bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the Cognitive Catalyst Model with Idiographic Content: Rumination Moderates the Association between Self-Discrepancies and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Vergara-Lopez Chrystal , Kyung Yoonhee , Detschner Angela , Roberts John E.
Published: November 2014

Depressive rumination, which involves repetitive thinking directed at one's depressive symptoms and the perceived causes and consequences of those symptoms, plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of depression. Recently, Ciesla, and Roberts (2002, 2007; Ciesla, Felton, & Roberts, 2011) proposed the cognitive catalyst model of depression, which posits that rumination intensifies the impact of already existing negative cognitions. Previous studies examining rumination as a moderator of cognitive content have used nomothetic conceptualizations of cognitive content. The current research replicated and extended these past studies using an idiographic conceptualization of negative cognitive content, specifically self-discrepancy theory (SDT). SDT suggests that idiographic self-guides serve to direct behavior and govern self-regulation (Higgins, 1987). Two studies based on college student samples (N = 102 and N = 107) tested the interaction between rumination and self- discrepancies in the prediction of depressive symptoms. In line with the cognitive catalyst model, Study 1 found that rumination moderated the association between actual:ideal self-discrepancies and depressive symptoms, such that self-discrepancies predicted depression more strongly among high compared to low ruminators. Study 2 found that the interaction between rumination and actual:ideal self-discrepancies was specific to predicting dysphoric mood and insomnia versus other dimensions of depressive symptoms, such as lassitude, appetite change and suicidality, and that these effects were limited to males. Results from the two studies provide further support for the cognitive catalyst model by demonstrating that rumination amplifies the association between self-discrepancies and depression and suggests that these effects may be specific to dysphoric mood and insomnia (at least for males) as opposed to other forms of depressive symptomatology.
Chasing Clarity: Rumination as a Strategy for Making Sense of Emotions
Authors: Vine Vera , Aldao Amelia , Nolen-Hoeksema Susan
Published: November 2014

Research is needed on the affective mechanisms that motivate people to ruminate. One possibility is that some people might ruminate in response to deficits in emotional clarity because not knowing how they feel might be intolerable to them. We tested the hypothesis that the relationship between low emotional clarity and rumination would be moderated by intolerance of ambiguity. Participants in a longitudinal online study (N = 195) provided self-reports of intolerance of ambiguity and rumination and reported state emotional clarity following an idiographic mood induction; three weeks later they reported on rumination again. As predicted, participants with low emotional clarity at Time 1 ruminated more three weeks later, but only if they were intolerant of ambiguity. Findings support the notion that rumination sometimes functions as a search for answers about emotions. We discuss implications for understanding the affective disturbances perpetuating vicious cycles of rumination and for rumination-focused clinical interventions.
Evaluating the Effect of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs about Angry Rumination on Anger with Cognitive Bias Modification
Authors: Krans Julie , Moulds Michelle L. , Grisham Jessica R. , Lang Tamara J. , Denson Thomas F.
Published: November 2014

Since the publication of Susan Nolen-Hoeksema's (1991) seminal Response Style Theory of depressive rumination, a wealth of research has demonstrated that rumination plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of depression. More recently, rumination has been examined within the context of anger, and findings have suggested that ruminating about anger-inducing events heightens or maintains anger and increases aggression. Given these unhelpful effects, why do people ruminate in response to anger? The current experiment examined the potential role of positive beliefs about rumination in maintaining this process. We tested the hypothesis that positive beliefs about ruminating in response to anger-provoking events would lead to increased levels of anger and aggression. Participants engaged in cognitive bias modification (CBM) training intended to induce positive or negative beliefs about rumination. Next, they were presented with anger-provoking scenarios and asked to rate their predicted levels of anger and aggression in response to these scenarios. After CBM training, all participants showed a positive belief bias towards rumination; however, this bias was more pronounced in the positive beliefs condition. Unexpectedly, participants in the positive beliefs condition predicted that they would have lower levels of anger than participants in the negative beliefs condition, although this difference was reduced to a trend when implicit preference for emotional expression was controlled. The unexpected findings suggest novel testable hypotheses, for which concrete suggestions are provided.
Are Rumination and Worry Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Topper Maurice , Molenaar Dylan , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. , Ehring Thomas
Published: November 2014

Worry and rumination are two types of Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) that have been shown to be related to the development and maintenance of emotional problems. Whereas these two forms of RNT have traditionally been regarded as distinct and differentially related to psychopathology, researchers have recently argued that worry and rumination share the same process and show a very similar relationship to different forms of psychopathology. In a series of three studies, we employed a structural equation modelling approach to compare these competing hypotheses. Results showed that a bi-factor model (representing RNT by one latent factor with two uncorrelated method factors) provided a better fit to the data than a two-factor model (with worry and rumination represented by separate factors). In addition, the shared variance within the bi-factor model fully accounted for changes in symptom levels of depression and anxiety in two prospective studies. These findings support a transdiagnostic account of RNT. Implications for theory, measurement and clinical practice are discussed.
The Relationship between Rumination and Affective, Cognitive, and Physiological Responses to Stress in Adolescents
Authors: Aldao Amelia , McLaughlin Katie A. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Sheridan Margaret A.
Published: November 2014

Although previous studies have established that rumination influences responses to stressful life events, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain inadequately understood. The current study examines the relationship between trait rumination and affective, cognitive, and physiological responses to a standardized laboratory-based stressor in adolescents. A community-based sample of adolescents (N = 157) aged 13–17 completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Affective, cognitive, and physiological responses were obtained before, during, and after the TSST. Adolescents who engaged in habitual rumination experienced greater negative affect and more negative cognitive appraisals in response to the TSST than adolescents with lower levels of rumination. Rumination was unrelated to heart rate reactivity, but predicted slower heart rate recovery from the TSST, indicating that rumination might be specifically associated with physiological recovery from stress. Rumination is associated with negative affective, cognitive, and physiological responses following stressors, suggesting potential mechanisms through which it might increase risk for psychopathology.
Recent trends in aerosol optical properties derived from AERONET measurements
Authors: Li J. , Carlson B. E. , Dubovik O. , Lacis A. A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) has been providing high-quality retrievals of aerosol optical properties from the surface at worldwide locations for more than a decade. Many sites have continuous and consistent records for more than 10 years, which enables the investigation of long-term trends in aerosol properties at these locations. In this study, we present the results of a trend analysis at selected stations with long data records. In addition to commonly studied parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE), we also focus on inversion products including absorption aerosol optical depth (ABS), single-scattering albedo (SSA) and the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). Level 2.0 quality assured data are the primary source. However, due to the scarcity of level 2.0 inversion products resulting from the strict AOD quality control threshold, we have also analyzed level 1.5 data, with some quality control screening to provide a reference for global results. Two statistical methods are used to detect and estimate the trend: the Mann–Kendall test associated with Sen's slope and linear least-squares fitting. The results of these statistical tests agree well in terms of the significance of the trend for the majority of the cases. The results indicate that Europe and North America experienced a uniform decrease in AOD, while significant (>90%) increases in these two parameters are found for North India and the Arabian Peninsula. The AE trends turn out to be different for North America and Europe, with increases for the former and decreases for the latter, suggesting opposite changes in fine/coarse-mode fraction. For level 2.0 inversion parameters, Beijing and Kanpur both experienced an increase in SSA. Beijing also shows a reduction in ABS, while the SSA increase for Kanpur is mainly due the increase in scattering aerosols. Increased absorption and reduced SSA are found at Solar_Village. At level 1.5, most European and North American sites also show positive SSA and negative ABS trends, although the data are more uncertain. The AAE trends are less spatially coherent due to large uncertainties, except for a robust increase at three sites in West Africa, which suggests a possible reduction in black carbon. Overall, the trends do not exhibit obvious seasonality for the majority of parameters and stations.
Temperature profiling of the atmospheric boundary layer with rotational Raman lidar during the HD(CP)2 observational prototype experiment
Authors: Hammann E. , Behrendt A. , Le Mounier F. , Wulfmeyer V.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The temperature measurements of the Rotational Raman Lidar of the University of Hohenheim (UHOH RRL) during the High Definition of Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction (HD(CP)2 Prototype Experiment (HOPE) in April and May 2013 are discussed. The lidar consists of a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm with 10 W average power at 50 Hz, a two-mirror scanner, a 40 cm receiving telescope and a highly efficient polychromator with cascading interference filters for separating four signals: the elastic backscatter signal, two rotational Raman signals with different temperature dependence, and the vibrational Raman signal of water vapor. The main measurement variable of the UHOH RRL is temperature. For the HOPE campaign, the lidar receiver was optimized for high and low background levels, respectively, with a novel switch for the passband of the second rotational Raman channel. The instrument delivers atmospheric profiles of water vapor mixing ratio as well as particle backscatter coefficient and particle extinction coefficient as further products. As examples for the measurement performance, measurements of the temperature gradient and water vapor mixing ratio revealing the development of the atmospheric boundary layer within 25 h are presented. As expected from simulations, a significant advance during nighttime was achieved with the new low-background setting. A two-mirror scanner allows for measurements in different directions. When pointing the scanner to low elevation, measurements close to the ground become possible which are otherwise impossible due to the non-total overlap of laser beam and receiving telescope field-of-view in the near range. We present an example of a low-level temperature measurement which resolves the temperature gradient at the top of the stable nighttime boundary layer a hundred meters above the ground.
High-resolution atmospheric water vapor measurements with a scanning differential absorption lidar
Authors: Späth F. , Behrendt A. , Muppa S. K. , Metzendorf S. , Riede A. , Wulfmeyer V.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The scanning differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of the University of Hohenheim (UHOH) is presented. The UHOH DIAL is equipped with an injection-seeded frequency-stabilized high-power Ti:sapphire laser operated at 818 nm with a repetition rate of 250 Hz. A scanning transceiver unit with a 80 cm primary mirror receives the atmospheric backscatter signals. The system is capable of water vapor measurements with temporal resolutions of a few seconds and a range resolution between 30 and 300 m at daytime. It allows to investigate surface-vegetation-atmosphere exchange processes with high resolution. In this paper, we present the design of the instrument and illustrate its performance with recent water vapor measurements taken in Stuttgart-Hohenheim and in the frame of the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE). HOPE was located near research center Jülich, in western Germany, in spring 2013 as part of the project "High Definition of Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction" (HD(CP)2). Scanning measurements reveal the 3-dimensional structures of the water vapor field. The influence of uncertainties within the calculation of the absorption cross-section at wavelengths around 818 nm for the WV retrieval is discussed. Radiosonde intercomparisons show a very small bias between the instruments of only (−0.04 ± 0.11) g m−3 or (−1.0 ± 2.3) % in the height range of 0.5 to 3 km.
Temporal changes in surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide and carbonate saturation state in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the 1962–2012 period
Authors: Xue L. , Yu W. , Wang H. , Jiang L.-Q. , Feng L. , Gao L. , Li K. , Li Z. , Wei Q. , Ning C.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Information on changes in the oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and air–sea CO2 flux as well as on ocean acidification in the Indian Ocean is very limited. In this study, temporal changes of the inorganic carbon system in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO, 5° N–5° S, 90–95° E) are examined using partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data collected in May 2012, historical pCO2 data since 1962, and total alkalinity (TA) data calculated from salinity. Results show that sea surface pCO2 in the equatorial belt (2° N–2° S, 90–95° E) increased from ∼307 μatm in April 1963 to ∼373 μatm in May 1999, ∼381 μatm in April 2007, and ∼385 μatm in May 2012. The mean rate of pCO2 increase in this area (∼1.56 μatm yr−1) was close to that in the atmosphere (∼1.46 μatm yr−1). Despite the steady pCO2 increase in this region, no significant change in air–sea CO2 fluxes was detected during this period. Ocean acidification as indicated by pH and saturation states for carbonate minerals has indeed taken place in this region. Surface water pH (total hydrogen scale) and saturation state for aragonite (Ωarag), calculated from pCO2 and TA, decreased significantly at rates of −0.0016 ± 0.0001 and −0.0095 ± 0.0005 yr−1, respectively. The respective contributions of temperature, salinity, TA, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the increase in surface pCO2 and the decreases in pH and Ωarag are quantified. We find that the increase in DIC dominated these changes, while contributions from temperature, salinity, and TA were insignificant. The increase in DIC was most likely associated with the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and the transport of accumulated anthropogenic CO2 from a CO2 sink region via basin-scale ocean circulations. These two processes may combine to drive oceanic DIC to follow atmospheric CO2 increase.
Modelling the role of fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE – Part 1: simulating historical global burned area and fire regimes
Authors: Yue C. , Ciais P. , Cadule P. , Thonicke K. , Archibald S. , Poulter B. , Hao W. M. , Hantson S. , Mouillot F. , Friedlingstein P. , Maignan F. , Viovy N.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Fire is an important global ecological process that influences the distribution of biomes, with consequences for carbon, water, and energy budgets. Therefore it is impossible to appropriately model the history and future of the terrestrial ecosystems and the climate system without including fire. This study incorporates the process-based prognostic fire module SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE, which was then used to simulate burned area over the 20th century. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of other fire regime indicators such as seasonality, fire size and fire length, next to burned area. For 2001–2006, the simulated global spatial extent of fire agrees well with that given by satellite-derived burned area data sets (L3JRC, GLOBCARBON, GFED3.1), and 76–92% of the global burned area is simulated as collocated between the model and observation, depending on which data set is used for comparison. The simulated global mean annual burned area is 346 Mha yr−1, which falls within the range of 287–384 Mha yr−1 as given by the three observation data sets; and is close to the 344 Mha yr−1 by the GFED3.1 data when crop fires are excluded. The simulated long-term trend and variation of burned area agree best with the observation data in regions where fire is mainly driven by climate variation, such as boreal Russia (1930–2009), along with Canada and US Alaska (1950–2009). At the global scale, the simulated decadal fire variation over the 20th century is only in moderate agreement with the historical reconstruction, possibly because of the uncertainties of past estimates, and because land-use change fires and fire suppression are not explicitly included in the model. Over the globe, the size of large fires (the 95th quantile fire size) is underestimated by the model for the regions of high fire frequency, compared with fire patch data as reconstructed from MODIS 500 m burned area data. Two case studies of fire size distribution in Canada and US Alaska, and southern Africa indicate that both number and size of large fires are underestimated, which could be related with short fire patch length and low daily fire size. Future efforts should be directed towards building consistent spatial observation data sets for key parameters of the model in order to constrain the model error at each key step of the fire modelling.
The water balance components of undisturbed tropical woodlands in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Oliveira P. T. S. , Wendland E. , Nearing M. A. , Scott R. L. , Rosolem R. , da Rocha H. R.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Deforestation of the Brazilian Cerrado region has caused major changes in hydrological processes. These changes in water balance components are still poorly understood, but are important for making land management decisions in this region. To understand pre-deforestation conditions, we determined the main components of the water balance for an undisturbed tropical woodland classified as "cerrado sensu stricto denso". We developed an empirical model to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ET) by using flux tower measurements and, vegetation conditions inferred from the enhanced vegetation index and reference evapotranspiration. Canopy interception, throughfall, stemflow, surface runoff, and water table level were assessed from ground measurements. We used data from two Cerrado sites, "Pé de Gigante" – PDG and "Instituto Arruda Botelho" – IAB. Flux tower data from the PDG site collected from 2001 to 2003 was used to develop the empirical model to estimate ET. The other hydrological processes were measured at the field scale between 2011 and 2014 in the IAB site. The empirical model showed significant agreement (R2= 0.73) with observed ET at the daily scale. The average values of estimated ET at the IAB site ranged from 1.91 to 2.60 mm d−1 for the dry and wet season, respectively. Canopy interception ranged from 4 to 20% and stemflow values were approximately 1% of gross precipitation. The average runoff coefficient was less than 1%, while Cerrado deforestation has the potential to increase that amount up to 20 fold. As relatively little excess water runs off (either by surface water or groundwater) the water storage may be estimated by the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. Our results provide benchmark values of water balance dynamics in the undisturbed Cerrado that will be useful to evaluate past and future land cover and land use changes for this region.
Integration of Biofeedback into Pediatric Multidisciplinary Programs at Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City
Authors: Grayson Paula , Ozman Madonna , Welchert Elly
Published: November 2014

Research supports multidisciplinary care as an efficacious, and cost-effective approach for treating pain.An interdisciplinary approach to treatment for chronic pain in children and adolescents has been successfully implemented at Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City. The hospital has supported the establishment and growth of an Integrative Pain Management Team (IPMT), an Abdominal Pain Program (APP), and recently has added multidisciplinary teams that deal with a variety of difficult, chronic gastrointestinal issues. Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training (BART) has been integrated into the Abdominal Pain and Integrative Pain Management programs and is a valued component of their comprehensive treatment care plans. A description of current biofeedback training protocols, training modalities, therapeutic games, and home practice tools is provided.
On Integrating an Integrative: Implications for Implementing a Biofeedback Program into an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Giedzinska-Simons Antoinette
Published: November 2014

Implementing a viable biofeedback program into an integrative mental health inpatient rehabilitation program has its appeals and its challenges. This article describes the biofeedback program within the Sierra Tucson inpatient rehabilitation hospital. The fact that the field of biofeedback provides a dynamic system of training, education, and empowerment can yield creative programmatic solutions toward integrating this therapy to coalesce within a greater integrative mental health system. A brief outline of the challenges to consider when implementing such a program is offered, along with further discussion regarding the Sierra Tucson program's model and methods.
Infection Risk Mitigation for Biofeedback Providers
Authors: Hagedorn Dave
Published: November 2014

Biofeedback providers necessarily make contact with patients or clients using sterile and nonsterile instruments and sensors. Many biofeedback providers lack the aseptic technique training that is common to licensed medical providers. This review familiarizes biofeedback providers with the essential principles and procedures of infection risk mitigation by touching on routes of disease transmission, disinfection, sanitization, and Spaulding classification. Basic suggestions for infection risk mitigation standards of practice are offered.
Kindred Crimes Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” and Doyle's The Sign of Four
Authors: Bertman Stephen
Published: November 2014

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle bestowed high praise on the literary achievements of Edgar Allan Poe, describing him in particular as the father of the modern detective story. Doyle's debt to Poe is most evident in the way he modeled Sherlock Holmes on C. Auguste Dupin, the intellectual detective–hero of three of Poe's tales, “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” “The Mystery of Marie Roget,” and “The Purloined Letter.” While comparative analyses of Poe's and Doyle's writings have rightly focused on the likenesses between the detectives in their stories, a striking similarity also exists between two of the cases those detectives investigated. After identifying numerous parallels between Doyle's The Sign of Four (1890) and Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), the article concludes that Doyle, without ever acknowledging his source, took his novel's basic plot from Poe's short story.
Focal Defect Resembling a Subchondral Bone Cyst of the Ulnar Trochlear Notch in a Dog
Authors: Makielski Kelly , Muir Peter , Bleedorn Jason
Published: November 2014

A 13 mo old spayed female golden retriever/standard poodle mixed-breed dog was presented for intermittent right forelimb lameness. Physical examination revealed marked effusion and decreased flexion in the right elbow joint, radiography showed mild osteophytosis of the right elbow joint, and computed tomography showed a focal defect in the subchondral bone in the trochlear notch of the ulna resembling a subchondral bone cyst. Arthroscopy of the affected elbow revealed a focal defect in the articular cartilage on the trochlear notch with vascular ingrowth covering a defect in the subchondral bone plate. The synovium surrounding the defect was inflamed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of a subchondral bone cyst in the ulna of a dog.
Biomasa aérea y modelos alométricos para Acacia pennatula, en condiciones naturales del trópico seco Nicaragüense
Authors: López Benavides Kenny , Castillo Castillo Idania Del Rosario , Altamirano Espino Doris Del Carmen
Published: November 2014

La investigación se realizó en los reductos forestales de vegetación secundaria ubicados en la Estación Experimental – El Limón, Estelí, Nicaragua. Con el objetivo de evaluar la producción de biomasa forrajera y leña de Carbón (Acacia pennatula Schltdl y Cham) Benth, en condiciones naturales de vegetación secundaria en el trópico seco Nicaragüense. Con este fin, el experimento se enfoco en dos fases: 1) determinar la producción de biomasa forrajera y leña, 2) generar ecuaciones alométricas para estimar la producción de biomasa forrajera y leña. Se seleccionaron 26 individuos de Carbón, comprendidos en un rango amplio de altura y diámetro a la altura de pecho. Posteriormente se efectúo una poda de homogenización a una altura de 1.8 metros, a partir del suelo, con la finalidad de que cada individuo mostrará su capacidad productora de biomasa, durante un período de 6 meses. Después de éste periodo de acumulación se cosecho la biomasa, la cual se dividió en dos fracciones: forraje y leñosa. Para cada individuo se midió el diámetro a la altura del pecho, el número de rebrotes, diámetro de la base, la longitud de cada rebrote y el peso fresco de forraje y leña. Se tomaron muestras frescas de cada fracción por individuo, las cuales se secaron a 60 ºC por 48 horas, hasta alcanzar un peso constante. Posteriormente, se estimó la producción de biomasa seca total de ambas fracciones por árbol, a través del modelo de predicción lineal “y” = 0.4357 x - 8.3423, altamente significativo (p = 0.0001 y R = 0.988). Según los coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, las variables que asociaron a la producción de forraje fueron: diámetro de la base y longitud del rebrote (R2 = 0.635), número de rebrotes (R2 = 0.647) y diámetro a la altura de pecho (R2 = 0.722). Mientras que la leña está asociada al diámetro de la base y longitud del rebrote (R2 = 0.617 y 0.779), respectivamente. Todas las correlaciones antes mencionadas resultaron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0.05). Las variables evaluadas se ajustaron a modelos de regresión lineal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/farem.v0i11.1604 Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí No.11 2014: 47-56
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRESENÇA DO ACOMPANHANTE NO PARTO E PUERPÉRIO EM MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Vaz Thabita Helena , Pivatto Liane Fuhr
Published: November 2014

Estudo descritivo quantitativo com o objetivo de avaliar a opinião de puérperas sobre a experiência da presença do acompanhante, no processo do parto e puerpério, em uma maternidade pública, referência para gestação de alto risco, do Estado do Paraná-Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre agosto e setembro de 2012 com 105 puérperas, a partir de questionário semiestruturado. A presença do acompanhante foi considerada positiva e as tarefas por ele realizadas proporcionaram à puérpera segurança, especialmente pelo cuidado com ela e o bebê. Destacou-se que as usuárias querem ter acompanhante, independentemente das condições estruturais da instituição.
MODELO CALGARY DE AVALIAÇÃO DA FAMÍLIA: EXPERIÊNCIA EM UM PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO
Authors: Mantelo Cecilio Hellen Pollyanna , Santos Katiucy Sturião dos , Vendrameto Marina Marin , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a estrutura, a funcionalidade e o desenvolvimento da família, a partir do aparecimento da condição crônica. Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido junto a duas famílias, que foram acompanhadas por um projeto de extensão. Utilizou-se o Modelo Calgary de Avaliação da Família, que propõe a utilização de três categorias de análise: estrutural, desenvolvimental e funcional, além do genograma e ecomapa. Uma família é nuclear e a outra é composta por apenas um indivíduo. A aplicação do modelo permitiu identificar as diferenças entre o apoio familiar na doença crônica e o enfrentamento do indivíduo sem a família. Com o envelhecimento surgem desafios a serem vivenciados e, para o idoso que vive só, tais enfrentamentos se agravam, pelo fato de estar privado de qualquer companhia.
DESINFETANTES DE ALTO NÍVEL ALTERNATIVOS AO GLUTARALDEÍDO PARA PROCESSAMENTO DE ENDOSCÓPIOS FLEXÍVEIS
Authors: Psaltikidis Eliane Molina , Leichsenring Mirtes Loeschner , Nakamura Marlene Hitomi Yoshida , Bustorff-Silva Joaquim Murray , Passeri Luis Augusto , Venâncio Sonia Isoyama
Published: November 2014

Endoscópios flexíveis são fundamentais em diversas especialidades médicas; em geral são termossensíveis, semicríticos e submetidos à desinfecção de alto nível. O glutaraldeído é largamente utilizado para este fim, devido à alta compatibilidade e baixo custo, porém, a tolerância de micobactérias e a toxicidade ocupacional pressionam por adoção de germicidas alternativos. Foi realizada revisão sistemática com objetivo de buscar evidências sobre a efetividade, toxicidade e potenciais danos causados aos endoscópios pelos germicidas, alternativos ao glutaraldeído, disponíveis no mercado brasileiro. Foram identificadas, em 13 bases eletrônicas, 822 publicações, entre 2008 e 2013. Destas, foram selecionados 23 estudos, considerando a melhor qualidade de evidência disponível. As publicações apontaram para a superioridade do ácido peracético e do ortoftalaldeído quanto à eficácia na desinfecção de alto nível. Somente o ortoftalaldeído apresentou evento adverso claramente relacionado à sua utilização. Não há evidências suficientes para afirmar que algum destes germicidas possui maior potencial de danos aos equipamentos.Desinfecção; Endoscópios; Glutaraldeído; Toxicidade.
Pain therapy in haemophilia in Germany
Authors: Schelle G. , Jost K. , Eberl W. , Tiede A. , Kalnins W.
Published: November 2014

One of many challenges in the treatment of persons with haemophilia is the selection and application of appropriate pain-relieving therapies. The current situation of pain management for persons with haemophilia in Germany was evaluated using a survey with the intention of identifying potential areas for improvement. Results of 685 respondents showed that 86% experienced episodes of pain and that pain was already present in 66% of children and adolescents. Joint pain was the most common type of pain (92%), remarkably so even in 80% of young patients. Half of the patients received pharmacological therapy for the pain and 46% of the patients received physiotherapy. Priority and sequence of the contacted physicians and therapists for diagnosis and therapy is described. Satisfaction with pain therapy was expressed by 56% of participants and 18% felt their pain not treated sufficiently.

The results of the survey will be used to develop measures for improvement of long-term care of haemophilia patients regarding pain therapy.
Imagem Corporativa de Instituições Bancárias: Uma Proposta de Escala para sua Mensuração
Authors: Hekis Helio Roberto , De Vasconcelos Claudio Ruy Portela , Paulino Raissa Dalia , Martins Silvana Dias
Published: November 2014

A imagem funciona como elemento de mediao simblica entre a organizao e suas audincias, tendo sua influncia reconhecida como fator de avaliao global, notadamente quando a distino baseada em atributos concretos de diferentes ofertas se torna particularmente difcil de ser elaborada por essas audincias. Neste sentido, este estudo objetivou a elaborao de uma escala para medir a imagem corporativa de uma agncia do Banco do Brasil S.A. A pesquisa se caracteriza como quanti-qualitativa. Para alcance dos objetivos estipulados foram definidos os seguintes procedimentos metodolgicos: (i) anlise da validade de contedo para checar se as variveis utilizadas no modelo so de fato indicadores confiveis para medir a imagem bancria; (ii) anlise exploratria de dados, por meio de estatstica descritiva e anlise fatorial exploratria, para identificar as variveis latentes do modelo; (iii) anlise da fiabilidade da escala (Alfa de Cronbach). Como resutados, foi possvel perceber o relevante impacto que a dimenso segurana, formada pelas variveis (a) segurana nos depsitos, (b) segurana aos dados pessoais dos clientes, (c) segurana nas transaes, (d) reputao e (e) reputao melhor do que a concorrncia, causa na determinao da imagem bancria da Agncia Esperana, do Banco do Brasil S.A. Como concluses, verificou-se que a escala de imagem corporativa bancria revelada a partir de um conjunto de associaes: 20 (vinte) variveis agrupadas em cinco dimenses (segurana, contato pessoal, servios oferecidos, identidade e poltica de financiamento).
Devo, não Nego, Pago Quando Puder: Uma Análise dos Antecedentes do Endividamento do Consumidor
Authors: Figueira Rebeca Formiga , Pereira Rita de Cassia De Faria
Published: November 2014

Estudos de marketing e sociedade com a finalidade de compreender a questo do endividamento mostram-se relevantes quando contribuem efetivamente na conservao financeira do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu analisar os fatores condicionantes do endividamento do consumidor. Para tanto, foram investigados os seguintes constructos: atitude frente ao dinheiro, atitude com carto de crdito, autocontrole, compra compulsiva, compra impulsiva e propenso ao endividamento. Por ser uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo, procedeu-se a anlise estatstica descritiva, psicomtrica e a anlise multivariada de modelagem de equaes estruturais (SEM). A amostra foi de 301 respondentes, com aplicao na internet pela Plataforma Googledocs. Verificou-se a aceitao da hiptese que trata da influncia direta da atitude com carto de crdito na propenso ao endividamento. Indica-se a necessidade das aes de marketing voltadas a auxiliar os consumidores quanto ao uso e regulamentos do carto de crdito.
The genus Coreomyces Thaxter (Laboulbeniales) in Poland
Authors: Majewski Tomasz
Published: November 2014

Three species of fungi from the genus Ceroemyces: C. macropus Th., C. arcuatus Th. and C. italicus Speg. werefound on aconsiderable number of Corixidae from the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and from the author's collection. The first two species have not yet been encountered in Europe. Their descriptions, drawings and stations in Poland and some other East European countries are given.
Macromycetes of beech forests within the eastern part of the Fagus area in Europe
Authors: Lisiewska Maria
Published: November 2014

This work presents the author's view on the habitat if individual forest communities based on the fungi she has collected and gives a comparison of the mycoflora of beech forest in Poland and in south and central Europe. The beech forest were studied by the phytosociological method. Fruit bodies occurring on the soil, in the litter and on rotten wood were studied.
Peronospora galligena Blumer - new for Poland species of down mildew
Authors: Kućmierz J.
Published: November 2014

The author present species new for mycoflora of Poland. This materials was collected in Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and in Pieniny Montains (Western Carpations).
Validating diagnoses of some previously described Laboulbenials
Authors: Balzauc J.
Published: November 2014

Diagnoses of 15 species of Laboulbeniales: these new taxa having previously been described in French language without any Latin diagnose could not, up to date, be accepted as valid.
Fungi occurring in forests injured by industrial air pollutants in Silesia and Cracow Industrial Regions. I. An attempt to estimate the occurrence of Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. from signs on pine needles in the litter
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz , Budnik Maria
Published: November 2014

An investigation was carried out on the occurrence of the fungus Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chév. in pine stands and which were in highly industrialized areas with a high level of toxic air pollutants. The basis for estimating the occurrence were the signs of this pathogen on dead pine needles in the litter. In all 57 thousand needles from 57 pine stands of different age were analysed.
Fungi occurring in forests injured by industrial air pollutants in Silesia and Cracow Industrial Regions. II. Fungi isolated from infection spots on living Scotch pine needles
Authors: Kowalski Tadeusz , Budnik Maria
Published: November 2014

Fungi of Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes occurring in summer 1973 within living and partly brown one-year-old Scotch pine needles are given in this paper.
Biochemiluminescence of certain fungi
Authors: Sławiński Janusz , Sławińska Danuta , Majchrowicz Irena
Published: November 2014

Twelve species of fungi growing on the Sabouraud medium in darkness and illumination in an incubator, were tested to find out their ability to emit the ultra-weak biochemiluminescence. Using a sensitive photon-counling device, it was possible to measure biochemiluminescence intensity during ten days of cultures growth. Boletus edulis, Pestalotia funerea and Microsporum gypseum displayed biochemiluminescence, while Aspergillus nidulans, A. quadrilineatus, Beauveria bassiana, Macrophoma candollei, Mucor lausanensis, Paecilomyces farinosus, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma lignorum and Tricholoma equestre failed to do it. Illumination put down biochemiluminescence and stimulated colour formation in both mycelia and in the medium.
Laboulbeniales from Poland parasitizing on semi-aquatic insects
Authors: Sarna Anna , Milewska Jolanta
Published: November 2014

In this study, a new species of Coleoptera parasites (Hydrophilomyces limnebii sp. n. on Limnebius aluta and L. truncatellus) and new subspecies (Rhynchophoromyces anacaenae Scheloske ssp. nasutellus ssp. n. on Anacaena limbata) are described. The localities of three species new in Poland are given.
Occurrence of fungi from the genus Cryptococcus in diseases internal organs of the Greenland halibut
Authors: Widera Leonard , Trenkner Ewa
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish if in the diseased internal organs of the Greenland halibut - mainly liver and kidney - it is possible to find Cryptococcus fungi and of the presence of these fungi corresponds with the pathologic changes in these organs. The incidence of Cryptococcus fung in the aquens of Labrador and New Founland in see fishes may be an index of these organismes in the sea water. Psychrophilie Cryptococci were found in the kidneys and livers of Greenland halibut caught in these regions. The presence may be correlated with the pathological changes found in these organs.
The communities of fungi occurring in the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and red clover with cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivations on the lowland
Authors: Truszkowska Wanda , Kalińska Barbara
Published: November 2014

Knowledge of fungal communities within cultures of clover planted into barley and clover with cocksfoot grass may be used to evaluate the antiphytopathogenic potential of the environment. Observation of the lack of common pathogenic fungi and the sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum populations to agroecological conditions indicates the possibility of influencing the healthiness of the clover by agrotechnical methods.
Zero Liquid Discharge Project Extends Potable Water Supplies
Authors: Popko Ryan R. , Locke Phillip J. , Greiner Fred J.
Published: November 2014

Diminishing potable water supplies, increasing regulatory restraints, and conservation initiatives have prompted utilities to evaluate and implement the use of alternative water supply sources. One Florida utility implemented a concentrate zero liquid discharge process to achieve water recovery through concentrate treatment.
Scale dependence of entrainment‐mixing mechanisms in cumulus clouds
Authors: Lu Chunsong , Liu Yangang , Niu Shengjie , Endo Satoshi
Published: November 2014

This work empirically examines the dependence of entrainment‐mixing mechanisms on the averaging scale in cumulus clouds using in situ aircraft observations during the Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign. A new measure of homogeneous mixing degree is defined that can encompass all types of mixing mechanisms. Analysis of the dependence of the homogenous mixing degree on the averaging scale shows that, on average, the homogenous mixing degree decreases with increasing averaging scales, suggesting that apparent mixing mechanisms gradually approach from homogeneous mixing to extreme inhomogeneous mixing with increasing scales. The scale dependence can be well quantified by an exponential function, providing first attempt at developing a scale‐dependent parameterization for the entrainment‐mixing mechanism. The influences of three factors on the scale dependence are further examined: droplet‐free filament properties (size and fraction), microphysical properties (mean volume radius and liquid water content of cloud droplet size distributions adjacent to droplet‐free filaments), and relative humidity of entrained dry air. It is found that the decreasing rate of homogeneous mixing degree with increasing averaging scales becomes larger with larger droplet‐free filament size and fraction, larger mean volume radius and liquid water content, or higher relative humidity. The results underscore the necessity and possibility of considering averaging scale in representation of entrainment‐mixing processes in atmospheric models.
What Do People With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Need to Know? An International Consensus List of Essential Statements for Osteoarthritis
Authors: French Simon D. , Bennell Kim L. , Nicolson Philippa J. A. , Hodges Paul W. , Dobson Fiona L. , Hinman Rana S.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To establish priority key messages for patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A Delphi survey and priority pairwise ranking activity was conducted. Participants included 51 OA experts from 13 countries and 9 patients (consumers) living with hip and/or knee OA. During 3 Delphi rounds, the panel of experts and consumers rated recommendations extracted from clinical guidelines and provided additional statements they considered important. When ≥70% of panel members agreed a statement was “essential,” it was retained for the next Delphi round. The final list of essential statements was reviewed by a consumer focus group and statements were modified for clarity if required. Finally, a priority pairwise ranking activity determined the rank order of the list of essential messages.

Results

Eighty‐five experts and 15 consumers were invited to participate; 51 experts and 9 consumers completed round 1 of the Delphi survey, and 43 experts and 8 consumers completed the final priority ranking activity. From an original list of 114 statements, 21 statements were rated as essential. Most statements (n = 17) related to nondrug treatment approaches for OA. Study limitations included that >50% of the panel comprised of physical therapists lead to high rankings of exercise and physical activity statements and also that only English‐language statements were considered.

Conclusion

OA experts and consumers have identified and prioritized 21 key patient messages about OA. These messages may be used to inform the content of consumer educational materials to ensure patients are educated about the most important aspects of OA and its management.
Meta‐Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and Glucocorticoids on Bone Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Trials
Authors: Siu Stephanie , Haraoui Boulos , Bissonnette Robert , Bessette Louis , Roubille Camille , Richer Vincent , Starnino Tara , McCourt Collette , McFarlane Alexandra , Fleming Patrick , Kraft John , Lynde Charles , Gulliver Wayne , Keeling Stephanie , Dutz Jan , Pope Janet E.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To examine the impact of antirheumatic drugs on bone mineral density (BMD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and psoriasis using a systematic review.

Methods

Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Studies were grouped based on disease, treatment, and site of BMD measurement. Change in BMD (ΔBMD) from baseline to end of study was recorded. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of ΔBMD between treatment and controls was standardized for meta‐analyses and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results

Treatment effects on BMD were not the primary outcomes of the trials. Thirteen studies were eligible (11 RA, 2 AS, 0 PsA, and 0 psoriasis). For RA, significantly less hand bone loss was seen with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; SMD ΔBMD 0.33 [95% CI 0.13, 0.53], P = 0.001, I2 = 0%) and glucocorticoids (SMD ΔBMD 0.51 [95% CI 0.20, 0.81], P = 0.001, I2 = 0%). TNFi had no significant effect on lumbar spine and hip BMD. Glucocorticoids were associated with a negative effect on lumbar spine (SMD ΔBMD −0.30 [95% CI −0.55, −0.04], P = 0.02, I2 = 52%), but not hip BMD. For AS, a significant increase in BMD was seen with TNFi at the lumbar spine (SMD ΔBMD 0.96 [95% CI 0.64, 1.27], P < 0.001, I2 = 16%) and hip (SMD ΔBMD 0.38 [95% CI 0.13, 0.62], P = 0.003, I2 = 0%). Data were insufficient to perform meta‐analyses in PsA and psoriasis or for other antirheumatic drugs.

Conclusion

In RA, TNFi and glucocorticoids appeared to attenuate hand bone loss. TNFi did not impact lumbar spine and hip BMD and glucocorticoids had negative effects on lumbar spine and no effect on hip BMD. In AS, TNFi was associated with improved lumbar spine and hip BMD.