bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Air Flow inside the Compartment under Backdraft Conditions using Solid Combustibles
Authors: An Jaeseong , Kim Taehoon
Published: August 2022

Backdraft is a phenomenon of explosive combustion that occurs when fire in a state of smoldering due to the lack of oxygen grows as the air is admitted after opening the entrance door or window. In this study, a reduced compartment was produced to simulate a backdraft. In an actual site, the fire was generated by solid combustibles, and hence, wood pieces were used to generate the backdraft in this study. Twenty-seven thermocouples were installed inside the compartment. One side of a wall consists of polycarbonate and the interior of the compartment was monitored using a camera. An additional fire simulation was performed using a fire dynamics simulator for in-depth analysis of the phenomena inside the compartment. In the experiment, the air flown into the compartment through the vent opening turned the smoldering fire of solid combustibles into the flaming fire, which led to the ignition of flammable gas inside the compartment. Next, the propagation of the flame was first directed upwards to the combustibles, then towards the center, and ultimately to the exterior. This phenomenon was observed in the analysis of the compartment holding a homogeneous flammable mixture. The results of the analysis showed that the flammable mixture on the interior was released to the exterior because of the rise in the internal pressure caused by flame propagation. Consequently, as the internal flame was propagated to the exterior, the mixture was ignited. Thus, the phenomenon of backdraft in the case of compartment fire was shown to occur as follows. First, the air flown in via the vent opening was elevated to the upper part of the compartment by the smoldering heat on the interior. Next, the flame led to the ignition of the flammable mixture formed on the upper part.
Quality of work life: an analysis in a commercial steel organization in the state of Ceará
Authors: Pereira Cavalcante Felipe , Costa Filho Francisco Carlos da , Aguiar Ítalo Cavalcante , Eduardo Brandão Paiva Luis
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the perception of Quality of Work Life (QWL) of workers in a steel commercial organization with 3 branches in the state of Ceará, in the cities of Fortaleza, Sobral and Juazeiro do Norte, based on the model of Richard Walton (1973). The study presents the evolution of the concepts of Quality of Work Life, the main models of QWL and metrics of other studies addressing the same theme. For that, the exploratory, qualitative, descriptive method was applied, and the questionnaire was used as the medium for data collection. The results indicate that the criterion of growth opportunities did not present the same significant result as the other evaluated criteria. On the other hand, the criterion of social relevance of work was highlighted, showing that even with some other difficulties identified, the workers are proud to belong to this company. It is estimated that this research can serve to make decisions and assist managers and human resources policies, directing greater efforts to quality of work life and power that it can exercise within the institution.
Evaluation of Self-directed Learning Readiness among Students of Medicine and Allied Branches in South Kashmir, India
Authors: Mufti Mehak , Aara Shaugfa , Beg Haneen , Dar Mudasir , Mukhtar Mohsina
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of Self-directed Learning (SDL) is to motivate the undergraduate student to become a lifelong learner who plays an active role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. With the implementation of competency based medical education (CBME) in 2019, SDL has become an integral part of the curriculum hence it is important to know whether our students are ready for it or not. Aim: To assess the readiness of the students of Medical College and college of Nursing and Paramedical sciences, Government medical college, Anantnag for SDL. Materials and Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 295 undergraduate medical and paramedical students of Government medical college, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Williamson’s SDL readiness scale (SDLRS) was provided to the students who were instructed to describe themselves by indicating on the Likert scale, the extent to which the item best described their personal attitude. The score ranges from 60 to 300. Data was calculated in form of frequency (n) and percentages (%) and was analysed by using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 295 students (150 were boys and 145 were girls, 195 medical and 100 paramedical students), mean age 19.07±0.762 years, who took part in the study, 40% (N=118) had high readiness scores, 52.88% (N=156) had moderate score and 7.12% (N=21) had low score. A total of 45.52 % (N=66) of girls had high readiness as compared to 34.66% (N=52) boys. Nursing and paramedical students appeared to be more ready for SDL than Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students as 52% (N=52) of nursing and paramedical students had a high score whereas only 33.85 % (N=66) of medical students had a high score and this difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the medical and paramedical students seem to be ready for self-directed learning and paramedics are more ready for SDL than medical students. Female students seem to be more receptive for SDL as compared to male students.
Diagnostic Dilemma in Spindle Cell Lesions of Breast- A Case Report
Authors: Subrajaa K Khowsalya , Preethi S , Balamurugan S , Manjani S
Published: August 2022

Spindle cell lesions of breast pose diverse morphological patterns which can turn out to be reactive, benign and malignant tumours with overlapping features. Differential diagnosis are wide. It is challenging to the pathologist due to its rarity. The origin of spindle cell lesions of the breast is highly variable and represents multiple lineages. Hereby authors report a case of a 56-year-old female presented to the Outpatient Department with left breast swelling. Mammogram showed hypoechoic ill-defined irregular lesion. On imaging findings, evolving abcess and neoplastic were consider probable diagnosis. On histopathological examination, the lesion showed bland spindle cells arranged in short fascicles and and in diffuse pattern. The lesion was diagnosed as spindle cell lesion. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of fibromatosis. The standard treatment of wide local excision with adequate safety margins was done. Postoperative period was uneventful. On two years follow-up, the patient had no recurrence. While being very rare at this site, the lesion has locally aggressive behaviour with high recurrence rate.
Analysis of Growth Rates and Instability of Export of Tomato and its Products from India
Authors: Kiranmai B. , Koshta Ajay Kumar
Published: August 2022

The study explores the analysis of the growth rates and instability of tomato area, production and export of tomato and its products from India during the study period 2001-2002 to 2019-2020 based on secondary data. The period of the study was 20 years, which was divided into three periods i.e., Period Ⅰ (2001-2002 to 2009-2010), Period Ⅱ (2011-2012 to 2019-2020) and overall period (2001-2002 to 2019-2020). The data collected from various publications including FAO, India stats, APEDA and APMC. The data was analysed with the help of analytical tool i.e., compound growth rate (CGR) and coefficient of variation (CV). In overall period, positive growth rate and significant was observed in area, production, export quantity of tomato, export value of tomato, export quantity of tomato paste, export quantity of tomato peeled and export value of tomato peeled, with CGR of 3.66, 6.58, 8.06, 3.60, 10.46, 4.34 and 1.06 per cent, respectively. The export of tomato juice and export of tomato paste was showed negative growth rate and non - significant. During overall period, the higher coefficient of variation was observed in export quantity of tomato juice, tomato peeled, tomato paste and fresh tomato with CV of 145.56, 91.35, 82.87 and 82.97 per cent respectively. The lower CV was observed in area, and production with a value of 23.53 and 36.56 per cent respectively. The result was concluded that the tomato and its products have better export potential in future.
Effect of Moisture Content on Physical Properties of Groundnut Seed for Planter Development
Authors: Reddy H. K. Venkata , Mathew Manoj
Published: August 2022

The physical properties of groundnut seeds were calculated as a function of moisture content. The average length, breadth and thickness of the seed various from 13.09 to 14.10, 8.68 to 9.56 and 7.07 to 7.82 mm, respectively. As the moisture content, increased from 8.13 to 79.80% d.b. the roundness and sphericity increased from 92% to 94% and 68% to 71%, respectively. Also the seed volume increased from 0.803 to 0.984 cm3, 1000 seed weight, W1000 from 328 to 380 g, the angle of repose from 32.620 to 36.50 and the bulk density decreased from 0.845 to 0.81 g cm-3 for the same range of moisture content. The static coefficient of friction increased on three structural surfaces namely, stainless steel (2.013-2.32), aluminum (2.47-2.62) and wooden (2.25-2.42) as the moisture content increased from 8.13 to 79.80% d.b.
Neurological and Molecular Interactions of Phytoconstituents from Ricinus communis Root Extract- A Pharmacological and Computational Approach
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Prasanna V. Laxmi , Reddy V N. V. L. Suvarchala , Sneha Ch.
Published: August 2022

The majority of epileptic patients takes numerous anticonvulsant medications and is still not treated successfully. These medications' produce chronic side effects and drug interactions, which restrict their use, constitute their major drawback. On the other hand, the fact that nature has given us plants that can be used as safe, all-natural treatments for illnesses with little side effects and minimal drug interactions has prompted researchers to focus on herbal remedies with anticonvulsant potential. The antiepileptic potential of the methanolic root extract of Ricinus communis was investigated in rodent models. Molecular docking studies using Schrodinger software was employed to study interactions with active site using PDB ID: 4MS4 (GABA agonist’s), 3WFG (glutamate antagonist), 5HCV (aspartate antagonist), 6J8G (sodium channel antagonist).  At 30 and 60 minutes, MERC effectively diminished various convulsive phases and provided strong defence against the MES model. In PTZ, MERC extract treated groups at a dose (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant antiepileptic activity with percentage protection of 24% and 33% respectively against seizures and significantly (* = p<0.0001) increased the latency of the seizures. Molecular docking studies confirmed the GABA agonist’s effects, and the results revealed that quercetin. gallic acid, luteolic acid, gentixic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, ricinoilc acid and standard phenytoin, clonazepam has highest Glide scores against all the selected proteins which indicates a stronger receptor -ligand binding affinity. From in vivo and molecular docking results it is clear that methanolic root extract of Ricinus communis possessed significant antiepileptic activity.
Raman Effect Studies of Electrochemical Synthesized Quartz Crystal of Poly-O-Phenylenediamine for Piezoelectric Application
Authors: O. Francis Ndukwe , Nwokoye A. O. C. , Amalu E. U. , O. Anyanor O.
Published: August 2022

Microelectronics arose from the desire for miniaturization of electrical devices, while Nano-electronics arose from subsequent study. Researchers have developed and modeled energy harvesting technologies based on the conservation law of energy over the last two decades to produce an alternative power source for small size electronics (nano-electronics) and low power electronic devices that can replace traditional power sources like batteries. The ambient energy, which is typically in the form of solar, thermal, vibrational, and other types, can be converted into a variety of different forms. Electrical energy can be harvested from vibrational energy in materials and other man-made materials using piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and nano-electric generators. Poly-o-phenylenediamine (PoPD) Quartz (silicon dioxide) Crystals were electrochemically produced at varied percentage ratios of silicon dioxide and Poly-O-Phenylenediamine samples in this study (sample A represents 20:80 percent, sample B with 50:50 percent, and sample C has 60:40 percent respectively). The Raman Effect and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the material and forecast its Piezoelectric effect. All of the samples have their maximum peak record at Raman shift of 2872cm-1, however the Raman intensity varies. Sample A produced a peak intensity of 1250, Sample B produced a peak intensity of 1700, and Sample C produced a peak intensity of 2700. As the doping concentration of silicon dioxide increases, the Raman peak intensity for Poly-o-Phenylenediamine doped with silicon dioxide increases. The SEM images show that Sample A forms a fine cluster with little or no distinctive morphology, Sample B is ball-shaped with grain-like structure, and Sample C shows a flat, thin leaf-like shape. From sample A to C, the intra-particle separation rises, which corresponds to an increase in SiO2 concentration.
Tailoring the Thickness‐Dependent Optical Properties of Conducting Nitrides and Oxides for Epsilon‐Near‐Zero‐Enhanced Photonic Applications
Authors: Saha Soham , Ozlu Mustafa Goksu , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Diroll Benjamin T. , Schaller Richard D. , Kildishev Alexander , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: August 2022

The unique properties of the emerging photonic materials, conducting nitrides and oxides, especially their tailorability, large damage thresholds, and, importantly, the so‐called epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) behavior, have enabled novel photonic phenomena spanning optical circuitry, tunable metasurfaces, and nonlinear optical devices. This work explores direct control of the optical properties of polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) by tailoring the film thickness, and their potential for ENZ‐enhanced photonic applications. This study demonstrates that TiN–AZO bilayers support Ferrell–Berreman modes using the thickness‐dependent ENZ resonances in the AZO films operating in the telecom wavelengths spanning from 1470 to 1750 nm. The bilayer stacks also act as strong light absorbers in the ultraviolet regime using the radiative ENZ modes and the Fabry–Perot modes in the constituent TiN films. The studied Berreman resonators exhibit optically induced reflectance modulation of 15% with picosecond response time. Together with the optical response tailorability of conducting oxides and nitrides, using the field enhancement near the tunable ENZ regime can enable a wide range of nonlinear optical phenomena, including all‐optical switching, time refraction, and high‐harmonic generation.
Effect of particles on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a slurry bubble column: Correlation of experimental data
Authors: Zhang Huahai , Guo Zhongshan , Wang Yuelin , Shen Xiankun , Wang Tiefeng
Published: August 2022

The effects of particle concentration and size on hydrodynamics and mass transport in an air–water slurry bubble column were experimentally studied. When the particle concentration αs increased from 0% to 20%, the averaged gas holdup decreased by ~30%, gas holdup of small bubbles and gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient decreased by up to 50%, while the gas holdup of large bubbles increased slightly. The overall effect of particle size was insignificant. A liquid turbulence attenuation model which could quantitatively describe the effects of particle concentration and size was first proposed. Semi‐empirical correlations were obtained based on extensive experimental data in a wide range of operating conditions and corrected liquid properties. The gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient calculated by the correlations agreed with the experimental data from both two‐phase and three‐phase bubble columns, with a maximum error <25%.
Brain Connectivity Predicts Chronic Pain in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bosak Noam , Branco Paulo , Kuperman Pora , Buxbaum Chen , Cohen Ruth Manor , Fadel Shiri , Zubeidat Rabab , Hadad Rafi , Lawen Amir , Saadon‐Grosman Noam , Sterling Michele , Granovsky Yelena , Apkarian Apkar Vania , Yarnitsky David , Kahn Itamar
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Previous studies have established the role of the cortico‐mesolimbic and descending pain modulation systems in chronic pain prediction. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an acute pain model where chronic pain is prevalent and complicated for prediction. In this study, we set out to study whether functional connectivity (FC) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is predictive of pain chronification in early‐acute mTBI.

Methods

To estimate FC, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 105 participants with mTBI following a motor vehicle collision was acquired within 72 hours post‐accident. Participants were classified according to pain ratings provided at 12‐months post‐collision into chronic pain (head/neck pain ≥30/100, n = 44) and recovery (n = 61) groups, and their FC maps were compared.

Results

The chronic pain group exhibited reduced negative FC between NAc and a region within the primary motor cortex corresponding with the expected representation of the area of injury. A complementary pattern was also demonstrated between PAG and the primary somatosensory cortex. PAG and NAc also shared increased FC to the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) within the recovery group. Brain connectivity further shows high classification accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = .86) for future chronic pain, when combined with an acute pain intensity report.

Interpretation

FC features obtained shortly after mTBI predict its transition to long‐term chronic pain, and may reflect an underlying interaction of injury‐related primary sensorimotor cortical areas with the mesolimbic and pain modulation systems. Our findings indicate a potential predictive biomarker and highlight targets for future early preventive interventions. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:819–833
Optically stimulated luminescence properties of commercially available KCL dietary supplements as retrospective dosimeters
Authors: Szufa Katarzyna M. , Majgier Renata
Published: August 2022

In the case of an unexpected exposure to radiation in places where there is no access to standard dosimeters, materials that can act as detectors in methods of retrospective dosimetry are looked for. Such materials include, but are not limited to, medicines and dietary supplements that are found in households or in personal bags. This article presents the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetric properties of dietary supplements, the main ingredient of which is a sensitive phosphor – potassium chloride (KCl). Three types of KCl dietary supplements were tested and compared to a selection of four common drugs in terms of their sensitivity. Basic dosimetric properties of dietary supplements such as signal repeatability, dose response and fading were determined. The dose recovery test was performed 2 and 7 days after exposure to radiation. The obtained dose values for the two supplements showed good compliance with the nominal dose values and the possibility of correctly assigning the doses to the levels of triage (low dose 0–1 Gy, medium dose 1–2 Gy and high dose > 2 Gy). The presented results show that dietary supplements with KCl have the potential to be used as emergency detectors in the dose recovery process.
Effect of static and dynamic jaw positions on postural stability among people with blindness
Authors: Alghadir Ahmad H. , Zafar Hamayun , Ahmed Iqbal Zaheen , Anwer Shahnawaz , Iqbal Amir
Published: August 2022

Background

In comparison with the people with normal sight, the mean center of gravity (COG) velocity is significantly higher among blind people. A strong relationship has been shown between jaw and neck sensorimotor and postural control. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different static and dynamic jaw positions on postural stability among subjects with blindness.

Methods

Postural stability was measured as COG velocity in 39 blind subjects under the following five conditions: resting jaw (natural jaw position with no instructions, control), open jaw (teeth of both jaws slightly apart), clenched jaw (teeth tightly closed across each other), chewing (a standard bolus of gum at the natural palace), and tongue position (positioned behind the upper incisors) while standing on firm and foam surfaces.

Results

The mean COG velocity while standing on the firm surface during resting, open jaw position, clenched jaw position, chewing, and tongue positions were 0.54, 0.50, 0.44, 0.59, and 0.46 deg/s, respectively. The mean COG velocity while standing on the foam surface during resting, open jaw position, clenched jaw position, chewing, and tongue positions were 1.42, 1.23, 1.10, 1.14, and 1.06 deg/s, respectively. Compared to the firm surface, the COG velocity was significantly higher on the foam surface in all five conditions (p < .001). In the comparison between the conditions, there were no significant differences in either the firm or foam surface in all five conditions (p > .05).

Conclusion

People with blindness behave in the same way as sighted subjects on firm and foam surfaces. However, changes in static and dynamic jaw positions do not affect postural stability among them.
Thermocatalytic Cracking of Frying Oil and Plastic Waste for Production of Organic Liquid Products and Derivatives
Authors: da Silva Mateus Adriano , Serafim Francisco Arleth Prata , Francisco Paulo , Manuel Ngoma , Barros António André Chivanga
Published: August 2022

The use of waste in thermochemical processes, with or without catalysts, to provide environmental solutions, is an effective response to waste generation and offers a solution for providing energy to the transport and industrial sectors. Experiments were carried out using a plug flow reactor (PFR) reactor for the thermal and catalytic cracking of a frying oil and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mixture, to produce bio‐oil and its derivatives with the same characteristics of crude oil and petroleum derivatives. Mixtures were fed into the PFR reactor for cracking at atmospheric pressure and 450 °C. All the operational conditions were controlled to better evaluate the quality of the products obtained from each reaction. Four experiments were carried out under different conditions. It was observed that increasing the catalyst in the feed flow improved the organic liquid product (OLP) yield. The experiments carried out showed the distribution of boiling points for the products and their derivatives in the distillation as well as the carbon number in the respective chains.
Trigonal Planar Au@Ag3Clusters Showing Exceptionally Fast and Efficient Phosphorescence in Violet to Deep‐Blue Region
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Baranov Andrey Yu. , Berezin Alexey S. , Lapteva Ulyana A. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu.
Published: August 2022

We report here a series of original ligand‐supported trigonal planar Au@Ag3clusters exhibiting bright solid‐state phosphorescence in violet to deep‐blue range (λmax=410–442 nm) with remarkably short decay times (0.36–1.36 μs) and up to 96 % emission quantum yield at 298 K.
Benefits of tolvaptan on early dyspnea relief in patients with acute heart failure: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shang Wenli , Zhang Yingying , Han Dong
Published: August 2022

Considering the prevalence of dyspnea in acute heart failure (AHF), its reduction is important to both patients and caregivers. This meta‐analysis was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan on early dyspnea relief in patients with AHF. A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on treatment of AHF with tolvaptan, compared with placebo or blank, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (CI). Five RCTs (enrolling 4857 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Tolvaptan presented significant effects on 12 h dyspnea relief (RR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.24−3.15; p = .004), 24 h/day 1 dyspnea relief (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07−1.24; p = .0003), 48 h dyspnea relief (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06−1.36; p = .004), and 72 h dyspnea relief (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02−1.37; p = .03). No significant increase was noticed in the incidence of worsening renal function in tolvaptan group (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.87−1.39; p = .43). Tolvaptan treatment significantly improved patient‐assessed dyspnea early and persistently in patients with AHF.
Adaptive multi‐layer clustering strategies based on capacity weight for Internet of Things
Authors: Liu Xingchun , Yu Jingjing , Feng Zhipeng , Wang Hongxv , Tian Hui
Published: August 2022

Due to the requirements brought by diversification of IoT applications, differentiation of nodes' capability, dynamic communication environment and demands, the real‐time information of nodes (actual energy consumption, living nodes' density, pairwise nodes' communication radius) should be considered comprehensively for the clustering strategies of wireless sensor networks to achieve efficient, stable, and flexible performance with limited energy and different quality of service (QoS). This article proposes an improved dynamic multi‐layer clustering strategy for various IoT applications with heterogeneous nodes' energy, unpredictable or fast‐changing distribution of alive nodes, and dynamic scenarios. In addition, an adaptive adjustment strategy based on capability weight for multi‐layer clustering network is proposed to reduce the impact of unreasonable head selection cycle of clustering. By analyzing the node energy, the change of node locations and historical data transmission of cluster head, different capability weights are assigned to each node to adaptively re‐cluster the clusters with heavy load and poor performance, further make the network topology better match current situation and specified QoS requirements. Experimental results have demonstrated that proposed strategy can achieve less energy consumption, longer network lifetime, and better load balancing, especially for the cases with heterogeneous initial energy, nonuniform distribution, and higher density of nodes.
The Laccase‐Lig Multienzymatic Multistep System in Lignin Valorization
Authors: Vignali Elisa , Gigli Matteo , Cailotto Simone , Pollegioni Loredano , Rosini Elena , Crestini Claudia
Published: August 2022

A laccase‐Lig multienzymatic multistep system for lignin depolymerization was designed and developed. Studies were performed on pristine and fractionated lignins (Kraft and Organosolv) using a specific cascade of enzymes, that is, laccases from Bacillus licheniformis and from Funalia trogii, respectively for Kraft and Organosolv lignin, followed by the Lig system from Sphingobium sp. SYK‐6 (β‐etherases Lig E and Lig F, glutathione lyase Lig G). Careful elucidation of the structural modifications occurring in the residual lignins associated with the identification and quantification of the generated low‐molecular‐weight compounds showed that (i) the laccase‐Lig system cleaves non‐phenolic aryl glycerol β‐O‐4 aryl ether bonds, and (ii) the overall reactivity is heavily dependent on the individual lignin structure. More specifically, samples with low phenolic/aliphatic OH groups ratio undergo net depolymerization, while an increased phenolic/aliphatic OH ratio results in the polymerization of the residual lignin irrespective of its botanical origin and isolation process.
Confined WS2 Nanosheets Tubular Nanohybrid as High‐Kinetic and Durable Anode for Sodium‐Based Dual Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu YangJie , Li Junwei , Liu Beibei , Chen Yuhua , Wu Yongmin , Hu Xiang , Zhong Guobao , Yuan Jun , Chen Junxiang , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai
Published: August 2022

Sodium based dual‐ion battery (SDIB) has been regarded as one of the promising batteries technologies thanks to its high working voltage and natural abundance of sodium source, its practical application yet faces critical issues of low capacity and sluggish kinetics of intercalation‐type graphite anode. Here, a tubular nanohybrid composed of building blocks of carbon‐film wrapped WS2 nanosheets on carbon nanotube (WS2/C@CNTs) was reported. The expanded (002) interlayer and dual‐carbon confined structure endowed WS2 nanosheets with fast charge transportation and excellent structural stability, and thus WS2/C@CNTs showed highly attractive electrochemical properties for Na+ storage with high reversible capacity, fast kinetic, and robust durability. The full sodium‐based dual ion batteries by coupling WS2/C@CNTs anode with graphite cathode full cell presented a high reversible capacity (210 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), and excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 137 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1.
HHV8‐negative primary effusion‐based large B‐cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR::ABL1‐positive under dasatinib treatment: Report of a new case and literature review
Authors: Christe Lucine , Veloza Luis , Gros Louis , Bisig Bettina , Blum Sabine , Hewer Ekkehard , de Leval Laurence
Published: August 2022

Dasatinib, a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), used as treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR::ABL1‐positive (CML), is complicated by pleural or pericardial effusions in about one‐third of patients. Besides, in exceptional instances, effusion‐based neoplastic B‐cell lymphoproliferations have been described. Here, we report an HHV8‐negative, EBV‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as a pericardial effusion in a patient with CML treated with dasatinib for 23 months, without associated tumor mass or lymphadenopathies. Large tumor cells showed a B‐cell phenotype (CD20+, CD79+), with evidence of EBV infection (EBER‐ISH+), but HHV8 (LANA‐1) negative. Monoclonal IG gene rearrangements were identified. BCL2, BCL6, and MYC genes were not rearranged. Despite the aggressive cytomorphology the patient was in complete remission after 4 cycles of R‐CHOP after 8 months follow‐up. Four other cases of large B‐cell effusion‐based lymphomas developed in the setting of dasatinib therapy for CML have been reported in the literature. The four cases were HHV8‐negative and one case was EBV‐positive. Three of the four patients experienced a benign clinical course, which is in contrast to HHV8‐positive primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The mechanisms of development of these effusion‐based B‐cell lymphoproliferations in patients receiving TKI are not completely elucidated. Acute or relapsing effusions during TKI treatment in the setting of CML should be cytologically examined to exclude clonal B‐cell lymphoproliferations.
Tooth transplantation and replantation: Biological insights towards therapeutic improvements
Authors: Ideno Hisashi , Komatsu Koichiro , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Nifuji Akira
Published: August 2022

Transplantation and replantation of teeth are effective therapeutic approaches for tooth repositioning and avulsion, respectively. Transplantation involves transplanting an extracted tooth from the original site into another site, regenerating tissue including the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone, around the transplanted tooth. Replantation places the avulsed tooth back to its original site, regenerating functional periodontal tissue. In clinical settings, transplantation and replantation result in favorable outcomes with regenerated PDL tissue in many cases. However, they often result in poor outcomes with two major complications: tooth ankylosis and root resorption. In tooth ankylosis, the root surface and alveolar bone are fused, reducing the PDL tissue between them. The root is subjected to remodeling processes and is partially replaced by bone. In severe cases, the resorbed root is completely replaced by bone tissue, which is called as “replacement resorption.” Resorption is sometimes accompanied by infection‐mediated inflammation. The molecular mechanisms of ankylosis and root resorption remain unclear, although some signaling mechanisms have been proposed. In this mini‐review, we summarized the biological basis of repair mechanisms of tissues in transplantation and replantation and the pathogenesis of their healing failure. We also discussed possible therapeutic interventions to improve treatment success rates.
Nutrient‐dependent allometric plasticity in a male‐diphenic mite
Authors: Rhebergen Flor T. , Stewart Kathryn A. , Smallegange Isabel M.
Published: August 2022

Male secondary sexual traits often scale allometrically with body size. These allometries can be variable within species and may shift depending on environmental conditions, such as food quality. Such allometric plasticity has been hypothesized to initiate local adaptation and evolutionary diversification of scaling relationships, but is under‐recorded, and its eco‐evolutionary effects are not well understood. Here, we tested for allometric plasticity in the bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini), in which large males tend to develop as armed adult fighters with thickened third legs, while small males become adult scramblers without thickened legs. We first examined the ontogenetic timing for size‐ and growth‐dependent male morph determination, using experimentally amplified fluctuations in growth rate throughout juvenile development. Having established that somatic growth and body size determine male morph expression immediately before metamorphosis, we examined whether the relationship between adult male morph and size at metamorphosis shifts with food quality. We found that the threshold body size for male morph expression shifts toward lower values with deteriorating food quality, confirming food‐dependent allometric plasticity. Such allometric plasticity may allow populations to track prevailing nutritional conditions, potentially facilitating rapid evolution of allometric scaling relationships.
Food quantity and quality shapes reproductive strategies of Daphnia
Authors: Bednarska Anna
Published: August 2022

In freshwater environments, one of the challenges aquatic grazers face are periods of suboptimal food quantity and quality. In a life table experiment, the effects of food quantity (a gradient of algae concentration) and quality (a diet of cyanobacteria) on the life histories and resource allocation strategy in Daphnia magna were tested. Growth‐related traits were similarly affected under different food regimes while the reproductive strategies differed in animals exposed to low food quantity and quality. The per‐clutch investment (clutch volume) did not differ between Daphnia fed with cyanobacteria and underfed mothers, but resources were differently allocated; underfed mothers increased their per‐offspring investment by producing fewer, but larger eggs, whereas cyanobacteria‐fed mothers invested in a greater number of eggs of smaller size. I argue that both strategies of resource allocation (number vs. size of eggs) may be adaptive under the given food regime. The results of the study show that the cyanobacteria diet‐driven fitness losses are comparable to losses caused by food quantity, which is only slightly above the growth capability threshold for Daphnia.
A Web‐like Three‐dimensional Binder for Silicon Anode in Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Liyuan , Li Tao , Sha Yifan , Ren Baozeng , Zhang Lan , Zhang Suojiang
Published: August 2022

Si anode is of paramount importance for advanced energy‐dense lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change as well as stress generates during its lithiation‐delithiation process poses a great challenge to the long‐term cycling and hindering its application. Herein this work, a composite binder is prepared with a soft component, guar gum (GG), and a rigid linear polymer, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). Rich hydroxy, carboxyl, and amide groups on the polymer chains not only enable intermolecular crosslinking to form a web‐like binder, A2G1, but also realize strong chemical binding as well as physical encapsulating to Si particles. The resultant electrode shows limited thickness change of merely 9% on lithiation and almost recovers its original thickness on delithiation. It demonstrates high reversible capacity of 2104.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 1800 mA g−1, and in constant capacity (1000 mAh g−1) test, it also shows a long life of 392 cycles. Therefore, this soft‐hard combining web‐like binder illustrates its great potential in the future applications.
Conducting Polymers Meet Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhao Chengcheng , Yang Kai , Sun Shiyi , Bi Jinxin , Zhu Ningrui , Cai Qiong , Wang Jianan , Yan Wei
Published: August 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted increased interest because of the high theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Conducting polymers (CPs), as one of the most promising materials used in Li–S batteries, can not only facilitate electron transfer and buffer the large volumetric change of sulfur benefiting from their porous structure and excellent flexibility, but also enable stronger physical/chemical adsorption capacity toward polysulfides (LiPSs) when doped with abundant heteroatoms to promote the sulfur redox kinetics and achieve the high sulfur loading. This review firstly introduces the properties of various CPs including structural CPs (polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANi), polyethylene dioxothiophene [PEDOT]) and compound CPs (polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) [PAA]), and their application potential in Li–S batteries. Furthermore, the research progress of various CPs in different components (cathode, separator, and interlayer) of Li–S batteries is systematically summarized. Finally, the application perspective of the CPs in Li–S batteries as a potential guidance is comprehensively discussed.
Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in Tang‐e Vanak section (Central Zagros Basin, SW Iran)
Authors: Asgari‐Pirbalouti Borzu , Dehghanian Mohammadsadegh
Published: August 2022

The Tarbur Formation is a carbonate stratigraphic unit in the Zagros Basin. This formation is exposed between the Main Zagros Reverse and High Zagros faults and Sabzpoushan Fault. In this study, we describe the depositional characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous sediments (Tarbur Formation) in the Tang‐e Vanak section. In this section, the lower conglomeratic boundary below the Tarbur Formation is named the Amiran Formation and the upper boundary of the Tarbur Formation is disconformably overlain by white dolomitic deposits of the Shahbazan Formation. The Tarbur Formation was interpreted to be deposited in a carbonate homoclinic ramp due to the lack of a deep lagoon environment in the back of the reef structures and the turbidity sediments in its frontal margin. Based on this study, 8 microfacies were recognized including (1) Algal‐foraminiferal wackestone/packstone (2) Bioclastic‐ algal wackestone/packstone, (3) Intraclast bioclastic packstone, (4) Coral boundstone, (5) Rudist boundstone, (6) Bioclastic grainstone, (7) Bioclastic‐foraminiferal wackestone, and (8) Planktonic foraminiferal intraclastic wackestone/packstone. These microfacies were located in the inner, middle, and outer ramp.
Transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate fMRI drug cue reactivity in methamphetamine users: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ekhtiari Hamed , Soleimani Ghazaleh , Kuplicki Rayus , Yeh Hung‐Wen , Cha Yoon‐Hee , Paulus Martin
Published: August 2022

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a therapeutic option to alter maladaptive brain functions associated with chronic substance use. We present a randomized, triple‐blind, sham‐controlled, clinical trial to determine the neural substrates of tDCS effects on drug craving. Sixty participants with methamphetamine use disorder were assigned to two groups: active tDCS (5 x 7 cm2, 2 mA, 20 min, anode/cathode over the F4/Fp1) and sham stimulation. Neuroimaging data of a methamphetamine cue reactivity task were collected immediately before and after stimulation. There was a significant reduction in self‐reported craving after stimulation without any significant effect of time‐by‐group interaction. Our whole‐brain analysis demonstrated that there was a global decrease in brain reactivity to cues following sham but not active tDCS. There were significant time‐by‐group interactions in five main clusters in middle and inferior frontal gyri, anterior insula, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus with higher activations after active stimulation. There was a significant effect of stimulation type in the relationship between electrical current at the individual level and changes in task‐modulated activation. Brain regions with the highest electric current in the prefrontal cortex showed a significant time‐by‐group interaction in task‐modulated connectivity in the frontoparietal network. In this trial, there was no significant effect of the one session of active‐F4/Fp1 tDCS on drug craving self‐report compared to sham stimulation. However, activation and connectivity differences induced by active compared to sham stimulation suggested some potential mechanisms of tDCS to modulate neural response to drug cues.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland: Clinicopathological analysis of 146 cases from a single institute
Authors: Zhang Chunye , Gu Ting , Tian Zhen , Wang Lizhen , Han Jing , Hu Yuhua , Xia Ronghui , Li Jiang
Published: August 2022

Background

Parotid lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a rare malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of parotid LEC.

Methods

All patients clinicopathological information diagnosed parotid LEC from 2005 to 2017 were analyzed.

Results

A total of 146 cases of parotid LECs were identified. Of these, 126 (86.3%) were primary and 20 (13.7%) were secondary LECs. Patients with secondary LEC tended to have tumors with earlier TNM staging than those with primary (p = 0.031). The tumor cells in 87 (94.6%, 87/92) cases tested positive for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Cervical node metastases were present at diagnosis in 46 (31.5%) cases. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 97.0% and 90.8%, respectively. Older age was an adverse prognostic indicator for overall survival (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Parotid LEC is associated with EBV and an increased rate of cervical node metastases. However, most patients, especially younger ones, have a good prognosis.
Geomorphically mediated carbon dynamics of floodplain soils and implications for net effect of carbon erosion
Authors: Quine Timothy A. , Cressey Elizabeth L. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , De Baets Sarah , Meersmans Jeroen , Jones Matthew W. , Nicholas Andrew P.
Published: August 2022

The fate of organic carbon deposited in floodplain sediments is an important control on the magnitude and direction of the carbon flux from anthropogenically accelerated erosion and channelization of the riverine network. Globally, carbon deposition rates and mean residence time (MRT) within different geomorphic settings remains poorly constrained. We sampled soil profiles to 0.8 m depth from two geomorphic zones: active channel belt (ACB) and lowland floodplain, under long‐term pasture adjacent to the river Culm in SW England, UK. We evaluated sedimentation rates and carbon storage using fallout radionuclide 137Cs, particle size and total carbon analyses. Variation in decomposition was assessed via empirical (soil aggregate size, density fractionation combined with natural abundance 13C analysis) and modelling simulation (using the RothC model and catchment implications explored using a floodplain evolution model). Sedimentation and carbon accumulation rates were 5–6 times greater in the ACB than the floodplain. Carbon decomposition rates also varied with geomorphic setting. In floodplain cores, faster decomposition rates were indicated by greater 13C‐enrichment and subsoils dominated by mineral‐associated soil organic carbon. Whereas, in the ACB, carbon was less processed and 13C‐depleted, with light fraction and macroaggregate‐carbon throughout the cores, and RothC modelled decomposition rates were 4‐fold less than lowland floodplain cores. Including the ACB in floodplain carbon MRT calculations increased overall MRT by 10%. The major differences in the balance of sedimentation and decomposition rates between active and inactive floodplains suggests the relative extent of these contrasting zones is critical to the overall carbon balance. Restoration projects could enhance soil carbon storage by maximizing active floodplain areas by increasing river channel complexity.
Redesigning Reading in and for the Disciplines
Authors: Glasswell Kathryn , Madda Christina L. , Glasswell Nicky
Published: August 2022

Challenges associated with reading in the disciplines are well documented. In this article, we report on a small‐scale study that was part of a larger school‐university design‐based research collaboration focused on improving literacy learning in Australian high schools. We discuss Paired Wide Reading (PWR), an instructional innovation designed to increase opportunities for adolescent learners to read engaging and relevant texts within disciplinary lessons. Mean pre and post‐test reading comprehension scores revealed statistically significant improvements of twice the expected rate of gain for participating Year 9 students. Highlighting the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration among teachers, findings also suggest PWR's cumulative effect on measures of student reading comprehension. Students exposed to PWR across several curricular areas made the greatest gains. Additionally, teachers who infused PWR into their disciplinary lessons found it to be engaging, enriching and effective. This study underscores the potential of school‐university collaborations to redesign instruction in impactful ways.
Selenoprotein I deficiency in T cells promotes differentiation into tolerant phenotypes while decreasing Th17 pathology
Authors: Ma Chi , Hoffmann FuKun W , Nunes Lance G , Urena Frank , Andrukhiv Anastasia , Gerschenson Mariana , Pitts Matthew W , Hoffmann Peter R
Published: August 2022

Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an ethanolamine phospholipid transferase contributing to cellular metabolism and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. SELENOI knockout (KO) in T cells has been shown to impair metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation and reduce GPI-anchored Thy-1 levels, which are both crucial for Th17 differentiation. This suggests SELENOI may be important for Th17 differentiation, and we found that SELENOI was indeed up-regulated early during the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells in Th17 conditions. SELENOI KO reduced RORγt mRNA levels by decreasing SOX5 and STAT3 binding to promoter and enhancer regions in the RORC gene encoding this master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into inflammatory versus tolerogenic Th cell subsets was analyzed and results showed that SELENOI deficiency skewed differentiation away from pathogenic Th17 cells (RORγt+ and IL-17A+) while promoting tolerogenic phenotypes (Foxp3+ and IL-10+). Wild-type and T cell-specific SELENOI KO mice were subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), with KO mice exhibiting diminished clinical symptoms, reduced CNS pathology and decreased T cell infiltration. Flow cytometry showed that SELENOI T cell KO mice exhibited lower CD4+RORγt+ and CD4+IL-17A+ T cells and higher CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in CNS tissues of mice subjected to EAE. Thus, the metabolic enzyme SELENOI is up-regulated to promote RORγt transcription that drives Th17 differentiation, and SELENOI deficiency shifts differentiation toward tolerogenic phenotypes while protecting against pathogenic Th17 responses.