bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Damage in Zebrafish Induced by Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields: Insights from Comet Assay
Authors: Pawar Madhuri Gautam , Martin Reymend Encily
Published: February 2025

Increased exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs; 3 Hz–300 kHz) from sources like power lines, appliances, and industrial equipment has raised concerns about their potential biological effects. While high-frequency EMFs have been extensively studied, the impact of LF-EMFs, particularly on DNA integrity, remains poorly understood. Given the role of DNA damage in genomic instability and disease, this study investigates the genotoxic effects of LF-EMFs on Zebrafish DNA using the Comet Assay, a reliable tool for assessing genetic damage.
Our findings reveal a significant increase in tail length (27.27 ± 3.12 µm in exposed fish, 13.62 ± 3.81 µm in controls, p < 0.01), tail DNA content (74.035 ± 5.001% in exposed fish, 33.99 ± 3.36% in controls), and a corresponding decrease in head DNA content (25.96 ± 5.001% in exposed fish, 66.003 ± 3.36% in controls), indicating elevated DNA fragmentation. The increased DNA damage may be attributed to LF-EMF-induced oxidative stress, which leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS can attack DNA molecules, causing strand breaks and base modifications. Additionally, LF-EMFs may impair DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair and non-homologous end joining, reducing the cell’s ability to fix damaged DNA. Furthermore, alterations in ion channel activity and intracellular calcium homeostasis caused by LF-EMF exposure may contribute to oxidative stress, further compromising genomic stability.
These results highlight the genotoxic potential of LF-EMFs, emphasizing the need for further research to assess their risks and biological consequences.
The Role of Data Science in Improving Healthcare Access and Equity
Authors: Thadée KIMENYI , Florence UWINGABIYE , Asaph KIMENYI , Hervé NIAMIEN Koffi
Published: February 2025

The integration of data science in healthcare has transformed the landscape of medical decision-making, resource allocation, and patient care. Using big data, electronic health records (EHRs), and social determinants of health (SDOH), data science offers innovative solutions to identify healthcare disparities, optimize interventions, and enhance patient outcomes. Geospatial analytics and predictive modeling have proven effective in mapping underserved regions and forecasting disease trends, thereby enabling targeted policy interventions. However, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data interoperability, and privacy concerns remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Ethical considerations, including fairness in AI-driven healthcare models, require urgent attention to ensure that data-driven interventions benefit all populations, especially marginalized communities. This paper explores the role of data science in improving healthcare access and equity, emphasizing predictive analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning applications. The study highlights the necessity of diverse and representative datasets to mitigate biases in predictive models and promote equitable healthcare delivery. Furthermore, the implementation of fairness-aware AI techniques can help prevent discriminatory outcomes and improve trust in data science applications. By addressing these challenges, data science has the potential to bridge gaps in healthcare access, ensuring that technological advancements translate into meaningful improvements in public health. The findings reveal the importance of collaboration between policymakers, healthcare providers, and data scientists to maximize the benefits of data-driven healthcare. This paper advocates for a systematic approach to integrating data science methodologies into healthcare policies to create a more inclusive and effective healthcare system.
Assessment of Soil Fertility and Crop Suitability of Profiles in Ambach Village, Navsari District, Gujarat
Authors: Patel Tejasvini A. , Pawar S. L. , Italiya A. P. , Naik V. R. , Patel Mili
Published: February 2025

A study assessed the major nutrients, chemical and physical properties of soils in Ambach village, Chikhli taluka, Navsari district, Gujarat, using five profiles from which 26 soil samples were collected up to 100 cm deep. Ambach village lies between 20°73’50” to 20°70’88” North latitude and 73°20’66” to 73°23’71” East longitude, covering a geographical area of 606.06 ha. Soil colors ranged from dark brown (10YR 3/3) to yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4). Drainage varied from moderately to excessively drained, with textures from silty loam to heavy clay. Most pedons had medium sub-angular blocky structures, with bulk density between 1.25 g cc⁻¹ and 1.72 g cc⁻¹ (mean 1.46 g cc⁻¹) and particle density ranging from 2.09 g cc⁻¹ (PN 1) to 2.58 g cc⁻¹ (PN 4, mean 2.37 g cc⁻¹). Available moisture content was 3.23% to 16.57% (mean 10.57%), while hydraulic conductivity varied from 0.06 cm hr⁻¹ (PN 2) to 8.04 cm hr⁻¹ (PN 4). Soil pH ranged from 6.56 (PN 5) to 8.34 (PN 4), and electrical conductivity (EC1:2.5) was 0.08 dS m⁻¹ (PN 2) to 0.50 dS m⁻¹ (PN 5). The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) varied from 0.61 to 1.32 (mean 1.01), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 39.86 to 52.49 cmol(p+) kg⁻¹, with base saturation between 82.95% and 97.95% (mean 92.31%). Organic carbon levels ranged from 0.1% (PN 4) to 0.5% (PN 1, PN 2, PN 3). Nitrogen levels varied from 40.1 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 4) to 225.2 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 3, mean 141.0 kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus from 6.6 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 4) to 105.4 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 3), and potassium from 227.6 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 4) to 527.2 kg ha⁻¹ (PN 3). Available iron was high except in PN 4, zinc was medium in PN 1 and PN 2, high in PN 3 and PN 5, and low in PN 4, while all pedons showed high levels of available copper. The crop suitability evaluation in the study area indicates that kharif rice is moderately to marginally suitable across different profiles, with profiles 1, 2, 3, and 5 being moderately suitable (S2) and profile 4 being marginally suitable (S3). Sugarcane shows high suitability in profiles 1, 3, and 4 (S1), and moderate suitability in profiles 2 and 5 (S2). Sorghum is highly suitable (S1) across all profiles, while pearl millet is moderately suitable (S2) in profiles 1, 2, 3, and 5, and highly suitable (S1) in profile 4. For mango cultivation, profiles 1, 2, and 4 are moderately suitable (S2), whereas profiles 3 and 5 are highly suitable (S1).
One New Species of Thaxterogaster Subgenus Riederorum (Agaricales) from India
Authors: Bose Arunima , Chakraborty Dyutiparna , Datta Sudeshna , Das Kanad
Published: February 2025

The family Cortinariaceae is one of the dominant groups of mushrooms in the Indian Himalayas. Currently, this family includes ten genera, with Thaxterogaster being one of them. This study introduces a new species, T. thindii, collected from the state of Meghalaya, and provides an overview of its morphology along with molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Experimental Validation of Property Models and Databases for Computational Superalloy Design
Authors: Gaag Tobias , Weidinger Julius , Bandorf Jakob , Lux Valeska , Wahlmann Benjamin , Neumeier Steffen , Zenk Christopher , Körner Carolin
Published: July 2024

Computational superalloy development is a powerful alternative to the conventional experimental approach. Based on thermodynamic databases and the CALPHAD method, it is possible to estimate the properties of a large number of potential alloys and select the most promising ones. However, the accuracy of the databases and complementary property models can be unsatisfying. The accuracy of two mass density and lattice parameter models and the TTNI8 and TCNI10 databases is analyzed in detail on the experimental basis of computationally optimized single‐crystalline superalloys. Various properties are measured and compared to the results of the property models and databases. Neither of the databases is superior to the other and especially the solvus temperature is not accurately described in both. The new mass density model, a linear regression based on the molar mass, is more reliable for low‐density alloys. Both lattice parameter model versions slightly overestimate the room‐temperature  lattice parameter. The lattice parameter, however, is more accurately calculated using the new model version. The results of this study can be readily used to improve a multicriteria alloy optimization tool for computational superalloy design.
High‐Performance MXene/Carbon Nanotube Electrochemical Actuators for Biomimetic Soft Robotic Applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Ke , Ren Zhen , Li Lin , Chang Longfei , Zhang Chengchu , Wang Ranran , Li Bing , Wu Guan , Hu Ying
Published: July 2024

Ionic electrochemical actuators, which convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through electrochemical‐induced ion migration, show great potential in biomimetic soft robots. However, their applications are still limited due to the influence of the electrode materials and actuator performance. Here, an MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructural electrode‐based ionic actuator is developed and realizes dexterous touch manipulation mimicking humans. In this MXene/CNT heterostructure, one‐dimensional CNTs are chemically interconnected into layered two‐dimensional MXene nanosheets, increasing their interlayer spacing, promoting mechanical stability, and enhancing specific surface area, which facilitates the ion migration and storage as well as electrochemical actuation. Accordingly, the MXene/CNT actuator can output excellent mechanical deformation under 2.5 V voltage, including large peak‐to‐peak deformation (displacement 24 mm, strain 1.54%), wide frequency response (0.1–15 Hz), large force (5 mN) and good cycling stability. The actuators can be used to construct artificial fingers to achieve gentle, multi‐point, variable frequency, and synergistic touching on fragile smartphone screens, including pressing a phone number to make a call and tapping an electronic drum. Especially, this finger can tap the drum at a high frequency (13 Hz), exceeding the tapping frequency that real human fingers can reach, which demonstrates its prospect in human‐computer interaction.
Amniotic Membrane‐Derived Multichannel Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Repair
Authors: Sousa Joana P.M. , Deus Inês A. , Monteiro Cátia F. , Custódio Catarina A. , Gil João , Papadimitriou Lina , Ranella Anthi , Stratakis Emmanuel , Mano João F. , Marques Paula A.A.P.
Published: July 2024

In the pursuit of advancing neural tissue regeneration, biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates, offering potential solutions for nerve disruptions. Among these scaffolds, multichannel hydrogels, characterized by meticulously designed micrometer‐scale channels, stand out as instrumental tools for guiding axonal growth and facilitating cellular interactions. This study explores the innovative application of human amniotic membranes modified with methacryloyl domains (AMMA) in neural stem cell (NSC) culture. AMMA hydrogels, possessing a tailored softness resembling the physiological environment, are prepared in the format of multichannel scaffolds to simulate native‐like microarchitecture of nerve tracts. Preliminary experiments on AMMA hydrogel films showcase their potential for neural applications, demonstrating robust adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs without the need for additional coatings. Transitioning into the 3D realm, the multichannel architecture fosters intricate neuronal networks guiding neurite extension longitudinally. Furthermore, the presence of synaptic vesicles within the cellular arrays suggests the establishment of functional synaptic connections, underscoring the physiological relevance of the developed neuronal networks. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to find ethical, clinically translatable, and functionally relevant approaches for regenerative neuroscience.
Decoding the Impact of Molecular Configuration on High‐Efficiency Blue Hot Exciton Emitters
Authors: Feng Tingting , Zhang Jiasen , Liu Denghui , Li Wei , Wu Yujie , Fang Kaibo , Mu Xinlin , Liu Chunyu , Su Shi‐Jian , Ge Ziyi
Published: July 2024

Realizing highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on “hot exciton” emitters is crucial for the widespread use of purely organic electroluminescence. Herein, it is demonstrated that the radiative decay rate, modulated by molecular configuration, plays a vital role in determining the optoelectronic properties of hot exciton materials. The proof‐of‐concept isomers, TPA‐1IPCN and TPA‐3IPCN, and TPA‐1IANCN and TPA‐3IANCN are intentionally designed and successfully synthesized. By employing a novel donor–acceptor–acceptor (D–A'–A) molecular architecture, implementing a molecular isomerization strategy, incorporating diverse steric hindrance moieties, and strategically manipulating the positioning of functional groups, precise modulation of the molecular configuration can be achieved to enable accurate regulation of the radiative decay rate. Consequently, various optoelectronic properties, including photoluminescent wavelength, photoluminescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, packing mode in aggregated state, and molecular horizontal dipole ratios in films, undergo significant modifications. As a result, non‐doped blue OLED based on TPA‐1IPCN exhibits outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.3% with minimal efficiency roll‐off—one of the highest reported values for blue OLEDs based on hot exciton materials.
Dielectric‐Doped 2D Tellurium Diodes for Zero‐Bias Radio Frequency Power Detection
Authors: Palacios Paula , Askar Abdelrahman M. , Pasadas Francisco , Saeed Mohamed , Marin Enrique G. , Adachi Michael M. , Negra Renato
Published: July 2024

This work presents a 2D tellurium (Te)‐based diode that exploits the doping achieved by atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 to enhance its rectifying performance. The proposed device comprises a Schottky junction that is dielectric‐doped to significantly reduce the reverse bias current. A boosted current responsivity four times higher compared to that of undoped devices is achieved, maximizing the performance for radio frequency (RF) power detectors. The application measurement results demonstrate sensitivities as low as −45 dBm, and at −30 dBm RF input power outstanding tangential responsivities up to 6.5 kV W–1, 4.3 kV W–1, and 650 V W–1 at 0.5, 1, and 2.5 GHz, respectively, while reaching linear dynamic range (DR) of over 30 dB. These are the highest reported values for 2D‐based material devices by almost two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the DR is ≈10 dB larger compared to state‐of‐the‐art power detectors based on bulk semiconductors.
Spatial extent as a sensitive amyloid‐PET metric in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Farrell Michelle E. , Thibault Emma G. , Becker J. Alex , Price Julie C. , Healy Brian C. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Buckley Rachel F. , Jacobs Heidi I. L. , Schultz Aaron P. , Chen Charles D. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Spatial extent‐based measures of how far amyloid beta (Aβ) has spread throughout the neocortex may be more sensitive than traditional Aβ‐positron emission tomography (PET) measures of Aβ level for detecting early Aβ deposits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improve understanding of Aβ’s association with tau proliferation and cognitive decline.

METHODS

Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PIB)‐PET scans from 261 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study were used to measure Aβ level (LVL; neocortical PIB DVR) and spatial extent (EXT), calculated as the proportion of the neocortex that is PIB+.

RESULTS

EXT enabled earlier detection of Aβ deposits longitudinally confirmed to reach a traditional LVL‐based threshold for Aβ+ within 5 years. EXT improved prediction of cognitive decline (Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite) and tau proliferation (flortaucipir‐PET) over LVL.

DISCUSSION

These findings indicate EXT may be more sensitive to Aβ’s role in preclinical AD than level and improve targeting of individuals for AD prevention trials.

Highlights

Aβ spatial extent (EXT) was measured as the percentage of the neocortex with elevated Pittsburgh Compound‐B.

Aβ EXT improved detection of Aβ below traditional PET thresholds.

Early regional Aβ deposits were spatially heterogeneous.

Cognition and tau were more closely tied to Aβ EXT than Aβ level.

Neocortical tau onset aligned with reaching widespread neocortical Aβ.
Breaking the ‘culture of silence’: exploring therapist perspectives of culturally sensitive systemic psychotherapy in contested sociopolitical contexts – a Northern Ireland case study
Authors: Young Christiana , Mooney Suzanne
Published: July 2024

Recent national and international events have shone a spotlight on structural inequalities and institutionalised racism, igniting a contemporary struggle for equality and evoking the UK systemic community to affirm its commitment to social justice and anti‐racism. This article sets the scene by examining how systemic theory and research have historically addressed racial inequality and cross‐cultural practice, before describing a small but pioneering qualitative study which explored the practice of cultural sensitivity via in‐depth interviews with five experienced systemic psychotherapists in Northern Ireland (NI). While confirming some similarities with other UK regions, tentative but important nuanced differences emerged in the NI context given its protracted history of sectarian division, political conflict, and more limited immigration. Self‐imposed ‘silence’ with regard to one's own religious/cultural identity in the context of the NI political conflict emerged as a key theme, alongside therapist under‐explored Whiteness; theoretical paradoxes influencing therapist reticence; and perceived therapeutic benefits of exploring cultural differences and lived experience of racism. Study limitations and implications are discussed, identifying the need for further research and renewed efforts (in theory, training, and practice) to assist therapists to break the ‘culture of silence’ in their local sociopolitical context and address wider social inequities.
Amphoteric ionic polymer large temperature difference retarder for long sealing section cementing low‐density cement slurry: Preparation, application, and working mechanism
Authors: Jinhua Huo , Junwei Liu , Xu Liu , Jie Zhao , Shanjian Li
Published: July 2024

In this study, a novel amphoteric ionic large temperature difference retarder (marked with CLL‐1) was prepared by using functional monomer through aqueous solution polymerization method. First, the chemical structure and molecular weight of retarder CLL‐1 were obtained, and then the thermal stability of retarder CLL‐1 was investigated at the temperature range of 40–400°C, and the result shows that the retarder CLL‐1 has well thermal stability, which could be used to control the thickening time of cement slurry at higher temperatures. Second, the influences of retarder CLL‐1 on the settlement stability of cement slurry were studied by the density difference at the temperature of 150, 120, 90, and 30°C, respectively. Third, the thickening time of cement slurry samples with different retarder CLL‐1 adding amount was studied at the temperature range of 80–180°C, and the results showed that the retarder CLL‐1 can adapt well to the working conditions of large temperature difference cementing operations. Simultaneously, the compressive strength of cement slurry with different retarder CLL‐1 adding amount was obtained. Finally, the working mechanism of retarder CLL‐1 at large temperature difference was revealed depends on the methods of x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and TG.
Novel thiazolotriazole and triazolothiadiazine scaffolds as selective tumor associated carbonic anhydrase inhibitors endowed with cathepsin B inhibition
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rani Manishita , Giovannuzzi Simone , Raghav Neera , Supuran Claudiu T. , Sharma Pawan K.
Published: July 2024

The present research focused on the tail‐approach synthesis of novel extended thiazolotriazoles (8a–8j) and triazolothiadiazines (11a–11j) including aminotriazole intermediate 10. After successful synthesis, all the compounds were evaluated for their inhibition potential against cytosolic isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I, II), tumor‐linked transmembrane isoforms (hCA IX, XII), and cathepsin B. As per the inhibition data, the newly synthesized compounds showed poor inhibition against hCA I. Many of the compounds showed effective inhibition toward hCA IX and/or XII in low nanomolar concentration. Despite the strong to moderate inhibition of hCA II by these compounds, more than half of them demonstrated better inhibition against hCA IX and/or XII, comparatively. Further, insights of CA inhibition data of these extended analogs and their comparison with earlier reported thiazolotriazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives might help in the rational design of novel potent and selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors. The novel compounds were also found to possess anti‐cathepsin B potential at a low concentration of 10−7 M. Broadly, compounds of series 11a–11j presented more effective inhibition against cathepsin B than their counterparts in series 8a–8j. Moreover, these in vitro results with respect to cathepsin B inhibition were also supported by the in silico insights obtained via molecular modeling studies.
Enabling Si‐Dominant Anodes: Influence of Neutralization Degree of Polyacrylic Acid on Low‐Cost Micron‐Sized Silicon Anode in High‐Energy Li‐Ion Full Cell
Authors: Kloker Gabriele , Vrankovic Dragoljub , Arya Nikhil , Diemant Thomas , Anjass Montaha
Published: July 2024

Micron‐sized silicon is a promising low‐cost, abundant material to increase the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, significant volume change and therefore excessive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth lead to fast capacity fading. In this work, polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different neutralization degrees is used for the fabrication of Si anodes for practical applications. The electrochemical performance in full pouch cells reveals that the increase in neutralization degree of PAA up to 70 % enhances the overall performance by improved electrode properties, higher first cycle efficiency (FCE up to 78.1 % at C/3) and better capacity retention (85.4 % after 150 cycles at 1 C) over cycling, while with even higher neutralization degrees (such as 80 %) the performance declines. Since proper mixing of the slurry is another important factor, we optimized the mixing procedure by increasing the solid content of the slurry, which has shown positive influence on the electrochemical performance and electrode properties. To summarize, this work shows full cell 1 C cycling until capacity retention of 85 % after 150 cycles with pure Si microparticle anodes for 70 % neutralized PAA as well as increased C‐rate performance up to 5 C. Post‐mortem, less degradation on electrode and particle level is observed.
Dynamic change of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and its predictive value of prognosis in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Qian Kai , Hu Jie , Wang Chunyan , Xu Chunxiang , Chen Yanguo , Feng Qing , Feng Ya , Wu Yuncheng , Yu Xiaofeng , Ji Qiuhong
Published: July 2024

Objective

The present research aimed to explore the dynamic change of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and its relationship with functional outcome following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), whether receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or not.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data that were prospectively acquired from patients with AIS treated with IVT or not. For patients receiving IVT, the NLR was based on a blood test performed prior to IVT (d0) and at different time points after disease onset (d1, d3, d7). In addition, in the non‐IVT group, the NLR was obtained at different time points after disease onset (d1, d3, d7). Follow‐ups were performed 3 months after onset via telephone. In addition, a good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤1; a poor outcome means 2 ≤ mRS ≤ 6.

Results

A total of 204 AIS patients were included in this study. The NLR presented a dynamic change as it increased to its peak at day 1 and gradually declined to its baseline at day 7, no matter whether patients were receiving IVT or not. Patients with poor outcomes have a higher NLR at various time points. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), NLR d1, NLR d3, and NLR d7 were independently associated with functional outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of NLR in predicting outcomes was as follows: NLR d3 demonstrated robust predictive power within the IVT therapy cohort, whereas NLR d7 was predictive in the non‐IVT cohort. However, the most potent predictor emerged as the combination of NIHSS and NLR.

Conclusion

NLR has the potential to predicate diagnosis for AIS, especially when combined with the NIHSS score.
Assessing interventions promoting the uptake of cancer‐related genomic services within the Latino community: A scoping review using the RE‐AIM framework
Authors: Ramirez Leon Dayanna , Martinez Denise , Rivera Rivera Jessica , Fuzzell Lindsay , Vadaparampil Susan , Rogers Hannah , Gabram Sheryl , Snyder Cindy , Guan Yue
Published: July 2024

Cancer genomic services (CGS) can support genetic risk‐stratified cancer prevention and treatment. Racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to access and utilize CGS compared with non‐Hispanic Whites. Little research has described characteristics of interventions targeted at CGS among Latinos. This scoping review aimed to (1) describe interventions promoting uptake of CGS among Latinos in the United States and Latin America, (2) describe intervention adaptations for Latino participants, and (3) summarize intervention implementation factors suggested by reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework. We conducted a search in English and Spanish of literature published between 2005 and 2022 across PubMed and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases. Sixteen of 2344 papers met the inclusion criteria of the analysis. Efforts to promote CGS among Latino communities were limited in the US and lower in Latin America. This review highlights the need for in‐depth exploration of acculturation‐informed interventions and better reporting on implementation factors to enhance their scalability across diverse settings.
Magnetic field‐assisted electrocatalysis: Mechanisms and design strategies
Authors: Sun Yongwen , Lv Hong , Yao Han , Gao Yuanfeng , Zhang Cunman
Published: July 2024

Electrocatalysis has received a great deal of interest in recent decades as a possible energy‐conversion technology involving a variety of chemical processes. External magnetic field application is a powerful method for improving electrocatalytic performance that is customizable and compatible with existing electrocatalytic devices. In addition, magnetic fields can assist in catalyst synthesis and act on the catalytic reaction process. This paper systematically reviews the most recent developments in magnetic field‐assisted electrocatalytic enhancement technology. The enhancement of electrocatalysis by a magnetic field is mainly represented in the three features listed below: The spin selectivity effect improves the activity of the catalyst in a magnetic field; furthermore, magnetic fields can improve mass transport and electron transport in catalytic processes (due to Lorentz forces, Kelvin forces, magnetohydrodynamic [MHD], and micro‐MHD); the magnetothermal effect may raise the reaction temperature and boost electrocatalytic activity. This review focuses on the rational design of catalytic systems incorporating the interaction between catalysts and magnetic fields, aiming to produce enhanced catalytic effects. The recommendations for further utilization of strategies for electrocatalysis and broader energy technologies for magnetic fields, as well as potential challenges for future research, are also discussed.
Circular Use of Carbon and the Current Regulatory Framework: Enabler or Barrier?
Authors: Seifert Ulrich
Published: July 2024

Keeping carbon in the loop within the technosphere is a promising idea from a technical perspective when striving for climate‐neutral production. Reporting obligations for greenhouse gases have been focused on release into the atmosphere, often under the tacit assumption that any greenhouse gas (GHG) formed will eventually be emitted. Technologies that build on carbon capture face a situation where regulations are lacking terms to describe processes that produce or use carbon dioxide but do not release it. This work aims to highlight this situation and to provide suggestions to overcome some of the hurdles.
Highly Sensitive Two‐Dimensional Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites for Thermochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Han Ruijie , Yue Qi , Cao Yingjie , Wei Duo , Liu Xiaolin , Lin Jia
Published: July 2024

With the growing demand for high‐performance smart windows, the discover of a class of thermochromic materials with reversible cycling and rapid response characteristics has become urgent. In this work, we have uncovered a two‐dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) phase halide perovskite, (PMA)2MAPb2I7−xClx, where PMA=C6H5CH2NH3 and MA=CH3NH3, exhibiting exceptional reversible thermochromic properties. The 2D RP phase perovskite thin film features a low transition temperature (Tc=30 °C from the hydrated state to the hot state, along with a fast transition time of 40 s. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 times excess MAI significantly enhances the visible light transmittance of the hydrated state. Characteristic hydration peaks in X‐ray diffraction patterns and O−H bond absorption peaks Fourier‐transform infrared spectra are observed in the thin film in its hydrated state, which disappear in the hot state, validating its reversible thermochromic properties. Additionally, a solar cell based on the thermochromic 2D RP phase thin film achieves a power conversion efficiency of 2.31 %, offering a promising solution for advanced smart window technologies.
Drugs for diabetes first, then weight loss, now maybe AUD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), a medication for type 2 diabetes that has also been popular with people trying to lose weight because it decreases appetite, has been shown to reduce the desire to drink, which has raised interest in the use of the drug to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). A recent study, “Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real‐world population,” based on 83,825 patients with obesity, has found that these patients reduced their risk of AUD incidence or recurrence by 50%–56%. The study, published in the May issue of Nature Communications, found that consistent reductions were seen for a 12‐month period. The findings provide evidence of the potential benefit of these drugs, now commonly called weight‐loss drugs, to treat AUD, and the researchers (lead author William Wang, second author Nora D. Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse) have called for clinical trials.
US Military Veteran Perspectives on Eating Disorder Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Snow Jennifer L. , Siegel Sarah E. , Munro Lindsay F. , Huggins Joy , Hamilton Alison B. , Maguen Shira
Published: July 2024

Objective

We aimed to explore US veteran perspectives on eating disorder screening, diagnosis, patient–provider conversations, and care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Method

Rapid qualitative analysis of 30–45 min phone interviews with 16 (N = 16) veterans with an electronic health record ICD‐10 eating disorder diagnosis, who received care at one of two VHA healthcare systems in Connecticut or California. Topics covered included: conversations with providers about eating disorder symptoms, diagnosis, and referral to treatment; feedback about an eating disorder screener, and; reflections on eating disorders among veterans and VHA's effort to address them.

Results

Most veterans reported difficulty understanding and defining the problems they were experiencing and self‐diagnosed their eating disorder before discussing it with a provider. Treatment referrals were almost universally for being overweight rather than for an eating disorder, often leading veterans to feel misunderstood or marginalized. Overall, veterans were enthusiastic about the screener, preferred screening to be conducted by primary care providers, and noted that conversations needed to be non‐stigmatizing. There was consensus that VHA is not doing enough to address this issue, that group support and therapy could be beneficial, and that resources needed to be centralized and accessible.

Discussion

For the most part, veterans felt that, at best, eating disorders and disordered eating are overlooked, and at worst, conflated with overweight. The majority of veterans got referred for weight loss or weight management services but would welcome the opportunity to be screened for, and referred to, eating disorder treatment.
Insights into phylogenetic positions and distribution patterns: Complete mitogenomes of two sympatric Asian horned toads in Boulenophrys (Anura: Megophryidae)
Authors: Xiang Hongmei , Zhou Qiang , Li Wei , Shu Juan , Gu Zhirong , Jiang Wansheng
Published: July 2024

Boulenophrys sangzhiensis and Boulenophrys tuberogranulata, two narrow‐distributed toad species within the Megophryidae family in southern China, are experiencing population declines due to habitat loss and degradation. Despite their critical conservation status, the two species remain largely overlooked in public and scientific spheres. This study presented the first sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the complete mitogenomes of both species using next‐generation sequencing. The mitogenome of B. sangzhiensis was 16,950 bp, while that of B. tuberogranulata was 16,841 bp, each comprising 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a noncoding control region (D‐loop). The gene content, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rates of each mitogenome were analyzed. Both mitogenomes exhibited negative AT skew and GC skew with high A + T content. ATP8 exhibited the highest evolutionary rate, while COI had the lowest. A phylogenetic analysis based on 28 mitogenomes revealed two major clades of Megophryidae, supporting the classification of two subfamilies, Megophryinae and Leptobrachiinae. Within the subfamily Megophryinae, the genus Boulenophrys was divided into two species groups. Intriguingly, despite coexisting in Zhangjiajie City, B. sangzhiensis and B. tuberogranulata exhibited distinct origins from the two different species groups, underscoring the unique role of the coexisting area Zhangjiajie in driving their speciation and preserving their current populations. A parallel pattern was also identified in the Leptobrachiinae genus Leptobrachium within the same region. This study provided valuable data references and enhanced our understanding of the molecular characteristics of these threatened amphibian species.
Are Open Science instructions targeted to ecologists and evolutionary biologists sufficient? A literature review of guidelines and journal data policies
Authors: Koivisto Elina , Mäntylä Elina
Published: July 2024

Open science (OS) awareness and skills are increasingly becoming an essential part of everyday scientific work as e.g., many journals require authors to share data. However, following an OS workflow can seem challenging at first. Thus, instructions by journals and other guidelines are important. But how comprehensive are they in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology (Ecol Evol)? To find this out, we reviewed 20 published OS guideline articles aimed for ecologists or evolutionary biologists, together with the data policies of 17 Ecol Evol journals to chart the current landscape of OS guidelines in the field, find potential gaps, identify field‐specific barriers for OS and discuss solutions to overcome these challenges. We found that many of the guideline articles covered similar topics, despite being written for a narrow field or specific target audience. Likewise, many of the guideline articles mentioned similar obstacles that could hinder or postpone a transition to open data sharing. Thus, there could be a need for a more widely known, general OS guideline for Ecol Evol. Following the same guideline could also enhance the uniformity of the OS practices carried on in the field. However, some topics, like long‐term experiments and physical samples, were mentioned surprisingly seldom, although they are typical issues in Ecol Evol. Of the journals, 15 out of 17 expected or at least encouraged data sharing either for all articles or under specific conditions, e.g. for registered reports and 10 of those required data sharing at the submission phase. The coverage of journal data policies varied greatly between journals, from practically non‐existing to very extensive. As journals can contribute greatly by leading the way and making open data useful, we recommend that the publishers and journals would invest in clear and comprehensive data policies and instructions for authors.
Using rDNA ITS2 barcoding to identify kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) from the genus Mitragyna and Neolamarckia cadamba
Authors: Chen Meng‐Yi , Tu Yu‐Ching , Shyu Hsin‐Yi , Lin Ting‐An , Juan Chun‐Pai , Wu Fang‐Chin
Published: July 2024

This study collected 80 samples of suspected kratom plant powder. A polymerase chain reaction sequence analysis was conducted using two sets of DNA barcode primers for plant ribosomal (r)DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), namely, ITS3/ITS4 and ITS‐p3/ITS‐u4. Among the 80 samples, 40 were analyzed using the ITS3/ITS4 primer pair, and then DNA sequences were subjected to a National Center for Biotechnology Information–Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI–BLAST) comparison. Results showed that 29 samples had a 100% match (364/364) with Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), and 6 samples had a 99.73% match (363/364) with M. speciosa, whereas 5 samples had disordered and unreadable sequences. The 5 unreadable samples and an additional 40 suspected kratom samples were then analyzed using the ITS‐p3/ITS‐u4 primer pair, followed by an NCBI–BLAST comparison. Among these, 32 samples had a 100% match (404/404) with M. speciosa, and 11 samples had a 99.75% match (403/404) with M. speciosa. Among the samples with sequences matching M. speciosa, three distinct types were observed (no variance/404, 287M/404, and 287A/404). One sample had a 99.51% match (404/406) with Neolamarckia cadamba, and another sample had a sequencing length of 305 bp, with 25 positions showing mixed base pairs, indicating a mixture of different species. Analysis of the mixed base pair pattern suggested a possible mixture of M. speciosa and N. cadamba. Actually, M. speciosa and N. cadamba have very similar external morphologies. This indicates that the ITS‐p3/ITS‐u4 primer pair is effective in distinguishing mixtures of M. speciosa and N. cadamba and is thus more suitable than ITS3/ITS4 for identifying and analyzing samples of suspected kratom plant powder.
Fungal Enzymes for Saccharification of Gamma‐Valerolactone‐Pretreated White Birch Wood: Optimization of the Production of Talaromyces amestolkiae Cellulolytic Cocktail
Authors: de Eugenio Laura I. , de la Torre Isabel , de Salas Felipe , Vila Francisco , Alonso David , Prieto Alicia , Martínez María Jesús
Published: July 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant natural resource on earth, can be used for cellulosic ethanol production but requires a pretreatment to improve enzyme access to the polymeric sugars while obtaining value from the other components. γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) is a promising candidate for biomass pretreatment since it is renewable and bio‐based. In the present work, the effect of a pretreatment based on GVL on the enzymatic saccharification of white birch was evaluated at a laboratory scale and the importance of the washing procedure for the subsequent saccharification was demonstrated. Both the saccharification yield and the production of cellulosic ethanol were higher using a noncommercial enzyme crude from Talaromyces amestolkiae than with the commercial cocktail Cellic CTec2 from Novozymes. Furthermore, the production of extracellular cellulases by T. amestolkiae has been optimized in 2 L bioreactors, with improvements ranging from 40% to 75%. Finally, it was corroborated by isoelectric focus that optimization of cellulase secretion by T. amestolkiae did not affect the pattern production of the main β‐glucosidases and endoglucanases secreted by this fungus.
Perspective on eutectic electrolytes for next‐generation batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Zhang Yonghui , Fu Jie , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Changkun
Published: July 2024

The environmental challenges and growing energy demand have promoted the development of renewable energy, including solar, tidal, and wind. The next‐generation electrochemical energy storage (EES), incorporating flow battery (FB) and metal‐based battery (MB, Li, Na, Zn, Mg, etc.) received more attention. The flammable electrolytes in nonaqueous batteries have raised serious safety hazards and more unconventional electrolyte systems have been proposed recently. An emerging class of electrolytes, eutectic electrolytes have been reported in many batteries due to the facile preparation, concentrated states, and unique ion transport properties. In FB, eutectic electrolytes can significantly increase the energy density by promoting the molar ratio of redox active materials. In MB, eutectic electrolytes reduce the vapor pressure and toxicity, inhibit metal dendrites growth, and enlarge the electrochemical window. In this review, we summarize the progress status of different eutectic electrolytes on both FBs and MBs. We expect this review can supply the guidance for the application of eutectic electrolytes in EES.
Brain state dynamics differ between eyes open and eyes closed rest
Authors: Ingram Brandon T. , Mayhew Stephen D. , Bagshaw Andrew P.
Published: July 2024

The human brain exhibits spatio‐temporally complex activity even in the absence of external stimuli, cycling through recurring patterns of activity known as brain states. Thus far, brain state analysis has primarily been restricted to unimodal neuroimaging data sets, resulting in a limited definition of state and a poor understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between states identified from different modalities. Here, we applied hidden Markov model (HMM) to concurrent electroencephalography‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) resting‐state data, training models on the EEG and fMRI data separately, and evaluated the models' ability to distinguish dynamics between the two rest conditions. Additionally, we employed a general linear model approach to identify the BOLD correlates of the EEG‐defined states to investigate whether the fMRI data could be used to improve the spatial definition of the EEG states. Finally, we performed a sliding window‐based analysis on the state time courses to identify slower changes in the temporal dynamics, and then correlated these time courses across modalities. We found that both models could identify expected changes during EC rest compared to EO rest, with the fMRI model identifying changes in the activity and functional connectivity of visual and attention resting‐state networks, while the EEG model correctly identified the canonical increase in alpha upon eye closure. In addition, by using the fMRI data, it was possible to infer the spatial properties of the EEG states, resulting in BOLD correlation maps resembling canonical alpha‐BOLD correlations. Finally, the sliding window analysis revealed unique fractional occupancy dynamics for states from both models, with a selection of states showing strong temporal correlations across modalities. Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of using HMMs for brain state analysis, confirms that multimodal data can be used to provide more in‐depth definitions of state and demonstrates that states defined across different modalities show similar temporal dynamics.
Integrative gene expression analysis and animal model reveal immune‐ and autophagy‐related biomarkers in osteomyelitis
Authors: Shi Xiangwen , Li Mingjun , Ni Haonan , Wu Yipeng , Li Yang , Chen Xianjun , Xu Yongqing
Published: July 2024

Background

Osteomyelitis (OM) is recognized as a significant challenge in orthopedics due to its complex immune and inflammatory responses. The prognosis heavily depends on timely diagnosis, accurate classification, and assessment of severity. Thus, the identification of diagnostic and classification‐related genes from an immunological standpoint is crucial for the early detection and tailored treatment of OM.

Methods

Transcriptomic data for OM was sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, leading to the identification of autophagy‐ and immune‐related differentially expressed genes (AIR‐DEGs) through differential expression analysis. Diagnostic and classification models were subsequently developed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to examine immune cell infiltration in OM, and the relationship between OM clusters and various immune cells was explored. Key AIR‐DEGs were further validated through the creation of OM animal models.

Results

Analysis of the transcriptomic data revealed three AIR‐DEGs that played a significant role in immune responses and pathways. Nomogram and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed, demonstrating excellent diagnostic capability for differentiating between OM patients and healthy individuals, with an area under the curve of 0.814. An unsupervised clustering analysis discerned two unique patterns of autophagy‐ and immune‐related genes, as well as gene patterns. Further exploration into immune infiltration exhibited notable variances across different subtypes, especially between OM cluster 1 and gene cluster A, highlighting their potential role in mitigating inflammatory responses by regulating immune activities. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of three AIR‐DEGs in the animal model were aligned with those in the training and validation data sets.

Conclusions

From an immunological perspective, a diagnostic model was successfully developed, and two distinct clustering patterns were identified. These contributions offer a significant resource for the early detection and personalized immunotherapy of patients with OM.