bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring and Overcoming Challenges for Digital Transformation in the Energy Sector Toward Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Xiao Chengyou
Published: February 2025

China is committed to carbon neutral by 2060 to reduce its carbon footprint to zero. This research investigates the challenges surrounding the adoption of digitalisation in the energy sector and proposes policy plans to overcome them to achieve sustainability goals. This study utilised the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assess the key challenges and sub‐challenges. Next, the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the policy plans to overcome the challenges for digital transformation in the energy sector toward carbon neutrality in China. The result of fuzzy AHP identified that financial constraints (DES1) is the most crucial challenge hindering digitalisation efforts with a weight of 0.172, followed by operational and management barriers (DES8) with a weight of 0.156, and regulatory and policy challenges (DES2) with a weight of 0.144. Next, the findings of fuzzy TOPSIS revealed that enhancing financial viability and investment (PP2) has obtained the first rank plan with a score of 0.065, following fostering regulatory support and policy development (PP3) with a score of 0.063 and building public trust and engagement (PP10) with a score of 0.060. These policy plans play a crucial role in addressing the challenges associated with adopting digitalisation in China's energy sector, toward a more efficient, sustainable and resilient energy transition.
Association of Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical Frailty With Dementia Status in Older Adults: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Ye Fen , Zhou Weijiao , Pu Junlan , Chen Haobo , Wang Xiurong , Lee Jung Jae
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

The longitudinal patterns of change in physical frailty and their associations with the subsequent dementia risk remain unclear. This study aimed to (1) explore the long‐term trajectories of physical frailty over a 6‐year period in older adults without dementia at baseline; (2) identify the socio‐demographic and health‐related factors associated with different physical frailty trajectories; and (3) examine the longitudinal relationships between different physical frailty trajectories and subsequent risk of dementia.

Research Design and Methods

This national cohort study used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) conducted in the United States from 2015 to 2021 and included adults aged ≥ 65 without dementia (n = 2245) at baseline in 2015. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to describe the longitudinal changes. Socio‐demographic and health‐related characteristics were compared across the identified physical frailty trajectories using bivariate analyses, employing Rao–Scott chi‐square tests for categorical variables and design‐based F‐tests for continuous variables. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between different frailty trajectories and subsequent dementia status.

Results

Three frailty trajectories were identified: low‐stable (74.00%), low‐increasing (21.14%), and high‐level (4.86%). Participants in the low‐increasing and high‐level groups were predominantly older, female, minorities, unmarried, and less educated and had a lower income, more comorbidities, and greater anxiety and depression symptoms (p < 0.001). Compared with the low‐stable group, older adults in the low‐increasing group had higher risk of possible dementia (RRR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.41–3.97, p < 0.001) and probable dementia (RRR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.08–2.73, p = 0.02); similarly, older adults in the high‐level group had higher risks of possible dementia (RRR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.74–10.36, p < 0.001) and probable dementia (RRR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.32–6.76, p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in the risk of dementia between the high‐level frailty group and the low‐increasing frailty group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion and Implications

This study highlighted the importance of regular frailty monitoring for early detection and informed future interventions that could delay frailty progression and potentially reduce dementia risk.
Validation Study of the Iranian Version of Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF‐Q): A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Heravi‐Karimooi Majideh , Bandari Razieh , Eskandari Somayeh , Semnani Sahar , Rejeh Nahid , Montazeri Ali
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The Minnesota Life with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF‐Q), a globally recognized instrument, is widely used to assess the quality of life in heart failure (HF) patients. This study, conducted in Iran, investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MLHF‐Q and contributed to the global understanding of the quality of life assessment of HF patients.

Methods

In this methodological study, the MLHF‐Q was meticulously translated from English to Persian using a rigorous forward‐backward translation process. Subsequently, the Persian version was comprehensively assessed for content and face validity, structural validity (through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), reliability, and stability.

Results

Five hundred twenty‐seven heart failure patients participated in the study, with a mean age of 57.9 years (SD = 13.54). Exploratory factor analysis validated a three‐factor structure for the scale, and confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory model fit indices (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, IFI = 0.93). The questionnaire had exceptional internal consistency and reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97 and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.98, instilling confidence in our results' robustness.

Conclusion

The questionnaire used to measure the quality of life of heart patients is very accurate and reliable. It can evaluate the quality of life of these patients in three main sections (researchers, doctors, and patients).
Two‐Color Display System
Authors: Frost John S.
Published: February 2025

Two‐Color Display techniques, where two primaries are used to generate a near full spectrum of mixtures, are described in detail. The theoretical background, including principles of Chromatic Adaptation and Induced Colors are presented, together with an analysis of hue, saturation, and lightness interrelationships sufficient to afford prediction of results. A brief review of pertinent applications is given.
Scanning Techniques With Light Beams
Authors: Nagy G. T.
Published: February 2025

A survey and analysis of methods of optical deflection of light beams is presented in this paper. Coherent light beams could be used for small or large screen displays similar to the electron beam magnetic or electrostatic deflection, if light beam deflection methods are available with adequate deflection angle. The methods discussed in this paper are known and available in experimental stages. However, most of them are not yet practical for display applications because of the presently available small visible range laser output energy and yet inadequate deflection angle of the systems. Further developments in both fields could lead to practical systems. The scanning systems discussed include electro‐optical and mechanical solutions.
The Perception Of Flicker In Cathode Ray Tube Displays
Authors: Turnage Rodger Elmo
Published: February 2025

Experiments were conducted to measure the critical fusion frequency (cff) of flicker in cathode ray tube (CRT) displays under the conditions prevalent in information display system. Much published data is not applicable because CRT's were not used and the humans were adapted to scotopic vision, wide angle flickering fields, or low contrast targets.

Apparatus was constructed consisting of interchangeable CRT's with seven different phosphors and electronic equipment to modulate the CRT beam current with sinusoidal and rectangular pulse signals of variable frequency. Experimental data were obtained on a 5/32 inch sharp edged spot surrounded by a surface of 3 foot Lambert brightness and viewed at 12 to 15 inches. Curves of cff versus modulation index with sine modulation were determined on each phosphor at 10, 32, and 100 foot Lambert average brightness with from one to four observers. Curves of cff versus brightness with pulse modulation were obtained with three observers.

Results show that the cff of a phosphor‐human system is reduced substantially below the cff of a human by phosphor persistence. The relative ability of phosphors to reduce flicker can be predicted from their persistence characteristics. The phosphors ranked in order of their reduction of cff are: P12 (greatest reduction), P7 yellow component, P1, P28, P4, P31, and P20. The P28 phosphor tested exhibited neither the expected reduction of cff nor its published persistence.
Microelectronic Character Generator Employed in Computer Display Processor
Authors: Davis Samuel
Published: February 2025

The paper describes a microelectronic character generator developed by Litton Industries' Data Systems Div., and its application in computer display processing. The hardware described had been functioning satisfactorily since February 1965 at the time of writing, and, based upon principles described, more advanced designs have been achieved and implemented.
Dichroic Filters and Additive Color Displays
Authors: Rizy Edward F.
Published: February 2025

Large‐scale displays for Air Force Command and Control systems commonly color‐code displayed data. A repertory of seven codes is available through the technique of color addition, where dichroic filters split the white source into three primary colors, which are mixed on the screen to form colormixture codes as well. The author investigated the effect of dichroic filters of different reflectances upon observer performance on the seven color codes. The object of the study was to define performance parameters on filters, a preliminary step to setting filter specifications.

Statistically significant differences between filters and between color codes were detected and analyzed. In the dichroic filter arrangement adopted, blue‐red filter order, a blue filter reflecting wavelengths well into the green region facilitated performance in the majority of the color codes. A red filter close to the infrared in reflectance reduced performance in most codes. The most efficient color code, regardless of what filters were used, was red. Green, blue and cyan were the least efficient. Recommendations were made regarding options that would most likely lead to satisfactory seven‐color coding for additive displays.
Ultrarapid film systems for data display and computer interlock
Authors: Kerr Maxwell A.
Published: February 2025

Film systems can greatly reduce requirements for computer memory capacity and operations in automatic checkout equipment. They can also carry binary code data for interlock between the test step description on film and the test routine in a computer. The five dry‐process film systems outlined can record, process and project individual frames in less than two seconds. Three of the films are erasable. Some features of computer‐operated checkout systems are also useful in educational technology. A narrow‐band (240‐kHz) audio‐visual transmission and sound filmstrip record is proposed as an alternative to educational television.
The Relative Legibility of Uppercase and Lowercase Typewritten Words
Authors: Kinney Glenn C , Showman Diana J.
Published: February 2025

The relative legibilities of common words typewritten in all‐uppercase and all‐lowercase letters were studied in three experiments. Human subjects identified the words shown one at a time for a short period. All‐uppercase printing was found to be significantly more legible than all‐lowercase in all three experiments. The “word‐form” of all‐lowercase words was not found to influence word identification. The use of uppercase letters is recommended for displays.
Means for improving apparent television resolution
Authors: Hilborn Edwin H. , Stevenson Lloyd E.
Published: February 2025

A means is described for improving the apparent resolution of a television system without an increase in bandwidth. The technique depends on the short term temporal integration characteristics of the observer's visual system and involves a minimum of electronics. By use of a suitable switching time delay in one of the oscillators, the raster lines are displaced by a discrete fraction of the height of one line at the start of each frame, while maintaining precise interlace at both camera and monitor throughout both fields of the frame. Tests for accuracy of recognition of random alphabetic characters indicated improvements over a standard raster scan as great as 75% for the smallest characters employed.
A flexible computer graphic system for architectural design
Authors: Wood Roger C. , Hendren Philip
Published: February 2025

This paper describes a man‐machine communications system for the computer production of graphic displays for use in design. Recognizing that any design method which forces an unnatural pattern of behavior on the designer is bound to fail, the system couples the data input system to man's natural and highly developed skill in positioning a pencil upon a writing surface. The input media is a “Grafacon” tablet used to enter sketches on‐line into the computer and to selectively command specific operations to be performed on the sketches. The system operates on an IBM 1800 computer with a 16K memory, digital register input/output capability, and a Calcomp Plotter (series 500). The computer transforms the data and produces, on the plotter, various perspective views based on the sketches and keyboard command information. The program design and data organization are such that complex objects can be input and plotted in a few minutes. This work is specifically oriented toward applications in architectural design but the system as developed is general enough to find application in any problem requiring a three‐dimensional visual analysis based on a two‐dimensional graphic input. This paper illustrates a typical application of the system to visually pretest a building form as it would appear on its selected site. The generation of multiple views from different positions and viewing distances can simulate the visual experience of moving through an environment. It can also facilitate a thorough visual analysis as the design is progressively modified.
Standard Theatre Stereoptics Without Glasses – Part II
Authors: Collender Robert B.
Published: February 2025

A new concept of geometry and suggested implementation is presented, which allows single point projection from existing theatre projection booths, and the utilization of the existing present seating arrangement (with changes required only in a special complexed screen and a projector using a single strip of continuously moving special film).

The picture is photographed with the aid of an extended array of electronic imaging camera tubes, whose signals are gathered in a nearby mobile processing truck, and the total information is recorded on a single film in real time. A positive copy of this film is used by a special stationary high speed projector to project the 3‐D picture in a standard theatre. The information is time and space multiplexed to satisfy each person in the theatre with a separate perspective for his point of view. The field of view available to the audience is 180°.

The screen can be as large, or larger, than conventional wide screens, and is constructed of vertically dispersive direct reflective mirror type full screen height elements which are multi‐faceted and rotate at a slow constant speed. These elements are pre‐set in their phase relationship only once during the projection equipment set up and alignment procedure.
A storage oscilloscope with plasma display panel
Authors: Umeda Shozo , Tuba Teruo
Published: February 2025

A storage oscilloscopic display employing a plasma display panel with inherent memory is described. Constant luminance even with nonrepetitive phenomena is obtained. The panel employed has 128 × 128 cells with a pitch of 0.6 mm developed by Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. in Japan. Writing speed is reported to be 50 μs per picture element.
A Logic Character Generator for Use in a CRT Text Display
Authors: Thomas P.A.V. , Mennie W.E.
Published: February 2025

As part of a general graphics facility currently being developed around a DEC PDP 8/S, this character generator uses only standard logic modules to produce the necessary brightening pulses for a 5 × 7 dot matrix presentation. The matrix raster itself is generated by means of counter‐registers and D/A converters which facilitates the generation of three sizes of characters, provision for subscripting and superscripting, carriage return to the left hand side or a user set margin, and line feed with single or double spacing. The 60 ASCII character set is available and an extended character set could be generated by an extension of the same principles.
The Structural, Electronic and Vibrational Properties of LaCrO3$$ {}_3 $$. A Quantum Mechanical Investigation by Using an All Electron Gaussian Type Basis Set and a Full Range Hybrid Functional
Authors: El‐Kelany Khaled E. , Platonenko Alexander , Doll Klaus , Dovesi Roberto
Published: February 2025

The geometrical, electronic and vibrational properties of LaCrO have been investigated by using an all electron Gaussian type basis set, the B3LYP functional and the CRYSTAL code, and compared with KVF: in the two compounds the transition metal is formally in d configuration. The high spin t ground state excludes the Jahn Teller deformation and the orbital ordering. The energy gain due to the rotation of the octahedra (from the cubic space group Pm, N. 221, to space group , N.127, and to , N. 140) in the oxide is about 70 times larger than in the fluoride (5.4 vs. 0.08 mE), due to the larger electrostatic forces (a factor four, as the formal charge doubles in going from F− to O2−) and the consequently reduced B‐X distances. In KVF, the p states of fluorine are separated by 6.4 eV from the d states of vanadium, whose band is quite narrow (1 eV). In the oxide, on the contrary, the oxygen p states overlap to a large amount with the d states of chromium, whose band is more than 6 eV large. The FM and AFM energy differences, the spin density maps and profiles, and the Mulliken analysis data are also provided for documenting the differences between the oxide and the fluoride.
Probability Density Analysis Reveals Substantial Differences Between the Dinitrogen and Acetylene Triple Bonds
Authors: Heinz Michel V. , Gorgas Emma , Maser Nicole , Lüchow Arne
Published: February 2025

In earlier publications, it was shown that the electron positions maximizing the probability density resemble the Lewis structures for most small molecules. While this holds for the triple bond in acetylene, this is not the case for the triple bond in dinitrogen. Because of recent advances in studying the topology of wave functions, this peculiar case is revisited. In this work, the dinitrogen wave function is analyzed and compared to that of acetylene. Significant differences of the electron positions maximizing are uncovered and explained by the presence of hydrogen atoms in acetylene and by electron arrangements resulting from calculations of the nitrogen and carbon atoms. Moreover, insights into the electron delocalization of both molecules are gained by investigating electron exchange paths. Considering the different chemical behaviors of dinitrogen and acetylene, these differences should be expected.
AIMD‐Based Protocols for Modeling Exciplex Fluorescence Spectra and Inter‐System Crossing in Photocatalytic Chromophores
Authors: Giudetti Goran , Sharada Shaama Mallikarjun , Krylov Anna I.
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a computational protocol for modeling the emission spectra of exciplexes using excited‐state ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The protocol is applied to a model exciplex formed by oligo‐p‐phenylenes (OPPs) and triethylamine (TEA), which is of interest in the context of photocatalytic reduction of . AIMD facilitates efficient sampling of the conformational space of OPP3 and OPP4 exciplexes with TEA, offering a dynamic alternative to previously employed static methods. The AIMD‐based protocol successfully reproduces experimental emission spectra for OPP‐TEA exciplexes, agreeing with previous computational and experimental findings. The results show that AIMD simulations provide an efficient means of sampling the conformational space of these exciplexes, requiring less user input and, in some instances, fewer computational resources than multiple excited‐state optimizations initiated from user‐specified initial structures. The study also evaluates the yield of intersystem crossing (ISC) using AIMD and Landau‐Zener probability. The results suggest that ISC is a minor decay channel for OPP3 and OPP4. This work provides new insights into the structural flexibility and emission characteristics of OPP‐TEA photoredox catalyst systems, potentially contributing to improved design strategies for organic chromophores in reduction applications.
Prenatal Diagnostics Using Deep Learning: A Dual Approach to Plane Localization and Cerebellum Segmentation in Ultrasound Images
Authors: Vetriselvi D. , Thenmozhi R.
Published: February 2025

Objective

The fetal ultrasound examination is the significant task of mid‐term pregnancy inspection and the accurate localization as well as the segmentation of the cerebellum is crucial for clinical diagnosis. This research focuses on developing deep learning techniques for prenatal prediction of neurodevelopmental disorders using 5th‐month ultrasound brain images.

Methods

The study introduces two specialized convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: the differential CNN for plane localization and the dual CNN for cerebellum segmentation which are critical for accurate diagnostics during prenatal care. The differential CNN incorporates six different convolutional operators to capture diverse features for precise localization of specific planes within images. The dual CNN architecture integrates both the original image and complementary information such as feature maps, to enhance segmentation accuracy for the cerebellum. The models are trained on annotated datasets of ultrasound images, validated, and tested on separate datasets.

Results

The effectiveness of the proposed CNN architectures is determined by performing the specific tasks of plane localization and cerebellum segmentation, respectively. The proposed models achieved high performances of 98.6% and 0.956% from accuracy and dice coefficient (DSC) compared to existing approaches in medical image analysis.

Conclusion

The findings of this study have significant implications for the prenatal prediction of neurodevelopmental disorders, offering a promising advancement in prenatal care and early diagnostics. The custom CNN architectures tailored to the specific tasks of plane localization and cerebellum segmentation highlight the importance of task‐specific model design in medical imaging. While the study acknowledges certain limitations and challenges, the power of deep learning is analyzed for marking the benefit of healthcare and neurodevelopmental disorder prediction during pregnancy.
Mid‐term comparison of new‐onset AHRE between His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing in patients with AV block
Authors: Pestrea Catalin , Cicala Ecaterina , Enache Roxana , Rusu Marcela , Gavrilescu Radu , Vaduva Adrian , Risca Sever , Clapon Dana , Ortan Florin
Published: February 2025

Background

Atrial high‐rate episodes (AHRE) detected by cardiac implanted electronic devices are known markers for adverse cardiac events. Previous studies have shown that the incidence of new‐onset AHREs in patients with right ventricular pacing reaches 50%. At the same time, His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) were associated with significantly fewer AHRE. This study aimed to compare the incidence of new‐onset AHRE between HBP and LBBAP in patients with atrioventricular block and no history of atrial fibrillation.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐two patients, fifty‐nine with HBP and eighty‐three with LBBAP for advanced atrioventricular block, were prospectively followed for new‐onset AHRE.

Results

The mean follow‐up period was 624 ± 148.6 days for the HBP patients and 663.4 ± 157.4 days for the LBBAP patients. New‐onset AHRE was encountered in 8 of 59 patients (13.5%) with HBP and 14 of 83 (16.8%) with LBBAP (hazard ratio—0.91, log rank p = .84). In the multivariate Cox regression model, HBP and LBBAP had similar predictive values, while only age and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with new‐onset AHRE occurrence.

Conclusion

HBP and LBBAP were associated with a similar incidence of device‐detected new‐onset AHRE during a medium‐term follow‐up period in patients with atrioventricular block and no history of atrial fibrillation.
Protein and energy digestibility in preterm infants fed fortified human milk
Authors: Kappel Susanne Soendergaard , Sangild Per Torp , Zachariassen Gitte , Andersen Julie Hvid , Rasmussen Kirsten Kørup , Jeppesen Palle Bekker , Aunsholt Lise
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The objective of the present study is to determine whether the apparent nutrient digestibility differs between very preterm infants fortified with bovine colostrum (BC) compared to those fortified with a conventional fortifier (CF), building on previous findings that BC was associated with looser stools and reduced need for laxatives in very preterm infants (VPI).

Methods

We conducted a 24‐h digestibility balance study in 10 VPIs to assess the retention of protein, energy, and wet‐weight following the intake of fortified human milk and collection of faecal excretions. Infants (n = 5) were matched by gestational age and birthweight.

Results

In the 10 infants, the mean gestational age and birthweight were 28 ± 1 weeks and 899 ± 182 g, respectively. Infants fortified with BC had a higher faecal energy loss compared with infants fortified with CF (BC: 178 [range 111–205] vs. CF: 153 [96–235] kJ/kg, p < 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found for wet‐weight intake (421 [360–427] vs. 494 [328–500] kJ/kg), relative absorption of protein (60 [33–75] vs. 50 [33–75]%) or absolute protein absorption (249 [159–310) vs. 281 [210–347]).

Conclusion

Nutrient absorption was similar between groups although higher energy loss indicates reduced overall digestibility of BC versus CF, however, with a large variation within each group. Studies on more infants are required to confirm these results. A 24‐h digestibility balance study can successfully be used to assess nutrient and energy retention in preterm infants.
Internationalization, Dynamic Capabilities, and Innovation: Unveiling the Impact on Hotel Chain Performance
Authors: Rienda Laura , Andreu Rosario , Ruiz‐Fernández Lorena
Published: February 2025

The indirect effect of dynamic capabilities on performance has recently emerged as a topic of significant interest and debate in management research. In turbulent environments such as the international hotel industry, where companies constantly innovate to improve their performance, it is important to consider the effect of these dynamic capabilities. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill the gap by analyzing the role of dynamic capabilities (influenced by the degree of hotel chain internationalization) in innovation, and their subsequent impact on hotel chain performance. The study employs a combination of primary and secondary sources, comprising 107 surveys from Spanish hotel chains, to analyze the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The findings indicate that only hotel chains that are committed to internationalization and possess the capacity to develop dynamic capabilities can leverage innovation to achieve enhanced performance. Thus, hotel chains must prioritize dynamic capabilities to navigate market changes such as technological advancements or sustainability trends, which are vital for maintaining competitiveness in the global market.
Multiple Mutations—A Genetic Marker for Extracapsular Spread in Human Papillomavirus/p16‐Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Graessle Raphaela , Piwonski Iris , Husemann Cora , Kleo Karsten , Sabtan Deema , Franzen Achim , Olze Heidi , Erben Ulrike , Hummel Michael , Coordes Annekatrin
Published: February 2025

Background

In the 8th edition of the TNM classification, extracapsular spread (ECS) became a factor in classifying the UICC stage of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCC). We aimed to find genetic markers for ECS and to identify differences between HPV/p16‐positive and HPV/p16‐negative cases.

Methods

We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing on 99 samples of operable OPSCC and a retrospective analysis of clinical data.

Results

We included 55 HPV/p16‐positive and 44 HPV/p16‐negative patients. We found a significant difference between both groups, particularly in TP53 mutation (p < 0.001). Among other things, a small primary tumor (p < 0.001), no ECS (p = 0.026) were identified as predictors for survival. Multiple mutations were associated with an increased incidence of ECS, especially in HPV+/p16+ cases (p = 0.017). A mutation in PIK3CA occurred more frequently in nonsmokers, especially in HPV−/p16− patients (p = 0.027). A PTEN mutation—which only occurred in HPV+/p16+ tissues—reduced disease‐free survival (DFS, p = 0.026).

Conclusion

The presence of multiple mutations in HPV+/p16+ OPSCC was associated with a higher risk of ECS.

Level of Evidence

3
Bragging About Valuable Resources? The Dual Effect of Companies’ AI and Human Self‐Promotion
Authors: Vorobeva Darina , Pinto Diego Costa , González‐Jiménez Héctor , António Nuno
Published: February 2025

As companies actively invest in self‐promotion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowered services to sustain their competitive advantage, there is a growing potential for such promotional activities to backfire. Bridging signaling theory with the resource‐based view, this research reveals that companies’ self‐promotion of AI resources can reduce customers’ willingness to engage with AI‐based (vs. human‐based) services. Four studies, including text mining and experiments, demonstrate that companies’ self‐promotion of AI‐based resources has a detrimental effect on willingness to engage, and concurrently perceived as exaggeration. In contrast, companies’ self‐promotion about human‐related resources yields beneficial outcomes, since such promotional signals contribute to the enhancement of human capital. The findings suggest that self‐discrepancy and trust are the key underlying factors driving the effects as customers may experience a discrepancy between their expectations of human‐like service interactions and actual AI capabilities. Additionally, findings reveal the moderating effect of honest (vs. self‐promotional) framing on the relationship between service type (AI vs. human) and willingness to engage. Customer perceptions of AI appear less influenced by presentation style compared to perceptions of human resources. This research provides valuable insights into how customers respond to companies’ self‐promotion of AI resources and emphasizes the need for promotional alignment with customers’ expectations about AI.
Modeling Hybrid Crossover Dynamics of Immuno‐Chemotherapy and Gene Therapy: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Abou Hasan Muner. M. , AL‐Mekhlafi Seham. M. , Rihan Fathala. A. , Al‐Ali Hannah. A.
Published: February 2025

A piecewise fractional differential equation (deterministic–stochastic differential equation or vice versa) has appeared in recent literature. Piecewise operators are used to study crossover real data effectively. By using stochastic–deterministic piecewise hybrid fractional derivatives, with hybrid fractional‐order and variable‐order fractional operators, this paper extends the deterministic model of immuno‐chemotherapy with gene therapy and time delay. The immuno‐chemotherapy with gene therapy combines traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy with genetic engineering techniques to enhance the immune system's ability to target and destroy cancer cells. This offers a multifaceted approach to cancer treatment, potentially enhancing effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Two approximation techniques are used to solve the proposed model numerically. In the hybrid fractional deterministic models, we use the nonstandard Caputo proportional constant finite difference method, and in the stochastic models, we use the nonstandard Milstein technique. We examine the stability analysis of these methods to ensure their efficiency. Both the theoretical results and the efficiency of the methods are confirmed by numerical tests. New piecewise operators are illustrated by the curves presented. Studying the introduced piecewise fractional differential immuno‐chemotherapy model with gene therapy and time delay along with a stochastic case greatly explained the dynamics of immuno‐chemotherapy interaction.
Besov‐Type Spaces Associated With Dunkl Wavelet Transform on ℝ$$ \mathbb{R} $$
Authors: Verma Randhir Kumar , Prasad Akhilesh
Published: February 2025

We define the Besov‐type spaces related to Dunkl transform. We extend the concept of continuous wavelet transform on space and derive continuity of Dunkl wavelet transform on Besov‐type spaces. We characterize the Besov–Dunkl space by using Dunkl wavelet coefficients. Lastly, boundedness results in a generalized Besov space and Lizorkin–Triebel space are discussed.
4D Dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast CT: Phantom‐based reconstruction parameter optimization for iodine quantification
Authors: Mikerov Mikhail , Pautasso Juan J. , Goris Liselot , Michielsen Koen , Sechopoulos Ioannis
Published: February 2025

Background

Four‐dimensional dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast CT (4D DCE‐bCT) offers promising high‐resolution spatial and temporal imaging capabilities for the characterization and monitoring of breast tumors. However, the optimal combination of parameters for iodine quantification in image space remains to be determined.

Purpose

This study aims to optimize a dedicated bCT system to perform long dynamic contrast‐enhanced scans with high spatio‐temporal resolution while maintaining a reasonable radiation dose.

Methods

Our protocol includes the acquisition of a high‐quality prior image that is reconstructed with a polychromatic iterative algorithm (IMPACT). The acquisition of the post‐contrast sequence is continuous but sparse and these images are reconstructed using prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS). A four‐step optimization process is performed using images of a physical phantom. First, the optimal tube current is selected by taking the noise level into account. Second, the optimal number of angles is selected based on the absence of streak artifacts. Third, the number of iterations in IMPACT is specified at the lowest value that achieves the highest spatial resolution. Finally, the number of iterations in PICCS is determined based on the quantitative accuracy of a range of iodine concentrations.

Results

When a high‐quality prior image is available, the imaging of post‐contrast images can be performed using just 40 projection angles with a tube current of 32 mA. The noise level in the post‐contrast images is inherited from the prior image and no streak artifacts are visible. Mean difference between the linear attenuation coefficients of samples containing iodine reconstructed with IMPACT using all 360 projections and PICCS using 40 projections is 0.0004 at most. The spatial resolution of images reconstructed with PICCS is lower than the one of IMPACT images and is concentration dependent. The cut‐off frequency at 10% modulation transfer function drops from 1.55 in the prior image to 0.9 when the target with the largest concentration is evaluated. The total mean glandular dose of the protocol does not exceed 22.5 mGy.

Conclusions

This study found the optimal acquisition and reconstruction parameters for a low‐dose dynamic contrast‐enhanced bCT protocol. The numerical accuracy of the proposed protocol was ensured by performing a physical phantom study.
Tissue‐to‐fluid water‐exchange imaging using T2‐selective saturation labeling
Authors: Taso Manuel , Alsop David C.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To propose and implement a new method to study water exchange between brain tissue and fluids.

Methods

An MLEV T2‐preparation combined with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nulling inversion recovery was implemented in combination with an ultralong–echo time (TE) three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo readout. To handle systematic imperfections and isolate the exchange signal, T2‐prepared images were subtracted from one of two control images. The first control turned off the T2 preparation and adjusted inversion timing to correct for relaxation. The second control used the same T2 preparation but shifted in time. Preparations were implemented on a 3T scanner and tested in 14 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the exchange signal magnitude and distribution, as well as robustness against B1 imperfection and intrasession reproducibility. We also compared the signal to that measured with ultralong‐TE arterial spin labeling, another suggested marker of water exchange.

Results

Initial experiments using the T2‐preparation off control demonstrated a detectable exchange signal especially in the choroid plexus, but with substantial residual signal in CSF spaces, suggesting imperfect subtraction of non‐exchanging spins. When using the time shifted control, we greatly reduced subtraction errors. Signal was consistently measured in the choroid plexus and at the boundaries between cortex and CSF with much higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution than ultralong‐TE arterial spin labeling.

Conclusions

The measured water exchange distribution appears consistent with the localization of aquaporin channels at the CSF boundary. Because aquaporin activity may reflect CSF production and glymphatic clearance, our method may provide a noninvasive marker of these functions.
Improving the neonatal mask ventilation skills of non‐airway experts using the “Five Breath Method”: A simulation study
Authors: Clebone Anna
Published: February 2025

Trainees in several medical disciplines are expected to achieve competence in neonatal resuscitation. Managing the neonatal airway requires faculties in mask ventilation. Many trainees, however, have limited clinical experience with this skill. An algorithmic method incorporating the steps an airway expert would use for neonatal mask ventilation was designed. The goal of teaching this system, the “Five Breath Method,” is to assist trainees with learning and incorporating the steps of neonatal mask ventilation into clinical practice. We hypothesized that for pediatric residents, participating in a teaching session on the Five Breath Method would significantly decrease the time to achieve ventilation (“air entry”) in a resuscitation scenario. A pilot study was completed on the Five Breath Method with 23 pediatric residents as subjects. Training in the Five Breath Method reduced the time required to achieve air entry using a neonatal simulator. Subjects required 57 [29–149 and 13–180] seconds (median [interquartile range and minimum–maximum]) before the teaching session and 16 [10–35 and 8–60] seconds after learning the Five Breath Method; Z = −4.11, and P < 0.001. For the 14 of the original subjects who were able to participate in the follow‐up study 2–5 months later, 24 [22–38 and 12–69] seconds (median [interquartile range and minimum–maximum]) were required to achieve air entry in the identical experimental scenario. This showed an improvement in time to air entry when compared to that before training; Z = −2.42, and P = 0.01552. This study showed that as little as 10 min of training could drastically improve skills. Learning the Five Breath Method also led to retention of skills over time.
Effect of functional monomers on the binding properties of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for selective recognition of dexamethasone
Authors: Adauto Anais , Khan Sabir , Vega‐Chacón Jaime , Sotomayor Maria D. P. T. , Picasso Gino
Published: February 2025

This study examined the feasibility of removing dexamethasone (DEX) from aqueous solutions using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The binding energy, used to evaluate the affinity between imprinted molecule and functional monomer, was calculated for DEX using molecular simulation via the density functional theory method. From this approach, three different functional monomers were tested: methacrylic acid, N‐(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate designated as MIP‐DEX1, MIP‐DEX2, MIP‐DEX3, respectively. All of them were prepared by the precipitation polymerization method, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate used as the crosslinker. Moreover, the kinetics of adsorption and adsorption isotherms were evaluated using different models to assess the adsorption mechanisms of DEX on polymers. The results showed that equilibrium between the polymer and DEX is reached at 180 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 117.27 mg g−1 for sample MIP‐DEX3. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of DEX on the polymers fits very well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich model, suggesting that the sorption process occurs on a heterogeneous surface of the polymer cavities. The thermodynamic study confirms the role of selectivity cavities, exhibited in the sample MIP‐DEX3. Reusability tests and application on real samples suggest that the synthesized polymers are promising adsorbents.

Highlights

The functional monomer was chosen using a semiempirical computational simulation.

Three monomers were tested to study their influence on dexamethasone recognition.

The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared from 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate achieved the maximum analyte adsorption.

Our MIP exhibited a selectivity constant of 41.11 in the presence of cortisone.

The prepared MIP was successfully reused and tested for dexamethasone in real water samples.
The Influence of Soldering Flux on Stability of Heterojunction and TOPCon Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Haoran , Sen Chandany , Fu Jiexi , Khan Muhammad Umair , Song Hao , Lv Ruirui , Conibeer Gavin , Hoex Bram
Published: February 2025

Silicon heterojunction technology (HJT) and tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell technologies are expected to dominate the photovoltaic market in the coming years. However, there are still some concerns about the long‐term stability of these technologies. This work examines the effects of two widely used commercial soldering fluxes (Flux A and Flux B) on the stability of commercial silicon HJT and TOPCon solar cells. The soldering flux was applied to the solar cells, and the solar cells were annealed at 85°C under a relative humidity (RH) of 0%. The investigated TOPCon solar cells were found to be stable; however, significant degradation was observed in the HJT solar cells after only 50 h. The efficiency of the HJT cells decreased by ~61%rel with Flux A and ~55%rel with Flux B, respectively. We attribute part of the observed degradation to pores present in the HJT cell metallisation after printing, which allow the soldering flux to easily penetrate the contact and subsequently react with the paste constituents. In addition, we find that the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is very sensitive to soldering flux, showing major cracks and significant peeling after 50 h of annealing. Consequently, this work shows that some soldering flux can react with the ITO layer, without requiring the presence of water. This suggests that certain types of soldering flux can harm HJT solar cells even after encapsulation without the need for moisture ingress. Therefore, paying more attention to the choice of soldering flux is essential, especially when working with HJT cells. It is strongly recommended that users perform comprehensive component analysis testing on soldering fluxes before their official use rather than solely relying on datasheets provided by suppliers.
The Role of Muscle Architecture as a Determinant of Functional Performance in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cigercioglu Nazli , Bazancir‐Apaydin Zilan , Unuvar‐Yuksel Ezgi , Apaydin Hakan , Baltaci Gul , Guney‐Deniz Hande
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with early muscular alterations and muscle weakness, which contribute to disease progression. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the potential exacerbation of lower extremity muscle architecture and its impact on functional performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscle architecture, femoral cartilage thickness, age, body mass index (BMI), pain severity, and functional performance in middle‐aged women with KOA.

Methods

A total of 87 patients diagnosed with KOA (mean age = 51.48 ± 4.89 years, mean BMI = 27.96 ± 4.66 kg/m2) were included in the study. Ultrasonography was used to assess muscle thickness, adipose tissue thickness, pennation angle, and the muscle/adipose tissue thickness ratio (MATR) of the Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles. Physical performance was evaluated through the stair‐climbing test and the 10‐time sit to stand test. Pearson's correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used.

Results

The pennation angle of the VL and pain level predicted sit to stand test results; the pennation angle of RF, age, BMI and pain level predicted stair‐climbing test results (p < 0.001). Femoral cartilage thickness at the medial condyle, intercondylar area, and lateral condyle correlated with performance in both tests (p < 0.001). Additionally, age, BMI, pain intensity, muscle thickness, pennation angle and MATR of RF, VL, and VM correlated with both functional tests (p < 0.05).

Discussion

Muscle architecture alterations correlated with functional test results in patients with KOA. Understanding the influence of muscle architecture on functional parameters can facilitate the development of effective rehabilitation strategies to preserve and optimize patient function before it becomes compromised.

Trial Registration

Enrolled in clinical trials and awaiting approval.
Whole‐Body Vibration Without Visual Feedback on Postural Steadiness in Unilateral Trans‐Femoral Traumatic Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elfeky Heba M. , Elfahl Ahmed M. , Mohamed Hanaa S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Unilateral traumatic trans‐femoral amputees exhibit a higher incidence of falling and become physically asymmetrical because the side that was amputated has different feelings and less muscle.

Objectives

To explore the impact of Whole‐body vibration Without Visual Feedback (VFDWBV) on postural steadiness in unilateral traumatic trans‐ femoral amputees.

Methods

A double‐blinded randomized controlled study of technology and information was conducted at a modern university. A total of 108 individuals, 40–55 years who had experienced a traumatic amputation of one leg above the knee were divided into three groups: group A received whole body vibration (WBV) with their eyes opened, group B received (VFDWBV), and group C received conservative treatment only. The stability of the prosthetic leg, stability limit, and sway index (m–CTSIB) were assessed at the beginning and after 12 weeks. Sessions occurred three times each week.

Results

Significant statistical differences were seen in the stability of prosthetic legs, the limit of stability, and (m–CTSIB) between groups A and B, considering the treatment interaction (F = 24.8, p = 0.001). Additionally, the group receiving VFDWBV showed a more significant improvement in postural steadiness than those receiving WBV and the control group.

Conclusion

Utilizing VFDWBV at a frequency of 30 HZ can significantly enhance the stability of posture in individuals with unilateral traumatic trans‐femoral amputations.

Trial Registration

The study was registered with the Clinical Trials.gov (NCT06284733).