bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Anthropometrics Characteristics, Somatotype and Motor Skill in Karate and Non-Athletes // Razlike u antropometrijskim karakteristikama, somatotipu i motoričkim sposobnostima karatista i nesportista
Authors: Blerim Saiti , Zarko Kostovski , Visar Ganiu , Agron Ademi , Egzon Shalja
Published: January 2018

Anthropometric characteristics aim to improve the performance in many sports. Morphological status of top athletes is relatively homogeneous, depending on the sport, and can be defined as a pattern for the achievements of athletes (Misigoj-Duraković, Matković, &Medved, 1995). Somatotype reflects the overall appearance of the human body and gives meaning to the total morphological status of the human body (Ross, Ward, Leahy, & Day 1982). Our research was conducted with the main objective to identify the differences in anthropometric characteristics somatotype and some basic motor skills in karate and non-athletes. The research was conducted on 100 male subjects 17-18 years, karate (50) and non-athletes (50). The purpose of this study is to define the differences in anthropometric characteristics, somatotypes and basic motor skills in karate and non-athletes. The pattern of the anthropometric measures is defined by ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropmetry), except the variables: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF %) and lean body mass (ALBM), which are calculated according to the methodology During Womerslay, while the variable (HWR) derives from the software program somatotype 1.2, the pattern of motor skill is defined by battery of Eurofit testing. For determining the differences between the two groups of respondents, a t-test for independent samples is applied, while the evaluation of the somatotypes was done according to the methodology by Heath-Carter with 10 anthropometric measurements. Based on the obtained results of measurements from both groups respondents, was proved that there are no statistically significant differences in anthropometric measures. Based on our study, while in karate we found balanced mesomorph somatotype 3.07-4.28-2.85 in non-athletes we find endomorphic mesomorph somatotype 3.47-4.96-2.67. Statistically significant differences on the components of somatotypes exist at mesomorph component. Differences in the motor skill were found in favor of karate athletes.
Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis (Bufonidae) in Egypt. New data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Morsy Kareem , Ali Sara , Abdel Ghaffar Fathy , El Fayoumi Hoda , Abdel Haleem Heba
Published: January 2018

Background and Aims. Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) is one of the highly pathogenic nematode parasites infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides the morphological description of this nematode isolated from the lung of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis collected from its natural habitat; the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. The description was based on the data obtained from light and scanning electron microscopic examination. Methods. Forty specimens of the examined animals were collected during the period from March to August 2017. At necropsy, the toads were dissected ventrally from the cloacae region to the anterior end and all organs were examined searching for helminthes using a stereomicroscope. Results. Of 40 examined specimens 14 (35%) were found to harbor a large number of this parasite. All the recovered worms were females and measuring 3.22-9.86 mm long and 0.09-0.048 mm wide at mid body. The anterior end was blunted while the posterior one was tapered. The body was covered by a delicate inflation of the cuticle strongly folded on its surface. Conclusions. The SEM study presented new details regarding the cephalic end of this nematode which was not identified in the previous studies, of them, a slit-like mouth surrounded by two pairs of lateral papillae and two amphids. Also, three pairs of cuticular inflation supporting the area around mouth opening were observed
MukB ATPases are regulated independently by the N- and C-terminal domains of MukF kleisin
Authors: Zawadzka Katarzyna , Zawadzki Pawel , Baker Rachel , Rajasekar Karthik V , Wagner Florence , Sherratt David J , Arciszewska Lidia K
Published: January 2018

The Escherichia coli SMC complex, MukBEF, acts in chromosome segregation. MukBEF shares the distinctive architecture of other SMC complexes, with one prominent difference; unlike other kleisins, MukF forms dimers through its N-terminal domain. We show that a 4-helix bundle adjacent to the MukF dimerisation domain interacts functionally with the MukB coiled-coiled ‘neck’ adjacent to the ATPase head. We propose that this interaction leads to an asymmetric tripartite complex, as in other SMC complexes. Since MukF dimerisation is preserved during this interaction, MukF directs the formation of dimer of dimer MukBEF complexes, observed previously in vivo. The MukF N- and C-terminal domains stimulate MukB ATPase independently and additively. We demonstrate that impairment of the MukF interaction with MukB in vivo leads to ATP hydrolysis-dependent release of MukBEF complexes from chromosomes.
Prenatal care: nurses’ testimonial / Assistência ao pré-natal: depoimento de enfermeiras
Authors: Leal Natalia de Jesus , Claudino Barreiro Maria do Socorro , Mendes Rosemar Barbosa , Cartaxo Freitas Carla kalline Alves
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a assistência ao pré-natal de baixo risco realizada pelo enfermeiro no município de Lagarto/Se. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 11 enfermeiras que fazem a consulta pré-natal. O instrumento de coleta de dados contempla informações acerca do perfil das profissionais, as estratégias que as mesmas utilizam para atingir os indicadores de qualidade da assistência pré-natal e sua atuação frente às gestantes. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, enquanto os dados qualitativos foram analisados de acordo com Bardin, emergindo três categorias analíticas. Resultados: Tornou-se evidente que o pré-natal de baixo risco no município de Lagarto realizado pelos enfermeiros é feito de forma satisfatória, sendo que ainda há necessidade de estratégias para a melhoria do atendimento as gestantes. Conclusões: são necessárias qualificações profissionais e educação permanente para enfermeiros voltados a atuação do pré-natal, com o principal objetivo de melhorar prognósticos, reduzir riscos e prestar o melhor cuidado a gestante.
Disease prevalence in infectious Care Center of Users of Psychosocial Caxias-MA / Prevalência de doenças infecciosas em usuários de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Caxias-MA
Authors: Santos da Silva Aglaupy Sabrina , Santos Costa Francisca Jessica Lima , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira , Das Neves Fabrício Máximo , De Assis Jefferson Teodoro
Published: January 2018

Objetivo:. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de HIV, síflis, hepatite B e hepatite C, em usuários de CAPS III de Caxias-MA. Métodos:.  Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial da cidade de Caxias- Ma. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro para análise de prontuário para dados sociodemograficos e sobre as sorologias de HIV, sífilis, hepatites B e C em 300 prontuários. Resultados:. Os resultados demonstraram que 50% dos pesquisados residiam na cidade de Caxias, 30 e 39 anos (26,3%), ensino fundamental incompleto (37,7%), a maioria tinham diagnóstico psiquiátrico de esquizofrenia (22%). As prevalências gerais foram 4,5% para sífilis, 13,4% para hepatite B e não foram encontradas prevalências para HIV e hepatite C. Conclusão:. Mecanismos para estimular estes serviços a implementarem programas de educação em saúde sexual voltados para a prevenção e cuidado dessas doenças, bem como mecanismos de prevenção.
The nursing work in care of hospitalized elderly: limits and particularities / O trabalho de enfermagem no cuidado ao idoso hospitalizado: limites e particularidades
Authors: Zanin Sanguino Gabriel , Previato Giselle Fernanda , De Fátima Silva Andressa , Camboin Meireles Viviani , De Freitas Góes Herbert Leopoldo , Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera Vanessa
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso em diversos cenários de um hospital geral, com ênfase no preparo profissional, limites e particularidades das práticas assistenciais. Método: Pesquisa exploratória de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um hospital universitário público, por entrevista aberta, com 15 profissionais de enfermagem que executavam cuidados a pacientes idosos. Resultado: Identificou-se que o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado enfrenta limites e dificuldades de distintas origens; que o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado requer atenção peculiar imposta pelas características do envelhecimento; e que o cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado é facilitado pela prática colaborativa. Conclusão: Foram apontadas distintas dificuldades no cuidado de enfermagem a idosos hospitalizados, assim como a necessidade de uma assistência direcionada a especificidades do indivíduo idoso e o quanto a colaboração interprofissional permite um cuidado mais individualizado e efetivo para essa população.
Determinants of high blood pressure in children: a case-control study in a rural area of the Espírito Santo State / Determinantes da pressão arterial elevada em crianças: um estudo caso-controle em área rural do Espírito Santo
Authors: Brandão-Souza Camila , Dourado Claudia Souza , Quinte Gabriela Callo , Justo Gláucia Figueiredo , Molina Maria Del Carmen Bisi
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os fatores preditores da ocorrência da pressão arterial elevada em crianças de 7 a 10 anos de um município rural no Espírito Santo. Métodos: Foram constituídos dois grupos de estudo: os casos (PAS ou PAD ≥ P95) e os controles (PA <P90). Houve pareamento por sexo e idade. A amostra foi composta por sorteio sistemático e foram avaliadas 395 crianças, 79 casos e 316 controles. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso nos casos foi de 8,9% e nos controles de 11,1%, o sedentarismo esteve presente em 88,1% dos casos e em 87,9% dos controles e a média do tempo de tela foi de 97,7 minutos e 106,6 minutos por dia nos casos e controles respectivamente. Conclusão: Observou-se a necessidade da criação de políticas públicas que visam promoção da saúde para que os grupos vulneráveis recebam assistência desde a infância. Descritores: Criança, Pressão alta, Hipertensão.
Mortality due to external causes in youth in state of Bahia / Mortalidade por causas externas em jovens no estado da Bahia
Authors: Silva Rafaela Almeida , Vieira Carla Xavier , Nery Adriana Alves , Abreu Felipe Santos , Silva Neylton dos Anjos , De Jesus Luanna Rodrigues
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade por causas externas no Estado da Bahia, no período de 2000 a 2011, segundo dados sociodemográficos das vítimas, tipos de causas e taxas de mortalidade. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo de série temporal (2000 a 2011), com indivíduos nas faixas etárias de 15 a 19 anos e 20 a 29 anos e residentes no estado da Bahia. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados: foram registrados 44.536 óbitos por causas externas, especificamente devido a agressões (53,6%) sendo em sua maioria indivíduos do sexo masculino (90,7%), onde 2010 foi o ano com maior registro (CM 134,7). Conclusão: destaca-se a importância de medidas preventivas e de promoção da saúde, por meio de políticas públicas e de educação em saúde, para redução da morbimortalidade por estes agravos.Descritores: Causas Externas; Mortalidade; Jovens.
Characterization of service of a pre-hospital care service to older persons involved in fall / Caracterização do atendimento de um serviço pré-hospitalar a idosos envolvidos em queda
Authors: Franklin Thainara Araujo , Da Silva Santos Hemilena Carmo , Santos Junior Julival Andrade , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves
Published: January 2018

Introdução: O RISCO DE QUEDA EM IDOSOS É UM DOS GRAVES PROBLEMAS DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA DEVIDO À ALTA PREVALÊNCIA, AS COMPLICAÇÕES E AOS ALTOS CUSTOS PARA OS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE. Objetivo: ANALISAR AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO ATENDIMENTO DO SAMU AOS IDOSOS ENVOLVIDOS EM QUEDA NO ANO DE 2013. Métodos: ESTE É UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO, RETROSPECTIVO, DE ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL, COM ABORDAGEM QUANTITATIVA, DESENVOLVIDO NO SAMU NA CIDADE DE JEQUIÉ/BA. Resultados: A AMOSTRA FOI CONSTITUÍDA POR 183 IDOSOS VÍTIMAS DE QUEDA, COM IDADES A PARTIR DE 60 ANOS. MAIOR NÚMERO DE QUEDAS NAS MULHERES 68,3%, ENQUANTO NOS HOMENS FORAM 32,7%. A MAIORIA DAS QUEDAS OCORREU DA PRÓPRIA ALTURA, CORRESPONDENDO A 85,8%. QUANTO A IDADE, OS IDOSOS COM 80 ANOS OU MAIS SOFRERAM MAIS QUEDAS 43,7%. Conclusão: OS RESULTADOS APONTAM PARA UMA NECESSIDADE DE NOVAS PESQUISAS REFERENTES AO SERVIÇO PRÉ-HOSPITALAR COM RELAÇÃO AO ATENDIMENTO AO IDOSO.
Effects designing image and thinking the body in different spaces / Projetando imagem e pensando o corpo nos diferentes espaços
Authors: Araujo Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de , Torres Dolly Orfilia Arias , Costa Eva Maria , Azevedo Albert Lengruber de , Silva Paulo Sergio da , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de
Published: January 2018

Objetivos: Produzir diálogos a partir da criação de um desenho individual sobre a percepção do próprio corpo como elemento do cuidado em saúde; situar o corpo no espaço institucional e discutir coletivamente sua ocupação nos campos de atuação profissional, político e de poder. Método: Produção lúdica em sala de aula em curso de doutorado, com enfermeiros, médico, engenheiro e fisioterapeutas, no primeiro semestre de 2016. Se efetuou análise de conteúdo. Resultados: O corpo gera fluxos, sensibilidade, território e imaginação. Emergiram as categorias: psicodinâmica, psicopatogenia, metamorfose e desejo. Reconhecem a importância de transitar nos três campos, predominando 93% no espaço profissional, 53% no político e 53% no de poder. Alguns optaram por dois espaços simultaneamente e não houve nova criação. Conclusão: A estratégia do brincar para ensinar no ambiente dialógico permitiu participação ativa e redimensionou o pensar necessário à ocupação e desocupação dos espaços transversais no trabalho.
The Impacts of Bias in Cloud‐Radiation‐Dynamics Interactions on Central Pacific Seasonal and El Niño Simulations in Contemporary GCMs
Authors: Li J.‐L. F. , Suhas E. , Richardson Mark , Lee Wei‐Liang , Wang Yi‐Hui , Yu Jia‐Yuh , Lee Tong , Fetzer Eric , Stephens Graeme , Shen Min‐Hua
Published: January 2018

Most of the global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 do not include precipitating ice (aka falling snow) in their radiation calculations. We examine the importance of the radiative effects of precipitating ice on simulated surface wind stress and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in terms of seasonal variation and in the evolution of central Pacific El Niño (CP‐El Niño) events. Using controlled simulations with the CESM1 model, we show that the exclusion of precipitating ice radiative effects generates a persistent excessive upper‐level radiative cooling and an increasingly unstable atmosphere over convective regions such as the western Pacific and tropical convergence zones. The invigorated convection leads to persistent anomalous low‐level outflows which weaken the easterly trade winds, reducing upper‐ocean mixing and leading to a positive SST bias in the model mean state. In CP‐El Niño events, this means that outflow from the modeled convection in the central Pacific reduces winds to the east, allowing unrealistic eastward propagation of warm SST anomalies following the peak in CP‐El Niño activity. Including the radiative effects of precipitating ice reduces these model biases and improves the simulated life cycle of the CP‐El Niño. Improved simulations of present‐day tropical seasonal variations and CP‐El Niño events would increase the confidence in simulating their future behavior.
A Sporadic Topside Layer in the Ionosphere of Mars From Analysis of MGS Radio Occultation Data
Authors: Mayyasi Majd , Withers Paul , Fallows Kathryn
Published: January 2018

The topside ionosphere of Mars is subject to dynamic interactions between the planet and the surrounding space environment. Significant variations in its structure have been observed that have not been consistently investigated or explained. All 5,600 ionospheric profiles obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor Radio Science experiment are analyzed here to systematically characterize a topside ionospheric layer that is visible in ~50% of the observations. For simplicity, we refer to this layer of plasma as the M3 layer and find that it is located, on average, ~ 40 km above the main ionospheric peak and reaches average maximum concentrations of ~ 9 × 103 cm−3. The properties of this topside feature, derived from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation data set, are compared with existing findings of topside plasma enhancements at Mars observed in other data sets. Newly found characteristics in the topside layer properties are shown to support that solar radiation is not the main production source of this layer, in contrast to the behavior expected for the lower ionospheric photochemical layers at Mars. The analysis presents a set of trends that must be explained by theory for the formation mechanisms. These trends do not support some popular explanations such as Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities and crustal magnetic field localization. Occurrence rates suggest a more constant source, such precipitation from the solar wind, and possible subsequent heating. These findings shed light on the enigmatic behavior of the topside Martian ionosphere and its surrounding dynamics.
Experiments and Simulations of Fully Hydro‐Mechanically Coupled Response of Rough Fractures Exposed to High‐Pressure Fluid Injection
Authors: Vogler D. , Settgast R. R. , Annavarapu C. , Madonna C. , Bayer P. , Amann F.
Published: January 2018

In this work, we present the application of a fully coupled hydro‐mechanical method to investigate the effect of fracture heterogeneity on fluid flow through fractures at the laboratory scale. Experimental and numerical studies of fracture closure behavior in the presence of heterogeneous mechanical and hydraulic properties are presented. We compare the results of two sets of laboratory experiments on granodiorite specimens against numerical simulations in order to investigate the mechanical fracture closure and the hydro‐mechanical effects, respectively. The model captures fracture closure behavior and predicts a nonlinear increase in fluid injection pressure with loading. Results from this study indicate that the heterogeneous aperture distributions measured for experiment specimens can be used as model input for a local cubic law model in a heterogeneous fracture to capture fracture closure behavior and corresponding fluid pressure response.
Biophysical characterisation of the recombinant human frataxin precursor
Authors: Castro Ignacio Hugo , Ferrari Alejandro , Herrera María Georgina , Noguera Martín Ezequiel , Maso Lorenzo , Benini Monica , Rufini Alessandra , Testi Roberto , Costantini Paola , Santos Javier
Published: January 2018

Friedreich's ataxia is a disease caused by a decrease in the levels of expression or loss of functionality of the mitochondrial protein frataxin (FXN). The development of an active and stable recombinant variant of FXN is important for protein replacement therapy. Although valuable data about the mature form FXN81‐210 has been collected, not enough information is available about the conformation of the frataxin precursor (FXN1‐210). We investigated the conformation, stability and function of a recombinant precursor variant (His6‐TAT‐FXN1‐210), which includes a TAT peptide in the N‐terminal region to assist with transport across cell membranes. His6‐TAT‐FXN1‐210 was expressed in Escherichia coli and conditions were found for purifying folded protein free of aggregation, oxidation or degradation, even after freezing and thawing. The protein was found to be stable and monomeric, with the N‐terminal stretch (residues 1–89) mostly unstructured and the C‐terminal domain properly folded. The experimental data suggest a complex picture for the folding process of full‐length frataxin in vitro: the presence of the N‐terminal region increased the tendency of FXN to aggregate at high temperatures but this could be avoided by the addition of low concentrations of GdmCl. The purified precursor was translocated through cell membranes. In addition, immune response against His6‐TAT‐FXN1‐210 was measured, suggesting that the C‐terminal fragment was not immunogenic at the assayed protein concentrations. Finally, the recognition of recombinant FXN by cellular proteins was studied to evaluate its functionality. In this regard, cysteine desulfurase NFS1/ISD11/ISCU was activated in vitro by His6‐TAT‐FXN1‐210. Moreover, the results showed that His6‐TAT‐FXN1‐210 can be ubiquitinated in vitro by the recently identified frataxin E3 ligase RNF126, in a similar way as the FXN1‐210, suggesting that the His6‐TAT extension does not interfere with the ubiquitination machinery.
Method for automatic detection of defective ultrasound linear array transducers based on uniformity assessment of clinical images — A case study
Authors: Lorentsson Robert , Hosseini Nasser , Johansson Jan‐Olof , Rosenberg Wiebke , Stenborg Benny , Månsson Lars Gunnar , Båth Magnus
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the present study was to test an idea of and describe a concept of a novel method of detecting defects related to horizontal nonuniformities in ultrasound equipment. The method is based on the analysis of ultrasound images collected directly from the clinical workflow. In total over 31000 images from three ultrasound scanners from two vendors were collected retrospectively from a database. An algorithm was developed and applied to the images, 150 at a time, for detection of systematic dark regions in the superficial part of the images. The result was compared with electrical measurements (FirstCall) of the transducers, performed at times when the transducers were known to be defective. The algorithm made similar detection of horizontal nonuniformities for images acquired at different time points over long periods of time. The results showed good subjective visual agreement with the available electrical measurements of the defective transducers, indicating a potential use of clinical images for early and automatic detection of defective transducers, as a complement to quality control.
Enhancing Molecular n‐Type Doping of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers by Tailoring Side Chains
Authors: Liu Jian , Qiu Li , Alessandri Riccardo , Qiu Xinkai , Portale Giuseppe , Dong JingJin , Talsma Wytse , Ye Gang , Sengrian Aprizal Akbar , Souza Paulo C. T. , Loi Maria Antonietta , Chiechi Ryan C. , Marrink Siewert J. , Hummelen Jan C. , Koster L. Jan Anton
Published: January 2018

In this contribution, for the first time, the molecular n‐doping of a donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymer achieving 200‐fold enhancement of electrical conductivity by rationally tailoring the side chains without changing its D–A backbone is successfully improved. Instead of the traditional alkyl side chains for poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl](NDI)‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (N2200), polar triethylene glycol type side chains is utilized and a high electrical conductivity of 0.17 S cm−1 after doping with (4‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)dimethylamine is achieved, which is the highest reported value for n‐type D–A copolymers. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the polar side chains can significantly reduce the clustering of dopant molecules and favor the dispersion of the dopant in the host matrix as compared to the traditional alkyl side chains. Accordingly, intimate contact between the host and dopant molecules in the NDI‐based copolymer with polar side chains facilitates molecular doping with increased doping efficiency and electrical conductivity. For the first time, a heterogeneous thermoelectric transport model for such a material is proposed, that is the percolation of charge carriers from conducting ordered regions through poorly conductive disordered regions, which provides pointers for further increase in the themoelectric properties of n‐type D–A copolymers.
Facile Synthesis of Crumpled Nitrogen‐Doped MXene Nanosheets as a New Sulfur Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Bao Weizhai , Liu Lin , Wang Chengyin , Choi Sinho , Wang Dan , Wang Guoxiu
Published: January 2018

Crumpled nitrogen‐doped MXene nanosheets with strong physical and chemical coadsorption of polysulfides are synthesized by a novel one‐step approach and then utilized as a new sulfur host for lithium–sulfur batteries. The nitrogen‐doping strategy enables introduction of heteroatoms into MXene nanosheets and simultaneously induces a well‐defined porous structure, high surface area, and large pore volume. The as‐prepared nitrogen‐doped MXene nanosheets have a strong capability of physical and chemical dual‐adsorption for polysulfides and achieve a high areal sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm–2. Lithium–sulfur batteries, based on crumpled nitrogen‐doped MXene nanosheets/sulfur composites, demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performances, including a high reversible capacity (1144 mA h g–1 at 0.2C rate) and an extended cycling stability (610 mA h g–1 at 2C after 1000 cycles).
A Chemical Approach to Raise Cell Voltage and Suppress Phase Transition in O3 Sodium Layered Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Sathiya Mariyappan , Jacquet Quentin , Doublet Marie‐Liesse , Karakulina Olesia M. , Hadermann Joke , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: January 2018

Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) are one of the versatile technologies for low‐cost rechargeable batteries. O3‐type layered sodium transition metal oxides (NaMO2, M = transition metal ions) are one of the most promising positive electrode materials considering their capacity. However, the use of O3 phases is limited due to their low redox voltage and associated multiple phase transitions which are detrimental for long cycling. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to successfully combat these issues. It consists of the introduction of a larger, nontransition metal ion Sn4+ in NaMO2 to prepare a series of NaNi0.5Mn0.5−

y
Sn
y
O2 (y = 0–0.5) compositions with attractive electrochemical performances, namely for y = 0.5, which shows a single‐phase transition from O3 ⇔ P3 at the very end of the oxidation process. Na‐ion NaNi0.5Sn0.5O2/C coin cells are shown to deliver an average cell voltage of 3.1 V with an excellent capacity retention as compared to an average stepwise voltage of ≈2.8 V and limited capacity retention for the pure NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 phase. This study potentially shows the way to manipulate the O3 NaMO2 for facilitating their practical use in NIBs.
Tailored Electron Transfer Pathways in Aucore/Ptshell–Graphene Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cells
Authors: Seselj Nedjeljko , Engelbrekt Christian , Ding Yi , Hjuler Hans Aage , Ulstrup Jens , Zhang Jingdong
Published: January 2018

Aucore/Ptshell–graphene catalysts (G‐Cys‐Au@Pt) are prepared through chemical and surface chemical reactions. Au–Pt core–shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs) covalently immobilized on graphene (G) are efficient electrocatalysts in low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The 9.5 ± 2 nm Au@Pt NPs with atomically thin Pt shells are attached on graphene via l‐cysteine (Cys), which serves as linkers controlling NP loading and dispersion, enhancing the Au@Pt NP stability, and facilitating interfacial electron transfer. The increased activity of G‐Cys‐Au@Pt, compared to non‐chemically immobilized G‐Au@Pt and commercial platinum NPs catalyst (C‐Pt), is a result of (1) the tailored electron transfer pathways of covalent bonds integrating Au@Pt NPs into the graphene framework, and (2) synergetic electronic effects of atomically thin Pt shells on Au cores. Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol is observed as higher specific currents and increased stability of G‐Cys‐Au@Pt compared to G‐Au@Pt and C–Pt. Oxygen reduction on G‐Cys‐Au@Pt occurs at 25 mV lower potential and 43 A gPt−1 higher current (at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) than for C–Pt. Functional tests in direct fomic acid, methanol and ethanol fuel cells exhibit 95%, 53%, and 107% increased power densities for G‐Cys‐Au@Pt over C–Pt, respectively.
A study of film thickness and hydrodynamic entrance length in liquid laminar film flow along a vertical tube
Authors: Gao Hongxia , Luo Xiao , Cui Ding , Liang Zhiwu , Hu Xiayi , Hartono Ardi , Svendsen Hallvard F.
Published: January 2018

The liquid film thickness and hydrodynamic entrance length in a vertical tube was studied experimentally and numerically. Measurements using distilled water, 30 wt % MEA and 40 wt % sugar solutions were carried out to investigate the effects of liquid flow rate on the formation of the liquid film. The experimental results validate the new Navier‐Stokes based equation in cylindrical coordinates (Eq. 16) and the volume of fluid (VOF) model giving a competitively high prediction of the liquid film thickness especially in the low Reynolds number region. In addition, a new empirical model and an improved minimal surface model have been first proposed for calculation of the hydrodynamic entrance length, with a relatively reasonable average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 3.03% and 6.83%, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the hydrodynamic entry length on the gas–liquid interfacial area calculated by the improved minimal surface model were comprehensively studied, and can be ignored if the ratio of the liquid film length (y) and the hydrodynamic entrance length (λE) is lower than 10. However, it should be noted that the hydrodynamic entrance length cannot be ignored in packed columns in which the liquid flow is very complex due to the packings with different structures and materials. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 2078–2088, 2018
Three‐dimensional simulation of the time‐dependent fluid flow and fouling behavior in an industrial hollow fiber membrane module
Authors: Zhuang Liwei , Dai Gance , Xu Zhen‐Liang
Published: January 2018

A novel three‐dimensional CFD model has been developed on the basis of fluid flow in the shell and lumen sides, and permeation and fouling behavior in the porous membrane zone. The simulated 25‐min dead‐end outside‐in filtration process showed that the energy consumed by the inlet manifold decreases during the constant pressure filtration. The velocity and pressure distributions in the module change with time. Flux distribution both in the axial and radial directions becomes increasingly more uniform, so does the cake distribution. Flux distribution and cake distribution inter‐adjust each other in different modes. A correlation equation has been developed to describe the relationship between the volumetric flow rate and accumulated water production. The correlation equation with simple experiment enables the dynamic evolution of energy consumed by shell inlet manifold to be presented, which can be the criterion of how well the shell inlet manifold or module has been designed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2655–2669, 2018
Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with dornase alfa in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
Authors: Shah Gopi B. , De Keyzer Linde , Russell Joy A. , Halderman Ashleigh
Published: January 2018

Background

A major component of sputum in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is polymerized DNA, a byproduct of degraded neutrophils. Dornase alfa (dornase) selectively cleaves extracellular DNA and reduces the viscosity of sputum. It improves mucociliary clearance and pulmonary function. The benefit of dornase on CF‐associated sinusitis is less clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically review the use of dornase on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in CF patients.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement was followed for this systematic review. Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched. The search terms “dornase alfa,” “deoxyribonucleases,” “rhinosinusitis,” and “cystic fibrosis” were used to find articles published between 1990 and 2016. The articles were reviewed for study design, level of evidence, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Sixty‐two articles were identified; 6 met the inclusion criteria (104 patients). Improvement measured by sinonasal symptoms, endoscopic and radiographic findings, and pulmonary function was variably reported between the studies. Sinonasal symptoms were shown to improve in all studies with use of intranasal topical dornase. Three placebo‐controlled studies showed that topical dornase significantly improved sinonasal symptoms more than saline alone. The impact on pulmonary function and radiographic and endoscopy findings was variable.

Conclusion

Topical intranasal dornase appears to improve sinonasal symptoms in CF patients to a greater degree than saline alone. The impact on other outcomes is less clear. Larger studies are needed to fully elucidate the true efficacy of dornase alfa in the treatment of CRS in CF patients.
Alternative diagnostic criteria for idiopathic hypersomnia: A 32‐hour protocol
Authors: Evangelista Elisa , Lopez Régis , Barateau Lucie , Chenini Sofiene , Bosco Adriana , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves
Published: January 2018

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of extended sleep duration on a controlled 32‐hour bed rest protocol in idiopathic hypersomnia (IH).

Methods

One hundred sixteen patients with high suspicion of IH (37 clear‐cut IH according to multiple sleep latency test criteria and 79 probable IH), 32 with hypersomnolence associated with a comorbid disorder (non‐IH), and 21 controls underwent polysomnography, modified sleep latency tests, and a 32‐hour bed rest protocol. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to find optimal total sleep time (TST) cutoff values on various periods that discriminate patients from controls.

Results

TST was longer in patients with clear‐cut IH than other groups (probable IH, non‐IH, and controls) and in patients with probable IH than non‐IH and controls. The TST cutoff best discriminating clear‐cut IH and controls was 19 hours for the 32‐hour recording (sensitivity = 91.9%, specificity = 85.7%) and 12 hours (100%, 85.7%) for the first 24 hours. The 19‐hour cutoff displayed a specificity and sensitivity of 91.9% and 81.2% between IH and non‐IH patients. Patients with IH above the 19‐hour cutoff were overweight, had more sleep inertia, and had higher TST on all periods compared to patients below 19 hours, whereas no differences were found for the 12‐hour cutoff. An inverse correlation was found between the mean sleep latency and TST during 32‐hour recording in IH patients.

Interpretation

In standardized and controlled stringent conditions, the optimal cutoff best discriminating patients from controls was 19 hours over 32 hours, allowing a clear‐cut phenotypical characterization of major interest for research purposes. Sleepier patients on the multiple sleep latency test were also the more severe in terms of extended sleep. Ann Neurol 2018;83:235–247
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of novel indole scaffold‐based VEGFR‐2 inhibitors as targeted anticancer agents
Authors: Roaiah Hanaa M. , Ghannam Iman A. Y. , Ali Islam H. , El Kerdawy Ahmed M. , Ali Mamdouh M. , Abbas Safinaz E‐S. , El‐Nakkady Sally S.
Published: January 2018

A series of new indole derivatives 1–18 was synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic activity on a panel of 60 tumor cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking was carried out to study their binding pattern and binding affinity in the VEGFR‐2 active site using sorafenib as a reference VEGFR‐2 inhibitor. Based on the molecular docking results, compounds 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 14b, 18b, and 18c were selected to be evaluated for their VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activity. Compound 18b exhibited a broad‐spectrum antiproliferative activity on 47 cell lines, with GI % ranging from 31 to 82.5%. Moreover, compound 18b was the most potent VEGFR‐2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.07 μM, which is more potent than that of sorafenib (0.09 μM). A molecular docking study attributed the promising activity of this series to their hydrophobic interaction with the VEGFR‐2 binding site hydrophobic side chains and their hydrogen bonding interaction with the key amino acids Glu885 and/or Asp1046.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of phloroglucinol derivatives possessing α‐glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity
Authors: Burmaoglu Serdar , Yilmaz Ali O. , Taslimi Parham , Algul Oztekin , Kilic Deryanur , Gulcin Ilhami
Published: January 2018

A series of novel phloroglucinol derivatives were designed, synthesized, characterized spectroscopically and tested for their inhibitory activity against selected metabolic enzymes, including α‐glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II). These compounds displayed nanomolar inhibition levels and showed Ki values of 1.14–3.92 nM against AChE, 0.24–1.64 nM against BChE, 6.73–51.10 nM against α‐glycosidase, 1.80–5.10 nM against hCA I, and 1.14–5.45 nM against hCA II.
Imine‐Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self‐Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D
Authors: Janica Iwona , Patroniak Violetta , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur
Published: January 2018

Within the last two decades, dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has emerged as an efficient and versatile strategy for the design and synthesis of complex molecular systems in solution. While early examples of supramolecularly assisted covalent synthesis at surfaces relied strongly on kinetically controlled reactions for post‐assembly covalent modification, the DCC method takes advantage of the reversible nature of bond formation and allows the generation of the new covalently bonded structures under thermodynamic control. These structurally complex architectures obtained by means of DCC protocols offer a wealth of solutions and opportunities in the generation of new complex materials that possess sophisticated properties. In this focus review we examine the formation of covalently bonded imine‐based discrete nanostructures as well as one‐dimensional (1D) polymers and two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) physisorbed on solid substrates under various experimental conditions, for example, under ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) or at the solid–liquid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to gain insight, with a sub‐nanometer resolution, into the structure and properties of those complex nanopatterns.
Why does the runoff in Hotan River show a slight decreased trend in northwestern China?
Authors: Li Baofu , Chen Yaning , Chipman Jonathan W. , Shi Xun , Chen Zhongsheng
Published: January 2018

During the recent 50 years, in response to global warming, nearly all of the rivers in the arid region of northwest China have shown significant increasing trends in runoff. However, runoff in the Hotan River has shown a slight decreasing trend that corresponded to a rate of −0.18 × 108 m3/decade for the same period. Here, based on an analysis of runoff from mountain pass hydrologic stations and precipitation during 1960–2009, as well as measurements of upper‐air temperature (UAT) from the Hotan sounding station (1960–2011) and MODIS land surface temperature (LST) of the mountainous area (2001–2011), we found that the annual runoff in the Hotan River was mainly determined (75%) by summer runoff. We also determined that the summer runoff was strongly associated (correlation coefficient: R = 0.78, p < 0.001) with summer UAT at 500 hPa and mountain LST (R = 0.69, p < 0.001) during 1960–2009. Because the largest proportion of runoff in the Hotan River stems from glacial meltwater, we suggest that the decreasing trends exhibited by the UAT in the mid‐lower troposphere and the LST within the mountainous area in summer are the main reasons why runoff shows a slight decreasing trend over the past half century.
Taminabrücke
Authors: Haug Holger , Striebel Fritz
Published: January 2018

Das Taminatal, mit dem linksseitigen Dorf Valens und dem rechtsseitigen Dorf Pfäfers, wurde bisher auf beiden Seiten durch je eine oberhalb der Schlucht angelegte Straße erschlossen. Beide Straßen gingen vom Ortszentrum von Bad Ragaz aus und gewannen zunächst mit mehreren Kehren in den bewaldeten steilen Hängen des Tamina‐ bzw. Rheintals an Höhe.

Die linksseitige Valenserstraße befand sich mehrheitlich in einem schlechten baulichen Zustand. Sie führte durch ein aktives Rutschgebiet und aufgrund der damit verbundenen geologischen Risiken genügte diese Straße auf weiten Teilen nicht mehr den heutigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen.

Mit der nun fertiggestellten 417 m langen Taminabrücke wird die Valenserstraße umfahren. Die Brücke überquert die Taminaschlucht in 200 m Höhe. Sie bildet das Hauptbauwerk der zwischen Frühjahr 2013 und Sommer 2017 errichteten neuen Zufahrtsstraße für das Taminatal. Ausgeführt wurde der als Sieger aus einem einstufigen, anonymen Wettbewerb hervorgegangene Entwurf des Büros Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner.
Comparing What to What, on What Scale? The Impact of Item Comparisons and Reference Points in Communicating Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Rakow Tim , Blackshaw Emily , Pagel Christina , Spiegelhalter David S.
Published: January 2018

The mandated public availability of individual hospital's audit data for children's heart surgery in the UK creates a challenging scenario for communicating these complex and sensitive data to diverse audiences. On the basis of this scenario, we conducted three experiments with the aim of understanding how best to help lay people understand these data and the practical goal of improving the public presentation of these data. The experiments compared different outcome measures for displaying the survival rate (percentage scale versus the ratio of the predicted/observed rates) and presentation formats (individual hospital versus all hospitals shown) for outcomes data presented relative to prediction intervals generated by a risk model that adjusts for case mix. Our data highlight how easily inappropriate comparisons can influence evaluations of complex data: for instance, both a survival ratio of 1 and the presence of other hospitals seemingly provided reference points that resulted in inappropriately harsh evaluations of some hospitals. By drawing on evaluability theory, we demonstrate how to enhance people's understanding of these complex data while also discouraging inappropriate comparisons, which has implications for communicating risk and uncertainty and for choice architecture design in a range of contexts. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melatonin protects against Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity in primary neurons via miR‐132/PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zhao Ranran , Wu Jintao , Wang Qian , Pang Kunkun , Shi Qingqing , Gao Qing , Hu Yanlai , Dong Xiaoguang , Zhang Jing , Sun Jinhao
Published: January 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disorder associated with age. Investigations suggest that amyliod‐β (Aβ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The accumulation of Aβ in the brain causes oxidative stress and synaptic toxicity, leads to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Previous investigations suggest that melatonin an endogenous hormone can counteract Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of Aβ‐induced toxicity and melatonin treatment remain elusive. Studies indicate that microRNA‐132 is crucial for neuronal survival and plays a key role in the pathological process of AD. Moreover, PTEN and FOXO3a two key targets of miR‐132 are upregulated in the AD brain. Here, we exposed the primary cultured cortical neurons with Aβ25‐35 and treated with melatonin. Our investigations demonstrated that Aβ25‐35 exposure significantly decreased the expression of miR‐132 and elevated the expression of PTEN and FOXO3a. Whereas, melatonin treatment could rescue the expression of miR‐132 and downregulate the level of PTEN and FOXO3a. Moreover, melatonin blocked the nuclear translocation of FOXO3a and thereby suppressed its pro‐apoptotic pathways. In addition, our investigations suggested that the over‐expression of miR‐132 could block Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. We also found that VO‐OHpic (PTEN inhibitor) could counteract Aβ‐induced neuronal damage, and LY294002 (AKT inhibitor) suppressed the protective effect of melatonin. Together, these results indicate that melatonin exerts its neuroprotective effect in Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity via miR‐132/PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):609–618, 2018
Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome of Corynebacterium glutamicum during Penicillin‐Induced Glutamic Acid Production
Authors: Hirasawa Takashi , Saito Masaki , Yoshikawa Katsunori , Furusawa Chikara , Shmizu Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Corynebacterium glutamicum is known for its ability to produce glutamic acid and has been utilized for the fermentative production of various amino acids. Glutamic acid production in C. glutamicum is induced by penicillin. In this study, the transcriptome and metabolome of C. glutamicum is analyzed to understand the mechanism of penicillin‐induced glutamic acid production. Transcriptomic analysis with DNA microarray revealed that expression of some glycolysis‐ and TCA cycle‐related genes, which include those encoding the enzymes involved in conversion of glucose to 2‐oxoglutaric acid, is upregulated after penicillin addition. Meanwhile, expression of some TCA cycle‐related genes, encoding the enzymes for conversion of 2‐oxoglutaric acid to oxaloacetic acid, and the anaplerotic reactions decreased. In addition, expression of NCgl1221 and odhI, encoding proteins involved in glutamic acid excretion and inhibition of the 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, respectively, is upregulated. Functional category enrichment analysis of genes upregulated and downregulated after penicillin addition revealed that genes for signal transduction systems are enriched among upregulated genes, whereas those for energy production and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms are enriched among the downregulated genes. As for the metabolomic analysis using capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the intracellular content of most metabolites of the glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased dramatically after penicillin addition. Overall, these results indicate that the cellular metabolism and glutamic acid excretion are mainly optimized at the transcription level during penicillin‐induced glutamic acid production by C. glutamicum.
Customer and Supplier Collaboration in Green Product Innovation: External and Internal Capabilities
Authors: Melander Lisa
Published: January 2018

Firms collaborate in green product innovation to develop products with less environmental impact. These products typically use less energy, have lower emissions and incorporate more environmentally friendly materials. In an industrial setting, firms often collaborate along the supply chain with customers and suppliers. This paper focuses on external and internal capabilities that firms need when collaborating in green product innovation. The paper builds on data from five large industrial firms in ten case studies, in which these firms collaborate with customers and suppliers to innovate green products to an industrial market. External and internal capabilities are investigated. The study points to the importance of finding a suitable partner. Partners need to have environmental expertise and contribute knowledge or technology that is new to the firm. Firms need to combine relational capabilities, such as trust, with contractual agreements in collaborative innovations. The findings point to the importance of knowledge management with the partner as well as internally in the firm. The study shows that no partner collaboration operates in isolation but is situated in a network context. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment