bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Metode Talaqqi Musyafahah dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Tajwid di Kolej Vokasional Temerloh Pahang Malaysia
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Al Ikhlas
Published: August 2024

Pronounced incorrectly from the point of view of makhraj, sifat al-hurf and dialect among adult students at three centres for the adult student of the Quran, in institutions PPQM Quranic Centre, Tartil Center and Al-Jazari Centre. This study uses a quantitative method through a set of reading quality test instruments from six of verses in Quran conducted on 70 respondents consisting of adult students who are participating in program one to one of Talaqqi Al-Quran by Riwayat of Hafs at the PPQM Quranic Centre. Tartil Centre and Al-Jazari Centre. The result found 20 arabic letter that were pronounced incorrectly by the respondents, of which the highest word was the letter Zai (75.7%) and then in Dhad (72.8%). The lowest word is Ta (7.1%) followed by the word Shin (8.5%). The study also found there is a mistake in the makhraj of the arabic letter of the Quran, which is the highest from the point of view of the sifat al-hurf, which involves 14 arabic letter (70%), there is more mistakes in the Arab dialect of 11 arabic letter (55%) and mistakes in the pronunciation of arabic letter involving 9 arabic letter (45%). This study will provide guidance to the relevant parties in planning and implementing effective teaching in improving the quality of the pronunciation of the arabic letter of the Quran among adult student in Malaysia.
TOPOGRAPHIC-ANATOMIC AND PHARMACOLOGY JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF THE METHOD OF HAND ANESTHESIA
Authors: Biriuk Ihor , Khmara Tatiana , Komar Tetiana , Zamorskii Ihor , Kovalchuk Petro , Kukovs’ka Iryna , Sykyrytska Tatiana
Published: August 2024

The need to study anatomical and functional features of the hand is determined by the tendency to increase the number of hand injuries both among military personnel and among civilians who suﬀ ered from hostilities in Ukraine.The study aimed to justify the choice of the method of analgesia in the hand region, taking into account topographic- anatomical and pharmacological features.Material and methods. A study of topographical anatomical and pharmacological justiﬁ cation of the choice of the method of anesthesia of the hand has been carried out through the comparison of the data of the existing practice guidelines for hand analgesia, considering the modern conditions of providing medical care in Ukraine.The results. In everyday practice, sensitivity disorders of the skin of ﬁ ngers and hands are recognized during examination based on the territorial distribution of nerves. Conductor blockade at the level of the wrist allows for painless surgery on any part of the hand: anesthesia occurs after 10-15 minutes, so it is recommended to add inﬁ ltration anesthesia to the intervention area. Recently, the method of introducing a local anesthetic with adrenaline for regional anesthesia under ultrasound control (ropivacaine or lidocaine, etc.) has become widespread, which provides longer anesthesia in smaller doses. At the same time, ultrasound imaging is recommended for any regional blockades, except for blockades on the ﬁ ngers.In long-term and traumatic operations on the hand, traumatologists use high conduction, perineural anesthesia, choosing supraclavicular subclavian or axillary parts of the shoulder plexus. Regional anesthesia is a useful technique that can signiﬁ cantly reduce or relieve extremity pain without the risk of opioid side eﬀ ects or benzodiazepines, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. However, with this technique, there is a risk of severe side eﬀ ects, as well as lethality with proximal injections or anesthetic administration directly into the vessel. With this in mind, an attempt has been made in the instructions to ﬁ nd a balance between the overall risks and potential beneﬁ ts of this method, recommending the optimal execution technique (for example, the use of ultrasound), a limited number of areas of the blockade, and the safest combination of drugs and their doses.Conclusions. It is necessary to know the topographical and anatomical relationship of nerves and arteries of the hand, as well as the pharmacokinetics of painkillers and sedatives to solve important theoretical problems related to hand surgery.
PROFESSOR YURIY TANASIYOVYCH AHTEMIYCHUK – A COLLEAGUE BY PROFESSION AND THE AUTHOR OF PRODUCING LIFE
Authors: Pykalyuk Vasyl , Slobodian Oleksandr
Published: August 2024

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MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND DISEASES
Authors: Dikal Mariana , Ferenchuk Yelena , Bilous Tetiana , Kopchuk Tamara , Bilous Volodymyr
Published: August 2024

The aim of article is a focus on the sources of free radicals in the mitochondria and reactive oxygen species induced diseases. Mitochondria are the site of important biochemical pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a part of the ureagenesis cycle, haem synthesis and regulation of Ca2+ concentration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and need to constantly repair and replace their components to function. Mitochondria, as the major ATP producer and the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant producer exert a crucial role within the cell metabolism. And mitochondria represent an important target for oxidative damage, which can lead to the death of mitochondria and cell, because damaged mitochondria produce increasingly more ROS. New scientiﬁ c evidence indicates that regulating mitochondrial dynamics could prolong life-span and is beneﬁ cial for health because of preventing some diseases (cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and kidney and liver disorders, aging-r elated diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and others).
MODERN VIEWS ON METHODS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TIBIAL DEFECTS AFTER GUNSHOT INJURIES
Authors: Kovalchuk Petro , Khmara Tatiana , Komar Tetiana
Published: August 2024

In modern conditions of war, signiﬁ cant defects of the tibial bone are one of the most serious consequences of gunshot injuries. The main causes of such defects include large gunshot injuries with loss of bone tissue, radical treatment of a fracture wound with removal of fragments together with the periosteum, radical operations with resection of large areas of bone in osteomyelitis, congenital underdevelopment of bones, simultaneous damage to vessels and nerves, as well as anatomical and physiological features of the limb.Injury to the tibia often leads to distortion and thickening of the ﬁ bula, which sometimes fuses with the tibial fragments, partially restoring the function of the limb. Signiﬁ cant tibial defects usually lead to permanent disability.The consequences of such injuries are characterized by gross anatomical violations of the bone and surrounding soft tissues, scars tightly fused with the underlying tissues, muscle atrophy, trophic disorders, contractures, and ankylosis of large joints. In many cases, a hidden infection remains in the area of the debris for a long time, which complicates treatment.The most common method of replacing bone defects is bone tissue transplantation. In 1852, Pirogov was the ﬁrst to carry out osteoplastic amputation of the lower leg, initiating the development of other types of bone plastic surgery, in particular, bone grafting on the feeder leg. Modern methods include transplanting the ﬁbula bone on the feeder leg, which provides better conditions for the graft to take root. One-stage transplantation is recommended for large defects, while two-stage transplantation is recommended for small defects in the lower third of the bone. Successful performance of such operations ensures complete replacement of the defect and restoration of limb function.The choice of the method of surgical treatment depends on the nature, size, and localization of the bone defect, the condition of the surrounding tissues, and the general condition of the patient.Summarizing the literature review, it can be emphasized that the diﬃ cult challenges of today stimulate the prospects of further scientiﬁ c research. Every scientiﬁ c discovery in medicine is due to the necessity and challenge of the time in which researchers live.
Corporate Debt Maturity Matters for Monetary Policy
Authors:   University of Bonn, Jungherr Joachim , Meier Matthias ,   University of Mannheim, Reinelt Timo ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Schott Immo ,   Federal Reserve Board
Published: August 2024

We provide novel empirical evidence that firms’ investment is more responsive to monetary policy when a higher fraction of their debt matures. In a heterogeneous firm New Keynesian model with financial frictions and endogenous debt maturity, two channels explain this finding: (1.) Firms with more maturing debt have larger roll-over needs and are therefore more exposed to fluctuations in the real interest rate (roll-over risk). (2.) These firms also have higher default risk and therefore react more strongly to changes in the real burden of outstanding nominal debt (debt overhang). Unconventional monetary policy, which operates through long-term interest rates, has larger effects on debt maturity but smaller effects on output and inflation than conventional monetary policy.
Stages of Formation and Main Directions of Theoretical Historiology
Authors:   Vologda State University, Morozov Yuri N.
Published: August 2024

The article explores the conceptual basis of the category “theoretical historiography” and outlines the chronological framework of its emergence in scholarly discourse. It examines the general genesis of historiography, tracing its development from early positivist concepts to modern humanitarian doctrines. Methodological specificity of analytical (positivist), hermeneutic, idealist, and narrative-linguistic types of historiography are delineated, along with their key proponents. The paradigmatic interrelation of these trends is substantiated. Structural and comparative analysis of the considered types of historical cognition is carried out. Current issues in modern historical methodology are addressed, emphasizing the role of reflexive analysis as an integral component of modern scientific theory. The phenomenon of nostalgia and the sublime are meticulously explored as mechanisms of insight in historical cognition. The author compares the natural science and humanitarian paradigms in historical research, substantiates their complementarity, which serves as a synthetic basis for modern historical epistemology, and asserts the key importance of historical science in the formation of the conceptual apparatus of modern philosophy of knowledge.
Social Imprinting and Impressing as Objects of Socio-Humanitarian Knowledge (Theoretical and Methodological Foundations and Promising Directions)
Authors:   Penza State University, Viktorova Elena V.
Published: August 2024

The article presents a vision for the study of the bio-social phenomena of imprinting and impressing within the scope of socio-humanitarian knowledge, in line with modern scientific trends towards interdisciplinarity. It is shown that the interest in these phenomena, which has gone beyond the framework of ethology into the social and humanitarian field and the transfer of emphasis in their biosocial nature from the biocomponent to the sociocultural one, makes it possible to outline scientific prospects for their multidimensional study, significant from both theoretical and practical points of view. It seems productive to analyze the functioning of imprinting and impressing as mechanisms for the formation of value guidelines and behavioral reactions of individuals in various spheres of public life: morality, religion, politics, art, economics, etc. he necessity of defining the role of social imprinting and impressing as mechanisms for managing public consciousness with various consequences is identified. The significance of recognizing the role of impressing as a catalyst for human creative activity, which under favorable socio-cultural conditions leads to significant achievements in science, art, and social life, is particularly emphasized. It is shown that on the scale of social and humanitarian knowledge, imprinting and impressing appear as phenomena, the functioning of which demonstrates a close connection between the biological and sociocultural, rational and irrational, individual and social.
Risks and Opportunities of Digital Transformation in Social Systems amid Technological Modernization
Authors:   Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, Milovzorova Mariia N.
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the issue of cultivating a culture of continuous learning as a response to the significant challenges posed by technological modernization. Previously, this mode of education was considered a “luxury item” that provided individuals with competitive advantages, enabling them to surpass their peers in professional development. Nowadays, however, the practical realization of a conscious need for continuous learning has become a survival factor. The culture of continuous learning is grounded in a continuous curiosity about the world. Due to the implementation of indoctrinative methodologies in the post-Soviet education system, this culture was significantly undermined. The formation of such a culture is crucial not only for the survival of individual citizens but also for the state as a whole, as it concerns educational sovereignty. This process can also be interpreted as the foundation for managing mass behavior. In conclusion, fostering a culture of lifelong learning is essential in the context of technological modernization. The ability to continuously adapt and learn is fundamental for managing societal behavior and ensuring a nation’s competitive edge in the global arena.
The Problem of Stigmatization in Modern Newspeak
Authors:   Nizhny Tagil State Socio-Pedagogical Institute (branch) Russian State Vocational Pedagogical  University, Oleshkova Anna M.
Published: August 2024

The article defines the features of newspeak in the context of social and political philosophy. Based on the methodology of discursive research, constructionism, and postmodernism, modern newspeak is characterized as a quasi-political language, a synthesis of the language of ideology and network language. Speaking subjects use newspeak as a way of stigmatizing the Other. Stigma and stigmatization reinforce the “friend – foe” dichotomy, reflecting a negative attitude towards certain groups of people and influencing individual identities through the language of hostility, enemy image formation, and ideological manipulation. The circulation of newspeak in social media underscores its distinctive features, including virtual anonymity, digital footprints, conspiracy theories, manipulation, groupthink, and the formation of echo chambers. Stigmatization exploits and amplifies the role of stereotypes and prejudices in constructing the image of the Other based on specific linguistic constructions and subject alienation. Newspeak, as a quasi-political language, intertwines the political and non-political, political and historical. Mutual stigmatization of speaking subjects, within the context of historiophilosophical and civilizational disputes about Russia’s future, can be conceptualized through the opposition of “dehumanization vs. Messianism”.
The Role of Russian Coal in Modern World Energy Sector
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Lichkovakha Daria V.
Published: August 2024

The primary task of modern society is to ensure energy security and the provision of energy to the countries worldwide. Due to the limited and uneven distribution of traditional energy resources against the background of the desire for economic growth of society, the problem of partnerships between their owners and consumers is becoming increasingly significant. The energy structure of the world economy in the 21st century is going through a series of transformational changes of a different nature: the social culture of resource consumption is changing, new key participants in energy markets are emerging, and a global shift in export-import ties is taking place. These transformations have particularly impacted the reduction in the coal industry’s volume. However, coal remains the most accessible resource for most industrial countries, capable of ensuring the stability of modern energy systems, thereby intensifying competition for markets and sources of coal. Based on general scientific research methods, such as analysis and synthesis of statistical data, data aggregation, it has been established that Russia maintains the leading positions globally in coal reserves, production volumes and exports of coal, but a clear trend towards a reduction in industry indicators is outlined. Consequently, a comprehensive set of measures is necessary to increase Russia’s influence in the global coal market, from coal mining methods and deep coal processing to identifying new promising markets.
The article examines the specific contours of models of the institutional principle of separation of powers using the example of the constitutions of African countries. The novelty of the study is the identification of differences in approaches, as well as problems of the origin, modern development and implementation of the principle of separation of powers as the basis of the constitutional system in African countries. The use of the comparative legal method made it possible to determine national characteristics in the context of the constitutional establishment of the principle of separation of powers; a combination of analytical and historical approaches made it possible to trace the formation of the constitutional and legal foundations of state power in African countries. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the principle of separation of powers, embedded in constitutions within specific models, is similar from the point of view of the legal approach, but belonging to a particular national legal family and regional characteristics influenced its implementation in different socio-political conditions in African countries.
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Dorodonova Natalia V.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the specific contours of models of the institutional principle of separation of powers using the example of the constitutions of African countries. The novelty of the study is the identification of differences in approaches, as well as problems of the origin, modern development and implementation of the principle of separation of powers as the basis of the constitutional system in African countries. The use of the comparative legal method made it possible to determine national characteristics in the context of the constitutional establishment of the principle of separation of powers; a combination of analytical and historical approaches made it possible to trace the formation of the constitutional and legal foundations of state power in African countries. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the principle of separation of powers, embedded in constitutions within specific models, is similar from the point of view of the legal approach, but belonging to a particular national legal family and regional characteristics influenced its implementation in different socio-political conditions in African countries.
Unified History Textbook: Preservation of Historical Memory in the Context of a National Strategic Priority
Authors:   Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, Senina Evgeniya A.
Published: August 2024

The article addresses the issue of implementing a unified approach to historical knowledge in the context of the national strategic priority of the Russian Federation by creating a unified history textbook. The principle of preserving historical memory, implemented in the creation of such a textbook, is investigated. The aim of the article is to analyze the relevance of a unified history textbook as a means of countering destructive ideologies that influence the youth's mindset. The article notes that in the context of the information war between Russia and the West, the issue of protecting historical memory from the falsification of history becomes increasingly urgent, and one way to address this challenge is to ensure the accessibility of reliable primary sources. The author argues that national unified history textbooks, reflecting a coherent and scientifically substantiated concept of Russia’s historical past, are designed to cultivate critical thinking regarding current events and to foster a sense of patriotism and civic responsibility among the youth. The principle of preserving historical truth is enshrined in several decrees by the President of the Russian Federation, including the Presidential Decree No. 314 of May 8, 2024, “On Approving the Foundations of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Historical Education”, which establishes a unified approach to teaching history in secondary schools. The author concludes that the state is undertaking extensive efforts to preserve historical memory, aimed at preventing the falsification of history in the field of school historical education.
National Project “Digital Culture” and the Impact of Digital Technologies on Modern Society
Authors:   Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov,, Etchue Carl Hymans Olivier
Published: August 2024

The modern world is constantly changing due to the influence of digital technologies. The process of digitalization, which is a logical continuation of computerization and informatization, has gradually encompassed many spheres of society over time. In Russia, the transition to digital technologies has become an inevitable process. Having embarked on the path of economic development through digital technologies, innovations and increasing human capital, the main goal of digitalization is to create the most comfortable conditions for the use of information data by every member of society. The national project “Digital Culture” implemented in Russia is aimed at the training of future specialists in the field of information technology and the introduction of technological innovations in all spheres of society, as well as the creation of a society with a high level of digital literacy, which will become one of the main factors of the country’s economic transformation. However, despite the positive results of the introduction of digital technologies in the social sphere and education system, this process is associated with risks that are important to consider in order to avoid unfavorable consequences.
Solubility, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch-Chitosan Film Incorporated with Red Cabbage Extract
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohammed Manshor Norasmah
Published: August 2024

Plastics from synthetic petroleum for food packaging raise a concern in waste disposal and food safety. Therefore, biodegradable polymers or biopolymers have emerged as a viable alternative to non-biodegradable plastics in food packaging and preservation besides protecting the environment. In this work, the aim was to develop cassava starch-chitosan film containing red cabbage extract and to determine the effect of red cabbage extract on the properties of the film. The film was prepared by casting method and the film solubility, tensile strength, elongation at break and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) were determined. The solubility of cassava starch-chitosan film was 58.3%, followed by 58.8%, 59.6% and 61.1% for cassava starch-chitosan films containing 5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml red cabbage extract, respectively. The tensile strength of film containing 5 ml red cabbage extract was higher than cassava starch-chitosan film without red cabbage extract which are 0.533 MPa and 0.417 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, elongation at break of the film without red cabbage extract increased from 22.20% to 30.33% with the increased of red cabbage extract. From TGA, the addition of red cabbage extract caused the film to decompose at high temperature, which boosts thermal stability compared to film without red cabbage extract. Overall, this study concluded that the incorporation of red cabbage extract improved the properties of cassava starch-chitosan film which potentially be employed as an alternative material in food packaging applications.
The Evolution of Interfacial Intermetallic Compound Growth and Solder Joint Strength of Sn-40Pb/Cu under Thermal Aging
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Mayappan Ramani
Published: August 2024

A solder joint serves as a mechanical support and heat dissipator in an electronics board. Thus, logically, there is a need for high reliability. The reliability of solder joints in electronic systems is an issue that affects all aspects of the production and use stages. In any aspect of packaging technology, the reliability of solder joints plays an important role in determining the lifetime of electronic devices. In this study, the intermetallic formation and solder joint strength of a conventional Sn-Pb solder were investigated. The solder joints were prepared at 250 oC with a soldering time of 1 min. The solder joints were aged at various temperatures and times. Aging was performed at 50, 100 and 150º C for 100, 250 and 500 h. For intermetallic observation, the solder joint was cross-sectioned and mounted in epoxy resin. After polishing, the surface was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for intermetallic study. The joint strength was measured using an Instron machine and the fracture surface was observed using a SEM. For a low aging temperature and duration, a Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound was formed with a scalloped morphology. This intermetallic structure was transformed into a flat structure at higher aging temperatures and durations. As aging progressed, another thin and flat intermetallic layer formed near the Cu interface. The intermetallic compound was identified as Cu3Sn. The solder joint strength degraded at a later stage of aging owing to the excessive growth of the intermetallic. Being brittle in nature and having higher volume fraction compared to the bulk solder, these intermetallics weaken the solder joint strength. A solder joint break occurred at the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic/solder interface under all aging conditions.
Alkaline Modified Archidendron jiringa Peel as an Efficient Biosorbent for Methylene Blue Dye Removal
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,Malaysia, Ibrahim Shariff
Published: August 2024

Archidendron jiringa peel was investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The raw Archidendron jiringa peel (RAJ) was modified using a sodium hydroxide solution to enhance its adsorption capacity. The modification process resulted in a cleaner and uniform surface on the peel, as revealed by SEM micrograph characterization. Batch experiments demonstrated that the chemically modified Archidendron jiringa peel (MAJ) exhibited higher adsorption capacity compared to the RAJ, attributable to the improved surface properties. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Isotherm modeling revealed that the adsorption of MB conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity increased from 22.09 mg g-1 for the RAJ to 42.18 mg g-1 for the MAJ. The adsorption capacity was influenced by pH,with higher adsorption observed at pH values above the point of zero charge (pHzpc), while it decreased with increasing biosorbent dosage due to adsorption site saturation. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of NaOH modified A. jiringa peel as an effective biosorbent for the removal of MB dye from wastewater.
Synthesis, Characterizations and Multivariate Data Analysis of Non- and Nitrile-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Silver(I) and Palladium(II)
Authors:   Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Pagoh Campus), Eduhub Tinggi Pagoh 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Nazri Muhammad Zulhelmi ,   School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Published: August 2024

This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of asymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) benzimidazolium salts and their corresponding silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes. Two series of benzimidazolium salts were synthesized: N-benzyl-N'-(n-benzonitrile) benzimidazolium bromides (1Br - 3Br, n = 2, 3, 4) and N-benzyl-N'-(nmethylbenzene)benzimidazolium bromides (4Br - 6Br, n = 2, 3, 4). The salts were prepared via N-alkylation and subsequently reacted with Ag2O to yield silver(I) NHC complexes(Ag1 - Ag6). Transmetallation of these silver complexes with Pd(COD)Cl2 produced the corresponding palladium(II) NHC complexes (Pd1 - Pd6). All compounds were characterized using melting point determination, CHN elemental analysis, FTIR-ATR, and 1Hand 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The successful formation of benzimidazolium salts was confirmed by 1H-NMR singlet peaks at δ 9.96-10.25 ppm and 13C-NMR peaks at δ 114.3-143.55 ppm. The formation of metal-NHC complexes was evidenced by the disappearance of the acidic proton and the appearance of carbene peaks in the 13C-NMR spectra. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explore relationships among the compounds based on their NMR data. The PCA of 1 H-NMR data revealed clear separation and clustering of benzimidazolium salts and silver(I)-NHC complexes, with the first two principal components explaining 95.56% of the total variance. Similarly, the PCA of 13C-NMR data showed distinct clustering of benzimidazolium salts, silver(I)-NHC, and palladium(II)- NHC complexes, with 82.48% of the total variance explained by the first two principal components. These results demonstrate the ability of PCA to differentiate and classify the compounds based on their structural features and functional groups. This study showcases the potential of combining spectroscopic data with chemometric techniques for gaining insights into structural relationships in inorganic synthesis chemistry, which can be valuable for understanding the properties and potential applications of these NHC complexes.
High Vacuum PVD Technique for Enhancing ZnO Thin Films: Optical and Electrical Characterization
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Nadzri Allina
Published: August 2024

This study explores the fabrication of high-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films using a high-vacuum deposition process. ZnO, a material of significant interest due to its extensive applications, necessitates reliable deposition techniques. The research is segmented into three stages: sample preparation and cleaning, fabrication, and characterization. Soda lime glass (SLG) substrates were utilized, with metallic Zn deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) using electron beam deposition (e-Beam). Post-deposition, the Zn films were annealed at various temperatures to induce oxidation into ZnO. The resultant films were analyzed through UV-VIS spectrophotometry and Hall Effect measurements to assess their optical and electrical properties. The primary aim was to develop ZnO thin films using e-Beam technology in a high vacuum environment (1 x 10-5 Torr), with a novel focus on reducing annealing time for ZnO thin films at elevated temperatures under atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between deposition parameters and film qualities, enabling precise tuning of ZnO thin film characteristics. This research holds significant potential for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and LEDs. The controlled deposition method established here can be commercialized, facilitating the mass production of high-quality ZnO thin films with tailored properties to meet the growing industrial demand.
OPTIMASI AKTIVITAS ENZIM SELULASE OLEH KONSORSIUM BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DARI SALURAN PENCERNAAN RAYAP Cryptotermes sp. UNTUK PEMANFAATAN JERAMI PADI
Authors: Peristiwati Peristiwati , Sanjaya Yayan , Istiqomah Anggi
Published: August 2024

Enzim selulase merupakan enzim komersial yang berperan penting sebagai biokatalis dalam berbagai proses industri, seperti industri tekstil, kertas, makanan, medis, detergen, dan lainnya. Produksi enzim selulase dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan limbah selulosa, salah satunya jerami padi. Di Indonesia, jerami padi merupakan limbah pertanian terbesar namun pemanfaatannya belum optimal, biasanya digunakan untuk makanan ternak, media tumbuh jamur atau dibakar di lahan pertanian. Substrat selulosa dapat dihidrolisis oleh mikroorganisme selulolitik, salah satunya bakteri yang berasal dari saluran pencernaan rayap. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pH dan suhu yang optimal untuk produksi selulase bakteri yang diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan rayap Cryptotermes sp. Seleksi bakteri selulolitik dilakukan pada media Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) dengan indikator adanya zona bening yang dihasilkan di sekitar koloni bakteri selulolitik. Pre-treatment secara mekanik dan kimiawi dilakukan terlebih dahulu pada substrat jerami padi. Media SmF digunakan sebagai media produksi enzim selulase. Penentuan suhu dan pH optimal yaitu dengan variasi suhu 36,5 oC dan 37,5oC, sedangkan variasi pH medium 7 dan 8. Aktivitas enzim selulase diukur dengan penghitungan gula pereduksi menggunakan reagen 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa konsorsium bakteri selulolitik R3-1, R4-3, dan R7-3 berturut-turut merupakan genus bakteri Achromobacter sp., dan Pseudomonas sp. Konsorsium bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan enzim selulase tertinggi sebesar 8,93 U/mL pada waktu inkubasi 24 jam dengan pH medium 7 dan suhu inkubasi 36,5oC.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS SERANGGA POLINATOR (LEPIDOPTERA) DAN SUMBER FOOD PLANT DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA IR. H. DJUANDA KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Melanie Melanie , Syahira Jihan , Supriatna Nisrina Novianty , Nafsi Luthfiah Ghina , Ratningsih Nining Ghina
Published: August 2024

Serangga merupakan hewan dominan di permukaan bumi. Peran penting serangga di alam diantaranya sebagai polinator (penyerbuk) untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem, termasuk di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda (Tahura) Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan jenis-jenis serangga yang paling banyak dijumpai sebagai polinator, serta jenis sumber makanan serangga polinator (food plant) di kawasan Tahura. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pollard walk di sepanjang garis transek pengamatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk menentukan indeks keanekaragaman, frekuensi relatif, dan indeks dominansi. Hasil penelitian di kawasan Tahura teridentifikasi 22 spesies serangga polinator ordo Lepidoptera yang tergolong dalam 20 genera dan 6 famili, dengan indeks keanekaragaman sedang (H’ = 2,833). Jenis polinator yang paling sering dijumpai adalah Prosotas dubiosa (Lycaenidae) (FR=14,29 %). Famili Nymphalidae adalah yang paling dominan dengan jumlah 84 individu; indeks dominansi (C =0,032) tertinggi di tiap famili serangga polinator. Jenis food plant yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari 11 spesies dari 5 famili (Asteraceae, Iridaceae, Acanthaceae, Petiveriaceae, dan Balsaminaceae). Familia Asteracea adalah food plant yang paling sering dikunjungi polinator khususnya dari Famili Nymphalidae (FR=52,32%). Dengan demikian keanekaragaman polinator dan food plant-nya sangat penting untuk terus dipertahankan dalam rangka kelestarian Ekosistem Tahura kota Bandung.
A checklist of Australian marine Cenozoic Mollusca
Authors: Darragh Thomas A.
Published: August 2024

This checklist records all molluscan species described from the Cenozoic strata of the Carnarvon, Eucla, St Vincent, Murray, Otway, Gippsland and Bass basins of Australia. Synonymies of the species are given and a bibliography of the relevant literature.
Role of public-private partnerships in the implementation of state youth policy
Authors: Vorotilina Tatyana , Tarando Elena , Ivanchenkо Elena , Kolganov Sergei , Malinina Tatiana , Ayskhanova Ekaterina , García de velazco Judith Josefina Hernández , Kovaleva Anna
Published: August 2024

The paper reports on the results of research on the institution of public-private partnerships in the field of implementation of state youth policy, particularly through socially important social youth projects, including social-entrepreneurial. The study explores social projects that enjoy the full range of support from all subjects in public-private partnerships: the state represented by public authorities, business structures, non-profit organizations, and youth. The authors highlight that the infrastructure of youth policy in the implementation of social-entrepreneurial youth projects needs to be changed conceptually. There is a need to establish comprehensive creative and professional spaces that shape young people’s personalities and practice a future-oriented model of organizing collaborative social projects.
An accounting review of regional and central budgeting dynamics in Indonesia
Authors: Herianti Eva , Marundha Amor , Haryanto Haryanto
Published: August 2024

This research aims to assess the impact of bargaining power on budget implementation while also considering the deviation in capital expenditure as a moderating factor. The research sample included 34 provincial governments in Indonesia between 2019 and 2022. The sample determination method used purposive sampling, so the final sample size was 134 observations. The research employed panel data regression to test the hypotheses and continued with the Chow, Lagrange multiplier, and Hausman tests. The study results indicate that bargaining power has a positive and significant effect on budget implementation, with the deviation in capital expenditure not diminishing its impact. The research’s practical implication is that regional governments must effectively manage their revenues to finance regional spending needs through regional tax intensification and extensification policies. The study contributes to signaling theory by highlighting that regional governments can finance regional spending needs through fiscal independence and society’s involvement. It also contributes to agency theory by demonstrating that capital expenditure deviation in the form of information asymmetry in regional governments does not reduce their ability to finance regional expenditure needs. Nonetheless, the study suggests that the proxies used in this research are limited, and further exploration of other proxies to measure tested variables. This research provides new knowledge for stakeholders regarding the dynamics of regional budgeting, especially regarding assessing the impact of bargaining power on budget implementation and considering deviations in capital expenditure as a moderating factor.
Nanocząstki tlenku cynku – przykłady oddziaływań na wzrost i rozwój roślin
Authors: Matyszczuk Katarzyna Magdalena , Krzepiłko Anna
Published: August 2024

Nanomateriały zawierające tlenek cynku znajdują coraz szersze zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu oraz w rolnictwie. Dane literaturowe potwierdzają, że nanocząstki tlenku cynku mogą korzystnie wpływać na kiełkowanie, wzrost roślin, przebieg fotosyntezy i wybrane procesy metaboliczne u różnych gatunków roślin. Użycie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może przyczynić się do poprawy plonowania roślin, jednak konieczne jest dopasowanie dawki tego nanonawozu do fazy rozwoju i gatunku rośliny. Nanocząstki tlenku cynku (ang. zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZnONPs) uwalniają jony cynku, w ten sposób przyczyniają się do lepszego odżywienia roślin w ten składnik i mogą wpływać na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczenia gleby spowodowanego nadmiernym stosowaniem nawozów. Zastosowanie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może też wiązać się z ryzykiem toksykologicznym dla roślin. Toksyczność wywołana przez ZnONPs może przejawiać się zmniejszeniem zdolności kiełkowania, hamowaniem wzrostu, zaburzeniami podziału komórek, nieprawidłową ekspresją genów, objawami stresu oksydacyjnego. Nanotoksyczność tlenku cynku zależy zarówno od wielkości nanocząstek, dawki, jak i gatunku rośliny.
Introducing the Intensity of Influence in Decision-Making Style Analysis
Authors: Kadoić Nikola , Marković Maja Gligora , Jagačić Tena
Published: August 2024

Background/Purpose

The examination of decision-making styles (DMS) is crucial for understanding how individuals approach choices and form preferences. Two influential frameworks in the DMS discourse, proposed by Scott & Bruce, and Rowe, provide insightful lenses for correlating dominant styles with an array of personal characteristics.

Methods

This comprehensive study delves into questionnaire results obtained in 2020 and 2022, employing methodologies aligned with Scott & Bruce, and Rowe. The survey targeted cohorts of business and military students, capturing nuanced aspects of decision-making. Introducing innovative concepts, namely submissive DMS and intensity of influence, expanded the analytical framework and facilitated a deeper understanding of decision-making dynamics.

Results

The analysis revealed substantial variations in decision-making styles within student populations, elucidating correlations with distinct personal characteristics. The incorporation of the intensity of dominance concept allowed for nuanced interpretations, particularly during the challenging COVID-19 period and the subsequent return to normalcy.

Conclusion

The integration of proposed concepts represents a significant enrichment for future research in the field of DMS. This study underscores the critical role of evolving methodologies in elucidating the intricacies of decision-making processes. The ongoing refinement of these methodologies promises a more nuanced understanding of how individuals navigate complex decision-making scenarios.
The Emotional Toll of HIV: Exploring Facial and Auditory Emotion Recognition and Emotion Regulation in People Living With HIV
Authors: Singh Rakesh Kumar , Shukla Meenakshi , Kumari Aradhana
Published: August 2024

People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) have been reported to show poor facial emotion recognition. However, these studies presented participants with facial emotion photographs whereas in real life facial emotion recognition hardly involves inferring emotions from static faces. Moreover, emotion recognition from other sensory modalities, such as auditory, has hardly been explored. There’s also a dearth of studies examining emotion regulation difficulties in this group. The present study, thus, explored facial (using facial emotion videos) and auditory emotion recognition as well as difficulties in emotion regulation (using the Hindi version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) in 60 PLHIV and 60 people without HIV (PWoHIV). Additionally, the association of HIV duration (duration since diagnosis of HIV), viral load, and Clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) count with emotion recognition and regulation difficulties in PLHIV was explored. Findings from one-way ANCOVA (with education and socioeconomic status as covariates) revealed significantly impaired auditory emotion recognition (particularly for fear) among PLHIV than PWoHIV. The former also showed significantly poorer facial emotion recognition for surprise. PLHIV also self-reported significantly more emotion regulation difficulties than PWoHIV, specifically Nonacceptance of their response to negative emotions and limited access to emotion regulation Strategies. CD4 count was negatively correlated with emotion regulation difficulties, particularly for accomplishing goal-directed behaviour when experiencing negative emotions (Goals) and Strategies. Besides the novel addition to the literature regarding impaired auditory emotion recognition in PLHIV, these findings can help develop targeted interventions to improve emotion recognition and emotion regulation for PLHIV.
Enhancing social inclusion through adapted football: exploring effective teaching strategies for children with special educational needs in institutionalized settings
Authors: Cătănescu Andreea Corina , Muntean Raul Ioan
Published: August 2024

Aim.

This exploratory research aims to identify effective teaching strategies for enhancing physical and psychological training in adapted football for children aged 12-15 with special educational needs (SEN).

Material and method.

By employing questionnaires and tailored evidence sensitive to the requirements and potential of institutionalized children within this age group, this study seeks to develop and implement teaching strategies conducive to improving football within institutionalized centers. Various research methods including informational-bibliographic analysis, pedagogical observation, conversation, recording, graphical-tabular analysis, and questionnaire surveys were employed over a six-month period (October 2023 - March 2024).

Results.

The research yielded valuable insights and experiences, revealing the multifaceted nature of effective teaching strategies in football adaptation for children with SEN. Pedagogical observations provided nuanced understanding, while conversations and recordings enriched data collection. Graphical-tabular analyses facilitated systematic evaluation, and questionnaire surveys offered perspectives from stakeholders. The findings reveal significant challenges in social inclusion, with 65% of respondents identifying it as low. Moreover, 40% perceive social inclusion among children aged 12-15 with SEN as low, while 31% rate it as very low. Despite acknowledging favorable factors such as international conventions and national strategies (recognized by over 80% of respondents), specialists also identify constraining factors, including societal attitudes and resource constraints. Nevertheless, there is a consensus (46%) on the high contribution of sport to social inclusion, with 94% perceiving adapted football's influence as high or very high. Specialists emphasize the socialization function (33%) and recognize social benefits such as reintegration (29%). These results underscore the need for improvement in football programs tailored to children with SEN, particularly in enhancing social inclusion and skill development.

Conclusions.

The study concludes that optimal didactic strategies, attuned to the unique requirements and potential of children with SEN, hold promise for advancing their physical and psychological training through football in institutionalized centers.