bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astragaloside IV inhibits angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection formation by regulating miR-320a/matrix metallopeptidase 9 axis
Authors: Zhao Boxian , Shen Weiqiang , Zhu Cong , Yu Sheng
Published: May 2023

This study explored the role of miR-320a and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in aortic dissection (AD) formation. Aortic tissue diameter (LD) and medial thickness (MT) were measured after the AD model was established. Aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assigned into blank group,
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), which was treated with 100, 150 or 200 μg/mL and AngII group. Cells in the AngII group were added with MMP9 inhibitor (MMP9 inhibitor group) and mimics (MMP9 mimics group), followed by analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and target gene for miR-320a.
Aortic tissue diameter(LD) from the AD group was significantly higher and MT was lower than in the control group (p<0.05). VSMCs proliferative activity in the AS-IV group and AngII group was increased significantly (p <0.05), with lower activity in the AS-IV group than
AngII group (p < 0.05). After transfection, the VSMCs apoptosis in the AngII group was decreased (p <0.05). In addition, cell migration in the AS-IV and AngII groups increased (p <0.05), with lower ability in the AS-IV group than in the AngII group (p <0.05).
Alpha smooth muscle Actin (α-SMA) expression was elevated after AngII stimulation and decreased after AS-IV treatment (p <0.05). After AngII stimulation, miR-320a and MMP9 were upregulated (p <0.05) and downregulated by AS-IV (p <0.05). MMP9 is a
target gene for miR-320a. miR-320a and MMP9 expressions in the AS-IV group were significantly decreased, with lowest levels in the AS-IV-200 μg/mL group. In addition, MMP9 overexpression reduced the AngII expression. The expression of miR-320a/MMP9 axis was low in the AD, and activity
were increased after AngII stimulation. In conclusion, As-IV can relieve the occurrence of AD via regulation of miR-320a/MMP9 axis.
Curcumin nanocarrier carrying si-TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP) restricts development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Xuefeng , Jia Hongyan , Zhang Lei , Li Yang , Zhang Qiuxue , Lu Meng
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the role of curcumin nanocarriers carrying TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 HCC tissue samples and 30 normal liver tissues. TRBP level was measured in HCC. Disease-free survival (DFS)
and overall survival (OS) were calculated to analyze correlation between TRBP expression and diagnostic sensitivity of HCC. Survival factors were analyzed using cyclo-oxygen-ase (COX) univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The curcumin nanocarriers-loaded siRNA (si)-TRBP were transfected
into HCC cells during in vitro experiments to detect HCC cell proliferation and invasion, whilst flow cytometry measured apoptosis rate of cancer cells. TRBP was highly expressed in 60 HCC tissues and positively associated with diagnostic sensitivity of HCC, with lower DFS and OS in
HCC patients with higher TRBP expression, and FIGO stage and TRBP were indicated as risk factors for DFS and OS. High TRBP expression coexisted with increased HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, transfection of curcumin nanocarriers-loaded si-TRBP dramatically decreased cell viability
and invasion, downregulated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, while upregulating Bcl-2. Collectively, this study demonstrated TRBP is upregulated in HCC and curcumin nanocarriers carrying si-TRBP, significantly suppressing growth of HCC cells, providing a theoretical basis for treatment of
HCC.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a promising biomaterial for controlling root rot of Panax notoginseng
Authors: Ren Zhen , Li Qiuhua , Pei Yan , Zhang Yongfu , Chen Xiu , Zhong Yu , Huang Bo , Su Yuan , Xia Tiyuan , Yin Min
Published: May 2023

Root rot is a main disease in Panax notoginseng, which is severe and difficult to control. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to effectively prevent plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. However, the potential role of AMF as a biocontrol agent against root
rot in P. notoginseng is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of AMF, including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, individually and in combination, for controlling root rot in P. notoginseng seedlings.
The effect of different AMF on the indicators of P. notoginseng growth, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, proline, malondialdehyde, soluble sugars and proteins were measured. The effects of different AMF on root rot resistance were comprehensively evaluated using the subordinate
function method. The results showed that the incidence of root rot decreased from 75% to 12.5%–50.0% after inoculation with different AMF agents, and the disease index decreased from 22.92% to 6.25%–16.67%. Moreover, AMF significantly increased the growth parameters of P. notoginseng,
such as plant height (6.35%–41.73%), stem diameter (12.98%–45.96%), fresh weight (6.28%–95.35%), and leaf area (8.89%–97.71%). Moreover, AMF also improved the content of chlorophyll (2.40%–50.67%) and rate of net photosynthetic (52.08%– 279.17%), enhancing
superoxide dismutase (4.02%–114.89%) and peroxidase activity (85.60%–139.98%), as well as promoting the accumulation of soluble sugars (30.21%–90.00%), proteins (3.31%–65.81%), and proline (4.02%–114.89%) in the root and leaf, while reducing the malondialdehyde
content (19.99%–139.98%). Particularly, C. etunicatum was found to be the most effective in promoting growth and disease resistance in P. notoginseng. These findings provide insights into the potential use of AMF as an effective biocontrol agent to manage root rot.
Treatment activity of hydrogels loaded with cobalt metal–organic frameworks of urinastatin on sepsis acute lung injury
Authors: Wang Lin , Jing Jiahao , Zhang Chao , Ouyang Yanhong , Sun Dingwei , Wu Huazhi
Published: May 2023

The reaction of Co(II) salt with 5-tert-butylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (5-tert-H2IPA) and N,N′-bis(3-pyridyl) terephthalamide (L) in a mixed solvent of H2O and CH3CN affords a new coordination polymer [Co(L)0.5(5-tert-IPA)]n
(1). Based on the slow release of the drug, hydrogels loaded with Co(II) metal–organic frameworks of urinastatin were prepared. SEM images showed that the hydrogels had a highly porous morphology. Furthermore, the treatment activity of the hydrogels on sepsis acute lung injury
was assessed. ELISA detection results showed that the hydrogels significantly reduced the levels of the IL-6 and UL-18 released into the alveolar lavage fluid. The relative expression of the lncRNA NANCI in lung epithelial cells was also inhibited by the hydrogels in a dose-dependent manner.
Physiological effects of honey on cholesterol and triglycerides in albino mice with studying some physical-chemical characterizes and biological activities
Authors: Al-Eisa Rasha A. , Bushnaq Taqwa , Radhi Khadija , Hemdan Dalia I. , Sami Rokayya , Adnan Ashour Amal , Helal Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

The current research work aimed to evaluate some physiological effects of honey on cholesterol and triglycerides in albino mice by studying some of its physical-chemical characteristics and biological activities. Four groups of mice were fed with four honey varieties (nigella, moringa,
sidr, and pumpkin honey), at the rate of 1 mL honey/10 mL water. The results depicted that moringa honey reported the highest moisture content 18.55% followed by Nigella sativa honey 18.11%, while pumpkin honey reported the lowest value 17.02%. The protein content of honey varieties
varied from 4.99% (pumpkin honey) to 9.11% (sidr honey), and the pumpkin honey and sidr honey had the same ash value of 0.75%. The fat content of honey varieties varied from 0.09% (sidr honey) to 0.22% (pumpkin honey). The fiber content of honey varieties varied from 1.79% (sidr honey) to
2.13% (moringa honey). The carbohydrate content of sidr band moringa honey was 70.93% and 74.92% respectively. The honey acidity content followed this declining pattern, pumpkin (4.52%) sidr (4.17%), and nigella (4.06%). Regarding the total soluble solids content, the values were 81.15°Brix,
79.71°Brix, and 77.11°Brix for the pumpkin, moringa and Nigella sativa honey, respectively. The honey density ranged from 1.39 kg/L to 1.41 kg/L. It was noted that the highest (25.77 mm) and lowest (24.12 mm) inhibitions zones for Escherichia coli, were recorded by moringa
honey and pumpkin honey respectively. Likewise, the maximum (28.77 mm) and minimum (24.12 mm) Salmonella enteritidis inhibition was recorded in the moringa and sidr honey respectively; while the zone of inhibitions of Bacillus cereus values varied from 7.45 mm (sidr honey) to
12.75 mm (pumpkin honey). Furthermore, the greatest values for the very low-density Lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.84 mmol/L) and triglyceride (TG) (0.92 mmol/L) were detected in the mice fed with moringa honey; and the highest high-density lipoprotein value (HDL) (1.22 mmol/L) was detected in the
mice fed with pumpkin honey. In contrast, the control mice developed the highest values in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (2.57 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (2.66 mmol/L); while the mice fed with Nigella sativa honey and pumpkin honey reported the lowest value of LDL and TC values
of 0.62 mmol/L and 0.62 mmol/L respectively. These results indicated the functional effects of honey in lowering TC and LDL with an increase in HDL, VLDL, and TG compared to the control mice group. These findings revealed the usefulness of several varieties of honey in the food and pharmaceutical
companies.
Fulminant Overwhelming Necrotizing Vibrio vulnificus Sepsis Secondary to Oyster Consumption
Authors: Spector Chelsea L. , Hernandez Jennifer , Kiffin Chauniqua , Lee Seong
Published: May 2023

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria found in warm, low salinity waters. Transmission through open wounds or consumption of contaminated seafood can lead to wound infections, sepsis, and potentially death. A 44-year-old man with a history of poly-substance abuse, cirrhosis, and recent oyster consumption presented to the emergency department in June with acute onset bilateral leg pain associated with rash and fever. Within 6 hours of his arrival, the rash rapidly progressed to large bullae with extensive necrosis ascending to the level of the abdomen, and he developed septic shock. Despite prompt surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic and resuscitative therapies, the patient had progressive multi-system organ failure and died 7 days after admission. Concurrent necrotizing fasciitis with sepsis secondary to V. vulnificus infection is rare and potentially fatal, as demonstrated in this case.
Saddle Pulmonary Embolus and Simultaneous Common Carotid and Subclavian Artery Emboli
Authors: Hirsh Joshua D. , Burt Jeremy N. , Panchal Ramola M. , Endler Graham T. , Devalla Raviteja N. , Mitchell Marc E. , Villalobos Miguel A.
Published: May 2023

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in 27-35% of the population. Right to left cardiac shunts predispose patients to arterial emboli in the presence of venous thromboembolisms. Paradoxical embolus should be suspected in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and arterial emboli. A 45-year-old man with hypercoagulability and history of DVT presented with a week-long history of chest pain, shortness of breath, and left arm numbness. Imaging showed a saddle pulmonary embolus (PE) and emboli involving the aortic arch, left common carotid, and left subclavian artery. The patient proceeded with an endovascular thrombectomy of the pulmonary artery, followed by open thrombectomy. Echocardiogram confirmed a right to left intra-cardiac shunt consistent with a PFO. Paradoxical emboli are rare manifestations of venous thromboemboli in patients with right to left intra-cardiac shunts. Patients should be evaluated for these to help prevent further manifestations.
Predictors of Complications Following Bariatric Surgery for Adolescent Patients
Authors: Cheng Vincent , Grinberg Gary G. , Ashbrook Matthew , Silva Jack , Samakar Kamran , Yenumula Panduranga R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Bariatric surgery for adolescent patients has been shown to be safe but potentially underutilized. A better understanding of operative risk in adolescents may temper apprehension to its adoption. This study intends to examine the association between preoperative risk factors and complications following bariatric surgery for adolescent patients.

Methods

The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program databank (2015-2020) was queried for all adolescent patients (10 to 19 years). Only patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass were included. Multivariable regression examined the association between patient characteristics and complications.

Results

A total of 7785 adolescent patients satisfied inclusion criteria. The median age was 18 years, 1737 (22%) were male, and the median body mass index was 46. Of all patients, 6675 (86%) and 1310 (14%) underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively. Preoperative chronic steroid use was significantly associated with higher rates of leak (odds ratio [OR] 7.327, P = .009), bleeding (OR 10.791, P = .003), and reoperation (OR 7.685, P < .001). While Pacific Islander race was also significantly associated with higher rates of reoperation (OR 11.773, P = .039), Asian race was significantly associated with higher rates of bleeding (OR 14.527, P = .042). A history of gastroesophageal reflux disease was associated with higher rates of postoperative reintervention (OR 2.306, P = .004).

Discussion

Readily identifiable preoperative patient characteristics are significantly associated with higher rates of postoperative complications following adolescent bariatric surgery. Additional research is required to determine whether tailoring treatment based on these characteristics can improve outcomes.
The Experience of Pregnancy-Related Lumbopelvic Pain: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Buin Luciana , Joaquim Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian , Strong Jenny , Robinson Katie
Published: May 2023

Background. Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is common and can impact quality of life. Purpose. To synthesize existing qualitative research on people's experiences of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain in pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Method. A keyword search of four electronic databases between 2000 and 2022 was completed. Included studies were appraised and synthesized using a meta-ethnographic approach. Findings. Twenty-three studies were included. Analysis identified four core themes: (1) uncertainties about pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain, (2) struggles to attain achieve treatment and pain management, (3) profound activity consequences, and (4) emotional wellbeing, relationship, and identity impacts of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Implications. The occupational therapy role with this population has not to our knowledge yet been described. Given the centrality of occupational disruption to the experience of this population we argue that developing and evaluating occupational therapy interventions to address functional, work, parenting and wellbeing outcomes for this population is warranted and should be prioritized.
Middle East–South Asia Relations: Transregional Minilateralism Cemented with Bilateralism
Authors: Baba Gürol
Published: May 2023

The politico-economically uneven structure, fragile inter-state affairs and weak regionalism of the Middle East make it difficult to explain its interactions with South Asia within a single theoretical pattern. Neither interregionalism nor multilateralism could illuminate these interactions individually. This study merges recently popularized interaction schemes of minilateralism and bilateralism on a transregional basis to provide an eclectic and flexible conceptual framework to explain the patterns of Middle East–South Asia inter-state affairs. It argues that regardless of its weak regionalism and intra-regional power games, the Middle East, with these trendy interaction schemes, could still develop effective inter-state relations with South Asia. The study utilizes the empirical analysis method to interpret various levels and types of interactions between actors of various capabilities. In addition, it also uses case studies to produce a deeper context-dependent knowledge of Middle Eastern – South Asian actors.
Foreign Policy Choice or Domestic Compulsion? Maldives’ Deep Ties With Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ranjan Amit
Published: May 2023

This paper analyses how Maldives’ close ties with Saudi Arabia have affected its relations with other countries from Middle East Asia. Following the footsteps of Saudi Arabia, Maldives severed its diplomatic relations with Iran in 2016 and with Qatar in 2017. The paper discusses the economic investments Riyadh has made to develop civic infrastructure in the island nation. However, more than diplomatic ties and economic investments, close relations between Malé and Riyadh have affected the Island state’s society. There is a spread of religious obstructionism in Maldivian society, for which several outside scholars and Maldivians blame Saudi Arabia. Finally, the paper briefly discusses Maldives’ ties with Middle East countries other than Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Middle East -South Asia Relations
Authors: Ranjan Amit , Baba Gürol
Published: May 2023

The Middle East and South Asia can be defined as interlinked political spaces that experience deepening interactions of their energetic and ambitious regional powers together with the constant strategic competition of major global powers. This vibrancy has been relentlessly fuelled by the geo-economic/political/strategic, and humanitarian needs of these two regions’ actors. Since there are no regional groupings effectively representing the two regions these interactions are mostly minilateral or bilateral and are bolstered by historical, cultural and religious affinities. Yet, due to the relatively higher power status of the Middle East, these transregional interactions operate on an asymmetrical basis.
India’s National Role Conception and Relations with GCC Countries under Modi: A Focus on Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ashwarya Sujata
Published: May 2023

India’s conception of its peaceful role in international affairs, which evolved during the Nehruvian era, is not an end in itself, but rather a wholesome strategic choice consistent with its economic development and great power ambitions. Despite emphasising a radical shift in foreign policy, the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi deemed it essential to prioritise peace in international relations, particularly with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The Abraham Accords, involving the UAE and Bahrain, have created a new geopolitical environment that affirms India’s conception of security through peace and permits engagement in key areas while ensuring economic gains.
Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption on Human Development: Empirical Evidence From Asian Countries
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Khan Farah , Ozturk Ilhan , Noor Sameena , Yien Lim Chia , Bah Muhammad Maladoh
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of renewable energy consumption along with some other regressors namely income by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, foreign remittances, inflation rate, growth in population on human development in eight Asian countries (Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Japan) from 1995 to 2018. Based on the nature of panel balanced data, we employed the fully modified ordinary least squares and fixed-effects estimators for the empirical investigation. The empirical estimates exhibit that renewable energy usage, foreign remittances and real per capita income have substantial positive impacts on human development. In contrast, inflation rate and growth in population have negative link with human development in the sample countries. Empirical estimates reveal that renewable energy usage positively contribute enhancing human development. These findings expose that the availability and accessibility of renewable energy will not only improve human development rather will also help in accomplishing sustainable development goals. Empirical findings suggest that the management authorities need to allocate more budget in investment in renewable energy schemes and also create environment which facilitate by providing incentives to the private sector also for renewable energy production in the Asian countries.
Assigned sex estimation with the clavicle and scapula: A study in a Portuguese reference sample
Authors: Curate Francisco , Alves Inês , Rodrigues Tomás , Garcia Susana J.
Published: May 2023

The estimation of biological sex is a critical step in the assessment of the biological profile of an anonymous skeletonized individual. In certain recovery circumstances, the most dimorphic skeletal areas, such as the pelvis, are absent or fragmented; in that case, other bones of the skeleton, including the clavicle and scapula, can be used to predict sex. The purpose of this research is to generate new models for the estimation of sex with clavicular and scapular measurements using a study-sample of 129 individuals with clavicle (65 males and 64 females) and 112 individuals with scapula (50 males and 62 females) from the Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection (Portugal). A decision tree classifier (C4.5) and logistic regression (LR) were employed to create univariable and multivariable sex prediction models. Accuracy under cross-validation of the classification models is high (up to 93.8%), with minimal bias (<5%), particularly in the multivariable models. The proposed LR models facilitate the probabilistic estimation of biological sex, accounting for the significant overlap in the expression of sexual dimorphism.
Emotions and emotional reflexivity in undocumented migrant youth activism
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: May 2023

Emotions play a role in drawing people into activism and are a key dimension of activist experiences. However, although researchers have examined the political significance and ethical imperative of centring the voices and leadership of migrants in migrant rights struggles, there is limited consideration of how emotions are engaged in ways that inform, facilitate and challenge migrants in sustaining their activism. Through the case of undocumented youth activism in California, I explore how undocumented young people drew on practices of emotional reflexivity to navigate the complicated emotional register produced through activism as they reflected on their participation and trajectory through the undocumented youth movement. I suggest that the cultivation of storytelling spaces, cultures and practices within undocumented youth spaces supported and enhanced young people’s opportunities and capacity for engaging in relational practices of emotional reflexivity. These relational practices of emotional reflexivity supported young people to carve out expansive, dynamic and creative modes of activism that adapted to their shifting needs, circumstances and politics, while helping them to configure practices of care within the movement.
Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs: The Impact of Female Supervisors
Authors: Kellough J. Edward , Brown Lawrence A.
Published: May 2023

This article provides an assessment of the employment of women in STEM occupations in the U.S. federal government. Women are underrepresented in STEM fields in the U.S. federal service, but their levels of employment vary markedly between departments and agencies. Women also quit federal STEM jobs in disproportionately large numbers, compared with men, and compared with women in other professions, and they resign at varying rates depending on the department or agency. We examine the impact of the presence of women in STEM supervisory positions on these patterns using a two-staged instrumental variable model. Our findings suggest that larger proportions of women in supervisory positions in STEM fields may help to produce higher levels of employment of women, but the presence of women as STEM supervisors has no observable impact on the rate at which women quit STEM jobs.
Doing Housework in Context: Dyadic Analyses of the Division of Domestic Labor in Contemporary Couples
Authors: Nisic Natascha , Trübner Miriam
Published: May 2023

The persisting gendered division of domestic labor in Western societies remains puzzling. Beyond standard economic and normative explanations, more recent approaches emphasize affective, cognitive, and incorporated aspects of housework and the production, reproduction, and negotiation of gendered expectations via social interactions. However, the relevant indicators for these more implicit mechanisms are not routinely included in social surveys. Based on a unique set of items and a representative sample of heterosexual couples ( N = 1396) from pairfam (wave 10), we analyze the mutual effects of both partners’ enjoyment, quality standards, and reciprocally perceived competencies on the division of housework. Actor–partner interdependence models (APIM) are applied, which explicitly model the partner dyad. Both an actor’s own and their partner’s assessments of competences and preferences—and particularly men’s attributes and perceptions—prove to be powerful predictors of housework share. The results contribute quantitative evidence on processes of doing and undoing gender in context.
Tracheoesophageal fistula closure after staged dose-escalated radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Zhen Chan-jun , Zhang Ping- , Bai Wen-wen , Song Yu-zhi , Qiao Xue-ying , Zhou Zhi-guo
Published: May 2023

An esophageal fistula can be caused by an esophageal tumor as well as the surgery, radiotherapy (RT), or chemoradiotherapy used to treat the tumor. The most dangerous complications are massive hemoptysis and asphyxia. This report describes a 58-year-old man with a >1-month history of dysphagia and hemoptysis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a tumor in the upper esophagus and a tracheoesophageal fistula. Esophagography revealed a large lesion measuring approximately 8 cm in length. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an ulcerated tumor with raised margins originating 22 cm from the incisors, and histologic examination of a biopsy specimen indicated squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor was finally classified as stage IVA (T4bN0M0) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Massive hemoptysis occurred after the patient was admitted to the hospital. Therefore, we applied staged dose-escalated RT in three stages (6.0 Gy in 5 fractions, 7.5 Gy in 5 fractions, and 46.8 Gy in 26 fractions) to decrease the rate of tumor shrinkage brought on by RT and give the normal tissue enough time to close the fistula. Finally, the hemoptysis resolved and the patient’s symptoms were significantly improved. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed shrinkage of the tumor. In conclusion, staged dose-escalated RT can be applied for esophageal fistula closure.
Serial measurements of lymphocytes, D-dimer, LDH, and CRP do not improve the ability to predict COVID-19 adverse outcomes
Authors: Pulido-Arenas Jorge , Saa-González Daniela , Muñoz Oscar M. , Cañas-Arboleda Alejandra
Published: May 2023

Objective

We evaluated the discriminatory ability of variations in lymphocyte, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels at 48 to 72 hours of hospitalization compared with baseline measurements to predict unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

We analyzed diagnostic test results based on a retrospective cohort to determine the ability of variations (gradients or ratios) in patients’ lymphocyte, D-dimer, CRP, and LDH serum levels taken 48 to 72 hours after hospital admission to predict adverse outcomes such as death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit (ICU) admission developing.

Results

Among 810 patients (56.1% men, age 61.6 ± 16.2 years), 37.5% had at least one adverse outcome; 28.2% required ICU admission, 26.5% required mechanical ventilation, and 19.4% died during hospitalization. In comparing baseline measurements with measurements at 48 to 72 hours, D-dimer, lymphocyte delta, LDH, and CRP had similar discriminatory ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.57 vs. 0.56, 0.53 vs. 0.57, 0.64 vs. 0.66, and 0.62 vs. 0.65, respectively).

Conclusions

Measuring serum risk markers upon hospital admission can be used to evaluate risk of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Repeating these measurements at 48 to 72 hours does not improve discriminatory ability.
Interpretable Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Electric Vehicle Buying Decisions
Authors: Naseri Hamed , Waygood E.O.D. , Wang Bobin , Patterson Zachary
Published: May 2023

To address the problem of climate change emissions from the transport sector, many countries are promoting electric vehicles (EVs). To support such efforts, it is essential to know what influences the choice of an EV over a traditional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). To study this, a discrete choice experiment was developed, and 2,015 valid responses were gathered from Canadian adults with a driver’s license. In place of a more traditional analysis, a machine learning approach, XGBoost, was applied. However, two key issues were addressed with respect to its application. First, a practical question related to how best to split the training and testing data was examined. A new technique based on the Coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is developed that automatically determines the split that leads to the greatest prediction accuracy. The policy-relevant results of the analysis found that an individual’s Climate Change-Stage of Change (CC-SoC) and the price ratio of EVs to ICEVs are the most important direct influences. The interaction effect of the first two (CC-SoC and price ratio) is also influential. However, this leads to the second key issue: interpretability. Although high prediction accuracy (87.1%) was achieved, the black-box nature of the approach limits its policy relevance. As such, this research applied a technique, Accumulated Local Effects (ALE), that can determine the strength and direction of influence of the variable. This research demonstrates how machine learning can be applied to a policy-relevant question and provide information that is useful to policy decision makers.
Implementation and Evaluation of Primary Care Team Participation in Opioid Use Disorder Learning Sessions
Authors: Lutgen Cory , Callen Elisabeth , Robertson Elise , Clay Tarin , Filippi Melissa K.
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Previous studies show that some primary care clinicians do not feel equipped to treat patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study addressed the gaps in confidence and knowledge of primary care physicians and other participants (i.e., participants who were not physicians) in diagnosing, treating, prescribing, and educating patients with OUD through interactive learning sessions.

Methods:

The American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network held monthly OUD learning sessions from September 2021 to March 2022 with physicians and other participants (n = 31) from 7 practices. Participants took baseline (n = 31), post-session (n = 11-20), and post-intervention (n = 21) surveys. Questions focused on confidence, knowledge, among others. We used non-parametric tests to compare individual responses pre-versus-post participation as well as to compare responses between groups.

Results:

All participants experienced significant changes in confidence and knowledge for most topics covered in the series. When comparing physicians to other participants, physicians had greater increases in confidence in dosing and monitoring for diversion ( P = .047), but other participants had greater increases in confidence in the majority of topic areas. Physicians also had greater increases in knowledge than other participants in dosing and monitoring for safety ( P = .033) and dosing and monitoring for diversion ( P = .024), whereas other participants had greater increases in knowledge in most remaining topics. Participants agreed that sessions provided practical knowledge, except for relevancy of the case study portion of the session to current practice ( P = .023) and the session improved participant ability to care for patients ( P = .044).

Conclusion:

Through participating in interactive OUD learning sessions, knowledge and confidence increased among physicians and other participants. These changes may impact participants’ decisions to diagnose, treat, prescribe, and educate patients with OUD.
Assessment of Personality Disorders in Older Adults. A Practice Guide
Authors: van Alphen Sebastiaan PJ , van der Werff Sanne , Rosowsky Erlene , Segal Daniel L , Rossi Gina
Published: May 2023

Assessment of personality disorders (PDs) in older adults is a nuanced trade of its own. The aim of this practice guide is to illustrate gerontological assessment challenges using 3 case vignettes. We argue that it is important to pay extra attention to the influence of cognitive and medical (somatic) disorders on personality functioning in older adults during personality assessment. We also note that information provided by informants contributes added value to personality assessment. Personality assessment should be sufficiently age-specific to prevent overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis in older adults. Furthermore, given the reduced psychological or somatic capacity of some older adults, phased or sequential personality assessment is recommended. This should be focused on the assessment questions to be answered, for example starting with short general screening of personality functioning, followed by more in-depth exploration. Personality assessment should be kept as brief and simple as possible in terms of formulation of the items.
From Black Zionism to Black Nasserism: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Foundations of Black Anti-Zionist Discourse
Authors: Alahmed Nadia
Published: May 2023

This article explores the transformation of W.E.B. Du Bois’ viewpoint on Israel between the early and mid-20th century. It highlights historical and political forces that compelled him to support the Zionist project, especially Black Orientalism, and the connections between Black Nationalism and Zionism, connections between Black and Jewish diasporic experiences. Finally, the article reveals how Gamal Abdel Nasser and the connections between Pan-Africanism and Pan-Arabism he forged, and the Suez Canal crisis propelled a new era in the Black discourse on Israel, envisioning Israel as a neo-colonial state set to protect Western interests in the Middle East.
Large-eddy simulation of airflow dynamics around a cluster of buildings
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Naqvi Sahrish Batool , Azam Muhammad , Molla Md. Mamun
Published: May 2023

The wind flow around the buildings with different rooftops is studied numerically using large-eddy simulation (LES). The filtered Navier-Stokes equations in LES are used to compute the large eddies, whereas the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale (SGS) model calculates the small eddies. A turbulent spot method is applied for the synthesis of artificial turbulent fields at the inlet. In this separated and reattached flow, our aim is to analyze the wakes’ vortical structure along with the buildings of different heights and shapes. A large number of engineering applications involve precise predictions of the airflow around buildings to ensure performance and safety. To validate the numerical solver, a comparison is performed with the earlier reported numerical and experimental data. The turbulent flow characteristics are discussed in terms of instantaneous flow structure and time-averaged statistical flow quantities. All the cases are simulated for a Reynolds number [Formula: see text] to understand the turbulent airflow patterns. The flow shows a separable bubble at the leading edge of the rooftop of the building that leads to recirculation at the lee side of the first row of buildings. Due to the recirculation, the suction arises near the leading edge of the building to assure a continuous flow of air around the obstacles. Further, Reynold stresses show high momentum fluxes in the frontal region of the buildings.
Novel design, implementation, and performance optimization of inverters by considering the effect of modulation
Authors: Nedaei Mojtaba , Faccio Maurizio , Walsh Philip R , Rasul Mohammad G , Alain Bordas Stéphane Pierre
Published: May 2023

This research seeks to combine a comprehensive analysis of the literature regarding energy efficiency and inverters with an analysis of a configuration of a hybrid energy system including a generator, an inverter and a battery. The inverter's power output is analyzed under the influence of different distribution functions during a robust modulation procedure for achieving optimum energy saving. The modulation is tested on two processing machines independently: (a) an electric discharge machine, and (b) an injection molding machine. Based on the research methodology, problem formulations and the conducted analysis, a novel research software called “Inverter Pro V1” was programmed to analyze the estimations and performance of inverters in an energy system. An optimal levelized cost of electricity was determined given certain systems design and operating hours, and a sensitivity analysis was undertaken that identified a range of energy savings. In the sensitivity and optimization analysis, interactions among the primary decision parameters including the system's capacity, operating time, energy saving, cost of energy and payback period are investigated. It is also found that for each system, the inverter modulation categories with the optimum payback period belong to a modulation of inverter designed according to the Sawtooth function with a 45% duty cycle and switching intervals of 0.35 s. By considering the operating hours of 12.5 h per day, and the calculated system's investment cost of €31,782.158, the optimum payback period is estimated to be 1.7729 year. The study results are to inform policy with regard to assisting sustainable electricity production.
Improved control of integrating cascade processes with time delays using fractional-order internal model controller with the Smith predictor
Authors: Ranjan Anjana , Mehta Utkal
Published: May 2023

This article proposes an enhanced control of integrating cascade processes. The importance of the scheme shows by controlling a double integrating process with time delay under significant parametric uncertainties and load disturbances. A novel design is proposed based on the Smith predictor principle and uses a fractional-order internal model controller in the outer loop. The required fractional-order tuning parameter follows the desired gain and phase margins. At the same time, another tuning parameter, such as the fractional filter’s time constant, is calculated from the desired performance constraint. Numerical analysis and comparison are performed to showcase the feature of the hybrid structure. The simulation results show that the fractional-order internal model controller–based scheme provides enhanced tracking and faster regulation capabilities and works well under nominal and parameter uncertainty conditions.
Harmonic and synchronous compound control of a dual-valve controlled single-rod electro-hydraulic actuator
Authors: Wang Tianzhu , Zhang Qiang , Fang Jinhui , Wei Jianhua , Li Zhixin
Published: May 2023

This article presents a novel harmonic and synchronous compound control scheme based on the dual-valve parallel structure for controlling a single-rod electro-hydraulic actuator with high-precision control and large-flow requirements. Harmonic and synchronous compound control consists of an adaptive robust control layer and a control law allocation layer. In adaptive robust control layer, an adaptive robust control algorithm is designed to deal with the system nonlinearities and uncertainties via backstepping method. Meanwhile, dynamic surface control technique and “lumped flow” are introduced to solve the differential explosion problem and the multiple input-single output control problem. In control law allocation layer, the harmonic and synchronous compound strategy allocates the control law to two valves reasonably based on system flow and valve frequency characteristics. Furthermore, since the effect of the proportional valve dead-zone can be compensated effectively by combining the estimation of the dead-zone flow by adaptive term, the estimation error compensation by robust term, and the allocation method of control law allocation layer, improved tracking performance can be achieved. Finally, both simulations and experiments are demonstrated to illustrate the advantages of the proposed control scheme.
Beneficial effects associated to a healthy lifestyle in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vordenbäumen Stefan , Kleefisch Martin , Sokolowski Alexander , Düsing Christina , Richter Jutta G , Brinks Ralph , Schneider Matthias , Chehab Gamal
Published: May 2023

Objective

To assess whether a healthy lifestyle is associated to beneficial effects on various systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) health domains.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and smoking status were assessed by questionnaires, along with clinical parameters and various health domains including Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Score (SLEDAI), Depression Scale (CES-D), Fatigue Severity (FSS), functional status (FFbH), physical and mental quality of life (PCS, MCS). Lifestyle choices were assessed with respect to health domains by linear regression modeling. Additionally, SLE patients with a healthy lifestyle (MEDAS ≥ 4, ≥ 1 h sport per week, no smoking) were compared to those without by Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test.

Results

49 of 145 SLE patients (44.3 ± 31.7 years, 87.6% female) followed a healthy lifestyle and showed a higher physical quality of life (β = 4.5 (95%-CI 1.5–7.9) p = 0.01), lower depression (β = −5.0 (−8.2 to −0.2) p = 0.02) and lower fatigue (β = −0.8 (−1.5 to −0.2) p = 0.01) independently of SLE disease activity. Furthermore, dsDNA-antibodies were lower (146 ± 540 vs 266 ± 146 U/mL, p = 0.049). In a more detailed analysis, physical activity had the highest impact on the various health domains when compared to smoking or diet adherence, which was consistent even after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Each 1,000 kcal of weekly PAEE was associated to a 1.8 (0.9–2.6) point increase in the PCS ( p = 0.0001), a 0.2 (0.03–0.4) point decrease in the CES-D ( p = 0.01) and a 2.8 (1.2–4.4) point increase in the FFbH ( p = 0.0006).

Conclusion

A healthy lifestyle, especially physical activity is associated with beneficial effects including quality of life, depression and fatigue in SLE.
Lost in transition? Social justice and the politics of the EU green transition
Authors: Crespy Amandine , Munta Mario
Published: May 2023

Focusing on two key instruments, the Just Transition Fund and the Social Climate Fund, this article assesses to what extent the EU’s pledge for a ‘just transition’ has the potential to foster greater social justice while implementing the European Green Deal. We analyse the related objectives, policy tools and patterns of political conflict and find that both Funds have narrow objectives anchored in a reactive logic complementing existing social investment initiatives with a focus on reskilling the workforce hit by decarbonisation. Both instruments rely on multi-level investment aiming to generate green growth, combined with targeted compensation for the more vulnerable. This, we argue, is not conducive to a just transition that addresses the intersection of environmental and social problems in a holistic way. Finally, various political fault lines pose the threat that EU action will be insufficient to tackle exacerbated inequalities in the future.
Clinical uses and safety concerns of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with a focus on novel drugs: A narrative review
Authors: Boskabadi Seyyed Javad , Dashti Ayat , Karevan Sara , Kargar-Soleimanabad Saeed , Salehifar Ebrahim
Published: May 2023

Objective:To review the safety issues surrounding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), specifically, hematological adverse effects, cardiovascular issues, renal adverse effects and nephrotoxicity, endocrine system adverse effects, concerns related to the reproductive system, dermatological and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Data Sources: A literature search was performed through Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Food and Drug Administration. Data Summary: Several safety issues have been raised following the use of TKIs. Most TKIs show hematological side effects. Considering cardiovascular toxicities, as opposed to imatinib which is relatively safe, new-generation TKIs may be associated with severe cardiovascular side effects. Both acute and chronic renal failure were reported with TKIs such as gefitinib, imatinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and sunitinib. Many endocrine adverse effects have been reported including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (with lorlatinib) and thyroid dysfunction (with dasatinib). TKIs may interfere with fetus implantation, growth, and gonadal development. Females receiving TKIs and encountering unwanted pregnancy may have a normal pregnancy, miscarriage, or an abnormality in the fetus. Skin toxicity has been identified as the most debilitating adverse effect in patients receiving EGFR-TKI. Gastrointestinal side effects are common with TKIs. Diarrhea was the most frequently reported adverse effect of many TKIs. Conclusions: TKIs are increasingly taking up a critical role in the treatment of cancers due to their specific action toward malignant cells compared to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite a dramatic improvement in the survival of patients with cancer following approval of TKIs, various early and late adverse effects were reported.
Is a Robot Barista Better Than a Human Barista? A Moderating Role of Type of Service Providers
Authors: Hwang Jinsoo , Jenny Kim Jinkyung , Young (Jacey) Choe Ja , Markham Kim Heather
Published: May 2023

The effects of various coffee shop attributes on customer satisfaction and brand-related outcomes were investigated. In addition, the moderating role of different service providers (human barista vs. robot barista) was explored. This study found that coffee quality, employee service, physical environment, price, and location, positively affect customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction has a positive influence on brand attitude and brand identification which, in turn, positively affect brand loyalty. Lastly, the type of service providers played a moderating role in the relationship between (1) coffee quality and customer satisfaction and (2) price and customer satisfaction.
Beyond Colorblindness in Advertising Education: Multiculturalism and Advertising Pedagogy Since the 2020 Racial Reckoning
Authors: Norman Mario V. , McFarlane-Alvarez Susan
Published: May 2023

Following the protests and racial reckoning of 2020, advertisers renewed their focus on the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), as part of their everyday operations. Several recent examples point to brand equity erosion, or escalation of negative consumer responses, resulting from advertisers missing the mark in their efforts to market to these lucrative, diverse markets. In times of heightened sensitivity to DEI efforts, the once accepted, and possibly well-intentioned strategic defense of colorblindness, or “I don’t see color” approach fails to recognize the continuing significance and deepening ramification of social biases. Sue and Sue’s (2016) cultural competence framework in multicultural education may serve as a solution to combat these biases. Recognizing the need for advertising faculty to make direct links among multiculturalism in the classroom, diversity in industry hiring practices, and authenticity in diverse representation within advertising messages, this paper confronts colorblindness and examine specific pedagogical strategies.