bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying an updated method of markers to defining transient force impact under multiphase flowing
Authors:   South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilmen State Nature Reserve, Pegov V. I. , Moshkin I. Yu. ,   South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilmen State Nature Reserve
Published: February 2021

Numerical simulation of transient hydrodynamic forces from shaped gas cavities formed in liquid under active interaction of liquid and a jet source of high-temperature gas and intensive heat and mass transfer is performed. To solve the task, a method of coarse particle markers with, as opposed to the classical one, an additional stage, when moving boundaries of different media in cells with interfaces of these media are as if stitched, is updated. In addition, problems of inter-media heat and mass transfer by condensation and evaporation are simultaneously solved. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data. Validation and verification are performed by comparing the analysis results with the experimental data. The applicability of the updated method of coarse particle markers to defining transient force impact under multiphase flowing is demonstrated.
El derecho ambiental y el constitucionalismo europeo
Authors: Maniatis Antonio
Published: February 2021

El derecho ambiental constituye una rama genérica de derecho mientras desde hace 2015 la disciplina del derecho del cambio climático ha aquistado autonomía frente a esta rama. Francia es el único país europeo que ha consagrado explícitamente el principio constitucional de precaución, en la Carta del Medio Ambiente en 2005 y el primer país que prohibió el uso del fracking, invocando la precaución, mientras los jueces constitucionales europeos han hecho un uso raro de este principio. De manera similar, un nuevo principio, relacionado con la endogeneidad ambiental de actividades como es el turismo, podría consagrarse. El desafío para el futuro del constitucionalismo europeo y global sería prohibir en las Constituciones el uso del fracking y consagrar los derechos fundamentales universales al Sol, sobre todo a la mitigación del cambio climático.
Secreto, transparencia, confidencialidad y protección de datos en la contratación pública. Estudio de las resoluciones de los tribunales administrativos de contratación y del consejo de transparencia y buen gobierno y órganos equivalentes
Authors: Rodríguez Martín-Retortillo María del Carmen
Published: February 2021

La contratación en el ámbito del Sector Público reúne unas características peculiares, por cuanto en determinadas fases o momentos temporales tiene que quedar garantizado el secreto de las ofertas, mientras que en otras fases en virtud del principio de transparencia debe ponerse en conocimiento de los licitadores o facilitarse el acceso a determinados aspectos de las ofertas y sus valoraciones, que tan sólo encuentran su límite por una parte en el principio de confidencialidad, que no es absoluto, y en el derecho a la protección de datos personales.
Clinical Approach to Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: A Practical Overview
Authors: Matito A , Escribese MM , Longo N , Mayorga C , Luengo-Sánchez O , Pérez-Gordo M , Matheu V , Labrador-Horrillo M , Seoane-Reula ME
Published: February 2021

The diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is defined by 3 criteria: (1) typical clinical signs and symptoms of acute, recurrent (episodic), and systemic mast cell activation (MCA); (2) increase in tryptase level to >20% + 2 ng/mL within 1-4 hours after onset of the acute crisis; and (3) response of MCA symptoms to antimediator therapy. Classification of MCAS requires highly sensitive and specific methodological approaches for the assessment of clonal bone marrow mast cells at low frequencies. The Spanish Network on Mastocytosis score has been used successfully as a predictive model for selecting MCAS candidates for bone marrow studies based on a high probability of an underlying clonal mast cell disorder. In this article, we propose a diagnostic algorithm and focus on the practical evaluation and management of patients with suspected MCAS. Key words: Anaphylaxis. Antimediator therapy. Mast cell activation syndrome. Mast cell mediator release–related symptoms. Tryptase.
The significance of a pandemic in teaching foreign languages, with special regard to the teaching of seniors
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander , Alaverdov Emilia , Jakubowska Luba
Published: February 2021

This article presents the results of research into the influence of a pandemic on education in the field of foreign languages. Research regarding opinions was conducted by the free interview technique on specially selected foreign language teachers in Poland, Belarus, Italy, Ukraine and Georgia. The areas researched covered opinions on various topics – changes in the functioning of educational institutions; changes in students’ needs, expectations and behaviour, with special regard to seniors; problems connected with remote learning; changes in educational methods and content; and the specifics of teaching seniors foreign languages during a pandemic. As a result of qualitative analysis, three categories of problem emerged - pedagogical, didactic, and those specific to the teaching of seniors.
English-to-Russian interpreting course in distance mode: Methodological issues and curriculum implementation challenges
Authors: Tivyaeva Irina V. , Vodyanitskaya Albina A.
Published: February 2021

As Covid19 spread around the world causing national lockdowns, millions of school and university students had to continue their studies in distance mode. The unplanned shift to online learning turned out to be a challenge to educators in many fields, the most problematic spheres being those that conventionally rely on face-to-face interactions. University programs in interpreting were among the worst affected ones as interpreter training requires conference equipment, direct tutor guidance and long hours of individual and group work. Adapting a graduate course in consecutive interpreting to the online format highlighted a number of methodological issues and curriculum limitations related to the specifics of the digital learning environment. Following a case-study design, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of positive and negative factors of mid-term transition to distant mode in interpreter training with a special emphasis on methodological and technological aspects of synchronous online teaching. In exploring the efficiency of the new format, the study relies on a threephase research procedure developed to monitor the transition process on the basis of pre-start screening, progress tracking and final evaluation data. The set of methods and tools employed to obtain and analyze research data includes student questionnaires, regular class observations, student self-assessment reports, open discussions and retrospective protocols. The study uses qualitative analysis in order to gain insights into advantages and disadvantages of the new format and assess its application perspectives. The findings suggest for a blended model and a need for developing the concept of digital didactics.
Teaching lawyer intercultural professional communication during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aleynikova Darya Viktorovna
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 Pandemic has significantly affected and changed many spheres of life. Education is said to be one of the most vulnerable. The article offers an analysis of problems faced by teachers and students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the area of intercultural professional communication. The article provides a comparative analysis of the notions of distance teaching, online teaching, and emergent remote teaching. The author discusses problems of emergent remote teaching lawyers intercultural professional communication. One possible solution to the problems discussed is seen in the use of information and communication technology (ICT). Particular emphasis is made on the description of new ICT techniques that could be used while teaching lawyers. The author stresses the significance of continuous learning in the period of the COVID-19 Pandemic, as well as the importance of applying an action-oriented approach in teaching lawyers. The author concludes that, on the one hand, emergency remote teaching has revealed vulnerabilities. On the other hand, it has demonstrated teachers' and staff's organization skills, ability to adapt to new conditions, and creativity that boost students' motivation in the educational process. The idea of the university educational environment is the upbringing of an independent, critically thinking personality, ready to consciously build his own life, to raise his spiritual, moral, and professional level. The author regards the situation that higher education faced as a good experience. Technological advances in the informatization of education open up new prospects for increasing the availability, efficiency, and quality of education. The author employs an experimental research design and combines both qualitative and quantitative design: descriptive and statistical analyses (correlation analysis and T-test).
Will the “normality” times come back? L2 learning motivation between immigrants and refugees before Covid-19
Authors: Ortiz-Cobo Monica , Garcia-Martin Jose , Bianco Rosella
Published: February 2021

In these turbulent times of changes and transformations where educational processes are being virtualized due to the pandemic, we must not forget the difficulties that this implies for certain vulnerable learners and some learning contexts. That is the case of the L2 learning by immigrants and refugees. Such learners already have a starting difficulty, both for not mastering the language of learning and for the digital divide, which is increased by the migration variable. This work analyses, within a context of “normality”, the motivation of immigrants and refugees, in the light of their links and expectations. The differences in the relation with the Italian language are shown. The results show that the dependency on the host society, the uncertainty of the future and the absence of family ties are influential factors for refugees learning motivation. On the contrary, immigrants are not subjected to these factors, and therefore their Italian L2 learning motivations are different. By this research we conclude that adult refugees and immigrant students have different attitudes through the residency country language learning.
Teaching foreign languages in higher education during the corona crisis
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna , Guttfeld Dorota , Linke-Ratuszny Monika
Published: February 2021

The paper investigates conceptual and operational levels of methods applied by foreign language teachers at Polish universities under pandemic constraints. In a stable state, a method of teaching, determined by institutional standards, was characterised by the dominance of the behavioural ingredient at the conceptual level, the prominence of obligatory operational-level components, and a limited space for bottom-up influences and individual teachers’ voices to be heard. We posit that the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic reversed the hierarchy and as a result, teachers have been able to exercise a significant degree of agency. To assess the potential for such a change, we conducted a voluntary survey among Polish language teachers at a tertiary level. A statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the opportunity for insider self-reflection, offered by the crisis, may affect the conceptual focus of a teaching method as a complex system and eventually penetrate the operational level.
The relationship between Competitive Strategy Drivers and Performance of manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Baariu Victor Laibuni , Gathungu James , Ndemo Bitange
Published: February 2021

This study determines the influence of competitive strategy drivers on the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi County in Kenya. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of many economies all over the world through creation of employment opportunities as well as wealth creation for entrepreneurs. Strong competitive strategy drivers offer advantage to SMEs to help them achieve good performance and remain competitive in their respective markets. The study was anchored on resource-based theory which provided a framework for examining the association between the research variables. For the methodology, a cross-sectional survey was done covering 334 manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection with a response rate of 89.6%. Various descriptive statistics were used to project the demographic characteristics of the association and the respondents. Inferential statistics was used to assess up the connection between the factors and test the model. The results indicated that the three competitive strategy drivers of environmental based drivers, resource-based drivers and hybrid strategy drivers exhibited significant relationship with performance of the Manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi county. The studyâ€™s recommendations will be useful to management of manufacturing-sector SMEs in developing long term strategies to address constraints that could have led to low capacity utilization and productivity in the sector. Additionally, it may be used to guide policy formulations geared to support manufacturing SMEs operations. The researcher recommends similar research to be undertaken in other SMEs and also have more managers respond to the questionnaires in order to enrich the collected data.
La stabilitÃ© financiÃ¨re des SystÃ¨mes Financiers DÃ©centralisÃ©s (SFD) au SÃ©nÃ©gal : quelle situation aprÃ¨s une nouvelle rÃ©gulation prudentielle ?
Authors: Diop Cheikh MbackÃ©
Published: February 2021

Ce travail cherche Ã  analyser la stabilitÃ© financiÃ¨re des SFD au SÃ©nÃ©gal Ã  travers la soliditÃ© financiÃ¨re et la protection des Ã©pargnants, suite Ã  lâ€™application dâ€™une nouvelle rÃ©gulation prudentielle en 2010. La mÃ©thodologie repose sur une base de donnÃ©es de panel de 42 SFD de 2010 Ã  2015. Elle est consolidÃ©e et mise Ã  notre disposition par la direction de la rÃ©glementation qui assure la tutelle des SFD. Un traitement de normalisation par la mÃ©thode Â« Min-Max Â», suivi dâ€™une pondÃ©ration et dâ€™une agrÃ©gation par une analyse en composante principale (ACP) ont permis de construire un indice agrÃ©gÃ© de stabilitÃ© et des sous indices pour apprÃ©cier la stabilitÃ© financiÃ¨re. Les rÃ©sultats soulignent une stabilitÃ© financiÃ¨re et de ses dimensions (rentabilitÃ©, qualitÃ© des actifs et protection des actifs). Cependant, des efforts supplÃ©mentaires permettraient de hisser les niveaux de rentabilitÃ©, de diminuer le PAR et de corriger la tendance baissiÃ¨re des indicateurs de la protection des Ã©pargnants. La disponibilitÃ© des donnÃ©es, au-delÃ  de 2015, serait une valeur ajoutÃ©e. Il serait important aussi de mieux analyser les dÃ©terminants de la liquiditÃ© de lâ€™actif qui contribue Ã  hauteur de 40% Ã  la protection des Ã©pargnants.
This work seeks to analyze the financial stability of the Decentralized Financial System(DFS) in Senegal through the financial robustness and protections of savers, after the application of new prudential regulation in 2010. The methodology consists of a database of 42 Decentralized Financial System panels from 2010 to 2015. It is consolidated and made available at our disposal by the Direction of the regulation which assures the guardianship of DFSs. A regulation by the method Â« Min-Max Â», followed by a ponderation and aggregation by a component analysis have permitted to build an aggregated index of stability and sub-indexes to give an appreciation of the financial stability. The results underline financial stability and its dimensions (profitability, quality of assets and assets protection). However, supplementary efforts should be permitted to boost the level of rentability, to increase the PAR and to correct decreased tendency of indicators of the protection of savers. The availability of datas, beyond 2015, should be an added value. It also should be important to better analyze the determinants of asset quality which contributes to the level of 40% to the protection of savers.
Testing the Moderating Effect of Gender on Job Satisfaction and Employeesâ€™ Behaviours Relationship: Evidence from Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) Buea, Cameroon
Authors: Emmanuel Nwahanye , Agaha Atabong Nkeng Lionel
Published: February 2021

With the quest of personalization of actions from their employees, organisations are constantly looking for means that allow them to consider all employeesâ€™ needs in designing satisfaction tools that will enable their employees to portray adequate behaviours at work. The present study explored whether gender moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and employeesâ€™ behaviours within a telecommunication company in Cameroon (MTN, Buea). A quantitative cross-sectional method was used with a sample size of 212 respondents. The hierarchical moderated regression and the multigroups regression approach were used as data analysis tools. Findings showed that gender moderates the effect of job satisfaction on employeesâ€™ commitment and employeesâ€™ citizenship behaviour. It is a quasi-moderation and the size effect is characterized as low. Contrariwise, gender does not moderate the effect of job satisfaction on employeesâ€™ intention to quit. These findings can help inform intervention efforts by identifying gender-fit job satisfaction tools and policies to optimize the adoption by each group of adequate behaviours in the company.
Theoretical Review of the Impact of Fiscal Deficits on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Musa Bushi Kasimu
Published: February 2021

The growth and persistence of fiscal deficits in both the industrialized and developing countries has brought the issue of fiscal deficits into sharp focus. Over the last decade, the growth impact of fiscal deficits has generated large volume of both theoretical and empirical literature. Despite the lofty place of fiscal policy in the management of the economy, the Nigerian economy is yet to come on the path of sound growth and development. The behaviour of fiscal deficits in Nigeria has followed unsteady pattern, assessing the significance of the policy deficits. The actualization of sustainable economic growth is more imperative such that the country is working towards achieving the sustainable development goals. The paper adopted a descriptive method to show the trend of fiscal elements in Nigeria with the aim of determining the relationship between the variables specified. The paper concludes that fiscal operation is ineffective in providing the needed macroeconomic environment for sustainable growth. This paper further suggests that powerful pro-stability stakeholders strong enough to challenge government fiscal recklessness will need to emerge for sustainable and progressive development to be attained at all levels.
Strategy Map Development for the Central Bank of Nepal Using Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Niroula Shova , Tan Qingmei , Parajuli Aswin
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on how the development of the strategy map for the Central Bank of Nepal is done by linking the key measures with the four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard perspectives (finance, customer, internal process, and learning and growth). The central bank is a vital part of an economy, and therefore it should not limit its strategy implementation and performance measurement within the financial perspectives only. So, this paper serves the purposes of creating a road map for discovering the key indicators to create the strategy map and to support future research in the Nepalese banking field. In the absence of a previous strategy map, the strategic goals of the bank were derived from the relevant literature, the bankâ€™s vision, mission, goals, and mandates followed by the expertâ€™s selection. A list of the bankâ€™s strategic goals was derived from the survey questionnaire corresponding to the four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard. The measures of perspective were studied by factor analysis. The research therefore uses a descriptive-exploratory method. Finally, the strategy map was developed and the result consisted of the strategic goals and measures in financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth.
Dissensions internes du peuple nâ€™zima kotoko et pratique de lâ€™abissa a grand-bassam dans le sud de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: Kadjo ArsÃ¨ne , Ezan Jean-Baptiste Blay Anoh
Published: February 2021

Institution traditionnelle de cohÃ©sion sociale, lâ€™Abissa reprÃ©sente pour la sociÃ©tÃ© Nâ€™Zima le socle des valeurs. Il marque le dÃ©but du nouvel an consacrÃ© Ã  la critique sociale, Ã  la purification et au renforcement des liens communautaires et sociaux. Cependant, fort des dissensions internes qui apparaissent en 2018, une rupture dans sa pratique sâ€™est observÃ©e. Le prÃ©sent article se propose alors de comprendre comment les dissensions internes du peuple Nâ€™zima affectent la pratique de lâ€™Abissa ainsi que les consÃ©quences qui en dÃ©coulent. Pour ce faire, lâ€™entretien et lâ€™observation ont Ã©tÃ© mobilisÃ©s comme techniques. Lâ€™enquÃªte a mis en lumiÃ¨re lâ€™intrusion des tiers dans la pratique de lâ€™Abissa et les dissensions politiques comme facteurs de rupture. En effet, lâ€™interventionnisme des pouvoirs dans la fixation des dates des festivitÃ©s de lâ€™Abissa sont interprÃ©tÃ©es par une frange ultra-conservatrice de la population comme un acte de dÃ©sacralisation. A ce facteur, sâ€™ajoute la position politique jugÃ©e partisane du souverain Nâ€™zima qui a exacerbÃ© des tensions sociales et communautaires dÃ©jÃ  assez fortes dans un contexte Ã©lectoral cristallisÃ© par la violence. Comme consÃ©quences de cette situation confligÃ¨ne, la profanation de lâ€™Abissa avec son corollaire la perturbation des Ã©nergies cosmiques en faveur du peuple, de mÃªme que la fragilisation des relations sociales se soldant par la rÃ©currence des conflits intercommunautaires. La comprÃ©hension du phÃ©nomÃ¨ne sâ€™est faite Ã  partir la thÃ©orie des parties prenantes (J.D. Rendtoff, M. Bonnafous-Boucher, 2014) qui permet Ã  partir de leur positionnement dans les actions dâ€™identifier les acteurs en confrontation et les logiques de leurs actions.
Election Violence and Voter Turnout in 2019 General Elections: What Role for Political Parties?
Authors: Salihu Mustapha , Yakubu Yahaya
Published: February 2021

This study examines the incidence of electoral violence and its resultant effects on voter turnout in the 2019 general elections in Nigeria, with the role of political parties as the focal point of discussion. A review of election data shows; voter turnout has been on the decline from 69% in 2003 to 35% in 2019. While a handful of factors could be responsible, the study ascribes its prevalence to the anticâ€™s political parties (incumbent and opposition) and politicians who deliberately deploy violence as an electoral strategy. To account for the relationship between, political parties, electoral violence and voter turn-out, the study builds on theories of voter mobilization in and advanced and emerging democracies. Against this, it concludes in the absence of enduring party-voter relations in Nigeria, political parties and politicians alike, resort to vote buying, mobilization of political thugs and in other times deployment of state coercive apparatus to intimidate opponents all of which culminates into electoral irregularities which has the potency to instigate electoral violence. This in turn has in amongst others adversely affected voter turn-out as rightly observed over five electoral cycles.
Whale Watching Tours as a Cultural Object in Fiction â€“ Jojo Moyesâ€™ Silver Bay
Authors: Marginean Alexandra
Published: February 2021

This paper starts from Jojo Moyesâ€™ novel Silver Bay, looking at the way in which it presents tourism related to sea life watching and at aspects of peopleâ€™s existence in a territory that has this type of potential. One of the aims is to raise awareness in what regards the specificity of such beach areas, in terms of not only opportunities, but also threats to sea ecosystems posed by excessive modernization driven by economic interests. Another aim is to interpret phenomena and attitudes presented in the story from a theoretical background, to make visible what mindsets the actions and behaviors in the novel manifest, from those discussed in intercultural, identity and cultural studies, which represent the academic theoretical approach in this research. Examples of these would be uncertainty (in)tolerance, masculine versus feminine cultures, dominant versus harmonizing (outer-directed) attitudes towards the environment. Moreover, certain potential iconoclastic interpretations, such as mystical exaggeration when it comes to interpreting whale communication may be elucidated. The analysis starts with the outline of the story and focal points, then pinpoints the significant role of sea life tourism in the novel. Afterwards, it goes on to set the explanatory background by looking at the polarity old-new and further superposed oppositions, to subsequently get to the description of whale watching, whale behavior and animal-related issues, and finally look into the metaphor of seeing the human being as a whale. The conclusions sum up the main findings: the fiction under the lens here is informative and raises awareness related to the abovementioned aspects (cultural identity and profiles, intercultural contrastive interpretations, typical forms of tourism, ecosystem preservation, irresponsible or illegal actions). They point out as well the relevance and placement of the topic in modern approaches on tourism, environmental concerns, sustainability and wildlife preservation in general.
The Sea Power of Small States: A Case Study of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumara Jeewaka Saman
Published: February 2021

The geo-strategic location of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean, which is a part of global and regional power competition, is close to the key and busy naval routes between the East and the West. Particularly, the marine area of Sri Lanka has critical geopolitical importance due to its location between the Strait of Hormuz and the Strait of Malacca, which are essential transit zones in the world. The marine area of Sri Lanka has gained much attention from the industrial and newly industrial nations due to the living and non-living natural resources contained in the surrounding sea. With this background note, this paper focuses on discussing the sea power dimension of national security, focusing on the case of Sri Lanka, which has been neglected by contemporary academia of small powersâ€™ studies. For this purpose, Alfred Thayer Mahanâ€™s theory on sea power has been employed to theoretically and practically examine the feasibility of its application for enhancing the sea power of Sri Lanka in the context of changing global order. The research was drawn from a wide range of secondary sources and a descriptive analysis was made. The paper concludes with implications for some realistic policies for enhancing the sea power capacity of Sri Lanka as it allows the free flow of people and goods as well as the projection of naval power of Sri Lanka.
Stuck in Slums: A Case Study of Slums in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Samuel Persis , Nisar Muhammad Shemyal
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on finding answers to the reasons why people keep living in the slums and why they cannot get out of their precarious conditions. This paper looks into different reasons for people being stuck in slums from a religious perspective. Reasons for different religious groups being stuck in slums are not explored fully in the literature. The analysis draws on qualitative research with a sample of 53 semi-structured interviews conducted in 8 katchi abadis in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study shows that slums are nonhomogenous entities and are regarded as a living organism that provide safety, security, and a sense of belonging to some of the residents. The results revealed that both Christian and Muslim slum residents had different reasons for living in slums. There were not only inter-religious differences in the choice of living but intra religious differences had also been found. In the process, the paper highlights that most Christians lived in slums by choice due to strong social capital, with an exception of a few. On the other hand, Muslim slum residents lived in poverty which was a major reason most of the slum dwellers are stuck in slums. Policymakers should meet the needs of the people before implementing any policies. This is because relocation policies can bring misery to some of the slum dwellers. Finally, the paper demonstrated that slums play a pivotal role in the lives of the slum dwellers in keeping them.
Role of Military From Counter Insurgency to Peace Building: Paradigm Shift in the Sri Lankan Nation-StateÊ¼s Security
Authors: Rukshan D.G. Rajitha Nilaksha
Published: February 2021

Historically, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) used to be considered as one of the more stable and secure countries in the South Asian region. In the years after independence it gradually dawned on the government that maintaining national security was a crucial and most challenging contemporary issue faced by the country. At the global level, the role of the Military was understood as being vital for ensuring the safety, security and dignity of the nation-state. And, when national security is threatened on any ground, the military is expected to play a key role in safeguarding it. However, after the military victory was won by defeating the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka in 2009 it was expected that a deep sense of peace and tranquility would be restored in the country. Contrary to this expectation, Sri Lankan national security was breached very badly, leadimg to an unstable situation as a result of a series of bomb blasts set off by certain extremist elements on the 21st of April 2019. In this backdrop, it would be a timely exercise to explore and analyze the Sri Lankan nation stateÊ¼s security, peace building initiatives, and the role of the military. Taking this a step further, this study sought to analyze the role played by the military in the post-conflict peace building process as well. The study used qualitative methodology to conduct the investigation. Secondary data sources including books, articles and official reports were utilized to collect information for this study. This research found that in Sri Lanka the military was actively engaged in maintaining national security by using its soft and hard power as appropriate. This Study also found that lack of a coherent National Security Policy in Sri Lanka has been a key problem that needs to be addressed and corrected soon to ensure the safety and security of the country.
SELF-MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE OF PATIENT WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN SUMBAWA BESAR, WEST NUSA TENGGARA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Pranata Satriya , Yi Huang Xuan
Published: February 2021

Background: The number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia was reported to increase every year. Indonesia included into ranked sixth countries for diabetes (20-79 years) and ranked third as the deadliest diseases, (IDF, 2017; WHO, 2016). However, research about self-management experience for people with Type 2 DM is insufficient. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the Self-management Experience of Patient with Type 2 DM in Sumbawa Besar, West Nusa Tenggara. Methods: Purposive sampling with one-on-one depth interview were used to obtain the participants experiences about self-management. six participants were selected randomly from 30 participants in community. Data saturation was achieved and analyzed by Colaizzi’s (1978) seven-step method. Results: Six themes emerged from study were: dietary adjustment, using medicine to decrease blood glucose, taking exercise, taking care of DM by oneself, social support and looking for information regarding DM were consider as important theme for DM population in Sumbawa Besar, West Nusa Tenggara. Conclusion: the result of this study showed that each patient with DM has ability to carry out self-management based on their belief, value and knowledge. Basic information about diabetes was the most important aspect before patients can perform self-management successfully.
“This small gift is dedicated to...” Dedicatory inscriptions of Tambov bibliophiles on the civil press books of the 18th century
Authors: Zhitin Ruslan M. , Topilsky Aleksey G.
Published: February 2021

The tradition of book-making is closely connected with the formation and development of private library collections in Russia in the 18th century, which began its development with representatives of the noble class as the main book-holders who had the opportunity to purchase fairly expensive publications. Subsequently, the transfer of books began to spread among the middle strata, who viewed book-making primarily as a kind of mark for summing up a certain stage in their life – training, service, etc. Often on such gifts, short inscriptions (inscripts) were applied, containing personal information of a different nature. This work is dedicated to the inscriptions on the civil press books of the 18th century from the collections of Tambov second-hand booksellers. We prove that a careful reading of the dedicatory inscriptions allows us to trace the motives of do-nation, the nature of the relationship between second-hand booksellers and the history of their collections. Thanks to the conducted work, we create new and supplement the existing meetings of book owners. We show the connections of individuals with institutions revealed through donation inscriptions. We trace the individual trajectories of individual editions, which can be identified through the presence of the records of several donors who consecutively donated books. Consideration of the scripts allows us to present the book as a translator of the personality of its owner and a reflection of historical events.
Dynamics and statics in onomastics
Authors: Dzyuba Maria S.
Published: February 2021

We consider static and dynamic in onomastics. We establish that, despite the fact that the synchronic and diachronic approaches to language are quite independent techniques, it must be admitted that “static”, although it may seem paradoxical, is not a synchronic, but a diachronic fact, which can be discovered when considering the language in time perspective. We justify that ergonyms serve people of adjacent generations and, on the one hand, ergonyms are supposedly stable and static, but, on the other hand, they are subject to dynamic processes. This inconsistency is the basis for the existence of egronyms and the source from development. On the material of oikodomonyms with the onymic part “anthroponyms”, reflecting the territorial variants depending on the linguistic and linguo-cultural preferences of the Tambov inhabitants, and the word “home”, the static and dynamic nature of the ergonomic category is considered. We prove that the identification of what is static and what is dynamic is possible only after the establishment of certain historical stages (boundaries) in the language. This will allow a native speaker to perceive the language as an objectively existing means of communication, and a linguist – to establish the systemic nature of the language and evaluate it retrospectively and prospectively.
Component “tree” in the semantic structure of stable comparisons of the Russian language
Authors: Ogoltseva Ekaterina V.
Published: February 2021

The work analyzes the semantic structure of stable comparisons with the “tree” component and its derivatives. We consider stable comparisons as special phraseological units - reproducible linguistic units with figurative comparative meaning. We show that different structural models of such phraseological units form some semantic unity – “comparative nest”. We draw a large number of contexts that illustrate typical situations of using stable comparisons with the “tree” component, we conclude that the formal variation of their figurative basis determines the variety of semantic nuances that are significant at the pragmatic level. The use of the analysis method of dictionary definitions and contextual analysis makes it possible, firstly, to significantly supplement and clarify the scientific results obtained by specialists in the field of cultural linguis-tics and cognitive linguistics, and secondly, to outline ways of systematizing Russian comparative phraseology, which occupies an important place in the expressive fund of Russian language. When considering the figurative and symbolic meanings grouped around the lexeme “tree”, it is important to distinguish between two interrelated meanings: “perennial plant” and “woody material, wood”. The system of meanings of stable comparisons of the Russian language with the “tree” component is based on the semantic features “hard”, “rigid”, “inelastic” that characterize the second meaning. In other words, the lexeme “tree” in Russian language is a representative not only of the plant, but also of the material code of culture.
Vocabulary with the Northern Russian dialect base in the Russian literary language
Authors: Dmitruk Lyudmila A.
Published: February 2021

We analyze a number of significant issues of historical lexicology and dialectology related to the development of the Russian literary language, as well as to the study of the nature of its inclusion in the national language. We trace the connection of the codified language with such extra-literary elements as folk patois, vernacular, jargons, we determine their historical significance for the creation in the 18th–19th centuries of a new formation language, built on a democratic basis. Northern Russian patois, including Kostroma, are regarded as the most archaic layer of linguistic phenomena that influenced the Moscow Koine, on the basis of which the literary language was later formed. In this study, the North Russian dialect vocabulary and narrower, Kostroma, is considered as a source of the formation of the vocabulary fund of the literary language, and the artistic, journalistic and scientific works of Kostroma writers and local historians of the late 19th – 20th centuries (A.O. Ablesimov, N.A. Nekrasov, А.N. Ostrovsky, S.V. Maksimov, I.M. Kasatkin, E.V. Chestnyakov, N.N. Vinogradov, V.I. Smirnov, A.V. Gromov, etc.), related to the Kostroma region, as one of the channels of the “migration” of a regional word into the literary language, which largely contributed to its adaptation and consolidation in a standardized language, the de-velopment of extensive lexical and semantic connections and relationships.
Human behavior under conditions of limited freedom in the novel by A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s “In the first circle”
Authors: Bai Yang , Sorokina Nataliya V.
Published: February 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the image features of the people’s behavior in the conditions of camp imprisonment in the A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “In the first Circle”. We study the forms of artistic embodiment of the theme of inner and outer freedom of the individual. We compare the principles of depicting the daily life of prisoners in the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” and the novel “In the First Circle”. We pay attention to the meaning of the titles of these works by A.I. Solzhenitsyn. We consider the writer’s portrayal of events and actions of people in the absence/limitation of physical freedom. We emphasized the role of creative endea-vors in the self-preservation of human dignity. We outline the main parameters of the depiction of love storylines and family stories in the novel. We are clarifying the meaning of the author’s font emphasis in the text. We focus on the enduring relevance of the topic of preserving the mental strength of a person during periods of forced bondage and limited living conditions, which is one of the priorities in the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The results of this study contribute to the expan-sion of ideas about the ideological and artistic specifics of the writer’s “camp prose” and can be applied when studying the history of Russian literature in universities, at special seminars and spe-cial courses on the work of the classic of the 20th century.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino , Ferreira Danielle Thiago
Published: February 2021

Evolução dos ambientes, serviços, produtos e processos informacionais, atuação do profissional bibliotecário diante desta evolução e os desafios tecnológicos, de uma forma geral, são os temas tratados nesta edição, que traz um rico conteúdo e apresenta trabalhos com alto nível de discussão.
Study of Pb Heavy Metal Pollution Level on Tannin Content of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in Bluto and Talango Sea Waters, Sumenep, East Java
Authors: Pujiono Catur , Taufiq Mukti Akhmad , Hastuti Satyantini Woro
Published: February 2021

Euchema cottoni or Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of seaweeds that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Water pollution caused by the accumulation of Pb heavy metals will affect the seaweed to grow and develop. This study is aimed to determine the tannin levels in K. alvarezii and the relationship of Pb heavy metal pollution level with tannin levels in K. alvarezii in different waters. This study used an observational experiment, and samples were taken from two different locations with 4 stations in each. From each sample in both locations, K. alvarezii was taken and was then measured for the tannin levels, water quality, and heavy metals (Pb) in water and in K. alvarezii. The results were analyzed at the Laboratory of PT. Sucofindo and the Laboratory of Testing Service Unit, Airlangga University Surabaya. The data were analyzed using a statistical test in the form of a t-test to determine the differences in samples in both waters, and a C-square test was used to determine the relationship between PB and tannin levels in K. alvarezii. The results showed that the level of Pb heavy metal pollution in the two waters did not show a significant difference due to water quality which was quite similar in both locations. Moreover, the tannin content in K. alvarezii in Bluto waters (0.053±0.004%) was higher than that in Talango waters (0.020±0.009%). Meanwhile, a t-test showed a significant difference in seaweed tannins in both waters. The relationship between Pb heavy metal pollution and tannins of seaweed in Bluto and Talango waters was that they did not affect each other, and tannin concentration was more influenced by chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity of both waters, and the cultivation methods used.
Oxygen Consumption of Litopenaeus vannamei in Intensive Ponds Based on the Dynamic Modeling System
Authors: Wafi Abdul , Ariadi Heri , Muqsith Abdul , Mahmudi Mohammad , Fadjar Mohammad
Published: February 2021

In intensive shrimp culture, oxygen consumption of shrimp is an important indicator that greatly affects the physiological condition of shrimp as a reared organism. The purpose of this study was to dynamically determine the oxygen consumption of shrimp in intensive culture as well as the variables of water quality and shrimp growth. This research was conducted with the concept of ex-post facto causal design in intensive aquaculture ponds during the shrimp cultivation period. During the shrimp culture period, the rate of oxygen consumption of shrimp is inversely related with the  sigmodial average increase in shrimp body weight. Meanwhile, based on the simulation analysis with the dynamic modeling concept, it is shown that oxygen consumption was linear to the dynamics of  average daily gain and inversely proportional with the increasing rate of shrimp biomass in the ponds. In addition, oxygen consumption rate of shrimp in intensive ponds had a close relationship with water salinity and total organic matter. In conclusion, dynamically, the fluctuation of oxygen consumption rate and average daily gain of shrimp in intensive culture are closely related to the stability of the water quality conditions on the shrimp habitat.
The Digestion Level of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Different Combination Feeds
Authors: Prajayati Vini Taru Febriani , Subhakti Hasan Otie Dylan , Mulyono Mugi
Published: February 2021

Digestibility is food substances from feed consumption that are not excreted into the feces, and the difference between food substances consumed and those excreted in the feces is the amount of food that can be digested. Information about the digestibility value of food is very important as a basis in assessing the quality of food and designing fish feed rations.This research was conducted to determine the level of the feed digestibility in nirvana tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed with a combination of fish meal and maggot flour. This research was conducted at the Hatchery Campus of BAPPL STP Serang, Banten from September-December 2019. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. There were 225 fish used in the testing with an average weight of 0.16 grams. The culture media used was a plastic  container with a size of 60 x 41 x 34 cm. Feeding was carried out for 50 days, with a frequency of twice a day, and the dose of feeding was 3% of the biomass.The results showed the total digestibility parameter of feed, protein digestibility of feed and the highest protein retention in the treatment of 50% of the combination feeds , with the highest total digestibility value of 56.97 ± 3.41 and the lowest of 42.08 ± 0.42, the highest protein digestibility with a value of 87.33 ± 0.95and the lowest of 83.11 ± 1.30 and the highest protein retention with a value of 14.83 ± 0.22and the lowest of 11.69 ± 1.05.
Analisis Scanning Electron Microscopy pada Nacre Sinanodonta (Anodonta) woodiana (Lea, 1834)
Authors: Kalesaran Ockstan Jurike , Lumenta Cyska
Published: February 2021

Chinese pond shell, Sinanodonta (Anodonta) woodiana (Lea, 1834), is a freshwater bivalve that has essential ecological and economic functions. The microstructure of the nacre is of great interest and is the main attraction for the development of pearl farming. This study aims to describe the microstructure and composition of biomineral elements of the nacre at several shell sizes of S. woodiana. The shell is cut with a small forcepon the ventral margin with a size of 3-5 mm for Scanning Electron Microscpy (SEM). SEM images display that a shell layer consists of periostracum, prismatic and nacre layers. The surface of the nacre layer is an irregular or labyrinth patterned. The nacre tablets are hexagonal, glued to each other, so the nacre tablets become polygonal. Moreover, the microstructure of the nacre tablets is like a brick wall, and the thickness of tablets from 0.43 μm to 0.59 μm. The composition of the biomineral elements are C, O, Ca, and the mineralization mechanism is under the control of aquatic environmental factors that help the process of microstructure formation in nacre.