bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A poesia especular de Orides Fontela: por um lirismo objetivo
Authors: Alves Nathaly Felipe Ferreira
Published: July 2023

Orides Fontela’s poetry, when establishing intertwined relationships between the subject and the real, asks for a conception of lyricism that brings together, in an exemplary manner, an apparent opposition between emotion (usually linked to lyrical poetry) and matter (commonly related to objectivity). A kind of “tacit conflict”, found in a system of differences, objective lyricism would allow for such axes to engage in a constant game of forces, in which the notion of lyrical subjectivity is reformulated by a movement that throws it out, to an out-of-itself position, thus displacing it from its inwardness, leading it to discover the world as alterity and to becoming an Other to itself.
Enterrem meu coração no Ramelau e outros poemas de Jorge Lauten do Timor-Leste
Authors: Gandolfi Leonardo
Published: July 2023

Presentation of the ten published poems of Jorge Lauten, author of East Timor whose biography is so far unknown.
O coração-espaço: aspectos do lirismo em 'As flores do mal'
Authors: Collot Michel , Pedrosa Celia , Alves Ida
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the Baudelairean heritage in its relationship with romanticism and modernity. This is carreid out through the notion of lyricism, which is dissociated from the idealism, with which it is frequently confused.
BK Virus Infection and Its Management in Renal Transplantation: An Update
Authors: Chakrabarti Uttayan , Chaturvedy Manish , Bajpai Nitin Kumar , Goswami Jitendra , Garsa Rajesh Kumar , Jhorawat Rajesh
Published: July 2023

BK virus (BKV) is a common opportunistic pathogen in kidney transplant recipients and one of the most challenging causes of allograft dysfunction and loss. Although over-immunosuppression remains the primary risk factor for BKV infection after transplantation, male gender, older recipient age, prior rejection episodes, degree of human leukocyte antigen mismatching, prolonged cold ischemia time, BK virus serostatus and ureteral stent placement have all been implicated as risk factors. Routine screening post-renal transplant is important to prevent allograft loss in patients with BK viruria or viremia. Reduction of immunosuppression remains the mainstay of BKV nephropathy treatment and is the most studied intervention. In this review, we are going to discuss the epidemiology of BK virus infection, screening strategies, treatment options and new studies or evidence in the future.
Examining Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptom Change in Cognitive Behavioral Immersion: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ezawa Iony D , Hollon Steven D , Robinson Noah
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Depressive and anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, and there is a critical need for effective, affordable, and accessible interventions. Cognitive Behavioral Immersion (CBI) is a novel group-based cognitive behavioral skills training program delivered by lay coaches in the metaverse that can be accessed through various modalities including virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays or flat-screen devices. Combining its ability to offer empirically supported therapy skills in a digital setting that can still facilitate interpersonal variables (eg, working alliance and sense of social support) with the aid of lay coaches, CBI has the potential to help fill this critical need.

OBJECTIVE

This study had 2 primary aims. First, we aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample of individuals who participated in CBI. Second, we aimed to examine 2 interpersonal process variables (working alliance and web-based social support) as predictors of symptom changes. We predicted CBI participants would experience depression and anxiety symptom improvements and that such improvements would be associated with an increase in both interpersonal process variables.

METHODS

The study sample consists of 127 participants who endorsed clinical levels of depression or anxiety symptoms during their first CBI session and attended at least 2 sessions. Participants were asked to complete self-report measures of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alliance, and web-based social support throughout their participation in CBI.

RESULTS

Repeated measures ANOVAs determined that depression and anxiety symptom scores differed significantly across sessions (Ps<.01). We also found participants’ web-based social support predicted improvement in depression symptoms (P=.01), but neither the alliance nor web-based social support predicted change in anxiety symptoms (Ps>.05). We also observed a significant difference in anxiety symptoms between participants who used a VR head-mounted display to access CBI and those who did not, such that participants who used VR head-mounted displays endorsed lower anxiety symptoms than those who did not at nearly every session (P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Participation in CBI is associated with both depression and anxiety symptom improvement. Web-based social support may play an important role in fostering changes in depression symptoms. Future studies are encouraged to continue examining the process of change in CBI with special attention paid to methods that can elucidate causal mechanisms of change.
Transformation and Articulation of Clinical Data to Understand Students’ and Health Professionals’ Clinical Reasoning: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Deschênes Marie-France , Fernandez Nicolas , Lechasseur Kathleen , Caty Marie-Ève , Azimzadeh Dina , Mai Tue-Chieu , Lavoie Patrick
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

There are still unanswered questions regarding effective educational strategies to promote the transformation and articulation of clinical data while teaching and learning clinical reasoning. Additionally, understanding how this process can be analyzed and assessed is crucial, particularly considering the rapid growth of natural language processing in artificial intelligence.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to map educational strategies to promote the transformation and articulation of clinical data among students and health care professionals and to explore the methods used to assess these individuals’ transformation and articulation of clinical data.

METHODS

This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist for the analysis. A literature search was performed in November 2022 using 5 databases: CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and Web of Science (Clarivate). The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework in November 2023. The scoping review will follow the 9-step framework proposed by Peters and colleagues of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A data extraction form has been developed using key themes from the research questions.

RESULTS

After removing duplicates, the initial search yielded 6656 results, and study selection is underway. The extracted data will be qualitatively analyzed and presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form alongside a narrative summary. The review will be completed by February 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

By synthesizing the evidence on semantic transformation and articulation of clinical data during clinical reasoning education, this review aims to contribute to the refinement of educational strategies and assessment methods used in academic and continuing education programs. The insights gained from this review will help educators develop more effective semantic approaches for teaching or learning clinical reasoning, as opposed to fragmented, purely symptom-based or probabilistic approaches. Besides, the results may suggest some ways to address challenges related to the assessment of clinical reasoning and ensure that the assessment tasks accurately reflect learners’ developing competencies and educational progress.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/50797
Artificial Intelligence is Changing the Landscape of Academic Writing. What Can Be Done? (Preprint)
Authors: Májovský Martin , Mikolov Tomáš , Netuka David
Published: July 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

not applicable for Letter to the editor
Analysis of birth rate, neonatal morbidity, and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Volosovets O.P. , Tsemashko S.V. , Loginova I.O. , Kryvopustov S.P. , Shevtsova T.I. , Ilyin O.V. , Chernii O.F. , Helescul L.M. , Holik O.V.
Published: July 2023

Background. Ukraine is currently experiencing a rapid decline in fertility due to the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law. The purpose was to study birth rate fluctuations and changes in the structure of early neonatal morbidity and mortality at Kyiv City Maternity Hospital 6 during the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law and to compare the obtained findings with national statistical data. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis and assessment of birth rate fluctuations, early neonatal morbidity, and mortality were carried out for 2020–2022 using both the health care industry statistics and the data obtained from Kyiv City Maternity Hospital 6. Results. Increased morbidity and high psycho-emotional stress levels among pregnant women contributed to a more frequent occurrence of neonatal disorders associated primarily with intrauterine hypoxia and perinatal infection. The improvements in newborn care and concurrent reduction in the preterm birth rate at the maternity hospital providing level II perinatal care services have been associated with a decreased rate of early neonatal mortality over the past three years. Conclusions. The use of modern fetal monitoring technologies, the timely diagnosis and treatment of perinatal pathology, and improvements in the organization of newborn care help preserve child health and prevent mortality.
The early diagnosis of hepatobiliary lesions in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tsyunchyk Y.G.
Published: July 2023

Background. An increase in life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis contributes to the formation of severe patho­logy of the hepatobiliary system, leading to the development of fatal biliary cirrhosis. The purpose was to prospectively assess the predictive value of a combination of serum liver enzymes, ultrasound liver parameters and transient elastography for diagnosis of clinically significant liver fibrosis. Materials and methods. We enrolled 108 children aged 0–17 years with cystic fibrosis. The fibrosis stage was determined using transient elastography on FibroScan® 502 (Echosens, France). The activity of enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase-5), ultrasound parameters of the liver at different stages of liver fibrosis have been investigated. Results. Liver fibrosis of varying severity was detected in 29.6 % of patients with cystic fibrosis (liver elasticity ranged from 5.9 to 49.0 kPa). Li­ver cirrhosis was observed in 14.8 % of children with cystic fibrosis. The dependence of an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase-5 and an enlargement of the left lobe of the liver, a reduction in the k ratio of the sizes of the right and left lobes of the liver on the degree of fibrosis F1-F4 (р < 0.05) was found. Conclusions. The combined use of transient elastography FibroScan with increased activity of the alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactatе dehydrogenase-5 and changing of ultrasound liver parameters could be used for early diagnosis of hepatobiliary lesions in cystic fibrosis. The age of a patient with cystic fibrosis over 6 years old, male gender and the presence of ΔF508 deletion in the genotype have a high positive predictive value for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Ethical standards in pediatrics: who is a “good pediatrician”?
Authors: Beketova H.V. , Volosovets O.P. , Horiacheva I.P. , Soldatova O.V. , Nazar O.V.
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the issues of modern ethical standards in pediatrics, considers the essence of the concept “a good pediatrician”. The key components of the practical professional activity of a pediatrician, such as honesty and integrity, reliability and responsibility, respect for others, compassion and sensitivity, self-improvement, self-awareness and knowledge of the professional limits of providing medical care, connections and cooperation, altruism and protection the interests of the patient and members of his/her family are considered by the authors. Information is provided regarding the basic ethical principles, duties and competencies of the practical professional activity of a pediatrician in the American healthcare system and the ethical principles of a doctor’s activity in Ukraine. The standards of behavior of a pediatrician are described, according to which he can be evaluated both by medical students, residents and colleagues, as well as by parents, which is necessary for providing quality medical care to children and adolescents. The reasons for the formation of conflict situations in the pediatrician’s practice and approaches to their effective resolution are considered, as well as the role of confidentiality and collegiality.
A STUDY TO ASSESS, MONITOR, AND REPORTING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL: HIMS, HASSAN
Authors: Valder Bhavishya KA , P NEELAMMA , GK Nalini , GN Sahana
Published: July 2023

Objective: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted, undesirable effect of a medication that occurs during usual clinical use. ADR should be quickly identified and managed to limit their detrimental effects on the patient. This study was undertaken to characterize the pattern of ADRs reported through spontaneous reporting system at ADR reporting unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over 3 years between September, 2017 and August, 2019. The ADRs reported were from patients admitted inpatient department of hospital. Evaluation of patient demographics, drug and ADR characteristics, and outcome of the ADRs. Causality and severity assessment was done by the World Health Organization system and Naranjos scale.
Results: 82 cases of ADRs were reported during the study period. More number of ADRs was from General Medicine and Pediatric departments, in which the most affected organ systems were the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. The antibiotic classes mostly accounted were cephalosporins. None of the ADR was fatal.
Conclusion: ADRs to antibiotics are common and will be resulted in increased health-care cost due to the need of some interventions and increased length of hospital stay. The health-care system should promote proper documentation and periodic reporting to regional pharmacovigilance centers to ensure drug safety.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA DRUG-RESISTANT ISOLATES IN ICU PATIENTS WITH A SPECIAL PROFILE RELATED TO B-LACTAMASE
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Gupta Deepali , H Bhat Sanjeev
Published: July 2023

Objective: In addition to assessing the phenotypic development of biofilms and beta-lactamases, in the current study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from intensive care units (ICU) patients with prevalent drug resistance are being evaluated.
Methods: Standard CLSI recommended protocols were utilized to detect beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), metallo beta-lactamase (MBL), and AmpC, and a standard tissue culture plate method was used to detect the development of biofilms in the study.
Results: 51 (36% of 142) Most P. aeruginosa isolates with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes were discovered in endotracheal aspirates, followed by BAL fluid, pus, and blood, and the least number were found in urine samples. Of the 142 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 132 (93%) produced biofilms, while the remaining 10 (7%) did not. Our study reported that of the 51 MDR isolates, 14 (27%) produced ESBLs, 9 (18%) MBLs, and 5 (10%) AmpCs. Of the 51 MDR phenotypes, 48 (94%) of the isolates produced biofilm, and 3 (6%) did not. There were 142 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, 14 (27%) of which came from female patients, and 37 (73%) from male patients. Imipenem (10.4%) and meropenem (12.5%) showed the lowest rates of resistance, whereas gentamicin (60.4%) and amikacin (66.6%) had the greatest rates. There was no resistance to colistin or polymyxin B.
Conclusion: For the best antibiotic choice and management of acute disease in ICU patients, all P. aeruginosa bacterial isolates should undergo routine beta-lactamase profiling and biofilm formation.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CEFUROXIME AXETIL GRANULES FOR ORAL SUSPENSION
Authors: Aditya Jaitly  , Sharma Rahul , Zafar Rizwan
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study is formulation and evaluation of cefuroxime axetil (CA) granules for oral suspension and to compare its in vitro bioavailability with Innovator Product.
Methods: The granules of CA were prepared by wet granulation method. Six formulations of varying composition of ingredients were prepared. Preformulation studies were performed. The suspension was evaluated for its flow property, in vitro dissolution study, and assay.
Results: Preformulation parameters show that the flow property of powder is poor. The suspension was successfully prepared by wet granulation method. The flow property of granules varied form fair to excellent in different formulations. The f2value ranges from 25 to 77.
Conclusion: With a better release characteristic and excellent flow property, the formulation F6 is considered as the final formulation with an f2 value of 77 and assay of 99.7%.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE COMBINED USE OF INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL AND INTRACERVICAL FOLEY CATHETER VERSUS INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL ALONE FOR TERMINATION OF MID-TRIMESTER PREGNANCY IN DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR
Authors: Yadav Monika , Mahala Urmila
Published: July 2023

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to compare the mean induction to abortion interval and efficacy of intra-vaginal misoprostol alone versus combined use of intravaginal misoprostol and intracervical Foley catheter in termination of mid-trimester pregnancy.
Methods: This was prospective, comparative study conducted during March 2021 to April 2022 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur. The study included sample size of 60 cases (30 cases in each group). 60 cases were randomly allocated to either intravaginal misoprostol alone (Group A) or combined use of intravaginal misoprostol and Foley catheter (Group B) for termination of mid-trimester pregnancy. The study included all pregnant females between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation who were admitted for termination of pregnancy.
Results: Mean induction to abortion interval±standard deviation for Group A was 20.79±2.01 h and for Group B, it was 17.29±3.58 h. Mean dose of tablet misoprostol required for Group A±standard deviation was 1453.3±267.47 mcg and for Group B, it was 1053.33±267.47 mcg.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that with the combined use of intravaginal misoprostol and intracervical Foley catheter, there was a significant reduction in duration of induction to abortion, total dose misoprostol required, and hospital stay than in intravagnial misoprostol alone in termination of mid-trimester pregnancy.
PERFORMANCE OF RAPID ANTIGEN TEST IN COMPARISON TO REAL-TIME RT-PCR IN DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 INFECTION: A SHORT STUDY
Authors: BISWAS ARITRA , RAY RAJA , KHAMRAI ARPITA , PAUL DIPANKAR
Published: July 2023

Objective: The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading. Because of this, it is urgently necessary to develop quick, easy, and accurate assays to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. For the purpose of diagnosing COVID-19 cases, the quick SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test’s performance attributes should be assessed and contrasted with the gold standard real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was done during January to May, 2022 at IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India. 2842 paired samples were taken from all patients reporting to the hospital for Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) and RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the performance of the RAT.
Results: Of 2842 samples, 229 (8%) were positive, and 2613 (92%) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time RT-PCR assay. The rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test’s sensitivity and specificity were 77.29% (177 out of 229) and 99.54% (2601 out of 2613), respectively. Positive predictive value was 93.65% and negative predictive value was 93% with the Ct value ≤35 of real-time RT-PCR result.
Conclusion: RAT-positive samples are also positive by real-time RT-PCR test though RAT-negative patient with symptom, should further test for real-time RT-PCR as sensitivity is bit low particularly in symptomatic patient respect to real-time RT-PCR result. Hence, we can conclude that specificity- and sensitivity-wise real-time RT-PCR method is best, but during pandemic/outbreak situation, RAT is good alternative for fast screening and point-of-care test of COVID-19 detection.
RAPHANUS SATIVUS - A REVIEW OF ITS TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: S SAHA , S PAUL , A AFROZ , A DEY , A CHATTERJEE , R KHANRA
Published: July 2023

Raphanus sativus (Radish) is a widely used vegetable belonging to the family Brassicaceae, generally grown as annual or biennial plants, with a taproot which is much enlarged when it is cultivated. In Yemenite folk medicines, R. sativus juice is used in eliminating kidney stones. Few people, specifically in the Middle East, prefer to drink its juice in pursuit of certain health benefits. In Unani, Greeko-Arab, and Indian folk medicine, It is used as a home remedy for the treatment of many diseases such as jaundice, gallstone, liver diseases, rectal disorder, indigestion, and other gastric pains. This article has reviewed the information available on R. sativus ethnopharmacology, geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological uses. The information on botanical description, distribution, traditional uses, chemical composition, bioactive components, and therapeutic investigations was gathered from a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS until 2020 for publications. An elaborative study has been done on botanical characterization, traditional uses, chemical composition, and various pharmacological or therapeutic uses. Mainly this plant is fully loaded with polyphenolic compounds which exert a promising antioxidant property. This plant possesses various therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumorogenesis, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-nephrotoxicity activity. The comprehensive literature analysis shows that a wide range of populations has utilized various parts of R. sativus around the globe. The above information shows that the plant holds a variety of hidden and unknown potentials which can be studied extensively for its phytoconstituents and therapeutic outcomes. However, while searching through the literature available, it was observed that there is a lack of information on its phytochemical profiling and its corresponding pharmacological benefits. It is believed that this review will help lay the groundwork for encouraging pharmacological and pharmaceutical studies.
AUDIT OF USFDA APPROVALS FOR 2022 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INNOVATION
Authors: DASARAJU RAJESH , BAPUGOUDA PATIL , BENDE MANOHAR , MANGALGIRI ASHUTOSH , MUPPALA THEJASWINI
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The United States of America (USA) is having a unique place in global innovation within the health-care sector due to the presence of a large number of research-oriented biopharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, and government research agencies. The aim of this study was to analyze the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approvals for 2022 to increase the awareness among health-care professionals for better clinical decisions.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted using online database of USFDA which is accessible freely by the public. The USFDA approvals for 2022 were assessed for new molecular entities (NMEs) including their source and therapeutic area, new indications (NIs) of previously approved drugs, new label extensions (NLEs) of previously approved drugs, new routes of administration (NRAs) of previously approved drugs, and new dosage forms (NDFs) of previously approved drugs. The data obtained were arranged in the tabular form using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis.
Results: Out of 118 USFDA approvals considered for this study, 25.4% of them were given for NMEs, 27.9% approvals were given for NIs, 33.8% approvals were given for NLEs, 6.7% approvals were given for NRAs, and the remaining 5.9% approvals were given for NDFs. 14 out of 30 NMEs were biologicals and 43.3% of NMEs were indicated for different types of cancer.
Conclusion: The USFDA continued to adopt several approaches such as Fast Track process, breakthrough therapy process, accelerated approval process, and priority review process to encourage the research-based biopharmaceutical companies involved in the development of therapeutic options for patients suffering from common as well as rare diseases. More emphasis was given to the approvals of anticancer drugs given the limited options available to treat the cancer in advanced or metastatic stages. However, a lack of discovery and development of antimicrobials with novel mechanism of actions to combat resistance is a cause of concern.
IODINE AS A POTENTIAL FRONT-LINE DEFENSE AGAINST COVID-19: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Das Bhowmik Aneek , Das Bhowmik Narayan , Baisya Oindrila
Published: July 2023

The novel coronavirus disease, first identified in 2019 known as COVID-19, is caused by a new strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), named SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies showed that the virus may be airborne and spreads through small respiratory droplets of saliva in aerosols, indirect or direct physical contact with the affected individual, in a similar way to the cold and influenza. Emerging studies also demonstrate the importance of the throat along with salivary glands as sites of viral replication and transmission in early COVID-19 infection. The most common route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) that slowly reaches the lower respiratory tract to infect the epithelial cells within the lungs which can cause lung damage and severe respiratory symptoms, if not treated immediately. Averting colonization of the virus in the nasopharynx could be one of the best options to reduce the incidence of severe infection. It has been well-documented that iodine is one of the most effective of all antimicrobials available. Hospitals and medical facilities worldwide use povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as a standard of care in infection control. Several research studies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic showed the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of iodine-containing solutions such as PVP-I (Betadine), Iodine-V (Essential Iodine Drops) etc. and other iodine complexes to effectively kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus within few seconds to hours. Few commercially available iodine-containing gargling, mouthwash, and nasal spray solutions have been recommended to use in humans against SARS-CoV-2 infection by experts to prevent viral spread, especially among health workers. The present article aims to summarize these studies and highlights the rationale, safety and recommendations of use of iodine as an effective method to decrease the viral load during the early COVID-19 infection.
ROLE OF WILD EDIBLE FRUITS USED BY THE TRIBALS FROM SHAHPUR TALUKA OF THANE DISTRICT
Authors: Mahadkar Shivprasad D , Patil Bhargavi Y
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) The present study deals with the identification, ethno botanical exploration, and documentation of plant species that deal with wild edible fruits with respect to food and medicinal value. (2) Documentation of the medicinal value of wild edible fruits was done through discussion with local medicine men and Vaidus.
Methods: The ethno botanical survey was carried out in Shahpur Taluka of Thane District from June 2021 to January 2023. The data were collected through discussions and interviews with experienced people and traditional healers. The data on wild edible fruits were collected using preparation of questionnaire in the local language and group discussions. Voucher specimens were collected during the walk with informants. The collected plants were identified using standard floras.
Results: From Shahpur Taluka of Thane district, a total of 40 wild edible fruit plants belonging to 25 families have been documented. Wild edible plants play an important role in the lives of rural populations in every aspect, such as supplemented food, nutritionally balanced diets, medicine, fruits, and fodder, along with their daily income potential. Among different parts of plant species, fruits are more consumed by the tribals. Thane district is rich in indigenous plants that have been explored for their nutritional and medicinal values, and that’s why it is necessary to conserve the biodiversity, which could help to maintain and improve the source of food supply for the inhabitants.
Conclusion: The present work documented 40 wild edible fruit plants. Out of these, most of the plants have medicinal value. Further investigation of their phytochemical and nutraceutical studies may provide better nutritional and medicinal sources in the future.
CARTRIDGE-BASED NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TEST, AN IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR TUBERCULOSIS BOTH PULMONARY AND EXTRA-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Udgata Girija Shankar , DASH SRIKANTA , MEHER SASMITA , UDGATA ANANYA , S HOTA
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims: Tuberculosis (TB) is severe infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and imposes significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of active TB forms pulmonary and extrapulmonary is very important and the diagnostic methods such as culture test and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain displayed low diagnostic accuracy. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) is widely used for the diagnosis of TB with good accuracy rate. Hence, the current study was commenced to assess the diagnostic usefulness of CBNAAT for the diagnosis of mycobacterium TB (MTB) and compared with ZN staining.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 250 sputum samples of pulmonary TB (new cases) and also patients who were receiving the treatment for TB. 5 mL of sputum sample including CSF, pericardial or ascitic fluid, pus, or lymph nodes aspirates were collected and subjected to ZN staining and CBNAAT.
Results: Mean age observed was 48.12±8.76 years. 30 (12%) showed smear positive and 220 (88%) were smear negative for ZN staining. Further, samples have been subjected to CBNAAT showed 60 (24%) MTB positive, and 190 (74%) showed MTB negative. CBNAAT showed sensitivity and specificity of 91.5% and 89%. Out of 60 positives for MTB by CBNAAT, MTB has been identified in 28 patients.
Conclusion: CBNAAT is a great tool in the early diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB.
Prevalence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & its Association with HbA1c
Authors: LAVINA PATTNAIK  , BEHERA SARITA
Published: July 2023

Objective: Diabetes mellitus progressively augmented over the previous years in India and through the world, with India subsidizing a foremost part of the global encumbrance. The current study has been aimed to assess left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetic person and to evaluate the correlation of diastolic dysfunction also its HbA1c range.

Material and methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study has been performed for one year from September 2018 to August 2019 in the Bhima bhoi medical college & Hospital, Balangir, Odisha. 70 patients of Type 2 DM have been enrolled in the present study. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of LVDD in cases with Type 2 DM without any prior cardiac complications. Glycosylated haemoglobin has been estimated by ion exchange resin method. 2D Doppler Echocardiography was used to diagnose LVDD.

Results: A large proportion or 48.6% of the diabetics in the study were diagnosed with LVDD of grade I severity. Data revealed that increased levels of glycated haemoglobin caused the severity of LVDD to worsen. With HbA1c levels between 0-8.9 per cent, 67.4% had grade I LVDD, with HbA1c levels between 9-10.9%, majority or 76.9% had grade II dysfunction and similarly with HbA1c between 11-18%, 90.9% of patients had grade III LVDD. This correlation found to be statistically significant (p<0.00001).

Conclusion: Higher values of FPG, PPPG and HbA1c were associated with higher incidence of LVDD. Thus, optimal glycaemic control may lower the risk of having early diastolic dysfunction and its progression. This has been perceived with cases with Type 2 diabetes mellitus may remain asymptomatic despite having significant left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PLACENTA IN HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH FETAL OUTCOME: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Panday Aakriti , Budania Suman , Bano Tanu
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathology and establish the correlation between placental changes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal outcome. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 100 pregnant women with singletons admitted to the labor room with gestational ages >30 weeks and 35 weeks with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between December 2021 and November 2022, admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner. Shape of placenta, weight in grams, size, diameter in centimeters, and deposition were examined. Fetomaternal outcome was also noted. Results: Eighty percent (80) were in the age group of 21–30 years, with a mean age of 25.01±4.56 (range: 18–44 years). Only 35% of females were booked, and 63% of cases belonged to G1. Maximum cases were of pregnancy-induced hypertension (42%), followed by eclampsia (36%) and pre-eclampsia (16%), and the minimum case belonged to HELLP (1%). Although cases of placental infarction were higher in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admitted cases as compared to non-admitted cases (61.19% vs. 45.45%, respectively), calcification was higher in NICU-admitting cases as compared to non-admitting cases (95.52% vs. 84 vs. 5%, respectively). Syncytial knots were 94.03% vs. 81.82%, respectively, and grade fibrosis was 44.78% vs. 27.27%. Fibrinoid necrosis (71.64% vs. 54.55%) and leukocytic infiltration (68.66% vs. 63.64%). Statistically, no significant difference was observed in all parameters. Conclusion: Placental morphology and histopathology are affected in hypertensive pregnancies, which might be the reason for placental insufficiency in these cases.
CLINICO-HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-MALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: BELLAPU HARITHA , B ANURADHA , C SUJATHA , SHAIK SHAHANUMA
Published: July 2023

Aim: The current study’s aim is to correlate clinical variables with histopathological findings of pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the intestinal tract.
Methods: The sample size includes all the endoscopic biopsies and surgically resected specimens of the intestinal tract received at the Department of Pathology, S.V. Medical College, Tirupathi for 2 years from November 2016 to October 2018. All the specimens are fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Special stains and Immunohistochemistry were done wherever required.
Results: During the study, we studied 113 specimens of endoscopic biopsies and 759 specimens of surgically resected. Out of 113 endoscopic biopsies, 33 biopsies were premalignant and malignant lesions, among which 8 were premalignat lesions and 25 were malignant. Out of 759 surgically resected specimens, 37 specimens were premalignant and malignant lesions, among which 1 was premalignant and 36 were malignant. Out of 70 lesions, 3 occurred in the small intestine, 59 occurred in large intestine, 8 occurred in the anal canal. In the small intestine, 3 lesions were encountered among which, one each of adenoma, PJP, adenocarcinoma was noted. Out of 59 lesions of large intestine 4 were adenomas, 2 were ulcerative colitis, 48 were adenocarcinoma and its variants, 2 were MANECs, one each of carcinoid and GIST and malignant melanoma were reported. In the anal canal, there were 1 adenoma, 2 mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 5 squamous cell carcinomas reported. A case of adenoma occurred in male patient, among 2 mucinous adenocarcinomas one occurred in female patient and one in male patient. Out of 5 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 occurred in female patients and 2 in male patients. Among 3 lesions of the small intestine, one case each of adenoma, PJP, and adenocarcinoma, all occurred in male patients. 33 out of 48 adenocarcinomas occurred in male patients. The most common symptom was bleeding per rectum (63.83%) followed by constipation, pain in abdomen and diarrhea. The association between Adenocarcinoma and Smoking is not correlated with p=0.67. The association between Adenocarcinoma and Smoking is not correlated with a p=0.38.
Conclusion: Most of the neoplasms were from the large intestine followed by the anal canal. The most common neoplasm and also most common malignancy was Adenocarcinoma. Different variants of adenocarcinoma encountered in the study were Mucinous adenocarcinoma and Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Adenomas were common in Male patients. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor of large intestine were confirmed with IHC study.
Readiness of Indian Classrooms for Online Structure
Authors: Longjam Gyaneshwari
Published: July 2023

Online education has become a tool for the education system that cannot be avoided. Further, with the sudden shift away from the classroom owing to the pandemic, online classes are being used to facilitate the students to continue their education. Due to this scenario, dependence on online classes has become necessary and is not just a fad. This makes it imperative to assess the readiness of our education system for the online structure of education. However, since urban areas have strong enough infrastructural facilities, rural India still lags behind in the implementation of online education. Thus, the present research will focus on assessing the readiness of Indian classrooms for online structure in rural India. The study population is students in different private schools in the Imphal West region, India.
Students’ Perceptions of Online Teaching and Learning in Literature Studies at University during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: P Veeramuthu Saravanan , Rahman Mohamad Luthfi Abdul
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted higher education, including Malay Literature. This study explores students’ perceptions of online learning during the pandemic at a Malaysian university. Using a multifaceted research approach combining surveys and interviews, the study finds that online learning in Malay Literature has advantages such as flexibility and convenience, allowing students to learn from home and at their preferred schedules. However, challenges include limited face-to-face interaction and potential technological issues. Further research is needed to examine additional factors influencing the effectiveness and acceptance of online learning across disciplines and student populations. By addressing these areas and implementing evidence-based strategies, online education can be improved, enhancing its quality and inclusivity to better support students’ learning journeys.
The Effect of Work Motivation and Knowledge Sharing on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable
Authors: Yuniarti Maulina , Mursidi Mursidi , Arifiani Ratya Shafira
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and knowledge sharing on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This research was conducted at the Investment and One Stop Service Office in Probolinggo Regency with a total of 50 respondents. The type of research used is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with saturated sample techniques. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis method used is path analysis using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study are work motivation and knowledge sharing has a significant effect on employee performance, work motivation, and knowledge sharing has a significant effect on job satisfaction, meanwhile, job satisfaction has no significant effect on employee performance, work motivation has no effect significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction, and knowledge sharing has no significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction.
Evolución y factores de riesgo de mortalidad en una cohorte pediátrica con enfermedad renal crónica en Paraguay: estudio multicéntrico
Authors: Troche Avelina , Samudio Margarita
Published: July 2023

Contexto: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tiene una alta morbimortalidad y un alto costo de tratamiento. Entre sus causas principales en Pediatría se describen las anomalías congénitas del riñón y las vías urinarias (CAKUT, por sus siglas en inglés)
Objetivo: determinar la evolución y los factores asociados a mortalidad de una cohorte pediátrica atendida en dos hospitales de referencia nacional, con el fin de elaborar estrategias para el manejo precoz y multidisciplinario de esta enfermedad y, de esa manera, optimizar los recursos para reducir la morbimortalidad de la enfermedad.
Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes de dos hospitales de referencia entre enero del 2000 y diciembre del 2020, en el cual se estudiaron: edad, sexo, seguro social, ingreso fijo, causa de la ERC, estadio de la ERC al ingreso y al final de estudio, requerimiento y tipo de diálisis, trasplante y óbito, donde el estadio de la ERC se clasificó según las guías K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Quality Iniciative). Por su parte, se relacionó óbito con edad, sexo, ingreso fijo, seguro social, estadio de ERC y requerimiento de diálisis. Se destaca que el análisis se realizó con el programa Epi Info (Atlanta), el cual usa estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi cuadrado para establecer asociaciones con óbito a un nivel de significancia de 0,05.
Resultados: se estudió a 187 pacientes de entre 2 y 17 años de edad, 96 mujeres y 91 varones, donde la mayoría eran mayores de10 años (44,9?%). Entre las causas de ERC más frecuentes se encuentran las anomalías congénitas (CAKUT) (54,5?%) y las indeterminadas (16,6?%); el estadio de ERC al ingreso estuvo repartido entre I (2,1?%), II (16?%), III (25,7?%), IV (8?%), y V (48,1?%); además, el 59,4?% requirió diálisis, el 87,3?% hemodiálisis, el 12,6?% diálisis peritoneal y 13,3?% recibieron un trasplante; por último, la mortalidad fue del 24,5?%, lo cual se asoció con el estadio de ERC al ingreso y el requerimiento de diálisis.
Conclusiones: este estudio de cohorte demostró mejores resultados en la evolución de los niños con ERC diagnosticados en estadios tempranos . El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces ayudan a mejorar la morbimortalidad.
The role performed by the teacher’s question in the learning of quadratic function in an exploratory mathematics class
Authors: Silva Anaís Veloso , Viseu Floriano , Menezes Luís
Published: July 2023

Communication plays a key role in teaching and learning processes. Questions are a communicational act greatly used by teachers to structure their discourse, establish dynamics, and foster interaction between the different participants in the classroom. In view of these potentialities of questions in the classroom context, we have developed a teaching experiment with the aim of understand the role of the teacher's question in the learning of topics on functions. Considering the nature of this aim, a methodology of qualitative and interpretative nature was used. The data collection was based on the students’ written productions and on the audio and video recordings of a mathematics class of a Grade 10 educational group (in northern Portugal). Data analysis is based on content analysis techniques, crossing collected data and categories emerging from the literature. The study revealed that the teacher’s questions alternated between confirmation, focalization, and inquiry, with inquiry prevailing. Questions aimed at testing the student’s knowledge gave both the teacher and actual student important information. Questions that focused the student’s attention on a particular detail enabled the students to organize their reasoning and structure their answer. Questions that required the students to explain or justify their thoughts were those that proved to most contribute to the development of the student’s reasoning process.
Prisão civil por dívida: os limites e restrições do inciso LXVII do Art. 5º da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigues Casali Andréa
Published: July 2023

O presente estudo objetiva desconstruir a ideia da tese da colisão de princípios adotada no Brasil, para justificar a restrição excepcional da norma do inciso LXVII do art. 5º da CRFB/88, que trata sobre a prisão civil por dívida âmbito das responsabilidades alimentares parentais. Em seguida, busca-se identificar os limites dessa norma e o conteúdo da restrição nela prevista, sendo esse o objeto deste estudo.
The human circadian system: physiology, pathophysiology and interactions with sleep and stress reactivity
Authors: Agorastos Agorastos , Vasiliadis Miltiadis , Chrousos George P.
Published: July 2023

The dramatic fluctuations in the energy demands of living organisms by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for a biological temporal organization necessary for maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental changes across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian system (CS) represents a highly conserved and complex internal biological “clock”, adjusted to the 24-hour rotation of the earth about itself. This system creates and maintains cellular and organismal rhythmicity and enables a nyctohemeral coordination of multi-level physiologic processes, ranging from gene expression to behaviour. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the primary pacemaker of the circadian system of the organism, while a ubiquitous peripheral oscillating network of cellular molecular clocks participates in a complex circadian hierarchy. A critical loss of this harmoniously timed circadian order at different organizational levels is defined as “chronodisruption”, a condition that may alter the fundamental properties of basic homeostatic systems at molecular, cellular and organismal levels, and lead to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms, resulting in maladaptive stress regulation and increased sensitivity and vulnerability to stress. Chronodisruption has been linked to neuroendocrine, immune, cardiometabolic and autonomic dysregulation, with blunted diurnal rhythms, specific sleep pattern pathologies and cognitive deficits, as well as with altered circadian gene expression. This condition may, thus, play a central role in the development of mental and somatic disease. Nevertheless, circadian and sleep disturbances are often clinically considered as “secondary” manifestations in most disorders, neglecting the potentially important pathophysiological role of CS. Understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related, systemic disease could provide new insights into disease mechanisms and could help advance chronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in populations at risk.