bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazine Kurumunun Beytülmâl’in Devamı Olarak Nitelendirilmesinin Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Sıcakyüz Medine , Sencal Harun
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hazine ve beytülmâl kurumları arasındaki gelirleri, giderleri ve hedefleri, ontolojik ve epistemolojik seviyelerdeki farklarına dayalı olarak karşılaştırmaktır. Beytülmâlin başlıca gelir kalemleri zekât, humus, cizye ve haraçtır. Bu gelirler, Hz. Peygamber zamanından itibaren toplanmaya başlanmış ve âlimlerin içtihadına göre belirlenen ek kalemlerle birlikte beytülmâlin bir parçası olmaya devam etmiştir. Beytülmâl kurumu, büyüyen müslüman topluluklardaki ihtiyaçlara binaen şeriatın gayelerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla siyasî otorite tarafından geliştirilen bir yapı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu nedenle, gider kalemleri, iyiliği emredip kötülükten sakındırmak, cihat ve adaleti tesis etmek gibi şeriatın temel hedeflerine hizmet etmelidir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, beytülmâl kurumu, Allah’ın insanlar için uygun gördüğü maslahatları meydana getirmeyi amaçlayan şeriatın gayelerini gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan bir kaynak olarak yorumlanabilir. Diğer yandan, hazine sisteminin temeli ise modern devlete dayanmaktadır. Güçlü bir devlet olma ve bunu sürdürmek için gereken finansal ihtiyaçlar, vatandaşların vergilendirilmesi ve sürekli büyüme ve ilerlemeyi hedefleyen kapitalizmle uyumlu uygulamaların uygulanması yoluyla karşılanmaktadır. Devletin giderlerinin kalıcı ve büyük bölümünü oluşturan maaş ödemeleri ve emekli maaşları gibi alanlara yapılan harcamalar ise modern devletin merkezi kontrolünü kurmasına dayanak oluşturmaktadır. İki kurum arasında yaptığımız mukayese sonucunda elde ettiğimiz bulgular, büyüyen müslüman toplulukların ihtiyaçlarını gidermek ve şeriatın gayelerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla siyasi otorite tarafından geliştirilmiş olan beytülmâl kurumu ve modern devletin yanı sıra onunla ilişkilendirilen kapitalist pazar sisteminin bir parçası olan hazine kurumu arasındaki farklar, bu iki kurumun birbirinin devamı olarak görülemeyeceğini göstermektedir. Her iki kurum da siyasi otorite tarafından oluşturulmuş ve toplumun ekonomik faaliyetlerine katkıda bulunsa da amaçları ve yapıları açısından birbirinin devamı olmayan farklı kurumlardır. Son olarak çalışmamızda ortaya koymaya çalıştığımız niteliksel farklılıkları göz ardı ederek iki kurumu süreklilik ilişkisi içerisinde değerlendirmeye çalışmanın modern dönemde İslâmî ilkelere uygun finansal araç ve kurumlar önerme çabası açısından önemli bir tehlike oluşturduğuna dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapılmaya çalışılan karşılaştırmanın iki önemli faydası bulunmaktadır. İlk olarak İslâmî finans araçları için verilen fetvalarda modern devletin hazine kurumu değerlendirilirken bu niteliksel farklılıkların dikkate alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. İkinci önemli nokta ise beytülmâlin hem gelir kalemleri hem harcamalar hem de amaçlar açısından modern devletle uyum içinde olup olamayacağı sorusunun daha fazla araştırılması gereken bir soru olarak gündeme getirilmesidir.
Akrabalık Dostluk ve Arkadaşlık Bağları Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi
Authors: Horozcu Ümit
Published: October 2024

Bu makalede “Akrabalık, Dostluk ve Arkadaşlık Bağları (ADAB) Ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizine ilişkin bulgular paylaşılmaktadır. Ölçek, kişinin sosyal bağlarının var olup olmadığını ve varsa kuvvet düzeyini, insanların bu bağlara yönelik algıları üzerinden belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Kişinin ailesinden başlamak üzere, yakın ve uzak çevresiyle olan sosyal ilişkilerinin, onun psikolojik durumuyla karşılıklı etkileşim içerisinde olduğu bilinmektedir. Öte yandan İslam dini akrabalık bağlarının korunması, dostların davetlerine icabet edilmesi, zor zamanlarında onlara yardım edilmesi, onlarla küs kalınmaması, komşularla iyi geçinilmesi gibi sosyal görevleri birer dini sorumluluk olarak mensuplarından talep etmektedir. ADAB ölçeğinin, çekirdek aile dışında kişiyi psikososyal açıdan etkilemesi muhtemel sosyal çevresini büyük ölçüde kapsayacak maddelere sahip olması bakımından ölçek alan yazınına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ölçeğin, sosyal bilimlerde başta sosyal psikoloji ve klinik psikoloji olmak üzere psikolojinin birçok alt dalında, sosyolojide ve ilahiyat çatısı altında yer alan din bilimlerinden din sosyolojisi ve din eğitiminin yanı sıra aynı zamanda psikolojinin de bir alt dalı olan din psikolojisi alanlarında yapılacak saha çalışmalarında kullanılacağı öngörülmektedir. Ölçek, 2023 yılı Aralık ayında yapılan ardışık iki saha çalışması sonucunda geliştirilmiştir. 18 yaşından büyük 632 kişilik ilk örneklemden elde edilen veriler üzerinden yapılan istatistiksel analizler neticesinde, 30 maddeli ve 8 faktörlü bir ölçek yapısı elde edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için 341 kişilik bir örneklem grubu üzerinde yapılan ikinci çalışmada ölçeğin iyi düzeyde uyumluluk değerlerine sahip olduğu (CMIN/DF= 1.923; RMSEA = .053; RMR= .048; CFI= .914; GFI= .92; AGFI= .89; IFI= 92; TLI= .90) tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine dair yapılan analizde Cronbach’s Alpha değeri .90 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 8 faktörün her biri iyi yahut kabul edilir güvenirlik kat sayılarına sahiptir. Alt boyutların her biri ayrı ayrı kendi konusuna dair ölçüm yapabilecek güvenirlik ve geçerlik kat sayılarına sahip olmakta ise de ölçeğin bütün olarak kullanılması önerilmektedir. ADAB ölçeği, gelecekteki çalışmalarda 18 yaşından büyük olmak kaydıyla, cinsiyet fark etmeksizin toplumun her sosyo-ekonomik kesiminden, her eğitim seviyesinden örneklemler üzerinde yapılacak çalışmalarda güvenle kullanılabilir.
An Egyptian Female Mufassīr: Kariman Hamza and Her Tafsīr Named al-Lu’lu’ wa al-Marjān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān
Authors: Aksoy Hüsna , Hacımüftüoğlu Esra
Published: October 2024

This study incvolves the analysis of al-Lu’lu’ wa’l-Marjān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān of Kariman Hamza (1942-2023), one of the Egyptian female mufessīr (exegete), and the determination of the tafsīr (exegesis) method she followed. In this context, the life of Kariman Hamza was researched, and the methods of her tafsīr al-Lu’lu’ wa’l-Marjān were analyzed in terms of riwāya (narration) and dirāya (reasoning). A qualitative research method was used in this study. The author’s work was systematically examined from beginning to end and evaluated using the document analysis method. However, Kariman Hamza, whose main profession is news reporter and television presenter, initially refused the request to interpret/exegesis the Qur’ān for children because she was not a graduate of al-Azhar University. Later, as a result of various requests, her interest in the Qur’ān and her television programmes on the subject, she decided to write a tafsīr. Her tafsīr is a three-volume work that she wrote in three years, focusing on tafsīr studies, and was approved by Al-Azhar University. Kariman Hamza sees the writing of her tafsīr on the basis of her religious programme and Islamic writings in her 35 years of broadcasting life and sees it as the fruit of her efforts to preach Islam. Kariman Hamza, who stated that the reader can read her tafsīr without being bored and that she wrote like a mother explaining something to her child, is one of the rare female writers who tafsīr the Qur’ān from beginning to end. The fact that there are very few studies on al-Lu’lu’ wa al-Marjān is one of the factors that makes this work unique. Analyzing the work in terms of the tafsīr method makes a significant contribution to the literature. The most distinctive aspect of the tafsīr is the comparative presentation of quotations from the Bible and the attempt to make connections with current events. One of the results of this article is that Kariman Hamza’s tafsīr, which she compiled from many sources of tafsīr and combined with her knowledge of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, opens up the discussion of whether it is a tafsīr or a compilation work, and raises the question of how to name and interpret such works, examples of which are beginning to appear today, based on the perception of the mufassīr in the tafsīr tradition.
Can Business Ethics and Political Ethics Close/Narrow the Gap Between Morality and Economic Development-Power?
Authors: Türkeri Mehmet , Aydın Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Can business ethics and political ethics solve the problems in business and politics caused by people's lifelong pursuit of economic and political power throughout their lives? This study, which we have built around this question, basically aims to present an analysis of the ethical violations and problems encountered in business and politics, two important areas of human experience, and the ethical emphasis developed to prevent them. In business; working, doing business, trading and pursuing pure profit and taking these as ends in themselves raise a wide variety of ethical problems in society and business life. There have been some recommendations of business ethics to solve these problems. In politics, on the other hand, we also face problems caused by the notion that public morality can be ignored, lies can be told when necessary, and any path that leads to political goals can be considered legitimate. This article argues that it is not possible to fully solve moral violations and problems in the fields of economy and politics with business ethics and political ethics. This is because the understanding of morality / ethics and human understanding underlies these problems is problematic. Utilitarianism, which was developed in the 17th century and is the moral philosophy of the English-speaking world, was formulated by Bentham and Mill and takes into account the general benefit of society on the basis of pleasure. It is an approach that does not see virtues, which are the backbone of morality, as essential because it accepts social interest and pleasure as the basis. Again, an understanding of humanity that sees people as beings with pure ambition and egoism, such idea that regards man is a wolf to man, and that is based on the motto that big fish eats the litle, is an understanding of humanity that excludes the altruism, which is characteristic of morality. If we want to fundamentally solve ethical problems in the fields of economics and politics, we need an approach that considers virtues and altruism as essential. This study emphasizes that the understanding of virtue of Aristotle and Islamic philosophers should be taken as a basis in solving problems in the field of economics and politics. It concludes that elements such as property, wealth and position, which are also at stake in the fields of economy and politics, have instrumental rather than values. Our article is a problem-oriented, partly systematic analysis, compilation article. Our study is based on the idea of shaping economic and political life from the perspective of virtue ethics.
Sosyal Medya ve Popüler Dindarlık: Facebook’taki Tasavvuf Sayfaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Bayrakcı Sami , Çuhadar Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Popüler dindarlık, kitabî dindarlığa nazaran daha çok halk inanışlarının yaygınlık kazanması anlamına gelen bir terim olarak din ile toplum arasındaki diyalektik ilişkiye karşılık gelmektedir. Bu ilişkinin araştırılabileceği mecralardan birini, kullanıcıların dinî ve kültürel içerikler paylaşmalarına imkân sağlayan sosyal medya ağları oluşturmaktadır. Popüler dindarlık farklı veçheleri ile özellikle sosyal medyada yoğun bir ilgiye mazhar olmakta ve popüler dindarlığın günümüzde beslendiği temel alanların başında da tasavvuf gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda sosyal medya mecralarında açılan “tasavvuf” temalı sayfaların popüler dindarlıkla ilişkisi bu çalışmanın temel problemidir. Bu açıdan sayfalarda yapılan paylaşımların dini kaynakları, güvenilirliği vb. hususlar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, popüler dindarlığın beslendiği bir kaynak olarak tasavvufun sosyal medyadaki görünümünü ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemine bağlı kalınarak içerik analizi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Facebook’ta tasavvuf ile bağlantılı kelimeler taranmış ve bunların arasında en fazla “Allah dostları”, “Tasavvuf” ve “Hz. Mevlâna”nın kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespit çerçevesinde söz konusu kavramların kullanıldığı dokuz sayfadaki yüz seksen paylaşım analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki veriler, 06 Ocak 2024 tarihi baz alınarak, yapılan son yirmi paylaşım üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Sayfaların seçiminde amaçlı örneklem kullanılmış, takipçi sayısı en yüksek olan ve güncel içerik paylaşan sayfalar çalışma kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda tasavvuf içeriklerinin sosyal medyaya farklı biçim, tür ve temalarda yansıdığı, zaman zaman bunun tasavvuf mecrasının dışına taşan bir boyuta da evrildiği; incelenen sayfaların yetkinlik ve şeffaflık konusunda yeterli düzeyde bilgi vermediği; etkileşim sayılarının takipçi sayısına göre düşük kaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. İncelenen paylaşımların dinin boyutlarıyla ilişkisi değerlendirildiğinde ibadet boyutunun en yüksek orana sahip olduğu, duygu ve ahlak boyutunun yakın oranlarda onu takip ettiği, inanç ve düşünce boyutunun ise düşük düzeyde kaldığı; ilmî kaynaklara yer verme düzeyinin zayıf olduğu; ağırlıklı olarak dinî-sûfî şahsiyetlere ait sözlerin öne çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten incelenen sayfalarda tasavvufî içeriklerin daha ziyade zikir-dua; tebrik, taziye, anma; edep, güzel ahlak temaları başta olmak üzere muhtelif konuları kapsadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak sosyal medyada tasavvufun popüler dindarlıkla yakından ilişkili, senkretik bir mesele olarak tezahür ettiği anlaşılmıştır.
The Legal Challenges of Combating Oil Spillage in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Tonghan-Ekpemupolo Elizabeth , Gasiokwu P.I
Published: September 2024

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria grapples with persistent challenges related to oil spillages posing significant environmental, social, and economical risks. Despite numerous efforts to address this issue, various legal hurdles impede the effective combating of oil spills in the region. The problem of this research, therefore, is, why is that oil spillage in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has continued unabated despite the numerous legal and institutional frameworks put in place for combating oil spillages in the Niger Delta. The aim of this research then is to examine the legal challenges of combating oil spillages in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. To achieve this, the researcher adopted the doctrinal research method. This method is the use of both primary and secondary resource materials in dealing with the subject matter under investigation. The researcher discovered that corruption and lack of transparency is one of the major reasons why oil spillage in the region continues unabated. It is therefore recommended that anti-corruption measures and enhanced transparency within regulatory agencies by adopting digital tracking systems for monitoring oil spill incidence should be established. This research has contributed to knowledge because it has affirmed that identification of jurisdictional complexities which impede the effectiveness of regulation and enforcement of oil activities in the Niger Delta region is a clog to the legal framework for combating oil spill in the region.
Green Manufacturing Practices and Learning and Growth Efficiency of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies Listed in Nigeria
Authors: Onyeka-Iheme Chimeruo Victory , Akintoye Ishola Rufus , Dada Samuel Olajide
Published: September 2024

The present paper investigates the impact of Green Manufacturing Practices (GMP) on the Learning and Growth (LGE) of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria. The study utilized Green Product Design (GPD), Green Supply Chain Management (GSM), Green Efficient Processes (GEP), Green Renewable Energy (GRE), and End-of-life Product Management (EPM) as constructs for green manufacturing practices on learning and growth efficiency of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted for this study the consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria made up the population of this study. The sample size of 228 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula and randomly selected. A 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire was employed for data collection. The validity of the instrument of data collected was premised on the vast experience of the managers and the reliability of the data was done using the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient Technique which produced between 0.767 and 0.966 results. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyze and test the multiple regression. Descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics were used to analyze the data at a 5% significance level. The findings indicate that green manufacturing practices variables (GPD, GSM, GEP, GRE, and EPM) had a positive significant effect on learning and growth efficiency (Adj.R2 = 0.440, F(6,217) = 35.001, p < 0.05) indicating that a unit increase in GMPs will enhance the LGE of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria. These findings should be of major interest to the Management of the consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria. They suggest that they need to make informed strategic decisions about green initiatives and prioritize investments in them, while Government policymakers develop or refine regulatory frameworks that encourage green manufacturing practices in the manufacturing industry. This investigation provides original empirical evidence on the effect of green manufacturing practices on the learning and growth efficiency of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria.
Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Intellectual Capital Efficiency on Cost of Debt
Authors: Ukpong Mmaeyen Ofonime , Ukpong Eno Gregory , Ibok Nkanikpo
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of intellectual capital efficiency on cost of debt of manufacturing companies listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group from the 2014-2023. The research design adopted for this study was ex post facto, secondary data were used and the population of the study consisted of 62 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The sample size of this study was 27 purposively selected listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The data used in this study were analyzed using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) regression analysis. The findings of this study revealed that human capital efficiency (HCE), has significant negative effect on cost of debt; relational capital efficiency (RCE) has significant negative effect on cost of debt; and structural capital efficiency (SCE) has significant negative effect on cost of debt of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that intellectual capital efficiency can significantly impact on the cost of debt of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended among others that the management of manufacturing firms should develop and maintain strong relationships with creditors and financial institutions to negotiate better credit terms and reduce the cost of debt. It was also recommended that the management of these firms should continue to improve and leverage structural capital to enhance operational efficiencies and lower the cost of debt.
Examining the Factors Affecting the Job Motivation of Employees in the Higher Education System in Afghanistan
Authors: Temory Mohammad Dawude
Published: September 2024

Human resources of any organization are important assets of the organization, and they are significant. The reason for the importance of human resources is that other resources of the organization such as capital and physical assets cannot create efficiency and productivity without human resources. The need for motivated employees who can optimally use the organization's facilities and other assets is considered an undeniable fact of every organization. For this reason, motivating employees is one of the most important concerns in organizations. To achieve this, knowing the effective factors in creating job motivation is one of the necessities. This research was conducted to investigate the effective factors of employee motivation based on Herzberg's theory. These factors include maintenance factors and motivating factors. Based on the nature and research method, this research is a descriptive survey applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research is the administrative employees of the higher education section in Afghanistan. The data collection tool in this research is a standard questionnaire "Herzberg's 40-item job motivation questionnaire" and the data are collected and analyzed using different methods of data analysis. The results of the research indicate that job motivation has the highest correlation with job security, policy, and working environment. supervision, and communication among the motivating factors, the highest correlation is respectively with career success, recognition, appreciation, nature of work, career advancement, and job responsibility.
200 Años de Lealtad del Heroico Colegio Militar de México
Authors: Ibarra Bucio Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2024

El 11 de octubre de 1823 fue fundado el Colegio Militar de México teniendo como su primer cede el castillo de Perote en Veracruz, en este lugar se considera que ocurrieron dos actos de lealtad, los iniciales en su trayectoria de 200 años que cumplió en el 2023, lo que le ha valido el carácter de heroico debido a sus integrantes han participado en eventos bélicos en los que dejaron patente su lealtad en los momentos difíciles que han soportado las instituciones nacionales, la presente investigación es una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica en la que la mayoría de sus autores fueron testigos o autores presenciales de cada evento.
Approved and Late Clinical Trial Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cho Eunjoo
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a major type of dementia characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to cognitive decline and brain atrophy. The progression of the disease is marked by the accumulation of amyloid β plaques and tau tangles that are proposed to be the driver of subsequent neural death and atrophy. Targeting these hallmarks with monoclonal antibodies has become a promising approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease. As of 2021, the FDA approved the amyloid β targeting monoclonal antibody aducanumab as the first approved treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Since this landmark, significant work has been done to develop monoclonal antibodies to treat Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss the development of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab, as well as the monoclonal antibodies remternetug and E2814 that are currently in late-phase clinical trials.
BCS-Based Encoding Schemes for Monoview and Multiview Visual Configurations in WVSN Data Gathering: A Survey
Authors: Priya G. L. , Ghosh Debashis
Published: September 2024

Wireless Visual Sensor Network (WVSN) has become a valuable tool in addressing the evolving needs of modern monitoring systems. Encoding in WVSNs is a multifaceted process that involves compressing visual data, optimizing energy consumption, ensuring error resilience, and adapting to various network and application requirements. The associated lightweight encoders and the demand for less storage space make block compressive sensing (BCS) techniques suitable for WVSN applications where energy, bandwidth, and storage resources are limited. Based on the number of visual perspectives or camera angles available within a network for data capture, there are two primary congurations: monoview and multiview. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of dierent BCS-based encoding schemes used for data-gathering in both monoview and multiview scenarios within WVSNs. A comparative study of these algorithms based on compression level, computational complexity, relative gain in encoder energy, and reconstruction quality is performed. A BCS-based joint encoding scheme for multiview conguration that ensures a relatively high compression level is also proposed in this paper.
Die Deponierungen der Trichterbecherkultur
Authors: Müller Michael
Published: October 2024

Der vorliegende Band bietet eine umfassende Untersuchung der rituellen Niederlegungen der neolithischen Trichterbecherkultur (4100–2800 v. Chr.). Trotz einer langen Geschichte der Erforschung seit der zweiten
Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts fehlte bisher eine aktuelle Gesamtzusammenfassung und Auswertung dieses Phänomens. Die Studie schließt diese Lücke und legt dabei einen besonderen Fokus auf Deponierungen mit Steingeräten,
insbesondere Beilklingen aus Feuerstein, die das zentrale Thema der Deponierungen darstellen. Rund 3500 Artefakte aus 63 verschiedenen Museen und Sammlungen in fünf Ländern hat der Autor für diese Arbeit analysiert
und fotografiert. Durch quellenkritische Analysen und Methoden zur Identifizierung von Deponierungen konnten wichtige Erkenntnisse gewonnen, eine neue Typologie für Beilklingen entwickelt sowie Schätzungen zu ihrer
Herstellungszeit vorgenommen werden. Untersucht werden zudem die Zusammensetzung der Depots, ihre geografische Verteilung, ihre Lagebeziehung zu trichterbecherzeitlichen Siedlungen und Gräbern sowie die Inszenierung
der niedergelegten Objekte. Schließlich diskutiert das Buch die Bedeutung der Deponierungen innerhalb der trichterbecherzeitlichen Gesellschaften und sieht die mit den Niederlegungen einhergehenden rituellen
Handlungen als Ausdruck sozialer Zusammengehörigkeit im Kontext eines Glaubenssystems, das möglicherweise einen zentralen Aspekt des trichterbecherzeitlichen Lebens darstellte und sich schließlich auch in
monumentalen Bauwerken manifestierte.
Secret Key Extraction using Keyloggers
Authors: B Prashanth Anu , C Savitha , N M Moulya
Published: October 2024

The application of keylogger technology for secret key extraction within a message-sending system is presented with practical example of its implementation in real-world scenarios. Keyloggers, designed to capture keystrokes, are repurposed to intercept cryptographic key input during the process of message encryption and decryption. By deploying keyloggers in a controlled environment, the sensitive cryptographic keys can be extracted from user interactions with the messaging application. The integration of keylogger tools with the messaging system includes technical details of their deployment and the methodologies used to capture and analyze keystrokes associated with cryptographic operations.
Asteroid Period Solutions from Combined Dense and Sparse Photometry
Authors: Gowanlock Michael , Trilling David E. , McNeill Andrew , Kramer Daniel , Chernyavskaya Maria
Published: October 2024

Deriving high-quality light curves for asteroids and other periodic sources from survey data is challenging owing to many factors, including the sparsely sampled observational record and diurnal aliasing, which is a signature imparted into the periodic signal of a source that is a function of the observing schedule of ground-based telescopes. In this paper we examine the utility of combining asteroid observational records from the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, which are the ground- and space-based facilities, respectively, to determine to what degree the data from the space-based facility can suppress diurnal aliases. Furthermore, we examine several optimizations that are used to derive the rotation periods of asteroids, which we then compare to the reported rotation periods in the literature. Through this analysis we find that we can reliably derive the rotation periods for ∼85% of our sample of 222 objects that are also reported in the literature and that the remaining ∼15% are difficult to reliably derive, as many are asteroids that are insufficiently elongated, which produces a light curve with an insufficient amplitude and, consequently, an incorrect rotation period. We also investigate a binary classification method that biases against reporting incorrect rotation periods. We conclude the paper by assessing the utility of using other ground- or space-based facilities as companion telescopes to the forthcoming Rubin Observatory.
X-Ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei in Local Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from eROSITA
Authors: Sacchi Andrea , Bogdán Ákos , Chadayammuri Urmila , Ricarte Angelo
Published: October 2024

Although supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside in the heart of virtually every massive galaxy, it remains debated whether dwarf galaxies commonly host SMBHs. Because low-mass galaxies may retain memory of the assembly history of their black holes (BHs), probing the BH occupation fraction of local dwarf galaxies might offer insights into the growth and seeding mechanisms of the first BHs. In this work, we exploit the Western half of the eROSITA all-sky survey (covering 20,000 deg2) and compile a catalog of accreting SMBHs in local (D < 200 Mpc) dwarf galaxies. Cleaning our sample from X-ray background sources, X-ray binaries, and ultraluminous X-ray sources, we identify 74 active galactic nucleus (AGN)–dwarf galaxy pairs. Using this large and uniform sample, we derive the luminosity function of the dwarf galaxy AGN, fitting it with a power-law function and obtaining

d
N
/
d

L
X

=
(
15.9
±
2.2
)
×

L
X

−
1.63
±
0.05

. Measuring the offset between the dwarf galaxies' centroids and the X-ray sources, we find that ≈50% of the AGN are likely off-nuclear, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We compare the BH-to-stellar mass relation of our sample with the local and high-redshift relations, finding that our sources better adhere to the former, which suggests that local AGN across different mass scales undergo similar growth histories. Finally, we compare our sources with semianalytical models: while our sample’s shallowness prevents distinguishing between different seeding models, we find that the data favor models that keep SMBHs in dwarf galaxies active at a moderate rate, motivating model improvement by comparison to AGN in the dwarf galaxy regime.
The Bulk Densities of Small Solar System Bodies as a Probe of Planetesimal Formation
Authors: Tatsuuma Misako , Kataoka Akimasa , Tanaka Hidekazu , Guillot Tristan
Published: October 2024

Constraining the formation processes of small solar system bodies is crucial for gaining insights into planetesimal formation. Their bulk densities, determined by their compressive strengths, offer valuable information about their formation history. In this paper, we utilize a formulation of the compressive strength of dust aggregates obtained from dust N-body simulations to establish the relation between the bulk density and diameter. We find that this relation can be effectively approximated by a polytrope with an index of 0.5, coupled with a formulation of the compressive strength of dust aggregates. The lowest-density trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and main-belt asteroids (MBAs) are well reproduced by dust aggregates composed of 0.1 μm sized grains. However, most TNOs, MBAs, comets, and near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) exhibit higher densities, suggesting the influence of compaction mechanisms such as collision, dust grain disruption, sintering, or melting, leading to further growth. We speculate that there are two potential formation paths for small solar system bodies. One involves the direct coagulation of primordial dust grains, resulting in the formation of first-generation planetesimals, including the lowest-density TNOs, MBAs, and the parent bodies of comets and NEAs. In this case, comets and NEAs are fragments or rubble piles of first-generation planetesimals, and the objects themselves or the rubble are composed of 0.1 μm sized grains. The other path involves the further potential fragmentation of first-generation planetesimals into the compact dust aggregates observed in protoplanetary disks, resulting in the formation of second-generation planetesimals composed of compact dust aggregates, which may contribute to explaining another formation process of comets and NEAs.
Signatures of Mass Segregation from Competitive Accretion and Monolithic Collapse
Authors: Parker Richard J. , Pinson Emily J. , Alcock Hayley L. , Dale James E.
Published: October 2024

The two main competing theories proposed to explain the formation of massive (>10 M
⊙) stars—competitive accretion and monolithic core collapse—make different observable predictions for the environment of the massive stars during, and immediately after, their formation. Proponents of competitive accretion have long predicted that the most massive stars should have a different spatial distribution to lower-mass stars, through the stars being either mass segregated or being in areas of higher relative densities or sitting deeper in gravitational potential wells. We test these predictions by analyzing a suite of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations where star clusters form massive stars via competitive accretion with and without feedback. We find that the most massive stars have higher relative densities, and sit in deeper potential wells, only in simulations in which feedback is not present. When feedback is included, only half of the simulations have the massive stars residing in deeper potential wells, and there are no other distinguishing signals in their spatial distributions. Intriguingly, in our simple models for monolithic core collapse, the massive stars may also end up in deeper potential wells because if massive cores fragment then the stars that form are also massive, and dominate their local environs. We find no robust diagnostic test in the spatial distributions of massive stars that can distinguish their formation mechanisms, and so other predictions for distinguishing between competitive accretion and monolithic collapse are required.
The Remarkable X-Ray Spectra and Variability of the Ultraluminous Weak-line Quasar SDSS J1521+5202
Authors: Wang Shouyi , Brandt W. N. , Luo Bin , Yu Zhibo , Zou Fan , Huang Jian , Ni Qingling , Vito Fabio
Published: October 2024

We present a focused X-ray and multiwavelength study of the ultraluminous weak-line quasar (WLQ) SDSS J1521+5202, one of the few X-ray weak WLQs that is amenable to basic X-ray spectral and variability investigations. J1521+5202 shows striking X-ray variability during 2006–2023, by up to a factor of ≈32 in 0.5–2 keV flux, and our new 2023 Chandra observation caught it in its brightest X-ray flux state to date. Concurrent infrared/optical observations show only mild variability. The 2023 Chandra spectrum can be acceptably described by a power law with intrinsic X-ray absorption, and it reveals a nominal intrinsic level of X-ray emission relative to its optical/ultraviolet emission. In contrast, an earlier Chandra spectrum from 2013 shows apparent spectral complexity that is not well fit by a variety of models, including ionized absorption or standard Compton-reflection models. Overall, the observations are consistent with the thick-disk plus outflow model previously advanced for WLQs, where a nominal level of underlying X-ray emission plus variable absorption leads to the remarkable observed X-ray variability. In the case of J1521+5202, it appears likely that the outflow, and not the thick disk itself, lies along our line of sight and causes the X-ray absorption.
Ba Enrichment in Gaia MS+WD Binaries: Tracing s-process Element Production
Authors: Rekhi Param , Ben-Ami Sagi , Hallakoun Na’ama , Shahaf Sahar , Toonen Silvia , Rix Hans-Walter
Published: September 2024

A large population of intermediate-separation binaries, consisting of a main-sequence (MS) star and a white dwarf (WD), recently emerged from Gaia’s third data release (DR3), posing challenges to current models of binary evolution. Here we examine the s-process element abundances in these systems using data from GALAH DR3. Following refined sample analysis with parameter estimates based on GALAH spectra, we find a distinct domain where enhanced s-process elemental abundances depend on both the WD mass and metallicity, consistent with parameter spaces identified in previous asymptotic giant branch (AGB) nucleosynthesis studies having higher s-process yields. Notably, these enhanced abundances show no correlation with the systems’ orbital parameters, supporting a history of accretion in intermediate-separation MS+WD systems. Consequently, our results form direct observational evidence of a connection between AGB masses and s-process yields. We conclude by showing that the GALAH DR3 survey includes numerous Ba dwarf stars, within and beyond the mass range covered in our current sample, which can further elucidate s-process element distributions in MS+WD binaries.
Vagus nerve stimulation in dementia: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies
Authors: Kamoga Ronald , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Kalungi Samuel , Adriko Wilson , Nakidde Gladys , Obua Celestino , Obongoloch Johnes , Ihunwo Amadi Ogonda
Published: September 2024

Background

Dementia is a prevalent, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with multifactorial causes. Due to the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatments for dementia, there are growing clinical and research interests in using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for dementia. However, the extent of the research volume and nature into the effects of VNS on dementia is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of research activities in relation to the use of VNS in dementia and disseminate research findings for the potential utility in dementia care.

Methods

We performed a scoping review of literature searches in PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane databases from 1980 to November 30th, 2023, including the reference lists of the identified studies. The following search terms were utilized: brain stimulation, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vagal stimulation, memory loss, Deme*, cognit*, VNS, and Cranial nerve stimulation. The included studies met the following conditions: primary research articles pertaining to both humans and animals for both longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs and published in English from January 1st, 1980, to November 30th, 2023; investigated VNS in either dementia or cognitive impairment; and were not case studies, conference proceedings/abstracts, commentaries, or ordinary review papers.

Findings and conclusions

We identified 8062 articles, and after screening for eligibility (sequentially by titles, abstracts and full text reading, and duplicate removal), 10 studies were included in the review. All the studies included in this literature review were conducted over the last three decades in high-income geographical regions (i.e., Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China), with the majority of them (7/10) being performed in humans. The main reported outcomes of VNS in the dementia cases were enhanced cognitive functions, an increased functional connectivity of various brain regions involved in learning and memory, microglial structural modifications from neurodestructive to neuroprotective configurations, a reduction of cerebral spinal fluid tau-proteins, and significant evoked brain tissue potentials that could be utilized to diagnose neurodegenerative disorders. The study outcomes highlight the potential for VNS to be used as a non-pharmacological therapy for cognitive impairment in dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Evaluación del proceso de prensado en la fabricación de bloques de tierra comprimida
Authors: Cabrera Santiago , Darras Gonzalo , Losa Nicolás
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo pretende esclarecer los aspectos fundamentales del proceso de compresión de los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC) y de las máquinas desarrolladas para tal fin. Para ello se presenta la percepción de diferentes fabricantes de prensas y bloques sobre la fuerza de compresión requerida para fabricar un BTC, se describe el funcionamiento de los mecanismos de acción de las prensas manuales e hidráulicas comercialmente disponibles en Sudamérica y se determina de manera analítica y experimental la fuerza máxima de compresión que estas prensas pueden aplicar. La evaluación de los resultados indica que la presión de moldeo de las prensas de accionamiento manual varía entre 3.8 y 8 kfg/cm2, la aplicada por las prensas hidráulicas de baja y mediana potencia entre los 9 y 32.4 kfg/cm2 y la producida por las prensas hidráulicas de alta potencia (hasta 11 kW) puede alcanzar los 64.7 kfg/cm2.
El valor de un prototipo formal y constructivo: las bóvedas de arcos cruzados de ladrillo del Museo de América (Madrid, 1942-1963)
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Mosteiro Javier , Fakhoury Jawan
Published: October 2024

Entre las experiencias con “bóvedas tabicadas” que, por escasez de acero y cemento, se realizaron en la España de postguerra, destacan las construidas por Luis Moya en el Museo de América de Madrid (1942-1963), obra en colaboración con Luis Martínez-Feduchi. Situado el edificio a la entrada de la Ciudad Universitaria, un lugar de singular simbolismo en ese momento, propició que la investigación con ese sistema adquiriera, aquí, un valor programático. Además de englobar gran variedad de soluciones, fue ocasión para que Moya presentara sus primeros y espectaculares ensayos con bóvedas de arcos cruzados de ladrillo. Éstas, conjugando razón técnica y resultado plástico, constituyeron un prototipo que Moya desarrollaría después, en distintas ciudades españolas: uno de los relevantes momentos de la historia de la construcción en el siglo XX. Este estudio, incorporando análisis, datos y material gráfico inéditos, viene a satisfacer una laguna de conocimiento en la historia de este innovador proceso constructivo.
Strengthening the Psychological Health and Readiness of Military Critical Care Nurses for Disaster and Future Combat Environments
Authors: Flarity Kathleen , Stanley Ian , April Michael D.
Published: October 2024

Critical care nursing is a highly dynamic and demanding field, and critical care nurses play a vital role in the US military health care system. Although many critical care nurses are resilient to myriad occupational exposures, for some nurses the job leads to adverse psychological effects, including compassion fatigue and burnout. This article describes the evidence used to develop a psychoeducation program designed to mitigate burnout among health care professionals, particularly critical care nurses. Implementation considerations (including those in the context of disaster response) and future battlefield are discussed. Ultimately, supporting the psychological health of the US military’s critical care nurse force is vital to ensure their well-being, the readiness of our armed forces, and the security of our nation.
High-Dose Rifampicin for 3 Months after Culture Conversion for Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kwak Nakwon , Kim Joong-Yub , Kim Hyung-Jun , Kwon Byoung-Soo , Lee Jae Ho , Mok Jeongha , Kwon Yong-Soo , Kang Young Ae , Park Youngmok , Lee Ji Yeon , Jeon Doosoo , Lee Jung-Kyu , Yang Jeong Seong , Whang Jake , Kim Kyung Jong , Kim Young Ran , Cheon Minkyoung , Park Jiwon , Hahn Seokyung , Yim Jae-Joon
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen.Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156)Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups.Conclusion: The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.
Singular Abreu equations and linearized Monge–Ampère equations with drifts
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Le Nam Q. , Wang Ling , Zhou Bin
Published: October 2024

We study the solvability of singular Abreu equations which arise in the approximation of convex functionals subject to a convexity constraint. Previous works established the solvability of their second boundary value problems either in two dimensions, or in higher dimensions under either a smallness condition or a radial symmetry condition. Here, we solve the higher-dimensional case by transforming singular Abreu equations into linearized Monge–Ampère equations with drifts. We establish global Hölder estimates for linearized Monge–Ampère equations with drifts under suitable hypotheses, and then apply them to prove the regularity and solvability of the second boundary value problem for singular Abreu equations in higher dimensions. Many cases with general right-hand side are also discussed.
Самогравитирующее хиггсово поле асимметричного бинарного скалярного заряда
Authors: Ignatev Yuriy Gennadievich
Published: September 2024

Исследовано самогравитирующее хиггсово поле скалярного заряда для случая асимметричного скалярного дублета, содержащего наряду с канонической и фантомную компоненту. Показано, что в нулевом и первом приближениях по малости канонического и фантомного скалярных зарядов гравитационное поле скалярного заряда описывается метрикой Шварцшильда-де Ситтера с космологической постоянной, определяемой устойчивой точкой равновесия - вакуумным потенциалом канонического хиггсова поля и нулевым значением фантомного скалярного потенциала. Получено и исследовано уравнение на возмущение устойчивого значения потенциала, найдены асимптотики в ближней и дальней зонах. Проведено усреднение микроскопических осцилляций скалярного поля и показано, что знак вклада микроскопических осцилляций в макроскопическую энергию скалярного поля полностью определяется значениями фундаментальных констант потенциала Хиггса асимметричного скалярного дублета. Особо выделен случай, когда вклад осцилляций в макроскопические плотность энергии и давление строго равен нулю. Обсуждаются возможные приложения полученных решений.
О дискретных иерархиях модифицированного уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили со связями: калибровочные преобразования и обобщенные решения в виде вронскианов
Authors: Yi Ge , Wang Liyun , Tian Kelei , Xu Ying
Published: September 2024

Изучаются дискретные иерархии модифицированного уравнения Кадомцева-Петвиашвили с использованием калибровочных преобразований $T_\mathrm{D}$ (дифференциального типа) и $T_\mathrm{I}$ (интегрального типа). Доказано, что $T_\mathrm{D}$ и $T_\mathrm{I}$ могут коммутировать, причем произведения $T_\mathrm{D}$ и $T_\mathrm{I}$ удовлетворяют уравнению Сато. С помощью калибровочных преобразований получено необходимое и достаточное условие для редуцирования обобщенных решений в виде вронскианов к решениям иерархий со связями. В приложении приведен пример.