bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência da Correção de Ladenburg para Movimentos Oscilatórios Amortecidos em Meios Viscosos por Meio de um Experimento de Baixo Custo
Authors: Moreira Augusto César Lima , Campello Sérgio de Lemos , Holanda Rodrigo Prazeres , Da Silva Erick Cordeiro
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo teórico e um estudo experimental sobre oscilações amortecidas realizado através de um sistema oscilador não convencional, com a utilização de materiais de baixo custo e de fácil aquisição contendo uma de uma esfera metálica maciça oscilando em um tubo transparente, aberto nas extremidades e levemente curvado, contendo três fluidos diferentes: ar, água e óleo de motor automotivo. O processo de obtenção dos dados foi realizado através vídeo-análise valendo-se do software Tracker. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram constatar sua semelhança com o modelo teórico com a correção de Ladenburg para oscilações amortecidas em regime supercrítico(esfera em óleo) e em regime subcrítico (esfera no ar e na água).
Proposta de Automatização do Método Leonês para Cálculo da Tarifa do Transporte Público Urbano em Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
Authors: Alves Helder Vasconcelos , Hirosue Fernando Hideki
Published: December 2021

Os métodos de cálculo de tarifas do transporte por ônibus utilizados no Brasil, em sua grande parte, estão obsoletos, sendo necessárias novas formas de se calcular o valor das tarifas. A automatização dos métodos de cálculos faz com que os órgãos competentes e projetistas levem menos tempo com demandas operacionais e possam focar em análises mais profundas sobre os custos do sistema de transporte coletivo urbano. Portanto, este estudo apresenta uma proposta de automatizar um desses métodos de cálculo: o Método Leonês. Tal automatização foi executada no Microsoft Excel através da linguagem de programação própria do software, denominada VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). Por fim, foram obtidos como resultados a planilha final de cálculo, considerações na concepção da planilha e ideias futuras de melhorias possíveis no programa construído.
A cadaveric study of relationship of external carotid artery with reference to adjacent anatomical landmarks
Authors: Ovhal Anjalee G , Ravikumar K , Badge Sachin
Published: December 2021

Evaluation of carotid bifurcation level and relationship of External Carotid Artery (ECA) with reference to adjacent anatomical landmarks is important in planning various surgical and radiological procedures related to the carotid arteries.

The aim was to study the relationship of External Carotid Artery with reference to Adjacent Anatomical landmarks in cadavers.

60 cadavers - 52 male and 8 female embalmed with 10% formalin were dissected over the period of two years for this study.

The distance between the origin and the termination of ECA was found to be in the range of 25–70 mm on the right side and in the range of 25–68 mm on the left side. The distance between the origin of ECA and the carotid tubercle was found to be in the range of 23–50 mm on the right side and in the range of 22–48 mm on the left side. The distance between the origin of ECA and the angle of the mandible was found to be in the range of 18–30 mm on the right side and in the range of 20–32 mm on the left side.

The anatomical knowledge of relationship of External Carotid Artery with reference to adjacent anatomical landmarks is helpful for vascular surgeons to plan surgeries and prevent complications during various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Morphometric study of nasal bones and piriform apertures in human skulls
Authors: Joshi Mohini M , Chavan Sushama K
Published: December 2021

The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There are many variations in morphometric measurements of nasal bones, piriform apertures and their shapes in different population.

Objective of present study was to study morphological and morphometric features of nasal bone and piriform aperture.

Adult human skulls available from collection of dried skulls were used for study purpose. Skull bones of unknown age and sex were obtained. Height, width of nasal bone, height, upper and lower width of piriform aperture, shapes of nasal bone and piriform aperture were observed.

Height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture were greater in male as compared to female. This difference was not statistically significant for upper width of piriform aperture (p=0.49) and for lower width of piriform aperture (p= 0.65) while the difference in height of piriform aperture was statistically significant. (p <0.0001).Differences in Height and width of nasal bone were not statistically significant among male and female nasal bones. Most common shape of nasal bone observed was Type A followed by Type B and C. Most common shape of piriform aperture was triangular to oval (50.00) in both the gender.

Majority finding of the present study are in concordance with Indian population studies while significant differences have been noted in comparison to the morphometric measurements of Turkish, Korean, Brazilian and Anatolian population. These variations might be because of differences in ethnicity.
Support to Rural, Remote, and Northern Counsellors: The Unique Features Inherent to Video-Conferencing Technology
Authors: Slipp Micheala
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the qualitative findings from a mixed methods quantitative-qualitative explanatory sequential research project. It investigates unique features of video conferencing technology and how these can be helpful in supporting counsellors in rural, remote, and Northern contexts to mitigate compassion fatigue through video conferencing clinical supervision. Semi structured interviews with nine respondents were conducted and analyzed with thematic content analysis supported by NVivo 10. The results revealed eight higher order themes. Of note are the thematic results which described technology as a solution, the unique opportunities inherent in the medium of video conferencing, and some of its inherent challenges. These results are relevant to a variety of consultative contexts across healthcare and education because they assist in understanding how the technology impacts interpersonal connection and efficacy in supervision work.
Healing effects of Solanum nigrum fruit extract on second-degree burn wounds and its antibacterial activity against common pathogens of burn infection
Authors: Rashidi Ashjerdi Parisa , Zabihi Mohsen , Ranjbar Ali Mohammad , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein , Fatahi Bafghi Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Aims: Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) is a species of flowering plant from the Solanaceae family and one of the indigenous plants of Eurasia. Given the biological activities of this plant, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ones, this study assessed its effects on the healing process of second-degree burn wounds in rats. We also evaluated its antibacterial activity against common pathogens of burn wound infection (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumanni).
Methods: S. nigrum fruit extract was prepared by percolation and reflux methods. The extract was applied for the treatment of animal models with second-degree burn wounds. Parameters of wound healing and maturation, including collagen deposition, epithelialization, reduction of neutrophil migration, and angiogenesis, were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of S. nigrum fruit extract against common pathogens of burn wound infection was assessed by the agar well diffusion method via measurement of zones of microbial growth inhibition.
Results: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in neutrophil migration by the 20% hydroalcoholic extract vs. control group (normal saline). In addition, we found that the 20% hydroalcoholic extract was more efficient than silver sulfadiazine in augmenting collagen deposition. S. nigrum hydro alcoholic extract also showed an inhibitory effect on S. aureus.
Conclusion: S. nigrum 20% hydroalcoholic extract improved some of the wound healing parameters such as collagen deposition and inflammation. It also shows an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. So, it may have therapeutic effects on burns.
Skin reactions after injection of COVID-19 vaccine: four clinical image
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Zabihi Mohsen , Asadi Mohadeseh
Published: December 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Efficacy of group reality therapy versus desipramine pharmacotherapy in drug craving and relapse of methamphetamine-dependent patients in yazd
Authors: Dastjerdi Ghasem , Bidaki Reza , Ghazalbash Hadi
Published: December 2021

Aims: In this comparative study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy versus desipramine pharmacotherapy in reducing the craving and relapse of methamphetamine-dependent patients.
Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted using a control group and two experimental groups of reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy. The statistical population of this study included all methamphetamine-dependent patients under methadone treatment who were referred to the health clinics of Yazd city, Iran. We selected 30 patients using convenience sampling and then categorized them randomly into three groups of reality therapy, desipramine pharmacotherapy, and control. In the pre-test stage, the risk questionnaire was administered to evaluate the stimulants. The first experimental group attended 10 reality therapy sessions once a weak and was assessed immediately after the treatment. The data were analyzed using the covariance analysis.
Results: The findings showed no significant difference between the total mean score of the reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups (F= 3.289, P= 0.087). Hence, these two interventions did not affect attenuating craving to use the drugs. To check the homogeneity presumptions of the covariance matrix and variances of the two groups, the Box (6.241) and Levine (0.250) tests were applied, respectively. The results about the experimental groups (Reality therapy and Desipramine group) compared to the control group were meaningful.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference between reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups in reducing the craving to use the drugs.  The scope of changes showed that craving for drug consumption reduced in reality therapy (51.0) and desipramine pharmacotherapy (36.0) groups.
Prolonged mannerism as an isolated, interesting, and old symptom in a schizophrenic patient with poor response to clozapine: a clinical image
Authors: Panahi Somayeh , Bidaki Reza , Asadi Mohadeseh
Published: December 2021

The concept of catatonia was first described by a German psychiatrist, Kahlbaum, in 1874. Catatonia is a serious neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric, neurological, medical conditions, and drug-induced disorders. Nevertheless, there is no absolute guideline for treating catatonia patients in whom the cause of the disorder is unknown. Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of catatonia. Our case was a 51-year-old single, right-handed man with schizophrenia and a specific symptom of catatonia. Despite previous studies findings revealing the efficacy of clozapine in relieving catatonia symptoms, our patient did not show a definite response to this medication. Hence, follow-up of these patients to evaluate other treatments and possible incidence or manifest of other catatonic features like waxy flexibility, echo phenomenon, and negativism are suggested.
Scientometric analysis of health impact assessment of outdoor air pollution by WHO-AirQ tool (2005-2019)
Authors: Malekafzali Sheida , Jozi Seyed Ali , Kashefiolasl Morteza , Zaeimdar Mojgan , Sahti Mohsen
Published: December 2021

Introduction: This study provides a scientometric analysis of the health impact assessment within AirQ between 2005 and 2019, which are listed in the web science databases. Studies have been conducted in various indexed journals, researchers in World Health Organization (WHO) regional areas on product articles, international collaboration, and citation and keyword analysis.
Materials and methods: Bibliographic records of research publications and articles were found and after screening process were input to study plan. The authors compared the growth of article that was published in this period time, conducted a citation and co-authorship analysis, and keywords co-occurrences relationship by publication using the scientometric visualization, VOSviewer.
Results: The AirQ applying tool in research literature has seen most increase in 2017 production over the study period. Contributions by authors affiliated with WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) account for the most research literature. Most of studies focus on particles Particulate Matter with diameter <10 µm (PM  ) and Particulate Matter with diameter <2.5µm (PM 2.5) and according to total mortality and in hospital admission, Respiratory Disease (RD) and Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) are most commonly.
Conclusion: All potential of AirQ has  not  been  used  in  studies.  Despite all function its scope is limited to several countries in the WHO regions. Implementation of “Driving Force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, and Action” (DPSEEA) conceptual model need some evidence that AirQ can achieve and estimate Health Impact Assessment (HIA) but we didn’t find any articles that work on intervention by it on policy makers and management programs.
Health effects from particulate air pollution in one of the industrial cities of Iran
Authors: Fouladi Fard Reza , Dordshaikh Torkamani Fazileh , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Fahiminia Mohammad , Koolivand Ali , Hosseini Mohammad Reza , Eshrati Babak , Fiore Maria , Omidi Oskouei Alireza , Rezaei Nayereh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Particulate Matter (PM), also known as aerosol, is the sum   of all particles suspended in droplets floating in the air, which can have harmful impacts on humans all over the world. This cross-sectional study  set out to evaluate the potential health effects of over-exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 on aggravating mortality and hospitalization due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Arak citizens.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional survey, AirQ+ model was used to estimate the health impacts of two particulate air pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) based on Relative Risk (RR), and Baseline Incidence (BI) obtained from reference documents.
Results: According to the calculations, the attributable proportion percentage (AP%) and attributable excess cases (persons) for total mortality from PM10 were 3.3% (95% CI, 2.8%-3.8%) in 2014 vs. 4.9% (95% CI, 4.1%-5.6%) in 2015 and 99 persons in 2014 vs. 148 persons in 2015, respectively. Likewise, the AP (%) and the number of excess cases (persons) calculated for total mortality from PM2.5 were 3.3% (95% CI, 2.6%-4.1%) in 2014 vs. 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8%-1.3%) in 2015 and 99 persons in 2014 vs. 33 persons in 2015, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that dominant west winds could increase the particle matters produced from power plants, petrochemical plants, and western dust storm, leading to a surge in the mortality and morbidity related to particulate air pollutants in Arak.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges of Using Online Questionnaires on Food Security and Nutritional Status Research Studies
Authors: Bahramzadeh Gendeshmin Saeid , Moslehi Shandiz
Published: December 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Flood Response and Civil-Military Coordination in Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Ali , Razia Sharif , Mazhar M Iqbal
Published: December 2021

It is an established fact that Pakistan is prone to disasters and damage caused by these disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate, and type of earth surface, geology and degree of vulnerability. The paper focus on underpinnings of flood response, however, emphasis  will be on role of Corps of Engineers (Army), Civil-Military coordination in 2010 Floods and prolonged employment of Army on such tasks. The main focus of this paper is on the existing role of military, their relationship with the civil set-up and the expectations of both the group from each other. Moreover, this paper also reviews about the existing frameworks and mechanisms of coordination between the two groups. The paper may help managers, policy makers and army engineers and government authorities to realistically evolve flood response, and decentralized mode of operation should be adapted from national to regional level in order to follow an integrated framework for bringing all stakeholders and victims together for developing an organized response system. However, the prolonged employment of Army on mitigation of disasters must be avoided.
Participación ciudadana en procesos de gobernanza regulatoria local. Análisis de la construcción normativa en la Alcaldía de Medellín (Colombia) (2017-2018)
Authors: García Jaramillo Leonardo , Palacio Jaramillo Julia Inés
Published: December 2021

Las iniciativas de gobierno abierto en procesos de toma democrática de decisiones se han ponderado como instrumentos de gran valor que pueden contribuir con una mejor calidad del resultado de dichos procesos, es decir, con decisiones más técnicas y legítimas. Este artículo analiza el mecanismo dispuesto por la Alcaldía de Medellín (Colombia) para someter algunos decretos, de forma previa a su expedición, a participación pública. Entre las reformas institucionales implementadas por la incorporación de Colombia a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) se destaca la asociada con el componente de “gobernanza normativa o regulatoria” dirigido a mejorar la calidad del proceso de expedición normativa. El mecanismo está bien orientado: se funda en los rendimientos conocidos de la deliberación democrática en distintos procesos de toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, en el caso estudiado su diseño e implementación presenta varios problemas que comprometen el logro de los objetivos esperados. Los hallazgos de este trabajo trascienden al objeto particular de estudio porque indican formas que podría adoptar, y defectos que debe eludir, este mecanismo en otras ciudades de Colombia y de otros países en la región.
La unilateralidad de los actos administrativos en Colombia a partir del principio de participación en el marco de los procedimientos administrativos
Authors: Sánchez Zapata Diana Carolina , Vergara Mesa Hernán Darío
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza la repercusión del principio constitucional de participación en la formación y estructura de las decisiones administrativas, a partir de un estudio de la unilateralidad como un atributo tradicionalmente predicado de los actos administrativos. En virtud de la importancia que exhibe el principio de participación en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y bajo la fórmula de Estado social y democrático de derecho, se seleccionaron dos escenarios de la actividad administrativa, concretamente el otorgamiento de licencias ambientales y la negociación colectiva de los empleados públicos, con el fin de determinar, a partir de la aplicación de un método inductivo dentro del análisis de estos ámbitos de referencia, la manera como la participación permite cuestionar los caracteres de la teoría tradicional del acto administrativo, además de reconocer matices que flexibilizan sus atributos típicos.
El sistema federal de contratación de los Estados Unidos: una introducción
Authors: R. Yukins ChristopherX
Published: December 2021

Este artículo proporciona una introducción al derecho de la contratación estatal de los Estados Unidos, especialmente el derecho federal, que está más desarrollado que el derecho de los estados o el derecho local, y que tiene lecciones que pueden ser útiles para otros sistemas. El artículo se divide en siete partes y su análisis abarca la historia, que ha dotado al sistema de sus características actuales; el acceso al mercado y las potenciales barreras de entrada; los principales métodos de contratación en el sistema federal; los principales tipos de contratos; el sistema de protestas para los oferentes agraviados; y los mecanismos de protección anticorrupción del sistema estadounidense. Todos estos elementos actúan como piezas de un engranaje que, sin ser perfecto, ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años para llegar a ser un régimen de contratación estatal que es, a la vez, complejo y maduro.
Metodologia de Projeto para Minimização de Volume do Filtro LCL de Conversores Conectados à Rede Considerando Tempo de Vida do Capacitor
Authors: Bolsi Pedro C. , Prado Edemar O. , Precht Arthur F. , Lenz João M. , Sartori Hamiltom C. , Pinheiro José Renes
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para o dimensionamento de filtros LCL aplicados a conversores conectados à rede. Esta baseia-se em uma análise conjunta dos projetos paramétrico e físico. São determinadas diferentes combinações de L-C-L que atendem às restrições normativas, a fim de encontrar os valores que resultem no menor volume total, maior tempo de vida do capacitor, ou compromisso entre ambos. Para isso, são modeladas as perdas nos componentes, bem como aspectos práticos e particularidades de cada tecnologia empregada no filtro. Resultados experimentais elétricos e térmicos validam a metodologia proposta.
Effect of variety, seed rate and row spacing on the growth and yield of rice in Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors:   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Garba AA , Mahmoud BA ,   Federal College of Horticulture, Dadin-Kowa Gombe State, Adamu Y ,   Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe State, Ibrahim U ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru- Zaria, Nigeria
Published: December 2021

Field experiments were conducted at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Fadama Farm Bauchi, during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effects of variety, seeding rate and row spacing on growth and yield of rice. Two varieties of rice; Ex – China (Indigenous and upland/lowland) and NERICA-1 (improved and upland), three seeding rates (32, 54 and 75 kg/ha) and four row spacings (15, 20, 25 and broadcast) were used during the study. The treatments were combined and laid in a split – split plot design with three replications. Variety was placed in the main plot, seeding rate in the sub plot while row spacing was placed in sub –sub plot. Data were collected on parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, spikes per hill, spikelets per spike and number of seeds per spike, seed weight per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 and analyzed using analysis of variance procedure for split – split plot and significant differences among the treatment means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Variety Ex-China produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of tillers per plant and spikes per hill. However, NERICA-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield in kg ha-1 than Ex-China. Row spacings of 15, 20 and 25cm also had significant effects on the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per hill, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 over the control. From the factors studied, seeding rate did not show any significant difference during the two years of investigation. Interactions were also observed among the factors studied. Therefore, row spacings irrespective of the method used, or hole planting of rice could be more appropriate for optimum grain yield.
Occupational diversification among rural women in sub-saharan Africa: A review
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Ajani EN , Igbokwe EM
Published: December 2021

Rural women need to diversify their occupations since farming in sub - Saharan Africa is rain - fed and , therefore , seasonal. This is to enable them to acquire additional income to take care of economic responsibilities during off - season periods. This paper reviews current literature in the field in both farm and non - farm occupations and effects of occupational diversification, which varies from negative to positive effects . One major negative effect is withdrawal of critical labour from the family farm which serves as a distress push factor while t he positive effects include raisin g agricultural household income which is also referred to as dem and pull factor. The paper also discusses government initiated programmes aimed at reducing poverty, vulnerability and targeted to wards economic empowerment of rural women in Nigeria such as Bette r Life Programme (BLP), Family S upport Programme (FSP), Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Family Economic A dvancement Programme (FEAP), National Special Programme on Food Security (NSPFS) and Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP). Worthy of note is that some of these programmes have failed to achieve the aims of their establishment , mainly because most of these government initiated programmes were highly politicised to the detriment of the beneficiaries. This left rural women with the option of involvement in diversification of occupations. This is t o enable them generate additional income to empower themselves economically to me et their family obligations thus reducing vulnerability and poverty among members of their households. Occupational diversification is of increasing importance for women ’s economic empowerment. This paper asserts that the contribution made by occupational diversification to rural livelihoods is a significant one that has often been ignored by policy makers who choose to focus on agriculture. The paper recommends the need for government policies and programmes to promote the development of human capital among the rural women to equip them with the necessary skills to work in non - farm activities
Effects of fermentation and heating on the functional properties of processed flour from African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla benth) seeds
Authors:   Ambrose Alli University, Nigeria, Osagie-Eweka ESD , Alaiya TH
Published: December 2021

A comparative study was conducted to determine the effects of heat treatment and fermentation on the functional properties of African oil bean ( Pentaclethra macrophylla: Benth ) seeds. The objective was to determine the nutritional benefits inherent therein, and the possible utilization of this plant food source as a complement in food formulation and improvement. The bean seed was broken to obtain the cotyledon, locally processed by fermentation and heat treatment, after which it was milled to obtain flour from the African oil bean. The control group of day 0 was not subjected to fermentation, but heat - treated and all other experimental groups (Day 1 - 7) subjected to fermentation and heating. The following selected physio -chemical properties were analyzed for the African oil bean seeds: water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and bulk densities were determined; the emulsion capacity and whipping ability were also determined. The oil absorption capacity range d from 0.66 - 1.26 g/ml; water absorption capacity, 0.76 - 1.32 g/ml; emulsion capacity, 33.33 - 64.67 g/ml, emulsion stability after one hour, 6.00 - 63.33 g/ml, bulk density, 0.40 - 0.49 g/g and whipping ability, 0.00 - 0.93 g/ml. The processing methods adopted (fermentation and heating) to improve on the functional properties of the African oil bean seeds significantly affected (p<0.05) the bulk density, whipping ability, emulsion stability and Stability after one hour of experimental samples fermented and heat treated (Day 1 - 7) compared to the Day 0 sample that was only heated while there was , however , no statistical significance recorded for the oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity in experimental Day 1 - 7 compared to the control (Day 0) . The treatment, demonstrated improved functional properties of the African Oil bean seeds; likely to enhance the palatability of formulated foods. The treatment did not show significant improvement on the oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity of t he bean ; however, there was enhanced oil and water functionality.
Fighting undernutrition and child mortality in Sierra Leone
Authors:   Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan, Bangura S
Published: December 2021

This study has analysed the determinants of child undernutrition and mortality in Sierra Leone with the objective of identifying key predictors to advise policy . It utilises the country’s Demographic and Health Survey 2008. The estimation of the empirical model employs a seemingly unrelated r egression (SUR) technique and probit framework. The predictors of undernutrition found most significant are: mothers’ education ; housing environment measured by household density , accommodation capacity and sanitary condition; regional development differentials ; having vegetables in the diet for mothers and children ; and immunization. The predictors found significant for tackling mortality are : mothers’ education; household density ; recognition of gendered differential needs for children; nutritional deficiency ; micronutrient supplement ; and postnatal care . The policy simulations demonstrate that focusing policy on these factors could immensely help address child growth problems in the country. More particularly, t he paper suggests the need for a greater focus on supporting mother s ’ education and strengthening public health in childcare management . That, while modern medicine is always crucial , it can be perceived only as bolstering good natural practices in caring for children . It is noted that children that are chronically undernourished can resist episodic sources of undernutrition more strongly than those that have not been undernourished before. This supports the argument that while ‘ vulnerability ’ and ‘ poverty ’ are closely related concepts , they are separable from a static and dynamic point of view ; the former measures the probability of becoming poor due to exposure to shocks even if one is currently better - off , or the probability of becoming poorer for those that are already poor . Child wasting appears closer to vulnerability than stunting , which is mainly noted with those already in poverty . Therefore, policies should target both urban and rural settlers — the former are characterised in this study by higher incidence of child wasting (acute undernutrition ) while the latter are characterised by higher incidence of stunting ( chronic undernutrition ). The study does not find any strict linearity in the expectation of the distribution and dynamics of the effects of nutritional deficiency and morbid episode s across the socioeconomic groups analysed , thereby evincing the need for careful policy targeting . T he four regions of the country should be evaluated carefully in policy targeting processes , given that there are urban poverty pockets as well as rural poverty pockets .
Food Security status of rural farming households in Iwo, Ayedire and Ayedaade local government areas of Osun state, south-westerrn Nigeria
Authors:   Bowen University, Nigeria, Adeniyi OR , Ojo OA
Published: December 2021

This research work reports on the food security status of rural farming households in selected Local Government Areas (LGA’s) of Osun State in the South-west Geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The objectives were to estimate extent and magnitude of food insecurity in the study area and determine factors that affect household food security. Three of the thirty LGA’s were selected using stratified random sampling method, based on the geographical location, extent and number of rural population and variations in the socio-economic characteristics of households. The LGA’s were Iwo, Ayedaade and Ayedire. Fifty rural households were then selected from each of the local governments using the random sampling method. One hundred and fifty copies of the questionnaire were administered out of which 103 fully completed and certified responses were used as representative samples for the study area. Food security status of the households was analyzed based on the calorie requirement for all household members. The food security measures applied in this research were Head Count Method, Food Insecurity Gap and Squared Food Insecurity Gap to capture successively more detailed aspects of the food insecurity status of the households. It was found that majority of the rural farming households in the area were food insecure as most of them subsist below the food security line which is 2,280 Kcal in this study. Using the recommended calorie approach, it was discovered that 69.9% of the population were food insecure. In comparison to food insecure households, food secure households have a small family size, earn a high monthly income and make use of modern farm inputs. It is, therefore, advised that food security policy strategies to be put in place by the government should consider the socio-economic characteristics of households in order to achieve more than a marginal reduction in the number of food insecure households.
Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide in Ecuador
Authors: Boira Santiago , Tomas-Aragones Lucia , Rivera Nury
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes intimate partner violence and femicide in Ecuador from an ecological perspective. The qualitative study, involving the participation of 61 individuals, took place in the province of Imbabura and was based on eight interviews with qualified experts and seven focus groups made up of professionals from the field of social and public services. The study comprises: a) the characterization of the dynamic of violence and risk of femicide; b) the analysis of the microsystem in relation to the family, neighbors, and professionals; c) an examination of the institutional response; and d) the assessment of the patriarchal culture, the role of the church, and indigenism. The results point to the permanence of a naturalized, chauvinistic culture, the lack of an effective network of resources to support victims, and a rigid administrative structure. As a consequence, victims have little confidence in public institutions, rates of reporting and prosecuting cases of violence are very low, and there is a perception that the aggressors are able to act with impunity, increasing the risk of severe violence and femicide.
Masculinities and Femicide
Authors: Messerschmidt James W.
Published: December 2021

The relationship between masculinity and femicide has been virtually ignored in the literature on both masculinities and femicide. The aim of this paper then is to concentrate on the relationship between masculinities and femicide by first briefly summarizing feminist theorizing in the 1970s and 1980s and its relation to the emergence of Raewyn Connell’s concept of “hegemonic masculinity.” Following that, new directions in scholarly work on hegemonic and non-hegemonic masculinities are discussed, with particular attention directed to the recent work of the author on the relationship among hegemonic, dominant, dominating, and positive masculinities. Finally, the paper concludes by briefly illustrating how this new conception of masculinities can be applied to two types of femicide: intimate partner femicide and so-called “honor” femicides.
A Qualitative Study of Intimate Partner Femicide and Orphans in Cyprus
Authors: Kapardis Andreas , Baldry Anna Costanza , Konstantinou Maria
Published: December 2021

The paper first contextualizes femicide in the broader context of domestic violence, and homicide in the Republic of Cyprus. It then goes on to report a qualitative study of eighteen intimate partner femicide (IPF) orphans during the period 2001-2014. Findings concerning IPF, offender, and victim characteristics but also pertaining to a broad range of themes that emerged in the face-to-face interviews with the orphans are also reported and discussed. In support of theoretical notions of power and control and gender inequality, the study reported also documents of a prior history of serious conflict, physical, verbal, and psychological abuse of the IPF victim by a jealous, possessive, controlling, and oppressive violent male partner or ex-partner. Evidence is provided of the tragic inability of the authorities to heed numerous warning signs and threats-to-kill by the offender and so avert such murders. Finally, attention turns to the policy and research implications of the findings with emphasis on lethal domestic violence prevention and better support of the orphans involved.
Examining the maturity of South Africa’s government departments to implement the Infrastructure Delivery Management System (IDMS)
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Chigangacha Progress , Haupt Theodore , Awuzie Bankole
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the maturity of South Africa’s provincial government departments in engaging with the Infrastructure Delivery Management System (IDMS) towards facilitating effective infrastructure delivery. Furthermore, the study sought to formulate evidence-based interventions that could be utilised by these government departments to engender successful delivery of infrastructure assets and associated services to their beneficiaries. This research was descriptive and employed the quantitative research approach. Data was elicited from three provincial government departments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Structured maturity modelling questionnaires were deployed for data collection from the respondents. The emergent data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 26. A One-Way ANOVA, aimed at enabling a comparative analysis of differences in the degree of maturity between the three provincial government departments that utilise the IDMS, was conducted. Results from the study indicate that the three departments (cases) had a maturity rating between 3 and 4, signifying well-defined and documented standard processes that can be improved over time. However, an IDMS-ready organisation would ideally have a maturity rating at level 5. In addition, the leadership dimension was found to be a driver of all other dimensions, where a high maturity level under this dimension directly correlates with improved maturity in the other dimensions. It is recommended that adequate management and leadership support is needed to improve organisational maturity in relation to IDMS implementation. The study was confined to KwaZulu-Natal, due to the short survey period for information gathering and data collection. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a great impact on the undertaking of some key research processes mostly affecting the research methodology, particularly during data collection. This study is the first of its kind in South Africa to assess the maturity of provincial government departments to implement the IDMS, which is indicative of an evaluation void gap.
Az erdei szalonka (Scolopax rusticola L.) Magyarországi tavaszi vonulásának modellezése nemlineáris regressziós eljárások segítségével
Authors: Bende Attila , Csanády Viktória , Csanády Etele , László Richárd
Published: December 2021

Az erdei szalonka (Scolopax rusticola L.) tavaszi vonulásának elemzése során a vonulás dinamikai jellegzetességeinek modellezéséhez olyan speciális függvényeket adaptáltunk és illesztettünk, amelyek alkalmasak a folyamat jellemzésére, az eltéréseinek kifejezésére és azok matematikai módszerekkel történő értékelésére. Eredményeink alapján az alkalmazott módszerek közül a Gauss-függvények speciális lineáris kombinációi bizonyultak a legalkalmasabbnak az egyes évek vonulásdinamikai sajátságainak elemzésére. E függvények nagy pontossággal (R=90,3%–98,7%) írták le a faj tavaszi vonulását még a szélsőséges adatsorokkal jellemezhető években is. Eredményeink alapján javasoljuk az általunk alkalmazott Gauss-függvények speciális lineáris kombinációinak alkalmazását más madárfajok vonulási karakterisztikájának értékelésére is.
Csillapított rezgések differenciálegyenletes modelljei
Authors: Horváth-Szováti Erika
Published: December 2021

A rezgések mozgásegyenletei másodrendű differenciálegyenletek, amelyekkel többek között az erdészeti és környezetvédelemi kutatások területén is gyakran találkozhatunk. Az ilyen típusú differenciálegyenletek konkrét fizikai példákkal történő szemléltetése – a hallgatók gyakran korlátozott matematikai háttértudása miatt – csak alaposan végiggondolt, és a lehetőségekhez mérten maximálisan leegyszerűsített példák segítségével lehetséges.
Positivismo, educação e hegemonia
Authors: Costa Helton Messini da
Published: December 2021

O exercício de reflexão presente neste estudo procura compreender e analisar a presença da filosofia positiva de Auguste Comte, entre finais do século XIX e início do século XX - momento de transformações econômicas, sociais e fundamentalmente política - entre os círculos intelectuais no Brasil, com particular interesse em sua introdução no pensamento educacional brasileiro. Com efeito, procuramos incidir nossa pesquisa pela difusão do positivismo na educação a partir de dois intelectuais específicos: Benjamin Constant e José Veríssimo. Por ambos, traçarem um debate que buscava, cada qual a seu modo, a partir do ideário positivista, empreender mudanças que trariam ao Brasil o progresso e a ordem civilizatória nos mesmos marcos que se dispunham na Europa ocidental e nos Estados Unidos. Intencionamos, deste modo, expressar que a formação de certas camadas intelectuais, centradas nos preceitos positivistas, manifestava a busca por hegemonia, no sentido explicitado por Antonio Gramsci (2000, 2004), de uma elite republicana e abolicionista, composta por frações militares, funcionários públicos, bem como, de uma pequena burguesia ainda em formação constituída por profissionais liberais, tais como, escritores, médicos, jornalistas, entre outros. Tal grupo, longe de expressarem um todo coeso, procurava disputar suas concepções de mundo junto ao Estado brasileiro.
Influência do Programa Bolsa Família no índice antropométrico peso para idade das crianças beneficiárias em uma cidade no interior de Minas Gerais (Brasil)
Authors: Santos Mariana Cristina Silva , Bearzoti Eduardo , Márliere Cláudia Aparecida , Bonolo Palmira de Fátima
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a influência do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) no perfil nutricional de crianças beneficiárias, no município de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil, por meio do índice antropométrico peso para idade (P/I). Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico analítico, realizado a partir de registros contidos no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) e no Cadastro Único do Governo Federal (CadÚnico), referentes a crianças com até 84 meses; e os efeitos das variáveis foram estimados por meio do Modelo Linear de Efeito Misto. Resultados: observou-se P/I elevado de 15,4% na primeira avaliação e de 8,3% na segunda; sendo que a redução média foi significativa, de 0,09 no valor do escore Z a cada 100 dias de exposição ao PBF. Conclusão: o tempo de permanência no PBF pode contribuir de maneira significante no estado nutricional das crianças.
PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI BEBERAPA APOTEK DI INDONESIA PADA ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Fathoni Muhammad Muamar , Fitriani Rizella , Lestari Fidya Dwi , Angembani Vita Maulinda Asa , Tusholecha Amalia , Fatmasari Winda , Alyajilan Alyajilan , Azaria Shafa , Yuliana Yuliana , Amaliah Nadya , Maharani Safira Izza , Zairina Elida
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 telah mempengaruhi aspek kesehatan. Apoteker perlu merumuskan strategi dan inovasi dalam menghadapi pandemi ini untuk memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian kepada masyarakat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak, pelayanan kefarmasian, dan inovasi pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek komunitas Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasional dan desain cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring. Sebanyak 96 apoteker berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan distribusi data ditampilkan berdasarkan frekuensi dan persentase dari hasil kuesioner. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 ini berdampak pada (60,4%) pelayanan apotek di Indonesia karena terjadi peningkatan permintaan beberapa produk farmasi (suplemen, vitamin, dan alat kesehatan) yang dapat menekan sistem rantai pasokan obat. Pelayanan kefarmasian saat COVID-19 sudah diterapkan oleh beberapa apotek di Indonesia (31,25%, n=30) sesuai Pedoman Kemenkes RI terkait Pedoman Kesiapsiagaan COVID-19 Rev 02 Tahun 2020. Selain itu, beberapa apotek di Indonesia (71,88%, n=69) telah menerapkan E-pharmacy, pembayaran nontunai, layanan resep dan swamedikasi secara daring, serta pengiriman obat ke rumah pasien di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Dampak pandemi COVID-19 pada pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek komunitas yakni penerapan e-pharmacy dan sebagian besar apotek telah menerapkan prosedur operasional yang sesuai.Kata Kunci: apotek komunitas, COVID-19, pelayanan kefarmasian, apoteker, Indonesia
Time and Causality: A Thermocontextual Perspective
Authors: Crecraft Harrison
Published: December 2021

The Thermocontextual Interpretation (TCI) is proposed here as an alternative to existing interpretations of physical states and time. Prevailing interpretations are based on assumptions rooted in classical mechanics. Logical implications include the determinism and reversibility of change, and an immediate conflict. Determinism underlies causality, but causality implies a distinction between cause and effect and an arrow of time, conflicting with reversibility. Prevailing interpretations also fail to explain the empirical irreversibility of wavefunction collapse without untestable and untenable metaphysical implications. They fail to reconcile nonlocality and relativity without invoking superdeterminism or unexplained superluminal correlations. The Thermocontextual Interpretation defines a system’s state with respect to its actual surroundings at a positive ambient temperature. The TCI bridges existing physical interpretations and thermodynamics as special cases, which define states either with respect to an absolute-zero reference or with respect to a thermally equilibrated reference. The TCI defines system time as a complex property of state spanning both reversible mechanical time and irreversible thermodynamic time, and it distinguishes between system time and the reference time of relativity and causality, as measured by an observer’s clock. And, the TCI provides a physical explanation for nonlocality, consistent with relativity, without hidden variables, superdeterminism, or “spooky action.”
Biological Attacks on Underground Hydroelectric Pump Storage Power Stations
Authors: Anakhov Pavlo , Zhebka Viktoriia
Published: December 2021

Studies have shown the unconditional danger of biological attacks on underground hydroelectric pumped-storage power stations. A hypothetical list of biological damage to water conduits and dams is determined. Relevant predictions are given, as well as accident events of hydraulic structures are described. A universal scheme for the application of hazard protection measures, which can be comprehensive, has been developed. Praemonitus praemunitus – precautions should be taken.