bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochanin A Regulates Microglia Polarization After SCI by Promoting Autophagy and Blocking the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Li Xigong , Fu Jing , Gao Zhongyang , Shi Haifei , Pan Wenming , Lou Xianfeng
Published: August 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is frequently accompanied by sensorimotor deficits that persist for years in the absence of effective treatments. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural isoflavone, belongs to phytoestrogen. BCA can perform multiple functions, but its role of SCI is unclear. The purpose
of this study was to explore the impact and mechanism of BCA on microglia by simulating SCI with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. The results showed that BCA inhibited microglial apoptosis and promoted SCI repair by inducing M2 microglia polarization and secretion of anti-inflammatory
factors. Notably, the efficacy of the above-mentioned effects of BCA was correlated with autophagic flux. We further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms and confirmed the critical importance of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in counteracting the effect of BCA on LPS-BV-2 cells. The TLR4/NF-κB
pathway was shown to promote M1 microglial polarization, inflammation and cellular apoptosis. In conclusion, BCA blocks the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to inhibit M1 microglial polarization and apoptosis after SCI. This study is expected to provide the scientific basis for the SCI.
Research Progress of Flexible Wearable Sensors Based on Protein Hydrogels
Authors: Li Zhida , Hu Xiaoqian , Tang Letian , Sun Jian , Hao Zhaokun , Liu Xinzheng , Li Xinyu , Sun Wanru , Wang Ranran
Published: August 2023

Natural protein-based hydrogels, which combine the biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and adhesion of natural proteins, have been widely researched in the field of flexible and wearable sensors. In addition, the sensing capability of protein hydrogels can be elevated by
improving their mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, self-healing adhesion and environmental stability. This paper reviews the research of protein-based hydrogels represented by silk fibroin, gelatin and keratin in flexible wearable sensors. Firstly, the preparation mechanism of
these three proteins was introduced. Subsequently, we summarized the performance optimization strategies of protein-based hydrogels. Then, the application of protein-based hydrogels in flexible and wearable sensors is discussed. Finally, we summarized and prospected the recent research, which
provided reference for the future relevant researchers.
Effects and Mechanism of Epidural Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonide on Nerve Root Inflammation and Epidural Space Adhesion in Rabbits
Authors: Sun Wenyangming , Qian Li , He Meng , Wang Dashou , Zou Xiaohua
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of triamcinolone acetonide on nerve root inflammation and epidural adhesion in rabbits. The experiment involved 30 male New Zealand white rabbits, which were divided into three groups: Model, Dexamethasone, and Triamcinolone.
After establishing the rabbit model of nerve root inflammation and epidural adhesion, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide were injected through the epidural catheter. The results showed that triamcinolone acetonide significantly reduced nerve root inflammation, epidural adhesion, and
nerve root pain. It also decreased the mRNA expression levels of NF-KB, TLR9, IL-6, and TNF-α in spinal cord tissue and spinal nerve roots. Compared with the dexamethasone group, the triamcinolone group had a lower Rydell-Balaz score, indicating less epidural adhesion. The Paw
Withdraw Threshold and Paw Withdraw Latency decreased significantly in the triamcinolone group compared to the model group, and there was no obvious nerve root inflammatory reaction in the triamcinolone group. Therefore, epidural triamcinolone acetonide injection may be an effective treatment
to reduce nerve root inflammation, epidural adhesion, and nerve root pain by inhibiting the NF-KB/TLR9-mediated inflammatory response.
Long Non-Coding RNAs Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 Antagonist Encapsulated by Liposome Nanoparticles Regulates Macrophage Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ni Siyi , Liu Yingchao , Zhong Jihong , Shen Yan
Published: August 2023

This study explored the mechanism by which Long Non-Coding RNA-Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (LncRNA-NEAT1) antagonists encapsulated in liposome nanoparticles regulate reprogramming of macrophage glucose metabolism in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned into blank control group, UC model group, LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonist group (antagonist group) and LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonist encapsulated by liposome nanoparticles group (nano+antagonist group). Rats in the blank control group were not given any intervention, while rats in the UC model group were fully anesthetized to establish a UC model. The antagonist group was given LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonists on the basis of the UC model. Combined intervention with LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonists encapsulated by plastid nanoparticles were given to the nano+antagonist group. LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonist encapsulated by liposome nanoparticles reduced colon mucosal damage index and CMDI) score of UC rats, improving gross morphology damage of mucosa, and also reducing the pathological damage of lung tissue in the rats. The LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonist inhibited reprogramming level of glucose metabolism in macrophages, reduced consumption of cellular glucose, and further reduced lactic acid content in the macrophages. In addition, the LncRNA-NEAT1 antagonist further inhibited the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes in macrophages by inhibiting Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase/Myosin streptophilic kinase (ROCK/MLCK) pathway. LncRNA-NEAT1 has a targeting relationship with ROCK/MLCK pathway. In conclusion, down-regulating NEAT1 inhibited the activity of ROCK/MLCK signaling, reducing inflammatory response, thereby repairing the intestinal barrier function, and inhibiting the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in macrophages from the UC rats. In addition, liposome nanoparticle encapsulation has broad prospects in the field of drug delivery, which can achieve the purpose of enhancing drug efficacy.
Applications of Ultrasound Targeted Micro/Nano Probes and Intelligent Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Technology
Authors: Wen Qiaonong , Xu Shuang
Published: August 2023

Targeted ultrasound molecular probes are the core technology of ultrasound molecular imaging, which connect molecular specific antibodies or ligands of the target tissue to the surface of ultrasound contrast agents, enabling ultrasound microbubbles to actively bind to the target tissue,
thereby observing the specific imaging of the target tissue at the cellular or molecular level, reflecting the changes in the diseased tissue at the cellular or molecular level. Ultrasound molecular imaging has rapidly developed and applied in the diagnosis and treatment of breast, thyroid,
cardiovascular and other diseases, as well as targeted drug delivery and targeted physical therapy of tumors. This article focuses on the theoretical innovation and technological progress of ultrasound micro/nano targeted probes, key technologies of ultrasound molecular imaging, new ultrasound
imaging technologies, and the application of ultrasound micro/nano target bubbles in recent years. The integration of multifunctional micro/nano bubbles and multimodal molecular imaging, as well as diagnosis and treatment, is the development trend of ultrasound molecular probes. Artificial
intelligence technology will serve as a basic tool to provide technical support for intelligent ultrasound molecular probes and molecular imaging.
Zinc-Doped Titanium Dioxide Microporous Coating Promotes Osteoblast Adhesion Through the Integrin β1/FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Fei , Ni Xiaohui , Wu Jieshi , Luo Rui , Lu Kaihang , Zhang Sujiajun , Xu Ruisheng , Zhao Quanming
Published: August 2023

Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used bone repair materials in clinical practice. However, titanium and titanium alloys are biologically inert and cannot induce bone formation, resulting in poor integration between titanium-based implants and the surrounding natural bone tissue.
We used early-stage plasma oxidation to prepare a zinc doped TiO2 microporous structure (ZnTMS) coating on a titanium surface with good surface morphology. In vitro studies have shown that this coating can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and has good
biological activity. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which the ZnTMS coating affects cell regulation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the effect of the ZnTMS coating on the adhesion and extension of MC3T3-E1 cells through cellular and molecular
biology experiments and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the enhanced cell adhesion.We found that the ZnTMS coating can not only promote the adhesion and extension of MC3T3-E1 cells but can also promote the expression of actin and Vinculin. Further research showed that the ZnTMS
coating can upregulate the protein expression of integrin β1, FAK, pFAK, and RhoA in MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, the integrin β1/FAK/RhoA signaling pathway may play important roles in the promotion of MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion by the ZnTMS coating.
Dasatinib Attenuates Inflammatory Outcomes of the Sepsis Induced Acute Lung Injury Through mTOR Pathway
Authors: Guan Wei , Shi Yinghan , Xu Jiaruo , Wang Xiuli , Xiao Junjie , Xie Lixin
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of dasatinib, an FDA-approved drug for chronic myeloid leukemia, in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). In the in vitro part of the study, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the
anti-inflammatory effects of dasatinib were assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. In the in vivo part, ALI was induced in mice through intraperitoneal LPS injection. The researchers investigated alveolar-capillary permeability, the inflammatory response, and
the therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib in ALI. Dasatinib administration was found to attenuate inflammation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. In the in vivo experiments, dasatinib reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It
also decreased lung tissue permeability, as evidenced by a lower amount of Evans blue dye detected after ALI. Furthermore, dasatinib alleviated lung histological damage and reduced the lung injury grade, demonstrating its protective role in ALI. By inhibiting the mTOR pathway in macrophages,
dasatinib exhibited a protective and anti-inflammatory effect on ALI. It reduced the intrapulmonary inflammatory response, prevented capillary disruption, and inhibited the accumulation of inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that dasatinib holds promise as a potential treatment option
for protecting lung tissue in ALI.
Identification of Autophagy-Related Gene Signature as A Prognostic Index in Patients Suffering from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Chao , Liu Jialin , Bian Qinjiang , Wang Jian
Published: August 2023

Autophagy is a process of lysosomal degradation and elimination of the intracellular content in stressed cells which reportedly has a crucial part in the occurrence and development of tumors. The sixth most prevalent cancer all over the world is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
(HNSCC). HNSCC is associated with an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, seriously affecting human health. This investigation examined the relationship between genes linked to autophagy and the prognosis for HNSCC, aiming to discover new autophagy-related biomarkers of HNSCC prognosis.
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC database was utilized for identifying differentially expressed 38 autophagy-related genes. Through the use of LASSO regression, univariate Cox analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis, a prognostic model of 6 autophagy-related genes was developed. The interested
genes FADD, EGFR, and CTSL expression in the HNSCC cell line was determined via qRT-PCR. Following the model risk score, patients were grouped into high- or low-risk groups. The results of the survival analysis showed that the high-risk group’s overall survival time was considerably
shorter in comparison to the low-risk group (P <0.001). Nomograms were established and calibration curves were verified using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. It was found that autophagy-related gene signatures were more effective as independent prognostic indicators
than other single indicators. The selected autophagy-related gene signature was linked to the overall survival time of HNSCC patients. qRT-PCR results showed that FADD, EGFR, and CTSL genes dispalyed obvious upregulation in HNSCC cell line. The current study provides potential prognostic markers
for predicting clinical HNSCC prognosis. Our data suggests potential clinical applications of HNSCC autophagy markers.
Uncovering Potential Novel Biomarkers in Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Hu Luoyi
Published: August 2023

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) is a complicated disorder, which can induce multiple-system damage. The pathogenic factor inducing KD remains unclear. The present study focused on identifying potential novel biomarkers for IVIG-resistant KD using integrated
analyses. Eight IVIG-resistant KD samples and twelve IVIG-sensitive KD samples were included in the GSE18606 dataset. A Linear Model for Microarray Data (LIMMA) identified 504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), An IVIG-resistant KD sample was compared with an IVIG-sensitive KD sample to
identify 17 modules through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A common gene (CG) is the intersection of DEGs and genes in the most significant module. Analysis of functional enrichment revealed that CGs were mainly enriched in TNF signaling pathways and NF-kappa B signaling
pathways. Ten of these genes were selected as hub genes because of their high degree of connectivity (KLF1, AHSP, HBQ1, HBA2, HBA1, EPB42, GYPB, UBB, KRT1 and BPIFB2).
Decoy Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Pingquan Zhang , Yijia Sun , Zirong Huang , Yujie Liang , Weimin Zhu
Published: August 2023

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an important inflammatory factor in multi-organ inflammation and tissue damage. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a bioactive receptor for IL-1. The interaction of these two—IL-1 and its particular receptor antagonist, IL-1RA—influences
the propensity and severity of numerous illnesses. Importantly, therapies using IL-1RA have been applied in treatment of human inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we designed a “decoy” cell-derived nanocapsule, which uses stably-expressed HEK293T cells
to display the IL-1RA on the outer surface of exosomes to act as a decoy antagonist against IL-1. After preparation, the decoy exosomes were characterized using Western Blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to confirm whether they retained the
correct size and shape of naturally-occurring exosomes. Results indicated that the IL-1Ra protein was successfully expressed on exosomes that had been secreted by HEK293T cells that were transfected with a pcDNA3.1(+)-IL-1RA-N-termSyntenin recombinant plasmid. This work provides a favorable,
exosome-based tool for the targeted delivery of IL-1Ra for the treatment of joint inflammatory diseases.
Biocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Alssum Lamees , Alghofaily Maha , Elsafadi Mona Ahmed , Abuhaimed Jawahir , Almadhari Randa , Alshibani Nouf , Al-Kattan Reem , Mahmood Amer
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives: Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) is a natural resinous substance derived from the bark of the Commiphora molmol tree, which is native to Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine
for its well-known antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, it has gained attention for its potential regenerative medicine applications. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of myrrh on human mesenchymal
stem cells (hMSC). Methods: Myrrh solution (MS) was prepared from commercial organic myrrh resin. The hMSC cell line were exposed to nine different concentrations of MS and viability was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay. The mineralization potential of myrrh was evaluated using
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Results: At concentrations lower than 15.6 ug/ml after 7 and 14 days of treatment, cell viability levels were not markedly different from the control indicating low cytotoxic effect of the MS on hMSC. ALP levels
were higher in the MS experimental groups compared to the control group. The AZR results were consistent with the ALP levels and confirmed that MS promoted hMSC mineralization. Conclusions: These findings confirm the cellular biocompatibility and the mineralization potential of myrrh
in hMSC cell lines in vitro.
Comparison of Fluorescence of Tooth Enamel, Resin Composite, Lithium Disilicate and Monolithic Zirconia Under Thermocyclic Ageing
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed A. , Abushaqqaf Hisham , Assiry Yazeed , Almslam Ahmed S. , Al-obaid Fahad , Alzamel Yazeed , Alhejazi Ahmed , Alanzi Ali Z.
Published: August 2023

The aim was to compare the fluorescence intensity of tooth enamel, resin composite, lithium disilicate, and monolithic zirconia before and after thermocyclic aging. Lithium disilicate (LD) and monolithic Zirconia ceramic samples were fabricated with the CAD-CAM method. Resin composite
specimens, of shades A1, A2, and A3, were prepared with photo-polymerization and putty mold. Extracted second molar teeth were obtained and sectioned to produce enamel specimens. Fluorescence assessment prior to thermocycling was performed using flurolog-Qm system before and after thermocycling.
Samples were exposed to thermocycling (TC) for 30,000 cycles in distilled water at 5 °C and 55 °C for 30 s each, with 5 s between the baths. The means and standard deviations were compared using, t-test, analysis of variance, and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons test.
The initial fluorescence intensities before thermocyclic ageing were highest in LD ceramic specimens (42579±817.1). The lowest fluorescence was observed in monolithic Zr specimen 14750±584.7. The reduction in fluorescence intensity after thermocyclic ageing was highest in LD
specimens, however, the lowest difference was noted in composite A3 specimens. LD ceramic showed significantly high fluorescence among all materials before and after ageing. The fluorescence of the tested materials reduced with ageing and is expected to decrease intraorally with time.
Role of Raf-1/ERK Signaling Pathway in Estradiol and Propranolol in the Intervention of Xenograft Hemangioma In Vivo
Authors: Xu Yanpeng , Li Jiahuan , Yu Song , Chen Yan , He Zhixu
Published: August 2023

The pathogenesis and the mechanism of orally administered propranolol in the treatment of hemangioma are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the changes of xenograft hemangioma in nude mice after intervention with estradiol and propranolol. Raf-1 and p-ERK expression in xenograft hemangiomas
was assessed to evaluate their role in hemangioma proliferation and regression after treatment. A hemangioma xenograft model in nude mice was established. The successful xenograft specimens were selected and then randomized into control group, estradiol group and propranolol group. At the
date of injection, and on day 7 and 21 after injection, the morphological changes of xenograft hemangiomas were visually characterized and imaged by light microscopy. The distribution and expression Raf-1 and p-ERK protein was determined by immunohistochemical detection. In control group,
the xenografts increased gradually in volume, had a soft texture and their colors gradually turned red with observation of proliferation of endothelial cells and a capillary lumen that contained monolayer endothelial cells. In Estradiol group, the xenografts grew fast and increased significantly
in volume, had a soft texture and their colors were dark red with a hyperplasia of endothelial cells, irregular volume, and deranged and compact endothelial cells. More capillary lumens and sinuses were also seen. Raf-1 and p-ERK expression in estradiol group was significantly increased (P
< 0.05). In Propranolol group, the xenografts volume decreased, had a soft texture, and their colors turned gradually white with decreased number of proliferative endothelial cells. The vascular lumens, composed of endothelial cells, were larger, and some of them disappeared and were replaced
by fibrous connective tissue and vascular adipose tissue. Raf-1 and p-ERK expression in propranolol group was lower than estradiol and control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Raf-1/ERK signaling pathway may be involved in hemangioma. Estrogen and propranolol may regulate the proliferation
or regression of hemangioma through Raf-1/ERK signaling pathway.
pH Effects of Soda, Brew, and Citrus on Adhesive Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets to the Enamel. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Adhesive Remnant Index Analysis
Authors: Sultan Hareem , Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Almoammar Salem , Al Jearah Mohammed Mohsen , Khan Mariam , Mahmood Syed Junaid , Ahmed Ghulam , Mahmood Mirza
Published: August 2023

Aim: To assess the effects of milk tea, carbonated drink, orange juice, and artificial saliva on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and assess their mode of failure under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Material and Methods: Eighty non-carious
extracted premolars were disinfected, etched, had primer applied and cured, and bracket bonded with light cure composite adhesive. These teeth were then immersed in separate media of milk tea, carbonated drink, orange juice, and artificial saliva for 10 minutes per day for three months. After
which, they were thermocycled and subjected to shear stress in the Universal testing machine, and the shear load was recorded. Following debonding, the teeth were analyzed under SEM for failure analysis using adhesive remnant Index (ARI). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison
tests. Results: Carbonated drink and milk tea showed comparable shear bond strength which differed significantly from that of orange juice and artificial saliva. Conclusion: Carbonated drink had the most erosive effect on the tooth’s surface and showed the least shear bond
strength and adhesive remnant score than the teeth immersed in other media.
Safety Assessments of Electroacupuncture-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Opening: An Animal Study
Authors: Wang Hao , Mao Xu-Qing , Ren Li , Ma Cong-Cong , Zhao Yi-Bin , Gan Lin , Zhang Shan-Shan , Gong Peng , Lin Yu-Bo , Lin Xian-Ming
Published: August 2023

The presence of the Blood–Brain barrier (BBB) makes it difficult for therapeutic agents to reach the brain to treat brain diseases. As an emerging treatment, electroacupuncture (EA)-mediated BBB opening can temporarily increase the permeability of the brain blood vessels to increase
the concentration of the therapeutic agent in the brain parenchyma, which offers great clinical benefits. Recent studies have suggested that BBB opening with excessive exposure levels may cause tissue/cell damage and short-term behavioral changes. Here, we investigated whether the EA-mediated
BBB opening cause serious adverse events in the normal rat brain tissue and motor behavior, such as brain tissue damage, histopathologic alteration, or aggravated behavioral changes. EA was performed on the accupoint GV26 and GV20. Evans Blue Assay (EBA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran
Assay were performed to assess the BBB permeability. Immunofluorescence of GFAP-positive cells was marked and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) Staining was carried out for assessing brain cortex damage. Tunel Assay was conducted to assess cell apoptosis. ELISA was used to measure the contents of TNF-α
and IL-1β in brain tissue to explore the inflammatory response. The open field test, balance beam test and Y-Maze test were carried out to assess and neural behaviour. EA can induce an increase in BBB permeability on rats, allowing the macromolecular tracer Evans blue (EB) and
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)–Dextran to enter the brain. Histological analysis indicated that there was no obvious red blood cell leakage and a cellular apoptotic response in the brain tissue of rats with EA treatment. In addition, EA stimulation at specific parameters did not impair
the rats’ motor ability, balance and coordination, and short-term spatial learning and memory. Our results suggest that EA can safely and effectively open the BBB in rats without causing brain damage and behavioral memory impairment.
Current practice and recommendations for managing transgender patient data in clinical laboratories in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
Authors: Hepburn Sophie , Buchanan Devon , Costelloe Seán J
Published: August 2023

Background

Transgender people may avoid seeking medical care due to previous negative experiences and fear of discrimination. Clinical laboratories can contribute to a poor patient experience and clinical outcome when the design and functionality of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) do not consider the needs of transgender patients. This survey aimed to capture current practices in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland clinical laboratories concerning how transgender patient data and test requests are managed throughout the total testing process.

Methods

An anonymous survey was distributed to clinical laboratory professionals in November 2021. Thirty-three questions covered how gender variables are recorded for transgender patients and used to inform gender-specific calculations, test access, and reference intervals (RIs).

Results

Of the 66 respondents, 70% were based in laboratories in England, with a majority of laboratories having ISO 15189 accreditation and processing 1000–10,000 blood samples daily. Eighty-five percent stated that their LIMS had a single field recording sex or gender information. Forty-three percent did not limit test access based on gender, but 68% did not append RIs for patients with unknown or indeterminate gender.

Conclusions

This survey was the first to quantify how clinical laboratories manage sex and gender information and report results for transgender and non-binary patients, and details several key recommendations based on the survey responses.
Different serum sodium assay, different model for end stage liver disease - sodium scores in patients awaiting liver transplant: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rodriguez-Alvarez Fatima , Moctezuma-Velázquez Paulina , Mota-Ayala Blanca Zuleyma , Pamila-Tecuautzin Paul Alonso , García-Juárez Ignacio , Moctezuma-Velázquez Carlos
Published: August 2023

Introduction and aims

Sodium can be measured with direct or indirect methods; abnormal plasma total protein concentration can impact on sodium measured by indirect ion-selective electrodes (ISE). Serum sodium is an important item to determine the Model for End Stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) score, commonly used for liver graft allocation. Patients with cirrhosis usually have hypoproteinemia. The aim of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference between the MELD-Na scores calculated based on the results of two different serum sodium ISE: indirect and direct.

Methods

This was a retrospective study; we included 166 patients that underwent liver transplant assessment, and that had paired ( i.e. same date and time) direct and indirect sodium determinations. We calculated the MELD-Na scores with both sodium determinations, and we compared them.

Results

There was a significant difference between MELD-Na scores; the mean difference was 0.4±1.3. If MELD-Na score had been determined by the sodium measured by the direct ISE, 69 patients (42%) would have stayed in the same place on the waiting list, 67 patients (40%) would have moved up, and 30 patients (18%) would have moved down.

Conclusions

There was a statistically significant difference between the MELD-Na scores calculated based on the two different sodium concentrations, which would theoretically result in changes in the order of the waiting list. This finding should prompt studies to assess if MELD-Na calculated based on direct methods has a better performance to predict clinically relevant outcomes.
Pediatric Oncology and Obesity: An Introduction for General Pediatricians
Authors: Reel Sarah Martin , Siegel Robert M. , Pillay Smiley Natasha
Published: August 2023

For pediatric patients with cancer, a healthy lifestyle is important for treatment outcomes and beyond. General pediatricians play a major role in the care of these patients, particularly given the improved rates of survival. Pediatric obesity has many negative consequences, but it is an area where primary care providers can make an impact and provide support to childhood cancer survivors. To provide the best quality of care for this population, there must be collaboration between primary care and oncology providers. Additionally, general practioners should feel empowered to offer standard nutrition and physical activity recommendations to all childhood cancer survivors. For pediatric patients who carry a cancer diagnosis, cure is no longer the only goal. Pediatric providers across specialties need to work as a team to improve long-term quality of life for these patients, starting with modifiable healthy habits.
Modified sphenoidotomy for isolated sphenoid sinus disease: A series of 117 cases
Authors: Duan Hong-Gang , Ji Fang , Yuan Hui , Wang Hua-Lin , Chen Ming , Ma Di-Jiang
Published: August 2023

Background:

The atresia rate of sphenoid ostium after endoscopic sphenoidotomy for isolated sphenoid disease is 9.4%–10.2%.

Aims:

To reduce sphenoid sinus ostium atresia rate after sphenoidotomy surgery.

Materials and Methods:

The data of patients with isolated sphenoid sinus disease at our hospital between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The age, gender, disease course, pathology, postoperative follow-up time, anatomy data of sphenoid sinus and postoperative sinus ostium atresia rate were compared between the two groups of patients with traditional sphenoidotomy and modified sphenoidotomy.

Results:

A total of 117 patients with isolated sphenoid sinus disease underwent endoscopic sphenoidotomy. There were 76 cases in the traditional sphenoidotomy group, fungus ball in 59.2% of patients, the postoperative sinus ostium atresia rate was 14.5%. There were 41 cases in the modified sphenoidotomy group, fungus ball in 53.6% of patients, and 0 case of sinus ostium atresia. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in postoperative sinus ostium atresia rate. There was no significant difference in age, pathology, postoperative follow-up time, anatomy data of sphenoid, and other data.

Conclusions and Significance:

The modified endoscopic sphenoidotomy may reduce the rate of postoperative sinus ostium atresia.
Animals and the ethics of war: a call for an inclusive just-war theory
Authors: Milburn Josh , Van Goozen Sara
Published: August 2023

Animals have been almost entirely absent from scholarly appraisals of the ethics of war. Just-war theory concerns when communities may permissibly resort to war; who may wage war; who they may harm in war; and what kinds of harm they may cause. Each question can be complicated by animals’ inclusion. After introducing just-war theory and the argument for an animal-inclusive just-war theory, this paper reviews ethical appraisals of war on animals’ behalf and wars against animals. It then turns to consider harm to and use of animals in war. It concludes by considering questions in the ethics of war beyond just-war theory as traditionally construed.
The Impact of Employee Perceptions of Inclusion in a Racially Diverse Agency: Lessons From a State Government Survey
Authors: Trochmann Maren , Stewart Kendra , Ragusa Jordan
Published: August 2023

Public organizations have long sought to increase workforce diversity and employee inclusion, a goal that has only increased in recent years. The study examines a racially diverse state government agency to explore how employee perceptions of diversity and inclusion relate to workplace happiness, employee engagement, and job satisfaction. Using original survey data of over 1,800 workers, this study explores how employees perceive diversity and inclusion, how these perceptions relate to overall workplace happiness, and examines the factors that may lead to more positive perceptions of diversity and inclusion. The analysis employs principal component analysis and multilevel regression modeling. The findings underscore the connections between overall workplace happiness and positive perceptions of diversity and inclusion. The key takeaways for public organizations include the importance of senior leadership when it comes to cultivating a diverse and inclusive environment. Finally, a notable finding is the statistically significant increase in positive feelings around inclusion and diversity for historically underrepresented racial groups and that low pay for long-term employees decreases these feelings.
Investigating Associations Between Physical Activity and Presenteeism – A Scoping Review
Authors: Hervieux Valérie , Biron Caroline , Dima Justine
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to scope the literature on what is currently known between physical activity and presenteeism.

Data Source

A search strategy was conducting in six scientific databases.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Studies written in English about the relation between physical activity and presenteeism were considered for inclusion.

Data Extraction

Data on definitions and measurement of presenteeism and physical activity were extracted.

Data Synthesis

The data is categorized according to the understanding of presenteeism of the studies to give a better idea of how this phenomenon is studied in relation to physical activity.

Results

After screening 9773 titles and abstracts and 269 full-text articles, 57 unique articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles were published since 2010 and originated predominantly in the United States. Most studies (70%) define presenteeism as lost productivity due to health problems, according to the American line of research, whereas 19% of the studies define it as “working while ill” which refers to the European line of research. The studies that reflected the American school of thought tends to report more results that supported their hypothesis (i.e., that more physical activity is associated with less presenteeism).

Conclusion

This review has highlighted the homogeneity in how presenteeism is conceptualized and measured in studies included in our sample. Research on physical activity and presenteeism should be expanded across various disciplines in social sciences to respond to the needs that many researchers have expressed to promote healthier organizations.
Minor Phenomena in Parkinson’s Disease–Prevalence, Associations, and Risk of Developing Psychosis
Authors: Schneider Ruth B. , Auinger Peggy , Dobkin Roseanne D. , Mills Kelly A. , Kulick-Soper Catherine V. , Myers Taylor L. , Korell Monica , Pontone Gregory M. , Nirenberg Melissa J.
Published: August 2023

Background

Minor phenomena, including passage phenomena, feeling of presence, and illusions, are common and may represent a prodromal form of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of minor phenomena, and their potential role as a risk factor for PD psychosis.

Methods

A novel questionnaire, the Psychosis and Mild Perceptual Disturbances Questionnaire for PD (PMPDQ), was completed by Fox Insight cohort participants with and without PD. Additional assessments included the Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest), REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Single Question Screen (RBD1Q), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part II, demographic features, and medication usage. For participants with PD, we used regression models to identify clinical associations and predictors of incident psychosis over one year of follow-up.

Results

Among participants with PD (n = 5950) and without PD (n = 1879), the prevalence of minor phenomena was 43.1% and 31.7% ( P < .001). Of the 3760 participants with PD and no baseline psychosis, independent correlates of minor phenomena included positive responses on the NMSQuest apathy/attention/memory (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.1, P < .001) or sexual function domain (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, P = .01) and positive RBD1Q (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.05-1.5, P = .01). Independent risk factors for incident PD psychosis included the presence of minor phenomena (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4-3.9, P < .001), positive response on the NMSQuest apathy/attention/memory domain (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6, P < .001), and positive RBD1Q (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, P = .004).

Conclusions

Minor phenomena are common, associated with specific non-motor symptoms, and an independent predictor of incident psychosis in PD.
Multiple pathways to solve urban challenges: A shared portfolio approach towards smart city development
Authors: van den Ouweland Chantal , van Winden Willem , Mora Luca
Published: August 2023

Municipalities often collaborate with other stakeholders in smart city projects to develop and implement technological innovations to address complex urban issues. We propose the shared portfolio approach as an alternative way of collaborating , because we have identified possible limitations when the commonly used single-project approach is adopted in complex contexts, such as the smart city context. The portfolio approach enhances flexibility, an embedded focus and cross-project learning, because partners work on multiple projects – either in parallel or in succession – to develop multiple solutions to a specific problem. An in-depth case study is used to illustrate how the shared portfolio approach works. In practice, these insights can be used by public bodies who aim to collaborate in smart city development or by partners who work on smart city projects and wish to continue their collaboration in a portfolio setting. Conceptually, our paper develops a connection between cross-sector partnership literature and smart city literature by revealing how the shared portfolio approach could be an effective way to deal with the complexities of innovation in the smart city context.
A comprehensive study of the effects of various design variables on the dynamic behavior and vibration characteristics of a front-loading washing machine
Authors: Hashemian Fatemeh , Deng Xiaomin , Wang Yi , Kim Seungoh , Vaidhyanathan Raveendran
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive study of the effects of various design variables on the dynamic behavior and vibration characteristics of a front-loading washing machine. A multibody dynamics model of the washing machine with a set of 9 key design variables is developed using the commercial multibody simulation software Adams View. The design variables are implemented to enable automated modifications of the dynamics model for certain parameters such as the geometric orientations of the springs and dampers in the washing machine. This dynamics model is employed to perform a series of numerical simulations by considering a range of parametric values for the design variables. Numerical convergence analysis is performed to ensure that the simulation solutions are converged. Using the simulation solutions, the time histories of displacements at select points of the washing machine during operation (from transient till steady-state motion) are analyzed to understand how the natural frequencies of the washing machine are affected by various design variables. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the design variables that have the strongest impact on the dynamic behavior of the washing machine. Of all the design variables affecting the dynamic behavior of the washer model, the weight balancer mass density and the damping coefficient were found to have the strongest effect.
Beyond Borders: Rethinking Pakistan’s National Security in a Global Context
Authors: Mir Tawseef Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Syed Shahid Hussain Bukhari, Pakistan’s Security and the India–US Strategic Partnership: Nuclear Politics and Security Competition (Routledge, 2021). Pp. ix+264, £ 38.99.

Arshad Ali, Pakistan’s National Security Approach and Post-Cold War Security: Uneasy Co-Existence (Routledge, 2021). Pp. x+232, £ 38.99.

M. Raymond Izarali & Dalbir Ahlawat (eds.), Terrorism, Security and Development in South Asia: National, Regional and Global Implications (Routledge, 2021). Pp. xiii+316, £ 39.16.
Agreement Between Two-Concentration and One-Concentration Area Under the Curve (AUC) Estimates When Using Bayesian Modeling to Dose Vancomycin in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Covington Elizabeth W. , Watkins Addison M.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Vancomycin Bayesian modeling provides 24-hour area under the curve (AUC24) estimations. However, the agreement between two-concentration and one-concentration Bayesian estimates in patients with obesity is unknown.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement between two-concentration and one-concentration Bayesian AUC24 estimates in patients with obesity receiving vancomycin.

Methods:

This retrospective within-subjects cohort study included patients with obesity and two vancomycin concentrations. The first concentration was hidden from dosing software to record the one-concentration AUC24. AUC24 estimates were categorized into 1 of 3 groups: <400, 400 to 600, or >600 mg*h/L. Patients were excluded for vancomycin duration less than 48 hours or renal dysfunction. The primary outcome was AUC24 agreement with two versus one concentration. Secondary outcomes included the AUC24 category, matching of AUC24 categorization, and correlation between two-concentration versus one-concentration AUC24. AUC24 estimate agreement was assessed by Bland Altman plot and bias via linear regression. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 20.0).

Results:

A total of 31 patients were included. The mean difference in AUC24 between two versus one concentration was 11.4 mg*h/L (95% limits of agreement = −72 to 95 mg*h/L). Linear regression indicated the presence of proportional bias at higher AUC24 values (β = 0.16; P = 0.015). Matching of AUC24 categorization with two versus one concentration was 87% (27/31 patients).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This study demonstrated overall agreement between AUC24 estimates when using two versus one vancomycin concentration in patients with obesity, though proportional bias was detected at higher AUC24. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Three-Dimensional Distance Mapping to Identify Safe Zones for Lateral Column Lengthening
Authors: Efrima Ben , Barbero Agustin , Ramalingam Kuharajan , Indino Cristian , Maccario Camilla , Usuelli Federico Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Background:

Evans (E-LCL) and Hintermann LCL (H-LCL) lateral column lengthening osteotomies are standard surgical solutions for flexible, progressive collapsing feet. E-LCL is performed between the anterior and middle facets and endangers specific os calcis subtalar joint (OCST) subtypes without distinct facets. H-LCL is oriented between the posterior and middle facets and should be suitable for all OCSTs. Both osteotomies are associated with increased subtalar osteoarthritis, indicating iatrogenic damage. Distance mapping (DM) enables visualization of the relative distance between 2 articular surfaces represented by color patterns. This study aims to measure the safe zones for LCL using 3-dimensional (3D) models and DM; we hypothesize that it could be measured with high reproducibility.

Methods:

Two raters categorized 200 feet across 134 patients into OCSTs based on the Bruckner classification. Four angles were measured independently. The proximal and distal extents of the posterior safe zone (PSZ) angles were determined for H-LCL osteotomies; similarly, the proximal and distal extents of the anterior safe zone (ASZ) angles were identified for E-LCL osteotomies. Consequently, the surface available for safe osteotomies were calculated. An interclass correlation was used to assess the agreement between the 2 raters. Additionally, analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the safe zones between OCSTs.

Results:

The mean proximal and distal extents of the PSZ angles were 68 ± 7 and 75 ± 5 degrees from a line parallel to the lateral border of the calcaneus, respectively, and the proximal and distal extent of the ASZ angles were 89 ± 6 and 95 ± 5 degrees, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the OCSTs. Two raters measured the angles with good to excellent interrater and intrarater agreement. In 18 cases, we were unable to plan for H-LCL or E-LCL osteotomies.

Conclusion:

Distance mapping could be used to measure the safe zone, tailor a preoperative plan, and potentially reduce the risk for iatrogenic damage in LCL. 3D models and DM can increase the reliability of preoperative plans in bones with complex 3D structures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Minimally Invasive Transverse Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy (MITO) for Hallux Valgus Correction: Early Outcomes of Mild to Moderate vs Severe Deformities
Authors: Yoon Yeo Kwon , Tang Zhi Hao , Shim Dong Woo , Rhyu Hyeong-Jun , Han Seung Hwan , Lee Jin Woo , Park Kwang Hwan
Published: August 2023

Background:

We compared the radiological and clinical outcomes of mild to moderate and severe hallux valgus (HV) treated with minimally invasive distal metatarsal transverse osteotomy (MITO) performed by a single surgeon.

Methods:

Eighty-four patients who underwent MITO between May 2018 and March 2020 were recruited and followed for at least 24 months. The severe group was defined as having a preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) >40 degrees or preoperative first-to-second intermetatarsal angle (1-2 IMA) >16 degrees; the mild to moderate group was defined as having an HVA <40 degrees and a 1-2 IMA <16 degrees. Pre- and postoperative measurements of the HVA, 1-2 IMA, distal metatarsal articular angle, and tibial sesamoid position were obtained. The visual analog scale for pain, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey–36 physical component summary were used to assess clinical outcomes.

Results:

A total of 116 feet were included in this study and median follow-up period of 29.0 months (range, 24-52 months). Both groups showed significant improvements in all radiologic parameters postoperatively, with the degrees of correction greater in the severe group than in the mild to moderate group. All clinical scores improved significantly from the preoperative to the last follow-up visit. Final clinical outcomes and degrees of improvement were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:

This study showed that short-term radiographic results for patients with either mild to moderate or severe HV treated with MITO were favorable. Overall clinical outcomes were comparable to those of conventional treatments. In this series, we found MITO with screw fixation to be a satisfactory surgical option for patients with mild to severe HV deformities.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.