bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagen impresa y acción social. La decoración del libro al interior del proyecto cultural de Atalaya (1922-1927)
Authors: Villanueva Aldana
Published: February 2018

Atalaya (Alfredo Chiabra Acosta) representó uno de los actores fundamentales para la crítica de arte argentina en el marco de las corrientes renovadoras de vanguardia de la década del 20. Sin embargo, enrolado en las filas del anarquismo desde su juventud, efectuó desde su labor crítica una defensa de aquellas expresiones artísticas consideradas “menores”, en especial el grabado, aspecto que había resultado central para la estética libertaria en su misión de romper con la barrera entre arte y pueblo. En el momento que el movimiento anarquista reencauzaba sus periódicos y su labor doctrinaria y el arte parecía ya no estar a la orden del día desde un punto de vista práctico, Atalaya se propuso promover una revalorización del carácter revolucionario del arte en el seno del Suplemento Semanal de La Protesta (1922-1926). La decoración del libro y su ilustración por medio de grabados cobraron una dimensión significativa en su reflexión crítica. Estos valores puestos en el mundo del libro tuvieron su concreción efectiva cuando en 1926 fundó la Editorial de la Campana de Palo. Este trabajo se propone entonces abordar, en primer lugar, la reflexión teórico-crítica de Atalaya en torno a la decoración del libro y, en segundo lugar, analizar la empresa encausada por la Editorial de la Campana en el marco de la cultura de izquierdas de 1920.
Regional differences in the economical sustainability of sports halls
Authors: Kosztin Nikolett , Balatoni Ildikó
Published: February 2018

The precondition of a health conscious behaviour in a community is establishing a healthy development of the community, an important part of which is the community’s attitude to sports and health. A basic manifestation of this is whether the leadership of a specific settlement is committed to developing sports facilities and, on the other hand, to what extent residents make use of these facilities. The aim of our research was to point out the number of sports facilities currently available for catering everyday physical education introduced in 2012, leisure sports and competitive sport events in two different regions of Hungary. We also examined the resources available for maintaining the facilities and the degree to which existing facilities are exploited. Existing sports halls of the Northern Great Plain and Central Transdanubia were included in the research. We wish to emphasise, in regards to the infrastructural developments of the coming few years, that it is essential to consider the fact, even in the planning phase of facilities, that sport events in themselves do not make the facilities economically sustainable.

JEL code: Z20
Ecological aspects of increasing intensity in pepper forcing with prime attention to the type of the growing equipment
Authors: Kicska Tibor
Published: February 2018

Significant amount of profit can be generated in forcing technologies by the efficient use of different elements in growing technologies, however, improving production intensity is on the agenda in the sector. Pepper forcing, as the most significant class of vegetable forcing, practically takes place under all the growing equipment widespread in our country, but there is a considerable difference in context of profitability and efficiency. This paper wonders whether the most intensive technology in pepper forcing is efficient regarding the use of forcing equipment, namely modern greenhouses, or growing under greenhouses with significantly lower investment cost is more efficient. The analysis represents cost-income factors and efficiency assessed on a long-term basis of different technologies via a deterministic model based on producers’ data collections. As a result of the research, economic indicators are calculated based on exact results which will help to conduct a comparative assessment of economic features in technological varieties.

JEL code: Q12
Consumer willingness to pay a premium for a functional food in Ghana
Authors: Badu-Gyan Farida , Owusu Victor
Published: February 2018

Interest in functional foods has been growing in sub-Saharan Africa due to consumer concerns with diet and nutrition. This paper analyses consumer awareness, perceptions and effects of the determinants of consumer willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for Moringa bread in Ghana. An ordered probit model is employed. The empirical results indicate that consumer knowledge of the nutritional and health benefits of Moringa bread is what matters most to consumers in respect of their WTP a higher premium for the product. Consumers with knowledge on Moringa products are more willing to pay above 50% price premiums for Moringa bread. Fruitful policy recommendations are made in the paper.

JEL code: D12
Systematic risk factors and stock return volatility
Authors: Haider Syed Kamran Ali , Hashmi Shujahat Haider , Ahmed Ishtiaq
Published: February 2018

This study analyzes the transmission of systematic risk exhaling from macroeconomic fundamentals to volatility of stock market by using auto regressive generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedastic (AR-GARCH) and vector auto regressive (VAR) models. Systematic risk factors used in this study are industrial production, real interest rate, inflation, money supply and exchange rate from 2000-2014. Results indicate that there exists relationship among the volatility of macroeconomic factors and that of stock returns in Pakistan. The relationship among the volatility of macroeconomic variables and that of stock returns is bidirectional; both affect each other in different dynamics.

JEL code: C32, C58, G11, G12
Lodo de esgoto: diretrizes e o seu uso como fertilizante, condicionador de solo e substrato florestal
Authors: Siqueira David Pessanha , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Marciano Claudio Roberto
Published: February 2018

O lodo de esgoto é um resíduo gerado após o tratamento dos esgotos e consiste em um problema ambiental crescente, devido ao aumento das redes de coleta e tratamento desses efluentes. A disposição desse resíduo na agricultura vem se apresentando como a mais adequada, com efeitos positivos apontados por várias pesquisas. No entanto, existem critérios e procedimentos que devem ser contemplados para o gerenciamento legal do lodo. Serão apresentadas as principais diretrizes para utilização do lodo na agricultura, sua influência na fertilidade do solo, como condicionador de solo, e seu desempenho como substrato florestal, destacando os pontos positivos e negativos.
Reflexão sobre as estratégias de controle da anemia em gestantes no Brasil
Authors: Machado Edna Helena da Silva , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth , Cyrillo Denise Cavallini , Fujimori Elizabeth , Colli Célia
Published: February 2018

Desde 1977, sanitaristas brasileiros estão preocupados com a anemia e suas conseqüências, especialmente entre gestantes. As perdas de capacidades físicas e mentais, dificilmente mensuráveis resultantes dessa má nutrição, implicam altos custos de tratamentos médicos e, principalmente, significativas perdas de capital humano. A fim de controlar esta deficiência, programas de intervenção foram introduzidos no país em 2004 e 2005: a fortificação com ferro das farinhas de trigo e milho e a suplementação profilática para crianças com sulfato ferroso. No entanto, a maioria das poucas avaliações disponíveis desses programas teve resultados inesperados: não houve redução da prevalência de anemia de gestantes atendidas à primeira consulta nos serviços públicos brasileiros, depois de dois anos de fortificação das farinhas com ferro. Este resultado está associado a dois fatores: 1) a baixa biodisponibilidade dos compostos de ferro usados 2) a baixa ingestão de produtos à base de farinha de trigo e de milho devido ao alto preço e/ou hábito alimentar. Os preços do trigo mostram uma tendência de aumento, o que conseqüentemente, levará a diminuição no seu consumo, principalmente entre a população de baixa renda. Uma das metas do Ministério da Saúde é avaliar constantemente as estratégias adotadas visando aperfeiçoar sua implementação, identificar possíveis causas de vieses e buscar alternativas para o controle da anemia e suas conseqüências que afetam tanto a produtividade individual como o desenvolvimento da nação como um todo.
Crescimento da alimentação fora do domicílio
Authors: Leal Daniele
Published: February 2018

Em decorrência das intensas mudanças nas últimas décadas, notadamente no estilo de vida da população, ocorreu o aumento significativo da alimentação fora do domicílio. Alguns fatores influenciaram este fato, como ampliação dos serviços dos restaurantes (fast food, self service, “prato feito”), proporção da despesa destinada à alimentação, envolvimento com programa de alimentação institucional, como é o caso do programa de alimentação do trabalhador, alimentação escolar, crescimento do segmento de serviços de alimentação, entre outros. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os condicionantes do crescimento da alimentação fora do domicílio.
Identificação do perfil de usuários de um restaurante popular do município de Campinas
Authors: Gobato Renata Cristina , Panigassi Giseli , Villalba Juliana Pasti
Published: February 2018

Os restaurantes populares são unidades de alimentação e nutrição destinadas ao preparo e comercialização de refeições saudáveis, ofertadas a preços acessíveis à população, que devem localizar-se preferencialmente em grandes centros urbanos. Tais restaurantes devem proporcionar a complementação alimentar dos grupos mais vulneráveis que, por falta de tempo ou recursos, não conseguem ter acesso a uma refeição saudável pelo menos uma vez por dia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi conhecer o perfil de usuários de um restaurante popular do Município de Campinas e refletir sobre a contribuição do restaurante popular para a segurança alimentar e nutricional dos usuários. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, o qual entrevistou 129 usuários. A partir de um questionário estruturado com questões de múltipla escolha, delineou-se o perfil dos usuários. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2008. A média de idade dos usuários é de 47,7 anos, sendo que 41% possuem trabalho remunerado; 15,5% têm como única refeição o almoço adquirido no “Restaurante Bom Prato” e possuem em média renda familiar de 2,4 salários mínimos. Observou-se que 94,6% dos entrevistados consomem carne, 88,4% consomem frutas e 90,3% verduras e/ou legumes no restaurante Bom Prato, enquanto que no jantar em casa apenas 58,9% consomem carne, 28,7% frutas e 41,5% verduras e/ou legumes. Concluiu-se que o “Restaurante Bom Prato” é importante para a segurança alimentar e nutricional de seus usuários, pois proporcionou à amostra, uma maior variedade de grupos de alimentos no almoço comparada ao jantar em casa e também comparada ao tipo de refeição realizada pelos pesquisados antes de sua inauguração.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional e a construção de sua política: uma visão histórica
Authors: Custódio Marta Battaglia , Furquim Nelson Roberto , Santos Greice Maria Mansini dos , Cyrillo Denise Cavallini
Published: February 2018

Estudos sobre a situação nutricional ressaltam a redução da prevalência de desnutrição no Brasil. Embora ainda existam casos de comunidades sob risco de déficit nutricional, também se verifica uma elevação de níveis de sobrepeso e obesidade no país. Persistem condições negativas que impactam o estado nutricional da população, como a elevada concentração de renda, altos níveis de analfabetismo funcional e discriminação social e racial. É importante conhecer a evolução histórica das políticas públicas voltadas para a questão alimentar e nutricional para aprimorar o debate em torno do combate à fome e à desnutrição. O Programa Fome Zero, lançado em 2003, foi concebido em torno de quatro eixos, a saber: o acesso aos alimentos; o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar; a geração de renda; e a articulação, mobilização e controle social. Além dele, a Lei Orgânica, instituída em 2006, contribuiu para a construção do arcabouço legal da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Controle da qualidade higiênico-sanitária na recepção e no armazenamento de alimentos: um estudo em escolas públicas municipais de Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Silva Valteneide Bitencourt da , Cardoso Ryzia de Cássia Vieira
Published: February 2018

Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi caracterizar o controle da qualidade higiênico-sanitária na recepção e no armazenamento de alimentos em três escolas da Coordenadoria Regional de Ensino de Pirajá, Salvador (Bahia). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: lista de verificação; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com diretores escolares, merendeiras e secretária escolar; observação participante e análise documental. Adotou-se a análise descritiva para avaliação dos dados da lista de verificação, e foram definidos 5 grupos de classificação para as escolas – crítico, insatisfatório, regular, bom e excelente, de acordo com o percentual de adequação às legislações sanitárias vigentes. Todas as escolas foram classificadas em nível de atendimento insatisfatório, e os aspectos relativos às etapas de recepção dos alimentos e armazenamento de hortifrutigranjeiros foram os que mais contribuíram para o baixo nível de adequação global nas mesmas. Na perspectiva qualitativa, os discursos estavam em conformidade com as deficiências identificadas durante a observação participante e aplicação da lista de verificação. O desperdício de alimentos foi uma das principais implicações da falta de controle de qualidade nas etapas avaliadas. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ações corretivas, que visem à promoção dos objetivos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar.
O uso de azeite de dendê na fortificação de alimentos
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Helena Cravo , Pinto-e-Silva Maria Elisabeth Machado , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi incluir o azeite de dendê como fonte de vitamina A em alimentos de consumo habitual da população brasileira e avaliar sua estabilidade e aceitação. Foram desenvolvidas as preparações: sequilho salgado, sequilho doce e biscoito de polvilho em suas formulações originais e as acrescidas de azeite de dendê. A vitamina A foi determinada pela quantificação de β caroteno presente nas amostras do azeite de dendê e nas preparações. Para a análise sensorial, utilizou-se o teste afetivo de aceitabilidade. As preparações desenvolvidas tiveram como parâmetro as originais para posterior análise. Com relação ao teor de vitamina A, todos os produtos com dendê tiveram concentrações significativas deste nutriente quando comparados aos biscoitos sem dendê. Pela análise sensorial, os produtos apresentaram aceitabilidade no atributo aceitação global. O azeite de dendê se manteve como fonte de vitamina A quando utilizado como ingrediente de preparações, mesmo se submetido a um processamento térmico, e mostrou ser uma boa fonte complementar deste nutriente. Assim, o azeite de dendê pode ser utilizado no enriquecimento de alimentos pela sua contribuição em retinol visando o controle da hipovitaminose A.
Consumo de frutose e impacto na saúde humana
Authors: Gaino Natalia Moreno , Silva Marina Vieira da
Published: February 2018

Determinados açúcares de adição dos alimentos industrializados são alvos de estudos que relacionam o seu consumo excessivo com o aumento da obesidade e comorbidades associadas como o diabetes, câncer, dislipidemia e aterosclerose. A identificação da quantidade dessa modalidade de açúcares na composição dos alimentos e impacto na saúde humana decorrentes do consumo excessivo constituem informações fundamentais para a promoção da saúde e da segurança alimentar e nutricional. A frutose é comumente encontrada como um componente natural em determinados alimentos ou como um ingrediente adicional (como a sacarose e xarope de milho rico em frutose). O consumo de frutose aumentou drasticamente nas últimas 4 décadas, devido ao seu uso generalizado em muitos alimentos e bebidas (frutas enlatadas, geleias, doces em pasta, bolos, pudins, tabletes, pó para bebidas, refrigerantes). Pesquisas sobre o excesso de peso vêm sugerindo que o alto consumo de frutose poderia estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Acervos de estudos consideram que a ingestão elevada de frutose pode induzir a alterações do metabolismo, como o aumento de triglicérides, resistência insulínica e esteatose hepática. Porém, esses resultados não são conclusivos. Pesquisas envolvendo intervenções de longo prazo e nas quais sejam empregadas quantidades de açúcares normalmente ingeridas pelos indivíduos são necessárias e podem preencher a lacuna de informações sobre o tema. Políticas públicas poderiam contribuir para a definição e monitoramento visando limitar o consumo dos alimentos ricos em açúcares de adição. Para a população devem ser fornecidos subsídios para que realizem escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis, o que contribuiria para o alcance da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
PENETAPAN TERSANGKA SEBAGAI OBYEK PRAPERADILAN
Authors: Kusumastuti Ely
Published: February 2018

Background of this article is the legal uncertainty after the Constitutional Court (MKRI) verdict No. 2/PUU-XII / 2014 on April 28, 2015 which has added pre-trial object with the determination of suspects, foreclosures and searches. The legal issues of this article are the philosophical foundation of the pre-trial, ratio decidendi of pre-trial verdict related to the determination of suspects and ratio decidendi of Constitutional Court (MKRI) Verdict No. 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 on April 28, 2015. This discussion and analysis of this article are the statutory, conceptual, comparative and case approaches. The conclusions of this article are: First, the pretrial philosophical foundation is to provide human rights protection in the use of forceful efforts by investigators and prosecutors. Second, the ratio decidendi pretrial verdict on behalf of  Budi Gunawan and the Verdict of Constitutional Court (MKRI) No. 21/PUU-XII/2014, April 28, 2015 which has decided determination of suspect as objects of pretrial, has shifted from philosophy of pretrial in the Criminal Code and not  according to the principles of fairness, certainty and expediency. The authority of the Pretrial Institution in the Criminal Procedure Code only examines the procedural truth in this case the investigator’s and prosecutor’s actions, while to examine the material truth related to the suspect’s acts is the absolute authority of the case  trial session.
JUDICIAL ACTIVISM OR SELF-RESTRAINT : SOME INSIGHT INTO THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
Authors: Salman Radian , Sukardi Sukardi , Aris Mohammad Syaiful
Published: February 2018

The Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia is centralized judicial review institution which implements a posteriori and abstract control. Constitutional court decision often politically sensitive and involve important issues. On the one hand handing down strong decisions that uphold important constitutional principles can bring great benefits to citizens and can strengthen support for democracy but on the other hand, strong role of the court in judicial review tends to encroach increasingly on the territory of the law making institution. This article examines the decision of constitutional court in the framework of a tension between constitutionalism and democracy, especially from theoretical or conceptual approach. As result of examining its decisions, Indonesian Constitutional Court may reflect two characters; judicial activism as characterized by acting as law-maker and using policy in judicial decisions and/ or judicial self-restraint.  Recent  Indonesian experience shows that judicial review of legislation is not a simply of judicial control over law-making institution, as it brings  tension in the context of power relations in the scheme of separation of power. Relationship between the court and legislature, in respective of judicial review, will culminate in the philosophy of the judiciary. However, as constitutionalism and democracy are virtue, decisions of the Constitutional Court in judicial review should create mode of self-limitation within the framework of the principle of separation of powers.
Optimization of Pump Hydraulic Performance Based on the Response Surface Method
Authors: Xu Shengli , Zhong Shaowei , Zhao Haixin
Published: February 2018

This paper studies the optimization method of pump hydraulic performance based on the response surface method. A parametric model of impeller and diffuser is established. Three-dimensional optimization is carried out on the basis of the initial model obtained by one-dimensional design method. We select the pump hydraulic efficiency and the head as objective function and constraint function. Response surface models are constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables, and the global optimization of hydraulic performance is realized. According to the internal flow characteristics of pump, this paper proposes the strategy of two steps optimization, which aims at meridional plane and blade shape, respectively, to solve the problem of large numbers of design parameters and computational cost. The optimization results show that the hydraulic efficiency of pump increased by 3.7%, and the head is nearly the same.
Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay
Authors: Macedo-Viñas Marina , Denning David W.
Published: February 2018

We aimed to estimate for the first time the burden of fungal infections in Uruguay. Data on population characteristics and underlying conditions were extracted from the National Statistics Institute, the World Bank, national registries and published articles. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate frequencies extrapolating from the literature. Population structure: total 3,444,006; 73% adults; 35% women younger than 50 years. Size of populations at risk: HIV infected 12,000; acute myeloid leukemia 126; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 30; solid organ transplants 134; COPD 272,006 (19.7% of older than 40); asthma in adults 223,431 (prevalence 9%); cystic fibrosis in adults 48; tuberculosis 613 (incidence 26.2%), lung cancer 1,400 (ASR incidence 27.4). Annual incidence estimations per 100,000: 22.4 invasive aspergillosis, 16.4 candidaemia, 3.7 Candida peritonitis, 1.62 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 0.75 cryptococcosis, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation 217, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 165, recurrent Candida vaginitis 6,323, oral candidiasis 74.5 and oesophageal candidiasis 25.7. Although some under and overestimations could have been made, we expect that at least 127,525 people suffer from serious fungal infections each year. Sporothrichosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and dermatophytosis are known to be frequent but no data are available to make accurate estimations. Given the magnitude of the burden of fungal infections in Uruguay, efforts should be made to improve surveillance, strengthen laboratory diagnosis and warrant access to first line antifungals.
MECHANISMS OF HETEROGENEOUS FE(II) OXIDATION IN ACID MINE DRAINAGE1
Authors:   Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Park Byungtae
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The objective of the study was to investigate the sorption and abiotic oxidation of ferrous iron at ferric oxide surfaces at pH 6.8 and 7.0, and to identify changes in ferric oxide phase during the sorption and oxidation processes. Our group previously reported on mechanisms for sorption and heterogeneous oxidation at pH less than 6.5 and on the characteristics of ferric oxide sludge. We have also reported on transformations from amorphous to crystalline ferric oxides as a function of pH and solution composition. Sorption experiments were conducted at room temperature in an anaerobic chamber with 97% N2 and 3% H2. An additional oxygen trap was used to ensure an anoxic environment. The Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio and pH were varied. The rate and extent of sorption of Fe(II) were monitored. Changes in solid phases were monitored using 57Fe-Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Subsequent to sorption, oxidation rate constants and mechanisms were evaluated after exposure to very low partial pressures of O2. The results showed that oxidation processes that occurred with high Fe(III) to Fe(II) ratios were more complicated in the neutral pH range compared to pH < 6.5, due to phase transformations that resulted in short-term sorption anomalies, such as decreased sorption after conversion from amorphous ferric oxide to goethite or precipitation of mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) phases that slowly became inert to oxidation. These results are important in the context of treatment processes for AMD that depend on the presence of a ferric oxide phase, that is for high-density sludge processes that result in heterogeneous oxidation of Fe(II) and that are conducted at slightly acid to alkaline pH values.
The Effect of Rotator Cuff Repair on Natural History
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Ross Hunter , Granger Erin , Presson Angela P. , Zhang Chong , Tashjian Robert Z.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Rotator cuff disease can have a progressive natural history of increasing tear size and worsening function. It remains unknown whether rotator cuff repair alters this natural history.

Methods:

A systematic review of the intermediate to long-term (minimum 5-year) results of operative rotator cuff repair and no repair of rotator cuff injuries was performed to compare (1) patient-based outcomes, (2) future surgical intervention, (3) future tear progression or recurrence, and (4) tear size. The no-repair group included both conservative treatment and surgical treatment without repair. After the application of selection criteria, 29 studies with 1,583 patients remained. Meta-regression was conducted to adjust for baseline age, sex, tear size, and duration of follow-up.

Results:

Comparison of the repair and no-repair groups revealed no significant differences in terms of age (p = 0.36), sex (p = 0.88), study level of evidence (p = 0.86), or Coleman methodology score (p = 0.8). The duration of follow-up was significantly longer for the no-repair group (p = 0.004), whereas baseline tear size was significantly larger in the repair group (p = 0.014). The percentage of patients requiring additional surgery was significantly higher in the no-repair group after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (9.5% higher in estimated means between groups [95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 17%]; p = 0.012). The likelihood of a recurrent defect (repair group) or extension of the prior tear (no-repair group) was not different between groups after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (p = 0.4). There were no differences between the repair and no-repair groups in terms of the Constant score after adjustment for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size (p = 0.31). The final tear size was significantly larger in the no-repair group than the repair group (967 mm2 higher in estimated means between groups [95% confidence interval, 771 to 1,164 mm2]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

At intermediate to long-term follow-up, rotator cuff repair was associated with decreased final tear size and decreased need for future surgery after adjusting for age, sex, duration of follow-up, and tear size. The likelihood of a recurrent defect after rotator cuff repair did not differ from that of tear extension after nonoperative treatment. Thus, rotator cuff repair may not alter natural history.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PROMOTING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT THROUGH OUTCOMES BASED EDUCATION IN AN EAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: CRAIG ROBERT
Published: February 2018

La educación basada en resultados de aprendizaje es un enfoque que ha sido promovido y adoptado en distintos sistemas educativos de todo el mundo desde el comienzo de la década de 1990. Se han adaptado numerosos programas de manera exitosa a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que otros han quedado obsoletos por distintos motivos, entre los que se pueden señalar las interpretaciones, cuestiones relacionadas con la evaluación, el aumento de la carga de trabajo del profesorado y quizá asuntos más filosóficos relacionados con la naturaleza del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, mientras que puede haber un caso que se haya preparado para que el aprendizaje holístico se pierda mediante un enfoque rígido y atómico, hay un rango de beneficios indudable. Uno de ellos es que un programa basado en resultados bien diseñado puede mejorar el compromiso del alumnado debido a la naturaleza de las actividades y tareas requeridas para demostrar su rendimiento. Los procesos basados en resultados también son también uno de los requisitos de los órganos de acreditación para demostrar responsabilidad, así como también para establecer indicadores claros de lo que los estudiantes serán capaces de hacer tras determinadas fases de aprendizaje, al final de un curso o tras su graduación.
Un resultado de aprendizaje de especial relevancia en los contextos del inglés como medio de instrucción (EMI) y del Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE) es el requisito de demostrar la capacidad de comunicarse de manera eficaz. En la formación universitaria, el objetivo de este resultado particular tiene dos características principales: por una parte, facilitar el desarrollo cognitivo mediante la adquisición, asimilación y articulación del conocimiento; y por otra es facilitar a los graduados a entrar en el ámbito laboral y ser aceptados como miembros de una comunidad discursiva de una disciplina. Con tal, la responsabilidad de cada programa consiste en asegurar que los pasos que se dan para facilitar las oportunidades, y no solo mediante el conocimiento anticipado de competencias lingüísticas en cursos de idiomas previos.
Este artículo pone de relieve un enfoque basado en resultados aplicado a una asignatura optativa de Humanidades para estudiantes de inglés como lengua adicional en una escuela de ingeniería de Oriente Próximo. El objetivo del diseño es introducir un requisito lingüístico relevante mientras que se atrae a los estudiantes en un rango de canales de aprendizaje multimodales estimuladores, incidentales y explícitos.
USING ICT TO CONTACT THE TARGET CULTURE: TEACHERS’ VIEW
Authors: CAFFESSE LUCIANA , GUASCH TERESA
Published: February 2018

While information and communication technologies (ICT) have made speakers of and content from the target foreign culture easily accessible to learners and teachers alike, they may cause conditions for FL teachers. This study sought to uncover the nature and extent of FL teachers' use of ICT to contact the target culture, both for instruction and teachers’ informal lifelong learning. By means of a survey, interviews and a mini-group interview with students, we portrayed the FL teachers' knowledge, beliefs, context, and behaviour in terms of ICT, and scrutinized how they are related. Findings showed that while teachers and students are sufficiently ICT-skilled and equipped, informal exchanges on the Internet are the exception. Excerpts from the interviews are presented in association with quantitative results.
A DIRETIVA (UE) 2015/2302 DO PARLAMENTO EUROPEU E DO CONSELHO NA INTEGRAÇÃO EM REDE DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA NO SETOR DO TURISMO.
Authors: MACHADO VIRGÍLIO , ALMEIDA VIDAL JOÃO , RIBEIRO CAFÉ AFONSO P.
Published: February 2018

É objeto da presente investigação questionar e responder se a Diretiva 2015/2302, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 25 de Novembro de 2015, sobre viagens organizadas e serviços de viagens conexos, constitui um elemento constituinte na integração jurídico- económica em rede da União Europeia. Tal desafio, não só reforça a dogmática da doutrina sobre Direito Comunitário do Turismo, mas essencialmente constitui uma abordagem ao diagnóstico de ferramentas, técnicas e instrumentos para o estudo da regulação do turismo como elemento constituinte de uma organização em rede dos Estados Membros da União Europeia, visão que tem sido pouco abordada, tanto na literatura científica, como nas próprias políticas e estratégias daquela organização em geral. As principais alterações introduzidas pela Diretiva passaram pela adaptação do regime aos meios eletrónicos de comercialização de produtos e serviços turísticos, com novas tipologias de atores no mercado e novos processos de contratação e vinculação, alargando-o a outras realidades até aqui carentes de regulação e desprotegidas na protecção dos direitos do consumidor, ora designado viajante. Propomo-nos proceder à análise crítica do diploma no que toca ao nível de harmonização que o legislador impôs na transposição, a fim de aferir se tal limitação à liberdade dos vários ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais tem, como consequência, vantagens para a organização em rede do mercado turístico e seus intervenientes, bem como à nova regulamentação relativa aos sujeitos e processos contratuais na relação jurídica de viagem organizada e de serviço de viagem conexo. Propomo-nos ainda aferir até que ponto, e com que eficácia, se o novo diploma legal logrou cumprir objetivos de protecção do consumidor, ora designado viajante, se antes procurou padronizar as condições contratuais de funcionamento da oferta turistica.
O ALOJAMENTO TURÍSTICO COMO SERVIÇO DE INTERESSE ECONÓMICO GERAL: O CASO DO ALOJAMENTO LOCAL EM PORTUGAL
Authors: MACHADO VIRGÍLIO , VIEGAS CIDALIA
Published: February 2018

É objeto desteartigo questionar e responder se o serviço de alojamento turístico pode ser entendido como um serviço de interesse económico geral e de ordem pública. À visão tradicional do alojamento turístico como mero contrato de hospedagem retribuído entre dois sujeitos privados, acrescenta-se uma funçãode interesse público.Tal função enriquece a doutrina internacional e o estudo da regulação do alojamento turístico e do Direito do Turismo em geral, permitindo acrescentar-lhes uma dimensão jurídica pública, própria das novas dinâmicas da economia de rede. Para comprovação da tese, apresenta-se um estudo de caso: a regulação jurídica da evolução do alojamento local em Portugal, uma atividade centenária com crescimento exponencial nos últimos anos e que constitui um sucesso na oferta empresarial de alojamento turístico neste país.
Regional Influences of Mean Temperature and Variance Changes on Freeze Risk in Apples
Authors: DeGaetano Arthur T.
Published: February 2018

Both mean temperature and daily temperature variance affect freeze risk in apples. Freeze damage to blossoms was assessed using a sequential model. In the model, once the chilling requirement was reached, growing degree days were accumulated and phenological stages determined based on growing degree thresholds derived from historical phenological observations. Critical temperatures for each stage were obtained from the literature and used to identify the occurrence freeze injury based on minimum temperature occurrence. In New York, temperature variance was the dominant climatological factor controlling freeze risk. A small <5% increase in variance counteracted mean temperature increases of up to 5.5 °C leading to increased freeze risk despite warming temperatures. In other apple-growing regions in the northwestern and southeastern United States, changes in freeze risk were dominated by changes in mean temperature. This demonstrates that in some regions the risk of freeze injury under future climate conditions may be more sensitive to changes in temperature variance. Variance is currently not well simulated by climate models. Because freeze risk also increases when the chill requirement is reduced, adaptation decisions to transition to lower chill requirement cultivars may be ill-advised in northern climates similar to New York as even the highest chill requirements were satisfied under the conditions with the greatest warming. This was not the case in other regions where the adoption of lower chill requirement cultivars may be warranted.
Portable Automation of Static Chamber Sample Collection for Quantifying Soil Gas Flux
Authors: Davis Morgan P. , Groh Tyler A. , Parkin Timothy B. , Williams Ryan J. , Isenhart Thomas M. , Hofmockel Kirsten S.
Published: February 2018

Quantification of soil gas flux using the static chamber method is labor intensive. The number of chambers that can be sampled is limited by the spacing between chambers and the availability of trained research technicians. An automated system for collecting gas samples from chambers in the field would eliminate the need for personnel to return to the chamber during a flux measurement period and would allow a single technician to sample multiple chambers simultaneously. This study describes Chamber Automated Sampling Equipment (FluxCASE) to collect and store chamber headspace gas samples at assigned time points for the measurement of soil gas flux. The FluxCASE design and operation is described, and the accuracy and precision of the FluxCASE system is evaluated. In laboratory measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) concentrations of a standardized gas mixture, coefficients of variation associated with automated and manual sample collection were comparable, indicating no loss of precision. In the field, soil gas fluxes measured from FluxCASEs were in agreement with manual sampling for both N2O and CO2. Slopes of regression equations were 1.01 for CO2 and 0.97 for N2O. The 95% confidence limits of the slopes of the regression lines included the value of one, indicating no bias. Additionally, an expense analysis found a cost recovery ranging from 0.6 to 2.2 yr. Implementing the FluxCASE system is an alternative to improve the efficiency of the static chamber method for measuring soil gas flux while maintaining the accuracy and precision of manual sampling.

Core Ideas

FluxCASEs automate collection of gas samples from static chambers, reducing labor costs.

FluxCASEs maintain accuracy and precision observed under manual sampling.

Automated sample collection increases coverage of spatial variability in soils.
Establishing Best Practices for Germplasm Exchange, Intellectual Property Rights, and Revenue Return to Sustain Public Cultivar Development
Authors: Dawson J. C. , Moore V. M. , Tracy W. F.
Published: February 2018

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) can play critical roles in protecting the genetic integrity of cultivars and generating revenue to support continued breeding. While private and public seed sectors share the goal of developing improved cultivars, important differences must be considered when using IPRs for publicly developed cultivars. A summit was held to discuss challenges and provide recommendations on IPRs and funding for public plant breeding programs. Recommendations on professional standards for germplasm exchange and best practices for revenue return to public breeding programs are discussed here.
Identification of M‐Type Gametophyte Factors in Maize Genetic Resources
Authors: Jones Zachary G. , Goodman Major M.
Published: February 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) gametophyte factors are the basis of dent sterile popcorns, where they are used to prevent pollen contamination from dent corns and have been proposed as useful for protection of other specialty types. Current gametophytic systems rely entirely on the strong allele of Gametophyte Factor 1 (Ga1‐s) to impart the selective barrier needed in these hybrids. This allele, however, is naturally overcome by another allele at the same locus (Ga1‐m), which is only detectable by specific evaluation, allowing it to go undetected in breeding lines, thus creating a scenario with substantial risk to Ga1‐s hybrids. Other gametophytic systems exist but have parallel allelic structure with possibly parallel risks, especially from m‐type alleles. By screening a set of maize genetic resources, we assessed the risk posed by the Ga1‐m allele. We identified the allele in several populations readily useful for expanding the genetic base of commercial maize, including several Germplasm Enhancement of Maize lines. To examine the possible distribution of m‐type alleles at other key gametophytic loci, we screened the maize nested association mapping population founder lines for the presence of m‐type gametophytic alleles, identifying 19 previously unreported m‐type gametophytic alleles in these lines. Our results also highlight the frequent concomitancy of gametophytic alleles at different loci, the full interactions of which are ignored by standard phenotyping methods that consider individual loci, confounding allele status determination. We provide a method for determining allele status at multiple gametophytic loci and highlight the implications of concomitant alleles, especially Ga1‐m and Tcb1‐m, on the possible deployment of new barrier systems.
Impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: an empirical study
Authors: Muhammad Ali Nawazeesh
Published: February 2018

Occupation of the populace who live in the coastal areas of Bangladesh needs to be changed in the pattern of source of income owing to sea level rise and natural disaster in a cyclical manner and also irregular variations. This is now a great concern for Bangladesh especially in the country’s coastal regions. As such, the research question relates to assessing the impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study explored using both primary and secondary sources. The study had been conducted from May to December 2017. The study found that climate change was causing sea level raising and created salinity problem in the coastal areas, which has caused change of the occupational changes. Salinity problem had caused damage of most of the agricultural production, fisheries and household. The binary logistic regression equation indicated that occupational change was due to climate change and natural catastrophe that also depend on socio-economic situation of the people of that area of the country. From another binary logistic regression equation, it was found that occupational change also depends on the various demographic factors and if the personal position of the respondents is changed then it will occur. Each year in coastal areas, people are permanently and temporarily dispersed because of global warming in Bangladesh. The country should take effective steps in the coastal areas to diminish climate change threat and also control over its phenomenon. Those who are responsible internally to increase climate change should be supported by creating employment opportunities for affecting community development as suggested by the researcher. To reduce natural catastrophe, more trees should be planted in the coastal regions, and there is a need in balanced development at urban and rural areas without destroying nature.
Water treatment and handwashing practices in rural Kenyan health care facilities and households six years after the installation of portable water stations and hygiene training
Authors: Rajasingham Anu , Leso Margaret , Ombeki Samuel , Ayers Tracy , Quick Robert
Published: February 2018

Many health care facilities (HCFs) and households in low-and-middle-income countries have inadequate access to water for hygiene and consumption. To address these problems, handwashing and drinking water stations were installed in 53 HCFs with prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission of HIV programs in Kenya in 2005, and hygiene education was provided to health workers and clinic clients. To assess this program, we selected a random sample of 30 HCFs, observed the percentage of handwashing and drinking water stations that were functional and in use, and after that interviewed health providers and clients about hygiene and water treatment. Results indicated that, six years after implementation, 80.0% of HCFs had at least one functional handwashing station and 83.3% had at least one functional drinking water station. In addition, 60% of HCFs had soap at ≥ one handwashing stations, and 23.3% had ≥ one container with detectable free chlorine. Of 299 clients (mothers with ≥ one child under five), 57.2% demonstrated proper water treatment knowledge, 93.3% reported ever using water treatment products, 16.4% had detectable chlorine residual in stored water, and 89.0% demonstrated proper handwashing technique. Six years after program implementation, although most HCFs had water stations and most clients could demonstrate proper handwashing technique, water stored in most clinics and homes was not treated.
Extraction and application of energy storage operation chart in Yangtze River cascade reservoirs
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , Qin Hui , Ji Changming , Wu Wenjie
Published: February 2018

Reservoir operation charts have been widely researched and applied to reservoir operation. However, these achievements are generally used for a single reservoir and have rarely been applied to cascade reservoirs. Considering the requirements of flood control and water supply, this paper studied the extraction and application of energy storage operation chart (ESOC) for cascade reservoirs. Steps in the methodology mainly include: (1) model building of cascade reservoirs operation optimization (CROO), (2) extracting ESOC based on discriminant coefficient method (DCM) and CROO model, (3) simulation operation of ESOC based on DCM, (4) choosing the optimal ESOC and verifying its efficiency through the results. Cascade reservoirs in the Yangtze River of China were selected for a case study. Compared with the conventional operation method, the simulation results show that the ESOC presents better performance in terms of power generation, guaranteed output and assurance rate. In detail, the annual power generation of ESOC can be increased by 0.9%, the total guaranteed output can be increased by 3.4% and the assurance rate can be increased by 9.6%, which indicates that the proposed ESOC method can greatly improve the hydropower energy efficiency and reliability of cascade reservoirs’ power supply.
Formulation of a minimal nutritional medium for enhanced lipid productivity in Chlorella sp. and Botryococcus sp. using response surface methodology
Authors: Vishwakarma Rashi , Dhar Dolly Wattal , Pabbi Sunil
Published: February 2018

Chlorella sp. MCC 7 and Botryococcus sp. MCC 31 were investigated to enable large-scale biodiesel production from minimal constituents in the growth medium. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to maximise the biomass productivity and lipid yield using only nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) as urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash. The optimum values were 0.42 g/L nitrogen; 0.14 g/L phosphorus and 0.22 g/L potassium for Chlorella sp.; and 0.46 g/L; 0.14 g/L and 0.25 g/L for Botryococcus sp. Lipid yield of 42% for Chlorella sp. and 52% in Botryococcus sp. was observed. An enhancement in lipid yield by approximately 55% for Chlorella sp. and 73% for Botryococcus sp. was registered as compared to original nutrient medium. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of extracted lipids revealed characteristic bands for triglycerides. This study provided utilisation of a practicable nutrient recipe in the form of N, P, K input for enhanced lipid yield from the selected microalgal strains.