bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Service
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

To support the U.S. war effort in April 1917, Camp begins and actively promotes around the country a “Senior Service Corps”—local groups of executives who jointly exercise one hour a day, three days a week, to improve fitness and relieve stress from war-induced overwork. In Washington, DC, he obtains some cabinet-level participation. He advocates his exercise ideas for naval service personnel and is appointed to the Navy Commission on Training Camp activities as director of athletics. Besides supervising football and other sports contests, he develops an exercise program he calls the “Daily Dozen,” consisting of twelve different exercises that can be done in a few minutes without exhausting the exerciser. After the war, Camp writes magazine articles and books to promote nationwide civilian physical fitness, including promoting the Daily Dozen to wide use. He also promotes playground development as well as golf for adults, including advocating more municipal golf courses for the general population.
Tipping Point
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Two deaths occur in American football on November 25. Henry MacCracken, chancellor of New York University, where one of the fatal injuries occurred, invites the nineteen colleges NYU has played since 1895 to a conference on December 8, aiming to abolish or at least reform American football. Camp persuades the rules committee to meet December 9, the day after the MacCracken conference, and develops a plan for Yale’s position during that meeting. While Camp is out of town, Alice communicates the plan to Yale’s President Hadley, who summarizes it in a memo and apparently approves. Roosevelt meets with Harvard’s coach and appears supportive of unspecified actions being taken at Harvard (possibly, as later events suggest, proposals being developed by Harvard’s special committee).
The Taste of Home
Authors: Alcalde M. Cristina
Published: January 2019

This chapter invites us to reflect on some of the forms of exclusion and privilege examined in earlier chapters in the more mundane yet increasingly central space of food in constructions of Peruvianness. It discusses how a new, cosmopolitan image of Peruvians that comes out of recent nation-branding projects and culinary representations legitimizes the privileges and high social status middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians seek to maintain abroad. Rather than unite Peruvians across class differences, the gastronomic boom and its manifestations in practice reinforce social hierarchies in which middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians are at the top--therefore also reflecting the sort of exclusionary cosmopolitanism is argued is central to middle and upper-class Peruvian lives.
The Negative
Authors: Howard Yetta
Published: January 2019

This book’s conclusion epitomizes this book’s claims with an analysis of Lisa Cholodenko’s High Art (1998), a film falling under New Queer Cinema’s non-redemptive, underground narratives of queerness. Ugliness as the negative operates as both literal and conceptual. It refers to an inherent erotic tangibility in older media processes of photographic documentation—the use of negatives—and it describes the ways that lesbian desire becomes defined through heroin addiction. This chapter shows how queer erotics communicates as a photographic negative, that is, a desire paradigm without the ability to be properly “developed.” The deeply counterintuitive possibilities of ugliness here reinforce the book’s larger argument about the importance of nondominant expressions of difference that queer female sexuality requires.
Celin, the Romantic
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron
Published: January 2019

Celin is the eldest of the Romero brothers and was delegated by Celedonio to give Pepe and Angel their early training. Though a born leader, his outstanding trait is a persistent nostalgia for the Spain of his childhood, for its traditional culture and way of life. His romantic temperament influences his taste in repertoire, with a predilection for the Spanish classics of Albéniz, Granados, Torroba, and Rodrigo, works that exude the atmosphere of his native land as he experienced it while coming of age in Málaga.
The Primitive Ozarks
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: January 2019

Chapter 1 briefly charts the prehistory of the Ozark uplift, including the natural history of the creation of the St. Francis Mountains at the core of the region and the severely eroded plateau that surrounds them. This chapter also charts the arrival of homo sapiens and their development through the various epochs identified by anthropologists. In spite of myths and exaggerations such as the Bluff Dwellers, the prehistoric peoples of the Ozarks tended to follow the broad contours of development noted elsewhere on the continent.
Introduction
Authors: Green Alexandra
Published: January 2019

Step into a Burmese temple from the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries and you are surrounded by a riot of color and imagery. The interior walls and ceilings are completely covered with paintings. You see bright reds and greens if you are in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and reds and a brilliant turquoise from the late eighteenth and into the early nineteenth century. The imagery ranges from guardian figures, protective diagrams, and scenes of hell to textile patterns and representations of Buddhist biography. Large-scale deities and ogres, numerous registers filled with figures, landscape scenery, and buildings, and floral-geometric patterning occupy the space around a Buddha image or images that face east or are set around a central pillar....
A Formula to Honor the Buddha
Authors: Green Alexandra
Published: January 2019

This chapter establishes the standardization of the wall paintings in terms of painting style, subject matter, and detail, and determine the major social, political, and religious ideas that contributed to the production of the wall paintings and provided a rationale for the standardized format. The murals evince exceptional consistency in choice of subject matter, representation of imagery, and arrangement within an architectural space across the central zone from the late seventeenth to early nineteenth centuries. Each temple contains variations in style, modes of representation, and design, yet all sites draw upon an established group of structures and material so that the differences reveal continuities in subject matter and organization diachronically and synchronically. Although the subject matter of the wall paintings appears to comprise an extensive body of material, the focus upon a specific repertoire for more than a century and the fact that it falls within narrow thematic parameters – the centrality of Gotama, how to worship him, and the power that emanates from spiritual awakening – demonstrates the religious and social constraints placed upon it.
Conclusion
Authors: Green Alexandra
Published: January 2019

Burmese wall painting sites from the late seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries housed a specific body of material that was sufficiently relevant to Burmese Buddhist concepts, beliefs, and practices that it was maintained in a standardized format over the course of a “long” century. In these temples, biography, textile patterns, cosmology, and protective and ritual imagery located the murals within contemporary culture where repetition provided religious, social, and political authentication for the Burmese Buddhist community. This type of display created an appropriate space in which to house and honor a Buddha image or images, memorialized the Buddha, and codified a visual liturgy,...
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF COMPROMISING LEDGER SYSTEM BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Mekić Edis , Purković Safet , Lekpek Ahmedin
Published: January 2019

Modern application of the blockchain technology is the center of attention of technology and economy sectors. Proper usage of blockchain is based on peer to peer (P2P) network to coordinate a worldwide, universal ledger where all transactions on the network are recorded. In order to provide security and veracity of ledger system blockchain systems uses cryptographic hash function. By hashing the block sent by the member of P2P network and checking if it still fits the pattern for the next block, the network can easily prove that the calculating machine did in fact find coded solution of function. Before adding data received on this way majority of the machines on the network must provide consensual confirmation of transaction. this confirmation must be confirmed with at least 51% of machines in the system. This is first and most analyzed vulnerability of this type of ledger systems based on blockchain. In this research we analyzed cost benefit analysis for implementation of the proposed attack on three popular block chain systems, and proved that investment in equipment for conducting this type f attack is not beneficial for potential attacker.
Listening to the world. Sound, Media and Intermediality in Contemporary Sound Art.
Authors: Vandsoe Anette
Published: January 2019

One of the newer tendencies in contemporary sound art is the use of scientific modes of data collection through laboratory set ups or field recordings, as it is for instance seen in media artist Anne Niemetz' and nano-scientist Andrew Pelling's The Dark Side of the Cell (2004) or Katie Egan and Joe Davies Audio Microscope (2000). This article tries to describe how the sound experience is conditioned by such art projects. The main argument in the article is that in such art projects we are not just experiencing ‘the world’, ‘the sound’, ‘the technology’ or ‘the listening’ but the mediating gesture happening between these positions. In order to describe this complex mediating operation the article uses a variety of media and intermedial theory particularly Lars Elleströms (Elleström, 2010) distinctions between qualified, basic and technical media. The latter is used to describe how the intermediality of such sound art projects is not just between conventional medias of art – as for instance text and sound – but between very different media aspects such as “sound” and “microphone” and “art”. On behalf of such an analysis the article claims that these art projects can be seen as an articulation of an auditory turn, in which sound no longer appears to be a transparent channel between us and the world, but rather a media conditioning that which is experienced.
The Body of Sound: Sounding out the History of Science
Authors: Schulze Holger
Published: January 2019

Sound affects and pervades our body in a physical as well as a phenomenological sense: a notion that may sound fairly trivial today. But for a long time in Western history ‘sound’ was no scientific entity. It was looked upon merely as the lower, material appearance of truly higher forces: of more ephemeral, angel-, spirit- or godlike structures – and later of compositional knowledge. To be interested in sound was to be defamed as being unscientific, noncompositional, unmanly. Which steps were taken historically that gradually gave sound the character of a scientific entity? This article moves along recent science history: since the nineteenth century when the physicality of sound and later the corporeality of sonic experiences were first discovered and tentatively described. Exemplary studies from the science history of acoustics, musicology and anthropology of the senses are analysed and restudied – from Hermann von Helmholtz to Michel Serres. Even today, we may ask ourselves: What would an auditorily-founded research be like? Could there be a field of sensory research – via sensing sound?
Sound And Stasis in Pictorial Poetry
Authors: Tornborg Emma
Published: January 2019

In this article I investigate how various representations of sound influence temporality and imagery in pictorial poetry. Literary pictorialism can be defined as a phenomenon that occurs when the fictional reality, psychological or physical, in a text is represented as image. A pictorial poem often revolves around one single image and the poem’s subject matter, a scene or a landscape for example, is described as silent and static; the poem is composed in a way that can lead the reader to create a stable mental image of its subject matter. The introduction of sound into such a poem can have various effects; one being that the static mood of the poem is interrupted. It can have other results as well, depending on the kind of sound. Sound can, for example, be represented as a concrete and tangible object, in which case it becomes part of the visual scene represented in the poem. A cognitive approach is used to illustrate and explain the relation between sound and sight in pictorial poetry.
Audio logo recognition, reduced articulation and coding orientation: Rudiments of quantitative research integrating branding theory, social semiotics and music psychology
Authors: Bonde Anders , Hansen Allan Grutt
Published: January 2019

In this paper we explore an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for the analysis of corporate audio logos and their effectiveness regarding recognisability and identification. This is done by combining three different academic disciplines: 1) social semiotics, 2) branding theory and 3) music psychology. Admittedly, the idea of integrating sonic semiotics with marketing or branding has been proposed elsewhere (cf. Jekosch, 2005; Arning & Gordon, 2006; Winter, 2011), though it appears novel to apply this cross-disciplinary field from a social-semiotic perspective while, at the same time, focusing on musicological descriptors. We consider as a starting point Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (1996, 2006) conceptualisation of ‘modality’, which is central to their ‘visual grammar’ theory and subsequently extended to auditory expressions such as spoken language, music and sound effects (Van Leeuwen, 1999). While originally developed on the basis of linguistics and systemic-functional grammar (Halliday, 1978, 1985) and further reinforced by theories of ‘intersemiotic translation’ (cf. Jakobson, 1959; Eco, 2001) and ‘coding orientation’ (Bernstein, 1971, 1981), Kress and Van Leeuwen’s idea of modality is in this paper connected to notions of brand recognisability and brand identification, thus resulting in the concept of ‘Reduced Articulation Form’ (RAF). The concept has been tested empirically through a survey of 137 upper secondary school students. On the basis of a conditioning experiment, manipulating five existing audio logos in terms of tempo, rhythm, pitch and timbre, the students filled out a structured questionnaire and assessed at which condition they were able to recognise the logos and the corresponding brands. The results indicated that pitch is a much more recognisable trait than rhythm. Also, while timbre turned out to be a decisive element, RAF did actually cause logo and brand recognition in a substantial way. Finally, there seems to be a connection between the level of melodic distinctiveness and logo and brand recognition. The empirical findings are interpreted and discussed in light of the theoretical framework and the concept of coding orientation.
Everything that arises does not converge: the audiovisual and the incomplete
Authors: Bassett Caroline
Published: January 2019

Computational culture is often explored through discourses of completion and in terms of the complete and this bias extends to accounts exploring new media and the senses, where it may be expressed in terms of priority as an assertion of the ‘proper’ ratio of the senses. In response this article explores the aesthetics of the incomplete, the latter understood as an intrinsic element of new media culture rather than an exception. It begins with claims that new media are essentially (ontologically) sonic, reading this in contrast to the New Aesthetic and visual glitch and focussing on the consequences of the NA’s fierce concentration on the visual. This frames a consideration of sonic glitch in a public sound art work in which audiovisual technologies are reprogrammed to break down language – and open up a form of common space. The article concludes that the incomplete can be productively viewed as an intrinsic part of the contemporary digital formation: something ontologically given, but also something invoked, worked with and used in different ways. An issue for sound art, in this context, is to find ways to intervene in the incomplete rather than let it become (another) site for the reflection and activation of existing industrial values.
Sound Mix: The Framing of Multi-Sensory Connections in Urban Culture
Authors: Bull Michael
Published: January 2019

The music I listened to on my iPod consisted of upbeat tunes which make me cheery and positive for the day ahead such as Rihanna –“Diamonds,” One Direction – “Live while we’re young,” Nicki Minaj –“Va Va Voom,” Angel – “Wonderful” and Simple Plan – “Summer Paradise.” These songs make me more focused. I felt I needed some music to inspire me for the day. The journey to work makes me very bored. This is why I feel the need to distract myself with multiple technologies. When I text people and use the Internet on my journey this stops me from being bored. I’m socializing and making use of my spare time. I often feel lonely when I travel so by using my iPhone and iPod this helps me remain happy and connected to people. (Smart-phone user).“It’s like playing a single game every day but always sticking at the same level.” (Drone operative)“The thing about 9/11 is that it’s kind of an artwork in its own right. It was wicked, ut it was devised in this way for this kind of impact. It was devised visually…. (It as) visually stunning… You’ve got to hand it to them on some level because they’ve chieved something which nobody would have ever have thought possible, especially to a country as big as America…So on one level they kind of need congratulating, which a lot of people shy away from, which is a very dangerous thing.” (Damien Hirst. BBC News Online)
Channels
Authors: Connor Steven
Published: January 2019

What follows is a meditation on a metaphor that continues to provide a way of conceiving our relation to the space of media. It may seem puzzling that I spend as long as I am going to thinking about the prehistory of the idea of the channel in non-communicative contexts. My offer is to try to measure the continuing force of the literality, whatever that may be, of the idea of a channel. Towards the end, I will offer some reflections on the dissolution of the idea of the channel, or of the spatial disposition that has previously constrained what a channel is or can do. I will be saying that the channel depends not upon broadband expression, but on its low bandwidth, on the fact that data must be squeezed through a narrow pipe. My proposition is that decompression of data, the removal of this constraint means a net loss rather than a net gain of information. With no resistance, you can have very high voltage with no amperage. Those of you who want to get quickly to the payload of this piece should scroll through to the last 15 minutes or so. But you can’t if you are istening to this, because this talk is itself a narrow pipe. And, if you could, you would get less information, not more, because there would be less noise for it to have overcome.
The Dichtung und Rundfunk Conference: Medial Configurations of Speech Networks
Authors: De Beun Cyril
Published: January 2019

Amid the sociopolitical turmoil of 1920s Germany, speech delivery rapidly became a popular practice among writers. Many speeches were given in (semi-)public assemblies, one striking example being the Dichtung und Rundfunk (Literature and Radio) conference. Although attended by significant writers and radio pioneers, this conference has received little scru- tiny in the literature so far. This article seeks to fill this gap by investigating the communica- tive characteristics of the speeches that were held there. In the resulting examination, the Dichtung und Rundfunk conference is categorised as a network of interacting speeches. Its fundamental ‘speech dialogues’ lent a sense of communicative directness to the conference. However, this complex network required a discursive lingua franca to allow a direct confron- tation between the differing, if not opposing, views that were expressed by the speakers. This common code is identified through the use of Link’s interdiscourse theory, which shows the interdiscursive language to be the collective symbol of radio or, indeed, the conference theme itself. In addition, the article traces the interaction between speeches in the network back to the essence of any single writer’s speech. In essence, the speech connects culture and, more specifi- cally, literature to society. This in-between position resembles the function of interdiscourses, which reintegrate the segmented fields of societies and the specialised discourses associated with them. Thus, the Dichtung und Rundfunk conference serves as a test case for a study of the triangular relationship between the writer’s speech, new media and interdiscourses. This study ultimately comes to the conclusion that the writer’s speech operates as one of the most interdiscursive platforms for the exchange of opinions.
De Quincey’s acoustemology
Authors: Stevenson Ian
Published: January 2019

This article reports on a reading of aspects of sound and knowledge in the writings of English essayist Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859). The article develops the concept of the sonic effect as it emerges in de Quincey’s sonic aesthetics. This is supported by a summary of de Quincey’s apparent critique of Kantian understanding and judgement as it relates to sound. The historical development of notions of effect contemporary to de Quincey is explored, and the parallels between his use of sound and subsequent sonic design in crime fiction and the development of audiovisual drama in general are considered. Three key sound effects: the knock, the sigh and the solemn wind are developed and analysed by de Quincey and are shown to be part of a unique de Quincian acoustemology. The research in this article formed the initial phase of a larger practice-based research project culminating in a new sound design for a hybrid performance-installation work.
Alarm fatigue in the ward: An acoustical problem?
Authors: Kristensen Michael Sonne , Edworthy Judy , Özcan Elif
Published: January 2019

This article addresses the need of including acoustical perspectives in the debate on alarm fatigue within the healthcare domain. We show how conceptualisations and proposed solutions to alarm fatigue are unequally distributed across what could be called the ‘alarm chain’: a generic model of the core structural elements and dynamic relations that constitute any alarm scenario. A focal point in the alarm chain – the ‘alarm mediation cleft’ – seems to divide the alarm fatigue literature from the segment of the alarm literature that deals with auditory alarm design. The current healthcare discourse on alarm fatigue is centred around the ‘premediated alarm phase’, which has the consequence of an unfortunate dichotomous approach to the functionality of sound. We address some shortcomings of this approach and outline some methodological implications and potentials of searching for signs of alarm fatigue in the ‘post-mediated alarm phase’.
The Impressionist Advertisement
Authors: Matz Jesse
Published: January 2019

Explains impressionism's development into advertising, in the dynamics of attention and distraction through which advertising achieved its modern effectiveness.
Thinking Medium
Authors: Matz Jesse
Published: January 2019

The rhetoric of impressionism in “popular cognition”—popularized versions of cognitive psychology in which the “impression” enables idealization of certain styles of human understanding; in best-selling books by Malcolm Gladwell, Oliver Sacks and others as well as memoirs and fictions of autism (including Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident).
Behind the Curtain
Authors: Fraiman Susan
Published: January 2019

Develops a reading of Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton (1848) that shifts the discussion of this industrial novel from waged to unwaged industry, from the masculinized factory floor to the feminized workplace of the home. Explores its warmly detailed portrayal of domestic labor in a Victorian working-class community—from preparing food and sewing curtains to caring for children, the sick, and the dying. Further considers the novel’s many amateurs: scientists, firefighters, sleuths, sick-nurses, and herbalists. Supplements Elaine Freedgood’s reading of the Bartons’ cotton curtains to highlight the female labor of sewing them and, beyond their decorative function, their assertion of a working-class right to privacy.
Domesticity in Extremis
Authors: Fraiman Susan
Published: January 2019

Calls on non-fictional works across several genres—journalistic accounts, a memoir, ethnographies, and Marc Singer’s film Dark Days (2000)—to explore domesticity in the context of homelessness. Argues that domesticity is not absent for this population so much as it is broken, embattled, and reinvented. Looks at homeless individuals and communities who struggle to improvise such domestic elements as safety, privacy, storage, routine, intimacy, and kinship.
Introduction
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

In this introductory chapter, I first acquaint readers with the political and social context of healthy marriage policy and important debates over its implementation, including those about how marriage is implicated in inequality and the efficacy of relationship skills programs. Next, I introduce Thriving Families, my primary case study, and describe the methods I used to study the implementation of healthy marriage programs. I conclude with a discussion of the book’s scope and an outline of the remaining chapters.
Men, Money, and Marriageability
Authors: Randles Jennifer M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyzes how the Thriving Families classes encouraged marriage by promoting what I call marital masculinity. This is the idea that, for men, marriage often comes before rather than after financial success and best encourages low-income fathers to become manly, successful providers by inspiring them to work harder and earn more money. The program targeted fathers’ masculine identities in two ways: first by emasculating fathers who merely provide financially for their children, and secondly by promoting a highly gendered idea of men’s caregiving by encouraging dads to focus on physical play and male role-modeling.
Spiritual Care
Authors: Callahan Ann M.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 6 describes the purpose of spiritual care, spiritual care models across disciplines, and utility of the relational model for spiritually-sensitive hospice social work. The relational model for spiritually-sensitive hospice social work is proposed as a means of not only facilitating patient access to spiritual support, but also as a form of spiritual care. This model is believed to help hospice workers maximize opportunities to enhance the spiritual quality of care through mindful intervention, which is particularly important when patients present with spiritual needs that require immediate care. Despite being a promising model for intervention, however, the chapter ends by encouraging caution given the unique dynamics that can emerge in the process of providing spiritual care, some of which may not be controlled through skilled intervention.
Spiritual Sensitivity
Authors: Callahan Ann M.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 7 examines how spiritually-sensitive hospice social work can be a form of spiritual care in line with professional values and ethics as well as practice skills and roles. This assumes that hospice social workers are attuned to a patient’s unique spiritual needs and/or experience of spiritual suffering as well as the spiritual resources patients prefer. This chapter describes how spiritually-sensitive hospice social work can be a form of spiritual care provided patients experience it as being spiritually supportive. Spiritual care may be indirect requiring the application of generalist skills to cultivate a spiritually sensitive therapeutic relationship or direct requiring the additional application of advanced generalist and/or clinical skills for spiritual care like in the conduct of a formal spiritual assessment.
The Porosity of the Body
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

Daoist visualization meditations offer an insight into how the divide between body and world can be overcome. They evoke an intimate, even erotic, connection between the inner landscape of the body and the outer landscape of mountains and rivers. This connection is captured by the Daoist term “pervasion” which denotes the fundamental connective process by which the cosmos floods into the body and the body into the cosmos.
From Modernity to Sustainability
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2019

Modernity tends to frame religion as private spirituality and nature as objective materiality, each divorced from the other. Sinological scholarship on Daoism has tended to work within this framework and as a result has produced understandings of Daoism based on the categories of religion, philosophy, nature and culture that are external to the tradition itself. An alternative to the ordering framework of modern scholarship on China and Chinese religions is scholarship produced from a paradigm of sustainability.
Reproductive Futurism, Lee Edelman, and Reproductive Rights
Authors: Deutscher Penelope
Published: January 2019

Reconsiders queer theorist Lee Edelman’s critique of reproductive futurism from a feminist perspective. Brings to light a little discussed dimension of Edelman’s celebrated work No future. Argues that Edelman’s work has important implications for not only for a feminist critique of reproduction futurism, but also for a critique of reproduction futurism in the history of feminism.
The Mosque Controversies
Authors: Marzouki Nadia
Published: January 2019

The second chapter analyzes the different controversies surrounding the construction of mosques and examine the opposition between, on the one hand, the legal logic and, on the other, the repertoire of emotions and moralizing that is central to the arguments of a large portion of the public.
The Anti-Sharia Movement
Authors: Marzouki Nadia
Published: January 2019

Chapter three considers the anti-sharia movement that seeks to banish from the courts all reference to Islamic law and ask about the particular conception of democracy that underlies this exceptional and unconstitutional treatment of Muslims.
Copyright and the Commons
Authors: Balsom Erika
Published: January 2019

This chapter interrogates how artists’ moving image has grappled with the increased ridigification of copyright that has occurred over the last two decades. Many artists champion the freedom to reuse copyrighted materials, but fail to interrogate the particular circumstances that it make possible for them to do so without retribution, while simultaneously avoiding an engagement with the significant encroachments on fair use and the public domain that have been implemented as part of new copyright legislation that seeks to control the unruliness of digital reproduction. As a counterpoint to such positions, this chapter examines Ben White and Eileen Simpson’s Struggle in Jerash (2009), a work made by repurposing a public domain film of the same title made in 1957 in Jordan. Simpson and White contest the increasing privatization of visual culture, insisting on the wealth of the cultural commons precisely as it is under threat.
The Tongue
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

When taking the first sip, the key questions for neuroenology are, first, how does the wine stimulate the taste and mouth-feel systems in the mouth, and second, how does it give rise to volatiles that dominate the wine taste through retronasal smell. The mechanics of the sip and functions of the saliva are described.
Orthonasal Smell
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

The olfactory cortex is a pattern recognizer, changing the image from a sensory representation to an internal “sensory object”. In this state it represents individual components of the aroma molecules, but also qualities of the aroma as a merged object. The perception in the wine taster’s brain has both these qualities, challenging the ability to make fine distinctions. This conscious perception is believed to arise at the highest levels in the frontal lobes, where circuits enable the brain to be flexible in learning to prefer different wines.
Retronasal Smell
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

We compare the initial experience of the aroma of the wine in the glass with the experience of the retronasal aroma as it contributes to the full flavor of the wine in the mouth and throat. We discuss the controversy over whether retronasal smell is less sensitive than orthonasal smell, and what could be the reasons. The processing of retronasal smell images is described from the olfactory receptors to the olfactory bulb, olfactory cortex, and highest cortical levels.
Practical Applications of Neuroenology to the Pleasure of Wine Tasting
Authors: Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a summary of the contents of the book through new studies, including consumers’ preferences in the alcohol content of wines; whether price impacts pleasure; and how experts in wine have different taste experiences than others.
Adjustments During the First few Days
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

Everything is different in space, so travelers will need to learn to use their muscles again, to live through the nausea of Space Adaptation Syndrome, and to adjust to their bodies changing shape and length.
Long-Term Physical Adjustments to Space
Authors: Comins Neil F.
Published: January 2019

While Chapter 6 deals with short-term adjustments, there are also long term adjustments to traveling in space, including loss of bone and muscle mass, the need for different medicine regimens, adjusting to the environment and its cycles of sounds, vibrations, and lights. Learning to sleep in microgravity. Adjusting to the effects of cosmic rays, which cause flashes of light.
Managing Collective Representations
Authors: Autry Robyn
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 treats the museum not only as a site of memory, but also as a site of employment. It considers how the collective representations require management over time, focusing on some of the banal or profane dimensions of memory work: the budgets, the political wrangling, staff composition and training, and construction costs and woes. Museum curators and directors must contend with a cluster of political-economic and institutional factors that deeply determine their capacity to represent the past. I found that all the museums I studied faced related concerns about funding, attendance, membership development, and exhibition design.
Europeans
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the status of “strong” foreigners, the ideal type best served by the consular justice system. This class—white, wealthy, and Christian—was able to exercise extensive civil and political rights in Alexandria; socially, they were identified as “Europeans.” Meanwhile, their standing was compromised by large numbers of poor and unruly compatriots. Maltese British subjects exemplified the subaltern burden that accompanied the capitulations.
Locals
Authors: Hanley Will
Published: January 2019

The public sphere of the bourgeois effendiya, reflected in the sources that dominate the historiography Egypt before World War One, engaged only a narrow set of ideas about political membership. But police and legal records show that many residents of Egypt relied on a more generic and flexible label—“local”—which they refined in contradistinction to foreign nationalities. The term had a clear social meaning, particularly in imperial context, where it was a polite synonym of “native.” Localness began to gather a legal garb, particularly in the sphere of social rights such as education and government employment, until it began to resemble a nationality. This chapter argues that one key to explaining Egypt’s political quiescence between 1882 and 1919 is recognizing identity formation taking place under the banner of “local” status, rather than the more familiar category of Egyptian national citizen, which emerged only in the decades that followed.
Afterword
Authors: Williams Terry
Published: January 2019

I sing sometimes for the war that I fight,

’cause every tool is a weapon, if you hold it right.

—Ani DiFranco, “My IQ”

American kids are losing ground, showing all the symptoms of social, parental, and personal neglect. Many are left to fend for themselves, and barely manage. Teenage suicides continue and grown-ups do not seem to be getting the point. Our collective failure to confront the rate at which our teens are self-destructing is one of the reasons I have written this book. Although school shootings have opened the nation’s eyes to youth violence and have inspired a full-scale examination, teen suicide is still shrouded in denial, though it would be difficult to find an adult in America who does not know at least one seriously troubled or disturbed teenager—either within their own family or among the families of friends or relatives. And most would probably admit that they have no idea how to understand a problem that threatens to tear the American family apart....
Pretend Genes
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 is about the peculiar, and largely mythical, model of the gene at the roots of the contemporary conception of intelligence, and exposes the flawed methods of inquiry (and results) developed around it. The chapter describes the unlikely assumptions adopted in the statistical models through which knowledge of the genes is inferred. The many misinterpretations of concepts like heritability are criticised and clarified.
How the Brain Makes Potential
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: January 2019

Chapter 6 describes how a “neural” system of intelligence emerged as more changeable environments were encountered. It contrasts the traditional mechanical and computational metaphors of brain functions (largely based on ideological preconceptions) with the emerging concepts of dynamical processes in neural networks. Only the latter can deal with rapidly changing, unpredictable environments. The chapter goes on to critique efforts to relate individual differences in IQ to differences in brain networks using MRI scanning and related methods.
Curious George Schools John Paulson
Authors: Knee Jonathan A.
Published: January 2019

John Paulson made billions by identifying mortgage bubble before the inevitable crash and put at least one of those billions into the leading US school textbook publisher, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. It is a billion that he will never see again. Paulson was one of a number of fortunate investors who lost a fortune as the fabled publisher changed hands repeatedly starting in 2001, following a relatively stable and prosperous century of operations. The failure to understand the structure of this industry and these markets, led to repeated insolvency. Poor strategies and execution combined with far too much debt being placed on the business were the culprit in this completely preventable disaster.
Bohemia
Authors: Traverso Enzo
Published: January 2019

The fourth chapter explores the melancholic relationship between Bohemia and Revolution, analyzing the works of different authors and creators, from Marx to Benjamin, from the socialist painter Gustave Courbet to Léon Trotsky exiled in Vienna. Bohemia is the realm in which the attempt of “winning the energies of intoxication for revolution” (Benjamin on Surrealism) merged in a peculiar osmosis with the despair of defeat and the pariah existence of aesthetic and political outsiders.
Adorno and Benjamin
Authors: Traverso Enzo
Published: January 2019

The sixth chapter interprets the correspondence between Adorno and Benjamin, one of the most poignant and interesting expressions of Marxist criticism in the first half of the twentieth century. It stresses the discrepancy between two different forms of intellectual and political melancholy: on the one hand, a messianic reinterpretation of Marxism (Benjamin); on the other hand, a contemplative posture of dialectical criticism resigned to the advent of universal reification (Adorno).
Come to Work
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

The Broom of the System offers a covert dialogue with Reagan’s consolidation of the neoliberal agenda around a revived version of the Protestant call to work in the 1980s, driven by fears of the effects of a service economy. I unpack this novel’s preoccupation with work, other (less reliable) forms of creating and accruing value, and connected issues of language use: my foci include the leisure-based national literature represented by Rick Vigorous, the ersatz topoi of Protestantism and self-reliance embodied by Governor Zusatz and Reverend Sykes, and the countering force of Lenore Beadsman, importantly named (in what I show to be Wallace’s continual play with initials) for the pound, unit of weight, currency, and work. Lenore is associated with value, clarity, ground, the balance scale of justice, and, in a key early image of contingency in art, the miraculous value of lottery tickets.
His Capital Flush
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

This chapter treats Oblivion as a transitional work and Wallace’s most despairing book – despairing because it is the first fiction collection written entirely after Infinite Jest’s success, but also because he largely abandons certain features of “payoff” for a reader’s “work” that have dictated his maneuvers from Broom forward. I show Wallace fine-tuning this new aesthetic in a reading of moral, aesthetic, and informational values in the important late essay “Deciderization.” In addition to finding new dimensions in his representation of coins and social values, particularly in “Mister Squishy” and “The Soul is Not a Smithy,” this chapter connects Wallace’s new skepticism about work to his increasingly intricate readings of social institutions within a neoliberal universe: I extend chapter 2’s reading of the New Deal into the twenty-first century by revealing Wallace’s critiques of the health insurance industry in “Smithy,” “Oblivion,” and, in a brief flash-forward appropriate to the porous borders between late Wallace works, The Pale King. The chapter concludes with an extended reading of the workless and weightless of “The Suffering Channel.”
In Line for the Cash Register with Wallace
Authors: Severs Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

“THERE YOU are at the market while your items are being tallied” (PK 343). To conclude, I leave Wallace there, where he has in a certain sense been his entire career, waiting for value to resolve itself into something other than the price tag on a commodity. His work is often quite Beckettian, but there is no blasted landscape, no Godot—one waits instead for reconciliation at the cash register. From the voice of Mindy saying “Total: seventeen-fifty” (...
The Legacy of Experiment
Authors: Hurlbut J. Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Chapter 8 concludes by reflecting upon the scientific and political developments that ended the stem cell controversy of the 2000s. It argues that the most lasting consequences of this political moment lie less in the scientific and technological trajectories that it engendered, than in the imaginations—and institutions—of democracy that emerged out of it. It argues that the embryo debates reflect the dynamics of public reasoning in the United States about the meaning of emerging biotechnologies for democratic visions of progress and the good.
Benevolent Secularism
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: January 2019

How do countries reconcile religion and democracy, both at critical junctures and over time? This chapter sets out a theoretical framework linking institutions of “benevolent secularism” to maintaining what Stepan has called the twin tolerations between religion and democracy. Institutions shape preferences within religious and secular elites over the place of religion in public life, and build religious-secular and interfaith partnerships that stabilize the twin tolerations when they face new challenges over time. After setting out the theoretical framework, the chapter discusses case selection and data collection.
Secular Emergence in Senegal
Authors: Buckley David T.
Published: January 2019

How did Senegal arrive at the twin tolerations after independence from French colonial rule? This chapter the existence of benevolent secularism in Senegal’s post-World War II founding documents, and traces its impact on Senegal’s Muslim majority, Catholic minority, and secular elites. Evidence draws on communication between political and religious elites during the independence period, with special attention to communication between Léopold Sédar Senghor and Muslim and Catholic elites. The chapter closes with an examination of tensions in Senegal’s benevolent secularism manifested in the controversy over the Code de la Famille.
Implications and Recommendations
Authors: Arsenault Elizabeth Grimm
Published: January 2019

Legal, foreign policy, and operational harms call into question the narrative that the United States is better off as a result of inhumane detainee treatment. This chapter explores how the life cycle of norms applies to policy and whether a new normative consensus has been reached on the issue of detainee treatment. It concludes by offering several policy recommendations and future avenues of research for scholarship.
Decade
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that the arbitrary timespan of the decade becomes a central feature in the contemporary realist novel. In the work of Zadie Smith and Bret Easton Ellis, the decade represents the difficulty of periodizing the present in an age shaped by post-Cold War anxieties about the “end of history” and the endlessness of capitalism. In response to such anxieties, the decade provides an ambivalent but necessary way of reasserting the inevitability of historical change.
Revival
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 develops a new understanding of how to account for the revival of a genre like film noir. Because noir has haunted American culture since the 1940s, it is hard to know how we are supposed to situate or contextualize it. Reading classic noir films alongside contemporary ones, I redefine the noir genre as a prolonged study in the problem of situating ourselves in the present. Ultimately, I argue, noir’s repeated revivals compel us to rethink the very idea of the “historical situation,” and thus to expand our sense of what it means to be contemporary in the post-45 era.
Waiting
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 investigates what happens when contemporary time is felt to be a time of seemingly interminable waiting. I show how this question has become central to the contemporary detective novel, which depicts the temporality of waiting as both a symptom of and a hedge against the cultural logic of uncertainty that dominates our current risk society. Skeptical of the sense of indeterminacy that enthralls and confounds our contemporary moment, recent detective novels by Vikram Chandra, Michael Chabon, and China Miéville, I argue, use the logic of the wait to solve the mysteries of contemporary time.
Weather
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 develops a meteorological history of the western from John Ford and Sergio Corbucci to Kelly Reichardt and Takashi Miike in order to show how the twenty-first-century western adapts to the unfamiliar weather patterns, altered seasons, and ecological devastation wrought by global warming. Against both the glacial movement of geological time and the primordial history associated with the Anthropocene, the implacable presentness of the western’s weather, I argue, provides a more contemporary timescale through which to measure the current crisis of our changing climate.
How to Historicize the Present
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: January 2019

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.