bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glomus manihotis inoculation and salt stress on antioxidant and biochemical properties of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Salim Mohamad Agus
Published: December 2023

Plant productivity is often constrained by abiotic stress in the form of high salt levels. However, a symbiosis between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce the severity of the effect of salt stress on cultivated plants. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of salt stress on the antioxidant substances and biochemical parameters of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants that had been inoculated with the fungus Glomus manihotis. A factorial completely randomized design with seven replicates was used with status of inoculation by the fungus G. manihotis (inoculated vs. not inoculated) as one of factors and the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM) as the other status factor. Several parameters in the chia plants were measured including: root infection, phosphorus content, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and malondialdehyde content. The results showed that chia plants inoculated with G. manihotis (mycorrhizal plants), even under salt stress conditions, had higher phosphorus content than non-mycorrhizal plants. High salt levels reduced the percentage of root infection by the mycorrhizal fungus of G. manihotis. Under salt stress conditions, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of chia leaves were higher in mycorrhizal plants than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of mycorrhizal chia plants were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants, even though they were grown under conditions of high salt levels. The malondialdehyde content of chia plants increased with salt concentration, but decreased in chia plants inoculated with G. manihotis. The findings of this study indicate that G. manihotis inoculation is effective in reducing the effect of salt stress on chia plants.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SELECTION OF A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Krasnikov I. L. , Babichenko A. K. , Snurnykov D. V.
Published: December 2023

The relevance of studying the discipline "Databases" for students of computer and engineering specialties is determined and their special needs and emphasis in learning are shown.

The definition of the data model stored in the database is given. The features of the relational data model are considered, the main advantage of which is simplicity and accessibility for the user to understand and the availability of a fairly simple and at the same time powerful mathematical apparatus of set theory and relational algebra. The main educational elements of studying databases based on the relational data model are highlighted.

The client-server architecture of modern DBMSs is described. The advantages of client-server technologies in the process of learning to work with databases are noted.

The results of the study of the functionality of existing software products for working with databases have shown the expediency of choosing MySQL Community Edition as a training tool, which is free and in its functionality is not inferior to commercial systems by any criteria. The disadvantages of the system, which include some limitations when executing complex queries and creating analytical reports that require a high load and a large number of simultaneous queries, are not critical for training purposes. The MySQL server can be accessed both from a console client running any of the modern operating systems and from many GUI clients. The paper describes the software product MySQL Workbench Community Edition, which is offered by Oracle for free use both as part of the MySQL server and as a separate GUI client.

As a result of the study, it was concluded that the free MySQL Community Edition DBMS together with the MySQL Workbench Community Edition GUI client fully develops the competencies of students of both engineering and computer specialties in working with databases and can be used in the study of the educational component "Databases" in the context of distance education.
The external magnetic field modeling features of electrical complexes and systems before and after its compensation
Authors: Sereda Oleksandr , Korol Olena
Published: December 2023

Computer simulation of the external magnetic field of a three-phase electrical installation before and after its compensation has been carried out. The analysis of the computer simulation process of the three-pole circuit breaker external magnetic field was carried out, which made it possible to identify three features related to the selection of the direction of bypassing the circuits with phase currents, the determination of the necessary conditions for compensation of the field at a long distance, and also the calculation of the stress modulus in the control observation points under the action of the total external magnetic field of the circuits of the electrical installation and compensating sources. Calculated ratios are obtained that allow mathematical modeling of the external magnetic field of current-carrying circuits of different configurations, namely, the field of a separate current-carrying circuit, the field of circuits flowing around a three-phase current in a three-phase current system with a neutral conductor, in the case of a three-phase current system without a neutral conductor, fields of magnetic dipoles, as well as the compensating magnetic field of compensator electromagnets. It was determined that when modeling the external magnetic field, the calculation of the vector modulus of the magnetic field intensity at the point of observation and the magnetic moment of the circuit with the phase current should be carried out taking into account the pulsating components of the components that change in time according to the law of sine and cosine. Calculations confirmed that the use of an external unit of compensator electromagnets for the circuit breaker allows to reduce the impact of its external magnetic field on the microprocessor control unit of the maximum current semiconductor release by 28 units along the x and y axis and 70 units along the z axis and, thereby, prevent false activations of relay devices protection and emergency automation of low voltage electrotechnical complexes and systems.
Development of a method for recognizing the type of defect based on the results of dissolved gas analysis using a set of diagnostic criteria
Authors: Kulyk Oleksii
Published: December 2023

Ensuring a reliable supply of electricity to both the households and industry is the main task of the power industry. One of the factors that affects the operational reliability of electric power equipment is the ageing of equipment, which is observed in every country. The most used among non-destructive methods of diagnosing the condition of high-voltage oil-filled equipment is the dissolved gas analysis. Using the values of gas ratios, gas percentages, as well as the values of gas ratios to the gas with the maximum content, most methods of interpreting the results of dissolved gas analysis can recognize electrical and thermal type defects, and some methods allow to recognize also combined type defects. However, the reliability of defect recognition by different methods for the same data is significantly different. The use of only one of the diagnostic criteria to recognize defects of different types does not always allow to make the correct diagnosis. Thus, the issue of developing a method for recognizing the type of defect based on the results of the dissolved gas analysis with the simultaneous use of a set of diagnostic criteria is relevant and has practical significance. Since the values of diagnostic criteria in the diagnostic space differ for different types of defects, it is advisable to use deterministic recognition methods, in particular distance recognition methods. To recognize the type of defect, it is proposed to use the method of minimum distance to the set, which allows not only to recognize the type of defect, but also to identify the same type of object with the closest gas content and with known causes of the defect. For the practical implementation of the method, an algorithm has been developed based on the joint use of the key gas method and the ratios of characteristic gases. The given example of practical use of the developed method showed its high efficiency in comparison with the existing methods of interpreting the results of the dissolved gas analysis.
THE PLACE OF TAX MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE
Authors: Nazarova Tetjana , Shevchenko Maryna
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the methodological aspects of the theory and practice of tax management and minimization of tax risks in accordance with the current legislation under martial law. It is noted that the way out of the current economic crisis in Ukraine involves, first of all, the implementation of support measures, including deregulation of entrepreneurs and reduction of administrative pressure. The modern problems of tax mobilization, effective tax incentives for entrepreneurship development are systematized. The main essential and typological problems of state tax management, characteristic of the national scientific thought, are determined. The necessity of adaptation of foreign experience of functioning of tax management to domestic socio-economic realities is substantiated and proposals for modernization of tax management are formulated. It is proved that an important stage of state tax management is the change of traditional approaches to tax management, which were formulated in a centralized economy. As a result, there is a need to master new management methods for the integrated implementation of the fiscal and regulatory functions of taxes. The key features of the concept of tax reform proposed by the Office of the President of Ukraine are determined, its components, advantages and possible consequences are analyzed. The issues of complex solution of problems of state tax management through the prism of its functions are considered. The forecast calculation of the tax reform implementation is given. It is noted that in the conditions of war, the Ukrainian state budget has a huge deficit, which is financed by internal and external borrowings, as well as grants from friends and partners, but the expenditures related to the army are financed only by own resources. The need for a clear definition of all compensators and ways that will minimize possible risks before the introduction of any tax innovations is substantiated. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the organization of management in the state tax management is to ensure the formation of a well-established, interconnected and interdependent tax mechanism capable of effectively solving socio-economic problems of martial law and post-martial law.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES REGARDING A MARKET-ORIENTED MECHANISM FOR DEVELOPING THE POTENTIAL OF PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Authors: Paymash Hanna
Published: December 2023

Based on the study of the problems of a market-oriented mechanism for developing the potential of people with special needs, the need was formulated to provide an opportunity for harmonious social development to people with special needs to create a socially adapted environment, considering from the point of view of integrity, properties, complexity of functioning and openness to interaction with the internal and external environment. The conditions for the development of human potential and the formation of human capital, including people with special needs, are considered, which can affect the results of professional activity, ranging from the development of health care, the social sphere, the level of culture and leisure, and to the quality of housing and income of the family in which a child is brought up special needs. From the point of view of the social direction, the opinion is considered that difficulties are created by a society that does not provide for participation in the general activities of people with special needs. The need to create conditions for the learning environment, life in society, employment support, and the need to provide special requirements for the opportunity to implement the usual functions of daily activities are considered. With the attraction of investments in increasing the knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience of people with special needs, it is possible to turn human potential into a source of future income using the methods of behavioral theory, taking into account the behavior of people with special needs, their requirements, and characteristics. The strategic management of a market-oriented mechanism for developing the capacity of people with special needs requires taking into account synergies, through which the knowledge and efforts of several people will be mutually reinforced. Based on the results obtained and the generalization of the above provisions, consolidated theoretical provisions of a market-oriented mechanism for developing the potential of people with special needs are formulated. An element of scientific novelty is the development and theoretical substantiation of the conceptual approach of strategic management of market-oriented development of the potential of a person with special needs, a feature of which is the use of the provisions of the synergetic theory and taking into account the relationships that arise during the development and formation of the potential of a person with special needs in the process of interaction. The stated provisions of the conceptual approach differ from existing concepts by enriching the content and structural components, their characteristics, supplementing and expanding the subject area in relation to a person with special needs.
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Raiko Diana
Published: December 2023

The evolution of the concept of human capital from the beginning of political economic teachings to the present day is revealed. the elements of human capital and their definition by various scientists under the influence of change and transformation of economic and social relations are indicated. It is indicated that in the conditions of transition from industrial to post-industrial economy, the role of social factors of production has significantly increased. It was this that gradually gave rise to the development of the theoretical foundations of intangible forms of capital, among which human, intellectual, and social capital began to occupy a special place. The importance and, at the same time, lack of a solution to the problem of personality marketing in the economic culture of modern Ukraine is determined. The dilemma of assigning human capital to intellectual (intangible) and to material, i.e., that is the source of income and the formation of expenditure items of an individual or the company in which he works, is described. It is also emphasized the complete absence of the concept of marketing and employment management, professional growth of an individual, the so-called personal marketing, because these concepts are currently applied either to an individual political figure or to very public persons in the field of business, acting, and art. The problem of employment of people with congenital disabilities is described. Their classification and employment opportunities are disclosed. Their social significance in the system of forming economic relations, building connections at the macro-level and at the micro-level is highlighted. The combination of the institute of human development with the capabilities of people with special needs, who should develop and form the added national product, participate in its growth and distribution, is described. Regarding the professional marketing of an individual, and even more so, an individual with disabilities, there are no studies.
PROBLEMS OF SOCIALIZATION AND PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN WORKING AGE
Authors: Kuchynskyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The article describes the issue of social, professional, complex adaptation, integration of people with disabilities into socio-economic relations. It is indicated that the Ukrainian society is not ready to accept people with disabilities in the workplace after they complete the educational process and obtain a certain profession by specialty. Society is not ready, because no one has prepared it so far in the inclusive direction of accepting people with special needs. It is indicated that the acceptance of people with disabilities into society at an adult age encounters problems from both sides. On the part of society, there are no levers for the implementation of legally defined guarantees of observing the rights and freedoms of people with disabilities to obtain a workplace. On the other hand, the presence of people with disabilities in social isolation due to their constant special needs for care and guardianship affects their relationship to the real world: interest is extremely rare, the desire to be included in possible processes is almost always, ignoring society and focusing on one's own illness. often. In such conditions, the task of society is determined by the creation of an inclusive environment for the integration of people at workplaces. It was emphasized that in Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy created the platform "FREE! [employment]" and the pilot project "Helping Hand", which are aimed at creating an inclusive socio-economic space for people with disabilities. In the course of the research, general methods of scientific study were used, namely: comparison, description, observation, analogy. Also, special methods of study were applied, namely a systematic approach and structural-functional analysis, synthesis, generalization.
FEATURES OF FORMING AND USE OF INCOME OF ENTERPRISE
Authors: Falchenko Olena
Published: December 2023

In the article the brought essence over of income of enterprises which are an important financial category, which represents the good financial result of economic activity of enterprise, characterizes efficiency of production, volume and quality of mine-out products, state of the labour productivity. The income of enterprise, which is a basic financial performance of managing subject indicator and represents efficiency of work of enterprise by realization and acceptance of administrative decisions, is considered. The term of income is analysed from the point of view by scientists by scientists which interpret this concept, and also from legislatively normative base of concept of income, profits and charges of activity of enterprises, as basic components of determination of income. Factors, which influence on an income enterprises, which are divided into external factors, which do not depend on activity and internal factors, which depend on activity of enterprise, and characterize the increase of the productivity of equipment and his quality, use of progressive types of materials and perfection of technology of their treatment, acceleration of circulating of circulating money, in-plant training and the labour of personnel, decline of labour intensiveness and resource-demanding of products, improvement of organization of labour productivity and more effective use of financial resources, are educed. The main goal of profit management is the most effective ways of its formation, distribution and extraction with the aim of ensuring the sustainable growth of the enterprise and maximizing its peak value. The main tasks of the formation of the company's profit and the main tasks of managing the distribution and use of the company's profit are defined, for which there is the provision of optimal distribution and use of the company's net profit.Measures are recommended on the basis of the conducted research for the effective management of enterprise and increase of his size which beautifully will influence on activity of enterprise an income. Drawn conclusion, that an income is the main financial result of any enterprise, aim of his activity, than more income an enterprise gets on the inlaid  capital, the it works more effective
Regional features of the alcohol situation and health and demographic consequences
Authors: Loskutov D. V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: based on the results of the analysis of official statistics of medical and demographic indicators and data from a questionnaire survey on alcohol consumption, to highlight the features of alcoholization in cities and villages of the Republic of Mari El with the rationale for priority areas for reducing negative consequences. Methods. Processing of data on alcohol consumption, medical and demographic indicators, as well as the results of a survey of 403 people according to the AUDIT test was carried out using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, ANOVA multivariate analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results. About 80% of the respondents used alcoholic beverages, one in five of them in excessive quantities. With an increase in the age group of the population, the consumption of low-alcohol drinks was replaced by strong ones, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of teetotalers and a reduction in consumption in alcohol equivalent. An increase in the level of education had a positive effect on the proportion of non-drinkers and the strength of drinks consumed. Alcohol consumption among rural residents, compared with urban residents, was characterized by a high proportion of strong alcoholic beverages, with a greater prevalence of vodka and moonshine. Mortality and socially significant morbidity rates correlated with a delayed effect with the level of alcohol sales and consumption. Conclusion. One of the leading ways to reduce the risk to public health from alcohol is to reduce the consumption of strong drinks, which have a long period of negative effects.
Patellar Tendon Rupture During Postoperative Physiotherapy for Crouch Gait
Authors: Shah Maulin M. , Raibagkar Santosh , Bansal Sheenam , Jain Meet , Ponugoti Godhasiri
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

A 14-year-old adolescent girl with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy underwent bilateral distal femur extension osteotomy and patellar tendon plication. Two and a half months after surgery, during physiotherapy, she sustained mid-substance tear of the left patellar tendon. The girl was successfully managed with patellar tendon repair and augmentation with tensor fascia lata autograft.

Conclusion:

Patellar tendon rupture during rehabilitative physiotherapy after patellar tendon plication surgery is rare. Postoperative protocols in patients with cerebral palsy are crucial and should progress gradually to improve knee range of motion. This report highlights that patellar tendon repair with fascia lata augmentation yields good outcome.
Treatment of an Ulnar Fracture Bone Defect Using Heterotopic Bone Autograft
Authors: Kubiak Jeremy , Farng Eugene , Gust Madeleine , Sharpe Frances
Published: December 2023

Case:

Autologous bone grafting has wide applications for the treatment of bony defects. Generally, cancellous or corticocancellous bone grafts are used depending on the characteristics and size of the bony defect and wound bed. The use of heterotopic bone as a potential source of bone graft has not been widely reported. We present a 56-year-old right-hand–dominant male victim of dog mauling who sustained a right ulnar fracture with a 5-cm bony defect, treated with the use of heterotopic bone autograft.

Conclusion:

Heterotopic bone can be successfully used as an autograft in the treatment of bony defects.
Mountains in the Worldview of the Nahuas of Central Mexico
Authors: Hlúšek Radoslav
Published: December 2023

Mountains as reservoirs of water have always been an immanent and crucial part of the Mesoamerican ritual landscape. Considered living beings, mountains are an important component of the core part of the Native worldview, which is particularly observable in Central Mexico, a region dominated by the highest peaks in Mesoamerica. Long before the Spanish conquest, the Nahua people who live in the area adopted and developed the ancient Mesoamerican tradition of sacred mountains, ritual landscapes and the agricultural cycle and have preserved it to this day, despite the efforts of Spanish missionaries after the conquest. This paper deals with the position of mountains within the framework of Nahua ritualism, as it has been preserved in Nahua communities in Central Mexico. The aim is to point out their central role as the structural axis of the Nahua worldview, as places where rituals associated with rainmaking, fertility and the agricultural cycle are performed.
Does Service Innovation, Reputation Risk, and Word of Mouth Impact Customer Behavior in Choosing Islamic Banking? An Empirical Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Widayanti Ipuk
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. However, since Islamic banks were established in Indonesia in about 20 years, the participation of Muslims in using Islamic banks is relatively low. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out the impact of service innovation, reputation risk, and word of mouth on customer behavior in choosing Islamic banks as a place for financing, investing, and so on. The research method uses quantitative. with an experimental and survey approach. Probability sampling of 250 questionnaires distributed to customers throughout Indonesia. The research findings show that service innovation and reputation risk have good external validity to the culture of Indonesian society. The most interesting finding is that the word-of-mouth variable greatly increases customer intention and participation in choosing an Islamic bank. Therefore, this research recommends targeting community leaders or opinion leaders to explain Islamic banking to the whole community.
Reflection of Local Wisdom Values behind Accounting Practices in Tumbilotohe Culture
Authors: Thalib Mohamad Anwar , Briando Bobby
Published: December 2023

This study explores the integration of local wisdom into accounting practices in the Tumbilotohe culture, framed within an Islamic paradigm and using an Islamic ethnomethodological approach. Data were collected through structured interviews, passive participant observation, and documentary analysis using a qualitative methodology. These were analyzed through the stages of charity, knowledge, faith, revelation information, and courtesy. The findings reveal that the Tumbilotohe Implementation Committee self-funded its activities through accounting practices that are deeply intertwined with values of sincerity, struggle, and sacrifice that are emblematic of the Gorontalo tribe's cultural and Islamic traditions. Central to these traditions is the vow "batanga pomaya, nyawa podungalo" (the self is devoted, life is at stake), which is part of the "Paduma" - five sacred agreements symbolizing the tribe's commitment to their land, including prioritizing religion, glorifying the land, devoting oneself to the land, sacrificing property, and risking life. The study concludes that accounting practices in the Tumbilotohe cultural celebration transcend mere financial transactions and are significantly influenced by local wisdom and religious values. This reflects the community's commitment to preserving their culture and embodying Paduma principles in organizing and defending their heritage, and provides a nuanced understanding of the role of cultural and religious values in shaping accounting practices in the Gorontalo community.
What Drives Renewable Energy Consumption in the ASEAN Countries? A Comprehensive Analysis of the Key Determinants and the Environmental Concerns
Authors: Yusoff Nora Yusma Mohamed , Aris Hazleen , Nasiruddin Wan Hafizuddin Mohd , Rusli Ahmad Khusyairi Che , Yurnaidi Zulfikar , Safrina Rika , Utama Nuki Agya , Rosalia Silvira Ayu
Published: December 2023

This study examines the macroeconomic factors that affect the consumption of renewable energy and environment in six ASEAN countries. The Pooled Mean Group-Auto-Regressive Lag (PMG-ARDL) model analyses 1990–2019 data. The results indicate that renewable energy use exhibits a positive co-integration with GDP across six ASEAN countries, indicating a long-term relationship. According to PMG, economic growth promotes the adoption of renewable energy in all six ASEAN countries. While, foreign direct investment (FDI), carbon emissions, and population exert a detrimental influence on the demand for renewable energy. In countries with insufficient renewable energy supplies, FDI may be discouraged by the negative association between renewable energy use and FDI. The studies also showed that pollution of environmental via carbon emissions does not incentivize industries to allocate resources towards renewable energy investments. The excessive dependence on fossil fuels poses a hindrance to investment in renewable energy within the ASEAN region. Thus, analysing macroeconomic characteristics and the environmental concerns of ASEAN that support the adoption of renewable energy can have important policy implications, particularly in the pursuit of achieving Net Zero Emissions. The comprehensive examination can provide valuable insights to policymakers, especially when assessing renewable energy policy targets. This can ultimately result in more sustainable and environmentally conscious decision-making for the region's energy future.
JEL Classification
Multi-decadal trend analysis and forest disturbance assessment of European tree species: concerning signs of a subtle shift
Authors: Bonannella Carmelo , Parente Leandro , de Bruin Sytze , Herold Martin
Published: December 2023

Climate change poses a significant threat to the distribution and composition of forest tree species worldwide. European forest tree species’ range is expected to shift to cope with the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, pests and diseases caused by climate change. Despite numerous regional studies, a continental scale assessment of current changes in species distributions in Europe is missing due to the difficult task of modeling a species realized distribution and to quantify the influence of forest disturbances on each species. In this study we conducted a trend analysis on the realized distribution of 6 main European forest tree species (Abies alba Mill., Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies L. H. Karst., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L.) to capture and map the prevalent trends in probability of occurrence for the period 2000–2020. We also analyzed the impact of forest disturbances on each species’ range and identified the dominant disturbance drivers. Our results revealed an overall trend of stability in species’ distributions (85% of the pixels are considered stable by 2020 for all species) but we also identified some hot spots characterized by negative trends in probability of occurrence, mostly at the edges of each species’ latitudinal range. Additionally, we identified a steady increase in disturbance events in each species’ range by disturbance (affected range doubled by 2020, from 3.5% to 7% on average) and highlighted species-specific responses to forest disturbance drivers such as wind and fire. Overall, our study provides insights into distribution trends and disturbance patterns for the main European forest tree species. The identification of range shifts and the intensifying impacts of disturbances call for proactive conservation efforts and long-term planning to ensure the resilience and sustainability of European forests.
Microbial defluorination: a bibliometric analysis of an evolving field at the frontier of bioremediation
Authors: Skinner Justin , Arango Jineth , Wandurraga Héctor Javier Luna , Calvo Diana C. , Delgado Anca G
Published: December 2023

Fluorinated compounds perform valued services to society while posing environmental and human health risks. The necessity to treat fluorinated compound pollution has spurred the growth of microbial defluorination science. To assess the progress of microbial defluorination science, we conducted a bibliometric analysis on research within this rapidly advancing field. By defining a refined search query which may be used in future bibliographic databases, we identified major publications, authors, institutions, countries, and journals contributing to microbial defluorination science. Our analyses document the scientific progression in the past three decades from fluorinated compound detection method development to detailed biotransformation pathway mapping and the identification of fluorinated compound biotransforming bacteria. We found that more recent publication keywords pertain to identifying and better understanding microbial communities capable of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance biotransformation. Older keywords pertain to establishing analytical chemistry methodologies for fluorinated compounds. We additionally identify differences in output between countries by publication numbers and type of fluorinated compound studied. Overall, this field is typified by a growing number of publications per year, and frequent collaboration between highly productive authors, institutions, and countries. By defining the current state of microbial defluorination science and identifying its relevance, we aim to hasten knowledge development on how fluorinated compounds may be treated by microbial methods.
Exploring real-world vancomycin target attainment in neonatal intensive care in the context of Staphylococcal infections: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Blank Michael , Wilson Richard , Wan Yu , Peters Joanna , Davies Frances , Tyszczuk Lidia , Pichon Bruno , Riezk Alaa , Demirjian Alicia , Brown Colin , Gilchrist Mark , Holmes Alison , Rawson Timothy
Published: December 2023

Background: Vancomycin is commonly prescribed in late onset sepsis (LOS) in neonatal intensive care (NICU). Despite variation in vancomycin population pharmacokinetics, a paucity of evidence exists to support dose optimisation. This study explored the relationship between trough vancomycin concentrations and estimated area-under-the-concentration-time-curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios in real-world practice.
Methods: Patients treated with vancomycin for LOS in two tertiary NICUs between October 2022 and February 2023 were included. Electronic patient record data on demographics, microbiology, dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and outcomes were extracted; these were used to estimate individual patient AUC and AUC:MIC ratios using Bayesian forecasting. Trough and AUC estimates were compared. Target attainment was estimated using an AUC:MIC>400, and toxicity using AUC>600 mg·h/L. Estimates for target attainment were evaluated at different MICs.
Results: 32 patients, with 41 discrete treatment episodes, were analysed. Median gestational age at birth was 26.5 (IQR 25-30) weeks. Ten patients (31%) were female and median weight was 0.87 (IQR 0.7-1.4) kg.
Trough concentrations correlated poorly with AUC estimates (r2=0.38). Dose adjustment using troughs did not improve AUC/MIC target attainment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 4/41 (10%) treatment episodes; peak median AUC was 1170.4 (IQR 839.1-1493.7) mg·h/L compared to 582.1 (IQR 485.4-699.3) mg·h/L in those without AKI.
For individual episodes, AUC/MIC targets at day 2 would be met for vancomycin in 30/41 (73%) for organisms with an MIC of 1 mg/L, 1/41 (2%) for MIC 2 mg/L, and 0/41 (0%) for MIC 4 mg/L.
Conclusion: Using trough based TDM correlated poorly with AUC-based estimates for target attainment. Dose adjustment using trough-based TDM fails to improve drug-exposure, especially with MIC >1mg/L.
Optical Nonlinearity Modulation by Engineering the Electron Motion
Authors: Lu Peixiang , Li Liang , Li Jiapeng , Qiao Sen , Cui Hubin , He Wei , He Lixin , Zhu Xiaosong , lan pengfei
Published: December 2023

Strong terahertz (THz) or mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses offer the potential to coherently manipulate the properties of materials on ultrafast timescales, which has emerged as a viable approach to coherently engineer material on demand. However, these approaches have always been limited to picosecond timescale owing to the electronic and structural relaxation bottlenecks. Here, we demonstrate the femtosecond control of optical nonlinearity in a semiconductor ZnO crystal. Our scheme is realized by engineering the electron motion with a near-infrared (NIR) waveform-controlled two-color pulse and a polarization-skewed pulse. The pump-probe methodology of second-harmonic generation (SHG) reveals the connection between the optical nonlinearity modulation and the ultrafast electron dynamics. Our work provides new freedom for rationally designing the structure and transient symmetry of crystals with light and paves the way for petahertz (PHz) high-speed signal processing technologies.
3-Month Prevalence of Unwanted Sexual Contact Victimization in a National Sample of College Students: Differences by Race, Gender Identity, and Sexual Identity
Authors: Fedina Lisa , Bender Anna E. , Royer Meggie , Ashwell Louise , Tolman Richard , Herrenkohl Todd I.
Published: December 2023

Importance: Most unwanted sexual contact victimization (USCV) research utilizes predominantly white, cisgender, heterosexual college student samples. Estimates of USCV prevalence and demographic variation can determine the need for dedicated funding and culturally relevant campus services for students in high risk groups.
Objective: To estimate the national prevalence and demographic variation in self-reported USCV within the first three months of college.
Design: Data are from the Sexual Assault Prevention for Undergrads (SAPU) (2020-2021) dataset. SAPU is an online intervention program administered to students on more than 600 college campuses in the United States (N =250,359). Group differences were assessed by race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual identity, and then stratified by gender to assess within-gender group differences.
Setting: The SAPU dataset includes public and private institutions and 2-year and 4-year colleges with varying sizes of enrollment.
Participants: The sample is demographically diverse, and consists of newly matriculated U.S. college students, most of whom complete the SAPU program within the first three months of enrollment.
Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measure is self-reported USCV within the first three months of college enrollment, analyzed for subgroup differences. We hypothesized that USCV would be higher among students from racial/ethnic, gender, and sexual minority populations.
Results: Nearly 8% of transgender men reported USCV, followed by 7.4% of transgender women, 7.4% of genderqueer/gender non-conforming students, 4.5% of women, and 1.5% of men. Several subgroups reported exceedingly high rates of USCV, including Black students who identified as transgender women (35.7%) and American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students who identified as trans men (55.6%) or genderqueer/gender non-conforming (41.7%).
Conclusions and Relevance: Universal and targeted (selective and indicated) intervention programs are needed to lessen USCV, particularly among gender minority students who also identify as Black, Indigenous, other person of color, or as a sexual minority.
Modeling of the arc characteristics inside a laminar spraying plasma torch with different gas components
Authors: Tao Jin , Cao Xiuquan , He Yong , Ma Yaoming , Wang Jingdong , Pan Wuying , Qin Hao , Hu Guangzhong
Published: December 2023

For the low costs, numerical simulations are effective methods to reveal the internal mechanism inside thermal spraying plasma torch. Various simulation models for studying the inside or outside characteristics of thermal plasma torches have been built and discussed. However, for revealing the mechanism in the materials processing, more attentions should be paid to building precise models of laminar plasma torch and using these models to reveal the generating mechanism and the flow characteristics. Thus, based on the user-defined function (UDF) and user-defined scalar (UDS) of ANSYS Fluent software, the assumptions, governing equations, boundary conditions and solving method were discussed and a corresponding numerical model of a home-made laminar spraying plasma torch was built firstly. For verifying the effectiveness of the proposed numerical model and studying the influence of the gas components on the arc characteristics, the working conditions and experimental setups were introduced in sequence. Finally, the numerical and experimental results of the home-made laminar plasma torch were obtained and discussed. The study results show that: ¬① The axial temperature of the plasma torch could be divided into three sections along the axis: peak temperature area (10mm < x < 20mm), stable temperature area (20mm < x < 62mm) and decrease temperature area (62mm < x < 95mm). ② The axial velocity of pure nitrogen is much higher than that of pure argon and 50%Ar + 50%N2, while that of pure argon and 50%Ar + 50%N2 has a little difference. ③ The simulated arc voltage trends under different working conditions are in accordance with the experimental arc voltage trends well.
Distraction osteogenesis cure mandibular bone defect caused by osteomyelitis following fracture surgery: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xie Qingtiao , Jiang Xianfang , Huang Xuanping
Published: December 2023

Background: Osteomyelitis secondary to mandibular fracture surgery and 3rd molar extraction is rare and thoroughly sequestrum curettage is the best means to treat this type of mandibular osteomyelitis. But sometimes it can cause bone defects. Many methods can be taken to cure bone defects and distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an available modality without a donor site.
Case presentation: Here we report a case that a middle-aged man undergoes a car accident that causes mandibular angle and Le Fort Ⅱ fracture. Mandibular angle osteomyelitis occurs two weeks after open reduction with internal fixation.The patient is in hospital for the second time and undergoes segmental resection and DO concurrently. Thereafter high-quality bone formation and good occlusion are achieved in the follow-up.
Conclusions: DO can cure mandibular bone defect secondary to osteomyelitis.
Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs: Development and evidence of validity in Primary Health Care
Authors: de Mendonça Joana Moscoso Teixeira , Sousa Ana Alice Freire , Eshriqui Ilana , Rebustini Flávio , Bonfim Daiana , Zorzi Daniella Sampaio , Monteiro Camila , Rewa Talita Rewa , de Almeida Letícia Yamawaka
Published: December 2023

Background
Mental health disorders represent the top leading causes of burden worldwide. At this context, initiatives to identify Care Needs in Mental Health (CNMH) are urgent, to assure integral and quality care. Nonetheless, there is a gap in valid tools to support primary healthcare (PHC) professionals’ decision-making to the provision of the proper mental health care, at the right place. The present study aimed to develop and search for evidences about the validity of the Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs (CuidaSM) in Primary Health Care.
Methods
Considering CNMH as the latent variable, a group of experts developed 130 dichotomous items, which were submitted to assessment by a heterogeneous panel of judges from different regions in Brazil (n = 73). Collected data subsidized the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) calculation, which resulted in a second version of the scale comprising 43 items. Subsequently, it was applied to 879 individuals to find evidences about the internal-structure validity by using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Dimensionality was assessed through Robust Parallel Analysis and the model was tested through cross-validation to find CuidaSM final version. Further, the CuidaSM’s score was subjected to normalization.
Results
The final version of CuidaSM comprised 31 items, which were divided in two blocks: “self-referred” block, with 5 dimensions (social relationships; functionality; autonomy; impulsiveness and aggressiveness”; and spirituality); and “health professional evaluation” block, comprising 3 dimensions (violence; self-aggression and suicidal behavior; and caregiving plan). Model explained variance reached 62.70%. Closeness of dimensionality values pointed out a multi-dimensional model (UNICO = 0.79; ECV = 0.0.69 and MIREAL = 0.22). All indicators were within adequate and satisfactory limits, without any cross-loading, Heywood Case or collinearity/multi-collinearity issues capable of pointing out items redundancy and overlapping. Reliability indices also reached adequate levels (α = 0.82; ω = 0.80; glb = 0.93 and ORION ranging from 0.79 to 0.95, between domains). CuidaSM’s score normalization pointed towards four CNMH strata (Low CNMH: 0 to 1; Moderate CNMH: 2 to 3; High CNMH: 4 to 6; Very High CNMH: 7 or more).
Conclusions
The CuidaSM scale is a synthesized instrument, comprising users’ self-evaluation and PHC professionals’ clinical assessment. It showed satisfactory validity evidences, which were consistent, reliable and robust; capable of accurately measuring CNMH in the primary care territory, in Brazil.
Smart use of renewable electricity and carbon capture in the transport sector
Authors: Lindstad Elizabeth , Lagemann Benjamin , Rialland Agathe , Acciaro Michele , Eskeland Gunnar S.
Published: December 2023

The decarbonization of the transport sector, which accounts for a quarter of global energy use when including its fuel production and consumption, is critical to limit global temperature rise well below 2 degrees. Building on the positive impact of battery-electric solutions on decarbonizing road transport, this study explores the potential expansions of zero-emission solutions to aviation and maritime shipping through the utilization of advanced E-fuels produced with renewable electricity. We analyze whether using renewables to produce E-fuels delivers carbon reductions in a more energy-effective way than Carbon Capture onboard sea-going vessels and Direct Air Carbon Capture at land-based facilities, both combined with permanent storage. Our analysis reveals that Carbon Capture and Storage requires significantly less renewable electricity and hence should be prioritized in shipping and aviation. This will enable renewable electricity to be used within other sectors which will give faster global decarbonization.
Function of TaPHT1;9 in phosphorus absorption and utilization under soil condition
Authors: Chen Zedong , Wang Jinfeng , Dong Dianqi , Lou Chuang , Zhang Yi , Wang Yaxin , Yu Bo , Wang Pengfei , Kang Guozhang
Published: December 2023

Background and aims Phosphorus (P) is one of the major constraints to wheat growth and development. Identifying P-efficient genes is crucial for improving phosphorusutilization efficiency (PUE). Our previous studies showed that TaPHT1;9 is a high-affinity phosphate transporter and functions on phosphate (Pi) absorption and transport in wheat seedlings under hydroponic condition, but its function under complex soil environments needs to further be measured. In this study, we aim to further explore its role under soil condition, and reveal its application potential in the breeding of the P-efficient wheat cultivars.
Methods TaPHT1;9-ectopic expression transgenic rice plants and -edited wheat mutants were cultivated in soils with different Pi fertilizer treatments respectively. Grain yield, biomass, P concentration and PUE were measured and calculated.
Results CRISPR-edited homozygous TaPHT1;9-A/B/D wheat mutants were screened and identified, and their grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly lower than wild-type (WT) control. And the reduced yields were mainly due to the decrease in grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. TaPHT1;9-ectopic expression transgenic rice plants exhibited the opposite results and their grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly higher than WT plants under insufficient Pi fertilizer conditions.
Conclusions Under soil condition, TaPHT1;9 plays a vital role in Pi utilizationand it is a candidate target gene for improving the PUE of crops.