bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring dual narratives of supervisory trust in remote supervisor–subordinate relationships
Authors: Mat‐Artun Deniz , Küskü Fatma
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the involuntary remote work experiences of subordinates and supervisors in terms of supervisory trust. Data were collected from professionals in Türkiye through an open‐ended questionnaire. The findings reveal that subordinates feel less supervisory trust, whereas supervisors confirm trusting their remote subordinates less. Utilizing leader–member exchange (LMX) theory as a theoretical approach, we argue that the lack of supervisory trust is a major setback for the quality of LMX and displays itself in the form of more controlling and monitoring together with criticisms over ability and behavioural integrity. Moreover, cognitive trust is more dominant in the remote dyadic trust relationship, even though the cultural context signals a more affect‐based one. This study contributes to the emerging literature on trust and LMX in virtual work settings by presenting dual narratives on supervisory trust in the supervisor–subordinate relationships under remote work conditions.
Integrating adverse effects of triazole fungicides on reproduction and physiology of farmland birds
Authors: Jiménez‐Peñuela Jéssica , Santamaría‐Cervantes Claudia , Fernández‐Vizcaíno Elena , Mateo Rafael , Ortiz‐Santaliestra Manuel Eloy
Published: August 2024

The extensive use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the major factors negatively impacting birds in agricultural habitats. One of the pesticide groups most used worldwide are triazole fungicides due to their effectiveness in controlling phytopathogenic fungi in cereals, vineyards and orchards. In the last decades, different experimental studies have reported important negative effects on the health and fitness of birds after exposure to triazoles. Birds can be exposed throughout the year through different routes, including oral uptake, dermal contact with treated surfaces and inhalation by overspray. Yet, the ingestion of treated or sprayed material is the principal route. The most alarming effect of triazoles, which can even occur several months after cessation of the exposure, is the decreasing reproductive outputs of birds, including delay in the onset of laying dates, reduced clutch size and hatching rate, and increased mortality of chicks. In order to synthesize the data and knowledge about the toxic effects of triazoles at different levels of biological organization, here we propose an dverse outcome pathway (AOP) on the mechanisms by which triazoles can affect avian reproduction and physiology. The reported effects highlight that the current risk assessment needs some improvements to avoid undesired effects on birds, especially long‐term effects that can influence stability and viability of avian populations from agricultural habitats.
BAUSSS biomarker improves melanoma survival risk assessment
Authors: Dixon Anthony J. , Steinman Howard K. , Nirenberg Alexander , Zouboulis Christos C. , Sladden Michael , Popescu Catalin , Anderson Stuart , Longo Caterina , Thomas J. Meirion
Published: August 2024

Background

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) method of staging melanoma is dated and inaccurate. It ignores important prognostic melanoma features, especially the patient's age. BAUSSS is more accurate in determining survival risk for primary cutaneous melanoma patients who have no clinical or imaging evidence of nodal or distant metastases. BAUSSS is an algorithm incorporating analysis of Breslow thickness, Age, Ulceration, Subtype of melanoma, Sex and Site. These are the six features from the patient history along with the details from the melanoma pathology report that are most predictive of mortality outcome.

Objective

To develop a single‐page document that allows the clinician to determine BAUSSS biomarker‐predicted prognosis in consultation with the patient.

Method

From various data sources, we developed an algorithm to predict melanoma mortality using the BAUSSS biomarker system. The single‐page algorithm was made available to download athttps://globalmelanoma.net/bausss‐survival‐chart, thus being readily available without charge to all clinicians and their patients.

Results

BAUSSS method of determining melanoma prognosis is more accurate and less costly than the AJCC staging system. The only surgery the patient requires is wide local excision of the primary tumour. This method of ascertaining melanoma risk does not require added surgery, costs, hospitalization, tests and anaesthesia, such as would be required if sentinel lymph node biopsy was undertaken. BAUSSS can be a useful tool in determining which primary melanoma patients are at sufficiently high risk to be considered for adjuvant drug therapy.

Conclusion

We encourage clinicians to download and print in colour this single‐page BAUSSS mortality prediction tool, laminate it, and use it face to face with the patient in consultations. Not only will the patient be able to recognize his/her long‐term prognosis but will also be able to see how their tumour severity compares with others.
Weakly supervised deep learning image analysis can differentiate melanoma from naevi on haematoxylin and eosin‐stained histopathology slides
Authors: Maher Nigel G. , Danaei Mehr Homay , Cong Cong , Adegoke Nurudeen A. , Vergara Ismael A. , Liu Sidong , Scolyer Richard A.
Published: August 2024

Background

The broad histomorphological spectrum of melanocytic pathologies requires large data sets to develop accurate and generalisable deep learning (DL)‐based diagnostic pathology classifiers. Weakly supervised DL promotes utilisation of larger training data sets compared to fully supervised (patch annotation) approaches.

Objectives

To evaluate weakly supervised DL image classifiers for discriminating melanomas from naevi on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained pathology slides.

Methods

A representative H&E slide for 260 naevi and 260 melanomas from mucocutaneous sites at one tertiary institution was digitized. Clinicopathological features were recorded for each case including thickness and histological subtype. Whole‐slide or whole‐tissue section labels were applied. The ground truth was established by consensus diagnosis from two pathologists. Multiple‐instance learning models, Trans‐MIL, CLAM and DTFD‐MIL were evaluated at 10×, 20× and 40× magnifications using stratified fivefold Monte Carlo cross‐validation, with 80/10/10 splits for training/validation/test groups, to predict melanoma from naevus. Heatmaps were generated to understand model performance.

Results

Naevi cases were younger (median age: 51 years; melanoma median age: 71.5 years), with more balanced sex distribution (males: 48.8%, melanoma male subgroup: 64.2%). The most frequent histological subtypes of naevi and melanomas were dysplastic compound (n = 99, 38.1%) and superficial spreading (n = 124, 47.7%), respectively. Average AUC (±1 SD) for Trans‐MIL, CLAM and DTFD‐MIL across test groups were 0.9952 ± 0.006, 0.9925 ± 0.0052 and 0.9708 ± 0.0328, at 20× magnification, respectively. Performance of the models varied according to the magnification used. Heatmaps from the two best performing models, Trans‐MIL and CLAM, generally indicated attention on appropriate tissue regions for interpretation.

Conclusions

Weakly supervised DL on pathological slides of common mucocutaneous melanocytic tumours provides highly accurate diagnostic value for discrimination of melanomas and naevi. External validation and further assessment on less frequently occurring histologic subtypes and borderline cases using this method is required.
Identifying priority challenges of older adults with COPD: A multiphase intervention refinement study
Authors: Iyer Anand S. , Wells Rachel D. , Bechthold Avery C. , Armstrong Margaret , O'Beirne Ronan , Byun Jun Y. , Coffee‐Dunning Jazmine , Odom J. Nicholas , Buhr Russell G. , Suen Angela O. , Kotwal Ashwin A. , Witt Leah J. , Brown Cynthia J. , Dransfield Mark T. , Bakitas Marie A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Identifying priority challenges of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is critical to designing interventions aimed at improving their well‐being and independence.

Objective

To prioritize challenges of older adults with COPD and those who care for them to guide refinement of a telephonic nurse coach intervention for patients with COPD and their family caregivers (EPIC: Empowering People to Independence in COPD).

Design

Multiphase study guided by Baltes Theory of Successful Aging and the 5Ms Framework: Phase 1: Nominal group technique (NGT), a structured process of prioritizing responses to a question through group consensus. Phase 2: Rapid qualitative analysis. Phase 3: Intervention mapping and refinement.

Setting

Ambulatory, virtual.

Participants

Older adults with COPD, family caregivers, clinic staff (nurses, respiratory therapists), clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners), and health system leaders.

Results

NGT sessions were conducted by constituency group with 37 participants (n = 7 patients, n = 6 family caregivers, n = 8 clinic staff, n = 9 clinicians, n = 7 health system leaders) (Phase 1). Participants generated 92 statements across five themes (Phase 2): (1) “Barriers to care”, (2) “Family caregiver needs”, (3) “Functional status and mobility issues”, (4) “Illness understanding”, and (5) “COPD care complexities”. Supplemental oxygen challenges emerged as a critical problem, and prioritized challenges differed by group. Patients and clinic staff prioritized “Functional status and mobility issues”, family caregivers prioritized “Family caregiver needs”, and clinicians and health system leaders prioritized “COPD care complexities”. Intervention mapping (Phase 3) guided EPIC refinement focused on meeting patient priorities of independence and mobility but accounting for all priorities.

Conclusions

Diverse constituency groups identified priority challenges for older adults with COPD. Functional status and mobility issues, particularly related to supplemental oxygen, emerged as patient prioritized challenges.

Implications

Patient‐centered interventions for older adults with COPD must account for their prioritized functional and supplemental oxygen needs and explore diverse constituent perspectives to facilitate intervention enrichment.
More than dollars: Healthcare utilization among spouses of persons with dementia
Authors: Horstman Molly J.
Published: August 2024

See related articles by Ingraham et al. in this issue.
Osteocalcin: A potential marker to identify and monitor girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty
Authors: Qin Wei , Chen Yanfei , Sooranna Suren R , Zeng Dan , Xie Tao , Meng Qi , Lan Dan
Published: August 2024

Aim

To evaluate the suitability of serum osteocalcin (OC) as a marker to distinguish between rapidly and non‐rapidly progressive central precocious puberty (RP‐CPP and NRP‐CPP), as well as its potential to assess growth rates following treatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).

Methods

Serum levels of OC were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in girls diagnosed with either RP‐CPP or NRP‐CPP as well as in normal control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut‐off value for OC. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the main influencing factors associated with OC.

Results

Serum OC levels were higher in the CPP girls when compared to normal controls (110.76 ± 43.69 vs 55.97 ± 20.96 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The level in the RP‐CPP group was higher than the NRP‐CPP group (153.28 ± 33.89 vs 88.33 ± 29.26 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The cut‐off value of OC levels for distinguishing between RP‐CPP and NRP‐CPP was 107.05 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 94.7% and the specificity was 77.8%, which was superior to using the basal luteinising hormone (B‐LH) levels, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.933 versus 0.695, respectively. Following 1–2 years of treatment with GnRHa for girls with CPP, both OC levels and the growth rates decreased to pre‐pubertal values. B‐LH levels, bone age and body weight were also significant factors, which affected OC levels.

Conclusions

Serum OC levels may be a useful marker for distinguishing RP‐CPP from NRP‐CPP. In addition, it was also found to be a useful predictor for growth rate during GnRHa treatment.
The Vehicle of Administration and Prandial State May Reduce the Spectrum of Oral Broad‐Spectrum Antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Fosfomycin and Amoxicillin) Administered to Piglets: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach
Authors: Decundo Julieta M. , Dieguez Susana N. , Martínez Guadalupe , Amanto Fabián A. , Pérez Gaudio Denisa S. , Soraci Alejandro L.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the vehicle of administration and the prandial state of post weaning piglets on the indices of therapeutic efficacy for different broad‐spectrum antibiotic/pathogen combinations. Pharmacokinetic data were retrieved from previous studies, in which we orally administered oxytetracycline (OTC), fosfomycin (FOS), or amoxicillin (AMX) according to the following treatments: dissolved in soft water to fasted or non‐fasted piglets, dissolved in hard water to fasted or non‐fasted piglets, and mixed with feed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for susceptible strains of bacteria causing swine diseases were obtained from the database of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for each antibiotic. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of therapeutic efficacy—drug exposure over the dosing interval (fAUC/MIC) for OTC and FOS; time that free drug concentration remains above MIC (%fT>MIC) for AMX—were calculated for each antibiotic/pathogen combination under each treatment. After all OTC and in‐feed FOS and AMX treatments, the indices of therapeutic efficacy were below the target value for all the study microorganisms. When FOS or AMX were delivered dissolved in soft or hard water, the indices were above the target value over which therapeutic efficacy would be expected for Escherichia coli treated with FOS and, Glaesserella parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae treated with AMX. The prandial state of piglets showed no influence on the indices of therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic profiles of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, specifically the ability to achieve target concentrations, may be largely reduced due to drug interactions with components present in feed or water resulting in a discrepancy with PK/PD principles of prudent and responsible use of antibiotics.
An Extracellular, Ca2+‐Activated Nuclease (EcnA) Mediates Transformation in a Naturally Competent Archaeon
Authors: Fonseca Dallas R. , Day Leslie A. , Crone Kathryn K. , Costa Kyle C.
Published: August 2024

Transformation, the uptake of DNA directly from the environment, is a major driver of gene flow in microbial populations. In bacteria, DNA uptake requires a nuclease that processes dsDNA to ssDNA, which is subsequently transferred into the cell and incorporated into the genome. However, the process of DNA uptake in archaea is still unknown. Previously, we cataloged genes essential to natural transformation in Methanococcus maripaludis, but few homologs of bacterial transformation‐associated genes were identified. Here, we characterize one gene, MMJJ_16440 (named here as ecnA), to be an extracellular nuclease. We show that EcnA is Ca2+‐activated, present on the cell surface, and essential for transformation. While EcnA can degrade several forms of DNA, the highest activity was observed with ssDNA as a substrate. Activity was also observed with circular dsDNA, suggesting that EcnA is an endonuclease. This is the first biochemical characterization of a transformation‐associated protein in a member of the archaeal domain and suggests that both archaeal and bacterial transformation initiate in an analogous fashion.
The effect of pattern fabrication methods on the marginal fit of three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks: An experimental study
Authors: Giti Rashin , Khandani Golnaz
Published: August 2024

Objective

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the marginal fit of three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks fabricated based on conventionally hand‐waxed, milled, and three‐dimensional (3D) printed patterns.

Materials and Methods

Two fixture analogs were placed in the mandibular right first premolar and first molar region of the dentiform and two prefabricated abutments were secured in the fixture analogs. Thirty three‐unit wax patterns were fabricated through conventional, milling, and 3D printing techniques (n = 10 per group). After casting, the vertical marginal gaps of two abutments for each restoration were measured by using an optical microscope on 16 points around the finish line at ×80 magnification. The data were analysed by using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

The marginal gap was found to be significantly different among the three manufacturing methods (p < 0.001) and between each pair (p < 0.001). The 3D printing group had a significantly lower marginal gap than the milling (p < 0.001) and the conventional group (p < 0.001) in the first premolar and first molar regions and the mean of the two. The marginal gap in the milling group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (p < 0.001) in the first premolar and first molar regions and the mean of the two.

Conclusion

The marginal fit of the frameworks was the best in the 3D printing method, followed by the milling, and finally the conventional method. However, the fit accuracy in all three methods remained within the clinically acceptable range (<120 μm).
Sleep and circadian disruption in bipolar disorders: From psychopathology to digital phenotyping in clinical practice
Authors: Tonon André C. , Nexha Adile , Mendonça da Silva Mariana , Gomes Fabiano A. , Hidalgo Maria Paz , Frey Benicio N.
Published: August 2024

Sleep and biological rhythms are integral to mood regulation across the lifespan, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD), where alterations in sleep phase, structure, and duration occur in all mood states. These disruptions are linked to poorer quality of life, heightened suicide risk, impaired cognitive function, and increased relapse rates. This review highlights the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in BD and aims to consolidate understanding and clinical applications of these phenomena. It also summarizes the evolution of sleep and biological rhythms assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and digital phenotyping. It underscores the importance of recognizing circadian rhythm involvement in mood regulation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Future research directions include elucidating circadian clock gene mechanisms, understanding environmental impacts on circadian rhythms, and investigating the bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and mood regulation in BD. Standardizing assessment methods and addressing privacy concerns related to EMA technology and digital phenotyping are essential for advancing research. Collaborative efforts are crucial for enhancing clinical applicability and understanding the broader implications of biological rhythms in BD diagnosis and treatment. Overall, recognizing the significance of sleep and biological rhythms in BD offers promise for improved outcomes through targeted interventions and a deeper understanding of the disorder's underlying mechanisms.
Administrative evil and moral disengagement: The case of torture in apartheid‐era South Africa
Authors: Einolf Christopher J.
Published: August 2024

Understanding how administrators can commit unethical acts is an important goal of public administration research. This article tests whether moral inversion, taken from Balfour, Adams, and Nickels' theory of administrative evil, can help explain torture, and also proposes and tests Bandura's theory of moral disengagement. It analyzes testimony from perpetrators of torture who testified before the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1996–2000. The results support moral inversion, as perpetrators stated that they believed their actions were morally justified. The results also support displacement of responsibility, as perpetrators shifted responsibility away from themselves and toward actors above or below them in the chain of command. However, the analysis does not support the theory of diffusion of responsibility, as perpetrators did not take the silence of officials outside of their chain of command as approval, but instead anticipated their disapproval and tried to conceal their actions.
Nonresponse to an item assessing firearm ownership: Associations with suicide risk and emotional distress
Authors: Daruwala Samantha E. , Bauder C. Rosie , Bozzay Melanie L. , Bryan Craig J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Firearms account for more than half of suicide deaths in the United States (US) and both ownership and access are associated with increased risk of intentional and unintentional injury. Despite evidence linking ownership and access to suicide risk, individuals may be reticent to answer questionnaire items assessing ownership. The current study examined characteristics of individuals who do not provide a response (nonresponders) to a firearm ownership item in a community sample.

Methods

Data were collected from a cross‐sectional online survey of 10,625 US adults. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine demographic, emotional distress, and suicide risk differences across three groups (firearm owners, nonowners, and nonresponders).

Results

Nonresponders were significantly younger, more likely to be female and non‐White than firearm owners and nonowners. Nonresponders were less likely to endorse recent suicidal ideation and probable PTSD than firearm owners, but more likely to endorse probable PTSD than nonowners. Firearm owners were significantly more likely to report several correlates of suicide risk than nonowners.

Conclusions

Nonresponders may be a unique subgroup with distinct demographic, emotional distress, and suicide risk profiles compared to both firearm owners and nonowners. Implications of these findings for future directions are discussed.
A dynamic WUSCHEL/Layer 1 interplay directs shoot apical meristem formation during regeneration in tobacco
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Ayzenshtat Dana , Rather Gulzar A. , Zemach Hanita , Belausov Eduard , Eshed Williams Leor , Bocobza Samuel
Published: August 2024

De novo shoot apical meristem (SAM) organogenesis during regeneration in tissue culture has been investigated for several decades, but the precise mechanisms governing early‐stage cell fate specification remain elusive. In contrast to SAM establishment during embryogenesis, in vitro SAM formation occurs without positional cues and is characterized by autonomous initiation of cellular patterning. Here, we report on the initial stages of SAM organogenesis and on the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate gene patterning to establish SAM homeostasis. We found that SAM organogenesis in tobacco calli starts with protuberance formation followed by the formation of an intact L1 layer covering the nascent protuberance. We also exposed a complex interdependent relationship between L1 and WUS expression and revealed that any disruption in this interplay compromises shoot formation. Silencing WUS in nascent protuberances prevented L1 formation and caused the disorganization of the outer cell layers exhibiting both anticlinal and periclinal divisions, suggesting WUS plays a critical role in the proper establishment and organization of L1 during SAM organogenesis. We further discovered that silencing TONNEAU1 prevents the exclusive occurrence of anticlinal divisions in the outermost layer of the protuberances and suppresses the acquisition of L1 cellular identity and L1 formation, ultimately impeding SAM formation and regeneration. This study provides a novel molecular framework for the characterization of a WUS/L1 interplay that mediates SAM formation during regeneration.
TRIBOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND HARD CHROME COATINGS ON EN19 FOR COLD ROLLING APPLICATION
Authors: Lal Sajjan Kumar , Gaval Vivek , Solanke Sachin , Garmode Ravindra
Published: August 2024

In the heavy sheet metal industry, rolls are generally made up of EN19. To enhance the life of the cold rolling mills it can be coated. This paper presents an experimental study to check the effect of alloy coatings such as Hard Chrome and Tungsten carbide on wear resistance and other characteristics of roller base materials EN19 which is used in rolling process of heavy metal industry. In this paper a comparative tribological study of Hard Chrome, Tungsten carbide, EN19 through hardness testing, surface roughness analysis, SEM, and EDS, XRD, sliding wear experiments and statistical study through Design of Experiment has been performed to find out the best material which can increase the life of rolls. From the experiments carried out it has been found that hardchrome has 15.19 times the longevity of the substrate EN19. Tungsten carbide has 19 times the life of EN19 and 1.25 times the life of hardchrome. Tungsten carbide coating gives more hardness and wear resistance than the Hard Chrome and EN19 base material of the roll. Thus, using Tungsten carbide coating on EN19 rolls will improve the life and enhance the longevity of the roll used in cold rolling process in heavy steel industry.
The Brazilian Economy in the Recent Decades: an Analysis Using Synthetic Control
Authors: Gabriel Luciano Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Applying the synthetic control method, this article analyzes the cyclical reversal of the Brazilian economy after 2010 and the 2015-2016 recession considering thirty-five macroeconomic, institutional, and sectoral variables. In general terms, it was observed that the inconsistency of fiscal and monetary policies, the low level of productivity (sectorial and aggregate), the internal rate of return on capital, investment rate, the declining economic complexity (which also affect technical progress and the productive specialization), as well as the low quality of institutions, explain, to a large extent, the lower economic growth performance in the period when compared to other emerging economies.
Whey Protein Supplementation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing a Resistance Training Program: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Furtado Celine de Carvalho , Jamar Giovana , Barbosa Alan Carlos Brisola , Dourado Victor Zuniga , Nascimento José Reinaldo do , Oliveira Glaucia Cristina Antunes Ferraz de , Hi Edgar Matias Bach , Souza Thiago de Arruda , Parada Maria José Gonzalez , Souza Felipe Granado de , Juzwiak Claudia Ridel , Lombardi Império
Published: August 2024

Background/Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on glycemic control, muscle strength, quality of life, and body composition in older adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes undergoing a resistance training program. Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was carried out with older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Body composition, food intake, muscle strength, glycemic profile, markers of renal function, cardiopulmonary capacity, and quality of life were evaluated. Older adults were randomized into a supplementation group with 33 g of WP consumed twice a week on days of resistance training for 12 weeks supplemented group and a placebo group. Results: In total, 39 older adults were randomized into two groups, 19 in the supplement group and 20 in the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in muscle strength, with the WP group failing to exceed that of the control group. WP supplementation slightly increased blood urea compared with the placebo group (p = .05), but values remained within normal limits. The group that used WP showed a small improvement in mental health, according to the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, but without clinically important improvements. Conclusion: Both groups showed improvements in muscle strength and mass, regardless of supplementation, showing that resistance exercises performed twice a week can contribute to the nonprogression of sarcopenia in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to determine the safe and effective amount of supplementation to improve muscle strength without renal impairment in older adults with diabetes.
Oxygen-defective electrostrictors for soft electromechanics
Authors: Tinti Victor Buratto , Han Jin Kyu , Frederiksen Valdemar , Chen Huaiyu , Wallentin Jesper , Kantor Innokenty , Lyksborg-Andersen Anton , Hansen Thomas Willum , Bae Garam , Song Wooseok , Stamate Eugen , de Florio Daniel Zanetti , Bruus Henrik , Esposito Vincenzo
Published: August 2024

Electromechanical metal oxides, such as piezoceramics, are often incompatible with soft polymers due to their crystallinity requirements, leading to high processing temperatures. This study explores the potential of ceria-based thin films as electromechanical actuators for flexible electronics. Oxygen-deficient fluorites, like cerium oxide, are centrosymmetric nonpiezoelectric crystalline metal oxides that demonstrate giant electrostriction. These films, deposited at low temperatures, integrate seamlessly with various soft substrates like polyimide and PET. Ceria thin films exhibit remarkable electrostriction (
M
33
> 10
−16
m
2
V
−2
) and inverse pseudo-piezo coefficients (
e
33
> 500 pmV
−1
), enabling large displacements in soft electromechanical systems. Our study explores resonant and off-resonant configurations in the low-frequency regime (<1 kHz), demonstrating versatility for three-dimensional and transparent electronics. This work advances the understanding of oxygen-defective metal oxide electromechanical properties and paves the way for developing versatile and efficient electromechanical systems for applications in biomedical devices, optical devices, and beyond.
The promise of priming precursors: Advances in inducing CD4 binding site–directed HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Amara Rama Rao
Published: August 2024

HIV envelope immunogen designed to activate germline B cell precursors of CD4 binding site–specific neutralizing antibodies shows promise in monkeys.
The role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in pancreatitis
Authors: Pan Letian , Yin Nuoming , Duan Mingyu , Mei Qixiang , Zeng Yue
Published: August 2024

Gut microbiome plays a vital role in the intestinal ecosystem and has close association with metabolites. Due to the development of metabolomics and microbiomics, recent studies have observed that alteration of either the gut microbiome or metabolites may have effects on the progression of pancreatitis. Several new treatments based on the gut microbiome or metabolites have been studied extensively in recent years. Gut microbes, such as
Bifidobacterium
,
Akkermansia
, and
Lactobacillus
, and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, vitamin, hydrogen sulfide, and alcohol, have different effects on pancreatitis. Some preliminary studies about new intervention measures were based on the gut microbiome and metabolites such as diet, prebiotic, herbal medicine, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to summarize the recent advances about the gut microbiome, metabolites, and pancreatitis in order to determine the potential beneficial role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in pancreatitis.
Challenging illness scripts: a case of pernicious anaemia and axonal neuropathy
Authors: Ahmed Amara , Ammar Hussam , Mageau Ronald
Published: August 2024

This case report presents a male in his 30s with pernicious anaemia, initially diagnosed with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Despite improvement with treatment, he developed bilateral leg weakness and numbness, ultimately diagnosed as peripheral neuropathy. Further investigations revealed a spectrum of haematological and neurological manifestations associated with B12 deficiency, challenging the typical illness script of pernicious anaemia. This report underscores the importance of recognising variations in clinical presentation and highlights the need for expanded illness scripts to guide accurate diagnosis and management.
Radiological findings in a case of congenital lumbar herniation of the kidney with a spinal tube defect
Authors: Varrior Ajith Ramakumar , Thakkar Hemangini , Dhulshette Sumeet
Published: August 2024

The superior lumbar triangle is formed by the erector spinae muscles medially, internal oblique muscles laterally and the 12th rib superiorly. Herniation through this triangle can be congenital or acquired (primary or secondary). The contents of the hernial sac commonly include retroperitoneal fat, kidneys, ascending or descending colon, small intestines, stomach, spleen, etc. We present a case of an infant with congenital herniation of the left kidney through the superior lumbar triangle with an incidentally detected closed spinal tube defect. The anatomy of the lumbar triangle and a literature review of the associated hernia have been briefly described in this article.
Cuboid-navicular coalition in a female junior athlete
Authors: Seeto Alexander Henry , Brown James , Wilson Mark Daniel
Published: August 2024

Tarsal coalition is an uncommon cause of insidious-onset foot pain typically affecting adolescents. Cuboid-navicular coalitions are among the rarest variety, comprising less than 1% of all tarsal coalitions. This case report describes a female competitive gymnast in middle childhood with a 6-month history of worsening insidious onset right foot pain that forced withdrawal from all sporting activities. The patient reported a background of intermittent foot pain and bilateral ankle instability over the past 2 years. A comprehensive history and physical examination, alongside MRI, enabled the diagnosis of a fibro-osseous cuboid-navicular coalition. Through early diagnosis, a targeted and prompt trial of non-operative management was implemented, consisting of physiotherapy, a deloading protocol, orthotics and analgesia. At 6-month follow-up, this led to improvements in pain symptoms and functional outcomes as well as a return to competitive sport. Early recognition of cuboid-navicular coalition is essential to prevent early degenerative joint disease.
UK national observational cohort study investigating Tolerance of Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy in the Elderly: the TOASTIE study
Authors: Baxter Mark A , Rowe Michael , Zucker Kieran , Peters Adam L , Rohan Maria , Marsh Alexandra , Gee Abigail L , Quesne Gemma , Heseltine Jonny , Prichard Rachel , Scott Deborah , O'Neill Conor , Brunner Clair , Howells Joni , Conteh Veronica , Aujayeb Avinash , Yan Xiangfei , Rodgers Lisa J , Martin Sally , Dearden Helen
Published: August 2024

Objective

The Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG) score was developed to predict severe chemotherapy-induced toxicity risk in older adults; validation study results have varied. The Tolerance of Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy in the Elderly study sought to evaluate the CARG score prospectively in a chemotherapy-naïve UK population.

Methods and analysis

This multicentre, prospective, observational study recruited patients aged ≥65 years commencing first-line chemotherapy for any solid organ malignancy or setting. Baseline demographics and established frailty measures were recorded. Follow-up data including toxicity and hospital admissions were collected retrospectively. Baseline CARG score predictive ability was assessed.

Results

339 patients were recruited from 19 centres; median age 73 years (range 65–92), 51.9% male and 54.9% gastrointestinal primary. At baseline, 85% of patients were of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0–1, with median Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) 3 (range 0–8).

314 (92.6%) patients had follow-up data; 69 (22.3%) patients experienced Common Terminology for Cancer Adverse Events grade ≥3 toxicity and 84 (27%) required hospital admission during treatment.

Increasing CARG risk groups had increased grade ≥3 toxicity (low 19.6%, medium 22.2%, high 28.2%); however, this was non-significant with no evidence of robust predictive performance. Predictive performance of CFS and ECOG PS was superior to CARG. Importantly, patient and clinician perceptions of toxicity risk differed significantly.

Conclusions

In older UK patients with cancer commencing chemotherapy, baseline frailty was prevalent. CARG score did not robustly discriminate or predict high-grade toxicity risk. ECOG and CFS showed superior, although limited, ability to predict and discriminate. This study highlights the need for the development of tools that better predict toxicity in this population.
Sabatolimab in combination with spartalizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma who received prior treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a phase 2 multicentre study
Authors: Lin Chia-Chi , Curigliano Giuseppe , Santoro Armando , Kim Dong-Wan , Tai David , Hodi F Stephen , Wilgenhof Sofie , Doi Toshihiko , Sabatos-Peyton Catherine , Szpakowski Sebastian , Chitnis Shripad , Xyrafas Alexandros , Gutzwiller Sabine , Pastore Alessandro , Mach Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the safety/efficacy of sabatolimab plus spartalizumab in patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design, setting and participants

This is a phase 1–1b/2, open-label, multinational, multicentre study of patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma or NSCLC with ≥1 measurable lesion.

Interventions

Patients were given sabatolimab 800 mg every 4 weeks plus spartalizumab 400 mg every 4 weeks until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression and/or treatment discontinuation.

Outcome measures

The phase 2 primary outcome measure was overall response rate and secondary objectives included evaluation of the safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of sabatolimab in combination with spartalizumab.

Results

33 patients (melanoma n=16, NSCLC n=17) received sabatolimab plus spartalizumab. 31 (94%) experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE); 15 (46%) experienced grade 3/4 events. The most frequent grade ≥3 AEs for NSCLC were anaemia, dyspnoea and pneumonia (each n=2, 12%); for patients with melanoma, the most frequent grade ≥3 AEs were physical health deterioration, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, pathological fracture and tumour invasion (each n=1; 6%). One (3%) patient discontinued treatment due to AE. Stable disease was seen in three patients with melanoma (19%) and six patients with NSCLC (35%). Median progression-free survival was 1.8 (90% CI 1.7 to 1.9) and 1.7 (90% CI 1.1 to 3.4) months for patients with melanoma and NSCLC, respectively. Patients with stable disease had higher expression levels of CD8, LAG3, programmed death-ligand 1 and anti-T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 at baseline. The pharmacokinetics profile of sabatolimab was consistent with the phase 1 study.

Conclusions

Sabatolimab plus spartalizumab was well tolerated in patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma or NSCLC who had progressed following antiprogrammed death-1/antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 treatment. Limited antitumour activity was observed. The tolerability of sabatolimab administration supports the potential to explore treatment with sabatolimab in various combination regimens and across a spectrum of tumour types.

Trial registration number

NCT02608268.
Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for residual low back pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Liu Xuhao , Liu Hongyan , Dong Yuanwei , Yang Xiaolong , Zou Jinwen , Ren Liangjuan , Liao Tiannan , Gou Xin
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common complication in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Despite undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) treatment, a significant percentage of OVCF patients (1.8% to 31.9%) continue to experience residual low back pain. While acupuncture has shown promise in relieving this pain, there is currently no systematic review on its efficacy specifically for residual low back pain after PKP in OVCF patients. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for this condition.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive search will be conducted, including manual and electronic searches of literature published. Various databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, China National Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wan-fang Database will be explored. Additional sources like bibliographies and meeting minutes will also be searched. All randomised controlled clinical trials related to acupuncture for treating residual low back pain after PKP in OVCF patients will be included. Two researchers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome measure will be pain relief assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) or other validated scales. Secondary outcomes include effectiveness, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), quality of life questionnaire (QUALEFFO-41), follow-up relapse rate and adverse events. If feasible, a meta-analysis using RevMan V.5.3 software will be conducted. Otherwise, descriptive or subgroup analyses will be performed. Database searches will commence after the publication of this agreement, with an estimated commencement date of 1 August 2024.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required since this review does not involve individual patient data. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023478838.
‘I’ve just heard that there are people who feel like they need to exercise’: a photo-elicitation study of values and priorities influencing physical activity in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in Uppsala, Sweden
Authors: Engelbrektsson Louise , Ottesen Hedda , Daivadanam Meena , Matta Laran , Alvesson Helle Mølsted
Published: August 2024

Objective

People living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Sweden engage less in physical activity compared with the general population, contributing to an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. To inform targeted and effective public health interventions, understanding residents’ lived experiences is essential. This study sought to understand the values and priorities associated with physical activity by people living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in Region Uppsala, Sweden, informing a public health intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases and promote healthy and active living.

Design

The study employed a photo-elicitation methodology, combining participants’ photographs with semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting

A socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in the city of Uppsala, Sweden, characterised by a large proportion of households with low income, a large percentage of individuals living on economic aid, high unemployment rates, low educational attainment and high levels of poor health.

Participants

A total of 15 participants (8 women and 7 men) were purposively sampled between February and August 2023 and recruited via fieldwork, social media and local stakeholders.

Results

Participants described challenging conditions for physical activity, including conflicting values and priorities between themselves and the local authorities. Four main areas emerged as sources of tension; difficulties influencing decision-making processes affecting the neighbourhood, unmet needs of gender-separated physical activity spaces, discrepancy between the perceived pressure and individual motivation to be active, and their perception of health being solely an individualised responsibility, but their need of support.

Conclusions

This study underscores the importance of understanding and navigating the values and priorities influencing physical activity among residents in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood, when designing public health interventions. Findings reveal that residents’ needs for being physically active are not met by the authorities who are perceived to have different priorities, and that the lack of influence of citizen voices undermines trust in the local authorities.
Prostaglandin analogues signal detection by data mining in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Contreras-Salinas Homero , Romero-López María Soledad , Olvera-Montaño Oscar , Rodríguez-Herrera Lourdes Yolotzin
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to identify safety signals of ophthalmic prostaglandin analogues through data mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods

A data mining search by proportional reporting ratio, reporting OR, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, information component 0.25 and χ2for safety signals detection was conducted to the FAERS database for the following ophthalmic medications: latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost and bimatoprost.

Results

12 preferred terms were statistically associated: diabetes mellitus, n=2; hypoacusis, n=2; malignant mediastinal neoplasm, n=1; blood immunoglobulin E increased, n=1; cataract, n=1; blepharospasm, n=1; full blood count abnormal, n=1; skin exfoliation, n=1; chest discomfort, n=1; and dry mouth, n=1.

Limitation of the study

The FAERS database’s limitations, such as the undetermined causality of cases, under-reporting and the lack of restriction to only health professionals reporting this type of event, could modify the statistical outcomes. These limitations are particularly relevant in the context of ophthalmic drug analysis, as they can affect the accuracy and reliability of the data, potentially leading to biased or incomplete results.

Conclusions

Our findings have revealed a potential relationship due to the biological plausibility among malignant mediastinal neoplasm, full blood count abnormal, blood immunoglobulin E increased, diabetes mellitus, blepharospasm, cataracts, chest discomfort and dry mouth; therefore, it is relevant to continue investigating the possible drug-event association, whether to refute the safety signal or identify a new risk.