bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Net Profit of Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Hidayat Imam , Aprilia Sari Petty
Published: March 2024

Pendahuluan/Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laba bersih perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI. Variabel-variabel yang diteliti antara lain biaya produksi, biaya promosi dan volume penjualan. Latar Belakang Masalah: Industri farmasi sedang menghadapi kondisi moderate raised di mana permintaan produk-produk farmasi yang berkaitan dengan penanganan Covid-19 meningkat, di sisi lain permintaan produk yang tidak berkaitan langsung dengan Covid-19 mengalami penurunan. Kebaruan:  Menguji ulang pada variabel yang sama oleh peneliti sebelumnya, dengan data yang dianalisa serta lokasi penelitian yang berbeda. Metode Penelitian: Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda yang didahului oleh uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi & uji heteroskedastisitas. Pengujian hipotesa dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t dan uji F, menggunakan data observasi sebanyak 36 data dan alat analisis menggunakan SPSS. Temuan/Hasil: hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi secara parsial berpengaruh tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laba bersih, biaya promosi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laba bersih, dan volume penjualan berpengaruh signifikan terhdap laba bersih. Kesimpulan: Untuk menekan biaya produksi seminimal mungkin dan menghindari terjadinya pemborosan pada biaya yang terkait dengan biaya produksi untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan laba
Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, Company Size, Audit Committee on Financial Distress
Authors: Wahyudi Ickhsanto , Mahroji  , Hanifah
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Objectives: This paper discusses the effect of liquidity, leverage, company size, and audit committee on financial distress in the hospitality, restaurant and tourism sectors. This research is important to understand the factors that influence a company's potential financial distress.  Background to the Problem: Does liquidity, leverage, company size, and audit committee contribute to financial distress? Novelty: Previous research on this topic in the hospitality, restaurant and tourism sectors in Indonesia has been limited.  Research Method: This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with a sample of 90 financial statement data from 18 companies for the 2016-2020 period selected by purposive sampling techniques. Findings/Results: Simultaneously, all four independent variables had a significant effect on financial distress. Partially, only liquidity, leverage and company size have a significant effect. Conclusion: Liquidity, leverage, and company size are important factors influencing potential financial distress in the sector. The implication is that companies need to manage these three factors optimally to mitigate the risk of financial difficulties
Analisis Implementasi Peraturan Pajak Penghasilan 23 dan Kepatuhan Terhadap Peraturan Perpajakan Terkait Pelayanan Maklon Pada Perusahaan PT. X tahun 2019
Authors: Adang Ferry , Yuliana Khrisna Anggun , Sulivyo Lod
Published: March 2024

Pendahuluan/Tujuan: Dengan adanya penelitian ini maka penerapan Pph aturan 23 atas jasa di bawah umur ditentukan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 141/PMK.03/2015 yang dalam perhitungannya diterapkan pajak sebesar 2%. Latar Belakang Masalah: Peneliti mengkaji realisasi dan tujuan penerimaan pajak untuk mengetahui apakah pemotongan PPh 23 mengalami peningkatan atau penurunan. Meneliti pelaporan SPT rutin PPh Pasal 23 merupakan salah satu cara untuk memastikan kepatuhan pemotongan PPh. Kebaruan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penerapan pajak penghasilan pasal 23 dan kepatuhan wajib pajak sehubungan dengan maklon pada PT. X. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Temuan/Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 23 yang dilakukan PT. X telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 141/PMK.03/2015. Kesimpulan: Dalam hal kesesuaian kepatuhan wajib pajak dari pembayaran dan pelaporan, PT. X dalam pembayaran dan pelaporan PPh Pasal 23 tidak terjadi keterlambatan dan telah sepenuhnya sesuai dengan ketentuan perpajakan UU No. 36 Th 2008.
Examining The Acceptance of Tarannum Smart Learning Application Using Diffusion of Innovation Model
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Zaini , Mansor Nur Suhaili , Awang Hapini , Hasbullah Nurul Auji , Azmi Ahmad Sanusi , Anas Norazmi
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a study aimed at developing a realistic model for understanding users' intention to use Smart Learning Application (SLA). SLA provides users with an intelligent learning platform that enables effective learning management, user-centered networking of intelligent devices, and rapid learning from any location. However, despite the advantages of SLA, its use is not widely accepted. The study used a quantitative approach, and data was collected from 229 respondents using a survey. SmartPLS (v. 3.2.8) was used to examine the relationships between the variables in the proposed model. The study developed a comprehensive model based on DOI that addressed users' intention to use SLA. The findings indicated that the direct influence of Relative Advantage, Compatibility, and Complexity on users' intention to use Tarannum Smart Learning Application (TSLA) was not significant, and hypotheses H1, H2, and H3 were not supported. However, hypothesis H4, which postulated a significant relationship between Observability and Intention to Use, was supported. The proposed model can be used as a basis for improving the learning of various types of tarannum by teachers teaching the holy Quran. The study can be expanded to other Smart Learning Applications to validate the findings and identify more opportunities. TSLA, by design, promotes human-oriented networking of smart devices and applications, making it a suitable tool for encouraging active users. Longitudinal data may be necessary to investigate the variables that impact people's acceptance level of TSLA. The technical implementation of TSLA from a policy maker's viewpoint can be explored in future studies.
Comparison of Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition Profile and Physical Fitness Parameters of Indian National Women Rugby Players According to Their Specific Playing Position
Authors: Sarkar Surojit , Dey Swapan Kumar
Published: March 2024

Background: Scientific researches available on anthropometric and physiological characteristics of female rugby players in India are very scanty. Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compared different anthropometric, body composition and physical fitness parameters and also to investigate whether any distinctive characteristics exist among above variables according to their specific playing position. Methods: Twenty five Indian national women rugby players (forward, n = 12, mean age = 20.9 ± 3.30 and back, n = 13, mean age = 19.7 ± 2.48) of pre-competitive phase were chosen as subject from the national coaching camp. They were evaluated for various anthropometric, body composition parameters, hemoglobin, blood glucose level and physical fitness profile by following standard procedure. Results: Forward players had significantly higher body weight, BMI, fat percentage, sum of skinfold, total body potassium, total body calcium and glycogen content as compared to the back. Whereas, players of back position had significantly higher relative muscle mass (MM/Wt.), relative body cell mass (BCM/Wt.), agility, standing broad jump, VO2max and relative peak anaerobic power than their forward counterparts. Linear regression model identified agility (β = 0.59) and sum of skinfold (β = -0.45) as significant predictor of peak anaerobic power (adjusted R2 = 0.61) of these players. Conclusions: Present study indicated the players of back position were faster, more agile and aerobically fit with having lower body weight and fat percent as compared to their forward counterparts. Whereas, principal component analysis identified BMI, sum of skinfold and agility as the main confounding variables to categorize the present rugby players between forward and back positional groups.
Nap Opportunity As a Strategy to Improve Short-Term Repetitive Maximal Performance During the 5-m Shuttle Run Test: A Brief Review
Authors: Chtourou Hamdi , H'mida Cyrine , Boukhris Omar , Trabelsi Khaled , Ammar Achraf , Souissi Nizar
Published: March 2024

Sleep is fundamental for recovery and good mental, cognitive and physical performance. Many factors could affect the sleep of the physical active people or athletes such as: late night training sessions or competition, Ramadan fasting and jetlag. These conditions that affect the sleep quality have significant negative effects on mental, cognitive and physical performance. Thus, scientists have to find strategies to overcome the perturbation of sleep and to optimize mental, cognitive and physical performance especially for physical active people and athletes. One of the proposed strategies is the nap opportunity. Otherwise, in their routinely training sessions, athletes are required to perform short-term repetitive maximal sprints. One of the utilized exercise for testing or training is the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT). Recent studies concluded that a nap opportunity has a positive effect on performance during the 5mSRT. These studies reported that this positive effect depends on the duration and the time of day of the nap opportunity. Indeed, the positive effect of the nap opportunity was better after a duration of 45-minutes compared to a 25-minutes. Also, this positive effect was reported when the nap opportunity was performed at 14h00 or 15h00. However, no-positive effect was reported when the nap opportunity was realized at 13h00.
Strategies to Ensure Accurate Calculation of Parameters of the VO2 Response Profile During Heavy Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise
Authors: Hill David Wilfred
Published: March 2024

Background: The parameters of the VO2 response profile are obtained by fitting breath-by-breath VO2 data from an exercise test to an appropriate mathematical model. Several strategies have been recommended to ensure, or at least improve, the accuracy of the values. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate two strategies to enhance the accuracy of parameter estimates that describe the two-component VO2 response during heavy intensity exercise. The first was to use data from a number of tests rather than just one. The second was to ‘smooth’ the data, using three-breath, five-breath, or seven-breath rolling averages of the breath-by-breath VO2 data prior to fitting the data to the two-component model. Methods: Twenty participants (eight women and twelve men) performed six 6-min heavy-intensity (midway between the ventilatory threshold and VO2max) cycle ergometer tests. Breath-by-breath data and smoothed data from each test were fit to a two-component model. The parameter estimates from the first test, and the average of the values from the first two, first three, first four, first five, and all six tests were compared against the criterion value, which was the average of all six values obtained using five-breath averages. Results: Modeling five-breath averages of data from the first test generated values for the parameters that were closely related to the criterion values. Modeling data from two or three tests improved the accuracy slightly, but improvements were small, and negligible when more than three tests were included. Conclusions: Depending upon the accuracy required, that is depending upon how close each and every participant’s value must be to his or her ‘true’ value, smoothed data from one or two tests is sufficient to calculate the values that describe the two-parameter VO2 response profile in heavy intensity cycling exercise.
Relationship between Laryngeal Disorders and Respiratory Function in Professional Road Cyclists
Authors: Ebrahimi Samaneh , Irandoust Khadijeh , Ghalishourani Samira Sadat , Gholami Mandana , Avatef Rostami Mohsen , Dickinson John W. , Ahmadi Aslan
Published: March 2024

Objective: Engaging in outdoor cycling, particularly within cold and arid environments, frequently precipitates dryness in the laryngeal mucosa and induces various supraglottic disorders. Such conditions hold the potential to detrimentally impact respiratory system efficiency. This study principally sought to elucidate the influence of supraglottic and upper airway disorders on the respiratory capacities of road cyclist. Methods and Materials: This investigation encompassed seventy-two professional and elite road cyclists, comprising 22 females and 50 males, with an average age of 22 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 21.95(±0.02) kg/m². Utilizing stroboscopic examinations, supraglottic conditions including Sicca, Tension, Edema, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease were assessed. Concurrently, respiratory capacity was evaluated through spirometric tests, encompassing Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second [FEV1], Tidal Volume [VT], Maximum Vital Capacity [VC MAX], Mean Mid-Expiratory Flow [MMEF (FEF25-75)], Peak Expiratory Flow [PEF], and Controlled Mechanical Volume Ventilation [cMVV]. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the relationship between stroboscopic and spirometric findings, additionally exploring correlations between the two. A backward method in regression analysis was used, with Edema (ED), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Dry Laryngeal Mucosa (Sicca), and Tension (TE) serving as predictor variables against spirometric outcomes. Results: Predominantly, participants exhibited low levels of ED, GERD, Sicca, and TE. No substantial correlation emerged between ED, GERD, TE, and any spirometric indices (p-value > 0.05). However, a notable relationship was observed between Sicca and the MMEF index (p-value < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed significant outcomes for independent variables impacting VT and MEF25, with GERD negatively influencing VT in a statistically significant manner. Likewise, GERD's effect on the MEF25 variable was both negative and significant. Conclusion: This research offers critical insights into the impact of adverse training conditions and laryngeal disorders on respiratory function in cyclists. Addressing these concerns could facilitate considerable enhancements in their performance during training and competitive events.
Protocolo de manejo e o tempo de sobrevivência de Alouatta guariba mantidos sob cuidados humanos no Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial/ Santa Catarina
Authors: Dada Aline Naíssa , Francisco Sheila Regina Schmidt , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga
Published: March 2024

A manutenção de primatas em cativeiro exige a utilização de técnicas de manejo exequíveis e que assegurem o bem-estar de animais que se encontram em ambiente restrito e alterado. Neste trabalho apresentamos um protocolo de manejo de bugios desenvolvido no Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial, CEPESBI, localizado em Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brasil, cuja principal atividade é o Projeto Bugio, criado em 1991 com o objetivo principal de manejo e conservação de bugios-ruivos (Alouatta guariba). O protocolo foi elaborado com base em estudos de comportamento de bugios-ruivos em vida livre ao longo dos 31 anos de existência do Projeto Bugio, levando em consideração a biossegurança, aspectos nutricionais, comportamentais, fisiológicos e as condições de saúde dos animais ao longo dos anos de manejo no CEPESBI/Projeto Bugio. Para a avaliação da eficácia do protocolo utilizou-se o tempo de sobrevivência dos bugios que viveram, sendo considerado que, quanto maior o tempo de sobrevivência dos bugios no Centro, melhor adaptado estava o protocolo ao manejo destes animais. No nosso protocolo, os bugios mantidos nos cativeiros no CEPESBI/Projeto Bugio apresentaram um tempo de sobrevida entre 15 e 20 anos, período similar ao descrito para a espécie em vida livre. A partir do compartilhamento deste protocolo de manejo de bugios-ruivos almejamos que este possa ser utilizado ou adaptado às diferentes realidades dos centros de manutenção destes animais ex situ.
Infecção por protozoários em primatas em perigo de extinção (Ateles marginatus) na Amazônia matogrossense
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Murilo Pagani , Clemente Vitória Marinho , Tancredi Ian Philippo , Vieira Julia Moraes , Canale Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: March 2024

No abstract
Machine Learning-Based Students’ Sentiment towards E-Learning amid COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khan Fida Muhammad , Iqbal Zahid , Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Khan Inam Ullah
Published: March 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic has created exceptional difficulties for college and university students. With educational institutions shutting down and an abrupt shift to online learning, students are facing new challenges. Despite the advantages of e-learning, developing nations like Pakistan are experiencing major hurdles due to a lack of internet access and financial constraints. As a result, students' academic performance is being negatively impacted. Researchers are using sentiment analysis of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to gain insight into student experiences during this challenging time. This study seeks to create a machine learning-based sentiment classification system that can determine the sentiment of higher education students in Pakistan towards e-learning classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this research is to identify and categorize the challenges and problems that university students face in their e-learning classes. The research employed Multi-Nominal NB and Gaussian NB classifiers to examine the sentiment of online reviews and comments of students. We achieve 99% accuracy using Gaussian NB and 98% accuracy using Multinomial NB classifiers. According to the study's results, the COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant effect on the education system, with the vast majority of feedback being negative (70%). Only a small percentage of feedback was classified as neutral (29.9%) or positive (4%). This finding underscores the urgent need for better solutions for online learning during and after the pandemic. The study underscores the importance of addressing these unique challenges faced by students in developing countries during the pandemic. There is a pressing need for innovative solutions that can ensure that higher education remains effective and accessible in these challenging times. By utilizing sentiment analysis and machine learning, researchers can gain a better understanding of the experiences of students during this crisis. This understanding can inform targeted interventions and solutions that can improve academic performance and well-being for students in developing countries like Pakistan. The findings of this research provide important insights and recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in the higher education sector.
A Study on Financial Literacy, Investors’ Sentiment, and Financing Decisions with the Moderating Role of Investors’ Experience: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Mohsin
Published: March 2024

This study ventures into uncharted territory by delving into the distinctive interplay between investor sentiments, financial literacy, and investment decisions, all while considering the moderating influence of investors' experience. To enhance the precision of our findings, the study incorporates age and education of investors as control variables in this intricate relationship. Therefore, empirical research is conducted to understand the behavioral pattern of individuals which can stabilize their investment decisions in an emerging market context such as Pakistan. In this study, we intertwine the theoretical perspective of cognitive psychology with investment decisions. To achieve this, three hypotheses are formulated to scrutinize the relationships among investor sentiments, financial literacy, investor experience, and investment decision-making. Data from 100 investors in Pakistan are collected for the analysis. SPSS 23.0 is used to compile analysis results by applying different techniques such as Factor Analysis, Simple & Multiple Regression, and moderating techniques. The outcomes of the study explain that H1 is accepted, which explores that there is a positive relationship between financial investment and investment decision. Similarly, H2 is also accepted and reports that there is a direct association between investor sentiments and investment decisions. Furthermore, H3 indicates a significant finding, suggesting partial moderation in the link between investor sentiment and investment decisions, while demonstrating full moderation in the relationship between financial literacy and investment decisions.
বয়ঃসন্ধির ট্রানজিট পিরিয়ড: প্রসঙ্গ অসমিয়া ঔপন্যাসিক ভবেন্দ্রনাথ শইকিয়ার কিশোর উপন্যাস ‘মরমর দেউতা’
Authors: Das Jahnabi , Bhattacharjee Sanjoy
Published: March 2024

ছোটদের পৃথিবীটা যেহেতু বড়োদের মতো কূট-কাচালিময় নয়, তাই তাদের বিশ্বাসের জগতটাও অত্যন্ত গভীর। নিজস্ব কিছু নিয়মকানুন তাদেরও আছে। বড়োদের চেয়ে আলাদা হলেও যুক্তি বা বুদ্ধি তাদের নেই এটা ভেবে নেওয়াটা মারাত্মক অপরাধ ছাড়া আর কিছু নয়। যেহেতু ছোটদের মন ভীষণ নরম-সরম, যেমন খুশি তাদের গড়ে তোলার একটা সুযোগ থেকেই যায়। এই মন ও চিন্তন সঠিকভাবে গড়ে তোলার অনেকটা দায়িত্ব বর্তায় শিশু সাহিত্যের ওপর। অসমিয়া উপন্যাস ‘মরমর দেউতা’য় কৈশোরের যে টানাপোড়েন ও সংকটের কথা উঠে এসেছে, এই গবেষণায় তার মনস্তাত্বিক আলোচনা করা হয়েছে।
Ecocritical Reading in Select Works of Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Atiquzzaman Professor Sharif
Published: March 2024

Ecocriticism, as an interdisciplinary field of study, has added significant facets to literary criticism. We notice that the recent ecocritical philosophies have been reflected with gravity in Rabindranath Tagore’s works before it was recognised as a discourse. The eco-consciousness that he carefully cultivated in his life was portrayed with great emphasis in his literary and artistic creations. Tagore believed that literature could be a useful tool to reduce environmental disasters and promote the ecosystem by developing consciousness through it. Tagore deemed that the rocky and cruel earth was made habitable only by growing trees. Tree to him was the life founder. So he always sought the development of a close bond between men and trees. With his mystic and spiritual perception of nature, he tried to relocate man’s position in nature. His plays like ‘Raktakarabi’, ‘Muktodhara’, ‘Srabangatha’, a good number of poems, and his paintings show his ideas about deep ecology, shallow ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, ecophobia, and the other aspects of ecocriticism. Segregation of humans from nature is declined in the concept of deep ecology. In some of his writings and lectures, Tagore defended the notion of kinship between man and nature. The idea, that human beings, should take care of nature for their own sake, is related to shallow ecology, and Tagore as the defender of nature worshipped it as a source of regeneration.
History of the Ultrasound Machine in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Douglas Ada , Daniel Anjali , Veluri Savithri
Published: March 2024

This paper goes through the evolution of the ultrasound machine. It examines the various inventions and improvements to the machine over time, starting with the first 2D scanning machine in 1958 to present-day portable point-of-care machines. This paper will further explore the various uses of the ultrasound machine in obstetrics and gynecology over time, including the more recent developments in artificial intelligence. There have been many different modifications and improvements to ultrasound machines over the years making technology increasingly more valuable. Although the machine is used widely in various fields of medicine, it has significantly impacted obstetrics and gynecology.
Mejorando la productividad mediante la implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SGSST): Caso en Establo Monteverde Producciones Ganaderas Andinas S.A.C, Jequetepeque 2023
Authors: Caceda Tirado Carlos Manuel , Garcia Garcia Luwi Alexander
Published: March 2024

The objective of the research has been to develop an Occupational Health and Safety System to increase productivity in the Monteverde Producciones Ganaderas Andinas S.A.C. The study was of a quantitative approach, the type of research according to its purpose is applied, according to its scope it is explanatory and a pre-experimental design was used. To process the data obtained, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, where the normality test and T-Student test for paired samples were carried out, where the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27 was carried out. It was possible to determine that the Occupational Health and Safety System increases productivity for the stable company Monteverde Producciones Ganaderas Andinas S.A.C, obtaining an increase from 8.65 to 10.68, in addition it was verified by means of the T-Student test that said increase is highly significant (sig = 0.001 < 0.05).
Effect of The Effectiveness of Iot-Based Forest Fire System in Detecting Forest Fires on User Satisfaction
Authors: Manurung Maryetha , Rahmah Hikmah , Aziezah Nur , Irmansyah  , Widodo Bayu
Published: March 2024

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pengaruh efektivitas sistem Forest Fire berbasis IoT dalam mendeteksi kebakaran hutan terhadap kepuasan pengguna serta menemukan korelasi di antara keduanya. Penelitian menerapkan metode kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui pemberian kuesioner. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari peserta IT Festival Micro IT 2023 di Sekolah Vokasi University IPB, yang berlangsung pada hari Minggu, 27 Agustus 2023, di Kampus Baranangsiang IPB. Metode analisis data yang digunakan mencakup uji korelasi Pearson, regresi linier sederhana, uji koefisien determinasi, dan uji T. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas sistem Forest Fire berbasis IoT dalam mendeteksi kebakaran hutan menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dan cukup kuat dengan tingkat kepuasan pengguna. Hal ini berarti semakin efektif sistem dalam mendeteksi kebakaran hutan, semakin besar kepuasan pengguna terhadap sistem tersebut.
Application of The Problem Based Learning Model on Measurement Materials in Grade 3 of Elementary School
Authors: Ina Ulfa  , Riska rahmat kanigara
Published: March 2024

Kemampuan seorang guru dalam memberikan proses pembelajaran yang kurang tepat  dan kemudian berdampak pada kurangnya minat belajar matematika siswa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui tingkat hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan Model Pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning) pada mata pelajaran Matematika.  Pada penelitian ini peneliti berupaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah terutama pada pembelajaran matematika terutama pada materi pengukuran. Peneliti  menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu pada siswa kelas III SD Cikeruh 1. Lalu pada Teknik dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti yaitu dengan wawancara, Observasi, dan Sumber literatur yang brelevan dengan yang dibahas peneliti. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada materi pengukur di SD Cikeruh 1, hampir semua siswa antusias dan berpartisipasi aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan kondisi kelas yang ramai dengan pertanyaan dan pendapat yang disampaikan oleh siswa. Selain itu, dari hasil pemecahan masalah hampir semua kelompok menjawab dengan tepat dan benar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat siswa dalam memecahkan masalah sekaligus memahami materi pembelajaran yang diajarkan.
Effect of Wearable Vibration Therapy on Muscle Soreness, Joint Position Sense and Dynamic Balance
Authors: Özmen Tarık , Contarlı Nurcan , Güneş Musa , Şimşek Ayşe , Yana Metehan , Daşar Uygar
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of wearable local vibration therapy (VT) on muscle soreness, joint position sense, and dynamic balance in recovery after squat exercise. Twenty males (age: 22.25±1.97 years) participated in the study. Muscle soreness, joint position sense, and dynamic balance were evaluated before exercise, 24 and 48 hours after exercise. All participants performed six sets of 10 repetitions of squat exercises. VT was applied to one thigh of the participants randomly for 10 minutes after exercise, and the other thigh was determined as the control. The muscle soreness increased significantly for VT (p.05). No significant difference was found between VT and control (p>0.05). No significant difference was found after exercise at knee joint position sense for both conditions (p>.05). No significant difference was observed between VT and control (p>.05). There was a significant difference between before exercise and 48 hours after exercise at anterior direction of the modified Star Excursion Balance Test for VT (p=.033). A significant difference was found between before exercise and 24 hours after exercise at posteromedial (p=.012) direction for VT. There was only significant difference at posteromedial (p=.028) direction at 24 hours after exercise between VT and control. The wearable local VT after squat exercise did not affect muscle soreness and knee joint position sense. However, local VT contributed to the improvement of dynamic balance.
Adición oxidante en complejos de bismuto
Authors: Mato Mauro , Cornellà Josep
Published: March 2024

La adición oxidante es un proceso fundamental en química organometálica que desempeña un papel crucial en una amplia variedad de reacciones de acoplamiento cruzado catalizadas por metales de transición. En los últimos años el bismuto se ha erigido como una alternativa del grupo principal capaz de emular y complementar la reactividad de los metales de transición para participar en ciclos catalíticos redox. Estos procesos también son promovidos por reacciones de adición oxidante, que pueden ocurrir tanto en centros de Bi(I) como de Bi(III). Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo resumir algunos de los descubrimientos más importantes relativos a la adición oxidante en complejos de bismuto que han impulsado el desarrollo del campo de la catálisis redox con bismuto.
Hidrocarburos como reactivos en reacciones de acoplamiento cruzado C–C catalizadas por paladio: Ventajas y retos con una mirada mecanística
Authors: Albéniz Ana Carmen
Published: March 2024

La funcionalización directa de hidrocarburos catalizada por complejos de paladio permite la formación de nuevos enlaces C–C desde las materias primas disponibles, sin necesidad de preparar los reactivos necesarios en reacciones de acoplamiento cruzado convencionales, y por ello es una alternativa sostenible. Estas reacciones requieren la activación de enlaces C–H, un proceso difícil y sujeto a problemas de selectividad. Este artículo recoge una perspectiva general de las reacciones de funcionalización C–H catalizadas por paladio, así como las líneas de trabajo principales en el área para conseguir sistemas catalíticos más activos y reacciones más selectivas.
El sentido del momento dipolar
Authors: Val Castillo Otilia
Published: March 2024

"Explicar y razonar los conceptos fundamentales que se encuentran en la base de la química aplicando los conceptos, leyes y teorías de otras disciplinas científicas, especialmente de la física ”, es la competencia número 6.1 en la asignatura de Química, recogida en el Real Decreto 243/2022. El sentido del momento dipolar difiere según se consulten textos de Química o de Física. En este artículo se hace una breve reflexión al respecto.
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION
Authors: ARABCHUK Yaroslav
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the state of state-building, particularly decentralization in Ukraine and the Carpathian region, as the basis for forming self-sufficient public authorities through the amalgamation of territorial communities and fundamental changes in the principles of forming their resources, including financial potential. The article highlights current theoretical and practical problems of state-building, decentralization, regulation of socio-economic and budgetary processes, and their improvement for the significant enhancement of providing public services to the population and engaging it in state-building processes. It is emphasized that the reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial structure is crucial in building a state, allowing the construction of a democratic governance system, and creating resource conditions for the development of civil society.

The implementation of the decentralization policy in Ukraine is an effective factor in stabilizing the socio-economic situation, overcoming the financial crisis, overcoming contradictions between different levels of government, organizing relations between the center, regions and territorial communities on the principles of distribution of responsibilities and competencies, as well as partnership in providing Ukrainian citizens with state and local benefits, and will help to increase the efficiency of using budget funds at all levels of government.
Monedas sociales en la era digital: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Albert Juan Francisco , Gómez Fernández Nerea , Náñez Alonso Sergio Luis
Published: March 2024

En los últimos años se han experimentado dos procesos de innovación monetaria de forma simultánea: la digitalización del dinero y el auge de las monedas sociales. Estas tendencias se han integrado y han dado lugar a la aparición de lo que denominamos monedas sociales digitales. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos. Por un lado, se realiza una evaluación de las ventajas e inconvenientes de una digitalización completa de las monedas sociales. Si bien las nuevas tecnologías y la digitalización ofrecen ventajas notorias a las monedas sociales como pueden ser la posibilidad de dotarlas de un mayor alcance y eficiencia, también tienen aparejado una serie de retos y problemas. Entre los problemas más importantes destaca la exclusión de uso por parte de los individuos con poco interés o pocas habilidades digitales. Centrándonos en este problema, en la segunda parte del trabajo realizamos un análisis cuantitativo, a través de modelos logísticos multinivel y datos de la encuesta Global Findex, para discernir qué estratos de la población son menos susceptibles al uso de medios de pagos digitales. Conocer los grupos poblaciones que podrían verse excluidos de las monedas sociales digitales puede servir para elaborar y diseñar políticas públicas destinadas a mejorar la inclusión financiera y digital de toda la población.
TRENDS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN FUTURE
Authors: Başer Güngör
Published: March 2024

Demand for textile products is increasing and the adequate supply of textile fibres may become a major problem in coming years because of both changes in world climatic conditions affecting supply of natural fibre sources and because of financial and economic problems. Longer summers and warmer days will support fashion trends for light weight and casual wear. Thus, research on energy saving methods and processes, on fibre modification and structuring of yarns and fabrics will be beneficial.
WATER IN FOOD INDUSTRY – MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: GOLIĆ Bojan , NEDIĆ Drago N. , PEĆANAC Biljana
Published: March 2024

Water is used in different ways in the production of food, thus becoming a part of food. Washing water in the food industry can be a source of bacterial contamination and further endanger the quality and safety of food. The research included samples of water used in the food industry. The study includes 192 samples, of which 75% are from water supply and 25% from wells. Laboratory testing of water was carried out using BAS EN ISO 6222, BAS EN ISO 9308 and BAS EN ISO 7899-2 methods. The aim of the study is to determine the microbiological status of water in the food industry. The study determined 79.69% satisfactory samples and 20.31% unsatisfactory water samples. In relation to the tested parameters, in 12.50% of the samples, an increased number of microorganisms was found at 22°C, while in 10.42% of the samples, an increased number of microorganisms was found at 37°C. When it comes to hygiene indicators, 8.85% of unsatisfactory samples were due to the presence of intestinal enterococci, and 5.73% of unsatisfactory samples were due to the presence of Escherichia coli and coliforms. Considering the presence of coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci in water used in the food industry, there is a risk of microbiological contamination of food through water. This is particularly significant considering the share of well water in relation to the total water used in the food industry.
MICROBIOLOGICAL PURITY IN FOOD CHAIN
Authors: GOLIĆ Bojan , NEDIĆ Drago N. , KASAGIĆ Dragan , JAMAKOVIĆ Amela
Published: March 2024

In addition to microbiological criteria for food (food safety criteria and hygiene criteria in the production process), microbiological purity criteria are a very important link in the microbiology of the food chain. Swab samples of equipment, devices, accessories, work surfaces, work clothes and hands of workers engaged in production, processing and traffic in facilities and vehicles that come into contact with food, and where there is a risk of the appearance and spread of an infectious disease, were used for testing. The examined samples originated from facilities for the production, processing and distribution of food, restaurants and other catering facilities where food is served, educational and social protection facilities (accommodation facilities) and vehicles that come into contact with food. The study was carried out during year 2020 and included 2,958 samples. Laboratory analysis of swab samples was performed using BAS EN ISO 4833-1:2014, BAS EN ISO 21528-2:2018, BAS EN ISO 11290-1:2018 and BAS EN ISO 6579-1:2018 methods. The aim of the study is to assess the microbiological purity in the food chain. Of the total number of analyzed swab samples, 94.22% were satisfactory, and 5.78% were unsatisfactory. Observed in relation to the total number of analyzed samples, 77.19% of the samples were unsatisfactory due to the increased number of aerobic microorganisms at 30°C, and 22.81% due to the increased number of Enterobacteriaceae. Pathogens Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated in any swab sample. The obtained results indicate that the general level of hygiene in the production and distribution of food is at a high level, especially due to the absence of pathogens Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, but that there is still a risk of contamination by Enterobacteriaceae, which are indicators of the hygiene of the production process.
VECTOR ZOONOSES THAT MAY THREAT THE REGION OF SOUTHEAST EUROPE
Authors: VALČIĆ Miroslav , VASIĆ Ana , NEDIĆ Drago
Published: March 2024

The first Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was founded in France (Lyon) in 1762, in order to prevent the cyclical waves of rinderpest at the beginning of the 18th century in Europe. Three centuries later, infectious diseases, including zoonoses, cannot be eradicated in the regions where they appear enzootically, and also thair spread is a real threat to distant regions of the world. A special segment of the infectious diseases studies is focused to the group of zoonoses that are transmitted by vectors. There are numerous infectious diseases of animals and humans, whith the causative agents that are transmitted by insects and arthropods, and in some cases, vectors appear as real hosts and reservoirs of zoonotic agents. Until two decades ago, the appearance of West Nile fever in regions of the world where this zoonosis was enzootic and endemic (for example, the African continent), did not attract the attention of epizootiologists and epidemiologists. However, this infectious disease has caused a disease in a numerous people in our region over the past twenty years, and in some cases the outcome was fatal. Analogous to the example of West Nile fever, it can be assumed that a greater number of vector-borne zoonoses are practically “knocking on the door” of the Southeastern Europe region. That region can be considered a buffer zone, where there are more or less distant regions to the south and east, where until nowadays “exotic” zoonoses appear enzootically, and from which direction we can expect the penetration of vectors, and the infectious diseases they transmit. The potential for the transmission of vector-borne zoonoses primarily refers to diseases transmitted by insects and arthropods. In the case of insects, a sudden outbreak could be expected, for example, of Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya virus infection, Japanese encephalitis or Yellow fever. The fight against such zoonoses should primarily be based on vector control. For some of these zoonoses, vaccines have already been developed for use in human (e.g. Japanese encephalitis) and veterinary (e.g. West Nile fever) medicine. In the case of zoonoses transmitted by arthropods (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tickborne encephalitis), it is expected that the infection will spread slowly but steadily, whereby diagnostic tests and the application of methods of monitoring the presence in animal species that can be indicators of the disease are of more importance. The paper presents the basic mechanisms in the transmission of vector-borne zoonoses as well as certain infectious diseases transmitted by insects and arthropods, which have a significant potential to threaten the region of Southern and Eastern Europe.
NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN SHEEP
Authors: ŠTRBAC Filip , KRNJAJIĆ Slobodan , STOJANOVIĆ Dragica , RATAJAC Radomir
Published: March 2024

Gastrointestinal nematodes are very important parasites of domestic animals, especially in small ruminants. In sheep, diseases usually have a subclinical form with a decrease in body weight and production, and sometimes there can be visible clinical symptoms such as anorexia, anemia, severe diarrhea and protein loss, all of which together can lead to death. Commercial drugs such as benzimidazole and macrocyclic lactones have been successfully used for decades to control these parasites. However, the irrational application of these drugs has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance, a decrease in their effectiveness and consequent economic losses that threaten the sustainability of sheep breeding. In addition, the use of commercial preparations is also associated with the residues in animal products and the environment, and there is also an increase in the price of these preparations. For this reason, novel strategies for controlling of these parasites are actively seeking, with the goal of establishing an integrated approach that involves the application of several different strategies. On the one hand, these include strategies for the rational application of commercial preparations based on refugia (targeted treatments, targeted selective treatments), as well as the combination and rotation of anthelmintics from different chemical groups. On the other hand, an integrated approach implies the use of different alternative strategies such as genetic selection of animals naturally resistant to nematodes, rational management of pastures, balanced nutrition with supplementary nutrients, biological control (use of fungi, bacteria, etc.), development of vaccines as well as the use of botanical preparations (plants and their products such as extracts and essential oils). Various studies have proven the effectiveness of the mentioned strategies in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, whereby the best results are achieved by their combined application. Thus, it is possible to slow down the development and spread of anthelmintic resistance, as well as achieve sustainable control of these parasites and reduce economic losses.
ЗНАЧАЈ ЦЕРУЛОПЛАЗМИНА И Ц-РЕАКТИВНОГ ПРОТЕИНА КАО МОГУЋИХ БИОМАРКЕРА У ДИЈАГНОСТИЦИ МИКСОБОЛИЈАЗЕ ИЗАЗВАНЕ СА Myxobolus cerebralis КОД КАЛИФОРНИЈСКЕ ПАСТРМКЕ (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: ZAPRYANOVA Dimitrinka , URKU Cigdem , NIKOLOV Galin , ATANASOFF Alexander
Published: March 2024

Myxobolus cerebralis је узрочник једне од најопаснијих болести (вртичавост) код салмонида. Припада подфилуму Myxozoa за који је најпријемчивија калифорнијска пастрмка (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Протеини акутне фазе, као есенцијалне компоненте нормалне хомеостазе, потпуно су изучени и користе се као дијагностички и прогностички маркер за процену инфекције и запаљинских процеса код људи и животиња. Када је у питању патологија риба, значај и функција протеина акутне фазе још увек није у потпуности утврђена. Додатно, с обзиром да је, због недостатка специфичних дијагностичких тестова, паразитске инфекције теже дијагностиковати од бактеријских и вирусних, промена концентрације неких од протеина акутне фазе би се могла користити као алтернативни биомаркер за миксоболијазу. Да би се разумео дијагностички значај протеина акутне фазе код риба и да би се разликовале њихове вредности код различитих типова поремећаја неопходна су даља истраживања. У овој студији испитана је промена вредности церулоплазмина и Ц-реактивног протеина након инфламације изазване природном инфекцијом са Myxobolus cerebralis код калифорнијске пастрмке (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Мерења су спроводена биохемијским и ензимским имуносорбентним тестом. Материјал за испитивање је укључивао болесне калифорнијске пастрмке са стопом морталитета од 45%. У будућности, протеини акутне фазе имају реални потенцијал да буду широко коришћени у дијагностиковању различитих болести код риба, јер промена њихове вредности може допринети бољој дијагностици и лечењу, поготово када се промене јављају у току болести. Концентрација Ц-реактивног протеина код пастрмке може да послужи као индикатор здравственог стања. Потребна су додатна истраживања у циљу бољег разумевања дијагностичког значаја протеина акутне фазе код риба и тумачења различитих вредности концентрација код различитих поремећаја.