bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Subpixel Surface Water Mapping from Heterogeneous Urban Environments Using Landsat 8 OLI Imagery
Authors: Xie Huan , Luo Xin , Xu Xiong , Pan Haiyan , Tong Xiaohua
Published: July 2016

Water bodies are a fundamental element of urban ecosystems, and water mapping is critical for urban and landscape planning and management. Remote sensing has increasingly been used for water mapping in rural areas; however, when applied to urban areas, this spatially- explicit approach is a challenging task due to the fact that the water bodies are often of a small size and spectral confusion is common between water and the complex features in the urban environment. Water indexes are the most common method of water extraction at the pixel level. More recently, spectral mixture analysis (SMA) has been widely employed in analyzing the urban environment at the subpixel level. The objective of this study is to develop an automatic subpixel water mapping method (ASWM) which can achieve a high accuracy in urban areas. Specifically, we first apply a water index for the automatic extraction of mixed land-water pixels, and the pure water pixels that are generated in this process are exported as the final result. Secondly, the SMA technique is applied to the mixed land-water pixels for water abundance estimation. As for obtaining the most representative endmembers, we propose an adaptive iterative endmember selection method based on the spatial similarity of adjacent ground surfaces. One classical water index method (the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI)), a pixel-level target detection method (constrained energy minimization (CEM)), and two widely used SMA methods (fully constrained least squares (FCLS) and multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA)) were chosen for the water mapping comparison in the experiments. The results indicate that the proposed ASWM was able to detect water pixels more efficiency than other unsupervised water extraction methods, and the water fractions estimated by the proposed ASWM method correspond closely to the reference fractions with the slopes of 0.97, 1.02, 1.04, and 0.98 and the R-squared values of 0.9454, 0.9486, 0.9665, and 0.9607 in regression analysis corresponding to different test regions. In the quantitative accuracy assessment, the ASWM method shows the best performance in water mapping with the mean kappa coefficient of 0.862, mean producer’s accuracy of 82.8%, and mean user’s accuracy of 91.8% for test regions.
Identification of Water Bodies in a Landsat 8 OLI Image Using a J48 Decision Tree
Authors: Acharya Tri , Lee Dong , Yang In , Lee Jae
Published: July 2016

Water bodies are essential to humans and other forms of life. Identification of water bodies can be useful in various ways, including estimation of water availability, demarcation of flooded regions, change detection, and so on. In past decades, Landsat satellite sensors have been used for land use classification and water body identification. Due to the introduction of a New Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor on Landsat 8 with a high spectral resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio, the quality of imagery sensed by Landsat 8 has improved, enabling better characterization of land cover and increased data size. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the most appropriate and practical water identification methods that take advantage of the improved image quality and use the fewest inputs based on the original OLI bands. The objective of the study is to explore the potential of a J48 decision tree (JDT) in identifying water bodies using reflectance bands from Landsat 8 OLI imagery. J48 is an open-source decision tree. The test site for the study is in the Northern Han River Basin, which is located in Gangwon province, Korea. Training data with individual bands were used to develop the JDT model and later applied to the whole study area. The performance of the model was statistically analysed using the kappa statistic and area under the curve (AUC). The results were compared with five other known water identification methods using a confusion matrix and related statistics. Almost all the methods showed high accuracy, and the JDT was successfully applied to the OLI image using only four bands, where the new additional deep blue band of OLI was found to have the third highest information gain. Thus, the JDT can be a good method for water body identification based on images with improved resolution and increased size.
Method in the Madness: Hysteria and the Will to Power
Authors: Gildersleeve Matthew
Published: July 2016

At the very start of a chapter on hysteria in her book From Mastery to Analysis: Theories of Gender in Psychoanalytic Feminism, Patricia Elliot cites Nietzsche’s “truths are illusions of which one has forgotten that they are illusions”. This paper follows this connection between hysteria and the work of Nietzsche. This paper will highlight how a Lacanian interpretation of hysteria can elucidate Heidegger’s reading of Nietzsche’s Will to Power and how this interpretation of the Will to Power can better explain the value and importance of hysteria for psychoanalysis and philosophy. I will show that the hysteric’s discourse has a “higher value” than the master’s discourse because it meets Nietzsche’s definition of art, which aims at life’s enhancement rather than the master’s knowledge or truth which aims at the preservation of life. My work will explain how the hysteric’s discourse can transform the master’s discourse into the analyst’s discourse through the Will to Power. This is important, as this is the ultimate aim of psychoanalysis where “At the end of analysis the subject passes to the position of analyst”. This is the ultimate aim of psychoanalysis because “For Lacan, the Discourse of the Analyst is revolutionary because it articulates the truth of the (unconscious) subject”. Fundamentally, the objective of this article is to demonstrate that “hysteria is to be understood not as an ‘abnormal’ condition but as one possible manifestation of the subject’s uncanny relationship to itself”.
Automated glycan assembly of a S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CPS antigen
Authors: Weishaupt Markus W , Matthies Stefan , Hurevich Mattan , Pereira Claney L , Hahm Heung Sik , Seeberger Peter H
Published: July 2016

Vaccines against S. pneumoniae, one of the most prevalent bacterial infections causing severe disease, rely on isolated capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that are conjugated to proteins. Such isolates contain a heterogeneous oligosaccharide mixture of different chain lengths and frame shifts. Access to defined synthetic S. pneumoniae CPS structures is desirable. Known syntheses of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CPS rely on a time-consuming and low-yielding late-stage oxidation step, or use disaccharide building blocks which limits variability. Herein, we report the first iterative automated glycan assembly (AGA) of a conjugation-ready S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CPS trisaccharide. This oligosaccharide was assembled using a novel glucuronic acid building block to circumvent the need for a late-stage oxidation. The introduction of a washing step with the activator prior to each glycosylation cycle greatly increased the yields by neutralizing any residual base from deprotection steps in the synthetic cycle. This process improvement is applicable to AGA of many other oligosaccharides.
STUDY ON CORRELATION BETWEEN FIRE FIGHTING TIME AND FIRE LOSS IN URBAN BUILDING BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA
Authors: WANG Deyong , LU Lu , ZHU Jiping , YAO Jiajie , WANG Yunlong , LIAO Guangxuan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the correlation between fire fighting time and fire loss (burned area of urban building) based on fire statistical data in Jiangxi Province (China) from 2000 to 2010 was studied. The results showed the probability distribution of fire fighting time met lognormal distribution. In the probability density function, the expectation of the distribution represents the average level of fire fighting time. We found the average fighting time of warehouse and workshop fires were higher than the average level of whole building fires. In addition, the probability distribution of the burned area in each fire fighting time interval also followed power function, which was valid in the case of the fire fighting time within 4 hours. Furthermore, the absolute value of the exponent of the function is positively correlated with the small-scale fires and negatively with the large-scale fires. The value decreased with the increase of the fire fighting time, indicating that the fire control ability became poor with longer fire fighting time. Also, the fire control ability in residential waned fastest as the fighting time increased, and the ability in warehouse waned slowest. en fire fighting time and fire loss in urban building based on statistical data
CORRIGENDUM
Authors: NAKHAEI Jalal , BITARAFAN Mahdi , LALE AREFI Shahin , KAPLIŃSKI Oleg
Published: July 2016

"Corrigendum." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 22(7), p. 979
GOVERNMENT MOTIVATION-EMBEDDED RETURN GUARANTEE FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BASED ON REAL OPTIONS
Authors: MAN Qingpeng , SUN Chengshuang , FEI Yuesheng , SKITMORE Martin , BAI Yong , LU Weizhuo
Published: July 2016

Governments usually guarantee the amount of investment income to private sector partners to encourage their participation in Public-Private Partnership urban infrastructure development projects, with the ‘float return on investment guarantee’ being the main method in use by the Chinese government today. The current problems with the float return on investment guarantee are analysed and a guarantee approach with embedded motivatio nal behaviour is presented as an alternative. A pricing method option is then introduced as the motivation-embedded return guarantee has similar charac­teristics to real options. From this, a valuation model is developed that provides the basis of a new systematic method for calculating the government guarantee value.
THE DEMAND FOR PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AS A KEY FACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUTSOURCING OF FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES IN POLAND
Authors: BAGIEŃSKA Anna
Published: July 2016

The access to professional knowledge and specialists’ skills is possible for small enterprises thanks to the outsourcing of services. Purpose – The aim is to analyse the reasons for the outsourcing of accounting services and the factors influencing the choice of the accounting office. The specific aim is to evaluate the entrepreneur’s benefits resulting from using the knowledge of the specialists providing outsourcing services. Design/metodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 entrepreneurs who outsource accounting services in the Podlaskie Region in Poland. Findings – The most important factors influencing the entrepreneur’s cooperation with the accounting office are: high quality of services resulting from the competence of the employees of the office, the range of services offered by the company, advising on finance management, correctness of tax accounting, the possibility of using additional services. Due to high competitiveness, the demand for professional knowledge influences the development of the outsourcing of financial and accounting services to a greater degree than the price of the services offered by the accounting offices.
THE RESEARCH ON INTERFACE BETWEEN LITHUANIAN DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD AND FOREIGN TRADE FLOWS
Authors: KOZLOVA Anžela , MIEČINSKIENĖ Algita
Published: July 2016

The scientific research results related to foreign trade and direct investment abroad (DIA) are discussed in the article. The relation of the direct investment abroad and foreign trade is still under the discussion as there is no clear answer whether foreign trade is supplemented or replaced by the direct investment abroad. Since 1997 the flows of the direct investment abroad increased greately in Lithuania. Consequently, it is important to define the link between the DIA and foreign trade considering each country separately. Direct investment abroad and trade links in Lithuania in 1997–2014 are analyzed in the article. The research analysis involves Lithuanian direct investments in the developed countries except some countries, such as Belorus, Russia and Ukraine. It is defined that there is a positive bilateral link between Lithuanian direct investment abroad and foreign trade. It is also observed the impact of general development of Lithuanian direct investment abroad (considering certain countries) on the countries economy itself – imports can exceed exports. Engle-Granger causality test is applied in the research paper for the purpose of defining the impact of the DIA on the import and export range.
POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS OF HOT DUST STARS AND THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Marshall J. P. , Cotton D. V. , Bott K. , Ertel S. , Kennedy G. M. , Wyatt M. C. , Burgo C. del , Absil O. , Bailey J. , Kedziora-Chudczer L.
Published: July 2016

Debris discs are typically revealed through the presence of excess emission at infrared wavelengths. Most discs exhibit excess at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths, analogous to the solar system’s Asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts. Recently, stars with strong (∼1%) excess at near-infrared wavelengths were identified through interferometric measurements. Using the HIgh Precision Polarimetric Instrument, we examined a sub-sample of these hot dust stars (and appropriate controls) at parts-per-million sensitivity in SDSS g′ (green) and r′ (red) filters for evidence of scattered light. No detection of strongly polarized emission from the hot dust stars is seen. We, therefore, rule out scattered light from a normal debris disk as the origin of this emission. A wavelength-dependent contribution from multiple dust components for hot dust stars is inferred from the dispersion (the difference in polarization angle in red and green) of southern stars. Contributions of 17 ppm (green) and 30 ppm (red) are calculated, with strict 3-σ upper limits of 76 and 68 ppm, respectively. This suggests weak hot dust excesses consistent with thermal emission, although we cannot rule out contrived scenarios, e.g., dust in a spherical shell or face-on discs. We also report on the nature of the local interstellar medium (ISM), obtained as a byproduct of the control measurements. Highlights include the first measurements of the polarimetric color of the local ISM and the discovery of a southern sky region with a polarization per distance thrice the previous maximum. The data suggest that λ
max, the wavelength of maximum polarization, is bluer than typical.
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH HIGH ACCRETION RATES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. V. A NEW SIZE–LUMINOSITY SCALING RELATION FOR THE BROAD-LINE REGION
Authors: Du Pu , Lu Kai-Xing , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Huang Ying-Ke , Wang Kai , Hu Chen , Qiu Jie , Li Yan-Rong , Fan Xu-Liang , Fang Xiang-Er , Bai Jin-Ming , Bian Wei-Hao , Yuan Ye-Fei , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jian-Min ,   (SEAMBH collaboration)
Published: July 2016

This paper reports results of the third-year campaign of monitoring super-Eddington accreting massive black holes (SEAMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) between 2014 and 2015. Ten new targets were selected from the quasar sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which have generally been more luminous than the SEAMBH candidates in the last two years. Hβ lags (

) in five of the 10 quasars have been successfully measured in this monitoring season. We find that the lags are generally shorter, by large factors, than those of objects with same optical luminosity, in light of the well-known R
H

β–L
5100 relation. The five quasars have dimensionless accretion rates of

–103. Combining these with measurements of the previous SEAMBHs, we find that the reduction of Hβ lags depends tightly on accretion rates,

, where

is the Hβ lag from the normal R
H

β–L
5100 relation. Fitting 63 mapped AGNs, we present a new scaling relation for the broad-line region:

, where

is the 5100 Å continuum luminosity, and the coefficients are

lt-day,

,

, and

. This relation is applicable to AGNs over a wide range of accretion rates, from 10−3 to 103. Implications of this new relation are briefly discussed.
HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS GIANTS WITH LONG-TERM RADIAL VELOCITY TRENDS
Authors: Ryu Tsuguru , Sato Bun’ei , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Narita Norio , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Uyama Taichi , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Hashimoto Jun , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Abe Lyu , Ando Hiroyasu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Carson Joseph C. , Currie Thayne , Egner Sebastian , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Hełminiak Krzysztof G. , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ida Shigeru , Ishii Miki , Itoh Yoichi , Iye Masanori , Izumiura Hideyuki , Janson Markus , Kambe Eiji , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kokubo Eiichiro , Kwon Jungmi , Matsuo Taro , Mayama Satoshi , McElwain Michael W. , Mede Kyle , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takami Michihiro , Takato Naruhisa , Takeda Yoichi , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Wisniewski John , Yamada Toru , Yoshida Michitoshi , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide
Published: July 2016

A radial velocity (RV) survey for intermediate-mass giants has been in operation for over a decade at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO). The OAO survey has revealed that some giants show long-term linear RV accelerations (RV trends), indicating the presence of outer companions. Direct-imaging observations can help clarify what objects generate these RV trends. We present the results of high-contrast imaging observations of six intermediate-mass giants with long-term RV trends using the Subaru Telescope and HiCIAO camera. We detected co-moving companions to γ Hya B (

), HD 5608 B (

), and HD 109272 B (

). For the remaining targets (ι Dra, 18 Del, and HD 14067), we exclude companions more massive than 30–60 M
Jup at projected separations of 1″–7″. We examine whether these directly imaged companions or unidentified long-period companions can account for the RV trends observed around the six giants. We find that the Kozai mechanism can explain the high eccentricity of the inner planets ι Dra b, HD 5608 b, and HD 14067 b.
MINIMAL PROSPECTS FOR RADIO DETECTION OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF JUPITER
Authors: Bray J. D. , Nelles A.
Published: July 2016

One possible approach for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos is to search for radio emission from extensive air showers created when they interact in the atmosphere of Jupiter, effectively utilizing Jupiter as a particle detector. We investigate the potential of this approach. For searches with current or planned radio telescopes we find that the effective area for detection of cosmic rays is substantial (∼3 × 107 km2), but the acceptance angle is so small that the typical geometric aperture (∼103 km2 sr) is less than that of existing terrestrial detectors, and cosmic rays also cannot be detected below an extremely high threshold energy (∼1023 eV). The geometric aperture for neutrinos is slightly larger, and greater sensitivity can be achieved with a radio detector on a Jupiter-orbiting satellite, but in neither case is this sufficient to constitute a practical detection technique. Exploitation of the large surface area of Jupiter for detecting ultra-high-energy particles remains a long-term prospect that will require a different technique, such as orbital fluorescence detection.
NuSTAR HARD X-RAY SURVEY OF THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION. II. X-RAY POINT SOURCES
Authors: Hong JaeSub , Mori Kaya , Hailey Charles J. , Nynka Melania , Zhang Shuo , Gotthelf Eric , Fornasini Francesca M. , Krivonos Roman , Bauer Franz , Perez Kerstin , Tomsick John A. , Bodaghee Arash , Chiu Jeng-Lun , Clavel Maïca , Stern Daniel , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Alexander David M. , Aramaki Tsuguo , Baganoff Frederick K. , Barret Didier , Barrière Nicolas , Boggs Steven E. , Canipe Alicia M. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Desai Meera A. , Forster Karl , Giommi Paolo , Grefenstette Brian W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Hong Dooran , Hornstrup Allan , Kitaguchi Takao , Koglin Jason E. , Madsen Kristen K. , Mao Peter H. , Miyasaka Hiromasa , Perri Matteo , Pivovaroff Michael J. , Puccetti Simonetta , Rana Vikram , Westergaard Niels J. , Zhang William W. , Zoglauer Andreas
Published: July 2016

We present the first survey results of hard X-ray point sources in the Galactic Center (GC) region by NuSTAR. We have discovered 70 hard (3–79 keV) X-ray point sources in a 0.6 deg

region around Sgr A* with a total exposure of 1.7 Ms, and 7 sources in the Sgr B2 field with 300 ks. We identify clear Chandra counterparts for 58 NuSTAR sources and assign candidate counterparts for the remaining 19. The NuSTAR survey reaches X-ray luminosities of ∼4× and ∼8 × 10

erg s

at the GC (8 kpc) in the 3–10 and 10–40 keV bands, respectively. The source list includes three persistent luminous X-ray binaries (XBs) and the likely run-away pulsar called the Cannonball. New source-detection significance maps reveal a cluster of hard (>10 keV) X-ray sources near the Sgr A diffuse complex with no clear soft X-ray counterparts. The severe extinction observed in the Chandra spectra indicates that all the NuSTAR sources are in the central bulge or are of extragalactic origin. Spectral analysis of relatively bright NuSTAR sources suggests that magnetic cataclysmic variables constitute a large fraction (>40%–60%). Both spectral analysis and logN–logS distributions of the NuSTAR sources indicate that the X-ray spectra of the NuSTAR sources should have kT > 20 keV on average for a single temperature thermal plasma model or an average photon index of Γ = 1.5–2 for a power-law model. These findings suggest that the GC X-ray source population may contain a larger fraction of XBs with high plasma temperatures than the field population.
THE CHROMOSPHERIC SOLAR LIMB BRIGHTENING AT RADIO, MILLIMETER, SUB-MILLIMETER, AND INFRARED WAVELENGTHS
Authors: De la Luz V.
Published: July 2016

Observations of the emission at radio, millimeter, sub-millimeter, and infrared wavelengths in the center of the solar disk validate the autoconsistence of semi-empirical models of the chromosphere. Theoretically, these models must reproduce the emission at the solar limb. In this work, we tested both the VALC and C7 semi-empirical models by computing their emission spectrum in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 10 THz at solar limb altitudes. We calculate the Sun's theoretical radii as well as their limb brightening. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium was computed for hydrogen, electron density, and H−. In order to solve the radiative transfer equation, a three-dimensional (3D) geometry was employed to determine the ray paths, and Bremsstrahlung, H−, and inverse Bremsstrahlung opacity sources were integrated in the optical depth. We compared the computed solar radii with high-resolution observations at the limb obtained by Clark. We found that there are differences between the observed and computed solar radii of 12,000 km at 20 GHz, 5000 km at 100 GHz, and 1000 km at 3 THz for both semi-empirical models. A difference of 8000 km in the solar radii was found when comparing our results against the heights obtained from Hα observations of spicules-off at the solar limb. We conclude that the solar radii cannot be reproduced by VALC and C7 semi-empirical models at radio—infrared wavelengths. Therefore, the structures in the high chromosphere provide a better measurement of the solar radii and their limb brightening as shown in previous investigations.
THE X-RAY PROPERTIES OF MILLION SOLAR MASS BLACK HOLES
Authors: Plotkin Richard. M. , Gallo Elena , Haardt Francesco , Miller Brendan P. , Wood Callum J. L. , Reines Amy E. , Wu Jianfeng , Greene Jenny E.
Published: July 2016

We present new Chandra X-ray observations of seven low-mass black holes (

) accreting at low-bolometric Eddington ratios between

. We compare the X-ray properties of these seven low-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to a total of 73 other low-mass AGNs in the literature with published Chandra observations (with Eddington ratios extending from

). We do not find any statistical differences between the low and high Eddington ratio low-mass AGNs in the distributions of their X-ray to ultraviolet luminosity ratios (

), or in their X-ray spectral shapes. Furthermore, the

distribution of low-

AGNs displays an X-ray weak tail that is also observed within high-

objects. Our results indicate that between

, there is no systematic change in the structure of the accretion flow for active galaxies hosting

black holes. We examine the accuracy of current bolometric luminosity estimates for our low-

objects with new Chandra observations, and it is plausible that their Eddington ratios could be underestimated by up to an order of magnitude. If so, then in analogy with weak emission line quasars, we suggest that accretion from a geometrically thick, radiatively inefficient “slim disk” could explain their diverse properties in

. Alternatively, if current Eddington ratios are correct (or overestimated), then the X-ray weak tail would imply that there is diversity in disk/corona couplings among individual low-mass objects. Finally, we conclude by noting that the

distribution for low-mass black holes may have favorable consequences for the epoch of cosmic reionization being driven by AGN.
VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA OF NITRILE ICES FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION ON PLUTO
Authors: Sivaraman B. , Pavithraa S. , Lo J.-I. , Sekhar B. N. Raja , Hill H. , Cheng B.-M. , Mason N. J.
Published: July 2016

Icy bodies, such as Pluto, are known to harbor simple and complex molecules. The recent New Horizons flyby of Pluto has revealed a complex surface composed of bright and dark ice surfaces, indicating a rich chemistry based on nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). Nitrile (CN) containing molecules such as acetonitrile (CH3CN), propionitrile (CH3CH2CN), butyronitrile (CH3CH2CH2CN), and isobutyronitrile ((CH3)2CHCN) are some of the nitrile molecules that are known to be synthesized by radiative processing of such simple ices. Through the provision of a spectral atlas for such compounds we propose that such nitriles may be identified from the ALICE payload on board New Horizons.
Histoire du temps présent et culture mémorielle en Europe
Authors: Cornelißen Christoph
Published: July 2016

Partant du constat du dynamisme qui caractérise aujourd’hui la recherche sur la mémoire au sein de l’histoire du temps présent allemande, cette contribution commence par se pencher sur quelques-unes des raisons qui expliquent le succès de ce champ d’étude, en soulignant les impulsions importantes qui sont venues de France. L’article distingue ensuite les principales étapes de l’évolution différenciée des cultures mémorielles nationales depuis 1945. Une dernière partie, qui examine les influences que l’européisation de la mémoire a pu avoir sur les mémoires collectives nationales, conduit l’auteur à conclure que, indépendamment des nouvelles tendances à une européisation des mémoires publiques, les frontières nationales tout comme les anciennes frontières entre blocs ont conservé leur signification.
Un habitat mérovingien du vi e s. à Neuville-sur-Escaut (59)
Authors: Leroy Renaud , Bouet Cécile , Rorive Sylvie
Published: July 2016

La fouille de l’habitat mérovingien, rue Emile Pierronne à Neuville-sur-Escaut, avait porté sur 8 809 m 2 . Elle est située à 200 m d’une nécropole mérovingienne fouillée dans les années soixante-dix. Appréhendé en partie, cet habitat a livré douze fonds de cabane, cinq fosses et près de 200 empreintes de poteaux mais un seul bâtiment est attesté avec certitude. Hormis une implantation tributaire de la topographie des lieux, aucune organisation spaciale particulière n’a été dégagée. On notera l’absence de fossé, de puits à eau, de four domestique ou de silo. Il s’agit d’un habitat à vocation agricole (élevage du bétail pour le travail des champs et pour l’exportation de viande) associé à un petit artisanat comme la métallurgie (présence de scories) ou le textile (fragments de pesons, fusaïole, broche de tisserand). Tout comme sa nécropole, l’habitat mérovingien a une durée d’occupation courte et il est probablement abandonné dans le courant du vi e s.
Discours interne en contexte sportif : synthèse critique des connaissances
Authors: Boudreault Véronique , Trottier Christiane , Provencher Martin D.
Published: July 2016

Le discours interne est une habileté mentale utilisée par les athlètes afin d’optimiser la performance sportive et le bien-être psychologique. Depuis une trentaine d’années, de plus en plus de chercheurs s’intéressent au discours interne en contexte sportif. Les résultats des études effectuées dans différents sports et auprès d’athlètes de différents niveaux compétitifs révèlent que le discours interne a une influence sur la performance sportive. Certains résultats équivoques invitent toutefois à se pencher sur la littérature afin de dégager les conclusions de recherches actuelles et de relever les pistes de recherche future. Le but de cet article est donc de présenter une synthèse critique des études sur le discours interne en psychologie du sport au cours des quinze dernières années afin de servir aux chercheurs et aux intervenants. Les bases de données psycINFO et SPORTdiscuss ainsi que le moteur de recherche Google Scholar ont été utilisés afin de recenser les articles publiés depuis janvier 2000 dont le sujet principal est le discours interne. Cet article porte d’abord sur la définition du discours interne, la conceptualisation du phénomène et les principales méthodes de mesure. Puis, les principaux résultats de recherche et les principales limites qui y sont associées sont présentés. Finalement, des pistes de recherche future sont proposées.
Aluminum in Vaccines: Addressing Parents' Concerns
Authors: Fernandez Sabrina
Published: July 2016

With myriad frightening stories on the Internet about vaccines, parents are frequently presenting to the pediatrician with questions about the safety of vaccine ingredients, and pediatricians need to be ready to listen to families with a kind ear. Pediatricians must also feel prepared to offer thoughtful, knowledgeable advice, appreciating the parent's concerns and educating them about the irrefutable benefits as well as the potential risks of vaccination.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(7):e231–e233.]
Pediatric Chronic Abdominal Pain and Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: A Review and Psychosocial Comparison
Authors: Mak Grace Zee , Lucchetti Amanda R. , Drossos Tina , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E. , Accurso Erin C. , Stiles-Shields Colleen , Newman Erika A. , Skelly Christopher L.
Published: July 2016

Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) occurs in children and adolescents with a reported prevalence of 4% to 41% with significant direct and indirect costs to the child, family, and society. Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a vascular compression syndrome of the celiac artery that may cause symptoms of epigastric pain and weight loss and is a frequently overlooked cause of CAP in the pediatric population. We have observed that the psychosocial presentation of patients with MALS is notable for various psychiatric comorbidities. In this article, we review MALS as well as our study results of the psychosocial profile of 30 MALS patients. Our data suggest that children and adolescents with MALS have similar psychosocial profiles to children with other gastrointestinal disorders resulting in CAP. The overlap of physical and psychosocial symptoms of patients who have MALS with other CAP disorders leads us to recommend that patients with CAP should be evaluated for MALS.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(7):e257–e264.]
Uncovering the stem cell hierarchy by genetic lineage tracing in the mammary gland
Authors: Osório Liliana , Long Fei , Zhou Zhongjun
Published: July 2016

The mammary gland is the distinct feature that gives the name to the class of mammals and distinguishes them from other animals. Functionally, the mammary gland is a secretory organ which main role is to produce milk to nourish the offspring. Organogenesis of the mammary gland starts during embryogenesis but occurs mainly after birth at puberty under the influence of hormonal cues. Throughout the adult life as well as during pregnancy, the mammary gland shows a remarkable regenerative ability, thus constituting an excellent model for studying stem cell biology. Although the mammary gland consists of a relatively simple epithelial structure with a luminal and a basal cell layers, these are indeed composed by distinct subsets of mammary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry and transplantation assay have identified several subpopulations of stem and/or progenitor cells in the mammary gland. Yet, physiological and developmental relevant information can only be obtained when investigating the stem cell hierarchy in the intact mammary gland. Genetic lineage tracing studies have offered unprecedented levels of information regarding the organization of the stem cell compartment and possible role of resident stem and/or progenitor cells at different stages of the mammary gland organogenesis. These studies, although creating a passionate debate, highlight the existence of heterogeneous stem cell compartment, where bipotent as well as unipotent mammary stem cells seems to co-exist. Genetic lineage tracing experiments provide relevant information on stem cells that are key for understanding both normal development as well as associated pathologies in human. It holds the promise of providing new insights into the cell-of-origin and heterogeneity of breast tumorigenesis.
Faut-il devenir mystique pour pouvoir rester chrétien ? L’exemple d’Ernst Troeltsch et d’Albert Schweitzer
Authors: Lehmkühler Karsten
Published: July 2016

Face à l’historicisme du xixe siècle, Ernst Troeltsch et Albert Schweitzer proposent chacun une interprétation mystique de la religion et de la foi chrétienne, leur permettant de rester chrétiens tout en abandonnant l’ancienne idée d’une histoire de salut. Troeltsch, refusant le neo-friesianisme de son ami Wilhelm Bousset comme aussi toute réduction de la foi chrétienne à sa dimension morale, interprète l’expérience religieuse comme une rencontre réelle avec Dieu, composée d’un élément empirique et contingent et d’un élément rationnel sous forme d’un apriori religieux. Albert Schweitzer présente l’apôtre Paul comme un mystique et avance l’idée d’une « mystique christocentrique » qui, pour l’homme moderne, se basera sur la « résonnance » de la volonté de Jésus dans celle des chrétiens.
Web-Based System to Improve Resource Efficiency in University Departments
Authors: Melchor-Ferrer Elias , Buendía-Carrillo Dionisio
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the main features, characteristics and benefits of an economic and financial information management system that has been introduced in several departments at the University of Granada (Spain). The system is web-based and intended to optimise efficiency in the management of public resources, according to e-government approach and principles. It is based on a combination of expressive, yet intuitive, query language, and faceted search, and has meant an important advance by comparing its performance with that achieved by other approaches. To assess the usefulness and functionality of this web-based system, in-depth interviews were conducted of different types of users. The methodological approach followed to address the analysis of this type of qualitative information is Constant Comparative Analysis from which it is derived a casual network whose main outcome is the improvement of economic and financial efficiency in the department. To encourage widespread use of the system, the application is open source software.
Using Personality Traits to Understand the Influence of Personality on Computer Programming
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Baraani-Dastjerdi Ahmad , Ghasem-Aghaee Naser , Wagner Stefan
Published: July 2016

Computer programming is complex and all personality factors might influence it. Personality factors are comprehensive but broad and, therefore, lower level traits may help understanding the influence of personality on computer programming. The objective of this paper is to extend the empirical knowledge in software psychology by using narrow personality traits as well as broad personality traits to explain the influence of personality. The authors surveyed 68 programming students developing software projects to investigate the influence of personality on performance in computer programming. They measured five broad personality factors, 17 personality facets, prior experience, attitude and self-assessed survey performance. They also used the grade students achieved in the software projects as an indicator of software quality. It was found that prior programming experience, attitude towards programming, academic performance, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness have a positive effect on performance in computer programming. However, one facet of Openness to Experience and facets of Neuroticism revealed negative effect. The authors found an indication that different aspects of personality factors have different influences on computer programming. Personality facets show larger effect than personality and help explaining the influence of personality. More studies are needed to strengthen the findings and clarify the situation.
Mucosal Langerhans Cells Promote Differentiation of Th17 Cells in a Murine Model of Periodontitis but Are Not Required for Porphyromonas gingivalis–Driven Alveolar Bone Destruction
Authors: Bittner-Eddy Peter D. , Fischer Lori A. , Kaplan Daniel H. , Thieu Kathleen , Costalonga Massimo
Published: July 2016

Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease affecting one in five individuals that can lead to tooth loss. CD4+ Th cells activated by a microbial biofilm are thought to contribute to the destruction of alveolar bone surrounding teeth by influencing osteoclastogenesis through IL-17A and receptor activator for NF-κB ligand effects. The relative roles of mucosal Ag presentation cells in directing Th cell immune responses against oral pathogens and their contribution to destruction of alveolar bone remain unknown. We tested the contribution of mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) to alveolar bone homeostasis in mice following oral colonization with a well-characterized human periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that oral mucosal LCs did not protect from or exacerbate crestal alveolar bone destruction but were responsible for promoting differentiation of Th17 cells specific to P. gingivalis. In mice lacking LCs the Th17 response was suppressed and a Th1 response predominated. Bypassing LCs with systemic immunization of P. gingivalis resulted in a predominantly P. gingivalis–specific Th1 response regardless of whether LCs were present. Interestingly, we find that in vivo clonal expansion of P. gingivalis–specific Th cells and induced regulatory T cells does not depend on mucosal LCs. Furthermore, destruction of crestal alveolar bone induced by P. gingivalis colonization occurred regardless of the presence of mucosal LCs or P. gingivalis–specific Th17 cells. Our data indicate that both LCs and Th17 cells are redundant in contributing to alveolar bone destruction in a murine model of periodontitis.
Determinants of VH1-46 Cross-Reactivity to Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoantigen Desmoglein 3 and Rotavirus Antigen VP6
Authors: Cho Michael Jeffrey , Ellebrecht Christoph T. , Hammers Christoph M. , Mukherjee Eric M. , Sapparapu Gopal , Boudreaux Crystal E. , McDonald Sarah M. , Crowe James E. , Payne Aimee S.
Published: July 2016

Shared VH1-46 gene usage has been described in B cells reacting to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) in the autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV), as well as B cells responding to rotavirus capsid protein VP6. In both diseases, VH1-46 B cells bearing few to no somatic mutations can recognize the disease Ag. This intriguing connection between an autoimmune response to self-antigen and an immune response to foreign Ag prompted us to investigate whether VH1-46 B cells may be predisposed to Dsg3-VP6 cross-reactivity. Focused testing of VH1-46 mAbs previously isolated from PV and rotavirus-exposed individuals indicates that cross-reactivity is rare, found in only one of seven VH1-46 IgG clonotypes. High-throughput screening of IgG B cell repertoires from two PV patients identified no additional cross-reactive clonotypes. Screening of IgM B cell repertoires from one non-PV and three PV patients identified specific cross-reactive Abs in one PV patient, but notably all six cross-reactive clonotypes used VH1-46. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that amino acid residues predisposing VH1-46 Abs to Dsg3 reactivity reside in CDR2. However, somatic mutations only rarely promote Dsg3-VP6 cross-reactivity; most mutations abolish VP6 and/or Dsg3 reactivity. Nevertheless, functional testing identified two cross-reactive VH1-46 Abs that both disrupt keratinocyte adhesion and inhibit rotavirus replication, indicating the potential for VH1-46 Abs to have both pathologic autoimmune and protective immune functions. Taken together, these studies suggest that certain VH1-46 B cell populations may be predisposed to Dsg3-VP6 cross-reactivity, but multiple mechanisms prevent the onset of autoimmunity after rotavirus exposure.
Pan-Specific Prediction of Peptide–MHC Class I Complex Stability, a Correlate of T Cell Immunogenicity
Authors: Rasmussen Michael , Fenoy Emilio , Harndahl Mikkel , Kristensen Anne Bregnballe , Nielsen Ida Kallehauge , Nielsen Morten , Buus Søren
Published: July 2016

Binding of peptides to MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules is the most selective event in the processing and presentation of Ags to CTL, and insights into the mechanisms that govern peptide–MHC-I binding should facilitate our understanding of CTL biology. Peptide–MHC-I interactions have traditionally been quantified by the strength of the interaction, that is, the binding affinity, yet it has been shown that the stability of the peptide–MHC-I complex is a better correlate of immunogenicity compared with binding affinity. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed peptide–MHC-I complex stability of a large panel of human MHC-I allotypes and generated a body of data sufficient to develop a neural network–based pan-specific predictor of peptide–MHC-I complex stability. Integrating the neural network predictors of peptide–MHC-I complex stability with state-of-the-art predictors of peptide–MHC-I binding is shown to significantly improve the prediction of CTL epitopes. The method is publicly available at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCstabpan.
Breastfeeding and Opiate Substitution Therapy: Starting to Understand Infant Feeding Choices
Authors: Graves Lisa E. , Turner Suzanne , Nader Maya , Sinha Sucheta
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Despite research demonstrating the safety and benefit of breastfeeding in opioid substitution therapy, few women in treatment breastfeed. Understanding the factors contributing to the choices women on opioid substitution therapy make about infant feeding is important.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to better understand and support infant feeding choices and breastfeeding experiences in women on opioid substitution therapy.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted on five databases: (1) Ovid MEDLINE(R) without revisions, (2) Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, (3) EMBASE, (4) CINAHL, and (5) FRANCIS. From 1081 articles, 46 articles were reviewed.

Results

The literature supports breastfeeding as an appropriate and safe option for women on opioid substitution treatment. Breastfeeding and rooming-in reduce neonatal abstinence. Women face barriers to breastfeeding due to societal stigma and the lack of patient and health-care provider education.

Conclusions

Efforts are needed to increase the knowledge that women and health-care professionals have about the safety and benefits of breastfeeding.
Redefining Gold Standard Testing for Diagnosing Leptospirosis: Further Evidence from a Well-Characterized, Flood-Related Outbreak in Sri Lanka
Authors: Agampodi Suneth B. , Dahanayaka Niroshan J. , Nöckler Karsten , Anne Mayer-Scholl , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: July 2016

A gap in the leptospirosis field remains the lack of well-characterized sample collections that allow for comparison of new methods to standard ones. In the context of a flood-related outbreak of leptospirosis evaluated in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a specimen bank was obtained with detailed metadata accompanied by gold standard diagnostic test results. Blood samples collected on admission and 14 days later from suspected cases of leptospirosis were tested using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) (17 serovars), an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a locally obtained strain of Leptospira kirschneri as sonicated antigen, a commercially available ELISA based on sonicated Leptospira biflexa, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting the pathogenic Leptospira-specific 16S rRNA gene. Of 62 patients presenting within the first 2 days of illness, 31 had confirmed leptospirosis based either on paired-sample MAT or qPCR. During the acute phase, qPCR was most sensitive, detecting 74% of definitively diagnosed cases; immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA (in-house), IgG ELISA (commercial), and MAT had sensitivities of 35.5%, 12.0%, and 22.6%, respectively, in detecting definitively diagnosed cases using acute phase serum. Of 40 patients with paired sera, 10 were qPCR positive. Of these, five samples were negative by paired-sample MAT. Of the 11 MAT-positive samples, only five were detected using qPCR confirming that both tests are needed for maximal sensitivity. Regional leptospiral serovar-specific IgG ELISA was superior to MAT. Knowing the regionally dominant serovars improves serological sensitivity in the analysis of acute specimens by ELISA, but qPCR was most sensitive in this patient population.
Two Cases of Leprosy in Siblings Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sotiriou Michael C. , Stryjewska Barbara M. , Hill Carlotta
Published: July 2016

We describe two leprosy cases in Mexican siblings caused by a new species Mycobacterium lepromatosis. This is likely the first report of family clustering of this infection. The patients showed severe prolonged leprosy reactions after antimicrobial treatment, raising a challenge for clinical management. The current status of M. lepromatosis infection is reviewed.
Zika Virus and Chikungunya Virus CoInfections: A Series of Three Cases from a Single Center in Ecuador
Authors: Zambrano Hector , Waggoner Jesse J. , Almeida Cristina , Rivera Lisette , Benjamin Juan Quintana , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: July 2016

Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cocirculate throughout much of the tropical Western Hemisphere; however, few cases of coinfection with these two pathogens have been reported. Herein, we describe three cases of ZIKV–CHIKV coinfection detected at a single center in Ecuador: a patient who developed symptoms on postoperative day 5 from an orthopedic procedure, a woman who had traveled to Ecuador for fertility treatment, and a woman who was admitted for Guillain–Barré syndrome and had ZIKV and CHIKV detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All cases were diagnosed using a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ZIKV viremia was detected as late as 16 days after symptom onset. These cases demonstrate the varied clinical presentation of ZIKV–CHIKV coinfections as well as the importance of multiplexed arboviral testing for these pathogens.
Effect on Quality of Life in Oral Cancer Patients after Radiation and Chemotherapy
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib , Hussain Quratul Ann
Published: July 2016

How to cite this article

Hussain QA, Awan KH. Effect on Quality of Life in Oral Cancer Patients after Radiation and Chemotherapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):97-98.