bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization of railgun-driven supersonic plasma jets motivated by high energy density physics applications
Authors: Hsu S. C. , Merritt E. C. , Moser A. L. , Awe T. J. , Brockington S. J. E. , Davis J. S. , Adams C. S. , Case A. , Cassibry J. T. , Dunn J. P. , Gilmore M. A. , Lynn A. G. , Messer S. J. , Witherspoon F. D.
Published: January 2013

We report experimental results on the parameters, structure, and evolution of high-Mach-number (M) argon plasma jets formed and launched by a pulsed-power-driven railgun. The nominal initial average jet parameters in the data set analyzed are density ≈2×1016 cm−3, electron temperature ≈1.4 eV, velocity ≈30 km/s, M≈14, ionization fraction ≈0.96, diameter ≈5 cm, and length ≈20 cm. These values approach the range needed by the Plasma Liner Experiment, which is designed to use merging plasma jets to form imploding spherical plasma liners that can reach peak pressures of 0.1–1 Mbar at stagnation. As these jets propagate a distance of approximately 40 cm, the average density drops by one order of magnitude, which is at the very low end of the 8–160 times drop predicted by ideal hydrodynamic theory of a constant-M jet.
Room-temperature transverse-electric polarized intersubband electroluminescence from InAs/AlInAs quantum dashes
Authors: Liverini V. , Nevou L. , Castellano F. , Bismuto A. , Beck M. , Gramm Fabian , Faist J.
Published: January 2013

We report the observation of transverse electric polarized electroluminescence from InAs/AlInAs quantum dash quantum cascade structures up to room temperature. The emission is attributed to the electric field confined along the shortest lateral dimension of the dashes, as confirmed by its dependence on crystallographic orientation both in absorption measurements on a dedicated sample and from electroluminescence itself. From the absorption, we estimate a dipole moment for the observed transition of 〈x〉 = 1.7 nm. The electroluminescence is peaked at around 110 meV and increases with applied bias. Its temperature dependence shows a decrease at higher temperatures limited by optical phonon emission.
Porous silicon micro- and nanoparticles for printed humidity sensors
Authors: Jalkanen Tero , Mäkilä Ermei , Määttänen Anni , Tuura Jaani , Kaasalainen Martti , Lehto Vesa-Pekka , Ihalainen Petri , Peltonen Jouko , Salonen Jarno
Published: January 2013

In this work, the feasibility of porous silicon particles for producing printed humidity sensors is examined. A proof of concept is provided by producing fully functional humidity sensors on a glass substrate by drop casting a particle solution on top of inkjet printed silver electrodes. Sensor sensitivity towards changes in relative humidity is examined. The results show that the sensors provide good sensitivity and reproducible results throughout the entire relative humidity range. In addition, negligibly small hysteresis accompanied by relatively fast response and recovery times is also demonstrated.
Electrical characterization of inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic devices based on silicon-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Yunfang , Zhang Fute , Sun Baoquan
Published: January 2013

Hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic devices based on nanostructured silicon and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid devices present excellent light harvesting capabilities as well as a simple fabrication process. Unlike the metal/Si junction, PEDOT:PSS solution can be solution-casted onto the silicon surface structure to build up hybrid photovoltaic devices without using vacuum deposition techniques. Detailed electronic characterization at PEDOT:PSS/Si heterojunctions is indispensable for achieving a high-performance device. In this paper, the electronic properties of current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and internal quantum efficiency are characterized in order to explore the organic-inorganic heterojunctions properties. The interfacial defect state density (Dit) of hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic devices as well as majority carrier charge transfer velocity (vn) has been extracted from the electrical measurement results. It has been found that less Dit and lower vn can lead to improved electric output characteristics of the organic-inorganic heterojunctions photovoltaic devices, which is ascribed to suppressed charge recombination at the organic-inorganic interface.
Tuning metal-insulator transition by one dimensional alignment of giant electronic domains in artificially size-controlled epitaxial VO2 wires
Authors: Takami Hidefumi , Kawatani Kenichi , Ueda Hiroki , Fujiwara Kohei , Kanki Teruo , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: January 2013

We demonstrate control of spatial dimensionality of disordered configurations of giant electronic domains in systematically size-changed VO2 wires on TiO2 (001) substrates. One-dimensional alignment of the domains appears in wires narrower than 15 μm width, while two-dimensional configurations were observed for larger ones. The rearrangement of domains from two to one dimension causes modification of electronic properties.
Negative correlation between in-plane bonding strength and cross-plane thermal conductivity in a model layered material
Authors: Wei Zhiyong , Chen Yunfei , Dames Chris
Published: January 2013

The effects of in-plane (IP) and cross-plane (CP) interatomic bonding strengths on the IP and CP thermal conductivities of a model layered material are investigated using molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics. Increasing the IP bonding strength while holding the CP bonding constant increases the IP thermal conductivity, but reduces the CP thermal conductivity. Analogous but weaker trends are seen when increasing the CP bonding strength while holding the IP bonding constant. These results show how both low- and high-symmetry directions must be considered to understand the effects of phonon focusing on the thermal conductivity tensor of highly anisotropic materials.
A multicolor, broadband (5–20 μm), quaternary-capped InAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetector
Authors: Adhikary Sourav , Aytac Yigit , Meesala Srujan , Wolde Seyoum , Unil Perera A. G. , Chakrabarti Subhananda
Published: January 2013

An InAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetector with strong, multicolor, broadband (5–20 μm) photoresponse is reported. Using a combined quaternary In0.21Al0.21Ga0.58As and GaAs capping that relieves strain and maintains strong carrier confinement, we demonstrate a four color infrared response with peaks in the midwave- (5.7 μm), longwave- (9.0 and 14.5 μm), and far- (17 μm) infrared regions. Narrow spectral widths (7% to 9%) are noted at each of these wavelengths including responsivity value ∼95.3 mA/W at 14.5 μm. Using strain field and multi-band k⋅p theory, we map specific bound-to-bound and bound-to-quasibound transitions to the longwave and midwave responses, respectively.
Negative ion rich plasmas in continuous and pulsed wave modes in a minimum-B magnetic field
Authors: Sahu Debaprasad , Pandey Shail , Aneja Jyoti , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: January 2013

Generation of hydrogen negative ion rich plasmas is investigated in continuous wave (CW) and pulse modulated (PM) wave modes of 2.45 GHz in a minimum-B magnetic field. The waves are launched directly into the plasma device and utilize wave particle resonances for high density plasma generation. In CW operation, the chamber is divided into two sections, namely, the source and downstream region, separated by a transverse magnetic field that allows only cold electrons (∼1 eV) into the downstream region helpful for the generation of negative ions. The H− density is measured by the second derivative beat method and is compared with the values obtained from a steady state model and the extracted current density. In the pulsed mode, temporal filtering generates negative ion rich plasmas in the afterglow phase. The H− density in the afterglow is estimated using saturation current ratio method and the results are compared with a time dependent model using particle balance equations. The essential idea in both the filtering techniques is to assist generation of negative ions and prevent its destruction by hot electrons.
Promising ferrimagnetic double perovskite oxides towards high spin polarization at high temperature
Authors: Li Si-Da , Chen Peng , Liu Bang-Gui
Published: January 2013

We predict through our first-principles calculations that four double perovskite oxides of Bi2ABO6 (AB = FeMo, MnMo, MnOs, CrOs) are half-metallic ferrimagnets. Our calculated results shows that the four optimized structures have negative formation energy, from -0.42 to -0.26 eV per formula unit, which implies that they could probably be realized. In the case of Bi2FeMoO6, the half-metallic gap and Curie temperature are predicted to reach to 0.71 eV and 650 K, respectively, which indicates that high spin polarization could be kept at high temperatures far beyond room temperature. It is believed that some of them could be synthesized soon and would prove useful for spintronic applications.
Age and Beauty are in the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Kwart Dylan G , Foulsham Tom , Kingstone Alan
Published: January 2013

How “old” and “attractive” an individual appears has increasingly become an individual concern leading to the utilisation of various cosmetic surgical procedures aimed at enhancing appearance. Using eyetracking, in the present study we aimed to investigate how individuals perceive age and attractiveness of younger and older faces and what “bottom-up” facial cues are used in this process. One hundred and twenty eight digital images of neutral faces of ages ranging from 20 to 89 years were paired and presented to subjects who judged age and attractiveness levels while having their eye movements recorded. There was an effect of face attractiveness on age-rating accuracy, with attractive faces being rated younger than their true age. Similarly, stimulus age affected attractiveness ratings, with younger faces being perceived as more attractive. Judgments of age and attractiveness were tightly linked to fixations on the eye region, along with the nose and mouth. It is thus likely that cosmetic surgical procedures targeted at the eyes, nose, and mouth may be most efficacious at enhancing one's physical appearance.
Hunger Enhances Vertical Vection
Authors: Seno Takeharu , Ito Hiroyuki , Sunaga Shoji , Palmisano Stephen
Published: January 2013

Hunger was found to facilitate visually induced illusory upward and downward self-motions (vertical vection), but not illusory self-motion in depth (vection in depth). We propose that the origin of this hunger effect lies in the possibility that vertical self-motions (both real and illusory) are more likely to induce changes in visceral state.
Stable transgenesis in the marine annelid
Platynereis dumerilii
sheds new light on photoreceptor evolution
Authors: Backfisch Benjamin , Veedin Rajan Vinoth Babu , Fischer Ruth M. , Lohs Claudia , Arboleda Enrique , Tessmar-Raible Kristin , Raible Florian
Published: January 2013

Research in eye evolution has mostly focused on eyes residing in the head. In contrast, noncephalic light sensors are far less understood and rather regarded as evolutionary innovations. We established stable transgenesis in the annelid
Platynereis
, a reference species for evolutionary and developmental comparisons. EGFP controlled by
cis
-regulatory elements of
r-opsin
, a characteristic marker for rhabdomeric photoreceptors, faithfully recapitulates known
r-opsin
expression in the adult eyes, and marks a pair of pigment-associated frontolateral eyelets in the brain. Unexpectedly, transgenic animals revealed an additional series of photoreceptors in the ventral nerve cord as well as photoreceptors that are located in each pair of the segmental dorsal appendages (notopodia) and project into the ventral nerve cord. Consistent with a photosensory function of these noncephalic cells, decapitated animals display a clear photoavoidance response. Molecular analysis of the receptors suggests that they differentiate independent of
pax6
, a gene involved in early eye development of many metazoans, and that the ventral cells may share origins with the Hesse organs in the amphioxus neural tube. Finally, expression analysis of
opn4×-2
and
opn4m-2
, two zebrafish orthologs of
Platynereis r-opsin
, reveals that these genes share expression in the neuromasts, known mechanoreceptors of the lateral line peripheral nervous system. Together, this establishes that noncephalic photoreceptors are more widespread than assumed, and may even reflect more ancient aspects of sensory systems. Our study marks significant advance for the understanding of photoreceptor cell (PRC) evolution and development and for
Platynereis
as a functional lophotrochozoan model system.
Global land and water grabbing
Authors: Rulli Maria Cristina , Saviori Antonio , D’Odorico Paolo
Published: January 2013

Societal pressure on the global land and freshwater resources is increasing as a result of the rising food demand by the growing human population, dietary changes, and the enhancement of biofuel production induced by the rising oil prices and recent changes in United States and European Union bioethanol policies. Many countries and corporations have started to acquire relatively inexpensive and productive agricultural land located in foreign countries, as evidenced by the dramatic increase in the number of transnational land deals between 2005 and 2009. Often known as “land grabbing,” this phenomenon is associated with an appropriation of freshwater resources that has never been assessed before. Here we gather land-grabbing data from multiple sources and use a hydrological model to determine the associated rates of freshwater grabbing. We find that land and water grabbing are occurring at alarming rates in all continents except Antarctica. The per capita volume of grabbed water often exceeds the water requirements for a balanced diet and would be sufficient to improve food security and abate malnourishment in the grabbed countries. It is found that about 0.31 × 10
12
m
3
⋅y
−1
of green water (i.e., rainwater) and up to 0.14 × 10
12
m
3
⋅y
−1
of blue water (i.e., irrigation water) are appropriated globally for crop and livestock production in 47 × 10
6
ha of grabbed land worldwide (i.e., in 90% of the reported global grabbed land).
Anomalous surface lattice dynamics in the low-temperature phase of Ba(Fe

1−
x

Co

x

)
2
As
2
Authors: Teng Jing , Chen Chen , Xiong Yimin , Zhang Jiandi , Jin Rongying , Plummer E. W.
Published: January 2013

In complex materials, how correlation between charge, spin, and lattice affects the emergent phenomena remains unclear. The newly discovered iron-based high-temperature superconductors and related compounds present to the community a prototype family of materials, where interplay between charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom can be explored. With the occurrence of structural, magnetic, and superconducting transitions in the bulk of these materials, creating a surface will change the delicate balance between these phases, resulting in new behavior. A surface lattice dynamics study on (001) Ba(Fe

1−
x

Co

x

)
2
As
2
, through electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements, reveals unusual temperature dependence of both the phonon frequency and line width in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase. The rate of change of phonon frequency with temperature is gigantic, two orders of magnitude larger than in the bulk. This behavior cannot be explained using conventional models of anharmonicity or electron–phonon coupling; instead, it requires that a large surface-spin-charge-lattice coupling be included. Furthermore, the higher surface-phase-transition temperature driven by surface stabilization of the low-temperature orthorhombic phase seems to turn the first-order transition (bulk) into the second-order type, equivalent to what is observed in the bulk by applying a uniaxial pressure. Such equivalence indicates that the surface mirrors the bulk under extreme conditions.
A Handlist of Printed Italian Secular Monody Books, 1602–1635
Authors: Fortune Nigel
Published: January 2013

This list of all publications containing at least one Italian secular monody, from the first in 1602 up to 1635, is intended to supplant the balder and rather defective lists of Hugo Leichtentritt and Eugen Schmitz. It too must have its shortcomings. I would therefore be glad to receive corrections, and further information about song-books which, though they are known to have survived until the last war, I have been unable to locate but for which I have nevertheless made incomplete entries in this list. Additions and corrections (which should be sent to the secretarial address given at the front of this publication) can be included in later issues of the R.M.A. Research Chronicle. Space has been left after the entries for each year for readers to insert additions in their copies. Normally I have excluded books that seem not to have survived into this century; the only exceptions are other editions of certain existing volumes which figure in this list by virtue of at least one surviving edition. That many other volumes must have disappeared we can guess from two catalogues of the Venetian publisher Alessandro Vincenti, which alone list twenty-five books, now apparently lost, that seem from their titles to have included solo songs. The date 1635 is a convenient stopping-point on stylistic grounds; after this date, moreover, far less music was printed in Italy than in the previous 130 years. About the songs in general I have written elsewhere.
Five Manuscripts of Church Music at Lichfield
Authors: Franklin Don
Published: January 2013

The manuscripts whose contents are listed below are in the library of Lichfield Cathedral and contain almost exclusively Restoration and post-Restoration anthems and services in score. They were written between 1720 and 1750 by John Barker, a vicar-choral at the cathedral.
Some Wills of English Musicians of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Authors: Ford Wyn K.
Published: January 2013

For many years the importance of wills for genealogical research has been recognized, and more recently social and economic historians also have begun to appreciate their value. The following notes are of wills that suggest some musical interest; most have some claim to be considered as those of composers, although the identity of the testators cannot be regarded as established, and it may be that the fresh biographical details given here may be of use to those working in the fields of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century music.
Silvanus Stirrop's Book
Authors: Willetts Pamela J.
Published: January 2013

In 1968 Warren Royal Dawson bequeathed to the British Museum a collection of manuscripts mainly relating to Egyptology and the occult sciences but including some miscellaneous volumes. The unpromising title on the spine of one of these, ‘Aston and sundry MSS. ‘, now numbered Add. MS. 56279, concealed the remains of a volume of some interest for the history of Jacobean music and drama. In a note on a front flyleaf (f. 1) Dawson recorded that he bought the volume (number 22 in his numeration), together with his MS. 19, at a Sotheby sale in 1931. The volume was in poor condition and he had it pulled and rebound with blank interleaves; the foliation entered by Dawson on the latter will serve in this article to identify the several items contained in the volume until it can receive the further attention from the British Museum Bindery which it now requires.
Catalogue of Early Printed Music in Aberdeen Libraries
Authors: Cooper Barry
Published: January 2013

Three Libraries in Aberdeen possess substantial collections of early music - the University Library, the library of the University Music Department, and the City Public Library. None, however, has a separate catalogue for its early music, and it has been virtually impossible hitherto to ascertain what each library contains. Thus these collections have remained largely unused and unusable, and have never been thoroughly examined. The aims of the present union catalogue covering the three libraries are accordingly to indicate what is available in each, to enable the collections to be more widely used and to stimulate interest in them generally. As in similar publications, particularly that of Schnapper (1957) and various volumes of RISM, the terminal date has been fixed at 1800. However, a few items which may be of slightly later date are included with the conjectural date ‘c. 1800’, and items which clearly seem to be of a later date but which are listed by Schnapper with an earlier date are also listed here.
A Little-Known Collection of Portuguese Baroque Villancicos and Romances
Authors: De Brito Manuel Carlos
Published: January 2013

Collections of Portuguese baroque villancicos and romances, besides those in Munich (Bavarian State Library, Ccs. 139–47), Spain and the New World, survive at Évora (Biblioteca Pública, Ccs. and at Coimbra (Biblioteca Geral da Universidade). The last of these is the most important in terms of sheer size. Like most of the manuscript music in the library, it belonged to the Convento de Santa Cruz at Coimbra, mother house of the Augustinian order and one of the most important centres of Portuguese music during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. There is still no complete catalogue available of this music, although one has been in preparation for some years.
The Effects of Music on the Recipient
Authors: Rösing Helmut
Published: January 2013

If music is to meet the requirements of modern medical practice, it ought ideally to behave like a medicine (Kneutgen 1970): in other words, it ought to be possible to calculate its effects on a patient in advance, in the same way that this is possible with tablets. Yet the history of music therapy, from its beginnings in shamanistic healing songs and ancient Greek ethos doctrine to the present (Möller 1971), shows that music can scarcely be said to generate effects that are calculable in advance in a medical sense; and, consequently, the hackneyed idea of music as a drug has no meaning. The effects of music are complex and diverse, and are not comparable with those of drugs, which have largely been established as specific to individual drugs. Drug dependence is described in terms of concepts like addiction; dependence on music, if indeed it exists at all, ought rather to be described in terms of concepts like predilection or preference.
The Serenata in Eighteenth-Century Venice
Authors: Talbot Michael
Published: January 2013

The present article has two tasks: to define the essential features of a musical form widely known during the eighteenth century by its Italian name of serenata, and to give an account of its cultivation in Venice during the same period. We shall need to devote considerable space to the first task, since by no means all writers on music recognize the serenata as an independent genre, some viewing it as a species of miniature opera and others as merely a particularly elaborate type of cantata; further, not all commentators share our view that the term was once used - and ought still to be used for analytical purposes - in a generic sense, so as to include not only works actually termed serenata but also many others with original descriptions as diverse as azione, componimento, festa or introduzione. So we must start by identifying as precisely as possible the repertory under consideration. Subsequently, when we examine the occasions on which serenatas were performed and the ways in which their music, words and manner of presentation were made to fit those occasions, we shall limit ourselves to a single city, Venice, and its dominions. This restriction has the practical advantage of bringing our investigation within manageable proportions without demanding the sacrifice of too much detail. But it has another, more fundamental purpose. Since the serenata was the most ‘occasional’ of genres, any study of it in a local context will throw into relief the peculiarities of that locality's political and social life. Nowhere could this be truer than in Venice, a city unlike any other in government, institutions, economy, mores, and, not least, topography. By studying the Venetian serenata we can learn more about Venice itself.
The Royal Institution Music Lectures, 1800–1831: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kassler Jamie Croy
Published: January 2013

Studies of the Royal Institution have focused on science, as the term was defined from about the 1840s onwards, and on the institutionalization of science so defined. They exhibit a particular assumption that, until recent years, has dominated the historiography of science and that still is apparent in the latest study of the Royal Institution by Morris Berman (1978). Berman's aim is to demonstrate ‘the process by which technical reason became (as Michel Foucault would say) the prose of our world’ (p. xxv). Thus, according to Berman, what the chemist, Humphry Davy, stood for ‘ultimately made a greater difference for the history of science than what he accomplished with the voltaic pile, for he paved the way for a society in which the “social construction of reality” proceeded along scientific lines’ (p. xxv).
Review
Authors: Everist Mark
Published: January 2013

The origins ofThe Earliest Motets (to c.1270): A Complete Comparative Editionlie in Hans Tischler's 1942 Yale doctoral dissertation, in which all the motets inD-W677, 1-Fl Plut.29.1andD-W1099were systematically transcribed. Tischler's dissertation has contained the only available transcriptions of the unica in these sources for nearly forty years, though works with concordances have been accessible in publications by Aubry, Rokseth, Anglès and Anderson.The Earliest Motets(henceforthEM) takes his dissertation as its core, and adds the motets ofE-Mn 20486, F-Pn lat. 15139, F-Pn n.a.f. 13521, D-Mbs Mus.Ms. 4775, the chansonniers, and odd motet voices and texts found in various narrative works and poetry anthologies. Such a publication is therefore a major landmark of twentieth-century musicology.
Two Latin Play Songs
Authors: Wood Julia K.
Published: January 2013

Musical settings of lyrics from Latin plays written by Englishmen during the Caroline period are extremely rare. Only two such songs survive: ‘Dulcis somne’ from William Johnson's university play Valetudinarium, and ‘Astrorum iubar’ from Joseph Simons's school play Zeno sive Ambitio Infelix. Unusually, both songs are known only from copies bound into the play-texts themselves rather than from exclusively musical sources. This article sets out to evaluate both the songs themselves and their dramatic functions.
The Compilation of the Gyffard Partbooks
Authors: Mateer David
Published: January 2013

The ‘Gyffard’ partbooks (British Library, Add. MSS 17802–5) are perhaps the most important source of Tudor sacred music of the mid-sixteenth century, for unlike the only other collection that could reasonably lay claim to that title—the Henrician partbooks at Peterhouse, Cambridge—they have survived intact. Just six of Gyffard's 94 pieces have contemporary concordances, and only three of these are wholly straightforward. Taverner's Western Wind Mass (no. 24) turns up again in John Sadler's partbooks; two voices only of Redford's Christus resurgens (no. 58) are found in Tenbury MS 389 and its companion, the James part-book; and Van Wilder's Pater noster (no. 6) is printed in Susato's Liber quartus ecclesiasticarum cantionum quatuor vocum (Antwerp, 1554). Two of the three problematic items appear to be four-part reworkings of what were originally five-voice pieces. Taverner's Dum transisset (no. 61) appears a5 in both the Dow and Baldwin partbooks; Johnson's Gaude Maria Virgo (no. 85) is found in its five-part version, though textless, in British Library, Add. MS 31390; finally, a fragment of Tye's Western Wind Mass resurfaces in British Library, Add. MSS 18936–9, attributed to ‘Alphonsus’. There are therefore at least 88 unica in Gyffard—a significantly higher proportion than in any other contemporary source of comparable size. Our knowledge of the state of English sacred polyphony on the eve of the Reformation is heavily dependent on these partbooks, for they preserve a representative cross-section of liturgical genres by a wide range of composers encompassing the great and the obscure.
Invisible Evidence: Finding Musicians in the Archives of the Inns of Court, 1446–1642
Authors: Elliott John R.
Published: January 2013

The archives of the Inns of Court have been described as ‘a historical no-man's land’, occasionally dipped into only by ‘antiquaries’ on the one hand and ‘domestic chroniclers’ on the other. To these two categories might be added theatre-historians and musicologists, since we have long known that many of the leading playwrights of the Tudor-Stuart period were members of the Inns, and that their colleagues there were prodigious consumers as well as producers of music, dance and drama. Yet it has been difficult to reach any accurate conclusions about the archival evidence in the Inns because it has never been published in editions that are both reliable and complete.
Cherubini: A Critical Anthology, 1788–1801
Authors: Charlton David
Published: January 2013

… as they say in Germany, ‘in music, Cherubini is a hundred years ahead of us’. trans. from Correspondance des Arrwteurs musiciens, 8 October 1803

Attitudes to Cherubini have been affected by the knowledge that his most important operas had scant success in Paris after 1800. This lack of a continuous French performing tradition has encouraged the feeling that they were perhaps unviable or unattractive. It is not one shared by the author of a substantial dissertation on Cherubini, Stephen C. Willis; but Willis's work was focussed on the composer rather than his operas’ reception. In fact, neither the performance history nor reception of these five main works has apparently, until now, been investigated. They are: Démophoon (text by J. F. Marmontel, Paris Opéra, 2 December 1788); Lodoïska (C. F. Fillette, or ‘Fillette Loraux’, 18 July 1791); Eliza, ou Le voyage aux glaciers du Mont St Bernard, J. A. Révéroni St-Cyr, 13 December 1794); Médée (F. B. Hoffman, 13 March 1797); and Les Deux journées (J. N. Bouilly, 16 January 1800). The last four were all produced at the Théâtre Feydeau. A properly detailed account of Cherubini's involvement at this theatre must be reserved for another occasion: part of the ignorance surrounding the genesis of these extraordinary operas lies simply in the fact than no history of the Feydeau has been written. Cherubini produced two comedies at the Feydeau which were unsuccessful and are not considered here: L'Hôtellerie portugaise (25 July 1798) and La Punition (23 February 1799).
Focusing Attention: Special Issues in German-Language Music Periodicals of the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Roberge Marc-André
Published: January 2013

An important feature of German-language general music periodicals during the first half of the twentieth century is the frequency with which the editors made use of special issues, most often called Sonderhefte. Such special issues served to focus the readers' attention by devoting most, if not all, of the article section of an issue to a specific composer or topic. An editor might have decided to publish a special issue for the following reasons: (i) to commemorate the anniversary of the birth or death of a major figure; (ii) to provide intensive coverage of an important topic or new field of interest; (iii) to survey musical life in a given area or country; or (iv) to introduce a group of young composers whose works were to be presented as part of a festival of contemporary music. In addition to these types of special issues, some journals offered, once a year, a Carnival issue consisting of humouristic or satirical texts.
The ‘Gyffard’ Partbooks: Composers, Owners, Date and Provenance
Authors: Mateer David
Published: January 2013

The first part of this study of the ‘Gyffard’ partbooks (Lbl Add. MSS 17802–5) examined in detail the handwriting, watermarks and other aspects of their physical make-up, and concluded that the collection could not have been compiled sequentially, as had hitherto been imagined. Each book was seen to fall into seven fascicles, and arguments were advanced for the existence of three layers, labelled - for the sake of convenience - early, late and latest. A sequel was also promised in which the problems of scribe/ownership, date and provenance would be addressed. Before attempting to identify the person responsible for assembling the anthology, however, one would do well to examine the biographies of the composers there represented, for if it could be demonstrated that the work of certain composers associated with a particular locality was restricted largely to a particular layer of the collection, then such geographical and temporal co-ordinates might be of assistance in confirming the identity of the compiler if they were seen to reflect the pattern of his own associations and movements.
The Independent Masque 1700–1800: A Catalogue
Authors: Burden Michael
Published: January 2013

The masque—a long-established if only loosely defined form which had its origins in the Elizabethan revels—underwent striking changes in the course of the seventeenth century. Having reached a sophisticated and inevitably short-lived unity of all its possible dramatic elements during the first quarter of the century, this unity was first undermined by the departure of Ben Jonson in 1631 from the team at Court, and then all but extinguished by the Commonwealth. Although its performance during the Interregnum and its subsequent regeneration both at Court and in private are more vigorous than is usually believed, there was never the money to revive its earlier splendour, nor the political climate in which to do so. There was, of course, a revival of the pre-Commonwealth habit of inserting masques into spoken plays, and towards the end of the century, masques were also interpolated between the acts of spoken plays. Masques were also included in the ‘dramatick’ operas of the 1670s and 1690s, but although the masques here were more extravagant than those in plays, this use did not give the genre theatrical independence.
William Byrd, John Petre and Oxford, Bodleian Ms Mus. Sch. E. 423
Authors: Mateer David
Published: January 2013

This manuscript consists of the Contratenor only of what was originally a set of six partbooks. Had the collection survived intact, it would undoubtedly have ranked as one of the most important of all secular sources dating from the Elizabethan period, for it comprises a representative cross-section of most musical genres—English anthems, Latin motets, consort songs and instrumental pieces—and its 131 items include many unica. But the sheer size of the anthology is not the only reason why we should lament its tragically imperfect state. Mus. Sch. E. 423 is an important and authoritative source for the vocal music of William Byrd, as Philip Brett, Alan Brown and other scholars have shown. Writing more generally about the instrumental music it contains, Warwick Edwards has stated that its ‘authority as a consort source derives from its exclusion of all but a few faults against other sources’. The manuscript's special relevance to Byrd, then, not the mention the high quality of its musical and verbal texts, makes the loss of its companion books all the more regrettable.
John Marsh and Provincial Music Making in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Robins Brian
Published: January 2013

During the past few years the extensive manuscript journals of the Georgian amateur composer and musician John Marsh (1752–1828) have become increasingly recognised as valuable source material which provide a unique insight into provincial musical making in the southern counties of England. For long known only in the heavily abridged (by Marsh's youngest son Edward Garrard) and incomplete version in the Pendlebury Library, Cambridge, the emergence of the original version in 1990 has brought about a substantial re-evaluation of Marsh's career and personality. Subsequently sold at Christie's in December of that year, the original is now housed in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. The complex history and a description of the journals and their contents can be found in an article by the present writer in the Huntington Library Quarterly, an issue which also includes an article on the social importance of the journals by William Weber. My purpose here is to provide an introduction to Marsh's experiences as a concert manager and leader in the cities in which he was resident.
The Music Collection of the Staats- Und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg: A Survey of its British Holdings Prior to the Second World War
Authors: Charteris Richard
Published: January 2013

The extent of the music holdings of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg, has never been revealed in print, and, except for a few recent publications dealing with a select number of its extant sources, there has been little comment about the losses it sustained during the Second World War (in 1919 the library's name was changed from ‘Stadtbibliothek’ to ‘Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek’, and in 1983 it acquired its present name ‘Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky‘). Prior to its dispersal and partial destruction during the Second World War, the Hamburg library's music collection compared favourably to other great music libraries of the day such as those in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford. That the Hamburg library now possesses only a small quantity of its original holdings is a cause for much lament, but since detailed descriptions survive of all its pre-War materials, musicologists are afforded some remarkable insights into its sources, many of which have escaped scholarly attention; the descriptions are found in a manuscript catalogue compiled by the brilliant nineteenth-century bibliographer Arrey von Dommer (1828–1905). Dommer's catalogue reveals that in the late nineteenth century the Hamburg library possessed an extensive amount of music, both printed and manuscript, and that its collection of British music, though smaller than its holdings of German and Italian music, was very significant—the richness of its British materials reflects the particular interest of the collector Friedrich Chrysander (1826–1901), from whom much of the library's music was obtained.
The Musical Oeuvre of Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon (1740–99)
Authors: McCulloch Derek
Published: January 2013

Willoughby Bertie was born in Gainsborough on January 16th 1740. Gainsborough was a family seat on his mother's side. Why his birth should have occurred there, rather than at the paternal family seat at Rycote in Oxfordshire, is not known. In November 1745 a fire destroyed the Great House at Rycote; Willoughby's elder brother James, the heir to the title and the estate, died in the fire and Willoughby became the heir to the earldom. Otherwise very little is known. He attended Westminster School, proceeding to matriculation at Magdalen College Oxford in January 1759, and by the time he had taken his M.A. in January 1761 he had already become the 4th Earl (June 1760). He took his seat in the House of Lords in February 1761. Thereafter biographers have assumed he met up with the infamous radical politician John Wilkes in Geneva, where, in the words of his obituary, ‘he imbibed some of the democratic principles of the unsuccessful part of that republick’. In fact he was for some of the time in Rome, as verified by the Mémoires of André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry, from whom he commissioned a flute concerto. Willoughby's first known music teacher was the flautist and composer Karl Gaspard Weiß, who befriended Grétry and invited him to join them in Geneva. At about this time the exiled Wilkes also joined them in Geneva, and all three together with Boswell may also have met up at the Carnival in Naples in 1765. Like Grétry, Willoughby and Wilkes visited Voltaire at nearby Ferney, staying en route at the monastery of Grande-Chartreuse. Voltaire made reference to him as follows: ‘Pair d'Angleterre/Qui voyageait tout excédé d'ennui/Uniquement pour sortir de chez lui/Lequel avait pour charmer sa tristesse/Trois chiens courants, du punch, et sa maitresse’ (English peer, bored out of him mind, travelling simply to get away from home. To charm away his sadness he had three hunting dogs, punch, and his mistress). In an autobiographical poem the earl also talks disparagingly of his time in Holland. A letter from England to Wilkes in Paris, talking of his ‘tender engagement’, confirms that Willoughby was back in this country by the end of June 1767. In July 1768 he married the daughter of Admiral Sir Peter Warren, an Irish Member of Parliament and deemed the richest commoner in the country, owning a substantial amount of land on Manhattan Island (NY). In that year the earl also wrote to Grétry, by this time in Paris, terminating an allowance in return for flute compositions, a ‘proposition’ entered on in Rome, on the grounds that he was no longer playing the instrument, though more feasibly because the composer had not fulfilled his part of what was probably a very informal contract.
‘By the Will and Order of Providence’: The Wesley Family Concerts, 1779–1787
Authors: McLamore Alyson
Published: January 2013

Musically, London has often stood in the shadow of its European cousins. In early studies of the Classical period, musicological attention was usually concentrated on the leading Viennese composers, with only passing reference to England in so far as it related to the careers of these masters. The situation began to change in the 1950s with Charles Cudworth's and Stanley Sadie's pioneering studies of eighteenth-century England, and in recent years several English towns and cities have been the focus of further research. Investigations into London's burgeoning eighteenth-century musical life have revealed the capital's important role in developing modern performance standards and the evolution of a ‘canonic’ repertory, but most research has been centred around public concerts. Despite this increased scholarly attention, there are many frustrating gaps in our knowledge about these activities, and the dearth of information is even greater for most private concerts. There is, however, rich surviving documentation pertaining to the series conducted for nine successive years by the sons of the Revd Charles Wesley (1707–88), co-founder with his brother John Wesley (1703–91) of Methodism. Until now, scholars have failed to make full use of the Wesley materials, partly because of their scattered locations, but also perhaps from a sense that the concerts stood only on the periphery of London concert life. Nevertheless, a closer examination of the Wesley records—and a comparison between them and what is known about more public concerts—shows that these concerts were not as marginal an enterprise as is sometimes assumed.
Nineteenth-Century Dundonian Flute Manuscripts Found at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama
Authors: McAulay Karen E.
Published: January 2013

Early in 2002, three nineteenth-century Scottish flute manuscripts came to light in the Whittaker Library at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD). The manuscripts are inscribed with the name of James Simpson of Dundee. The two slimmer volumes are dated 1828 and 1830. The third undated manuscript is a more handsomely bound volume and, judging by the content and handwriting, was likely to have been started at around the same time. Each manuscript consists almost entirely of flute duets and trios, and untexted psalm tunes for three and four voices. The history of the manuscripts is unknown, but it can be deduced that they were acquired by the RSAMD sometime after 1958. The manuscripts offer a colourful ‘snapshot’ of music-making in Dundee in the nineteenth century, with their cross-section of Scottish tunes and more widely-used drawing-room music, not to mention their church connections.
CPNA-1, a copine domain protein, is located at integrin adhesion sites and is required for myofilament stability inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Warner Adam , Xiong Ge , Qadota Hiroshi , Rogalski Teresa , Vogl A. Wayne , Moerman Donald G. , Benian Guy M.
Published: January 2013

We identify cpna-1 (F31D5.3) as a novel essential muscle gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Antibodies specific to copine domain protein atypical-1 (CPNA-1), as well as a yellow fluorescent protein translational fusion, are localized to integrin attachment sites (M-lines and dense bodies) in the body-wall muscle of C. elegans. CPNA-1 contains an N-terminal predicted transmembrane domain and a C-terminal copine domain and binds to the M-line/dense body protein PAT-6 (actopaxin) and the M-line proteins UNC-89 (obscurin), LIM-9 (FHL), SCPL-1 (SCP), and UNC-96. Proper CPNA-1 localization is dependent upon PAT-6 in embryonic and adult muscle. Nematodes lacking cpna-1 arrest elongation at the twofold stage of embryogenesis and display disruption of the myofilament lattice. The thick-filament component myosin heavy chain MYO-3 and the M-line component UNC-89 are initially localized properly in cpna-1–null embryos. However, in these embryos, when contraction begins, MYO-3 and UNC-89 become mislocalized into large foci and animals die. We propose that CPNA-1 acts as a linker between an integrin-associated protein, PAT-6, and membrane-distal components of integrin adhesion complexes in the muscle of C. elegans.
Visualization of the exocyst complex dynamics at the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fendrych Matyáš , Synek Lukáš , Pečenková Tamara , Drdová Edita Janková , Sekereš Juraj , Rycke Riet de , Nowack Moritz K. , Žárský Viktor
Published: January 2013

The exocyst complex, an effector of Rho and Rab GTPases, is believed to function as an exocytotic vesicle tether at the plasma membrane before soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex formation. Exocyst subunits localize to secretory-active regions of the plasma membrane, exemplified by the outer domain of Arabidopsis root epidermal cells. Using variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy, we visualized the dynamics of exocyst subunits at this domain. The subunits colocalized in defined foci at the plasma membrane, distinct from endocytic sites. Exocyst foci were independent of cytoskeleton, although prolonged actin disruption led to changes in exocyst localization. Exocyst foci partially overlapped with vesicles visualized by VAMP721 v-SNARE, but the majority of the foci represent sites without vesicles, as indicated by electron microscopy and drug treatments, supporting the concept of the exocyst functioning as a dynamic particle. We observed a decrease of SEC6–green fluorescent protein foci in an exo70A1 exocyst mutant. Finally, we documented decreased VAMP721 trafficking to the plasma membrane in exo70A1 and exo84b mutants. Our data support the concept that the exocyst-complex subunits dynamically dock and undock at the plasma membrane to create sites primed for vesicle tethering.