bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI FROM CASSAVA WASTE AND MILL SOIL
Authors: Adedayo Majekodunmi Racheal , Lateef Taofeek Olatunji
Published: February 2025

The abundance of cellulose on earth, the need for its biodegradation and the various applications of cellulolytic enzymes in commercial settings have necessitated unrestrained research for novel cellulase producing indigenous microorganisms for local production of the enzyme to meet the ever-growing and enormous demand for it. Soil sample was collected from a cassava processing mill while freshly harvested cassava was peeled and steeped in water for five days. Cellulase degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated from the cassava mill soil and the liquid waste (Cassava steeped water) on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar using pour plate method under standard laboratory conditions for 48 hours. The isolated bacteria and fungi were identified using cellular morphology and biochemical characteristics; they were screened for cellulolytic ability on carboxyl methyl cellulose media supplemented with 0.5% Congo red and incubated for 48 hours. The bacteria isolated were Escherichial coli, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species while the fungi isolates were Aspergillus fumigatus, flavus, terreus, niger, Rhizopus species and Trichodermal species. The isolated Pseudomonas species has the highest cellulolytic ability of (18.00 mm) in terms of diameter of zone of clearance on the Congo red media among the bacteria, then the Bacillus species (15.00 mm) while the least of 1.00 mm was in the E. coli isolated. Aspergillus terreus, fumigatus and niger were the isolates with highest cellulolytic ability with zones of clearance measuring 15.00, 13.00 and 13.00 mm respectively. Conclusively, the isolated Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Aspergillus species are promising organisms as potential enzyme cellulase producer.
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF GASTROINTESTINAL ULCERS AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akintade Taiwo Folajimi
Published: February 2025

Awareness and knowledge of gastrointestinal ulcers among rural farming households are critical aspects of public health that can influence both prevention and early intervention strategies. Thus this study was conducted to assess the awareness and knowledge of rural farming household to gastrointestinal ulcer in Ondo State Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of one hundred and twenty respondents for the study. Frequency counts, percentages, mean and regression analysis were used in analyzing the data for the study. Primary data for the study was collected with a questionnaire coupled with an interview schedule. The mean age of the respondents was 47 years. Majority (63.32%) of the respondents were males. The mean farming experience was 6 years. Mean farming household size was 8 while majority were married. The respondents also had a mean farm size of 4 hectares. The level of awareness and knowledge was relatively low. Also majority (70.3%) sourced their information from Co Farmers while the perception of the respondents was fairly moderate. The regression analysis showed that only means of information was not significant to the level of awareness of respondents to gastrointestinal ulcer. The study concludes that awareness and knowledge levels are low, necessitating targeted health education programs to improve rural household health outcomes. The study recommends that community health education program should be organized to teach rural household farmers about the causes, symptoms and treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer in the study area.
NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELLING OF RELATIONSHIP AMONG GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TILAPIA (Oreochromisniloticus)
Authors: Muhammad Nuratu , Yakubu Yisa , Yekeen Balikis Oluwakemi
Published: February 2025

Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) is a globally significant and economically vital fish species, requiring effective management to sustain its benefits for local communities. This study utilized secondary data from a mixed factorial experiment to examine the effects of water temperature, location, and week on Nile tilapia growth. The growth parameters considered include total length, standard length, and weight. Water temperature levels considered include room temperature (20°C) as control, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C for 12-week period and three(3) locations. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to model the relationships between total length and weight, and standard length and weight, under each temperature level. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was then used to examine the effects of location, week, and temperature on fish weight. The constructed nonlinear models were then compared using the error sum of squares (SSE) criterion in F-test. The findings showed that model three is the best fit with SSE of 3137.143 and 3099.227, respectively, for total length x weightandstandard length x weightinteraction effects. ANOVA revealed significant effects of location, week, and temperature, along with their interactions (except location x weekfor total and standard lengths), on fish weight with p-values below 0.0001 (p < 0.0001). Estimated marginal means indicated a consistent increase in fish weight across all temperatures. The fitted regression model between total and standard lengths explained 96% of the total variability, indicatingan excellent fit. These findings provide valuable insights for fisheries managers and scientists to enhance tilapia stock managementand exploration.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Marín Leyva René Augusto
Published: February 2025

Editorial
EL OUTSOURCING, ESTRATEGIA LABORAL A FAVOR DE LA EMPRESA
Authors: García Flores Jacinto , Silva Ambriz Ana Lilia , Vélez Ortiz María de las Nieves
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo aborda el outsourcing, figura mediante la cual las empresas buscan evitar el pago de las prestaciones laborales a favor de los trabajadores, tales como la indemnización constitucional de noventa días, vacaciones, prima vacacional, aguinaldo, utilidades, horas extras, afiliación al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social y el Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los trabajadores. Al efecto celebran con una empresa prestadora de servicios profesionales el contrato correspondiente, no deben perder de vista que aun así tienen una responsabilidad solidaria.
EL ENFOQUE DE LA FIRMA BASADO EN SUS RECURSOS COMO UN MARCO TEÓRICO PARA EXPLICAR LA DINÁMICA INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Gómez Aguirre Mario , Carlos Rodríguez José
Published: February 2025

Este ensayo discute la dinámica industrial desde el enfoque teórico conocido como Análisis de la Firma Basado en sus Recursos (Resuource-Based View of the Firm). El objetivo es contrastar el análisis que deriva de este enfoque con otras explicaciones al uso como son la teoría microeconómica neoclásica y la economía evolucionista. En este sentido, este trabajo analiza el debate teórico en relación a estos tres enfoques cuando buscan explicar el comportamiento de la empresa, su crecimiento y las formas de competencia en los mercados donde ésta participa. Una conclusión importante que deriva de este análisis es que los tres enfoques pueden ser complementarios al momento de explicar la dinámica industrial.
CUALIFICACIÓN VS. COMPETENCIA, SU DEBATE SEMÁNTICO
Authors: Guerrero Dávalos Cuauhtémoc
Published: February 2025

En diversos ámbitos, a los conceptos de “Cualificación” y “Competencia” se le ha asignado un mismo significado. Es decir, ambas expresiones sugieren que existe idoneidad de un individuo para realizar una determinada actividad. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo contextualizar el significado de ambos conceptos dado que la trayectoria de éstos es distinta. Más aún, en él se expone la transición de una mera acepción de certificación, como lo es la Cualificación a un concepto de Competencia que reconoce el saber hacer y saber estar, más ajustado a los nuevos requerimientos del sector laboral.
EL CAMBIO Y LA CALIDAD COMO ESTRATEGIAS PARA EL DESARROLLO EMPRESARIAL.
Authors: González Santoyo Federico , Tenorio González Ana Lorena , Tenorio González Ana Laura
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo trata en primera aproximación cómo contribuye el concepto de cambio al desarrollo organizacional y la calidad en la empresa, tomándolo como una práctica y estrategia permanente para el logro de un mejor posicionamiento de ésta como de clase mundial en el mercado.
UN ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR SOBRE LA ESTRATEGIA MER-CADOLÓGICA EFICIENTE APLICADA POR LAS EMPRESAS MEXICANAS DURANTE LA CRISIS FINANCIERA 2009 – 2010
Authors: Lee Kim Hyun Sook
Published: February 2025

Para este estudio, se construyeron tres hipótesis. La comprobación de la Hipótesis 1 permitió conocer que no todas las empresas encuestadas se han visto afectadas negativamente sino algunas incluso han obtenido benefi­cios, por medio de estrategias eficientes. Esto nos deja una lección de que la habilidad gerencial o de la dirección podrá influir en los negocios de una empresa en cualquiera condición financiera del mercado. Por otro lado, dicho efecto no se puede agrupar por ramos, sino por empresas.
La Hipótesis 2 permitió comprobar la importancia de estrategias de buena calidad en los productos con un precio bajo para sobrevivir en la crisis financiera. Además, la comprobación de la Hipótesis 3 nos afirmó la importancia de la habilidad eficiente de cada gobierno o nación en el momento de una crisis financiera para superarla.
Para la siguiente etapa de este estudio con un mayor número de en­cuestas, se recomienda una actualización de las hipótesis y buscar un méto­do más apropiado y científico para la comprobación de las mismas.
ÍNDICE DE ENTRADAS EFECTIVAS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA POR REGIÓN ECONÓMICA EN MÉXICO, 1995-2009
Authors: Ortega Gómez Priscila , Kido Cruz Antonio
Published: February 2025

En las últimas décadas la IED ha sido uno de los temas con mayorrelevancia como factor que genera crecimiento y desarrollo económico,así como para la integración de la economía al mercado global, debido aesto, los países anfitriones ofrecen incentivos para atraer mayor IED. Elobjetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la capacidad de atracciónde la IED por región económica en México durante 1995-2009. Para ello,se utilizó el índice de entradas efectivas (IEE) que consiste en medir laproporción que corresponde a una entidad en las corrientes nacionalesde IED en comparación con la parte proporcional que le corresponde delPIB nacional. Las evidencias encontradas demuestran que las regiones delcentro este, noroeste, noreste y norte obtuvieron los IEE más elevados en lamayoría de los periodos de estudio, lo que implica que factores geográficosy de crecimiento económico, como variables implícitas, están relacionadoscon la atracción de IED, y por tanto, con el IEE.
METHODOLOGICAL STRUCTURE FOR THE AGGREGATION OF MUNICIPALITIES UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS. THE CASE OF MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Alfaro García Víctor G. , Gil Lafuente Anna M. , Alfaro Calderón Gerardo G.
Published: February 2025

Through the last years, there has been an increasing interest for acceleratingthe economical, social and environmental development of cities throughassociations, organization and creation of synergies. Our investigationpretends to apply administration models for the analysis and treatmentof variables, combinatory processes and affinity models, which could findthe most similar municipalities of one region. The results obtained bythis study pretend to support projects in order to increase the regionaldevelopment of the Latin-American State of Michoacán, México. Throughthe model, process and results we look forward to offer a strategic proposalfor associations between similar municipalities, by doing this action, wetry to fill the gap that is found in the field of analysing the present framesof associations, which are mainly driven by empirical decisions. In orderto achieve this task we will use tools for the treatment of fuzzy sets theory,evaluating related elements and finding similarities between municipalitiesunder the Pichat algorithm.
LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS Y LAS REDES DE INNOVACIÓN
Authors: Bonales Valencia Joel , Gallegos Ortiz Eunice Paola
Published: February 2025

No cabe duda que el éxito o fracaso de una empresa esté determinado ensu mayoría por un equipo de recursos humanos, puesto que se trata de unfactor que establece la diferenciación de una empresa; esto debido a que lasestructuras o tecnologías pueden igualarse, pero el recurso humano siempreserá único e incomparable en cada empresa. La ventaja competitiva de lasempresas reside precisamente en los elementos internos de la misma: susrecursos y capacidades; de acuerdo con Martín (1993), la empresa debeinvertir en capital humano, ya que es una ventaja competitiva esto debidoa que cuando el personal añade valor a sus procesos de producción, seconvierte en un recurso único, el cual es difícil de igualar y de sustituir.Sin lugar a dudas el uso de Redes de Innovación, es una herramientasumamente valiosa para potencializar los recursos humanos, puesto quemediante el uso de redes se favorece el intercambio de experiencias, locual repercute en la creación y desarrollo de capacidades necesarias paracontribuir a la obtención de un enfoque competitivo sostenible.
EL IMPACTO DE LAS COMPETENCIAS INDIVIDUALES EN LOS RESULTADOS EMPRESARIALES
Authors: Guerrero Dávalos Cuauhtémoc
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se muestran algunos antecedentes de la teoría de compe­tencias, en el cual se destaca que la rama de la Psicología y las ciencias del comportamiento, han sido las principales fuentes de conocimiento de esta técnica. A su vez trata de las competencias individuales, como una herra­mienta estratégica que incide en los resultados empresariales.
Deep immunophenotypic dissection and clinical impact of T cells in the follicular lymphoma microenvironment
Authors: El Daker Sary , Qualls David , Derkach Andriy , Beqaj Samida , Boiocchi Leonardo , Seshan Venkatraman , Baik Jeeyeon , Zhu Menglei , Salles Gilles , Dogan Ahmet , Roshal Mikhail , Galera Pallavi
Published: February 2025

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B cell lymphoma with a heterogenous disease course, and patients may not require immediate treatment upon diagnosis. Scrutiny of its microenvironment may provide key insights into lymphomagenesis and enhancement of therapeutic options.
We analyzed the T-cell composition of a large, well-annotated follicular hyperplasia (FH; n=43) cohort utilizing standardized high dimensionality flow cytometry (>150,000 cells analyzed/sample) and a novel reproducible analytical pipeline leading to identification of even minor T-cell subsets. This baseline reference set was compared to prospectively collected FL samples (n=91) from untreated patients (FL-UT) and patients with relapsed/refractory disease (FL-RR). Compared to FH, both FL-UT and FL-RR specimens exhibited depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ naive subsets and were characterized by an immune suppressive microenvironment enriched in specific inhibitory T-cells, along with exhausted memory T-cells overexpressing varying combinations of immune checkpoint receptors. FL specimens showed enrichment of T follicular regulatory cells (TFR) and two highly suppressive regulatory T-cell (Treg) populations expressing TIGIT and CTLA4 (TC) and PD1, TIGIT, CTLA4, and TIM3 (PTCTi). FL-UT cases with either increased T-reg TC or increased T follicular helper cells (TFH) showed reduced time to first treatment (
Retrorectal Cystic Hamartoma - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nuru Seif , Katyali Denis , Kajana Emmanuel , Mgimwa Lucas , Mbelle Peter
Published: February 2025

Retrorectal cystic hamartomas or tailgut cysts are rare congenital lesions which result from the non-regression of embryo remnants of the hindgut. In this case report we present a 4-year old female who was referred to our facility with a history of change in stool habit for 2 years characterized by pain during defecation and passage of flat shaped stool. Abdomino-pelvic CT scan suggested retrorectal cystic hamartoma which was successfully surgically excised through posterior sagittal approach. The final pathological diagnosis was retrorectal cystic hamartoma (tailgut cyst) with no evidence of malignancy.
Impact of E-learning on the Academic Performance Among Alzaiem Alazhari University Medical Students
Authors: Abdelgadir Hiba Salah , Hassan Razan Nassir , Yousif Rabah Ezzaldeen , Babiker Roba Abdallaho , Abdelgadir Hind Salah , Ahmed Mosab Abdelgader , Awad Ahmed Mahjoub , Abdelmagid Salah Abdelgadir
Published: February 2025

Introduction: E-learning is the use of internet and media in education. In Sudan e-learning was introduced as educational method after COVID-19 pandemonic. This study aimed to assess the impact of e-learning on the academic performance on Alzaiem Alazhari medical students.

Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was concluded during the period from March 2023 to February 2024. Data was collected by pre-tested structured online questionnaire to collect required information, Total of 235 students participated in the study. All data was summarized by frequency tables.

Results: The academic performance was improved among (56,6%) of the participants after the introduction of e-learning. Most of the participants (63.4%) prefer combination of both the online and face-to-face lectures in the educational process. Disadvantages of e-learning include bad network (76.6%), lack of electricity supply (63.8%), cost of network (29.8%), absence of interaction with doctors and other students (29.8%), loss of interest (25.5%) and technology unawareness (12.8%). Some of the participants reported that they faced the following difficulties, didn't have smart phone (6.4%), their smartphone wasn’t functioning well (14.9%) and they consider the e-learning is more stressful to them (5, 2.1%).

Conclusion: The flexibility of e-learning in time and place along with availability of the materials impacted positively in the academic performance of the medical students. Technical problems like internet connection, availability of electricity, lack of smart phones and technology unawareness was reported as struggles of e-learning in Sudan. Educators must implement effective strategies to address these concerns to harness the e-learning potential and ensure successful and comprehensive learning environment. Ministry of higher education in Sudan along with the universities must support and supply the impoverished students with the required materials and tools to ensure the success of e-learning.
Prevalence of Peg-Shaped Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors, Among Non-Syndromic Libyan Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Mohamed Mahfud F , Muadab Hawa
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (PSMLI) among non-syndromic Libyan orthodontic patients and the effect of gender on the phenomenon.

Methods: Pretreatment orthodontic records of Libyan orthodontic patients were screened in the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, and three private orthodontic clinics in the city. Records of 2500 patients (1778 females and 722 males) were investigated; patients' ages ranged from 11 to 35 years old. The records were checked by the two researchers, searching for unilateral or bilateral PSMLI. Descriptive statistical estimations (prevalence and statistical significance) of the collected raw data and the interexaminer reliability testing were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM® SPSS® Statistics) version 26.

Results: Kappa values (K) =100% and 90% for intra-examiner and inter-examiner agreements respectively (P> 0.05). The overall prevalence of PSMLI in this study was 7.4% (2.6% unilateral and 4.8% bilateral). Gender does not affect the overall prevalence (P >0.05). The difference in the percentages of unilateral and bilateral PSMLI was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of right-sided unilateral PSMLI among males was 1%, while it was 2.25% among females; the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: PSML in Libyan orthodontic patients is more prevalent than in some other populations. No effect of gender on the phenomenon except in the case of the right-sided unilateral PSMLI, which was more in females.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Female Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Keskin Ayse Selcen Bulut , Resorlu Hatice , Beyazit Fatma
Published: February 2025

Objective: In this study, it is aimed to determine the efficacy of Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS), and to evaluate the effects of LLLT on depression, anxiety and quality of life.

Material and Method: Female CPPS were included in the study. LLLT was applied to the first group, and placebo (sham operation) was applied to the second group. Patients were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MMPQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), before the treatment, at the end of treatment, and 8 weeks after randomization.

Results: The patients included in the treatment group (n = 11) and in the placebo group (n = 8) were calculated as 38.91 ± 5.20 and 37.25 ± 6.34, respectively. In the treatment group, a significant difference was found between the pre-treatment (VASPre-T) and end of treatment (VASPost-T) pain values and between pre-treatment (VASPre-T) pain values and pain values measured 8 weeks after randomization (VAS8th-week) (p: 0.003, p: 0.003). Additionally, a significant improvement in MMPQ scores was also found in the treatment group. (p: 0.037 and p: 0.008 respectively). When the MMPQ and BDI values in both groups were compared, there was no difference (p>0.05). Furthermore, it was observed that the level of anxiety (BAI) decreased at the end of the treatment, although not significantly, in the placebo group (p: 0.12), Additionally, significant improvements were observed in terms of SF-36 quality of life scale sub-scores.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that LLLT, a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive and safe treatment method, can be useful in the treatment of CPPS. Yet, large-scale multi-center studies are needed to support the positive results found in favor of LLLT in this study.
Leukocyte profiles in bull semen and their relationship with sperm quality parameters
Authors: Hayek-Martins Yasmin El , Silva Mariana Karla Francolino da , Guerra Paulina Betancur , Souza Fabiana Ferreira de , Crespilho André Maciel
Published: February 2025

The role of leukocytes in semen remains controversial, with both beneficial effects, such as the removal of microorganisms and abnormal sperm, and harmful effects, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced fertility potential. Research on this topic in farm animals is limited. This study investigated correlations between differential leukocyte counts in bull semen and sperm parameters, both fresh and post-thaw. A total of 44 ejaculates from 36 adult bulls were collected using the artificial vagina method. Semen cytology was performed with Diff-Quick staining, and leukocytes were quantified under an optical microscope. Sperm parameters analyzed included ejaculate volume, motility (fresh and post-thaw), concentration, and morphology (major, minor, and total defects). Lymphocytes predominated (82%), followed by macrophages (13%), neutrophils (4%), and eosinophils (1%). Neutrophils showed weak negative correlations with major defects (r = -0.36, P = 0.027) and total defects (r = -0.328, P = 0.047), as well as a moderate negative correlation with post-thaw motility (r = -0.515, P = 0.0012) in Spearman’s correlation analysis. In contrast, lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils showed no significant correlations with sperm parameters. These findings suggest that among leukocyte populations, only neutrophils negatively impact sperm morphology in fresh semen and motility in thawed semen.
Development of an Alternative Design for Single Slope Concrete Barriers to Reduce Working Width
Authors: Tu Xuchun Steven , Saba Pooya , Tripathi Santosh
Published: February 2025

In the most recent 2020 edition of the Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 6, important amendments were made to the required working width values for public domain extruded concrete road safety barriers. These changes deviated from the narrower widths that some Australian states, particularly Queensland, had adhered to for decades. During the transition, many completed road designs followed the previous standards for concrete barrier working width, raising concerns among asset owners about whether the residual risk is acceptable – especially when the barrier shields bridge piers or other critical roadside structures. The catastrophic risk of bridge collapse could result in serious injury or even fatality among other road users. To address this challenge, two extrapolation methods were developed based on the only available crash testing for a single slope concrete barrier. These methods retain the profile of the public domain single slope concrete barrier commonly used in Queensland but achieve a reduced working width by increasing the barrier height. Practitioners would benefit from this evidence-based approach when the existing or designed cross-section is constrained and the structure is at risk of impact. The relevant design guidance and considerations have been discussed to establish the conditions for use. The outcome of this study has been summarised in a technical note published by the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads for practitioners to consider under the domain of Design Exception.
Optimasi Karakteristik Komponen Waterjet thruster terhadap Gaya Dorong Menggunakan Metode Taguchi
Authors: Seva Marcell , Kurniawan Zaldy , Hasdiansah Hasdiansah
Published: February 2025

Waterjet thruster is a technological breakthrough in ship propulsion system. The propulsion system has a very significant influence on ship operations. The waterjet thruster system consists of an inlet, waterjet pump, and turbo outlet. 3D Printing is one of the technological breakthroughs in the field of layer-by-layer manufacturing. 3D Printing is efficient in the world of manufacturing in making mechanical components, even prototypes. The combination of component characteristics will be arranged using Taguchi method with L9(33) orthogonal matrix. This study aims to optimize the combination of waterjet thruster component characteristics. It is concluded that the characteristics of waterjet thruster components have an influence on the thrust force produced. The highest thrust force is in the 9th experiment with a thrust force of 2,281 Newton using a combination of the number of inlet blades of 5 pieces, the second type impeller, and the number of turbo outlet blades totaling 3 pieces.
Pengaruh Parameter Proses 3D Printing Tipe Fdm Terhadap Hasil Transparansi Pada Filamen ABS (Acetonitrile Butadiene Stryene)
Authors: Indun Indun , Juanda Juanda , Pristiansyah Pristiansyah
Published: February 2025

(3D) Printing technology is one of the new innovations in manufacturing. Utilizing additive manufacturing principles to convert 3D computer-aided design (CAD) data directly into physical prototypes, 3D printing technology works by building layer by layer to form prototypes. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology is a printing procedure used to print products using fibrous materials and the printed products have perfect geometric characters. In the research conducted using transparent type ABS filament with a diameter of 1.75. with Ender 3 Max FDM 3D printing machine. Nozzle temperature (250, 255, 260 bed temperature (85 90 95), print speed (50 55 60) using the taguci method in 3D printing minitab software to find the transparency of production which will be measured using a lux meter tool. which is where the average research results of the low transparency test are the 1st sample, which is an average of 47. the optimal value is at temperature temperature 250, bed temperature 85, print speed 50. with the mean plot value of Nozzle Temperature (102.33), Build Plate Temperature (101.00), Print speed (76.89).
Pemanfaatan Limbah Elektronik Jenis Optik (Screenprotector Smartphone) Sebagai Filler pada Polyester Matrix Composites
Authors: Ridhoni Fauzan , Ary Wahyudie Ilham , Masdani Masdani
Published: February 2025

This research aims to test and evaluate the toughness of composite material reinforced with optical type electronic waste (screen protector) with variations in the length and weight of the screen protector pieces as filler. The impact testing method in accordance with the ISO-179 standard is used to determine the toughness of polyester fiber reinforced composite materials. In this research, the composite variation used was a resin and catalyst ratio of 10:2 with variations in the length and weight of the screen protector pieces as filler using variations of the Taguci method. The limitation of this research is that it only focuses on optical type electronic waste reinforced composite materials (screen protectors), and does not involve testing composite materials with other reinforcements. In addition, this research does not discuss the production or construction process of composite materials, but only focuses on testing and evaluating material toughness. Based on the experimental results of this research, it can be concluded that the impact testing results of the 2 process parameters tested, namely waste length, waste weight, with three levels of factors have a great influence on the impact testing of these factors. In order of the most influential factors on the composition of screen protector pieces as filler in composites, namely: length of waste, weight of waste. The most optimal impact test toughness value occurs in the factorial Taguchi L9 design specimen, namely waste length (12.5 cm), waste weight (62 grams). Safety and environmental protection aspects will be considered in this research. The research will be carried out in compliance with relevant safety standards and taking into account possible environmental impacts. This research has a time limit until the end of the research without involving further development or implementation stages. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a better understanding of the strength and toughness of optical type electronic waste reinforced composite materials (screen protectors) with variations in the length and weight of the screen protector pieces, as well as contribute to the development of better composite materials in the future.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa dan Larutan Kunyit Terhadap Kekuatan Impak Komposit Serat Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus) Matriks Polyester
Authors: Rienera Salsabilla , Ary Wahyudie Ilham , Rollastin Boy
Published: February 2025

Currently, using natural fibers as composite reinforcement is a new pattern in material technology. Natural fiber-reinforced composite materials have sustainable potential in the industrial field because the natural fibers used significantly impact the composite's mechanical properties. However, the chemical content of natural fibers can affect the mechanical properties of the composite. Therefore, chemical treatment of fibers that will be used as composite reinforcement must be done to produce mechanical properties such as optimal impact strength. This research aims to see the effect of treatment time on citronella fibers and the type of treatment solution on the resulting impact strength. The method used in this research is a 2k factorial design. In this study, the impact test used the ISO 179-01 standard reference with the treatment of citronella fiber soaked using liquid smoke solution and fiber boiling using turmeric solution, and the length of the treatment process was 1 hour and 3 hours. The results showed that the interaction between the type of solution and the length of treatment time affected the impact strength.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha Exilis) Sebagai Katalisatator Pada Proses Carburizing
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Ramli Ramli , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: February 2025

Indonesia's natural products are very rich, including containing several types of animals, one of which is a clam that belongs to one type of shellfish. Mussel shells contain 39.55% calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The presence of calcium carbonate in the shell makes it possible to use it as a source of catalyst in the carburization process. Carburization adds carbon to the steel when heated to austenitic temperatures, causing the carbon to diffuse onto the steel surface. Low carbon steels with a carbon content of less than 0.3% are usually used in this process. Among the low-carbon steels widely used in industry, there is St 42 Steel, which has exceptional strength. Coconut shell charcoal is used as a catalyst. Coconut shell charcoal is one of the active carbon materials. Activated charcoal from coconut shell has low ash content, high reactivity and good solubility in water. The research method used is experimental. Steel ST 42 is used as the material. At the same time, the carburizing medium is activated carbon powder from coconut shell and shellfish powder by 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, when heated for 3.6 and 9 hours.
Sistem Monitoring Pendeteksi Suhu dan PH Air Tambak Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy
Authors: Widyastuti Andini Regista , Amanda Suristiani , Afriansyah Riki , Riezky Pratiwi Indah
Published: February 2025

The snakehead fish is a type of freshwater fish that is widely cultivated due to its relatively high economic value. Achieving success in snakehead fish farming requires careful planning, effective management, understanding of cultivation techniques, and compliance with regulations and business requirements. However, temperature and pH checks in the fish pond at PT Mahkota Tanah Air are currently conducted manually. The environmental conditions of the pond significantly affect the freshwater fish farming process. Therefore, a modern technology-based detection system is needed to monitor the temperature and pH of the fish pond using the Fuzzy method. Thus, the implementation of this temperature and pH detection monitoring system can assist pond operators in monitoring the temperature and pH of the fish pond. The testing results of the temperature and pH sensors at PT Mahkota Tanah Air show an accuracy rate of 98%, indicating success.
River Erriff sea trout Salmo trutta revisited: Reply to O'Farrell (2025)
Authors: Gargan PG , Kelly FL , Shephard S , Whelan KF
Published: February 2025

Gargan et al. (2016; Aquacult Environ Interact 8:675-689) used a time series of 15 life history descriptors to demonstrate that the population dynamics of a wild sea trout population could change markedly over a short time period. O’Farrell (2025; Aquacult Environ Interact 17:21-26) subsequently noted certain errors in the data used in Gargan et al. (2016) and presented a new analysis, inferring that the overall findings of Gargan et al. (2016) might be compromised. Here, we provide comprehensive responses to each of the data issues raised by O’Farrell (2025) and include a brief additional analysis. We conclude that the results and interpretation of Gargan et al. (2016) remain supported.
A violência doméstica e seus reflexos: a mulher-mãe e a criança
Authors: Fonseca Heron Dalava , Martins Laura Rosa , Machado Edinilson Donisete
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar a problemática da violência doméstica e seus reflexos com recorte na vítima da mulher-mãe e do desenvolvimento e formação da personalidade de criança. Evidencia-se o contexto histórico sobre o qual a violência se constrói desde o período colonial até os dias atuais, colocando a mulher na posição de um ser desprovido de direitos, soma-se a isso a visão dos impactos sofridos pela criança ao estar exposta as diversas formas de violência, tornando-se uma vítima indireta. A metodologia utilizada foi a hipotética dedutiva, analisando a doutrina, o Direito positivado brasileira e a jurisprudência, com foco na Lei n° 11.340/2006, a Lei Maria da Penha, que coloca a violência doméstica como violadora dos Direitos Humanos e n° 8.069, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.
The critical role of TRIM protein family in intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Li Shangze , Jiang Wenli , Chen Fei , Qian Jiao , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of chronic back pain, contributing significantly to reduced quality of life and global public health burdens. The TRIM (Tripartite Motif-containing) protein family, with its diverse regulatory roles, has emerged as a key player in critical cellular processes such as inflammation, cell death, and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Recent findings underscore the involvement of TRIM proteins in IVDD pathogenesis, where they regulate stress responses, maintain cellular homeostasis, and influence the functional integrity of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. This review explores the multifaceted roles of TRIM proteins in IVDD, highlighting their contributions to pathological pathways and their potential as therapeutic targets. Advancing our understanding of TRIM protein-mediated mechanisms may pave the way for innovative and precise therapeutic strategies to combat IVDD.
Inhibition of early EHDV2-Ibaraki infection steps in bovine cells by endosome alkalinization or ikarugamycin, but not by blockage of individual endocytic pathways
Authors: Malka Maya , Czaczkes Inbar , Kashkash Shlomi , Shachar Shirel , Bacharach Eran , Ehrlich Marcelo
Published: February 2025

The Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), an orbivirus, is the etiological factor of a fatal hemorrhagic disease of wild ruminants. A subset of EHDV serotypes, including the Ibaraki strain of EHDV2 (EHDV2-Ibaraki), infect and cause disease in cattle, thus posing a potential threat to livestock. As a member of the Sedoreoviridae family, the EHDV particle is devoid of a membrane envelope and is predicted to employ endocytic pathways for infection. However, the degree of dependence of EHDV2-Ibaraki on specific internalization pathways while infecting bovine cells (its natural host) is unknown. The endosome alkalinizing agent ammonium chloride blocked EHDV2-Ibaraki infection of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells with dependence on its time of addition, suggesting the criticality of endosomal pH for the completion of early stages of infection. Treatment of cells within the alkalinization-sensitive window (i.e., before endosomal processing) with inhibitors of actin polymerization, macropinocytosis (amiloride), or dynamin GTPase activity (dynasore or dynole), or with the cholesterol-depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin, failed to reduce EHDV2-Ibaraki infection. In contrast, in this same treatment time frame, ikarugamycin potently inhibited infection. Moreover, ikarugamycin inhibited interferon induction in infected cells and induced the accumulation of enlarged Rab7- and lamtor4-decorated vacuoles, suggesting its ability to block viral processing and modify late-endosome compartments. Notably, ikarugamycin treatment at initial infection stages, augmented the infection of MDBK cells with the vesicular stomatitis virus while inhibiting infection with bluetongue virus serotype 8. Together, our results point to differential antiviral effects of ikarugamycin on viruses dependent on distinct sets of endosomes for entry/processing.
Microbes, macrophages, and melanin: a unifying theory of disease as exemplified by cancer
Authors: Berg Stacie Z. , Berg Jonathan
Published: February 2025

It is widely accepted that cancer mostly arises from random spontaneous mutations triggered by environmental factors. Our theory challenges the idea of the random somatic mutation theory (SMT). The SMT does not fit well with Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution in that the same relatively few mutations would occur so frequently and that these mutations would lead to death rather than survival of the fittest. However, it would fit well under the theory of evolution, if we were to look at it from the vantage point of pathogens and their supporting microbial communities colonizing humans and mutating host cells for their own benefit, as it does give them an evolutionary advantage and they are capable of selecting genes to mutate and of inserting their own DNA or RNA into hosts. In this article, we provide evidence that tumors are actually complex microbial communities composed of various microorganisms living within biofilms encapsulated by a hard matrix; that these microorganisms are what cause the genetic mutations seen in cancer and control angiogenesis; that these pathogens spread by hiding in tumor cells and M2 or M2-like macrophages and other phagocytic immune cells and traveling inside them to distant sites camouflaged by platelets, which they also reprogram, and prepare the distant site for metastasis; that risk factors for cancer are sources of energy that pathogens are able to utilize; and that, in accordance with our previous unifying theory of disease, pathogens utilize melanin for energy for building and sustaining tumors and metastasis. We propose a paradigm shift in our understanding of what cancer is, and, thereby, a different trajectory for avenues of treatment and prevention.
Evaluation of the immunological functions of placental alkaline phosphatase in vivo using ALPP transgenic mice
Authors: Chen Tse-Ching , Ng Kwai-Fong , Chen Ning , Pan Yi-Ling , Cheng Chun-An , Wu Hsiao-Chun , Hsueh Yi-Jen , Chiang Nien-Yi , Lin Hsi-Hsien
Published: February 2025

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a ubiquitously expressed dephosphorylating enzyme and its level in blood is widely used as a diagnosis marker of liver damage or bone disorders in human patients. ALP is also considered as an anti-inflammatory protein due to its ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate inflammation-triggering molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP) is one of tissue-specific ALP isozymes expressed mostly during pregnancy, however it was found to be differentially upregulated in certain hepatocellular carcinomas by us recently. In addition, ALPP has been identified as a reliable biomarker of diverse germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, little is known of its immune modulatory role in vivo. In this study, we generated ALPP transgenic mice and tested these mice in the LPS-induced sepsis and male-to-female skin graft rejection models. Our results showed that ALPP transgenic mice are more susceptible to intraperitoneal injection of LPS in comparison to control animals. In addition, female ALPP transgenic mice were better at delaying the rejection of male skin grafts. In an in vitro phagocytosis experiment, addition of exogenous ALPP compromised the phagocytic ability of THP-1 monocytic cells. These results indicate that excess ALPP plays a role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune functions.
Cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages as mates in tumor progression: mechanisms of crosstalk and advanced bioinformatic tools to dissect their phenotypes and interaction
Authors: Verona Francesco , Di Bella Sebastiano , Schirano Roberto , Manfredi Camilla , Angeloro Francesca , Bozzari Giulia , Todaro Matilde , Giannini Giuseppe , Stassi Giorgio , Veschi Veronica
Published: February 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset within the tumor mass significantly contributing to cancer progression through dysregulation of various oncogenic pathways, driving tumor growth, chemoresistance and metastasis formation. The aggressive behavior of CSCs is guided by several intracellular signaling pathways such as WNT, NF-kappa-B, NOTCH, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT, PI3K/AKT1/MTOR, TGF/SMAD, PPAR and MAPK kinases, as well as extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, and extracellular signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, pro-angiogenetic and growth factors, which finely regulate CSC phenotype. In this scenario, tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key player in the establishment of a permissive tumor niche, where CSCs engage in intricate communications with diverse immune cells. The “oncogenic” immune cells are mainly represented by B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Among immune cells, macrophages exhibit a more plastic and adaptable phenotype due to their different subpopulations, which are characterized by both immunosuppressive and inflammatory phenotypes. Specifically, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) create an immunosuppressive milieu through the production of a plethora of paracrine factors (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, CCL1, CCL18) promoting the acquisition by CSCs of a stem-like, invasive and metastatic phenotype. TAMs have demonstrated the ability to communicate with CSCs via direct ligand/receptor (such as CD90/CD11b, LSECtin/BTN3A3, EPHA4/Ephrin) interaction. On the other hand, CSCs exhibited their capacity to influence immune cells, creating a favorable microenvironment for cancer progression. Interestingly, the bidirectional influence of CSCs and TME leads to an epigenetic reprogramming which sustains malignant transformation. Nowadays, the integration of biological and computational data obtained by cutting-edge technologies (single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, trajectory analysis) has significantly improved the comprehension of the biunivocal multicellular dialogue, providing a comprehensive view of the heterogeneity and dynamics of CSCs, and uncovering alternative mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, the combination of biology and computational data will lead to the development of innovative target therapies dampening CSC-TME interaction. Here, we aim to elucidate the most recent insights on CSCs biology and their complex interactions with TME immune cells, specifically TAMs, tracing an exhaustive scenario from the primary tumor to metastasis formation.
The association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Gu Huayan , Zhu Teng , Ding JiaLing , Yang Zhi , Lu Yiqiao , Guo Guilong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study efforts to explore the association between sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and physical function, and clinical outcomes in women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods and materials

This retrospective study included women diagnosed with TNBC who received breast surgery from December 2012 to December 2018. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is utilized to evaluate sarcopenia, which was quantified by the cross-sectional area of muscle at the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are the endpoints. The association of sarcopenia with DFS and OS was statistically analyzed.

Results

The study included 130 women in all, with a median age of 55 years (median follow-up, 53 months). Among them, 78 (58.5%) women had sarcopenia (SMI <28.01). 38 patients (29.2%) died and 49 patients (37.7%) experienced a recurrence of breast cancer throughout the follow-up period. Sarcopenia was demonstrated to be a significant predictive factor for both OS (HR,2.885; 95% CI, 1.349–6.169; p = 0.006) and DFS (HR,3.121; 95% CI, 1.578–6.175; p = 0.001) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. There was no significant correlation seen between body mass index and either DFS (p = 0.156) or OS (P = 0.264). Logistic regression model further revealed that sarcopenia was a prognostic factor that was independently associated with both DFS (p = 0.001) and OS (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Among women with TNBC, sarcopenia is associated with worse clinical outcomes. These patients with high risk might be candidates for individual programmed exercise and diet interventions to optimize survival outcomes.