bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava in Lao PDR
Authors: Leiva Ana M. , Chittarath Khonesavanh , Lopez-Alvarez Diana , Vongphachanh Pinkham , Gomez Maria Isabel , Sengsay Somkhit , Wang Xiao-Wei , Rodriguez Rafael , Newby Jonathan , Cuellar Wilmer J.
Published: September 2022

Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) caused by Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), has rapidly spread in Southeast Asia (SEA) since 2016. Recently it has been documented in Lao PDR. Previous reports have identified whitefly species of B. tabaci as potential vectors of CMD in SEA, but their occurrence and distribution in cassava fields is not well known. We conducted a countrywide survey in Lao PDR for adult whiteflies in cassava fields, and determined the abundance and genetic diversity of the B. tabaci species complex using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequencing. In order to expedite the process, PCR amplifications were performed directly on whitefly adults without DNA extraction, and mtCOI sequences obtained using nanopore portable-sequencing technology. Low whitefly abundances and two cryptic species of the B. tabaci complex, Asia II 1 and Asia II 6, were identified. This is the first work on abundance and genetic identification of whiteflies associated with cassava in Lao PDR. This study indicates currently only a secondary role for Asia II in spreading CMD or as a pest. Routine monitoring and transmission studies on Asia II 6 should be carried out to establish its potential role as a vector of SLCMV in this region.
Secondary Emission Calorimetry
Authors: Bilki Burak , Dilsiz Kamuran , Ogul Hasan , Onel Yasar , Southwick David , Tiras Emrah , Wetzel James , Winn David Roberts
Published: September 2022

Electromagnetic calorimetry in high-radiation environments, e.g., forward regions of lepton and hadron collider detectors, is quite challenging. Although total absorption crystal calorimeters have superior performance as electromagnetic calorimeters, the availability and the cost of the radiation-hard crystals are the limiting factors as radiation-tolerant implementations. Sampling calorimeters utilizing silicon sensors as the active media are also favorable in terms of performance but are challenged by high-radiation environments. In order to provide a solution for such implementations, we developed a radiation-hard, fast and cost-effective technique, secondary emission calorimetry, and tested prototype secondary emission sensors in test beams. In a secondary emission detector module, secondary emission electrons are generated from a cathode when charged hadron or electromagnetic shower particles penetrate the secondary emission sampling module placed between absorber materials. The generated secondary emission electrons are then multiplied in a similar way as the photoelectrons in photomultiplier tubes. Here, we report on the principles of secondary emission calorimetry and the results from the beam tests performed at Fermilab Test Beam Facility as well as the Monte Carlo simulations of projected, large-scale secondary emission electromagnetic calorimeters.
Predictive Value of the Transthoracic Echocardiography Index for Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: Guo Juan , Hu Yugang , Cao Sheng , Feng Chuangli , Huang Xin , Zhou Qing
Published: September 2022

Background: We aimed to demonstrate whether the preoperative transthoracic echocardiography index (TTEI) could improve the predictive value of clinical parameters for cardiac valve surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CVS−AKI). Methods: A total of 213 patients who underwent surgical CVS at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were consecutively recruited in this retrospective study. TTE assessments were performed within 7 days before surgery and logistic regression was used to determine TTEI. A nomogram was constructed by integrating TTEI and clinical features, and the net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were applied to evaluate the improvement in TTEI for CVS−AKI. Results: Among them, 66 patients (30.9%) developed CVS−AKI. The TTEI was calculated as follows: −6.579 + 0.068 × pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg) −0.742 × LVEF (>55%, yes or no) + 0.346 × left ventricle posterior wall thickness (mm). The nomogram based on the TEEI and other clinical factors possessed excellent performance (C-index = 0.880), had great calibration and discrimination, and was clinically useful. Furthermore, NRI (0.07, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 0.01–0.12, p = 0.02) and IDI (0.08, 95%CI, 0.01–0.20, p = 0.02) indicated that TTEI could significantly improve the predictive value of clinical features for CVS−AKI. Conclusions: As a simple access and cost-effective parameter, the preoperative TTEI may be a reliable and useful factor for CVS−AKI.
Optimal Modified Starch Content in UF Resin for Glulam Based on Bonding Strength Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Nazerian Morteza , Akbarzade Masood , Ghorbanezdad Payam , Papadopoulos Antonios N. , Vatankhah Elham , Foti Dafni , Koosha Mojtaba
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to present an application of the artificial neural network (ANN) that predicts the bonding strength of glulam manufactured from plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) wood layers adhered with a combination of modified starch adhesive and UF resin. Bonding strength was measured at different weight ratios containing different values of nano-zinc oxide as an additive under different conditions of press temperature and press time. As a part of the research, an experimental design was determined. According to that, the glulam specimens were fabricated, the bonding strength of specimens was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed. Then, a model was developed to predict bonding strength using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. To describe the results, FTIR and TGA tests were also conducted. The experimental results show that the maximum bonding strength values were obtained when the WR was at the middle level (50%), nano-zinc oxide content was at a maximum (4%), and press temperature and press time were fixed at 200 °C and 22 min, respectively. The ANN results agreed well with the experimental results. It became clear that the prediction errors were in an acceptable range. The results indicate that the developed ANN model could predict the bonding strength well with an acceptable error.
Examining the Effects of Caffeine on Isokinetic Strength, Power, and Endurance
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Venier Sandro , Mikulic Pavle
Published: September 2022

This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample included 25 young, resistance-trained males. The participants were tested on three occasions, in a control trial (no substance ingestion) and following the ingestion of 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine or placebo. Exercise tests involved isokinetic knee extension and flexion using angular velocities of 60° s−1 and 180° s−1. Analyzed outcomes included peak torque, average power, and total work. For knee extension at an angular velocity of 60° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. control (Hedges’ g = 0.22) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.30) and (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.21) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.29). For knee extension at an angular velocity of 180° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.26), (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.36) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.43), and (3) total work when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.33) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.36). Caffeine was not ergogenic for knee flexors in any of the analyzed outcomes. Additionally, there was no significant difference between control and placebo. In summary, caffeine enhances the mechanical output of the knee extensors at lower and higher angular velocities, and these effects are present when compared to placebo ingestion or no substance ingestion (control).
Effect of Previous Crops and Soil Physicochemical Properties on the Population of Verticillium dahliae in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Santos-Rufo Antonio , Pérez-Rodriguez Mario , Heis Serrano Juan , Roca Castillo Luis Fernando , López-Escudero Francisco Javier
Published: September 2022

The soil infestation of Verticillium dahliae has significant Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) with epidemiological consequences which could limit the expansion of the crop. In this context, there is a misunderstood history of the crops and soil property interactions associated with inoculum density (ID) increases in the soil. In this study, the effect of the combination of both factors was assessed on the ID of V. dahliae in the olive-growing areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Afterwards, the relationship of the ID to the mentioned factors was explored. The detection percentage and ID were higher in Spain than Portugal, even though the fields with a very favourable VWO history had a higher ID than that of the fields with a barely favourable history, regardless of the origin. The soil physicochemical parameters were able to detect the degree to which the ID was increased by the previous cropping history. By using a decision tree classifier, the percentage of clay was the best indicator for the V. dahliae ID regardless of the history of the crops. However, active limestone and the cation exchange capacity were only suitable ID indicators when <2 or 4 host crops of the pathogen were established in the field for five years, respectively. The V. dahliae ID was accurately predicted in this study for the orchard choices in the establishment of the olive.
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Profiles of Different Trichoderma Species and Their Potential Application
Authors: Gualtieri Liberata , Monti Maurilia Maria , Mele Francesca , Russo Assunta , Pedata Paolo Alfonso , Ruocco Michelina
Published: September 2022

Fungi emit a broad spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes producing species-specific volatile profiles. Volatilomes have received over the last decade increasing attention in ecological, environmental and agricultural studies due to their potential to be used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests and as plant growth-promoting factors. In the present study, we characterised and compared the volatilomes from four different Trichoderma species: T. asperellum B6; T. atroviride P1; T. afroharzianum T22; and T. longibrachiatum MK1. VOCs were collected from each strain grown both on PDA and in soil and analysed using proton transfer reaction quadrupole interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-Qi-TOF-MS). Analysis of the detected volatiles highlighted a clear separation of the volatilomes of all the four species grown on PDA whereas the volatilomes of the soil-grown fungi could be only partially separated. Moreover, a limited number of species-specific peaks were found and putatively identified. In particular, each of the four Trichoderma species over-emitted somevolatiles involved in resistance induction, promotion of plant seed germination and seedling development and antimicrobial activity, as 2-pentyl-furan, 6PP, acetophenone and p-cymene by T. asperellum B6, T. atroviride P1, T. afroharzianum T22 and T. longibrachiatum MK1, respectively. Their potential role in interspecific interactions from the perspective of biological control is briefly discussed.
Reactivation of Coccidioidomycosis in a Mouse Model of Asymptomatic Controlled Disease
Authors: Shubitz Lisa F. , Powell Daniel A. , Dial Sharon M. , Butkiewicz Christine D. , Trinh Hien T. , Hsu Amy P. , Buntzman Adam , Frelinger Jeffrey A. , Galgiani John N.
Published: September 2022

The majority of human coccidioidomycosis infections are asymptomatic or self-limited but may have sequestered spherules in highly structured granulomas. Under immunosuppression, reactivation of fungal growth can result in severe disease. B6D2F1 mice asymptomatically infected with C. posadasii strain 1038 were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (DXM) in drinking water. Treated mice died 16–25 days later, while untreated mice survived (p < 0.001). Flow cytometry of lung granulomas on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 of DXM treatment showed immune cell populations decreased 0.5–1 log compared with untreated mice though neutrophils and CD19+IgD−IgM− cells rebounded by day 20. Histopathology demonstrated loss of granuloma structure by day 5 and increasing spherules through day 20. On day 20, T-cells were nearly absent and disorganized pyogranulomatous lesions included sheets of plasma cells and innumerable spherules. Mice given DXM for 14 days then stopped (DXM stop) survived 6 weeks (9/10). Lung fungal burdens were significantly lower (p = 0.0447) than mice that continued treatment (DXM cont) but higher than untreated mice. Histopathologically, DXM stop mice did not redevelop controlled granulomas by sacrifice, though T-cells were densely scattered throughout the lesions. This demonstrates a mouse model suitable for further study to understand the immunologic components responsible for maintenance control of coccidioidomycosis.
Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Effects of CRISPR/Cas9 in Komagataella phaffii: A Budding Yeast in Distress
Authors: Schusterbauer Veronika , Fischer Jasmin E. , Gangl Sarah , Schenzle Lisa , Rinnofner Claudia , Geier Martina , Sailer Christian , Glieder Anton , Thallinger Gerhard G.
Published: September 2022

The industrially important non-conventional yeast Komagataella phaffii suffers from low rates of homologous recombination, making site specific genetic engineering tedious. Therefore, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas represents a simple and efficient alternative. To characterize on- and off-target mutations caused by CRISPR/Cas9 followed by non-homologous end joining repair, we chose a diverse set of CRISPR/Cas targets and conducted whole genome sequencing on 146 CRISPR/Cas9 engineered single colonies. We compared the outcomes of single target CRISPR transformations to double target experiments. Furthermore, we examined the extent of possible large deletions by targeting a large genomic region, which is likely to be non-essential. The analysis of on-target mutations showed an unexpectedly high number of large deletions and chromosomal rearrangements at the CRISPR target loci. We also observed an increase of on-target structural variants in double target experiments as compared to single target experiments. Targeting of two loci within a putatively non-essential region led to a truncation of chromosome 3 at the target locus in multiple cases, causing the deletion of 20 genes and several ribosomal DNA repeats. The identified de novo off-target mutations were rare and randomly distributed, with no apparent connection to unspecific CRISPR/Cas9 off-target binding sites.
Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterizations Reveal Five New Species of Astrothelium (Trypetheliales, Ascomycota) from China
Authors: Jiang Shu-Hua , Zhang Chao , Xue Xian-Dong , Aptroot André , Wei Jiang-Chun , Wei Xin-Li
Published: September 2022

The lichenized fungal genus Astrothelium is an important element of crustose lichen communities in tropical to subtropical forests. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic approaches to investigate species diversity of Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae) from Southern China were carried out in this study. Bayesian and maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses were generated based on the combined data set of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial regions of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene sequences (RPB1). The morphological comparison with the known Astrothelium taxa and molecular phylogeny support five new species: Astrothelium jiangxiense sp. nov., A. luminothallinum sp. nov., A. pseudocrassum sp. nov., A. subeustominspersum sp. nov., and A. subrufescens sp. nov. All these species are described and illustrated in detail.
Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant: Risk Factors, Consequences and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Ponticelli Claudio , Reggiani Francesco , Moroni Gabriella
Published: September 2022

Background. Delayed graft function is a frequent complication of kidney transplantation that requires dialysis in the first week posttransplant. Materials and Methods. We searched for the most relevant articles in the National Institutes of Health library of medicine, as well as in transplantation, pharmacologic, and nephrological journals. Results. The main factors that may influence the development of delayed graft function (DGF) are ischemia–reperfusion injury, the source and the quality of the donated kidney, and the clinical management of the recipient. The pathophysiology of ischemia–reperfusion injury is complex and involves kidney hypoxia related to the duration of warm and cold ischemia, as well as the harmful effects of blood reperfusion on tubular epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is more frequent and severe in kidneys from deceased donors than in those from living donors. Of great importance is the quality and function of the donated kidney. Kidneys from living donors and those with normal function can provide better results. In the peri-operative management of the recipient, great attention should be paid to hemodynamic stability and blood pressure; nephrotoxic medicaments should be avoided. Over time, patients with DGF may present lower graft function and survival compared to transplant recipients without DGF. Maladaptation repair, mitochondrial dysfunction, and acute rejection may explain the worse long-term outcome in patients with DGF. Many different strategies meant to prevent DGF have been evaluated, but only prolonged perfusion of dopamine and hypothermic machine perfusion have proven to be of some benefit. Whenever possible, a preemptive transplant from living donor should be preferred.
Assessing Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Landscape Attributes in Lithuania
Authors: Rocchi Lucia , Novikova Anastasija , Vaznonis Bernardas
Published: September 2022

Agricultural activities play an important role in shaping landscape, in particular, in Lithuania, where agricultural land accounts for more than half of the surface land. These landscape services are used by people as public goods, contributing to societal welfare. The aim of this study is to assess the value of agricultural landscape, identifying consumer preferences and willingness to pay for agricultural landscape attributes using the choice experiment (CE) method. The article analyses the agricultural landscape services and attributes the condition of which depends directly on the farming systems and practices applied. Four attributes of agricultural landscape were selected for the research: (i) scenic views; (ii) variety of flora and fauna species, (iii) recreational infrastructure and services, and (iv) objects of cultural heritage. The latent class approach (LCA) was used for analysis of heterogenous preferences among the Lithuanian residents. The findings provided quantitative information related to the demand for agricultural landscape goods, identifying a particular interest for the objects of cultural heritage, in relation to which the willingness to pay is particularly high. It is necessary to understand and analyse the preferences for agricultural landscape services with the purpose of improvement of the agricultural policy measures in order to change the farmers’ performance towards sustainability. The case study offers new empirical arguments for agri-environmental policy development.
Code-Switching by Spanish–English Bilingual Children in a Code-Switching Conversation Sample: Roles of Language Proficiency, Interlocutor Behavior, and Parent-Reported Code-Switching Experience
Authors: Gross Megan C. , López González Ada C. , Girardin Maria G. , Almeida Adriana M.
Published: September 2022

Code-switching is a complex bilingual behavior that can be affected by a variety of factors related to characteristics of the speaker, the interlocutor, and the broader sociolinguistic context. A better understanding of these factors is important for interpreting children’s use of code-switching in different elicitation contexts across research studies and in applied settings, such as language sample analysis for clinical assessment. In the current study, we used a conversation sample protocol with a code-switching adult interlocutor to examine the use of English, Spanish, intra-sentential and inter-sentential code-switching, and alignment with the interlocutor by Spanish/English bilingual children with a wide range of language abilities. In a single-language comparison condition, the same examiner engaged the child in conversation using only English or only Spanish. Key findings include that children exhibited limited use of code-switching in the English condition and similar frequency of code-switching in the Spanish, compared to the code-switching, conditions. Children exhibited a tendency to align with the examiner in their use of English vs. Spanish and their use of intra-sentential code-switching during the code-switching context, although they generally code-switched less than the examiner. There was also considerable variability across children. Predictors of this variability included children’s age and language proficiency. However, language proficiency was not associated with the frequency of children’s intra-sentential code-switching in a code-switching context. Parent-report measures of code-switching experience exhibited limited associations with the children’s observed code-switching behavior; inter-sentential switches into English showed the most direct associations. Based on the findings from this exploratory study, we highlight the importance of including a code-switching context when analyzing language samples from bilingual children, considering both the target child and the interlocutor’s behavior, and continuing to refine indirect report measures of code-switching experience.
Type of ANCA May Be Indispensable in Distinguishing Subphenotypes of Different Clinical Entities in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Konstantouli Afroditi Maria , Lioulios Georgios , Stai Stamatia , Moysidou Eleni , Fylaktou Asimina , Papagianni Aikaterini , Stangou Maria
Published: September 2022

The traditional nomenclature system for classifying antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) based on clinical phenotype describes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) as distinct clinical entities. This classification has proved its expedience in clinical trials and everyday clinical practice; yet, a substantial overlap in clinical presentation still exists and often causes difficulties in prompt definition and clinical distinction. Additionally, new insights into the AAV pathogenesis point out that PR3 and MPO-AAV may not represent expressions of the same disease spectrum but rather two distinct disorders, as they display significant differences. Thus, it is supported that a classification based on ANCA serotype (PR3-ANCA, MPO-ANCA or ANCA-negative) could be more accurate and also closer to the nature of the disease compared to the phenotype-based one. This review aims to elucidate the major differences between PR3 and MPO-AAV in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, histological and clinical manifestations and response to therapeutic approaches.
Tribological Aspects Concerning the Study of Overhead Crane Brakes
Authors: Ungureanu Miorita , Medan Nicolae , Ungureanu Nicolae Stelian , Pop Nicolae , Nadolny Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study is the tribological analysis of the crane drum brakes. A theoretical analysis of the wear processes for brake lining was performed and the coefficient of friction under tribological conditions was determined experimentally simulating the operating conditions for three types of brakes. The theoretical study of the wear was oriented towards of determining the lifetime of the brake lining. In the experimental determination of the coefficient of friction, the following parameters were taken into account: the contact pressure between the shoe and the drum; the initial speed of the brake drum; the humidity of the working environment; and the temperature of the drum-brake lining friction surfaces. After performing the experiments, a statistical analysis was conducted, that shows the amount the coefficient of friction is influenced by the previously mentioned parameters: the highest weight was humidity with a value of 35.58%, followed by temperature with a percentage of 23.95%, velocity with 4.54%, and lastly pressure with 4.19%. Furthermore, the equation that expresses the dependence between the coefficient of friction and the parameters is determined. We consider that the results obtained are important for brake manufacturers in order to improve braking efficiency and the safety of overhead cranes.
The Significant Effect of Mechanical Treatment on Ceramic Coating for Biomedical Application
Authors: Abdullah Arman Shah , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nasrun , Othuman Mydin Md Azree , Sari Marti Widya , Ahmad Romisuhani , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri
Published: September 2022

Titanium and its alloys are commonly preferred materials used for biomedical implants. However, these alloys have issues related to corrosion resistance as a result of the aggressive attack of human body fluids. Several researchers have attempted to produce a ceramic coating via physical vapour deposition (PVD). A PVD layer consists of pores, pinholes, and columnar growth that attack the substrate as an aggressive medium. The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic vibration parameters on a TiN-coated biomedical Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy. This study used TiN to formulate and coat disk-type samples in a fixed condition. Ultrasonic vibration at fixed frequencies was applied to TiN-coated samples for three sets of exposure times. The findings revealed that all TiN-coated samples exposed to ultrasonic vibration had improved corrosion resistance compared to untreated samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to analyse sample’s microstructures. The top parameter (16 kHz and 11 min) yielded the most compact coating. Ultrasonic vibration’s hammering effect decreased the size of microchannels in the lining and reduced the rate of corrosion attack. The nanoindentation test showed that coated ultrasonic treated samples had a higher hardness/elasticity (H/E) ratio than untreated samples.
A Thermo-Mechanical Stress Based Fatigue Life Evaluation of a Mine Hoist Drum Brake System Using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Radu Sorin Mihai , Popescu Florin Dumitru , Andraș Andrei , Virág Zoltán , Brînaș Ildiko , Draica Manuel-Ionuț
Published: September 2022

In this study, the fatigue usage factors for Findley and Matake stress-based criteria were determined in the case of an MK5×2 mine hoist drum brake system subjected to cyclic maneuver braking. The study was conducted for this type of brake system, because the majority of mine hoists in Romanian mines are equipped with this brake type, being in operation for several decades. A geometric model of the brake was built using SolidWorks and imported in COMSOL Multiphysics to perform thermo-mechanical simulations. Based on the deformations and von Mises stresses determined by the thermomechanical simulation and, considering the calculated endurance limits of the brake system materials, Matake and Findley fatigue life evaluation simulations from COMSOL’s fatigue module were conducted. The results show that the highest fatigue is expected on the drum lining surface towards the exit point from under the brake shoe in both cases, and the values of the usage factor of 0.307 (Findley) and 0.401 (Matake) are both under the critical value 1, meaning that the stress limit has not been exceeded for the brake system components and, thus, failure is not expected. Simulations were conducted considering an estimated 1.06 × 105 cycles during one year, more than both the usual service/replacement interval of the friction components of the brake, and the period of mandatory technical inspections imposed by regulations.
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Identifying and Localizing Abnormal Parathyroid Glands: A Review Study
Authors: Apostolopoulos Ioannis D. , Papandrianos Nikolaos I. , Papageorgiou Elpiniki I. , Apostolopoulos Dimitris J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, and specifically Deep Learning (DL) methods, demonstrate substantial performance in detecting and classifying medical images. Recent clinical studies have reported novel optical technologies which enhance the localization or assess the viability of Parathyroid Glands (PG) during surgery, or preoperatively. These technologies could become complementary to the surgeon’s eyes and may improve surgical outcomes in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Methods: The study explores and reports the use of AI methods for identifying and localizing PGs, Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), Parathyroid Adenoma (PTA), and Multiglandular Disease (MGD). Results: The review identified 13 publications that employ Machine Learning and DL methods for preoperative and operative implementations. Conclusions: AI can aid in PG, PHPT, PTA, and MGD detection, as well as PG abnormality discrimination, both during surgery and non-invasively.
Usefulness of KL-6 for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Park Mikyoung , Hur Mina , Kim Hanah , Lee Chae Hoon , Lee Jong Ho , Nam Minjeong
Published: September 2022

Background: Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) is a novel biomarker for interstitial lung disease, and it reflects acute lung injury. We explored the usefulness of KL-6 to predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: In a total of 48 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, KL-6 levels were measured using the HISCL KL-6 assay (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) with the HISCL 5000 automated analyzer (Sysmex). Clinical outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, ventilator use, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO] use, and 30-day mortality) were analyzed according to KL-6 percentiles. Age, initial KL-6 level, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and critical disease were compared using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier methods for clinical outcomes. Results: KL-6 quartiles were associated with ICU admission, ventilator use, and ECMO use (all p < 0.05), except 30-day mortality (p = 0.187). On ROC curve analysis, initial KL-6 level predicted ICU admission, ventilator use, and ECMO use significantly better than age, CCI, and critical disease (all p < 0.05); age, initial KL-6 level, CCI, and critical disease predicted 30-day mortality comparably. On Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 4.8 (1.2–19.3) for age, 4.7 (1.1–21.6) for initial KL-6 level, 3.9 (0.9–16.2) for CCI, and 2.1 (0.5–10.3) for critical disease. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that KL-6 could be a useful biomarker to predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. KL-6 may contribute to identifying COVID-19 patients requiring critical care, including ICU admission and ventilator and/or ECMO use.
Progress of Diabetic Macular Edema after Loading Injection of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Real-World Cases
Authors: Enomoto Hiroko , Sugimoto Masahiko , Asami Shin , Kondo Mineo
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the recurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME) after loading an injection of anti-VEGF agents by a pro re nata (PRN) protocol using central retinal thickness (CRT) as a re-injection criterion. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational single-center study. DME patients with a central retinal thickness (CRT) over 350 μm received a PRN injection of anti-VEGF agents following one to three consecutive monthly loading injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) for 6 months from January 2012 to June 2019. Results: We enrolled a total of 72 eyes for loading injections and the mean CRT improved from 434.04 ± 139.4 μm (before treatment) to 362.9 ± 125.0 μm after the loading injection. One week after injection, 36 eyes (50%) obtained a CRT of ≤350 μm. Fourteen eyes (19.4%) remained with a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months without additional injections. A total of 22 eyes (30.6%) had a CRT of >350 μm at 6 months. Fifteen eyes did not receive additional injections because of visual improvement. Conclusions: About 20% of DME patients can be maintained at a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months with only a loading injection. However, there is a tendency to delay additional injections for patients with recurrences using PRN protocol.
Percutaneous N-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate Embolization for Treating Ruptured Pancreaticoduodenal Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Jang Joo Yeon , Kim Jin Hyeok , Kim Tae Un , Ryu Hwaseong , Lee Tae Beom , Ryu Je Ho , Jeon Ung Bae
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives: Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are rare visceral artery aneurysms. Interventional treatments, including transcatheter embolization, have an acceptable success rate. We report a case of ruptured pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm that was successfully treated with percutaneous N-Butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization after failed transcatheter embolization. Materials and Methods: A 53-year-old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a ruptured aneurysm in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) with retrohemoperitoneum. The patient underwent percutaneous NBCA embolization after transcatheter embolization failure. Results: On CT, the pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm was completely embolized. No additional bleeding events occurred. Conclusions: Percutaneous NBCA embolization is safe and effective for treating patients with ruptured pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms after failed transcatheter embolization.
The Potential of Cardiac Telerehabilitation as Delivery Rehabilitation Care Model in Heart Failure during COVID-19 and Transmissible Disease Outbreak: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Latest RCTs
Authors: Maulana Sidik , Trisyani Yanny , Mirwanti Ristina , Amirah Shakira , Kohar Kelvin , Priyatmoko Putri Aprilia Inggritika , Novianti Evi
Published: September 2022

Background and objective: Patients with heart failure are a high-risk group who may have a higher mortality rate if infected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem of a patient’s non-adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs is still a challenge, resulting in disappointing long-term benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. Telehealth, including telerehabilitation, has grown in popularity to improve access to quality healthcare. It is more valuable and safer compared to usual rehabilitation care, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, to cut down unnecessary hospital visits and reduce the risk of cluster infections. This study aims to identify the efficacy of relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) using telerehabilitation in managing heart failure. The model, delivery care, safety, and efficacy were assessed. Material and Methods: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The authors included relevant records published in the last ten years from three databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, and EBSCO. Each included study was further assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias (Rob 2) tool. Results: The telerehabilitation models consisted of cellphones, instant messaging, or online videoconferencing software. Some also included tool sets to monitor patients’ vital signs regularly or during exercise. Most patients adhered to and completed all provided programs. Cardiac telerehabilitation successfully improved patients’ physical fitness, quality of life, and mental health. No major adverse outcomes or significant complications were associated with the program. Conclusion: Cardiac telerehabilitation has the potential to deliver rehabilitation for heart failure patients, evidenced by its feasibility, efficacy, and safety. As a future perspective, this delivery care type can be applied throughout transmissible disease outbreaks or even globally.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Elective Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Lessons to Be Learned
Authors: Feier Catalin Vladut Ionut , Bardan Razvan , Muntean Calin , Olariu Andra , Olariu Sorin
Published: September 2022

The review investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the elective surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and the modifications of the duration of hospital stay scheduled for the surgery. Most of the studies included in our analysis showed a decrease in the number of elective surgical procedures applied to patients with colorectal cancer, varying from 14% to 70% worldwide. We have also observed a significant shortening of the hospital stay in most of the cases, associated with a longer waiting time until hospital admission. In the end, we have performed a synthesis of all the valuable data and advice gathered from real life observations, proposing a strategy to deal with the pandemic and with the large number of cancer patients accumulated during these difficult times.
Interdental Papillary Reconstruction by Microtunnelling Technique Using Autologous Biomatrices—A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Gadi Sindhura , Subramanian Sangeetha , Prakash P. S. G. , Appukuttan Devapriya , Thanigaimalai Abirami , Bahammam Maha A. , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Halawani Ibrahim F. , Alnfiai Mrim M. , Balaji Thodur Madapusi , Patil Shankargouda
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the amount of papillary gain and black triangle height reduction after intervention with a microtunnelling technique with either Connective tissue graft (CTG) or Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a biomatrix at 6 months using a microsurgical approach. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with interdental papillary loss were included in the study. The patients were selected randomly for the study groups with thirteen patients in each group: a control group where CTG was utilised as a matrix, and a test group where PRF was utilised as a matrix, for interdental papillary reconstruction. A microtunnelling technique was performed for both the study groups under a surgical microscope. The primary parameters assessed were interdental Papillary height (PH) and Black triangle height (BTH) at baseline, with secondary parameters Visual analogue score by dentist (VAS-D) and patient (VAS-P) assessed at 6 months. Results: Both the control and test groups showed a significant reduction in BTH within their respective group at six months (p < 0.05). The gain in papillary height significantly improved only in the CTG group at 6 months. However, significant differences could not be demonstrated for any of the variables such as BTH (p value = 0.582) and PH (p-value = 0.892) between the study groups at 6 months. Conclusions: IDP reconstruction utilising a microtunnelling approach with CTG or PRF was successful without any significant differences between the groups for the parameters assessed at 6 months.
The Impact of Revascularization in a Patient with Atypical Manifestations of Hypoperfusion
Authors: Strautmane Sintija , Priede Zanda , Millers Andrejs
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives: Carotid revascularization is one of the most effective treatment options in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis causing hypoperfusion in basal ganglia. Atypical manifestations include hyperkinetic movements, noted as extremely rare. We report a case about a patient with 2-months-long complaints of Uncontrollable movements in his right side of the body subsided after carotid revascularization. Case presentation: A 71-year-old male was admitted to Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital with the main complaints of 2-months-long uncontrollable movements in his right hand and his right leg. When performing coordination tasks, slight inaccuracy was noted with the right-side extremities. Hyperkinetic movements—choreoathetosis in the right side of the patient’s face, arm, and leg—were seen. Computed tomography angiography revealed subocclusion in the proximal segment of the left internal carotid artery and 30% stenosis in the proximal segment of the right internal carotid artery. The patient was consulted by a vascular surgeon. Eversion endarterectomy of the left internal carotid artery was performed. The early postoperative period occurred without complications. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 days after the surgery in good overall health condition. Two months later, choreoathetotic movements in his right side of the body had markedly decreased. No focal neurologic deficits were noted. Conclusions: Revascularization may be effective by eliminating emboli and stenosis, leading to hypoperfusion in watershed territories. A case of a 71-year-old male patient with the main complaints of 2-months-long uncontrollable movements in his right side of the body subsiding after carotid revascularization was demonstrated. It is vital to recognize atypical manifestations of hypoperfusion, associated with stenosis in internal carotid arteries, to early make a diagnosis, to perform an appropriate treatment, and to reduce the risk of cerebral infarction in the future, resulting in a longer high-quality life for the patient.
Characterisation and Colour Response of Smart Sago Starch-Based Packaging Films Incorporated with Brassica oleracea Anthocyanin
Authors: Che Hamzah Nurul Husna , Khairuddin Nozieana , Muhamad Ida Idayu , Hassan Mohd Ali , Ngaini Zainab , Sarbini Shahrul Razid
Published: September 2022

To meet the need for food products to be safe and fresh, smart food packaging that can monitor and give information about the quality of packaged food has been developed. In this study, pH-sensitive films with sago starch and various anthocyanin concentrations of Brassica oleracea also known as red cabbage anthocyanin (RCA) at 8, 10, 12, and 14% (w/v) were manufactured using the solvent casting process. Investigation of the physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the films was performed and analysed. The response of these materials against pH changes was evaluated with buffers of different pH. When the films were exposed to a series of pH buffers (pH 3, 5, 9, 11, and 13), the RCA-associated films displayed a spectacular colour response. In addition, the ability of the starch matrix to overcome the leaching and release of anthocyanins was investigated. Higher concentrations of RCA can maintain the colour difference of films after being immersed in a series of buffer solutions ranging from acidic to basic conditions. Other than that, incorporating RCA extracts into the starch formulation increased the thickness whereas the water content, swelling degree, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased as compared to films without RCA. The immobilisation of anthocyanin into the film was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. The surface patterns of films were heterogeneous and irregular due to the presence of RCA extract aggregates, which increased as the extract concentration enhanced. However, this would not affect the properties of films. An increase in thermal stability was noted for the anthocyanin-containing films at the final stage of degradation in TGA analysis. It is concluded that RCA and sago starch formulation has great potential to be explored for food packaging purposes.
The Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of a Novel Extruded Titanium Alloy
Authors: Cui Ning , Chen Saihao , Xu Tiewei , Sun Wei , Lv Binjiang , Zhang Shuling , Niu Hongzhi , Kong Fantao
Published: September 2022

Titanium alloys are widely used in marine engineering and other industries. To broaden their application, a novel (α + β) titanium alloy Ti−6Al−3Mo−2Zr−2Fe was studied in this work. A tube with an outer diameter of 60mm, inner diameter of 38 mm, and length of 500 mm was produced by ingot metallurgy and hot extrusion. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the tube were systematically analyzed. The as−extruded Ti−6Al−3Mo−2Zr−2Fe alloy exhibited a typical duplex microstructure. EBSD observation showed that a strong <10 1¯0>//RD fiber texture of an α phase with a close−packed hexagonal structure was formed in the radial direction. The transformation temperature Tβ was determined to be 880–890 °C. A duplex microstructure with fine α platelets was obtained when the alloy was solution−treated at 850 °C for 1 h and underwent an aging treatment at 550 °C for 6 h. The room−temperature tensile strength and elongation of the aged alloy reached 1081.5 MPa and 6.5%, respectively. The corrosion resistance was tested by open circuit potential and a potentiodynamic polarization curve. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the Ti−6Al−3Mo−2Zr−2Fe alloy was better than that of the commonly used TC4 alloy in both a 3.5% NaCl solution and an acidic solution.
Research Progress on Slip Behavior of α-Ti under Quasi-Static Loading: A Review
Authors: Zhang Runqi , Zhao Qinyang , Zhao Yongqing , Guo Dizi , Du Yu
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the dislocation slip behavior of α phase in α, near α and α + β titanium alloys dominated by α-Ti deformation under quasi-static loading. The relation of slip activity, slip transfer, slip blocking, twinning and crack initiation is discussed, mainly combined with in situ tensile technology. The slip behavior in Ti-alloys is analyzed in detail from the aspects of critical resolved shear stress (CRSS), grain orientation distribution and geometric compatibility factor m′. In addition, slip blocking is an important factor of the formation of twins and micro-cracks. The interaction of slip behavior and interfaces is clarified systematically. Finally, the insufficiency of current research, future research directions and key difficulties of study are also discussed.
Trends and Interdependence of Solar Radiation and Air Temperature—A Case Study from Germany
Authors: Behr Hein Dieter
Published: September 2022

This study characterizes the spatiotemporal solar radiation and air temperature patterns and their dependence on the general atmospheric circulation characterized by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index in Germany from 1991 to 2015. Germany was selected as the study area because it can be subdivided into three climatologically different regions: the North German lowlands are under the maritime influence of the North and Baltic Seas. Several low mountain ranges dominate Germany’s center. In the south, the highest low mountain ranges and the Alps govern solar radiation and air temperature differently. Solar radiation and air temperature patterns were studied in the context of the NAO index using daily values from satellite and ground measurements. The most significant long-term solar radiation increase was observed in spring, mainly due to seasonal changes in cloud cover. Air temperature shows a noticeable increase in spring and autumn. Solar radiation and air temperature were significantly correlated in spring and autumn, with correlation coefficient values up to 0.93. In addition, a significant dependence of solar radiation and air temperature on the NAO index was revealed, with correlation coefficient values greater than 0.66. The results obtained are important not only for studies on the climate of the study area but also for photovoltaic system operators to design their systems. They need to be massively expanded to support Germany’s climate neutrality ambitions until 2045.