bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Family Protection a Question of Moral Duty?
Authors: Grainer Virginia
Published: July 2023

The Law Commission undertook a review of succession law in New Zealand at the time of writing. Whether the concept of "moral duty" is a satisfactory basis for determinations under the Family Protection Act 1955 was one of the issues the Commission is addressing in the context of the succession project. This article is based on a paper written by the author for the Law Commission. It examines the rationale behind the introduction of the original family protection legislation and the development of the concept of moral duty in this context. The article discusses a number of reasons for the author's conclusion that the use of the concept of moral obligation should be abandoned and replaced by a more clearly defined test based on dependence and need.
Judicial Politics and Policy-Making in Western Europe
Authors: Butler Andrew S
Published: July 2023

This article is a book review of Mary L Volcansek (ed) Judicial Politics and Policy-Making in Western Europe (Frank Cass, London, 1992). The book is a collection of ten essays which discuss the point where politics and law intersect in six states of Western Europe (France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy), and in two supranational European bodies (the European Communities, and the European Court of Human Rights). In his review, Butler first considers what the collection as a whole has to offer in terms of conclusions. The main conclusion is that it can no longer be credibly maintained that judges are the mere mouthpieces of the law devoid of a policy-making role. The second part of the review focuses on the individual essays found in the book. Butler concludes that the book is a welcome addition to the growing interest in the issues pertaining to judicial involvement in policy-making.
Working for God: Contract or Calling?
Authors: Buckingham Ann
Published: July 2023

This article discusses whether ministers are employees of their church or stand in some other relationship to it. As employees, they would be entitled to common law and statutory employment protections. Traditionally at common law, ministers are not employees and merely have limited rights as members of a voluntary unincorporated association. This article examines and analyses the appropriate legal position in light of developments in employment law, other disciplines, the Bill of Rights and judicial review.
The Treaty of Waitangi and the Sealord deal
Authors: Munro Justine
Published: July 2023

On 23 September 1992, the Crown and Maori representatives signed a deed in full and final settlement of Maori claims to fishing rights under the Treaty of Waitangi. This article asks whether the "Sealord deal", as it has come to be called, is in accordance with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, as these have been developed by the courts and the Waitangi Tribunal; and concludes that the deal represents only a pragmatic response to Maori needs and the opportunities at hand. The Sealord deal failed to confront the issues that must be addressed if legitimate and lasting Treaty claims settlements are to be made in New Zealand. This article incorporates events up to 1 September 1993. Key developments since that time and up to June 1994 are briefly summarised in the appendix.
Family Trusts - Time for Reconsideration
Authors: Southwick Maureen
Published: July 2023

The protective legislation which frequently resulted in assets held within a family trust being removed from the ambit of a matrimonial property claim needed legislative amendment and judicial reconsideration in order to prevent potential inequity of division. This article explores the problems and anomalies in the family trusts regime in the 1990s: the Matrimonial Property Act 1976, the Trustee Act 1956, and s 182 of the Family Proceedings Act 1980. The author concludes that the question of whether there is truly equity after separation might not be able to be avoided in an increasingly sophisticated financial society.
Introduction to Treaty of Waitangi Special Issue
Authors: Wilson Bill
Published: July 2023

The Board of the New Zealand Institute of Advanced Legal Studies held a Conference on 9 and 10 February 1995 on the subject of "Treaty Claims: The Unfinished Business". This issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review presents papers from this Conference. In introducing the issue, Wilson identifies four major themes emerging from the discussion. First, in considering Treaty of Waitangi issues, there is a tendency for Māori and non-Māori to talk past each other rather than to each other. Secondly, the "fiscal envelope" contained in the Crown's proposals is likely to be of very limited practical significance because all avenues for the resolution of Treaty claims will remain open, whatever the fate of the envelope. Thirdly, while the resolution of Treaty claims must be on an Iwi basis, full regard must be had to the position of all Māori in the application of the proceeds of settlements. Finally, New Zealand must consider new structures which recognise the position of Māori.
Comment
Authors: Jackson Moana
Published: July 2023

Moana Jackson provides a brief comment about Māori fisheries and rights at the "Treaty Claims: The Unfinished Business" Conference as part of this special issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review. He argues that there has been a tendency to drown the Treaty of Waitangi in the rhetoric of the law, having been emasculated of its political underpinnings. Jackson notes that the rights bestowed by the Treaty are meaningless without the political authority, whether it is recognised as self-determination or sovereignty. The author concludes that the Treaty is not an illusion of political authority, but rather a reaffirmation of the rights of Māori to determine their own lives.
Under the Volcano
Authors:   , Mackessack Louis
Published: July 2023

Sites of disaster are often associated with tales of loss, embedded with a rich sense of place identity, which can contribute to the polyvocal narratives of a site. These stories, often only available as fragments of greater tales, form the historical identity of a site, and engaging with them can allow visitors to gain a more profound appreciation for the events that occurred. Architecture can play an important role in safeguarding Aotearoa’s heritage stories for generations to come.

The site for this allegorical project is Whakaari / White Island, New Zealand’s most active volcano. Located 48km off the coast of Te Ika-a-Māui / North Island in Te Moana-a-Toi / Bay of Plenty, the island used to be a significant tourist site until a fatal eruption occurred 9th of December 2019. Twenty-two tourists werekilled, embedding within the site a great sense of loss and a new sense of place identity, not only for those immediately impacted but for the wider public as well. This thesis proposes using the volcano’s rich historical identity to explore how architecture can convey and safeguard fragmented stories of loss.

The allegorical architectural framework for this investigation is generated from the literary narrative framework of Malcolm Lowry’s classic novel Under the Volcano. Within the tale, a towering volcano acts as a constant backdrop for the story of the main character’s final 12 hours before he dies. The volcano symbolises mankind’s vulnerability and the power of the natural forces that ultimately lead to our fate. Using Lowry’s novel as a literary provocateur, this thesis investigates how allegorical narrative can be conveyed using speculative architectural drawings, in ways that can safeguard and re-present the tale of Whakaari / White Island so that it will be remembered by future generations to come.

This thesis explores how an allegorical architecture project can preserve such a fragmented story through speculative architecture, taking on the program of a research facility, a memorial and a timepiece. Using an assimilation of layering and fragmentation, temporality, and memory, the design-led research investigation examines how stories of loss embedded within a site might be reawakened and preserved as a rich polyvocal narrative.
Tilt Angle of Solar Panels for Best Winter, Summer and Year-Round Performances for Different Regions of the World
Authors: Salih Aqeel R.
Published: July 2023

Background:

In recent years, solar energy has gained increased attention. The energy from the sun is unlimited and environment friendly. It is useful in decreasing the carbon dioxide emission that comes from the burning of fossil fuels and leads to global warming.

Materials and Methods:

The tilt angle of a solar panel is an important parameter that affects its performance. This paper provides the tilt angle of solar panels for 90 capital cities in 90 countries in the northern and southern hemispheres. Solar Irradiance Calculator is used to calculate the tilt angles from vertical.

Results:

The tilt angle for the studied capital cities ranges from 11° to 90° in winter, 41° to 105° in summer and 26° to 90° for year-round. The output results obtained from the calculator are very close to those calculated from equations and agree with previous studies.

Conclusions:

According to the results of the current work, only the latitude is required to calculate the tilt angle at any location worldwide. These results can be generalized to any location on the earth. The results of this work are expected to give valuable information to the users of solar panels.
O CONCEITO DE ARREFLEXIA NA INTERVENÇÃO PRECOCE: PARTE II – PROCESSOS (DES) SUBJETIVANTES E A ARREFLEXIA
Authors: Müller Inta Karina
Published: July 2023

A segunda parte deste trabalho reflete sobre considerações acerca de patologias cuja etiologia remete a espaços inaugurais das relações humanas. Estas, quando de sua
disfuncionalidade, parecem levar à cristalização de processos de subjetivação falhos ou débeis, advindos de uma certa incapacidade, por parte de quem cuida, de sentir, pensar
e traduzir o bebê como um sujeito que existe. Desta forma, apresenta-se o conceito de arreflexia, que poderia ser entendida como uma forma de defesa despertada nos
cuidadores frente ao bebê desconhecido, ao pré-verbal, ao estranho no infans. Poderia estar representando a negação ou a clivagem de partes de sua vida psíquica em que angústias
primitivas e necessidades arcaicas não foram, por sua vez, simbolizadas e integradas à subjetividade.
HORA DO CONTO: A LITERATURA COMO FERRAMENTA TERAPÊUTICA EM CONTEXTO DE AMBIENTOTERAPIA
Authors: Xavier Carlos Eduardo Loureiro , Lotti Laura Marazita
Published: July 2023

A literatura sempre se mostrou relevante à infância, e com a Psicanálise, essas histórias suscitaram questionamentos sobre a importância no processo de psicoterapia, incluindo a Ambientoterapia, contexto de tratamento que traz o ambiente como principal recurso terapêutico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a função terapêutica da leitura de histórias infantis em um grupo de Ambientoterapia, com base nos relatos de casos de dois pacientes crianças. Para isso, foram utilizados relatos dos atendimentos da atividade Hora do Conto. Apesar de ambos apresentarem funcionamentos sintomáticos distintos, o que se viu foi uma melhora considerável em cada paciente. A leitura suscitou efeitos terapêuticos pelo incentivo à interação e à explicitação de limites e regras mais claras. Logo, conclui-se que a leitura compartilhada de histórias infantis se mostrou um recurso terapêutico importante, contudo ela deve ser pensada de forma individual, considerando a singularidade de cada sujeito e suas características.
Intention of Independent Travelers to Consume Street Foods in The Framework of Extended TPB: The Moderating Role of Hedonism
Authors: KURT Osman Can , HELHEL Yeşim
Published: July 2023

This study examines the intention of consuming street food during independent travelers' trips based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which is expanded with the variables of past experience and hedonism. The relationships between the variables of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and past experience, and behavioral intention variables were examined. Moreover, moderator role of hedonism variable in the relationship between attitude and behavioral intention was tested. The study was conducted in Istanbul, and 523 of 541 questionnaires were analyzed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the five hypotheses proposed in research model. Results showed that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and experience, respectively, were important factors affecting the intention of independent travelers to consume street food. However, results also indicated that hedonism does not have a moderating effect between attitude and behavioral intention. It was shown in this study that the expanded Theory of Planned Behavior can be used to explain street food consumption intention. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the current study were presented.
Математичне моделювання бойових дій на двох ділянках зіткнення з можливістю перерозподілу бойових ресурсів
Authors: Фурсенко О. К. , Черновол Н. М. , Антоненко Г. М.
Published: July 2023

В роботі поставлена і розв’язана задача знаходження оптимальної кількості бойових одиниць, яку потрібно розподілити однією із двох сторін на двох ділянках зіткнення в певні моменти часу, щоб досягти максимальних втрат другої сторони в заданий момент часу. Вказано кінцеву формулу для підрахунку максимальних втрат другої сторони. Наводиться комп’ютерна реалізація задачі.
Changes in the Culture of Consumption During COVID-19: a Decision-Tree Model
Authors: Kita Pavol , Žambochová Marta , Maciejewski Grzegorz , Čvirik Marián , Mazalánová Veronika Kitová
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to understand changes in the culture of consumption in the selected consumer seg-ments regarding COVID-19 during the lockdown. The empirical research was conducted with a sample of 534 households. To predict changes in consumer behavior, the two-step clustering method was used. We also use the decision-tree model. We created four selected segments with remarkable consumption changes on the basis of their opinions concerning three points of view, namely, behavior changes, de-mographic data, and self-beliefs. Consequently, we classified subject pertinence (i.e., single respon-dents) to single clusters by decision trees using various statistical calculations to place the chosen attri-bute within the node of the tree structure. The factors most statistically significant for inclusion in the cluster were willingness to give up personal freedom, conservatism, and preferring functionality to appearance/design, with the last significant factor being meeting deadlines. We find indications that the more people purchase online, the less they decrease expenses and support charities, or/and the more people solve things remotely, the less they restrict taking loans. The results will help in identifying future models in retail conditions.
Russian classical literature in the novel “The Noise of Time” by Julian Barnes: Strategies of representation
Authors: Nikolitch Militsa
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the novel “The Noise of Time” by Julian Barnes through the lens of Russian classical literature. The aim of the study is to determine the role of the Russian classical literature of the XIX century and the strategies of its representation in “The Noise of Time”. The novel unusually depicts biography of D. D. Shostakovich, Barnes’ favourite Russian composer. The work emphasises and describes the main characteristics of the English writer’s poetics, as well as the literary devices he employs: intertextuality, fragmentation, fabulation and irony. Main attention is paid to the analysis of the intertextual references to Russian literature in “The Noise of Time”. In the novel, the reader can discover references and quotations from the short stories “The Overcoat” and “The Nose” by N. V. Gogol, the article “Hamlet and Don Quixote” by I. S. Turgenev, the short story “A Letter to a Learned Neighbor” by A. P. Chekhov and others, which additionally shed light on the main character’s image. The originality of the study lies in identifying the specific role of Russian classical literature in the imaginary world of “The Noise of Time”. As a result, it has been demonstrated that Russian literature is presented in the novel as an important aspect of Russian culture, as well as world culture and has made a tremendous impact on Barnes’ creative life.
The image of America and Americans in J. B. Priestley’s journalistic writings
Authors: Chernova Iuliia Vladimirovna , Egorova Olga Gennadievna
Published: July 2023

The paper analyses the image of America and Americans presented in J. B. Priestley’s essays. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the image of America and Americans in J. B. Priestley’s journalistic writings. The paper analyses his essays from different years included in the collection “Notes in the Margins”: “American Notes”, “Who Is Anti-American?”, “America: Dream and Scene” – from the perspective of Anglo-American ties and interactions reflected in them. The paper is novel in that it is the first to analyse J. B. Priestley’s essays on America within the framework of the imagological approach. The study of the formation and transformation of the image of America and Americans in the creative work of the English writer will clarify the dynamic contradictory process of interaction between literary and public consciousness. The results showed that the image of America and Americans is ambivalent. Throughout his life, as he gets acquainted with and immerses himself in the culture, J. B. Priestley changes his views, but the rejection of the imposed “pretty picture” and the widespread “admass”, which originates in America, remains. In all the essays, the writer focuses on the distinction between the political images of the countries represented on the pages of magazines and the people who live in them.
Individual author’s neologisms in the works of Bernardine Evaristo as a linguocultural phenomenon
Authors: Dubovitskaya Maria Anatolievna
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to the topical issue of studying author’s new lexical units that reflect modern changes and realities in various spheres of society. The aim of the research is to search for and systematise individual author’s neologisms significant for the context in three works by Bernardine Evaristo. The paper provides an overview of the word-formation models of author’s occasionalisms in literary texts and also highlights the functions of neologisms. Scientific originality lies in a comprehensive consideration of author’s neologisms in the context of ethnocultural minorities using the material of modern fiction. As a result of studying neologisms in the analysed texts, the specifics of language use in various segments of London society have been revealed and the word-formation models of author’s neologisms have also been identified. In the course of the analysis, a list of 40 author’s neologisms from three novels has been compiled: “Mr. Loverman”, “Girl, Woman, Other” and “Soul Tourists”. All the selected author’s occasionalisms have a high degree of contextuality and situationality, on the one hand, but they contain common linguocognitive tendencies, on the other hand.
Reemplazo esofágico mínimamente invasivo con tubo de Akiyama en un paciente pediátrico con quemadura esofágica
Authors: Salazar-Palacio Carolina , Rosales-Parra Nicolás Dayam , Molina-Valencia Juliana Lucía , Romero-Espitia Walter David , Loochkartt-Pardo Ángelo
Published: July 2023

Introducción. La ingesta de cáusticos continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en los países en vía de desarrollo, por lo que a veces es necesario realizar un reemplazo esofágico en estos pacientes. Aún no existe una técnica estandarizada para este procedimiento.
Caso clínico. Masculino de 10 años con estenosis esofágica por ingesta de cáusticos, quien no mejoró con las dilataciones endoscópicas. Se realizó un ascenso gástrico transhiatal por vía ortotópica mediante cirugía mínimamente invasiva como manejo quirúrgico definitivo.
Discusión. Actualmente existen varios tipos de injertos usados en el reemplazo esofágico. La interposición colónica y gástrica son las que cuentan con mayores estudios, mostrando resultados similares.
Conclusiones. La elección del tipo y posición del injerto debe ser individualizada, tomando en cuenta las características de las lesiones y la anatomía de cada paciente para aumentar la tasa de éxito.
Resecabilidad de las metástasis hepáticas según la lateralidad del tumor colorrectal primario y la temporalidad de presentación. Serie de casos en dos instituciones de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Naranjo-Salazar Camilo , Londoño-Castillo Juliana , Niño Sebastián
Published: July 2023

Introducción. La neoplasia colorrectal es una patología oncológica muy frecuente a nivel mundial y una de las causas más comunes de mortalidad por cáncer. La epidemiologia, diagnóstico y tratamiento han sido ampliamente estudiadas, mientras que los datos sobre la enfermedad metastásica siguen siendo escasos. El hígado es el órgano más comúnmente afectado y algunos estudios sugieren diferencias en sobrevida y resecabilidad según la localización del tumor primario. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el comportamiento y resecabilidad de neoplasias avanzadas colorrectales en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.
Métodos. Estudio analítico retrospectivo para identificar los patrones de las metástasis hepáticas y sus características en función de las diferencias clínicas, histológicas y endoscópicas del tumor colorrectal primario entre 2015 y 2020.
Resultados. Se recolectaron 54 pacientes con neoplasia colorrectal y metástasis hepáticas, 21 (39 %) derechas y 33 (61 %) izquierdas. El número de metástasis promedio fue de 3,1 en tumores del lado derecho y de 2,4 del izquierdo y el tamaño promedio de cada lesión fue de 4,9 y 4,2 cm, respectivamente. La tasa de resecabilidad fue del 42 % en los tumores derechos y del 82 % en los izquierdos. Las lesiones metacrónicas presentaron una tasa de resecabilidad del 90 % y las sincrónicas del 61 %.
Conclusión. En este estudio, las lesiones originadas en neoplasias primarias del colon izquierdo y las lesiones metacrónicas fueron factores pronósticos favorables para la resecabilidad, un factor que impacta en la sobrevida y el tiempo libre de enfermedad de estos pacientes.
Theoretical Evaluation of Solar Assisted Desiccant Cooling System for a Small Meeting-Hall
Authors: Joudi Khalid Ahmed , Jabbar Hussam Hikmat
Published: July 2023

The performance of a solar assisted desiccant cooling system for a meeting-hall located in the College of Engineering/University of Baghdad was evaluated theoretically. The system was composed of four components; a solar air heater, a desiccant dehumidifier, a heat exchanger and an evaporative cooler. A computer simulation was developed by using MATLAB to assess the effect of various design and operating conditions on the performance of the system and its components. The actual weather data on recommended days were used to assess the load variation and the system performance during those days. The radiant time series method (RTS) was used to evaluate the hourly variation of the cooling load. Four operation modes were employed for performance evaluation. A 100 % ventilation mode and 3 recirculation modes, 30 % , 60 % and 100 % recirculation of room air. The concept of variable air volume was employed as a control strategy over the day, by changing the supply airflow rate to match the variation in the cooling load.The results showed that the reduction in moisture content at regeneration temperatures from 55 o C to 75 o C lead to adequate removal of the high latent load in the meeting-hall. Also, the 30 % recirculation of return air resulted in comfortable indoor conditions satisfying the ventilation requirements for most periods of system operation. In addition, the COP of the system was high compared with the conventional vapor compression system. It varied from 1 to 13, when considering solar energy used to regenerate thedesiccant material as free energy.
Quality-Cost Analysis of Gasoline Production Process
Authors: Dawood Lamyaa.Mohammed. , Ismayyir Dhuha Kadhim
Published: July 2023

Process capability provides a quantitative measure for gasoline production conformance to specifications.It was measured throughout four consecutive months of the last quarter of 2011. Results revealed high percentages (up to 44%) of non conforming gasoline blends to Iraqi marketing specifications for petroleum products (2000) by inspecting 122 different samples of Iraqi regular gasoline (RON 85).Quality cost analysis as an important financial control tool was carried out to evaluate Cost of Quality (COQ) which was large due to non conforming gasoline reached up to (722.8 M.ID) in October. In this research COQ was investigated in order to identify the opportunities of gasoline quality improvements through production process. Also customers’ direct cost loss due to poor gasoline quality was verified and calculated, where amounted to its highest value (9.084960 M.ID) at November.
A Study of Human Linear Abstraction and It's Contextual Application:
Authors: Shaikh Ejaz
Published: July 2023

This research paper investigates the importance of linearity in organisms, specifically humans, and its relationship with the phenomenon of abstraction. The paper hypothesizes that there must be common patterns exploited for human abstractions to occur, thus implying the existence of something very common at the base of the world, which is linearity. The paper provides proof through the study of geometry, directionality, and efficiency in organisms. It also examines the utility of linear pathways and how they affect an organism's energy efficiency. Finally, the paper analyzes how linear perception and structures influence human decision-making.
KONTRAK - PEMBERDAYAAN KELUARGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERAWATAN MANDIRI KLIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI DAERAH LAHAN KERING KEPULAUAN
Authors: Wahyuni Maria Magdalena Dwi
Published: July 2023

PEMBERDAYAAN KELUARGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERAWATAN MANDIRI KLIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI DAERAH LAHAN KERING KEPULAUAN
Conditional Enfranchisement: How Partisanship Determines Support for Noncitizen Voting Rights
Authors: Alarian Hannah M. , Zonszein Stephanie
Published: July 2023

Expanding suffrage is critical for democratic inclusion. In the U.S., noncitizen residents are the latest focus of such (re)enfranchising efforts. Public opinion plays a significant role in the passage of legislation expanding or restricting noncitizen access to local elections. Although elite support for noncitizen suffrage is well-documented, little is known about public opinion toward such noncitizen voter policies. What accounts for voter support for noncitizen electoral participation? We argue that the partisan alignment between noncitizens and U.S. voters shapes U.S. voters' support for noncitizen voting rights. Evidence from two survey experiments suggests that U.S. voters are pragmatic in their enfranchising preferences: voters increase their support for co-partisan enfranchisement but oppose this same policy when considering out-partisans. These dynamics are present among both Republicans and Democrats, underscoring the societal implications of heightened partisanship on American democracy.
SK - MODEL KEJADIAN TBC (TUBERCULOSIS) RESISTEN OBAT (RO) PADA PASIEN TBC DI DAERAH LAHAN KERING KEPULAUAN
Authors: Wahyuni Maria Magdalena Dwi
Published: July 2023

MODEL KEJADIAN TBC (TUBERCULOSIS) RESISTEN OBAT (RO)PADA PASIEN TBC DI DAERAH LAHAN KERING KEPULAUAN
KONTRAK - PENGARUH KONSUMSI SE’I BABI INDUSTRI DAN SE’I BABI RUMAHAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR LDL SEBAGAI INDIKASI PERLEMAKAN HATI PADA HEWAN COBA
Authors: Wahyuni Maria Magdalena Dwi
Published: July 2023

Sei babi merupakan makanan dengan komposisi kalori yang terdiri dari 71% lemak, 1% karbohidrat, dan 28% protein. Berdasarkan kandungan lemak pada sei babi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sei babi merupakan makanan dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi. Hal ini didukung dengan penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa diet dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi adalah ketika sediaan kalori lebih dari 60% berasal dari lemak. Kandungan asam lemak jenuh pada sei babi sebesar 3,45 gram juga merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dalam terjadinya IHTG (Intra Hepatic Triglyceride) yaitu kondisi ketika hati menyimpan terlalu banyak Trigliserida sebagai implikasi dari kandungan lemak yang tinggi pada diet. Salah satu jenis asam lemak jenuh adalah lemak trans yang banyak ditemukan dalam daging babi
No evidence for the existence of the d(isease) factor
Authors: Fried Eiko I
Published: July 2023

Mental health problems often co-occur, as do physical conditions. There is also comorbidity between mental and physical health problems, such as cancer and depression. In their recent work, Brandt et al. (2023) propose that the d(isease) factor explains why. They define the d factor as an "underlying disease dimension […] that accounts for the individuals' propensity to develop mental as well as physical conditions", and as "a general vulnerability to develop any of the included conditions". This rests on similar work in the mental health literature, where some have claimed to have identified a p(sychopathology) factor to explain the comorbidity among mental health problems (Caspi & Moffitt, 2018). Brandt et al. (2023) conclude that “our results support the assumption of the existence of a general d factor in adults”, and that this has important implications for both “conceptualization and classification of mental and physical conditions” as well as “clinical practice and policy". I explain in this brief piece why these conclusions do not follow.
Just Do It: A Neuropsychological Theory of Agency, Cognition, Mood, and Dopamine
Authors: Ashby F. Gregory , Zetzer Heidi A. , Conoley Collie W. , Pickering Alan
Published: July 2023

Agency is the sense that one has control over one’s own actions and the consequences of those actions. Despite the critical role that agency plays in the human condition, little is known about its neural basis. A novel theory proposes that increases in agency disinhibit the dopamine system and thereby increase the number of tonically active dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. The theory, called ADDS (Agency Disinhibits the Dopamine System), proposes a specific neural network that mediates these effects. ADDS accurately predicts a variety of relevant neuroscience results, and makes many novel predictions, including that increases in agency will 1) increase motivation, 2) improve executive function, 3) facilitate procedural learning, but only in the presence of immediate trial-by-trial feedback, 4) have little or no effect on learning-related effects of stimulus repetition or on standard eyeblink conditioning, 5) facilitate the development of automatic behaviors, but have little or no effect on the production of behaviors that are already automatized, 6) amplify the cognitive benefits of positive mood, and 7) reduce pain. The implications of this new theory are considered for several purely psychological theories that assign prominent roles to agency, including self-efficacy theory, hope theory, and goal-focused positive psychotherapy.
Joint contributions of preview and task instructions on visual search strategy selection
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Irons Jessica , Hansen Heather , Leber Andrew B.
Published: July 2023

People tend to employ suboptimal attention control strategies during visual search. Here we question why people are suboptimal, specifically investigating how knowledge of the optimal strategies and the time available to apply such strategies affect strategy use. We used the Adaptive Choice Visual Search (ACVS; Irons & Leber, 2018), a task designed to assess attentional control optimality. We used explicit strategy instructions to manipulate explicit strategy knowledge, and we used display previews to manipulate time to apply the strategies. In the first two experiments, the strategy instructions increased optimality. However, the preview manipulation did not significantly boost optimality for participants who did not receive strategy instruction. Finally, in Experiments 3A and 3B, we jointly manipulated preview and instruction with a larger sample size. Preview and instruction both produced significant main effects; furthermore, they interacted significantly, such that the beneficial effect of instructions emerged with greater preview time. Taken together, these results have important implications for understanding the strategic use of attentional control. Individuals with explicit knowledge of the optimal strategy are more likely to exploit relevant information in their visual environment, but only to the extent that they have the time to do so.
Correlation between quantitative traits and grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids
Authors: Krivosheev G. Ya. , Ignatiev A. S. , Lupinoga D. R. , Arzhenovskaya Yu. B. , Shevchenko N. A.
Published: July 2023

A subspecies of waxy maize (Zea mays L. ceratina) is characterized by the fact that its grain contains 100 % amylopectin starch, a valuable raw material for confectionery production, the manufacture of polymers, and a blood substitute. The absence of domestic waxy maize hybrids in the State List of Breeding Achievements necessitates the study in this area of breeding. The purpose of the current study was to identify dependencies that make it possible to increase the efficiency of the breeding process when developing waxy maize hybrids. The study was carried out at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 36 waxy maize hybrids developed by the method of interline hybridization. The studied traits differed in the degree of variation. High coefficients of variation were identified in the traits ‘grain productivity’ (V = 30.1 %) and ‘one cob weight’ (V = 21.5 %). The traits ‘number of rows’ (V = 8.4 %) and ‘grain yield during threshing’ (V = 8.2 %) turned out to be slightly varying. An increase in the values of any studied trait resulted in an increase in grain yield. However, the signs of productivity were not equivalent according to their effect on the formation of the grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids. There have been identified the most influential traits of productivity, such as ‘number of cobs per 1 plant’, ‘one cob weight’ and ‘number of seeds per cob’. The correlation between them and grain productivity is positive, close (r = 0.73±0.12 – 0.82±0.10). The identified traits have been positively associated with the rest (r = 0.30±0.16 – 0.74±0.12), the selection of samples with high values does not reduce the values of other productivity traits. The identified dependencies must be taken into account when selecting the initial material and when developing waxy maize hybrids.
Comparative analysis of grain productivity and biometric elements of winter wheat varieties depending on the variety change periods
Authors: Levakova O. V. , Gladysheva O. V. , Kostanyants M. I.
Published: July 2023

The current study was carried out at the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM” (Ryazan region) on dark gray forest soil of medium fertility (organic matter content 5.60 %) in 2018–2022. The objects of the study were 9 winter common wheat varieties (developed by the FSBSI FRC “Nemchinovka” and FSBSI FRAC VIM), which were included in the State List of Breeding Achievements from 2005–2023 in the Central region of the Non-Blackearth part of the Russian Federation and divided according to the variety change periods, i.e. period V with ‘Galina’, ‘Angelina’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Viola’; period VI with ‘Danaya’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Galateya’, ‘Anfisa’, ‘Boyarka’. The purpose of the study was to analyze the grain yield and biometric elements of its structural indicators in the winter common wheat varieties, depending on the variety change periods in the conditions of the southern part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. During the study, there has been established an excess of the average (by 15.9 %), minimum (by 27.9 %) and maximum (by 8.3 %) productivity of varieties of the last variety change period with 5.2 % advantage in realizing the yield potential (average 74.5 %) and adaptability coefficient by 17.4 % (average value over 1.0). The variety ‘Galateya’ has high values of productivity potential with adaptability coefficient of 1.12. There has been established that in modern varieties there was a decrease in the stem length by 5.9 cm on average. The shortest varieties were ‘Viola’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Anfisa’ and ‘Boyarka’ with 96–97 cm. There has been established that the varieties of the period VI experienced a stem augmentation on 12.7 %, number of grains per head on 2.5 %, grain weight per head on 11.7 % and 1000-grain weight on 4.2 % in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection. A significant contribution to the productivity of new varieties (r ≥ +0.700) was made by the traits ‘number of grains per head’ and ‘grain weight per head’. The variety ‘Anfisa’ had the longest head of 11.3 cm. The varieties ‘Galateya’, ‘Felitsiya’, and ‘Boyarka’ had number of grains per head more than 42.0 pcs., and grain weight per head of more than 2.0 g. All varieties of the last variety change had large grain, m1000 > 46.0 g, the variety ‘Galateya’ had especially coarse grain of 49.1 g.
The new winter rye variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’
Authors: Triputin V. M. , Kashuba Yu. N. , Kovtunenko A. N.
Published: July 2023

Winter rye, with all its advantages (adaptability, stress resistance, increased productivity), cannot compete with other grain crops, and the reason is grain quality to a greater extent. Solution of the issue is possible when cultivating rye varieties with a low content of water-soluble pentosans in grain. In Western Siberia, winter rye has traditionally been considered a leading grain crop, which efficiently uses environmental resources and is more productive in comparison with winter wheat and triticale. In order to increase the efficiency, the low-pentosan rye variety ‘Bereginya’ was involved in the breeding study of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. As an initial form, this variety was used to develop a new variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’. The purpose of the current work was to characterize this variety according to a number of valuable traits. The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the laboratory for winter crop breeding in 2020–2022. The estimation of the rye variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ has identified several advantages in comparison with the standard variety ‘Irina’. The new variety was more productive. Its excess over the standard variety was 0.36 t/ha (with an average productivity of 6.34 t/ha). The variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ is characterized by the best severity of quantitative traits (‘grain size’ and ‘head productivity’) and grain quality indicators (‘grain unit’, ‘falling number’). In order to select for increased productivity of a new variety there has been proposed grain content of a head as the main trait, which is characterized by a strong correlation with the trait ‘grain weight per head’ (r = 0.731–0.889). In 2022 the variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ was sent to the State Variety Testing and recommended for use in the West Siberian and East Siberian regions.
Estimation of the stability of spring barley productivity under the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region
Authors: Deriglazova G. M.
Published: July 2023

The study of the stability of productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Suzdalets’ was carried out at the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” when cultivating the crop in various crop rotations with the application of mineral fertilizers, in the conditions of the Central Blackearth Region on chernozem soils over 7 rotations of three crop rotations (from 1985 to 2010). Mineral fertilizers for barley were applied in doses of N30Р30К30 and N60Р60К60. The main tillage was plowing. The purpose of the current work was to identify the influence of factors on the stability of spring barley productivity using a comprehensive estimation of the associated data of cultivation technology, weather, and soil conditions. There has been found that the spring barley productivity variation in the trial by 44 % was because of weather conditions, the interaction of weather conditions with the application of mineral fertilizers (20 %) and the interaction of all the studied factors (12 %). The conducted correlation analysis has shown a direct dependence on the HTC (r = 0.51) and an inverse dependence with the sum of active temperatures (r = –0.66). The introduction of a double dose of mineral fertilizers has reduced the dependence of barley productivity on the amount of precipitation during the crop vegetation period. The largest productivity was established in the grain-fallow crop rotation. When fertilizing, it has increased in all crop rotations. With the introduction of grasses in the crop rotation, the stability of productivity has improved. There has been identified that spring barley productivity has a direct correlation with the content of humus and with the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0.56–0.69) and ammonium nitrogen (r = 0.50–0.55). There has been established that barley productivity has a direct, moderate and noticeable correlation (r = 0.33–0.63) with a mobility degree of phosphates and potassium. With the help of the obtained mathematical model, knowing the mobility degree of phosphates and potassium in soil, there will be possible to predict spring barley productivity on blackearth soils of the Central Blackearth Region.
Moisture supply of the sown winter common and durum wheat
Authors: Ovsyannikova G. V. , Popov A. S. , Sukharev А. А. , Kopman I. K. , Manukyan Yu. V.
Published: July 2023

The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2022. The purpose of the study was to determine the moisture content of the winter common and durum wheat sown after various forecrops. There has been found that during the study, precipitation fell unevenly over the seasons. The amount of useful precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat (mean for three years) was 319.80 mm. There has been established that when sown in weedfree fallow, the total moisture consumption both over the years (278.90–445.00 mm) and on average over three years (381.40 mm) exceeded the amount of useful precipitation. On the formation of grain yield winter wheat has spent, in addition to precipitation, the productive moisture accumulated from the soil. There has been found that when sown after non-fallow forecrops, in the absence of reserves of productive moisture in the soil, the productivity formation proceeded mainly due to precipitation. When sowing winter wheat, the total moisture consumption (mean in 2019–2022) was 322.00 mm after peas and 315.50 mm after sunflower. There has been determined that the highest grain yield of the varieties ‘Zodiak’ (7.90 t/ha) and ‘Yantarina’ (6.28 t/ha) was obtained when sown in weedfree fallow, while they spent the least amount of moisture per yield unit, being 487.10 and 649, 70 m3/t respectively. When sown after sunflower, grain yield of the varieties was the lowest, and the total moisture consumption per ton of grain was the highest, being 5.60 t/ha and 599.20 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’); 4.02 t/ha and 869.70 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’). The forecrop ‘peas’ occupied an intermediate position between weedfree fallow and sunflower both in terms of productivity and total moisture consumption per ton of grain, being 6.36 t/ha and 528.60 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’) and 4.92 t/ha 823, 60 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’).
Effect of viral eradication with direct-acting antiviral agents on iron parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis c and hyperferritinemia
Authors: Castiella Agustin , José Sánchez-Iturri María , Urreta Iratxe , Torrente Silvia , Alcorta Ana , Zapata Eva
Published: July 2023

Background:

Patients with chronic hepatitis C are at increased risk for hyperferritinemia (HF). Abnormalities of serum iron parameters are frequently observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). About a third of patients have increased iron parameters. Recently, studies on the effect of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in HCV eradication in patients with increased serum iron has been published, demonstrating the restoration of normal iron status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of viral eradication with DDAs in patients with CHC and HF.

Methods:

Retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 including patients treated with DAAs for HCV. Pre-treatment (PreT) and post-treatment (PostT) serum ferritin values were evaluated in all patients. Inclusion criteria: Pret HF (>400 μg/L); CHC patients treated with DAA achieving sustained viral response (SVR). Exclusion criteria: No PreT or PostT HF available; no SVR; lost patients.

Results:

From 621 patients treated with DAAs for CHC, 77 presented HF (12.40%), and 74 were included in the study. Fifty nine were men (79.73%) with a mean age 58.33, SD 8.68; PreT mean ferritin: 893.20 (SD 1037.09); PostT: 264.17 (SD 161.33); PreT mean transferrin saturation: 40.96 (SD 15.71); PostT: 29.82 (SD 11.17); PreT mean serum iron 152.32 (SD 62.07), PostT: 109.32 (SD 39.49). When we compared PreT and PostT iron parameters, significant statistical differences were present considering ferritin ( p = 0.0000), transferrin saturation ( p = 0.0000), and iron ( p = 0.0002) determinations.

Conclusions:

SVR after DAAs for CHC induces a statistically significant reduction on iron parameters.
Controversias éticas en la atención del aborto, fertilización in vitro y anticoncepción en la mujer
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramos Miguel
Published: July 2023

En relación con los procesos de reproducción, las evidencias científicas de los últimosaños y la vasta y mejor información con la que se cuenta para medir y estimar losindicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad en salud reproductiva han llevado a definirnuevas estrategias en el marco del derecho a la salud que tienen las mujeres. Paraalgunas personas son planteamientos claros, pero para otros no tanto, generandoa la luz de los principios de ética controversias que es necesario plantear y, si esposible, resolver. En ese sentido, se ha seleccionado para esta presentación el aborto,la reproducción asistida y la anticoncepción, temas actuales que suscitan opinionesdiferentes o contrapuestas de personas o instituciones, no siempre producto de unareflexión, justa, honrada, no ideologizada, buscando el bienestar de las personas. Aveces, es el resultado de la satisfacción de un interés personal o institucional.