bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Anthropometric and Demographic Factors to Predict Small Bowel Length to Prevent Malnutrition in Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sayadishahraki Masoud , Mahmoudieh Mohsen , Keleidari Behrooz , Melali Hamid , Heidary Mahmood , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Qane Mohamad Davud
Published: August 2023

Background:

Small bowel length measurements and estimation have high clinical importance, especially in bariatric surgeries to prevent postoperation malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between demographic and anthropometric factors with small bowel length.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients that were candidates of abdominal surgeries. Anthropometric factors including age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, right wrist and waist circumstance, length of the right hand 2nd and 4th fingers and 2nd to 4th finger ratio, and length of the right hemithorax were obtained. Whole length of the small bowel was measured during surgery from the ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal junction between the mesenteric and antimesenteric border of the intestine.

Results:

The mean small bowel length was 5.45 ± 1.62 meters and significantly lower in women compared to men (P = 0.003) and had a significant direct relationship with height (r = 0.3, P < 0.001), an inverse relationship to 2nd to 4th finger ratio (= −0.34, P < 0.001). There were the same correlations between small intestine length with height and the 2nd to 4th finger ratio in open surgeries (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between age (r = 0.33, P = 0.032), weight (r= −0.60, P, 0.001), waist circumstance (r = −0.43, P = 0.004), and length of the right hemithorax (r = −0.47, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Using demographic and anthropometric factors, we could predict the small bowel length. These results could be further used in bariatric surgeries to avoid possible malnutrition.
Investigating the Relationship between Electroconvulsive Therapy and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahimian Abdurrahim , Rahmani Baranoosh , Garshad Javad , Salarvand Ali , Mansourian Mahsa
Published: August 2023

Physical therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may result in higher response and recovery rates, especially in patients who have treatment-resistant depression. Various studies have reported different changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters before and after depression treatment with ECT. Therefore, the present study reviews systematically the evidence describing changes in HRV parameters and the cardiac autonomic nervous system associated with ECT. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases were searched for papers published up to September 8, 2022, without any restriction on the year and language of the study. A total of 895 articles were reviewed by two independent groups and nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were assessed. In conclusion, the results of our systematic review provided limited evidence for the influence of ECT on HRV parameters. Despite studies suggesting depression results in a decrease in parasympathetic activity and ECT results in an increase in cardiac vagal activity, ECT seems to have no consistent effect on HRV parameters.
Management of Medoroga w.s.r. to Obesity
Authors: Wadhwa Ritu
Published: August 2023

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have imposed various interventions such as lockdowns, that was need of the hour but this situation has changed daily regimen which includes less physical activities and may lead to overweight and obesity. It occurs when calorie intake exceeds the metabolic expenditure. So, the aim is to decrease calorie intake and increase the expenditure through Ayurveda Principles, that is, NidanParivarjan (preventive therapy) and Samshodha (purification therapy). A Female visited to D.Y. Patil Ayurvedic Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai for weight reduction as during lockdown period she has gained 12 kg weight, having aalasya, atikshudha, breathing difficulty while climbing, fatigue and knee joint pain. Her weight was 84 kg and BMI was 34.5kg/m2. On the basis of BMI and her symptoms it was diagnosed as Medoroga (sthaulya). To manage her weight yoga Asanas and diet chart are explained and two sittings of nine PippalyadiBastiwas given. It was found that PippalyadiBastias samshodhan and yog aasanas, diet chart as nidanparivarjanare effective in the management of Medoroga. Patient lost 12kg weight.
A Homoeopathic Journey of Epidemic/ Pandemic Diseases from Hahnemannian Epoch to COVID-19
Authors: Manjula Haleholi
Published: August 2023

As evidenced in Hahnemann's writings, Epidemic diseases were successfully managed by homoeopathic system of medicine. In the footnote 17 of aphorism 33, Organon of medicine, where in Hahnemann explained the prevention of scarlet fever using Belladonna. Thereafter, many homoeopaths successfully managed several epidemics, at different points of time and at different parts of the globe. Even though Hippocrates used the notional axiom, Genius Epidemicus, Hahnemann utilized it successfully for the management of epidemics. In this review, all the available homoeopathic literature was searched to find out the historical evidence of the homoeopathic medicines which were successfully utilized during epidemics and pandemics. Presently, the entire world is facing novel COVID-19, as a pandemic disease since its emergence from Wuhan in late 2019. The conventional systems of medicines across the world have been trying to control the pandemic, but none have succeeded. Vaccinations are introduced for prevention of COVID-19, only on Emergency Usage Approvals, as the real data about their efficacy and the collateral damage induced by them, is yet to be studied.

However, globally many homoeopaths have reported to have managed COVID-19 disease with different homoeopathic medicines. There have been different approaches towards the prevention, management and treatment of this pandemic, which have been subject of intense scrutiny and discussion, all over. The present review is aimed not only to bring forward the success stories of homoeopathy during the past epidemics, but also about homoeopathy being utilized for prevention, as well as treatment in the current pandemic.
Tessier cleft type 5 craniofacial anomaly – A rare oblique facial cleft
Authors: John Zynul Ali Sirsmith , Shrivastav Sunita S. , Bhola Nitin
Published: August 2023

One of the rarest types of craniofacial malformations is Tessier cleft type 5. These are oblique facial clefts with bony defect representing an alveolar cleft in the premolar region. This extends to the lateral surface of the maxilla up to the infraorbital rim and orbital floor. The cleft begins in the upper lip, just medial to the commissure, and extends up to the eyelid. They may also show deficient maxillary growth on the side of the cleft, clinically represented as constriction in the maxilla and occlusal cant. It becomes very challenging to treat such cases and requires a team approach. The goals of such cases include surgical repair of the lower eyelid and outer canthus, expansion of the arch and alignment, Bone grafting for the alveolar cleft, zygomatic region, and orbital rim to restore the continuity. The following is a case report of Tessier type 5 facial cleft describing the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approach for the case.
Comparison of conventional Le-fort I advancement, anterior maxillary segmental distraction, and distraction osteogenesis of maxilla for surgical management of cleft maxillary hypoplasia
Authors: Mistry Taher Abbas , Mistry Abbas
Published: August 2023

This systematic review compares conventional Le-fort I advancement (CLO), anterior maxillary segmental distraction (AMD) and distraction osteogenesis of maxilla (DOM) for the treatment of cleft maxillary hypoplasia in terms of the amount of maxillary advancement achievable, relapse, residual velopharyngeal incompetence and soft tissue changes. All patients with maxillary hypoplasia secondary to cleft palate repair were taken into consideration irrespective of their gender, age and ethnic background. Literature research was done in databases PubMed, Ovid and Google scholar beta. From the original 429 articles identified, 17 articles were finally included, which passed the critical appraisal checklist and met the inclusion criteria. The mean advancement ranged from 6.59 mm to 16.5 mm for DOM, 6–14.28 mm for AMD and 5.17–7.2 mm for CLO. Relapse was 8.24%–45% for DOM, 4.6%–7% for AMD and 21.63%–63% for CLO. Velopharyngeal insufficiency increased significantly following Le-fort I advancement, while there was no significant change after anterior maxillary distraction and DOM. The ratio of soft tissue to hard tissue changes was greatest with AMD, followed by DOM and then CLO. Distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla and AMD are plausible treatment options for cleft maxillary advancement. Due to less stability and restricted amount of possible advancement, Le-fort I osteotomy should be reserved for minor skeletal discrepancies in cleft patients.
Rationale for the treatment of unilateral cleft lip – GC4 protocol
Authors: Mehra Anhad , Sarma Hiteswar
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the surgical outcomes of 200 patients who were treated for unilateral cleft lip (UCL) over a period of 4 months in our cleft care center.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective audit of all the patients who had undergone UCL repair from January to April 2019. The patients were stratified based on the cleft severity. Fisher technique was employed for the correction of incomplete cleft lip while modified Mohler technique was the choice of repair for complete cleft lip. Clinical records including each patient's preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken into consideration.

Results:

Of the 200 patients who had undergone lip repair, 56% were male and 44% were female. The average age of the patients treated was 10.5 months. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Scar Assessment Scale were used to evaluate the scar, taking into account pigmentation, vascularity, acceptability, parent comfort, and contour. The results ranged from “excellent” and “good” in the case of incomplete cleft lip repair to “good” and “acceptable” in the case of complete cleft lip repair. Postoperative follow-up revealed that 5 of them had complications related to dehiscence and bleeding.

Conclusion:

Fisher's method in patients with unilateral incomplete cleft lip proved the effectiveness in improving the esthetic results with good symmetry while the Mohler modification of Millard technique helped achieve optimal lip length with acceptable esthetics.
Management of median cleft lip
Authors: Prasad S. Manu , Nair P. Aravind , Anushree N. , Harish K.
Published: August 2023

Median cleft or midline cleft is a congenital vertical cleft through the center of the upper lip. Median facial anomalies are broadly divided into those with a deficiency of tissue and those with normal or excessive amount of tissue. The main objective of concern during surgery is both functional and esthetics.
Characterization of Mexican pediatric nostril sill
Authors: Davila-Diaz Rodrigo , De-Luna-Gallardo Daniel , Castillo-Torres Tatiana Izchel , Arguelles-Lopez Patricia Elizabeth , Morales-Orozco Christian
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The nostril sill is defined as the “facial subunit composed of fibro-adipose soft tissue whose topographic delimitation is given by four anatomical limits: the medial crura of the columella on its medial limit, the nasal wing on its lateral limit, the nasal vestibule in its upper limit, and the upper lip on the lower limit.” It represents an essential element in the appearance, balance, and function of the nose. The study and classification of the nostril sill in the healthy Mexican pediatric population are the necessary tools for facial reconstruction since it is generally affected in patients with cleft lip and palate and craniofacial malformations.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to describe the nostril sill in the Mexican pediatric population using standardized photographs taken in frontal and basal projections and classifying according to Oh et
al. and to study if there is a significant relationship between nostril sill with age and gender.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample size of 83 healthy children aged between 3 and 12 years, simple randomly chosen. The classification was performed with facial photographs in frontal and basal projections. The data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, kappa concordance coefficient was used between observers, and bivariate analysis was used to evaluate the association of the nostril sill classification with age and gender.

Results:

Of the 83 volunteers, 51.8% (n = 43) were female and 48.2% (n = 40) male, with a mean age of 7.38 years. The 74.6% (n = 62) were classified as a nostril sill Type I, 14.4% (n = 12) as Type III, and 10.8% (n = 9) as Type II, with a Cohen's kappa coefficient between observers of 0.92 (almost perfect agreement). In the bivariate analysis with Chi-square test, no statistically significant association was found between age (P = 0.420) and sex (P = 0.524).

Conclusion:

The nostril sill of the nostril represents a fundamental nasal subunit that every reconstructive surgeon must recognize and locate. It is crucial to describe and classify the nostril sill according to ethnic and racial characteristics, in the Mexican pediatric population, the most frequent corresponds to Type I, followed by Type III and finally the least frequent Type II, and that gender and age are not associated with a specific type.
Peri-implant Tissue Score as Criteria to Assess the Success of Osseointegrated Dental Implants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chopra Tanya , Garg Sakshi , Singh Preetinder , Bala Deepak , Zahoor Mehak , Kour Sukhmeet
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Peri-implant tissue score (PITS) has been used to assess and measure the success of osseointegrated endosseous dental implants by studying the peri-implant morphology in previously placed dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 300 patients who got implants placed previously were evaluated for bone levels, inflammatory status, recession, mucosa, and the patient profile in the time period of <1.5 years, 1.5–3 years, 3–4.5 years, and 4.5–6 years using a graduated periodontal plastic probe.

Results:

The results were statistically nonsignificant as the parameters did not differ significantly among different year groups.

Conclusion:

PITS is established as a noninvasive chairside diagnostic tool for clinicians to evaluate the overall implant health and the need for any intervention for the health of implant, but it does not prove to be that efficacious in the frame of time gap of implant placement.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY

PITS has been recently established as a chairside diagnostic tool for assessing peri-implant health status and its further evaluation for efficacy will help clinicians with easy diagnosis for ailing, failing, or failed implants.
Customized Auricular Stent for Recanalization
Authors: Raj Indu , Madhusoodanan Amritha K. , Nanukuttan Sreeja K.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Congenital aural atresia is a developmental deformity present at birth which involves some degree of hypoplasia or aplasia of the external auditory canal that causes both esthetic and functional impairments. Canalization surgery is the corrective procedure done to create communication between the external ear and the middle ear to improve conduction hearing. Literature shows canalization can be failed by a high restenosis rate (8%–42%). In this case report of a 6-year-old male child with complaints of reduced hearing and lack of speech clarity with a history of a failed previous canalplasty, the diagnosis was microtia of the left side and atresia of the right external auditory canal. Right ear external recanalization surgery along with the use of a surgical stent was planned. The impression for the stent is made during the surgery itself to ensure the success of the procedure. Long-term maintenance of the surgical stent reduced restenosis. In the follow-up, the audiological assessment showed a good outcome; and normal hearing, in a postoperative period of 6 months. Based on the outcome of this case report a suggestion can be put forward that “to ensure the best prognosis after canalization procedure, the long-term usage of a customized surgical stent is essential.”

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY

• Congenital aural atresia is a case scenario demanding a multidisciplinary approach for its comprehensive management

• The first surgical attempt to correct this condition became a failure due to the lack of proper planning and execution

• In this case, the multidisciplinary team included ENT surgeons, plastic surgeons anesthesiologists, and prosthodontists. Recanalization was done by the ENT surgeon; a split-thickness skin graft was placed by the plastic surgeon and the canal patency maintenance was accomplished by the prosthodontist

• Here, careful planning and proper involvement of the entire team including the on-the-table impression making by the prosthodontist ensued the clinical success.
A Surgical Procedure for Replanting a Tooth that Has Been Rendered Hopeless Because of Periodontitis
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Chauhan Shailendra S. , Nagpal Ajay , Sinha Aditya , Sharma Satendra , Kaul Prakriti , Kulshrestha Saksham
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

This article describes a periodontally compromised, hopeless incisor tooth that was purposefully replanted, along with the results after 6 months. This entails the deliberate removal of the tooth and its subsequent correct manipulation and endodontic restoration before reinserting it into the socket. Hopeless lower incisors with periodontal involvement were transplanted utilizing an implant surgical drilling approach after receiving root canal therapy and tetracycline hydrochloride conditioning. Bone graft material was added, and the procedure was monitored for 6 months. The tooth was observed to be asymptomatic, functioning normally, and showing no pathologic radiological changes. With minimal bleeding during probing and no growth of pathological pockets, the periodontal condition was within normal limits. Alveolar bone support was seen to be adequate. The results may suggest that, in some circumstances, purposeful replantation is a viable strategy of treatment for maintaining the native dentition. Intentional tooth reimplantation can be an alternative treatment option for periodontally involved teeth with poor or hopeless prognosis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY

It is a combined perio-endo surgery.
Efficacy of three irrigation methods in removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals: An in vitro micro-CT study
Authors: Radeva Elka N , Mironova Jasmina V , Marinova-Takorova Mirela B
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

This in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of three different irrigation methods in removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals and to estimate the amount of residual medicament using microcomputed tomography.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty extracted molars with curved mesial root canals, ranging from 25° to 30°, were prepared with ProTaper Next using X2 to full working length and were filled with calcium hydroxide. Teeth also were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 8)— Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) laser; group 2 (n = 8)—EndoActivator; group 3 (n = 8)—EndoVac; and a control group (n = 6)—negative control with no calcium hydroxide. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the residual amount of filling material. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26, with a significance level of 0.05. Descriptive statistics, student t test, and Chi-square test were applied for data analysis.

Results:

The greatest amount of residual calcium hydroxide was observed in the samples with EndoVac irrigation (0.515 mm3), followed by EndoActivator (0.381 mm3) and Er:YAG laser (0.121 mm3). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. The greatest residual amount was observed in the apical third (0.419 mm3), followed by the middle (0.050 mm3) and the coronal (0.015 mm3).

Conclusions:

No statistically significant differences were observed in the efficacy of the tested techniques for removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals, whereas a significant difference was observed in the distribution of residual material depending on the technique used. The removal of the calcium hydroxide was more effective in the coronal and middle third of the canal. The greatest residual material was found in the apical portion of the root canal.
Относительная оптимальность в нелинейных дифференциальных играх с дискретным управлением
Authors: Shchelchkov Kirill Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2023

Рассматриваются две задачи управления с помехой, в качестве которой выступает второй игрок в дифференциальной игре. Динамика первой задачи описывается нелинейной системой дифференциальных уравнений первого порядка, динамика второй - нелинейной системой дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка. Управление осуществляется посредством кусочно постоянного управления, множество значений которого является конечным. Целью управления является движение сколь угодно близко к конечной траектории, описываемой вспомогательной системой управления простого вида, при любых действиях помехи. В обеих задачах получены фазовые ограничения на вспомогательную систему, в рамках которых управление вспомогательной системы может быть любым. Для любой окрестности и произвольного управления вспомогательной системы, которое удовлетворяет полученным ограничениям, в исходных задачах существуют допустимые управления, обеспечивающие в каждый момент времени нахождение фазовой точки исходной системы в указанной окрестности соответствующей фазовой точки вспомогательной системы. Таким образом, с учетом полученных ограничений, выбирая управление вспомогательной системы оптимальным в каком-либо смысле, можно осуществить сколь угодно близкое движение исходной системы к такому решению вспомогательной системы при любых действиях помехи.
Библиография: 29 названий.
Measuring the impact of strategic planning on organizational performance using the PLS approach
Authors: Oumakhlouf Naoual , Kherbachi Hamid
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the impact of strategic planning on organizational performance of the companies by presenting a theoretical model that highlights this relationship. We conducted a survey of 46 industrial companies from different sectors to assess this impact. The results of structural equation modeling using the PLS approach show that a few dimensions of strategic planning positively affect only a certain number of financial and non-financial indicators of organizational performance.
Décomposition et effet de la litière de Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. Ex G. Don. sur la croissance et le rendement du riz en Basse Casamance, Sénégal
Authors: Basséne Jean , Diédhiou Siré , Diatta Yaya , Goudiaby Arfang Ousmane Kémo , Sagna Yves Paterne , Sow Mamadou , Camara Boubacar , Mbaye Papa N. , Sow Aliou , Fall Saliou , Ndoye Ibrahima , Diallo Mariama Dalanda
Published: August 2023

Afin d’améliorer le potentiel productif des terres rizicoles tout en préservant la biodiversité ligneuse, l’association judicieuse des cultures  et des arbres est une alternative de choix. Cela devra toutefois passer auparavant par la détermination de l’impact des substrats des  arbres d’intérêt (litière, terreau) sur la culture du riz. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’étudier la décomposition de la litière de Parkia  biglobosa et de déterminer l’effet de l’amendement de cette litière sur la croissance et le rendement du riz. Un dispositif en bloc  randomisé avec neufs traitements répétés trois fois, constitué de quatre doses de litière de feuille (F1[500g/m2 ], F2[1000g/m2 ],  F3[1500g/m2 ], F4[2000g/m2 ]), de gousse (G1 [300 g/m2 ], G2 [600 g/m2 ], G3 [900 g/m2 ], G4 [1200 g/m2 ]) et un témoin (T [0 g/m2]) a  été mis en place. Il ressort de ces résultats que La coque des gousses a eu une décomposition beaucoup plus rapide suivies des tiges et  des folioles. Les taux de germination de riz les plus élevés ont été observés avec les petites doses de litière [G1 (80%) et F2 (72%)]. Sur le  plan morphologique (tallage, feuille et hauteur), les doses les plus élevées de gousses (G4 et G3) et de feuilles (F3 et F4) ont été globalement plus performantes. Les rendements en grain les plus élevés ont été observés avec les traitements G4 (2,94 t/ha), G3 (1,44  t/ha), F4 (1,42 t/ha) et F3 (1,40 t/ha) et ce, comparé au témoin Pr= 0,000294. Ainsi, l’influence de la litière de Parkia biglobosa observée,  laisse présager une association bénéfique pour la culture du riz.
Insecticidal activity of Ricinus communis L. seed extract against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Kombieni Emmanuel , Tchabi Atti , Sourassou Nazer Famah , Nadio Abouwaliou Nafadjara , Djiwa Oyetounde , Banito Agnassim , Tounou Agbéko Kodjo , Sanda Komla
Published: August 2023

Insecticidal activity of the aqueous extract of the castor seed (Ricinus communis L.) against the Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera  frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the worst pests of maize crop, was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. In  laboratory, the larvicidal activity of three concentrations of the extract that are 150 g/l, 200 g/l and 250 g/l and their effects on the  development of FAW were evaluated through direct exposure and ingestion tests. The field experiment consisted of a randomized block  design with two extract concentrations – 200 g/l and 250 g/l – and negative control consisted of untreated plots and positive control plots were treated with Emacot (Emamectin benzoate). Results of the laboratory experiments revealed considerable larvicidal activity of the  extract through the ingestion test, inducing the larvae mortality of 75.8%, 60.3% and 46.5% for the extract concentrations of 250 g/l, 200  g/l and 150 g/l respectively, whereas positive (Emacot) and negative controls (emulsified water) recorded 100% and 3.3% of the larvae  mortality, respectively. The field results showed 10% and 11% of infested plants in plots treated with 200 and 250 g/l, respectively,  whereas Emacot-treated plots recorded 9.5% of infested plants. Untreated plots recorded the highest infested plants of 22.5%. The two- castor seed extract concentrations 200 g/l and 250 g/l reduced about 50% of maize plant infestation by FAW, thus could be a good  candidate as alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling the pest.
Influence of sowing dates on the population density of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE. Smith) and its damage on maize plants in Chad
Authors: Mbaidiro Josue Taambaijim’d , Onzo Alexis , Djenaissem Alfred , Mbaikoubou Mekila
Published: August 2023

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, constitutes a major challenge for maize growers and scientists, as it threatens the food security  of all these countries. In order to contribute to the sustainable management of the pest in Chad, this study aimed at assessing the effect  of sowing dates on the level of maize infestation in the field. Three sowing periods for maize, chosen in connection with the onset of  rains, were tested (the early sowing (July 2nd), the intermediate sowing (July 16th), and the late sowing (July 30th)) with a Fall armyworm- sensitive maize variety. The results indicated a significant effect of sowing dates on the population densities of the pest, with the early  sowing hosting the highest density and infestation rate of the pest, compared to the intermediate and late sowing (P < 0.0001). Moreover,  the results showed a significant impact of sowing dates on grain yield (P < 0.005), with significantly higher values in the  intermediate sowing while, the early and late sowing recorded lower yields. These results indicated that the intermediate sowing should  be recommended for this early maturing and fall armyworm-sensitive maize variety to limit population outbreaks of this pest, together  with its adverse consequences on maize yield.
Social factors explaining poor fishing practices on Buyo Lake in N'zo Partial Wildlife Reserve, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koigny Kouadio Juslin Hervé , Diarrassouba Abdoulaye , Yelkouni Martin , Assie Djeyao Roy Hartman , Wairimu Velmah Wambui
Published: August 2023

The Buyo lake, which is the result of Buyo hydroelectric dam, is exploited by the local population for fishing. However, fishermen use non- regulatory fishing gear and techniques that destroy fish stock, leading to a depletion of the lake's fisheries resource. This study aimed at  understanding the social factors that explain the use of non-regulatory fishing tools and techniques by fishermen. Social data and data  relating to fishing practices were collected from 109 fishermen of Buyo lake in 3 fishermen camps, namely PK15, PK28, and Derra. Statistical analysis of the data showed that young fishermen are the most numerous and represent a proportion of 58.75% of this  population. The years of experience of the fishermen vary from 2 years to 40 years with an average of 19.3 years. The majority of  fishermen are illiterate, that is 86.24%. Fishing was the main economic activity for 96.33% of the fishermen. The fishermen visited Buyo  lake daily for fishing. The majority of fishermen (92.66%) acknowledged a decline in the fishery resource in Buyo lake. The results also  showed that the poor fishing practices adopted by the fishermen can be explained by the age of the fishermen and their years of  experience of the fishermen.
Black Seed (Nigella sativa) oil restores smoke or nicotine-induced vascular impairment via improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation: role of nitric oxide synthase and voltage-sensitive potassium channels
Authors: Adejare Abdullahi A. , Oloyo Ahmed K. , Ishola Imaila O. , Busari Abdulwasiu A. , Ismail-Badmus Khadijah B. , Abdulrazaq Muhammed M.
Published: August 2023

Background: Despite the overwhelming evidence linking smoking and nicotine intake with vascular function impairments, the mechanisms involved and the possible ameliorative effect of black seed (Nigella sativa (NS)) oil administration are not clearly understood. This study sought to determine the involvement of nitric oxide synthase and voltage-sensitive potassium channels in the modulation of vascular reactivity in cigarette or nicotine-exposed rats treated with NS oil.

Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups comprising vehicle control (Control), NS oil only (NS), Smoke only (SMK), Smoke + NS oil (SMKNS), Nicotine only (NCT) and Nicotine + NS oil (NCTNS). Animals were either passively exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour for 12 weeks, however, NS oil treatment commenced from 9th-12th week orally. At the end of the 12-week experimental period, vascular reactivity to norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed with or without the presence of L-nitro-arginine (LNA) or 4-Amino-pyridine (4AP).

Results: Percent contractile response to NE was higher (p < 0.01) while relaxation response to ACh was lower in the SMK and NCT (p < 0.05) groups. LNA-induced inhibition to ACh was significantly reduced in both SMK and NCT groups. 4AP-induced inhibition to ACh was significantly increased only in the NCT group. 4AP-induced inhibition to SNP was increased in SMK group. NS oil reduced only contractile response to NE in NCT group. It also significantly improved relaxation response to ACh as well as restored LNA-induced inhibition to ACh in the SMK and NCT groups. Interestingly, while NS oil reduced 4AP-induced inhibition in the NCT group, it reduced 4AP-induced inhibition to SNP in the SMK group.

Conclusion: NS oil ameliorates vascular dysfunction by reducing contractile response in rats exposed to nicotine vapour while increasing endothelium-dependent relaxation as well as restoring differentially both LNA- and 4AP-induced inhibition in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and nicotine vapour.
DESAIN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP RECTANGULAR ARRAY 2X1 UNTUK RADAR KAPAL
Authors: Bagus Bambang , Aditiyawarman M. Andra , Pambudiyatno Nyaris , Suprapto Yuyun
Published: August 2023

Antena merupakan salah satu komponen vital dalam suatu pemancar atau penerima. Antena bekerja dengan mentransmisikan dan menerima gelombang elektromagnetik dari dan ke udara. Antena mikrostrip merupakan salah satu jenis antena yang saat ini sering diaplikasikan di beberapa peralatan sebagai salah satu antena alternatif dan inovasi antena dikarenakan proses fabrikasi yang mudah dan murah.Penelitian ini mencoba dan merealisasikan antena mikrostrip recatngular patch untuk radar kapal yang diketahui bekerja pada frekuensi S-Band (2.2 GHz) dengan mengikuti standarisisasi spesifikasi antena radar yang dibutuhkan. Substrat yang digunakan pada antena ini adalah FR-4. Pada penelitian kali ini, penulis akan mencoba untuk mendesain dan menganalisa  kinerja antena mikrostrip patch rectangular menggunakan aplikasi CST Studio Suite 2019 sebagai salah satu bentuk media pembelajaran antena alternatif pada frekuensi 2.2 GHz dan diharapkan memiliki nilai parameter VSWR ≤ 2, dan nilai return loss ≤ 10 dB.
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI QUIZIZZ SEBAGAI MEDIA UNTUK MELAKSANAKAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Aditiyawarman M. Andra , Sondang Meini , Hanifah Lilik , Kusumayati Lusiana Dewi
Published: August 2023

To stop the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the learning system in Indonesia is also adapting by providing options for the implementation of online, offline, or blended learning processes. The use of online learning media is an alternative to the implementation of learning that reduces the risk of direct interaction between students. One of the online learning media that can be used during the learning process in general and the evaluation of learning in particular is the use of the quiziz application. This study aims to describe the quizizz media as an evaluation application for classroom learning. Quiziz is an educational game application that is narrative and flexible in nature that can be used as a means of delivering material as well as an interesting and fun learning evaluation medium. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that uses observation data collection methods and library research or library research, namely reading, studying, and reviewing books and writings related to the discussion. Based on the research, the results that can be achieved in the Quizizz application as a learning medium are: (1) The increased enthusiasm of students during the learning process increases because quiziz is one of the online learning media that contains games (interactive quizzes); (2) The increasing ability of students to understand the questions independently can be seen from the results of the pre-test, post-test, practice questions, and material strengthening; (3) Students participate actively during the learning process; (4) The use of the quiziz application can train students' time management accuracy in working on questions; (5) The use of the quiziz application can train students' calmness to work on questions or quizzes. Thus it can be concluded that the Quizizz application media is very effectively used in the learning evaluation process.
Improved Gadgets for the High-Order Masking of Dilithium
Authors: Coron Jean-Sébastien , Gérard François , Trannoy Matthias , Zeitoun Rina
Published: August 2023

We present novel and improved high-order masking gadgets for Dilithium, a post-quantum signature scheme that has been standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST). Our proposed gadgets include the ShiftMod gadget, which is used for efficient arithmetic shifts and serves as a component in other masking gadgets. Additionally, we propose a new algorithm for Boolean-to-arithmetic masking conversion of a μ-bit integer x modulo any integer q, with a complexity that is independent of both μ and q. This algorithm is used in Dilithium to mask the generation of the random variable y modulo q. Moreover, we describe improved techniques for masking the Decompose function in Dilithium. Our new gadgets are proven to be secure in the t-probing model.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our countermeasures by presenting a complete high-order masked implementation of Dilithium that utilizes the improved gadgets described above. We provide practical results obtained from a C implementation and compare the performance improvements provided by our new gadgets with those of previous work.
Low Trace-Count Template Attacks on 32-bit Implementations of ASCON AEAD
Authors: You Shih-Chun , Kuhn Markus G. , Sarkar Sumanta , Hao Feng
Published: August 2023

The recently adopted Ascon standard by NIST offers a lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm for use in resource-constrained cryptographic devices. To help assess side-channel attack risks of Ascon implementations, we present the first template attack based on analyzing power traces, recorded from an STM32F303 microcontroller board running Weatherley’s 32-bit implementations of Ascon-128. Our analysis combines a fragment template attack with belief-propagation and key-enumeration techniques. The main results are three-fold: (1) we reached 100% success rate from a single trace if the C compiler optimized the unmasked implementation for space, (2) the success rate was about 95% after three traces if the compiler optimized instead for time, and (3) we also attacked a masked version, where the success rate was over 90% with 20 traces of executions with the same key, all after enumerating up to 224 key candidates. These results show that suitably-designed template attacks can pose a real threat to Ascon implementations, even if protected by first-order masking, but we also learnt how some differences in programming style, and even compiler optimization settings, can significantly affect the result.
Pincering SKINNY by Exploiting Slow Diffusion
Authors: Costes Nicolas , Stam Martijn
Published: August 2023

Lightweight cryptography is an emerging field where designers are testing the limits of symmetric cryptography. We investigate the resistance against sidechannel attacks of a new class of lighter blockciphers, which use a classic substitution–permutation network with slow diffusion and many rounds.Among these ciphers, we focus on SKINNY, a primitive used up to the final round ofNIST’s recent lightweight standardisation effort. We show that the lack of diffusion in the key scheduler allows an attacker to combine leakage from the first and the last rounds, effectively pincering its target. Furthermore, the slow diffusion used by its partial key-absorption and linear layers enable, on both sides, to target S-Boxes from several rounds deep.As some of these S-boxes leak on the same part of the key, full key recovery exploiting all leakage requires a clever combining strategy. We introduce the use of cluster graph inference (an established tool from probabilistic graphical model theory) to enhance both unprofiled or profiled differential power analysis, enabling us to handlethe increase of S-Boxes with their intertwined leakage.We evaluate the strength of our attack both in the Hamming weight model and against two implementations running on an STM32F303 ARM Cortex-M4 hosted on a ChipWhisperer target board, showing that our attack reduces the number of traces required to attack SKINNY by a factor of around 2.75.
Sprachliches Selbstverständnis und sprachliche Realität: ein soziolinguistisches Experiment zum Gebrauch balearischer Artikel
Authors: Radatz Hans-Ingo
Published: August 2023

The Majorcan variety of spoken Catalan is different from the rest of the Catalan dialects, among other things in the area of the so-called articles salats ('salted articles'), derived from Latin IPSE. These articles constitute for most Majorcans the most important distinguishing feature of their dialect and are therefore perceived as a symbol of Majorcan linguistic identity, which many islanders see as equally threatened by Castilian as by standard Catalan. Their emotional connotations make them a very interesting sociolinguistic parameter because their use is governed by a set of subtle semantic rules. The Majorcan article-system has two subsystems of exceptions: a) after the preposition amb, the allomorph so(s) of the masculine article is used, and b) there is a group of nouns, which are traditionally incompatible with with the IPSE-article and always require the literary article, even in the spoken dialect.The experiment concentrates on the two rules of exception, which, due to their complexity, are easily affected by various extra-linguistic factors and lead to variation which may be interpreted as signs of "linguistic insecurity". The experiment consists of a part in which the 7 informants translate a questionnaire with 22 Spanish sentences into Majorcan and a second part, in which they have to answer questions of a sociological nature. The treatment of the exceptions is then compared with the language of Antoni Maria Alcover's folk-tales Rondaies Mallorquines, calculating the individual degree of deviation of each informant from Alcover's usage. In the individual studies of each informant, the possible relationships between sociological and linguistic factors are analysed.
Katalanismus und Faschismus: zur Interpretation eines katalanistischen Memorandums an das nationalsozialistische Deutschland
Authors: Núñez Seixas Xosé-Manoel , Núñez Seixas Xosé-Manoel
Published: August 2023

International fascism has been, during the interwar period, a model that also influenced the development of many "peripheral" nationalist movements. In the Catalan case, on the one hand, there was an approach of intellectualizing nuclei of Catalanism to the most avant-garde postulates of fascism, and on the other hand an approximation of a group of parties such as the Catalan League and Action with the politicians of German national minorities of the 1920s. During the Second Republic, a fraction of the radical nationalist current continued to play with the possibility of obtaining foreign aid from the fascist powers, which led them to present a detailed project of collaboration with in the Third Reich in 1935 and again in May 1936. Despite not being taken into account by Nazi diplomacy, leading figure Batista i Roca made a few more attempts in September 1936, which did not succeed either.
Repetició consecutiva i idiomaticitat
Authors: Cuenca Maria Josep
Published: August 2023

In this paper, two types of idiomatic constructions are described, namely consecutive repetition and coordinate repetition. Considering corpus examples, these constructions and their subtypes are identified and characterized; they are also related to and differentiated from similar structures such as emphatic repetition, mimetic repetition or tautology. Consecutive and coordinate repetitions implement meanings related with intensification or increase (in degree, number or duration) and, in some cases, can be associated to prototype effects (i.e., prototype identification or referential dissociation).Keywords: Repetition, idiomaticity, construction, intensification, prototype effects, tautology.
El grau de gramaticalització dels marcadors metadiscursius endofòrics. Com hem explicat anteriorment i altres variants
Authors: Obis Aina
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article analyzes the degree of grammaticalization and fixation of 19 metadiscourse markers that establish endophoric relations in nine academic essays written by university students. These markers contribute to the organization of the discourse as they refer to information given in other parts of the text and guide the reader to the desired interpretation. A morphological approach of the study shows some compositional variation of the elements integrated in these markers, whereas a syntactic approach reveals more fixation of these parenthetical segments that act peripherally and present mobility in the statement. From the pragmatic point of view, these markers develop a principal function as referential markers, but they have also secondary functions like conclusive and continuative. This formal and functional variation leads us to yet consider them at the first stages of grammaticalization. Keywords: Endophoric markers, discourse markers, metadiscourse, grammaticalization, pragmatic functions, academic writings
Ans y antes: de la anterioridad a la refutación en catalán y en español
Authors: Estellés Arguedas Maria , Cuenca Maria Josep
Published: August 2023

Summary: The present paper compares the uses of Cat. ans and Sp. antes as a single marker and as a component of parenthetical connectives. They share the same Latin origin, the spatial-temporal adverb ANTE (‘before, prior to’), and have developed to a different extent temporal, comparative and contrastive uses. Although in earlier stages ans and antes had refutative values on their own, nowadays these meanings are found mainly in parenthetical connectives containing the adverb ans / antes, namely ans bé / ans al contrari in Catalan and antes bien / antes al contrario in Spanish. In spite of their apparent similarity and verbatim correspondence in both Romance languages analyzed, a synchronic corpus analysis reveals differences in the frequency and distribution of these markers, both intra- and cross-linguistically. Regarding frequency, ans al contrari is more common in Catalan, whereas antes bien appears more often in Spanish. In terms of distribution, distinct positional preferences are found in each language, as well as specific syntactic-discursive combinations. Keywords: Discourse markers, parenthetical connectives, refutation, Catalan, Spanish
Els marcadors del discurs: caracterització general
Authors: Robles i Sabater Ferran , Bertomeu Pi Pau
Published: August 2023

Summary: Discourse markers have not been a central issue in language studies until a very recent time; as a result, the first attempts to define and characterize this pragmatic category can only be found in the last two decades. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize the defining features of discourse markers in Catalan. To do so, we first propose a classification of these particles, based on Portolés (2007). Following Marín (2005) and Cuenca (2006, 2017), we then describe discourse markers on the grounds of cognitive grammar and its understanding of categories as open sets with fuzzy boundaries. In this way we intend to reach a prototypical representation of the class of discourse markers in Catalan which helps to better understand the ways in which they differ from other language categories and the functions they fulfill in discourse construction. Keywords: Discourse markers, grammaticalization, cognitive grammar, text construction, metadiscourse