bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Everyday Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ilha Villanova Ana Luisa , Pina e Cunha Miguel
Published: November 2020

We systematically review the concept and main characteristics of everyday creativity. First, we highlight the fact that a comprehensive definition of everyday creativity is still missing. The evidence reveals that the lack of a single approach for assessing everyday creative outcomes has led to an ambiguous understanding of this concept. Therefore, we propose a complementary perspective to define everyday creativity moving toward a broader comprehension of the construct. Second, we identify and analyze the main proprieties of everyday creativity in order to clearly distinguish it from big‐c creativity, genius kind of creativity; thereby offering a more complete explanation of the concept. Last, we outline pathways for future research, emphasizing the potential of everyday creativity studies to intersect between multiple fields.
Remote sensing of chemical agents within nuclear facilities using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Foster Michael , Wharton Michael , Brooks William , Goundry Matthew , Warren Charles , Storey Jonathan
Published: November 2020

The identification and characterisation of radioactive material and other hazardous substances are essential requirements for the nuclear industry. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify substances; however, given the challenging nature of the environment, instruments typically cannot be located within 1 m of the target substance. A new stand‐off Raman instrument using a spatial heterodyne spectrometer mounted on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is presented, and its ability to identify a range of chemicals of interest to the industry is demonstrated within a representative environment. The instrument demonstrated an ability to routinely make Raman observations at 1 m from the target with all sensitive electronic elements situated remotely outside the target environment.
Lipase nanogel catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E succinate in non‐aqueous phase
Authors: Jiaojiao Xia , Bin Zou , Ruoyu Zhou , Onyinye Adesanya I
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

In order to improve the stability of vitamin E and broaden its scope of application, an effective solution is to convert vitamin E into its derivatives. This work developed a new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) nanogel based on modification of ionic liquid with vinyl functional groups. This novel CRL nanogel was used in the preparation process of vitamin E succinate based on the principle of non‐aqueous enzymology. At the same time, various factors including enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, that affect the yield of vitamin E succinate were optimized and analyzed.

RESULTS

Different solvents with various hydrophobicity parameters (LogP values) from −1.3 to 3.5 were studied, it was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had the lowest LogP value among organic solvents but vitamin E succinate had the highest yield in DMSO. Furthermore, the effect of different operating conditions, such as molar ratios of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time was studied. Under the optimal process conditions (enzyme concentration 6 mg mL−1, substrate molar ratio 4:1, reaction temperature 55 °C and reaction time 15 h), the product yield was 62.58 ± 1.16%. CRL and CRL nanogel were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that CRL nanogel influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly by changing the structure and surface properties of CRL.

CONCLUSION

Novel lipase nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst for enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of vibrational spectroscopy to predict vitamin C in Kakadu plum powders (Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Combretaceae)
Authors: Cozzolino Daniel , Phan Anh Dao Thi , Netzel Michael E , Smyth Heather , Sultanbawa Yasmina
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using either mid‐infrared (MIR) or near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict the vitamin C content in Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Combretaceae) powder samples. Vitamin C is the main and quality‐determining bioactive compound in Kakadu plum (KP). Kakadu plum powder samples were analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector (UPLC‐PDA) and scanned using both MIR and NIR spectroscopy.

RESULTS

The coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error in cross validation (SECV) for vitamin C were 0.93 and 1811 mg 100 g dry weight (DW) and 0.91 and 1839 mg 100 g DW using MIR and NIR spectroscopy, respectively. The coefficient of correlation and the standard error of prediction (SEP) obtained using the independent set (n = 5) were 0.65 (SEP: 2367 mg 100 g DW) and 0.73 (SEP: 4773 mg 100 g DW) using MIR and NIR spectroscopy, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained in this study clearly showed that it is possible to calibrate IR spectroscopic instruments for the measurement of vitamin C in KP plum powder samples. Mid‐infrared spectroscopy showed the most promising results; however, Fourier transform near‐infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopy also produced models capable of good quantification of this important bioactive compound and vitamin. These findings are promising in terms of using high‐throughput IR spectroscopy as a routine technology to determine vitamin C in plant‐based foods and derived products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of leaf removal on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes
Authors: Yue Xiaofeng , Zhao Yameng , Ma Xin , Jiao Xuliang , Fang Yulin , Zhang Zhenwen , Ju Yanlun
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Anthocyanins, a major flavonoid class, determine the color and quality of wine. Recent research revealed that basal leaf removal can increase the content of these compounds. This study determined the effects of basal leaf removal on the anthocyanin profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes.

RESULTS

The effects of basal leaf removal on anthocyanin composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were investigated over two growing seasons. Leaf removal at 5% veraison (VB6) and at 100% veraison (VC6) was compared with a control. Reducing sugar and total anthocyanin contents in the leaf removal group were significantly higher than in the control group at harvest for both vintages. Leaf removal increased the content of individual anthocyanins and significantly improved the malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Mv‐3‐glc), peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Pn‐3‐glc), and malvidin‐3‐O‐(6‐acetyl)‐glucoside (Mv‐3‐acglc) content of the VB6 group. At harvest, VB6 treatment increased the transcript abundance of structural and regulator genes in the anthocyanin pathway, especially VvF3′5′H, VvLDOX, and VvDFR.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that leaf removal at 5% veraison may be useful for improving the anthocyanin content in grapes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Application Value of Real‐Time Shear Wave Elastography in Diagnosing the Depth of Infiltrating Muscular Layer of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Xia , Du Yuan‐Yuan , Guo Yan‐Jing , Zhou Jing‐Hong , Sun Cui‐Qin , Wen Xiao‐Duo , Wang Jing , Wang Nan , Yang Yi , Yan Xiao‐Jing
Published: November 2020

Objective

To explore the clinical value of real‐time shear wave ultrasonic elastography in diagnosing the depth of infiltrating muscularis of endometrial cancer.

Methods

Seventy‐one patients with stage I endometrial cancer infiltrating the myometrium and 37 patients with normal physical examination were enrolled and divided into three groups: endometrial cancer superficial muscle infiltration group, endometrial cancer deep muscle infiltration group, and normal control group. After completing 2‐dimensional ultrasound examination, each patient switched to the real‐time shear wave elastography mode to measure the elasticity values Emax, Emean, and Esd.

Results

For control group, comparison of elastic modulus values between superficial muscular layer near the intimal surface and the deep muscular layer near the serosa surface showed no difference (P > 0.05). For endometrial cancer superficial muscular infiltration group, significant difference was found regarding the elastic modulus values of infiltrated muscular layer and uninfiltrated muscular layer (Emax and Emean) without difference for Esd (P > 0.05). A significant difference of elastic modulus was observed between control group and deep myometrial infiltration group (P < 0.05) without difference of Emean or Emax but with difference of Esd. The accuracy in diagnosing muscular layer infiltration was 78.9% for Emax cutoff and 82.5% for Emean cutoff. The rate of using Emax ≥32.22 kPa or Emean ≥27.54 kPa as the ultrasound standard for diagnosing myometrium infiltration was 92.9%. The accuracy for the diagnosis of muscular layer infiltration was 96.1% for Emax cutoff, 94.1% for Emean cutoff and 86.3% for Esd cutoff.

Conclusion

Real‐time shear wave elastography is helpful to determine the depth of infiltrating myometrium of endometrial cancer.
Facial Tightening Effects, Following Focused and Radial Acoustic Wave Therapy Assessment, Using a Three‐Dimensional Digital Imaging
Authors: Kimura Kuriko , Tanaka Yohei
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives

Acoustic wave therapy is a novel facial tightening technique that involves nonthermal penetration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, affecting cells and their metabolism, and resulting in an increased release of unwanted fat and activation of blood and lymphatic flow in tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acoustic wave therapy.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A total of 333 patients underwent multiple facial tightening treatment sessions using focused and radial acoustic waves. Each patient received 2,000–3,000 pulses of focused acoustic waves at a power of 0.45–0.88 mJ/mm2 with a pulse frequency of 3–5 Hz and 4,000 pulses of radial acoustic waves at 4‐bar power at a frequency of 21 Hz. These sessions were performed more than three times, and treatments were repeated at 1‐month intervals. Digital photographs superimposed three‐dimensional volumetric assessments, and three‐dimensional skin surface displacement calculations using vectors were used to evaluate the results 12 months after the last treatment. Patients also evaluated the results using a 5‐point Likert scale.

Results

Improvements in skin texture, clarity, and laxity were observed in digital photographs. Superimposed three‐dimensional color images showed marked volumetric reduction and/or formative modification for even contour toward the lower mid‐face. Most vectors showed three‐dimensional skin surface displacement at the lateral sides of the temples, cheeks, and chin, in an upward direction. These results were obtained and sustained for up to 12 months without edematous reactions. Almost all patients reported improvement, with 79% reporting “good” or “excellent” improvement. Complications were minor and transitory. Persistent side effects were not observed.

Conclusion

Acoustic wave therapy could be used as a standard facial tightening treatment, with skin rejuvenation effects shown on digital photographs and three‐dimensional quantification assessments. This noninvasive acoustic wave approach was found to be a safe, long‐lasting, and effective method for facial tightening. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Topical 0.5% Timolol Maleate Significantly Enhances Skin‐Barrier Restoration After Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment for Acne Scars
Authors: Kimwattananukul Kometh , Noppakun Nopadon , Asawanonda Pravit , Kumtornrut Chanat
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives

Skin barrier is often compromised following ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser (AFCO2) therapy for acne scarring. The resultant downtime, even of a few days' duration, can be of significant concern to patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of topical 0.5% timolol maleate (TM) for its role in short‐term restoration of the skin's biophysical properties after laser treatments.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial included participants aged 18–50 years with atrophic acne scars for at least 3 months. After undergoing laser therapy, they applied 0.5% TM to one cheek and normal saline to the contralateral cheek (control) for 7 days. Corneometry, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement, colorimetry, and clinical outcome parameters (erythema, edema, crusting, pruritus, and tightness scores) were evaluated at baseline and 48, 96, and 168 hours after AFCO2 treatment.

Results

Twenty‐five healthy participants completed the study. Most participants had Fitzpatrick skin phototype IV. The TM‐treated side showed statistically higher corneometry values and lower TEWL than the control side at every follow‐up visit (P < 0.001). The crusting score at 96 hours post‐AFCO2 treatment was also significantly better on the TM side. No adverse events occurred during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

Application of topical 0.5% TM twice daily improves the skin‐barrier function and might promote re‐epithelialization after laser procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Bilateral Pallidotomy for Dystonia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Centen Liesanne M. , Oterdoom D.L. Marinus , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Lesman‐Leegte Ivon , van Egmond Martje E. , van Dijk J. Marc C.
Published: November 2020

Stereotactic lesioning of the bilateral globus pallidus (GPi) was one of the first surgical treatments for medication‐refractory dystonia but has largely been abandoned in clinical practice after the introduction of deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, some patients with dystonia are not eligible for DBS. Therefore, we reviewed the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of bilateral pallidotomy by conducting a systematic review of individual patient data (IPD). Guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and IPD were followed. In May 2020, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting on outcome of bilateral pallidotomy for dystonia. If available, IPD were collected. In this systematic review, 100 patients from 33 articles were evaluated. Adverse events were reported in 20 patients (20%), of which 8 were permanent (8%). Pre‐and postoperative Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden Dystonia Rating Movement Scale scores were available for 53 patients. A clinically relevant improvement (>20%) of this score was found in 42 of 53 patients (79%). Twenty‐five patients with status dystonicus (SD) were described. In all but 2 the SD resolved after bilateral pallidotomy. Seven patients experienced a relapse of SD. Median‐reported follow‐up was 12 months (n = 83; range: 2–180 months). Based on the current literature, bilateral pallidotomy is an effective and relatively safe procedure for certain types of dystonia, particularly in medication‐refractory SD. Although due to publication bias the underreporting of negative outcomes is very likely, bilateral pallidotomy is a reasonable alternative to DBS in selected dystonia patients. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Evaluating atmospheric icing forecasts with ground‐based ceilometer profiles
Authors: Hämäläinen Karoliina , Hirsikko Anne , Leskinen Ari , Komppula Mika , O'Connor Ewan J. , Niemelä Sami
Published: November 2020

Atmospheric icing can cause severe damage and danger for many different sectors of society, and accurate forecasts of icing can help mitigate this. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how new ceilometer‐based icing observations can be used in icing model verification. The study focuses on icing in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere. The lowest 400 m of the atmosphere is essential for wind energy production and electricity power lines, while the higher elevations are essential from the aviation point of view. For aviation, the most risky situations are take‐offs and landings. The ceilometer observations provide a new way to investigate atmospheric icing. Ceilometers provide vertical profiles of clouds which can be further processed in order to identify in‐cloud icing conditions. The new type of ceilometer‐based icing observations enables more detailed verification of icing forecasts both in the vertical and in terms of geographical location. Overall, the model shows good skill in predicting clear‐sky situations. The verification results show that the icing model performs better for inland areas than for coastal areas, which is attributed to the tendency of the model to forecast clouds, and in‐cloud icing, at higher altitudes than observed.
Urinary Biomarkers for Orange Juice Consumption
Authors: Saenger Theresa , Hübner Florian , Lindemann Viktoria , Ganswind Kristina , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich
Published: November 2020

Scope

As orange juice belongs to one of the most consumed juices worldwide, a human study is performed to identify urinary biomarkers for the consumption of orange juice in order to differentiate between low, medium, and high intake.

Methods and Results

The 32 study participants abstained from citrus fruits, juices and products thereof, except for one portion of orange juice, for eight days. Throughout the study, spot urine samples are collected and quantitatively analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) regarding their content of several potential biomarkers for orange juice intake after enzymatic treatment with β‐glucuronidase. Proline betaine is determined as a long‐term biomarker: based on its urinary excretion, orange juice consumption is traceable for at least 72 h after intake. Naringenin and hesperetin are identified as qualitative short‐term biomarkers. Synephrine sulfate also showed a fast increase and decrease in a semi‐quantitative approach. In the case of phloretin, no correlation between orange juice consumption and the urinary concentration is observed.

Conclusion

Proline betaine is the most promising biomarker for orange juice consumption and allows to differentiate between low, medium, and high intake. Hesperetin and naringenin (as well as synephrine) are applicable as supporting biomarkers, whereas phloretin does not represent a reliable biomarker for orange juice consumption.
Reduced growth capacity of preimplantation mouse embryos in chronic unpredictable stress model
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Ma Ruihong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cheng Rui , Jiang Nan , Guo Mengjia , Rong Beilei , Liu Yan , Chen Mingli , Feng Weihua , Xia Tian
Published: November 2020

Psychological stress can affect female reproduction by deteriorating oocyte quality, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used the chronic unpredictable stress model to study the effect of psychological stress on mouse oocyte competence during preimplantation stage, and RNA sequencing in single oocytes to analyze differential gene expression at the transcription level. Stress changed the serum levels of glucocorticoids and reduced oocyte developmental potential, depending on the strength of the stress. Strong stress (two stressors per day) reduced the fertilization rate and induced significant apoptosis in blastocysts. Moderate stress (one stressor per day) reduced the cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate. Weak stress (one stressor every 2 days) did not have any significant negative effect on the fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst formation. Hatching rate was not affected by stress, but stress retarded the development of the expanded blastocysts and inhibited the embryo development at early stages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that stress disturbed the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptotic genes. The hub genes identified through protein‐protein interaction analysis include Msln, Ceacam12, Psg16, Psg17, and Psg23, which are all carcinoembryonic or related genes involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Thus, stress was inhibitory on fertilization and early embryo development in mice.
Effectiveness of person‐ and family‐centred care transition interventions on patient‐ oriented outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Backman Chantal , Chartrand Julie , Crick Michelle , Devey Burry Robin , Dingwall Orvie , Shea Beverley
Published: November 2020

Aim

The aim was to critically analyse the body of evidence regarding the effectiveness of PFCC transition interventions on the quality of care and the experience of patients.

Design

We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Handbook's guidelines and adhered to a standardized reporting format: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

Methods

Four databases and grey literature were searched. Following a two‐step screening process, data from the eligible studies were extracted. Risk of bias and quality of the studies were also assessed. Narrative synthesis and vote counting were used for the data analysis.

Results

A total of 28 articles met our inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in regards to the extent of the PFCC focus and the comprehensiveness of the transition of care. Educating patients to promote self‐management was the most commonly included component and it was described in all 28 interventions.
Numerical solution of fractional partial differential equations via Haar wavelet
Authors: Zada Laique , Aziz Imran
Published: November 2020

Haar wavelet collocation method is applied for the numerical solution of fractional partial differential equations. The proposed method is first applied to one‐dimensional fractional partial differential equations and then it is extended to higher‐dimensional fractional partial differential equations as well. Both time‐fractional as well as space–time‐fractional partial differential equations are considered. The fractional order derivatives involved are evaluated using the Caputo definition. The proposed method is semi‐analytic as it involves exact integration of Caputo derivative. The proposed method is widely applicable and robust. The method is tested upon several test problems. The results are computed and presented in the form of maximum absolute errors. The numerical tests confirm the accuracy, efficiency and simple applicability of the proposed method.
Doping‐Driven Antiferromagnetic to Ferromagnetic Phase Transition in Tetragonal Cr2B2 Monolayer
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf Zuntu , Vatansever Zeynep Demir , Aktürk Ethem , Akıncı Ümit , Aktürk Olcay Üzengi
Published: November 2020

Novel two‐dimensional (2D) tetragonal (tetra‐) (X = Mn, V) sheets are studied using density functional theory (DFT) with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Both, tetra‐ and tetra‐ sheets exhibit metallic ferromagnetism with great stability at elevated temperatures. The magnetic moment for tetra‐ (1.63 μ
B per unit cell) and tetra‐( μ
B per unit cell) sheets are found to be far less than that of pure tetra‐ ( μ
B per unit cell). Interestingly, an antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic (AFM–FM) transition occurs as a result of alloying the pure with and V atoms. The tetra‐ exhibits a sizable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 136.25  per atom, larger than that of tetra‐ (17.5  per atom), and both the sheets prefer out‐of‐plane magnetization. The MAE can be tuned via the application of an electric field for both, tetra‐ and tetra‐ cases. MC simulations based on 2D Heisenberg model predict a Curie temperature () of 140 and 20 K for tetra‐ and tetra‐ sheets, respectively. These novel 2D sheets hold promise for controllable spintronic devices application.
Revisiting gradient wind balance in tropical cyclones using dropsonde observations
Authors: García‐Franco Jorge L. , Schwendike Juliane
Published: November 2020

This study diagnoses the degree of gradient wind balance (GWB) in dropsonde observations of 30 tropical cyclones (TCs) divided into 91 intense observation periods. The diagnosed GWB in these observation periods are composited to investigate which characteristics of a TC are significantly related to departures from GWB. This analysis confirms that on average the flow above the boundary layer is approximately in GWB. Supergradient flow is more common near the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in the upper boundary layer than above in the free troposphere or outside the RMW and is also more common in strong storms than in weak storms. In contrast, the degree of GWB does not differ between intensifying, steady‐state and weakening storms. Storms with a peaked wind profile have a higher probability of showing supergradient winds than those with a flat wind profile. The comparison of two commonly used functions to fit observations shows that the diagnosing GWB from dropsonde observations is highly dependent on the analysis technique. The agradient wind magnitude and even sign is shown to depend on which of these functions is used to fit the observations. The use of a polynomial fit consistently diagnoses the presence of supergradient winds far more frequently than a piece‐wise function, and also shows a marked degree of imbalance above the boundary layer. Therefore, caution is warranted when determining the degree of GWB with a polynomial fit.
Unique clinicopathological characteristics of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with part‐solid nodule
Authors: Iguchi Hideto , Murata Shin‐ichi , Kawago Mitsumasa , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Nishimura Yoshiharu
Published: November 2020

Chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) finding of part‐solid nodule (PSN) is related to pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC) with lepidic growth. We recently experienced a pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showing PSN pattern on HRCT. We present a 70‐year‐old man who had a small nodule with PSN pattern in the right lung field on HRCT. After clinical diagnosis of AC, lobectomy was performed. The tumour was pathologically diagnosed as SCC with lepidic growth. Histopathologically, the central area of the tumour showed keratinizing SCC, whereas the peripheral area revealed lepidic SCC cell growth between non‐neoplastic type II pneumocytes and alveolar basement membrane. On the basis of the present case and five from the literature, SCC with lepidic growth had the following clinical characteristics: peripheral location, early stage detection, clinical misdiagnosis as AC, less progression, and favourable prognosis. This case may be a special type of SCC with less progression and favourable prognosis.
Licensed shared access field trial and a testbed for satellite‐terrestrial communication including research directions for 5G and beyond
Authors: Höyhtyä Marko , Majanen Mikko , Hoppari Mika , Järvensivu Pertti , Kokkinen Heikki , Ojaniemi Jaakko , Reis‐Kivinen Arto , Pellay Olivier , Pham‐Minh Duc , Guta Maria
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a licensed shared access (LSA) testbed and field trials using a live network. The testbed includes real 4G base stations and up to 1000 virtual base stations, in the spectrum sharing scenario between satellite and cellular systems. The trials focus on 5G pioneer bands 3.4–3.8 GHz and 24.25–27.5 GHz where a satellite system is operating in the downlink direction and a cellular system is accessing the same band. The designed testbed supports both frequency bands. The performance evaluation concerns evacuation and frequency change times using different types of base stations in 3.6 GHz, that is, how fast the system relinquishes the shared band to the primary user and continues transmission using another band. We show that our LSA system is scalable and able to support large number of base stations. In addition, we investigate how satellite systems could reuse International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) bands to offer enhanced satellite communication services for land, maritime, and aeronautical applications. Preliminary simulations and analysis confirm the possibility to reuse IMT spectrum for satellite systems without causing harmful interference to the terrestrial system.
Unmasking Arene Ruthenium Building Blocks
Authors: Therrien Bruno
Published: November 2020

We have, like many others, contributed to the development and to the popularity of arene ruthenium assemblies. From early on, our research was driven by applications, mainly biological (therapeutic, drug delivery, DNA interactions, photodynamic therapy, imaging). For nearly 15 years, we have focused on the use of arene ruthenium building block as a tool to construct added‐value objects. In this account, we want to give the basic reasons behind our choice, and uncover our most successful examples, with an emphasis on the foreseen applications.
Specification of deformation congruence models using combinatorial iterative DIA testing procedure
Authors: Nowel Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Deformation congruence models form the basis for conventional deformation analysis (CDA). In geometrical sense, these models connect an epochal object states—represented by its characteristic points—at stable/congruent points to disclose possible deformations. To this day, the deformation congruence models are usually specified using the global congruence test (GCT) procedure which, however, has a weakness in the case of multiple displacements. More precisely, the GCT procedure is based on consecutive point-by-point specification which may suffer from so-called displacement smearing. To overcome the above weakness, a revolutionary—in the context of GCT—concept (two methods) involving combinatorial possibilities was suggested in recent years. Admittedly, this concept avoids the problem of consecutive point-by-point specification. Nevertheless, it generates another weakness, namely the problem of the comparison of different-dimensional models. This paper makes a step forward in this new combinatorial field and discusses a more sophisticated combinatorial procedure, denoted as CIDIA. It was shown that, thanks to an appropriately used the possibilities of combinatorics and generalized likelihood ratio tests performed in the detection–identification–adaptation (DIA) iterative steps, the above weaknesses can be overcome. In the context of GCT, the suggested procedure has rather evolutionary—than revolutionary—character and the general concepts of both procedures have similar heuristic substantiation. To demonstrate the efficacy of CIDIA against GCT and the two existing combinatorial methods, various deformation scenarios were being randomized independently many times with the use of comprehensive computer simulations and then processed. Generally, the obtained results confirmed the statement that the suggested CIDIA procedure—unlike the existing combinatorial methods—can be substantially more resistant to displacement smearing than the GCT procedure, at no significant costs. The efficacy of CIDIA—unlike the ones of the two existing combinatorial methods—turned out always higher (on average by several percentages) than the one of GCT for all considered deformation scenarios. At the same time, the CIDIA procedure turned out substantially less time-consuming than the other combinatorial methods.
From Steklov to Neumann via homogenisation
Authors: Girouard Alexandre , Henrot Antoine , Lagacé Jean
Published: November 2020

We study a new link between the Steklov and Neumann eigenvalues of domains in Euclidean space. This is obtained through an homogenisation limit of the Steklov problem on a periodically perforated domain, converging to a family of eigenvalue problems with dynamical boundary conditions. For this problem, the spectral parameter appears both in the interior of the domain and on its boundary. This intermediary problem interpolates between Steklov and Neumann eigenvalues of the domain. As a corollary, we recover some isoperimetric type bounds for Neumann eigenvalues from known isoperimetric bounds for Steklov eigenvalues. The interpolation also leads to the construction of planar domains with first perimeter-normalized Stekov eigenvalue that is larger than any previously known example. The proofs are based on a modification of the energy method. It requires quantitative estimates for norms of harmonic functions. An intermediate step in the proof provides a homogenisation result for a transmission problem.
Homological mirror symmetry for generalized Greene–Plesser mirrors
Authors: Sheridan Nick , Smith Ivan
Published: November 2020

We prove Kontsevich’s homological mirror symmetry conjecture for certain mirror pairs arising from Batyrev–Borisov’s ‘dual reflexive Gorenstein cones’ construction. In particular we prove HMS for all Greene–Plesser mirror pairs (i.e., Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in quotients of weighted projective spaces). We also prove it for certain mirror Calabi–Yau complete intersections arising from Borisov’s construction via dual nef partitions, and also for certain Calabi–Yau complete intersections which do not have a Calabi–Yau mirror, but instead are mirror to a Calabi–Yau subcategory of the derived category of a higher-dimensional Fano variety. The latter case encompasses Kuznetsov’s ‘K3 category of a cubic fourfold’, which is mirror to an honest K3 surface; and also the analogous category for a quotient of a cubic sevenfold by an order-3 symmetry, which is mirror to a rigid Calabi–Yau threefold.
Guiding Nipple-Areola Complex Reconstruction: Literature Review and Proposal of a New Decision-Making Algorithm
Authors: Paolini Guido , Firmani Guido , Briganti Francesca , Sorotos Michail , Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio
Published: November 2020

Background

Nipple-areola complex reconstruction (NAR) most commonly represents the finishing touch to breast reconstruction (BR). Nipple presence is particularly relevant to the patient’s psyche, beyond any shadow of doubt. Many reconstructive options have been described in time. Surgery is easy, but final result is often disappointing on the long run.

Methods

The goal of this manuscript is to analyze and classify knowledge concerning NAR techniques and the factors that influence success, and then to elaborate a practical evidence-based algorithm. Out of the 3136 available articles as of August 8th, 2020, we selected 172 manuscripts that met inclusion criteria, which we subdivided into 5 main topics of discussion, being the various NAR techniques; patient factors (including patient selection, timing and ideal position); dressings; potential complications and finally, outcomes/patient satisfaction.

Results

We found 92 articles describing NAR techniques, 41 addressing patient factors (out of which 17 discussed patient selection, 14 described ideal NAC location, 10 described appropriate timing), 10 comparing dressings, 7 studying NAR complications, and 22 addressing outcomes and patient satisfaction. We elaborated a comprehensive decision-making algorithm to help narrow down the choice among NAR techniques, and choose the correct strategy according to the various scenarios, and particularly the BR technique and skin envelope.

Conclusions

No single NAR technique provides definitive results, which is why we believe there is no “end-all be-all solution”. NAR must be approached as a case-by-case situation. Furthermore, despite NAR being such a widely discussed topic in scientific literature, we still found a lack of clinical trials to allow for more thorough recommendations to be elaborated.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266
Skin changes in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Robak Ewa , Jesionek-Kupnicka Dorota , Robak Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

Skin lesions have been reported in about 10–12% of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. Most are etiologically related to autoimmune or infectious processes, although secondary cutaneous neoplasms and drug-induced lesions are also reported. However, leukemia cutis with the direct infiltration of the skin by leukemic cells is extremely rare in HCL patients. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and approach to treating skin lesions in HCL. A literature review of the MEDLINE database for articles in English concerning hairy cell leukemia, skin lesions, leukemia cutis, adverse events, infectious, cutaneous, drug reactions, neutrophilic dermatoses, secondary neoplasms, and vasculitis was conducted via PubMed. Publications from January 1980 to September 2020 were scrutinized. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles.
Effektivität der Kurzinterventionen in Traumaambulanzen
Authors: Keller Ferdinand , Rassenhofer Miriam , Nolting Björn , Koppmair Selma , Schepker Renate
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Baden-Württemberg hat ab 2014 fünf Modelltraumaambulanzen in Kooperation mit den Versorgungsbehörden prospektiv evaluieren lassen.

Ziel

Sowohl die Effektivität der Kurzinterventionen als auch die Zufriedenheit der Versorgungsämter mit der Kooperation sollten untersucht werden.

Methode

Innerhalb des Erhebungszeitraums von 2014 bis 2017 konnten insgesamt 122 Patienten eingeschlossen und zu 2 weiteren Messzeitpunkten (post: n = 90; Katamnese: n = 32) psychometrisch untersucht werden. Zur Katamnese fand auch eine qualitative Erhebung der Befindlichkeit der Teilnehmer statt.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigte sich eine gute Effektivität der im Durchschnitt etwa 5 Sitzungen umfassenden Frühinterventionen hinsichtlich der Reduktion posttraumatischer Symptomatik und einer Verbesserung des psychosozialen Funktionsniveaus der Patienten. Im Katamnesezeitraum traten bei allerdings geringer Ausschöpfung nur geringe Verschlechterungen ein. Als problematisch wurden Wartezeiten auf Anschlusstherapien, ausstehende Verhandlungen und unabgeschlossene Opferentschädigungsgesetz(OEG)-Verfahren benannt; eine berufliche Integration verhalf subjektiv zur Besserung. Die Versorgungsbehörden waren bis auf die nichteingetretene Beschleunigung der Bearbeitung mit der Kooperation sehr zufrieden. Auch wurden psychiatrische Gutachten weiterhin in Auftrag gegeben.

Schlussfolgerung

Der Zustand der Teilnehmer hatte sich nach der Kurzintervention zwar überwiegend gebessert, die Teilnehmer waren aber noch nicht gesundet. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit der Versorgungsbehörde ist unter Überwindung von Datenschutzproblemen zu empfehlen. Das neue Opferentschädigungsrecht wird helfen, erkannte Probleme der aktuellen Situation (z. B. Anerkennung als Gewalttat) zu verbessern.
Travelling wave solutions in a negative nonlinear diffusion–reaction model
Authors: Li Yifei , Heijster Peter van , Marangell Robert , Simpson Matthew J.
Published: November 2020

We use a geometric approach to prove the existence of smooth travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear diffusion–reaction equation with logistic kinetics and a convex nonlinear diffusivity function which changes sign twice in our domain of interest. We determine the minimum wave speed,$$c^*$$c∗, and investigate its relation to the spectral stability of a desingularised linear operator associated with the travelling wave solutions.
Perikarditis im Rahmen rheumatologischer Erkrankungen – Was der Rheumatologe wissen sollte
Authors: Krusche M. , Schneider U. , Ruffer N.
Published: November 2020

Als Perikarditis wird eine Entzündung des Herzbeutels bezeichnet, die mit einem Perikarderguss oder einer entzündlichen Reaktion des Myokards (Perimyokarditis) einhergehen kann. Die Perikarditis kann im Rahmen von entzündlich rheumatischen Systemerkrankungen oder als eigenständige Erkrankung vorkommen. Rezidivierende Perikarditisepisoden ohne fassbare Ursache werden als idiopathische rekurrierende Perikarditis (IRP) bezeichnet, welche wesentliche Gemeinsamkeiten mit autoinflammatorischen Erkrankungen aufweist. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Häufigkeit des Auftretens einer Perikarditis bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen. Weiterhin werden Klinik und Pathophysiologie der IRP diskutiert. Abschließend wird die Therapie der akuten und idiopathischen Perikarditis erläutert.
Acrylamide precipitation polymerization in a continuous flow reactor: an in situ FTIR study reveals kinetics
Authors: Fandrich Pascal , Wiehemeier Lars , Dirksen Maxim , Wrede Oliver , Kottke Tilman , Hellweg Thomas
Published: November 2020

In this work, we present a combination of a continuous flow reactor with in situ monitoring of the monomer conversion in a precipitation polymerization. The flow reactor is equipped with a preheating area for the synthesis of thermoresponsive microgels, based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). The reaction progress is monitored with in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The monomer conversion at defined residence times is determined from absorbance spectra of the reaction solutions by linear combination with reference spectra of the stock solution and the purified microgel. The reconstruction of the spectra appears to be in good agreement with experimental data in the range of 1710 to 1530 cm− 1, in which prominent absorption bands are used as probes for the monomer and the polymer. With increasing residence time, we observed a decrease in intensity of the ν(C=C) vibration, originating from the monomer, while the ν(C=O) vibration is shifted to higher frequencies by polymerization. Differences between the determined inline conversion kinetics and offline growth kinetics, determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), are discussed in terms of diffusion and point to a crucial role of mixing in precipitation polymerizations.
Primary mismatch repair deficient IDH-mutant astrocytoma (PMMRDIA) is a distinct type with a poor prognosis
Authors: Suwala Abigail K. , Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Kloor Matthias , Wefers Annika K. , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Maas Sybren L. N. , Kratz Christian P. , Schweizer Leonille , Hasselblatt Martin , Snuderl Matija , Abedalthagafi Malak Sameer J. , Abdullaev Zied , Monoranu Camelia M. , Bergmann Markus , Pekrun Arnulf , Freyschlag Christian , Aronica Eleonora , Kramm Christof M. , Hinz Felix , Sievers Philipp , Korshunov Andrey , Kool Marcel , Pfister Stefan M. , Sturm Dominik , Jones David T. W. , Wick Wolfgang , Unterberg Andreas , Hartmann Christian , Dodgshun Andrew , Tabori Uri , Wesseling Pieter , Sahm Felix , von Deimling Andreas , Reuss David E.
Published: November 2020

Diffuse IDH-mutant astrocytoma mostly occurs in adults and carries a favorable prognosis compared to IDH-wildtype malignant gliomas. Acquired mismatch repair deficiency is known to occur in recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas as resistance mechanism towards alkylating chemotherapy. In this multi-institutional study, we report a novel epigenetic group of 32 IDH-mutant gliomas with proven or suspected hereditary mismatch repair deficiency. None of the tumors exhibited a combined 1p/19q deletion. These primary mismatch repair-deficient IDH-mutant astrocytomas (PMMRDIA) were histologically high-grade and were mainly found in children, adolescents and young adults (median age 14 years). Mismatch repair deficiency syndromes (Lynch or Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrom (CMMRD)) were clinically diagnosed and/or germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH6, MSH2) were found in all cases, except one case with a family and personal history of colon cancer and another case with MSH6-deficiency available only as recurrent tumor. Loss of at least one of the mismatch repair proteins was detected via immunohistochemistry in all, but one case analyzed. Tumors displayed a hypermutant genotype and microsatellite instability was present in more than half of the sequenced cases. Integrated somatic mutational and chromosomal copy number analyses showed frequent inactivation of TP53, RB1 and activation of RTK/PI3K/AKT pathways. In contrast to the majority of IDH-mutant gliomas, more than 60% of the samples in our cohort presented with an unmethylated MGMT promoter. While the rate of immuno-histochemical ATRX loss was reduced, variants of unknown significance were more frequently detected possibly indicating a higher frequency of ATRX inactivation by protein malfunction. Compared to reference cohorts of other IDH-mutant gliomas, primary mismatch repair-deficient IDH-mutant astrocytomas have by far the worst clinical outcome with a median survival of only 15 months irrespective of histological or molecular features. The findings reveal a so far unknown entity of IDH-mutant astrocytoma with high prognostic relevance. Diagnosis can be established by aligning with the characteristic DNA methylation profile, by DNA-sequencing-based proof of mismatch repair deficiency or immunohistochemically demonstrating loss-of-mismatch repair proteins.
Ovarian teratoma-associated anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a single-institute series of six patients from China
Authors: Yu Minhua , Li Shanji , Cheng Jie , Zhou Liche , Jiang Zhou , Di Wen
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Ovarian teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a rare disease with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis. The disorder is severe and rare with a great impact on young adults. This study aimed to improve the awareness of the disease from experience in our single center.

Methods

Between July 2012 and December 2019, six patients with ovarian teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis were enrolled in Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All patients’ data like manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatment, and follow-up were reviewed.

Results

Typical psychotic symptoms, memory, and consciousness disorders accompanied by seizures were observed in all patients from this study. All six patients showed positive signals in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and received immunotherapy. Three patients underwent unilateral oophorocystectomy and the other three underwent unilateral oophorectomy through minimally invasive surgeries, including laparoscopic and single-port laparoscopic surgeries. The median follow-up time 24.5 months (range from 6 to 93 months). No death occurred. Two patients had recurrent psychotic symptoms while the left four patients had no mental symptoms or tumor recurrence during postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions

For patients with clinical manifestations of unexplained acute psychiatric symptoms accompanied by seizures, memory, and consciousness disorders, the possibility of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis should be considered. To confirm the diagnosis, examinations of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies need to be completed as early as possible. Immunotherapy and tumor location should be given in time once the diagnosis is defined. We recommended removing the tumor as soon as possible without concerning whether the patient is in the acute phase or not. The surgical procedure should be decided based on pathology, age, fertility desire, and patients’ requirements and it should be ensured that tumors are completely removed during operation. Postoperative follow-up is particularly important.