bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving the Solidification Cracking in Maraging Steel during Mass Production by Adjusting High-Temperature Delta Ferrite
Authors: Liu Lianqian , Chen Peng , Liu Ming , Wang Guodong , Yi Hongliang
Published: September 2024

Maraging steels hardened by Cu + NiAl precipitation have recently garnered attention owing to their relatively low cost and exceptionally high strength. However, the high alloy content can cause issues such as solidification cracking, particularly in mass production. In this study, solidification cracking was observed in a Cu + NiAl-hardened maraging steel manufactured via an electroslag remelting process, and an improvement strategy was adopted to solve this problem. Increasing the aluminum content from 1.0 wt.% to 1.2 wt.% can adjust the δ ferrite, which affects the thermal expansion coefficient and density of the system, thereby reducing the rate of cooling shrinkage. The extra addition of 0.2 wt.% aluminum had a negligible effect on the final microstructure and mechanical properties, with both steels demonstrating excellent tensile properties. The reduction in internal stress from the increased aluminum content was also confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and the finite element method (FEM). This strategy provides valuable insights for the manufacturing of such high-alloy steels on a mass production scale.
Selenium, Zinc, and Plasma Total Antioxidant Status and the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer
Authors: Zowczak-Drabarczyk Miłosława , Białecki Jacek , Grzelak Teresa , Michalik Mikołaj , Formanowicz Dorota
Published: September 2024

Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are known to be involved in carcinogenesis and participate in the defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of serum Se, Zn, and Cu concentrations and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA) in a population of low Se and borderline Zn status. Based on clinical examination and colonoscopy/histopathology, the patients (n = 79) were divided into three groups: colorectal cancer (n = 30), colorectal adenoma (n = 19), and controls (CONTROL, n = 30). The serum Se concentration was lower in the CRC group than in the CRA group (by 9.1%, p < 0.0001) and the CONTROL group (by 7.9%, p < 0.0001). In turn, the serum Zn concentration was decreased in the CRA group (by 17.9%, p = 0.019) when compared to the CONTROL group. Plasma TAS was lower in the CRC group (by 27.8%, p = 0.017) than in the CONTROL group. In turn, the serum Zn concentration was decreased in the CRA group when compared to the CONTROL group. Plasma TAS was lower in the CRC group than in the CONTROL group. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis revealed that the Se level was of the highest diagnostic utility for the discrimination of the CRC group from both the CRA group (area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.958, sensitivity 84.21%, specificity 100%) and the CONTROL group (AUC 0.873, sensitivity 100%, specificity 66.67%). The Zn and TAS levels were significantly accurate in the differentiation between the groups. An individualised risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer approach could comprise Se, Zn, and TAS assays in the population.
Correlation between Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibodies in Serum and Colostrum of Naturally Infected Sheep and Passive Immunization in Lambs
Authors: Alvares Felipe Boniedj Ventura , Lima Brendo Andrade , Lima Ana Maria Santos , Batista Samira Pereira , Aguiar Antônia Aniellen Raianne Moisés , Ferreira Larissa Claudino , Silva Welitânia Inácia , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro
Published: September 2024

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, poses a significant threat to sheep flocks, affecting reproductive performance and meat quality, and leading to economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in the serum and colostrum of naturally infected ewes and to assess passive immunity in newborn lambs. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from 162 ewes and 182 lambs across 20 sheep farms in Paraíba, Brazil. Samples were tested for anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora caninum IgG using indirect fluorescence antibody tests (IFATs), with titers ≥ 1:64 considered positive. Among the ewes, 45.1% tested positive for anti-T. gondii IgG in serum, with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:16,384. The colostrum from 94.6% of the ewes also tested positive, although 74% had higher titers in their serum than in their colostrum. Concordance between serum and colostrum was high, with a kappa coefficient of 0.950. Lamb serum showed a perfect agreement with maternal colostrum (kappa = 0.962), demonstrating effective passive transfer of antibodies. This study confirms that colostrum is a reliable matrix for detecting anti-T. gondii antibodies and assessing passive immunity in lambs. The high concordance between serum, colostrum, and lamb titers suggests that IFATs on colostrum can be a practical tool for monitoring maternal antibody transfer, contributing to the better management of T. gondii infections in sheep flocks.
The Impact of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria on the Germination of Carajasia cangae: A Threatened Rubiaceae of the Amazon Cangas
Authors: Boanares Daniela , Cardoso Aline Figueiredo , Escobar Diego Fernando Escobar , Costa Keila Jamille Alves , Bitencourt José Augusto , Costa Paulo Henrique O. , Ramos Silvio , Gastauer Markus , Caldeira Cecilio Frois
Published: September 2024

Carajasia cangae (Rubiaceae) is a narrow endemic species from the canga ecosystems of the Carajás National Forest that is facing extinction due to a limited range and habitat disturbance from hydroclimatological changes and mining activities. This study examines the influence of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria on C. cangae seed germination to support conservation efforts. Soil samples, both rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric, as well as plant root tissues, were collected. Bacteria from these samples were subsequently isolated, cultured, and identified. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of 16 isolates (9 rhizospheric and 7 endophytic), representing 19 genera and 6 phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. The endophytic isolates of Bacillus and the rhizospheric isolates of Planococcus and Lysinibacillus reduced the median germination time and initiation time, while the rhizospheric isolates Serratia and Comamonas increased the germination time and decreased the germination percentage in comparison to the control sample. These findings emphasize the crucial role of endophytic bacteria in the germination of C. cangae and highlight isolates that could have beneficial effects in the following stages of plant growth. Understanding the impact of endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates on seed germination can enhance conservation efforts by shortening the germination period of this species and thereby improving seedling production. Additionally, this knowledge will pave the way for future research on the role of bacteria in the establishment of C. cangae.
Enhancing Growth in Vigna radiata through the Inhibition of Charcoal Rot Disease: A Strategic Approach Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Khan Imran , Mohyuddin Sahar Ghulam , Sohail  , Zaman Shah , Qadir Muhammad , Guo Juxian , Li Guihua
Published: September 2024

Macrophomina phaseolina is a vital seed and soil-borne phytopathogen responsible for substantial crop yield losses. Although various methods exist for managing soil-borne pathogens, such as agronomic practices, chemical treatments, and varietal tolerance, biological control utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or their secondary metabolites presents promising avenues. In this study, a screening of 150 isolates from the rhizosphere of Vigna radiata L. was conducted to identify strains capable of promoting host growth and controlling charcoal rot disease. Among the tested isolates, only 15 strains demonstrated the ability to produce plant growth-related metabolites, including indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and lytic enzymes, and solubilize inorganic phosphate. Subsequently, these potent strains were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. Three strains, namely MRP-7 (58% growth inhibition), MRP-12 (55% growth inhibition), and MRP-8 (44% growth inhibition), exhibited the highest percent growth inhibition (PGI.). Furthermore, a pot experiment demonstrated that the selected strains acted as effective growth promoters and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavengers, and served as potential biocontrol agents, significantly reducing the incidence of charcoal rot disease and improving various agronomic attributes of the host plant. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to be utilized as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for sustainable agricultural practices.
Antimicrobial Resistance in the Terrestrial Environment of Agricultural Landscapes in Norway
Authors: Nesse Live L. , Forfang Kristin , Slettemeås Jannice Schau , Hagen Snorre , Sunde Marianne , Elameen Abdelhameed , Johannessen Gro , Stenrød Marianne , Tessema Girum Tadesse , Almvik Marit , Eiken Hans Geir
Published: September 2024

The abundance and diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural landscapes may be important for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. The aim of this study was to apply screening methods for ARB and ARGs to investigate the impact of farming on the prevalence of AMR in a country with low antibiotic usage. We have analyzed samples (n = 644) from soil and wild terrestrial animals and plants (slugs, snails, mice, shrews, earthworms, and red clover) collected over two years in agricultural fields accompanied by nearby control areas with low human activity. All samples were investigated for the occurrence of 35 different ARGs using high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) on a newly developed DNA array. In addition, samples from the first year (n = 415) were investigated with a culture-based approach combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (AREC). ARGs were detected in 59.5% of all samples (2019 + 2020). AREC, which was only investigated in the 2019 samples, was identified in 1.9% of these. Samples collected in the autumn showed more ARGs and AREC than spring samples, and this was more pronounced for organic fields than for conventional fields. Control areas with low human activity showed lower levels of ARGs and a lack of AREC. The use of livestock manure was correlated with a higher level of ARG load than other farming practices. None of the soil samples contained antibiotics, and no association was found between AMR and the levels of metals or pesticides. High qualitative similarity between HT-qPCR and WGS, together with the positive controls to the validation of our 35 ARG assays, show that the microfluid DNA array may be an efficient screening tool on environmental samples. In conclusion, even in a country with a very low consumption of antimicrobials by production animals, our results support the hypothesis of these animals being a source of AREC and ARGs in agricultural environments, primarily through the use of manure.
Innovative Seismic Imaging of the Platinum Deposits, Maseve Mine: Surface and In-Mine
Authors: Rapetsoa Moyagabo , Manzi Musa , James Ian , Sihoyiya Mpofana , Durrheim Raymond , Pienaar Michelle
Published: September 2024

Maseve Mine is located in the western limb of the Bushveld Complex, recognized as the largest layered igneous intrusion in the world. The study shows results from surface (SP1, SP2, and SP3) and tunnel (T3a, T3b, and TP4b) reflection seismic profiles, totaling 4150 m. Tunnel seismic data were acquired using a seismic landstreamer and spiked geophones with 5 m receiver and shot spacing, as well as a sledgehammer for shots due to space constraints and safety. The profiles, 10–50 m above mineral deposits, crossed major geological structures. Surface seismic profiles used cabled systems and wireless sensors with 5 m and 10 m receiver spacing, respectively, and a 500 kg drop hammer as a source with 10 m shot spacing. Despite high noise levels from mine infrastructure and power cables, a careful processing workflow enhanced target reflections. Interpretation was constrained using borehole data, geological models, and 2D/3D seismic modeling. The processed data exhibit gently dipping reflections associated with faults and dykes, imaging the target mineralization (Merensky Reef and Upper Group 2) and a possible extension. Tunnel seismic experiments demonstrated the application of seismic methods using in-mine infrastructure, while surface experiments proved efficient, illustrating small-scale seismic surveys’ capability to image the subsurface, adding value in active mining environments for exploration with cost-effective seismic equipment.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Collector Based on the Coanda Effect
Authors: Li Yan , Han Zhibin , Li Ziyuan
Published: September 2024

Ore collection devices are important for the collection of deep-sea polymetallic nodules. Based on the CFD-DEM solid–liquid two-phase flow coupling calculation method, this paper simulated the rise and transport phases of polymetallic nodules using the Coanda effect ore collection device. The validity of the numerical simulation method was confirmed through experimental testing. On this basis, the effects of different working and structural parameters on the collection rate were studied. The results indicate that the flow rate of the collection jet and the bottom clearance were the primary factors affecting the collection rate of the polymetallic nodules. An increase in the collection jet flow rate leads to a substantial rise in the collection rate of polymetallic nodules. Conversely, an increase in bottom clearance results in a decrease in the collection rate. A collection rate exceeding 90% can be achieved in both scenarios: a 10 mm bottom clearance with an 8 m/s collection jet flow rate, and a 30 mm bottom clearance with a 10 m/s collection jet flow rate. The collection nozzle slant angle has no substantial impact on the collection rate, and the recommended collection nozzle slant angle is 35° to reduce energy loss.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CATs) in Nursing Education in Spanish Universities
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Belén , Gutiérrez-Gascón José , da-Silva-Domingues Henrique , del-Pino-Casado Rafael
Published: September 2024

Background: The use of complementary therapies in the general population is increasing, so it is necessary to understand the training that health professionals receive in this type of therapy in their training plans, as they are often the primary source of information for patients. Our aim was to investigate Spanish universities that offer subjects on complementary therapies in their nursing degree programs. Methods: This study is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. For this purpose, we used a document published on the website of the Ministry of Universities as the working document. Additionally, a literature search was conducted up to September 2023 in the PubMed database, along with reverse searches. Results: Out of a total of 62 universities, only 16 (29%) offer a subject related to this type of therapy, 27.5% (11) are public universities and 22.7% (5) are private universities, most of them being optional subjects. Conclusions: The training content on complementary care in nursing degree programs in Spanish universities is scarce, highlighting the potential benefit of expanding and promoting it, in line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
Language Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Italian Version of the Family Caregiver Quality of Life Scale
Authors: Debenedetti Simone , Cosmai Simone , Cattani Daniela , Mancin Stefano , Cangelosi Giovanni , Petrelli Fabio , Mazzoleni Beatrice
Published: September 2024

Background: Heart failure significantly impacts healthcare systems and society, affecting quality of life (QoL) due to its symptoms and continuous care needs. Nurses are crucial in managing heart failure, supporting both patients and caregivers who face physical, emotional, social, and spiritual challenges. The Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FAMQOL) scale evaluates caregivers’ QoL across all dimensions. This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the FAMQOL from English to Italian, enhancing its utility in nursing research and practice to better identify and support caregiver well-being. Methods: Following EORTC guidelines (2017), the FAMQOL underwent linguistic validation and cultural adaptation. This included independent forward translations from English to Italian, back translations, and reconciliation discussions to produce a testable translation. A pilot test with 15 caregivers assessed the questionnaire’s acceptability and comprehensibility. Results: Linguistic adjustments ensured the questionnaire’s understandability in Italian. Interviews confirmed its acceptability and comprehensibility, with minor modifications enhancing clarity. Conclusions: The translation process successfully adapted the FAMQOL for Italian caregivers. This tool is essential for nursing research and practice, providing a culturally relevant assessment of the burden of care. It allows targeted interventions to support health workers, intercepting the QoL of caregivers early and, consequently, the well-being of patients with heart failure.
Exploration of Mental Health Elements in Chemsex Behavior: Interventions, Influencing Factors, and Attitudes towards Risk and Harm Reduction in Spain
Authors: Del Pozo-Herce Pablo , Tovar-Reinoso Alberto , Martínez-Sabater Antonio , Chover-Sierra Elena , Sufrate-Sorzano Teresa , Saus-Ortega Carlos , Curto-Ramos Javier , Padilla-Brito José Manuel , González-Navajas Carlos , Baca-García Enrique , Juárez-Vela Raúl , García-Carpintero Blas Eva
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been an increase in the practice of chemsex, which is becoming an increasingly serious public health problem. The complex interaction between chemsex and mental health underscores the need to understand the psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence this practice. Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted in the community of Madrid, Spain to explore the depth of the chemsex phenomenon through a thematic analysis. Between April and June 2024, interviews were conducted with 15 MSM (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) who participate in these practices, using purposive and snowball sampling. Results: three main themes were identified, namely, (T1) contextualization of the practice, (T2) factors associated with chemsex, and (T3) strategies and interventions for risk and harm reduction. Conclusion: Chemsex is a phenomenon that combines sexual practices with substance use in complex social environments, presenting significant risks to physical, mental, and sexual health. It is necessary to implement public health interventions to mitigate these risks.
The Diversity of Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Soybean Grown in Southern Poland
Authors: Olszak-Przybyś Hanna , Korbecka-Glinka Grażyna
Published: September 2024

Fungi have the potential to colonize soybean seeds in the field, during their maturation in the pods and after harvest, during storage. The aim of this study was to identify fungi inhabiting soybean seeds after storage with varying germination capacity and to evaluate their chemical composition. The research material consisted of twelve soybean seed lots collected from the fields in southern Poland and stored over winter. The germination percentage of these lots ranged between 20.67% and 81.33%. The seeds were subjected to analyses of the main chemical components and mycological analysis. Fungal isolates were subjected to taxonomic identification using microscopic methods and DNA sequencing (using internal transcribed spacer region and secondary barcoding regions). A total number of 355 fungal isolates from 16 genera were identified, with Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Fusarium being the most common. Species were successfully identified in 94% of isolates. Twelve examined seed lots varied significantly in the number of isolated fungal species (from 1 to 17). Moreover, they also differed in the isolated species composition. Highly significant positive correlation was found between the number of Aspergillus psedudoglaucus isolates and the content of free fatty acids. In turn, the number of Fusarium spp. isolates correlated negatively with protein and nitrogen content. Similarly, highly significant negative correlation was found between the number of all fungal isolates and the 1000-seed weight, indicating that smaller seeds are more vulnerable to fungal infection. The results obtained in this study identify species of fungi which may be responsible for lowering quality of the seeds obtained in southern Poland.
Anticipating Leucovorin Rescue Therapy in Patients with Osteosarcoma through Methotrexate Population Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Olivo Laura Ben , de Oliveira Henz Pricilla , Wermann Sophia , Dias Bruna Bernar , Porto Gabriel Osorio , Pinhatti Amanda Valle , Martins Manoela Domingues , Gregianin Lauro José , Costa Teresa Dalla , de Araújo Bibiana Verlindo
Published: September 2024

Methotrexate (MTX), which presents high inter-individual variability, is part of the Brazilian Osteosarcoma Treatment Group (BOTG) protocol. This work aimed to develop a MTX population pharmacokinetic model (POPPK) for Brazilian children with osteosarcoma (OS) following the BOTG protocol to guide rescue therapy and avoid toxicity. The model was developed in NONMEM 7.4 (Icon®) using retrospective sparse data from MTX therapeutic drug monitoring of children attending a southern Brazilian public reference hospital. Data were described by a two-compartment model using 216 MTX cycles from 32 patients (5–18 y.o.) with OS who received 12 g/m2 dose/cycle. To explain inter-individual and inter-occasion variability in clearance and peripheral volume, covariates from demographic and biochemical data were evaluated. Serum creatinine was a significant covariate of MTX clearance (14.8 L/h), and the body surface area (BSA) was significant for central compartment volume (82.5 L). Inter-compartmental clearance and volume of peripheral compartment were 0.178 L/h and 5.72 L, respectively. The model adequately describes MTX exposure in Brazilian children with OS. Successful simulations were performed to predict MTX concentrations in pediatric patients above five years old with acute kidney injury and anticipate rescue therapy adjustments.
Polarization-Mode Transformation of the Light Field during Diffraction on Amplitude Binary Gratings
Authors: Khorin Pavel A. , Mamaeva Mariia P. , Kapitonov Yury V. , Khonina Svetlana N.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a comparative analysis and numerical simulation of operation of two types of amplitude binary gratings (conventional and fork), both in the focal plane and near-field diffraction under illumination by mode beams with different polarization states, were performed. The simulation of the field formation in the focal plane was performed using the Richards–Wolf formalism. The diffraction calculation in the near-field diffraction was performed based on the FDTD method, considering the 3D structure of optical elements. The possibility of multiplying the incident beam in different diffraction orders of binary gratings and the polarization transformation associated with spin–orbit interaction at tight focusing were shown. In this case, various polarization transformations were formed in ±1 diffraction orders of the fork grating due to different signs of the introduced vortex-like phase singularity. The obtained results can be useful for the laser processing of materials and surface structuring.
Enhancing Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) through Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 Priming: Molecular Insights and Bio-Priming Potential
Authors: Songsaeng Apisit , Boonchuen Pakpoom , Nareephot Phongkeat , Piromyou Pongdet , Wongdee Jenjira , Greetatorn Teerana , Inthaisong Sukanya , Tantasawat Piyada Alisha , Teamtisong Kamonluck , Tittabutr Panlada , Sato Shusei , Boonkerd Nantakorn , Songwattana Pongpan , Teaumroong Neung
Published: September 2024

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a vital legume in Asia with significant nutritional benefits, is highly susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens, leading to significant yield losses. As an alternative to chemical fungicides, bio-priming with rhizobacteria can enhance plant resistance. This study explores the potential of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain DOA9 to augment resistance in mung bean against CLS via root priming. The results reveal that short (3 days) and double (17 and 3 days) priming with DOA9 before fungal infection considerably reduces lesion size on infected leaves by activating defense-related genes, including Pti1, Pti6, EDS1, NDR1, PR-1, PR-2, Prx, and CHS, or by suppressing the inhibition of PR-5 and enhancing peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves. Interestingly, the Type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of DOA9 may play a role in establishing resistance in V. radiata CN72. These findings suggest that DOA9 primes V. radiata CN72′s defense mechanisms, offering an effective bio-priming strategy to alleviate CLS. Hence, our insights propose the potential use of DOA9 as a bio-priming agent to manage CLS in V. radiata CN72, providing a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicide applications.
From Leaves to Reproductive Organs: Chemodiversity and Chemophenetics of Essential Oils as Important Tools to Evaluate Piper mollicomum Kunth Chemical Ecology Relevance in the Neotropics
Authors: de Brito Machado Daniel , Felisberto Jéssica Sales , Queiroz George Azevedo de , Guimarães Elsie Franklin , Ramos Ygor Jessé , Moreira Davyson de Lima
Published: September 2024

Piper mollicomum Kunth (Piperaceae) plays a vital role in the preservation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest by contributing to the regeneration of deforested areas. Recent scientific investigations have analyzed the chemical constituents and seasonal dynamics of essential oils (EO) from various Piper L. species, highlighting the need to elucidate their chemical–ecological interactions. This study aims to expand the chemical–ecological knowledge of this important taxon in neotropical forests, using P. mollicomum as a model. The methodologies employed include the collection of plant material, EO extraction by hydrodistillation, analysis of EO by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID), recording the frequency of visits by potential pollinators and microclimatic variables, and by conducting calculations of chemodiversity and chemophenetic indices. Chemical analyses indicated that the diversity of EO and environmental factors are linked to the activities of potential pollinators. In the Tijuca Forest, P. mollicomum revealed significant interactions between its volatile constituents and microclimatic variables, showing that the chemodiversity of the leaves and reproductive organs correlates with pollinator visitation. Additionally, a notable difference in chemical evenness was observed between these vegetative structures. The chemophenetic indices by Ramos and Moreira also revealed correlations with chemical diversity.
Unveiling Iso- and Aniso-Hydric Disparities in Grapevine—A Reanalysis by Transcriptome Portrayal Machine Learning
Authors: Konecny Tomas , Asatryan Armine , Nikoghosyan Maria , Binder Hans
Published: September 2024

Mechanisms underlying grapevine responses to water(-deficient) stress (WS) are crucial for viticulture amid escalating climate change challenges. Reanalysis of previous transcriptome data uncovered disparities among isohydric and anisohydric grapevine cultivars in managing water scarcity. By using a self-organizing map (SOM) transcriptome portrayal, we elucidate specific gene expression trajectories, shedding light on the dynamic interplay of transcriptional programs as stress duration progresses. Functional annotation reveals key pathways involved in drought response, pinpointing potential targets for enhancing drought resilience in grapevine cultivation. Our results indicate distinct gene expression responses, with the isohydric cultivar favoring plant growth and possibly stilbenoid synthesis, while the anisohydric cultivar engages more in stress response and water management mechanisms. Notably, prolonged WS leads to converging stress responses in both cultivars, particularly through the activation of chaperones for stress mitigation. These findings underscore the importance of understanding cultivar-specific WS responses to develop sustainable viticultural strategies in the face of changing climate.
Exploring the Frontier of Wheat Rust Resistance: Latest Approaches, Mechanisms, and Novel Insights
Authors: Rehman Shams ur , Qiao Liang , Shen Tao , Hua Lei , Li Hongna , Ahmad Zishan , Chen Shisheng
Published: September 2024

Wheat rusts, including leaf, stripe, and stem rust, have been a threat to global food security due to their devastating impact on wheat yields. In recent years, significant strides have been made in understanding wheat rusts, focusing on disease spread mechanisms, the discovery of new host resistance genes, and the molecular basis of rust pathogenesis. This review summarizes the latest approaches and studies in wheat rust research that provide a comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and new insights into control strategies. Recent advances in genetic resistance using modern genomics techniques, as well as molecular mechanisms of rust pathogenesis and host resistance, are discussed. In addition, innovative management strategies, including the use of fungicides and biological control agents, are reviewed, highlighting their role in combating wheat rust. This review also emphasizes the impact of climate change on rust epidemiology and underscores the importance of developing resistant wheat varieties along with adaptive management practices. Finally, gaps in knowledge are identified and suggestions for future research are made. This review aims to inform researchers, agronomists, and policy makers, and to contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable wheat rust control strategies.
Assessing the Efficacy of Cyanobacterial Strains as Oryza sativa Growth Biostimulants in Saline Environments
Authors: Bauenova Meruyert O. , Sarsekeyeva Fariza K. , Sadvakasova Asemgul K. , Kossalbayev Bekzhan D. , Mammadov Ramazan , Token Aziza I. , Balouch Huma , Pashkovskiy Pavel , Leong Yoong Kit , Chang Jo-Shu , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.
Published: September 2024

Soil salinity, which affects plant photosynthesis mechanisms, significantly limits plant productivity. Soil microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, can synthesize various exometabolites that contribute to plant growth and development in several ways. These microorganisms can increase plant tolerance to salt stress by secreting various phytoprotectants; therefore, it is highly relevant to study soil microorganisms adapted to high salinity and investigate their potential to increase plant resistance to salt stress. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of four cyanobacterial strains: Spirulina platensis Calu-532, Nostoc sp. J-14, Trichormus variabilis K-31, and Oscillatoria brevis SH-12. Among these, Nostoc sp. J-14 presented the highest antioxidant activity. Their growth-stimulating effects under saline conditions were also assessed under laboratory conditions. These results indicate that Nostoc sp. J-14 and T. variabilis K-31 show significant promise in mitigating the harmful effects of salinity on plant size and weight. Both strains notably enhanced the growth of Oryza sativa plants under saline conditions, suggesting their potential as biostimulants to improve crop productivity in saline environments. This research underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which cyanobacteria increase plant tolerance to salt stress, paving the way for sustainable agricultural practices in saline areas.
Microbial Biocontrol Agents and Natural Products Act as Salt Stress Mitigators in Lactuca sativa L.
Authors: Caprari Claudio , Bucci Antonio , Ciotola Anastasia C. , Del Grosso Carmine , Dell’Edera Ida , Di Bartolomeo Sabrina , Di Pilla Danilo , Divino Fabio , Fortini Paola , Monaco Pamela , Palmieri Davide , Petraroia Michele , Quaranta Luca , Lima Giuseppe , Ranalli Giancarlo
Published: September 2024

One of the major problems related to climate change is the increase in land area affected by higher salt concentrations and desertification. Finding economically and environmentally friendly sustainable solutions that effectively mitigate salt stress damage to plants is of great importance. In our work, some natural products and microbial biocontrol agents were evaluated for their long-term effectiveness in reducing salt stress in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. romana) plants. Fourteen different treatments applied to soil pots, with and without salt stress, were analyzed using biometric (leaf and root length and width), physiological (chlorophyll and proline content), and morphological (microscopic preparations) techniques and NGS to study the microbial communities in the soil of plants subjected to different treatments. Under our long-term experimental conditions (90 days), the results showed that salt stress negatively affected plant growth. The statistical analysis showed a high variability in the responses of the different biostimulant treatments. Notably, the biocontrol agents Papiliotrema terrestris (strain PT22AV), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain B07), and Rahnella aquatilis (strain 36) can act as salt stress mitigators in L. sativa. These findings suggest that both microbial biocontrol agents and certain natural products hold promise for reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on plants.
Composition Characterization of Crossostephium chinense Leaf Essential Oil and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity Mechanisms
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsin , Chiang Yu-Ting , Lin Li-Yin , Tsao Nai-Wen , Wang Chung-Hsuan , Chien Shih-Chang , Sun Ying-Hsuan , Wang Sheng-Yang
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the composition characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity mechanisms of the essential oil from the leaves of Crossostephium chinense. C. chinense is a perennial herb commonly found in East Asia, traditionally used to treat various ailments. The essential oil extracted through water distillation, primarily contains 1,8-cineole (13.73%), santolina triene (13.53%), and germacrene D (10.67%). Three compounds were identified from the essential oil, namely 1-acetoxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylhex-3,5-diene, 1-acetoxy-isopyliden-hex-5-en-4-one, and chrysanthemyl acetate, with the first two being newly discovered compounds. Then, the essential oil of C. chinense exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages, effectively inhibiting the production of NO and ROS, with the IC50 value of 10.3 μg/mL. Furthermore, the essential oil reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies indicate that the essential oil affects the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of iNOS but has no significant impact on COX-2. Further analysis suggests that the essential oil may regulate the inflammatory response through the ERK protein in the MAPK pathway and IκBα in the NF-κB pathway, while also promoting the activity of the NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, enhancing the cell’s antioxidant capacity, thereby achieving an effect of inhibiting the inflammatory response. These results highlight the potential application value of C. chinense leaf essential oil in the medical and healthcare fields.
Yield Difference between Different Cultivation Techniques under Ultrasonic Treatment Driven by Radiation Use Efficiency
Authors: Deng Sicheng , Gu Qichang , Wu Yizhu , Yi Wentao , Lu Jian , Peng Ligong , Tang Xiangru
Published: September 2024

Ultrasonic treatment and optimal cultivation techniques are both conducive to the high yield of super rice in South China. Many previous studies have shown that the increase in intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) is an important reason for high rice yield. Field experiments were conducted over two years to evaluate the effects of IPAR and RUE on the yield under different treatments (CK: conventional cultivation technique without ultrasonic treatment; T1: conventional cultivation technique with ultrasonic treatment; T2: super rice-specific cultivation technique without ultrasonic treatment and T3: super rice-specific cultivation technique with ultrasonic treatment), with two representative rice varieties, Wufengyou-615 (WFY) and Jingnongsimiao (JNSM) during the late seasons of rice cultivation in South China. The super rice-specific cultivation technique and the ultrasonic treatment could significantly increase the yield, which was significantly (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with panicle number, grain-filling rate, and aboveground total dry weight. The higher grain yield depended more highly on higher RUE in the mid-tillering stage and maturity stage. The results of multiple-regression models also showed that the contributions of IPAR and RUE to yield were significant (p < 0.01). Conclusively, IPAR and RUE contributed a lot to yield progress of super rice in both super rice-specific cultivation techniques with fewer times of topdressing and ultrasonic treatment in South China. It is worth further studying how to reasonably improve the RUE of high-RUE varieties through other means.
Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for Dopamine Determination
Authors: Merli Daniele , Cutaia Alessandra , Hallulli Ines , Bonanni Alessandra , Alberti Giancarla
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a quantitative method for dopamine determination. The method is based on a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (e-MIP)-modified screen-printed electrode, with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the chosen measurement technique. The dopamine molecules are efficiently entrapped in the polymeric film, creating recognition cavities. A comparison with bare and non-imprinted polypyrrole-modified electrodes clearly demonstrates the superior sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of the e-MIP-based one; indeed, a sensitivity of 0.078 µA µM−1, a detection limit (LOD) of 0.8 µM, a linear range between 0.8 and 45 µM and a dynamic range of up to 350 µM are achieved. The method was successfully tested on fortified synthetic and human urine samples to underline its applicability as a screening method for biomedical tests.
Plasma Gasification of a Simulated Low-Level Radioactive Waste: Co, Cs, Sr, and Ce Retention Efficiency
Authors: Pullao Juan Ariel , Benedetto Franco Emmanuel , Binetti Basterrechea Gian Franco , Neira Poblete Leonardo Andrés , Lago Diana Carolina , Prado Miguel Oscar
Published: September 2024

Thermal plasma is a versatile technology that can be used to treat various types of wastes, including vegetal and mineral oils, solvents, plastics, paper and cardboard, glasses, bricks and rocks, metals, clothes, and mixtures of these materials. In this study, we utilized a commercial plasma cutter as a thermal plasma source to decrease the volume of a simulated low-level radioactive mixed solid waste. The simulated waste included papers, plastics, clothes, gloves, metals, and stable Co, Cs, Sr, and Ce additives as surrogates of 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 144Ce, respectively, the latter being typical contaminants in nuclear LLW. As a result of the process, two products were obtained: a solid phase, on which we focused this work, and a gaseous phase. To retain as many as surrogates as possible in the solid final phase, crushed glass from broken bottles was included as a vitrification additive to the original waste. After undergoing heat treatment, a dense vitreous slag was produced along with ashes. The process resulted in a volume reduction of 70%, indicating the successful gasification of organic excess materials. The surrogate elements were retained in the process and were found in the ashes composition: Co (3.4% w/w), Cs (37.7% w/w), and Ce (0.6% w/w) and in the glass matrix composition of Co, Cs, Sr and Ce: 72.4 ± 14.7, 32 ± 18.2, 125.3 ± 31.6, 80 ± 13.1% w/w, respectively. For the actual experimental conditions, retention efficiencies were estimated for cobalt (Co) at 72.4 ± 14.7%, cerium (Ce) at 80 ± 13.1%, strontium (Sr) at 125.3 ± 31.6%, and notably cesium (Cs) at 32 ± 18.2%.
Determination of the Main Production Factors and Production Predictions of Test Wells in the Offshore Tight Oil Reservoirs in the L Formation of the Beibu Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Methods
Authors: Gao Xinchen , Guo Kangliang , Li Qiangyu , Jin Yuhang , Liu Jiakang
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the challenge of rapidly and accurately predicting the production of test wells in offshore tight oil reservoirs, specifically within the L Formation of the Beibu Basin. This challenge is particularly pronounced in situations where drill stem tests are limited and evaluating each untested well layer is difficult. To achieve this objective, we analyzed fifteen typical test wells in the L Formation, taking into account both geological and engineering factors. Initially, Pearson correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and grey relational analysis were used to identify the main production factors. Based on these analyses, two types of production prediction models were developed: one employing the comprehensive production index method and the other utilizing the production coefficient method. The research identified effective permeability, porosity, oil saturation, and shale content as the main production factors for the test wells in the study area. The model verification results showed that the comprehensive production index model performs effectively for the L Formation, with an average prediction error of 20.40% compared to the actual production values. This research is significant for optimizing and stabilizing production in tight oil reservoirs.
The List: Policing Women’s Pastoral Titles and the Failure of Racial Reconciliation in the SBC
Authors: Garrote Leslie
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes recent controversies around gender in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) by examining an online list of women pastors from 112 SBC churches created in 2023 by supporters of an amendment to restrict “any kind” of pastor to qualified men. Using interviews with listed women and primary sources posted to church websites in the form of statements of beliefs, staff pages, church newsletters, church council minutes, and pastors’ blogs, this study examines the identity of these women and how they and their churches responded to being publicly identified. It also analyzes the making of this list in the context of denominational history and contemporaneous crises. This study argues that while the proposed amendment largely borrowed language, recycled tactics, and reiterated themes from previous changes to the SBC Faith and Message, divergent responses to the list revealed the persistence of racial divisions in the denomination. Most striking is the absence of any direct response to the list or the proposed amendment by listed Black churches, indicating the complicated and contingent relationship between these churches and the denomination. The absence of engagement also subtlety signals the underlying failure by 2024 of a racial reconciliation movement championed by SBC leaders throughout the previous three decades.
Sustainable Development, Territorial Disparities in Land Resources, and Soil Degradation: A Multi-Temporal Approach
Authors: Maialetti Marco , Salvati Luca , Chelli Francesco Maria
Published: September 2024

The present study investigates territorial disparities in selected socioeconomic forces and environmental factors underlying soil degradation that may lead to early desertification processes in a dry Mediterranean region exposed to increasing human pressure. To verify if spatial disparities in land resources have increased over time, a standard approach based on the Environmentally Sensitive Area Index (ESAI) was adopted to evaluate sixty years of territorial transformations in Latium, Central Italy, a region prone to intense processes of land resource depletion. The ESAI provides a standard, holistic assessment of soil degradation based on the estimation of four different ‘resource qualities’ (climate, soil, vegetation, and land use) and their change over sufficiently long time windows; in this study, the procedure was run at three reference years (1960, 1990, and 2020). The observed divergence in soil degradation levels between coastal and inland districts arose during the study period, with a consequent reduction in the local-scale variability of the ESAI. Such differential processes observed along the elevation gradient in Central Italy are likely due to anthropogenic factors affecting land use and leveraging crop intensification in flat districts and farmland abandonment in steep areas. New findings to be achieved in the context of human impacts on land resource depletion are regarded as an original contribution to the study of early desertification processes in advanced economies.
The Role of Sex in the Assessment of Return and Downside Risk in Decumulation Financial Planning
Authors: Betzuen Álvarez Amaia Jone , Betzuen Zalbidegoitia Amancio
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to assess the return and downside risk of a decumulation portfolio established at the retirement age of a senior, with a determined lifetime horizon differentiated by the sex of the citizen. To measure the portfolio’s return and downside risk, two ratios conditioned by seniors’ risk attitude towards portfolio failure are employed: the downside Sortino ratio and the downside risk–return ratio. Unlike other research in the field, this manuscript provides three portfolio compositions catering to different senior investment profiles: aggressive, moderate, and conservative. Additionally, it offers a decumulation horizon conditioned by the sex-specific life expectancy of the individual, instead of offering different scenarios for conducting a sensitivity analysis. Lastly, this study was conducted across three socioeconomically distinct countries: the US, Spain, and Japan. The results clearly demonstrate that both sex and nationality significantly influence the selection of the optimal decumulation portfolio composition aimed at exhausting funds by the senior’s demise.