bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebalancing River Lateral Connectivity: An Interdisciplinary Focus for Research and Management
Authors: Mason Richard J. , Johnson Matthew F. , Wohl Ellen , Russell Catherine E. , Olden Julian D. , Polvi Lina E. , Rice Stephen P. , Hemsworth Matthew J. , Sponseller Ryan A. , Thorne Colin R.
Published: December 2024

Lateral connectivity between rivers and terrestrial landscapes is critical for both river and landscape health. Due to widespread anthropogenic degradation of riverscapes, river management is aiming to connect rivers to floodplains, riparian zones, and wetlands, putting a spotlight on lateral connectivity. However, there is currently no consensus on how to conceptualize and study lateral connectivity in rivers across disciplines. Here, we review lateral connectivity between riverscapes and terrestrial landscapes. We focus on the natural sciences, considering hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and biogeochemistry, but also consider social connectivity and the management and restoration of lateral connectivity. We emphasize the importance of considering the bidirectional nature of lateral connectivity, operating both into and out of river channels and the balance between these directions. The resulting “lateral connectivity balance” provides a framework to understand natural spatial and temporal variability in connectivity. Anthropogenic impacts have swung the balance of lateral connectivity, enhancing the transport of materials into and through river networks while suppressing fluxes from rivers to adjacent landscapes. We conclude that further research at the interfaces between the aquatic and terrestrial components of riverscapes is critical to advance our conceptual understanding of river and catchment systems. We propose that such research should be framed within the paradigm of “rebalancing” lateral connectivity, explicitly recognizing the natural bidirectionality of laterally connecting processes, the significance of the hydrologic, geomorphic, and biologic functions they support, and the value to society of the ecosystem services and climate change resilience they provide.
Enhanced heat transfer rate analysis with Ohmic heating, and multiple slips over exponentially stretching/shrinking plate on MHD hybrid nanofluid: Response surface methodology
Authors: Mahanta Chandralekha , Sharma Ram Prakash
Published: December 2024

The proposed investigation leads toward the discussion on the dissipative heat on the conducting flow of hybrid nanofluid over an exponentially expanding/contracting plate. The sheet is considered to be permeable therefore, the impact of suction/injection is vital throughout the discussion. The model of hybrid nanofluid is adopted with various thermophysical parameters likely the conductivity and the viscosity properties. By employing valid similarity transformations, the governing set of equations with boundary conditions is converted to the set of non‐linear ODEs. The reduced system of equations is explicated using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The numerical outcomes are deliberated and graphically presented in momentum and temperature profiles. The enhancement of the nanofluid heat transfer rate is achieved through the utilization of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Further, the stability analysis is presented to validate the convergence of the set of time‐dependent profiles for the various contributing constraints. From RSM, the combination of a high level of , high level of are conducive to good heat transfer. Also, high level of and low level of slip parameter value (), high level of and low level emerges as the most conducive operating condition that would maximize the rate of transportation of heat.
Expeditions and Fieldwork in Earth Sciences
Authors: Klemun Marianne
Published: December 2024

What do journeys, expeditions, and fieldwork mean in the context of earth sciences? What status do they have, and what is their contribution to geology’s historical development, and to the training of geologists? These are the main questions that this chapter seeks to answer. In the first section of the contribution, we will explore the phenomenon of travel and expeditions from a general point of view. Then we will analyze it on three levels. First, the practice of field research will be examined on the basis of introductory books as a manifestation of the methodological development of geologists’ targeted travel (questions and instructions), which reached its peak between 1750 and 1840. It was during this period that geology emerged as a discipline in its own right. Introductory books detailing the aims and procedures of fieldwork reflect the fact that field research was considered essential by contemporary scholars. Similarly, the geologist’s hammer was invented in the eighteenth century and became the everyday tool of geologists in the field and ultimately the emblem of the profession.

The contribution identifies three thematic clusters that illustrate the heterogeneity of expeditions and fieldwork in the development of geology. First, both are essentially connected to practices. Second, we have to explore the question of space and place in relation to expeditions and fieldwork, and third, the interplay between practices and scientific discourse, or theory and fieldwork (observation), needs to be analyzed. All three perspectives help us understand what was specific to the science of geology in terms of fieldwork and expeditions that also involved other sciences.
Introduction
Authors: Prior Christopher , Higgins Joseph
Published: December 2024

We consider the challenges, and the virtues or otherwise, of undertaking a systematic analysis of the personal diaries and letters of a European traveller in Africa in the late nineteenth century. Our case study is Englishman Frank Oates, and the context is his interactions with the Ndebele of southern Africa in the 1870s. This case study affords us the opportunity to consider the European/African encounter on the eve of formal imperial rule. We assess the potential to reconstruct this colonial encounter in a manner that gives due weight to African agency. We consider the implications for our analysis of race, contingency, and the provenance of the source base and the intentions behind its creation, as well as taking into account silences and omissions, and that which Oates recorded but did not incorporate into his understanding of the Ndebele nation and its king, Lobengula. We provide historical context to the encounter and delineate how we seek to assess specific components of this encounter.
The Emotional State and Knowledge Production
Authors: Prior Christopher , Higgins Joseph
Published: December 2024

Furthering our focus on the fragilities and contingencies at the heart of colonial knowledge acquisition, we consider the role of Oates’ changing emotional state in how he took on evidence from the outside world and processed this as understanding. We assess Oates’ sense of self-fulfilment and the way this led to changes in his interactions with the African landscape and the peoples within it. We consider how one episode that affected Oates’ sense of self-esteem led to a radical reconfiguration of his relationship with Lobengula. We also consider the intersections between the power of telos and of specific encounters in explaining what changed within the hitherto risk-averse Oates that led to the sudden ‘dash’ for the Falls and his death.
Monitoring Assessing and Learning from Transformation Journeys in Urban Transformation Sites
Authors: Puerari Emma , Deserti Alessandro
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents the challenges, opportunities, and insights derived from monitoring, assessing, and learning within urban transformation processes in the Desire project, aligned with the values of the New European Bauhaus (NEB). Focusing on local site experimentations, the chapter explores complex socio-ecological systems, highlighting three assessment dimensions: embracing challenges, empowering choices, and enabling change. The Desire monitoring, assessment, and learning framework combines the logic model with outcome mapping, fostering adaptive, reflexive learning through three distinct modes—learning-by-doing, learning-by-interacting, and learning-through-reflection. The results reveal the importance of inclusive, multi-stakeholder processes to address sustainability, inclusivity, and aesthetics, with special attention to diverse local conditions, participatory decision-making, community engagement, and organizational change. Despite challenges with tracking progress and aligning stakeholder expectations, the Desire site experimentations contribute valuable knowledge on collaboratively developing sustainable urban environments. This chapter underscores the critical need for assessment frameworks that can guide inclusive, adaptable, and responsive processes to complex social and ecological needs, providing a foundation for future urban transformation efforts.
Beauty, Inclusiveness, and Sustainability for the Public Space in MIND
Authors: Villari Beatrice , Pietracaprina Giulia , Martelloni Laura , La Loggia Francesco
Published: December 2024

The chapter outlines the outcomes of the design experimentation conducted at MIND within the Desire—Designing the Irresistible Circular Society—project. Specifically, it interprets the values of beauty, inclusivity, and sustainability to propose an evaluation model for outcomes and impacts centered on the experience of the public space in a continuously evolving context. The “Beauty for All” framework, a conclusive result of the experimentation, is described. It incorporates a monitoring and evaluation system based on indicators that outline experiences to characterize the current context of the public space in MIND as both beautiful and inclusive. This integrates with an experimental prototype that combines artistic and technological approaches to support the Desire principles, such as “We nurture a sense of belonging” and “We expand the aesthetic concept.” The result is a system to aid decision-makers and designers in strategizing, orienting, planning, and assessing the ongoing transformation of the public space. Additionally, reflections on the overall experience are shared, serving as a learning process involving the Desire’s team and the communities engaged during the journey.
Amiloride sensitizes prostate cancer cells to the reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib by modulating Erbb3 subcellular localization
Authors: Jathal Maitreyee K. , Mudryj Maria , Dall’Era Marc A. , Ghosh Paramita M.
Published: December 2024

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has been studied in clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) to improve the outcomes from radical prostatectomy (RP) by ‘debulking’ of high-risk PCa; however, using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) at this point risks castration resistant PCa (CRPC) clonal proliferation. Our goal is to identify alternative NAT that reduce hormone sensitive PCa (HSPC) without affecting androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity. PCa is associated with increased expression and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, including HER2 and ErbB3. The FDA-approved HER2 inhibitor lapatinib has been tested in PCa but was ineffective due to continued activation of ErbB3. We now demonstrate that this is due to ErbB3 being localized to the nucleus in HSPC and thus protected from lapatinib which affect membrane localized HER2/ErbB3 dimers. Here, we show that the well-established, well-tolerated potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride hydrochloride dose dependently prevented ErbB3 nuclear localization via formation of plasma membrane localized HER2/ErbB3 dimers. This in turn allowed lapatinib inactivation of these dimers via inhibition of its target HER2, which dephosphorylated ERK1/2 and inhibited survival. Amiloride combined with lapatinib significantly increased apoptosis at relatively low doses of both drugs but did not affect AR transcriptional activity. Thus, our data indicate that a combination of amiloride and lapatinib could target HSPC tumors without problems associated with using ADT as NAT in HSPC.
Seasonal variations in water quality and phytoplankton–bacteria interactions mediated through dissolved organic matter in New Jersey coastal waters
Authors: Liu Shuting , Oti Chelsea , Aharoni Benjamin , Melendez Derek J. , Thompson Spencer
Published: December 2024

New Jersey coastal areas are experiencing eutrophication due to human-induced nutrient overloading. Algal blooms occur frequently in New Jersey coastal waters, and excessive blooms shift water quality. However, phytoplankton–bacteria interactions mediated through dissolved organic matter (DOM) have not been extensively studied in New Jersey coastal waters, especially near overburdened communities. We targeted a traditionally underrepresented township area, Keyport Harbor, as a model site to investigate seasonal variabilities of phytoplankton biomass, DOM, and bacteria biomass. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were significantly higher in spring–summer (bloom) than in fall–winter (nonbloom). Nitrate + nitrite and ammonium were negatively correlated with chlorophyll-a, and the water was nitrogen-limited during bloom time while phosphorus-limited during nonbloom time, implying that regulating nitrogen loading was key to controlling algal blooms, especially during bloom seasons. Phytoplankton–bacteria interactions were assessed by monitoring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterial abundance between bloom and nonbloom time from field and incubation studies. A significantly higher DOC, but not dissolved organic nitrogen, occurred in the bloom than nonbloom period, suggesting that phytoplankton contributed to the production of more carbon-rich than nitrogen-rich compounds. DOC fueled threefold bacterial growth in the bloom period, exceeding the temperature effect and indicating strong phytoplankton–DOM–bacteria connections. Microbial remineralization incubations showed rapid phytoplankton–DOC drawdown, and more ambient DOC drawdown and bacterial growth in the bloom than nonbloom time, further supporting the important role of phytoplankton–DOC in shaping bacteria. With water quality monitoring via chemical and biological indicators, the study aimed to understand carbon cycling better, assess anthropogenic impacts on coastal environments, and help facilitate coastal management.
Evaluation method of compression parallel to grain stiffness in wood and relationship between stiffness and shape of contact surface
Authors: Totsuka Marina
Published: December 2024

The compressive behavior parallel to the grain is an essential parameter for the designing of multistoried and large timber buildings. However, the application of a compressive force parallel to the grain results in significant deformations near the end grain, which is referred to as the damage zone. Therefore, this study elucidates the mechanism of the damage zone and proposed a methodology to evaluate the properties of the damage zone. The cause of the damage zone was attributed to an uneven contact surface. As the contact surface shape remained non-flat even after reaching 28% of the predicted maximum load, the initial stiffness of compression parallel to the grain necessitated an assessment based on the influence of the damage zone. The Young’s modulus of the damage zone was approximately 2% of that of the middle zone and an evaluation method for the damage zone length was proposed using the strongest link model. The Young’s modulus and damage zone length evaluation methods were used to evaluate the stiffness of the specimens when compressed parallel to the grain. The proposed method could adequately evaluate the experimental values.
Rare variants in cardiomyopathy genes predispose to cardiac injury in severe COVID-19 patients of African or Hispanic ancestry
Authors: Qu Hui-Qi , Delfiner Matthew S. , Gangireddy Chethan , Vaidya Anjali , Nguyen Kenny , Whitman Isaac R. , Wang JuFang , Song Jianliang , Bristow Michael R. , McTiernan Charles F. , Gerhard Glenn S. , Hakonarson Hakon , Feldman Arthur M.
Published: December 2024

In one of the earliest reports from China during COVID-19, it was noted that over 20% of patients hospitalized with the disease had significant elevations of troponin, a marker of myocardial tissue damage, that put them at a higher risk. In a hypothesis-independent whole exome sequencing (WES) study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients of diverse ancestry, we observed putative enrichment in pathogenic variants in genes known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. This observation led us to hypothesize that the observed high morbidity and mortality in these patients might be due to the presence of rare genetic factors that had previously been silent but became relevant as a consequence of the severe stress inflicted by an infection with SARS-CoV-2. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed our WES data generated from a cohort of 325 patients sequentially admitted for COVID-19 infection. In this predominantly minority population (53.9% African ancestry and 37.9% Hispanic/Latin ancestry), our initial analysis screen identified 263 variants that were identified as highly deleterious (HD) from a total of 26,661 variants of interest that represented 215 genes. Of those, we identified 46 genes (in 58 patients) harboring rare HD coding variants that were previously implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy and were considered as disease initiators for the severe COVID-19 in this study. These findings offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and genetic susceptibility to heart injury in severe COVID-19.

Key messages

COVID-19 may cause cardiac damage in some affected patients without a plausible biological explanation.

Our study reveals an enrichment of highly deleterious variants linked to cardiomyopathy in severe COVID-19 patients.

Genetic profiling unveils the molecular basis of severe COVID-19-related heart injury, potentially aiding in patient stratification.
Psychological symptoms and loneliness in unemployed people diagnosed with mental illnesses
Authors: Hussenoeder Felix S. , Koschig Maria , Conrad Ines , Pabst Alexander , Gatzsche Katharina , Bieler Luise , Alberti Mathias , Stengler Katarina , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Loneliness is a pervasive phenomenon that is linked to adverse health outcomes. Unemployed individuals with mental illnesses (UMIs) constitute a high-risk group, with substantial implications for both health and vocational (re)integration. This study aims to gain deeper insights into the relationships between psychological problems and symptoms of psychopathology and loneliness in UMIs.

Methods

Our research is based on a sample from LIPSY, a project that aims to maintain or restore employability. Two regression analyses were conducted on a sample of unemployed participants diagnosed with a mental illness (ICD-10: F-code) with the outcome variable loneliness (UCLA). In the first analysis, age, gender, education, cohabitation status, and social network size (LSNS-6) were used as predictors; in the second one, the nine symptom dimensions (SCL-90) - (1) Somatization, (2) Obsessive-Compulsive, (3) Interpersonal Sensitivity, (4) Depression, (5) Anxiety, (6) Anger-Hostility, (7) Phobic Anxiety, (8) Paranoid Ideation, (9) Psychoticism -were added.

Results

Our sample included 397 participants with an average age of 35.8 years, 53.1% were female. The final regression showed significant positive associations between higher levels of education, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, and the outcome loneliness, and a significant negative relationship between Somatization and loneliness.

Conclusion

The high scores on all SCL-90 dimensions, and the links identified between Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, and loneliness highlight the importance of psychological screening and/or diagnostics in this high-risk group and offer several starting points for prevention measures as well as interventions.
A submodeling approach for efficient prediction of local temperature profiles in component-scale additive manufacturing
Authors: Frölich Felix , Hof Lukas , Zimmerling Clemens , Wittemann Florian , Kärger Luise
Published: December 2024

To solve the multiscale problem of additive manufacturing of large components by material extrusion (MEX), this work utilizes the methodology of submodeling and shows the necessary modeling steps to apply the methodology to the material extrusion process. The research enables the coupling of high-resolution models and process simulations at the component level. It allows the investigation of local effects such as crystallization effects or the resulting interface strength and its dependence on process variables in critical zones of a component, considering the component geometry as well as global and component-specific process conditions. The principle is verified numerically and validated experimentally, showing good agreement. In addition, different specifications for boundary conditions and submodel sizes are compared and evaluated. Variable time increments are used to apply the submodels with a computational time independent of the component size. In addition, sensitivity analyses provide information on the necessary temporal and spatial discretization of the submodel for the most accurate prediction of the temperature profile.
Transparency in performance measurement systems: an exploration of rationales and diverging perceptions in the hospital setting
Authors: Lachmann Maik , Trapp Rouven , Wenger Felix
Published: December 2024

As a consequence of an increasing economization of the healthcare sector, hospitals need to accommodate professional and managerial logics. This paper studies transparency in performance measurement systems (PMSs) and its potential to combine these logics, with the ultimate aim of mitigating tensions commonly observed in hospitals. Based on a multiple case study of four German nonprofit hospitals, we shed light on the administrators’ rationales to incorporate different levels of transparency into PMSs and illuminate the physicians’ perceptions of these different levels and their responses to them. We find that the anticipation of whether PMS transparency will initiate a profit-centric constructive benchmarking, potentially alleviating tensions between administrators and physicians, or result in a rather destructive competition between departments, leading to tensions among physicians, is crucial in administrators’ decisions on PMS transparency. We further detect gaps in the perceptions of administrators and physicians regarding transparency, anchored in issues related to controllability, reliability and comprehensibility. We find that PMS transparency may support physicians in combining professional and managerial logics at the departmental level with potentially adverse implications for departments’ contributions to the organizational objectives. Overall, the evidence provided in this paper reveals the dual nature of PMS transparency, as it may raise tensions among physicians while simultaneously mitigating tensions between physicians and administrators. By exploring the multi-layered dynamics surrounding PMS transparency, we offer a more nuanced account of PMS transparency than prior research and conclude that PMS transparency may not be a panacea in hospitals.
A theoretical study of the bond-dissociation enthalpies (BDH), N–R bond lengths and proton affinities of N-substituted pyrroles, imidazoles and pyrazoles with R substituents along the periodic table
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: December 2024

The properties (geometry, bond-dissociation enthalpies and proton affinities) of three azoles, pyrrole, imidazole and pyrazole, with twenty-two N-substituents R covering a significant part of the periodic table [1 (lithium group, alkaline), 2 (beryllium group, alkaline earth), 13 (boron group, triel), 14 (carbon group, tetrel), 15 (nitrogen group, pnictogen), 16 (oxygen group, chalcogen) and 17 (fluorine group, halogen) of the periods 2, 3 and 4 plus the hydrogen] have been calculated with the G4 composite ab initio method. These three properties were discussed with regard to the azole and to the group R using as model compound the amines H2N–R. The large set of compounds and their consistency allowed finding many equations that related different calculated properties. General properties such as bond-dissociation enthalpies, BDH, N–R bond lengths and proton affinities were tested in search of simple equations that explain the calculated properties.

Graphical abstract
Retinoblastoma and beyond: pediatric orbital mass lesions
Authors: Rumboldt Zoran , Dodig Doris , Galluzzi Paolo , Brumini Ivan , Clarke Rebekah , Singh Sumit , Rossi Andrea
Published: December 2024

Various space occupying lesions can arise in the orbit, ranging from developmental anomalies to malignancies, and many of the diseases occurring in children are different from the pathologies in the adult population. As the clinical presentation is frequently nonspecific, radiologic evaluation is essential for lesion detection and characterization as well as patient management. While orbital masses may in some cases involve multiple compartments, a simple compartmental approach is the key for the diagnosis on imaging studies, and MRI is the modality of choice. This pictorial review presents the most common and characteristic non-emergent pediatric orbital lesions, stressing their MRI and CT appearances, including specific differentiating features. The lesions are subdivided into 4 compartments: intraocular, intraconal, extraconal, and orbital walls. Retinoblastoma, Coats disease and persistent fetal vasculature; optic pathway glioma and lymphovascular malformations; rhabdomyosarcoma, infantile hemangioma, neurofibroma and lymphoma; neuroblastoma, leukemia/myeloid sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and dermoid are reviewed in their respective compartments.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Mn–Si–O system
Authors: de Abreu D. A. , Fabrichnaya O.
Published: December 2024

In this study, the thermodynamic parameters of the Mn–Si–O system were re-evaluated using the CALPHAD approach. Available experimental data on phase equilibria were taken into account and thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity, standard entropy and standard enthalpy were reproduced within uncertainties. Three ternary compounds are found to be stable in the Mn–Si–O system: rhodonite (MnSiO$$_3$$

3

), braunite (Mn$$_7$$

7

SiO$$_{12}$$

12

) and tephroite (Mn$$_2$$

2

SiO$$_4$$

4

). Braunite was modeled by CEF, while tephroite and rhodonite were modeled as stoichiometric compounds. Two-sublattice partially ionic liquid model was used to describe the liquid phase. The braunite phase exhibits a homogeneity range and can dissolve Mn$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

in some extension. Phase diagrams for the MnO–SiO$$_2$$

2

system in the presence of metallic Mn and the MnO$$_x$$

x

–SiO$$_2$$

2

system in air were calculated and showed good agreement with existing literature data. The thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to describe the experimental data over the entire compositional range of the system.
Three-dimensional density measurement around a Hayabusa re-entry capsule model in the ballistic range
Authors: Yamagishi Masato , Ota Masanori , Ohtani Kiyonobu , Nagai Hiroki
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional density measurement around a Hayabusa re-entry capsule model using the background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique is carried out in the ballistic range at the Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University. A Hayabusa re-entry capsule model with a diameter of 15 mm is used for a projectile, and the Mach number was 1.20. A method of model Position and Pose detection from BOS images was proposed for a capsule model, and unsteady flow field measurement around a free-flight test model was conducted. From the results, we succeeded in measuring the three-dimensional density distribution around a capsule model and visualizing the detailed structure in the wake region.
A modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) scoring system for patella fractures treated with osteosynthesis shows excellent intra und interobserver reliability
Authors: Lenz Julia Elisabeth , Huber Lorenz , Szymski Dominik , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus , Weber Johannes
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Patellar fractures are rare at 1% incidence of all fractures. However, they can cause significant functional impairments due to the patella’s role in knee joint extension. Current scoring systems lack objectivity in assessing patellar healing. This study aims to validate the Radiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) using biplanar radiographs for assessing surgically treated patellar fractures.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of radiological follow-up examinations was conducted on patients undergoing surgical treatment for patellar fractures from January 1st 2013, to June 30th 2023. Thirty patients were randomly selected, yielding 105 postoperative X-rays representing various healing stages. The modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) was applied to these X-rays by three independent trauma surgeons. Radiological follow-up examinations were randomized, pseudonymized, and stored on a hospital server for blinded assessment by three raters. The modified RUST assessed continuity of patellar borders and cortexes, assigning scores based on cortical bridging. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), adhering to recommended sample size criteria and interpretation guidelines.

Results

The mean modified RUST was 9.1 ± 2.2 points, with scores ranging from 4 to 12 points. The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.92) and the intraobserver ICC were 0.6 (95% CI, 0.65–0.84), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.71–0.87) and 0.98 (0.98–0.99) respectively, which indicated good to excellent agreement.

Conclusions

This study validated the Radiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) for evaluating bone healing in patellar fractures treated with osteosynthesis, demonstrating good intra- and interobserver reliability. The modified RUST can provide a standardized method for assessing healing in patellar fractures, benefiting both clinical practice and clinical trials.
A stratified treatment algorithm in psychiatry: a program on stratified pharmacogenomics in severe mental illness (Psych-STRATA): concept, objectives and methodologies of a multidisciplinary project funded by Horizon Europe
Authors: Baune B. T. , Fromme S. E. , Aberg M. , Adli M. , Afantitis A. , Akkouh I. , Andreassen O. A. , Angulo C. , Barlati S. , Brasso C. , Bucci P. , Budde M. , Buspavanich P. , Cavone V. , Demyttenaere K. , Diaz-Caneja C. M. , Dierssen M. , Djurovic S. , Driessen M. , Ebner-Priemer U. W. , Engelmann J. , Englisch S. , Fabbri C. , Fossati P. , Fröhlich H. , Gasser S. , Gottlieb N. , Heirman E. , Hofer A. , Howes O. , Ilzarbe L. , Jeung-Maarse H. , Kessing L. V. , Kockler T. D. , Landén M. , Levi L. , Lieb K. , Lorenzon N. , Luykx J. , Manchia M. , Martinez de Lagran M. , Minelli A. , Moreno C. , Mucci A. , Müller-Myhsok B. , Nilsson P. , Okhuijsen-Pfeifer C. , Papavasileiou K. D. , Papiol S. , Pardinas A. F. , Paribello P. , Pisanu C. , Potier M. -C. , Reif A. , Ricken R. , Ripke S. , Rocca P. , Scherrer D. , Schiweck C. , Schubert K. O. , Schulze T. G. , Serretti A. , Squassina A. , Stephan C. , Tsoumanis A. , Van der Eycken E. , Vieta E. , Vita A. , Walters J. T. R. , Weichert D. , Weiser M. , Willcocks I. R. , Winter-van Rossum I. , Young A. H. , Ziller M. J.
Published: December 2024

Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD) are severe psychiatric disorders that are challenging to treat, often leading to treatment resistance (TR). It is crucial to develop effective methods to identify and treat patients at risk of TR at an early stage in a personalized manner, considering their biological basis, their clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Effective translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice is essential for achieving this goal. The Psych-STRATA consortium addresses this research gap through a seven-step approach. First, transdiagnostic biosignatures of SCZ, BD and MDD are identified by GWAS and multi-modal omics signatures associated with treatment outcome and TR (steps 1 and 2). In a next step (step 3), a randomized controlled intervention study is conducted to test the efficacy and safety of an early intensified pharmacological treatment. Following this RCT, a combined clinical and omics-based algorithm will be developed to estimate the risk for TR. This algorithm-based tool will be designed for early detection and management of TR (step 4). This algorithm will then be implemented into a framework of shared treatment decision-making with a novel mental health board (step 5). The final focus of the project is based on patient empowerment, dissemination and education (step 6) as well as the development of a software for fast, effective and individualized treatment decisions (step 7). The project has the potential to change the current trial and error treatment approach towards an evidence-based individualized treatment setting that takes TR risk into account at an early stage.
Comparing adolescent glomerular disease clinical outcomes to the clinical outcomes in childhood, young adult, and adult-onset glomerular disease in the CureGN database
Authors: Garrity Kelly , Putnam Nathaniel , Kamil Elaine S. , Massengill Susan , Khalid Myda , Srivastava Rachana , Isaacs Jaya , Salmon Eloise
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a lack of evidence to suggest that outcomes of adolescent and adult-onset glomerular disease differ. Still, most glomerular disease trials include adults but exclude adolescents.

Methods

We designed a retrospective study using the CureGN database to compare individuals with adolescent-onset glomerular disease relative to individuals with older and younger age at onset. The two main outcomes were sustained proteinuria remission off immunosuppression treatment and composite eGFR decline.

Results

Our data did not show a significant difference in sustained proteinuria remission off treatment or composite eGFR decline between adolescent onset glomerular disease and either childhood (age 5–12), young adult (age 20–29), or adult (age 30–39) onset glomerular disease. Having high-risk APOL1 alleles and hypertension at the time of study enrollment decreased the likelihood of achieving sustained proteinuria remission off treatment. While participants with minimal change disease and IgA nephropathy were similarly likely to achieve sustained proteinuria remission off treatment, participants with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy were less likely to achieve sustained proteinuria remission off treatment compared to participants with minimal change disease. CKD stage, high-risk APOL1 alleles, hypertension stage, and education all significantly impacted the likelihood of progression to the composite eGFR decline outcome.

Conclusions

Approximately 25% of each age cohort reached the composite eGFR decline outcome within 5 years. As more glomerular disease clinical trials become available, we must consider opening these trials to people with childhood and adolescent onset disease since like adults they are at high risk of progressive kidney function decline.

Graphical abstract
A power hardware-in-the-loop test bench for emulation of test scenarios and mission profiles for high-power DC charging stations
Authors: Kleutgens P. H. Julius , Hagemann Lars , Meißen Anton , Mortimer Benedict J. , De Doncker Rik W.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a power hardware-in-the-loop test bench for high-power DC charging stations for battery electric vehicles. The test bench emulates the three-phase grid and the behavior of the electric vehicle battery, creating a dynamic and flexible testing environment. The employed grid emulator allows for reproducible testing of various grid conditions. The introduced grid conditions include the nominal three-phase grid and selected grid faults. The presented grid fault test scenarios of superimposed harmonic content of the grid voltage, voltage sags and short-term supply interruption enable testing of the charging station for resilience to these fault conditions. The significance of these test scenarios for high-power DC chargers is outlined and derived using standards. The reproducible execution of these scenarios allows the characterization and iterative adaption of the DC charging station during development to increase the resilience to these grid faults. The battery emulator enables the emulation of different battery system voltages, cell characteristics and aged batteries simultaneously to the employed AC grid scenarios. Measurements are conducted using the test bench and an industry grade high-power DC charger presenting the impact of the proposed test scenarios on the output charging current. The results show a significant dependency of the charging current ripple on the grid fault event magnitude, proving the significance of suitable testing environments for compliance with standards and for decreasing the susceptibility of the charging process to grid faults.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in primary IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Jingzhen , Nie Zhenyu , Li Guofu , Bao Beiyan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN).

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of 22 patients diagnosed with primary IgAN who received RTX treatment. The clinical data, including blood tests, urine examinations and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were analyzed at four time point: baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. Adverse events were also recorded.

Results

Our study included 9 male and 13 female participants. The level of serum albumin significantly increased after three months with RTX applied (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in microalbuminuria and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio at twelve months (P < 0.01). However, there was no change in serum creatinine (P = 0.08), urinary red blood cell (P = 0.11) or eGFR (P = 0.09) during the course of one year. Two cases achieved complete remission, while eleven cases experienced partial remission, resulting in an overall remission rate of 50.0%. During the treatment period, three patients developed infections and two patients encountered infusion-related adverse reactions.

Conclusion

In our retrospective study, RTX demonstrated a significant improvement in serum albumin levels and a reduction in proteinuria among primary IgAN patients. Although no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of renal function, there was an observable trend towards improvement. Therefore, we propose that RTX may be an alternative treatment option for primary IgAN patients who cannot tolerate glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants.
Improved phosphorus MRSI acquisition through compressed sensing acceleration combined with low-rank reconstruction
Authors: Songeon Julien , Lazeyras François , Agius Thomas , Dabrowski Oscar , Ruttimann Raphael , Toso Christian , Longchamp Alban , Klauser Antoine , Courvoisier Sebastien
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P-MRSI) is a non-invasive tool for assessing cellular high-energy metabolism in-vivo. However, its acquisition suffers from a low sensitivity, which necessitates large voxel sizes or multiple averages to achieve an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in long scan times.

Materials and methods

To overcome these limitations, we propose an acquisition and reconstruction scheme for FID-MRSI sequences. Specifically, we employed Compressed Sensing (CS) and Low-Rank (LR) with Total Generalized Variation (TGV) regularization in a combined CS–LR framework. Additionally, we used a novel approach to k-space undersampling that utilizes distinct pseudo-random patterns for each average. To evaluate the proposed method’s performance, we performed a retrospective analysis on healthy volunteers’ brains and ex-vivo perfused kidneys.

Results

The presented method effectively improves the SNR two-to-threefold while preserving spectral and spatial quality even with threefold acceleration. We were able to recover signal attenuation of anatomical information, and the SNR improvement was obtained while maintaining the metabolites peaks linewidth.

Conclusions

We presented a novel combined CS–LR acceleration and reconstruction method for FID-MRSI sequences, utilizing a unique approach to k-space undersampling. Our proposed method has demonstrated promising results in enhancing the SNR making it applicable for reducing acquisition time.
Nonstructural landslide mitigation of the Republic of Korea
Authors: Eu Song , Seo Junpyo , Lee Kihwan , Woo Choongshik , Lee Changwoo
Published: December 2024

Landslides are major forest disasters in the Republic of Korea that result in significant loss of life and property damage. Since the 1980s, the National Institute of Forest Science has conducted various studies on nonstructural landslide mitigation, including early warning systems and susceptibility mapping, to reduce damage induced by landslides. A landslide early warning system based on the TANK model was developed and used for decision-making on the preparedness level and for ordering evacuations for local people. A nationwide 5-level landslide susceptibility map was developed based on logistic regression in the 2010s, considering geological, geographical, and forest characteristics. In addition, we provide primary data for determining evacuation priorities by developing debris-flow hazard zonation and societal vulnerability assessments in that area. For public awareness, all of this information is provided through the WebGIS platform “Landslide Information System.”
Farmers’ perceptions of the practices, benefits and challenges of on-farm tree planting in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Olatujoye Folasade , Oluwajuwon Tomiwa V. , Olasuyi Kehinde E. , Bukoye Joel A. , Bodunde Tolulope O. , Oke David O.
Published: December 2024

On-farm tree planting is recommended to enhance agricultural productivity while promoting ecological conservation and providing socio-economic benefits. However, limited studies distinguish this practice from other agroforestry methods, particularly in evaluating its adoption, benefits, and constraints. This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of on-farm tree planting in Akure, Nigeria, through a survey of 100 respondents across four communities. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and field observations and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, and the logit model. Findings revealed that 57% of respondents were male, 62% were self-employed, and 42% had over 25 years of farming experience. Most farmers acquired land through purchase (36%) or inheritance (24%), with 86% practising on-farm tree planting. Timber species dominated, with fewer fruit trees, deviating from common reports. Farmers were primarily motivated by direct benefits such as timber (27%), improved crop productivity (25%), shade, building materials, firewood, fruits, and medicinal uses. Ecosystem services like soil protection, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration also motivated farmers. However, around 60% of farmers noted that tree planting negatively affected farming activities, limiting the practice's broader adoption. Other major challenges were inadequate technical support, lack of credit, limited knowledge, land tenure issues, and tree interactions with crops and animals. Adoption of tree planting was significantly associated with farmers’ age, education level, household size, employment status, land ownership, farming experience, and perceptions. Age, education, and employment status were the most influential factors. Addressing these challenges and enhancing the perceived benefits are crucial for wider adoption and upscaling of on-farm tree planting.
Effects of vaginal estrogen on serum estradiol during aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer patients with vulvovaginal atrophy: a prospective trial
Authors: Faltinová Mária , Vehmanen Leena , Lyytinen Heli , Savolainen-Peltonen Hanna , Virtanen Anni , Haanpää Mikko , Hämäläinen Esa , Tiitinen Aila , Mattson Johanna
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze changes in serum estradiol (E2) levels during concurrent vaginal estradiol therapy and adjuvant letrozole in postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Secondary objectives included assessing the effects of therapy on vaginal atrophy, quality of life (QoL) and menopause-related symptoms.

Methods

20 postmenopausal patients undergoing adjuvant letrozole therapy and experiencing VVA symptoms were treated with vaginal estradiol for 12 weeks. Gynecologic examination and symptom screening were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks. Serum E2 levels were analyzed at baseline, and at two, four, eight, and 12 weeks. E2 levels were measured using both a routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method and a highly sensitive (hsE2-MS) LC–MS/MS method.

Results

At baseline, serum E2 levels, measured with hsE2-MS, were below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in all patients. E2 remained below LLOQ throughout the treatment period in three patients (15%). Persistent E2 elevation above LLOQ was observed in six patients (30%), while isolated E2 elevations occurred in 10 patients (50%). One patient experienced transient E2 elevation in two sporadic measurements. Serum E2 variations were shown by using both LC–MS/MS methods. Vaginal pH, vaginal maturation index (VMI), and VVA symptoms significantly improved during treatment.

Conclusion

Intravaginal estradiol therapy (10ug) during adjuvant letrozole resulted in transient increases in systemic E2 levels among early BC patients with VVA. Highly sensitive LC–MS/MS is a promising method for monitoring E2 levels during aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy.
A Phase 1b study of the OxPhos inhibitor ME-344 with bevacizumab in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Boland Patrick M. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Ciombor Kristen K. , Florou Vaia , Pishvaian Michael J. , Cusnir Michael , Cohen Deirdre , Guo Jessie Y. , Tang Min , Rajagopalan Prabhu , Wiley Sandra E. , Ghalie Richard G. , Hochster Howard S.
Published: December 2024

Antiangiogenic drugs may cause vascular normalization and correct hypoxia in tumors, shifting cells to mitochondrial respiration as the primary source of energy. In turn, the addition of an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration to antiangiogenic therapy holds potential to induce synthetic lethality. This study evaluated the mitochondrial inhibitor ME-344 in combination with bevacizumab in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients were eligible if they had disease progression after standard therapies, adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function, and no contraindications to bevacizumab. ME-344 was administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 and bevacizumab on days 1 and 15 of 28-day cycles until disease progression or intolerance. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at week 16. In the 23 patients enrolled, the median age was 58 years, median number of prior lines of therapy was 4, and median interval from last therapy was 3 months. The most common adverse events (all grades/grade ≥ 3) were fatigue (48%/13%), abdominal pain (35%/4%), diarrhea (30%/4%) and constipation (30%/0%). No patient had an objective response; 9 patients (39%) achieved stable disease. The 16-week PFS was 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2–51.3), the median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI: 1.6–4.7), and the median overall survival was 6.7 months (95% CI: 3.4-not reached). ME-344 plus bevacizumab was well tolerated. Disease control was limited in this heavily pretreated patient population. Additional investigations in earlier lines are indicated, and extended-release ME-344 formulations may provide longer drug exposure to maximize benefit. (Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05824559. Registration date 22 March 2022).