bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of the Jesse James’ Myth in Contemporary American Cinema
Authors: Zakharov Dmitry V
Published: February 2020

American historiography puts forward a theory which looks upon the US history as consisting of a row of cycles. The pattern was detected by thinkers and historians like Ralph W. Emerson, Henry B. Adams, Arthur M. Schlesinger and others. A cycle includes two contradicting phases lasting approximately 15-20 years each. Their character and content are defined differently - by social interest/personal interest, liberalism/conservatism, democracy/capitalism. The common ground between all the oppositions is the vision of the cyclic regularity nature. During the social anxiety periods the energy breaks out, the nation stirs to action (Progressive Era (1890s-1910s), New Deal (30s), turbulent years (60s). When the social organism gets tired it demands a break to recover. The social rest time begins (Roaring Twenties, presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961), Me Decade (80s)). The article takes as a premise that cinema reflects the rythmic variations - at the level of ideas, themes, types of characters, genres, plots, a visual style. The theory is tested by means of examination of the western - the oldest national American genre. The article analyses the western subgenre - films telling of legendary frontier outlaws, namely Jesse James regarded as American Robin Hood. The theory of cycles optics enables to track the transformation of James myth and his image. The main part of the article is devoted to the landmark film of the contemporary social anxiety phase The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007, dir. Andrew Dominik). A thorough review of the polyphonic text demostrates that whichever interpretation is prefered the intention of the authors to a radical reconsideration of the well known myth is obvious. Correlations and contrasts with the other Jesse James films reveal that the view on the criminal number one directly corresponds with the historical phase.
The Origins of the First Sound Animation: Songs Series by the Fleischer Brothers
Authors: Krivulya Natalia G
Published: February 2020

With the invention of moving pictures, the creators sought to supplement them with sound. Even before the invention of cinemat, E. Reynaud in the optical theatre gave performances in which moving images were combined with sound. It was pre-cinema experience, which represented the theatre model of audiovisual show. The attempts to synchronize the dynamic images and sound were taken by T. Edison, S. Meshes, L. Gaumont, O. Kellum, E.Tigerstedt, J. Engel, G. Phocht and J. Massol. However, the systems suggested by these inventors were not perfect. An important step towards creation of a sound film was the appearance of the optical sound recording system Phonofilm designed by Lee de Forest. In 1923, he became acquainted with Brothers Fleischer, outstanding American animators. Together with H. Riesenfeld and E. Fadiman they organized Red Seal Pictures Corporation and began to shoot Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes, which consisted of a series of animated shots Sing-alongs (featuring the famous bouncing ball). It was a kind of multimedia shots, as there was no plot, no character and no narrative structure. They were created basing on popular songs, but did not illustrate them. The Sing-alongs shots were produced for the audience to sing their favorite songs before the session, while reading the text of the songs from the screen. The animated ball bouncing on the syllables helped them to follow the rhythm of the melody. These films became the prototype of the modern karaoke and music animated shows. The series were released from May 1924 till September 1927. The Fleshers created more than 45 shots, more than 19 of which using the Phonofilm. The first sound animated shots where the images were synchronized with the sound and recorded on the same media, were released in 1925. The film Come to Travel on My Airship was the first where the speech was heard, and in the shot My Old House in Kentucky the Fleischers managed to synchronize the speech with the facial expressions of cartoon characters as they were speaking. When the animating and shooting technology changed, the film structure underwent changes too. Detailed animation parts with the story content appeared. The text animation became variable as well. Since the 1930s, the shots have included scenes with singers and jazz-bands. The animated film series Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes shot by the Brothers Fleischer established the principle of movement and sound synchronism in the animation. They not only out paced the sound films by P. Terry and W. Disney, which were considered to be the first sound animation films for a long time, but also proved that the sound animation had been possible and the thirty-year era of the silent animation came to an end.
Contribution of Artists Teaching at the Russian Federation S.A. Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography into Formation and Development of the Fine Arts in Mongolia in 20th century
Authors: Melekhova Xenia A
Published: February 2020

The relevance of studying the contribution of artists and educators of Russian art for formation and development of the creative method of masters in Central Asian countries is due to the importance of this topic for solving the theoretical and practical problems of contemporary art history. Since the second half of the 20th century, the influence of Russian art school on art of the countries of the socialist community has increased. Russian universities have become base centers of higher art education. As a result, the main number of masters of art in Mongolia are graduates to Soviet and Russian art institutions. With appearance in 1935 of the studio "Mongolkino" in Ulan Bator, there was appear need for connoisseurs. Mongolian creators got the opportunity to obtain good education in the Soviet Union in VGIK. When learning students mastered programs aimed at comprehensive creative education. Priceless contribution to formation of the creative method of young masters was made by the artist-educators B.V. Dubrovsky-Eshke, F.S. Bogorodsky, Yu.I. Pimenov and others. Particular attention in pedagogical activity they drawn to the development and improvement of the creativity of the student. We were taught to think and feel images, constantly develop creative individuality, professionalism and at the same time preserve national roots. In the 50s, Mongolian painters Ochryn Myagmar and Purev Tsogzol were educated at VGIK. They passed the school of Soviet art and based on it stood at the origins of the Mongolian cinema. Artists work in various genres and techniques, in the mainstream of European artistic methods. Perfectly knowing how to draw, they write with oil and watercolor. For both artists, work on the nature is fundamental. With a perfect mastery of this creative approach, they remain deeply national masters. VGIK pedagogical school gave the basic footing for the development of cinema in Mongolia and further stimulated the creative potential of new generations of filmmakers. So the Mongolian visual and film art enriched with innovative artistic principles.
Mind-Body Dialectics in the Latest Science Fiction TV-Series
Authors: Stroyeva Olesya V
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the latest science fiction series in the context of the mind-body philosophical problems. The synthesis of theoretical knowledge and empirical science (phenomenological, psychoanalytic, neurophysical and cybernetic experience) is used for the analysis. Prospects for the development of artificial intelligence, including the issue of creating self-conscious robots, unfold not only in science fiction but also in reality thus causing the high ratings of the cyberpunk genre. The destruction of the boundary between man and machine, natural and artificial body, physical and non-physical, real and virtual, is the key point of the newest series The Black Mirror, Electric Dreams of Philip K. Dick, Altered Carbon, Westworld. Mind-body dialectics in philosophy construed by R. Descartes and B. Spinoza, further developed by phenomenologists, is actualized today in the context of technological development. Despite the insights and warnings of science fiction writers, scientists seek for making the breakthrough in the invention of an artificial man. This tendency is caused, first of all, by the desire to conceive the arrangement of human consciousness: how it is generated by matter - the network of neurons of the brain. Solving this philosophical dilemma inevitably leads to unpredictable consequences and radical changes in the development of civilization. Nevertheless, this step is fatal in the general tendency of demiurgy and mimesis, which underlie all the cultural, creative and aesthetic activities of mankind. The author comes to the conclusion that cinema demonstrates models of the possible development of events and the consequences of technogenic tendencies, while the reality clearly indicates that the era of posthumanism has already begun, and were witnessing the most incredible scenarios created by the world of science fiction.
Psychological Insight in Asgar Farhadi’s Early Films
Authors: Grigorieva Natalya G
Published: February 2020

The article dwells on the work of Asghar Farhadi, one of the leading Iranian film directors, a proud winner of a number of prestigious international awards. The author proves that modern Iranian filmmakers show preferences to other genres as opposed to those favored in the 1990s; metaphorical ellipses have replaced the obvious conclusions and contemplative moralizing has given way to focusing on characters inner world. The article emphasizes that A. Farhadi was among the first in Iranian cinema to have fully mastered the achievements of European psychological drama. The logic of characters behavior and cause- and-effect relationship appeared to have been the most vulnerable point in the films of Iranian New Wave. The first films by A. Farhadi (Dancing in the Dust, 2003; The Beautiful City, 2004; Fireworks Wednesday, 2006) manifested a significant step forward in this respect. Though these pictures are less known to the audience and not so generously acclaimed and rewarded by international film festivals as his famous Salesman, they show Farhadis skills of a talented psychologist more apparently. The author notes that by turning to psychoanalysis, Farhadi does not reject social aspects, but merely shifts the highlights. His social criticism does not have the acuteness of an open confrontation, but is subtly interwoven into his contemplating narratives, characters reflections and motivations. The article also touches the image of women, which has considerably changed since the late 1990s. The director is less interested in social contradictions and tension caused by the oppressed status of women in an Islamic society. Instead, he is more concerned with their inner world and how they deal with complicated issues.
Multivariance of Reality in the Digital Paradigm
Authors: Urazova Svetlana L
Published: February 2020

The article validates the terms based on the notion of reality that have started to be used in the media due to the implementation of digital technologies. Emphasis is laid on Virtual Reality (VR) and its types: Augmented Reality (AG) and Mixed Reality (MR). Дєіг application updates the approaches to the creation of film and TV productions, alters the immanent bond with the audience. tte terms are correlated with the concepts of media reality and screen reality introduced into scientific use. As a result, there emerges a multireality which affects the individuals perception.
Characteristics of Traditional Aesthetics in the Film Music of the Far East Countries
Authors: Sergeeva Tatiana S
Published: February 2020

Revealing the role of esthetic space where the film director works and its significance for creating the audiovisual synthesis of the film, the article studies the inextricable connection of music with the traditional esthetics in the cinema of the Far East countries.
Vladimir Mayakovsky as a Film Actor: a “Star” or an Amateur?
Authors: Pronin Alexander A
Published: February 2020

The article investigates Vladimir Mayakovskys activity as an actor. The author defines the characteristic features of the poets acting and assesses his artistic capabilities based on the analysis of the film The Lady and the Hooligan and accounts of his contemporaries.
Stunt trickery as an effective spectacle means of artistic expressiveness
Authors: Danilov Dzhan I.
Published: February 2020

The article looks into the notions of film stunt and stunt technical skills as the most expressive and memorable means of an audiovisual production. On the whole, the stunt as a concept has undergone a considerable evolution adjusting itself to the screen narrative and forming its inventory of stunt performance. The term served as the basis for the emergence of the so called stunt cinema which gained popularity and consumer demand. In modern film industry, stunt films are considered highly profitable.
The Impact of Creative Content on the Modification of the Film Exhibition Structure in Russia
Authors: Bezenkova Maria V
Published: February 2020

Taking into consideration the peculiarities of Russian film distribution, the article presents a wide range of basic trends in the artistic content meant for demonstration in cinemas. The author also studies the conceptual, structural and economic advantages of this distribution model as essential for Russian film industry.
Involuntary Behavior of Gogol’s Heroes
Authors: Mildon Valery I
Published: February 2020

Taking Nikolai Gogols work as an example, the article searches into literary characters, points out to the difficulties of translating literature to screen, reveals the aesthetic incompatibility of literature and cinema. Special attention is paid to the psychological and behavioral motivation of the characters, which is particularly vital for the work of the script-writer and director working with literary source material.
The Culture of the XVIIIth Century and the Return to the Human Being
Authors: Pondopulo Gleb K
Published: February 2020

Analyzing the works of Giambattista Vico, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Gottfried Herder and Immanuel Kant, the article searches into the typological peculiarities of the 18th century culture, shows a fundamental refocusing of the whole cultural process from the cosmological idea to the anthropological one, gives the humanist reasons of culture and the definition of its personalized form, reveals the self-identification of a human being not as the object but the subject of learning and creative work.
Swedish Cinematograph at the beginning of the XXI century. The problem of national style
Authors: Koblenkova Diana Viktorovna , Koblenkova Diana Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

This article explores the major tendencies of Swedish Cinematography at the beginning of the XXI century. It focuses on analyzing the peculiarities in the Swedish film genre, which was formed during the silent cinema era, however remained dominant until recently. The peculiarities in contemporary Swedish drama are considered to be an original synthesis of two contradictory tendencies of the 1950s and '60s: these are represented by the psycho-philosophical films by I. Bergman and the Socialogical films by B.Viderberg. The article gives a list of key topics in modern films and outlines the peculiarities of their given genres
The mediabrend is urgency of the development in new economicalconditions
Authors: Yakusheva Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Yakusheva Victoria
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the main trends of the development of Russia's television during the financial crisis. The structure of broadcasting is shown in terms of branding and a unique method of developing a television brand is suggested. The author considers this technology as one of the strategic measures, maintaining a stable position on the media market. The article analyses the television brand "What? Were? When?», because this program is very famous in the cognitive-game content. The practical application of the technology of forming a television brand is illustrated on the stage of creative development.
Remakes. The Artistic and Aesthetic Principles
Authors: Primakova Nataliya Valer'evna , Primakova Nataliya Valerievna
Published: February 2020

In the article the author defines the concept "remake" using such films as «Once Again about Love», «The Sky. The Plane. The Girl», etc. as examples. The purpose of the work is to give a comparative analysis (both formal and sociological) of the films, to underline the autonomy of the new productions connected with the present cultural situation and to reveal the possibilities of the remake.
When the Time Stops
Authors: Chizhevskaya Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Chigevskaja Olga
Published: February 2020

This publication contains fragments of the interview with Oleg Negin, a screenwriter, the co-author of "The Banishment" directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev. The full text will be published in the collected articles Andrey Zvyagintsev's Cinema. The interview with Oleg explores the main stages of a creative process: the emerging of the idea (a mysterious and intimate period in the life of an artist), its realization in the script "The Banishment", the collaboration with the director A. Zvyagintsev, the production of the film. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the result and the acquired experience
Screen reality in the context media milieu modernization
Authors: Urazova Svetlana Leonidovna , Urazova Svetlana Leonidovna
Published: February 2020

The processes of modernization triggered by the digital revolution in media sphere are affecting social consciousness and sociocultural milieu in general, where a new screen «reality» is now evolving and starting to dominate the perception of the surrounding world. The article analyses how quickly the transforming technological broadcasting platform, digital technologies, telecommunication and mobile communication change not only the society's consuming preferences, but mass behavior and mass mentality as well
Gogol: Interpretational Paradoxes
Authors: Rostotskaya Marianna Al'bertovna , Rostotskaya Marianna Albertovna
Published: February 2020

«Gogol: Interpretational Paradoxes» was the theme of the session of the debating society "The Paradoxes of Modern Artistic Culture» that took place in November 2009. It was devoted to the great writer's 200th anniversary. The mystery of Gogol's writings, of his life and death, new analysis of his books and fate constituted the subject-matter of the discussion. The participants were presented with two new artistic interpretations: the film «Gogol: a Portrait of the Mysterious Genius» made by D. Dyomin, asst. professor of the Chair of Film Directing, and an account of the Rome exhibition of Professor S.A. Alimov, an academician of the Russian Academy of Arts. What is artistic thought? How the writer's work correlates with his biography, i.e. everyday life? These two problems were the center of the discussion.
Film Art in the System of Forming a Stage Identity Model
Authors: Kolotayev Vladimir Alexeyevich
Published: February 2020

The article examines the processes of forming stage identity models in the artistic space of cinema that possesses a modeling function, the ability to create new identity types, to influence the formation of a personality and change social relations. A screen art work both reflects the inner identity changes and offers the culture subjects some plausible behavior models for self-identifying in everyday life. By analyzing a number of ilms the author singles out four stages of identity development and deines their main characteristics. The structure and process of identity formation are treated as the result of interaction with culture. The configuration of identity depends on the prevalent cultural system. The notions "Culture 1" and "Culture 2" are revised and such concepts as "product culture" and "conlict culture" are introduced.
On the methodology of the study of ontology in the concept of cinema Andre Bazin
Authors: Schtein Sergey Yur'evich
Published: February 2020

The article dwells upon the specificity of the cinema's ontological aspects research in Andre Bazin's concept. Taking into account the revealed characteristics of the subject matter, the author suggests using the G.P.Schedrovitsky's system-activity approach as the methodological strategy.
Jean Cocteau. Trilogy about Death, or Between Dionysius and Apollo
Authors: Vinogradov Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Kokto Zh
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to three films made by Jean Cocteau - Le Sang d'un poиte, Orphйe, Le Testament d'Orphйe, that form a trilogy of a kind. The author analyses the main image system of the trilogy in Apollonic and Dyonisic terms and comes to certain typological conclusions about Cocteau's mythology. Beside exploring the "modern" myth of Poet and Death, the article describes the cultural context around each of the mentioned ilms
Classic Imagery. Pre-Socrates Philosophy, Socrates and Plato's "Advent"
Authors: Burov Andrey Mikhaylovich , Burov Andrey Mikhailovich
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the classic period of the ancient history of the image. Here the classic image system is stripped of its protective linearities. The time of the image's permanent protective function, which it used to have in the geometric period in particular, has passed The rigid and classical artistic styles complete the formation of the ancient visual image system as harmonious and well-balanced which is supported by Empedodes' pluralistic imagery, Anaxagoras, Leucippus and Democritus' rnicroimagery and, primarily, by Plato's image conception
Modern Visual Culture: Psychological Space and Time in the Movies
Authors: Kosenkova Natal'ya Gennad'evna , Kosenkova Natal'yaGennagievna
Published: February 2020

Visual culture is determined not only by the perception of visual images, but also by the notion of vision, the ability to analyze, interpret, evaluate and compare what has been seen and create one's own artistic images. The influence of technology on visual culture affects among other things the changing perception of space and time which finds its particular expression in the movies. The article covers psychological time and space in the context of forming modern visual culture.
Nature of Television as a Source ofDocumentary Genres Features
Authors: Shergova Ksenia Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2020

The aim of the article is to demonstrate how some TV features influence documentary genres. It shows how the mass character of television as a medium tends to typify TV-content especially when it comes to documentary films. In particular the article focuses on the perception of narration forms from a historical point of view.
Real Television as a Factor of Socio- Cultural Globalization
Authors: Urazova Svetlana Leonidovna
Published: February 2020

The intrusion of digital technologies into television and the actively forming digital environment are encouraging the creators of audiovisual productions to look for new forms of representation. The article explores the Reality, one of the most provocative television formats, often called vanguard which is undergoing its second birth. The problem of the approaching era of real television is raised.
Artistic Ambitions of Screen Document at the Turn of the Century
Authors: Prozhiko Galina Semyonovna
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the auteur film, a specific phenomenon in the documentary cinema of the turn of the 21st century as exemplified by the works of such outstanding masters as Chris Marker, Werner Herzog, Godfrey Reggio, Wim Wenders. The text is part of a large monograph devoted to the history of world documentary.
Maupassant's "Boule de Suif" in Soviet Translation
Authors: Rostotskaya Marianna Albertovna
Published: February 2020

The article is published to commemorate Mikhail Romm's centenary. By analyzing the film "Boule de Suif", the well-known Soviet filmmaker's debut, the author tries to reveal the transformation of the meanings of Maupassant's short story in a certain historic, social and ideological context, to show how the film reflected not only the ideological cliches of the time, but the wise insight of the director who had always developed in himself the astuteness of vision and sense of time.
The conflict of the "Inner" and "Outer" Person as Film Art's Archetypal Theme
Authors: Perelshtein Roman Maxovich
Published: February 2020

Film art could not ignore such an important theme as the conflict of the inner and outer personality ascending to the New Testament paradigm. Script writers have treated this conflict by way of various antinomies one of which is hard to overestimate. It is the contradiction between reality and game. The tragic and cruel conflict of the inner and outer personality is directly related to the opposition between reality as the script of our possible real life and the game as the script of escaping life.
New "Lyrical Sentience" of Guillaume Apollinaire and "Lyrical Truth" of Louis Delluc
Authors: Vinogradov Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the period of forming of the first wave of French Avant-guard (Film Impressionism). It considers the influence of Guillaume Apollinaire, one of the greatest French poets of the 20th century, on the theoretical conception of Louis Delluc, an outstanding film critic and director. Particularly, the closeness of Appolinaire's "lyrical sentience" and Delluc's "lyrical truth" is analyzed.
Giotto: Open Cubes, Shallow Depths and Specific Repetition
Authors: Burov Andrey Mikhailovich
Published: February 2020

The article analyses the image system of Giotto di Bondone, its role in the forming of the Renaissance representative tradition. By building up "architectural cubes", creating a spatial pause, intra-figure relationships, human events in the intra-image interplay (image-event), intimacy, an unbalanced and broken perspective, as well as reproducing the same facial type Giotto unconsciously formulates the idea of individuality in the plastic form and new pictorial strategy.
Cinema in the Phase of Private Interest
Authors: Zakharov Dmitriy Vladislavovich
Published: February 2020

There is a conception in American science that the life of the American society complies with the algorithm of moods and interests. This pattern is reflected in the cinema which records the swing from "private interest" to "social unrest". The article investigates the phase of the "private interest" of 1918 - 1929, the "jazz" or "prosperity" era and is centered on analyzing the films Why Change Your Wife? (1919, Cecil Blount DeMille) and It (1927, Clarence J. Badger) with Clara Bow, the queen flapper, who has been ignored by Russian film scholars.
Human Being in Media Arts: Character and TV Series
Authors: Kazyuchits Maxim Fyodorovich
Published: February 2020

The article explores the changes in depicting human beings on television (TV series) caused by modernization in the media culture. The processes connected with the esthetics and narrative changes should be viewed in terms of the general changes affecting all communication-information technologies. The accent is laid upon two important aspects: the changes in the representation of the character's body and the transformations in the narrative of TV shows which have led to the change of the ideological component (norms and values).
The Reflection of Ethno-Cultural Stereotypes in Film Art
Authors: Monakhova Margarita Olegovna
Published: February 2020

The article explores the principles and peculiarities of the cinematic language reflecting ethno-cultural stereotypes in recent Russian films. The diversity of expressive means used in modern Russian film art makes it possible to represent the ethno-cultural stereotype from different angles. Films that show visual stereotypes of the lifestyle in Poland creating a settled idea of Polish national identity are cited as an example.
Sitcom Genre Features
Authors: Belenkiy Yuri Mikhaylovich
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the main features of sitcom that make it an independent genre. The term “situation comedy” is compared to other comedy subgenres, such as comedy of manners and comedy of intrigue in its first sense etc. The emergence of TV sitcom properties is analyzed from the historic prospective. During all the years of its existence sitcom has managed to retain the combination of theatrical aesthetics and the nature of television which makes it not only an independent genre, but also a unique television product in a sense.
A Competitive Model of Commercial TV Broadcasting
Authors: Urazova Svetlana Leonidovna
Published: February 2020

Russian TV industry is now undergoing a stage of impetuous reforming. Alongside with the introduction of the digital platform of nation-wide terrestrial broadcasting with free analogue programs other demanded segments of TV market - cable and satellite TV, IPTV, webcasting, mobile TV - are rapidly developing. The article surveys the International Exhibition CSTB’2012, (organized by MIDEXPO and Russian Association of Cable Broadcasting) as an example of the dynamics of the processes in Russian television.
On Creating a Virtual Character (analysis of«Mouchette.org» site)
Authors: Yugai Inga Igorevna
Published: February 2020

The author analyzes the «Mouchette.org» site in terms of presentation forms and disclosure method of the character image. Thoroughly considered are the spatio-temporal characteristics of the site, the system of disclosure of the character, based on an interactive cooperation of the user with the product and the combination of feature and documentary elements.
Artistic and symbolic meaning of Alexander Sokurov’s tetralogy (philosophical and aesthetic study)
Authors: Bychkov Viktor Vasilyevich
Published: February 2020

The article includes one of the possible philosophical and aesthetical interpretations of the basic metaphysical meaning of A. Sokurov’s tetralogy. Expressed by entirely artistic means, the Moloch of power, being irrational chthonic force, governs not only its earthly bearers (leaders), but the very «Prince of the world» changing lately as useless for the new irrational bearers of the Faust-like satirical epoch of our anthropogenic civilization.
Madrid, province, Barcelona. Geography as a Phenomenological Object of Cinema
Authors: Reizen Olga Kirillovna
Published: February 2020

Geographical object as locations of the films, analyzed in the article, are tackled not as places of interest. The author studies the reasons of this or that choice, the presentation methods of different cities and streets as reflections of the political, economic and cultural situation in the country. Geographical objects are of great importance in displaying the general atmosphere of life in Spain, and thus, the research of the very narrative object enables the author to come to a number of conclusions connected both with the history of Spain and the history of Spanish cinema.
What Is an Ideal Script? Panel Discussion within the Framework of the Conference »Hero in Modern Writing»
Authors: - -
Published: February 2020

The conference «Hero in Modern Writing « was held in VGIK with the panel discussion «What is an ideal script» as its key event. With the aim of training young scriptwriters the participants discussed the matter of creating a quality film and TV script and analyzed the problem of an ideal script criteria.
Personal Critical Points in Soviet Cinema: from «Ilyich Gate» to «Flights in Dreams and in Reality»
Authors: Bezenkova Maria Victorovna
Published: February 2020

The article traces the main age-related personal critical points that formed the conflict in the landmark films of the 1960-1980s — «Ilych Gate» and «July Rain» (dir. M. Khytsiev), «Unfinished Piece for the Player Piano» (dir. N. Mikhalkov), 'Flights in Dreams and in Reality» (dir. R. Balayan) — in the context of the protagonist’s changes in Soviet cinema.
The Image of Home in Cinema
Authors: Reizen Olga Kirillovna
Published: February 2020

The article is a review of the most widely used images of home in the world cinema. Different film styles, genres, trends create a patchwork of various and more often than not antipodal representations. But at the same time there are certain universal characteristics of images of home on the screen, determinated by the specific film language and literature traditions.
The Formula of Producer’s Happiness?
Authors: Bakulev Gennady Petrovich
Published: February 2020

The article surveys the approaches to working out the model of the films’ commercial success described in literature. The suggested classifications of different predictors make it possible to form an overall idea of the tendencies in this field of research. Nowadays, the list of prognostic variables has been enlarged considerably: apart from such traditional predictors as budget, marketing and promotion scale, stars, awards, etc., there are new ones particularly connected with social networks.
Can “Native” Cinema Be Marketable
Authors: Zhabskiy Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: February 2020

The author substantiates the innovative trend in the revival and development of Russian film production on the basis of the sociological analysis of the problem as far as the marketability and ways of its recovery within the frames of the state film policy are concerned. Since the solution of the peripheral issues depends on the still unsolved general questions the article preliminarily worked up at the State Institute of Arts Studies explores the historical and theoretical aspects of the problem.
Can “Native” Cinema Be Marketable
Authors: Zhabskiy Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: February 2020

The author substantiates the innovative trend in the revival and development of the Russian film production on the basis of the sociological analysis of the problem as far as the marketability and ways of its recovery within the frames of the state film policy are concerned. Since the solution of the peripheral issues depends on the still unsolved general questions the article preliminarily worked up at the State Institute of Arts Studies explores the historical and theoretical aspects of the problem.
Art and politics
Authors: Nikitina Irina Petrovna
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the interaction of art and politics. The author shows how this interaction can be modified by the historical and cultural context. The main goals and objectives are targeted either on the preservation of the socium's stability or the radical changes of social and political relations.
Can “Native” Cinema Be Marketable
Authors: Zhabskiy Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: February 2020

The author substantiates the innovative trend in the revival and development of Russian film production based on of the sociological analysis of the problem as far as the marketability and ways of its recovery within the frames of the state film policy are concerned. The concluding part of the article prepared at the State Institute of Culture Studies in collaboration with the Film Art Institute (for the beginning see Issues 14, 15) covers the conceptual guidelines of the governmental policy concerning national cinema and the practical measures of its rational correction.
On modeling TV programs
Authors: Vanchenko Tatyana Petrovna
Published: February 2020

The article examines the presence of shows on TV, reveals the culturological foundations of screen representation as a mass culture phenomenon and points out the techniques of modeling this kind of TV programs.
Representation and Reconstruction of the Time in Non-Fiction Films
Authors: Razgon Lyudmila Nikolayevna
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of re-creating the period in non-fiction cinema. A line is drawn between the two structural types based on the methods of representing and recreating the time: the pattern containing some elements of a “total” screen spectacle and the edited method formed by re-structuring temporal links. Accordingly, the conceptual techniques and instruments pertaining to each pattern are described. The author concludes that both time structuring methods in non-fiction cinema correspond to different types of phenomena.
The Problem Field of Modern Information Space
Authors: Malyshev Anton Vladimirovich
Published: February 2020

The article explores modern information space in terms of the younger generation perceptual psychology and the formation of an adolescent’s outlook. The author examines the character and factors of the shift in the social and moral value system of the young, investigates social and cultural problems in the digital postindustrial world.
The Visible and Invisible Worlds in Louis Bunuel’s “Viridiana”
Authors: Perelshtein Roman Maksovich
Published: February 2020

Bunuel’s “Viridiana” is generally referred to as an anti-religious film. However, the director’s poetic language which has been one of the bases of the transcendental cinematic style suggests otherwise. Bunuel is against religionism still he does not deny the existence of a numinous, metaphysical reality and the ultimate values. By means of grotesque realism he tries to rehabilitate the invisible world.
Global criterion formation in producer’s decisions
Authors: Krivolutskiy Yury Vasilyevich , Zakharova Elena Yuryevna
Published: February 2020

This article delves into decision making in producers activity under shortage of financials, materials and human resources. Every decision to be made is generally a multicriterial task. At the same time these criteria are controversial: amelioration of one criterion leads to degradation of another. That is why solution finding with the use of mathematical methods is worth to consider. Hereafter theoretical stuff and practical exemplification of decision making under multicriterial conditions are presented. In many mathematical methods of decision making multicriterial task is simplified to one criterion. Therefore the main attention is paid to global criterion method, providing a means to define optimum out of several criteria. The point of the method assumes to weigh up the initial criteria and create a single global criterion, serving as a key to decision making. The weight coefficient of each criterion is defined by experts. There are several methods of combining criteria. Nevertheless in practice three methods are used: criteria relation, criteria multiplication and criteria summing up. The methods are analyzed and practical examples are shown in the article. Other approaches to combining criteria are also examined. It is generally agreed that every method of decision making has its own pros and cons, which in turn define the optimum range of its application.
Game on TV as a form of effective communication
Authors: Volkova Irina Ivanovna
Published: February 2020

Postmodern television gravitates to the game programs. This process takes place not only in Russia but all over the world as a manifestation of a general trend. TV is a part of the system of mass communication which has moved onto the network stage inevitably linked with the game. A game helps to overcome the discreteness of contemporary reality. Due to objective reasons the present-day content of television broadcasting is packed in a game model of communication. This tendency is not introduced from the outside or imposed upon the subjective will; it reflects the specificity of television broadcasting of the postmodern. Both the telecast and game are the communication processes creating new structures. On the one hand, they coincide in algorithm: the result is not as important as the process itself. On the other hand, the very word game is multi-faceted and multi-layered in Russian language, and its alliance with TV is controversial. Maybe mainly due to linguistics. Game and Play are different in meaning but there is only one word игра (igra) in Russian, that unifies significance of two English words. In 2013 the sociological study "Game and Me" was held in Moscow under the supervision of the author. It demonstrated the fact of generational variations in understanding of the word. For grandparents cohort igra is fun; entertainment and a kind of work aimed at self-knowledge for generation of grandchildren. In both cases, the game reflects the philosophical category of "special attitude to the world". With the advent ofnew communication technologies, TV viewer gets an impulse of activity and the postmodern situation provokes reformist moods. Game and Play provide an escape from reality. Fans of play are suspicious of game and vice versa. This is the problem. Therefore, the pretence of two-sided criticism of television programs is considered hereafter. Screen pretence is often criticized. TV game may be constructive or destructive, in all circumstances being genuine without any conversion to quasi game. The dramatic collision of modern TV games is overcoming the theatricality and the quasi game situation. TV games obviously will be evolving along this trend.
On prerequisites for developing artistic time theory
Authors: Marievskaja Natalia Eevgenyevna
Published: February 2020

Basic prerequisites for developing artistic time theory have been considered in the present article in reference to Aurelius Augustine time interpretation, P. Florenskys doctrine of time within time procedural construction aspect, and Ilya Prigozhins processes formation. Film is a sequence of segments having quite different temporal features depending on a certain structural principle. Anyhow all the segments in question predominate the current present. The differences in duration exist in human beings soul. Their multi-layered features were proved by Aurelius Augustine. He differentiated present of the current, i.e., contemplation; current of the coming - expectation; current of the past - reminiscence. Structural principle realization of current segments, linking as a whole, is found in P. Florenskys works. It was he who stated scientific realizing of artistic time (as procedural construction). Formation processes on non-linear dynamics were particularly considered in Ilya Prigozhins works. Realizing story as a dynamic process pattern, the process of one realitys being by another reality, ushers in the possibilities for film artistic time theory. For the aim of film artistic study it is reasonable to engage priorities considered as: 1. Investigation of this very principle. 2. Investigation of perfect feature for intra-frame time. Artistic time realizing is the corner-stone for film product shaping.
Soviet cinema as a state budget’s contributor. Distribution in the 1930s
Authors: Kosinova Marina Ivanovna
Published: February 2020

The idea of replacing revenues from alcohol sale with income from cinema attendance was put forward by L. Trotsky in Soviet Russia in the early 1920s. At the stage of transition from silent cinema to the sound one this idea received a significant number of supporters. Anyhow attendance statistics proved a considerable gap between alcohol profitability and yield, calculated on theatre booking. In order to heal the situation quite a number of new cinemas had to be built. Since the state did not have adequate resources at its disposal, it was decided to refurbish the churches into cinema theatres. As a result the two important aims were to be gained: efficient increase of attendance and effective antireligious propaganda. Achievements of Soviet cinema in the early 1930s supported the idea of cinema to triumph over alcohol. Iosif Stalin proclaimed the replacement of the income from vodka with income from cinema as an official party and state program: expanding industrial base of the Soviet cinema, making more films, increasing the film circulation, building more cinemas. I. Stalins idea was to be realized by the chairman of the GUKF B. Shumyatsky. Acquainted with American and European experience, he proposed a number of reforms in the film industry, the key to which was the creation of the Cinema city in the South of the country, the Soviet Hollywood. As a result, the Soviet film industry had to be increased 10 times. But the project of the Cinema city was not approved by the government. While B. Shumyatsky was working over this project, the assets of the Soviet cinema were actually put on the slide. As a result, the output of film production in Russia decreased significantly, not allowing to execute the annual plan. Thus the idea to replace vodka income into cinema one turned out unfulfilled.
Impact of Technology on Screen Aesthetics
Authors: Poznin Vitaly Fyodorovich
Published: February 2020

Technique and technologies, used to create a screen work, considerably impact on aesthetics of film, TV and multimedia programs. Interplay of creative ideas and technique of their screen realization is a complex and ambiguous process. New technologies make substantial changes in the creating process of an audiovisual work, radically change interpretation of the artistic space and attract an audience by new technical aesthetics. Currently technological ideas are ahead of creative ones.
Co-production in Current International Film Industry. Major Trends
Authors: Chudakova Anastasiya Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

In the age of globalization international co-production takes on a new meaning. It usually means a film project realized by two or more production companies from different countries. However, modern film industry has gained a global character. The article investigates co-production as one of the ways of globalization in film industry.
Strategies of Audiovisual Translation
Authors: Bakulev Gennady Petrovich
Published: February 2020

The issue of audiovisual translation (AVT) seems particularly important in contemporary cinema. As argued, translation is delivered between cultures rather than words. The text is seen as an integral part of the world, but not as its separate fragment. Therefore the translation process is regarded as a crosscultural transfer, defined by the level of the prestige of a source and target cultures, as well as their relationships. The article discusses two main strategies of translation in cinema - dubbing and subtitling, which differ in the degree of interference in the original text. On the one hand, dubbing modifies the original text to a greater degree, making it more comprehensible for the audience. Whereas subtitling, i.e. presenting the dialogue in the target language in the form of synchronous subtitles, makes the least changes in the source text. The choice of a translation strategy generally depends on the view of the target culture and is often influenced by the political factors. Dubbing and subtitling represent two extreme points on the translation range, defined by two opposite types of cultural systems - domestication and foreignization. To suppress or to accept the foreign nature of imported films is the key to how a country regards itself in relation to the others and how it realizes the importance of its own culture and language. Fast changes characteristic of our time exert a considerable impact on audiovisual translation. One of the consequences of globalization-localization process is growing diversification of audiovisual production. Scientific and technological progress forms the basis to develop new methods of AVT and means of its realization. Such tendencies testify to huge potential capabilities of amelioration of the translation quality and specialization, providing more universal access to mass media for all social categories thereby accelerating their social integration into modern society.