is necessary to know the etio-pathogenesis, management and maintenance of health of an individual. Splanchnology is the study of visceral organs, which includes digestive, urinary, reproductive and respiratory systems, situated in the thoraco-abdominal-pelvic cavity. Concept of organs systems are highlighted in Ayurveda with three terminologies viz. Asaya, Kostha, Kothanga. Asaya is mentioned as Aadhisthana and Riktasthana which means cavities and blank spaces for lodging certain anato-physiological elements. They are 7 in numbers viz. Vatasaya, Pittasaya, Shlesmasaya, Raktasaya, Amasya, Pakwasaya, Mutrasaya and the Garbhasaya which are present in the thoracico-abdominal-pelvic cavity. Mahasrota, Sariramadhya and Mahanimna are the words mentioned in relation with Kostha which can be understood as gastro intestinal tract, middle part of the body and the pelvic cavity. Nabhi, Hridaya, Kloma, Yakrita, Pleeha, Vrikka, Vasti, Purishadhara, Amasaya, Pakwasaya, Uttaraguda, Adharaguda, Kshudranata, Sthulantara and Vapavahana are the Kosthangas which are interrelated organs of gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system, present in cavities of the middle part of the body. The hollow muscular organs and the structures present in thoraco-abdominal-pelvic cavity are collectively considered as Asaya, Kostha and Kosthangas. Therefore these 3 terminologies can be incorporated with splanchnology in modern science. In this work we tried to analyse the concept of splanchnology in Ayurveda in terms of Asaya, Kostha, Kosthanga. This will be helpful for better understanding and study of the topic in a single platform, and gives the glimpse of the morpho-physiological aspect of visceral organs mentioned in Ayurveda in a nutshell.
Evo-Ayu: Integrating Ayurveda with Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Shakeel H Jamakhane  , Mahantesh R Sajjanashetty  , B.H. Katti  , V.V. Goudar
Published: April 2022

Evolution refers to a change in the relative frequency of alternative alleles in a population or species. Evolutionary biology studies evolution at two levels- micro-evolution and macro-evolution. Micro-evolution studies the processes that change allele frequency over time within a population. Macro-evolution studies the tree of life. Using the concepts from evolutionary biology to understand human health and disease is the basis of evolutionary medicine. Evolutionary medicine has improved our understanding of infectious diseases, genetics, ageing etc. Would an integration of evolutionary ideas with Ayurveda be equally rewarding? Ayurveda accepts Saankhya philosophy’s ideas about the origin of life. Satkaarya Vaada, which forms the basis of Ayurvedic understanding of disease and health, doesn’t provide satisfying answers to the cardinal problem of evolutionary biology - the appearance of design in the living world. Ayurvedic ideas about inheritance also contradict the germ-plasm theory of inheritance. Yet, Ayurveda has much to contribute to the study of phenotypes. Ayurvedic concepts of Deha-prakriti, Saara, Desha etc. provide exciting opportunities to test evolutionary principles within the Ayurvedic framework. Integrating Ayurveda with Evolutionary biology could help us rethink Ayurvedic concepts in the light of evolution.
Management of Mukhadushika with Ayurvedic Line of Treatment
Authors: Venkatesh Polampalli
Published: April 2022

The concept of beauty is as old as mankind and civilization. A good complexion is desirable and decisive component of the beauty so everyone wants to be attain good complexion and good look so in Mukhadushika there is altered face complexion as a result of Shalmali kanta sadrusha pidaka over the face which is due to vitiation of Kapha and Vatadosha and Ashrayi of Raka dhatu as it is a disease of adolescence age due to hormonal imbalance and can be correlate to the acne vulgaris. Treating this acne in the initial stage itself makes easier and doesn’t leave of any scars, which mentally depresses individual and face insecure so in Ayurveda different treatment modalities are explained to treat the Mukhadushika so we are taken Jaloukavacharna among the treatment with some Shamanoushadi to see the result.
Concept of Aahara as a Causative Factor in Garbha Vikriti
Authors: Renu yadav  , Seema Shukla
Published: April 2022

A healthy live baby is achievement in today scenario. The graph of congenital abnormality and mortality is raised day by day. Many times we avoid importance of food in Garbha and not consider it as a cause of congenital defects. Nutrition can contribute directly or indirectly in a disease pathogenesis and its appearance. Food is the base of life and Sharira. Acharyas has mentioned Ahara is responsible for Deha as well Vyadhi and it also leads to balance of Tridosha. Fetus depends for nutrition on mother and its development totally depends Matrija Ras Dhatu. Thus, here food plays a role in balancing of Tridosha indirectly. In Ayurveda Matrija Ahara also consider as an important cause of Garbhang vikrti. Thus, balanced Aahara by mother leads to balanced Dosha and a good normal healthy baby. Vishmaavstha of Dosha leads to abnormality i.e., Vikriti. Diet during pregnancy decides the health of baby as well as health of mother. Ahara after digestion not only responsible for fetal growth but also for normal organogenesis. This article explains importance of Matrija Ahara in normal baby and also effect of Dosha Vridhikara Aahara on foetus in congenital deformities. The aim of this article is to evaluate the role of Matrija Aahara in Grbhang Vikriti and open up scope of more study of effects of food in genotype and phenotype.
A Case Study on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumeha) by Ayurvedic Intervention
Authors: Jeuti Rani Das  , P.L. Bharati  , Girindra Kumar Bora  , Dinesh Baruah
Published: April 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with multisystem complications. The prevalence and incidences of the both types of diabetes are significantly increased over the past two decades. The recently published ICMR-INDIAB national study reported that there are 62.4 million people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 77 million people with prediabetes in India. These numbers are projected to increase to 101 million by the year 2030 due to changed of life style of the people all over the world. Habits of sedentary life, having a lot of fast foods and improper follow of diet habits are the main causes to develop Diabetes mellitus. It can be correlated with Madhumeha in Ayurveda. A 45 years old female patient treated in the OPD of Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Guwahati from 23rd Sept. 2020 with a complain of generalised weakness, weight loss, increase amount of urination and attraction of ant towards the excreted urine for 9 months. Examination, laboratory investigations and history leads to diabetes mellitus. Different Ayurvedic herbomineral drugs which were mentioned in different texts were given to the patient. It shows the effective results in the management of Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus).
A General Survey of B.A.M.S. Students to Improve Overall Teaching
Authors: Parikh Mamta  , Chotai Tanvi
Published: April 2022

For any professional course it is very important to identify students’ perceptions and suggestions to improve the system of education. To solve this purpose this study was planned by conducting a survey among the students of B.A.M.S. The current course of B.A.M.S. is the combination of ancient Ayurveda and modern medical science, where students find some difficulties to understand and co-relate it with real time patients. Google form was prepared to conduct this survey and it was filled up online by 352 students of seven different Ayurveda colleges of Saurashtra region, Gujarat. In this survey an effort has been made to know the background of students, their understanding about the course, certain generalized questions were also included in the questionnaire, i.e. professional goal after completion of B.A.M.S., what they think about the current teaching methodology and if they need any change in its different aspects or in syllabus. The result is found to be beyond our imagination, which is the best teaching pattern; chalk & board or digital platform. The impact of online education has become the new opportunity for students to indulge themselves in more usage of mobile or electronic gadgets in the name of educational purpose.
Concept of Inflammatory Joint Pain in Ayurveda - A Review
Authors: Shyama K V  , Miharjan K  , Lekshmi R  , Arun Pratap  , Arjun Chand C P
Published: April 2022

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It is said to be nature’s earliest sign of morbidity and it is prominent among all the other sensory experiences by which an individual can identify the presence of a pathological condition in them. In the condition related to musculo-skeletal system, pain is an important symptom. The most common cause of joint pain is either inflammation or degeneration. Some of the conditions with joint pain due to inflammation are Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE), Gouty arthritis. References regarding different conditions related to Joint is seen in the context of many systemic diseases like Jwara, Atisara, Grahani, Pandu, to mention a few, and Sandhi (joints) related diseases like Amavata, Vatarakta, Vatavyadhi and Kroshtukaseersha, in Ayurveda. The Samprapti (pathogenesis) can be thought to be due to the involvement of Tridoshas, Ama and Rakta. Due to the Khavaigunya and Vakrata of the Sandhis, they get lodged at the Sandhi Pradesha resulting in symptoms of Inflammatory Arthritis such as Vedana (pain), Sopha (swelling), Raga (redness) and Sparshasahishnuta (tenderness) in Sandhi.
Evaluation of the Productivity Potential of Contemporary G.arboreum Cotton Genotypes on Vertic Haplustepts under Rainfed Conditions
Authors:   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur-441108, Venugopalan M.V. , Ramkrushna G.I. ,   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur-441108, Bagadkar A.J. ,   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur-441108, Sabesh M. ,   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore-641003, Giredkar S.B. ,   Ph.D Scholar, VNMKV, Parbhani- 431402
Published: April 2022

Gossypium arboretum L. (desi cotton) possesses several useful traits like high ginning percentage tolerance to drought and salinity, make more suitable for cultivation under low input conditions. Apart from being more resilient to climate change and the low cost of cultivation, the availability of new varieties with excellent fibre quality and good locule retention makes desi cotton more attractive and remunerative to farmers. A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2019-20 to evaluate the productivity potential of some promising contemporary G. arboreum genotypes and understand their response to sowing dates and planting density under rainfed conditions under dry sub-humid bio-climate.The soil was clayey in texture, moderately alkaline, moderately shallow, 60 cm in depth, and is classified as clayey, smectitic hyperthermic family of Vertic Haplustepts. Results indicated that the sowing date had a significant influence on seed cotton yield, days to first flower and boll weight. Plant density had a significant effect on boll weight, plant height, and boll number m-2 but not on seed cotton yield. The genotypes differed significantly with respect to days to first flower, plant height, boll number m-2, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Genotypes PA-528 and PA-812 were the highest yielders. Genotypes PA-812 and PA- 760 were superior in terms of fibre quality. A delay in sowing by 15 days significantly reduced the yield of G. arboreum cultivars by 142 kg ha-1.A significant interaction observed between plant density and genotypes necessitates a need to evaluate the elite G. arboreum cultivars at specific plant density to exploit their productivity potential.
Biochar Application and Soil Carbon Stocks in Semi-Arid Vertisols
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Biswas Hrittick , Prabhavathi M. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Kumar Suresh ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Patil S.L. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Morade A.S. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Kumar P. Mohan ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Sheshardri B.N. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104, Rao K.S. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Hospet Road, Cantonment, Bellary, Karnataka –583 104
Published: April 2022

Biochar application as a soil amendment has improved crop productivity, soil properties, and long-term carbon (C) storage in soils. In order to ascertain these positive effects of biochar, a six-year study was conducted on deep black soil in a typical semi-arid setup of Karnataka. Biochar (prepared from Prosopis juliflora¬) was applied and mixed at rates ranging from 2.5 to 20 t ha-1 to rabi sorghum under rainfed conditions before the start of the study. The six treatment combinations were evaluated through their effects on run-off, soil loss, sorghum yields, soil properties, and increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at the end of the study period. Sorghum yield increased with the levels of biochar application, with yields under 10 and 20 t ha-1 levels of addition being statistically at par. Soil loss was not significantly affected by biochar application, and so were most of the soil properties. However, there was an increase in SOC stock to the tune of 0.28 and 0.43 t ha-1y-1 through biochar application @ 10 and 20 t ha-1, respectively, pointing at the C sequestration potential of biochar. Increased crop yields by applying biochar can be attributed to enhanced soil aggregation and water holding capacity and increased nutrient cycling and uptake by plant roots.
Spatial Variability in Length of Growing Period Using Meteorological and Space-based Data in Nagpur District of Maharashtra
Authors:   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Deshmukh Priyanka , Nagaraju M.S.S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Kumar Nirmal ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Sahu Nisha ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Obi Reddy G. P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Srivastava Rajeev ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India, Prasad Jagdish ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur – 440033, India
Published: April 2022

The LGP was assessed using meteorological data (1988-2018) and MODIS-based NDVI data between 2000 to 2018. The meteorological data indicated that highest rainfall (1569 mm) was observed in Nagpur-Rural tehsil and the lowest rainfall was recorded in Narkhed tehsil (982 mm). Highest PET was observed in Hingna tehsil (1758 mm) and the lowest PET was recorded in Nagpur-Rural tehsil (1656 mm). The LGP map of Nagpur district generated using meteorological data showed that LGP ranged from 139 to 155 days. The pixel-wise LGP data computed using MODIS NDVI time series data has been reclassified in to 5 classes viz., 90-120, 120-150, 150-180, 180-210 and 210-240 days in which LGP class150-180 days occupied maximum area (40.7%) followed by 210-240 days (17.7%), 180-210 days (15.4%), 120-150 days (14.8%), whereas, the lowest area (11.8%) was under LGP class 90-120 days. LGP found in different landforms indicated that maximum LGP was in lower pediplains (46.4%) followed by pediments (21.7%) and plateau (11.1%). Lower LGP was observed in upper pediplains (7.1%), hills (5.4%), pediplain (hillside) (2.5%), scarp slope (1.9%), valley (1.6%) and gully land (0.9%). LGP with different land use/land cover indicate that maximum LGP was under agriculture (69.5%) followed by forest (23.3%) and scrubland (7.1%). Out of the 5 classes of LGP, 93.7 per cent of total agricultural area has LGP ranging from 120-240 days.
Performance of Coleus (Coleus forskohlii) in Different Agro-climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   District Watershed Development Agency, Department of Agriculture, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu- 637003, India, Balasubramanian V. , Suresh J. ,   Department of Herbal Science, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu- 641003, India, Srinivasan R. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560024, India, Prabhu M. ,   Department of Vegetable Science, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu- 641003, India, Karthik B. ,   Junior Scholar, Government Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu- 641014, India, Gokul Nandha V.B. ,   Junior Scholar, Government Public Health Department, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu- 636809, India
Published: April 2022

A study was undertaken to characterize the Coleus-growing soils in different agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu to identify the yield limiting soil properties and management. Thesoil characteristics were rated for their quality as low, medium and high of three zones to assess. The horizon-wise soil samples from Typifying soil profiles and surface samples were collected from representing agro-climatic zones and soils were analysed. Soils were shallow to deep, well to somewhat poorly drained, dark brown to dark reddish brown in colour. The soils were sandy clay loam to sandy clay in texture and the clay content ranged from 28 to 45% being highest in Muthur soils. The organic carbon in soils ranged from 0.30 to 0.90% and cation exchange capacity from 10.2 (Rajapatty soils) to 22.8 cmol (p+) kg-1 (Andipudur soils). Soils were low in available nitrogen, low to medium in available phosphorus and potassium. DTPA-extractable micro nutrients were sufficient in all the zones. Coleus yields were significantly correlated with available phosphorus, potassium and manganese.
A Comparative Study of Two-Sample Tests for High-Dimensional Covariance Matrices
Authors:   Department of General Education, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand, Jiamwattanapong Knavoot
Published: April 2022

The equality of covariance matrices is an essential assumption in means and discriminant analyses for high-dimensional data. The performance of tests for covariance matrices may vary substantially depending on the covariance structure, so using inappropriate methods to verify the assumption will result in worse performance. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the performance of three tests for two-sample high-dimensional covariance matrices: Schott’s (2007), Srivastava and Yanagihara’s (2010), and Li and Chen’s (2012) under various covariance structures. A simulation study was conducted when the covariance structures were spherical, compound symmetric, block-diagonal, and first-order autoregressive with homogenous variances. The results show that Li and Chen’s test outperforms the others with a sample size of at least 10 under particular covariance structures. When the number of variables is increased with a fixed sample size, Li and Chen’s test still performs well, whereas Schott’s performance deteriorates. Some recommendations for selecting appropriate tests are also provided in this paper.
Management Support, Competence, Organizational Culture and Professional Ethics on Internal Audit Effectiveness
Authors:   Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang, Yanti Darma
Published: April 2022

The formulation of the problem in this research is how is the Effect of Management Support, Competence, Organizational Culture and Professional Ethics on the Effectiveness of Internal Audit (Case Study on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in Palembang City). The type of research used is associative research. The data used are primary data. The population in this study is the internal audit in the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in Palembang City as many as 32 respondents. Data collection techniques are using interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis method used in this research is quantitative analysis. The results of this study show that management support, competence, organizational culture and professional ethics significantly influence the effectiveness of internal audit.
Shifting Identities of Kashmiri Women
Authors:   PHD scholar, SRF, Department of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Qureshi Nida Fatima
Published: April 2022

Secularism and Islamic Law are two of the most important factors in understanding the socio-religious aspects of Muslim society in non-Muslim nations. When it comes to Muslim Personal Laws, in India, a Muslim may choose to follow state law, which is based on religious law, which demonstrates that the state is trying to go in a more liberal manner. Half-widow has been a significant cause of discomfort in Kashmiri society, state and federal authorities, human rights, activists, and religious ulama for a long time, ever since the war began there. A search for their identity, survival, and safety was unnecessary as long as their spouses were part of mainstream society or culture. They are neither a married lady nor a widowed woman. Zoon's (one of the Half-widows from Jammu and Kashmir's district Srinagar) struggle that changeover her from wife to Half-widow and subsequently from Half-widows to widow would help us understand the crises of changing identities. Though the Half-widow problem is not easily comprehended, it may be grasped by examining the different societal ramifications that impact economic and theological reality. The purpose of this study is to examine how Islamic and State Laws are intricately woven together to ensure the operation of the Indian Muslim society.
Intercultural Communication and Difficulties of Teaching English in ESP Classes
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Shamsitdinova Manzura
Published: April 2022

This article discusses intercultural communication and difficulties of teaching English in ESP classes. The main task of teaching foreign languages as a means of communication between people of different nations and cultures is that languages should be studied in enduring unity with the world and culture of the people who speak these languages. A most promising and basic challenge for teachers of foreign languages is achieving maximum development of communication skills.
Bring Me Problems, not Solutions
Authors:   Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902 USA, Kalina Peter
Published: April 2022

Historically, mitigating employee complaints followed the adage “don’t bring me problems, bring me solutions.” Today, leaders are gravitating toward the opposite paradigm; “bring me problems, not solutions.” There are many reasons for this transformation in management philosophy. To optimize solutions and outcomes, we must consider diverse perspectives in dealing with a specific problem. Groups can accomplish much more together than any individual can on their own – regardless of their wisdom. Finding solutions to problems should not be a solo sport.
CULTURAL DYNAMISM IN NIGERIA WITH REFERENCE TO CHINUA ACHEBE’S THINGS FALL APART
Authors:   Faculté des Lettres, Arts et Sciences Humaines, EPOUNDA r. Mexan Serge
Published: April 2022

This article aims at raising the different aspects of life of Nigerian people prior independence and exalting inheritance or profit this people has gained in return after their encounter with the white man. It is certain that the issue of colonization has been the concern of many African and even non-African writers. In fact, colonization has disrupted the socio-economic and political structures and replaced traditional values by another system of values that are not suitable for African customs. From the image the white man has painted Africans, colonization does not acknowledge the existence of pre-colonial values. Hence, by necessity, the African writer is placed in front of an essential and complex duty, that of reconstituting the actual image of his group, rehabilitating the past in substituting to the distorted image depicted by the colonizers the African vision of history. Accordingly, Chinua Achebe is one of those intellectuals who have tried to make his readers realize the specificity of the African personality. This state of affairs has been his preoccupation in Things Fall Apart, his first novel published in 1958. He has proved in this book that the encounter of Africa and the West has resulted in a clash of cultures.
Evolución y factores pronósticos en pacientes lúpicos con admisión en unidad de terapia intensiva
Authors: Hancevic M. , Gobbi C. , Alba P. , Babini A. , Albiero E.
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las causas de ingreso y la mortalidad de pacientes con LES admitidos en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), e identificar factores de riesgo asociados con mortalidad así como la utilidad de la escala de APACHE II como factor de pronóstico. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente pacientes con diagnóstico de LES acorde al ACR 1997, ingresados en UTI del Hospital Córdoba desde junio de 2008 a marzo del 2011. Se analizaron datos demográficos, características de la enfermedad, causas de admisión, escala de APACHE II en las primeras 24 hs de internación, tratamiento realizado, días de internación y mortalidad. Valores de p <0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos.