bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia Common electricity market of the EEU: Effects for Russia
Authors:   Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, Kolomiets Alexandra ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kurdin Alexander ,   Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

The integration of the EEU economic space includes measures directed to create common electric power markets, however, theoretical and empirical scientific research does not allow us to speak unequivocally about the positive effects for all participants of such an integration alliance. The issue of creating a common electricity market of the EEU countries is also quite controversial in practice due to a number of existing regulatory and technical barriers. The presented work is proposed to consider the possible consequences of the creation of wholesale electricity markets for Russia. The author, using the autoregressive fractional-integrated moving average model, shows that the creation of a common electricity market of the EEU countries may be premature at the current level of technical capabilities and the structure of national markets. Obtained as a result of modeling forecast price of the general market exceeds the price of the domestic wholesale market in Russia. It can cause a disparity in supply and demand on the domestic and the general markets, that increases in prices for the domestic buyers with some probability. Thus, the integration effects of the creation of a common electricity market may not always be positive for all parties to the agreement, which means that the overall gain from lower electricity prices under such an agreement requires a comparison of the costs and benefits of the agent making the decision to join such an alliance.
Scientific networks of young political scientists as a tool of “soft power”: Opportunities and limitations
Authors:   HSE University, Pomiguev Ilya , Zakharova Evgeniya ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Published: January 2023

The article is about the development of the connections of young political scientists with the international scientific community in the context of the Russian academic policy. With the help of the network analysis the authors examine the capacity of young political scientists’ network as agents of soft power, as well as the external factors that affect youth political scientists’ community. The article presents results of the all-Russia poll about the most effective ways to engage the youth to acquiring new knowledge and skills, and the role of political scientists’ organizations in developing and enhancing international interaction. Using SWOT-analysis the authors analyze the opportunities and the challenges on the way of creating scientific network among young political scientists from around the world, evaluate government and NGO engagement in the process of enhancing such communications. Germany and the US are the model cases that were studied in the context. The trend for these two countries is the use of NGO financing of researchers, internship and exchange programs. The authors conclude that governmental support of NGOs, easing the laws and additional funding can be the opportunity for developing the Russian young political scientists’ community both in Russia and abroad.
Collective Portrait of Delegates to the Congress of Soviets in 1917–1936
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mironov B. N.
Published: January 2023

Analysis of the party, socio-professional, ethnic, educational, gender and age composition of the delegates to the All-Russian and All-Union Congresses of Soviets in 1917–1936 discovered that the revolution brought to power new people. If the majority of the members of the State Duma and the Constituent Assembly belonged to the political cream of the elite and counter-elite, then the majority of the delegates to the Soviets were bone from the bone of the lower orders and reflected the cultural level of the majority of voters and shared socialist ideas and were zealous conductors of them in life. Overrepresented in the Soviets were members and candidates of the CPSU, men, youth and persons of early adulthood, employees, military personnel and intellectuals, Russians, educated; and underrepresented are members of other parties and non-party people, peasants, pro-bourgeois elements and persons from the former privileged strata, women, non-Russians, persons of mature and old age, illiterate. By age and education, delegates were not suitable for serious parliamentary activity, since they lacked education, worldly wisdom and political maturity. The new electoral law of 1918 was of fundamental importance for the creation of a loyal pro-Bolshevik deputy corps. The law established a system of indirect, multistage, class, qualification elections, very similar to the pre-revolutionary electoral law of 1907. Qualifications were introduced that increased the number of pro-Bolshevik voters; the election procedure was changed, allowing the authorities to take control of the nomination of candidates and the voting process. The policy of restriction found a response and approval among the broad masses, gave them a feeling of deep satisfaction, since they began to feel themselves like privileged classes. Many, primarily millions of deputies of the Soviets of various levels, sincerely believed that they were taking part in governing the state.
Faithful Collective Farmers and “Communist Priests”: Coexistence of Orthodox and “Socialist” Cultures in the Life of the Soviet Village in the Late Stalin and Khrushchev Periods
Authors:   Regional Open Social Institute, Apanasenok A. V. ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The paper is devoted to the problem of the existence of Orthodox traditions in the life of Soviet collective farms during post-war decades. Its main goal is to find out how the traditional confessional culture of the village has adapted to the realities of “developed socialism”. Considering the Orthodox practices of Soviet peasants in the late Stalin and Khrushchev periods, the author departs from the traditionally rigid opposition of the concepts of “Soviet” and “religious”, starting from the thesis about the possibility of mutual influence of the corresponding cultures and their practical coordination at the level of everyday life. The research source base was made up of materials from the central and regional offices of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, as well as documents of party structures that actively discussed the problems of mass religiosity during the Khrushchev period. Based on them, the paper discusses the depth of penetration of Soviet ideology into village life, the manifestations of the post-war Orthodox revival, the attitude of local party cadres to it and specific ways of adapting “village Orthodoxy” to official Soviet discourses. The paper concludes that traditional Orthodox practices were filled with additional meanings corresponding to the values of patriotism, socialist construction, and the struggle for peace officially declared by the Soviet state. In addition, the appearance of a new type of “Soviet priest” in the village is demonstrated — a priest who shares communist values with the exception of atheism and broadcasts them to his parishioners. Finally, the paper shows examples of practical coordination by peasants of elements of Orthodox and new “socialist” culture both at the level of worldview and in everyday life.
Soviet Mentality: Markers of Socio-Historical Identity
Authors:   Minin University, Somov V. A. , Volkova E. S. ,   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East — Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

Modern historiography of Soviet society is at the stage of forming an impartial assessment of its place in the history of Russian civilization. The most famous articles on the history of the USSR are often a documented expression of the author’s research position, which does not always strive for impartiality. Such studies evoke the feeling of an ongoing “civil war” — now on the “fronts” of science and journalism. Moreover, a number of authors concentrate on studying, mainly, the negative features of the “Soviet project”, transferring these characteristics to the entire Soviet society. Following in line with the noumenal approach to the study of Soviet society, the authors call on the scientific community to move from a detailed factual description of the Soviet era to identifying its basic characteristics, while abandoning politicized assessments. The purpose of the study is to determine the main components of the Soviet mentality based on an analysis of its key manifestations in different periods of the history of the Soviet state. To achieve this goal, markers of the socio-historical identity of the Soviet person are introduced, such as “revolution”, “idea”, “atheism”, “war”, “doublethink”, etc. It was established that the set of mental characteristics was not constant, they were updated in depending on the specific historical situation. The noumenal characteristics of a Soviet person were historically formed as a result of the dialectical interaction of the ideal type of a “non-party Bolshevik” — a socially oriented collectivist with a heightened sense of duty and his antipode — the notorious “Sovok” — an irresponsible careerist and social opportunist. In conclusion, it is noted, that the Soviet mentality can be defined more as a vector of promising targeted development than as a stable socio-psychological type.
“The Myth of Elsa Brandström” and its Influence on the History of Prisoners of War of the Countries of the Quadruple Alliance in Russia
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Shalamov V. A.
Published: January 2023

During the First World War, prisoners of war from the countries of the Quadruple Alliance were distributed among concentration camps throughout the Russian Empire. At first, due to the country’s unpreparedness to receive such a large number of captives, their conditions of detention were unsatisfactory. Neutral organizations come to their aid. Elsa Brandstrom, a sister of mercy of the Swedish Red Cross, is best known. She was the daughter of a Swedish envoy to Russia, who was distinguished by pro-German views. During the war years, thanks to her tireless energy, germanophilia and russophobia, she gained extraordinary popularity in the German environment. When the civil war broke out in eastern Russia, Elsa Brandstrom drove across the front line with large funds intended to help prisoners of war. After returning to her homeland, she published a memoir for charitable purposes, in which she summarized all her experience of the war. Contemporaries perceived her book as the main source on the history of captivity in Russia. Her altruism and desire to help former prisoners and after the war created around her a myth of holiness and infallibility. Numerous public appearances and lectures have strengthened her credibility. The lack of critical understanding of her activities and her publications, as well as the lack of opposition from the Russian side, gave rise to the illusion of the correctness of her judgments. Ultimately, this led to a distortion of the history of the stay of prisoners of war of the countries of the Quadruple Alliance in Russia. To date, Russian and foreign historiography has accumulated a sufficient volume of criticism to consider how the “Elsa Brandstrom myth” was formed and what impact it had.
The nature of the international legal personality of the Order of Malta
Authors:   HSE University, Ivanov Eduard
Published: January 2023

The article provides a theoretical analysis of historical roots and the nature of international legal personality of the Order of Malta. The Order was established in 1048 to provide medical support to the wounded and sick pilgrim in the Holy Land. In the following years, the Order became military functions and participated in the Crusades. Power over territory and population was never the main mission of the Order. In the author’s opinion, the Order of Malta was rather a platform for cooperation of knights from different countries. However, in 16th–18th centuries, in the time of the development of the concept of international legal personality, the Order of Malta has a territorial sovereignty over Malta and the neighbourhood islands. It became a status of subject of international law at the same time as states. A question regarding sovereignty of the Order of Malta and of its status as a subject of international law arises after the occupation of Malta by the Army of Napoleon in 1798 and the decision of the Vienna congress concerning Malta in 1814. The article justifies a crucial role of the constitutive theory of recognition for the continuation of the international legal personality of the Order of Malta after the loss of territory. The author also provides an overview of the Orden’s governance framework, laws and international treaties. In light of current debates about the necessity of constitutional reforms in the Order of Malta, the nature of the Order’s international legal personality represents a great academic and practical interest.
Synthesis of cuprous oxide via ion exchange route for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Liu Xiangyao , Zhang Haili , Jing Guolin
Published: January 2023

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using cupric hydroxide gel as a precursor and glucose as a reductant. A well-dispersed cupric hydroxide gel was prepared by treatment of aqueous cuprous chloride with anion exchange resin. The average diameter of the Cu2O nanoparticles was 780 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that polyethylene from the anion exchange resin was present in the Cu2O powder, explaining how the ion exchange route reduces agglomeration of the Cu2O nanoparticles. Addition of hydrogen peroxide during the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue significantly reduced photocorrosion of the Cu2O nanoparticles. The mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide participates in the photocatalytic process and inhibits photocorrosion was investigated.
Chemically activated carbon preparation from natural rubber biosludge for the study of characterization, kinetics and isotherms, thermodynamics, reusability during Cr(VI) and methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Mahapatra Uttara , Chatterjee Abhijit , Das Chandan , Manna Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2023

Alkaline leachate, dust generation, and foul smell during the stacking process of natural rubber biosludge (NRBS) can pollute surrounding water, soil, and air. In this study, natural rubber chemically activated carbon (NRCAC) has been synthesized for the first time from NRBS by pyrolysis using ZnCl2 at 700 °C for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Both NRBS and NRCAC were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). FTIR and SEM-EDS suggested significant functional and morphological transformations in NRCAC. Experimental investigations of different process parameters, such as pH, concentration, contact time, salt concentration, etc., were conducted to study their influences on adsorption. Adsorption and desorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while adsorption equilibrium followed Liu isotherm. Maximum uptake calculated from the Liu model was 81.28 and 211.90 mg/g for Cr(VI) and MB, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis established spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. Up to five adsorption/desorption cycles were conducted using eluents such as 1 M NaOH and water for Cr(VI) and MB, respectively. Electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange favored Cr(VI)/MB adsorption, while hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking were significant in MB uptake. Overall findings suggest that NRBS (a renewable agro-industrial, abundant, and freely available) could be employed to synthesize biochar for adsorptive removal of wastewater containing Cr(VI)/MB.
Food Color Additives in Hazardous Consequences of Human Health: An Overview
Authors: Sultana Sharifa , Rahman Md. Mominur , Aovi Farjana Islam , Jahan Farhana Israt , Hossain Md. Sakhawat , Brishti Shadia Afrin , Yamin Md. , Ahmed Muniruddin , Rauf Abdur , Sharma Rohit
Published: January 2023

Food color additives are used to make food more appetizing. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted nine artificial colorings in foods, drugs, and cosmetics, whereas the European Union (EU) approved five artificial colors (E-104, 122, 124, 131, and 142) for food. However, these synthetic coloring materials raise various health hazards. The present re-view aimed to summarize the toxic effects of these coloring food additives on the brain, liver, kid-ney, lungs, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland. In this respect, we aimed to highlight the scientific evidence and the crucial need to assess potential health hazards of all colors used in food on human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Blue 1 causes kidney tumor in mice, and there is evidence of death due to ingestion through a feeding tube. Blue 2 and Citrus Red 2 cause brain and urinary bladder tumors, respectively, whereas other coloring additives may cause different types of cancers and numerous adverse health effects. In light of this, this review focuses on the different possible adverse health effects caused by these food coloring additives, and possible ways to mitigate or avoid the damage they may cause. We hope that the data collected from in vitro or in vivo studies and from clinical investigations related to the possible health hazards of food color additives will be helpful to both researchers and the food industry in the future.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel 4-(halophenyl)naphthopyran Moieties
Authors: Abd El-Wahab Ashraf Hassan Fekry
Published: January 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal Current Organic Synthesis.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.
The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultane-ously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Recent Patents on the Industrial Application of Biosurfactants
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Silva Felipe Ferreira , Tarabal Vinícius Souza , Livio Diego Fernandes , Meira Hiure Gomes Ramos , Gonçalves Pablo Felipe Rodrigues , Parreira Adriano Guimarães , da Silva José Antonio , Gonçalves Daniel Bonoto , Granjeiro Paulo Afonso
Published: January 2023

Background:

Biosurfactants are natural bioactive compounds produced from
fungi, bacteria and plants. These molecules have several properties that enable them to be
involved in various industrial applications. The surface-active properties of biosurfactants
allow their use in various sectors, such as agriculture, health, cosmetics, bioremediation/
petroleum, mining, and bioprocess.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to analyze the patents deposited in intellectual
property databases for applications of biosurfactants in the areas of agriculture, health,
cosmetics, bioremediation/petroleum, mining, and bioprocesses, with the research period
consisting of the last six years.

Methods:

This study targeted the use of biosurfactants in various industrial sectors. The
patent search was carried out using the Google Patents platform, a platform that is commonly
used for this purpose and freely accessible.

Results:

During the search for patents related to applications of biosurfactants in industry
filed in the last 6 years, results were found to be distributed in the following areas: agriculture
(70), cosmetics (2311), bioremediation/petroleum (179), health (1794), mining (5),
and bioprocess (133). Six patents were selected from each area, except for health and mining,
for which the search resulted in only 5 and 4 patents, respectively, to be discussed and
provide information on the biotechnological applications of biosurfactants in the industry.

Conclusion:

The present study showed a wide area of application of biosurfactants in industry.
The interest in the inclusion of biosurfactants in the industry is directly related to
the need for more sustainable solutions to solve real market problems. The cosmetics sector
presented the most patents that employ the use of biosurfactants.
Retinue Behaviour of Worker Honey Bees
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Different queen pheromones attract colonial workers who respond by forming a surrounding group around the stationary queen. This specific behaviour is considered retinue behaviour. Workers lick, groom, and antennate the queen to get pheromones which influence workers' behaviour, physiology, development, hormones, reproduction, etc. Various pheromonal glands like the Mandibular gland components, the Tergal gland, Dufour's gland, etc., influence the retinue. Primary pheromones which influence the retinue process include (E)-9-oxo-2-decanoic acid(9-ODA), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(HOB), (R)-and (S)-(E)-9-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid(9-HDA), 4- hydroxy3-methoxyphenylethanol (HVA), 10-hydroxy-decanoic acid (10-HDAA) and10-hydroxy-2 (E)-decanoic acid (10-HDA), methyl oleate, coniferyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, and linolenic acid. Furthermore, queen ester includes palmitates, oleates, ethyl stearate, ethyl, and methyl palmitoleate. Additionally, specific volatiles influence swarming, drone attraction, and general organization of the colony. This chapter comprehensively describes the retinue behaviour of workers, responsible elements, and the significance of retinue.
Genetic Influence on Ovarian Development Plasticity In Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Variant genomic expression and proteomics ultimately induce plasticity in honey bees' ovarian development. The expression of the same genomic content in female castes is influenced by; the compositional difference between royal jelly and workers jelly, queen pheromones, hormones associated with metamorphosis and environmental cues. Various concerned genetic elements with diversified transcriptomics include Kr-h1,hsp, Cut-like protein gene, Ftz-F1, anti-apoptotic buffy, Incov, oat, Apaf-1, ark, Incov2, MAPK, FoxO, mTOR, Hedgehog, TGF-β, Wnt, Hippo, Toll, Imd, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, etc. The specific genetic elements are responsible for the structural and functional activation of the queen ovary. In workers, the same genetic factors act as the primary criterion for induction Programme Cell Death (PCD). This chapter attributes to enlisting concerned genetic elements which serve as an inducer for divergent ovarian development. The next chapter describes the details of PCD in workers' ovaries. 
Requeen Process and Importance
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

Polyandrous queen honey bee plays a crucial role in regulating colony
strength, sex ratio, colony productivity, social communication, pheromonal regulation
of colonial events and developmental controls. On the other hand, a honey bee colony
without a queen fails to perpetuate. Therefore for profitable beekeeping, apiarists try to
inoculate a colony with a queen with considerable fertility and strong pheromonal
profiling. The present chapter highlights the importance of requeening and its method . 
Payalchi´o´ob : las oraciones en maya yucateco para curar enfermedades
Authors: Ramos Valencia Jimmy Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las oraciones en maya yucateco (payalchi´o´ob) en los ritos de curación y sus componentes, los cuales son de vital importancia en los pueblos indígenas del México actual; además, este análisis sirve para tener un acercamiento con la cosmovisión indígena del México contemporáneo. Este texto parte de la propuesta de Marcel Mauss acerca de que la oración debe ser considerada como una institución, siendo el principal fenómeno de la vida religiosa, y que la historia de las religiones debe ser entendida con base en los cambios que presente la oración. De tal forma, el análisis de las características de sentido que adquiere una oración tradicional en maya yucateco en un rito de curación sirve para identificar la importancia de esta expresión ritual para curar una enfermedad en el mundo maya. A pesar de la importancia que este componente del rito tiene en el contexto maya yucateco contemporáneo, es una esfera poco estudiada por la antropología en general. Por tal motivo, esta es la esfera donde radica la relevancia antropológica de este trabajo.
Ethical Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Japanese Perspective
Authors: Kodama Satoshi
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on how Japan experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. It delineates the various challenges the country faced and the measures the national government took to stop the spread of the infection. The article begins with the author’s personal experience of COVID-19. The second section explains how the Japanese government lacked the legal sanctions to enforce a state of emergency. The third section deals with the current pandemic response as characterized by the increased use of digital technologies to control the spread of the virus. I argue that the lack of effective governance hampered Japan’s timely use of digital technologies. The fourth section will touch on the issues created by the rapid spread of the infection and an increase in the hospitalization rate, focusing on intensive care unit triage and the ethical debates that ensued in Japan. The fifth section discusses the pandemic from the perspective of disaster preparedness and management, exploring the ways the pandemic responses share ethical challenges with responses to other disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons.
Clinical Effectiveness, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability in Mobile Health Applications for Epilepsy: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Gotlieb Evelyn , Sweetnam Chloe , Harmon Michael , Kwon Churl-Su , Soudant Céline , Downes Margaret , Busis Neil , Kummer Benjamin , Jette Nathalie
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Mobile applications, or “apps”, are widely used by people with epilepsy, their caregivers, and providers. The impact of these apps on the clinical effectiveness (CE) and feasibility, acceptability, or usability (FAU) in epilepsy remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the CE and FAU of mobile applications in epilepsy.

METHODS

This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and was registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42019134848). The search was conducted using MEDLINE ALL (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) from database inception to April 2022. At the screening phase, we excluded conference abstracts, non-English language and review articles, as well as articles studying video telehealth. We determined study quality for case-control or cohort studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) and bias in randomized studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook Risk of Bias (RoB) tool. We assessed usability study quality using the validated 15-point Silva scale. Study characteristics were analyzed using summary statistics.

RESULTS

We identified 6,768 studies, of which 13 (0.2%) were included. Of the 13 studies, 8 (61.5%) addressed CE, 6 (46.2%) acceptability, 5 (38.5%) usability, and 4 (30.8%) feasibility. Four studies (31.0%) evaluated both CE and FAU. Studies comprised prospective cohort (N=6, 46.2%), pilot (N=3, 23.1%), randomized trial (N=3, 23.1%) and pre/post (N=1, 7.7%) designs. Overall, cohort studies demonstrated fair quality (median NOQAS score 5, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0 - 5.8), whereas 2 (66.7%) randomized studies had some concern for bias. Usability studies demonstrated high methodological quality (median Silva score 10, IQR 10 - 11). Apps were most frequently studied in patient users (N=7 (87.5%) CE and 8 (100%) FAU studies). The most common app target in CE studies was physical health (N=5, 62.5%) contrasting with symptom management (N=7, 87.5%) in FAU studies.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that studies of app use in epilepsy most commonly studied CE and evaluated patient-facing apps. Despite high methodological quality in usability studies and several randomized CE studies, cohort and randomized studies demonstrated fair quality and moderate bias, respectively. Additional high-quality evidence is necessary to evaluate the CE and FAU of app use in epilepsy.
Differences of elementary school students' learning presence and learning flow according to clusters of digital literacy
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Hyojin , Park Sung Hee
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine natural groupings of digital literacy, and to verify whether there is any difference in learning presence and learning flow according to the types of digital literacy clusters.
Methods For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 492 elementary school students in the metropolitan area. Cluster analysis using the sub-scales of digital literacy was conducted. Then, the differences in learning presence and learning flow among the digital literacy clusters were analyzed using MANOVA.
Results As for the clusters according to digital literacy, four clusters were found: ‘high digital literacy group’, ‘mid-high digital literacy group’, ‘mid-low digital literacy group’, and ‘low digital literacy group.’ As a result of MANOVA, ‘high digital literacy group’ showed significantly higher scores on learning presence and learning flow than other groups, and ‘low digital literacy group’ showed significantly lower scores.
Conclusions The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to provide elementary school students with appropriate programs and/or guidelines to enhance their digital literacy.
Exploring the competencies of Korean language career teachers: Focusingon on the ‘Project to support the overseas practicum of Korean language pre-service teachers’
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Chunju , Jo Hyeonah , Song Jihoon
Published: January 2023

Objectives This study aims to find out the common competencies required for Korean language career teachers who participated in the ‘Project to support the overseas practicum of Korean language pre-service teachers’ and to secure the validity of the competency group, name and definition.
Methods We derived 21 competencies required for experienced teachers through in-depth interviews with four Korean language career teachers, content analysis, and literature review. In addition, the Delphi survey was conducted twice for 11 Korean language career teachers who participated in the ‘pre-service teacher practicum project’ to secure validity for competency groups, names, and definitions. Finally, we reflected experts’ advice to confirm the competencies of Korean language career teachers.
Results Five competency groups and 19 competencies required for Korean language career teachers were derived. Among them, common competencies are three groups of ‘class preparation and management, teacher leadership, and self-development’, and 13 competencies specialized. Then, two groups specialized for the practicum project, ‘teacher training support, and project operation’ are related and six competencies were included.
Conclusions It is meaningful that it was possible to contain rich and practical opinions of experienced teachers while collecting data in various ways and using a mixed analysis method to determine the competency of career teachers. The confirmed competencies can be used as primary factors for career teachers’ competency models and systematic capacity-building program development.
Nível de entendimento dos brasileiros sobre as medidas de biossegurança no combate à COVID-19
Authors: Pessoa Isabela Maria Braga Slcauser , Silva Dayane Jhenifer Ribeiro , Campos Kerolynne Soares , Ferreira Grasiele Cristine
Published: January 2023

A utilização correta dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) é essencial, visto que o mundo enfrenta a pandemia originada pela covid-19, doença transmitida por via respiratória mediante gotículas e/ou aerossóis, os quais podem depositar-se em objetos e superfícies durante a fala, tosse ou espirro. Assim, como forma de controle da disseminação, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) preconizou várias medidas de biossegurança para evitar o contágio, como o distanciamento social e o uso de máscaras. Este é um estudo observacional, do tipo transversal descritivo, com brasileiros alfabetizados que responderam ao questionário eletrônico elaborado pelas autoras. Os formulários foram encaminhados aos participantes no período de junho a setembro de 2020 via plataformas digitais. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e, posteriormente, foi realizada análise descritiva por meio de frequências relativas e absolutas. Participaram do estudo 214 cidadãos, 76% do sexo feminino e 24% masculino, com faixa etária predominante entre 18 e 59 anos. A maioria dos participantes compreendia a forma de disseminação da covid-19 e adotava medidas preventivas, como o uso da máscara em locais públicos. Apesar disso, após a pandemia, aproximadamente metade da amostra alega que não usará a máscara de tecido ao sair se estiver com infecção respiratória. Os principais aprendizados com a pandemia foram a lavagem das mãos com água e sabão e higienização com álcool. Por fim, sabe-se que a diminuição da propagação da doença ocorre quando todas as estratégias de biossegurança são empregadas de forma conjunta.
ENERGY SAVING AS AN INDICATOR OF ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTION
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov, KUDAEV ZALIMKHAN , KUMAKHOV ASLAN , KIL'CHUKOVA OLESYA , KUSHAEVA ELENA
Published: January 2023

The increase in utility prices in Russia occurs every year. In modern society, as well as in the production sector, saving are the main indicator of successful development. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing an automated system for the technical accounting of energy resources, which is designed to help the enterprise redistribute the load from the main time, when the price is high, to the night, when the price is lower. (Materials and methods) Manufacturing enterprises are trying to reduce their energy costs, monitor all saving innovations and use them in their activities. (Results and discussion) The companies try to use: strict requirements for control over the lighting in the entire building, automatic shutdown devices, constantly updates the equipment. Enterprises mainly use the same technologies to save electricity. Some enterprises use direct savings of electric energy, which leads to a reduction in costs due to equipment; installation of such equipment can only be carried out with available energy consumption data. In order to get these data, a special automated information and measurement system is used. (Conclusions) The choice of each electric motor should be individual, only if the specified parameters are met and the goals for saving electricity are realized, an entrepreneur can count on leading positions in a competitive market. The automated information and measurement system opens up a number of advantages for saving electrical energy.
CALCULATION OF HEAT EXCHANGER PARAMETERS FOR HEAT RECOVERY DURING THE SOYBEAN HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT
Authors:   All Russian Research Institute for Use of Machinery and Petroleum Products in Agriculture, SHUVALOV ANATOLIY , MASHKOV ALEKSEY , TIKHOMIROV DMITRIY ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin
Published: January 2023

N the conditions of constant growth of prices for energy and competition in the domestic market, rural producers have a problem of reducing energy costs, since they make up a significant share in the cost of agricultural products. Energy costs are especially high during hydrothermal processing of agricultural products. It is possible to reduce energy costs for thermal purposes by secondary heat extraction and its application in a specific technological process. (Research purpose) The research purpose is constructing a method for calculating the heat exchange surface of a secondary heat extraction device located in a thermally insulated hopper - temperator. (Materials and methods) Methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge were used for the calculation of a heat exchanger installed in a device for tempering soybeans. The main provisions of the theory of heat transfer were used to calculate the heat exchanger. (Results and discussion) The article presents the design of a secondary heat extraction device located in the lower part of a heat-insulated hopper - temperator. The selected secondary heat can be used to water heating, which is required to moisten soybeans before starting its heat treatment. It is possible to reduce the humidification time of soy by 3-5 times with the use of water heated to 60-80 degrees Celsius. A method for calculating the parameters of a heat exchanger providing secondary use of heat from heat-treated soybeans was presented and tested for a specific case. (Conclusions) The design of a secondary heat extraction device in the process of soybean tempering, located in the lower part of a thermally insulated temperator hopper, was substantiated and implemented. A method for calculating the heat exchanger was described and tested. The secondary use of heat in the soybeans tempering for heating water to moisten soybeans reduces the time of humidification of the product and reduces the cost of thermal energy.
METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS IN THE DEFECT DETECTION IN DIESEL FUEL EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Bryansk State Agrarian University, KIRDISHCHEV DMITRIY
Published: January 2023

The checking of a fuel equipment of a diesel engine takes a lot of time. Most of methods involve partial disassembly of the engine, which increases the cost of work. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic methods is an urgent task. TAP the possibility of using vibroacoustic characteristics for diagnosing injectors and fuel pump during diesel based on a large experimental material. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying defects in fuel equipment using the method of sequential analysis of vibroacoustic characteristics. (Materials and methods) The vibroacoustic diagnostic method is based on recording the parameters of elastic vibrations that occur in mechanisms when parts collide during operation. More than 10 diesel engines with different service life were examined to obtain experimental material: new tractors, tractors with an operating time of 300 hours and tractors with an operating time of more than 8000 hours without major repairs. (Results and discussion) In order to determine the probability of diagnoses by the method of sequential analysis, a diagnostic matrix of fuel equipment formed on the basis of experimental material. As a result of calculations based on the diagnostic matrix of fuel equipment, the following results were obtained: low amplitude at a frequency of 73 hertz indicates the diagnosis D2 - coking of nozzle holes; low amplitude at a frequency of 137 hertz is a sign of a diagnosis D1 - decrease in spring elasticity. (Conclusions) The use of a vibroacoustic computer measuring complex allows to obtain vibration spectra in the range from 5 to 5000 hertz of fuel equipment under various operating modes during the operation of a diesel engine; the sign of low amplitude at a frequency of 137 hertz (the main sign of a malfunction of a high-pressure fuel pump) affects the reduction of spring elasticity. The method of sequential analysis makes it possible to increase the reliability in diagnosing and predicting the technical condition on statistical material of fuel equipment defects.
ADVANCED METHOD OF CALCULATING SOUND PRESSURE IN CONDUCTORS WHEN THEY ARE IDENTIFIED BY ACOUSTIC METHOD
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, BUKREEV ALEKSEY , VINOGRADOV ALEKSANDR
Published: January 2023

Despite the fact that the operation of identifying conductors seems to be an easy and deeply studied topic, it can be time-consuming due to the large number of unidentified conductors (cables). A method based on the use of an acoustic signal as a carrier is proposed, which makes it easier and faster to identify conductors. Previously, a method for calculating the sound pressure in conductors during their identification was developed, but it has a number of inaccuracies. Therefore, an improved method for calculating sound pressure in conductors is proposed. According to the above method, the sound pressure level was calculated depending on the specific length of the conductor, the cross section of the conductor and the type of insulation. The calculations carried out revealed the possibility of identifying conductors by the acoustic method. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an improved methodology for calculating the parameters of acoustic signal propagation in electrical conductors and their insulation when identifying wires and cables by acoustic method. (Materials and methods) Analyzed literature sources and existing methods of identification of conductors. Revealed the essence of the acoustic method of wire identification. (Results and discussion) A mathematical model of sound propagation in conductors and insulation was described. Calculations were performed to determine the sound pressure level depending on the specific length of the conductor, the cross-section of the conductor and the type of insulation. (Conclusions) The shortcomings of existing methods and means for identifying conductors have been identified. A multifactorial experiment was conducted in which the controlled and controlled factors were: the cross section of the conductor, the distance of the identification point from the sound source, the frequency of the acoustic signal. The regression equation was obtained; the response surfaces of the sound pressure level in the conductors at an acoustic signal frequency of 80 Hz.
A Psycholinguistic Study of Codeswitching: Data from Burundian Multilingual Adult Speakers
Authors:   Makerere University, Uganda, Nsengiyumva Dominique Savio
Published: January 2023

Codeswitching (CS) is an unavoidable linguistic phenomenon amongst multilingual speakers. Whereas CS has mainly been studied in a sociolinguistic and structural perspective, this article has studied this phenomenon in a psycholinguistic perspective based on the tenets of Competition Model (MacWhinney, B., 1982, 1987). The aim of the study was to analyse how patterns of codeswitching can illustrate the level of language competence among adult speakers. Participants were Burundian educated adult multilingual speakers using both Kirundi (L1), French (chronological L2) and English as languages learned in the multilingual education system of Burundi. Some of the speakers could use Swahili, a language learned outside the formal education (Swahili was not in formal education during the schooling time of the participants in this study). Data was collected through a semi structured interview which was recorded (45minutes for each interview) and later transcribed for analysis. This study was designed as a unilingual mode of language production. The results show that less competent speakers either produced a great amount of ‘intruders’ into the language being used (English) and the lowest level of competence was marked by a shift of mode i.e. a complete change of code being used. None of the participants has been able to keep the unilingual/monolingual mode that they were required to operate in. What has been termed as ‘fluent’ codeswitching in natural language production designs is seen as a sign of incapability to keep the mode, therefore a sign of only middle level of language competence as far as the use of the known languages is concerned. Generally, in this study, we argue that codeswitching patterns among more competent speakers are built on single words or short phrases from a different language, middle language competence codeswitches were based on a navigation into different languages whereas lower competence was based on a complete shift of language (code) whereby the speakers changed the language they were supposed to use to a different language.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Kaspersen Lars Bo , Bok Anders , Tønder Lars
Published: January 2023

Anmeldelser af følgende:
 
Gorm Harste: Kritik af krigens fornuft. Anmeldt af Lars Bo Kaspersen.
Julian Go: Postcolonial Thought and Social Theory. Anmeldt af Anders Blok.
Lars Tønder: Om magt i den antropocæne tidsalder. Anmeldt af Anders Blok.
Anders Blok og Rasmus Willig: Den bæredygtige stat. Anmeldt af Lars Tønder.
Human capital, migration and regional inequality: how the location of educational institutions influences our society
Authors: Sørensen Elise Stenholt
Published: January 2023

Denne ph.d.-afhandling handler om, hvilken betydning den geografiske placering af uddannelsesinstitutioner har for unges uddannelsesvalg og deres bosætningsmønstre. Spørgsmålet er centralt, fordi befolkningens uddannelsesniveau, den såkaldte humane kapital, er helt afgørende for både den nationale og den regionale udvikling i dag. I forskningslitteraturen har der i de seneste år været en stor interesse for at undersøge sammenhængen mellem høj uddannelse i befolkning og regional udvikling. En række centrale studier har vist, at der både er positive individuelle og samfundsmæssige effekter forbundet med et højt uddannelsesniveau i befolkningen. En stor andel af personer med høj uddannelse i en by eller i en virksomhed har fx den positive effekt, at de også gør de andre personer i virksomheden mere produktive og innovative via vidensdeling osv. Desuden er høj uddannelse ofte forbundet med lavere kriminalitet, højere sundhed, højere politisk engagement osv. på et samfundsmæssigt plan. Der er derfor mange gode grunde til, at regioner i stigende grad ønsker at øge befolkningens uddannelsesniveau eller tiltrække højtuddannede fra andre regioner.
Pædagogik som fabrik
Authors: Andersen Magnus
Published: January 2023

Denne artikel konceptualiserer det kulturanalytiske greb pædagogik som fabrik til at indkapsle den historiske rationalisering og standardisering af viden indenfor børnepasning i Danmark som et paradigmatisk eksempel på, hvordan den kognitive kapitalisme koloniserer velfærdsstatens institutioner. Artiklen diskuterer, hvordan en igangværende reorganisering af velfærdsstatens institutioner må ses i sammenhæng med en politisk økonomisk udvikling, hvor forsøget på at indfange de produktive potentialer ved ’levende viden’ har fået en central betydning for kapitalismens akkumuleringsregime. Som eksempel undersøger artiklen de sidste fire årtiers institutionalisering af børnepasning, professionalisering af det pædagogiske arbejde og standardisering af den pædagogiske viden. Analysen demonstrerer, hvordan velfærdsinstitutioner såsom børnepasning transformeres til et instrument til udvinding af værdi for den kognitive kapitalisme. Pædagogik bliver med andre ord transformeret til en fabrik.