bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mass Media and the Policy Process
Authors: Russell Annelise , Dwidar Maraam , Jones Bryan D.
Published: September 2016

Scholars across politics and communication have wrangled with questions aimed at better understanding issue salience and attention. For media scholars, they found that mass attention across issues was a function the news media’s power to set the nation’s agenda by focusing attention on a few key public issues. Policy scholars often ignored the media’s role in their effort to understand how and why issues make it onto a limited political agenda. What we have is two disparate definitions describing, on the one hand, media effects on individuals’ issue priorities, and on the other, how the dynamics of attention perpetuate across the political system. We are left with two notions of agenda setting developed independently of one another to describe media and political systems that are anything but independent of one another.

The collective effects of the media on our formal institutions and the mass public are ripe for further, collaborative research. Communications scholars have long understood the agenda setting potential of the news media, but have neglected to extend that understanding beyond its effects on mass public. The link between public opinion and policy is “awesome” and scholarship would benefit from exploring the implications for policy, media, and public opinion.

Both policy and communication studies would benefit from a broadened perspective of media influence. Political communication should consider the role of the mass media beyond just the formation of public opinion. The media as an institution is not effectively captured in a linear model of information signaling because the public agenda cannot be complete without an understanding of the policymaking agenda and the role of political elites. And policy scholars can no longer describe policy process without considering the media as a source of disproportionate allocation of attention and information. The positive and negative feedback cycles that spark or stabilize the political system are intimately connected to policy frames and signals produced by the media.
Face Value: Facial Appearance and Assessments of Politicians
Authors: Carpinella Colleen M. , Johnson Kerri L.
Published: September 2016

The facial appearance of political candidates provides information to voters that can be vital to the impression-formation process. Traditionally, psychological research in the field of appearance-based politics has concentrated on investigating whether politicians’ physical appearance impacts perceptions of them. Recently, the focus has shifted from examining whether facial cues matter for impression formation to determining (1) which facial cues matter for voters’ perceptions of politicians and (2) how such visual cues are utilized within the political decision-making process. This shift in research focus has ushered in an appreciation of facial competence and physical attractiveness, and it has been marked by a renewed interest in studying how gender stereotypes impact the influence of politician appearance on perceptions of male and female politicians. In addition, this renewed interest in studying underlying mechanisms in appearance-based politics has spurred on research that includes a broader range of downstream consequences such as evaluations of leadership potential, voting behavior, and even basic political party affiliation categorizations.
Equality and Political Philosophy
Authors: Hirose Iwao , Segall Shlomi
Published: September 2016

Equality is an undisputed political and moral value. But until quite recently, political philosophers have not fully explored its complexity. The literature on equality and egalitarianism is vast, complex, and multilayered—with over thirty-five years of philosophical discussion. Specifically, there are three major questions to ask about equality. First, what is equality? This question can be unpacked into two sub-questions. Distinguishing first between formal and distributive accounts of equality, we may ask what the currency of egalitarianism can be. The article goes through currencies such as welfare, resources, and capabilities, showing their respective strengths and weaknesses. A second important sub-question here is: what are the relevant scope and temporal dimensions of equality? Among whom is equality valuable, and precisely in what time frame is it valuable?

This hints at the second major question, namely concerning the value of equality. Is equality indeed valuable, or are we confusing it with some other value, be it giving priority to the worse-off, or lifting individuals above a certain threshold of deprivation? The article goes through some famous criticisms of equality’s purported lack of value (e.g. the leveling down objection), explores some potential answers, and then examines the relative strength of equality’s two main rivals, namely priority and sufficiency.

The third major question concerns what the proper account is of egalitarian justice. In particular, setting aside the question of currency, should our conception of distributive justice be informed by responsibility-sensitive accounts, or rather be focused on a responsibility-insensitive accounts that moreover place an emphasis on equality of relations rather than individuals’ holdings? We explore this in the two final sections, one devoted to understanding luck egalitarianism, and the other to its rival, relational egalitarianism.
Jazz in America after 1945
Authors: Gennari John
Published: September 2016

In the post-1945 period, jazz moved rapidly from one major avant-garde revolution (the birth of bebop) to another (the emergence of free jazz) while developing a profusion of subgenres (hard bop, progressive, modal, Third Stream, soul jazz) and a new idiomatic persona (cool or hip) that originated as a form of African American resistance but soon became a signature of transgression and authenticity across the modern arts and culture. Jazz’s long-standing affiliation with African American urban life and culture intensified through its central role in the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s. By the 1970s, jazz, now fully eclipsed in popular culture by rock n’ roll, turned to electric instruments and fractured into a multitude of hyphenated styles (jazz-funk, jazz-rock, fusion, Latin jazz). The move away from acoustic performance and traditional codes of blues and swing musicianship generated a neoclassical reaction in the 1980s that coincided with a mission to establish an orthodox jazz canon and honor the music’s history in elite cultural institutions. Post-1980s jazz has been characterized by tension between tradition and innovation, earnest preservation and intrepid exploration, Americanism and internationalism.
Martin Luther’s Concept of the Human Being
Authors: Karimies Ilmari
Published: September 2016

Martin Luther’s anthropology, as expressed in his writings, consists of several elements. Luther often utilizes a three-part scheme, according to which a human being consists of body, soul, and spirit. This scheme is, to a considerable degree, derived from the medieval Augustinian and mystical tradition. This tradition sees the three-room Old Testament Tabernacle as a figure of the human person, in whom God dwells in the spirit. Luther’s most important contribution here is in locating faith at the highest and innermost place, in which the human being is in contact with God. The place of the soul undergoes development over time in his works: that is, whether the soul is related to the spirit or to the flesh, is part of sinful carnality, or is a neutral medium. Upon this tripartite natural composition Luther builds a bipartite distinction between flesh and spirit, which concerns the whole man as either carnal or spiritual. This distinction derives from Luther’s interpretation of Paul and Augustine. For Luther, the human being is at the same time sinner and righteous, carnal and spiritual. The spirit and the flesh experience the same things in opposite manners. The third component is the concept of person, which unites the previous two contraries into one subject. It reflects a mode of thought peculiar to Luther, in which mutually opposite and contrary things are brought together by Christological means.

The reader should also note that Luther’s anthropology often employs established theological terms, such as homo carnalis, homo animalis, and homo spiritualis. They refer to certain aspects of the person, not to the person as a whole. As Luther also refers to the whole human being as a “person,” the previous terms cannot be replaced by it without confusion. Because of this issue, the word homo in connection with these terms is rendered in English as “man,” but this translation is not meant to exclude the female gender, and it itself refers only to certain aspects of the person.
Apocalypticism in U.S. History
Authors: Sutton Matthew Avery
Published: September 2016

Apocalypticism has had a powerful impact on American life. It has fostered among adherents a strong sense of purpose and personal identity, it has helped them interpret the challenges they face all around them, and it has provided them with a triumphant vision of the future. Although there are many kinds of apocalypticism, in the United States, Christian forms have dominated. The Bible’s focus on a coming millennium has offered Americans the promise of transformation and redemption in a world that sometimes seems void of both. When Christians have emphasized the Bible’s apocalyptic and millennial visions, they have acted in new and important ways. Apocalyptic visions, rather than fostering a sense of indifference to the coming of the end of days, have served as a call to battle. God, millennialists insist, has given them much to do and very little time in which to do it. Positive that Jesus is coming soon, they have preached revival and engaged directly and aggressively with their culture. Sometimes their actions have served to reinforce the status quo, and at other times they have sparked revolutions. The uses of apocalypticism and millennialism are almost as diverse as their adherents.
Home Health Care
Authors: Kadushin Goldie
Published: September 2016

Home health care is professional medical and non-medical care delivered in the home (home refers to a private residence, an assisted living facility, or a group home) to assist ill, injured, or disabled seniors or adults remain safely at home for as long as possible. As the population ages, and the numbers of Baby Boomers age 85 and older increases, it is likely that there will be a growing need for long-term care, including home health care. In this article, the role of social work in home health care is reviewed as it is impacted by sources of payment and demographic characteristics of home care users. Social work assessment and intervention in home health care is also discussed with a focus on effective referral practices.
Species diversity driven by morphological and ecological disparity: a case
study of comparative seed morphology and anatomy across a large monocot
order
Authors: Benedict John C. , Smith Selena Y. , Specht Chelsea D. , Collinson Margaret E. , Leong-Škorničková Jana , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Marone Federica
Published: September 2016

Phenotypic variation can be attributed to genetic heritability as well as biotic and abiotic factors. Across Zingiberales, there is a high variation in the number of species per clade and in phenotypic diversity. Factors contributing to this phenotypic variation have never been studied in a phylogenetic or ecological context. Seeds of 166 species from all eight families in Zingiberales were analyzed for 51 characters using synchrotron based 3D X-ray tomographic microscopy to determine phylogenetically informative characters and to understand the distribution of morphological disparity within the order. All families are distinguishable based on seed characters. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses show Zingiberaceae occupy the largest seed morphospace relative to the other families, and environmental analyses demonstrate that Zingiberaceae inhabit both temperate and tropical regions, while other Zingiberales are almost exclusively tropical. Temperate species do not cluster in morphospace nor do they share a common suite of character states. This suggests that the diversity seen is not driven by adaptation to temperate niches; rather, the morphological disparity seen likely reflects an underlying genetic plasticity that allowed Zingiberaceae to repeatedly colonize temperate environments. The notable morphoanatomical variety in Zingiberaceae seeds may account for their extraordinary ecological success and high species diversity as compared to other Zingiberales.
Gene- and pathway-based association tests for multiple traits with GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Kwak Il-Youp , Pan Wei
Published: September 2016

To identify novel genetic variants associated with complex traits and to shed new insights on underlying biology, in addition to the most popular single SNP-single trait association analysis, it would be useful to explore multiple correlated (intermediate) traits at the gene- or pathway-level by mining existing single GWAS or meta-analyzed GWAS data. For this purpose, we present an adaptive gene-based test and a pathway-based test for association analysis of multiple traits with GWAS summary statistics. The proposed tests are adaptive at both the SNP- and trait-levels; that is, they account for possibly varying association patterns (e.g. signal sparsity levels) across SNPs and traits, thus maintaining high power across a wide range of situations. Furthermore, the proposed methods are general: they can be applied to mixed types of traits, and to Z-statistics or P-values as summary statistics obtained from either a single GWAS or a meta-analysis of multiple GWAS. Our numerical studies with simulated and real data demonstrated the promising performance of the proposed methods.

Availability and Implementation

The methods are implemented in R package aSPU, freely and publicly available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aSPU/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multivariate two-part statistics for analysis of correlated mass spectrometry data from multiple biological specimens
Authors: Taylor Sandra L , Ruhaak L Renee , Weiss Robert H , Kelly Karen , Kim Kyoungmi
Published: September 2016

Motivation

High through-put mass spectrometry (MS) is now being used to profile small molecular compounds across multiple biological sample types from the same subjects with the goal of leveraging information across biospecimens. Multivariate statistical methods that combine information from all biospecimens could be more powerful than the usual univariate analyses. However, missing values are common in MS data and imputation can impact between-biospecimen correlation and multivariate analysis results.

Results

We propose two multivariate two-part statistics that accommodate missing values and combine data from all biospecimens to identify differentially regulated compounds. Statistical significance is determined using a multivariate permutation null distribution. Relative to univariate tests, the multivariate procedures detected more significant compounds in three biological datasets. In a simulation study, we showed that multi-biospecimen testing procedures were more powerful than single-biospecimen methods when compounds are differentially regulated in multiple biospecimens but univariate methods can be more powerful if compounds are differentially regulated in only one biospecimen.

Availability and Implementation

We provide R functions to implement and illustrate our method as supplementary information.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fossils matter: improved estimates of divergence times inPinusreveal older diversification
Authors: Saladin Bianca , Leslie Andrew B. , Wüeest Rafael O. , Litsios Glenn , Conti Elena , Salamin Nicolas , Zimmermann Niklaus E.
Published: September 2016

Background

The taxonomy of the genusPinusis widely accepted and a well-resolved phylogeny based on entire plastome sequences exists. However, there is a large discrepancy in estimated divergence times of major pine clades among existing studies mainly due to differences in fossil placement and dating methods used. We currently lack a dated molecular pine phylogeny that makes full usage of the rich fossil record in pines. This study is the first to estimate the divergence dates of pines based on a large number of fossils (21) evenly distributed across all major clades in combination with applying the most novel dating method.

Results

We present a range of molecular phylogenetic trees ofPinusgenerated within a Bayesian framework using both the novel fossilized birth-death and the traditional node dating method with different fossil sets. We find the origin of pines likely to be up to 30 Myr older (Early Cretaceous) than inferred in most previous studies (Late Cretaceous) and propose generally older divergence times for major clades withinPinusthan previously thought. Our age estimates vary significantly between the different dating approaches but the results generally agree on older divergence times. We present a revised list of 21 fossils that are suitable to use in dating or comparative analyses of pines.

Conclusions

An accurate timescale for the divergence times in pines is essential if we are to link diversification processes and functional adaptation of this genus to geological events or to changing climates. Next to older divergence times inPinus, our results indicate that node age estimates in pines depend on dating approaches and fossil sets used due to different inherent characteristics of dating approaches. Our set of dated phylogenetic trees of pines presented herein provide the basis to account for uncertainties in age estimations when applying comparative phylogenetic methods, which will improve our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological history in pines.
Crystal structure of 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium chloride monohydrate
Authors: Abou Akoun , Coulibali Siomenan , Kakou-Yao Rita , Zoueu T. Jérémie , Tenon A. Jules
Published: September 2016

In the cation of the title hydrated molecular salt, C10H12N3O3S+·Cl−·H2O, the benzimidazolium ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.006 Å) and the nitro group is inclined at an angle of 4.86 (9)° to this plane. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric R
2
2(20) dimers and these are further aggregated through N—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds involving the water molecules and chloride anions. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions are also found between two parallel benzene rings or the benzene and imidazolium rings, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.5246 (9) and 3.7756 (9) Å, respectively. Analysis of the bond lengths and comparison with related compounds show that the nitro substituent is not involved in conjugation with the adjacent π-system and hence has no effect on the charge distribution of the heterocyclic ring.
Evaluating the marginal risk management benefits of the supplemental coverage option
Authors: Paulson Nicholas , Schnitkey Gary , Kelly Patrick
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the risk management benefits provided by the supplemental coverage option (SCO) insurance plan which was created in the 2014 Farm Bill. Specifically, the marginal expected utility benefits are compared with the potential additional subsidy cost introduced by the new program for a stylized example of a corn producer.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a stylized simulation model examines the preferred insurance program choice for a typical Midwestern corn farmer. The expected utility of the farmer is calculated under their preferred insurance program choice both with and without the availability of the SCO program, and compared to the case where crop insurance is not available. Scenarios are examined for a range of farmer risk aversion levels, different levels of correlation between farm-level and county-level corn yields, and case with and without insurance premium subsidies.

Findings

The SCO program is found to enter into the preferred insurance program choice for risk averse farmers. As risk aversion increases, farmers are estimated to prefer higher coverage levels for individual products along with SCO coverage. While the availability of existing crop insurance programs are shown to substantially increase the expected utility of farmers, the marginal impact of adding SCO to the crop insurance program is relatively small. Furthermore, the additional expected benefits generated by SCO are shown to include both risk management and expected return components. With subsidies removed, the estimated marginal benefits provided by SCO are reduced significantly.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper can help inform the policy debate for future farm bills as agricultural support programs continue to evolve. The results in this paper can also be used to help explain farm-level decision making related to crop insurance program choices.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by documenting a new, federally supported risk management programs made available to farmers in the 2014 Farm Bill and evaluates the marginal benefits the SCO program offers US crop producers.
“Thinking about drinking”
Authors: Farmer Siobhan , Porcellato Lorna
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions of alcohol held by schoolchildren using the “Draw and Write” tool, to inform the planning of alcohol education in the classroom setting.

Design/methodology/approach

A specifically designed “Draw and Write” booklet was used with 169 children aged nine to ten years (Year 5) across seven primary schools in a small Local Authority in North West England. Written responses were thematically coded.

Findings

Results demonstrated that the children had a good basic understanding of alcohol, including who drinks, where it can be purchased and the range of products available. Participants were aware that alcohol could be harmful and held mainly negative views. Findings suggest that alcohol education at this age is both appropriate and necessary to help children explore, understand and clarify their perceptions and misconceptions in a safe classroom environment.

Practical implications

The range and depth of responses from the children demonstrated that Draw and Write can be used successfully to explore children’s perceptions of alcohol. The tool can be used as a baseline assessment to inform classroom-based alcohol education for primary school teachers and those supporting delivery at local level, in line with national policy recommendations.

Originality/value

This paper adds to the existing literature on the use of “Draw and Write” in personal, social and health education, demonstrating that it can be used specifically to investigate children’s knowledge and attitudes about alcohol.
Parental interpretations of “childhood innocence”
Authors: McGinn Laura , Stone Nicole , Ingham Roger , Bengry-Howell Andrew
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Despite general recognition of the benefits of talking openly about sexuality with children, parents encounter and/or create barriers to such communication. One of the key barriers is a desire to protect childhood innocence. The purpose of this paper is to explore parental interpretations of childhood innocence and the influence this has on their reported practices relating to sexuality-relevant communication with young children.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 110 UK parents and carers of children aged between four and seven years were involved in focus group discussions. The discussions were transcribed and thematic network analysis was subsequently applied to the data. Following the reading and re-reading of the transcripts for meaning, context and content, individual comments and statements were identified within the data set and grouped to generate themes.

Findings

Childhood innocence was commonly equated with non-sexuality in children and sexual ignorance. Parents displayed ambiguity around the conceptualisation of non-innocence in children. Parents desire to prolong the state of childhood innocence led them to withhold certain sexual knowledge from their children; however, the majority also desired an open relationship whereby their child could approach them for information.

Originality/value

UK parents have a strong desire to maintain the social construction of their children as inherently innocent. This discourse is affecting the way in which they communicate about sexually relevant information with their children.
The power of appreciation: promoting schoolchildren’s health literacy
Authors: Kostenius Catrine , Bergmark Ulrika
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore Swedish children’s positive experiences of health and well-being, and their thoughts on how health literacy can be promoted.

Design/methodology/approach

Totally, 121 schoolchildren between the ages of 10 and 14 from three schools in two municipalities in the northern part of Sweden shared their lived experiences through individual written reflections.

Findings

The phenomenological analysis resulted in one theme, appreciation as fuel for health and well-being, and four sub-themes: feeling a sense of belonging; being cared for by others; being respected and listened to; and feeling valued and confirmed. The understanding of the schoolchildren’s experiences of health and well-being and their thoughts on how health literacy can be promoted revealed that appreciation in different forms is the key dimension of their experiences of health and well-being.

Practical implications

The findings of this study point to the necessity of promoting health education that includes reflection and action-awareness of one’s own and others’ health as well as the competence to know how and when to improve their health. Such health education can contribute to the development of health literacy in young people, an essential skill for the twenty-first century.

Originality/value

This study’s originality is that the authors added the concepts of appreciative inquiry and student voice to the study of health literacy with children.
Contextual location prediction using spatio-temporal clustering
Authors: Guessoum Djamel , Miraoui Moeiz , Tadj Chakib
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The prediction of a context, especially of a user’s location, is a fundamental task in the field of pervasive computing. Such predictions open up a new and rich field of proactive adaptation for context-aware applications. This study/paper aims to propose a methodology that predicts a user’s location on the basis of a user’s mobility history.

Design/methodology/approach

Contextual information is used to find the points of interest that a user visits frequently and to determine the sequence of these visits with the aid of spatial clustering, temporal segmentation and speed filtering.

Findings

The proposed method was tested with a real data set using several supervised classification algorithms, which yielded very interesting results.

Originality/value

The method uses contextual information (current position, day of the week, time and speed) that can be acquired easily and accurately with the help of common sensors such as GPS.
A model for contextual data sharing in smartphone applications
Authors: Pandit Harshvardhan Jitendra , O’Riordan Adrian
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a model for identifying, storing and sharing contextual information across smartphone apps that uses the native device services. The authors present the idea of using user input and interaction within an app as contextual information, and how each app can identify and store contextual information.

Design/methodology/approach

Contexts are modeled as hierarchical objects that can be stored and shared by applications using native mechanisms. A proof-of-concept implementation of the model for the Android platform demonstrates contexts modelled as hierarchical objects stored and shared by applications using native mechanisms.

Findings

The model was found to be practically viable by implemented sample apps that share context and through a performance analysis of the system.

Practical implications

The contextual data-sharing model enables the creation of smart apps and services without being tied to any vendor’s cloud services.

Originality/value

This paper introduces a new approach for sharing context in smartphone applications that does not require cloud services.
Measuring service quality in pharmaceutical supply chain – distributor’s perspective
Authors: Parmata Uma Maheswari Devi , B. Sankara Rao , B. Rajashekhar
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the services marketing literature by developing a scale based on Parasuraman’s SERVQUAL scale for the measurement of distributor perceived service quality at the distributor–manufacturer interface of the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review and discussions with experts, a questionnaire was designed basing on the widely used service quality measurement scale (SERVQUAL). Personal survey was conducted among selected distributors spread over three major cities of the Indian pharmaceutical market. The study used the exploratory factor analysis to identify the critical factors of service quality followed by the confirmatory factor analysis (AMOS 20).

Findings

A valid scale with four dimensions – (reliability, assurance, responsiveness and communication) and 13 items for measuring the distributor perceived service quality was developed which also satisfied all the reliability and validity tests. The findings of the present study indicate that distributor perceived service quality has an effect on satisfaction.

Practical implications

The proposed scale is an attempt to explore the less researched area. This study will give further insights to researchers to measure service quality at different phases of the pharmaceutical supply chain. The study is limited to three cities; it can be extended to other regions of the country. This study will be helpful to the practicing managers to measure the service quality and improve the performance in the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Social implications

Service quality in pharmaceutical supply chain is very important, as it directly effects the health of the people, so the proposed scale can be used to control the quality of service.

Originality/value

The scale developed in this study can also be used for measuring distributor perceived service quality in other manufacturing sectors. This research provides direction and scope for further research to develop new concepts and models in measuring service quality in the supply chain.
Organizational performance measurement by a framework integrating BSC and AHP
Authors: Yaghoobi Tahere , Haddadi Firoozeh
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Performance measurement, especially at the enterprise level, requires intense consideration of experts and managers in organizations from both theoretical and practical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the overall organizational performance by developing a performance evaluation model, based on integrating two methodologies of balanced scorecard (BSC) – a multiple perspective plan for performance assessment – and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) – a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The method was conducted in Isfahan Telecommunications Company (ITC), in 2013. In total, 27 managers of ITC were invited to participate. First, according to overall firm goals, key performance indicators (KPIs) were established with respect to four perspectives of BSC framework. Then pairwise comparisons were done, through standard AHP questionnaires, to determine the preference weights of each indicator and perspective and give precedence to them.

Findings

Organizational performance can be measured by the proposed model in a telecommunications industry. According to the adopted method, company KPIs, relative importance of BSC perspectives and performance evaluation of functional areas were identified.

Practical implications

This study provides guidance regarding strategies for improving organizational performance beyond the financial perspective.

Originality/value

Previous studies illustrate various applications of joint BSC and AHP. However, this study applies the integrated framework throughout an organization in a new application field and shows not only company’s features but also telecommunications industry features.
Millennials as luxury wine buyers in the United States?
Authors: Higgins Lindsey , Wolf Marianne McGarry
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Millennials have an interest in luxury and premium products across all types of goods, but little is known about how this translates into their preferences for wine. In general, Millennials are spending less per bottle on wine than older generations, but what are the characteristics of the subset of Millennials who are spending more on wine? The purpose of this article is to develop an understanding of Millennials’ buying habits with regard to higher-priced, luxury wines.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was designed and used to collect responses from 189 Millennial wine drinkers in the US. Statistical tests and a binary probit model were used to analyze the results.

Findings

The findings suggest that there is a subset of US Millennials that present a viable market for luxury wines.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited by the sample itself, as a relatively small, convenience sample of Millennial wine drinkers.

Practical implications

Wineries interested in targeting a Millennial crowd will benefit by recognizing that male, married Millennials with annual incomes of over $50,000 are more likely to buy higher-priced wines. In addition, findings suggest that traditional and non-traditional outlets for wine information are being used as these Millennials seek out information about wine.

Originality/value

While Millennial wine consumers are still developing their tastes, this is one of the first articles to isolate the Millennials who are buying higher-priced wines. This research sheds light on a potentially lucrative consumer segment.
Tribological properties and action mechanism of a highly hydrolytically stable N-containing heterocyclic borate ester
Authors: Yang Fu-Wang , Huang Jiang-Min , Zhang Guan-Jun , Zhang Chenxi , Sun Dong-Lan , Gao Nan-Feng , Yi Shouzhi
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The phosphorus and zinc contained in zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) caused severe environment pollution and catalyst poison. Thus, the phosphorus-free additive, such as borate esters, has become one of studying hot topics in the area of oil additive. However, the stability of hydrolysis greatly limited the use of borate esters. The purpose of this paper is to improve the stability of hydrolysis by synthesizing a new kind of N-containing heterocyclic borate ester (MTTDB) as a lubricant additive.

Design/methodology/approach

The tribological properties of novel borate ester (MTTDB) as an additive in the base oil were studied by a four-ball machine. The element composition and chemical state of the tribofilm were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings

The results showed that the base oil lubricated by MTTDB exhibited high hydrolytic stability, good anti-wear property and excellent extreme pressure performance. When 2.5 per cent MTTDB was added into the 100N base oil, the smallest wear scar diameter (0.46 mm) was obtained. Furthermore, the decomposed borate ester, organic sulfide adsorbed on the worn surface was detected, and S element reacted with the steel surface and generated FeSO4, both of which contributed to the formation of the tribofilm.

Originality/value

Based on N-containing heterocyclic compounds, for instance, thiadiazole derivatives, introducing nitrogen and sulfur elements into borate ester, a new kind of N-containing heterocyclic borate ester (MTTDB) exhibited excellent property in hydrolysis stability, friction-reducing, anti-wear and extreme pressure. This synthesized method would be helpful for the borate ester used as additive in engine oil, gear oil and other industrial lubricants.
Study on lubrication effect on motorbike chain transmissions
Authors: Palazzetti Roberto , Yan Xiu-Tian
Published: September 2016

Purpose

This paper reports on the findings of first of its kind to examine motorbike’s chain transmission, focusing on chain lubrication and its effect on the temperature, efficiency and vibrations of the transmission. The novelty of the paper is to investigate holistically the lubrication effect on the transmission by comparing its dynamic performances under three different lubrication conditions: chain not lubricated at all, chain lubricated with a spray polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) addicted lube and chain lubricated with a mineral oil at every minute of the test.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel mechatronic test rig has been designed and manufactured using a thermocamera, a dynamometer and an accelerometer respectively. The rig enables a multi-parameter dynamic and real-time sensing investigation of any motorbike chain system by recording temperature, transmission's efficiency and vibrations for any tests by. An experimental investigation has been conducted by running a chain under three aforementioned lube conditions at different speeds with the purposes of: (A) measuring the effect that each lube condition has on three critical parameters: temperature, vibrations and the efficiency of the transmission, and (B) identify the best conditions for practical use.

Findings

Results showed that proper use of lubricant can increase the efficiency of the system, by an estimated average of 4.1% is desirable. Additionally, using a continuous lubrication with a mineral oil lubricant leads to better transmission compared to the use of the spray PTFE from the efficiency and thermal points of view.

Originality/value

This work presents an experimental investigation on the effect of two different kinds of lubrication form motorbike chain on transmission’s efficiency. The findings are still valid for different applications of chain transmission in dirty environments. Novelty of the paper is highlighted as follows: this is the first work scientifically investigating the importance of lubrication on chain in harsh environments, particularly of motorbike chain. The work reports a comprehensive lete set experiments and analysis of thermal and mechanical effect because of the presence of lubricant has never been shown. Three kinds of lubricants have been used, and show their distinctive effects which are separately highlighted.
Effect of preparation process on elevated temperature tribological properties of composite polyurea grease
Authors: Shen Zujian , Geng Fei , Fan Xinxin , Shen Zhichen , Wang Haiyan
Published: September 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate and prepare the composite polyurea greases with excellent thermal stability and tribological properties.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, composite Ba-based (Ba, barium) tetra-polyurea lubricating greases were prepared with two different methods: mixing Ba-based gelatinizer and tetra-polyurea gelatinizer by a physical method; and introducing barium carboxylate into tetra-polyurea molecules by a chemical method. The properties of the products, such as heat stability, water resistance and friction performance, were analyzed with thermogravimetry, water-resistance test and four-ball friction test.

Findings

The results indicated that the products obtained by chemically introducing barium carboxylate into tetra-urea molecules showed better elevated temperature tribological properties, and the disadvantages of the polyurea greases with high temperature hardening were also obviously improved. The cone penetration rate at 180°C for 24 h is only 3 per cent. The friction coefficient can be decreased to 0.44 and the last non-seizure load value was increased from 560 N to 1,120 N without any other additives.

Originality/value

The research is significant because the prepared composite grease showed excellent performances, such as the outstanding thermal stability, water resistance and excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, which may be widely applied in steel, metallurgy, bearings and other industrial fields.
The role of servant leadership in fostering inclusive organizations
Authors: Gotsis George , Grimani Katerina
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative framework of servant leadership and employees’ perception of inclusion. The authors argue that servant leadership embodies an inclusive leadership philosophy that is in a position to facilitate feelings of belongingness and uniqueness among diverse employees.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model capturing the effect of servant leadership in shaping climates for inclusion, is developed. The authors elaborate on research streams focussing on climates for inclusion, and examine servant leadership as a potential predictor of inclusion. In this respect, the authors posit that inclusive practices mediate the servant leadership and inclusion relationship, while leaders’ inclusiveness beliefs moderate the servant leadership and inclusive practices relationship.

Findings

The model introduces mediating mechanisms that intervene in the indirect relationship between servant leadership and climates for inclusion. In so doing, the authors seek to identify how organizational practices supported through servant leadership behaviors address employee needs for belongingness and uniqueness. The model predicts multi-level beneficial outcomes for social identity groups.

Practical implications

The paper identifies a bundle of organizational practices facilitating employees’ perceptions of inclusion, by placing an emphasis on how servant leaders can enact and implement practices in view of attaining inclusiveness pursuits.

Social implications

Servant leadership is inclusive by empowering diverse employees and fostering equitable and more humane workplaces, as well as by being more sensitive to various societal expectations.

Originality/value

The paper is intended to explore precisely how servant leadership can help inclusive ideals to thrive in diverse work environments.
The important effects of national culture on the environmental proactivity of firms
Authors: Calza Francesco , Cannavale Chiara , Tutore Ilaria
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to verify if and how national culture affects firms’ environmental proactivity, by using a specific index: the Carbon Disclosure Score (CDS).

Design/methodology/approach

The study, an analysis of two linear regression models, examines how cultural values, measured by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research “should be” scores, affect companies’ environmental proactivity measured by CDS. Data about CDS derive from the Carbon Disclosure Project, which monitors Global 500 companies each year.

Findings

The analysis reveals that the values of in-group collectivism, performance orientation, assertiveness and uncertainty avoidance negatively affect firms’ environmental proactivity, while future orientation and gender egalitarianism have a positive impact.

Research limitations/implications

In spite of the limitations inherent in the indicator and the limited sample, the paper has some interesting implications. On a theoretical level, this study extends prior research in the field of organizations and natural environment, by examining the specific role exerted by national cultural dimensions on firms’ environmental proactivity.

Practical implications

From a practical standpoint, the study suggests that corporations and policy regulators should be sensitive toward national idiosyncrasies and formulate the environmental strategies according to the cultural values and contextual environment of the relevant region. Creating policies based on cultural values and adapting policies to a country’s culture can improve the effectiveness of environmental policies and raise individual and corporation awareness on the topic.

Originality/value

Most contributions consider environmental strategy at the national level. This study, instead, focusses on the effects of national culture on the environmental proactivity of firms.
A social role perspective on trust repair
Authors: Frawley Shayna , Harrison Jennifer A.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply insights from social role theory to trust repair, highlighting the underexplored implications of gender. Trust repair may be more difficult following violations that are incongruent with the transgressor’s gender role.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews research on trust repair, particularly Kim et al.’s (2004, 2006) discovery that apologizing with internal attributions is best for ability-related violations and denying responsibility is best for integrity-related violations. Propositions about trust repair are grounded in attribution and social role theory.

Findings

Trust violations may incur a bigger backlash when they are incongruent with gender roles, particularly for individuals in gender-incongruent professions and cultures with low gender egalitarianism. Men may find ability-related violations more difficult to repair. Women may find repairing benevolence and integrity-related violations more difficult. When apologies are offered, attributions that are consistent with gender roles (internal attributions for men, external attributions for women) may be most effective.

Practical implications

Gender can be a relevant factor in trust repair. Policies and training addressing conflict should consider how these differences manifest.

Originality/value

Gender role differences have largely been overlooked in trust repair. By integrating social role theory and exploring benevolence-based violations, this paper offers a more complete understanding of trust repair.
Applying a critical biography perspective to the work of Frank Gilbreth
Authors: Gibson Jane Whitney , Deem Jack , Einstein Jacqueline E. , Humphreys John H.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the life and work of Frank Gilbreth using a critical biographical approach to draw connections between his life experiences and the major contributions he made to management history.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is critical biography. First, a biography is provided that reveals critical incidents from his childhood, his early career before marriage, his life after his marriage and his key personality traits. Gilbreth’s major contributions to management thought are then considered in context of his biography.

Findings

Although Frank Gilbreth is recalled for his contributions to management history through his work in advancing efficiency through motion studies, he should likewise be credited for his foresight of management theories related to the human element in organizations. The major influences on Gilbreth’s career include Lillian Gilbreth and Frederick Taylor.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of critical biography is that researchers cannot address causality but, rather, are focused on drawing connections between life experiences and significant accomplishments.

Originality/value

Critical biography can illuminate theory and practice by providing greater clarity by examining concepts in depth and in context. The authors situate Frank Gilbreth’s work in the context of his lived experiences.