bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Quality Management System for Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu
Authors: Wang Jin , Ma Xianghua , Pan Chen
Published: March 2021

Objective: To critically evaluate the Quality Management System (QMS) for Clinical Nutrition (CN) in Jiangsu. Monitor its performance in quality assessment as well as human resource management from nutrition aspect. Investigate the appliance and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical quality control.Data Source: The study source of this research was all the staffs of 70 Clinical Nutrition Department (CND) of the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. These departments are all members of the Quality Management System of Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu (QMSNJ).Methods: An online survey was conducted on all 341 employees within all these CNDs based on the staff information from the surveyed medical institutions. The questionnaire contains 5 aspects, while data analysis and AI evaluation were focused on human resource information. Results: 330 questionnaires were collected with the respondent rate of 96.77%. The QMS for CN has been build up for CNDs in Jiangsu, which achieved its target in human resource improvements, especially among dietitians. The increasing number of participated departments (42.8%) and the significant growth of dietitians (p=0.02, t=-0.42) are all expressions of the advancements of QMSNJ.Conclusion: As the first innovation of an online platform for QM in Jiangsu, JPCNMP has been successfully implemented among QMS from this research. This multidimensional electronic system can help QMSNJ and CND achieve quality assessment from various aspects, so as to realize the continuous improvement of clinical nutrition. The instrument of online platform, as well as AI technology for quality assessment is worth to be recommended and promoted in the future.
Non-contact, in-vivo, functional, and structural ophthalmic imaging using multimodal photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)
Authors: Hosseinaee Zohreh , Abbasi Nima , Khalili Layla , Mukhangaliyeva Lyazzat , Pellegrino Nicholas , Reza Parsin Haji
Published: March 2021

Early diagnosis of ocular diseases improves the understanding of pathophysiology and aids in accurate monitoring and effective treatment. Advanced, multimodal ocular imaging platforms play a crucial role in visualization of ocular components and provide clinicians with a valuable tool for evaluating various eye diseases. Here, for the first time we present a non-contact, multiwavelength photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for in-vivo functional and structural imaging of the eye. The system provides complementary imaging contrasts of optical absorption and optical scattering, and is used for non-contact, in-vivo imaging of murine eye. Results of vasculature and structural imaging as well as melanin content in the retinal pigment epithelium layer are presented. Multiwavelength PARS microscopy using Stimulated Raman Scattering is applied to enable in-vivo, non-contact oxygen saturation estimation in the ocular tissue. The reported work may be a major step towards clinical translation of ophthalmic technologies and has the potential to advance the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases.
Academic Stress and Suicidal Ideation: Moderated Mediation Study
Authors: Okechukwu Franca Obiageli , Ogba Kalu T. U. , Nwufo Juliet Ifeoma , Oluchi Ogba Miracle , Nneka Onyekachi Blessing , Nwanosike Chinonso , Amuche Onyishi Bonaventure
Published: March 2021

Objective: To examine the moderated mediation association of coping and resilience on academic stress and suicidal ideation. Method: We sample 505 undergraduate volunteers [including 329(65.1%) males and 176(34.9%) females] from three South-Eastern Nigerian Universities. Participants were administered self-report: Lakaev Academic Stress Response Scale (LASRS; Lakaev, 2006), Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI; Beck, Kovacs, & Weissman, 1979), Brief COPE (B-COPE; Carver, 1997) and Resilience Scale (RS-14; Wagnild & Young, 1993). Results: Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro showed that academic stress was a significant predictor of coping. Coping did not significantly predict suicidal ideation but moderated the effect of academic stress on suicidal ideation, such that low or moderate coping with academic stress would most likely lead to suicidal ideation. However, resilience negatively predicted suicidal ideation and was positively associated with academic stress. A Sobel test (z = 3.21, p = .004) confirmed that resilience fully mediated the relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation.Conclusion: Educational administrators and policy makers should incorporate courses and teachings that entail effective coping skills as well as inculcate resilience especially to fresh undergraduates, since resilient students recover from academic stress given that they practice adequate coping strategies; and such students may not likely ideate about suicide
VitaminD3 Regulates T Cell Immune Responses in Allergen and Rhinovirus Induced Asthma
Authors: Finotto Susetta , Haag Patricia , Andreev Darja , Li Nina , Kiefer Alexander , Rauh Manfred , Gleich Luisa , Wirtz Stefan , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G.
Published: March 2021

Background: Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency during infancy has been associated with asthma. The potential therapeutic role of VitD3 given in the airways and its interference with the allergen and Rhinovirus was the objective of this study. Methods: In two cohorts of children with and without asthma, serum levels of the C-reactive protein (CRP) were correlated to Serum VitD3 and in peripheral blood T cell inhibitor marker Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) mRNA was analyzed. In a murine model, VitD3 was given intranasally in vivo and in vitro to lung cells with allergen and Rhinovirus. Results: In the cohorts of pre-school age children without (control) asthma, CRP and VitD3 levels inversely correlated. In preschool asthmatic children that did not receive VitD3 supplementation as infant had more episode of asthma exacerbation associated with high CRP serum level. In peripheral blood cells from control but not asthmatic children with higher serum levels of VitD3 had lower PD1 mRNA levels. In murine model, OVA intranasal challenge induced Innate Lymphoid Cells type 2 (ILC2)-associated markers and Eosinophils in BALF and VitD3 inhibited lung inflammation and ILC2 markers. Furthermore, VitD3 given intranasally, induced CD4+T cells and reduced PD1, T regulatory cells in the lung. Similarly, VitD3 had a suppressive role on CD4+PD1+ T cells involved in T cell exhaustion in the airways in the absence of ST2 after Rhinovirus infection. Conclusion: These data support an inhibitory role of VitD3 on T cell exhaustion after allergen and rhinovirus infection that is relevant for pediatric asthma.
A promising cell line for research on the control of locust plagues
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyo , Sugahara Ryohei , Tanaka Seiji , Kayukawa Takumi
Published: March 2021

The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), which forms a huge swarm, consuming large amounts of wild and agricultural plants, is the most destructive migratory pest in the world. Recently, a large-scale locust plague occurred from Africa to South Asia. The main methods used to control these pests, which involve the use of inexpensive and highly residual insecticides, are raising concerns on their impact on humans, domestic animals, and the environment. Cell lines are a useful research tool in molecular biological analysis and drug discovery; however, no cell line is yet available for the research of S. gregaria. Here, we succeeded in establishing a cell line (Sg-155 cells) from S. gregaria embryos and validated its utility. Soaking with low concentrations of dsRNA induced high and long-lasting RNAi efficiency in Sg-155 cells. Furthermore, response to an insect hormone, a candidate target as an anti-locust agent, was observed at the gene expression level. Thus, the Sg-155 cell line is useful in exploring and evaluating target genes and could therefore be applied as a high-throughput screening tool in the development of anti-locust agents.
Effect of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis on Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis Patients Treated With Ibandronate
Authors: Park Hyung-Youl , Ha Ji-Yoon , Kim Ki-Won , Baek In-Hwa , Park Soo-Bin , Lee Jun-Seok
Published: March 2021

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can cause various neurological symptoms and reduce the daily activity of patients. Many studies have shown that free physical activities and exercise can improve bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteoporosis. However, the effect of LSS on BMD has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LSS on BMD in patients treated with ibandronate for newly diagnosed osteoporosis.Methods: Group 1 included 83 patients with osteoporosis alone, and group 2 included 76 patients with both osteoporosis and symptomatic LSS. We confirmed four BMD values presented as T-score at initial, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-ups. Mean BMD and annual changes of BMD for three years were compared between the two groups. Correlations between initial BMD and total change of BMD were also analyzed in both groups.Results: Mean annual BMDs were significantly higher in group 1 compared than in group 2 (-3.39 vs. -3.58 at 1-year; -3.27 vs. -3.49 at 2-year; -3.13 vs. -3.45 at 3-year; all p < 0.05). Annual change of BMD at 1-year follow-up (0.32 vs. 0.21, p = 0.036) and total change of BMD for three years (0.57 vs. 0.35, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in group 1. Group 1 had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.511, P = 0.000) between initial BMD and total change of BMD, whereas group 2 showed a weak negative correlation (r = -0.247, p = 0.032).Conclusions: Symptomatic LSS may interfere with BMD improvement in the treatment of osteoporosis with ibandronate. Active treatment for LSS with more potent treatment for osteoporosis should be taken to increase BMD for patients with osteoporosis and LSS.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from South China: modeled by three methods
Authors: Hu Zhuoran , Zhang Lei , Lin Zhiming , Zhao Changlin , Xu Shuiming , Lin He , Zhang Jiejing , Li Wenjie , Chu Yongliang
Published: March 2021

Background. To explore the prevalence of bone loss among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls and further explored the risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis of RA patients. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in four hospitals in different districts in South China. Case records, laboratory tests, and bone mineral density (BMD) results were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage, selection operator (LASSO), and random forest (RF) was for exploring the risk factors for osteopenia or osteoporosis in RA patients.Results. Four hundred five patients with RA and 198 HC were included. RA patients had lower BMD in almost detective sites than healthy controls; the decline of lumbar spine BMD was earlier than HC. RA patients were more likely to comorbid with osteopenia and osteoporosis (p for trend <0.001) in the lumbar spine than HC. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level and using tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in the last year, aging, lower body mass index, and increased serum uric acid were associated with bone loss.Conclusions. RA patients were more prone and earlier to have bone loss than HC. More attention should be paid to measuring BMD in RA patients aging with lower BMI or hyperuricemia. Besides, serum vitamin D and all three detective sites are recommended to check routinely. TNFi usage in the last year might benefit bone mass.
The work competence of Shanghai’s GPs: a cross-sectional study based on self-assessment
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Ru Xueying , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xiangjie , Gong Jian , Lao Limin , Gao Junling , Pan Zhigang
Published: March 2021

Background: General practitioners(GPs) have taken new challenges as requested in a new model introduced in China recently. Unlike some countries where general medicine are well developed, there is a lack of a standard in China that can be generalized to assess GPs’ work competence. The aim of the study was to investigate work competence of GPs in Shanghai’s community health services(CHS) in China by self-assessment, providing evidences for effectiveness of GPs’ post-education and training. Methods: A stratified and proportional cluster sampling method was adopted in this cross-sectional study from 116 CHS in Shanghai.(n=2954). We collected data on GPs demographic variables and work competence which was separated as patient care ability, teaching ability, communication skill and coordination ability, using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The mean score of patient care ability, teaching ability, communication skill and coordination ability were 76.93±12.55, 63.47±28.97, and 76.31±20.25 on a scale of 100, respectively. GPs who were 30-39 years old, worked in urban CHSs, and participated in GP trainer’s training or had teaching experience got higher scores in patient care ability. Those GPs who worked for 5-20 years in CHS, especially in training CHSs which is involved in post-graduate GPs training program, and participated in GP trainer’s training program had higher scores in teaching ability. As for communication skill and coordination ability, GPs who were older than 30-39 years old and with a senior professional title, worked in training CHSs, participated in GP trainer’s training and had teaching experiences in CHS can got higher scores.Conclusions: There is a large space to improve the patient care ability, teaching ability, communication skill and coordination ability for GPs in Shanghai’s CHS ,especially in teaching ability.
Using finite volume method for investigating the turbulent flow field and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a channel with triangular vortex generators
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Saeed Tareq
Published: March 2021

This study examines the turbulent flow field and heat transfer rate (HTR) of the non-Newtonian H2O-Al2O3-carboxymethyl (CMC) in a channel with vortex generators. The finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm were employed for solving the partial differential equations. The mean Nusselt numbers (Num) and pressure drops were studied at angles of 30-60°, vortex generator depths of 1-3 mm, Reynolds numbers (Re) of 3000-30000, and nanoparticles volume fractions (φ) of 0.5% and 1.5%. According to the numerical results, the use of triangular vortex generators significantly incremented the Nusselt number (Nu) of the non-Newtonian nanofluid (NF), while it had a lower effect on the enhancement of pressure drop (DP). It was also indicated that a change in the vortex generator depth in the range of a few millimeters had no significant effects on the Nu and pressure drop. Moreover, a rise in the Re (i.e., more turbulent flow) significantly incremented HTR. An increase in the Re raised pressure drop; however, the Num incremented more than the pressure drop. Also, the variations of the local Nu indicated that the local Nu significantly incremented around vortex generators due to the formation of vortex flows. An enhancement in the volume fraction of the base fluid’s nanoparticles (NPs) from 0.5% to 1.5% significantly incremented HTR and the Nu.
Catastrophic Carpal Fractures in Racehorses during Traditional Competitions: Assessing Mechanobiology using Multibody Modelling and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Pagliara Eleonora , Pasinato Alvise , Valazza Alberto , Cantatore Federica , Terzini Mara , Putame Giovanni , Parrilli Annapaola , Sartori Maria , Fini Milena , Zanetti Elisabetta , Bertuglia Andrea
Published: March 2021

Background: City circuit competitions (Palio) in Italy are traditional horse race held in the heart of some cities centre once a year. The prevalence of accidents during these competitions is only anecdotally reported; however there is a diffuse perception that these events adversely affect racehorse industry and impact on equine welfare. The aim of the study is to understand the basic physiopathology of catastrophic fracture of the carpus in a 7-y old thoroughbred euthanized following catastrophic fracture of the left carpus during a traditional horse race, comparing the localization and the magnitude of the contact forces at the level of the affected joint, obtained in simulated conditions with the macro- and microscopic structural damages.Methods: A retrospective analysis of a thoroughbred racehorse galloping at high speeds on an urban racetrack conditions was set up. Computational modelling of the carpal joint was generated using a multibody code for dynamics simulation, considering the circuit design, the speed of the animal, and the surface characteristic. The results were compared to the findings observed during computed tomography, micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation following hematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O fast green staining.Results: The articular surfaces of the radial, intermediate and ulnar facet of the radius together with the proximal articular surface of small carpal bones exhibited diffuse wear lines, erosions of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone exposure. The fracture line along the radial carpal bone initiating the injury does not travel in a region with bone sclerosis. In the computational model, the peak force for the contact between the radius and the radial carpal bone has a value of 6880 N. Conclusions: This study highlight how during traditional racing circuits it develops elevate impact forces at the level of contact surfaces of the carpal joint, due to effect of speed and curve, causing catastrophic bone fracture and hyaline cartilage breakdown in the absence of pre-existing pathology.
The Role of FOLFIRINOX in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Du Nannan , Zhou Fengyan , Hong Jiaze , Ng Derry Minyao , Yang Tong , Zhou Xinyu , Jin Jieyin , Zhou Feifei , Chen Ping , Chen Jingjie
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is extremely poor and most patients with metastatic PC still receive palliative care. Here, we report the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil) in the treatment of metastatic PC.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases for articles that described efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX in patients with metastatic PC, from their inception to July 2020. The primary outcomes targeted included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsWe found that FOLFIRINOX could directly improve OS rate of patients with metastatic PC (HR: 0.76, 95% Cl: 0.67-0.86, p<0.001), but had no benefit on PFS. Results from subgroup analyses showed that FOLFIRINOX had superior benefits than mono-chemotherapy (HR: 0.59, 95% Cl: 0.52-0.67, p<0.001), followed by FOLFIRINOX versus combination chemotherapy (HR: 0.76, 95% Cl: 0.61-0.95, p<0.001). The result of FOLFIRINOX versus nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine had no benefit (HR: 0.91, 95% Cl: 0.82-1.02, p>0.05). The main adverse events (AEs) targeted hematological toxicity and the gastrointestinal system, and included febrile neutropenia, a reduction in white blood cells and appetite, as well as diarrhea.ConclusionThese findings indicated that FOLFIRINOX has potential benefits for the prognosis of patients with metastatic PC. Furthermore, there is no difference between the regimen of FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine in this study. The application of FOLFIRINOX should be according to the actual situation of the patients and the experience of the doctors.
Adherence to recommendations for secondary prevention medications after myocardial infarction in Estonia – comparison of real-world data from 2004-2005 and 2017-2018
Authors: Lõiveke Piret , Marandi Toomas , Ainla Tiia , Fischer Krista , Eha Jaan
Published: March 2021

Background: Relatively high rates of adherence to myocardial infarction (MI) secondary prevention medications have been reported, but register-based, objective real-world data is scarce.We aimed to analyse adherence to guideline-recommended medications for secondary prevention of MI in 2017-2018 (period II) and compare the results with data from 2004-2005 (period I) in Estonia.Methods: Study populations were formed based on data from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund's database and on Estonian Myocardial Infarction Register. By linking to the Estonian Medical Prescription Centre database adherence to guideline-recommended medications for MI secondary prevention was assessed for one year follow-up period from the first hospitalization due to MI. Data was analysed using the defined daily dosages methodology. Results: Total of 6694 and 6060 cases of MI were reported in periods I and II, respectively. At least one prescription during the follow up period was found for beta-blockers (BB) in 81.0 % and 83.5 % (p = 0.001), for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) in 76.9 % and 66.0 % (p < 0.001), and for statins in 44.0 % and 67.0 % (p < 0.001) of patients in period I and II, respectively. P2Y12 inhibitors were used by 76.4 % of patients in period II. The logistic regression analysis adjusted to gender and age revealed that some drugs and drug combinations were not allocated similarly in different age and gender groups. Conclusions: In Estonia, adherence to MI secondary prevention guideline-recommended medications has improved. But as adherence is still not ideal more attention should be drawn to MI secondary prevention through systematic guideline implementation.
De-novo Multilayering in Fibrovascular Pigment Epithelial Detachment
Authors: Soman Manoj , Sheth Jay U , Indurkar Asmita , Meleth Padmanabhan , Nair Unnikrishnan
Published: March 2021

This study describes the occurrence of multilayered pigment-epithelial detachment (MLPED) as a De-novo phenomenon (DN-MLPED) and compare the features with multi-layering secondary to chronic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF) therapy(s-MLPED). We did a retrospective evaluation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) features, treatment-profile, and visual-acuity (VA) outcomes in eyes with MLPED. Out of 17 eyes with MLPED, 7 eyes had DN-MLPED and 10 eyes had s-MLPED. There was no significant difference in baseline and final VA between the groups. At the final visit, the DN-MLPED eyes showed improvement in VA (LogMAR-BCVA: Baseline=0.79±0.91; Final=0.76±0.73; p=0.87) while the s-MLPED eyes showed decline (LogMAR BCVA: Baseline=0.43±0.68; Final=0.94±0.71; p=0.87), although not significantly. Moreover, after presentation, the median number of injections in DN-MLPED eyes were significantly lower compared to s-MLPED eyes (DN-MLPED:4; s-MLPED:12; p=0.03) (Median follow-up: DN-MLPED=26months; s-MLPED=54months; p=0.15). Subretinal hyperreflective-material (SHRM) deposition heralded the onset of multilayering and was seen to progress in all DN-PED eyes and 1/4 eyes of s-MLPED. To conclude, MLPED is a unique form of cicatrizing fibrovascular-PED which can evolve denovo too. Long-standing disease with intermittent or low-grade activity can potentially explain this unique phenomenon. With fewer anti-VEGF therapy, the de-novo MLPED eyes show more visual stability as compared to s-MLPED eyes.
Matta’s criteria may be useful for evaluating and predicting the reduction quality of simultaneous acetabular and ipsilateral pelvic ring fractures
Authors: Yu Yi-Hsun , Liu Chang-Heng , Hsu Yung-Heng , Chou Ying-Chao , Chen I-Jung , Wu Chi-Chuan
Published: March 2021

Background Although the incidences, fracture types, and radiological outcomes for simultaneous ipsilateral pelvic ring and acetabular fractures were reported, there have been no reports on factors that may affect reduction quality of an acetabular fracture. Here, we evaluate the radiological outcomes of patients treated for simultaneous ipsilateral pelvic and acetabular fractures and analyze the factors that affect the reduction quality of acetabular fractures.Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for simultaneous ipsilateral pelvic ring and acetabular fractures between 2016 to 2020. Potential factors were analyzed to predict inadequate reduction of the acetabular fractures.Results Data from 27 hips of 26 patients were collected. AO B2.2 and anterior columnar fractures were the most common fracture types of the pelvic ring and acetabular fractures, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that Matta’s criteria for pelvic ring fracture may be useful for predicting fair to poor reduction quality of acetabular fractures on X-rays. Furthermore, associated fractures identified by Letournel’s classification system on CT scan may be factors for predicting greater step-offs.Conclusions The associated fractures identified via Letournel’s classification may be factors that contribute to inadequate reduction for such fractures. Matta’s criteria for pelvic ring fractures may also be useful for predicting the similar risk of inadequate reduction of the acetabulum on X-ray scans. These findings may be applied intraoperatively by fluoroscopy before the beginning of osteosynthesis for acetabular fractures.
Evaluation of a Sample Pooling Strategy for Sars-cov-2 Using Real Time PCR
Authors: Nankya Annet M , Nyakarahuka Luke , Balinandi Stephen , Kayiwa John , Lutwama Julius , Tamale Andrew , Kungu Joseph M
Published: March 2021

Back ground: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Uganda was first reported in a male traveler from Dubai on 21st March, 2020 shortly after WHO had announced the condition as a global pandemic. Timely laboratory diagnosis of COVID -19 for all samples from both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was observed as key in containing the pandemic and breaking the chain of transmission. However, there was a challenge of limited resources required for testing SARS-COV-2 in low and middle income countries. To mitigate this, a study was conducted to evaluate a sample pooling strategy for COVI-19 using real time PCR. The cost implication and the turn around time of pooled sample testing versus individual sample testing were also compared.Methods: In this study, 1260 randomly selected samples submitted to Uganda Virus Research Institute for analysis were batched in pools of 5, 10, and 15. The pools were then extracted using a Qiagen kit. Both individual and pooled RNA were screened for the SARS-COV-2 E gene using a Berlin kit. Results: Out of 1260 samples tested, 21 pools were positive in pools of 5 samples, 16 were positive in pools of 10 and 14 were positive in pools of 15 samples. The study also revealed that the pooling strategy helps to save a lot on resources, time and expands diagnostic capabilities without affecting the sensitivity of the test in areas with low SARS-COV-2 prevalence.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the pooling strategy for COVID-19 reduced on the turnaround time and there was a substantial increase in the overall testing capacity with limited resources as compared to individual testing.
Involvement of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 in M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Cholinergic Transmission within the Mouse Dorsal Striatum
Authors: Zhou Hu , Shi Huaxiang , Li Xing , Zhang Jingxin , Sui Xin , Zhao Zhe , Nie Zhiyong , Wang Yongan , Li Jin , Wang Liyun
Published: March 2021

Background: An imbalance between dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) within the striatum has reemerged as key to the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD). M4 is a prominent muscarinic ACh receptor subtype in the striatum and we have previously reported that M4 controls cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) / dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32) activity in cultured medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However, the mechanism of this control remains unclear. Methods: Genetic, electrophysiological, and immunohistochemical approaches were used in conjunction with pharmacological methods to study isolated M4-deleted MSNs (M4-KD MSNs) and a dorsomedial striatum (DMS) M4 knockout mouse model. We examined the role of Cdk5 in M4-mediated neural cholinergic transmission and related behavior.Results: Oxotremorine M, a nonselective mAchR agonist, promoted Cdk5/P35 signaling activity in DSM MSNs both in vivo and in vitro. Either pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of M4 decreased the amount of Cdk5 and DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in dopamine 1 receptor-expressing MSNs. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recording confirmed Cdk5 is necessary for M4-mediated cholinergic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission in MSNs in vivo and in vitro. Concomitantly, deletion of M4 activity in the DMS caused Oxotremorine M-induced Cdk5 signaling and glutamatergic synaptic input to be altered in parallel with behavioral responses. Conclusions: We characterized a novel regulatory mechanism of Cdk5/DARPP-32 involved in M4-mediated cholinergic regulation on striatonigral neurons and on motor behavior. The findings indicate that inhibition of M4 mAChR could be a novel approach to correct the pathological conditions of PD.
The Stages of Debris Flow Activity During the Quaternary in the Xiaojiang River Basin, China
Authors: Liang Xuezhan , Chen Hongkai , Zhang Jinhao , Liu Bin
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to predict the laws and trends of modern debris flow by examining the activity cycle of debris flow during the Quaternary and its relationship with environmental change. The timing of the debris flow activity period was determined using sediment dating data based on typical debris flow deposition profiles selected from various terraces in the Xiaojiang River Basin, China. The relationships between debris flow and environmental change were compared and analyzed using neotectonic history, the deep-sea oxygen isotope δ18O curve, and the loess paleosol series. The results showed that the debris flow activities in the Xiaojiang River Basin could divided into eight activity cycles, namely 11.42 Ma, 0.985 Ma, 0.562–0.52 Ma, 0.218 Ma, 0.137 Ma, 14 Ka, 0.73 Ka, and since 3 Ka. The activity cycle of debris flow deposition coincided with the neotectonically active period. Neotectonic movement has controlled the cycle of large debris flow deposition in the Xiaojiang River Basin since the Quaternary. The sedimentary activity of debris flow was not completely consistent with a warm and humid climate, and the sedimentation activity of debris flow was the result of the combined effects of tectonic movement and climate change.
Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Clinical and Electophysiological Study
Authors: Azouz Hanan Galal , Mohsen Ali M Abdel , Mohamed Rana M , abdelghany hayam mostafa
Published: March 2021

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent severe motor disability among children. The aim of this work was to assess autonomic dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy clinically and electrophysiologically .The study was carried out on forty children with cerebral palsy their age ranged from 4-12 years and twenty healthy children with matched age and sex as control group. CP children were subjected to questionnaire for autonomic dysfunction symptoms. Both CP children and Control group were assessed for Sympathetic Skin Response and Heart rate variability. Most of children had quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy (82.5%). Based on Gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) classification the majority of children were in levels 4 and 5. The prevalence of autonomic dysfunction symptoms was 80% for thermoregulatory abnormalities (cold extremities), chronic constipation 65%, sleep disturbance 52.5%, loss of appetite 47.5%, sweating abnormalities 40% , recurrent nausea and/or vomiting 25%, increased sensitivity to light or dark 22.5% and bloating 15%. The percentage of unelicited Sympathetic skin response in CP children was 47.5% and 60% in upper limbs and lower limbs respectively, all of them were in level 4 and 5 of GMFCS. 20% of CP children had postural hypotension. Mean Heart rate of CP children was significantly increased more than healthy children upon head tilt test. Sympathetic Skin Response and Heart rate variability were proven to be simple and non invasive procedures in investigating autonomic dysfunction in CP children.
Carvacrol Promotes Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis of Triple-negative Breast Cancer Through TRPM7 Channels
Authors: Li Jing , Ye Haiyan , Wang Jun , Qin Junli , Chen Lixia
Published: March 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most dangerous type of breast cancer. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy agent for solid tumors treatments, but it is subjected to drug resistance. A natural compound, carvacrol, showed anti-cancer potential for TNBC and can be a cisplatin sensitizer. Carvacrol inhibits the transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 channel (TRPM7), which plays a critical role in cancer apoptosis. In this study, we proposed that carvacrol can promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis of TNBC through TRPM7 channels. We tested this hypothesis using five TNBC cell lines. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using the MTT and Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) ELISA respectively. 4T1 /BALB/c mice model was used to test the effect of carvacrol on cisplatin treatment. TRPM7 and Bax expression in the tumors were determined using western blotting. We also tested the effect of TRPM7 knockdown and TRPM7 inhibitor, 2-APB, on carvacrol actions in MDA-MB-231. The TRPM7 channel inhibition by carvacrol was confirmed using patch-clamp and Fura-2-based fluorescence quench assay. Results showed that carvacrol enhanced the suppression of cisplatin and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in all five TNBC cancer cell lines. Carvacrol improved cisplatin treatment in mice model by promoting cisplatin-induced apoptosis in tumors, but did not affect TRPM7 in tumors. Both knockdown and 2-APB inhibition of TRPM7 channels eliminated the effects of carvacrol and 2-APB showed a similar effect as carvacrol. Our study demonstrated that carvacrol is a cisplatin sensitizer in TNBC chemotherapy and TRPM7 channels might play a role in the synergistic effect of carvacrol on cisplatin.
A New Benzotriazole Phosphite Ammonium Salt Derivative (PN) Extreme Pressure Additive to Improve Gear Oil Tribological Properties
Authors: Fan Fengqi , Liu Qi , Zhou Kang , Wang Liping , Wei Binbin , Dong Guangneng
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a new benzotriazole phosphite ammonium salt derivative extreme pressure additive called PN was synthesized. Four-ball experiments and SRV experiments were used to test the high temperature and extreme pressure performance of PN additive, and comparisons were made with the commonly used additives including ZDDP and T304. The results show that the COF and wear amount of the PN additive in the four-ball experiment were much smaller than that of the ZDDP and T304 additives. The COF of the PN additive in the RSV experiment changed slightly with temperature, and it had better high temperature extreme pressure performance in friction reduction than the traditional ZDDP and T304 additives. When the temperature was 120oC, the COF of PN was about 30% lower than that of traditional additives. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the failure temperature of PN additives was within 180-200oC, and the thermal stability was better than that of ZDDP and T304. After the four-ball test, SEM was used to observe the morphology of wear spots on the ball surface. It was found that the wear spots containing PN additive had slight adhesive wear, while those containing ZDDP and T304 showed serious adhesion and ploughing wear, and the surface appeared peeling and tearing. XPS was used to detect the chemical composition of friction surface containing PN additive, and thus the formation process of film on frictional surface was analyzed.
Mathematical Modeling of Intraplaque Neovascularization and Hemorrhage in a Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Cai Y , Pan Jichao , Li Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

Background Growing experimental evidence has identified neovascularization from the adventitial vasa vasorum and induced intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) as critical indicators during the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In this study, we propose a mathematical model incorporating intraplaque angiogenesis and hemodynamic calculation of the microcirculation, in order to obtain the quantitative evaluation of the influences of intraplaque neovascularization and hemorrhage on the vulnerable plaque development. A two-dimensional nine-point model of angiogenic microvasculature is generated based on histology of a patient’s carotid plaque. The intraplaque angiogenesis model includes three key cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) and three key chemical factors (vascular endothelial growth factors, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase), which densities and concentrations are described by a series of reaction-diffusion equations. The hemodynamic calculation by coupling the intravascular blood flow, the extravascular plasma flow and the transvascular transport is carried out on the generated angiogenic microvessel network. We then define the IPH area by using the plasma concentration in the interstitial tissue, as well as the extravascular transport across the capillary wall. Results The simulational results reproduce a series of pathophysiological phenomena during the atherosclerotic plaque progression, such as the high microvessel density region at the shoulder areas, the enlarged necrotic core, and the IPH caused by the extravascular plasma flow across the leaky wall of the neovasculature. The simulational results show significant consistency with both the MR imaging data and in vitro experimental observations in quantity ground. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of model parameters reveals that the IPH area and extent can be reduced significantly by decreasing the MVD and the wall permeability of the neovasculature. Conclusions The current quantitative model could help us to better understand the roles of microvascular and intraplaque hemorrhage during the carotid plaque progression.
The Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction on the Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Sato Ryota , Dugar Siddharth , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Schleicher Mary , Collier Patrick , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Duggal Abhijit
Published: March 2021

Background: Previous studies have found various incidences of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) and its association with clinical outcome. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the impact of the presence of RVD on mortality in patients with ARDS.Method: We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies investigating the association between RVD and mortality. Two authors independently evaluated whether studies meet eligibility criteria and extracted the selected patients’ and studies’ characteristics and outcomes. The primary outcome was the association between mortality and the presence of RVD in patients with ARDS. Results: We included 9 studies (N = 1,861 patients) in this meta-analysis. RVD was present in 21.0% (391/1,861). In the pooled meta-analysis, the presence of RVD in patients with ARDS was associated with significantly higher overall mortality (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.86, p-value = 0.003, I2 = 0%), as well as short-term mortality (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.14-1.93, p-value = 0.003, I2 = 0%).Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis including 1,861 patients with ARDS, the presence of RVD was significantly associated with increased overall and short-term mortality.Trial registration: The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206521).
Paper-based ELISA Diagnosis Technology for Human Brucellosis Based on a Multiepitope Fusion Protein
Authors: Yin Dehui , Bai Qiongqiong , Wu Xiling , Li Han , Shao Jihong , Sun Mingjun , Jiang Hai , Zhang Jingpeng
Published: March 2021

Background: At present, as a serious zoonotic infectious disease, the incidence of brucellosis is increasing each year worldwide, exhibiting signs of resurgence. Brucellosis seriously threatens the health of humans, and it is necessary to strengthen the methods utilized for its rapid and accurate diagnosis.Methods: Bioinformatic technology was used to predict B-cell epitopes of the main outer membrane proteins of Brucella and subsequently verified the antigenicity of these epitopes. Prepared a Brucella multiepitope fusion protein and verified the antigenicity of the protein by indirect ELISA. Whatman filter paper was then modified with nano-zinc oxide to construct a paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) technology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.Results: A total of 22 linear B cell epitopes were predicted. Each epitope could recognize some brucellosis sera. The constructed multiepitope fusion protein had good antigenicity and significantly reduced cross-reaction compared with LPS. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 92.38% and 98.35%, the positive predictive value was 98.26%, and the negative predictive value was 91.67%.Conclusions: A multiepitope fusion protein of Brucella was successfully prepared, and a rapid diagnostic technique for brucellosis was established. This technology has potential application value and can be used for the rapid diagnosis of brucellosis.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Glioma Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions Induce Pericyte-Phenotype Transition of Glioma Stem Cells.
Authors: Cheng Yue , Li Shijie , Hou Yongying , Wang Weijun , Wang Ke , Yuan Ye , Ye Xiufeng
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe prognosis of malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is dismal despite advances in surgery, radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Thus, alternative therapy strategies are urgently needed. Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer offers the possibility of universal efficacy. However, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that this therapy using anti-VEGF drug Avastin (Bevacizumab) may lead to a pro-migratory phenotype in therapy resistant GBM and thus actively promote tumor invasion and recurrent tumor growth. MethodsAn ultracentrifugation strategy was used to isolate glioma-derived sEVs under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to characterize these isolated particles. Cytochalasin D was added to disrupt cellular sEVs uptake. A tube formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, while ELISAs and Western blotting were used to assess the activated TGF-β signaling pathway. The effects of sEVs on glioma stem cells (GSCs) in vivo were evaluated using subcutaneous xenografts model system in nude mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were set out to evaluate the pericyte-phenotype transition of GSCs.ResultsIn this present study, we showed that hypoxia could promote the release of sEVs by glioblastoma cells and hypoxia-induced glioma-derived sEVs could be taken up by GSCs. This internalization of sEVs promoted tumor growth in mouse Xenografts through the pericyte-phenotype transition of GSCs. We also demonstrated hypoxia-derived sEVs can efficiently deliver TGF-β1 to GSCs. The activated TGF-β signaling pathway mediated this kind of phenotype transition. In addition, combination of Ibrutinib and Bevacizumab showed more effective in targeting GBM. Conclusions﻿This present study provides a new interpretation to the failure of antiangiogenesis therapy in noncurative surgical resection of GBM, and discovers promising brain-specific therapeutic targets for this damaging tumor.
Should the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Be Cross-culturally Used, and Should It Be Interviewer-administered to Illiterate People? Findings From a Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation Study in Nigeria
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso , Muomah Rosemary C , Sorinola Isaac O , Godfrey Emma L
Published: March 2021

BackgroundNo available measure of anxiety and depression exists for illiterate non-English speaking Igbo Nigerians who have one of the greatest global burden of back pain. This study translated, culturally adapted and psychometrically tested the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in rural and urban Nigerian populations with chronic low back pain (CLBP). MethodsHADS was translated forwards and backwards by clinical and non-clinical translators; appraised by an expert review committee; and pre-tested among twelve rural Nigerian dwellers with CLBP. Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman plots and minimal detectable change were investigated amongst 50 rural and urban Nigerian dwellers with CLBP. Construct validity was investigated using Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and eleven-point box scale of pain intensity; and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using randomly selected 200 adults with CLBP in rural Nigeria. ResultsThere was difficulty achieving cross-cultural equivalence with western idioms. Internal consistency, intra class correlation coefficients, standard error of measurements, and minimal detectable change were good. Igbo-HADS correlated at least moderately with generic self-reported disability, self-reported back pain-specific disability, fear avoidance beliefs and pain intensity. The EFA produced a two-factor structure and cross-loading of items. The CFA showed no good fit indices for the Igbo-HADS EFA structure, and the original two-factor and one-factor structures identified in the literature. ConclusionIgbo-HADS measures emotional distress. However, the suitability of the HADS for assessing anxiety and depression, or emotional distress in this particular population is doubtful.
Are Oil Spills Enhancing Outbreaks of Red Tides in the Chinese Coastal Waters from 1973-2017?
Authors: LIU xin , zhang chunchang , geng ruiying , lv xin
Published: March 2021

Between 1973–2017, evidences of red-tide outbreaks and oil spill accidents in the Chinese coastal waters were collected. Statistical analysis and multiple regression models were used to determine the relationship between the red tide and the oil spill. Major findings reveal that, (1) the frequency of red tides positively correlates to the number of oil spills and the volume of oil spilled as well; (2) The higher percentage of small spills (< 7 tonnes) are more likely to enhance the outbreaks of red tides; (3) More severe oil spill with penalty recorded implies a higher possibility to trigger the red tide afterwards. Therefore, oil spill contingency management aiming at preventing oil spills and mitigating spill effect could be of benefit to decrease the frequency of red tides as well. For example, it is suggested to carry out physical combat instead of chemical dispersants to remove the spilled oil in the shallow coastal areas for reducing the outbreak risk of red tides after the oil spill. The findings from this study shed light on the preventative management of red tides occurrence in the Chinese coastal waters and the similar coastal region elsewhere.