bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The face of noncompliance in family interaction
Authors: Goodwin Marjorie H. , Loyd Heather
Published: September 2020

This article examines the co-construction of dispute in parent-child remedial interchanges, where preference for provocation rather than agreement exists. Employing methodologies of video ethnography, linguistic anthropology, and conversation analysis, we examine practices for dispute management in middle class Los Angeles families (1540 h of video across 32 US families were collected and examined between 2002 and 2005) as well as in (sub)-working-class families in the historic center neighborhood of the Quartieri Spagnoli in Napoli, Italy (120 h of video across six families were collected and examined between 2008 and 2010). We problematize the notion that preference structures featuring politeness and moves towards swift social equilibrium in remedial interchanges are the basic organizing principles used in family interaction. Our findings suggest that rather than quickly restoring ritual equilibrium, children can create their own “character contests” in which they compete with parents for control. In response to a child’s breach, noncompliance, or offensive action, the parents can sanction inappropriate behavior, and socialize the child into what counts, in the family culture, as morally appropriate behavior. Whereas in US middle class families, the parents pursue apologies, in Neapolitan (sub)-working-class families, the parents are more concerned about explanations and accounts for inappropriate desires and actions. There is no expectation that the children apologize for untoward behavior. Across culture and class, during adult-child socializing encounters, moral claims intersect with affective stances to develop and negotiate personhood, identity, and adherence to cultural norms.
Dripping with Kindness: The Meaning of rebîbîm
Authors: Eichler Raanan
Published: September 2020

The common noun רְבִיבִים occurs six times in the Hebrew Bible (Deut 32:2; Jer 3:3; 14:22; Mic 5:6; Pss 65:10[10]; 72:6). Its contexts clearly suggest that it belongs to the semantic domain of rain and dew, and that it denotes something desirable. But further precision has eluded interpreters, and the much-discussed Ugaritic words rbb and rb are of little help in this regard. The apparent Akkadian cognate rabbu A, unmentioned in the standard Biblical Hebrew lexica, is considered here, and it is argued on that basis that the word means “gentle rain” or “drizzle.”
Coumaronochromone as antibacterial and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr.: experimental and first-principles approaches
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Irfan Ahmad , Assiri Mohammed A. , Sumrra Sajjad H. , Saleem Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: September 2020

The Aerva plants are exceptionally rich in phytochemicals and possess therapeutics potential. Phytochemical screening shows that Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merr. contains highest contents i.e., total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, anthraquinones and glycosides. In-vitro antibacterial and enzymatic (carbonic anhydrase) inhibition studies on methanol extracts of A. persica indicated the presence of biological active constituents within chloroform soluble portions. Investigation in the pure constituents on the chloroform portions of A. persica accomplished by column chromatography, NMR and MS analysis. The bioguided isolation yields four chemical constituents of coumaronochromone family, namely aervin (1-4). These pure chemical entities (1-4) showed significant antibacterial activity in the range of 60.05–79.21 µg/ml against various bacterial strains using ampicillin and ciprofloxacin as standard drugs. The compounds 1-4 showed promising carbonic anhydrase inhibition with IC50 values of 19.01, 18.24, 18.65 and 12.92 µM, respectively, using standard inhibitor acetazolamide. First-principles calculations revealed comprehensive intramolecular charge transfer in the studied compounds 1-4. The spatial distribution of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, ionization potential, molecular electrostatic potential and Hirshfeld analysis revealed that these coumaronochromone compounds would be proficient biological active compounds. These pure constituents may be used as a new pharmacophore to treat leaukomia, epilepsy, glaucoma and cystic fibrosis.
Microstructure Evolution of Peak-Aged ZK60 Magnesium Alloy under High Strain Rate Deformation
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Shuangjun , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2020

The microstructure evolution of peak-aged ZK60 magnesium alloy under high strain rate deformation was studied by the radial collapse of a thick-walled cylinder technique and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the rod-like β1’ phase was the main precipitated phase in the peak-aged ZK60 magnesium alloy, and precipitate-free regions were present along the grain boundaries. A large number of twins and dislocations were produced in the sample within 4.0 μs after high strain rate loading, and a number of thin and long rod-like β1’ phases were observed within the dislocated tangle of the deformed sample. The length and diameter of the rod-like phases in the samples were gradually reduced, and some of the rod-like phases were converted into spherical phases with increasing strain rate, which indicated that the original precipitated phases were partly dissolved after high strain rate loading. The microhardness of the samples increased from HV80.12 to HV101.20 as the strain rate increased.
Diagnostic testing of autonomous cortisol secretion in adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Ueland Grethe Å , Grinde Thea , Methlie Paal , Kelp Oskar , Løvås Kristian , Husebye Eystein S
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is a condition with ACTH-independent cortisol overproduction from adrenal incidentalomas (AI) or adrenal hyperplasia. The hypercortisolism is often mild, and most patients lack typical clinical features of overt Cushing’s syndrome (CS). ACS is not well defined and diagnostic tests lack validation.

Methods:

Retrospective study of 165 patients with AI evaluated clinically and by assay of morning plasma ACTH, late-night saliva cortisol, serum DHEA sulphate (DHEAS), 24-h urine-free cortisol, and cortisol after dexamethasone suppression.

Results:

Patients with AI (n = 165) were diagnosed as non-functioning incidentalomas (NFI) (n = 82) or ACS (n = 83) according to current European guidelines. Late-night saliva cortisol discriminated poorly between NFI and ACS, showing a high rate of false-positive (23/63) and false-negative (38/69) results. The conventional low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) did not improve the diagnostic specificity, compared with the 1 mg overnight DST. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of DHEAS in the two cohorts demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.76 (P < 0.01) with a sensitivity for ACS of 58% and a specificity of 80% using the recommended cutoff at 1.04 µmol/L (40 µg/dL).

Conclusion:

We here demonstrate in a large retrospective cohort of incidentaloma patients, that neither DHEAS, late-night saliva cortisol nor 24-h urine free cortisol are useful to discriminate between non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas and ACS. The conventional LDDST do not add further information compared with the 1 mg overnight DST. Alternative biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnostic workup of ACS.
The cAMP-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator-induced bovine granulosa cell proliferation
Authors: Zhao Yufen , Yu Boyang , Liu Xinyu , Hu Jitu , Yang Yanyan , Namei Erge , Yang Bingxue , Bai Yue , Qian Yinghong , Li Haijun
Published: September 2020

Although urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR) have been reported to play key roles in ovarian function, their precise contribution to mammalian follicular development remains unclear. In this study, we first observed that PLAU and PLAUR were present in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Following culture of granulosa cells with PLAU (0.5 ng/mL) and PLAUR antibody (10 µg/mL) separately and together for 24 or 48 h, a proliferation assay showed that interaction between PLAU and PLAUR contributes to bovine GC proliferation. To study the potential pathways involved in PLAU/PLAUR-induced cell proliferation, ELISA and Western blotting were performed. We found that PLAU significantly increased the ratio of phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated ERK1/2 through PLAUR signaling. Further treatment with U0126, a specific ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, markedly suppressed PLAU/PLAUR-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. In addition, we found that PLAU and PLAUR significantly increased the intracellular cAMP level and the use of Rp-cAMP, a specific PKA inhibitor, prevented PLAU/PLAUR from promoting activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and GC proliferation. Therefore, the interaction between PLAU and PLAUR may be involved in accumulating cAMP signals and enabling MAPK/ERK1/2 activation, affecting GC proliferation. Here, we provide new mechanistic insights into the roles of PLAU and PLAUR on promoting bovine GC proliferation. The finding that potential cross-points between PLAU/PLAUR-induced intracellular signals affect GC proliferation will help in understanding the mechanisms regulating early follicular development.
Hyperactivation of dormant primordial follicles in ovarian endometrioma patients
Authors: Matsuzaki Sachiko , Pankhurst Michael W
Published: September 2020

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels decrease after surgical treatment of ovarian endometrioma. This is the main reason that surgery for ovarian endometrioma endometriosis is not recommended before in vitro fertilization, unless the patient has severe pain or suspected malignant cysts. Furthermore, it has been suggested that ovarian endometrioma itself damages ovarian reserve. This raises two important challenges: (1) determining how to prevent surgical damage to the ovarian reserve in women with ovarian endometrioma and severe pain requiring surgical treatment and (2) deciding the best treatment for women with ovarian endometrioma without pain, who do not wish to conceive immediately. The mechanisms underlying the decline in ovarian reserve are potentially induced by both ovarian endometrioma and surgical injury but the relative contribution of each process has not been determined. Data obtained from various animal models and human studies suggest that hyperactivation of dormant primordial follicles caused by the local microenvironment of ovarian endometrioma (mechanical and/or chemical cues) is the main factor responsible for the decreased primordial follicle numbers in women with ovarian endometrioma. However, surgical injury also induces hyperactivation of dormant primordial follicles, which may further reduce ovarian reserve after removal of the endometriosis. Although further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying diminished ovarian reserve in women with ovarian endometrioma, the available data strongly suggests the need to prevent/minimize hyperactivation of dormant primordial follicles, regardless of whether surgery is performed, for better clinical management of ovarian endometrioma.
Is It Feasible of Prophylactic Alpha-5 GABA(A) Receptor Blockade for Preventing POCD?
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: September 2020

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). It plays a role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. Also GABA activation is considered as the basis of general anesthesia including intravenous and inhalational anesthetics. Meanwhile, cumulating evidence indicated that GABA is the underlying mechanism of post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Based on these findings, researchers are beginning to focus on GABA as the target to treat POCD, but they ignored the role of GABA in the performance of general anesthesia, especially when the blockade of GABA was given prior to surgery. It is undoubtedly risking our patients in intra-operative awareness. Our exploratory data also verified our hypothesis in which the GABA inhibition would reduce the efficacy of inhalational anesthetics.
Marijuana Legalization: Still an Open Question?
Authors: Wang Frederick F. , Bridgewater Ayman T. , Worden Michael P.
Published: September 2020

Marijuana, a well-studied drug in scientific field, now has been being enabled to be a legal recreational substance by some U.S. states that evoked a wide discussion on its potential effects on our future life. A majority of people hold negative points on this drug; most of them are scientists, educators, physicians, and parents who have kids. However, another huge party who positively advocates the pot legalization is the people like businessmen, retailers, planters, and drug users. Along with the recent approval for banks allowed to open accounts for marijuana business, as well as the vigorous appeal for the drug’s legalization, can the science win over the battle? For the drug itself, we need objectively to evaluate its possible effects. Everything has two sides like a double-edged sword, if you take the yin, and the yang is also there, and then is vise versa. Maybe marijuana legalization for recreational use was an out and out wrong, and maybe it was a wise decision. Who knows? The only thing we can do today is let time tell us the answer.
Adhere to the Principle “Primum Non Nocere”: A Documentary of the Pioneer Scientist in Labor Pain Control in China
Authors: Wang Xian
Published: September 2020

It is hard to avoid risks during daily medical practice. Even though empiricism hurdles the uniformed and standardized procedures, we are still guided by high-graded clinical trials and professional guidelines. Labor pain is considered as the leading cause for seeking Cesarean section in China, whereas how to reach the ideal labor pain control is still not that popular in the most populous country where most of the parous women are blind to the labor analgesia. Dr. Xiaofeng Shen from Nanjing Medical University leads her team march for the goal of “painless labor delivery” by adhering to the principle “primum non nocere”. In collaboration with other domestic and foreign peers, Dr. Shen strives to spread and popularize the knowledge of labor pain control in China, which now has been well-known all over the country for their patient-centered efforts, and has been recognized by Chinese professional and health organizations. For the team of Dr. Shen, the practical principle has been perfected to “primum non nocere, secundus, opinion vulnero”.
DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES IN THE PARADIGM OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Institute of Regional Research named after M. I. Dolishniy of the NAS Ukraine, KRAVTSIV Vasyl , ZHUK Petro ,   Institute of Regional Research named after M. I. Dolishniy of the NAS Ukraine
Published: September 2020

The wider interpretation of the mountain policy notion is outlined. The entities and objects of domestic mountain policy, its forming principles, objectives and tasks are defined. Analysis of parameters of economic development level of mountain regions in Lviv oblast is performed and their negative dynamics is determined. Conclusions are made on low efficiency of mountain policy instruments applied in Ukraine and necessity of their improvement, including through implementation of the best European practices. The mechanisms of mountain territories’ development maintenance applied in European countries are studied. In particular, attention is paid to opportunities for Ukraine to use the instruments of territorial development that encompass not only the EU member states but the neighboring ones as well. In this context the peculiarities of application of new European instrument of countries’ and regions’ cooperation – macro-regional strategies – are shown. The initiative on development with Ukraine’s participation and adoption by the EU authorities of the Carpathian Macro-regional Strategy (MRS) is emphasized. Spatial limits of Carpathian MRS are presented and its priority spheres, most important objectives and tasks are revealed. The issues of introduction of special investment activity regime at Ukraine’s mountain territories are addressed as well. On this basis the attraction of investment into priority economic activity types compatible with ecological features of mountain territories, their natural and resources basis and economic traditions are promoted. Conclusions confirm the necessity to develop and implement modern policy of mountain territories’ development in Ukraine, based on economic support, increased competitiveness, prevention of depopulation, preserving the ecological function and ethno-cultural heritage of mountain regions.
Ensuring the quality of professional activity of civil servants
Authors: Hanotska Svitlana
Published: September 2020

The professional activity of civil servants plays a significant role in streamlining and normalizing the processes of social and economic life of the country. Activities for the practical implementation of tasks and functions of the state in a crisis, aimed at bringing the existing system of public administration to a new level in ensuring the quality of life. Digitization of public space of public administration provides standardization of work processes of civil servants. The issue of ensuring the quality of professional activity of civil servants on the basis of standardization will include a subsystem of competencies as a whole of the quality management system of professional activity.
Agile-philosophy as a tool for using flexible approaches in public administration
Authors: Komarova Kateryna
Published: September 2020

Purpore. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using Agile-philosophy in public administration.Research methodology. The following research methods were used: dialectical method of cognition; logical; system analysis; abstract-logical and others - to justify the importance of using flexible approaches in public administration.Research results. The importance of using Agile-philosophy in public administration is substantiated and recommendations for the use of Scrum-methodology of project management in the activities of public authorities are identified.The practical significance of the research results. The obtained results can become the basis for further research of theoretical and applied nature related to the use of Scrum-commands on the basis of ideas and principles of flexible management technologies in the field of public administration.
Electronic communities in e-government system
Authors: Piskokha Nataliia
Published: September 2020

The deepening digital transformation of society and the resulting changes in the organization of power have a significant impact on the process of creating electronic communities. One of the current trends is the active introduction of elements of the e-government system in the work of local governments. This is more active in cities, but has recently become more widespread in united territorial communities (UTGs). The purpose of the study is to systematize the problematic issues that arise during the creation and operation of electronic communities. The materials of the research "Electronic readiness of OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region" in the framework of preparation of the program "Electronic Dnipropetrovsk region for 2020-2023" are used.
Public services: modern approaches to classification
Authors: Serohina Tetiana
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze the existing approaches to the classification of the public services system and to develop an approach that would meet modern domestic requirements. The urgency is due to the insufficient level of theoretical organization of the general array of public services, hence the practical need for the effective functioning of all areas of the system. The results of the study reveal the relationship between the lack of a proper approach to the classification of the public service system and the heterogeneity of changes that occur in different areas of this system. The existing approaches to the concept of "classification" are considered and the author's definition is offered, it is established that classification acts as an important tool of the theory of public administration. The level of complexity of the "service" category as an object of scientific research and the "public service" category is outlined. Modern approaches to classifications of public services are given, among which it is necessary to allocate (by subjects of service rendering, subjects of reception, by groups of services, by types of services, etc.), but it is established that existing approaches do not allow to organize the whole array of public services. Therefore, the author's approach that meets the requirements of this study is proposed. The conclusions are to substantiate the impossibility of establishing a modern system of public services without the development of adequate approaches to classification. The study clarifies the concept of classification, reveals that existing approaches to the classification of public services do not allow them to properly systematize and organize, resulting in the proposed author's approach to the classification of public services by area of provision, but deserves special attention to the criterion of delegation possibility of public service.
Digitalization of public governance and improvement of legal norms of appeals of service activity of public authorities in Ukraine
Authors: Pechenkin Igor
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article. Describe the stages of development of regulatory and legal regulation of appeals against service activities of public authorities. Investigate theoretical scientific research in this area. Carry out the classification of normative legal acts and propose prospects for improving the current legislation in this area. Justify the need for progress in the provision of management services and determine the date of digitization of public administration.Scientific novelty. A comprehensive theoretical study of the need to change to service-oriented public policy in the field of management services. Needs to improve existing and develop new regulations to improve the mechanisms for appealing service activities, changes in bureaucratic approaches to the provision of service activities by public authorities. A scientific substantiation of the term "digitalization of public administration", the need to change the internal policy of the state in relation to the provision of management services as an effective dialogue in building civil society, as well as improving the quality of regulatory mechanisms for appealing service activities of public authorities.Conclusions. A study of the national development of legal regulation of appealing the results of service activities of public authorities found that it needs to update the retrograde approaches and strengthen control over the quality of development and implementation. An abrupt change is needed, as non-compliance with Ukraine’s binding international norms and effective European practices lacks time for evolution, leading to economic degradation and exacerbating the social crisis.
Value chain analysis of panela production in Utica, Colombia and alternatives for improving its practices
Authors: Martínez Zárate Natalia , Bokelmann Wolfgang , Pachón Ariza Fabio Alberto
Published: September 2020

Panela is mainly produced by small farmers. It is one of themost relevant agroindustries in Colombia. Traditional processing in all production phases is the main characteristic of this product. This research aimed to identify alternatives for panela farmers in the municipality of Utica (Colombia) and to improve their agricultural practices and manufacturing methods. This should help gain better access to markets while making production economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Face to face interviews with different stakeholders as well as an in-depth analysis of different scopes were used to identify problems of the value chain. Low incomes, environmental degradation, and lack of organization were the central issues identified. Nevertheless, traditional crop practices could be a strong argument for gaining a place in the organic food market.
Sobre la lógica en general
Authors: Lambert Johann Heinrich , Martínez Luciana María
Published: September 2020

Se ha intentado realizar una traducción literal del texto de Lambert. En contadas ocasiones se han substituido construcciones sintácticas del alemán por otras que facilitan, a juicio del traductor, la lectura del texto en español. Asimismo, en algunos pasajes se han alterado los signos de puntuación, con la finalidad señalada.
Sobre conceptos y entidades singulares en la Ciencia de la lógica de Hegel: un aporte desde la “lógica subjetiva”
Authors: Herszenbaun Miguel Alejandro
Published: September 2020

En la comparación entre lógica trascendental y lógica especulativa surge la pregunta por cómo entender al proyecto lógico de Hegel en relación con la deducción metafísica y la deducción trascendental de las categorías. En el presente trabajo, me propongo demostrar que la articulación entre lógica objetiva y lógica subjetiva exige entender que el proyecto lógico de Hegel debe tener como una de sus metas la efectiva constitución puramente conceptual de entidades singulares, superándose de esa forma tanto los fines perseguidos por una deducción metafísica como trascendental.
Leonardo da Vinci y la comparación ojo-cámara obscura
Authors: Suarez Cardona Carlos Aberto
Published: September 2020

Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil.
Messina, Aïcha Liviana. L’anarchie de la paix. Levinas et la philosophie politique. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2018, 224 pp.
Authors: Claro Andrés
Published: September 2020

Messina, Aïcha Liviana. L’anarchie de la paix. Levinas et la philosophie politique. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2018, 224 pp.
Relação icônica entre o protagonista e seu discurso em Quincas Borba
Authors: Saraiva Juracy , Andrea Kunz Marinês
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a relação icônica que se estabelece entre a personagem Rubião, de Quincas Borba, e seu discurso, partindo do pressuposto de que esse procedimento expõe o processo crítico-reflexivo de Machado de Assis. A opção pela escrita como prática artesanal está manifestada na “Advertência”, que abre Ressurreição, torna-se visível no confronto entre as duas versões de Quincas Borba e ganha expressividade no tratamento conferido ao discurso do protagonista dessa narrativa. Ao explorar as possibilidades da linguagem, Machado confere aos signos verbais a natureza de gestos e neles imprime o poder de reproduzir especularmente o percurso de Rubião. Essa personagem progride de um estado de dispersão, manifestado por um discurso bivocal, até o da integridade na loucura, quando assume a univocidade discursiva. Ao evidenciar sentidos, os procedimentos narrativos compelem o leitor a buscar a intencionalidade do texto e dele migrar para o do contexto social, onde incide a denúncia do escritor.
Intermedial textures
Authors: Oliveira Solange Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Relying on the concepts of intermediality, ekphrasis and intermedial reference, the essay discusses Gilberto Freyre´s vast œuvre as that of a multiple artist, working in different áreas_ poetry, painting, literary prose_ as well as the author of groundbreaking contributions to the social sciences. The article especially underscores the close relationships between his output in the verbal and in the visual arts, remarkable for their constant reference to events, characters and landscapes analyzed in his sociological texts. In this context, the whole of Freyre´s production may be taken as a multiple, kaleidoscopic text, which, in different media, explores close- knit themes.
“E o verso vem vindo e vem vindo uma melodia de repente/ E que acende a mente e o coração”
Authors: Nobrega Marcelo Vieira da , Ayala Maria Ignez Novais
Published: September 2020

Para além de uma poesia que reenraíza memórias as mais diversas do povo sertanejo, a atividade da cantoria de viola tornou-se também porta-voz dos anseios políticos deste povo. Esta pesquisa, de natureza quali-quantitativa e de base etnográfica, busca, a partir de um recorte de um Festival de Cantadores realizado na cidade de Buenos Aires (PE), em agosto de 2018, investigar – à luz da sociologia de Antônio Cândido – a relação estabelecida entre a tríade Autor-Obra-Público, doravante A-O-P, durante as performances dos improvisos, em um período pré-eleitoral para as eleições de 2018. Assim, pra os modelos de performance e voz segue-se o de Zumthor (1993; 2005; 2010). Por sua vez, as bases etnográficas estão em Geertz (2008). Os dados revelam que na dinâmica que se estabelece na tríade A-O-P, nos improvisos, ocorrem complexas e subjetivas relações entre cantadores e público, com este podendo interferir em todo os momentos do improviso.
Samba
Authors: Alves dos Santos Paulo Roberto , Cajas Mazzutti Luciana Helena
Published: September 2020

A música popular brasileira foi moldada durante as primeiras três décadas do século XX e se desenvolveu a partir da confluência do teatro de revista, da indústria do disco, da radiodifusão e do surgimento do samba. Na década de 1930, surgiu uma geração de compositores talentosos os quais contribuíram decisivamente para a aceitação do samba, o que propiciou as vinculações da música com as estratégias para a execução e o fortalecimento do plano de governo de Getúlio Vargas. Ambientado nesta época, o romance Desde que o samba é samba (2011), de Paulo Lins, representa figuras históricas e situações que remetem ao campo da ficção indivíduos e eventos associados ao nascimento e à consolidação do gênero musical que se transformou em uma das, se não a mais, importantes manifestações da cultura brasileira. Tomando como referência os citados fenômenos socioculturais, o presente trabalho examina relações entre os campos da literatura e da música popular, explicando-as a partir de fatos históricos que marcaram o período em questão.
Cândida Fortes
Authors: Barp Guilherme , Albert Zinani Cecil Jeanine
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é resgatar e analisar criticamente alguns contos de Cândida Fortes, que foram publicados em periódicos não mencionados por diversos estudiosos e biógrafos, a fim de contribuir para a sua inserção na história da literatura e para um aumento de sua fortuna crítica e biográfica. Para tanto, recorreu-se a aportes teóricos da crítica feminista e da teoria literária. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo consiste em pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica e hermenêutica literária, como suporte para a leitura dos textos. Verificou-se que a escritora contribuiu com diversos periódicos, os quais são não são lembrados pelos biógrafos, e que, apesar de raramente reconhecida como contista, possui domínio da técnica de escrever contos, empregada com maestria no que diz respeito à linguagem, ao tempo, ao espaço, e a outros aspectos da criação literária.
CRITICAL THINKING EMBEDDEDNESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMMES
Authors: Valavičienė Natalija , Penkauskienė Daiva , Pivorienė Jolanta , Railienė Asta , Merfeldaitė Odeta , Sadauskas Justinas , Jegelevičienė Violeta , Indrašienė Valdonė
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of this research is to examine how critical thinking is reflected in Lithuanian higher education study programmes and what conceptual model(s) of critical thinking are used by study programme  makers.

Methods. The subject of the study encompasses 8 higher education study programmes and their subjects. They are analysed based on a constructed conceptual framework, which defines 9 critical thinking skills and 18 critical thinking dispositions.

Results. Analysis, evaluation and decision making are the most common critical thinking skills embedded in the goals of a study course and its learning outcomes. Explanation, interpretation and making inferences are less pronounced. Dispositions are listed rarely and in quite an indistinct way. Only open-mindedness and honesty have clear expression and statement in study programmes, though to a lesser extent. Dispositions such as concern for every person, inquisitiveness and flexibility are very fragmented.

Conclusions. For the meantime, critical thinking is neither reflected equally and coherently in all parts of study programmes – course goals, content, described methods and learning outcomes – nor clear conceptual models of critical thinking can be detected.

Research restrictions. The policy of the colleges and universities on providing the descriptions of study programmes and syllabuses publicly, limits their accessibility. Due to the sampling of study programmes, the research represents only selected study programmes.

Practical application. The created framework may be used to study programmes’ development by introducing the defined critical thinking skills in the descriptions of the study programmes more systematically.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE APPROACHES ENHANCING THE MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Tümkaya Songül , Ulum Hakan
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyse the conducted studies in order to reveal the effect of the strategies, methods and techniques used in elementary school mathematics courses, to apply critical strategies based on impartiality, and to critically evaluate and synthesize them.

Methods. In this systematic review study, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was used in order to prepare the systematic review protocol. The studies were based on students’ achievement resulting from student-centred strategy, methods and techniques.

Results. The results of the study show that the number of participants of the primary studies centred on the range of 31- 60 to 90 and above. Moreover, the total number of studies conducted in different countries constitutes a significant proportion of the studies included. In most of the studies (f=87), significant differences were found in favour of the experimental group.

             Conclusion. Within the framework of the inclusion criteria of the research, it can be concluded that student-centred strategy methods and techniques statistically change the students' mathematics achievement. Among these methods and techniques, Realistic Mathematics Education, Computer Assisted Teaching Method, and Collaborative Learning Method were prominent.
Tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity of the situation and anxiety as a state and as a feature
Authors: Bokuniewicz Sylwia
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of the undertaken research is to explain to what extent the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity of the situation is associated with anxiety as a state and with anxiety as a trait.

Methods. The survey was conducted in electronic form with the aid of a form created on the Profitest.pl platform. The Uncertainty Tolerance Scale (own translation), COPE, STAI and Ambiguity tolerance scale were used. The examined variables were: coping with stress, feeling of anxiety as a state and anxiety as a trait (explained variables); uncertainty tolerance and ambiguity tolerance (explanatory variables).

Results and conclusion. The research shows that people who feel anxious in uncertainty situations can absorb it and start using it as a trait. It was also noted that the greater the tolerance of uncertainty they have to reply to, the worse they cope in critical ambiguity situations. It has also been found that in order to overcome discomfort in difficult situations, people use equal coping strategies. Greater ambiguity tolerance allows participants to experience less stress. On the other hand, the lower the tolerance, the more often they reach for emotional and instrumental support and focus on emotions.

Originality. Understanding the mediating processes related to the studied phenomenon may be of fundamental importance in the development of support systems promoting the improvement of mental functioning of people who have problems with quick adaptation to changes and in the creation of appropriate prevention programs aimed at helping these people.
ISSUE OF HOLOCAUST TEACHING AT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: HOPTOVÁ LUCIÁNA
Published: September 2020

Aim. The primary aim of the study is to examine how the issue of Holocaust is integrated into teaching of history at primary schools and grammar schools in the Slovak Republic. The secondary aim is to present the methodological ideas, suggestions and recommendations for teaching Holocaust in Slovak schools.

Methods. The subject of the study is analysis of basic state educational documents defining the compulsory content of education and training for the school subject of history at primary school and grammar school, thus the National Educational Programme for lower secondary education (second stage of primary school) and the National Educational Programme for grammar schools (completed secondary general education), with emphasis to Holocaust. The method of analysis is applied to textbooks of history that contain information of Holocaust. The study also includes a detailed analysis of methodological recommendations and suggestions prepared by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the National Institute for Education to assist teachers in teaching Holocaust issue. The study is supplemented by knowledge from educational practice what was obtained through interview method with 15 teachers of history.

Results. Holocaust is an integral part of teaching history at primary schools and grammar schools. Students get acquainted with Holocaust issue in Slovak and global historical context in the 9th year of primary school and in the 3rd year of grammar school with a four-year educational programme. The basic content of education is defined in the eduational standards of national educational programmes. Teachers can specify and concentize it even more within teaching of history. Its development is aided not only by textbooks of history but also by various educational and professional activities defined in various methodological materials and manuals.
Power as knowledge. The reverse logic of the post-scientific world
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander
Published: September 2020

This article deals with the causes and effects of a surrender to anti-science in social development. Populist governments support the idea of anti-science in an attempt to win over poorly-educated electors. The text analyses the fundamental characteristics of the pressure mechanisms adopted by populist movements, and points to the system of measures in various spheres which help in fostering general ignorance and support anti-scientific operations. For the agents of power science, and the system of values which accompanies it, becomes a target to attack. Simultaneously, for the average person scientific knowledge ceases to be the basis of analysis and interpretation of different phenomena. Anti-science regimes support anti-science movements in order to manipulate society and disrupt potential opposition. This is possible thanks to superficial education and not enough emphasis on critical thinking within the education system, because less discerning citizens will go along with an anti-science regime.

            Analysis leads to the conclusion that the narrow short-term material interest of the regime is its only value, to which all others are subordinated, including Plato’s triad. In the face of a lack of understanding on the part of the authorities, education based on episteme is not possible, at least not entirely. This article suggests the need for change in the philosophy of education to one where the major emphasis is on quality and prioritised content.
God’s not dead 1 - Open Education Model of religious education in the world of mixed values
Authors: Zamkowska Iwona
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to explore the functionality of the Open Education Model of religious education for the “form[ation of] an internal moral compass,” as Steven Hitlin and Jane Allyn Piliavin (2004) describe the modern understanding of values. In other words, the author will attempt to explore first what the model has to offer in terms of equipping students with the necessary skills so that they will successfully navigate through the conflict of values, and second the potential application and limitations of the model.

Methods. The exploration is based on a 2014 production by Pure Flix Entertainment, the first movie in the God’s not Dead series. The author will consider two educational cases presented in the movie using a close reading method.

Results. The study seems to prove that that the God’s not Dead movie accurately portrays the conflict of values experienced by young adults in present-day America. It also appears to consistently promote the Open Education Model as a type of religious education that provides considerable assistance to the learners in retaining their beliefs in the world of mixed values, especially in the time of crisis. The model appears to lend sound conceptual framework missing in other models, but its full application is time and effort consuming and fails to provide more comprehensive approach to religious diversity.

Conclusion. The Open Education Method of religious instruction in the environment dominated by a multicultural approach, seems to offer valuable concepts that may facilitate educational process proposed by other models and thus deserves more thorough consideration in academic research.
The slope of the pelvis is variable in dogs but does not show correlation with femoral subluxation
Authors: Csébi Péter , Tichy Alexander , Gumpenberger Michaela , Ludewig Eberhard
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of the slope of the pelvis in different dog breeds and the correlation between pelvic slope and femoral subluxation. The sacrum–pelvis angle (SPA), the angulation between the sacrum and the axis of the ilium was created to represent the differences in the slope of the pelvis on lateral pelvic radiographs. The Norberg angle (NA) was used to quantify the femoral subluxation on hip-extended radiographs. Archived standard ventrodorsal hip radiographs and lateral lumbosacral radiographs of the same dogs were retrieved and a single observer measured the SPA and the NA in each case. A total of 180 dogs from six different breeds were sampled. The SPA varied between 40° and 71.5° and the NA between 71.2° and 113.9°. The findings indicated that there are significant individual and interbreed variations in the slope of the pelvis. However, no significant relationship between the slope of the pelvis and femoral subluxation could be identified.
Characterisation of the cerebrospinal fluid of horses with West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease
Authors: Kutasi Orsolya , Fehér Orsolya , Sárdi Sára , Balogh Nándor , Nagy Anna , Moravszki Leticia , Bódai Emese , Szenci Ottó
Published: September 2020

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes between wild birds (natural hosts) and other vertebrates. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Owing to the close contact of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with the extracellular fluid of the brain, the analysis of CSF composition can reflect central nervous system (CNS) impairments enabling the diagnosis and understanding of various neurodegenerative CNS disorders. Our objective was to compare the findings from the CSF samples of horses with neuroinvasive WNV infection with those of healthy controls. We compared findings from fifteen CSF samples of 13 horses with acute WNV encephalomyelitis with those of 20 healthy controls. Protein, particular enzymes and ions, glucose and lactate showed abnormal levels in a significant number of WNV cases. None of the six horses with elevated glucose concentrations survived. Rather neutrophilic than mononuclear pleocytosis was identified with WNV infection. Neutrophils probably play a role in the development of inflammatory response and brain damage. Although elevated glucose levels reliably predicted the outcome, they might be the consequence of increased plasma levels and reflect general stress rather than CNS pathophysiology. The CSF findings of WNV encephalomyelitis patients are non-specific and variable but facilitate the differential diagnosis.
HPLC-UV method for quantification of favipiravir in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Bulduk İbrahim
Published: September 2020

Favipiravir (FVP), a pyrazine analog, has shown antiviral activity against a wide variety of viruses. It is considered to be worth further investigation as a potential candidate drug for COVID-19. It is not officially available in any pharmacopoeia. A rapid, simple, precise, accurate, and isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for routine quality control of favipiravir in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation was carried out by C18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.3) and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. The ultraviolet (UV) detection and column temperature were 323 nm, and 30 °C, respectively. The run time was 15 min under these chromatographic conditions. Excellent linear relationship between peak area and favipiravir concentration in the range of 10–100 μg mL−1 has been observed (r2, 0.9999). Developed method has been found to be sensitive (limits of detection and quantification were 1.20 μg mL−1 and 3.60 μg mL−1, respectively), precise (the interday and intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) values for peak area and retention time were less than 0.4 and 0.2%, respectively), accurate (recovery, 99.19–100.17%), specific and robust (% RSD were less than 1.00, for system suitability parameters). Proposed method has been successfully applied for quantification of favipiravir in pharmaceutical formulations.
Dative antecedents for reflexives and pronouns
Authors: Witkoś Jacek , Łęska Paulina
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to advance a comprehensive theory of binding, which can account for all binding patterns found in Polish, some of which are particularly puzzling for traditional and novel formulations of Binding Theory. Namely, Polish reflexive pronouns/possessives are typically (nominative) subject oriented but they can also have dative Object Experiencers, OEs, as antecedents. Yet, OEs are also appropriate local antecedents for pronominal possessives. Our analysis explains the complementarity of pronouns and reflexives and lack thereof by assuming that the Spell-out form of the reflexive/pronoun is determined by its covert movement, while a binding dependency is established via Agree for [var(iable):_] feature.