bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Country Studies: A Team with No Coach? Problems of Composition, Methodology and Development
Authors: Treivish A. I.
Published: April 2022

The article raises and discusses six “provocative” questions about country studies in order to review, once more, its headings, facilities and, above all, its problems. The questions are as follows: (1) A discipline lacking its exact name, object and composition? (2) A science or...? (implicitly, not just science); (3) A theory-free science? (4) Сountry or state? (the question of the key object); (5) Degeneration or regeneration? (the nature of the evolution); and (6) Who and why needs it? (the fields of application). The answers are ambiguous and open to criticism. A finding from the reviewed problems of country studies is that they are numerous and serious. This is a truly interdisciplinary squad composed “from geology to ideology”, lacking a head coach, owner or even an internationally proprietary name, with a goal depending on the type (genre) of activity: research, informational, promotional or educational. Country studies as a science lacks clear understanding of its object, as well as its own theory (simplified reductions excluded), and self-confidence resulting in frequent tacks and relabeling. At the same time, its role is still great not as an “idiographer” and collector of any country information, but as a laboratory for searching and checking new development trends. The demand for a country scholar in the shape of a social order, not always explicit, is diverse and relatively stable. Hence the diagnosis: the patient is more alive than dead, and unlikely to die in the near future.
Legal Comparative Studies in Russia: History and Current Situation
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Kobzev A. R.
Published: April 2022

The authors carry out a periodization of the Russian comparative jurisprudence and development of comparative legal studies, starting from the pre-revolutionary (imperial) period and up to the present day. The uniqueness of the theoretical and methodological approaches of the Russian comparative school in the modern and current periods is established. Special emphasis was placed on comparative jurisprudence in the so-called post-reform epochs, in both Imperial and Soviet Russia, due to the need for reception and implementation of new legal concepts, principles and institutions of law. The authors highlight the specifics of the Russian-language conceptual and categorical apparatus and the functions of legal comparative studies. The traditional issues of the object, methods and goals are considered in the context of the development of Russian comparative science at the turn of two centuries. The article analyzes the allocation of sectoral and institutional directions in comparative legal science, their practical significance and methods of conducting such research at the level of individual legal structures and institutions.
Japanese Studies in Russia: From Its Classical Origins to the Winds of Changing Trends
Authors: Philippov A. V.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the analysis of Japanese studies evolution in Russia and its key milestones on the base of problem-oriented historical approach since the very start in the late 17th century. The development of area studies on Japan in Russia was determined by many factors, such as geopolitics, domestic and foreign policy, socio-economic changes in all public authorities. Russian Japanology is presented as a complex science that has incorporated a number of scientific areas (language, history and culture, literature and art, ethnography and ethno-psychology, geography, economics, and politics). The Japanology specificity in Russia is the preservation of the unity and integrity of Japanese studies as a sign of respect for the classical traditions of Oriental studies. Among the main stages of development, the author considers the origins of Japanese studies in Russia, starting from the 17th century, the formation in the classical form at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the crisis lines of 1905, 1917, 1937-1938. The next two stages, marking the completion of the review, can be considered as signs of certainly impressive results in scholarly publications for the Russian Japanese studies. The comprehensive analysis that had appeared in the scholarly works and literary translations of Russian Japanology scholars (from the mid-forties till perestroika-time, 1945-1985) was the result of a well-planned policy to promote Oriental studies based on a stable ideology and regular funding. The names of the most prominent scholars, twists and turns of their life activities and achievements are widely presented. The essay concludes with an overview of the situation at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, touches on the pros and cons that emerged in Japanese studies at the post-Soviet stage.
Indian Studies in Soviet Social Studies
Authors: Volodin A. G.
Published: April 2022

The article is focused on the evolution of Soviet Indian studies in the course of the 1970s and 1980s, i.e. the period of the discipline’s indisputable academic upsurge. The present author maintains that factors instrumental of Indian studies’ ascendant development were many; among the latter foreign policy imperatives as well as high quality intellectual talent available are distinguished to explain the advancement of this area of social science research to the status of socially significant professional activities. Socio-economic, history and political studies are taken to demonstrate the academic accomplishments of Soviet scholars who exploited their own “wisdom” to comprehend India’s complex social reality and, also, utilized critical assessment of the existent social science research paradigms circulating in Indian scholarship. The “crisis” of Indian studies dating back to the late 1980s is discussed in basic aspects. The social and political origins of the “crisis” are being highlighted. The evolution of Soviet Indian studies during the late 1980s is investigated at the backdrop of sociopolitical development in the years preceding the USSR’s dismemberment. Tentative factors instrumental of the eventual “comeback” of Indian studies as an academic discipline of high societal stature are estimated.
The Study Features of the Southeast Asian Countries at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Mosyakov D. V. , Astafieva E. M.
Published: April 2022

A brief analysis of the general trends in Southeast Asian studies carried out by the authors of the article showed that during the Soviet era, for a long time, this region was studied in two practically unrelated aspects. The first one was closed and subordinate to the tasks of the world revolution, and the second one was opened, devoted mainly to history of the countries of Southeast Asia and certain aspects of the anti-colonial struggle. It was only in the 1950s that the formation of the Southeast Asian school of studies began, but this process was complicated by the need to withstand work in the spirit of the “general line” of the party and government. A new, one might say “golden period” on the region study began after 1991 in modern Russia. The opening of archives, the expansion of communication opportunities and the removal of ideological barriers, as well as the highest qualifications of the majority of domestic scientists made it possible to bring the research of Southeast Asia to a new level. At the same time, an important motivational component, the connection between science and power, was almost completely lost. In the ruling structures, interest in scientific research through academic institutions was largely lost in favor of “strategic centers” close to the authorities, which began to perform expert functions. Scientists began to receive beggarly salaries, many under pressure of circumstances were forced to leave the country or even leave science. However, it was during these difficult years that scientists were able to prepare and publish world-class works, which for a long time will be the main reference points for all those who study the history, politics, economy and culture of the Southeast Asian countries. The authors did not set themselves the goal of presenting a complete bibliography of publications on Southeast Asia and the South Pacific region, do not claim to fully cover the entire problem, they can be subjective in their assessments, referring only to key works that characterize, in their opinion, the main periods and main directions studies of the countries of the region.
Exploring France in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Gordon A. V. , Lapina N. Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the development of French studies in contemporary Russia. It is shown that serious changes took place in the Russian social sciences in the post-Soviet period. Scientists have abandoned the monopoly of Marxism in favor of methodological pluralism. Thanks to the application of new approaches, the interpretation of such fundamental historical phenomena has been expanded and deepened. In the study of contemporary France, attention is focused on current political and foreign policy events. Great attention is paid to political parties and election campaigns. The topic of immigration and integration of foreign cultural communities is being intensively developed. Serious gaps appeared in other directions. The loss of the country's position in the global economy has led to a decrease in interest in this side of French life. French society has been poorly studied, although there is an understanding that it is precisely social shifts and changes in public attitudes that lead to large-scale changes in the political space. In the context of the crisis of modern globalization and the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in the national experience is returning, and therefore in the near future we can expect the emergence of new works devoted to topical issues of the history and modern development of France.
Review on the Current State of the Internet of Things and its Extension and its Challenges
Authors: Himmat Mubarak , Algazoli Gada , Hammam Nazar , Abdalla Ashraf Gasim Elsid
Published: April 2022

This era witnessed the rapidly growing of internet technology, a huge amount of people all over the world using the internet and it applications, there are various ways and purposes for using the internet which contributed in so many fields, and one of these techniques which will be more increasing and usage is the future is the Internet of Things (IoT), which facilitate using of many embedded devices that help will be connected and controlled through the internet. The technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) relies on Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing provides a baseline that supports IoT and is built on the idea of allowing individuals to perform computing activities via internet-based services. This article presents a comprehensive survey on addresses the concerns, challenges, and existing state-of-the-art standards to emphasize and overcome most of the proposed technical solutions and it will deepen the importance of the IoT & The Internet of Everything (IoE) technology, the paper will cover and the domain of the internet of things and several technologies that widely used. The paper covered the architecture of the resulting Cloud-based IoT paradigm, as well as its new application scenarios, which will be discussed. Finally, new research directions and challenges are offered.
Introduction of New Tooth Notation Systems in Comparison with Currently In-Use Systems
Authors: Erfan Ozair , Qasemian Elham , Khan Manizha , Niazi Aziz-ur-Rahman
Published: April 2022

Dental charting, referral notes, and dental financial claims are integral parts of dental practices for their smooth and effective usage. Currently, dental charting is proceeded by one of the three commonly used tooth notation systems, The Zsigmondy-Palmer, Federation Dentaire International, and American Dental Association. Although these systems have been used and adopted internationally, in practice, there is much confusion in referring to a tooth, which leads to mismanagement and eventually leads to confusion affecting the clinician-patient relationship. Hence, a growing need for a new system to make dental charting simple, secure, and void of confusion is always felt. In this experiment, we evaluated currently in use tooth notation systems and introduced three tooth numbering systems named based on the place of origin as the Herat Dentistry Faculty 1, Herat Dentistry Faculty 2, and Herat Dentistry Faculty 3 tooth notation systems. A questionnaire containing 17 questions was designed, a meeting was held with the participants where both systems were introduced, and the questionnaire was explained to them. The questionnaire was filled by a population of 481, among which 213 were randomly selected, and data were entered into SPSS. The results proved that the three newly suggested systems are more efficient in terms of learning and entering into patient files compared to traditionally in-use systems.
Sharing Learning Targets and Assessment Criteria with Students as Motivating Factors in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Muho Anita , Leka Klodiana
Published: April 2022

This study aims to identify the importance of sharing the learning targets and assessment criteria with students to foster their motivation. Firstly, we have chosen to deal with learning targets and assessment criteria as concepts, highlighting their importance in the learning and assessment process. The literature review will help us to identify the theoretical background of this study, which will identify the relevant variables of learning targets, assessment criteria and motivation to learn. Secondly, the methodology which consists in quantitative methods of research will try to answer the research questions of this study: 1) How does sharing the learning targets with students influence their motivation to learn? 2) How does sharing the assessment criteria with students influence their motivation to learn? 3) How to foster student motivation to learn? Finally, the last part will give recommendations regarding the results of this study, which will help second language teachers in their teaching process.
Exploration of Lived Experiences of Selected Schools in Production Units in Kalomo District, Southern Province, Zambia
Authors: Simambo Charles , Muleya Gistered , Simui Francis
Published: April 2022

The study explored the lived experiences of selected schools in Production Units in Kalomo District, Southern Province, Zambia. The factors considered were the performance; management practices and the factors affecting management, performance and sustainability of production units in Kalomo District. Using the Hermeneutics Phenomenology research design, the study targeted Head teachers and those involved in PU management of which ten schools were purposively sampled. Data was collected by means of an online interview instrument and was coded to bring out the major themes for each research objective. The study found that the PUs were in place and performing at less than their capacity inhibited by lack of resources, animal diseases, poor marketing and competition from commercial agriculture. The school managers had the capacity to improve PU performance. PU was profitable enough to support PU and other school activities such as boarding school feeding and co-curricular activities. PU had management structures. Regarding management practices, it was found that school administrators were involved in planning, monitoring and supervision of production unit. Teachers were involved in the supervision of learners in PU; learners were also involved in PU as an extra-curricular activity; PU committees were involved in the management of PU and full-time/part-time workers were involved in production unit. There were other stakeholders involved in production unit. Recommendations were made to indicate how schools can improve PU with an appropriate model focused on schools mobilising resources, engaging community stakeholders; having PU as part of the mainstream school strategic plan and working with the Ministry of Education on PU. The study contributes towards the enhancement of PU at school and district levels.
Civic Engagement in the STEAM Classroom: Taking “Teaching of Sewage Purification System” as an Example
Authors: Ng Sin F. E. , Man Tak W.
Published: April 2022

Civic engagement is more and more critical in this modern society since it can promote the development of society. In Hong Kong, the Education Bureau allows schools to implement civic education through multiple approaches. In this background, the authors' school tries to develop a curriculum to cultivate students' sense of citizenship, which increases students' care and participation in the community. We try to integrate STEAM education and citizenship teaching and let students explore society's responsibility through an integrated curriculum approach. This article shares the practical experience of using STEAM education to facilitate junior high school students' understanding of citizenship and suggests coping with the challenges. The study found that students could construct the value and meaning of STEAM education. Also, students could develop a sense of citizenship after the lessons. Finally, students with low academic achievement could build learning confidence through the integrated curriculum.
Gender Differences in Perceptions and Attitudes of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in University Students
Authors: Greier Klaus , Drenowatz Clemens , Sappl Andreas
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to examine perceptions of male and female students towards online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at four universities in Tyrol (Austria). In addition to age and gender, participants reported their level of agreement with thematically relevant items using a four-part Likert scale (1 = completely disagree to 4 = completely agree). The reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha and gender-specific differences were examined via Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 236 students (63.6% female) completed the questionnaire. Around three quarters of those surveyed were of the opinion that their university was poorly prepared for the challenges of online teaching at the beginning of the pandemic, but that digital teaching improved as the pandemic progressed. Compared to their male colleagues, female students rated the workload at the beginning of the pandemic higher, complained more about poorer home office conditions, had greater difficulties in using new software programs and obtaining study-relevant literature (p < 0.05). Female students agreed more frequently than male students that additional training of their own media skills and media didactic training for teachers was needed (p < 0.001). Insufficient transformation of certain course content and lack of clarity on assignments were criticized by around half of the students. Furthermore, over 90% of the students stated that they missed the contact with their fellow students. Conclusions: The results of this study support the need for improvements in the field of distance learning in order to mitigate the negative effects of online learning on study life and learning success of university students, especially women.
Visual Outcome Improvement of Phacoemulsification in Eyes with Senile Cataract at Ramata Eye Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Satwika Anak Agung Putri , Permatasari Ayu Diah , Jayanegara I Wayan Gede , Sumanjaya Siska
Published: April 2022

Senile cataract is the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment among cataract patient globally including in Indonesia. Phacoemulsification is a commonly performed procedure to improve visual outcome among senile cataract patients because of its advantages compared to other techniques. This study is aimed to determine visual outcome improvement after phacoemulsification among senile cataract patient. A descriptive study was carried out among senile cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification procedure at Ramata Eye Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia between January 2020-July 2021. A total number of 115 operated eyes were followed-up to obtain their postoperative visual acuity (VA) and complications. Most patients were female and found in age range of 70-79 years. There are significant improvement of VA resulting in the decrease of blind patients to 0.0% and increase in the number of patients with good vision (normal to mild visual impairment) to 85.2% after phacoemulsification procedure. There was also low rate of postoperative complications. Therefore, phacoemulsification procedure should be continually considered and performed as a treatment options in treating senile cataract patients.
Regenerative effects of Gly-His-Lys and Gly-His-Lys-D-Ala peptides in infected skin wounds
Authors: Rakhmetova KK , Mishina ES , Vorvul AO , Bobyntsev II , Dolgintsev ME , Bezhin AI
Published: April 2022

Skin wound healing mechanisms and new ways of improving their efficiency represent an important focus in medicine. In this regard, regulatory peptides, which exhibit physiological polyfunctionality and modulate cell growth and differentiation, are of special interest. This study evaluates the effects of Gly-His-Lys (GHK) and Gly-His-Lys-D-Ala (GHK-D-Ala) peptides in the infected skin wound healing. The wounds were modeled in rats (n=150) by full-thickness dorsal skin defects. The peptides were administered intracutaneously at daily doses of 0.5 or 1.5 µg/kg. The healing was assessed on days 3, 7, and 10 by histomorphometric examination of the wounds with adjacent intact skin. GHK-D-Ala administered at daily doses of 0.5 µg/kg had pronounced positive effect on regeneration processes in the wound, as indicated by significantly reduced numbers of granulocytes and lymphocytes with increased representation of fibroblastic lineages and macrophages, and the resulting higher cellular index (p < 0.05–0.001). At higher doses of GHK-D-Ala (1.5 µg/kg), the beneficial effects were less pronounced. According to the comparative morphological examination, the highest positive effect was achieved with 0.5 µg/kg of GHK-D-Ala. Thus, local administration of the GHK peptide with extra D-alanine at carboxy-terminus significantly mitigated the inflammatory reaction and facilitated the healing of infected skin wounds in rat model.
" Technical Plan for The Construction of a Water Reservoir on The River Tur Before The First World War and Establishment of a Hydometry Network for Hydrological Studies."
Authors:   Budapest, Hungary, konecsnyk@gmail.com, KONECSNY Karoly
Published: April 2022

In the middle of the 19th century, comprehensive river regulation and flood control works began on the entire lowland section of the Tisza/Tisa River. Soon, a number of water development plans were made for the catchment area of one of the tributaries, the River Túr/Tur. Plans outlining several technical alternatives have been prepared for the purpose of flood drainage, inland water drainage and water utilization. The implementation of the plans took place over decades, with construction started in 1914 interrupted due to the outbreak of World War I (Túr-Tisza branch channel). Most of the water facilities in the lower Hungarian section of the Túr River were built between 1926 and 1930 according to revised plans. The flood defense embankments on the Romanian river section were built in 1956-1957 and were further developed after the catastrophic floods of 1970, with half a dozen pumping stations set up to transfer the inland waters to the receiving area. Between 1972 and 1974, the Călineşti-Oaş dam and water reservoir were built. In our paper we describe the technical plans developed by the River Engineering Office in Szatmárnémeti (Satu Mare) at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century for the regulation of the Túr river. We present the findings of the technical review of the plan and the calculations made for the water supply of the reservoir. We describe the development of the hydrometric network necessary for the foundation of hydrological calculations. When writing the paper, we used the technical documentation in the Upper Tisza Region Water Historical Collection in Nyíregyháza, which has not been published so far.
"Studing LST and NDVI Values for Suhi Non-Suhi Occupied by Constructions and Buildings: a Case Study of Iasi. "
Authors:   ", GHERASIM Paul Marian ,   „Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania", DIMA Mihai ,   "„Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania", AGAPIE (MEREUȚĂ) Ioana ,   "„Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, 700050, Iasi, Romania"
Published: April 2022

In this paper we tried to study the values of radiant temperatures (Land Surface Temperature) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for areas occupied by buildings and green spaces. The area affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) was also determined. Study Area, Iasi, the largest city in eastern Romania, is geographically situated on latitude 47°12'N to 47°06'N and longitude 27°32'E to 27°40'E. LST is an estimate of ground temperature and is important to identify change in environment. An important parameter in global climate change is rapid urbanization which leads to an increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST). The urban heat island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization. It also been found that night UHI is more powerful than day. At night the LST values for SUHI varies between 24.5°C-25.9°C, and during the day between 35°C-38.7°C. With the development of remote sensing technology, it has become an important approach to urban heat island research. MODIS and Landsat data were used to estimate the LST and NDVI. From the analysis of the images it can be seen that the temperatures in SUHI are lower where there are green spaces around the buildings, and temperatures are higher in the non-UHI area, where inside or around the green spaces there are surfaces built or covered with concrete. Statistical data show very average temperatures for areas affected by UHI, 37.8°C for daytime and 24.6°C for night.
Land Use Mapping Using Machine Learning, Apurímac-Peru Region.
Authors:   ", HUACANI Walquer ,   Professional Academic School of Mining Engineering, Micaela Bastidas National University of Apurímac Perú,   ", MEZA Nelson P. ,   "Professional Academic School of Mining Engineering, Micaela Bastidas National University of Apurímac Perú", SANCHEZ Darío D. ,   "Professional Academic School of Mining Engineering, Micaela Bastidas National University of Apurímac Perú", HUANCA Fernando ,   Academic Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Antonio Abad del Cusco National University, Perú
Published: April 2022

The objective of the research is to develop a global land use / land cover map (LULC) of the Apurímac Region, from ESA Sentinel-2 images with a resolution of 10 m. to predict 10 soil type classes throughout the year in order to generate a representative snapshot of 2020. The methodology used in the analysis is the machine learning model, for the classification it was based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). For the processing, 6 bands of Sentinel-2 surface reflectance data were used: visible blue, green, red, near-infrared and two short-wave infrared bands, to create the final map, the model is run on multiple dates of images throughout the year on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results of the study determine the total area is 2 111 415.29 ha, where the water represents 9 392.84 ha. (0.44%), on the other hand, snow/ice occupies 227.89 ha, representing 0.01%, while cultivated land occupies an area of 34 408.09 ha, (1.63%), bushes/shrubs occupy most of 1 740 486.69 ha, which represents 82.435% of the total area.
"Study for a Comparative Analysis of Seasonal Microbial Load in Some Natural Salted Waters from Romania."
Authors:   ", IONESCU Ana Despina ,   National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, 112 Vitan Ave, District 3, 31299, Bucharest, Romania", CAŞĂRICĂ Angela ,   "National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, 112 Vitan Ave, District 3, 31299, Bucharest, Romania", STOICA Roxana-Mădălina ,   "National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, 112 Vitan Ave, District 3, 31299, Bucharest, Romania", ENE Nicoleta ,   "National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development-ICCF, 112 Vitan Ave, District 3, 31299, Bucharest, Romania"
Published: April 2022

The task of our studies was represented by the seasonal microbial load analysis from some Romanian natural salted water sources (springs and lakes) in order to check the requested conditions for their use as balneal treatment in a safe way. In order to check if the seasonal environmental factors can change the microbial load of some natural salted springs, a set of microbiological analyses were carried out at a laboratory level. Our study was focused on the next microbial groups: mesophilic bacteria growing at 22o C, mesophilic bacteria growing at 37o C, total number of coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. The methods used for this purpose were those recommended by the specialized standards. The obtained results were compared with the literature data and indicated the importance of keeping a safe area in the neighborhood of those natural water sources which are selected as balneal treatment resorts.
"Main Air Pollution Sources Correlated with the Tropospheric No2 Concentration in Romania as Observed by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (Sentinel-5P). "
Authors:   Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire LOTERR-EA7304, Île du Saulcy, 57045 Metz, France, KOVÁCS Kamill Dániel , HAIDU Ionel ,   Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire LOTERR-EA7304, Île du Saulcy, 57045 Metz, France
Published: April 2022

Using high-resolution Sentinel-5P satellite data, this study investigates the relationship between the main sources of air pollution and the concentration of NO2 gas in the tropospheric column during the period 2018-2021 in Romania. NO2 data, both raster and time series obtained through remote sensing techniques by the TROPOMI sensor were used for this analysis. Kernel density estimation (KDE) was chosen as a technique to determine the magnitude of the spatial densification of the main sources of NO2 pollution (KDE PS). Hotspot-Coldspot analysis of the NO2 concentration based on Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) was performed using Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Besides, a correlation and regression analysis was conducted based on a statistical T-test between KDE PS, elevation above sea level, and mean tropospheric NO2 concentration during 2018-2021. The results evidenced that traditional air pollution sources continue to determine the NO2 pollution levels in Romania, these levels aside being also conditioned by the elevation above sea level. We conclude that NO2 pollution can only be reduced in polluted areas if green energy is favored and measures are taken to mitigate polluting traffic in cities.
On the solvability of a system of Caputo-Hadamard fractional hybrid differential equations subject to some hybrid boundary conditions
Authors:   University of Ghardaia, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Ghardaia, Algeria, Boutiara Abdelatif , Benbachir Maamar ,   University of Ghardaia, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Ghardaia, Algeria, Guerbati Kaddour ,   Saad Dahlab University, Faculty of Sciences, Blida, Algeria
Published: April 2022

We give some existence and regularity results for a system of a new class of hybrid Caputo-Hadamard fractional differential equations under hybrid boundary conditions. The technique of investigation is essentially based on the use of a well known hybrid fixed point theorem.
Fixed points and stability of a class of nonlinear differential systems with several delays of feedback control
Authors:   University of El-Oued, Department of Mathematics, El-Oued, Algeria, Gabsi Hocine , Ardjouni Abdelouaheb ,   University of Souk Ahras, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, P.O. Box 1553, Souk Ahras, Algeria, Djoudi Ahcene ,   University of Annaba, Department of Mathematics, P.O. Box 12, Annaba, Algeria
Published: April 2022

We offer existence criteria and sufficient conditions, so that the trivial solution of the differential system with several delays of feedback control is asymptotically stable. Here the fixed point technique is a practical method for this purpose. When these results are applied to some special delay mathematics models, some new results are obtained, and many known results are improved. Lastly, we provide an example that illustrates our results.
Some (Lambda,b)-type mappings in topological spaces
Authors:   University of Gour Banga, Department of Mathematics, Malda-732 103, West Bengal, India, Hoque Jiarul , Modak Shyamapada ,   University of Gour Banga, Department of Mathematics, Malda-732 103, West Bengal, India
Published: April 2022

We introduce and study (Lambda, b)-continuous, (Lambda, b)-irresolute and quasi-(Lambda, b)-irresolute mappings. Some characterizations and several properties concerning aforesaid mappings are obtained. The authors also introduce (Lambda, b)-compactness and (\Lambda, b)-connectedness. It is proved that (Lambda, b)-compactness (respectively (\Lambda, b)-connectedness) is preserved under (\Lambda, b)-irresolute mappings. The paper also touches the topics frontier points, Dirichlet's function, filter and algebraic structure of some functions.
Integral inequalities in amalgam spaces
Authors:   National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Chakmoh, Galore, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh -- 177005, India, Kumar Suket
Published: April 2022

Weighted norm inequalities for the Volterra integral operator with the kernel are characterized in the amalgam space for certain ranges of indices.
Coefficient inequalities for subclasses of analytic functions based on quasi-subordination and majorization related with sigmoid functions
Authors:   Anna University, University College of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Villupuram-605 103, Tamilnadu, India, Vanitha Lakshminarayanan , Ramachandran Chellakutti ,   Anna University, University College of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Villupuram-605 103, Tamilnadu, India, Murugusundaramoorthy Gangadharan ,   Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore -- 632014, Tamilnadu, India, Orhan Halit ,   Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Erzurum, Turkey
Published: April 2022

We estimate the coefficient bounds for certain subclasses of the starlike and convex functions using quasi-subordination and majorization relating with sigmoid functions.
BODY, MUSIC AND ELECTRONICS: PIERRE SCHAEFFER AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF MUSIC
Authors: LIPTÁK Michal
Published: April 2022

The article presents a phenomenological investigation of body and music, with particular emphasis on electronic music. The investigation builds on theoretical framework developed in phenomenological investigations in art by Edmund Husserl, Mikel Dufrenne and Roman Ingarden. It is guided beyond these analyses by investigations of particular musical examples in avant-garde acoustic and electronic music. In the former case it tackles music from which body is being consciously erased. In the latter case, the erasure occurs instantly. This negative approach elucidates the function of body in music. In case of electronic music, the article focuses on writings and music of pioneer of musique concrète, Pierre Schaeffer. Central argument is that electronic music always has been and still is defined by absence of body, here phenomenologically considered as Leib. As a consequence of the phenomenological elucidation, it is ultimately shown that erasure of body has been one of the avant-garde music’s crucial techniques, and that this avant-garde residue remains in electronic music as such, both experimental and mainstream.
TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN: THE ONTOLOGY OF MONEY IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMIES OF DAVID HUME AND ADAM SMITH
Authors: SMRCZ Adam
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses how the so-called metallist theory of money gave way to functionalism in early modernity. Theoretical metallism held that something, in order to perform the role of money, must bear some intrinsic value. Functionalism, on the contrary, endorsed a social ontology of money claiming that anything could perform that role as long as it was accepted as a means of payment. The paper argues that the early modern discovery of the so-called quantity theory of money played a key role in this transition, since this was the idea to question the inherent valueproofness of commodity money for the first time in history. According to our claim, commodity money was gradually replaced by fiat currencies after the former was no longer was regarded as more valueproof than the latter, and this theoretical struggle is clearly documented by Hume’s and Smith’s respective remarks on the subject.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Impact and Perception of Online Classes on Student Community Pan India during COVID-19
Authors:   Associate Professor, Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India., Rani Seema
Published: April 2022

Introduction:During the COVID-19 pandemic, online classes in India as in other parts of the world, became a prioritised source for learning. The researchers in the present study attempted to assess the perception of online classes including their impact and challenges amongst the students. Methodology: A quantitative approach using descriptive sample survey research design was incorporated to conduct the study. Subjects were students chosen from school and university. A structured questionnaire as Google Form was used to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyse the data. Results: 97% of students spent 2 to 7 hours daily for online classes. Online classes give the right theoretical and practical experience as expressed by 55.4% and 21% respectively. 62% of students perceive that online grading system is less effective than offline grading system. Half of the subjects prefer face to face learning and one fourth preferred hybrid mode. 67.5% of students opined that online classes do not allow adequate interaction with the teachers. Among health impacts, 68%, 38%, 43% and 59% of the students reported eye, ear, and sleep and socialisation problems respectively. 74% of them reported drastic change in eating habits, while 76% of the subjects reported weight gain; posture problems were reported to be faced by 98 (62%) students; 57 (64.3%) reported pain in the back of the neck, 52 (58.2%) reported low back pain, 42 (42.9%) reported pain during forward bending of shoulders, and 26 (26.5%) complained of stiff shoulders. Conclusion: Online classes at the present time are not considered a preferred mode of learning by students. The students identified various restrictions of online classes towards the understanding of subjects, limiting interaction with teachers and students asserted many negative impacts of prolonged online classes on their health.
A General Linear Model Approach to Determine the Effect of Un-lockdown on COVID-19 Pandemic in New Delhi
Authors:   National  Centre  for  Disease  Control, Delhi, India., Dhuria Meera
Published: April 2022

Introduction: As new strains of SARCOV2 virus emerge across the world, it is imperative to investigate measures which restrict the movement of the general population such as social and travel restrictions by lockdowns to mitigate the effects of COVID-19. Thus, our paper helps in two ways: 1) Drastic measures like lockdown are essential but cannot be a feasible long-term intervention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand if the same unlock down can be reversed without compromising public health needs. Our paper provides evidence on the same; and 2) Our report also provides an insight into the trends of disease transmission during different phases of the un-lockdown.Methods: We examine the spread of pandemic during different phases of Un-lockdown (8th June to 31st October 2020). Since Rt calculation takes into consideration numerous factors, we use β, the transmission coefficient that governs the transition of population from Susceptible to Exposed pool, to examine the effect of public heaThelth interventions on disease spread.Results: The comparison of the distribution of fitted β values, thus calculated using SEIR model and GLM have been done and a Welch Two Sample t-test suggests that the GLM fitted β and SEIR β data sets are not significantly different from one another.Conclusion: We provide evidence that un-lockdown can be achieved without increasing the transmission of disease disproportionately. Thus, a phased wise approach to un-lockdown is encouraged. We also provide the rationale for using β over Rt values to specifically assess the effect of public health interventions designed to decrease exposure.
Bioaerosol Spread of COVID-19 and TB in Air Conditioned Spaces: How the Court Spearheaded the Movement in India
Authors:   Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India., Singh Raja
Published: April 2022

The measures taken in buildings to make them resilient against the spread of airborne diseases have seen a rise during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are of importance as bioaerosols spread through recirculation based air conditioning systems. This can be tackled by sanitisation or by dilution ventilation caused by increased fresh air supply. In response to a written petition by a lawyer on the issue of air conditioning in the court premises and the spread of COVID-19, the Delhi High Court held the Fundamental Rights of the citizens by extending it to a right to a healthy environment and acknowledging the concerns in the petition. A committee was also set up by the court to relook at the ventilation and air conditioning within the court. The Right to Information Act, 2005 was used to obtain the minutes of the committee meetings. This short communication discusses the decisions which provide insights into the lack of reliable information available in the initial phases of the meetings. This has been hinted to show the possible lack of regulation for infection control through airborne route in public buildings. Design decisions are also looked at. This paper aims at providing a commentary with the aim of linking research and practice in the area of bioaerosol spread of diseases like COVID-19 and tuberculosis in public spaces.
Comparative Evaluation of Short-term Clinical Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines - Covishield and Covaxin
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad  Hospital  and  Research  Institute,  Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Chengalpattu (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India., Elango Abinaya
Published: April 2022

Background: Many candidate vaccines against COVID-19 are competing for their clinical safety and efficacy but few have got approval from the competent authorities. However, people are still concerned about their use. Objectives: To assess the clinical safety of COVID-19 vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin using the incidence of self-reported and solicited local and systemic adverse events and efficacy by collecting data on the occurrence of confirmed COVID-19 infection after vaccination and to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of both the vaccines. Method: This study was conducted as an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire, among the individuals who were vaccinated in the months of February, March and April 2021. The participants were categorised into two groups, based on the type of vaccine they received as Covishield and Covaxin. The two groups did not differ in terms of age and gender. Results: The proportion of participants who had adverse events after the first dose of vaccination was significantly high with Covishield (37.2%) compared to Covaxin (17.4%). But the proportion of participants who developed adverse events after the second dose was not significantly different between Covishield and Covaxin (16.1% with Covishield and 23.8% with Covaxin). The incidence of COVID-19 infection after vaccination was similar in both the groups (4.5% in Covishield group and 5.7% in Covaxin group, p = 0.5, Chi-square test). Conclusion: The findings from this study gives real-world data that both Covishield and Covaxin are equally effective in preventing COVID-19 infection and have an acceptable safety profile.
COVID-19 Vaccination for Children: Acceptance by the Mothers of Children Aged 2-12 Years in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Chettinad Hospital  and  Research  Institute,  Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., M Jasmine
Published: April 2022

Background: Despite the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination by adults, the parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children due to safety, side effects and efficiency concerns. The objective of the present study is to find acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for children among mothers. Materials and Method:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among mothers of children 2-12 years residing in a village of field practice area of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chengalpet district. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used. Vaccine hesitancy was scored with the Likert scale. The data collected was entered and analysed with SPSS IBM version 22.0.Results:Among the study participants, the majority of the mothers 121 (90%) had more than 4 visits during their antenatal period. Institutional deliveries 124 (92%) were reported by mothers. The majority of the children 114 (82%) were fully vaccinated as per the immunisation schedule. Few of the mothers 46 (34.3%) reported that adults in the family are yet to be completely vaccinated for COVID-19. 13 (10%) of the mothers reported that there was a COVID-19 related death in the family or neighbourhood. Among the mothers, 50 (37%) had COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and were not willing to vaccinate their children. Mothers’ education, COVID-19 deaths in family or neighbourhood, fathers’ education were the determining factors for vaccine acceptance.Conclusion: Before planning vaccination on a mass scale, we need to increase the acceptance rate through awareness and educational programmes.