bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Two Field Conditions on Metal Ion Concentrations in Cotton Fibers
Authors: Fortier Chanel Angelique , Zumba Jimmy , Rodgers James , Peralta Donna , French Andrew , Hunsaker Douglas
Published: December 2020

Access to water sources is critical because it can affect cotton fiber growth, yields, and quality. It is of interest to determine how a water-limited field environment compares to a well-watered environment, especially when it comes to how cotton quality and surface characteristics are affected. In the current investigation, metal ion quantities were monitored using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effect of variety and field treatments on high volume instrument (HVI) parameters were examined. The results were quite variable overall, with reflectance (Rd) and strength having the least statistically different means among the quality parameters.
Acute Performance Enhancement Following Squats Combined With Elastic Bands on Short Sprint and Vertical Jump Height in Female Athletes
Authors: Krčmár Matúš , Krčmárová Bohumila , Bakaľár Igor , Šimonek Jaromír
Published: December 2020

Krčmár, M, Krčmárová, B, Bakaľár, I, and Šimonek, J. Acute performance enhancement after squats combined with elastic bands on short sprint and vertical jump height in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 318–324, 2021—The main purpose of this study was to compare back squats with and without elastic bands on sprint and vertical jump height. Fourteen female athletes (21.9 ± 2.3 years; 177.5 ± 6.36 cm; 66.2 ± 6.2 kg; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]/ body mass: 1.96 ± 0.14) agreed to participate. On 4 separate days, athletes walked freely for 5 minutes (CON), performed 3 sets of 4 repetitions at 85% of their 1RM with 20% or 30% (BAND20 or BAND30) of the total resistance originated from elastic bands, or performed 3 sets and 4 repetitions at 85% of their 1RM with an isoinertial load (ISO) before performance tests. Posttesting began 5 and 10 minutes after the last set of squats and included sprints over 3, 5, and 10-m, squat jump (SJ), and countermovement (CMJ) vertical jump height. The results of this study show that all postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocols significantly improved 10-m sprint time (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Only BAND30 significantly improved 3-m and 5-m sprint times at both times of posttesting (p < 0.01). Comparison of PAPE protocols showed a significant difference when comparing BAND30 vs. ISO in SJ height in favor of BAND30 only when the best SJ height results from both posttesting times were selected (p < 0.01, g = 1.08). The results of this study suggest that all PAPE protocols were able to enhance short sprints and vertical jump height, but it seems that there is a greater trend to achieve better performance after performing the BAND30 protocol that can be seen by higher effect sizes achieved almost in all tests compared with the other PAPE protocols.
Urine Specific Gravity Effect on Total and Segmental Body Composition Validity of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Compared With Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Fleck Steven J. , Hayes Alexa , Stadler Garrett , Goesch Tucker , Goldammer Morgan , Braun Saori
Published: December 2020

Fleck, SJ, Hayes, A, Stadler, G, Goesch, T, Goldammer, M, and Braun, S. Urine specific gravity effect on total and segmental body composition validity of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis compared with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 373–384, 2021—The purposes were to compare body composition measures between a specific multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody770) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and determine if hydration status within a specified range affected these measures. Methods included determining urine specific gravity before testing. Urine specific gravity needed to be within typical well-hydrated (n = 37), euhydrated (n = 45), or slightly dehydrated (n = 20) ranges. Segmental and total body composition measures were determined with the InBody770 and by DXA within the same testing session. Paired sample t-tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.005) between InBody770 and DXA for all body composition variables for all 3 hydration statuses, except for trunk fat-free mass (FFM) and trunk fat mass (FM) of the well-hydrated and euhydrated groups and right leg FM and trunk FFM of the slightly dehydrated group. For the total sample (n = 102), InBody770 significantly underestimated total body FM, right arm FFM, left arm FFM, right leg FFM, and left leg FFM with the range of underestimation being between 0.16 and 2.87 kg. The total body FFM by InBody770 was overestimated by 2.33 ± 2.80 kg or 3.6%. Bland-Altman plots supported these results. The major conclusions are that differences between the InBody770 and DXA segmental and total body FFM and FM are not significantly affected by hydration status in the range investigated, and the FM and FFM determined by the 2 devices are generally significantly different.
Effects of Combined Strength and Endurance Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Serum Hormones During a 6-Month Crisis Management Operation
Authors: Pihlainen Kai , Kyröläinen Heikki , Santtila Matti , Ojanen Tommi , Raitanen Jani , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: December 2020

Pihlainen, K, Kyröläinen, H, Santtila, M, Ojanen, T, Raitanen, J, and Häkkinen, K. Effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical fitness, and serum hormones during a 6-month crisis management operation. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2361–2370, 2022—Very few studies have examined the impact of training interventions on soldier readiness during an international military operation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of combined strength and endurance training on body composition, physical performance, and hormonal status during a 6-month international military deployment consisting of typical peacekeeping tasks, e.g., patrolling, observation, and on-base duties. Soldiers (n = 78) were randomly allocated to a control group (C) or one of 3 combined whole-body strength and endurance training groups with varying strength-to-endurance training emphasis (Es = 25/75%, SE = 50/50% or Se = 75/25% of strength/endurance training). Body composition, physical performance (3000-m run, standing long jump [SLJ], isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the lower [MVC lower] and upper extremities [MVC upper ], muscle endurance tests), and selected serum hormone concentrations were determined prior to training (PRE), and after 9 (MID) and 19 (POST) weeks of training. Within- and between-group changes were analyzed using linear regression models. The average combined strength and endurance training frequency of the total subject group was 3 ± 2 training sessions per week. No changes were observed in physical performance variables in the intervention groups, whereas SLJ decreased by 1.9% in C (p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction lower increased by 12.8% in the combined intervention group (p < 0.05), and this was significantly different to C (p < 0.05). Testosterone-to-cortisol ratio increased in SE and Se (p < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in C. The intervention groups maintained or improved their physical performance during deployment, which is beneficial for operational readiness. However, the high interindividual variation observed in training adaptations highlights the importance of training individualization during prolonged military operations.
Urinary N-Terminal Fragment of Titin Reflects Muscle Damage After a Soccer Match in Male Collegiate Soccer Players
Authors: Tanabe Yoko , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Kondo Emi , Yasumatsu Mikinobu , Nakamura Daisuke , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: December 2020

Tanabe, Y, Shimizu, K, Kondo, E, Yasumatsu, M, Nakamura, D, Sagayama, H, and Takahashi, H. Urinary N-terminal fragment of titin reflects muscle damage after a soccer match in male collegiate soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 360–365, 2021—Previous studies have demonstrated that noninvasive urinary N-terminal fragment of titin (U-titin) concentration highly correlates with serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, a classic invasive muscle damage marker. This finding indicates that U-titin could be used to estimate muscle damage. However, these results were achieved using a laboratory-based eccentric exercise model. Therefore, it remains unclear whether U-titin is useful for evaluating muscle damage occurring in field sports events. As a result, we evaluated whether U-titin concentration closely relates to serum CK activity after a soccer match. Seventeen collegiate soccer players (age: 20 ± 1 year; height: 172 ± 6 cm; body mass: 65 ± 5 kg; Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, 1,135 ± 196 m) completed a test match (2 halves of 45 minutes separated by 15 minutes of normal half-time). U-titin concentration, serum CK activity, countermovement jump performance, and muscle soreness were assessed 2 hours before the match and 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the match. U-titin concentrations and CK activity similarly increased at 24 hours and returned to the baseline value at 48 hours after the match. Moreover, the percentage of changes in U-titin concentration from baseline after the match significantly and positively correlated with serum CK activity (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the noninvasive marker U-titin can be used to assess muscle damage conditions in field sports events, such as soccer matches.
Exercise Recovery Practices of Wheelchair Court Sports Athletes
Authors: Murphy Conor J. , Mason Barry S. , Goosey-Tolfrey Vicky L.
Published: December 2020

Murphy, CJ, Mason, BS, and Goosey-Tolfrey, VL. Exercise recovery practices of wheelchair court sports athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 366–372, 2021—Research that describes the recovery practices of Para-athletes around training and competition is limited. This study investigated if and why athletes in wheelchair court sports (basketball, rugby, and tennis) use recovery strategies, what type of strategies are used, and whether the period of the season influences the prevalence of use. A cross-sectional questionnaire was developed to acquire data pertaining to individual characteristics, recovery habits, reasons for use/nonuse, the use of specific recovery strategies, and lifestyle habits. One hundred forty-four athletes (92 = international and 52 = national/club) completed the questionnaire online. In total, 85% (n = 122) of athletes reported using at least one type of recovery strategy, yet most specific types of recovery strategies were not popular (<34% of recovery strategy users). The most commonly used type of recovery strategy was stretching (n = 117), whereas both stretching and heat-related recovery were the most highly rated types of recovery strategies (μ = 4.2/5). The 3 most prevalent reasons for use across all strategies were “reduces muscle soreness,” “reduces muscle tightness,” and “reduces muscle spasms.” The prevalence of sleep complaints was apparent with 38% (n = 55) of respondents reporting difficulties sleeping. This study highlights that although the frequent use of well-known recovery practices is positive, the lack of diversity in strategies implemented may have implications due to the specific requirements of exercise recovery. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals should educate wheelchair athletes further around this area and increase the range of recovery-specific and impairment-specific strategies used.
Mountain Bike Racing Stimulates Osteogenic Bone Signaling and Ingesting Carbohydrate-Protein Compared With Carbohydrate-Only Prevents Acute Recovery Bone Resorption Dominance
Authors: Oosthuyse Tanja , Bosch Andrew N. , Kariem Neezaam , Millen Aletta M.E.
Published: December 2020

Oosthuyse, T, Bosch, AN, Kariem, N, and Millen, AME. Mountain bike racing stimulates osteogenic bone signaling and ingesting carbohydrate-protein compared with carbohydrate-only prevents acute recovery bone resorption dominance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 292–299, 2021—Mountain biking, unlike road cycling, includes vibrational accelerations but whether it stimulates osteogenic signaling remains unknown. Furthermore, exercise nutrition influences bone turnover, and the effect of ingesting protein during multiday racing was investigated. We measured plasma bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type1-collagen (β-CTX) and N-terminal propeptides of type1-procollagen (P1NP), and osteocyte mechanosensory signaling factor, sclerostin (SOST), corrected for plasma volume change, before (pre-day 1) and 20–60 minutes after (post-day 3) a multiday mountain bike race in 18 male cyclists randomly assigned to ingest carbohydrate-only (CHO-only) or carbohydrate-with-casein protein hydrolysate (CHO-PRO) during racing. Fourteen cyclists (n = 7 per group) completed the race, and data were analyzed with p < 0.05 accepted as significant. Plasma SOST decreased similarly in both groups (mean ± SD, CHO-only: 877 ± 451 to 628 ± 473 pg·ml−1, p = 0.004; CHO-PRO: 888 ± 411 to 650 ± 443 pg·ml−1, p = 0.003), suggesting that osteocytes sense mountain biking as mechanical loading. However, the bone formation marker, P1NP, remained unchanged in both groups, whereas the bone resorption marker, β-CTX, increased in CHO-only (0.19 ± 0.034 to 0.31 ± 0.074 ng·ml−1, p = 0.0036) but remained unchanged in CHO-PRO (0.25 ± 0.079 to 0.26 ± 0.074 ng·ml−1, p = 0.95). Mountain bike racing does stimulate osteogenic bone signaling but bone formation is not increased acutely after multiday mountain biking; investigation for a delayed effect is warranted. The acute recovery increase in bone resorption with CHO-only is prevented by ingesting CHO-PRO during racing.
Circulating MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Specific Subsignatures in Response to a Maximal Incremental Exercise Test
Authors: Fernández-Sanjurjo Manuel , Díaz-Martínez Ángel E. , Díez-Robles Sergio , González-González Felipe , de Gonzalo-Calvo David , Rabadán Manuel , Dávalos Alberto , Fernández-García Benjamín , Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Fernández-Sanjurjo, M, Díaz-Martínez, ÁE, Díez-Robles, S, González-González, F, de Gonzalo-Calvo, D, Rabadán, M, Dávalos, A, Fernández-García, B, and Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E. Circulating microRNA profiling reveals specific subsignatures in response to a maximal incremental exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 287–291, 2021—Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) have been described as emergent regulators and biomarkers of exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the c-miRNA response to a maximal incremental exercise test (MIET) and its relationship with markers of exercise response and adaptation. Two blood samples were collected from 9 male amateur runners (31–50 years), before (Pre) and after (Post) a MIET. The maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) were recorded. Lactate and creatine kinase (CK) plasma concentrations were measured. A panel of 752 miRNAs was analyzed using standardized protocols and relative quantification to Pre. A total of 13 miRNAs were found significantly upregulated at Post. By focusing on the exercise markers that correlate with the expression of these miRNAs, they were clustered into different functional groups or subsignatures. Thus, miR-21-5p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-183-5p showed a strong correlation with HRmax and a validated target signature related to fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, let-7c-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-425-3p, and miR-629-5p were significantly correlated with CK, and the most significantly enriched pathways for these subsignatures were the Hippo signaling pathway and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Finally, Pre miR-106b-5p expression showed an inverse association with MAS and Post lactate concentration, which highlights its relevance as biomarker of training status and its predictive value for performance. No significant correlations were observed with V̇o
2max. Our results define for the first time specific functional c-miRNA subsignatures, adding novel evidence about their potential regulatory role in exercise response.
Acute Effects of Warming Up on Achilles Tendon Blood Flow and Stiffness
Authors: Pieters Dries , Wezenbeek Evi , De Ridder Roel , Witvrouw Erik , Willems Tine
Published: December 2020

Pieters, D, Wezenbeek, E, De Ridder, R, Witvrouw, E, and Willems, T. Acute effects of warming up on Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2717–2724, 2022—The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of frequently used warm-up exercises on the Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness. In doing so, we want to explore which exercises are suitable to properly prepare the athlete's Achilles tendon in withstanding high amounts of loading during sport activities. This knowledge could help sport physicians and physiotherapists when recommending warm-up exercises that are able to improve sport performance while reducing the injury susceptibility. Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness measurements of 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged between 18 and 25 years were obtained before and immediately after 4 different warm-up exercises: running, plyometrics, eccentric heel drops, and static stretching. The effect of these warm-up exercises and possible covariates (sex, age, body mass index, rate of perceived exertion, and sports participation) on the Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness was investigated with linear mixed models. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. The results of this study showed a significant increase in Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness after 10 minutes of running (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and plyometrics (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039). Static stretching and eccentric exercises elicited no significant changes. From these results, it could be suggested that warm-up exercises should be intensive enough to properly prepare the Achilles tendon for subsequent sport activities. When looking at Achilles tendon blood flow and stiffness, we advise the incorporation of highly intensive exercises such as running and plyometrics within warm-up programs.
Does Acupuncture Enhance Muscle Strength and Performance?
Authors: Micalos Peter S. , Pak Sok Cheon , Jesulola Emmanuel , Cannon Jack , Hale Mathew , Koo Byung-Soo
Published: December 2020

Acupuncture has gained attention in sports research for enhancing performance and recovery. Although there is substantial recognition for the therapeutic application of acupuncture in a variety of medical conditions, there are limited controlled research trials for acupuncture as a procedure to benefit muscle performance and recovery. Most of the research investigating the mechanism for acupuncture has focused on pain relief. However, there are several physiological effects associated with acupuncture needling, including the therapeutic potential of placebo. Although acupuncture has been shown to have few adverse effects, there is evidence showing a capacity to adversely influence muscle performance.
Methodology to Characterize the Seismic Compression of Unsaturated Sands under Different Drainage Conditions
Authors: Rong Wenyong , McCartney John Scott
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on a new experimental setup and methodology to characterize the volumetric contraction of unsaturated sands during cyclic shearing under different drainage conditions. A new cyclic simple shear device was developed with suction-saturation control using a hanging column suitable for testing unsaturated granular soils with a maximum suction of 11 kPa. The pore water and pore air pressures are monitored during cyclic shearing using an embedded tensiometer and a gauge pressure transducer protected by a hydrophobic filter, respectively. In addition to describing the specimen preparation techniques and testing methodology, typical results for the seismic compression of nearly saturated, dry, and unsaturated sand specimens during cyclic shearing under different drainage conditions are compared. The differences in the response of these sand specimens were interpreted using the changes in mean effective stress and secant shear modulus during cyclic shearing. In drained conditions, the unsaturated sand specimen showed lower seismic compressions than the dry sand specimen and the nearly saturated sand specimen. In undrained conditions, a greater contraction was observed for the unsaturated conditions due to decreases in mean effective stress and secant shear modulus. The decrease in effective stress occurred due to a decrease in matric suction associated with different rates of increase in pore water and air pressure and an increase in degree of saturation with volumetric contraction.
Development and Application of a New Triaxial Testing System for Subzero Rocks
Authors: Bai Yao , Shan Ren-Liang , Wu Yong-Xin , Sun Peng-Fei
Published: December 2020

To face the challenges of coal production today, the mechanical behaviors of rock in subzero and disturbed environments are critical in the geomechanics of coal mining and artificial freezing engineering. Disturbances significantly affect the long-term mechanical properties and nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic deformation characteristics of frozen soft rock. This article summarizes current rock triaxial test systems, which cannot concurrently solve the problems of subzero temperatures, creep, disturbance, and high sampling rates. Based on existing equipment limitations and the current research aims, an innovative, applicable, and scalable measurement/control system based on National Instruments hardware is integrated into LabVIEW to design and construct a new triaxial testing system capable of achieving both dynamic disturbances and subzero temperatures. The testing system can produce a basic environment with confining pressures up to 30 MPa, axial forces up to 500 kN, and lowest temperatures of −30°C. The system has a 51.2 kS/s sampling using 5-channel closed-loop control. By changing the transfer valve between the supercharger and the servo valve, both conventional triaxial compression and creep tests can be carried out. The triaxial creep tests are performed on frozen rock specimens under step loading and graded disturbances to analyze the creep deformation characteristics and failure modes of the specimens. The results show that at low stress levels, the disturbance load closes and reorganizes microcracks in the rock specimens, reducing the specimen deformation rate. With increasing stress levels or disturbance intensities, the specimen cracks expand rapidly, the creep rate increases, the disturbance energy stored in the rock specimen releases, and the specimens rapidly fail. Therefore, this disturbance creep phenomenon must be considered, and timely support should be provided for exposed frozen rock wall to guarantee construction safety. Moreover, the test results also verify that the design of the new testing system is reliable, feasible, and useful.
Theoretical Calculation and Test of Mechanical Properties of Mobile Flood Protection Wall
Authors: Zhou Kaiyang , Lei Dong , He Jintao , Zhang Pei , Bai Pengxiang , Zhu Feipeng
Published: December 2020

With global climate change, a growing number of countries and regions will have large flood disasters. Therefore, an effective and environmental protection waterproof system is essential. The mobile flood protection wall not only has the flood control capacity comparable to the traditional flood control system but also has a better landscape effect that can meet the needs of residents. However, the mobile flood protection wall presently lacks the basis of practical application and theoretical calculation. Therefore, this paper provides a theoretical calculation method for strains and stresses on a mobile flood protection wall and carries out a real test to verify the reliability of the theoretical calculation. A test pool was built to obtain the data of the strain of the mobile flood protection experiments and reflections on the risk wall during the impoundment process by strain gauge and data acquisition instrument. Through the theoretical calculation method provided in this paper, the actual test conditions are calculated, and the results obtained in the test are mutually validated. The test validates that the mobile flood protection wall is reliable in practical engineering, and the proposed calculation method can be applied to the mobile flood protection wall.
Predictive Value of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Ratio in a Chinese Subpopulation with Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Wen Zhuzhi , Hou Jingying , Mai Zun , Huang Huifen , Chen Yangxin , Geng Dengfeng , Wang Jingfeng
Published: December 2020

Objective: The head-up tilt test (HUTT) is widely used but is time-consuming and not cost-effective to evaluate patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). The present study aims to verify the hypothesis that ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) and the simplistic tilt test may be potential alternatives to the HUTT.

Methods: The study consecutively enrolled 360 patients who underwent the HUTT to evaluate VVS. BP), heart rate (HR), and BP/HR ratios derived from ABPM and the simplistic tilt test were evaluated to predict the presence, pattern, and stage of syncope during the HUTT.

Results: Mixed response was the commonest pattern, and syncope occurred frequently with infusion of isoproterenol at a rate of 3 μg/min. During the simplistic tilt test, the cardioinhibitory group had higher tilted BP/HR ratios than the vasodepressor group, while the vasodepressor group had a faster tilted HR and a larger HR difference than the cardioinhibitory group. The higher the BP/HR ratio in the tilted position, the higher the isoproterenol dosage needed to induce a positive response. During ABPM, BP/HR ratios were significantly higher in the cardioinhibitory group than in the vasodepressor group. The higher the ABPM-derived BP, the higher the dosage of isoproterenol needed to induce syncope. There were significant correlations in BP/HR ratios between ABPM and the supine position in the vasodepressor group, while significant correlation was found only for the diastolic BP/HR ratio between ABPM and the tilted position in the cardioinhibitory group. The mixed pattern shared correlative features of the other two patterns.

Conclusion: ABPM and the simplistic tilt test might be used as promising alternatives to the HUTT in VVS evaluation in clinical settings.
Presenting features and molecular genetics of primary hyperparathyroidism in the paediatric population
Authors: El Allali Yasmine , Hermetet Coralie , Bacchetta Justine , Amouroux Cyril , Rothenbuhler Anya , Porquet-Bordes Valérie , Champigny Marie-Alexandrine , Baron Sabine , Barat Pascal , Bony-Trifunovic Hélène , Bourdet Karine , Busiah Kanetee , Cartigny-Maciejewski Maryse , Compain Florence , Coutant Régis , Amsellem-Jager Jessica , De Kerdanet Marc , Magontier Nathalie , Mignot Brigitte , Richard Odile , Rossignol Sylvie , Soskin Sylvie , Berot Aurélie , Naud-Saudreau Catherine , Salles Jean-Pierre , Linglart Agnès , Edouard Thomas , Lienhardt-Roussie Anne
Published: December 2020

Aim

To describe the presenting features and molecular genetics of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in the paediatric population.

Methods

Retrospective study of 63 children diagnosed with primary PHPT from 1998 to 2018.

Results

Compared to older children, infants were often asymptomatic (54% vs 15%, P = 0.002) with a milder form of PHPT. When symptomatic, children and adolescents mostly presented with non-specific complaints such as asthenia, depression, weight loss, vomiting or abdominal pain. A genetic cause of PHPT was identified in about half of this cohort (52%). The infancy period was almost exclusively associated with mutation in genes involved in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signalling pathway (i.e. CaSR and AP2S1 genes, ‘CaSR group’; 94% of infants with mutations) whereas childhood and adolescence were associated with mutation in genes involved in parathyroid cell proliferation (i.e. MEN1, CDC73, CDKN1B and RET genes, ‘cell proliferation group’; 69% of children and adolescents with mutations). Although serum calcium levels did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.785), serum PTH levels and the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were significantly higher in ‘cell proliferation group’ patients compared to those in the ‘CaSR group’ (P = 0.001 and 0.028, respectively).

Conclusion

Although far less common than in adults, PHPT can develop in children and is associated with significant morbidity. Consequently, this diagnosis should be considered in children with non-specific complaints and lead to monitoring of mineral homeostasis parameters. A genetic cause of PHPT can be identified in about half of these patients.
The Church and Indigenous Peoples in the Americas: In Between Reconciliation and Decolonization, edited by Michel Andraos
Authors: McKeon Robert
Published: December 2020

The Church and Indigenous Peoples in the Americas: In Between Reconciliation and Decolonization, edited by Michel Andraos. Cascade, 2019. xii + 241 pp., Pb., $50. ISBN 978-1-5326-3113-9
Thomas Berry: A Biography, by Mary Evelyn Tucker, John Grim, and Andrew Angyal
Authors: Hrynkow Christopher
Published: December 2020

Thomas Berry: A Biography, by Mary Evelyn Tucker, John Grim, and Andrew Angyal. Columbia University Press, 2019. xviii + 339 pp. Hb., $38.00. ISBN: 978-0231176989
Capable or Incapable? Disability and Justification in Martha Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach
Authors: Buttrey Michael
Published: December 2020

This article evaluates Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach for its treatment of disability and philosophical grounding. A summary of Nussbaum’s claims on how her theory includes people with disabilities is followed by Eva Kittay’s demonstration that in Nussbaum’s approach exclusion results from the ambiguous role of human dignity. The argument then shows that Jean Porter’s appeals to virtue and human nature provide stronger philosophical grounding for making judgments about human flourishing than Nussbaum’s non-metaphysical liberalism, insufficient to account for her theory of capabilities. While Porter’s account of human nature does not escape Shane Clifton and Hans Reinders’ concerns about the exclusion of people with disabilities from the human ideal, her and John Berkman’s recovery of Thomistic ideas of infused virtue and grace do provide a more inclusive concept of the human telos.
From Call to Action
Authors: Lofte Abigail
Published: December 2020

This paper critiques the four calls to action found in the 2018 joint declaration by the Roman Catholic and United Church of Canada, The Hope Within Us, and challenges notions of the Church as locus of ecological awareness and action, as the sacredness of the Church has been divorced for so long from the sacredness of Earth. Using insights on ecological conversion provided by Pope Francis in Laudato Si’, a new sense of discipleship and community is fostered to create the kind of Church needed to move from call to action. In dialogue with the communities it serves, the Church emerges as a leader in the conversation for critically engaging diverse voices and perspectives, devising a way forward that advocates for the rights of peoples and of natural resources.
Magnet Expandable Rods a Promising Technology which can Lead to Catastrophic Failure
Authors:   King Husain Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan, Alfawareh Mohammad , Tarawneh Maen ,   King Husain Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan, Alfawareh Sajedah ,   Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Published: December 2020

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. This change is manifested by a propensity to avoiding or delaying fusion surgeries due to their many potential shortcomings. Many surgeons gravitate towards conservative measures and growth-friendly implants such as magnetic expandable growing rods. Still, such interventions are not impeccable. This case report discusses 8-year-old girl with early-onset scoliosis managed with magnetic expandable rods after failing conservative management. The results were promising at first. However, catastrophic failure was diagnosed after multiple successful elongations necessitating discarding the system and changing the construct to conventional growing rods.
Improving elementary students' mathematical reasoning abilities through sociohumanistic-based learning
Authors: HİDAYAT Rosidah , WAHYUDİN Wahyudin , JAİLANİ Jailani , SETİADİ Bayu Rahmat
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the improvement of students' mathematical reasoning abilities through sociohumanistic-based learning. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all class IV in one elementary school in Salatiga. The sample consisted of two classes, namely classes and selected by purposive sampling. The instrument used was a mathematical reasoning ability test. Data analysis used t-test (Independent Sample t-Test) and Mann Whitney. The analysis results show that: (1) based on the results on a limited, medium, and wide-scale try-out, the developed model is easy-practical-effective in its implementation; (2) the improvement in mathematical reasoning skill of the students taught using the model is higher than that of taught using direct instructions; and (3) Sociohumanistic-based learning has several advantages especially can generate endorphins (hormone of happiness) to make the students love math, can foster self-reliance of learners, able to activate the storage capabilities of the human brain into long-term memory. Based on the results of this research and development, it can be concluded that the developed model is easy, practical, and effective to improve the mathematical reasoning skill of elementary school students.
The effect of PjBL plus 4Cs learning model on critical thinking skills
Authors: EFENDİ Dwi , SUMARMİ Sumarmi , UTOMO Dwiyono Hari
Published: December 2020

The PjBL Plus 4Cs is an alternative learning model for geography. The PjBL Plus 4Cs can teach, train, and improve critical thinking skills. The research aimed to find out the effect of the PjBL plus 4C learning model on critical thinking skills. The research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group approach. Students of Class XI IPS-1 and XI IPS-2 in Islamic Senior High School of Sabilillah Malang were the subjects of this research. Critical thinking skills were measured using validated critical thinking instruments in 7 essay tests, including the competencies of analyzing and formulating problems, giving logical arguments, conducting deductive reasoning (C4), synthesizing/conducting inductive reasoning (C5) and evaluating (C6). Based on the T-test analysis, the significance value (2-tailed) was obtained 0.01 (< 0.05), indicated a significant effect of PjBL Plus 4Cs on critical thinking skills. Therefore, the PjBL plus 4Cs learning model can increase critical thinking skills.
Travmatik Yaşantının Trafik Cezalarına Etkisi: Alkollüyken Araç Kullanan Sürücüler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yeşil Aslı , Demircan Yusuf Tunç , Aker Ahmet Tamer
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of traumatic experiences of drivers who are driving with alcohol and to determine traffic punishment information. In addition to investigate the relationship between traumatic history and criminal information.   
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 295 participants who participant in Driver Behaviour Development Training Programme conducted by Bursa Health Directorate between November 2015 and June 2016. Driver Information Form which was include demographic and traumatic life event information were used to obtain the data. In addition, driver’s license criminal information was requested from the Police Department with official letter.
Results: The mean age of the drivers was 40.47±9.48. Of the cases, 11.2% (n:33) had a life-threatening illness or injury,  10.8% (n:32) had having a serious accident or injured,  9.5 % (n:28) having had threated physical violance or weapons. Of the cases, 21.4 % (n: 63) who was lost  by accident, murder or suicide one of the family member (lover, spouse, or very close friend), 6.1% (n:18) stated that had been threatened with death or serious injury.  It was found that drivers most frequently contravened article  34 with 46.9 % and then contravened article 45.8 % with 51/2-A, 38.2 % eith 78/1-A, and 30.2% with 118/7. 
Conclusion: In this study conducted with drivers who had a history of driving under effect of alcohol, significant relationship was found between lifelong traumatic history and traffic controventions.   
Keywords: Forensic Sciences; Traumatic Life Events; Crime
3 Boyutlu Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Volüm Rendering Tekniği Kullanarak Skapula Ölçümlerinden Anadolu Popülasyonunda Cinsiyet Tahmini
Authors: Tetiker Hasan , Gençer Ceren Uğuz
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of the scapula and to measure the accuracy of the results of the measurements performed by computed tomography imaging of the thorax for gender estimation in the modern Anatolian population.
Materials and Methods: Multidetector CT images of 302 cases (164 males, 138 females) with ages between 20 and 93 and taken between February 2019 and April 2019 in Radiology Department of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital were used. Longitudinal lengths (LU), transverse lengths (TU), and spina scapula lengths (SSU) of the right and left side scapulae were measured and evaluated. The effect of measurements on gender determination was determined by Logistic Regression analysis.
Results: Scapula measurements were higher in males than in females (p <0.001). Statistically significant difference was found between transverse lengths of the right and left scapula in females and statistically significant differences in all 3 measurements in males. The longitudinal, transverse and spina scapula lengths of the scapula were found to be statistically significant when the measurements were used for gender determination. Accordingly, it was seen that the right scapula longitudinal length was the highest accuracy rate.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that scapula bone is an important bone in sex prediction in Anatolian population. Therefore, if skull, long bones and pelvic bones cannot be found in forensic medicine and anthropological studies, scapula can be used alone or in combination with other skeletal elements for sex estimation methods.
Acil Servis Hekimlerinin Şiddet ve Adli Olaylara Maruziyet Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaya Erhan , Tanır Ferdi
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the exposure of the emergency department physicians to violence and forensic events and related factors.
Materials and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study was 248 emergency service physicians working at 31 different health institutions in Adana city center. Between 01 July and 31 December 2016, 202 emergency department physicians were interviewed face-to-face. Data collection tools were; the sociodemographic knowledge of the doctors, the history of violence and their approach to forensic events. Frequency analysis and Chi Square test were used for data evaluation.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.3±9.6 years and mean working time in emergency departments was 8.9±7,7 years and 75.7% of the emergency physicians in our study were male. The rate of exposure to violence during the working life was 88.1%. The most common types of violence were verbal violence with 88.1% and physical violence with 30.7%. It was determined that physicians were mostly violated by patients and their relatives, also it was determined that half of the physicians went to court at least once during their professional life due to medical practices. Statistically significant relationship was found between physicians being violent and being plaintiff (p<0,05). It was stated that 20.8% of the doctors had a forensic investigation and 85.6% were concerned about the malpractice.
Conclusion: Emergency physicians, who are faced with violence and forensic events very often and undertake great medical and legal responsibilities, can feel anxious and lonely. Legal sanctions on violence against...
Mortalite ile Sonuçlanan Ludwig Anjini: Bir Otopsi Olgusu
Authors: Musayev Jamal , Hasanov Adalat , Baghirzade Mahmud , Hasanova Parvin
Published: December 2020

Ludwig's angina (LA) is a form of cellulitis that bilaterally affects the sublingual and submandibular soft tissue above the mylohyoid diaphragm at the base of the mouth. Due to its complications, the mortality rate of up to 50% has declined up to 8% in recent years with modern treatment options. Due to its complications, the mortality rate of up to 50% has declined up to 8% in recent years with the contribution of modern treatment options. In this article, a case of LA resulting with death is presented with autopsy findings. In cases where phlegmon is opened with an intraoral incision, the risk of aspiration pneumonia should be taken into consideration. In order to detect LA and its complications, organs and soft tissues of the oral cavity, neck region and thoracic cavity should be carefully examined in autopsy cases.
Çocukluk Çağı Yaralanmaları; Eğitsel ve Adli Boyut
Authors: Kurt Makbule , Pakiş Işıl
Published: December 2020

Childhood is a period in which the awareness of self-protection against hazards has not yet developed due to the child's curiosity to explore and its mobile structure, therefore, it is open to trauma. On the other hand, child abuse and neglect affect children of all ages, races and income levels is an important public health problem that can be encountered in this age group. Teachers are in a relationship with children and their families in the community and play an important role in understanding, reporting and preventing child abuse. The first step to take when helping or starting to help a child exposed to abuse or neglect is to know the signs and symptoms of abuse. The most important approach; child abuse should be suspected. Here, it is very important to correctly identify the findings of accident-related injuries and the injuries associated with abuse and to manage the process correctly in children that are suspected of abuse. The aim of the study is to classify the findings related to childhood child abuse and the findings related to childhood accidents and draw attention to the points that need to be observed correctly.
Psikiyatri Konsültasyonlarının Adli Rapor ve Yargılama Sürecine Etkisi
Authors: Meral Orhan , Ayaz Nusret
Published: December 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to draw attention to the importance of the effect on a forensic report of trauma-related mental health effects and their frequency revealed in psychiatric consultation requested by the Forensic Medicine Polyclinic for cases exposed to different kinds of trauma.
Methods: A retrospective examination was made of 192 cases consulted by the Psychiatry Department for a report requested by the judicial authorities between June 2016 and September 2019. Psychiatric evaluation was made by psychiatry specialists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V-TR (DSM-V-TR).
Results: Evaluation was made of 192 cases comprising 54 (28.1%) males and 138 (71.9%) females with a mean age of 39.44±13.84 years. In 164 (85.4%) cases, the diagnostic criteria of a psychiatric disorder according to DSM-V-TR were met. Of these, although the physical effects of the trauma in 147 (89.6%) cases were classified as “of a nature which can be eliminated with a simple medical intervention”, the injuries of the mental effects were determined as “of a nature which cannot be eliminated with a simple medical intervention”. When the relationship between the event and gender was examined, 76.6% (n:118) of assault crimes were determined to have been perpetrated against females (p>0.005).
Conclusion: In this study, findings of mental trauma were revealed, and consequently, the effect on the forensic report was determined. A multidisciplinary approach to trauma cases will provide more robust judicial management.
Designing, implementation and evaluation of professionalism course for Obstetrics and Gyneocology assistants
Authors: Pirjani Reihaneh , Rabiei Maryam , Asghari Fariba , Noorzadeh Maryam , Alipour Sadaf , Gholozadeh Mariya , Soori Tahereh , Alyasin Ashraf
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Since professionalism is one of the most essential competencies for all physician, we launched this project between October 2017 and May 2019 with the aim of developing a professionalism curriculum for obstetrics and gynaecologic assistants.
Methods: The course was designed based on the Kern’s model.  To implement this project, both independent methods  such as Professional Commitment Workshop and Integration strategy such as dedicating two Morning Report Sessions monthly to professionalismwere used.
Result: For evaluating the course, we used Kirk Patrick model. According to the first level of the pyramid, based on a survey, some changes were made in programs.In the second level of the pyramid, according to the predetermined goals,  pre and post-coarse test was held andthe average score of the residents increased from 13.16 to 17.47.At the third level of the pyramid: based on the questions asked from hospitalized patients, According to the third level of the pyramid, at the beginning and end of the course,the opinions of hospitalized patients, hospital staff, senior and lower year residents towards each other and professors towards residents were measured using a questionnaire that showed improvement of residents' behavior occurred in all indicators. At the fourth level of the pyramid, patients' complaints were relatively decreased.
Conclusion: The project was launched to design, implement and evaluate professional commitment courses. The positive effects of this course on the professional behavior of residents were observed at all levels of the Kirk Patrick pyramid.