bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Pricing Options for a Post-Kyoto Response to Climate Change in Australia
Authors: Gumley Wayne , Stoianoff Natalie
Published: January 2018

On 24 February 2011 the Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced proposals for introduction of a ‘carbon price mechanism’ to commence as early as 1 July 2012. This announcement follows the establishment of a Multi-Party Climate Change Committee on 27 September 2010 with instructions to ‘explore options for the implementation of a carbon price [and] help to build consensus on how Australia will tackle the challenge of climate change’, starting from the position that ‘a carbon price is a necessary economic reform required to reduce carbon pollution’. Earlier in 2010 a major review of the Australian taxation system by Dr Ken Henry was released, providing extensive insights into how the tax system should be restructured ‘to deal with the … environmental challenges of the 21st century’, and its ‘interrelationships [with] … the proposed emissions trading system’. These developments are largely driven by the need for Australia to develop a credible climate change agenda once the Kyoto Protocol arrangements come to an end in 2012.
Oxygen Scavengers affect Gas Mixture and Color Stability of Master Packed Ground Beef
Authors: Arteaga Custode I. Steffanie , Campbell Jonathan A. , Cassar Joshua R. , Mills Edward W.
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the effect of storage time, display time, oxygen scavengers, and carbon dioxide concentration on master packed ground beef color and package characteristics. Samples were stored at 0.5°C for up to 28 d in 20% CO2/80% N2 and 30% CO2/70% N2. Results indicated that red meat color was maintained for up to 28 d of storage. Nevertheless, a* values (meat redness) decreased during display as storage time increased (p < 0.05). Master packs with 2 types of oxygen scavengers showed comparable total carbon dioxide absorbed. However, differences between oxygen scavengers were noticed in packages that did not include meat. Carbon dioxide significantly decreased by 14 d of storage in packages with oxygen scavengers (p < 0.05), and remained low for the duration of the study. Carbon dioxide absorption by an oxygen scavenger is an important factor when considering the headspace gas and specific oxygen scavenger used in a modified atmosphere packaging system.
Retssikkerhed som rationalitetsmyte: Administrativ praksis inden for det sociale klagesystem
Authors: Jakobsen Turf Böcker
Published: January 2018

The Notion of Legal Rights as a Rationalized Myth:

Administrative Proceedings in the Social Appeals System

The social appeals system is expected to safeguard the legal rights of Danish citizens, a task it shares with other bodies that deal with complaints about public decision-making. However an ethnographic inquiry into the actual proceedings of the appeals system reveals that this objective is rather ambiguous. The notion of legal rights does not provide officials with a common set of guidelines regarding the criteria for social casework. This is illustra-ted in the article by a case concerning the rights of immi-grants to choose a permanent residence. The case was followed in two different organizational settings, regional and national. Different conceptions of the basic goal of the appeals system seem to prevail in these settings. At the regional level, emphasis is on safeguarding the (human) rights of individuals. At the national level, more attention is paid towards securing a general state of legal unifor-mity. The concept of legal rights therefore fails to offer a sociological understanding of the administrative procee-dings of the appeals system. The article suggests that the notion of legal rights may instead be seen as a rationalized myth, a term taken from the new institutionalism. As such, legal rights do not refer directly to actual proceedings, but are exceedingly important in explaining and legitimizing the presence of the appeals system in more general societal terms.
Fleksibilitet og etnisk segregering. En analyse af sammenhængen mellem virksomhedsfleksibilitet og etnisk rummelighed
Authors: Ejrnæs Anders
Published: January 2018

Artiklen belyser, hvordan forskellige virksomhedsrelaterede faktorer påvirker den etniske segregering på det private arbejdsmarked. Det centrale spørgsmål er, hvordan fleksibilitet i produktion og arbejdsorganisation påvirker den etniske segregering på arbejdsmarkedet. Problemstillingen bliver belyst gennem data fra en stor SFI spørgeskemaundersøgelse af et stratificeret udvalg af danske virksomheder. Analysen viser, at det danske arbejdsmarked er segregeret og indvandrere er placeret i periferien af arbejdsmarkedet. Til forskel fra mainstream arbejdsmarkedsforskning er der ikke en enkelt faktor, der er bestemmende for den etniske opdeling på arbejdsmarkedet. Analysen viser derimod, at kombinationen af at producere på et usikkert marked, levere standardprodukter/ ydelser og anvende kvantitative fleksibilitetsstrategier, dvs. tilpasse sig til ændringer enten gennem fyringer eller nedsættelse af arbejdstiden øger andelen af etniske minoriteter. Dette indikerer, at etniske minoriteter anvendes som en traditionel periferi arbejdskraft, der udfører det rutineprægede arbejde og samtidig er løsere tilknyttet til virksomhederne uden muligheder for opadgående mobilitet.
Massen: På sporet af en glemt sociologisk figur
Authors: Borch Christian
Published: January 2018

The Crowd: In Search of a Lost Sociological Idea

This article attempts to revitalize the idea of the crowd. The crowd was an important sociological idea in early sociology, but became marginal in post-war sociological thought. The article examines the idea of the crowd from two perspectives and argues that it is relevant for current social theory. First, it discusses the field of economic sociology. Specifically, I demonstrate how crowd psychology has informed speculation theory historically and how the crucial notion in crowd semantics, suggestion, may improve our understanding of economic behaviour in general. Second, the article discusses the crowd as a collection of bodies. I suggest, for example, that the sexual energies of crowds may create an important social bond. So rather than representing a threat to society (as classical crowd semantics would have it), the crowd may make a positive contribution to the social order.
Højest løn til de unge dimittender - især blandt mænd
Authors: Beldo Klausen Trond
Published: January 2018

Trond Beldo Klausen:
Younger graduates get better pay
Danish university graduates are nearly 30 years old when they complete their studies. Therefore lowering the age of graduation would serve to increase the number of people on the labour market. This will increase the individual’s aggregated lifetime income due to more years spent on the labour market. On the other hand, it has also been argued that the apparent waste of time allows young people to gain qualifications that enable them to enhance their creativity and competence, characteristics that are increasingly important in a globalized economy. If this is the case, it should also be reflected in their earnings after graduation (assuming that there is a relationship between productivity and earnings).
This paper does not confirm that high graduation age enhances the value of people’s labour power. Age at graduation, rather, is negatively related to earnings at any given level of seniority. This pattern is strongest for men in private companies, among whom there is a substantial earnings gap even when controlling for working hours, unemployment, high school grade point average, educational field, social class origin and number of children below 18 years of age. There is a substantial gap in lifetime income between individuals with the same education but with different ages at graduation in addition to the difference caused by the different number of years spent on the labour market.
Skabelsen af en ny slags syg person: Sexkøberen
Authors: Kulick Don
Published: January 2018

Don Kulick:
The Construction of a New Kind of Sick Personality Type: The Sex Client

The article discusses the criminalizing and pathologizing of the sex client in Sweden. Drawing on inpirations from Michel Foucault and queer studies, it analyses discourses in Sweden from the mid-1900s into the 2000s. Basically, the processes of criminalizing and pathologizing are related to the installment of an official, good sexuality, the only morally comprehensible one. Of special importance in this development is the prioritizing by the State of govern¬mentalizing techniques that do not primarily work by way of prohibitions (although such are also employed). Furthermore, there is the radical feminist influence on Swedish ideologies on “gender parity“, demanding that men con¬¬form to standards imagined to be inherently feminine. Finally, there is the development of new forms of Swedish nationalism, stressing Sweden’s obligation of moral leadership to the rest of the world, in particular the EU.
Retfærdiggørelse, ideologi, kritik
Authors: Albertsen Niels
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel har tre formål. For det første er det hensigten at udrede forbindelserne mellem begreberne retfærdiggørelse, ideologi og kritik, som de foreligger hos Luc Boltanski og Ève Chiapello i Le Nouvel Esprit du capitalisme (1999) (NEC i det følgende) og denne bogs forudsætninger. For det andet skal forholdet mellem kritisk sociologi og kritiksociologi afklares. Boltanski markerer sig i 1980-90erne med en tese om, at sociologien om de sociale aktørers kritiske kompetencer bør erstatte en sociologi, som selv vil være kritisk. I NEC vender imidlertid en idé om kritisk sociologi tilbage. Her skal de to tilgange integreres, som det hedder i forordet til den engelske udgave af NEC (Boltanski & Chiapello 2005:xii). Hvordan hænger dette sammen? For det tredje skal Boltanski og Chiapellos (B&C i det følgende) begrebs- og teoridannelse præciseres gennem konfrontation med dels en marxistisk forståelse af ideologi og kritik, dels aktør-netværksteorien i Bruno Latours udgave, ifølge hvilken kritisk sociologi er noget af det værste og mest skadelige, der er hændt samfundsvidenskaben. Et kort blik på den anerkendelsesteoretiske fornyelse af kritisk teori (Axel Honneth) bidrager til præciseringen.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Niels Albertsen: Justification, Ideology, Critique

The aim of this article is threefold. The first task is to explicate the connections between the concepts of justification, ideology and critique in Luc Boltanski’s and Ève Chiapello’s magnum opus, The New Spirit of Capitalism. The second is to elucidate the relationship between sociology of critique and critical sociology. In the1980-90s Boltanski argued that critical sociology, which approaches social actors critically in search of “hidden“ explanations “behind their backs“, should be replaced by sociology of critique, which investigates the critical competencies of the social actors themselves. In The New Spirit of Capitalism, however, critical sociology shows up again. How consistent is this move? The third aim is to clarify Boltanski’s and Chiapello’s theoretical position by confronting it with Marxist conceptions of ideology and critique (Karl Marx and Slavoj Žižek) and with actor-network theory (Bruno Latour). A quick look at Axel Honneth’s recognition-oriented renewal of critical theory further contributes to the clarification. The main conclusion is that sociology of critique has helped reformulate critical sociology as pragmatic critique, as critical sociology of critique that does not operate with deep, transcendent foundations.

Key words: Justification, ideology, critique, Boltanski, Latour, Žižek.
Rollekonflikter i mødet mellem arbejdsliv og uddannelse
Authors: Rasmussen Annette
Published: January 2018

Gennem de seneste årtier har der været en stigende opmærksomhed på læring og kompetenceudvikling i arbejdslivet. Både ud fra lærings- og effektivitetsmæssige og ud fra demokratiske og emancipatoriske perspektiver kan der argumenteres for ideen om at knytte uddannelsesaktiviteter til arbejdslivet. Arbejdsmarkedets parter er da generelt også enige om, at der er et behov for kompetenceudvikling og en styrkelse af voksen- og efteruddannelsesindsatsen. Til gengæld er det ikke entydigt, hvad der ligger bag ordene, når virksomheder og deres medarbejdere definerer kompetenceudvikling og læring, som også ovennævnte perspektivers forskellighed antyder. Artiklen sætter ud fra en uddannelsessociologisk vinkel fokus på, hvordan virksomheder og medarbejdere ser forskelligt på den almene kursusundervisning, der knytter an til arbejdslivet. Med udgangspunkt i en empirisk analyse belyses det, hvilken betydning betingelserne i arbejdslivet, specielt for de kortuddannede, spiller for deltagelsen i almen kursusundervisning, samt hvorvidt og hvordan mødet mellem rollen som medarbejder og kursist skaber konflikter og særlige læringsrum.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Annette Rasmussen: Perspectives and Conflicts Between Working Life and Education

Lifelong learning has become a mantra of educational policy. Therefore, the development of general competences in working life has enjoyed growing attention, and several projects have been undertaken to increase the participation of low skilled workers in general adult education in Denmark. This article draws on findings from a recent research project which focused on the encounter between working life and education. It considers cases in which low skilled workers attended courses that were established by adult education centres and private or public enterprises. It focuses on the conflicting logics of work and education and the sometimes divergent perspectives of employers and employees on the meaning of such courses. It illustrates how meaning attached to adult and workplace education and learning reflects the perspectives of the various stakeholders; and it shows how power relations are implicitly part of the pedagogical strategies employed in the educations. The concepts of interests and investments are important tools in this analysis. Observations from the courses and interviews with participants outline the tensions and contradictions which have arisen from the meeting of working life and education.

Key words: Adult and workplace education, interests, conflicts, lifelong learning.
Transatlantiske kampe i Østeuropa om retlige og statslige modeller
Authors: Hammerslev Ole
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel undersøger den sociale genese af retlige assistanceprogrammer udviklet efter afslutningen på den Kolde Krig i USA og EU. Artiklen illustrerer, hvordan de retlige assistanceprogrammer i USA i høj grad blev udviklet på amerikanske erhvervsadvokaters private initiativ uden for staten, mens EU’s programmer blev skabt inden for det bureaukratiske felt. Forskellen i programmernes baggrund reflekteres på den måde de fungerer. De amerikanske jurister og institutioner eksporterede retlige modeller via ikke-statslige agenter og organisationer, hvor de europæiske agenter og institutioner eksporterede retlige modeller via statsinstitutioner og embedsmænd. Ved at fokusere på Bulgarien som retlig importør illustrerer artiklen således, hvordan amerikanske og europæiske aktører eksporterede forskellige former for stat via forskellige former for retlige programmer og retlig ekspertise. Gennem et retligt fokus giver artiklen et indblik i en transatlantisk kamp om indretninger af stat, ret og ekspertise.

Søgeord: Stat, juridisk profession, EU-udvidelse, retlig eksport, bureaukratisk felt.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Ole Hammerslev: Transatlantic Battles in Eastern Europe about State Models and Law

This article examines the social genesis of legal assistance programs for Eastern Europe developed after the Cold War in the US and in the EU. The article argues that the legal assistance programs developed in the US were primarily created by American commercial lawyers, while the European programs were created within the bureaucratic field. This difference in the backgrounds of the programs is reflected in the way they function. The American lawyers and institutions exported legal models via non-state agents and organisations, whereas the European agents and institutions exported legal models via state institutions and officials. Focusing on Bulgaria as legal importer, the article exemplifies transatlantic hegemonic struggles about the organisation of the state, law and expertise.

Key words: State, legal profession, EU enlargement, legal export.
Antifungal activity of Mentha piperita and Carum carvi essential oils
Authors: Plavsic Dragana , Dimic Gordana , Psodorov Djordje , Psodorov Dragan , Saric Ljubisa , Cabarkapa Ivana , Kosutic Milenko
Published: January 2018

Aromatic plants are one of the most important sources of biologically active
secondary metabolites, which possess various antimicrobial characteristics.
The aim of this work was to examine the effect of antifungal activities of
mint and caraway essential oils against the selected fungi. Eight species of
molds were selected for antifungal testing: Alternaria alternata, Aspegillus
flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Eurotium herbariorum, Penicillium
aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum and P. expansum. Testing of essential oils
antifungal activity against the selected species was conducted using the
disc diffusion method by adding mint and caraway essential oils (0.5, 1, 5,
and 10 ?l per disc). Antifungal activity of essential oils was expressed by
the diameter of inhibition zone (mm). The most powerful effect of mint
essential oil was recorded against E. herbariorum, as its growth was
completely inhibited by the quantity of 5 ?l. The weakest inhibitory effect
was observed against P. chrysogenum (inhibition zone 13.67 mm) by the
quantity of 10 ?l. The most powerful antifungal activity of caraway was
observed against E. herbariorum as growth was completely inhibited by the
quantity of 10 ?l. The weakest inhibitory effect was observed against A.
niger (inhibition zone 28 mm) by the quantity of 10 ?l.
Policy stringency and (eco)-innovation performance: a cross country analysis
Authors: Kemenade Tim Van , Teixeira Aurora A.C.
Published: January 2018

Policymakers have an important role in enabling eco-innovation. To assess the effectivity of these interventions, it is necessary to characterize policies, namely the level of policy stringency. The present study contributes to extant empirical literature by performing a cross-country assessment of the impact of policy stringency on the outcomes (rather than the inputs) of the eco-innovation process. Contrasting with extant evidence, results fail to evidence the relevance of policy stringency for eco-innovation performance. Notwithstanding, policy stringency emerged indirectly as a potential critical determinant. Indeed, the possibility to save costs is often driven by policy instruments that punish pollution intensive firms.
Trans-Religious Identity from the Edge? Promoting Interfaith Dialogue among Transgender Community in Yogyakarta
Authors: Fawaid Achmad
Published: January 2018

Transgender issues, including those who have been called as ‘waria’, are diverse, complex, and evolving, particularly in Indonesia where the most inhabited people are Muslims commonly bringing with them any sexual and, sadly, religious stereotype to waria as marginal(ized) individuals. This paper aims to raise a question of our primordial understanding and religious experience on the existence of the transgender community. It focused on an empirical study of Kebaya (Keluarga Besar Komunitas Waria Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta’s Center for Transgendered, which is an NGO developed by transvestites in Yogyakarta to struggle against prejudice, acceptance, and HIV Aids. This study is not specifically to analyze their social relation, but importantly how the NGO became a shared space of interfaith dialogue and a representation of religios life among transgender people in Yogyakarta, including the ways they build socio-cultural-religious relation with other people and religious figures. It would be analyzed under socio-anthropological approach to religion by which this study reflect them as a part of the certain community who had special position in terms of interreligious dialogue. The implication of this study suggests that interfaith dialogue is possible, not only among the inner-circle of mainstream religious believers, but also among and from the edge community: from those who often feel ostracized within today’s trans-population in Indonesia.
Ethnic and Religious Diversity in Sarawak: Peacebuilding among Muslim Youth
Authors: Nooraida Sharifah
Published: January 2018

The ethnic and religious diversity in Sarawak is unique among Malaysians. The need for tolerance and unity regardless of the existence of various ethnics and religions is the key to building peace in Sarawak. The state of unity in Sarawak is sustained with the role of Islam as the official religion, the constitutional monarchy, community structure, political will, social awareness, positive peace, economic stability and education for gender equality. Muslim youth in Sarawak are also playing roles in promoting peace through esteemed programmes in an effort to engage peacebuilding among youths. 'Islam is the way of life' continues to be the principle in engaging Muslim youth towards peace. The Institute of Teacher Education (ITE) Batu Lintang Campus in Kuching, Sarawak is one of the higher learning institutions in Malaysia that is engaging youth in promoting peace. ITE Batu Lintang Campus participated in colouring Malaysia with ‘The Youth Peace Campaign’ accompanied by 394 youth from all over Sarawak. This paper aims to share the roles and opinions of the Muslim youth towards peace in their diversified ethnic and religious community. Although ITE Batu Lintang Campus endorsed no specific course accentuating on peacebuilding education, the youth in the campus are still the main asset for promoting peace in ethnic and religious diversity.
Cuantificación y distribución cartográfica de la generación de escorrentía y sedimentos en las provincia de Málaga
Authors: Gallegos Reina Antonio
Published: January 2018

El artículo realiza una aproximación a los riesgos de inundación y erosión en la provincia de Málaga, desde la cuantificación y distribución cartográfica de los procesos de generación de escorrentía y sedimentos. Para estimar la generación de escorrentía se ha trabajado con el umbral de escorrentía y con las máximas lluvias diarias. La generación de sedimentos se ha modelizado aplicando cartográficamente la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelos. Finalmente, se han calculado diversas estadísticas para cada una de estas variables tanto a nivel provincial como municipal. Paralelamente, durante el trabajo se incide en la interrelación entre las peligrosidades por inundabilidad y erosión, y la necesidad de estudiar ambos riesgos de manera asociada.
Clinical signs, treatment, and prognostic factors for dogs with histoplasmosis
Authors: Wilson Allison G. , KuKanich Kate S. , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Payton Mark E.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a large sample of dogs, compare outcomes achieved with fluconazole versus itraconazole, and identify variables available at the time of diagnosis with prognostic value.

DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study.

ANIMALS 79 dogs with confirmed histoplasmosis evaluated at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1999 through 2015.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and data extracted regarding clinical signs at evaluation, physical examination findings, clinical laboratory values, other diagnostic test results, treatments, and outcomes. Data were compared between antifungal agents used (fluconazole or itraconazole) and between other variables.

RESULTS Various breeds were represented. Working and herding breeds had mostly disseminated histoplasmosis, and toy breeds had mostly the gastrointestinal form. The diagnosis was often achieved with noninvasive techniques, such as cytologic evaluation of rectal scrape samples (n = 24) or blood films (15). Clinical remission was achieved in 16 of 25 (64%) dogs receiving fluconazole and 17 of 24 (71%) dogs receiving itraconazole. No differences were identified between antifungal agents in survival, clinical remission, or disease relapse rates. Identified negative prognostic factors included Great Pyrenees breed, dyspnea, need for oxygen supplementation, icterus, palpable abdominal organomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and hyperbilirubinemia, whereas diarrhea was a positive prognostic factor.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that histoplasmosis should be considered in a sick dog of any breed in an endemic area. Clinical signs may be nonspecific. Diagnosis may often be possible with noninvasive and inexpensive tests. Either fluconazole or itraconazole may be an effective treatment option.
Aprendizagem Profissional Docente do estagiário de Licenciatura em Matemáticas nas práticas interdisciplinares da FE/Unicamp
Authors: Acevedo Rincon Jenny Patricia
Published: January 2018

O artigo valoriza as experiências de aprendizagem profissional docente situadas em um contexto interdisciplinar de formação dos futuros professores, como o constitui o curso Estágio Supervisionado I, oferecido pela Faculdade de Educação (FE/Unicamp). O objetivo principal da pesquisa em desenvolvimento é compreender as práticas de aprendizagem profissional docente dos estagiários da Licenciatura em matemática a partir da participação em experiências interdisciplinares na FE/Unicamp. Como referencial teórico da pesquisa usamos o conceito de Aprendizagem Situada da Teoria Social da Aprendizagem, a participação em Comunidades de Prática e a identidade (profissional). A pesquisa é de tipo qualitativa, tendo como materiais empíricos os diários de campo da pesquisadora, diários de campo dos estagiários, planos de intervenção dos estagiários nas escolas campo de Estágio, relatórios finais da disciplina, questionário e entrevistas (individual e grupal) dos 18 estagiários participantes da pesquisa, os quais compõem o corpo de análise e interpretação dos dados. As análises narrativas desenvolvidas com as quatro estagiárias da Licenciatura em matemática, apresentam uma forma de compreender as experiências das estagiárias sobre as práticas nos quatro cenários identificados: o Curso, os Grupos Interdisciplinares, a Escola, e a plataforma virtual de registro das narrativas (TelEduc).
APLIKASI TEORI PERILAKU MANAJEMEN PADA BANK MILIK PEMERINTAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nisa Chaerani
Published: January 2018

This paper analyzed the behavior management in state owned bank in Indonesia. The behavior management, which is divided into four hypothesis which are, bad management, bad luck, skimping and moral hazard. This hypothesis is tested using four variables, which are efficiency, non-performing loan and capital adequacy ratio. Meanwhile, the Granger Causality test is using to find out which behavior management is happened. This concept then applied in ordinary least square model. As modification, this research use VAR (Vector Autoregressive). Since VAR also using granger causality basic concept. The result show that bad luck hypothesis happened. This is similar with the condition in India, Nordic, Central and Eastern Europe.
TEACHER, BOOK AND COMPANION: THE ENVIRONMENT IN SHONA CHILDRENâ€™S LITERATURE
Authors: Makaudze Godwin
Published: January 2018

Contemporary society has had running battles with citizens, trying to force them to be aware and appreciative of the importance of relating well with, and also safeguarding the environment. Modern ways of child socialisation seem in mentoring youngsters about the being, nature and significance of the environment (both natural and social) in life. Today, society it has largely become the duty of non-governmental organisations and law enforcement agents to educate and safeguard against the abuse of the social environment and the degradation, pollution and extinction of crucial facets of the natural environment. Using the Afrocentricity theory, the article explicates the position of the environment in Shona childrenâ€™s oral literature (folktales, songs, riddles and taboos), showing that it was presented, viewed and taken as a teacher, book and close companion whose welfare was to be guarded jealously. The article advocates the adoption and adaptation of African ways of child socialisation, which subtly but effectively build a positive and healthy relationship between people and their environment.
BEACONS OF HOPE: YOUTHS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEATRE INDUSTRY IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Rwafa Urther
Published: January 2018

Since independence (attained in 1980), the theatre industry in Zimbabwe has experienced some tremendous changes due to the involvement of youths who have the capacity to experiment with different genres, such as theatre in the park, street theatre, forum theatre, proscenium theatre and community theatre. All these forms of theatre continue to explore different themes and perspectives that affect Zimbabwean youths in both positive and negative ways. This article explores factors that affect the productive life of theatrical productions in Zimbabwe paying particular attention to the extent to which youths were/are involved in contributing to the growth of the theatre industry in Zimbabwe. In this endeavour, the article will focus on education and training aspects, networking, collaborations, funding, research, theatre impact and advocacy. A better understanding of how the above-mentioned factors affect the developmental skills of youths and the growth of Zimbabwean theatre industry will create awareness among youths, who should make informed decisions if they are to survive â€˜cut-throatâ€™ competition in Zimbabweâ€™s theatre industry.
PROMOTION OF SCHOOL SPORTS: A SURVEY OF THE PERCEPTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNERS AT PUBLIC TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS IN TSHWANE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Pule Eric , Drotsky Tonie , Toriola Abel , Kubayi Ntwanano Alliance
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate learnersâ€™ views about sport promotion at public primary and secondary schools in Tshwane, the capital city of South Africa. A total of 773 school children aged 12â€“18 years volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire. Overall, the results showed that both primary and secondary school children indicated that quality of sport facilities, school sport bursaries, safety after school hours, competition and sport equipment should be made available to all children at schools. The implication of the findings for effective planning and delivery of sports programmes in schools are discussed.
â€˜VOICESâ€™, MEANING AND â€˜HETEROGLOSSIAâ€™ IN PRISONERS OF HOPE (1995)
Authors: Khan Khatija Bibi
Published: January 2018

The documentary film Prisoners of Hope (1995) is a heart-rending account of 1 250 former political prisoners in the notorious Robben Island prison in South Africa. The aim of this article is to explore the narratives of Prisoners of Hope and in the process capture its celebratory mood and reveal the contribution that the prisoners made towards the realisation of a free South Africa. The documentary features interviews with Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, Ahmed Kathrada and other former inmates as they recall and recount the atrocities perpetrated by defenders of the apartheid system and debate the future of South Africa with its â€˜newâ€™ political dispensation led by blacks. A textual analysis of Prisoners of Hope will enable one to explore the human capacity to resist, commit oneself to a single goal and live beyond the horrors and traumas of an oppressive and dehumanising system.
TAPESTRIES OF HOPE: FILM, YOUTHS AND HIV/AIDS IN ZIMBABWE AND SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Rwafa Urther , Rafapa Lesibana
Published: January 2018

In Zimbabwe, the marauding effects of the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are felt in almost all families, among different age groups, class lines, races and creed. The effects are debated and discussed, and different intervention measures are suggested using various forms of media. The communication-science-based interventions and advocacy promoted through film are an integral part of biomedically based scientific research into understanding the nature and manifestations of HIV/AIDS. However, it is worrisome that in most of the research, debates and discussions that focus on HIV /AIDS, adults take the centre-stage. This practice of speaking for youths, and not to and with them, denies the reality that youths are agents of social change whose â€˜â€˜voiceâ€™â€™ and action can have the capacity to transform society for the better in the face of HIV /AIDS. In Zimbabwe, one methodological approach that youths can use to debate and spread the message about the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS is film. In the Zimbabwean section, this article singles out the short film The sharing day (2009) as an informative and communicative tool that features youths dramatising narratives of hope, pain and sorrow as they are confronted by the reality of HIV/AIDS. In the South African section of the article, the abcnews.com documentary (2001) on Xolani Nkosi Johnsonâ€™s struggle with HIV/AIDS is used to signal hope. The article critiques documentary filmmaking on Johnson, using criteria such as youth involvement (Harrison et al. 2010; Wang 2006), effectiveness of the message (Hanan 2009) and bonding and bridging social capital (Foulis et al. 2007).
PERCEPTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES: A CASE IN THE LEPELLE-NKUMPI MUNICIPAL AREA
Authors: Kanjere Matshidiso
Published: January 2018

The South African youth faces multiple challenges that range from illiteracy, drug and alcohol abuse, crime and HIV/AIDS, to unemployment. These challenges and many other ills in society have led to interventions by government, and private and other civil societies. The government has established and initiated a number of programmes that aim at building capacity and helping the youth to cope with these multiple challenges. Some of the programmes are aimed at building leadership capacity among the impoverished youth in rural communities. A lot of money is being invested in these programmes, which are meant to develop young South Africans. However, there are some young people who do not participate in these programmes. They are also not in the formal education system, self-employed or employed elsewhere. And they are despondent. The government, private sector and non-governmental organisations are trying hard to bring these youths and others into the developmental arena, so that they can be active participants in the economy of the country in the near future. However, little research has been conducted to assess the broad impact of the various programmes in the country. The contribution that these programmes are making toward improving the livelihoods of young people has to be determined on a larger scale. Nevertheless, this article reports on an investigation that was conducted on a smaller scale, at the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The aim of the research was to explore the perceptions young South Africans have of the leadership development programmes that they have participated in. A mixed research approach was used to collect data and the key findings indicated that knowledge accumulated through participation in the programmes does not always translate into practical applications. However, the programmes were deemed to be valuable in instilling a positive life-view. The study recommends that support systems be established in the rural areas to assist young people with life challenges.
CREATING SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY STRUCTURES FOR REINTEGRATED LIBERIAN CHILD SOLDIERS: PART I
Authors: Ferreira Rialize , Mutiti Alfred Stuart
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the socio-political context of the Liberian civil war. It gives background to the conflict, explains how the different factions emerged and how they involved children in the conflict to be reintegrated afterwards. It examines how different community structures are identified during the reintegration processes of child soldiers and questions whether the right structures are identified. To address these issues, the question is asked: What international and regional efforts and policies were created to address the problem of sustainable reintegration of child soldiers? It is necessary to focus on legal frameworks that protect children in armed conflicts and frameworks where the International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law provisions are stipulated. The role of the community in the social reintegration process is crucial, and documented literature on common mistakes made in working with community structures by the different actors are explained. However, the type of community structures to bring on board in the reintegration programmes is still a challenge. The qualitative research design, based on the Functionalist theoretical perspective, to gather data on creating sustainable community structures will briefly be mentioned to explain how research questions were answered and resolved.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL LITERATURE AND MUSEUM STUDIES
Authors: Sone Enongene Mirabeau
Published: January 2018

Oral literature and museums are intimately related to each other. While the former is an academic discipline, the latter is an institution. This article examines the historical background of the study of oral literature and the historical development of the museum so that the relationship between the two can be easily appreciated. The article argues that oral literature, as a form of folklore, can help to create good museums and that the museum, on the other hand, can contribute to the study of oral literature. This interrelationship, once appreciated by both oral literature scholars (folklorists) and museologists (museum scholars), will be of tremendous benefit to the study of oral literature as an academic discipline and to the development of more thematic museums, especially in Africa where oral literature is a dynamic aspect of societal life.
DJANGO UNCHAINED: REDISCOURSING RACIAL RELATIONS DURING THE SLAVE TRADE
Authors: Mukwara Peace , Mangosho Tatenda
Published: January 2018

The proliferation of major Hollywood productions on the topic of slavery has surprised fans, critics, and scholars alike. Whilst previous productions have portrayed black people as a docile, primitive and an amenable race, Tarantinoâ€™s Django Unchained (2012), through its portrayal of Django and Stephen, refutes previous stereotypes. This paper examines the relationship between blacks and whites as portrayed in the film. Through the theory of anthropophagy, it argues that Django and Stephen redefine the struggle against slavery by learning and adapting the â€˜enemyâ€™sâ€™ means for survival. The film offers one sensational sequence after another, all set around these two intriguing characters (Django and Stephen), who seem to be opposites, but share pragmatic, financial and personal issues.
Gender and cultural negotiation in Ninah’s Dowry: exploring a Cameroonian view
Authors: Ngum Yvette
Published: January 2018

The issue of identity is complex in Cameroon. As a nation with diverse cultures, people perform different identities in relation to the power that exist. Moreover, the situation is complicated by the historical colonisation of Cameroon by two different powers with different cultural identities, namely the English and the French. In such a context, where national identity is informed by a background of multicultural institutions, the performance of peoples’ identity is challenged by the hegemonies in place. Cameroonian cultural productions have responded to these situations, exposing and challenging the dominant hegemonies in place. Victor Viyuoh’s film, Ninah’s Dowry, is one of these. A work that deals with the trajectory of a woman caught in the web of patriarchy and other dominant practices, Viyuoh’s film gives room for a reading beyond this obvious thematic perspective. Using post-structuralist theory and psychoanalysis, I examine the display of domination, oppression and subordination in constructing gender identities in Ninah’s Dowry (2012). I argue that Ninah’s fate, in the work, is determined not only by the symbolic dowry system, which subjugates the woman, but also by the greed that underpins the whole marriage system.
PORTRAIT OF A POLITICAL LIBERATION THEOLOGIAN: LIBERATION THEOLOGY AND THE MAKING OF ABEL MUZOREWAâ€™S AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SUBJECTIVITY IN RISE UP AND WALK
Authors: Ngoshi Hazel Tafadzwa
Published: January 2018

Â Autobiographical subjects are products of their experiential histories, memories, agency and the discourses of their time lived and time of textual production. This article explores the religious and political discursive economy in which Abel Muzorewa (former Prime Minister of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia) narrates the story of his life and how this discursive context constructs his autobiographical subjectivity. The article examines how Muzorewaâ€™s religious beliefs â€“ comÂ­bined with his experiential history of being a colonial subject â€“ are deployed as a strategy of constructing his subjectivity. I argue that the discursive contexts of mass nationalism and his Christian religious beliefs grounded in Latin American liberation theology construct both MuÂ­zorewa as the subject of Rise up and walk and the narrative discourse. The article posits that the narrative tropes derived from Christian texts that Muzorewa deploys mediate his identity, and that his selfhood emerges with the unfolding of the narrative. What he claims to be politiÂ­cal pragmatism on his part is also inspired by the practical theology which he subscribes to. I argue that his subjectivity is complexly realised through the contradictory relationship between missionary theology and liberation theology.
GRAHAM LANGâ€™S DEPICTION OF THE ZIMBABWEAN CRISIS, MIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN PLACE OF BIRTH (2006)
Authors: Musanga Terrence
Published: January 2018

This paper explores Graham Langâ€™s depiction of the Zimbabwean crisis, migration and identity in Place of Birth (2006). The text, by foregrounding the experiences of a white Zimbabwean familyâ€™s attempts to survive the crisis, offers a hitherto marginalised discourse/narrative in Zimbabwean literature, which largely focuses on the experiences of black Zimbabweans. Langâ€™s understanding of the nexus between the Zimbabwean crisis, migration and identity is chiefly centred on the Zimbabwean governmentâ€™s land reform programme. However, Langâ€™s depiction of the Zimbabwean crisis in general and the land reform programme in particular largely resonate with colonial perceptions of the African, which project him/her as inherently atavistic in nature.
HOMOSEXUALITY IN CAMEROONIAN PRISONS: PERSPECTIVES OF FEMALE INMATES, PRISON STAFF AND NGO REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: Linonge-Fontebo Helen Namondo
Published: January 2018

Homosexuality is highly resisted in Cameroon by all spectrums of the social strata and it is a criminal offence under Cameroonian criminal law. Yet there has been little research on homosexuality in Cameroon, let alone prison sexuality. Defence lawyers for lesbians, gay, bisexuals, transgender and intersex individuals (LGBTI) and their families receive anonymous telephone calls and text messages threatening them with death if they do not withdraw from defending homosexuals. The National Commission for Human Rights and Freedom (NCHRF) refuses to protect LGBTI victims from arbitrary arrest and police brutality, and their subsequent incarceration in prison. Workshops organised for sexual minorities are being disrupted even when the organisers obtain due authorisation. The article examines the continuation or spread of the practice of homosexuality despite its criminalisation, as well as the dynamics of the practice within a prison system. The research is qualitative, involving the narratives of 38 research participants distributed as follows: 18 female inmates, 18 prison staff members and two NGO representatives. The findings reveal that homosexuality exists in Cameroonian prisons and is more common in menâ€™s cells than in womenâ€™s cells. Prison staff have attempted to limit its practise in the cells, yet it is ongoing and both prison staff and inmates punish the perpetrators of this offence. The decriminalisation of homosexuality as an offence has become imperative, because in this authorâ€™s view sexual orientation is not biologically determined but rather the result of socialisation.
Instrumental Support for Professional Nurses Caring for Patients Living with HIV/AIDS in the Tshwane District of Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Ndou Nthomeni Dorah
Published: January 2018

Public hospitals across South Africa are flooded by patients diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related illnesses. The AIDS situation has completely changed the medical landscape and placed a great burden on the shoulders of professional nurses. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe instrumental support for the professional nurses. Challenges faced by the professional nurses were fatigue, ill health, resignation and poor HIV/AIDS care to patients admitted with opportunistic infections. The study was conducted at one of the Tshwane district hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa. Instrumental support was explored focusing on tangible assistance provided by the hospital and nurse managers. A qualitative approach with explorative, descriptive and contextual designs was employed. Purposive sampling method was used to select 25 participants who participated in the individual face-to-face interviews. Data gathered from the participants were analysed using Teschâ€™s eight-step criteria of open-coding techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the hospital and nurse managers did not provide effective tangible support. It was recommended that instrumental support for professional nurses who care for patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses be effectively provided by the hospital and the nurse managers through the development of a model to deal with instrumental challenges.
Attitude To, and Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Among Women of Child-Bearing Age Attending Selected Hospitals in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara , Goon Daniel Ter , Seekoe Eunice
Published: January 2018

Unplanned child birth generates serious health and financial problems for families, and results in a population explosion in the presence of inadequate infrastructure. In spite of the various awareness creation campaigns on family planning, many women are still ignorant of its importance; some believe that children are gifts from God and women should bear children without any restrictions. This study therefore sought to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among women of child-bearing age attending selected hospitals in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 purposively selected women of child-bearing age attending the two largest infant welfare clinics in Osogbo. The mean age of the participants was 26.23 (SD Â± 1.23) years. The majority (170; 85%) were married, had 3-4 children (114; 57%) and were Muslim (118; 59%). Most (130; 65%) of the participants had secondary level education. Almost all the participants (194; 97%) were knowledgeable about family planning and contraception and all of them practised it. About 70% of the women had a good attitude to family planning. There was a significant relationship between education qualification (p < 0.000) and parity (p < 0.000) and womenâ€™s attitude to family planning. Likewise, there was a significant relationship between the family planning knowledge of women of child-bearing age as well as their practice of family planning (p < 0.000). The study showed that these women in the selected hospitals had good knowledge of and attitudes to family planning and applied good practices.