bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Searching behaviour of Research Scholars in the Department of History, A.M.U., Aligarh: A Study
Authors: Alam Ansari Nahav , Masoon Raza M.
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The major aim of this paper is to present the findings of a survey of research scholars in the Department of History, AMU to assess information seeking on the web. Methodology: A questionnaire comprising of 15 questions was distributed to 60 research scholars. Total of 31 questionnaires were received over a period of two weeks. Findings: The major findings of the study revealed that most of the scholars had long experience of using web, but majority were not aware of Boolean operators and those who were aware did not use Boolean operators. Google was their favorite search engine. The main purpose for using web was for research and respondents spent more than one hour/day. They were unaware of leading databases. The sole problem was low speed, but almost all participants were satisfied with using web sources. Practical Implications: This article provides insight into research scholar’s web searching behavior for fulfillment of academic needs.
Intraamniotic Infection and the Term Neonate
Authors: Raines Deborah A. , Wagner Ashley , Salinas Alexander
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Intraamniotic infection (IAI) may occur when the amniotic membranes are ruptured >18 hours prior to birth. The term neonate is at risk for early onset sepsis. This article describes the pathophysiology of IAI and the role of the mother-baby nurse during the anticipated birth and the ongoing assessment of the neonate.
Factors Affecting the Participation of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in e-Learning and Their Satisfaction: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Lago Emilio Ferreiro , Acedo Sara Osuna
Published: November 2017

Today the digital divide is measured not so much by access to the internet but by people's ability to interact in cyberspace, which calls for specific digital communication skills. These skills are also required for participation in e-learning, bearing in mind that the deaf and hard of hearing have certain characteristics related to their condition.  This study aims to identify inequalities in access to e-learning by those who are deaf or hard of hearing, observe how they are related to social and demographic factors, and confirm whether the accessibility of the e-learning environment has a direct influence on their satisfaction. The study has been conducted via an electronic survey in Spain with a non-probabilistic sample, in line with the characteristics of this sector of the population, recording social and demographic data, and information about the participants' experience of e-learning and their satisfaction with the experience. The representative survey sample consisted of 484 deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals in Spain, aged between 16 and 64. Using a chi-square test for independence we obtained a significant relationship between participation in online courses and the following variables: level of education, knowledge of sign language, and number of members in the household. A correspondence analysis was then carried out to detect particular relationships between classes of the related variables.
Evaluation of the UNED MOOCs Implementation: Demographics, Learners' Opinions and Completion Rates
Authors: Gil-Jaurena Inés , Callejo-Gallego Javier , Agudo Yolanda
Published: November 2017

The paper is a study about the MOOC experience at the Spanish National University of Distance Education (UNED), where we have collected initial and final information about learners' profiles and opinions, as well as enrolment, completion and certification rates. It is a survey-based study covering 17 MOOCs offered in UNED's own platform, and collects information from a sample of more than 24000 learners (initial survey) and 2003 learners (final survey). The paper first presents an overview of the MOOC experience at UNED, introducing the main features of these courses. Afterwards, it focuses on the methodology used in the study and in the information gathered in the second edition of UNED MOOCs, which took place from November 2013 until March 2014. Learners' average profile is a Spanish female, approximately 37 years old, with a University degree, and generally employed. For many of the participants, UNED MOOCs were their first experiences with these sorts of courses, and the main reasons for enrolment were the course topic and the perceived usefulness for professional development. The expectations regarding completion and certification where initially very high, but completion rates remain below 14%. In the final survey, the overall experience in the MOOCs and the different tools used in the courses were highly valued by learners, except the support figures (curator, facilitator, peers), which received lower ratings. These findings are of interest for the institution and further research, refining learning analytics, is encouraged.
Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Injury, and C.N.S. Nanotherapy in Humans: Sonoporation Augmenting Drug Targeting
Authors: D'Arrigo Joseph S.
Published: November 2017

Owing to the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, multiple cellular types need to be targeted simultaneously in order for a given therapy to demonstrate any major effectiveness. Ultrasound-sensitive coated microbubbles (in a targeted nanoemulsion) are available. Versatile small-molecule drug(s) targeting multiple pathways of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis are known. By incorporating such drug(s) into the targeted LCM/ND lipid nanoemulsion type, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic for translational medicine. This multitasking therapeutic targets cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly SR-BI), making possible for various Alzheimer's-related cell types to be simultaneously searched out for localized drug treatment in vivo. Besides targeting cell-surface SR-BI, the proposed LCM/ND-nanoemulsion combination therapeutic(s) include a characteristic lipid-coated microbubble [LCM] subpopulation (i.e., a stable LCM suspension); such LCM substantially reduce the acoustic power levels needed for accomplishing temporary noninvasive (transcranial) ultrasound treatment, or sonoporation, if additionally desired for the Alzheimer's patient.
Investigation of Geological Structures of Hydrogeological Importance of 1:100,000 Sheet 185 (Paiko) North-Central Nigeria Using Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Ejepu Jude Steven , Olasehinde Peter , Okhimamhe Appollonia A. , Okunlola Ipoola
Published: November 2017

Aeromagnetic data coupled with Landsat ETM+ data and SRTM DEM have been processed in order to map regional hydrogeological structures in the basement complex region of Paiko, north-central Nigeria. Lineaments were extracted from derivative maps from aeromagnetic, Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM datasets. Ground geophysical investigation utilizing Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) was established in nine transects comprising of four sounding stations which are oriented in three azimuths. Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) was employed to map the average depths structures from aeromagnetic dataset. Selected thematic layers which included lineaments density, lithologic, slope, drainage density and geomorphologic maps were integrated and modelled using ArcGIS to generate groundwater potential map of the area. Groundwater zones were classified into four categories: very good, good, moderate and poor according to their potential to yield sustainable water to drilled wells. Results from RVES survey reveal a close correlation to lineaments delineated from surface structural mapping and remotely sensed datasets. Hydrogeological significance of these orientations suggest that aeromagnetic data can be used to map relatively deep-seated fractures which are likely to be open groundwater conduits while remotely sensed lineaments and orientations delineated from the RVES survey may indicate areas of recharge. Regions with high lineament density have relatively better groundwater potential. This is attributable to areas having deep weathering profiles associated with intrusive bodies that have resulted in intense fracturing in the area. Drill depths in this area should target a minimum of 80 m to ensure sufficient and sustainable supplies to drilled wells. The outcome of this study should act as information framework that would guide the siting of productive water wells and while providing needed information for relevant agencies in need of data for the development of groundwater resources.
Atmospheric Emissions from Oil and Gas Extraction and Production in Greece
Authors: Papailias Georgios , Mavroidis Ilias
Published: November 2017

This paper addresses the atmospheric emissions from oil and gas extraction and production in Greece. The study was carried out in 2014 in the Kavala gulf, which currently is the only location of oil and gas production in Greece and where the exploration activities for hydrocarbons started in the late ‘60’s. This study presents the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of atmospheric emissions, in relation also to the emissions’ control management system. Particular reference is made to sulphur compounds since the existence of volcanic rocks results to increased amounts of H2S. The results shows that, currently, atmospheric emissions of pollutants during extraction and production of hydrocarbons in Greece are very low and do not have any significant effect on air quality and climate change. Since it is expected that exploitation of hydrocarbons and oil and gas extraction and production will increase in the future, appropriate measures should be taken to ensure environmental protection, such as the development of integrated monitoring systems and the use of up to date emission control technologies.
Augmented Smart Cities Integrating Sensor Web and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SmaCiSENS)
Authors: Bhattacharya Devanjan , Painho Marco
Published: November 2017

Spatio-temporal aspects of data lead to critical information. Sensors capture data at all scales continually so it is imperative that useful information be extracted ubiquitously and regularly. Location plays a vital part by helping understand relations between datasets. It is crucial to link developmental works with spatial attributes and current challenge is to create an open platform that manages real-time sensor data and provides critical spatial analytics atop expert domain knowledge provided in the system. That is a two-faced problem where the solution tackles not only data from multiple sources but also runs data management platform, a spatial data infrastructure(SDI) as backbone framework able to harness sensor web(SW). The paper proposes development of such a globally shared open spatial expert system(ES), SmaCiSENS, a first of a kind geo-enabled knowledge based(KB) ES for multiple fields, smarter cities to climate modeling. SmaCiSENS is integration of SW and SDI with domain KB on data and problems, ready to infer solutions. The paper describes an architecture for semantic enablement for SW, SDI; connect interfaces, functions of SDI and SW, and sensor data application program interfaces (APIs) to better manage climate modeling, geohazard, global changes, and other vital areas of attention and action.
Spatial Pattern of Traffic Induced Carbon Monoxide and Potential Health Risk in Karachi
Authors: Khan Imran Ahmed , Arsalan Mudassar Hassan
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to investigate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations on roadways of Karachi, potential blood levels carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb) in Karachi. Geographical information system (GIS) was used for spatial analysis of diseases potentiality while an interpolation technique has been applied for surface generation with town boundaries and later evaluates risk areas.The higher concentration of carbon monoxide in the ambient is mainly due to automobile emissions. The City center and CBD areas are more perilous.
Special Issue on Communicating Hazard and Risk: From Scientific Information to Community Involvement
Authors: Hirata Naoshi , Kimura Reo , Ohtomo Shoji
Published: November 2017

Hazard and risk researchers are using their research results to target several vastly different stakeholders: the scientific community, governmental institutions, engineers and the larger technical community, companies, and finally the local residents. Each of these groups has a different focus on the results and is drawing different conclusions from them. In this special issue for the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), we address the problems surrounding hazard and risk communication by asking important questions. How can we communicate hazard and/or risk to the public? How can we involve communities in risk assessment? How can we raise the acceptance of risk models in communities? How can communities be involved in mitigation measures? Finally, how can we explain the inherit uncertainties of hazard and risk assessments? To answer these questions, it is essential to integrate knowledge from the social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.

As the first step in this effort, we selected seven papers in the present special issue: six are related to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes in Japan and one to a research in Taiwan. They include studies on hazard and risk estimates before the disaster, risk communication during the earthquake sequence by the Japan Metrological Agency, the psychological and behavioral characteristics of disaster victims, resident evacuation patterns, the recovery process, and risk communication in disaster. The paper of the research in Taiwan addresses the importance of resident involvement to earthquake science for disaster preparedness.
The Influences of Residents’ Evacuation Patterns in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake on Public Risk Perceptions and Trust Toward Authorities
Authors: Ohtomo Shoji , Kimura Reo , Hirata Naoshi ,   Konan Women’s University 6-2-23, Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0001, Japan,   School of Human and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan,   Earthquake Prediction Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2017

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake consisted of a magnitude 6.2 foreshock that occurred on the 14th of April, and a magnitude 7.3 main shock that occurred on the 16th of April. The main shock occurring over the magnitude 6.2 foreshock was not anticipated because the foreshock was originally considered to be the main shock. After the earthquakes occurred, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) discontinued its policy of announcing the probability of aftershock occurrences. The experience of the Kumamoto earthquake and the policy change concerning risk communication may affect the public risk perception of earthquakes, as well as the public trust toward authorities. In this study, we examined the reasons residents made the decision to evacuation both the foreshock and the main shock. Moreover, we investigated how residents perceived subsequent earthquake risk and they evaluate similarity and trust toward the authorities (the JMA, government, mass media, prefecture, and municipality). This study analyzed data from a mail survey implemented by the MEXT of Japan in the areas of the Kumamoto prefecture that were damaged by the earthquake. As a result, there were differences in the reasons for evacuation decisions between the foreshock and the main shock. Although residents decided to evacuate based on a fear of disaster in the foreshock, they decided to evacuate the main shock based on neighborhood communication. Moreover, the residents’ evacuation patterns influenced the earthquake risk perception. As well, the evacuation pattern influenced similarity toward the authorities and then reduced trusts toward the authorities. This study indicates that residents amplified the evaluations of the authorities after the earthquake. The influences of similarities toward the authorities became salient as a determinant of trust. This study reveals features of residents’ risk reactions to the earthquake, and discusses the importance of the similarity of the authorities for disaster risk communication.
Citizen Earthquake Science in Taiwan: From Science to Hazard Mitigation
Authors: Liang Wen-Tzong , Lee Jian-Cheng , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Hsiao Nai-Chi ,   Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,   Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan,   Seismological Center, Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan
Published: November 2017

Taiwan is located at the convergent plate boundary between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates. As a result, intense earthquake activity and associated surface deformation are manifesting in this region. To implement and promote citizen earthquake science in Taiwan, we have developed several web-based platforms with multi-purpose themes, such as earthquake science information, popular science education, and crowdsourcing systems. First, with the rapid earthquake report issued from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB), the available near real-time scientific results obtained from the Taiwanese seismology community are collected and published to a platform, the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). The scientific information archived at TESIS includes CWB earthquake reports, focal mechanisms, shake maps, and finite source models (for strong earthquakes). All real-time results are integrated into a GIS system with background geospatial information, such as geological maps, traces of active faults, background seismicity, and inter-seismic GPS velocity fields. Second, by collaborating with Stanford University to maintain a regional Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) server in Taiwan, we have promoted citizen seismology in Asia by bringing earthquake information and scientific knowledge to the public. More than 200 school teachers have already installed the QCN sensors in Internet-enabled computers. Through two web-based educational platforms, users are able to access the guidelines and further interact with the recorded waveforms. Third, we also developed an earthquake damage reporting system – the Taiwan Scientific Earthquake Reporting (TSER) system – to encourage the citizen to collect field observation for significant earthquake-induced ground damages such as surface fault rupture, landslide, rock fall, liquefaction, and landslide-triggered dam or lake. The TSER system is constructed under the Ushahidi mapping platform, which has been widely used in crowdsourcing for the geospatial archiving of events. Trained high school teachers and public volunteers can send their ground damage observations, including photographs, through the TSER system. Most of these products and online systems are now being operated by the Taiwan Earthquake Research Center (TEC). With these newly developed platforms and materials, we aim to not only raise earthquake awareness and preparedness, but also encourage public participation in earthquake science in Taiwan.
Control Change Cause Analysis-Based Fault Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Wu Gang-Gang ,   Institute of Systems Science and Engineering, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Wind Power Systems,  Henan University of Science and Technology No.48 Xiyuan Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang 471003, PR China, Yang Zong-Xiao , Li Gen-Sheng , Song Lei
Published: November 2017

How to identify the fault causes quickly and improve the efficiency of maintenance, which can reduce the fault disaster, has always been one of the key problems in equipments fault diagnosis. In this paper, a new qualitative fault diagnostic approach based on control change cause analysis (3CA) is proposed to identify the fault causes and fault risk index, which can be utilized to control the risk of equipment fault. We employed an existing method that was events and conditional factors analysis (ECFA+) to identify the analysis objects of 3CA, and put forward integrated methods including first principle-best practices approach, barrier failure analysis and prioritization rating code (PRC) matrix to accomplish control analysis, change analysis and significance rating of 3CA respectively, and those technical methods could be used to build the procedure diagram of identifying the content in each column of 3CA worksheet. According to the procedure of 3CA, we built a worksheet of 3CA for a vehicle engine fault, then fault causes and significance rating on behalf of the rating of fault risk index were determined. Meanwhile fault risk index had also been used to rank the fault causes, accomplishing fault diagnosis and verifying the availability or this method for fault diagnosis. The proposed approach can be able to identify fault causes of different fault modes that they have different risk index, and provide the fault causes rating that is the foundations of troubleshooting, which can mitigate and control fault disaster.
Role of JPF in the Support of Disaster Victims of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: Challenges Faced
Authors: Yachida Ayako ,   Japan Platform Kojimachi GN Yasuda Bldg. 4F, 3-6-5 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
Published: November 2017

To offer aid to the victims of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, the Japan Platform, an intermediary support group, used the network it had built to carry out support activities coordinating between support groups and mediating support from companies to the affected areas. In addition, through subsidies to NGOs that carry out support activities on the scene, they facilitated support activities and support projects that focused on helping disaster victims in the reconstruction phase. However, there were several challenges in providing different types of support on the scene. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how best the efforts can be improved to cope with the problems that could not be addressed in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Disaster victims have now begun to move into temporary housing. In a future reconstruction period, community-led reconstruction by local residents is crucial. To achieve this, Japan Platform continues to develop local NPOs and other support groups and human resources and support intermediary support groups that lead local reconstruction.
Exposure to sewage from on-site sanitation and child health: a spatial analysis of linkages and externalities in peri-urban Bolivia
Authors: Bancalari Antonella , Martinez Sebastian
Published: November 2017

Exposure to fecal contamination is a leading cause of childhood infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Low-quality sanitation infrastructure and inadequate maintenance can make on-site solutions prone to spillage, exposing children to sewage. This paper uses a unique dataset with independent verification of sewage in and around the parcels of more than 20,000 houses with on-site sanitation in peri-urban Bolivia. We analyze the relationship between exposure to sewage from overflowed sanitation infrastructure and the incidence of diarrhea in children under age five. The presence of sewage is associated with a 4 percentage point increase in the probability of diarrhea incidence – a relative increase of 22%. This relationship is driven by sewage within the boundaries of the property where the child resides, which is associated with a relative increase of 30% in the probability of the incidence of diarrhea. Our spatial analysis of sewage density shows that the probability of the incidence of diarrhea increases with the concentration of sewage in the immediate vicinity of the child's residence, suggesting negative spillovers from neighbors with overflowed on-site sanitation facilities. These potential negative health externalities provide a persuasive argument in favor of public interventions that adequately remove and treat fecal sludge.
ECO PUBLIC ART PLACEMAKING FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF LAMAN SENI SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA
Authors: Zakariya Khalilah , Azhari Syamim
Published: November 2017

The implementation of public art in the outdoor spaces has been acknowledged by various designers and researchers to enliven public spaces. The contributions of public art towards social well-being have also gained a growing attention among researchers for the past three decades. Within the recent years, efforts of placemaking have begun to be initiated by local authorities, as a way of reinforcing the sense of belonging among the public towards their public spaces. While the placemaking process is commonly adopted as a method to revive cities and communities, however, there has not yet been any documentation on the use of public art as part of the process, particularly in Malaysia. This study aims to establish the Eco Public Art Placemaking Framework to guide local authorities and built environment professionals adopt public participation in the public art process. This study has examined Laman Seni Shah Alam as a case study, which is a back lane revitalization project that has been transformed through eco public art. Through semi-structured interviews with the local authority, the organizer and the artists, this study has discovered that the framework is collaborative and multidisciplinary, and that there are four main phases in the framework. This study concludes that the framework has potential to be adopted by local authorities in Malaysia, and it can enable a more holistic process between the local government, consultants, artists and the public.
The Linkage between Public, Private Investment and Economic Growth—Evidence for the Developing ASEAN and Asian Countries
Authors: Canh, PhD. Prof. Nguyen Thi , Phong, PhD. Nguyen Anh
Published: November 2017

This study used a quantitative method to assess the impact of public investment on private investment and economic growth based on data from 18 developing countries over a 21-year period (1995-2015) by applying PVAR model combined with GMM. The findings show that all public investment and public-private partnership investments affect private investment as well as affect economic growth but the effects vary cyclically, by time period, and by group of countries.

For the ASEAN developing countries, public investment crowds out private investment in short term and crowds in private investment in the medium and long term, but it crowds out public-private partnership investment. For the developing countries in Asia, public investment has a positive impact on economic growth with the inverted U-shaped pattern which stimulates growth in the short and medium term, but in the long-term effects of stimulation growth tend to decrease.
ECOTOURISM IN RUSSIA: MAIN DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST ARRIVALS
Authors: ДОРОФЕЕВ Александр , DOROFEEV Alexander , БОГДАНОВА Лидия , BOGDANOVA Lidiy , ХОХЛОВА Елена , KHOKHLOVA Elena
Published: November 2017

The concept of “ecological tourism” both in the world and in Russia has appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, although people traveled with natural-focused purposes, including around the protected areas, much earlier. The article presents several definitions of ecotourism, including the two given by the authors. The authors note that ecotourism can be developed in two ways: as a journey on any remaining natural areas or as tour, excursion exclusively within specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The second option is successfully developed in many Englishspeaking countries. The article confirms this fact using the original modern data on the dynamics of visits to the most famous national parks in the USA. Based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources it is concluded that the governance of the Russian Federation considers it necessary to develop eco-tourism in our country according to the second “North American” concept. In this case, the people attending the state protected areas – national parks and reserves with educational and recreational goals should be considered as eco-tourists. Based on this assumption the authors of the article give modern official data concerning the number of specially protected areas of different types in Russia as main destinations of ecotourism. The article presents the diagrams showing the quantitative characteristics of the infrastructure for ecotourists in specially protected areas: visitor centers, museums, ecological paths and routes. The dynamics of tourist arrivals in the reserves and national parks of Russia for the period 2001-2016 years is analyzed. In the final part of the article the main problems of eco-tourists recording are identified.
El impacto del TLCAN en las finanzas y la economía de México: una mirada desde las MIPYMES / The Impact of NAFTA in Mexico’s Economy and Finances: a view from the MIPYMES
Authors: Morales Vázquez Blanca H. , Ramírez Domínguez María de Jesús , Reséndiz Ortega Martha Elva , Franco Hernández Johana Leticia , Dixon Acosta Edsson Al
Published: November 2017

El TLCAN, desde su entrada en vigor en 1994, ha sido muy importante no solo para México sino para los otros dos países miembros: Estados Unidos y Canadá, por el gran volumen de negociaciones, por haber ampliado el comercio y la inversión, por haber logrado un crecimiento económico que ha permitido crear puestos de trabajo, mejoras en las condiciones de vida y, de manera natural, la competitividad mundial de estos tres países con importantes economías.Sin embargo, actualmente, los planes que Donald Trump tiene respecto al TLCAN pueden marcar un antes y un después en la economía mexicana. Las empresas en las que México fue líder podrían verse afectadas por las nuevas políticas proteccionistas del magnate. Sin embargo, todavía no está claro hasta qué punto puede llegar el afán proteccionista de Trump y cómo puede afectar a la economía mexicana. Sin embargo, cabe señalar que el TLCAN no es responsable de la reducción neta del empleo en la industria manufacturera de Estados Unidos y Canadá, ni ha llevado al vaciamiento laboral, o socavado las normas ambientales ni los derechos de propiedad intelectual, por lo que es vital que se renegocie este convenio comercial en los mejores términos, pese a las presiones que Estados Unidos hace.
Conservation education in zoos: A literature review
Authors: Nygren Nina Viktoria , Ojalammi Sanna
Published: November 2017

Zoos nowadays often claim that their main objective is nature conservation and that they strive to educate the visitors on this subject. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken on conservation education in zoos. This overview performs a qualitative meta-analysis of the methodology, concepts and results of research articles on zoo visitors, particularly regarding learning, education and conservation. Our main finding is that most of the research uses quantitative methodologies and the qualitative, lived experiences of zoo visits remain under-researched. Based on the articles analyzed, “nature conservation” (the substance of conservation education in zoos) becomes implicitly defined as captive breeding and far-off conservation projects, distancing the visitors and their daily lives from nature and issues of conservation.
El desarrollo de las iniciativas comunitarias Urban y Urban II en las periferias degradadas de las ciudades españolas. Una contribución a la práctica de la regeneración urbana en España
Authors: De Gregorio Hurtado Sonia
Published: November 2017

Desde que en 1990 la CEE publicara el «Libro Verde sobre el Medio Ambiente Urbano», la Unión Europea ha desarrollado un papel activo en la lucha contra los procesos de declive que afectan a las ciudades de los Estados miembros, un papel basado en contribuciones en forma de recomendaciones y comunicaciones, y de una labor de acción directa sobre las zonas urbanas financiada a través del Fondo de Cohesión, el FEDER y el FSE. Esta labor desembocó en 1994 en la creación de un instrumento específico para combatir la degradación urbana: la Iniciativa Comunitaria URBAN. En España, tanto la dimensión urbana de la política de la UE como, en particular, URBAN y URBAN II, han supuesto una aportación relevante en el ámbito de la regeneración de los barrios degradados. El presente artículo profundiza en la contribución que las dos fases de esta Iniciativa Comunitaria han hecho a la práctica de la regeneración de las áreas periféricas en el país, focalizando en las aportaciones generales que se han detectado a través del análisis de los proyectos URBAN desarrollados en las áreas periféricas de las ciudades españolas.
El paisaje como medio para la planificación territorial
Authors: García García Miriam , Borobio Sanchiz Manuel
Published: November 2017

El paisaje ha reaparecido con fuerza en la cultura contemporánea, a ambos lados del Atlántico. Esta recuperación del término paisaje viene de la mano de una creciente preocupación ambiental y ecológica, de la presión que el turismo ejerce sobre determinados espacios, del trabajo de las regiones por mantener su identidad y del profundo impacto que el crecimiento disperso y difuso está ocasionando en las áreas rurales. Esta nueva fuerza del paisaje tiene que ver con el alcance y las oportunidades que ofrece frente al urbanismo actual, la capacidad de analizar y teorizar territorios, ecosistemas, redes e infraestructuras, así como de planificar vastas extensiones vacías o urbanizadas. En los últimos años, especialmente desde la aprobación del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje (Florencia 2000), se está incorporado como herramienta de análisis y proyecto en la planificación estratégica a todas las escalas. Otorgando una mirada nueva sobre el territorio, desde la comprensión de lo existente, del legado patrimonial (natural y cultural) que hemos heredado y bajo la idea de que gestionamos un recurso frágil y dinámico.Este texto pretende desvelar las claves del paisaje como medio para la planificación territorial en su doble acepción, como lugar y como herramienta. Las experiencias mostradas en este artículo son tan sólo un ejemplo del camino que queda por recorrer.
Prototipe Sistem Seleksi Penerimaan Pegawai Tugas Belajar
Authors: Yanuarti Elly
Published: November 2017

Peningkatan kemampuan dan profesionalisme PNS di lingkungan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dilakukan melalui pendidikan berkelanjutan dalam bentuk pemberian tugas belajar. Kegiatan penyeleksian pegawai tugas belajar pada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah masih dilakukan secara manual, dimana teknologi informasi belum dimanfaatan secara optimal. Untuk mendukung kelancaran kegiatan tersebut maka diperlukan sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat melakukan pengolahan data seleksi penerimaan pegawai tugas  belajar secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis dan merancang sistem adalah dengan metode analisis dan perancangan berorientasi objek menggunakan UML. Dengan adanya sistem informasi seleksi penerimaan pegawai tugas belajar maka pengolahan data serta penyajian informasi tentang seleksi penerimaan pegawai tugas belajar menjadi lebih cepat
A utilização de jogos como metodologia de ensino da matemática: uma experiência com alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Barbosa Cirléia Pereira , Lima Augusto Elias , Neto Roberto Costa , Santos Suyara
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma experiência - envolvendo o jogo como metodologia de ensino de Matemática - realizada na Educação Básica. A partir da literatura estudada, acredita-se que jogo é um instrumento que centraliza o aluno no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, em que os conhecimentos podem ser obtidos ou fixados na elaboração de soluções para situações problematizadoras presentes no jogo. Com a intenção de exemplificar sua abordagem em sala de aula, foi aplicado o Jogo da Velha em uma turma do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de Formiga (MG). O Jogo da Velha tem por finalidade trabalhar o cálculo mental, o raciocínio lógico e a percepção visual dos discentes. Os resultados mostraram que o jogo contribuiu para a fixação do cálculo mental nos estudantes, para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de abstração e raciocínio lógico, para a socialização e cooperação dos alunos no decorrer da atividade, para o diagnóstico de possíveis concepções errôneas e para o aprendizado docente dos pesquisadores.Palavras-chave: Matemática. Jogo de estratégia. Cálculo mental.ABSTRACTThe use of games as a mathematics teaching strategy: an experience with students on the 6th grade of elementary schoolThe following work has the objective to present the results of an experience - regarding the use of games as a teaching method of Mathematics - applied to Basic Education. From the studied literature, it’s believed that games are an instrument that centralizes the students in the teaching and learning process, in which knowledge can be obtained or fixed in the elaboration of solutions to problem situations presented in a game. In order to illustrate its use in the classroom, the hash game was applied to a class of the 6th year of elementary school, in a public school in the city of Formiga, MG, Brazil. The hash gamehas the goal to work mental calculation, logical thinking and visual perception of students. The results show that the game contributed for the settling of mental calculation on students, for the developing of abstraction and logical thinking capabilities, for the socialization and cooperation between students during the activity, for the diagnosis of possible erroneous conceptions and for the teaching learning for the researchers.Keywords: Mathematics. Strategy game. Mental calculations.
Protesta, mercado e identidad en las celebraciones del Orgullo LGTB en España
Authors: Enguix Begonya
Published: November 2017

El primer sábado de julio Madrid acoge la Manifestación Estatal del Orgullo LGTB (Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y personas Transgénero) en la que participan grupos activistas LGTB, partidos políticos y sindicatos, ONG y grupos empresariales. Asiste aproximadamente un millón de personas y genera unos beneficios que rondan los 110 millones de euros. Las carrozas esponsorizadas por empresas y la gran afluencia de turistas que recibe Madrid espolean los debates sobre la mercantilización de este evento y sobre la relación entre neoliberalismo, identidad y protesta. Dichos debates se inscriben en las tensiones entre el activismo identitario crítico y el asimilacionista. En este artículo, que se basa en un trabajo de campo etnográfico continuado que combina observación participante, etnografía digital y entrevistas en profundidad, proponemos que la tensión entre protesta, activismo, mercado y espectáculo puede ser productiva –como el movimiento LGTB ha demostrado en España– y puede generar concepciones identitarias inclusivas, híbridas y reivindicativas.
Encuadres del cambio climático en Chile: Análisis de discurso en prensa digital
Authors: Hasbún-Mancilla Julio Octavio , Aldunce-Ide Paulina Paz , Blanco-Wells Gustavo , Browne-Sartori Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta un análisis de discurso a cuatro medios de prensa digital en Chile respecto a la mitigación y la adaptación al cambio climático. La investigación, sin precedentes para el caso chileno, se orienta a conocer los encuadres noticiosos con que es comunicado el cambio climático, ya que los medios son la principal fuente de información del cambio climático para los tomadores de decisión y la ciudadanía. Los resultados muestran que los definidores primarios del tema son los actores gubernamentales de nivel nacional, y la invisibilización de las personas y organizaciones ciudadanas en el proceso. Vemos así un alto grado de consenso entre los actores visibilizados respecto al encuadre  de oportunidad económica, y la ausencia de encuadres de ecología crítica. Las conclusiones apuntan a que este desbalance podría influir en un diseño de políticas públicas con un sesgo tecnocrático, perdiendo la posibilidad de construir una visión integral del desarrollo del país.
Women in the Box: Female Projectionists in Post-war British Cinemas
Authors: Wallace Richard , Harrison Rebecca , Brunsdon Charlotte
Published: November 2017

Cinema projection is usually understood to be a male-dominated occupation, with the projection box characterised as a gendered space separate from the more typically feminine front-of-house roles. Although this is a fairly accurate representation, it risks eliminating all traces of women's labour in the projection box. Previous work by David R. Williams (1997) and Rebecca Harrison (2016) has addressed the role of women projectionists during wartime, and this article begins to excavate a hidden history of women projectionists in a peacetime context. The article uses oral testimony from two women – Florence Barton and Joan Pearson – who worked as projectionists in the mid-twentieth century. Their accounts are presented in the article as two portraits, which aim to convey a sense of the women's everyday lives in the projection box, as well as think about implications that their stories have for our understanding of women's roles in projection more broadly. Of particular significance to both Barton and Pearson are the relationships that they had with their male colleagues, the possibilities afforded for career progression (and the different paths taken by the women) and the nature of projection work. The women's repeated assertions that they were expected to do the same jobs as their male counterparts form a key aspect of the interviews, which suggest there is scope for further investigation of women's labour specifically in projection boxes and in cinemas more generally.
‘Certificated Operators’ versus ‘Handle-Turners’: The British Film Industry's First Trade Union
Authors: Burrows Jon
Published: November 2017

This article examines the history of the British film industry's first trade union: the National Association of Cinematograph Operators (NACO), an organisation for projectionists established in 1907. The deterioration in pay and working conditions experienced by projectionists following the advent of permanent cinemas is outlined, but, contrary to prevailing wisdom, it is pointed out that NACO was not actually formed in response to these developments. NACO pre-dated the growth of fixed-site film exhibition venues and the reasons behind its inception are explained in relation to the politics of the music hall industry. It is shown that the union's executive steadfastly promoted a conception of projection work that was rapidly becoming anachronistic in several respects, and concentrated their campaigning efforts upon trying to police entry into the profession, primarily via a proposed parliamentary bill to make an annual examination of projectionists' fitness to ‘strike the arc’ compulsory. It is argued that this was an inadequate and blinkered response to the increasing exploitation of projectionists as sweated labour, and also that NACO's repeated denunciation of inexperienced projectionists as ‘handle-turners’ may have emboldened employers in their determination to drive wages down. Consequently, although NACO belatedly decided to relax its membership requirements, new subscriptions were in decline by 1912 and the union remained inactive throughout the First World War until it was wound up and replaced in 1919.
Disabled Operators: Training Disabled Ex-servicemen as Projectionists during the Great War
Authors: Napper Lawrence
Published: November 2017

This article offers an account of the various schemes for the training of disabled ex-servicemen as projectionists during the First World War. It places those schemes within the context of wider activities of the film industry in support of the war through the rubric of ‘practical patriotism’ arguing that, like those other schemes, the training was designed to enhance the public image of the industry as much as it was designed to help disabled veterans themselves. Using evidence from local and national newspapers as well as trade papers and records on film itself, the article describes the design of the schemes and their spread throughout the country. Cinema was also adopted as a central tool in the Ministry of Pension's strategy for publicising a variety of veterans' rehabilitation schemes and the disabled operators' schemes offer a particularly self-reflexive example of how this policy developed. The question of what kinds of disabled veterans benefited from the scheme is addressed, and the popular understanding they were directed primarily at veterans with facial disfigurements is refuted. The growing dissatisfaction with the schemes expressed by veteran's organisations through 1917–18 is noted. The sudden abandonment of the scheme at the end of the war in the face of political questions surrounding the re-employment of returning veterans in their pre-war roles is discussed. Parallels with the fate of female projectionists (projectionettes), and the implications for the post-war unionisation of projectionists are also considered.
Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment
Authors: Belić Domagoj , Shawrav Mostafa M , Bertagnolli Emmerich , Wanzenboeck Heinz D
Published: November 2017

This work presents a highly effective approach for the chemical purification of directly written 2D and 3D gold nanostructures suitable for plasmonics, biomolecule immobilisation, and nanoelectronics. Gold nano- and microstructures can be fabricated by one-step direct-write lithography process using focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). Typically, as-deposited gold nanostructures suffer from a low Au content and unacceptably high carbon contamination. We show that the undesirable carbon contamination can be diminished using a two-step process – a combination of optimized deposition followed by appropriate postdeposition cleaning. Starting from the common metal-organic precursor Me2-Au-tfac, it is demonstrated that the Au content in pristine FEBID nanostructures can be increased from 30 atom % to as much as 72 atom %, depending on the sustained electron beam dose. As a second step, oxygen-plasma treatment is established to further enhance the Au content in the structures, while preserving their morphology to a high degree. This two-step process represents a simple, feasible and high-throughput method for direct writing of purer gold nanostructures that can enable their future use for demanding applications.
Three-minute Sunspot Oscillations Driven by Magnetic Reconnection in a Light Bridge
Authors: Song Donguk , Chae Jongchul , Kwak Hannah , Kano Ryouhei , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Moon Yong-Jae , Lim Eun-Kyung , Lee Jeongwoo
Published: November 2017

We report a different type of three-minute chromospheric oscillation above a sunspot in association with a small-scale impulsive event in a light bridge (LB). During our observations, we found a transient brightening in the LB. The brightening was composed of elementary bursts that may be a manifestation of fast repetitive magnetic reconnections in the LB. Interestingly, the oscillations in the nearby sunspot umbra were impulsively excited when the intensity of the brightening reached its peak. The initial period of the oscillations was about 2.3 minutes and then gradually increased to 3.0 minutes with time. In addition, we found that the amplitude of the excited oscillations was twice the amplitude of oscillations before the brightening. Based on our results, we propose that magnetic reconnection occurring in an LB can excite oscillations in the nearby sunspot umbra.
Nuevas formas de comercio y consumo en Madrid: las grandes superficies
Authors: Ruiz Palomeque Eulalia , Pozo Rivera Enrique , De Lázaro y Torres Maria Luisa
Published: November 2017

Dentro del proceso de transformación que se está produciendo en el comercio minorista el elemento más significativo es la aparición de nuevas formas comerciales que están modificando el mapa de la distribución en el espacio metropolitano madrileño. En este artículo se analiza el proceso de crecimiento y las pautas de localización de las grandes superficies en sus diversos tipos (centros comerciales, hipermercados, grandes superficies especializadas...), tras hacer un repaso al tratamiento dado por el Planeamiento al equipamiento comercial desde los años sesenta en el ámbito madrileño.