bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propriedades psicométricas da Satisfaction with Life Scale em adultos jovens brasileiros
Authors: Silva Bianca Nubia Souza , Campos Lucas Arrais de , Silva Wanderson Roberto da , Marôco João , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini
Published: May 2021

A Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) foi proposta originalmente na língua inglesa para medir a percepção geral do indivíduo em relação à vida. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da SWLS quando aplicada a indivíduos adultos jovens e estimar a influência de características demográficas na satisfação com a vida. É uma amostra não probabilística de indivíduos adultos jovens (18 a 35 anos) de ambos os sexos de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Avaliou-se o ajustamento da SWLS aos dados por análise confirmatória, utilizou-se os índices: índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI, em inglês), índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI, em inglês) e raiz quadrada média residual padronizada (SRMR, em inglês). A confiabilidade foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa ordinal e ômega. A invariância fatorial foi estimada por análise multigrupos, usando-se a estatística teste da diferença de CFI (ΔCFI). A comparação dos escores médios de satisfação com a vida segundo o sexo, a idade, o estrato econômico e o exercício de atividade laboral foi realizada por análise de variância (ANOVA). Participaram 2.170 indivíduos (feminino: 67,8%; idade: 22,09 anos). O ajustamento do modelo às diferentes amostras foi adequado (CFI = 0,981-0,998; TLI = 0,962-0,996; SRMR = 0,026-0,040; ômega = 0,842-0,869; alfa = 0,862-0,889). Observou-se invariância estrita para as variáveis avaliadas. Os dados obtidos com a SWLS foram válidos, confiáveis e invariante entre as amostras de diferentes sexo, idade, estrato econômico e exercício de atividade laboral. A satisfação com a vida foi maior entre os indivíduos de estrato econômico mais elevado, não diferindo segundo sexo, idade e exercício de atividade laboral.
Propriedades psicométricas do Internet Addiction Test em estudantes de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Brito Alexandre Botelho , Pinho Lucinéia de , Brito Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo , Messias Romerson Brito , Brito Kewla Dias Pires , Rodrigues Carolina Amaral Oliveira , Reis Vivianne Margareth Chaves Pereira , Silveira Marise Fagundes
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão traduzida para o português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT) em estudantes. Estudo metodológico, cuja população foi constituída por estudantes dos ensinos Médio e Superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas sensibilidade psicométrica, validade de construto (fatorial, convergente, discriminante e teste de hipótese), validade de critério (concorrente) e confiabilidade (consistência interna e reprodutibilidade). Participaram 2.519 estudantes, sendo 29,6% do Ensino Médio. Foi ajustado um modelo de medida trifatorial - “preocupação emocional e cognitiva com a Internet”, “problemas de gerenciamento de tempo” e “problemas de desempenho” -, o qual obteve índices satisfatórios de adequação e estrutura estável nas subamostras independentes. A validade convergente foi próxima ao recomendado (variância extraída média = 0,32, 0,41 e 0,45 e valores de confiabilidade composta iguais 0,84, 0,81 e 0,71); as validades discriminante e concorrente foram adequadas. Foram igualmente adequadas a consistência interna (alfa = 0,906) e a reprodutibilidade (kappa = 0,73 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,90). A versão traduzida para o português do IAT apresentou níveis satisfatórios de validade, confiabilidade e estabilidade em amostras independentes de estudantes.
Tendências e desigualdades na insegurança alimentar durante a pandemia de COVID-19: resultados de quatro inquéritos epidemiológicos seriados
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza dos , Schäfer Antônio Augusto , Meller Fernanda de Oliveira , Harter Jenifer , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Silva Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da , Pellegrini Debora da Cruz Payão
Published: May 2021

O objetivo foi analisar tendências e desigualdades na prevalência de insegurança alimentar na pandemia de COVID-19, de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos e com medidas de distanciamento social. Dados de quatro inquéritos epidemiológicos seriados sobre a COVID-19 desenvolvidos entre maio e junho de 2020, com adultos e idosos residentes na cidade de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Insegurança alimentar foi avaliada por meio da versão curta da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), com o período recordatório adaptado ao início das medidas de distanciamento social no município. As características sociodemográficas e a adoção de medidas de distanciamento social foram analisadas, e suas associações com a insegurança alimentar foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste de qui-quadrado. A tendência temporal da insegurança alimentar de acordo com tais características foi avaliada usando-se regressão linear. As desigualdades na insegurança alimentar foram avaliadas utilizando-se o índice angular de desigualdade e o índice de concentração. Dos 1.550 indivíduos estudados, 29,4% (IC95%: 25,0; 34,4) apresentaram insegurança alimentar. A análise de desigualdade mostrou maior concentração da insegurança alimentar entre os mais jovens, os menos escolarizados e os que residiam em domicílios com cinco moradores ou mais. Ao longo dos quatro inquéritos, a prevalência de insegurança alimentar reduziu mais acentuadamente entre os mais jovens, naqueles que residiam em domicílios com até dois moradores e com dois ou mais trabalhadores. Evidenciou-se forte associação da insegurança alimentar com os aspectos sociodemográficos dos entrevistados, o que pode indicar o potencial impacto econômico da pandemia na situação alimentar dos domicílios.
Excesso de mortes por causas respiratórias em oito metrópoles brasileiras durante os seis primeiros meses da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Marrero Lihsieh , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: May 2021

Resumo: No Brasil, um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19, dados de mortalidade não refletem a real cifra de óbitos pela doença. O objetivo deste estudo é estimar o excesso de mortes por causas respiratórias e suas trajetórias durante os seis primeiros meses da epidemia de COVID-19, em adultos com 20 anos e mais de oito metrópoles regionais do Brasil. Estudo ecológico em que mortes por causas respiratórias (influenza, pneumonias, bronquites, outras doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas, insuficiência respiratória aguda ou crônica, insuficiência respiratória ou transtorno respiratório não especificado e outras mortes codificadas com sintomas respiratórios) foram extraídas do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Óbitos esperados foram estimados com modelos aditivos generalizados quasipoisson. Entre 23 de fevereiro e 8 de agosto de 2020, foram registradas 46.028 mortes por causas respiratórias nas 8 cidades e excesso de 312% (IC95%: 304-321). Manaus (Amazonas), apresentou o maior excedente, 758% (IC95%: 668-858) e São Paulo o menor, 174% (IC95%: 164-183). Foi detectado precoce excesso nas Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 9-12 em Belém (Pará), Fortaleza (Ceará) e São Paulo. Em geral, o excesso de mortes, em termos relativos, foi maior dos 40-59 anos e em homens. A mortalidade excedente foi regionalmente heterogênea, com 2.463% (IC95%: 1.881-3.281) nas SE 17-20 em Manaus (Região Norte) e 808% (IC95%: 612-1.059) nas SE 28-32 em Curitiba (Paraná, Região Sul). O elevado e heterogêneo percentual de mortes respiratórias excedentes sugere alta subnotificação de óbitos por COVID-19, reforça as desigualdades regionais e a necessidade de revisão das mortes associadas a sintomas respiratórios.
O PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA: UM CONTEXTO FAVORÁVEL AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CAPACIDADE DE REFLEXÃO?
Authors: PINHEIRO MARIA GRACILENE DE CARVALHO , CARVALHO DIEGO FOGAÇA , DIAS FÁTIMA APARECIDA DA SILVA
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: O estudo descrito neste texto é um recorte de uma pesquisa de Pós-doutorado em Metodologias para o Ensino de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias, que tem como objetivo produzir conhecimentos - referenciais acerca do desenvolvimento profissional de futuros professores no contexto do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Do referido Programa participam professores universitários, coordenadores dos projetos na universidade em que o PIBID é institucionalizado, professores em formação, estudantes de graduação e professores supervisores de escolas públicas da Educação Básica. Com base nos referenciais que fundamentam as pesquisas, desenvolvidos pelos autores deste estudo, assume-se como desenvolvimento profissional docente o processo por meio do qual o professor desenvolve, entre outras competências, os conhecimentos ou saberes para o ensino e a capacidade para refletir na e sobre a prática. Neste texto, tem-se a finalidade de discutir se o PIBID configura-se contexto favorável ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de reflexão do futuro professor, neste caso, estudante de Pedagogia. Para tanto, foram analisadas informações relativas às experiências vivenciadas por uma integrante no âmbito do Programa. Em termos de resultados, evidenciou-se, com base nas informações levantadas, analisadas e discutidas, que o PIBID, da forma como foi institucionalizado, trouxe implicações favoráveis ao processo de desenvolvimento da capacidade de reflexão pessoal e profissonal da professora, configurando-se contexto de desenvolvimento profissional. Ressalta-se, nesse processo, o papel central dos coordenadores, visto que eles são diretamente responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento profissional do professor em formação, em todas as suas vertentes, e no que diz respeito à qualidade da reflexão por ele desenvolvida.
ENSINANDO ÉTICA
Authors: NUNES-NETO NEI , CONRADO DÁLIA MELISSA
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Tomando como um contexto relevante os graves problemas socioambientais enfrentados atualmente pela humanidade (por exemplo, pandemias ou mudanças climáticas) e a necessidade de aprimorar a formação de sujeitos capazes de lidar com essas situações, este texto está dedicado ao ensino explícito de ética. Neste sentido, visando contribuir para uma transposição didática de conteúdos relativos à ética, temos como objetivo apresentar uma matriz de referência de conceitos e esquemas articulados, em Filosofia moral, sobretudo, mas não exclusivamente, para a educação em ciências. Para isso, ofereceremos como principais contribuições: (1) uma concepção geral de ética, e uma distinção moderada entre ética, como domínio do contingente, de um lado, e natureza, como domínio do necessário, de outro; (2) uma análise do conceito de valor em dois eixos: um focado sobre o valor da ação (com as categorias: deontologia, utilitarismo e ética das virtudes), e outro dedicado ao valor dos seres (com categorias de consideração moral ou ontologia moral: individualismo, antropocentrismo seletivo, antropocentrismo, senciocentrismo, biocentrismo, ecocentrismo e socio-ecocentrismo); e, por fim, (3) recomendações para o ensino de ética, com ênfase sobre o fomento ao cultivo de virtudes para a ampliação da consideração moral, uma tendência que é consistente com o projeto de uma educação para a formação de agentes virtuosos, algo que está demandado pelos graves problemas socioambientais do nosso tempo. Desse modo, esperamos que educadores e pesquisadores possam discutir e aplicar essas contribuições em seu cotidiano profissional.
REPERTÓRIO DE AÇÕES E CONFERÊNCIAS EDUCACIONAIS: INTELECTUAIS E PROJETOS EM DISPUTA PELA MODERNIDADE EDUCACIONAL (BRASIL, ANOS DE 1920)
Authors: HOELLER SOLANGE APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA , DAROS MARIA DAS DORES
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Este texto constitui uma abordagem na área da História da Educação, tendo como fio condutor a história intelectual e cultural, procurando compreender cinco conferências educacionais ocorridas no Brasil nos anos de 1920: Conferência Interestadual do Ensino Primário (Rio de Janeiro, 1921); Congresso de Ensino Primário e Normal (Paraná, 1926); Primeiro Congresso de Instrução Primária (Minas Gerais, 1927); Primeira Conferência Estadual do Ensino Primário (Santa Catarina, 1927); Primeira Conferência Nacional de Educação, promovida por intermédio da ABE (Curitiba, 1927). A proposta considera as conferências educacionais como integrantes de um repertório compartilhado por seis intelectuais: Orestes de Oliveira Guimarães, Antonio de Sampaio Dória, Lysimaco Ferreira da Costa, Antonio de Arruda Carneiro Leão, Francisco Luís da Silva Campos e Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho, compreendidos como representantes de projetos em disputa pela modernidade educacional, com destaque para a expansão, gratuidade e obrigatoriedade do ensino primário. Apresenta-se a seguinte questão-problema: como pensar as conferências educacionais como integrantes de um repertório que mobilizou sujeitos - intelectuais - em defesa e disputa de concepções e projetos, no intento de estabelecer em que sentidos e significados a modernidade educacional deveria estar assentada no Brasil dos anos de 1920? O percurso teórico-metodológico e as análises realizadas circundam os conceitos de moderno/modernidade, repertório, intelectuais e representação. Atingir a modernidade educacional, em relação ao Brasil, no período indicado, exigiu articulações e ações que, em tese, garantiriam o pretendido, dentre elas estavam os aspectos da expansão, gratuidade e obrigatoriedade do ensino primário.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis M.) is affected by ultrasonic power and temperature
Authors: Madalão Marina Carvalho Martins , Lima Emília Maria França , Benincá Daiane Bonizioli , Saraiva Sérgio Henriques , Carvalho Raquel Vieira de , Silva Pollyanna Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds from fruits and vegetables can be extracted using emerging technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature and ultrasonic power on the extraction of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds from the extracts of juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis M.). We also determined the antioxidant capacity of the extract and determined characteristics of the pulp. Bioactive compounds were extracted in an ultrasonic bath (25 kHz) at various temperatures (25, 32, 39, 46, 53 °C) and ultrasonic power (0, 360, 900 W). Juçara pulp had high total anthocyanin and phenolic content (298.86 ±27.68 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g and 1226.39 ±21.08 mg GAE/100 g on a wet basis, respectively). Cyanidin-3-rutinoside was the major anthocyanin in the extract, followed by cyanidin-3-glucoside, which were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. For obtaining extracts rich in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, we suggest that the extraction process should be performed at 25 °C without the application of ultrasonic waves. However, to obtain extracts with outstanding antioxidant capacity, an ultrasonic power of 360 W at a frequency of 25 kHz and a temperature of 25 °C should be used.
Reduction of sediment yield by riparian vegetation recovery at distinct levels of soil erosion in a tropical watershed
Authors: Martins Wander Araújo , Martins Letícia Lopes , Maria Isabella Clerici De , Moraes Jener Fernando Leite de , Pedro Júnior Mário José
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation plays an important role in sediment retention, thus reduces sediment yield in watersheds. The Brazilian Forest Law (Law 12,651/2012) requires maintenance of fixed-width buffers of riparian vegetation but allows the continuity of agriculture, livestock, and forestry farming activities in some parts of the Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP). This paper aimed to evaluate sediment reduction by recovering the APPs with vegetation strips of permitted widths (5, 8, 15, and 30 m), as per the Forest Law. We considered three land use scenarios that present distinct erosion rates - predominance of areas with forest cover, pasture, and agriculture. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate sediment yield in these scenarios at the Jundiaí-Mirim Watershed in São Paulo, Brazil. The SWAT was calibrated and validated for monthly streamflow. We obtained statistical indices for the processes of calibration and validation, respectively, as: NS = 0.77 and 0.70, PBIAS = -10.2 and -12.5, and RSR = 0.48 and 0.55. The highest reduction in sediment yield (30%) was observed with the total recovery of the APPs (vegetation strips of 30 m) in the current land use scenario. The recovery of the APPs with vegetation strips of 5, 8, and 15 m yielded sediment reduction below 10% in the alternative land use scenarios. The APP strips with reduced recovery maintained high rates of sediment yield. Additionally, even with a total recovery of the APP it is necessary to adopt soil conservation practices throughout the basin’s agricultural area to minimize the impacts on water resources.
Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests
Authors: Dorigo Thiago Arnt , Siqueira Carla Costa , Oliveira Jane C. F. , Fusinatto Luciana Ardenghi , Santos-Pereira Manuela , Almeida-Santos Marlon , Maia-Carneiro Thiago , Reis Caroline N. C. , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The Parque Nacional da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is considered to be one of the world’s largest urban forests, however no systematic inventory of its herpetofauna is available. In the present study, we surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of this park to assess its species composition (including secondary data) and obtain estimates of species richness and abundance. We conducted active searches (460 hours) between January 2013 and December 2015. We identified the taxa endemic to either the Atlantic Forest or Rio de Janeiro state, and verified the conservation status of each species in the international, Brazilian, and state red lists. We also estimated the species richness and sampling sufficiency by rarefaction curves and Bootstrap richness estimator, and analyzed the distribution of the species abundance in Whittaker plots. We recorded 3,288 individuals over 36 months, representing 24 species of amphibians and 25 reptiles. The cumulative species curves, rarefaction, and the richness estimated indicated that sampling effort was adequate. Species abundance adjusted to the log-series model in both amphibians and reptiles. The four most abundant amphibians represented 70% of the individuals recorded in this group, while the two most abundant reptiles represented 60% of the total individuals. The inclusion of the secondary data raised the number of amphibian species to 38, and the number of reptiles to 36. Approximately 80% of the amphibian species and 28% of the reptile species recorded are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and six of the amphibian species are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Six amphibian species and one reptile species are classified under some threat of extinction, and two reptile species were exotic. The considerable diversity of the herpetofauna of the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, which includes endemic and threatened species, reflects the effectiveness of the reforestation of this protected area and emphasizes the importance of its conservation.
Molecular detection of Apicomplexa protozoa in tissues from Alouatta guariba clamitans
Authors: Ludwig Aline , Murer Laurete , Santos Helton F. dos , Ludwig Adriana , Sangioni Luis Antonio , Vogel Fernanda S.F.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is a primate species widely distributed in South America. Infections by protozoa are common in primates. However, studies on protozoa in primates in Brazil are scarce, so the goal of this study was to investigate DNA from the apicomplexan protozoa Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of A. guariba clamitans. DNA extraction was performed on tissue samples from the heart, brain, liver, spleen, lung and intestine of six A. guariba clamitans from Santa Maria, Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Conventional PCR was performed using 18S rRNA gene general primers for Apicomplexa and also specific primers to amplify Neosporaspp. and Toxoplasma gondii DNA. All animals were positive in the 18S PCR and the genetic sequencing confirmed the presence of Sarcocystis spp. DNA in the tissues of four animals belonging to at least two species (S. neurona and S. gigantea) and T. gondii DNA in the other two animals. One positive sample for T. gondii was genotypically characterized as atypical by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the tested samples. The presence of Apicomplexa protozoan DNA in the tissues of the six animals tested in this study highlights the importance of howler monkeys as maintainers of these pathogens in nature.
Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species
Authors: Pereira Raquel M.F. , Silva Raquel A.F. , Sampaio Rubia A.G. , Silva Neto José F. , Oliveira Rafael L. , Pires Carolina F. , Frade Andressa D.A. , Araújo Jeann Leal de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.
Diversity of ectoparasites and endoparasites infecting Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), a large migratory catfish from the Amazon
Authors: BRITO-JUNIOR Ivanildo Amanajás , TAVARES-DIAS Marcos
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Brachyplatystoma vaillantii is a large migratory catfish widely distributed in the Amazon basin, but its parasitic fauna is still poorly known. As it is an important fishery resource in the region of the Amazonas River estuary, the aim of this study was to investigate the parasite community in B. vaillantii from a tributary of the Amazonas River estuary system, in Brazil. We examined 31 juvenile fish, of which 80.6% were parasitized, and a total of 586 parasites were collected. We identified Dermidospermus brachyplastystimae and Dermidospermus araguiensis (Monogenea), Genarchella genarchella (Digenea), Harriscolex piramutab (Cestoda), Pseudoterranova sp. (Nematoda), Ergasilus xinguensis (Crustacea) and mites (Acarina). The dominance was of Pseudoterranova sp. larvae. The parasite community of B. vaillantii was composed of low values of species richness (2.0 ± 1.4), evenness (0.18 ± 0.21) and diversity (0.32 ± 0.37), with predominance of ectoparasite species with low prevalence, low abundance and overdispersion. Host body weight was the main correlate of parasite diversity and abundance, and a diet rich in crustaceans and other invertebrates may be important in structuring the parasite community of B. vaillantii. This is the first report of Dermidospermus brachyplastystimae and D. araguiensis, Pseudoterranova sp. and G. genarchella for B. vaillantii.
Phenology and fruit set comparison of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) in a natural population and a plantation in the central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: FERREIRA Grace Anne Coelho , BARNETT Adrian Paul Ashton , KRUG Cristiane
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) is a shrub that produces fruits with high concentrations of ascorbic acid (1380 to 1490 mg 100 g-1 of pulp and 2050 mg 100 g-1 of peel), 20 times more than acerola and 100 times more than lemon. Native to the Amazon region, it occurs naturally on the seasonally-flooded banks of lakes and rivers, but also has been cultivated commercially in terra firme. In this study, phenological observations and fruit yield evaluations were carried out in a natural population of camu-camu in a floodplain habitat and a plantation in terra firme in central Amazonia. Biweekly visits were made over one year to collect data on flowering, fruiting and leaf phenology. At the height of flowering, flower buds were marked and tracked until fruit matured and were harvested for biometrics and seed counting. Fruits varied from 1.01 to 2.73 cm in diameter and 1.14 to 10.87 g in weight and fruit production was higher in the wild stand. Phenology differed between habitats and phenophase synchrony was higher in the natural population. Despite being native to flooplain forests, fruit production in terra firme occurred throughout the year, suggesting that there are few restrictions on fruit development in cultivated plantation.
New record of Cepa apeca (Diptera, Syrphidae, Eristalinae, Merodontini) in the Andean-Amazonian region of Colombia and expansion of its geographic range
Authors: PARADA-MARIN Henry Mauricio , MONTOYA Augusto L. , RAMOS-PASTRANA Yardany
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Flower flies of the genus Cepa are endemic to the Neotropical region and Cepa apeca is currently known only from Costa Rica. Here we report the first record of C. apeca in Colombia based on a single female collected using a canopy trap in a dense secondary forest in a mountainous ecosystem in the locality of Vereda San Francisco, municipality of Florencia-Caquetá, at an altitude of 643 m.a.s.l. This finding constitutes the first record of the genus Cepa in Colombia and expands the geographic range of Cepa apeca by approximately 1,500 km (straight line) southwards to South America. Our finding represents the southernmost occurrence of the species and contributes to the incipient knowledge on the Diptera diversity in the Colombian Andean-Amazonian region.
Checklist of benthic algae from beaches and rocky outcrops on the northeast coast of Pará state, Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: PEDRINI¹ Alexandre de Gusmão , GUARINO¹ Gabriel Irene Pereira , DINIZ¹ Felipe dos Santos Pereira , MARTINELLI FILHO José Eduardo
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT We present a checklist with 23 taxa of the benthic phycological flora on three beaches on the northeast coast of Pará state, in the Brazilian Amazon, a rarely surveyed area for algae. Collections were made on substrates like rocky outcrops at Salinópolis municipality, and on trunks, branches and pneumatophores of Laguncularia racemosa and artificial substrates at Marapanim municipality. Despite the limited geographic scale of the sampling, we provide ten new citations for the benthic, marine and estuarine algal taxa of the Pará state coast: six Chlorophyta (Bryopsis pennata, Cladophora coelothrix, C. conferta, Gayralia brasiliensis, Pseudorhizoclonium africanum and Ulva chaetomorphoides), two Rhodophyta (Caloglossa confusa, Centroceras gasparrinii), one Ochrophyta (Bachelotia antillarum) and one Cyanophyta (Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes).
O Plano Especial Diagonal-Poble Nou: da importância do protagonismo público na gestão e produção do espaço urbano à emergência do Urbanismo liberal (I)
Authors: Araujo Adelita , Abascal Eunice Helena Sguizzardi , Victal Jane , Sabaté Joaquín
Published: May 2021

Resumo Um passeio pela última seção da Avenida Diagonal em Barcelona, revendo alguns dos principais projetos desenvolvidos nos últimos anos, permite avaliar a política urbana da cidade como uma história de luzes e sombras, de notáveis operações de transformação, mas também de importantes dívidas sociais. Um desses projetos, o Plano Especial Diagonal-Poble Nou, conduz a intervenção urbana que concluiu a principal avenida da cidade, que corta o antigo bairro Poble Nou à margem do centro, com um rico e significativo patrimônio industrial. A abertura da Diagonal, respeitando o plano histórico de Cerdà, permite uma nova configuração do tecido urbano e induz um novo ordenamento em todo seu entorno. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a abordagem na elaboração do Plano Especial Diagonal-Poble Nou, como representativo do Urbanismo praticado em Barcelona nos anos de 1980. Ao mesmo tempo demonstra como os câmbios introduzidos na aprovação do Plano Especial promovem uma mudança de paradigma e a adoção de um pensamento Urbanístico liberal, reduzindo a responsabilidade pública na gestão e produção do espaço urbano. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo envolveu revisão bibliográfica e análise aprofundada dos documentos do planeamento em seu contexto histórico.
Beyond the freedom to build: Long-term outcomes of Elemental’s incremental housing in Quinta Monroy
Authors: Carrasco Sandra , O’Brien David
Published: May 2021

Abstract In 2003, the Chilean architecture firm Elemental began to revisit the idea of partially completed housing harnessing the productive capacities of the informal process within a more formal framework. The Quinta Monroy project in the northern Chilean city of Iquique was the first such project and involved the in-situ replacement of an informal settlement. The desire of residents was for a middle-class house that was beyond the scope of their budget or the subsidy. The Elemental project at Quinta Monroy comprised 93 expandable houses designed in parallel buildings and organized in four courtyards aiming to promote community interaction and maintain neighbors’ affinities. This paper investigates the process of housing adaptation through self-construction twelve years after the residents received their homes in 2005. The strategy to promote resident-driven expansions has been successful as 92 out of 93 households expanded their homes. The most significant concerns focused on the deterioration of living standards due to progressive and uncontrollable extensions which might have significant impacts on the settlement development. The findings from this paper focus on the neighbors’ negotiations for housing extensions and the risk of the re-creation of precarious living environments evidencing limitations for unassisted or spontaneous incremental schemes of housing development.
System Dynamics for Sustainable Transportation Policies: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fontoura Wlisses Bonelá , Ribeiro Glaydston Mattos
Published: May 2021

Abstract Systems Dynamics (SD) is an efficient method that allows to analyze systems with dynamic complexity and policy resistance. The holistic approach of SD is suitable to analyze the current transportation problems. Among the applications of SD in the transportation sector, the use of this tool in the development and implementation of sustainable transport policies stands out. In this context, this paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review to assess the use of SD in the development and implementation of urban policies focused on sustainable transportation. The results show that most studies analyze policies focused on reducing the negative externalities of transportation, highlighting the efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions and traffic congestion. However, we did not find a study that analyzes non-motorized and motorized modes by economic, environmental, social, spatial and traffic variables. At the end of this study, the gaps found in the literature are pointed out, being available to further exploration in future studies.
Spatiotemporal variability of urban heat island: Influence of urbanization on seasonal pattern of land surface temperature in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Brazil
Authors: Souto Jefferson Inayan de Oliveira , Cohen Julia Clarinda Paiva
Published: May 2021

Abstract Cities experience the extensive urban heat island effect (UHI), which continue to pose challenges for humanity's increasingly urban population, where tropical cities have experienced a continued and rapid urbanization process in the past few decades. We present the evolution of surface UHI and its controlling factors in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, over the last 16 years (2003-2018), which has experienced unique consolidated economic growth and urban transformation under wet equatorial climate. We incorporate MODIS and Landsat satellite data and evaluate statistical techniques for estimates the variation in the land surface temperature (LST) during two seasons: wet season and dry season. Our result revealed that the regions of fast urbanization resulted in a decrease of normalized difference vegetation index and increase of LST. In addition, annual maps showed the spatial pattern of surface UHI intensities were produced based on daytime and nighttime temperature, and the analysis result indicated that the spatial distribution of high heat capacity was closely related with the densely built-up areas. These findings are helpful for understanding the urbanization process as well as urban ecology, which both have significant implications for urban planning and minimize the potential environmental impacts of urbanization in Metropolitan Region of Belém.
From the Banestado Case to Operation Car Wash: Building an Anti-Corruption Institutional Framework in Brazil *
Authors: Marona Marjorie , Kerche Fábio
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the development process of a new anti-corruption institutionality in Brazil, based mainly on judicial tools and on the legal system – police officers, prosecutors, and judges – that finds its highest expression during the Operation Car Wash. The hypothesis is that the new anti-corruption institutionality was built in the first term through justice policies coordinated by the Federal government, but was taken over by the Public Prosecution’s Office and the Judiciary. The article highlights the main characteristics of the new anti-corruption institutionality and introduces its historical construction, frame by frame, based on the evolution of task forces in Brazil from the Banestado Case to Operation Car Wash.
Vida sem Escola e a saúde mental dos estudantes de escolas públicas durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Vazquez Daniel Arias , Caetano Sheila , Schlegel Rogério , Lourenço Elaine , Nemi Ana , Slemian Andrea , Sanchez Zila M.
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo analisa os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes durante parte do período de suspensão das aulas presenciais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, aplicado entre outubro e dezembro de 2020, baseado em questionário online de autorrelato respondido por estudantes entre 13 e 20 anos, do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio, que acompanhavam as atividades escolares remotas em 21 escolas públicas estaduais e municipais, localizadas nas periferias dos municípios de São Paulo e Guarulhos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla, tendo como variáveis dependentes os escores de depressão pelo Inventário de Depressão Infantil e de ansiedade pelo SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders). O tempo de exposição às telas, a inversão do sono e o sexo feminino, combinados com as dificuldades do ensino remoto e outros marcadores sociais (como cor/raça e casos de Covid-19 em casa), estão associados a sintomas de depressão e ansiedade durante a primeira onda da Covid-19 na região metropolitana de São Paulo, reforçando a importância da rotina escolar na vida desses jovens e os desafios colocados às escolas para a promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes no período pós-pandemia.
Micro-push-out bond strength of Mineral—based root canal sealer in canals with different tapers
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodonics GITAM Dental College & Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India., Vasavi Nunna , Sirisha Kantheti ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodonics GITAM Dental College & Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India.
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the micro-push-out bond strength of a mineral-based root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS in canals prepared by K3XF rotary systems of two different tapers. Material and Methods: Eighty caries free maxillary central incisors were used in this study. The samples were allocated into 4 groups (n=20) according to the root canal sealer and taper of the rotary instruments. The samples were obturated using single cone obturation technique. From each root 1mm thick slices at coronal, middle and apical thirds were collected using hard tissue microtome under continuous water coolant. Push-out tests were done for these sections using a Universal testing machine (INSTRON 8801) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the bond strengths within groups and Tukey’s multiple post hoc analysis was used for pair-wise comparison of bond strengths. Results: AH Plus exhibited higher micro-push-out bond strength than BioRootRCS though they did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Preparation of root canals with 6% taper rotary instruments showed higher bond strength than 4% though they did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between micro-push-out bond strength values of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus. The bond strength values were high in 6% taper canals than 4% canals though the difference was not significant statistically.
Normal tension glaucoma: Prevalence, etiology and treatment
Authors: George Ayoub , Yanan Luo , Dominic Man-Kit Lam
Published: May 2021

Normal tension glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma among people of east Asian countries. While a significant minority of cases of normal tension glaucoma respond to drugs or surgical procedures that lower intra-ocular pressure, most cases continue to progress, resulting in a continuing loss of visual field and blindness. We here review the current state of knowledge of this debilitating disease, and evaluate a promising pilot study showing a potential route to evaluate normal tension glaucoma and to effectively treat it with a vitamin and mineral supplement.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIBRANT SOUNDBRIDGE – A 25-YEAR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ball Geoffrey , Rose-Eichberger Karin
Published: May 2021

The Vibrant Soundbridge is a semi-implantable “direct drive” hearing system for the treatment of hearing loss. People who are unsuccessful users of acoustic hearing aids or who are dissatisfied with their hearing aids have been successfully fitted with the device. The Vibrant Soundbridge is comprised of an external audio processor and an internal vibrating ossicular prosthesis, which together convert environmental sound into a vibratory signal delivered to the inner ear. This unique middle ear implant system has, over the past 25 years, proven to be an effective solution for many types of hearing loss – mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss, as well as for conductive or mixed hearing loss. This review gives an overview of the design and development of the system, with a focus on its biomechanics, over the last 25 years.
OUTCOMES OF COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN PRELINGUAL HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH ABNORMAL PREIMPLANTATION IMAGING FINDINGS
Authors: Misron Khairunnisak , Tengku Kamalden Tengku Mohamed Izam
Published: May 2021

Background

In pediatric patients who are about to undergo cochlear implantation, preimplantation imaging to assess any abnormality in the inner ear or brain is crucial. The literature has shown that inner ear malformation affects auditory and speech development. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of cochlear implant (CI) in children with abnormal imaging findings.

Material and methods

All children had undergone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the internal acoustic canal and brain as part of routine preimplantation evaluations. Outcomes of CI were measured using Category of Auditory Performance II (CAP-II) and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS).

Results

There were 25 patients who initially underwent unilateral CI, but 2 patients were excluded, leaving 23 patients in the study. There were 4 patients who had inner ear malformations and another 3 presented with brain findings, while the remaining 16 children had normal findings. In both prelingual hearing impaired children with abnormal and normal imaging findings, there were significant improvements in CAP-II score following CI (p = 0.020 and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, there were statistically significant in MAIS scores in prelingual hearing impaired children with abnormal imaging (p = 0.017) as well as with normal imaging (p = 0.001). However, when comparing the CAP-II and MAIS scores between children with normal and abnormal imaging, there were no significant differences observed (p = 0.624 and p = 0.376, respectively).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that prelingually hearing impaired children with abnormal HRCT and MRI findings gained benefits from CI. Therefore, abnormal imaging findings should not be a limiting factor in CI candidacy.
An exemplary book on the training of the mind through the eyes of a doctor: Terbiyye-i Akliyye and philosophical investigation
Authors: YİNİLMEZ AKAGÜNDÜZ Seval
Published: May 2021

Important steps were taken at every stage of the educational policies implemented in the Second Constitutional Period. The use of textbooks and new educational materials and techniques constitutes only a few of these steps. All kinds of thoughts were discussed in the periodicals of the period. During the Second Constitutional Period, when intellectual life was revived, new developments took place in many areas of social sciences, especially psychology. During this period, the copyright and translation of many psychology books were brought into the literature. One of these books is Dr. Avni Mahmud's work titled "Terbiyye-i Akliyye" (Education of the mind) written in 1335/1919. The work has a unique denominator both in illuminating the course of the educational history of the period and in the development of interdisciplinary relations. The purpose of this research is to analyze what kind of philosophical inferences are used in the categories of mind, emotion, and training of the will in the work named “Terbiyye-i Akliyye”. The work in question is enlightening at the point that the work in question is enlightening in that the period gives clues about education in general and philosophical approaches in education in particular. Document analysis approach qualitative research methods was used in the research. Based on the categories and sub-themes of “Training the Mind Power” and “Training the Power of Emotion and Will”, the study concluded that it is not enough to train the mind alone, but that the mind can only be trained when the mind, emotion, and willpower are trained together.
Prevalence Of Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity In Patients Of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis- Study from a tertiary care centre in North India.
Authors:   MD, Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Kishor Dr. Kriti , Mishra Dr. Debashish ,   MD, DM Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Jain Dr. Siddharth ,   MD DM, Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Shafiq Dr. Nusrat ,   MD, DM Professor, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Dhir Dr. Varun ,   MD, DM, Additional Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Jain Dr. Sanjay ,   MD DM, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Sharma Dr. Shefali K ,   MD, Additional Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology wing, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess the prevalence of tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity in early rheumatoidarthritis patients (< 6months disease duration) using Tuberculin sensitivity testing in a TB endemiccountry. Method: Included in this cross-sectional study were 200 patients of early rheumatoidarthritis divided into three groups- treatment naïve, patients on methotrexate only andmethotrexate plus low dose corticosteroids. 1TU (0.1ml) of PPD RT-23 with tween 80 was injectedintradermally over the left forearm and the induration measured after 72 hours. For interpretation,Induration >10mm was taken as positive, < 5mm as negative and 5-10mm as indeterminate.Healthy controls were taken for comparison. Results: 200 early RA patients and 60 healthy controlswere included in this study. The median age of the study population was 43 years (IQR 33-51) witha mean disease duration of 3.4 ± 2.1 months. 54 patients (27%) with early RA and 22 healthycontrol (36.7%) had TST positive (p=0.1). The mean TST positivity inpatient cohort was7.25±6.53(mm) and in the control population(mm) was 7.06±6.07.TST was positive in 26 (22.6%)treatment naïve patients (n= 115);22 (37.9%) patients on methotrexate(n=58) and 6 (22.2%)patients on methotrexate and low dose corticosteroids(n=27) (p=0.08). Prior BCG vaccinationstatus, disease activity, a dose of methotrexate and rheumatoid factor seropositivity had nosignificant effect on TST positivity. Conclusion: Tuberculin positivity is low among patients withearly RA as compared to the general population. The use of low dose steroids or methotrexatedoesn’t affect the tuberculin anergy. Further larger studies with augmented tuberculin doses arerequired to assess the factors affecting TST positivity in RA patients.
A rare case of osseous metaplasia in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Wagh Dr. Amol N , D Dr. Samprathi ,   Resident, Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Bhagvat Dr. Shirish R ,   Professor, Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Tandur Dr. Amarjeet ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Dhimole Dr. Nikhil N ,   Resident, Department of General Surgery, Grant Government Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2021

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer. It is very rare and isfound in less than 2% of patients with thyroid cancer. It most commonly occurs in people over theage of 60 years. It is usually diagnosed at later stages when the disease has already spread tosurrounding structures or has grown large enough to compress the trachea or esophagus causingpressure symptoms. The patient here, a 75-year-old female, presented with a large swelling in thefront of the neck in euthyroid status which was diagnosed as anaplastic thyroid cancer and wasmanaged surgically and the surgical specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Thepresence of osseous metaplasia with mature bone formation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rareentity and has been discussed in this case report.