bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of adding chewing gum to oral carbohydrates on preoperative anxiety scores in women undergoing gynecological surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Bang Yu Jeong , Lee Jong-Hwan , Kim Chung Su , Choi Dan-Cheong , Noh Joseph J. , Lee Yoo-Young , Min Jeong-Jin
Published: April 2023

Background

Preoperative anxiety is an unpleasant experience that can adversely affect perioperative outcomes. Although clinical benefits of preoperative oral carbohydrate is well reported, the effect of adding chewing gum to carbohydrate loading has never been studied. We aimed to investigate the effect of adding gum-chewing to oral carbohydrates on preoperative anxiety and gastric volume in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.

Methods

One hundred and four patients were enrolled and randomized either into a carbohydrate drink group (CHD group) or CHD with gum group. The CHD group was instructed to drink 400 mL of oral carbohydrate the evening before and 200–400 mL 3 hours before surgery. The CHD with gum group was encouraged to chew gum freely during preanesthetic fasting in addition to consuming oral carbohydrates in the same manner. The primary endpoint was preoperative anxiety assessed using the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS). The degree of patient-reported quality of recovery after surgery and gastric volume prior to general anesthesia were also compared as secondary outcomes.

Results

Preoperative APAIS was lower in the CHD with gum group compared with the CHD group (16 [11.5, 20] vs. 20 [16.5, 23], p = 0.008). Patient-rated quality of recovery after surgery was also higher in the CHD with gum group and showed a significant negative correlation with preoperative APAIS score (correlation coefficient: -0.950, p = 0.001). Gastric volume were not different between the groups (0 [0–0.45] vs. 0 [0–0.22], p = 0.158).

Conclusion

The addition of gum chewing to oral carbohydrate loading during preoperative fasting was more effective in relieving preoperative anxiety than oral carbohydrate alone in women patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery.

Trial registration

Clinical Research Information Services, CRIS identifier: KCT0005714, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp.
General practice care following acute exacerbations of COPD: A survey of Australian general practitioners
Authors: Perera Bianca , Barton Chris , Osadnik Christian
Published: April 2023

Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) are one of the leading causes of preventable hospital admissions in Australia. Exacerbations are the strongest predictor for future exacerbations. The period immediately following an exacerbation is a high-risk period for recurrence and critical time to intervene. The aim of this study was to identify current general practice care for patients following an AECOPD in Australia and gain insights into knowledge of evidence-based care. A cross-sectional survey was created and disseminated electronically to Australian general practitioners (GPs). Data were analysed descriptively. Comparisons between groups were made using Chi squared tests. From 64 responses, 47% were familiar with the COPD-X Plan. Only 50% described reviewing patients within seven days of discharge mostly related to a lack of awareness of the hospital admission. 50% of surveyed GPs reported hospital discharge summaries did not provide the information they required. Smoking, immunisation and medications were regularly assessed by >90% respondents at follow-up visits, while referrals to pulmonary rehabilitation, and evaluation of spirometry and oxygen therapy were not prioritised. GPs appear to require support to increase their familiarity with COPD guidelines and inform evidence-based clinical practice. The handover/communication process from hospital to primary care appears an important area for future improvement.
ECG classification using 1-D convolutional deep residual neural network
Authors: Khan Fahad , Yu Xiaojun , Yuan Zhaohui , Rehman Atiq ur
Published: April 2023

An electrocardiograph (ECG) is widely used in diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The traditional ECG classification methods have complex signal processing phases that leads to expensive designs. This paper provides a deep learning (DL) based system that employs the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification of ECG signals present in PhysioNet MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The proposed system implements 1-D convolutional deep residual neural network (ResNet) model that performs feature extraction by directly using the input heartbeats. We have used synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) that process class-imbalance problem in the training dataset and effectively classifies the five heartbeat types in the test dataset. The classifier’s performance is evaluated with ten-fold cross validation (CV) using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, and kappa. We have obtained an average accuracy of 98.63%, precision of 92.86%, sensitivity of 92.41%, and specificity of 99.06%. The average F1-score and Kappa obtained were 92.63% and 95.5% respectively. The study shows that proposed ResNet performs well with deep layers compared to other 1-D CNNs.
Challenging perceptions of fast and slow in contemporary fashion: A review of the paper dresses trend in the United Kingdom and the United States during the 1960s
Authors: Auerbach George Hannah , Tregenza Liz , Stenton Marie , Kapsali Veronika , Blackburn Richard S. , Houghton Joseph A.
Published: April 2023

Writing in 2022 we are at a global crisis point, as our use of the planet’s finite resources outstrips supply. Our current lifestyles continue to perpetuate this problem by encouraging excessive and wasteful models of consumption. One of the most detrimental industries for this is the clothing industry. Our fashion cycle is now programmed to be ‘ultra-fast’, encouraging excessive consumption of garments causing myriad environmental issues. This article argues that there are developing models of both manufacture and consumption, which can satiate this need for ‘fast’ fashion whilst being part of the wider sustainable fashion conversation. Rather than understanding the short-term life cycle of clothing as inherently unsustainable, this can be reframed as matching a garment’s use phase to the longevity of the material it is made from. This article uses a material culture approach to explore original 1960s paper garments, alongside a critical analysis of the sustainability of their manufacture and disposal from a green chemical perspective. Using the combined knowledge and experience of its authors, from historians and sustainable fashion designers to green chemists and biochemical engineers, this article demonstrates how such garments could inspire new models of sustainable fashion production and consumption. We argue that the current paradigm of slow fashion as the only antidote to fast fashion must be challenged. Instead, the fashion and textile sector must consider a range of solutions to the environmental burden of fast fashion that are human-centred and sympathetic to all consumer demographics and needs.
Molecular and morphological identification of Lernaea spp. in Cyprinid fishes from two districts in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Prastowo Joko , Priyowidodo Dwi , Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna , Sahara Ana , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Ninditya Vika Ichsania
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Parasitic infection commonly affects freshwater ornamental fishes. Parasites in fish may impede their growth and even cause death, resulting in a decline in fecundity. The prevalence of lernaeosis in aquaculture ponds in Indonesia requires attention because of missing data, especially from Yogyakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Lernaea species found in fish in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, molecularly and morphologically, as well as an overview of their distribution and the water condition they inhabit.

Materials and Methods: Lernaea species were collected from three different fish species in two districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for precise identification. Lernaea specimens were characterized morphologically and subjected to molecular identification based on 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes.

Results: Lernaea in this study was morphologically and genetically confirmed as Lernaea cyprinacea, and the infection rate in each fish species was different. Water conditions might have contributed to the differences in infection levels.

Conclusion: This study characterized L. cyprinacea isolated from Yogyakarta. Future research should focus on sequencing as much molecular information as possible and carrying out more experimental infections.

Keywords: 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, aquaculture, Lernaea cyprinacea, parasite.
Avaliação da higienização de superfícies de tanques comunitários de resfriamento e conservação de leite cru
Authors: Pereira Daniel Arantes , Teodoro Vanessa Aglaê Martins , Moreira Gisela De Magalhães Machado , Costa Renata Golin Bueno , Pinto Sandra Maria
Published: April 2023

A eficácia dos procedimentos de higiene adotados em tanques de expansão comunitários foi avaliada por meio da avaliação de superfícies do tanque de recepção, da mangueira de conexão entre a recepção e o tanque de expansão, do tanque de resfriamento, de latões de plástico e metálicos. Foram realizadas contagens de mesófilos aeróbios estritos e facultativos, coliformes a 30ºC e Escherichia coli (E. coli), além dos testes de ATP-bioluminescência e 3M Clean-Trace Surface Protein Plus. A saída do tanque de expansão apresentou as maiores contagens de mesófilos aeróbios estritos e facultativos e maior reprovação pelo método ATP-bioluminescência. A contagem de coliformes a 30ºC foi superior durante o período de chuvas. O método ATP-bioluminescência e o teste 3M Clean-Trace Surface Protein Plus apresentaram resultados de aprovação semelhantes, nas superfícies onde o emprego do cloro é frequente, na recepção e no tanque de expansão. Nas superfícies onde a aplicação de cloro não é frequente, como de mangueiras e latões, o método de ATP-Bioluminescência foi mais rigoroso na aprovação das condições higiênicas. A falta de procedimentos padronizados de higienização comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica das superfícies. Apenas onde há o uso rotineiro de sanitizantes após limpeza adequada houve redução da contaminação das superfícies. Durante o período chuvoso as superfícies avaliadas apresentaram piores resultados.
Queijos artesanais de Minas, nem todos são QMA: uma breve revisão
Authors: Sobral Denise , Bueno Costa Renata Golin , Lima Marciana De Souza , Rodrigues Ricardo Francisco , Paiva Carolina Santiago , De Paula Junio Cesar Jacinto , Costa Júnior Luiz Carlos Gonçalves
Published: April 2023

O queijo Minas artesanal (QMA) é um produto bastante produzido e consumido em todo o estado de Minas Gerais, sendo as regiões de Araxá, Campo das Vertentes, Canastra, Cerrado, Ibitipoca, Serra do Salitre, Serro e Triângulo consideradas as 8 tradicionais regiões produtoras de queijo Minas artesanal. Com a publicação da Lei 23.157, de 18 de dezembro de 2018, que dispõe sobre a produção e comercialização dos queijos artesanais de Minas Gerais, outras variedades de queijos artesanais puderam também ser reconhecidas e regularizadas, além do QMA. Dentre as variedades de queijos artesanais de Minas (QAM), que não são QMA, estão: o queijo artesanal de Alagoa, o queijo artesanal Mantiqueira de Minas, o queijo Cabacinha, o queijo artesanal do Vale do Suaçuí, o queijo artesanal da Serra Geral e também o requeijão artesanal, conhecido como requeijão Moreno. Enquanto o QMA deve seguir uma tecnologia de fabricação padrão em todas as regiões onde é produzido, os outros queijos artesanais de Minas possuem algumas particularidades como aquecimento e cozimento da massa, ou fusão, ou filagem, dentre outras etapas que não são permitidas no QMA. Em suma, os queijos artesanais de Minas englobam os queijos Minas artesanais (QMA) e também os queijos artesanais que possuem tecnologia de fabricação específica somente de sua variedade. Os QAM fazem parte da história e da cultura mineira, mas ainda não foram extensamente estudados, por isso não existem muitas publicações científicas a respeito das suas características e do modo de fazer destes queijos. Neste contexto, esta revisão teve como objetivo abordar o que se tem de literatura para elucidar as principais características dos QAM que não se enquadram na classificação de QMA, bem como suas regiões de produção e tecnologias de fabricação.
Propriedades antimicrobianas e tecnológicas de bactérias ácido-lácticas isoladas de queijos tradicionais do tipo Colonial do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Lima Carlos Henrique Gomes de Sousa , Carbonera Nádia , Helbig Elizabete
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades antimicrobianas e tecnológicas de bactérias ácido-lácticas de queijos artesanais do tipo Colonial comercializados em feiras de rua de Pelotas, RS. Um total de 63 isolados de BAL gelatinase e DNase negativas, não hemolíticas e sensíveis aos antibióticos cloranfenicol e tetraciclina foram utilizadas no estudo. A atividade antagônica foi verificada pelo método spot-on-the-lawn frente a micro-organismos patogênicos e BAL de referência e pela avaliação da produção de substâncias inibitórias semelhantes à bacteriocinas pela técnica de difusão em poços contra L. monocytogenes e S. aureus. Quatro BAL (Q1BAL10, Q2BAL2, Q4LBAL1 e Q4BAL5) conseguiram produzir BLIS anti-Listeria, proteinases extracelulares e destas Q2BAL2 e Q4BAL1 foram caracterizadas como culturas de acidificação rápida. Após os testes moleculares, foram identificadas como Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactococcus lactis, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem as linhagens como potenciais candidatas na biopreservação de produtos lácteos.
Descripción de la derrota: fenomenología de la esclavitud
Authors: Venebra Muñoz Marcela
Published: April 2023

La tesis central de este artículo es que la esclavitud es fenomenológicamente descriptible como reducción del esfuerzo a fuerza física, a través de la imposición de la imposibilidad, como fuente de reconocimiento del sí mismo en la derrota. El esclavo se reconoce desde la negación de lo posible para sí en el mundo. Expongo esta tesis en tres momentos principales, en la primera parte desarrollo el concepto de esfuerzo, con base en los análisis husserlianos de la constitución, expuestos en IdeasII. En el segundo apartado expongo el modo en que el esfuerzo, como concreción de una voluntad egoica-encarnada, es reducido a fuerza física –productiva– mediante la alienación de las posibilidades del ‘yo-puedo’. El correlato de este modo de consti-tución del cuerpo propio, en la enajenación de su poder, de lo posible para sí, es un horizonte que se presenta para el yo en el modo de la clausura o la imposibilidad, desde la que yo se reconoce como derrotado, tema que trato en el último y tercer apartado. La descripción de la derrota pone de manifiesto la condición de la voluntad corporal como límite resistente ante la esclavitud.
Caffè macchiato grande, Bambini and Casoni: languaging in the text genre of travel guides
Authors: Gärtig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin
Published: April 2023

This article deals with languaging, a manifestation of language contact often found in tourism communication. It is understood as the use of local language in tourism texts written in the language of the tourists. After a review of previous research on languaging and its functions within tourism communication and on the contact linguistic status of languaging units and their mediation in the text, an analysis of a corpus consisting of four general German guidebooks on the northern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia is carried out with regard to how the examples of languaging found therein are distributed between the different guides and within each guidebook. Previous studies have already pointed out that the distribution in the guides is not uniform. The analysis is based on the work on text genres by Fandrych and Thurmair, according to which travel guides are large texts with four subtext genres, namely orientation texts, sightseeing texts, advice texts and in-depth texts, each of which fulfils certain dominant functions, has certain linguistic structures and deals with certain topics. The research questions posed are: what is the quantitative distribution of languaging evidence in the analysed guidebooks, and do certain semantic-functional types of languaging occur preferentially or even exclusively in certain subtext genres?
Analytical modeling of adsorption isotherms for pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes as gas sensors
Authors: Gupta Seema , Anand Ankur , Neeru  , Kumar Rachana
Published: April 2023

The modeling of experimental data for adsorption is a very important means of predicting the mechanism of various adsorption systems. The experimental data for variation of conductivity of pristine and SnO2 functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes with concentration of nitrogen dioxide and ammonia gases (2 ppm–20 ppm) has been correlated with theoretical isotherm models. Studies are done with a one parameter model: Henry’s isotherm and two parameter models: Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm and Temkin models. Regression analysis is used to see the compatibility of theoretical models with the experimental data. The Freundlich isotherm shows the maximum compatibility with the experimental results with maximum value of regression coefficient and minimum value of average relative error suggesting the heterogenous nature of the surface. The calculated values of different constants for the four models indicate the increased adsorption capacity in case of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes. This may be attributed to increase in heterogeneity and enhanced surface area.
“One-for-All” approach: a black technology for nanomedicine development?
Authors: Xiang Jiajia , Shao Shiqun , Zhou Zhuxian , Shen Youqing
Published: April 2023

Cancer nanomedicines require different, even opposite, properties to voyage the cascade drug delivery process involving a series of biological barriers. Currently-approved nanomedicines can only alleviate adverse effects but cannot improve patient survival because they fail to meet all the requirements. Therefore, nanocarriers with synchronized functions are highly requisite to capacitate efficient drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacies. This perspective article summarizes recent advances in the two main strategies for nanomedicine design, the All-in-One approach (integration of all the functions in one system) and the One-for-All approach (one functional group with proper affinity enables all the functions), and presents our views on future nanomedicine development.
Environmental advantages and challenges of nanocellulose reinforced starch-based packaging
Authors: Miranda Isabella Cícera Dias , López Jorge Alberto , Hernández-Macedo Maria Lucila
Published: April 2023

Sustainable packaging development with lower environmental impact is urgent due to the petroleum-based plastic accumulation. Thereby, nanocellulose arouses the interest of several industrial sectors as renewable sources material and its mechanical properties for packaging manufacture. Biopolymers such as starch have been an alternative in packaging preparation, although its low mechanical and water resistance represents a challenge for its application. An alternative to improve these starch characteristics is nanocellulose incorporation. Thus, this chapter proposes obtaining nanocellulose from renewable sources, and its environmental advantage to replace plastics. Furthermore, types of nanocellulose, methods for obtaining, and the main physicochemical characteristics of nanocellulose are discussed since this polymer versatility allows its application in several industrial sectors, especially in packaging development. Finally, this review presents the incorporation nanocellulose-based nanocomposites in matrices, aiming to obtain formulations containing active agents to improve mechanical strength and water resistance and packaged product quality.
Reform des Einkommensteuertarifs
Authors: Rose Manfred
Published: April 2023

According to German income tax law, a large number of private expenses are deductible when determining the tax base. These are expenses that do not serve to generate income. The legislature has allowed them to be deducted in order to make it easier for the citizens concerned to finance the existential needs of themselves and those they support and to trigger incentives for certain socially desirable activities e. g. through donations to non-profit organizations. The reduction in the tax burden caused by their deduction increases with the amount of taxable income, which contradicts the principle of fair taxation. It is proposed that the relief in question should in future be regulated by a deduction of 25 percent of the permissible private expenditure from the tax liability according to tariff. Furthermore, the replacement of the current tariff regulated according to mathematical formulas by a tariff completely regulated in stages of constant marginal tax rates is proposed. Simulation calculations show that the tax reform leads to a relief for lower to middle incomes and an additional burden for higher income.
Maschinenlernen und Menschenhandeln
Authors: Klein Clemens
Published: April 2023

Die Debatten über Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) scheinen zum medialen Alltag zu gehören. Neue und komplexe Technik prägt offensichtlich die Gesellschaft und viele Menschen sind sich unsicher, was noch kommen wird. Die Zukunft ist aber kein Schicksal, sondern bildet als Konzept vielmehr eine Projektionsfläche, auf der verschiedene Menschen verschiedene Dinge sehen können. Der Artikel will daher ein paar bekannte Grundgedanken rekonstruieren und dazu eine pädagogische Reflexion anbieten. Tiere und Roboter lernen wahrscheinlich ähnlich wie der Mensch. Auch wenn Tiere und Roboter wahrscheinlich ähnlich wie der Menschen lernen, sind Menschen mehr als nur lernenden Wesen. Sie sind mimetische Nachahmer und erleben darin sowohl Anerkennung als auch Enttäuschung; zwei Dinge, welche sich wohl nur bedingt maschinell algorithmisieren lassen.
Bildungsbeziehungen in der Ankunftszeit des Metaversums – eine religionspädagogische Sensibilisierung
Authors: Schlag Thomas , Yadav Katharina
Published: April 2023

Dieser Beitrag nimmt die aktuelle Diskussionslage über die Entwicklungen des sogenannten Metaversums auf und fragt nach deren religionspädagogischer und religionsdidaktischer Relevanz. Welche Herausforderungen ergeben sich durch die (Macht-)Ansprüche und technologischen Entwicklungen des Metaversums für eine theologisch-religionspädagogische Reflexion? Wie kann in religionsdidaktischer Hinsicht in Lehr- und Lernprozessen mit den entstehenden Möglichkeiten verantwortlich, kritisch und konstruktiv umgegangen werden? Ausgegangen wird davon, dass das Metaversum als virtuell geschaffene, KI-basierte und immersive Realität über kurz oder lang existenziell bedeutsame Räume für die individuelle Orientierung, Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und damit für religionsbezogene Bildungsprozesse eröffnen wird. Dabei sind Körperlichkeit, Beziehungs- und Resonanzerfahrung sowie verantwortliches Handeln zentrale Aspekte der theologisch reflektierten Selbstpositionierung in diesen neu entstehenden digitalen Kommunikationswelten. Von der Beleuchtung dieser medialen Transformationsdynamik aus erfolgt eine Systematisierung von sachlich naheliegenden anthropologisch-theologischen Fragen und Themen für den Religionsunterricht. Dies verbindet sich vor dem Hintergrund einer beziehungsorientierten Religionspädagogik mit dem Plädoyer für Formen des Theologisierens, durch die mit dem und im Metaversum existenziell bedeutsame und verantwortungsoffene Räume erschlossen werden können.
(Un)Doing School in der Konfirmandenarbeit
Authors: Roose Hanna
Published: April 2023

The reform process changing “confirmation instruction” to “confirmation work” has been characterized as a process of undoing school. At the same time, confirmation work adheres to a teaching intention – and therefore to doing school. So how do practices of undoing school and doing school manifest themselves? The article explores this question in terms of differential theory and addressing analysis on the basis of videotaped units from confirmation work and discussions with pastors. As a result, practices of (un)doing school show tendencies of formalization, imitation, and distancing as well as informalization and closure. In view of the weaker institutional framing, teaching parts of confirmation work are particularly dependent on practices of doing school and at the same time exposed to the pressure of expectations of an undoing school.
Sumário
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Luciano
Published: April 2023

DG-Revista: Sumário do Volume 01 de 2022 - Edição Especial
AS CICATRIZES FALAM
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Alves Eliada Mayara , Da Silva Voss Dulce Mari , Lorea Leite Maria Cecilia
Published: April 2023

Neste texto, propõe-se uma discussão acerca do crescimento das violências contra as mulheres e dos feminicídios, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, a partir de uma perspectiva que entrecruza os conceitos da decolonialidade e da interseccionalidade no estudo realizado. A análise é feita com base em dados quanti-qualitativos extraídos do site do Jornal Correio Braziliense que constituem uma prática discursiva das contingências em que as violências acontecem. Constata-se que, a violência de gênero, associada às desigualdades étnico-raciais, sexistas e de classe social, intensificam os dispositivos de captura dos corpos e existências mais vulnerabilizadas neste contexto pandêmico. O poder de vida e de morte é impresso e disseminado sobre os corpos, não apenas de forma deliberada e pelo uso da violência extrema, mas também pelas inúmeras formas de produzir saberes, relações e percepções em torno da vida de mulheres, práticas coloniais, nas quais distintas categorias se tornam invisíveis em muitas análises, pois essas não priorizam as relações interseccionais de poder. Mulheres negras, pobres, trans e periféricas são as mais atingidas, tanto pela violência psicológica, física, sexual e os feminicídios, como também pela violência institucional, uma vez que, não estão sendo oferecidas políticas públicas que garantam a elas condições de manter seu sustento e de seus familiares, nestes tempos pandêmicos. Assim, as desigualdades sociais associadas às desigualdades nas relações de gênero, historicamente marcadas pela herança cultural colonial, patriarcal e heteronormativa, indicam o agravamento das injustiças.
Molecular networking as a natural products discovery strategy
Authors: Zhang Mi , Otsuki Kouharu , Li Wei
Published: April 2023

The rapid development of bioinformatics tools has recently broken through the bottleneck in natural products research. These advances have enabled natural products researchers to rapidly separate and efficiently target and discover previously undescribed molecules. Among these advances, tandem mass spectrometry molecular networking is a promising method for rapidly de-replicating complex natural mixtures, thus leading to an accelerated revolution in the “art of natural products isolation” field. In this review we describe the current molecular networking-based metabolite analysis methods that are widely applied or implementable in natural products discovery research, metabolomics, and related fields. The main objective of this review was to summarize strategies that can be rapidly implemented as alternative de-replication approaches for efficient natural products discovery and to list examples of successful applications that combine networking with other techniques.
Mining and the Quagmire of Job Creation in Africa
Authors: Oppong Nelson
Published: April 2023

Nations across Africa have launched an array of policy initiatives that aim to position mining as an engine for job creation and inclusive development, echoing earlier post-independence programs to claim sovereignty over natural resources. The reforms include requirements for mining companies to provide local employment and development support, as well as measures to bring artisanal and small-scale mining under formal regulation. But so far, hopes for a labor-intensive mining sector have still not panned out, while automation associated with new technologies threatens jobs in the sector.
Staging the Cinematic: Puccini, Fanciulla, and Early Silent Film
Authors: Adams Christy Thomas
Published: April 2023

Giacomo Puccini’s operas have a long history of being hailed as “cinematic.” Such descriptions began to appear during his lifetime and persisted in the years following his death, and more recent scholarship has continued to echo them. Associations between Puccini and film also extend to the cinematic screen: there are numerous filmed versions and adaptations of his operas, and his music has been featured in film soundtracks since the 1930s. Nevertheless, even though Puccini’s career roughly coincided with the first three decades of film history, surprisingly little is known about his attitude toward film or how it may have influenced his oeuvre. Taking La fanciulla del West as a case study, I investigate the complex historical relationship between early cinema, Puccini, and his operas, focusing particularly on the connections between Fanciulla and three American silent film genres that were popular in the years leading up to the opera’s premiere: early or “Eastern” Westerns, chase films, and lynching or execution films. I begin by investigating the filmic world to which Puccini and his creative team were exposed, tracing the evolution of cinema to 1910. I then turn specifically to the chase scene and attempted lynching in act 3 of Fanciulla, which I analyze in relation to the aforementioned genres, as well as to Belasco’s play The Girl of the Golden West, on which the libretto is based. Finally, I offer new perspectives on what it means—and meant—to understand Puccini’s operas as cinematic. In so doing, I demonstrate that the meaning of the adjective “cinematic” is historically contingent, not determined by immutable characteristics or qualities.
YAP/BRD4‐controlled ROR1 promotes tumor‐initiating cells and hyperproliferation in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yamazaki Masaya , Hino Shinjiro , Usuki Shingo , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Oda Tatsuya , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Ito Takaaki , Yamagata Kazuya
Published: April 2023

Tumor‐initiating cells are major drivers of chemoresistance and attractive targets for cancer therapy, however, their identity in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the key molecules underlying their traits remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a cellular subpopulation with partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like signature marked by high expression of receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is the origin of heterogeneous tumor cells in PDAC. We demonstrate that ROR1 depletion suppresses tumor growth, recurrence after chemotherapy, and metastasis. Mechanistically, ROR1 induces the expression of Aurora kinase B (AURKB) by activating E2F through c‐Myc to enhance PDAC proliferation. Furthermore, epigenomic analyses reveal that ROR1 is transcriptionally dependent on YAP/BRD4 binding at the enhancer region, and targeting this pathway reduces ROR1 expression and prevents PDAC growth. Collectively, our findings reveal a critical role for ROR1high cells as tumor‐initiating cells and the functional importance of ROR1 in PDAC progression, thereby highlighting its therapeutic targetability.
The role of platelet-rich plasma in shoulder pathologies: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Rosso Claudio , Morrey Mark E , Schär Michael O , Grezda Kushtrim , _ _ , _ _ , Bouaicha Samy , Buess Eduard , Bühler Martin , Candrian Christian , Cikes Alec , Cunningham Gregory , Farron Alain , Flury Matthias , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Holzer Nicolas , Jost Bernhard , Lädermann Alexandre , Meyer Philipp , Müller Andreas Marc , Puskàs Gàbor , Riand Nicolas , Schneeberger Alberto , Simmen Beat , Schär Michael , Wieser Karl , Wirth Barbara , Zumstein Matthias
Published: April 2023

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a revolutionary treatment that harnesses the regenerative power of the body's own platelets to promote healing and tissue regeneration.

While PRP therapy has emerged as a promising option for augmenting biologic healing in the shoulder, the complexity of shoulder disorders makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of PRP across different conditions and stages of disease.

Our comprehensive review of twenty-four studies highlights the current state of PRP therapy in shoulder pathologies, revealing a wide variety of number of patients, control groups and results. Despite these challenges, the regenerative potential of PRP therapy is moderate in some conditions, with numerous studies demonstrating the positive effects.

In conclusion, the authors of this study recommend the use of PRP therapy for adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff repair of medium to large tears. However, they do not recommend the use of PRP for subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tears. It is up to the clinician's discretion to decide whether PRP therapy is appropriate for individual cases. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the inclusion of PRP therapy in treatment protocols for other shoulder disorders. Therefore, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of PRP therapy in the treatment of various shoulder conditions.
A meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes of patients with and without chronic hepatitis C undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kohn Mark D , Wolock Charles J , Poulson Isaac J , Fernando Navin D
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This investigation provides a rigorous systematic review of the postoperative outcomes of patients with and without chronic hepatitis C who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

We queried PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science and the ‘gray’ literature, including supplemental materials, conference abstracts and proceedings as well as commentary published in various peer-reviewed journals from 1992 to present to evaluate studies that compared the postoperative outcomes of patients with and without chronic hepatitis C who underwent primary THA or TKA. This investigation was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews and follows the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In our literature search, we identified 14 articles that met our inclusion criteria and were included in our fixed-effects meta-analysis. The postoperative outcomes analyzed included periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), aseptic revision, non-homebound discharge and inpatient mortality.

Results

Our statistical analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in postoperative complications of patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent primary THA or TKA including PJI (odds ratio (OR): 1.98, 95% CI: 1.86 – 2.10), aseptic revision (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.50 – 1.67), non-homebound discharge (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.28– 1.34) and inpatient mortality (OR: 9.37, 95% CI: 8.17 – 10.75).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in adverse postoperative complications in patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent primary THA or TKA compared to patients without chronic hepatitis C.
“SE HALLA ROMA ADONDE SE ESTUDIA”. VIAJES, CAMBIOS E INTERCAMBIOS ARTÍSTICOS EN LA EDAD MODERNA
Authors: Blasco Esquivias Beatriz
Published: April 2023

El empirismo de Bacon y el deseo de experimentación de Descartes fomentaron los viajes durante la Edad Moderna, bien como forma de conocimiento científico y artístico alentado por el desarrollo de instrumentos ópticos o bien como parte del proceso de aprendizaje y consolidación de los artistas. Pese a la incomodidad de los transportes, la precariedad de las redes viarias y los peligros del viaje, hombres y mujeres abandonaron con frecuencia su lugar de origen en busca de una oportunidad laboral o como consecuencia de ello, transfiriendo de un sitio a otro experiencias que enriquecían por igual a portadores y receptores. Además de algunos viajes por el conocimiento, se analiza el impacto que tuvo en la corte española la presencia de artistas extranjeros. Con los Borbones, esta afluencia se convirtió en una estrategia para anular la memoria de los Austrias y propiciar un cambio de gusto que desembocará en la Ilustración.
Time-Space Relations in the Concepts of Literary Thinking: a Review of Key Ideas
Authors: Havrylenko-Rusak Vitalia
Published: April 2023

The article deals with key approaches to the definition of the "time" and "space" concepts both in the general scientific context and in philology in particular. It determines the factors forming the time-space coordinate system of a literary work as well as the factors influencing its realization in each specific text. The article provides the analysis of the peculiarities of the chronotope in the collection of poetic works of Serhii Zhadan "Life of Mary". It is determined that the time-space relation in the poetic texts of the collection is presented as a specific paradigm "home – non-home – anti-home". The chronotope of “home” finds its interpretation through the images of lost but one’s own/native space. In turn, the chronotope of "non-home" is interpreted through the images of other people's apartments, cities, travel suitcases, while the chronotope of "anti-home" can be read through the images of death, an abandoned and dead city, a destroyed church, a grave.
Pragmatic Functions of the Stylstic Devices in the Author’s Chracteristics of the Supporting Characters in “Death of a Hero” by Richard Aldington
Authors: Kobuta Svitlana
Published: April 2023

This article deals with the role and place of stylistic devices in a work of art in the literary pragmatics context. Operating on the level "author - work - reader", literary pragmatics offers an interpretation of the text together in the light of hidden information. The paper focuses on the stylistic analysis of the author’s descriptions of the supporting characters in Richard Aldington's novel “Death of a Hero” and defining the pragmatic functions of the given stylistic devices as source of implicit information. In addition to characterizing his characters through their speech Richard Aldington makes use of direct descriptions. While stylistic figures in the dialogues help to and understand the way of thinking of characters, phonetic and graphic stylistic devices often indicate their social background or emotional state, it’s authors descriptions that make us assess the situation better, pinpointing certain personal features. The most frequently used stylistic devices in the direct descriptions are of a lexical stratum. Not only they enrich the language of a novel, but also allow the author manipulate his readers, “lead them by the hand” in the needed direction and implicitly influence their perception of the characters. It is thanks to the stylistic devices that the author implicitly manages to explain that there has always been an abyss of misunderstanding between the protagonist and his surrounding, regardless of where he was at a certain stage of life. The contrast of the use of tropes in the descriptions of the supporting characters is a tale-telling sign in itself, and that is a particularly important pragmatic function of the stylistic devices usage.
Development of organisational self-sufficiency of students in the educational milieu of a higher school of theology
Authors: Groshev Nikolay
Published: April 2023

The article raises the actual problem of the formation of the educational environment of the theological school, which goes beyond the historically established framework of the dogmatic environment and is understood as a dogmatic and creative vector of the formation of the environment, which ensures the development of personality traits of seminary students, which include organizational independence as a manifestation of their activity. The article states that this vector makes it possible to understand spiritual education as an integrated polyfunctional concept, in which quality is ensured by the synthesis of dogmatic and creative vectors of development (according to V. A. Yasvin).Materials and methods. Based on the experience of a qualitative and substantive examination of the educational environment of the Penza Orthodox Theological Seminary, the conditions and opportunities for developing the ability to self-organize, increasing independence and responsibility in the learning process in a higher theological educational organization are revealed. The features of the adaptation of students of the zero and first years of study to the dogmatic and creative educational environment are described. The results of assessing the ability to self-organization of students of theological seminary studying in the field of study 48.03.01 "Theology" (undergraduate level), obtained using the questionnaire E. Yu. Mandrikova, are presented.Results. The article presents the experience of forming the educational environment of the theological school and describes the organizational and pedagogical conditions that contribute to self-organization at the stage of professional training of theologians. The results obtained indicate that the organizational independence of students is formed with a different view of the personality, which means that it allows building other learning strategies in a reasonable combination of strict rules of the dogmatic environment and elements of the creative environment with the possibility of building an individual development trajectory.Findings. It is concluded that the educational environment of the theological school should be aimed at helping students develop a high coefficient of organizational independence in a balanced combination of dogmatic and creative educational environments.
The Break between Old and New Orders in Laclau’s Theory of Hegemony
Authors: Kim Min Seong
Published: April 2023

Drawing inspiration from Alain Badiou’s philosophical project of thinking radical change and novelty, this paper raises the question of whether Ernesto Laclau’s theory of hegemony provides an adequate conceptualization of social change. Laclau claims that the transition between old and new hegemonic formations constitutes a “radical break.” However, it shall be shown that Laclau’s claim apropos radical break is in tension with his elaboration of the conditions under which a particularity – including particular political projects or social orders – may become hegemonic. As a result, how a process of transformation is to be conceptually distinguished from a process of reproduction is left unclear within the hegemony theory.
Impact of load carriage on lumbar spine mobility among Indian workers
Authors: Thakurta Arundhati Guha , Iqbal Rauf
Published: April 2023

This study was taken up to investigate the effects of different modes of load carriage on lumbar kinematics and the risk of Low Back (LB) pain among Indian construction workers. Ten young construction workers (26.3±1.95 years) volunteered in the study. Lumbar kinematics was measured by using Industrial Lumbar Motion Monitor (iLMM). The volunteers were asked to walk for a distance of 75 meters in three different load conditions i.e. head load, hand load and shoulder load of 20% of body weight. The Lumbar kinematic parameters studied were- Average Twisting Velocity (ATV), Maximum Sagittal Flexion (MSF) and Maximum Lateral Velocity (MLV). It was observed that all the above-mentioned lumbar kinematics - ATV, MSF and MLV increased with the change of modes of load carriage. It had increased the risk of LB problem.
Effect of trifluoroethanol on antibodies binding properties
Authors:   Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Bobrovnik S. A. , Demchenko M. O. ,   Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Komisarenko S. V. ,   Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: April 2023

The studies on the influence of organic co-solvents on the structure and function of antibodies are of key interest, especially in view of antibodies broad use as recognizing elements in different analytical systems. Here we studied the effect of co-solvent 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) on the ability of anti-ovalbumin monoclonal antibodies to interact with its specific antigen. Antibody affinity to antigen and the rate constants of antibody binding to immobilized antigen were analyzed. Changes in antibody reactivity with incubation time which depended on TFE concentration and temperature were revealed. When treatment of antibodies with TFE was carried out at 0°C, we observed nonlinear, non-monotonous changes of antibody reactivity with initial fast decrease and substantial increase that may be related to the loss of antigen binding reactivity by some part of antibodies at the start but its restoration when the incubation proceeds. Keywords: 2;2;2-trifluoroethanol, antibody affinity, antigen-antibody interaction, monoclonal antibodies, ovalbumin
Resolución del caso
Authors: Re Rodrigo , Iglesias Santiago Luis , Allende Bartolomé Luis
Published: April 2023

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Dr. José Antonio Piñeiro
Authors: Fa Enrique
Published: April 2023

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Metamorphosis differences of caudiciform plants as an adaptation to arid conditions
Authors: Aviekin Y. V. , Nuzhyna N. V. , Gaidarzhy M. M.
Published: April 2023

In the course of evolution, the formation of succulent variations in the underground and surface parts of plants in different taxa could occur simultaneously under the influence of similar abiotic factors, in particular as an adaptation to arid conditions, and similar structural features even in distant families are a manifestation of convergent evolution. Along with this, the development of such adaptive structures in ontogeny can occur in different ways in different taxa. Studying the anatomical and morphological features of the vegetative organs of Fockea edulis (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) at the early stages of ontogenesis and comparing them with those of other plants will improve the understanding of the features of growth and development of caudex-like plants. The research was conducted on seedlings, juvenile and immature plants of F. edulis. When comparing the features of the development of vegetative parts of three representatives of the Apocynaceae family, we found that the strategy of succulent traits development in F. edulis at the organ level is characterized by the active development of the hypocotyl already at the seedling stage, similar to Adenium obesum, and the subsequent formation of an expanded basal part of the stem due to the combined cortex-pith thickening and radish-like root due to the growth of xylem parenchyma. However, Petopentia natalensis is characterized by a mesophytic seedling. It was established that secondary thickening in the basal part of the stem occurs in two individual ways: in Adenium obesum, the cambium generates solid rings of phloem and parenchymatized xylem; in P. natalensis and F. edulis, the bundle type of conducting elements is preserved. The thickening of the tap root in F. edulis is similar to that in A. obesum.