bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai-Nilai Ekonomi dan Etika Bisnis Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto , Taufiq Taufiq
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini membahas nilai-nilai ekonomi dan etika bisnis dalam perspektif Islam, yang merupakan landasan penting dalam membentuk sistem ekonomi yang adil dan berkelanjutan. Prinsip-prinsip utama yang dibahas termasuk keadilan, kejujuran, amanah (kepercayaan), dan tanggung jawab sosial. Keadilan dalam ekonomi Islam menuntut bahwa semua transaksi harus dilakukan secara adil dan transparan, menghindari praktik riba (bunga), gharar (ketidakpastian), dan maysir (perjudian). Kejujuran dan amanah menekankan pentingnya integritas dalam pelaporan keuangan dan pemenuhan janji, sedangkan tanggung jawab sosial mencakup kontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Artikel ini juga mengeksplorasi tantangan dalam penerapan nilai-nilai ini, seperti perbedaan interpretasi prinsip-prinsip syariah, kurangnya pemahaman di kalangan praktisi, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur produk keuangan syariah. Penghindaran dari praktik yang merugikan dan adaptasi terhadap inovasi teknologi juga menjadi bagian penting dari etika bisnis Islam. Dengan mematuhi prinsip-prinsip ini, bisnis diharapkan tidak hanya mencapai kesuksesan finansial tetapi juga memberikan dampak positif yang luas. Artikel ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam penerapan nilai-nilai ekonomi Islam dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengatasi tantangan yang ada, sehingga dapat membangun sistem bisnis yang lebih etis dan berkelanjutan sesuai dengan ajaran Islam.
Tinjauan Teoritis tentang Asas Legalitas dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Fitri Fikriya Aniqa , Muftia Nisaul , Trilia Irda , Munthe Abdurrahman Hidayah , Ramlan Ramlan
Published: December 2024

Asas legalitas adalah prinsip dasar dalam hukum pidana yang memastikan bahwa seseorang hanya dapat dihukum atas perbuatan yang telah diatur secara jelas dalam undang-undang sebelum tindakan tersebut dilakukan. Di Indonesia, asas ini tercermin dalam Pasal 1 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) yang melarang pemidanaan secara retroaktif dan menuntut adanya kepastian hukum. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pentingnya memahami penerapan asas legalitas dalam menghadapi perkembangan hukum pidana di era modern, khususnya dengan munculnya kejahatan baru yang belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam peraturan yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji konsep teoritis asas legalitas serta tantangan penerapannya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan menganalisis literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan pandangan para ahli hukum mengenai asas legalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun asas legalitas merupakan instrumen penting dalam menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan, penerapannya sering kali menghadapi tantangan dari perkembangan teknologi dan tuntutan masyarakat untuk menindak pelaku kejahatan berat. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan reformasi hukum pidana yang adaptif namun tetap menjaga prinsip-prinsip asas legalitas agar relevan dengan dinamika sosial dan hukum di Indonesia.
Pengaruh Teori Rehabilitasi Terhadap Kebijakan Pemidanaan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Putri Nur Kemala , Salam Alfa , Ramadhan Ardian , Mulitalia Mulitalia , Anasti Masykuri
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini membahas pengaruh teori rehabilitasi terhadap kebijakan pemidanaan di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada bagaimana prinsip rehabilitatif dapat mengubah pendekatan punitif yang selama ini dominan. Penjatuhan vonis rehabilitasi bagi penyalah guna narkoba juga bisa dinilai pemidanaan yang ideal, karena secara konseptual, rehabilitasi itu dinilai cukup berat dan kenestapaan bagi si penyalah guna narkoba. Tujuan pemidanaan yang umumnya diketahui hanya teori absolut, teori relatif, dan teori gabungan yang dapat digunakan dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia masa mendatang. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dan tinjauan pustaka, studi ini mengidentifikasi berbagai sumber yang mencakup literatur, laporan pemerintah, dan regulasi terkait. Teori rehabilitasi menekankan pemulihan individu melalui pendidikan, terapi, dan dukungan sosial, bertujuan untuk mengurangi angka kriminalitas dan memfasilitasi reintegrasi sosial narapidana. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pergeseran dalam kebijakan pemidanaan, terlihat pada adanya Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak dan implementasi program rehabilitasi di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Meskipun demikian, tantangan seperti stigma sosial, kurangnya sumber daya, dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang rehabilitasi masih menjadi hambatan signifikan. Hasil penelitian menekankan perlunya kolaborasi antara pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan masyarakat luas untuk mendukung implementasi program rehabilitasi yang lebih efektif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya kebijakan yang lebih inklusif dan berbasis data untuk mewujudkan sistem pemidanaan yang lebih manusiawi dan berkeadilan, yang tidak hanya menghukum tetapi juga memperbaiki dan mempersiapkan pelanggar hukum untuk kembali ke masyarakat dengan baik.
Peran Unit Pengelola Keuangan (UPK) Syari’ah Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Gampong di Kecamatan Kluet Selatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan
Authors: Bawazir Fuad , Ananda M. Aditya , Murlisa Lia
Published: December 2024

Di Kecamatan Kluet Selatan, Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat gampong merupakan tantangan utama dalam mencapai pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks ini, Unit Pengelola Keuangan (UPK) Syariah memegang peran penting sebagai lembaga keuangan yang mampu memberdayakan masyarakat melalui akses pembiayaan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Syariah. Adapun rumusan masalahnya Bagaimana peran Unit Pengelola Keuangan (UPK) Syariah dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat gampong di Kecamatan Kluet Selatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan? Dengan tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran Unit Pengelola Keuangan (UPK) Syariah dalam upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat gampong di Kecamatan Kluet Selatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informasi yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan peran UPK Syariah dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat gampong. Dengan kesimpulan UPK Syariah di Kecamatan Kluet Selatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan memainkan peran yang signifikan dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat gampong. Melalui penyediaan akses pembiayaan yang berbasis Syariah, pendampingan, dan pelatihan, UPK Syariah memberikan kontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan keberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Dengan demikian, UPK Syariah menjadi salah satu instrumen yang efektif dalam mendukung pembangunan ekonomi yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan di tingkat lokal.
Pola Pengasuhan Anak di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Ummul Yatama Serambi Mekkah
Authors: Wahida Nur , Paisal Jon , Ramli Ramli
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan memahami pola pengasuhan anak yang diterapkan di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Ummul Yatama Serambi Mekkah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk menggali informasi mendalam mengenai praktik pengasuhan anak di panti asuhan tersebut. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pengasuh, anak asuh, dan staf yayasan, serta melalui observasi partisipatif dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pengasuhan di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Ummul Yatama Serambi Mekkah didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip kasih sayang, disiplin, dan pendidikan agama. Pengasuh berperan sebagai pengganti orang tua yang memberikan perhatian dan kasih sayang kepada anak-anak, sekaligus menegakkan disiplin melalui aturan-aturan yang jelas dan konsisten. Pendidikan agama menjadi fokus utama dalam pola pengasuhan, dengan harapan anak-anak dapat tumbuh menjadi individu yang berakhlak mulia dan memiliki nilai-nilai keagamaan yang kuat.  Selain itu, yayasan ini juga menyediakan berbagai program dan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi anak-anak, baik dalam bidang akademik, keterampilan hidup, maupun sosial. Dukungan dari masyarakat dan donatur juga memainkan peran penting dalam keberlanjutan dan efektivitas pola pengasuhan yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola pengasuhan yang diterapkan di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Ummul Yatama Serambi Mekkah efektif dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang aman dan mendukung perkembangan anak-anak secara holistik. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh yayasan, termasuk keterbatasan sumber daya dan kebutuhan akan pelatihan yang berkelanjutan bagi para pengasuh untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengasuhan.
Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi
Authors: Alfianda Rudy , Risardi Merta , Kamisan  , Amin Muslihun , Sarioda  , Maulida Rahmi , Albayani Amalia Zahra
Published: December 2024

Tindak Pidana Korupsi (TPK) menjadi tantangan serius dalam konteks sosial dan bisnis, dengan dampak merugikan yang melibatkan integritas masyarakat dan struktur ekonomi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran hukum dan tanggung jawab korporasi dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan TPK. Melalui metode analisis hukum dan studi kasus, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi berbagai bentuk TPK dan menganalisis peran hukum dalam menangani kasus korupsi, serta mengevaluasi pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Hasilnya menyoroti pentingnya hukum yang tegas sebagai instrumen utama dalam menindak TPK dan menciptakan efek jera. Selain itu, nilai etika diakui sebagai landasan moral yang memotivasi korporasi untuk menjadi agen perubahan sosial, melibatkan diri dalam praktik bisnis berkelanjutan, dan membentuk kemitraan dengan pemangku kepentingan. Langkah-langkah konkrit, seperti kebijakan anti-korupsi, melibatkan pihak terkait, dan praktik bisnis berkelanjutan, diuraikan sebagai upaya nyata korporasi meningkatkan pertanggungjawaban sosial mereka. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi antara pemerintah, lembaga hukum, dan korporasi, serta nilai etika, untuk menciptakan masyarakat yang lebih adil, integritas, dan terhindar dari praktik korupsi.
Upaya Kepala Madrasah Dalam Memenuhi Fasilitas Kerja Tenaga Kependidikan MAN 2 Aceh Barat
Authors: Phonna Bunga Tiara , Andhika M. Rezki , Mukhlizar  , Zulhendra Danil
Published: December 2024

Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Aceh Barat merupakan salah satu sekolah yang banyak diminati oleh para siswa, sehingga para staff tenaga kependidikan sangat membutuhkan fasilitas kerja yang memadai untuk mendukung kelancaran administrasi. Namun ketersediaan fasilitas kerja untuk menunjang kinerja tenaga kependidikan di sekolah tersebut masih kurang, sehingga kepala sekolah harus mengupayakan kelengkapan fasilitas kerja tenaga kependidikan. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepala madrasah dalam memenuhi fasilitas kerja tenaga kependidikan dan mengetahui cara tenaga kependidikan dalam memanfaatkan fasilitas yang sudah ada. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini antara lain kepala madrasah, kepala TU, staff TU, bendahara, dan operator. Penelitian ini berlokasi di MAN 2 Aceh Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, kepala madrasah berupaya melakukan kegiatan perencanaan, pengadaan, dan pengawasan terhadap fasilitas kerja tenaga kependidikan di MAN 2 Aceh Barat. Kedua, tenaga kependidikan menggunakan fasilitas kerja dengan sangat baik, melakukan perawatan fasilitas kerja dilakukan secara berkala. Kemudian kepala madrasah dibantu oleh Kepala Bagian Tata Usaha melakukan monitoring (pengawasan) terhadap alat-alat yang tidak lagi berkerja maksimal dan melakukan upgrade terhadap alat-alat komputer supaya performa dapat berfungsi secara maksimal.
Analisis Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa dan Dampaknya terhadap Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus di Desa Panton, Kecamatan Teunom, Aceh Jaya
Authors: Yulindawati Yulindawati
Published: December 2024

Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) telah menjadi instrumen vital dalam membangun dan memperkuat komunitas pedesaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengelolaan ADD memengaruhi pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Panton, Kecamatan Teunom, Aceh Jaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi praktik pengelolaan ADD dan menilai dampaknya terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat di tingkat desa. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan terkait, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan ADD di Desa Panton telah memberikan dampak positif terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dana tersebut digunakan secara efektif untuk mengembangkan infrastruktur, layanan publik, dan program-program pembangunan lainnya yang memberdayakan masyarakat setempat. Namun demikian, masih terdapat tantangan dalam hal transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait penggunaan ADD. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan ADD yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif, serta memastikan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat menjadi fokus utama dalam setiap kebijakan dan program pembangunan di tingkat desa.
Implementasi Qanun Kabupaten Aceh Barat Nomor 4 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah
Authors: Fridawati Titit , Gunawan Khairol , Rizal Agus , Andriani Cut Yessi , Rozi Fahrul , Fadillah M. Surya , Iskandar Dedi , Muliadi  , Ridwan M. Arif , Ramadhan Rafsanjani , Irhami  , Ramadhani Maudy
Published: December 2024

Implementasi Qanun Kabupaten Aceh Barat Nomor 4 Tahun 2017 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah merupakan upaya pemerintah daerah untuk mengatasi permasalahan sampah yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya volume sampah dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah secara mandiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Qanun tersebut serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat implementasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai pihak terkait, termasuk pejabat pemerintah, masyarakat, dan organisasi non-pemerintah. Selain itu, dilakukan juga observasi langsung ke lapangan serta analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Qanun ini belum sepenuhnya efektif. Faktor pendukung utama adalah adanya dukungan kebijakan dari pemerintah daerah dan partisipasi beberapa kelompok masyarakat. Namun, terdapat beberapa hambatan signifikan seperti kurangnya fasilitas pendukung, minimnya sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat, serta keterbatasan anggaran dan sumber daya manusia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun Qanun Kabupaten Aceh Barat Nomor 4 Tahun 2017 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah memiliki tujuan yang baik, implementasinya masih perlu ditingkatkan. Diperlukan strategi yang lebih komprehensif, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat agar pengelolaan sampah di Aceh Barat dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Aksi Gotong Royong di Gampong Peunaga Pasi Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Hamdi Syaibatul , Efendi Sumardi , MZ Husamuddin , Risardi Merta , Kamisan  , Alfianda Rudy , Sarioda  , Amin Muslihun , Maulida Rahmi , Albayani Amalia Zahra
Published: December 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat melalui aksi gotong royong oleh kampus di Gampong Peunaga Pasi menciptakan paradigma baru dalam keterlibatan lembaga pendidikan tinggi dalam pembangunan lokal. Dalam proyek ini, kampus tidak hanya bertindak sebagai penyampai ilmu pengetahuan, tetapi juga sebagai katalisator perubahan sosial. Kolaborasi erat antara kampus, pemimpin desa, dan masyarakat melahirkan solusi-solusi inovatif untuk permasalahan masyarakat. Infrastruktur desa mengalami peningkatan yang nyata, melibatkan perbaikan jalan, peningkatan akses pendidikan, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat. Keberhasilan proyek ini mencerminkan pentingnya memahami kearifan lokal, menghargai budaya, dan membangun partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Dalam kerangka ini, pengabdian masyarakat bukan hanya memberikan solusi jangka pendek, melainkan membentuk fondasi keberlanjutan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasilnya menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih baik secara fisik dan sosial, memberikan pelajaran berharga bagi kampus dan masyarakat sekitar. Model ini menjadi inspirasi bagi lembaga pendidikan tinggi lainnya untuk terlibat aktif dalam pembangunan masyarakat dan mewujudkan konsep pendidikan yang merakyat dan berdampak luas.
Sekolah Keluarga Samara dan Seminar Penguatan Peran Ayah dalam Keluarga di Banda Aceh
Authors: Inayatillah Inayatillah
Published: December 2024

Peran ayah dalam keluarga memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk kualitas hidup anak. Dengan keterlibatan yang kuat dalam pengasuhan dan bimbingan, ayah dapat memengaruhi perkembangan kognitif dan kompetensi sosial anak. Untuk mendukung pemahaman dan implementasi peran ayah ini, Sekolah Keluarga Samara Forum Dakwah Perbatasan (FDP) telah merancang program untuk membekali calon pengantin dan pasangan suami istri. Program ini difokuskan pada peningkatan peran ayah dalam keluarga, terutama melalui pengasuhan yang baik, keterlibatan yang aktif, dan tanggung jawab yang memadai. Berbagai kegiatan pelatihan, diskusi, dan bimbingan praktis diselenggarakan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang pentingnya peran ayah dalam perkembangan anak. Tujuan utama dari program ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan peran ayah dalam keluarga, terutama dalam hal keterlibatan langsung dalam pengasuhan anak, meningkatkan aksesibilitas, dan membentuk tanggung jawab yang bertanggung jawab. Melalui program yang dirancang dengan baik dan berfokus pada peningkatan peran ayah dalam keluarga, diharapkan bahwa ayah akan mampu memainkan perannya secara optimal dalam mengasuh dan membimbing anak-anak mereka. Hal ini diharapkan dapat membawa dampak positif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak dan stabilitas keluarga secara keseluruhan.
Why Iran is Choosing Nuclear Hedging
Authors: Gettel Christopher
Published: December 2024

This paper explores Iran's pursuit of nuclear capabilities through the lens of "nuclear hedging," a strategy of maintaining the potential to develop nuclear weapons without overtly doing so. The analysis examines Iran's motivations, including a desire for regional dominance, security concerns arising from past regime changes in the Middle East, and the prestige associated with nuclear weapons.
The abstract then defines nuclear hedging and details Iran's possible reasons for adopting this approach. This includes maintaining a negotiating advantage, deterring potential military intervention, and achieving recognition as a regional power.
Furthermore, the abstract highlights Iran's use of strategic ambiguity, employing mixed messaging through government officials to both reassure the international community and retain the option for rapid nuclear development. The collapse of the Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA) and subsequent enrichment activities beyond civilian needs are presented as evidence of this strategy.
Finally, the abstract acknowledges the challenges Iran faces in sustaining nuclear hedging, including the economic burden and the lack of a clear delivery system for potential weapons. It concludes by emphasizing the potential consequences of a failed hedging strategy, including regional conflict and the possibility of Iran becoming a full-fledged nuclear power.
Tunisia Post-Revolution: What is Preventing its Democracy
Authors: Ewards Evan
Published: December 2024

Ten years have passed since Tunisians overthrew an authoritarian regime controlled by President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Corruption and an oppressive police force led to the self-immolation and death of Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street merchant in 2011, quickly igniting waves of protests and becoming the catalyst for the Arab Spring. These protests which quickly encompassed the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) called for democratic reform within their respective governments, but Tunisia remains the only state to succeed, holding democratic elections from 2011 onward and ratifying a new constitution in 2014. Despite these measures, democratization remains slow to develop. What explains Tunisia’s lack of democratic progress since the revolution? This paper examines Tunisia’s impediment to a fully developed democracy, which will argue weak institutional reform as the cause for corruption to persist. To offer a comparison, this paper will highlight Chile’s rapid democratic transition from a violent dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet, where corruption levels plummeted after thorough institutional reform. Chile also possesses a Constitutional Court, an independent judicial body whose significance is affirming the constitutionality of proposed laws and decisions made by executive powers. Disagreements among parties within Tunisian Parliament have prevented this institution, which contributes to Tunisia’s democratic prevention as there is no third-party oversight on constitutional matters to ensure civil liberties provided by the constitution are adhered to.
The Roles of NGOs Amid Neoliberal Agendas
Authors: Sabir Mursel
Published: December 2024

In areas of the world where government structures are underdeveloped or are facing instability, NGOs perform major civil society functions in lieu of government powers. Since the 1990’s, NGO registered entities have proliferated around the world in response to the creation of young nation states. Current estimates citing the amount of registered NGOs are thought to severely underreport the actual data.  Though NGOs perform essential functions, the actions of their work can act in contrast to their mission due to the nature of funding and dependency on donor states that make international NGO efforts possible.
China and The West: What Explains China's Divergent Bilateral Relationships? The Case of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Yazaki Namie
Published: December 2024

China’s rapid and continuous growth in the 21st century sets it on a trajectory to surpass regional hegemons politically, militarily, and economically. As China bolsters its global influence, some western nations are not easily influenced and charmed by China’s while other western partners are. Why is it that China’s relationship with certain western powers are considered strategic partners while others are considered strategic competitors? While the United States and their allies such as Australia create new policies countering China’s global influence, nations such as New Zealand have been showing growing support for the Chinese communist Party (CCP). As an example, when China introduces new economic policies in the region, New Zealand is typically the first western power to legitimize these policies by becoming a partner. Because of New Zealand’s positive relationship with China, the CCP has called New Zealand a model for western countries. In contrast, New Zealand's neighbor and strongest ally, Australia, has a relationship that is on course to being as competitive with China to the degree in which the US and China share. This paper will examine the reasons behind China’s growing governmental ties with New Zealand instead of Australia by using an economic approach. My finding is that China's foreign interference activities don’t have much effect on their diplomatic relationship, but rather the economy is a major factor that contributes to New Zealand’s diplomatic relations with China.
Power Grab: Why States Cede Sovereignty to International Law
Authors: Reyes Reginaldo
Published: December 2024

Sovereignty and the rule of law are the cornerstones of modern-day statehood. Yet, in the aftermath of armed conflict since the end of the Second World War, various states have set up courts in order to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression, prompting these states to surrender sovereignty in their legal processes. These states have experienced armed conflict and subsequently utilized various mechanisms of international criminal law to provide redress for heinous violations of human rights committed within their territories. This article explores why some states voluntarily cede sovereignty to international law in the pursuit of prosecuting these crimes within their own borders and why they do so to varying degrees.
Revival of the Iran Nuclear Deal under the Biden Administration
Authors: Nair Adithyan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the progress of the Iran nuclear deal under the Biden Administration. The Middle Eastern region has been conflict-ridden for several decades. With regional actors such as Saudi Arabia, Israel, and Iran competing for dominance in the region, the Middle East is a region where power politics often take place. Several decades into the nuclear game,  Iran has finally witnessed significant progress in its nuclear program. A nuclear Iran can alter the regional power status in the Middle Eastern region. It has severe implications in the region that can be detrimental to Western interests in the region.
The International Security Environment Relevant to Pakistan (A Historical Perspective)
Authors: Raza Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Pakistan came into existence amidst one of the most tumultuous times of the Cold War which suddenly escalated unprecedentedly in a manner where small, newly freed out of the colonial clutches, administratively fragile, economically unsustainable and, most of all, poorly led nations were caught in a sheer state of insecurity. Mentioning Pakistan precisely, it had not even emerged on the world map when prominent world leaders especially Pandit Nehru and other leaders from his party embarked upon an exhaustive campaign against its survival. Their propaganda hinged on a widely publicized conviction predominantly furthered by the western media which doubted Pakistan’s sustenance as a state rather they predicted its re-amalgamation into India due to its highly remote administrative infrastructure, absence of sound economy, and lack of pragmatic political leadership. This particular scenario was aggravated by almost the entire Muslim religious hierarchy in the sub-continent which fiercely opposed the creation of Pakistan, thus posing formidable existential threats to the newly born Muslim state. 
An earnest effort, therefore, has been made to evaluate the international security environment within the ambit of international relations where Pakistan as an ideologically Muslim state commenced with its role as a responsible nation contributing to world peace.
Children who survive torture: A systematic review of screening, documentation and treatment of torture injuries in children
Authors: Nahlén Bose Catarina , Tamdjidi Ronak
Published: December 2024

Background: Children all over the world are subjected to torture, but few are identified as victims of these actions. Knowledge that facilitates identification, documentation, and treatment of torture injuries in children can allow redress and rehabilitation for more children in need. Objective: To synthesise research regarding screening, documentation, and treatment of child survivors of torture. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. A total of 4795 titles and/or abstracts were screened, of which 80 articles were included. Grey literature was also included. Results: Screening for torture exposure usually consisted of questions that were included in trauma questionnaires. Questions about perpetrators in the traumatic events were missing from more than half of the studies. Although children were screened mainly for psychological injuries, it was primarily physical injuries that were documented. The evidence on treatment effects was limited. However, there was a tendency that Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) significantly reduced PTSD up to three months to one year after the end of treatment. Treatments with individual and group-based formats, as well as those with normal and more intensified approaches, were found to have an effect on PTSD.
Aplicação de VRP spreadsheet solver otimização de rotas DM distribuidora de bebidas do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Raphael Nascimento dos , Moraes Taiane do Carmo Natalino , Esteve Alain Bruhn , Silva Júnior Orivalde Soares da , Amorim José Carlos Cesar
Published: December 2024

O transporte de bens é considerado o mais significativo dos custos logísticos, podendo gerar oportunidades de ganhos escalares caso seja gerido de maneira exequível, gerando desafios cada vez maiores dentro de um cenário urbano complexo. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso onde um depósito de bebidas localizado no Rio de Janeiro enfrenta um problema rico de roteirização de veículos (RVRP) com frota heterogênea de entrega de pedidos a 172 clientes em um dia. A proposta é a aplicação da ferramenta de Excel VRP_Spreadsheet_Solver em três cenários distintos comparando os resultados com as rotas atuais. O critério de comparação utilizado foi a menor distância total percorrida para atendimento da demanda estipulada. Em um dos cenários propostos houve uma redução de 6,72% na rota total percorrida, gerando oportunidade de ganhos financeiros escalares.
Understanding Unemployment among Tertiary Educated Youth
Authors: Khushbu  , Rani Seema , Jyoti  , Sharma Santosh
Published: December 2024

Youth unemployment remains a critical global issue, with far-reaching economic and social implications. This research explores the multifaceted causes of unemployment among 200 tertiary educated youth at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. From the selected colleges, a list of students both undergraduate and postgraduate experiencing unemployment for the last 3-4 years was prepared. From the list a proportionate sample of 200 unemployed youth (comprising 100 graduates and 100 postgraduates) was systematically chosen from the entire educated youth population across the colleges of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar encompassing I.C College of Home Science, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, College of Agriculture and College of Agriculture Engineering & Technology. Therefore, a proportionate sample of 27 graduate students and 45 postgraduate students from COHS, 28 postgraduate students from the College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, 50 graduate and 21 postgraduate students from the College of Agriculture, and 23 graduate and 6 postgraduate students from the College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology who were unemployed for the last 3–4 years were selected to comprise a total 200 sample size. Addressing the gap in existing literature, the study categorizes the causes into four key dimensions: structural, educational, individual, and private sector-related causes. The objective of the study is to analyze how these causes contribute to unemployment and their interrelated effects. A descriptive research design was employed, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. The analysis reveals that structural causes, such as high competition for limited job opportunities and the increasing demand for specialized skills, are significant barriers to employment. Educational mismatches, including misalignment between academic qualifications and industry requirements, further intensify the issue. Individual challenges, like limited job search skills, and private sector constraints, such as low wages and restrictive hiring practices, also contribute to unemployment. The findings underscore the complexity of youth unemployment and highlight the need for targeted policy interventions. By addressing these diverse causes, the study suggests reforms in education, skill development programs, and enhanced private sector engagementas essential strategies to improve youth employability and foster inclusive economic growth.
Public Distribution System: An Exploration of Constraints in Rural and Urban Areas
Authors: Raj Boniga Mohan Uday , Suhasini Korabandi , Lavanya Thatigutla , Reddy Desireddy Srinivasa , Supriya Kallakuri
Published: December 2024

India's Public Distribution System (PDS) plays a critical role in addressing poverty and enhancing food security by providing essential commodities at subsidized rates. Despite its significant contributions, the system faces numerous challenges, including poor quality of food grains, irregular supply, and limited availability of specified items. This study investigates these constraints in Telangana, employing Garrett’s ranking technique to evaluate issues faced by beneficiaries across urban and rural areas. Data collected from 240 beneficiaries reveal that poor quality food grains and the non-availability of specified items are the most pressing concerns. The findings emphasize the need for improved quality control, timely supply chain management, and expansion of item availability to enhance the efficacy of the PDS and ensure equitable food security.
Effect of the Drone and Knapsack Sprayed Herbicides on the Plant Phytotoxicity and Chlorophyll Content in Rabi Groundnut
Authors: Mudigiri Chandana , T. RamPrakash , B. Padmaja , G Jayasree , P.C. Latha
Published: December 2024

Conventional method of herbicide spray application using a knapsack sprayer is cost-effective, easy to operate but leads to inaccurate application of the chemicals, low spray uniformity, unnecessary deposition and non-uniform coverage. In this context, “Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or aerial drones, are being utilized to decrease the herbicide wastage and increase the efficacy compared to traditional practice. A two year field experiment was conducted with drone at RARS, Research Farm, Palem, Nagarkurnool, Telangana during rabi 2022-23, 2023-24.The model of UAV (drone) used in the bioefficacy and drift studies was battery motive AGRICOPTER AG 365 with UIN UA00132S1EX. Imazethapyr 3.75% + Propaquizafop 2.5% ME (Ready mix) herbicide was sprayed with 25 and 40 L ha-1 of spray volume with flat fan XR11002VP nozzle and flight height was maintained at 2 and 2.5m and knapsack sprayer with 500 L ha-1 of spray volume was taken to study the effect of the drone sprayed herbicides versus conventional spraying practices on plant phytotoxic and chlorophyll content of the leaves and results had shown a non significant effect on chlorophyll content and phytotoxicity.
Effect of Doses and Storage Time on Acridity of Irradiated Cocoyam Corms
Authors: Gladys Ndidiamaka. Nwachukwu, , Peter A. Idah, , Ogbonnaya Chukwu, , Kassem U. Isah, , Uchenna Onwuhaka Madu,
Published: December 2024

Cocoyam is a stable food commonly eaten by the people of Eastern Nigeria. Its utilization as a raw material for food products is affected by its acridity content. The traditional method of processing cocoyam for consumption is by cooking which is time and energy consuming. Nigeria Colocasia esculenta spp (NCe 001 and NCe 011) and Xanthosoma sagittifolium spp (NXs 001 and NXs 002) were subjected to gamma irradiation of 20, 40, 80, 120 and 150Gy for one hour and stored. The controls samples and the stored irradiated samples were analysed to determine their acridity content. The effect of storage time on the acridity content of the irradiated cocoyam samples was studied. The main and interaction effects of storage time and dosage on acridity content were obtained statistically. The result of the study showed that there was a 50% reduction in the acridity content of the irradiated samples after 28 weeks of storage. A significant impact on the acridity content for all the varieties at above 80Gy was observed from the result of the study. There is limited information on the effect of gamma irradiation dose rate and storage period on the acridity in the four cocoyam varieties found in Nigeria. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of gamma irradiation dose rate and storage period on the acridity content of these four cocoyam varieties.
Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technical, and Social Evaluation of Waste Management in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: ZB Gandaa , H Rene van , R K Dogbey
Published: December 2024

The safe and productive use of solid and liquid waste implied in Tamale Metropolis was deemed necessary following the discriminatory use of this waste in urban and peri-urban as a result of the soaring price of inorganic fertilizer which was not affordable to farmers, especially in the peri-urban communities. Collaboration with farmers, opinion leaders, government institutions (EPA, District Assemblies, MoFA, and MoH), compost factories, NGOs, Public toilet operators, etc. A questionnaire checklist on thematic areas and expected interviews were conducted. Collaboration of these stakeholders in sanitation has been constrained to water or treated or untreated wastewater and organic waste (including human/animal excreta) in small-scale agricultural production. The objective of using FIETS in monitoring is to determine the financial, technical, and institutional capabilities, and social acceptance of producers, users, and institutions concerned with the management of waste in the Metropolis. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) was used to take locations of waste collection points (public toilets, markets), disposal sites, and compost preparation sites. The contributions of the institutions concerning financial, institutional capacity, environmental awareness, technical capability, and social acceptance were ranked from 5-highest to 1-lowest and presented in web diagrams and interpreted. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Household questionnaire administration. The result of the monitoring indicates that institutions of the transformation that Urban and Peri-Uban Agriculture (UPA), water, and sanitation will undergo, thus helping to influence policy or by-laws of the Metropolis. Successful management of biodegradable waste requires collaboration across various sectors. By working together, governments, businesses, educational institutions, NGOs, and individuals can create a sustainable waste management system that benefits the environment and reduces landfill use.
In-vitro and In-silico Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Common Bangladeshi Fruit: An Approach to Find Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Hossain Md. Rabiul , Sharif Syeda Ridita , Bhuiya Md. Abdul Motaleb , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Sharma Shankar
Published: December 2024

Background: From the ancient time, medicinal plants are utilized to mitigate different disease. In Ayurveda and Siddha indigenous medicinal systems, the bark of Syzygium cumini (L.) (Myrtaceae) is used for sore bronchitis, asthma, throat, dysentery, seasickness and ulcers.
Objectives: The present experiment was executed to explore the anti-inflammatory property of Syzygium cumini fruit from it’s methanolic extract through phytochemical screening as well as the in-silico approach.
Methods: In this experiment, standard method such as human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilizing method was utilized to discover the phytochemical responsible for anti-inflammatory activity present in methanolic crude extract of Syzygium cumini fruits. In-silico ADME/T and molecular docking study was performed to assess the potential of stated phytochemicals against Cyclooxygenase-II enzyme.
Findings: The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and saponins were confirmed by phytochemical screening. In membrane stabilizing method, the extract showed a maximum membrane stabilizing effect on HRBC with 62.381% at 1000 µg/mL in hypotonic solution 37.619% hemolysis were found when compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited 87.143% protection. Twenty-three phytochemicals exhibit notable pharmacokinetics properties and passed drug likeness screening test in silico. In molecular docking study, Dihydromyricetin showed docking score (-9.1 kJ/mol) near as high as standard drug Celecoxib (-9.5 kJ/mol) with significant non-bonding interactions with target enzyme.
Conclusions: The result of the present study demonstrates a favorable baseline in progression for the possible use of fruit of Syzygium cumini to treat inflammation.
Varietal Characterization and Selection of Superior Parents for Hybridization Programme in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: S Keerthana , R Suguna , P R Arunthathi , M Bulkees Fathimal , A Celestina Sherlin , Prabhu Jesrin Hermitha , Saliqu Mohammed Abu , K Monica , A Sanjay
Published: December 2024

The present study was conducted to examine the genetic basis of yield and its related components, enabling selection based on heritability and genetic gain. The experiment involved the evaluation of fourteen accessions of green gram in Kharif season of year 2024 in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected from ten important yield related characters and analysed statistically. ANOVA revealed significant variation in the genetic material used in the study. Among the studied genotypes, CO 7, CO 4, CO 8, and CO 6 were identified as superior for seed yield based on their mean performance.The phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation, indicating that the observed variation between the two is primarily due to the genotypes, with minimal environmental influence. Notably, single trait, number of pods per plant exhibited both high heritability and high genetic advance.
Biogenic Synthesis and Comparative Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activities of Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles of Dialium guineense Leaf Extract against Human Pathogens
Authors: GO Ikeh , PE Ugwu , RC Okpoto , EA Njoku , CC Diovu , CC Adonu
Published: December 2024

Aim: The study aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of green synthesis of silver and zinc nanoparticles.
Study Design: Experimental.
Methodology: A biogenic and facile method of synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs) using silver nitrate and zinc nitrate as precursors and an aqueous extract of Dialium guineense leaf (DGL) as a reducing agent respectively was demonstrated in this work. The synthesized DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs were checked for their antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Comparative assessment of the antimicrobial activities of DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs against human pathogens were also conducted. Characterization of the metallic nanoparticles were carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area measurement.
Results: Both metallic nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of microbes. However, One-way ANOVA of the IC50 of microbial growth inhibition profile shows significant mean difference between DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; DGL—SNPs showed improved outcome to the DGL—ZNPs with a P value of  at. The surface Plasmon resonance absorption peak of 275 and 261 nm for DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs respectively; FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, saponin, and alkaloid that play the major roles in stabilizing the DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs. XRD result shows a crystallite size of 27.9 nm and 22.6 nm from the width of the principal peak reflection of (0 1 3) and (1 2 2) respectively for DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; EDX shows the formation of Silver atoms and ZnO in the DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; from the BET, the average particle size 59.76 nm for silver and 70.17 nm for zinc. The SEM showed the irregular structure of DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles and zinc nanoparticles as a promising agent against human pathogens.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon flexuosus Oil against Some Selected Pathogenic Microorganism
Authors: Manjulatha C. , Goel Alka , Singh Ajay Veer , Rani Anita , Debnath Sanjoy , Singh Ashok Kumar , Srivastava R. K. , Singh S B
Published: December 2024

Essential oils are concentrated substances extracted from plant components such as leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, roots, and bark. These oils contain volatile organic compounds that are responsible for their distinctive aroma and therapeutic effects. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Ocimum gratissimum L (Clove basil) and Cymbopogon flexuosus (Lemongrass) against two gram-positive bacteria, two gram-negative bacteria, and one fungus, using the agar well diffusion method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of selected essential oils revealed the presence of functional groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic rings. The results showed that both oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with Cymbopogon flexuosus (Lemongrass) being more effective, completely inhibiting the growth of Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus altitudinus at concentrations up to 40%. The zone of inhibition for Cymbopogon flexuosus against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. RRC15 were 25.5 mm and 8.1 mm at 100% concentration, respectively. Ocimum gratissimum L showed lower antimicrobial activity than Cymbopogon flexuosus, with the zone of inhibition in the decreasing order of Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus altitudinus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas spp. RRC15. Both essential oils completely inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at concentrations ranging from 100% to 40%. The antimicrobial activity was attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as citral, eugenol, and other monoterpenes in the essential oils, which disrupt bacterial and fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death. These findings highlight the potential of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents for various applications including plant-based crop protection practices and in food and textile industries.
Energy Optimization of Dimethyl Ether (DME) Production Process from Methanol Dehydration
Authors: Ghoffaru Al Fath , Grasia Jovian Luxioctafiano , Wijaya Athallah Akmal , Ramadhan Narendra Dzaki , Saputro Andre Nur , Maharani Anggistia
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable and clean alternative fuels has driven the focus on dimethyl ether (DME), an environmentally friendly and non-toxic chemical with high potential as a fuel and industrial solvent. DME can be produced from various raw materials such as natural gas, methanol, biomass, and coal. This study investigates the optimization of DME production from methanol dehydration using a fixed-bed plug flow reactor and γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, emphasizing energy efficiency improvements. Modifications were implemented in the Aspen HYSYS simulation by replacing the conventional heater with heat exchanger and utilizing heat generated during cooling process for another heating process. The results demonstrated a significant reduction 65.8 % in net energy consumption from 8.54×106 kJ/h to 2.92×106 kJ/h, validating the effectiveness of these modifications by leveraging Aspen HYSYS simulations, the proposed design achieved high process efficiency while maintaining the target DME purity of 99.95 % produced. This research highlights the potential of heat integration strategies to enhance the economic and environmental performance of DME production processes. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).