bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physique Moleculair: Physique de l'Atmosphere
Authors: Ackerman Marcel
Published: October 2011

Physique Moleculaire: Physique de l'Atmosphere is a collection of lectures presented at a winter school on the “Application of Molecular Physics to the Atmosphere and to the Environment,” organized from December 1–10, 1983, in Montfoulon (Normandy) under the auspices of various French governmental agencies including the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), the Center for Nuclear Studies, and the National Center for Space Studies (CNES). This initiative is part of a policy which developed a few years ago in France and is intended to promote interdisciplinary activities in order to foster interdisciplinary research.

Since the early 1970s, several serious questions have been put to the scientific community concerning the possible effects of man's activities on the atmosphere and the likely impact these effects have on the climate. The goal of these lectures was to encourage French scientific communities active in aeronomy, chemical kinetics, meterology, and spectroscopy to work together on those questions of upper atmosphere‐climate relationships, since they offer a typical interdisciplinary character. Most of the 12 lectures are in French, except for two that are in English, and can be divided into two groups: introductions of the structure of the atmosphere, the photochemistry and spectroscopy of atmospheric gases, the radiative transfer and the dynamic modeling of transport phenomena, and photochemistry in the atmosphere and more specialized treatments of remote sensing and in situ techniques used to gather data on the atmosphere from the ground as well as from airborne and space platforms in passive and active modes.
Radiance imaging and rainfall
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Upwelling radiation from the earth's surface has been found to be a successful indicator of the rate of rainfall, according to new analyses of data obtained by the Nimbus 7 and Seasat satellites. In a recent report describing the functions of the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on these satellites, R. W. Spencer, D. W. Martin, B. B. Hinton, and J . A. Weinman of the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin demonstrated that microwave emissions at the frequencies 37, 21, 18, 10.7, and 6.6 GHz are sensitive to changes in the rain rate (Nature, July 14, 1983). The results are significant because other satellite methods for the measurement of precipitation, which operate in the visible and infrared frequency ranges, infer precipitation from cloud observations.

The results of Spencer et al. are a comparison of SMMR U.S. data with rain rates derived from local weather radar observations. The comparison was done by digitizing radar plan position indicator photographs which are taken routinely by the U.S. National Weather Service. These rates and microwave brightness temperatures were entered in the University of Wisconsin Man‐computer Interactive Data Access System. The output was displayed as television images and the radar brightness rain scale was contrasted with the SMMR images.
Ocean and Coastal Law
Authors: Ross David A.
Published: October 2011

First of all, this is not the typical book that one expects to see reviewed in Eos, but, read on. It should be clear, by now, even to the most esoteric geophysicist, that lawyers and jurists are taking very close looks at many coastal zone and offshore marine activities. More importantly, there are a wide variety of laws (both at the state and the national levels) and international regulations that determine how we now use or will use our coastal region including how and where we will do marine scientific research. Recently, a Presidential Proclamation (March 1983) declared a 200‐mile exclusive economic zone for the United States. The President, in the accompanying statements to the Proclamation, has called special attention to polymetallic sulfide deposits (Is someone in the White House reading Eos?) in what will now be U.S. waters (i.e., the Juan de Fuca region). Well, if you or your colleagues want to know more about U.S. and individual state rules for management and use of our marine areas, this might be the book for you.
River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice
Authors: Joeres Erhard F.
Published: October 2011

River Basin Planning is divided into three major parts and an appendix. Part 1, Theory of River Basin Planning, is led by an introductory chapter from the editors emphasizing the major human component in the complex sociotechnical attributes of river basin development. They present a forceful argument for a truly interdisciplinary approach to river basin planning. (The appendix subsequently suggests curriculum development for courses in river basin planning.)

Part 2, River Basin Planning: Environmental Issues, is supported by two chapters: one with a focus on soil conservation, the other on ecosystem protection. The soil conservation chapter by I. Douglas illustrates that slow, inadvertent changes may be more damaging in the long run than immediate, direct effects. It postulates that planning for people perforce will require planning for soil conservation as an ongoing activity. The case for environmental protection is somewhat weak because of the singular example chosen for illustration. The Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia, is in a fragile, humid, tropical forest region where any change per se is interpreted as being detrimental.
Union and section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the coming months Eos will carry biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐elect, General Secretary, and Foreign Secretary of the Union and for President‐elect and Secretary of each Section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union offices and Section President‐elect will appear. The material for the Geodesy, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, and Planetology sections appears below. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in Eos, June 21, 1983, p. 422.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(7), July 31, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The Una Una report is an excerpt; the complete submarine volcano report is included. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E83–008 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1.
Coastal ocean dynamics
Authors: Allen J. , Beardsley R. , Brown W. , Cacchione D. , Davis R. , Drake D. , Friehe C. , Grant W. , Huyer A. , Irish J. , Janopaul M. , Williams A. , Winant C.
Published: October 2011

The main objective of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) is to observe and describe the response of continental shelf waters to strong atmospheric forcing in a relatively simple geomorphological setting. In order to achieve this goal, CODE has been designed (1) to define the different space and time scales of the physical parameters important to the shelf flow field and (2) to identify and describe the essential kinematical and dynamical processes governing wind‐driven circulation on the continental shelf.

A variety of models exist for the wind‐forced response of continental shelf waters. The salient differences among these models lies in the assumed balances between terms in the governing equations. For example, Gill and Schumann [1974] in a barotropic model assume a geostrophic cross‐shelf momentum balance but include the time‐dependent and surface and bottom stress terms in the along‐shelf momentum balance. Csanady [1978] in his arrested topographic wave model involving bottom friction assumes a quasisteady alongshelf response neglecting advective terms and retaining the geostrophic cross‐shelf balance. Various shelf wave models assume inviscid dynamics and other models assume a simple balance between surface and bottom stress in shallow water. To test the different assumptions behind these models, all terms in the governing equations need to be accurately estimated.
Ocean sciences award
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Reid Joseph L. , Brewer Peter G. , Vetter Richard C.
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of the American Geophysical Union wishes to recognize the outstanding contributions made by Richard C. Vetter. He will, at the end of June, complete a long and outstanding tenure at the National Academy of Sciences. We are told that Dick has actually served at the Academy for more than 25 years, but we find this hard to believe! Dick has served as the principal, and almost always the only, staff officer to the early Committee on Oceanography (known as NASCO); the Ocean Affairs Board; and the Ocean Sciences Board. Now the Academy is going through another of its almost patented reorganizations and, as a result, Dick is moving on. He will be missed by all of us and by his colleagues in other countries as well.
Fellowships available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council (NRC) is seeking applications for senior and postdoctoral associates for positions available in 19 federal agencies or research institutions. In 1984 approximately 250 new, full‐time associateships will be awarded on a competitive basis for research in chemistry, engineering, and mathematics and earth, environmental, physical, space, and life sciences. Most of the programs are open to both U.S. and non‐U.S. nationals and to recent Ph.D. recipients as well as to senior investigators. The deadline for applications is January 15, 1984.

The agencies and research institutions participating in this program provide the associates with opportunities to perform research on problems largely of their own choosing, yet compatible with the research interests of the supporting laboratory. The host institution provides the associate with facilities, support services, equipment, and travel funds necessary to conduct the research. The program also provides for relocation costs and for limited professional travel.
Mantle viscosity
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

A central factor in models of the earth's interior is the viscosity of the mantle. If regions of the mantle are highly viscous, then solid convection cells may not exist. Conversely, upper and lower mantle viscosity within certain limits could support convection cells ranging from mantle‐wide to layered dimensions.

It may not, of course, be possible yet to obtain unique viscosity models for all parts of the mantle because critical boundary values remain undefined or are too uncertain. Nonetheless, the viscosity of the mantle is a basic starting point for many, global geophysical models, and the more that can be known about its distribution the more valid the models.
Robert O. Reid honored
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Robert O. Reid, professor and head of the Department of Oceanography at Texas A&M University, was honored by about 80 of his former students with a two‐day symposium on the practice of physical oceanography, held April 14 and 15 on the College Station campus. Some 30 papers were presented by Reid's present and former students, who came to Texas A&M from many parts of the country to honor their former professor. A festschrift o f selected proceedings will be published by the Texas A&M University Press.

The symposium, planned by Feenan D. Jennings, director of the Texas A&M Office of University Research Services; A. D. Kirwan, Jr., University of South Florida; and William J . Merrell and Worth D. Nowlin, Jr., of the Texas A&M Department of Oceanography, was kept a secret from Reid until a reception the evening of April 13. Speaking on behalf of the symposium's organizers, Merrell noted that Reid has been on the graduate committee for 60 master's and Ph.D. students and committee chairman for 30 master's students and 55 doctoral students.
Earth Science Ph.D.'s up 13%
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

While the total number of research doctorates awarded in the United States in 1982 was down slightly from 1981, the number of such doctorates awarded in the earth, environmental, and marine sciences (EEMS) rose nearly 13% according to a recent document from the National Research Council.

The 31,048 research doctorates awarded by U.S. universities in 1982 is down from the 31,342 awarded in 1981. The number of EEMS doctorates awarded in 1982 was 657, up from 582 in 1981 (Eos, August 16, 1983, p. 506).
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: the dissertation title, author's name, name of the degree‐granting department and institution, and month and year degree was awarded. If possible include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐elect, General Secretary, and Foreign Secretary of the Union and for President‐elect and Secretary of each Section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union offices and for Section President‐elect will appear. The material for the Tectonophysics Section appears below. The material for the sections of Geodesy, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, and Planetology appeared in the August 30 issue; the material for the Atmospheric Sciences Section appeared in the September 27 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the June 21 issue.
Diamonds at high pressure
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

New calculations indicate that diamonds may not have any phase changes at pressures below 23×1011 N m−2 (23 Mbar) (M. T. Yin and M. I. Cohen, Physical Review Letters, 50, 2006, 1983). The importance of this result of course affects the applications of diamonds beyond their value as gem stones. Single crystal diamonds have served as very strong windows for the transmission of a range of radiation spectra in high‐pressure experiments. The ultimate strength of diamonds, however, could mark the limit of experiments at 1 Mbar and higher pressures.
Real‐time ionosphere data
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ionospheric electric fields estimated from observations with the STARE (Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment) system have been available in real time since August 1983. Such field information is very valuable: To carry out well‐defined experiments in the earth's ionosphere/magnetosphere system, it is desirable to have access in real time to data which define the state of this system. On the principle that no geophysical event is unique, conditions in the ionosphere/magnetosphere are recurrent, and thus the state wanted by an experimenter will reoccur eventually; to determine when, experimenters have usually relied on observations that yield information on currents (magnetometers) and charged particle precipitation (riometer, visual auroral data).
Prospecting with neutrinos
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

One of the latest attempts to explore the interface between physics and geophysics is the extravagant scheme of Alvaro De Rújula, Sheldon Glashow, Robert Wilson, and Georges Charpak, to be published in Physics Reports. In what these theoretical and experimental physicists described recently as “our mad project” (Physics Today, August 1983), a high‐energy neutrino beam is to be used as a geophysical prospecting tool.

The beam would be able to look for oil, natural gas, and high‐atomic‐number metal ores, and it would be able to profile the vertical density distribution of the earth. De Rújula et al. come to this project from the world of big physics machines, so it is natural to expect that the “Geotron,” the field instrument to supply and focus the neutrino beam, is to be big also.
China's petroleum reserves
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Perhaps because of declining yields inland, the People's Republic of China has moved to its storm‐ridden coast to develop additional petroleum reserves. During 1979 and 1980, 44 foreign oil‐exploration companies engaged in what has been termed the world's record “seismic shoot” over 411,000 km2 extending from the Yellow Sea through the South China Sea, and including Beibu Wan (Gulf of Tonkin), the bay lying east of Hanoi and west of Hainan Island. These offshore oil reserves are estimated to be 40–100 billion barrels.

The seas off the mainland are relatively shallow (most drilling has been done in less than 100 m) but they are stormy. According to a recent description, “Typhoons can … occur in the area at almost any time of the year, and the strong winds (160 km h−1 or more) which they generate frequently wreak havoc in the Philippines, Vietnam, China, and occasionally, Hong Kong. Typhoon Vera, which hit southern China in late July, did immense damage and claimed dozens of lives. The main implications for oil operation naturally relate to rig design and safety measures but onshore facilities will also have to be designed accordingly” (New Scientist, Sept. 8, 1983).
JOI seeks nominations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc., is seeking nominations for a new panel to coordinate scientific ocean drilling. To be called the U.S. Science Advisory Committee (USSAC), the panel would complement the work of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES).

The Board of Governors of JOI says it wants USSAC to include broad representation from academic, government, and industry sectors outside the 10 JOI member institutions, and it is inviting nominations, including a brief vita and list of publications, for membership on USSAC to be sent, by November 3, to John H. Clotworthy, JOI, Inc., 2100 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Suite 316, Washington, DC 20037.
An Introduction to Crystal Optics
Authors: Sands Donald E.
Published: October 2011

An Introduction to Crystal Optics is a reprinting in paperback of a book first published in 1966. The preface states that the only modification made in this version is an updating of the bibliography; however, a comprehensively revised edition is promised “before long.”

The book is essentially a treatment of classical optical crystallography, little touched by twentieth century science. The tone is descriptive and qualitative, equations are rare, and the physics tends to be superficial. If physics is not its forte, descriptive clarity is. This little volume is recommended for its well‐written exposition of the study of crystals with the aid of the polarizing microscope. It will serve as an excellent introduction to microscopy or optical mineralogy. It will also be useful to the advanced reader seeking elementary explanations of what other works treat in a more erudite manner.
Marine sulfur sources
Authors: Cline Joel D.
Published: October 2011

The world's oceans have been known for several years to be a significant source of sulfur in the atmosphere. Current estimates place sulfur from marine sources at about 50% of the atmospheric sulfur attributable to human sources. However, recent work published in Geophysical Research Letters (GRL) indicates that estimates need to be refined to account for seasonal variations in the production of marine sulfur and poor understanding of air‐sea interchange processes.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) represents more than 95% of the volatile sulfur compounds found in the ocean. Joel D. Cline and Timothy S. Bates, in the October issue of GRL, show that production of DMS in the central equatorial Pacific is strongly correlated with chlorophyll “a,” a measure of phytoplankton abundance, which is in turn associated with equatorial upwelling. The concentrations of DMS Cline and Bates found from 6°N to 6°S and from 148°W to 170°E (about 2% of the world's ocean surface area) would yield about 1% of the entire annual flux of sulfur from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐elect, General Secretary, and Foreign Secretary of the Union and for President‐elect and Secretary of each Section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union offices and for Section President‐elect will appear. The material for the Hydrology Section appears below. The material for the sections of Geodesy, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, and Planetology appeared in the August 30 issue; for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the September 27 issue; for the Tectonophysics section in the October 11; and for the Seismology Section in the October 18 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the June 21 issue.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐elect, General Secretary, and Foreign Secretary of the Union and for President‐elect and Secretary of each Section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union offices and for Section President‐elect will appear.
NGS publications program
Authors: Andrée Eleanor Z.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Government Printing Office has designated the National Geodetic Information Center (NGIC) of the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as the exclusive sales agent for NOAA geodetic publications. For years NGIC, the nation's geodetic depository, has been providing data to the public on a processing‐cost recovery basis. Now, in addition to data, users can also purchase NGS publications, software, and related products at reasonable prices from the NGIC, located in Rockville, Md.

NGS, a component of Charting and Geodetic Services of NOAA's National Ocean Service, is the U.S. Government agency charged with establishing and maintaining the National Geodetic Reference System; improving geodetic surveying methods; establishing federal government specifications for survey operations by federal, state, and other organizations; performing geodetic research in support of its mission, and disseminating geodetic data through a central data base. The information, results, and data derived or acquired by NGS are archived and reported to the scientific community through NOAA geodetic publications.
NRC associateships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Earth scientists received 29 of the roughly 150 research associateship awards granted in the physical, life, and engineering sciences by the National Research Council. The awards are made to new and senior Ph.D. scientists for up to 2 years of research to be conducted at participating federal laboratories. Annual stipends begin at $24,500 and are adjusted upward based on postdoctoral experience.

Listed below are names of awardees in the earth sciences, research title, award laboratory, and home institution. These associateships resulted from the National Research Council's February review of applications. Additional reviews later this year will result in an additional 100 awards for all fields. Information and application materials for 1984 awards are available from National Research Council Research Associate Programs, JH 608‐EOS, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418. The next deadline for receipt of applications is January 15, 1984.
Geophysical and geochemical consequences of nuclear explosions
Authors: Smith Joseph V.
Published: October 2011

An all‐Union session on the geophysical and geochemical consequences of nuclear explosions was commissioned by the AGU Public Affairs Committee and will be given at San Francisco Wednesday morning, December 7, 1983. The session is deliberately restricted to aspects within the domain of the American Geophysical Union, and the social, political, and ethical issues will not be treated explicitly. It is inevitable that such issues will be present in the minds of the speakers and audience, but they cannot be evaluated by rigorous scientific methods. The aim of the session is to examine the possible range of geophysical and geochemical consequences of various scenarios involving nuclear explosions. Such scenarios extend from a single nuclear explosion to a major nuclear exchange involving thousands of weapons. A Wednesday afternoon session at the Fall Meeting will examine atmospheric consequences.
Gravity
Authors: Wilcox L. E.
Published: October 2011

According to its preface, Gravity is intended to provide a fundamental knowledge about gravity and the use of gravity data for understanding the geophysical structure of the earth. The material included is based upon lectures given at the University of Tokyo by the author with added results obtained after his retirement from the university. The book was originally published in Japanese in 1979 and was translated into English by the author for the current edition.

C. Tsuboi was Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Tokyo until his death early in 1983. Throughout his career, he was an active worker in the areas of gravity measurement and interpretation. His contributions will be missed.
Counting clouds
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A 5‐year, international scientific program is under way to study and describe in detail the earth's cloud cover. In the hope that it will contribute to our understanding of how clouds affect, and are affected by, weather and climate, the United States, Canada, Japan, India, and several nations of the European community are participating in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. The project will use data from an array of earth‐orbiting satellites to inventory the whirling clouds below.
University contract research guidelines
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Concerns have been raised in the past few years over the increasing reliance of universities on contracts with outside agencies, public and private. These concerns have been the subject of meetings by the National Commission on Research, the Pajaro Dunes conference of university presidents and corporation executives, the Association of American Universities, and the Association of American University Professors, among others.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) recently revised its “Policy #64: The University and Contract Research,” to address these issues in a way that “will help [university] administration and faculty act so that [their] relationship with government agencies or private industry will in no way violate the professional freedoms which have contributed so much to the status of American higher education.” The ACLU has followed the issue, it says, “because of our determination that contractual relationships proceed within a framework that protects fundamental academic freedoms.”
FGGE buoys: 5 years later
Authors: Garrett John
Published: October 2011

During the final months of 1978 and early 1979 large numbers o f small drifting buoys were launched all over the southern oceans in preparation for the First Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Global Experiment. At the time, those of us who had been involved in the preceding years o f planning and development were mainly occupied with immediate questions—Would the Argos satellite tracking system work? Would the buoys survive long enough to form a useful array?—but our planning had included concern over the long‐term use of the data for oceanographic research. The buoy system worked better than we expected and returned a major data set on the surface current sand temperatures of the southern ocean. Now, 5 years later, it seems timely to review our experience. I will examine what we learned about the potential of drifting buoys and how our experience may help us to plan future large‐scale observing systems of all types.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(10), October 31, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The entire Veniaminof, Villarica, and Tangkuban Parahu reports are included; the Costa Rica and Una Una reports are excerpts. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E83‐011 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
The Origins of Magnetospheric Physics
Authors: Hess Wilmot N.
Published: October 2011

Professor James Van Allen has written a delightful little book on the history of research on the earth's radiation belt. This history is surely unique. It started in the 1950's with a completely new and unexpected discovery about the nature of energetic particles in near‐earth space. Three decades later it is a mature science with a general understanding of the distribution and energy of particles near the earth and a reasonably good theory explaining the origins, life histories, and losses.
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information for publication, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title (2) author's name (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution (4) month and year degree was awarded. If possible include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
Earth sciences priorities
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Priority research areas for the solid earth sciences were recently identified by two blue‐ribbon panels. Each suggested specific areas where funds should be targeted for rapid advances in expanding our knowledge of the earth and for long‐term payoffs both in basic research and in training the next generation of earth scientists.

In its report released last week, the Research Briefing Panel on the Solid Earth Sciences identified five priority research topics. In a report issued earlier this year, the Committee on Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences selected for top billing eight such research areas. The common scientific thread running through both reports: More research is needed on the structure, composition, and evolution of the continental lithosphere and on the dynamics of tectonic processes.
Winter weather forecast
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A milder‐than‐normal winter is predicted for the eastern and western extremes of the United States, while the country's midsection can expect colder than normal temperatures, according to the winter weather outlook issued November 28 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS). The outlook (Figure 1, top), which covers December, January, and February, also predicts that the Northwest, Midwest, and the lower Mississippi valley can expect greater than normal precipitation (Figure 2, top).

Independently, researchers with the Climate Research Group at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) issued their winter weather forecast on November 29. While the temperature outlook by Jerome Namias and Daniel Cayan (Figure 1, bottom) shows a similar—though not identical—pattern to the NWS prediction, the SIO researchers' precipitation prediction (Figure 2, bottom) is very different from the NWS one.
Oceanography: The Past: Oceanography: The Present and Future
Authors: Gordon Arnold L.
Published: October 2011

Oceanography is a young science, close to its historical roots, but it's maturing fast as “state‐of‐the‐art” technology and computer‐aided numerical modeling play an increasing role. Our ability to obtain, process, and analyze enormous volumes of data would stun an oceanographer of the 1930's. (I hope he would be equally impressed by the quality of modern data.) The Third International Congress on the History of Oceanography and the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) were both held in September 1980 at WHOI; and both events were taken as an opportunity to improve our understanding of the past and present of oceanography, and future of the ocean sciences with the thought that we could thereby better influence future trends.
Predictability of mesoscale phenomena
Authors: Doneaud André
Published: October 2011

The Symposium on Predictability of Mesoscale Phenomena (DM3), held at the 1983 IUGG General Assembly, addressed two questions: (1) What mechanisms control the predictability of mesoscale phenomena, in particular quantitative precipitations? (2) Over what time interval can these events be predicted? The papers presented were related more to the first question than to the second. Two sessions were organized. Session I was reserved for the meso‐α type studies and session 2 for the meso‐β type studies. Space does not permit discussion of all contributions.
Registering hydrologists: An exchange: AIH comment
Authors:   The Executive Committee and Board of Registration of the American Institute of Hydrology
Published: October 2011

Some members of the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, have taken issue with the American Institute of Hydrology (AIH) for establishing a certification process for professional hydrologists and hydrogeologists without “…involvement of the profession as a whole…” (Eos, April 19, 1983, p. 146). We wish to respond to their concerns by explaining how AIH evolved in response to a widely perceived need.

The need for certification of hydrologists and hydrogeologists has been expressed repeatedly by individuals, consulting firms, and by some state and federal agencies. Individuals expressed their views in professional journals or through the nationwide survey conducted in 1976 in connection with the “State of Education in the Field of Hydrology.” Private consultants, as well, indicated the difficulty with identifying and selecting qualified hydrologists and hydrogeologists. In 1979, an Ad Hoc Committee of the Association of University Watershed Scientists recommended a strengthening of the U.S. Civil Service entry‐level requirements for hydrologists (Announcement No. 424, May 1975.) This effort was in response to professionals within the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management who were concerned that the existing standards “did not ensure high‐quality entry‐level professionals in hydrology.” In 1975 the General Secretary of the American Water Resources Association (AWRA) recommended to AWRA that they consider developing a certification process for hydrologists and hydrogeologists, but no action was taken. Similarly, no action was taken by any other existing scientific or professional organization such as AGU, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, National Well Water Association, Geological Society of America, AWRA, etc.
Reply [to “Registering hydrologists: An exchange”]
Authors: Eagleson Peter S.
Published: October 2011

The Executive Committee of AGU's Hydrology Section has considered the question of certification for hydrologists (Eos, September 13, 1983, p. 554). It has concluded that the existing certification procedures having the backing of state or federal legislation (Professional Engineer or Professional Geologist) are currently adequate to satisfy society's needs for protection from unprofessional practice

The committee recognizes however that there may be some hydrologists, particularly those whose education has been in forestry or in agriculture, who may not qualify for certification under the existing procedures and for whom certification might have some economic advantage.
Industry R&D to rise in 1984
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Research and development spending from private industry funds is expected to grow approximately 11% during 1984 to $48 billion, according to a new report by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Spurring this growth, say industry officials, are industry's need to keep abreast of rapidly advancing technology, the impact of foreign competition, and the expectation that more funds will be available as the economic recovery continues.

The NSF report is based on mail response to an inquiry to the foundation's Industrial Panel on Science and Technology and on interviews with officials in several R&D‐intensive industries. The panel is composed of about 90 officials, primarily corporate directors of research and development, who are responsible for R&D in their companies. The report, “Companies Plan Increases in R&D Spending Through 1984,” contains projections of R&D expenditures for 1983 and 1984 for the six largest R&D‐performing industries: machinery (including computers); electrical equipment and communications; chemicals (including drugs and medicine); motor vehicles; aircraft; and professional and scientific instruments.
University/industry research
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The problems encountered in mixing industrial and university research goals can be major, but so can the benefits. The National Science Board (NSB) recently released a report on “University‐Industry Research Relationships: Selected Studies” (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1983). It is an analysis of the much‐discussed new trend toward increased industrial funding of university research projects.

University laboratories cannot generally solve industry's R&D problems. Success for the corporation in sponsoring academic research is realized in the value of cooperative research programs as training exercises for future industrial scientists. An occasional patent arising from such a project is considered an added benefit, not a primary goal.
November streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

November was exceptionally wet across most of the nation, especially in some states in the West and Midwest, according to month‐end checks by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of groundwater and surface water conditions across the country.

Of 171 keys USGS streamflow stations surveyed, 81 had flows in the normal range during November and another 81 had well above average flows, while only 9 were below long‐term averages, said Carroll Saboe, a hydrologist at the USGS National Center in Reston, Va.
Trans‐Pacific Section
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A trans‐Pacific section along latitude 24.5°N is planned for 1985, with the field program tentatively scheduled for April 17 to June 27. The purpose of the expedition is to measure the transport of heat by ocean currents, to determine the net transport of water masses and estimate the meridional general circulation of the North Pacific, and to improve the mapping of tracer distributions in the deep North Pacific.

Approximately 200 surface‐to‐bottom CTD/rosette stations will be occupied across the width of the ocean, with maximum station spacing of 80 km over abyssal plains, closing to 30–50 km over rough topography and boundaries. Water samples will be collected and analyzed on board for salinity, oxygen, and nutrients.
Mineral physics machines
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The field of mineral physics will benefit from an era of big physics machines that will produce intense beams of X rays, neutrons, and high‐energy particles. The new super accelerators are being built as tools for high‐energy physics experiments and for materials science research.

Mineral physics studies are among the most sophisticated to be conducted. High‐intensity X rays will be used to solve complex crystal structures, to detail the steps of fast mineral phase changes, and to penetrate to the sample chambers of high‐pressure cells. Neutron beams powerful enough to penetrate surface layers of the earth's crust will be used to probe for mineral deposits.
Urban hydrology and surface runoff
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Urban Hydrology Committee was recently amalgamated with the Surface Runoff Committee (Eos, September 13, 1983, p. 554). The chairman of the Surface Runoff Committee is Keith Hipel, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, 519‐885‐1211, ext. 3113. The members of the Surface Runoff Committee warmly welcome their new colleagues from Urban Hydrology.
1983 Robert E. Horton Award
Authors: Eagleson Peter S. , Woolhiser David A.
Published: October 2011

The recipient of this year's American Geophysical Union Robert E. Horton Award is David A. Woolhiser of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Woolhiser is Supervisory Research Hydraulic Engineer and Research Leader for Watershed Hydrology at the Southwest Rangeland Watershed Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. His academic training was at the University of Wisconsin, where he received degrees of Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Philosophy, both in Civil Engineering, and at the University of Arizona, where he received an M.S., also in Civil Engineering.

Dr. Woolhiser's career has spanned government and academia and his contributions to hydrology have ranged from theoretical developments to practical applications
Legislative update
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Arctic Research And Policy Act, H.R. 2292 (Young, R‐Alaska) and S. 373 (Murkowski, R‐Alaska), would provide comprehensive national policy dealing with national needs and objectives in Arctic and would provide a centralized system for collection and retrieval of scientific data, establish priorities, and provide financial support for basic and applied scientific research. Senate version created a 5‐person Arctic Science Council to establish policy and a 9‐member commission to make research grants. Also authorized $25 million per year for 5 years. House Science and Technology Committee reported a new version that would establish a 6‐member Arctic Research Commission responsible for developing policy and advising government agencies. Passed June 27, 1983 Reported Nov. 10, 1983
NASA launch schedule
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has a record‐setting launch schedule for 1984—10 space shuttle flights (see Table 1), 10 satellite deployments from the space shuttle in orbit and 12 unmanned missions using expendable launch vehicles. Also scheduled is the launch on March 1 for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of Landsat D′, the nation's second earth resources satellite.

The launch activity will begin February 3 with the launch of shuttle mission 41‐B using the orbiter Challenger. Two communications satellites will be deployed from 41‐B: Westar‐VI, for Western Union, and Palapa B‐2 for the government of Indonesia. The 8‐day mission will feature the first shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center in Florida; and the first flight of the Manned Maneuvering Unit, a self‐contained, propulsive backpack that will allow astronauts to move about in space without being tethered to the spacecraft.
Stratospheric sulfate particles
Authors: Ono Akira
Published: October 2011

As part of scientific activities of the Middle Atmosphere Program in Japan, the direct sampling of trace gases and aerosols in the lower stratosphere has been planned by using Merlin‐IV aircraft. Most of the flights have been performed during winter, since Merlin‐IV can reach the lower stratosphere only during cold seasons at latitudes of 36°–40°N. During the sampling flights, concurrent with the aerosol sampling, O3 mixing ratios were measured simultaneously from aircraft by using a modified airborne ozonesonde. The O3 mixing ratio is used as tracer of stratospheric air and, together with radiosonde records of the Japan Meteorological Agency's local weather stations is a good indicator of the height of the tropopause along the flight track.
El Niño Study
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A National Research Council (NRC) committee has laid the foundation for a coordinated, decade‐long study of the ocean‐atmosphere interactions associated with the El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. The plan describes itself as intended to “serve as a mechanism for engendering a vigorous international program required to address the global problem.”

The Southern Oscillation (SO) is a recurrent seesawing of atmospheric mass between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the tropics and subtropics that plays havoc with the global climate by changing wind, temperature, and rainfall in the monsoon regions, the central and western equatorial Pacific, and throughout the tropics. The El Niño (EN), a related phenomemon, is an anomalous, periodic warming of the waters off South America that in turn affects atmospheric circulation patterns, producing erratic weather patterns. Together, the phenomena are known as ENSO.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 8(12), December 31, 1983, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The Mt. St. Helens, Sakurajima, and earthquake reports are all excerpts. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E84‐001 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Ocean drilling update
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Although planning for the first year of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is well under way, the National Science Foundation (NSF) invites proposals from U.S. scientists and institutions for scientific and technological activities that “serve to enrich the scientific return from ocean drilling and ensure that ocean drilling is employed to the best advantage,” according to Herman B. Zimmerman, ODP program associate for science coordination. Drilling operations for ODP are expected to begin in October (Eos, January 31, 1984, p. 33).

In the United States, NSF supports participation of U.S. scientists through the research support component of ODP. This support focuses on investigations of potential drilling regions, including studies that combine aspects of continental and marine geoscience; downhole geophysical experiments and development of related instrumentation; and workshops and other activities that focus on problem definition prior to drilling operations, Zimmerman said. To be considered for support, proposed projects must be clearly relevant to the drilling plans of the international community and focus on pre‐drilling or drilling‐concurrent activities, he explained. Where appropriate, proposals may be considered jointly by ODP and other research support programs within NSF and within other agencies.