bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effect of Cement and ARG Fiber on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Dune Sand
Authors: Shalabi Faisal I. , Mazher Javed , Khan Kaffayatullah , Amin Muhammad Nasir , Alqahtani Mesfer , Awad Hosam , Alghannam Ali , Albaqshi Hussain
Published: February 2024

Despite its collapsible nature and weakness, desert sand can be used for construction purposes all over the world if properly stabilized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of cement and fiber in stabilizing locally available dune sand. A test plan was used to investigate the effects of varying quantities of alkali resistance glass (ARG) fiber (F: 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) and portland cement (C: 0.0%, 1.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0%) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of dune sand. Mechanical properties such as unconfined strength (UCS), strain at failure (εf), California bearing ratio (CBR), and modulus of elasticity (Es) were evaluated, and microstructure properties were investigated using Raman spectrum and laser‐scanning microscopy (LSM) tests on stabilized sand samples. The results of the experimental study showed that the percentage of cement in the treated sand has a more significant impact on the investigated properties of the treated sand than the percentage of fibers. In addition, increasing fiber content results in an increase in the ductility of the sand mix. Raman analysis revealed significant interactions between sand mix components. Moreover, LSM results showed that fiber–cement interaction increased with increasing cement percentage, as calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) formed in the mix and filamentous and intrastrand binding occurred. The findings of this study indicate that ARG fiber and cement can be effective in the stabilization of dune sand for construction purposes even with the use of low percentages of ARG fiber (0.2%–0.4%) and cement (3%).
The Antimelanogenic Activity of the Extract of Heukharang Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Leaf
Authors: Ko Heejin , Shon Yu Jin , Lim Wonchul , Nam Tae-Gyu , Kim Wook Chul , Kim Nam Hee , Lim Tae-Gyu
Published: February 2024

Heukharang (Lactuca sativa L.), the artificially developed lettuce cultivar for enhancement of lactucin content, exhibits antioxidant activities and sleep-promoting effects. However, potential of Heukharang as a raw material for the skin-whitening agent has not been investigated yet. This study evaluated the effects of Heukharang extract (HHE) on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo models. Our findings revealed that HHE (25–100 μg/mL) effectively inhibited α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in both 2D and 3D cell culture environments without compromising the viability of the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line. Furthermore, HHE suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity, along with both gene and protein expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2. HHE downregulated the mRNA level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein. The antimelanogenic activity of HHE (50 and 100 μg/mL) was also confirmed using a zebrafish embryo model, highlighting its efficacy in inhibiting α-MSH-induced melanogenesis through the downregulating CREB/MITF/TYR signaling pathways. Moreover, our study demonstrated that a corresponding amount of lactucin (5–20 μM) to the HHE inhibited and regulated melanogenesis. These results collectively suggest that HHE, enriched with lactucin, holds promise as a potential skin-whitening agent for nutricosmetic industries.
Small-Molecule Peptides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS2 Attenuate H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage in INS-1 Cells via Regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Jiang Lishi , Zhang Ying , Jing Lin , Meng Xiao , Liu Shukun
Published: February 2024

Objective. This study aimed to delve into the antioxidant potential of small-molecule peptides derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS2 (L. plantarum SCS2), targeting hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells. Methods. INS-1 cells were pretreated with small-molecule peptides of distinct molecular weights, specifically P1 (≤1 kDa), P2 (1–5 kDa), and P3 (5–10 kDa), which were isolated from L. plantarum SCS2, followed by H2O2 to induce oxidative damage in INS-1 cells. The oxidative status of the cells was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, the expression levels of proteins and genes associated with the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway were examined to elucidate the underlying antioxidative mechanisms of the small-molecule peptides from L. plantarum SCS2. Results. The cellular activity and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were higher after pretreatment with P1 than those after pretreatment with P2 and P3, which led to the suppression of ROS and MDA production. In addition, P1 upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1, significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of Keap1, and promoted the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus compared with that in the model group. Conclusion. P1 from L. plantarum SCS2 could activate the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating oxidative damage in INS-1 cells.
Hypocalcemia and Hypophosphatemia following Concurrent Denosumab Injection and Ferric Carboxymaltose Infusion in a Patient with Normal Renal Function
Authors: Szwarcbard Naomi , Dawson Chloe , Pak Lai-Ming Kathleen , Hackman Kathryn L.
Published: February 2024

Hypocalcemia following denosumab administration is well described. Hypophosphatemia following an intravenous iron infusion is an increasingly recognized adverse effect. Intravenous iron preparations increase fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels. This both stimulates renal phosphate excretion and reduces 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels, resulting in reduced calcium absorption. Both osteoporosis and iron deficiency are common and frequently co-occur. The convenience and efficacy of both denosumab, a subcutaneous injection, and ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®), a 15-minute intravenous infusion, both of which can be given in the primary care setting, make these preferred treatment options. However, prescribers are often unaware of potential adverse outcomes, especially when these medications are given in tandem. We present a case of symptomatic hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in a 29-year-old woman with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and normal renal function, in the setting of concurrent denosumab and ferric carboxymaltose administration for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.
Supplemental Table 2 from Acceptability of Personalized Lung Cancer Screening Program Among Primary Care Providers
Authors: Resong Paul J. , Niu Jiangong , Duhon Gabrielle F. , Foxhall Lewis E. , Shete Sanjay , Volk Robert J. , Toumazis Iakovos
Published: February 2024

Supplemental Table 2 shows a logistic regression analysis investigating various provider characteristics (age, gender, race, profession, years in practice, patients per week, work in a residency training site, work setting) as they influence responses to the question of whether or not providers recommend lung cancer screening for eligible patients.
Supplementary table 2 from Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Heterogeneity of the Immune Landscape of IDH–Wild-Type High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Ran Xiaojuan , Zheng Jian , Chen Linchao , Xia Zhen , Wang Yin , Sun Chengfang , Guo Chen , Lin Peng , Liu Fuyi , Wang Chun , Zhou Jianguo , Sun Chongran , Liu Qichang , Ma Jianzhu , Qin Zhiyong , Zhu Xiangdong , Xie Qi
Published: February 2024

Supplementary table 2
Supplementary Figure S7 from RALDH1 Inhibition Shows Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Cao Shuwen , Yang Shyh-Ming , Rai Ganesha , Martinez Natalia J. , Yasgar Adam , Zakharov Alexey V. , Simeonov Anton , Molina Arocho William A. , Lobel Graham P. , Mohei Hesham , Scott Alexis L. , Zhai Li , Furth Emma E. , Simon M. Celeste , Haldar Malay
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure
Supplementary Data Legends from RALDH1 Inhibition Shows Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Cao Shuwen , Yang Shyh-Ming , Rai Ganesha , Martinez Natalia J. , Yasgar Adam , Zakharov Alexey V. , Simeonov Anton , Molina Arocho William A. , Lobel Graham P. , Mohei Hesham , Scott Alexis L. , Zhai Li , Furth Emma E. , Simon M. Celeste , Haldar Malay
Published: February 2024

Legends for supplementary figures and tables.
Figure S7 from M9657 Is a Bispecific Tumor-Targeted Anti-CD137 Agonist That Induces MSLN-Dependent Antitumor Immunity without Liver Inflammation
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Zhou Xueyuan , Webb Lindsay , Yalavarthi Sireesha , Zheng Wenxin , Saha Somdutta , Schweickhardt Rene , Soloviev Maria , Jenkins Molly H. , Brandstetter Susanne , Belousova Natalya , Alimzhanov Marat , Rabinovich Brian , Deshpande Amit M. , Brewis Neil , Helming Laura
Published: February 2024

FS122m characterization on cellular binding, in vitro agonism and in vivo distribution
Supplementary Figure 1 from Engagement of CD99 Activates Distinct Programs in Ewing Sarcoma and Macrophages
Authors: Manara Maria Cristina , Manferdini Cristina , Cristalli Camilla , Carrabotta Marianna , Santi Spartaco , De Feo Alessandra , Caldoni Giulia , Pasello Michela , Landuzzi Lorena , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Salamanna Francesca , Dominici Sabrina , Fiori Valentina , Magnani Mauro , Lisignoli Gina , Scotlandi Katia
Published: February 2024

Supplementary Figure 1
Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Blood Filter Does Not Clear Antibiotics: An Analysis of Antibiotic Concentration Data from PURIFY-OBS
Authors: DeLuca Jesse P. , Selig Daniel J. , Vir Pooja , Vuong Chau V. , Della-Volpe Jeffrey , Rivera Ian M. , Park Caroline , Levi Benjamin , Pratt Kathleen P. , Stewart Ian J.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Novel hemoperfusion systems are emerging for the treatment of sepsis. These devices can directly remove pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cytokines, and other inflammatory markers from circulation. However, significant safety concerns such as potential antibiotic clearance need to be addressed prior to these devices being used in large clinical studies. Methods: Prospective, observational study of 34 participants undergoing treatment with the Seraph 100® Microbind Affinity Blood Filter (Seraph 100) device at 6 participating sites in the USA. Patients were included for analysis if they had a record of receiving an antibiotic concurrent with Seraph 100 treatment. Patients were excluded if there was missing information for blood flow rate. Blood samples were drawn pre- and post-filter at 1 h and 4 h after treatment initiation. These average pre- and post-filter time-concentration observations were then used to estimate antibiotic clearance in L/h (CLSeraph) due to the Seraph 100 device. Results: Of the 34 participants in the study, 17 met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the antibiotic analysis. Data were obtained for 7 antibiotics (azithromycin, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, linezolid, piperacillin, and vancomycin) and one beta-lactamase inhibitor. Mean CLSeraph for the antibiotics investigated ranged from −0.57 to 0.47 L/h. No antibiotic had a CLSeraph statistically significant from 0. Discussion/Conclusion: The Seraph 100 did not significantly clear any measured antibiotic in clinical samples. These data give further evidence to suggest that these therapies may be safely administered to critically ill patients and will not impact concentrations of administered antibiotics.
Colitis ulcerosa: Zur Behandlung einer Anämie ist die Wirksamkeit von Spirulina-Supplement noch nicht ausreichend belegt
Authors: Schnoy Elisabeth
Published: February 2024

Background & aims: The present clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina administration on serum iron, ferritin, anemia parameters, and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in adults with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Eighty participants with UC were randomly assigned to take, either 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules) spirulina (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) in a double-blinded clinical trial for eight weeks. Dietary intake, physical activity status, serum iron and ferritin levels, anemia parameters, and FOBT were assessed in each participant at baseline and following the intervention. Seventy-three participants completed the trial. Results: Our results indicated significantly increased (p = 0.04) serum iron after eight weeks of spirulina supplementation compared to the placebo group. The spirulina group also demonstrated significantly increased mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.004) whereas red blood cell count (p = 0.01) and hematocrit (p = 0.03) were significantly lowered in the placebo group. No significant changes in FOBT outcomes were seen between groups at baseline (p = 0.12) and the end of the trial (p = 0.34). Eight weeks of 1 g/day spirulina supplementation improved anemia parameters in adults with UC compared to placebo.
Removal of a Metallic Stent after 9 Years of Placement That Caused Tracheal Stenosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nakashima Torahiko , Yamazaki Koji , Uchi Ryutaro , Uryu Hideoki
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Metallic stents are widely used to prevent airway obstruction for tracheal stenosis caused by malignant diseases. Although their efficacy has been recognized, there is no established evidence surrounding their long-term safety. We report a case of airway stenosis caused by a metallic tracheal stent. Removal of the stent to secure the airway was difficult and extremely complicated. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old male suffering from dyspnea caused by malignant lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) of the thyroid gland was treated with a metallic tracheal stent. After remission of the lymphoma, stenosis of the stent lumen developed gradually, and the patient complained of dyspnea. Tracheostomy could not be performed due to the metallic stent. Since the patient was unable to intubate, the stent was removed under general anesthesia with partial percutaneous cardiopulmonary support 9 years after the stent placement. Conclusion: Otolaryngologists should be aware of the possibility of severe stenosis following the long-term placement of a metallic tracheal stent.
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion versus Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Prevention of Ischaemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Elsheikh Sandra , Alobaida Muath , Bucci Tommaso , Buckley Benjamin J.R. , Gupta Dhiraj , Irving Greg , Hill Andrew M. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Existing randomised controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in atrial fibrillation (AF) were of relatively small sample size or included patients who could receive oral anticoagulant treatment after device implantation. We compared the outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed AF who received percutaneous LAAO or direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment, in a large population from a global federated health network (TriNetX). Methods: Patients with AF treated with percutaneous LAAO were matched with those treated with DOAC between December 1, 2010, and October 1, 2018. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) at 5 years. Results: We included 200 patients with AF, who received either LAAO or DOAC. The risk of all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, and ICH at 5 years was not significantly different between the two groups (risk ratio [RR] for all-cause mortality: 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97–2.38, RR for ischaemic stroke: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.51–2.36, and RR for ICH: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.44–2.30). Conclusion: Patients newly diagnosed with AF, eligible for DOAC, showed similar 5-year risk of death, ischaemic stroke, and ICH when comparing those who underwent percutaneous LAAO to those receiving DOAC. Future randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings and advise changes in guidelines.
Impact of dysmagnesemia on atrial fibrillation in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a nationwide study
Authors: Toida Tatsunori , Kurita Noriaki , Abe Masanori , Norio Hanafusa , Joki Nobuhiko
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The dose-response relationship between serum magnesium (sMg) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and the contribution of dysmagnesemia to AF among hemodialysis patients remain unknown. Hence, we examined the dose-response correlation between sMg and AF and estimated the extent of the contribution of dysmagnesemia to AF in this population.
Methods: This was a nationwide cross-sectional study on the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy registry, also known as Japanese Renal Data Registry (JRDR), encompassing a nationwide population of dialysis centers, as of the end of 2019. Eligible participants were adult patients undergoing hemodialysis three times per week. The main exposure was sMg, categorized into seven categories (≤1.5, >1.5–≤2, >2–≤2.5, >2.5–≤3, >3–≤3.5, >3.5–≤4, and ≥4.0 mg/dL). The outcome was AF reported by dialysis facilities. The independent contribution to AF was assessed via logistic regression to generate population-attributable fractions, assuming a causal relationship between sMg and AF.
Results: Total 165,926 patients from 2,549 facilities were investigated. AF prevalence was 7.9%. Compared with the reference (>2.5–≤3 mg/dL), lower sMg was associated with increased AF (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] [95% confidence interval, CI] of 1.49 [1.19–1.85], 1.24 [1.17–1.32], and 1.11 [1.06–1.16] for sMg of ≤1.5, >1.5–≤2.0, and >2.0–≤2.5 mg/dL categories, respectively). Elevated sMg was associated with fewer AF (adjusted OR 0.87 [95% CI, 0.79–0.96] for sMg of >3.0–≤3.5 mg/dL). The adjusted population-attributable fraction of lower sMg and higher and lower sMg for AF was 7.4% and 6.9%, respectively. An association did indeed exist between lower sMg and AF, with the lowest percentages of AF at sMg levels above the reference range for the general population.
Conclusion: Dysmagnesemia may be an important contributor to AF among adult hemodialysis patients. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether sMg correction reduces the AF incidence.
Mapping EU Externalisation Devices through a Critical Eye
Authors: Xanthopoulou Ermioni
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to scope, map and critique EU externalisation devices in asylum law. The article first evaluates the internal dimension of externalisation in EU asylum law, with the Dublin system being an internal device of externalisation supported by the securitisation of asylum law. The article then maps EU border externalisation manifested in border violence and critically discusses judicial responses to it. Finally, the article scrutinises EU externalisation beyond its borders, as realised by the outsourcing of asylum responsibilities or border controls to non-European countries. EU externalisation is here studied in a multi-faceted way, taking stock of devices from across the spectrum of EU asylum law. It is argued that EU externalisation is wholly underpinned by a neo-colonial narrative of emergency and repulsion that is harmful to refugees as it does not sit comfortably with principles of refugee law or EU and international human rights law.
Curves, Coriolis, and Cross-Channel Circulation in the Hudson River Estuary
Authors: Conley Margaret M. , Lerczak James A.
Published: February 2024

Despite its relatively small magnitude, cross-channel circulation in estuaries can influence the along-channel momentum balance, dispersion, and transport. We investigate spatial and temporal variation in cross-channel circulation at two contrasting sites in the Hudson River estuary. The two sites differ in the relative strength and direction of Coriolis and curvature forcing. We contrast the patterns and magnitudes of flow at the two sites during varying conditions in stratification driven by tidal amplitude and river discharge. We found well-defined flows during flood tides at both sites, characterized by mainly two-layer structures when the water column was more homogeneous and structures with three or more layers when the water column was more stratified. Ebb tides had generally weaker and less definite flows, except at one site where curvature and Coriolis reinforced each other during spring tide ebbs. Cross-channel currents had similar patterns, but were oppositely directed at the two sites, demonstrating the importance of curvature even in channels with relatively gradual curves. Coriolis and curvature dominated the measured terms in the cross-channel momentum balance. Their combination was generally consistent with driving the observed patterns and directions of flow, but local acceleration and cross-channel advection made some notable contributions. A large residual in the momentum balance indicates that some combination of vertical stress divergence, baroclinic pressure gradients, and along-channel and vertical advection must play an essential role, but data limitations prevented an accurate estimation of these terms. Cross-channel advection affected the along-channel momentum balance at times, with implications for the exchange flow’s strength.

Significance Statement

Currents that flow across the channel in an estuary move slower than those flowing along the channel, but they can transport materials and change water properties in important ways, affecting human uses of estuaries such as shipping, aquaculture, and recreation. We wanted to better understand cross-channel currents in the Hudson River estuary. We found that larger tides produced the strongest cross-channel currents with a two-layer pattern, compared to weaker currents with three layers during smaller tides. Higher or lower river flow also affected current strength. Comparing two locations, we saw cross-channel currents moving in opposite directions because of differences in the curvature of the river channel. Our results show how channel curvature and Earth’s rotation combine to produce cross-channel currents.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Complicating Severe RSV Bronchiolitis in PICU Settings
Authors: Sallam Mohammad , Breuer Ryan , Wrotniak Brian , Alibrahim Omar
Published: February 2024

This retrospective study aims to analyze the baseline characteristics and factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) complicating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Using the Virtual Pediatric Systems data registry, patients under 2 years admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were screened. Patients with documented RSV infection and NEC, intestinal perforation, noninfectious gastroenteritis/colitis, or pneumatosis intestinalis occurring around the timing of RSV bronchiolitis diagnosis were included. Out of the screened patients, 41 were analyzed. Most patients (93%) were aged 30 days to 2 years, one-third had baseline anatomical cardiac defects, and 20% history of prematurity. Median PICU length of stay was 11.7 days. Seven patients died before hospital discharge. While not statistically significant, nonsurvivors tended to exhibit higher PRISM-3 scores, more acidemia, and lower systolic blood pressure. These findings emphasize the need for cautious assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms in critically ill patients with RSV infection.
Strong Control and Weak Service: Enforcing Drug Treatment in China
Authors: Jiang Jize , Song Apei
Published: February 2024

The proliferation of drug treatment services, crafted under harm reduction and evidence-based principles, is touted as a benevolent approach for drug offenders, foregrounding their rehabilitation and reintegration into the community, and embodying the ideal of penal welfare. Despite extant studies on the functional effectiveness on recidivism among drug offenders, little research has situated the operational significance of drug treatment programs within a broader project of the Chinese state’s efforts to govern a rapidly modernizing society. To bridge this gap, this study examines the implementation of drug treatment in the Chinese justice system by unravelling the processes and logics that assemble strong control and weak service in practice. The analysis suggests that Chinese drug treatment programs both reflect and reinforce the state-centric logic of the Chinese approach to social governance, functioning to enhance the state’s legitimacy and strengthen its capacity for social control. We contend that when state interests and political ideologies are prioritized over drug offenders’ recovery, concerns and needs of drug offenders are downplayed and the rehabilitative effectiveness of those programs is diminished. Future research and policy implications for ameliorating drug treatment programs are also addressed.
A Feasibility and Acceptability Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Evaluate Drug Use Patterns Among Midwestern People Who Use Drugs
Authors: Tyler Kimberly A. , Eisenbraun Anika R. , Habecker Patrick , Khan Bilal
Published: February 2024

We use a unique platform called the Open Dynamic Interaction Network (ODIN) app, to collect fine grained, daily data from participants. Our results graphically depict the feasibility of using the ODIN app with people who use drugs (PWUD) in the Great Plains. During fall 2022-spring 2023, 100 participants (53% female), using an Android smartphone with the ODIN app installed, were asked up to 22 questions per day on substance use, stress, and social support over 30 days. The mean overall daily response rates to the ecological momentary assessment questions using the ODIN app was 82%. Overall, 82% of participants reported that the ODIN app was “somewhat” or “very easy” to use. Our graphical depictions highlight, for example, that response rates do not typically drop off until the third block of questions. These findings have methodological significance for those who work with PWUD and other hard to reach populations.
Stable destabilising? Rethinking images of temporality
Authors: Newton Tim , Slutskaya Natalia , Horne Jessica
Published: February 2024

This article explores our sense of stability and instability. For example, is contemporary life governed by uncertainty, fluidity and sociotechnical acceleration, or do relative stability or inertia still represent the predominant experience in many domains? In particular, can stabilities and instabilities represent symbiotic processes, the one interwoven with the other? Furthermore, are theories conventionally treated as antagonistic more intimately related than we tend to consider, such as those favouring historical sedimentation over performativity and the assembly of the ‘new’? In comparing stabilisation and destabilisation, the article considers divergent theses of temporality, such as acceleration and refeudalisation, and the way that social theory appears peppered with images of stability and instability. To explore the symbiosis between stabilising and destabilising processes, it considers the social science disciplines of economics and accounting. In so doing, it addresses debate surrounding critical realism, historical sedimentation, governmentality and performativity, with attention to the argument of Abbott, Bourdieu, Callon, Elias, Neckel and Rosa. It also examines micro–macro relations, and the implicit theories of the self that inform the macroanalytical portrayal of stabilisation and destabilisation. Rather than seeing stability and instability as ‘opposites’, it argues that we should be open to the possibility that they may often be closely interrelated.
A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria
Authors: Brzezińska Dorota , Brzezińska Maria
Published: February 2024

Large occupied spaces such as the atria can have additional internal elements like balconies, stairs, or decorations. Unfortunately, detailed design rules for smoke management systems are lacking in these large contemporary spaces. A series of smoke tests and CFD simulations were conducted to address this shortfall. The project’s first step was realised with full-scale hot smoke tests in Smoke Laboratory, which allowed the observation of a significant influence of the suspended balconies on smoke mass production. CFD simulations confirmed the preliminary observations and were used to evaluate this phenomenon quantitatively. This proved that the wider the balcony, the greater the mass increase. The same fire scenarios were examined with theoretical NFPA 92 correlations dedicated to axisymmetric and balcony spill plumes. They showed that using the standard axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of the required smoke control system parameters. A proposed adapted balcony spill plume correlation can improve the smoke mase calculations.

Practical application

This study demonstrates that existing standards like NFPA 92 NFPA 204, or BS 7346-4. Do not cover the need for smoke control systems in complex and irregular atria solutions, which often appear in modern buildings. It has been proven that the obstructions in the atrium space significantly influence the smoke mass production. As a consequence, using the original axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of smoke control system requirements. The authors proposed a new correlation for the approach to smoke control systems parameters approach at the design process.
Delayed Pulsatile Tinnitus by an Ascending Pharyngeal Artery-Internal Jugular Vein Fistula Caused by Blunt Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Heo Yoon , Lee Seung Jin , Kim Tae Su
Published: February 2024

Head and neck trauma-induced pulsatile tinnitus (PT) should be approached with caution, as it can rarely be attributed to an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We present a 26-year-old male with a history of blunt trauma who presented delayed PT with direct AVF between the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) and the internal jugular vein (IJV). The patient underwent occlusion of the fistula with transarterial embolization using coils and PT was completely resolved, confirming successful treatment. The delayed manifestation of PT in the APA-IJV fistula is probably due to the gradual formation of a pseudoaneurysm and subsequent AVF. This case highlights the importance of investigating PT in head trauma patients, as it can be a sign of AVF and possible complications. Overall, this case contributes to understanding delayed PT with AVF and emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of AVF in patients with head and neck trauma.
Characteristics of parent-child separation related to bullying involvement among left-behind children in China
Authors: Xu Jiayao , Guo Shi , Lu Jingjing , Zhao Guanlan , Akezhuoli Hailati , Wang Menmen , Wang Feng , Zhou Xudong
Published: February 2024

Parent-child separation due to internal migration is prevalent in China. However, few studies have focused on the associations between different characteristics of parent-child separation and children’s involvement in bullying. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2,355 fifth-to eighth-grade students in China, using self-reported questionnaires to investigate the associations between children’s bullying involvement (i.e., bullies, victims, bully-victims) and different characteristics of parent-child separation resulting from parental migration. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore these associations. Among all respondents, 17.3% reported being victims of bullying, 3.8% reported being bullies, and 2.7% reported being bully-victims. Compared to children with no left-behind experiences, those with current left-behind experiences were more likely to be victims and bully-victims. Children left behind by parent(s) at the age of three years or younger were more likely to be victims (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.22, 2.25], p = .001), bullies (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.02, 3.52]), and bully-victims (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.04, 4.71]). Children left behind for seven years or longer were more likely to be victims (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.12, 2.00], p = .007), bullies (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.15, 3.69]), and bully-victims (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.06, 4.50]). The identified characteristics of parent-child separation associated with bullying involvement hold implications for parental decisions regarding internal migration, interventions, and policymaking for preventing bullying among left-behind children.
Depression of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neural activation: The role of responders and non-responders
Authors: Ladthavorlaphatt Kannaphob , Surti Farhaana BS , Beishon Lucy C , Robinson Thompson G , Panerai Ronney B
Published: February 2024

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) interaction with dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of task complexity and duration on the interaction with dCA. Sixteen healthy participants (31.6 ± 11.6 years) performed verbal fluency (naming-words (NW)) and serial subtraction (SS) paradigms, of varying complexity, at durations of 05, 30 and 60 s. The autoregulation index (ARI), was estimated from the bilateral middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) step response, calculated by transfer function analysis (TFA), for each paradigm during unstimulated (2 min) and neuroactivated (1 min) segments. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) determined reproducibility for two visits and objective criteria were applied to classify responders (R) and non-responders (NoR) to task-induced MCAv increase. ICC values demonstrated fair reproducibility in all tasks. ARI decreased in right (RH) and left (LH) hemispheres, irrespective of paradigm complexity and duration (p < 0.0001). Bilateral ARI estimates were significantly decreased during NW for the R group only (p < 0.0001) but were reduced in both R (p < 0.0001) and NoR (p = 0.03) groups for SS tasks compared with baseline. The reproducible attenuation of dCA efficiency due to paradigm-induced NVC response, its interaction, and different behaviour in R and NoR, warrant further research in different physiological and clinical conditions.
Transformativity: The malleable foundations of social theory
Authors: Boland Tom
Published: February 2024

A foundational assumption of social theory is that things change: structures, institutions, organisations, groups, cultures, and selves all are contingent and subject to transformation. Herein, this malleable foundation is termed transformativity, drawing attention to a specific conceptualisation of change, which predominates and displaces other accounts of change, elaborated via a typology of change that positions transformation between reconfiguration and metamorphosis. Transformativity posits society as contingent, open to reconstruction, but assuming that change acts upon a substrate, which is continuous; altered, yet retaining identity through time. Transformativity is situated culturally by tracing historical conceptions of change from ancient to modern. Next, Turner's liminality, Foucault's power relations, and Butler's performativity are analysed in depth as influential contemporary models of transformativity. Furthermore, transformativist thinking animates governmentality, neo-liberal capitalism, technological thinking, and cultures of self-work. In particular, transformativity intersects with contemporary ideas of ‘experience’, incorporating notions of contingency and change into modern experimentalism. While transformativity facilitates critique and social change, this implies a gradualist model of slow purification and refinement, which may be inadequate to deal with contemporary challenges.
An overview concerning the utilization of fusel oil as an alternative fuel in the engine applications
Authors: Dogan Battal , Yesilyurt Murat Kadir , Atak Nisa Nur
Published: February 2024

Diesel engines will continue to be discussed in the coming years because of their harm to the environment resulting from emitted pollutants. These engines are unrivaled in the transportation industry owing to the high power achieved at high compression ratios. In recent years, studies have been carried out on the use of alternative fuels instead of diesel in compression ignition engines. Fusel oil (FO) is a by-product acquired from several types of agricultural biomass by different techniques. To conclude, in the present paper, researches in the published literature for diesel engines using fuel blends containing FO as an alternative fuel have been reviewed in detail. FO's high octane number, high oxygen content, and low freezing point make it stand out as a fuel additive. In addition, the calorific value of FO is lower than diesel, and its density and viscosity are higher. When FO is infused at different concentrations to diesel fuel (DF) or DF-biodiesel mixtures, fuel consumption increases in compression-ignition engines while engine power decreases compared to reference DF. There is a noticeable decrease in CO and NOx pollutants in fuel blends using FO. The amount of water in the FO has an adverse effect on diesel engines. In the article, firstly, the production and properties of FO are reviewed and its fuel properties are summarized. Then, the effects of diesel/FO and diesel/biodiesel/FO mixtures on engine performance and emissions are discussed. Finally, the positive and negative aspects of FO for diesel engines are summarized.
To share vulnerability is to show strength: A discursive study of self-disclosure by Chinese cancer patients on short-form video platforms
Authors: Zhao Yue , Mao Yansheng , Wei Shuang
Published: February 2024

The widely-used social media have offered Chinese cancer patients online sites for self-disclosure. Collecting self-disclosing discourses from 200 Chinese cancer patients on TikTok and SnackVideo, this study systematically analyzes the discursive strategies employed by Chinese cancer patients and their emotions expressed during self-disclosure, with the help of NVivo 12 and LIWC 2015. As a result, it is found that: (1) Chinese cancer patients display self-disclosure oriented toward facts, relationships, desires, and experiences discursively; (2) Chinese cancer patients showed a higher proportion of positive emotions than negative emotions, with female patients being more conservative and stable than their male counterparts when disclosing positive emotions. To some extent, the findings above would shed insights into the provision of psychologically inclusive support for the cancer patients in Chinese culture and beyond.
Accounting for informative observation process in transition models of binary longitudinal outcome: Application to medical record data
Authors: Bible Joe , St. Ville Madeleine , Albert Paul S , Liu Danping
Published: February 2024

When extracting medical record data to form a retrospective cohort, investigators typically focus on a pre-specified study window, and select subjects who had hospital visits during that study window. However, such data extraction may suffer from an informative observation process, since sicker patients may have hospital visits more frequently. For example, Consecutive Pregnancy Study is a retrospective cohort study of women with multiple pregnancies in 23 Utah hospitals from 2003 to 2010, where the interest is to understand the risk factors of recurrent pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth. The observation process is informative in the sense that, women with adverse pregnancy outcomes may be less likely/willing/able to endure subsequent pregnancies. We proposed a three-part joint model with shared random effects structure to address this analytic complication. Particularly, a first-order transition model is used to model the longitudinal binary outcome; a gamma regression model is assumed for the inter-pregnancy intervals; a continuation ratio model specifies the probability of continuing with more births in the future. We note that the latter two parts give rise to a parametric cure-rate survival model. The performance of the proposed method was examined in extensive simulation studies, with both correctly and mis-specified models. The analyses of Consecutive Pregnancy Study data further demonstrate the inadequacies of fitting the transition model alone ignoring the informative observation process.
Resisting Dehumanization in the Age of “AI”
Authors: Bender Emily M.
Published: February 2024

The production and promotion of “AI” technology involves dehumanization on many fronts. I explore these processes of dehumanization and the role that cognitive science can play by bringing a richer picture of human cognition to the discourse.
Entrepreneurship and Democracy: A Complex Relationship
Authors: Brieger Steven A. , Hechavarría Diana M. , Newman Arielle
Published: February 2024

This research note critically extends Audretsch and Moog’s work on the relationship between democracy and entrepreneurship. While Audretsch and Moog present a positive relationship between democracy and entrepreneurship, we find that key measures of entrepreneurship are frequently negatively, not positively, associated with democracy and its various determinants. However, we do find some evidence to support Audretsch and Moog’s theorizing that democracy is learned in start-ups and small businesses by showing that entrepreneurs in advanced economies are more democratic in their attitudes or behaviors than their employee counterparts. But the evidence on whether the transition from regular employment to entrepreneurship increases political engagement and democratic orientation remains inconclusive.
Entrepreneurial Responsibility: A Conceptual Framework to Understand Ethical Dualism Throughout the Entrepreneurial Process
Authors: Hägg Gustav , Haataja Vera , Kurczewska Agnieszka , McKelvie Alexander
Published: February 2024

Entrepreneurs have been promoted as a main engine of progress. However, recent scandals and questionable behavior have led to increased discussion of entrepreneurs’ ethics. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize entrepreneurial responsibility throughout the entrepreneurial process from an ethical viewpoint. We model entrepreneurial responsibility based on normative ethics (deontology and teleology), enabling us to better understand entrepreneurs’ active and conscious responses to their ethical duties and the consequences thereof. Our theorizing opens new avenues for scholarly research related to the ethical nature of opportunities, the interconnection of entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes from a moral perspective, and potential societal impact.
Detecting Gene-Gene Interaction among DNA Repair Genes in Chinese non-Syndromic Cleft lip with or Without Palate Trios
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhou Zhibo , Li Yixin , Wang Siyue , Xue Enci , Wang Xueheng , Peng Hexiang , Fan Meng , Wang Mengying , Qin Xueying , Wu Yiqun , Li Jing , Zhu Hongping , Chen Dafang , Hu Yonghua , Beaty Terri H. , Wu Tao
Published: February 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the gene-gene interactions associated with NSCL/P among DNA repair genes.

Design

This study included 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios from China. Quality control process was conducted for genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six DNA repair genes ( ATR, ERCC4, RFC1, TYMS, XRCC1 and XRCC3). We tested gene-gene interactions with Cordell's method using statistical package TRIO in R software. Bonferroni corrected significance level was set as P = 4.24 × 10–4. We also test the robustness of the interactions by permutation tests.

Setting

Not applicable.

Patients/Participants

A total of 806 NSCL/P case-parent trios (complete trios: 682, incomplete trios: 124) with Chinese ancestry.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Not applicable.

Results

A total of 118 SNPs were extracted for the interaction tests. Fourteen pairs of significant interactions were identified after Bonferroni correction, which were confirmed in permutation tests. Twelve pairs were between ATR and ERCC4 or XRCC3. The most significant interaction occurred between rs2244500 in TYMS and rs3213403 in XRCC1( P = 8.16 × 10–15).

Conclusions

The current study identified gene-gene interactions among DNA repair genes in 806 Chinese NSCL/P trios, providing additional evidence for the complicated genetic structure underlying NSCL/P. ATR, ERCC4, XRCC3, TYMS and RFC1 were suggested to be possible candidate genes for NSCL/P.
Unpacking the Food Security Crisis in the Ecologically Fragile and Conflict-Ridden Lake Chad Basin: Interrogating NGOs' Response to the Climate Change-Security Nexus
Authors: Fonjong Lotsmart , Wanki James E.
Published: February 2024

A 2018 United Nations report highlights the growing need for funding and assistance to the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). The food security crisis in the LCB is a blend of complex factors relating to the declining water of Lake Chad and protracted insecurity fanned by Boko Haram insurgency. Unfortunately, development agencies sometimes focus less on how the climate change-insecurity nexus is becoming increasingly consequential in explaining the LCB’s profile in fragility. This paper considers the extent to which international agencies and nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) respond to multiple crises, integrating both climate change and security facets in their analysis and response to the food crisis besetting the LCB. Findings from interviews in Cameroon, Chad, and Niger reveal that NGOs fail to sufficiently take climate change into account in their policies and strategies, in that many food assistance programs are climate change neutral in content and focus.