bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial outcomes with the Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System in caregivers of very young children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: MacLeish Sarah A. , Hood Korey K. , Polonsky William H. , Wood Jamie R. , Bode Bruce W. , Forlenza Gregory P. , Laffel Lori M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Criego Amy B. , Schoelwer Melissa J. , DeSalvo Daniel J. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Hansen David W. , Conroy Lindsey R. , Huyett Lauren M. , Vienneau Todd E. , Ly Trang T. ,   for the Omnipod 5 in Preschoolers Study Group
Published: November 2024

Aim

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have demonstrated improved glycaemic outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet limited data exist on these systems in very young children and their impact on caregivers. We evaluated psychosocial outcomes following use of the tubeless Omnipod® 5 AID System in caregivers of very young children.

Materials and Methods

This 3‐month single‐arm, multicentre, pivotal clinical trial enrolled 80 children aged 2.0–5.9 years with T1D to use the Omnipod 5 AID System. Caregivers completed questionnaires assessing psychosocial outcomes—diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes), hypoglycaemia confidence (Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale), well‐being (World Health Organization 5 Well‐Being Index), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), insulin delivery satisfaction (Insulin Delivery Satisfaction Survey) and system usability (System Usability Scale) at baseline with standard therapy and after 3 months of AID use.

Results

Following 3 months of Omnipod 5 use, caregivers experienced significant improvements across all measures, including diabetes‐related psychosocial outcomes (Problem Areas in Diabetes; p < 0.0001, Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale; p < 0.01), well‐being (World Health Organization 5 Well‐Being Index; p < 0.0001) and perceived system usability (System Usability Scale; p < 0.0001). Significant improvements were seen in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score and the overall sleep quality, sleep duration and efficiency subscales (all p < 0.05). Insulin Delivery Satisfaction Survey scores improved on all subscales (greater satisfaction, reduced burden and reduced inconvenience; all p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Caregivers face unique challenges when managing T1D in very young children. While glycaemic metrics have unquestioned importance, these results evaluating psychosocial outcomes reveal additional meaningful benefits and suggest that the Omnipod 5 AID System alleviates some of the burdens caregivers face with diabetes management.
Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography as an Effective Screening Tool for Cardiac Involvement Among Patients With Systemic Sarcoidosis in an Indian Cohort: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Areekkara Poduvattil Prasanth , Hashim Zia , Kumar Sudeep , Jain Neeraj , Ora Manish , Gambhir Sanjay , Gupta Mansi , Khan Ajmal , Nath Alok , Agrawal Vinita
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is challenging due to the lack of a sensitive gold standard diagnostic test. Although advanced imaging techniques like cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (cardiovascular magnetic resonance [CMR]) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) CT are promising, they are limited by their availability and cost. Two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) is emerging as a valuable tool for the early detection of CS.

Methods

This single‐center observational study assessed cardiac involvement and the utility of STE as a screening tool for diagnosing CS among newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, treatment‐naïve patients with systemic sarcoidosis in an Indian cohort.

Results

The study included 48 newly diagnosed sarcoidosis patients with a median age of 42.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 34–53.5), of whom 52.1% were female. FDG‐PET CT findings suggested cardiac involvement in 21 patients, while CMR findings were positive in 11 patients. All patients had normal 12‐lead ECGs and echocardiograms. Twenty‐five patients met the HRS 2014 criteria for CS diagnosis. The median (IQR) left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) was −15.4 (−16.2, −13.4) in the probable CS group and −17.9 (−19.4, −17.4) in the non‐CS group. An LV GLS cutoff of >−17.3 showed a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 82.61% (p < 0.001, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.790) for CS diagnosis. A right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) cutoff of >−21.4 showed a sensitivity of 68.00% and a specificity of 78.26% (p < 0.017, AUC = 0.692). They both have very high negative predictive value (98.7% and 97.9%) and thus useful for ruling out the cardiac involvement than confirming it.

Conclusion

STE effectively screens for cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis patients, ruling out CS diagnosis.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Searching the Strongest Imaging Modality in Different Scenarios
Authors: Rocco Mollace , Flavia Nicoli , Margherita Licastro , Monaco Maria Lo , Collaku Elona , Nudi Alessandro , Gad Alessandro , Procopio Cristina , Ioppolo Annamaria , Bertella Erika
Published: November 2024

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a clinical condition very diffuse in many different settings. Often the diagnosis can be very tricky, and choosing the proper diagnostic strategy can be fundamental for reaching the goal. The aim of this review is to evaluate the properties and the feasibility of our tests in specific scenarios by looking at the performances of each methodology reported in the literature.
Radiocarbon ageing of Indigenous culturally‐significant trees for bushfire management on Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island), southeast Queensland
Authors: Ngugi Michael R. , Hua Quan , Knight Jon , Dowling Ralph , Kington David , Burns Darren
Published: November 2024

Partnerships between Indigenous People and governments for joint management of ancestral lands, designated as protected conservation areas for biodiversity and cultural heritage, provide an opportunity to leverage accumulated traditional land management knowledge with emerging science. In Australia, veteran or large old trees in natural landscapes are of significant ecological importance, and among the Indigenous communities, they are living monuments to historical cultural practices, but their survival, endurance and long lives are rarely acknowledged to afford them protection. In sub‐tropical Australia, the lack of consistent annual growth rings in stem wood makes it difficult to estimate the age of large trees using methods such as the periodic diameter increment. Ngugi et al., 2020 published radiocarbon (14C) dates using wood core (‘pith‐wood’) samples from 12 Indigenous culturally‐significant trees covering five species on Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island). Due to the imprecise calendar age results of the single samples used in the original study (Ngugi et al., 2020), subsequent radiocarbon dating of an additional three wood core samples from each tree was undertaken to age the trees more precisely. The revised tree ages ranged from 63 to 531 years and suggest an important role of past Indigenous land management practices into protecting Bugari (Cypress Pine, Callitris columellaris F. Muell.) from deadly crown scorching fires. These results underscore the importance of incorporating Indigenous practices in current fire management strategies and plans. Estimating tree ages based on the periodic diameter increment method overestimated the age relative to that derived from radiocarbon dating. New bias correction factors were developed for adjusting the recorded periodic tree diameter increments.
Machine learning for forecasting initial seizure onset in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Bernardo Danilo , Kim Jonathan , Cornet Marie‐Coralie , Numis Adam L. , Scheffler Aaron , Rao Vikram R. , Amorim Edilberto , Glass Hannah C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study was undertaken to develop a machine learning (ML) model to forecast initial seizure onset in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) utilizing clinical and quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) features.

Methods

We developed a gradient boosting ML model (Neo‐GB) that utilizes clinical features and QEEG to forecast time‐dependent seizure risk. Clinical variables included cord blood gas values, Apgar scores, gestational age at birth, postmenstrual age (PMA), postnatal age, and birth weight. QEEG features included statistical moments, spectral power, and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) features. We trained and evaluated Neo‐GB on a University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) neonatal HIE dataset, augmenting training with publicly available neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets from Cork University and Helsinki University Hospitals. We assessed the performance of Neo‐GB at providing dynamic and static forecasts with diagnostic performance metrics and incident/dynamic area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (iAUC) analyses. Model explanations were performed to assess contributions of QEEG features and channels to model predictions.

Results

The UCSF dataset included 60 neonates with HIE (30 with seizures). In subject‐level static forecasting at 30 min after EEG initiation, baseline Neo‐GB without time‐dependent features had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of .76 and Neo‐GB with time‐dependent features had an AUROC of .89. In time‐dependent evaluation of the initial seizure onset within a 24‐h seizure occurrence period, dynamic forecast with Neo‐GB demonstrated median iAUC = .79 (interquartile range [IQR] .75–.82) and concordance index (C‐index) = .82, whereas baseline static forecast at 30 min demonstrated median iAUC = .75 (IQR .72–.76) and C‐index = .69. Model explanation analysis revealed that spectral power, PMA, RQA, and cord blood gas values made the strongest contributions in driving Neo‐GB predictions. Within the most influential EEG channels, as the preictal period advanced toward eventual seizure, there was an upward trend in broadband spectral power.

Significance

This study demonstrates an ML model that combines QEEG with clinical features to forecast time‐dependent risk of initial seizure onset in neonatal HIE. Spectral power evolution is an early EEG marker of seizure risk in neonatal HIE.
NEDD4L Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Keloid Fibroblasts by Regulating YY1 Ubiquitination‐Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Jin Jun , Wang Kai , Lu Chenxi , Yao Chenghao , Xie Feng
Published: November 2024

Keloid scarring is a complex fibroproliferative disorder characterised by excessive fibroblast proliferation. Inhibition of cellular glycolysis effectively suppresses the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4‐like (NEDD4L), a ubiquitin ligase, regulates cell proliferation in different diseases. This study investigated the effects of NEDD4L on glucose metabolism, proliferation and migration in KFs. Primary KFs were isolated from keloid skin tissues obtained from patients with active‐stage keloids. Cell transfection was used to upregulate or downregulate NEDD4L and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in KFs. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The viability, proliferative capacity and migration ability of KFs were evaluated using the MTT method and the EdU and wound healing assays, respectively. The regulatory effect of NEDD4L on YY1 ubiquitination was examined by coimmunoprecipitation. The interaction between YY1 and hexokinase 2 (HK2) was confirmed by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. NEDD4L was downregulated, whereas YY1 and HK2 were highly expressed in keloid tissues compared with normal skin. Overexpression of NEDD4L inhibited the proliferation and migration of KFs. NEDD4L promoted YY1 degradation in KFs by inducing its ubiquitination. Upregulation of YY1 induced glucose consumption and lactate production in KFs via the transcriptional regulation of HK2. Increased expression of YY1 reversed the reduced viability, proliferation, and migration of KFs overexpressing NEDD4L. YY1 also reversed the NEDD4L‐induced inhibition of glucose consumption and lactate production in KFs. Additionally, an in vivo study confirmed the inhibitory roles of NEDD4L overexpression and YY1 knockdown in keloid formation. NEDD4L suppressed the viability, proliferation and migration of KFs by regulating YY1 ubiquitination‐mediated glycolysis through HK2. These findings suggest a novel regulatory axis, NEDD4L/YY1/HK2, that mediates glucose metabolism in keloid formation.
A Two‐Scale Model of Fretting Fatigue Crack Initiation Life Based on Long Short‐Term Memory Networks Improved by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Xu Yazhou , Wu Yue , Yuan Fang , Feng Yangmin , Hao Bin
Published: November 2024

Fretting fatigue is a common engineering failure phenomenon, often resulting in a shorter lifespan compared to plain fatigue. To consider the interaction between different scales, this study proposes a fully coupled two‐scale model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and the crystal plastic finite element method (CPFEM) for the fretting fatigue crack initiation. Furthermore, the life data series are generated by employing feature engineering and long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks optimized with a genetic algorithm, ensuring the minimization of redundancy. Additionally, the genetic algorithm, enhanced by the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, was used to optimize the hyperparameters of the LSTM network. Simulation results indicate that the two‐scale model offers improved accuracy in predicting crack initiation life and provides physical information of crack initiation from different scales simultaneously.
Decline in Coupling Between Vegetation Photosynthesis and Greening in Northern Ecosystems During the Photosynthesis‐Up Period
Authors: Liu Duqi , Xu Zhen
Published: November 2024

The maximum seasonal vegetation photosynthesis (Phomax) is crucial to regulating the global carbon dynamics. Of particular importance are the seasonal increments in vegetation photosynthesis (ΔPho), which provide key insights into understanding Phomax. However, the interannual variability of ΔPho within the photosynthesis‐up period (PUP) and its influencing factors remain unclear. To address this gap, we identified PUP and quantified the multi‐year characteristics of ΔPho using satellite‐derived solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence. We further investigated the response of ΔPho in northern ecosystems to climate change and vegetation greening by integrating climate data and the normalized difference vegetation index. In the northern ecosystems, longer PUP often spatially correlated with a higher ΔPho. An increasing trend was evident regarding the multi‐year variations in ΔPho, suggesting enhanced vegetation photosynthesis within the PUP. This phenomenon is primarily driven by increased solar radiation and intensified vegetation greening. Additionally, based on the results derived from satellite data, we found three pieces of evidence for the decoupling trend between vegetation photosynthesis and greening under the influence of climate change: first, the inconsistent trends between ΔPho and greening; second, the declining moving trend in the correlation coefficient between ΔPho and greening, approximately 9.17 × 10−4; and third, the weakened dominant role of greening on ΔPho. These findings were further supported by results from ecosystem model simulations. In summary, this study provides insights into the interannual variability of ΔPho and its influencing factors and indicates that vegetation dynamics and terrestrial carbon cycle are likely to become more complex under future climate change scenarios.
Outcome Domains of Professional Doctorates in Nursing: An International Three‐Phase Exploratory Study
Authors: McBride‐Henry Karen , Butcher Dan , Jukema Jan S. , Händler‐Schuster Daniela
Published: November 2024

Aim

Professional Doctorate Programmes (PDP) in nursing continue to develop across many countries. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the impact on nurses who graduate from these programmes and the outcomes they deliver. This exploratory study aims to identify graduate outcome domains that can be applied internationally to evaluate professional doctorate programmes in nursing.

Design and Methods

Underpinned by Kim's theory of knowledge development in nursing, this innovative exploratory study was carried out in three phases: (1) a scoping review of literature published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2023, guided by the methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley; (2) a document analysis of the graduate outcomes of three different universities' Professional Doctorate Programmes in Nursing and (3) a thematic analysis and coalescence of the findings from the initial two study phases.

Results

A scoping review revealed three patterns in the literature related to graduate outcomes: personal transformation, critical self‐awareness and bridging the theory–practice divide. An analysis of three universities' Professional Doctorate Programmes revealed insights into documented graduate outcomes. The third and final research phase identified five graduate outcome domains: Personal achievement, critical self‐awareness and professional identity, professional citizenship, discipline, research and information literacy and community‐based academic practice.

Conclusions

The impact of Professional Doctorate Programmes in nursing has traditionally lacked consensus and clarity. However, this research has led to the identification of graduate outcome domains that offer valuable insights for establishing new professional doctoral programmes and conducting meaningful evaluations of the outcomes of existing PDP and their graduates globally.

Impact

This exploratory study establishes five graduate outcome domains for evaluating the effectiveness of PDP in nursing internationally. These domains offer valuable benchmarks for the development and assessment of such nursing programmes globally.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Adolescent Chlamydia Screening in Pediatric Primary Care: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Foppert Leigh , Bowles Wendy , Belardo Haley , Zeno Rosie , Hosley Stephanie , Wood Sarah
Published: November 2024

Aim

To increase Chlamydia trachomatis screening in adolescents 15–19 years of age from 7.8% to 15% following a 6‐week implementation of universal chlamydia screening at three paediatric primary care (PPC) sites.

Methods

Pre‐implementation (1 January 2022–19 October 2022) and post‐implementation (20 October 2022–1 June 2023) screening rates were tracked through run charts and compared via Chi‐square testing. Universal opt‐out chlamydia screening with universal urine collection for 15‐ to 19‐year‐old was implemented at well visits, along with patient and staff education, and sexually transmitted infection treatment protocols.

Results

Chlamydia trachomatis screening increased from 7.8% to 34.1% with implementation of universal opt‐out chlamydia screening. Proportions of patients screened increased significantly among White individuals, males and privately insured individuals.

Conclusions

A universal C. trachomatis screening project can be feasibly implemented in pediatric primary care and successfully increase adolescent chlamydia screening rates.

Implications for the Profession

Implementing a universal opt‐out C. trachomatis screening project is feasible in PPC and can help achieve the public health goal of chlamydia identification and treatment.

Impact

These findings will be impactful for both paediatric primary care and adolescent patients. The universal, opt‐out C. trachomatis screening approach facilitated screening increases, improved equity in screening and led to increased case detection and treatment which has vast significance for those patients.

Reporting Method

This manuscript is submitted using the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines for quality improvement reporting.

Patient Contribution

Patient contribution included de‐identified data collection of chlamydia screening rates of eligible adolescents 15–19 years old who attended routine well visits at the three PPC locations. The data were reviewed on a dashboard, then stratified by race, ethnicity, payor and sex assigned at birth.
Etiology and Medication of Hospitalized Children With Hypertension: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jia Chenhong , Ding Weijing , Ding Xiangyu
Published: November 2024

With the increasing incidence of hypertension in children, the lack of high‐quality research data on antihypertensive drugs in pediatric patients restricts treatment options for clinicians and can lead to suboptimal outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with hypertension and treated with antihypertensive drugs in the past 3 years. The study included 203 pediatric patients (119 males and 84 females), with an average age of 8.9 ± 4.7 years (range: 0.1–17 years). Clinical symptoms of hypertension were observed in 132 participants (65.0%), and the conditions in all cases were classified as primary or secondary hypertension. Renal causes (71 patients, 35.0%) and drug‐induced factors (39 patients, 19.2%) were the main causes of secondary hypertension. Nifedipine (137 patients, 67.5%) was the most commonly prescribed medication, followed by captopril (84 patients, 41.4%). Multiple antihypertensive medications were prescribed to 99 participants (48.8%), and blood pressure returned to normal in 111 patients (54.7%). Hypertension‐related organ damage was observed in 47 patients (23.2%). Timely diagnosis and treatment of hypertension are critical to prevent organ damage in pediatric patients. Although nifedipine was widely used in this pediatric cohort, the appropriateness of this treatment remains unclear. Emphasis should be placed on monitoring target organs affected by pediatric hypertension, and post‐discharge antihypertensive treatment should include thorough follow‐ups and documentation.
Hypertension Induced by Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Treating Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yan , Wang Ji‐Guang
Published: November 2024

Hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF‐PH) inhibitors are a new class of agents for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unlike traditional treatments such as erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), HIF‐PH inhibitors are orally administered drugs and may increase endogenous erythropoietin and improve iron homeostasis. However, a significant concern is their possible side effect on blood pressure. The current mini‐review summarizes the data of 26 randomized controlled (placebo or ESAs) trials on six different HIF‐PH inhibitors with regard to their potential influence on blood pressure and hypertension in the management of anemia in CKD. Overall, the use of HIF‐PH inhibitors was associated with a higher risk of hypertension than placebo (pooled risk ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.59), but a lower risk of hypertension than ESA treatment (pooled risk ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98), especially in CKD patients not undergoing dialysis (pooled risk ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.98). This review highlights the importance of blood pressure monitoring during the treatment of HIF‐PH inhibitors, especially out‐of‐office blood pressure measurement.
The combination of FLCWK with 5‐FU inhibits colon cancer and multidrug resistance by activating PXR to suppress the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zhong Lifan , Wang Qianru , Kou Zhixiong , Gan Lianfang , Yang Zhaoxin , Pan Junhua , Huang Ling , Chen Yunqiang
Published: November 2024

5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a preferred chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer. Nonetheless, its clinical effectiveness is frequently hampered by suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, there exists a pressing demand for novel therapeutic agents to circumvent chemoresistance. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) exerts a pivotal regulatory influence on the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance mechanisms in colon cancer. Activation of PXR drives up the transcription of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), thus prompting the expression of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) responsible for conferring tumour resistance. This study scrutinized the potential of Fengliao Changweikang (FLCWK) in augmenting the efficacy of 5‐FU in the management of colon cancer. To this end, we engineered colon cancer cells with varied levels of PXR expression via lentiviral transfection, subsequently validating the findings in nude mice. By means of MTT assays, flow cytometry apoptosis analysis, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, we probed into the prospective impacts of FLCWK and 5‐FU on cellular viability and resistance. Our results revealed that while upregulation of PXR amplified the therapeutic benefits in colon cancer treatment, it concurrently heightened resistance levels. FLCWK demonstrated a capacity to reduce P‐gp expression, with the combined administration of FLCWK and 5‐FU effectively reversing resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, activation of PXR was found to impede the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling pathway. In an effort to mimic the development of colon cancer, we established an azomethane oxide (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model, showing that FLCWK bolstered the inhibitory effects of 5‐FU, impeding the progression of colon cancer. In summation, our findings point towards the potential of FLCWK in the treatment of colon cancer, particularly in strengthening the therapeutic efficacy of 5‐FU in the prevention and control of the disease.
CARD9 protein SUMOylation regulates HOXB5 nuclear translocation and Parkin‐mediated mitophagy in myocardial I/R injury
Authors: Li Yuanbin , Tang Yuting , Yan Xu , Lin Hui , Jiang Wanjin , Zhang Luwei , Zhao Hu , Chen Zhuang
Published: November 2024

Myocardial injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) remains a difficult clinical problem. However, the exact mechanisms underlying I/R‐induced have yet to be clarified. CARD9 is an important cytoplasmic‐binding protein. In this study, an immunocoprecipitation assay showed that SUMOylation of the CARD9 protein promoted the binding of CARD9 to HOXB5, but hindered the O‐GlcNAc glycosylation of HOXB5, a predicted transcription factor of Parkin and a key factor in mitophagy. O‐GlcNAc glycosylation is an important signal for translocation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. CARD9 protein SUMOylation is regulated by PIAS3, which is related to I/R‐induced myocardial injury. Therefore, we propose that knockdown of PIAS3 inhibits SUMOylation of the CARD9 protein, facilitates the dissociation of CARD9 and HOXB5, which increases the O‐GlcNAc‐mediated glycosylation of HOXB5, while the resulting HOXB5 nuclear translocation promotes Parkin‐induced mitophagy and alleviates myocardial I/R injury.
Reconstruction and Prediction of Invasive Cydia pomonella Population Dynamics: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Wang Yan , Wei Zi‐Han , Gao Ping , Li Yu‐Ting , Lv Yun‐Tong , Yang Xue‐Qing
Published: November 2024

Invasive species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological services. The specific threshold of the initial population size necessary for the successful establishment of an invasive species remains uncertain. This research delves into the effects of different initial population sizes on the colonisation and population dynamics of the globally recognised invasive pest, Cydia pomonella, within a controlled laboratory setting. The results revealed that even a single pair of C. pomonella displayed notable eggs laid (fecundity) and hatched (fertility) by producing offspring upon mating. Larger initial population size exhibited increased mating rates, leading to enhanced fecundity and subsequently more offspring, indicating that the development of C. pomonella population is directly impacted by the mating rate of the initial individuals. Projections based on F1 data indicate that the C. pomonella population size could persistently increase over a span of 150 days, with varying growth rates influenced by the initial population size. These findings indicate the importance of heightened monitoring and management in non‐invaded regions to avert early colonisation of C. pomonella, thus mitigating the threat of invasion and subsequent population expansion.
The Impact of Drying Techniques on Stabilizing Microencapsulated Astaxanthin From Shrimp Shells: A Comparative Study of Spray Drying Versus Freeze Drying
Authors: Sharayei Parvin , Rohani Abbas , Sabeghi Yeganeh , Gandomzadeh Danial
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to study how different drying methods (spray and freeze drying) affect the release kinetics of microencapsulated astaxanthin in various environmental conditions. Shrimp shell extract containing astaxanthin was encapsulated using different wall components (maltodextrin with different dextrose equivalents and modified starch) via a simplex lattice mixture design. The encapsulated extract was then subjected to storage at different temperatures (25°C ± 2°C and 2°C ± 4°C) and humidity conditions (52% ± 2% and 75% ± 2%), as well as exposure to UV light (four 15 W lamps, 254 nm, for 10 h). The release kinetics of astaxanthin were analyzed using various models (page, Newton Korsmeyer–Peppas model, Modified Henderson and Pabis, Diffusion approach, and Two‐term exponential). The evaluation results of correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square deviation (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of different models showed that the astaxanthin degradation followed a two‐term exponential kinetics in both types of microcapsules. Astaxanthin degradation increased with higher temperatures, humidity, and UV light exposure. However, microcapsules with equal wall compound ratios exhibited better preservation of astaxanthin. The study also emphasized the significance of optimizing storage conditions and wall materials for microencapsulated astaxanthin, as well as the utility of the two‐term exponential model in enhancing stability and shelf life.
Evaluating the effects of 5‐aminosalicylic acid on tofacitinib treatment in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nishida Yu , Hosomi Shuhei , Fujimoto Koji , Kobayashi Yumie , Nakata Rieko , Maruyama Hirotsugu , Ominami Masaki , Nadatani Yuji , Fukunaga Shusei , Otani Koji , Tanaka Fumio , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Tofacitinib and aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) are commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, evidence on the effect of concomitant 5‐ASA use in patients receiving tofacitinib is limited. This study investigated the effects of 5‐ASA combined with tofacitinib in UC patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Medical Data Vision database, including patients with UC treated with tofacitinib from May 2018 to April 2022. Patients were grouped according to tofacitinib dosage and assessed for the efficacy of concomitant 5‐ASA use. The primary endpoint was clinical relapse.

Results

A total of 1213 patients with UC were included in the analysis, with 416 in the 5 mg BID group and 797 in the 10 mg BID group. In the 5 mg BID group, the cumulative relapse‐free rate was significantly higher in patients receiving concomitant 5‐ASA (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that concomitant 5‐ASA use significantly reduced the risk of clinical relapse (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.70). In the 10 mg BID group, no significant difference was noted in the cumulative relapse‐free rate between patients treated with and without 5‐ASA (P = 0.445). Similarly, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that concomitant 5‐ASA use did not significantly affect relapse risk (adjusted HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.71–1.32).

Conclusions

Concomitant 5‐ASA use reduced the risk of relapse in patients on 5 mg tofacitinib BID, suggesting benefits at lower doses. However, no significant benefit was observed with 5‐ASA use in those 10 mg tofacitinib BID.
Long‐term outcomes and quality of life in congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors treated with extracorporeal life support: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Mattke Adrian C , Alphonso Nelson , Ren Chanelle , Jardine Luke , Johnson Kerry E , Venugopal Prem , McBride Craig A
Published: November 2024

Aim

Few reports have shown Quality‐of‐Life long‐term outcomes in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. We reviewed the short‐ and long‐term outcomes in CDH patients that were supported with ECMO during their neonatal treatment.

Methods

Telephone interviews of parents of CDH children were performed. The Functional Status Scale (FSS) and the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedQL, Version 4.0) were completed with the parents. All children with a CDH and supported with ECMO from 2010 to 2023 were included in the study.

Results

Twenty children were identified, with two having two ECMO runs. Birth weight was 3.2 kg (median). ECMO support lasted for (median) 13.6 days (range 3.8 to 39). Twelve patients were alive at the time of the survey. The age (median) at time of the interview was 6.3 years (range 1 to 12). The FSS score showed no impairment (FSS score 6) in any domain in eight patients. Two patients had a score of 7, and two patients had a score of 8 and 9, respectively. The PedQL showed a median score 84.5, with a physical health summary score of 92.5 and a psychosocial health summary score of 78.7. The cardiac specific PedQL inventory score was 77.

Conclusions

ECMO support for CDH patients is associated with functional and Quality of Life outcomes that are similar to that in other PICU discharge populations. Denying ECMO support to CDH patients on the basis of predicted poor long‐term outcomes does not appear to be justified.
(In)credibly queer? Assessments of asylum claims based on sexual orientation
Authors: Selim Hedayat , Lindblad Pia , Vanto Johanna , Skrifvars Jenny , Alvesalo‐Kuusi Anne , Korkman Julia , Pirjatanniemi Elina , Antfolk Jan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Queer asylum‐seekers should be given an opportunity to have their claim evaluated in a fair and unbiased manner. Despite this, research shows they risk having their claims rejected based on stereotypes about sexual minorities. In the present study, we investigated how the Finnish Immigration Service evaluated credibility in asylum claims lodged by sexual minorities.

Methods

We analysed 68 negative asylum decisions to assess the arguments made to reject the asylum claim. To do this, we developed a detailed coding scheme to investigate the specific themes and credibility indicators cited in the asylum decisions.

Results

We found that the asylum claims were most often rejected because the applicant's account of their sexual orientation was not found to be sufficiently detailed, consistent, or plausible. Officials appeared to hold assumptions around sexual identity development and interpersonal relationships that are partially unsupported by established psychological science.

Conclusions

Assessments of SOGI claims would benefit from a greater consideration of the factors affecting queer asylum applicants' ability to describe their claims, including cross‐cultural differences in understandings of sexuality, variability in human behaviour, and practical barriers within the asylum procedure.
Conserved and Unique Protein Expression Patterns Across Reproductive Stage Transitions in Social Hymenopteran Queens
Authors: McAfee Alison , Martinet Baptiste , Przybyla Kimberly , Degueldre Félicien , Hoover Shelley E. , Aron Serge , Foster Leonard J.
Published: November 2024

Hymenopteran queens are collectively highly fecund, often long‐lived individuals that undergo dramatic physiological changes after they mate and establish a nest. However, the degree to which these changes are conserved among species with different life histories is not well‐defined. We conducted a comparative proteomic study investigating differences between reproductive stages (virgin, mated and established queens) of Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. terrestris and Lasius niger. We analysed haemolymph for all species except L. niger, for which a whole‐body analysis was performed due to the small size of these queens. We identified conserved upregulation of proteins involved in anatomical and system development as queens transition to establishing a nest in all species except B. terrestris. We also identified conserved patterns of vitellogenin, vitellogenin receptor and immune‐responsive protein (IRP)30, all of which are proteins typically associated with oviposition. However, expression patterns of other immune proteins, heat‐shock proteins (HSPs), detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were more dissimilar, with some species exhibiting similar trends and co‐occurrence through reproductive stages, while others exhibited variable or opposite patterns. These conserved and unique profiles likely in part reflect similarities and differences in selective pressure on reproductive stages of each species and may indicate differing abilities to respond to emergent pathogens or environmental change.
Solitary subependymal giant cell astrocytoma lacking TSC1/2 mutations and TTF‐1 expression: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Mulone Davide , Mafficini Andrea , Miele Evelina , Sala Francesco , Barresi Valeria
Published: November 2024

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare, low‐grade glioma typically associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. It is characterized by an intraventricular location, an expansive growth pattern, and the expression of glial and neural markers. TTF‐1 expression is considered a sensitive marker of SEGA, likely reflecting its origin from progenitor cells in the caudothalamic groove. We report a case of SEGA with unusual immunohistochemical and molecular features in a 20‐year‐old man with no signs or family history of TS. The tumor was located in the anterior horn of the right ventricle and obstructed the foramen of Monro. Histologically, it exhibited an expansive growth pattern and was composed of cells with ovoid nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for GFAP and S‐100 protein, weakly positive for SOX2, focally positive for synaptophysin, and negative for TTF‐1, neurofilament protein, NeuN, EMA, chromogranin, and BCOR. Scattered OLIG2‐positive neoplastic cells were also observed. Molecular analysis revealed no pathogenic mutations or copy number variations in the analyzed 174 genes, including TSC1/2, except for a variant of unknown significance in BAP1. The histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile suggested SEGA, despite the absence of TTF‐1 expression and TSC1/2 mutations. The diagnosis was confirmed by DNA methylation profiling, which assigned the tumor to the methylation class “subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with TSC1/TSC2 alterations” with a calibrated score of 0.95. This case highlights the potential diagnostic pitfall of SEGA lacking TTF‐1 expression and emphasizes the importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors, even in the absence of TS and characteristic molecular alterations. The existence of TTF‐1 negative SEGAs reveals that these tumors might also derive from TTF‐1 negative cells in the subpendymal region.
Evaluating Dentists' Understanding of Dry Mouth Management: An International Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alsalhani Anas B. , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria , Noushad Mohammed , Tarakji Bassel , Rastam Samer , Sioufi Azza , Sabbagh Basem , Yousief Salah A. , Binrayes Abdulaziz , Hussain Mudassir , Arshad Mohammed , Haque Tahsinul , Akhter Fatema , Fayis Shamil , Mousa Rami Taher , Adi Mowaffak , Kujan Omar
Published: November 2024

Objective

Studying dentists' knowledge of dry mouth management is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes and oral health. This study aimed to evaluate their knowledge and awareness of dry mouth and its predictors.

Materials and Methods

A pre‐validated online survey was administered to a convenience sample of dentists across six countries. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge in various domains, including predisposing factors, diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, and management of dry mouth.

Results

A total of 884 dentists participated. Knowledge and awareness of dry mouth management varied significantly between countries (p < 0.05). Overall, 34.3% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, while 53.7% had moderate knowledge. Regarding management awareness, 55.4% had good awareness and 35.5% had moderate awareness. A majority (69.2%) showed good knowledge of common signs, symptoms, and consequences of dry mouth. Significant predictors of better knowledge and awareness included the country of practice and attendance at continuing education courses on dry mouth.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that dentists in the surveyed countries require improved education on dry mouth and its management. Dental educators and healthcare planners can use this data to design targeted continuing education activities to enhance knowledge and awareness of dry mouth.
Language and parental satisfaction during inpatient stay: A pilot survey study in a quaternary pediatric hospital
Authors: Telicki Benjamin P. , Lukovits Karina , Bernier Rachel , Baier Amanda W. , Staffa Steven J. , Nasr Viviane G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Considering the significant volume of non‐English speakers seeking medical care in the United States and the challenges they may encounter within the hospital environment, it is necessary to assess the satisfaction of non‐English‐speaking families during their hospital stays and to determine potential areas of improvement in order to optimize care.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate and describe the satisfaction of Arabic‐, Spanish‐, and English‐speaking families at a quaternary pediatric hospital. From the measures assessed, we sought to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the inpatient experience for families who spoke different languages. In doing so, we aimed to identify ways to improve the hospital experience for patients and their families.

Methods

We created a 23‐item satisfaction questionnaire that was vetted by the hospital's Global Services Department, professionally translated into Arabic and Spanish, and tested by native speakers. The survey contained questions pertaining to parent/guardian demographics, their experience with the hospital environment, and their care team or services. Using the questionnaire, we surveyed Arabic‐, Spanish‐, and English‐speaking parents/guardians of post‐procedural patients under 18 years of age in intensive care units (ICUs) and on inpatient floors.

Results

A total of 162 surveys were collected with roughly equal distribution across the three language groups (52 Arabic, 53 Spanish, 57 English). We found no statistically significant difference in satisfaction scores across the three language groups, nor across self‐reported English‐proficient and non‐English‐proficient Arabic and Spanish respondents. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction between parents/guardians in ICUs and those on inpatient floors.

Conclusions

This pilot survey suggests that inclusivity and availability of interpretation resources play a role in successfully creating an environment where both English and non‐English speakers are satisfied. Further development and validation of the survey instrument should be performed, along with testing at other institutions.
De‐Methyl Esterification Modification of Root Pectin Mediates Cd Accumulation of Lactuca sativa
Authors: Zhang Qian‐hui , Tan Xuan‐tong , Li Zhen‐bang , Chen Yi‐qi , Yang Zhong‐Yi , Xin Guo‐rong , He Chun‐tao
Published: November 2024

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil brings severe health risks through the dietary intake of Cd‐polluted crops. The comprehensive role of pectin in lowering Cd accumulation is investigated through low Cd accumulated (L) and high Cd accumulated (H) cultivars of L. sativa. The significantly different Cd contents in the edible parts of two L. sativa cultivars are accomplished by different Cd transportations. The pectin is the dominant responsive cell wall component according to significantly increased uronic acid contents and the differential Cd absorption between unmodified and modified cell wall. The chemical structure characterization revealed the decreased methyl esterification in pectin under Cd treatment compared with control. Significantly brighter LM19 relative fluorescence density and 40.82% decreased methanol in the root pectin of L cultivar under Cd treatment (p < 0.05) supported that the de‐methyl esterification of root pectin is more significant in L cultivar than in H cultivar. The pectin de‐methyl esterification of L cultivar is achieved by the upregulation of pectin esterases and the downregulation of pectin esterase inhibitors under Cd treatments, which has facilitated the higher Cd‐binding of pectin. Our findings provide deep insight into the differential Cd accumulation of L. sativa cultivars and contribute to the understanding the pollutant behaviors in plants.
Crucial Roles of Brassinosteroids in Cell Wall Composition and Structure Across Species: New Insights and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Percio Francisco , Rubio Lourdes , Amorim‐Silva Vitor , Botella Miguel A.
Published: November 2024

Brassinosteroids (BR) are steroidal phytohormones essential for plant growth, development, and stress resistance. They fulfil this role partially by modulating cell wall structure and composition through the control of gene expression involved in primary and secondary cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism. This affects the deposition of cellulose, lignin, and other components, and modifies the inner architecture of the wall, allowing it to adapt to the developmental status and environmental conditions. This review focuses on the effects that BR exerts on the main components of the cell wall, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin, in multiple and relevant plant species. We summarize the outcomes that result from modifying cell wall components by altering BR gene expression, applying exogenous BR and utilizing natural variability in BR content and describing new roles of BR in cell wall structure. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of BR to address pressing needs, such as increasing crop yield and quality, enhancing stress resistance and improving wood production through cell wall modulation.
Schistosomicidal Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Extract on Schistosoma mansoni‐Infected Mice
Authors: Elmalawany Alshimaa M. , Osman Gamalat Y. , Mohamed Azza H. , Khalaf Fatema M. , Yassien Rania I.
Published: November 2024

Schistosomiasis causes severe hepatic fibrosis, making it a global health issue. Moringa oleifera seed oil extract, which had antiparasitic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was investigated as an alternative treatment. The 50 mice were divided into control, infected, praziquantel‐treated, M. oleifera seed oil extract‐treated and combined treatment groups. These treatments were examined for their effects on egg granulomas, hepatic enzymes, total protein, albumin, antioxidant enzymes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. M. oleifera seed oil and/or PZQ significantly reduced egg numbers, granuloma size and liver histopathology. M. oleifera seed oil reduced hepatic enzyme activity, increased total protein and albumin, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity while decreasing malondialdehyde. M. oleifera seed oil reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. M. oleifera seed oil may treat schistosomiasis instead of PZQ due to its antifibrotic, immunomodulatory and schistosomicidal properties.