bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shifting Paradigm: From General Anesthesia to Local Anesthesia in Posterior Segment Surgeries
Authors: Riaz Sidrah , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Ahmad Munir , Butt Nadeem Hafeez , Chaudhary Shabana
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the methods of anesthesia in posterior segment surgeries.Study Design: Cross sectional survey.Place and Duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical College, from April 2017 to May 2019.Material and Methods: Two hundred and three patients who underwent posterior segment surgeries wereselected. Average surgery time was 45 minutes under local anesthesia (LA). All patients whose surgery was performed in general anesthesia (GA), had at least 6 hours hospital stay andfour hours nothing by mouth before and after procedure. Patient age, gender, indication for surgery, type of surgery performed and type of anesthesia were noted. Datawas analyzed by using SPSS 25.Results: Total 203 patients were included in study, 122 (60.1%) male and 81 (39.9%) females. Generalanesthesia (GA) was used in 18.2% surgeries and local anesthesia (LA) was opted in 81.8%. Mean age ofpatients who underwent GA was 30.62 years and 51.71 years for LA. Three major indications for LA were retinalattachment surgery 64 (38.6%), vitreous hemorrhage 20 (12%) and endophthalmitis in 12 (7.2%) patients.Indications for surgery under GA were surgery for retinal detachment in 23 (62.2%), endophthalmitis 6 (16.2%)and removal of silicon oil 2 (5.4%). PPV was done in 64.5% patients under LA and 9.8% in GA but all combinedprocedures (PPV and scleral buckling) were done under GA.Conclusion: The local anesthesia is favorable for posterior segment ocular surgeries in term of less hospitalstay, no need of NPO, fast recovery and cost effectiveness
Intra-Operative and Immediate Post-Operative Complications of Cataract Surgery in an Eye Camp
Authors: Mirza Asad Azeem , Al Khairy Saba , Ul-Hassan Mazhar- , Mirza Shahid Azeem , Aslam Saad , Siddique Farnaz
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To analyze the intra-operative and immediate post-operative complications in patients after cataractsurgery in an eye camp.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a village of Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan from 7th to9th of February 2020.Material and Methods: Fifteen hundred patients were screened for visual disabilities of which 150 were selectedfor the study. They had a visual acuity of less than 6/9 in one or both eyes and had a cataract. The selectedpatients were operated using either phacoemulsification, extracapsular cataract extraction ECCE), intracapsularcataract extraction (ICCE) or small incision cataract surgery (SICS). The immediate intra-operative as well aspost-operative complications on day 1 after surgery were observed.Results: One hundred and fifty patients were operated. Age ranged from 14 years to 90 years, males were58.7% and females were 41.3%. The most common procedure performed was phacoemulsification 51.3%,followed by ECCE 30.0%, then SICS 18.0% and ICCE 0.7%. The most common intra-operative complication wasposterior capsule rent and the most common post-operative complication was striate keratopathy which was seenin 14.0% individuals. There was a significant association found for post-operative complications with gender withfemales having more post-operative complications as compared to males (P-value = 0.001 < 0.001).Conclusion: Camp surgeries when performed with strict sterilization and in experienced hands can play animportant role in treating cataract, which is the commonest cause of preventable blindness in developingcountries
Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Chaudhry Nasir , Zahoor Sarmad , Iqbal Usama , Sharif Muhammad Owais , Sharjeel Muhammad , Rafique Asima
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To determine the functional and anatomical outcome of intravitreal Bevacizumab in patients withmacular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.Study Design: Quasi Experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo hospital, Lahore, from February 2016 to December 2018.Material and Methods: Forty eyes of 40 patients with macular edema on OCT secondary to BRVO were included in the study. All the patients suffering from other types of macular edemacaused by diabetes, epi-retinal membrane (ERM), surgery involving posterior segment, vitreoretinal traction andhistory of intravitreal VEGF or steroids were excluded from the study. Intravitreal Bevacizumab was given whenmacular thickness was > 300 μm or Visual acuity was < 6/12. Follow-up was at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month.Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.12 ± 5.63 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Infero-temporalvenous arcade was the most common site of BRVO (55%) followed by supero-temporal (35%) and macularBRVO (10%). Baseline visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 17.5% of the patients at presentation. This proportionincreased to 27.5%, 40%, 52.5% and 67.5% at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Macular thickness measuredat presentation was 540 ± 120 μm. Macular thickness gradually reduced on follow-up. At one month meanmacular thickness was 430 ± 90 μm. It was less than 300 μm after 6 months.Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab results in improved functional and anatomical outcomes in cases ofmacular edema secondary to BRVO.
PENGARUH DIVIDEN PAYOUT RATIO, TINGKAT PERTUMBUHAN, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PERUSAHAAN FARMASI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2017.
Authors: David David , Rahmanto Basuki Toto
Published: July 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of dividend payout ratio, firm size, and company growth rate on the capital structure of pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2013-2017. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling and research sample obtained 9 companies. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Data analysis techniques used are classical assumption test and multiple linear analysis. Based on the results of the analysis shows that the dividend payout ratio does not affect the capital structure, firm size does not affect the capital structure, corporate growth has no effect on capital structure.
TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN KEUANGAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT BADAN LAYANAN UMUM MILIK KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Astuti Indah Kusuma , Hariani Swarmilah
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of financial performance as measured by indicators of current ratio, fixed asset turnover, return on asset and service performance as measured by indicators of bed occupancy ratio, turn over interval, and length of stay on the level of hospital financial independence. Object this research is a public hospital owned by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which has become the Public Service Agency (BLU). This study uses secondary data in 2016-2018.The results of this study indicate that financial performance (current ratio, fixed asset turnover, return on asset) and service performance (bed occupancy ratio, turn over interval, length of stay) together the same have a positive influence and significantly to the independence of the financial hospital measured by the indicator cost recovery rate. Partially, current ratio has a negative effect significant, fixed asset turnover have a positive effect not significant, return on assets have a positive effect of significant, bed occupancy ratio has a positive effect not significant, turn over interval have a positive effect not significant, and the length of stay have a negative effect not significantly to the independence of the financial hospital measured by the indicator cost recovery rate.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP VOLATILITAS HARGA SAHAM DENGAN INFLASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Aten Patricia Maurin , Nurdiniah Dade
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of dividend payout ratio and dividend yield on stock price volatility with inflation as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. Documentary data (secondary) from financial statements and annual reports are used in this study. The population of this study includes manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange from 2013-2017 and IPOs at least from 2013. The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling, of which 44 companies were included in the criteria of this study. The analytical method carried out in this study is multiple regression. The results show that the variable that has a significant influence on stock price volatility is only the dividend payout ratio. The more dynamic the dividend payout ratio, the higher the stock price volatility, and vice versa. Research also shows the results that the inflation variable does not moderate the effect of dividend payout ratio and dividend yield on stock price volatility.

Keywords: dividend payout ratio, dividend yield, stock price volatility, inflation
DETERMINAN MANEJEMEN LABA: PERAN LIABILITAS PAJAK TANGGUHAN DAN LEVERAGE
Authors: Septiawan Eky , Wibowo Yohan H , Hendryadi Hendryadi
Published: July 2020

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of deferred tax liabilitie and corporate leverage on earnings management. The object of research is companies included in the LQ45 index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018. Hypothesis testing uses panel data regression with the help of the EVIEWS program. The test results show that the deferred tax liabilities have no significant effect on earnings management, while leverage is proven to significantly affect earnings management. The practical implications and suggestions outlined in the article.
Never Together: Black and White People in the Postwar Economic Era
Authors: Temin Peter
Published: July 2020

This paper recounts American economic history for 60 years after World War II. The unusual part of this paper is that it focuses on not only the conventional tale, but also recounts what whites did to and for Blacks over this period. It starts from the unhappy experience of a Black American soldier, goes through the prosperity that followed the war and ends with the various changes that happened to the economy after 1970. The Civil Rights Movement is in the middle, and it gave rise to more Black education before racial segregation destroyed their gains. Some Blacks graduated from college and became a Black Elite. Obama’s election showed that the Black Elite could interact with relative equality with educated whites.
HISTORY OF CREATION SOVIET OF KARAKALPAK STATEHOOD
Authors: Djumashev A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the creation of the Soviet Karakalpak state. The article considers the processes of formation of the Karakalpak Autonomous region and its subsequent transformation from an independent region to an independent Republic. The conditions for administrative division in the Soviet state are shown. The article focuses on the fact that the entry of Karakalpakstan directly into Russia in the mid-1930s accelerated the process of transformation of Karakalpakstan from an independent region to an independent Republic. It is also noted that one of the reasons for joining Karakalpakstan to Russia and after its transformation into a political autonomy was the popular uprisings and rallies that took place in 1929-1930 in Karakalpakstan, directed against the Soviet government. The scientific novelty of the work is that based on the identified new archival documents, it is determined that the level of economic, political and cultural development of Karakalpakstan allowed it to obtain political autonomy. As a result of this research, the stages that the Karakalpak people went through during the existence of the Soviet-type state are analyzed in detail.
KEYWORDS: the Soviet government, the state, the administrative-territorial division, national division, Karakalpakstan, an Autonomous region, the transformation.
Resisting the rat race
Authors: Sørensen Majken Jul
Published: July 2020

When people feel they have to run faster and faster just to keep up, it is a personal experience of the acceleration that characterises late modern society. In reaction, some people attempt to escape “the rat race” by aiming to live self-sufficiently in the countryside. This article presents a text analysis of 35 letters from the magazine Åter, where people share their experiences of moving. The analysis focuses on the authors’ motivations for the move, their criticism of mainstream society and their experiences of time, temporality and competing time norms in their new life. Rosa’s concepts of acceleration, alienation and resonance, and Adam’s concept of abstract and standardised clock time, provide the theoretical framework for the analysis. The study concludes that the authors of letters search for resonance and to a large degree they have also found it, especially since the authors experience their work as meaningful and live according to their ideological values. Self-sufficiency is an individual form of coping, but simultaneously choosing to live differently is a practice of constructive resistance to mainstream consumption and work norms.
Association of MTR A2756G Gene Polymorphism with Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Khattak Aamer Ali , Monis Erum , Gul Sana
Published: July 2020

Objective: To perform genotyping for MTR A2756G polymorphism and identification of risk factors associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design: Cross section, comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry of Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad from October 2014 to August 2015. Materials and Methods: In this study, 292 diagnosed patients HNSCC and 324 normal individuals without any history of cancer were enrolled. Blood samples of patients and controls were collected in ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and DNA was extracted using conventional method. All samples were genotyped for the MTR A2756G polymorphism using PCR-RFLP. Frequency of polymorphism was compared between HNSCC patients andcontrols. MultipleLogisticRegression(MLR)andchi-squaretestwasperformedtoexaminetheassociation of MTR A2756G polymorphism with risk factor. Results: Chi-square test of independence showed statistically significant difference among the variables of age, smoking and MTR A2756G genotype (p-value<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (adjusted OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.3 – 6.0), age groups 41 – 50 years (adjusted OR, 3.6; 95% CI, .9 – 6.7) and > 60 years (adjusted OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.7 – 7.3), MTR 2756 AG genotype (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 – 3.5) is associated with increased risk of HNSCC. Conclusion: The results suggest that the genetic polymorphism MTR A2756G is associated with the occurrence of HNSCC in the Pakistani population while the individuals between 40 to 50 years of age and those who are smokers are at a greater risk of developing HNSCC.
Access to Cancer Care in Northwestern Ontario—A Population-Based Study Using Administrative Data
Authors: Febbraro M. , Conlon M. , Caswell J. , Laferriere N.
Published: July 2020

Background: Despite universal access to health care in Canada, there are disparities relating to social determinants of health that contribute to discrepancies between rural and urban areas in cancer incidence and outcomes. Given that Canada has one of the highest-quality national population-based cancer registry systems in the world and that little information is available about cancer statistics specific to northwestern Ontario, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the percentage of cancer patients without documentation of a specialist consultation (medical or radiation oncology consultation) and to determine factors that affect access to specialist consultation in northwestern Ontario. Methods: This population-based retrospective study used administrative data obtained through the Ontario Cancer Data Linkage Project. For each index case, a timeline was constructed of all Ontario Health Insurance Plan billing codes and associated service dates, starting with the primary cancer diagnosis and ending with death. Specific factors affecting access to specialist consultation were assessed. Results: Within the 6-year study period (2010–2016), 2583 index cases were identified. Most (n = 2007, 78%) received a specialist consultation. Factors associated with not receiving a specialist consultation included older age [p < 0.0001; odds ratio (or): 0.29; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.19 to 0.44] and rural residence (p < 0.0001; or: 0.48; 95% ci: 0.48 to 0.72). Factors associated with receiving a specialist consultation included a longer timeline (p < 0.0001; or: 1.32; 95% ci: 1.19 to 1.46), a diagnosis of breast cancer (p < 0.0001; or: 2.51; 95% ci: 1.43 to 4.42), and a diagnosis of lung cancer (p < 0.0001; or: 1.77; 95% ci: 1.38 to 2.26). Conclusions: This study is the first to look at care access in northwestern Ontario. The complexity and multidisciplinary nature of cancer care makes the provision of appropriate care a challenge; a one-size-fits-all disease prevention and treatment strategy might not be appropriate.
Inflammatory Markers as Prognostic Factors of Recurrence in Advanced-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Valdes M. , Villeda J. , Mithoowani H. , Pitre T. , Chasen M.
Published: July 2020

Background: Multiple immunologic parameters have provided useful prognostic and assessment significance in various cancers, including head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (scc). We sought to identify whether pretreatment inflammatory markers could prognosticate recurrence in patients with advanced (stage III or IV) head-and-neck scc who underwent therapy with curative intent in a tertiary care centre between January 2010 and December 2012. Methods: In a chart review, we recorded demographics; primary tumour characteristics; p16 status; pretreatment inflammatory markers, including body mass index (bmi), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (nlr), C-reactive protein (crp), and serum albumin; therapy received; and date of relapse, death, or last follow-up. The main outcome was relapse-free survival (rfs). Overall survival (os) was a secondary outcome. Results: From among 235 charts reviewed, 118 cases were included: 86 oropharyngeal (50 p16-positive, 18 p16-negative, 17 p16 unavailable, 1 p16 indeterminate), and 32 non-oropharyngeal (7 p16-positive, 19 p16-negative, 6 p16 unavailable). Median follow-up was 2.45 years (25%–75% interquartile range: 1.65–3.3 years). In univariate analysis, p16 status, bmi, modified Glasgow prognostic score, and crp were significant for rfs, but in multivariate analysis, only p16 status, bmi, and crp remained significant. For os, only crp and nlr were significant in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. After adjustment for p16 status, nlr did not remain significant. After adjustment for p16 status, crp remained significant for both rfs and os. Conclusions: In patients with head-and-neck scc, a stronger prognostic value is associated with human papillomavirus status than with nlr and many other factors, including bmi and albumin. However, even though few of our patients had high crp, serum crp remained significant despite p16-positive status.
Indications for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Cytoreductive Surgery: A Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Auer R.C. , Sivajohanathan D. , Biagi J. , Conner J. , Kennedy E. , May T.
Published: July 2020

Objective: The purpose of the present review was to provide evidence-based guidance about the provision of cytoreductive surgery (crs) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (hipec) in the treatment of peritoneal cancers. Methods: The guideline was developed by the Program in Evidence-Based Care together with the Surgical Oncology Program at Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) through a systematic review of relevant literature, patient- and caregiver-specific consultation, and internal and external reviews. Results: Recommendation 1a: For patients with newly diagnosed stage iii primary epithelial ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma, hipec should be considered for those with at least stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the time that interval crs (if complete) or optimal cytoreduction is achieved. Recommendation 1b: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the addition of hipec when primary crs is performed for patients with newly diagnosed advanced primary epithelial ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma, outside of a clinical trial. Recommendation 2: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendation 3: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs in patients with peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendation 4: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs for the prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis in colorectal cancer outside the context of a clinical trial; however, hipec using oxaliplatin is not recommended. Recommendation 5: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs for the treatment of gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendation 6: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs for the prevention of gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendation 7: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs as a standard of care in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma; however, patients should be referred to hipec specialty centres for assessment for treatment as part of an ongoing research protocol. Recommendation 8: There is insufficient evidence to recommend hipec with crs as a standard of care in patients with disseminated mucinous neoplasm in the appendix; however, patients should be referred to hipec specialty centres for assessment for treatment as part of an ongoing research protocol.
Management of Dyspnea in Palliative Care
Authors: Crombeen A.M. , Lilly E.J.
Published: July 2020

Dyspnea is a symptom commonly experienced by cancer patients that causes significant suffering, worsens throughout a patient’s disease trajectory, and can be more difficult to manage than other symptoms. Assessment of dyspnea is best accomplished by a subjective description; physiologic measures are only weakly correlated with the patient’s experience. It is important to consider a wide range of possible malignant and nonmalignant causes of dyspnea in cancer patients and to correct underlying causes where possible. For patients with refractory dyspnea, opioids are a safe and effective treatment. Benzodiazepines can be considered, but the evidence for their use is weak. Supplemental oxygen is beneficial if patients are hypoxemic, or if they have concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nonpharmacologic strategies such as fan therapy, exercise programs, and pulmonary rehabilitation can also be beneficial. One important diagnosis to consider in all cancer patients is venous thromboembolism. Prompt evaluation and treatment are vital to improving symptoms and outcomes for patients. Although dyspnea is common and potentially debilitating in cancer patients, it can be effectively managed with a structured approach to rule out reversible causes while concurrently treating the patient using appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Photogrammetric reconstruction software as a cost-efficient support tool in conservation research
Authors: Karnicki Rafał
Published: July 2020

A crucial activity in architectural and archaeological conservation research
is the process of synthesising information in which the researcher records
collected field data in the form of a planar drawing. This labour-intensive stage is
significantly improved by automated systems which support the measurement
work. Some of these are programs that convert sets of photographs into virtual
and spatial models.
The author compares the reasonably priced software options, shares the
experience which was gathered during their use and presents the results of
the research. The paper also presents the economic aspect and practical
examples and highlights the development potential of these tools.
Uncertainty estimation of low voltage LI measurements with recurrent surge generator and oscilloscope
Authors: Godec Zdenko , Kuprešanin Vjenceslav , Razum Filip
Published: July 2020

Low voltage LI measurement with recurrent surge generator and oscilloscope is a method used for investigatingLI distribution in transformer windings or in model prototypes for various conditions. In the paper, the procedure for measurement uncertainty estimation of characteristic voltage and time quantities is given. The procedure is similar to the procedure given in the IEC 60076-2 standard for high voltage testing, but it is fully adapted to low voltage measurement with recurrent generator and oscilloscope. For the purpose of reducing the measurement uncertainties and the measurement time, a new procedure is proposed.
Essential Oils and Biological Activities of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) – A Review
Authors: ZAKİ Fakhira Liyana Mohd , SALLEH Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan
Published: July 2020

The genus Vitex which includes approximately 270 species, and is an important genus of the Lamiaceae family due to its production of secondary compounds. The plants are generally used in preventing women's complaints such as aging, menstrual, menopausal, breast disease, and infertility. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of essential oils of the genus Vitex and their biological activities. The data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar, within miscellaneous scopes of the Vitex include either medicinal uses or essential oil studies from a different region of countries. A total of nineteen Vitex species have been reported for their essential oils and biological activities. It can be observed that the major components were caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, cis-calamenene, 1,8-cineole, and spathulenol. Pharmacological studies indicated that the essential oil exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, acaricidal, antibiofilm, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and acetylcholinesterase activities. This review is mainly meant to provide relevant information on the phytochemical features of Vitex species, with emphasis on the essential oil, providing guidance, or the selection of accessions or species with the best chemical profiles. Nonetheless, it seems clear that more clinical evaluations are required until essential oils can be considered as possible applications in pharmacy or as adjuvants to current medications.
El modelo de comunicación de la reforma electoral y la construcción de la democracia en México
Authors: Esteinou Madrid Javier
Published: July 2020

Pese al reconocimiento de las virtudes alcanzadas en el ámbito de la comunicación política por la reforma electoral aprobada en el Congreso de la Unión en 2007, también es necesario examinar de manera crítica las limitaciones y consecuencias que produjo comunicativamente sobre la construcción de la democracia ciudadana en México. Esto debido a que la reforma también generó muchos fenómenos opuestos a la auténtica democracia sustantiva al no atender las necesidades fundamentales de comunicación de las comunidades nacionales que han sido demandadas durante muchas décadas.
ANALYTICAL MODELLING OF PERFORATED GEOMETRICAL DOMAINS BY THE R-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Semerich Yuriy
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the construction of boundary equations for geometric domains with perforation.
Different types of perforated geometric domains are considered. The R-functions method for analytical modelling of perforated
geometrical domains is used. For all constructed equations, function plots are obtained.
The effects of acute oxygen changes on heart rate in the freshwater crab Poppiana dentata (Randall, 1840)
Authors: Singh Delezia Shivani , Alkins-Koo Mary , Victor Rostant Luke , Mohammed Azad
Published: July 2020

Heart rate is a key physiological feature that can be used to assess the response of organisms to changing environmental conditions in aquatic habitats, such as acute fluctuations in oxygen levels and hypoxic conditions. This experiment, therefore, investigated cardiac responses in a freshwater brachyuran species, Poppiana dentata, exposed to low oxygen levels. Heart rate was derived from beats per minute (bpm) signals (n = 576) using an infrared, non-invasive technique over a 96 h period, under different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. These involved three regimes: normoxic (6.8 ± 0.1 mg L-1), decreasing DO to hypoxic levels (6.2 to 1.7 mg L-1), and recovery with normoxic levels (6.3 ± 0.1 mg L-1). Changes in heart rates among the three regimes were significant (P < 0.05); reflecting the shift in heart rate during different conditions of oxygen availability, normoxic (59 to 61 bpm), declining DO (54 to 62 bpm) and recovery DO (53 to 64 bpm). Additionally, the normal rhythmicity of heart rates under the normoxic condition was not maintained throughout most of the declining DO and recovery periods. P. dentata has demonstrated cardiac compensations in heart rate during low oxygen levels, providing insight into the species cardiac physiology.
Alcohol Use Disorder is Associated with an Increased Risk for Respiratory Failure among Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abe Temidayo , Effoe Valery , Hayes Dolphurs , Egbuche Obiora , Ky Huynh , Ajose Taiwo , Olowu Adebanjo
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: While takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) was initially considered a benign disease, recent studies have demonstrated poor cardiovascular outcomes. It is important to determine the predictors of these outcomes for appropriate risk stratification and to decrease the overall disease burden. Physical stressors (e.g., acute neurologic disorder and lung disorder) and pre-existing heart failure have been associated with worse outcomes. Alcohol abuse has been associated with cardiomyopathy and may also exacerbate pre-existing heart conditions.
AIM: We aimed to determine the impact of alcohol abuse on patients with TCM.
METHODS: We identified 11,221 patients from the 2009 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample, of which 10,622 had TCM alone and 599 had TCM and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our outcomes of interest were overall mortality, need for mechanical hemodynamic support (MHS), acute respiratory failure, sudden cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. All clinical characteristics were defined per the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision codes. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of the outcomes in patients with concomitant TCM and AUD, compared to those with TCM without AUD while adjusting for confounders.
RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 60.5 ± 11 for TCM with AUD and 56.0 ± 11 for TCM alone. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rates of atrial fibrillation (10.4% vs. 8,5%; p = 0.134), cardiogenic shock (5.9% vs. 4.8%; p = 0.3), use of MHS (2.6% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.165), overall in-hospital mortality (4.0% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.691), stroke (1.6% vs. 1.3%; p = 0.593), and sudden cardiac arrest (2.7% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.24). Rates of acute respiratory failure (17.7% vs. 25.2%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with TCM with AUD compared to those with TCM alone. After adjusting for significant cofounders, the odds ratio for respiratory failure among patients with concomitant TCM and AUD was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.11–1.66) compared to those with TCM without AUD.
CONCLUSION: Pre-existing AUD is associated with an increased risk for respiratory failure in a patient with TCM.
Chromosome numbers for the Italian flora: 9
Authors: Astuti Giovanni , Bedini Gianni , Ciccarelli Daniela , Liu Lijuan , Tiburtini Manuel , Peruzzi Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

In this contribution, new chromosome data obtained on material collected in Italy are presented. It includes counts from six populations of three taxa within the genus Pulmonaria, two of which are endemic to Italy (P. vallarsae subsp. apennina and P. vallarsae subsp. vallarsae); the other is the widespread European P. officinalis. In addition, two counts from Potentilla detommasii and Stachys thirkei, two eastern Mediterranean species, are also reported.
Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments: 9
Authors: Orsenigo Simone , Bernardo Liliana , Cambria Salvatore , Gargano Domenico , Laface Valentina L.A. , Musarella Carmelo M. , Passalacqua Nicodemo G. , Spampinato Giovanni , Tavilla Gianmarco , Fenu Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of three vascular plants according to IUCN categories and criteria are presented. It includes the assessment of Soldanella calabrella Kress at global level, and the regional assessment of Luzula pindica (Hausskn.) Chrtek & Křísa and Romulea variicolor Mifsud (Italy).
« Et la nuit noire de l'esclavage tomba sur moi ... » Réflexions conclusives
Authors: Salas Denis
Published: July 2020

Les abolitions de l'esclavage au XIX e siècle n'ont pas supprimé des pratiques esclavagistes. La scène juridique nationale et internationale témoigne d'un effort pour construire une intolérance universelle à l'égard de ces pratiques que la mondialisation a accentuées. En revanche, la scène judiciaire avance bien plus sporadiquement tant les pratiques culturelles diffuses masquent les formes d'exploitation des êtres humains par le crime organisé. C'est à condition de soutenir les témoignages des victimes et de travailler sur des situations locales au plus près des relations de dépendance que l'on dissipera « la nuit noire de l'esclavage ».
La politique criminelle des jeunes adultes délinquants en Europe : approche comparative
Authors: Dünkel Frieder
Published: July 2020

La question des jeunes adultes définis par l'âge entre 18 et 21 ans est devenue une tâche importante de réforme en droit pénal pour mineurs en Europe. La plupart des législations prévoient soit l'application du droit pénal pour mineurs et/ou une atténuation des peines en appliquant le droit pénal pour adultes. Le Conseil de l'Europe a favorisé dans ses recommandations de 2003 et 2008 d'intégrer ce groupe d'âges dans le champ du droit pénal pour mineurs. Le présent article résume des arguments en faveur d'une telle politique criminelle du point de vue des connaissances empiriques de la criminologie, sociologie, psychologie du développement et des neurosciences.
Croyance dans les premières représentations
Authors: Suchet Dominique
Published: July 2020

En suivant l’indication de Totem et tabou des concordances entre la vie d’âme de l’homme primitif de l’infans et de l’homme névrosé, on peut lire les débats interprétatifs des anthropologues, des préhistoriens et des historiens de l’art à propos des peintures rupestres comme des témoignages des prémisses du travail animique à l’œuvre dans l’activité de représentation. Les relations entre chamanisme, animisme et expression représentative laissent entrevoir que des mécanismes comme la latence, l’après-coup et la perception endopsychique fondent dans la croyance le progrès de la vie de représentation.
L’agent secret
Authors: Chalandon Sorj
Published: July 2020

Extrait de Profession du père . La perplexité de l’enfant face aux mensonges d’un père.
John Stuart Mill et la révolution
Authors: Knüfer Aurélie , Lorrain Ludmilla
Published: July 2020

On trouve dans les écrits de Mill une légitimation circonstanciée de la révolution. Ce que doivent considérer celles et ceux que tente l’affrontement armé, c’est la nature des circonstances historiques, mais aussi leur propre force et leur degré de maturité politique, de manière à évaluer l’opportunité et la justice de la violence révolutionnaire. Il s’agira ici d’examiner les tensions et les évolutions de la pensée de Mill à l’égard de la « révolution », comme idée politique, comme événement historique, aussi bien que comme processus long de transformation individuelle ou collective.
Mill, Marx et la transformation des rapports de production
Authors: Légé Philippe
Published: July 2020

Les rares réflexions de Karl Marx sur la société socialiste sont imprégnées de la volonté de se prémunir contre l’idéalisme du socialisme utopique. Marx pense l’émancipation à partir de la critique de la théorie économique classique et de celle des limites du libéralisme politique. Mill ne s’inscrit pas dans cette double critique marxiste. S’il radicalise certaines conclusions de l’économie ricardienne et affirme le caractère provisoire des rapports de production de son époque, il demeure prudent : il vise un dépassement du salariat par le développement graduel de coopératives de production et se tient à grande distance du socialisme révolutionnaire considéré comme « davantage un produit du continent que de la Grande-Bretagne ».
Les playmobils sportifs : des jouets et des mondes
Authors: Demésy Audrey Tuaillon
Published: July 2020

Âgées de plus de 40 ans, les figurines Playmobil ® ont été présentées, dès leur création, comme des supports ludiques pour l’imagination enfantine. À partir de l’étude de cas des playmobils sportifs, cette recherche exploratoire vise à comprendre comment ces jouets produisent des situations ludiques à travers la construction de mondes possibles narratifs. Ces figurines permettent, en effet, de saisir diverses formes de jouabilité et d’expériences de jeu, entre narrations fictionnelles et innovations techniques invitant à reproduire des activités sportives.
Use of Digital Resources Among Social Scientists
Authors: Thanuskodi S.
Published: July 2020

Information is more important for decision makers, policy makers, planners, technologists, scientists, doctors, lawyers, etc. Information is a livelihood for many people. One can imagine the importance and the role of information from the fact that in America most of the people are working in information service sectors. User needs and the requirements are also changed in the technology-driven society. Information is not only available in one source but scattered in different forms as well. The findings of the study show the respondent satisfaction of various e-resources. About e-books 28.68% of respondents were satisfied followed by 27.50% neutral, 16.03% respondents dissatisfied, 14.70% respondents highly dissatisfied, and only 13.09% respondent highly satisfied. About e-journal, 35.15% were satisfied and 30.73% highly satisfied with only 0.73% highly dissatisfied.
Assessment of the Social Media in Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Muthukumar P. K.
Published: July 2020

Social media is never again an immaterial wonder; tools like Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, or YouTube have taken the world in a tempest. Social media has turned into a standard, changed individual connections, enabled people to add to number of issues, and produced new potential outcomes and difficulties to encourage joint effort. Associations have dire need of not just concentrating on advancement of new items and administrations, yet additionally giving explicit consideration to viable learning sharing, which is of indispensable significance for their success. The potential favourable position of grasping and executing web-based social networking is tremendous. Despite the fact that the enthusiasm for internet-based life is expanding, from one perspective information specialists and administrators are hanging tight to get engaged with this synergistic world, since they may not feel motivated or may not know about the benefits of utilizing these devices for work purposes.
Processes and Application in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Behera Ajit
Published: July 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) is going to cover all the segments of industries from missile industry to biomedical industry. This marked change of technology is due to the distinctive potential of AM to fabricate the parts with intricate designs and reduce fabrication expenditure (free from machining, waste generation, assembly of various parts) with small production runs and short turnaround times. This chapter extensively discussed industrially practiced AM technology. In this chapter, all additive manufacturing materials like metal, alloys, polymer, ceramics, composite, etc. have been given focus for various applications. Additive manufacturing technology is cost effective: no loss of metal and easy to fabricate both larger and intricate shapes. This technology already has taken a primary position in aerospace industries as well as the medical and household industries.
Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing of Metals
Authors: Mugada Krishna Kishore , Sivanandam Aravindan , Digavalli Ravi Kumar
Published: July 2020

Wire + Arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes have become popular because of their proven capabilities to produce large metallic components with high deposition rates (promoted by arc-based processes) compared to conventional additive manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion, binder jetting, direct energy deposition, etc. The applications of WAAM processes were constantly increasing in the manufacturing sector, which necessitates an understanding of the process capability to various metals. This chapter outlines the significant outcomes of the WAAM process for most of the engineering metals in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. Discussion on various defects associated with the processed components is also presented. Potential application of WAAM for different metals such as aluminum and its alloys, titanium, and steels was discussed. The research indicates that the components manufactured by the WAAM process have significant microstructural changes and improved mechanical properties.
Optimization and Simulation of Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Sahini Deepak Kumar , Ghose Joyjeet , Jha Sanjay Kumar , Behera Ajit , Mandal Animesh
Published: July 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) has developed and gained popularity across the globe into a multi-billion-dollar industry that involves many materials and techniques. AM has created itself as a technology for the manufacturing of metallic parts with enhanced mechanical characteristics that are scientifically sound and commercially feasible. However, there are various challenges, from business point of view, like high machine and material costs. Considering the complexities involved, sustainable manufacturing, optimization tools, and simulation models are necessary in order to save time and costly trial and errors. Topology optimization and simulation of AM processes are commercially available and are receiving attention from scientists and industry. Thus, this chapter is designed to provide readers with a brief introduction to AM technologies with typical applications. The main objective of this chapter is to provide the current trends and innovations in the field of design for additive manufacturing (DFAM), topology optimization, and simulation technologies.
Simulation Applications for Industrial and Medical Products Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Joo Seung Hwan , Lee Sung Mo , Yoo Jin Ho , Son Hyeon Jin , Lee Seung Ho
Published: July 2020

For 3D printing technology to be used at the manufacturing site, excellent 3D printers, materials, and software are essential. Moreover, in the additive manufacturing (AM) process, software simulation is becoming more important as materials are diversified, and output shapes are more complicated and larger. The goal of the AM process simulation is to prevent build-up failures by predicting the macroscopic distortion and stress of the part. In the AM process simulation, structural deflection or thermal deformation easily occurs in the case where the shape of the additive manufacturing products is large and complex. So, it is necessary to provide more optimized parameters for the build-up process and more precise production of supporters. This chapter is an example of applying AM process simulation to industrial and medical parts to produce excellent products.
Predictive Factors of Attitude Towards Online Disruptive Advertising
Authors: Abraham Juneman , Septian Dean Lauda , Prayoga Tommy , Ruman Yustinus Suhardi
Published: July 2020

By leveraging knowledge of subconsciousness seducing technique combined with building algorithms capable of analyzing internet users' needs as well as providing relevant information, disruptive ads that appear abruptly (in terms of the timing, placement, and method of ending/closing the content) in web pages and mobile applications are accepted as a quality effective means of consumer persuasion. This present study proposed uncertainty avoidance, perceived usefulness, and openness personality trait as the predictors of attitude towards online disruptive advertising. Participants of this study were 137 Indonesian internet users (75 males, 62 females, Mage = 23.02 years old, SDage = 3.367 years). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only perceived usefulness and openness personality trait are able to predict the attitude (i.e., in positive directions). The uncertainty-certainty paradoxes contained in disruptive advertising are discussed to understand the psychological dynamics involved in a facet of the attitude ambiguity.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the 2030 Agenda in the Framework of New Trends in Tourism and Hotel Companies' Performance
Authors: Revila Raquel García , Moure Olga Martinez
Published: July 2020

Sustainable tourism refers to those tourism activities that respect the natural, cultural, and social environment and the values of a community, which allows it to enjoy a positive exchange of experiences between residents and visitors, where the relationship between the tourist and the community is fair and the benefits of the activity are evenly distributed, and where visitors have a truly participatory attitude in their travel experience. One of the main keys to sustainable tourism is the involvement of the visitors and the host and local community.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Part of the Strategies for Business Sustainability Based on the Innovative Activity Development
Authors: Ubrežiová Iveta , Sokil Oksana , Janošková Mária
Published: July 2020

This chapter identifies the most effective measures of corporate social responsibility pillars that prompt the CSR implementation as an innovative tool for modern business. Differences between the respondents' education level and the level of their awareness with the concept of CSR are researched. Primary data were collected by conducting the survey in 2019; statistical analysis of data was performed using software SAS: analytics, business intelligence, and data management. The results showed that research and development in the field of environmental protection, development of qualification, skills of employees and conducting a systematic stakeholders' survey about the company's activities are the most effective measures to improve innovation through CSR. The research found that the level of education affects the level of knowledge about CSR, and the job title of the respondents has no effect on the level of CSR concept awareness. The study also provides significant recommendations for improving the level of CSR implementation that can be used by all kinds of business.