bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Soil Fertility Characteristics and Heavy Metal Health Risks Using the Camellia oleifera Planting Base in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Yang Guoyuan , Li Zhi , Xiao Xu
Published: November 2023

To clarify the soil nutrient status and identify the safety risks of heavy metals in Camellia oleifera planting regions, the integrated soil fertility status was assessed using the improved Nemero composite index method, weighted average method, and coefficient of variation (CV) method, and the impact of heavy metals in the soil on human health was evaluated with a health risk assessment model using the Qianyu C. oleifera planting base in Yuping County, Guizhou Province, as the study object. The results showed the following: (1) The soil pH levels were 4.12–6.17, with CV values of 0.04–0.66, and no significant differences were observed among the plots. The soil was rich in organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus, with a high total potassium content, total phosphorus content, and rapidly available potassium, indicating a high level of comprehensive soil fertility. (2) The total carcinogenic risk (CR) index of the arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in the soil was 1.92 × 10−7, and among these elements, the CR index of the As was the highest (1.3–8.0 × 10−7), but all were below the highest acceptable level (10−6) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) between the soil fertility and trace elements revealed that the soil organic matter content was positively correlated with the contents of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and Cr and negatively correlated with the contents of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), Cd, mercury (Hg), As, and copper (Cu). The soil pH was positively correlated with the contents of Cr, Fe, and Cu and negatively correlated with the contents of Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As. In the study area, the soil was slightly acidic with overall high fertility without any CR. The quality of the C. oleifera was degraded by soil acidification, but the slightly acidic soil facilitated the absorption of trace elements by C. oleifera. Soil acidification could be relieved by taking appropriate measures, such as the addition of biochar or CaCO3. This study determined the soil fertility of the Qianyu C. oleifera planting base and assessed the health risk of heavy metals in the soil, providing a theoretical reference for enhancing C. oleifera quality, preventing the excessive accumulation of soil heavy metals, and improving the soil in this planting base.
Yetişkin Öğrenenlere Yönelik Kurs Oluşturmada Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Grafik Kurs Haritası Tasarlama
Authors: SOKMEN Nida , BOZ Hayat
Published: November 2023

Yetişkin öğrenenlere yönelik başarılı kurslar oluşturmak, deneyimli eğitmenler için bile zorlu bir iştir. Farklı alanlarda yetişkin öğrenenlere yönelik güncel, başarılı ve onların istek ve ihtiyaçlarına uygun bir kurs oluşturmak ve onu başarılı bir şekilde uygulamak önemlidir. Çok farklı hedeflere, deneyimlere, öğrenme sitillerine ve motivasyonlara sahip bireylerin katılması kurs sürecini daha da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu zorluklar göz önüne alındığında eğitmenler; yetişkin öğrenenlere yönelik başarılı bir kurs oluşturmak, katılımı sağlamak ve kursu yönetmek ve değerlendirmek için kurs tasarım haritasına ihtiyaç duyabilirler. Bu makalede, kurs haritası için akış şeması, diyagramı ve grafik düzenleyicisi olan metin tasarımının tamamlaması ve netleştirilmesi amaçlanan, günümüzde giderek güçlü bir araç olan grafik kurs haritası önermektedir. Eğitmenlerin, yetişkin öğrenenlere yönelik kendi kurslarını tasarlarken nasıl yapılandıracaklarını anlamalarına yardımcı olması ve andragojinin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması için grafik kurs haritasının nasıl tasarlanacağı açıklanmakta ve web tasarımı kursu için örnek bir grafik kurs haritası sunmaktadır.
A Comparative Study of Authentic Listening Materials for Non-English Major College Students
Authors: Puspita Puspita , Suswanto Suswanto
Published: November 2023

Broadly listening, non-English major students encounter bigger difficulties in learning English because they have a shorter time indirectly contacting or using the language. An important factor that should be taken into consideration is the use of appropriate authentic listening materials in the classroom. The objectives of the research were aimed to investigate whether there is a significant difference in students' listening comprehension using audio media versus video media and to determine which of these media is effective in enhancing students' listening comprehension. This research used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design. It was conducted in two classes of first-grade students of State Polytechnic of Agriculture Samarinda as non-English major college students. The classes comprised class PPIIA as the experimental group using audio and PPIIB as the control group using video. The researchers used pre-test and post-test designs to collect the data. The result of the data revealed that there was a significant difference between students' listening comprehension using audio media versus video media. Teaching listening using video is more effective in enhancing students' listening comprehension because video can provide visually attractive and enjoyable listening practice for students in the classroom.
Students’ Perception on the Use of Spotify to Improve Students’ Pronunciation
Authors: Ilyas Andini Amalia , Kaniadewi Nita
Published: November 2023

English is the language that predominates in the world than other language. In order to communicate on a worldwide level, especially for academic and commercial objectives. There is a need for learners to acquire communication skills. Thus, learners should have a good pronunciation. Spotify is one of the media they can choose to learn, especially to improve their Pronunciation. The objective of this research was to explore students' perception toward the use of Spotify application to improve students' pronunciation and find out which features in Spotify are the most essential in improving their pronunciation. This research used descriptive qualitative and data collected through semi-structured interviews with ten respondents. The participants from pronunciation practice class batch 2019 in university Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The results revealed that the students agree Spotify is suitable for improving pronunciation. They explain that the features on Spotify can support their learning, especially the lyric and making playlist features. They said listening to the music and seeing the lyrics can be effective in their pronunciation and creating their own playlists can increase their interest in listening to English songs. This research was expected to give a modern application to improve pronunciation.
This is not US: measuring polarization in multiparty systems. A quasi-replication study
Authors: Russo Luana , Turkenburg Emma , Harteveld Eelco , Heckhausen Anna
Published: November 2023

In the last decade, affective polarization (AP) has become an increasingly salient topic in both public discourse and political science. Several different measurement instruments have been developed to empirically capture this phenomenon. With the rising interest that affective polarization is now also enjoying in Europe, it has become of the utmost importance to assess what these different measures capture, and to what extent their application travels to different contexts. In this study we test several AP measures on a student population with various European nationalities. We assess their overlap and effectiveness in mapping AP, to help future research working towards greater empirical clarity, and making informed choices on which kind of measures to include in questionnaires and data collections. The results indicate that, while different items usually produce different point estimates and sometimes different answer patterns, the measurement of affective polarization appears relatively indifferent to the choice of items.
Antibacterial activity, synthesis and characterization of a new Ag(I) and Pd(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Ghdhayeb Prof. Dr. Mohammed Z. , Mohammad Kadhum Talib
Published: November 2023

Preparation of new complexes of silver(I) and palladium(II)-NHC  using imidazolium salts were derived through methylimidazole with 2-chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl) acetamide under certain conditions of temperature and certain solvents,   to be synthesized silver complex from the reaction of substituted imidazolium salts with Ag2O using in situ deprotonation technique giving derived structures in good yield. To synthesis Pd(II)-NHC complexes were used Ag(I)-NHC complexes were used as transfer reagents using the transmetallation technique to prepare their respective. The free ligands and their complexes were characterized based on (FT-IR, Melting point, TLC, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, high-resolution mass spectra and UV). The biological activity studies show
The Theoretical Investigation by QTAIM Approach to Chemical Bonding of a Di-Rhenium Bis(Triphenylphosphine) Carbonyl Cluster Containing Sulfuric and Hydrido Bridge: [Re2(CO)6(μ-S)(μ-H)(PPh3)2]
Authors: Hassan Ahlam , Nadia Ezzat Al-kirbasee1  , Manal A. Mohammed Al-Jabery2  , Murtadha Hussein Hasan3  , Muhsen A. Muhsen Al-Ibadi4
Published: November 2023

Scientists used the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) to calculate and interpret various electron density parameters for a di-rhenium bis(triphenylphosphine) carbonyl cluster containing sulfuric and hydrido bridge: [Re2(CO)6(μ-S)(μ-H)(PPh3)2]. They analyzed the bond critical points and compared them with data from previous organometallic system studies. The researchers were able to compare the topological processes of different atom-atom interactions based on these results.

The calculations showed that there were no bond critical points or identical bond paths between Re-Re in the core of the cluster. The electron density distribution was affected by the position of bridging hydride and sulfur atoms coordinated to Re-Re, which significantly affected the bonds between these transition metal atoms. However, the calculations did confirm the presence of a 6c–8e bonding interaction delocalized over HRe2SP2 in the cluster.

The scientists found that the Re-H and Re-S bonds in this cluster exhibited typical closed-shell interactions, with small values for ρ(b) and Laplacian ∇2ρ(b) above zero and small positive values for total energy density H(b). Similarly, the bond interactions between phosphine metal atoms and the C atoms of the phenyl ring ligands showed properties similar to open-shell interactions in the QTAIM classification.
Synthesis and Characterization of New benzimidazole-nitrone Derivatives, and Study of Their Effect as Anti-bacterial.
Authors: Meaad A. Fadel  , Hanaa K. Mousa  , Dawood S. Ali
Published: November 2023

New benzimidazole derivatives (benzimidazole-nitrone) were synthesized from the condensation of o-phenylene diamine with p-amino benzaldehyde in the presence of (P-TsOH\EtOH). Then the benzimidazole compounds that containing an imine group were oxidized to obtain a nitrone group by used peracetic acid and identified by FT-IR, H1-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. All compounds applied to the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus gave a different result. The compounds which have (OH, Br, Cl, OCH3) groups appeared activity as anti-bacterial while compound (2) when R=H don’t have activity for each type of bacteria that used
Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products and other Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Leukemia
Authors: Derin A. salih1  , Kamaran Abdoulrahman2
Published: November 2023

This study's objective is to assess the Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in sera of leukemia patients and control group. In the present study we measured the concentration of serum levels of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), pyrraline, Nitric Oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) in leukemia patients and control group. This study was performed on 80 individuals, 50 children, men and women with leukemia patients (20 females and 30 males) and 30 healthy individuals (children, women and men, 12 females and 18 males) as control group who had no leukemia. The results show that the median and mean serum level of each CML, MDA and GSH are significantly, but CAT and SOD are insignificantly higher in leukemia patients than in control group (CML= 479.3 (411.1, 545.4) ng/ml (p value <0.0001), (MDA= 175.7 (160.8, 191.8) ng/ml (p value= 0.0357), (GSH= 5.772 ± 0.3615) μg/ ml (p value= 0.0194), (CAT= 6.857 (6.281, 7.425) ng/ml (p value= 0.8193) and (SOD= 1.111 (0.8918, 1.478) ng/ml (p value= 0.0891). The median serum level of Pyrraline and NO are insignificantly lower in leukemia patients compared to control group (Pyrraline= 156.9 (137.3, 179.0) pg/ml (p value = 0.8995) and (NO= 119.3 (96.66,192.6) μmol/L (p value= 0.2289). The correlation analysis demonstrates that there are significantly positive correlations between serum CML and MDA (r= 0.3487) (p value= 0.0152) and between serum pyrraline with MDA (r= 0.3838) (p value = 0.0093) and GSH (r= 0.3371) (p value= 0.0236).
TRAJETÓRIA DO CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM AOS PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS À HEMODIÁLISE: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Sousa Larissa Francielly Andrade de , Sinesio Emmily Laianny Néres de Oliveira , Nascimento Bianca Thaís Silva do , Ramos Danielle Cristina Lima , Lisboa Nadia Regina Sodré , Dutra Carla Rayane Santos , Pellin Emerson , Costa Givanilson da Silva , Silva Crislayne Thaise da
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar a trajetória do cuidado de enfermagem aos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise. Trata-se de estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência das atividades realizadas através do estágio curricular, do curso de graduação em enfermagem do Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida -ASCES/UNITA, em uma clínica nefrológica, no município de Caruaru-PE.  Os estagiários vivenciaram a trajetória da enfermagem no cuidado aos pacientes em hemodiálise. As atividades e o cuidado começa quando o paciente entra na clínica, através da monitorização dos sinais vitais, avaliação e cuidados relacionados ao cateter central ou fístula, verificação do peso seco e parâmetros da máquina de diálise, educação e orientação sobre o tratamento, suporte emocional e registro das informações. Diante desta vivência, torna-se evidente a indispensabilidade da enfermagem durante as sessões de hemodiálise, a equipe é responsável pelo acolhimento dos pacientes, monitorização contínua, prevenção de complicações e intervenções necessárias.
Вплив технологічних параметрів асиметричної прокатки на фізико-механічні властивості порошкових титанових стрічок
Authors: Gogaev Kazbek , Voropaiev Vitalii , Podrezov Yuriy , Minakov Mykola , Vdovychenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

Гогаєв К.О., Воропаєв В.С., Подрезов Ю.М., Мінаков М.В., Вдовиченко О.В.  Вплив технологічних параметрів асиметричної прокатки на фізико-механічні властивості  порошкових титанових стрічок

Для відпрацювання оптимальних технологічних режимів отримання титанових    стрічок з максимальною сирою міцністю при застосуванні схеми асиметричної прокатки. використано комплексний підхід, який передбачає дослідження впливу кількох технологічних факторів:  схеми деформування (симетрична та асиметрична прокатка), температури  прокатки, зусилля на валках та захисного середовища. Проведені дослідження показали, що використання методу асиметричної прокатки дозволяє значно підвищити механічні властивості титанових стрічок в порівнянні з симетричною прокаткою завдяки зсувній компоненті деформації, яка покращує умови контактоутворення на міжчасткових границях. Оптимальними умовами асиметричної прокатки титанових стрічок слід вважати  температури прокатки  200–400 оС та притискне зусилля ~100 кН. За цих умов стрічки демонструють найвищу сиру міцність ~ 800 МПа та динамічні характеристики, що  наближається до таких властивостей компактного титану. Після прокатки при 200 оС  стрічки мають найбільшу твердість Нμ  = 200–215 МПа. Цей показник значно  вищий, ніж у рекристалізованого титану, але суттєво поступається значенням мікротвердості, що отримані на  зразках з титану, продефомованих  методами інтенсивної деформації. Відносно низька твердість а також незмінність геометричних розмірів стрічок  після різних режимів деформування, свідчить про локальний характер  інтенсивного  зсуву  на міжчасткових границях, який посилює  процес контактоутворення. Використання захисної атмосфери  дозволяє підвищити сиру міцність та пластичність, хоча стрічки  залишились відносно  крихкими, їх  максимальна деформація до руйнування не перевищувала 1,5 %.
Експериментальне дослідження процесу правки прокату на багатороликових правильних машинах
Authors: Gribkov Eduard , Dobronosov Yuriy , Kovalenko Andrii
Published: November 2023

Грибков Е. П., Доброносов Ю. К., Коваленко А. К. Експериментальне дослідження процесу правки прокату на багатороликових правильних машинах

Правка листового прокату грає важливу роль в формуванні якісних характеристик готової продукції. На сучасних металургійних підприємствах використовуються багатороликові листоправильні машини з індивідуальним налаштуванням роликів. Цього типу машини мають гнучку систему технологічних налаштувань, що вимагає від математичної моделі процесу правки вирішення задач з автоматизованого проектування. Причому якщо для сталей загальномашинобудівного призначення раціональне значення положення роликів знаходиться в широкому діапазоні, то для високоміцних сталей це дуже вузьке поле, що вимагає від математичної моделі дуже точного результату. Найбільш точними моделями є моделі, засновані на використанні методу скінченних елементів. В роботі була розроблена скінченно-елементна модель процесу правки листів у багатороликовій машині. Для перевірки адекватності розробленої моделі були проведені експериментальні дослідження в лабораторних умовах. Лабораторна установка являла 9-роликову листоправильну машину з діаметром роликів 100 мм, розташованих з кроком 105 мм. Налаштування роликів призводили за допомогою гвинтового механізму. Дослідження проводили для 5-роликового варіанту машини. Всі ролики були приводними. Експерименти проводили для листів трьох товщин: 2.5, 3.5 та 9.0 мм. Ширина листа для товщини листа 2.5 мм склала близько 150 мм, для інших – 100 мм. Було використано по 4 листа кожної товщини. Вимірювання сили правки здійснювали за допомогою кільцевих месдоз, встановлених між натискним гвинтом та подушкою роликів. Для обробки сигналу був використаний АЦП. Порівняння експериментальних даних процесів правки листів з результатами розрахунків свідчить про їх якісний та кількісний збіг. При цьому похибка розрахунку сили правки на третьому ролику не перевищувала 16,5%. Порівняння показує достатній ступінь надійності розроблених математичних моделей і можливість їх застосування на існуючому промисловому обладнанні.
Розробка перспективних технологій і конструкцій обладнання для безвідхідного розділення прокату
Authors: Karnaukh Sergii , Chosta Natalia
Published: November 2023

Карнаух С. Г., Чоста Н. В. Розробка перспективних технологій і конструкцій обладнання для безвідхідного розділення прокату

Метою даної роботи є розробка перспективних технологій і конструкцій обладнання для розділення сортового прокату на мірні заготовки. На підставі аналізу розробленого класифікатора безвідхідних способів поділу сортового прокату на мірні заготовки розроблено програмне забезпечення для вирішення задачі синтезу комбінованих методів обробки заготовок. З використанням засобів комбінаторики проведено пошук варіантів реалізації безвідхідних способів поділу сортового прокату за основними ознаками. На підставі отриманих результатів розроблено технологію для безвідхідного розділення сортового прокату і перспективні конструкції обладнання для розділення сортового прокату на мірні заготовки. Сутність запропонованих технологічних і конструктивних рішень полягає в тому, що енергія пружної деформації станини і привода обладнання, яка накопичується і миттєво вивільнюється в обладнанні для реалізації розділових операцій, використовується для здійснення корисної роботи – нанесення концентратора напружень. Концентратор напружень може бути нанесений, як за рахунок впровадження в прокат клинового ножа і нанесення концентратора трикутної форми, так і часткового зсуву заготовки відносно штанги. При нанесенні концентратора напружень в площині розділення виникають та розвиваються субмікро- і мікротріщини, які накопичуються, що зумовлює напрямок майбутньої макротріщини. При цьому в обсязі металу, що примикає до площини руйнування, розвивається зміцнення, що супроводжується зміною механічних характеристик макро- і мікроструктури металу. Підвищується тимчасовий опір, межа текучості, знижуються характеристики пластичності. Зароджується макротріщина на лінії, що з'єднує западини надрізів, які виникають при зсуві заготовки відносно прокату. Макротріщина може мати гранично великі розміри, що відповідає оптимальним вимогам, які висуваються до процесу холодної ломки згином. При цьому вздовж всієї траси руху наведеної тріщини створюються додаткові напруження стиску, які орієнтовані уздовж необхідного напрямку розкрою, що забезпечує стабілізацію траєкторії тріщини. Застосування запропонованих розробок дозволяє отримувати заготовки високої якості, підвищити продуктивність процесу поділу трубчастих заготовок, розширити технологічні можливості обладнання, підвищити надійність роботи обладнання, підвищити культуру виробництва.
Role of Household’s Tree Population, Socio-economic and Behavioural Determinants on Carbon Footprint Mitigation and Carbon Credit Balance in East Ugenya Ward, Kenya
Authors: Oduor David Ochieng , Opeyo Peter Otieno , Oduor Dorice Anyango
Published: November 2023

Scope 1 harmful emissions are directly linked to high levels of industrialization; Scope 2 and 3 carbon footprints are locally oriented and indirectly associated with household activities and behavioural alignment. East Ugenya Ward is perceived as the leader in firewood consumption, with the socioeconomically marginalized population in Siaya County resorting to this mode of fuel usage. Conversely, how the mentioned factors relate to both carbon footprints and credits is concluded with no concrete local and global resolution. The effort to reverse households’ carbon emissions through green energy campaigns has proved less operative due to little understanding of carbon-related working concepts and socio-economic hardships. This study analyses the role of household Tree population. It assesses the role of socio-economic and behavioural determinants in relation to carbon footprints and potential credits that can arise through sound environmental management within local community initiatives. Three hundred eighty-four household heads were interrogated. A descriptive cross-sectional research design and simple random sampling were found to be functional. Databases were Questionnaires, field research, measurement, photography, Focused Group Discussions, observation, key informants, and enumeration. Carbon Footprint Calculator (C.F.C.) and (V.C.S.)-Verra were used to assess the household’s emissions and potential credits. The spatial scale for tree population count was 20 m x 20 m quadrat. The tree-based biomass was translated using a conventional carbon sink conversion (Tons of Co2 Equivalent- tCo2eq). Data analysis involved the use of SPSS. The potential net carbon offset was (M = 0.334, SD = 0.006) tCo2eq per household. The Multinomial Logistic Regression model X2 (8, N= 384) = 24.69, Nagelkerke R2=.56, p <. 001, Strongly proved that the belief that Carbon Credit is profitable had a significant statistical association with Carbon Footprint Mitigation. The multiple linear coefficients of determination proved that 67.6%, F (381) = 69.51, p = .031, R2 = .676      of change in Carbon Footprints and 72.1%, F (381) = 72.58, p = .026, R2 =.721 of the variation in Net Carbon Credits, was attributable to combined variation in Tree population, Mean household age, and mean average monthly income. Both the Carbon Footprint and Carbon credit are affected. Therefore, local sensitization is needed to achieve knowledge and understanding of favourable emission budgets and profitable carbon trade
Prohibition of Concurrent Position of Commissioner of State-Owned Enterprises Reviewed Under Indonesian Business Competition Law
Authors: Geodewa Darcyando
Published: November 2023

One of the assessments of the dominant position of a business actor can be conducted based on the affiliation relationship of the business actor with other business actors, where the affiliation relationship regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 Year 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition is concurrent positions and cross-shareholdings. Concurrent positions are prohibited when a person holds positions as directors or board of commissioners in two or more companies at the same time, where the companies are in the same relevant market, have close links in the type and/or field of business, or together can control the market share of certain services and/or goods. Legal issues regarding the concurrent position of members of the board of commissioners of BUMN arose during the enactment of Permen-BUMN PER-10/MBU/10/2020, which allows members of the board of commissioners of BUMN to hold concurrent positions under certain conditions. This is normative legal research that examines the prohibition of concurrent positions of BUMN commissioners in terms of business competition law in Indonesia.
Monopoly Practice of PT. Carrefour Indonesia After Acquiring The Shares of PT. Alfa Retailindo
Authors: Kabul Kuirinus , Haryanto Hendra , Kusumadewi Yessy
Published: November 2023

The study of The Decision of KPPU Number 09/KPPU-L/2009 to obtain an overview of the reasons for the KPPU to decide that Carrefour has committed monopolistic practices and the legal impact of the decision. By using the juridical research method, that is examining the KPPU’s decision to obtain data on the KPPU’s reasons for stating that PT. Carrefour Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as Carrefour) has committed monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. Where after the acquisition of PT. Alfa Retailindo shares, Carrefour managed to control the market by 57.999% and to achieve this position, Carrefour implemented various market entry barriers. Other business actors cannot enter the relevant market. Such barriers may include the imposition of different entry fees from one company to another. Because Carrefour was found guilty, the KPPU ordered that Carrefour must return Alfa’s shares. The problem is that Law Number 5 Year 1999 does not have provisions governing the mechanism for returning the shares. Thus, KPPU should amend Law Number 5 Year 1999 specifically related to the mechanism for returning shares resulting from acquisitions.
Çok Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Prematüre Bebeklerde Erken Dönemde Mortaliteyi Öngörmede Tam Kan Sayımı Parametrelerinin Rolü
Authors: KÖSE ÇETİNKAYA Aslıhan , AKIN Mustafa Şenol , SARI Fatma Nur , ALYAMAC DİZDAR Evrim
Published: November 2023

Amaç:

Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı (ÇDDA) prematüre bebeklerde sağkalımı öngörmek ve prognozu belirlemek çok önemlidir. Bu bebeklerde kısa ve uzun dönem morbiditeleri, mortaliteyi öngörmede ceşitli belirteçler araştırılmıştır, ancak bunların çoğunun klinik uygulamalarda kullanımı kısıtlıdır ya da öngörü değeri düşüktür. Bu çalışmada ÇDDA bebeklerde erken dönemdeki mortaliteyi öngören tam kan sayımı parametrelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereçler ve Yöntem:

Eylül 2019-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde doğan, gebelik yaşı 23+0/7 ile 31+6/7 hafta arasındaki prematüre bebekler retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik, klinik özellikleri ve laboratuvar sonuçları kaydedildi. Yaşamın ilk üç günü içinde kaybedilen bebeklerde mortaliteyi öngören faktörler araştırıldı.

Bulgular:

Çalışmaya dahil edilen 356 ÇDDA bebeğin 57’si (%16) ilk üç gün içerisinde kaybedildi. Ölen hastaların gebelik haftası, doğum ağırlığı ve APGAR skorları anlamlı olarak düşük, surfaktan gereksinimi ve patent duktus arteriozus oranı anlamlı olarak olarak yüksek idi. Bu hastaların yatışta alınan hemogram tetkikinde çekirdekli kırmızı kan hücre (ÇKKH) sayısı ve delta nötrofil indeksi (DNI) anlamlı olarak yüksek, nötrofil, monosit ve trombosit sayısı anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Büyük boyanmamış hücre (LUC) yüzdesi ilk üç günde ölen hastalarda daha yüksek olmasına rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. ROC analizi sonucuna göre ÇKKH için eğri altında kalan alan (AUC) 0,673 olarak saptandı. Mortaliteyi öngörmede eşik değer 1,73 (x103/mm3) olarak bulundu. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde surfaktan gereksinimi, düşük doğum haftası, doğum salonunda canlandırma ihtiyacı ve ÇKKH>1,73 (x103/mm3) mortalite için bağımsız risk faktörleri olarak belirlendi.

Sonuç:

Bu çalışmada düşük maliyetli, kolay ulaşılabilen tam kan sayımı parametreleri ile ÇDDA bebeklerde mortalitenin tahmin edilebileceği belirlendi. Yaşamın ilk saatlerindeki yüksek ÇKKH sayısı, erken dönemdeki mortalite için bir risk faktörü olabilir.
Electro-Hydraulic Composite Braking Control Optimization for Front-Wheel-Driven Electric Vehicles Equipped with Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Braking System
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Xiong Lu , Zhuo Guirong , Shu Qiang , Zhao Xuanbai
Published: November 2023

With the development of brake-by-wire technology, electro-hydraulic composite braking technology came into being. This technology distributes the total braking force demand into motor regenerative braking force and hydraulic braking force, and can achieve a high energy recovery rate. The existing composite braking control belongs to single-channel control, i.e., the four wheel braking pressures are always the same, so the hydraulic braking force distribution relationship of the front and rear wheels does not change. For single-axle-driven electric vehicles, the additional regenerative braking force on the driven wheels will destroy the original braking force distribution relationship, resulting in reduced braking efficiency of the driven wheels, which are much easier to lock under poor road adhesion conditions. The integrated Electro-Hydraulic Braking system (iEHB) is the current advanced brake-by-wire system, which can build brake hydraulic pressure by its motor, and independently adjusts the four wheel braking pressures through the solenoid valves. Based on the characteristics of the iEHB, a composite braking control strategy for front-wheel-driven electric vehicles is proposed, which adjusts the braking force distribution relationship dynamically. Firstly, the structure of the iEHB system and the wheel braking pressure control principle are analyzed. Secondly, a composite braking control strategy that adjusts the braking force distribution relationship based on current regenerative braking force and wheel braking pressures is designed. Finally, simulations are carried out with the proposed control strategy and the single-channel composite braking control strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed composite braking control strategy can improve the braking efficiency of the driven wheels and improve the energy recovery rate.
Gripper to Defend Bolts in Magnetic Track Brake System
Authors: K Manjunath , Mishra Nirmalya , Kumar Sandeep , Montua Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Carbide-tipped gripper dowel secures the bolted joints and plays a significant role in the safety and reliability of the magnetic track brake system. With mainline trains speeds over 250 km/hr the magnetic track brake is automatically activated in case of the emergency brake. As the train passes over switches, crossings, and narrow curves with track distortion, it creates an exceptional lateral and longitudinal force on the bolted joints. The introduction of a gripper between several bolts reduces the shear force of the bolt to a large extent. This solution has the added benefit of facilitating maintenance. The paper presents the application of the gripper in the magnetic track brake and the validation of the gripper using analytical and experimental tests. This study may be applied to a wide range of bolted joints. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of gripper and maximize the durability of the bolt to prevent bolt joint failures. The results indicate a higher shear force on the gripper. The study shows that the bolt safety factor has improved by 2.7 times in the magnetic track brake system.
Optimization of Drum Brake System in HCVs Using Two-Way Coupled CFD Approach
Authors: Chaudhary Alok Subhash , Ghodake Preetam
Published: November 2023

The brake systems are given top priority by automotive OEMs in the development of medium and heavy commercial trucks and buses, which can carry increased loads. When trucks and buses are travelling at high speeds or crossing downhill, during braking operations, the friction faces (brake drum and liner) experience a significant rise in temperature due to the conversion of kinetic energy into heat energy within seconds. This lowers the friction coefficient at the interface, resulting in distortions, thermal cracks, hub grease burning, and overheating. Drum brake system designs must be improved and optimized to dissipate more heat from the brake drum assembly and prevent brake failure. Nowadays advance transient numerical simulations assist in the design, development and optimization of the brake system to visualize 3D flow physics and temperature variations throughout the brake duty cycles.

In the current study, different Cases of drum brakes to improve cooling efficiency are evaluated. Modifications are done by the addition of different fin shapes on drum brake and deflector on rear axle. These Cases are assessed for continuous braking cycles followed by extended cooling. Lattice Boltzmann-based solver EXA PowerFLOW is used to carry out simulations by demonstrating a fully integrated two-way coupling approach. This coupling helped in simulating larger duration of duty cycles for heavy commercial vehicles. In this coupling approach, flow simulations (PowerFLOW) are carried out to predict HTCs and other flow parameters for different vehicle speeds. These parameters are imported into a standard thermal solver (PowerTHERM), where different brake duty cycles are run by solving radiation and conduction in detail. All brake drum parts are meshed as solids and the actual rotation of the wheel and drum brake is considered to capture all modes of heat transfer in detail.

To evaluate the fins and deflector’s effect on cooling efficiency, numerous simulations are carried out. Different parameters like heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), flow rate via the ventilation slot, peak temperature attained during the duty cycles and cooling performance in an extended cooling cycle are used to compare these Cases. It has been found that brake drum with aerodynamically (curved angle) designed fins on drum surface shows relatively better results in terms of all the parameters mentioned above.
Brake Emission Testing Process – Assuring Repeatability and Reproducibility of Emission Measurement Results
Authors: Weidinger Christoph , Martikainen Sampsa , Wanek-Ruediger Christian , Huber Michael , Rainer Andreas
Published: November 2023

Non-exhaust emissions are clearly one of the focal points for the upcoming Euro 7 legislation. The new United Nations Global Technical Regulation (UN GTR) defining the framework for brake emission measurements is about to be officially published. The first amendment to this text is already on the way through the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) hierarchy for decision making. In real life, the final emission factor as the ultimate result of a test is influenced by inaccuracies of numerous parts of the measurement system as well as additional contributing factors like the performance of the particulate filter handling process, which might not be primarily related to equipment specifications. The regulation’s definitions set the basic requirements for testing, whilst establishing a robust and efficient testing process requires a thorough assessment of the influencing factors on the measurement quality, which in turn can be described using e.g., repeatability and reproducibility. This study shows these influences of the system’s inherent sources of imperfection on result quality, based on theoretical relations, simulations, measurement results and experience gathered during productive brake emission testing. Essential process performance indicators are derived to allow suitably low uncertainty of results for homologation and development purposes. Based on this, it might make sense for testing organizations to tighten their internal technical specifications for specific topics beyond current regulation’s requirements to allow efficient testbed operation and deliver superior data quality. Considering lower absolute emission levels in the future, understanding these influencing factors will get even more important.
A Study on Development of Brake System Using 1-D Simulation
Authors: Yoo Ji Ho , Lee Sang Mok , Park Si Woo , PI Jae Hoon , Koo Changhoe , Choi Byeung Jin , Yeo Hoon
Published: November 2023

The development trend of new vehicles is to shorten the development period, diversify the models, and produce small amounts compared to the past. The current development process of braking systems is difficult to meet recent development trends, and it is more difficult to shorten the development period in the verification process that requires actual products. In this paper, we developed a 1-D Simulation of AMESim, MATLAB/Simulink Co-Simulation model of Hyundai Mobis iMEB(Integrated Mobis Electronic Brake) system for eco-friendly vehicles. If hydraulic braking is applied more than the tire grip force during braking, tire slip occurs, and if the rear wheel is locked before the front wheel, stability is lost, so it is advantageous to decide design parameter of brake system to make the front wheel first locked in consideration of design parameters of each vehicle. The HW of iMEB was modeled using AMESim, and the MATLAB/Simulink was used to model iMEB controllers (drive motors, valves), 3 degree of freedom vehicle models, vehicle drive motors, iMEB drive motors, batteries, and Pacejka Magic Formula-based tires. To determine iMEB valve design parameters for each vehicle, the Rise Rate Factor of the front/rear wheels was defined, and the RF ratio, the front/rear wheel ratio of this value, was proposed to be selected between 1.1 and 1.4, and verified using the developed simulator. The driver's panic braking situation was compared with simulation and test data of the actual vehicle. The RF ratio value of the verified mass-production vehicle-iMEB model is 1.1285. ABS control is not performed to check the timing of wheel locking due to hydraulic braking, and locking occurred at 243 msec for front wheels and 326 msec for rear wheels. Through this study, it is expected that virtual brakes will be developed, and development costs and periods will be reduced.
Influence of Iron and Manganese on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Recycled EN AC-43200 Aluminium-Silicon Alloy
Authors: Pavesi Arianna , Casari Daniele , Mancini Alessandro , Bonfanti Andrea , Barella Silvia , D'Errico Fabrizio , Bertasi Federico
Published: November 2023

The work investigates the effect of different Iron and Manganese contents in ad-hoc cast specimens made from recycled EN AC-43200 alloy. Tensile tests and metallographic analyses coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements are carried out to elucidate the interplay between the microstructure and the quasi-static properties of the Aluminium-Silicon alloy under investigation. A strong correlation between the composition and morphology of Fe/Mn -based intermetallic precipitates and tensile properties is demonstrated. Moreover, it is found that specific intermetallic phases are present only for certain, relative and/or absolute contents of Fe and Mn.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization for Automotive Wheel Bearings Considering Geometric Uncertainty
Authors: Lee Seungpyo
Published: November 2023

Automotive wheel bearings have the primary function of translating the rotating motion of the wheels into linear vehicle motion while supporting the vehicle weight. As vehicle lives continue to increase, there is a need for longer service lives than those of existing products. There is an even greater need for performance-related reliability during usage. Lateral stiffness, one of the main parameters of wheel bearing design, has a significant influence on ride comfort and steering feel. In this study, reliability-based weight optimization considering geometric uncertainty for automotive wheel bearings was investigated. Deterministic design optimization (DDO) and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) were performed. For optimization, the following three key relationships were chosen: wheel bearing specification and geometry for design variables, weight for cost function, and stiffness for constraint. A Monte Carlo simulation considering the probability distribution of the geometric uncertainties was performed to identify the effect of variations in dimensions. Since Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the stiffness of the bearings takes a very high computational cost, a regression analysis was performed, followed by running Monte Carlo simulation based on this regression. Based on the simulation results, the design variations for the automotive wheel bearings were evaluated using the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the DDO and RBDO reduced weight by about 36% and 17% respectively, compared with their initial weight.
Engineering Properties of Drum Brake Friction Materials
Authors: Yuhas Donald , Vorres Carol , Oleksak Loretta , Divakaruni Saikiran , Subramanian Vijay
Published: November 2023

The rising popularity of EVs has led to a resurgence of interest in drum brakes. Drum brakes benefit from less complex mechanical design, have no residual brake drag, and the enclosed design is less susceptible to corrosion and debris emission. For the commercial EVs, the elimination of engine noise makes brake noise a major contributor to vehicle noise. With the renewed interest in drum brakes, there is an increased need for property data for NVH simulations to optimize noise performance. Similar to disc brakes, the modeling of drum brake performance requires a complete set of friction material engineering properties determined over the pre-loads and temperatures encountered in brake applications. Results are presented for eight different drum brake formulations and platforms. The measurement approach and data analysis parallels that used for the elastic property measurements of disc pad friction materials, SAE J2725. A complete set of elastic properties and engineer properties are measured on several formulations over the temperature range from 20°C to 325°C and pre-loads from 5 bar to 30 bar. These drum brake friction material elastic properties are compared with those typically encountered in disc pads. The sample preparation techniques, data collection methods, and analysis procedures used to mitigate the influence of drum brake curvature will be described.
Faces da militância das mulheres no anarquismo:
Authors: Ladeira Ingrid
Published: November 2023

A militância das mulheres no anarquismo se deu em várias frentes, apropriando-se do programa libertário com o objetivo de contemplar as múltiplas questões que envolviam a escravização da mulher, sua organização enquanto grupo e suas iniciativas. A imprensa teve papel central na cultura libertária que se formou no espaço rio-platense, exercendo a função de denúncia dos aprisionamentos da mulher e de formadora de novas anarquistas. Este artigo volta-se para problematizar a atuação das mulheres na imprensa como uma das expressões de sua militância, tomando como fontes centrais os jornais que circularam em Montevidéu, entre 1897 e 1910. Em um primeiro momento, a análise proposta privilegia artigos de mulheres ou sobre mulheres que apresentam diferentes perspectivas sobre questões de gênero. Em seguida, a reflexão foca na experiência das mulheres anarquistas como editoras de periódicos. Em última instância, pretende-se abordar como algumas ideias foram discutidas por ambos os gêneros no âmbito da imprensa operária e anarquista.
Diarios de Motocicleta
Authors: Ibáñez Bonillo Pablo , Cuño Bonito Justo
Published: November 2023

“Arrancando una motocicleta”. En el año 2011 arrancaba la motocicleta de Americanía de la mano de unos jóvenes investigadores del área de Historia de América de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Antonio Ramos Ramírez, José Joaquín Gallego Jiménez, Rocío Delibes Mateos y José Luis Belmonte Postigo). Americanía nacía como una puerta abierta al intercambio de trabajos de historia latinoamericana. Una revista sin línea editorial. Con los hombres y las mujeres latinoamericanas como su objeto de estudio, tal y como comentaba Juan Marchena Fernández en el primer número. Una motocicleta que, en palabras de Juan, nos habría de llevar “por los caminos de la historia del continente americano:  carreteras, cuestas, barrancas, rutas, pistas, asfaltadas, apisadas, aserruchadas...”
Implementasi Mandat Rasul Paulus di Kitab Galatia 3:1-14 Pada Tindakan Diakonia dan Nilai Kontribusinya bagi Umat Gereja-Gereja di Masa Pandemi Covid–19
Authors: Nababan Elfrida
Published: November 2023

Abstract:This study aims to find out how the implications of justification by faith based on the letter Galatians 3:1-14 on the Acts of Diakonia and the Value of their Contributions to the People of the Churches during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research is a theological study using the method of critical exegesis or interpretation of the text of the Bible. The research method used is a qualitative research method with an exegesis approach. Based on the results of exegesis, Paul asserted that faith is belief in Jesus Christ. Humans get justification or salvation from God because of God's mercy and God's grace to humans through Jesus Christ. Faith in Christ the True Gospel will enable man to gain God's salvation or justification. So that people who have faith get blessings from God.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a very large positive impact in the church's Diakonia service to the congregation so that it has made growth in quantity and quality to date. Which is rooted in the Diakonia ministry which is carried out with household visits to sick congregations, grieving congregations and congregations who have problems in their families. The implication is that if church services, especially Diakonia, are carried out properly, they will produce good quality, quantity and organic congregations. And the church will have a congregation that fears God and is obedient to God's Word.Keywords: apostle paul's mandate, diakonia's actions, contribution to the peopleAbstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implikasi pembenaran oleh iman berdasarkan surat Galatia 3:1-14 pada Tindakan Diakonia dan Nilai Kontribusinya Bagi Umat Gereja-gereja dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi teologis dengan menggunakan metode critical exegesis atau penafsiran teks Kitab Suci. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksegesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat dampak positif yang begitu besar dalam pelayanan Diakonia gereja kepada jemaat sehingga membuat pertumbuhan secara kuantitas dan kualitas sampai saat ini. Yang berakar dari pelayanan Diakonia yang dilakukan dengan kunjungan rumah tangga terhadap jemaat yang sakit, jemaat yang berduka dan jemaat yang memiliki masalah-masalah dalam keluarga. Implikasinya, jika pelayanan gereja khususnya Diakonia dilaksanakan dengan baik akan menghasilkan jemaat secara kualitas, kuantitas dan organic yang baik. Dan gereja akan memiliki jemaat yang takut akan Allah dan patuh terhadap Firman Allah.Kata kunci: mandat rasul paulus, tindakan diakonia, kontribusi bagi umat