bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Occupational Accidents in Korean, Chinese, Japanese and Western Cuisine Restaurants
Authors: Jeong Byung Yong , Shin Dong Seok
Published: November 2015

This study aims to provide an analysis of occupational accidents in commercial kitchens by restaurant type. In this research, 1,846 injured persons of restaurant kitchens accidents from 2009 to 2011 have been categorized by Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Western cuisine restaurants. Also, these data were analyzed in terms of properties of the workplace (size of employment), injured persons (gender, age of injured person, and work experience), and accidents (accident type and agency of accident). The results showed the following patterns by the restaurant types: (1) While accidents at Korean (72.2%), Chinese (80.8%), and Japanese (64.0%) cuisine restaurants occurred mostly in small kitchens with under 5 employees, Western cuisine kitchens of this size had an accident rate of only 39.1%; (2) 30–40% of injured persons had less than 1 year of experience in Korean, Japanese, and Western cooking, whereas in Chinese kitchens, less‐experienced cooks composed a larger portion of patients (56.2%); (3) each cuisine showed different leading types of injuries. Slips and falls for Korean kitchens (29.2%), caught in and between objects for Chinese restaurants kitchens (55.3%), and cuts/amputations/punctures in Japanese and Western restaurants (42.1% and 34.8%, respectively) were the biggest contributors to injuries in each type of restaurant. These findings of accident properties according to restaurant types can be used as baseline data for establishing systemized preventive policies.
In vivo measurements of limbic glutamate and GABA concentrations in epileptic patients during affective and cognitive tasks: A microdialysis study
Authors: Buchanan Robert J. , Gjini Klevest , Modur Pradeep , Meier Kevin T. , Nadasdy Zoltan , Robinson Jennifer L.
Published: November 2015

Limbic system structures such as the amygdala (AMG) and the hippocampus (HIPP) are involved in affective and cognitive processing. However, because of the limitations in noninvasive technology, absolute concentrations of the neurotransmitters underlying limbic system engagement are not known. Here, we report changes in the concentrations of the neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the HIPP and the AMG of patients with nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing surgery for intracranial subdural and depth electrode implantation. We utilized an in‐vivo microdialysis technique while subjects were engaged in cognitive tasks with or without emotional content. The performance of an emotion learning task (EmoLearn) was associated with a significant increase in the concentration of glutamate in the HIPP when images with high valence content were processed, as compared to its concentration while processing images with low valence. In addition, significantly decreased levels of glutamate were found in the AMG when images with predominantly low valence content were processed, as compared to its concentration at baseline. The processing of face stimuli with anger/fear content (FaceMatch task) was accompanied with significantly decreased concentrations of GABA in the AMG and HIPP compared to its levels at the baseline. The processing of shapes on the other hand was accompanied with a significantly decreased concentration of the glutamate in the AMG as well as in the HIPP compared to the baseline. Finally, the performance of a nondeclarative memory task (weather prediction task—WPT) was associated with relatively large and opposite changes in the GABA levels compared to the baseline in the AMG (decrease) and the HIPP (increase). These data are relevant for showing an involvement of the amygdala and the hippocampus in emotional processing and provide additional neurochemical clues towards a more refined model of the functional circuitry of the human limbic system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociable contributions of amygdala and hippocampus to emotion and memory in patients withAlzheimer's disease
Authors: Guzmán‐Vélez Edmarie , Warren David E. , Feinstein Justin S. , Bruss Joel , Tranel Daniel
Published: November 2015

The amygdala and the hippocampus are associated with emotional processing and declarative memory, respectively. Studies have shown that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage caused by anoxia/ischemia, and patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), can experience emotions for prolonged periods of time, even when they cannot remember what caused the emotion in the first place (Feinstein et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:7674‐7679; Guzmán‐Vélez et al. (2014) Cogn Behav Neurol 27:117‐129). This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the roles of the amygdala and hippocampus in the dissociation between feelings of emotion and declarative memory for emotion‐inducing events in patients with AD. Individuals with probable AD (N = 12) and age‐matched healthy comparisons participants (HCP;N = 12) completed a high‐resolution (0.44 × 0.44 × 0.80 mm) T2‐weighted structural MR scan of the medial temporal lobe. Each of these individuals also completed two separate emotion induction procedures (sadness and happiness) using film clips. We collected real‐time emotion ratings at baseline and multiple times postinduction, and administered a test of declarative memory shortly after each induction. Consistent with previous research, hippocampal volume was significantly smaller in patients with AD compared with HCP, and was positively correlated with memory for the film clips. Sustained feelings of emotion and amygdala volume did not significantly differ between patients with AD and HCP. Follow‐up analyses showed a significant negative correlation between amygdala volume and sustained sadness, and a significant positive correlation between amygdala volume and sustained happiness. Our findings suggest that the amygdala is important for regulating and sustaining an emotion independent of hippocampal function and declarative memory for the emotion‐inducing event. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Way to the Top: Career Patterns of Fortune 100 CEOS
Authors: Koch Michael , Forgues Bernard , Monties Vanessa
Published: November 2015

How have theCEOsof Fortune 100 companies worked their way to the top position? Are there several paths to the top, or have most present‐dayCEOsmoved up the ranks in a similar fashion? We examine the employment trajectories of all of the current Fortune 100CEOsacross their entire working careers to answer these questions. The analysis developed in this article is carried out in two steps. We first use sequence analysis to find the patterns that are characteristic of the career paths of theseCEOs. We then apply clustering techniques to identify distinct groups of career paths that have led individuals to the uppermost management level. Our results show that the careers of the Fortune 100CEOshave largely followed traditional career paths that are symbolized by steady progression toward more responsibility, little mobility between firms and industries, and a strong focus on general management functions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Executive Pay Matters: Looking Beyond the CEO to Explore Implications of Pay Disparity on Non‐CEO Executive Turnover and Firm Performance
Authors: Pissaris Seema , Heavey Angela , Golden Peggy
Published: November 2015

Using a longitudinal data set covering a span of 10 years, we investigate the impact of vertical and horizontal pay disparity on non‐CEO executive turnover and subsequent firm performance. Hypothesizing differential responses to pay disparity depending on a non‐CEO executive's responsibilities, we first categorize non‐CEO executives based on their job demands and their role in the organization (e.g., oversight, divisional). We then explore how pay disparity influences the relationship between executive category and turnover, and how the level of pay disparity impacts the relationship between turnover and firm performance. We find that executive category significantly impacts the likelihood of turnover, and also influences firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of trematode parasitism on the shell morphology of snails from flow and nonflow environments
Authors: Gustafson Kyle D. , Bolek Matthew G.
Published: November 2015

The primary function of the gastropod shell is protection. However, shells that function well in one environment may be maladaptive in another. Upon infection, the snail shell protects internal parasites and it is to the parasite's advantage to optimize, or not interfere with, shell functionality. However, parasites, particularly trematodes, are often pathogenic and it is not clear if parasitism will induce environment‐dependent or ‐independent changes to gastropod shells. We conducted a field study and a complementary laboratory experiment to examine the effects of trematode parasitism on shell characteristics (shape, size, and crush resistance) of Physa acuta snails in flow and nonflow environments using geometric morphometrics and crush assays. Field results indicate wetland (nonflow) snails had large, crush resistant shells with narrow apertures and tall spires. In contrast, stream (flow) snails had small, weak shells with wide apertures and short spires. Parasitism had no apparent effect on the crush resistance of wetland snails but significantly reduced the crush resistance of stream snails. Parasitism had no significant effect on overall shell shape in stream or wetland snails. Similar to the results of our field study, nonflow tank snails had significantly more crush resistant shells than flow tank snails. Additionally, the shapes of flow and nonflow tank snails significantly differed where nonflow tank snails resembled wetland snails and flow tank snails resembled stream snails. For laboratory snails, parasitism reduced crush resistance regardless of flow/nonflow treatment. Our results demonstrate that habitat and/or flow treatment was the primary factor affecting P. acuta shell morphology and that trematode parasitism played a secondary role. J. Morphol. 277:316–325, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of tibial subchondral bone: Texture analysis outperforms conventional trabecular microarchitecture analysis
Authors: MacKay James W. , Murray Philip J. , Low Samantha B. L. , Kasmai Bahman , Johnson Glyn , Donell Simon T. , Toms Andoni P.
Published: November 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to compare two different methods of quantitative assessment of tibial subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA): statistical texture analysis (sTA) and trabecular microarchitecture analysis (tMA).

Methods

Asymptomatic controls aged 20–30 (n = 10), patients aged 40–50 with chronic knee pain but without established OA (n = 10) and patients aged 55–85 with advanced OA scheduled for knee replacement (n = 10) underwent knee MR imaging at 3 Tesla with a three‐dimensional gradient echo sequence to allow sTA and tMA. tMA and sTA features were calculated using region of interest creation in the medial (MT) and lateral (LT) tibial subchondral bone. Features were compared between groups using one‐way analysis of variance. The two most discriminating tMA and sTA features were used to construct exploratory discriminant functions to assess the ability of the two methods to classify participants.

Results

No tMA features were significantly different between groups at either MT or LT. 17/20 and 11/20 sTA features were significantly different between groups at the MT/LT, respectively (P < 0.001). Discriminant functions created using tMA features classified 12/30 participants correctly (40% accuracy; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22–58%) based on MT data and 9/30 correctly (30%,; 95% CI, 14–46) based on LT data. Discriminant functions using sTA features classified 16/30 participants correctly (53%; 95% CI, 35–71) based on MT data and 14/30 correctly (47%; 95% CI, 29–65) based on LT data.

Conclusion

sTA features showed more significant differences between the three study groups and improved classification accuracy compared with tMA features. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1159–1170.
Utility of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps obtained using 3.0T MRI for distinguishing uterine carcinosarcoma from endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Masahiro , Kozawa Eito , Tanisaka Megumi , Hasegawa Kousei , Yasuda Masanori , Sakai Fumikazu
Published: November 2015

Purpose

We explored the role of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for discriminating uterine carcinosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated findings in 13 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma and 50 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging (b = 0, 500, 1000 s/mm2) at 3T with acquisition of corresponding ADC maps. We derived histogram data from regions of interest drawn on all slices of the ADC maps in which tumor was visualized, excluding areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the tumor. We used the Mann–Whitney test to evaluate the capacity of histogram parameters (mean ADC value, 5th to 95th percentiles, skewness, kurtosis) to discriminate uterine carcinosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma and analyzed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the optimum threshold value for each parameter and its corresponding sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Carcinosarcomas demonstrated significantly higher mean vales of ADC, 95th, 90th, 75th, 50th, 25th percentiles and kurtosis than endometrial carcinomas (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis of the 75th percentile yielded the best area under the ROC curve (AUC; 0.904), sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 78.0%, with a cutoff value of 1.034 × 10‐3 mm2/s.

Conclusion

Histogram analysis of ADC maps might be helpful for discriminating uterine carcinosarcomas and endometrial carcinomas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1301–1307.
Natural history and treatment trends in hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes: Insights from a national cancer registry
Authors: Jernigan Peter L. , Wima Koffi , Hanseman Dennis J. , Hoehn Richard S. , Ahmad Syed A. , Shah Shimul A. , Abbott Daniel E.
Published: November 2015

Background

Histopathologic advancements have identified several rare subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinical significance of these distinctions is incompletely understood. Our aim was to investigate pathologic and treatment differences between HCC variants.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Cancer Data Base (1998–2011) was queried to identify 784 patients with surgical management of six rare HCC subtypes: fibrolamellar (FL, n = 206), scirrhous (SC, n = 29), spindle cell (SP, n = 20), clear cell (CC, n = 169), mixed type (M, n = 291), and trabecular (T, n = 69). We examined associations between demographic, tumor and treatment‐specific variables, and overall survival (OS).

Results

Patients with FL‐HCC were younger than other variants (median age 27 vs. 54–61, P < 0.001), more commonly female (56.3%, P < 0.001), and less likely to receive a transplant (3.66%, P < 0.001). Patients with FL‐ and Sp‐HCC presented more frequently with larger tumors (>5 cm, P < 0.001) and node‐positive disease (P < 0.001). Better OS was associated with lower pathologic stage, node‐negative disease, FL‐HCC, and liver transplant. Adjuvant therapy (11% of patients) was not associated with better OS.

Conclusions

This largest series of recognized HCC variants demonstrates distinct differences in presentation, treatment, and prognosis. These findings can provide a valuable reference for clinicians and patients who encounter these rare clinical entities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:872–876. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of a mobile tower‐based robot—The initial Xi robot experience in surgical oncology
Authors: Yuh Bertram , Yu Xian , Raytis John , Lew Michael , Fong Yuman , Lau Clayton
Published: November 2015

Background and Objectives

The da Vinci Xi platform provides expanded movement of the arms relative to the base, theoretically allowing increased versatility in complex multi‐field or multi‐quadrant surgery. We describe the initial Xi experience in oncologic surgery at a tertiary cancer center.

Methods

One hundred thirty unique robot‐assisted procedures were performed using the Xi between 2014 and 2015, 112 of which were oncology surgeries. For procedures involving multiple quadrants, the robot was re‐targeted. Complications were assessed according to Martin criteria and the Clavien–Dindo classification up to 90 days after operation.

Results

Thirteen different operations were performed in five oncology subspecialties (urology, gynecology, thoracic, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal surgery). Median operative times ranged from 183 min for nephroureterectomy to 543 min for esophagogastrectomy. Median estimated blood loss did not exceed 200 ml for any of the categorized procedures . No patients were transfused intraoperatively and no positioning injuries occurred. Conversions to open operation occurred in three cases (2.7%), though not related to complications or technical considerations. Overall complication rate was 26% with major complication rate of 4%. Readmissions were necessary in 11 (10%) patients.

Conclusions

The da Vinci Xi can be safely assimilated into a surgical oncology program. The Xi offers versatility to various oncologic procedures with satisfactory complication and readmission rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:5–7. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A note on infinitary continuous logic
Authors: Baratella Stefano
Published: November 2015

We show how to extend the Continuous Propositional Logic by means of an infinitary rule in order to achieve a Strong Completeness Theorem. Eventually we investigate how to recover a weak version of the Deduction Theorem.
Radical Chain Polymerization Catalyzed by Graphene Oxide and Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Zhu Zhongcheng , Shi Shengjie , Wang Huiliang
Published: November 2015

Graphene oxide (GO) is effective in catalyzing a wide variety of organic reactions and a few types of polymerization reactions. No radical chain polymerizations catalyzed by GO have been reported. In this article, we probe the catalytic role and acceleration effect of GO for self‐initiated radical chain polymerizations of acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of GO and a pre‐existing polymer, poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), from a calorimetric perspective. Gelation experiments and DSC studies show that GO can function as a catalyst to accelerate the radical chain polymerization of AA. Isothermal polymerization kinetic data shows that the addition of GO diminishes the induction periods and increases the polymerization rates, as indicated by the much enhanced overall kinetic rate constants and lowered activation energies. The catalytic effect of GO for the polymerization of AA is attributed to the acidity of GO and the hydrogen bonding interactions between GO and monomer molecules and/or polymers.

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Study of Dielectric Properties of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Ferrite Upto Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Parashar Jyoti , Saxena V.K. , Bhatnagar D. , Sharma K.B.
Published: November 2015

The dielectric properties of cobalt ferrite, prepared by sol‐gel auto combustion technique, were studied from low frequencies to microwave frequencies. The single phase cubic spinel structure has been confirmed by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The dielectric properties of the sample were studied in the low frequency range from 100 Hz to 120 MHz as well as in the high frequency range from 3.95 GHz to 5.85 GHz at room temperature. The dielectric dispersion observed at lower frequency region is due to Maxwell–Wagner two layer model, which is in agreement with Koops phenomenological theory. There is a strong co‐relation between the conduction mechanism and the dielectric behaviour of ferrites. The dielectric constant remains almost constant at microwave frequencies due to the fact that it is contributed by atomic and electronic polarization. The dielectric loss tangent shows two dielectric loss peaks at about 4.332 GHz and 4.525 GHz frequencies.
Dielectric Behaviour of Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 Spinel Ferrite
Authors: Parashar Jyoti , Saxena V. K. , Sharma Jyoti , Bhatnagar Deepak , Sharma K. B.
Published: November 2015

Dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (ϵ′) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for Cu substituted Ni‐Zn ferrite having formula Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 prepared by sol–gel auto combustion method. T he variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and A. C. conductivity with frequency are measured in the frequency range 1000 Hz to 120 MHz at room temperature. the real part of dielectric constant decreases with the increase in frequency where as the A. C. conductivity (σac) increases with increase in frequency. The relation of tan δ with frequency shows resonance peak. Dielectric constant as a function of temperature is studied at different temperatures ranging from 353 K to 583 K.
VEGF Cancer Biomarker Protein Detection in Real Human Serum Using Capacitive Label‐Free Aptasensor
Authors: Qureshi Anjum , Roci Irena , Gurbuz Yasar , Niazi Javed H.
Published: November 2015

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a signalling protein known as a serum biomarker for a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a label‐free, rapid and sensitive method for detecting VEGF in its native forms in human serum. In this work, we have demonstrated the proof‐of‐concept of a sensitive label‐free biosensor based on capacitance changes induced by capturing of VEGF in human serum using anti‐VEGF aptamers functionalized on interdigitated (IDE) capacitor arrays (aptasensors). Limit of detection of VEGF protein using this aptasensor was in the range 0.5–2 ng/mL in dilute human serum. The label‐free capacitive aptasensing strategy provides a simple, reliable and effective means of biosensing serum VEGF levels for early cancer diagnosis.
Comparative Study of Fe‐Doped ZnO Nanowire Bundle and Their Thin Film for NO2 and CH4 Gas Sensing
Authors: Vyas Rishi , Sharma Sarla , Khan Shabana , Divakar R. , Sachdev K. , Sharma S. K.
Published: November 2015

The free standing Fe‐doped ZnO nanowire bundle is synthesized by employing a typical vapor phase transport method in single step from Fe+Zn powder in O2+Ar flow. Fe‐doped ZnO nanowires are characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) suggesting formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with 7 at% Fe in ZnO with typical nanowire diameter in the range of 20 nm–70 nm. These nanowire bundles are ultrasonicated and processed into thin film using spin coating technique. Both of the Fe‐ doped ZnO nanowire bundle and thin films are tested for their NO2 and CH4 (20–100 ppm) sensing properties. The thin film exhibited higher operating temperature (300°C) and response time (45 sec) as compared to nanowire bundle (150°C and 15 sec).
Investigations on Multilayered TCO as Transparent Electrode in Organic Devices
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Meena Pooja , Salim Amena , Vyas Rishi , Sachdev K.
Published: November 2015

A sandwiched structure with a metal layer embedded between two metal oxide layers was fabricated on glass substrate to be used as transparent electrode in organic devices. The oxide layers of ZnO were dip coated with a thickness of about 60 nm each while the metal inter layer was sputter coated with a thickness of about 5 nm at room temperature. The deposited films were annealed at 200°C for 2 hrs to remove all additives. Such structures have been found to be suitable for applications in organic solar cell and OLED. The samples have been characterized using XRD, SEM and EDAX. Optical properties were measured by UV‐VIS and AFM was used to measure the roughness. The XRD pattern indicates the nearly amorphous structure of the thin film. The size of the aggregates as given by FESEM ranges from 30–50 nm and EDAX confirms the presence of elements of the three layers. The roughness as calculated using AFM is about 2.40 nm. UV‐VIS spectroscopy showed a high transparency of over 87% in the visible region for the sandwich structure making it suitable for TCO applications.
Dynamics of Loop Formation in Active Chains
Authors: Sarkar Debarati , Brahmanandan Abhishekamole , Thakur Snigdha
Published: November 2015

We have developed a model of chemically active polymers and investigated the role of activity in loop formation. The active chain contains catalytic and non‐catalytic sites responsible for ring closure. A chemical reaction at the catalytic bead produces a self‐generated concentration gradient and the non‐catalytic bead responds to this gradients which causes these two beads to move towards each other hence forming the loop. Because of this chemotactic response the dynamics of these active polymers are very different from the inactive chain. In particular we show that the loop formation is much more rapid in active chains in comparison to the inactive chains, which rely primarily on diffusion to bring distant portions of the chain in close proximity. Here we will also investigate the effect of macromolecuar crowder particles in loop formation time of such active polymers. The mechanism presented in this paper can be extended to other chemical systems which rely on diffussion to bring reagents into contact for reactions to occur.
Preparation of Polymeric Membranes and Microcapsules Using an Ionic Liquid as Morphology Control Additive
Authors: Lakshmi D. Shanthana , Cundari Teresa , Furia Emilia , Tagarelli Antonio , Fiorani Giulia , Carraro Mauro , Figoli Alberto
Published: November 2015

Hydrophilic porous polyethersulfone (PES) membranes and microcapsules were prepared via Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) with the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) as structure control agent, added to the conventionally employed PVPK17 pore former. The introduction of [BMIM][PF6] affects the phase inversion mechanism, resulting in different morphologies of the materials. Optimal conditions for the preparation of membranes (ILMs) were: 10–15 wt.% PES, 0–4 wt.% PVPK17, 5–25 wt.% [BMIM][PF6], while slightly different conditions were applied for the preparation of microcapsules (ILMCs): 10% wt.% PES, 0–4% wt.% PVPK17, and 5–15 wt.% [BMIM][PF6]. Thus, the produced porous spongy microcapsules (average diameter ∼800 μm) and flat sheet ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) were characterized by electronic microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis. [BMIM][PF6] concentration is a key factor for controlling the internal membrane morphology. Indeed, higher concentrations of [BMIM][PF6] additive increases the viscosity of casting solution and reduces solvent exchange speed, thereby altering the membrane morphology from a channelled structures (finger‐like) to a spongy type.
Structural and Morphological Study of PS‐TiO2 Nanocomposite Membranes
Authors: Kumari Yogita , Jangir Lokesh Kumar , Kumar Anil , Kumar Manoj , Swami K. C. , Awasthi Kamlendra
Published: November 2015

Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol‐gel method. The phase formation and size of NPs were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and average diameter of nanoparticles found to be (17 ± 2) nm. Further, TiO2‐ Polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite thin films were prepared by solution casting method with varied content of TiO2 nanoparticles in PS matrix. The structural and morphological properties of TiO2‐PS nanocomposites were investigated by (XRD) and optical microscopy, respectively. The results revealed that the inhomogeneous dispersion of NPs in PS matrix with varying concentration of NPs and could be tuned by controlling concentration and size of TiO2 NPs.
Experimental and theoretical directional dependence of optical polar phonons in the LiNbO3 single crystal: New and complete assignment of the normal mode frequencies
Authors: Maïmounatou B. , Mohamadou B. , Erasmus R.
Published: November 2015

In this work, the analysis of both experimental and theoretical angular dispersion of the Raman frequencies of the optical polar phonons in LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal has been determined with the emphasis of the determination without ambiguity of a new and complete set of the normal mode assignments that clarify long‐standing debates. The coherency of such couple assignments is assessed by the computed oscillator strengths that are revealed to be in satisfactory agreement with others on the one hand and by the comparison with the oblique frequencies measured from the compilation of the Raman spectra acquired under different geometrical configurations in the 90° scheme on the other hand. Finally, the directional behavior of the quasinormal vectors has been established and discussed with regard to the symmetry mixing of modes or the mode with oblique polarization.
Social and Rational: The Presentation of Nature of Science and the Uptake of Change in Evolution Textbooks
Authors: FUSELIER LINDA C. , JACKSON J. KASI , STOIKO RACHEL
Published: November 2015

The nature of science (NOS) as described by education scholars is a critical component of scientific literacy and includes both rational and social aspects taught best in an explicit and reflective manner. NOS is frequently tied to a critical contextual empiricism (CCE) framework for knowledge production. Central to CCE is that objectivity is attained only with an integration of the rational and social within a diverse community of scholars that is open to criticism. The field of sexual selection theory is ripe with opportunities to present NOS in an explicit and reflective context that promotes the understanding of knowledge production as simultaneously social and rational. We examined the presentation of sexual selection theory in college evolutionary biology textbooks to evaluate the extent to which textbooks demonstrate uptake of change in the field and use socially driven critique to present science as both social and rational. All of the textbooks incorporated new research in the field and some provided context about how and why the field has changed but not to the degree warranted by the rich literature available. We provide recommendations for the integration of NOS and social embeddedness of science, and posit that a portrayal of science as both social and rational has the potential to promote more inclusive science teaching and a more accurate representation of science.
Adaptive Requirements Prioritization (ARP): Improving Decisions between Conflicting Requirements
Authors: Salado Alejandro , Nilchiani Roshanak
Published: November 2015

Prioritization of requirements is a core activity of requirements engineering. Conventionally used to resolve conflicting requirements, it can be performed on a wide variety of attributes, reflecting, for example, stakeholder value, value to business, cost, connectivity, or risk. Its benefit in decision making is unquestionable, yet existing techniques are ineffective for realistic sets of requirements and consequently their adoption by practitioners is scarce, particularly in the fields of hardware‐intensive systems. The present research proposes an Adaptive Requirements Prioritization (ARP) method that improves decision making between conflicting requirements due to its principles of multidimensionality and objective‐base (the right criteria are used for any particular decision), and its usability due its principles of openness (it can be tailored according to specific project needs) and structure (requirements are grouped in subsets so that existing techniques become effective). The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation for a variety of priority dimensions and priority levels.
Distributed mobility management in named data networking
Authors: Yan Zhiwei , Zeadally Sherali , Zhang Siran , Guo Ruowei , Park Yong‐Jin
Published: November 2015

The information‐centric networking concept was proposed to fulfill the scalability and efficiency requirements of the content‐centric Internet in the future. Among the multiple information‐centric networking proposals, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the most important representatives. NDN uses a hierarchical name to identify the data after which the on‐path cache can be deployed to improve the efficiency of data retrieval. However, with the development of mobile Internet, how to extend NDN in the mobile environment to enable efficient and scalable mobility management remains a challenge. We propose a distributed mobility management scheme for both the mobile receiver and the mobile publisher in NDN. Our proposed approach is based on the basic NDN naming and routing principles to select the branching node of the previous and new access locations of the mobile terminal after which the on‐path routing states are dynamically adjusted accordingly. Then we propose a novel analytical model to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme inherits the scalability and efficiency of NDN in the mobile Internet. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family Complexity, Siblings, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior at School Entry
Authors: Fomby Paula , Goode Joshua A. , Mollborn Stefanie
Published: November 2015

As family structure in the United States has become increasingly dynamic and complex, children have become more likely to reside with step- or half-siblings through a variety of pathways. When these pathways are accounted for, more than one in six U.S. children live with a step- or half-sibling at age 4. We use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N ~ 6,550) to assess the independent and joint influences of residing with a single parent or stepparent and with step- or half-siblings on children’s aggressive behavior at school entry. The influences of parents’ union status and complex sibship status on aggressive behavior are independent. Family resources partially explain the association between residing with an unpartnered mother and aggressive behavior regardless of sibship status. However, the resource hypothesis does not explain the association of complex sibship with aggressive behavior.
Ukraine's revolution of dignity: The dynamics of Euromaidan
Authors: Shveda Yuriy , Park Joung Ho
Published: November 2015

This paper analyzes the civil revolution in Ukraine, which is also known as the Euromaidan Revolution. It is regarded as the Revolution of Dignity by Ukrainian citizens. In this respect, this paper focuses on a clarification of the dynamics of the Ukrainian civil revolution. The authors will try to trace the essential causes, processes, and historical implications of the Euromaidan Revolution. In addition, we plan to assess the nature of civil revolution. This study not only was based on the primary sources in Ukrainian language but also was described from the perspective of the participants of the revolution.
Surgery is associated with ventricular enlargement as well as cognitive and functional decline
Authors: Schenning Katie J. , Murchison Charles F. , Mattek Nora C. , Silbert Lisa C. , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Quinn Joseph F.
Published: November 2015

Introduction

In preclinical studies, surgery/anesthesia contribute to cognitive decline and enhance neuropathologic changes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the link between surgery, anesthesia, apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4), and AD remains unclear.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of two prospective longitudinal aging studies. Mixed‐effects statistical models were used to assess the relationship between surgical/anesthetic exposure, the APOE genotype, and rate of change in measures of cognition, function, and brain volumes.

Results

The surgical group (n = 182) experienced a more rapid rate of deterioration compared with the nonsurgical group (n = 345) in several cognitive, functional, and brain magnetic resonance imaging measures. Furthermore, there was a significant synergistic effect of anesthesia/surgery exposure and presence of the APOE ε4 allele in the decline of multiple cognitive and functional measures.

Discussion

These data provide insight into the role of surgical exposure as a risk factor for cognitive and functional decline in older adults.
Initial experience and treatment of atrial fibrillation using a novel irrigated multielectrode catheter: Results from a prospective two‐center study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Entem Felipe , Expósito Víctor , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , González‐Enríquez Susana , Fernández‐López Xesús Alberte , García‐Seara Javier , Martínez‐Sande José Luis , Olalla Juan José
Published: November 2015

Background

PV electrical isolation has become the cornerstone of catheter ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Several strategies have been proposed to achieve this goal. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of AF ablation using a new circular irrigated multielectrode ablation catheter designed to achieve single‐delivery pulmonary vein (PV) isolation.

Methods

Thirty‐five patients with drug refractory paroxysmal AF and normal ejection fraction from two centers were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent PV isolation with an nMARQ circular irrigated multielectrode ablation catheter guided by an electroanatomic mapping system. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to exclude PV stenosis.

Results

PV isolation was achieved in 138 of 140 (98.57%) targeted veins. The mean procedure time was 79.5 min (SD 39.3 min). During a mean follow up of 16.8±2.8 months, 27 of 35 (77.2%) patients were free of AF. No PV narrowing was observed. One case of pericardial effusion due to perforation of the left atrial free wall during catheter manipulation did occur.

Conclusions

PV isolation with a circular irrigated multielectrode ablation catheter is a feasible technique with a high acute success rate. The majority of patients remained asymptomatic during the midterm follow‐up period. PV stenosis was not detected. While only a single serious adverse event occurred, this technique's safety profile should be tested in larger studies.
Characterization of the novel mutant A78T‐HERG from a long QT syndrome type 2 patient: Instability of the mutant protein and stabilization by heat shock factor 1
Authors: Kondo Takehito , Hisatome Ichiro , Yoshimura Shouichi , Mahati Endang , Notsu Tomomi , Li Peili , Iitsuka Kazuhiko , Kato Masaru , Ogura Kazuyoshi , Miake Junichiro , Aiba Takeshi , Shimizu Wataru , Kurata Yasutaka , Sakata Shinji , Nakasone Naoe , Ninomiya Haruaki , Nakai Akira , Higaki Katsumi , Kawata Yasushi , Shirayoshi Yasuaki , Yoshida Akio , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: November 2015

Background

The human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (HERG) encodes the α‐subunit of rapidly activating delayed‐rectifier potassium channels. Mutations in this gene cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). In most cases, mutations reduce the stability of the channel protein, which can be restored by heat shock (HS).

Methods

We identified the novel mutant A78T‐HERG in a patient with LQT2. The purpose of the current study was to characterize this mutant protein and test whether HS and heat shock factors (HSFs) could stabilize the mutant protein. A78T‐HERG and wild‐type HERG (WT‐HERG) were expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and whole‐cell patch clamping.

Results

When expressed in HEK293 cells, WT‐HERG gave rise to immature and mature forms of the protein at 135 and 155 kDa, respectively. A78T‐HERG gave rise only to the immature form, which was heavily ubiquitinated. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased the expression of immature A78T‐HERG and increased both the immature and mature forms of WT‐HERG. WT‐HERG, but not A78T‐HERG, was expressed on the plasma membrane. In whole‐cell patch clamping experiments, depolarizing pulses evoked E4031‐sensitive HERG channel currents in cells transfected with WT‐HERG, but not in cells transfected with A78T‐HERG. The A78V mutant, but not A78G mutant, remained in the immature form similarly to A78T. Maturation of the A78T‐HERG protein was facilitated by HS, expression of HSF‐1, or exposure to geranyl geranyl acetone.

Conclusions

A78T‐HERG was characterized by protein instability and reduced expression on the plasma membrane. The stability of the mutant was partially restored by HSF‐1, indicating that HSF‐1 is a target for the treatment for LQT2 caused by the A78T mutation in HERG.
Mycobacterium chelonae Wrist Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Ka-Ki Tarn , Wai-Yin Mak , Tak-Chuen Wong
Published: November 2015

We report a 48-year-old Chinese immunocompetent female who presented with right wrist pain and swelling for 9 months because of Mycobacterium chelonae infection of her right wrist. M. chelonae infection has been increasingly reported. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing such an infection, however, this occasionally occurs in immunocompetent patients. M. chelonae infection more commonly causes cutaneous or soft tissue infection; however, in our case, we found that the infection was so severe that the infective tenosynovial tissue from the volar side of the wrist had eroded through both the volar and dorsal cortex of the distal radius. To our knowledge, wrist tenosynovitis with osteomyelitis of the distal radius caused by M. chelonae is rarely reported, especially in an immunocompetent nontraumatic individual. We successfully treated this patient by repeated surgical debridement using different approaches, appropriate antibiotics, as well as application of antibiotic-loaded cement to fill the bone defect.
ΔNp63α induces quiescence and downregulates the BRCA1 pathway in estrogen receptor‐positive luminal breast cancer cell line MCF7 but not in other breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Morita-Fujimura Yuiko , Tawarayama Hiroshi , Semba Kentaro , Chiba Natsuko , Fukumoto Manabu , Ikawa Shuntaro
Published: November 2015

Despite apparent resection of tumors, breast cancer patients often suffer relapse due to remnant dormant tumor cells. Although quiescence of cancer stem cells is thought as one of the mechanisms regulating dormancy, the mechanism underlying quiescence is unclear. Since ΔNp63α, an isoform of p51/p63, is crucial in the maintenance of stem cells within mammary epithelium, we investigated its roles in the regulation of dormancy in normal and malignant breast cells. Inducible expression of ΔNp63α in MCF7 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) luminal breast cancer cells led to quiescence and acquisition of progenitor‐like properties. Judging from mRNA‐microRNA microarray analysis, activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and inhibition of Wnt signaling emerged as prominent mechanisms underlying ΔNp63α‐dependent induction of quiescence and acquisition of stemness in MCF7. More interestingly, through Ingenuity Pathway analysis, we found for the first time that BRCA1 pathway was the most significantly downregulated pathway by ΔNp63α expression in quiescent MCF7 cells, where miR‐205 was a downstream mediator. Furthermore, ΔNp63α‐expressing MCF7 cells exhibited resistance to paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Expression of ΔNp63α in normal MCF10A basal cells increased proliferation and stemness, but did not affect more aggressive luminal (T47D) and basal (MDA‐MB‐231) cells with p53 mutation. Gene expression datasets analyses suggested that ΔNp63 expression is associated with relapse‐free survival of luminal A/B‐type patients, but not of the other subtypes. Our results established a cell type‐specific function of ΔNp63α in induction of quiescence and downregulation of the BRCA1 pathway which suggested a role of ΔNp63α in the dormancy of luminal breast cancers.
Dead on Time: Valerius Maximus 9.13 and Stoicism
Authors: Lawrence S.J.
Published: November 2015

Valerius Maximus’ collection ofexemplahas received attention from modern scholars as a window into the morality of the early imperial period at Rome: for example, the recent work of Rebecca Langlands has drawn out the ethical complexities of the text. Little has been said, however, about the possible formal philosophical context of Valerius’ work since the suggestion of Franz Römer in 1990 that theFacta et Dicta Memorabiliawas deliberately structured to represent the Stoic cardinal virtues. This paper argues that there is a place for further study of the language and ideology of Stoicism in theFacta et Dicta Memorabilia. To illustrate this point, chapter 9.13:De Cupiditate Vitaeand its accompanying series of threeexemplaunder the titleQuam Exquisita Custodia Vsi Sint Quibus Suspecti Domestici Fueruntare examined in detail. It is argued that Valerius’ selection and framing of hisexemplaare in close sympathy with Stoic ideas of rational death, the passions, and the importance of self-control.
The Invisible Problem: The Incidence of Olfactory Impairment following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Drummond Melanie , Douglas Jacinta , Olver John
Published: November 2015

Background and aims: As many as 50–60% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to rehabilitation facilities may have olfactory impairment (OI). These incidence estimates are derived from studies conducted internationally and there is no comparable data available in the Australian context. The primary aim of this study was to identify the incidence of OI following TBI in a consecutive sample of adults admitted to the Epworth Hospital Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program in Victoria, Australia. A secondary aim was to investigate whether age, duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and presence of facial fractures made a significant contribution to the prediction of severity of OI.

Method: The sample comprised 134 adults (mean age 39.09 years, SD 18.36), the majority of whom had sustained moderate to severe injury (PTA mean 21.57 days, SD 18.78). OI was measured using the Pocket Smell Test (PST) and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

Results: Seventy-three participants (54.48%) demonstrated OI on the PST whereas 89 (66.42%) demonstrated OI on the UPSIT. Age, PTA duration, and presence of facial fractures predicted 10.3% of the variance in severity of OI.

Conclusion: A substantial proportion of adults admitted for rehabilitation following TBI has OI. Accurate assessment and appropriate management of post-traumatic OI must be incorporated into rehabilitation programs.
Interactions between bilingual effects and language impairment: Exploring grammatical markers in Spanish-speaking bilingual children
Authors: CASTILLA-EARLS ANNY P. , RESTREPO MARÍA ADELAIDA , PÉREZ-LEROUX ANA TERESA , GRAY SHELLEY , HOLMES PAUL , GAIL DANIEL , CHEN ZIQIANG
Published: November 2015

This study examines the interaction between language impairment and different levels of bilingual proficiency. Specifically, we explore the potential of articles and direct object pronouns as clinical markers of primary language impairment (PLI) in bilingual Spanish-speaking children. The study compared children with PLI and typically developing (TD) children matched on age, English language proficiency, and mother's education level. Two types of bilinguals were targeted: Spanish-dominant children with intermediate English proficiency (asymmetrical bilinguals), and near-balanced bilinguals. We measured children's accuracy in the use of direct object pronouns and articles with an elicited language task. Results from this preliminary study suggest language proficiency affects the patterns of use of direct object pronouns and articles. Across language proficiency groups, we find marked differences between TD and PLI, in the use of both direct object pronouns and articles. However, the magnitude of the difference diminishes in balanced bilinguals. Articles appear more stable in these bilinguals and, therefore, seem to have a greater potential to discriminate between TD bilinguals from those with PLI. Future studies using discriminant analyses are needed to assess the clinical impact of these findings.