bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Signs of a Savant
Authors: Smith Neil , Tsimpli Ianthi , Morgan Gary , Woll Bencie
Published: July 2014

Every once in a while nature gives us insight into the human condition by providing us with a unique case whose special properties illuminate the species as a whole. Christopher is such an example. Despite disabilities which mean that everyday tasks are burdensome chores, Christopher is a linguistic wonder who can read, write, speak, understand and translate more than twenty languages. On some tests he shows a severely low IQ, hinting at ineducability, yet his English language ability indicates an IQ in excess of 120 (a level more than sufficient to enter university). Christopher is a savant, someone with an island of startling talent in a sea of inability. This book documents his learning of British Sign Language, casting light on the modularity of cognition, the modality neutrality of the language faculty, the structure of memory, the grammar of signed language and the nature of the human mind.
Language, Space and Mind
Authors: Chilton Paul
Published: July 2014

The idea that spatial cognition provides the foundation of linguistic meanings, even highly abstract meanings, has been put forward by a number of linguists in recent years. This book takes this proposal into new dimensions and develops a theoretical framework based on simple geometric principles. All speakers are conceptualisers who have a point of view both in a literal and in an abstract sense, choosing their perspective in space, time and the real world. The book examines the conceptualising properties of verbs, including tense, aspect, modality and transitivity, as well as the conceptual workings of grammatical constructions associated with counterfactuality, other minds and the expression of moral force. It makes links to the cognitive sciences throughout and concludes with a discussion of the relationship between language, brain and mind.
The American Army and the First World War
Authors: Woodward David
Published: July 2014

This is a definitive history of the American army's role and performance during the First World War. Drawing from a rich pool of archival sources, David Woodward sheds new light on key themes such as the mobilisation of US forces, the interdependence of military diplomacy, coalition war-making, the combat effectiveness of the AEF and the leadership of its commander John J. Pershing. He shows us how, in spite of a flawed combat doctrine, logistical breakdowns and American industry's failure to provide modern weaponry, the Doughboys were nonetheless able to wage a costly battle at Meuse-Argonne and play a decisive role in ending the war. The book gives voice to the common soldier through firsthand war diaries, letters, and memoirs, allowing us to reimagine their first encounters with regimented military life, their transport across the sub-infested Atlantic to Europe, and their experiences both in and behind the trenches.
South Korea's Rise
Authors: Heo Uk , Roehrig Terence
Published: July 2014

South Korea's phenomenal rise has been studied extensively by political scientists and economists both in terms of its impact on democratisation and as a role model for economic development. Yet little attention has been devoted to exploring the nexus between economic development and foreign policy. In South Korea's Rise, Uk Heo and Terence Roehrig propose a new theoretical framework to illustrate how an increase in a country's economic prosperity can bring about change to its foreign policy, prompting greater involvement in the international system, the transition to democracy, an expanded set of interests and increased tools to pursue its foreign policy goals. As a rising middle power, analysis of South Korea's foreign policy is crucial to our understanding of the power structure and future relations in East Asia. This is essential reading for all students and scholars with an interest in Asia, foreign policy and global economics.
Concepts in Submarine Design
Authors: Burcher Roy , Rydill Louis J.
Published: July 2014

This book explores the many engineering and architectural aspects of submarine design and how they relate to each other and the operational performance required of the vessel. Concepts of hydrodynamics, structure, powering and dynamics are explained, in addition to architectural considerations which bear on the submarine design process. The interplay between these aspects of design is given particular attention, and a final chapter is devoted to the generation of the concept design for the submarine as a whole. Submarine design makes extensive use of computer aids, and examples of algorithms used in concept design are given. The emphasis in the book is on providing engineering insight as well as an understanding of the intricacies of the submarine design process. It will serve as a text for students and as a reference manual for practising engineers and designers.
Understanding Machine Learning
Authors: Shalev-Shwartz Shai , Ben-David Shai
Published: July 2014

Machine learning is one of the fastest growing areas of computer science, with far-reaching applications. The aim of this textbook is to introduce machine learning, and the algorithmic paradigms it offers, in a principled way. The book provides a theoretical account of the fundamentals underlying machine learning and the mathematical derivations that transform these principles into practical algorithms. Following a presentation of the basics, the book covers a wide array of central topics unaddressed by previous textbooks. These include a discussion of the computational complexity of learning and the concepts of convexity and stability; important algorithmic paradigms including stochastic gradient descent, neural networks, and structured output learning; and emerging theoretical concepts such as the PAC-Bayes approach and compression-based bounds. Designed for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduates, the text makes the fundamentals and algorithms of machine learning accessible to students and non-expert readers in statistics, computer science, mathematics and engineering.
Small Arms Survey 2014
Authors: Small Arms Survey, Geneva
Published: July 2014

The Small Arms Survey 2014 considers the multiple roles of women in the context of armed violence, security, and the small arms agenda. The volume's thematic section comprises one chapter on violence against women and girls - with a focus on post-conflict Liberia and Nepal - and another on the recent convergence of the small arms agenda with that of women, peace and security. Complementing these chapters are illustrated testimonies of women with experience as soldiers, rebels and security personnel. The 'weapons and markets' section assesses the potential impact of the Arms Trade Treaty, presents the 2014 Transparency Barometer and an update on the authorised small arms trade, and analyses recent ammunition explosions in the Republic of the Congo. Additionally, it examines ammunition circulating in Africa and the Middle East, maps the sources of insurgent weapons in Sudan and South Sudan, and evaluates crime gun records in the United States.
The Rani of Jhansi
Authors: Singh Harleen
Published: July 2014

Colonial texts often read the Indian woman warrior as a cultural anomaly, but Indian texts find recourse in the mythological examples of the female warrior. Rani Lakshmi Bai's remaking transforms the mythologically viable, yet socially marginal, figure of a woman in battle into bounded and meaningful feminine roles such as daughter, wife, mother, and queen. Women and the home were integral to how nationalist discourse envisioned the modern, yet traditional, Indian nation. The Rani remains a metaphoric referent of the home, and is an abiding symbol of the nation, reinvented as authority, power, and tradition. The depictions of the Rani signals what is at stake in representing the unrestricted woman in the public sphere. The book extends the discussion on what constitutes the historical archive of the gendered colonial subject and the postcolonial rebel by being attentive to the vexed figures produced within the competing ideologies of colonialism and nationalism.
Borders, Asylum and Global Non-Citizenship
Authors: Johnson Heather L.
Published: July 2014

The experience of border crossing for refugees and irregular migrants challenges global border and migration controls in multiple contexts. Using qualitative field research in Tanzania, Spain, Morocco and Australia, Heather L. Johnson asks how a global regime of migration management and control can be perceived through the dynamics of particular border spaces: refugee camps, border zones and detention centres. She explores how irregular migrants are impacted by the increasingly security-oriented practices of border control, and how they confront these practices. Johnson rejects the characterization of border spaces as exceptional, abject and exclusionary, arguing instead for an understanding of politics as everyday contestation that reveals a radical political agency, re-imagining the global non-citizen as a transgressive and powerful figure. Building on recent scholarship that rethinks irregularity and non-citizenship, her conclusions have broad implications for how we understand irregular migration from a position of dialogue and solidarity.
Past Papers MRCOG Part One Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: MRCOG Examination Committee
Published: July 2014

The Part 1 MRCOG covers basic science knowledge as it applies to obstetrics and gynaecology. There are two papers, both of which contain a mixture of single best answer questions (SBAs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs). This book provides a verbatim transcript for the MCQ element of each of the 10 papers set between 1997 and 2001, giving candidates the opportunity to test their knowledge and preparedness for the examination against real questions.
July Crisis
Authors: Otte T. G.
Published: July 2014

This is a magisterial new account of Europe's tragic descent into a largely inadvertent war in the summer of 1914. Thomas Otte reveals why a century-old system of Great Power politics collapsed so disastrously in the weeks from the 'shot heard around the world' on June 28th to Germany's declaration of war on Russia on August 1st. He shows definitively that the key to understanding how and why Europe descended into world war is to be found in the near-collective failure of statecraft by the rulers of Europe and not in abstract concepts such as the 'balance of power' or the 'alliance system'. In this unprecedented panorama of Europe on the brink, from the ministerial palaces of Berlin and Vienna to Belgrade, London, Paris and St Petersburg, Thomas Otte reveals the hawks and doves whose decision-making led to a war that would define a century and which still reverberates today.
NGOs, Political Protest, and Civil Society
Authors: Boulding Carew
Published: July 2014

This book argues that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have an important effect on political participation in the developing world. Contrary to popular belief, they promote moderate political participation through formal mechanisms such as voting only in democracies where institutions are working well. This is a radical departure from the bulk of the literature on civil society that sees NGOs and other associations as playing a role in strengthening democracy wherever they operate. Instead, Carew Boulding shows that where democratic institutions are weak, NGOs encourage much more contentious political participation, including demonstrations, riots, and protests. Except in extreme cases of poorly functioning democratic institutions, however, the political protest that results from NGO activity is not generally anti-system or incompatible with democracy - again, as long as democracy is functioning above a minimal level.
Trees
Authors: Thomas Peter A.
Published: July 2014

Trees are familiar components of many landscapes and have been vital in determining the ecology of our planet as well as the development of human cultures and communities. Yet how much do we really understand about how they work? This updated and revised edition provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of tree biology and ecology and presents the state-of-the-art discoveries in this area. The wonders and mysteries of trees are explored throughout the book and questions such as why leaves turn spectacular colours in the autumn, how water reaches the top of the tallest trees, or why the study of genetics has caused so many name changes in trees are all brilliantly answered. Written with a non-technical approach, this book will be a valuable source of reference for students and those with a less formal interest in this fascinating group of plants.
Social Media Mining
Authors: Zafarani Reza , Abbasi Mohammad Ali , Liu Huan
Published: July 2014

The growth of social media over the last decade has revolutionized the way individuals interact and industries conduct business. Individuals produce data at an unprecedented rate by interacting, sharing, and consuming content through social media. Understanding and processing this new type of data to glean actionable patterns presents challenges and opportunities for interdisciplinary research, novel algorithms and tool development. Social Media Mining integrates social media, social network analysis, and data mining to provide a coherent platform to understand the basics and potentials of social media mining. It introduces the unique problems arising from social media data and presents fundamental concepts, emerging issues, and effective algorithms for network analysis and data mining. Suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses as well as professional short courses, the text contains exercises of different degrees of difficulty that improve understanding and help apply concepts, principles and methods for social media mining.
European Legal Development
Authors: Bell John , Ibbetson David
Published: July 2014

What shapes the development of a legal system? The economy? Legal ideas? Social and political movements? Drawing on the other eight volumes in the series, European Legal Development: The Case of Tort aims to challenge conventional comparative law explanations of the factors that shape the law. It goes further into ideas that law could be conceived as either driven by external factors or is primarily the product of deliberations among lawyers. Choosing the examples of product and medical liabilities, the book considers the convergence of developments across legal systems. By contrast, examining road accidents and relations between neighbours, it notes areas in which the development of tort law has diverged. Tort law emerges as only part of the legal response and its place depends on the activity of the legislator, as much as on judicial and scholarly ideas about the place of fault liability within the schemes of compensation.
Grammatical Inference
Authors: de la Higuera Colin
Published: July 2014

The problem of inducing, learning or inferring grammars has been studied for decades, but only in recent years has grammatical inference emerged as an independent field with connections to many scientific disciplines, including bio-informatics, computational linguistics and pattern recognition. This book meets the need for a comprehensive and unified summary of the basic techniques and results, suitable for researchers working in these various areas. In Part I, the objects of use for grammatical inference are studied in detail: strings and their topology, automata and grammars, whether probabilistic or not. Part II carefully explores the main questions in the field: What does learning mean? How can we associate complexity theory with learning? In Part III the author describes a number of techniques and algorithms that allow us to learn from text, from an informant, or through interaction with the environment. These concern automata, grammars, rewriting systems, pattern languages or transducers.
The Works of Sir William Jones
Authors: Jones William
Published: July 2014

A renowned Enlightenment polymath, Sir William Jones (1746–94) was a lawyer, translator and poet who wrote authoritatively on politics, comparative linguistics and oriental literature. Known initially for his Persian translations and political radicalism, Jones became further celebrated for his study and translation of ancient Sanskrit texts following his appointment to the supreme court in Calcutta in 1783. He spent the next eleven years introducing Europe to the mysticism and rationality of Hinduism through works such as his nine 'Hymns' to Hindu deities and his translation of the Sanskrit classic Sacontalá, influencing Romantic writers from William Blake to August Wilhelm Schlegel. Volume 3 of his thirteen-volume works, published in 1807, contains Jones' 'Anniversary Discourses' (1784–94) addressed to the Asiatick Society as its president - including 'On the Hindus' (1786), a seminal work of comparative linguistics. It also contains his landmark essay of cultural comparison, 'On the Gods of Greece, Italy, and India' (1784).
The International Distribution of News
Authors: Silberstein-Loeb Jonathan
Published: July 2014

Based on newly available and extensive archival evidence, this book traces the history of international news agencies and associations around the world from 1848 to 1947. Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb argues that newspaper publishers formed news associations and patronized news agencies to cut the costs of news collection and exclude competitors from gaining access to the news. In this way, cooperation facilitated the distribution of news. The extent to which state regulation permitted cooperation, or prohibited exclusivity, determined the benefit newspaper publishers derived from these organizations. This book revises our understanding of the operation and organization of the Associated Press, the BBC, the Press Association, Reuters, and the United Press. It also sheds light on the history of competition policy respecting the press, intellectual property, and the regulation of telecommunications.
The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women and Archaic Greece
Authors: Ormand Kirk
Published: July 2014

This book examines the extant fragments of the archaic Greek poem known in antiquity as Hesiod's Catalogue of Women. Kirk Ormand shows that the poem should be read intertextually with other hexameter poetry from the eighth to sixth century BCE, especially Homer, Hesiod, and the Cyclic epics. Through literary interaction with these poems, the Catalogue reflects political and social tensions in the archaic period regarding the production of elite status. In particular, Ormand argues that the Catalogue reacts against the 'middling ideology' that came to the fore during the archaic period in Greece, championing traditional aristocratic modes of status. Ormand maintains that the poem's presentation of the end of the heroic age is a reflection of a declining emphasis on nobility of birth in the structures of authority in the emerging sixth century polis.
Forum Shopping in International Adjudication
Authors: Salles Luiz Eduardo
Published: July 2014

Forum shopping, which consists of strategic forum selection, parallel litigation and serial litigation, is a phenomenon of growing importance in international adjudication. Preliminary objections (or a party's placement of conditions on the existence and development of the adjudicatory process) have been traditionally conceived as barriers to adjudication before single forums. This book discusses how adjudicators and parties may refer to questions of jurisdiction and admissibility in order to avoid conflicting decisions on overlapping cases, excessive exercises of jurisdiction and the proliferation of litigation. It highlights an emerging, overlooked function of preliminary objections: transmission belts of procedure-regulating rules across the 'international judiciary'. Activating this often dormant, managerial function of preliminary objections would nurture coordination of otherwise independent and autonomous tribunals.
Lack of Character
Authors: Doris John M.
Published: July 2014

This book is a provocative contribution to contemporary ethical theory challenging foundational conceptions of character that date back to Aristotle. John Doris draws on behavioral science, especially social psychology, to argue that we misattribute the causes of behavior to personality traits and other fixed aspects of character rather than to the situational context. More often than not it is the situation not the nature of the personality that really counts. The author elaborates the philosophical consequences of this research for a whole array of ethical theories and shows that, once rid of the misleading conception of motivation, moral psychology can support more robust ethical theories and more humane ethical practices.
Developing Social Skills of Students With Additional Needs Within the Context of the Australian Curriculum
Authors: Davies Michael , Cooper Greta , Kettler Ryan J. , Elliott Stephen N.
Published: July 2014

Decades of research on social skills assessment and intervention indicates the importance of social skills in improving academic achievement. Additionally, a strong evidence base promotes the inclusion of social–emotional learning into the whole school curriculum. In recognition of this evidence, the new Australian Curriculum, under Personal and social capability, calls for students to develop social skills. For many students with additional needs, it is hoped that the development of social skills will enable increased connectedness and a greater sense of inclusion. To meet developmental expectations of social skills, teachers need to measure these skills, develop effective teaching strategies for them, and evaluate their progress. The multi-tiered assessment and intervention components of the Social Skills Improvement System (SSiS; Elliott & Gresham, 2007) seem to offer a comprehensive system to support this process (Elliott, Frey, & Davies, in press).
Uncovering the Origins of the Gender Gap in Political Ambition
Authors: FOX RICHARD L. , LAWLESS JENNIFER L.
Published: July 2014

Based on survey responses from a national random sample of nearly 4,000 high school and college students, we uncover a dramatic gender gap in political ambition. This finding serves as striking evidence that the gap is present well before women and men enter the professions from which most candidates emerge. We then use political socialization—which we gauge through a myriad of socializing agents and early life experiences—as a lens through which to explain the individual-level differences we uncover. Our analysis reveals that parental encouragement, politicized educational and peer experiences, participation in competitive activities, and a sense of self-confidence propel young people's interest in running for office. But on each of these dimensions, women, particularly once they are in college, are at a disadvantage. By identifying when and why gender differences in interest in running for office materialize, we begin to uncover the origins of the gender gap in political ambition. Taken together, our results suggest that concerns about substantive and symbolic representation will likely persist.
Current division between two paralleled X-pinches
Authors: Zhao Shen , Zhu Xinlei , Zhang Ran , Luo Haiyun , Zou Xiaobing , Wang Xinxin
Published: July 2014

In order to use two paralleled X-pinches as X-ray sources for the time-resolved backlighting of wire-array Z-pinch plasma, it is necessary to make these two X-pinches emit X-rays at different but roughly preset time instants. The timing of the X-ray burst from an X-pinch independence of the current, and the wire mass of the X-pinch was investigated. The currents flowing through two paralleled X-pinches were measured and it was found that the total current is almost equally divided between these two X-pinches no matter how different the wires for these two X-pinches are. The reason for the equal current division between two paralleled X-pinches was given based on the inductance calculation of the X-pinch circuit.
Cross-linguistic comparisons in child language research
Authors: BERMAN RUTH A.
Published: July 2014

Major large-scale research projects in the early years of developmental psycholinguistics were English-based, yet even then numerous studies were available or under way in a range of different languages (Ferguson & Slobin, 1973). Since then, the field of cross-linguistic child language research has burgeoned in several directions. First, rich information is now available on the acquisition of dozens of languages from around the world in numerous language families, spearheaded by the five-volume series edited by Slobin (1985–1997) and complemented by in-depth examination of specific constructions – e.g. causative alternation, motion verbs, passive voice, subject elision, noun compounding – in various languages, culminating in an in-depth examination of the acquisition of ergativity in over a dozen languages (Bavin & Stoll, 2013). A second fruitful direction is the application of carefully comparable designs targeting a range of issues among children acquiring different languages, including: production of early lexico-grammatical constructions (Slobin, 1982), sentence processing comprehension (MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), expression of spatial relations (Bowerman, 2011), discourse construction of oral narratives based on short picture series (Hickmann, 2003) and longer storybooks (Berman & Slobin, 1994), and extended texts in different genres (Berman, 2008). Taken together, research motivated by the question of what is particular and what universal in child language highlights the marked, and early, impact of ambient language typology on processes of language acquisition. The challenge remains to operationalize such insights by means of psychologically sound and linguistically well-motivated measures for evaluating the interplay between the variables of developmental level, linguistic domain, and ambient language typology.
In search of resilient and fragile properties of language
Authors: GOLDIN-MEADOW SUSAN
Published: July 2014

Young children are skilled language learners. They apply their skills to the language input they receive from their parents and, in this way, derive patterns that are statistically related to their input. But being an excellent statistical learner does not explain why children who are not exposed to usable linguistic input nevertheless communicate using systems containing the fundamental properties of language. Nor does it explain why learners sometimes alter the linguistic input to which they are exposed (input from either a natural or an artificial language). These observations suggest that children are prepared to learn language. Our task now, as it was in 1974, is to figure out what they are prepared with – to identify properties of language that are relatively easy to learn, theresilientproperties, as well as properties of language that are more difficult to learn, thefragileproperties. The new tools and paradigms for describing and explaining language learning that have been introduced into the field since 1974 offer great promise for accomplishing this task.
Impact of Ramadan on the treatment of psychosis
Authors: Adil Jannat , Sloan Darina
Published: July 2014

A 35-year-old South Asian Muslim male was admitted for acute psychotic episode to an urban acute psychiatric unit. In the context of ongoing religious delusions, and on his request to fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan we made alterations to his medication dosing schedule. We discuss the clinical implications of such practice.
Using surveillance and monitoring data of different origins in aSalmonellasource attribution model: a European Union example with challenges and proposed solutions
Authors: DE KNEGT L. V. , PIRES S. M. , HALD T.
Published: July 2014

Microbial subtyping approaches are commonly used for source attribution of human salmonellosis. Such methods require data onSalmonellain animals and humans, outbreaks, infection abroad and amounts of food available for consumption. A source attribution model was applied to 24 European countries, requiring special data management to produce a standardized dataset. Salmonellosis data on animals and humans were obtained from datasets provided by the European Food Safety Authority. The amount of food available for consumption was calculated based on production and trade data. Limitations included different types of underreporting, non-participation in prevalence studies, and non-availability of trade data. Cases without travel information were assumed to be domestic; non-subtyped human or animal records were re-identified according to proportions observed in reference datasets; missing trade information was estimated based on previous years. The resulting dataset included data on 24 serovars in humans, broilers, laying hens, pigs and turkeys in 24 countries.
Weighted Random Staircase Tableaux
Authors: HITCZENKO PAWEŁ , JANSON SVANTE
Published: July 2014

This paper concerns a relatively new combinatorial structure called staircase tableaux. They were introduced in the context of the asymmetric exclusion process and Askey–Wilson polynomials; however, their purely combinatorial properties have gained considerable interest in the past few years.

In this paper we further study combinatorial properties of staircase tableaux. We consider a general model of random staircase tableaux in which symbols (Greek letters) that appear in staircase tableaux may have arbitrary positive weights. (We consider only the case with the parametersu=q= 1.) Under this general model we derive a number of results. Some of our results concern the limiting laws for the number of appearances of symbols in a random staircase tableaux. They generalize and subsume earlier results that were obtained for specific values of the weights.

One advantage of our generality is that we may let the weights approach extreme values of zero or infinity, which covers further special cases appearing earlier in the literature. Furthermore, our generality allows us to analyse the structure of random staircase tableaux, and we obtain several results in this direction.

One of the tools we use is the generating functions of the parameters of interest. This leads us to a two-parameter family of polynomials, generalizing the classical Eulerian polynomials.

We also briefly discuss the relation of staircase tableaux to the asymmetric exclusion process, to other recently introduced types of tableaux, and to an urn model studied by a number of researchers, including Philippe Flajolet.
Different haemodynamic patterns in head-up tilt test on 400 paediatric cases with unexplained syncope
Authors: Yozgat Yilmaz , Karadeniz Cem , Ozdemir Rahmi , Doksoz Onder , Kucuk Mehmet , Karaarslan Utku , Mese Timur , Unal Nurettin
Published: July 2014

Objective: To assess haemodynamic patterns in head-up tilt testing on 400 paediatric cases with unexplained syncope. Methods: Medical records of 520 children who underwent head-up tilt testing in the preceding year were retrospectively evaluated, and 400 children, 264 (66%) girls and 136 (34%) boys, aged 12.6±2.6 years (median 13; range 5–18), with unexplained syncope were enrolled in the study. Age, sex, baseline heart rate, baseline blood pressure, frequency of symptoms, and/or fainting attacks were recorded. The test protocol consisted of 25 minutes of supine resting followed by 20 minutes of 70° upright positioning. Subjects were divided into nine groups according to their differing haemodynamic patterns. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to age, gender, baseline blood pressure, and frequency of syncope (p>0.05). The response was compatible with orthostatic intolerance in 28 cases (7.0%), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in 24 cases (6.0%), asymptomatic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in 26 cases (6.5%), orthostatic hypotension in seven cases (1.7%), vasovagal syncope in 38 cases (9.5%), and negative in 274 cases (69.2%). Vasovagal syncope response patterns were of type 3 in nine cases (2.2%), type 2A in 10 cases (2.5%), type 2B in two cases (0.5%), and type 1 (mixed) in 17 cases (4.25%). Conclusions: In the 400 paediatric cases with unexplained syncope, nine different haemodynamic response patterns to head-up tilt testing were discerned. Children with orthostatic intolerance syndromes are increasingly referred to hospitals because of difficulty in daily activities. Therefore, there is need for further clinical trials in these patient groups.
Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with ductal occluders
Authors: Mahimarangaiah Jayaranganath , Subramanian Anand , Kikkeri Hemannasetty Srinivasa , Chandra Subhash , Karur Satish , Mandikal Kodandaramasastry Usha , Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath
Published: July 2014

Background: To study the feasibility and complications associated with the use of ductal occluders for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Methods: A total of 126 patients, ranging from 1 to 41 years of age (median – 8 years), underwent closure of ventricular septal defects from August 2010 to April 2013. Small- and moderate-sized defects were closed using first-generation Patent ductus arteriosus occluders or Amplatzer Duct Occluder-II. Patients were followed up for the development of complications such as heart block, aortic regurgitation, and tricuspid regurgitation. Results: Patent ductus arteriosus occluders were used in 81 patients, and the Amplatzer Duct Occluder-II device in 45 patients. The devices were successfully deployed in 99.2% of the cases. One patient had embolisation of an Amplatzer Duct Occluder-II device soon after deployment. There was one case of transient complete heart block (0.8%) needing temporary pacing, and two cases of isoarrhythmic atrioventricular dissociation (1.6%). One patient developed late-onset complete heart block 15 months after the procedure and underwent permanent pacemaker implantation. There were no instances of new-onset aortic regurgitation. New-onset mild tricuspid regurgitation was seen in two patients. Of the patients, three had small residual shunts on follow-up, without haemolysis. Conclusions: Duct occluders can be used to effectively close small- and moderate-sized ventricular septal defects. The incidence of complete heart block and valvular regurgitations are much less than reported with other devices, and they are cost-effective.
Biventricular non-compaction hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in association with congenital complete heart block and type I mitochondrial complex deficiency
Authors: Dhar Ranjana , Reardon William , McMahon Colin J.
Published: July 2014

We report a baby girl with an antenatal diagnosis of biventricular non-compaction and complete heart block detected at 22 weeks’ gestation. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed severe biventricular non-compaction hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, multiple muscular ventricular septal defects, and mild–moderate pulmonary valve stenosis. Skeletal muscle biopsy confirmed complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. An epicardial VVI pacemaker was implanted on day 3 of life and revised at 7 years of age. She remains stable at 8 years of age following pacing and medical treatment with carvedilol, aspirin, co-enzyme Q10, and carnitine. This represents the first report of biventricular non-compaction hypertrophic phenotype in association with congenital complete heart block and complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in a child.
Three arenas of struggle: A contextual approach to the constituent power of ‘the people’
Authors: OKLOPCIC ZORAN
Published: July 2014

Against recent contributions to the debate about the constituent power of the people, the article proposes to reorient the debate by analytically distinguishing three dominant arenas of political struggle – democratic, social and national – in which the vocabulary of ‘the people’ and its constituent power is invoked. The invocation of the ‘will of the people’ and its constituent power in these arenas is associated with different assumptions, risks and implicit ideational trade-offs that must be laid bare. A contextual approach to constituent power counsels caution in dignifying pro-democratic constitutional transformations with the name of ‘the people’. It invites those who theorize constituent power with social struggles in mind to rebalance their attention to constituent power – and devote more attention to imaginaries and strategies that minimize moral hazards implicit in the vocabulary of peoplehood and to maximize the likelihood of the new order’s survival. Finally, a contextual approach rejects the role for constituent power in national struggles, arguing that constitutional theory is incapable of arbitrating between competing assertions of popular sovereignty. In the final part of the paper, I defend the contextual approach against the theoretical interventions currently on offer, and gesture towards its potential in crafting aprovincializedconstitutional theory.
Ionic liquid-assisted extraction of wool keratin proteins as an aid to MS identification
Authors: Plowman Jeffrey E. , Clerens Stefan , Lee Erin , Harland Duane P. , Dyer Jolon M. , Deb-Choudhury Santanu
Published: July 2014

Investigations into the use of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]+[Cl]−to extend the mapping of the wool proteome have established that it is complementary to the use of commonly used chaotropic agents such as urea.
Synthetic turn mimetics and hairpin nucleators: Quo Vadimus?
Authors: Nair Roshna V. , Baravkar Sachin B. , Ingole Tukaram S. , Sanjayan Gangadhar J.
Published: July 2014

This feature article endeavours to trail the path of progress achieved hitherto and envisage the enormous possibilities that lie ahead in the development of synthetic turn mimetics and hairpin nucleators.
Massive conformational changes during thermally induced self-metalation of 2H-tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)-phenylporphyrin on Cu(111)
Authors: Stark M. , Ditze S. , Lepper M. , Zhang L. , Schlott H. , Buchner F. , Röckert M. , Chen M. , Lytken O. , Steinrück H.-P. , Marbach H.
Published: July 2014

2HTTBPP on Cu(111) behaves almost like a loaded spring which is held by the strong attractive interactions of the iminic nitrogens with the Cu substrate and is released upon metalation.
A novel strategy for the design of smart supramolecular gels: controlling stimuli-response properties through competitive coordination of two different metal ions
Authors: Lin Qi , Sun Bin , Yang Qing-Ping , Fu Yong-Peng , Zhu Xin , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao
Published: July 2014

With the competitive coordination, the stimuli-response properties of the supramolecular gels are accurately controlled. The bimetal–gel CaFeG could act as H2PO4− test kit and rewritable security display materials.
[Pd(C∧N)(X)(PPh3)] palladacycles react with 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl boronic acid to give stable transmetallation products of the type [Pd(C∧N)(2,4,6-F3C6H2)(PPh3)]
Authors: Kapdi Anant R. , Dhangar Gopal , Serrano Jose Luis , Pérez Jose , García Luis , Fairlamb Ian J. S.
Published: July 2014

Evidence for a direct transmetallation between a palladacycle (containing acetate and imidate pseudohalides) with 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl boronic acid is presented in this paper.
Facile synthesis of high-quality Pt nanostructures with a controlled aspect ratio for methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Li Yi , Bian Ting , Du Jingshan , Xiong Yalin , Zhan Fangwei , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren
Published: July 2014

Pt nanobars with different aspect ratios were synthesized and exhibited remarkably excellent electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation.
Silk fibroin-mediated biomineralization of calcium carbonate at the air/water interface
Authors: Hao Wei , Porter David , Wang Xianting , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: July 2014

The morphology and polymorphs of CaCO3that crystallized at the air/water interface depend on the assembly of silk fibroin therein.
The effects of halogen bonding and molecular design on the self-assembly of coordination polymers of Mn(iii)-tetraarylporphyrin with axial bridging ligands
Authors: Nandi Goutam , Goldberg Israel
Published: July 2014

Two new coordination polymers of Mn(iii)-tetra(iodophenyl)porphyrin with isonicotinate and pyrimidine-5-carboxylate linkers have been synthesized. The effect of halogen-bonding interactions on their self-assembly in the crystalline bulk and on a graphite surface has been discussed.
Unravelling the correlated electronic and optical properties of BaTaO2N with perovskite-type structure as a potential candidate for solar energy conversion
Authors: Hafez Ahmed M. , Salem Noha M. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: July 2014

Coupling DFT and FDTD reveals the optical and electronic properties of perovskite materials.
High efficiency single-junction semitransparent perovskite solar cells
Authors: Roldán-Carmona Cristina , Malinkiewicz Olga , Betancur Rafael , Longo Giulia , Momblona Cristina , Jaramillo Franklin , Camacho Luis , Bolink Henk J.
Published: July 2014

Semitransparent efficient methylammonium lead iodide perovskite based solar cells.
A low cost synthesis method for functionalised iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia from readily available materials
Authors: Bear Joseph C. , Yu Bin , Blanco-Andujar Cristina , McNaughter Paul D. , Southern Paul , Mafina Marc-Krystelle , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals from reagents taken from high street sources using thermal decomposition of an iron–fatty acid precursor in a high boiling point solvent in the presence of surfactants is presented. The nanocrystals were characterised using a variety of techniques including: electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetometry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is also used to compare the decomposition behaviour of iron oleate and iron palmitate, our nanoparticle precursors. The nanoparticles also exhibit shape anisotropy when prepared under optimum conditions. We show that these nanoparticles have potential in magnetic hyperthermia after transfer to aqueous media via an amphiphilic polymer.
A facile two-step method for fabrication of plate-like WO3 photoanode under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhu Jian , Zheng Xiaojia , Xiong Fengqiang , Huang Baokun , Shi Jingying , Li Can
Published: July 2014

Fabrication of photoelectrodes on a large-scale, with low-cost and high efficiency is a challenge for their practical application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, a typical plate-like WO3 photoanode was fabricated with chemical etching of the as-prepared mixed tungsten–metal oxides (W–M–O, M = Cu, Zn or Al) by a reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique, which results in a greatly enhanced PEC performance for water oxidation in comparison with that obtained from a conventional magnetron sputtering method. The current approach is applicable for the fabrication of some other semiconductor photoelectrodes and is promising for the scaling up of applications for highly efficient solar energy conversion systems.
Ethanolic extract of rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (chuanxiong) enhances endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet
Authors: Li Chun-Mei , Guo Yu-Qing , Dong Xiao-Li , Li He , Wang Bo , Wu Jian-Hong , Wong Man-Sau , Chan Shun-Wan
Published: July 2014

Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC), also known as chuanxiong, is a very common herb widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
The in vitro digestibility of beef varies with its inherent ultimate pH
Authors: Farouk Mustafa M. , Wu Guojie , Frost Deborah A. , Clerens Stefan , Knowles Scott O.
Published: July 2014

Animal carcasses and cuts of meat are usually differentiated and valued according to size and compositional attributes. An indicator of meat quality that is invisible to consumers is the inherent ultimate pH (pHu), which affects organoleptic and processing characteristics.
Sustainable chromatography (an oxymoron?)
Authors: Peterson Emily A. , Dillon Barry , Raheem Izzat , Richardson Paul , Richter Daniel , Schmidt Rachel , Sneddon Helen F.
Published: July 2014

This perspective details practical techniques for reducing the waste generated from chromatography within pharmaceutical drug discovery labs and additionally provides sustainable alternatives to flash chromatography.
Thermally-induced miniaturization for micro- and nanofabrication: progress and updates
Authors: Lin Sophia , Lee Eugene K. , Nguyen Nancy , Khine Michelle
Published: July 2014

This paper reviews progress in micro- and nanofabrication achieved using heat-shrinkable shape memory polymers (SMPs) and the demonstrated applications of the resulting technologies.
A novel picoliter droplet array for parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction based on double-inkjet printing
Authors: Sun Yingnan , Zhou Xiaoguang , Yu Yude
Published: July 2014

We present a double-inkjet printing method for the generation of picoliter droplet-in-oil arrays on planar substrates, efficiently addressing droplet evaporation issues without the assistance of a humidifier or glycerol.
An integrated microfluidic device utilizing dielectrophoresis and multiplex array PCR for point-of-care detection of pathogens
Authors: Cai Dongyang , Xiao Meng , Xu Peng , Xu Ying-Chun , Du Wenbin
Published: July 2014

An integrated device utilizing dielectrophoresis and multiplex array PCR for the point-of-care identification of pathogens in complex physiological matrices was developed, which is able to detect multiple pathogens in blood within 3 h.
Metabolic flux pattern of glucose utilization by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: prevalent role of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and minor fluxes through the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis
Authors: Schatschneider Sarah , Huber Claudia , Neuweger Heiko , Watt Tony Francis , Pühler Alfred , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Wittmann Christoph , Niehaus Karsten , Vorhölter Frank-Jörg
Published: July 2014

Complex metabolic flux pattern ofX. campestris.
Stereoselective synthesis of O-tosyl azabicyclic derivatives via aza Prins reaction of endocyclic N-acyliminium ions: application to the total synthesis of (±)-epi-indolizidine 167B and 209D
Authors: Saikia Anil K. , Indukuri Kiran , Das Jagadish
Published: July 2014

A diastereoselective synthesis of 4-O-tosyl piperidine containing azabicyclic derivatives has been establishedviaPrins cyclization reaction. This protocol has been applied for the total synthesis of (±)-epi-indolizidine 167B and 209D.
Benzylic viologen dendrimers: a review of their synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Murugavel Kathiresan
Published: July 2014

Dendrimers containing benzylic viologen branching units, their guest complexation, photophysical and biological applications has been reviewed.
Indium-catalyzed polycyclotrimerization of diynes: a facile route to prepare regioregular hyperbranched polyarylenes
Authors: Wang Zhe , Shi Yang , Wang Jian , Li Lingzhi , Wu Haiqiang , Yao Bicheng , Sun Jing Zhi , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2014

The facile and efficient InCl3/2-iodophenol-catalyzed polycyclotrimerization of diynes to generate regioregular hyperbranched polyarylenes was successfully established.
Growth kinetics of gold nanoparticles on silica/graphene surfaces for multiplex biological immunoassays
Authors: Olkhov Rouslan V. , Shaw Andrew M.
Published: July 2014

Gold nanoparticles were seed-mediated grown on graphene coated substrates and the resulting composites were employed in light-scattering imaging biosensor immunoassay application.
Antibacterial activity of copper(ii) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rajalakshmi Subramaniyam , Fathima Aafreen , Rao Jonnalagadda Raghava , Nair Balachandran Unni
Published: July 2014

[Cu(bitpy)2]2+ showed better antistaphylococcal activity than [Cu(bitpy)(dmp)]2+. SEM and confocal microscopy showed the damage caused by complex 2 is more effective than 1. Complex 2 can be better used as an anti-biofouling agent.