bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Disaster Framing of the Stress Process: A Test of an Expanded Model
Authors: Haines Valerie A. , Hurlbert Jeanne S. , Hurlbert Jeanne S.
Published: January 2023

Studies of the negative mental health consequences of natural disasters form an important interface between environmental sociology and medical sociology. Building upon recent developments in both fields, we develop an expanded model of the disaster framing of the stress process and test its main effects and buffer specifications with data on the preparation and short-term recovery phases of Hurricane Andrew. We found that instrumental forms of social support ameliorated psychological distress, but we found only weak support for the buffer model. Our results suggest that expanding the range of environmental changes that is included in conceptualizations of stress and exploring contextual effects at the personal network and local community levels would improve our understanding of the stress process inside and outside the disaster context. They also highlight the importance of paying close attention to the types and timing of support transactions following life-threatening events.
Efficacy of intra-arterial lidocaine administration on pain and inflammatory response after uterine artery embolization for symptomatic fibroids
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Han Kichang , Kim So Yeon , Kim Man-Deuk , Kwon Joon Ho , Kim Gyoung Min , Moon Sungmo
Published: January 2023

Background

There have been conflicting outcomes regarding the use of lidocaine to reduce pain after uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy of intra-arterial lidocaine injection for pain and inflammatory response control within 24 h of UAE for symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Material and Methods

Of 1530 patients who underwent UAE for uterine fibroids in 2007–2021, 5 mL of 1% lidocaine was injected into each uterine artery immediately after UAE in 23 patients. A disease-matched control group (n = 23) who did not receive intra-arterial lidocaine was generated from the same registry. The pain score, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and fentanyl consumption were compared before and after UAE. Complete infarction of the dominant fibroid was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Significantly lower WBC count, CRP level, and NLR were noted 24 h after UAE in the lidocaine group. No statistically significant difference was noted in the pain score between groups at 0–24 h. The cumulative fentanyl dose administered during the first 24 h after UAE was not significantly different. After embolization, fibroid-related symptoms resolved in all patients. No significant difference was observed in the rate of complete infarction of the dominant fibroid.

Conclusion

Lidocaine administration immediately after UAE resulted in a significant reduction in the inflammatory response. However, such a difference in the inflammatory reaction did not contribute to significant reductions in pain scores or fentanyl consumption.
Online information seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-country analysis
Authors: Khosrowjerdi Mahmood , Fylking Cecilia Black , Zeraatkar Neda
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the coronavirus-related web-searching patterns of people from the 10 most affected nations in September 2020. The authors extracted all searches for the sample nations, consisting of the two words ‘COVID-19’ and ‘coronavirus’ and their variations, from Google Trends for the complete year of 2020. The results showed a discrepancy due to the priority of the language used during searches for coronavirus-related information. The time span of the attention level of citizens towards coronavirus-related information was relatively short (about one month). This supports the assumption of the activation model of information exposure that information which generates a negative affect is not welcomed by users. The findings have practical implications for governments and health authorities in, for example, launching information services for citizens in the early months of a pandemic and them remaining as the preferred source of information for citizens.
Establishment of acute liver failure model in Tibetan miniature pig and verified by dual plasma molecular adsorption system
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhou Chenjie , Fu Yu , Zhang Linya , Liu Shusong , Cai Lei , Jiang Zesheng , Xu Xiaoping , Feng Lei , Gao Yi
Published: January 2023

Background:

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Animal models are important for research on ALF. This study aimed to establish a reproducible, Tibetan miniature pig model of D-galactosamine-induced ALF and verify it using a dual plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS).

Methods:

Tibet miniature pigs were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) after catheterization. D-galactosamine (D-gal) at 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, and 0.35 g/kg body weight, respectively, was injected through the catheter. Group D was treated with DPMAS 48 h after D-gal administration. Vital signs and blood index values were recorded every 12 h after D-gal administration. H&E, TUNEL, Ki67, and Masson staining tests were performed.

Results:

After D-gal administration, Tibetan miniature pigs developed different degrees of debilitation, loss of appetite, and jaundice. Survival times of groups A, B, C, and D were 39.7 ± 5.9, 53.0 ± 12.5,61.3 ± 8.1, and 61 ± 7 h, respectively. Blood levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, ammonia, PT, and inflammation factors significantly increased compared with baseline levels in the different groups ( Ps < 0.05). Pathological results revealed a clear liver cell necrosis positive correlation with D-gal dose. However, DPMAS did not increase the survival time in ALF, ammonia, or liver cell necrosis.

Conclusion:

We successfully established a reproducible Tibetan miniature pig model of d-galactosamine-induced ALF, and we believe that a dosage of 0.35 g/kg is optimal.
Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation anticoagulant therapy: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Tong Yaowei , Rouzhahong Julaiti , Zhou Wangtao , Wang Rui , Wang Yuqiang , Ren Yucheng , Guo Ju , Li Ying , Wang Zhengkai , Song Yunlin
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

There were controversial opinions on the use of bivalirudin versus heparin for anticoagulant therapy in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The aim of our present study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus heparin for the maintenance of systemic anticoagulation during adult veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO).

Methods:

Adult patients who received V-V ECMO support in our center between February 2018and February 2022 were retrospectively recruited. We analyzed their ECMO support time, platelet count, coagulation indicators, blood product infusion volume, the incidence of thrombosis and bleeding, probability of successful weaning of ECMO, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

A total of 58 patients received V-V ECMO support. Thirty-four patients were finally included according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 14 and 20 accepted bivalirudin and heparin for anticoagulant therapy, respectively. The Minimum platelet value (98.50 × 109/L (85.50, 123.75) vs 49.50 × 109/L (31.25, 83.00), p = 0.002) and mean platelet value (149.90 × 109/L (127.40, 164.80) vs 74.55 × 109/L (62.45, 131.60), p = 0.03) and the ratio of successful weaning of ECMO (92.8% vs 60.0%, p = 0.033) in bivalirudin group were significantly higher than those in heparin group. The red blood cell infusion volume (7.00 U (3.00, 13.25) vs 13.75 U (7.25, 22.63), p = 0.039), platelet infusion volume (0.00 mL (0.00, 75.00) vs 300 mL (0.00, 825.00), p = 0.027), and the incidence of major bleeding (0.00% vs 30%, p = 0.024) in bivalirudin group were significantly lower than those in heparin group.

Conclusions:

In V-V ECMO-supported adult patients, systemic anticoagulation with bivalirudin has achieved the same anticoagulation targets as heparin with less frequency of major bleeding events and lower requirement for blood products without significantly increased risk of thrombosis. Bivalirudin most likely is a safe and effective anticoagulation method for adult patients supported by V-V ECMO.
Exploitation of Labor or Exploitation of Commodities?
Authors: Basu Deepankar
Published: January 2023

Attempts to use commodities to construct theories of value and use such value theory to claim that, in capitalism, commodities can be exploited, just like labor is, rest on two conceptual flaws: (a) failure to distinguish between labor and labor power and (b) failure to distinguish labor power and other commodities. One way to avoid these conceptual mistakes is to use the labor theory of value.

JEL Classification: B51
Moving Forward to a World Beyond 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 Effects Sizes: New Cutoffs for School-Based Anti-Bullying Interventions
Authors: Panjeh Sareh , Nordahl-Hansen Anders , Cogo-Moreira Hugo
Published: January 2023

Effect sizes of school-based intervention are commonly described as small to moderate when using Cohen’s conventional effect size cutoffs (small [0.2], medium [0.5], and large [0.8]). However, Jacob Cohen’s rule of thumb might vary across different areas of research, nature of the intervention, and population, because effect sizes are context-dependent. Moreover, when planning research studies, minimum detectable effect sizes are used to calculate the sample size. In the present study, we investigate whether conventional effect size cutoffs (small [0.2], medium [0.5], and large [0.8]) represent the reported distribution of effect sizes in school-based anti-bullying intervention. To determine small, medium, and large effect sizes, we calculated the effect size distribution (ESD) using 50th percentile effect size (medium effect) of the distributions of effect sizes provided by a recent meta-analysis on school-based anti-bullying intervention. Also, the 25th and 75th percentile effects, as they are equidistant from the average effect size, were used redefining small and large effects, respectively. Results showed that 0.07, 0.123, and 0.227 represent small, medium, and large effect sizes in anti-bullying interventions. Our results indicate that Cohen’s suggested effect size thresholds (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8) overestimate effect sizes when compared to the real-world context of school based anti-bullying interventions. We also propose sample sizes required to reliably detect small, medium, and large percentile effect sizes in anti-bullying interventions.
A Qualitative Inquiry Into the Sources of Resilience Found Among Maximum Security Correctional Officers
Authors: Gist Jon T.A. , Ferdik Frank , Smith Hayden P.
Published: January 2023

Resilient individuals are better able to cope with trauma, and overcome life’s adversities. Correctional officers are routinely exposed to workplace stressors that can be psychologically harmful. For these essential workers, resilience, therefore, offers a way to counteract the aversive conditions of their employment. In light of its importance in promoting mental wellness, studies have explored antecedents of resilience, yet few of which were conducted among correctional officers. To address this literature void, open-ended questionnaire data were collected from maximum-security corrections officers ( N = 193) working in a southeastern state to understand the factors they believe most crucial in developing resilience. Respondents identified seven key themes associated with resilience, including co-worker support, establishing purpose in life, individual characteristics, self-care, life balance, prayer/meditation, and finally, maintaining positive attitudes. Results are discussed in light of interventions targeted at improving correctional officer mental health.
Understanding the Stakes: The Influence of Accountability Policy Options on Teachers’ Responses
Authors: Levatino Antonina , Parcerisa Lluís , Verger Antoni
Published: January 2023

Under test-based accountability, side-effects —including practices to inflate test results, often seen as cheating—are usually associated to so-called high-stakes policies. However, the influence of different types of stakes in the generation of this type of practices has been overlooked in education research. Based on a survey experiment, our results indicate that the type and level of stakes of accountability systems (e.g., high- vs. low-stakes, material vs. symbolic) do not differ in triggering side-effects. Counterintuitively, individual symbolic consequences trigger similar reactions among teachers than material incentives. In-depth interviews give insights into the social mechanisms that lead to symbolic effects having such an influence in understanding teachers’ reactivity to accountability.
Tire deformation measurement technology based on digital image correlation method
Authors: Liang Chen , Shen Yucheng , Shan Maoqing , Li Han
Published: January 2023

The contact between the tire and the road surface causes tread deformation, and using traditional methods to measure tire tread deformation is difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, based on the principle of the digital image correlation method, this paper develops a binocular vision measurement system and realizes the measurement of tire tread deformation through the test bench for tire ground pressure distribution measurement. The related programs of the measurement system, including camera calibration, image matching, and strain fitting, are proposed. The deformation measurement accuracy of the test bench is validated by the sprayed speckle rubber sheet test, and the relative error of the theoretical value and measurement value is within 2%. The tire tread deformation test under static loading conditions was carried out using the test bench, and the tread strain distribution in the contact area was obtained. The analysis of the test results shows that the strain distribution in the contact patch is axisymmetric under static loading conditions. The longitudinal (tire rolling direction) deformation of the tread at the leading edge and the trailing edge area of the contact patch has the largest strain, while the deformation of the shoulder area on both sides of the contact patch is relatively small. For lateral (tire axial direction) deformation, the leading edge and the trailing edge areas of the contact patch are less deformed, and the strain distribution is approximately axisymmetric. The shoulder area of the contact surface has a larger deformation. The tire’s outer shoulder area has a larger deformation than the inside shoulder area, which may be due to the asymmetric tread structure of the tire. For the vertical deformation of the tread, the central area of the tread has the smallest strain, while the surrounding area has a much larger vertical strain.
Numerical investigation for acoustic performance improvement of a forklift exhaust muffler with the influence of flow and temperature fields
Authors: Zhang Enlai , Chen Yi , Tian Shuwen , Chen Xianyi
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the acoustic performance of an internal combustion forklift exhaust muffler, this paper considered the influence of air flow and temperature, based on the flow field analysis theory, the exhaust muffler’s fluid domain model at the highest engine speed was established, that is, the complex flow and temperature fields were numerically simulated with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and the acoustic calculation was carried out by the finite element mothod (FEM), obtaining the velocity and temperature cloud maps and transmission loss curve. In addition, according to the simulation results, the improvement strategy towards intake pipe structural parameters was proposed. Numerical simulations indicate that for the improved exhaust muffler, flow eddy regions are obviously decreased, temperature gradient distribution is uniform, the transmission loss in most frequency bands and the overall sound attenuation effect are improved, which will lay a technical foundation for future physical application and multi-field coupling research.
A multimodal discourse study of selected COVID-19 online public health campaign texts in Nigeria
Authors: Ope-Davies (Opeibi) Tunde , Shodipe Mojisola
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses web-based public health discursive practices during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. It utilises a multimodal discourse approach to explore how a combination of textual and visual resources was deployed to communicate informative and educative public health safety campaigns during the period. Essentially, this study discusses multimodal resources as a rhetorical technique for creating a public discursive engagement space designed to educate the public and mitigate the effect of the pandemic. The dataset was collected during and after the lockdown in 2020 (March–September) through media monitoring and manual downloading of relevant online COVID-19 posts, messages and public health advisories largely from WhatsApp platforms and the portals of some Nigerian national newspapers. Using insights from relevant approaches in discourse analysis (e.g. Multimodal Discourse and Critical Discourse Analysis), we adopted a qualitative content analysis approach to analyse on how online posts as multimodal resources amplify the role of social media affordances in producing and promoting public safety messages helped to control the spread and mitigate the effects of the pandemic. The study also shows that discursive and multimodal resources were deliberately deployed to increase the effectiveness of the technology-driven public health campaign. To a large extent, multimodal resources were found to complement lexico-semantic properties of online communication, where social media messages are created, crafted and reconstructed within a uniquely Nigerian public discourse context. The study further illustrates the increasing importance of web-based platforms as discursive sites for enacting and negotiating meanings during event-driven social activities and public engagement in the Global South.
Maa Hotels: Rebranding and Digital Transformation
Authors: Mishra Anubhav , Sahu Sambit Kumar , Kingaonkar Sayli
Published: January 2023

The Sahu family has been running the hotel business for 20 years in Odisha, India. The Indian hotel and tourism industry has drastically changed in the last few years with the introduction of the internet, online aggregators and digitally savvy young consumers. Technology has changed consumer behaviour regarding how they search for information before making a purchase decision. Sahu brothers were facing a decline in revenues and rising competition. Mr Satish, a recent MBA graduate from a premier business school, was fully aware of the changing marketing dynamics and the importance of online presence. He shared his learnings about digital marketing with the family and convinced the family to start the digital transformation of their business.

The Sahu family first decided to reunite all the different hotels under one umbrella brand of Maa Hotels (the word Maa in Hindi means mother, and the family decided to use the name in reference to the famous Goddess Maa Tarini in Odisha). The family used many components of the digital marketing strategy, including search engine marketing, website creation, social media marketing and content strategy. Satish had to analyse and evaluate the first phase of digital marketing and decide on the next course of action to continue with the transformation journey. Moreover, he had to convince the family to continue investing in digital marketing, and for that, he had to prove that his continuous efforts were needed to increase revenues in the short and long term.
Augmented Reality Advertising in Entertainment Programming: An Exploration Across Cultures
Authors: Lin Hui-Fei , Tsai Hsin-yi Sandy , Yeo Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Augmented reality (AR) ads in entertainment programming are fairly new and not extensively studied. Given the lack of precedence, this exploratory study applies the Limited-Capacity Model and Schema Congruity Theory (SCT) to examine their advertising effects. We used a 2 (type of product placement: title sponsorship placement vs. background placement) × 2 (congruence with the characteristics of the programme: congruent vs. incongruent) × 2 (cross-screen advertising: 3D dynamic advertisement vs. 2D advertisement) × 2 (culture: United States vs. Taiwan) between-subjects experiment design. Our results show incongruent brand recall is greater than congruent recall for American viewers and Taiwanese viewers have better attitudes towards AR dynamic advertisement presentations of title sponsorships that are congruent with the programme. Global AR advertising campaigns can benefit from cultural differences. We propose three specific recommendations to advertisers seeking to apply AR in product placements: (a) For American viewers, incongruous product placements should be able to facilitate positive advertisement attitudes, (b) In TV shows, 2D advertisements can improve advertisement attitudes in some cases, and (c) For Taiwanese audiences, congruent title sponsorships or incongruent background placements can produce better advertisement attitudes.
Mixed-modes (I/III) fracture of aluminum foam based on micromechanics of damage
Authors: Mehri Khansari Nabi , Aliha MRM
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, foam structures have several applications in industries. Basically, discontinuities such as pores cause complications in evaluating the mechanical and fracture behavior. In other words, understanding the multi scale of porous cells in cracked foams can play a significant role in fracture prediction. The present research proposes an analytical approach based on the experimental concept of damage in which the behavior of cracked metal foam was investigated under mixed-mode I/III (tensile and out-of-plane) fracture. In this method, pores in foam are modeled as circular and elliptical defects. In this context, mechanical properties and crack inclination angle are obtained based on loading and configuration of pores. Dispersion of circular and elliptical discontinuities determines the overall modulus and crack inclination angle trajectory based on the experimental results, pure mode I SIF were occurred on (0°) and pure mode III were obtained at (62°) loading angle. The aluminum foams were produced and prepared according to the edge notch disc bend (ENDB) test method to obtain the onset of fracture initiation ( KIc and KIIIc) and trajectory of cracked foam body. The results demonstrated that analytical approach, based on circular pore distribution, had a good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, the results indicated that SIF in mode I and mode III had the most agreement with the experimental results at angles of 0° and 62°, respectively.
Predicting Decent Work Among US Black Workers: Examining Psychology of Working Theory
Authors: Williams Tiffany R. , Autin Kelsey L. , Pugh Jayla , Herdt Megan E. , Garcia Roberto G. , Jennings Dana , Roberts Taylor
Published: January 2023

The U.S. has a history of marginalizing Black people. Marginalization impedes Black Americans’ ability to secure wealth, education, and meaningful work. The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) uses a social justice lens to understand how contextual factors inform the labor market experiences of those who work and want to work. PWT highlights the ways economic constraints and marginalization predict access to decent work. We tested the PWT model with two measures of marginalization, general ethnic discrimination, and racial microaggressions, with a sample of 241 Black workers to add to the extant literature about the suitability of the PWT for racial minorities. Diverging from previous studies, we found that marginalization predicted career adaptability. Consistent with previous studies, marginalization and economic constraints predicted Black workers’ work volition and perceived access to decent work. Work volition mediated the relationship between general ethnic discrimination and economic constraints with the perception of attaining decent work.
Binge-Spectrum Eating Disorders, Mood, and Food Insecurity in Young Adults With Obesity
Authors: Gardizy Ariana , Lindenfeldar Gretchen , Paul Alexandra , Chao Ariana M.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Disordered eating is common but underrecognized in people with obesity and the relationship of food insecurity, mood, and binge-spectrum eating disorders has not been well addressed in samples with higher weight. Young adults are particularly vulnerable to developing disordered eating.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of food insecurity, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and loneliness among young adults (aged 18–35 years) who screened positive for binge-spectrum eating disorders (i.e., binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa), those with subthreshold forms of these disorders, and individuals who did not screen positive for these conditions.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional study of young adults with a self-reported body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 from the United States who were recruited online. Participants ( N = 1,331; M ± SD age = 28.0 ± 3.4 years; body mass index [BMI] = 36.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2; 73.9% male; 56.3% White) completed surveys that evaluated disordered eating behaviors, food insecurity, mood, and lifestyle factors.

Results:

In the sample, 8.0% of participants screened positive for binge-spectrum eating disorder and 16.0% had probable subthreshold symptoms. Higher depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.20], p = .01), perceived stress (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.19], p < .001), and food insecurity scores (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.21], p = .01) were associated with an increased likelihood of threshold binge-spectrum eating disorders.

Conclusion:

People with disordered eating should also be evaluated for mood disorders and food insecurity and vice versa. Further research is needed to evaluate interventions that address food insecurity and mood disorders, which may help to decrease disordered eating.
Promoting Liberal Education Through Introductory Psychology: The Perspective-Based Approach
Authors: Searight H. Russell , Geiss Paul Georg
Published: January 2023

Introductory psychology is typically presented to undergraduates as a set of loosely related topics reflecting the organization of most textbooks. The empirically based evidence presented in the topical format is likely to be limited by progressive knowledge obsolesce and replicability challenges impacting contemporary science. We suggest that psychology instructors consider an alternative course format organized by theories or perspectives. A perspective-centered introductory psychology provides a consistent and pluralistic view of the field and embeds research findings and methodology within psychology’s major explanatory theories. Current trends in undergraduate higher education emphasize career readiness. Development of critical thinking and applying psychological principles to real-world situations, including students’ own lives, may be better achieved through a perspective-based approach. Given that the typical introductory psychology student is a non-major taking the course to fulfil liberal arts requirements, a perspective approach offers several advantages. A focus on understanding human behavior from multiple vantage points is a skill valued by prospective employers of new bachelor’s degree recipients. With its emphasis on divergent and dialectical reasoning, a perspectivecenteredintroductory psychology course can become the centerpiece of the general education curriculum. In addition to promoting post-formal reasoning, a perspective-centered introductory psychology illustrates the diverse epistemologies that have shaped our field.
Influence of contacting shape of partial wear on friction properties of copper-based materials for trains
Authors: Han Xiaoming , Zhao Chong , Yang Junying , Su Linlin , Fu Rong , Gao Fei
Published: January 2023

In view of the fact that the contact between the pad and the disc cannot match perfectly in the actual braking process, the influence of contacting shape on the tribological performance was studied. Four copper-based brake pads in ratio (radial dimension / circumferential dimension) of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.2 were used to perform contacting shape test on a small-scaled braking dynamometer at speeds 60 km/h, 100 km/h, 140 km/h and 180 km/h and contact pressure 0.5 MPa. The results indicated that contacting shape caused the difference of temperature of the brake system, which affected the friction performance. The peak temperature of the disc decreased from 331°C to 293.2°C with ratio increasing, and the maximum effective stress of the disc decreased 15%. In ratio of 0.4, the higher friction temperature and effective stress made the friction surface easy to plough, so the friction coefficient was low and the wear was nonuniform. In ratio of 1.2, the wear particles accumulated, resulting in high friction coefficient and uniform wear.
Searching for the alternative: A scoping review of empirical studies with holistic perspectives on health and implications for teaching physical education
Authors: Wiklander Petter , Fröberg Andreas , Lundvall Suzanne
Published: January 2023

Health in physical education (PE) has in recent decades received growing public and political attention. PE is recognized as playing an important role in promoting health and well-being among children and adolescents. Critical PE scholars contest the prevalent biomedical perspective on health for its narrow conceptualization of health and its exclusive focus on physical activity and disease prevention. Instead, alternative (critical and/or salutogenic) perspectives that emphasize the holistic nature of health are advocated. Previous research has identified a lack of empirical research on the topic. The purpose of this scoping review was to contribute to knowledge about what characterizes empirical research literature with holistic perspectives on health and discuss the implications for teaching PE. Four databases (SportDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched for peer-reviewed literature in academic journals between 2002 and 2021. Only 12 out of 3263 identified articles included empirical research with holistic perspectives on health. Using thematic analysis, two distinct themes were identified: (i) “teachers’ philosophies and didactic considerations,” exploring teachers’ understanding and beliefs and implications for PE practice and (ii) “alternative ways to teach,” where teachers engage in co-creating, enacting, and evaluating holistic health-related curricula. The findings indicate that although PE teachers may hold a narrow understanding of health, they are receptive to alternative perspectives and capable of critical reflections and renegotiations, if given appropriate support and opportunities for professional development. Challenging PE teachers’ philosophies and empowering them in the co-creation and implementation of holistic, student-centered curricula can create sustainable opportunities to enhance students’ well-being.
Profiles of the parenting experience in families of autistic children
Authors: Greenlee Jessica L , Hickey Emily , Stelter Claire R , Huynh Tuyen , Hartley Sigan L
Published: January 2023

Parents of autistic children experience more parenting stress and are at increased risk for poor mental and physical health compared with parents of neurotypical children; however, not all parents are distressed. The present study used a person-centered analytic approach to identify profiles of the parenting experience in a sample of 183 mothers and fathers of an autistic child (5–12 years old) and to examine associations between profile membership and child outcomes. Results indicated three profiles for mothers: Adaptive (41.1%; high authoritative parenting, lowest stress, and highest competence), Average (42.1%; sample average of all parenting indicators), and Distressed (16.8%; high stress, low competence, maladaptive parenting strategies). Fathers were classified into four profiles: Adaptive (33.3%), Average (37.7%), Distressed—Permissive (15.3%; high stress, low competence, permissive parenting strategies), and Distressed—Authoritarian (13.6%; some stress, lowest competence, authoritarian parenting strategies). The profiles differed on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and autism symptom severity. Comparative analysis also revealed that children did better when at least one parent was included in the Adaptive group. Implications of these findings are discussed and include fostering empowering messages to parents as well as providing useful new insight in the context of family-focused interventions.

Lay abstract

Research shows that parents of autistic children, on average, are stressed; however, there is likely an array of factors that characterize the parenting experience in the context of autism other than stress. Understanding the diversity in the parenting experiences of both mothers and fathers of autistic children is important in the development of family-based intervention. A total of 188 co-habiting couples with an autistic child described their parenting experiences using a series of questionnaires examining their feelings of stress, parenting competence, and parenting attitudes and behaviors. We then sorted responses into profiles—three for mothers and four for fathers. We found that children of parents who reported the least amount of stress, highest feeling of competence, and use of responsive and directive parenting strategies (the Adaptive profile) had children with the least severe behavioral problems and autism symptoms. It was not necessary for both parents to be in the Adaptive category for child emotional and behavioral problems to less severe. We found that children did just as well when one parent was Adaptive compared with when both parents fell into this category.
The curious case of the jury-shaped hole: A plea for real jury research
Authors: Ross Lewis
Published: January 2023

Criminal juries make decisions of great importance. A key criticism of juries is that they are unreliable in a multitude of ways, from exhibiting racial or gendered biases, to misunderstanding their role, to engaging in impropriety such as internet research. Recently, some have even claimed that the use of juries creates injustice on a large scale, as a cause of low conviction rates for sexual criminality. Unfortunately, empirical research into jury deliberation is undermined by the fact that researchers are unable to study live juries. The indirect sources of evidence used by researchers suffer from various problems, the most important of which is dubious levels of ecological validity. Real jury research—studying live jury deliberation—is controversial. However, as I argue, the objections to it are unconvincing. There is in fact a moral imperative to facilitate real jury research.
National and education-specific trends in life and health expectancies in Denmark 2004–2015
Authors: Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Németh László , Jasilionis Domantas , Foverskov Else
Published: January 2023

Background:

Several studies have revealed widening of inequalities in life expectancy, but little is known about the recent changes in health expectancy nationally and between socioeconomic groups. This study examines dynamics of national and education-specific life expectancy and health expectancies at age 50 years in Denmark from 2004/2007 to 2015.

Methods:

Nationwide register data on education and mortality were linked and combined with Danish health data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and changes in life expectancy and three health expectancy indicators were estimated by Sullivan’s method.

Results:

From 2004 to 2015, national life expectancy at age 50 years increased by 2.4 years for men and 2.1 years for women. Simultaneously, after an initial rapid improvement from 2004 to 2007, the pace of progress in health expectancy decreased. From 2007 to 2015, the difference in life expectancy at age 50 years between men with long and short education increased from 4.3 to 5.0 years. For women, the corresponding increase in the life expectancy gap was less pronounced from 3.5 to 3.8 years. The educational gap in lifetime without long-term illness decreased from 4.6 years to 3.1 years for men and from 6.1 years to 4.6 years for women. On the contrary, the educational gap increased for lifetime without activity limitations and in self-rated good health.

Conclusions:

Previously observed improvements in health expectancy in Denmark slowed down despite continuing progress in life expectancy. This worrying change coincides with persistent educational inequalities in life expectancy and health expectancy and is a challenge to a sustainable social and health development in the future.
Progress towards unique patient identification and case-based surveillance within the Southern African development community
Authors: Govender Kerensa , Long Lawrence , Miot Jacqui
Published: January 2023

Population mobility makes patient-tracking and care linkage in the South African Development Community (SADC) challenging. Case-based surveillance (CBS) through individual-level clinical data linked with a unique patient-identifier (UPI) is recommended. We conducted a mixed-methods landscape analysis of UPI and CBS implementation within selected SADC countries, this included: (1) SADC UPI implementation literature review; (2) assessment of UPI and CBS implementation for high HIV-prevalence SADC countries; (3) UPI implementation case-study in selected South African primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. Research into CBS and UPI implementation for the SADC region is lacking. Existing patient-identification methods often fail and limit patient-tracking. Paper-based records and poor integration between health-information systems further restrict patient-tracking. Most countries were in the early-middle stages of CBS and faced UPI challenges. Our South African case-study found that the UPI often goes uncaptured. Difficulties tracking patients across prevention and care cascades will continue until a functional and reliable UPI is available.
The German space of lifestyles: A multidetermined structure
Authors: Atkinson Will , Marzec Piotr
Published: January 2023

This paper charts the space of lifestyles in Germany in order to assess whether its structure resembles that famously uncovered in France by Bourdieu. Mobilising multiple correspondence analysis and using data from a bespoke national survey of tastes and lifestyles fielded in 2017–18 ( n = 2244), it unveils a two-dimensional system defined by tastes for the culturally exclusive and the economically exclusive. These dimensions are strongly associated with indicators of cultural capital and economic capital, and reveal differences by both capital volume and capital composition, but they are also structured by age and ethnic origin. While age is indicative of Bourdieu’s concept of trajectory, the effects of ethnicity underscore the relative autonomy of the space of lifestyles and suggest its determination by more than one structural force.
Balancing Autonomy and Collaboration in Large-Scale and Disciplinary Diverse Teams for Successful Qualitative Research
Authors: Bates Geoff , Le Gouais Anna , Barnfield Andrew , Callway Rosalie , Hasan Md Nazmul , Koksal Caglar , Kwon Heeseo Rain , Montel Lisa , Peake-Jones Sian , White Jo , Bondy Krista , Ayres Sarah
Published: January 2023

Large scale, multi-organisational collaborations between researchers from diverse disciplinary backgrounds are increasingly recognised as important to investigate and tackle complex real-world problems. However differing expectations, epistemologies, and preferences across these teams pose challenges to following best practice for ensuring high-quality and rigorous qualitative research, while maintaining goodwill and team cohesion across team members. This article presents critical reflections from the real-world experiences of a team navigating the challenges of collaborating on a large-scale, cross-disciplinary interview study. Based on these experiences, we extend the literature on large team qualitative collaboration by highlighting the importance of balancing autonomy and collaboration, and propose eight recommendations to support high quality research and team cohesion. We identify how this balance can be achieved at different times: when centralised decision-making should be prioritised, and autonomy can be allowed. We argue that prioritising time to develop shared understandings, build trust, and creating positive environments that accept and support differing researcher perspectives on qualitative methods is paramount. By exploring and reflecting on these differences, teams can identify how and when to support autonomy in decision-making, when to move forward collaboratively, and how to ensure that shared processes reflect the needs of the whole team. The reflexive findings, emanating from practical experience, can inform large research teams undertaking qualitative studies to explore complex issues. We make an original contribution to qualitative methods research by arguing that balancing autonomy and collaboration is the key to promoting high quality research and cohesion in large teams.
Seeing with sound; surface detection and avoidance by sensing self-generated noise
Authors: Wilshin Simon , Amos Stephen , Bomphrey Richard J
Published: January 2023

Here, we demonstrate obstacle and secondary drone avoidance capability by quadcopter drones that can perceive and react to modulation of their self-generated acoustic environment when in proximity to surfaces. A ground truth for the interpretation of self-noise was established by measuring the intrinsic, three-dimensional, acoustic signature of a drone in an anechoic chamber. This was used to design sensor arrangements and machine learning algorithms to estimate the position of external features, obstacles or another drone, within the environment. Our machine learning approach took short segments of recorded sound and their Fourier transforms, fed these into a convolutional neural network, and output the location of an obstacle or secondary drone in the environment. The convolutional layers were constructed with a suitable topology that matched the physical arrangement of the sensors. Our surface detection and avoidance algorithms were refined during tethered flight within an anechoic chamber, followed by an exercise in free flight without obstacle avoidance, and finally free flight obstacle detection and avoidance. Our acoustic sense-and-avoid capability extends to vertical and horizontal planar surfaces and tethered secondary drones.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring of Steroid-Induced Hyperglycemia in Patients With Dermatologic Diseases
Authors: Kleinhans Monika , Albrecht Lea Jessica , Benson Sven , Fuhrer Dagmar , Dissemond Joachim , Tan Susanne
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives:

Systemic administration of glucocorticoids is a mainstay therapy for various inflammatory diseases and may lead to hyperglycemia, which carries the risk of worsening preexisting diabetes and triggering steroid-induced diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to identify patients at risk and to quantify severity of steroid-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in hospitalized patients needing systemic glucocorticoid treatment.

Patients and Methods:

This prospective study included 51 steroid-naive, dermatological patients requiring systemic high-dose glucocorticoid treatment at the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Essen. After careful diabetes-specific assessment at admission, glucose monitoring was performed using a CGM system and glucose profile was analyzed in patients with and without SIH.

Results:

SIH occurred in 47.1% of all treated patients, and a relevant part of patients with initial normoglycemia developed SIH (2/10 patients). Doubling of SIH incidence was observed with each severity grade of dysglycemia (4/10 in prediabetes; 9/10 in diabetes). Patients with SIH spend nearly 6 hours daily above targeted glucose range, and severe hyperglycemia was observed for 1.2 hours/day.

Conclusions:

Our study underlines the need for dedicated glucose monitoring in dermatologic patients on systemic glucocorticoid therapy by demonstrating its impact on glucose metabolism.
Far-field positive phase blast parameter characterisation of RDX and PETN based explosives
Authors: Farrimond Dain G , Woolford Scott , Tyas Andrew , Rigby Sam E , Clarke Samuel D , Barr Andrew , Whittaker Mark , Pope Dan J
Published: January 2023

A significant amount of scientific effort has been dedicated to measuring and understanding the effects of explosions, leading to the development of semi-empirical methods for rapid prediction of blast load parameters. The most well-known of these, termed the Kingery and Bulmash method, makes use of polylogarithmic curves derived from a compilation of medium to large scale experimental tests performed over many decades. However, there is still no general consensus on the accuracy and validity of this approach, despite some researchers reporting consistently high levels of agreement. Further, it is still not known whether blast loading can be considered deterministic, or whether it is intrinsically variable, the extent of this variability, and the range and scales over which these variations are observed. This article critically reviews historic and contemporary blast experiments, including newly generated arena tests with RDX and PETN-based explosives, with a view to demonstrating the accuracy with which blast load parameters can be predicted using semi-empirical approaches.
The Effect of Job Crafting on Performance and Satisfaction: Physical Engagement as a Mediator and Cognitive and Emotional Engagement as Moderators
Authors: Nagarajan Rajbarath , Alagiriswamy Ravikumar , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: January 2023

This study explores the relationship between job crafting on task performance and job satisfaction among faculty members in higher educational institutions. A conceptual model was developed wherein the moderating role of cognitive and emotional engagement and the mediating role of physical engagement in influencing the task performance. Data was collected from 592 faculty members from higher educational institutions in southern India. First, the instrument’s psychometric properties were checked by performing structural equation modelling using the LISREL package. The hypothesized relationships were tested using Hayes’ PROCESS macros. The findings indicate that (a) job crafting and physical engagement are positively related to task performance, (b) job crafting is positively related to physical engagement, (c) physical engagement mediates the relationship between job crafting and task performance and (d) task performance mediates between job crafting and job satisfaction. The results also suggest that cognitive engagement moderates between job crafting and physical engagement.

Furthermore, emotional engagement (second moderator) moderates the relationship between job crafting and cognitive engagement (first moderator) in influencing task performance mediated through physical engagement. The three-way interaction between task crafting, emotional engagement and cognitive engagement in influencing physical engagement is a novel contribution of this study. The implications for theory and practice in human resource management and personnel psychology are discussed.