bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOVA SU LAIMO LIGA: DIAGNOSTIKA, GYDYMAS IR VAKCINAVIMO PERSPEKTYVOS
Authors: Tamošiūnaitė Augustina , Lukoševičius Justas Adomas , Karnaševičiūtė Milda
Published: October 2024

Laimo ligos plitimas ir jos pasekmės išlieka rimta visuo­menės sveikatos problema. Šiuo metu vienintelė apsauga nuo Laimo ligos − visuomenės sąmoningumas. Svarbu vengti endeminių zonų, miškingų vietovių ir aukštų žo­lynų, naudoti repelentus, grįžus iš lauko apžiūrėti rūbus ir kūną. Ypač svarbus ankstyvas ir tikslingas ligos dia­gnozavimas, siekiant efektyvaus gydymo ir komplika­cijų prevencijos. Anksti pradėjus gydymą antibiotikote­rapija, 80 – 90 proc. pacientų visiškai pasveiksta, tačiau kai kuriems po gydymo išlieka nespecifinių simptomų. Ši būklė vadinama Laimo ligos sindromu. Negydoma Laimo liga gali komplikuotis į neuroboreliozę, karditą ar artritą. Šiuo metu rinkoje nėra vakcinos nuo Laimo ligos, todėl būtini tolesni moksliniai tyrimai vakcinų srityje, siekiant efektyviai kontroliuoti B. burgdorferi infekciją ir mažinti jos poveikį visuomenei. Naujausi moksliniai tyrimai vykdomi siekiant sukurti vakciną nuo Laimo ligos, tačiau susiduriama su iššūkiais dėl ekonominio efektyvumo ir vakcinacijos poreikio regioniniu mastu.
ANDROGENINĖS ALOPECIJOS MEDIKAMENTINIO GYDYMO GALIMYBĖS
Authors: Truskauskaitė Urtė
Published: October 2024

Androgeninė alopecija (AGA) – tai liga, atsirandanti dėl padidėjusios organizmo reakcijos į androgenus. Ši liga paveikia daugiau nei 70 proc. vyrų ir 50 proc. moterų. Sergant androgenine alopecija, padidėja dihidrotestoste­rono ir 5-alfa-reduktazės kiekiai, kurie sukelia plaukų folikulų miniatiūrizaciją, plaukų plonėjimą ir retėjimą. Pagrindinis vaistas, naudojamas androgeninės alopeci­jos gydymui, yra tepamasis minoksidilis, kuris sukelia skalpo odos kraujagyslių vazodilataciją ir pailgina ana­geno fazę. Kitas vaistas, tinkamas AGA gydymui, yra finasteridas. Jis yra II tipo alfa-reduktazės inhibitorius, kurio poveikis slopina testosterono virtimą dihidrotes­tosteronu. Be šių vaistų AGA gydymui gali būti taikoma ir hormoninė terapija antiandrogeniniais preparatais, to­kiais kaip spironolaktonas, flutamidas, bikalutamidas ir ciproterono acetatas, kurių poveikis remiasi testosterono sekrecijos ir androgenų receptorių inhibicija.
LAIMO LIGA: EPIDEMIOLOGIJA, RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI, PROGNOZĖ IR PROFILAKTIKA
Authors: Naudužaitė Dominyka
Published: October 2024

Laimo liga, kurią sukelia spirochetinė bakterija Borrelia burgdorferi, plintanti įsisiurbus infekuotoms Ixodes er­kėms, kelia didelį pavojų visuomenės sveikatai visame pasaulyje. Šiame moksliniame straipsnyje išsamiai ap­žvelgiama Laimo ligos epidemiologija, rizikos veiksniai, prognozė ir prevencijos strategijos. Apibendrindami da­bartinius mokslinių tyrimų rezultatus, siekiame geriau suprasti šią sudėtingą pernešėjų platinamą ligą ir pateikti įžvalgų, kaip sušvelninti jos poveikį žmonių sveikatai.
TECNOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: DESAFIOS E TRANSFORMAÇÕES NA RECRIAÇÃO DO MODELO EDUCATIVO
Authors: Sacramento Jaison da Silva
Published: October 2024

O artigo explora como as inovações tecnológicas emergentes estão transformando a sociedade moderna, com foco especial na educação. Destaca a importância de estratégias inovadoras que incentivam professores a refletirem criticamente sobre as mudanças nos sistemas de ensino e a participarem ativamente em processos de formação e qualificação, especialmente através da Educação a Distância (EAD). A personagem Mafalda, criada por Quino, é utilizada como símbolo crítico do modelo educacional tradicional, questionando o excesso de informações imposto às crianças e a eficácia dos métodos de ensino convencionais. A metodologia adotada baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica combinada com análise quali-quantitativa, buscando investigar o papel das Tecnologias Educacionais Inclusivas na promoção da inclusão e acessibilidade no ambiente escolar. O estudo identifica cinco pilares fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de uma educação especial, democrática e inclusiva: conceito de inclusão escolar; educação especial e educação inclusiva; crise de paradigmas; integração e inclusão; e a questão da identidade e diferença. O uso de tecnologias emergentes é destacado como crucial para a transformação do setor educacional. Ferramentas como inteligência artificial, plataformas de aprendizado online e dispositivos de acessibilidade digital são apontadas como meios para criar ambientes de aprendizagem mais inclusivos e adaptáveis às necessidades individuais dos alunos. A integração dessas tecnologias com metodologias pedagógicas inovadoras, como gamificação e realidade aumentada, está redefinindo o modelo educacional tradicional. Conclui-se que a tecnologia e a educação emergente desempenham um papel vital na promoção de um modelo educacional mais inclusivo e eficaz. A recriação do modelo educativo e a preparação do professor inclusivo são essenciais para garantir que todos os alunos tenham acesso equitativo à educação.
Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Surviving the El Haouz Earthquake: A Study of 69 Cases
Authors: Maataoui Z. El , Bensaleh B. , Kisra H.
Published: October 2024

Psychological stress following a natural disaster is common. Despite numerous earthquakes worldwide, data on acute stress assessment in child victims early in the post-disaster period are scarce. Immediately after the devastating earthquake (6.9 Richter) in El Hawz, Marrakech region, on September 8, 2023, at 11:07 PM, the child psychiatry department mobilized through an emergency response team that went to the site to support children and adolescents affected by the earthquake. At the end of our intervention, we conducted a cross-sectional study over a week, including 69 children presenting unusual physical or behavioral symptoms. The Children Impact of Event Scale (CIES) was used for stress screening. This study represents the first Moroccan data showing a statistically significant psychological impact and various forms of physical stress symptoms in young children (1-8 years) following the Marrakech earthquake.
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD)
Authors: Maataoui Z. El , Bensaleh B. , Kisra H.
Published: October 2024

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) is characterized by neurological, sensory, or motor symptoms without identifiable neurological pathology. In children and adolescents, FNSD presents additional complexities due to frequent comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and functional pain, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and the organo-psychiatric interplay in FNSD through three pediatric cases. Case 1 involved a 12-year-old boy with epileptiform seizures, behavioral disinhibition, and cognitive deterioration, eventually diagnosed with bilateral temporal focus and hippocampal atrophy. Case 2 describes a 16-year-old boy with treatment-resistant headaches, paraplegia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where no structural abnormalities were found. Case 3 details a 12-year-old girl with motor tics and tremors, later diagnosed with Wilson’s disease. The study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and manage FNSD, as physical and psychological stressors significantly contribute to its manifestations.
Endoscopic Treatment of Biliary Complications of Hydatid Cysts of the Liver
Authors: Zarhouni O. , Ghazal G. , Nacir O. , Lairani F. , Errami A. Ait , Oubaha S. , Samlani Z. , Krati K.
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnostic and especially therapeutic management of biliary complications of hydatid liver cysts (HHF). Patients and method: We included 19 patients hospitalized for endoscopic management of biliary complications of hydatid cyst of the liver over a four-year period, with an average age of 42 years and a male predominance in 62% of cases. Results: The prevalence of biliary complications of hydatid cyst of the liver was 2.5% in our series. ERCP revealed a cystobiliary fistula in 31% of cases, and lacunar images in the main bile duct (MBD) in 69% of cases related to hydatid material. Sphincterotomy was performed in all patients, allowing extraction of hydatid material by balloon extraction, and dilatation of the MBD by candle. On average, jaundice disappeared 7 to 12 days after the endoscopic procedure. No complications related to endoscopic treatment were observed. Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment of the biliary complications of hepatic hydatidosis is a safe and effective therapy with low morbidity and mortality.
Crush Syndrome: Biological Profile of Patients Victims of the Al Haouz Earthquake - About 100 Cases
Authors: Belmekia A. , Akrim Y. , Kamissoko S. , Chellak S. , Boukhira A.
Published: October 2024

Crush syndrome encompasses local and systemic manifestations secondary to prolonged ischemia of significant muscle masses, resulting from intense and sustained compression [1]. This massive rhabdomyolysis poses a life-threatening prognosis due to the onset of either hypovolemia with shock, sudden hyperkalemia, or acute renal failure. Following the earthquake that struck Al Haouz on September 8, 2023, in El Haouz, 71.8 km southwest of Marrakech, with a magnitude of 6.9, a prospective study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to the emergency department of the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. These patients presented various traumas and muscle compressions, with varying severity levels and locations. Upon admission, levels of myoglobinemia, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, and kalemia were measured. Hyperkalemia was detected in 4 individuals with concentrations exceeding 5.5 mmol/L. Analysis of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) revealed that 27% of the patients suffered from rhabdomyolysis, with CPK levels exceeding 1000 IU/L. Among these patients, 5 had severe rhabdomyolysis with CPK levels surpassing 5000 IU/L. 25% of the patients with rhabdomyolysis developed acute renal failure, a complication also present in all cases of severe rhabdomyolysis. In terms of myoglobinemia, 16% of the patients had levels exceeding 500 µg/L, and 11 patients had levels above 1000 µg/L. Notably, all patients with severe rhabdomyolysis exhibited myoglobinemia levels exceeding 1000 µg/L, correlating with the development of acute renal failure.
Post-Transfusion Malaria in a Hemodialyzed Patient: First Case Report in Morocco
Authors: Jaouahar A. A. , Chakib M. , Belarbi M. , Maoujoud A. , Asserraji M. , Zemraoui N.
Published: October 2024

We report the first case to our knowledge of post-transfusion malaria in a hemodialyzed patient in Morocco. This case highlights the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections in such a polytransfused population, even in non-endemic countries. Enhancement of hemovigilance protocols and infectious screenings are essential to manage this potentially life-threatening condition.
Smart Sensors and Robotics in Poultry Farming; Transforming Operational Efficiency A Review
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Asad , Akhtar Ibrahim , Rauf Umber , Hafeez Sadia , Tahir Yabaiz , Abdullah Muhammad , Ather Nimra , Yasin Nadia , Asghar Rabia
Published: October 2024

An important development in agricultural technology, integrating robots and smart sensors in chicken farming increases production and operational efficiency. This analysis examines the most recent developments and how they are revolutionizing methods used in chicken production. Integrated into various farming systems, smart sensors offer real-time monitoring of feed efficiency, health metrics, and environmental variables. When used with data analytics, these sensors allow for more accurate resource management and decision-making, enhancing animal welfare and farm sustainability. Conversely, robotics lowers labor expenses and human error by automating labor-intensive processes, including waste management, egg collecting, and feeding. The combination of robots and intelligent sensors enables a smooth, automated farming environment that maximizes output while upholding the highest standards of animal care. Future directions for research and development are considered, along with issues including high starting prices, technology integration, and data privacy. This analysis highlights how robots and intelligent sensors can transform poultry farming and make it more resilient, sustainable, and efficient in the face of rising demand for food worldwide.
IgG4-Related Disease: A Case Report and Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Zarhouni O. , Ghazal G. , Bouhdoud N. , Nacir O. , Lairani F. , Errami A. Ait , Oubaha S. , Samlani Z. , Krati K.
Published: October 2024

IgG4 disease, also known as IgG4 autoimmune polyexocrinopathy, is a new entity that includes type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. It has the capacity to affect various organs such as the central nervous system, salivary glands, thyroid, lungs, pancreas, bile ducts, liver, digestive tract, kidneys and prostate, resulting in symptoms specific to the organ affected. It is a rare disease. It is most common in men over the age of 50. Diagnosis is based on histological features such as the presence of a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the affected organ, serum IgG4 elevation in more than 80% of cases, IgG4 positivity on immunohistochemistry, fibrosis of the organ and obliterating venulitis. It is sensitive to corticosteroid therapy, which entails a significant risk of relapse when corticosteroid treatment is stopped, necessitating recourse to immunomodulators. We describe the case of a 53-year-old female patient who was admitted to our institution for an aetiological work-up of chronic epigastric pain resembling pancreatic involvement, revealing IgG4 disease.
A Rare Case of Tuberculosis of the Anterior Abdominal Wall: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Dalero O. , Annattah S. , Alami Z. H. , Andaloussi S. , Madi A. El
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis, typically a pulmonary infectious disease, can sometimes affect other organs in the form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, primary involvement of the abdominal muscles is extremely rare. Diagnosis is often challenging due to the unusual location and lack of typical symptoms. This report presents a unique case of primary tuberculosis of the anterior abdominal wall in a 13-year-old girl, admitted with abdominal pain and a palpable mass. After image-guided biopsy and histopathological analysis, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed. A combined treatment of surgical drainage and antituberculous therapy led to recovery without postoperative complications. This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in atypical locations.
Cáncer de pene, una patología inadvertida
Authors: Paredes-Galdós Mauricio Miguel
Published: October 2024

Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 65 años de edad, con historia de uretrorragia, dolor torácico, fiebre, asociado a una tumoración inguinal derecha de rápido crecimiento. Se halló en los exámenes auxiliares, leucocitosis con desviación izquierda, PCR elevada, además de derrame pleural y de nódulos pulmonares compatibles con metástasis. Se asocia insuficiencia respiratoria. En hospitalización se halla una tumoración peneana, la cual de biopsia hallándose un carcinoma escamoso. El paciente presenta deterioro y no es tributario de manejo oncológico especializado, motivo por el cual pasa a paliativo.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL-AIR dan EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT TERPURIFIKASI DAUN PECUT KUDA SECARA KLT AUTOGRAFI
Authors: Amin Asni , Waris Risda , Aminah Aminah , Fitri Nurul , Bunga A. Tenri
Published: October 2024

Tanaman pecut kuda Stachytarpheta jamaeicensis termasuk tumbuhan berpotensi antikanker, antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan adanya  aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun pecut kuda terhadap DPPH dengan metode KLT-autografi. Metode penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimen laboratorium bersifat kualitatif terdiri dari  ekstraksi sampel dengan etanol-air 70% secara maserasi, ekstrak kental dipurifikasi dan dibebas klorofil dan lemak, kemudian difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Selanjutnya  diidentifikasi kandungan kimia secara KLT menggunakan pereaksi spesifik : Dragendorf, Liberman-Buchard, Sitroborat, dan FeCl3.. Tahap  terakhir dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan secara KLT autografi terhadap DPPH. Hasil penelitian: identifikasi kandungan kimia ekstrak secara KLT terbukti  mengandung senyawa fenol, flavonoid, dan  steroid/terpen.  Hasil uji KLT antioksidan dengan DPPH terdapat 1 bercak berwarna kuning pada ekstrak etanol-air 70%  (EEA-70%) dengan Rf=0,91 dan 2 bercak pada ekstrak etil asetat terpurifikasi (EEAT) dengan Rf= 0,75, dan Rf=0,54 yang dapat menghambat radikal bebas DPPH. Kesimpulan: Daun pecut kuda   berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional untuk antioksidan.
PERUBAHAN BENTUK MAKROSKOPIS KUNYIT AKIBAT PENGOLAHAN PADA BEBERAPA SEDIAAN FARMASI YANG ADA DI PASARAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hamidah Mida , Nurviana Vera , Azahra Fildza Fathila , Faridah Ida
Published: October 2024

Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) adalah tanaman obat tradisional yang menjadi kearifan lokal di Indonesia terutama di daerah Jawa. Pada saat ini banyak industri farmasi yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan kunyit menjadi sediaan farmasi yang praktis dan berkhasiat diantaranya ada yang berbentuk serbuk, granul instan, kapsul, maupun sirup. Perubahan bentuk tersebut melibatkan proses yang dapat mempengaruhi khasiat dan stabilitas kandungan senyawa aktif pada kunyit. Penelitian ini merupakan awal dari standarisasi beberapa jenis sediaan berbahan kunyit di Indonesia meliputi pengamatan terhadap perubahan bentuk makroskopis sediaan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah produk dengan komposisi kunyit yang terdapat di Pasaran di Indonesia baik online maupun offline yaitu sejumlah 8 sampel berupa serbuk, granul instan, kapsul serta sirup dan 2 kontrol berupa rimpang kunyit segar dan serbuk simplisia. Perubahan bentuk makroskopik pada kunyit yang diamati rasa, warna, bau dan bentuk makroskopik khas kunyit dibandingkan dengan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 8 jenis sediaan farmasi yang diamati mempunyai perbedaan yang sangat jelas akibat pengolahan yang dilakukan oleh industri diantaranya adalah fragmen khas pada kunyit telah pecah dan bahkan hilang akibat pengolahan. Pada uji makroskopik, sampel A dan B menunjukkan hasil yang cukup mirip dengan kontrol yaitu serbuk simplisia diantaranya adalah bentuk makroskopik berupa serbuk kasar berwarna kuning dengan isi yang sudah tidak utuh, Sampel C dan D berupa granul kecil berwarna kuning dengan kristal gula serta E dan F berupa serbuk halus berbentuk granul berwarna kuning dan G dan H berupa cairan agak kental dengan warna lautan yang homogen berwarna orange dengan bercak cokelat. Sediaan granul instan D dan sediaan sirup H menunjukkan hasil organoleptik rasa, warna dan bau khas kunyit yang lemah.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Jahe Dan Ekstrak Lengkuas Merah Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Safutri Wina , Dwiningrum Riza , Pratiwi Mida , Mawarni Iga
Published: October 2024

Peningkatan prevalensi global infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus menekan masyarakat untuk menggunakan obat antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik dapat menyebabkan efek samping yang berbahaya oleh karena itu perlu adanya penggunaan obat alternatif alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak jahe dan esktrak lengkuas merah sebagai obat alternatif alami dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen kuantitatif. Ekstrak kombinasi jahe dan lengkuas merah diperoleh dari metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan yaitu uji flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin, dan saponin, sedangkan uji antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi disk dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kombinasi jahe dan lengkuas merah  80%:20%, 50%:50% dan 20%:80%. Hasil skrining fitokimia kedua esktrak positif mengandung flavonoid, terpenoid, tanin dan saponin. Adapun hasil zona hambat antibakteri secara berturut-turut yaitu 11,58±1,18mm, 4,46±0,70mm dan 2,95±0,45mm. Hasil uji statistik Kruskal Wallis didapatkan perbedaan rata – rata diameter zona hambat antar kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai (p 0,001). Selanjutnya pada uji Mann Whitney masing-masing konsentrasi memiliki perbedaan rata – rata zona hambat yang bermakna (p≤0,05) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kombinasi ekstrak jahe dan lengkuas memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan zona hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 80%:20% yang masuk kedalam katagori kuat.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Salam Dan Daun Sambiloto Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Safutri Wina , Dwiningrum Riza , Putri Nopi Anggista , Wulandari Fitria
Published: October 2024

Prevalensi angka kejadian kasus penyakit infeksi bakteri menunjukan rentang antara 25-65% dengan rata-rata nasional 38% disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pengobatan umumnya menggunakan antibiotik, tetapi penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat menyebabkan resistensi, oleh karena itu dikembangkan pengobatan alternatif dari bahan alam. Tanaman yang dimanfaatkan yaitu daun salam dan daun sambiloto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium. Ekstrak daun salam dan daun sambiloto dieksraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan yaitu uji alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Uji antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi disk dengan varian konsentrasi 80%:20%, 50%:50%% dan 20%:80%. Hasil penelitian skrining fitokimia kedua ekstrak menunjukkan hasil positif untuk alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Adapun hasil pengujian antibakteri ekstrak daun salam dan daun sambiloto pada rata-rata diameter zona hambat 9,15 mm ; 5,02 mm ; 2,96 mm. Kesimpulan kombinasi ekstrak daun salam dan daun sambiloto mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan daya hambat tertinggi didapatkan pada konsentrasi 80%:20% dengan nilai rata-rata diameter 9,15 mm yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID DAN TANIN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Simanjuntak Helen Anjelina , Purba Hermawan , Ginting Junius Gian
Published: October 2024

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) belongs to the moraceae family. Traditionally, jackfruit is used to treat fever, convulsions, asthma, diarrhea, anemia, cough and inflammation. The presence of flavonoid and tannin compounds isolated from jackfruit leaves has pharmacological activity in health. The purpose of this study was to screen the phytochemicals of secondary metabolites of flavonoids and tannins, and to determine the levels of secondary metabolites of flavonoids and tannins in jackfruit leaves using uv-vis spectrophotometry. The stages of this study began with sample collection, extraction, phytochemical screening, and testing of flavonoid and tannin levels. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids in the crude drug and jackfruit leaf extract. The total flavonoid content was 234.9 mgQE/g with an R2 value of 0.9916, and for measuring the total tannin content was 343.3 mgTAE/g with an R2 value of 0.9956. The conclusion of this study is that the ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves contains flavonoid and tannin compounds with a total flavonoid content of 234.9 mgQE/g and a total tannin content of 343.3 mgTAE/g.
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN ETIL ASETAT DAUN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Ginting Junius Gian , Simanjuntak Helen Anjelina , Purba Hermawan
Published: October 2024

In traditional medicine, mangosteen leaves (Garcinia mangostana L.) are useful in treating diabetes, hypertension, diarrhea, dysentery, and urinary tract problems. The study aims to determine the levels of flavonoids in mangosteen leaves with 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate. The total flavonoid content was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and the maceration process on the extract using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate. The results of phytochemical screening of mangosteen leaf extract with 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content in 96% ethanol solvent was 50.110 mgQE/gram extract and the total flavonoid content in ethyl acetate solvent was 118.773 in the extract. Ethyl acetate solvent is more effective in attracting flavonoid compounds in mangosteen leaves.
9. Walking the Tightrope of Decolonisation in Education: Critically Gauging Curriculum Emancipation in SIDS Contexts
Authors: Ankiah-Gangadeen Aruna , Nadal Pascal
Published: October 2024

This chapter begins with an examination of two emancipatory moves in the Mauritian curriculum, namely the introduction of technical subjects and Mauritian Creole at upper secondary level with the responsibility for curriculum development, assessment and certification attributed to local institutions. It offsets these decisions with similar curricular experiences in the Seychelles, another SIDS that shares the geographical location and colonial past of Mauritius. While these enfranchising acts appear momentous against the backdrop of pervasive colonial influences, we choose to adopt a different lens for a better understanding of the phenomenon in current times.
10. Decolonising Curriculum Practices: An Analysis of Student Perspectives at a South African University
Authors: Tshuma Lindiwe , Theledi Kgomotso Ambitious
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes student experiences of the delivery of a newly introduced university language-acquisition course as part of the institution’s curriculum decolonisation agenda. The key research question to be answered is: To what extent are students satisfied with the first-year isiZulu First Additional Language (FAL) course newly introduced as part of curriculum decolonisation in the university? Guided by the lived curriculum theory, the study employs a survey methodology.
11. Dancing with Decolonial Curriculum Theorists: Technology as a Shapeshifter in Art and Design Education
Authors: Olalere Folasayo Enoch , Makwela Mashaole Jacob
Published: October 2024

In the past two decades, the concept of decolonisation of higher education in South Africa gained momentum. Amidst this growing concern, the role players in the education sector have interrogated their role in this discourse and examined how curricula and pedagogical approaches can stand up to this call for decolonisation. Some decolonial theorists have associated the concept with changing the nature of knowledge, shifting our position in relation to knowledge, and economic transformation. Even though there are multiple views and schools of thought, the question that remains unanswered in curriculum development is what the concept of decolonisation will look like in technologically advanced university settings
Conversation with Ambassador Abdul S. Minty, during a Conference on ‘Anti-Nuclear Activism in Africa: A Historical Perspective’, held at the Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study, 3 April 2023
Authors: Van Wyk Anna-Mart
Published: October 2024

When did you first become aware that the Apartheid government was not only interested in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy as they publicly professed, and how did you promote or publicize your concern?
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF NETWORK COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPORATION (PART II)
Authors: Щербакова Д.В. , Пекло А.Ю. , Печкин Д.С. , Питолин В.М. , Макаров О.Ю. , Кострова В.Н.
Published: October 2024

Предлагается структура и содержание частных регламентов сетевой контрразведки, где для эффективной защиты нужно обеспечить управление инцидентами нарушения сетевой безопасности корпорации при атаках типа «сетевая разведка». Выделенные типы инцидентов предназначены для расширения имеющейся классификации инцидентов и ориентированы на сетевую разведку. Описание начальной фазы реагирования на инциденты содержится в «Частным регламенте обнаружения и регистрации контрразведкой инцидентов нарушения сетевой безопасности организации». Руководство по обнаружение инцидентов приведено в «Частном регламенте реагирования контрразведки на инциденты нарушения безопасности организации». Заключительный этап обработки инцидента описан в «Частном регламенте ликвидации последствий инцидентов нарушения сетевой безопасности организации при атаках типа «сетевая разведка». Предлагается план мероприятий по противодействию атаке типа «сетевая разведка».

The structure and content of private regulations of network counterintelligence is proposed, where for effective protection it is necessary to ensure the management of incidents of violations of the network security of the corporation in attacks of the type of "network intelligence". The selected types of incidents are designed to expand the existing classification of incidents and are focused on network intelligence. The description of the initial response phase to incidents is contained in the “private regulations for detecting and registering counterintelligence of incidents of the organization’s network security.” The guide for the detection of incidents is given in the "private regulation of counterintelligence response to incidents of the organization’s security." The final stage of the processing of the incident is described in the “private regulation of the elimination of the consequences of impaired network security violations in attacks of the type of “network intelligence”. The action plan is proposed to counteract an attack type “Network intelligence”.
FORMALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND DATA OF CYBER ATTACKS AND VULNERABILITIES
Authors: Остапенко Г.А. , Васильченко А.П. , Остапенко А.А. , Покудин Д.С. , Корвяков Н.Н. , Ноздрюхин А.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются противоречия при использовании CAPEC как источника сведений о шаблонах атак. Обосновывается выбор отечественной базы уязвимостей в качестве источника информации об уязвимостях. Осуществляется создание банка знаний и данных о кибератаках и уязвимостях, агрегированных в специально разработанные форматы, такие как паспорт вектора атаки, паспорт уязвимости, форма сведений об инцидентах и регламентах киберпротивоборства. Описываются методики работы с этими форматами и правила их заполнения. Обсуждаются перспективы улучшения механизма присвоения типа ошибки CWE к шаблону атак CAPEC.

The article discusses the contradictions when using CAPEC as a source of information about templates as well. The choice of the domestic vulnerability database as a source of information about vulnerabilities is justified. A knowledge bank and data on cyber attacks and vulnerabilities are being created, aggregated into specially designed formats such as an attack vector passport, vulnerability passport, an incident information form and cyber warfare regulations. The mechanisms of working with these formats and the rules for filling them are described. The prospects for improving the mechanism for assigning the CWE error type to CAPEC attack patterns are discussed, as well as integrating the generated knowledge and data into the educational process, including training specialized neural networks, in particular for the module of neural network regulation of measures to counter cyber attacks.
INFORMATION MAPPING OF BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTIONS BY CYBERCRIMINALS IN THE TON ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Сердечный А.Л. , Абрамов А.О. , Москалева Е.А.
Published: October 2024

Целью работы является разработка методических и инструментальных средств анализа транзакций в блокчейне TON (The Open Network) для выявления признаков, демаскирующих деятельность киберпреступных сообществ. Для этого в настоящей работе использован метод информационного картографирования, позволяющий представить большой объём данных о транзакциях TON в виде информационной карты, с помощью которой эксперт в области расследования компьютерных преступлений может обнаружить скрытые взаимосвязи, указывающие на наличие киберпреступной деятельности. В рамках проведения исследования рассмотрены структурные особенности инфраструктурных компонентов на базе TON, предложен алгоритм их обнаружения на карте транзакций. Разработано средство сбора и интеграции сведений о крпитокошельках TON, являющееся информационно-картографической системой, которая предоставляет возможности интерактивного анализа карт транзакций и автоматизации расследования компьютерных преступлений. Также в работе предложены меры противодействия такой деятельности. Результаты, полученные в ходе проведенного исследования, позволяют выявить мошеннические транзакции, а разработанная методика – создать эффективные средства для обнаружения и предотвращения киберпреступных действий в сети TON, что может быть полезным для криптовалютных бирж, финансовых организаций и государственных учреждений.

The purpose of this paper is to develop methodological and instrumental tools for analyzing transactions in the TON (The Open Network) blockchain in order to identify features that unmask the activities of cybercriminal communities. For this purpose, this paper uses the method of information mapping, which allows presenting a large amount of data on TON transactions in the form of an information map, with the help of which an expert in the field of computer crime investigation can detect hidden relationships indicating the presence of cybercriminal activity. As part of the research, the structural features of TON-based infrastructure components are considered, and an algorithm for their detection on the transaction map is proposed. A means of collecting and integrating data on TON brickpurses has been developed, which is an information-mapping system that provides opportunities for interactive analysis of transaction maps and automation of computer crime investigation. Also, the paper proposed measures to counteract such activities. The results obtained in the course of the research allow to identify fraudulent transactions, and the developed methodology allows to create effective means to detect and prevent cybercriminal activities in the TON network, which can be useful for cryptocurrency exchanges, financial organizations and government agencies.
CONHECIMENTOS, ATITUDES E PRÁTICAS ACERCA DAS INFECÇÕES PARASITÁRIAS INTESTINAIS DOS RESIDENTES DE UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL DO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ
Authors: Silva Jurecir , Monteiro Kerla Joeline , Pereira Lorrane de Andrade , Paulino Érica Tex , Pinheiro Randyson da Silva , Silva Maria Lindalva Alves da , Lima Oriana Bezerra , Bordignon Julio Cesar Pegado , Alencar Maria de Fátima Leal , Moraes Neto Antonio Henrique Almeida de
Published: October 2024

Infecções parasitárias intestinais (IPIs) constituem um desafio significativo para a saúde pública de países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Este estudo analisou os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) de 146 residentes de uma comunidade rural no Piauí acerca das IPIs, e os fatores de risco relacionados. Ao utilizar métodos qualitativos (Análise de Conteúdo no ATLAS.ti.23) e quantitativos (SPSS Statistics), observou-se que a maioria dos respondentes tinha conhecimento inadequado sobre vermes e práticas preventivas. Dos respondentes, a maioria 73,3% eram do sexo feminino, e 87% responderam incorretamente sobre “O que acontece com os vermes depois que saem das pessoas?” 71,2% “O que são os vermes?” e 63,7% “Para onde vão os vermes depois que saem das pessoas?”. Apenas 11,7% adotavam medidas corretas de prevenção, 58,2% informaram ter hábito de andar descalço e  24% identificavam corretamente os sintomas. A escolaridade e sexo mostraram-se significativamente associadas ao nível de conhecimentos e práticas. A análise qualitativa consolida esses resultados, pois os códigos “Bactérias” e “Lombrigas” foram os mais frequentes para definir os vermes. O código “andar descalço” se destacou como indicador de conhecimentos sobre “como uma pessoa pega vermes". Os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas da população relativos à prevenção e enfrentamento de IPIs é significativamente baixo. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam a necessidade de adotar práticas integradas e intersetoriais em promoção da saúde, especialmente voltadas para comunidades vulneráveis.
CRAFTING SYNTHETIC DATA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO ENHANCE AI/ML APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Kamalakannan Balasubramanian
Published: October 2024

Data is the fuel that drives the testing and development of AI/ML applications. Whether for machine learning models, generative AI systems, or multimodal and large language models (LLMs), synthetic data enables rapid iteration, secure testing, and reliable performance assessments. Poorly designed test data can limit coverage of real-world scenarios, leading to unreliable outcomes. By leveraging synthetic data, teams can overcome challenges associated with real-world data acquisition while maintaining the high-quality standards required for machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning systems.
MODELLING OF THE OPERATING PERIOD OF A COMPRESSOR UNIT ON A SHIP FROM THE SEISMIC INDUSTRY I PART
Authors: I Bakalov  , K Petrov
Published: October 2024

A possibility of extending the time between overhauls period of a compressor unit on a ship from the Seismic Industry by using pre-synthesized predictive mathematical models is considered. The latter are created by processing experimental data and refer to cases of before and after overhaul of the Seismic compressor. In part one, results of synthesizing predictive mathematical models of the relationship between the duration of the operating time of the Seismic compressor and the pressure change in the first stage – screw compressor are proposed. In Part Two, results of synthesizing predictive mathematical models of the three piston stages of the Seismic Ship compressor are proposed.
KEYWORDS: Offshore Oil Industry, Seismic Vessel, Seismic Air Compressor, Synthesizing Predictive Mathematical Model, Least Squares Method, Regression Analysis
Policy Implementation of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Online Loan Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Anindya Aikoo , Sari Nia Ayu Mayang
Published: October 2024

The implementation of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection in Indonesia’s online lending services has presented new challenges and responsibilities for service providers. While this law provides a robust legal framework to protect consumers' personal data, its practical application remains problematic. Findings show that personal data breaches and unethical debt collection practices continue to occur, highlighting gaps in enforcement. In addition, many service providers still lack full compliance with the law due to insufficient understanding of their obligations, and consumers are often unaware of their data protection rights. The study also identifies the need for stricter supervision and cooperation between regulators, service providers, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure the law is applied effectively. Public education campaigns and consistent enforcement of penalties are essential to strengthen legal protections for consumers. This study recommends periodic evaluations of the law’s implementation, the development of comprehensive monitoring mechanisms, and the enhancement of technological resources to support better oversight of the online lending industry. Strengthening these efforts would contribute to a safer and more reliable fintech ecosystem in Indonesia.
Antibiotic use in Barcelona in 2023 in primary care and the potential reduction by adjusting box sizes to current guidelines
Authors: Llor Carl , Rodríguez-Bernuz Cristina , Troncoso-Mariño Amelia
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Prior research has not examined the size of antibiotic packages prescribed. We assessed 2023 prescription rates in Barcelona and the most prescribed presentations in pharmacies, while evaluating potential reductions if all amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate containers had 20 doses. Methods. Antibiotics prescribed by primary care doctors working for the Catalonian Health Institute in Barcelona in 2023 were analysed by calculating the defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants and day (DID). Results. The observed prescribing rate was 8 DID, with penicillins accounting for 4.6 DID (57.2%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, making up 4.4 DID. If all the 30-dose presentations of amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate had been 20-dose containers, the total number of DIDs would have been 3.3, resulting in a reduction of 1.1 DID (25.4% less). Conclusions. Antibiotic prescribing rate in Barcelona was low. Aligning the dosage of antibiotics with established guidelines could further reduce antibiotic consumption.
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance-associated mutations in HIV-infected pregnant women
Authors: Cecchini Diego , Sfalcin Javier , Zapiola Inés , Gomez Alan , Fernandez-Giuliano Silvina , Rodriguez Claudia , Mammana Lilia , Seravalle Analía , Fay Fabián , Torroija María Cecilia , Bugarín Gabriela , Bouzas María Belén
Published: October 2024

Objective. To date, no data exist regarding the prevalence of integrase inhibitor (INSTI) resistance-associated mutations (HIVDRM) in HIV-infected pregnant women (HPW) in Latin America. We describe the prevalence and transmissibility of integrase HIVDRM in a historical cohort of INSTI-naïve HPW from Argentina (n=56) with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Material and methods. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by HyDRA software for 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, and 1% sensitivity thresholds. We calculated the mutational viral load for each INSTI-HIVDRM, considering those with >1000 c/mL as of high risk of transmissibility. Results. The predominant HIV subtype was BF (78.5%). Major HIVDRM were not detected with the population sequencing 20% filter. With a 1% threshold, the prevalence increased to 8.9%; Y143C/S, E92G, E138K, and T66I mutations were found. The median (range) mutational load (expressed in c/mL) was: 355 (50.2-11705); with only 1 case >1000 c/mL Accessory mutations (G163R/K, T97A) were detected mostly with a 20% sensitivity threshold with an overall prevalence of 23.2%; the median (IQR) mutational load was: 23929 (4009-63158) c/mL; all of them above 1000 c/mL. Conclusion. Our results show evidence of the presence of major INSTI-HIVDRM as aleatory mutations and a high frequency of accessory mutations with potential transmissibility in HPW.
Hubungan Antara Kadar Merkuri Dalam Darah Dengan Jumlah Total Leukosit Pada Komunitas Ibu-Ibu Di Muara Angke
Authors: Timorensa Katharina Novika , Prihatiningsih Diah , Sudarma Nyoman , Prasetya Didik
Published: October 2024

Paparan merkuri merupakan isu kesehatan global yang signifikan, terutama di daerah pesisir seperti Muara Angke, yang terdampak pencemaran akibat aktivitas manusia dan konsumsi ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah terdapat hubungan antara kadar merkuri dalam darah dan jumlah total leukosit pada komunitas ibu-ibu di Muara Angke. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik quota sampling, melibatkan 25 responden dari komunitas ibu-ibu PKK RW 01 Muara Angke. Kuota ditetapkan untuk mencerminkan proporsi kelompok dalam populasi. Kadar merkuri diukur dengan metode ICP-MS menggunakan alat Agilent 7700 X, sementara jumlah total leukosit diukur dengan Fluorescence Flow Cytometry menggunakan alat Sysmex XN-550. Uji korelasi Spearman dilakukan untuk analisis data. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata kadar merkuri dalam darah sebesar 6,36 µg/L (rentang 3,2 hingga 16,7 µg/L) dan rata-rata jumlah total leukosit sebesar 9,24 x 10³/uL (rentang 6,3 hingga 18,5 x 10³/uL). Uji korelasi Spearman menghasilkan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,233 dengan nilai p = 0,262, yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan secara statistik antara kadar merkuri dan jumlah total leukosit di komunitas tersebut. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman dampak kesehatan paparan merkuri di komunitas lokal dan menekankan pentingnya pemantauan kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat.
 
Kata Kunci: Merkuri, Jumlah Total Leukosit, Muara Angke
Evaluation of Two Types Bone Substitutes in Preprosthetic Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Sandu Simona Andreea
Published: October 2024

Bone substitutes are found in natural or synthetic form. Different types of bone substitutes are used, including alloplasts or xenografts. These materials should be biocompatible, and have adequate mechanical properties. Bone substitute materials have become a clinical procedure in the treatment of periodontitis. In current practice, various bone substitutes are used, including alloplasts (β-tricalcium phosphate) and xenografts with good results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alloplasts (β-tricalcium phosphate) and xenografts in the preprosthodontic periodontal therapy of intrabony defects. The study was carried out on a group of patients with severe periodontitis treated by periodontal surgery, in which these materials were used as bone substitutes. Patients presented or not performed fixed prosthetic restorations. These biomaterials function as osteoconductive scaffolds. Both materials ensure the filling of bone defects in periodontal intrabony defects through their own capabilities. Alloplasts (β-tricalcium phosphate) and xenografts are effective in periodontal regeneration. The evaluation of periodontal parameters after the surgical interventions with bone substitutes indicates the favorable prognosis over time of the two types of materials used.
Data Acquisition Model for an Intelligent System Integrating the Creation of Educational Programs and Professional Standards
Authors: Kaibassova Dinara , Ashimbekova Arailym
Published: October 2024

The Digital Kazakhstan program ensures that higher education meets the needs of modern industrialization by developing students' professional skills and competencies. These qualities guarantee that students will be able to quickly adapt to the professional environment and remain competitive in the national and global labor markets after graduation. The aim of this research is to improve the content of educational programs by developing models, methods, and algorithms for an intelligent system for designing educational programs that consider the interrelationships between the subjects studied and the competencies formed through natural language analysis and processing. To achieve the goal, several tasks were solved, including the creation of a data model of educational content (subject programs) and professional content (requirements of professional standards) to study their structural components. This paper presents a model of the professional competencies database and the concept of creating an educational program corresponding to the required skills. This model is based on the analysis of unstructured texts describing the content of educational courses. The work performed has led to two important results. First, the successful prototyping of an intelligent system that dynamically links course content to the required professional competencies. Second, the development of an algorithm that improves the accuracy of matching learning outcomes to industry standards. These achievements prove that educational programs can be designed to better meet the changing demands of the labor market, equipping graduates with the necessary skills to succeed.