bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Generalized Odd Median Based Unit Rayleigh with a New Shape Oscillating Hazard Rate Function
Authors: Attia Iman Mohammed
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the author presents the generalized form of the Median-Based Unit Rayleigh (MBUR) distribution, a novel statistical distribution that is specifically defined within the interval (0, 1) expressing oscillating hazard rate function. This generalization adds a new parameter to the MBUR distribution that significantly addresses the unique characteristics of data represented as ratios and proportions, which are commonly encountered in various fields of research. The establishment of this generalization aims to deepen our understanding of these phenomena by providing a robust framework for analysis. The paper offers a thorough and meticulous derivation of the probability density function (PDF) for the MBUR distribution, illuminating each phase of the process with clarity and precision. It delves deep into the intricacies of the MBUR distribution's properties, presenting a rigorous examination of the accompanying functions that are vital for robust statistical evaluation. These functions—comprising the cumulative distribution function (CDF), survival function, hazard rate and reversed hazard rate function. The paper discusses real data analysis and how the generalization improves such analysis.
Письма пифагорейских женщин в историческом и философском контексте
Authors: Афонасина А.С.
Published: February 2025

Письма пифагорейских женщин, считавшиеся до начала XIX в. достоверными, рассматриваются в данной статье в контексте существования риторических школ начала I в. н. э., а также как средство поддержания пифагорейского идеала воспитания в рамках возрождения интереса к пифагореизму в тот же период. Кроме того, помещая их в контекст пасторальных писем, можно предположить, что пифагорейские письма написаны также и с идеологической целью, а именно для создания некоего противовеса набирающему силу христианству. Свидетельства о Теано рассматриваются в порядке их появления, осуществляется их краткий анализ. Подвергается сомнению одна из датировок создания этих писем. Выдержка из письма Теано приводится в переводе автора статьи и звучит на русском языке впервые. Данная статья является введением к готовящемуся комментированному переводу писем пифагорейских женщин.
Antisthenes: Cynic or Aristocrat?
Authors: PROTOPOPOVA I.A. , GARADJA A.V.
Published: February 2025

Review of: Kennedy, William John, ed. (2017) Antisthenes' Literary Fragments: Edited with Introduction, Translations, and Commentary. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney. (https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/16595/1/Kennedy_WJ_Thesis%20Final.pdf). The review deals with a thesis by William John Kennedy devoted to Antisthenes. The authors of the review are chiefly interested in the first part of the work where Kennedy is attempting to substantiate his controversial view on Antisthenes' philosophical affiliation, asserting that he had nothing to do with the Cynics and in his ethical judgment abided by traditional tenets of Athenian aristocracy. The review is focusing on those hermeneutical devices, including rather biased translations that allow the author to come to a conclusion that breaks so starkly with the standard position in modern Classical studies.

Рецензия на диссертацию: Kennedy, William John, ed. (2017) Antisthenes’ Literary Fragments: Edited with Introduction, Translations, and Commentary. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney. (https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/16595/1/Kennedy_WJ_Thesis%20Final.pdf). В рецензии рассматривается диссертация William John Kennedy, посвященная Антисфену. Авторы рецензии уделяют особое внимание первой части работы, в которой Кеннеди пытается обосновать свой новаторский взгляд на философскую принадлежность Антисфена: по мнению Кеннеди, он не имел никакого отношения к киникам и в этике исповедовал традиционные взгляды афинских аристократов. В рецензии рассматриваются прежде всего те интерпретаторские приемы, в т.ч. переводческие, с помощью которых Кеннеди приходит к такому нетривиальному для современного антиковедения выводу.
The theory and practice of torture in Ancient Athenian courts
Authors: Adamidis V.
Published: February 2025

There has been much debate in scholarship over the actual existence of torture (basanos) of innocent slaves for evidentiary purposes in the courts of classical Athens in the age of the orators. In the absence of direct evidence in the forensic speeches, scholars have pointed to a putative inconsistency between theory and practice regarding this institution. On the one hand, belief in the reliability of torture is evident in the works of the Attic orators, as well as challenges to evidentiary torture. Furthermore, rhetorical theory (in Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Anaximenes’ Rhetorica ad Alexandrum) supposedly provides guidance to orators as if recourse to basanos was a real possibility and classifies torture under the category of artless or supplementary proofs. On the other hand, not even one of such challenges has evidently been accepted and actually carried out and the sources are silent as to the actuality of evidentiary torture. This study closely examines the evidence of the primary sources and seeks to provide a solution to the aforementioned putative inconsistency. It demonstrates that it is far from certain that Aristotle and Anaximenes referred to the particular type of evidentiary basanos, since closer analysis shows that the shape of this institution is complex and much nuanced. Moreover, the presence in the courts of testimonies elicited by other than evidentiary types of torture, points to the root of the Athenian belief in the reliability of torture. Consequently, it is plausible to suggest that by the time of the Attic orators, evidentiary basanos had become obsolete and its remnant was primarily of rhetorical value.

Вопрос о практике пыток (basanos) невиновных рабов в афинских судах классического периода вызывает разногласия среди исследователей. Поскольку прямые свидетельства об этом в речах аттических ораторов отсутствуют, считается, что древняя практика и теория в этом вопросе существенно расходились. С одной стороны, аттические ораторы выступали как за, так и против практики подобных пыток, а риторическая теория (Аристотелевская Риторика и Риторика к Александру Анаксимена) допускает пытки свидетелей в качестве реальной возможности, своего рода дополнительного свидетельства. С другой стороны, в наших источниках отсутствуют какие-либо свидетельства о реальном применении подобного рода пыток. Детальный анализ источников показывает, что Аристотель и Анаксимен вовсе не обязательно имели в виду именно basanos, понимаемый как пытка свидетелей. Можно, следовательно, предположить, что в работах ораторов классического периода упоминание о пытках является литературным приемом, относящимся к уже устаревшей практике.
About the Lesbian poets, about Hermes, the God of Fertility, and about the Mysteries of Artemis in Ancient Mytilene
Authors: Myakin T.
Published: February 2025

The article finalizes the study of the erotic pre-wedding ritual of the mysteries of Artemis in ancient Mytilene. Comparative analysis of epigraphic, literary and new archaeological data shows that the Sapphic girls during this ritual seem to have sacrificed their virginity to the goddess Artemis (cf. Sapph. Fr. 99 (a-b), Fr. 114 Campbell; SEG XX 717, 84-97; IG XII (2) 255; Ps.-Aeschin. 10 etc.). In this case, the older girls in the course of these mysteries of Artemis seem to have acted as Hermes, the phallic deity of fertility (cf. Sapph. Fr. 141, Fr. 150 Campbell; TAM III/1 35, A1). New archaeological discoveries, made in Klopedi (North Lesbos), also testify in favor of this hypothesis.

Статья завершает исследование эротического ритуала предсвадебных мистерий Артемиды в античной Митилене и его отображения в поэзии Сапфо и Алкея. Девушки-невесты либо новобрачные, проходя посвящение в мистерии Артемиды, приносили в жертву Артемиде свою девственность (ср.: Sapph. Fr. 99 (a-b), Sapph. Fr. 114 Campbell; SEG XX 717, 84-97; IG XII (2) 255; Ps.-Aeschin. 10 и др.). При этом старшие девушки в ходе этого ритуала, по-видимому, выступали в образе Гермеса, фаллического божества плодородия (ср. Sapph. Fr. 141, Sapph. Fr. 150 Campbell; TAM III/1 35, A1). В пользу такой интерпретации свидетельствует сопоставительный анализ данных археологии, эпиграфики и литературной традиции.
The Christ-logos question in Amelius
Authors: ZAMORA CALVO J.M.
Published: February 2025

The main thesis of Christians, according to which Jesus is the divine Logos, the Son of God, is unacceptably illogical for Plotinus closest disciples. The irrationality of Christian doctrine lies in having identified a unique, personal and corporal individual with the divine principle. Such a statement implies identifying God himself with something passive and irrational, which is inadmissible to Amelius and Porphyry. Amelius helps Plotinus to answer the Gnostic Christians attending the school of Plotinus. In his Praeparatio Evangelica (XI.19.1-8) Eusebius refers to Amelius’ comment to the prologue to the Gospel of John. Unlike Numenius, for whom the demiurgic intellect, compared to Zeus, is the second cause of what comes to be, for Amelius, this second cause is the logos, which is the formal cause ( kath’ hon ), the efficient cause ( di’ hou ) and the material cause ( en hôi ) of what comes to be. Amelius links this conception of logos - which is being, life and thought - with Heraclitus ( DK 22 B1) and with the prologue to the Gospel of John. Likewise, Amelius, based on the interpretation of Timaeus (39e7-9), established a triad of the demiurgic intellects (= the three Kings of the apocryphal Second Letter ). In his Neoplatonic rereading, the logos of the beginning of the fourth Gospel has a very similar function to that performed by the world soul. On the one hand, it is the supreme cause of all the things, which come to be, and, on the other hand, redirects its energy towards the superior god from which it comes

Основополагающий христианский тезис, согласно которому Христос - это божественный Логос, сын Бога, выглядел неприемлемо нелогичным в глазах ближайших учеников Плотина. Несуразность христианской доктрины прежде всего состояла в характерной для нее идентификации божественного начала с индивидуальным и телесным персонажем, что превращало божество в нечто пассивное и неразумное. Это было неприемлемо как для критикующего христиан Порфирия, так и для Амелия, который помогал Плотину в его критике христианских гностиков, посещавших школу Плотина. В своем Приготовлении к Евангелию (XI.19.1-8) Евсевий упоминает о комментарии Амелия к Прологу Евангелия от Иоанна. В отличие от Нумения, у которого демиургический ум, сравниваемый с Зевсом, является второй причиной становления, Амелий этой второй причиной считает Логос - в качестве формальной ( kath’ hon ), действующей ( di’ hou ) and материальной ( en hôi ) причин становления. Амелий сопоставляет logos - который является бытием, жизнью и мыслью - с теорией логоса Гераклита ( DK 22 B1) и христианским его толкованием. Кроме того, опираясь на известную интерпретацию Тимея (39e7-9), он вводит триаду демиургических умов (эквивалентную Трем царям апокрифического Второго письма ). Неоплатоническое прочтение Пролога четвертого Евангелия позволяет отвести упоминаемому там Логосу место Мировой души. Как и она, он другой стороны, он является высшей причиной всего сущего, а с другой - направляет свое действие на высшее божество, от которого происходит.
Концепция естественного права: от Платона к Филону
Authors: Светлов Р.В. , Алымова Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Традиционно считается, что идеи, релевантные концепции естественного права, впервые тематизируются в полемике Сократа/Платона против конвенциональной доктрины софистов. Однако Платон полемизирует не только с софистами, но и с текучими, во многом антиномичными, нерефлексивными представлениями о праве рядовых афинян, где смешивались право и сила, право и статус. Апелляция Платона к мифологическому нарративу в ряде мест, где обсуждается тема естественного права, показывает, что и для него концепция всеобщего законодательства имеет гетерогенный и проблемный характер. Мы предполагаем, что именно с этим связано противопоставление Карнеадом естественного права праву позитивному. Цицерон наследует данную стратегию, причем еще более радикализирует ее. В его текстах проповедь идеи естественного права (в ее стоическом варианте) приобретает характер риторического топоса, хорошо понятного читателям. Вместе с тем, Цицерон высказывает сомнения в простой схеме, согласно которой позитивное право выступает особенным выражением права естественного, и ищет наличие особых причин для появления конкретных форм позитивного права.

It is traditionally considered that the ideas relevant to the concept of Natural Law were for the first time articulated in the polemic of Socrates/Plato against the sophistic doctrine of Conventional Law. But Plato was engaged in arguments not only with the Sophists - he also struggled against indefinite, in many respects antinomic, unreflective ideas of law expressed by average Athenians whereby Law and Power, Law and Status were confused. Plato's appeal to the mythological narrative in the places where he discusses the theme of Natural Law makes it clear that even to his mind the concept of Universal Legislation shows its heterogeneous and problematic character. We argue that Carneades' opposition of Natural and Positive Laws owes precisely to this problem. Cicero inherited this strategy and made it even more radical. His preaching of the idea of natural Law (in its Stoic version) becomes in his texts rhetorical topos, which was well known to the readers. Nevertheless Cicero expresses doubts about that simple scheme according to which Positive Law appears a specific representation of Natural Law and tries to trace particular causes, which motivated the concrete forms of positive Law.
Платон, эвиденциализм и JTB
Authors: Бутаков П.А.
Published: February 2025

В литературе часто встречается утверждение о том, что Платоновское определение знания как «истинного мнения с объяснением» совпадает с современным JTB-определением знания как «оправданной истинной веры». Некоторые исследователи возражают против приписывания концепции JTB Платону. Я разбираю три известных аргумента против приравнивания учения Платона к концепции JTB и обосновываю их несостоятельность. Затем я привожу свой аргумент против этого приравнивания. Я утверждаю, что в современной трактовке формулы JTB «вера» понимается в значении не «мнения», а «степени уверенности». В свою очередь, «оправдание» также понимается как относящееся не к самому мнению, а к субъективной степени уверенности. Это утверждение также обосновывается через выявление различия между традиционным и современным пониманием термина evidence. В первом случае evidence - это свойство самой пропозиции, а во втором - это набор доводов в поддержку степени уверенности субъекта. Я заключаю, что Платоновское понимание знания как «истинного мнения, подтвержденного рациональным объяснением» не имеет ничего общего с современным JTB-пониманием знания как «достаточно подкрепленной субъективной степени уверенности в истинности пропозиции».

It is often claimed that Plato's definition of knowledge as “true opinion with an account” is in agreement with the contemporary analysis of knowledge as “justified true belief” (JTB). Some scholars disagree with the attribution of JTB to Plato. I analyze three influential arguments against the assumption of Plato's agreement with JTB, and refute them. Then I provide my own argument against the assumption. I argue that the contemporary interpretation of the JTB formula understands “belief” not in the sense of an “opinion,” but rather of a “degree of confidence.” Accordingly, “justification” is understood not as applying to the opinion itself, but rather to the person having a certain degree of confidence. I support this claim by showing the difference between the traditional and the contemporary understanding of “evidence,” the former referring to a property of the proposition, while the latter meaning the body of reasons, which supports the person's confidence to a certain degree. Thus, I conclude that Plato understands knowledge as “correct opinion validated by a rational explanation,” and it has very little in common with the contemporary understanding of knowledge as “sufficiently supported subjective degree of confidence in the truth of a proposition.”
Гераклид Понтийский. Фрагменты и свидетельства («О болезнях, или О бездыханной», Фр. 82–95 Schütrumpf)
Authors: Афонасин Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Платоник Гераклид Понтийский (ок. 388-310 гг. до н. э.) был известен в античности в качестве автора философских диалогов, в которых (как, впрочем, и в сочинениях иных жанров) он обсуждал такие типично платонические темы, как небесное путешествие души, вопросы, связанные с политикой, литературой и географией. Ему принадлежал ряд работ по астрономии и философии природы, а также философские биографии. Ничего не сохранилось. Настоящая публикация представляет собой комментированный перевод фрагментов одного из самых известных его диалогов «О болезнях, или Бездыханная». Перевод основан на новом издании фрагментов Гераклида Schütrumpf et al. 2008.

Heraclides of Pontus (c. 388-310 BCE), a Platonic philosopher, worked in various literary genres, esp. dialogue. He discussed such typical Platonic topics as the transmigration of the soul, composed philosophical lives, dialogues or treaties about politics, literature, history, geography, etc., and wrote a series of works on astronomy and the philosophy of nature. Nothing is preserved. The present publication contains a collection of the testimonies about Heraclides’ lost dialogue On diseases, or the one without breath (Apnous). The evidences are translated and numbered according to a new edition by Schütrumpf et al. 2008.
Платонизм и нормативизм: историко-философская реконструкция
Authors: Дидикин А.Б.
Published: February 2025

В краткой заметке автор рассматривает серию работ Ганса Кельзена, посвященных античной политической теории, в особенности его сочинение «Платоническая справедливость», полагая, что эти сравнительно малоизвестные небольшие работы знаменитого философа права все еще могут представлять интерес для антиковедов и историков философии

In a short note, the author outlines a series of Hans Kelsen’s studies dedicated to Ancient political thought, esp. his Platonic Justice. He believes that these relatively neglected minor studies of the famous philosopher of law could still be of interest to contemporary classicists and the historians of philosophy.
Космология и политика в поздних работах Платона
Authors: Афонасина А.С.
Published: February 2025

Размышления о книге: O’Meara, D. Cosmology and politics in Plato’s later works. Cambridge, 2017.

Reflections on the book: O’Meara, D. Cosmology and politics in Plato’s later works. Cambridge, 2017
Mechanisms of national security post-pandemic recovery
Authors: Vysochyna Alina , Puhovkina Yuliia
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a critical review of pre-pandemic instruments and mechanisms for ensuring national security to identify drivers and inhibitors that determine the sensitivity of social, environmental and economic perspectives of national security to shocks, such as a pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify internal determinants (among individual indicators of economic, social and environmental security) and external drivers and inhibitors (among parameters of good governance) which act as relevant impacts on the resilience of national security of the studied European countries in the context of global turbulence (such as the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic), as well as to formalize the most effective mechanisms and instruments of state interventions by the corresponding external and internal impacts. The algorithm for implementing the research goal involves the implementation of the following steps: 1) selection of indicators for quantitative assessment of the economic, social and environmental security of the state; 2) bringing individual indicators to a comparable form using the Savage formula and natural normalization; 3) integrating indicators into indices of economic, social and environmental security of the state through a complex combination of the principal components analysis, the Fishburne formula and additive-multiplicative convolution; 4) identifying cause-and-effect relationships between integral levels of economic, social and environmental security of the state and indicators of good governance using panel data regression modelling; 5) qualitative interpretation of the results obtained and formalization of mechanisms and instruments of state interventions that contribute to strengthening the relevant performance indicators. Empirical realization research was carried out on a sample of 34 European countries. Period of observation – 2000-2022 (or the latest available period). It was found that economic security is internally conditioned by GDP per capita growth and increased reserves in months of import and externally dependent on the quality of regulation. Such internal impacts as a reduction of the Gini index and an increase in secondary school enrolment determine the state’s social security. It is also externally caused by the growth of regulatory quality and the rule of law. Environmental security mainly depends on internal determinants such as CO2 emissions and renewable energy share in total energy production, and it is externally conditioned by the growth of the rule of law. For each identified internal and external impact, relevant tools of state interventions are formalized.
Modern digital practices for sustainable development: analysis of world experience
Authors: Tiutiunyk Inna , Chygryn Olena , Khomenko Liliia
Published: February 2025

Digital technologies are critical in ensuring sustainable development, contributing to economic growth, social equality and environmental security. The article reviews modern digital practices and their impact on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and also analyses international experience in applying innovative technologies in various spheres of society. The study assesses the role of artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain and financial technologies in shaping sustainable economic models and improving resource management. In particular, the impact of digital financial technologies on expanding access to banking services and lending for vulnerable population groups is highlighted, contributing to economic inclusion. The development of e-commerce and digital platforms allows small businesses to enter global markets, which positively impacts the competitiveness of economies. The environmental aspect of digitalisation includes the development of “smart” cities, the implementation of IoT solutions for environmental monitoring and efficient management of energy resources. Digital environmental platforms facilitate monitoring of air, water and soil pollution and help automate waste management processes. The use of blockchain in tracking supply chains allows for transparency of business processes, promoting enterprises’ environmental responsibility. The social aspect of digital transformation includes improving access to quality education through online courses, digital platforms and adaptive learning based on artificial intelligence. Such technologies allow for personalisation of the educational process, making it more effective and accessible to the general public. An analysis of the European Union’s financial investments in digital transformation indicates a significant level of funding for the development of artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, cloud computing and digital infrastructure. At the same time, the article considers key challenges of digitalisation, including the growth of digital inequality, cybersecurity issues, the need to regulate artificial intelligence and the problems of e-waste management. The article also presents recommendations for the effective use of digital technologies for sustainable development. The study results can shape digital transformation strategies that promote balanced economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social equality.
Effects of Pueraria montana and Melastoma dodecandrum Intercropping on Soil and Tea Plant Growth in Terraced Tea Gardens: A Sustainable Agricultural Practice
Authors: Shi Lingshan , Li Dongliang , Shao Shuaibo , Feng Fajie , Li Qisong , Zeng Fanfan , Shi Lingyuan , Zhang Jianming , Hong Yongcong , Cai Pumo
Published: February 2025

Tea, a predominant economic crop in China, often thrives on terraced fields, but the long-term monoculture practiced in these terraced tea gardens has led to soil degradation, adversely affecting tea tree growth. Intercropping offers a sustainable solution, but its specific effects on soil and tea trees remain unclear. This study investigated the complex interactions between soil microorganisms, soil, and tea trees in two intercropping systems: tea/Pueraria montana var. culaishanensis (HWT) and tea/Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (YP). The results showed that both intercropping modes significantly improved bud density, hundred-bud weight, and yield, thereby promoting tea tree growth. HWT significantly increased soil porosity, organic matter, available N, and available P in tea garden soils, while YP significantly increased soil porosity, organic matter, available P, and available K, all of which improved soil conditions. Both intercropping modes also affected the diversity and richness of bacterial communities and the community structure at the phylum level. Microbial co-occurrence network and topological characteristics analysis further indicated that the soil microbial community structure under intercropping was more intricate and tightly connected. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that beneficial microbial groups were significantly higher under both intercropping modes compared with monoculture tea plantations. Moreover, both intercropping modes promoted the C and N cycles in the soil, significantly enhancing microbial functions related to cellulolysis. In conclusion, both intercropping modes can promote tea tree growth, improve soil physical and chemical properties in tea gardens, increase beneficial microbial groups, and positively affect soil microbial community structure and function. However, HWT has a greater impact on functional microorganisms related to C and N cycles, especially N cycling. Therefore, intercropping with suitable slope-protection crops provides a potential solution for the sustainable development of terraced tea gardens, offering strong support for the construction of green and environmentally friendly tea gardens.
Impact of Seasonal Temperature Changes on Sesquiterpene Lactone and Sugar Concentrations in Hydroponically Grown Lettuce
Authors: McLemore Mason , Kathi Shivani , Unterschuetz John , Mason Tyler , Maness Niels , Chrz Donna , Dunn Bruce , Fontanier Charles , Hu Bizhen
Published: February 2025

Lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables in the United States, and it is subjected to a decrease in edible quality when cultivated in environments with hot temperatures and increased daylength. Specifically, bitter-tasting compounds called sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) accumulate in certain cultivars and lettuce market types, especially during the bolting stage. However, increased sugar accumulation may offset bitterness, with high sugar:SL ratios reducing the bitter flavor perception. Hence, it is important to determine the effect of seasonal temperatures on sugar, SL, and sugar:SL accumulation in lettuce cultivars to predict the likelihood of perceived bitterness. Twelve cultivars spread across four different commonly grown market types (i.e., Romaine, Butterhead, Batavian, and Salanova®) were grown for four harvest seasons (Spring 2020, Fall 2020, early Summer 2021, and Winter 2021) in nutrient flow technique hydroponic culture. Lettuces exhibited significant differences in harvest seasons, cultivar, and their interaction for free SLs and total SLs, sucrose, and sugar:SL ratio. Specifically, plant fresh weight and total SLs were greatest in Spring 2020 and Fall 2020, respectively, and lowest in Winter 2021. Total sugars were the same between harvests, and Winter 2021 had a significantly lower sugar:SL ratio than that of the other three harvests. Cultivars included in this study within romaine (Parris Island, Jericho, and Coastal Star) and Batavian market types (Nevada and Sierra, but excluding Cherokee) emerged as top candidates to grow during the summer heat because of the higher plant weights, sugar concentrations, and lower sugar:SL ratio, as well as decreased SL concentrations. Overall, SL and sugar concentrations were notably low in the Winter 2021 harvest season for all cultivars and market types. Growers can optimize their production and ensure better plant yield and quality by strategically choosing lettuce market types and cultivars that have better plant growth and predicted flavor for different seasons in a greenhouse.
On the Lack of Morphological Response to Far-red at High and Low Photon Flux in Spinach
Authors: Skabelund Hikari Ai , Langenfeld Noah James , Bugbee Bruce
Published: February 2025

An increasing far-red (FR; 700–750 nm) photon fraction typically triggers shade-avoidant responses such as leaf expansion, but previous work in lettuce has indicated that this occurs only at a higher extended photosynthetic photon flux density (ePPFD; 400–750 nm). We report the interaction between the FR photon fraction and ePPFD in spinach. We grew spinach in growth chambers under ePPFDs of 100, 200, and 500 µmol·m–2·s–1, each with an FR photon fraction of 0.03, 0.10, 0.17, or 0.33. Recent studies have demonstrated the photosynthetic value of FR photons, which makes it important to include these in the definition of photosynthetic photons. We thus substituted FR photons for shorter wavelength photons to keep photosynthetic photons (ePPFD) constant among treatments. As expected, leaf area and dry mass increased with increasing ePPFD; but, surprisingly, there was no effect of an increasing FR photon fraction on leaf area, regardless of ePPFD. These results show that FR photons are equivalent to shorter wavelength photons in spinach; but, unlike lettuce, an increasing FR fraction did not increase leaf area.
Effect of heat treatment time on mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Aghdam Milad Zolfipour , Rouholamini Amir Reza
Published: February 2025

The object of research: Ti-6Al-4V is a two-phase alloy characterized by an hcp (hexagonal close-packed) structure known as the α-phase and a bcc (body-centered cubic) structure known as the β-phase. At room temperature, this alloy primarily consists of the α-phase, but heat treatment can convert this dominant phase to the β-phase, especially at temperatures exceeding 800 °C.
Investigated problem: The current study aims to investigate the effect of heat treatment time on the mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V, particularly for short treatment durations. A total of 12 specimens were subjected to heat treatment for 10, 20, and 40 minutes at temperatures of 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C, followed by water quenching. The small punch test was then employed to assess the mechanical properties of the treated specimens.
The main scientific results: The results indicated that at 850 °C and 900 °C, increasing the heat treatment time led to a slight enhancement in mechanical properties. Notably, when the specimens were heated at 950 °C for 10 minutes, a significant improvement in mechanical properties was observed. However, extending the heat treatment to 20 and 40 minutes at this temperature resulted in a deterioration of these properties. A similar detrimental effect was noted for all durations when the specimens were treated at 1000 °C.
The area of practical use of the research results: According to this results heat treatment time is crucially important and components without a well heat treatment should not be used for industrial purposes.
Innovative technological product: The study results are crucial for designers to optimize industrial component design. Utilizing these findings, various sensors can also be developed for numerous applications.
Scope of the innovative technological product: This study is beneficial for mechanics, electronics engineers, and relevant companies.
Development of an algorithm for identifying faulty parts of a chemical-technological system using mechanical analogies
Authors: Aouati Mourad
Published: February 2025

The object of research: a conventional chemical-technological system in which the subsequent process unit is fed with a product that is the output of the previous process unit.
Investigated problem: identifying a section of the chemical-technological system where a failure occurred, as a result of which the quality of the output product does not meet the requirements.
The main scientific results: it is proposed to use mechanical analogies to determine the feature factors and subsequent parametric classification - the speed and acceleration of processes determined in the path function or through generalized coordinates using Lamé functions. This allows eliminating potentially uncontrolled parameters of input products that can lead to deviations in the quality of the output product, i.e. at the output of the primary unit, which affects either the quality of the output product of the subsequent unit or its functioning.
The area of practical use of the results of the study: technological processes of industrial chemical production.
Innovative technological product: an algorithm for identifying parts of the chemical-technological system that are responsible for the destruction, which leads to the improvement of the viability of the output product.
The scope of the innovative technological product: support systems for making decisions.
Codebase release 1.2 for YASTN
Authors: Rams Marek , Wojtowicz Gabriela , Sinha Aritra , Hasik Juraj
Published: February 2025

We present an open-source tensor network Python library for quantum many-body simulations. At its core is an Abelian-symmetric tensor, implemented as a sparse block structure managed by a logical layer on top of a dense multidimensional array backend. This serves as the basis for higher-level tensor network algorithms operating on matrix product states and projected entangled pair states. An appropriate backend, such as PyTorch, gives direct access to automatic differentiation (AD) for cost-function gradient calculations and execution on GPU and other supported accelerators. We show the library performance in simulations with infinite projected entangled-pair states, such as finding the ground states with AD and simulating thermal states of the Hubbard model via imaginary time evolution. For these challenging examples, we identify and quantify sources of the numerical advantage exploited by the symmetric-tensor implementation.
STRUCTURAL COMPLEXATION OF SARS-COV-2 SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF NATURAL TERPENES
Authors:   Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil., Chaves Gondim Vieira Natalia , Eufrasio Vieira-Neto Antonio ,   Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil., Moreira Paz-Junior Ubirajara ,   Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Vinicius Leite de Souza Paulo ,   Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Ernani Alves Magalhaes Francisco ,   Department of Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Rolim Campos Adriana ,   Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil., Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro-Moreira Ana ,   Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Published: February 2025

Compounds exhibiting potent antiviral activity against the novel coronavirus remain insufficiently understood, posing significant challenges in the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Among various classes of bioactive molecules, terpenes represent a promising group of natural compounds with diverse and extensive antiviral properties. This study aims to explore, through advanced in silico approaches, the antiviral potential of four specific terpenes-ÃŽÂ±-bisabolol, citral, cis-jasmone, and eucalyptol-against the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. To this end, molecular docking simulations were employed to assess the interaction between these terpenes and the spike protein, with the goal of determining the capacity of these compounds to form stable complexes that might interfere with the viral entry process. The results from this computational analysis, encompassing chemical, spatial, and energetic data, indicate that these four terpenes possess the ability to bind effectively to the spike glycoprotein, thereby potentially stabilizing this crucial protein. Such stabilization could impair the viruss ability to interact with host cell receptors, providing a molecular mechanism by which these terpenes may hinder viral entry. These findings support the hypothesis that the complexation of terpenes with the spike glycoprotein serves as a promising strategy to obstruct the viruss capacity to invade host cells, offering valuable insights for the design of novel antiviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2.
INFLUENCE OF ESG FACTORS ON SALARIED EMPLOYEES INVESTMENT CHOICES: PERCEPTIONS, BARRIERS, AND MOTIVATIONS
Authors:   M.Com, M.Phil, MBA, M.A (Pub.Adm) M.Phil, Ph.D,Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan Univerisy), Tiruchy - 620022, Tamilnadu, India., I. Narsis , G. Mageshwari ,   M.Com.M.Phil, Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan Univerisy), Tiruchy - 620022, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: February 2025

Objective:The objective of this study is to examine the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on the investment decisions of salaried employees. The increasing significance of sustainable investing necessitates an understanding of salaried employees awareness, perceptions, and behaviours concerning ESG integration in financial decisions. This study examines the willingness to adopt ESG-focused investments, the motivations influencing these decisions, and the obstacles impeding ESG adoption. The findings offer insights into the influence of sustainability considerations on financial decision-making and the alignment of ESG factors with employees investment objectives.

Methodology: Exploratory and analytical research methods were utilised in combination. Data were collected via convenience sampling utilising Google Forms, focussing on salaried employees across various industries. The questionnaire comprised demographic information and Likert scale assessments to evaluate awareness, preferences, motivations, and barriers associated with ESG investment. The data collected underwent analysis through statistical methods, particularly regression analysis, to investigate the relationships among ESG awareness, investment allocation, and financial outcomes.

Findings:The study indicates that although a majority of salaried employees demonstrate moderate to high awareness of ESG factors, this awareness does not consistently result in a pronounced preference for ESG-oriented investment products. Primary motivations for ESG investing encompass alignment with personal values and anticipated long-term financial advantages however, apprehensions regarding financial trade-offs and insufficient knowledge of ESG investments serve as obstacles. Employees that allocate a greater share of their portfolios to ESG investments generally prioritise sustainability factors and report improved financial and non-financial results. The findings underscore the intricacies of ESG investment choices and the necessity for improved awareness and accessibility of sustainable investment options.
Applying the Goal Framing Theory to investigate purchase intention towards eco-friendly hotels
Authors: Hao Hoang Van , Phuong Nga Nguyen Thi , Quang Phan Duy
Published: February 2025

Extensive research in the hospitality sector has investigated the numerous factors influencing consumers’ green consumption behavior in various countries. However, there is a limited number of studies that apply the Goal Framing Theory (GFT) to explain eco-friendly behavior. This study aims to identify the key determinants of purchase intention towards eco-friendly hotels using GFT. The analysis focuses on the specific context of Vietnam, a nation undergoing economic transition. The study’s empirical basis is built upon a substantial dataset collected from a representative sample of Vietnamese hotel customers (N=524), which underwent stringent statistical analysis using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The study results reveal that gain motivation has the strongest impact on customers’ willingness to buy from environmentally friendly hotels (β = 0.392), followed by hedonic motivation (β = 0.358), and lastly by normative motivation (β = 0.104). Furthermore, the research sheds light on the mediating roles of normative and hedonic motivation on the relationship between gain motivation and purchase intention. Remarkably, hedonic motivation also emerges as a mediator in the relationship between normative motivation and purchase intention. The insights gleaned from the research findings are distilled into both theoretical and practical implications, proffering valuable guidance for stakeholders in the hospitality domain.
RENEWABLE HYDROCARBONS OBTAINED BY CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF Jatropha curcas L. OIL
Authors: M. Guedes Jesyka , G. V. Garcia Kaio , M. de M. Araújo Aruzza , D. Gondim Adriana Amanda , R. D. Fernandes Fernando , Batista dos Santos Adriana Paula , P. da S. Caldeira Vinícius , S. dos Santos Hélcio , G. D. Santos Anne
Published: February 2025

The growing global demand for energy and environmental concerns have driven the search for renewable fuel sources. This study investigated the production of renewable hydrocarbons through the catalytic pyrolysis of Jatropha curcas L. oil, using the mesoporous material KIT-6 impregnated with cobalt oxide (Co3O4) as the catalyst. The catalysts were characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XDR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and textural analysis. The catalytic cracking study was carried out through thermogravimetry and analytical pyrolysis. The mesoporous structure of KIT-6 was preserved after impregnation, although there was a reduction in surface area and total pore volume. The pyrolysis tests showed that Co/KIT-6 reduced the reaction temperature, favoring the formation of hydrocarbons in the C10-C18 range, suitable for biofuels such as biokerosene and green diesel. Compared to the thermal process, the use of the catalyst significantly increased the production of hydrocarbons while reducing the formation of undesirable oxygenated compounds. It is concluded that Co/KIT-6 is a promising catalyst for the sustainable production of biofuels from vegetable oils.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Marketing: A Theoretical Perspective on Modern Marketing Processes
Authors: Bartelt Cedric
Published: February 2025

[M. Runia, P., Wahl, F., Geyer, O. & Thewißen, C. (2019). Marketing: Prozess- und praxisorientierte Grundlagen. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter Oldenbourg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110584677]
Prediction of the bedload transport rate in vegetated rivers based on turbulent kinetic energy
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Lu Yu , Wang Wen , Li Zhanbin , Li Peng , Guo Mengjing , Yu Kunxia , Wang Huilin
Published: February 2025

Aquatic vegetated habitats are disappearing rapidly, and restoration projects are crucial for maintaining their ecological functions. The success of these projects hinges on the ability to retain sediment, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of sediment transport in vegetated areas. Therefore, this study builds a model based on the flow turbulent kinetic energy near the riverbed to predict bedload transport. The turbulent kinetic energy in the model comprises turbulent terms generated by the riverbed and vegetation, which can be further divided into a shear turbulent term induced by the velocity difference and a stem turbulent term induced by the vegetation stem. The experimental data confirmed that turbulent kinetic energy can predict the bedload transport rate more effectively than bed shear stress. The average relative error of the predicted bedload transport based on bed shear stress was within 632%, and the average relative error of the predicted value based on turbulent kinetic energy was within 97%. When the dimensionless submerged vegetation density was less than a threshold, the bedload transport rate increased with increasing vegetation density. These findings yield crucial insights into the interaction mechanisms among vegetation, flow, and sediment and provide a promising direction for predicting sediment transport in the future.
Development and evaluation of L-THIA sub-daily flow and water quality prediction model
Authors: Lee Gwanjae , Lee Seoro , Lim Kyoung Jae
Published: February 2025

This study presents the development and evaluation of the L-THIA sub-daily flow/water quality (WQ) model for predicting hourly flow and WQ. The curve number for Green–Ampt (CN4GA) method was enhanced by integrating an asymptotic curve number (CN) approach and optimizing effective hydraulic conductivity (Keff) to calculate sub-daily surface runoff. The model is linked with baseflow, channel routing, and WQ modules for comprehensive hydrological simulations. Performance was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). For flow calibration, the model achieved R2 values of 0.69 and 0.61, NSE values of 0.65 and 0.61, and PBIAS values of −4.0 and 7.3 for the Bokha and Gap River watersheds, respectively. The model accurately predicted peak runoff during rainfall events. For WQ, R2 values ranged from 0.73 to 0.84 for total phosphorus (T-P) and suspended solids (SS), with NSE values between 0.59 and 0.74, indicating satisfactory performance. Discrepancies in simulating T-P and SS in the Bokha River, particularly in spring, may be due to unaccounted pollutant sources. Despite these limitations, the developed model, compatible with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), shows promise as an effective tool for evaluating point and non-point source pollution in watersheds.
Introduction to Glycals
Authors: Tiwari Bindu , Maheshwari Mittali , Hussain Altaf , Pandey Ram Pratap , Hussain Nazar
Published: February 2025

Glycals are 1,2-unsaturated sugars having a C=C bond between C-1 and C-2
of the pyranose or furanose moieties of the carbohydrate scaffold. The presence of a
C=C bond leads to enhanced reactivity. They are used as chiral building blocks in the
synthesis of various natural products and medicinally significant molecules. There are
numerous methods for the synthesis of exo-glycals and endo-glycals, such as
glycosidations, reagent-based methods, and electrochemical methods. Glycals have
shown their versatility and applicability in chemical synthesis in many ways e.g.,
epoxidation, cycloaddition, and formation of various glycosides like C-glycosides, Oglycosides, N-glycosides. They have also been employed in the synthesis of many
biologically relevant natural products as starting materials.