bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure Mode of Deep-Buried Rectangular Chamber and Upper Bound Solution of Surrounding Rock Pressure
Authors: Zhang Daobing , Zeng Linhai , Lv Zhilin , Yu Xiaochuan , Liu Chang , Jiang Anming , Jiang Xianyong , Li Qi , Yang Yongxiang
Published: January 2025

In order to obtain more reasonable failure modes and more precise surrounding rock pressures of deep-buried underground rectangular chambers, the failure mode of a “wedge-shaped collapse body + arc rotator + logarithmic spiral rotator” deep-buried chamber is constructed based on the analysis of existing failure mode. The upper bound solution of the surrounding rock pressure is derived based on limit analysis. The validity of the proposed failure model and the reliability of the limit analysis approach are demonstrated through numerical simulations, theoretical verification, and comparisons with engineering practices. The influence of various parameters on surrounding rock pressure is analyzed. The results show that each parameter has different influence on the surrounding rock pressure. The surrounding rock pressure q and e increases linearly with the increase in rock gravity γ and chamber size, and decreases with the increase in cohesion c and internal friction angle φ. The surrounding rock pressure q decreases with the increase in lateral pressure coefficient K, while surrounding rock pressure e increases with the increase in lateral pressure coefficient K.
Customized Random Maintenance Policies After the Expiration of a Renewal Repair–Replacement Warranty with Random Charge
Authors: Zhao Lin , Shang Lijun , Liu Baoliang
Published: January 2025

Driven by the trend of integrating monitored data into reliability management to explore innovative and practical approaches for managing reliability, researchers in the industry–university–research community have proposed random warranties. Existing random warranties use the limited mission cycle as a warranty-expiry limit instead of a measurement tool for controlling costs. This either shortens the warranty period for consumers or increases costs for manufacturers. To tackle these issues, this paper integrates mission cycles into the reliability management during the warranty stage and defines and models a renewal repair–replacement warranty with random charge (RRRW-RC) to manage the warranty-stage reliability of products. In the RRRW-RC, the limited mission cycles, acting as a usage limit, are used as a measurement tool to recover the fractional replacement cost within the warranty stage. This is designed to compensate manufacturers for replacement losses without shorting the warranty period, thus achieving the goal of reducing the warranty costs and not shortening the warranty period. The RRRW-RC can classify the usage habits of consumers into the heavy usage type and light usage type. Therefore, based on the usage classification results generated by the RRRW-RC, this paper also customizes two random maintenance policies to manage the post-warranty reliability of products. The first policy includes preventive/corrective replacement and “whichever occurs first,” and is thus referred to as customized bivariate random maintenance first (CBRMF). By revising “whichever occurs first” to “whichever occurs last,” the second policy is similarly represented and is called customized bivariate random maintenance last (CBRML). The policies defined above are modeled in terms of cost and time measures or cost rates, and their derivative policies are presented and modeled by setting parameter values. Numerical investigations are carried out to explore the management insights hidden in the proposed policies. Numerical investigations reveal that, by setting the failure number at an appropriate value, the warranty cost of the RRRW-RC can be minimized and its warranty period can be extended.
Price Prediction for Fresh Agricultural Products Based on a Boosting Ensemble Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Nana , An Qi , Zhang Shuai , Ma Huanhuan
Published: January 2025

The time series of agricultural prices exhibit brevity and considerable volatility. Considering that traditional time series models and machine learning models are facing challenges in making predictions with high accuracy and robustness, this paper proposes a Light gradient boosting machine model based on the boosting ensemble learning algorithm to predict prices for three representative types of fresh agricultural products (bananas, beef, crucian carp). The prediction performance of the Light gradient boosting machine model is evaluated by comparing it against multiple benchmark models (ARIMA, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, XGBoost, and artificial neural network) in terms of accuracy, generalizability, and robustness on different datasets and under different time windows. Among these models, the Light gradient boosting machine model is shown to have the highest prediction accuracy and the most stable performance across three different datasets under both long-term and short-term time windows. As the time window length increases, the Light gradient boosting machine model becomes more advantageous for effectively reducing error fluctuation, demonstrating better robustness. Consequently, the model proposed in this paper holds significant potential for forecasting fresh agricultural product prices, thereby facilitating the advancement of precision and sustainable farming practices.
Rootlets Hierarchical Principal Component Analysis for Revealing Nested Dependencies in Hierarchical Data
Authors: Wylie Korey P. , Tregellas Jason R.
Published: January 2025

Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) is a widely used unsupervised learning method. Limitations of HCA, however, include imposing an artificial hierarchy onto non-hierarchical data and fixed two-way mergers at every level. To address this, the current work describes a novel rootlets hierarchical principal component analysis (hPCA). This method extends typical hPCA using multivariate statistics to construct adaptive multiway mergers and Riemannian geometry to visualize nested dependencies. The rootlets hPCA algorithm and its projection onto the Poincaré disk are presented as examples of this extended framework. The algorithm constructs high-dimensional mergers using a single parameter, interpreted as a p-value. It decomposes a similarity matrix from GL(m, ℝ) using a sequence of rotations from SO(k), k << m. Analysis shows that the rootlets algorithm limits the number of distinct eigenvalues for any merger. Nested clusters of arbitrary size but equal correlations are constructed and merged using their leading principal components. The visualization method then maps elements of SO(k) onto a low-dimensional hyperbolic manifold, the Poincaré disk. Rootlets hPCA was validated using simulated datasets with known hierarchical structure, and a neuroimaging dataset with an unknown hierarchy. Experiments demonstrate that rootlets hPCA accurately reconstructs known hierarchies and, unlike HCA, does not impose a hierarchy on data.
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology-Driven Optimization of Cu–Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Wavy Enclosure with Inclined Periodic Magnetohydrodynamic Effects
Authors: Islam Tarikul , Gama Sílvio , Martins Afonso Marco
Published: January 2025

This study explores the optimization of a Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid within an irregular wavy enclosure under inclined periodic MHD effects. Hybrid nanofluids, with different mixture ratios of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles in water, are used in this study. Numerical simulations using the Galerkin residual-based finite-element method (FEM) are conducted to solve the governing PDEs. At the same time, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and response surface methodology (RSM) are employed to optimize thermal performance by maximizing the average Nusselt number (Nuav), the key indicator of thermal transport efficiency. Thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity are evaluated for validation against experimental data. The results include visual representations of heatlines, streamlines, and isotherms for various physical parameters. Additionally, Nuav, friction factors, and thermal efficiency index are analyzed using different nanoparticle ratios. The findings show that buoyancy and MHD parameters significantly influence heat transfer, friction, and thermal efficiency. The addition of Cu nanoparticles improves heat transport compared to Al2O3 nanofluid, demonstrating the superior thermal conductivity of the Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid. The results also indicate that adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to the Cu/water nanofluid diminishes the heat transport rate. The waviness of the geometry shows a significant impact on thermal management as well. Moreover, the statistical RSM analysis indicates a high R2 value of 98.88% for the response function, which suggests that the model is well suited for predicting Nuav. Furthermore, the ANN model demonstrates high accuracy with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00018, making it a strong alternative to RSM analysis. Finally, this study focuses on the interaction between the hybrid nanofluid, a wavy geometry, and MHD effects, which can optimize heat transfer and contribute to energy-efficient cooling or heating technologies.
Reachable Set Estimation of Discrete Singular Systems with Time-Varying Delays and Bounded Peak Inputs
Authors: Yang Hongli , Yang Lijuan , Ivanov Ivan Ganchev
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the estimation of reachable sets for discrete-time singular systems with time-varying delays and bounded peak inputs. A novel linear matrix inequality condition for the reachable set estimation of the time-varying time-delay discrete singular system is derived using an inverse convex combination and the discrete form of the Wirtinger inequality. Furthermore, the symmetric matrix involved in the obtained results does not need to be positively definite. Compared to decomposing the time-delay discrete singular system under consideration into fast and slow subsystems, the method presented in this paper is simpler and involves fewer variables. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed method.
Qualitatively New Approach to Business Valuation and Company Value
Authors: Brusov Peter , Filatova Tatiana
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work is to develop a qualitative new approach to assessing business and company value. For this purpose, two of the three income approach methods, CAPM and WACC, are modified. When modifying CAPM, a new model, CAPM 2.0, was created, within which business and financial risks were simultaneously taken into account. Moreover, for the first time, this was performed correctly and the inaccuracy, incorrectness and inconsistency of the popular Hamada model were shown. The developed approach corrects some of the shortcomings of the income approach. The new methodology significantly improves the accuracy of the assessment. The closeness of the results of the new methodology to the actual market value of Amazon company (AMZN) shows the importance and validity of this methodology, which should be used to evaluate the business and the value of the company.
An Analytical Solution for the Steady Seepage of Localized Line Leakage in Tunnels
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhang Chi , Li Dongkai
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes an analytical solution for the seepage field when a localized line leakage occurs in a tunnel by accurately considering the boundary conditions at the leakage site, which overcomes the problem of current methods, such as the equivalent method or methods improving on the existing analytical solution for fully drained tunnels, being unable to give an accurate analytical solution. First, the semi-infinite seepage region is converted into a rectangular seepage region using two conformal transformations. Subsequently, in order to accurately consider the boundary conditions at the leakage site, the rectangular seepage region with a discontinuous boundary is divided into three subregions with continuous boundaries, and the water head solution for each subregion is given by using the separated variable method. Finally, the principle of orthogonality of trigonometric functions is specially adopted to construct a non-homogeneous system of equations to solve the unknowns in the analytical solution, and through the inverse transformation of the conformal transformation, an analytical solution for the steady-state seepage field when localized line leakage occurs in a tunnel is obtained. The solution proposed is verified by its satisfactory agreement with the numerical simulation results and existing experimental results, and is much more accurate than the existing analytical solution. In addition, the proposed analytical solution is much less computationally demanding compared to numerical simulations. Finally, the capability of the proposed analytical solution is demonstrated by a parametric analysis of the tunnel burial depth, leakage location, and leakage width, and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.
Active Obstacle Avoidance of Multi-Rotor UAV Swarm Based on Stress Matrix Formation Method
Authors: Qiu Zhenyue , Zhang Lei , Chi Yuan , Li Zequn
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the formation problem of the multi-rotor UAV swarm, this paper adopts a multi-rotor UAV swarm formation control method based on a stress matrix to ensure the stability of multi-rotor UAV swarm formation. On the basis of achieving the target formation through a stress matrix, the formation of a multi-rotor UAV swarm can be rotated, scaled, and sheared. When the obstacles are known, the multi-rotor UAV swarm can pass through the obstacle environment smoothly through rotation, scaling, and shearing transformations. However, this transformation cannot cope with the situation where the obstacles are known. This paper proposes an active obstacle avoidance function for multi-rotor UAV swarm formation based on a stress matrix. Through the detection capability of the UAV itself, the obstacle avoidance function is realized autonomously after the UAV detects an unknown obstacle. Due to the effect of a stress matrix, when the navigator performs the active obstacle avoidance function, the formation of the multi-rotor UAV swarm will be destroyed. This paper designs a virtual UAV and only retains the UAV that controls the flight trajectory of the multi-rotor UAV swarm as the only real UAV to ensure that the UAV swarm formation is not destroyed. This paper proves the stability of the multi-rotor UAV swarm formation through simulation experiments, and the multi-rotor UAV swarm can pass through the obstacle environment smoothly when facing known obstacles and unknown obstacles.
EEG-RegNet: Regressive Emotion Recognition in Continuous VAD Space Using EEG Signals
Authors: Jon Hyo Jin , Jin Longbin , Jung Hyuntaek , Kim Hyunseo , Kim Eun Yi
Published: January 2025

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition has garnered significant attention in brain–computer interface research and healthcare applications. While deep learning models have been extensively studied, most are designed for classification tasks and struggle to accurately predict continuous emotional scores in regression settings. In this paper, we introduce EEG-RegNet, a novel deep neural network tailored for precise emotional score prediction across the continuous valence–arousal–dominance (VAD) space. EEG-RegNet tackles two core challenges: extracting subject-independent, emotion-relevant EEG features and mapping these features to fine-grained, continuous emotional scores. The model leverages 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for spatial feature extraction and a 1D CNN for temporal dynamics, providing robust spatiotemporal modeling. A key innovation is the hybrid loss function, which integrates mean squared error (MSE) and cross-entropy (CE) with a Bernoulli penalty to enhance probability estimation and address sparsity in the emotional space. Extensive experiments on the DEAP dataset show that EEG-RegNet achieves state-of-the-art results in continuous emotional score prediction and attains 95% accuracy in fine-grained emotion classification, highlighting its scalability and precision in emotion recognition.
Dynamical Visualization and Qualitative Analysis of the (4+1)-Dimensional KdV-CBS Equation Using Lie Symmetry Analysis
Authors: Gandarias Maria Luz , Raza Nauman , Umair Muhammad , Almalki Yahya
Published: January 2025

This study investigates novel optical solitons within the intriguing (4+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (KdV-CBS) equation, which integrates features from both the Korteweg–de Vries and the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equations. Firstly, all possible symmetry generators are found by applying Lie symmetry analysis. By using these generators, the given model is converted into an ordinary differential equation. An adaptive approach, the generalized exp(-S(χ)) expansion technique has been utilized to uncover closed-form solitary wave solutions. The findings reveal a range of soliton types, including exponential, rational, hyperbolic, and trigonometric functions, represented as bright, singular, rational, periodic, and new solitary waves. These results are illustrated numerically and accompanied by insightful physical interpretations, enriching the comprehension of the complex dynamics modeled by these equations. Our approach’s novelty lies in applying a new methodology to this problem, yielding a variety of novel optical soliton solutions. Additionally, we employ bifurcation and chaos techniques for a qualitative analysis of the model, extracting a planar system from the original equation and mapping all possible phase portraits. A thorough sensitivity analysis of the governing equation is also presented. These results highlight the effectiveness of our methodology in tackling nonlinear problems in both mathematics and engineering, surpassing previous research efforts.
Trust Region Policy Learning for Adaptive Drug Infusion with Communication Networks in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Vu Mai The , Kim Seong Han , Thanh Ha Le Nhu Ngoc , Roohi Majid , Nguyen Tuan Hai
Published: January 2025

In the field of biomedical engineering, the issue of drug delivery constitutes a multifaceted and demanding endeavor for healthcare professionals. The intravenous administration of pharmacological agents to patients and the normalization of average arterial blood pressure (AABP) to desired thresholds represents a prevalent approach employed within clinical settings. The automated closed-loop infusion of vasoactive drugs for the purpose of modulating blood pressure (BP) in patients suffering from acute hypertension has been the focus of rigorous investigation in recent years. In previous works where model-based and fuzzy controllers are used to control AABP, model-based controllers rely on the precise mathematical model, while fuzzy controllers entail complexity due to rule sets. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents an adaptive closed-loop drug delivery system to control AABP by adjusting the infusion rate, as well as a communication time delay (CTD) for analyzing the wireless connectivity and interruption in transferring feedback data as a new insight. Firstly, a nonlinear backstepping controller (NBC) is developed to control AABP by continuously adjusting vasoactive drugs using real-time feedback. Secondly, a model-free deep reinforcement learning (MF-DRL) algorithm is integrated into the NBC to adjust dynamically the coefficients of the controller. Besides the various analyses such as normal condition (without CTD strategy), stability, and hybrid noise, a CTD analysis is implemented to illustrate the functionality of the system in a wireless manner and interruption in real-time feedback data.
A Study of p-Laplacian Nonlocal Boundary Value Problem Involving Generalized Fractional Derivatives in Banach Spaces
Authors: Alghanmi Madeaha
Published: January 2025

The aim of this article is to introduce and study a new class of fractional integro nonlocal boundary value problems involving the p-Laplacian operator and generalized fractional derivatives. The existence of solutions in Banach spaces is investigated with the aid of the properties of Kuratowski’s noncompactness measure and Sadovskii’s fixed-point theorem. Two illustrative examples are constructed to guarantee the applicability of our results.
Modified Finance-Based Scheduling with Activity Splitting
Authors: Al-Shihabi Sameh , Elazouni Ashraf
Published: January 2025

Construction contractors often rely on external funding to manage financial deficits caused by irregular cash inflows and outflows. To address these cash flow challenges, contractors typically adjust the start times of project activities to prevent shortages while minimizing the overall project duration. However, in severe cases, operations may need to halt if cash flow issues cannot be adequately resolved. This study introduces an alternative strategy to prevent cash shortages by allowing for the temporary suspension of activities, known as activity splitting. In this approach, operations are paused to conserve cash and then resumed when sufficient funds become available. The potential benefit of this method is illustrated through a simple, four-activity project. Extending the application to more complex projects with a set of splittable activities—each having different cash requirements, durations, and associated splitting costs—the challenge lies in identifying the optimal activities to split and determining the precise suspension and resumption times, all while minimizing or avoiding project delays and additional costs. To address this, we present a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that optimizes the scheduling and splitting of activities to minimize project duration without breaching financial constraints. The MILP model effectively identifies the best trade-off between activity splitting and project extension, taking into account the financial and cost implications of the contractor’s constraints. This is demonstrated through a case study that considers different scenarios related to splitting costs and financial limitations.
Urinary Incontinence in Men with Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uysal İsmail , Doğrukök Özgür Nadiye , Golcuk Yalcin , Özden Fatih , Özkeskin Mehmet , Başer Miray , Yücekaya Bircan , Karakoyun Zeynep Nisa
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: To evaluate urinary incontinence (UI) and its effect on quality of life (QoL) in male stroke patients. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 adult male stroke survivors. The individuals’ degree of disability was evaluated using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Barthel Index (BI). The UI assessment was performed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7). In addition, the QoL was questioned with EuroQoL 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L)”. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.4 ± 9.9 years. The average scores of the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 were 9.7 ± 7.2 and 36.6 ± 26.3, respectively. According to these scores, both UI questionnaire results were slightly above the reference cut-off value. According to the UDI-6 scores, 52.4% of the participants exhibited symptoms, while 55.3% demonstrated symptoms according to the IIQ-7 scores. The IIQ-7 was strongly correlated with the MRS (p < 0.001, r = 0.740), BI (p < 0.001, r = −0.770), EQ-5D-3L Index (p < 0.001, r = −0.804), and EQ-5D-3L VAS (p < 0.001, r = −0.679) scores. In addition, the UDI-6 was strongly correlated with the MRS (p < 0.001, r = 0.697), BI (p < 0.001, r = −0.730), EQ-5D-3L Index (p < 0.001, r = −0.726), and EQ-5D-3L VAS (p < 0.001, r = −0.623) scores. Furthermore, the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores were statistically higher in patients with cortical-level involvement (p < 0.05). Regression results showed that the IIQ-7 was associated with the MRS, BI, EQ-5D-3L Index, and EQ-5D-3L VAS scores (R2 = 0.627, p < 0.001). Similarly, the UDI-6 was significantly associated with the MRS, BI, EQ-5D-3L Index, and EQ-5D-3L VAS scores in a multiple hierarchical regression model (R2 = 0.423, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of UI was classified as high. As expected, UI was higher in individuals with increased disability. The QoL of individuals with UI is more negatively affected. Finally, the severity of UI was higher in individuals with cortical stroke.
Investigation of the Ternary System, Water/Hydrochloric Acid/Polyamide 66, for the Production of Polymeric Membranes by Phase Inversion
Authors: Duarte Jocelei , Raota Camila Suliani , Baldasso Camila , dos Santos Venina , Zeni Mara
Published: January 2025

The starting point for the preparation of polymeric membranes by phase inversion is having a thermodynamically stable solution. Ternary diagrams for the polymer, solvent, and non-solvent can predict this stability by identifying the phase separation and describing the thermodynamic behavior of the membrane formation process. Given the lack of data for the ternary system water (H2O)/hydrochloric acid (HCℓ)/polyamide 66 (PA66), this work employed the Flory–Huggins theory for the construction of the ternary diagrams (H2O/HCℓ/PA66 and H2O/formic acid (FA)/PA66) by comparing the experimental data with theoretical predictions. Pure polymer and the membranes produced by phase inversion were characterized to provide the information required to create the ternary diagrams. PA66/FA and PA66/HCℓ solutions were also evaluated regarding their classification as true solutions, and the universal quasi-chemical functional group activity coefficient (UNIFAC) method was used for determining non-solvent/solvent interaction parameters (g12). Swelling measurements determined the polymer/non-solvent interaction parameter (χ13) for H2O/PA66 and the solvent/polymer interaction parameter (χ23) for PA66/FA and PA66/HCℓ. The theoretical cloud point curve was calculated based on “Boom’s LCP Correlation” and compared to the curve of the experimental cloud point. The ternary Gibbs free energy of mixing and χ23 indicated FA as the best solvent for the PA66. However, for HCℓ, the lower concentration (37–38%), volatility, and fraction volume of dissolved PA66 (ϕ3) indicated that HCℓ is also adequate for PA66 solubilization based on the similar membrane morphology observed when compared to the PA66/FA membrane.
UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework Membranes: Structural Engineering for Separation Applications
Authors: Sun Yanwei
Published: January 2025

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recognized as promising materials for membrane-based separation technologies due to their exceptional porosity, structural tunability, and chemical stability. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the advancements in structure engineering and design strategies that have been employed to optimize UiO-66 membranes for enhanced separation performance. Various synthesis methods for UiO-66 membranes are explored, with a focus on modulated approaches that incorporate different modulators to fine-tune nucleation rates and crystallization processes. The influence of preferred orientation, membrane thickness, pore size, pore surface chemistry, and hierarchical structures on the separation performance is concluded. By providing a consolidated overview of current research efforts and future directions in UiO-66 membrane development, this review aims to inspire further advancements in the field of separation technologies.
High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview
Authors: Donnini Riccardo , Varone Alessandra , Palombi Alessandra , Spiller Saveria , Ferro Paolo , Angella Giuliano
Published: January 2025

High energy density technologies for welding processes provide opportune solutions to joint metal materials and repair components in several industrial applications. Their high-performance levels are related to the high penetration depth and welding speed achievable. Moreover, the localized thermal input helps in reducing distortion and residual stresses in the welds, minimizing the extension of the fusion zone and heat-affected zone. The use of these welding technologies can be decisive in the employment of sophisticated alloys such as Ni-based superalloys, which are notoriously excellent candidates for industrial components subjected to high temperatures and corrosive work conditions. Nonetheless, the peculiar crystallographic and chemical complexity of Ni-based superalloys (whether characterized by polycrystalline, directionally solidified, or single-crystal microstructure) leads to high susceptibility to welding processes and, in general, challenging issues related to the microstructural features of the welded joints. The present review highlights the advantages and drawbacks of high energy density (Laser Beam and Electron Beam) welding techniques applied to Ni-based superalloy. The effects of process parameters on cracking susceptibility have been analyzed to better understand the correlation between them and the microstructure-mechanical properties of the welds. The weldability of three different polycrystalline Ni superalloys, one solid solution-strengthened alloy, Inconel 625, and two precipitation-strengthen alloys, Nimonic 263 and Inconel 718, is reviewed in detail. In addition, a variant of the latter, the AF955 alloy, is also presented for its great potential in terms of weldability.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Fatigue Resistance of an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zeng Lingpeng , Chen Jiqiang , Li Tao , Tuo Zhanglong , Zheng Zuming , Wu Hanlin
Published: January 2025

Al-Mg alloy wire modified by Sc and Zr additions was used to prepare a high-strength, non-heat-treated Al-Mg alloy component by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology in the present work, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, as well as their anisotropies of the deposited Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy component were studied. The results show that the microstructure of the as-deposited alloy is composed of fine equiaxed grains with an average grain size of around 8 μm, and nanosized Al3(Sc, Zr) particles (~5 nm) are also evident. The tensile properties and fatigue resistance of the deposited alloy showed significant anisotropy, and the performance of the traveling direction is always better than that of the deposition direction. The ultimate strength, yield strength, elongation, and critical fatigue life (cycles) of the as-deposited alloy along the traveling direction (0° direction) are 362 ± 7 MPa, 244 ± 3 MPa and 24.8 ± 0.3%, and 1.72 × 105, respectively. The presence of weak bonding areas and high tensile (positive) residual stress between the deposition layers deteriorate the tensile properties and critical fatigue life of the sample along the deposition direction.
Blocking TNF-α Reduces Leishmania major-Induced Hyperalgesia and Changes the Cytokine Profile in the Paw Skin of BALB/c Mice with a Potential Positive Effect on Parasite Clearance
Authors: Zaatar Muriel Tahtouh , Salman Sara , Hoblos Reem , Roufayel Rabih , Fajloun Ziad , Sabatier Jean-Marc , Karam Marc
Published: January 2025

The course and outcome of infection with the parasitic protozoa Leishmania major depends on the host immune response which, itself, depends mainly on the cytokine milieu, especially early in the infection. It is widely accepted that INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 usually favor a protective response, while IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 favor a pathogenic one. These and other cytokines also play a major role in Leishmania-induced hyperalgesia via two possible pathways, one involving prostaglandins and the other sympathetic amines as final mediators, preceded by a cascade of cytokines, among which TNF-α seems to play a pivotal role via a still unclear mechanism of action. This study investigates the effects of anti-TNF-α antibody (Infliximab) on L. major-induced hyperalgesia in susceptible BALB/c mice using the hot plate and tail flicks tests, as well as the levels of many cytokines in the infected paws of mice using the ELISA technique. In addition, the parasite burden was assessed using the serial dilution method. Our results show that Infliximab can reduce the induced hyperalgesia, up-regulate TNF-α, IL-1β, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and down-regulate IL-10 and IL-17 in the paws of infected mice. Infliximab may also have beneficial effects on the prognosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by reducing the parasite burden.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus caprae Infections in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Díez de los Ríos Javier , Navarro María , Serra-Pladevall Judit , Molinos Sònia , Puigoriol Emma , Párraga-Niño Noemi , Pedemonte-Parramón Glòria , Pedro-Botet Luisa , Mascaró Óscar , Reynaga Esteban
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcus caprae is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus commonly associated with animals which can also be a zoonotic human pathogen. To date, there is little data available on S. caprae infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the S. caprae infections identified in two hospitals located, respectively, in rural and urban areas of Catalonia, Spain. In this retrospective, observational study, data were compiled from clinical records of all S. caprae infections diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2023. Over the study period, altogether 31 cases of S. caprae infection were identified, with most (23) of these cases occurring in the second half of the period (2017–2023). The mean age of patients was 58.87 ± 20.65 years, and 58.1% were males. Eight patients had had livestock exposure. The most frequent manifestation of infection was skin and soft subcutaneous tissue infections (10; 32.3%), osteomyelitis (6; 19.4%), and joint prosthetic infections (5; 16.1%). All the strains were susceptible to oxacillin, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Twenty-two (71%) of the patients required surgical treatment. Only one patient (3.2%) died, because of aortic prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. Skin and soft tissue infections were the most frequently identified manifestations of S. caprae infection. Over 75% of the cases occurred in the last six years, and 25.8% involved significant exposure to livestock. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to better understand the prevalence and transmission dynamics of this emerging zoonotic pathogen.
An Overview of the Skin Microbiome, the Potential for Pathogen Shift, and Dysbiosis in Common Skin Pathologies
Authors: Smith Anita , Dumbrava Roberta , Ghori Noor-Ul-Huda , Foster Rachael , Campbell James , Duthie Andrew , Hoyne Gerard , Rademaker Marius , Bowen Asha C.
Published: January 2025

Recent interest in the diverse ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that make up the skin microbiome has led to several studies investigating the microbiome in healthy skin and in a variety of dermatological conditions. An imbalance of the normal skin flora can cause some skin diseases, and current culture techniques are often unable to detect a microorganism to further our understanding of the clinical–microbiological correlates of disease and dysbiosis. Atopic dermatitis and rosacea are presentations that GPs often manage that may have an infective or microbiological component and can be challenging to treat. We aim to discuss the implications of the skin microbiome including the impact of dysbiosis on conditions such as these. We will also discuss some clinical pearls for initial and future directions of the management of conditions such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Further research using culture-independent techniques is needed for conditions involving microbial dysbiosis to advance our knowledge of skin disease pathophysiology and guide future management.
Glycosylation Patterns in Meccus (Triatoma) pallidipennis Gut: Implications for the Development of Vector Control Strategies
Authors: Torres-Gutiérrez Elia , Candelas-Otero Frida Noelly , Reynoso-Ducoing Olivia Alicia , González-Rete Berenice , Vences-Blanco Mauro Omar , Cabrera-Bravo Margarita , Bucio-Torres Martha Irene , Salazar-Schettino Paz María Silvia
Published: January 2025

The primary mode of transmission for Chagas disease is vector-borne transmission, spread by hematophagous insects of the Triatominae subfamily. In Mexico, the triatomine Meccus pallidipennis is particularly significant in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. This study focused on analyzing protein expression and modifications by glycosylation in different regions of the digestive tract of fifth-instar nymphs of M. pallidipennis. Two gut sections were dissected and extracted: the anterior midgut (AMG) and the proctodeum or rectum (RE). Proteins were extracted from each tissue sample and profiled by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis; protein glycosylation was analyzed by lectin affinity. Our results showed significant differences in protein expression and glycosylation between both gut regions, with modifications being more frequent in the RE. The proteins HSP70, actin, and tubulin were analyzed, finding a differential expression of the latter two between AMG and RE. Understanding glycosylation patterns provides critical insights into vector–pathogen interactions that could eventually inform novel control approaches. Furthermore, the potential use of lectins as insecticidal agents highlights the broader implications of glycoprotein research in the future development of strategies on vector control to disrupt T. cruzi transmission.
Life Cycle Analysis of the Nitric Acid Leaching Process of Valuable Metals from Photovoltaic Wastes in Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Martínez Monserrat , Gaytán Camila , Barrueto Yahaira , Jimenez Yecid P. , Fuentes Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

The adoption of photovoltaic solar technology for renewable energy generation has been growing rapidly worldwide. In decarbonization processes, the use of photovoltaic panels has been preferred due to their reliability, safety, and efficiency. Specifically, the use of photovoltaic panels has increased significantly in Chile, as the climatic conditions are ideal for photovoltaic solar technology. The expected lifespan of a photovoltaic panel is approximately 25 years, so the amount of photovoltaic waste is projected to rise significantly in the coming decades. Consequently, interest has emerged in establishing policies and processes for recycling and recovering value from photovoltaic waste. The objective of this study is to develop a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the leaching process of photovoltaic modules using nitric acid as a leaching agent and to employ the results to analyze the projected scenario for the Antofagasta region in 2040. Through statistical analysis of currently approved photovoltaic installations, projections were made to estimate the amount of photovoltaic waste and the total value of recyclable material expected to be available in 2040, resulting in an approximate figure of 30,676,367 discarded modules. Simultaneously, a life cycle assessment of the leaching process for photovoltaic waste using nitric acid was conducted using the OpenLCA software. The analysis showed that the proposed process has a high impact on global warming potential (GWP), generating 7.07 kg of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of photovoltaic cell waste. Finally, an environmental and economic comparative analysis was performed, comparing nitric acid with ionic liquids previously studied by the research group. Preliminary results concluded that nitric acid has a significantly lower environmental impact and production cost.
Timing and Nature of Gemstone Tsavorite from Kenya: Constraints from In Situ U-Pb LA-ICP-MS Dating
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Wang Nai , Zhao Siyi , Wang Sen
Published: January 2025

Gem-quality green vanadium grossular (var. tsavorite) is exclusively hosted in the Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Mozambique Belt (NMMB). The geochronology of tsavorite is limited until now, and the accurate crystallization age of the tsavorite in Kenya has remained unknown. Based on conventional gemological analyzing, by means of modern testing methods such as gemological analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Electron probe, the spectral characteristics and chemical composition of tsavorite were determined, aiming to investigate the coloring elements of green garnets and trace the origin of tsavorite samples. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra and chemical composition analysis results show that vanadium and chromium are the main coloring elements in green tsavorite from Kenya. Combining the values of the δ18O (14.11‰) with the V/Cr ratio (around 4.4) of the tsavorite samples, the accuracy of the sample source has been identified. U–Pb dating of tsavorite from Kenya provides a concordant U-Pb age of 626.3 ± 4.6 Ma, in agreement with the weighted mean 206Pb /238U age of 625.9 ± 4.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.36), which indicated that Kenyan tsavorites were generated during the East African orogeny. Application of in situ laser U-Pb geochronology on gem-quality tsavorite to determine the mineralization time of Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Mozambique Belt of Kenya, which is the first step in characterizing the in situ dating analysis of gemstone tsavorite in Kenya mineral deposits
Radiolytic Elimination of Nabumetone from Aqueous Solution: Degradation Efficiency, and Degradants’ Toxicity
Authors: Tartaro Bujak Ivana , Klarić David , Lučić Bono , Bojanić Krunoslav , Bujak Maro , Galić Nives
Published: January 2025

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including ionizing radiation treatment, are increasingly recognized as an effective method for the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Nabumetone (NAB), a widely used NSAID prodrug, poses an environmental risk due to its persistence in aquatic ecosystems and its potential toxicity to non-target organisms. In this study, the radiolytic degradation of NAB was investigated under different experimental conditions (dose rate, radical scavenging, pH, matrix effect), and the toxicity of its degradation products was evaluated. NAB was rapidly degraded at 300 Gy with prolonged irradiation. Mineralization of about 88% of NAB solutions was observed based on the evaluation of total organic carbon (TOC). The most efficient degradation of NAB occurred under N2O conditions, while it was retarded in the presence of thiourea. The water matrix components had a significant influence on the efficiency of degradation. In addition, the main degradation products were identified by LC-HRMS. Toxicity studies on different bacteria showed no significant impact of the NAB degradation products, while in silico predictive methods revealed their slightly increased toxicity compared to the parent compound, but considerably lower toxicity in comparison to its main active form 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (MNA). Additionally, significantly lower toxicities are predicted for degradation products in N2O saturated solution. These results underline the importance of optimizing irradiation parameters for effective degradation and minimizing the formation of harmful by-products. Understanding all aspects of the AOP processes and the toxicological effects of the degradation products ensures effective mitigation of potential environmental and health risks of water treatment processes.
Guava Leaf Extract Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity in Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Gutierrez-Montiel Daniela , Guerrero-Barrera Alma L. , Ramírez-Castillo Flor Y. , Galindo-Guerrero Fabiola , Ornelas-García Ingrid G. , Chávez-Vela Norma A. , de O. Costa Matheus , Avelar-Gonzalez Francisco J. , Moreno-Flores Adriana C. , Vazquez-Pedroza Erick , Arreola-Guerra José M. , González-Gámez Mario
Published: January 2025

Currently, a global health crisis is being caused by microbial resistance, in which Acinetobacter baumannii plays a crucial role, being considered the highest-priority microorganism by the World Health Organization (WHO) for discovering new antibiotics. As a result, phytochemicals have emerged as a potential alternative to combat resistant strains, since they can exert antimicrobial activity through various mechanisms and, at the same time, represent a more natural and safe option. This study analyzes the antimicrobial effects of guava leaf extract in ten clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii, using the agar diffusion technique and the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Additionally, possible improvements in antimicrobial activity after the purification of polyphenolic compounds and potential synergy with the antibiotic gentamicin are examined in this research. Moreover, the effect of the plant extract in cell line A549 derived from lung tissue was also evaluated. The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the strains studied, and the purification of polyphenols along with the combination with gentamicin improved the extract activity. The presence of the plant extract induced morphological changes in the lung cells after 24 h of exposure. Therefore, Psidium guajava L. leaf extract is a potential antimicrobial agent.
Molecular Mechanisms Linking Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Gut–Brain Axis
Authors: Zinkow Anna , Grodzicki Wojciech , Czerwińska Malwina , Dziendzikowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS) through neuronal, endocrine, metabolic, and immune pathways. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are crucial food components that may modulate the function of this axis through molecular mechanisms. Derived mainly from marine sources, these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are integral to cell membrane structure, enhancing fluidity and influencing neurotransmitter function and signal transduction. Additionally, n-3 fatty acids modulate inflammation by altering eicosanoid production, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, and promoting anti-inflammatory mediators. These actions help preserve the integrity of cellular barriers like the intestinal and blood–brain barriers. In the CNS, EPA and DHA support neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission, improving cognitive functions. They also regulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis by reducing excessive cortisol production, associated with stress responses and mental health disorders. Furthermore, n-3 fatty acids influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota, promoting beneficial bacterial populations abundance that contribute to gut health and improve systemic immunity. Their multifaceted roles within the GBA underscore their significance in maintaining homeostasis and supporting mental well-being.
Poly(Acrylic Acid)/TiO2 Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Paper Artwork Cleaning and Protection
Authors: Botti Sabina , Bonfigli Francesca , D’Amato Rosaria , Rodesi Jasmine , Santonicola Maria Gabriella
Published: January 2025

Paper-based artworks are prone to natural aging processes driven by chemical and biological processes. Numerous treatments have been developed to mitigate deterioration and prevent irreversible damage. In this study, we investigated the use of poly(acrylic acid)/TiO2 composite hydrogels, combining their cleaning and protective functions in a minimally invasive treatment. Hydrogels allow for controlled water flow and photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles enhance the hydrogel’s efficacy by enabling the removal of oxidation products and inactivating biological contaminants. Furthermore, this innovative material can act as a protective coating against UV-induced aging, preserving both color and stability of the paper. Raman spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging techniques were employed to evaluate the treatments, allowing for us to differentiate between hydrolytic and oxidative aging processes. Our findings demonstrate that papers coated with poly(acrylic acid)/TiO2 composite hydrogels exhibit significant reductions in oxidative markers, an enhanced color stability, and an overall improved resistance to degradation compared to uncoated samples.