bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation: the decisive role of aerosol liquid water
Authors: Xie Fei , Su Yue , Tian Yongli , Shi Yanju , Zhou Xingjun , Wang Peng , Yu Ruihong , Wang Wei , He Jiang , Xin Jinyuan , Lü Changwei
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Although many considerable efforts have been done to reveal the driving
factors on haze aggravation, however, the roles of aerosol liquid water (ALW) in secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) formation were mainly focused on the condition of aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) < 100 µg m−3. Based on the in situ high-resolution field observations, this work studied the decisive roles and the shifting of secondary inorganic aerosol formation mechanisms during haze aggravation, revealing the different roles of ALWC on a broader scale (∼500 µg m−3) in nitrate and sulfate formation induced by aqueous chemistry in the ammonia-rich atmosphere. The results showed that chemical domains of perturbation gas limiting the generation of secondary particulate matter presented obvious shifts from a HNO3-sensitive to a HNO3- and NH3-co-sensitive regime with the haze aggravation, indicating the powerful driving effects of ammonia in the ammonia-rich atmosphere. When ALWC < 75 µg m−3, the sulfate generation was preferentially triggered by the high ammonia utilization and then accelerated by nitrogen oxide oxidation from clean to moderate pollution stages, characterized by nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) < 0.3, sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) < 0.4, ammonia transition ratio (NTR) < 0.7 and the moral ratio of NO3-/SO42-=2:1. When ALWC > 75 µg m−3, the aqueous-phase chemistry reaction of SO2 and NH3 in ALW became the prerequisite for SIA formation driven by Henry's law in the ammonia-rich atmosphere during heavy and serious stages, characterized by high SOR (0.5–0.9), NOR (0.3–0.5) and NTR (>0.7), as well as the high moral ratio of NO3-/SO42-=1:1. A positive feedback of sulfate on nitrate production was also observed in this work due to the shift in ammonia partitioning induced by the ALWC variation during haze aggravation. It implies the target controlling of haze should not simply focus on SO2 and NO2, but more attention should be paid to gaseous precursors (e.g., SO2, NO2, NH3) and aerosol chemical constitution during different haze stages.
Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019
Authors: Zhai Tianyu , Lu Keding , Wang Haichao , Lou Shengrong , Chen Xiaorui , Hu Renzhi , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Particulate nitrate (NO3-) is one of the dominant components of fine particles in China, especially during pollution episodes,
and has a significant impact on human health, air quality, and climate. Here
a comprehensive field campaign that focuses on the atmospheric oxidation
capacity and aerosol formation and their effects in the Yangtze River Delta
(YRD) was conducted from May to June 2019 at a regional site in Changzhou,
Jiangsu Province in China. The concentrations of NO3-, OH radicals, N2O5, NO2, O3, and relevant parameters were measured simultaneously. We showed a high NO3- mass concentration with
10.6 ± 8.9 µg m−3 on average, which accounted for 38.3 % of total water-soluble particulate components and 32.0 % of total
PM2.5, followed by the proportion of sulfate, ammonium, and chloride by
26.0 %, 18.0 %, and 2.0 %, respectively. This result confirmed that
the heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China happened not only in winter, but also in summer. This study's high nitrate oxidation ratio (NOR)
emphasized the solid atmospheric oxidation and fast nitrate formation
capacity in the YRD. It was found that OH + NO2 during daytime dominated nitrate formation on clean days, while N2O5 hydrolysis vastly
enhanced and became comparable with that of OH + NO2 during polluted
days (67.2 % and 30.2 %, respectively). The updated observed-constraint Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) was used to assess the kinetic
controlling factors of both local O3 and NO3- productions,
which indicated that the O3-targeted scheme (VOCs : NOx = 2:1)
is adequate for mitigating the O3 and nitrate pollution coordinately during summertime in this region. Our results promote the understanding of
nitrate pollution mechanisms and mitigation based on field observation and
model simulation and call for more attention to nitrate pollution in the
summertime.
Performance of AIRS ozone retrieval over the central Himalayas: use of ozonesonde and other satellite datasets
Authors: Rawat Prajjwal , Naja Manish , Fishbein Evan , Thapliyal Pradeep K. , Kumar Rajesh , Bhardwaj Piyush , Jaiswal Aditya , Tiwari Sugriva N. , Venkataramani Sethuraman , Lal Shyam
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Data from 242 ozonesondes launched from ARIES, Nainital (29.40∘ N, 79.50∘ E; 1793 m elevation), are used to evaluate the Atmospheric
Infrared Sounder (AIRS) version 6 ozone profiles and total column ozone
during the period 2011–2017 over the central Himalayas. The AIRS ozone
products are analysed in terms of retrieval sensitivity, retrieval
biases/errors, and ability to retrieve the natural variability in columnar
ozone, which has not been done so far from the Himalayan region, having
complex topography. For a direct comparison, averaging kernel information
is used to account for the sensitivity difference between the AIRS and
ozonesonde data. We show that AIRS has more minor differences from ozonesondes in
the lower and middle troposphere and stratosphere with nominal
underestimations of less than 20 %. However, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), we observe a considerable overestimation of the magnitude, as high as 102 %. The weighted statistical error analysis of AIRS ozone shows a higher positive bias and standard deviation in the upper troposphere of about 65 % and 25 %, respectively. Similarly to AIRS, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Cross-track Infrared
Sounder (CrIS) are also able to produce ozone peak altitudes and gradients
successfully. However, the statistical errors are again higher in the UTLS
region, which are likely related to larger variability in ozone, lower ozone
partial pressure, and inadequate retrieval information on the surface
parameters. Furthermore, AIRS fails to capture the monthly variation in the
total column ozone, with a strong bimodal variation, unlike unimodal
variation seen in ozonesondes and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). In
contrast, the UTLS and the tropospheric ozone columns are in reasonable
agreement. Increases in the ozone values of 5 %–20 % after biomass burning
and during events of downward transport are captured well by AIRS. Ozone
radiative forcing (RF) derived from total column ozone using ozonesonde
data (4.86 mW m−2) matches well with OMI (4.04 mW m−2), while
significant RF underestimation is seen in AIRS (2.96 mW m−2). The
fragile and complex landscapes of the Himalayas are more sensitive to global climate change, and establishing such biases and error analysis of
space-borne sensors will help us study the long-term trends and estimate
accurate radiative budgets.
Recently fixed carbon fuels microbial activity several meters below the soil surface
Authors: Scheibe Andrea , Sierra Carlos A. , Spohn Marie
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The deep soil, >1 m, harbors a substantial share
of the global microbial biomass. Currently, it is not known whether
microbial activity several meters below the surface is fueled by recently
fixed carbon or by old carbon that persisted in soil for several hundred
years. Understanding the carbon source of microbial activity in deep soil is
important to identify the drivers of biotic processes in the critical zone.
Therefore, we explored carbon cycling in soils in three climate zones (arid,
mediterranean, and humid) of the Coastal Cordillera of Chile down to a depth
of 6 m, using carbon isotopes. Specifically, we determined the
13C : 12C ratio (δ13C) of soil and roots and the
14C : 12C ratio (Δ14C) of soil organic carbon and
CO2–C respired by microorganisms. We found that the Δ14C
of the respired CO2–C was significantly higher than that of the soil
organic carbon in all soils. Further, we found that the δ13C of
the soil organic carbon changed only in the upper decimeters (by less than 6 ‰). Our results show that microbial activity several
meters below the soil surface is mostly fueled by recently fixed carbon that
is on average much younger than the total soil organic carbon present in the
respective soil depth increments, in all three climate zones. Further, our
results indicate that most decomposition that leads to enrichment of
13C occurs in the upper decimeters of the soils, which is possibly due
to stabilization of organic carbon in the deep soil. In conclusion, our
study demonstrates that microbial processes in the deep soil several meters
below the surface are closely tied to input of recently fixed carbon.
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Li Muyi , Cao Sen , Zhu Zaichun
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Global products of remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are critical to assessing the vegetation dynamic and its impacts and feedbacks on climate change from local to global scales. The previous versions of the Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI product derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) provide global biweekly NDVI data starting from the 1980s, being a reliable long-term NDVI time series that has been widely applied in Earth and environmental sciences. However, the GIMMS NDVI products have several limitations (e.g., orbital drift and sensor degradation) and cannot provide continuous data for the future. In this study, we presented a machine learning model that employed massive high-quality and global-wide Landsat NDVI samples and a data consolidation method to generate a new version of the GIMMS NDVI product, i.e., PKU GIMMS NDVI (1982−2020), based on AVHRR and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. A total of 3.6 million Landsat NDVI samples that well spread across the globe were extracted for vegetation biomes in all seasons. The PKU GIMMS NDVI exhibits higher accuracy than its predecessor (GIMMS NDVI3g) in terms of R2 (0.975 over 0.942), mean absolute error (MAE: 0.033 over 0.074), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE: 9 % over 20 %). Notably, PKU GIMMS NDVI effectively eliminates the evident orbital drift and sensor degradation effects in tropical areas. The consolidated PKU GIMMS NDVI has a high temporal consistency with MODIS NDVI in describing vegetation trends (R2 = 0.962, MAE = 0.032, and MAPE = 6.5 %). The PKU GIMMS NDVI product can potentially provide a more solid data basis for global change studies. The theoretical framework that employs Landsat data samples can facilitate the generation of remote sensing products for other land surface parameters.
An extensive database of airborne trace gas and meteorological observations from the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX)
Authors: Yates Emma L. , Iraci Laura T. , Kulawik Susan S. , Ryoo Ju-Mee , Marrero Josette E. , Parworth Caroline L. , St. Clair Jason M. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Bui Thao Paul V. , Chang Cecilia S. , Dean-Day Jonathan M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) flew scientific flights between 2011 and 2018 providing measurements of trace gas species and meteorological parameters over California and Nevada, USA. This paper describes the observations made by the AJAX program over 229 flights and approximately 450 hours of flying. AJAX was a multi-year, multi-objective, multi-instrument program with a variety of sampling strategies resulting in an extensive dataset of interest to a wide variety of users. Some of the more common flight objectives include satellite calibration/validation (GOSAT, OCO-2, TROPOMI) at Railroad Valley and other locations, and long-term observations of free-troposphere and boundary layer ozone allowing for studies of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and long-range transport to the western United States. AJAX also performed topical studies such as sampling wildfire emissions, urban outflow, and atmospheric rivers. Airborne measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, formaldehyde, water vapor, temperature, pressure, and 3-D winds made by the AJAX program have been published at NASA’s Airborne Science Data Center.
GC Insights: Nature stripes for raising engagement with biodiversity loss
Authors: Richardson Miles
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Globally, there has been a stark decline in biodiversity since 1970, yet climate change receives far greater attention. The “warming stripes” have shown the power of very simple graphical visualisations of data for communicating with broad audiences. The “nature stripes” show how biodiversity data can also be presented in a similar way for a positive effect.
Multifidelity Monte Carlo estimation for efficient uncertainty quantification in climate-related modeling
Authors: Gruber Anthony , Gunzburger Max , Ju Lili , Lan Rihui , Wang Zhu
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Uncertainties in an output of interest that depends on the solution of a complex system (e.g., of partial differential equations with random inputs) are often, if not nearly ubiquitously, determined in practice using Monte Carlo (MC) estimation. While simple to implement, MC estimation fails to provide reliable information about statistical quantities (such as the expected value of the output of interest) in application settings such as climate modeling, for which obtaining a single realization of the output of interest is a costly endeavor. Specifically, the dilemma encountered is that many samples of the output of interest have to be collected in order to obtain an MC estimator that has sufficient accuracy – so many, in fact, that the available computational budget is not large enough to effect the number of samples needed. To circumvent this dilemma, we consider using multifidelity Monte Carlo (MFMC) estimation which leverages the use of less costly and less accurate surrogate models (such as coarser grids, reduced-order models, simplified physics, and/or interpolants) to achieve, for the same computational budget, higher accuracy compared to that obtained by an MC estimator – or, looking at it another way, an MFMC estimator obtains the same accuracy as the MC estimator at lower computational cost. The key to the efficacy of MFMC estimation is the fact that most of the required computational budget is loaded onto the less costly surrogate models so that very few samples are taken of the more expensive model of interest. We first provide a more detailed discussion about the need to consider an alternative to MC estimation for uncertainty quantification. Subsequently, we present a review, in an abstract setting, of the MFMC approach along with its application to three climate-related benchmark problems as a proof-of-concept exercise.
Technical note: Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters: effect of sub-daily atmospheric variations and eventual depletion of heavy isotopes
Authors: Gallart Francesc , González-Fuentes Sebastián , Llorens Pilar
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters has been studied constantly in recent decades, particularly because it enables calculation of both the volume of water evaporated from a water body and the isotopic composition of its source water. We studied the stable water isotopy of an artificial pan filled with water in a sub-humid environment, in order to put into practice an operational method for estimating the time since disconnection of riverine pools when these are sampled for the quality of aquatic life. Results indicate that: (i) when about 70 % of pan water had evaporated and its isotopy became enriched in heavy isotopes, some subsequent periods of depletion instead of enrichment happened, and (ii) the customary application of isotopic fractionation equations to determine the isotopic composition of the water in the pan using weekly averaged atmospheric conditions (temperature and relative humidity) strongly underestimated the changes observed, but predicted an early depletion of heavy isotopes. The first result, rarely reported in the literature, was found to be fully consistent with the early studies of the isotopy of evaporating waters. The second one could be attributed to that weekly averages of temperature and relative humidity strongly overestimated air relative humidity during daylight periods of active evaporation. However, when the fractionation equations were parameterized using temperature and relative humidity weighted by potential evapotranspiration at sub-hourly time steps, they adequately reproduced the observed isotopic composition of the water in the pan, including the late periods of heavy isotope depletion. Our results should be taken into account when fractionation equations are applied in areas with relatively humid climates.
History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 1: Potsdam
Authors: Linthe Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The measurement series of the three geomagnetic observatories Potsdam, Seddin
and Niemegk spans more than 130 years, starting in 1890. It is one of
the longest, almost uninterrupted series of recordings of the Earth's
magnetic field. Data users frequently emphasise the high quality of the data and their significance for geomagnetic base research. Very well known
outstanding geomagnetism scientists, such as Max Eschenhagen, Adolf Schmidt,
Julius Bartels, Gerhard Fanselau and Horst Wiese, directed the observatories
during their existence. This paper describes the history of the Potsdam
Observatory, which was in operation from 1890 until 1928.
Quantifying the potential benefits of risk-mitigation strategies on future flood losses in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Mesta Carlos , Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Flood risk is expected to increase in many regions
worldwide due to rapid urbanization and climate change if adequate
risk-mitigation (or climate-change-adaptation) measures are not implemented. However, the exact benefits of these measures remain unknown or inadequately quantified for potential future events in some flood-prone areas such as Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, which this paper addresses. This study examines the present (2021) and future (2031) flood risk in Kathmandu Valley, considering two flood occurrence cases (with 100-year and 1000-year mean return periods) and using four residential exposure inventories representing the current urban system (Scenario A) or near-future development trajectories (Scenarios B, C, D) that Kathmandu Valley could experience. The findings reveal
substantial mean absolute financial losses (EUR 473 million and
775 million in repair and reconstruction costs) and mean loss ratios
(2.8 % and 4.5 %) for the respective flood occurrence cases in current times if the building stock's quality is assumed to have remained the same as in 2011 (Scenario A). Under a “no change” pathway for 2031 (Scenario B), where the vulnerability of the expanding building stock remains the same as in 2011, mean absolute financial losses would increase by 14 %–16 % over those of Scenario A. However, a minimum (0.20 m) elevation of existing
residential buildings located in the floodplains and the implementation of
flood-hazard-informed land-use planning for 2031 (Scenario C) could decrease the mean absolute financial losses of the flooding occurrences by
9 %–13 % and the corresponding mean loss ratios by 23 %–27 %,
relative to those of Scenario A. Moreover, an additional improvement of the
building stock's vulnerability that accounts for the multi-hazard-prone
nature of the valley (by means of structural retrofitting and building code
enforcement) for 2031 (Scenario D) could further decrease the mean loss
ratios by 24 %–28 % relative to those of Scenario A. The largest mean loss ratios computed in the four scenarios are consistently associated with populations of the highest incomes, which are largely located in the
floodplains. In contrast, the most significant benefits of risk mitigation
(i.e., largest reduction in mean absolute financial losses or mean loss
ratios between scenarios) are experienced by populations of the lowest
incomes. This paper's main findings can inform decision makers about the
benefits of investing in forward-looking multi-hazard risk-mitigation
efforts.
Climatology and surface impacts of atmospheric rivers on West Antarctica
Authors: Maclennan Michelle L. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Shields Christine A. , Hoffman Andrew O. , Wever Nander , Thompson-Munson Megan , Winters Andrew C. , Pettit Erin C. , Scambos Theodore A. , Wille Jonathan D.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) transport large amounts of moisture from the mid- to high-latitudes and they are a primary driver of the most extreme
snowfall events, along with surface melting, in Antarctica. In this study, we characterize the climatology and surface impacts of ARs on West
Antarctica, focusing on the Amundsen Sea Embayment and Marie Byrd Land. First, we develop a climatology of ARs in this region, using an
Antarctic-specific AR detection tool combined with the
Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalyses. We find that while ARs are infrequent (occurring 3 % of the time), they cause intense precipitation in short periods of time and account for 11 % of the annual surface accumulation. They are driven by the coupling of a blocking high over the Antarctic Peninsula with a low-pressure system known as the Amundsen Sea Low. Next, we use observations from automatic weather stations on Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf with the firn model SNOWPACK and interferometric reflectometry (IR) to examine a case study of three ARs that made landfall in rapid succession from 2 to 8 February 2020, known as an AR family event. While accumulation dominates the surface impacts of the event on Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (> 100 kg m−2 or millimeters water equivalent), we find small amounts of surface melt as well (< 5 kg m−2). The results presented here enable us to quantify the past impacts of ARs on West Antarctica's surface mass balance (SMB) and characterize their interannual variability and trends, enabling a better assessment of future AR-driven changes in the SMB.
Biodegradability of Laundry Detergent Surfactants
Authors: Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Mishra Anuradha , Gupta Anjali , Yadav Alpa
Published: February 2023

The use of surfactants is increasing day by day. The byproducts of surfactants harm our atmosphere. Biodegradable surfactants are displacing conventional soaps and surfactants to control the harmful effects of uses of surfactants. This review paper describes the biodegradability of laundry surfactants. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the biodegradability of different type of surfactants approved by analytical data. This paper also discusses different analytical methods to tests the biodegradability of surfactants
A 0.18μm Low Power, High Speed Ternary Content Addressable Memory
Authors: Gupta Ankaj , Gambhir Ankit
Published: February 2023

Ternary content addressable memory or associative memory have their primary application in Network Router. In today’s all web based search engine TCAM memory is employed. But power consumption is a major issue with a TCAM. In this paper a lowpower ternary content addressable having very low leakage is proposed. Simulation results shows upto 30% reduction in power. The circuit has been deesigned and implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The circuit dissipated a maximum 10.5 nW of power and is suitable for low power application.
The Analysis of the Throttle Body of the Intake System in the Engine through CFD
Authors: Xu ChangChun , Chauhan Bhupendra Singh , Cho Haeng Muk
Published: February 2023

In the Spark ignition engine, in order to improve the air intake power and intake fuel efficiency, we use the important device of the intake system is Throttle Body. The amount of the air entering the engine is controlled by the Throttle Body. However, the throttle body could control the air stream, restriction the air flow into the engine. We could through the device to control the air flow to make different Equivalent ratios in the Spark ignition engine. Through this method can find the best position of the throttle valve angle to improve the engine performance to decrease the exhaust emission. For this reason, we can find the best position of the throttle angle through the analysis program that is ANSYS Fluent.
Study of Concentrated Solar Power and their Application in Metro Stations
Authors: Singh Hukam , Singh Shailesh Kumar , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , M. S. Rangnath
Published: February 2023

The inadequate supply and the shortage of water has been taken centre stage in recent times. High expansion of population coupled with rapid industrial development in Indian subcontinent resulted in shortage of clean drinking water for people living in rural areas and remote villages especially in desert. Main components of concentrated solar power can be used in the form transparent cover, Absorber Plate, Heat transport system including fluid and Insulating Material. Besides these, tilt angle and direction with respect to Sun is also very important. Different materials available for all these components must be compared for their properties and configurations in various designs. Present study is review of various component material options improvement techniques. Current study deals with the concentrated solar power application with a case study in a metro station.
Gap Analysis of Value Stream Mapping Tool Implementation in Manufacturing Operation using Fuzzy Topsis
Authors: Sachdeva Kamal , Kumar Vasu , Chaudhary AKS
Published: February 2023

In today’s world, technology plays a vital role demanding productivity improvements, downtime reduction in manufacturing operations industry. Depending upon the strategy and lean methodology organizations follow and apply VSM and JIT in their respective fields. The present research work discusses the methodology to determine the gap analysis of VSM tool implementation in manufacturing operation in a different set of companies using fuzzy topsis. The algorithm and methodology determines the prioritization of various factors that can and will play an important role in implementation of VSM Tool across different organizations. The methodology will determine the ranking of organization based on the closeness coefficient. ysis.
Mechanical and Micro structural Effect of Ultrasonic Welding: Review
Authors: Rajput Abhishek , Panchal Arun , Butola Ravi , Kumar Jitendra
Published: February 2023

Different aspects of Ultrasonic welding is studied, ultrasonic spot welding is widely used under special cases of dissimilar elements, it is a much more efficient, less time consuming and an alternate for Friction stir spot welding(FSSW), ultrasonic spot welded joints are studied for different aspects. Thermal measurements at the interface of ultrasonic spot welding is studied, mechanical performance and grain structure is studied with EBSD examinations. Mechanical properties of Ultrasonicassisted underwater wet welding joints are studied such as bending testing and hardness distribution. Ultrasonic spot welding of Mg alloys and Tin-alloys and temperature measurement at weld interface. A series of ultrasonic spot welding experiments of Mg alloys are studied for weld quality, weld strength and fracture morphologies. A review is done on these following observations studied on Ultrasonic Welding and its various aspects.
Finite Difference Solver for Couette Flow with Applied Pressure Gradients
Authors: Mathur Mrudang , Jajal Nehal Amit , Singh Raj Kumar
Published: February 2023

A finite difference scheme was used to obtain solutions to a two dimensional CouetteFlow problem with applied pressure gradients. The solution to the non dimensionalizedCouette Flow problem was then obtained via Implicit methods and the results were subsequently validated with the analytical solution of the same problem. Finite difference scheme used returned satisfactory results under varying input conditions and was successfully validated on the Couette Flow problem through comparison with the analytical solution.
A Study of Active Brake System of Automobile
Authors: Lal Roop , Singh R. C. , Sharma Vaibhav , Jain Vaibhav
Published: February 2023

There are many situations where the driver’s response is not fast enough to apply brakes to stop and control the vehicle during emergency. So in such cases, there is an urgent need for an active brake system. Brake assist is an active vehicle safety feature designed not only to help drivers come to a stop more quickly during an episode of emergency braking but it automatically applies brakes in case the car in front of car comes too close. There are many sensors along with camera which continuously determines the speed of car in front of our car .If both cars come too close to each other, then brake assist first warns the driver and then apply 20% to 40% of braking capacity automatically and if still driver does not respond it activates emergency brake assist which applies 100% of braking power .During this ABS and EBD (sometimes ESC and TRACTION CONTROL) also comes into play which provides easy manoeuvre control to driver over vehicle.
Thermodynamic Analysis on Steam Injected Gas Turbine cycle
Authors: Kumar P. V. Ram , Misra R. S.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents thermodynamic methodology for the performance evaluation of steam injected gas turbine(STIG) cycle. The effects of pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and specific mass flow rate of steam per kg of air used in the thermodynamic analysis of steam injected gas turbine(STIG) cycle on thermal efficiency of the cycle, specific work output and specific fuel consumption have been investigated. From the results obtained in graphs it is observed that thermal efficiency of steam injected gas turbine(STIG) cycle increases and net work output increases and specific fuel consumption decreases as pressure ratio increases; thermal efficiency of steam injected gas turbine(STIG) cycle and specific work output increases with increase in turbine inlet temperature. Results also show that STIG cycle efficiency is always greater than simple gas turbine cycle for same pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature and for wide range of parameters STIG cycle is superior to simple gas turbine cycle. In STIG cycle as specific mass flow rate per kg of air increases cycle efficiency and net work output also increases.
Conceptual Overview of the Biomedical Waste Management System
Authors: Mahalaxmi K. R. , Arumugam Ramya
Published: February 2023

Biomedical waste management is one of the significant public health measure. Proper management of biomedical waste is needed to maintain the hygiene and health of the people and to control the environmental pollution. The waste from the hospitals have to be properly segregated, categorized, treated, stored, transported and disposed. Improper management of waste involves a greater risk of causing infections and injuries. This study gives a picture of the concepts of biomedical waste management and also includes the approach of categorization, segregation, collection, treatment, processing and disposal of biomedical waste as per the latest biomedical waste Management rules, 2016. It aims to create awareness among the medical practitioners involved in the management of biomedical waste. It plays a crucial part in the life of the people and has an impact over the environment. Thus a proper management of biomedical waste is needed for a healthier living.
Reduction of Lead Time Using Lean Techniques
Authors: . Rashmi , D. R. Swamy , Nanjundeswaraswamy T. S.
Published: February 2023

The main goal is to reduce the time delays caused in manufacturing of hydraulic excavators which can be accomplished making and executing powerful and proficient procedures in each of its line in their business. For this purpose lean tools are used as lean focus on continuous improvement and reduction of waste. VSM is used to serve the purpose of customer by eliminating the non-value added activities and help in value creation process with minimum lead time. The study was carried out on production process of pivot pins which are used in manufacturing of excavator machines of different specifications. By fixing production schedule and using a lean tool such as VSM, lead time was reduced which in turn reduces the cost of the product.
A review of coir fiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol and other various adhesives based composites
Authors: Gautam Anish , Ojha Radhe Shyam
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews the work done on the proposed combined polymer composite consisting of a poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and other various adhesive reinforced by coconut fibre (coir fibre). Reinforcement with natural fibres are popular due to its easy availability, easily extracted, enhance energy recovery, biodegradability, low density and low cost etc. Similarly growing concern about the environment, global warming, depleting petroleum reserves are the reasons to focus more on bio-degradable polymer composite. It also reviews the mechanical properties, methods of preparation, advantages of chemical treatment of the fibre, applications whereas the limitation and challenges of these composites materials. This review indicates that PVA and other various adhesives such as epoxy, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and polyester etc. composites have potential for countless applications.
Assessment of Implementation of Fire Safety Procedures and Regulation in Public Buildings
Authors: Lawal Nuruddeen Mohammed , Chandra Isha , Bichi Nasir Mukhtar
Published: February 2023

The research assessed the level of implementation of fire safety procedures and regulations in public buildings, which employed the use of questionnaire to ask questions from a sample of 100 facility managers, 230 workers and 220 visitors from selected public buildings. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected from the subjects. The findings of the study showed that there are available and adequate Fire Safety provisions which have satisfied their level of implementation. The study reviewed relevant literature on fire, causes of fire in public buildings, fire safety regulations, control of fire, fire prevention and protection, assessment of fire safety, implementation of fire safety. The structured questionnaire used contained 34 items, which were divided into (4) four sections (A, B,C and D), Section A was designed to elicit information status, name, address and type of the public building, Section B was designed to elicit information on the availability of fire safety provisions in the public buildings and Section C was designed to elicit information on adequacy of fire safety provisions in public buildings while Section D was designed to elicit information on the level of implementation of the fire safety provision by the building authorities. The instrument was validated by experts of building construction in the Department of Science and Technology Education of Bayero University Kano in Nigeria. Its reliability was established using split half method by the use of Guttman split-half coefficient formula to correlate between forms with a coefficient of 0.706. The Research recommended that a permanent fire safety committee in all the public buildings should be constituted to be responsible for given out fire safety provisions guide to building users on periodic bases, Courses on fire safety should be introduced, and made compulsory for student irrespective of his/her cause of study, Fire safety training should be carried out at least annually. The study suggested that there is need for further studies on the attitude of public building users towards fire safety procedures and regulations, An investigation in to the awareness level of public building users towards implementation of Fire Safety procedures and regulations in public buildings, An assessment on the level of adequacy of fire safety equipments in public buildings and The study on the level of satisfaction of Fire Safety provisions and training in public buildings.
Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling for Diesel Generators at Jamia University Campus, New Delhi, India
Authors: Mohan Braj , Masood Adil , Ahmed Kafeel
Published: February 2023

The study is conducted in order to assess the contribution of pollutants from the Diesel generators running in the Jamia Millia Islamia University Campus. In this work, ISCST3 air dispersion model was applied to simulate the air quality for 24 hourly average ground level concentrations of SOx, NOx, PM10 and 8 hourly average for CO at various receptor locations. Based on surveys and questionnaires, an inventory was formulated for different Gensets and their characteristics. The ISCST3 model is based on a steady-state Gaussian plume algorithm. It has been developed by USEPA for assessing air quality impact from point, area, and volume sources. Emission rates for different pollutants have been computed using empirical formulas for Gensets based on their capacity. Pollutant emitting potential has also been computed. The predicted values given by ISCST3 model are 11.33μg/m3 for PM10, 58.4 μg/m3 for SOx, 176.50 μg/m3 for NOx, 57.02 μg/m3 for CO. Both monitored and simulated values have been compared with NAAQS 2009. A possible solution for minimizing the pollutant load in the area via Diesel Gensets has been suggested in this research which will further help in managing the air quality scenario at the study area.
A Review of Vapor Compression-Absorption Integrated Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Jain Vaibhav
Published: February 2023

This paper provides a literature review on vapor compression-absorption integrated refrigeration systems. A number of research options are suggested by researchers to integrate vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) with vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). Each way has its own pros and cons. Present work provides a detailed review on working, parametric study, advantages and disadvantages of various configurations of vapor compression-absorption integrated refrigeration systems.
Enhancing The Speed of Inspection in Coordinate Measuring Machine Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sinha Amit Kumar , Anand Ankush
Published: February 2023

Due to high accuracy and precision, coordinate measuring machine (CMM) has been an important tool of inspection in quality control for several years. Effectiveness of inspection greatly depends on measurement cycle time. Lesser the inspection time taken by CMM to measure a given part better will be the performance of inspection process. Therefore, for efficient performance of inspection process, it is critical to reduce measurement time. Goal of our research is to improve measurement accuracy and reduce the cycle time of inspection. There are various methods to generate most suitable measurement path which will result in minimum inspection time. These methods are based on different algorithms to reduce measurement cycle time for CMM. Genetic algorithm, which is one of the optimization techniques can be used to find the minimum cycle path and hence can be used to increase the speed of inspection.
Application of Enzydex During Sugar Process for Improving Sugar Yield
Authors: Arya J. S. , Pathak D. P. , Gupta T. , Madan M.
Published: February 2023

Dextrans are undesirable compounds, synthesized by Leuconostoc mesenteroide from sucrose, increasing the viscosity of the sugar flow and reducing industrial recovery, resulting significant losses to the sugar industries. The use of dextranase enzyme is the most efficient method for hydrolyzing the dextrans at sugar mills. A preparation of dextranase enzyme namely “Enzydex” developed by Catalysts Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd which was shown significant reduction at very low concentration 3-5ppm during six plant trials in India and in Philippines. During plant trials, the 38-78% dextran reductions were observed at various stages of sugar process.
Acoustic Properties of Light Concrete of Natural Pozzolans of Ambohinaorina
Authors: Rajaonarison Eddie Franck , Gacoin Alexandre , Razafindrabe Bam Haja Nirina , Rasamison Vincent Emile
Published: February 2023

Pedological study is essential because it contributes to improve our knowledge on materials used to construct buildings of which lifetime is in compliance with the norms in force. Our study is based on the acoustic properties of the pozzolan concrete of the Ambohinaorina (Vakinankaratra region- Madagascar). The numerous experimental results obtained in this article demonstrate that pozzolan can be used to produce lightweight concrete in taking into account the volumetric composition of aggregates (cement included) which has to be optimum.
Eliminating Obstacles in TPM Implimentation In Sugarmill Industry
Authors: Singh Karanbir , Singh Sandeep
Published: February 2023

In the dynamic scenario of technology, many technological innovations are available to contribute in the analysis of Equipment Efficiency, minimized input v/s optimized output, minimizing the overall consumption, effective use of machineries and finally increase in production rate by expenditure and consumption of sources. Since the starting of technological era, Scientists/ Researchers have put mammoth efforts to increase production rate. To embark with, many small inadequacies of equipments and machines can lead to the huge losses in small to medium scale industries. Implementation of TPM in various industries has contributed its effective role but not much work available with small to medium scale sugar mill industries in India.In Ajnala Cooperative Sugar Mill, Amritsar, the author has contributed that the mill management avoid doing the changes with traditional approaches of productivity for example changes in setup and maintenance scheduling. So to remove the obstacles, the author has suggested several steps to bring the minimum but necessary changes in maintenance and repairs. The author made an attempt to increase the Overall Equipment Efficiency and to decrease the high rejection rate, downtime, and setup time to compete with others similar industries by applying Total Productive Maintenance in the small scale industry by eliminating the upcoming obstacles successfully.
Design, Modification and Analysis of Industrial Air Compressor (Type: Vt4): A Review
Authors: Gurnule Shashank , Banpurkar Ritesh
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a review on how important the intercooling of air compressor is necessary for an efficient process. Basically the meaning of air compression is to reduce a specified volume, resulting in an increase in pressure. For improving efficiency of the system compression is done in more than one stage and between each stage intercooler is provided. Intercooler improves the quality of air and reduces inlet air temperature. The function of the intercooler is to cool the air as it leaves the Low Pressure cylinder and before it enters the High Pressure cylinder. This improves the efficiency of the compressor and ensures that the temperature of the air receiver outlet valves is just right for optimum operation of the tools connected to the compressor. The cooler is composed of sheet metal plate elements or tabular core. Type VT4 compressor is a Two Stage Reciprocating Air Compressors which is most widely used for Industrial Purpose. This paper highlights the various efforts of the various researchers. On the basis of various researches it is proposed that the change in size of intercooler will avoid heating in High Pressure Cylinder during long run.
Human Resource Management Practices in Hospitals and Its Impact on Employee Satisfaction by considering Demographic factors in Surat City
Authors: Parekh Reema
Published: February 2023

Service industry is that industry which creates intangible and perishable product in the form of service rather than any tangible product. Healthcare industry is growing at a rapid pace owing to increasing discretionary income of Indian Consumer, more concern towards health and fitness, high coverage of hospitals and clinics and increasing expenditure by public as well private players. Despite huge opportunities available in industry and encouraging steps taken by government for growth of healthcare industry, still industry failed to overcome some challenges, One of the causes attributed is Human Resource. Satisfaction of Human Resource is the most important factor for the success of any service industry. It is also interconnected with HR functions like Recruitment, Selection, Induction, Training and Performance Appraisal, Career Planning, Counselling, Talent Management, Just and Fair Compensation and so on. After doing pilot study it is clearly observed that in developed Surat city hospitals’ employees also facing some of the problems related to job satisfaction The present investigation has been carried out with respect to study the impact of the satisfaction levels of employees varies with the systematic or unsystematic (disorganized) implementation of HRM practices in selected hospitals of Surat city.
Leachate Characters and Impact at Bhalswa Landfill Site in Delhi, India
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Singh S. K.
Published: February 2023

A liquid which drained or leaches through the waste at a landfill site is known as leachate. Leachate from a landfill varies widely in composition depending on the age of the landfill and the type of waste that it contains. It can usually contain both dissolved and suspended material. This study concentrate on the composition of various parameters of leachate collected from a highly saturated sanitary landfill sites at Bhalswa, Delhi. it has been found that Bhalswa landfill leachate have highest concentration of different parameters such as total dissolve solid, total solid and electrical conductivity i.e., 9890 mg/l, 12580 mg/l and 14892 mho/cm respectively. These results will be helpful in future for determination of expected impact on ground water and biodiversity due to generation and percolation of leachate. This study will also be helpful to deal with the possible low cost treatment methods.
IoT Based System for Alerting Forest Fire and Control of Smuggling
Authors: Devi H. Saroja , J. Meghashree , D. K. Shruthi
Published: February 2023

The analysis of environmental conditions in real time (such as weather events and polluting gases) could provide relevant data on the environment that could help prevent or detect an emergency situation. Nowadays, IOT (Internet of Things) devices and sensors allow the monitoring of different environmental variables, such as temperature, humidity, pressure and concentrations of pollutant gases, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Radical changes and combinations of these variables could indicate the occurrence of adverse weather events that could cause a natural disaster, such as a forest ﬁre. This paper presents an IoT system that can perform a real time control of fire and tree cut events. Fire usually causes serious hazards. Therefore, to prevent catastrophes that occur in industries, buildings, and forest areas, IOT and sensor based fire detection has become an important issue. In this proposed system, sensors and microcontroller are incorporated to detect the hazardous situations. Light and smoke indicate the chances of fire. If the fire level is mild or severe, then it is alerted by using a buzzer. Tree cuting can be detected by using wireless bend sensor. This helps to prevent tree smuggling and protect forest life. An IOT based system is developed and tested for correct working.