bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terror und Propaganda
Authors: Petersen Christer
Published: April 2016

Wie lassen sich Diskurse über politisch motivierte Gewalt analysieren? Christer Petersen stellt eine Perspektive zur Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs von politischem Terror und der Propaganda seiner massenmedialen Verbreitung vor. Methodisch entwickelt er eine formale Diskursanalyse, die es ermöglicht, medienwissenschaftliche Objekte mittels angewandter Logik möglichst exakt zu beschreiben. Methodologisch werden - im Rahmen einer selbstreflexiven Applikation formallogischer Verfahren auf Gewaltdiskurse - die ersten entscheidenden Schritte hin zu einer neuen medienwissenschaftlichen Disziplin getan und die Prolegomena zu einer Analytischen Medienwissenschaft vorgelegt.
Tanger
Authors: Haller Dieter
Published: April 2016

Das marokkanische Tanger war lange Zeit ein Ort der Verlockungen. Maler, Literaten und Lebenskünstler fanden dort alle Genüsse des Orients vor. Nachdem die »weiße Taube auf der Schulter Afrikas« für 30 Jahre aus dem Bewusstsein Europas verschwand, erlebt sie nun einen neuen wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Aufschwung. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches stehen die Bewohner der Stadt: Wie gehen sie mit den Veränderungen um und wie erinnern sie sich an die kosmopolitische Vergangenheit? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die Geistwesen, welche die Trancebruderschaften? Was hat es mit dem Ruf der Stadt als Ort der sündigen und sexuellen Erfüllung auf sich? Dieter Hallers Ethnographie zeigt: Es lohnt sich, Tanger neu zu entdecken.
Das Fremde in der Literatur
Authors: Mitterer Nicola
Published: April 2016

Die »Responsive Literaturdidaktik« nimmt von den derzeit geltenden Maximen eines literaturdidaktischen Diskurses ›nach PISA‹ Abstand und wendet sich grundlegenden Fragen des Literar-Ästhetischen zu. Nicola Mitterer betrachtet dabei die Literatur als eine Instanz des Fremden und zeigt: Die Gratifikation einer »responsiven Lektüre« besteht nicht nur in der Annäherung an die grundlegenden Fragen des Menschseins, sondern auch in der Entwicklung eines authentischen Denkens. Die theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Unheimlichen und dem Tod wird ergänzt durch drei »responsive Lektüren« zeitgenössischer Texte.
Testing monetary policy optimality using volatility outcomes: a novel approach
Authors: Ravenna Federico
Published: April 2016

We propose a method to assess the efficiency of macroeconomic outcomes using the restrictions implied by optimal policy DSGE models for the volatility of observable variables. The method exploits the variation in the model parameters, rather than random deviations from the optimal policy. In the new Keynesian business cycle model this approach shows that optimal monetary policy imposes tighter restrictions on the behavior of the economy than is readily apparent. The method suggests that for the historical output, inflation and interest rate volatility in the United States over the 1984–2005 period to be generated by any optimal monetary policy with a high probability, the observed interest rate time series should have a 25% larger variance than in the data.
Smart multifunctional nanoparticles in nanomedicine
Authors: Seleci Muharrem , Ag Seleci Didem , Joncyzk Rebecca , Stahl Frank , Blume Cornelia , Scheper Thomas
Published: April 2016

Recent advances in nanotechnology caused a growing interest using nanomaterials in medicine to solve a number of issues associated with therapeutic agents. The fabricated nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties have been investigated for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Therapeutic agents have been combined with the nanoparticles to minimize systemic toxicity, increase their solubility, prolong the circulation half-life, reduce their immunogenicity and improve their distribution. Multifunctional nanoparticles have shown great promise in targeted imaging and therapy. In this review, we summarized the physical parameters of nanoparticles for construction of “smart” multifunctional nanoparticles and their various surface engineering strategies. Outlook and questions for the further researches were discussed.
Controlled synthesis and characterization of nanohydrogels formed from copolymer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide)
Authors: Awadallah-F Ahmed , Abd El-Wahab Soad Y. , Al-Shafey H.I.
Published: April 2016

Nanohydrogels were prepared from copolymer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)/acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) followed by γ-ray exposure. Different molar ratios of AMPS to AAm, 100:0 to 0:100, were investigated. The particle sizes of nanohydrogels were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The effects of different comonomer composition and pH on swelling (%) and gelation (%) were studied. The characterization of nanohydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that particle sizes ranged from ~9.5 to ~39 nm.
Modeling early stage bone regeneration with biomimetic electrospun fibrinogen nanofibers and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Francis Michael P. , Moghaddam-White Yas M. , Sachs Patrick C. , Beckman Matthew J. , Chen Stephen M. , Bowlin Gary L. , Elmore Lynne W. , Holt Shawn E.
Published: April 2016

The key events of the earliest stages of bone regeneration have been described in vivo although not yet modeled in an in vitro environment, where mechanistic cell-matrix-growth factor interactions can be more effectively studied. Here, we explore an early-stage bone regeneration model where the ability of electrospun fibrinogen (Fg) nanofibers to regulate osteoblastogenesis between distinct mesenchymal stem cells populations is assessed. Electrospun scaffolds of Fg, polydioxanone (PDO), and a Fg:PDO blend were seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and grown for 7-21 days in osteogenic differentiation media or control growth media. Scaffolds were analyzed weekly for histologic and molecular evidence of osteoblastogenesis. In response to osteogenic differentiation media, ASCs seeded on the Fg scaffolds exhibit elevated expression of multiple genes associated with osteoblastogenesis. Histologic stains and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate widespread mineralization within the scaffolds, as well as de novo type I collagen synthesis. Our data demonstrates that electrospun Fg nanofibers support ASC osteogenic differentiation, yet the scaffold itself does not appear to be osteoinductive. Together, ASCs and Fg recapitulate early stages of bone regeneration ex vivo and presents a prospective autologous therapeutic approach for bone repair.
Urban Housing Policy Considerations: Perspectives from the Finnish Housing Market
Authors: Hannonen Marko
Published: April 2016

It is very difficult to study phenomena in housing markets using conventional so-called neoclassical economics. The core problem stems from the highly unrealistic assumptions of neoclassical economics, such as homogeneous products, equilibrium markets, ceteris paribus clauses, deterministic and linear systems, rationality of economic agents, and the utility maximization principle. New Keynesian economics appears to be a more fruitful approach to housing markets since it presumes that products are differentiated, markets are in disequilibrium state and there exists imperfect competition in a marketplace. Furthermore, new Keynesian economics utilizes the concept of bounded rationality, which is a more realistic description of the actual behavior of economic agents than the theoretical notion of rationality in neoclassical economics.
Heterodoxies in the Work of János Kornai: How Far from the Mainstream?
Authors: Kotosz Balázs
Published: April 2016

One of the most important synthetist of the practical socialist theory is János Kornai. In his works he tempted to describe the working mechanism of the socialist economy in actual practice.

The first part of the paper is to gather special keywords and analytical tools of Kornai’s description. As economist, the main tool is the description of demand and supply without the mathematical formalization of demand and supply functions, and without any Marshall crosses. Instead of them, the theory is based on quantity (stock, slack, shortage, forced substitution), on friction (caused by rigidity, resistance, and information asymmetry), and on soft budget constraint.

In the second part, we investigate if the tools and keywords correspond to economic streams. The first apprehension is that economy (either capitalist or socialist) is declared to be far from Walrasian equilibrium. The conservators of this “non-equilibrium” steady-state are the different forms of friction. The rigidity is one of the main keywords of the New Keynesian theory, surpassing price rigidity that was headstone of Keynes’s General Theory. Kornai attends to the adjustment of quantity (and not, or barely price), but he applies neoclassical analytical tool set (marginal analysis, comparative statics to separate substitution and income effect, etc.) in some (but rare) formal analysis. The soft budget constraint theorem determines the impossibility of neoclassical results because under those conditions the demand theoretically is not limited, but it is in reality. The removal of this contradiction requires devices borrowed from other social sciences.

Finally, the third part sets a question: the characteristics of Kornai’s description may be interpreted as the specialty of socialism (i.e. Kornai had no choice, the practical socialism has classical, neoclassical and new Keynesian features), or it is just his own logic that made his analyses such mixed. The answer is double. As Kornai did not take on the mathematical formalization of his theory, he had not to pin down himself to any theoretical economic school. His works about the socialist economy are decisively descriptive, as a non-market economy cannot be seen through the applied neoclassical algebra.
A New Economic Governance Model for Greece in the 21st Century
Authors: Passaris Constantine E.
Published: April 2016

The mission and mandate of economic governance in Greece and its accompanying institutional architecture requires a re-alignment in order to conform to the realities of the new global economy of the 21st century. Two recent events, one foundational and the other cataclysmic, have precipitated the need for a new vision and a new conceptual framework for revitalizing and modernizing Greece’s economic governance architecture. These two defining milestones are the emergence of a new global economy and the devastating consequences of the 2008 global financial crisis on the Greek economy.

This paper proposes a new conceptual framework for reforming the public administration in Greece that is congruent with the structural changes precipitated by the new global economy of the 21st century. The Great Recession and the contemporary jobless recovery provide the contextual narrative for redefining macroeconomic policy with regard to achieving good economic governance.

A new set of ten interactive and complementary principles for good governance in the 21st century are proposed. These governance principles should be accompanied with a modern institutional governance architecture. Furthermore, the structural qualities and resilient infrastructure of a revitalized governance model must be able to withstand the future economic shocks and interface effectively with the new global economy of the 21st century.

In essence, this paper sets a new economic governance agenda and designs the supporting governance infrastructure that has the administrative capability and the capacity to meet the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities confronting Greece in the 21st century. All of this, for the purpose of designing a governance infrastructure that interacts more effectively with global institutions; national, regional and local governments; economic, social and political networks; community and grassroots organizations and civil society.
Challenges of the Cultural Policies as a Sustainable Development Engine: Example of a Good Policy / City of Pancevo
Authors: Subasic Bojana , Opacic Bogdana
Published: April 2016

Reforming cultural policy in Serbia comes into a focus after year 2000. With delegating jurisdiction on the local cultural systems, because one of the ideas is that local government and experts can recognize needs, potential and capacities for local development more clearly and comprehensively. This work deals with the challenges of cultural policy as initiators of sustainable development, where the City of Pancevo has been selected as an example of a good practice. The first part of the text deals with challenges of cultural policy on national level. When it comes to cultural policy development on the Republic level, one can say that participants in culture in Serbia contribute to improving culture every year. However, for more successful cultural policy it is necessary to approach cultural policy challenges in service of sustainable development. Ranking all challenges leads to a conclusion that it is necessary to solve problems such as financing of the institutions, lack of a strategic thinking and insufficient inter-sector, inter -department and international cooperation. The second part of the text is dedicated to the City of Pancevo, as an example of a good practice in cultural policy and sustainable development domain. During 2013. with the support of the IPA fund cross-border cooperation program, the City of Pancevo accomplished Poles of Culture project. Within that project the Center for Study in Cultural Development conducted a research of cultural needs and habits of citizens of Pancevo, cultural institutions and citizen associations within culture. The third part of the text deals with the research results of cultural needs and habits of Pancevo citizens. They represent guidelines for improving the city cultural policy. The fourth part of the text is dedicated to the cultural policy on the local level and recommendations for cultural policy improvement has been given based on the example of the City of Pancevo.
Influence of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on serum uric acid level in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Zheng Yu-long , Wan Yu-feng , Xie Cheng-lan , Huai De , Wang Yi , He Yuan-qiang , Xu Chuan-qin , Chen Jian-hui , Zheng Dong-hui
Published: April 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and serum uric acid in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and identify the risk markers for successful UPPP in OSA patients.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 73 adult patients with OSA who underwent surgery (nasal or UPPP) at a major, urban, academic hospital in Huaian from 2011 to 2014 who had preoperative and postoperative clinical and laboratory profiles. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and PSG parameters were carefully recorded. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis of independent risk factors.

Results: Changes of uric acid (UA), changes of C-reactive protein (CRP), changes of triglyceride, changes of high density lipoprotein before and after UPPP were significantly higher in OSA patients with successful UPPP than in those with unsuccessful UPPP (p<0.05). Among these patients, multiple logistic analyses indicated the independent risk factors for successful UPPP in the OSA subjects included changes of UA and CRP before and after UPPP. The diagnosis analysis showed that changes of UA and CRP before and after UPPP had a significant ability to reflect UPPP success in the OSA patients.

Conclusions: The novel finding of this study is that the successful UPPP in OSA patients is strongly related to changes of serum UA level, CRP before and after operation. These results might be helpful for providing valuable information to reflect the effect of UPPP operation, regardless of UA and CRP before operation.
Chemically synthesized PbS Nano particulate thin films for a rapid NO2 gas sensor
Authors: Burungale Vishal V. , Devan Rupesh S. , Pawar Sachin A. , Harale Namdev S. , Patil Vithoba L. , Rao V. K. , Ma Yuan-Ron , Eun Ae Jo , Kim Jin H. , Patil Pramod S.
Published: April 2016

Rapid NO2 gas sensor has been developed based on PbS nanoparticulate thin films synthesized by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method at different precursor concentrations. The structural and morphological properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. NO2 gas sensing properties of PbS thin films deposited at different concentrations were tested. PbS film with 0.25 M precursor concentration showed the highest sensitivity. In order to optimize the operating temperature, the sensitivity of the sensor to 50 ppm NO2 gas was measured at different operating temperatures, from 50 to 200 °C. The gas sensitivity increased with an increase in operating temperature and achieved the maximum value at 150 °C, followed by a decrease in sensitivity with further increase of the operating temperature. The sensitivity was about 35 % for 50 ppm NO2 at 150 °C with rapid response time of 6 s. T90 and T10 recovery time was 97 s at this gas concentration.
Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured Ba-doped BiFeO3 porous ceramics
Authors: Mostafavi E. , Ataie A.
Published: April 2016

Nanostructured barium doped bismuth ferrite, Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous ceramics with a relatively high magnetic coercivity was fabricated via sacrificial pore former method. X-ray diffraction results showed that 20 wt.% Ba doping induces a structural phase transition from rhombohedral to distorted pseudo-cubic structure in the final porous samples. Moreover, utilizing Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ as the starting powder reduces the destructive interactions between the matrix phase and pore former, leading to an increase in stability of bismuth ferrite phase in the final porous ceramics. Urea-derived Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous ceramic exhibits density of 4.74 g/cm³ and porosity of 45 % owing the uniform distribution of interconnected pores with a mean pore size of 7.5 μm. Well defined nanostructured cell walls with a mean grain size of 90 nm were observed in the above sample, which is in a good accordance with the grain size obtained from BET measurements. Saturation magnetization decreased from 2.31 in the Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ compact sample to 1.85 A m²/kg in urea-derived Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ porous sample; moreover, coercivity increased from 284 to 380 kA/m.
Synthesis and electrical characterization of Ca2Nd4Ti6O20 ceramics
Authors: Muhammad Raz , Uzair Muhammad , Javid Iqbal M. , Jawad Khan M. , Iqbal Yaseen , Rambo Carlos R.
Published: April 2016

Ca2Nd4Ti6O20, a layered perov skite structured material was synthesized via a chemical (citrate sol-gel) route for the first time using nitrates and alkoxide precursors. Phase analysis of a sample sintered at 1625 °C revealed the formation of an orthorhombic (Pbn21) symmetry. The microstructure of the sample after sintering comprised rod-shaped grains of a size of 1.5 to 6.5µm. The room temperature dielectric constant of the sintered sample was 38 at 100 kHz. The remnant polarization (Pr) and the coercive field (Ec) were about 400 μC/cm2 and 8.4 kV/cm, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the capacitance (13.7 pF) and activation energy (1.39 eV) of the grain boundary was greater than the capacitance (5.7 pF) and activation energy (1.13 eV) of the grain.
Electronic and structural properties of rare earth pnictides
Authors: Bhardwaj Ramakant
Published: April 2016

In the present paper structural and electronic properties of rare earth pnictides have been presented. The present calculation has been performed using self-consistent tight binding linear muffin tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). The studied compounds undergo a structural phase transition from NaCl-type structure to CsCl-type structure. The electronic band structure and density of states of the pnictides have been reported. The equilibrium lattice parameter a (Å), bulk modulus B (GPa), number of f-states at the Fermi level Nf (states/Ry cell) and volume collapse of AmBi and CmBi have also been reported. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental results.
Plasmonic hot carrier dynamics in solid-state and chemical systems for energy conversion
Authors: Narang Prineha , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Atwater Harry A.
Published: April 2016

Surface plasmons provide a pathway to efficiently absorb and confine light in metallic nanostructures, thereby bridging photonics to the nano scale. The decay of surface plasmons generates energetic ‘hot’ carriers, which can drive chemical reactions or be injected into semiconductors for nano-scale photochemical or photovoltaic energy conversion. Novel plasmonic hot carrier devices and architectures continue to be demonstrated, but the complexity of the underlying processes make a complete microscopic understanding of all the mechanisms and design considerations for such devices extremely challenging.Here,we review the theoretical and computational efforts to understand and model plasmonic hot carrier devices.We split the problem into three steps: hot carrier generation, transport and collection, and review theoretical approaches with the appropriate level of detail for each step along with their predictions.We identify the key advances necessary to complete the microscopic mechanistic picture and facilitate the design of the next generation of devices and materials for plasmonic energy conversion.
Multifrequency sources of quantum correlated photon pairs on-chip: a path toward integrated Quantum Frequency Combs
Authors: Caspani Lucia , Reimer Christian , Kues Michael , Roztocki Piotr , Clerici Matteo , Wetzel Benjamin , Jestin Yoann , Ferrera Marcello , Peccianti Marco , Pasquazi Alessia , Razzari Luca , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Moss David J. , Morandotti Roberto
Published: April 2016

Recent developments in quantum photonics have initiated the process of bringing photonic-quantumbased systems out-of-the-lab and into real-world applications. As an example, devices to enable the exchange of a cryptographic key secured by the laws of quantum mechanics are already commercially available. In order to further boost this process, the next step is to transfer the results achieved by means of bulky and expensive setups into miniaturized and affordable devices. Integrated quantum photonics is exactly addressing this issue. In this paper, we briefly review the most recent advancements in the generation of quantum states of light on-chip. In particular, we focus on optical microcavities, as they can offer a solution to the problem of low efficiency that is characteristic of the materials typically used in integrated platforms. In addition, we show that specifically designed microcavities can also offer further advantages, such as compatibility with telecom standards (for exploiting existing fibre networks) and quantum memories (necessary to extend the communication distance), as well as giving a longitudinal multimode character for larger information transfer and processing. This last property (i.e., the increased dimensionality of the photon quantum state) is achieved through the ability to generate multiple photon pairs on a frequency comb, corresponding to the microcavity resonances. Further achievements include the possibility of fully exploiting the polarization degree of freedom, even for integrated devices. These results pave the way for the generation of integrated quantum frequency combs that, in turn, may find important applications toward the realization of a compact quantum-computing platform.
Crystal structure of poly-[tetraaquabis(μ8-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato-1κ3
O
4:O
6:O
8:2κ4
O
2:O
2:O
5:O
5:3κ4
O
1:O
3:O
5:O
7)(di-μ3-hydroxido)-pentazinc(II)] decahydrate, C20H34O32Zn5
Authors: Ma Fa-Xue , Zhao Dan , Yang Rui-Juan , Huang Min
Published: April 2016

C20H34O32Zn5, monoclinic P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4196(2) Å, b = 16.7276(4) Å, c = 15.4905(3) Å, β = 113.207(1)°, V = 1767.00(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.050, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.143, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of biphenyl-2,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid – 4,4′-biphenyl-4,4′-diyldipyridine (3/2), C49H34N3O8
Authors: Xin-Hong Chang , Shi-Hui Li , De-Guang Du
Published: April 2016

C49H34N3O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.0660(3) Å, b = 14.0604(2) Å, c = 14.8204(3) Å, α = 106.697(1)°, β = 100.308(1)°, γ = 102.378(1)°, V = 1896.46(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0541, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1258, T = 296(2) K.
Phytochemicals as future drugs for Parkinson’s disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shahpiri Zahra , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Hosein Farzaei Mohammad , Farzaei Fatemeh , Rahimi Roja
Published: April 2016

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills and cognitive performance. The conventional therapeutic approaches for the management of PD are just able to alleviate symptoms. Exploring for achieving novel substances with therapeutic benefits in PD patients is the focus of a wide range of current investigations. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively review phytochemicals with protective or therapeutic activities in PD and focus on their neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms. Various subgroups of polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignanes) and terpenes are the most abundant groups of phytochemicals with well-established antiparkinsonian effects. Other phytochemical categories, such as alkaloids, cinnamates, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acid amides, also have some representatives with positive effects in PD. Phytochemicals perform their antiparkinsonian effect through several mechanisms of action, including suppressing apoptosis (via the reduction of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, -8, and -9, and α-synuclein accumulation), decreasing dopaminergic neuronal loss and dopamine depletion, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (such as prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-κB), and modulating nuclear and cellular inflammatory signaling, elevation of neurotrophic factors, and improvement of antioxidant status. Plant-derived natural products can be considered as future pharmaceutical drugs or adjuvant treatment with conventional therapeutic approaches to improve their efficacy and alleviate their psychological adverse effects in the management of PD. Well-designed clinical trials are mandatory to evaluate the protective and healing benefits of phytochemicals as promising future drugs in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Atemzyklusgenaues Anästhesiegas-Monitoring
mit einer laserbasierten Raman-Sonde unter klinischen
Bedingungen
Authors: Schlüter Sebastian , Seeger Thomas , Popovska-Leipertz Nadejda , Leipertz Alfred
Published: April 2016

Die spontane Raman-Streuung ist ein exzellentes, nichtinvasives,
optisches Analysewerkzeug für die Identifikation und
Quantifizierung von Majoritäts-Spezies in
Multispezies-Gasmischungen. Der Effekt ist jedoch sehr schwach, bei
Umgebungsdruck dauert es typischerweise mehrere Sekunden bis Minuten
ein Gasphasen-Raman-Spektrum aufzuzeichnen. In dieser Studie wird ein
neuer Raman-Sensor vorgestellt, der in wenigen 100 ms
Anästhesie- und Atemgasspektren aufzeichnen und vollautomatisiert
auswerten kann.
Old Border
Authors: Benning Jim
Published: April 2016

The new Cross Border Xpress pedestrian bridge links the United States with Tijuana International Airport, allowing air travelers to cross the border quickly and easily. The facility includes airline check-in desks, an arrivals area served by taxis and Uber, and a duty-free store. In other words, Cross Border Xpress looks a lot like many U.S. airports, except the runway is in Mexico. The bridge just might be an apt new symbol of interconnectedness between San Diego and Tijuana—and a symbol of changing times and shifting perceptions on the border.
Re-Coding Planning
Authors: Hogan Mark
Published: April 2016

This article looks at the barriers to dealing with California’s housing shortage and addressing climate change which are built into the existing regulations that govern development across the state. The history of planning and building codes is examined, showing that contrary to popular belief many of these rules were not implemented for health and safety reasons, but rather to boost property values by promoting economic and racial segregation. The article argues that the only way to deal with California’s current challenges is to start over with a new set of regulations that promote denser development at lower cost and steer the state away from building more automobile-dependent sprawl.
The Boom Interview
Authors: Hawthorne Christopher
Published: April 2016

This interview with Los Angeles Times architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne was conducted by Boom editor Jon Christensen and Dana Cuff, a professor of architecture, urban design, and urban planning, and director of cityLAB at UCLA. Hawthrone is charged with covering new developments in architecture and urban design in Los Angeles and the United States, and thinking and writing about new buildings and how they might-or might not-change the way we live. More broadly, his subject is not just buildings, but the city itself, and how we understand it and ourselves. Hawthorne calls his big project “The Third Los Angeles.” Like no other critic in the land, Hawthorne has grasped the challenge of telling the story of a great city-its past, present, and future-while playing a prominent role in shaping the city's vision of itself, intellectually, creatively, and pragmatically. Hawthorne discusses the evolution of public and private space in Los Angeles, competing plans for the future of the Los Angeles River, freeways, housing, climate, and much more.
Antioxidant Activity from Various Tomato Processing
Authors: Iswari Retno Sri , Susanti R
Published: April 2016

Tomato is one of the high antioxidant potential vegetables. Nowadays, there are many techniques of tomato processings instead of fresh consumption, i.e. boiled, steamed, juiced and sauteed. Every treatment of cooking will influence the chemical compound inside the fruits and the body's nutrition intake. It is important to conduct the research on antioxidant compound especially lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and its activity after processing. This research has been done using the experimental method. Tomatoes were cooked into six difference ways, and then it was extracted using the same procedure continued with antioxidant measurement. The research results showed that steaming had promoted the higher antioxidant numbers (lycopene. α-tocopherol, β-carotene and vitamin C) and higher TCA and antioxidant activities in the tomatoes than other processings. It was indicated that steaming was the best way to enhance amount, capacity and activities of antioxidants of the tomatoes.
Exploration of Potential Actinomycetes from CIFOR Forest Origin as Antimicrobial, Antifungus, and Producing Extracellular Xylanase
Authors: Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Lestari Yulin , Wahyudi Aris Tri , Meryandini Anja
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to isolate and explore the actinomycetes of CIFOR forest origin as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, to produce an extracellular xylanase, and to identify isolates based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Actinomycetes were isolated using Humic-acid Vitamin-B agar (HV) media. Actinomycetes colonies that grow on the medium HV was subsequently purified by growing them on yeast malt agar (YMA) media), then an antagonistic test of selected bacteria against Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium sp was performed. Xylanase activity test was detected by observing a clear zone, followed by identification. Total of 35 isolates of actinomycetes isolated based on their colony morphology characteristics and diverse types of spore chains showed Streptomyces spp. of isolates CFR-06, CFR-15, CFR-17, CFR-18, and CFR-19 were able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus sp.. The highest inhibition zone has a diameter of 10.1 mm (isolate CFR-17). Isolates CFR-01 and CFR-15 were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli with the highest inhibition zone diameter of 5.1 mm (isolate CFR-15). Isolates CFR-29 and CFR-12 were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum while isolate CFR-35 were able to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium sp.. Xylanase activity test showed that isolates CFR-12, CFR-20, CFR-22, CFR-24, CFR-25, CFR-30, CFR-33, CFR-34 have an ability to produce extracellular xylanase enzyme. Actinomycetes isolate (Xyl_22) as a potential xylanase enzyme producer was closely related with Streptomyces drozdowicii by the maximum similarity of 99%.

How to Cite

Sipriyadi, S., Lestari, Y., Wahyudi, A., & Meryandini, A. (2016). Exploration Potential CIFOR Forest actinomycetes origin as Antimicrobial, Anti Fungus and Producing Enzymes Extracellular Xylanase. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 94-102.
Characteristics of superior soybean breeding lines tolerance to rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.)
Authors: Inayati Alfi , Yusnawan Eriyanto
Published: April 2016

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most important diseases which limits soybean production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 28 superior soybean lines and their tolerance to rust. The study was conducted at a screen house and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD); three replications. All genotypes tested were artificially inoculated with P. pachyrhizi, and a set of un-inoculated genotypes was planted as a comparison. Number of pustules was recorded weekly, and resistant criteria was rated based on the International working group on soybean rust IWGSR method. Lesion color (LC), sporulation level (SL), number of uredia (NoU), frequency of pustule which had uredia, and yield were also recorded. Among 28 genotypes tested, only one was categorized as resistant and 2 genotypes were susceptible. Resistant genotypes had few pustules, lower AUDPC values, low disease severity, and Reddish Brown lesion type. Soybean rust affected yield components, i.e. number of intact pods and yield per plant. Yield loses due to rust in this study varied from 5-89%, and the average was 51%. The set of lines from Tanggamus pedigree showed more resistant to rust but less tolerant compared to Sinabung pedigree.

How to Cite

Inayati, A., & Yusnawan, E. (2016). Characteristics of superior soybean breeding lines tolerancet to rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.). Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 47-55.
Depot- and sex-specific effects of maternal obesity in offspring’s adipose tissue
Authors: Lecoutre Simon , Deracinois Barbara , Laborie Christine , Eberlé Delphine , Guinez Céline , Panchenko Polina E , Lesage Jean , Vieau Didier , Junien Claudine , Gabory Anne , Breton Christophe
Published: April 2016

According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, alterations of nutrient supply in the fetus or neonate result in long-term programming of individual body weight (BW) setpoint. In particular, maternal obesity, excessive nutrition, and accelerated growth in neonates have been shown to sensitize offspring to obesity. The white adipose tissue may represent a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal obesity. In order to unravel the underlying mechanisms, we have developed a rat model of maternal obesity using a high-fat (HF) diet (containing 60% lipids) before and during gestation and lactation. At birth, newborns from obese dams (called HF) were normotrophs. However, HF neonates exhibited a rapid weight gain during lactation, a key period of adipose tissue development in rodents. In males, increased BW at weaning (+30%) persists until 3months of age. Nine-month-old HF male offspring was normoglycemic but showed mild glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercorticosteronemia. Despite no difference in BW and energy intake, HF adult male offspring was predisposed to fat accumulation showing increased visceral (gonadal and perirenal) depots weights and hyperleptinemia. However, only perirenal adipose tissue depot exhibited marked adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia with elevated lipogenic (i.e. sterol-regulated element binding protein 1 (Srebp1), fatty acid synthase (Fas), and leptin) and diminished adipogenic (i.e. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-Hds1)) mRNA levels. By contrast, very few metabolic variations were observed in HF female offspring. Thus, maternal obesity and accelerated growth during lactation program offspring for higher adiposity via transcriptional alterations of visceral adipose tissue in a depot- and sex-specific manner.
Solvatación preferencial de la naringina en mezclas cosolventes etanol + agua mediante el método de las integrales inversas de Kirkwood-Buff
Authors: Caviedes Rubio Diego Iván , Sotomayor Pino Reinaldo Gabriel , Delgado Daniel Ricardo
Published: April 2016

Los parámetros de solvatación preferencial, es decir, las diferencias entre la fracción molar local y de la solución de los solventes en solución de naringina se derivan de su solubilidad en mezclas cosolventes mediante el método de las integrales inversas de Kirkwood-Buff. Según el método IKBI, la naringina es sensible a los efectos específicos de solvatación según la composición cosolvente, por lo que el parámetro de solvatación preferencial por δx1,3, es negativo en mezclas ricas en agua y en mezclas ricas en etanol, pero positivo en composiciones entre 0,24 y 0,40 en fracción molar de etanol. Esto podría demostrar el papel relevante de hidratación hidrofóbica alrededor de los grupos no polares en la solvatación de fármacos en mezclas ricas en agua. Por otro lado, en mezclas de composiciones cosolventes intermedias, el fármaco es solvatado principalmente por etanol, posiblemente debido al comportamiento básico de la mezcla cosolvente; mientras que en mezclas ricas en etanol, la
solvatación preferencial por el agua podría deberse al carácter ácido del agua.
Determinación de hidroquinona usando un electrodo de carbono vítreo modificado con quitosano, nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple y líquido iónico. Posible uso como sensor
Authors: Scarpetta Laura , Mariño Adrián , Bolaños Karen , Leiva Yaritza , Castiblanco Paola , Nagles Édgar
Published: April 2016

La propiedad electroactiva de hidroquinona (HQ) se estudió sobre un electrodo de carbono vítreo modificado con quitosano, nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple
(Ch-MWCNT-GCE). La HQ se depositó a un potencial controlado sobre la superficie del electrodo y la oxidación de la HQ se midió por voltametría de onda cuadrada (SWV, por sus siglas en inglés). Se observó una corriente de oxidación a
0,39 V y una corriente de reducción a 0,21 V con un ΔV de 0,18 V; ello indicó un proceso reversible. Un aumento en las corrientes de oxidación y de reducción de casi 50% se observó cuando el Ch-MWCNT-GCE se recubrió con líquido iónico (LI). El electrodo se caracterizó por voltamperometría cíclica (CV, por sus siglas en inglés) en presencia y sin la presencia de diferentes líquidos iónicos con distinto anión,
siendo el más óptimo el líquido iónico (LI) 1-butil-3-metilimidazolio hexafluorofosfato (BMIMPF6). Se estudiaron las variables experimentales como pH, tiempo de adsorción (tads) y potencial de adsorción (Eads), así como también las potenciales interferencias. Bajo las óptimas condiciones (pH 3,0; tacc 60s; Eacc 0,10 V), el pico de la corriente es proporcional a la concentración de HQ entre 4,20 × 10-6 y 30,0 × 10-6 mol L-1, con un límite de detección de 2,45 × 10-7 mol L-1. La desviación estándar relativa para una solución que contiene 1,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 de HQ, fue de 1,5% para siete medidas iguales. El método se validó con una muestra de agua dopada con HQ.
Usos terapéuticos potenciales de los antagonistas opioides: Fisiopatología y evidencia preclínica
Authors: Nava-Mesa Mauricio O. , Téllez-Arévalo Angélica , Rojas-Kozhakin Daniel , Calderón-Ospina Carlos A.
Published: April 2016

El sistema opioide, del cual forman parte los péptidos opioides endógenos y sus receptores (Miu, Kappa, delta y ORL), tiene un papel importante en la fisiología de diferentes sistemas. Existe una creciente evidencia de su participación en la fisiopatología
de múltiples trastornos del sistema nervioso central, endocrino e inmunológico. La modulación del sistema opioide mediante el uso de antagonistas específicos o inespecíficos de sus receptores puede tener un papel terapéutico en el manejo sintomático de diferentes contextos, incluyendo la intoxicación aguda por opiáceos, la dependencia a opioides, y la reducción de reacciones adversas de agonistas opioides utilizados en el manejo del dolor crónico. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo
revisar la farmacología de los antagonistas opioides específicos e inespecíficos, y realizar una actualización de sus posibles nuevas indicaciones y usos terapéuticos.
Prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular en trabajadores de la industria. Asociación con el estrés y el trastorno del sueño
Authors: Martins Ronald Jefferson , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Cândido Nádia Biage , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Rovida Tânia Adas Saliba
Published: April 2016

Verificar la presencia de disfunción temporomadibular (DTM), trastorno del sueño y estrés, así como la asociación entre esos factores en trabajadores de una industria del Estado de São Paulo.

Material y Métodos Se aplicó cuestionario de Fonseca para verificar el grado de DTM; el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Sueño de Toronto (SAQ) para verificar la calidad y ocurrencia de trastornos del sueño; y la Escala de Reajuste Social (SRRS) para verificar el grado de estrés. Se tabularon los datos de la encuesta por medio del programa Epi InfoTM 7 y se los analizaron estadísticamente por medio del Test de Chi-Cuadrado, con nivel de significación del 5 %.

Resultados Participaron de la encuesta 104 trabajadores, la mayoría hombres     (74 %), con edad entre 35 y 44 años (26 %). Treinta y siete (35,6 %) tenían algún grado de disfunción, 65 (62,5 %) presentaron trastornos del sueño y 6 (5,8 %), grados más altos de estrés. Tras el análisis estadístico, no se observó asociación significativa entre estrés y disfunción temporomandibular (DTM). Sin embargo, hubo asociación entre calidad del sueño y el sexo del individuo con la DTM (p<0,01).

Conclusiones Se concluye que un alto porcentaje de la población analizada presenta trastornos del sueño y DTM. El sexo y la calidad del sueño influyen en la ocurrencia de la DTM.
Saving face during routine lifestyle history taking: How patients report and remediate potentially problematic conduct
Authors: Denvir Paul
Published: April 2016

Previous research has shown that lifestyle discussions (e.g. substance use, sexuality, diet, exercise) tend to be challenging for physicians and patients, in part because of the moral and normative concerns that these topics can engender. Patients who have problematic lifestyle information to disclose to their physicians may experience a dilemma: on the one hand, they may be motivated to disclose the problematic information so that their physicians can treat them appropriately; on the other hand, they may be motivated to withhold or misrepresent information that could serve as a basis for unflattering identity attributions. Drawing on video recordings of primary care consultations in the northeastern United States, I describe and illustrate three remedial strategies that patients employed in order to navigate this dilemma: (1) displaying independent awareness of the problem; (2) framing the problem as ‘in my past’ or as already resolved; and (3) downplaying the role of personal agency in the problem. Implications for patient participation in lifestyle history taking are provided.
Improving doctor–patient communication through an autobiographical narrative theory
Authors: Fioretti Chiara , Smorti Andrea
Published: April 2016

This paper examines patient–physician communication, and in particular what each partner in this delicate relationship requests from the other, in the light of current research in cognitive studies relating to autobiographical memory and narrative. It explains that narratives are the result of a co-construction and sharing process between a storyteller and a listener – in this context, the patient and the physician, who work together on the story of the anamnesis. It further stresses the need for a robust and considered connection between patient-centred practices and theoretical constructs of narrative as it relates to the social development of autobiographical memory. Through an analysis of current evidence on doctor–patient communication and narratives of illness, a model of ‘narrative-based medicine’ (NBM) is proposed.
A comparative analysis of the lay-friendliness of Danish EU patient information leaflets from 2000 to 2012
Authors: Askehave Inger , Korning Zethsen Karen
Published: April 2016

Since becoming mandatory in the EU in 1992, the patient information leaflet (PIL) has been the subject of an on-going discussion regarding its ability to provide easily understandable information. This study examines whether the lay-friendliness of Danish PILs has improved from 2000 to 2012 according to the Danish consumers. A reproduction of a questionnaire study from 2000 was carried out. The responses of the 2012 survey were compared to those of the 2000 survey and the analysis showed that Danes are less inclined to read the PIL in 2012 compared to 2000 and that the general interest in PILs has decreased. The number of respondents who deem the PIL easy to read has gone down. According to Danish consumers, the lay-friendliness of PILs has not improved from 2000 to 2012 and a very likely explanation could be that the PIL as a genre has become far too regulated and complex to live up to its original intentions. On the basis of the empirical results the article furthermore offers suggestions for practice changes.
Does gender matter in doctor–patient communication during standard gynaecological consultations? An analysis using mixed methods
Authors: Mazzi Maria Angela , Rimondini Michela , Deveugele Myriam , Zimmermann Christa , Deledda Giuseppe , Bensing Jozien
Published: April 2016

This paper assesses whether gender plays a role when male and female participants discuss the quality of doctor–patient communication in gynaecological consultations. A European multi-centre study was conducted comprising 259 participants in 35 gender- and country-specific focus groups. In all focus groups, a set of four videotaped Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) consultations was used as a prompt for discussion. The doctors’ ability in communication was assessed by participants’ ratings and by a quantified content analysis of their comments, using a mixed-method approach. Gender analysis was performed applying a set of generalized linear regression models. The findings indicated that gender differences were smaller than expected. The individual ratings of the overall quality of communication were similar for male and female participants, and there were hardly any differences in the content of the discussions. The only two exceptions were that female doctors were criticized more than male doctors when they made impersonal comments and that female participants were more outspoken than men, positively and negatively. The prevalence of gender similarities suggests that doctors’ empathy, support, understanding and pleasantness are highly appreciated by both male and female participants and appear to transcend gender differences.
A Time Series Model of Interest Rates With the Effective Lower Bound
Authors: Johannsen Benjamin K. , Mertens Elmar
Published: April 2016

Modeling interest rates over samples that include the Great Recession requires taking stock of the effective lower bound (ELB) on nominal interest rates. We propose a flexible time– series approach which includes a “shadow rate”—a notional rate that is less than the ELB during the period in which the bound is binding—without imposing no–arbitrage assumptions. The approach allows us to estimate the behavior of trend real rates as well as expected future interest rates in recent years.