bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Yoga-meditation in Managing Mental Stress of Generation Z Pupils
Authors: Sarma Ramala
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Research on yoga meditation has shown the effectiveness of meditation in alleviating stress and  anxiety. However, its efficacy on Generation Z (Gen Z) pupils, who mostly experience mental stress, remains  unknown in many cases. As at the deep root of their stress lies their inability to look at things as they are, meditative  practice, and non-judgmental awareness, are useful for them in alleviating stress. The present study focuses on the  efficacy of meditation in managing the mental stress of Gen Z pupils. Materials and Methods: Apart from the qualitative analysis of stress and mental health from a yogic perspective  through a host of relevant literature, a quasi-experimental study was conducted at Philosophy Department, Nowgong  College (Autonomous) Institution on 92 students 18–23 years of age selected through purposive sampling as subjects  from three educational institutes of Assam, India, from October 2022 to December 2022. Participants received  meditation classes online for 90 days. Data collected through the Stress Scale questionnaires developed by Dr. M.  Singh was analyzed with statistical tools and t-tests. Results: The study showed a positive change in the stress level of the participants as a result of meditation practice.  The observed results are – t = 8.18, P = 1.646*10-12 or 0, P ˂ 0.001. Conclusions: Meditation practice is an effective way to release the mental stress of Gen Z pupils. The practice may  be recommended as a regular use for them.
Utility of Shadangapaniya in Various Ailments – A Review
Authors: Sajeesh  , Thakur Balaji , Prasad Mahendra , Singh Bhanu Pratap
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Ayurveda has mentioned many Kalpanas, one among them is Paniya Kalpana (medicated drinking  water). It comes under Upakalapana (derivative) of Kwatha (process of medicated liquid). It is regarded as the most  beneficial and potent because it is very easy to digest and readily absorbed by our bodies. Dosha (one which governs  and maintains the health), Dhatu (fundamental tissues that constitute the human body), and Mala (metabolic end  products) are the components of Sharira (human body), which is governed by Agni (digestive fire). In a healthy  state, Sharira (human body) maintains regular physiological functioning; when it is impaired, Sharira (human body)  results in various ailments. Shadangapaniya is a special formulation that controls all the aforementioned aspects.  Six herbs, including Musta, Parpataka, Ushira, Chandana, Udichya, and Nagara, make up the Shadangapaniya. Materials and methods: The classic Ayurveda literature, including the Charaka Samhita, Sushrutha Samhita,  Ashtanga Hridaya, and Bhavprakasha Niganthu books of Dravyaguna Vignana, and other Nighantus. Result and Discussion: Shadangapaniya not only acts on Jwara (fever) but also is useful in various conditions and  as well as on various systems. For example, we can give in Rakthapitta (bleeding conditions), Atisara (diarrhea and  dysentery), Ati sweda (excessive perspiration), and Trishna (thirst), which will be discussed with references from  classical textbooks. Conclusion: Maintaining the equilibrium state of Dosha (one which governs and maintains the health), Dhatu  (fundamental tissues that constitute the human body) Mala (metabolic end products), and Agni (digestive fire) is the  fundamental goal of all Ayurvedic treatments for ailments. Shadanga Paniya (medicated drinking water made up of  six herbs) is a distinctive and popular recipe that preserves the above-mentioned state of equilibrium.
Exploring the Benefits of Mind Sound Resonance Technique and its Ability to Improve the Quality of life – A Review Article
Authors: Hadke Sonali , Penna Madhusudan
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the findings of selected articles regarding the effects of the Mind Sound Resonance  Technique (MSRT) and to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits of the MSRT. Due to many things such as  daily rush, work style, workload, goal fulfillment, increasing stress it creates mental and physical diseases. To prevent  these diseases, it is necessary to inform everyone about the effect of MSRT and its benefits. Thus, this manuscript  reports on a study of the effects of the MSRT on various group problems and situations. The MSRT is one of the many  yoga techniques, which influences the Manomaya Kosha area of the Pancha Kosha. In this technique, use mantra to  generate resonance in the body, which mainly works through the Manomaya Kosha to induce deeper relaxation for  both mind and body. The results of this study show that practicing the MSRT improves mental health, reduces mental  health symptoms, reduces burnout/fatigue, manages occupational stress, increases teacher importance, overcomes  mental barriers, improves emotional regulation, and teacher–student relationships as well as increases cognitive  performance, reduces anxiety and stress, improves sleep quality, improves mental health, regulates blood pressure,  and helps reduce fatigue and pain. Of course, the MSRT works to enhance overall well-being and quality of life.
Influence of Mannan oligosaccharides and Tulasi (ocimum sanctum) on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Rabbits
Authors: Khadeer B S , Prasad Reddy L S S V , Bhaskar Reddy G V , Kumar A V N S , Naik B R
Published: February 2024

The present experiment was conducted with twenty-four Newzealand white male rabbits weighing around 580 g that were assigned into four homogeneous treatment groups randomly (C, T1, T2 and T3) each with six rabbits. The rabbits fed with basal diet (without any antibiotic, coccidiostat or growth promoting supplements) grouped as control; basal diet mixed with the prebiotic (MOS) @ Mannan oligo saccharide (1.0 g/ kg feed) grouped as T1; basal diet mixed with the antibiotic ie) Oxytetracycline hydrochloride powder @ 250 g/tone of feed are grouped as T2 and basal diet mixed with the herbal powder tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder @ 50g/kg feed are grouped as T3 and the trail was conducted for a period of 42 days. Rabbits fed with tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder (TLP) @ 50g/kg feed had significantly (P<0.05) higher pre slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing per centage, meat bone ratio, muscle per cent and bone per cent than rabbits fed with control feed and MOS and antibiotic supplemented feed. Addition of different dietary supplements did not significantly (P>0.05) influenced the carcass length of rabbits. Addition of tulasi leaf powder in the rabbit diet significantly (P<0.05) recorded better physico-chemical attributes like lower drip loss and higher extract release volume, water holding capacity and cooking yield, higher moisture and protein content than remaining formulations. Meat obtained from rabbits fed with tulasi leaf powder had significantly (P<0.05) superior sensory scores than meat obtained from rabbits fed with remaining formulations. Based on the results, it can be concluded that addition of tulasi leaf powder @50 g/kg feed yielded better carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes to commercial broiler rabbits.
Extraction and Characterization of gelatin from goat skin
Authors: Reddy P Sowmya , Maheswarappa Naveena B , Reddy G V Bhaskar , Indumathi J , Gangaraju G , Banerjee Rituparna , Mishra Bidyut Prava , Belore Balaji M , Priya K B , Judy L
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted to optimize the pretreatment and extraction protocols for gelatin from goat skin. The physico-chemical properties of gelatin extracted from goat skin under different pretreatment conditions viz., scalding (65℃ for 5 min), 0.1 M NaOH for 2 h, 0.25 M NaOH for 2h and extraction temperatures (60℃ and 65℃) were studied. Pretreatment with 0.1 M NaOH and extraction at 65℃ (6 h) recorded the highest yield (8.42±0.02%) as well as better gel clarity (53.03±0.18%) and instrumental colour values. The scanning electron microstructure of goat skin gelatin displayed a compact network of protein strands without any void spaces. The gel strength and viscosity of goat skin gelatin were 437.56 g bloom and 15.73 cP respectively. The SDS-PAGE fractionation of gelatin proteins showed the presence of distinct α, β and γ-chains. These findings suggest that goat skin has an immense potential to be employed for gelatin extraction and can be used as an alternative to gelatin from other sources.
Advanced Machine Learning for Brain Tumor Detection: Leveraging Region of Interest Analysis in MRI Scans
Authors: Anirudh BN  , Kaushik MV  , Monish CM
Published: February 2024

This study introduces an advanced brain tumor detection method leveraging Region of Interest (ROI) analysis in MRI images to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. By applying sophisticated image processing and machine learning algorithms, our approach significantly improves the identification of tumor presence with reduced computational demands. The results show marked advancements over traditional methods, offering a promising tool for early and precise brain tumor diagnosis
Online Agriculture Management System
Authors: Prof. Tathe Sachin  , Shinde Vaishali  , Gaware Chanchal  , Gaikwad Ambika  , Gaikwad Ambika
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of Online Agriculture Management System is the web application which helps farmers by providing various kinds Agri related information and Agri services in the website. This website helps farmers by providing them a large online market to sell their produce. labourers and they can be updated with the latest agricultural developments with articles and blogs module. Admin can post latest news and articles and he can sell agriculture machinery products in the website. Workers can upload their resume and they can view work schedules after the login. To provide technology and services to the farmers, seller and farm labourers thus, helping then to expand their business and provide them with a wider market. Hence, improve the present farming processes and to provide knowledge about recent agricultural issues. To provide a helping hand to the farmers and farm labourers in improving their lives through the medium of technology, thereby, improving the Agricultural sector in the Indian economy
Harnessing the power of images in CALL: AI image generation for context specific visual aids in less commonly taught languages
Authors: Xu Liang , Uí Dhonnchadha Elaine , Ward Monica
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the application of AI image generation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) for Less Commonly Taught Languages (LCTLs). It delves into the potential of text to image generation models in creating context specific visual aids to enhance comprehension and engagement among learners. The integration of AI generated images in a language learning game, Cipher, is discussed, showcasing the benefits and challenges encountered. Learner feedback indicates positive inclinations towards the AI generated images, but also highlights the need for meticulous selection to address biases and stereotypes. Overall, this approach shows promise in creating culturally relevant CALL resources and improving language learning experiences for learners of LCTLs.
Efficacy of ornidazole for pericoronitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Du Ruobing , Ba Kai , Yang Yaxin , Zhao Yueyue , Lin Yupeng
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Timely and effective treatments of pericoronitis are very important. We aimed to evaluate the role of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis, to provide insights for clinical pericoronitis treatment.

Material and methods

The PubMed, Clinical trials, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu and Wanfang databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis from the establishment of the database to March 15, 2023. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 16 RCTs involving 2004 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of ornidazole treatment was significantly higher than that of the routine treatment group (RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.15, 1.29), p < 0.001). Ornidazole treatment was beneficial to reduce the oral bacterial density (MD = –26.13, 95% CI (–32.08, –21.51)), time to pain disappearance (MD = –0.64, 95% CI (–0.92, –0.17)) and time to disappearance of redness and swelling of the teeth crown (MD = –1.45, 95% CI (–2.43, –1.01)) compared to the routine treatment (all p = 0.05). No publication bias was found by the funnel plots and Egger test (p = 0.206).

Conclusions

Ornidazole is effective in the treatment of pericoronitis, with more advantages. Still, the effects and safety of ornidazole in the treatment of pericoronitis need to be evaluated by more high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes.
Interleukins: pathophysiological role in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Rafaqat Saira , Patoulias Dimitrios , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Sharif Saima , Klisic Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory state characterized by a clinical course that can lead to serious local and extrapancreatic organ malfunction and failure. Interleukins (ILs) are biologically active glycoproteins primarily produced by macrophages and lymphocytes. According to the literature, there are many ILs. However, this article represents a summary of the role of ILs in AP, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, and IL-20. The ways to modulate IL activity to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes in individuals with this condition are under investigation. Drugs that target specific ILs might be developed to mitigate the effects of AP.
Parents’ attitudes towards children’s transplantology
Authors: Sawicka Olga Paulina , Kocięba-Łaciak Anita Helena , Gałuszka Dominik , Ślusarczyk Katarzyna , Kasperowicz Jakub
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Pediatric transplantation is an extremely complex and emotionally difficult area of pediatric medicine. The process of obtaining a pediatric donor by the staff is an extremely delicate topic, and for the family of the deceased child, often an unimaginable and painful process. The aim of the study was to analyze parents’ opinions on pediatric transplantology.

Methods

The research survey method was applied using an original survey questionnaire made available electronically using a Google form. The group analyzed included 203 respondents.

Results

The attitude towards making transplant decisions among the respondents was positive. Education, age of parents and number of children did not influence attitudes towards pediatric transplantology.

Conclusions

There is a need for social education in the field of pediatric transplantation and to facilitate access to professional psychological care for pediatric patients and/or their caregivers.
Community Service Application of Puzzle Straw Teaching Aids in Mathematics Learning at Coastal Elementary School in Silo Baru Village Dusun X
Authors: Pulungan Putri Su’aidah , Marpaung Agus Salim
Published: February 2024

This community service (PKM) activity aims to overcome the problems experienced by teachers at Pesisir Elementary School. new silo village, X hamlet, Silo Laut District, Asahan Regency. Namely the difficulty of teachers in cultivating students' interest in studying mathematics and the lack of a fun learning approach, one of which is the use of the Puzzle Straw mathematics props. Mathematical Straw Puzzles are puzzles that involve arranging straws to complete a challenge or achieve a certain goal. This can be a creative and fun form of puzzle or game involving the manipulation or arrangement of straws. This service activity was attended by 6 Pesisir Elementary School teachers. The results of this PKM activity are: 1) Students are more enthusiastic in learning mathematics, especially in geometric geometric material. This is because the Puzzle Straw teaching aid allows students to directly explore geometric concepts of geometric shapes. Students not only sit and listen to the teacher's explanation, but can also see directly all the objects in the props, carry out gradual exploration, and demonstrate the physical objects of the props. 2) Teachers' enthusiasm for responding to PKM program material has increased. This is indicated by the number of teachers asking questions, suggestions and criticism, as well as providing solution views on the application of Puzzle Straw teaching aids in elementary schools. 3) There has been a significant increase in teachers' knowledge and understanding of elementary school mathematics concepts, as well as the benefits of the Puzzle Straw teaching aids in elementary school mathematics learning, especially the concept of spatial geometry. This can be seen from the number of teachers who can answer questions about elementary school mathematics concepts, and can explain the benefits of the Puzzle Straw teaching aids in elementary school mathematics learning.
La fortaleza del sistema de recursos humanos: un estudio empírico sobre su influencia en el compromiso afectivo del personal de la empresa
Authors: Beltrán Martín Inmaculada
Published: February 2024

Esta investigación se centra en el proceso de implantación de las estrategias de recursos humanos (RR. HH.) y, en particular, en el concepto de la «fortaleza del sistema de recursos humanos» (FRH), definida a partir de tres características básicas de las estrategias de RR. HH., como son su carácter distintivo, su consenso y su consistencia. En este trabajo nos planteamos analizar el efecto de esta fortaleza sobre el compromiso afectivo colectivo (CAC). Asimismo, pretendemos analizar esta relación desde una perspectiva contingente teniendo en cuenta el efecto moderador del leader-member exchange y del tamaño organizativo en esta relación. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos a partir de una muestra de 142 empresas españolas y 504 empleados clave indica que, una vez controlado el efecto que tienen las prácticas de RR. HH. sobre el CAC de las empresas, la FRH ejerce también un efecto positivo y significativo sobre dicho compromiso afectivo. Además, podemos concluir que esta relación no es la misma para todas las empresas, sino que depende del nivel del LMX que exista en la organización. Es decir, en función de la relación general existente entre los líderes y los subordinados en la organización, el efecto de la FRH sobre el compromiso afectivo de la plantilla variará. En particular, cuando las relaciones entre líderes y seguidores son buenas, el efecto de la FRH en el compromiso afectivo es menor.
Revisitando el desarrollo territorial en un contexto de cambios e incertidumbres
Authors: Marsiglia Javier , Arocena José
Published: February 2024

El artículo aborda en primer lugar la evolución de la temática del desarrollo territorial desde la década de 1970, pasando revista a los principales hitos de su surgimiento, tanto en Europa como en América Latina, analizando cómo se fueron configurando las agendas académicas e institucionales en los últimos años. Se pone especial énfasis en la relación en tensión entre los procesos de globalización y el desarrollo territorial y en las condiciones de los territorios para insertarse competitivamente en un mundo globalizado. En segundo lugar, se plantean algunas de las categorías teóricas que forman parte del marco conceptual del desarrollo territorial, dejándonos interpelar por los debates existentes en una temática aún en construcción. Finalmente, el artículo propone algunas pistas para fortalecer los procesos de desarrollo territorial, basadas en la construcción de diálogos múltiples en función de una visión compartida del futuro de los territorios que implica hacerse cargo de la gestión de las diferencias.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 78, No. 773, 2023: 35-55.
Caracterización del sistema de producción de cacao en el sureste de México utilizando el modelo de asesoría Chapingo-AGROPEC Star
Authors: Mariscal Aguayo Dolores Valentina , Estrella Quintero Heriberto , Salas Barboza José Enrique
Published: February 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el proceso de producción de cacao en el sureste de México, con el modelo de asesoríay consultoría Chapingo-AGROPEC Star, que considera el uso de una plataforma digital de innovación. Se contó con la participación de 18 asesores y 395 productores de Chiapas y Tabasco durante septiembre de 2015 a junio de 2016. Se brindó capacitación a extensionistas y productores, se implementó un mecanismo de control, seguimiento y evaluación integral de las agroempresas, para generar indicadores productivos y de costos. Los productores tienen un alto nivel de pobreza y más de la mitad son de la tercera edad. Las labores que más del 80 % de los productores realizan son: remoción de frutos enfermos, control manual de malezas y poda; y dejan de lado actividades importantes como control de plagas y enfermedades.  El tamaño (1.2 ha) y producción (94.88 kg·ha-1) promedio de los predios es bajo. El inadecuado manejo de las plantaciones (presencia moniliasis, envejecimiento, sombreo inapropiado etc.) ocasionan el bajo rendimiento de los cacaotales. Se recomienda contar con asesoría para que se proporcione un adecuado manejo integral agronómico a las plantaciones, el uso de innovaciones y fomentar la integración de productores.
Seminar Keuangan Digital Fintech Syariah Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Niken Probondani Astuti  , Mochtar Hasyim , Wiyana Anim , Halim Firmansyah
Published: February 2024

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mengenalkan fintech kepada mahasiswa dalam bentuk seminar. Target seminar yakni meningkatkan literasi dan inklusi keuangan sesuai dengan program pemerintah yakni adamya peningkatan literasi dan inklusi keuangan salah satunya financial technology (fintech). Kegiatan seminar keuangan digital fintech ini bekerjasama antara unit Mini Bank STIEM Bongaya dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) serta Asosisasi Fintech Syariah Indonesia (AFSI). Hasil kegiatan seminar dapat disimpulkan berjalan dengan baik. Peserta yang terdiri dari mahasiswa STIEM Bongaya sangat antusias mengikuti seminar, dan mereka mengakui bahwa memang sangat membutuhkan edukasi tentang pemahaman keuangan digital khususnya fintech
Intellectual Model for Financial Risk Management in Non-Financial Organizations
Authors: Востров В. А. , Гавриленко Т. В. , Исмайлов Э. М.
Published: February 2024

в сложившихся условиях экономической среды для гармоничного развития и роста бизнеса нефинансовым организациям необходимо совершенствовать подходы к управлению финансовыми рисками, так как существующие средства и методы обработки информации и принятия решений в данной области не в полной мере отвечают современным требованиям. Активно применяемые банками их собственные разработки и технологические решения в указанном направлении в большинстве случаев являются недоступными для других компаний. В статье рассмотрены подходы и технологии в области искусственного интеллекта, применение которых возможно при оценке кредитных рисков, прогнозировании рыночных трендов, решении задач анализа большого объема данных и управлении инвестициями для нефинансовых компаний

in the current conditions of the economic environment for the harmonious development and growth of business, non-financial organizations need to improve approaches to financial risk management, since the existing means and methods of information processing and decision-making in this area do not fully meet modern requirements. Although they are actively used by banks, their developments and technology solutions are mostly inaccessible to other companies. This paper discusses the approaches and technologies in the field of artificial intelligence, which can be used in assessing credit risks, forecasting market trends, solving problems of analyzing large amounts of data and investment management for non-financial companies
Perancangan Game Peminatan Jurusan Melalui Ilustrasi Karakter Berbasis Android
Authors: Sari Renny Nirwana , Tayoto Deliana
Published: February 2024

Perancangan Tugas Akhir ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya mahasiswa baru yang mengalami salah jurusan ketika memasuki sekolah perguruan tinggi dikarenakan kurang matangnya pemilihan jurusan atau program studi yang disediakan oleh universitas. Sehingga, cukup banyak mahasiswa yang merasa salah jurusan ketika telah diterima di universitas atau drop out saat dipertengahan masa semester perkuliahan. Metode yang digunakan pada perancangan ini ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan berbasis praktik (Practice Based Research) pengumpulan data studi literatur, observasi serta wawancara, dengan model pengembangannya menggunakan MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) versi Luther dengan tahapan requirement, design, verification, dan maintenance. Untuk hasil skoring game menggunakan metode psikologi RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, dan Conventional). Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam perancangan game peminatan jurusan ini yaitu mengurangi mahasiswa baru mengalami kebingungan serta salah jurusan dengan membantu memvisualisasikan tes peminatan jurusan yang umumnya berupa tes kuesioner menjadi game tes peminatan jurusan dengan karakter 2 dimensi berbasis android. Hasil media utama dari perancangan ini ialah aplikasi/ software yang bisa dijalankan di laptop dengan spesifikasi minimal windows 7 dan Intel dualcore, tab serta smartphone dengan versi android minimal 4.1/ Jellybean. Untuk media pendukung sebagai sarana promosi yaitu menggunakan poster, xbanner, stiker dan gantungan kunci. Hasil skoring game tes peminatan jurusan ini bukanlah secara tepat memberikan suatu hasil akhir keputusan yang pasti dalam menentukan bakat minat serta jurusan seorang mahasiswa baru, tetapi ini hanyalah memberikan suatu informasi secara 2 dimensi yang dapat berguna untuk membantu mahasiswa baru.
Effects of High Frequency of Examinations on Choice of Pedagogical Approaches in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Knight Tundo , Shiundu John O. , Wekesa Wangila E.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study was to establish the effects of examinations on the choice of pedagogical approaches in secondary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. Inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. We employed a combination of Saturated, Stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. The study was conducted in Kakamega County. The study population includes principals, students, and teachers from 408 public secondary schools and Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASOs) from Kakamega County. The total sample of the study was 2053, which included 40 principals, 1800 students, 200 teachers, and 13 QASOs. Data collection involved the administration of questionnaires to QASOs, students, and teachers and an interview guide for principals. The research team developed questionnaires for teachers, students, and QASOs with a reliability index of 0.71 based on the Cronbach alpha reliability method. Analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data was coded into sub-themes. The analyzed data was organized in tables and figures. The study found that teacher-centered pedagogy was the main method of instruction during teaching and learning. Therefore The study recommends the implementation of  curriculum content should be implemented within the defined time frame by KICD so that students can learn and curriculum objectives can be realized.
Effects of High Frequency of Examinations on Curriculum Implementation in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Knight Tundo , Shiundu John O. , Wekesa Wangila E.
Published: February 2024

Examinations have been widely used as a tool for curriculum evaluation not only in Kenya but across the globe. The use of examinations as an indicator of performance and promotion of learners has led to competition among schools and learners, which has compromised the quality of education provided. Teachers teach selectively by emphasising examined subjects and topics. The purpose of the study was to establish the effects of examinations on curriculum implementation in secondary schools. Descriptive survey research design and inferential statistics were applied. Sampling was done by use of Saturated, Stratified, and simple random sampling. The study was conducted in Kakamega County. The study population includes principals, students, and teachers from 408 public secondary schools and Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASOs) from Kakamega County. The total sample of the study was 2053, which included 40 principals,1800 students, 200 teachers, and 13 QASOs. Data collection involved the administration of questionnaires to QASOs, students, and teachers and an interview guide for principals. A researcher developed questionnaire instruments for teachers, students, and QASOs with a reliability index of 0.71 based on the Cronbach alpha reliability method. Analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. Quantitative data was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data was coded into sub-themes. The analysed data was organised in tables and figures The following were the study's primary findings: More than two exams were given in most schools each term, and this led to selective teaching because teachers only covered topics and subjects that were regularly covered in the KCSE. Moreover, candidates in particular did not engage in extracurricular activities because they were too busy studying for exams. To guarantee that all secondary schools follow the government examination policy, it should be reviewed. Early syllabus coverage is an unprofessional attitude; as a result, curriculum content should be implemented by KICD within the allotted time frame in order to support students' learning and help them achieve the curriculum's objectives.
Tethered balloon-borne observations of thermal-infrared irradiance and cooling rate profiles in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Lonardi Michael , Akansu Elisa F. , Ehrlich André , Mazzola Mauro , Pilz Christian , Shupe Matthew D. , Siebert Holger , Wendisch Manfred
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Clouds play an important role in controlling the radiative energy budget of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer. To quantify the impact of clouds on the radiative heating or cooling of the lower atmosphere and of the surface, vertical profile observations of thermal-infrared irradiances were collected using a radiation measurement system carried by a tethered balloon. We present 70 profiles of thermal-infrared radiative quantities measured in summer 2020 during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition and in autumn 2021 and spring 2022 in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Measurements are classified into four groups: cloudless, low-level liquid-bearing cloud, elevated liquid-bearing cloud, and elevated ice cloud. Cloudless cases display an average radiative cooling rate of about −2 K d−1 throughout the atmospheric boundary layer. Instead, low-level liquid-bearing clouds are characterized by a radiative cooling up to −80 K d−1 within a shallow layer at cloud top, while no temperature tendencies are identified underneath the cloud layer. Radiative transfer simulations are performed to quantify the sensitivity of radiative cooling rates to cloud microphysical properties. In particular, cloud top cooling is strongly driven by the liquid water path, especially in optically thin clouds, while for optically thick clouds the cloud droplet number concentration has an increased influence. Additional radiative transfer simulations are used to demonstrate the enhanced radiative importance of the liquid relative to ice clouds. To analyze the temporal evolution of thermal-infrared radiation profiles during the transitions from a cloudy to a cloudless atmosphere, a respective case study is investigated.
Ship-based lidar measurements for validating ASCAT-derived and ERA5 offshore wind profiles
Authors: Rubio Hugo , Hatfield Daniel , Hasager Charlotte Bay , Kühn Martin , Gottschall Julia
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The accurate characterization of offshore wind resources is crucial for the efficient design and operation of wind energy projects. However, the scarcity of in situ observation in marine environments requires exploration of alternative approaches. For this reason, this study presents a comprehensive comparison between wind profiles derived from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) satellite observations and the ERA5 reanalysis dataset against ship-based lidar measurements in the Northern Baltic Sea. In order to extrapolate ASCAT observations to wind turbine relevant heights, a long-term correction approach has been implemented. Due to the sensitivity of this method to the accurate characterization of the atmospheric stability, two different approaches were assessed to characterize the stability conditions, showing a great robustness of the methodology employed and leading to noticeable differences only in specific coastal locations. The comparison reveals a close agreement between ASCAT and ERA5 beyond 40 km distance from the coast. Specifically, ASCAT tends to overestimate the mean wind speed derived from lidar measurements, while ERA5 exhibits a consistent underestimation. In terms of vertical accuracy, ERA5 displays a consistent bias of approximately 0.5 m s-1 along the profile, whereas ASCAT exhibits a smaller bias within the lower 200 m of the profile. These findings underline the potential and limitations of ASCAT-derived wind profiles and ERA5 for offshore wind characterization.
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Authors: Yousavich David J. , Robinson De'Marcus , Peng Xuefeng , Krause Sebastian J. E. , Wenzhöfer Frank , Janssen Felix , Liu Na , Tarn Jonathan , Kinnaman Franklin , Valentine David L. , Treude Tina
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The Santa Barbara Basin naturally experiences transient deoxygenation due to its unique geological setting in the southern California Borderland and seasonal changes in ocean currents. Long-term measurements of the basin showed that anoxic events and subsequent nitrate exhaustion in the bottom waters have been occurring more frequently and lasting longer over the past decade. One characteristic of the Santa Barbara Basin is the seasonal development of extensive mats of benthic nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which are found at the sediment–water interface when the basin's bottom waters reach anoxia but still provide some nitrate. To assess the mat's impact on the benthic and pelagic redox environment, we collected biogeochemical sediment and benthic flux data in November 2019, after anoxia developed in the deepest waters of the basin and dissolved nitrate was depleted (down to 9.9 µM). We found that the development of mats was associated with a shift from denitrification to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The zone of sulfate reduction appeared near the sediment–water interface in sediment hosting these ephemeral white mats. We found that an exhaustion of iron oxides in the surface sediment was an additional prerequisite for mat proliferation. Our research further suggests that cycles of deoxygenation and reoxygenation of the benthic environment result in extremely high benthic fluxes of dissolved iron from the basin's sediment. This work expands our understanding of nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing mats and their role in sustaining and potentially expanding marine anoxia.
Modelling snowpack on ice surfaces with the ORCHIDEE land surface model: Application to the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Maignan Fabienne , Ottlé Catherine , Raoult Nina , Fettweis Xavier
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Current climate warming is accelerating mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets. In Greenland, the rates of mass changes are now dominated by changes in surface mass balance (SMB) due to increased surface melting. To improve the future sea-level rise projections, it is therefore critical to have an accurate estimate of the SMB, which depends on the representation of the processes occurring within the snowpack. The snow scheme (ES) implemented in the land surface model ORCHIDEE has not yet been adapted to ice-covered areas. Here, we present the preliminary developments we made to apply the ES model to glaciers and ice sheets. Our analysis mainly concerns the model’s ability to represent ablation-related processes. At the regional scale, our results are compared to the MAR regional atmospheric model outputs and to MODIS albedo retrievals. Using different albedo parameterizations, we performed offline ES simulations forced by the MAR model over the 2000–2019 period. Our results reveal a strong sensitivity of the modeled SMB components to the albedo parameterization. Results inferred with albedo parameters obtained with a manual tuning approach present a very good agreement with the MAR outputs. Conversely, with the albedo parameterization used in the standard ORCHIDEE version, runoff and sublimation were underestimated. We also tested parameters found from a previous data assimilation experiment calibrating the ablation processes using MODIS snow albedo. While these parameters greatly improve the modelled albedo over the entire ice sheet, they degrade the other model outputs compared to those obtained with the manually-tuned approach. This is likely due to the model overfitting to the calibration albedo dataset without any constraint applied to the other processes controlling the state of the snowpack. This underlines the need for performing a “multi-objective” optimisation using auxiliary observations related to snowpack internal processes. Although there is still room for further improvements, the developments reported in the present study constitute an important advance in assessing the Greenland SMB with possible extension to mountain glaciers or the Antarctic ice sheet.
Comparison of diurnal aerosol products retrieved from combinations of micro-pulse lidar and sun-photometer over KAUST observation site
Authors: Lopatin Anton , Dubovik Oleg , Stenchikov Georgiy , Welton Ellsworth J. , Shevchenko Illia , Fuertes David , Herreras-Giralda Marcos , Lapyonok Tatsiana , Smirnov Alexander
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study focuses on comparison of aerosol columnar AOD and Lidar Ratios together with vertical profiles of aerosol extinction and backscatter at 532 nm retrieved over the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) campus observation site for a period of 2019–2022 using GRASP and MPLNET approaches. An emphasis is made on independent analysis of daylight and nighttime retrievals to estimate how strongly the differences in assumptions of both methods made in absence of nighttime AOD observations influence the retrieval results. Additionally, two aerosol products provided by GRASP excluding and including the volume depolarization observations at 532 nm provided by MPLNET are analyzed to estimate the potential benefits of usage of depolarization data in aerosol profile retrievals. In overall, both columnar and vertical MPLNET and GRASP products demonstrated a better agreement for day-time retrievals for the GRASP product excluding the depolarization information. At the same time, inclusion of the volume depolarization observations improved the agreement between MPLNET and GRASP estimated values at nighttime, both columnar and vertical. In addition, estimated values of daytime extinction profiles at a ground level were compared to assess the impact of assumptions of constant aerosol vertical distribution in the cut-off zone of lidar observations implied in GRASP. The values estimated by GRASP demonstrated a good agreement with MPLNET, both for retrievals including and excluding volume depolarization information. A seasonal variability of diurnal cycle of aerosol properties estimated by GRASP over KAUST site for the period 2019–2022 is presented, analyzed and discussed.
IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
Authors: Cheng Lijing , Pan Yuying , Tan Zhetao , Zheng Huayi , Zhu Yujing , Wei Wangxu , Du Juan , Yuan Huifeng , Li Guancheng , Ye Hanlin , Gouretski Viktor , Li Yuanlong , Trenberth Kevin , Abraham John , Jin Yuchun , Reseghetti Franco , Lin Xiaopei , Zhang Bing , Chen Gengxin , Mann Michael , Zhu Jiang
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ocean observational gridded products are vital for climate monitoring, ocean and climate research, model evaluation, and supporting climate mitigation and adaptation measures. This paper describes the 4th version of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAPv4) ocean temperature and ocean heat content (OHC) objective analysis product. It accounts for recent developments in quality control (QC) procedures, climatology, bias correction, vertical and horizontal interpolation, and mapping and is available for the upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more reliable after ~1957) for monthly and 1° × 1° temporal and spatial resolutions. The IAPv4 is compared with the previous version, IAPv3, and to the other data products, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and satellite observations. It has a slightly stronger long-term upper 2000 m OHC increase than IAPv3 for 1955–2023, mainly because of newly developed bias corrections. IAPv4 OHC 0–2000 m trend is also higher during 2005–2023 than IAPv3. The first level of IAPv4 is consistent with independent SST datasets. The month-to-month OHC variability for IAPv4 is desirably less than IAPv3 and other OHC products investigated in this study; annual variations are consistent with the net energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere, and the sea level budget can be closed within uncertainty. The gridded product is freely accessible at: http://dx.doi.org/10.12157/IOCAS.20240117.002 for temperature data (Cheng et al., 2024a) and http://dx.doi.org/10.12157/IOCAS.20240117.001 for ocean heat content data (Cheng et al., 2024b).
ibicus: a new open-source Python package and comprehensive interface for statistical bias adjustment and evaluation in climate modelling (v1.0.1)
Authors: Spuler Fiona Raphaela , Wessel Jakob Benjamin , Comyn-Platt Edward , Varndell James , Cagnazzo Chiara
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Statistical bias adjustment is commonly applied to climate models before using their results in impact studies. However, different methods based on a distributional mapping between observational and model data can change the simulated trends as well as the spatiotemporal and inter-variable consistency of the model, and are prone to misuse if not evaluated thoroughly. Despite the importance of these fundamental issues, researchers who apply bias adjustment currently do not have the tools at hand to compare different methods or evaluate the results sufficiently to detect possible distortions. Because of this, widespread practice in statistical bias adjustment is not aligned with recommendations from the academic literature. To address the practical issues impeding this, we introduce ibicus, an open-source Python package for the implementation of eight different peer-reviewed and widely used bias adjustment methods in a common framework and their comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation framework introduced in ibicus allows the user to analyse changes to the marginal, spatiotemporal and inter-variable structure of user-defined climate indices and distributional properties as well as any alteration of the climate change trend simulated in the model. Applying ibicus in a case study over the Mediterranean region using seven CMIP6 global circulation models, this study finds that the most appropriate bias adjustment method depends on the variable and impact studied, and that even methods that aim to preserve the climate change trend can modify it. These findings highlight the importance of use-case-specific selection of the method and the need for a rigorous evaluation of results when applying statistical bias adjustment.
METAMORPHOSIS: A DIGITAL APPROACH TO TRANSFORMING COMMUNITIES THROUGH PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND METAVERSE
Authors: Abramov N. , Lankegowda H. , Liu S. , Barazzetti L. , Beltracchi C. , Ruttico P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This research employs a digital strategy to counter rural population decline and urban migration by integrating drone photogrammetry, metaverse, and blockchain technology. The focus is creating detailed 3D models of the settlements, which are subsequently optimized for metaverse platforms such as Voxels and Mona. Voxels facilitates participatory design, utilizing voxel parcels and Rhino- Grasshopper to involve all the stakeholders for renovation design work. Mona transforms parameterized projects into an immersive virtual experience, fuelled by blockchain technology, providing non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces and economic transitions. These virtual and real realms serve purposes such as decision-making, cultural preservation, economy generation, and virtual tourism, fostering rural revival, virtual economy, and digital representation of real-world environments.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND HAND-HELD MOBILE MAPPING FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF BUILT HERITAGE
Authors: Conti A. , Pagliaricci G. , Bonora V. , Tucci G.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The increasing demand for 3D digital models has spurred the rapid evolution of technologies to acquire, process, and disseminate 3D data of physical artifacts. Current scanners meet building surveying needs, prompting the exploration of closed systems with multiple sensors, custom accessories, control systems, and varied data processing approaches. While efficient in specific conditions, these systems require careful consideration of factors like technical requirements, environmental conditions, and the intended use of the final model. This article compares a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and a portable mobile mapping system (PMMS) for documenting built heritage, focusing on the City Hall of Montecatini Terme in Italy. The Leica Geosystems RTC360 scanner provides quick scanning times and pre-alignment during fieldwork, reducing post-processing efforts. The Leica BLK2GO, belonging to the PMMS family, utilizes laser SLAM, visual SLAM, and inertial IMU measurements for rapid large-area documentation. The comparison assesses accuracy, completeness, and detail recognition, revealing that both systems are suitable for heritage documentation requiring centimetre-level accuracy. However, differences in point density and roughness indicate that the RTC360 may be better for intricate details. The BLK2GO excels in efficiency but is more oriented toward general representations at the architectural scale. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating different methodologies based on project objectives and desired levels of detail, providing insights into the strengths and limitations of each system for diverse applications in heritage documentation.