bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the Marco Island Historical Society’s Archaeological Collections
Authors: Bell Austin James
Published: February 2021

In 2016, the Marco Island Historical Society (MIHS) received a Preservation Assistance Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) to purchase preservation supplies necessary to rehouse the entirety of its archaeological holdings from Marco Island, Florida. Sites represented in the collections include Key Marco, Caxambas, and Horr’s Island, which have been well-known to archaeologists in Florida for a century. Between January 2017 and July 2018, with the assistance of student interns, the MIHS successfully rehabilitated these collections so that they not only be adequately preserved, but also be made readily available to academic researchers and the general public.
Relationship between Prostate Volume and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) Degree of Tamed Prostate Enlargement on Transabdominal Ultrasonography (TAUS) and Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRUS) Examination
Authors: Azhar Abu , Eriawan Agung Nugroho  , Ezra Endria Gunadi
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction: IPSS is the gold standard in measuring clinical symptoms of BPH. 1Prostate volume has been said to have a close relationship with the development ofBPH. 9 The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between prostate volumeas measured by transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) and transrectal (TRUS) to thedegree of IPSS. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross sectional designwas carried out on 303 BPH patients at the General Hospital of Kariadi Hospital,Semarang. The data obtained from the TAUS, TRUS and IPSS prostate volume wereobtained from medical records for the period 2015 - 2020. The data were then analyzedby using the chi square test. Results: Patients with BPH have a TAUS prostate volumein classification I of 0 people 0%, classification II of 16 people (5.3%), classification IIIof 96 people (31.7%), classification IV of 102 people (33.7%) and classification V of 89people (29.4%). While TRUS in classification I was 0% (0 people), classification II was11 people (3.6%), classification III was 92 people (30.4%), classification IV was 110people (36.3%) and classification V of 90 people (29.7%). IPSS obtained severe IPSSdegrees, namely 192 people (63.4%), moderate degrees of 111 people (36.6%), and milddegrees 0% (0 people). The results of the Chi Square test obtained a p-value of 0.000(p <0.05), indicating that there was a significant relationship between prostate volume,whether examined by transabdominal or transrectal ultrasound, and the degree ofIPSS. The correlation coefficient r = 0.925 indicates a very strong relationship betweenprostate volume as measured by both transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound withthe degree of IPSS, a positive result shows that the increase in prostate volume, thedegree of IPSS will also increase. Conclusion: There is a significant relationshipbetween prostate volume as measured by both TAUS and TRUS and the degree of IPSS.
Molahidatidosa from Pathophysiology to Clinical: Literature Review
Authors: Hidayat Rachmat , Irawan Sastradinata
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C THydatidiform is a gestational trophoblast disease which is histopathologicallycharacterized by the proliferation of avascular trophoblast cells and corial villi andundergoing hydrophic degeneration. The proliferation of trophoblast cells inhydatidiform moles can be in the form of cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast orintermediate trophoblast proliferation.
Obesitas dengan Kanker Kolorektal, Bagaimana Keterkaitan Keduanya?
Authors: Balatif Ridwan , Lubis Nenni Dwi Aprianti
Published: February 2021

Background: Obesity is still a frequent health problem. This condition of obesity has even increased both globally and nationally. It is feared that the increase in obesity cases will increase other disease conditions such as colorectal cancer.
Objectives: This article will provide an overview of the relationship between obesity and the incidence of colorectal cancer so as to provide a current, easy-to-understand picture of obesity and colorectal cancer.
Methods: This article was written using the literature search method. Sources of information are taken from E-books, websites, and search engines. Information taken in the period 2013-2020.
Discussion: It is suspected that obesity through a chronic inflammatory process will cause cell DNA damage so that it is at risk of triggering cancer. Until now, there are 13 types of cancer that are closely related to the incidence of obesity. This condition of obesity in addition to increasing a person's risk of developing colorectal cancer, it can also increase the risk of death in obese individuals with colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: Obesity condition increases the risk of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer cases.
Keywords: cancer, literature searching, obesity
 
Latar Belakang: Obesitas sampai saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang sering terjadi. Kondisi obesitas ini bahkan mengalami peningkatan baik secara global maupun nasional. Peningkatan kasus obesitas ini dikhawatirkan akan meningkatkan kondisi penyakit lain seperti kanker kolorektal.
Tujuan: Artikel ini akan memberikan pemaparan mengenai kaitan obesitas dengan kejadian kanker kolorektal sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran terkini yang mudah dipahami mengenai obesitas dan kanker kolorektal.
Metode: Artikel ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode pencarian literatur. Sumber informasi diambil dari E-book, website, dan search engine. Informasi yang diambil dalam rentang tahun 2013-2020.
Pembahasan: Diduga obesitas dengan melalui proses inflamasi kronik akan mengakibatkan kerusakan DNA sel sehingga berisiko mencetuskan kanker. Sampai saat ini terdapat 13 jenis kanker yang berkaitan erat dengan kejadian obesitas. Kondisi obesitas ini selain akan meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk mengalami kanker kolorektal, juga dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian pada individu yang mengalami kanker kolorektal dengan obesitas.
Kesimpulan: Kondisi obesitas meningkatkan  risiko kejadian dan mortalitas kasus kanker kolorektal.
Kata Kunci: kanker, obesitas, pencarian literatur
Transparência pública: Estudo de caso dos Portais de Transparência dos municípios do Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Barros André Luís Gaspar , Lima Orlem Pinheiro de , Silva Meiryjane Moura da , Araújo Paulo César Diniz de , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , Souza Andréa Lanza Cordeiro de , Oliveira Júnior Nilson José de , Santiago Sandro Breval
Published: February 2021

Este estudo aborda a questão da transparência pública a partir de pesquisas realizadas diretamente nos Portais de Transparência dos Municípios do Estado do Amazonas vinculados à Associação Amazonense dos Municípios – AAM, quais sejam: Alvarães, Anamã, Anori, Apuí, Atalaia do Norte, Autazes, Barcelos, Barreirinha, Benjamin Constant, Beruri, Boa Vista do Ramos, Boca do Acre, Caapiranga, Canutama, Carauari, Careiro, Careiro da Várzea, Coari, Codajás, Eirunepé, Envira, Fonte Boa, Guajará, Ipixuna, Iranduba, Itamarati, Japurá, Juruá, Jutaí, Manaquiri, Manicoré, Maraã, Maués, Nova Olinda do Norte, Novo Airão, Novo Aripuanã, Pauini, Presidente Figueiredo, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Santo Antônio do Içá, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, São Paulo de Olivença, Tabatinga, Tapauá, Tefé, Tonantins, Uarini e Urucurituba, totalizando-se quarenta e oito (48) dos sessenta e dois (62) municípios do estado do Amazonas, representando 77,41%, dos municípios pesquisados. Verificou-se que a implantação dos Portais ocorreu de acordo com a Lei 12.527/11. A primeira seção deste aborda a fundamentação teórica, apresentando-se definições de Administração Pública e Transparência, tendo como base diversos autores. Na segunda seção, será apresentado o método de pesquisa adotado. Na terceira seção, elucida-se os dados dos Portais de Transparência, segundo os critérios de transparência estabelecidos pelo Ministério Público Federal e a Controladoria Geral da União, baseando-se no Ranking Nacional de Transparência. Na quarta seção será efetuada a análise dos dados obtidos para confirmar ou não a hipótese. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a transparência nos Portais de Transparência dos Municípios do estado do Amazonas. Estabeleceu-se, ainda, os seguintes objetivos: verificar se há publicação dos Atos nos Portais da Transparência dos quarenta e oito (48) municípios pesquisados; verificar se os dados publicados estão de acordo com o estipulado pela Lei de Acesso à Informação; e analisar os resultados obtidos a partir da pesquisa realizada nos Portais da Transparência dos Municípios do estado do Amazonas. Pode-se depreender do estudo que as prefeituras municipais do estado do Amazonas não cumprem de maneira adequada a Lei de Acesso à Informação.
DYNAMIC PROBABILITY SELECTION FOR FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM BASED ON METROPOLISHASTINGS CRITERIA
Authors: Zamli Kamal Zuhairi , Din Fakhrud , Nasser Abdullah , Ramli Nazirah , Mohamed Noraini
Published: February 2021

Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm that adopts its metaphor from the proliferation role of flowers in plants. Having only one parameter control (i.e. the switch probability, pa) to choose from the global search (i.e. exploration) and local search (i.e. exploitation) is the main strength of FPA as compared to other meta-heuristic algorithms. However, FPA still suffers from variability of its performance as there is no one size that fits all values for pa, depending on the characteristics of the optimisation function. This paper proposed flower pollination algorithm metropolis-hastings (FPA-MH) based on the adoption of Metropolis-Hastings criteria adopted from the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to enable dynamic selection of the pa probability. Adopting the problem of t-way test suite generation as the case study and with the comparative evaluation with the original FPA, FPA-MH gave promising results owing to its dynamic and adaptive selection of search operators based on the need of the current search.
IS MEDIA LITERACY AN URGENT ISSUE IN EDUCATION FOR ALL?
Authors: Arroio Agnaldo
Published: February 2021

Today it is possible to consider that the new technologies can offer many possibilities to be explored. There is no doubt about the changes in society when it is adequately supported by the new technologies. In fact, people from all over the world used to have high hopes that new technologies will be able to improve and promote healthier life, as well they also expect a huge impulse to promoting social freedoms, and at least to increase knowledge and more productive livelihoods.
But for this scenario become true the traditional education goals should change to a different direction to gaining locally relevant goals and skills. In order to establish networks for all kind of partnerships, the new technologies could be used as the means for providing an access to and engaging in the lifelong learning programs all social groups of population around the world.
AN UNHEARD CALL FOR BRIDGING ETHICS AND GOVERNANCE: SAVE THE PLANET
Authors: Shil Nikhil Chandra
Published: February 2021

The awakening call of the twenty first century is to bring discipline in corporate behavior and attitude. The global financial crisis that gallops the whole economic system posits an unbeatable challenge before the society and demands a careful revisit of corporate routine to revamp trust and confidence on corporate affairs. Capitalism has accepted its inability to drag down the voluminous attitude of people who live in professional edge and isolate themselves from the mass on the ground of their superiority in terms of power, skill, and trust. Then the president of US had acknowledged that this was the biggest crisis that US economy faced after the 1929 stock market debacle. That crisis resulted stringent regulations to control Wall Street which is the Securities Act 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act 1934. This crisis also results Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002. Both of these two events have good similarities, sanctioning too much freedom and independence, capsizing the market gaps, destroying the whole system and confidence, and finally facing the rude destiny.
FACTORS AFFECTING INNOVATIONS IN SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF LIEPAJA
Authors: Vasiļevska Daina , Līduma Diāna , Melberga Kitija
Published: February 2021

Within the framework of the research, it was clarified that there is a trend in the service companies in Liepaja to rely more on the technological innovations. That differs from the dominating trend in this sector to introduce the non-technological innovations. Considering the common trend in Latvia that the number of innovative service companies is decreasing, the factors preventing the introduction specifically in the service companies in Liepaja were identified in the research.
Aim of the research is to clarify the opinion of managers of service companies in Liepaja about the factors affecting introduction of innovation. Within the framework of the research, 31 highest-level managers of Liepaja City service sector and municipal companies were inquired. The results of the research showed that 90% of respondents have introduced at least one form of innovations since January 2014. It was established that the main forms of innovations by object in the service companies in Liepaja are product or process innovations. Only 35% of the managers could clearly answer about their plans to introduce innovations in the future. That demonstrates the lack of strategy and innovations in the management and short-term planning in the companies. The results of the research allowed concluding that the main factor delaying innovations in the service companies was the shortage of financial resources. The lack of qualified staff was mentioned by the managers as an insuperable problem to introduce innovations.
Keywords: innovative business, service companies, forms and factors of innovations.
Autism : The Challengeand Global Autism Public Health (Gaph) Initiative : Bangladesh
Authors: Muhuri Basana Rani
Published: February 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental neurological disorder characterized by deficits in social behavior & communication, and a restricted range of activities. ASD transcends social, cultural & geographic boundaries. At least 1 in 150 individuals are affected with autism. In Bangladesh there has been a dramatic increase in the visible number of children with Autism. It is estimated by the Ministry of Social welfare that the total number could be as high as 1.4 million, of whom only a few hundred have been diagnosed. Another estimation is that 1 in every 500 children in Bangladesh has Autism, meaning that the approximate number of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Bangladesh is no less than 280,000. Autism symptoms range from mild to severe. Some individuals have strong intellectual & languagd abilities, whereas others require lifelong care. Many suffers from medical  problems along with autism. The American Academy of Pediatrics (composed of over 60,000 pediatrician) has recommended mandatory autism screening for all children between 18 and 24 months of age because there is compelling evidence that early intervention can result in significant gains in language and cognitive and impact long term outcome. A major barrier to improve the health & wellbeing of children and families touched by autism is the lack of knowledge and expertise. This limits access to care & early intervention and impedes the development of appropriate public health programs that can improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD & their families. These challenges are further complicated by a shortage of experts & trained professionals.

JCMCTA 2012; 23(1): 2-6
Averting Maternal Death and Disability : Role of Eoc in Chittagong District
Authors: Akhtar Rowshan , Ferdous Afroza , Kulsum Umme , Bhuiyan Syeda Nurjahan
Published: February 2021

Objectives of this study are: 1. To find out the number of facitilities providing EmOC services in rural areas of Chittagong district. 2. To assess the proportion of women who deliver at Emoc facilities. 3. To find out the “METNEED” at EmOC facilities. 4. To find out the caesarean deliveries as a proportion of all births at EmOC. 5. To see the “Case fatality rate” which reflects the quality of care & facility performance. This is a retrospective study between January 2009 to December 2009 done in thirteen upazilla health complexes in Chittagong district of population size-52,39,000. Outcome measures are availability of EmOC, Proportion of births in EmOC facilities, Met need, Cesarean deliveries &case fatality rate. About 6.7 & of births take place in Comprensive EmOC facilities and 2.4% in Basic EmOC (i.e. About 9.1% births are institutional). Study shows that “Met Need” is about 18%. Only <0.8% of all births in the population is delivered by casesarean section. In this study case fatality rate is only .067%. This study describes the baseline indicates calculated in different upazillas. In Chittagong only 5 Comprehensive EmOC services are not sufficient to cover the largely populated area. If we expand the Basic EmOC and Comprehensive EmOC we can help the people even in grass root level.

JCMCTA 2012; 23(1): 7-10
Membranas de fibra oca de diversos materiais e suas aplicações
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Ferreira Rodholfo da Silva Barbosa , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Lira Hélio de Lucena
Published: February 2021

Membrana pode ser definida como uma barreira, que separa duas fases e restringe o transporte de vários produtos químicos de forma seletiva, apresentando diferentes classificações, morfologias e geometrias. Esses materiais são utilizados em aplicações como: ultrafiltração, microfiltração, pervaporação, separação de gases, órgãos artificiais e outros fins médicos. Membranas sintéticas de fibra oca, obtidas com os diferentes tipos de materiais, vêm ganhando grande atenção nas últimas décadas devido às vantagens em relação à sua grande área específica e a maior compacidade em relação às membranas planas e tubulares utilizadas nos diversos processos de separação com membranas. As fibras ocas em sua grande maioria são preparadas por meio do método de inversão de fases, através da técnica de extrusão a frio com imersão por precipitação. O número de membranas poliméricas disponíveis comercialmente é maior quando comparado com os outros materiais, devido principalmente ao seu baixo custo, mas as membranas provenientes de materiais inorgânicos vêm ganhando uma maior atenção devido a propriedades como resistência química e térmica. Assim, o seguinte estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais características das membranas de fibra oca de diversos materiais, destacando as principais vantagens, os métodos de obtenção e aplicações.
Estágio supervisionado em psicologia da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará
Authors: Moraes Andresa dos Santos , Coelho Dayana Vitoria Gomes , Calandrini Leniolinda Barboza , Santos Gabriel Adan Costa dos
Published: February 2021

Os profissionais da psicologia da saúde podem atuar na baixa complexidade e na alta complexidade direcionada aos HC's (Hospitais Gerais), de acordo com sua especificidade. Neste sentido, o profissional de psicologia da saúde deve proporcionar a escuta empática, visando minimizar o desamparo vivenciado pelo paciente e também trabalhar os pensamentos e emoções influenciadas pelas experiências não agradáveis, dado possibilidade ao sujeito de resinificar suas vivências, estabelecendo autonomia e responsabilidade em relação ao cuidado da saúde. Este estudo é de natureza qualitativa que teve como objetivo relatar as experiências dos discentes do curso Bacharelado em Psicologia através das vivências do estágio supervisionado em psicologia da saúde no campo hospitalar, durante a pandemia COVID-19. Foi-se utilizado método descritivo e observacional dos aspectos vivenciados pelos acadêmicos de psicologia durante o estágio obrigatório no hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Belém, especializado nos tratamentos ambulatóriais do prematuro, da mulher, pediátrico, cirúrgicas e especialidades clínicas, utilizando instrumentos como: roda de conversa sobre atuação dos profissionais, observação do ambiente, descrição da vivência organizacional e intervenção da atuação do psicólogo. Vale lembrar, da importância do estágio em saúde para o favorecimento do crescimento pessoal, no resgate da autonomia, no exercício da liderança e na tomada de decisão, ferramentas importantes na vida profissional que darão suporte no exercício da profissão. Além disso, fica evidente á eficácia da ciência psicológica nas ações em saúde e o quanto o estágio no hospital possibilita diversas vivências importantes, devido que, ao entrar na psicologia hospitalar, encontra-se um mundo no interior do hospital, vidas, culturas, histórias, ideologias totalmente diferenciadas e com casos particulares únicos que dão ao profissional um desafio diário de intervenção e de se manter atualizado em literaturas.
Isolamento social durante COVID-19 x adaptação da sociedade: uma coleta de dados
Authors: Britto Diana Babini Lapa de Albuquerque , Oliveira Maria Luisa Figueira de , Costa Marcos Aurélio Santos da , Tenorio Fernanda Chagas Angelo Mendes
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: verificar se o isolamento social pode afetar a saúde mental das pessoas bem como os hábitos diários, atrelados a ideia de ser proibido sair de casa em decorrência da pandemia do COVID-19 do Estado de Pernambuco/PE. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo com 1.088 indivíduos, do tipo não probabilístico, por conveniência, de ambos os sexos e de diferentes idades, submetidos à um questionário virtual sobre as modificações cotidianas causadas pelo isolamento social, em decorrência da pandemia do COVID-19 do Estado Pernambuco/PE.  O presente estudo teve como número de aprovação do comitê de ética 4.001.096. Resultados: A maior parte dos participantes foram sexo feminino, com idade média de 34,72 anos de idade, relatando não ter havido problemas referentes ao isolamento social, nem problemas familiares. A maioria precisou se adaptar a uma nova realidade sobre higienização e apresentaram sentimentos não sentidos antes da pandemia, afirmando medo, tanto da situação de uma forma geral como de ser infectado pelo COVID-19, como também o isolamento social desencadeou ansiedade e outros sentimentos não vivenciados antes da pandemia. Por fim, quase todos os participantes relataram acreditar que os pesquisadores irão descobrir um tratamento eficaz para o COVID-19.  Conclusão: O isolamento social em decorrência da pandemia por COVID-19 pode afetar tanto a saúde mental dos indivíduos, desencadeando doenças psicoemocionais e como dificultar o processo de adaptação social.
A kilégzési tesztek története a gasztroenterológiában
Authors: Buzás György Miklós
Published: February 2021

Bármily egyszerűnek tűnnek mind a betegek, mind az orvosok és szakasszisztensek számára, a kilégzési tesztek története évszázadokra vezethető vissza. Az első ismeretek a levegő szerepéről és összetételéről az ókorból származnak. A légzés élettani ismeretei és a légzésfunkciós tesztek a 19. század második felében alakultak ki. A mai értelemben vett kilégzési tesztek az alapkutatások és az orvosi technológia fejlődése révén jelentek meg a 20. század második felében: a módszerek kifejlesztésében számos Nobel-díjas tudós vett részt (jelzett izotópos vizsgálatok, kromatográfia, tömegspektrometria és ezek kombinációja, ionszenzitív műszerek, elektronikus orr). Ennek következtében a modern gasztroenterológia olyan pontos kilégzési tesztekkel gyarapodott, amelyek az invazív vizsgálatokat sikeresen helyettesítik és kiegészítik.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КЛАСУ МІЦНОСТІ БЕТОНУ ЗА ДИНАМІЧНИМ МОДУЛЕМ ПРУЖНОСТІ ПРИ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВИХ ВИПРОБУВАННЯХ
Authors: ГЛУХОВСЬКИЙ В.П. , САМОЙЛЕНКО С.М.
Published: February 2021

Клас міцності бетону встановлюється за середньою міцністю і його однорідністю в контрольованій партії. За відсутності прямої функціональної залежності, основою отримання таких показників, ультразвуковим імпульсним методом, є градуювальні залежності між міцністю бетону на стиск і швидкістю (часом) поширення ультразвуку у бетоні. При випробуваннях стандартні процедури передбачають встановлення нових або коригування базових залежностей шляхом паралельних механічних випробувань зразків бетону відібраних з конструкцій. Недотримання таких вимог може призвести до значних похибок, при визначенні міцності і однорідності бетону, і як наслідок, до недостовірної оцінки класу міцності бетону в конструкціях.Характеристикою міцності бетону, функціонально пов'язаною з швидкостями поздовжніх і поперечних хвиль у зразках, є динамічний модуль пружності. Сучасні технічні засоби дозволяють однозначно ідентифікувати і з високою точністю вимірювати швидкості таких хвиль, що значно спрощує його визначення.Застосування динамічного модуля пружності для оцінки класу міцності бетону в конструкціях потребує обґрунтування його зв’язку з нормованими показниками міцності. Згідно будівельних норм таким показником є початковий модуль пружності, що відповідає конкретному класу міцності бетону.Проаналізована і експериментально підтверджена відповідність динамічного модуля пружності, початковому модулю пружності, для важкого бетону.В практичних роботах, це дає змогу застосовувати визначені за результатами акустичних вимірювань фактичні показники динамічних модулів пружності, для переходу до класів міцності бетону в конструкціях. При випробуваннях бетону ультразвуковим імпульсним методом, у разі неможливості відбору зразків для порівняльних випробувань, зв’язок динамічного модуля пружності з класом міцності бетону дозволяє коректно вибирати базову градуювальну залежність для конкретного діапазону міцності.
Extracellular Matrix Patches for Endarterectomy Repair
Authors: Allen Keith B. , Adams Joshua D. , Badylak Stephen F. , Garrett H. Edward , Mouawad Nicolas J. , Oweida Steven W. , Parikshak Manesh , Sultan Parvez K.
Published: February 2021

Patch repair is the preferred method for arteriotomy closure following femoral or carotid endarterectomy. Choosing among available patch options remains a clinical challenge, as current evidence suggests roughly comparable outcomes between autologous grafts and synthetic and biologic materials. Biologic patches have potential advantages over other materials, including reduced risk for infection, mitigation of an excessive foreign body response, and the potential to remodel into healthy, vascularized tissue. Here we review the use of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) for cardiovascular applications, particularly endarterectomy repair, and the capacity of these materials to remodel into native, site-appropriate tissues. Also presented are data from two post-market observational studies of patients undergoing iliofemoral and carotid endarterectomy patch repair as well as one histologic case report in a challenging iliofemoral endarterectomy repair, all with the use of small intestine submucosa (SIS)-ECM. In alignment with previously reported studies, high patency was maintained, and adverse event rates were comparable to previously reported rates of patch angioplasty. Histologic analysis from one case identified constructive remodeling of the SIS-ECM, consistent with the histologic characteristics of the endarterectomized vessel. These clinical and histologic results align with the biologic potential described in the academic ECM literature. To our knowledge, this is the first histologic demonstration of SIS-ECM remodeling into site-appropriate vascular tissues following endarterectomy. Together, these findings support the safety and efficacy of SIS-ECM for patch repair of femoral and carotid arteriotomy.
DHX15 Inhibits Autophagy and the Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Zhao Miaomiao , Ying Lixiong , Wang Rusha , Yao Jiping , Zhu Liming , Zheng Min , Chen Zhi , Yang Zhenggang
Published: February 2021

Autophagy is a highly conserved process by which superfluous or harmful components in eukaryotic cells are degraded by autophagosomes. This cytoprotective mechanism is strongly related to various human diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and diabetes. DEAH-box helicase 15 (DHX15), a member of the DEAH box family, is mainly involved in RNA splicing and ribosome maturation. Recently, DHX15 was identified as a tumor-related factor. Although both autophagy and DHX15 are involved in cellular metabolism and cancer progression, their exact relationship and mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we discovered a non-classic function of DHX15 and identified DHX15 as a suppressive protein in autophagy for the first time. We further found that mTORC1 is involved in DHX15-mediated regulation of autophagy and that DHX15 inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by suppressing autophagy. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a non-classical function of DHX15 as a negative regulator of autophagy related to the mTORC1 pathway and reveals that DHX15-related autophagy dysfunction promotes HCC cell proliferation, indicating that DHX15 may be a target for liver cancer treatment.
Enlarged Area of Mesencephalic Iron Deposits in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Liman Jan , Wolff von Gudenberg Alexander , Baehr Mathias , Paulus Walter , Neef Nicole E. , Sommer Martin
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Childhood onset speech fluency disorder (stuttering) is possibly related to dopaminergic dysfunction. Mesencephalic hyperechogenicity (ME) detected by transcranial ultrasound (TCS) might be seen as an indirect marker of dopaminergic dysfunction. We here determined whether adults who stutter since childhood (AWS) show ME.

Methods

We performed TCS in ten AWS and ten matched adults who never stuttered. We also assessed motor performance in finger tapping and in the 25 Foot Walking test.

Results

Compared to controls, AWS showed enlarged ME on either side. Finger tapping was slower in AWS. Walking cadence, i.e., the ratio of number of steps by time, tended to be higher in AWS than in control participants.

Discussion

The results demonstrate a motor deficit in AWS linked to dopaminergic dysfunction and extending beyond speech. Since iron deposits evolve in childhood and shrink thereafter, ME might serve as an easily quantifiable biomarker helping to predict the risk of persistency in children who stutter.
Case Report: Hemoptysis Caused by Pulmonary Tuberculosis Complicated With Bronchial Artery-Pulmonary Artery Fistula in Children
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Lv Fangfang , Xu Ming , Wen Shunhang , Zheng Yangming , Zhang Hailin
Published: February 2021

Bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis is an important cause of hemoptysis in adults, but it's relatively rare in children. Bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistulas are mostly congenital in children and may have no clinical manifestations in the early stage. Congenital bronchial artery-pulmonary fistula with pulmonary tuberculosis can lead to hemoptysis. From 2016 to 2020, two children with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with bronchial artery and pulmonary artery fistula were admitted and treated in our hospital. We reminded pediatricians to pay attention to a variety of etiology combined with the possibility of children's hemoptysis.
Dehumanization During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Markowitz David M. , Shoots-Reinhard Brittany , Peters Ellen , Silverstein Michael C. , Goodwin Raleigh , Bjälkebring Pär
Published: February 2021

Communities often unite during a crisis, though some cope by ascribing blame or stigmas to those who might be linked to distressing life events. In a preregistered two-wave survey, we evaluated the dehumanization of Asians and Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our first wave (March 26–April 2, 2020;N= 917) revealed dehumanization was prevalent, between 6.1% and 39% of our sample depending on measurement. Compared to non-dehumanizers, people who dehumanized also perceived the virus as less risky to human health and caused less severe consequences for infected people. They were more likely to be ideologically Conservative and believe in conspiracy theories about the virus. We largely replicated the results 1 month later in our second wave (May 6–May 13, 2020;N= 723). Together, many Americans dehumanize Asians and Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic with related perceptions that the virus is less problematic. Implications and applications for dehumanization theory are discussed.
Psychometrics of the Spanish Version of the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorders (SCAARED)
Authors: Sánchez-Cueva Sarah , Alonso-Esteban Yurena , Sánchez-Cueva Patricio , Birmaher Boris , Alcantud-Marín Francisco
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To translate and validate the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorders (SCAARED) questionnaire into Spanish.

Method: The original SCAARED was translated into Spanish and administered to a non-clinical sample of 131 university students (92.4% women, mean age 22 years) in Valencia, Spain. To assess the concurrent validity of the SCAARED, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale−21(DASS) and the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were also administered. Test-retest reliability was evaluated 2 weeks after the first administration.

Results: The internal consistency of SCAARED was high (α = 0.91) and the stability of the measurement was also high (test-retest 0.81). The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis showed four factors comparable to the original SCAARED (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia disorder, panic disorder, and separation anxiety disorder). The Area Under the Curve was excellent (0.88).

Conclusions: The Spanish version of the SCAARED showed good psychometric properties comparable to the original SCAARED suggesting that it may be a useful instrument to screen for anxiety disorders in Spanish-speaking adult populations. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings in larger community and clinical samples.
FK866 Protects Human Dental Pulp Cells against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence
Authors: Ok Chang Youp , Park Sera , Jang Hye-Ock , Takata Takashi , Lee Ok-Hee , Bae Moon-Kyoung , Bae Soo-Kyung
Published: February 2021

FK866 possesses various functional properties, such as anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. We previously demonstrated that premature senescence of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The present study aimed to investigate whether H2O2-induced premature senescence of hDPCs is affected by treatment with FK866. We found that FK866 markedly inhibited the senescent characteristics of hDPCs after exposure to H2O2, as revealed by an increase in the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive hDPCs and the upregulation of the p21 and p53 proteins, which acts as molecular indicators of cellular senescence. Moreover, the stimulatory effects of H2O2 on cellular senescence are associated with oxidative stress induction, such as excessive ROS production and NADPH consumption, telomere DNA damage induction, and upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and TNF-α) as well as NF-κB activation, which were all blocked by FK866. Thus, FK866 might antagonize H2O2-induced premature senescence of hDPCs, acting as a potential therapeutic antioxidant by attenuating oxidative stress-induced pathologies in dental pulp, including inflammation and cellular senescence.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Updates of Clinical and Pathological Features after Renewed World Health Organisation Classification and Pathology Staging
Authors: Lam Alfred King-yin
Published: February 2021

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a heterogenous group of diseases with different clinical behaviour between adult and paediatric patients. In addition, three histological variants, oncocytic, myxoid and sarcomatoid are noted on the recent World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of ACC. A review of recent literature showed that the different types of ACC have distinctive demographic data, clinical presentation, pathology, biological behaviour, genomic and patients’ prognosis. In addition, recent updates of pathology staging for ACC allow refinement of prognostic grouping for planning treatment of the patients with ACC. These advances in genomic, pathology and staging have driven the development of standardisation of pathology reporting. International standardisation of pathological reporting of adrenocortical carcinoma and adaption to local pathology communities provide universal platforms for clinicians and researchers involved in the management of patients with ACC. To conclude, all these advances in the field of pathology will improve development of management strategies including improvement of clinical care, development of prognostic markers and testing of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.
Translational Research in FLASH Radiotherapy—From Radiobiological Mechanisms to In Vivo Results
Authors: Marcu Loredana G. , Bezak Eva , Peukert Dylan D. , Wilson Puthenparampil
Published: February 2021

FLASH radiotherapy, or the administration of ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy, is a new radiation delivery method that aims to widen the therapeutic window in radiotherapy. Thus far, most in vitro and in vivo results show a real potential of FLASH to offer superior normal tissue sparing compared to conventionally delivered radiation. While there are several postulations behind the differential behaviour among normal and cancer cells under FLASH, the full spectra of radiobiological mechanisms are yet to be clarified. Currently the number of devices delivering FLASH dose rate is few and is mainly limited to experimental and modified linear accelerators. Nevertheless, FLASH research is increasing with new developments in all the main areas: radiobiology, technology and clinical research. This paper presents the current status of FLASH radiotherapy with the aforementioned aspects in mind, but also to highlight the existing challenges and future prospects to overcome them.
Evaluation of Plaque Characteristics and Inflammation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Andelovic Kristina , Winter Patrick , Jakob Peter Michael , Bauer Wolfgang Rudolf , Herold Volker , Zernecke Alma
Published: February 2021

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.
Interventions to Improve the Cast Removal Experience for Children and Their Families: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maharjan Pramila , Murdock Dustin , Tielemans Nicholas , Goodall Nancy , Temple Beverley , Askin Nicole , Wittmeier Kristy
Published: February 2021

Background: Cast removal can be a distressing experience for a child. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive review of interventions designed to reduce anxiety and improve the child’s and family’s experience of pediatric cast removal. Methods: A scoping review was conducted (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, grey literature sources). Inclusion criteria: studies published January 1975–October 2019 with a primary focus on pediatric patients undergoing cast removal/cast room procedures. Screening, full text review, data extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted in duplicate. Results: 974 unique articles and 1 video were screened. Nine articles (eight unique studies) with a total of 763 participants were included. Interventions included the following, alone or in combination: noise reduction, electronic device use, preparatory information, music therapy, play therapy, and child life specialist-directed intervention. Heart rate was used as a primary (88%) or secondary (12%) outcome measure across studies. Each study reported some positive effect of the intervention, however effects varied by age, outcome measure, and measurement timing. Studies scored low on outcome measure validity and blinding as assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. Conclusion: Various methods have been tested to improve the pediatric cast removal experience. Results are promising, however the variation in observed effectiveness suggests a need for the use of consistent and valid outcome measures. In addition, future research and quality improvement projects should evaluate interventions that are tailored to a child’s age and child/family preference.
Non-Invasive Ventilatory Strategies to Decrease Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia—Where Are We in 2021?
Authors: Dumpa Vikramaditya , Bhandari Vineet
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in neonatology have led to the increased survival of extremely low-birth weight infants. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not improved proportionally, partly due to increased survival of extremely premature infants born at the late-canalicular stage of lung development. Due to minimal surfactant production at this stage, these infants are at risk for severe respiratory distress syndrome, needing prolonged ventilation. While the etiology of BPD is multifactorial with antenatal, postnatal, and genetic factors playing a role, ventilator-induced lung injury is a major, potentially modifiable, risk factor implicated in its causation. Infants with BPD are at a higher risk of developing complications including sepsis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, respiratory failure, and death. Long-term problems include increased risk of hospital readmissions, respiratory infections, and asthma-like symptoms during infancy and childhood. Survivors who have BPD are also at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. While the ultimate solution for avoiding BPD lies in the prevention of preterm births, strategies to decrease its incidence are the need of the hour. It is time to focus on gentler modes of ventilation and the use of less invasive surfactant administration techniques to mitigate lung injury, thereby potentially decreasing the burden of BPD. In this article, we discuss the use of non-invasive ventilation in premature infants, with an emphasis on studies showing an effect on BPD with different modes of non-invasive ventilation. Practical considerations in the use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation are also discussed, considering the significant heterogeneity in clinical practices and management strategies in its use.
Celebrating a Year of Change and Progress
Authors: McLean M.
Published: February 2021

As 2006 draws to a close, Current Oncology is marking its most successful year to date, with a record number of manuscripts submitted and a record number published. [...]
The Cancer Patient’s Wife
Authors: Handelman Mark
Published: February 2021

A friend of mine, Mary, received this call yesterday. [...]
In this Issue of Current Oncology
Authors: McLean M.
Published: February 2021

The Editorial Board is pleased to announce that Current Oncology is now included in the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s PubMed search engine. [...]
In this issue of Current Oncology
Authors: McLean M.
Published: February 2021

Although the last issue of Current Oncology contained a consensus guideline on the management of anemia in cancer, pressure on our peer review process led to an inability to include a timely related manuscript from Dr. Amanda Goldrick and colleagues. [...]
In this issue of Current Oncology
Authors: McLean M.
Published: February 2021

In one of two manuscripts in this issue (Biomedical Ethics section), Dr. Jose Pereira from the University of Ottawa presents a fascinating review of the experience of the Benelux countries in their handling of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, practices that have been legal there for almost a decade, starting with Holland in 2001. [...]
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Brzovic Rajic Valentina , Modric Vesna Erika , Ivanisevic Malcic Ana , Gorseta Kristina , Karlovic Zoran , Verzak Zeljko
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to compare the frequency and the distribution of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Seventy-two children with intellectual disabilities and 72 healthy children were included in the study. They ranged in age from 5 to 18 years with the same distribution by age and sex. Standard clinical examination was performed, at a dental clinic or in the institution where the children lived, by using a dental mirror and a probe, according the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry judgment criteria for MIH. Results: Among the 72 children with intellectual disabilities, eight children (11.1%) presented MIH with 19 affected teeth. In the control group, one child (1.4%) presented MIH with two affected teeth. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.033). There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls. The molars, especially the first right molars were the most affected tooth. Brown defects were less common than white defects. Conclusion: Children with MIH should be identified because this condition is a common problem in children with intellectual disabilities.
Negativity of the Casimir Self-Entropy in Spherical Geometries
Authors: Li Yang , Milton Kimball A. , Parashar Prachi , Hong Lujun
Published: February 2021

It has been recognized for some time that, even for perfect conductors, the interaction Casimir entropy, due to quantum/thermal fluctuations, can be negative. This result was not considered problematic because it was thought that the self-entropies of the bodies would cancel this negative interaction entropy, yielding a total entropy that was positive. In fact, this cancellation seems not to occur. The positive self-entropy of a perfectly conducting sphere does indeed just cancel the negative interaction entropy of a system consisting of a perfectly conducting sphere and plate, but a model with weaker coupling in general possesses a regime where negative self-entropy appears. The physical meaning of this surprising result remains obscure. In this paper, we re-examine these issues, using improved physical and mathematical techniques, partly based on the Abel–Plana formula, and present numerical results for arbitrary temperatures and couplings, which exhibit the same remarkable features.