bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double-diffusive peristaltic MHD Sisko nanofluid flow through a porous medium in presence of non-linear thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and Joule heating
Authors: Abo-Dahab Sayed M. , Mohamed Ramadan A. , Abd-Alla Abdelmoaty M. , Soliman Mahmoud S.
Published: January 2023

This article studied a numerical estimation of the double-diffusive peristaltic flow of a non-Newtonian Sisko nanofluid through a porous medium inside a horizontal symmetric flexible channel under the impact of Joule heating, nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat generation/absorption in presence of heat and mass convection, considering effects of the Brownian motion and the thermophoresis coefficients. On the other hand, the long wave approximation was used to transform the nonlinear system of partial differential equations into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations which were later solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique using MATLAB package program code. The effects of all physical parameters resulting from this study on the distributions of velocity, temperature, solutal concentration, and nanoparticles volume fraction inside the fluid were studied in addition to a study of the pressure gradients using the 2D and 3D graphs that were made for studying the impact of some parameters on the behavior of the streamlines graphically within the channel with a mention of their physical meaning. Finally, some of the results of this study showed that the effect of Darcy number $$Da$$

Da

and the magnetic field parameter $$M$$
M
is opposite to the effect of the rotation parameter $$\Omega$$
Ω
on the velocity distribution whereas, the two parameters nonlinear thermal radiation $$R$$
R
and the ratio temperature $${\theta }_{w}$$

θ
w

works on a decrease in the temperature distribution and an increase in both the solutal concentration distribution, and the nanoparticle's volume fraction. Finally, the impact of the rotation parameter $$\Omega$$
Ω
on the distribution of pressure gradients was positive, but the effect of both Darcy number $$Da$$

Da

and the magnetic field parameter $$M$$
M
on the same distribution was negative. The results obtained have been compared with the previous results obtained that agreement if the new parameters were neglected and indicate the phenomenon's importance in diverse fields.
Genomic and epigenomic variation in Psidium species and their outcome under the yield and composition of essential oils
Authors: Silva Matheus Alves , Soares Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo , Mendes Luiza Alves , Alves Luziane Brandão , Ferreira Adésio , da Silva Ferreira Marcia Flores
Published: January 2023

Diploid and polyploid species derived from the euploid series x = 11 occur in the genus Psidium, as well as intraspecific cytotypes. Euploidy in the genus can alter the gene copy number, resulting in several “omics” variations. We revisited the euploidy, reported genomic (nuclear 2C value, GC%, and copy number of secondary metabolism genes) and epigenomic (5-mC%) differences in Psidium, and related them to essential oil yield and composition. Mean 2C values ranged from 0.90 pg (P. guajava) to 7.40 pg (P. gaudichaudianum). 2C value is intraspecifically varied in P. cattleyanum and P. gaudichaudianum, evidencing cytotypes that can be formed from euploid (non-reduced) and/or aneuploid reproductive cells. GC% ranged from 34.33% (P. guineense) to 48.95% (P. myrtoides), and intraspecific variations occurred even for species without 2C value intraspecific variation. Essential oil yield increased in relation to 2C value and to GC%. We showed that P. guajava (diploid) possesses two and P. guineense (tetraploid) four copies of the one specific TPS gene, as well as eight and sixteen copies respectively of the conserved regions that occur in eight TPS genes. We provide a wide “omics'' characterization of Psidium and show the outcome of the genome and epigenome variation in secondary metabolism.
Strain accumulation and release associated with the occurrence of SSEs in the subduction zones of the Japanese Islands
Authors: Kawabata Hiroki , Yoshioka Shoichi
Published: January 2023

We investigated the spatiotemporal changes in strain associated with the occurrence of slow slip events (SSEs) in the subduction zones of the Japanese Islands and compared the spatial distribution of both the amount of strain accumulated for the period before and during the SSEs release using time series data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this study, four SSEs were analysed: the Tokai long-term SSE (2000–2005), the Boso-Oki short-term SSE (2007), and the Bungo Channel long-term SSEs (2009–2011 and 2018–2019). As a result, we found strong negative correlations for all four dilatations before and during SSE occurrence. For these dilatations, we estimated the amount of strain released at the time of occurrence of the SSE relative to that accumulated during the period prior to the SSE. The result indicates that not all the accumulated strain before the SSEs was released when the SSEs occurred. Moreover, it is highly likely that the strain released by SSE is not only due to the strain accumulation just below the SSE occurrence region, but also due to the strain accumulation on the shallower plate boundary, which is a seismogenic zone for a future megathrust earthquake.
Activation of L-lactate oxidase by the formation of enzyme assemblies through liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Ura Tomoto , Kagawa Ako , Sakakibara Nanako , Yagi Hiromasa , Tochio Naoya , Kigawa Takanori , Shiraki Kentaro , Mikawa Tsutomu
Published: January 2023

The assembly state of enzymes is gaining interest as a mechanism for regulating the function of enzymes in living cells. One of the current topics in enzymology is the relationship between enzyme activity and the assembly state due to liquid–liquid phase separation. In this study, we demonstrated enzyme activation via the formation of enzyme assemblies using L-lactate oxidase (LOX). LOX formed hundreds of nanometer-scale assemblies with poly-L-lysine (PLL). In the presence of ammonium sulfate, the LOX-PLL clusters formed micrometer-scale liquid droplets. The enzyme activities of LOX in clusters and droplets were one order of magnitude higher than those in the dispersed state, owing to a decrease inKMand an increase inkcat. Moreover, the clusters exhibited a higher activation effect than the droplets. In addition, the conformation of LOX changed in the clusters, resulting in increased enzyme activation. Understanding enzyme activation and assembly states provides important information regarding enzyme function in living cells, in addition to biotechnology applications.
Household energy-saving behavior, its consumption, and life satisfaction in 37 countries
Authors: Piao Xiangdan , Managi Shunsuke
Published: January 2023

Since energy consumption became an important contributor to climate change owing to carbon emissions, energy-saving behavior and expenditure at the household level have been attracting scholars’ and policymakers’ attention. This study identified whether greenhouse gas emissions at the household level can be reduced through purchase of energy-saving goods and whether the energy-saving behavior enhanced with household income increase. We conducted a large-scale survey across 37 nations using internet-based and face-to-face approaches, collecting 100,956 observations. The wealth effect on energy consumption expenditure at the household level was found to be positive across countries, confirming that energy consumption increases with household wealth improvement. Furthermore, households show a positive association between household energy expenditure and life satisfaction in 27 out of 37 countries, including China, India, the United States, and Germany. Additionally, the favorable effects of household energy-saving behavior are confirmed. However, purchase of household energy-saving products has a limited effect on energy consumption expenditure, compared with that of energy-curtailment behavior. In conclusion, achieving a carbon–neutral household by reducing energy consumption expenditure at the household level is challenging; thus, along with the use of energy-saving goods, alternative energy sources, such as renewable energies, are recommended.
A macro to micro analysis to understand performance in 100-mile ultra-marathons worldwide
Authors: Thuany Mabliny , Weiss Katja , Villiger Elias , Scheer Volker , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Gomes Thayse Natacha , Knechtle Beat
Published: January 2023

The purposes of this study were (i) to describe differences in participation in 100-mile ultra-marathons by continent; (ii) to investigate differences in performance between continents; and (iii) to identify the fastest runners by continent and country. Data from 148,169 athletes (119,408 men), aged 18–81 years, and finishers in a 100-miles ultra-marathon during 1870–2020 were investigated. Information about age, gender, origin, performance level (top three, top 10, top 100) was obtained. Kruskal–Wallis tests and linear regressions were performed. Athletes were mostly from America and Europe. A macro-analysis showed that the fastest men runners were from Africa, while the fastest women runners were from Europe and Africa. Women from Sweden, Hungary and Russia presented the best performances in the top three, top 10 and top 100. Men from Brazil, Russia and Lithuania were the fastest. The lowest performance and participation were observed for runners from Asia. In summary, in 100-miles ultra-marathon running, the majority of athletes were from America, but for both sexes and performance levels, the fastest runners were from Africa. On a country level, the fastest women were from Sweden, Hungary and Russia, while the fastest men were from Brazil, Russia and Lithuania.
Fracture analysis-based mode-I stress intensity factors of crack under fracture grouting in elastic–plastic soils
Authors: Li Long , Deng Yousheng
Published: January 2023

For the interaction of crack on the soil–grout interface under fracture grouting, an approximate method to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) of crack on the soil–grout interface was proposed based on the conservation J2-integral. With this method, the energy release rate of crack propagation under fracture grouting can be defined by the parameters of elastic–plastic soils and the grouting pressure. In order to study the change of strain energy near the crack of elastic–plastic soil under fracture grouting, a mechanical model of elastic–plastic soil with crack was established based on non-associated Mohr–Coulomb criterion model, and the SIF of crack with spring boundary was investigated. The influence of the crack depth ratio and crack aspect ratio on the SIF of cracks under the spring boundary were analyzed, and revealed the rule of crack growth under fracture grouting in elastic–plastic soils. The results showed that the variation of the crack depth ratio and crack aspect ratio had an effect on the change of the SIF of cracks. Increasing the crack depth ratio and crack aspect ratio caused an increase in the SIF of the crack. The results can provide the reference for foundation reinforcement in elastic–plastic soils.
An electrochemical sensing platform based on carbon black and chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Silva Tiago Almeida , Lourencao Bruna Claudia , Dias da Silva Alexsandra , Fatibello-Filho Orlando
Published: January 2023

The chitosan biopolymer is a platinum nanoparticle stabilizing agent and an excellent former of carbon black-based films on glassy carbon.
Study on drug substance degradation under headspace GC conditions of residual solvent analysis
Authors: Zhao Hua , Phillipson Doug , Li Jiangwei , Wu Frank
Published: January 2023

The mechanism and kinetics of the isobutyraldehyde formation had been studied when the drug substance that contains an amino acid group is under the headspace oven temperature during residual solvent testing.
Visible-light induced metal-free intramolecular reductive cyclisations of ketones with alkynes and allenes
Authors: Tang Nana , Zachmann Raphael J. , Xie Hui , Zheng Jun , Breit Bernhard
Published: January 2023

Enabled by organophotocatalysed reductive ketyl radical hydroalkoxylation of alkynes and allenes, a variety of five-membered (hetero-)cyclic products were generated in good yields with good to excellent stereoselectivities.
Optimization of the quality control parameters in sapphire single crystal preparation using the Kyropoulos method
Authors: Xu Jia , Qiao Tiezhu , Dong Huijie , Zhang Haifeng , Yan Gaowei
Published: January 2023

Optimizing the sapphire preparation seeding process parameters can cut the seeding time, reduce the formation of seeding defects, and improve the seeding efficiency.
Mechanisms and energetics for hydrogen abstraction of thymine photosensitized by benzophenone from theoretical principles
Authors: Su Yingli , Song Guanlin , Shen Yan , Li Xiangyuan , Ren Haisheng
Published: January 2023

The significant role of hydrogen abstraction in chemistry and biology has attracted many theoretical works to link its practical phenomena and mechanistic properties.
Bimetallic Fe–Co catalysts for the one step selective hydrogenation of CO2to liquid hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Wei , Toshcheva Ekaterina , Ramirez Adrian , Shterk Genrikh , Ahmad Rafia , Caglayan Mustafa , Cerrillo Jose Luis , Dokania Abhay , Clancy Gerard , Shoinkhorova Tuiana B. , Hijazi Nibras , Cavallo Luigi , Gascon Jorge
Published: January 2023

K-promoted Fe–Co bimetallic catalysts fabricated by a straightforward sol–gel approach exhibited outstanding catalytic performance for one step selective hydrogenation of CO2into high value-added liquid hydrocarbons with C10–C20linear α-olefins.
Synthesis of temporin L hydroxamate-based peptides and evaluation of their coordination properties with iron(iii )
Authors: Bellavita Rosa , Leone Linda , Maione Angela , Falcigno Lucia , D'Auria Gabriella , Merlino Francesco , Grieco Paolo , Nastri Flavia , Galdiero Emilia , Lombardi Angela , Galdiero Stefania , Falanga Annarita
Published: January 2023

Ferric iron is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth.
Quantitative imaging of fluorine in human teeth by cryogenic laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Zhang Zhenjian , Xu Zhouyi , Qiu Xiongwen , Hang Wei
Published: January 2023

Cryogenic laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry provides a new quantitative imaging technique to reveal F distribution in human teeth.
Characterizing a nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric-pressure plasma ion source for element mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuonen Monique , Niu Guanghui , Hattendorf Bodo , Günther Detlef
Published: January 2023

A nitrogen plasma source has been characterized and optimized for the analysis of aqueous solutions with quadrupole mass spectrometry. Modifications of the vacuum interface revealed that plasma expansion is similar to that in a conventional Ar-ICP.
Design and synthesis of naturally-inspired SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
Authors: Hassan Haitham , Chiavaralli Jeanne , Hassan Afnan , Bedda Loay , Krischuns Tim , Chen Kuang-Yu , Li Alice Shi Ming , Delpal Adrien , Decroly Etienne , Vedadi Masoud , Naffakh Nadia , Agou Fabrice , Mallart Sergio , Arafa Reem K. , Arimondo Paola B.
Published: January 2023

A naturally inspired chemical library of 25 molecules was synthesised guided by 3-D dimensionality and natural product likeness proved to have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
Design, synthesis andin vitrocytotoxicity evaluation of indolo–pyrazoles grafted with thiazolidinone as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Soni Jay Prakash , Chilvery Shrilekha , Sharma Anamika , Reddy G. Nikitha , Godugu Chandraiah , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: January 2023

The present work demonstrates the design and synthesis of new indolo–pyrazole derivatives, their cytotoxic evaluation, tubulin polymerization inhibition, and molecular modeling studies.
Microfluidic fabrication of photo-responsive Ansamitocin P-3 loaded liposomes for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Jin Yi , Tomeh Mhd Anas , Zhang Peng , Su Mingzhu , Zhao Xiubo , Cai Zhiqiang
Published: January 2023

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) is a promising anticancer agent.
Photo-responsive lignin fragment-based polymers as switchable adhesives
Authors: Sinha Roy Pallabi , Mention Matthieu M. , Patti Antonio F. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent , Saito Kei
Published: January 2023

A photo-reversible and reusable polymer adhesive was designed and synthesized from bio-resources. Six unique monomers were evaluated via structure–property analysis, and the best polymer adhesive performance was optimized using statistical methods.
Novel albumin-binding photodynamic agent EB-Ppa for targeted fluorescent imaging guided tumour photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Huan , Yu Cheng , Lyu Min , Lyu Shiyi , Hu LiNan , Xiao Enhua , Xu Pengfei
Published: January 2023

The EB-Ppa has formed a suitable steric complementarity with albumin, exhibiting a highly efficient multifunctional albumin-binding photodynamic agent with great potential for image-guided PDT.
Contemporary progress in the green synthesis of spiro-thiazolidines and their medicinal significance: a review
Authors: Dhadda Surbhi , Sharma Shaily , Jakhar Prakash , Sharma Himanshu
Published: January 2023

The development of new strategies for the production of nitrogen and sulfur-containing heterocycles remains an extremely alluring but challenging proposition. Current progress in the various synthetic methods and biological activities are discussed.
Computational analysis of radiative engine oil-based Prandtl–Eyring hybrid nanofluid flow with variable heat transfer using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Shah Zahir , Rooman Muhammad , Shutaywi Meshal
Published: January 2023

In the present analysis, we study the energy transference through engine oil-based Prandtl–Eyring nanofluid flow through a heated stretching surface.
Microstructure-driven annihilation effects and dispersive excited state dynamics in solid-state films of a model sensitizer for photon energy up-conversion applications
Authors: Goudarzi Hossein , Koutsokeras Loukas , Balawi Ahmed H. , Sun Chen , Manolis Giorgos K. , Gasparini Nicola , Peisen Yuan , Antoniou Giannis , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Tselios Charalampos C. , Falaras Polycarpos , Varotsis Constantinos , Laquai Frédéric , Cabanillas-González Juan , Keivanidis Panagiotis E.
Published: January 2023

Dispersive diffusion and annihilation of excitations in the amorphous aggregate phase of a square-planar PtOEP sensitizer in the solid state result in the activation of delayed PtOEP fluorescence through an up-converted PtII-centered state.
Establishing carbon–carbon double bond position and configuration in unsaturated fatty acids by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kirschbaum Carla , Young Reuben S. E. , Greis Kim , Menzel Jan Philipp , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Causon Tim , Narreddula Venkateswara R. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Pagel Kevin
Published: January 2023

3-Pyridylcarbinol ester derivatization introduces a universal probe for cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of fatty acids that enables assignment of the position and configuration of carbon–carbon double bonds even in the presence of isomers.
Prolonged lifespan of initial-anode-free lithium-metal battery by pre-lithiation in Li-rich Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4spinel cathode
Authors: Chen Leiyu , Chiang Chao-Lung , Wu Xiaohong , Tang Yonglin , Zeng Guifan , Zhou Shiyuan , Zhang Baodan , Zhang Haitang , Yan Yawen , Liu Tingting , Liao Hong-Gang , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Lin Yan-Gu , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: January 2023

Benefiting from highly reversible structure evolution of pre-lithiated Li-rich Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4cathode, the corresponding anode-free pouch cell delivers a considerable energy density of 350 W h kg−1and 97% capacity retention after 50 cycles.
Highly proton conductive and stable sulfonated poly(arylene-alkane) for fuel cells with performance over 2.46 W cm−2
Authors: Li Wenhao , Zhang Run , Zhao Xiaoyu , Yue Zhouying , Qian Huidong , Yang Hui
Published: January 2023

Due to the ideal microphase separation and ether-free structure, the sulfonated poly(arylene-alkane) shows outstanding comprehensive performance in PEMFCs compared with other polyaromatic PEMs, proving the great development prospect in the energy field.
Optimizing impedance matching and interfacial characteristics of aromatic polyimide/graphene by molecular layer deposition for heat-conducting microwave absorption
Authors: Mou Pengpeng , Wan Gengping , Wu Lihong , Liu Disheng , Wang Guizhen
Published: January 2023

The aromatic polyimide/graphene prepared by molecular layer deposition exhibited remarkable microwave-absorption performance and good thermal-management capability with low filling contents.
Lead-free halide Cs2MnCl4:Cu+ as a new phosphor for efficient green light emission
Authors: Hou Jingshan , Wu Jianghua , Qin Zhiyu , Fang Yongzheng , Shen Leijun , Qiao Xin , Dong Langping , Zhang Ganghua , Liu Yufeng , Zhao Guoying , Chen Haijie
Published: January 2023

A new green light-emitting phosphor with a PLQY of 70% was prepared by doping Cu+ into Cs2MnCl4. The WLED packaged by mixing commercial red and blue phosphors with Cs2MnCl4:0.1Cu+, exhibits a high CRI (Ra = 93) and low CCT (4080 K).
Interface engineering using a neutral carbolong complex for efficient and stable p–i–n perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Li Jinhua , Liu Heng , Lu Zhengyu , Xia Haiping , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: January 2023

A neutral carbolong complex boosts the efficiency of p–i–n perovskite solar cells to 22.7%, and greatly enhances device thermal stability.
Ag3PO4/UiO-66-NH2@PET for light-responsive desorption toward sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Wang Chao-Yang , Chu Hong-Yu , Wang Chong-Chen , Wang Peng
Published: January 2023

Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics were used as supports to fabricate Ag3PO4/UiO-66-NH2@PET (PAU-X) for adsorption and light-responsive desorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX).
The biological functions of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in plants: RNA quality control and beyond
Authors: Raxwal Vivek K. , Riha Karel
Published: January 2023

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an evolutionarily conserved quality control pathway that inhibits the expression of transcripts containing premature termination codon. Transcriptome and phenotypic studies across a range of organisms indicate roles of NMD beyond RNA quality control and imply its involvement in regulating gene expression in a wide range of physiological processes. Studies in moss Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that NMD is also important in plants where it contributes to the regulation of pathogen defence, hormonal signalling, circadian clock, reproduction and gene evolution. Here, we provide up to date overview of the biological functions of NMD in plants. In addition, we discuss several biological processes where NMD factors implement their function through NMD-independent mechanisms.
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton regulation in cell migration using cryo-EM
Authors: Fäßler Florian , Javoor Manjunath G. , Schur Florian KM
Published: January 2023

The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in cell migration and cellular morphodynamics in most eukaryotes. The ability of the actin cytoskeleton to assemble and disassemble in a spatiotemporally controlled manner allows it to form higher-order structures, which can generate forces required for a cell to explore and navigate through its environment. It is regulated not only via a complex synergistic and competitive interplay between actin-binding proteins (ABP), but also by filament biochemistry and filament geometry. The lack of structural insights into how geometry and ABPs regulate the actin cytoskeleton limits our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that define actin cytoskeleton remodeling and, in turn, impact emerging cell migration characteristics. With the advent of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and advanced computational methods, it is now possible to define these molecular mechanisms involving actin and its interactors at both atomic and ultra-structural levels in vitro and in cellulo. In this review, we will provide an overview of the available cryo-EM methods, applicable to further our understanding of the actin cytoskeleton, specifically in the context of cell migration. We will discuss how these methods have been employed to elucidate ABP- and geometry-defined regulatory mechanisms in initiating, maintaining, and disassembling cellular actin networks in migratory protrusions.
Inflammatory cell death: how macrophages sense neighbouring cell infection and damage
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Labzin Larisa I.
Published: January 2023

Programmed cell death is a critical host defence strategy during viral infection. Neighbouring cells deal with this death in distinct ways depending on how the infected cell dies. While apoptosis is considered immunologically silent, the lytic pathways of necroptosis and pyroptosis trigger inflammatory responses by releasing inflammatory host molecules. All these pathways have been implicated in influenza A virus infection. Here, we review how cells sense neighbouring infection and death and how sensing shapes ensuing inflammatory responses.
A deep convolutional neural network for diabetic retinopathy detection via mining local and long‐range dependence
Authors: Luo Xiaoling , Wang Wei , Xu Yong , Lai Zhihui , Jin Xiaopeng , Zhang Bob , Zhang David
Published: January 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main cause of irreversible blindness, is one of the most common complications of diabetes. At present, deep convolutional neural networks have achieved promising performance in automatic DR detection tasks. The convolution operation of methods is a local cross‐correlation operation, whose receptive field determines the size of the local neighbourhood for processing. However, for retinal fundus photographs, there is not only the local information but also long‐distance dependence between the lesion features (e.g. hemorrhages and exudates) scattered throughout the whole image. The proposed method incorporates correlations between long‐range patches into the deep learning framework to improve DR detection. Patch‐wise relationships are used to enhance the local patch features since lesions of DR usually appear as plaques. The Long‐Range unit in the proposed network with a residual structure can be flexibly embedded into other trained networks. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve higher accuracy than existing state‐of‐the‐art models on Messidor and EyePACS datasets.
Feature selection: Key to enhance node classification with graph neural networks
Authors: Maurya Sunil Kumar , Liu Xin , Murata Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2023

Graphs help to define the relationships between entities in the data. These relationships, represented by edges, often provide additional context information which can be utilised to discover patterns in the data. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) employ the inductive bias of the graph structure to learn and predict on various tasks. The primary operation of graph neural networks is the feature aggregation step performed over neighbours of the node based on the structure of the graph. In addition to its own features, for each hop, the node gets additional combined features from its neighbours. These aggregated features help define the similarity or dissimilarity of the nodes with respect to the labels and are useful for tasks like node classification. However, in real‐world data, features of neighbours at different hops may not correlate with the node's features. Thus, any indiscriminate feature aggregation by GNN might cause the addition of noisy features leading to degradation in model's performance. In this work, we show that selective aggregation of node features from various hops leads to better performance than default aggregation on the node classification task. Furthermore, we propose a Dual‐Net GNN architecture with a classifier model and a selector model. The classifier model trains over a subset of input node features to predict node labels while the selector model learns to provide optimal input subset to the classifier for the best performance. These two models are trained jointly to learn the best subset of features that give higher accuracy in node label predictions. With extensive experiments, we show that our proposed model outperforms both feature selection methods and state‐of‐the‐art GNN models with remarkable improvements up to 27.8%.
Deep transformer and few‐shot learning for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Ran Qiong , Zhou Yonghao , Hong Danfeng , Bi Meiqiao , Ni Li , Li Xuan , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Recently, deep learning has achieved considerable results in the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, most available deep networks require ample and authentic samples to better train the models, which is expensive and inefficient in practical tasks. Existing few‐shot learning (FSL) methods generally ignore the potential relationships between non‐local spatial samples that would better represent the underlying features of HSI. To solve the above issues, a novel deep transformer and few‐shot learning (DT‐FSL) classification framework is proposed, attempting to realize fine‐grained classification of HSI with only a few‐shot instances. Specifically, the spatial attention and spectral query modules are introduced to overcome the constraint of the convolution kernel and consider the information between long‐distance location (non‐local) samples to reduce the uncertainty of classes. Next, the network is trained with episodes and task‐based learning strategies to learn a metric space, which can continuously enhance its modelling capability. Furthermore, the developed approach combines the advantages of domain adaptation to reduce the variation in inter‐domain distribution and realize distribution alignment. On three publicly available HSI data, extensive experiments have indicated that the proposed DT‐FSL yields better results concerning state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Power allocation for offset spatial modulation
Authors: Zhang Lechen , Lei Xia , Xiao Yue , Li You
Published: January 2023

Offset spatial modulation (OSM) is an attractive variant in the family of spatial modulation technology, which is capable of reducing the frequency of radio frequency chain switching in practical implementations. This paper elaborates on the benefits of adaptive power allocation (PA) conceived for OSM systems. First, a closed‐form solution of the optimal PA algorithm is derived for the case of two transmit antennas, which maximizes the minimum Euclidean distance (ED) between the received signal points. Moreover, based on the above solutions, a low‐complexity iterative PA algorithm is proposed for larger numbers of transmit antennas, by exploiting the EDs of a few dominant error vectors. Furthermore, for striking a flexible trade‐off between the bit error performance and complexity, an iterative convex approximation based PA algorithm is also developed. Finally, simulation results are presented to show that the proposed PA algorithms provide considerable improvements on the original OSM in terms of the bit error rate.
Semi‐dynamic Markov approximation‐based base station sleep with user association for heterogeneous networks
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Zhang Chenghong
Published: January 2023

Energy efficiency (EE) in the communication industry is the general trend of green communication development, and the base station sleep (BSS) strategy is crucial to improving EE. However, how to maximize the cell's EE and optimize the performance of users in the sleeping area after the BSS is a challenging problem. The sub‐6GHz and millimeter‐wave (mmWave) integrated networks are considered in this paper. The users’ backhaul of the cell is jointly provided by the sub‐6 GHz band and the mmWave band. User reaccess algorithm based on multiple parameters access criterion is adopted when their severed base stations (BSs) are shut down. The authors also consider a resource allocation algorithm based on the semi‐dynamic Markov approximation (MA) algorithm, which is proposed to quickly allocate sub‐channels to reaccessed users and ensure the maximum throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the EE of the heterogeneous network and promptly meet the users’ needs when some BSs are shut down.
A distributed parallel optimization algorithm via alternating direction method of multipliers
Authors: Liu Ziye , Guo Fanghong , Wang Wei , Wu Xiaoqun
Published: January 2023

Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has been widely used for solving the distributed optimisation problems. This paper proposes a novel distributed ADMM algorithm to solve the distributed optimisation problems consisting of convex cost functions under an undirected connected graph. The proposed algorithm adopts the concepts of predecessors and successors in the distributed sequential ADMM algorithm, but changes the sequential updating manner to a parallel one, which allows the agents to update their local states and dual variables in a completely distributed and parallel manner. This brings some benefits when solving large‐scale optimisation problems. Variational inequality is applied to analyse the convergence of agents' states. It is proved that the states of all the agents converge to the optimal point, and the global cost function converge to the optimal value at a rate of . Numerical experiments are given to show the effectiveness and suitability of the proposed algorithm.
Synthesis of a polarisation‐rotating surface with reflective filtering response based on orthogonally inserted coupled slot‐lines
Authors: Wei Tao , Li Bo , Zhu Lei , Cheng Chong‐Hu
Published: January 2023

In this article, a three‐dimensional polarisation‐rotation surface (PRS) with reflective filtering response based on two orthogonally inserted coupled slot‐line is investigated, which can reflect a vertically/horizontally polarised incident wave by 90°. Each unit cell of the PRS is composed of a pair of meandered slot‐line sections with open‐short‐ends etched on the vertically and horizontally inserted single‐layer printed circuit boards. Under the incidence of a linearly polarised plane wave along the vertical/horizontal direction, the plane wave is converted into the guided wave by the open‐circuited end of the slot‐line section, and then the guided wave is obstructed by the short end of the slot‐line section and coupled to the other slot‐line section, thus leading to 90° polarisation rotation. To simplify the design procedure, a matrix coupling theory is applied to synthesise and design the proposed PRS. A sample with fractional bandwidth of 20% at the centre frequency of 5 GHz and return loss of 20 dB is designed, fabricated, and measured for verification. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The results confirm that the proposed PRS has low insertion loss, high polarisation conversion ratio, and stable filtering performance for oblique incident angle up to 60°.
A novel high‐efficient step‐up converter with continuous input current, common ground, and minimum stress on semiconductors
Authors: Asgarnia Reza , Afjei Ebrahim
Published: January 2023

This study proposes a comprehensive analysis of a novel non‐isolated step‐up converter with continuous input current and common ground. The proposed topology provides high voltage gain besides insignificant voltage and current stress across switches and diodes. Consequently, using switches and diodes with low current and voltage withstanding is achievable, leading to high converter efficiency and cost reduction. The voltage and current stress besides steady‐state and efficiency analysis are surveyed. Moreover, the converter's non‐ideal voltage gain analysis employing different components is discussed and compared with recently suggested converters. Additionally, the component losses, efficiency, normalized voltage, and current stresses of the studied converters are collected in tables to simplify the comparison between different topologies. Finally, a 100 W prototype converter is implemented to confirm theoretical performance, and the results are investigated in detail.
A new array extension configuration method based on nesting and minimum redundancy
Authors: Ma He , Mao Xingpeng , Wang Xiuhong , Gao Yang
Published: January 2023

While the uniform linear array (ULA) is a well‐known array configuration being widely used in various practical application scenarios, it also encounters numerous challenges in the field of direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation. Specifically, it is difficult for the ULA to achieve a satisfactory DOA estimation accuracy, especially in the case of closely spaced sources. That is because that the resolvability of ULA is severely restricted by its limited DOA. To circumvent this issue and further improve the DOA estimation performance, a new array geometry is designed. Inspired by the fact that some linear sparse co‐arrays can yield higher DOFs and larger array apertures, the proposed array configuration is developed by nesting two or more minimum‐redundant arrays in a dedicated way. The simulation results indicate that the proposed array configuration can significantly increase the DOFs and the length of virtual array apertures, and an improved estimation accuracy can be accepted.
Corneal Manifestation in Patients with Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Kruse Franziska , Keidel Leonie Franziska , Priglinger Siegfried , Luft Nikolaus , Priglinger Claudia
Published: January 2023

Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CTNS gene. This causes dysfunction of cystinosin, a protein that transports cystine out of
lysosomes, causing cystine crystals to accumulate in cells in most organ systems. While renal complications predominate in the early forms of cystinosis, corneal crystal accumulation will
inevitably manifest in all patients. The main symptoms are photophobia along with glare sensitivity and blepharospasm. In addition, corneal crystal accumulation can cause other
complications, such as recurrent corneal erosions, punctate or filamentary keratopathy, and chronic dry eye. Eventually, peripheral corneal neovascularization and limbal stem cell deficiency
may develop. Ophthalmologists play a key role in the early diagnosis of patients with cystinosis. This review aims to not only raise awareness of secondary complications of corneal crystal
accumulation, but also to highlight current treatment options and challenges that ophthalmologists and pediatricians might face.
Heat transfer of copper mesh–powder composite-based sintered-wick vapor chamber
Authors: Zhao Zhengang , Li Lei , Wang Yuyuan , Wang Yaxin , Hui Yueyao
Published: January 2023

With the rapid spread of high-power density equipment, the vapor chamber must adapt to more applicable environments and exhibit a better heat transfer performance. The copper mesh and powder are sintered in this work to make a composite wick vapor chamber (CW-VC). Six sections of copper wire are cut and sintered together with the wick as the inner support column of the CW-VC. The effects of filling ratio and inclination on the heat transfer performance of the vapor chamber are investigated. The experimental results showed that the maximum thermal power of the CW-VC is 23.29 W at the optimal liquid filling ratio of 80% and the lowest thermal resistance is 0.33 °C/W. Below the liquid filling ratio of 60%, when the inclination angle of the CW-VC increases, its thermal resistance increases. At filling ratios of 70%, 80%, and 90%, the inclination angle of 30° can reduce the thermal resistance of the CW-VC. It implies that the inclination angle of the CW-VC can be increased appropriately to reduce the thermal resistance when the filling ratio is high. However, when the liquid filling ratio is low, increasing the inclination angle of the CW-VC will make the liquid film of the evaporator thinner and dry out earlier and its thermal resistance will increase.
Reservoir computing based on electric-double-layer coupled InGaZnO artificial synapse
Authors: Yang Yang , Cui Hangyuan , Ke Shuo , Pei Mengjiao , Shi Kailu , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing
Published: January 2023

Physical reservoir computing (PRC) is thought to be a potential low training-cost temporal processing platform, which has been explored by the nonlinear and volatile dynamics of materials. An electric-double-layer (EDL) formed at the interface between a semiconductor and an electrolyte provided a great potential for building high energy-efficiency PRC. In this Letter, EDL coupled indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) artificial synapses are used to implement reservoir computing (RC). Rich reservoir states can be obtained based the ionic relaxation-based time multiplexing mask process. Such an IGZO-based RC device exhibits nonlinearity, fade memory properties, and a low average power of ∼9.3 nW, well matching the requirement of a high energy-efficiency RC system. Recognition of handwritten digit and spoken-digit signals is simulated with an energy consumption per reservoir state of ∼1.9 nJ, and maximum accuracy of 90.86% and 100% can be achieved, respectively. Our results show a great potential of exploiting such EDL coupling for realizing a physical reservoir that would underlie a next-generation machine learning platform with a lightweight hardware structure.
Agronomic performance of F7 soybean lines resistant to Soybean mosaic virus in the dryland area
Authors: Andayanie Wuye R. , Adinurani Praptiningsih G. , Lukito Martin , Pulihasih Akas Y.
Published: January 2023

In Indonesia, soybean cultivation is generally planted in paddy fields after the rice harvest. However, expanding soybean cultivation is needed to make optimal dry land in the future. This study aims to obtain F7 soybean lines resistant toSoybean mosaic virus(SMV) adaptive in the dry land. In the dry land planted eleven soybean breeding lines resistant to SMV and two varieties as control. Ten days after planting (DAP), soybean plants were inoculated with SMV. The experiment was conducted in the randomized complete block design with four replicates within each area. These results showed that the GK/PI200.485-7-17 line was the most superior soybean line and the potency to develop in the dryland area because it had the highest number of branches per plant, number of filled pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. The tested line showed the highest seed yields of 2.40 t/ha, and 2.72 t/ha, in Girisubo and Sidowayah Districts, respectively. This line did not indicate any serological relationship to SMV in both locations.
Is Long-term Cassava-based Agriculture Sustainable? (Case Study of Potassium Content in the Soil)
Authors: Setyastika Ursulin Sacer , Utami Sri Rahayu , Kurniawan Syahrul , Agustina Christanti
Published: January 2023

Farmer’s interest in planting cassava is relatively high because cassava is one of tolerant commodities toward drought, and low soil fertility. With minimum input, cassava still grow and produce. However, cassava absorb greater nutrients, especially potassium (K), leading to the depletion of essential nutrient availability. This research was carried out in Pati, Central Java, aimed to determine K nutrients status in the soil at the various durations of cassava land use. The research consisted of two factors, i.e 1) duration under cassava (five years, 10 yr, and 15 yr), and 2) slope (8 to 15% and 15 to 40%), each repeated four times. Soil and plant samples were taken at each location to determine K nutrients in the soil and plant (at harvest). Exchangeable K varies from low to moderate content, i.e. 0.44 to 0.50 cmol/kg (slope 1) and 0.22 cmol/kg (slope 2). Cassava land use showed an imbalance between input (fertilizer) and output (crop harvest) with negative results in the range of 114.59 to 524.78 kg K/ha. Exchangeable K content in the soils decreased with increasing K imbalance, meaning the longer period under cassava could lead to impoverishment of nutrients. Nutrient input should be increased to reduce the nutrient imbalance on the cassava farming system.
Development Model for Sustainable Utilization of Among Tani Application (A Study in Batu Smart City)
Authors: Fibrianingtyas Alia , Pertiwi Vi’in Ayu , Rayesa Neza Fadia
Published: January 2023

The extention in the industrial revolution 4.0 greatly changes and affect in disemination of information methods that should be delivered to farmers toward more dynamic [1]. Information and communication technology in agricultural development requires a certain educational process and capacity building due to some technical difficulties and lack of skills to implement it [4]. In Batu City, the older farmers can not get the beneficial from smart city concepts. They difficult to use the Among Tani application. So, this research important to design the development model scenario for sustainable use of Among Tani Application in Batu City. This research use qualitative method. The data were collected from indepth interview and complemented with secondary data. These data analyzed by descriptive method. The results of this research describe about the stakeholder role in accompaniment utilization of Among Tani and it obstacles. Beside that, the development model to made it sustain were created. So, it can be conclude that the job description of farmer facilitator ought to added, especially to help the digital marketing process for farmers.
The Decreasing Interest of Farmers in Soybean Farming in Puger Sub-District Jember Regency
Authors: Fauzi Nurul Fathiyah , Andriyani Sisi Dwi , Utami Aisyah Yuristianti
Published: January 2023

Puger Subdistrict is a soybean producer in Jember Regency, where the amount of production in the last three years has decreased drastically. In 2017 the soybean production in Puger sub-district reached 53 tons, in 2018 it fell to 508 quintals, and in 2019 it fell to 39 quintals. The decline in soybean production will threaten food security. It is also known that based on statistical data, Puger has decreased the area of soybean harvested, from 201 to 14 hectares ectara during the 2018-2019 period. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the factors that influence the decrease in farmers ‘interest in doing soybean farming in Puger, and 2) provide alternative strategies that can be used to increase farmers’ interest in soybean farming in Puger. The research methods are descriptive, Multiple Linier Regression, and Force Field Analysis (FFA) with incidental sampling (45 people and 3 expert respondents). This research used primary and secondary data. The results showed that 1) The factor that had a significant effect on reducing farmers’ interest in soybean farming was the price of soybeans (Rp/kilo), while the price of corn (Rp/kilo) and the weather factor did not have a significant effect, 2) the alternative strategies are: increasing the selling price of soybeans at the farmer level, training from extension agents to farmers to increase the ability of farmers in doing soybean farming, especially related to technical matters, and strengthening central government policies stabilization of local soybean prices as an incentive to foster farmers’ interest in planting soybeans which will have an impact on increasing the amount of local soybean production that can meet market needs and reduce the number of soybean imports.