bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Environmental Impacts of Meatless and Meat-Containing Meals in the United States
Authors: Ernstoff Alexi , Tu Qingshi , Faist Mireille , Del Duce Andrea , Mandlebaum Sarah , Dettling Jon
Published: November 2019

This study compares the environmental impacts of meatless and meat-containing meals in the United States according to consumption data in order to identify commercial opportunities to lower environmental impacts of meals. Average consumption of meal types (breakfast, lunch, dinner) were assessed using life cycle assessment. Retail and consumer wastes, and weight losses and gains through cooking, were used to adjust the consumption quantities to production quantities. On average, meatless meals had more than a 40% reduction in environmental impacts than meat-containing meals for any of the assessed indicators (carbon footprint, water use, resource consumption, health impacts of pollution, and ecosystem quality). At maximum and minimum for carbon footprint, meat-containing dinners were associated with 5 kgCO2e and meatless lunches 1 kg CO2e. Results indicate that, on average in the US, meatless meals lessen environmental impacts in comparison to meat-containing meals; however, animal products (i.e., dairy) in meatless meals also had a substantial impact. Findings suggest that industrial interventions focusing on low-impact meat substitutes for dinners and thereafter lunches, and low-impact dairy substitutes for breakfasts, offer large opportunities for improving the environmental performance of the average diet.
Conflict Causes and Prevention Strategies at the Society-Science Nexus in Transdisciplinary Collaborative Research Settings: A Case Study of a Food Security Project in Tanzania
Authors: Schütt Juliane , Löhr Katharina , Bonatti Michelle , Sieber Stefan
Published: November 2019

Collaboration between researchers and society is essential when addressing challenging 21st Century questions. Such collaboration often comprises international, inter- and trans-disciplinary teams, as well as temporal constraints, resulting in inherently complex research projects. Although practitioners increasingly appreciate the value of bottom-up approaches, operational details are often overlooked. Further knowledge is necessary, especially about what might endanger project success. Using a food security project, this paper analyzes conflict experiences and prevention strategies between project members and local stakeholders through personal interviews and focus group discussions. Data for this case study was collected in four Tanzanian villages. This paper identifies multiple conflict drivers, including missing information transfers; diverging expectations; overlaps of field activities with seasonal farming activities; and obscure participant selection. Identified conflict prevention strategies include developing trust, reducing language barriers, and involving locals. Research practitioners, institutes, and hegemonic actors are responsible for ensuring that projects will not worsen the entered situation and negatively affect the community, adhering to the “do no harm” principle; therefore, it is vital to be aware and seek to improve international and collaborative research projects that actively involve local stakeholders. This paper supports the understanding of interacting with local communities in a food security context to support the development of innovative collaboration approaches and methods. Through collaboration, it is possible to find sustainable solutions to pressing issues.
Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space
Authors: Han Haoying , Nguyen Thuy Van T. , Sahito Noman
Published: November 2019

In Asia, sidewalks in big cities always raise controversial issues in society. Increasingly, sidewalks are rethought on their features and functions as the scholars gradually focus on the interrelationships between physical characteristics of streets and behavioral practice of users. In Vietnam, the sidewalk is often occupied by the encroachment of personalized street fronts and street vendors, so that the authorities can only resort to dividing the sidewalk width with no vital regard for pedestrians. Although there are periodic sidewalk clearance campaigns carried out by local authorities, they lack the desired efficiency since the sidewalks are repeatedly in a state of disorder. By direct observation, this paper examines the mixed-use type of sidewalk in the context of Vietnam to justify appropriacy. A segment of Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, a large and bustling street in Ho Chi Minh City, is investigated as an empirical evidence. As a result, this research suggests the existing sidewalks are not appropriate and desirable. As sidewalks have their own self-negotiation, an inclusive space approach to enhance sociable sidewalks should be considered by city planners and authorities.
Nonlinear Large Deformation Mechanism and Stability Control of Deep Soft Rock Roadway: A Case Study in China
Authors: Wang Dong , Jiang Yujing , Sun Xiaoming , Luan Hengjie , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2019

Improving the safety and stability of soft surrounding rock with nonlinear large deformation gives a strong guarantee for the safe mining and sustainable development of deep coal mines. In order to control the nonlinear large deformation of the surrounding rock in a deep soft rock roadway, this paper discusses the nonlinear large deformation mechanism and coupling support countermeasures of a typical engineering application at Xin’an coal mine in Gansu province, China. The series of experiments and theoretical analysis described in this paper reveal the phenomena, properties, and reasons for the nonlinear large deformation of soft surrounding rock in detail. Then, the type of nonlinear large deformation mechanism is determined and transformed from a composite one to a simple one. Based on experimental results and mechanism transformation, a suitable coupling support countermeasure, which contains the Constant Resistance Large Deformation (CRLD) bolt, steel mesh, floor hollow grouting cable, and steel fiber concrete, is proposed to reduce the nonlinear large deformation and the potential risk during mining. The application shows that the coupling support countermeasure can effectively reduce the nonlinear large deformation of the surrounding rock and help to maintain the stability of the deep soft rock roadway at Xin’an coal mine.
Mining and Local Economies: Dilemma between Environmental Protection and Job Opportunities
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Russu Paolo , Ticci Elisa
Published: November 2019

Mining areas often experience a climate of social tension due to the potential trade-off between expected employment impact and concerns for environmental damage. We address this topic from a theoretical perspective that, unlike most empirical research, includes medium-term dynamics. We developed a two-sector dynamic model that provides a new way to identify differences among mining regions in terms of conflict risk, local development, and welfare. There are critical points in the natural-resource base of local nonmining activities and in the pollution rate of mining operations, which determine the type of dynamics and its welfare outcomes due to the opening up of the economy to mining investment. Pollution control is a sine qua non for welfare gains despite new job opportunities in the mining sector.
Aging of Agricultural Labor Force and Technical Efficiency in Tea Production: Evidence from Meitan County, China
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhang Chao , Hu Ruifa , Zhu Xiaoke , Cai Jinyang
Published: November 2019

While the aging of agricultural labor force and its impact on agricultural production have been attracting extensive attention, little is known about the relationship between aging of agricultural labor force and technical efficiency in tea production. Using the stochastic frontier analysis and cross-sectional survey data covering 241 tea-producing farmers in Meitan County in China, this study attempts to investigate the impact of aging of tea-producing farmers on technical efficiency in tea production in the mountainous areas of southwestern China. The results show that the average technical efficiency in tea production is 0.581, implying a great room for improving technical efficiency in tea production in Meitan County. While there might exist an inverted U-shaped relationship between farmers’ age and technical efficiency, the aging of tea-producing farmers would exert negative impact on technical efficiency in tea production. In addition, rural–urban migration experience, number of household laborers, distance from home to village committee, and township location are also significantly related with technical efficiency. The findings in this study are proved to be robust. Hence, several policy implications for meeting the challenges from aging of agricultural labor force and improving technical efficiency in tea production in the mountainous areas of southwestern China are also discussed.
Road Safety in Low-Income Countries: State of Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Heydari Shahram , Hickford Adrian , McIlroy Rich , Turner Jeff , Bachani Abdulgafoor M.
Published: November 2019

Road safety in low-income countries (LICs) remains a major concern. Given the expected increase in traffic exposure due to the relatively rapid motorisation of transport in LICs, it is imperative to better understand the underlying mechanisms of road safety. This in turn will allow for planning cost-effective road safety improvement programs in a timely manner. With the general aim of improving road safety in LICs, this paper discusses the state of knowledge and proposes a number of future research directions developed from literature reviews and expert elicitation. Our study takes a holistic approach based on the Safe Systems framework and the framework for the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety. We focused mostly on examining the problem from traffic engineering and safety policy standpoints, but also touched upon other sectors, including public health and social sciences. We identified ten focus areas relating to (i) under-reporting; (ii) global best practices; (iii) vulnerable groups; (iv) disabilities; (v) road crash costing; (vi) vehicle safety; (vii) proactive approaches; (viii) data challenges; (ix) social/behavioural aspects; and (x) capacity building. Based on our findings, future research ought to focus on improvement of data systems, understanding the impact of and addressing non-fatal injuries, improving estimates on the economic burden, implementation research to scale up programs and transfer learnings, as well as capacity development. Our recommendations, which relate to both empirical and methodological frontiers, would lead to noteworthy improvements in the way road safety data collection and research is conducted in the context of LICs.
Do Employees Matter in the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance?
Authors: Yoo Jae Mee , Choi Woojae , Chon Mi Lim
Published: November 2019

This study investigated the mechanism behind the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firms’ financial performance while focusing on internal stakeholders. Although many studies have examined the effects of CSR few has empirically investigated the underlying process of the mechanism. In addition, previous research has rarely regarded employees as a link between CSR and firms’ outcomes, despite employees implementing CSR policies. This study explored the pathway of the CSR-employees-firm’s performance. Employee commitment was used to explain the relationship between CSR and performance, since it is an important employee-associated micro-level outcome of CSR. The results showed that CSR indirectly influenced a firm’s accounting profitability through enhanced employee commitment, as well as directly affected firm’s profitability. CSR increases employee commitment, which in turn leads to improvements in a firm’s accounting returns. The paper suggests that employees should be considered as an important agent for the effects of CSR initiatives.
Moving Towards the Circular Economy/City Model: Which Tools for Operationalizing This Model?
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi , Nocca Francesca
Published: November 2019

As the world continues to urbanize, identifying and implementing new urban development models and strategies is necessary to face sustainable development challenges. To this end, the circular economy model can be implemented in cities in order to operationalize and achieve human sustainable development managing simultaneously, in a systemic perspective, the social inequalities issue and the ecological and economic crisis. Today there are many cities that are defining themselves as a “circular city” but, to date, a clear definition of this does not exist. In the transition towards the circular city, tools (such as evaluation, governance, financial, business tools) play a fundamental role. The aim of this paper is (after an analysis of the concept of the circular city and its implementation, starting from literature, official documents and reports) to identify and analyze tools for implementing the circular city model. In particular, a set of indicators to assess (positive and/or negative) impacts of projects and initiatives of the circular city agenda is identified.
Establishing Collection and Delivery Points to Encourage the Use of Active Transport: A Case Study in New Zealand Using a Consumer-Centric Approach
Authors: Kedia Ashu , Kusumastuti Diana , Nicholson Alan
Published: November 2019

The current and projected trends of growth in online shopping might change the activity and travel patterns in Christchurch, one of the largest cities in New Zealand. Online shopping might reduce consumers’ shopping trips, but it has substantially increased courier companies’ trips to deliver parcels to the end-consumers because a considerable proportion of parcels are often required to be redelivered due to consumers not being at home during the first delivery attempt. This also adds to the operational cost of courier companies and adverse traffic impacts. To mitigate these issues, collection-and-delivery points (CDPs) have recently been introduced in New Zealand on a trial basis. This study aims to identify the optimal density and locations for establishing CDPs in Christchurch using a modified p-median location-allocation (LA) model. A consumer-centric approach to locating CDPs has been adopted by considering the socio-demographic characteristics of Christchurch’s residents and the distances to/from CDPs. Non-traditional CDP locations (e.g., supermarkets and dairies) were considered as potential candidate facilities and were found to be more suitable as CDPs than traditional post shops. Based on consumers’ shopping pattern, supermarkets appeared to be the most frequently visited and preferred type of facility to be used as CDPs. However, the results of the LA analyses show that dairies are the most accessible locations, and CDPs at dairies located within two kilometres will encourage consumers to walk and cycle to receive their parcels from CDPs. The results suggest the optimal location configuration for each type of facility considered, based on their spatial distribution in the city.
Road Landscape Morphology of Valley City Blocks under the Concept of “Open Block”—Taking Lanzhou City as an Example
Authors: Zeng Junwei , Qian Yongsheng , Ren Zeyao , Xu Dejie , Wei Xuting
Published: November 2019

The unique valley geographical environment and the congestion-prone road landscape make valley city traffic jammed easily. In this paper, under the background of “open blocks”, two open patterns, which correspond to two different road landscapes (“ideal grid opening” and “open under realistic conditions”), are proposed. Taking Lanzhou city as an example, six basic statistical characteristics are used to compare and analyze the changes of road network topology in blocks to find out which open pattern is more suitable for valley cities. The results show that the pattern “open under realistic conditions” has a significant effect on the improvement of network performance and capacity. Specifically, breaking the “large blocks” and developing the small-scale blocks help to alleviate the traffic pressure. Besides, the opening of blocks located along river valley has a more positive effect on improving road network performance than the blocks sited in the inner area of cities.
Identification of Enablers and Barriers for Public Bike Share System Adoption using Social Media and Statistical Models
Authors: Serna Ainhoa , Ruiz Tomas , Gerrikagoitia Jon , Arroyo Rosa
Published: November 2019

Public bike share (PBS) systems are meant to be a sustainable urban mobility solution in areas where different travel options and the practice of active transport modes can diminish the need on the vehicle and decrease greenhouse gas emission. Although PBS systems have been included in transportation plans in the last decades experiencing an important development and growth, it is crucial to know the main enablers and barriers that PBS systems are facing to reach their goals. In this paper, first, sentiment analysis techniques are applied to user generated content (UGC) in social media comments (Facebook, Twitter and TripAdvisor) to identify these enablers and barriers. This analysis provides a set of explanatory variables that are combined with data from official statistics and the PBS observatory in Spain. As a result, a statistical model that assesses the connection between PBS use and certain characteristics of the PBS systems, utilizing sociodemographic, climate, and positive and negative opinion data extracted from social media is developed. The outcomes of the research work show that the identification of the main enablers and barriers of PBS systems can be effectively achieved following the research method and tools presented in the paper. The findings of the research can contribute to transportation planners to uncover the main factors related to the adoption and use of PBS systems, by taking advantage of publicly available data sources.
Energy Modeling and Experimental Validation of Four-Wheel Mecanum Mobile Robots for Energy-Optimal Motion Control
Authors: Zhang Liang , Kim Jongwon , Sun Jie
Published: November 2019

Four-wheel Mecanum mobile robots (FWMRs) are widely used in transportation because of their omnidirectional mobility. However, the FWMR trades off energy efficiency for flexibility. To efficiently predict the energy consumption of the robot movement processes, this paper proposes a power consumption model for the omnidirectional movement of an FWMR. A power consumption model is of great significance for reducing the power consumption, motion control, and path planning of robots. However, FWMRs are highly maneuverable, meaning their control is complicated and their energy modeling is extremely complex. The speed, distance, path, and power consumption of the robot can vary greatly depending on the control method. This energy model was mathematically implemented in MATLAB and validated by our laboratory’s Mecanum wheel robot. The prediction accuracy of the model was over 95% through simulation and experimental verification.
PPF-Dependent Fixed Point Results for Multi-Valued ϕ-F-Contractions in Banach Spaces and Applications
Authors: Jaradat Mohammed M. M. , Mohammadi Babak , Parvaneh Vahid , Aydi Hassen , Mustafa Zead
Published: November 2019

The solutions for many real life problems is obtained by interpreting the given problem mathematically in the form of f ( x ) = x . One of such examples is that of the famous Borsuk–Ulam theorem, in which using some fixed point argument, it can be guaranteed that at any given time we can find two diametrically opposite places in a planet with same temperature. Thus, the correlation of symmetry is inherent in the study of fixed point theory. In this paper, we initiate ϕ − F -contractions and study the existence of PPF-dependent fixed points (fixed points for mappings having variant domains and ranges) for these related mappings in the Razumikhin class. Our theorems extend and improve the results of Hammad and De La Sen [Mathematics, 2019, 7, 52]. As applications of our PPF dependent fixed point results, we study the existence of solutions for delay differential equations (DDEs) which have numerous applications in population dynamics, bioscience problems and control engineering.
Integrability Properties of Cubic Liénard Oscillators with Linear Damping
Authors: Demina Maria , Sinelshchikov Dmitry
Published: November 2019

We consider a family of cubic Liénard oscillators with linear damping. Particular cases of this family of equations are abundant in various applications, including physics and biology. There are several approaches for studying integrability of the considered family of equations such as Lie point symmetries, algebraic integrability, linearizability conditions via various transformations and so on. Here we study integrability of these oscillators from two different points of view, namely, linearizability via nonlocal transformations and the Darboux theory of integrability. With the help of these approaches we find two completely integrable cases of the studied equation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the equations under consideration have a generalized Darboux first integral of a certain form if and only if they are linearizable.
A Study on Hypergraph Representations of Complex Fuzzy Information
Authors: Luqman Anam , Akram Muhammad , Al-Kenani Ahmad N. , Alcantud José Carlos R.
Published: November 2019

The paradigm shift prompted by Zadeh’s fuzzy sets in 1965 did not end with the fuzzy model and logic. Extensions in various lines have produced e.g., intuitionistic fuzzy sets in 1983, complex fuzzy sets in 2002, or hesitant fuzzy sets in 2010. The researcher can avail himself of graphs of various types in order to represent concepts like networks with imprecise information, whether it is fuzzy, intuitionistic, or has more general characteristics. When the relationships in the network are symmetrical, and each member can be linked with groups of members, the natural concept for a representation is a hypergraph. In this paper we develop novel generalized hypergraphs in a wide fuzzy context, namely, complex intuitionistic fuzzy hypergraphs, complex Pythagorean fuzzy hypergraphs, and complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy hypergraphs. Further, we consider the transversals and minimal transversals of complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy hypergraphs. We present some algorithms to construct the minimal transversals and certain related concepts. As an application, we describe a collaboration network model through a complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy hypergraph. We use it to find the author having the most outstanding collaboration skills using score and choice values.
Algorithm for Detecting Communities in Complex Networks Based on Hadoop
Authors: Hai Mo , Li Haifeng , Ma Zhekun , Gao Xiaomei
Published: November 2019

With the explosive growth of the scale of complex networks, the existing community detection algorithms are unable to meet the needs of rapid analysis of the community structure in complex networks. A new algorithm for detecting communities in complex networks based on the Hadoop platform (called Community Detection on Hadoop (CDOH)) is proposed in this paper. Based on the basic idea of modularity increment, our algorithm implements parallel merging and accomplishes a fast and accurate detection of the community structure in complex networks. Our extensive experimental results on three real datasets of complex networks demonstrate that the CDOH algorithm can improve the efficiency of the current memory-based community detection algorithms significantly without affecting the accuracy of the community detection.
Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets
Authors: Vatzia Eleni , Pierron Alix , Saalmüller Armin , Mayer Elisabeth , Gerner Wilhelm
Published: November 2019

The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminates animal feed worldwide. In vivo, DON modifies the cellular protein synthesis, thereby also affecting the immune system. However, the functional consequences of this are still ill-defined. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy pigs were incubated with different DON concentrations in the presence of Concanavalin A (ConA), a plant-derived polyclonal T-cell stimulant. T-cell subsets were investigated for proliferation and expression of CD8α, CD27, and CD28, which are involved in activation and costimulation of porcine T cells. A clear decrease in proliferation of all ConA-stimulated major T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells) was observed in DON concentrations higher than 0.4 µM. This applied in particular to naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. From 0.8 μM onwards, DON induced a reduction of CD8α (CD4+) and CD27 expression (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). CD28 expression was diminished in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at a concentration of 1.6 µM DON. None of these effects were observed with the DON-derivative deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) at 16 µM. These results indicate that DON reduces T-cell proliferation and the expression of molecules involved in T-cell activation, providing a molecular basis for some of the described immunosuppressive effects of DON.
Uptake, Growth, and Pigment Changes in Lemna minor L. Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Cylindrospermopsin
Authors: Flores-Rojas Nelida Cecilia , Esterhuizen-Londt Maranda , Pflugmacher Stephan
Published: November 2019

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing cyanobacterial blooms such as Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Umezakia, and Lyngbya spp. are occurring more commonly and frequently worldwide. CYN is an environmentally stable extracellular toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis, and, therefore, can potentially affect a wide variety of aquatic biota. Submerged and floating macrophytes, as primary producers in oligotrophic habitats, are at risk of exposure and information on the effects of CYN exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations is limited. In the present study, we investigated CYN uptake in the floating macrophyte Lemna minor with exposure to reported environmental concentrations. The effects were evaluated in terms of bioaccumulation, relative plant growth, and number of fronds per day. Variations in the concentrations and ratios of the chlorophylls as stress markers and carotenoids as markers of oxidative stress defense were measured. With exposure to 25 μg/L, L. minor could remove 43% of CYN within 24 h but CYN was not bioaccumulated. Generally, the pigment concentrations were elevated with exposure to 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 μg/L CYN after 24 h, but normalized quickly thereafter. Changes in relative plant growth were observed with exposure to 0.25 and 2.5 μg/L CYN. Adverse effects were seen with these environmentally realistic concentrations within 24 h; however, L. minor successfully recovered within the next 48–96 h.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Homogeneous Viscous Debris-Flows Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method
Authors: Wang Shu , Shu Anping , Rubinato Matteo , Wang Mengyao , Qin Jiping
Published: November 2019

Non-homogeneous viscous debris flows are characterized by high density, impact force and destructiveness, and the complexity of the materials they are made of. This has always made these flows challenging to simulate numerically, and to reproduce experimentally debris flow processes. In this study, the formation-movement process of non-homogeneous debris flow under three different soil configurations was simulated numerically by modifying the formulation of collision, friction, and yield stresses for the existing Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The results obtained by applying this modification to the SPH model clearly demonstrated that the configuration where fine and coarse particles are fully mixed, with no specific layering, produces more fluctuations and instability of the debris flow. The kinetic and potential energies of the fluctuating particles calculated for each scenario have been shown to be affected by the water content by focusing on small local areas. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding and new insights regarding intermittent debris flows, and explains the impact of the water content on their formation and movement processes.
Revisiting Telemetry in Pakistan’s Indus Basin Irrigation System
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Tousif , Anwar Arif A. , Shah Muhammad Azeem Ali
Published: November 2019

The Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) lacks a system for measuring canal inflows, storages, and outflows that is trusted by all parties, transparent, and accessible. An earlier attempt for telemetering flows in the IBIS did not deliver. There is now renewed interest in revisiting telemetry in Pakistan’s IBIS at both national and provincial scales. These investments are typically approached with an emphasis on hardware procurement contracts. This paper describes the experience from field installations of flow measurement instruments and communication technology to make the case that canal flows can be measured at high frequency and displayed remotely to the stakeholders with minimal loss of data and lag time between measurement and display. The authors advocate rolling out the telemetry system across IBIS as a data as a service (DaaS) contract rather than as a hardware procurement contract. This research addresses a key issue of how such a DaaS contract can assure data quality, which is often a concern with such contracts. The research findings inform future telemetry investment decisions in large-scale irrigation systems, particularly the IBIS.
Contamination Profiles of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater in the Alluvial–Pluvial Plain of Hutuo River, China
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Xue , Wang Xing , Qiao Xiaocui , Hao Shuran , Lu Jingrang , Duan Xiaodi , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Zheng Binghui
Published: November 2019

Over the past decade, concerns about perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have increased rapidly among the scientific community due to their global distribution and persistence in various environmental matrices. The occurrences of 10 PFAS in groundwater in the alluvial–pluvial plain of Hutuo River (APPHR) in the North China Plain (NCP) were analyzed via UPLC-MS/MS and solid phase extraction. Total PFAS concentrations ranged from 0.56 ng/L to 13.34 ng/L, with an average value of 2.35 ng/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were dominant PFAS contaminants with high detection rates of 98.39% and 95.16%, respectively, and PFOA was the main pollutant with a mean concentration of 0.65 ng/L. The hydrogeological conditions have an important influence on the concentrations of PFAS in groundwater. Comparatively, the concentration of PFAS in groundwater in the study area is not very high, but it reflects that the groundwater in this region is affected by industrial sources to some extent. Local government should pay more attention on industrial pollution control and groundwater protection in this area.
Characterization of the Groundwater Storage Systems of South-Central Chile: An Approach Based on Recession Flow Analysis
Authors: Parra Víctor , Arumí José Luis , Muñoz Enrique , Paredes Jerónimo
Published: November 2019

Groundwater storage and discharge are important processes that have not yet been sufficiently studied in some parts of Chile. Additionally, in watersheds without snow cover or glaciers, groundwater storage and release are the main sources of minimum flow generation; therefore, improvements are required to characterize this process. This study aimed to use recession flow analysis to link groundwater storage depletion to the predominant geological characteristics of each watershed in order to improve our understanding of the groundwater storage-release process in 24 watersheds in south-central Chile. The results allowed different groundwater storage behaviors associated with different geological characteristics to be identified, making recession flow analysis a valuable tool for improving the representation and conceptualization of this process in order to advance toward better minimum flow predictions.
Tintinnid Ciliate Communities in Pre- and Post-Winter Conditions in the Southern Adriatic Sea (NE Mediterranean)
Authors: Njire Jakica , Batistić Mirna , Kovačević Vedrana , Garić Rade , Bensi Manuel
Published: November 2019

The Southern Adriatic Sea is a dynamic region under the influence of diverse physical forces that modify sea water properties as well as plankton dynamics, abundance, and distribution in an intricate way. The most pronounced being: winter vertical convection, lateral exchanges between coastal and open sea waters, and the ingression of water masses of different properties into the Adriatic. We investigated the distribution and abundance of tintinnid species in this dynamic environment in pre- and post-winter conditions in 2015/2016. A strong ingression of the saline Levantine Intermediate Water, supported by the cyclonic mode of the North Ionian Gyre in 2015 and 2016, in December was associated with a high diversity of oceanic species. An unusual spatial distribution of neritic-estuarine species Codonellopsis schabi was observed in deeper layers along the analyzed transect, which emphasizes the strong influence of physical processes on deep water biology in the South Adriatic. A shift of population toward greater depths (mesopelagic) and modification of deep sea community structure was recorded in April as a consequence of the winter convection-driven sinking of tintinnids. Our findings indicate that tintinnid abundance and composition is heavily influenced by physical conditions and they are good indicators of the impact of physical forces, including climate changes, on marine environment.
Livestock Farming at the Expense of Water Resources? The Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Regions with Intensive Livestock Farming
Authors: Vogeler Colette S. , Möck Malte , Bandelow Nils C. , Schröder Boris
Published: November 2019

Policymaking in the water–energy–food nexus is characterized by complex ecological, social, and economic interdependencies. Nexus research assumes these interactions to be overseen in the respective resource governance resulting in sectoral perspectives contributing to unsustainable outcomes. In Germany, the political priority given to the formation of an internationally competitive livestock sector by means of intensification, specialization and regional concentration has exerted sustained pressure on water and soil resources. The expansion of bioenergy plants promoted by the renewable energy act has exacerbated the situation. Despite the persistency of the ecological challenges, German policymakers only reacted when the European Commission referred Germany to the European Court of Justice. Current policy efforts to tackle the ecological problems are now provoking disruptions in the agrarian sector in regions with high nitrate concentrations in water resources. By combining the social-ecological systems framework with hypotheses derived from nexus research, we explore the interactions between food, water and energy systems and aim at understanding the unsustainable outcomes. We argue that the non-consideration of the complex interdependencies between the agricultural, the water and the energy system in policymaking and the divergence of policy goals constitute a major cause of unsustainable governance.
Progress Towards Bioelectrochemical Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Beretta Gabriele , Daghio Matteo , Espinoza Tofalos Anna , Franzetti Andrea , Mastorgio Andrea Filippo , Saponaro Sabrina , Sezenna Elena
Published: November 2019

Chromium is one of the most frequently used metal contaminants. Its hexavalent form Cr(VI), which is exploited in many industrial activities, is highly toxic, is water-soluble in the full pH range, and is a major threat to groundwater resources. Alongside traditional approaches to Cr(VI) treatment based on physical-chemical methods, technologies exploiting the ability of several microorganisms to reduce toxic and mobile Cr(VI) to the less toxic and stable Cr(III) form have been developed to improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of remediating hexavalent chromium-contaminated groundwater. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), principally investigated for wastewater treatment, may represent an innovative option for groundwater remediation. By using electrodes as virtually inexhaustible electron donors and acceptors to promote microbial oxidation-reduction reactions, in in situ remediation, BESs may offer the advantage of limited energy and chemicals requirements in comparison to other bioremediation technologies, which rely on external supplies of limiting inorganic nutrients and electron acceptors or donors to ensure proper conditions for microbial activity. Electron transfer is continuously promoted/controlled in terms of current or voltage application between the electrodes, close to which electrochemically active microorganisms are located. Therefore, this enhances the options of process real-time monitoring and control, which are often limited in in situ treatment schemes. This paper reviews research with BESs for treating chromium-contaminated wastewater, by focusing on the perspectives for Cr(VI) bioelectrochemical remediation and open research issues.
AS MULHERES DA COLÔNIA DE ALIENADAS DO ENGENHO DE DENTRO
Authors: Valentim Renata Patricia Forain de , Martins Letícia Palmeira , Martins Mariah da Silva , Freitas Tamiris Rejane Moreira
Published: November 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a transferência das 334 mulheres indigentes da seção Esquirol, ala do Hospício Nacional de Alienados, para a Colônia de Alienadas do Engenho de Dentro. A hipótese é a de que a criação da colônia foi a ratificação de uma política de tratamento que extrapolou o saber psiquiátrico e fez confluir temas e discursos diversos, tais como feminilidade, republicanismo, trabalho e pobreza. Na análise desse campo de diálogo espera-se compreender a participação do ideário psiquiátrico nas formulações que marcaram a compreensão acerca da mulher pobre durante a primeira república e inserir o aparecimento destas ideias no conjunto de instrumentos de regulação social que precisaram ser reconstruídos após a crise institucional do segundo reinado.
HABILIDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO INTENCIONAL DE BEBÊS: CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFISSIONAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Alexandrino Vanessa Porto , Braz Aquino Fabíola de Sousa
Published: November 2019

Estudar a habilidade de comunicação intencional é importante por suas relações imbricadas com o desenvolvimento global e da linguagem. O conhecimento de profissionais da educação acerca dessa habilidade pode mediar práticas pedagógicas que potencializem a dimensão sociocomunicativa e cognitiva infantil. Objetivou-se neste estudo, conhecer e analisar as concepções de professoras, monitoras e psicólogas escolares sobre a habilidade de comunicação intencional de bebês em contextos públicos de educação infantil. Participaram quatro psicólogas escolares, quatro professoras e sete monitoras que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada transcrita literalmente e organizada em três seções gerais. A maioria das participantes mencionou gestos e expressões emocionais infantis que denotavam intencionalidade e auxiliavam na comunicação entre as profissionais e os bebês
«Herbe Divine ». Le riz chez les Bugis (Indonésie)
Authors: Pelras Christian
Published: November 2019

Chez les Bugis du sud de Célèbes, le riz constitue le principal aliment de base et la riziculture, la première activité productive. Mais l'aliment a aussi une grande importance rituelle, et l'activité productrice ne se réduit pas à un ensemble de processus techniques.

C'est que les Bugis ne considèrent pas le riz comme une céréale ordinaire : pour eux, son origine remonte aux temps mythiques, et sa présence en notre monde, toujours pré¬ caire, dépend du respect par les humains de règles morales et de traditions ancestrales. Aussi les techniques agricoles ne sont-elles pas dissociables de nombreux rites, tant individuels que communautaires. On trouvera ici une description rapide des unes et des autres.

La précarité est réelle : les rendements sont faibles, et la culture se faisant en rizières pluviales, sans aucune véritable irrigation, de simples irrégularités climatiques sont suffisantes pour mettre en cause la récolte, sans parler des autres calamités toujours possibles.

Jusqu'à ces derniers temps, la proportion de la population à la superficie des terres cultivables en riz était telle, cependant, que les risques d'insuffisance s'en trouvaient réduits. Mais on arrive maintenant à un stade où il n'est plus guère possible d'augmenter l'étendue réservée aux rizières, alors que la croissance démographique se poursuit.

Récemment, les autorités se sont employées à propager l'utilisation de nouvelles varié¬ tés de riz plus avantageuses, d'engrais et d'insecticides. Ces efforts se heurtent à divers obstacles : mentaux (on répugne à adopter de nouveaux riz qui ne peuvent plus, comme les anciennes variétés, être considérés comme étant d'origine céleste) mais aussi économiques (la faiblesse des revenus d'un certain nombre de paysans les fait hésiter à consentir la mise de fonds, même relativement minime, qui est nécessaire pour mettre en œuvre ces améliorations). Il faut espérer que ces efforts porteront tout de même leurs fruits.
L'essartage chez les Brou du Cambodge. Organisation collective et autonomie familiale
Authors: Matras Jacqueline
Published: November 2019

La pratique de l'essartage a été étudiée chez les Brou, riziculteurs de la province de Ratanakiri au Cambodge. La question du choix des emplacements est d'abord brièvement abordée, avec ses deux possibilités : l'extension d'un défrichement (müür) exploité au cours des années précédentes, ou la création d'un nouvel essart. L'organisation interne des défrichements repose sur la division des terrains à cultiver en bandes parallèles longues et étroites. Semailles et moissons sont réalisées d'une façon indépendante sur chacune de ces lanières, ce qui permet une répartition des différents types de paddy, auxquels on ajoute souvent des semences d'autres plantes. Par ailleurs, quand plusieurs familles sont associées pour l'exploitation d'un même essart, la division en lanières permet le calcul et la distribution des parts qui reviennent à chacune.
La vision de la forêt à Java (Indonésie)
Authors: Lombard Denys
Published: November 2019

Pour une bonne compréhension de l'histoire javanaise, il importe d'étudier les étapes majeures du recul de la forêt. La déforestation quasi totale est un phénomène relativement récent à mettre en rapport avec la dernière phase de la colonisation (XIXe-XXe siècles, création de la «Grande Route » de Daendels et importation du fer nécessaire aux défrichements). Avant cette date toutefois, la lutte contre la forêt connut deux apogées : à l'époque de Mojopahit (rôle des communautés religieuses) et à celle de Mataram (politique de Sultan Agung à l'égard des Kalang). Bien que la forêt ait à présent disparu du paysage, son souvenir se maintient au niveau des mentalités, aussi bien dans les lakon du théâtre d'ombres que dans les romans d'aventures dits silat, où les héros continuent d'avoir avec les forces maléfiques de l'espace forestier d'ambiguës relations.
Pemanfaatan Fitur Analisis Data Menggunakan K-Means Cluster Dalam Point of Sales (POS)
Authors: Supangat  , Amna Anis R.
Published: November 2019

Pemanfaatan big data untuk meningkatkan performa usaha banyak menjadi pembahasan penelitian akhir-akhir ini. Ketersediaan data yang mampu diakses secara cepat untuk mereproduksi informasi baru yang penting dalam pengambilan keputusan menjadi salah satu faktor kunci yang menentukan keberhasilan organisasi. K-Means cluster sebagai salah satu algoritma data mining dengan kemampuan pengelompokan data merupakan salah satu tools yang penting untuk melakukan hal ini. Penelitian ini akan membahas implementasi algoritma K-Means untuk menghasilkan informasi baru berupa klasifikasi kelompok produk berdasarkan data transaksi penjualan di masa lalu. Algoritma ini selanjutnya akan menjadi fitur pada Sistem Informasi Point of Sales (POS) yang dikembangkan. Dengan adanya fitur baru pada sistem informasi POS, diharapkan pemilik usaha dapat merencanakan jumlah dan waktu pembelian produk dengan lebih baik, mengurangi jumlah persediaan barang di gudang, dan memberikan keleluasaan bagi pemilik usaha untuk menganalisis permintaan dengan mudah.
Implementasi Algoritma Genetika dan Google Maps API Dalam Penyelesaian Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Window (TSP-TW) Pada Penjadwalan Rute Perjalanan Divisi Pemasaran STMIK El Rahma
Authors: Santoso Herdiesel , Sanuri Rachmad
Published: November 2019

Divisi pemasaran STMIK El Rahma memiliki permasalahan dengan penjadwalan rute kunjungan ketika harus melakukan perjalanan multi destinasi ke sekolah-sekolah untuk melakukan promosi. Perjalanan multi destinasi dengan mempertimbangkan waktu kunjungan merupakan permasalahan Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSP-TW). Algoritma Genetika merupakan salah satu metode pencarian yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan rute perjalanan yang optimal. Rekomendasi yang diberikan tidak hanya mempertimbangkan jarak tetapi juga waktu tempuh didapatkan menggunakan Google Maps API. Skenario pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian banyak generasi optimal, pengujian banyak populasi optimal, pengujian kombinasi probabilitas crossover (Pc) dan proabilitas mutasi (Pm), serta pengujian konsistensi solusi yang dihasilkan Algoritma Genetika. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa jumlah individu terbaik adalah 150 individu dalam satu populasi. Kriteria berhenti jika setelah 127 generasi berturut-turut didapatkan nilai fitness tertinggi yang tidak berubah dan kombinasi probabilitas crossover dan probabilitas mutasi yang paling optimal adalah {0.3 : 0.7}.
Klasifikasi Suara Tangisan Bayi Berdasarkan Prosodic Features Menggunakan Metode Moments of Distribution dan K-Nearest Neighbours
Authors: Prayogi Aditya Singgi , Rizqi Maulana , Fahrudin Tresna Maulana
Published: November 2019

Bagi orang dewasa suara tangisan bayi terdengar sangat mengganggu, apalagi jika tangisannya berlarut-larut. Karena tidak ada yang mengerti arti dari suara tangisan bayi. Dijaman sekarang yang serba otomatis pengenalan suara tangisan bayi dapat dilakukan secara otomatis menggunakan komputer. Jika suara tangisan bayi dapat diartikan secara otomatis oleh komputer maka dapat membantu orang dewasa mengenali kebutuhan si bayi dan si bayi bisa tenang dengan mudah. Pengenalan suara tangisan bayi secara otomatis dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem perangkat lunak komputer. Sistem tersebut dapat mengidentifikasi suara tangisan bayi menggunakan algoritma klasifikasi. Algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi adalah K-Nearest Neighbour. Untuk melakukan klasifikasi suara bayi perlu diubah menjadi data numerik yang dapat digunakan pada proses klasifikasi proses tersebut dinamakan ekstraksi fitur. Ekstraksi fitur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Prosodic Features. Setelah melewati proses ekstraksi fitur perlu dilakukan pengenalan pola untuk mendapatkan perbedaan pola antara satu data suara tangisan bayi dengan data suara tangisan bayi yang lain menggunakan Metode Moment of Dsitribution. Akurasi terbaik pada proses klasifikasi menggunakan data sampling Percentage Rate yaitu 76% dimana nilai K yang digunakan adalah 9. Sedangkan akurasi terbaik pada proses klasifikasi menggunakan data sampling Leave One Out yaitu 42% dengan nilai K yang digunakan adalah 5.