bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon racemosa (Hemsl) Hara
Authors: Ding Lan , Liu Guo‐An , Wang Lai , Sun Kun , Wang Han
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise Total Syntheses of Palominol (I), Dolabellatrienone (II), β‐Araneosene (III), and Isoedunol via an Enantioselective Diels—Alder Macrobicyclization.
Authors: Snyder Scott A. , Corey E. J.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithocholic Acid Analogues, New and Potent α‐2,3‐Sialyltransferase Inhibitors.
Authors: Chang Kai‐Hsuan , Lee Lenselot , Chen Jessica , Li Wen‐Shan
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two Isoquinolones from the Roots of Phellodendron Amurense var. Wilsonii
Authors: Chiang Yu‐Lung , Su Chung‐Ren , Kuo Ping‐Chung , Damu Amooru G. , Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Effect of a Remote Substituent on Chlorination of Melatonin.
Authors: Bidylo T. I. , Yurovskaya M. A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of FR901464: Second Generation.
Authors: Motoyoshi Hajime , Horigome Masato , Watanabe Hidenori , Kitahara Takeshi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Single‐Crystal BaMo2O7 Nanowire Bundles: A General, Low‐Temperature Hydrothermal Approach to 1D Molybdenum Oxide‐Based Nanostructures.
Authors: Gao Peng , Xie Yi , Ye Lina , Chen Ying , Li Zhen
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Functional Metal Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Li Feng , Duan Xue
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies of Guest Ion Intercalation into Layered Double Hydroxides Using Time‐Resolved, in situ X‐Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Williams Gareth R. , Khan Aamir I. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Computer Modelling of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Catlow Richard , Bell Robert , Cora Furio , French Samuel A. , Slater Ben , Sokol Alexey
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanomaterials Based on High‐Melting Carbides, Nitrides and Borides
Authors: Andrievski R. A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolation, Characterization, and Independent Synthesis of Guanine Oxidation Products
Authors: Gimisis Thanasis , Cismas Crina
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Reductions
Authors: Danks Timothy N. , Wagner Gabriele
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Their Oxidation in the Atmosphere
Authors: Barnes Ian , Hjorth Jens , Mihalopoulos Nikos
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anticandidal Low Molecular Compounds from Higher Plants with Special Reference to Compounds from Essential Oils
Authors: Pauli A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unnatural α‐Amino Acids via Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enamides
Authors: Au‐Yeung Terry T.‐L. , Chan Shu‐Sun , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition‐Metal Catalysis as a Tool for the Covalent Labeling of Proteins
Authors: van Maarseveen Jan H. , Reek Joost N. H. , Back Jaap Willem
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Boronic Acid Containing cis‐Stilbenes as Apoptotic Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Kuroda Hirokazu , Saito Hiroyuki , Suzuki Ryo , Yamori Takao , Maruyama Kazuo , Haga Tatsuya
Published: May 2006

A series of boronic acid containing cis‐stilbenes as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization was synthesized by the introduction of boronic acid as an acceptor‐type functional group into the aromatic ring B of the combretastatin framework. High cell‐growth inhibition was observed with boron compounds 13 c and 13 d, in which a hydroxy group on the aromatic ring B of combretastatin A‐4 was replaced with boronic acid; IC50 values toward B‐16 and 1‐87 cell lines are 0.48–2.1 μM. Compounds 13 c and 13 d exhibited significant inhibitory activity toward tubulin polymerization (IC50=21–22 μM). The carboxylic acid derivative 17, which can be considered as a mimic of boronic acid 13 c, did not show significant inhibition of cell growth or tubulin polymerization. According to the FACScan analysis using Jurkat cells, apoptosis was induced after incubation for 8 h with 13 c at a concentration of >10−8 M. Growth inhibitory experiments against a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines revealed 13 c to inhibit growth differently than combretastatin A‐4; the correlation coefficient (r) between the two compounds was 0.553 in the COMPARE analysis.
Engineering mutations: Deconstructing the mouse gene by gene
Authors: Raymond Christopher S. , Soriano Philippe
Published: May 2006

Over the past years new vectors and methodologies have been developed to carry out large‐scale genome‐wide insertional mutagenesis screens in the mouse. Gene trapping, the most commonly used technique, is based on the insertion of a retroviral‐ or plasmid‐based vector into a gene, resulting in a loss‐of‐function mutation, while simultaneously reporting its expression pattern and providing a molecular tag to facilitate cloning. The discovery of vertebrate DNA transposons in the mouse and recent improvements has also led to their increased use in insertional mutagenesis screens. Several public resources have been set‐up recently by the academic community to distribute information and materials generated from these large‐scale screens. These new resources should accelerate the study and understanding of biological and developmental processes. Developmental Dynamics 235:2424–2436, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular approach to annelid regeneration: cDNA subtraction cloning reveals various novel genes that are upregulated during the large‐scale regeneration of the oligochaete, Enchytraeus japonensis
Authors: Myohara Maroko , Niva Cintia Carla , Lee Jae Min
Published: May 2006

To identify genes specifically activated during annelid regeneration, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with cDNAs from regenerating and intact Enchytraeus japonensis, a terrestrial oligochaete that can regenerate a complete organism from small body fragments within 4–5 days. Filter array screening subsequently revealed that about 38% of the forward‐subtracted cDNA clones contained genes that were upregulated during regeneration. Two hundred seventy‐nine of these clones were sequenced and found to contain 165 different sequences (79 known and 86 unknown). Nine clones were fully sequenced and four of these sequences were matched to known genes for glutamine synthetase, glucosidase 1, retinal protein 4, and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, respectively. The remaining five clones encoded an unknown open‐reading frame. The expression levels of these genes were highest during blastema formation. Our present results, therefore, demonstrate the great potential of annelids as a new experimental subject for the exploration of unknown genes that play critical roles in animal regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 235:2051–2070, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc Complexes of Amine Mono(phenolate) [NOO2] Ligands: Controlling Coordination Modes by Bulk of Phenolate Substituents
Authors: Groysman Stanislav , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Goldberg Israel , Kol Moshe
Published: May 2006

The coordination chemistry of three tripodal monoanionic amine mono(phenolate) ligands bearing two methoxy sidearm donors with ethylzinc(II) is reported. Reacting diethylzinc with the ligand precursor bearing bulky (tBu) phenolate substituents led cleanly to a mono(ethyl) mononuclear Cs‐symmetric zinc complex according to spectroscopic data. X‐ray structure analysis revealed a semi‐pentacoordinate complex as one of the methoxy sidearm donors was tightly bound whereas the other one was weakly bound. The ligand precursors bearing less bulky electron‐donating (Me) or electron‐withdrawing (Br) phenolate substituents led cleanly to dinuclear pentacoordinate complexes, bridged by phenolate oxygens, in which only one of the two sidearm donors was bound, and in a weak manner. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalysed by New Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing the Sulfonated Phosphane (meta‐Sulfonatophenyl)diphenylphosphane Potassium Salt (TPPMS)
Authors: Díez Josefina , Gamasa M. Pilar , Lastra Elena , García‐Fernández Almudena , Tarazona M. Pilar
Published: May 2006

New half‐sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl2(η6‐arene)(TPPMS)] [η6‐arene = p‐cymene (1a), benzene (1b)] and [RuCl(η6‐arene)(TPPMS)2][Cl] [η6‐arene = p‐cymene (2a), benzene (2b)] containing the water‐soluble (meta‐sulfonatophenyl)diphenylphosphane potassium salt (TPPMS) have been synthesised. The X‐ray analysis for complex 1a revealed that, in the solid state, complex anions are held together in the crystal lattice by weak electrostatic interactions with potassium cations leading to a linear chain structure. The extent of the association in solution depends on the solvent and the determination of the size of the particles in THF can be accomplished using Multiangle Light Scattering (MALS). The new complexes proved to be excellent catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones and the hydrophilic properties of the TPPMS ligand allow the catalyst recovery. The hydride derivative [RuClH(η6‐p‐cymene)(TPPMS)] (4) has also been shown to be an efficient catalyst for these processes. Moreover, when 1a was used as catalyst, complex 4 was observed as the main product after the catalysis, supporting the implication of hydride species in transfer hydrogenation catalysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Copper(II) Complexes of the Tetraazamacrocyclic Tertiary Amide Ligand Alanyl‐Cyclam (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12/2006)
Authors: Schickaneder Christian , Heinemann Frank W. , Alsfasser Ralf
Published: May 2006

The cover picture shows the structural changes in tertiary carboxamide groups induced by coordination of the electrically neutral nitrogen atom to a metal ion. Changing the hybridization from sp2 to sp3 results in pyramidalization at the nitrogen atom. This is expressed by the parameter χN which ranges from 0° (sp2) to 60° (sp3). Werner complexes with relatively weak M–Namide bonds are known with χN values between 30° and 47°. Full sp3 hybridization with complete lifting of the resonance and a value of 58° for χN is achieved in a complex in which the copper(II) ion is in the centre of the tetraazamacrocyclic amide ligand tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐alanyl‐cyclam. Details of its synthesis and structure are discussed in the article by R. Alsfasser et al. on p. 2357 ff.
Metal‐Catalyzed Bond Reorganization of 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Cho Eun Jin , Kim Mansuk , Lee Daesung
Published: May 2006

1,3‐Diynes possessing propargylic heteroatom substituents provide functionalized 1,5‐dien‐3‐ynes when catalyzed by platinum and gold. This rearrangement implies the involvement of metallotropic [1,3]‐shift of the intermediate alkynyl metal carbene species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cover Picture: Synthesis of Alkynyl‐Substituted Nitronyl Nitroxides through an Organosilicon Derivative (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 12/2006)
Authors: Tretyakov Eugene , Romanenko Galina , Podoplelov Alexei , Ovcharenko Victor
Published: May 2006

The cover picture shows the synthesis of acetylenyl‐substituted nitronyl nitroxides, which affords single crystals under mild conditions, whose structure was studied by direct X‐ray analysis. Spin‐labeled acetylenes, now accessible to experimenters, have added all the power of alkyne chemistry to nitroxide chemistry. This was first demonstrated in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, which afforded the corresponding pyrazoles. The flask with a solution of a spinlabeled nitroxide reflects the kinetic stability of these compounds over prolonged periods of time in solution and the ensuing efficiency of the one‐pot synthesis strategy in obtaining the desired derivatives. Details are discussed in the article by V. Ovcharenko et al. on p. 2695 ff.
A rigid poly(dimethylsiloxane) sandwich electrophoresis microchip based on thin‐casting method
Authors: Liu Changchun , Cui Dafu , Cai Haoyuan , Chen Xing , Geng Zhaoxin
Published: May 2006

We present a novel concept of glass/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/glass sandwich microchip and developed a thin‐casting method for fabrication. Unlike the previously reported casting method for fabricating PDMS microchip, several drops of PDMS prepolymer were first added on the silanizing SU‐8 master, then another glass plate was placed over the prepolymer as a cover plate, and formed a glass plate/PDMS prepolymer/SU‐8 master sandwich mode. In order to form a thin PDMS membrane, a weight was placed on the glass plate. After the whole sandwich mode was cured at 80°C for 30 min, the SU‐8 master was easily peeled and the master microstructures were completely transferred to the PDMS membrane which was tightly stuck to the glass plate. The microchip was subsequently assembled by reversible sealing with the glass cover plate. We found that this PDMS sandwich microchip using the thin‐casting method could withstand internal pressures of >150 kPa, more than 5 times higher than that of the PDMS hybrid microchip with reversible sealing. In addition, it shows an excellent heat‐dissipating property and provides a user‐friendly rigid interface just like a glass microchip, which facilitates manipulation of the microchip and fix tubing. As an application, PDMS sandwich microchips were tested in the capillary electrophoresis separation of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled amino acids.
Solid‐phase extraction and large‐volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump in capillary electrophoresis for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in human plasma
Authors: Kuo Chien‐Yuan , Chiou Shyh‐Shin , Wu Shou‐Mei
Published: May 2006

This paper describes approaches for large‐volume sample stacking (LVSS) with an EOF pumpin CE for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) and its metabolites in human plasma. After pretreatment of plasma through a SPE cartridge, a large sample volume was loaded by hydrodynamic injection (3 psi, 70 s) into the capillary filled with phosphate buffer (70 mM, pH 6.0) containing 0.01% polyethylene oxide. Following removal of a large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (—25 kV), the separation of anionic analytes was subsequently performed without changing polarity again, achieving an improvement of sensitivity of around a 100‐fold. The method was applied to therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX in one acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient. This study is one of very few applications showing the feasibility of LVSS in analysis of biological samples by CE.
Proteomic mapping of the hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2
Authors: Barry Richard C. , Young Mark J. , Stedman Kenneth M. , Dratz Edward A.
Published: May 2006

A proteomic map of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, an archaeon that grows optimally at 80°C and pH 3.2, was developed using high‐resolution 2‐DE and peptide mass fingerprinting. A total of 867 protein spots (659 aqueous Tris‐soluble spots and 208 aqueous Tris‐insoluble) were mapped over IPG 3–10, 4–7, and 6–11, with second‐dimensional gels made of 8–18% polyacrylamide. Three hundred and twenty‐four different gene products were represented by the 867 spots, with 274 gene products being identified in the Tris‐soluble fractions and 100 gene products in the Tris‐insoluble portion. Fifty gene products were found on gels from both fractions. Additionally, an average of 1.50 ± 0.12 isoforms/protein was identified. This mapping study confirmed the expression of proteins involved in numerous metabolic, transport, energy production, nucleic acid replication, translation, and transcription pathways. Of particular interest, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (SSO2537) was detected even though the pathway for gluconeogenesis is unknown for this archaeon. Tris‐soluble fractions contained many cytosolic proteins while Tris‐insoluble fractions contained many membrane‐associated proteins, including ABC transporters and an ATP synthase. This study provides an optimized 2‐DE approach for investigating the biochemical pathways and post‐translational modifications employed by Sulfolobus to survive in its extreme environment.
Scanning copy number and gene expression on the 16p13.3‐13.2 chromosomal region by the systematic multiplex polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction methods
Authors: Yamamoto Miyako , Ahn Ray Hyungjoo , Yamamoto Fumiichiro
Published: May 2006

We developed the systematic multiplex reverse transcription‐PCR (SM RT‐PCR) method that is distinguishable from other multiplex RT‐PCR methods by optimized PCR conditions allowing amplification of sequences that fall within a single exon of genes of similar band intensity using genomic DNA template as a calibration standard. Using an SM RT‐PCR system of proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, we previously showed that the SM RT‐PCR system, which was developed for cDNA expression analysis, could also be used for a more exquisite analysis of copy number changes in genomic DNA. Here we report that the SM PCR method semiquantitatively detected less than a two‐fold difference in copy number. Furthermore, we also report the results of subchromosomal scanning of copy number and expression using the SM PCR and SM RT‐PCR methods. We identified and characterized the novel homozygous deletion that spans over 12‐plus genes on 16p13.3‐13.2 in the MDA‐MB‐468 breast cancer cell line.
Electrophoresis of pharmaceutical proteins: Status quo
Authors: Little Michael J. , Paquette Donald M. , Roos Pieter K.
Published: May 2006

The biotechnology industry has undergone rapid growth in recent years largely due to the development and success of protein‐based therapeutics for a wide range of disorders. Similar to traditional pharmaceuticals, characterization of a therapeutic protein for its physicochemical properties, process monitoring and lot release is crucial. Electrophoresis in the slab‐gel format has and continues to be a mainstay of the protein laboratory; and more recently, CE has begun to make significant inroads for protein analysis in industrial settings. This review focuses on the electrophoresis of proteins with an emphasis on protein‐based therapeutics in the capillary, slab‐gel and to a lesser extent, the microchip format. Reported applications of electrophoresis at several stages of the biopharmaceutical industry covering the period of 2000–2005 will be discussed.
Spectrum sharing with value‐orientation for cognitive radio
Authors: Mangold Stefan , Berlemann Lars , Nandagopalan Saishankar
Published: May 2006

Radio spectrum is not efficiently utilised because of the complicated and time‐consuming radio regulation processes. In this article, technologies to help overcoming this barrier, namely, cognitive radios, are discussed. Cognitive radios (i.e. agile radios) operate in the radio spectrum that was originally licensed to other (incumbent, primary) radio services. A cognitive radio seeks unused radio resources and communicates using these opportunities, without interfering with the operation of licensed radios. We discuss two main problems: protection of incumbents and coexistence of cognitive radios. Spectrum sharing among different radio systems can be understood as a scenario forming a society of independent decision‐makers. Therefore, basic concepts to classify social action that are taken from social science are applied to define system strategy rules. The rules represent algorithms for decision‐making entities (referred to as actors) that reside in the radio systems. For a simple scenario of spectrum sharing, we investigate the need for regulation as opposed to voluntary rules. Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymus capitellatus against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte strains
Authors: Salgueiro Lígia Ribeiro , Pinto Eugénia , Gonçalves Maria José , Costa Inês , Palmeira Ana , Cavaleiro Carlos , Pina‐Vaz Cidália , Rodrigues Acácio Gonçalves , Martinez‐de‐Oliveira José
Published: May 2006

The antifungal activity of Thymus capitellatus oils on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte strains were studied. The essential oils were obtained from the aerial parts of the plants by water distillation and analysed by GC and GC–MS. Three chemotypes were characterized: 1,8‐cineole (47.5%), 1,8‐cineole/borneol (28.8% and 19.5%, respectively) and 1,8‐cineole/linalyl acetate/linalool (27.5%, 20.0% and 17.0%, respectively). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined according to the NCCLS protocols (M27‐A and M38‐P) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida (seven clinical isolates and three ATCC type strains), Aspergillus (five clinical isolates, two CECT and two ATCC type strains) and five dermatophyte clinical fungi strains. The oils exhibited antifungal activity for the dermatophyte strains, with MIC values of 0.32–1.25 µl/ml; the chemotype 1,8‐cineole/linalyl acetate/linalool proved to be more active. The highest antifungal activity of this oil can be associated with the contribution of the linalyl acetate. In the other hand, all samples showed low activity against Candida and Aspergillus strains. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element procedure for triangular grids
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko , Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen
Published: May 2006

A flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element scheme is presented for use of triangular grids in the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The method provides spatially isotropic discretizations for low and high Reynolds number flows. Various example solutions are given to illustrate the capabilities of the procedure. This article replaces a previously published version, which was retracted due to printing errors: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2005; 49(8):849–875 [DOI: 10.1002/fld.1027]. Retraction notice DOI: 10.1002/fld.1247 Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the domains of anxiety and mood of the University of Washington Head and Neck Cancer Questionnaire (UW‐QOL V4) with the CES‐D and HADS
Authors: Rogers Simon N. , Rajlawat Bijaya , Goru Janaki , Lowe Derek , Humphris Gerry M.
Published: May 2006

Background.

Version 4 of the University of Washington Head and Neck Cancer Questionnaire (UW‐QOLv4) includes items on mood and anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the responses to these single items with the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS).

Methods.

A cross‐sectional postal survey was undertaken in April 2003. The survey was composed of all patients treated for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 1992 and 2002 who were alive and disease free.

Results.

We distributed 306 questionnaires; there were 197 replies (65%) from 110 male and 87 female patients. Most patients reported relatively little depression, with 170 of 190 (89%) reporting a HADS depression score of less than 11. Similarly, most patients were not anxious, with 158 of 183 (86%) reporting a HADS anxiety score of less than 11. UW‐QOL mood, UW‐QOL anxiety, HADS anxiety, HADS depression, and CES‐D scores were all moderately intercorrelated (Spearman correlations from 0.39–0.68 ignoring the signs, all p < .001). The UW‐QOL mood correlated with the scores and “case‐ness” categories of the HADS depression and CES‐D scales, whereas the UW‐QOL anxiety correlated with the scores and “case‐ness” of the HADS anxiety.

Conclusions.

Questions on mood and anxiety can help identify significant psychological morbidity, taking a score of less than 75 for UW‐QOL mood and less than 70 for UW‐QOL anxiety. This could be used to trigger formal psychological assessment and with a view to possible therapeutic intervention. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Novel 2‐Arylbenzofuran Derivatives from Artocarpus petelotii
Authors: Chen Lei , Jiang Wei , Hou Ai‐Jun
Published: May 2006

Further phytochemical investigations on the root barks of Artocarpus petelotii Gagnep afforded four novel isoprenylated 2‐arylbenzofuran derivatives, namely artopetelins D–G (1–4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly by 2D‐NMR techniques. The biogenetic origins of artopetelins F and G (3 and 4) were also postulated.
First 13C‐NMR Assignments of Betaxanthins
Authors: Stintzing Florian C. , Kugler Florian , Carle Reinhold , Conrad Jürgen
Published: May 2006

Due to their inherent liability towards highly acidic conditions previously considered to be a prerequisite for data acquisition, betaxanthin structure dereplication by NMR spectroscopy has been scarcely reported and was, hitherto, exclusively based on 1H‐NMR data interpretation. Applying only slightly acidic conditions, we herein report the first 13C‐NMR data of two betaxanthins, i.e., indicaxanthin (1), isolated from yellow‐orange cactus pear fruits (Opuntia ficus‐indica [L.] Mill. cv. ‘Gialla’), and of miraxanthin V (2) from yellow Swiss chard petioles (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla [L.] Alef. cv. ‘Bright Lights’), as derived by gHSQC‐ and gHMQC‐NMR experiments and inverse detection.
A New 18(13 → 12β)‐abeo‐Lanostadiene Triterpenoid from Ganoderma fornicatum
Authors: Qiao Ying , Zhang Xian‐Min , Dong Xue‐Chang , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: May 2006

A new triterpenoid, fornicatin C (= (3β)‐3‐hydroxy‐18(13 → 12β)‐abeo‐lanosta‐13(17),24‐dien‐18‐oic acid; 1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma fornicatum, together with the known compounds fornicatin A (2) and fornicatin B (3), among other constituents. The structure of 1 was elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques, and those of 2 and 3 were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.
Effect of the Secondary Reduction on the Enantioselectivity and Function of Additives in the Chiral Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Borane Reduction of Ketones
Authors: Liu Han , Du Da‐Ming , Xu Jiaxi
Published: May 2006

The secondary reduction in the direct and oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction of ketones was investigated by the use of GC/MS tracing titration and control experiments. The results indicate that the secondary reduction affects the enantioselectivity only in noncoordinated solvents at low temperature and not under the usual catalytic reduction conditions because the intermediate alkoxyborane is unstable and quickly converts to borane and dialkoxyborane. The function of an alcohol additive in the asymmetric borane reduction of ketones is to consume excess borane in the reduction system thus inhibiting noncatalytic reduction, which leads to increased enantioselectivity in the catalytic reduction.
Radio‐Analytical Determination of the Coating Efficiency of Cyclic RGD Peptides
Authors: Auernheimer Jörg , Haubner Roland , Schottelius Margret , Wester Hans‐Jürgen , Kessler Horst
Published: May 2006

Coating of artificial surfaces with RGD (= arginine‐glycine‐aspartate) peptides to enhance cell adhesion is an ongoing issue. Thereby, the physiological adhesion process to the extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) is mimicked by the peptide coating, leading to a strong cell‐surface contact, followed by spreading and proliferation of the cells. For comparable cell adhesion studies, it is important to know the density of the RGD peptides on the surface. Here, we present an approach to determine the amount of bound cyclic RGD peptide by radio labeling with 125I of a tyrosine‐containing RGD peptide on different materials surfaces (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), titanium, and silicon). For all surfaces, the amount of bound peptides is in the range of pmol/cm1.
A Minimalist Approach to CH Activation by Copper
Authors: Kuebel‐Pollak Anita , Rüttimann Stéphane , Dunn Nichola , Melich Xavier , Williams Alan F. , Bernardinelli Gérald
Published: May 2006

The complex [Cu2(1)2]2+ (1 = 1,3‐bis(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene) undergoes slow oxidation by dioxygen in DMF solution to give the hydroxylated product [Cu2(2‐H)2]2+ (2 = 2,6‐bis(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)phenol) characterized by an X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis. The oxidation occurs much faster when CuII is mixed with 1 in the presence of H2O2, with 80% hydroxylation observed within a few minutes. The mononuclear complex formed with 1‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (3) shows no hydroxylation under these conditions. It is concluded that the hydroxylation requires the presence of a ligand capable of stabilizing a binuclear species, but no special coordinative activation of the copper is required.
Palladium‐Catalyzed 2‐Phenylethenylation of Codeine: 8‐[(1E)‐2‐Phenylethenyl]codeinone Dimethyl Ketal as the Unexpected ‘Masked’ Diene for the Preparation of 19‐Substituted Diels–Alder Adducts of Thebaine
Authors: Kalinin Valery N. , Shishkov Igor V. , Moiseev Sergey K. , Shults Elvira E. , Tolstikov Genrikh A. , Sosnina Natalia I. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Schmidhammer Helmut
Published: May 2006

In a search for starting materials for the preparation of 7,8‐fused morphine alkaloid derivatives, 8‐[(1E‐2‐phenylethenyl]codeinone dimethyl ketal (4) and 8‐[(1E‐2‐phenylethenyl]codeine (5) were prepared. These dienes were used as substrates in the Diels–Alder reactions. Compound 5 formed the ‘normal’ adduct 12 with N‐phenylmaleimide, while compound 4 behaved in reactions with dienophiles as the ‘masked’ diene 11, a 8‐[(1E)‐2‐phenylethenyl]‐substituted thebaine, yielding the corresponding 19‐substituted 6,14‐endo‐etheno‐6,7,8,14‐tetrahydrothebaines. Specifically, reaction of 4 with methyl vinyl ketone gave rise to 19‐[(1E)‐phenylethenyl]thevinone (14) whose structure was elucidated by an X‐ray diffraction analysis. The thebaine derivative 11 was also prepared from 4.
Sesquiterpenoids and Lignans from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala
Authors: Li Ya , Shi Yan‐Ping
Published: May 2006

From the BuOH extract of the whole plant of Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala, a series of sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene glycosides, and lignan glycosides were isolated, including the three new compounds (1α)‐1‐hydroxy‐8‐oxo‐eremophila‐6,9‐dien‐12‐oic acid (1), 8‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]eremophila‐1(10),8,11‐trien‐2‐one (2), and 4‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]pinoresinol (4). Their structures were elucidated by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as HR‐ESI‐MS analyses, and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported for structurally related compounds.
Study on the Chemical Constituents of Daphniphyllum angustifolium
Authors: Bai Haiyun , Hu Lihong
Published: May 2006

Seven new iridoid glucosides, 1–7, two new phenyl glucosides, 8 and 9, along with eight known compounds were isolated from the bark of Daphniphyllum angustifolium. Their structures were established by ESI‐MS and by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods.
Surface‐Roughness Evolution During the Cementation of Silver Ions on Solid Copper in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solution
Authors: Sulka Grzegorz D. , Jaskuła Marian
Published: May 2006

The evolution of the surface roughness during cementation of Ag+ conducted either in O2‐free or O2‐saturated aqueous H2SO4/CuSO4 was investigated at two different initial concentrations of Ag+. The kinetics data of the process determined previously in the rotating cylinder were linked directly with scanning‐electron‐microscope (SEM) images and surface‐height‐distribution diagrams calculated for various cementation times. It was found that, at the beginning of the process, the surface roughness decreases due to formation of a flat Ag layer on the top of the surface, independent of the presence or absence of O2 in the system. With increasing reaction time, an increase in the surface roughness was observed. The rate enhancement of the process is mainly responsible for the increase of the surface roughness in the O2‐saturated solutions, especially at the higher initial Ag+ concentration (100 mg/dm3). The rate enhancement observed at a latter stage of the process, connected with the increase of the effective surface area of the cathodic sites, was separated from the rate enhancement induced by the competitive chemical process occurring in O2‐free solution. The difference in the mechanisms of the processes conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was reflected in the surface‐heigth distributions calculated from the SEM images.
Terpenoids from the Roots of Ligularia muliensis
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Hong , Liu Chun‐Mei , Chen Yan‐Jun , Gao Kun
Published: May 2006

Three new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenes, (6β,8α)‐6‐(acetyloxy)‐8‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8‐olide (1), (6α,8α)‐6‐hydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8‐olide (2), and (6α,8α)‐6‐(acetyloxy)eremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8‐olide (3) ((8α)‐eremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8‐olide = (4aR,5S,8aR,9aS)‐4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a‐octahydro‐3,4a,5‐trimethylnaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐2(4H)‐one), besides the recently elucidated eremoligularin (4) and bieremoligularolide (5), as well as a new highly oxygenated monoterpene, rel‐(1R,2R,3R,4S,5S)‐p‐menthane‐1,2,3,5‐tetrol (12), together with six known constituents, i.e., the sesquiterpenes 6 and 7, the norsesquiterpenes 8–10, and the monoterpene 13, were isolated from the roots of Ligularia muliensis. In addition, an attempt to dimerize 1 to a bieremophilenolide (Scheme) resulted in the generation of the new derivative (6β,8β)‐6‐(acetyloxy)‐8‐chloroeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8‐olide (11). The new structures were established by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis (IR, FAB‐, EI‐, or HR‐ESI‐MS as well as 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments). Compounds 4 and 5 were evaluated for their antitumor effects in vitro (Table 3).
One‐Step Synthesis of Dialkyl 2‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3,4‐dicarboxylates by Reaction of Acetylenedicarboxylates with ‘Tosylmethyl Isocyanide’ (TsMIC) and Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Masrouri Hassan , Rostamnia Sadegh , Movahedi Farnaz
Published: May 2006

The reactive 1 : 1 adducts in the reaction between Ph3P and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates have been trapped with ‘tosylmethyl isocyanide’ (TsMIC; 1) to yield dialkyl 2‐[(4‐methylphenyl)sulfonyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐3,4‐dicarboxylates 3 (Scheme 1). The structures of the highly functionalized compounds 3 were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of cyclization is proposed (Scheme 2).
Convenient Synthesis of 1H‐Indol‐1‐yl Boronates via Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Borylation of Bromo‐1H‐indoles with ‘Pinacolborane’
Authors: Stadlwieser Josef F. , Dambaur Markus E.
Published: May 2006

An atom‐economic Pd0‐catalyzed synthesis of a series of pinacol‐type indolylboronates 3 from the corresponding bromoindole substrates 2 and pinacolborane (pinBH) as borylating agent was elaborated. The optimal catalyst system consisted of a 1 : 2 mixture of [Pd(OAc)2] and the ortho‐substituted biphenylphosphine ligand L‐3 (Scheme 4, Table). Our synthetic protocol was applied to the fast, preparative‐scale synthesis of 1‐substituted indolylboronates 3a–h in the presence of different functional groups, and at a catalyst load of only 1 mol‐% of Pd.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues of Cytidine
Authors: González‐Moa María José , Besada Pedro , Terán Carmen , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio , Viña Dolores
Published: May 2006

The synthesis of new 1,2‐disubstituted, five‐ or six‐ring‐carbocyclic nucleoside analogues of cytidine, compounds 1 and 2a–d, are described. These compounds were obtained by aminolysis, starting from the corresponding uracil derivative, via nucleophilic displacement of a triazolyl (Scheme 1) or a (2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)sulfonyl (TPS) group (Scheme 2) at 4‐position of the pyrimidine ring.
Functionalized Imides by Regioselective Ozonation
Authors: Poschenrieder Hermann , Stachel Hans‐Dietrich , Eckl Eduard , Jax Sabine , Polborn Kurt , Mayer Peter
Published: May 2006

Ozonations of alkoxy‐ and (acyloxy)‐substituted alkylidene‐lactams 1 and 5 or of the alkylidene‐sultams 9 and 10 proceeded by regioselective cleavage of the exocyclic CC bonds (Schemes 1 and 2). These bonds are part of an enamide system and, therefore, possess considerable polarity as shown by 13C‐NMR spectra. As a result, the partly known maleimides 3 and 6 or the ‘sulfonimides’ 11 were obtained. Compounds 3 and 11 reacted with diazomethane to give the highly reactive bicyclic derivatives 8 and 12, respectively. The cinnamylidene‐lactames 16a,b were converted by selective ozonolysis mainly into the formylmethylene lactames 17a,b (Scheme 3). The amino‐substituted aldehyde 20 bears a structural relationship to the lactone antibiotic basidalin 21a. The tendency of some donor‐substituted maleimides to undergo [2 + 2] cycloadditions was assessed (Scheme 4). The configuration of the photodimers 22a,b and 24a,b was established by X‐ray crystallography.
Two New Pigments from the Fruiting Bodies of the Basidiomycete Lactarius deliciosus
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Long , Luo Du‐Qiang , Dong Ze‐Jun , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: May 2006

Two new, red‐colored azulene pigments, 7‐(1,2‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐4‐methylazulene‐1‐carbaldehyde (1) and 7‐acetyl‐4‐methylazulene‐1‐carbaldehyde (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Lactarius deliciosus, together with a related, known compound (3). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence including 2D‐NMR experiments.
Studies on the Flash Vacuum Thermolysis of Thiones of Selected N‐, O‐, and S‐Heterocycles
Authors: Drewnowski Tomasz , Leśniak Stanisław , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Siedlecka Renata , Skarżewski Jacek
Published: May 2006

Thermal decomposition of thiones of selected N‐, O‐ and S‐heterocycles under flash vacuum thermolysis conditions was investigated. In the case of six‐membered 4H‐3,1‐benzoxathiin‐4‐thione 6, the course of the reaction depended on the substitution pattern at C(2) (Scheme 3). Thus, the 2‐unsubstituted derivative 6a led to the unstable product 2, which upon treatment with MeOH was converted quantitatively into methyl 2‐mercaptobenzoate (7). The analogous thermolysis of the 2,2‐dimethyl derivative 6b yielded 2‐methyl‐4H‐1‐benzothiopyran‐4‐thione (8) as a sole product. In the case of thiophthalide derivatives 15, a thermal rearrangement in the gas phase leading to the corresponding benzo[c]thiophen‐1(3H)‐ones 16 in high yields was observed (Scheme 6). Unexpectedly, thionation of 1,3‐oxathiolan‐5‐one 17 with Lawesson's reagent under standard conditions led to 1,2‐dithietane derivative 19, which, after the gas‐phase thermolysis, underwent a ring enlargement to yield 3H‐1,2‐dithiole 20 (Scheme 7). The six‐membered 4H‐1,3‐benzothiazine‐4‐thione 21 was shown to give three products: phenanthro[9,10‐c]‐1,2‐dithiete (22), 3H‐1,3‐benzodithiole‐3‐thione (23), and N‐(3H‐1,2‐benzodithiol‐3‐ylidene)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amine (24) (Scheme 8). The latter is the product of the initial reaction, whereas 22 and 23 are postulated to be formed as secondary products of the conversion of the intermediate 6‐(thioxomethylene)cyclohexa‐2,4‐diene‐1‐thione (26) (Schemes 9 and 10).
Intravascular lymphoma: a neoplasm of ‘homeless’ lymphocytes?
Authors: Ponzoni Maurilio , Ferreri Andrés J. M.
Published: May 2006

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is an extremely rare form of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by almost exclusive growth of neoplastic lymphocytes within blood vessel lumen. IVL is morphologically characterized in most instances by large cells with B‐cell lineage. IVL is an aggressive and usually disseminated disease that predominantly affects elderly patients, resulting in poor PS, B‐symptoms, anemia, and high lactate dehydrogenase serum level. The brain and skin are the most commonly involved sites; nodal disease is rare. Survival after conventional chemotherapy is disappointing, with a relevant impact of diagnostic delay and lethal complications.

Notwithstanding these results, IVL limited to the skin (cutaneous variant) is a favorable presentation with distinctive clinical characteristics. Moreover, differences in clinical presentation with Eastern Countries IVL cases, mostly associated with hemophagocytic syndrome, do exist. Intensive combinations containing drugs with higher central nervous system bioavailability are needed in cases with brain involvement; the role of high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation should be investigated in younger patients with unfavorable features. The present review will discuss the most recent acquisitions related either to diagnosis and immunophenotypic/biologic characteristics as well as clinical/therapeutic issues of IVL. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the SHETRAN basin‐scale, landslide sediment yield model to the Llobregat basin, Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Bathurst James C. , Burton Aidan , Clarke Barry G. , Gallart Francesc
Published: May 2006

The first application of the SHETRAN basin‐scale, landslide erosion and sediment yield model is carried out for a major landsliding event in the upper 505 km2of the Llobregat basin, in the eastern Spanish Pyrenees, in November 1982. The model simulates the spatial distribution of shallow landslides and their sediment yield. Acknowledging uncertainty in the model parameter evaluation, the aim of the application was not to reproduce the observed occurrence of landslides as accurately as possible with one simulation, but to bracket the observed pattern with several simulations representing uncertainty in the key input conditions. Bounds on the landslide simulations were thus determined as a function of uncertainty in the vegetation root cohesion (used in the model factor of safety calculations). The resulting upper bound considerably overestimates the observed pattern (17 000 landslides compared with an observation of around 700), but it reproduces several of the principal clusters in the observed pattern. The lower bound contains around 500 landslides. The sediment yield estimates (2670–14 630 t km−2) are comparable to measurements elsewhere in the Pyrenees for extreme events. The results demonstrate an ability to simulate the basin‐scale landslide response to a rainfall event and the resulting sediment yield. They also highlight the need for further research in setting the uncertainty bounds and in avoiding large overestimates of landslide occurrence arising in part from a current inability to model small‐scale controls for a basin of the given size. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of groundwater–surface water interactions on the water balance of a mesoscale lowland river catchment in northeastern Germany
Authors: Krause Stefan , Bronstert Axel
Published: May 2006

The glacially formed northeastern German lowlands are characterized by extensive floodplains, often interrupted by relatively steep moraine hills. The hydrological cycle of this area is governed by the tight interaction of surface water dynamics and the corresponding directly connected shallow groundwater aquifer. Runoff generation processes, as well as the extent and spatial distribution of the interaction between surface water and groundwater, are controlled by floodplain topography and by surface water dynamics.

A modelling approach based on extensive experimental analyses is presented that describes the specific water balance of lowland areas, including the interactions of groundwater and surface water, as well as reflecting the important role of time‐variable shallow groundwater stages for runoff generation in floodplains. In the first part, experimental investigations of floodplain hydrological characteristics lead to a qualitative understanding of the water balance processes and to the development of a conceptual model of the water balance and groundwater dynamics of the study area. Thereby model requirements which allow for an adequate simulation of the floodplain hydrology, considering also interactions between groundwater and surface water have been characterized. Based on these analyses, the Integrated Modelling of Water Balance and Nutrient Dynamics (IWAN) approach has been developed. This consists of coupling the surface runoff generation and soil water routines of the deterministic, spatially distributed hydrological model WASIM‐ETH‐I with the three‐dimensional finite‐difference‐based numerical groundwater model MODFLOW and Processing MODFLOW. The model was applied successfully to a mesoscale subcatchment of the Havel River in northeast Germany. It was calibrated for two small catchments (1·4 and 25 km2), where the importance of the interaction processes between groundwater and surface waters and the sensitivity of several controlling parameters could be quantified. Validation results are satisfying for different years for the entire 198 km2 catchment. The model approach was further successfully tested for specific events. The experimental area is a typical example of a floodplain‐dominated landscape. It was demonstrated that the lateral flow processes and the interactions between groundwater and surface water have a major importance for the water balance and periodically superimposed on the vertical runoff generation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.