ՀԱՎԱՔԱԿԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԱԿՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄՈԴԵԼԸ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՐՏԱՔԻՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՁԵՎԱՉԱՓՈՒՄ. ՏԵՍԱՄԵԹՈԴԱԿԱՆ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՈՒՄՆԵՐ / THE MODEL OF COLLECTIVE COOPERATION IN THE FORMAT OF FOREIGN POLICY SECURITY: THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS
Authors: SHIRINYAN MHER 
Published: February 2025

Collective security is predicated on the notion that the security of one state is
intrinsically linked to the security of all states, necessitating a coordinated international
response to security threats. Currently, the theory of power ratios provides a compelling
framework for understanding: under which conditions alliances are formed, the
determinants of alliances, and the systems of cost and benefit distribution among allies.
However, the logic of assessing the balance of power offers only a partial explanation of
these dynamics. A comprehensive evaluation of contemporary geopolitical and regional
developments indicates that the collective (alliance) model of security is the most
prevalent and applicable, wherein member states are obligated to assist one another in
an automated manner, as enshrined in the respective alliance charters.
This work aims to analyze the evolving nature of collective security within the
modern international system and assess its effectiveness in resolving interstate conflicts
and regional instability. In the framework of the analysis the following objectives will be
assessed; the capacity of traditional security concepts in a multipolar world to address
current geopolitical challenges, as well as the risks and challenges confronting alliances,
including the management of conflict escalation and divergent national interests. The
study employs a historical-comparative method and utilizes both realist and idealist
theoretical frameworks to examine the concept of collective security.
As a result of the analysis presented in the article, the following conclusions can be
drawn.
1. In the current geopolitical processes, the concepts of collective security and
collective defense are interpreted very broadly. Unfortunately, authoritarian regimes take
advantage of this development by expanding the boundaries of state intervention both in
the affairs of citizens within their own country and in the affairs of neighboring states.
2. Collective security is based on the idea that security is in the interests of all states,
and security threats often require a coordinated international response. States agree to
counter security threats and share the costs of peacekeeping or enforcement.
3. Collective defense is an agreement, usually formulated between member states by
an organization in a relevant treaty, whereby member states undertake to assist in the
defense of a member state if it is attacked by another state outside the organization.
4. NATO and CSTO stand out as collective security alliances, which at first glance
have the same goals and objectives and in some places they are comparable, but in fact
they are polarized structures and fight against each other.
The topic of security remains relevant and at the same time complex. The
collective alliance model of security assurance is the most common and the most applied,
where the member states provide assistance to each other in an automated way and this
obligation is fixed in the charter of the given alliance. The concepts of collective security
and collective defense are long-term formal commitments between groups of countries to
protect the security interests of individual members in their shared areas of interest.