bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An app a day: Results of pre- and post-surveys of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial stewardship principles among nurses who utilized a novel learning platform
Authors: Bobbitt Laura J. , Cimino Christo , Garvey Kim V. , Craft Leanna S. , Eichenseer Nicole A. , Nelson George E.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Nurses perform several functions that are integral for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). However, nurses are underrepresented in research and underutilized in implementation of AMS interventions. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effect of asynchronous microlearning on inpatient nursing staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMS principles.

Methods:

A team of pharmacists, physicians, and nurses developed 9 case-based, multiple-choice questions with accompanying educational explanations on associated AMS principles. One case was delivered to participants daily via an institutional web-based application (QuizTime). A KAP survey with 20 questions on a 5-point Likert scale was administered before and after the intervention. Survey results were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:

Participants’ mean survey score after the intervention demonstrated statistically significant improvement for 18 (90%) of 20 items compared to before the intervention. Participants’ confidence improved in key AMS activities: (1) differentiating between colonization and infection (mean difference, 0.63; P < .001), (2) identifying unnecessary urine cultures and inappropriate treatment of urinary tract infections (mean difference, 0.94; P < .001), (3) recognizing opportunities for intravenous to oral therapy conversion (mean difference, 1.07; P < .001), and (4) assessing for antibiotic-associated adverse effects (mean difference, 0.54; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Nursing education provided through an asynchronous, microlearning format via a mobile platform resulted in statistically significant improvement in most KAP topics. Nurses are integral members of a multidisciplinary AMS team, and novel education methods can help equip them with the necessary AMS tools. This pilot study forms the basis for expanded AMS educational efforts in all healthcare professionals.
A One Welfare approach to identify socioeconomic vulnerability in families during investigations into companion animal abuse in Pinhais, Brazil
Authors: Monsalve Stefany , Hammerschmidt Janaina , Ribeiro Micheli , Caleme Maria Vitoria Duarte , Marconcin Solange , Filius Gizeli , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria
Published: March 2023

A One Welfare approach allows intervention to resolve problems related to the human-animal-environment interface. However, in Brazil and many other countries, there is poor communication between human and animal welfare services. In this research we considered a One Welfare approach in cases of abuse involving dogs and cats. When investigating pet abuse, professionals from the Animal Welfare Division of Pinhais, Brazil, can enter the home environment. During routine animal abuse investigations, the demographic profile of pet owners and their socioeconomic vulnerability was also recorded. Results from forty-five cases with (n = 30) and without (n = 15) suspicion of socioeconomic vulnerability were sent to the Department of Social Assistance of Pinhais, Brazil for confirmation. Socioeconomic vulnerability was suspected if socioeconomic problems were reported by the pet owners under investigation or their neighbours, as well by assessment of the socioeconomic environment of the families during home visits. Economic disadvantage was the most prevalent socioeconomic vulnerability. Cohen’s Kappa coefficients support the ability of animal welfare service professionals to detect socioeconomic vulnerability. Almost half of all families considered to have socioeconomic vulnerability had not previously participated in social programmes. In all cases involving families already being assisted by the Department of Social Assistance, pets were found to be suffering abuse. Families with socioeconomic vulnerability confirmed were included in the social programmes. These results support the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to improve the well-being of families with dogs and cats. This study can help guide the development of an interdisciplinary approach to address animal abuse cases.
Dynamics of a surface tension driven colloidal motor based on an active Janus particle encapsulated in a liquid drop
Authors: Chembai Ganesh Subramaniam , Koplik Joel , Morris Jeffrey F. , Maldarelli Charles
Published: March 2023

A colloidal motor driven by surface tension forces is theoretically designed by encapsulating an active Janus particle in a liquid drop which is immiscible in the suspending medium. The Janus particle produces an asymmetric flux of a solute species which induces surface tension gradients along the liquid–liquid interface between the drop and the surrounding fluid. The resulting Marangoni forces at the interface propel the compound drop/Janus particle system. The propulsion speeds of the motor are evaluated for a range of relative sizes and positions of the drop and the particle and across a range of transport properties of the drop and the suspending medium. It is demonstrated that the proposed design can produce higher propulsion velocities than the traditional Janus-particle-based colloidal motors propelled by neutral diffusiophoresis.
A scoping review of nutrition education interventions to improve competencies, lifestyle and dietary habits of medical students and residents
Authors: Mogre Victor , Amoore Bright Yammaha , Gaa Patience Kanyiri
Published: March 2023

We reviewed the available research and gave an overview of the effects of nutrition education interventions (NEIs) on medical students’ and residents’ knowledge of nutrition, attitudes towards nutrition care, self-efficacy, dietary practices and readiness to offer nutrition care. From 28 May through 29 June 2021, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane and ProQuest to retrieve 1807 articles. After conducting de-duplication and applying the eligibility criteria and reviewing the title and abstract, 23 papers were included. The data were descriptively and narratively synthesised, and the results were displayed as frequencies, tables and figures. Twenty-one interventions were designed to increase participants’ knowledge of nutrition-related topics, and eighteen studies found that nutrition knowledge had significantly improved post-intervention. Only four of the eleven studies that reported on attitudes about nutrition post-intervention showed a meaningful improvement. The self-efficacy of participants was examined in more than half of the included studies (n 13, 56⋅5 %), and eleven of these studies found a significant increase in the participants’ level of self-efficacy to offer nutrition care post-intervention. At the post-intervention point, seven interventions found that dietary and lifestyle habits had significantly improved. The review demonstrated the potential of NEIs to enhance participants’ dietary habits and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy. Reduced nutrition knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores during the follow-up, point to the need for more opportunities for medical students and residents to learn about nutrition after the intervention.
Difference in Contact: Early Music, Colonialism and the Archive
Authors: FOURIE WILLIAM , HAGGETT GEORGE K.
Published: March 2023

Towards the middle of 2021, the world felt like a shattered place. The fatigue of a little more than a year of social distancing was perhaps at its most acute and resuming a more immediate form of academic exchange seemed all but impossible. It was during this time that we were approached by this Journal’s then newly appointed reviews editor, Amanda Hsieh, to co-author a review article. It was an intriguing request for us both: review articles in the humanities are seldom co-authored and even more seldom by two authors with diverging backgrounds and research interests. George’s work focuses on medievalism and queer theory in contemporary opera, while William works on issues of modernism in post-apartheid South Africa. George is currently at the University of Oxford and William is at Rhodes University in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We had not written together before and neither of us had ever imagined working together. What were we to make of this request, which would require the reconciliation of so many differences, at a time when establishing the social closeness of thinking together seemed unfathomable?
From the History of Jazz in Europe towards a European History of Jazz: The International Federation of Hot Clubs (1935–6) and ‘Jazz Internationalism’
Authors: GUERPIN MARTIN
Published: March 2023

‘Hot clubs’ proliferated all over Europe and the United States during the 1930s. For a brief period (1935–6), they joined forces in an International Federation of Hot Clubs (IFHC), the main purpose of which was to link together devotees in search of American hot jazz recordings at a time when they were difficult to find and buy in Europe, since that sub-genre was less popular and commercially successful than what was then called ‘straight’ jazz. The expression ‘hot jazz’ was coined by jazz musicians at the end of the 1920s and referred to a style based on performance and improvisation rather than on the composition and performance of written parts. A founder of the Hot Club de France (HCF) in 1932, the French jazz critic Hugues Panassié was the first to establish a hierarchy between these two styles:
Music and Internationalism in Nazi Germany: Provenance and Post-War Consequences
Authors: PACE IAN
Published: March 2023

In October 1945, five months after the end of the Second World War in Europe, German critic Edmund Nick wrote the following in the American-sponsored Munich newspaper Neue Zeitung:
A pressure instrument to measure skin friction in turbulent boundary layers on smooth and non-smooth walls
Authors: Storm P.V. , Newman B.G.
Published: March 2023

A pressure instrument has been designed for the measurement of local skin friction in turbulent boundary layers on smooth and non-smooth walls. The instrument consists of three pitot tubes placed in the logarithmic mean velocity region of a turbulent boundary layer.

An instrument was built and tested in the boundary layer produced on both smooth and rough walls. The rough walls consisted of two sandpaper abrasives of sizes #40 and #24. The experiments were performed over a range of momentum thickness Reynolds numbers, Rθ, from about 5 × 103 to 18 × 103, and in a small favourable pressure gradient given by –0·0005 < (υ/ρU3τ)(dp/dx) <–0·0001. The non-dimensional equivalent sand roughness, ks+ ≡ ksUτ/υ varied from zero to approximately 85, thus spanning all three roughness regimes from smooth to fully rough. Skin friction coefficients calculated using the three tube instrument were compared to those obtained using a skin friction balance. For the smooth wall measurements, skin friction relations and Preston tubes were also used as a basis of comparison. The results were found to agree fairly well for both the smooth and non-smooth walls, and was independent of the instrument's position within the logarithmic region. However, due to measurement difficulties the scatter and uncertainty were larger for the three tube instrument than the other techniques.

Numerical smoothing of the results indicated that the agreement is expected to improve with better measurement of the pressure differences between the pitot tubes, or direct measurement of the velocity differences.
Computational modelling of shock wave/boundary layer interaction with a cell-vertex scheme and transport models of turbulence
Authors: Leschziner M. A. , Dimitriadis K. P. , Page G.
Published: March 2023

A calculation procedure for modelling the interaction between shock waves and attached or separated turbulent boundary layers is introduced. The numerical framework, applicable to general curved grids, combines cell-vertex storage, a Lax-Wendroff time-marching scheme and multigrid convergence acceleration. The main numerical ingredients of the procedure are documented in some detail, with particular emphasis placed on the inclusion of viscous and turbulence transport within the cell-vertex framework, which was originally formulated for inviscid flow. An investigation of the predictive performance of alternative transport models of turbulence has been the primary objective of the present work. Particular attention has been focused on a comparison between variants of low Reynolds number k-ε models and an algebraic variant of a Reynolds-stress transport closure in strong interaction situations, including shock-induced separation. The turbulence models are introduced, and important numerical issues affecting their stable implementation are discussed. The calculation procedure is then applied to two confined transonic flows over bumps — one incipiently and the other extensively separated (Delery Cases A and C) — and to the transonic flow around the RAE 2822 aerofoil at two angles of incidence (Cases 9 and 10). The investigation demonstrates that the eddy-viscosity models tend to seriously underestimate the strength of interaction, particularly when separation is extensive. The performance of the Reynolds-stress model is not entirely consistent across the range of conditions examined. In the case of bump flows, the model displays strong sensitivity to the shock, predicting excessive boundary layer displacement in Case A, a broadly correct separation pattern in Case C and insufficient rate of post shock recovery in both cases. The aerofoil flows are either attached or incipiently separated, and the benefits arising from Reynolds-stress modelling are modest. Neither the k-ε model nor the Reynolds-stress closure is able to return a satisfactory representation of the most challenging RAE 2822 Case 10; at least not with the recommended windtunnel corrections for freestream Mach number and angle of incidence.
Some contributions to propulsion theory—The Stream Force Theorem and applications to propulsion
Authors: Bore C. L.
Published: March 2023

After deriving the Stream Force Theorem, it is shown how this simplifies many problems of propulsion theory and makes the mathematics direct and concise. Applications discussed include forces upon ducting systems, intake entry losses, spill drag, mixing losses, errors in measuring intake losses by pitot traverse, and use of measured intake lip suction force in assessing entry losses and spill drag.
A summary of further measurements of steady and oscillatory pressures on a rectangular wing
Authors: Mabey D. G. , Welsh B. L. , Pyne C. R.
Published: March 2023

This report describes a series of steady and time dependent pressure measurements on a half-model of a rectangular wing of aspect ratio 4. The wing was mounted on a halfbody attached to a sidewall of the RAE 8 ft x 8 ft windtunnel and the tests were made at Mach numbers of 0·60, 0·70 and 0·80 with fixed transition and a Reynolds number of about 2·4 x 106 at the highest Mach number. The wing was oscillated about its mid-chord axis at four frequencies giving frequency parameters up to 0·27 at M = 0·80. The static angle of incidence was varied from -10° to + 10°; here interest is centred on angles of incidence for which the flow on the upper surface of the wing is separated.

Selected mean and oscillatory measurements are offered as a challenge to computational fluid dynamicists for this simple threedimensional configuration. The measurements are of particular interest because the transonic flows include both incipient and well developed separations.
The use of colour graphics to show streamlines in two dimensional flow
Authors: Newman S.J.
Published: March 2023

Interpreting test data or a mathematical function is often aided by plotting results in the form of contours. Many routines are available to accomplish this, but if a qualitative survey of the data is sufficient then a simple method can be employed using the basic colour screen graphics facilities found on personal computers. The principles of the method are described in this note.

To form a set of contours a base area of the function plane must be defined and the method uses the screen as this base area.
The 33rd Lanchester Lecture. Automobile aerodynamics — the effects of airflow on road, racing and record breaking cars
Authors: Stollery J. L.
Published: March 2023

Lanchester was undoubtedly a great British engineer. He died just 47 years ago, at which time the name Lanchester could be seen on the front of some motor cars, but many knew little about the great contributions that Frederick William Lanchester had made to both mechanical and aeronautical engineering.

Whether Lanchester was interested in automobile aerodynamics or not, the subject combines two of his great loves. He designed and built petrol-engined cars, and his 1898 machine won the RAC’s Gold Medal (Fig. 1). As might have been expected, the drag coefficient of this vehicle is not recorded.
Stability augmentation of a sailplane in towed flight
Authors: de Matteis G. , Tamilia W.
Published: March 2023

This study details the design of an automatic control system for a sailplane in towed flight, the principal objective of which is control the relative position of the tow-aircraft and glider, since a large vertical distance is expected to drive unstable motions of the whole system. The synthesis of the control system is based on an approximated model for the constrained sailplane. The controlled motion of the sailplane is simulated by a general dynamic model of the three bodies, namely the two aircraft and the rope. Significant numerical results are presented and discussed in order to determine the effectiveness of the stability augmentation.
Integration of high bypass ratio engines on modern transonic wings for regional aircraft
Authors: Greff E. , Becker K. , Karwin M. , Rill S.
Published: March 2023

Changing airline scenarios and aggravated congestion have led to an increasing demand for new regional aircraft which will cover ranges of more than 1500 nm and accommodate 80 to 130 passengers. These far exceed the capability of today's commuter types. In the required thrust range of 15-5-20 klb only a very limited number of older engines with high SFC is available. Recently the manufacturers have begun offering new turbofans based on modern core technology and internal mixing (long duct) with lower SFC.

The underwing turbofan installation aspects are well understood from earlier wide and narrowbody aircraft but installing a long-duct nacelle on such a small aircraft means a significant increase in interference problems which may lead to close coupling and new methods for minimisation of the mutual interference.

After a survey of installation problems on previous jet transports up to the Airbus family the state of the art of experimental and theoretical methods for interference analysis is discussed. By means of an inverse design method a local lofting change on a given wing design confined to 20% span area was derived in order to sustain the isobar pattern of the clean wing with the pod/pylon on.

The design modification was checked by means of a 3D-Euler code and verified on a large half-model in the NLR-HST wind tunnel. From the analysis of the resulting conclusions concerning the feasibility of such a lofting change, further improvements are made.
Principles of engagement on research and other collaborations between the brewing sector and research entities: the FACT Principles
Authors: Kok Frans J. , Zarnkow Martin , Sierksma Aafje
Published: March 2023

Public–private partnerships are subject to intense scrutiny. This is specifically the case for sensitive health-related topics such as alcohol consumption. The brewing sector and representatives of the scientific community therefore stressed the need for specific principles for the proper and transparent governance of research and other collaborations between the brewing sector and research entities. At a 1-day seminar, a group of scientists and representatives from the brewing and food sector reached a consensus for such principles. They adhere to the following four fundamental conditions: Freedom of research, Accessibility, Contextualisation and Transparency. The points of focus in the FACT principles are open science, meaning that the methods and results are made accessible and reusable, and relationships are clearly disclosed. Actions to be taken for dissemination and implementation of the FACT Principles are, for instance, publishing them on public websites, including them in formal research agreements, and citing them in scientific publications. Scientific journals and (research) societies are encouraged to support the FACT Principles. In conclusion, the FACT Principles provide a framework for increased transparency and control of funding-related bias in research and other collaborations between the brewing sector and research entities. Monitoring their use and evaluating their impact will help to further refine and enforce the FACT Principles in the future.
Punishment for the Coercion of Labour during the Ur III Period
Authors: Reid J. Nicholas
Published: March 2023

This article traces corporal and collective punishment in relation to the labour control of slaves and other dependent persons during the Ur III period (c.2100–2000 BCE). Slaves and other dependent persons often worked in related contexts with some overlap in treatment. Persons of different statuses could be detained and forced to work. Persons of various statuses also received rations and other benefits, but the evidence suggests that the most extreme forms of corporal punishment were reserved for slaves. This article, however, contextualizes these threats of mutilation and the death penalty, demonstrating that such punishments should be considered the exception and not the norm.
Effect of mucin on β-lactoglobulin and lactose interaction
Authors: Yılmaz Hilal
Published: March 2023

Functions of mucin, as the major macromolecular component in saliva or gastric fluids, are drawing increasing attention in the context of understanding the oral processing or digestion of dairy foods at the molecular level. This study was designed to investigate the interactions between β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-lactose, mucin-lactose and BLG-lactose-mucin at the molecular level under different temperature and pH conditions using fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with scanning electron microscopes (sem). It is the first study of its kind. There was no lactose-dependent quenching on BLG fluorophore in the range of 0–10 mM lactose concentration. On the contrary, there was a continuous increase in the fluorescence intensity of the BLG protein when the lactose concentration increased, especially at 25°C. BLG-lactose complex became thermally unstable at 37 and 45°C. Moreover, BLG exhibited a pH dependent conformational change and had higher fluorescence intensity at pH 3 than pH 6.8. The fluorescence result was in correspondence with sem images where we observed lactose crystals gathering around and on the BLG molecule, but lactose molecules could not be seen in the presence of mucin. It was anticipated that mucin molecules interacted with BLG-lactose complex via electrostatic attraction and formed an extra protective layer around the BLG molecules to avoid solvent exposure.
Rationality and Presocratic cosmology in Sophocles’ Antigone
Authors: Mackenzie Tom
Published: March 2023

Scholars have occasionally noted that the Antigone’s abundant images of polar opposition bear resemblance to the fragments of Heraclitus and his doctrine of the ‘unity of opposites’. The present essay develops this comparison and explores its implications for our interpretation of the play, presenting a test case for the value of the Presocratics in the study of Attic tragedy. It argues that Heraclitus’ surviving work provides a valuable resource for elucidating the play’s ‘cosmology’, a term here used in its anthropological sense to refer to presuppositions, rather than explicitly articulated theories, concerning the structure of the universe and humanity’s place within it. This endeavour can affect our understanding of two points of intense interpretative disagreement: the rationality of the central protagonists and the role of polar oppositions in the play. A culturally sensitive evaluation of the characters’ rationality must take account of the rules of the cosmos they inhabit. The polar oppositions hint at a regular and systematic cosmology, but its finer details are ultimately kept obscure to the audience, and only Teiresias displays a substantial understanding of this underlying framework. Heraclitus thus enriches our understanding of the epistemological predicament in which the characters find themselves.
The impact of teachers’ listening habits on how much listening activity is used in music lessons
Authors: Svalina Vesna
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to determine the importance of listening to music in relation to other music activities in teaching music in Croatian primary schools, and whether teachers’ listening habits affect how much listening activity is used in music lessons. The results showed that in the teaching of music at the primary level of education, singing is most often performed and that this activity is the most important for the classroom teachers, while listening to music is second in terms of frequency and importance. Listening to music is more important to teachers who often listen to classical music in their leisure time than teachers who listen to this music occasionally, rarely or not at all. This difference in attitudes is also statistically significant.
Understanding the effects of hand design on embodiment in virtual reality
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Huang Mengjie , Yang Rui , Wang Yiqi , Tang Xiaohang , Han Ji , Liang Hai-Ning
Published: March 2023

Understanding user perceptions of interacting with the virtual world is one of the research focuses in recent years, given the rapid proliferation of virtual reality (VR) and driven to establish the metaverse. Users can generate a familiar connection between their bodies and the virtual world by being embodied in virtual hands, and hand representations can induce users’ embodiment in VR. The sense of embodiment represents the cognitive awareness of one's manifestation and includes three subcomponents: the sense of body ownership, agency and self-location. There is insufficient evidence in the literature about the effects of hand designs on the embodiment, especially based on studying its three subcomponents. This study investigates how virtual hand designs with five realism levels influence the three subcomponents of embodiment in VR. This research employs a self-report questionnaire commonly used in the literature to assess embodiment and evaluates agency and self-location by introducing implicit methods (intentional binding and proprioceptive measurement) derived from psychology. Besides, the objective data of eye tracking is used to explore the connection between embodiment and hand designs, and classifying participants’ eye tracking data to help analyze the link between embodiment and user attention. Overall, this research makes a major contribution through a systematic exploration of users’ embodied experience in VR and offers important evidence of the effects of virtual hand designs on body ownership, agency, and self-location, respectively. In addition, this study provides a valuable reference for further investigation of embodiment through implicit and objective methods, and practical design recommendations for virtual hand design in VR applications.
Assessing the trade of Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus in the USA
Authors: Nelson S. Sunny , Shepherd Chris R.
Published: March 2023

The trade in Asian songbirds is contributing to declining populations of many species in the wild. The Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus is a popular songbird endemic to Asia that is traded both domestically and internationally. The songbird trade in the USA, particularly involving Asian songbirds, has not been well studied. We hypothesised that despite Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II regulations, Chinese Hwamei are traded illegally in the USA. We scrutinised the CITES Trade Database, US seizure and confiscation records, publicly available records, and websites to assess the imports and availability of Chinese Hwamei in the USA. Since the species was first listed in CITES Appendix II in 2000, there have been three reports of Chinese Hwamei imports into the USA, one of which included four live birds, compared with approximately 40 records of illegally imported birds. Online advertisements of Chinese Hwamei for sale show that both wild-caught and captive-bred birds are easily available. We believe this indicates that there is both legal and illegal trade of the species in the USA. Based on these findings we concluded that more research into the songbird trade, and specifically songbird trade in the USA, is warranted. We recommend additional assessments of CITES and non-CITES songbird species and encourage additional species protection when illegal trade is occurring. We also recommend that the relevant authorities in the USA better scrutinise the trade in non-native songbirds and take meaningful action against anyone found unlawfully importing and trading in illegally sourced songbirds. Finally, we recommend that the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species includes international trade as a threat to the Chinese Hwamei in order to raise concern and motivate action for this songbird.
Evolution of surgical repair of intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery with myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Kalustian Alyssa B. , Doan Tam T. , Masand Prakash , Gowda Srinath T. , Eilers Lindsay F. , Reaves-O’Neal Dana L. , Sachdeva Shagun , Qureshi Athar M. , Heinle Jeffrey , Molossi Silvana M. , Binsalamah Ziyad M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery with intraseptal course is a rare coronary anomaly associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischaemia. The role and techniques for surgical intervention are evolving, with numerous novel surgical techniques for this challenging anatomy reported in the last 5 years. We report our single-centre experience with surgical repair of intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery in the paediatric population, including clinical presentation, evaluation, and short- to mid-term outcomes.

Methods:

All patients with coronary anomalies presenting to our institution undergo standardised clinical evaluation. Five patients aged 4 to 17 years underwent surgical intervention for intraseptal anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery between 2012 and 2022. Surgical techniques included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 1), direct reimplantation with limited supra-arterial myotomy via right ventriculotomy (n = 1), and transconal supra-arterial myotomy with right ventricular outflow tract patch reconstruction (n = 3).

Results:

All patients had evidence of haemodynamically significant coronary compression, and three had evidence of inducible myocardial ischaemia pre-operatively. There were no deaths or major complications. Median follow-up was 6.1 months (range 3.1–33.4 months). Patients who underwent supra-arterial myotomy (with or without reimplantation) had improved coronary flow and perfusion based on stress imaging and catheterisation data.

Conclusions:

Surgical approaches to intraseptal anomalous left coronary artery with evidence of myocardial ischaemia continue to evolve, with new techniques demonstrating promising improvement in coronary perfusion. Further studies are warranted to determine long-term outcomes and refine indications for repair.
KEYNES, RAMSEY, AND PRAGMATISM
Authors: Gerrard Bill
Published: March 2023

In his recent paper in this journal, Bradley Bateman (2021) breaks with the “standard view” of Frank Ramsey’s influence on Jahn Maynard Keynes and argues that Ramsey’s pragmatist philosophical thought underpinned both Keynes’s acceptance of Ramsey’s subjective theory of probability and Keynes’s adoption of a narrative theory of the role of confidence in economic fluctuations in the General Theory. In this paper it is argued that Bateman is right both in emphasizing the influence of Ramsey’s pragmatist philosophy on Keynes’s thought during the development of the General Theory and afterwards and in arguing that the influence of Ramsey’s pragmatist philosophy partly explains Keynes’s emphasis on the importance of the state of confidence in Chapter 12 of the General Theory. However, it is argued that Ramsey’s pragmatist philosophy had a much greater influence on Keynes than acknowledged by Bateman. Furthermore, contra Bateman, Keynes’s move to a more pragmatist philosophical position does not imply that Keynes accepted Ramsey’s subjective theory of (measurable) probability.
“Don’t Put Color in Your Hair, Don’t Do This, Don’t Do That”: Canadian Mayors’ Mixed Gender Performance on Social Media
Authors: Sullivan Katherine V. R.
Published: March 2023

Although mayors can have important impacts on citizens’ daily lives, local politics remains understudied, especially compared with national and regional politics. This study focuses on Canadian mayors’ digital political gender performance—or self-presentation—on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram and the context in which this gendered performance arises. Overall, results confirm that mayors’ gendered performances are on a continuum rather than binary. Results from a visual content analysis of nine Canadian mayors’ social media accounts show that, broadly speaking, women mayors gravitate toward congruent, mixed gendered performances and avoidance strategies, whereas men mayors also display mixed performance of their gender, while more freely exploring congruent and incongruent approaches to gendered stereotypes. Additionally, semistructured interviews with these mayors show that women mayors still work under added constraints because of their gender, which translates into comments on their appearance, attitude, and lifestyle choices; increased aggression and lack of respect; and a generally greater mental load.
Phase Shifts of the PDO and AMO Alter the Translation Distance of Global Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Wang Licheng , Gu Xihui , Slater Louise J. , Li Jianfeng , Kong Dongdong , Zhang Xiang , Liu Jianyu
Published: March 2023

Recent decadal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) frequency since the mid‐1990s have been widely reported; however, it is unclear whether there have also been any changes in TC translation distance. Here, we show that long‐term decrease in global TC translation distance during 1975–2020 is caused by an abrupt change point around the year 1997. This change point marks a switch between an increasing translation distance during 1975–1997 and decreasing translation distance during 1998–2020. The shift in TC translation distance is attributed to changes in the distance between the location of TC genesis and land, and the percentage of landfalling TCs to all TCs, which is driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phase switch in the mid‐1990s. In the last 20 years, the cool, La Niña‐like sea surface temperatures (SST) during the PDO negative phase and the warm SST pattern during the AMO positive phase have enhanced the genesis potential index and the potential intensity in offshore areas, resulting in greater TC genesis landward. Phase shifts of PDO and AMO modulate environmental conditions, regulating TC genesis location and landfall frequency, and their combined effects on the translation distance of Pacific TCs. The warm SST anomalies during the AMO positive phase enhance these circulation patterns in two possible ways: via the Indian Ocean and the subtropical eastern Pacific relaying effects at a multidecadal timescale. Our findings suggest that the PDO and AMO act as key pacemakers for decadal changes in global TC translation distance.
Interdecadal Shift in Dipole Pattern Precipitation Trends Over the Tibetan Plateau: Roles of Local Vortices
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe
Published: March 2023

Trends of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are characterized by a north‐south dipole pattern, and the role of local mesoscale systems, TP vortices (TPVs), remains ambiguous. This work reports that the north‐south dipole pattern trends in the TPVs‐associated precipitation have experienced an interdecadal shift in the last two decades, that is, increases in northern TP and decreases in southern TP first and then varies opposite trends, which greatly contributes to the similar interdecadal shift in TP precipitation trends. Furthermore, the causes of changes in TPV frequency are explored from the perspective of lower troposphere conditions. We find that the lower‐level winds, that is, zonal winds over the TP and meridional winds across the northwestern TP boundary, are responsible for the regionally different variations in TPV frequency. The variations in Indian Ocean Dipole are suggested to contribute to the changes in lower‐level winds over the TP.
Harmonic Structure of Lower Hybrid Waves Driven by Energetic Ions at 4000 km Altitude: PIC Simulation
Authors: Kotani T. , Toida M. , Moritaka T. , Taguchi S.
Published: March 2023

Past satellite observations in the polar region at about 4,000 km altitude have reported lower hybrid waves (LHWs) and their harmonics, but the excitation mechanism of the harmonic LHWs has not yet been clarified. We perform one‐dimensional, electromagnetic, full particle‐in‐cell simulations by setting parameter values in the ranges observed by the satellite. The results from the two runs, that is, for ωpe/Ωe = 0.1 and 0.2, show that the energetic ions can generate the harmonic LHWs in both cases. However, in the former case, more harmonic LHWs with larger amplitudes are created and stronger background‐ion acceleration is observed. Thus, our present simulations have solved a previously unsolved problem, revealing the possibility that harmonic LHWs are involved in ion acceleration phenomena commonly observed in the polar region, such as ion outflow.
First Observations of CH4 and Spatially Resolved Emission Layers at Jupiter Equator, as Seen by JIRAM/Juno
Authors: Migliorini A. , Dinelli B. M. , Castagnoli C. , Moriconi M. L. , Altieri F. , Atreya S. , Adriani A. , Mura A. , Tosi F. , Moirano A. , Piccioni G. , Grassi D. , Sordini R. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Bolton S. J. , Sindoni G. , Plainaki C. , Olivieri A.
Published: March 2023

In this work, we present the detection of CH4 and emissions in the equatorial atmosphere of Jupiter as two well‐separated layers located, respectively, at tangent altitudes of about 200 and 500–600 km above the 1‐bar level using the observations of the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), on board Juno. This provides details of the vertical distribution of retrieving its Volume Mixing Ratio (VMR), concentration, and temperature. The thermal profile obtained from shows a peak of 600–800 K at about 550 km, with lower values than the ones reported in Seiff et al. (1998), https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01766 above 500 km using VMR and temperature as free parameters and above 650 km when VMR is kept fixed with that model in the retrieval procedure. The observed deviations from the Galileo's profile could potentially point to significant variability in the exospheric temperature with time. We suggest that vertically propagating waves are the most likely explanation for the observed VMR and temperature variations in the JIRAM data. Other possible phenomena could explain the observed evidence, for example, dynamic activity driving chemical species from lower layers toward the upper atmosphere, like the advection‐diffusion processes, or precipitation by soft electrons, although better modeling is required to test these hypothesis. The characterization of CH4 and species, simultaneously observed by JIRAM, offers the opportunity for better constraining atmospheric models of Jupiter at equatorial latitudes.
Photosynthetic Performance of Tidally Flooded Spartina Alterniflora Salt Marshes
Authors: Mao Lishen , Mishra Deepak R. , Hawman Peter A. , Narron Caroline R. , O’Connell Jessica L. , Cotten David L.
Published: March 2023

Spartina alterniflora has a distinct flood‐adapted morphology, and its physiological responses are likely to vary with differences in tidal submergence. To understand these responses, we examined the impacts of tidal inundation on the efficiency of Photosystem II (φPSII) photochemistry and leaf‐level photosynthesis at different canopy heights through a combination of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), incident photosynthetically active radiation, and tide levels. Our result showed small declines (7%–8.3%) in φPSII for air‐exposed leaves when the bottom canopies were tidally submerged. Submerged leaves produced large reductions (30.3%–41%) in φPSII. Our results suggest that when submerged, PSII reaction centers in S. alterniflora leaves are still active and able to transfer electrons, but only at ∼20% of the typical daily rate. We attribute this reduction in φPSII to the decrease in the fraction of “open” PSII reaction centers (10% of the total) and the stomatal conductance rate caused by the tidal submergence. To our knowledge, this flooding induced leaf‐level reduction of φPSII for S. alterniflora in field settings has not been reported before. Our findings suggest that canopy‐level φPSII is dependent on the proportion of submerged versus emerged leaves and highlight the complexities involved in estimating the photosynthetic efficiency of tidal marshes.
Advecting Superspecies: Efficiently Modeling Transport of Organic Aerosol With a Mass‐Conserving Dimensionality Reduction Method
Authors: Sturm Patrick Obin , Manders Astrid , Janssen Ruud , Segers Arjo , Wexler Anthony S. , Lin Hai Xiang
Published: March 2023

The chemical transport model LOTOS‐EUROS uses a volatility basis set (VBS) approach to represent the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. Inclusion of the VBS approximately doubles the dimensionality of LOTOS‐EUROS and slows computation of the advection operator by a factor of two. This complexity limits SOA representation in operational forecasts. We develop a mass‐conserving dimensionality reduction method based on matrix factorization to find latent patterns in the VBS tracers that correspond to a smaller set of superspecies. Tracers are reversibly compressed to superspecies before transport, and the superspecies are subsequently decompressed to tracers for process‐based SOA modeling. This physically interpretable data‐driven method conserves the total concentration and phase of the tracers throughout the process. The superspecies approach is implemented in LOTOS‐EUROS and found to accelerate the advection operator by a factor of 1.5–1.8. Concentrations remain numerically stable over model simulation times of 2 weeks, including simulations at higher spatial resolutions than the data‐driven models were trained on. The reversible compression of VBS tracers enables detailed, process‐based SOA representation in LOTOS‐EUROS operational forecasts in a computationally efficient manner. Beyond this case study, the physically consistent data‐driven approach developed in this work enforces conservation laws that are essential to other Earth system modeling applications, and generalizes to other processes where computational benefit can be gained from a two‐way mapping between detailed process variables and their representation in a reduced‐dimensional space.
Ras protein abundance correlates with Ras isoform mutation patterns in cancer
Authors: Hood Fiona E. , Sahraoui Yasmina M. , Jenkins Rosalind E. , Prior Ian A.
Published: March 2023

Activating mutations of Ras genes are often observed in cancer. The protein products of the three Ras genes are almost identical. However, for reasons that remain unclear, KRAS is far more frequently mutated than the other Ras isoforms in cancer and RASopathies. We have quantified HRAS, NRAS, KRAS4A and KRAS4B protein abundance across a large panel of cell lines and healthy tissues. We observe consistent patterns of KRAS > NRAS»HRAS protein expression in cells that correlate with the rank order of Ras mutation frequencies in cancer. Our data provide support for the model of a sweet-spot of Ras dosage mediating isoform-specific contributions to cancer and development. We suggest that in most cases, being the most abundant Ras isoform correlates with occupying the sweet-spot and that HRAS and NRAS expression is usually insufficient to promote oncogenesis when mutated. However, our results challenge the notion that rare codons mechanistically underpin the predominance of KRAS mutant cancers. Finally, direct measurement of mutant versus wildtype KRAS protein abundance revealed a frequent imbalance that may suggest additional non-gene duplication mechanisms for optimizing oncogenic Ras dosage.
Targeting TACC3 represents a novel vulnerability in highly aggressive breast cancers with centrosome amplification
Authors: Saatci Ozge , Akbulut Ozge , Cetin Metin , Sikirzhytski Vitali , Uner Meral , Lengerli Deniz , O’Quinn Elizabeth C. , Romeo Martin J. , Caliskan Burcu , Banoglu Erden , Aksoy Sercan , Uner Aysegul , Sahin Ozgur
Published: March 2023

Centrosome amplification (CA) is a hallmark of cancer that is strongly associated with highly aggressive disease and worse clinical outcome. Clustering extra centrosomes is a major coping mechanism required for faithful mitosis of cancer cells with CA that would otherwise undergo mitotic catastrophe and cell death. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully described. Furthermore, little is known about the processes and players triggering aggressiveness of cells with CA beyond mitosis. Here, we identified Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil Containing Protein 3 (TACC3) to be overexpressed in tumors with CA, and its high expression is associated with dramatically worse clinical outcome. We demonstrated, for the first time, that TACC3 forms distinct functional interactomes regulating different processes in mitosis and interphase to ensure proliferation and survival of cancer cells with CA. Mitotic TACC3 interacts with the Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1) to cluster extra centrosomes for mitotic progression, and inhibition of this interaction leads to mitotic cell death via multipolar spindle formation. Interphase TACC3 interacts with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex (HDAC2 and MBD2) in nucleus to inhibit the expression of key tumor suppressors (e.g., p21, p16 and APAF1) driving G1/S progression, and its inhibition blocks these interactions and causes p53-independent G1 arrest and apoptosis. Notably, inducing CA by p53 loss/mutation increases the expression of TACC3 and KIFC1 via FOXM1 and renders cancer cells highly sensitive to TACC3 inhibition. Targeting TACC3 by guide RNAs or small molecule inhibitors strongly inhibits growth of organoids and breast cancer cell line- and patient-derived xenografts with CA by induction of multipolar spindles, mitotic and G1 arrest. Altogether, our results show that TACC3 is a multifunctional driver of highly aggressive breast tumors with CA and that targeting TACC3 is a promising approach to tackle this disease.