bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Soluble Receptor as New Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Carrión-Barberà Irene , Triginer Laura , Tío Laura , Pérez-García Carolina , Ribes Anna , Abad Victoria , Pros Ana , Monfort Jordi , Salman-Monte Tarek Carlos
Published: March 2024

It has been postulated that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) may play a relevant role as inducers in the chronic inflammatory pathway in various conditions, among them, in immune-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, previous studies show conflicting results about their association with SLE characteristics and their usefulness as disease biomarkers. We aimed to study the association of specific serum AGEs (pentosidine, Nξ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nξ-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL)), sRAGE levels and AGEs (specific serum AGEs and skin AGEs) to sRAGE ratios with various disease parameters, in order to clarify their potential as new biomarkers in SLE and to study their relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD). To this aim, serum pentosidine, CML, CEL and sRAGE were measured via ELISA, and skin AGEs levels were measured by skin autofluorescence. Correlations of pentosidine levels with demographic and clinical data, indexes of activity, accrual damage and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed through multiple linear regression models, while correlations of the rest of the AGEs, sRAGE and AGE to sRAGE ratios (non-normal) were analyzed using both an OLS regression model and a GML. All of the analyses were adjusted for confounders. A total of 119 SLE patients were recruited. Serum AGEs and sRAGEs were significantly associated with SLE activity indexes and/or demographic or disease characteristics: pentosidine with pulmonary manifestations; CML with anti-dsDNA antibodies, IL-6, disease duration and non-Caucasian ethnicities; CEL with anti-dsDNA antibodies, IL-6 and accumulated number of manifestations; and sRAGE with male gender, photosensitivity and being on specific immunosuppressants. These results suggest that the AGE–sRAGE axis may serve as a novel biomarker for managing and prognosticating this disease. Its correlation with certain antibodies, demographics and disease presentations may indicate a distinct clinical phenotype associated with varying levels of AGEs and/or sRAGE. The significance of specific AGE/sRAGE ratios, introduced in this study for the first time, warrants additional investigation in forthcoming research. Our study did not confirm the link between serum AGEs and CVD, which merits further exploration through studies designed for this specific purpose.
Design of Low-Cost Modular Bio-Inspired Electric–Pneumatic Actuator (EPA)-Driven Legged Robots
Authors: Silva Alessandro Brugnera , Murcia Marc , Mohseni Omid , Takahashi Ryu , Forner-Cordero Arturo , Seyfarth Andre , Hosoda Koh , Sharbafi Maziar Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Exploring the fundamental mechanisms of locomotion extends beyond mere simulation and modeling. It necessitates the utilization of physical test benches to validate hypotheses regarding real-world applications of locomotion. This study introduces cost-effective modular robotic platforms designed specifically for investigating the intricacies of locomotion and control strategies. Expanding upon our prior research in electric–pneumatic actuation (EPA), we present the mechanical and electrical designs of the latest developments in the EPA robot series. These include EPA Jumper, a human-sized segmented monoped robot, and its extension EPA Walker, a human-sized bipedal robot. Both replicate the human weight and inertia distributions, featuring co-actuation through electrical motors and pneumatic artificial muscles. These low-cost modular platforms, with considerations for degrees of freedom and redundant actuation, (1) provide opportunities to study different locomotor subfunctions—stance, swing, and balance; (2) help investigate the role of actuation schemes in tasks such as hopping and walking; and (3) allow testing hypotheses regarding biological locomotors in real-world physical test benches.
Coniferous Trees as Bioinspiration for Designing Long Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Columns
Authors: Toader Traian-Nicu , Mircea Călin G.-R. , Truta Alina M. , Constantinescu Horia
Published: March 2024

This article contains the results of identifying the potential of coniferous trees to act as bioinspiration for the structural design of columns in single-story warehouses subjected to high wind velocity and severe seismic action. This study starts by analyzing the biomechanics of coniferous trees, continues with an abstraction of the relevant features, and ends with the transfer of a design methodology for long reinforced and prestressed concrete columns. To verify the applicability and validity of the mathematical relationships extracted from the bibliographic study to characterize the biomechanics of coniferous trees, a study site is conducted for Norway spruce trees felled by the wind in the Bilbor area. The design methodology for long reinforced and prestressed concrete columns bioinspired by the Norway spruce trees is experimentally validated using two case studies. The first case study deals with the effect of centric prestressing on long concrete columns, and the second on the influence of the walnut shell powder on the adhesion of the reinforcement in concrete. The case studies presented aim to transfer some characteristics from trees to reinforced concrete to improve the performance of long columns under horizontal forces. The results obtained indicate a good approximation of the trees’ structural behavior for this site and for ones investigated by other researchers in different forests.
Nonlocal-Strain-Gradient-Based Anisotropic Elastic Shell Model for Vibrational Analysis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Strozzi Matteo , Elishakoff Isaac E. , Bochicchio Michele , Cocconcelli Marco , Rubini Riccardo , Radi Enrico
Published: March 2024

In this study, a new anisotropic elastic shell model with a nonlocal strain gradient is developed to investigate the vibrations of simply supported single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The Sanders–Koiter shell theory is used to obtain strain–displacement relationships. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity and Mindlin’s strain gradient theories are adopted to derive the constitutive equations, where the anisotropic elasticity constants are expressed via Chang’s molecular mechanics model. An analytical method is used to solve the equations of motion and to obtain the natural frequencies of SWCNTs. First, the anisotropic elastic shell model without size effects is validated through comparison with the results of molecular dynamics simulations reported in the literature. Then, the effects of the nonlocal and material parameters on the natural frequencies of SWCNTs with different geometries and wavenumbers are analyzed. From the numerical simulations, it is confirmed that the natural frequencies decrease as the nonlocal parameter increases, while they increase as the material parameter increases. As new results, the reduction in natural frequencies with increasing SWCNT radius and the increase in natural frequencies with increasing wavenumber are both amplified as the material parameter increases, while they are both attenuated as the nonlocal parameter increases.
Discursive Analysis of Pediatrician’s Therapeutic Approach towards Childhood Fever and Its Contextual Differences: An Ethnomethodological Study
Authors: Vicens-Blanes Francisco , Miró-Bonet Rosa , Molina-Mula Jesús
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Fever stands out as the predominant clinical indicator in infancy. Pediatricians encounter fever routinely in their daily practice, playing a crucial role in their interactions with children and families. Objective: The aim is to examine pediatricians’ viewpoints, understanding, and approaches regarding childhood fever in two healthcare settings: pediatric hospitalization (emergency and inpatient ward) and primary care. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using an ethnomethodological approach. Pediatricians working in the specified pediatric settings participated in in-depth interviews where theoretical clinical cases were presented for analysis. Results: Following the examination of the discourses, the codes were organized into eight categories: Understanding of fever, Significance ascribed to fever, Therapeutic strategies, Engagement with the evidence, Family apprehensions regarding fever, Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Inter- and intra-professional relationships, and Suggestions for change: Conclusions: Pediatricians acknowledge the importance of addressing discomfort in the treatment of fever, but express challenges in implementing these recommendations. Pediatricians in inpatient settings emphasize the need for enhanced parental education from primary care, while those in primary care recognize the potential for improvement. Inpatient pediatricians are open to implementing changes in their daily practices, particularly concerning the administration of antipyretics.
Brimonidine Eye Drops within the Reach of Children: A Possible Foe
Authors: Trotta Daniela , Zucchelli Mirco , Salladini Carmela , Ballerini Patrizia , Rossi Claudia , Aricò Maurizio
Published: March 2024

Brimonidine, a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, has been shown to cause neurological side effects such as unresponsiveness, lethargy, hypoventilation, and stupor, mimicking opioid toxicity. We report one case of transient encephalopathy in a toddler, in whom accidental brimonidine toxicity was suspected and then confirmed by a toxicology study. The healthy 8-month-old girl was taken to the pediatric ER since she was drowsy and hypotonic with miosis. The computed tomography scan of her brain and toxicological workup of her blood and urine were negative. Starting from the fourth hour, the child progressively improved, and by the sixth hour, she recovered to a normal state of consciousness. A survey of available drugs within the child’s reach showed the presence of brimonidine. Thus, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was applied to quantify the brimonidine in urine and plasma samples, showing levels of 8.40 ng/mL and 0.79 ng/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report to determine brimonidine levels in urine and plasma using UPLC-MS/MS. Insufficient knowledge on the part of family members about the potential hazards of an apparently innocuous, topical medication such as eye drops may put children at a greater risk of poisoning. Necessary warnings should be given to parents with greater care when prescribing this medication.
Nutritional Challenges among African Refugee and Internally Displaced Children: A Comprehensive Scoping Review
Authors: Gooding Claire , Musa Salwa , Lavin Tina , Sibeko Lindiwe , Ndikom Chizoma Millicent , Iwuagwu Stella , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Maduforo Aloysius Nwabugo , Salami Bukola
Published: March 2024

Background: Children’s nutrition in Africa, especially among those displaced by conflicts, is a critical global health concern. Adequate nutrition is pivotal for children’s well-being and development, yet those affected by displacement confront distinctive challenges. This scoping review seeks to enhance our current knowledge, filling gaps in understanding nutritional and associated health risks within this vulnerable population. Objective: We conducted a scoping review of the literature on the nutritional status and associated health outcomes of this vulnerable population with the goal of informing targeted interventions, policy development, and future research efforts to enhance the well-being of African refugee and internally displaced children. Methods: This scoping review adopted Arksey and O’Malley (2005)’s methodology and considered studies published between 2000 and 2021. Results: Twenty-three published articles met the inclusion criteria. These articles highlighted a wide variation in the levels of malnutrition among African refugee/internally displaced (IDP) children, with the prevalence of chronic malnutrition (stunting) and acute malnutrition (wasting) ranging from 18.8 to 52.1% and 0.04 to 29.3%, respectively. Chronic malnutrition was of ‘high’ or ‘very high’ severity (according to recent WHO classifications) in 80% of studies, while acute malnutrition was of ‘high’ or ‘very high’ severity in 50% of studies. In addition, anemia prevalence was higher than the 40% level considered to indicate a severe public health problem in 80% of the studies reviewed. Conclusion: In many settings, acute, chronic, and micronutrient malnutrition are at levels of great concern. Many countries hosting large, displaced populations are not represented in the literature, and research among older children is also lacking. Qualitative and intervention-focused research are urgently needed.
The Association between Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health in Austrian Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Mayerhofer Doris , Haider Katja , Amon Manuela , Gächter Afsaneh , O’Rourke Teresa , Dale Rachel , Humer Elke , Probst Thomas , Pieh Christoph
Published: March 2024

Although problematic smartphone use (PSU) is prevalent and associated with mental health and physical activity, there are no studies on its prevalence and associations in Austria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PSU and its associations with mental health in adolescents and young adults. A cross-sectional online survey was performed from 19 April to 27 July 2023, and the data of N = 913 respondents (14.1% male, 82.4% female, 3.5% diverse; median age: 17 [IQR: 15–18]; range: 14–20 years) were included in the analyses. Overall, 38.1% (females: 39.0%, males: 33.3%) of those surveyed were above the cut-off for PSU measured with the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). In addition to screen time, PSU is also associated with depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.46), anxiety symptoms (aOR = 1.86), disordered eating (aOR = 1.55), and alcohol abuse (aOR = 1.71), but not physical inactivity. On the other hand, physical inactivity was associated with depressive symptoms (aOR = 2.48), anxiety symptoms (aOR = 1.74), distress (aOR = 2.02), and low well-being (aOR = 3.25). A total of 37.7% respondents reported being strongly lonely, as measured with the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. The amount of screen time, but not PSU, was associated with loneliness. In sum, PSU affects more than one-third of adolescents and young adults in Austria and is associated with increased mental health symptoms. However, intensive screen time seems to be more strongly associated with increased mental health symptoms than PSU itself. The study confirms once again that smartphone use is associated with negative effects and that they should be used responsibly.
Successful Desensitization to Sorafenib and Imatinib—A Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Kusic Natasa , Tomic Spiric Vesna , Arandjelovic Snezana , Peric Popadic Aleksandra , Bozic Antic Ivana , Dimitrijevic Milan , Miskovic Rada , Stefanovic Ljiljana , Plavsic Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

Background: Drug desensitization allows for safe administration of a drug to a patient with a previous hypersensitivity reaction. Successful desensitization protocols have been described for different medications, including protocols for oncology patients. Few cases of desensitization to sorafenib and imatinib have been described in the literature so far. Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the process of the sorafenib and imatinib drug hypersensitivity diagnosis and desensitization process in two patients. Methods: Two oncology patients who experienced non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to sorafenib and imatinib underwent desensitization to these drugs. We designed a protocol for the first patient and used a modified protocol from the literature for the second patient. Results: By using a slow desensitization technique and gradual tapering of corticosteroids and antihistamines, both patients reached the target dose of the incriminated drug. Conclusions: Desensitization to sorafenib and imatinib can be an effective therapeutic option in patients with hypersensitivity to those medications, without alternative treatment options.
Perceptions of Quality of Interprofessional Collaboration, Staff Well-Being and Nonbeneficial Treatment: A Comparison between Nurses and Physicians in Intensive and Palliative Care
Authors: Schwarzkopf Daniel , Bloos Frank , Meißner Winfried , Rüddel Hendrik , Thomas-Rüddel Daniel O. , Wedding Ulrich
Published: March 2024

This study assessed differences in interprofessional collaboration, perception of nonbeneficial care, and staff well-being between critical care and palliative care teams. In six German hospitals, a staff survey was conducted between December 2013 and March 2015 among nurses and physicians in intensive and palliative care units. To allow comparability between unit types, a matching was performed for demographic characteristics of staff. N = 313 critical care and 79 palliative care staff participated, of which 72 each were successfully matched. Critical care nurses perceived the poorest overall quality of collaboration compared with critical care physicians and palliative care physicians and nurses. They also reported less inclusive leadership from attendings and head nurses, and the least collaboration on care decisions with physicians. They were most likely to perceive nonbeneficial care, and they reported the lowest levels of job satisfaction and the highest intention to leave the job. In partial correlations, aspects of high-quality collaboration were associated with less perceived nonbeneficial care and higher staff well-being for both critical care and palliative care staff. Our findings indicate that critical care teams could improve collaboration and enhance well-being, particularly among nurses, by adopting principles of collaborative work culture as established in palliative care.
Performance Evaluation of Hospitals under Data Uncertainty: An Uncertain Common-Weights Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Peykani Pejman , Pishvaee Mir Saman
Published: March 2024

In the context of healthcare systems, the performance evaluation of hospitals plays a crucial role in assessing the quality of healthcare systems and facilitating informed decision-making processes. However, the presence of data uncertainty poses significant challenges to accurate performance measurement. This paper presents a novel uncertain common-weights data envelopment analysis (UCWDEA) approach for evaluating the performance of hospitals under uncertain environments. The proposed UCWDEA approach addresses the limitations of traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models by incorporating the uncertainty theory (UT) to model the inherent uncertainty in input and output data. Also, by utilizing a common set of weights (CSW) technique, the UCWDEA method provides a more robust and reliable assessment of hospital performance. The main advantages of the proposed UCWDEA approach can be succinctly summarized as follows. Firstly, it allows for the comparison of all hospitals on a consistent basis to calculate a realistic efficiency score, rather than an overly optimistic efficiency score. Secondly, the uncertain common-weights DEA approach exhibits linearity, enhancing its applicability. Thirdly, it possesses the capability to extend its utility under various other prevalent uncertainty distributions. Moreover, it enhances the discriminatory power of results, facilitates the ranking of hospitals in the presence of data uncertainty, and aids in identifying the sensitivity and stability levels of hospitals towards data uncertainty. Notably, in order to showcase the pragmatic application and efficacy of the uncertain common-weights DEA model, a genuine dataset has been utilized to evaluate the efficiency of 20 public hospitals in Tehran, all of which are affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. The results of the experiment demonstrate the efficacy of the UCWDEA approach in assessing and ranking hospitals amidst uncertain conditions. In summary, the research outcomes can offer policymakers valuable insights regarding hospital performance amidst data uncertainty. Additionally, it can provide practical recommendations on optimizing resource allocation, benchmarking performance, and formulating effective policies to augment the overall efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare services.
Recent Advances in Molecular Genetics of Onion
Authors: Sharma Suman , Khar Anil , Khosa Jiffinvir S. , Mandal Subhankar , Malla Subas
Published: March 2024

Onion is an important vegetable crop because it adds nutritional value and diversity to food preparation. Understanding recent advancements in onion molecular genetics is essential to improve production, quality, and disease resistance. Cutting-edge genomic technologies like genetic mapping and RNA sequencing reveal important genes and pathways. The review examines the progress in utilizing various molecular markers to study genetic divergence. The exploration extends to understanding the genes and pathways responsible for bulb color and chemical composition and the genetic factors influencing bulbing, flowering, and vernalization. Additionally, the article explores quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to major damaging diseases and delves into the role of different loci in male sterility and hybrid development. The recent publication of the whole genome sequence of onions will lead to further identification of genes and understanding their roles and functions in metabolic pathways.
Evaluation of Weather Yield Index Insurance Exposed to Deluge Risk: The Case of Sugarcane in Thailand
Authors: Kanchai Thitipong , Srisodaphol Wuttichai , Pongsart Tippatai , Klongdee Watcharin
Published: March 2024

Insurance serves as a mechanism to effectively manage and transfer revenue-related risks. We conducted a study to explore the potential financial advantages of index insurance, which protects agricultural producers, specifically sugarcane, against excessive rainfall. Creation of the index involved utilizing generalized additive regression models, allowing for consideration of non-linear effects and handling complex data by adjusting the complexity of the model through the addition or reduction of terms. Moreover, quantile generalized additive regression was deliberated to evaluate relationships with lower quantiles, such as low-yield events. To quantify the financial benefits for farmers, should they opt for excessive rainfall index insurance, we employed efficiency analysis based on metrics such as conditional tail expectation (CTE), certainty equivalence of revenue (CER), and mean root square loss (MRSL). The results of the regression model demonstrate its accuracy in predicting sugar cane yields, with a split testing R2 of 0.691. MRSL should be taken into consideration initially, as it is a farmer’s revenue assessment that distinguishes between those with and those without insurance. As a result, the GAM model indicates the least fluctuation in farmer income at the 90th percentile. Additionally, our study suggests that this type of insurance could apply to sugarcane farmers and other crop producers in regions where extreme rainfall threatens the financial sustainability of agricultural production.
FinTech and Financial Inclusion: Exploring the Mediating Role of Digital Financial Literacy and the Moderating Influence of Perceived Regulatory Support
Authors: Amnas Muhammed Basid , Selvam Murugesan , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: March 2024

Exploring the potential of financial technology (FinTech) to promote financial inclusion is the aim of this research. This study concentrated on understanding why people use FinTech and how it affects their access to financial services by taking into account the mediating role of digital financial literacy and the moderating effect of perceived regulatory support. This study used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for testing the research model by collecting data from 608 FinTech users in India. The results revealed the role of trust, service quality, and perceived security are essential in promoting the utilization of FinTech services. This study also demonstrated that FinTech positively impacts financial inclusion, making it easier for individuals to get into formal financial services. Furthermore, digital financial literacy emerged as an important mediator between FinTech use and financial inclusion. The research also confirmed that perceived regulatory support has a significant moderation influence on the relationship between FinTech and financial inclusion. This research would contribute to advancing theoretical frameworks and offer practical advice for policymakers and FinTech companies to make financial services more inclusive.
Bidirectional Risk Spillovers between Chinese and Asian Stock Markets: A Dynamic Copula-EVT-CoVaR Approach
Authors: Zhao Mingguo , Park Hail
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate bidirectional risk spillovers between the Chinese and other Asian stock markets. To achieve this, we construct a dynamic Copula-EVT-CoVaR model based on 11 Asian stock indexes from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2021. The findings show that, firstly, synchronicity exists between the Chinese stock market and other Asian stock markets, creating conditions for risk contagion. Secondly, the Chinese stock market exhibits a strong risk spillover to other Asian stock markets with time-varying and heterogeneous characteristics. Additionally, the risk spillover displays an asymmetry, indicating that the intensity of risk spillover from other Asian stock markets to the Chinese is weaker than that from the Chinese to other Asian stock markets. Finally, the Chinese stock market generated significant extreme risk spillovers to other Asian stock markets during the 2007–2009 global financial crisis, the European debt crisis, the 2015–2016 Chinese stock market crash, and the China–US trade war. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk spillover intensity of the Chinese stock market was weaker, and it acted as the recipient of risk from other Asian stock markets. The originality of this study is reflected in proposing a novel dynamic copula-EVT-CoVaR model and incorporating multiple crises into an analytical framework to examine bidirectional risk spillover effects. These findings can help Asian countries (regions) adopt effective supervision to deal with cross-border risk spillovers and assist Asian stock market investors in optimizing portfolio strategies.
Sparse Bayesian Neural Networks: Bridging Model and Parameter Uncertainty through Scalable Variational Inference
Authors: Hubin Aliaksandr , Storvik Geir
Published: March 2024

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have recently regained a significant amount of attention in the deep learning community due to the development of scalable approximate Bayesian inference techniques. There are several advantages of using a Bayesian approach: parameter and prediction uncertainties become easily available, facilitating more rigorous statistical analysis. Furthermore, prior knowledge can be incorporated. However, the construction of scalable techniques that combine both structural and parameter uncertainty remains a challenge. In this paper, we apply the concept of model uncertainty as a framework for structural learning in BNNs and, hence, make inferences in the joint space of structures/models and parameters. Moreover, we suggest an adaptation of a scalable variational inference approach with reparametrization of marginal inclusion probabilities to incorporate the model space constraints. Experimental results on a range of benchmark datasets show that we obtain comparable accuracy results with the competing models, but based on methods that are much more sparse than ordinary BNNs.
Insights into Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Functions, and Implications in Plant–Microbe Interactions
Authors: Pandey Sarita , Blache Anaïs , Achouak Wafa
Published: March 2024

Plant–microbe interactions play a crucial role in shaping plant health and survival. In recent years, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating intercellular communication between plants and microbes has emerged as an intriguing area of research. EVs serve as important carriers of bioactive molecules and genetic information, facilitating communication between cells and even between different organisms. Pathogenic bacteria leverage extracellular vesicles (EVs) to amplify their virulence, exploiting their cargo rich in toxins and virulence factors. Conversely, beneficial microbes initiate EV secretion to stimulate plant immune responses and nurture symbiotic relationships. The transfer of EV-packed small RNAs (sRNAs) has been demonstrated to facilitate the modulation of immune responses. Furthermore, harnessing the potential of EVs holds promise for the development of innovative diagnostic tools and sustainable crop protection strategies. This review highlights the biogenesis and functions of EVs in bacteria and their importance in plant defense, and paves the way for future research in this exciting field.
Production of a Rich Fertilizer Base for Plants from Waste Organic Residues by Microbial Formulation Technology
Authors: Vurukonda Sai Shiva Krishna Prasad , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Saeid Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

This review explores different methods of sustainably introducing nutrients from agro-industrial waste into the soil. The focus is on sustainable agriculture and how the soil system can be modified by introducing secondary raw materials and beneficial microorganisms. Soil is a nexus between plants and microorganisms that must be balanced. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining the microbiological balance when supplying nutrients. This review is focused on the possible techniques involved in the production of biofertilizers and their mode of application into the soil system and on plants. We addressed several advantages concerning the use of beneficial microorganisms in waste management by microbial formulation techniques. Not only the advantages but several limitations and challenges were also discussed in regard to the large scale production of microbial products. Therefore, the proper treatment of industrial waste is essential so that we can preserve the environment and human safety and also achieve sustainable agriculture.
Photonic Integrated Circuits for an Optical Phased Array
Authors: Yi Yasha , Wu Dachuan , Kakdarvishi Venus , Yu Bowen , Zhuang Yating , Khalilian Alireza
Published: March 2024

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are renowned for their exceptional ability to manipulate and direct light beams, positioning them as an ideal choice for solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technologies. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current research landscape for photonic integrated circuit (PIC)-based OPAs. It begins by addressing the critical design elements at the component level necessary for optimal functionality. This review then delves into phase calibration techniques and the overarching architecture of OPAs. It concludes by emphasizing the innovative 3-D OPA design, which stands out for its enhanced optical efficiency.
Research on the Scaling Mechanism and Countermeasures of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Su Xu , Zhou Desheng , Wang Haiyang , Xu Jinze
Published: March 2024

The Sulige gas field is a typical “three lows” (low permeability, low pressure, and low abundance) tight sandstone gas reservoir, with formation pressures often characterized by abnormally high or low pressures. The complex geological features of the reservoir further deviate from conventional understanding, impacting the effective implementation of wellbore blockage removal measures. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the wellbore blockage mechanism, prediction model, and effective prevention measures for the target area. In this study, based on field data, we first experimentally analyzed the water quality and types of blockage in the target area. Subsequently, utilizing a BP neural network model, we established a model for predicting the risk of wellbore blockage and analyzing mitigation measures in the target reservoir. The model’s prediction results, consistent with on-site actual results, demonstrate its reliability and accuracy. Experimental results show that the water quality in the target area is mainly a CaCl2 type, and the predominant scales produced are CaCO3 and BaSO4. Model calculations reveal that temperature, pressure, and ion concentration all influence scaling, with BaSO4 more influenced by pressure and CaCO3 more influenced by temperature. Under the combined effect of temperature, pressure, and ion concentration, different types of scales exhibit distinct trends in scaling quantity. Combining scaling quantity calculations with wellbore contraction ratios, it was found that when the temperature, pressure, and ion concentration are within a certain range, the wellbore contraction rate can be controlled below 4%. At this point, the wellbore scaling risk is minimal, and preventive measures against wellbore scaling can be achieved by adjusting production systems, considering practical production conditions. This study investigates the mechanism of scaling in wellbores of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and proposes a cost-effective scaling prevention measure. This approach can guide the prediction of scaling risks and the implementation of scaling prevention measures for gas wells in tight sandstone reservoirs.
A Distributionally Robust Optimization Strategy for a Wind–Photovoltaic Thermal Storage Power System Considering Deep Peak Load Balancing of Thermal Power Units
Authors: Zhang Zhifan , Zhu Ruijin
Published: March 2024

With the continuous expansion of grid-connected wind, photovoltaic, and other renewable energy sources, their volatility and uncertainty pose significant challenges to system peak regulation. To enhance the system’s peak-load management and the integration of wind (WD) and photovoltaic (PV) power, this paper introduces a distributionally robust optimization scheduling strategy for a WD–PV thermal storage power system incorporating deep peak shaving. Firstly, a detailed peak shaving process model is developed for thermal power units, alongside a multi-energy coupling model for WD–PV thermal storage that accounts for carbon emissions. Secondly, to address the variability and uncertainty of WD–PV outputs, a data-driven, distributionally robust optimization scheduling model is formulated utilizing 1-norm and ∞-norm constrained scenario probability distribution fuzzy sets. Lastly, the model is solved iteratively through the column and constraint generation algorithm (C&CG). The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only enhances the system’s peak-load handling and WD–PV integration but also boosts its economic efficiency and reduces the carbon emissions of the system, achieving a balance between model economy and system robustness.
Design and Analysis of Tracked Stair-Climbing Robot Using Innovative Suspension System
Authors: Pappalettera Antonio , Reina Giulio , Mantriota Giacomo
Published: March 2024

Obstacle-crossing and stair-climbing abilities are crucial to the performance of mobile robots for urban environment mobility. This paper proposes a tracked stair-climbing robot with two bogie-like suspensions to overcome architectural barriers. After a general introduction to stair-climbing robots, the “XXbot” concept is presented. We developed a special model that helps us figure out how a system will move based on the shape of the ground it is on. Then, stair-climbing simulations were performed with the multibody software MSC-Adams and the results are presented. This shows that the robot can be used in many different ways, such as stair-climbing wheelchair platforms.
A 28 GHz Highly Linear Up-Conversion Mixer for 5G Cellular Communications
Authors: Byeon Chul-Woo
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present a highly linear direct in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) up-conversion mixer for 5G millimeter-wave applications. To enhance the linearity of the mixer, we propose a complementary derivative superposition technique with pre-distortion. The proposed up-conversion mixer consists of a quadrature generator, LO buffer amplifiers, and an I/Q up-conversion mixer core and achieves an output third-order intercept point of 15.7 dBm and an output 1 dB compression point of 2 dBm at 27.6 GHz, while it consumes 15 mW at a supply voltage of 1 V. The conversion gain is 11.4 dB and the LO leakage and image rejection ratio are −56 dBc and 61 dB, respectively, in the measurement. The proposed I/Q up-conversion mixer is suitable for 5G cellular communication systems.
Trends in Mercury Contamination Distribution among Human and Animal Populations in the Amazon Region
Authors: Martoredjo Irvin , Calvão Santos Lenize Batista , Vilhena Jéssica Caroline Evangelista , Rodrigues Alex Bruno Lobato , de Almeida Andréia , Sousa Passos Carlos José , Florentino Alexandro Cezar
Published: March 2024

Mercury contamination in the Amazon arising from both natural sources and intensive mining activities in the region is a significant public health concern. This metal is used to separate Au from sediments. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the impact of mining on mercury contamination in the animal and human populations of the Amazon. This overall objective was pursued through a systematic review of the existing literature to assess the impact of Hg and identify gaps in geographic coverage arising from this assessment. Herein, we employed PECO and PRISMA-ScR protocols to select articles published between 2017 and 2023 based on projected points on a map within the biogeographic boundaries of the Amazon. We found that mercury concentrations increase with trophic levels, reaching high values of 3.7 µg/g in the muscles of predatory fish and 34.9 µg/g in human hair. The mean level of mercury in human hair in the whole (Amazon) region exceeds 6 µg/g, surpassing tolerance levels. Although mining regions show high concentrations of Hg, the highest incidence was observed among populations with fish-based diets. It was concluded that continuous research and monitoring of fish in the region are required in order to accurately assess the risk associated with Hg contamination, especially since fish are the main source of protein in this region.
On Phase Transitions during Collisions near the Horizon of Black Holes
Authors: Grib Andrey A. , Pavlov Yuri V.
Published: March 2024

During particle collisions in the vicinity of the horizon of black holes, it is possible to achieve energies and temperatures corresponding to phase transitions in particle physics. It is shown that the sizes of the regions of the new phase are of the order of the Compton length for the corresponding mass scale. The lifetime is also on the order of the Compton time. It is shown that the inverse influence of the energy density in the electro-weak phase transition in collisions on the space–time metric can be neglected.
Identification of raw fermented sausages of foreign production
Authors:   Department of Commodity Science and Goods Examination, FSBEI HE Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky, Molokanova L.V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of identifi cation of raw fermented sausages of foreign production, presented on the domestic market, according to labeling data and a set of characteristics.
Analysis of import substitution and development of the domestic fruit and berry market in Russia
Authors:   Department of Commodity Expert Examination and Customs, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Eliseeva L.G. , Sokolova A.Kh. ,   Department of Commodity Expert Examination and Customs, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Tokarev P.I. ,   Department of Commodity Expert Examination and Customs, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Rakov N.O. ,   Department of Commodity Expert Examination and Customs, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: March 2024

In the context of international sanctions, the issue of providing the population with domestically produced fruits and berries remains relevant for Russia. Currently, our own production of fruits and berries provides approximately 22 kg/year per person, with an annual requirement of 100 kg. The article discusses the features of providing the Russian market with fruits and berries in the context of the ongoing policy of import substitution. Particular attention is paid to domestic production of apples; the structure of production and consumption of apples by region is given. The import of apples into Russia has been analyzed, and trends in its decline have been noted.
Range and assortment policy for “Juice products” subcategory of three retail chain stores in Moscow
Authors:   Department of International Commerce and Logistics Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Nikolaeva M.A. , Rybak А.Yu. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the indicators of the assortment of juice products in the stores of three retail chains, namely in the Auchan, Globus, and Perekrestok stores, as well as to identify the directions of their assortment policy in this subcategory. It has been established that the assortment of the subcategory of juice products is represented by 12 types, 44 trademarks, and 301 trademark modifi cations, which makes it possible to classify it as comprehensive. 32% of the branded assortment consists of brands. The majority of juice product brands are represented by industrial trademarks (40 TMs) and only 4 trademarks are private labels (approximately 30% of the total number of brands). The coeffi cients of completeness, depth, and stability are average. The assortment of the Auchan store is characterized by the greatest completeness, depth, stability, and rationality, while the Perekrestok store — by the smallest, which is due to differences in the retail space of these stores. The degree of renewal of the assortment of juice products is almost 25% of the actual assortment. The directions of the assortment policy of the examined stores are as follows: in Auchan — the expansion of the product range and deepening of the brand assortment, as well as the stabilization of the actual assortment and updating through trademarks and their modifications; in the Globus hypermarket — the reduction in the variety of types and a moderate expansion of the brand assortment, as well as its updating; in the Perekrestok supermarket — a moderate deepening, the reduction in the type and brand assortment, and its moderate updating.
Analysis of bread types in Russian school menus and their commodity evaluation
Authors:   Federal Center for Student Nutrition Monitoring, Livinskaya S. A. , Portnov N. M. ,   Federal Center for Student Nutrition Monitoring
Published: March 2024

Based on federal nutrition monitoring data, the paper analyzes the occurrence of bread names in the “white bread” and “brown bread” sections of school menus. 23.66% of menus do not use the name “wheat bread”, and 13.8% do not use the term “rye bread”, therefore, the names of bread in school menus do not correspond to the names in force in federal documents. The names of the bakery's own trademarks or the names of bakery products in the form of fancy proper names do not provide information about nutritional value and may mislead consumers. Names of bread with national characteristics are rare (in only 0.56% of the menus), but characterize an attempt to implement national cultural characteristics only in the Republics of Dagestan and Sakha (Yakutia). Fortified types of bread are found in 5.5% of the menus, and iodized bread types — in 3.7%. The widely used recipe collection of school meals and products is outdated because it does not take into account the requirements of modern government documents on the presence and content of vitamins and minerals, as well as biologically active substances. The identified problems determine current areas of research and practical solutions for enterprises related to the organization of school meals.
Methodology for forming target project teams to solve creative economic problems in the food industry
Authors:   Department of Commodity Expert Examination and Customs, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Sidorenko Yu.I. , Karpov V.I. ,   Problem Research Laboratory “Design and Implementation of Personalized Nutrition Products and Diets”, FSBEI HE K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Sidorenko M.M. ,   SBEI School No. 2083, Moscow
Published: March 2024

A methodology for forming target project teams consisting of trained experts to conduct a heuristic examination of strategic planning objects is proposed. A list of gradations of objects of such planning is proposed. The requirements for the training and qualifi cation level of experts are outlined. An approximate list of categories of professional competencies of experts, as well as a rough list of descriptors within individual categories have been developed. It is proposed to use the PATTERN technique for conducting the examination.
Entertainment as an attributive feature of modern culture
Authors:   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities, Moscow, Morozova Elena Ivanovna
Published: March 2024

Entertainment culture becomes a structural and typological unit of festive/everyday culture, which uses it every day in the “loop” mode: television show programs, presentations of new boutiques in shopping centers, city fairs, art exhibitions, performances at concert venues, calendars with the slogan “Every day is a holiday”, computer games (as the advertisement says, “The best anti-stress game of all time!”), and so on. Certainly, in this entertainment cycle, a person’s acute perception of festivity becomes dulled, and fatigue from constant heightened emotionality appears. A person gets tired of both entertainment and games. In this sense, “Homo ludens” is not just a concept, but a problem identified and outlined by J. Huizinga, which became obvious in the 20s of the 21st century. The article examines the features of modern culture as a screen, visual culture, directly related to such an attribute as entertainment.
Features of the influence of new media and media convergence on the educational process of young journalists
Authors:   Department of Journalism, Moscow University for the Humanities, Stolyarova Natalya Yurievna , Sharov Maksim Aleksandrovich ,   Department of Journalism, Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: March 2024

The work analyzes the main criteria of new media and examines the specifics of the processes affecting the education of young journalists through new media and media convergence. It is shown that modern journalism is constantly developing and, as a result, undergoes numerous changes: new technologies and methods of information delivery appear, the preferences of content consumers regularly change, and consumers become more and more demanding of the quality of the information product. All these changes require journalists to master new skills and improve previously acquired ones, as well as reconsider many principles of work. This applies not only to current practitioners who have been in the information and communication sphere for many years, but also to specialists just starting their journey in journalism.