bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Recurrence Following Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Aloul A Al
Published: April 2024

Pelvic recurrence is a common outcome following resection with curative intent for rectal cancer originating from various segments of the rectum. In this retrospective observational study involving 219 patients, surgical treatments were administered between 2014 and 2019 across three surgical centers. Procedures included anterior resection with Hartmann’s method (39 patients), anterior resection of rectosigmoid with colorectal anastomosis (130 cases), and abdominoperineal resection (44 cases). After a 2-year follow-up, pelvic recurrence occurred in 19 patients, constituting approximately 8.9% of cases. Recurrent rates were 15.38% for the Hartmann procedure, 9% for abdominoperineal resection, and 7% for anterior resection of rectosigmoid with colorectal anastomosis. The recurrence rate (RR) significantly correlated with the diagnostic stage: stage IV had a 31.4% RR, stage III had a 42.4% RR, stage II had a 21% RR, and stage I had a 5.2% RR. The survival rate among surgically treated patients was 91.99% in the first 2 years after treatment. The findings suggest that rectal cancer diagnosed in advanced stages carries a higher recurrence risk, while a lower recurrence rate indicates the success of curative surgical treatment. Notably, the Hartmann procedure, often performed as an emergency operation for locally advanced lesions, demonstrated the highest recurrence rate.
To Build Quickly, Profitably, and Efficiently Ensuring Russia’s Technological Sovereignty
Authors: FOTIN O.V.
Published: April 2024

The advantage of frame buildings of socio-cultural purpose for the implementation of any social and commercial projects is noted. Proposals have been formulated to create a unified system of technical documentation that can be used by any designers, manufacturers of precast concrete and builders themselves for the entire construction complex of Russia. The main solutions of the RCD system (frame-link frame with diaphragms) are shown, examples of practical application of the RCD system are given. It is noted that the construction of buildings made of precast reinforced concrete, compared with monolithic construction, reduces the cost of construction by at least 20%; reduces construction time by more than half; reduces rebar consumption by at least 20%; reduces concrete consumption by at least 30%.
Achmea, Kramer and Disconnection Clauses. EU Legal Regionalism in Action
Authors: Láncos Petra Lea
Published: April 2024

Over the past decades, the European Union has beengradually developing and maintaining legal regionalism within its jurisdiction. Its purpose is to preserve the achievements of integration, as well as the unity and autonomy of EU law. In this paper, I recount the toolbox of EU legal regionalism from primary law, through the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, to the institution of the so-called disconnection clauses employed by the EU in certain international treaties, expanding also on their possible effects on international law and the Member States’ relations with third parties.
New Regulation on Membership and Investor Shares in Credit Unions. Comparative Interpretation of Polish Law on Credit Unions
Authors: Bierecki Dominik
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses the 2023 amendment to the Act on Credit Unions of 9 November 2009 using dogmatic and comparative methods. First, the author considers membership of partnerships in credit unions in the context of the requirement of a common bond for membership. Second, the author analyses the legal status of investor shares, conditions of dividend payment on their basis, as well as their termination. In conclusion, the author indicates that Polish regulation on membership of partnerships requires establishing multiple common bond credit unions and that restrictions for holders of investor shares in credit unions are similar in Poland and the UK.
Księdza Profesora Jana Szymczyka narracja socjologiczna o wartościach
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: April 2024

..
Ksiądz Jan Szymczyk prowadził swoje badania nad życiem społecznym z perspektywy socjologiczno-aksjologicznej. Idąc tropem jego rozważań, spróbujemy od strony teoretycznej zaprezentować jego socjologiczne rozumienie wartości, przedstawić teoretyczne aspekty modelu badawczego orientacji wartościujących oraz w skrócie zarysować koncepcję transformacji wartości w społeczeństwie polskim. Wartości rozumie się jako duchowe, moralne przekonania podstawowe, kierujące postawami i wzorami zachowań jednostek. Jeżeli zmieniają się wartości, zmieniają się również zależne od nich postawy i wzory zachowań. Wartości mają charakter bardziej ogólnych i trwałych orientacji, określających perspektywy życia codziennego, jego sens i znaczenie, a także wyznaczają pośrednio normy określające konkretne działania. Wartości pojmowane jako cele działań funkcjonują w świadomości jednostek, są uruchamiane i aktualizowane w określonych kontekstach i sytuacjach, kiedy pojawiają się odpowiednie racje, motywacje czy wyzwania. Odgrywają one szczególną rolę w systemie przekonań każdej osoby. Coś jest wartością dla kogoś albo coś ma wartość dla kogoś. Ostatecznie wartość jest wynikiem relacji doznającego i aktywnego podmiotu wobec pewnych przedmiotów świata zewnętrznego.
   Perspektywa aksjologiczna, którą przyjmuje ks. Jan Szymczyk, stanowi jedno z najbardziej istotnych pojęć badawczych, umożliwiających oglądy i konstruowanie obrazów konkretnych podmiotów i fenomenów życia społecznego. Zastosowanie (aplikacja) tej perspektywy sprawia, że badania socjologiczne prowadzone z punktu widzenia wartości (ich deklarowanie, a zwłaszcza uznawanie i internalizowanie), dostarczają wielu cennych informacji na temat jakości i kondycji różnych form i struktur życia publicznego. Akceptowany zbiór czy układ wartości niejednokrotnie przekłada się na afirmowany styl życia, mentalność oraz określoną tożsamość społeczną i strategię działań jednostek i różnych aktorów społecznych. Często zamierzeniem badacza nie jest bezpośrednia charakterystyka wartości jako wartości, ale raczej odkrywanie ich w sposobach myślenia o polityce, gospodarce, życiu publicznym, w kulturze, czyli przy okazji omawiania zasadniczych kwestii, stanowiących przedmiot teoretycznych analiz i badań socjologicznych.
   Perspektywa psychospołeczna czy relacjonistyczna, którą przyjmuje w swoich badaniach socjologicznych nad wartościami Jan Szymczyk, pozwala mu na relatywnie zintegrowany ogląd zróżnicowanych postaw, jakie podmioty (jednostki) zajmują wobec wartości. Wartości mogą być ujmowane jako istniejące w przedmiotach materialnych i niematerialnych (rozumienie przedmiotowe). Po drugie, utożsamia się je z działaniami, czyli związane są z samą relacją, jaka dokonuje się pomiędzy podmiotem a przedmiotem (rozumienie „pośrednie”). Po trzecie, kategorie aksjologiczne sytuują się w doświadczeniu człowieka (rozumienie podmiotowe).
C, O Isotopic Composition of the Neoproterozoic Pre-, Syn-, and Post-Glacial Carbonates of the Longdor Uplift and the Western Slope of the Aldan Shield (South of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Shatsillo A. V. , Rudko S. V. , Latysheva I. V. , Pokrovsky B. G. , Rudko D. V. , Fedyukin I. V. , Kuznetsov A. B.
Published: April 2024

Here we present new data on the C and O isotopic composition in the Neoproterozoic carbonates of the Ballaganakh and Dal’naya Taiga horizons of the southeastern margin of the Patom paleobasin. In the upper part of the Ballaganakh horizon, a negative δ13С anomaly was established. It is comparable in amplitude and stratigraphic position to the Trezona anomaly, which preceded the Marinoan glaciation. The carbonate layers in the glacial deposits of the Nichatka Fm. of the Dal’naya Taiga horizon have moderately positive δ13С values, and the dolomite horizon at the base of the postglacial sequence is characterized by moderately negative values δ13С which is typical for the cap-carbonate sequence associated with the end of the Marinoan glaciation. In the lower part of the postglacial sequence (the Barakun Fm.), there is a gradual increase in the proportion of calcite in the carbonate component of the rocks and a shift in the isotope composition corresponding to the difference in the fractionation coefficients of stable C and O isotopes for dolomite and calcite. This phenomenon, which is also recorded in the postglacial sequences of Namibia and Canada, indicates that the composition of carbonate minerals was determined by a global change in water chemistry, and not by postsedimentary substitution. The overlying carbonate deposits of the Dal’naya Taiga horizon in the epiplatform part of the Patom paleobasin (Sen Fm.) are depleted in 13С compared to their shelf analogs in the Ura uplift. It has been suggested that carbonate accumulation in the epiplatform and shelf facies of the Patom paleobasin occurred asynchronously. The reconstructed trend of variations in the C isotope composition for the Dal’naya Taiga horizon is characterized by positive and low-amplitude negative δ13С anomalies similar to those in the Doushanto Fm. of China.
The Effect of the Knockout of Major Transsulfuration Genes on the Pattern of Protein Synthesis in D. melanogaster
Authors: Zakluta A. S. , Shilova V. Y. , Zatsepina O. G.
Published: April 2024

The enzymes involved in the transsulfuration pathway and hydrogen sulfide production – cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) – play an important cytoprotective role in the functioning of the organism. Using CRISPER/Cas9 technology, we obtained Drosophila lines with deleted cbs, cse, and mst genes as well as with double deletion of cbs and cse genes. We analyzed the effect of these mutations on the pattern of protein synthesis in the salivary glands of third instar larvae and in the ovaries of mature flies. In the salivary glands of lines with cbs and cse deletions, a decrease was found in the accumulation of the FBP2 storage protein containing 20% methionine amino acid residues. In the ovaries, changes were detected in the level of expression and isofocusing points of proteins involved in cell protection against oxidative stress, hypoxia, and protein degradation. It was shown that in the lines with deletions of transsulfuration enzymes the proteins have a similar degree of oxidation to that of the control line. A decrease in the total number of proteasomes and their activity was found in the lines with deletions of the cbs and cse genes.
About Immunological Studies in “Sirius” University
Authors: Astrakhantseva I. V. , Krut’ V. G. , Chuvpilo S. A. , Shevyrev D. V. , Shumeev A. N. , Rybtsov S. A. , Nedospasov S. A.
Published: April 2024

This short report summarizes the results of recent immunological studies conducted at the new Sirius University of Science and Technology. The main area of work is dedicated to the study of the features of the post-vaccination immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the search for potential agents to block that infection.
Factors Affecting the Stability of the Trimer of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate Nucleotide Hydrolase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Yudkina A. V. , Kovalenko E. A. , Endutkin A. V. , Panferova E. P. , Kirilenko A. A. , Kokhanenko A. A. , Zharkov D. O.
Published: April 2024

To prevent erroneous incorporation of dUMP into DNA from the dUTP metabolic pool, all living cells contain 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nucleotide hydrolase (Dut), an enzyme that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. Dut is considered a promising pharmacological target for antimetabolite therapy. Enzymatically active Dut is a trimer that binds the substrate at the interface between the subunits. Here we use high-speed nanoscale differential scanning fluorometry (nanoDSF) to study how various physicochemical factors affect the stability of the E. coli Dut trimer. Unlike for monomeric proteins, thermal denaturation of Dut occurred in two stages, the first of which corresponds to the dissociation of the trimer to monomeric subunits. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds at the interfaces between subunits contributed most to trimer stabilization. The Dut trimer was partially stabilized upon binding of nucleotide ligands. In general, nanoDSF is a convenient assay for screening low molecular weight compounds for their ability to destabilize the active Dut trimer.
The P-element Has Not Significant Effect on the Drosophila simulans Viability
Authors: Zakharenko L. P. , Petrovskii D. V. , Bykov R. A.
Published: April 2024

Cases of horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) between species are known for the Drosophilidae family. In the middle of the last century, the case of horizontal transfer of the P-element from the Drosophila willistoni to the D. melanogaster was described. A novel P-element invasion into the D. simulans genome from D. melanogaster occurred approximately 10 years ago. Currently, the P-element has spread across all D. melanogaster population and 30% of D. simulans populations in Europe, Africa and America. In this paper, we investigated the presence of the P-element in D. simulans lines caught in different years in three Asian populations (Tashkent, Nalchik and Sakhalin Island). We also examined the physiological characteristics (cytotype, lifespan, fecundity and locomotor activity) of D. simulans lines with and without the P-element to determine the significance of this new mobile element in the genome. The P-element was found in lines isolated from nature after 2012. The number of P-element copies per genome (two-to-three dozen according to fluorescence in situ hybridization data) was greater than in the American and comparable to the African populations. There were signs of intraspecific hybrid dysgenesis for some pairs of lines. However, in general the presence of the P-element did not adversely affect the physiological characteristics. Either adaptation to the new TE occurs very quickly, or the rate of movement of the P-element is so insignificant that its appearance in the genome remains unnoticed.
Oxidative Probing of the G4 DNA Structure by ZnP1 Porphyrin within Sequences of MYC and TERT Promotors
Authors: Chashchina G. V. , Kaluzhny D. N.
Published: April 2024

The formation of G4 structures in a DNA double helix competes with the complementary strand, which can change the equilibrium G4 structures studied on single-strand models by classical structural methods. A relevant task is to develop methods for detecting and localizing G4 in extended double-stranded (ds) DNA in the promoter regions of the genome. The porphyrin derivative ZnP1 selectively binds and leads to photo-induced oxidation of guanine in G4 structures on single-stranded (ss) and dsDNA model systems. In this research, we show the oxidative effect of ZnP1 on native sequences of MYC and TERT oncogene promoters that potentially capable to form G4 structures. Single strand breaks in the guanine rich sequence caused by ZnP1 oxidation and subsequent cleavage of the DNA strand by Fpg glycosylase were identified and assigned to the nucleotide sequence. The detected break sites corresponded to sequences potentially capable of forming G4 structures. New data were obtained on the possibility of folding G4 structures in the presence of a complementary strand in the context of the DNA double helix of the natural sequence.
Universal Panel of Insertion–Deletion Polymorphism for Human Genetic Identification and a Biochip-Based Kit ChipID106 for This Purpose
Authors: Fesenko D. O. , Ivanovsky I. D. , Ivanov P. L. , Zemskova E. Yu. , Polyakov S. A. , Fesenko O. E. , Filippova M. A. , Zasedatelev A. S.
Published: April 2024

The paper proposes a panel of 106 insertion–deletion (InDel) polymorphisms and practical testing of the method of their genotyping on biochips. Such fundamental properties of InDel markers as short length and low mutation rate provide them with significant advantages in expert practice over widely used tandem repeats (STRs). In this work, we analyzed the allele distribution of InDel polymorphisms in the five largest world populations (European, East Asian, South Asian, African and American), and selected markers that meet the following criteria: minor allele frequency of more than 0.30, physical distance between markers more than 3 million bp, the absence of polymorphisms, tandem repeats and palindromes in the flanking sequences, the proximity of the AT/GC ratio to 1. As a result, a panel of 106 polymorphisms was formed with an average frequency of the minor allele for all five populations of 0.396. For panel genotyping, a method was developed that included one-step multiplex PCR followed by hybridization on a biological microarray. The average amplicon length was 72 bp. On a sample of 201 residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the main characteristics of the formed panel were determined: the probability of a random match (MP) 1.89 × 10–43, the paternity exclusion potential (CPE) 0.99999999063. The proposed method is an alternative to molecular genetic identification of a person based on variations in the lengths of STR loci.
Latex Agglutination as an Alternative to Hemagglutination Reaction of Influenza Viruses
Authors: Ivanov P. A. , Lyashko A. V. , Ionov S. A. , Shcherbinin D. N. , Rudneva I. A. , Shilov A. A. , Bunkova N. I. , Shmarov M. M. , Timofeeva T. A.
Published: April 2024

As an alternative to the classical method of erythrocyte hemagglutination, a latex agglutination assay based on the interaction of influenza viruses with the sialoglycoprotein fetuin immobilized on the surface of polystyrene microspheres, has been developed. Twelve influenza A virus strains of different subtypes and two influenza B viruses of different lines were tested. Simultaneous titration of viruses using the classical hemagglutination test and the proposed latex agglutination assay showed similar sensitivity and a high degree of correlation (R = 0.94). The obtained microspheres can be used for titration of viruses that recognize and bind sialylated glycans as receptors. In particular, latex aggregation was also induced by the Newcastle disease virus.
Mechanism of Bimodal Effect of DL-Butyonine Sulfoximine of Constitutive Androstane and Pregnane X Receptors in vitro
Authors: Abalenikhina Y. V. , Shchulkin A. V. , Seidkulieva A. A. , Rokunov E. D. , Gadzhieva F. T. , Yakusheva E. N.
Published: April 2024

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnan X receptor (PXR) are nuclear receptors that are involved in the regulation of gene transcription of enzymes responsible for biotransformation and excretion of endo- and xenobiotics. The aim of the study was to study the effect of DL-butyonine sulfoximine (BSO, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor) on the relative amount of CAR and PXR in Caco-2 cells and to evaluate its mechanisms. BSO was used in concentrations of 1‒500 μM and exposure duration of 24 and 72 h. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using MitoTracker Red CM-H2 XRos fluorescent probes. Cytotoxicity was analyzed according to the results of the MTT test. The relative amount of CAR and PXR was estimated by the Western blot method. It was shown that BSO caused an increase in the formation of ROS at exposure duration of 24 h at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 μM, at 72 h – at concentrations of 50, 100 μM. At the same time, at a concentration of 500 μM, BSO reduced the viability of cells during all periods of exposure. The relative amount of CAR increased at BSO concentrations of 50, 100 μM and exposure duration of 24 hours and 10, 50 μM at exposure of 72 h, and PXR – at concentrations of 100 and 500 μM and incubation of 24 h and 50, 100, 500 μM and incubation of 72 h. When used together with BSO, glutathione, the synthesis of which it blocks, it was found that at exposure time of 24 h and BSO concentrations of 50 μM and 72 h and concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, CAR induction was suppressed, and at 50 and 100 μM and exposure time of 72 h – PXR. The introduction of glutathione into the nutrient medium with BSO had no effect on PXR at xenobiotic concentrations of 100 and 500 μM (24 h) and 500 μM (72 h), on CAR – at concentrations of 100 μM (24 h) and 50 and 100 μM (72 h). Thus, BSO can induce CAR and PXR both by increasing the production of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress, and independently as a xenobiotic.
Drosophila melanogaster Lifespan Is Regulated by nejire Gene Expression in Peripheral Tissues and Nervous System
Authors: Koval L. A. , Proshkina E. N. , Zemskaya N. V. , Solovev I. A. , Shegoleva E. V. , Shaposhnikov M. V. , Moskalev A. A.
Published: April 2024

Histone acetyltransferases of the CBP/p300 family play the role of transcriptional regulators and are required for a number of biological processes (cell proliferation and differentiation, organism development, regulation of stress response and metabolism). In a study on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we analyzed for the first time the effect of overexpression and knockdown of the nejire (nej) ortholog gene in various tissues (fat body, intestine, nervous system) on lifespan. The activation of nej had both a positive and a negative effect on this parameter, depending on the driver and the tissue where nej was induced, as well as the sex of the animals. The effect of increasing lifespan (by 6–15%) was found in females with conditional overexpression of nej in the intestine and constitutive overexpression of nej in the nervous system. But in other cases, a shortening of life (up to 44%), or the absence of statistically significant changes were observed. In addition, activation of nej revealed changes in the expression of stress response genes (Sod1, Gadd45, Hsp27, Hsp68, Hif1). At the same time, knockdown of nej in most variants of the experiment caused a pronounced negative effect on the Drosophila lifespan.
Spatial Models of Piezoproteins and Networks of Protein-Protein Interactions in Trichoplax Animals (Placozoa)
Authors: Kuznetsov A. V. , Grishin I. Yu. , Vtyurina D. N.
Published: April 2024

The marine free-living organism Trichoplax (phylum Placozoa) resembles the unicellular amoeba in shape and type of movement. Trichoplax diverged from the main evolutionary tree in the Neoproterozoic Era and is one of the simplest models of a multicellular animal, as well as a strong example of the ensemble of interacting cells in an organism during its development and movement. Two orthologs of mouse Piezo1 protein (6B3R) were found in two Trichoplax haplotypes H1 and H2 as a result of a search for similar sequences in the NCBI databases. Spatial models of the corresponding proteins, XP_002112008.1 and RDD46920.1, were created based on the structural alignment using a 6KG7 (mouse Piezo2) template. The analysis of domain structures was performed, and a limited graph of protein‒protein interactions of the hypothetical mechanosensor XP_002112008.1 was constructed. The possibility of signal transduction from the mechanoreceptor to membrane complexes, cytoplasm and cell nucleus was shown. It is assumed that mechanosensory receptors of Trichoplax are involved in the perception of force stimuli between neighboring cells and the environment. Based on the obtained data, we propose to use the primitive Trichoplax organism as the simplest multicellular model for mechanical and morphogenetic movements.
Changes in the Activity and Content of Individual Forms of Proteasomes in Samples of the Cerebral Cortex during Pathology Development in 5xFAD Mice
Authors: Morozov А. V. , Burov A. V. , Funikov S. Yu. , Teterina E. V. , Astakhova T. M. , Erokhov P. A. , Ustyugov A. A. , Karpov V. L.
Published: April 2024

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) provides hydrolysis of most intracellular proteins in proteasomes. There are various forms of proteasomes differing, among other things, in the set of proteolytic subunits and the presence of activators. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by disturbances in the functional state of the UPS. At the same time, an increase in the expression of certain forms of proteasomes, in particular, proteasomes containing immune subunits (non-constitutive proteasomes), was shown. Here, we studied dynamic changes in the expression of catalytic proteasome subunit genes and protein content in the cerebral cortex of animals using a mouse model of AD (5xFAD transgenic mice). In samples from 5xFAD mice, at the age of 380 days, compared with samples from mice of 60 days of age, 4 and 6 times more gene transcripts of the immune subunits PSMB9 and PSMB8 were detected, as well as a significant increase in the number of immune β-subunits (2.8 times – β1i, 2.2 times – β2i) was observed. The results obtained indicate activation of the synthesis of immune subunits and assembly of non-constitutive proteasomes at the terminal stage of pathology development. At the same time, the results of electrophoresis in native conditions indicate the activation of both 20S and 26S proteasomes containing immune subunits in samples from 5xFAD mice, 380 days of age. The obtained data, in combination with available literature, indicate that the activation of non-constitutive proteasomes is a universal phenomenon characteristic of various animal models of AD, that may reflect both the development of neuroinflammation and adaptive processes in tissues.
Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1: a Zinc/Redox-Dependent Protein of Nervous System Signaling Pathways
Authors: Baksheeva V. E. , Zamyatnin A. A. , Zernii E. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Intracellular calcium signals play a key role in the regulation of nervous system structure and function. The control of neuronal excitability and plasticity by calcium ions underlies the mechanisms of higher nervous activity, and the mechanisms of this control are of particular interest to researchers. In recent decades, a family of highly specialized neuronal proteins that can translate the information contained in calcium signals into the regulation of channels, enzymes, receptors, and transcription factors has been described. The most abundant member of this family is neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), which is intensively expressed in CNS neurons and controls such vital processes as neuronal growth and survival, reception, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. In addition to calcium ions, NCS-1 may bind intracellular ‘mobile’ zinc, increased concentration of which is a characteristic feature of cells under oxidative stress. Zinc coordination under these conditions stimulates NCS-1 oxidation to form a disulfide dimer (dNCS-1) with altered functional properties. The combined effect of mobile zinc and the increased redox potential of the medium can thus induce the aberrant NCS-1 activity involving signals for survival of neuronal cells or induction of their apoptosis and, as a consequence, the development of neurodegenerative processes. The review details the localization, regulation of expression, structure and molecular properties of NCS-1, as well as current data on its signaling activity in health and disease, including zinc-dependent redox-regulation cascades.
Transcription Factor NRF2 in Endothelial Functions
Authors: Kondratenko N. D. , Zinovkina L. A. , Zinovkin R. A.
Published: April 2024

The transcription factor NRF2 is the major regulator of cellular antioxidant defense. NRF2 is activated by various stimuli, such as oxidants and electrophiles, which induce the transcription of a number of genes whose products are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress. NRF2 is one of the key transcription factors for endothelial cell function. Endothelium is a cell layer lining the inner cavity of blood vessels, which performs various homeostatic functions: it controls migration of leukocytes, regulates thrombosis and vascular tone, and drives angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction is often accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, which may lead to cellular aging as well as cell death by apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of such common cardiovascular diseases as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many pathophysiological processes in the endothelium, including senile changes, are associated with decreased NRF2 activity, leading to inflammatory activation and decreased activity of cellular antioxidant defense systems. Activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway generally contributes to the resolution of inflammation and oxidative stress. This review focuses on the importance of NRF2 in the basic functions of endothelium in normal and pathological conditions. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of NRF2 activation as a way to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
Low-Molecular Thiols as a Factor Improving the Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Mutants with Impaired Synthesis ADP-Heptose to Antibiotics
Authors: Seregina T. A. , Petrushanko I. Yu. , Zaripov P. I. , Kuleshova Iu. D. , Lobanov K. V. , Shakulov R. S. , Mitkevich V. A. , Makarov A. A. , Mironov A. S.
Published: April 2024

Low molecular weight thiols as glutathione and cysteine are an important part of the cell’s redox regulation system. Previously, we have shown that inactivation of ADP-heptose synthesis in Escherichia coli during gmhA deletion induces the oxidative stress. It is accompanied by rearrangement of thiol homeostasis and increased sensitivity to antibiotics. In our study, we found that restriction of cysteine metabolism (∆cysB and ∆cysE) and inhibition of glutathione synthesis (∆gshAB) lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of the ∆gmhA mutant to antibiotics but not to its expected increase. At the same time, blocking of the export of cysteine (∆eamA) or increasing the of the import (Ptet-tcyP) into cells of oxidized form of cysteine -cystine leads to an even greater increase in the sensitivity of gmhA-deleted cells to antibiotics. In addition, there is no correlation between the cytotoxic effect of antibiotics and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the total pool of thiols or the viability of the initial cell population. However, a correlation between the sensitivity to antibiotics and the level of oxidized glutathione in cells was found in our study. Apparently, a decrease in the content of low molecular weight thiols saves NADPH equivalents and limits the processes of protein redox modification. It leads to increasing of resistance of the ∆gmhA strain to antibiotics. On the contrary, an increase in low molecular weight thiols levels requires a greater expenditure of cell resources, leads to an increase in oxidized glutathione and induces to greater increase in sensitivity of the ∆gmhA strain to antibiotics.
Dinityrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containg Ligands as a Funcionally Active “Working Form” of Nitric Oxide System in Living Organisms
Authors: Vanin A. F.
Published: April 2024

The experimental data are summarized which allow to suggest that dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with thiol-containing ligands can be considered as an endogenous “working form” of nitric oxide (NO) system in living organisms. The complexes can function as donors of both neutral NO molecules as well as nitrosonium cations (NO+) which exert respectively positive (regulatory) or negative (cytotoxic) effect on human and animal organisms. A special attention is paid to DNIC capacity to block (especially in combination with dithiocarbamate derivatives) coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters.
High-Performance Low-Vanadium V2O5/Al2O3 Catalysts for Selective Reduction of NOx: I. Catalytic Properties
Authors: Bokarev G. D.A , Baeva G. N. , Kazakov A. V. , Mytareva A. I. , Stakheev A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the potential for promoting V2O5/Al2O3 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH3-SCR). It was found that the activity of low-V2O5 (2–4 wt %) catalysts can be markedly enhanced (by a factor of 3–4) by their promotion with tungsten oxide. It was shown that a promoted V–W/Al2O3 catalyst that contains 4 wt % of V2O5 can achieve a NOx decomposition efficiency of 90% or even higher in the range of 360–500°C at a GHSV above 100,000 h–1
Cobalt–Samarium Oxide Composite as a Novel High-Performance Catalyst for Partial Oxidation and Dry Reforming of Methane into Synthesis Gas
Authors: Loktev A. S. , Arkhipova V. A. , Bykov M. A. , Sadovnikov A. A. , Dedov A. G.
Published: April 2024

The paper describes a novel high-performance catalyst that was developed for partial oxidation of methane (POM) and dry reforming of methane (DRM) into synthesis gas. The catalyst is based on samarium cobaltite dispersed in a samarium oxide matrix. Unlike its known counterparts based on samarium cobaltate, the novel catalyst is resistant to carbonization and contains active sites that exhibit higher syngas productivity.
Effect of Sub- and Supercritical Water on the Transformation of High-Molecular-Mass Components of High-Carbon Rocks from Unconventional Formations (A Review)
Authors: Nasyrova Z. R. , Kayukova G. P. , Kosachev I. P. , Vakhin A. V
Published: April 2024

State-of-the-art in the field of recovering high-molecular-mass hydrocarbon components of bituminous and shale rocks by intrastratum transformation into readily recoverable forms using sub- and supercritical water is analyzed. The phase composition of water and its properties in the critical state and the transformations of a number of substances in subcritical (SBW) and supercritical (SCW) water are discussed. The substances under consideration include model polycyclic and heteroatomic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, metal porphyrin complexes, asphaltenes, oil sands, and heavy oils and organic matter (OM) of kerogen-containing shale rocks. The preventing effect of hydrogen donors and catalysts for hydrogenation and oxidative cracking on the coking in the course of transformation of heavy hydrocarbons in SCW is compared. The catalytic effect of the mineral matrix of rocks in the course of generation of oil fractions from them is analyzed in detail. The published data concerning the possibility of using SBW and SCW for the transformation of high-molecular-mass components of high-carbon dense rocks from unconventional formations demonstrate high potential of hydrothermal and supercritical fluid technologies
8-Allyl-1,3-benzoxazines as Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion Inhibitors and Biocides in Crude Oil Extraction
Authors: Mekhtieva G. M.
Published: April 2024

The inhibitor and bactericidal properties of a series of allyl-substituted 1,3-benzoxazines and their water-soluble derivatives in hydrogen sulfide saturated water–salt–hydrocarbon systems were studied. The inhibitor properties of the compounds with respect to St.3 steel (St3Gsp, GOST (State Standard) 380-2005) strongly depend on the number of methylene groups in the substituents bonded to the nitrogen atom in the 1,3-oxazine ring. The bactericidal activity toward the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) also strongly depends on the structure of the compounds. With an increase in the number of methylene groups in the molecule, the protective properties of the compounds increase, whereas the bactericidal properties decrease. Compounds with an aromatic substituent at the nitrogen atom of the 1,3-oxazine ring exhibit higher inhibiting (maximal degree of protection ~97%) and bactericidal (maximal degree of SRB growth suppression ~100%) power.
SR Spectroscopy in Geochemical Studies of Asphaltenes of Crude Oils from Tatarstan Oil Fields
Authors: Ganeeva Yu. M. , Yusupova T. N. , Barskaya E. E. , Okhotnikova E. S. , Morozov V. I.
Published: April 2024

ESR spectra of asphaltenes from a series of crude oils from the Devonian and Carboniferous deposits of the South-Tatar Dome in Tatarstan with low vanadium content and of vanadiferous crude oils from deposits of the Melekess depression in Tatarstan are analyzed. For asphaltenes from Devonian oils, the correlation between the concentrations of stable free radicals (SFR) and vanadyl complexes (VCs) has direct trend, whereas for asphaltenes from Carboniferous oils the trend is inverse. Taking into account the previously revealed inverse trend for asphaltenes of vanadium-enriched highly viscous crude oils [1], the opposite trends in SFR–VC correlations (direct and inverse) suggest different structures of asphaltene molecules in oils with different vanadium content and, correspondingly, different sources and conditions of the formation of oil deposits. Specific features of the ESR characteristics of asphaltenes of core and extractable oils and of oils from Devonian and Carboniferous deposits are revealed.
Production of Marine Fuel Components by Extraction Treatment of Vacuum Gasoils and Gasoils from Secondary Oil Refining Processes (A Review)
Authors: Gayle A. A. , Kameshkov A. V. , Klement'ev V. N. , Vereshchagin A. V.
Published: April 2024

Data on the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons and of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds from model systems with selective solvents, ionic liquids, and deeply eutectic solvents are discussed. The results of the extraction treatment of light and heavy vacuum gasoils and of visbreaker and delayed coker gasoils are presented. The extraction treatment of vacuum gasoils and gasoils from secondary oil refining processes allows the sulfur content of the raffinate to be reduced to less than 0.5 wt %, which meets the requirements to marine fuels used in open sea. The treatment of visbreaker and especially delayed coker gasoils is considerably more efficient than that of vacuum gasoils. The degree of removal of nitrogen-containing components and polyaromatic compounds with dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone as an extractant is higher than that of sulfur-containing compounds.
Desulfurization of Crude Oils, Diesels, and Oil Fractions by Treatment with Ozone and Metal Chlorides
Authors: Nigmatullin I. R. , Zuber V. I. , Nigmatullin R. G.
Published: April 2024

West Siberian crude oils from the Samotlorskoye oil field, diesel fractions, and I-20A industrial oil were desulfurized with metal chlorides (ZnCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3) and with a reagent complex (formulation) consisting of 70 wt % AlCl3, 25 wt % oxygenated diesel fuel, and 5 wt % NaOH. Purification of a mixed diesel fraction with an AlCl3 + NaOH (at a weight ratio of 10 : 1) formulation reduced the sulfur content in the diesel mixture from 0.82 to 0.146%. When purifying I-20A with a formulation at a weight ratio of 1 : 1, the sulfur content in the oil decreased from 0.2 to 0.03%. When the West Siberian crude oil (in which organosulfur compounds had been pre-oxygenated by an ozone–oxygen mixture into sulfoxides and sulfones) was purified with a formulation at a weight ratio of 20 : 1, the sulfur content was reduced from 1.8 to 0.5 wt %. The spent formulation was disposed of by introduction into bitumen.
Performance of Polyalkyl Acrylate Additives of Various Compositions in Low-Temperature Dewaxing of Oil Raffinates
Authors: Arifullin I. R. , Kazantsev O. A. , Kamorin D. M. , Moykin A. A. , Medzhibovskiy A. S. , Simagin A. S. , Sivokhin A. P. , Ozhogin S. A.
Published: April 2024

The performance of polyalkyl acrylate additives of various compositions in low-temperature dewaxing of 11 oil fractions differing in the viscosity and content of waxes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and resins was studied. The dewaxing was performed in a methyl ethyl ketone–toluene mixed solvent. For polyalkyl acrylate with pendant C16–10 alkyl chains, the raffinates can be subdivided into three groups with respect to an increase in the yield of dewaxed oils (relative to the process without additives): increase by 12–13, 5–8, and 3–4%. In most cases, introduction into such polymer of 5–30% polar groups (amino ester, amino amide, amide, oligoethylene glycol) allowed the oil yield to be additionally increased.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Surfactant Research (A Review)
Authors: Ivanova A. A. , Kol'tsov I. N. , Groman A. A. , Cheremisin A. N.
Published: April 2024

This review discusses the theoretical basis and examples of implementation of various molecular modeling approaches to the investigation of the properties of surfactants. These surfactant properties include the ability to reduce the interfacial tension and alter the wettability and viscosity of solutions for the purposes of chemical flooding of crude oil reservoirs. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing molecular dynamics simulation methods is further provided. It is shown that molecular modeling methods can significantly facilitate the choice of surfactants for specific oil field conditions and can serve as a potential alternative to experimental measurements.
Crude Oils of Domanik Genotype from Middle Devonian Deposits of the Timan–Pechora Oil-and-Gas Province
Authors: Bushnev D. A. , Valyaeva O. V.
Published: April 2024

The composition of biomarker hydrocarbons in crude oil samples from Middle Devonian deposits of the Western Tebuk, Dzh”er, and Michayu oil fields of the Omra–Lyzha saddle in the Timan–Pechora oil-and-gas province was studied. Significant effect of the Upper Devonian Domanik source rocks on the formation of the composition of these crude oils was revealed. The main parameters demonstrating the genetic relationship of the oils from Middle Devonian reservoirs with this source rocks are distribution of steranes С27 : С28 : С29, ratio of isoprenoid to normal alkanes, and distribution of normal alkanes. All these characteristics sharply distinguish the crude oils under consideration from paraffinous oils syngenetic to Middle Devonian deposits, characteristic of deposits in the southern part of the Pechora–Kozhva megarampart.
Influence of Demulsifier Aging on Its Performance in Heavy Oil Synthetic Emulsions
Authors: Nunes Rita De Cassia P. , Silva Carla Michele F. , Rocha Paulo Cristiano S. , Lucas Elizabete F.
Published: April 2024

Flow assurance is one of the main challenges in the oil industry. Many factors can affect the oil fluidity, including the oil °API and the formation of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions that increase the fluid viscosity. The demulsification process aims to decrease as much as possible the water content in the crude oil. Chemical products known as demulsifiers can be used to aid in this process. In laboratory, the chemicals can be evaluated under temperature and water content conditions similar to those in the oil field. In this work, the effect of demulsifier aging on its performance, simulating oil field storage, was evaluated using synthetic w/o emulsion prepared with a heavy crude oil and brine at 55 000 ppm. The crude oil was characterized and some demulsifier properties were measured along the time. The crude oil was identified as a heavy oil containing 11.6% of asphaltenes, contributing to the w/o emulsion stability. The demulsifier performance increased with aging time, and the results strongly suggested that a mere evaporation of the additive solvent occurs, concentrating its active matter
A Kinetic Model and Mechanism for Liquid-Phase Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Zamalyutin V. V. , Katsman E. A. , Tkachenko O. Yu. , Flid V. R.
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the main routes of liquid-phase hydrogenation of endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene (dicyclopentadiene, (1)) in the presence of a PK-25 palladium catalyst (Pd/γ-Al2O3, 0.25% Pd). All the reaction products were identified, and the material balance was examined. Mild conditions were chosen for the hydrogenation of (1) to ensure that the norbornane framework was retained. For (1), like for other norbornene derivatives, the effect of prevalent adsorption of a norbornene double bond on an active site (AS) of palladium was confirmed, in contrast to other types of double bonds. Based on a combination of experimental and theoretical data, a consistent mechanism was proposed for the process, in which endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (3) is obtained as the only final product. The kinetic order with respect to (1) was found to be zero within a wide range of its initial concentrations; the hydrogenation of the intermediate cycloalkene—endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3-ene (2)—was shown to have the first kinetic order. The activation parameters of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of both (1) and (2) were further determined. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood approach and the concept of multiple adsorption of substrates on a single AS, an adequate kinetic model of the process was developed. It was shown that three process steps occurring by two routes significantly contributed to the reaction rate. The rate constants of these reaction steps and the adsorption constants of AS complexes with unsaturated compounds were estimated.
Online Determination on the Properties of Naphtha as the Ethylene Feedstock Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Fan , Tianbo Liu , Guihua Hu , Minglei Yang , Jian Long
Published: April 2024

Providing real-time information on the properties of naphtha as the ethylene feedstock within the minimal time is significant for improvement of the process simulation, control, and real-time optimization. To develop models predicting naphtha properties for different pre-processing methods, an online full transmittance near-infrared (NIR) spectrum measurement system has been used along with the principal component regression and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The results show that the Savitzky-Golay smoothing combined with the first-derivative pre-processing provides the best denoising effect compared to other methods. The predicted relative errors of the NIR models developed by PLS, especially for the cutting temperature points of the test set, basically make 1‒5% indicating it can be used to create good NIR prediction models for the on-line determination of naphtha properties.
Carbon Dioxide Utilization Using Plasma Reactor Packed with Magnesia-Ceria Catalysts with Various Morphology
Authors: Golubev O. V. , Il'chuk P. S. , Sadovnikov A. A. , Maksimov A. L.
Published: April 2024

A series of CeO2–MgO catalysts with different molar ratio was prepared for the plasma-activated CO2 decomposition to CO and O2. The catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by physicochemical methods (XRD, SEM, XPS, low-temperature N2 adsorption, CO2-TPD). The highest CO2 conversion (31%) was achieved in the presence of the catalyst with the highest CeO2 content. The addition of H2 into a CO2 decomposition system was also studied. No CO2 methanation occurred in the presence of synthesized catalysts, though an increase in the CO2-to-CO conversion was observed due to an increase of a discharge power in the presence of molecular hydrogen.
Dehydrogenation of Cumene to α-Methylstyrene over Tungsten-Containing Porous Ceramic Converters
Authors: Fedotov A. S. , Grachev D. Yu. , Kapustin R. D. , Alymov M. I. , Tsodikov M. V.
Published: April 2024

It was shown that the method for the incorporation of a catalytic tungsten component into a porous ceramic converter has a major effect on the activity and selectivity of cumene-to-AMS dehydrogenation. Specifically, the activity of a surface-modified tungsten-containing converter exceeded by more than 2.5 orders of magnitude the activity of a converter with tungsten incorporated by thermochemical sintering of the initial blend. It was further found that the performance of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation in converter channels nearly doubles that of the process occurring over a granular catalyst with an equivalent composition. It was also demonstrated that the process performance can be enhanced by removing extra-pure hydrogen from the reaction system through a palladium-containing membrane. Cumene dehydrogenation in catalytic converters was identified as a zero-order reaction.