bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Prostate Cancer Epidemiology Across Disease States in the VA
Authors: Stock Shannon R. , Burns Michael T. , Waller Justin , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Parrish Joshua A. , Ghate Sameer , Kim Jeri , Shui Irene M. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Prostate cancer (PC) care has evolved rapidly as a result of changes in prostate-specific antigen testing, novel imaging, and newer treatments. The impact of these changes on PC epidemiology and racial disparities across disease states remains underexplored.

Objective

To characterize racial and ethnic differences in the epidemiology of PC states, including nonmetastatic hormone-sensitive PC (nmHSPC), metastatic HSPC (mHSPC), nonmetastatic castration-resistant PC (nmCRPC), and metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of male US veterans aged 40 years and older with known race and ethnicity and no non-PC malignant neoplasm before study entry receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration. The study period was from 2012 to 2020, with follow-up through 2021. To identify active users, data capture included visits 18 months before and after the study period. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023.

Exposure

Self-identified race and ethnicity, classified as Black, White, or Hispanic.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were annual age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) and point prevalence for PC states by race and ethnicity. Trends were evaluated using joinpoint regression. Time to disease progression or death was estimated using nonparametric cumulative incidence. Competing risk models adjusted for age assessed the association of race and ethnicity on disease progression.

Results

The study included 6 539 001 veterans (median [IQR] age, 65 [56-74] years), of whom 476 227 had PC (median [IQR] age, 69 [63-75] years). IRs varied by time frame and disease state. Across all states and years, the relative risk among Black vs White patients ranged from 2.09 (95% CI, 2.01-2.18; P < .001) for nmHSPC in 2012 to 4.12 (95% CI, 3.39-5.02; P < .001) for nmCRPC in 2017. In nmHSPC, hazard ratios for progression to mHSPC and nmCRPC were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.33-1.40) and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.51-1.70), respectively, for Black patients and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.31-1.45) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40-1.72), respectively, for Hispanic patients vs White patients. In contrast, in mCRPC, the hazard ratio for death was lower for Black (0.84; 95% CI, 0.81-0.88) and Hispanic (0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.83) patients compared with White patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of veterans found that Black patients had more than 2-fold higher incidence of all disease states vs White patients. Progression risk was higher for Black and Hispanic patients in early-stage disease, but lower in later disease stages. Despite equal access, Black patients disproportionately experience PC, although progression risks relative to White patients differed according to disease state.
Gut microbiota diversity is prognostic and associated with benefit from chemo‐immunotherapy in metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Ullern Andreas , Holm Kristian , Røssevold Andreas Hagen , Andresen Nikolai Kragøe , Bang Corinna , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Naume Bjørn , Hov Johannes R. , Kyte Jon Amund
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota influences multiple aspects of human health and disease. Several studies have indicated an association between the gut microbiota and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in various cancers, but there is scarce data from breast cancer. The randomized ALICE trial demonstrated improved progression‐free survival (PFS) from adding the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor atezolizumab (atezo) to immunomodulating chemotherapy (chemo) in metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC), even for PD‐L1negative disease. Herein, we investigated the microbiota composition and dynamics in the ALICE patients and their association with clinical outcome, by analyzing fecal samples collected at baseline and after 8 weeks. We applied 16S (V3‐V4) rRNA sequencing to characterize the diversity and taxonomic composition. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used for time‐to‐event analyses. We found that high alpha diversity by Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) at baseline was associated with prolonged PFS in the total study population and in the atezo‐chemo arm, but not in the placebo‐chemo arm. Moreover, Faith's PD appeared to be predictive of benefit from atezolizumab. Patients with high Faith's PD exhibited a PFS hazard ratio of 0.34 (P = 0.018) in favor of the atezo‐chemo arm, compared to 0.83 (P = 0.62) in the low Faith's PD group. Faith's PD was significantly reduced during treatment. At baseline, Bifidobacterium was significantly overrepresented in patients without clinical benefit in the atezo‐chemo arm, but not in the placebo‐chemo arm. These findings suggest that alpha diversity by Faith's PD should be further investigated as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with mTNBC receiving chemo‐immunotherapy.
SAMHSA: Substance use by teens across sexual identities
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

A new report from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has found that LGB+ youth are more likely than straight youth to have major depression and serious thoughts of suicide. But patterns of substance use by sexual identity were nuanced.
Constructing Dual Schottky Junctions for High‐Performance Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Liu Zeping , Wang Pengyu , Guo Zhikun , Lu Xingyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries provide new solutions for achieving environmentally friendly and safe energy storage devices. Unfortunately, the further application is hampered by the growth of zinc dendrites caused by uneven zinc deposition, hydrogen evolution and other side interfacial reactions at the zinc anode. Herein, a multifunctional Bi‐Bi2O3 hybrid artificial interface layer is constructed on the surface of the zinc anode using an in situ conversion reaction. Among them, the Bi‐Bi2O3 Schottky structure not only significantly accelerates the migration of Zn2+ through its built‐in electric field, but also effectively improves the hydrogen evolution barrier (ΔGH*), thereby suppressing side reactions. Moreover, the Schottky contact formed between the interface layer and the metal zinc interface also regulates the electronic distribution state on the zinc surface and optimizes the deposition process of Zn2+, ensuring a more uniform and orderly zinc deposition process. Based on the synergistic effect of dual Schottky junctions, symmetric batteries achieve stable cycling for 2000 h under the conditions of 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2. The full cell assembled with α‐MnO2 as the cathode maintains capacity of 112.7 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 84%.
2D MOF‐Based Filtration‐Sensing Strategy for Trace Gas Sensing Under Intense F‐Gas Interference at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Yi , Luo Yan , Yan Yongxu , Zhuo Ran , Wang Dibo , Tang Ju , Yuan Hongye , Zhang Xiaoxing , Xiao Song
Published: November 2024

The detection of trace impurity gases in fluorinated gas (F‐gas) that are widely used in the industry offers a significant avenue for equipment status monitoring and mitigating unnecessary emissions. However, the formidable electron affinity (EA) and adsorption propensity of F‐gas molecules render the identification of trace impurities within a high‐concentration F‐gas atmosphere exceptionally challenging. Herein, the filtration‐sensing strategy is proposed to realize highly sensitive and selective Room Temperature (RT) sensing of trace gases in the F‐gas environment. Through the innovative construction of a bilayer structure, comprising Co3(HITP)2 as the overlayer and SnO2 nanofibers (NFs) as the sensing layer, remarkably sensitive detection of trace impurity gases under intense F‐gas interference conditions is achieved. The efficacy of the Co3(HITP)2 overlayer is further corroborated through the incorporation of Pd‐SnO2 and MoS2‐SnO2 sensors, concurrently facilitating targeted quantitative identification within a complex gas mixture environment. The underlying sensing mechanism is predominantly attributed to interatomic adsorption interactions and the modulation of gas diffusion by microporous structures. This work provides pioneering insights into trace impurity detection within high‐concentration F‐gas atmosphere while presenting a potentially viable solution for the operational maintenance of F‐gas‐based industrial equipment (F‐equipment) in industrial applications.
Shrinkable Hydrogels through Host–Guest Interactions: A Robust Approach to Obtain Tubular Cell‐Laden Scaffolds with Small Diameters
Authors: Iudin Dmitrii , van Steenbergen Mies J. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , van Ravensteijn Bas G. P. , Vermonden Tina
Published: November 2024

The availability of realistic in vitro models is crucial for tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening assays. However, reproducing the complex shapes and intricate structures of naturally occurring tissues or organs in the presence of functional cells remains a challenge. For example, it is still not trivial to obtain cell‐laden tubular structures on a micrometer scale present in the nephrons of the human kidney. Here, a unique hydrogel‐based shrinking approach making use of host–guest interactions to decrease the diameters of the preformed hydrogel tubules seeded with cells is proposed as a tool to overcome the abovementioned challenge. The hydrogels are composed of covalently crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated dextran modified with either cyclodextrin or adamantane groups that can form dynamic bonds. The hydrogels are initially formed in the presence of small‐molecule competitors that block any interpolymer host–guest interactions, and the shrinking process is triggered by the release of these competitor molecules. The high shrinking efficiency with a shrinking factor up to eight times in volume and robust cytocompatibility make the host‐guest‐based shrinking approach an appealing tool to obtain hydrogel tubular in vitro models with the desired dimensions on demand.
Ultra‐High Radial Elastic Aerogel Fibers for Thermal Insulation Textile
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Liu Lipeng , Dong Wenlian , Tao Junhui , Fu Rui , Liu Yinghui , Yang Xin , Yu Hanqing , Sai Huazheng
Published: November 2024

When nanoporous aerogels with excellent thermal insulation performance are processed into 1D fibers, they have great potential for application in the field of personal thermal management. However, coping with the impact of external forces, especially radial extrusion, and maintaining the macro morphology and microstructure of aerogels during use are remaining issues. To address these challenges, this study proposes a method that uses ultrafine and ultra‐highly entangled bacterial cellulose nanofibers as the basis to achieve high radial elasticity by forming an isomorphic coating of rigid silica on the soft gel skeleton of aerogel fibers. The obtained aerogel fibers can achieve an elastic recovery of 88% over 50 compression cycles under 90% strain, and they can be knotted, woven into textiles, and are washable. This strategy improves the radial compression resistance of aerogel fibers, providing rich possibilities for the development of aerogel fibers with excellent mechanical properties.
Enhanced Hemodynamics of Anisometric TPMS Topology Reduce Blood Clotting in 3D Printed Blood Contactors
Authors: Hirschwald Lukas T. , Hagemann Franziska , Biermann Maik , Hanßen Paul , Hoffmann Patrick , Höhs Tim , Neuhaus Florian , Tillmann Maerthe Theresa , Peric Petar , Wattenberg Maximilian , Stille Maik , Fechter Tamara , Theißen Alexander , Winnersbach Patrick , Barbian Kai P. , Jansen Sebastian V. , Steinseifer Ulrich , Wiegmann Bettina , Rossaint Rolf , Wessling Matthias , Bleilevens Christian , Linkhorst John
Published: November 2024

Artificial organs, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, dialyzers, and hemoadsorber cartridges, face persistent challenges related to the flow distribution within the cartridge. This uneven flow distribution leads to clot formation and inefficient mass transfer over the device's functional surface. In this work, a comprehensive methodology is presented for precisely integrating triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) into module housings and question whether the internal surface topology determining the flow distribution affects blood coagulation. Three module types are compared with different internal topologies: tubular, isometric, and anisometric TPMS. First, this study includes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the internal hemodynamics, validated through experimental residence time distributions (RTD). Blood tests using human whole blood and subsequent visualization of blood clots by computed tomography, allow the quantification of structure‐induced blood clotting. The results indicate that TPMS topologies, particularly anisometric ones, serve as effective flow distributors and significantly reduce and delay blood clotting compared to conventional tubular geometries. For these novel TPMS modules, the inner surfaces can be activated chemically or functionalized to function as a selective adsorption site or biocatalytic surface or made of a permeable material to facilitate mass transfer.
Yarning for a purpose: Listening to how First Nations People define safety and wellbeing
Authors: Cantley Luke , Wendt Sarah
Published: November 2024

Defining safety and wellbeing measurements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people can be difficult due to its subjectivity. This article discusses findings from yarning circles held with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples discussing these very definitions. It is argued through the findings; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge must be incorporated when defining safety and wellbeing measures such as connection to culture, family and housing.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the quality of frozen cooked noodles
Authors: Ping Yali , Zhang Lanxi , Li Hua , Chen Zhenzhen , Wang Qingyuan , Fang Xiaoxue
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

The growing consumer demand for natural, healthy, and convenient food options has led to the rising popularity of frozen cooked noodles (FCN). Tea polyphenols (TPs), known for their diverse biological activities, are increasingly being utilized as a natural food additive in research and development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of TPs on the thermal and pasting properties of wheat flour as well as their influence on the quality of FCN.

Findings

The results from differential scanning calorimeter and RVA analyses showed that TPs did not significantly affect the thermal and pasting properties of wheat flour. However, the addition of low‐dose TPs (<1.5%) improved the quality of FCN during storage. Texture and tensile analyses demonstrated an enhancement in hardness, chewiness, resistance, and an increase in resistant starch content in the noodles. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance findings revealed an increase in the proportion of strongly bound water, accompanied by a decrease in free water content. Scanning electron microscopy observations illustrated a well‐developed gluten network structure. In contrast, the incorporation of 1.5% TPs adversely affected the quality of FCN.

Conclusions

The appropriate integration of TPs plays a significant role in alleviating the quality degradation of FCN during storage.

Significance and Novelty

This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of polyphenol‐enriched flour products and functional foods.
Exploring counselor experiences of training in the PR6 resilience model
Authors: Miller Raissa , Dickinson Rebecca , Beeson Eric T.
Published: November 2024

Resilience‐related knowledge and skills are part of all counselors‐in‐training foundational curriculum. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore nine novice counselors’ perceived training experiences in the Predictive 6 Factor (PR6) model of resilience. We identified the following group experiential themes: value of the neuroscience information and PR6 model, counselors’ personal resonance and buy‐in, and considerations for practice. We also identified nine subthemes representing more nuanced elements of the larger themes.
Organic cation‐supported layered vanadate cathode for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Changding , Li Yingfang , Zhang Sida , Sang Tian‐Yi , Lei Yu , Liu Ruiqi , Wan Fu , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Weigen , Zheng Yujie , Sun Shuhui
Published: November 2024

Layered vanadates are ideal energy storage materials due to their multielectron redox reactions and excellent cation storage capacity. However, their practical application still faces challenges, such as slow reaction kinetics and poor structural stability. In this study, we synthesized [Me2NH2]V3O7 (MNVO), a layered vanadate with expended layer spacing and enhanced pH resistance, using a one‐step simple hydrothermal gram‐scale method. Experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed supportive ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the thin‐layered [Me2NH2]+ cation and [V3O7]− anion layers, clarifying the energy storage mechanism of the H+/Zn2+ co‐insertion. The synergistic effect of these bonds and oxygen vacancies increased the electronic conductivity and significantly reduced the diffusion energy barrier of the insertion ions, thereby improving the rate capability of the material. In an acidic electrolyte, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries employing MNVO as the cathode exhibited a high specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. The prepared electrodes exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 237 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and maintained a capacity retention of 83.5% after 10,000 cycles. This work introduces a novel approach for advancing layered cathodes, paving the way for their practical application in energy storage devices.
Densely populated single‐atom catalysts for boosting hydrogen generation from formic acid
Authors: Zhao Xiaogeng , Wang Junmin , Zhang Dongnuan , Hao Yunhui , Zhang Xingmian , Feng Junna , Su Hong , Feng Cheng , Wang Chun
Published: November 2024

The single‐atom M‐N‐C (M typically being Co or Fe) is a prominent material with exceptional reactivity in areas of catalysis for sustainable energy. However, the formation of metal nanoparticles in M‐N‐C materials is coupled with high‐temperature calcination conditions, limiting the density of M‐Nx active sites and thus restricting the catalytic performance of such catalysts. Herein, we describe an effective decoupling strategy to construct high‐density M‐Nx active sites by generating polyfurfuryl alcohol in the MOF precursor, effectively preventing the formation of metal nanoparticles even with up to 6.377% cobalt loading. This catalyst showed a high H2 production rate of 778 mL gcat−1 h−1 when used in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid. In addition to the high density of the active site, a curved carbon surface in the structure is also thought to be the reason for the high performance of the catalyst.
High‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Additive of Fire‐Extinguishing Microcapsules
Authors: Gui Jiuqing , Huang Ziqi , Lu Jiacong , Wang Linlin , Cao Qiaoying , Hu Hang , Zheng Mingtao , Leng Kunyi , Liang Yeru
Published: November 2024

Lithium metal battery (LMB) is regarded as one of the most promising high‐energy energy storage systems. However, the high reactivity of lithium metal and the formation of lithium dendrites during battery operation have caused safety concerns. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of fire‐extinguishing microcapsules to enhance LMB safety. The encapsulation strategy addressed perfluoro(2‐methyl‐3‐pentanone)'s volatility and storage challenges, yielding microcapsules with stable and uniform size distributions. The rapid release and effective fire‐extinguishing performance of the microcapsules upon exposure to high temperatures has been demonstrated. Integration of these microcapsules into LMBs showed no significant impact on electrochemical performance, maintaining high lithium‐ion conductivity, and stable cycling capacity. Notably, practical safety tests on pouch cells indicated that the presence of microcapsules effectively prevented ignition and improved thermal stability under mechanical damage and flame intrusion, underscoring their potential for significantly improved battery safety. These findings provide a robust strategy for mitigating fire hazards of high‐energy‐density battery systems without compromising their electrochemical performances.
Lowering the standard: Are colleges too quick to provide extended testing time?
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: November 2024

A recent opinion column (https://bit.ly/3CkXz7a) in The Chronicle of Higher Education argued that schools too readily assign extended testing time as a disability accommodation, often in the absence of documentation of any impairment, based only on self‐reports of exam difficulty. The article contains some potentially uncomfortable truths that have been with us since the adoption of the AHEAD guidance.
Report finds students with disabilities lack access to college prep courses
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2024

A new report (https://bit.ly/4epIrCC) by the Center for Learner Equity sheds light on the experiences of high school students with disabilities in both traditional public schools and public charter schools, raising important questions about equity and access. The CLE notes that for the last few decades, the goals of the U.S. education system have focused on preparing students for postsecondary opportunities and building “college and career‐ready skills.” It suggests that this focus is reflected in the Individuals with Disabilities Act, which states the “purpose of education is both to meet students’ unique needs and ‘prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.’”
Virtual reality testing of emergency scenarios could improve student reactions in the future
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence is infiltrating every sector of college life, from admissions papers to research on how virtual reality simulations can improve campus safety. Emergency Management Science and Technology has published a paper entitled “Experimental Research on College Students’ Emergency Ability and Its Influencing Factors in Virtual Emergency Situations” that examines how AI technology, such as virtual reality simulations, can improve understanding of students’ ability to respond to emergency situations.
Medical Leave
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Comprehensive laboratory study on smoke gases during the thermal oxidative decomposition of forest and vegetation fuels
Authors: Piechnik Kira , Heydick Lukas , Hofmann Anja , Klippel Andrea
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the composition of smoke gases in forest and vegetation samples to draw conclusions about the actual smoke gas composition during wildfires. The focus is particularly on regions with extensive pine forests, like in Eastern Germany. The relevance of smoke gases is well illustrated by the example of wildfires in Québec, influencing air quality in New York, in 2023. By employing a modified DIN tube furnace, a bench‐scale test set‐up, the research emphasizes the examination of smoke composition from tree species and ground cover, prioritizing gases while disregarding particles. Key smoke gases are identified as CO, CO2, SO2, HCN, C3H4O (acrolein) and CH2O (formaldehyde) and their concentrations are compared with Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) limits. Acknowledging the limitations of AEGL usage and the problem with direct quantitative comparison of toxicant concentrations (cf. ISO 29903‐1:2020), the study highlights variations in smoke composition across different samples. The results of the studies reveal a significant disparity in CO concentration between dry and fresh pine needles. Frequently, the AEGLs of key gases are exceeded significantly. The elemental analysis of the barks indicates distinct differences in composition, reflecting in the concentrations of smoke gases. The ratio of 1 mole of substance turnover to the identified key components will be used to determine input parameters for the subsequent numerical simulation.
Unraveling the Amino Acid Synthesis in Maturity Sesame Seeds Based on the Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome
Authors: Zhang Yinping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiangyu , Yang Nan , Zhou Duoqi , Thakur Kiran , Wang Qiang , Cespedes‐Acuña Carlos L. , Zhang Haiyang , Miao Hongmei , Wei Zhaojun
Published: November 2024

Sesame plays a vital role in food industry due to its high oil yield, antioxidant potential, and substantial protein content. Notably, there are significant differences in amino acid composition in sesame seeds at various developmental stages. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanism underlying amino acid production largely remain unexplored. To unravel these mechanisms, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of a sesame variety across four distinct growth stages (S1–S4). Our analysis identified a total of 17 amino acids, with glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), proline (Pro), and tyrosine (Tyr) exhibiting significantly higher abundances in mature stages. This increased abundance correlated with the elevated expression of genes involved in amino acid synthesis and regulatory genes. Using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, we discovered modules associated with glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, proline, and tyrosine synthesis, along with candidate genes that regulate amino acid production and metabolism. Notably, the differential expression of genes within the amino acid pathways resulted in significant variations in the contents of Glu, Arg, Pro, and Tyr at the mature stage (28 days after flowering, S4) compared to other growth stages. Correlation analysis revealed strong association among the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate/aspartate–prephenate aminotransferase (PAT), and polyamine oxidase (PAO) with the 17 amino acids, suggesting their potential role in the amino acid synthesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the synthesis and accumulation of amino acids during the growth stages of sesame seeds, highlighting key regulatory genes and metabolic pathways involved in this process. Our study lays the groundwork for future studies aiming to enhance the nutritional quality and yield of sesame varieties.
Beacons not burdens: Business groups and corporate social performance around the world
Authors: Krammer Sorin M. S. , Porumb Vlad‐Andrei , Zengin‐Karaibrahimoglu Yasemin , Bothello Joel
Published: November 2024

Research Summary

Prior studies on business groups (BGs) have predominantly focused on the impact of group affiliation on financial performance. In contrast, we argue that BG affiliates will outperform standalone firms in terms of corporate social performance (CSP) and that this effect will be positively moderated by the strength of formal and informal institutions. Moreover, we examine also differences among BGs and hypothesize that diversification and hierarchy of the group will negatively affect the CSP of affiliates. Employing a panel of 4368 firms from 43 countries between 2003 and 2016 and a propensity score matching approach in our regressions, we find robust support for these predictions. Our findings advance two distinct strands of literature on BGs and, respectively, corporate social responsibility.

Managerial Summary

BG are a common organizational structure in many countries. Despite this, we still do not know much about them beyond their financial performance. In this study, we focus on examining the impact of BG affiliation on non‐financial performance (i.e., CSP) in the light of growing societal grand challenges. Using an international dataset of several thousands of firms, we find out that BG affiliates exhibit superior CSP results compared to non‐affiliated firms. These positive effects of affiliation are increased in environments with strong formal and informal institutions but reduced within groups that are more diversified and hierarchical. Our findings showcase the importance of BGs in tackling some of today's grand challenges and provide support for more nuanced approaches to study BGs across countries.
Does Climate Finance Really Affect Ecological Quality in Developing Countries? Fresh Evidence From the Method of Moments Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Miao Miao , Borojo Dinkneh Gebre , Yushi Jiang
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the impact of climate finance on the ecological footprint (EF) of 111 developing countries from 2002 to 2018 to determine its real effects on ecological quality. The study applied the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) to address nonnormality, individual heterogeneity of the EF and outliers. Additionally, the connection between climate finance and the EF is revisited, considering recipient countries' income diversity and the nature of climate finance. In addition, the analysis is repeated by splitting the sample periods into 2002–2009 and 2010–2018, subject to COP15. The results indicate that climate finance has negative and significant impacts on EFs across all quantiles (Q0.25, Q0.5, Q0.75 and Q0.9), inferring that climate finance robustly improves the ecological quality of developing countries. These findings further imply that mitigation finance has a robust effect on improving ecological quality across all distributions. In addition, adaptation finance has heterogeneous effects on EFs, positively impacting ecological quality at higher quantiles. Moreover, the effects of climate finance on ecological quality depend on income heterogeneity, having a negative effect on the EF of middle‐income countries and an insignificant effect on low‐income countries. The results further showed that the positive effects of climate finance on ecological quality became stronger after COP15. The findings are robust to alternative methods. Policy implications are suggested based on the findings.
Preoperative tibiofemoral contact point on standing lateral radiograph predicts anteroposterior knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tominaga Yusuke , Kinoshita Tomofumi , Hino Kazunori , Kutsuna Tatsuhiko , Watamori Kunihiko , Tsuda Takashi , Horita Yusuke , Takao Masaki
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the tibiofemoral contact point (CP) on standing lateral radiographs in knee osteoarthritis and assessed the relationship between CP and pre‐ and postoperative knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

The intraoperative knee status of 46 knees with varus deformity that underwent bicruciate stabilized TKA using a navigation system was investigated. The intraoperative anteroposterior (AP) position of the femur relative to the tibia at maximum extension, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° was evaluated by the navigation system before and after TKA. The CP, defined as the CP between the femur and tibia, was assessed on standing lateral radiographs at the maximum extension of the knee before and 1 year after TKA. CP was expressed as the ratio of tibial plateau distance on a scale of 0–1, with 0 indicating the most anterior position of the femur relative to the tibia.

Results

The mean CP on standing lateral radiographs was 0.54 ± 0.12 and 0.46 ± 0.08 before and after TKA, respectively. The postoperative CP was significantly more anterior than the preoperative CP (p = 0.0002). The mean AP position of the femur relative to the tibia moved anteriorly during early knee flexion both before and after TKA, representing nonanatomical AP movement. The preoperative posterior CP group (CP > 0.54) showed more nonanatomical AP movement from 15° to 60° before and after TKA compared with the preoperative anterior CP group (CP < 0.54).

Conclusion

Preoperative posterior deviation of the femur relative to the tibia in the standing position was a predictive factor for nonanatomical AP knee kinematics. Biomechanical analysis of postoperative knees will be necessary; however, surgeons should focus on preoperative tibiofemoral CP on standing lateral radiographs to predict knee kinematics.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ.
A novel algorithm for generating random fiber distributions for fiber reinforced composites based on lattice partition
Authors: Yan Aodi , Deng Ben , Yi Jiale , Li Zhijie , Shen Jinguo , Yan Rong , Peng Fangyu
Published: November 2024

This paper propose a random fiber distribution generation algorithm based on lattice partition, which addresses the issue of limited increase in fiber volume fraction caused by the random movement of fibers in previous methods. By partitioning the representative volume element (RVE) window into lattices and moving fibers directionally, the proposed algorithm significantly increases the number of fibers within the RVE window. The generated fiber distribution achieves a fiber volume fraction of up to 80%, with an average execution time of 243.4 s. The influence of algorithm parameters on the randomness of fiber distribution is examined through statistical analysis of the generated distributions. Finite element models with various parameters are established to predict the elastic properties of the composites. The average relative error between the predicted values and the experimental results is 8.6%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This algorithm offers a simple and effective approach for generating fiber distributions in the numerical study of the micromechanics of composites.

Highlights

A new lattice‐partition method is proposed to generate fiber distributions.

The fiber volume fraction of generated fiber distribution is up to 80%.

The randomness of fiber distribution is analyzed through statistical analysis.

The algorithm predicts elastic properties with an average relative error of 8.6%.
Preparation and Characterization of Low‐Voltage Responsive Nanocomposite Shape‐Changing Hydrogels/Carbon Nanofibers With Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Li Jiale , Ma Qiang , Xu Guohe , Jiang Chunqiang , Wang Mengru
Published: November 2024

High‐voltage responsiveness and poor mechanical properties hindered the practical applications of electro‐induced shape‐changing hydrogels (EISCHs). In previous work, mechanical properties were improved simply by increasing the degree of crosslinking, which resulted in reduced deformation capacity. Therefore, the nanocomposite technique of reinforcing nondeformable hydrogels' mechanical properties was introduced into EISCHs, resulting in the successful synthesis of Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐5‐acrylamido‐1,10‐phenanthroline bis (1,10‐phenanthroline) iron (II))/hydrophilic‐treated hydroxylated carbon nanofibers (P(NIPAM‐Fe(phen)3)/HMWCNFs) nanocomposite shape‐changing hydrogel that exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, doesn't have its deformation ability weakened and possesses low‐voltage responsiveness in this work. The impact of various hydrophilic‐treated hydroxylated carbon nanofibers (HMWCNFs) content on hydrogels' structure, swelling, crosslinking, mechanics and electro‐induced shape‐changing properties was investigated. As the HMWCNFs content increased (0.2%–1.0%), the tensile and compressive strengths increased, marking 6.67 times and 2.91 times rise over hydrogel without HMWCNFs. The deformation ability of P(NIPAM‐Fe(phen)3/HMWCNFs) hydrogel was higher than without HMWCNFs at minimum response voltage 10 V. The physical entanglements and hydrogen bonding between HMWCNFs and polymer chains reduced adhesion energy and provided energy dissipation. HMWCNFs, as a conductive filler, facilitated electron transfer. The hydrogel swelled and shrank due to the transition between 5‐acrylamido‐1,10‐phenanthroline bis (1,10‐phenanthroline) iron (II) (Fe(phen)3) network iron (II) and iron (III) states under low‐voltage stimulation.
Photosensitized 1,2‐Sulfonylamination of Alkenes With Sulfonylamide
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Jun , Huang Cong , Xie Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Zheng Yu , Xiang Hao‐Yue , Chen Kai , Yang Hua
Published: November 2024

Herein, we developed a metal‐free, photosensitized strategy for difunctionalization of olefin feedstocks to access β‐amino sulphone architectures, enabled by a tailor‐made, readily accessible sulfonylamide bifunctional reagent. This protocol could accommodate a wide range of alkenes and a variety of sulfonylamides, with high yields and excellent regioselectivity. Given remarkably mild reaction conditions, readily accessible starting materials, excellent functional group tolerance, and well‐defined regioselectivity, this approach would enable an efficient platform for the assembly of densely functionalized molecular scaffolds.
High‐Valence Co Stabilized by In‐Situ Growth of ZIF‐67 on NiCo‐LDH for Enhanced Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Yan‐Kai , Li Tong , Feng Han , Lv Luo‐Tian , Tang Tong‐Xin , Lin Zhan , Ye Kai‐Hang , Wang Yong‐Qing
Published: November 2024

The application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the electro‐catalysis of heterogeneous structures is limited by the problems of low electrical conductivity and poor mechanical strength due to the complex synthesis process, although their high specific surface area and controllable structure. In this study, a method involving metal precipitation and ligand reaction is used during the electrochemical corrosion of hydroxides/oxy‐hydroxides to obtain ZIF‐67 in situ. The in situ growth technology not only effectively addresses the bonding strength and material conductivity challenges in the heterostructure between MOFs and the substrate but also enhances the catalyst's surface area and activity. Additionally, the exposure and protection of Co4+ by ZIF‐67 contribute to the electrocatalyst's performance, demonstrating a low overpotential (η100) of 293 mV, a Tafel slope of 25.8 mV dec−1, and a charge transfer resistance of 3.9 Ω, with long‐term robustness proven in continuous stability test exceeding 75 000 s under the superhigh current density of 500 mA cm−2. This work on binder‐free in situ growth of MOFs not only provides relevant theoretical insights and experimental experience for cost‐effective and controllable production of MOF‐based catalysts but also offers ideas for the development of future electrocatalysts by exploring the exposure and protection of active site using MOFs materials.
Minimizing Voltage Deficit in Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics by Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Wen Tianyu , Wu Yue , Sun Jinglin , Zhou Jie , Tian Qiushi , Shi Yiheng , Chen Mengjiong , Yu Chao , Wang Yanbo , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu , Yang Zhibin , Peng Huisheng
Published: November 2024

Metal halide perovskites with bandgap of ≈1.8 eV are competitive candidates for indoor photovoltaic (IPV) devices, owing to their superior photovoltaic properties and ideal absorption spectra matched to most indoor light sources. However, these perovskite IPVs suffer from severe trap induced non‐radiative recombination, resulting in large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses, particularly under low light intensity. Herein, an effective approach is developed to minimizing trap density by modifying the buried interface of perovskite layer with bifunctional molecular 2‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)ethylamine Hydrobromide (F‐PEABr). The benzene ring of F‐PEABr molecules can firmly anchor at the hole transporting layer by π–π stacking interaction, and the other ends can passivate the defects on the buried interface of perovskite layer. Based on that, the F‐PEABr modified perovskite IPVs achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 42.3% with a remarkable VOC of 1.13 V under 1000 lux illumination from a 4000 K LED lamp. Finally, perovskite IPV mini‐modules with area of 10.40 cm2 are demonstrated with a PCE of 35.2%. This interface modification strategy paves the way for crafting high‐performance perovskite IPVs, holding great potential for self‐powered internet of things applications.
Advancement in Laser‐Based Directed Energy Deposition of Stainless Steel on Microstructural Changes in Mechanical and Wear Properties
Authors: Das Tishta , Roy Himadri , Lohar Aditya K. , Samanta Sudip K.
Published: November 2024

Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has witnessed significant growth in recent years, particularly in the processing of stainless steel due to its corrosion resistance and favorable mechanical properties. In LAM, laser‐directed energy deposition (L‐DED) process offers unique advantages, allowing for the production of large and intricate components with high material utilization and reduced material wastage. Despite its numerous advantages, challenges such as controlling heat input, achieving precise layering, and minimizing residual stresses need to be addressed. The importance of understanding these challenges and mitigation of it, is one of major concern of L‐DED‐processed stainless steel parts. Existing review on metal additive manufacturing has primarily focused on tool steel and stainless steels (austenitic) with an emphasis on process parameter optimization and their effects on deposited part. However, there is a critical gap in understanding how the process parameters impact the evolution of microstructure during deposition, subsequently influencing mechanical and wear properties. Therefore, this review aims to fill that gap by conducting a comprehensive study on L‐DED processed especially 15‐5 precipitation‐hardened and stainless steel (SS) 316L, focusing on microstructural characteristics, texture evolution, microhardness variation, and their influence on mechanical properties and wear resistance. The significance of this review lies in providing valuable insights into the process structure–property relationships of L‐DED processed stainless steel especially in precipitation‐hardened and austenitic grade steel.
An Excursus to East Asia: Prehistoric Wetland Settlements of Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Wo Haowei , Sun Guoping
Published: November 2024

According to the archaeological discoveries, Zhejiang Province yields the most typical and well-preserved prehistoric wetland settlements in China. In this region, the development of prehistoric cultures is closely related to the natural environment and climate changes. The earliest settlements of the Shangshanculture appeared at about 10,000–8500 BP, probably accompanied by rice cultivation. Whereas rice cultivation was subsequently established, the followingKuahuqiao and Hemuducultures show strong maritime characteristics. In the Liangzhu period, the huge Liangzhu City and the peripheral water management system were built, which must be understood as symbols of complex society and early state. At the end of the Liangzhuculture, floodssubmerged most of the land, leaving behind thick sediment deposits. Only after 2000 years, in the Warring States Period (475–221 BC), this land became habitable again. With the establishment of a prehistoric chronology in Zhejiang province, a lot of multidisciplinary research has been carried out, and natural science and advanced technologies are increasingly applied. The current archaeological research in Zhejiang Province includes the origins of rice cultivation and the emergence of civilisation, geological formation processes and climate change, the spread of maritime cultures and further topics.
Dendrochronology of Italian Pile-Dwellings: The Challenge of Filling the Gaps Between 5000 and 1000 BC
Authors: Martinelli Nicoletta
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with dendrochronological analysis on pile-dwelling sites in northern Italy. After a brief history of research and a general overview of the chronological framework, the author describes the elaboration of the main regional chronologies based on cross-dated tree-ring series from wood samples obtained from pile-dwellingsettlements. The site series have been dendrochronologically cross-dated and the chronologies dated by radiocarbonwiggle-matching. They belong to the Bronze Age: the timespan of GARDA 1 is 2204–1829 ± 10 cal BC and the timespan of GARDA 3 is 1897–1678 ± 14 cal BC. They allow high-precision dating of building activities in the Bronze Age pile-dwelling villages in the Lake Garda region during a period from the 21st to 17th centuries BC, from the 1st phase of the Early Bronze Age (EBA1) until the transition between the last phase of the Early Bronze Age (EBA2) and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. Later dendrochronological single-site sequences span from the 16th century until the end of the 14th century BC and highlight asynchronous trends in settling in wetland environments on both sides of the Alps.
From Lagoon to River: Bank Management at the Submerged Late Bronze Age Settlement of La Motte (Agde, France)
Authors: Lachenal Thibault
Published: November 2024

The La Motte 1 site (Agde), submerged in the bed of the Hérault River, corresponds to a settlement from the end of the Bronze Age initially established on the edge of a lagoon that is now clogged. The site is characterised by more than 500 wooden piles divided into two main groups located on shoals. The use of varied species attests to the exploitation of distinct environments such as Mediterranean mixed oak forestsandriparian forests. Moreover, the spatial analysis illustrates the presence of several coherent alignments that use a specific species. The excavation trenches dug support the interpretation thereof as systems for bank maintenance and protection via different techniques: wattle made from the strawberry treeon oak piles, and possible live stakes made of willow. The study of the goods and radiocarbon dating show the successive installation of these systems between the 10th and the beginning of the 8th centuries BC. The goal of the various technical solutions was to protect the areas around the settlementfrom erosion. Their use must therefore be examined in the light of the changes in their immediate surroundings, which saw a rise in the sea level coupled with a progressive filling of the delta of the Hérault. This case study thus illustrates the capacity to adapt and the vulnerability of the populations of the Bronze Age in the face of changes in a particularly sensitive environment.
Interculturality in the Classroom: Accompanying Students from Minority Cultures in Pastaza
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valerio Rosaura , Leiva-Olivencia Juan , Andy Itaya
Published: November 2024

The chapter recounts experiences from the classroom, within the university environment of the Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA). The introduction of predominantly active and critical methodological tools has been necessary, such as supporting the Colectivo Retomando Raíces, binding wheels, and caring for the educator, referred to as the pedagogy of being, to establish conducive atmospheres for reflective learning with diverse educational agents. Similarly, the faculty has acknowledged the need for continuous improvement in their training to address the personal and community needs of their students.