bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANGLOPHONE ADVERTISING SLOGANS: A FUNCTIONAL ASPECT
Authors: MACHULSKA Kateryna
Published: March 2023

The article proposes to investigate functional parameters of the verbal components of advertising using the functional-onomasiological approach. The latter presupposes a research vector from mental processes to their verbalization. Proceeding from the nature of the subject-matter under study, namely Anglophone advertising slogans of online stores, the article puts emphasis on addresser's intention to satisfy the needs of a potential client. On the one hand, advertising is aimed at satisfying certain human aspirations. On the other hand, it creates a sense of potential needs of the consumer. Based on this A. Maslow's classification of needs has been adopted. Applying the elements of functional and onomasiological analysis to the studied Anglophone advertising slogans, it has bocome possible to single out five functional and onomasiological groups (FOG): VU (verbal units) for denoting physiological needs (food, coffee, nutrition; home, living; clothing, dress, shoes); VU for denoting safety needs (safer, law; doctor, medicine, apothecary, healthcare); VU for denoting social needs (family, moms, kids; party); VU for denoting need for respect and self-recognition (style, premier, trends; jewellery, diamonds; brand; quality, classic, vintage; beauty; tech; the first, best); VU for denoting selfactualization needs (books, music; inspire, create, impress, early education, learning academy. Each FOG contains several microgroups. As evidenced by the analyzed FOGs, the function of nominating concepts related to human needs is performed by different-level verbal unitsunits, lexemes, although occasionally such a function is assigned to noun phrases or simple verbal sentences. It has been illustrated that the functional and onomasiological characteristics of Anglophone advertising slogans are the components of verbally encoded marketing plans. In the aspect of the studied advertising slogans, linguistic signs which nominate goods / services that provide human needs are embodied in slogans reflecting the communicative tactics of naming goods and services.
Variability of morphometric characteristics of paired arteries of the brain in children during early childhood
Authors: Gladilin Yury A. , Fomkina Olga A. , Nikolenko Vladimir N.
Published: March 2023

BACKGRОUND: There are numerous works in the literature covering issues of age, sexual and bilateral variability of the cerebral arteries in adults. There is no information on morphometric parameters of the cerebral arteries in children.
AIM: To present data on the morphometric characteristics of the paired arteries of the brain in children during early childhood, taking into account sexual and bilateral variability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of precommunication segments of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), wedge-shaped parts of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA), precommunication segments of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VA) and cerebral parts of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) seized during autopsy of corpses of 18 children from early childhood (12 years) who died for reasons not associated with acute vascular cerebral pathology. Outside and inside diameters, wall thickness were determined.
RESULTS: The mean values of the above parameters were respectively: ACA 1.760.04 mm, 0.140.01 mm and 1.490.04 mm; MCA 2.070.04 mm, 0.140.01 mm, 1.790.04 mm; PCA 1.830.06 mm, 0.130.01 mm, 1.550.06 mm; VA 2.080.06 mm, 0.150.01 mm, 1.770.05 mm; ICA 2.600.05 mm, 0.150.01 mm, 2.300.05 mm. Outside and inside diameters of the ACA predominate in the right hemisphere by 17.3% (p=0.009) and 19.9% (p=0.016), respectively. Outside and inside diameters PCA prevailed in boys, respectively, by 9.1% (p=0.019) and 12.9% (p=0.006).
CONCLUSION: Average data of outside diameter, wall thickness and inside diameters of paired arteries of the brain in children in the period of early childhood were obtained. Most parameters have no confirmed bilateral and sexual differences. The findings may be useful for interpreting non-invasive research methods and should also be considered in the design and adaptation of intravascular devices for use in pediatric practice.
Ocupación y uso campesino de la tierra en el municipio de Pradera (1900-2010): Un siglo de tensiones socio-territoriales
Authors: Ordoñez-Botero Harold
Published: March 2023

Si bien los lineamientos vigentes para el Ordenamiento Social de la Propiedad Rural-OSPR establecen, entre otros criterios, la transversalización del enfoque diferencial y la verificación de presencia de comunidades étnicas, no se reconoce expresamente el derecho a la tierra del campesinado. Partiendo de las perspectivas teóricas del Estructuralismo Agrario y del Enfoque Socio-Territorial, este trabajo busca proponer lineamientos complementarios para adelantar un proceso de Ordenamiento Social de la Propiedad Rural OSPR que reconozca este derecho, en los corregimientos que actualmente están siendo propuestos para la constitución de una Zona de Reserva Campesina (ZRC) en Pradera, Valle del Cauca.  Para tal fin, se hace un acercamiento a la dinámica histórica del poblamiento y apropiación de la tierra por parte del campesinado y se geoespacializan dentro del polígono de la ZRC los predios por rango de tamaño, las coberturas y fertilidad del suelo y la zonificación de la Reserva Forestal, con los cuales se evidencia la existencia de una territorialidad campesina, la necesidad de redistribuir la tierra, de sustraer áreas de la reserva forestal y de acelerar la constitución de la Zona de Reserva Campesina (ZRC).
Retrospective Study of Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Rural North Carolina
Authors: Brechko Amanda , Jiroutek Michael R. , Jones Kyla , Brenseke Bonnie , Maharty Donald C. , Cappola James , Holly Stephen P.
Published: March 2023

Background

Some patients with COVID-19 develop life-threatening thrombotic complications including myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and ischemic stroke. These inflammatory and hypercoagulable states have been well documented in patient cohorts from metropolitan areas, but not in more rural populations, nor has a data-driven treatment plan been developed for thrombotic COVID-19 patients.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective case-control study of COVID-19-positive patients to analyze the impact of thrombosis on various clinical endpoints including terminal diagnosis and disease severity. Prevalence and impact of thrombosis were determined using medical records from 2237 COVID-19-positive patients hospitalized in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Odds ratios for terminal diagnosis, death, ICU admission, and ventilation were calculated based on thrombosis status, D-dimer level, or type of antithrombotic treatment.

Results

Terminal diagnosis [OR 1.81; 95% CI (1.10, 2.98)], ICU admission [2.25; (1.33, 3.81)], and ventilation [2.46; (1.45, 4.18)] were all more likely in thrombotic patients (N = 97) compared to nonthrombotic patients (N = 2140) after adjusting for age. D-dimer levels were associated with death overall, but not among thrombotic patients. Treatments that combined antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs appeared to be more efficacious than anticoagulants alone in preventing death and severe disease.

Limitations

Patient medical history prior to hospitalization was not evaluated.

Conclusion

In this cohort, those with thrombosis are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including death and severe disease. Antithrombotic therapy that includes antiplatelet drugs provides improved outcomes. Higher-powered prospective trials will be necessary to confirm any potential merits of antiplatelet therapy.
Descriptive Assessment of Race, Ethnicity, Comorbidities, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection- Fatality in North Carolina
Authors: Denslow Sheri , Rote Aubri , Wingert Jason , Hanchate Amresh D. , Lanou Amy Joy , Westreich Daniel , Cheng Kedai , Sexton Laura , Halladay Jacqueline R.
Published: March 2023

Background

SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused variable clinical outcomes including hospitalization and death. We analyzed state-level data from the North Carolina COVID-19 Surveillance System (NC COVID) to describe demographics of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to describe factors associated with infection-fatality in North Carolina.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using surveillance data on positive SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (N = 214,179) identified between March 1, 2020, and September 30, 2020. We present descriptive statistics and associations among demographics, medical comorbidities, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality.

Results

Median age for residents with reported SARS-CoV-2 was 38 (IQR 23–54). Age was strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality. Greater infection-fatality was noted among those who identified as Black across all comorbidities. Coexisting chronic disease was associated with greater infection-fatality, with kidney disease demonstrating the strongest association.

Limitations

A high percentage of missing data for race/ethnicity and comorbidities limits the interpretation of our findings. Data were not available for socioeconomic measures that could aid in better understanding inequities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality.

Conclusions

Among North Carolinians identified with SARS-CoV-2 via surveillance efforts, age, race, and comorbidities were associated with infection-fatality; these findings are similar to those of studies using different source populations in the United States. In addition to age and other nonmodifiable variables, systematic differences in social conditions and opportunity may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality among Black Americans compared to other races/ethnicities.
A rare case report of tuberculosis osteomyelitis of pubic symphysis
Authors: Meda Avinash , Kulkarni Raju , Shivraj A C
Published: March 2023

Less than 2% of all hematogenous osteomyelitis occurs in the pubic symphysis, making it a very uncommon condition. 10-15% of all instances of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by skeletal TB. We describe a rare instance of pubic osteomyelitis caused by tuberculosis in a 58-year-old woman who initially complained of discharge in the suprapubic region for 8 months. Patient was admitted due to suspected pubic symphysis osteomyelitis caused by TB. Based on preoperative studies, surgery was planned. Due to a suspicion of tuberculosis, debridement was performed and stimulan antibiotic beads were inserted. CB-NAAT and histopathology samples were sent. When CB-NAAT tested positive for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and started on antitubercular therapy (ATT), HPR indicated granulomatous inflammation. After receiving MDR-TB treatment, there was no discharge from the location. Following surgery, there was a year of follow-up. Patient made a full recovery without any site discharge. This example serves to illustrate our approach to treating pubic symphysis osteomyelitis caused by TB.

Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis, stimulating antibiotic cement beads, CB-NAAT, MDRTB, ATT.
A Network Flow Model for Operational Planning in an Underground Gold Mine
Authors: Emdini Gliwan Suliman , Crowe Kevin
Published: March 2023

In underground mines, the problem of efficiently scheduling and allocating weekly operations has a major impact on the long-term productivity of the mine. The problem of selecting the optimal locations for operations in an underground gold mine is a complex task. It is not solved by simply selecting the levels with the richest grade because the transportation network for ore in an underground mine has a diverse set of capacity constraints that can frustrate immediate mining of all the richest levels. To solve this scheduling difficulty, we formulated a new mixed-integer network flow model of the problem of weekly allocating mining operations in an underground goldmine such that the total gold mined (in ounces) was maximized subject transportation capacity constraints. The model was applied an underground gold mine in Red Lake, Ontario, Canada. The results were compared to those of a two greedy heuristic models that were designed to represent the decision-making heuristics that are currently used at the mine. It was found that the new model yielded solutions that improved upon the two greedy heuristics by 14.7% and 6.0%, respectively. The results of this research illustrate that the development of this optimization model can support decisions to improve a gold mine’s productivity.
Effects of Blast Design to the Environment in Limestone Quarry
Authors: Hamidun Haizam , Mohamad Edy Tonnizam
Published: March 2023

The demand for construction materials produced by quarry rises in tandem with urbanization. The enormous number of complaints, however, has put the quarry owner under constant pressure to ensure safe blasting operations and minimal blasting effect on the environment. Due to the fact that limestone naturally dissolves in water and creates numerous weak spots in rock masses, it has always been thought that limestone quarry operations are more risky than common granite quarry operations. The goal of the study was to identify the rock mass properties of limestone and how they related to the consequences of blasting operations. For a systematic study, the quarry face was divided into four (4) Sections i.e., Section A, Section B, Section C, and Section D. The preliminary study was involved site investigation for quarry face evaluation and data collection as well as results from blast monitoring program for two months in a row was also recorded. The analysis was started with calculation of Blastability Index (BI) of the study area based on rock mass properties data and Blastability Quality System (BQS). The new predicted site constant (rock mass properties), κ and β were calculated based on two globally recognized empirical equations i.e., USBM and Langefors-Kihlstrom and the results was employed as indicator for future blasting operations. The SPSS Regression Model analysis graphs shown USBM predictor was inversely proportional to the PPV, while, the Langefors-Kihlstrom predictor graph was proportional to the PPV. The calculated K and β values for USBM predictor was 40 and 1.0 respectively. Based on the analysis, the rock mass properties at this limestone quarry have high influence to blasting effects and the effect can be aggravated at certain study sections. From all sections, Section A was deemed the most sensitive area or has the highest risk of generating excessive environmental effect with the lowest BI value (higher rock strength) at 49.18%, located closest to sensitive public buildings and recorded the most joint sets. It is can be concluded that the blasting activities in this quarry although at maximum charge per delay (Wmax) was being carried out safely with very minimal effects to the surrounding areas and in accordance to the limits set by the relevant authorities i.e., JMG and DOE Malaysia.
Breakdown and Productivity Prediction of Dragline using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Seervi Vikram , Singh Nilesh Pratap , Kishore Nawal , Verma Rajeev
Published: March 2023

Dragline operations play a major role in the overall production of coal in open cast mining. Hence, it becomes necessary to maximize the working hours and minimize the idle and breakdown hours as it affects the overall production of a mine. There is also a shortage of skilled labour for dragline operations and combined with the time-to-time breakdown of dragline, it results in a production deficit. In this study, extensive research is carried out using machine learning algorithms on data obtained from one of the largest opencast mines in Singrauli. The data consists of the parameters that were maintained by the staff on a regular basis, and the algorithm tried to learn the underlying patterns between the independent and dependent variables and find the correlation between the parameters that have a significant impact on productivity and breakdown, which were the dependent variables. The results obtained from the algorithms are encouraging and, with certain improvements in data collection procedures, can improve the prediction accuracy to an effective level. An increase in the frequency of data collection and expanding the data recording using sensors to the electrical and mechanical parameters along with the specific type of failure in the dragline machine will further improve the accuracy of the model and can provide beforehand information so that the machine could be handed over to maintenance department for the change of faulty parts and necessary precautions that can be taken to prevent the breakdown which will result in an overall reduction of idle and breakdown hours and increase in overall production.
Having a Profit Center of Fuel and Mineral Trading is Already Essential for the Mining Companies and the Skillsets they Need
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayanta
Published: March 2023

Price uncertainties are increasing as diverse buyers and sellers are coming into the fuel and minerals market. There are supplyside uncertainties due to resource depletion, supply chain problems, and prolonged wars and conflicts. Uncertainties enhance risk. Moreover, standard trading practices in the minerals and oil and gas industries like long-term supply agreements with rigid price–fixing mechanisms are being challenged by short-term trading agreements and contracts where the price rigidities are non-existent; the market determines the price on the basis of the supply of buyers and sellers in an open market. Moreover, the market for derivatives of minerals and oil and gas is becoming more pronounced as the various uncertainties to secure materials supply are growing. In order to tread in the unknown waters of flexible trading, the mining companies can think of opening a profit center with qualified people to tide over the challenges and to gather knowledge of the trading system, which will also influence how the financing of the project investments would take place in the future.
Surface Excavation Assessment in Non-bedded Rock Mass Based on Borehole Information and Seismic Survey
Authors: Abd Manan Azhar , Tonnizam Mohamad Edy , Saad Rosli , Kusmawati Suparmanto Eka , Kiftiah Ahmad Legiman Mariatul , Slamat Fazleen
Published: March 2023

One of the most popular indirect methods for investigating the subsurface information is through borehole record. The information obtained from a bore log will provide the subsurface scenario with regard to the soil and rock mass profile, stiffness of the material, weathering grade and quality of the rock material. It is wise to obtain as much as possible useful information from it for any civil engineering design including its excavatability assessment. On the other hand, seismic velocity is also commonly used to describe subsurface information as it furnish actual profile of the subsurface along the survey line. Seismic survey is assumed to be relevant geophysical method to characterize the boundary of soil-rock. Although the field borehole information and seismic method has been widely applied in the ground investigation, their applicability in assessing excavation performance is still debatable, especially when it involves thick soil-rock interaction zone in tropical region. The objective of this study is to investigate the applicability of ground profile obtained from the field borehole information and the seismic survey in surface excavation works. Field studies were carried out ontwo on-going excavation sites namely Nilai and Kota Tinggi involving non-bedded -bedded rock masses, namely granite. This study aims to present the relationship between seismic refraction method and boreholes were to investigate their effectiveness in assessing the ground information for excavation purpose. A sets of boreholeswere drilled approximately on the same path of seismic linesto obtain relationship between those methods. The seismic survey results are evaluated with Standard Penetration Test (SPT), strength index, core recovery (CR) and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) information. Upon obtaining that information, trial excavation were carried out using different size of excavator machines to determine its productivity rate. This study provides useful information on the excavatability of ground materials by using various type of excavating machines, based on the most commonly used of ground investigation tools, which are boreholes and seismic velocity method.
Principles of Designing Inertially Stabilized Platforms
Authors: Sushchenko Olha , Saluyk Olexander , Yehorov Serhii
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the description and analysis of the possible realization of inertial stabilized platforms intended for the operation of equipment installed on aircraft. The kinematic scheme of the two-axis gimballed inertially stabilized platform is represented. The generalized structure of the inertial stabilized platform is presented and researched. Basic components of the generalized structure and their connections are described. The different modes of functioning inertially stabilized platforms are listed and characterized. The basic stages of designing optimal inertially stabilized platforms are represented. The approaches to designing robust systems of the platform’s motion control are represented. The appropriate software in MatLab system is characterized. Simulation of stabilization processes in an inertial platform was performed. The obtained results are useful for inertial stabilized platforms intended for operation on moving objects of a wide class.
The Use of Wastes from Gas Purification Facilities of Alumina Production in Road-Building Technologies
Authors: Shepelev I.I. , Zhukov E.I. , Pilyaeva O.V. , Potapova S.O.
Published: March 2023

The environmental problems of alumina production, caused by the formation of waste gas treatment plants are considered. The phase and chemical composition and microstructure of dust from gas treatment facilities of thermal power plants has been studied. It has been suggested to use gas-cleaning plant wastes as active mineral additives in road mixtures. The possibility of using electrofilter dust as a mineral powder for asphalt concrete has been experimentally verified. It has been established that the properties of asphalt concrete using the dust from gas cleaning facilities of heat-power equipment of alumina production are practically the same as those of asphalt concrete prepared on the crushed limestone rock of Mazul limestone mine.
Wastewater Treatment from Chromium(VI) Ions with Calcium Peroxide
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M.Кh.
Published: March 2023

The treatment of wastewater from hexavalent chromium ions was studied and a two-stage (reagent) purification method was developed for this purpose. It was concluded that the possible effectiveness of this wastewater treatment at small and medium-sized production sites, especially in the absence of general industrial treatment facilities.
Missionary activity of the co-religionist clergy of the Samara province in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century
Authors:   Saratov State University, Solovyev Pavel K.
Published: March 2023

The article presents an overview of the activities of the co–religionist clergy in the context of the struggle of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Old Believer schism in the Samara province of the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The co-faith is considered as a missionary platform, on the basis of which it became possible for Old Believers to reunite with Orthodoxy on the conditions of preserving the pre-Canonical liturgical practice. During the pre-revolutionary period, the diocesan authorities developed a certain strategy in relation to the coreligionism, which contributed to its spread in the province, and actively involved the co-religionist clergy in anti-schismatic activities. The article analyzes the forms and methods of missionary service ofco-religionists, provides statistical information reflecting the successes of the “Orthodox Old Believers” in countering the schism in the Samara province. The main source base of the study was archival documents and materials of official missionary reports.
Construction of defensive fortifications on the territory of the Saratov region during the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   Saratov State University, Danilov Victor N.
Published: March 2023

In the article the author addresses one of the little-studied issues of the history of the Great Patriotic War in regional historiography. The construction of defensive lines on the territory of the Saratov region, which was located for a long time in the near rear of the Soviet-German front, was carried out for a year and a half, took on a large spatial scale and required large-scale expenditures of human and material resources. From the autumn of 1941 until March 1943, six field-type defense lines with a total length of over 600 kilometers were built in the region. It is shown that the Saratov defensive lines were part of a general deep-echeloned system of fortifications designed to cover the main strategic areas, economic and administrative centers of the country. The organization and progress of the construction of defensive fortifications on the outskirts of Saratov, the nature and extent of the participation of special units of the Red Army and the local population in it are considered. The question is raised about the expediency of erecting protective lines on the territory of the region, the validity of the construction period.
The conspiracy of Denmark Vesey: Causes and prerequisites
Authors:   Tula Branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Shumakov Andrey A.
Published: March 2023

This article considers one of the most significant events in African–American history – the Charleston slave Conspiracy of 1822. The author focuses on the causes and prerequisites of this phenomenon, which are divided into 5 groups (political, socio-cultural, socio-economic, demographic and personal motives). Subjecting each of them to a critical analysis, he comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to attribute the Denmark Vesey conspiracy to typical slave uprisings. The source base of the research is the materials of the trial, testimonies and newspaper publications of that time.
The factor of the Canarian archipelago in the contexts of pacification Francoist Spain and hegemonic competition (1940–1942)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Krelenko Denis M.
Published: March 2023

This article is devoted to highlighting the international problems of the initial period of World War II that arose around the status of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands. Spain maintained military-political neutrality in the war. The countries participating in the armed conflict (USA, Great Britain, Nazi Germany) tried to use the territories belonging to Spain to their advantage. In 1941–1942 the British leadership developed several options for subordinating the Canary Islands to the UK. The article deals with operations Bugler, Chatney, Puma and Pilgrim. The author analyzes the features of these projects and the reasons that did not allow them to be implemented. The attention is focused on the different positions of the USA and Great Britain on the status of Spain and the Canaries. The contradictions between the allied powers allowed Spain to save the Canary archipelago. The article concludes that the British strategy was flawed because it diverted large forces needed on other fronts of the world confrontation.
Governor of Saratov Vasily Vasilyevich Neledinsky (1655–1657)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Rabinovich Yakov N.
Published: March 2023

The article for the first time presents a detailed biography of the governor of Saratov, Vasily Vasilyevich Neledinsky. This serviceman from the fatherland in his youth became a tenant at the court of Mikhail Romanov, and after 20 years he was transferred to the Moscow nobles. He received his first voivodship appointment in the Ket prison in Siberia, then participated in the suppression ofthe uprising inNovgorod and Pskov, andserved as governor in Rylsk. Atthe beginning of the Russian-Polish war in 1654, Vasily Neledinsky fought in the north-western direction in the regiment of the boyar V. P. Sheremetev, and in 1655 was sent as governor to Saratov. Particular attention in the article is paid to the Saratov service of V. V. Neledinsky.
Virtual Reality in Cardiac Diseases: The Challenges and Applications
Authors: Bouraghi Hamid , Mohammadpour Ali , Khodaveisi Taleb , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Saeedi Soheila
Published: March 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Electromagnetic Field Effect on Bone Marrow Stem Cells Differentiation and Nucleoli AgNOR
Authors: Asadian Nader , Jadidi Taha , Jadidi Majid
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Numerous studies have described the effect of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) in the promotion of Bone Marrow Stem Cell (BMSC) differentiation. We aimed to investigate the influence of frequency (10 and 100 Hz) and different pulse shapes (sine, rectangular, and triangular) of EMF on rats' BMSCs.
Materials and Methods: The BMSCs in 6 groups were exposed to EMF for 1 h/ 7 days. The BMSCs viability was estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The cresyl violet labeled the Nissl bodies, and the silver nitrate staining was done to evaluate the BMSCs nucleoli AgNORs.
Results: The MTT test verified that EMF and pulse shape did not affect cell viability. In Nissl bodies staining most of the large neurons were related to the rectangular 10 Hz EMF group. The majority of the differentiated BMSCs were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte in the triangular 100 Hz EMF group. Although the silver nitrate staining confirmed the effect of 10 Hz EMF, pulse shape alteration did not affect AgNOR parameters. In conclusion, we presented a low-magnetic flux density EMF (400 µT) to assess the responses of BMSCs nuclei.
Conclusion: The findings showed that BMSCs differentiation was frequency-dependent. Further investigations are recommended for recognizing the function of EMF on BMSCs.
An In-Vivo Study of Sonodynamic Therapy with Encapsulated Hematoporphyrin
Authors: Souri Shukufeh , Jadidi Majid , Hasanzadeh Hadi , Khani Tahereh , Semnani Vahid
Published: March 2023

Purpose: According to the side effects of invasive cancer treatments, Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) as a noninvasive method for breast adenocarcinoma was considered. Sonosensitizer agents’ encapsulation can improve the accumulation of these drugs in the tumor tissue and reduce treatment side effects. Hence, mice breast adenocarcinoma SDT with Hematoporphyrin (HP) and HP-encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (HP-MSNs) was carried out.
Materials and Methods: 96 female breast adenocarcinoma grafted Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 16 groups (n = 6): control, sham, HP, HP-MSN, Ultrasound (US), SDT+HP, and SDT+HP-MSN groups. Sonosensitizer agents were injected intraperitoneally (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, 0.2 ml) 24h before an US radiation (1MHz, 1 or 2 W/cm2, 60 sec). The tumor growth parameters were evaluated 30 days after SDT.
Results: The inhibition ratio was enhanced by 23, 18, 18, and 16% relative to the control group in HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), HP-MSN (2.5 mg/kg) HP (5 mg/kg) and US (2 W/cm2) groups, respectively, at 18 days after the injection time; whereas, the analysis of findings revealed an antitumor effect in SDT with HP-MSN groups. The Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) percentages were 45, 42, and 42% for the SDT (2 W/cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), SDT (1 W/cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), and SDT (2 W/cm2) + HP (2.5 mg/kg) groups, respectively, on the 18th day post-injection, and T2 and T5 times were higher than that of control and sham groups (P<0.05). The estimated 44-day survival time in the Kaplan-Meier test was 95% in the SDT (2 W/ cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) treated group, which had moderately differentiated cells in tumor grading.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, SDT with HP-encapsulated MSNs (5 mg/kg) has an antitumor effect on breast adenocarcinoma.
Evaluating the Performance of the Hybrid Boundary Element- Finite Element (BE-FE) Method to Solve Electroencephalography (EEG) Forward Problem Based on the Mesh Quality: A Simulation Study
Authors: Dayarian Nasireh , Khadem Ali
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The Boundary Element (BE) and Finite Element (FE) methods are widely used numerical techniques to solve the Electroencephalography (EEG) forward problem. However, the FE Method (FEM) has difficulty in simulating current dipoles due to singularity, and the BE method (BEM) cannot simulate inhomogeneous and anisotropic conductivity profiles. Recently, a hybrid BE-FE method has been proposed to benefit from the advantages of both BEM and FEM in solving the EEG forward problem. Generally, the type of mesh may significantly influence the results of numerical EEG forward solvers and should be carefully studied.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, the performance of the hybrid BE-FE method is compared with an approach of FEM (partial integration) using three types of meshes. The ground truth is the analytical EEG forward solutions obtained from inhomogeneous and isotropic/anisotropic four-layer spherical head models with dipoles of radial and tangential directions at four eccentricities.
Results: The minimum mean of Relative Difference Measure (RDM) obtained from Partial Integration (PI)-FEM is 0.0596 at 70% source eccentricity while by using the hybrid BE-FE method it is improved to 0.0251 at the same eccentricity. On the other hand, the maximum mean of Magnitude Ratio (MAG) obtained from PI-FEM is 0.6216 at 50% source eccentricity while it is improved to 0.9734 at the same eccentricity.
Conclusion: The results show that the hybrid BE-FE method outperforms PI-FEM in solving the EEG forward problem using three types of meshes regarding RDM and MAG error criteria.
Assessment of Photon Beam Skyshine Dose Equivalent Rate of a 4 MeV Radiation Therapy Bunker Using Analytical and Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Eghdam-Zamiri Reza , Ghiasi Hosein , Keshavarz Sajad
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Skyshine radiation dose equivalent dose rate is known as scattered radiation by the room above air to points at the ground level points outside the Linear Accelerator (LINAC) room. Our aim was to estimate skyshine around the LINAC-based radiotherapy by a 4MV LINAC photon beam.
Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo (MC) MCNP code calculation was conducted to skyshine at the control room, 60Co treatment room, physics, and simulator rooms. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 151 was also used and it reported analytical formulation methods for photon beam calculation. A Flattering Filter (FF) equipped and Flattening Filter-Free (FFF) LINACs photon beams were derived and differences and agreements were discussed.
Results: The results showed high skyshine for FF equipped relative to FFF LINACs. This effect may be attributed to photon beam hardening by FF in the LINAC head and higher transmission through the ceiling shield and more presence of photons on the roof above the air. NCRP 151 method results were higher than MC simulated photon beam skyshine dose equivalent dose rate and it may be the cause of the inflexible analytical method in contrast to MC simulation. Finally, FFF and FF-equipped LINACs result in skyshine compared and they compared to NCRP 151 report. MC simulation performed reasonably in estimation in different conditions.
Conclusion: Our results showed that FF-equipped skyshine is higher than FFF LINAC and NCRP 151 is an inflexible method that does not take some effective parameters into account and calculates skyshine higher.
Designing an Intelligent Lesion Detection System Using Deep Architecture Neural Networks in the Lower Limb X-Ray Images
Authors: Amiri Sepideh , Akbarabadi Mina , Rimaz Shahnaz , Abdolali Fatemeh , Ahadi Reza , Afshani Mohsen , Askarabad Zahra Alaei , Kowsarirad Tahereh , Sakinehpour Sohrab , Ayvazzadeh Nazila , Cheraghi Susan
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Diagnosis of musculoskeletal abnormalities is critical because of the large number of people affected by these disorders worldwide. The recent advances in deep learning techniques show that convolutional neural networks can be a useful tool for the computer-aided detection of radiographic abnormalities. This study focuses on diagnosing musculoskeletal abnormalities in the lower extremities using X-Ray images by deep architecture neural networks.
Materials and Methods: The dataset contains 61,098 musculoskeletal radiographic images, including 42,658 normal and 18,440 abnormal images. Each image belongs to a single type of lower extremity radiography, including the toe, foot, ankle, leg, knee, femur, and hip joints, which were prepared with standard projection without artifacts and with high quality. A novel deep neural network architecture is proposed with two different scenarios that perform the lower extremity lesion diagnosis functions with high accuracy. The foundation of the proposed method is a deep learning framework based on the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The model with the best results incorporated the Mask R-CNN algorithm to produce the bounding box, followed by the CNN algorithm to detect the class based on that.
Results: The proposed model can identify different types of lower limb lesions by an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve 0.925 with an operating point of 0.859 of sensitivity and a specificity of 0.893.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the consecutive implementation of Mask R-CNN and CNN has a higher efficiency than Mask R-CNN and CNN separately in lesion detection of lower limb X-ray images.
Comparison of Two Electrode Placement Methods in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Moeini Kouchaksaraei Mohammad Mahdi , Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoun , Sheikhani Ali
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Therapeutic electrical stimulation of deep brain structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus and the Globus Pallidus (GP), is widely accepted as a treatment tool for patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex with electrodes or transcranial stimulation can increase motor function among PD patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation with simulation of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) technique on parts of the basal ganglia among PD patients.
Materials and Methods: tDCS was simulated using two different electrode placement methods (anodal stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) and anodal stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)) and We evaluated the excitation procedure in the target area based on the excitation current distribution in GP and Subthalamic Nucleus according to the patient's condition in both electrode methods. All simulations were performed using head Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images of four people with PD. Also, according to the excitation current distribution obtained from the previous step, we studied how the excitation current distributed in the target areas is affected by using a model of the basal ganglia so that based on the membrane potential of each excitation in these areas, in all four patients, we compare both electrode-installation methods in a functional way. The effectiveness of brain stimulation was also studied using a basal ganglia model. Considering the membrane potential of GP and Subthalamic Nucleus regions, the effectiveness of each electrode placement method was evaluated in the Basal Ganglia (BG) model.
Results: According to the results, direct current stimulation was propagated through electrodes placed on the scalp throughout the model. Also, anodal stimulation of the M1 had a better stimulation of GP and subthalamic nucleus than anodal stimulation of the DLPFC.
Conclusion: Although, the procedures for performing tDCS and invasive brain stimulation in PD are different, the results show that this treatment can be appropriate and improve motor function in patients with PD.
The Relationship between the Attachment Styles of Children, Parenting Styles, and the Socio-Economic Status of parents
Authors: Eftekhari Asie , Bakhtiari Maryam , Kianimoghadam Amir Sam
Published: March 2023

Background: Family's socio-economic status may significantly influence parenting style. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles of 7 to 12-year-old children, parenting styles, and the socio-economic status of parents.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population included 7 to 12 children who studied in elementary schools of Tehran in 2021.  A sample of 95 individuals were selected by random sampling method and evaluated by questionares regarding Socio-Economic status (SE) (Ghodratnama, 2013), Parenting Style (PS) (Baumrind, 1973), Kinship Center Attachment (KCA) (Halpern and Kappenberg, 2006). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered 5%.
Results: The sample group consisted of 100 parents of 7- to 12-year-old children in Tehran city. The results showed a significant correlation between the attachment styles of the children and parenting styles and the socio-economic (r= -.284, p<0.01) status of parents. In parenting styles there was a significant relationship between authoritive parenting style and positive adjustment (p<0.05), emotional reactivity (p<0.05), negative behaviour (p<0.01) and distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian and positive adjustment (p<0.01), negative behaviour (p<0.01), distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). A significant relationship was observed between permissive and negative behavior (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both authoritative and permissive parenting styles seem to be dysfunctional. They cause different behavioural and emotional issues in children due to their attachment styles.
Investigating the Factors Related to the Development of Children in Southern Iran
Authors: Soltani Shirin , Mouseli Ali , Mastaneh Zahra , Mobarakabadi Arezoo , Kamali Soghra , Jafarnezhad Aboubakr
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Given that the evolution of various mental aspects, includes. Therefore, screening for the developmental status of children can prevent significant complications and disorders. Therefore, we decided to examine the developmental status of children in Hormozgan province based on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed by cross-sectional method in December 1997 in health units of Hormozgan province. Based on cluster random sampling, the names of 2260 children aged 60 months (3 to 5 years) were extracted through the integrated health system. Data collection tool was ASQ questionnaire which was used to assess the development of children in the five areas of communication, large movements, fine movements, problem solving and social personality. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and statistical tests, analysis of variance, chi-square, mean indices, standard deviation and frequency percentage.(p<0.05)
Results: The mean age of the children in the study was 3.14 ± 2.3 Out of 2260 children, 1036 (45.8%) were girls and 1224 (54.2%) were boys. In terms of communication 1.5%, fine movements 2%, 4.5% large movements, 3% problem solving and social personality 4% were abnormal.
Conclusion: The results showed that despite the normal development in most children, a number of children had developmental disorders in at least one area. Therefore, the need for programs to deal with related risk factors and continuous follow-up in terms of the development of these areas is essential to prevent future complications.
The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Emotional Divorce and Self-efficacy of Working Couples
Authors: Afshari Elahe , Ismail Ebrahimi Mohammad , Haddadi Arya
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Emotional divorce happens when a man and a woman live coldly together but do not request a legal divorce. So the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) on emotional divorce and self-efficacy of couples.
Methods: This was a experimental study with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 338 married people working in an industrial factory in Bu Ali town of Hamedan province in 2020. After distributing an emotional divorce questionnaire, authors selected 60 people with emotional divorce problems. Then, 40 people who had obtained average scores in the self-efficacy questionnaire were selected as the sample and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based treatment for 8 weeks, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Research instruments were Gottman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (1994) as well as self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer et al., (1982) used as a pre-test-post-test. SPSS version 23 software was used for data analysis Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the distribution of the variables. According to the level of significance (P <0.05) of the variables of emotional divorce and self-efficacy, the normality of the distribution of scores in the experimental and control groups is confirmed. Leven's test was used to examine the presumption of variances' equality of the two groups in the population.
Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that acceptance and commitment group treatment reduced the scores of emotional divorce (p <0.05) and increased self-efficacy (p <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase. The results of Leven test for the emotional divorce variable (P = 0.414, F = 0.682) and self-efficacy variable (P = 0.601, F = 0.278) confirmed variances' equality
Conclusions: Acceptance and commitment group therapy was able to significantly reduce emotional divorce and increase self-efficacy compared to the control group. Therefore, it is possible to prevent acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce emotional divorce and prevent psychological and social damage.
Empowering the Migrant and Refugee Family's Parenting Skills: A Literature Review
Authors: Kouta Christiana , Velonaki Venetia Sofia , Lazzarino Runa , Rousou Elena , Apostolara Paraskevi , Doru Anamaria , Dudau Victor , Kalokairinou Athena , Licciardello Orazio , Mauceri Manuela , Nikolaidou Elena , Pezzella Alfonso , Samartzi Christina , Kuckert-Wöstheinrich Andrea , Papadopoulos Irena
Published: March 2023

Bachground: Worldwide, more than 79.5 million people are forcibly displaced, including a significant number of migrant and refugee families with children. Migration and refugeedom affect these families in different dimensions, such as mental, physical and spiritual health. Identifying family needs and enhancing parenting skills can improve family cohesion and health, as well as smooth integration into the host country. This review is part of the Erasmus+ funded project- IENE 8 (Intercultural Education for Nurses in Europe) aiming at empowering migrant and refugee families regarding parenting skills.
Methods: This was a scoping review of literature. The IENE 8 partner countries (Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, and United Kingdom) searched for peer reviewed papers, grey literature and mass media reports at international, European and national level. The time period for the search of scientific and grey literature was between2013-2018, and for mass media, it was between 2016 and 2018.
Results: 124 relevant sources were identified. They included 33 Peer reviewed papers, 47 Grey literature documents and 44 mass media reports. This revealed the importance of understanding the needs of migrant families with children.
Conclusion: It is evident from the literature that there is a need to support refugee parents to adjust their existing skill and to empower them to develop new ones. Healthcare and social services professionals have an essential role in improving the refugees' parenting skills. This can be done by developing and implementing family-centered and culturally-sensitive intervention programs.