bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomal hsa_circ_0007047 Attenuates Pos-myocardial Infarction Remodeling by Promoting Angiogenesis via miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 Axis
Authors: MAO Shuai , Liang Yubin , Yu Ling , Zhang Minzhou , Yang Phillip C. , Hinek Aleksander
Published: September 2021

Emerging studies indicate that exosomes and their inner noncoding RNAs, especially circular RNAs (circRNAs), play key roles in gene regulatory network and cardiovascular repair. However, our understanding of exosomal circRNAs on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. In the present study, exosomes were harvested from the serum of patients with and without postinfarction cardiac remodeling. The results showed that the level of hsa_circ_0007047 was significantly downregulated in serum exosome of patients with the adverse cardiac remodeling when compared with those without post-MI remodeling or normal subjects. Loss-of-function approaches in vitro established that exosomal hsa_circ_0007047 robustly promoted angiogenesis and stimulated of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. Accordingly, overexpression of exosomal hsa_circ_0007047 in mice significantly attenuated MI-induced myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction, accompanied by a larger functional capillary network at the border zone. Further exploration of the downstream target gene indicated that hsa_circ_0007047 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by directly binding to miR-1178-3p and thereby inducing transcription of its target gene phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1), a critical positive regulatory factor of angiogenesis. Together, our results revealed that exosomal hsa_circ_0007047 attenuated detrimental post-MI remodeling via miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 axis, which facilitated revascularization, ultimately improved the cardiac function.
Deep Learning-Based Election Results Prediction Using Twitter Activity
Authors: Ali Haider , Farman Haleem , Yar Hikmat , Khan Zahid , Habib Shabana , Ammar Adel
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, political parties have widely adopted social media for their party promotions and election campaigns. During the election, Twitter and other social media platforms are used for political coverage to promote the party and its candidates. This research discusses and estimates the stability of many volumetric social media approaches to forecast election results from social media activities. Numerous machine learning approaches are applied to opinions shared on social media for predicting election results. This paper presents a machine learning model based on sentiment analysis to predict Pakistan's general election results. In a general election, voters vote for their favorite party or candidate based on their personal interests. Social media has been extensively used for the campaign in Pakistan general election 2018. Using a machine learning technique, we provide a five-step process to analyze the overall election results, whether fair or unfair. The work is concluded with detailed experimental results and a discussion on the outcomes of sentiment analysis for real-world forecasting and approval for general elections in Pakistan.
The Effect of Mode of Delivery On Health-Related Quality-of-Life In Mothers: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Evans Kate , Fraser Hannah , Uthman Olalekan , Osokogu Osemeke , Johnson Samantha , Al-Khudairy Lena
Published: September 2021

Background: Previous research is inconclusive on the effects of mode of delivery on maternal health-related quality-of-life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence for associations between mode of delivery and postpartum health-related quality-of-life. Methods: Electronic databases MEDLINE ALL (OVID), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and EMBASE (OVID) were searched for English written articles investigating the relationship between mode of delivery and quality-of-life published form inception to 15th October 2020. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full texts, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible.Results: Twenty-one studies, including 19,879 women, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 18 studies found HRQoL scores were significantly higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean (emergency and elective combined) (Effect Size (ES) 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.25, n=7665) with highest scores after assisted vaginal delivery (ES 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.30, n=2547). Physical functioning (ES 11.18, 95% CI=2.29-20.06, n=1746), physical role (ES 13.10, 95% CI=1.16-25.05, n=1471), vitality (ES 6.31, 95% CI=1.14-10.29, n=1746) and social functioning (ES 5.69, 95% CI=1.26-10.11, n=1746) were significantly higher after vaginal delivery compared to caesarean. There was no significant difference in bodily pain, emotion role, mental health and general health scores were higher after vaginal delivery compared to caesarean.Conclusions: Health-related quality-of-life scores were higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean section. Consequently, women should be encouraged to deliver vaginally where possible. The findings of this research should be available to the relevant population to help support informed choice
The Influence of Region of Interest Width In Fetal 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Late In Pregnancy
Authors: Omdal Tom Roar , Khan Umael , Ebbing Cathrine , Kessler Jörg , Karlsen Henriette Odland , Leirgul Elisabeth , Matre Knut , Greve Gottfried
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Speckle tracking echocardiography is a promising method for assessment of myocardial function in fetal and neonatal hearts, but further studies are necessary to validate and optimize the settings for use in fetal cardiology. Previous studies have shown that the definition of the region of interest (ROI) affects strain values in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate how different widths of ROI influences measurements of four-chamber longitudinal systolic strain in fetuses late in pregnancy.Methods: Thirty-one singleton, healthy fetuses born to healthy mothers underwent an echocardiographic examination during gestational week 37. Speckle tracking was performed with two different settings for ROI width; the narrowest and second most narrow, provided both widths were assessed as suitable for the myocardial wall thickness of the fetus. Results: We found an inverse correlation between the ROI width and the strain values. Four-chamber longitudinal strain changed from -20.7 ± 3.6% to -18.0 ± 4.4% (p<0.001) with increasing ROI width. Further, strain decreased from the endocardium to the epicardium with multilayer measurements.Conclusions: Different widths of ROI influenced the strain measurements significantly in the fetal heart, comparable to what has been reported in adults. A standardization of the ROI setting could improve the interpretation, and reduce variability in fetal strain measurements.
A meta-analysis of the effect of Kahoot! on academic achievements and student performance
Authors: Yu Zhonggen
Published: September 2021

Kahoot!-based serious games have received international attention and obtained more than two billion players across over 200 countries and areas (Kahoot!, 2021). However, scanty studies have systematically examined their effect on educational outcomes using a meta-analysis. Through a meta-analysis using Stata/MP 14.0, this study concludes that Kahoot!-based serious games could significantly improve academic achievements and student performance, that the educational level of participants could not predict Kahoot!-assisted academic achievements and student performance, and that the difference in countries or areas could not predict Kahoot!-assisted academic achievements and student performance. More components such as cognitive loads, satisfaction, or anxiety in Kahoot!-based serious games could also be meta-analytically reviewed in the future.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Knockout Rescues Obesity Phenotype in a Mice Model of Huntington´s Disease
Authors: Santos Rebeca P. M. , Ribeiro Roberta , Vieira Talita H. F. , Aires Rosaria D. , Souza Jessica M. , Silva Bruna S. , Lima Anna Luiza D. , Oliveira Antônio Carlos P. , Reis Helton J. , Miranda Aline S. , Vieira Erica M. L. , Ribeiro Fabiola M. , Vieira Luciene B.
Published: September 2021

Obesity represents a serious global public health problem and is characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, which can increase the risk of comorbidities, such as: atherosclerosis, diabetes and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of the genetic deletion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on the modulation of obesity features in BACHD mice, a mouse model of Huntington´s disease. For that, we crossed BACHD and mGluR5 knockout mice (mGluR5−/−) in order to obtain the following groups: Wild type (WT), mGluR5−/−, BACHD and BACHD/mGluR5−/− (double mutant mice). Our results showed that the double mutant mice present decreased body weight as compared to BACHD mice at all tested ages and reduced visceral adiposity as compared to BACHD mice at 6 and 12 months of age. Additionally, 12-month-old double mutant mice present increased adipose tissue levels of adiponectin, decreased leptin levels, and increased IL-10/TNF ratio as compared to BACHD mice. Taken together, our data propose that the absence of mGluR5 reduce weight gain and visceral adiposity in BACHD mice, along with a decrease in the inflammatory state in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which may indicate that mGluR5 may play a role in adiposity modulation.
The Effect of Anion Architecture on the Lubrication Chemistry of Phosphonium Orthoborate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Munavirov Bulat , Black Jeffrey J. , Shah Faiz Ullah , Leckner Johan , Rutland Mark W. , Harper Jason B. , Glavatskih Sergei
Published: September 2021

Phosphonium ionic liquids with orthoborate anions have been studied in terms of their interfacial film formation, both physisorbed and sacrificial from chemical breakdown, in sheared contacts of varying harshness. The halogen-free anion architecture was varied through i) the heteronuclear ring size, ii) the hybridisation of the constituent atoms, and iii) the addition of aryl functionalities. ToF-SIMS analysis revealed the extent of sacrificial tribofilm formation allowing the relative stability of the ionic liquids under tribological conditions to be determined and their breakdown mechanisms to be compared to simple thermal decomposition. Overall, ionic liquids outperformed reference oils as lubricants; in some cases, sacrificial films were formed (with anion breakdown a necessary precursor to phosphonium cation decomposition) while in other cases, a protective, self-assembly lubricant layer or hybrid film was formed. The salicylate-based anion was the most chemically stable and decomposed only slightly even under the harshest conditions. It was further found that surface topography influenced the degree of breakdown through enhanced material transport and replenishment. This work thus unveils the relationship between ionic liquid composition and structure, and the ensuing inter- and intra-molecular interactions and chemical stability, and demonstrates the intrinsic tuneability of an ionic liquid lubrication technology.
Ontogenetic shift in diet of a large elapid snake is facilitated by allometric change in skull morphology
Authors: Patterson Matthew Brenton , Wolfe Ashleigh K , Fleming Patricia A , Bateman Philip W , Martin Meg , Sherratt Emma , Warburton Natalie M
Published: September 2021

As snakes are limbless, gape-limited predators, their skull is the main feeding structure involved in prey handling, manipulation and feeding. Ontogenetic changes in prey type and size are likely to be associated with distinct morphological changes in the skull during growth. We investigated ontogenetic variation in diet from stomach contents of n = 161 dugite specimens (Pseudonaja affinis, Elapidae) representing the full range of body size for the species, and skull morphology of 46 specimens (range 0.25–1.64 m snout-vent-length; SVL). We hypothesised that changes in prey type throughout postnatal ontogeny would coincide with distinct changes in skull shape. Dugites demonstrate a distinct size-related shift in diet: the smallest individuals ate autotomised reptile tails, medium-sized individuals predominantly ate small reptiles (as snakes grew larger there was an increased likelihood of feeding on reptiles head-first), and the largest individuals (> 0.8 m SVL) ate mammals and large reptiles. Morphometric analysis revealed that ~ 40% of the variation in skull shape was associated with body size (SVL). Through ontogeny, skulls changed from a smooth, bulbous cranium with relatively small trophic bones (upper and lower jaws and their attachments), to more rugous bones (as an adaption for muscle attachment) and relatively longer trophic bones that would extend gape. Individual shape variation in trophic bone dimensions was greater in larger adults and this likely reflects natural plasticity of individuals feeding on different prey sizes/types. Rather than a distinct morphological shift with diet, the ontogenetic changes were consistent, but positive allometry of individual trophic bones resulted in disproportionate growth of the skull, reflected in increased gape size and mobility of jaw bones in adults to aid the ingestion of larger prey and improve manipulation and processing ability. These results indicate that allometric scaling is an important mechanism by which snakes can change their dietary niche.
Alginate/CaCO3 Hybrid Loaded with Sorafenib Tosylate and Gold Hexagons: A Model for Efficient Dual (Chemo-Radio) Treatment of HepG2 Cells
Authors: Sukkar Firas A. , Shafaa Medhat W. , El-Nagdy Mohamed S. , Korraa Soheir S. , darwish wael
Published: September 2021

In this work, we investigated the combinatorial cytotoxic actions of the chemotherapeutic drug (sorafenib tosylate, ST) in synergism with γ-radiation on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The novel radiosensitizer, hexagonal gold nanoparticles, was prepared and utilized To enhance the radiobiological response of HepG2 cells. A well-designed nanoporous alginate/CaCO3 hybrid was prepared as a biocompatible/biodegradable nanocarrier for co-delivery of the hydrophobic drug and the hydrophilic radiosensitizer to the cancer cells. Incubation of HepG2 cells with the nanoprobes followed by different doses (0, 3 or 6 Gy) of γ-radiation resulted in significant reduction of the cells viability as a result of the synergistic (chemo-radiation) cytotoxic actions.
EndMT: New findings on the mechanism underlying fibrosis of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Bao Meng , Fan Xiaorong , Huang Jin , Zhu Changhong , Xia Wei
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIntrauterine adhesion (IUA) is one of the leading causes of infertility and the main clinical challenge is the high recurrence rate. The key to solving this dilemma lies in elucidating the mechanisms of endometrial fibrosis. The aim of our team is to study the mechanism underlying intrauterine adhesion fibrosis and the origin of fibroblasts in the repair of endometrial fibrosis.MethodsOur experimental study involving an animal model of intrauterine adhesion and detection of fibrosis-related molecules. The levels of molecular factors related to the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) were examined in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blot analyses. Main outcome measures are levels of the endothelial marker CD31 and the mesenchymal markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin.ResultsImmunofluorescence co-localization of CD31 and a-SMA showed that 14 days after moulding, double positive cells for CD31 and a-SMA could be clearly observed in the endometrium. Decreased CD31 levels and increased α-SMA and vimentin levels indicate that EndMT is involved in intrauterine adhesion fibrosis.ConclusionsEndothelial cells promote the emergence of fibroblasts via the EndMT during the endometrial fibrosis of intrauterine adhesions.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Barriers to Implementing a Pharmacist-Run Immunization Service, as Perceived by community Pharmacists in a Middle Eastern Country: A cross sectional web-based survey
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abbas Linda Abou , Hassan Hamad
Published: September 2021

Background: Several barriers to instigating a pharmacist-run immunization program existed. This survey aims to identify the barriers perceived by Lebanese community pharmacists (CPs) to implementing such a program and the association of these barriers with their willingness to provide immunization services.Methods:A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted over the period of time extending between the 1st of November and the end of December 2020 among Lebanese community pharmacists. The questionnaire included information on their socio-demographic characteristics, willingness to vaccinate and the perceived barriers to the run of immunization service. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0. Two logistic regression were conducted, one to identify factors associated with pharmacists high perception of barriers and another one to determine the predictors of the pharmacist’s willingness to vaccinate.Results:Out of the 412 surveyed community pharmacists, 67.48% of them were willing to expand their practice scope to include immunization. The main perceived barriers were the conflict with other professionals, liability, and reimbursements concerns, time for professional development and lack of knowledge of adverse events after immunization. Our results showed that females were more likely to perceive barriers than males (aOR=2.460, 95% CI (1.876:6.909)). However, pharmacists reporting previous experience in immunization (aOR=0.250, 95% CI (0.170:0.586)), working in urban area (aOR=0.451, 95% CI (0.199:0.926)) and having extensive working hours (aOR=0.244, 95% CI (0.05:1.2)) were less likely to perceive barriers. Female pharmacists were less willing to vaccinate (aOR=0.211, 95% CI (0.116:0.383)). However, having less than 40 years old (aOR=2.518, 95% CI (1.236:5.130)), having large experience ((aOR=1.78, 95% CI (1.087 to 2.993)) or previous experience in immunization (aOR=1.702, 95% CI (1.092 to 3.141)), being pharmacy owner (aOR=1.504, 95% CI (1.098:2.103)) and working more than 24 hours per week (aOR=2.622, 95% CI (1.447:4.752) were positively associated to the willingness to vaccinate. Pharmacists who perceived reimbursement (aOR=0.449 with 95% CI (0.264-0.765)), lack of pharmacy space (aOR=0.410 with 95% CI (0.158-1.060)), sharp safety (aOR=0.298 with 95% CI (0.146-0.609)) and insufficient staff (aOR=0.388 with 95% CI (0.190-0.794)) as barriers were less likely to implement pharmacy-run immunization.Conclusion:Addressing the identified barriers driving pharmacist’s lower willingness to vaccinate would be required to fully harness the potential of pharmacists as vaccinators.
Aufgabenklärung in inklusiven Settings. Zuständigkeiten von allgemeinen und sonderpädagogischen Lehrkräften
Authors: Quante Alina , Urbanek Claudia
Published: September 2021

Die Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion erfordert eine (multi-)professionelle Kooperation. Welche konkreten Aufgaben allgemeine und sonderpädagogische Lehrkräfte im inklusiven Setting übernehmen (sollen), gilt als Kern der Kooperationsproblematik. Die Klärung dieser Frage liegt in der Verantwortung der Lehrkräfte. Ausgehend von der Notwendigkeit der Professionalisierung von pädagogischem Fachpersonal für inklusive Bildung und Kooperation wird auf ein Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation im inklusiven Setting verwiesen. Dazu werden die theoretische Fundierung, die konzeptionelle Verankerung sowie die wesentlichen Inhalte der Fortbildung zusammenfassend dargestellt. Die explizite Aushandlung der Aufgabenzuständigkeiten wird mithilfe eines Reflexionsbogens unterstützt. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse der Daten aus der Begleituntersuchung zur Frage nach den gegenwärtigen und gewünschten Zuständigkeiten für inklusionsspezifische Aufgaben aus Sicht der Lehrkräfte.
 
Abstract
(Multi-)professional work teams are needed to meet the requirements of inclusive education. It is unclear which tasks collaborating teachers (should) fulfil, wherefore task clarification is considered the problematic core of collaboration. Regular and special education teachers are mostly left to clarify these uncertainties on their own. Following the need for professionalization in inclusive settings a professional development measure, especially designed for pairs of collaborating teachers in inclusive settings, is depicted. The theoretical foundation, the concept and essential contents will be described. A sheet for reflection is used as one part of professional development, to encourage the task clarification among teachers. The research project, accompanying the professional development, poses the question which tasks are considered as whose responsibility and if this classification is in line with the teachers’ expectations.
An optimal technological scheme for flotation concentration of gold-copper-arsenic ores of the Taror deposit (Republic of Tajikistan)
Authors: Solikhov M. M. , Aksenov A. V. , Karimov M. I. , Mineev G. G. , Rakhmanov O. B.
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the effect of material size on the efficiency of flotation concentration of gold-copperarsenic ores of the Taror deposit (Republic of Tajikistan) and studies the dependence of gold recovery on the duration of the process with the purpose of developing an alternative technological scheme for processing this ore type. According to X-ray phase analysis, Taror ore samples consist of rock-forming minerals by 92%. Ore mineralization is represented by sulphide minerals, mainly arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, in the total amount of 8%. Ore-forming elements include iron, sulphur, arsenic and copper with the mass fraction of 6.02%, 3.26%, 1.52% and 0.82%, respectively. Gold and silver are contained in the ore in the amount of 7.35 g/t and 20.28 g/t, respectively. The oxidation state of the ore calculated by iron comprises 51.3%. According to this indicator, this ore type can be distinguished as mixed, close to the primary type. According to the conducted chemical phase analysis of gold, this ore type belongs to the category of refractory ores. Flotation concentration experiments showed that grinding the original ore to a size of 95%–71 microns increases the recovery of gold in the concentrate by 10%, compared to grinding to a particle size of 80%–71 microns. The effect of the flotation process duration on gold recovery was also studied. To achieve the maximum gold recovery in the flotation concentrate, the duration of the main flotation and control flotation should be taken equal to 14 and 12 minutes, respectively. As a result of the experiments, a relatively simple technological solution was proposed for flotation concentration of the Taror ore, which includes the main, control and cleaning stages of flotation.
Enhanced weathering in the seabed: Rapid olivine dissolution and iron sulfide formation in submarine volcanic ash
Authors: Kahl Wolf-Achim , Klügel Andreas , Bach Wolfgang , Murshed Mangir
Published: September 2021

In basaltic volcanic ash recovered from a seamount at 3000 m water depth, we discovered marcasite and pyrite precipitation within cavities that formed by partial to complete dissolution of olivine. In places, these cavities are reminiscent of negative crystal shapes; elsewhere they apparently continue along cracks. In strong contrast, adjacent volcanic glass shows little, if any, evidence for dissolution. The FeS2 precipitates were commonly found to be conjoined and planar aggregates, occurring in the center of the voids. Their maximum volume fraction in relation to the void space as determined by 2D and 3D imaging techniques corresponds to the amount of iron released by olivine dissolution. Almost all occurrences of FeS2 precipitation are related to Cr-spinel inclusions in the former olivine. We propose that rapid olivine dissolution was initiated by reduced H2S-bearing fluids at olivine grain boundaries or surfaces exposed by cracks. Many of these cracks are connected to spinel grains, where the iron liberated from olivine is mineralized as FeS2, initially facilitated by heterogeneous nucleation. Subsequent pyrite and/or marcasite precipitation occurred as overgrowths on existing FeS2 aggregates. The particular chemical environment of low-pH, hydrogen sulfide-bearing fluids may have enhanced olivine dissolution by (1) keeping Fe in solution and (2) sequestering important quantities of Fe as FeS2. The in situ oxidation of ferrous Fe and precipitation of ferric hydroxides at the olivine surface commonly observed in oxic environments were obviously impeded. It would have slowed down olivine dissolution to rates more similar to the dissolution of basaltic glass. We have no direct indication that the process of rapid olivine dissolution was aided by subseafloor life. However, the presence of fibrous structures with small sulfide particles could indicate late colonization of sulfate-reducing bacteria that may add an additional path of iron fixation.
Ocular Surface Disease Severity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: is This Really Significant in Daily Life?
Authors: Yabanoglu Demet , Gode Funda
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which the ocular surface of women with polycystic ovary syndrome is impacted.
STUDY DESIGN: Included in this case-control study were 23 eyes of 23 patients (Group I) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 10 eyes of 10 healthy subjects (Group II). Polycystic ovary syndrome was diagnosed when two of the following conditions were met: oligo- or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and ultrasonographic documentation of polycystic ovaries. Ocular surface disease grading was performed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, slit lamp examination, meibomian gland secretion scoring, tear film breakup time, staining scores of ocular surfaces, the Schirmer's test, and tear osmolarity assessment.
RESULTS: The study observed no significant difference in age (p=0.896). Group I was found to have a significantly higher median luteinizing hormone level (p=0.027). The Ocular Surface Disease Index scores in group I were significantly higher than those in group II (p=0.031). The prevalence of anterior blepharitis was significantly greater in group I (p=0.05). Tear film breakup time was higher in group I than in group II (p=0.026). The ocular surface disease severity was found to be significantly higher in group I (p=0.03). In group I, Ocular Surface Disease Index scores were significantly positively correlated with free testosterone, while tear osmolarity was significantly positively correlated with estradiol levels but significantly negatively correlated with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Daily activities appear to be slightly impaired in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome due to ocular surface problems. However, environmental factors (humidity, temperature, etc.) contribute to the aggravation of ocular symptoms. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome may be referred to an ophthalmologist to preserve ocular surface health.
Use of combined UASB + eMBR treatment for removal of emerging micropollutants and reduction of fouling
Authors: Mora-Cabrera Karen , Peña-Guzmán Carlos , Trapote Arturo , Prats Daniel
Published: September 2021

This study employs a novel combined pilot plant consisting of an anaerobic reactor followed by a membrane electrochemical bioreactor (eMBR) to treat domestic water containing selected contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) [ibuprofen (IB), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)]. The first phase operated as a conventional membrane bioreactor to achieve the removal of organic matter [chemical oxygen demand (COD)], the CECs and phosphorus. A removal rate of 96.3% for COD, 94.5% for IB, 37.1% for CBZ, 87.1% for DCF and 96% for EE2 was obtained. In the three subsequent phases, current density (CD) of 5, 10 and 15 A/m2 was applied successively in the eMBR with the aim of investigating the effects on the removal of the former components and the fouling of the membrane. After the application of 5 and 10 A/m2 CD, the removal rate of COD decreased. Regarding phosphorus, a CD of 5 A/m2 was enough to achieve the rate of 97% and the membrane fouling suffered a substantial reduction too. Finally, the experimental results were subject to statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to validate the influence of each CD.
Hypertension in Pregnancy: Unanswered Questions
Authors: Papademetriou Vasilios , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Patoulias Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Georgios Kerpiniotis , Toumpourleka Maria , Sachinidis Alexandros
Published: September 2021

Background:

Hypertension of pregnancy [office blood pressure (BP) levels≥140/90 mmHg] is fairly
common and can affect up to 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Hypertension of pregnancy is an important
risk factor for the mother and carries increased morbidity and mortality for the fetus. Women with hypertension
of pregnancy have a high-risk for future cardiovascular and renal events.

Objectives:

To summarize the literature related to several clinical aspects of hypertension in pregnancy and
draw clinically meaningful conclusions.

Methods:

We conducted an in-depth review of the literature to retrieve existing data on the definition, epidemiology,
classification, and management of hypertension in pregnancy.

Results:

All pregnant women with hypertension should have a proper diagnostic workup and be treated appropriately.
In women with mild hypertension, BP therapeutic target should be set to 110-140/80-85mmHg. In women
with severe hypertension, BP should be reduced by at least 25% as soon as possible, and gradually thereafter
to normal target levels of <140/105mmHg. In terms of preeclampsia, physicians need to consider potential
complications and formulate prevention strategies. The choice of antihypertensive medication is crucial since
certain classes can be detrimental to the fetus and should be avoided. Post-partum, the choice of antihypertensive
therapy of the mother should take into consideration breastfeeding of the fetus. Given the life-long cardiovascular
risk of women with pregnancy hypertension, a regular cardiovascular evaluation is in order.

Conclusion:

Albeit the antihypertensive treatment exerts significant benefits for both the mother and the baby,
several clinical aspects remain un-tackled. More research is needed to further improve the treatment of such disorders.
A Molecular Link Between Diabetes and Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Potential of Repurposing Incretin-based Therapies for Breast Cancer
Authors: Jaiswal Pooja , Tripathi Versha , Nayak Aakruti , Kataria Shreya , Lukashevich Vladimir , Das Apurba K. , Parmar Hamendra S.
Published: September 2021

Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed
cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out
of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer
is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality.
It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers
have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular
clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases
worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of
different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a
cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects
on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available
on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in
particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer
and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the
sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.
The Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Potential Fluorophore for the
Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Pattathil Shruthy D. , Ture Satish A. , Martinez-Manez Ramon , Abbaraju Venkataraman
Published: September 2021

Background:

Detection of explosives (Nitroaromatic compounds) is one of the major
issues faced in global security and, to date, remains a challenge even though some materials are
developed for their detection. This study introduces the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a nonconjugated
conducting polymer, as a potential fluorophore for sensing nitroaromatics. The stimuliresponse
of fluorescence of PVP on interaction with energetic nitroaromatics was investigated in
the present study.

Methods:

Fluorescence quenching studies of 5% PVP was carried out by the addition of varying
concentration of quenchers (m-dinitrobenzene, trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol). To study
the effect of different solvents on fluorescence quenching, two different solvents were used, i.e.,
water and ethanol. The quenching studies of PVP with dinitrobenzene and trinitrobenzene were
carried out in ethanol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol was carried out in the water.

Results:

The maximum emission peak intensity of PVP was observed at 445 nm in ethanol and 420
nm in water, which was quenched upon the gradual addition of quenchers. This shift in maximum
peak intensity of PVP was understood from the change in the solvent polarity. UV-Visible and FTIR
studies were also carried out to understand the nature of interaction taking place between the
quenchers and PVP. The limit of detection (LOD) was observed as 1.8x10-3 M, 2.5x10-6 M, and
3.9x10-6 M for picric acid, dinitrobenzene and trinitrobenzene, respectively.

Conclusion:

The results envisage PVP as a potential candidate for sensing energetic nitroaromatics
with good sensitivity.
Pacemaker Induced Cardiomyopathy: An Overview of Current Literature
Authors: Gavaghan Callan
Published: September 2021

:

Pacemaker Induced Cardiomyopathy (PICM) is commonly defined as a reduction in left
ventricular (LV) function in the setting of right ventricular (RV) pacing. This condition may be associated
with the onset of clinical heart failure in those affected. Recent studies have focused on potential
methods of identifying patients at risk of this condition, in addition to hypothesizing the
most efficacious ways to manage these patients. Newer pacing options, such as His bundle pacing,
may avoid the onset of PICM entirely.
Fiscal Decentralization, Economic Growth and Regional Development Inequality in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Farida Nur
Published: September 2021

This study analyzes the relations between fiscal decentralization, economic growth, and regional development inequality in Eastern Indonesia using 2016-2019 panel data of thirteen Eastern Indonesia provinces obtained from Statistics Indonesia and the Directorate General for Fiscal Balance. Using simultaneous equations estimated through the Three-Stage Least Squares, this study finds that fiscal decentralization has not fully supported economic growth and correct the inequality in eastern Indonesia’s regional development. The mandate for managing the budget has not been optimally used by the local governments, indicated by poor allocation for productive expenditures and its decreasing proportion during the research period. It is caused by poor human resource quality in budget planning and management, which finally hinders the quality of public service and economic growth. Supports from physical and human capital are required to keep up with the occurring economic activities so that inequality in regional development in the area can be reduced.
Ways to solve the problem of converting diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel
Authors: Kossov E. E. , Asabin V. V. , Silyuta A. G. , Zhuravlev A. N. , Kossova L. E.
Published: September 2021

The Government of the Russian Federation has set the task of expanding the field of application of gaseous fuels in the national economy. In accordance with this task, an agreement of June 17, 2016 was developed on cooperation between PJSC Gazprom, JSC Russian Railways, JSC Sinara Group, JSC Transmashholding in the use of natural gas as a motor fuel, which provides for the production of shunting gas locomotives and mainline diesel locomotives and gas turbine locomotives. This work is a continuation of the work begun in the 1990s to create, fine-tune and test diesel locomotives using natural gas as a motor fuel. The conversion of diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel can be carried out in two ways: creation of diesel locomotives with gas piston engines and the modernization of diesel locomotives of the existing fleet by converting the diesel engines of these locomotives to use the gas-diesel cycle. A comparison of these options is given and solutions are proposed that allow using gas-diesel cycle on diesel locomotives. Mathematical models for calculating the performance indicators of a gas-diesel generator plant in operating modes and separately for the fuel supply process are presented, their features and some calculation results are presented. The experimentally determined reasons for the impossibility of operation of the power plant in the gas-diesel cycle of a shunting diesel locomotive based on TEM18 below the fourth position of the driver's controller are theoretically substantiated. The minimum required structural changes to the standard fuel equipment are determined, which are necessary to ensure stable operation of a diesel locomotive on gaseous fuel. A comparative assessment of the efficiency of converting diesel locomotives to gaseous fuel is carried out and the cost of fuel consumed per hour of operation is determined, depending on the degree of fuel replacement with gas when the locomotive is operating in average operating modes.
Influence of technical and technological equipment of a locomotive maintenance point on the capacity of a railway line
Authors: Mekhedov M. I. , Kornienko N. V.
Published: September 2021

Stable operation of railway transport is of decisive importance in the development of the country's economy. Railway stations of the Russian Railways network perform a significant amount of work on processing and handling train traffic.

Large technical stations on the Russian Railways network in most cases are located at the junction of railways (railway polygons), where locomotive crews and locomotives changes take place as well as various types of traction (electrified lines with direct and alternating current).

With the development of polygon technologies on the Russian Railways network, it becomes necessary to optimize the traction resource management process to ensure the stable operation of train traffic from its origin to the point of its destination. At technical stations with locomotive turnover points, they are changed, as well as maintenance (TO-2) and equipment.

The article discusses in more detail one of the elements of the daily budget for the use of locomotives — finding locomotives in one of the types of downtime — at the locomotive maintenance point. As an example of the queuing of traction resources, the point of maintenance of locomotives of the Karymskaya station is given, where the stalls for performing TO-2 are one of the types of devices of the locomotive economy, according to which the available capacity of the locomotive circulation section is determined. Based on the analysis of the results of the operation of the locomotive maintenance point of the Karymskaya station for 2017, a method has been developed that allows, using in the calculations the minimum interval for the supply of trains to the station, to determine the rational number of stalls mст, necessary for the development of promising volumes of freight transportation and increasing the capacity of railway lines.
Scientific center “Express” of the JSC “VNIIZHT”: history and modernity
Authors: Zubkova E. A. , Karpeeva T. A.
Published: September 2021

The article reflects the most important areas of work of scientists and employees of the scientific center “Express” and their contribution to the formation and development of information technology since the founding in 1959 of the Department of computer science of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport and up to the present.

Theoretical foundations of the application of transport cybernetics in the national economy of the country were created by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A. P. Petrov, who was one of the first to use mathematical methods and computing technology in solving transport problems and headed the development in this direction at the institute. The practical work on the creation of the first domestic automated system for selling tickets for trains, called “Express”, was headed by B. E. Marchuk.

Since then, the “Express” system has transformed from a local ticketing system at the Kievsky railway terminal in Moscow into a powerful multifunctional international passenger traffic management system that interacts with the ticket reservation systems of European countries.

Theoretical and practical developments carried out by the scientific center have resulted in the introduction of new information technologies in the Russian Railways holding and in the railway administrations of the member states of the Commonwealth.

At present, the main activities of the staff of the scientific center are the creation of automated control system “Express” of a new generation (ACS “Express” NP) and the system of international integration of passenger transportation Express International.
Oral and Dental Manifestations of Fanconi Anemia
Authors: Ambarkova Vesna
Published: September 2021

Fanconi anemia is a rare disease, which is characterized by decreased production of all blood cell types. Fanconi anemia is the most common inherited form of aplastic anemia. Congenital abnormalities of the eyes, ears, and heart, malformed or absent kidney, urogenital system involvement are common. There is a delay in physical development. Intelligence in patients with Fanconi anemia is usually normal. The most serious problems associated with Fanconi anemia include the gradual development of bone marrow disorders. Many patients with Fanconi anemia develop leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as other oncological diseases. Oral manifestations in patients with Fanconi anemia can be classified as gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, dental anomalies, soft tissue lesions, oral cancer, and lesions of the tongue. Patients with Fanconi anemia have increased predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and oral cancer. The interdisciplinary team of medical and dental specialists must be included in the medical and dental treatment of patients with Fanconi anemia. For proper dental care of patients with Fanconi anemia, the close cooperation of dental specialists, including orthodontists, pedodontists, prosthetists, oral surgeons, as well as specialists in periodontology and oral diseases, is of particular importance.
Consumer Perspectives on Maternal and Infant Health Apps: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Biviji Rizwana , Williams Karmen S , Vest Joshua R , Dixon Brian E , Cullen Theresa , Harle Christopher A
Published: September 2021

Background

Despite the popularity of maternal and infant health mobile apps, ongoing consumer engagement and sustained app use remain barriers. Few studies have examined user experiences or perceived benefits of maternal and infant health app use from consumer perspectives.

Objective

This study aims to assess users’ self-reported experiences with maternal and infant health apps, perceived benefits, and general feedback by analyzing publicly available user reviews on two popular app stores—Apple App Store and Google Play Store.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative assessment of publicly available user reviews (N=2422) sampled from 75 maternal and infant health apps designed to provide health education or decision-making support to pregnant women or parents and caregivers of infants. The reviews were coded and analyzed using a general inductive qualitative content analysis approach.

Results

The three major themes included the following: app functionality, where users discussed app features and functions; technical aspects, where users talked about technology-based aspects of an app; and app content, where users specifically focused on the app content and the information it provides. The six minor themes included the following: patterns of use, where users highlighted the frequency and type of use; social support, where users talked about receiving social support from friends, family and community of other users; app cost, where users talked about the cost of an app within the context of being cost-effective or a potential waste of money; app comparisons, where users compared one app with others available in app stores; assistance in health care, where users specifically highlighted the role of an app in offering clinical assistance; and customer care support, where users specifically talked about their interaction with the app customer care support team.

Conclusions

Users generally tend to value apps that are of low cost and preferably free, with high-quality content, superior features, enhanced technical aspects, and user-friendly interfaces. Users also find app developer responsiveness to be integral, as it offers them an opportunity to engage in the app development and delivery process. These findings may be beneficial for app developers in designing better apps, as no best practice guidelines currently exist for the app environment.
Emotional Analysis of Twitter Posts During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Geronikolou Styliani , Drosatos George , Chrousos George
Published: September 2021

Background

The effectiveness of public health measures depends upon a community’s compliance as well as on its positive or negative emotions.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of the expressed emotions in English tweets by Greek Twitter users during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece.

Methods

The period of this study was from January 25, 2020 to June 30, 2020. Data collection was performed by using appropriate search words with the filter-streaming application programming interface of Twitter. The emotional analysis of the tweets that satisfied the inclusion criteria was achieved using a deep learning approach that performs better by utilizing recurrent neural networks on sequences of characters. Emotional epidemiology tools such as the 6 basic emotions, that is, joy, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger based on the Paul Ekman classification were adopted.

Results

The most frequent emotion that was detected in the tweets was “surprise” at the emerging contagion, while the imposed isolation resulted mostly in “anger” (odds ratio 2.108, 95% CI 0.986-4.506). Although the Greeks felt rather safe during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, their positive and negative emotions reflected a masked “flight or fight” or “fear versus anger” response to the contagion.

Conclusions

The findings of our study show that emotional analysis emerges as a valid tool for epidemiology evaluations, design, and public health strategy and surveillance.