bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes to Language Learning
Authors: Swift Jonathan S. , Jonathan A. , Smith W.
Published: May 2006

Language training has assumed a higher profile over the last five
years, yet many employers still appear to lack understanding of the
needs, motivations, and attitudes of staff who undertake a course in a
modern language. This study was carried out over a six‐month period
(1991‐1992), specifically to obtain data on participant attitudes, and
the various positive and negative influences on their linguistic
performance. Of greatest interest to industrial trainers is the way in
which the findings detail those influences which motivate or demotivate
those already working, to learn a foreign language – information
which could be invaluable when designing language programmes for
specific individuals or job‐functional areas within an organization.
Durable Differentiation Strategies for Services
Authors: Fisher Robert J.
Published: May 2006

States that understanding of the durability of differentiation and
positioning as strategies is generally limited, although these areas are
of great interest to service marketers. Argues that service marketers
must be aware of the need to create and implement durable strategies.
Proposes a framework for identifying strategies resistant to competitive
imitation, based on the isolating mechanisms idea. Gives examples of
differentiation strategies useful for exploiting isolating mechanisms.
Concludes that managers analysing the role of both competitive and
customer‐based isolating mechanisms will be morelikely to adopt a
long‐term, proactive view of service differentiation.
Public Relations Function Development: Politics, Problems
and Prospects of Institutionalization in the Nigerian University
Authors: Ayeni Victor , Adedeji Olufunmilayo
Published: May 2006

Discusses the purpose and relevance of public relations (PR) for
the university institution, inparticular outlining the underdevelopment
of the PR function in most Nigerian universities. Reviews the PR
function in one of Nigeria′s leading universities. Traces its evolution
in order to expose the many considerations which influence its
institutionalization. Shows that the development of a university PR
function is inextricably linked to the historical, socio‐political and
economic forces which shape the institution. Moreover certain inherent
attributes of the university system may stand against the development of
PR as a definite specialized function. Concludes with a number of policy
recommendations to promote the institutionalization of PR in Nigerian
universities in particular, and their African counterparts in general.
Further Education: Predictions about the Future
Authors: Piper Lawrence P.S.
Published: May 2006

Examines issues facing further education in the UK in a climate of
dwindling resources, in which greater efficiency and effectiveness will
have to be achieved as colleges move out of local authority control.
Proposes significant changes to institutional structures and management
and suggests local, regional and national strategies through which the
proposed new funding councils, the colleges and other providers of
vocational education/training might work effectively in partnership. The
merger of small colleges into large, multi‐sited institutions is seen as
fundamental to the achievement of maximum efficiency; and strongly
advocates the development of inter‐institutional “networks”
to maximize opportunity for students/trainees. Makes a strong case to
Government to further rationalize the present highly disparate system of
vocational education/training under the control of a single Government
department. Based on the arguments set forth, makes a number of
predictions about the future shape and role of the system.
A Spinal Cord for College Management?
Authors: Blackmore Roger B.
Published: May 2006

Examines some of the problems experienced by FE managements as
college principals and governors assume greater powers. How are newly
appointed management personnel best able to exercise their functions
when many are faced with new surroundings and new responsibilities
simultaneously? Internal reorganization of college structures is a
commonly used approach but what problems can this in itself raise? Is
there a danger that the line of decision making becomes confused?
Examines the need for greater clarity in the lines of responsibility and
accountability and looks at various potential pitfalls which may not be
at first apparent.
The Holding Company Approach to Public Enterprise Management in Nigeria
Authors: Fadahunsi Olu
Published: May 2006

The history of the public enterprise
sector in Nigeria is described in some
detail, with an emphasis on the steps
that have been taken to improve the
running of the enterprises since civilian
government of the country. In the face
of extremely difficult circumstances,
including massive devaluation, the
country has fought its way back from a
position of enormous problems to one
of relative economic growth.
Executive learning as a strategic weapon
Authors: Fulmer Robert
Published: May 2006

Discusses the purpose of executive development. Argues that
maintenance learning which often misses changes, and crisis‐driven shock
learning can aggravate the problems they are attempting to solve.
Considers the importance of anticipatory learning including
participatory and future‐orientated programmes. Concludes that human
resource professionals should be the excellence they would wish to see
in executive management education.
Learning to learn in a work situation
Authors: MacArthur Jane
Published: May 2006

Introduces Kolb′s learning cycle and the construction of a learning
contract within the work setting. Describes learning logs and learning
from other people. Concludes that learning should not be left to chance.
Managing the Dream: Leadership in the 21st Century
Authors: Bennis Warren G.
Published: May 2006

Given the nature of change and the transnational challenges facing
American business leadership, the key to making the right choices will
come from understanding and embodying the leadership qualities necessary
to succeed in the volatile and mercurial global economy. To survive in
the 21st century, we are going to need a new generation of leaders
– leaders, not managers, and the distinction is an important one.
An Evaluation of Eight Personnel Training Methods for Small
Business Owners
Authors: Verser Trudy G.
Published: May 2006

Data are presented which indicate a need for improvement in the
personnel skills of small business owners. A set of criteria is then
provided for possible approaches to training small business owners in
personnel skills. These criteria were developed from interview material
acquired in a field study of small business owners. They include:
research substantiation of overall effectiveness; face validity; degree
of efficiency of time use; ease of access; relative cost; degree to
which the method involves criticism of trainees; and effectiveness in
skill development. The training approaches evaluated or these criteria
are the lecture method, programmed instruction; business
games/simulation; the case method, the role play method, sensitivity
training; the conference method; and behaviour role modelling. Results
suggest that most small business owners would derive the greatest
benefits from behaviour role modelling, business games, and/or role play
method and would benefit least from the lecture method and sensitivity
training.
Strategic Change: The Search for New Equilibria
Authors: Javidan Mansour , Murray Alan , Reschenthaler Gilbert
Published: May 2006

A case study of an organisation in
transition is examined. It describes a
Canadian regional airline which is facing
major environmental changes and
challenges, and attempts to make the
required organisational adjustments.
The dynamics of strategic change at
that company are then related to the
available literature. Of particular
interest are the stakeholder model and
the literature on organisational
learning.
Strategic Challenges and Service Sector Response: An
Industry‐specific Approach
Authors: Sonnenfeld Jeffrey A. , Spence Padraic L.
Published: May 2006

This article examines the attitudes of chief executives across five
service industries (transportation and travel; retail; financial
services; communications and information; and professional services) to
explore industry differences with regard to strategic challenges, as
well as links between strategic challenges facing firms and specific
sets of staffing policies.
The Corporation and Public Policy in the 1990s
Authors: Post James E.
Published: May 2006

Throughout the industrialised and developing world, corporate
policy making and public policy making are converging. Governments are
making deliberate and conscious choices about their economies and the
forms of industrial organisation that will best accomplish broad social
and economic objectives. Senior managers of enterprises face the
influence of government policy in creating, shaping, and guiding the
development of markets. The issues raised by this reality range well
beyond the old regulation/deregulation debates of the 1970s and 1980s.
In the 1990s, government and business are more entwined – and more
inextricably linked as partners – because of recent global
political and economic changes. This article assesses the prospects for
the corporation and public policy in the decade ahead.
What does the future hold?
Authors: Davies Paul
Published: May 2006

Proposes that having a TQM process under way is not, in itself, sufficient. Explores three stages: survival, prevention and continuous improvement, that most companies experience when adopting TQM. Suggests that TQM exponents cannot plan successfully beyond their immediate horizons and that the real lessons are to keep learning, do not give up and understand the scale of the task.
Forward planning
Authors: Ould Martyn
Published: May 2006

Examines how a TQM system can improve the software engineering process, evolving from traditional quality management systems to TQM with process measurement and improvement. Offers a framework around which a software process can be seen to mature, details the requirements of ISO 9001 and suggests that the traditional quality guidelines can be redefined to take account of TQM and its focus on process measurement and process improvement.
Non‐stop commitment
Authors: Pring Peter
Published: May 2006

Highlights the experience of 3M in Europe, which decided it needed fresh impetus to maintain its competitive edge. Details 3M′s so‐called Q90s umbrella programme for business improvement activities that aims to encourage an uncompromising commitment to customer satisfaction among 3M employees. Takes the reader through the preparatory stages of a management initiative called “growing together”, to provoking a reaction from managers, fuelled by awareness of tight economic constraints in the market. Outlines the strategy of forming teams to assess company performance, removing jargon where possible, being flexible and motivating the entire workforce through having goals, such as satisfying the customer.
Humane technology
Authors: Delsanter Judith
Published: May 2006

An examination of US telecommunications system and service provider AT&T′s moves to face the challenges brought about by deregulation in 1984 and the advent of competition from other US operators. Explains how the old ways of working brought problems, leading to crisis management in the wake of the changes and the adoption of quality processes. Examines the results of a 1986 study by AT&T quality managers on the uniquely American Quality Archetype and the need for a nurturing environment where failure is understood as part of achieving a goal, culminating in a model based on the archetype. Explores AT&T′s quality library series of books and courses to educate employees throughout the organisation. Concludes with an assessment of what still needs to be done within AT&T to become a world class organisation by 1994 and defining those remaining challenges.
Integrated Supply Chain Information Systems: The Next Phase
after EDI?
Authors: Curran Cliona
Published: May 2006

A company′s need and ability to respond to market changes has
become crucial, with failure to do so often resulting in disastrous
consequences. In this context, the next phase of supply chain management
after electronic data interchange (EDI) is examined, advocating the
merits of an integrated supply chain information system (ISCIS). ISCIS,
in connection with EDI, information channels, and online processing will
help transform an inward‐looking, slow‐to‐react company into one that
can adapt to changing and flexible market conditions.
Window or Mirror? A Content Analysis of the first 25 Years of the Journal of Educational Administration
Authors: Swafford Glenn L.
Published: May 2006

The analysis of periodicals can provide important insights into the changing nature and dynamics of academic disciplines and fields of study. TheJournal of Educational Administration(JEA) has for the past 25 years grown up alongside the field which it seeks both to represent and develop, and it is thus of considerable interest to look at the contents of theJEAin light of this role. A study was made of all the articles published in theJEAduring the period 1963‐87 with a view to establishing authorship patterns; the types of papers which have been published; the common themes and the range of topics addressed; the nature of empirical research; and changes in both substantive and methodological orientations over the past 25 years. The analysis and discussion looked at theJEAas offering a window into the “world” of educational administration, but noted that a journal can only ever mirror that which is held up to it and ultimately to its readership.
Devolving Educational Administration in Victoria: Tensions in the Role and Selection of Principals
Authors: Watkins Peter
Published: May 2006

This article discusses the devolution of educational administration in Victoria from the perspective of the role and selection of principals in such a devolved system. Drawing on such writers as Dewey and Giddens the article presents the case why, in a political democracy, we should also have democratically administered organisations. But the tensions and problematic aspects in democratic forms of educational administration are also outlined. These forces impinging on the role and selection of principals are then exemplified through a case study.
What Goes Up Must Come Down!
Authors: Morton‐Robertson James
Published: May 2006

Defines a system as ultra‐stable, stable or catastrophic. Likens
the property market to a chaotic system. Claims that there are no
commonly available computer packages to predict the future
realistically. Suggests the use of a dynamic simulation and modelling
tool (specifically DYSMAP2, University of Salford). Gives application
examples. Concludes that events affecting the property market often take
managers by surprise because of a failure to understand the nature of
systems.
Commercial Property in Belgium
Authors: Goris Wilfred , van Muylder Arlette
Published: May 2006

Gives a brief overview of the Belgian legal system relating to
commercial property finance. Makes reference to mortgages, shares and
real estate certificates.
Public and Private Initiatives in the “Small” Industrial
Sector: Northern Ireland
Authors: Berry J.N. , McCluskey W.J. , McGreal W.S. , Beamish T.
Published: May 2006

Looks at mechanisms to encourage the growth of the small industrial
sector in Northern Ireland. Evaluates the respective ideas of enterprise
agencies and the private developers′ scheme, together with opinions of
users (tenants) and developers. Concludes that slow rental growth means
that grant assistance is necessary to ensure a moderate level of return
to the developer.
COURSES IN RETAIL MANAGEMENT UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN THE
UK
Authors: Fernie John
Published: May 2006

Throughout the 1980s, UK retailers have sought competent managers
of graduate calibre for their management training programmes. Most of
these graduates were non‐specialists recruited from a variety of higher
education establishments. In recent years, however, a number of
institutions have provided specialist retail courses to meet the needs
of industry. Currently five degree programmes are in operation with two
others due for approval in 1990/1991. The main features of each of these
undergraduate courses are reviewed.
Ethical Issues of Environmentally Friendly Packaging
Authors: Gray Victor , Guthrie John
Published: May 2006

There is little doubt that consumers and manufacturers
are becoming more environmentally conscious about
packaging. An overview is provided of recent trends
in packaging from the points of view of the consumer,
the legislators, and the manufacturers. The
opportunities open to the marketer are highlighted as
this new consumer group emerges and discusses the
need for the companies involved to address the whole
issue of their own ethical standards within the company.
Purchase Specifications and Profit Performance
Authors: Ramsay John
Published: May 2006

The nature of specifications received by purchasing functions has a
heavy influence on an organisation′s ability to minimise bought‐out
costs and thus maximise profits. The nature of purchase specifications
and the effect of other functions upon their creation are discussed;
“open” and “closed” specifications and the
relationship between purchase specifications and profit performance are
demonstrated, defining the precise type of purchase specification needed
to enable the purchasing function to achieve its primary goal of
cost‐minimisation.
Alternative Methods of Evaluating Capital Investments in Logistics
Authors: Pegels C. Carl
Published: May 2006

Evaluating capital investments for additions or modifications to
warehouses, for replacement of equipment or for entirely new facilities
is a complex activity which involves numerous financial, competitive and
other considerations. The financial aspect of capital investments is
addressed and it is shown how ten different investment criteria can be
brought to bear on the capital investment issue. The ten investment
criteria consist of five primary criteria and five secondary criteria.
The primary criteria are payback period in years, non‐discounted rate of
return on investment, internal rate of return, Baldwin rate of return,
and benefit cost ratio. All ten criteria are described and suggestions
are made when each criterion is appropriate.
Combining a Career with Childcare – Is New Technology
Homeworking the Way Forward?
Authors: Brocklehurst Mike
Published: May 2006

A frequent theme of writing about the “Post‐industrial
Future” is the forecast of a rapid growth in working from home
with the aid of computers. Such a growth in “new technology
homeworking” is seen as a fortuitous development for women
workers, especially for professional women who wish to continue their
careers and start a family. It is also viewed as an answer for firms
likely to face growing labour shortages during the 1990s. This article
examines the evidence for a growth in new technology homeworking and
what it involves for firms and women employees. Both the context of
firms who adopt a cost‐cutting strategy and of firms who prefer a
human‐resource strategy will be considered. The article concludes that
the growth has been much exaggerated; that the effects on women workers
can at best be described as mixed and that most women who wish to
combine caring with work would be advised to consider other options.
Ironically, new technology homeworking may offer better opportunities to
men rather than women.
AUSTRALIAN WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Vilkinas Tricia
Published: May 2006

There are now more women in management in Australia than a decade
ago. A number of factors have contributed to their increasing numbers,
including changes in legislation supporting women working, more child
care places, changes in the structure of work, and attitudes to women
bosses. While their representation in management has increased, their
numbers in senior positions is still very low. It will take time to
change people′s perceptions of women in management, to overcome
discrimination, and to develop structures at work and in the community
that will aid women′s move into management. There will need to be more
training and development opportunities. Time is also on their side.
Skills and Roles of Consultants: Training Implications
Authors: Chickillo Gerald P. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

The practice of consultancy primarily in the US is discussed and is
broken down into five separate sections. The first section takes a look
at the history of consulting and what trends it is taking into the
1990s. The second section takes a brief look at who does do consulting
and what types of firms operate in consulting. The third and fourth
sections are the heart of the article. The third section examines the
different roles of consultants as looked at through two models. The
fourth section examines the consulting analysis process and the diverse
skills required to succeed in the field of consulting. Finally, the last
section explains some of the most critical issues affecting the nature
of training and developing individuals to be effective consultants.
The Learner’s Manager: The Bridge from Classroom to
Workplace
Authors: Noel James L. , Dennehy Robert F.
Published: May 2006

Learners in management education courses feel frustrated about
implementing the new learning from their courses and often express the
thought that their boss should have been there. The management style and
climate set by the learner′s supervisor can be a powerful deterrent. To
address this issue, it is recommended that the Human Resource
Development professional should develop a partnership with the learner′s
supervisor. A seven‐step process is outlined which leads to a strong
partnership with the learner′s supervisor and increases the transfer of
learning from the classroom to the workplace.
Continuing Professional Development Needs of Accounting
Technicians in the UK
Authors: Chaston Ian , Mangles Terry
Published: May 2006

Opportunity exists to enhance organisational productivity in the UK
financial services sector by upgrading the task role of accounting
technicians. This can be achieved only if appropriate Continuing
Professional Development (CPD) provision is in place. The Association of
Accounting Technicians (AAT) supported a Plymouth Business School
national survey to determine CPD priority areas and preferred modes of
training delivery. The study revealed that technician CPD provision on a
national scale is inadequate and proposals are made on how this
situation might be remedied in the future.
Organisational Environment and Logistics Strategy: An Empirical Study
Authors: Kohn Jonathan W. , McGinnis Michael A. , Kesava Praveen K.
Published: May 2006

The responses of 222 logistics managers in
manufacturing firms were analysed to identify
logistics strategies and evaluate relationships
between organisational environment and logistics
strategy. The findings were integrated with
previous research to develop a contingency model
of logistics strategy.
JIT: Issues and Items for the Research Agenda
Authors: Oliver Nick
Published: May 2006

This article reviews some of the key debates in
the area of just‐in‐time operation and
implementation, and identifies 13 research issues.
These issues include: information systems for
JIT; organisational structures; performance
measurement; the management of the supply‐manufacturer‐customer
chain; location policy;
purchasing and distribution strategy and the social
implications of JIT.
Transfer of Logistics Knowledge to Third World Countries
Authors: Dadzie Kofi Q.
Published: May 2006

The adequacy of logistics within the context of
the Third World business environment is
evaluated. Problems facing practitioners and
educators are identified and suggestions to
enhance logistics practice and education in Third
World countries are offered.
The Impact of Integrated Logistic Support on the Total Cost‐effectiveness of a System
Authors: Blanchard Benjamin S.
Published: May 2006

A major objective in the development of new systems is to fulfil
customer requirements in a cost‐effective manner. Cost‐effectiveness
relates to the measure of a system in terms of mission fulfilment (the
degree to which it performs its intended function) and total life‐cycle
cost. Experience has indicated that these factors are significantly
influenced by logistics. Implementation of the concept of Integrated
Logistic Support (ILS) is essential in order to ensure a cost‐effective
product output. The relationships between ILS and cost‐effectiveness are
discussed.
Pragmatism in Neoclassical Thought
Authors: Ancil Ralph E.
Published: May 2006

A prima facie case is made that neo‐classical thinking is meaningfully influenced by the philosophy of pragmatism. Three major aspects of this philosophy are considered based on the writings of leading pragmatists and instrumentalists such as James and Dewey. These aspects include the cosmology, the axiology and the methodology of pragmatism. The ways in which these three aspects manifest themselves in neoclassical thought are then examined and identified. Among other things it is concluded that a certain unresolved tension exists within the pragmatist′s view which is also carried over into economic thinking. This tension at least partly accounts for the existence of neo‐institutionalists who likewise claim a pragmatist influence in their work but who are critical of neoclassical thought. The article concludes by pointing out some problems in this philosophy.
Understanding Antonio Gramsci's Ambiguous Legacy
Authors: Phillips Antoinette S. , Bedeian Arthur G.
Published: May 2006

Noting the failure of social economists to appreciate the
“context” of Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci′s writings,
attention is brought to the historical context of Gramsci′s writings by
detailing his early life and work. Gramsci′s thoughts on worker
ascendancy, labour unions, and political organisation are also received.
Gramsci′s plans for the realisation of his ideas are presented as
exemplary of worker movements in post‐First World War Italy. The fate of
Gramsci′s factory council movement is also discussed.
Economic Evolution and Selection: Old Controversies and New Approaches
Authors: Gowdy John M.
Published: May 2006

Many of the early debates about economic methodology, marginalism
versus discontinuous change, stasis versus turbulence, co‐operation
versus competition, were at base questions of general scientific
methodology. During the past 20 years or so there has been a virtual
revolution in the field of evolutionary biology. This revolution has had
a profound impact on the philosophy of science; an impact which is
beginning to be felt in the field of economics. The purpose of this
article is to analyse some past controversies in economic methodology in
the light of recent developments in evolutionary biology.
East‐West Joint Ventures in the USSR and China: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vcherashnaya Rosser Marina
Published: May 2006

The article discusses the commonalities and differences between the Soviet Union and China in the evolution of the philosophy and practical policyvis‐a‐visjoint ventures with the West. The comparative study is set against the background of the ongoing reform in both countries which seeks to integrate Soviet and Chinese economies into the world economic community. It is emphasised that the terms, impact on the overall economic situation, and prospects of joint ventures with the West in the USSR and China, are determined by the scale, scope and consistency of the implemented reforms which, in their turn, are dependent to a certain extent on the results of business co‐operation with Western firms.
An “Economic Miracle” in the Soviet Union is Still Possible!
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: May 2006

The failings of the new experiment launched in the Soviet Union
between 1985‐1990 under the formula of glasnost and perestroika, are outlined and explained. As an alternative, one
which if successful may lead to an “economic miracle” even
greater than that of the recovery of Germany and Japan after the Second
World War, a programme for recovery and stabilisation of the Soviet
economy and finances is formulated. There is a need for critical
evaluation of both capitalism and socialism to correct their weaknesses
by introducing a new social economic order – “liberal
socialism”, if you use the terminology in the East; “social
liberalism” in the West. This can be achieved only if certain
conditions are met (conditions of equilibrium: monetary, banking,
organised markets, and competition). Wide‐ranging reforms are advocated,
including the passing of a Law of Social and Economic Justice in the
privatisation of industry, artisanship and commerce; reforms of
organised securities, commodities and foreign exchange markets; the
establishment of the Federal Central Bank of the Soviet Union; agrarian
reforms; and new legislation in communications, public administration
and international balance of payments. The ultimate goal of the plan is
the realisation of a social economy of free, just and stable markets.
Researching Human Resource Management: Methodology of the Price Waterhouse Cranfield Project on European Trends
Authors: Brewster Chris , Hegewisch Ariane , Lockhart J.T.
Published: May 2006

Outlines methodology for the Price Waterhouse Cranfield Project
– an important new source of data on human resource management
(HRM) in Europe. Places project in context of comparable sources and in
relation to European framework. National data are collected by an annual
survey of employing organisations to monitor over time the impact of the
Single European Market (SEM) and to establish how far there is a shift
towards “Strategic HRM”. Uses a functional definition of
HRM. A postal questionnaire covers: HR departments and strategy;
recruitment policies; pay and benefits policies; training policies and
evaluation; contract and working hours flexibility; industrial
relations; response to the SEM. Deals with problems of compatability of
data across countries and languages, translation, industrial
classification, sample size and distribution responses.
The Use of Information in Small Firms in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kennington Don
Published: May 2006

With the increasing development of small firms, a greater emphasis
is now being placed on their information requirements. Detailed official
studies into the situation have revealed the deficiencies which appear
to exist in meeting these requirements, especially in those agencies
which specialise in servicing small firms. Recommendations for
improvements are examined, the conclusion being that it behoves
information specialists to address the special needs of small firms more
sympathetically.
PUBLIC LIBRARY/INFORMATION SERVICES TO THE HOUSEBOUND IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: McEvoy Helen
Published: May 2006

The provision of library services to the
housebound in the United Kingdom is
extremely diverse. Local authorities vary in
their attitudes to priorities just as demand
itself varies. The development of housebound
reader services is discussed, along with
staffing requirements and also the range and
selection of reading material and other
requirements such as music and books on
cassette.
Integrating Organisational Behaviour and Business Policy through Organisational Levels
Authors: Rashford Nicholas S. , Coghlan David
Published: May 2006

Organisational levels are viewed as important analytic frameworks in organisational behaviour. In organisational behaviour and organisation development texts, they are frequently presented as static notions, providing convenient headings under which particular organisational behaviour elements can be located. How an integrative framework of four organisational levels – individual, face‐to‐face team, group/divisional and strategy/policy – which emphasises cross‐level links was used as a core construct in an executive MBA programme is described.
Understanding Organisational Change
Authors: Kleiner Brian H. , Corrigan Walter A.
Published: May 2006

A conceptual framework is provided for understanding the form and
dynamics of organisational change. The basic organisational model and
life cycle, the types of organisational change, and the role of company
culture in organisational change are examined. The mechanics of change
are discussed and an overview taken of some pitfalls.
Human Resource: The Critical Success Factor
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin
Published: May 2006

As regards the quality of human resources, a turbulent business
environment presents, at times, a bewildering array of fundamental
challenges. Organisations can no longer cope by making small incremental
adjustments to existing practices. An aggregation of major challenges,
arising all at once is forcing a fundamental rethink of human resources
roles and responsibilities. The article examines the findings of a
survey initiated by the British Institute of Management and Aston
Business School concerning the thoughts and intentions of those at or
close to the top of major UK organisations.
Creativity in Japan
Authors: Yamada Kiyotaka
Published: May 2006

This article aims to clarify some obstacles for creative activity
which have been existing in Japan – especially through
socio‐cultural views. (It may be refreshing to see an article about
several of the weaknesses of Japan because so much can be seen about the
success of Japanese firms!) First, how the Japanese education system has
discouraged innovation is discussed, followed by a description of some
characteristics of Japanese management and how the features are both
encouraging and discouraging – with the emphasis on the latter
– for innovation. Then, historical and cultural backgrounds are
explained, and a brief summary offered.
Followership Behaviour: A Neglected Aspect of Leadership
Studies
Authors: Mmobuosi Ifechukude B.
Published: May 2006

What behaviour is induced in leaders/managers when subordinates are
unco‐operative? In this Nigerian study 25 managers were divided into
three groups, each with a leader appointed from the members – who
were then secretly briefed to be troublesome. Leaders exhibited the
behaviours of coercive autocracy, dependence, flight/fight, pairing,
passivity/laissez‐faire, confusion and anomie. In assessing a
leader′s performance, the impact of the followers on the leader deserves
attention.
Thoughts on Doctoral Education
Authors: Pondy Louis R.
Published: May 2006

The thoughts of a scholar are postulated, on his role as patron,
advisor, supervisor and also educator, and the relationships to his
students is discussed, whereby new ideas must be explored together to
expand a common horizon.
Organisational Development Diagnostic Categories: A
Clinical Approach
Authors: Young Stan , Litterer Joseph
Published: May 2006

It is recommended that the OD Community develop a taxonomical
diagnostic guide concerning organisational pathologies similar to APA′s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Part of such an
effort would be the classification of the subset of organisational
maladies that derive from the subconscious dimensions of organisational
behaviour. As an example of how such a schemata can be created, a
non‐directive psychological depth approach was applied to a decade‐long
conflict between the engineering and operating divisions of a Fortune 500 company. It was found that the source of the difficulty
was subconscious paradigmatic differences between the two groups;
engineers exhibiting a scientific, positivistic world view; operating
managers an entrepreneurial one. Symptoms of such a conflict are long
term (years) normative, moral rigid disagreements over how the affairs
of the company should be conducted. Thus paradigmatic conflict would
constitute one type of organisational disorder that could be
incorporated into a potential OD diagnostic guide.
Education for Library and Information Studies at Manchester
Polytechnic 1979‐1990
Authors: Rowley J.E. , Kaye D. , Farrow J.F. , Whittaker K.A.
Published: May 2006

Developments in education for library and information studies at
Manchester Polytechnic over the last eleven years are reviewed. Outside
influences have included the impact of information technology, a growing
awareness of the need to provide wider access to courses and the need to
prepare new graduates for both the traditional library and information
profession and posts in information management. Resources have been
enhanced to support these developments. The Learning Resources Unit and
Information Technology Unit came into being about ten years ago and have
been developed so that they now represent an unrivalled facility.
Developments in the department′s main courses are also reviewed.
Developing an Internal Consulting Group in a Large
Organisation Using an Institution‐Building Approach
Authors: Johri Hari , Molnar James
Published: May 2006

Internal consulting groups (ICGs) can offer the management of large
organisations, including those in the public sector, with efficient and
effective means of achieving improvement and responding to pressures
such as reduced resources. Those charged with developing an ICG should
follow an institution building approach. Through the ICG′s early, growth
and mature stages, key principles and issues of an institutional
development plan must be addressed and reasonable goals set. Top
management commitment to the plan is vital to its success.
Comparing Plateaued and Non‐plateaued Employees
Authors: Savery Lawson K.
Published: May 2006

The findings are reported of a research study into certain personal
organisational factors which may discriminate between two groups of
employees, one which was categorised as plateaued and the other
non‐plateaued. The respondents were drawn from a larger study of
employees at the headquarters of a large local government authority in
Western Australia. It was found that there was no difference between the
two groups concerning job satisfaction. However, the plateaued group
have a significantly lower desire for promotion, career development and
facing challenging situations. It is also suggested that members of the
plateaued group are significantly more aware than their non‐plateaued
colleagues that they are overworked and that the job itself is boring.
Job Stress in Educational Managers: A Dutch Survey
Authors: van der Ploeg Henk M.
Published: May 2006

The results of a survey of Dutch educational managers are
described, which used an adaptation of the Cooper Executive Stress
Questionnaire and the Spielberger Job Stress Survey. Directors of large
secondary schools, managers and directors at universities and
top‐ranking employees at the Dutch governmental department of education
and science were studied. Results for these Dutch educational managers
are compared with those of Dutch corporate executives.
Role Stress among Project Managers
Authors: Lysonski S. , Nilakant V. , Wilemon D.
Published: May 2006

Project management has become a common organisational approach to
manage complex projects. Despite its popularity, few studies have used a
human resource perspective to understand the behavioural dimensions of
the project manager. This study reports an empirical investigation on
some of the causes and consequences of role stress among project
managers. The sample consisted of 101 project managers in both
projectised and matrix organisations. The study investigates the
relationships between role stress and communication aspects such as
boundary spanning, perceived effectiveness, satisfaction and job
tension. It also examines the effect of role autonomy, need for
achievement, age and experience on effectiveness, satisfaction and
performance. Implications of the study, in terms of project management
effectiveness are discussed. The study concludes with a summary of
critical behavioural issues which impinge on project management
effectiveness.
The Organisational Value of Employee Assistance
Authors: Megranahan Mike
Published: May 2006

Interest in the impact of stress on employees has traditionally
focused on factors occurring in the workplace. Whilst this is valid,
stress has many sources not least of which are life events such as
divorce, bereavement and relocation. The impact can erode individual
productivity and ultimately organisational effectiveness. The employee
assistance programme (EAP) is emerging as a positive and constructive
response by employers to help employees manage and resolve work and
personal conflicts, pressures and problems. Originating in America in
the early 1960s, the EAP first appeared in the UK when the Employee
Advisory Resource (EAR) was developed in 1981. EAR marked the beginning
of a new strategy in human resource management which has been refined
and applied to an increasing number of blue chip companies in the UK.
The EAP is here to stay and many different models exist. The Employee
Advisory Resource has a nine‐year track record of application and shows
how the availability of counselling through an EAP can reduce individual
and organisational stresses.
Managing Money Transfer, or Paying Less on Paying Out
Authors: Rollason Robert
Published: May 2006

It is argued that auditors should have a clear view of the
opportunities that exist for automated transfer, and of the controls
against fraud and error that are built in. The role of BACS, the UK
banks′ automated clearing service, is compared with some of the other
computerised operations in UK banking. Types of settlements management
auditors should be advising their clients to make via the BACS service
are also described.
The Communications Audit: A Useful Management Tool?
Authors: Booth Anthony
Published: May 2006

The communications audit may be defined as “the process
whereby the communications within an organisation are analysed by an
internal or external consultant, with a view to increasing
organisational efficiency”. Why communications audits are
particularly necessary at present is described, how they are carried
out, the arguments for and against in‐house communications auditing, and
whether they are worthwhile, are also discussed. Examples are given of
two typical audits. One is concerned primarily with communications
effectiveness in terms of motivating employees towards organisational
goals. The other is orientated towards a consideration of more novel
means of communication such as computer conferencing.
Management Women and the New Facts of Life
Authors: Schwartz Felice N.
Published: May 2006

The recognition that an increasing proportion of the workforce over
the next decade will be women has important implications for corporate
employers, not least in the area of leadership positions. Two types of
women in organisations are defined – career‐primary and
career‐and‐family – and it is asserted that if organisations are
to retain their competitive advantage they must recognise the value of
both types and provide a more flexible work environment. This will
benefit both the individual and the employer. The individual will have
freedom of choice between career or family, or a combination of both;
and the employer will be able to retain a valuable resource – the
talented women executives.
Acquisitions and Mergers in European Community Strategies
Authors: Dealtry Richard
Published: May 2006

Acquiring a European company or, indeed, merging with one, are
strategies that are gaining favour with many organisations both within
and without the EC. The strategic implications of such moves are
examined and some methods of limiting the risks involved are suggested.
Market Socialism versus Workers′ Capitalism
Authors: Stradling Aidan
Published: May 2006

For years the Communist Party in the Soviet Union has been lying
about the state of the economy. Now that the truth is exposed, the real
situation appears to be quite desperate. Fifteen per cent of the
population lives below the poverty line and 40 per cent of industry is
obsolete. Where does Gorbachev go from here? The dilemma facing
Gorbachev is discussed.
EAST – WEST UNITY: THE EURO‐CONUNDRUM
Authors: Stradling Aidan
Published: May 2006

In the light of the recent political upheaval in Eastern Europe a
comparison is made between the types of economic and political union to
be found in the USSR and those at present being proposed for the member
states of the European Community. The concept is taken further by
envisaging the possible outcome if the USSR split up entirely into
politically independent states where each could proceed towards the next
stage of economic union. More realistically, it is envisaged that
instead of a totally United Europe there will be some natural distancing
of states from central control and a desire to retain a measure of
political and economic independence.
Small Primary Schools: A Report for Education Officers and
Advisers
Authors: Arnold Ronald , Roberts Brian
Published: May 2006

The article provides an overview of some of the problems that beset
small primary schools within the UK. Some of the solutions are suggested
but within the context of Local Management of Schools and the National
Curriculum difficulties may become more apparent. The report was first
written for internal use by local education authority officers/advisers
and names of individual LEAs have therefore been omitted.
Catholic Aided Schools: The Special Relationship
Authors: Bolton Jim
Published: May 2006

Discusses the situation of Catholic aided schools
following the 1988 Education Reform Act with
emphasis on school governing bodies. Governors
need training, information and guidance on school
management plans and devolved budgets, new
flexibilities in staff salaries, teacher appraisal and
morale, buying in inspection. Further classification
of new grant maintained status may be needed.
A proper balance must be found between
education authorities, governors, Church, parents
and teachers that best suits individual community
needs.
Offices: What Have They Got to Do with Telecommuting?
Authors: Broderick W.R.
Published: May 2006

Telecommuting is focused on after a recent survey found that 10‐16
per cent of the workforce will telecommute by 1995. The implications of
this trend are described: fewer people travelling to work in larger
cities; the development of a communications infrastructure to less
densely populated areas; the changes in office design and work groups,
and the effect on security.
Workplace Design: Its Contribution towards Total Quality
Authors: Trickett Terry
Published: May 2006

The working environment has a considerable potential contribution
to make to improving quality within an organisation. The introduction of
the concept of total quality means that the role of the working
environment in generating organisational success cannot be ignored any
longer. Planning office space needs to consider the individual in
context in terms of personal requirements as well as work requirements.
The three design aspects which are crucial in determining quality are:
(1) recognising different individuals′ needs; (2) finding more
appropriate forms of expression which encourage people to communicate
and work together, and (3) providing tools which extend people′s
capacity for work.
Problems in the Food System: A Comment
Authors: Body Richard
Published: May 2006

The food industry is faced by a crisis – perhaps sooner than
had been feared. The evidence of widespread salmonella among poultry, it
is argued, is a warning. It is suggested that two ways of avoiding the
problem would be for the up‐market sector of the food industry to buy
free‐range eggs only, and for it to demand that all the eggs it buys
come from birds which have been fed with proteins other than pieces of
dead animals.
Food Hygiene – The Missing Directive
Authors: Green Pauline
Published: May 2006

The initial legislation to introduce a single market in foodstuffs
throughout the EC has been wending its way through the Community for two
or three years. The five major directives are on food labelling,
additives, food for particular nutritional use, plastics in contact with
foodstuffs and official inspection of foodstuffs. However, it is
claimed, there is virtually nothing on hygiene. A proposed directive has
been suggested and is presented
Food Hygiene and the Foodworker – Working Together
Authors: England G.D.
Published: May 2006

Local authorities operate food hygiene certificate courses at
basic, intermediate and advanced levels.