bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing music‐ and food‐evoked autobiographical memories in young and older adults: A diary study
Authors: Jakubowski Kelly , Belfi Amy M. , Kvavilashvili Lia , Ely Abbigail , Gill Mark , Herbert Gemma
Published: February 2023

Previous research has found that music brings back more vivid and emotional autobiographical memories than various other retrieval cues. However, such studies have often been low in ecological validity and constrained by relatively limited cue selection and predominantly young adult samples. Here, we compared music to food as cues for autobiographical memories in everyday life in young and older adults. In two separate four‐day periods, 39 younger (ages 18–34) and 39 older (ages 60–77) adults recorded their music‐ and food‐evoked autobiographical memories in paper diaries. Across both age groups, music triggered more frequent autobiographical memories, a greater proportion of involuntary memories, and memories rated as more personally important in comparison to food cues. Age differences impacted music‐ and food‐evoked memories similarly, with older adults consistently recalling older and less specific memories, which they rated as more positive, vivid, and rehearsed. However, young and older adults did not differ in the number or involuntary nature of their recorded memories. This work represents an important step in understanding the phenomenology of naturally occurring music‐evoked autobiographical memories across adulthood and provides new insights into how and why music may be a more effective trigger for personally valued memories than certain other everyday cues.
Optimization of cancer immunotherapy on the basis of programmed death ligand‐1 distribution and function
Authors: Zou Wei , Luo Xin , Gao Mengyuan , Yu Chang , Wan Xueting , Yu Suyun , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Aiyun , Fenical William , Wei Zhonghong , Zhao Yang , Lu Yin
Published: February 2023

Programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) immune checkpoint blockade as a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy has shown unprecedented positive outcomes in the clinic. However, the overall effectiveness of PD‐L1 antibody is less than expected. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that PD‐L1 is widely distributed and expressed not only on the cell membrane but also on the inside of the cells as well as on the extracellular vesicles secreted by tumour cells. Both endogenous and exogenous PD‐L1 play significant roles in influencing the therapeutic effect of anti‐tumour immunity. Herein, we mainly focused on the distribution and function of PD‐L1 and further summarized the potential targeted therapeutic strategies. More importantly, in addition to taking the overall expression abundance of PD‐L1 as a predictive indicator for selecting corresponding PD‐1/PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we also proposed that personalized combination therapies based on the different distribution of PD‐L1 are worth attention to achieve more efficient and effective therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc
Language and reading impairments are associated with increased prevalence of non‐right‐handedness
Authors: Abbondanza Filippo , Dale Philip S. , Wang Carol A. , Hayiou‐Thomas Marianna E. , Toseeb Umar , Koomar Tanner S. , Wigg Karen G. , Feng Yu , Price Kaitlyn M. , Kerr Elizabeth N. , Guger Sharon L. , Lovett Maureen W. , Strug Lisa J. , van Bergen Elsje , Dolan Conor V. , Tomblin J. Bruce , Moll Kristina , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Neuhoff Nina , Warnke Andreas , Fisher Simon E. , Barr Cathy L. , Michaelson Jacob J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Snowling Margaret J. , Hulme Charles , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Pennell Craig E. , Newbury Dianne F. , Stein John , Talcott Joel B. , Bishop Dorothy V. M. , Paracchini Silvia
Published: February 2023

Handedness has been studied for association with language‐related disorders because of its link with language hemispheric dominance. No clear pattern has emerged, possibly because of small samples, publication bias, and heterogeneous criteria across studies. Non‐right‐handedness (NRH) frequency was assessed in N = 2503 cases with reading and/or language impairment and N = 4316 sex‐matched controls identified from 10 distinct cohorts (age range 6–19 years old; European ethnicity) using a priori set criteria. A meta‐analysis (Ncases = 1994) showed elevated NRH % in individuals with language/reading impairment compared with controls (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.06–1.39, p = .01). The association between reading/language impairments and NRH could result from shared pathways underlying brain lateralization, handedness, and cognitive functions.
Rigorous theory‐based intervention research is the bold action needed to address oral health disparities and inequities
Authors: Riddle Melissa , Rice Elise
Published: February 2023

The Consensus Statement about behavioral and social sciences in oral health encourages future research to draw on testable theories that specify causal pathways that reflect the complex nature of oral health. In this commentary, we amplify the importance of explicit and well‐specified theory in oral health intervention research, acknowledging that problematic use of theory has limited its utility in developing effective public health interventions. Also, we affirm the need to focus on determinants of oral health—and health inequities—most likely to drive meaningful change, and to understand the causal pathways that connect drivers of change from the individual to the global level. We view theory‐based, causal mechanisms research as a powerful approach to building successful public health interventions, and suggest resources to inspire such research, including exemplary studies, methodologies, and collaborative initiatives that facilitate strong theory‐based public health research.
Behavioural and social oral health intervention research: Looking to the future
Authors: Borrelli Belinda
Published: February 2023

Behavioural and social oral health intervention has made great strides in intervention development and testing. Future research should focus on applying successful methods and interventions of disciplines outside oral health to oral health research and practice as well as focus on raising the visibility of oral health research by applying our established methods and interventions to outside domains. Behavioural and social oral health is strategically positioned to be a leader across several research domains, perhaps most prominently in digital health, disparities and developing and testing theories and frameworks, given the progress that has already been made, and significant investment in these areas from funders like the National Institute for Craniofacial Research.
Cytohistological correlation and risk stratification of salivary gland lesions using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: A tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Tewari Prerna , Nigam Jitendra Singh , Bharti Shreekant , Surabhi  , Sinha Ruchi , Bhadani Punam Prasad
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Salivary gland neoplasms account for approximately 5% of head and neck tumours. The cytomorphology of fine needle aspiration material helps determine the preoperative assessment and risk stratification. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was developed to improve communication between the laboratory and treatment provider.

Aims and objective

In the present study, we stratified all salivary gland lesions according to the MSRSGC and evaluated each category's concordance and risk of malignancy (ROM).

Materials and methods

This was a 5 year retrospective study. First, all cases were assigned to one of the six MSRSGC categories. Then, following cytohistological correlation, the concordance rates and ROM were calculated based on the final histopathology report.

Results

A total of 354 cases were identified, with ages ranging from 2 to 88 years and the commonest age group was the 3rd to 4th decades. Categories I, II, III, IVA, IVB, V, and VI comprised 5.37% (19/354), 26.84% (95/354), 1.13% (04/354), 51.41% (182/354), 1.98% (07/354), 1.13% (04/354), and 12.15% (43/354) of the cases, respectively. The overall concordance rate between the cytological and histopathological diagnoses was 81.25% (65 out of 80 cases), with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at 43.48%, 96.49%, 83.33%, and 80.88%, respectively.

Conclusion

The MSRSGC provides a better objective and structured way to communicate with the health care provider. In our study, the overall concordance rate was observed in 62/80 cases, with maximum concordance seen in categories III, IVB, and V of the MSRSGC.
A latent class analysis of patterns of tobacco and cannabis use in Australia and their health‐related correlates
Authors: Lim Carmen C. W. , Leung Janni K. Y. , Gravely Shannon , Gartner Coral , Sun Tianze , Chiu Vivian , Chung Jack Y. C. , Stjepanović Daniel , Connor Jason , Scheurer Roman W. , Hall Wayne , Chan Gary C. K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The shifting landscape in Australia's tobacco and cannabis policies and emerging new products and modes of administration may increase experimentation and the risks of addiction to these drugs.

Methods

We analysed cross‐sectional data from the 2019 National Drug Strategy and Household Survey (n = 22,015) of Australians aged 14 and above. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct groups based on types of tobacco and cannabis products used. The socio‐demographic, health‐rated correlates and past‐year substance use of each latent class was examined.

Results

A four‐class solution was identified: co‐use of tobacco and cannabis (2.4%), cannabis‐only (5.5%), tobacco‐only (8.0%) and non‐user (84.0%). Males (odds ratio [OR] range 1.5–2.9), younger age (OR range 2.4–8.4), moderate to high psychological distress (OR range 1.3–3.0), using illicit substances in the last year (OR range 1.41–22.87) and high risk of alcohol use disorder (OR range 2.0–21.7) were more likely to be in the tobacco/cannabis use classes than non‐users. Within the co‐use class, 78.4% mixed tobacco with cannabis and 89.4% had used alcohol with cannabis at least once.

Discussion and Conclusions

Approximately 16% of respondents used tobacco or cannabis, or both substances, and no major distinct subgroups were identified by the use of different product types. Mental health issues and the poly‐substance use were more common in the class who were co‐users of cannabis and tobacco. Existing policies need to minimise cannabis and tobacco‐related harms to reduce the societal burden associated with both substances.
Indications and prescribing patterns of antiseizure medications in children in New Zealand
Authors: Ali Shayma , Stanley James , Davis Suzanne , Keenan Ngaire , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Sadleir Lynette G.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To determine indications and prescribing patterns for antiseizure medications (ASMs) in children by age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Method

This retrospective study searched the New Zealand database of ASM prescriptions dispensed to individuals aged 18 years or under during 2015 in three regions of New Zealand (48% paediatric population). Medical records were reviewed by a paediatric neurologist for indication. ASMs were grouped into old or new (1993 onwards).

Results

In total, 2594 children (0 to 18 years, mean age 11 years 2 months, median 12 years; 51% male) were dispensed 3557 ASMs for seizures (76%), pain (6%), headache (5%), mental health (3%), and movement disorders (2%). After 10 years of age, lamotrigine was more likely and valproate less likely to be prescribed in females than males. No sex difference was observed for valproate prescriptions for non‐seizure indications. Topiramate prescriptions increased in adolescent females. Prescriptions for non‐seizure indications increased from 7% in children aged 6 years or under to 31% in 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds. The proportion of children receiving a new ASM compared to an old ASM was greater in children from higher than lower socioeconomic areas.

Interpretation

Our results highlight a need for focused ASM teratogenicity messaging to clinicians prescribing ASMs for non‐seizure indications. In addition, to improve equity of epilepsy care, it is critical for health policies to consider socioeconomic factors that impact on ASM prescribing.
Mortality after transvenous lead extraction: A risk prediction model for sustainable care delivery
Authors: Narducci Maria Lucia , Ruscio Eleonora , Nurchis Mario Cesare , Domenico Pascucci , Scacciavillani Roberto , Bencardino Gianluigi , Perna Francesco , Pelargonio Gemma , Massetti Massimo , Damiani Gianfranco , Crea Filippo
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has become a pivotal part of a comprehensive lead management strategy, dealing with a continuously increasing demand. Nonetheless, the literature about the long‐term impact of TLE on survivals is still lacking. Given these knowledge gaps, the aim of our study was to analyse very long‐term mortality in patients undergoing TLE in public health perspective.

Methods

This prospective, single‐centre, observational study enrolled consecutive patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) who underwent TLE, from January 2005 to January 2021. The main goal was to establish the independent predictors of very long‐term mortality after TLE. We also aimed at assessing procedural and hospitalization‐related costs.

Results

We enrolled 435 patients (mean age 70 ± 12 years, with mean lead dwelling time 6.8 ± 16.7 years), with prevalent infective indication to TLE (92%). Initial success of TLE was achieved in 98% of population. After a median follow‐up of 4.5 years (range: 1 month–15.5 years), 150 of the 435 enrolled patients (34%) died. At multivariate analysis, death was predicted by: age (≥77 years, OR: 2.55, CI: 1.8–3.6, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as severe reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR: 1.75, CI: 1.24–2.4, p = 0.001) and systolic dysfunction assessed before TLE defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, OR: 1.78, CI 1.26–2.5, p = 0.001. Mean extraction cost was €5011 per patient without reimplantation and €6336 per patient with reimplantation respectively.

Conclusions

Our study identified three predictors of long‐term mortality in a high‐risk cohort of patients with a cardiac device infection, undergoing successful TLE. The future development of a mortality risk score before might impact on public health strategy.
Assessment of the validity and reliability of a novel dental trauma index
Authors: Kaval Mehmet Emin , Ateşçi Alp Abidin , Kurt Seniha Senem Miçooğulları , Boyacıoğlu Hayal , Eden Ece
Published: February 2023

Background/Aims

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are one of the most commonly encountered dental health complications. In order to standardize the evaluations and compare the findings of TDI, a carefully defined dental trauma index may serve as a good tool for the correct recording of dental trauma. A new dental trauma index, the Modified Eden & Baysal dental trauma index (MEBTI), has been introduced. It is an expanded index to record soft tissue injuries in addition to dental injuries. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the MEBDTI.

Materials and Methods

The archival data of 20 patients with different traumatic injuries were selected. A web‐based form including the radiographs and photographs of selected cases was created. Following a training session, 12 dentists with a minimum of 10 years of clinical experience were asked to score the cases using the MEBDTI on an online form. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the normality. The Kruskal–Wallis Test was used for intergroup comparisons. Inter‐observer agreement was investigated by reliability analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the agreement among observers. The Chi‐Square test of independence was used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two nominal variables (p < .05).

Results

The rate of correctly assessing the alveolar bone fracture was 96.9% followed by apex maturity (92.7%), root fracture (85.4%), luxation injury (76.5%), crown fracture (76.2%), and soft tissue injury (50%). Considering all parameters, the soft tissue injuries were statistically different in terms of the answers given by the 12 dentists (p < .05).

Conclusion

The accuracy of the scores of participants was high and in accordance with each other except for the identification of soft tissue injuries. In favor of this novel index, the data on dental trauma cases could be recorded practically and reliably.
High serum neurofilament light chain levels correlate with brain atrophy and physical disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Buchmann Arabella , Pirpamer Lukas , Pinter Daniela , Voortman Margarete , Helmlinger Birgit , Pichler Alexander , Maceski Aleksandra Maleska , Benkert Pascal , Bachmaier Gerhard , Ropele Stefan , Reindl Markus , Leppert David , Kuhle Jens , Enzinger Christian , Khalil Michael
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a promising biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). In cross‐sectional studies, sNfL has been associated with disease activity and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes; however, it is still unclear to what extent in particular high sNfL levels impact on subsequent disease evolution.

Methods

sNfL was quantified by an ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) in 199 pwMS (median age = 34.2 years, 64.3% female) and 49 controls. All pwMS underwent 3‐T MRI to assess global and compartmental normalized brain volumes, T2‐lesion load, and cortical mean thickness. Follow‐up data and serum samples were available in 144 pwMS (median follow‐up time = 3.8 years). Linear and binary logistic models were used to estimate the independent contribution of sNfL for changes in MRI and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Age‐corrected sNfL z‐scores from a normative database of healthy controls were used for sensitivity analyses.

Results

High sNfL levels at baseline were associated with atrophy measures of the whole brain (standardized beta coefficient βj = −0.352, p < 0.001), white matter (βj = −0.229, p = 0.007), thalamus (βj = −0.372, p = 0.004), and putamen (βj = −1.687, p = 0.012). pwMS with high levels of sNfL at baseline and follow‐up had a greater risk of EDSS worsening (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Already single time point elevation of sNfL has a distinct effect on brain volume changes over a short‐term period, and repeated high levels of sNfL indicate accumulating physical disability. Serial assessment of sNfL may provide added value in the clinical management of pwMS.
Metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes in adults with epilepsy on modified Atkins diet
Authors: Leitner Dominique F. , Siu Yik , Korman Aryeh , Lin Ziyan , Kanshin Evgeny , Friedman Daniel , Devore Sasha , Ueberheide Beatrix , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Jones Drew R. , Wisniewski Thomas , Devinsky Orrin
Published: February 2023

Objective

High‐fat and low‐carbohydrate diets can reduce seizure frequency in some treatment‐resistant epilepsy patients, including the more flexible modified Atkins diet (MAD), which is more palatable, mimicking fasting and inducing high ketone body levels. Low‐carbohydrate diets may shift brain energy production, particularly impacting neuron‐ and astrocyte‐linked metabolism.

Methods

We evaluated the effect of short‐term MAD on molecular mechanisms in adult epilepsy patients from surgical brain tissue and plasma compared to control participants consuming a nonmodified higher carbohydrate diet (n = 6 MAD, mean age = 43.7 years, range = 21–53, diet for average 10 days; n = 10 control, mean age = 41.9 years, range = 28–64).

Results

By metabolomics, there were 13 increased metabolites in plasma (n = 15 participants with available specimens), which included 4.10‐fold increased ketone body 3‐hydroxybutyric acid, decreased palmitic acid in cortex (n = 16), and 11 decreased metabolites in hippocampus (n = 6), which had top associations with mitochondrial functions. Cortex and plasma 3‐hydroxybutyric acid levels had a positive correlation (p = .0088, R2 = .48). Brain proteomics and RNAseq identified few differences, including 2.75‐fold increased hippocampal MT‐ND3 and trends (p < .01, false discovery rate > 5%) in hippocampal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐related signaling pathways (activated oxidative phosphorylation and inhibited sirtuin signaling).

Significance

Short‐term MAD was associated with metabolic differences in plasma and resected epilepsy brain tissue when compared to control participants, in combination with trending expression changes observed in hippocampal NADH‐related signaling pathways. Future studies should evaluate how brain molecular mechanisms are altered with long‐term MAD in a larger cohort of epilepsy patients, with correlations to seizure frequency, epilepsy syndrome, and other clinical variables. [Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02565966.]
Triple Dufourmentel hexagonal flap for scalp reconstruction
Authors: Moreno‐Casas G. , Pereira‐González A. , Rodríguez‐Nevado I. , Narváez‐Moreno B. , Chaves‐Álvarez A. , Peral‐Rubio F.
Published: February 2023

Transposition flaps are some of the most commonly used flaps for reconstructing scalp defects. Limberg first described his rhomboid transposition flap in 1946. Dufourmentel flap was an improved version of the Limberg flap published in 1962 in which the base of the flap is widened to improve vascularisation. Transposition flaps are one of the best known and most widely used transposition flaps in reconstructive surgery. They have proven successful in different types of reconstructive and aesthetic situations as a full‐thickness random transposition flap. Combination of three Dufourmentel flaps to reconstruct hexagonal defects has not been reported in the literature. It is a modification of the triple Limberg flap, in which, after removing a hexagonal defect, we reconstruct the primary defect with a triple Dufourmentel flap. This flap is very useful for reconstructing large scalp defects as it provides a large amount of skin tissue with high viability; however, given its versatility, it could be used in other anatomical areas. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021 7:102544; Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 136:163–164; Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2020 28:17–22.
Feasibility and acceptability of curricula to promote healthy eating in the golden years
Authors: Roberson Lauren B. , Parker Kimberly A. , Ivanov Bobi , Hester Erin B.
Published: February 2023

Older adults are at increased risk for health‐related complications that are directly tied to nutrition (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Indicator definitions—Older adults, 2015; Nutritional risk among elderly rural midwestern women. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 3, 2000). This study developed curricula to teach older adults nutrition basics. The sample consisted of older adults participating in Senior Nutrition Program services in Kentucky. An in‐depth analysis of the feasibility and acceptability is discussed. Process evaluation focus groups revealed self‐reported knowledge gains related to reading a nutrition facts label, the ability to judge portion size, and greater awareness of grocery spending. Participants highlighted decreased calorie intake due to knowledge gains. Results offer practical implications for providing nutrition education to older adults.
Terrestrial surface stabilisation by modern analogues of the earliest land plants: A multi‐dimensional imaging study
Authors: Mitchell Ria L. , Kenrick Paul , Pressel Silvia , Duckett Jeff , Strullu‐Derrien Christine , Davies Neil , McMahon William J. , Summerfield Rebecca
Published: February 2023

The evolution of the first plant‐based terrestrial ecosystems in the early Palaeozoic had a profound effect on the development of soils, the architecture of sedimentary systems, and shifts in global biogeochemical cycles. In part, this was due to the evolution of complex below‐ground (root‐like) anchorage systems in plants, which expanded and promoted plant–mineral interactions, weathering, and resulting surface sediment stabilisation. However, little is understood about how these micro‐scale processes occurred, because of a lack of in situ plant fossils in sedimentary rocks/palaeosols that exhibit these interactions. Some modern plants (e.g., liverworts, mosses, lycophytes) share key features with the earliest land plants; these include uni‐ or multicellular rhizoid‐like anchorage systems or simple roots, and the ability to develop below‐ground networks through prostrate axes, and intimate associations with fungi, making them suitable analogues. Here, we investigated cryptogamic ground covers in Iceland and New Zealand to better understand these interactions, and how they initiate the sediment stabilisation process. We employed multi‐dimensional and multi‐scale imaging, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray Computed Tomography (μCT) of non‐vascular liverworts (Haplomitriopsida and complex thalloids) and mosses, with additional imaging of vascular lycopods. We find that plants interact with their substrate in multiple ways, including: (1) through the development of extensive surface coverings as mats; (2) entrapment of sediment grains within and between networks of rhizoids; (3) grain entwining and adherence by rhizoids, through mucilage secretions, biofilm‐like envelopment of thalli on surface grains; and (4) through grain entrapment within upright ‘leafy’ structures. Significantly, μCT imaging allows us to ascertain that rhizoids are the main method for entrapment and stabilisation of soil grains in the thalloid liverworts. This information provides us with details of how the earliest land plants may have significantly influenced early Palaeozoic sedimentary system architectures, promoted in situ weathering and proto‐soil development, and how these interactions diversified over time with the evolution of new plant organ systems. Further, this study highlights the importance of cryptogamic organisms in the early stages of sediment stabilisation and soil formation today.
Reclassification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to large B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement in an adult population
Authors: Hesius Eva A M , van Laar Lidia , Oosterveld Margriet , van Spriel Annemiek B , Scheijen Blanca , Leeuwis Jan Willem , Marres Henri A M , Groenen Patricia J T A , Stevens Wendy B C , van der Spek Ellen , van den Brule Adriaan J C , Hoevenaars Brigiet M , Hebeda Konnie M , van den Brand Michiel
Published: February 2023

Aims

Large B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL‐IRF4) is a new entity in the 2017 revised World Health Organisation (WHO) classification that was initially mainly reported in children. After identification of a 79‐year‐old patient, we assessed how often IRF4 rearrangements can be detected in adult diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) which have to be reclassified to LBCL‐IRF4 based on fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) for IRF4.

Methods and results

With FISH, we studied the presence of IRF4 rearrangements in 238 lymphomas that were diagnosed as DLBCL according to the previous WHO classification of 2008.

Conclusions

In addition to the index patient, an IRF4 rearrangement was detected in another five of 237 patients (2%). The immunohistochemical profile of these five IRF4 rearranged lymphomas was consistent with previous reports of LBCL‐IRF4. One case was recognised to represent transformation of follicular lymphoma rather than de‐novo LBCL‐IRF4. BCL6 rearrangements were found in two cases of LBCL‐IRF4; BCL2 and MYC rearrangements were excluded. Patients presented with limited stage disease with involvement of the head and neck in three patients, and involvement of the lung and thyroid in two others. This study shows that, although rare, LBCL‐IRF4 should also be considered in older patients and at localisations other than the head and neck region.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of isolated rear‐edge populations of a cold adapted butterfly, Erebia aethiops, in Britain
Authors: Gunson Lucy R. , Roberts Michael R. , Menéndez Rosa
Published: February 2023

Rear‐edge populations of cold‐adapted species are highly vulnerable to climate change, their adaptations maybe critical for the persistence of the species as a whole.

Using AFLP, we investigated population genetic diversity and differentiation of Scotch argus (Erebia aethiops), a cold‐adapted butterfly, comparing isolated rear‐edge and core populations in Britain, a relict part of the species range. We also examined genetic differences among sub‐populations and dispersal distances conducting a mark‐release‐recapture (MRR) study at the rear‐edge.

Genetic diversity was higher in the isolated rear‐edge populations than populations at the core of the range and declined with latitude, supporting the idea that current differences in genetic diversity levels across Britain are likely the result of historical range changes after the last glaciation.

Populations were genetically differentiated among regions, meaning that losing the isolated rear‐edge populations may prove detrimental for the survival of the species in Britain, as these populations are likely to be better adapted to warmer climates.

We found that the largest population at the rear‐edge is genetically robust, with gene flow among patches, likely maintained by males as indicated by the higher dispersal distances recorded for males in the MRR, but colonisation of empty patches is constrained by females' low mobility.

Our results highlight that isolated populations at the rear‐edge of cold‐adapted species should be considered of high conservation priority, as they hold higher levels of genetic diversity and differentiation which may prove to be key for the survival of these species under global warming.
Antioxidative and anti‐ageing effects of nucleotide‐rich yeast hydrolysate by modulating metabolites in Caenorhabditis elegans based on metabonomic analysis
Authors: Li Quancen , Li Na , Cai Wenwen , Zhang Haibo , Chen Zhixian , Gong Shiyu , Liu Bin , Zeng Feng
Published: February 2023

In the food industry, yeast was used to regulate food flavour and produce fermented products. In recent years, research has found that yeast contains amino acids, peptides and other active substances, but there was little research on its improvement of health benefits. In this study, the antioxidant and anti‐ageing activities of nucleotide‐rich yeast hydrolysates (NYH) were explored in Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model system, it was found that the lifespan, anti‐heat stress and anti‐acute oxidative stress were enhanced in C. elegans supplemented with NYH by up‐regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and down‐regulating the level of MDA and ROS. The mRNA expression level such as age‐1 and daf‐2 was significantly down‐regulated. In addition, the antioxidant and anti‐ageing activities of NYH were exerted mainly through tyrosine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glutathione metabolism metabolic pathways. These results showed that NYH had the potential of antioxidation and anti‐ageing, which provided a possibility for the development of yeast products as a functional food in food science.
Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression through machine learning identifies stomach cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Lotfi‐Shahreza Maryam , Nikpour Parvaneh
Published: February 2023

DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis. Here, by integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression and utilizing machine learning approaches, we introduced potential diagnostic and prognostic methylation signatures for stomach cancer. Differentially‐methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially‐expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) data. A total of 256 DMPs consisting of 140 and 116 hyper‐ and hypomethylated positions were identified between 443 tumour and 27 nontumour STAD samples. Gene expression analysis revealed a total of 2821 DEGs with 1247 upregulated and 1574 downregulated genes. By analysing the impact of cis and trans regulation of methylation on gene expression, a dominant negative correlation between methylation and expression was observed, while for trans regulation, in hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes, there was mainly a negative and positive correlation with gene expression, respectively. To find diagnostic biomarkers, we used 28 hypermethylated probes locating in the promoter of 27 downregulated genes. By implementing a feature selection approach, eight probes were selected and then used to build a support vector machine diagnostic model, which had an area under the curve of 0.99 and 0.97 in the training and validation (GSE30601 with 203 tumour and 94 nontumour samples) cohorts, respectively. Using 412 TCGA‐STAD samples with both methylation and clinical data, we also identified four prognostic probes by implementing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In summary, our study introduced potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for STAD, which demands further validation.
The characteristics and acceptance of Technology‐Enabled diabetes prevention programs (t‐DPP) amongst individuals with prediabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Teo Jun Yi Claire , Ramachandran Hadassah Joann , Jiang Ying , Seah Chuen Wei Alvin , Lim Suan Tee , Nguyen Hoang D. , Wang Wenru
Published: February 2023

Aim and Objective

As rising global prevalence of diabetes burdens an overstrained healthcare system, it would be prudent to employ primary prevention strategies. This review aims to detail characteristics of technology‐enabled diabetes prevention programs (t‐DPP) and the technology acceptance amongst prediabetic individuals.

Design

A scoping review.

Review Methods

Summative and direct content analysis.

Data Sources

Seven electronic databases—PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science—were searched from inception till 9 June 2022 for primary studies conducted on t‐DPP. Initial search identified 2412 unique articles. Removal of duplicates and irrelevant articles resulted in 58 full text articles screened and 17 articles meeting the eligibility criteria. There was no limitation to study type or year of publication, but language was limited to English.

Results

Common t‐DPP characteristics include physical activity (n = 17), diet control (n = 16), coaching (n = 12), social support (n = 9) and skills acquisition (n = 12). Technological acceptance of t‐DPPs were generally positive as participants found them useful (n = 5) and easy to use (n = 4), with majority of the participants interested (n = 5) and engaging well with it (n = 13). However, personal‐, design‐ and technological‐level factors were found to negatively influence t‐DPPs acceptance.

Conclusion

This review reported a generally positive technological acceptance. The result encourages remote delivery of diabetes prevention programs, offering researchers a guide to t‐DPP development. However, it also highlights the need for integration of behavioural change theories and socio‐cultural considerations, with gaps in knowledge amongst men and young adults.

Implications for Nursing

The success of t‐DPP can reinforce clinical advice and sustain health behaviours advocated by nurses. Involvement of diabetes‐trained nurses would enable continual risk assessment, monitoring and timely intervention to prevent diabetes and potential complications.

Reporting Method

PRISMA‐ScR checklist.
How much his or her job loss influences fertility: A couple approach
Authors: Di Nallo Alessandro , Lipps Oliver
Published: February 2023

Objective

We analyze the effect of job loss on couple's fertility within 5 years, in the United Kingdom and Germany. We contribute to the literature by assessing to what extent a man's and a woman's job loss is consequential. Further, we study the effects based on couples' income, earnings division between partners, parental status, and women's age.

Background

A job loss may decrease the couple's fertility as a drop in resources reduces parents' investments to devote to a newborn—or it may increase the risk of a new birth because a job loss reduces the opportunity cost of a birth, especially if the woman loses her job.

Method

We analyze couples from large population‐representative panel surveys in Germany (N = 15,029) and the United Kingdom (N = 15,932) containing yearly information about employment, relationship status, and fertility histories. We carry out estimates with linear probability models and inverse probability weighting methods.

Results

Our results show that men's and, to a large extent, women's job loss negatively affects the chances of birth, especially in the United Kingdom. The subgroups mostly hit are income‐egalitarian/female breadwinner and childless couples, with women in their mid‐20 s up to late 30 s in the United Kingdom; income‐egalitarian/male‐breadwinner families, with 35‐year to 40‐year‐old women and one child in Germany; middle‐income couples are relatively more affected in both countries.

Conclusion

A job loss makes couples less likely to have a child, particularly if the affected partner is a woman. The income effect jointly with other “unemployment scars” likely prevails on the reduction of opportunity costs of job loss.
Participation and enjoyment in Out‐of‐School activities during adolescence as predictors of activities in adulthood
Authors: Simpkins Sandra D. , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Liu Yangyang
Published: February 2023

This study examined associations between adolescents' participation in out‐of‐school activities and their participation in activities at age 26 (N = 1041, 50% girls, 77% White). More frequent adolescent participation in sports, arts, volunteer/community service, and religious activities increased the odds of participating in the same type of activity at age 26. Adolescents' enjoyment of activities partially explained the developmental continuity in activity participation. There was limited evidence that individuals' participation across different types of activities was associated. Finally, the diversity or breadth of adolescents' activity participation was associated with larger activity breadth at age 26. These findings suggest that adolescents' out‐of‐school activities help set the stage for participating in similar, but not different activities during young adulthood.
Black motherhood and the dual pandemics: The protective role of stable income on mental wellbeing
Authors: Ibekwe‐Okafor Nneka , Sims Jacqueline , Curenton Stephanie M.
Published: February 2023

The dual pandemic (racial discrimination and COVID‐19) has contributed to mental health disparities across various social identities. Black mothers, in particular, have shouldered the heightened stresses of being Black and female during a time of immense anti‐Black racism and societal pressures to assume caretaking roles at the expense of, or in addition to, other financial obligations. Thus, this study examines the relationship between COVID‐19 related financial difficulties, racial discrimination, and the protective role of stable income on Black mothers’ (N = 949) mental wellbeing (i.e., anxiety, depression, loneliness, and stress). Using regression analyses, we find that financial difficulties and experiences of racial discrimination along with related concerns for children are associated with higher rates of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and stress. Moderation analyses suggest that at the highest level of financial difficulties, stable income can serve as a protective factor for anxiety. However, the study found no significant interactions between financial difficulties and experiences of racial discrimination or related concern for children. Implications for short‐and long‐term social policies are discussed.
Misdiagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Avcu Gulhadiye , Arslan Asli , Arslan Sema Y , Sahbudak Bal Zumrut , Turan Caner , Ersayoglu Irem , Cebeci Kubra , Kurugol Zafer , Ozkinay Ferda
Published: February 2023

Aims

As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) maintains its importance in the differential diagnosis of common febrile diseases. MIS‐C should be promptly diagnosed because corticosteroid and/or intravenous immunoglobulin treatment can prevent severe clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate clinical presentation, diagnostic parameters and management of MIS‐C and compare its clinical features to those of common febrile disease.

Methods

This study was conducted at a tertiary‐level university hospital between December 2020 and October 2022. One hundred and six children who were initially considered to have MIS‐C disease were included in the study. During the follow‐up period in the hospital, when the clinical and laboratory findings were re‐evaluated, 38 out of 106 children were diagnosed differently. The clinical and laboratory findings of 68 children followed up with the diagnosis of MIS‐C and 38 children who were initially misdiagnosed as MIS‐C but with different final diagnoses were retrospectively compared.

Results

We identified 68 patients with MIS‐C and 38 patients misdiagnosed as MIS‐C during the study period. Infectious causes (71%), predominantly bacterial origin, were the most frequently confused conditions with MIS‐C. Patients with MIS‐C were older and had a more severe clinical course with high rates of respiratory distress, shock, and paediatric intensive care unit admission. While rash and conjunctivitis were more common among patients with MIS‐C, cough, abdominal pain and diarrhoea were observed more frequently in patients misdiagnosed as MIS‐C. Lower absolute lymphocyte counts, platelet counts and higher C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, pathological findings on echocardiography were the distinctive laboratory parameters for MIS‐C. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, presence of conjunctivitis, high level of serum CRP and lower platelets were the most discriminative predictors for the diagnosis of MIS‐C.

Conclusion

There are still no specific findings to diagnose MIS‐C, which therefore can be confused with different clinical conditions. Further data are needed to assist the clinician in the differential diagnosis of MIS‐C and the diagnostic criteria should be updated over time.
Discovery of canine drug toceranib phosphate as a repurposed agent against human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiao Ling , Qin Siyuan , Weng Ningna , Li Bowen , Luo Maochao , Zhang Zhe , Zhou Li , Wang Dong , Huang Canhua
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. There are limited therapeutic options for those diagnosed with terminal HCC and therefore incorporating novel agents into standard‐of‐care regimens is urgently needed. In contrast to de novo drug discovery, the strategy of repurposing compounds initially designed to treat animals might yield substantial advantages in terms of efficacy and safety. Given the evidence for the clinical efficacy of toceranib phosphate (TOC) against canine carcinomas, we aimed to investigate its therapeutic effect on human HCC.

Methods

The antitumor effects of TOC were evaluated using human HCC cell lines and cell‐line‐derived xenograft models. Changes in autophagic response upon TOC exposure were quantified through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The role of TOC‐triggered autophagy was addressed via pharmacological and genetic inhibition.

Results

We demonstrated TOC exhibited potent antitumor activity against human HCC cells by stimulating apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by a concomitant increase in autophagic flux. Blocking the TOC‐triggered autophagy inhibited cellular proliferation and decreased tumour burden, indicating a protective role of autophagy against TOC‐mediated HCC cell death. This role played by TOC‐induced autophagy was further linked to the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway that could be attributed to the upregulation of Cyr61. Moreover, treatment with sorafenib plus TOC resulted in pronounced synergistic effects on HCC cells.

Conclusion

Our results elucidate a newly identified therapeutic potential of TOC in treating HCC, sparking a growing interest in repurposing such canine drugs for human use.
The invasion of tilapia in South China freshwater systems: A review
Authors: Yongo Edwine , Zhang Pengfei , Mutethya Eunice , Zhao Tian , Guo Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

Tilapia invasion has become a significant concern to ecologists and conservationists, posing severe threat to freshwater biodiversity. Many tilapia species have been introduced to China since 1957, with some having invaded freshwater ecosystems in South China. Accordingly, the present review examined the driving factors for successful tilapia invasion and their ecological impacts, information essential for practical management purposes. This review identified aquaculture as the main pathway spreading tilapias into the wild freshwater systems through their escape and release. Their biological and life history traits, including flexible habitat requirements, environmental tolerance, and generalist feeding are essential factors facilitating their ability to inhabit varying habitats. Biodiversity loss and habitat degradation further promote tilapia invasions by creating exploitable habitats for them, noting their considerable tolerance to degraded ecosystems. Regarding ecological effects, tilapias stimulate phytoplankton growth by increasing nutrient concentrations in the water column through excretion and bioturbation. Tilapias also depress benthic algal growth by promoting sediment resuspension, deteriorating water quality, and enhancing eutrophication. Moreover, tilapias cause the decline of native fish species biomass through competition and may threaten fish biodiversity. The findings in the present review suggest direct removal of tilapias can be a useful practice for controlling them. Furthermore, imposing regulations on tilapias introductions, efficient aquaculture management, and biodiversity conservation should also be considered in controlling and preventing the invasion and spread of tilapias.
Input price discrimination and strategic inventory
Authors: Matsuoka Toshiki
Published: February 2023

We consider a two‐period model with strategic inventory and explore the welfare implications of banning input price discrimination. We find that inventory incentive is stronger under input price discrimination. Under uniform pricing, an increase in an inventory of a firm equally lowers the rival's wholesale price. It expands the rival's production, suppresses the firm's output, and weakens the incentive. We also find that the weak incentive leads to higher quantity‐weighted average wholesale and retail prices. Therefore, allowing input price discrimination alleviates double marginalization and leads to higher consumer surplus and social welfare.