bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA SARKASME DI LINGKUNGAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Ramadhani Sindi Rahmalatul Ramadhani , Dwita Septiamanda Putri  , Navilatur Rohma
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu agar dapat mengetahui penyebab terjadinya penggunaan bahasa sarkasme di dalam lingkungan perkuliahan mahasiswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Masalah mendasar yang menyebabkan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah bahasa sarkasme yang memiliki banyak arti saat digunakan bisa dalam ke sifat negatif, mengkritik, bentuk dari percakapan humor,dan bisa juga di anggap sebagai bentuk ketidak satuannya bahasa Indonesia yang sebenarnya, karena bahasa sarkasme ini dapat dinilai keterkaitannya dengan sistem nilai yang dapat menilai bahasa sarkasme pantas ataukah tidak untuk digunakan dalam lingkungan perkuliahan mahasiswa. Sedangkan masyarakat selalu menilai kepantasan suatu kata yang di cap sebagai kata yang buruk agar tidak digunakan di lingkungan masyarakat. Bahasa sarkasme yang sering digunakan oleh mahasiswa UNARS adalah setan,babi,anjing,monyet,mata,telinga,mulut,tai,tolol, dan gila. terjadinya penggunaan bahasa sarkasme di lingkungan perkuliahan mahasiswa disebabkan oleh adanya beberapa faktor. Berikut faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penggunaan bahasa sarkasme dilingkungan perkuliahan mahasiswa yaitu sedang marah, emosi yang tidak stabil, bercanda sesama teman, kecewa dengan hal yang terjadi, serta terdapat faktor lingkungan dan faktor sosial yang dapat mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa sarkasme dilingkungan perkuliahan mahasiswa. Dalam lingkungan masyarakat kecenderungan dalam penggunaan bahasa sarkasme terjadi pada anak- anak muda jaman sekarang, selain itu terjadinya penggunaan bahasa sarkasme ini menjadi pertanda bahwa dalam masyarakat indonesia adalah sebagai bangsa bagian timur yang selalu identik dengan kesatuannya serta lingkungan berbudaya nya yang tinggi sedang mengalami pemudaran akibat penggunaan bahasa sarkasme. Agar hal ini tidak terjadi, maka jangan membiarkan generasi muda dirusak oleh diri mereka sendiri yang menggunakan bahasa sarkasme, selain itu juga dapat merusak pembentukan karakter generasi muda yang telah menjadi harapan bangsa sampai saat ini.
POLA PENDIDIKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DI MASYARAKAT PESISIR KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Lestari Sofiyah Eka Lestari , Rizqiana Adelia Putri  , Ayda Safitri
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kearifan lokal masyarakat Situbondo dalam mengelola dan membangun sumberdaya perikanan berkelanjutan. Pendekatan penelitian inimenggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu pengukuran cermat terhadap studi kasus fenomena sosial, analisis data menggunakan model reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitianini adalah kearifan lokal pemberdayaan masyarakat Situbondo dalam pengelolaan dan pembangunan sumberdaya perikanan melalui: Pertama, Kearifan lokal petik laut dilaksanakan setiap tahun yang bertujuan memberi makan ikan serta acara kumpul dan doa bersama agar keberlanjutan perikanan dilaut tetap terjaga. Kedua, Kearifan Lokal Nyabis hal ini dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai proses agar mendapatkan barokah yaitu dengan doa dari para kyai, karena anggapan masyarakat dengan adanya barokah, semua kegiatan dan semua permasalahan bisa lebih mudah dan lancar. Ketiga, Tradisi Tellasan (hari raya) pada masyarakat dilakukan pada hari ke 27 atau H-3, tiga hari sebelum hari raya aktifitas melaut sudah mulai dihentikan, hal ini berdampak terhadap adanya pemberian waktu terhadap biota laut yang dieksploitasi dalam penangkapan untuk berkembang biak dan melakukan regenerasi, sehingga kualitas dan kuantitasnya bisa terjaga dengan baik dan berlanjut. Dalam konteks kearifan lokal pemberdayaanmasyarakat dalam pengelolaan dan pembangunan sumberdaya perikanan yang berkelanjutandiperlukan: Pertama, pembedayaan kearifan lokal. Kedua, model pengelolaan dan pemberdayaanmasyarakat lokal. Ketiga, membangun pengelolaan sumberdaya berbasis masyarakat yang didalamnya melalui pendekatan subyektif dan pendekatan struktural dengan langkah yang dapat diupayakan pada masyarakat dengan membentuk lembaga lokal, mengembangkan keikutsertaan masyarakat lokal dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, dan peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap informasi.
Integrating Multiple Theories: A Holistic Approach to Knowledge Acquisition for Senior Citizen Teachers
Authors:   Kuvempu University, Anjum Mumthaz , K Dange Dr. Jagannath
Published: September 2024

The article explores key theories such as Piaget's Cognitive Development, Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, Bruner's Constructivist Theory, Information Processing Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Schema Theory, Experiential Learning Theory and Connectivism. Each theory's core concepts are analysed in the context of senior citizen teachers, highlighting their unique contributions to knowledge acquisition. The value of integrating multiple theories is discussed aiming to develop comprehensive framework. This integration explores the diverse learning needs of senior citizen teachers emphasizing social and cultural contexts, cognitive development stages, active learning strategies and technology integration. Through holistic approach, senior citizen teachers can enhance their teaching practices, boost student engagement and promote lifelong learning. Practical strategies for incorporating these theories include collaborative learning activities, experiential projects, reflective practices and digital resource utilization. Ultimately, the article advocates for a broad understanding of knowledge acquisition theories and their application in senior citizen education. By embracing this approach, senior citizen teachers can create enriching learning environments fostering personal and professional growth.
India-Nepal Relations in the Modi Era: Dynamics, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors:   University of Lucknow, Kumar Krishn
Published: September 2024

The India-Nepal relationship, marked by shared historical, cultural, and geographical ties, has seen both cooperation and discord. Despite a foundation of mutual respect, these South Asian neighbors have occasionally faced strains and disagreements in their bilateral relations. This research aims to thoroughly examine the dynamics, challenges, and prospects of India-Nepal relations during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's tenure from 2014 to 2024. It has three primary objectives: firstly, to understand the dynamics influencing the relationship; secondly, to identify and analyze challenges in maintaining and strengthening bilateral ties; and thirdly, to explore potential opportunities shaping their future relationship. The study considers historical, cultural, and political factors affecting the evolving dynamics, including recent border disputes, and employs a multi-methodological approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex bilateral relationship under Modi's leadership.
Structure and dynamics of cholesterol-mediated aquaporin-0 arrays and implications for lipid rafts
Authors: Chiu Po-Lin , Orjuela Juan D , de Groot Bert L , Aponte Santamaría Camilo , Walz Thomas
Published: September 2024

Aquaporin-0 (AQP0) tetramers form square arrays in lens membranes through a yet unknown mechanism, but lens membranes are enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Here, we determined electron crystallographic structures of AQP0 in sphingomyelin/cholesterol membranes and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to establish that the observed cholesterol positions represent those seen around an isolated AQP0 tetramer and that the AQP0 tetramer largely defines the location and orientation of most of its associated cholesterol molecules. At a high concentration, cholesterol increases the hydrophobic thickness of the annular lipid shell around AQP0 tetramers, which may thus cluster to mitigate the resulting hydrophobic mismatch. Moreover, neighboring AQP0 tetramers sandwich a cholesterol deep in the center of the membrane. MD simulations show that the association of two AQP0 tetramers is necessary to maintain the deep cholesterol in its position and that the deep cholesterol increases the force required to laterally detach two AQP0 tetramers, not only due to protein–protein contacts but also due to increased lipid–protein complementarity. Since each tetramer interacts with four such ‘glue’ cholesterols, avidity effects may stabilize larger arrays. The principles proposed to drive AQP0 array formation could also underlie protein clustering in lipid rafts.
CyAbrB2 is a nucleoid-associated protein in Synechocystis controlling hydrogenase expression during fermentation
Authors: Kariyazono Ryo , Osanai Takashi
Published: September 2024

The hox operon in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, encoding bidirectional hydrogenase responsible for H2 production, is transcriptionally upregulated under microoxic conditions. Although several regulators for hox transcription have been identified, their dynamics and higher-order DNA structure of hox region in microoxic conditions remain elusive. We focused on key regulators for the hox operon: cyAbrB2, a conserved regulator in cyanobacteria, and SigE, an alternative sigma factor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that cyAbrB2 binds to the hox promoter region under aerobic conditions, with its binding being flattened in microoxic conditions. Concurrently, SigE exhibited increased localization to the hox promoter under microoxic conditions. Genome-wide analysis revealed that cyAbrB2 binds broadly to AT-rich genome regions and represses gene expression. Moreover, we demonstrated the physical interactions of the hox promoter region with its distal genomic loci. Both the transition to microoxic conditions and the absence of cyAbrB2 influenced the chromosomal interaction. From these results, we propose that cyAbrB2 is a cyanobacterial nucleoid-associated protein (NAP), modulating chromosomal conformation, which blocks RNA polymerase from the hox promoter in aerobic conditions. We further infer that cyAbrB2, with altered localization pattern upon microoxic conditions, modifies chromosomal conformation in microoxic conditions, which allows SigE-containing RNA polymerase to access the hox promoter. The coordinated actions of this NAP and the alternative sigma factor are crucial for the proper hox expression in microoxic conditions. Our results highlight the impact of cyanobacterial chromosome conformation and NAPs on transcription, which have been insufficiently investigated.
The Arthropoda-specific Tramtrack group BTB protein domains use previously unknown interface to form hexamers
Authors: Bonchuk Artem N , Balagurov Konstantin I , Baradaran Rozbeh , Boyko Konstantin M , Sluchanko Nikolai N , Khrustaleva Anastasia M , Burtseva Anna D , Arkova Olga V , Khalisova Karina K , Popov Vladimir O , Naschberger Andreas , Georgiev Pavel G
Published: September 2024

BTB (bric-a-brack, Tramtrack, and broad complex) is a diverse group of protein-protein interaction domains found within metazoan proteins. Transcription factors contain a dimerizing BTB subtype with a characteristic N-terminal extension. The Tramtrack group (TTK) is a distinct type of BTB domain, which can multimerize. Single-particle cryo-EM microscopy revealed that the TTK-type BTB domains assemble into a hexameric structure consisting of three canonical BTB dimers connected through a previously uncharacterized interface. We demonstrated that the TTK-type BTB domains are found only in Arthropods and have undergone lineage-specific expansion in modern insects. The Drosophila genome encodes 24 transcription factors with TTK-type BTB domains, whereas only four have non-TTK-type BTB domains. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that the TTK-type BTB domains have an unusually broad potential for heteromeric associations presumably through a dimer-dimer interaction interface. Thus, the TTK-type BTB domains are a structurally and functionally distinct group of protein domains specific to Arthropodan transcription factors.
Stimulatory and inhibitory G-protein signaling relays drive cAMP accumulation for timely metamorphosis in the chordate Ciona
Authors: Hozumi Akiko , Totsuka Nozomu M , Onodera Arata , Wang Yanbin , Hamada Mayuko , Shiraishi Akira , Satake Honoo , Horie Takeo , Hotta Kohji , Sasakura Yasunori
Published: September 2024

Larvae of the ascidian
Ciona
initiate metamorphosis tens of minutes after adhesion to a substratum via its adhesive organ. The gap between adhesion and metamorphosis initiation is suggested to ensure the rigidity of adhesion, allowing
Ciona
to maintain settlement after losing locomotive activity through metamorphosis. The mechanism producing the gap is unknown. Here, by combining gene functional analyses, pharmacological analyses, and live imaging, we propose that the gap represents the time required for sufficient cAMP accumulation to trigger metamorphosis. Not only the Gs pathway but also the Gi and Gq pathways are involved in the initiation of metamorphosis in the downstream signaling cascade of the neurotransmitter GABA, the known initiator of
Ciona
metamorphosis. The mutual crosstalk of stimulatory and inhibitory G-proteins functions as the accelerator and brake for cAMP production, ensuring the faithful initiation of metamorphosis at an appropriate time and in the right situation.
Factors Predicting the Quality of Life of Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Kim Taehui , Cho Kang Hee , Kim Bohyun , Park Seyeon
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of depression, fear of falling, and activities of daily living (ADL) on the quality of life (QoL) among patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in South Korea.Methods: This study adopted a prospective cross-sectional design. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 70 SCI patients who visited the outpatient department of rehabilitation medicine. The data collection period was from October 16, 2017 to February 2, 2018. Participants’ American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale classifications were C and D.Results: The study found that QoL correlated with self-rated health (Spearman rho=.41, p<.001), SCI duration (Spearman rho=-.26, p=.030), depressive symptoms (Spearman rho=-.43, p<001), and fear of falling (Spearman rho=-.75, p<.001). Additionally, QoL was associated with fear of falling (β=-.68, p<.001) and SCI duration (β=-.18, p=.025) in the regression analyses. These results were significant and accounted for 59.5% of the variance in QoL.Conclusion: Interventions targeting the QoL of patients with SCI can help reduce the fear of falling.
Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in People with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey
Authors: Jeong Yu Kyeong , Kim Hye Young
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study examined the prevalence and severity of symptoms and symptom clusters and the relationship between symptom clusters and quality of life (QoL) in people with long COVID.Methods: This descriptive study analyzed data from 220 adults with at least one symptom of long COVID for at least 4 weeks through an online survey from August 18 to September 5, 2022.Results: The most frequent symptoms of long COVID were fatigue (94.5%), sore throat (89.1%), post-exertional malaise (88.2%), cough (88.2%), and fever (85.5%), and the most severe symptoms were fatigue (6.21±2.31), sore throat (5.78±2.78), cough (5.64±2.84), post-exertional malaise (5.46±2.64), and fever (5.21±2.90). Exploratory factor analysis revealed five distinct symptom clusters: digestivecognitive, respiratory-fatigue, pain-dermatological, sensory, and emotional clusters. The QoL of the highersymptom group was lower than that of the lower-symptom group (t=2.34; p=.020). Furthermore, the symptom clusters experienced by people with long COVID were associated with QoL.Conclusion: Healthcare providers must recognize symptom clusters and intervene accordingly, and nursing interventions should be developed to effectively care for individuals in these symptom clusters.
PERSPECTIVA DEL ADULTO MAYOR DURANTE EL PROCESO DE DUELO
Authors: García López Adriana Paola , González Arroyo Ma. Montserrat , Gutiérrez Vicente Arely , Hernández Rodríguez Verónica Margarita , Salinas Sánchez Ana Karen
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la actualidad se ha observado poca información sobre el proceso de duelo en la persona adulta mayor, así como las manifestaciones y cambios acontecidos que pudieran surgir en el transcurso de este proceso. OBJETIVO: Describir la perspectiva durante el proceso de duelo de las hermanas religiosas adultas mayores que residen en una Casa de oración privada. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo. Para la recolección de información se empleó la entrevista con pregunta detonadora, con un muestreo por conveniencia, se logró conformar una muestra de 10 adultas mayores. Para el análisis de información se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido; cabe señalar que en cada momento se respetó confidencialidad y anonimato del participante de estudio, además el protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de bioética de la facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (COMBIOENF-050-2021-LE). RESULTADOS: El rango de edad de las participantes se ubicó entre los 64 y 85 años. Se encontró que al describir la perspectiva de las residentes se considera el duelo como parte de la vida y un acto de amor de Dios. También se logró apreciar que varios patrones funcionales tuvieron alteraciones físicas y emocionales, las cuales manifestaron diversos sentimientos donde predominan la tristeza, angustia, soledad y añoranza durante las etapas de duelo, cuyos síntomas fueron disminuidos gracias a la red de apoyo que tenía cada una de ellas. CONCLUSIÓN: El duelo es un proceso personal el cual se manifiesta de diversas formas afectando el estilo de vida de quien lo vive, sin embargo, los resultados ubicados en la investigación permiten evidenciar los efectos positivos que tiene las redes de apoyo sobre el proceso de duelo al contribuir a aceptar la ausencia del ser querido fallecido.
EXPLORACIÓN DEL USO DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN LA FORMACIÓN ACADÉMICA DE UNIVERSITARIOS: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO CON CHATGPT EN LA RESOLUCIÓN DE CASOS CLÍNICOS
Authors: Pérez Jaimes Alejandra Karina , Estrada Reyes César Uziel , Brito-Cruz Teresa del Jesús , Villanueva-Echavarría José Rafael , Torres Zapata Ángel Esteban
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los avances tecnológicos fortalecen la atención médica, especialmente en el diagnóstico asistido por computadora; por lo que es esencial capacitar a los estudiantes de salud en su uso para prepararlos en un entorno digital y mejorar las decisiones clínicas. OBJETIVO. Explorar el impacto de una alternativa educativa centrada en la Inteligencia Artificial en el ámbito de la resolución de casos clínicos. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Se hizo uso de ChatGPT para asistir a un grupo de estudiantes, mientras que otro grupo recurrió a métodos convencionales. Se evaluaron los resultados utilizando una rúbrica basada en directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Guía de Práctica Clínica del Colegio Americano de Nutricionistas y Dietistas. Se siguieron los procedimientos éticos y se aplicó la prueba estadística t de student para comparar los datos de ambos grupos. RESULTADOS. En 25 estudiantes se observaron algunas diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con y sin asistencia artificial en diversos aspectos en el caso clínico, como el diagnóstico, las necesidades nutricionales, el tratamiento y las recomendaciones; no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las calificaciones finales. CONCLUSIÓN. Se resalta el papel de la inteligencia artificial en la mejora de la eficiencia y precisión de la evaluación y el tratamiento y su integración en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Se subraya el potencial transformador de la IA en la atención médica y la necesidad de futuras investigaciones.
Centrality of Information Sources in Agricultural Input Networks: Insights from Social Network Analysis
Authors: Manasa Keesam , Jirli Basavaprabhu , S Sidharth , Srishailam B. , Saifuddin MD.
Published: September 2024

Input dealers being credible localite sources of information for farmers have huge potential of aiding faster diffusion of innovations. Under this context, understanding how the input dealers’ access and exchange information is essential for enriching them with updated information and improving the agricultural value chain. This study employs Social Network Analysis (SNA) to explore the centrality measures—degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality—of various information sources utilized by input dealers in Nagar Kurnool and Wanaparthy districts of Telangana during 2020. The analysis reveals that traditional sources, such as extension agents and other input dealers, are highly central to the network, with both scoring the highest in degree and closeness centrality (0.733 and 0.698, respectively). These sources are not only frequently accessed but also serve as key bridges within the network, facilitating the flow of information. Digital platforms like smartphones show growing importance, with significant degree centrality (0.667), yet they play a less critical bridging role. In contrast, social media and print media exhibit lower centrality scores, indicating their peripheral influence. The findings suggest that while traditional information sources remain dominant, digital platforms are emerging as valuable tools for information dissemination highlighting the need for strategies that strengthen traditional channels while integrating digital tools to enhance the efficiency and reach of agricultural information networks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex information ecosystem in agriculture, offering insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to optimize information flows within the sector.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Surface and Groundwater from Eleme Communities in Rivers State
Authors: T. J. Ideriah, , N. Boisa, , O. N. Oyor, , O. S. Bull, , A. O. Ibirinde,
Published: September 2024

Surface and groundwater are critical sources of fresh water globally, essential for drinking and agricultural purposes. However, both sources are increasingly affected by pollution from industrial activities and urban runoff, which introduces toxic metals and contaminants. This study focuses on Eleme Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria, where water sources are heavily contaminated by chemical and petrochemical products from major local industries. The analysis reveals that groundwater pH is consistently acidic (4.1-6.1), falling below WHO permissible limits, indicating a need for treatment before usage. Seasonal variations affect temperature, conductivity, and TDS, with increased levels during the dry season. Total solids concentration in surface water in the area is high and above WHO limits with TDS level of Aleto River (5970.40-11454mg/L) and Agbonchia River (89.8-91.20 mg/L), and TSS level of Aleto River (89.8-91.20mg/L) and Agbonchia River (81.0 mg/L). Also, turbidity in the area surface water was found to be elevated and exceeding WHO limit with Aleto River (74.44-89.0 NTU) and Agbonchia River (31-71 NTU). Elevated chloride, calcium, and magnesium levels, along with high oil/grease concentrations during the dry season, signal the need for remediation. Cadmium (Aleto Rivers:0.004mg/L, Agbonchia River: 0.004-0.005mg/L) and Iron (Aleto Rivers:1.98-2.35mg/L, Agbonchia River: 1.05-1.695mg/L), concentrations in surface water also surpass WHO limits, highlighting significant contamination issues. This study provides essential data on water quality in Eleme, underscoring the importance of addressing contamination to protect human health and ensure access to safe drinking water.
Assessment and Modeling of Workplace Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Akoso Christopher Chiahemba , Yusuf Samson Dauda , Akpa Timothy Chidozie
Published: September 2024

Solar radiation though beneficial to life but the harmful effects of over exposure especially in Nigeria has been neglected and its measurement/prediction has received negligible attention in the literature. This study measured and modeled workplace exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR) in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Digital broadband meter was used to measure solar power density in three site while polymer Polysolphone dosimeters were fitted on a human manikin and placed in the sun between 10:00 am- 4:00pm (6 hours) to quantify the amount of Solar UVR absorbed by three occupational workers (Traders, Fishermen and Staff/Students). Five dosimeters were deployed in each of the three sites for calibration to measure UV absorbance in J/m2 while seven in each site were used for body parts. UV/VIS-spectrophotometer was handily used to measure both post and pre-absorbance and the UV exposures were calculated. The UV index was also calculated. Result shows that, head top had the highest exposure values 7.19kJ/m2, 6.51kJ/m2 and 7.00kJ/m2, while the least values was under cloth cover 2.47kJ/m2, 2.08kJ/m2 and 2.20kJ/m2 for traders, fishermen and staff/students respectively. Similarly, the calculated cumulative exposures were 3289.36kJ/m2, 497.82kJ/m2 and 1515.60kJ/m2 at the market square, river bank and the campus respectively. These values were higher than international ICNIRP average value 30J/m2. UV index at market square was 9 (media graphic colour purple), while at river bank and BSU campus was 8 (media graphic colour reddish). High mean irradiant values with high UV index indicates high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. Therefore, use of sun protective clothing is recommended and reduce time in the sun especially between 1:00pm and 2:00pm to prevent over exposure that will lead to serious harmful effects especially at the market place.
HIIT Impacts the BDNF and Phosphorilated TAU in Alzhimer’s Disease Correlated with Blood Lactate: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Silva Vernon Furtado da , Ribeiro Domingos Edno Castro , Borges Célio José , Freire Ivete de Aquino , Militão Angeliete Garces , Delani Daniel , Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira , Valentim-Silva João Rafael
Published: September 2024

Aims: This study examines the effects of high-intensity body weight interval training (PMED) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated-TAU protein (p-TAU) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relation to blood lactate concentration.
Study Design: An experimental randomized control trial was conducted.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at Vila Vicentina Community Center, the Elderly Support Center of the University of Pará (UEPA), the Senior Living Center (CCI), and SESC Porto Velho, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018.
Methodology: Seventy-eight seniors diagnosed with AD were divided into three groups: HIIT, MICT, and a sedentary control group. The HIIT group engaged in 30 minutes of exercise at 80-90% of maximal heart rate, while the MICT group walked for 30 minutes at 60% of maximal heart rate. Both exercise groups performed their respective activities three times per week for three months, composing 36 exercise sessions. Pre- and post-intervention measurements of BDNF and p-TAU were conducted and the lactate correlation were done.
Results: The HIIT group showed a significant increase in BDNF and a decrease in p-TAU concentrations (p<0.0001), with a stronger effect compared to the MICT group. Both exercise groups demonstrated a strong correlation between blood lactate concentration and BDNF/p-TAU levels (p<0.01) indicating that exercise intensity plays a crucial role in modulating neurochemical changes associated with AD.
Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of HIIT as a viable intervention for mitigating neurodegeneration in AD by enhancing BDNF and reducing p-TAU levels. The findings also highlight the importance of exercise intensity in achieving these neurobiological benefits and suggest a muscle/brain crosstalk interaction in response the exercise.
Development of a Robust In vitro Regeneration Protocol in Cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) Using Axillary Bud Explants for Cryopreservation
Authors: Shankar M. , Thiruvengadam V. , Viswanathan PL
Published: September 2024

Cassava is an important crop as it is the source of energy in the diet for the most of the tropical countries. Field gene bank is the only viable option for the maintenance of cassava germplasm. Cryopreservation offers the long-term conservation of vegetatively propagates crops without losing its viability through an effective in vitro regeneration system. In vitro regeneration response in YTP-1 and Sree Athulya genotypes of cassava was standardized through optimization of various factors influencing organogenesis. Among the different media tested, highest shoot induction frequencies of 81.4% and 77.8% were recorded in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA (CMSI 2) for YTP 1 and Sree Athulya respectively in the present study. 3 to 5 multiple shoots from a single shoot apex obtained from 70-80% of explants within 50-60 days. Highest regeneration frequencies of 56.6%and 46.6% were recorded in medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA (CRM 2) for YTP1 and Sree Athulya. As a result, an easy in vitro regeneration method that is genotype independent was created and may be effectively used to preserve cassava germplasm in the cryogen bank.
Turmeric Cultivation in Erode District: An Analysis of Farmer Constraints
Authors: C Dhivya , R Arunkumar , Muthukumar R.
Published: September 2024

Turmeric farming is a key agricultural activity in the Erode District of Tamil Nadu, contributing significantly to the region's economy. However, farmers in this area face a myriad of constraints that hinder their productivity and economic stability. This study investigates the specific challenges encountered by turmeric growers, focusing on technical, economic, marketing, storage, and general constraints. In terms of production, consumption, and exports, India leads the world in turmeric usage. India is estimated to produce 11.7 lakh metric tonnes of turmeric in 2022–2023. Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal are the main states in India that produce turmeric. In Tamil Nadu, 96,000 metric tons of turmeric are grown around 20,000 hectares. An ex-post facto research design was employed, with Kodumudi Block selected due to its prominence in turmeric cultivation in Erode district. A proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from five villages: Vengampur, Punjai Kollanali, Unjalur, Kollathupalayam, and Kodumudi. The inclusion of an interview schedule as the data collection tool adds depth to the study, as it allows for a structured approach to gathering information directly from the respondents, ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings. The data that were gathered was compiled and subjected to suitable statistical analysis like cumulative frequency method, percentage analysis and ranking method.  The findings reveal that the most critical issues include high fluctuations in market prices, pest and disease outbreaks, inadequate storage facilities, and a lack of technical guidance. Economic challenges such as high input costs, difficulty in securing loans, and insufficient subsidies further exacerbate the situation. Marketing constraints, including poor transportation infrastructure and the absence of regulated markets, force farmers into distress sales. General issues like labor shortages and inadequate irrigation facilities add to the farmer burdens. To address these challenges, the study suggests implementing efficient irrigation systems, promoting integrated pest management (IPM) programs, establishing community-based storage facilities, and strengthening farmer cooperatives to enhance their bargaining power. Additionally, introducing government-backed procurement systems with minimum support prices (MSP) and improving access to financial services are recommended as the solutions. By tackling these constraints, the study aims to enhance the sustainability and profitability of turmeric farming in Erode District, ensuring a stable livelihood for the farmers.
Wave Pressure and Wave Height Distribution around Seawall Structure Constructed by an Array of TSP Circular Piles
Authors: Han Hyun-Ju , Kim Woo-Sik , Cho Il-Hyoung
Published: September 2024

An analytic solution for the interaction between an array of circular piles made by joining trapezoid steel pipes (TSP) and waves was obtained using an eigenfunction expansion method. First, an analytic model for the wave scattering of multiple piles fixed at arbitrary positions was derived, and then a simplified model was obtained assuming that an infinite array of identical piles were deployed perpendicular to the propagating direction of incident waves. A regular wave experiment was conducted using an experimental model with a scale ratio of 1/100 in a two-dimensional wave tank to verify the analytic solutions. The analytic results and experimental results were qualitatively consistent with each other. Using a developed analytic model, we examined the wave force on the multiple piles and the wave deformation in front of the arrayed piles. The period for the installation is greatly reduced as the TSP pile can be prefabricated in a factory. In particular, it is possible to install at the soft seabed. A seawall structure using arrayed TSP piles will be an ideal complement for a concrete seawall in future.
Analysis of Resonance Efficiency According to Length and Entrance Depth of Channel Resonance Part of Multi-Resonance Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Ahn Sukjin , Lee Changhoon , Jung Hyen-cheol , Choi Hyukjin
Published: September 2024

Multi-resonance wave energy converter can generate efficient power generation by complexly utilizing the resonance phenomenon of waves even when waves propagate normally. As the wave is amplified by resonance, the power generation efficiency of the multi-resonance wave energy converter increases, and the shape of the resonance part needs to be optimized to maximize power generation efficiency. The multi-resonance wave energy converter amplifies waves in the seiche resonance part and the channel resonance part. In this study, CFD numerical experiments were performed under various conditions such as the length and location of the channel resonance part to analyze the sensitivity for each condition and derve the optimal shape of the channel resonance part.
Hydraulic Model Tests for a Pontoon-Type Floating Structure with a Horizontal Damping Plate
Authors: Kim Jeongsoo , Kim Young Taek , Jeong Youn Ju
Published: September 2024

In this study, hydraulic model tests were conducted to investigate the effect of a horizontal damping plate on the motion of the pontoon-type floating structure. The floating structures with and without the horizontal damping plates were fabricated with the scale of 1/20 and their motion responses to the regular and irregular wave conditions were investigated. From the comparison for the responses of each model with 16 wave conditions, it could be known that the damping plate made the response of the the pontoon to be smaller by about 5 to 10 % compared with the normal rectangular pontoon.
A Review on the Vertical Coordinate Systems used in Oceanic and Atmospheric Circulation Numerical Model
Authors: Choi HyukJin , Jeong Shin Taek , Cho Hong-Yeon , Ko Dong-Hui
Published: September 2024

In a numerical method for the study of the circulation model, various vertical coordinate systems are used to simulate the physical response of the ocean and atmosphere to the increasing greenhouse gas emission. In this study, four types of vertical coordinate systems frequently used in oceanic and atmospheric circulation numerical models, i.e., height, general, pressure, and normalized vertical coordinate systems, respectively are introduced. Finally, the hydrostatic pressure equation, vertical velocity, equation of horizontal motion, and continuity equation expressed in a vertical coordinate system were introduced, and the pros and cons of the vertical coordinate system were summarized to promote the accuracy of numerical model development.
New evidence of CO2 soil degassing anomalies on Piton de la Fournaise volcano and the link with volcano tectonic structures
Authors: Liuzzo M. , Di Muro A. , Giudice G. , Michon L. , Ferrazzini V. , Gurrieri S.
Published: December 2015

Piton de la Fournaise (PdF) is recognized as one of the world's most active volcanoes in terms of eruptive frequency and the substantial quantity of lava produced. Yet with the sole exception of rather modest intracrateric fumarole activity, this seems to be in contrast with an apparent absence of any type of natural fluid emission during periods of quiescence. Measurement campaigns were undertaken during a long‐lasting quiescent period (2012–2014) and just after a short‐lived summit eruption (June 2014) in order to identify potential degassing areas in relation to the main structural features of the volcano (e.g., rift zones) with the aim of developing a broader understanding of the geometry of the plumbing and degassing system. In order to assess the possible existence of anomalous soil CO2 flux, 513 measurements were taken along transects roughly orthogonal to the known tectonic lineaments crossing PdF edifice. In addition, 53 samples of gas for C isotope analysis were taken at measurement points that showed a relatively high CO2 concentration in the soil. CO2 flux values range from 10 to 1300 g m−2 d−1 while δ13C are between −26.6 and −8‰. The results of our investigation clearly indicate that there is a strong spatial correlation between the anomalous high values of diffusive soil emissions and the main rift zones cutting the PdF massif and, moreover, that generally high soil CO2 fluxes show a δ13C signature clearly related to a magmatic origin.
Small interseismic asperities and widespread aseismic creep on the northern Japan subduction interface
Authors: Johnson Kaj M. , Mavrommatis Andreas , Segall Paul
Published: December 2015

The canonical model of fault coupling assumes that slip is partitioned into fixed asperities that display stick‐slip behavior and regions that creep stably. We show that this simple asperity model is inconsistent with GPS‐derived deformation in northern Japan associated with interseismic coupling on the subduction interface and the transient response to Mw 6.3–7.2 earthquakes during 2003–2011. Comparisons of GPS data with simulations of earthquakes on asperities and associated velocity‐strengthening afterslip require that afterslip overlaps areas of the fault that ruptured in previous earthquakes, including the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake. Whereas about 55% of the plate interface ruptured in earthquakes during 2003–2011, we infer that only 9% of the plate interface was fully locked between earthquakes. Inferred locked asperities are roughly 25% the size of rupture areas determined by seismic source inversions. These smaller asperities are consistent with interseismic strain accumulation in 2009, although more extensive locking is required a decade earlier in 1998.
Uniform asymptotic approximations for transient waves due to an initial disturbance
Authors: Madsen Per A. , Schäffer Hemming A. , Fuhrman David R. , Toledo Yaron
Published: December 2015

In this work, we first present a semianalytical method for the evolution of linear fully dispersive transient waves generated by an initial surface displacement and propagating over a constant depth. The procedure starts from Fourier and Hankel transforms and involves a combination of the method of stationary phase, the method of uniform asymptotic approximations and various Airy integral formulations. Second, we develop efficient convolution techniques expressed as single and double summations over the source area. These formulations are flexible, extremely fast, and highly accurate even for the dispersive tail of the transient waves. To verify the accuracy of the embedded dispersion properties, we consider test cases with sharp‐edged disturbances in 1‐D and 2‐D. Furthermore, we consider the case of a relatively blunt Gaussian disturbance in 2‐D. In all cases, the agreement between the convolution results and simulations with a high‐order Boussinesq model is outstanding. Finally, we make an attempt to extend the convolution methods to geophysical tsunami problems taking into account, e.g., uneven bottom effects. Unfortunately, refraction/diffraction effects cannot easily be incorporated, so instead we focus on the incorporation of linear shoaling and its effect on travel time and temporal evolution of the surface elevation. The procedure is tested on data from the 2011 Japan tsunami. Convolution results are likewise compared to model simulations based on the nonlinear shallow water equations and both are compared with field observations from 10 deep water DART buoys. The near‐field results are generally satisfactory, while the far‐field results leave much to be desired.
Upper‐ocean mixing due to surface gravity waves
Authors: Wu Lichuan , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlée Erik
Published: December 2015

Surface gravity waves play an important role in the lower layer of the atmosphere and the upper layer of the ocean. Surface waves effect upper‐ocean mixing mainly through four processes: wave breaking, Stokes drift interaction with the Coriolis force, Langmuir circulation, and stirring by nonbreaking waves. We introduce the impact of these four processes into a 1‐D
ocean turbulence model. The parameterizations used are based mainly on existing investigations. Comparison of simulation results and measurements demonstrates that considering all the effects of waves, rather than just one effect, significantly improves model performance. The nonbreaking‐wave‐induced mixing and Langmuir turbulence are the most important terms when considering the impact of waves on upper‐ocean mixing. Under high‐wave conditions, the turbulent mixing induced by nonbreaking waves can be of the same order of magnitude as the viscosity induced by other terms at the surface. Nonbreaking waves contribute very little to shear production and their impact is negligible in the models. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the vertical profile of the Stokes drift calculated from the 2‐D wave spectrum improves model performance significantly compared with other methods of introducing wave effects.
Marine seismic observation of internal solitary wave packets in the northeast South China Sea
Authors: Tang Qunshu , Hobbs Richard , Wang Dongxiao , Sun Longtao , Zheng Chan , Li Jiabiao , Dong Chongzhi
Published: December 2015

Recently the novel seismic oceanography method has been reported to be an effective way to study the energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea. An optimized seismic‐oceanographic cruise was carried out to observe such near‐surface ISWs on Dongsha Plateau in July 2014. Several soliton trains rather than single solitons were captured using the seismic technique. After seismic data processing, one prototypical rank‐ordered ISW packet on northeast side of Dongsha Island was clearly identified for further analysis. This included waveforms, propagation velocities, and vertical velocities for individual solitons. In this study, an improved scheme was applied to derive the transient phase velocities from the seismic data which is verified from independent satellite and hydrographic data. Analytical predictions from Korteweg‐de Vries equation fit better than the extended Korteweg‐de Vries equation ignoring background currents. Our results show that the seismic method can be successfully used to image targets in shallow water below 40 m and that seismic oceanography is a promising technique for studying near‐surface phenomena with high spatial resolution.
Covariations of SST and surface heat flux on 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales over the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Authors: Wu Renguang , Cao Xi , Chen Shangfeng
Published: December 2015

This study investigates the variability and relationship between intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and surface net heat flux (NHF) variations in the South China Sea and western North Pacific regions. It is shown that the intraseasonal SST variations and their coherence with surface heat flux variations display large differences between winter and summer and between 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales. The intraseasonal SST variability is comparable on 10–20 day and 30–60 day time scales but larger during summer than during winter. The NHF variability is much larger on the 10–20 day time scale and during winter. The coherence between intraseasonal SST and NHF variations is higher during summer than during winter due to the seasonal change in the mixed‐layer depth. During summer, coherent intraseasonal SST and NHF variations are identified in a southwest‐northeast tilted region from the South China Sea to the subtropics on the 10–20 day time scale but within a broad zonal band from the South China Sea to the Philippine Sea on the 30–60 day time scale. Such difference is not discernable during winter. The contribution of NHF to the SST tendency is larger on the 30–60 day time scale than on the 10–20 day time scale and during summer than during winter. Latent heat flux provides a much larger contribution than shortwave radiation to intraseasonal SST variations in most regions except for the South China Sea during summer on the 30–60 day time scale.
Self‐accelerated development of salt karst during flash floods along the Dead Sea Coast, Israel
Authors: Avni Yoav , Lensky Nadav , Dente Elad , Shviro Maayan , Arav Reuma , Gavrieli Ittai , Yechieli Yoseph , Abelson Meir , Lutzky Hallel , Filin Sagi , Haviv Itai , Baer Gidon
Published: December 2015

We document and analyze the rapid development of a real‐time karst system within the subsurface salt layers of the Ze'elim Fan, Dead Sea, Israel by a multidisciplinary study that combines interferometric synthetic aperture radar and light detection and ranging measurements, sinkhole mapping, time‐lapse camera monitoring, groundwater level measurements and chemical and isotopic analyses of surface runoff and groundwater. The >1 m/yr drop of Dead Sea water level and the subsequent change in the adjacent groundwater system since the 1960s resulted in flushing of the coastal aquifer by fresh groundwater, subsurface salt dissolution, gradual land subsidence and formation of sinkholes. Since 2010 this process accelerated dramatically as flash floods at the Ze'elim Fan were drained by newly formed sinkholes. During and immediately after these flood events the dissolution rates of the subsurface salt layer increased dramatically, the overlying ground surface subsided, a large number of sinkholes developed over short time periods (hours to days), and salt‐saturated water resurged downstream. Groundwater flow velocities increased by more than 2 orders of magnitudes compared to previously measured velocities along the Dead Sea. The process is self‐accelerating as salt dissolution enhances subsidence and sinkhole formation, which in turn increase the ponding areas of flood water and generate additional draining conduits to the subsurface. The rapid terrain response is predominantly due to the highly soluble salt. It is enhanced by the shallow depth of the salt layer, the low competence of the newly exposed unconsolidated overburden and the moderate topographic gradients of the Ze'elim Fan.