bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Questions and Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does the Scientific Evidence Really Show?
Authors: Antonio Jose , Antonio Brandi , Arent Shawn M. , Candow Darren G. , Escalante Guillermo , Evans Cassandra , Forbes Scott , Fukuda David , Gibbons Maureen , Harty Patrick , Jagim Andrew R. , Kalman Douglas S. , Kerksick Chad M. , Kurtz Jennifer A. , Lillis Joseph , Lowery Lonnie , Mastrofini Gianna F. , Mills Scotty , Nelson Michael , Pereira Flavia , Roberts Justin , Sagner Michael , Stout Jeffrey , Tartar Jaime , Wells Adam
Published: January 2025

Energy drinks are a commonly consumed beverage, and studies suggest a possible performance-enhancing effect. A Google Scholar search using the keywords “energy drinks” and “exercise” yields numerous results, underscoring the voluminous research on this topic. However, there are questions regarding the effectiveness and safety of energy drinks. These questions include, but are not limited to: (1) What are the main active ingredients in energy drinks? (2) Do energy drinks assist in weight management? (3) Do energy drinks enhance aerobic performance? (4) Do energy drinks enhance athletic speed? (5) Do energy drinks improve reaction time? (6) Do energy drinks enhance lean tissue mass? (7) Can energy drinks improve cognitive performance? (8) Does the acute consumption of energy drinks elevate resting energy expenditure? (9) Is there any evidence to suggest that energy drinks are more effective than an identical serving of caffeine alone? (10) Are there sex differences in the response to energy drink consumption? (11) Do energy drinks affect sleep or sleepiness? (12) Should pregnant women avoid energy drinks? (13) Do energy drinks adversely affect cardiovascular function? (14) Does consuming energy drinks cause brain damage? (15) What are other safety considerations regarding energy drinks? (16) Is there any evidence to suggest that energy drinks are more effective than an identical serving of caffeine alone? (17) If caffeine is the main active ingredient in energy drinks and coffee, why is there a discrepancy in the adverse events reported for each? To address these questions, we performed an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature on energy drink supplementation.
Metabolic Adaptation and Its Determinants in Adolescents Two Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Singhal Vibha , Pedreira Clarissa C. , Tuli Shubhangi , Abou Haidar Lea , Lopez Ana Lopez , Lauze Meghan , Lee Hang , Bredella Miriam A. , Misra Madhusmita
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: Weight loss is associated with reductions in resting energy expenditure (REE), which are impacted by changes in body composition following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Current data regarding changes in measured REE (mREE) and metabolic adaptation in adolescents after SG are limited. We evaluated changes in mREE, metabolic adaptation, and body composition in youths after SG vs. non-surgical (NS) controls over two years. Methods: Youths 14–22 years old undergoing SG (n = 24) and NS controls with severe obesity (n = 28) were recruited. mREE was determined using indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE (pREE) was calculated using regression equation derived from baseline data of our cohort and used to calculate pREE at follow up. Metabolic adaptation was calculated as mREE − pREE. We normalized REE to fat-free mass (FFM) and total body weight (TBW). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Measurements were performed at baseline and two-years. Results: Baseline age, sex, and BMI were similar between groups. Greater decreases in BMI in SG vs. NS (−12.4 (−14.4, −9.8) vs. 2.2 (0.3, 3.5) kg/m2, p < 0.0001) and within-group decreases in mREE (401.0 ± 69.5 kcal/d; p < 0.0001) in SG were seen. mREE/FFM decreased within the SG group (p = 0.006), the two-year change in mREE/FFM and mREE/TBW did not differ between groups (p = 0.14 and 0.24). There was no metabolic adaptation within SG. Conclusions: Despite significant decreases in BMI after SG in youths, no metabolic adaptation was present at two years. This implies that by two years, metabolism has reached a steady state and weight changes after this should be addressed in an unbiased way.
Folic Acid and Methyltetrahydrofolate Supplementation in the Mthfr677C>T Mouse Model with Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Christensen Karen E. , Faquette Marie-Lou , Leclerc Daniel , Keser Vafa , Luan Yan , Bennett-Firmin Jeanna L. , Malysheva Olga V. , Reagan Alaina M. , Howell Gareth R. , Caudill Marie A. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Rozen Rima
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The MTHFR677C>T gene variant results in a thermolabile MTHFR enzyme associated with elevated plasma homocysteine in TT individuals. Health risks associated with the TT genotype may be modified by dietary and supplemental folate intake. Supplementation with methyltetrahydrofolate (methylTHF) may be preferable to folic acid because it is the MTHFR product, and does not require reduction by DHFR to enter one-carbon folate metabolism. In the Mthfr677C>T mouse model for this variant, female 677TT (TT) mice have an increased incidence of hepatic steatosis. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of methylTHF and folic acid supplementation on hepatic steatosis and one-carbon metabolism in this model. Methods: Male and female C57BL/6J 677CC (CC) and TT mice were fed control (CD), 5xmethylTHF-supplemented (MFSD), or 5xfolic-acid-supplemented (FASD) diets for 4 months. Liver sections were assessed for steatosis by Oil Red O staining. One-carbon metabolites were measured in the liver and plasma. MTHFR protein expression was evaluated in the liver. Results: MFSD had no significant effect on plasma homocysteine, liver SAM/SAH ratios, or hepatic steatosis in males or females as compared to CD. MTHFR protein increased in MFSD TT female liver, but remained <50% of the CC. FASD had no effect on plasma homocysteine but it decreased the liver MTHFR protein and SAM/SAH ratios, and increased hepatic steatosis in CC females. Conclusions: MethylTHF and folic acid supplementation had limited benefits for TT mice, while folic acid supplementation had negative effects on CC females. Further investigation is required to determine if these effects are relevant in humans.
Experiencing Food Restrictions for Health and Weight Control in Childhood and Their Links to Restrained Eating and Excessive Body Weight in Polish Young Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Małachowska Aleksandra , Sajdakowska Marta , Żybula Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

Objectives: A better understanding of the conditions leading to overweight and obesity is fundamental due to the ever-increasing phenomenon of excess body weight. This study aimed to determine how the occurrence of restrained eating in young adulthood, food-restricted types, and food experiences related to food restrictions originating in childhood correlate with excessive body weight among young adults. Methods: The data were collected in Poland in 2020–2021 using a Computer-Assisted Web Interview technique as a cross-sectional study among 358 young adults. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: Restrictions associated with limiting intake of sugar-rich foods were more characteristic of those with normal body weight (52.7%) than those with excessive body weight (39.2%). Weak positive correlations were found between childhood experiences of weight control restrictions and restrained eating (0.222), using food restrictions (0.143), the number of restrictions (0.152), using restrictions on sugar (0.149), and food rich in fat (0.105) in early adulthood. Childhood food experiences related to weight control restrictions favored having excessive body weight in young adults by 53% after adjusting for sex and age. Conclusions: The results showed that it is advisable to develop interventions to increase parents’ awareness of the possible long-term consequences of practices related to controlling children’s eating behavior.
Debriefing Methodologies in Nursing Simulation: An Exploratory Study of the Italian Settings
Authors: Lomuscio Sonia , Capogna Emanuele , Sironi Stefano , Sguanci Marco , Morales Palomares Sara , Cangelosi Giovanni , Ferrara Gaetano , Mancin Stefano , Amodeo Antonio , Destrebecq Anne , Parozzi Mauro , Dal Bello Susy
Published: January 2025

Background: As part of simulation-based learning, it is well known that debriefing plays a crucial role; ineffective debriefing can lead to a reiteration of errors in decision-making and a poor understanding of one’s limitations, compromising the learner’s psychological safety and making future simulated learning experiences less effective. In Italy, although simulation has been used in nursing education for more than 20 years, there is a general lack of data regarding the elements of debriefing. Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional, multicenter nationwide study was conducted to identify current debriefing practices in Italian simulation-based nursing education. A non-probability sample of all directors of the Italian Bachelor school of Nursing and the directors of simulation centers on Italian national territory was surveyed with an online questionnaire. Results: Fifty-four nursing degree programs and 11 simulation centers participated in the survey. Significant differences were found between debriefing practices used by simulation centers and those used by the Bachelor School of Nursing. Specifically, differences concerned the training of debriefers, the knowledge of a debriefing framework, the use of different rooms for debriefing and the time spent on this activity. Conclusions: There is an emerging need for a harmonization process in Italian nursing education debriefing practices that would align the current reality with the best practices of the literature.
Chemical Characterization and Differential Lipid-Modulating Effects of Selected Plant Extracts from Côa Valley (Portugal) in a Cell Model for Liver Steatosis
Authors: Amorim Ricardo , Marques Mário Pedro , Melim Catarina , Varela Carla , Sardão Vilma A. , Teixeira José , Dias Maria Inês , Barros Lillian , Oliveira Paulo J. , Cabral Célia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Côa Valley, located in the northeast of Portugal, harbors more than 500 medicinal plant species. Among them, four species stand out due to their traditional uses: Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (hemorrhages, urethritis, hepatitis), Rumex scutatus L. subsp. induratus (Boiss. and Reut.) Malag. (inflammation, constipation), Geranium purpureum Vill., and Geranium lucidum L. (pain relief, gastric issues). Given their rich ethnomedicinal history, we evaluated their protective effects on an in vitro model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods: Decoction (D) and hydroalcoholic (EtOH80%) extracts were prepared and chemically characterized. Their safety profile and effects on lipid accumulation were assessed in palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cells using resazurin, sulforhodamine B, and Nile Red assays. Results: Chemical analysis revealed diverse phenolic compounds, particularly kaempferol derivatives in E. ramosissimum. All extracts showed minimal cytotoxicity at 25–50 µg/mL. At 100 µg/mL, only E. ramosissimum extracts maintained high cell viability. In the lipotoxicity model, E. ramosissimum decoction demonstrated the most potent effect, significantly reducing PA-induced neutral lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, while other extracts showed varying degrees of activity. Conclusions: These findings highlight E. ramosissimum’s decoction, rich in kaempferol derivatives, as particularly effective in reducing lipid accumulation in this MASLD cell model while also providing a comprehensive characterization of traditionally used plants from the Côa Valley region.
Innovative Lipid Nanoparticles Co-Delivering Hydroxychloroquine and siRNA for Enhanced Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Feng Yanru , Pan Xintong , Li Ziqian , Li Yue , Sun Ya’nan , Yang Shaokun , He Chaoxing , Dang Yunjie , Huang Lu , Xiang Bai
Published: January 2025

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint damage. Despite advancements in treatment, complete remission remains elusive. Methods: In this study, we introduce a novel lipid nanoparticle formulation co-delivering hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and siRNA targeting TNF-α (siTNF-α) using microfluidic technology, marking the first use of such a combination for RA therapy. Results: In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the nanoparticles effectively reduced inflammatory markers. When administered via an intra-articular injection in a rat model, they significantly decreased joint inflammation and demonstrated good biological safety. Conclusions: This pioneering approach highlights the potential of lipid nanoparticles as a dual-delivery platform for enhanced RA treatment through targeted intra-articular administration.
Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Tube Formation by Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Anti-Angiopoietin-2 RNA Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Shi Zhanquan , Liu Chia-Yang , Binzel Daniel W. , Jin Kai , Li Xin , Guo Peixuan , Li S. Kevin
Published: January 2025

RNA nanoparticles, derived from the packaging RNA three-way junction motif (pRNA-3WJ) of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor, have been demonstrated to be thermodynamically and chemically stable, with promise as a nanodelivery system. Background/Objectives: A previous study showed that RNA nanoparticles with antiangiogenic aptamers (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) aptamers) inhibited cell proliferation via WST-1 assay. To further investigate the antiangiogenic potential of these RNA nanoparticles, a modified three-dimensional (3D) spheroid sprouting assay model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was utilized in the present study. Methods: Three groups of RNA nanoparticles were evaluated, namely, pRNA-3WJ series, RNA square series (polygon-type RNA nanoparticles), and 8WJ series (multiple-way junction RNA nanoparticles), which were conjugated with a single anti-VEGF, the combination of one anti-VEGF and one anti-Ang2, or multiple anti-VEGF aptamers. The core scaffold RNA nanoparticles (without aptamers) were used as the references, and bevacizumab was used as the positive control. Results: The results demonstrated the inhibition effects of the RNA nanoparticles on endothelial cell tube formation at 67 nM in a 3D spheroid sprouting model. The results in the 3D spheroid sprouting assay are consistent with those of the WST-1 proliferation assays. Conclusions: Among the RNA nanoparticles evaluated, 3WJ-3VEGF and SQR-VEGF-Ang2 had inhibition effects equivalent to bevacizumab and were promising for anti-angiogenesis treatment.
Predicting the Global Distribution of Nitraria L. Under Climate Change Based on Optimized MaxEnt Modeling
Authors: Lu Ke , Liu Mili , Feng Qi , Liu Wei , Zhu Meng , Duan Yizhong
Published: January 2025

The genus of Nitraria L. are Tertiary-relict desert sand-fixing plants, which are an important forage and agricultural product, as well as an important source of medicinal and woody vegetable oil. In order to provide a theoretical basis for better protection and utilization of species in the Nitraria L., this study collected global distribution information within the Nitraria L., along with data on 29 environmental and climatic factors. The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to simulate the globally suitable distribution areas for Nitraria L. The results showed that the mean AUC value was 0.897, the TSS average value was 0.913, and the model prediction results were excellent. UV-B seasonality (UVB-2), UV-B of the lowest month (UVB-4), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18), the DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and annual precipitation (bio12) were the key variables affecting the distribution area of Nitraria L, with contributions of 54.4%, 11.1%, 8.3%, 7.4%, and 4.1%, respectively. The Nitraria L. plants are currently found mainly in Central Asia, North Africa, the neighboring Middle East, and parts of southern Australia and Siberia. In future scenarios, except for a small expansion of the 2030s scenario model Nitraria L., the potential suitable distribution areas showed a decreasing trend. The contraction area is mainly concentrated in South Asia, such as Afghanistan and Pakistan, North Africa, Libya, as well as in areas of low suitability in northern Australia, where there was also significant shrinkage. The areas of expansion are mainly concentrated in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to the Iranian plateau, and the Sahara Desert is also partly expanded. With rising Greenhouse gas concentrations, habitat fragmentation is becoming more severe. Center-of-mass migration results also suggest that the potential suitable area of Nitraria L. will shift northwestward in the future. This study can provide a theoretical basis for determining the scope of Nitraria L. habitat protection, population restoration, resource management and industrial development in local areas.
Effect of Flowering Shading on Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Pagnani Giancarlo , Lorenzo Alfredo , Occhipinti Nausicaa , Antonucci Lisa , D’Egidio Sara , Stagnari Fabio , Pisante Michele
Published: January 2025

The phenomenon known as “dimming” or shading, caused by the increase in aerosols, air pollutants, and population density, is reducing global radiation, including both direct solar radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for agricultural production in many regions worldwide, with a global radiation decrease estimated between 1.4% and 2.7% per decade in areas between 25° N and 45° N. In particular, in Mediterranean regions, the production of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. Durum) is increasingly constrained by abiotic factors, such as spring/summer heat stress and drought, as well as reductions in solar radiation. Field experiments were conducted in Mosciano Sant’Angelo, Italy, over two cropping seasons (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) to evaluate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability and nitrogen (N) fertilization on durum wheat. A split-plot design was used with two PAR levels (100% and 20% PAR) and three N rates (0, 100, and 250 kg ha−1). Results highlighted that full sunlight (NoSh) significantly increased grain yield (+25%), thousand kernel weight (+46%), and total gluten fractions (+16%) compared to shaded conditions (Sh). Chlorophyll content and NDVI values were highest under Sh combined with 250 kg N ha−1. Rainfall patterns strongly influenced productivity, with better vegetative growth in 2016–2017 and improved grain filling in 2017–2018. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced grain protein content, particularly under arid conditions. These findings emphasize the interaction between light availability and nitrogen management, suggesting that optimizing these factors can improve yield and quality in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions.
Multilateral Use of Dandelion in Folk Medicine of Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: Gruszecki Robert , Walasek-Janusz Magdalena , Caruso Gianluca , Pokluda Robert , Tallarita Alessio Vincenzo , Golubkina Nadezhda , Sękara Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Background: Dandelion (Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum, also referred to as Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wiggers coll.), a collective species of perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family, is commonly considered weed; however, in the traditional societies of Central-Eastern Europe, it is a source of food and medicinal raw materials. The growing interest in the medicinal properties of herbal raw materials of dandelion encouraged us to focus on their use in the traditional folk medicine of Central-Eastern European communities. Aim: The hypothesis of the present study suggests that Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum (dandelion), which is widespread throughout Central-Eastern Europe and easily identifiable, has had notable applications in ethnopharmacology. The study aims to examine the medicinal properties of this species, focusing on its traditional uses in folk medicine across the region. The resulting data may serve as a valuable resource for contemporary pharmacognosy research. Methods: The analysis was based on publications dated from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 21st century, mainly from Poland. In addition, the study includes publications on contemporary Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia. Results: The research showed that dandelion provided many medicinal raw materials, but the available literature did not mention the use of the herb’s root, a raw material popular in contemporary natural medicine. During the period analysed, an increase in the types of raw materials was observed, and the order in which they appeared in the sources was as follows: latex > root = leaf = inflorescence > herb > herb with flowers. Additionally, a review of the literature indicated that the number of conditions under which they were used increased during the investigation period. The variety of ways to prepare the raw material is noteworthy; fresh and dried raw materials were used to make extracts, tinctures, decoctions, infusions, wrap compresses, syrups, and even wine or coffee substitutes. The mentioned preparations were prepared individually for particular ailments. Conclusions: The vast experience of rural communities in Central-Eastern Europe concerning the medicinal applications of common dandelion has developed through centuries. The experience of rural communities may influence the direction of further phytochemical and pharmacological research.
Synergistic Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Eco-Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Saline Soils in Wheat Cultivation
Authors: Hafez Emad M. , Alharbi Khadiga , Gharib Hany S. , Omara Alaa El-Dein , Elatafi Essam , Hamada Maha M. , Rashwan Emadelden , Alshaal Tarek
Published: January 2025

Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) and salinity poses a significant challenge, affecting crop health and productivity. This study explores the combined application of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and salinity in wheat plants. Field experiments conducted in Cd-contaminated saline soils revealed that the application of SCB (0, 5, and 10 t ha−1) and ZnO NPs (0, 12.5, and 25 mg L−1) significantly improved key soil physicochemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The combined application of SCB and ZnO NPs significantly mitigated the effects of Cd and salinity on soil and wheat plants. SCB (10 t ha−1) reduced soil pH by 6.2% and ESP by 30.8% compared to the control, while increasing microbial biomass by 151.1%. ZnO NPs (25 mg L−1) reduced Cd accumulation in wheat shoots by 43.3% and seeds by 46.3%, while SCB and ZnO NPs combined achieved a reduction of 74.1% and 62.9%, respectively. These amendments enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, with catalase (CAT) increasing by 35.3% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 54.9%. Wheat grain yield increased by 42% with SCB alone and by 75.2% with combined SCB and ZnO NP treatment, underscoring their potential as eco-friendly soil amendments for saline, Cd-contaminated soils. These results underscore the potential of SCB and ZnO NPs as eco-friendly amendments for improving wheat productivity in contaminated soils, offering a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture in salt-affected areas.
Prediction of Potential Habitat Distributions and Climate Change Impacts on the Rare Species Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Magnoliaceae) in China Based on MaxEnt
Authors: Yao Weihao , Wang Zenghui , Fan Yu , Liu Danyang , Ding Zeyang , Zhou Yumei , Hu Shuyue , Zhang Wei , Ou Jing
Published: January 2025

Changes in species’ habitats provide important insights into the effects of climate change. Woonyoungia septentrionalis, a critically endangered species endemic to karst ecosystems, has a highly restricted distribution and is a key biological resource. Despite its ecological importance, the factors influencing its habitat suitability and distribution remain poorly understood. This study employed ecological niche modeling to predict the potential distribution of Woonyoungia septentrionalis across China and analyzed shifts in centroid location to explore migration pathways under current and future climate scenarios. The model exhibited high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.988), indicating its robustness in assessing habitat suitability. Under current climatic conditions, Woonyoungia septentrionalis is predominantly found in the Guizhou–Guangxi border region, southeastern Yunnan, eastern Sichuan, southeastern Tibet, and parts of Chongqing, Hunan, and Hubei. Among these, the Guizhou-Guangxi border represents the primary suitable habitat. Temperature factors, particularly bio6 (minimum temperature of the coldest month) and bio7 (annual temperature range), were the most significant determinants of habitat suitability, contributing 43.29% and 12.65%, respectively. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) accounted for 15.82%, while precipitation had a relatively minor impact. Under future climate scenarios, suitable habitats for Woonyoungia septentrionalis are projected to shrink and shift toward higher altitudes and latitudes, increasing the risk of extinction due to the “mountain trap” effect, where migration is constrained by limited habitat at higher elevations. Stable habitats, particularly in Libo (Guizhou) and Huanjiang (Guangxi), are identified as critical refugia. We recommend prioritizing shrinking and stable habitats in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan for in situ conservation. Ex situ conservation efforts should focus on areas identified based on key environmental factors and predicted migration pathways to ensure the species’ long-term survival. This study provides both theoretical and practical guidance for the conservation of this species and its vulnerable habitat.
A Feasibility Study on Utilizing Remote Sensing Data to Monitor Grape Yield and Berry Composition for Selective Harvesting
Authors: Lee Leeko , Reynolds Andrew , Dorin Briann , Shemrock Adam
Published: January 2025

The primary purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of remote sensing technologies and their potential application in vineyards to monitor yields and fruit composition, which could then be used for selective harvesting and winemaking. For yield and berry composition data collection, representative vines from the vineyard block were selected and geolocated, and the same vines were surveyed for remote sensing data collection by the multispectral and thermal sensors in the RPAS in 2015 and 2016. The spectral reflectance data were further analyzed for vegetation indices to evaluate the correlation between the variables. Moran’s global index and map analysis were used to determine spatial clustering patterns and correlations between variables. The results of this study indicated that remote sensing data in the form of vegetation indices from the RPAS were positively correlated with yield and berry weight across sites and years. There was a positive correlation between the thermal emission and berry pH, berry phenols, and anthocyanins in certain sites and years. Overall, remote sensing technology has the potential to monitor and predict grape quality and yield, but further research on the efficacy of this data is needed for selective harvesting and winemaking.
Multi-Omics Research Reveals the Effects of the ABA-Regulated Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathway on the UV-B Response in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.
Authors: Yu Wang , Zhou Xiangru , Meng Jinhao , Zhou Xiaofu , Xu Hongwei
Published: January 2025

The growing depletion of the ozone layer has led to increased ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, prompting plants like the alpine Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) to adapt to these harsh conditions. This study explored how abscisic acid (ABA) signaling influences R. chrysanthum’s metabolic responses under UV-B stress. R. chrysanthum was treated with UV-B radiation and exogenous ABA for widely targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics assays, and relevant chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also determined. It was observed that UV-B stress negatively impacts the plant’s photosynthetic machinery, disrupting multiple metabolic processes. Multi-omics analysis revealed that ABA application mitigates the detrimental effects of UV-B on photosynthesis and bolsters the plant’s antioxidant defenses. Additionally, both UV-B exposure and ABA treatment significantly influenced the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, activating key enzyme genes, such as 4CL, CCR, and HCT. The study also highlighted the MYB–bHLH–WD40 (MBW) complex’s role in regulating this pathway and its interaction with ABA signaling components. These findings underscore ABA’s crucial function in improving plant resistance to UV-B stress and offer novel insights into plant stress biology.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of rPET/Cu-Alg Nanofibers for Anti-Infective Therapy
Authors: Grămadă (Pintilie) Andreea Mihaela , Niculescu Adelina-Gabriela , Bîrcă Alexandra Cătălina , Holban Alina Maria , Ciceu Alina , Balta Cornel , Herman Hildegard , Hermenean Anca , Stoica Alexandra-Elena , Ardelean Simona , Alberts Adina , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai , Puticiu Monica
Published: January 2025

With the growing interest in nanofibers and the urgent need to address environmental concerns associated with plastic waste, there is an increasing focus on using recycled materials to develop advanced healthcare solutions. This study explores the potential of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanofibers, functionalized with copper-enhanced alginate, for applications in wound dressings. Nanofibers with desirable antimicrobial properties were developed using chemical recycling and electrospinning techniques, offering a sustainable and effective option for managing wound infections and promoting healing. SEM and FT-IR analyses confirmed that the obtained nanofibers possess optimal physicochemical properties, including well-organized morphology, appropriate dimensions, and structural integrity. Biological evaluations revealed significant antimicrobial activity, with the materials effectively inhibiting microbial adherence and biofilm formation while maintaining good biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo studies. These findings highlight the potential of recycled PET-based nanofibers as advanced wound dressing materials to reduce infection risks and support tissue regeneration in clinical applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers with Fluorene-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Units for Application in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Brito Elisa Barbosa de , Santos Daniela Corrêa , Paula Taihana Parente de , Morais Andreia de , Freitas Jilian Nei de , Marques Maria de Fátima Vieira , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: January 2025

Conjugated donor–acceptor (D-A) copolymers are widely used in optoelectronic devices due to their influence on the resulting properties. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of the conjugated D-A copolymer constructed with fluorene and di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units, resulting in Poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4,7-di(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PFDTBT). The synthesis associated with reaction times of 48 and 24 h, the latter incorporating the phase-transfer catalyst Aliquat 336, was investigated. The modified conditions produced copolymers with higher molar masses (Mw > 20,000 g/mol), improved thermal stability and red emission at 649 nm. Furthermore, the resulting D-A copolymers exhibited uniform morphology with low surface roughness (P2—Ra: 0.77 nm). These improved properties highlight the potential of D-A copolymers based on PFDTBT for various optoelectronic applications, including photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, transistors and biological markers in the form of quantum dots.
Shear Capacity of Hollow High-Performance Concrete Beams with Cross-Wound Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement
Authors: Vlach Tomáš , Řepka Jakub , Hájek Jakub , Pošta Jan , Fürst Richard , Hájek Petr
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces cross-wound CFRP shear reinforcement of hollow HPC beams. The CFRP reinforcement was manufactured in the form of a square tubular mesh from carbon rovings oriented at ±45° from the longitudinal axis. The shear reinforcement was made in two variants from carbon yarns with linear densities of 1600 and 3700 tex. Tensile reinforcement made of BFRP bars was positioned directly around the hollow core and was used as a platform for manual winding of the shear reinforcement. The hollow beams were subjected to a three-point bending test with four configurations of the tensile BFRP reinforcement for better evaluation of the effect of the shear reinforcement under different conditions. The 1600 tex shear reinforcement increased the ultimate flexural strength by at least 89% compared to specimens without any shear reinforcement. The 3700 tex shear reinforcement yielded slightly better results in most cases but was not utilized to its full shear capacity as these specimens always failed in shear due to the delamination of the concrete matrix from the shear reinforcement. There was too much reinforcement in the beam cross-section.
Methyl Orange Adsorption Using Chitosan-Based Composite Aerogels Produced by Supercritical Gel Drying
Authors: Zanotti Alessandra , Baldino Lucia , Cardea Stefano , Reverchon Ernesto
Published: January 2025

Dyes abundance in industrial wastewater exerts adverse effects on the environment and human health; adsorption represents a promising remediation strategy. Chitosan-based composites are interesting materials for dye adsorption. In this work, methyl orange (MO) adsorption using chitosan (CH) and chitosan–graphene oxide (CH-GO) aerogels produced by supercritical gel drying, performed at 200 bar/35 °C, was assessed by studying the effect of driving force (25–100 ppm) and adsorbent dosage (1–8 g/L). It was highlighted that the difference in the performance between the two adsorbents was non-negligible only at high concentrations: processing a 100 ppm MO solution, qeq is 59 mg/g and 28 mg/g for CH-GO and CH, respectively. Starting from a 10 ppm MO solution, using a dosage of 8 g/L, it was possible to achieve adsorption efficiency of about 85%, meaning that small amounts of nanostructured devices can result in good process outcomes. Freundlich isotherm reliably describes the system behavior (R2 = 0.99). The multi-linear IPD kinetic model confirms that in the case of nanostructured porous devices, there are different mass transfer phenomena that control molecule diffusion through the system. The research proposed in this work aims to explore, as a first assessment, the potential of nanostructured devices for adsorption purposes.
Estimated Tardiness-Based Reinforcement Learning Solution to Repeatable Job-Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Heo Chi Yeong , Seo Jun , Kim Yonggang , Kim Yohan , Kim Taewoon
Published: January 2025

Intelligent manufacturing promises to revolutionize production processes, and it is expected to enhance efficiency and productivity. In this paper, we study the job-shop scheduling problem, which is a key enabler to the realization of intelligent manufacturing. Compared to previous studies, the proposed solution tackles generalized configurations by allowing the repetition of jobs and by assuming the limited capacity of machines and a sequence of operations constituting a job. The proposed solution is fully controlled by the trained reinforcement learning agent that finds the optimal match between the job and machine to schedule. In addition, by introducing the expected tardiness (ETD) metric, the agent can enhance the scheduling performance while effectively handling dynamic action space changes with the action masking technique. To effectively adapt to the particular manufacturing site, we propose a novel training approach that utilizes the average order arrival distribution learned from the historical logs. Such data-driven optimization can train an agent that effectively captures the general and site-specific characteristics of job arrivals, leading to improved generalization performance and a finely tuned model, respectively. To validate the proposed approach, we implement a custom environment with which extensive performance evaluation and comparison are carried out. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach can outperform the conventional heuristic priority dispatching rules under the desired performance criteria such as total tardiness and the total manufacturing cost. To be specific, in terms of the total cost metric, the proposed approach outperforms the considered approaches by 31.69% on average. In addition, the use of ETD can enhance the performance of the conventional approaches by 27.74% on average.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Alkali-Activated Foamed Concrete
Authors: Qin Luke , Zheng Liuyong , Guo Chunxiang , Shao Zhengge , Mou Changchi , Zhang Xiangcheng
Published: January 2025

In response to global energy, resource, and climate challenges, foamed concrete—a sustainable, low-carbon building material—offers advantages due to its lightweight nature and high thermal insulation. This study focused on alkali-activated foamed concrete (A07 grade, average density of 723 kg/m3) prepared from slag and fly ash under alkaline conditions. Using S95-grade slag powder and I-grade ground fine fly ash as raw materials, a sodium silicate and NaOH solution as the activator, and YS-200 composite cement foaming agent, alkali-activated foamed concrete with a density grade of A07 was prepared by physical foaming. The effects of water–binder ratio, fly ash content, and alkali equivalent on compressive strength, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and frost resistance were investigated. With a dry density of 300–1800 kg/m3 (1/10 to 1/3 of conventional concrete), it reduced building weight by 25–40%.
Diagnosis of Multiple Short-Circuit Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motors Using Electric Phasor Analysis of Line Currents and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Reyes-Malanche Josue A. , Ramirez-Velasco Efrain , Villalobos-Pina Francisco J. , Yepez Eduardo-Cabal
Published: January 2025

The three-phase induction motor (IM) plays an essential role in industry; therefore, ensuring these motors operate under faultless and reliable conditions. Previous studies have reported that 28% to 38% of IM failures are related to the stator windings. For this reason, numerous efforts have been made to develop low-cost procedures for early fault detection in IMs. However, their primary drawback is that they involve complex mathematical operations for analyzing acquired information in the frequency or time-frequency domains, making online implementation challenging. Consequently, there remains a need for a reliable, online method to detect faulty conditions in IMs. In this work, a straightforward methodology based on the phasor-representation analysis and a fuzzy logic classifier is proposed for the online detection and classification of short-circuit faults in a three-phase IM. The signal-processing technique in this approach involves basic arithmetic operations, making it feasible for implementation on the Texas Instruments 32-bit, floating-point digital signal processor TMS320F28335. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy and utility of the proposed methodology in detecting and classifying incipient or simultaneous short-circuit faults. It significantly reduces processing time while achieving high precision and accuracy compared to previous approaches reported in recent literature.
3D Printed Ni–Cu Sodalite Catalysts for Sustainable γ-Valerolactone Production from Levulinic Acid—Effect of the Copper Content and the Method of Preparation
Authors: Popova Margarita , Mladenov Boian , Dimitrov Ivan , Dimitrov Momtchil , Mitova Violeta , Mitrev Yavor , Kovacheva Daniela , Velinov Nikolay , Karashanova Daniela , Boycheva Silviya
Published: January 2025

Coal fly ash zeolites with Sodalite structure were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted double stage fusion-hydrothermal synthesis. Monometallic Ni and bimetallic Ni–Cu supported catalysts with 5 wt.% Ni and different copper contents of 1.5, 2.5 and 5.0 wt.% Cu were prepared by post-synthesis incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy and H2 temperature programmed reduction analysis. It was found that crystalline Cu0 and NixCuy intermetallic nanoparticles were formed in the reduced powder and 3D printed catalysts and that they affected the reducibility of the catalytically active nickel phase. Three-dimensionally printed 5Ni2.5Cu/Sodalite catalysts were prepared via modification with metals before and after 3D printing for comparative studies. The powder and 3D printed catalysts were studied in the lignocellulosic biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The formation of NiCu alloy, which is found on the powder and 3D printed catalysts, favors their catalytic performance in the studied reaction. In contrast with powder catalysts, the preservation of the Sodalite structure was detected for all 3D printed samples and was found to have a positive influence on the metal dispersion registered in the 3D spent catalysts. The powder 5Ni2.5Cu/Sodalite catalyst showed the highest LA conversion and high GVL yield at 150 °C reaction temperature. Three-dimensionally printed catalysts show more stable catalytic activity than powder catalysts due to the preservation of the zeolite structure and metal dispersion.
A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Circuit Optimization: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Karuppasamy Krishnageetha , Puram Varun , Johnson Stevens , Thomas Johnson P.
Published: January 2025

Optimizing quantum circuits is critical for enhancing computational speed and mitigating errors caused by quantum noise. Effective optimization must be achieved without compromising the correctness of the computations. This survey explores recent advancements in quantum circuit optimization, encompassing both hardware-independent and hardware-dependent techniques. It reviews state-of-the-art approaches, including analytical algorithms, heuristic strategies, machine learning-based methods, and hybrid quantum-classical frameworks. The paper highlights the strengths and limitations of each method, along with the challenges they pose. Furthermore, it identifies potential research opportunities in this evolving field, offering insights into the future directions of quantum circuit optimization.
Verification of Spatial Heterodyne Spectral Velocimetry Technology Based on Solar Spectrum
Authors: Peng Xiang , Gu Mu , Li Sujun , Ren Qifeng , Zhao Rujin
Published: January 2025

Deep space exploration is one of the key development directions in the aerospace field. With the significant increase in detection distance, the traditional space exploration methods may be ineffective due to effects such as signal energy attenuation and channel delay. There is an urgent need for a miniaturized, quasi-real-time, high-precision space velocity measurement instrument to be mounted on deep space aircraft and provide autonomous navigation. Spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology is a newly proposed high-precision velocimetry method in recent years, and relevant research units have also obtained excellent measurement results in applications. However, this technology originally used laser light sources for active detection, which differs from the passive detection based on stellar light sources required for deep space vehicles in terms of prerequisites. Therefore, this article focuses on the technical route and feasibility exploration of using spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology for stellar absorption spectrum and proposes a practical measurement scheme based on the technical principle of the background light synchronous cancellation method. We measured the radial velocity difference caused by the sun’s rotation at different positions on the solar image plane through outside validation experiments built in a simulated environment on the ground and obtained the experimental data with measurement deviation about 90 m/s and standard deviation about 55 m/s. The experimental results indicate that, under the current stability conditions of ground-based solar observation, we have achieved the same level of measurement accuracy as large ground-based telescopes by using instruments and equipment of much smaller size. It can be considered that the spatial heterodyne spectral velocity measurement scheme proposed in this article has achieved feasibility verification based on stellar spectral detection capability under the premise of instrument miniaturization and quasi-real-time processing. The research content provides a preliminary verification for the development of spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology in the aerospace field and also provides reference for the realization of high-precision autonomous navigation capability in future aerospace technology.
Research on Spaceborne Neural Network Accelerator and Its Fault Tolerance Design
Authors: Shao Yingzhao , Wang Junyi , Han Xiaodong , Li Yunsong , Li Yaolin , Tao Zhanpeng
Published: January 2025

To meet the high-reliability requirements of real-time on-orbit tasks, this paper proposes a fault-tolerant reinforcement design method for spaceborne intelligent processing algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This method is built on a CNN accelerator using Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, analyzing the impact of Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) on neural network computation. The accelerator design integrates data validation, Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), and other techniques, optimizing a partial fault-tolerant architecture based on SEU sensitivity. This fault-tolerant architecture analyzes the hardware accelerator, parameter storage, and actual computation, employing data validation to reinforce model parameters and spatial and temporal TMR to reinforce accelerator computations. Using the ResNet18 model, fault tolerance performance tests were conducted by simulating SEUs. Compared to the prototype network, this fault-tolerant design method increases tolerance to SEU error accumulation by five times while increasing resource consumption by less than 15%, making it more suitable for spaceborne on-orbit applications than traditional fault-tolerant design approaches.
Application of UAV-SfM Photogrammetry to Monitor Deformations of Coastal Defense Structures
Authors: García-López Santiago , Vélez-Nicolás Mercedes , Ruiz-Ortiz Verónica , Zarandona-Palacio Pedro , Contreras-de-Villar Antonio , Contreras-de-Villar Francisco , Muñoz-Pérez Juan José
Published: January 2025

Coastal defense has traditionally relied on hard infrastructures like breakwaters, dykes, and groins to protect harbors, settlements, and beaches from the impacts of longshore drift and storm waves. The prolonged exposure to wave erosion and dynamic loads of different nature can result in damage, deformation, and eventual failure of these infrastructures, entailing severe economic and environmental losses. Periodic post-construction monitoring is crucial to identify shape changes, ensure the structure’s stability, and implement maintenance works as required. This paper evaluates the performance and quality of the restitution products obtained from the application of UAV photogrammetry to the longest breakwater in the province of Cádiz, southern Spain. The photogrammetric outputs, an orthomosaic and a Digital Surface Model (DSM), were validated with in situ RTK-GPS measurements, displaying excellent planimetric accuracy (RMSE 0.043 m and 0.023 m in X and Y, respectively) and adequate altimetric accuracy (0.100 m in Z). In addition, the average enveloping surface inferred from the DSM allowed quantification of the deformation of the breakwater and defining of the deformation mechanisms. UAV photogrammetry has proved to be a suitable and efficient technique to complement traditional monitoring surveys and to provide insights into the deformation mechanisms of coastal structures.