bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectos psicológicos y su incidencia en el desempeño educativo. Caso Universidad Técnica de Machala
Authors: Villanueva-Cevallos Víctor
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presento estudio es determinar aquellos factores de tipo psicológicos que indicen sobre el aprendizaje universitario, limitando el desempeño académico en las aulas de clase, se seleccionó una investigación de tipo transversal, con el uso de una metodología de carácter cuantitativo-descriptivo, se estructuraron preguntas referente a la información de tipo primaria proporcionada por el consultorio clínico de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, con base en eso se adoptó el instrumento del cuestionario con un modelo de escala de tipo Likert, para la recolección de los datos referente al estudio, con un muestreo por conveniencia, se aplicó las encuestas a 368 estudiantes que componen las distintas facultades de la institución, con los datos se efectuó un análisis general de los hallazgos investigativos. Entre los cuales los principales factores que radican sobre la conducta académica del alumnado son aspectos de tipo económico, familiar y el bullying, llegando a incidir de manera gravitante sobre el rendimiento académico, limitando el acceso a un aprendizaje integral.
Exploring compositional meanings in the picturebook with a two-father family Me, Daddy & Dad (2017)
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: September 2021

This paper offers a multimodal analysis of the main characteristics of the compositional metafunction in the picturebook with a two-father family Me, Daddy & Dad (2017). The purpose of the analysis is to observe how textual meanings are created. The main tools of the grammar of visual design applied to picturebooks will be used for the analysis, following the model proposed by Painter et al. (2013). The main ideas of the said grammar will be illustrated with a description of images from the picturebook to deconstruct the relationship between the written text and the visual, the types of written and visual themes, the layout, the framing, and the focus. The analysis shows that both fathers take care of the child and do things at home, such as cooking. Consequently, two-father families are promoted and presented in an egalitarian way. However, the analysis shows that there are not open expressions of affection between the characters because, although the two fathers, Daddy and Dad, appear sometimes together, there is hardly any contact between them or between them and the child.
Aquisição da escrita argumentativa: a ressignificação do discurso do outro pela ilusão da argumentação
Authors: Ferrari Luísa , Lopes-Damasio Lúcia Regiane
Published: September 2021

Neste trabalho, buscamos pistas da circulação de sujeitos do segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental pelo imaginário sobre a (sua) escrita em uma tradição discursiva de natureza argumentativa. Para tanto, elegemos os mecanismos de junção como lugar privilegiado de análise, à luz de uma orientação teórico-metodológica que assume a constituição heterogênea da escrita, concebe tais mecanismos como aspectos sintomáticos de tradições discursivas, entendidas como matéria e produto da linguagem, e como rastros da movimentação do sujeito na textualização. Os resultados revelam, a partir de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa: (i) a regularidade de uma estratégia argumentativa singular nos textos investigados, pautada na antecipação e refutação de argumentos do outro, a partir de sua incorporação e ressignificação via encadeamentos argumentativos causais e contrastivos, que indiciam a ilusão da argumentação; e (ii) a pertinência da consideração das tradições discursivas para a observação relacionada à complexidade crescente de aspectos semânticos das técnicas juntivas em espaços de junção que marcam, concomitantemente, o particular e o geral da singularidade histórica.
Relación entre el perfil directivo femenino, la orientación al mercado y el rendimiento de la organización. Validación de un instrumento de medición
Authors: Orlandini-González Ingrid Eliana
Published: September 2021

El perfil directivo con enfoque de género ha sido estudiado tomando en cuenta las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres, analizando las competencias y habilidades o desde un enfoque de orientación emprendedora; sin embargo escasos estudios han profundizado en la explicación de constructos que condicionan el perfil directivo femenino como son el capital humano y el capital social; menos aún se explica la relación de este perfil con variables como la orientación al mercado y el desempeño organizacional. Por ello el objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar y validar un instrumento de medición que explique la relación entre estas tres variables. Con este fin se usaron métodos cuantitativos a través de un estudio no experimental, se aplicó una encuesta de escala Likert con 41 reactivos a 190 mujeres gerentes y/o propietarias de la industria hotelera en las ciudades de Sucre y Potosí en el sur de Bolivia; los datos fueron procesados a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y un análisis de fiabilidad en software SPSS versión 22. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la validez teórica y empírica del instrumento; así se obtuvo un instrumento adecuado para obtener información sobre las tres variables y se validó la relación entre el perfil directivo femenino, la orientación al mercado y el desempeño organizacional.
ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ПОПРАВКАМ В КОНСТИТУЦИЮ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Deyneko Aleksei Gennadyevich
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируются вступившие в силу в 2020 году поправки к ст. 71 Конституции Российской Федерации, в той части, в которой они затрагивают информационные правоотношения. Особое внимание уделяется введению в текст Основного Закона новых информационно- правовых терминов, таких как «информационные технологии» и «цифровые данные». Исследуются возможные пути имплементации этих поправок в российское информационное законодательство, а также их концептуальное влияние на развитие российского информационного права. Наряду с общенаучными методами познания (анализ и синтез), использовались специальные методы познания (метод юридического толкования и метод нормативного поиска), проблемно ориентированный подход и методы познания из других областей научного знания (в частности, филологии и информатики). Констатировано сохраняющееся противоречие между текстом основного Закона и рамочным законом об информации, следствием чего является необходимость корректировки тезауруса последнего. Отмечена принципиальная важность конституционной новеллы об обеспечении безопасности личности, общества и государства при применении информационных технологий, обороте цифровых данных. Данная новелла становится отправной точкой для реализации в российском законодательстве концепции цифрового суверенитета личности, дальнейшего укрепления гарантий соблюдения конституционных прав и свобод личности в киберпространстве. Намеченные в статье пути развития информационного законодательства требуют обстоятельной научной дискуссии с привлечением специалистов в сфере информационных технологий и информационной безопасности. Предложенные изменения в информационном законодательстве в дальнейшем могут послужить основой для разработки кодифицированного акта в сфере информационного законодательства.
АГВЕРАНСКАЯ ИНИЦИАТИВА ПРАВУ НАРОДОВ ЗНАТЬ — ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ СОДЕЙСТВИЕ И КОНТРОЛЬ ЗА РЕАЛИЗАЦИЕЙ
Authors: Monakhov Victor Nikolaevich
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрываются понятие, социальная роль и значение одного из самых значимых прав формирующегося глобального информационного общества XXI века — право знать. Анализируется ряд проблем, возникающих в ходе развития этико-правового обеспечения и защиты этого права. Обосновывается вывод о необходимости наращивать усилия по поиску отвечающих реалиям глобального информационного общества институциональных форм международной инфраструктуры гражданского, общественного контроля за реализацией права знать. В том числе — разрешения возникающих в мировом информационном пространстве информационных споров и иных дел, в связи и по поводу права знать. Предлагаются к обсуждению конкретные форматы такогорода институциализации.
БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН
Authors: Dairbekov Ruslan Toktonalievich
Published: September 2021

В Казахстане набирает обороты инициатива по внедрению технологий биометрической идентификации граждан. Для обеспечения безопасности, упрощения и развития цифровых услуг, в том числе государственных, социальных и коммерческих, предполагается построить модель удаленной идентификации, в том числе основанной на различных биометрических показателях. В рамках реализации государственной программы «Цифровой Казахстан» предполагается внедрение цифрового идентификационного механизма, который по замыслу законодателя станет основополагающей инфраструктурой, которая позволит построить универсальную цифровую среду для взаимодействия и коммуникаций между финансовыми институтами, клиентами, государственными органами и организациями, что позволит качественно повысить уровень и эффективность оказания финансовых, государственных и других услуг. Модель предполагает идентификацию клиентов с использованием базы данных государственных и коммерческих компаний. Биометрические системы призваны обеспечить распознавание человека с использованием его биологических и физиологических характеристик, таких, например, как отпечатки пальцев, радужная оболочка глаза, лицо, ДНК и т. д. Само по себе планируемое построение модели удаленной идентификации, в том числе основанной на различных биометрических показателях в Казахстане можно только приветствовать. Это тем более важно в период построения универсальной цифровой среды для предсказуемости и правовой определённости этого процесса. Тем не менее, для того, чтобы в полной мере реализовать потенциал биометрических технологий, государству необходимо решать вопросы, связанные с защитой лиц, идентифицируемых такими системами, добиваясь, чтобы сбор, хранение и использование биометрических данных велись в соответствии с международными стандартами в области прав человека, в том числе права на неприкосновенность частной жизни.
ЗАЩИТА ПЕРСОНАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНТЕРНЕТ- КОМПАНИЙ: МЕЖДУНАРОДНО- ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ VS САМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ
Authors: Gontar Lyudmila Olegovna
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируются вопросы международного правового регулирования защиты персональных данных в условиях развития интернет- компаний (цифровых платформ). Активно популяризируются следующие виды проблем, связанных с защитой персональных данных: проблема массовой утечки персональных данных, их последующее использование; использование пробелов в терминологическом толковании понятия «персональныеданные» для последующего изъятия данных и использования в собственных целях и т. д. Цифровые платформы (интернет- компании) набирают широкую известность и имеют собственные документы в сфере регулирования.Кроме того, проблема заключается не только в обеспечении баланса между международно- правовым регулированием и саморегулированием международных организаций. Проблема в большей степени связана с новыми концепциями «обезличивания данных», в должной мере не доработанных, но используемых в законодательных инициативах большинства государств. Мы подробно рассмотрим некоторые правовые нормы регламента GDPRкак мегарегулятора данных на уровне ЕС. В статье внимание читателя будет обращено на множество международных документов, в которых затронуты не только базовые вопросы обработки и использования персональных данных, но и новые концепции в сфере данных, с точки зрения сформировавшейся дисциплины «науки о данных». Такими документами являются, например руководства ОЭСР, МСЭ. Это объясняется тем, что данные международные организации предпринимают попытки исследовать не только механизмы правового регулирования, но и сущность объекта правового регулирования (данные, персональные данные). Междисциплинарный подход в сфере защиты персональных данных является важным элементом, который необходим для формирования качественной международно- правовой базы.
FALSE INFORMATION ABOUT COVID IN AMERICAN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Maggs Peter
Published: September 2021

The existence of a great amount of Covid-related false information on social networks has created serious problems in the fi ght against the disease. Because of Constitutional limits on its powers, the government is unable to police this information. After a long period of inaction, social networks began to take serious steps to remove this false information. However, there is a political split in the country over the amount of content control that should be exercised by semi-monopolistic organizations such as Facebook and Twitter.
«СЕРЫЕ ЗОНЫ» НА СТЫКЕ ИНСТИТУТОВ АВТОРСКОГО ПРАВА, ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ И ТОВАРНЫХ ЗНАКОВ
Authors: Arievich Evgeniy Anatolyevich
Published: September 2021

В статье анализируется проблема законодательного регулирования отдельных результатов интеллектуальной деятельности и средств индивидуализации и даются предложения по внесению измененийв Гражданский кодекс РФ.
ТЕСНЫЕ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ АВТОРСКИМИ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫМИ ПРАВАМИ В СФЕРЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ: ДВИЖЕНИЕ В СТОРОНУ НОВОГО ПРАВОВОГО ДУАЛИЗМА
Authors: Mammadrzali Shahin S.
Published: September 2021

В современном глобальном информационном обществе многие права человека сталкиваются с новыми технологическими проблемами. Одно из отрицательных последствий новых технологий — это противоречие между информационными правами и авторскими правами. Можно считать, что aвторские права — это одно из прав, имеющих информационный характер, связанное с распространением новой информации. Авторские права носят гражданский и информационный характер. В век новых технологий необходимо учитывать оба аспекта авторских прав.
THE SOIL QUALITY MONITORING WITH USING OF THE GEOINFORMATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Fedchenko O.P. , Kuharuk A.E. , Lytvynenko N.I.
Published: September 2021

The soil mapping is very important for the effective implementation of sustainable land management. In recent decades, the methods of mapping soil data have become much more, which improves the quality of the maps produced. Despite these improvements, field data on the ground remain the best source of information verified over the centuries and useful for soil mapping and sustainable land management. “Local” data and experience should be an important aspect of soil mapping, as farmers are one of the main end users of the maps produced, and therefore cartographic data should be relevant to the realities and needs of farmers.

An important problem for Ukraine is the actualization of the quality of land. Information on the quality of Ukraine's land fund is currently out of date. The process of monitoring the state of lands should be modernized and automated, and the means to implement this process is the introduction of geoinformation monitoring methods.

Currently, the main purpose of work on the analysis and display of data on the quality of soils is the modernization of research methods, as well as the display of results in a new format - using GIS.

Geoinformatics is a promising scientific field that is developing rapidly. In the coming years, all areas of geographical knowledge will develop under the strong influence of geographic information technologies, computer processing of spatial information, and the use of global telecommunications networks will expand.

The use of geographic information systems in agriculture makes it possible to apply new opportunities for managing agriculture and its main resource - land. The main advantage is the ability to share a database that contains certain data needed for land management, and is constantly updated and updated. GIS-technologies are also used to develop and analyze a large number of design solutions, creating recommendation and management maps in the agricultural sector.
INFORMATION SECURITY OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Gorodianska L.V. , Tsiukalo L.V.
Published: September 2021

The article defines and analyzes the characteristic features of modern society digitalization, in particular the digital economy. It is noted that progress in the digital technology environment requires the application of information security measures, primarily in the financial and economic activities of small businesses. The interpretation of the definitions «information security» and «economic security» has been clarified. Attention is drawn to a conscious understanding of the interaction between people and technology during the digital transformation of the economy in such a way that the latest technologies must adapt to people, and not vice versa. It is emphasized that such an understanding can come only in the process of training and acquiring appropriate professional competencies, especially among small businesses. The types of small businesses information that are subject to protection and components of economic security are determined. Proposals have been formed for the creation of a comprehensive security program, which should include an action plan aimed at protecting the functioning of the enterprise's information system from external and internal influences, and a set of measures designed to protect the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data from internal and external, malicious and accidental threats. Information security of small businesses in the context of digitalization should be based on the following positions: the management of the enterprise should regularly train all employees in the principles of Information Security, data protection and protect physical data carriers from cyber attacks; the corporate network should be segmented, and access to it – controlled; partnership with service providers from the point of view of information security should be equivalent; remote access to the corporate network of the enterprise, which is now becoming more widespread, should be as secure as possible and comply with information security standards.

A promising area of further research is the development of a set of measures at the state level, which includes streamlining the simplified tax system, promoting the development of innovative entrepreneurship, cluster organization of small businesses, the formation of a modern information infrastructure to support entrepreneurship, the formation of a favorable business climate.
THE WELL-POSEDNESS OF MIXED PROBLEM FOR ONE CLASS OF DEGENERATE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS
Authors: Aldashev S. A.
Published: September 2021

Oscillations of elastic membranes in 3D are modelled as degenerate multi-dimensional hyperbolic equations. For applied work, it is important to obtain explicit representations of solution of the studied boundary-value problems. This paper shows the unique solvability and obtains the explicit form of the classical solution of the mixed problem for degenerate multi-dimensional hyperbolic equations.
RECURRENT REPRESENTATION FOR NON-STATIONARY PARAMETER ESTIMATE OF LEAST SQUARES METHOD WITH LEAST DEVIATIONS FROM "ATTRACTION" POINTS FOR BILINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Slabospitsky Alexander
Published: September 2021

The estimation problem of non-stationary parameter matrices is considered for bilinear discrete dynamic system in the case when for these unknown parameter matrices their ‘attraction’ points are known at any moment. Explicit and recurrent forms of representation are obtained for these parameter estimates of the least squares method with variable forgetting factor and least deviation norm from ‘attraction’ points under non-classical assumptions. The recurrent algorithm is also proposed for corresponding weighted residual sum of squares.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL RICHARDS-KLUTE EQUATION
Authors: Tymoshenko Andrii
Published: September 2021

This article demonstrates an approach to optimal control of humidity using point sources for the two-dimensional problem. The mathematical model is based on Richards-Klute equation. The desired humidity state at the last moment is set and the solution should reach it from the known initial state by optimal source power. The moisture is assumed incompressible, the temperature and external pressure are constant.
Hepatitis B and C during pregnancy
Authors: Kaptilnyy Vitaliy A. , Reyshtat Diana Yu. , Berishvili Manana V. , Zholobova Mariya N.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about pregnancy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and current methods to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Maternal infection with HBV or HCV is associated with complicated pregnancy and childbirth outcomes, including MTCT. In countries, including the United States, which introduced postpartum HBV vaccination and immunization with hepatitis B immunoglobulin, MTCT overall decreased to about 5%. However, with maternal HBV levels greater than 200,000 IU/ml, the transmission rate of HBV to neonates is almost 30%. For these patients, there are new recommendations from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), which indicate that, in addition to vaccination of newborns and their immunization, treatment with antiviral drugs such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or telbivudine, used during pregnancy, starting from 32 weeks is necessary, that are safe and effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission. Unlike HBV, no therapy is yet available or recommended to further reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HCV infection, which remains by 310%. MTCT of HCV can be minimized by avoiding obstetrics and birth trauma if possible. Young women with HCV should be sent for treatment after delivery, and newborns should be closely monitored to rule out infection. Newer, better tolerated HCV regimens have become more available and should reduce the number of women and babies infected.
Investigation of the 1966 earthquake series in northern China using the method of joint epicenter determination
Authors: Cardwell Richard K. , Isacks Bryan L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A series of destructive earthquakes occurred in northern China during March 1966 in an area with no previous instrumentally located seismicity. The tectonics of this intraplate region are poorly understood. Examination of LANDSAT-1 imagery revealed evidence of recent surface faulting in this and other nearby regions of northern China. The method of “Joint Epicenter Determination” (JED) was used to relocate the epicenters of the earthquakes. The best relocations were obtained with the JED method using a station-corrected calibration event. These locations, along with published fault-plane solutions, historical earthquake records, and LANDSAT-1 imagery are in very good agreement with the published field investigations that reported the earthquakes to have occurred along a large right-lateral strike-slip fault zone. The sense of motion on this strike-slip feature appears to be related to an extensional stress system oriented NNW-SSE in the region of the Shansi graben and the North China Plain.
A geophysical wire strainmeter
Authors: King Geoffrey , Bilham Roger
Published: September 2021

abstract

A self-zeroing geophysical strainmeter design is described which has been used extensively by Cambridge University in the past 4 years. The performance of the buried 10-m instrument is adequate to study geophysical signals in the Earth at periods from 1 sec to DC and with magnitudes from 10-10 to more than 10-5 strain. Low current consumption enables the instrument to operate remotely from batteries for up to 1 year. Better than 0.1 per cent linearity allows its use in the study of nonlinear geophysical signals, and relative calibration to 0.2 per cent allows clusters of instruments to be used in arrays. The absolute calibration of such an array is 2 per cent.
Preschool Education in Madagascar: State of Play and Challenge to Development in the 21st Century
Authors: Djistera Andrianasy Angelo
Published: September 2021

The 21st-century society is characterized by the increased importance given to the acquisition and use of knowledge. This article examines the education of young children in Madagascar, a country where a significant portion of the population has never attended preschool. It strives to present an overview of the early childhood sector and its relationship to development. The increase in the number of pupils enrolled in preschool activity centers is a testament to the growing interest in preschool education. However, not all children have access to the same educational services. Inequalities start in early childhood. They can act as a brake on future growth by preventing the full development of individual potential. Strengthening the early childhood sector will contribute to the training of actors working for the long-term development of Madagascar.
Stereotypical Features of the “Model” Pole and the “Model” Ukrainian in the Sphere of Values of Contemporary Youth in Poland
Authors: Fyłypec Olga
Published: September 2021

The article describes an attempt to reconstruct the contemporary youth stereotype of the “model” Pole and the “model” Ukrainian which is based on experimental data. The surveys were conducted among students of the following universities: the University of Wroclaw, the University of Silesia, the University of Rzeszow and the University of Lodz. Aspects in the light of which Polish student youth perceive themselves and Ukrainians have been disclosed: communication-mental, political, cultural, everyday life, physical and geographical. The results of the study show the values, which in the axiosphere of contemporary Polish youth, are common to both nationalities: tolerance, honor, courage, honesty, helpfulness, resourcefulness, patriotism, pride of origin, diligence, hospitality, family, education, etc. Differences in the perception of Poles and Ukrainians refer to the cultural and political dimensions. For example, Polish students want to see Ukrainian students as people who are more familiar with Polish culture and a Pole as a more conscious citizen of his own country. Therefore, the study indicates differences in perceptions due to the geographical location of the heterostereotype of native speakers.
An Analysis of the Scope Variations in Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Perspectives of Indonesian State Universities
Authors: Juanda Ahmad , Setyawan Setu , Irawan Dwi , Inata Lia Candra
Published: September 2021

Research aims: This study aims to examine and analyze the differences in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities.Design/Methodology/Approach: The data comprises all state universities listed in 4ICU (4 International Colleges University) in 2020. To analyze the data, the researchers used content analysis and the independent sample t-test. This study used three indicators (location, number of applicants, and number of study programs) to analyze the differences in intellectual capital disclosure between state universities in Indonesia.Research findings: The study results show scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure based on location and number of applicants. However, based on the number of study programs, no variation was found.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities, especially regarding the indicators such as study programs and locations, is a rare topic of study. It is compelling and requires further study.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study is potentially relevant to academicians, researchers, and stakeholders. By analyzing the scope variation in intellectual capital disclosure between Indonesian state universities using three indicators, this study provides insight on the importance of delivering information about universities to the public to improve credibility and attract more applicants.
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome: clinical response and outcome
Authors: Banu Jesmine , Ishrat Shakeela , Deeba Farzana , Alamgir Chowdhury Faisal , Darmoni Maliha , Begum Nurjahan , Anawary Shaheen Ara
Published: September 2021

Background: Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is an alternative method for ovulation induction in clomiphene citrate (CC) resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients instead of gonadotropins. Objective were to identify the changes in clinical and biochemical profiles and the ovulation and pregnancy rate following LOD in CC resistant PCOS patients.Methods: It was an interventional study infertility unit, department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Dhaka, between from July 2014 to June 2015. Changes of the above-mentioned parameters were recorded during follow up of patients after LOD. The information is collected and recorded in the preset questionnaire.Results: The characteristics of study population were same before LOD and following LOD. Before LOD, infrequent menstruation was present in 83.3% patients whereas regular menstruation was found in 58.3% patients after 6 months following LOD. Endometrial thickness ≤8 was found in 100.0% in before LOD and endometrial thickness >8 was found in 70.0% after 6 month following LOD. Ovulation was found in 25.0% in after 3-month LOD and was found in 70.0% after 6 months following LOD. Pregnancy was found in 20.0% after 3 months following LOD and 50.0% in after 6 months following LOD. Ovulation and pregnancy outcome was significantly higher in after 6 months following LOD.Conclusions: LOD produces long-term improvement in menstrual regularity and reproductive performance. A sustained improvement observed in acne and BMI. Ovulation and pregnancy were found in 70% and 50.0% respectively after 6 months following LOD.
Comparative study of cervical-vaginal microbial flora changes in women using Cu-T380A contraceptive device and LNG-IUS in Ibadan: a two-centre clinical COHORT study
Authors: Oranye Benjamin C. , Adekunle Adeyemi O. , Arowojolu Ayo O. , Makanjuola Olufunmilola , Tayo Babatunde
Published: September 2021

Background: Intrauterine devices cause various changes in the female genital tract which might result in altered microbial flora and risk of genital infections. The aim of this study was to determine the change in bacterial flora of women using Copper-bearing T380A and levonorgestrel intrauterine system and the risk of genital infections.Methods: This was a two-center clinical cohort study of women using Cu-T380A IUD and LNG-IUS in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was conducted from March to August, 2016 and it involved 130 women (66 Cu-T380A and 64 LNG-IUS) at 2 family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. The clients were clinically assessed before admission into the study and high vaginal and endocervical swabs were taken before insertion of the devices, and at 3 and 6months after insertion.Results: Fifty-seven clients with LNG and 63 with copper T380A completed the study. The mean age in LNG-IUS was 34.4years (SD= 6.3) and Cu-T380A was 35.4 years (SD=5.6). All participants had one sexual partner. There was no previous or current STIs/PID at recruitment. The organisms isolated included coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Candida spp, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Klebsiella spp. Cu-T380A women had an increase or persistence of CNS, Staphylococci, Klebsiella and Candida at 3 months while in the LNG-IUS group only CNS increased. The HVS revealed that participants with Cu-T380A had higher risks (33.3%) for asymptomatic genital infections than the LNG-IUS (5.3%) group at 6 months (p value <0.001).Conclusions: Cu-T380A has a higher likelihood of altering the microbial flora in the cervix and vagina and therefore encouraging the growth of a variety of other organisms compared to LNG-IUS.
Failed tubectomy procedures: a retrospective study
Authors: Jadhav Balaji J. , Gomare Mangala , Chandanshive Vaishali
Published: September 2021

Background: It is difficult to understand the nature of factors leading to failure of sterilization from single institute. Knowing the factors, we can take preventive measures. Those data were of women who filed claims under Family Planning Indemnity Scheme, 2013 (revised 2016). The scheme was not reached at grassroots; therefore, not enough women got the benefit of this scheme. We gave the list of documents as well, which help medical fraternity working in rural area.Methods: Retrospective study of 32 women of failed tubal ligation over a period of four years (from 2016 to 2019). The variables under consideration of study were, parity and age at the time of tubectomy. Time and method of tubectomy. Interval between tubectomy and subsequent pregnancy. Outcome of subsequent pregnancy and further contraceptive acceptance. Descriptive statistics used for frequency analysis.Results: Median age of women was 26 years during tubal sterilization. Seventy two percent women were accepted sterilization on two children. Sixty nine percent of tubal sterilization were performed in puerperium; concurrent with caesarean section and medical termination of pregnancy, while 31% were during interval period. Thirty four percent of women became pregnant within 24 months(2years) of sterilization and cumulative 75% within 60 months (5 years) after sterilization. Sixty nine percent of women had intrauterine pregnancies and 31% ectopic pregnancies. Fifty six percent women accepted medical termination of pregnancy and 53% chosen repeat tubal sterilization. Four women (12%) gave live births. Two of them accepted repeat sterilization and another two intrauterine contraceptive devices. Thirty one percent women had ectopic pregnancy; nine of them came as ruptured ectopic, therefore, exploratory laparotomy with bilateral total salpingectomy were to be performed.Conclusions: Failed tubal sterilization is common when it was performed at younger age and in puerperium. Missed period after sterilization should have high index of suspicion of ectopic pregnancy, which leads to severe maternal morbidity.
A comparative study between total laparoscopic hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy for benign uterine pathologies at tertiary care institute, Udaipur
Authors: Goyal Shatendra Kumar , Chauhan Madhubala , Kanwat Babita , Mehra Dinesh
Published: September 2021

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in gynaecological surgery. The most common indication is benign uterine disease. As the time is passing trend is towards those approaches which are minimally invasive, less painful, have less complications, less blood loss and are more cosmetic. Thus, total laparoscopic hysterectomy has gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to compare the 2 different routes of hysterectomy.Methods: In this prospective randomized observational study patients undergoing both the types of hysterectomy, that is, TAH (total abdominal hysterectomy) and TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy) during 2 year period at Rajkiya Pannadhay Mahila Chikitsalaya RNT medical college Udaipur were included in the study. 50 women (25 in each group) aged between 31-72 years were included into the study.Results: We observed that duration of surgery was found to be longer in TLH than TAH (112.56±19.45 min versus 57.9±19.26 min, P<0.001 (HS)). The length of hospital stay was less in TLH than TLH (p=0.0001) and the amount of intra-operative blood loss were also less in TLH than TAH (163.60±44.15 versus 313.20±123.48 ml, p<0.001). TLH group had early ambulation compared to TAH group (2.24±0.44 day versus 3.12 ±0.33 day, p<0.001), difference on the basis of length of hospital stay was highly significant which was shorter in TLH than TAH (4.40±1.15 versus 10.32±8.19 days, respectively; p<0.001). In current study patient satisfaction level was found highly significant between TLH and TAH (100% versus 56%, p<0.001).Conclusions: TLH is a safe and effective method of doing hysterectomy. The present study concluded that TLH is associated with less hospital stay, less blood loss, less use of analgesics, early ambulation, early start of oral feed, and better patient satisfaction.
Correlation of placental thickness with birth weight in singleton pregnancies
Authors: Bedi Mini , Sharma Hitika , Sandhu Parvinder Singh , Minhas Anshula
Published: September 2021

Background: The placenta provides the physiologic link between a pregnant woman and the fetus. During pregnancy, the normal placenta increases its thickness at a rate of approximately 1 millimeter per week. The thickness is considered normal throughout the 2nd and 3rd trimester if between 2 and 4 cm. There is a need to identify the fetus failing to reach its growth potential because an early detection of intrauterine growth retardation will be beneficial to obstetric and neonatal care.Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 251 antenatal women from 24-39 weeks gestation were included in the study. After informed written consent, relevant history, examination, abdominal ultrasound was performed noting fetal biometry and placental thickness. The participants were followed until delivery and birth weight noted. Statistical analysis of birth weight (< and >2500 gm) with placental thickness was done.Results: Mean age of the study was 25.88±4.34 years. The mean placental thickness in group A was 3.33±0.92 cm and in group B was 3.38±0.68 cm. Placental thickness showed a positive correlation with fetal weight (r=0.013), however it was not statistically significant. Uncomplicated pregnancy group had mean placental thickness of 3.40±0.70 cm. The difference of mean for placental thickness was statistically significant with respect to medical disorders (p=0.042).Conclusions: Placental thickness does increase with increasing birth weight of the fetus and hence, subnormal or more than normal placental thickness is helpful in signalling important maternal conditions that may be detrimental to the fetus.
Incidence and pattern of infections in pregnant women with bad obstetric history
Authors: Goud N. Swetha , Reddy M. Manasa , Desai Savitha
Published: September 2021

Background: Adverse outcomes have been seen in pregnant women who had prior bad obstetric history along with infection with TORCH [toxoplasma, other infections (syphilis, varicella zoster, hepatitis B), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex]complex and bacterial vaginosis. These infections are known to affect the health of the fetus. Objective was to study incidence and pattern of infections in pregnant women with bad obstetric history.Methods: A total of 190 patients with bad obstetric history fulfilling the methodology criteria were evaluated. Serological and molecular evaluations were carried out for TORCH complex and bacterial vaginosis was detected by both gram stain and gold standard clinical Amsel criteria and outcomes were followed.Results: Out of 190 pregnant women with bad obstetric history, a total of 36 (18.8%) were detected to have infections causing bad obstetric history. Toxoplasma was positive in 7 (20%) of the cases, 3 (51.92%) of them had abortions. Rubella in 12 (32%) of the cases, 7 (60%) cases had sensorineural deafness. Cytomegalovirus in 1 (2%) of the cases, 1 (100%) of the case had microcephaly. Herpes in 8 (22%) cases, 6 (71.1%) cases had abortions. Bacterial vaginosis in 8 (22%) of the cases, 4 (48.6%) cases had preterm delivery. The presence of infections with TORCH complex and bacterial vaginosis was related to adverse pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: Women with bad obstetric history are prone to infections during pregnancy and have been found out to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence pregnant women should be screened so that early diagnosis and treatment of infections can be done to have better pregnancy outcomes.
Acceptance of birth spacing methods and it’s determinants among postnatal women in a tertiary care setting from Kerala
Authors: Nair Revathy P. , Nambisan Bindu , Brahmanandan Mayadevi
Published: September 2021

Background: According to VISION FP2020 healthy birth spacing is defined as delaying the first birth by two years and maintaining the birth interval of at least three years between the two children with the help of various contraceptives.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted among primiparous postnatal women in the department of obstetrics and gynecology SAT hospital, Trivandrum for one year duration. 134 women who had their first delivery were included in this study. A semi structured questionnaire was used to study the sociodemographic variables, reproductive history, contraceptive knowledge, attitude towards contraception and intention to use birth spacing methods by interview technique.Results: The acceptance of birth spacing methods among the study population was 56.8%. 59.1% opted to use family planning methods 6 weeks after delivery while 40.9% planned to use after 6 months. Determinants which were significantly associated with acceptance of family planning methods were education of wife (p<0.01), husbands’ education, socioeconomic status, religion and contraceptive awareness (p<0.01). 47.1% of women preferred DMPA injections, 39.1% opted for intrauterine devices. 13.8% of women opted for condom. Convenience, long term protection, and ease of use were the important reasons cited. The reasons for non-acceptance included fear of side effects, spouse not staying together, opposition from husbands, lack of awareness and religious restrictions.Conclusions: Female literacy, accessibility, cafeteria approach, and counselling contributed to acceptance. If the availability and awareness of injectable contraceptives is made at all the points of health delivery system, the acceptance of birth spacing can further be increased and unplanned pregnancies avoided.
Exploring caesarean delivery in the second stage of labour at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Jadav Pravinkumar A. , Dabhi Palak M. , Rathod Dhruti A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) performed in the second stage of labour has many implications for maternal and neonatal morbidity as well as for subsequent pregnancies. The objectives of this study were to determine the rates of CS at full dilatation, their indications, associated maternal and neonatal complications.Methods: This retrospective study assessed all the women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation at term (≥37 weeks) who underwent CS in the second stage of labor between 1 August 2019 and 31 March 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Maternal demographics, labour and delivery details as well as neonatal outcomes were collected.Results: During the study period, 2124 (36%) babies were born by CS. Of these, 49 (2.3%) were performed in the second stage of labour at ≥37 weeks of gestation. The most common indication of CS was non-descent of head in 38 (77.55%) of cases. The majority of women 38 (77.55%) delivered by CS in the second stage of labor were primiparous. The 27 (55.10%) women were in the age group of 20-25 years. Most common intraoperative complication was blood-stained urine in 20 (40.81%) women. Overall transfusion rate was 18.36%. Maximum number of babies born 44 (89.79%) were having birth weight between 2.5-3.5 kg. Out of 65 babies born, 17 (34.69%) were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit.Conclusions: Formulation of an institutional protocol and training and supervision of trainees to improve the skill of operative vaginal delivery and second stage cesarean is needed.
Compassionate use of remdesivir in pregnancy: a case series
Authors: Shah Jui R. , Parikh Khushali P. , Suthar Aayushi A. , Shah Sushma R. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. One special population that poses a challenge is pregnant women with COVID-19. However, there is limited data on treatment options for severe coronavirus disease in pregnancy. Remdesivir, an antiviral drug, is currently being studied as a potential treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Nevertheless, pregnant women are also being excluded from various clinical trials for the disease. There are some studies mentioned in the literature which have shown no adverse effects of remdesivir during pregnancy. In this study, we present four serial cases of COVID-19 in pregnant women with moderate to severe symptoms who were treated with remdesivir. All of the them showed positive fetal outcome without any birth defects or malformations. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the biosafety and effects of remdesivir in pregnant women.
Analysis and forecast of road traffic accident in Saudi Arabia from 1990 until 2018
Authors: Abouammoh Nada A. , AlRuwais Norah A. , Abouammoh Noura A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an epidemic problem in Saudi Arabia, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This paper investigates the increasing number of RTAs and their related injuries and mortalities in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study was performed on the population of Saudi Arabia using secondary data from the general authority for statistics from 1990 to 2018. Correlation among the variables (RTAs, injuries, mortalities, and population) was conducted using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and forecasts of their trends over the next ten years using linear regression was discussed.Results: Eastern, Makkah and Riyadh regions were the top three regions in the number of RTAs accounting for 69% of the total RTAs in Saudi Arabia. All regions have had a pattern of RTA rise from 1990 till 2014 that dropped in the last 4 years. Riyadh had the highest injury rate per 10,000 RTA, although it had the lowest RTA rate per 100,000 population in the period from 2010-2014. Mortality rate in Riyadh doubled between the years 2014 and 2018 while Makkah accounted for the highest RTA-related mortality rates. The correlation between RTAs and mortalities were the highest in the country (r=0.92). In 2030, the average annual increase in the rate of RTAs, related injuries, and related mortalities will be 3%, 2% and 2.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Decision makers in Saudi traffic and transportation department should continue monitoring accidents prevention strategies and their effect. Reasons behind high injury and mortality rates, despite the decrease in the rate of RTAs, should be investigated.
Factors associated with iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women aged 15-45 years attending Naroosura health centre, Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Kotonto Asenath S. , Wakoli Albert B.
Published: September 2021

Background: Iron and folic acid are very important nutrients to mothers during pregnancy. Their deficiencies are risk factors for anaemia, preterm delivery and low birth weight. This study aimed to investigate the supplementation of iron and folic acid and the associated factors among pregnant women attending Naroosura health centre, Narok County, Kenya.Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Data collection took a period of one month where a total of 123 mothers participated. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi-square test was conducted to find associations at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Of the study participants, nearly a third (31.7%) took iron and folic acid supplements daily, over a half (57.7%) indicated that taking iron and folic acid supplements was important to them, about a quarter (24.4%) reported that use of iron and folic acid supplements reduces birth defects and about a third (32%) consumed foods rich in iron and folic acid. Supplementation of iron and folic acid was significantly associated with residence (ꭓ2=4.311, df=1, p=0.038), monthly household income (ꭓ2=10.870, df=4, p=0.028), reduced birth defects (χ2=6.131, df=1, p=0.013) and consumption of iron and folic acid rich foods (χ2=4.163, df=1, p=0.041).Conclusions: The intake as well as supplementation of iron and folic acid is still low. Therefore, both the intake and supplementation of iron and folic acid need to be scaled up.