bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gaertner Zachary , Oram Cameron , Schneeweis Amanda , Schonfeld Elan , Bolduc Cyril , Chen Chuyu , Dombeck Daniel , Parisiadou Loukia , Poulin Jean Francois , Awatramani Rajeshwar
Published: November 2024

Several studies have revealed that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, even within a single neuroanatomical area, display heterogeneous properties. In parallel, studies using single cell profiling techniques have begun to cluster DA neurons into subtypes based on their molecular signatures. Recent work has shown that molecularly defined DA subtypes within the substantia nigra (SNc) display distinctive anatomic and functional properties, and differential vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on these provocative results, a granular understanding of these putative subtypes and their alterations in PD models, is imperative. We developed an optimized pipeline for single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and generated a high-resolution hierarchically organized map revealing 20 molecularly distinct DA neuron subtypes belonging to three main families. We integrated this data with spatial MERFISH technology to map, with high definition, the location of these subtypes in the mouse midbrain, revealing heterogeneity even within neuroanatomical sub-structures. Finally, we demonstrate that in the preclinical LRRK2
G2019S
knock-in mouse model of PD, subtype organization and proportions are preserved. Transcriptional alterations occur in many subtypes including those localized to the ventral tier SNc, where differential expression is observed in synaptic pathways, which might account for previously described DA release deficits in this model. Our work provides an advancement of current taxonomic schemes of the mouse midbrain DA neuron subtypes, a high-resolution view of their spatial locations, and their alterations in a prodromal mouse model of PD.
HIF1A contributes to the survival of aneuploid and mosaic pre-implantation embryos
Authors: Sanchez-Vasquez Estefania , Bronner Marianne E , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Human fertility is suboptimal, partly due to error-prone divisions in early cleavage-stages that result in aneuploidy. Most human pre-implantation are mosaics of euploid and aneuploid cells, however, mosaic embryos with a low proportion of aneuploid cells have a similar likelihood of developing to term as fully euploid embryos. How embryos manage aneuploidy during development is poorly understood. This knowledge is crucial for improving fertility treatments and reducing developmental defects. To explore these mechanisms, we established a new mouse model of chromosome mosaicism to study the fate of aneuploid cells during pre-implantation development. We previously used the Mps1 inhibitor reversine to generate aneuploidy in embryos. Here, we found that treatment with the more specific Mps1 inhibitor AZ3146 induced chromosome segregation defects in pre-implantation embryos, similar to reversine. However, AZ3146- treated embryos showed a higher developmental potential than reversine-treated embryos. Unlike reversine-treated embryos, AZ3146-treated embryos exhibited transient upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible-Factor-1A (HIF1A) and lacked p53 upregulation. Pre-implantation embryos develop in a hypoxic environment
in vivo
, and hypoxia exposure
in vitro
reduced DNA damage in response to Mps1 inhibition and increased the proportion of euploid cells in the mosaic epiblast. Inhibiting HIF1A in mosaic embryos also decreased the proportion of aneuploid cells in mosaic embryos. Our work illuminates potential strategies to improve the developmental potential of mosaic embryos.
Coordinated Tbx3 / Tbx5 transcriptional control of the adult ventricular conduction system
Authors: Burnicka-Turek Ozanna , Trampel Katy A , Laforest Brigitte , Broman Michael T , Khan Zoheb , Rytkin Eric , Li Binjie , Schaffer Ella , Gadek Margaret , Shen Kaitlyn M , Efimov Igor R , Moskowitz Ivan P
Published: November 2024

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) orchestrates the electrical impulses that enable coordinated contraction of the cardiac chambers. The T-box transcription factors
TBX3
and
TBX5
are required for cardiac conduction system development and associated with overlapping and distinct human cardiac conduction system diseases. We evaluated the coordinated role of
Tbx3
and
Tbx5
in the murine ventricular conduction system (VCS). We engineered a compound
Tbx3:Tbx5
conditional knockout allele for both genes located in
cis
on mouse chromosome 5. Conditional deletion of both T-box transcriptional factors in the ventricular conduction system, using the VCS-specific
Mink:Cre,
caused loss of VCS function and molecular identity. Combined
Tbx3
and
Tbx5
deficiency in the adult VCS led to conduction defects, including prolonged PR and QRS intervals and elevated susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia. These electrophysiologic defects occurred prior to detectable alterations in cardiac contractility or histologic morphology, indicative of a primary conduction system defect.
Tbx3:Tbx5
double knockout VCS cardiomyocytes revealed a transcriptional shift towards non-CCS-specialized working myocardium, suggesting reprogramming of their cellular identity. Furthermore, optical mapping revealed a loss of VCS-specific conduction system propagation. Collectively, these findings indicate that
Tbx3
and
Tbx5
coordinate to control VCS molecular fate and function, with implications for understanding cardiac conduction disorders in humans.
Increased bone inflammation in type 2 diabetes and obesity correlates with Wnt signaling downregulation and reduced bone strength
Authors: Leanza Giulia , Faraj Malak , Cannata Francesca , Viola Viola , Pellegrini Niccolò , Tramontana Flavia , Pedone Claudio , Vadalà Gianluca , Piccoli Alessandra , Strollo Rocky , Zalfa Francesca , Civitelli Roberto , Maccarrone Mauro , Papalia Rocco , Napoli Nicola
Published: November 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity (OB) are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and increased fracture risk.
In vitro
studies showed that inflammation induces bone erosion and inhibits bone formation by increasing Wnt canonical pathway inhibitors. However, the impact of inflammation on Wnt pathway regulation and bone quality in T2D and OB remains unclear. To this end, we studied 63 postmenopausal women (age >65 years) undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis. Among these women, 19 had T2D and OB (HbA1c 6.8±0.79%; BMI 29.9±5.2 kg/m2), 17 had OB but they were normoglycemic (BMI 32.5±5.4 kg/m2), and 27 served as controls (BMI 23.1±5.5 kg/m2). Serum inflammatory cytokines by automated immunoassay (ELLA), revealed higher TNF-α (p=0.0084) and lower adiponectin (p=0.0402) in T2D, and higher IL-6 (p=0.0003) levels in OB vs controls. Gene expression analysis of trabecular bone showed increased TNF-α (p=0.0019) and SFRP5 (p=0.0084) in T2D vs controls. IL-10 was lower in both T2D (p=0.0285), and OB (p=0.0324), while adiponectin (ADIPOQ) was only lower in T2D (p=0.0041) vs controls. Interestingly, the Wnt inhibitor SOST was higher in T2D (p<0.0001) and OB (p<0.0001) vs controls. Conversely, WNT10B mRNA levels were lower in T2D (p=0.0071) and in OB (p=0.0196) vs controls, while LEF-1 were only lower in T2D (p=0.0009). WNT5A (p=0.0025) and GSK3β (p=0.0003) mRNA levels were higher only T2D vs controls. Importantly, TNF-α mRNA levels positively correlated with SOST (r=0.5121, p=0.0002), WNT5A (r=0.3227, p=0.0396) and GSK3β (r=0.3789, p=0.0146) mRNA levels, but negatively correlated with WNT10B (r=0.3844, p=0.0188) and LEF-1(r=-0.3310, p=0.0322) mRNA levels. Conversely, IL-10 was negatively correlated with SOST mRNA levels (r=0.3100, p=0.0457). ADIPOQ was negatively correlated with SOST (r=-0.3864, p=0.0105) and WNT5A (r=-0.3025, p=0.0515) mRNA levels. Moreover, SFRP5 was negatively correlated with LEF-1 mRNA levels (r=0.3991, p=0.0131). Finally, serum levels of TNF-α (r=-0.3473, p=0.0352) and IL-6 (r=-0.3777, p=0.0302) negatively correlated with Young’s Modulus, an index of bone strength. These findings suggest that increased inflammation in bone of subjects with T2D and obesity is negatively associated with Wnt pathway and bone strength, shedding light on pathophysiology of bone impairment in T2D and obesity.
Cdhr1a and pcdh15b link photoreceptor outer segments with inner segment calyceal processes revealing a potential mechanism for cone-rod dystrophy
Authors: Patel Meet K , Piedade Warlen , Famulski Jakub K
Published: November 2024

Cone rod dystrophy (CRD) is a macular degeneration disorder characterized by initial cone cell photoreceptor degeneration and subsequently of rod photoreceptors. Mutations in CDHR1, a photoreceptor specific cadherin have been found to be associated with the incidence of cone-rod dystrophy and recapitulated in mouse CDHR1 knockouts. However, the molecular function of CDHR1 remains unknown. CDHR1 has been shown to localize at the leading edge of murine rod nascent outer segment (OS) making junctions to an unknown partner in the inner segment. Using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), we observed that the localization of zebrafish cdhr1a extends from basal nascent OS discs above the periciliary ridge of the inner segment to a considerable length along the OS, akin to calyceal process (CPs). When labeling the CPs using pcdh15b, a CP specific cadherin, we observed that cdhr1a at the leading edge of OS juxtaposes with pcdh15b in the CP. Similar localization patterns were detected in human, macaque, xenopus, ducks, and various rodent PRCs indicating conservation. Importantly, using immunoprecipitation and K652 cell aggregation assays we demonstrate that pcdh15b and cdhr1a can interact and potentially link the OS and CP. To analyze the consequences of OS-CP interactions in CRD, we established a zebrafish
cdhr1a
mutant line (

cdhr1a
fs*146

) and analyzed CRD progression at high temporal resolution. Homozygous

cdhr1a
fs*146

mutants begin to exhibit minor cone OS morphology defects starting at 15 dpf (days post fertilization) and severe OS disruption and cell loss by 3 months. Rod OS defects were delayed until 3-6 months. Furthermore, we show that loss of cdhr1a function leads to disorganization and shortening of CPs coinciding with cone outer OS defects which is significantly exacerbated when combined with the loss of pcdh15b. In conclusion, we propose that cdhr1a and pcdh15b function to link cone OSs with CPs to maintain proper OS homeostasis thus revealing a potential novel mechanism for CRD.
Modulation of RNA processing genes during sleep-dependent memory
Authors: Li Yongjun , Chouhan Nitin S , Zhang Shirley , Moore Rebecca S , Noya Sara B , Shon Joy , Yue Zhifeng , Sehgal Amita
Published: November 2024

Memory consolidation in
Drosophila
can be sleep-dependent or sleep-independent, depending on the availability of food. The anterior posterior (ap) alpha′/beta′ (α′/β′) neurons of the mushroom body (MB) are required for sleep-dependent memory consolidation in flies fed after training. These neurons are also involved in the increase of sleep after training, suggesting a coupling of sleep and memory. To better understand the mechanisms underlying sleep and memory consolidation initiation, we analyzed the transcriptome of ap α′/β′ neurons one hour after appetitive memory conditioning. A small number of genes, enriched in RNA processing functions, were differentially expressed in flies fed after training relative to trained and starved flies or untrained flies. Knockdown of each of these differentially expressed genes in the ap α′/β′ neurons revealed notable sleep phenotypes for Polr1F and Regnase-1, both of which decrease in expression after conditioning. Knockdown of Polr1F, a regulator of ribosome RNA transcription, in adult flies promotes sleep and increases pre-ribosome RNA expression as well as overall translation, supporting a function for Polr1F downregulation in sleep-dependent memory. Conversely, while constitutive knockdown of Regnase-1, an mRNA decay protein localized to the ribosome, reduces sleep, adult specific knockdown suggests that effects of Regnase-1 on sleep are developmental in nature. We further tested the role of each gene in memory consolidation. Knockdown of Polr1F does not affect memory, which may be expected from its downregulation during memory consolidation. Regnase-1 knockdown in ap α′/β′ neurons impairs all memory, including short-term, implicating Regnase-1 in memory, but leaving open the question of why it is downregulated during sleep-dependent memory. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the expression of RNA processing genes is modulated during sleep-dependent memory and, in the case of Polr1F, this modulation likely contributes to increased sleep.
Microbiota from young mice counteracts susceptibility to age-related gout through modulating butyric acid levels in aged mice
Authors: Song Ning , Gao Hang , Li Jianhao , Liu Yi , Wang Mingze , Ma Zhiming , Zhang Naisheng , Zhang Wenlong
Published: November 2024

Gout is a prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs due to high levels of uric acid in the blood leading to the formation of urate crystals in and around the joints, particularly affecting the elderly. Recent research has provided evidence of distinct differences in the gut microbiota of patients with gout and hyperuricemia when compared to healthy individuals. However, the link between gut microbiota and age-related gout remained underexplored. Our study found that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in determining susceptibility to age-related gout. Specifically, we observed that age-related gut microbiota regulated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and modulated uric acid metabolism. More scrutiny highlighted the positive impact of "younger" microbiota on the gut microbiota structure of old or aged mice, enhancing butanoate metabolism and butyric acid content. Experimentation with butyrate supplementation indicated that butyric acid exerts a dual effect, inhibiting inflammation in acute gout and reducing serum uric acid levels. These insights emphasize the potential of gut microbiome rejuvenation in mitigating senile gout, unraveling the intricate dynamics between microbiota, aging, and gout. It potentially serves as a therapeutic target for senile gout-related conditions.
A transformer-based framework for enterprise sales forecasting
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Li Tian
Published: November 2024

Sales forecasting plays an important role in business operations as it impacts decisions on inventory management, allocation of resources, and financial planning. Accurate sales predictions are essential for optimizing cash flow management, adapting marketing and sales strategies, and facilitating strategic planning. This study presents a computational framework for predicting business sales using transformers, which are considered one of the most powerful deep learning architectures. The design of our model is specifically tailored to accommodate tabular data with low dimensions. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method surpasses conventional machine learning models, achieving reduced mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), as well as higher R2 values of nearly 0.95. The results confirmed that the model is applicable not only to this research but also to similar studies that use low-dimensional tabular data. The improved accuracy and stability of our model demonstrate its potential as a useful tool for enhancing sales prediction, therefore facilitating more informed decision-making and strategic planning in corporate operations.
Digital transformation in financial and economic engineering: tools, challenges and opportunities for business management
Authors: Guerrero-Martin Camilo Andrés , Guerrero William Alberto , Camacho-Galindo Stefanny , Guerrero-Martin Laura Estefanía , Arévalo John Carlos , Fernandes Fernando Antônio da Silva , Correa Edinelson Saldanha , Moura Thiago Rafael da Silva
Published: November 2024

Digital transformation is redefining financial and economic engineering, according to a survey of industry experts and executives. The findings indicate that digitization has significantly improved operational efficiency and the ability to make data-driven decisions, reducing costs and increasing financial transparency. Case studies such as Grupo Argos, Ecopetrol and Organización Corona exemplify how effective digital transformation strategies, such as the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, optimize financial management and promote sustainability. However, the research also points to significant challenges, such as resistance to change and budgetary constraints to implement new technologies. These challenges highlight the need for sound change management strategies and adequate resource allocation. Overall, digital transformation is crucial to maintain competitiveness and adapt to a constantly evolving market, underlining the importance of a comprehensive digital strategy and continuous staff training.
Correlation of Vertebral Column Length and Abdominal Circumference with Subarachnoid Block Characteristics of Hyperbaric Ropivacaine for Infraumbilical Surgeries: A Single-arm Interventional Study
Authors: Bala Manju , Kumar Pravesh , Chhikara Monica , Seelwal Deepika , Gehlaut Preeti
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is a neuraxial anaesthesia technique used for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The spread of the intrathecally administered local anaesthetic drug during spinal anaesthesia may be affected by many factors. Aim: To evaluate the correlation between abdominal girth and vertebral column length with the intrathecal spread of hyperbaric ropivacaine. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-arm interventional study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at Pt. BDS PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India from November 2022 to March 2024. A total of 100 patients of either sex, aged between 20 and 60 years, scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries under Subarachnoid Block (SAB), were included in this single-arm intervention study. Abdominal girth and vertebral column length of the enrolled patients were measured in sitting position. SAB was administered with 3 mL of 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine. Sensory and motor block assessments were conducted after the block. The highest sensory block level, time taken to achieve the highest sensory block level and Bromage score of 3, the time taken for two-segment regression and regression to Bromage score of 0 were recorded. Haemodynamic parameters and any complications were noted. Data was compiled and the correlation of vertebral column length and abdominal circumference with sensory and motor block characteristics was analysed at the end of the study. The Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine correlation and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 100 patients included in the study, 81% were male and 19% were female. The mean age, weight and height of the patients were 36 years, 67 kg and 169 cm, respectively. The mean vertebral column length and abdominal circumference of the patients were 61 cm and 83 cm. Abdominal circumference was significantly correlated with the maximum sensory level (the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.680 with a p-value <0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between vertebral column length and the maximum sensory level achieved (the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.75 with a p-value of 0.06). The time to achieve maximum sensory and motor levels and the time to regress from the maximum block level were also not correlated with abdominal circumference and vertebral column length (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Patients with larger abdominal circumference have more cephalad spread of intrathecal ropivacaine in non obstetric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. However, the present study found no correlation between vertebral column length and any SAB characteristics.
Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma Extending into the Right Atrium: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Saraswathula Bharadwaj , Vaidya Shirish , Parihar Pratap Singh , Patil Ravishankar , Nimodia Devyansh
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumours, frequently inducing macrovascular invasion. Tumoural Thrombus (TT) production in mature HCC stages is prevalent and typically affects the hepatic or portal veins. Hereby, the authors present a case report of two cases, firstly, 68-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department with bilateral pedal oedema and a lack of appetite; secondly, 62-year-old female who reported with weakness and giddiness for two months, abdominal distention for one month, black-coloured stools for one month, and a two-month history of weight loss. Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scans for both patients revealed multiple ill-defined solid lesions with necrotic foci in the liver in the former case, and multiple heterogeneously enhancing lesions with a few calcific foci and haemorrhages in the liver in the latter patient, consistent with HCC and tumoural thrombus extending from the hepatic vein into the Right Atrium (RA) via the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC). HCC with TT spreading into the RA is a serious and challenging condition with a poor prognosis. Early detection and aggressive treatment are critical, but they are typically insufficient to prevent rapid disease progression and high mortality.
Moebius Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Duane Retraction Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kaur Harnoor , Sethi Neha K , Singh Harsimarpreet
Published: November 2024

Moebius syndrome and Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) are Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders (CCDDs) characterised as congenital, non progressive groups of diseases caused by abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections. Due to their overlapping features, distinguishing between these disorders can be challenging, leading to potential diagnostic oversights. This is a case report of a 10-year-old female with Moebius syndrome misdiagnosed as DRS. She had 6th and 7th nerve palsies with exposure keratopathy. Probably the cause for misdiagnosis was the presence of an abduction deficit-a characteristic shared by both disorders. Additionally, it is crucial to examine the facial nerve, as it is exclusively affected in Moebius syndrome. DRS is significantly more common than Moebius syndrome; the rarity of Moebius syndrome might contribute to the misdiagnosis. Conducting a thorough examination is essential for differentiating between these conditions, thereby facilitating comprehensive management.
Product Flow Efficiency and Financial Benefit in the Commercial Soybean Value Chain System in Ghana
Authors: Ghartey William , Owusu Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Soybean is an important economic crop in Ghana contributing to poverty reduction and food security. A key challenge in Ghana's soybean sector is enhancing product flow efficiency and adding value along the chain. This paper examines perceived efficiency in product flow, the nature of value adding, and perceived financial benefits among value chain actors in Ghana. The study combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to investigate product flow efficiency and financial benefits of the soybean value chain. The study was conducted in the Northern, Upper East, Upper West, and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana, between January and April 2013. The study used sample data from 300 value chain actors including input dealers, producers, aggregators, and processors. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, process map, principal component analysis (PCA), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) along the commercial soybean value chain system in the northern part of Ghana.  The results show that on average, with the exception of financial institutions, chain actors perceived the soybean product flow along the chain as efficient. Also, the PCA showed two key financial dimensions in the soybean value chain including tangible financial benefit and intangible financial benefit. ANOVA showed that on average, there was no significant difference across stakeholders on the effect of tangible financial benefit on their perception of efficiency of product flow in the value chain. However, there was a significant difference on the effect of intangible financial benefit on their perception of efficiency of product flow in the value chain.  The process map mainly showed that the soybean value chain is mainly non-value adding with the exception of the input supply level. The findings revealed that there is less value adding along the soybean value chain in Ghana, requiring that strategic efforts be put in place to improve on value addition along the chain to increase employment creation, poverty reduction and food security.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Wound Infections in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: B. Ofonime UKPUHO, , OLLEY Mitsan , IBRAHIM Ismaila
Published: November 2024

Aim: The current study was aimed at determining the antibiotic resistance pattern and associated risk factors of P. aeruginosa isolated from wound among patients in kefii metropolis, Nigeria.
Study Design: The investigation was a cross-sectional study which utilized random sampling of wounds from patients in three hospitals in Keffi.
Place and Duration of Study: Keffi local government is situated in Nasarawa State located in the North Central region of Nigeria, it is about 125 km from Lafia the State capital and about 50 kilometers from Abuja the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It has an area of 138km2and a population of about 92,664 at the 2006census. The study was conducted from June to October 2024.
Methodology: A total of 253 wound samples were collected from three hospitals: 198 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi, 43 from Silvercord Hospital, and 12 from Amosun Hospital and analysed by standard bacteriological and biochemical methods.
Results: The highest incidence of P. aeruginosa was found in the 21-40 age group (3.16%), while the lowest was in those over 60 years (0%). Females (2.76%) had a higher incidence than males (2.37%). The highest incidence was among self-employed individuals (1.98%). The isolates were highly resistant to ceftazidime and streptomycin (100%), but 30.76% were sensitive to ofloxacin and 15.38% to imipenem. Only 23.08% of isolates were ESBL producers.
Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates from wounds showed high resistance to common antibiotics. This high resistant could have implications such as treatment failure, prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. Despite the low incidence of ESBL production, there is a need for increased surveillance and public health awareness regarding wound management and antibiotic usage.
Basics of Cyclical Sequences Theory
Authors: Rostamy Hashem Salarvand
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces two types recursive impulse algorithms that create a new subject of numerical sequences which are called cyclical pulsatory sequences and the Collatz sequence is classified in them. They also divide integers into tree partitions. This theory studies the structure of cyclical pulsatory sequences. One of the obstacles to proving Collatz's conjecture has been the lack of sufficient knowledge about the Collatz sequence. This article provides a new and complete understanding of Collatz's conjecture, in which, we have also redefined the collatz sequence with a parameter.
Contribution of Spatial Techniques to the Identification of Discontinuous Basement Aquifers in Semi-Arid Zones: The Case of the Precambrian Basement of Damagaram-Mounio, Centre-East-Niger
Authors: Souleymane Issa Malam Salmanou , Sani Abdou Babaye Maman , Alhassane Illias , Mourtala Mahaman
Published: November 2024

The study area, the Damagaram basement, located in the central south of the Zinder region, has a discontinuous aquifer characterized by a very high failure rate of hydraulic structures (wells and boreholes) and a very low flow rate. In order to improve knowledge of these aquifers and provide access to drinking water for the population of this area, satellite imagery (landsat and aeromagnetic) and field measurement data were used to map fractures. Several techniques, including spatial and directional filtering, were applied to these satellite images to identify, extract and classify the lineaments. The results were validated by previous work and outcrop measurements. Analysis of the spatial distribution shows fractures in the directions N20°-30°; N30°-40°; N40°-50°; N50°-60°; N60°-70°; N70°-80°; N90°-100°; N100°-110°; N110°-120°; N120°-130°; N130°-140°; N140°-150°; N150°-160°; N160°-170° with varying numbers and cumulative lengths. Thus, five major fracture families characterized by directions that are : N40°-60°; N140°.
The Use of Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy in the Konjuh Mountain of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Huseinović Samira , Bektić Sanida , Selimović-Ćehajić Samela , Halilović Melisa
Published: November 2024

The plant kingdom is a crucial component of human nutrition and, consequently, the foundation of human sustenance. Humans have long recognized that specific plant-based foods provide essential substances that contribute to health, leading to the discovery of their medicinal properties. As a result of such chemical investigations, there has been an effort to synthetically produce the same or similar compounds that could replace natural products from the plant world in medical treatment and health maintenance. Consequently, modern medicine has increasingly relied on synthetic drugs, often overlooking the therapeutic value of many plants. However, despite this neglect, there is a growing movement to reintegrate effective natural plant compounds into the treatment of various diseases, as synthetic chemical compounds cannot fully substitute for plant-derived medications.
The objective of this study was to collect and identify medicinal plant species in the Konjuh Mountain area across seven locations with varying geoecological characteristics. Field research was conducted in three municipalities within the Tuzla Canton (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići), covering seven sites, each measuring 3,000 m², with altitudes ranging from 560 to 1,100 m. During the investigation, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic varieties. Additionally, a survey was conducted among the local population of Konjuh Mountain regarding their knowledge, recognition, and collection of medicinal herbs. Results from the survey, which involved 50 participants of various ages, indicate that alternative medicine holds a significant role in treatment approaches and is viewed as a more accessible method of healing.
Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on Soil Nutrient Level in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Kumari Santosh , Dogra B S , Dhiman Shivali
Published: November 2024

An experiment was undertaken during rabi season of the year 2020-21 to study the effect of bio-fertilizers and organic nutrient sources on residual soil nutrient status in pea. The study comprised of seventeen treatments with different combinations of bio-fertilizers viz., Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and organic manures viz., FYM and vermicompost. The investigation revealed that minimum soil pH (6.96), maximum soil organic carbon (0.76 %), available nitrogen (259.36 kg/ha) and available phosphorus (26.98 kg/ha) were obtained with treatmentT13 (Rhizobium+ PSB + FYM). The maximum soil electrical conductivity (0.208 dSm-1) and available potassium (174.65 kg/ha) were obtained with treatment T17 [Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (25N: 60P:60K kg/ha)]. Application of Rhizobium, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria along with FYM resulted in maximum benefit: cost ratio of 2.18.
Effect of Botanicals with Carbendazim against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Midde Sriparna , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: November 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of selected botanicals and carbendazim for the management of anthracnose disease on black gram caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum under field conditions. Three replications of black gram were planted in a randomized block design at the research plot of the Central Research Field, Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Kharif season of 2023. Carbendazim 50% WP at 2g kg-1 was applied for seed treatment of black gram before sowing. Foliar spray was conducted using five botanicals and one fungicide viz. T1- neem oil (2ml L-1), T2- eucalyptus oil (2ml L-1), T3- tea tree oil (2m L-1), T4- Lavender oil (2ml L-1), T5- Thyme oil (5%), T6- mancozeb 75 WP (0.2%) and T0- control with each treatment replicating three times. It was observed that all treatments significantly reduced the intensity of disease and increased growth parameters of garlic. From the study of the results, it was concluded that among all the treatments, the most effective in managing the disease was T6- Carbendazim at 0.1% ST+FS (22.33%) followed by T1- Carbendazim at 2g kg-1 (ST) + Neem oil at 0.2% (FS) (23.14%) as compared to T0- Control (43.48%) and in influencing the yield (t ha-1.) T6- Carbendazim at 0.1% ST+FS (7.86%) followed by T1- Carbendazim at 2g kg-1 (ST) + Neem oil at 0.2% (FS) (6.76%) as compared to T0- Control (3.15) in field condition and maximum cost benefit ratio was recorded in T6- Carbendazim at 0.1% ST+FS (1:2.43) followed by T1- Carbendazim at 2g/Kg(ST) + Neem oil at 0.2% (FS) (1:2.07) as compared to T0- Control (1:1.03).
Broccoli in Nutraceutical Development: Health Benefits, Bioactive Compounds, and Sustainable Applications Review
Authors: Prabha Sandra
Published: November 2024

Emerging health and wellness trends are reshaping our approach to personal care, sustainability, and holistic well being. People are progressively drawn to mental wellness practices, eco conscious living, and biohacking methods to optimize every aspect of their well-being. From the rise of telemedicine to sustainable beauty, these trends reflect a growing demand for personalized, accessible, and inclusive wellness solutions that support a balanced, health-centered lifestyle.
An important part of the wellness movement focuses on cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, due to its significant health benefits. Broccoli is celebrated for its potential health benefits, mainly its anticancer properties due to compounds like sulforaphane. The emerging plant based food culture sheds light on crops like broccoli, which are valued not just as staples for a healthy diet but as natural allies in lifestyle disease prevention and metabolic health.
Various factors affect broccoli's nutraceutical composition, including genetics, environmental conditions, and cultivation practices. Genetic variation determines the levels of glucosinolates and other beneficial compounds, while environmental factors such as soil quality, temperature, and light exposure further influence these concentrations. Different farming systems and post-harvest processing methods also play a key role in improving and preserving these bioactive compounds.
In addition, advanced extraction methods such as ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction are used to increase the yield and bioavailability of broccoli's beneficial components. These techniques offer sustainable ways to harness broccoli's nutraceutical potential, making it a valuable food for disease prevention and health promotion.
Feminisation Of Poverty And Women’s Health
Authors: Nonglait Ms. Laiarihunlang L. , Rymbai Ms. Jessica
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of poverty is historical in nature and the plight of the poor appears to be as old as human history. Poverty is the lack of resources and capabilities to fulfill the basic needs of life. Feminisation of poverty was coined by Diana Pearce in 1978 which posits that women compared to men have a higher incidence of poverty. Feminisation of poverty is due to relative poverty rather than absolute poverty. This paper seeks to examine feminisation of poverty in relation to women’s health. While the health of both men and women is adversely affected by poverty, a higher proportion of women suffer from its effects because of increasing ‘feminisation of poverty’. This study has utilised secondary sources of data. From the ‘feminisation of poverty’ lens, the paper highlights the status of women’s health in the state of Meghalaya.
Robótica Cirúrgica E Suas Implicações Socioeconômicas: Oportunidades De Redução De Custos E Impacto No Emprego De Profissionais De Saúde
Authors: Lima Agnaldo Braga , Chiacchio Simon Skarabone Rodrigues , Ribeiro Elidiane De Carvalho , Maurício Alex Aryel Ribas , Lima Odaíze Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: November 2024

A robótica cirúrgica tem emergido como uma das inovações tecnológicas mais impactantes na medicina moderna, oferecendo maior precisão, segurança e eficiência nos procedimentos cirúrgicos. No entanto, além dos benefícios clínicos, o uso crescente de robôs em cirurgias traz consigo implicações socioeconômicas profundas, tanto no que se refere à redução de custos para o sistema de saúde quanto ao impacto no emprego de profissionais de saúde. Este estudo analisa as principais oportunidades e desafios apresentados pela robótica cirúrgica, focando nas suas consequências econômicas e na transformação do mercado de trabalho no setor da saúde. Os robôs cirúrgicos permitem que os cirurgiões realizem operações complexas com maior precisão, menos invasividade e uma recuperação mais rápida para os pacientes. Ferramentas como o Sistema Da Vinci, amplamente utilizado em cirurgias laparoscópicas, têm mostrado melhorar os resultados clínicos, reduzindo
Tax Effects On Dividend And Interest On Equity Policy: Conflicts Of Interest Concerning To Dividend And Agency Theories In Brazil
Authors: Silva Silvio Freitas Da , Bortolon Patricia Maria , Santos Odilanei Morais Dos , Ohayon Pierre
Published: November 2024

In an environment moving towards changes in the taxation of profit distribution, this article aims to highlight the conflicts of interest between investors and companies, discussing perspectives and key factors in shareholder distribution policies arising from tax-related disagreements. This discussion considers the importance of the tax reform debate in Brazil, covering topics such as dividend taxation and the elimination of deductibility for interest on equity (JCP). We present a theoretical and tax-based discussion backed by dividend theories and agency theory. Additionally, to illuminate theoretical approaches and research areas on dividend policy in Brazil, a mapping was conducted using the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (Spell) database, covering the period from 1995 to 2023, with a focus on administration, accounting, and economics. In analyzing the conceptual framework of dividend policy in Brazil, the theories suggest a need for empirical exploration of the trade-offs caused by the concentration of control effect, as decision-making often falls to majority shareholders. These shareholders, influenced by their tax profiles and/or control types, may prioritize self-interest over corporate tax concerns, potentially leading to the expropriation of minority shareholders
Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lee Eun Sook , Shin Jung Min , Son Soyoung , Ko Hyewon , Um Wooram , Song Seok Ho , Lee Jae Ah , Park Jae Hyung
Published: January 2019

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, since it facilitates eradication of cancer by enhancing innate and/or adaptive immunity without using cytotoxic drugs. Of the immunotherapeutic approaches, significant clinical potentials are shown in cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cell transfer. Nevertheless, conventional immunotherapies often involve immune‐related adverse effects, such as liver dysfunction, hypophysitis, type I diabetes, and neuropathy. In an attempt to address these issues, polymeric nanomedicines are extensively investigated in recent years. In this review, recent advances in polymeric nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and thoroughly discussed in terms of 1) antigen presentation, 2) activation of antigen‐presenting cells and T cells, and 3) promotion of effector cells. Also, the future perspectives to develop ideal nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are provided.
Create synergies and inspire collaborations around the development of intelligent infrastructure for human‐centered communities
Authors: Shen Yi
Published: January 2019

Today there is the emerging horizon of smart infrastructure due to rapid developments in artificial intelligence, embedded sensing, pervasive computing, and ubiquitous mobility. To navigate this landscape and drive innovations, Virginia Tech launched the strategic development of Intelligent Infrastructure for Human Centered Communities or IIHCC. It is timely to study the integrative design process and transdisciplinary discourse for the “smart” future. This study employed qualitative research methods including ethnographic participant observation, document analysis, and semistructured interviews. The mixed‐methods approach is especially useful for capturing typical scenarios, emergent issues, and practical examples surrounding the smart infrastructure endeavors and the array of challenges and creative frictions encountered. Taking a sociotechnical perspective, this study explored how IIHCC can achieve significant program synergies and inspire new collaborations across intellectual boundaries. Furthermore, it investigated how libraries can work collaboratively and constructively with the community to build a stimulating culture of a transdisciplinary mechanism and collective intelligence. Tying all these together, the study then discusses how we can achieve a synergistic discourse by way of data as distinct unifiers for cross‐domain collaborations. It concludes by presenting multidimensional opportunities and multispectral engagement for libraries to potentially chart a new course and become a driving force in this evolution.
Synthesis of Cu‐doped MOF‐235 for the Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Tran Nguyen Tien , Kim Daekeun , Yoo Kye Sang , Kim Jinsoo
Published: January 2019

Cu‐doped MOF‐235 particles with various Cu concentrations were successfully prepared using the solvothermal method and investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The structural properties of the MOF‐235 samples were affected by the Cu concentrations. The particle size, surface area, and pore volume of the sample were decreased gradually with increasing of Cu amount. The photocatalytic degradation of MB indicated that Cu‐doped MOF‐235 outperformed pure MOF‐235 and commercial TiO2 due to presence of Cu+ and Cu2+ species suppress the electron–hole recombination. After 8 h of photocatalytic degradation of MB, 40% of the Cu‐doped MOF‐235 sample exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 90%, while pure MOF‐235 and commercial TiO2 showed the degradation efficiencies of 10 and 5%, respectively.
The tubulin mutation database: A resource for the cytoskeleton community
Authors: Pham Catherine L. , Morrissette Naomi S.
Published: January 2019

Over the last 40 years, the phenotypic consequences of point mutations to tubulin genes have been described in a wide variety of eukaryotes. A publicly available web‐based catalog of all published point mutations to tubulin was assembled. Each entry records a specific substitution to a discrete tubulin, the species where the mutation was described, the associated phenotype, and provides hyperlinks to the parental amino acid sequence and citation(s) for the original research. The data is represented in individual tables for the universal tubulin families (α‐, β‐, and γ‐tubulins) with the smaller datasets for point mutations to δ‐, ε‐, and ζ‐tubulins individually appended to the γ‐tubulin mutation table. Because tubulins are highly conserved proteins, the benefit of organizing the database tables in order of amino acid position is that comparison between equivalent residues in different isotypes or species is straightforward. For example, it was shown that seven substitutions which are associated with human brain malformations known as tubulinopathies were previously identified in other contexts that suggest that they influence microtubule stability. It was anticipated that this resource will simplify evaluation of the role of specific amino acids or domains in microtubule function.
Nesprin‐2G knockout fibroblasts exhibit reduced migration, changes in focal adhesion composition, and reduced ability to generate traction forces
Authors: Woychek Alexandra , Jones Jonathan C.R.
Published: January 2019

The nuclear envelope protein nesprin‐2G is a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and is responsible for mechanical and signaling crosstalk between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. A prior study has demonstrated that nesprin‐2G knockout mice show delayed wound healing. The goal was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the delayed wound closure in this mouse model. Primary fibroblasts from wild‐type and knockout neonatal mice were isolated. Knockout cells exhibited decreased focal adhesion (FA) size, number, and intensity. Consistent with this result, FA protein expression levels were decreased in knockout cells. Additionally, knockout fibroblasts displayed an abnormal actin cytoskeleton, as evidenced by loss of TAN line formation and both cytoplasmic and peri‐nuclear actin staining. Using collective and single cell motility assays, it was found that knockout cells exhibited a reduction in both speed and directed migration. Traction force microscopy revealed that knockout fibroblasts generated fewer traction forces compared with WT fibroblasts. In summary, the data indicated that changes in actin organization and defects in FAs result in a reduced ability of knockout fibroblasts to generate traction forces needed for efficient motility.
Preparation and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) Ceramics for ULTCC Applications
Authors: Naveenraj Rajaram , Suresh Elattuvalappil Kalathil , Dhanya Johnson , Ratheesh Ravendran
Published: January 2019

Single phase Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) ceramics were prepared through a conventional solid‐state ceramic route. The structural and microwave dielectric properties of Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) compositions have been investigated. Powder X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies have been carried out to confirm the phase purity and crystal structure of prepared Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) compositions. Scanning electron microscopic images for Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) ceramics exhibit a homogeneous and dense microstructure. The microwave dielectric properties of the samples were studied using Hakki–Coleman post resonator and cavity perturbation methods. Ba3Mg(V2O7)2 ceramic has a dielectric constant (εr) of 10.3, quality factor (Q x f ) of 43400 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of –46.87 ppm/°C at 660 °C for 1 h. Ba3Zn(V2O7)2 shows a dielectric constant of 10.8, quality factor of 46400 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of –78.1 ppm/°C at 660 °C for 1 h. Ba3A(V2O7)2 (A = Mg, Zn) ceramics show excellent chemical compatibility with Al metal electrodes.