bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECOMBINANT VECTOR PBSU PROVIDES A HIGH LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF B. THURINGIENSIS PHOSPHOLIPASE C IN B. MOJAVENSIS CELLS
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Merkuleva Yu.A. , Kolosova E.A. , Shcherbakov D.N. ,   State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo
Published: November 2023

A recombinant plasmid pBSU-PLC containing the B. thuringiensis phospholipase C gene has been developed. Expression of the target genes in this vector is under the control of the strong synthetic Pgrac promoter. B. mojavensis cells were transformed with the resulting recombinant plasmid. The obtained recombinant strain was used for experimental production of recombinant B. thuringiensis phospholipase C in the pilot cycle of cultivation. As a result of the fermentation cycle, with successive transfer from a 15-liter fermenter to a 250-liter one, an enzyme was obtained with high activity after 13 hours of cultivation.
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MULTI-PURPOSE COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON LEVAN POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Novokuptsev N.V. , Revin V.V.
Published: November 2023

The actual direction today is the production of a biopolymer in the form of microbial levan exopolysaccharide as a result of the cultivation of the producer strain and the production of multi-purpose biocomposite materials that meet high modern requirements, environmental, physico-mechanical, structural and consumer properties.
MAGNETIC NANOHYBRIDS OF MIXED IRON OXIDE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE FOR TARGETED DOXORUBICIN DELIVERY
Authors:   Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Popova V.K. , Dmitrienko E.V.
Published: November 2023

This work is aimed at obtaining and studying the properties of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) and their composites with mixed iron oxide less than 200 nm in size. High binding efficiency of NPs with doxorubicin and nucleic acids, as well as pH-dependent degradation profile of drug interaction were demonstrated. The PMs have no toxic effect, and their doxorubicin-bound version is not inferior in efficacy to the individual drug.
LYTIC ENZYMES OF STREPTOCOCCI: POSSIBILITIES OF USING
Authors:   Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Konstantinova S.V. , Boksha I. S. , Lunin V. G. , Danilova T. A. , Poponova M. S. , Lyashchuk A. M. , Galushkina Z. M. , Ustenko E. V. ,   Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow
Published: November 2023

Pathogenic streptococci synthesize enzymes that cleave human IgG: Streptococcus pyogenes synthesizes IdeS, and S. zooepidemicus — IdeZ. We have produced recombinant IdeS and IdeZ, the properties and activity of which are identical to those of the enzymes described in literature. The specificity of IgG cleavage with recombinant IdeS and IdeZ has been confirmed by mass spectrometry. The possibility of using recombinant IdeS and IdeZ in medicine, veterinary medicine and biotechnology has been shown
PROTOTYPE OF A MICRODROPLET CHEMICAL REACTOR
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint Petersburg, Kuleshov D. O. , Gromov I. A. , Dyachenko A. A. ,   Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg,   Microdroplet Technologies, LLC, Saint Petersburg
Published: November 2023

A new method of chemical synthesis based on carrying out of chemical reactions in microdroplets is currently being actively developed. Low productivity of microdroplet chemical synthesis is the main obstacle for its practical use. A prototype of a microdroplet chemical reactor operating on the basis of electrospray and allowing a significant increase in the productivity of microdroplet chemical synthesis is described in this paper.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF ADJUVANTS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL HANTAVIRUS VACCINE
Authors:   Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products RAS, Moscow, Kurashova S. , Egorova M. , Vetrova A. , Teodorovich R. , Ishmukhametov A. , Tkachenko E. , Dzagurova T. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: November 2023

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a viral non-transmissible zoonosis that occupies a leading position among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. In view of the lack of etiotropic drugs for the treatment of this infection, the development of an effective preventive vaccine is of particular importance. In order to reduce the amount of antigen, increase the immunogenicity and reduce reactogenicity, we studied the adjuvants of various origins in the experimental vaccine against HFRS.
Robotic instruments and machine learning algorithms in ophthalmology
Authors:   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Dmitriev I.N. , Chuprov A.D. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Yartsev I.M. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: November 2023

In recent years, robotic tools and machine learning algorithms have become increasingly popular in ophthalmology. These technologies reduce the risk of errors during surgical procedures and improve treatment outcomes, as well as enable automation. one of the most common robotic systems in ophthalmology is the Femto-laSIK system, which is used to correct vision by changing the shape of the cornea. Machine learning algorithms have also found wide application in ophthalmology. they are used to analyze medical images, such as photographs of the eye or retina scans. These algorithms automatically detect and classify various eye diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. This helps doctors diagnose diseases more quickly and accurately, and prescribe appropriate treatment. One of the most interesting examples of using machine learning algorithms in ophthalmology is the Eyeart system, which is used for automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. This article describes approaches and developments that allow for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, tools for automating cataract treatment using machine learning algorithms and a robotic manipulator. It also describes a digital microscope that enables the use of these technologies in the operating process. Overall, robotic tools and machine learning algorithms have become an integral part of ophthalmology. they improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of errors. the future of ophthalmology is linked to the development of these technologies, which will become increasingly accurate and intelligent. Keywords: robotic tools, machine learning, ophthalmology
Some biochemical changes in the lens during aging
Authors:   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital, Kudryavtseva Y.V. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia
Published: November 2023

The goal is to study some biochemical changes in the lens of rats and humans during aging. Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on 25 rats. We also examined 84 patients with initial nuclear cataract. Results. diverse dynamics of the content of total lipids in the lenses of rats was revealed. There is a noticeable decrease in the content of products of oxidative modification of lipids in the lens tissue between 12 and 24 months and a slight increase in the period from 24 to 36 months. A 2-fold decrease in the content of the total protein level was revealed when comparing groups of 5 months and 36 months and an increase in total protein content with age. When comparing the parameters of oxidative degradation, cl in the lens tissue of rats and humans with age, similar indicators of dynamics were obtained. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate changes in the parameters of lipids and proteins in the lens tissue of rats during postnatal ontogenesis. The fact that there is a balance between damage and protection of proteins in the transparent lens was revealed. When comparing data on protein oxidation in the lens tissue of rats and humans with age, similar indicators were obtained. Keywords: lens, aging, biochemical changes
The role of Δ-9-desaturase in cataractogenesis
Authors:   N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health, Orenburg, Chuprov A.D. ,   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Kazakova T.V. ,   Orenburg State University, Orenburg,   FGBNU «Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Orenburg, Marshinskaia O.V. ,   Orenburg State University, Orenburg,   FGBNU «Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Orenburg
Published: November 2023

Cataract is one of the most common eye diseases and one of the leading causes of blindness in the world, along with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. In this regard, understanding the molecular mechanism of lens pathology may be useful for the development of alternative treatments and the creation of new drugs that can delay the development of this disease. Aim. To study the content of Δ-9-desaturase and macroelements in the lenses of the eyes against the background of cataract development. Material and methods. The study was conducted on mature male Wistar rats (n = 40), from which two groups were formed: control and experimental. animals of the experimental group modeled age-related cataract using ultraviolet irradiation for 6 months. On the 2nd and 6th month of the experiment, eye lenses were taken to assess the level of desaturases by enzyme immunoassay; macronutrients by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Results. At the stage of initial and mature cataracts, the level of Δ-9-desaturase in the lenses of the eyes of laboratory animals was lower than in intact animals by 53% (p ≤ 0.05) and 53.3% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. With the progression of cataracts, a violation of macronutrient homeostasis was observed, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of ca and na against the background of a decrease in K, mg and p in the lenses of the eyes. Conclusions. The decrease in the concentration of stearyl-coenzyme-a-desaturase in the lenses of the eyes of laboratory animals during the development of cataracts is of a local protective and compensatory nature, aimed at increasing the “rigidity” of cell membranes against the background of an increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the activity of the antioxidant system. Such a change in the properties of cell membranes leads to a violation of their functional abilities, in particular, permeability, and, as a result, disruption of macronutrient homeostasis. Keywords: eye lens, cataract, Δ-9-desaturase, fatty acids, macronutrients
Inherited retinal dystrophies associated with ABCA4 mutation
Authors:   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Chuprov A.D. , Pidodniy E.A. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: November 2023

АBСА4-associated inheredited retinal dystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of more often autosomal recessive hereditary diseases. АBСА4 mutation in 80 % of cases is the cause of Stargardt’s disease, fundus albipunctatus, but there are other phenotypes similar to retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod retinal dystrophies. Active development of targeted and gene therapy for АBСА4 demands a more thorough identification of patients with this mutation, and the clinical polymorphism of this group of inheredited retinal dystrophies necessitates genetic analysis for a correct clinical and genetic diagnosis. Keywords: ABCA4-associated retinopathies, Stargardt’s dystrophy, type 3 retinal cone-rod dystrophy, type 39 retinitis pigmentosa, fundus albipunctatus
Progression signs of retinal disease used to increase the validity of an artificial intelligence-based medical decision support system
Authors:   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Chuprov A.D. , Bolodurina I.P. ,   Orenburg State University, Lositskiy A.O. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Zhigalov A.Y. ,   Orenburg State University, Subkhankulova A.R. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Iserkepova A.M. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Pligina O.V. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: November 2023

Purpose is to determine the most significant diagnostic signs of retinal disease progression, which are used to increase the validity of the medical decision support system (mdSS) for describing oct images using the method of an expert survey. Material and methods. An expert analysis of the binary signs used in mdSS when describing the oct image of the macular area was carried out: each sign was assessed in terms of the development of the pathological process, the need for telemedicine consultation and (or) referral of patients to a medical organization. The expert method included a survey of 15 ophthalmologists with the necessary qualifications. the experts were asked to rank on a ten-point scale 123 binary signs used by mdSS to form a conclusion about the need for referral to an ophthalmological department for specialized medical care. Results and discussion. The conducted expert survey showed a similar understanding of the signs obtained in the description of retina oct image, which can be used as predictors of the deterioration of the clinical course of the disease in patients with a previously diagnosed diagnosis. If there are signs identified as predictors of the pathological process, mdSS offers to go to the portal «telemedical system of remote consultations of the federal and regional levels» (https://fcmk.minzdrav.gov.ru/), upload the received documents to receive advice on patient routing. Conclusion. The established list of diagnostic features allowed to increase the validity of mdSS in terms of substantiating the conclusion about the need to refer the patient for a consultation with an ophthalmologist to resolve the issue of providing timely specialized medical care. this mdSS can be used as an information service in the work of specialists with higher medical education, a certificate of a medical specialist in the field of «ophthalmology», helps to structure data when uploading to an existing portal of telemedicine consultations. Keywords: retinal diseases, OCT, medical decision support system, signs of disease progression
Particularidades en el conocimiento de la biología del género Sphoeroides y Lagocephalus del golfo de México
Authors: Navarro Flores Jaime , May Tec Ana Luisa
Published: November 2023

The order Tetraodontiforme has the puffer fish, known scientifically under the genera Sphoeroides and Lagocephalus, they are among the most fascinating and enigmatic marine creatures. They inhabit marine, estuarine, and even freshwater bodies of tropical regions. Currently this order is represented by 105 genera and 435 species. Pufferfish have the fascinating ability to increase their body size by ingesting water or air, to avoid being preyed on. Pufferfish have an annual reproductive cycle with spawning peaks during the warmer months, considering temperature and salinity as optimal conditions. The genus Sphoeroides and Lagocephalus are considered omnivorous with a preference for a carnivorous diet. What makes them fish rich in high quality protein, fatty acids Ω3. In addition to containing essential minerals and vitamins. However, these fishes have neurotoxin, such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) which is often fatal to humans when consumed. But these toxins have pharmaceutical potential, due to their ability to block sodium channels, they are used to treat pain in patients with terminal cancer or as an analgesic and even to control opioid addictions. In contrast, aquaculture for these species, particularly for Lagocephalus laevigatus, is presented as a great opportunity, since the cultivation of these species under controlled conditions can avoid toxicity that it presents in its intestine, which could make it more attractive for consumption human, it also contributes to the conservation of the species and food security in the demand for protein.
Keywords: Puffer fish, Tetraodontiform, Tetrodotoxin, Tetraodontidae
Implementation of a Real Time PCR protocol coupled with melting curve analysis for evaluating the clonality of the lymphocyte population in dogs
Authors: Pricop Lavinia , Codreanu Mario-Darius
Published: November 2023

Genetic testing represents a major asset for discriminating between normal antigenic stimulation of B or T cells and malignant, pathological findings. The main difference between those two situations is the heterogenicity of lymphocyte populations as a result of diverse antigenic stimulation for the first situation, compared to single and identical population (clones) for the second situation. The present paper describes one of the many genetic assays capable of discriminating between normal and malignant, characterized by low time-to-result interval, accuracy, simplicity, and low cost comparing to other tests.
Ensuring the technological independence of oil and gas companies using patent analytics on the example of companies producing liquefied natural gas
Authors: Volkov A. T. , Shepelev R. E.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes technological development of the oil and gas industry in Russian Federation under international sanctions, as well as the directions of technology development and equipment production. The article purpose is to identify ways to achieve technological sovereignty in the industry. Patent statistics and construction of patent landscapes is considered as a method of choosing the direction of technological development. The study object is Russian oil and gas companies, while the main attention is paid to companies producing and distributing liquefied natural gas. The study subject is application of patent statistics for identifying trends and directions of technological development of the industry. The study result is determination of industry leaders, and the most promising areas of research in the field of means and methods of liquefied natural gas transportation, methods of its liquefaction or curing, as well as storage equipment. The article draws conclusions about the most promising technologies and patent trends, such as the creation of mobile plants for production of liquefied natural gas , including the construction of its own fleet of gas carriers and floating plants for the gas liquefaction to provide access to the infrastructure of offshore fields. In addition, for rapid development of new markets, the use of floating terminals for regasification is proposed. Approaches to assessing the innovation activity and competitiveness of companies have been considered.
Specifics of consumer behavior in modern Russia
Authors: Anikin O. B. , Makhonina V. S.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the change in consumer behavior in the conditions of the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of the Covid-19 virus, as well as due to the aggravation of the international political situation caused by the start of a special military operation of the Russia in February 2022. These circumstances demonstrate the relevance of the study. The main purpose of the article is to identify the behavior features of the national consumer in the conditions of changing economic and foreign policy situation at the present stage. Particular attention is paid to the concept consideration of “consumer behavior” from the point of view of classical and neoclassical approaches. The article analyzes the behavior of consumers and examines the factors determining its change. The specifics of consumer behavior in the period from 2020 to 2023 are revealed. The importance of studying this topic at the present time is substantiated, as well as possible directions for changing consumer behavior and the work specifics of Russian companies in modern conditions are determined.
Ensuring competitiveness in the XXI century: development of organizational skills in the conditions of the Internet economy
Authors: Madyarov A. A.
Published: November 2023

The relevance of this study is related to the ongoing changes in the general context and the need to study the sources of competitive advantage in the XXI century. The systematization of goal-setting methods as criteria for the quality of management and the development of organizational abilities is of particular importance in the context of the formation of the Internet economy. To prepare this publication, the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners were used as a theoretical basis. The main method of research is the analysis of sources that reveal the practical features of the development of organizational abilities in the conditions of the formation of the information society. It is revealed that ensuring competitiveness based on organizational abilities correlates with the formation of more innovative development mechanisms. It is noted that the traditional thinking of management can lead to a mismatch of the strategy of the organization and its environment, making it difficult to implement the strategic process.In conclusion, the article presents the main results and formulates brief conclusions of the study, emphasizing the importance of continuing the study of management practices of the XXI century.
Functioning features of the labor market in St. Petersburg
Authors: Musinova N. N.
Published: November 2023

The rapid changes (global, technological, economic) currently taking place in all spheres of life and creating uncertainty affect the dynamics of the number of marriages, divorces, birth rates, mortality, etc. Such changes transform the established types of employment and labor relations, generally affecting the labor market. In this regard, the basis for the existence of the labor market in the modern economy is a constant shortage of qualified labor supply. It is the shortage of workers of a certain quality and professionalism that causes the presence of unemployment in society. In addition, the domestic labor market has been affected by the coronavirus pandemic and Western sanctions in recent years. The article is devoted to the study of the most important aspects of the functioning of the modern labor market in St. Petersburg, the main problems of its development are diagnosed and the ways to solve them are determined.
Forming consumer loyalty of scientific and technical information: the results of a study
Authors: Timokhovich A. N. , Samokhodkin E. V. , Elzon A. A.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study aimed at identifying the features of forming the consumers’ loyalty of scientific and technical information. The scientific work is based on data collected through in-depth interviews among employees of the Department of Long-term Planning and Marketing Research of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as analysis of registration questionnaires of clients used to access scientific and technical information. The existing strategies and practices of forming customer loyalty are considered in the context of ensuring effective access to scientific and technical information. The authors identify a number of key principles of work on the formation of consumer loyalty, based on the results of the study: the principle of transparency and trust; the principle of relevance; the principle of accessibility; the principle of personalization; the principle of interaction and feedback. The article presents various aspects affecting the formation of consumer loyalty. Attention is focused on such aspects as the quality of information, its relevance, accessibility and usability. Based on the identified aspects and their impact on the formation of loyalty, the authors have developed recommendations for improving strategies and practices of loyalty formation. The recommendations are intended for organizations generating and distributing scientific and technical information, aimed at strengthening their competitiveness in the information services market. The article identifies potential areas for further research, including a deeper analysis of the needs of specific categories of consumers, as well as the development of specialized methods for forming and maintaining the loyalty of various user groups.
Innovative methods of evaluating the counterparty during the organization internal control
Authors: Kirova E. A. , Perminova T. V.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the key issues of internal control measures when choosing a counterparty during the formation of an innovative economy. The purpose of the study is to develop indicators characterizing the counterparty, as well as an innovative risk matrix used when choosing a counterparty and allowing to identify risks and visually represent the characteristics of the counterparty. To achieve this goal of the article, the following tasks were solved: indicators of economic stability and information support used when choosing a counterparty were proposed; An innovative risk matrix and risk assessment criteria have been developed that allow the organization to objectively assess the counterparty and conclude contracts on the principles of economic validity, reliability and integrity, significantly reducing economic risks. As a result of the conducted research, innovative methods of assessing the counterparty are proposed, which provide an opportunity to obtain its objective characteristics before concluding a business agreement, as well as to rank tax risks. The article uses the methods of a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of expert assessments.
Improving the international competitiveness of universities in the global digital space
Authors: Bondarenko V. V. , Taisheva K. S. , Tampey T. V. , Penzina D. P.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the competitiveness concept of universities, presented by modern researchers. The most important factors of increasing the international competitiveness of universities in the global digital space are identified and analyzed. The internationalization importance of teaching personnel and student staff, as well as the introduction of international practices using digital technologies into the universities educational programs’ is established. The results of a sociological survey of students in Russian higher educational institutions are presented. The factors that have the greatest influence on the choice of university and educational program by students are determined. The attitude of students to gaining international learning experience in the digital educational space has been studied and practice-oriented recommendations for improving the international competitiveness of universities have been prepared. In addition, foreign policy factors influencing the intensity of international activity of Russian higher education institutions were taken into account when making recommendations.
Capital flow management as a tool for ensuring financial stability
Authors: Kuznetsova V. V. , Larina O. I.
Published: November 2023

The article relevance is determined by the existing discussions among economists and practitioners about the advantages, disadvantages and consequences of the use of control over the cross-border movement of capital. The subject of the article is the study of the permissibility of the systematic use of capital control measures (“Capital Control”, control over cross-border capital movement, including restrictions on cross-border transactions; a complete or partial ban on currency exchange operations; introduction of restrictions on foreign investments in national assets or on national investments in foreign assets, etc.) to maintain the stability of the national financial system. The purpose of the article is to analyze opinions and factual data on the application of measures to control the cross-border movement of capital, systematization of the possible consequences of this tool for Russia. Based on the analysis of empirical data, country analysis and documents of the International Monetary Fund, the authors have compiled a classification of capital control measures, identified their main groups, identified the reasons for their use, and systematized the advantages and disadvantages of using such measures. The authors conclude that depending on the motives of the regulator, there may be different approaches to the application of capital control measures. The use of the results of this study may be useful for regulators of the Russian financial market, since capital control measures are in force in Russia.
Arctic multiuniversity: “Polar bank” of Russia’s intellectual capital in the context of modern threats and risks
Authors: Rodionov A. S. , Vishnyakova S. P. , Vishnyakov Ya. D.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of transformation of the domestic educational space of the knowledge economy of the digital socio-economic structure considering modern threats and risks. The study purpose is to form and substantiate the author’s system paradigm of network multiuniversitates for training personnel in the interests of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russia and ensuring national security of the country. The authors substantiate the need for an interdisciplinary and practice-oriented transition to a multi-university network organization of universities for the sustainable development of human resources in Russia. The problematic issues that require special attention and urgent resolution in the field of personnel training for the sustainable development of the Arctic region are identified. The conceptual-theoretical and scientific-methodological foundations of the transformation of the domestic educational space in the interests of harmonization of relations between the market and the state, the individual and society are presented. As an object of the field experiment, it is proposed to create an Arctic multiuniversity as a “Polar Bank” of Russia’s intellectual capital. If the proposed field experiment is successful, the accumulated experience can be spread throughout Russia as an example of recreating the science cities of the digital knowledge economy. The authors used general and particular methods of unity research in contrast to natural sciences and humanities. The research methodology is based on the key provisions of risk theory, the theory of eco-oriented innovative development, taking into account the ecological imperative of technological development.
Phase segregation and nanoconfined fluid O2 in a lithium-rich oxide cathode
Authors: McColl Kit , Coles Samuel W. , Zarabadi–Poor Pezhman , Morgan Benjamin J. , Islam M. Saiful
Published: November 2023

Lithium-rich oxide cathodes lose energy density during cycling due to atomic disordering and nanoscale structural rearrangements, both of which are challenging to characterise. Here, we resolve the kinetics and thermodynamics of these processes in an exemplar layered Li-rich cathode, Li1.2–xMn0.8O2 by using a combined approach of ab initio molecular dynamics and cluster-expansion-based Monte Carlo simulations. We identify a kinetically accessible and thermodynamically favoured mechanism to form O2 molecules in the bulk, involving Mn migration and driven by interlayer oxygen dimerisation. At the top of charge the bulk structure locally phase-segregates into MnO2-rich regions and Mn-deficient nanovoids, which contain O2 molecules as a nanoconfined fluid. These nanovoids are connected in a percolating network, potentially allowing long-range oxygen transport, and linking bulk O2 formation to surface O2 loss. These insights highlight the importance of future strategies to kinetically stabilise the bulk structure of Li-rich O-redox cathodes to maintain their high energy densities.
Depth-dependent Transformation of ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles in Sulfate-reducing Sediments Tracked using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Stetten Lucie , Kägi Ralf , Hofmann Thilo , von der Kammer Frank
Published: November 2023

Studies on the transformation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) under relevant environmental exposure scenarios are scarce. In this context, we investigated the use of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grids to expose minute amounts of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) to artificial and natural aqueous media and follow their transformation using scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Short-term experiments conducted with inorganic sulfides confirmed the potential of using TEM grids to monitor the transformation of ENMs at the single particle level. After 30 min, Ag NPs transformed into Ag-sulfides, with Ag:S ratios ≈ 2:1, while ZnO NPs showed little evidence of Zn-sulfides precipitation after 6 hours. Ag NPs and ZnO NPs were also exposed to depth-dependent pore water concentration gradients in freshwater sediment columns. After three days and four weeks, all the Ag NPs observed were transformed into Ag-sulfides with various morphologies and Ag:S ratios, depending on the depth and duration of the exposure. Furthermore, a depth-dependent transformation was observed for ZnO NPs. At low sulfide concentration, in the first millimeters below the water-sediment interface, ZnO NPs were completely transformed into ZnS harboring empty shell structures, together with smaller particles in their vicinity. By contrast, ZnO cores persisted in the deeper layers, indicating that ZnO NPs dissolution was inhibited at high sulfide concentrations. Our results demonstrate the advantage of experimental and analytical strategies adapted to study the transformation of ENMs under environmentally relevant conditions, to unravel transformation rates and products not yet considered in risk assessment studies.
Conical Intersection Accessibility Dictates Brightness in Red Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Pieri Elisa , Walker Alice R. , Zhu Mingning , Martínez Todd J.
Published: November 2023

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) variants are highly sought after for in-vivo imaging since longer wavelengths improve depth and contrast in fluorescence imaging. However, the lower energy emission wavelength usually correlates with a lower fluorescent quantum yield than their green emitting counterparts. To guide the rational design of bright variants, we have theoretically assessed two variants (mScarlet and mRouge) which are reported to have very different brightness. Using an α-CASSCF QM/MM framework (chromophore and all protein residues within 6 Å of it in the QM region, for a total of more than 450 QM atoms), we identify key points on the ground and first excited state potential energy surfaces. The brighter variant mScarlet has a rigid scaffold, and the chromophore stays largely planar on the ground state. The dimmer variant mRouge shows more flexibility and can accommodate a pre-twisted chromophore conformation which provides easier access to conical intersections. The main difference between the variants lies in the intersection seam regions, which appear largely inaccessible in mScarlet but partially accessible in mRouge. This observation is mainly related with changes in the cavity charge distribution, the hydrogen-bonding network involving the chromophore and a key ARG/THR mutation (which changes both charge and steric hindrance).
Catalytic Antioxidant Activity of Two Diterpenoid Polyphenols of Rosemary, Carnosol and Isorosmanol, against Lipid Oxidation in the Presence of Cysteine Thiol
Authors: Higashino Hayate , Karatsu Asuka , Masuda Toshiya
Published: November 2023

Lamiaceae herbs such as rosemary have excellent antioxidant properties, and lipidic diterpenoid constituents, such as carnosol, are known as characteristic components to exhibit strong antioxidant activity. This study investigates the effect of thiol compounds on the antioxidant properties of diterpenoid polyphenols. The results concerning the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in the presence of thiol showed that two polyphenols, namely carnosol and isorosmanol, enhanced antioxidant capacity against the radical-induced oxidation of lipids. Further examination of the mechanism revealed that both polyphenols exhibit excellent catalytic antioxidant activity by using the thiol group as a reduction source. Using density functional theory calculations, we attempted to explain why only these two polyphenols exhibit catalytic antioxidant properties. The calculation results and the assumed reaction mechanism suggested that the orthoquinones produced in the antioxidant reactions of carnosol and isorosmanol are more unstable than the others, and that the regioselectivity of their reactions with thiols contributes to their catalytic antioxidant properties.
Federal Reserve Balance-Sheet Policy in an Ample Reserves Framework: An Inventory Approach
Authors: Haubrich Joseph G.
Published: November 2023

I apply techniques from stochastic inventory theory to calibrate the optimal balance-sheet buffer needed to implement monetary policy in an ample reserves regime. I quantify the size of the buffer to be about $60 billion. This is small relative to the reserves needed for an ample reserves regime, even though the FOMC appears to act as if the cost of too few reserves is over 20 times as high as the cost of too many.
Development of intellectual abilities of preschool children by means of STEM education
Authors: Dotsenko Svitlana
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of intellectual abilities of preschool children. It is determined that intellectual development is understood as a set of quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in the cognitive mental processes of a child under the influence of the child’s environment and own experience. The core of intellectual development is mental abilities. It is emphasized that the devel- opment of intellectual abilities occurs in various types of preschoolers’ activities: play, construction, and learning activities.

The influence of STEM education on the development of preschool children’s intellectual abilities is investigated. It is proved that the use of STEM education contributes to the creation of a model of educational environment for the development of prerequisites for scientific and technical creativity and intellectual activity of preschoolers, variability of the content of the educational process in the group, which makes it possible to take initiative and independence in various activities.

To achieve this goal, such research methods as analysis and generalization of philosophical and psychological-pedagogical literature, state documents on preschool education were used to determine the terminological field of the study. The classification and generalization of existing practical developments and own pedagogical experience in the implementaƟon of STEM education in the educational process of preschool education institutions are applied.

Eﬀective methods and means for the development of students’ intellectual abilities are substantiated: robotics, construction, mental arithmetic, logical tasks, experiments, research, etc. It has been established that STEM educaƟon has a positive impact on the development of a child’s cognitive processes: perception, memory, thinking, speech, imagination. The need to create appropriate curricula, laboratories, and centers for the development of STEM skills in preschoolers is emphasized.
Organization of the educational process of future specialists in graphic design using digital technologies
Authors: Yefimenko Olena
Published: November 2023

Today we live in the era of global digitalization of society. The rapid development of technologies and digitalization captures an ever-increasing spectrum of human activity, including educational and creative areas. Digitazation is rethinking approaches to the organization of the educational process, creative and project activities at the global level. Digital technologies should be understood as one of the tools in design activity in contemporary art, as well as an area for creaƟng immaterial virtual products.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the impact of digital technologies on the organizaƟon of the educational process of graphic design specialists.

Materials and methods. To achieve the research goal, a set of theoreƟcal methods was used: analysis and generalizaƟon of scienƟfic and methodical sources for theoretical substantiation of research problems, modeling, and synthesis of the obtained data.

Research results. The main goal of design educaƟon is the formaƟon of a qualified specialist, a person capable of mastering cultural experience and modern technologies, including digital ones. Design is a special type of activity in which innovative methods of project soluƟons and modern digital technologies are widely used and developed. Thus, the level of technological development and digitalization today is more than ever stimulating the development and promotion of design education.

Digitazation promotes the introducƟon of webinars and video conferences into the educational process, it has changed the form and type of organization, as well as the availability of educational materials. Interactive media resources and digital technologies are increasingly used in modern design education.

As with any evolving system, digitazation has a number of disadvantages and advantages. On the one hand, the development of digitalization gives designers an unlimited field for creativity and work. On the other hand, a number of problems and diﬃculties appear. For example, changes in the form of organization of work with the audience, including features and diﬀerences of physical objects and their digital copies, copyright, etc.
From Compliance to Play: Enhancement of Phonemic Awareness Through Play-Based Learning Activities in Kindergarten
Authors: Tipan Dyezabel B.
Published: November 2023

Phonemic awareness is a skill that begins developing from birth and continues to develop throughout a child’s early years. In the context of 21st-century learning, there is a growing demand for students to establish a solid foundation in this skill during their early developmental stages. Despite the recognized importance of phonemic awareness, there have been instances of low achievement in this area. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating play-based activities on improving phonemic awareness in kindergarten learners. The variables examined within phonemic awareness include letter sound fluency, blending, and segmenting. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design and utilized purposive sampling. A total of 20 kindergarten learners from Tangway Loob Elementary School participated in the study. The primary instruments for data collection were pre-tests and post-tests. The findings revealed that, before the implementation of play-based activities, kindergarten learners had a mean phonemic awareness score of 42.58, interpreting a moderate level of awareness. After the intervention, the learners attained a mean of 56.53, also interpreted as a moderate level of awareness. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in letter sound fluency and blending skills between the pre-test and post-test assessments. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of segmenting. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of incorporating play-based activities in enhancing the phonemic awareness of kindergarten learners. It is recommended that these activities be integrated into instructional practices to further develop phonemic skills, which serve as a crucial foundation for more advanced literacy skills.
Cuidados integrales de enfermería en el manejo de tubo endotraqueal
Authors: Chimborazo Chimborazo Gloria Alicia , Chimborazo Chimborazo Jessica Lucia
Published: November 2023

El paciente con intubación endotraqueal necesita una serie de cuidados integrales de calidad, orientadas a la evolución de su recuperación y a la prevención de complicaciones, tales como la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica. Estos cuidados son dispensados por el personal de enfermería, los cuales deben velar y proporcionar el mayor grado de bienestar y comodidad, así como los cuidados de la más alta calidad asistencial al paciente. En consecuencia, el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en plasmar los diferentes cuidados integrales de enfermería en el manejo de tubo endotraqueal. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación es una revisión bibliográfico – documental, apoyado por diversas bases de datos, para la obtención de información relevante en base al tema de estudio. Entre los cuidados generales que debe brindar el profesional de la enfermería al paciente intubado se encuentran: monitorizar las constantes vitales y evitar las complicaciones, entre ellas, los procesos infecciosos. Más específicamente, los cuidados integrales abarcan la humidificación, aspiración de secreciones, higiene de la cavidad oral, comprobación, fijación y cambio de posición del tubo endotraqueal, movilización y acompañamiento del paciente, alimentación y monitorización de sus funciones vitales. Es fundamental que el profesional de esta área, se encuentre capacitado y en constante actualización.
Бисоксалатоиридиевая кислота – новый редкий пример кристаллической комплексной кислоты с катионом H5O2+ , и её натриевая соль
Authors: Зайцева Т.В. , Задесенец А.В. , Филатов Е.Ю. , Сухих А.С. , Коренев С.В.
Published: November 2023

Синтезированы новые координационные соединения – дигидрат транс-бис(оксалато)диакваиридата(III) натрия Na[Ir(H2O)2(C2O4)2]·2H2O и транс-бис(оксалато)диакваиридиевая кислота H5O2[Ir(H2O)2(C2O4)2]. Вещества охарактеризованы методами рентгеноструктурного и рентгенофазового анализа, инфракрасной спектроскопии. Кристаллографические данные для Na[Ir(H2O)2(C2O4)2]·2H2O: пространственная группа P-1, a = 5.2456(7) Å, b = 6.4999(8) Å, c = 8.237(1) Å, α = 98.162(6)°, β = 92.005(6)°, γ = 112.043(4)°, Z = 1. Кристаллографические данные для H5O2[Ir(H2O)2(C2O4)2]: пространственная группа P-1, a = 4.6903(2) Å, b = 6.0053(3) Å, c = 9.1527(5) Å, α = 75.843(2)°, β = 84.270(2)°, γ = 82.413(2)°, Z = 1. Координационная сфера атома иридия имеет геометрию искаженного октаэдра. Структура Na[Ir(H2O)2(C2O4)2]·2H2O по строению схожа со структурами оксалатов двухвалентных металлов состава MC2O4·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Катион Цунделя H5O2+ в транс-бис(оксалато)иридиевой кислоте располагается дискретно.
Doğal yumurta kabuğu kullanılarak reaktif siyah 5 adsorpsiyonunun yapay sinir ağları ile modellenmesi
Authors: ÇİMEN MESUTOĞLU Özgül
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada doğal bir materyal olan doğal yumurta kabuğu (DYK) kullanılarak adsorpsiyon prosesi ile Reaktif Siyah 5 (RS5) boyarmaddesinin sulu çözeltilerden giderimi ve modellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Adsorpsiyon çalışması için pH, başlangıç boyarmadde konsantrasyonu, temas süresi, adsorban miktarı ve sıcaklık parametreleri araştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon deneyleri kesikli sistemle gerçekleştirilmiş olup, optimum şartlar altında (pH 6, 60 dk temas süresi, 0.5 g DYK, 25oC, 150 rpm karıştırma hızı, 400 mg/L başlangıç RS5 konsantrasyonu) yapılan adsorpsiyon çalışmasında %99 giderim verimi elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada izoterm ve kinetik modeller incelenmiştir. Langmuir adsorpsiyon izotermine ve yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modele uyumlu bir adsorpsiyon mekanizması olduğu görülmüştür. DYK’nın RB5’i maksimum adsorplama kapasitesi ise 56.2 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur. RS5 boyarmaddesinin gideriminde deneysel parametrelerin adsorpsiyona etkileri göz önüne alınarak Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) modeli geliştirilmiştir. YSA model analizinden %99’luk bir korelasyon ile çıktı parametresinin tahmin edilebildiği görülmüştür. Böylece DYK’nın sulardan RS5 uzaklaştırılmasında YSA’nın kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.