bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of egg shell calcium treatments on the short-term storage of cut Kimchi cabbage
Authors: Seong Gi-Un , Chung Hun-Sik , Chung Shin-Kyo
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of egg shell calcium treatments on short-term storage of cut Kimchi cabbage. Egg shell ash powder (ESP-2) had the greatest calcium contents. Calcium solubility was greater in citric acid than acetic acid and ascorbic acid. Cut Kimchi cabbages (3×3 cm) were treated with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% egg shell powder (ESP-1), and egg shell ash powder (ESP-2), and 0.5% citric acid, put inside polyethylene (PE) bags, and stored at 5°C for 6 weeks. Weight loss was about 99.85-99.90%, and the ratio was the lowest upon 0.5% ESP-2 treatment (p<0.05). The reduction ratios of soluble solids were 21.3-43.4%, and decreased in the order of 1.0% ESP-2 treatment and 0.5% ESP-1. The L* values decreased, whereas a* and b* values of Hunter colorimetry increased in all treatments. ΔE values were lowest upon 0.5% ESP-2 treatment. 0.5% ESP-2 treatment showed better quality characteristics than other treatments. Thus, egg shell calcium treatments could effectively enhance the shelf-life of cut Kimchi cabbage.
절임배추의 단기 유통 품질지표 평가
Authors: Kim Min-Jung , Song Hye-Yeon , Park Sang-Un , Chun Ho Hyun , Han Eung Soo , Chung Young-Bae
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to provide the quality index of salted Korean cabbage in a short-term distribution system. Salted Korean cabbages were packaged with or without 2% salt water, and then distributed in a conventional system (CVS) and a cold-chain system (CCS) for 6 h. The material temperature of samples with and without salt water gradually increased to 19.57°C and 19.43°C in a CVS, respectively and to 10.73°C and 12.90°C in a CCS, respectively. Salinity of the materials in a CCS did not change, whereas salinities of the materials in a CVS were 1.2 and 1.7 fold higher, respectively. Also, a slight increase in acidity was observed in both packaging materials in a CCS. In the case of a CVS, total aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria increased to 7.62 log CFU/g and 6.77 log CFU/g in the materials with salt water, respectively, whereas the number of total aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria ranged between 5.62-5.85 log CFU/g and 4.33-4.83 log CFU/g in the materials without salt water, respectively. However, significant microbial changes were not observed in a CCS as distribution time increased. CCS with salt water packaging was effective in achieving microbial control and maintaining physicochemical quality. Salinity, aerobic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria can be useful as quality indices for a CVS, and acidity can be useful as quality index for a CCS.
Quality characteristics of beef in thermoelectric cooling system combined with plasma during storage
Authors: Kwon Ki-Hyun , Sung Jung-Min , Kim Ji-Young , Kim Byeong-Sam , Kim So-Hee
Published: August 2017

This study was performed in order to examine the effect of a thermoelectric cooling system combined with plasma on beef. Beef was studied in a box with a thermoelectric cooling system and plasma generation apparatus (TCS-1), a box with thermoelectric cooling system (TCS-2) and a polystyrene box (control). A temperature inside the thermoelectric cooling system was kept below 2°C, and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values of TCS-1 and TCS-2 were 7.72 mg% and 9.20 mg%, respectively. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value (0.52 mgMA/kg) of TCS-1 was significantly lower than that (0.91 mgMA/kg) of TCS-2. For volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value, TCS-1 maintained freshness compared to TCS-2, since the freshness of TCS-1 value (6.98-9.77 mg%) was less than that of TCS-2 (6.98-11.45 mg%) during storage. The microbial counts of TCS-1 and TCS-2 were 4.62 log CFU/g and 7.09 log CFU/g, respectively, on the 7th day, which were lower than that (8.45 log CFU/g) of control on the 3rd day. Sensory evaluation of TCS-1 showed the highest scores for appearance, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than the others. In conclusion, TCS-1 was effective for maintaining freshness of beef during storage.
Quality characteristics of cookies added with Takju pomace powder
Authors: Im Chae-Yun , Kim Mi-Hyang , Kang Woo-Won
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the quality characteristics of cookies added with the powder of pomace powder, which was produced as a by-product in Korean rice wine (Takju). The quality of cookies was evaluated based on moisture content, color, hardness, and sensory evaluation. Cookies were prepared by addition of 0, 5, 10, and 15% Takju pomace powders to basic flour formulation. The pH values of dough added with Takju pomace powder were 3.04-6.52, which was lower than that of the control group. The moisture contents of cookies were 6.92-6.52% and were lowest in cookies added with 15% Takju pomace powder. The L value was reduced according to the increase in Takju pomace powder. On the contrary, a value increased. Especially, a value of the control was negative (-0.96) while those of cookies added with Takju pomace powder were positive. There were no significant differences in the b value of these cookies. For texture, hardness of cookies was lowest in 15% Takju pomace powder cookies. The results of the sensory evaluation compared to cookies with 10% powder Takju pomace were superior in appearance, taste and overall preference.
Physicochemical properties and oxidative stabilities of chicken breast jerky treated various sweetening agents
Authors: Nam Dong-Geon , Jeong Beom-Gyun , Chun Jiyeon
Published: August 2017

Chicken breast jerky (CJ) was prepared by drying chicken breast at 50°C for 9 hrs after marinating it in a various sweetening sauce including white sugar (WS), brown sugar (BS), rice syrup (RS), fructooligosaccharide (FO), pineapple concentrate (PC), Rubus coreanus extract (RCE), or honey (H), and its physicochemical and sensory properties were investigated. The CJ was found to contain 22.5-25.0% moisture, 41.0-46.6% protein, and 0.4-1.0% fat, which indicates that it could serve as a high-protein and low-fat snack. The type of sweeteners significantly affected the yield, pH, total viable cell count, and water activity of the CJ, showing ranges of 40.9-50.1%, 5.2-5.9, 2.5-6.2×104 CFU/g, and 0.74-0.81, respectively. Both the water activity and pH were the lowest in CJ-RCE where of the highest in CJ-WS. The cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the CJ significantly differed depending on the type of sweeteners (p<0.05). CJ-RCE showed the best taste and overall acceptability in a sensory test. After storage at 50°C for 2 weeks, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content (58.3 malondialdehyde (MDA) mg/kg) of CJ-RCE was much lower than those of control beef (75.6 MDA mg/kg) and pork jerky (98.0 MDA mg/kg), showing the good oxidative stability of CJ-RCE. Overall, marination in RCE sauce was suitable for the preparation of CJ with good quality in terms of its water activity, fat and protein contents, sensory property and oxidative stability.
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 suppression and type-1 procollagen synthesis promoting effects of Uncaria gambir
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Kim Dong-Hee , Kim Eun-Woo , Kwon Hyun Ju , Kim Byung Woo , Cho Jae-Hyon , Kim Hyun-Joo , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: August 2017

Collagen synthesis is decreased and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels are increased in naturally aged human skin, and these alterations cause changes such as skin wrinkling and decreased elasticity. As a part of our ongoing search for bioactive ingredients, MMP-1 inhibitory and type-1 procollagen synthesis inducing activities of aqueous methanolic extract of manufactured gambir product from Uncaria gambir were investigated in in vitro bioassay systems. In addition, total phenolic contents were quantified using a spectrophotometric method. Among tested samples, 40% MeOH eluate from 80% methanolic extract of manufactured U. gambir using open column chromatography packed with Diaion HP-20 resin showed significant MMP-1 inhibitory activities with an IC50 value of 15.6±1.3 μg/mL. Furthermore, type-1 procollagen synthesis promoting property of 40% MeOH eluate (IC50 value; 6.9±0.7 μg/mL) from 80% methanolic extract of manufactured gambir was higher than other eluates. Additionally, the present investigation revealed that 40% MeOH eluate of manufactured gambir product contained a high level of total phenolic compounds. The result suggests a distinct relationship between anti-wrinkle activity and total phenolic contents, and manufactured gambir product could be considered a new effective source of natural bioactive ingredients. Systematic investigation of manufactured gambir product will be performed for further development of its biological properties.
Prediction of weight loss of low temperature storage tomato (Tiwai 250) by non-destructive firmness measurement
Authors: Cui Jinshi , Yoo Areum , Yang Myongkyoon , Cho Seong In
Published: August 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the weight loss, firmness, external color and vitamin C (VC) content of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) using non-destructive method to measure identical tomato samples during 15 days storage at low temperature and high humidity. Tomatoes were harvested at the light red stage, sorted, box packed and then stored in thermo-hygrostat (10±1°C, 90±10%RH). The quality changes in weight loss, firmness and external color were measured every 3 day interval. Weight loss was increased by 1.13±0.15%, but it may not be considered to affect quality. Surface color of fruit was changed, especially in lightness and hue angle value. The color values were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results were significant (p<0.001). Firmness of fruit declined during storage, but it did not decrease in direct proportion. On the storage of day 15, firmness was decreased to 40% of initial state. At last, all the experiment data are summarized and the relationship between firmness and weight loss is analyzed to construct a linear regression mathematical model that can predict the weight loss with the firmness value measured by non-destructive method. This research result could be useful in helping tomato exporters and suppliers to get real-time quality factor by using proposed method and regression model.
Quality characteristics of fermented soybean products produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional soybean paste
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Seo Bo Young , Eom Jeong Seon , Choi Hye Sun
Published: August 2017

This study evaluated quality characteristics of soybean fermented by selected lactic acid bacteria, which were the enzyme strains with high antimicrobial activities isolated from traditionally prepared soybean paste. We determined total aerobic and lactic acid bacteria counts, protease and amylase activities, reducing sugar and amino-type nitrogen contents, and the amounts of amino acids, organic acids, and aroma-compounds. The total aerobic bacteria counts in soybean fermented with strain I13 (7.75×109 CFU/mL) were the highest among all the strains analyzed. Lactic acid bacteria numbers were 2.85×109 to 4.35×109 CFU/mL in soybean fermented with isolates. Amylase and protease activities of the JSB22 sample were the highest among all sample. Reducing sugar and amino-type nitrogen contents of soybean fermented with JSB22 (1.23%, 94.52 mg%) were highest. Total amino acid content of the samples was 15.88-17.62%, and glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, and arginine were the major amino acids. Lactic acid (0.82-3.65 g/100 g), oxalic acid (22.74-63.57 mg/100 g), and fumaric acid (2.88-6.33 mg/100 g) were predominant organic acids. A total of 39 volatile aroma-compounds were identified, including 2 esters, 5 ketones, 7 alcohols, 14 hydrocarbons, 2 heterocyclic compounds, 4 acids, and 5 miscellaneous compounds. These results represent useful information for the development of a starter (single or complex) and will be used for production of functional fermented soybean foods.
Effects of ultrasonic thawing on the physicochemical properties of frozen pork
Authors: Kim Jinse , Park Seok Ho , Choi Dong Soo , Choi Seung Ryul , Kim Yong Hoon , Lee Soo Jang , Park Chun Wan , Han Gui Jeung , Park Jong Woo
Published: August 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ultrasonic thawing on physicochemical characteristics of frozen pork sirloin. To determine the velocity of an ultrasonic thawing machine, -80°C frozen pork sirloins were thawed using 132, 580, and 1,000 kHz ultrasonic thawing machines, and the physicochemical properties of pork sirloin thawed with 15°C tap water and those using the ultrasonic thawing machines were compared. As a result, thawing speed by ultrasonic thawing was three times faster than that of tap water, but drip weight loss rate is increased by about 5% during ultrasonic thawing compared to that during thawing in tap water. However, biochemical properties, such as pH, volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid, and total aerobic bacteria, were not improved by ultrasonic thawing. Hunter values, such as total color change and redness, improved slightly after 580 kHz ultrasonic thawing. The hardness and chewiness of the pork sirloin decreased significantly after 580 kHz ultrasonic thawing; however, springiness was not changed. These results indicate that ultrasonic thawing is faster than thawing in tap water, but the physicochemical characteristics of frozen pork sirloin was not significantly improve by ultrasonic sound.
Antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of Yanggeng added with aged black chestnut inner shell
Authors: Lee Seok Ryong , Lim Jun Young , Kim Mee Ree
Published: August 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics and the antioxidant activities of yanggeng added with the aged black chestnut inner shells (ACI). The levels of ACI addition to Yanggeng were 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5%. The moisture content and the reducing sugar contents of Yanggeng increased with the amount of ACI. The pH of Yanggeng with ACI decreased with the amount of ACI, but the acidity increased. Depending on the amount of ACI added, the lightness (L) and yellowness (b) values of Yanggeng with ACI decreased in the Hunter color system, and the redness (a) value increased. Textural properties by TPA showed that hardness, springiness and chewiness decreased as increase in the amount of ACI added. Total phenol content in the Yanggeng added with ACI increased with the amount of ACI added. Increasing amount of ACI addition enhanced antioxidant activities of Yanggeng, as evidenced by DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assays. In the preference test, Yanggeng added with 3% ACI showed the highest overall preference and texture. Based on these results, when 3% ACI was added to Yanggeng the quality characteristics, antioxidant property and sensory properties were excellent.
The Dynamics of Adaptive Genetic Diversity During the Early Stages of Clonal Evolution
Authors: Blundell Jamie R. , Schwartz Katja , Francois Danielle , Fisher Daniel S. , Sherlock Gavin , Levy Sasha F.
Published: August 2017

The dynamics of genetic diversity in large clonally-evolving cell populations are poorly understood, despite having implications for the treatment of cancer and microbial infections. Here, we combine barcode lineage tracking, sequencing of adaptive clones, and mathematical modelling of mutational dynamics to understand diversity changes during experimental evolution. We find that, despite differences in beneficial mutational mechanisms and fitness effects between two environments, early adaptive genetic diversity increases predictably, driven by the expansion of many single-mutant lineages. However, a crash in diversity follows, caused by highly-fit double-mutants fed from exponentially growing single-mutants, a process closely related to the classic Luria-Delbruck experiment. The diversity crash is likely to be a general feature of clonal evolution, however its timing and magnitude is stochastic and depends on the population size, the distribution of beneficial fitness effects, and patterns of epistasis.
Creation of Recombinant Antibodies: Using Degenerate Oligonucleotides to Amplify Heavy- and Light-Chain Sequences
Authors: Dasch James R. , Dasch Amy L.
Published: August 2017

Recombinant antibodies can be modified to suit the application: Changes in isotype, format (e.g., scFv, Fab, bispecific antibodies), and specificity can be made once the heavy- and light-chain sequences are available. However, Ig gene families are large and the variable region gene segments are, indeed, variable, precluding the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two simple primers to amplify the heavy and light chain gene segments. A wide variety of approaches have been taken to obviate the complexity of the variable region gene segments, including using “universal” or degenerate primers. In this method, mRNA is obtained from B cells as a source of heavy- and light-chain sequences. cDNA is prepared using purified mRNA and either oligo(dT) or a C-region 3′ primer. The cDNA negative strand is complementary to the coding sequence of the heavy or light chain. This approach can aid in the design of a variable region primer or in selection of the appropriate degenerate primer for a specific variable gene subfamily.
Cloning Mice
Authors: Ogura Atsuo
Published: August 2017

Viable and fertile mice can be generated by somatic nuclear transfer into enucleated oocytes, presumably because the transplanted somatic cell genome becomes reprogrammed by factors in the oocyte. The first somatic cloned offspring of mice were obtained by directly injecting donor nuclei into recipient enucleated oocytes. When this method is used (the so-called Honolulu method of somatic cell nuclear transfer [SCNT]), the donor nuclei readily and completely condense within the enucleated metaphase II–arrested oocytes, which contain high levels of M-phase-promoting factor (MPF). It is believed that the condensation of the donor chromosomes promotes complete reprogramming of the donor genome within the mouse oocytes. Another key to the success of mouse cloning is the use of blunt micropipettes attached to a piezo impact-driving micromanipulation device. This system saves a significant amount of time during the micromanipulation of oocytes and thus minimizes the loss of oocyte viability in vitro. For example, a group of 20 oocytes can be enucleated within 10 min by an experienced operator. This protocol is composed of seven parts: (1) preparing micropipettes, (2) setting up the enucleation and injection micropipettes, (3) collecting and enucleating oocytes, (4) preparing nucleus donor cells, (5) injecting donor nuclei, (6) activating embryos and culturing, and (7) transferring cloned embryos.
Solution-Phase Exome Capture
Authors: Mardis Elaine , McCombie W. Richard
Published: August 2017

This protocol describes the construction of a paired-end library of genomic DNA (gDNA) and subsequent capture of specific regions of a genome using NimbleGen sequence capture probes and Illumina TruSeq oligos. The captured DNA, purified and quantitated, is appropriate for use as template in Illumina sequencing systems. A procedure is also provided for magnetic AMPure bead cleanup.
2,2-Difluoro-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2H-benzo[e][1,3,2]oxazaborinin-3-ium-2-uide
Authors: Dziuk Błażej , Ośmiałowski Borys , Zakrzewska Anna , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Zarychta Bartosz
Published: August 2017

There is one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H9BF3NO, which crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space groupCc. In the molecular structure, the BF2-carrying ring is distorted from planarity and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 42.3 (1)° with the 4-fluorophenyl ring. F atoms are involved in all of the short intermolecular contacts of the crystal structure, which link molecules to form chains along [001] and [010].
rac-2,3-Diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]thiazin-4-one 1-oxide
Authors: Yennawar Hemant P. , Noble Duncan J. , Yang Ziwei , Silverberg Lee J.
Published: August 2017

In the title compound, C19H14N2O2S, the thiazine ring exhibits a screw-boat pucker. The oxygen atom on the sulfur atom of the ring is pseudo-axial on the thiazine ring. In the crystal, 21screw-related molecules are linked by C—H...Ocarbonylhydrogen bonds, forming helices propagating along theb-axis direction.
CSR in village school: challenge after success
Authors: Mohanty Jagannath , Sinha Shivnath
Published: August 2017

Subject area

Corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Study level/applicability

Graduate, undergraduate and executive education.

Case overview

The Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur, in the year 2013 started the Centre for Corporate Governance to emerge as an academic and research center for the industries in the vicinity of Nagpur and engage industries in CSR activities. On completion of one year of the center, the team responsible for execution of the programs was disappointed with the Centre’s progress. They decided to start an empowerment program with students from a poor village school. The initiative was well received by the school and its students. Now the team is facing the challenge of sustainability and scale up of the initiative.

Expected learning outcomes

To understand the concept and motives of CSR; to evaluate how a nonprofit-making entity can contribute to its communities; to explain the nuances of stakeholder engagement; social empowerment and inclusiveness; and student engagement and volunteerism.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Finite volume solution of 2-D hyperbolic conduction with contact resistance
Authors: Han S.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical methodology for the solution of non-Fourier conduction in two-dimensional (2-D) heterogeneous materials with contact resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

Energy and heat flux equations with time lagging constant are combined to form a 2-D hyperbolic conduction equation in conservational form, and the resulting equation is solved by finite volume method.

Findings

The magnitude of contact resistance is inversely proportional to the temperature jump at the contact surface and phonon transmission coefficient between heterogeneous medium. Numerical results show that higher the contact resistance, lower the heat flux through the interface, lower the strength of transmitted wave and higher the strength of reflected wave at the interface. These results are in agreement with physical expectations. Temperature profiles show expected discontinuity at the interface while the heat fluxes are continuous, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed methodology.

Originality/value

In most available numerical methods for hyperbolic conduction with contact resistance, contact resistances are treated as internal boundaries at which boundary conditions are specified. In the present formulation, contact resistance between two heterogeneous materials is treated as a part of interface transport properties not as an added boundary condition. This approach makes the formulation much simpler and straightforward for multidimensional applications. This approach is never used previously and is original.
Urban tourism and urban socialist and communist heritage: beyond tragedy and farce?
Authors: Adie Bailey Ashton , Amore Alberto , Hall Colin Michael
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Existing literature on state socialist and communist heritage as a form of tourist consumption predominately focuses on destination contexts, such as the former Soviet countries and the few remaining state communist countries (i.e. China, North Korea and Cuba). As a result, the visitation to places linked to the history of socialism and communism in the so-called western pluralist democracies has often been overlooked and, at most, unacknowledged, especially as most research on “socialist” heritage focuses on sites connected to statist heritage rather than sites connected to socialist movements. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper aims to fill the gap in terms of research focusing on these types of sites, with evidence from a range of countries in Europe and the Americas. It does so by illustrating the presence and engagement with official and non-official communist/socialist heritage at varying levels of commodification.

Findings

The paper concludes that not only is there a need to broaden the concept of socialist heritage but that its framing needs to continue to be understood from present day ideological discourses and struggles with respect to the marking of urban heritage tourist locations.

Originality/value

This contribution advocates the broadening of the concept of socialist heritage by acknowledging the relevance of “hidden” urban sites related to key socialist thinkers, socialist opposition to fascism, and civil wars in which the socialist movement was involved, while also drawing parallels between the levels of socialist/heritage recognition and use as a commodity in relation to the historical narrative within the studied countries.
Communist heritage representation gaps and disputes
Authors: Sima Claudia
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore how different stakeholders represent communist and revolution heritage for tourism, with a case-study on Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. The research attempts to identify gaps and tensions between representation makers on communist heritage tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs a range of qualitative methods in order to explore communist heritage tourism representation from different perspectives: content analysis of secondary data in the form of government, industry and media destination promotional material; interviews with a range of representation producers (government, industry and media); focus groups with potential tourists; and content analysis of user generated content under the form of blogs by actual visitors to Bucharest.

Findings

Findings reveal that there are gaps between the “official” or government representations of communism and revolution heritage and “unofficial” or industry, media and tourists’ representations. The research confirms and builds on Light’s (2000a, b) views that communist heritage is perceived as “problematic” by government officials and that attempts have been made to reinterpret it in a different light. The process of representation is made difficult by recent trends such as the increase in popularity of communism heritage tourism in countries such as Germany or Hungary. The potential of communist and revolution heritage to generate tourism is increasingly being acknowledged. However, reconciliation with “an unwanted” past is made difficult because of the legacy of communism and the difficulties of transition, EU-integration, economic crisis or countless political and social crisis and challenges. The “official” and “unofficial” representations successfully coexist and form part of the communism and revolution heritage product.

Research limitations/implications

The research attempts to look at the representation of communism heritage from different angles, however, it does not exhaust the number of views and perspectives that exist on the topic. The research only records the British and Romanian perspectives on the topic. The topic is still in its infancy and more research is needed on communism heritage tourism and representation.

Originality/value

The research identifies and explores gaps, agreements and disagreements over the representation of communist and revolution heritage in Bucharest, Romania.
Impact of multilevel boundaries on internationalization: an exposition of region of origin effect
Authors: Elango B. , Wieland J.R.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

In this paper, the authors aim to introduce the notion of region of origin effect and articulate why home region boundaries should be factored in when understanding firm strategy and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper validates the region of origin effect on internationalization using a sample of 11,677 firms from 99 developing countries in a multilevel model, with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.

Findings

The findings of this paper indicate consistent support for the notion of region of origin effect. The relative importance of direct region effects in explaining variation in firm internationalization was found to be 17.8 per cent. When indirect effects (i.e. varying slopes) were factored in, the relative importance was 16.6 per cent. Additionally, the findings show that the region of origin effect impacts the degree of strength of the well-established firm drivers of internationalization.

Originality/value

Although the importance of the home region location is well known to researchers and practitioners of international business, it has not received the attention it deserves. The findings of this paper clearly demonstrate the need for researchers and practitioners to recognize the role of the region of origin effect in formulating and implementing global strategies.
Foetal growth restriction is associated with poor reading and spelling skills at eight years to 10 years of age
Authors: Partanen Lea , Korkalainen Noora , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Olsén Päivi , Laukkanen‐Nevala Päivi , Yliherva Anneli
Published: August 2017

Aim

Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with communication problems, which might lead to poor literacy skills. The reading and spelling skills of eight‐ to 10‐year‐oldFGRchildren born at 24–40 gestational weeks were compared with those of their gestational age–matched, appropriately grown (AGA) peers.

Methods

A prospectively collected cohort of 37FGRand 31AGAchildren was recruited prenatally at a Finnish tertiary care centre during 1998–2001. The children's reading and spelling skills were assessed using standardised tests for Finnish‐speaking second and third graders.

Results

Significantly more children performed below the 10th percentile normal values for reading and spelling skills in theFGRgroup than in theAGAgroup. At nine years of age, theFGRchildren had significantly poorer performance in word reading skills and reading fluency, reading accuracy and reading comprehension than theAGAcontrols. No between‐group differences were detected at eight years of age.

Conclusion

FGRis associated with poor performance in reading and spelling skills. A third of theFGRchildren performed below the 10th percentile normal values at nine years of age. These results indicate a need to continuously evaluate linguistic and literacy skills asFGRchildren age to ensure optimal support.
The governance of post‐secondary education systems in British Columbia and Ontario: Path dependence and provincial policy
Authors: Harmsen Robert , Tupper Allan
Published: August 2017

Provincial governments retain an essentially unrestricted jurisdictional autonomy as regards the structuring and coordination of post‐secondary education (PSE) systems. It is at the provincial level that crucial balances must be struck between the competing demands placed on costly PSE systems. This article develops a comparative historical analysis of the British Columbia and Ontario cases in this relatively neglected area of provincial public management. Strong path‐dependent logics are identified in both cases, anchored in interconnected networks of institutional and local interests. Current developments in both provinces are assessed against the background of these longer‐term historical patterns and in relation to wider international trends.
Above and below the line: Strategic communications and media management in Canadian governments
Authors: Marland Alex
Published: August 2017

This research note examines “below the line” media relations planning templates that are used to coordinate the release of government information, such as communications plans, event proposals and social media calendars. Methodological pathways to collect data through access to information are discussed. Templates and guidelines obtained from Canadian federal, provincial and territorial governments are classified into six phases of production: planning authorization, strategic planning, tactical planning, logistical planning, approval of media products and evaluation. The findings suggest political strategizing is least prevalent on matters involving public safety and crisis communications.
S2k‐Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des chronischen Pruritus – Update – Kurzversion
Authors: Ständer Sonja , Zeidler Claudia , Augustin Matthias , Bayer Gudrun , Kremer Andreas E. , Legat Franz J. , Maisel Peter , Mettang Thomas , Metz Martin , Nast Alexander , Niemeier Volker , Raap Ulrike , Schneider Gudrun , Ständer Hartmut F. , Staubach Petra , Streit Markus , Weisshaar Elke
Published: August 2017

Pruritus ist ein fachübergreifendes Leitsymptom zahlreicher Erkrankungen und stellt eine interdisziplinäre diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Das Symptom kann sich mit zunehmender Dauer unabhängig von der Ursache fortsetzen und so die eigentliche Warnfunktion verlieren. Stattdessen erlangt das Symptom als chronischer Pruritus einen eigenständigen Krankheitswert. Chronischer Pruritus wird in Deutschland bei ca. 13,5 % der Allgemeinbevölkerung beobachtet mit einer Inzidenz von 7 %. Bei allen Formen von chronischem Pruritus bedarf es einer gezielten Versorgung der Patienten bestehend aus den Säulen (a) Diagnostik und Therapie der Grunderkrankung, (b) einer dermatologischen Therapie primärer oder sekundärer (z. B. trockene Haut, Kratzläsionen) Symptome, (c) einer symptomatisch‐antipruritischen Therapie und (d) bei einer begleitenden oder zugrundeliegenden psychischen oder psychosomatischen Erkrankung einer entsprechenden psychologisch‐psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Es wird daher empfohlen, die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischem Pruritus interdisziplinär, insbesondere hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Therapie der Grunderkrankung und des Therapie‐ und Nebenwirkungs‐Management durchzuführen. Das Ziel dieser interdisziplinär erstellten Leitlinie ist es, das Vorgehen bei chronischem Pruritus zu definieren und zu standardisieren. Dies ist die Kurzversion der aktualisierten S2‐Leitlinie zu chronischem Pruritus. Die Langversion findet sich unter www.awmf.org.
Female CEOs, Returns and Risk in Spanish Publishing Firms
Authors: Martín‐Ugedo Juan Francisco , Mínguez‐Vera Antonio , Palma‐Martos Luis
Published: August 2017

This study examines the influence of CEO gender on returns and risk for a sample of 2,157 Spanish publishing firms in 2013. The publishing sector is relevant in Spain, in terms of output, because of its positive contribution to the cultural sector's trade balance and also because it plays a key strategic role in a knowledge‐based society. Previous evidence suggests that women in senior management position affect the performance of firms and also the level of risk that the firm is exposed to. Our results show that publishing companies whose CEO is female have greater returns. This result is observed when both the return on assets and the return on equity are considered as the dependent variable. When we focus on risk, we find a lower debt level and lower financial leverage when the CEO is a woman.
Behavioral and fMRI responses to fearful faces are altered in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS)
Authors: Ciumas Carolina , Laurent Agathe , Saignavongs Mani , Ilski Faustine , de Bellescize Julitta , Panagiotakaki Eleni , Ostrowsky‐Coste Karine , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Herbillon Vania , Ibarrola Danielle , Ryvlin Philippe
Published: August 2017

Objective

We hypothesized that children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) might have altered social cognitive skills and underlying neural networks.

Methods

We studied 13 patients with BCECTS and 11 age‐matched controls using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with an emotional discrimination task consisting of viewing happy, fearful, scrambled, and neutral faces. Behavioral performance measured during the task was correlated with clinical variables and behavioral ratings.

Results

In comparison with age‐matched controls, children with BCECTS performing a fearful faces detection task showed significantly reduced bilateral fMRI activation in the insular cortex, caudate, and lentiform nuclei, as well as increased response time. The percentage of errors made by children with BCECTS correlated negatively with age, a finding not observed in controls. In patients, accuracy positively correlated with time since the last seizure. The above abnormalities were not observed during happy faces detection task, except for a slower response in children with BCECTS as compared to controls.

Significance

Our study suggests that BCECTS is associated with altered social cognition network and function, particularly for the identification of fearful faces. The age dependency of some of these findings supports the view that a delayed maturation of spiking cortical regions might underlie the cognitive dysfunction observed in BCECTS.
Applications of random forest feature selection for fine‐scale genetic population assignment
Authors: Sylvester Emma V. A. , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R. , Clément Marie , Pearce Jon , Horne John , Beiko Robert G.
Published: August 2017

Genetic population assignment used to inform wildlife management and conservation efforts requires panels of highly informative genetic markers and sensitive assignment tests. We explored the utility of machine‐learning algorithms (random forest, regularized random forest and guided regularized random forest) compared with FST ranking for selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for fine‐scale population assignment. We applied these methods to an unpublished SNP data set for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and a published SNP data set for Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In each species, we identified the minimum panel size required to obtain a self‐assignment accuracy of at least 90% using each method to create panels of 50–700 markers Panels of SNPs identified using random forest‐based methods performed up to 7.8 and 11.2 percentage points better than FST‐selected panels of similar size for the Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon data, respectively. Self‐assignment accuracy ≥90% was obtained with panels of 670 and 384 SNPs for each data set, respectively, a level of accuracy never reached for these species using FST‐selected panels. Our results demonstrate a role for machine‐learning approaches in marker selection across large genomic data sets to improve assignment for management and conservation of exploited populations.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeting of the Rosa26 locus produces Cre reporter rat strains for monitoring Cre–loxP‐mediated lineage tracing
Authors: Ma Yuanwu , Yu Lei , Pan Shuo , Gao Shan , Chen Wei , Zhang Xu , Dong Wei , Li Jing , Zhou Rui , Huang Lan , Han Yunlin , Bai Lin , Zhang Li , Zhang Lianfeng
Published: August 2017

The rat is an important laboratory animal for physiological, toxicological and pharmacological studies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) is a simple and efficient tool to generate precise genetic modifications in rats, which will promote the accumulation of genetic resources and enable more precise studies of gene function. To monitor Cre–loxP‐mediated excision in vivo, we generated a Cre reporter rat strain (Rosa26‐imCherry) by knockin of a Cre reporter cassette at the Rosa26 locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Rosa26‐imCherry rats exhibited inducible expression of the mCherry cassette (imCherry) using the Cre–loxP system, whereas normal rats exhibited ubiquitous expression of eGFP but not mCherry in the whole body. Injection of adeno‐associated virus serotype 9–Cre into the hippocampus and skeletal muscle resulted in mCherry expression in virus‐infected cells. Cre–loxP‐mediated mCherry expression was then evaluated by crossing Rosa26‐imCherry rats with transgenic rats ubiquitously expressing CAG‐Cre, heart‐specific α‐MHC‐Cre transgenic rats and liver‐specific Alb‐Cre knockin rats. Finally, using the established system the expression pattern of Cre driven by two endogenous gene promoters (Wfs1‐Cre knockin rat, FabP2‐Cre knockin rat) was traced. In summary, we demonstrated excision of the loxP‐flanked allele in Rosa26‐imCherry rats via activation of mCherry expression in the presence of Cre recombinase. This newly established Rosa26‐imCherry rat strain represents a useful tool to facilitate Cre‐expression pattern determination and tracing experiments.
Effect of chloride ions in Tris buffer solution on bioactive glass apatite mineralization
Authors: Kirste Gloria , Brandt‐Slowik Juliane , Bocker Christian , Steinert Michael , Geiss Reinhard , Brauer Delia S.
Published: August 2017

Degradation and apatite precipitation of Bioglass 45S5 were characterized in two different tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer solutions. In the conventional one, pH was adjusted to 7.4 using hydrochloric acid (Tris‐HCl buffer). In the other one, acetic acid was used instead, thereby obtaining a Tris buffer solution, which was virtually free of chloride ions (Tris‐HAc). EDX results showed that chloride ions present in Tris‐HCl buffer solution were incorporated into the apatite formed during immersion experiments, forming a (partially) substituted chlorapatite. No chloride ions were detected in apatite precipitated in Tris‐HAc. Although no significant differences in the rate of apatite formation were observed during the time points studied here (6 hours to 7 days), the presence of chloride ions may affect very early stages of apatite formation. It may therefore be advantageous to use modified Tris buffer solutions, which do not contain high concentrations of ions involved in apatite formation, when studying early time point release kinetics or apatite precipitation of bioactive glasses.
Somatization disorder and stress in teachers: a comprehensive occupational health evaluation
Authors: Howard Krista , Haskard‐Zolnierek Kelly , Johnson Angela , Roming Sinjin , Price Rachel , Cobos Briana
Published: August 2017

Somatization disorder is a biopsychosocial‐based, stress‐induced disorder involving multiple physical ailments with no medical explanation. The teaching profession is characterized as very stressful, making teachers at risk of developing somatization disorder. This study examined somatization disorder in a K‐12 teacher population. A total of 2,988 teachers from 46 Texas districts responded to a comprehensive online occupational health survey. Somatization disorder was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Univariate analyses were conducted between teachers with and without somatization disorder to identify specific relationships with demographic variables, occupational variables, perceived stress, Axis I psychopathology, and physical health. A logistic regression was developed to identify the variables most strongly associated with the presence of somatization disorder in a teacher population. Analyses showed that female teachers are 3.3 times more likely to develop somatization disorder. Compared to Caucasians, African American teachers are 3.9 times and Hispanic teachers are 2.0 times more likely to develop somatization disorder. Moreover, higher levels of stress, poorer physical quality of life, major depression, panic and anxiety disorder were significantly related with somatization disorder (p < .05). Higher levels of stress and poorer physical and mental health are among the psychosocial and demographic factors associated with somatization disorder in public school teachers.
To trust or not to trust: How self‐construal affects consumer responses to interpersonal influence
Authors: Guo Wenxia , Main Kelley
Published: August 2017

Although people generally prefer persuasive messages that align with their self‐construal, the present research explores a seemingly paradoxical situation wherein mismatched message that does not align with people's self‐construal is positively received. Given sufficient cognitive capacity to trigger persuasion knowledge—the knowledge of persuasion tactics that are encountered in the marketplace, the use of an individually focused persuasion attempt on consumers with an interdependent self‐construal results in greater levels of trust in the sales agent. In contrast, consumers with an independent self‐construal respond similarly to different types of persuasion attempts. Persuasion knowledge is a mechanism for variations in trust. The findings replicate those of prior work, and the robustness of the effects is confirmed via small‐scale meta‐analysis.
A review of the flood risk management governance and resilience literature
Authors: Morrison A. , Westbrook C.J. , Noble B.F.
Published: August 2017

The environmental management literature suggests that resilience is key to managing complex systems and reducing vulnerability resulting from uncertainty and unexpected change. Yet, flood risk management (FRM) has emerged largely from a culture of resistance. This paper takes the pulse of the current state of FRM research, with a focus on how the scholarly community has approached governance for flood resilience. Our analysis of the FRM journal literature identified 258 articles addressing governance and flooding, resilience and adaptation. Five main research themes emerged from these articles, addressing a variety of issues, but mostly lacking the degree of integration needed to address the social‐ecological complexity of FRM. Overall, research supporting the governance of FRM for resilience lacks integration, and methods of mitigating this lack of integration are poorly studied. We conclude with a discussion about the nature and scope of FRM research for resilience, and identify opportunities for more integrative FRM research that is more tightly coupled with policy and practice.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Yang Hung‐Chih , Hong Chun‐Ming , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng
Published: August 2017

Background and Aim

The real‐world effectiveness and safety of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir (PrOD) remain limited for East Asian hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (HCV‐1b) patients. The study aimed to evaluate the antiviral responses of PrOD‐based regimens for HCV‐1b patients in Taiwan.

Methods

The study performed a retrospective analysis of 103 HCV‐1b patients receiving PrOD with or without ribavirin (RBV) for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed to assess the on‐treatment and off‐therapy HCV viral load and on‐treatment adverse events. The pre‐specified characteristics related to sustained virologic response 12 weeks off therapy (SVR12) were compared.

Results

At treatment week 4, 100 of 102 patients (98.0%) had serum HCV RNA level < 25 IU/mL. The SVR12 was achieved in 101 of 103 patients (98.1%, [95% confidence interval: 93.2–99.5%]). All except one (99.0%) patients tolerated treatment well without treatment interruption. One cirrhotic patient discontinued treatment at week 1 due to hepatic decompensation. Twenty‐four patients (23.3%) had ≥ grade 2 elevation in total bilirubin levels, and 21 of them (87.5%) had indirect type hyperbilirubinemia. The stratified SVR12 rates were comparable in terms of sex, age, body mass index, prior treatment experience, hepatitis B virus surface antigen status, RBV usage, baseline and week 2 viral load, renal function, and hepatic fibrosis stage.

Conclusions

Paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir with or without RBV are efficacious and generally well tolerated for treatment of HCV‐1b patients in Taiwan.