bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value sets and the problem of redundancy in value set repositories
Authors: Gold Sigfried , Lehmann Harold P. , Schilling Lisa M. , Lutters Wayne G.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Crafting high-quality value sets is time-consuming and requires a range of clinical, terminological, and informatics expertise. Despite widespread agreement on the importance of reusing value sets, value set repositories suffer from clutter and redundancy, greatly complicating efforts at reuse. When users encounter multiple value sets with the same name or ostensibly representing the same clinical condition, it can be difficult to choose amongst them or determine if any differences among them are due to error or intentional decision.

Methods

This paper offers a view of value set development and reuse based on a field study of researchers and informaticists. The results emerge from an analysis of relevant literature, reflective practice, and the field research data.

Results

Qualitative analysis of our study data, the relevant literature, and our own professional experience led us to three dichotomous concepts that frame an understanding of diverse practices and perspectives surrounding value set development:

Permissible values versus analytic value sets;

Prescriptive versus descriptive approaches to controlled medical vocabulary use; and

Semantic and empirical types of value set development and evaluation practices and the data they rely on.

This three-fold framework opens up the redundancy problem, explaining why multiple value sets may or may not be needed and advancing academic understanding of value set development.

Conclusion

In order for value set repositories to become more rather than less useful over time, software must channel user efforts into either improving existing value sets or making new ones only when absolutely necessary. This would require major, innovative changes to value set repository platforms. We believe the most direct path to giving value set developers the ability to leverage prior work is by encouraging them to compare existing value sets using advanced interfaces like VS-Hub, and by collecting and using metadata about code inclusion and exclusion decisions during the authoring process.
A longitudinal study of alcohol consumption among adults in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ke Tianhui , Livingston Michael , Zhang Yanqin , Pavlyshyn Damian , Altermatt Aimée , Thomas Alexander , Nguyen Thi , Walker Shelley , Hill Sophie , Coelho Alison , Pedrana Alisa , Stoové Mark , Hellard Margaret , Gibney Katherine B. , Wilkinson Anna L.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Whilst public health measures were effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission, unintended negative consequences may have occurred. This study aims to assess changes alcohol consumption and the heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the pandemic.

Methods

Data were from the Optimise Study, a longitudinal cohort of Australian adults September 2020–August 2022 that over-sampled priority populations at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, developing severe COVID-19 or experiencing adverse consequences of lockdowns. Frequency of alcohol consumption (mean number of days per week) and past-week HED were self-reported. Generalised linear models estimated the association between time and (1) the frequency of alcohol consumption and (2) heavy episodic drinking.

Results

Data from 688 participants (mean age: 44.7 years, SD:17.0; 72.7% female) and 10,957 surveys were included. Mean days of alcohol consumption per week decreased from 1.92 (SD: 1.92) in 2020 to 1.54 (SD:1.94) in 2022. The proportion of participants reporting HED decreased from 25.4% in 2020 to 13.1% in 2022. During two lockdown periods, known as “lockdown five”, (OR:0.65, 95%CI [0.47,0.90]) and “lockdown six” (OR:0.76, 95%CI [0.67,0.87]), participants were less likely to report HED.

Conclusions

Participants alcohol drinking frequency and HED decreased during the pandemic. This study provides a strong description of alcohol consumption during the pandemic and suggests that lockdowns did not have the unintended consequences of increased alcohol consumption.
A speed optimization model for connected and autonomous vehicles at expressway tunnel entrance under mixed traffic environment
Authors: Cai Jianrong , Liu Yang , Li Zhixue
Published: December 2024

Rear-end collisions frequently occurred in the entrance zone of expressway tunnel, necessitating enhanced traffic safety through speed guidance. However, existing speed optimization models mainly focus on urban signal-controlled intersections or expressway weaving zones, neglecting research on speed optimization in expressway tunnel entrances. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a framework for a speed guidance model in the entrance zone of expressway tunnels under a mixed traffic environment, comprising both Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). Firstly, a CAV speed optimization model is established based on a shooting heuristic algorithm. The model targets the minimization of the weighted sum of the speed difference between adjacent vehicles and the time taken to reach the tunnel entrance. The model’s constraints incorporate safe following distances, speed, and acceleration limits. For HVs, speed trajectories are determined using the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). The CAV speed optimization model, represented as a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem, is solved using A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) and the BONMIN solver. Safety performance is evaluated using Time-to-Collision (TTC) and speed standard deviation (SD) metrics. Case study results show a significant decrease in SD as the CAV penetration rate increases, with a 58.38% reduction from 0% to 100%. The impact on SD and mean TTC is most pronounced when the CAV penetration rate is between 0% and 40%, compared to rates above 40%. The minimum TTC values at different CAV penetration rates consistently exceed the safety threshold TTC*, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed control method in enhanced safety. Sensitivity analysis further supports these findings.
Skin as outermost immune organ of vertebrates that elicits robust early immune responses after immunization with glycoprotein of spring viraemia of carp virus
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Zhao Liang , Wei Xue-Feng , Jia Yi-Jun , Zhu Bin
Published: December 2024

As the outermost immune organ in vertebrates, the skin serves as the primary interface with the external environment and plays a crucial role in initiating the early immune response. The skin contains a variety of immune cells that induce mucosal and systemic immune responses, rendering it a prime target for vaccination strategies. Insight into the mechanisms through which vaccination triggers early immune responses is paramount for advancing animal and human health, yet our current understanding remains limited. Given its significance in vertebrate evolution, teleost fish emerges as an excellent model for investigating the early immune response of skin. In this study, we demonstrate that significant quantities of vaccine can be absorbed by the skin and transported to the body through dermis and muscle metabolism by immerses immune zebrafish with glycoprotein of spring viraemia of carp virus. Immersion immunization can elicit robust and enduring immune protection, with the skin triggering a potent immune response early in the immunization process. Analysis of the skin transcriptome revealed the involvement of numerous immune-related genes in the immersion immune response, with indications that HSP70 and MAPK signals might play pivotal roles in the immune process induced by glycoprotein. Co-immunoprecipitation and cell co-localization studies confirmed the interaction between glycoprotein and HSP70. Subsequent research demonstrated that overexpression or inhibition of HSP70 could respectively enhance or impede the expression of JNK and related proteins. However, the survival rate and immune response of HSP70 inhibited zebrafish with glycoprotein treatment were significantly reduced. These findings propose that the interaction between glycoprotein and HSP70 may activate JNK, thereby modulating mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by glycoprotein. This investigation offers novel insights and a foundational understanding of early skin immune reactions.
H5 subtype avian influenza virus induces Golgi apparatus stress response via TFE3 pathway to promote virus replication
Authors: Yin Yuncong , Kan Xianjin , Miao Xinyu , Sun Yingjie , Chen Sujuan , Qin Tao , Ding Chan , Peng Daxin , Liu Xiufan
Published: December 2024

During infection, avian influenza virus (AIV) triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a well-established phenomenon in previous research. The Golgi apparatus, situated downstream of the ER and crucial for protein trafficking, may be impacted by AIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether this induces Golgi apparatus stress (GAS) and its implications for AIV replication. We investigated the morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus and identified GAS response pathways following infection with the H5 subtype AIV strain A/Mallard/Huadong/S/2005. The results showed that AIV infection induced significant swelling and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in A549 cells, indicating the presence of GAS. Among the analyzed GAS response pathways, TFE3 was significantly activated during AIV infection, while HSP47 was activated early in the infection process, and CREB3-ARF4 remained inactive. The blockade of the TFE3 pathway effectively inhibited AIV replication in A549 cells and attenuated AIV virulence in mice. Additionally, activation of the TFE3 pathway promoted endosome acidification and upregulated transcription levels of glycosylation enzymes, facilitating AIV replication. These findings highlight the crucial role of the TFE3 pathway in mediating GAS response during AIV infection, shedding light on its significance in viral replication.
Structural characterization of the full-length Hantaan virus polymerase
Authors: Keown Jeremy R. , Carrique Loïc , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Fodor Ervin , Grimes Jonathan M.
Published: December 2024

Hantaviridae are a family of segmented negative-sense RNA viruses that contain important human and animal pathogens. Hantaviridae contain a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that replicates and transcribes the viral genome. Here we establish the expression and purification of the polymerase from the Old World Hantaan virus and characterise the structure using Cryo-EM. We determine a series of structures at resolutions between 2.7 and 3.3 Å of RNA free polymerase comprising the core, core and endonuclease, and a full-length polymerase. The full-length polymerase structure depicts the location of the cap binding and C-terminal domains which are arranged in a conformation that is incompatible with transcription and in a novel conformation not observed in previous conformations of cap-snatching viral polymerases. We further describe structures with 5′ vRNA promoter in the presence and absence of a nucleotide triphosphate. The nucleotide bound structure mimics a replication pre-initiation complex and the nucleotide stabilises the motif E in a conformation distinct from those previously observed. We observe motif E in four distinct conformations including β-sheet, two helical arrangements, and nucleotide primed arrangement. The insights gained here guide future mechanistic studies of both the transcription and replication activities of the hantavirus polymerase and for the development of therapeutic targets.
Refusals and Reinventions: Engendering New Indigenous and Black Life across the Americas, Daniel Ìgbín’bí Coleman (2024)
Authors: Hughes Carys
Published: December 2024

Review of: Refusals and Reinventions: Engendering New Indigenous and Black Life across the Americas, Daniel Ìgbín’bí Coleman (2024)

Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 169 pp.,

IBSN 978-0-81425-904-7, p/bk, $29.95
Changes in the self-determination and cultural and social life of the Croatian, Slovenian and Serbian nationalities in Hungary until 2019 in the light of the legislative changes
Authors: Bali Lóránt
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to show how the socio-economic conditions of the Slovenes, Croats and Serbs have evolved over the last thirty years. In the thirty-year period after the regime change, the system of relations of self-determination of nationalities has undergone continuous change and development. The study also deals in depth with the nationality policy of state-socialist Hungary. Without this background, it would not be possible to evaluate the first thirty years correctly. The self-organization and cultural life of the nationalities under study is significantly influenced by the fact that the majority of them live in rural areas in underdeveloped regions of the country. The cultural elite of each nationality was late in coming into being or had to completely reorganise itself after state socialism. In this study, I focus primarily on legislative changes and local elections. I also present the specificities of national cultural civil society organisations.
A Bartha József vezette üzleti körök szerepe a magyar kereskedelmi tengerészet történetében (1929–1949).
Authors: Pelles Márton
Published: December 2024

The golden age of the development of the Hungarian merchant marine was interrupted by the Trianon peace decree that ended the First World War. In landlocked Hungary, many former sailors and ship owners were left without livelihood and property due to the merchant fleet taken away due to war reparations. Jenő Polnay first tried to solve the crisis that arose, but his activities between 1921 and 1929 were unsuccessful. In 1929, however, a new organizer appeared on the scene: József Bartha, a Hungarian shipowner from Trieste, who, through his extensive business connections could take an advantage of the discounts provided by the Hungarian state, founded a number of shipping companies in the 1930s. In our study, we present how József Bartha was able to unite groups of international ship owners, Hungarian sailors, professionals and investors in a wide variety of relationships, and how he brought the Pannónia Hungarian Shipping Co., the Hungarian Overseas Shipping Company, the Hungarian Orient-Line Shipping Company, and the Merchant Shipping Company. Our research is the first to write the history of these companies, using the wide range of Hungarian archives, relevant literature, daily press materials and statistical sources.
A gazdasági átalakulás tapasztalatai Csehországban, Szlovákiában, Lengyelországban és az egykori Német Demokratikus Köztársaságban (1990-2000)
Authors: Domonkos Endre
Published: December 2024

During the period from 1989 to 1990, economic and political transition in Central and Eastern Europe was accompanied by the general liberalisation and opening up of markets to foreign investors. This process started at the end of the 80s, which coincided with the general crisis of “state socialism” in the region. It is worth mentioning that there were substantial differences in the creation of a free market economy among the Central and Eastern European countries. Whereas Poland applied shock treatment based on the general principles of the Washington Consensus, Czechoslovakia followed a double policy by pursuing the concept of neoliberal economic policy and the road of “gradualism” to avoid the negative impacts of the transformation process such as the emergence of mass unemployment and bankruptcy of state-owned companies. As a result of the Treaty Establishing a Monetary, Economic and Social Union, the German Democratic Republic became an organic part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990, which required the introduction of liberalisation measures. Although the Central and Eastern European countries followed a different road in the creation of a free enterprise market economy in the 1990s, but by the turn of the millennium due to the privatisation of state-owned assets, privately held companies accounted for 70 per cent of GDP, whilst the share of the state sector was 30 per cent. The objective of the paper is to highlight the experiences of economic transition in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) by comparing its main characteristics and stages. Besides macroeconomic stabilisation, emphasis will be placed on evaluating the achievements of privatisation and its main consequences. Due to length constraints, the essay will not focus on the social impacts of the transformation process in Central and Eastern Europe.
Értékteremtés a közlekedésben a határmenti közlekedési közszolgáltatások fejlesztésével
Authors: Feketéné Benkó Kata
Published: December 2024

The territories and borders of the countries in Europe changed a lot during the last century, which had a positive effect on some states and a negative effect on others, but in all cases it can be said that it led to a reorganization of territorial processes. In addition to Hungary’s territorial loss, it does not have a border region where the new state border would not have split a naturally formed region in two. Borders, among other things, by eliminating transport options, turned the border areas into „backwaters”, which led to their devaluation. The aim of the research is to prove that the specific aspect of value creation is the creation of cross-border transport, within this, the realization of transport accessible to everyone by creating the availability of public transport services. The purpose of cross-border transport is to improve the situation of two peripheral areas that exist side by side, but are incapable of lasting cooperation with each other due to the lack of transport connections. The first stage of connections is the existence of the infrastructure, on which certain activities can be carried out, such as individual modes of transport, organized group transport and goods transport. However, the existence of public transport or public transport services occupies a special place in the formation of regions. During the research, in addition to the state of the infrastructure, different public transport services were mapped and compared, and the value-creating power of public transport services was verified by comparing social and economic phenomena.
A educação/escolarização das mulheres egressas do sistema penitenciário
Authors: Falcade Ires Aparecida
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo refere-se à percepção e experiência de mulheres egressas do sistema penitenciário sobre educação/escolarização ao longo de suas vidas, incluindo o período enquanto estiveram em privação de liberdade. Aborda dados da tese de doutorado A (re)inserção social de mulheres com histórias de privação de liberdade, Falcade (2019). A referida pesquisa de caráter exploratório, qualitativa, teve a participação de 20 mulheres egressas do sistema penitenciário de Curitiba e Região metropolitana. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa e coleta de dados o questionário com 46 questões e observação durante sua aplicação. Com objetivo de discutir e analisar os impactos da frequência ou não às aulas durante suas vidas, este artigo aborda recorte específico referente a questão escolar vivenciada em suas vidas, antes, durante e após a privação de liberdade. Para isso, utilizou-se a metodologia e os dados da tese referente aos diversos fatores sobre suas vidas no retorno à liberdade e o impacto da experiência escolar na privação de liberdade no seu regresso. Um dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa e que aqui é discutido, demarcou a importância das atividades escolares em suas vidas e a importante vivência e mediação do/a professor/a no resgate da autoestima e dignidade humana entre muros e grades e em liberdade.
Imaginação e criação em Vigotski: (re)significação da produção literária na alfabetização de crianças
Authors: Carlos Thais Rodrigues , De Oliveira Bárbara Cortella Pereira
Published: December 2024

Enfocam-se neste artigo as relações entre imaginação e criação na infância e as possibilidades de produção literária em sala de aula. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo sobre a obra Imaginação e criação na infância, de Lev S. Vigotski, ancorado na perspectiva da psicologia Histórico-Cultural de Vigotski (2009a, 2007b, 2008c) e uma revisão bibliográfica de obras e artigos científicos que tratem de temáticas correlatas. Apresentam-se autores como Smolka (2012), Pino (2005a, 2006b), Guimarães (2017), Silva (2006) e Cruz (2011) e problematizam-se algumas questões: quais as relações entre imaginação e criação na infância, qual o conceito vigotskiano de imaginação, como a linguagem contribui para esse processo e quais são os principais conceitos apresentados pelo autor. Constatou-se a estreita relação entre os processos de imaginação e criação para a infância e a necessidade das escolas propiciarem espaços e tempos adequados em seus currículos para que as crianças possam vivenciar esse processo de produção literária, desde a educação infantil e ciclo de alfabetização. Também compreendemos a importância da realização de mais estudos sobre essa temática que identifiquem quais e como as práticas pedagógicas contribuem para o desenvolvimento das funções superiores na infância, assim, a pesquisa de campo apresenta-se como uma futura proposta de estudo em relação ao tema desse artigo.
Metodologias‌ ‌ativas‌‌ em tempos de crise: estratégias ‌de‌ ‌conhecimento‌ ‌no‌ ‌processo‌ ‌de‌ ‌ensino‌ ‌e‌ ‌aprendizagem‌‌
Authors: Roslindo Paranhos William
Published: December 2024

Com o propósito de obter êxito no processo de ensino-aprendizagem frente aos desafios em tempos de crise em virtude do da pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) e a doença por ele causada, o Covid-19, em que a sala de aula se torna um lócus de potencial contágio, teve-se de forma emergencial uma transformação na forma de ensinar. Tal fato traz consigo a necessidade de utilizar metodologias ativas e significativas, fundamentadas nos princípios da pedagogia interativa, trazendo à tona o estudante como protagônico, por meio de experiências sentidas e vividas. Com base nessa premissa, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o uso de metodologias ativas como estratégias de conhecimento no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em tempos de crise. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, descritiva, configurando-a como de abordagem qualitativa. Em relação à coleta de dados, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica na obtenção de dados primários e a aplicação de questionário para os dados secundários. Com esse estudo, concluiu-se que foram necessárias e imprescindíveis mudanças na forma de ensino-aprendizagem em tempos de crise, utilizando as ferramentas tecnológicas como suporte, protagonizando o aluno, permitindo formas diferenciadas na busca de conhecimentos, sendo esse, o “novo normal” no âmbito educacional.
As TDICs a partir da análise de três livros do professor do componente curricular História
Authors: Duarte Cláudia dos Santos , Rondini Carina Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Este artigo se propõe analisar de que forma as TDICs têm sido apresentadas em três livros para o professor, as quais se encontram em três livros didáticos de História utilizados para o 1º ano do Ensino Médio, tendo como referência determinados autores, como Bittencourt (2019), Bonilla, (2018) e Mill (2013), dentre outros. Também serão discutidas questões pertinentes ao livro didático de História. Finalmente, será uma pesquisa de cunho documental a partir da análise de três livros do professor utilizados no Ensino Médio: História, dos autores Cotrim e Cotrim (2020); Orientações didáticas do Movimento do Aprender – História: 1º ano Ensino Médio, de autoria do SESI-SP – Serviço Social da Indústria São Paulo – (2020), e História – Ciências Humanas – Ensino Médio – 1º ano, elaborado pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo (2014-2017). Serão identificadas as referências à utilização das TDICs em cada livro, além de elaborada uma reflexão sobre a menção ao uso destas tecnologias nas aulas de História. Observaram-se várias sugestões de leituras de textos, por exemplo, mas não se identificou nos livros a utilização de recursos como softwares. Verificou-se igualmente que, as alusões às TDICs remetem à ideia de que tais recursos são um complemento somente, não abordando uma possível apropriação das tecnologias como recursos não somente para a transmissão de informações, mas também para a construção do conhecimento histórico. Certamente, as TDICs podem favorecer a inserção dos estudantes em atividades de pesquisa, de reflexão, de análise e de investigação, desde que, os estudantes sejam produtores e não só consumidores do conhecimento.
MEMO - Multicentro Educacional Modena Sergio Neri: uma entrevista com Franca Amadei
Authors: Sommerhalder Aline , Alves Fernando Donizete
Published: December 2024

Nesta entrevista, Franca Amadei, responsável pela Biblioteca Pedagógica do MEMO - Multicentro Educativo Modena Sergio Neri, situada na cidade de Modena, norte da Itália, aborda sua trajetória pessoal e profissional focando o trabalho no MEMO. Também aborda aspectos do pensamento de Sergio Neri, pedagogo e personagem importante do movimento de renovação da escola, particularmente de educação infantil, italiana no pós-guerra. O MEMO é uma estrutura do Departamento de Serviços Educacionais e Igualdade de Oportunidades do Município de Modena, credenciado como um centro de serviços e consultoria para instituições escolares autônomas na Emilia-Romagna, atendendo principalmente escolas e comunidade de Modena.  Ele foi criado em 2004 a partir da fusão de vários serviços vinculados a Secretaria de Educaçãode Modena tais como: o Centro de Documentação Educacional, o Centro de Documentação sobre Deficiência, a Biblioteca Pedagógica, os Itinerários Escola-Cidade, o Centro Intercultural/Educação de Adultos, constituindo-se em um sistema integrado e articulado de serviços para apoiar as instituições educacionais da região que operam na faixa etária de 0 a 18 anos.
Body awareness and dyspraxia: between theory and practice
Authors: Magnanini Angela , Pannone Chiara
Published: December 2024

This essay aims to address a gap in the educational literature, specifically the limited studies on dyspraxia and potential interventions in schools. By intertwining theoretical and practical dimensions, the essay seeks to elucidate how to effectively intervene with children with dyspraxia within an educational setting. The embodied cognition perspective recommends early engagement with body awareness to address the educational needs and enhance the skills of children with dyspraxia. Following a theoretical introduction, the essay provides practical guidance for teachers, divided into six distinct areas. The authors advocate an inclusive approach, emphasising the importance of not only focusing on the child with dyspraxia but also involving the whole class. This inclusive perspective is believed to be beneficial for all pupils.
O discurso de Glauco e o nascimento do tirano em República II
Authors: Pamplona Matheus Jorge do Couto Abreu
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, defenderei que o recurso à imagem de Giges que é feita por Glauco no livro II da República de Platão serve ao propósito de demonstrar que, dada a ambição (πλεονεξία) que é própria à natureza humana, a concessão de um poder ilimitado a quem quer que seja conduz fatalmente à tirania. Antes disso, contudo, reconstruirei a hipótese de Glauco para a origem da justiça e por fim sustentarei como Glauco, ao final do seu discurso, procura superar o plano alegórico do relato que ele faz de Giges, sem, por outro lado, renunciar aos princípios que ali são postulados. Com isso, pretendo também mostrar que o discurso de Glauco constitui uma unidade minimamente consistente.
Palavras-chave: Glauco; Giges; Técnica; Tirania.
Glaucon’s speech and the birth of the tyrant in Republic II
Abstract: In this article, I argue that Glaucon's use of the image of Gyges in Book II of Plato's Republic is intended to demonstrate that, given the human tendency towards ambition (πλεονεξία), the granting of unlimited power to anyone inevitably leads to tyranny. Before that, I first explain Glaucon’s hypothesis for the origin of justice. Then, I maintain how Glaucon attempts to go beyond the allegorical level of the Gyges story in his speech's conclusion, while still holding onto the principles presented therein. Through this, I aim to demonstrate that Glaucon's speech is a consistent unit.
Key-words: Glaucon; Gyges; Skill; Tyranny.
Le discour de Glaucon et la naissance du tyrant dans le livre II de la République
Résumé: Dans cet article, je soutiendrai que l'utilisation de l'image de Gygès par Glaucon dans le Livre II de La République de Platon vise à démontrer que, compte tenu de la tendance humaine à l'ambition (πλεονεξία), l'octroi d'un pouvoir illimité à quiconque conduit inévitablement à la tyrannie. Avant cela, j'expliquerai d'abord l'hypothèse de Glaucon sur l'origine de la justice. Ensuite, je maintiendrai comment Glaucon cherche à dépasser le niveau allégorique de l'histoire de Gygès dans la conclusion de son discours, tout en conservant les principes présentés dans celui-ci. Ainsi, je vise à démontrer que le discours de Glaucon constitue une unité cohérente.
Mots-clés: Glaucon; Gygès; Expertise; Tyrannie.
Data de registro: 01/08/2023
Data de aceite: 22/11/2023
Poder político y defección estratégica: judicialización de la clase política por parte de la Corte Suprema de Justicia en Colombia (2008-2018)
Authors: Guzmán Rincón Andrés Mauricio , Leyva Ramírez Eric , González Coca Nancy Johana
Published: December 2024

El artículo identifica los rasgos distintivos que expresan la defección estratégica adelantada por la CSJ frente al gobierno del expresidente Uribe a partir del juzgamiento penal de aforados. Para tal fin se reconstruyó el marco jurídico e institucional que posibilitó el accionar estratégico de la Corte y sus tensiones. Mientras que a partir del análisis estadístico y jurisprudencial se logró precisar los efectos en el sistema político de esta intervención: Por una parte una significativa y progresiva reconfiguración de las fuerzas oficialistas en el Congreso de la República en los periodos constitucionales de gobierno, un mayor reproche de legitimidad al gobierno desde la ciudadanía y en el ámbito judicial el posicionamiento de la Corte como un poder independiente que ejerció su supremacía frente a las instancias inferiores ante la estrategia evasiva de renunciar al fuero por parte de los acusados.
Discourse, Knowledge, and Practice
Authors: Lucero Edgar
Published: December 2024

This article presents the findings of a three-stage qualitative study examining how English language teacher education in Colombia conceives its teaching practicum and student-teachers. Insights emerged from three key sources: English language student-teachers’ autoethnographies, Colombian-authored scholarly articles, and undergraduate programs’ relevant institutional documents. We analyzed each source using tailored methodologies: narrative analysis, epistemic discourse analysis, and documentary analysis. The findings reveal that the practicum is understood by three points of convergence: foundation, knowledge, and practice. This framework defines English language student-teachers by their discourse, knowledge, and practice. The study highlights that the teaching practicum is a pivotal space where student-teachers apply language education discourses and their knowledge in practice. Reflecting on how English language student-teachers are formed and how the practicum is conceived has prompted the undergraduate programs and the community to advocate for a transformation from a theoretical approach to a more flexible, experience-based approach.
Поп-культура, фэндомы и нейросети: фанаты встречаются с ИИ
Authors: Ним Евгения Генриевна
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу и концептуализации процессов распространения ИИ-технологий в фан-культуре. Автор рассматривает фэндомы как медиатизированные креативные сообщества, раскрывает взаимосвязи искусственного интеллекта и фан-культуры, выявляет различные типы отношения к генеративному ИИ на примере двух фан-комьюнити. В статье выделены основные линии пересечения ИИ и фэндома: технологии ИИ модифицируют объекты фанатского интереса; меняют пространство, структуру и креативные практики фэндомов; встраиваются в инновационные фанатские сервисы; применяются для аналитики фэндомов; актуализируют вопросы этики и права в культурах соучастия. Экспансия искусственного интеллекта (в частности, нейросетей) вызвала поляризацию фэндома: в то время как одни фанаты активно применяют нейросети для редактирования и создания контента, другие считают это неуместным. Предварительные наблюдения в двух фан-комьюнити показали, что критические и протестные фан-дискурсы вокруг генеративного ИИ сфокусированы на трех идеях: а) использование ИИ противоречит концепции фэндома; б) сегодняшний ИИ как технология несовершенен; в) текущие практики обучения и применения ИИ неэтичны. В статье обозначены дальнейшие перспективы изучения взаимодействия фэндомов с искусственным интеллектом, которые позволят расширить границы как fan studies, так и социальных исследований ИИ.
Impact of national development programs and legislations on the cereal crops seed sector in Iraq
Authors: Saloua Ben ammou , Abdulqader Ammar Mamdooh , Al-Aqidi Ahmed Muhammad Jassim
Published: December 2024

Agriculture is a crucial economic sector in Iraq, benefiting from abundant natural resources, skilled labor and essential infrastructure. These elements have enabled the sector to play a significant role in agricultural development, particularly in the production of strategic crops. Between 2010 and 2020, the Iraqi government implemented various policies and legislation aimed at advancing the seed sector. These efforts focused on supporting and developing seed-producing entities across governmental, mixed and private sectors, positioning them as essential instruments for executing the strategies of the government. Modern agricultural technologies, especially improved seeds, have been vital in boosting productivity and reducing costs. Therefore, the government has prioritized the adoption of advanced technologies within its agricultural policies and programs. These scientific innovations, particularly in seed production, are key to enhancing the cultivation of strategic crops. Improved seeds have thus become a cornerstone of Iraq’s agricultural development, contributing to both increased productivity and sustainable farming practices. This research aims to clarify the role of national development programs and legislation in strengthening the seed sector and increasing the production of strategic crops in Iraq. It reviews the progress in grain crop production between 2006 and 2020 and examines the most significant aspects of government policies, highlighting how legislation and national programs have played a pivotal role in the production of higher-grade seeds and the development of strategic crop cultivation.
Energy use, emission rate and economic growth linkages among Asian superpowers
Authors: Kalpana E Nithya , Shivakumar K M
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the relationship between energy use, economic growth and emission rates for Asian giants such as China, India and Japan. As these countries are the regional economic powers and also the major global carbon emitters, it is inevitable to conduct a research study to find the possible relationship between energy use, emission and growth among these countries by the panel data analysis over the period from 1991 to 2020. Higher energy usage increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries, with agricultural sectors, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and urban populations contributing significantly. Energy use influences economic growth and emission levels, positively affecting GHG emissions. Furthermore, current initiatives taken by these three Asian superpowers for net zero carbon emission and relevant suggestions are also highlighted for emission reduction without compromising the economic growth and sustainable use of energy resources.
Influence of mesoscale eddies on the spring phytoplankton groups in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: González-Fernández José Manuel , Luna-Soria Ruth , Alexander-Valdés Héctor Mauricio , Durán-Campos Elizabeth , Coria-Monter Erik , Gracia Adolfo
Published: December 2024

In this study, we analyzed the abundance and distribution of eight major phytoplankton groups and their relationship to hydrography and nutrient concentrations in oceanic waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico based on 63 stations sampled during April and May 2017. At each location, a CTD/Rosette system configured with Niskin bottles was used to acquire high-resolution hydrographic data and collect water samples at standard depths for chemical determination (nutrients and chlorophyll-a) and identification of phytoplankton cells. Cold and warm cores corresponding to cyclonic/anticyclonic eddies were recorded, which influenced the vertical and horizontal distributions of nutrients and chlorophyll-a. In terms of phytoplankton, Dinophyceae was the most abundant group, accounting for 454,160 cells l−1. Phytoflagellates recorded 171,939 cells l−1; Cyanophyceae 50,720 cells l−1; Bacillariophyceae 25,457 cells l−1; Haptophyta 15,851 cells l−1; and Silicoflagellata 7,940 cells l−1. The two groups with the lowest abundances were Raphidophyceae and Chlorophyceae, with 1,557 and 882 cells l−1, respectively. The vertical distributions and abundances of the eight groups showed different patterns. Three main large regions of high abundance (>10,000 cells l−1) coincided with nutrient-rich cold cores, particularly in the southern portion. Each phytoplankton group is related to specific hydrographic and chemical parameters.
High order moment conserving method of classes in CFD code
Authors: Jama Mohamed Ali , Buffo Antonio , Zhao Wenli , Alopaeus Ville
Published: December 2024

Dispersed multiphase flows are widely present in the majority of chemical process industry equipment. For the purpose of design, optimization, and scale up of these industrial systems, robust, accurate and fast simulation methods are needed, especially when coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with population balance models (PBM). In this work, the high-order moment conserving method of classes (HMMC) is implemented and tested within the commercial CFD software of ANSYS Fluent with two simple well-defined test cases and a realistic 3D simulation of rotating disc (RDC) extractor. Firstly, a zero-dimensional PBM with well-mixed assumption and no convection was solved for a single computational cell in Fluent to verify the implementation in comparison with a simple reactor model in MATLAB. Secondly, the convection was considered by solving a one-dimensional PBM for three computational cells side by side in Fluent and compared with an equivalent three staged reactor model in MATLAB. Eventually, realistic 3D RDC simulations were conducted to fully couple the HMMC and CFD in Fluent. The implementation of HMMC was compared to predictions with other state-of-the-art PBM solution methods, e.g., the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) and the fixed pivot technique (FPT) in Fluent and MATLAB platforms. The implementation of the HMMC in Fluent platform was straightforward with no additional challenges. The verification shows that the HMMC approach is robust and efficient for polydispersed multiphase CFD simulations.
Beyond thinking fast and slow: a Bayesian intuitionist model of clinical reasoning in real-world practice
Authors: Ng Isaac K.S. , Goh Wilson G.W. , Lim Tow Keang
Published: December 2024

Clinical reasoning is a quintessential aspect of medical training and practice, and is a topic that has been studied and written about extensively over the past few decades. However, the predominant conceptualisation of clinical reasoning has insofar been extrapolated from cognitive psychological theories that have been developed in other areas of human decision-making. Till date, the prevailing model of understanding clinical reasoning has remained as the dual process theory which views cognition as a dichotomous two-system construct, where intuitive thinking is fast, efficient, automatic but error-prone, and analytical thinking is slow, effortful, logical, deliberate and likely more accurate. Nonetheless, we find that the dual process model has significant flaws, not only in its fundamental construct validity, but also in its lack of practicality and applicability in naturistic clinical decision-making. Instead, we herein offer an alternative Bayesian-centric, intuitionist approach to clinical reasoning that we believe is more representative of real-world clinical decision-making, and suggest pedagogical and practice-based strategies to optimise and strengthen clinical thinking in this model to improve its accuracy in actual practice.
A cross-sectional study of satisfaction with life among 1st year students and doctors of a teaching hospital of the national capital region
Authors: Goswami Arpita , Kumar Mukesh , Paul Rahul , Upadhyay Preeti , Tripathi Pragya , Roy Tulika Rani
Published: December 2024

Objectives

With rising work pressure, balancing personal life is not easy for any professional. Aspirations at the time of admission into professional college do not last for long, as we observe doctors who are less satisfied than enthusiastic first-year students at dental college. The present study aimed to determine subjective well-being and comparison of satisfaction with life among first professional dental students and doctors of a teaching hospital in the National Capital Region, India.

Methods

The current study was conducted for one month among 100 1st year dental students and 100 junior doctors, including the faculty of a teaching hospital in the National Capital Region, India. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to assess the level of satisfaction in their lives. Associated factors which might affect this satisfaction were also enquired for.

Results

The mean age of first professional dental students and doctors was 19.3 ± 1.6 and 27.52 ± 2.54 years, respectively. 76 (76%) 1st professional students and 68 (68%) doctors were found to be satisfied with their lives when assessed over SWLS. Odds of being satisfied were significantly more in the age group of 20–25 years. Those students and doctors who had opted for dental, taking it as a reputed profession or as their ambition, were found to be more satisfied with their lives. Students who were satisfied with the hostel accommodation were significantly more satisfied with their lives. Among doctors, those who were either married or were in a relationship and who were satisfied with their income were more satisfied.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of doctors and 1st professional dental students were satisfied with their lives. More students were satisfied with their lives than doctors. Factors like satisfaction with income and reason for joining the dental profession were found to have significant associations.
Performance analysis of UAV-enabled dual-hop mixed RF-FSO communication systems with user scheduling
Authors: Latka Deepika , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: December 2024

Using UAVs as relays in wireless communication offers several advantages like flexibility, coverage, line-of-sight communication, cost effectiveness, adaptability to changing network demands, etc. UAVs can perform surveillance, delivery, mapping, and disaster response. They offer real-time data collection, high maneuverability, and access to remote areas. In this manuscript, we consider a UAV-enabled dual hop mixed RF/FSO wireless communication system. The system includes a UAV acting as a decode-and-forward relay, facilitating communication from the base station (B) to multiple mobile users. The opportunistic scheduling scheme is used to select the user with the best instantaneous channel conditions, typically based on the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or lowest outage probability, to maximize throughput and ensure more reliable communication. The first hop from B to the UAV relay R, employs a free space optics (FSO) link modeled with gamma–gamma fading. The second hop, from R to multiple users, is a radio frequency (RF) link modeled with Rayleigh fading. The direct communication between base station and mobile users is not possible due to the blockage by various natural and man-made obstacles. We analyze the outage probability at high SNR values to gain further insights into system performance. Additionally, closed-form analytical expressions for the outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) of the proposed system are derived.
Bufferless NoC router design for optical networks-on-chip
Authors: Parepalli Ramanamma , Shama Sanjeev , Naik Mohan Kumar
Published: December 2024

In large-scale tiled chip multiprocessors (TCMPs), network-on-chip (NoC) is a prevalent interconnect solution. The NoC router plays a crucial role in NoC architecture, and two primary types exist: buffered and bufferless. The latter offers a promising solution due to its streamlined design, reduced energy consumption, and hardware efficiency. This paper proposes a 2D 4 × 4 mesh NoC architecture with a novel bufferless NoC router design using XY routing algorithm. The proposed mesh network consists of routers and processing elements, with each router connected to its four adjacent peers (North, South, East, and West) and a single processing element. The proposed router design eliminates the input buffers, output buffers and crossbar switch. The novel bufferless NoC router architecture comprises of various functional blocks, including ejection and injection controllers and Data ranking based on port prioritization, and age incrementor which efficiently solves long critical path issues by dynamically changing the port priority and hence solves the deadlock issue. By leveraging efficient routing and prioritization mechanisms, the novel architecture facilitates the seamless flow of flits through the network. Optical NoCs are based on optical interconnects and optical routers, and have significant bandwidth and power advantages. Our results indicate that the proposed bufferless router can lead to significant area (30.3 %) reduction over the standard BLESS.
Searching for islands of happiness – LBK settlement at Cząstków Polski site XII, Czosnów Commune in Mazovia, Central Poland
Authors: Pyzel Joanna , Budziszewski Janusz , Pyżewicz Katarzyna , Rauba-Bukowska Anna , Szydłowski Marcin
Published: December 2024

Loose finds associated with the LBK have long been recovered during surveys in the Warsaw Basin, Mazovia. Most often, they have been interpreted as remnants of short stays of LBK communities migrating northwards along the Vistula River, or as stopping points of expeditions southwards for flint. Rescue excavations at Cząstków Polski site XII, Czosnów commune, although carried out on a small scale, provide the first possibility of a comprehensive multiproxy analysis to test this hypothesis and determine the nature of the settlement. By integrating the results of the analysis of natural conditions (soils, hydrography), excavated features, and artefacts: pottery (technology, stylistics, petrography), flint (raw materials, typology, use-wear) and coarse-grained stone (raw materials, typology, use-wear), we show that the site actually represents the remains of a small, shortly used settlement that is part of a small contemporaneous settlement micro-region occupied during the beginnings of the middle LBK (early Music Note phase). This micro-region is an example of a peripheral, short-lived and thus unsuccessful colonisation of early farming communities associated with the LBK.