bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acto de habla oferta en la publicidad digital de viajes en francés
Authors: Aldama Epelde Arrate
Published: February 2021

El estudio pragmático de los actos de habla ha conocido una evolución considerable estos últimos años. Dado que las nuevas tecnologías tienen influencia en la sociedad, es necesario estudiar los actos de habla en el ámbito del discurso digital para dar cuenta de las formas actuales de comunicación. Teniendo en cuenta esta realidad, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el acto de ofrecer en un contexto y medio específicos: la publicidad digital de viajes en francés. Concretamente, estudiaremos las estrategias lingüisticas del acto de ofrecer de un corpus de ofertas de viajes, además de sus características y la modificación externa que les acompaña, para presentar un estudio innovador sobre los actos de habla, en general, y sobre la oferta, en particular, y realizar nuevas consideraciones sobre este acto de habla en el contexto de la publicidad de Internet.

The pragmatic study of speech acts has undergone a considerable evolution in recent years. In the light of the influence of new technologies on society, it is necessary to study speech acts in the field of digital discourse, in order to account the current forms of communication. Bearing this reality in mind, this article aims to analyse offering as a speech act in a specific context and mass media: digital travel advertising in French. We analyse specifically the linguistic strategies of the offering in a corpus of travel offers, as well as their characteristics and the external modification that accompanies them, with the purpose of showing a renewed study on speech acts, in general, and on the offering, in particular, and performing new considerations on this speech act in the context of the electronic advertising.

L’étude pragmatique sur les actes de parole a connu une évolution considérable ces dernières années. Vu que les nouvelles technologies ont de l’influence sur la société, il est nécessaire d’étudier les actes de parole dans le domaine du discours numérique pour rendre compte des formes actuelles de communication. En considérant cette réalité, l’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’acte d’offrir dans un contexte et un média spécifiques : la publicité numérique de voyage en français. Concrètement, nous étudierons les stratégies linguistiques de l’acte d’offrir d’un corpus d’offres de voyage, ainsi que leurs caractéristiques et la modification externe qui les accompagne, afin de présenter une étude novatrice sur les actes de parole, en général, et sur l’offre, en particulier, et formuler de nouvelles considérations sur cet acte de parole dans le cadre de la publicité sur Internet.
acercamiento a la recepción de la terminología farmacéutica en el siglo XIX:
Authors: Luque Janodet Francisco
Published: February 2021

La historia de la traducción es uno de los ámbitos menos estudiados en la Traductología. En el presente artículo, se abordará la traducción y recepción en España del Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie de Alphonse Chevallier y Pierre Idt. Se trata de una obra de temática  farmacéutica, que disfrutó de gran prestigio en el país ibérico, y publicada en una época de debate y de adaptación de la nomenclatura química y farmacéutica. Por ello, realizaremos un análisis traductológico de la obra objeto de estudio, en el que se aborden los principales problemas de traducción a los que Manuel Jiménez Murillo tuvo que hacer frente. Asimismo, se considerarán las distintas técnicas empleadas para este trasvase interlingüístico. Todo ello estará precedido de un estudio biográfico de los autores y del traductor, basado en la documentación de la época, así como de una serie de consideraciones en torno al papel del traductor decimonónico y a la reforma de la nomenclatura química iniciada en el siglo XVIII.

The history of translation is one of the least studied areas since Translatology. In this paper, the translation and reception in Spain of Alphonse Chevallier and Pierre Idt’s Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie will be addressed. It is a work of pharmaceutical scope, which enjoyed great prestige in Spain and was published at a time of debate and adaptation of the chemical and pharmaceutical nomenclature. Therefore, it is proposed a translatological analysis that addresses the main translation problems that Manuel Jiménez Murillo had to face. The different techniques used for the interlinguistic transfer will also be considered. All this will be preceded by a biographical study of the authors and the translator based on the documentation of the time and by a series of considerations regarding the role of the nineteenth-century translator and the reform of the chemical nomenclature undertaken in the eighteenth century.

L'histoire de la traduction est l'un des domaines les moins étudiés en Traductologie. Dans cet article, nous aborderons la traduction et la réception en Espagne du Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie d’Alphonse Chevallier et Pierre Idt. Il s’agit d'un ouvrage de portée pharmaceutique, qui a joui d'un grand prestige dans le pays ibérique, et publié à une époque de débat et d'adaptation de la nomenclature chimique et pharmaceutique. Par conséquent, nous proposons une analyse traductologique de l'œuvre objet d’étude qui aborde les principaux problèmes de traduction auxquels Manuel Jiménez Murillo a dû faire face. Les différentes techniques utilisées pour le transfert interlinguistique seront également prises en compte. Tout cela sera précédé d'une étude biographique des auteurs et du traducteur basée sur la documentation de l'époque et d'une série de considérations autour du rôle du traducteur du XIXe siècle et de la réforme de la nomenclature chimique entreprise au XVIIIe siècle.
"Traversée de la Mangrove" de Maryse Condé: une trame touffue de relations
Authors: Noël-Gaudreault Monique
Published: February 2021

Para explicitar el titulo "Traversée de la mangrove" por Maryse Condé, analizamos la intriga densa de diversas relaciones en la novela. Primeramente, examinamos las relaciones entre los elementos naturales (arbol, barro, sal) de un manglar y la gente que vive en "Rivière au Sel". Segundamente, describimos las relaciones entre lenguajes hablado y escrito, entre los personajes masculinos y femeninos, y religión. Finalmente, estudiamos la originalidad de la escritora en esta novela : otras historias dentro de esta historia, las relaciones de esta novela con otros textos, y algunas figuras poéticas.

We analyzed the dense network of "Traversée de la mangrove", a novel by Maryse Condé, in order to try to make the title explicit. First, we established links between natural elements, trees, mud, salt in the mangrove and the people living in Rivière au Sel. Then, we described relations between oral and written languages, between male and female characters, and with religion. At last, we showed the originality of the author’s writing in this novel, such as mirror images (mise en abîme), relations with other texts, and poetical devices.

Dans le but d’expliciter notre titre, nous avons analysé la trame touffue de relations entre les éléments naturels, la culture et l’écriture dans le roman de Maryse Condé : "Traversée de la mangrove". Dans un premier temps, nous avons tenté d’établir des relations entre l’arbre, la boue, le sel de la mangrove et les habitants de Rivière au Sel; puis les relations entre l’oral et l’écrit dans cette société, entre les personnages masculins et féminins, et avec la religion; enfin, nous avons montré la singularité de l’écriture de Maryse Condé dans ce roman : la mise en abyme, les relations intertextuelles, et les figures poétiques.
Traducir el Caribe, una travesía rizomática. Propuestas para una traducción feminista y descolonial a partir de "Traversée de la Mangrove", de Maryse Condé
Authors: De la Fuente López Laura
Published: February 2021

El Caribe ha sido, a lo largo de los siglos, un espacio testigo de los choques e influjos de múltiples pueblos, cuyas semillas han terminado fructificando en cosmovisiones y lenguas insospechadas. Deste este espacio emergen voces resistentes que aspiran a romper el silencio epistemológico y literario que la hegemonía occiental ha querido imponerles, es el caso de la guadalupeña Maryse Condé. En este contexto, nuestro artículo tendrá como propósito reflexionar sobre la interración entre los conflictos identitarios vinculados con la etnia, el género y la lengua, todos provocados por la llaga del colonialismo, a través del ejemplo de Traversé de la Mangrove. Tenemos en este texto un complejo contrapunto en el que dialogan la cultura oral de los ancestros y la escrita de los colonizadores, lo que planteará grandes desafíos traductológicos.  Así, nuestro objetivo será sugerir una serie de perspectivas y estrategias para emprender una traducción ética y comprometida con el proyecto de la autora.

For a long time, the Caribbean has witnessed the meeting and clashes between different peoples, which have replanted the fruit of multiple languages and cosmovisions. In this land, resistant voices are emerging that seek to break the epistemological and literary silence that Western hegemony has sought to impose on them, this is the case of Maryse Condé. Within this framework, this article will seek to reflect on the interaction between identity conflicts linked to ethnicity, gender and language, all motivated by the wounds of colonialism, through the example of Traversé de la Mangrove. We have in this text a complex counterpoint in which the oral culture of the ancestors and the written culture of the colonizers are in dialogue, which will pose great translation challenges. Thus, our aim will be to suggest a series of perspectives and useful strategies for undertaking an ethical translation in support of this author's writing project.

Pendant longtemps, les Caraïbes ont été témoins de la rencontre et des chocs entre divers peuples, qui y ont replanté le fruit imprévisible des langues et cosmovisions multiples. Sur cette terre émergent des voix résistantes qui visent à briser le silence épistémologique et littéraire que l’hégémonie occidentale leur a voulu imposer, c’est le cas de Maryse Condé. Dans ce cadre, cet article cherchera à réfléchir sur l’interaction entre les conflits identitaires liés à l’ethnie, au sexe et à la langue, tous motivés par la blessure du colonialisme, à travers l’exemple de Traversé de la Mangrove. Nous avons dans ce texte un complexe contrepoint dans lequel la culture orale des ancêtres et la culture écrite des colonisateurs dialoguent, ce qui posera de grands défis traductologiques. Ainsi, notre but sera de suggérer une série de perspectives et stratégies utiles pour entreprendre une traduction éthique et en faveur du projet de cette auteure.
communication par SMS: quoi de neuf?
Authors: Banegas Saorín Mercedes
Published: February 2021

Este estudio pretende mostrar, desde una perspectiva sociolingüística, las tendencias del lenguaje de la mensajería instantánea. Desarrollado por las jóvenes generaciones, el objetivo es determinar hasta qué punto esta práctica lingüística es innovadora. Para ello, observamos las tipologías formales de la escritura SMS establecidas entre 2001 y 2017 por los investigadores en lingüística al tiempo que comprobamos que este modo de comunicación se inscribe dentro de ciertos comportamientos naturales del lenguaje humano.
Nourritures terrestres et nourritures spirituelles dans "La Vie de Saint Gilles" de Guillaume de Berneville
Authors: LLORCA-TONDA MARÍA ÁNGELES
Published: February 2021

La Vie de saint Gilles, texto anglonormando de finales del siglo XII escrito por Guillaume de Berneville, es una reescritura de una Vitae latina del siglo X. Las Vidas en lenguas vernáculas surgidas en el contexto anglonormando tienen como finalidad la de edificar a los fieles, a la vez que la de entretener y divertir. Guillaume de Berneville no duda en alternar motivos literarios paganos, con motivos hagiográficos tradicionales, para hacer más accesible la Vida a un público laico. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar cómo el autor utiliza el motivo de la comida y el ayuno, uno de los preceptos del ascetismo, a la hora de estructurar y dar coherencia a su relato hagiográfico.

La Vie de saint Gilles, an Anglo-Norman text from the late twelfth century written by Guillaume de Berneville, is a rewriting of a Latin Vitae from the tenth century. Lives in vernacular languages emerged in the Anglo-Norman context are intended to edify the faithful, as well as giving entertainment and fun. Guillaume de Berneville does not hesitate to alternate pagan literary motifs with traditional hagiographic motifs, to make Life more accessible to a lay public. The objective of this work is to analyse how the author uses the motive of food and fasting, one of the precepts of asceticism, when structuring and giving coherence to his hagiographic account.
Prononciation, littérature et apprentissage du français langue étrangère avec les medias sociaux
Authors: Tomé Mario
Published: February 2021

Literature can provide all kinds of teaching materials for learning pronunciation of French as a foreign language (FLE), but practice and research in this area are still very little developed. New tools and social media can reverse this trend by promoting the oral production of learners and by integrating effective and motivating teaching tasks. For several years we have been conducting research on the applications of new technologies to teaching / learning FLE at the University of León in Spain and we have developed two pioneering and complementary databases: one on literary resources and the other on students' oral productions. We discuss in this article the French Literature Multimedia FLE project, an online audiovisual database on French literature for teaching and learning FLE and the Oral FLE Pronunciation project, an oral corpus of oral productions of Spanish learners of French as a foreign language.

La littérature peut fournir toute sorte de matériaux pédagogiques pour l’apprentissage de la prononciation du français langue étrangère (FLE), mais la pratique et la recherche dans ce domaine sont encore très peu développées. Les nouveaux outils et médias sociaux peuvent inverser cette tendance en favorisant la production orale des apprenants et en intégrant des tâches pédagogiques efficaces et motivantes. Depuis plusieurs années nous menons des recherches sur les applications des nouvelles technologies à l’enseignement / apprentissage du FLE à l’Université de León en Espagne et nous avons élaboré deux bases de données pionnières et complémentaires: une sur des ressources littéraires et l’autre sur les productions orales des étudiants. Nous abordons dans cet article le projet Littérature Française Multimédia FLE, une base de données audiovisuelle en ligne sur la littérature française pour l’enseignement et apprentissage du FLE et le projet Oral FLE Prononciation, un corpus oral des productions orales des apprenants espagnols de français langue étrangère.
Nature et publicité sociale: du scénario catastrophe à la reconquête de l’environnement dans les campagnes de FNE
Authors: Abraham Marine
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to define the semiotic and linguistic components of social advertising, the objective of which is to raise awareness in western populations. To this end, we compare the procedures used in social and commercial posters, and highlight the importance of environmental issues in recent years, in which defending nature or commending natural concerns are more and more commonplace. Using a contrastive analysis of two campaigns by a French charitable organisation, France Nature Environnement (FNE), in 2011 and 2016, we reflect on the specific discursive strategies employed to seduce message receivers and demonstrate that both campaigns, the first through the use of irony and the second though the auguring of a better world, convince people of the need for sustainable development.

En este trabajo, determinamos los parámetros semio-lingüísticos de las publicidades sociales que tienen como objetivo la concienciación de las poblaciones occidentales en la actualidad. Para ello, comparamos los procedimientos utilizados en los carteles sociales y comerciales, y ponemos de relieve la importancia de la cuestión medioambiental en estos últimos años, razón por la cual los objetos publicitarios defendiendo la naturaleza o preconizando lo natural resultan ser cada vez más frecuentes. En concreto, a partir del análisis contrastivo de dos campañas de la asociación francesa France Nature Environnement (FNE) de 2011 y 2016, revelamos pues las estrategias discursivas concretas empleadas para seducir a los receptores de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas y evidenciamos que tanto la campaña de 2011 basada en la ironía como la de 2016 presagiando un mundo mejor consiguen persuadir a los individuos de la importancia de un planeta sostenible.
rapports parentaux chez Maryse Condé
Authors: BOUSTANI CARMEN
Published: February 2021

Lo esencial de este estudio se centra en Maryse Condé y en la interacción entre su trabajo y su isla, donde se siente en prisión, con unos padres snobs que la alejan de cualquier contacto con los demás niños del vecindario y la separan de sus raíces. Ella insiste en el papel ausente de los padres y reconsidera lo que ha sido la autoridad paterna hasta ahora. Se afirma como la autora de su padre, no como de su trabajo. Describe en particular la tensión entre ella y su madre que se reduce a un estatus sin transcendencia. Esta tensión de la relación hija/madre continúa a lo largo de la genealogía de las mujeres de su linaje. Remedia esta falta de identidad creando un idioma propio, una mezcla de francés, inglés, criollo y lenguas africanas que se convierte en su territorio, en su tierra. Todo esto propicia su apertura a otras culturas y la convicción de que cada persona es diferente de la otra.

L’essentiel de cet article se focalise chez Maryse Condé sur l’interaction entre sa vie et son œuvre, sorte d’autobiographie déguisée. Condé analyse son rapport à son île où elle se sentait en prison, à ses parents snobs qui l’écartent de tout contact avec les autres enfants du voisinage et la coupent de ses racines. Elle insiste sur le rôle absent des pères et aborde la bâtardise si fréquente aux Antilles. Elle repense sur ce qui a fait jusqu’à présent autorité. Elle s’affirme comme l’auteur de son père pas comme son œuvre. Elle décrit notamment la tension entre elle et sa mère qui est réduite à un statut à éliminer. Cette tension du rapport fille /mère se poursuit sur toute la généalogie des femmes de sa lignée. Elle remédie à ce manque identitaire en créant une langue à elle mélange de français, anglais, créole et langues africaines qui devient son territoire, sa terre. Ce qui traduit son ouverture aux autres cultures et la conviction que toute personne est différente de l’autre. Elle est pour l’individualité et  non pour la collectivité.
Some existence results for a nonlocal non-isotropic problem
Authors: Bentifour Rachid , El-Hadi Miri Sofiane
Published: February 2021

In this paper we deal with the following problem \[\begin{cases}-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\left[ \left( a+b\int\limits_{\, \Omega }\left\vert \partial _{i}u\right\vert ^{p_{i}}dx\right) \partial _{i}\left( \left\vert \partial _{i}u\right\vert ^{p_{i}-2}\partial _{i}u\right) \right]=\frac{f(x)}{u^{\gamma }}\pm g(x)u^{q-1} & in\ \Omega, \\ u\geq 0 & in\ \Omega, \\ u=0 & on\ \partial \Omega, \end{cases}\] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded regular domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\). We will assume without loss of generality that \(1\leq p_{1}\leq p_{2}\leq \ldots\leq p_{N}\) and that \(f\) and \(g\) are non-negative functions belonging to a suitable Lebesgue space \(L^{m}(\Omega)\), \(1\lt q\lt \overline{p}^{\ast}\), \(a\gt 0\), \(b\gt 0\) and \(0\lt \gamma \lt 1.\)
More on linear and metric tree maps
Authors: Kozerenko Sergiy
Published: February 2021

We consider linear and metric self-maps on vertex sets of finite combinatorial trees. Linear maps are maps which preserve intervals between pairs of vertices whereas metric maps are maps which do not increase distances between pairs of vertices. We obtain criteria for a given linear or a metric map to be a positive (negative) under some orientation of the edges in a tree, we characterize trees which admit maps with Markov graphs being paths and prove that the converse of any partial functional digraph is isomorphic to a Markov graph for some suitable map on a tree.
Ataluren for drug‐resistant epilepsy in nonsense variant‐mediated Dravet syndrome and CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , King LaToya , Bluvstein Judith , Friedman Daniel
Published: February 2021

Objective

Ataluren is a compound that reads through premature stop codons and increases protein expression by increasing translation without modifying transcription or mRNA stability. We investigated the safety and efficacy of ataluren in children with nonsense variants causing Dravet Syndrome (DS) and CDKL5 Deficiency Syndrome (CDD).

Methods

This single‐center double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial randomized subjects to receive ataluren or placebo for 12 weeks (period 1), a 4‐week washout, then another 12‐week treatment (period 2). The primary outcome was ataluren’s safety profile. The secondary outcome measures were (1) changes in convulsive and/or drop seizure frequency and (2) changes in minor seizure types during ataluren treatment compared to placebo. Exploratory objectives assessed changes in cognitive, motor, and behavioral function as well as quality of life during ataluren therapy.

Results

We enrolled seven subjects with DS and eight subjects with CDD. Three treatment‐related adverse events (AE) occurred during the blinded phases. Two subjects withdrew due to AE. Ataluren was not effective in reducing seizure frequency or improving cognitive, motor, or behavioral function or quality of life in subjects with either DS or CDD due to nonsense variants. Limitations included a small sample size and 12‐week treatment phase, possibly too short to identify a disease‐modifying effect.

Significance

There was no difference between ataluren and placebo; ataluren is not an effective therapy for seizures or other disorders in children with DS or CDD due to nonsense variants. There were no drug‐related serious AE during the double‐blind period, consistent with ataluren’s favorable safety profile in larger studies. (Funded by Epilepsy Foundation, Dravet Syndrome Foundation, Finding A Cure for Seizures and Epilepsy and PTC Therapeutics, Inc.; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02758626).
Quaternion‐based adaptive control for trajectory tracking of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Pliego‐Jiménez Javier
Published: February 2021

The problem of trajectory tracking of aerial vehicles with four rotors and dynamic parameter uncertainties is addressed in this article. By exploiting the cascade structure of the translational and attitude dynamics of the quadrotor, a nonlinear hierarchical adaptive control is proposed. The attitude control law is designed based on the unit quaternion, therefore, the singularities of the Euler angles and angle‐axis representation are avoided. Instead of relying on the stability properties of time‐varying cascade systems, the stability of the whole closed‐loop system is proven by an appropriate Lyapunov function. In addition, a novel method to compute the desired orientation based on the desired Cartesian trajectories and position control inputs is proposed. A set of simulations results are presented to assess the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.
Cost and Time Effective Lithography of Reusable Millimeter Size Bone Tissue Replicas With Sub‐15 nm Feature Size on A Biocompatible Polymer
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zanut Alessandra , Sladkova‐Faure Martina , Xie Liyuan , Weck Marcus , Zheng Xiaorui , Riedo Elisa , de Peppo Giuseppe Maria
Published: February 2021

The ability to replicate the microenvironment of biological tissues creates unique biomedical possibilities for stem cell applications. Current fabrication methods are limited by either the control on feature size and shape, or by the throughput and size of the replicas. Here, a novel platform is reported that combines thermal scanning probe lithography (tSPL) with innovative methodologies for the low‐cost and high‐throughput nanofabrication of large area quasi‐3D bone tissue replicas with high fidelity, sub‐15 nm lateral precision, and sub‐2 nm vertical resolution. This bio‐tSPL platform features a biocompatible polymer resist that withstands multiple cell culture cycles, allowing the reuse of the replicas, further decreasing costs and fabrication times. The as‐fabricated replicas support the culture and proliferation of human induced mesenchymal stem cells, which display broad therapeutic and biomedical potential. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that bio‐tSPL can be used to nanopattern the bone tissue replicas with amine groups, for subsequent tissue‐mimetic biofunctionalization. The achieved level of time and cost‐effectiveness, as well as the cell compatibility of the replicas, make bio‐tSPL a promising platform for the production of tissue‐mimetic replicas to study stem cell‐tissue microenvironment interactions, test drugs, and ultimately harness the regenerative capacity of stem cells and tissues for biomedical applications.
Embolization of Vascular Malformations via In Situ Photocrosslinking of Mechanically Reinforced Alginate Microfibers using an Optical‐Fiber‐Integrated Microfluidic Device
Authors: Lim Jongkyeong , Choi Geunho , Joo Kye Il , Cha Hyung Joon , Kim Joonwon
Published: February 2021

Embolization, which is a minimally invasive endovascular treatment, is a safe and effective procedure for treating vascular malformations (e.g., aneurysms). Hydrogel microfibers obtained via spatiotemporally controllable in situ photocrosslinking exhibit great potential for embolizing aneurysms. However, this process is challenging because of the absence of biocompatible and morphologically stable hydrogels and the difficulty in continuously spinning the microfibers via in situ photocrosslinking in extreme endovascular environments such as those involving a tortuous geometry and high absorbance. A double‐crosslinked alginate‐based hydrogel with tantalum nanopowder (DAT) that exploits the synergistic effect of covalent crosslinking by visible‐light irradiation and ionic crosslinking using Ca2+, which is present in the blood, is developed in this study. Furthermore, an effective strategy to design and produce an optical‐fiber‐integrated microfluidic device (OFI‐MD) that can continuously spin hydrogel microfibers via in situ photocrosslinking in extreme endovascular environments is proposed. As an embolic material, DAT exhibits promising characteristics such as radiopacity, nondissociation, nonswelling, and constant mechanical strength in blood, in addition to excellent cyto‐ and hemo‐compatibilities. Using OFI‐MD to spin DAT microfibers continuously can help fill aneurysms safely, uniformly, and completely within the endovascular simulator without generating microscopic fragments, which demonstrates its potential as an effective embolization strategy.
Ductile Ag20S7Te3 with Excellent Shape‐Conformability and High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Yang Shiqi , Gao Zhiqiang , Qiu Pengfei , Liang Jiasheng , Wei Tian‐Ran , Deng Tingting , Xiao Jie , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: February 2021

Hetero‐shaped thermoelectric (TE) generators (TEGs) can power the sensors used in safety monitoring systems of undersea oil pipelines, but their development is greatly limited by the lack of materials with both good shape‐conformable ability and high TE performance. In this work, a new ductile inorganic TE material, Ag20S7Te3, with high TE performance is reported. At 300–600 K, Ag20S7Te3 crystallizes in a body‐centered cubic structure, in which S and Te atoms randomly occupy the (0, 0, 1) site. Due to the smaller generalized stacking fault energy in the ()[010] slip system, Ag20S7Te3 shows better ductility than Ag2S, yielding excellent shape‐conformability. The high carrier mobility and low lattice thermal conductivity observed in Ag20S7Te3 result in a maximum dimensionless figure of merit (zT) of 0.80 at 600 K, which is comparable with the best commercial Bi2Te3‐based alloys. The prototype TEG consisting of 10 Ag20S7Te3 strips displays an open‐circuit voltage of 69.2 mV and a maximum power output of 17.1 µW under the temperature difference of 70 K. This study creates a new route toward hetero‐shaped TEG.
Effect of Water on Crystallization and Melting of Telechelic Oligo(ε‐caprolactone)s in Ultrathin Films
Authors: Saretia Shivam , Machatschek Rainhard , Bhuvanesh Thanga , Lendlein Andreas
Published: February 2021

The thermal behavior of ultrathin, semi‐crystalline films of oligo(ε‐caprolactone)s (OCLs) with hydroxy or methacrylate end groups, is studied by the Langmuir technique in dependence on mean molecular areas and crystallization temperatures. The films on solid substrate as obtained by Langmuir–Schaefer transfer exhibit different lamellar thicknesses, crystal number densities, and lateral sizes. The melting temperature of OCL single crystals at the water and solid surface is proportional to the inverse crystal thickness and generally lower than in bulk PCL. An influence of OCL end groups on the melting behavior is observed mainly at the air–solid interface, where methacrylate end capped OCL melts at lower temperatures than hydroxy end capped OCL. Comparing the underlying substrate, melting/recrystallization of OCL ultrathin films is achievable at lower temperatures at the air–water interface than at the air–solid interface, where recrystallization is not identifiable. Recrystallization at the air–water interface generally occurs at higher temperature than the initial crystallization temperature. The surface pressure, as an additional thermodynamic variable, seems to further affect the crystallization behavior, with crystal thickness and lateral growth rate increasing with surface pressure. The results presented here are important when designing temperature‐sensitive or active nanostructured materials or interfaces based on OCL.
Low Band Gap Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Scharber Markus Clark , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: February 2021

Important parameters of an organic semiconductor material are the electronic band gap (Eg) and the position of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied bands versus vacuum. These bands are called valence and conduction band for inorganic semiconductors. For organic semiconductors the bands defining the band gap are often called highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). One advantage of semiconducting polymers is the ability to tune the band gap and the position of HOMO and LUMO levels by molecular chemical design. The organic photovoltaic solar cells need absorbers with a smaller bandgap to maximize the power conversion efficiency of these devices. There are several chemical strategies to synthesize low band gap polymers for optoelectronic applications. In this manuscript, an updated overview on the current status of these low band gap conjugated polymers will be given. The design principles of low band gap polymers, the properties of the resulting materials, and important applications and devices realized with this material class will be briefly discussed.
Flexible Sensors Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Ren Zhihui , Yang Juehan , Qi Dongchen , Sonar Prashant , Liu Liyuan , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen , Wei Zhongming
Published: February 2021

Flexible electronic devices are widely used in daily life. Among them, flexible sensors are widely studied by their potential for extensive applications. Materials are one of the essential foundations for making electronic devices. Due to the excellent unique properties of organic and inorganic hybrid materials, they are widely used in the manufacture of flexible sensors. Flexible sensor technology is developed by combining organic and inorganic materials and these hybrid materials can ensure the high frequency and high‐speed conductive property of a device while making the device flexible. In this review, the main three elements of sensors are mentioned and the materials selections in different elements are reviewed. After investigating the materials’ performance requirements of sensors, the performance of hybrid materials in sensors is comprehensively summarized according to the type of the sensor. Finally, some challenges and future directions of development are summarized and presented for flexible sensors based on such promising materials.
Self‐Assembling Nanofibers Inhibit Inflammation in a Murine Model of Crohn's‐Disease‐Like Ileitis
Authors: Bury Matthew I. , Fuller Natalie J. , Clemons Tristan D. , Sturm Renea M. , Morrison Christopher D. , Lisy‐Snow Devon C. , Nolan Bonnie G. , Tarczynski Christopher , Ayello Emily M. T. , Boyce Amber , Muckian Bridget , Ahmad Nida , Hunter Catherine J. , Karver Mark R. , Stupp Samuel I. , Sharma Arun K.
Published: February 2021

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, leading to the destruction of gastrointestinal tract tissue. Strategies specifically utilized to manage intestinal inflammation in patients afflicted with Crohn's disease (CD) are met with numerous obstacles. These include treatment‐specific physiological side effects and the development of resistance to biological and pharmacological therapies. As an alternative treatment approach, high aspect ratio supramolecular anti‐inflammatory peptide amphiphiles (AIF‐PAs) are engineered to mitigate small intestinal inflammation within the established, preclinical CD‐like ilieitis senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP1)/YitFcsJ murine model. Data derived from this study demonstrate ileitis that the direct injection of AIF‐PAs into inflammatory small intestinal skip lesions minimizes pathologic change in tissue architecture and intestinal physiology. When compared to untreated or saline injected control animals, AIF‐PAs substantially reduce lesion size and tissue‐specific inflammation, inciting cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐13 along with a concomitant decrease including in tissue proinflammatory innate and adaptive immune cells. Finally, this is accompanied by increased small bowel intestinal transit that aligns with improved gross intestinal pathology scoring. Taken together, this study provides evidence that AIF‐PAs may serve as a novel stand‐alone or combinatorial therapy to enhance efficacy in order to treat localized intestinal inflammation related to CD.
A Cyclodextrin‐Hosted Ir(III) Complex for Ratiometric Mapping of Tumor Hypoxia In Vivo
Authors: Xiao Peng , Liu Chunyan , Ma Tiancong , Lu Xiuhong , Jing Lihong , Hou Yi , Zhang Peisen , Huang Gang , Gao Mingyuan
Published: February 2021

Hypoxia is considered as a key microenvironmental feature of solid tumors. Luminescent transition metal complexes particularly those based on iridium and ruthenium have shown remarkable potentials for constructing sensitive oxygen‐sensing probes due to their unique oxygen quenching pathway. However, the low aqueous solubility of these complexes largely retards their sensing applications in biological media. Moreover, it remains difficult so far to use the existing complexes typically possessing only one luminescent domain to quantitatively detect the intratumoral hypoxia degree. Herein, an Ir(III) complex showing red emissions is designed and synthesized, and innovatively encapsulated within a hydrophobic pocket of Cyanine7‐modified cyclodextrin. The Ir(III) complex enables the oxygen detection, while the cyclodextrin is used not only for improving the water solubility and suppressing the luminescence quenching effect of the surrounding aqueous media, but also for carrying Cyanine7 to establish a ratiometric oxygen fluorescence probe. 2D nuclear magnetic resonance is carried out to confirm the host–guest structure. The oxygen‐responsive ability of the resulting ratiometric probe is evaluated through in vitro cell and multicellular experiments. Further animal studies about tumor oxygen level mapping demonstrate that the probe can be successfully used for quantitatively visualizing tumor hypoxia in vivo.
Seed yield, seed quality, profitability, and risk analysis among double crop soybean maturity groups and seeding rates
Authors: Rod Katherine S. , Shockley Jordan , Knott Carrie A.
Published: February 2021

Double crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production is common after soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest in the Upper Mid‐South and Ohio River Valley regions. However, optimal maturity group and seeding rate information is needed because most double crop soybean research is at least 45‐yr old. Relative maturity groups (rMG) 2.8, 3.5, 4.1, and 4.7, which ranged from a very short to an adapted long maturity group for the area, were evaluated at five seeding rates (123,600, 247,100, 370,700, 494,200, and 617,800 seeds ha−1) in a double crop soybean study at Princeton KY, from 2017 to 2019. The longest rMG (4.7) had the greatest seed yield and seeds m−2. However, rMG did not influence V2 and R8 plant population. The highest seeding rates of 494,200 and 617,800 seeds ha−1 had the greatest yield and seeds m−2 as well as the greatest V2 and R8 plant populations. Seeding rate did not affect protein or oil concentrations. Partial budget analysis determined that the combinations of rMG 4.1 at 494,200 seeds ha−1, rMG 4.7 at 494,200 seeds ha−1, and rMG 4.7 at 617,800 seeds ha−1 had similar economic net benefits as the University of Kentucky recommendation of rMG 4.7 at 370,000 seeds ha−1. However, the risk analysis predicted that rMG 4.7 at 494,200 seeds ha−1 would have the highest probability of a positive net return. These findings support the use of a longer rMG for the region as well as an increased seeding rate to maximize yield and economic net benefit.
Amyloid cranial polyneuropathy: A rare neurological presentation of immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis
Authors: Agarwal Abhinav , Paul Wilson Benny , Kuruvilla Mathews Prasad , Viggeswarpu Surekha , Kango Gopal Gopinath
Published: February 2021

Amyloidosis, a disease with extracellular tissue deposition of fibrils, results in clinical manifestations based on deposition of these fibrils in multiple organ systems. Usual manifestations include nephrotic‐range proteinuria, cardiac failure, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin manifestations. Common neurological manifestations include peripheral and autonomic neuropathies. Cranial neuropathy has been seldom reported and is an unusual clinical feature of amyloidosis. Here, we report an older man who presented with cranial nerve palsies along with other clinical features, including heart failure, proteinuria, weight loss, anorexia and distal symmetric polyneuropathy and was diagnosed with immunoglobulin light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis.
A novel heterotaxy gene: Expansion of the phenotype of TTC21B‐spectrum disease
Authors: Strong Alanna , Li Dong , Mentch Frank , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: February 2021

TTC21B encodes the protein IFT139, a critical component of the retrograde transport system within the primary cilium. Biallelic, pathogenic TTC21B variants are associated with classic ciliopathy syndromes, including nephronophthisis, Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, and Joubert Syndrome, with ciliopathy‐spectrum traits such as biliary dysgenesis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and situs inversus, and also with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We report a 9‐year‐old male with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis requiring kidney transplant, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and biliary dysgenesis, found by research‐based exome sequencing to have biallelic pathogenic TTC21B variants. A sibling with isolated heterotaxy was found to harbor the same variants. This case highlights the phenotypic spectrum and unpredictable manifestations of TTC21B‐related disease, and also reports the first association between TTC21B and heterotaxy, nominating TTC21B as an important new heterotaxy gene.
Expansion of the ophthalmic phenotype of SPINT2‐related syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea
Authors: Ernst Julia , Hiasat Jamila , Alabek Michelle L. , Scanga Hannah L. , Motley William , Nischal Ken K.
Published: February 2021

A 5‐year‐old girl presented with treatment‐refractory dry eye and recurrent episodes of eye pain. She had been previously diagnosed with syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (SCSD) caused by a pathogenic variant in SPINT2. Her local pediatric ophthalmologist had made the diagnosis of severe dry eye with corneal erosions, based on which, we arranged an eye exam under anesthesia (EUA) and punctal plug placement. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal photographs were taken during the procedure. There are reports describing similar ophthalmic findings in this syndrome. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to document OCT imaging and corneal photographs in a patient with SCSD, which we feel expands the ophthalmic phenotype of this rare genetic disorder.
Effects of two dietary fiber levels on nutrient digestibility and intestinal fermentation products in captive brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba)
Authors: de Andrade Carneiro Lucas , Moreno Tatiane B. , Fernandes Barbara D. , Souza Camilla M. M. , Bastos Tais S. , Félix Ananda P. , da Rocha Chayane
Published: February 2021

Herbivorous primates present a selective consumption profile and morphological adaptations to use the fibrous fraction of their diets. Brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) are generalist herbivores; however, when kept under human care, they usually receive diets rich in fruits and with insufficient amounts of fiber. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in howlers on apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (ATTDC), fecal consistency, and intestinal fermentation products. A group of 26 adult howler monkeys, 13 males and 13 females, were fed two diets formulated to have 33% or 40% NDF for 11 days, according to a randomized block design (N = 26). The block factor was the enclosures with one, two, or three individuals (each enclosure corresponded to an experimental unit), totaling in eight replicates per treatment. There were no differences in dry matter and nutrients intake between treatments (p > 0.05). The diet with 33% NDF resulted in higher (p < 0.05) ATTDC of crude protein and crude energy. However, lower fecal concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and dry matter were observed in the treatment with 33% NDF in contrast to the 40% NDF group (p < 0.05). We recommend the inclusion of higher fiber levels (40% NDF) in the diet of howler monkeys since there is evidence of greater production of SCFA and improvement in fecal consistency.
Oncologic emergency in patients with skeletal metastasis of unknown primary
Authors: Torigoe Tomoaki , Imanishi Jungo , Yazawa Yasuo , Koyama Tadaaki , Kadono Yuho , Oda Hiromi , Saita Kazuo
Published: February 2021

Aim

Patients with skeletal metastasis from prediagnosed primary malignancy sometimes have concurrent oncologic emergency (OE) during the first visit. This study aims to investigate the types of OEs and treatment outcome in such patients.

Methods

We have experienced 359 patients with skeletal metastasis from unknown primary malignancy. Among them, 130 patients required immediate admission for OE treatment (OE group), 229 patients had no OE and did not required immediate admission (non‐OE group).

Results

The recognized types of OE were spinal cord compression in 60 patients, cancer pain in 30, hypercalcemia in 19, delirium in 16, deep vein thrombosis in 13, acute renal failure in 6, respiratory failure in 3, gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 3, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 1. The overall 5‐year survival rates were 28% and 37% in the OE and non‐OE groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that delirium (hazard ratio 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–12.5; P < 0.005) and respiratory failure (hazard ratio 22.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.5–92.8; P < 0.001) were significant prognostic factors in patients with OEs, whereas other OEs did not confer a significant risk for patient outcomes.

Conclusion

In this study, OE was observed in as many as 36% of patients with skeletal metastasis from unknown primary malignancy. Delirium and respiratory failure were only two significant prognostic risk factors, which suggest that many of the OEs in untreated advanced cancer patients have probable chance to resolve. Early detection followed by appropriate treatment of such OEs is recommended.
Synthesis of new nanocomposite based on ceramic and heteropolymolybdate using leaf extract of Aloe vera as a high‐performance nanocatalyst to desulfurization of real fuel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Hadi Majid , Rezvani Hossein
Published: February 2021

In the view of practical applications, synthesizing green and recyclable nanocatalysts under mild conditions were always been desired by scientists and industries. In this study, in order to obtain the clean gasoline, a novel nanocomposite (PMo12O40@MnFe2O40) based on polyoxometalate and ceramic was synthesized successfully with Aloe vera leaf extract by sol–gel method in extremely mild conditions. PMo12O40@MnFe2O40 is proposed as a green new recyclable and economic nanocatalyst for deep catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) of real and model fuel (DBT, Th, and BT). The characterizations were carried out by different analysis methods including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the successful synthesis and immobilization were approved. After conducting the PMo12O40@MnFe2O4 in the CODS processes, optimum effective properties were investigated. The average efficiency of the nanocatalyst was found 98% for DBT and 96% for real fuel by optimum values of the properties (catalyst dosage, temperature, oxidation system, and different types of catalysts), not to mention its great ability in reusability with 96% of effectiveness after five runs. Moreover, the CODS mechanism is proposed, and based on the obtained results, the kinetics were in agreement with the pseudo‐first‐order model. Based on the obtained incomparable results, it could be considered as an effective, industrial‐scale, and green nanocatalyst for the desulfurization of refractory sulfur compounds in extremely mild conditions.
Continuous discrete cubature quadrature Kalman filter
Authors:   Swati
Published: February 2021

In this paper, cubature quadrature Kalman filter algorithm has been reformulated for nonlinear state space model of continuous‐discrete nature. The developed method is named as continuous‐discrete cubature quadrature Kalman filter (CD‐CQKF). The formulated algorithm has been applied to track the trajectory of an aircraft. The process is described with coordinated turn model. From the simulation result, it has been observed that the developed CD‐CQKF provides better estimation compared with continuous‐discrete cubature Kalman filter.
Precession of triaxially deformed neutron stars
Authors: Gao Yong , Shao Lijing
Published: February 2021

A deformed neutron star (NS) will precess if the instantaneous spin axis and the angular momentum are not aligned. Such a precession can produce continuous gravitational waves (GWs) and modulate electromagnetic pulse signals of pulsars. In this contribution, we extend our previous work in a more convenient parameterization. We treat NSs as rigid triaxial bodies and give analytical solutions for angular velocities and Euler angles. We summarize the general GW waveforms from freely precessing triaxial NSs and use Taylor expansions to obtain waveforms with a small wobble angle. For pulsar signals, we adopt a simple cone model to study the timing residuals and pulse profile modulations. In reality, the electromagnetic torque acts on pulsars and affects the precession behavior. Thereof, as an additional extension to our previous work, we consider a vacuum torque and display an illustrative example for the residuals of body‐frame angular velocities. Detailed investigations concerning continuous GWs and modulated pulsar signals from forced precession of triaixal NSs will be given in future studies.