bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay: the mediating role of job engagement
Authors: Uraon Ram Shankar , Kumarasamy Ravikumar
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study examines the direct impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices (procedural, distributive, interpersonal and informational justice) on job satisfaction, intention to stay and job engagement. Further, it investigates the effect of job engagement on job satisfaction and intention to stay. Moreover, the study tests the mediating role of job engagement on the impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 650 self-report structured questionnaires were distributed among the employees of 50 information technology companies, and 503 samples were received. Partial least square-structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model.

Findings

This study revealed that justice perception of performance appraisal practices positively affects job satisfaction, intention to stay and job engagement. In addition, job engagement positively affects job satisfaction and intention to stay. Further, job engagement significantly transfers the impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay, thus confirming the mediating role of job engagement. However, the significant direct impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay in the presence of a mediator, i.e. job engagement, revealed partial mediation.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study augment the social exchange theory by explicating that an individual who perceives justice in performance appraisal practices is likely to have greater job engagement, which ultimately leads to higher job satisfaction and intention to stay. This study filled the research gap by examining the role of four justice components of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay and the mediating role of job engagement in transferring the impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay.

Practical implications

This study showed the importance of four justice components of performance appraisal practices in enhancing employee job engagement. Hence, this study would motivate information technology companies to maintain fairness in performance appraisal practices to enhance employee job engagement and ultimately increase job satisfaction and intention to stay.

Originality/value

This study is one of its kind that tested the direct impact of comprehensive justice components (procedural, distributive, interpersonal and informational justice) of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay. In addition, this is a unique study that examined the mediating effect of job engagement on the impact of justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices on job satisfaction and intention to stay.
Effect of process parameters on the growth and wear resistance of CrAlN coating on silicon nitride surface
Authors: Lu He , Wu Yuhou , Liu Zijin , Wang He , Yan Guangyu , Bai Xu , Guo Jiancheng , Zheng Tongxiang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Preparing CrAlN coatings on the surface of silicon nitride bearings can improve their service life in oil-free lubrication. This paper aims to match the optimal process parameters for preparing CrAlN coatings on silicon nitride surfaces, and reveal the microscopic mechanism of process parameter influence on coating wear resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used molecular dynamics to analyze how process parameters affected the nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress of CrAlN coatings. An orthogonal test method was used to examine how deposition time, substrate temperature, nitrogen-argon flow rate and sputtering power impacted the wear resistance of CrAlN coatings under dry friction conditions.

Findings

Nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress have a significant influence on the surface morphology and wear resistance of CrAlN coatings. The process parameters for better wear resistance of the CrAlN coatings were at a deposition time of 120 min, a substrate temperature of 573 K, a nitrogen-argon flow rate of 1:1 and a sputtering power of 160 W.

Originality/value

Simulation analysis and experimental results of this paper can provide data to assist in setting process parameters for applying CrAlN coatings to silicon nitride bearings.
Predicting entrepreneurial intention in Colombian academics: a machine learning approach
Authors: Aristizábal Juan Manuel , Tarapuez Edwin , Astudillo Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Colombian researchers using machine learning (ML) techniques, considering their academic activity, contexts and social norms (SN).

Design/methodology/approach

Unsupervised classification techniques were applied, including principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering with the Ward method and a logistic model to evaluate the classification. This was done to group researchers according to their characteristics and EI.

Findings

The methodology used allowed the identification of three groups of academics with distinct characteristics, of which two showed a high presence of EI. The results indicate that EI is influenced by the connection with the private sector (consulting, intellectual property and applied research) and by the lack of institutional support from universities. Regarding SN, only the preference for entrepreneurial activity over being an employee and the social appreciation of entrepreneurial dedication were identified as predictors of EI.

Originality/value

The use of ML techniques to study the EI of researchers is uncommon. This study highlights the ability of the methodology used to identify differences between two groups of academics with similar characteristics but different levels of EI. One group was identified that, despite rejecting values associated with entrepreneurs, has a high predisposition to develop a career as an entrepreneur. This provides valuable information for designing policies that promote EI among Colombian researchers.
Knowledge management in boards of directors: effects of informational faultlines
Authors: Vandebeek Alana , Voordeckers Wim , Huybrechts Jolien , Lambrechts Frank
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how informational faultlines on a board affect the management of knowledge owned by directors and the consequences on organizational performance. In this study, informational faultlines are defined as hypothetical lines that divide a group into relatively homogeneous subgroups based on the alignment of several informational attributes among board members.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses unique hand-collected panel data covering 7,247 board members at 106 publicly traded firms to provide strong support for the hypothesized U-shaped relationship. The authors use a fixed effects approach and a system generalized method of moments approach to test the hypothesis.

Findings

The study finds that the relationship between informational faultlines on a board and organizational performance is U shaped, with the least optimal organizational performance experienced when boards have moderate informational faultlines. More specifically, informational faultlines within boards are negatively related to organizational performance across the weak-to-moderate range of informational faultlines and positively related to organizational performance across the moderate-to-strong range.

Research limitations/implications

By explaining the mechanisms through which informational faultlines are related to organizational performance, the authors contribute to the literature in a number of ways. By conceptualizing how the management of knowledge plays an important role in the particular setting of corporate boards, the authors add not only to literature on knowledge management but also to the faultline and corporate governance literature.

Originality/value

This study offers a rationale for prior mixed findings by providing an alternative theoretical basis to explain the effect of informational faultlines within boards on organizational performance. To advance the field, the authors build on the concept of knowledge demonstrability to illuminate how informational faultlines affect the management of knowledge within boards, which will translate to organizational performance.
Mapping the sustainability branding field: emerging trends and future directions
Authors: Nascimento Jorge , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to offer the intellectual structure and dynamics of the sustainability branding field, involving the identification of influential authors and journals, current and emerging themes, theories, methods, contexts and future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted a bibliometric approach of 1,509 articles retrieved from Scopus to analyze the evolution of the knowledge of sustainability branding and suggest future research. The analysis used various methods such as performance analysis, keyword analysis, cluster analysis and bibliographic coupling.

Findings

The topics of corporate image, philanthropy and stakeholder pressures were core in the foundation phase. Then rose the topics of sustainable development goals and global supply chains. Green marketing and the new paradigms of circularity, ethical consumerism and hyperconnected societies emerged more recently. Six thematic clusters represent the field’s knowledge structure: (1) corporate branding and reputation, (2) sustainable business development, (3) sustainable branding and ethical consumption, (4) corporate social responsibility, (5) brand equity and green marketing and (6) sustainability branding in hospitality and tourism.

Practical implications

This paper provides readers with an overview of sustainability branding core themes, key contributions and challenges, which can be used as a toolkit for brand management studies and practice.

Originality/value

The study’s uniqueness lies in bibliometric analysis (combined with network analysis and science mapping techniques) of the sustainability branding field from the identification and evolution of the thematic clusters to propose future research directions.
The COVID-19 pandemic and Google Search Trends
Authors: Alam Mahfooz , Aziz Tariq , Ansari Valeed Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the association of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths with mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms for the USA, the UK, India and worldwide using Google Trends.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between relative search volumes (RSVs) and mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms, with the total confirmed COVID-19 cases as well as deaths in the USA, UK, India and worldwide. The sample period starts from the day 100 cases were reported for the first time, which is 7 March 2020, 13 March 2020, 23 March 2020 and 28 January 2020 for the US, the UK, India and worldwide, respectively, and ends on 25 June 2020.

Findings

The results indicate a significant increase in anxiety, depression and stress leading to sleeping disorders or insomnia, further deteriorating mental health. The RSVs of employment are negatively significant, implying that people are hesitant to search for new jobs due to being susceptible to exposure, imposed lockdown and social distancing measures and changing employment patterns. The RSVs for financial terms exhibit the varying associations of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the stock market, loans, rent, etc.

Research limitations/implications

This study has implications for the policymakers, health experts and the government. The state governments must provide proper medical facilities and holistic care to the affected population. It may be noted that the findings of this study only lead us to conclude about the relationship between COVID-19 cases and deaths and Google Trends searches, and do not as such indicate the effect on actual behaviour.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA, UK and India and at the global level and RSVs for mental health-related, job-related and financial keywords.
Humanistic corporate accounts on social media: exploring identity construction and authenticity management
Authors: Mizukoshi Kosuke , Mari Hisashi
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to clarify identity building and authenticity management in human brand research, focusing on inside operators managing corporate accounts on social media. Conventional human brand research analyzes online influencers, and there is a research gap in whether these previous findings apply to corporate accounts.

Design/methodology/approach

Using netnography and interview data, this study analyzes Japanese corporate accounts on Twitter.

Findings

A corporate account’s identity is constructed under the influence of not only the brand but also the actual inside operator, called naka-no-hito, and other accounts that interact on social media. Corporate accounts are able to exhibit humanistic passion through the inside operator’s personality and maintain a distance from commerciality – to manage their authenticity. These activities attract general and other corporate and media accounts, and interactions with them re-create promotion effects.

Originality/value

This study observed that corporate accounts’ authenticity is not a trade-off between passion and commercial transparency but a compatibility achieved by coordinating interests among actors, together with the presence of inside operators.
Sustainable 3D printing with recycled tire rubber-based filaments: an investigation of process parameters and mechanical behaviour
Authors: Badini Silvia , Graziosi Serena , Carboni Michele , Regondi Stefano , Pugliese Raffaele
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates the potential of using the material extrusion (MEX) process for recycling waste tire rubber (WTR). By investigating the process parameters, mechanical behaviour and morphological characterisation of a thermoplastic polyurethane-waste tire rubber composite filament (TPU-WTR), this study aims to establish a framework for end-of-life tire (ELT) recycling using the MEX technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The research assesses the impact of various process parameters on the mechanical properties of the TPU-WTR filament. Hysteresis analysis and Poisson’s ratio estimation are conducted to investigate the material’s behaviour. In addition, the compressive performance of diverse TPU-WTR triply periodic minimal surface lattices is explored to test the filament suitability for printing intricate structures.

Findings

Results demonstrate the potential of the TPU-WTR filament in developing sustainable structures. The MEX process can, therefore, contribute to the recycling of WTR. Mechanical testing has provided insights into the influence of process parameters on the material behaviour, while investigating various lattice structures has challenged the material’s capabilities in printing complex topologies.

Social implications

This research holds significant social implications addressing the growing environmental sustainability and waste management concerns. Developing 3D-printed sustainable structures using recycled materials reduces resource consumption and promotes responsible production practices for a more environmentally conscious society.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field by showcasing the use of MEX technology for ELT recycling, particularly focusing on the TPU-WTR filament, presenting a novel approach to sustainable consumption and production aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.
Return and volatility transmission among economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk and precious metals
Authors: Adeosun Opeoluwa Adeniyi , Anagreh Suhaib , Tabash Mosab I. , Vo Xuan Vinh
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the return and volatility transmission among economic policy uncertainty (EPU), geopolitical risk (GPR), their interaction (EPGR) and five tradable precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) frequency-based connectedness approach to a data set spanning from January 1997 to February 2023, the study analyzes return and volatility connectedness separately, providing insights into how the data, in return and volatility forms, differ across time and frequency.

Findings

The results of the return connectedness show that gold, palladium and silver are affected more by EPU in the short term, while all precious metals are influenced by GPR in the short term. EPGR exhibits strong contributions to the system due to its elevated levels of policy uncertainty and extreme global risks. Palladium shows the highest reaction to EPGR, while silver shows the lowest. Return spillovers are generally time-varying and spike during critical global events. The volatility connectedness is long-term driven, suggesting that uncertainty and risk factors influence market participants’ long-term expectations. Notable peaks in total connectedness occurred during the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, with the latter being the highest.

Originality/value

Using the recently updated news-based uncertainty indicators, the study examines the time and frequency connectedness between key uncertainty measures and precious metals in their returns and volatility forms using the TVP-VAR frequency-based connectedness approach.
Tesla: route to India, route in India
Authors: Singh Jagandeep
Published: January 2024

Research methodology

The case has been developed by using secondary sources of information.

Case overview/synopsis

Tesla’s much-awaited foray into the burgeoning Indian electric vehicle (EV) marketplace had hit the “high import tariff” roadblock. Discussions ensued and finally, Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and the Indian Government found common ground. The moot point of Tesla’s entry mode was resolved. Musk announced Tesla’s plan to set up an EV supply chain and manufacturing facility in the host country. This case discusses factors affecting location decision, market entry modes and international corporate-level strategies. Tata Motors sold affordable cars and was miles ahead in the EV race in India. Musk had to align Tesla’s India strategy with the company’s global strategy to woo the price-sensitive Indian consumers. What were the options available to him? This case examines different business-level strategic options that could help Tesla drive in the fast lane in India.

Complexity academic level

The case can be used in international strategy course at graduate level. It can also be used in a session on international marketing in marketing management course.
Deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque, erythrodermic, or generalized pustular psoriasis: Efficacy and safety results from an open‐label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Imafuku Shinichi , Okubo Yukari , Tada Yayoi , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Colston Elizabeth , Napoli Andrew , Shao Yanqiu , Banerjee Subhashis , Morita Akimichi
Published: January 2024

Deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, is approved in Japan for adult patients with plaque (PP), generalized pustular (GPP), and erythrodermic (EP) psoriasis who have had an inadequate response to conventional systemic therapies. This approval is based on results from the global phase 3 POETYK PSO‐1 and PSO‐2 trials in which deucravacitinib was associated with significantly improved efficacy outcomes compared with placebo in adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and results described here from POETYK PSO‐4, an open‐label, single‐arm, phase 3 trial (NCT03924427), which evaluated the efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib 6 mg once daily in adult Japanese patients with PP, GPP, or EP. The coprimary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a ≥75% reduction from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and a static Physician's Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) (sPGA 0/1) with at least a two‐point improvement from baseline at week 16. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing data. Efficacy responses, adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded for up to 52 weeks. Seventy‐four patients were treated (PP, n = 63; GPP, n = 3; EP, n = 8). At week 16, 76.2%, 66.7%, and 37.5% of patients with PP, GPP, and EP, respectively, had achieved PASI 75, and 82.5%, 0.0%, and 50.0% had achieved sPGA 0/1. Responses were overall maintained through week 52. AEs occurred in 74.6% of patients with PP, 100% of patients with GPP, and 87.5% of patients with EP. The most common AEs were nasopharyngitis and acne. Rates of SAEs and discontinuations were low. There were no deaths. Deucravacitinib was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with moderate to severe PP and in a limited number of patients with GPP or EP.
Effect of lanadelumab on attack frequency and QoL in Japanese patients with hereditary angioedema: Report of five cases
Authors: Hioki Chika , Oda Yoshiko , Moriwaki Shinichi , Fukunaga Atsushi
Published: January 2024

Lanadelumab, a recombinant human anti‐kallikrein monoclonal antibody, is recommended as the first‐line option for long‐term prophylaxis (LTP) in hereditary angioedema (HAE). However, the efficacy of lanadelumab and its effects on the quality of life (QoL) in Japanese HAE patients using real‐world data have not been reported. Herein, we report the outcomes of five HAE patients who were treated with lanadelumab at two Japanese institutions. We retrospectively collected data on attack frequency and on‐demand treatment frequency using an angioedema quality of life (AE‐QoL) questionnaire. Our data corresponded to five Japanese HAE patients who started lanadelumab treatment: four with HAE due to C1‐inhibitor deficiency (HAE‐1) and one with HAE with a normal C1‐inhibitor (HAE‐nC1‐INH). Two HAE‐1 patients showed a reduction in both attacks and number of on‐demand treatments. The other HAE‐1 patients had an increase in the number of on‐demand treatments, although there was no apparent reduction in attacks. The HAE‐nC1‐INH patient showed a slight increase in both attacks and number of on‐demand treatments. Only one HAE‐1 patient discontinued treatment after 1 month owing to side effects, including dizziness and headache. All four who continued treatment showed improved AE‐QoL total and domain scores. Therefore, in this study, using real‐world data, we demonstrated that lanadelumab reduced attack frequency and improved QoL in Japanese HAE patients.
Assessing the reach and safety of an innovative urgent care service tailored to older adults
Authors: Greene Leanne , Crotty Maria , Whitehead Craig , Rahja Miia , Murad Javaria , Dang Kwok , Partington Andrew , Laver Kate
Published: January 2024

Traditional emergency departments (EDs) are overcrowded and sometimes not suitable for older adults with complex needs. Specialised geriatric urgent care pathways for selected patients can alleviate ED demand and improve patient experience. To address urgent care needs for older adults in Southern Adelaide, the Complex And RestorativE (CARE) service was established. CARE offers alternative, geriatrician‐led treatment pathways consisting of a ward‐based treatment centre and an in‐home visiting team called Eyes on Scene (EoS). Both pathways offer medical, nursing and allied health treatment. Routinely collected clinical data were analysed to explore the reach of the service and the incidence and nature of adverse events. Between September 2021 and March 2023, the CARE service attended to 5324 older adults requiring urgent care. A significant proportion of patients were discharged to or remained in their regular place of residence, with few requiring inpatient admissions or referrals to other facilities. A total of 7% of patients required transfer to ED and adverse events were rare. The CARE service demonstrates a feasible and safe alternative model of urgent care for older Australians.
Real‐life experience with dimethylfumarate in palmoplantar psoriasis: A multicentre retrospective Italian study
Authors: Giacomo Caldarola , Emanuele Trovato , Martina Burlando , Eugenio Capalbo , Federico Diotallevi , Viviana Lora , Maria Pinto Lorenzo , Ruslana Gaeta Shumak , Thais Fastame Maria , Marco Mariani , Elena Campione , Annamaria Offidani , Aurora Parodi , Francesca Prignano
Published: January 2024

Palmoplantar (PP) psoriasis is considered one of the most hard‐to‐treat areas with important impact on patients' quality of life, and few data are available about the efficacy of dimethylfumarate (DMF) on these areas. In our noninterventional multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients with PP psoriasis treated with DMF, effectiveness was evaluated as mean pp Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (ppPASI) reduction and as proportion of patients that reach ppPASI 75 at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The reduction in ppPASI was 23.5% at w4, 49.7% at w12, 69.1% at w24 and 81.1% at w48. pp Investigator's Global Assessment (ppIGA) 0/1 was reached by 5 patients (10.64%) at w4, 10 patients (23.8%) at w12, 11 patients (40.7%) at w24 and 12 patients (60%) at w48 confirming that DMF could represent an effective therapy in patients affected by PP psoriasis. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated although only 24 patients made it to 24 weeks of therapy and 28 patients completed the observation period at 48 weeks. None of the patients reported adverse events requiring discontinuation of the drug. However, this discontinuation rate is in line with clinical trials and real‐world evidence.
Rural general practitioner confidence in diagnosing and managing dementia: A two‐stage, mixed methods study of dementia‐specific training
Authors: Crombie Angela , Lingam Shivanjali , Pascoe Amy , Disler Peter , Asaid Adel , Disler Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Dementias a prevalent chronic healthcare condition affecting 46 million people worldwide and projected to grow in the coming years. Australians living in rural and regional areas often lack access to specialist dementia care, despite greater prevalence relative to metropolitan areas.

Objective

This study aimed to explore general practitioners (GP) understanding, confidence and attitudes towards dementia management in the rural context, and design and pilot a dementia‐specific training program.

Design

A two‐stage, mixed methods design, using qualitative and quantitative methods. Sixteen regional GPs from across Victoria participated in scoping semi‐structured interviews. Fourteen separate GPs in the St Anthony Family Medical Practice group in the regional Loddon–Mallee area of Victoria completed the pilot training intervention. Pre‐ and post‐training surveys (n = 10), as well as post‐training interviews (n = 10), assessed attitude and knowledge changes.

Findings

Analysis of semi‐structured scoping interviews indicated three themes regarding experience of dementia management, including: (1) attitudes to and experiences of dementia; (2) supporting people living with dementia; and (3) knowledge, education and training of dementia. The pilot dementia‐specific training was found to improve attitudes (agreement across 24 best‐practice indicators improved from 30% to 79%), knowledge (median increase of 2.5/10) and confidence in managing dementia and disclosing dementia diagnoses (median increase 3/10 and 2.75/10, respectively).

Discussion

General practitioners in this study lacked initial confidence in detecting and managing dementia in a rural primary care setting. A targeted training program showed improvements in these areas.

Conclusion

Accessible, locally delivered, dementia education has the potential to improve confidence in early detection and management of people with dementia and thereby may address gaps in access to care for people living with dementia in rural settings.
“We touch their heart”: Plastic Automaticity and Affective Labour at Jakarta Soekarno‐Hatta Airport
Authors: Adey Peter , Lin Weiqiang , Harris Tina
Published: January 2024

Labour research in geography has long been fascinated with the role of affects and emotions in capitalism. This article foregrounds ambivalent moments when labour creatively uses affection and intimacy to make claims over autonomy and agency. Set against a backdrop of increasing automation of infrastructural work, we draw on interviews with personnel at Jakarta Soekarno‐Hatta Airport (CGK). In culturally situating these automations, we evince how the “heart” (or the Indonesian notion of curahan hati), with semblances to customer‐facing labour management practices, and other affective dispositions under neoliberal life, is repeatedly deployed to “fill in the gaps” for where automation may fail. We illuminate how these workers navigate wearying, uncertain, and demanding facilitation, security, and customer service situations by emphasising “heart‐to‐heart” relations, even as they stave off technology's encroachments (and withdrawals). This plastic automaticity offers a template by which the pressures of capital's technologisation could be relieved, beyond emotional labour.
The role of cold ischemia time and hypothermic perfusion in predicting early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrences after liver transplantation
Authors: Dajti Gerti , Germinario Giuliana , Prosperi Enrico , Siniscalchi Antonio , Vasuri Francesco , Valente Sabrina , Odaldi Federica , Maroni Lorenzo , Serenari Matteo , Bertuzzo Valentina , Laurenzi Andrea , del Gaudio Massimo , Cescon Matteo , Ravaioli Matteo
Published: January 2024

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify predictors of early tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in 237 consecutive liver recipients with HCC between 2016 and 2021. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify predictors of early HCC recurrences. The impact of hypothermic‐oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) on outcome was analyzed after propensity score weighting.

Results

Early recurrences were observed in 15 cases. Microvascular invasion (OR 3.737, 95% CI 1.246–11.206, p = 0.019) and cold ischemia time (OR 1.155, 95% CI 1.001–1.333, p = 0.049) were independently associated with a lower risk of HCC recurrences. After balancing for relevant variables, patients in the HOPE group had lower rates of tumor recurrence (weighted OR 0.126, 95% CI 0.016–0.989, p = 0.049) and higher recurrence free survival (weighted HR 0.132, 95% CI 0.017–0.999, p = 0.050).

Conclusion

Reducing cold ischemia time and graft perfusion with HOPE can lead to lower rates of early HCC recurrences and higher recurrence‐free survival.
Erythrocyte metabolism
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Panagiotis N. , Margaritelis Nikos V. , Paschalis Vassilis , Theodorou Anastasios A. , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Kyparos Antonios , D'Alessandro Angelo , Nikolaidis Michalis G.
Published: January 2024

Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine‐tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.
Close monitoring and early intervention: management principles for cystic fibrosis in Denmark
Authors: Qvist Tavs , Nielsen Bibi Uhre , Olesen Hanne Vebert , Mathiesen Inger Hee Mabuza , Faurholt‐Jepsen Daniel , Katzenstein Terese L. , Helweg‐Larsen Jannik , Rönsholt Frederikke , Jeppesen Majbritt , Olsen Mette Frahm , Buchvald Frederik Fouirnaies , Nielsen Kim Gjerum , Jensen‐Fangel Søren , Pressler Tania , Skov Marianne
Published: January 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) care in Denmark has been characterized by close monitoring and pre‐emptive treatment of lung disease and other CF‐related complications. Continuous evaluation through data collection and commitment to clinical research has incrementally improved outcomes. This approach has been in line with best practices set forth by European Standards of Care but has also gone beyond Society standards particularly pertaining to early treatment with high‐dose combination antimicrobial therapy. Despite a high prevalence of severe CF variants, lung function has been among the best in Europe. In this review, the Danish approach to management of CF prior to the introduction of new CF modulator treatment is explained and benchmarked. Downsides to the Danish approach are discussed and include increased burden of treatment, risk of antimicrobial resistance, side‐effects and costs.
Alternatives to conventional antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of commonly occurring diseases in feedlot cattle
Authors: Cusack PMV
Published: January 2024

Antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are a problem in human medicine. The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in feedlot cattle could have negative effects on their health and welfare and there is a theoretical possibility of transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria from food animals to humans. Alternatives to conventional antibiotics in feedlot health management could reduce the selective pressure for the development of antibiotic resistance. This review assesses the evidence supporting potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases in feedlot cattle, including nitric oxide, plant extracts, supplemental yeast or yeast products, bacterial probiotics, organic acids, bacteriophages and non‐specific immunostimulants. Further research is warranted with lactate utilising bacteria, the organic acid malate, bacteriophages and the non‐specific immunostimulants β‐1,3 glucan and those based on pox viruses. However, none of the alternatives to conventional antibiotics investigated in this review have sufficient supporting evidence to date to justify their use with feedlot cattle. Frequently, statistically weak results and studies without negative controls are cited as support for similar studies. The health and welfare of feedlot cattle are dependent on the use of products that have robust supporting data to ensure efficacy and to avoid adverse outcomes.
The mediating effect of institutional trust in the relationship between precarity and conspiracy beliefs: A conceptual replication of Adam‐Troian et al. (2023)
Authors: Adamus Magdalena , Ballová Mikušková Eva , Kačmár Pavol , Guzi Martin , Adamkovič Matuš , Chayinska Maria , Adam‐Troian Jais
Published: January 2024

The paper reports the results of registered conceptual replications of the indirect effect of institutional trust in the relationship between precarity and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs (CB). The original study of Adam‐Troian et al. (2023; British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(S1), 136‐159) indicated that subjective appraisals of economic hardship are associated with lower trust in governments and institutions, which in turn is associated with stronger endorsement of CB. Our Studies 1 to 3 report a series of replications using Slovak panel data. Study 4 reports a replication of the mediation model using data from the European Social Survey Round 10 collected in 17 countries. To provide a quantitative synthesis of these and previous results, we conducted mini meta‐analysis (N = 50,340). Although the strength of the observed relationships differed across the studies to some degree, the original patterns of relations remained robust, supporting the original model. The study corroborates the view that to curb the spread of CB, it is necessary to address structural issues, such as growing financial insecurity, socioeconomic inequalities, and the deficit of institutional trust. Finally, we discuss the role of cultural and political settings in conditioning the mechanisms through which precarity enhances the endorsement of CB.
Business risk management programs and the adoption of beneficial management practices in Canadian crop agriculture
Authors: De Laporte Aaron , Schuurman Daniel , Skolrud Tristan , Slade Peter , Weersink Alfons
Published: January 2024

Canada's agricultural business risk management (BRM) programs require significant public expenditure, with unclear consequences related to climate change adaptation and mitigation through the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs). This study examines the relationship between Canada's current suite of BRM programs and the adoption of practices that mitigate GHG emissions in crop agriculture. We review the impacts of agricultural insurance on climate adaptation and mitigation, identifying impacts on both the intensive and extensive margins of production. We consider five potential program modifications, including: (1) changes in producer insurance premiums in AgriInsurance for the adoption of practices that would decrease the actuarially fair insurance rate if they were properly incorporated in the calculation; (2) dedicated insurance products related to trials of specific BMPs; (3) adjustments to current programs to allow more whole‐farm considerations and intercropping; (4) cross‐compliance measures on AgriInvest tied to environmental education; and (5) reduced insurance coverage for unfavorable environmental practices. While the effects of these potential modifications remain uncertain, they will drive the data collection process necessary to ensure that Canada's BRM programs play an appropriate role in greenhouse‐gas reducing BMP adoption and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Efficacy of a benzothiazole‐based LRRK2 inhibitor in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and in a murine model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Benítez‐Fernández Rocío , Josa‐Prado Fernando , Sánchez Estefanía , Lao Yolanda , García‐Rubia Alfonso , Cumella José , Martínez Ana , Palomo Valle , de Castro Fernando
Published: January 2024

Aims

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that currently lacks effective curative treatments. There is a need to find effective therapies, especially to reverse the progressive demyelination and neuronal damage. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo mechanisms that enable spontaneously the partial repair of damaged lesions. The aim of this study was to discover small molecules with potential effects in demyelinating diseases, including (re)myelinating properties.

Methods

Recently, it has been shown how LRRK2 inhibition promotes oligodendrogliogenesis and therefore an efficient repair or myelin damaged lesions. Here we explored small molecules inhibiting LRRK2 as potential enhancers of primary OPCs proliferation and differentiation, and their potential impact on the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitys (EAE) mice, a validated model of the most frequent clinical form of MS, relapsing–remitting MS.

Results

One of the LRRK2 inhibitors presented in this study promoted the proliferation and differentiation of OPC primary cultures. When tested in the EAE murine model of MS, it exerted a statistically significant reduction of the clinical burden of the animals, and histological evidence revealed how the treated animals presented a reduced lesion area in the spinal cord.

Conclusions

For the first time, a small molecule with LRRK2 inhibition properties presented (re)myelinating properties in primary OPCs cultures and potentially in the in vivo murine model. This study provides an in vivo proof of concept for a LRRK2 inhibitor, confirming its potential for the treatment of MS.
Benchmarking fish biodiversity of seaports with eDNA and nearby marine reserves
Authors: Manel Stéphanie , Mathon Laetitia , Mouillot David , Bruno Morgane , Valentini Alice , Lecaillon Gilles , Gudefin Anais , Deter Julie , Boissery Pierre , Dalongeville Alicia
Published: January 2024

Coastal areas offer a diversity of habitats providing refugia and nursery for fish, promoting their biodiversity and associated contributions to people. Yet, natural coastlines are replaced by artificial infrastructures such as seaports and the influence of this artificialization on fish biodiversity remains poorly known. Here, we assessed fish biodiversity indicators using environmental DNA metabarcoding inside seaports and adjacent natural habitats including no‐take marine reserves. We found that species assemblages within seaports were primarily influenced by their area and habitat. We detected a similar species richness in seaports and reserves during lockdown, but seaports host more threatened species than natural habitats. Yet, species turnover between seaports was lower than between natural areas, reflecting biotic homogenization. Seaport managers should consider that complexifying artificial infrastructures could increase habitat diversity and coastal fish biodiversity. Our study illustrates that eDNA‐based indicators can be integrated in management and policy applications toward greener marine artificial infrastructures.
Combating the exotic pet trade: Effects of conservation messaging on attitudes, demands, and civic intentions
Authors: Naito Rumi , Chan Kai M. A. , Zhao Jiaying
Published: January 2024

The exotic pet trade poses a major threat to biodiversity conservation. To combat biodiversity loss, it is essential to reduce demand for exotic pets and engage people in civic actions for wildlife conservation. Although messaging has been extensively used in conservation practice, little is known about how it can influence attitudes and various types of actions pertaining to the exotic pet trade. This study examined the impact of conservation messaging in the context of exotic pet ownership and wildlife entertainment visitation as common practices of the exotic pet trade. We randomly assigned participants in the United States to one of five messaging conditions: biodiversity loss and animal abuse (M1), zoonotic disease risks (M2), illegality (M3), social disapproval (M4), and neutral biological information as a control condition (M5). We found that all conservation messages (M1–M4) significantly decreased people's favorable attitudes toward the exotic pet trade and their desire to visit wildlife entertainment. However, conservation messaging did not influence the desire for exotic pet ownership or intentions to take civic actions. Our findings highlight the potential of conservation messaging for attitude change and demand reduction for wildlife entertainment, but different approaches are necessary for promoting more effortful actions such as exotic pet ownership and civic actions.
Experiences of stigma and subsequent reduced access to health care among women who inject drugs
Authors: Brener Loren , Cama Elena , Broady Timothy , Harrod Mary Ellen , Holly Carol , Caruana Theresa , Beadman Kim , Treloar Carla
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Research into stigma and injecting drug use has typically involved predominantly male participants, with limited research about the unique experience of women who inject drugs.

Methods

This study used survey methods to assess reduced access to health care due to stigma among a sample of women who inject drugs. Women (n = 232) completed a survey as part of a broader national study of people who inject drugs.

Results

Only 46 (19.9%) women reported that they had not experienced any injecting drug use‐related stigma in the past year and most commonly noted ‘sometimes’ experiencing injecting‐related stigma (36.8%) with more than 75% of women reporting that health workers had treated them negatively because of their injecting drug use. Most women undertook strategies to prevent experiencing stigma, such as not disclosing drug use to a health worker (81.3%), not attending follow‐up appointments (76.7%) and delaying accessing health care (76.8%). Women with lower levels of personal wellbeing, who had experienced poorer treatment by health workers, had engaged in greater past month injecting, were employed and identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) reported more reduced access to health care.

Discussion and Conclusions

Stigma has concerning health care implications for women who inject drugs and this research highlights the importance of understanding the impact of stigma in impeding health care access. Public health interventions should focus on addressing the systemic factors that reduce health care access for women who inject and take account of the impact of stigma in diminishing the quality and accessibility of health care for this group.
Severe tricuspid regurgitation with chordae tendinae rupture in CABG surgery
Authors: Li Xuejie , Hou Jianglong
Published: January 2024

A 58‐year‐old male patient was admitted with chest pain and was diagnosed with coronary heart disease. He was scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intraoperative real‐time transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed that the tricuspid valves were well‐aligned and subtle regurgitation. Real‐time TEE after separation from CPB showed severe tricuspid regurgitation and prolapsed chordae tendineae. The tricuspid chordae tendineae rupture due to a right atrial venous return cannula. The use of negative pressure to improve venous drainage during CPB may result in the tricuspid valve being adsorbed to the cannula, increasing the likelihood of injury to the tricuspid valve.