bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENTIAL OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Dilakshan S. , Rathnasinghe A.P. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Seneviratne L.D. Indunil P. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

The introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the manufacturing industry changed the trajectory to Industrial Revolution 4.0. Accordingly, it consists of various technologies, where the IoT is the basis of this revolution. However, there is an increasing gap between traditional Construction and digitalised data-driven Construction. In such context, the adoption of IoT applications in construction projects shall increase the productivity and better performance of construction activities. Consequently, IoT concepts, developments, applications, and potential benefits of IoT in the construction industry need to be acknowledged by industry practitioners before the implementation can take place. Hence, the purpose of this research is to outline such needs, thus provide an understanding on the potential of the IoT in the construction industry. Subsequently, a comprehensive literature synthesis revealed the expression IoT is best understood as a metaphor that encapsulates the immersion of almost anything and everything within the communications and connectivity space. The development is at an embryonic stage of development but proliferating in measuring, tracking, modelling, and prediction stages such as smart wearables, sensors attached to the structures and machinery, IoT linked Building information modelling (BIM) models, usage of drones. As a result, potential benefits are entertained by the construction industry practitioners towards sustainability. Ultimately, the study provides a starting point for raising awareness to facilitate and implement IoT applications in construction projects. In the absence of empirical literature on the implementation of the IoT paradigm in general, this paper presents a valuable contribution to the growing body of knowledge.
Delayed chemical meningitis after Chiari decompression with duraplasty: illustrative cases
Authors: Lajthia Orgest , Sattur Mithun G. , Varma Abhay K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Dural reconstruction to achieve expansion duraplasty is important in suboccipital decompression for Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1). Although various dural substitutes are available, including synthetic collagen matrix grafts and dural xenografts, they have the potential to induce an inflammatory response. In this case series, the authors present their experience and discuss the incidence and possible mechanism of aseptic meningitis after the use of bovine collagen matrix graft as a dural substitute in patients with CM1 after suboccipital decompression.

OBSERVATIONS

Three consecutive adult female patients who underwent suboccipital decompression at a single institution by a single neurosurgeon were retrospectively reviewed. They all presented with signs of aseptic meningitis in a delayed fashion, responded well to steroid administration, but had recurrence of their symptoms. Bovine collagen dural substitutes are resorbed in a process that induces an inflammatory response manifesting with signs of aseptic meningitis and is only alleviated with removal of the dural substitute.

LESSONS

DuraMatrix Suturable, a dural xenograft derived from bovine dermis, though a viable choice for dural repair, is a potential cause of chemical meningitis after duraplasty in Chiari decompression surgery. In patients presenting with delayed and persistent aseptic meningitis after intervention, removal of this dural substitute led to improved symptomatology.
The Religious Situation in the Philippines: Social and Historical Analysis
Authors: Семененко Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: November 2021

Цель исследования - выявить социальный и исторический контекст, который влияет на религиозную ситуацию на Филиппинах в настоящее время. Обозначены исторические предпосылки появления католичества и православия в этом государстве, выявлены причины исламских восстаний и террористических атак, появления аглипайской церкви и распространения протестантских ересей. Научная новизна работы заключается в систематизации основополагающих причин религиозной обстановки настоящего времени на Филиппинах, а также во введении в научный обиход цифр из государственной статистики Филиппин, данных из ежегодных отчётов США о религиозном составе и из других иностранных источников, поскольку материалов о конфессиональном составе на русском языке довольно мало. Делается вывод о пёстрой религиозной ситуации на Филиппинах с конкретизацией положения основных вероисповеданий.

Objective of the study: to identify the social and historical context that influences the religious situation of the Philippines at the present time. The historical context of the emergence of Catholicism in the Philippines is outlined, the reasons for Islamic uprisings and terrorist attacks, the emergence of the Aglipay Church and the spread of Protestant heresies are identified. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of the underlying causes of the religious situation of the present time in the Philippines. As a result, the author highlighted the religious subtext of those phenomena and events of the religious life of the population of the Philippines that affect the present and the future.
Review of: Guiance A. Cultura letrada e identidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV-XV. Buenos Aires: Imhicihu — Conicet, 2019. 305 p. ISBN 978-987-4934-04-8
Authors: Бельский Владимир Викторович
Published: November 2021

Со времён диспутов романистов и германистов цивилизация средневековой Европы рассматривалась как результат синтеза. В увидевшей свет в 2019 г. в Буэнос-Айресе книге «Cultura letrada e idendidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV–XV» («Культура просвещения и социальные идентичности в средневековом мире, IV–XV вв.») предпринимается ещё одна попытка дать ответ на вопрос, каково же было значение христианства в данном синтезе. Книга представляет собой сборник статей, посвящённых письменной культуре и образованию в средиземноморском регионе. Однако в силу как узости тематики, заявленной в названии книги, так и единства и комплементарности статей в концептуальном плане рецензируемое издание является вполне целостным. Все статьи написаны в рамках подхода, характеризующего средневековую культуру как плод синтеза Библии (христианства) и эллинизма. Специфика этого подхода обусловлена тем, что географические рамки исследований охватывают весь средиземноморский регион. Эта методологическая особенность наложила отпечаток на выводы, к которым пришли авторы сборника.

Since the time of the Romanist and Germanist debates, the civilisation of medieval Europe has been seen as the result of a synthesis. Cultura letrada e idendidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV-XV (Culture of Enlightenment and Social Identities in the Medieval World, IV-XV centuries), published in 2019 in Buenos Aires, attempts once again to answer the question of what was the significance of Christianity in this synthesis. The book is a collection of articles on written culture and education in the Mediterranean region. However, due to both the narrowness of the theme stated in the title and the unity and complementarity of the articles in conceptual terms, the reviewed edition is quite coherent. All the articles are written within the framework of the approach which characterises medieval culture as a product of the synthesis of the Bible (Christianity) and Hellenism. The specificity of this approach is due to the fact that the geographical scope of the research covers the entire Mediterranean region. This methodological peculiarity has affected the conclusions reached by the authors of the collection.
Detection of Swine Dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae via PCR in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi Thu , Lam Truong Quang , Anh Dao Le , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Lan Nguyen Thi , Dung Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to diagnose swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs by the PCR method in Vietnam. Of the 250 samples, 29 isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (11.60%) were identified by PCR in seven provinces of Northern Vietnam, and the infection rate differed from region to region. From the positive cases of B. hyodysenteriae, we analyzed B. hyodysenteriae infected cases according to the ages of the pigs, farm sizes, and veterinary hygiene practices to get more information about the disease in Vietnam. The results showed that the positive B. hyodysenteriae samples were commonly seen in post-weaning pigs (32.14%) in households (20.73%) with poor hygiene (24.69%). Clinical signs of SD included high fever (100%); anorexia (100%); watery, bloody diarrhea, usually gray to brown in color (100%); and weight loss (86.42%). Gross lesions of SD were limited to the large intestine were described as having a fibrinous, blood-flecked membrane covering the mucosa (93.75%), swollen with hemorrhaged colon and cecum (75.00%), and mesenteric lymph nodes (81.25%).
Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Prioritizing Adaptation Measures Using Climate-Smart Agriculture Rapid Appraisal (CSA-RA): A Case Study in Thuong Bang La Commune, Van Chan District, Yen Bai Province
Authors: Bien Vu Thanh , Cunningham Natalie , Trung Nguyen Duc , McKeown Peter , Spillane Charles , Vinh Bui Le
Published: November 2021

Overwhelming scientific evidence shows agriculture is heavily impacted by negative climate change effects. While agriculture is affected, the sector is also the second-largest contributor to climate change, creating challenges in adaptation and mitigation strategies. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a holistic approach to managing landscapes, utilized to guide farmers in the context of a changing climate. CSA is an attractive option for Vietnam, an agricultural country extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Farmers and communities in Vietnam are facing significant risks. Changes in farming conditions, climate, and productivity threaten agriculture and livelihoods. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of climate change on the people and agricultural systems in Thuong Bang La (TBL) commune, Vietnam, utilizing climate-smart agriculture rapid appraisal (CSA-RA) tools. The results indicated that agricultural production has been negatively impacted, with erratic and varied weather patterns causing outbreaks of disease, and reductions in the yield and productivity of livestock and cropping systems. Disasters including flooding, storms, and droughts are a prominent threat, leaving farmers unsure of how to cope. Through a showcase of CSA technologies, farmers were able to highlight their preferences for practices including mulching, drip irrigation and conservation agriculture in orange groves, bio-fertilizers and integrated pest management (IPM) in rice production, and using biological bedding in chicken raising. The study showed immediate openings to initiate context-specific CSA interventions and building the resilience of the agricultural systems in the development of one of the first climate-smart communes in Vietnam.
Intangible Assets Accounting in Vietnam: Perspectives of a Professional Accounting Group
Authors: Thuong Tran Thi , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Anh Hoang Thi Mai
Published: November 2021

This study focused on presenting the views of members of a professional accounting group about intangible assets accounting in Vietnam. This group consisted of 44 random  interviewees who were auditors, lecturers, and banking staff, among others. Based on the results of this survey, the characteristics of the professional accounting group, including occupation, educational level, and work experience, etc., were collected. The accounting regulations for intangible assets in Vietnam in accordance with the guidelines of Vietnamese Accounting Standard (VAS) No. 04 (Intangible assets and other circulars) were then analyzed. Especially, these interviewees indicated three main obstacles of intangible assets accounting through this survey. First, the skills and knowledge of accounting staff are the most current weaknesses of intangible assets accounting. Following that, the slow integration of Vietnamese accounting regulations with the international accounting system for intangible assets is a difficult point. Lastly, the limited knowledge of managers and internal governance are weak points. Hence, to improve intangible assets accounting in Vietnam, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) should organize additional training courses or workshops to train accountants and managers based on the contents of International Accounting Standard (IAS) No. 38 for intangible assets and IAS 36 for the impairment of assets. In addition, small specialized discussions among accountants, lecturers, auditors, and others in one city should be encouraged to open accounting seminars/workshops. These gatherings would be a good way to share their accounting experience with each other and improve their knowledge of accounting.
Research of the relationship between educational and professional programs of higher pharmaceutical education in Ukraine with the «Ten-star pharmacist» concept
Authors: Кремінь Ю. І. , Громовик Б. П.
Published: November 2021

Currently, the training of Masters of Pharmacy (MPh) in Ukraine is based on the competency model as a list of competencies and program learning outcomes according to academic disciplines, which is reflected in the educational and professional programs (EPP) institutions of higher pharmaceutical education (IHPhE). At the same time, MPh, as public trust workers, must have all professional roles (PR) in accordance with of the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between general (GC) and professional (PC) competencies of MPh and current PR according to the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.

The materials of the study were EPP of twenty-two IHPhE that train masters in the specialty 226 «Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy».

Methods of critical analysis, generalization, specification and interpretation of results are used.

It was found that the lists of GC and PC differ in the analyzed EPP. It is determined that according to the presence of common GC IHPhE can be divided into three groups, while for PC there are six such groups. Significant differences in the formation of individual PR of future MPh due to acquisition them of different numbers of GC and PC are noted.

It is established that in the studied EPP of twenty-two IHPhE for the preparation of masters in the specialty 226 «Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy» there are 15 GC and 35 PC. At the same time, the majority of GC (12 out of 15) and the minority of PC (16 out of 35) of the studied EPP are similar. Significant differences were found in the formation of the PR MPh, in particular, the analyzed GC do not sufficiently reflect PR a life-long-learner (only GC 4 in all groups and GC 15 in group Z). In PC, this picture is typical for PR a decision-maker (only PC 16 in all groups) and a teacher (PC 1 and 2 in all groups). It is shown that the lack of unified compliance of the studied EPP with PC will not contribute to the formation of MPh, adequate to pharmaceutical practice, and their acquisition of the necessary PR in accordance with the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.
Study of the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm
Authors: Миргород В. С. , Філімонова Н. І. , Башура О. Г. , Бобро С. Г.
Published: November 2021

The development of many chronic infections, including skin diseases, is caused by bacteria growing in the form of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms provide beneficial survival mechanisms that determine virulence, disease pathogenesis, or resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics. As shown by a large number of studies, biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The close relationship between the microbial biofilm that colonizes the skin surface and the negative consequences for human health makes the skin microbiome an object of therapeutic intervention in dermatological pathogenic processes.

The work aims to study the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms.

The objects of research were samples of gel containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel both monocomponent and combined.

The study of the ability of individual plant components of phytogel samples N 1, N 2, N 3 and samples of combined phytogel N 4, N 5, and N 6 to influence biofilm formation have shown that the most pronounced decceleration of biofilms formation was registered in the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 and was 19.7–20.7% to S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans respectively. The activity of the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 was 1.3–1.4 times higher than that of monocomponent gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3. When determining the ability of the test samples to destroy biofilms, it has been found that the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 showed the greatest activity, which exceeded the specified properties of samples N 5 and N 6 by an average of 1.2 and 1.8 times. The activity of single-component gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3 was lower in S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans biofilm destruction.

The conducted studies prove the feasibility of further study of the combined gel with the phyto complex № 4 containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel.
Determination of the total content of flavonoids in herbal mixtures with anti-diabetic activity
Authors: Савич А. О. , Криськів Л. С. , Мосула Л. М.
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is an important social and medical problem, as it causes the development of dangerous complications that lead to disability and mortality. This disease is characterized by a multi-vector pathogenesis that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. Due to the use of mixtures of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes, it is possible to cover all aspects of the development of this disease and its complications, because the combination of different medicinal plants contain more biologically active substances that affect all parts of the pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Plant biocompounds have a wide range of pharmacological action and various mechanisms of influence on the development of diabetes and diabetic angiopathies (inactivation of the antioxidant defense system, activation of lipid peroxidation and the development of oxidative stress). In addition, the niche of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine with phytomixtures is almost empty.
The aim of the work was to study the total flavonoid content in some herbal mixtures, which have established hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity in previous studies in vivo
The study of the total flavonoid content in herbal samples was carried out by UV-spectrophotometry with the recording of the absorption spectrum of complexation product of flavonoids with aluminum chloride (λmax 415 nm) in terms of rutin.
According to the results of UV-spectrophotometric determination, it was found that the total flavonoid content in the herbal mixture No 3 was 1.47 ± 0.04%, in the herbal mixture No 4 – 1.78 ± 0.04%, in the herbal mixture No 7 – 1.29 ± 0.02%, in the herbal mixture No 13 – 1.16 ± 0.02% and in the herbal mixture No 19 – 3.62 ± 0.06% in terms of rutin.
It was found that the best flavonoid content (3.62 ± 0.06%) was found in the plant mixture № 19, which contains nettle leaves, dandelion roots, blueberry leaves, rose hips and peppermint herb. Phytochemical studies may indicate a correlation between the content of flavonoids and pharmacological properties of the studied mixtures, because the functional hydroxyl groups of the latter cause strong antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals, chelation of heavy metal ions, increasing the activity of antioxidant protection products, which has been confirmed in previous in vivo and in vitro studies.
The effects of offering a disposable EC versus NRT on smoking cessation outcomes: a retrospective community pharmacy study
Authors: Soar Kirstie , Doshi Jay , Cameron James
Published: November 2021

_Background:  _E-cigarettes (EC) are now a viable alternative to traditional pharmacotherapies for supporting a quit attempt, with increasing evidence demonstrating their efficacy for smoking cessation and are the most popular quitting aid within the UK.  However, their effectiveness within a community pharmacy stop smoking service (SSS) has received limited attention. 

_Objectives: _To measure the effectiveness of offering a disposable EC with and/or without nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) compared to NRT alone, on both 4-6 week and 12-week quit rates in adult smokers attending a community pharmacy. 

_Methods: _ A non-randomised between subjects design was employed involving 1488 smokers willing to quit (835 = female; age = 41.98, SD= 11.31).  Smokers choose either an EC, EC + NRT (EC condition) or NRT alone (NRT condition), alongside standard behavioural support. 

_Results: _Overall quit rates at 4- weeks were 57%; 56% for those in the EC condition and 61% for those in the NRT condition.  At 12 -weeks overall quit rates 30%; 30% in the EC condition and 32% in the NRT.  There were no significant differences between conditions at either follow up period._ _

_Conclusions: _Four-week quit rates were in line with the national average.  Offering a disposable EC showed to have comparable quit rates with those who received only NRT both at 4-6 and 12 weeks and that given the choice a significantly large number of smokers choose to use an EC within their cessation attempt within a community pharmacy setting
Spontaneous hemothorax: A rare lethal pulmonary complication of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Shukla Aditya Nath , Singh Ashok Kumar , Nigam Saket
Published: November 2021

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also called von Recklinghausen’s disease, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiple non-cancerous tumors of nerves and skin, and areas of abnormal pigmentation. Vasculopathy and spontaneous hemothorax are rare complications, but potentially lethal, which necessitates quick and decisive intervention to save the life of the patient. Here, we present a case of spontaneous massive haemothorax leading to hemorrhagic shock in a 66-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type-1. She was investigated and managed successfully.
Idiopathic pigmented gingival fibromatosis: A case report
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek Kumar , Shreedhar Balasundari , Siddiqui Attiuddin , Ghimire Pratikshya
Published: November 2021

Gingival fibromatosis is a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that develop as slowly progressive, local or diffuse enlargements within marginal and attached gingiva or interdental papilla. Gingival fibromatosis is a condition that can occur as an isolated disease or as a part of a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old male with pigmented gum enlargement in the maxilla and mandible. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features have been described in detail.
A rare case of spontaneous combined hydropneumothorax in a case of severe COVID pneumonia
Authors: Devadoss Yelamanchi Hanock , Kale Mahendra Namdev , Shankar Uma , Yadav Narender
Published: November 2021

The combined spontaneous hydropneumothorax in a healthy young female of COVID-19 is relatively rare in the absence of ventilator-induced barotrauma and associated with typical COVID-related coagulopathy and inflammation. Here, we present the case of a 32-year-old COVID-19-positive female who developed sudden breathlessness and tachycardia. On clinical evaluation and imaging studies, she was found to have hydropneumothorax along with high D-dimer levels. Although the exact cause for this complication is not known, the COVID-19-related coagulopathy and inflammatory response are the likely cause. Monitoring D-dimer levels and early intervention by putting intercostal drain can be life-saving.
Neurological manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Sroa Saniya , Nair Shweta , N Fehmida , Vatkar Amit
Published: November 2021

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a disorder with raised intracranial pressure, headache, papilledema, visual disturbances with a normal cerebrospinal fluid examination, and normal neuroimaging. It is rare in the pediatric population and may occur as a manifestation of underlying disorders. Vitamin D deficiency is a common deficiency in the pediatric age group. However, neurological manifestations are rare. Here, we present the case of a 5-year-old male child who presented with headache, vomiting, and hypertension; however, the neurological examination was normal but the neuroimaging was suggestive of pseudotumor cerebri. Appropriate investigations were done. The most likely cause of pseudotumor cerebri in this patient was the deficiency of Vitamin D. We have reported this case as pseudotumor cerebri is a rare neurological manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency.
Profile of the companies participating in the Mexican national exports award
Authors: Orduño Soto Carmen Lizeth , Leos Rodríguez Juan Antonio , Martínez González Enrique Genaro , Aguilar Ávila Jorge
Published: November 2021

Objective: To identify the profile of the companies participating in the Mexican National Exportation Award (NEA) in the Large Agricultural Exporting Companies category (LAEC), by an information-gathering tool to determine the commercial lines of those businesses, their state of origin, and the exports destination.
Methodology: a total of 17 questionnaires (n = 17), applied by the NEA to the LAEC category participants during the 2010-2018 period, were analyzed to determine the commercial business lines, their state of origin, and the destination of the exports. A problem tree was created to find opportunity areas to design solution proposals. The collected information was processed in the NetDraw 2.097 software to show the networks, their dominant actors (countries to which they export), and the products that the companies exported the most.
Results: pork and vegetables business lines were identified. The latter revealed a sub-network of tomatoes and strawberries. A network was generated with an open structure comprising 17 nodes and 46 links where three export destination countries stood out: the USA with 15 links, Canada with six, and Japan with five. The highest exported product was the tomato in its different varieties, mainly to the U.S. and Canada.
Limitations: Scarce information about the award on the internet. Access restrictions. Most of the exporting companies did not respond to the survey.
Conclusions: the perishability of exported products determines the number of destination countries. The precariousness of Mexican agricultural exports was identified because companies trade only one product or a reduced number of them to only one country.
PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF Dactylopius coccus Costa ON TWO CONFINED Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill CULTIVARS
Authors: Zacarías-Alvarado J. R. , Tovar-Robles C. L. , Aquino-Pérez G. , Magallanes-Quintanar R. , Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de Jesús
Published: November 2021

Recently, the commercial breeding of Dactylopius coccus in confined environments has been developed not to depend on seasonal production and ensure the supply chain. Previous studies have shown the technical viability of their breeding of i Opuntia in a repository also called "Nopaloteca". However, considering the genetic diversity of Opuntia in each region, it is necessary to evaluate alternative cultivars to maximize the efficiency of that production system. The evaluated cultivars were Esmeralda and Villanueva (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.). Four height levels (m) within the “Nopaloteca” (N1: 0.5; N2: 1.0; N3: 1.5 and N4: 2.0) and two harvest indices (pre and post oviposition) were evaluated regarding their effects on the carminic acid concentration (CAC, %) and fresh weight (FW, g) of D. Coccus. The results showed no significant difference in the CAC of the D. coccus colonies in both cultivars (18 %); however, the highest FW was reached in the cv. Esmeralda with 6.3 g per cladode (p ≤ 0.05). The highest CAC was found in the N4 treatment (2.0 m) with 18.6 % (p ≤ 0.05); while the highest average FW values (p ≤ 0.05) were in the intermediate levels of the N2 (1.0 m) and N3 (1.5 m) treatments, with 6.4 and 6.1 g per cladode, each. The post oviposition phase harvest of D. coccus resulted in a higher CAC concentration (20.4 %); meanwhile, in the pre-oviposition phase, 15.6 % was harvested (p ≤ 0.05). Due to the productivity and quality obtained, the Esmeralda cultivar could be used as an alternative host for the intensive breeding of D. coccus in confinement, in north-central Mexico.
Konvergensi Bank dan Ketahanan Bank terhadap Pandemi
Authors: jdep Pandu Adi Cakranegara
Published: November 2021

Book bank 4 is the bank with the largest number of assets and controls more than half of the banking market in Indonesia. Since the early 2000s BUKU 4 bank is an exclusive club consisting of the 4 largest banks in Indonesia. This changed in 2017 when CIMB Niaga bank entered BUKU 4 bank and a year later Panin bank joined. This study examines what factors underlie these banks can merge into a BUKU 4 bank. Further this research then examines the resilience of BUKU 4 banks to the pandemic. The research method is a quantitative method using multiple linear regression. The research uses data taken from the financial statements of 2010 to 2018. The results show that the factors that drive the convergence of banks are the factors of capital adequacy, low borrowing loans and operational efficiency of banking. Meanwhile, in order for banks to survive this research finds investment factors in technology, maintaining capital adequacy and unpaid debt management.
Analisis Harga Saham Index Kompas 100 Dengan Pendekatan Error Correction Model
Authors: jdep Amir Hamzah
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the short term and long term relationship between ROI, EPS, PER ,inflation, SBI, exchange rate,and GDP on Stock Price. The data in this research is company financial statements which included Compas 100 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. statistical analysis in this research used stasionarity test, The Classical Assumptions Test, Cointegration Test, Error Correction Model Test. This research found that partially ROI, EPS, PER variables a positive effect on stock prices in the short term and long term, KURS and SBI a positive effect on stock prices in the short term, but there is no effect in the long term, inflation and GDP do not affect the stock price both in the short term and long term. Simultaneously affected the stock prices significantly affect on stock price both in the short term and long term.
Association between Acute Stroke and Metabolic Syndrome–An Observational Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Razzak Md Abdur , Kabir Md Humayun , Naznin Fateha , Rahman Quazi Audry Arafat
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide including Bangladesh. There are various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for stroke. Metabolic syndrome is an important factor amongst them.
Objective: To determine the association of stroke with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Neurology Centre and Family Medical Ward of combined military hospital (CMH) Dhaka from July 2018 to December 2018. Total 100 admitted cases of acute stroke (both ischaemic and haemorrhagic) were enrolled. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical examinations, relevant laboratory investigations and CT scan and/or MRI of brain. Verbal consent was obtained from patients or next of kin. Ethical issue was addressed. Data collection was done in a prescribed form by face to face interview, clinical findings and laboratory and imaging results. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS v16.0. Chi square test was done to see the level of significance.
Results: Hypertension (HTN) was found in 54.6% of haemorrhagic stroke and 45.5% of ischemic stroke. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was present in 40% of ischaemic stroke and 32% of haemorrhagic stroke. Abdominal obesity was present in 13 haemorrhagic stroke and only 4 ischaemic stroke cases. Fasting hyperglycaemia was found in 20 haemorrhagic stroke and 30 ischaemic stroke cases. Hypertriglyceridaemia was found in 33 ischaemic stroke and 18 haemorrhagic stroke cases. Low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was found in 30 ischaemic stroke and 15 haemorrhagic stroke patients. Total 53 patients fulfilled the criteria of metabolic syndrome and 21 of them had 4 elements like HTN, DM, high triglyceride (TG), low HDL-C. Metabolic syndrome was present in 39 out of 54 ischaemic stroke and 14 out of 46 haemorrhagic strokes. There was significant association between metabolic syndrome and stroke especially in the ischaemic stroke (p value<0.001).
Conclusion: Proper control of hypertension and DM, correction of dyslipidemia, obesity and lifestyle modification, regular physical activity and healthy dietary habits all are necessary to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular death including stroke.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 4-8
Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance: A Study on Selected Government and Non-Government Employees of Bangladesh
Authors: Mohsin Mohammad , Islam Md Ziaul , Ahmed Mohsen Uddin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The high cost of health services along with the unpredictability of health needs and the inadequacy of personal savings is the primary reason for the growing importance of insurance as a means of financing health services. Health insurance ensures easy access, high quality, sustainability and affordability of care. This study was undertaken in an attempt to generate some scientific data on awareness and willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance in our country perspective.
Objective: To determine awareness and demand or willingness to pay for health insurance in order to ascertain the feasibility of such schemes and establishing prices.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016 in two governments and two non-government organizations. Randomly 200 government and 200 non-government employees were taken in the sample. A semi structured questionnaire designed to elicit WTP by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to collect data.
Results: Among 400 respondents, 82.8% were male and 17.2% were female. Most of them (85.5%) heard about health insurance earlier and 2.5% subscribed for health insurance. Majority (58.7%) expressed WTP Tk 100-200 (Mean Tk 261.3 ± 196.3) and by percentage of monthly income, average WTP of a formal sector employee was 1.2%. Coverage of health expenditure from employer (10.6%) or insurance (1.1%) side was less and 88.8% of employees had to spend 100% from out of pocket (OOP).
Conclusion: Introduction of health insurance, appropriately designed for each population group is imperative for achieving Universal Health Coverage.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 9-13
Space Closure Rate in Mandibular Canine Retraction by Ni-Ti Closed Coil Spring: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Hasan Md Kamrul , Hassan Gazi Shamim , Rahman Samira , Ali Md Sher , Rahman Md Azizur , Hasan Md Mahfuj , Tani Rokeya Rahman
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In Majority of patients seeking orthodontic treatment, teeth must be extracted in order to obtain proper esthetics, occlusion, and stability as well as extraction of teeth is often a need to close residual space, after the initial decrowding and aligning. Pre adjusted fixed orthodontic appliances commonly utilize sliding mechanics for space closure with different types of force delivery systems. A variety of materials have been used as force delivery systems to close spaces between teeth as in the case of canine retraction after the extraction of premolars. Among all sliding or frictionless methods of canine retraction, super-elastic nickel titanium coil spring has a particular property in producing light continuous force at a long range of action, compared with previously available materials. Nickel-titanium closed coil spring, with a continuous action, might have some advantages in fixed appliance space closure mechanics.
Materials and Methods: Over the period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016, this clinical trial was carried out and A total number of 20 patients (40 quadrants), who required canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics of BSMMU selected as study population. The quadrants were affixed by nickel titanium closed coil springs (medium force, Ni-Ti extension spring, Ormco) with 200gm force measured by Correx Tension Gauge. Space closure was measured by means of direct measurement from the mesial surface of mesial wing of the 2nd premolar bracket and the distal surface of distal wing of the canine bracket with digital Vernier Calipers.
Results: Mean space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction was 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring method with p value<0.001.
Conclusion: This study revealed that space closer rate in mandibular canine retraction by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed coil spring is 1.07 ± 0.12 mm/month.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 90-93
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Poisoning Cases in Children Living in a Rapidly Urbanizing Area
Authors: Islam Md Nurul , Ringku Naimur Rahman , Islam Md Saiful
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a common childhood emergency in Bangladesh. In many cases history and clinical features fail to identify the offending agent. This study was done to identify the specific clinical findings related with the source of poisoning and assess the outcome.
Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study done from January to June 2020, among 75 indoor children of Tangail District Hospital. A preformed structured questionnaire was filled up by data collected from direct interview with the parents or caregivers, hospital records, during clinical examination.
Results: We found the mean age of the study population 5.5±1.5 years having male preponderance 1.6:1 in ratio. Kerosene 16(21.33%) and organophosphorus compound 15(20%) were the most common etiological agents and accidental (85%) was the most common mode of poisoning. Most of the cases were asymptomatic 25(33.3%). We encountered only 5(6.6%) death having 62(82.6%) complete recovery.
Conclusion: Acute poisoning still remains a major cause of child death in Bangladesh. History remains the main information for early diagnosis. We should take necessary steps to prevent exposure to poisonous material in children to reduce related burden of hospitalization, mortality and morbidity.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 156-159
Los lugares del trauma. Reflexiones en torno a sus procesos de memoria
Authors: Faria Júlia
Published: November 2021

La explotación, de diversa índole, de lugares vinculados a eventos traumáticos con la posibilidad de fruición pública a través de su musealización sigue siendo una problemática con un debate abierto. Esta musealización proviene, en muchos casos, de la institucionalización de la clasificación y gestión de lugares llamados patrimoniales, más que de la necesidad interna de una determinada sociedad o grupo identitario de crear un espacio-memorial con respecto a esa misma memoria traumatizante, o bien la aniquilación de ésta como forma de superar el evento traumatizante vivido. En este sentido, en la era actual, en la que se reclama tanto el concepto de memoria, los lugares del trauma son un ámbito privilegiado para seguir reflexionando sobre el objetivo fundamental de la conservación, y qué mecanismos de memoria justifican que diferentes culturas hayan históricamente lidiado con esta tipología de eventos de forma tan diversa, y cuáles han sido las consecuencias en la gestión de esos lugares en su esencia, fuera de las prácticas tradicionales establecidas desde la esfera experta. Volviendo a la idea inicial, esa misma explotación, que conlleva como propósito teórico la posibilidad de una experiencia cultural, pone de manifiesto cuestiones de suma importancia sobre la extrañeza que a priori provoca la satisfacción al visitar estos lugares del trauma: el tradicional concepto de patrimonio ha sido históricamente construido bajo la exaltación de valores que se presuponen positivos, por lo cual es fundamental el debate sobre la disonante actitud hacia una idea de un patrimonio del trauma.
Interpretación y gestión del patrimonio en los espacios del turismo oscuro... ¿de qué estamos hablando? (Introducción)
Authors: Navajas Corral Óscar , Rodríguez Achútegui Maribel
Published: November 2021

Texto de presentación de los coordinadores del debate: Óscar Navajas Corral y Maribel Rodríguez Achútegui.
Serum Selenium Levels in Patients with Graves Disease: Associations with Clinical Activity and Severity in a Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: Kim Tae Hwan , Ko JaeSang , Kim Bo Ram , Shin Dong Yeob , Lee Eun Jig , Yoon Jin Sook
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare serum selenium levels in Graves patients and non-Graves control participants and to evaluate associations between serum selenium levels and clinical features of Graves orbitopathy (GO).Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective case-control study among 33 patients with Graves disease without GO (GD), 31 patients with diagnosed GO, and 27 unaffected healthy participants enrolled between 2013 and 2020 at Severance Hospital. We compared serum selenium concentrations between the GD, GO, and healthy control groups, and analyzed associations between serum selenium and GO patients’ clinical activity scores, severity (assessed through modified NOSPECS scores), and other clinical features using multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: Mean serum selenium levels were 109.30 ± 16.39, 111.39 ± 14.04, and 126.09 ± 21.09 ng/mL in GO patients, GD patients, and healthy control participants, respectively. Mean serum selenium levels in Graves patients with and without orbitopathy were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (p < 0.05), and mean selenium levels were slightly lower in GO than those in GD patients (p = 0.594). Serum selenium levels were significantly lower in GO patients with eyelid retraction than in patients without retraction (p = 0.038). However, serum selenium levels were not associated with clinical activity scores and modified NOSPECS scores (p = 0.241 and 0.801, respectively).Conclusions: Serum selenium levels were significantly lower in Graves patients with or without GO, compared to non-Graves control participants. Selenium levels were not associated with clinical activity scores or NOSPECS scores, though we observed an association with eyelid retraction.
Organization of immunization services for public health
Authors: Saidu Yauba
Published: November 2021

Immunization is a key public health intervention that can help nations attain Goal #3 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals as vaccines already prevent about 2–3 million deaths each year.

To be effective, immunization services must be designed and delivered in a way to reach populations who need them, irrespective of who they are and where they live.

Effective national immunization systems must have clear plans based on a vision of the future and a step-by-step process on how the vision will be translated into reality. Such plans are structured around eight topics that go beyond vaccine licensure and recommendations, including management, financing, logistics, human resources, service delivery, vaccine supply and quality, disease surveillance, advocacy and communication.

The cold chain system is the backbone of any immunization program and consists of a network of equipment, material, people, processes, and financial resources that enable safe transportation of vaccines from the factory to the point of administration to the patient.

Immunization service delivery includes any strategies and activities for delivering immunization service to a target population.

Introduction of a new vaccine in a country program requires coordinated decision-making, considering the burden of disease, the characteristics of the respective vaccine and the capacity of the immunization system to deliver it.

Adverse Events Following Immunization is another key component as documentation of vaccine safety is crucial for trust in a vaccination program.

Scientifically valid and timely burden-of-disease surveillance as well as vaccine uptake data are core functions of any vaccination program and needed for information of the public and for timely actions.
Pertussis
Authors: Heinz Wirsing von König Carl
Published: November 2021

The bacterium Bordetella pertussis causes disease by producing various virulence and adhesion factors, among them pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and agglutinogens (Agg), also called fimbriae (FIM)

"Typical" pertussis or whooping cough starts with unspecific respiratory symptoms (catarrhal phase) followed by severe coughing spasms with whoops and vomiting (paroxysmal phase) and only after weeks or months disease severity slowly wanes (convalescent phase).

"Atypical pertussis" with unspecific, long-lasting coughing episodes is seen in adolescents and adults; very young infants may die from apnoea.

B. pertussis is transmitted by droplets, and neither infection nor vaccination produce long lasting protection.

Macrolide antibiotics are given to patients and their contacts to reduce spread of the organism; however, antibiotics do NOT change the duration or course of the disease once symptoms are present.

Whole cell pertussis vaccines (wP) consist of whole inactivated B. pertussis-cells, whereas acellular vaccines (aP) consist of one to five single components like PT, FHA, PRN or FIM. Pertussis vaccines are currently only available as combination vaccines with tetanus und diphtheria (DTP). Among these are DTwP; DTaP; TdaP; and various DTP-combinations with Hib, IPV, HBV vaccines.

Whole cell pertussis (DTwP) combination vaccines are more reactogenic, whereas DTaP vaccines are generally well tolerated.

Some DTwP had good efficacy/effectiveness (90%), it was low (40%) with others. Vaccine efficacy of DTaP vaccines ranges between 70% and 90%. As with most vaccines, efficiency is higher for severe disease.

While pertussis vaccines did control clinical disease, protection is limited. Vaccination is recommended for all infants (three doses) worldwide with a booster in the second year of life. Many countries give additional doses at school entry and in adolescents, and some to adults. Vaccination of pregnant women effectively protects newborn infants and is increasingly recommended.