bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mountain tourism research. A review
Authors: Río-Rama María , Maldonado-Erazo Claudia , Durán-Sánchez Amador , Álvarez-García José
Published: February 2022

In recent years, mountain tourism has gradually increased its position among tourists´ preferences at international level. The main reason is the strong relationship that man develops with nature and precisely with the mountain, becoming a destination of great tourist influx. An adequate use of these tourist flows results in the development of a sustainable activity, capable of contributing to the improvement of economic conditions in these areas. The objective of this research is to identify and analyse the indexed scientific production on "mountain tourism" in the international databases Scopus and Web of Science, in order to analyse in-depth the current state of this area of study. The work methodology focuses on a bibliometric analysis of the 134 items identified by searching the term "Mountain Tourism". Prior to this analysis, the level of coverage and overlap of the information in both databases was analysed. The results show that Scopus performs a greater coverage of scientific production. In addition, the research is in its exponential growth stage, most researchers are small producers, only 19 have between two and three publications and the European continent is the most prolific in research on mountain tourism. Finally, note that, despite its long coverage over time, more than 40 years, it is an emerging area of study and there are many research lines that must be studied further.
Location-based services in tourism: An empirical analysis of factors influencing usage behaviour
Authors: Uphaus Per , Ehlers Annika , Rau Harald
Published: February 2022

This contribution focuses on tourists’ usage behaviour of Location-Based Services (LBS) during their vacation. LBS represents technologies that localise a user’s mobile device (Turowski & Pousttchi 2004: 73) to offer services and content based on the user’s current geographical location (Egger & Jooss 2010: 21; Frey et al. 2015: 124). In vacation spots tourists find themselves in a situation characterised by increased information and service needs (Link & Seidl 2008: 56). Given that, LBS are considered to be promising services in the tourist industry (Egger & Jooss 2010: 21). In order to make use of the entire potential of LBS in tourism, the following key question needs to be answered: Which factors influence tourists’ usage behaviour of LBS and which possibilities can be derived for tourism providers and destinations? To answer its research question, this empirical study follows a deductive approach using UTAUT2, a popular technology acceptance model. The findings show a high usage rate of LBS in vacation and indicate that especially performance expectancy, effort expectancy as well as hedonic motivation influence the rate of usage. Considering these main causes, we derive theoretical implications as well as valuable clues for tourism management in practice.
Climate change in low mountain ranges: Opportunities in sustainable Black Forest tourism
Authors: Thimm Tatjana , Bild Christine , Kalff Michael
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to portray the risks of climate change for low mountain range tourism and to develop sustainable business models as adaption strategy. A mixed-method-approach is applied combining secondary analysis, a quantitative survey, and qualitative in-depth-interviews in a transdisciplinary setting. Results show, that until now, climate change impacts on the snow situation in the Black Forest – at least above 1,000 m – have been mild and compensated by artificial snowmaking, and up to now have not had measurable effects on tourism demand. In general, the Black Forest appears to be an attractive destination for more reasons than just snow. The climate issue seems to be regarded as a rather incidental occurrence with little importance to current business decisions. However, the authors present adaption strategies as alternatives for snow tourism, e. g. the implementation of hiking hostels, since climate change will make winter tourism in the Black Forest impossible in the long run.
The influence of airport security procedures on the intention to re-travel
Authors: Al-Saad Saad , Ababneh Abdelkader , Alazaizeh Mohammad
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine empirically the relationships between, on the one side, awareness, feeling of comfort, of Jordanian international travellers towards airport security procedures, and on the other, their intention to re-travel. Three levels of airport security procedures were examined: standard, elevated and racial profiling/human treatment independently in one single model. A quantitative survey based on a convenience sample was conducted in Jordan. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis have been conducted to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that travellers' awareness and feeling of comfort toward standard and elevated procedures positively influence their intention to re-travel. Whenever the awareness and feeling of comfort decreased, travellers intend to re-travel less through airports. It was also found that travellers' awareness and feeling of comfort toward racial profiling do not influence their intention to re-travel. Suggested recommendations and policy implications for airport security procedures and airports administrations are discussed.
Does Quality Standards Certification Truly Matter on Operational and Business Performances of Firms? Evidence from Resort Hotels
Authors: Duman Feridun , Ozer Ozgur , Koseoglu Mehmet , Altin Mehmet , Okumus Fevzi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effects of ISO 9001:2015 quality certification on the firm performance. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 241 resort hotels in Turkey. The EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and Cronbach alpha were used in order to test the unidimensionality and reliability of the scales. The difference between the ISO 9001 non/certified resort hotels was determined by t-test in order to test the hypothesis. As one of the first study focusing on how ISO 9001:2015 quality certification influence organizational and business performances of resort hotels in an emerging economy. The results show a significant relationship between the ISO 9001 quality certification and the operational performance, but not a positive one. However, the study does not show any significant relationship between the ISO 9001 quality certification and business performance. Finally, this study provides theoretical and practical implications with limitations and suggestions for potential future studies.
The relationship between personality, customer participation, customer value and customer satisfaction in tourism service
Authors: Wu Cedric , Mursid Ali
Published: February 2022

This study discusses the effects of the Big Five personality traits, namely extraversion, openness, agreeableness, consciousness, and neuroticism, on customer participation in tourism service. Moreover, it verifies the relationship between customer participation, functional value, emotional value and customer satisfaction. The data analysis employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling with a total sample of 496 tour participants. The results show the personality traits of extraversion, openness, and agreeableness significantly affect customer participation, while consciousness and neuroticism insignificantly affect customer participation. Customer participation directly affects customer satisfaction. In addition, customer participation has positive effects on functional value and emotional value, and, subsequently, functional value and emotional value affect customer satisfaction.
Individual Perceptions of the Value of Leisure: The Influence of the Social Democratic Welfare State and Leftist Values Systems
Authors: Webster Craig , Yen Chih-Lun (Alan) , Hji-Avgoustis Sotiris
Published: February 2022

In this work, the authors intend to show that a population’s experience with Marxist governance and an individual’s political ideology conditions individual perceptions of the value of leisure. The authors look into the cross-national variations of the perception of the value that individuals place on leisure, using a database with over 84,000 observations from the World Values Survey from 2010-2014. The authors postulate that Marxist leisure values that have permeated societies either via social democratic welfare states or a socialist welfare state experience create expectations for leisure and that the individual’s self-identification on a left/right political spectrum plays a role in influencing perceptions of the importance of leisure. Several individual-level indicators are used, to ensure that individual-level explanations are taken into account. The authors show that placing value upon leisure is influenced by social democratic regimes and a person’s political ideology on a left/right continuum.
An exploratory and qualitative study on the meaning of transformative tourism and its facilitators and inhibitors
Authors: Pung Jessica , Chiappa Giacomo
Published: February 2022

While transformative tourism may represent a timely form of tourism conveying hope in an ever-changing world, there is still limited research adopting a demand-side perspective and exploring the understanding and experiences that tourists have about transformative tourism. This paper contributes to fill this research gap by analysing transformative tourism experiences and investigating its characteristics, especially the aspects that facilitate and inhibit tourist transformation. Adopting a qualitative semi-structured interview approach, data was also collected on the nature of wellbeing experienced as result of tourism and how former travellers perceived the impact of transformation in daily life after their return. Overall, interviewees primarily viewed subjective tourist transformation as achieving greater self-efficacy, humility and personal enrichment. Findings suggest that transformation facilitators correspond to: interacting with locals and travellers, facing challenges, experiencing the sense of the place, long stays and post-travel reflection; while several aspects emerged as transformation inhibitors, such as short stays, repeated activities, familiar travel companions and the lack of access to the residents’ lifestyle. Participants reported experiencing eudaimonic wellbeing, rather than happiness and hedonia, and discussed the long-lasting effects of their tourist transformation. Managerial and marketing implications are provided, as well as future directions for transformative tourism research.
#10yearschallenge: how co-creation permeated tourism research. A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tregua Marco , D’Auria Anna , Costin Harry
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the conceptual ties between co-creation and tourism that can be found in the academic literature on tourism of the last 10 years with a two-fold purpose: to analyze the main conceptual themes that link co-creation and tourism, and to identify fruitful future research streams.A bibliometric analysis of the literature from 2008 to 2018 allowed for a systematic analysis of links between key constructs. Findings suggest that there are significant opportunities to further explore the connections between cocreation and tourism experience, considered as a multi-actor process based on engagement leading to innovation, and enabling new tourist experiences. Five perspectives on tourism experience emerged from the analysis: firminspired, technology-based, and cultural-based experience; customer satisfaction and participation, and innovation-based experience. These suggest several potential research streams as tourism experiences are recognized to be dynamically co-created through a participatory and engaging process by multiple actors using innovative and technology-based value propositions. Three conceptual pillars emerge from the theoretical analysis: co-creation, as the engine of the process; tourist experience, as the outcome of the co-creative process; and technology, as a key tool to co-create satisfactory tourist experiences.
Price determinants of Airbnb listing prices in Lake Balaton Touristic Region, Hungary
Authors: Dudás Gábor , Kovalcsik Tamás , Vida György , Boros Lajos , Nagy Gyula
Published: February 2022

The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of different accommodation attributes on Airbnb listing prices in a touristic area. The study applied hedonic price modeling utilizing a sample of 2417 Airbnb accommodation rental offers in the Lake Balaton Touristic Region in Hungary. Our results revealed that property-related attributes significantly influence Airbnb prices although the magnitude of these effects is very diverse and complex. The OLS findings showed that the provision of air conditioning, free internet, and free parking are the main determinants of Airbnb price in the sample area, while the number of available photos and the presence of a kitchen does not significantly influence the price. The quantile regression results further demonstrated that capacity, the provision of breakfast, and TV leads to higher prices among the higher-priced accommodations, while the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, smoking, and free parking influence more the prices of lower-end accommodations.
The joy of riding or walk of shame? The theme park experience of obese people
Authors: Poria Yaniv , Beal Jeremy , Reichel Arie
Published: February 2022

This exploratory study focuses on obese people’s perceptions of their theme park experience. Given this study’s objective and the gap in the literature on obese people’s tourist experience, a qualitative research approach was adopted. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants revealed that their theme park experiences included a strong sense of humiliation. This is clearly associated with the interaction between their body, the physical environment and most importantly the human environment. Managerial implications are suggested.
Asymmetries in European inbound and outbound tourism: Normal, luxury or inferior good? Fresh evidence from a quantile regression
Authors: Menegaki Angeliki , Tiwari Aviral , Agiomirgianakis George
Published: February 2022

This paper studies aggregate inbound and outbound tourist demand in Europe for 1995-2015 with a new panel quantile regression approach. It employs tourist arrivals, tourist receipts and tourist expenditure. Besides real domestic income and real exchange rate, the demand is instrumented with environmental degradation and trade openness. Results show that tourism behaves like a normal good when tourist arrivals are used as a predictor of demand and a luxury good when tourism revenue is used instead. Conversely, tourism behaves like an inferior good when tourist expenditure is used.The results suggest that for inbound tourism in Europe to remain competitive, prices should be low to attract inbound tourism while tourism expenditure subsidization programmes should take place for European residents to be able to afford outbound tourism.
Comparative analysis of Olympic and Paralympic tourists
Authors: Vetitnev Alexandr , Bobina Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this paper is to identify the differences in behaviour and expenditures of the Olympic and Paralympic tourists during the XXII Olympic Winter Games. The analysis showed that these two tourists’ flows differed in terms of the objectives of the trip, the reasons for travel, the level and structure of spending. Olympic visitors were classified as the primary sports tourist profile. Paralympic tourists explained their visit to the Games as a concomitant event and relate mainly to the profile, which was called by Weed (2008) “the tourists interested in sport”. It was also found that tourists’ daily spending during the Olympics was significantly higher than Paralympic visitors’ expenditures and amounted approximately US$ 259 vs. US$ 191.
Determinants of travellers’ expenditures at airports
Authors: Chiappa Giacomo , Loriga Salvatore , Meleddu Marta
Published: February 2022

This study applies a Double-Hurdle Model to a sample of 2,723 passengers to analyse whether socio-demographics (i.e. gender, age, level of education, income and place of residence), travel-related variables (i.e. type of accommodation and travel party) and flight-related determinants (i.e. check-in mode, wait time) and the pre- intention to buy significantly influence passengers’ shopping behaviours (i.e. to buy or not to buy and the amount of money to be spent). Findings reveal that the ‘decision to buy’ is significantly influenced by travel-related (i.e. type of accommodation and travel party) and flight-related (i.e. wait time) variables only. On the contrary, the level of expenditure is significantly influenced by socio-demographics (i.e. age and income), travel-related variables (i.e. type of accommodation and travel party), flight-related variables (i.e. type of check-in) and pre-intention to buy. Overall, findings show that the determinants of ‘decision to buy’ and of ‘how much to spend’ are not the same. Furthermore, a key highlight is that the check-in modality exerts a significant influence on the level of expenditure, with passengers making their check-in in a traditional modality spending more than their counterparts who check- in online. Contributions to theory and managerial implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.
Checking convergence hypothesis of the Russia tourist market
Authors: Pshenichnykh Yulia , Yakimenko Marianna , Zhertovskaja Elena
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the convergence hypothesis for the main countries which have tourist flows to Russia. To test the convergence hypothesis, the authors follow existing papers by applying a unit root test between the total number of international tourist arrivals and the international tourist arrivals from a certain initial market. The results show long-term convergence in the tourist market of Russia. Structural change testing revealed that thirteen countries show signs of convergence with discontinuity periods, which are mainly observed in Russia during the period of 2014–2015. These findings mean that the policies used by the state to increase the total number of visitors arriving in Russia have been successful, and maintaining these strategies can continue to increase the number of international visitors to the country.
Drivers of eWOM intensity: differences between hoteliers’ perception and real reviews
Authors: Perez-Aranda Javier , Guerreiro Manuela , Mendes Júlio
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine whether eWOM intensity is related to use intensity, commitment, and competence of brands’ review sites. The study is applied to hotels on TripAdvisor and compares brand’s perception and real effects. Results of a survey of 332 hotels listed on TripAdvisor are compared with data collected from TripAdvisor. The method consists of comparing these data with the perception of hoteliers, to determine if the drivers use intensity, commitment, and competence have similar effects on eWOM intensity. Regarding correlation analysis, some similarities are found, all drivers included in both models are positively correlated with each explained variable. However, regression analysis revealed differences between drivers of eWOM intensity when the explained variable is based on hoteliers’ perception instead of objective data. While, no variable is significant when eWOM intensity is based on perception, the variable use intensity shows a significant relation, when eWOM intensity is assessed by actual reviews. The findings suggest that use intensity is a determinant factor of eWOM intensity. Furthermore, differences between brands’ perception and real reviews are observed.
Exploring the effect of push and pull motivation factors on destination satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence from Amenity Migration Perspectives
Authors: Unguren Engin , Tekin Ömer , Bayirli Mehmet
Published: February 2022

This study was carried out within the context of amenity migration addressed as a category of post-tourismmovements group with a purposeful sample of 489 participants. The main purpose of this research is to explore themotivations of participants of different nationalities in Alanya by using a push and pull framework and toinvestigate the relationship between motivation and overall destination satisfaction. A quantitative researchmethodology was adopted, and the descriptive and explanatory research methods were used. The findings of thisstudy indicated that pull and push motivations of participants differ according to country origin. Furthermore, theresults revealed that push and pull motivations significantly influence destination satisfaction. Moreover, it wasconcluded that push motivation factors of Middle Eastern and Russian participants had a higher impact ondestination satisfaction than European participants. Findings of the research were discussed along with theirtheoretical contributions and managerial implications.
Communicating and Promoting Sustainability in Tourism: An Analysis of the Official Websites of the Italian Regions
Authors: Spinelli Riccardo
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the orientation towards sustainability in the online communication of Italian Regions, by evaluating – between December 2019 and January 2020 – the content of official tourism websites and assessing whether this orientation is associated with specific destination characteristics. Sustainability orientation of the websites is measured by the Green D-web Score, a checklist of 35 items of sustainability-oriented content. The destinations’ profile is considered in terms of adoption levels of sustainable regulations and practices, the intensity of tourism development, the size and the tourism maturity.

The analysis returns Green D-Web Score scores between 5 and 32, out of a maximum of 35, with a median value of 19.5. Sustainability orientation of online communication is significantly and directly associated with the adoption of sustainable regulations and practices and the tourist pressure of the destination, while relationships with size and maturity are not significant.
Factors influencing guests’ hotel quality appraisals
Authors: Fernández-Barcala Marta , González-Díaz Manuel , Prieto-Rodriguezb Juan
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse the factors influencing the service quality appraisals left by hotel guests on Tripadvisor website. First we hypothesise that price and hotel-star category are the main determinants of ex ante expectations, and that they negatively affect the ex post quality appraisal. This is because the higher the expectations are, the lower the probability is that the hotel achieved the expected quality. Second we measure other determinants of objective quality, such as the age of facilities and offered services. Third we study the island effect, i.e., whether the hotels located in the Balearic and Canary Islands obtain higher evaluations than hotels on continental Europe. The results confirm that the price and the hotel star category negatively affect quality assessments. Furthermore, the age of facilities affects the assessments negatively Finally there appears to be no island effect in terms of quality assessment. The findings suggests that ex ante expectations are essential factors in the ex post evaluation.
Customers’ Behavioural Immune System Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A conceptual framework
Authors: Huang Arthur , Farboudi Jahromi Melissa , Marquez Julia
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed various obstacles and restrictions for the tourism and hospitality industry. This paper adopts the concept of the behavioural immune system to discuss tourism and hospitality customers’ potential behaviours during the pandemic and provide business strategies that can address these behaviours. The behavioural immune system is a motivational system that determines individuals’ behaviours to pathogen infection. First, this study introduces the mechanism of the behavioural immune system including environmental evaluation and aversive perception, aversive emotional and cognitive responses, and avoidance behaviours. It also provides examples in the guest service context to better portray the mechanism. Second, the study suggests specific measures for tourism and hospitality businesses that may help them to prevent the aversive and avoidance responses of customers triggered by their behavioural immune system during the pandemic. Then, the study integrates customers’ responses and businesses’ measures in a framework, which extends the literature on customers’ behaviour in the hospitality and tourism context. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the concept of behavioural immune system is adopted to discuss customers’ behaviours towards tourism and hospitality services during a pandemic.
Digital evolution in tourism marketing channels: Greek tourism industry and Online Travel Agencies
Authors: Kontis Alexios-Patapios , Skoultsos Sofoklis
Published: February 2022

Many unexpected challenges not only for tourism businesses but also for travellers emerged when current shifts in economic, technological, social, and political factors led to a sudden and quick growth of e-intermediaries. Although it was anticipated that the Internet would open new opportunities in the tourism industry, especially as regards more choices and a closer cooperation between consumers and suppliers, this, in fact, is not the case. The appearance of e-intermediaries, but mainly their consolidation and strengthening have led to a series of major rearrangements in the tourist sector. Online distribution channels have changed the existing traditional marketing structures of tourism (e.g. travel agencies and tour operators) but have also had a catalytic effect on the composition of the hospitality sector (e.g. hotels and Airbnb rentals). It is essential for tourism professionals to be aware of new opportunities and threats within tourism distribution channels so that they will be able to remain competitive and successful. This paper examines the hoteliers’ opinions on recent changes in tourism distribution in the digital era.
Systems approach to residents’ irritation in urban tourism destinations
Authors: Stumpf Petr , Lusticky Martin , Vojtko Viktor , Jere Jakulin Tadeja
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the highly demanding issue of managing residents’ attitudes towards tourism development in urban tourism destinations. The objective of this study was to find efficient solutions in how to manage residents’ attitudes systematically to reduce residents’ irritation in urban destinations, which are considered as complex systems. Therefore, the systems approach methods such as system dynamics and simulation modelling were used. The presented system dynamic model represents the main theoretical contribution of this paper and fills a gap in the current theory of using systems approach to manage residents’ attitudes and reduce residents’ irritation. The model enables wide range of simulations and can be applied in practice in urban destinations with high tourism intensity to find suitable solutions for a particular destination. The case of Český Krumlov Town, the Czech Republic, show that regulating the number of visitors helps to reduce the overall irritation of residents, especially in peak times when overcrowding occurs, but this alone may not be sufficient to keep residents’ irritation lower in the long-term. Therefore, it is necessary to use a more advanced approach by combining visitor management with benefits for residents.
A bibliometric analysis of length of stay studies in tourism
Authors: Atsız Ozan , Öğretmenoğlu Mert , Akova Orhan
Published: February 2022

Despite its importance to both tourism destinations and scholars, there is no record of research via bibliometric analysis of the length of stay (LOS). This paper, therefore, aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of LOS in tourism, based on publications in the Web of Science database (WOS). For this purpose, 60 documents published in top- tier tourism journals were analysed through bibliometric analysis. The research data was processed, and bibliographic display maps were created using the Visualisation of Similarities (VOS) viewer software. This study focuses mainly on 10 parameters, such as top contributing authors, countries and organisations, the most cited articles, the annual number of publications, the co-occurrence of author keywords in papers, the co-citation analysis of authors and journals, and the bibliographic coupling of countries and authors.
Museums’ accessibility for senior citizens: Some evidence from Italy
Authors: Giammanco Maria Daniela , Gitto Lara , Ofria Ferdinando
Published: February 2022

This paper uses the information on elderly visitors, drawn from a survey carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2018, to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder senior tourists’ visits to museums. The resulting evidence captures how the accessibility of museums impacts the share of elderly visitors who have access problems and higher need of assistance and, therefore, provides useful information to improve cultural supply. The econometric analysis shows some significant relationships between the dependent variable, namely, the share of senior visitors on the total visitors, and the dummy variables employed as regressors indicating the existence of free admission for a certain category of visitors who have a problem of access, free admission for accompanying person, the presence of communication/promotional campaigns aimed at seniors visitors, the presence of an on- line catalogue, and support for visitors with access difficulties. Monetary reasons are not a major hindrance to enjoy cultural sites. The study further outlines certain aspects that should be taken into account to increase senior citizens’ participation in museum activities.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems in tourism: An analysis of characteristics from a systems perspective
Authors: Bachinger Monika , Kofler Ingrid , Pechlaner Harald
Published: February 2022

This paper transfers the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) to tourism. First it investigates the characteristic of an EE in tourism by comparing it to an existing model. Second, the sector-specificity of the EE in tourism is discussed by referring to the system’s boundaries, operations and purposes, thus linking research on EEs in tourism more strongly to key concepts of systems theory. This is done by evaluating 19 interviews from South Tyrol in a qualitative approach using GABEK (Holistic Processing of Linguistic Complexity), which includes rule-based coding of interviews and visualisation of results in a network graph. Results show that the evaluated EE in tourism shares features familiar to EEs in other business sectors. This is an elevated role of long-standing entrepreneurs, social networks, governance, shared knowledge and learning. However, there are also tourism-specific features, such as culture and landscape, which directly provide resources for entrepreneurship. Governance does not emerge from the interaction of entrepreneurs, but from public bodies. The system’s output is not ambitious entrepreneurship, but innovative, sustainable and collective entrepreneurship. However, there is the need for further research to clearly determine the system’s sector specificity.
Coordinating commission to hotels and online travel agencies
Authors: Chen Chi-Jen
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to find the optimal commission rate that the hotels pay the online travel agencies under cooperative decentralization. A Stackelberg game theory is utilized to model their decision making. The online travel agency who sets and provides a commission rate to the hotel acts as the leader; the hotel who decides the guest room rate is the follower. The results show that the optimal commission rate under cooperative decentralization is the ratio of the online travel agency unit cost to total unit cost. The sum of these two firms’ profit will equal the profits under the centralized channel. Notably, even decentralization occurs if through coordination, it can still obtain the maximum profit the same as under centralization.
Bouncing back or bouncing forward? Tourism destinations’ crisis resilience and crisis management tactics
Authors: Ketter Eran
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the tourism literature has demonstrated a growing interest in the concept of resilience and its implications for travel and tourism. However, the research of resilience in tourism is still in its early stages and there are many challenges ahead. In response to these challenges, the current study examines how tourism destinations are practising recovery and resilience in the face of crisis, using case study analysis of global destinations overcoming a crisis: France, Turkey, Russia, Korea, Belgium and Egypt. The results of the study indicate the use of both crisis management practices and tourism resilience tactics by these destinations. Taking the perspective of the resilience theory, the findings of the study demonstrate that, following a crisis, destinations will focus on re-orienting the tourism system and regenerating tourism growth. These responses include investment in infrastructure and facilities, product development, market development and conduct structural reforms. The outcomes of the study contribute to the understanding of resilience tactics and its practices by global destinations, and shed a new light on the relations between tourism destinations, tourism crisis and tourism resilience.
Cultural tourism and quality of life: Results of a longitudinal study
Authors: Cecil Amanda , Fu Yao-Yi , Wang Suosheng , Avgoustis Sotiris
Published: February 2022

Cultural tourism development is considered a viable channel to attract tourists to a destination and to enhance residents’ overall quality of life (QOL). Since the early 2000’s, Indianapolis, Indiana has dedicated considerable public and private investment into developing and promoting cultural attractions, festivals, educational events, and other offerings. This research reports the findings of a five-year study, from 2004-2008, to monitor patterns and changes in residents’ quality of life (QOL) measurement and perceptions of cultural tourism. The results indicate that there are not significant increases in QOL ratings of Indianapolis residents, as it relates to cultural tourism development. However, the series of studies yield interesting conclusions that have practical implications for municipality and tourism leaders who continually evaluate the city’s cultural tourism initiatives.
Real Wages as Determinant of Labour Productivity in the Mexican Tourism Sector
Authors: Brida Juan , Risso Wiston , Carrera Edgar , Carrera Edgar
Published: February 2022

In this paper we use time-series techniques to estimate the long-run relationship between real wages and labour productivity in the Mexican tourism. Using yearly data from 1970 to 2004, we find a cointegration relationship showing that the average labour productivity depends positively on real wages. We show that real wage is weakly exogenous and causes labour productivity. Moreover, the impulse-response function shows that a positive shock in real wages produces a small negative effect in productivity for two years followed by a large positive one.
A comparative study of visitors to urban, coastal and rural areas. Evidence from the island of Crete
Authors: Andriotis Konstantinos
Published: February 2022

Taking as a case three diverse geographical locations, the coastal resort of Amoudara, the city of Heraklion and the village of Archanes, all of them within the border of the Prefecture of Heraklion on the island of Crete, the aim of this study has been set to provide a better understanding of differences between urban, rural and coastal tourists based on the attributes of the place they visit. Although due to various limitations results cannot be generalized beyond the study population, it was intriguing to find differences in motivations and preferences of urban, rural and coastal tourists which are a consequence of socio-demographic, motivation and travel-related variables. Based on these differences, this study provides implications for future decision making to target specific market segments.
Residents’ perceptions of tourism impact and their support for tourism development: the case study of Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam
Authors: Long Pham , Kayat Kalsom
Published: February 2022

Cuc Phuong National Park (CPNP) is Vietnam’s first national park, which has become a model for national parks and protected systems in Vietnam since its establishment in 1962. In spite of its importance to tourism, no systematic analysis has been undertaken thus far to understand the perceptions of its residents toward tourism in their area. Guided by the Social Exchange Theory, this study investigated Cuc Phuong National Park (CPNP) residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and their support for tourism development in their areas. Additionally, the study also explored how demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, place of birth, marital status and level of education, household monthly income, job status and length of residency) explain residents’ perceptions and their support. It was found that residents in general have positive perceptions towards the impacts brought by tourism in CPNP especially with regards to its social-cultural and environmental impacts and they strongly supported tourism development. However, these perceptions differ according to residents’ socio-demographic characteristics. The study also revealed that residents’ age and gender and their perceptions of tourism impacts could be predictors for their support for tourism development in CPNP. Based on these findings, the concluding part discusses the study’s implications and provides suggestions for the future.
Visualising groups of European destinations
Authors: Marcussen Carl
Published: February 2022

This paper applies a technique called multidimensional scaling (MDS) to illustrate how European destinations are positioned in relation to each other. The basis for doing so is bednight statistics from Eurostat for the period from 1998 to 2009 for 33 European destinations (countries, nations). For each destination bednights are registered in four categories: domestic hotel guests, foreign hotel guests, domestic guests at other types of accommodation, and foreign guests at other types of accommodation. With bednights on a monthly basis, this makes a data matrix with 12*12*4=576 cases. The variables are the destinations, which count up to 28, when combining a few of them. Month or quarter, guest type, and type of accommodation are dummy-variables. A series of MDS diagrams are shown. Two separate factor analyses are used to form groups of destinations, which are also visible in two of the three MDS diagrams. The European destinations for international visitors can be grouped by major language spheres.
Key success factors for fan zones (public viewings) covering mega sport events – the case of UEFA EURO 2008 TM in Austria
Authors: Schnitzer Martin , Stickdorn Marc
Published: February 2022

This article sheds light on results from a quantitative on-site visitor satisfaction survey (n=8,093), a post-event analysis based on a subsequent quantitative analysis (n=25) and five qualitative TM interviews with key decision makers involved in the UEFA EURO 2008 . Based on a dual importance grid analysis, key success factors in organising mega sports events have been identified, particularly with respect to fan zones and public viewings. Comfort in fan zones was identified as an excitement factor for visitors, while pre-match entertainment is often over-estimated by event organisers. Creating a good atmosphere is an important performance factor, while a general level of safety is perceived as a basic factor by event visitors. Furthermore, the paper in hand reveals discrepancies in event perception between different stakeholder groups, such as visitors, event right holders and event organisers. It became evident that the event organisers’ views differ significantly from those of the spectators and that consideration of spectators’ interests is crucial to organising fan zones successfully. In conclusion, experts commented on the results and highlighted the importance of external factors such as general organisation, weather and location of the fan zone.
Why service recovery fails: A case study on the Norwegian Coastal Voyage (Hurtigruten)
Authors: Skaalsvik Hugo
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with a service recovery study carried out on the prestigious Norwegian Coastal Voyage (NCV) or the Hurtigruten, which is the brand name. The research is based on a collection of 51 service failure incidents, of which 16 were recovered by the service provider. However, 35 service failure incidents were not recovered, and the paper documents why service recovery failed in these cases on the Hurtigruten. The findings show that the service actors, the service leadership due to lack of service competencies, the service employees due to lack of knowledge, skills and empowerment, and the customers themselves due to their own attitudes and behaviours explain why service recovery failed.
Exploring interdependencies in students’ vacation portfolios using association rules
Authors: Grigolon Anna , Kemperman Astrid , Timmermans Harry
Published: February 2022

The transition into adulthood is usually associated with changes and events, accompanied by developments in young people’s social status and consequently, some changes in travel and transport use. This makes the students’ segment highly relevant for both marketing companies and policy-makers. The goal of this paper is to explore the overall vacation portfolio of decisions of students. Data about vacation history in terms of the long holidays of a sample of 211 students was used. To avoid any limiting a priori statistical assumptions in the analysis, the existence of any interdependencies in the vacation portfolios and their covariates are explored in this study using Association Rules Mining. Results indicate that, in addition to expected associations between socio- demographics characteristics, student’s vacation choices are very heterogeneous.
The relationship between tourism and residents’ quality of life: A case study of Harkány, Hungary
Authors: Michalkó Gábor , Bakucz Márta , Rátz Tamara
Published: February 2022

The paper delineates the connections between tourism and the local population’s quality of life in Harkány, a spa-town located in Southwest Hungary. During the spring of 2011, a questionnaire survey of 297 residents was undertaken in the town, in order to investigate their participation in tourism, and associated quality of life issues. In addition, residents’ attitudes related to thermal spa development in the town were analysed, together with the use of spa facilities by locals. The data analysis suggested that whilst the spa has a significant presence in the everyday life of the residents, the development of spa tourism has had very limited effects on their quality of life.
From sun and sea tourism to cultural tourism – the case of Split-Dalmatia county
Authors: Tomljenović Renata , Kunst Ivo
Published: February 2022

This paper presents empirical research conducted for the purpose of designing a conceptual development model needed to gradually transform Croatia’s Middle Dalmatia region from a sun & sea to a world-class cultural-tourism destination. The first step in the process involved conducting an inventory, classification and evaluation of regional cultural attractions in terms of their market potential, appeal, and stage of market readiness. Following this initial groundwork, and in order to define acceptable development principles and outline preferred courses of action, the second step of the process focused on a region-wide stakeholder consultation process which included organization of regional workshops, focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with regional and/or local tourism and culture professionals, event managers, tourist boards’ directors and community leaders. Following the input provided by the relevant cultural tourism stakeholders throughout the Middle Dalmatia region, distinctive development principles have been specified. Based on these development principles, a structured cultural tourism development concept has been proposed to ensure both, international competitiveness and long-term sustainability.
Il metal detector: alleato o avversario della ricerca storica? Inghilterra e Italia a confronto nel diritto
Authors: Ferreri Silvia
Published: February 2022

Il confronto, provocato da circostanze contingenti, tra Regno Unito e Italia, mette in evidenza un maggiore linearità e accessibilità delle norme che regolano l’invenzione di oggetti storici o archeologici nella normazione di Westminster. Non si deve sottovalutare l’importanza di prescrizioni facilmente reperibili e chiare: impedire totalmente la ricerca di testimonianze del passato è irrealistico, conviene fissare in maniera realistica le condizioni in cui questo può avvenire, incentivando chi faccia un ritrovamento a renderlo pubblico, sapendo di poter contare su un compenso e su un riconoscimento. La normativa italiana è in continua revisione, le politiche che ispirano la tutela dei beni culturali subiscono aggiornamenti e abbondano in misura e in dettagli. Orientarsi non è facile, le sanzioni per le infrazioni sono difficili da applicare, il commercio illegale finisce per essere redditizio.
Prohexadiona de calcio como regulador de crecimiento en el manzano (Malus domestica Borkh.) “Golden Delicious”, Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Kiessling-Davison Chistian Mauricio , Magaña-Magaña José Eduardo , Segovia-Lerma Armando , Obando-Rodríguez Arturo Javier , Villarreal-Ramírez Víctor Hugo
Published: February 2022

En Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua, el cultivo de manzano presenta, en ocasiones, un crecimiento de ramas y brotes excesivos, ocasionando competencia por luz y nutrientes. Los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal sintéticos son utilizados para reducir la longitud de brotes sin causar fitotóxicidad y no alterar los patrones de desarrollo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar tres tratamientos, dos de Prohexadione-Calcium, Apogee 27.5%, con dosis de 149.9 g y 206.3 g de ingrediente activo, ambas diluidas en 1000 l de agua y un testigo, para medir la respuesta en el crecimiento de ramas y brotes y su efecto colateral sobre Erwinia amilovora. El diseño experimental fue Bloques Completos al Azar con ocho repeticiones. Se realizaron tres aplicaciones foliares sobre el cultivar “Golden delicious”, el 22 de abril, 6 y 20 de mayo del 2005. La unidad experimental fue de 3 árboles mayores de 10 años, la parcela útil el del centro. Se hicieron cuatro muestreos, los tres primeros se realizaron previos a las aplicaciones correspondientes. En la primera medición todos los tratamientos se comportaron estadísticamente iguales entre si, lo que ayudo a reflejar el efecto de los tratamientos en las otras tres mediciones. En la segunda, las dosis de Apogee manifiestan diferencia estadística entre sí y con el testigo. En la tercera y cuarta medición, los dos tratamientos de Apogee tuvieron las mayores diferencias estadísticas entre sí y con el testigo. La dosis alta redujo el crecimiento de los brotes en un 48.5% en relación al testigo. No se observó efecto de fitotoxicidad.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v1i3.53