bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF RECIPE FACTORS ON STRENGTHS CHARACTERISTICS OF BASALT FIBER CONCRETE
Authors: Nazhuev M. , Samofalova M. , El'shaeva D. , Zherebtsov Y. , Dotsenko N. , Kurbanov N. , Efimov I.
Published: July 2021

Today, dispersed-reinforced concrete is a promising structural building material. In order to improve the strength characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete, authors studies the effect of prescription factors, namely the percentage of fiber reinforcement and the percentage of coarse aggregate fractions. In total, 18 series of basic samples of standard size are manufactured and tested: 27 cubes with dimensions of 100x100x100 mm for compression tests; 27 prisms with dimensions 100x100x400 mm for tensile bending tests. Also, calculations of strength characteristics are carried out depending on recipe factors, the calculations are made by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment - a full-factor experiment (FFE 22). According to the results of the study, the basic regression equations are obtained by the least squares method, which are presented in the form of polynomials of the 2nd degree. It is concluded that the most effective would be the use of basalt fiber in the amount of 4.5 % of the mass of the concrete mixture and the use of a coarse aggregate with a fraction of 5-10 mm in the amount of 40 %, and fractions of 10-20 mm in the amount 60 %.
ROLE OF GRANULOMETRY OF MIXED BINDERS IN FORMATION OF THEIR MICROSTRUCTURE AND STRENGTH
Authors: Zagorodnyuk L. , Mahortov D.S. , Ryzhikh V. , Sumskoy D. , Dayronas M.
Published: July 2021

A complex system is formed when grinding Portland cement and various mineral fillers. It consists of grains of various sizes with a predominance of a highly dispersed phase. The work investigates the effect of mixed binders prepared on the basis of Portland cement and volcanic ash at various dosages. The analysis of volcanic ash particles is carried out. It is found that the presence of the smallest fractions in the range from 0.3 to 0.07 microns predicts active interaction in the system and the filling of the pore space with hydration products. It has been established that mixed binders obtained by mechanical mixing (without grinding) with a content of 10% volcanic ash have a strength 13% higher than no addition cement. Mixed binders activated by milling in a vibration mill with a volcanic ash content of 10% are characterized by an increase in compressive strength by 22%, which saves Portland cement by up to 10%. Mixed binders with a volcanic ash content of 20% correspond to the strength of cement free. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of using volcanic ash as a mineral component of mixed binders. The microstructure of a cement stone sample from an activated mixed binder is highly homogeneous, dense intergrown plates of a secondary hydrosilicate structure are clearly visible in the sample cleavage, and crystalline products of pozzolanic reactions between ash particles and cement hydration products are formed on the surfaces of secondary hydrosilicate structures. The purpose of this article is to study the role of granulometry of mixed binders in the formation of their microstructure and strength.
SCYLINE OF THE HISTORIC CITY CENTER: ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE VALUE AND PROTECTION (THE SAINT PETERSBURG EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Nazarova A. , Mishagina D.
Published: July 2021

The architectural appearance of historical cities is transforming over time. The elements and characteristics of the historical urban environment being preserved for future generations support the ideas about the values of the urban landscape and contribute to the continuous development of its artistic image. The protection of architectural and urban heritage is provided by a set of normative, legal documents and documents of socio-economic and spatial planning. At the present stage of the development of domestic legislation, a new "tool" for the comprehensive protection of the historical environment is being developed and implemented. It is the status of "historical settlement", within the boundaries of which the entire set of valuable elements and parameters of the historical environment is subject of protection. To date, the selection criteria and the mechanism for the protection of elements presenting the subject of protection of a historical settlement have not been developed. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the skyline organization of the historic center of St. Petersburg. It includes recommendations for improving the system of regulation of urban planning activities in order to preserve the skyline and composition of historical buildings as components of the subject of protection of historical settlements. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the skyline organization of buildings and impact factors, proposals for the protection of the skyline can be included in the system of requirements for land use and urban planning regulations within the boundaries of zones of protection of cultural heritage properties, as well as within the boundaries of the territory of a historical settlement.
SELFIE-ARCHITECTURE OF TYUMEN
Authors: Lukash A. , Panfilov A.
Published: July 2021

Architecture is an integral part human life. It influences the psyche and health of people, causing certain associations. Architectural objects are often captured through the lens of cameras. Selfie culture has become a powerful tool for promoting new meanings and designing modern public spaces. The need for selfie backgrounds is increasing. This encourages artists and architects to create interesting solutions for urban space. There are examples of urban street art in many cities around the world and in Russia. In Tyumen, there are memorable objects for visitors and its residents, which in turn are urban landmarks and are responsible for the strategic and economic development of the city. They are recognizable, stand out against the background of a monotonous environment and help to navigate the urban landscape. As a result of conducted research, the nformation is obtained on the most popular places for photos in the city of Tyumen. Territories can be divided into the following categories: environment, object and background. An architectural structure that meets all the criteria and is a key symbol of the city is selected from the objects considered. The selfie architecture of Tyumen is an integral part of the culture of today. However, at the moment in Tyumen there are no popular truly utilitarian spaces intended only for photos as it happens in other cities.
MODERN DESIGN CONDITIONS AND COMPONENTS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Chechel' I.
Published: July 2021

Today, large-scale programs for the construction of general education facilities are being implement-ed in the country. The Russian architecture of general educational buildings is gradually moving away from the standard architectural solutions approved by practice. This is influenced by the condi-tions of the current stage in the development of the state and society, and the tasks for the formation of an individual and a new generation of citizens. An analysis of the works of modern Russian architects suggests that the country has begun and is steadily gaining momentum in the process of forming the architecture of a new generation of school buildings. According to the author, the process is under the influence of a number of objective conditions. They are: the need to provide cost-effective architectur-al solutions of the design documentation for the mass construction of an object of General education in Russia; the continuation of the traditions of the author's architectural design for the public sector in education and the growing influence of the architecture of the non-public (private) sector to create innovative school buildings of the new generation; the impact of the reform processes in the field of pedagogical technologies in the system of General education and in solving complex issues of security and anti-terrorist protection of the object of General education on the formation of architecture of the school building; the operation of the object of General education in Emergency situation ( pandemic) and transition to the information society in the era of digitalization,; the enforcement of Federal laws of the Russian Federation in the field of safety of object of General education. Based on the identified conditions, a new systematization of the components of the architectural concept is proposed and the principles necessary for the creation of a general education building that marks the end of time are formulated.
Impacto da automedicação de fármacos benzodiazepínicos / Impact of self-medication of benzodiazepine drugs
Authors: Rivera Juan Gonzalo Bardález , Duarte Fernanda Chaves Marques , Da Silva Rosely Ribeiro Cassiano , Monteiro Sueli Bentes , Guimarães Márcia Cristina Monteiro , Vale Valdicley Vieira
Published: July 2021

A automedicação é o ato que consiste no paciente fazer uso dos fármacos por conta própria sem uma devida prescrição médica, e que nos últimos anos vem se tornando um sério problema de saúde pública. Os psicotrópicos são substancias usadas há milênios e possuem ação hipnóticas, sedativas, ansiolíticas e antidepressivas. Como substancias psicotrópicas constam os fármacos ansiolíticos, dentre os quais, os benzodiazepínicos (BZD). Porém, por se tratarem de fármacos que atuam no SNC seu uso continuo pode acarretar dependência e tolerância. O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer a revisão da literatura, sobre o tema impacto da automedicação de fármacos benzodiazepínicos. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão da literatura integrativa, tendo como descritores as seguintes palavras, saber “automedicação”, “psicotrópicos”, “ansiolíticos” e “efeitos tóxicos”. O período de estudo foi 2011 a 2021, o qual as informações foram coletadas nas bibliotecas on lines. Os resultados achados na revisão resultaram em 3 publicações na base de dados Pubmed, 3 na base Scielo e 3 na Google acadêmico. Concluímos que, a automedicação pode trazer consequências serias a saúde dos indivíduos, e que é um problema sério de saúde pública onde ouve uma prevalência significativa nos últimos anos, fatores que contribuem para isto estão os grandes números de medicamentos produzidos pela indústria farmacêutica, influencia por familiares e a própria cultura, entretanto  a automedicação  produz sérios riscos à saúde podendo gerar intoxicações, os psicotrópicos tem sido  objetos de estudo devido ao grande número de prescrições, não são fármacos de primeira linha no tratamento de transtornos de humor e ansiedade, seus efeitos graves são: alterações  psicomotoras, dependência e tolerância podendo levar ao abuso do uso, mulheres e idosos são os grupos que mais fazem uso desses fármacos.
La generación distribuida y su regulación en el ecuador / The distributed generation and its regulation in ecuador
Authors: Pinargote Denis Fabricio García , Sornoza George Joselo Benítez , Pérez Antonio Vázquez , Gámez María Rodríguez
Published: July 2021

La población mundial está sufriendo las consecuencias del uso indiscriminado de combustibles fósiles. Esta amenaza ha hecho que muchos gobiernos reformen su marco regulatorio para dar paso a la introducción de nuevas tecnologías amigables con el medio ambiente. La generación distribuida está considerada en la planificación energética del Ecuador y en este sentido la provisión de energía está garantizada en la constitución, dando paso a la creación de un marco regulatorio que propicie el establecimiento de políticas que en materia energética garanticen la sostenibilidad, es por ello la importancia del trabajo. El objetivo consiste en ofrecer un análisis crítico relacionado con el marco regulatorio energético del Ecuador, que en los últimos años se ha dirigido a elevar la participación de las fuentes renovables de energía, para reducir la dependencia del petróleo en la generación de electricidad. El trabajo es de tipo descriptivo y se utilizó el método inductivo-deductivo para obtener los resultados partiendo del razonamiento lógico mediante el análisis de la información disponible, para establecer los elementos conceptuales a partir de la situación real y conocer el estado actual de las leyes y normas que rigen la gestión energética en el Ecuador y llegar a conclusiones concretas sobre el tema estudiado. El desarrollo de la investigación permitió concluir, que existe la necesidad de reformar legalmente el marco regulatorio del País en materia energética, de manera que se garantice un desarrollo equilibrado en la participación de las fuentes renovables aplicadas en el modo de la generación distribuida, como garantía del desarrollo sostenible de los territorios.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chemical Compounds Derived From Benzohydrazide and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Alizadeh Maryam , Kariminik Ashraf , Akbari Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a major health problem in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted to find new antimicrobial agents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial activities of benzohydrazide derivatives. Methods: Manganese hydrogen sulfate choline chloride was applied in a simple method for synthesizing benzohydrazide derivatives. Antibacterial activities of the derivatives were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, diphtheroids, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined employing 1 H/13C NMR and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The reactions were carried out in choline chloride dissolved in water at room temperature. Results: The results of this study showed that benzohydrazide derivatives had very desired antibacterial activities against the assessed bacteria. Conclusions: Further investigations are required to assess the safety and efficacy of benzohydrazide derivatives as antibacterial agents in vivo and in vitro.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Matricaria chamomilla, Malva cylvestris, and Capsella bursa-pastoris against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains
Authors: Poudineh Fatemeh , Ahani Azari Ania , Fozouni Leila
Published: July 2021

Background: This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Malva sylvestris, and Capsella bursa-pastoris against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The plants were collected from Ziarat village of Gorgan, Iran in April 2019. The required parts of the plants were separated and completely dried in the shade. After grinding, extraction was performed by maceration method. The extract was dried at 37°C for 24 hours. To obtain a concentration of 50 mg/mL of each extract, 500 mg of the dried plant extract was dissolved in 10 mL 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane filter. For the antibacterial assay, agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used. Results: Based on the results, ethanolic extracts of M. sylvestris and Capsella bursa-pastoris did not show any antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates in both antibacterial assays. No inhibitory effect was observed for ethanolic extract of chamomile against P. aeruginosa isolates in agar well diffusion method as well. In broth microdilution method, the extract of chamomile leaves showed inhibitory effect and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as 12.5 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, the extract of ethanolic chamomile leaves showed antibacterial activity against the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Thus, it can be used in the production of antibacterial agents, and it is a good option for protection against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as P. aeruginosa.
Removal of Lead Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using Melamine-Modified Nano Graphene Oxide
Authors: Parsa Nazanin , Rezai Hassan
Published: July 2021

Today, due to the industrialization of societies, the existence of heavy metals has created many problems for humans, other organisms, and the environment. Lead (Pb) is highly toxic and the second most commonly used metal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of melamine-modified nanographene oxide in the removal of Pb from aqueous media. To increase the efficiency of graphene oxide, it was mechanically converted to nano graphene oxide and melamine (4, 2 and 6-triazine, 3, 1 and 5 triamine). Experiments were performed at pH value of 3-8, temperature of 15-50°C, Pb concentration of 5-200 mg/g, adsorbent dose of 0.01-0.06 g, and contact time of 15- 150 minutes. The mechanism of the adsorption process was investigated using two Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic equations, and thermodynamic equations. The results showed that the adsorption rate corresponds to the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic equation. Thermodynamic studies also showed that the adsorption process is associated with increasing irregularities and it is endothermic. In constant conditions (pH of 6, contact time of 60 minutes, ambient temperature of 22°C, Pb concentration of 20 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 0.01 g), the adsorption capacity was 191.65 mg/g. The highest adsorption occurs at the concentration of 5 mg/L and the highest adsorption capacity and removal percentage was observed at a concentration of 200 mg/L, which were 1896.3 mg/g and 98.8%, respectively. Due to the high adsorption capacity, the adsorbent was able to remove lead from the contaminated environment.
Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones Carried by Medical Staff in Maternity, Neonatal, and ICU Wards of Shahid Beheshti and Imam Sajjad Hospitals in Yasuj
Authors: Heydari Maryam , Ehsani Fatemeh , Naghmachi Mohsen , Salari Mehdi , Noorisepehr Mohammad , Moradnia Maryam , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad , Bazmeh Asiyeh
Published: July 2021

The use of mobile phones by healthcare personnel, doctors, patients, and patients’ companions are unavoidable in health centers, especially in hospitals. Besides being rarely clean, the mobile phone is a potential reservoir of disease and pathogens and hospital infections on bedside of hospitalized patients. In this study, the microbial contamination of mobile phones and potential of transmitting infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern were investigated. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was prepared to assess the importance of maternity, neonatal, and intensive care unit (ICU) staff attention to how to use and clean the cell phones in terms of valid sources. Samples were taken from 116 cell phones using a sterile swab. The standard plate count was used to detect the existing bacteria, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by standard methods. The microbial culture experiments indicated that 107 cell phones had microbial contamination, accounting for 92.24% of mobile phones. From 132 isolated strains, 115 strains (87.12%) were gram-positive while 17 were Gram-negative (12.88%). Furthermore, 67 (57.76%), 9 (7.7%), 4 (3.45%), 10 (8.62%), 12 (10.35%), 22 (19%), and 8 (6.9%) strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli, respectively. The results of this study indicated that cell phones were contaminated with different types of bacteria, and that all species isolated partially played an important role in the development of hospital-acquired and opportunistic infections. Therefore, continuous disinfection of mobile phones and non-use or limited use of them in the hospitals are recommended.
DR-5 and DLL-4 mAb Functionalized SLNs of Gamma-Secretase Inhibitors- An Approach for TNBC Treatment
Authors: Kumari Mamta , Krishnamurthy Praveen T. , Pinduprolu Sai kiran S. S. , Sola Piyongsola
Published: July 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and heterogeneous cancer subtypes. High rates of metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance are the major problems associated with TNBC. The current chemotherapeutics eliminate only the bulk tumor cells (non-BCSCs) and do not affect breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The BCSCs which are left behind after chemotherapy is reported to promote recurrence and metastasis of TNBC. Death receptor-5 (DR-5) is exclusively expressed in TNBCs and mediates the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. DR-5, therefore, can be exploited for targeted drug delivery and to induce apoptosis. Gamma-secretase mediated Notch signaling in BCSCs regulates its proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. The endogenous ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), is reported to activate this Notch signaling in TNBC. Blocking this signaling pathway using both gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and DLL4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) may produce synergistic benefits. Further, the GSIs (DAPT, LY-411575, RO4929097, MK0752, etc.) suffer from poor bioavailability and off-target side effects such as diarrhea, suppression of lymphopoiesis, headache, hypertension, fatigue, and ventricular dysfunctions. In this hypothesis, we discuss Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based drug delivery systems containing GSIs and surface modified with DR-5 and DLL4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to effectivity target and treat TNBC. The delivery system is designed to deliver the drug cargo precisely to TNBCs through its DR-5 receptors and hence expected to reduce the off-target side effects of GSIs. Further, DLL4 mAb and GSIs are expected to act synergistically to block the Notch signal mediated BCSCs proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis.
Physical Characterization and Biodistribution of Cisplatin Loaded in Surfactant Modified-Hybrid Nanoparticles Using Polyethylene Oxide-b-Polymethacrylic Acid
Authors: Miatmoko Andang
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Conjugating cisplatin into hybrid nanoparticles is intended to enhance tumor accumulation in cancer therapy due to drug interaction with polymer and prevent premature drug release because of the presence of a lipid layer. Methods: Hybrid nanoparticles composed of polyethylene oxide-b-polymethacrylic acid, egg phosphatidylcholine, and surfactant, i.e. sodium cholate/sodium deoxycholate/Tween 80, were prepared by the injection method. Cisplatin was subsequently loaded by incubating the polymer-drug mixtures at the molar ratio of carboxylate ions of 2:1. Results: The results showed that the addition of surfactants produced particle sizes between 33 and 52 nm. The addition of cisplatin increased the ζ-potential to slightly positive charges with encapsulation efficiencies of 5%-18%. An in vivo biodistribution study of mice identified a cisplatin plasma concentration of sodium cholate-modified hybrid nanoparticles 10 times higher than cisplatin solution, thus producing high tumor accumulation. Conclusion: Conjugating cisplatin into sodium cholate-modified hybrid nanoparticles improves its accumulation in tumors.
Renin Angiotensin System and Covid-19 Infection
Authors: Ferrara Francesco , Vitiello Antonio
Published: July 2021

Purpose The new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the recent global pandemic COVID-19. The status of the global pandemic COVID-19 is currently underway, and the virus has caused about 1.11 million deaths. Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are in phase 3 clinical trials. Pending the availability of safe and effective vaccines, pharmacological treatments are experimental and aimed at avoiding the most serious complications of the infection. Methods This article explores and describes the scientific evidence in the literature and the scientific pharmacological and molecular rationale to consider drugs that modulate the RAS system as therapeutic agents that if administered appropriately can help the host organism to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results It is known from the 2003 SARS epidemic that the critical receptor for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE2), the strain involved in the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is similar to the SARS-CoV strain involved in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. ACE-2 is part of the RAS system, the modulation of this enzyme could be of therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion Depending on pharmacological knowledge, and epidemiological evidence in the literature based on current knowledge of the mechanism of penetration of SARS-CoV-2 in cells, and the role of ACE-2 in the inflammatory state of infection, therapeutic treatments that modulate RAS could be a weapon to fight COVID-19 infection.
Targeting Mitochondrial and Brain Injury Markers in Acquired Brain Injuries: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study with Melatonin
Authors: Hakiminia Bahareh , Alikiaii Babak , Khorvash Fariborz , Mousavi Sarah
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage is the main event in acquired brain injuries (ABI). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, on mitochondrial and brain injury markers, and the clinical outcomes of patients with ABI. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, intensive care unit (ICU) or neurology patients with ABI (n=60) received melatonin (21 mg/day) or placebo tablets, within the first 72 hours of injury onset for five days. As a primary endpoint, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), S100B and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared at baseline, and after five days’ intervention. Secondary endpoints included assessment of Glasgow Coma Scale and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (at the end of day 5), Rancho Los Amigos Revised Scale and modified Rankin Scale (at the end of month 3), the duration of mechanical ventilation, the lengths of ICU and hospital stays, and in-hospital and three-month mortality. Results: There were no significant effects of melatonin on the primary and secondary outcomes. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant reduction in S100B in patients with non-traumatic brain injuries, receiving melatonin versus placebo (p: 0.016). Conclusion: This study showed that melatonin supplementation in the early phase of brain injury had no significant effects on the injury markers and clinical outcomes of patients with ABI. However, it reduced the level of S100B in the non-traumatic subgroup. Further larger-scale studies are needed to determine the effects of melatonin on the ABI and its subgroups.
Curcumin Prevents Epithelial-to Mesenchymal Transition-Mediated Ovarian Cancer Progression through NRF2/ETBR/ET-1 Axis and Preserves Mitochondria Biogenesis in Kidney after Cisplatin Administration
Authors: Barinda Agian Jeffilano , Arozal Wawaimuli , Sandhiutami Ni Made Dwi , Louisa Melva , Arfian Nur , Sandora Normalina , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the gynaecological malignancies that have the highest mortality rates due to its progressivity. Endothelin signalling plays a leading role in the progression of ovarian cancer through Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Cisplatin commonly used as potent chemotherapy; however, its application hindered by its nephrotoxic effect. Curcumin, a turmeric-derived compound, has an anticancer property, as well as a renal protective effect. Moreover, curcumin augments the affinity of the antioxidant enzyme, while inhibits endothelin-1 (ET-1) signalling. The effects of curcumin on ovarian cancer progression and cisplatin-induced kidney injury remain unknown. Methods: Curcumin was used as a supplementary therapy together with cisplatin in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell line (SKOV3) and also in rodent-induced ovarian cancer. The kidney phenotype in the ovarian cancer rat model after cisplatin ± curcumin administration will also be analyzed Results: Co-treatment of cisplatin with curcumin enhanced the expression of a gene involved in apoptosis in association with NRF2 enhancement, thus activated ETBR-mediated ET-1 clearance in SKOV3 cell and ovarian cancer model in rat. Moreover, curcumin treatment improved mitochondria biogenesis markers such as PGC-1α and TFAM and prevented the elevated of ET-1-mediated renal fibrosis and apoptosis in kidney isolated from cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer rat. Conclusion: Curcumin could be potentially added as an anticancer adjuvant with protective effects in the kidney; thus, improves the efficacy and safety of cisplatin treatment in the clinical setting.
High Sensitivity Troponin T as Complementary Modality for Determining Doxorubicin Regimen Cardiotoxicity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Prayogo Ami Ashariati , Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Savitri Merlyna , Hendrata Winona May , Wijaya Andi Yasmin , Pikir Budi Susetyo
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the role of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) as a complementary tool for determining cardiotoxicity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) regimen chemotherapy. Methods: We included 35 patients diagnosed with NHL who received CHOP chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and hsTnT were measured at two time points: before the first cycle (pre-test) and after the fourth cycle (post-test). The LVEF and hsTnT were analysed using IBM SPSS version 24 through the paired-sample T-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s correlation. Results: There was a significant difference in both LVEF and hsTnT between pre-chemotherapy and post-4th chemotherapy cycles (p = 0.001). However, more contrast difference from the baseline value of hsTnT compared to LVEF could be observed. LVEF did not detect any deterioration in myocardial function. However, 10 out of 35 subjects exhibit hsTnT higher than the 99th percentile of the population (>14 pg/ml), suggesting that myocardial injury (MI) could be detected. There was no correlation between LVEF and hsTnT (p > 0.05). Conclusion: HsTnT, together with LVEF, could complement each other and offer better coverage for detecting cardiotoxicity during the administration of CHOP in NHL patients. An insignificant correlation between hsTnT and LVEF showed that cardiotoxicity existed in a broad spectrum including cellular damage and functional impairment, as hsTnT represents cellular damage, and LVEF reflects heart functional capacity.
Restoration of miRNA-143 Expression Inhibits Growth and Migration of MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Hosseinahli Nayer , Zeinali Tahereh , Hosseinahli Nasrin , Karimi Leila , Shanehbandi Dariush , Mansoori Behzad , Mohammadi Ali , Kazemi Tohid , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Baradaran Behzad
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of death from diseases, especially in developing countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of the messenger RNAs expression. Among these miRNAs, MiR-143 is a tumor suppressor miRNA and its irregular expression has been revealed in a diversity of malignancies such as GC. Methods: In this study, we have attempted to restore the miR-143 expression in MKN-45 cells by introducing pCMV-miR-143 plasmid vectors. The consequences of exogenous expression of miR-143 on cell proliferation and migration were assessed by MTT and scratch tests, respectively. In addition, the DAPI staining assay was applied for apoptosisquantification. Following miR-143 transfection, the changes in K-Ras, C-Myc, MMP9, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 mRNA levels were assessed. Results: The results indicated that the enhanced expression of miR-143 had negative effects on MKN-45 cells proliferation and invasion. Moreover, decreased expressions of K-Ras, MMP9, and C-Myc and up-regulation of Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 as downstream targets of miR-143 were recognized. Conclusion: These experimental results indicate that reversing the miR-143 expression, by novel techniques, including miRNA replacement could be considered as an efficient approach to reduce cell survival and metastasis.
Bioorganometallic Compounds as Novel Drug Targets against Schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: An alternative to Praziquantel?
Authors: Ndamse Cuma Cumisa , Masamba Priscilla , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: July 2021

Human schistosomiasis is a disease that mostly plagues the destitute of various tropical and sub-tropical countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. It has significant effects on various health and economic-related matters. Globally, the burden of schistosomiasis has been controlled with a single chemotherapeutic drug, Praziquantel, which has recently demonstrated several clinical issues, including its inability to destroy juvenile schistosome worms and drug resistance because of its extensive use. The use of organometallic moieties in biological and medicinal chemistry has developed greatly and has led to their use in various anti-cancer and anti-infectious agents. The abundance of a range of organometallic compounds that can cause damage to the parasite has received tremendous feedback, with many already at clinical trials. The distinct redox biology of the schistosome parasite is a vulnerable element to the survival of the worm and has steered attempts toward the use of redox-directed bioorganometallic compounds. Disruption of the schistosome redox homeostasis through organometallic ions provides a novel drug target that could be used in overcoming the drawbacks of the mainstream drug and one that could possibly bypass the emergence of drug resistance.
Lectins Are the Sparkle of Hope for Combating Coronaviruses and the Global COVID 19
Authors: Abbas Heba S. , K Muddukrishnaiah
Published: July 2021

Today the crisis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a threat worldwide because it is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality. Besides, it possesses a destroying impact on countries’ economies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for hard research work and global collaboration to find a potential therapy. In this review, structural genomic variations in COVID 19 and further therapeutic options of Coronaviridae family or COVID 19 are expressed. Lectins are natural proteins, which can exist in algae, higher plants, banana, actinomycetes, fungi, and archaea, and they have antiviral properties. Griffithsin lectin, isolated from red algae, has noteworthy efﬁcacy against lethal SARS-CoV infection, human coronaviruses, and other animal coronaviruses. Furthermore, all mannose-specific plant lectins have anti-coronaviruses properties except for garlic lectins. However, lectins from mushrooms can act as immunomodulators by activating T-lymphocyte or stimulating dendrites or cytokines. The lectin may hinder glucans on viral spike protein and prevent entry and the virus's release. Lectin's anti-coronavirus activities include a glimmer of hope to tackle the global COVID 19 crisis and inspire more scientific work on carbohydrate-binding agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Comparative Stability of Two Anti-Hyperpigmentation Agents: Kojic Acid as a Natural Metabolite and Its Di-Palmitate Ester, Under Oxidative Stress; Application to Pharmaceutical Formulation Design
Authors: Tazesh Sahar , Tamizi Elnaz , Siahi Shadbad Mohammadreza , Mostaghimi Nazli , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Kojic acid a natural metabolite (KA) and its dipalmitate ester, kojic acid dipalmitate (Kadp) are both prescribed to treat skin hyperpigmentation. Stress test reveals the intrinsic stability of active ingredients and leads to selection of the suitable formulations. This research evaluates the comparative stability of KA and its di-palmitate ester under liquid oxidative stress. Methods: The HPLC-UV/PDA method with a C18 column was utilized. Liquid oxidative stress was induced using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Degradation was separately induced for each drug, and they were compared to each other. Results: Kadp degraded more rapidly in similar liquid oxidative stress conditions than KA did. The superior degradation model was the first order for both drugs based on the MPE values, indicating the dependency of the reaction rate on the initial concentration of the reactive substance. Ring opening was proposed as the most possible theory for KA and Kadp oxidative degradation. Conclusion: It is suggested to use KA instead of Kadp in less stable formulations, such as extemporaneous preparations. The incorporation of antioxidant excipients in Kadp formulations is recommended for yielding better stability results. Formulating Kadp in the internal phase of o/w emulsion formulations may protect this susceptive molecule from oxidative degradation during the shelf life of the pharmaceutical preparation. Further studies are required to study the exact mechanism of the degradation process.
Preparation of Azithromycin Nanofibers as Controlled Release Ophthalmic Drug Carriers Using Electrospinning Technique: In-Vitro and in-Vivo Characterization
Authors: Taghe Shiva , Mehrandish Saba , Mirzaeei Shahla
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Conventional topical dosage forms face with some challenges like low intraocular bioavailability, which could be overcome by application of novel drug delivery systems. Therefore, this study was conducted to prepare azithromycin (AZM)-loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (CS/PVA-PVP) nanofibers with the prolonged antibacterial activity by electrospinning method. Methods: After preparation of nanofibers, they were characterized in terms of physicochemical and morphological properties. In-vitro and in –vivo release of the drug from nanofibers were evaluated using microbial assay against the Micrococcus luteus. Antibacterial efficacy of the nanofibers was assessed. The ophthalmic irritation test was also performed. MTT test was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity of the formulations. Results: All the formulations were found to be stable with uniform thickness, weight, and drug content. Nanofibers had a diameter range from 119±29 to 171±39 nm. The inserts were non-irritant and non-toxic to the rabbits҆ eye. Based on the obtained results, the crosslinked AZM nanofibers showed slower and more controlled drug release in tear fluid compared to the non-crosslinked ones, within 184 h. Conclusion: Our results revealed that the prepared nanofibers could be considered as suitable and non-invasive inserts for the prolonged ophthalmic delivery of azithromycin.
The Combined Thermoresponsive Cell-Imprinted Substrate, Induced Differentiation, and "KLC Sheet" Formation
Authors: Keyhanvar Neda , Zarghami Nosratollah , Seifalian Alexander , Keyhanvar Peyman , Sarvari Rana , Salehi Roya , Rahbarghazi Reza , Ranjkesh Mohammadreza , Akbarzadeh Molood , Mahdipour Mahdi , Nouri Mohamamd
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Stem cells can exhibit restorative effects with the commitment to functional cells. Cell-imprinted topographies provide adaptable templates and certain dimensions for the differentiation and bioactivity of stem cells. Cell sheet technology using the thermo-responsive polymers detaches the "cell sheets" easier with less destructive effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we aim to dictate keratinocyte-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by using combined cell imprinting and sheet technology. Methods: We developed the poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) substrate having keratinocyte cell-imprinted topography grafted with the PNIPAAm polymer. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) were cultured on PDMS substrate for 14 days and keratinocyte-like differentiation monitored via the expression of involucrin, P63, and cytokeratin 14. Results: Data showed the efficiency of the current protocol in the fabrication of PDMS molds. The culture of AT-MSCs induced typical keratinocyte morphology and up-regulated the expression of cytokeratin-14, Involucrin, and P63 compared to AT-MSCs cultured on the plastic surface (p<0.05). Besides, KLC sheets were generated once slight changes occur in the environment temperature. Conclusion: These data showed the hypothesis that keratinocyte cell imprinted substrate can orient AT-MSCs toward KLCs by providing a specific niche and topography.
Recombinant Expression and Biophysical Characterization of a Druggable Schistosoma mansoni Universal Stress G4LZI3 Protein
Authors: Adenowo Abiola Fatimah , Masamba Priscilla , Qokoyi Ndibonani Kebonang , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Universal stress protein from S. mansoni, designated as G4LZI3, was previously hypothesised as a druggable target and vaccine candidate for human schistosomiasis. The purpose of this study is to characterize a purified recombinant G4LZI3 preliminarily for subsequent structural characterisation, which will provide baseline structural data for future functional studies for the discovery, design and development of new schistosomal drugs for the treatment, control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods: Restriction digest analysis of a GenScript-synthesised codon-optimised G4LZI3 gene construct was carried out to ascertain its integrity and size. Thereafter, the pQE30-G4LZI3 construct was transformed into an M15 bacterial expression host. Transformed cells were induced with isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside for recombinant protein expression of an appreciable amount of pQE30-G4LZI3, which was subsequently purified with fast protein liquid chromatography and a size exclusion chromatographic purification scheme. Preliminary biophysical characterisation of the 6X His-tagged G4LZI3 was done to determine its secondary structure characteristics and protein stability. Results: A molecular weight protein of 20.3 kDa was confirmed subsequent to restriction digest analysis, while heterologous protein expression yielded a highly soluble and considerable amount of histidine-tagged G4LZI3 protein, which was successfully purified to homogeneity. Biophysical characterisation indicated that the protein was well folded, heat-stable, had the functional groups and secondary structure composition required and was thus amenable to further structural characterisation and determination. Conclusion: Biophysical characterisation of purified G4LZI3 showed that further structural studies can be embarked upon on the use of G4LZI3 as a druggable target and possibly a vaccine target against schistosomiasis via vaccinomics.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonist NPS-2143 Inhibits Breast Cancer cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion via Downregulation of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and Integrin β1 and Induces Caspase 3/7 Activation
Authors: Alqudah Mohammad A Y , Azaizeh Marwah , Zayed Aref , Asaad Leen
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been associated with breast cancer metastasis to the bone. Targeting chemoattractant factors, such as calcium, that are released in response to bone resorption could prevent metastasis and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the potential caspase 3/7 activation following treatment with a CaSR antagonist, NPS-2143, in breast cancer cells. In addition, the effects of NPS-2143 on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed. Methods: Colorimetric MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Apo-one homogeneous caspase-3/7 assay was used to measure caspase 3/7 activities in breast cancer cells. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using scratch wound assay and matrigel invasion chambers, respectively. The protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, integrin β1 and Bcl-2 were evaluated using western blotting. Results: Our study revealed that NPS-2143 significantly reduced cell proliferation with half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.08 and 5.71 µM in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. NPS-2143 induced caspase 3/7 activation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells which was accompanied with a remarkable reduction in the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein. NPS-2143 suppressed migratory and invasive abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells with a significant reduction in the expression of p-ERK1/2 and integrin β1 proteins. Conclusion: Our study confirms the ability NPS-2143 to suppress proliferative, migratory and invasive effects of breast cancer cells which was accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation and suggests the potential of NPS-2143 as a promising anti-cancer molecule in breast cancer.
Inhibitory Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Codium edule P.C. Silva Against 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)- Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis on Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Mallabo Martin Raemond Brondial , Corpuz Mary Jho - Anne T. , Salonga Reginald B. , Vasquez Ross D.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Sulfated polysaccharide (SP) from Codium species has been reported for its anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of SP from C. edule on allergic responses has not been studied. The study was conducted to determine the effect of SP (F1) from C. edule on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in female BALB/c mice. Methods: F1 was isolated using DEAE Sepharose Gel Chromatography and chemically identified by LC-MS analyses. The effects of F1 on changes in ear thickness, allergic responses, and histology were evaluated. The effects of F1 on the production of inflammatory cytokines IFN- γ and TNF-α in serum were also quantified and compared with standard prednisolone therapy. Results: F1 was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with β-D-galactans and β-L-arabinans units. F1 was non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg. Administration of F1 in DNFB-challenged mice significantly suppressed the increase in ear thickness, erythema, desquamation, and proliferation of inflammatory cells. F1 significantly decreased the production of inflammatory markers, IFN- γ and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the untreated group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that F1 from C. edule is a bioactive sulfated heteropolysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and might be a valuable candidate molecule for the treatment of allergic diseases such as ACD.
A Comparison of Tramadol and Pethidine Analgesia on the Duration of Labour
Authors: Khalil Rozhan Yassin , Faraj Gashbin Kamal
Published: July 2021

Background: A standard obstetric analgesic should have a good analgesic effect without reducing the intensity of uterine contraction. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intramuscular tramadol and pethidine on labor pain and duration. Material and Methods: A total of 170 multigravida women in active labor were randomly assigned to two identical groups, so that 85 pregnant women received pethidine (50mg/2ml) and 85 pregnant women received tramadol (100mg/2ml) intramuscularly. Results: The labor duration in the tramadol group was shorter than in the pethidine group. In 1st stage of labor, 64.7% of the participants in the tramadol group received the drug for 120±30 minutes, while 67.1% in the pethidine group received the drug for 180±30 minutes. In the 2nd stage, 44.7% of the participants in the tramadol group received the drug for 15±5 minutes, while 51.8% in the pethidine group received the drug for 25±5 minutes. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used before, and 1 and 3 hours after drug administration. The pethidine group obtained a lower VAS mean score compared to those in the tramadol group at 1 hour after drug administration (4 vs 6; P≤.001). Moreover, there was a significant higher level of vomiting and dizziness among women in the pethidine group (29.4% vs 1.2%; P≤.001). Conclusion: Tramadol appears to lead to a shorter labor duration and cause lower maternal side-effects, although its analgesic efficacy was not as much as pethidine.