bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixing in Shake Flask Bioreactor
Authors: Sundaramurthy Suresh
Published: September 2016

Oxygen availability is critical for microbial growth in various bioreactors. Therefore, mixing is a common operation, which is usually performed by shaker, agitator, or both. Power consumption is an important quantitative parameter in describing flow regime and mass transfer characteristics in fermenters and in designing and operating them. In this chapter, mixing and oxygen transfer modeling in shake flasks are introduced and methods to measure power consumption are discussed.
Technology's Impact on the Biomanufacturing Facility of the Future
Authors: Odum Jeffrey , Witcher Mark
Published: September 2016

Concerns about product quality, environmental impact, cost of goods, as well as expectations for sophisticated products including cellular and genetic therapies, and recent advances in manufacturing technologies have added significantly to the challenges and opportunities in the biotechnology industry. New enabling technologies, including high productive process, single‐use systems (SUSs), and process automation, have many advantages. They improve flexibility, thereby lower capital and construction costs; reduce energy consumption, thus lower operating costs; allow for more efficient product development; and increase the throughput of a biopharmaceutical manufacturing facility.

Utilizing process and enterprise automation systems, facilities are capable of providing multiproduct manufacturing. The single‐use or disposable component technology allows for simplified and more efficient facility, which is also more environmentally friendly. Indeed, reduction in carbon footprint associated with SUSs can be more than 50%.
Dual‐Targeting Heparin‐Based Nanoparticles that Re‐Assemble in Blood for Glioma Therapy through Both Anti‐Proliferation and Anti‐Angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Jihui , Yang Yuantao , Zhang Yonghong , Huang Min , Zhou Zhenjun , Luo Wanxian , Tang Jiao , Wang Jianguo , Xiao Qian , Chen Huajian , Cai Yingqian , Sun Xinlin , Wang Ying , Ke Yiquan
Published: September 2016

The efficient and specific delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) to brain tumors is crucial for successful glioma treatment. Heparin‐based polymers decorated with two peptides self‐assemble into multi‐functional NPs that specifically target glioma cells. These NPs re‐self‐assemble to a smaller size in blood, which is beneficial for in‐vivo brain drug delivery. The hydrodynamic size of one type of these NPs is 63 ± 11 nm under blood‐mimic conditions (10% fetal bovine serum), but it is 164 ± 16 nm in water. Additionally their zeta potential is more neutral in the blood‐mimic conditions. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the morphology of the spherical NPs. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the NPs exhibit a high cellular uptake and the ability to efficiently discourage proliferation, endothelial‐lined vessels, and vasculogenic mimicry. In vivo studies demonstrate that the NPs can by‐pass the normal blood–brain and blood–(brain tumor) barriers and specifically accumulate in glioma tissues; moreover, they present an excellent anti‐glioma effect in subcutaneous/intracranial glioma‐bearing mice. Their superiority is due to their appropriate size in blood and the synergic effect arising from their targeting of two different receptors. The data suggests that these NPs are ideal for anti‐glioma therapy.
Toward High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells: Influence of Local Chemical Environment and Morphology
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Zhang Guichuan , Zhong Chengmei , Jia Xiaoe , Luo Peng , Xu Rongguo , Gao Ke , Jiang Xiaofang , Liu Feng , Russell Thomas P. , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: September 2016

The chemical structure of conjugated polymers plays an important role in determining their physical properties that, in turn, dictates their performance in photovoltaic devices. 5‐Fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole, an asymmetric unit, is incorporated into a thiophene‐based polymer backbone to generate a hole conducting polymers with controlled regioregularity. A high dipole moment is seen in regioregular polymers, which have a tighter interchain stacking that promotes the formation of a morphology in bulk heterojunction blends with improved power conversion efficiencies. Aliphatic side chain substitution is systematically varied to understand the influence of side chain length and symmetry on the morphology and resultant performance. This side chain modification is found to influence crystal orientation and the phase separated morphology. Using the asymmetric side chain substitution with regioregularity of the main chain, an optimized power conversion efficiency of 9.06% is achieved, with an open circuit voltage of 0.72 V, a short circuit current of 19.63 mA cm−2, and a fill factor over 65%. These results demonstrate that the local chemical environment can dramatically influence the physical properties of the resultant material.
Cs2CO3‐Promoted Michael Addition‐[2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Domino Reaction: Facile Synthesis of a 3‐Substituted Indoles Bearing a Homoallyl Sulfide Moiety
Authors: Du Yanlong , Yu Aimin , Zhang Youquan , Jia Jiru , Meng Xiangtai
Published: September 2016

A Cs2CO3‐promoted Michael addition‐[2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement domino reaction between arenesulfonylindole and sulfur ylide has been developed. This reaction affords a facile method for the synthesis of 3‐substituted indoles with a homoallyl sulfide moiety. In this domino sequence, two C−C bonds and one C−C bond cleavage were formed.
Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Protein–Protein Interactions Between the Acyl‐Carrier Protein and Product Template Domain
Authors: Barajas Jesus F. , Finzel Kara , Valentic Timothy R. , Shakya Gaurav , Gamarra Nathan , Martinez Delsy , Meier Jordan L. , Vagstad Anna L. , Newman Adam G. , Townsend Craig A. , Burkart Michael D. , Tsai Shiou‐Chuan
Published: September 2016

In fungal non‐reducing polyketide synthases (NR‐PKS) the acyl‐carrier protein (ACP) carries the growing polyketide intermediate through iterative rounds of elongation, cyclization and product release. This process occurs through a controlled, yet enigmatic coordination of the ACP with its partner enzymes. The transient nature of ACP interactions with these catalytic domains imposes a major obstacle for investigation of the influence of protein–protein interactions on polyketide product outcome. To further our understanding about how the ACP interacts with the product template (PT) domain that catalyzes polyketide cyclization, we developed the first mechanism‐based crosslinkers for NR‐PKSs. Through in vitro assays, in silico docking and bioinformatics, ACP residues involved in ACP–PT recognition were identified. We used this information to improve ACP compatibility with non‐cognate PT domains, which resulted in the first gain‐of‐function ACP with improved interactions with its partner enzymes. This advance will aid in future combinatorial biosynthesis of new polyketides.
Isotopologous Organotellurium Probes Reveal Dynamic Hypoxia In Vivo with Cellular Resolution
Authors: Edgar Landon J. , Vellanki Ravi N. , McKee Trevor D. , Hedley David , Wouters Bradly G. , Nitz Mark
Published: September 2016

Changes in the oxygenation state of microenvironments within solid tumors are associated with the development of aggressive cancer phenotypes. Factors that influence cellular hypoxia have been characterized; however, methods for measuring the dynamics of oxygenation at a cellular level in vivo have been elusive. We report a series of tellurium‐containing isotopologous probes for cellular hypoxia compatible with mass cytometry (MC)—technology that allows for highly parametric interrogation of single cells based on atomic mass spectrometry. Sequential labeling with the isotopologous probes (SLIP) in pancreatic tumor xenograft models revealed changes in cellular oxygenation over time which correlated with the distance from vasculature, the proliferation of cell populations, and proximity to necrosis. SLIP allows for capture of spatial and temporal dynamics in vivo using enzyme activated probes.
Tunable Probes with Direct Fluorescence Signals for the Constitutive and Immunoproteasome
Authors: Dubiella Christian , Cui Haissi , Groll Michael
Published: September 2016

Electrophiles are commonly used for the inhibition of proteases. Notably, inhibitors of the proteasome, a central determinant of cellular survival and a target of several FDA‐approved drugs, are mainly characterized by the reactivity of their electrophilic head groups. We aimed to tune the inhibitory strength of peptidic sulfonate esters by varying the leaving groups. Indeed, proteasome inhibition correlated well with the pKa of the leaving group. The use of fluorophores as leaving groups enabled us to design probes that release a stoichiometric fluorescence signal upon reaction, thereby directly linking proteasome inactivation to the readout. This principle could be applicable to other sulfonyl fluoride based inhibitors and allows the design of sensitive probes for enzymatic studies.
Model for the capacity of the urban signal intersection with work zone
Authors: Yang Da , Zhu Liling , Ma Lina , Sun Ruoxiao
Published: September 2016

Work zones exist widely on urban arterials in the cities that are undergoing road construction or maintenance. However, the existing studies on arterial work zones are very limited, especially on the work zones at urban intersections, although they have a severe negative impact on the urban traffic system. For the first time, this study focuses on how work zones reduce intersection capacity. A type of widely observed work zone, the straddling work zone that straddles on a road segment and an intersection, is studied. A linear regression model and a multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual are proposed respectively to determine the saturation flow rate of the signal intersection with the straddling work zone. The data of 22 straddling work zones are collected and used to evaluate the performances of the proposed models. The results display that the linear regression model outperforms the multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual. The study also reveals that reducing approach (or exit) lanes and the mixture of motor vehicles and non‐motor vehicles (and pedestrians) can significantly decrease the capacity of the intersection with straddling work zone. Therefore, in setting a straddling work zone, workers should try to ensure that the intersection approach and exit are unobstructed and set a separation for non‐motors and pedestrians to avoid mixed traffic flow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer therapy: An evolutionarily ancient resistance response may explain their limited success
Authors: Halsall John A. , Turner Bryan M.
Published: September 2016

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are in clinical trials against a variety of cancers. Despite early successes, results against the more common solid tumors have been mixed. How is it that so many cancers, and most normal cells, tolerate the disruption caused by HDACi‐induced protein hyperacetylation? And why are a few cancers so sensitive? Here we discuss recent results showing that human cells mount a coordinated transcriptional response to HDACi that mitigates their toxic effects. We present a hypothetical signaling system that could trigger and mediate this response. To account for the existence of such a response, we note that HDACi of various chemical types are made by a variety of organisms to kill or suppress competitors. We suggest that the resistance response in human cells is a necessary evolutionary consequence of exposure to environmental HDACi. We speculate that cancers sensitive to HDACi are those in which the resistance response has been compromised by mutation. Identifying such mutations will allow targeting of HDACi therapy to potentially susceptible cancers.

Also see the video abstract here.
U‐curve relation between cholesterol and prior ischemic stroke
Authors: Bringeland Gerd Haga , Nacu Aliona , Waje‐Andreassen Ulrike , Thomassen Lars , Naess Halvor
Published: September 2016

Objectives

Previous prospective studies on ischemic stroke patients have shown conflicting results concerning the association between cholesterol level and patient outcome. We aimed to investigate the relation between cholesterol level and prior ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that acute ischemic stroke patients with increased cholesterol on admission more frequently had experienced prior ischemic stroke.

Methods

All consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (the index stroke) admitted to the Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital between February 2006 and October 2013 were prospectively registered in The Bergen NORSTROKE Registry. On admission, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein levels were measured and prior ischemic stroke, risk factors, and medication were registered. Patients with prior versus no prior ischemic stroke were compared regarding risk factors, cholesterol levels, and use of statins on admission for the index stroke. Only patients with available cholesterol values measured on admission were included in the analyses.

Results

Of the 2,514 included patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke, 429 (17%) patients had prior ischemic stroke. We found a U‐curve relationship between the relative frequency of prior ischemic stroke and cholesterol level. Lower frequency of prior ischemic stroke was associated with high cholesterol level on admission up to 5.5 mmol/L. For cholesterol levels higher than this, the opposite was true. These associations included all patients and statin‐naive patients. For patients using statin there was a declining relative frequency of prior ischemic stroke from low to high cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

Our hypothesis was falsified. The association between lower cholesterol levels and higher frequency of prior ischemic stroke in patients with cholesterol <5.5 mmol/L cannot be solely an effect of aggressive statin treatment in patients with prior ischemic stroke, as the association pertained also to patients who did not use statin.
Latent orbital pseudotumor secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rico María , Díaz‐López José Bernardino , Peña Jorge , Oliva‐Nacarino Pedro
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical Message

Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. It may present a challenge for differential diagnosis, especially in the context of treatment with hydroxychloroquine, although dosage and duration of the treatment may guide us. Although high antibody titers can be found, this is not specific.
Palladium(II)@Zirconium‐Based Mixed‐Linker Metal–Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for Suzuki and Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sun Rong , Liu Bing , Li Bo‐Geng , Jie Suyun
Published: September 2016

Two series of amine‐functionalized Zr‐based mixed‐linker metal–organic frameworks (MOFs; UiO‐66‐Mix and UiO‐67‐Mix) have been synthesized with different ratios of 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate/2‐amino‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate and 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid/2‐amino‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid incorporated into their structures. The pendant amino groups were postmodified by the condensation reaction with pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde, and Pd metal centers were anchored onto the MOFs by coordination to the pyridylimine moieties. The two series of heterogeneous Pd catalysts (UiO‐66‐Mix‐PI‐Pd and UiO‐67‐Mix‐PI‐Pd) were utilized for the Suzuki and Heck cross‐coupling reactions in ethanol/water under mild reaction conditions and they showed a remarkably high catalytic activity. The porosity of the MOFs and the density of the metal binding sites of the Pd catalysts had great influence on the Suzuki and Heck cross‐coupling reactions. The best results were achieved with a very low Pd loading (0.054 mol %), and the use of UiO‐67‐3‐PI‐Pd catalyst led to the complete conversion of reaction substrates. Moreover, the catalysts were readily recovered and recycled in at least 10 cycles without significant leaching or loss of catalytic activity. The catalysts were generally applicable for different reaction substrates with various substituents in both Suzuki and Heck reactions.
Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to 1,3‐Propanediol on Tungstate/Zirconia‐Supported Platinum: Hydrogen Spillover Facilitated by Pt(1 1 1) Formation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhao Yujun , Wang Yue , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin
Published: September 2016

In glycerol hydrogenolysis, WOxand ReOxcatalysts have been investigated widely because of their importance for the selectivity of 1,3‐propanediol, but few studies have focused on hydrogen spillover. In this work, the hydrogen spillover effect on the catalytic performance was investigated for a series of Pt/WO3/ZrO2nanocatalysts. The spillover capacities were tuned by changing the tetragonal/monoclinic ZrO2composition and thermal treatment conditions of the Pt precursor. H2/O2titration and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm that all of the catalysts present a uniform Pt dispersion and a similar surface electron environment. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra of adsorbed CO and H2chemisorption reveal the strong correlation between the amount of Pt(1 1 1) terraces and the spillover capacities. We demonstrate that the reaction rate is influenced by hydrogen spillover, but not the acid amount or acid strength of the catalysts in this case. The important roles of Pt(1 1 1) and WO3in the spillover process are discussed.
Tumour‐Targeted Drug Delivery with Mannose‐Functionalized Nanoparticles Self‐Assembled from Amphiphilic β‐Cyclodextrins
Authors: Ye Zhou , Zhang Quan , Wang Shengtao , Bharate Priya , Varela‐Aramburu Silvia , Lu Mengji , Seeberger Peter H. , Yin Jian
Published: September 2016

Multivalent mannose‐functionalized nanoparticles self‐assembled from amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) facilitate the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to specific cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded nanoparticles equipped with multivalent mannose target units were efficiently taken up via receptor‐mediated endocytosis by MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells that overexpress the mannose receptor. Upon entering the cell, the intracellular pH causes the release of DOX, which triggers apoptosis. Targeting by multivalent mannose significantly improved the capability of DOX‐loaded nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells with minimal side effects in vivo. This targeted and controlled drug delivery system holds promise as a nanotherapeutic for cancer treatment.
Stability and Unimolecular Reactivity of Palladate(II) Complexes [LnPdR3]− (L=Phosphine, R=Organyl, n=0 and 1)
Authors: Kolter Marlene , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: September 2016

The reduction of PdII precatalysts to catalytically active Pd0 species is a key step in many palladium‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions. Besides phosphines, the stoichiometrically used organometallic reagents can afford this reduction, but do so in a poorly understood way. To elucidate the mechanism of this reaction, we have treated solutions of Pd(OAc)2 and a phosphine ligand L in tetrahydrofuran with RMgCl (R=Ph, Bn, Bu) as well as other organometallic reagents. Analysis of these model systems by electrospray‐ ionization mass spectrometry found palladate(II) complexes [LnPdR3]− (n=0 and 1), thus pointing to the occurrence of transmetallation reactions. Upon gas‐phase fragmentation, the [LnPdR3]− anions preferentially underwent a reductive elimination to yield Pd0 species. The sequence of the transmetallation and reductive elimination, thus, constitutes a feasible mechanism for the reduction of the Pd(OAc)2 precatalyst. Other species of interest observed include the PdIV complex [PdBn5]−, which did not fragment via a reductive elimination but lost BnH instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Generated from a Single Solution Based Precursor: The Effect of Na and Sb Doping.
Authors: Tiwari Devendra , Koehler Tristan , Lin Xianzhong , Harniman Robert , Griffiths Ian , Wang Lan , Cherns David , Klenk Reiner , Fermin David J.
Published: September 2016

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films are prepared by spin coating of a precursor solution on Mo‐coated glass substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Theoretical and Experimental Approach to the Discovery of Electrochemically Active Mixed Polyanionic Phosphatonitrates, AFePO4NO3 (A: NH4/Li, K).
Authors: Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Choudhury Amitava
Published: September 2016

Predictive high‐throughput DFT calculations are performed for the title phosphatonitrate compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mixed‐Ligand Approach for a Gigantic and Hollow Heterometallic Cage {Ni64RE96} for Gas Separation and Magnetic Cooling Applications.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Liao Pei‐Qin , Yu Youzhu , Zheng Zhiping , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: September 2016

The isostructural gigantic transition metal/rare earth heterometallic coordination cages {Ni64Ln96} (Ln: Gd, Dy, Y) are obtained as [Ni64Ln96(μ3‐OH)156 (IDA)66(DMPA)12(OAc)48 (NO3)24(H2O)64 ]Cl24·xMeOH·yH2O (IDA: iminodiacetic acid; DMPA: 2,2‐dimethylol propionic acid) from the reaction of Ni(OAc)2, Ln(NO3)3, IDA, DMPA, KCl, and Et3N in a 1:1 H2O/MeOH mixture (autoclave, 160 °C, 3 d; 45, 43, and 25% yield, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Benzothiophenes and Benzoselenophenes from Arylamines and Alkynes via Radical Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Zang Hao , Sun Jian‐Guo , Dong Xin , Li Ping , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2016

The title transformations occur with complete regioselectivity and moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Ring Opening of Epoxides over Triflic Acid Functionalized Cage Like Mesoporous Materials.
Authors: Dutta Prantu , Kalita Pranjal , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: September 2016

The title mesoporous materials are synthesized, characterized and used for ring opening of epoxides in excellent to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxyzincation Employing Carbon Dioxide and Zinc Powder: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Reactions with Alkynes.
Authors: Nogi Keisuke , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: September 2016

Regio‐ and stereoselective carboxyzincation reactions of alkynes provide (Z)‐β‐zincated acrylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroamidocarbonylation of 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Li Haoquan , Fang Xianjie , Jackstell Ralf , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2016

A selective method for the synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated imides via Pd‐catalyzed hydroamidocarbonylation of conjugated dienes under acid additive‐free conditions is developed (28 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Construction of Spiroindane Derivatives by Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts‐Type 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Itatsu Yukihiro , Fujino Yuta , Inoue Hiroki , Takao Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2016

A highly selective organocatalytic enantioselective intramolecular Friedel—Crafts type cyclization of cycloalkenone onto a resorcin‐type substituent is developed to give a range of spirocyclic indanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Amidoketones from Vinyl Esters via a Catalytic/Thermal Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Holthusen Katharina , Leitner Walter , Francio Giancarlo
Published: September 2016

This cascade reaction includes hydroformylation, condensation with a primary amine, and a rearrangement step giving water as the only byproduct.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoretentive Addition of N‐tert‐Butylsulfonyl‐α‐amido Silanes to Aldehydes, Ketones, α,β‐Unsaturated Esters, and Imines.
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Saito Keisuke , Sugawara Masumi , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: September 2016

The reaction proceeds with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Temporary Generation of a Cyclopropyl Oxocarbenium Ion Enables Highly Diastereoselective Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropane Cycloaddition.
Authors: Sabbatani Juliette , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2016

A novel formal [3+2] cycloaddition of cyclopropylacetals and aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles in an Air/DMSO Oxidant System.
Authors: Hu Renhe , Li Xiaotong , Tong Yao , Miao Dazhuang , Pan Qiang , Jiang Zengqiang , Gan Haifeng , Han Shiqing
Published: September 2016

The title thiazoles are prepared by cyclization of 2‐aminothiophenol with aryl aldehydes in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel 9α‐Substituted‐13‐(1,2,3‐triazolo)‐parthenolides.
Authors: Zaki Mohamed , Allouchi Hassan , El Bouakher Abderrahman , Duverger Eric , El Hakmaoui Ahmed , Daniellou Richard , Guillaumet Gerald , Akssira Mohamed
Published: September 2016

The diastereoselective Michael addition of TmsN3 to parthenolide (I) gives the key intermediate (III), which undergoes regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with various alkynes affording triazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles by Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐(Arylazo)ethene‐1,1‐diamines: A One‐Pot Approach.
Authors: Gavlik Kseniya D. , Lesogorova Svetlana G. , Sukhorukova Ekaterina S. , Subbotina Julia O. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P.
Published: September 2016

This approach involves a tandem nucleophilic addition of alkylamines to hydrazonoyl cyanides and in situ oxidative cyclization of the resulting 2‐(arylazo)ethene‐1,1‐diamines in the presence of copper(II) acetate and air.
ChemInform Abstract: General Cycloaddition Between a Trimethylsilyl‐Capped Alkyne and an Azide Catalyzed by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Copper Complex and Pyridine‐Biscarboxamide.
Authors: Xu Haochen , Sun Zhihua
Published: September 2016

The title reaction is applied to a variety of Tms‐capped substrates (I), with electron‐rich alkynes generally giving higher yields and nitroaromatic alkynes giving lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Indolyltetrahydroquinolines by Zinc(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation‐Redox Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Propargylanilines with Indoles.
Authors: Li Guangzhe , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2016

This intramolecular hydroarylation‐redox cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of propargylic anilines with indoles proceeds in the presence of zinc(II) catalysts to give 2‐indolyltetrahydroquinolines in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Arylative Desymmetrization of Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Liu Ren‐Rong , Li Bao‐Le , Lu Jun , Shen Chong , Gao Jian‐Rong , Jia Yi‐Xia
Published: September 2016

Following a scalable procedure, a series of morphan derivatives is produced in very high yields and with very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Approach to Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]benzazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Jebali Khaoula , Planchat Aurelien , Amri Hassen , Mathe‐Allainmat Monique , Lebreton Jacques
Published: September 2016

The title products are prepared following an efficient two‐step reaction sequence including an intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts cyclization of β‐benzoyl/acetyl‐substituted pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones tethered via nitrogen to an electron‐rich arene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones by Deprotective Cyclization of N‐{3‐[(2E)‐3‐Arylprop‐2‐enoyl]pyridin‐2‐yl}‐2,2‐dimethylpropanamides in Water.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Kosuna Risa , Imaoka Ayumi
Published: September 2016

Title compounds are synthesized in a three‐step reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Direct C(sp2)—H Phosphorylation of Indoles Leading to Phosphoindoles.
Authors: Sun Wang‐Bin , Xue Jian‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Yu , Zeng Run‐Sheng , An Li‐Tao , Zhang Pei‐Zhi , Zou Jian‐Ping
Published: September 2016

Phosphonoindoles are regioselectively obtained in moderate to good yields by a radical process.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholidine (N‐Heterocyclic Phosphine)‐Mediated Carbon—Phosphorus Bond‐Forming, One‐Pot Tandem Reaction: A Route to α‐Amino Phosphonates.
Authors: Mulla Karimulla , Kang Jun Yong
Published: September 2016

For the construction of an N—C—P bond unit, a 1,3,2‐diazaphospholidine (N‐heterocyclic phosphine)—thiourea‐mediated phospha‐Mannich/intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Heterocycle: Furo[3,2‐c]isoselenazole.
Authors: Bardasov Ivan N. , Mikhailov Denis L. , Alekseeva Anastasiya U. , Ershov Oleg V. , Tafeenko Viktor A.
Published: September 2016

Previously undescribed isoselenazoles (II) are obtained by a simple domino process in one synthetic operation from malononitriles (I) with potassium selenocyanate.
ChemInform Abstract: Withanolides Derived from Physalis peruviana (Poha) with Potential Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Chang Leng Chee , et al.
Published: September 2016

Three new withanolides, physaperuvin G (I), I (II) and J (III), are isolated together with seven known compounds from the aerial parts of Physalis peruviana.
ChemInform Abstract: Hafnium(IV) Triflate as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ferrier Rearrangement of O‐ and S‐Nucleophiles with Glycals.
Authors: Liu Yonghui , Song Tianbang , Meng Weijia , Xu Yun , Wang Peng George , Zhao Wei
Published: September 2016

2,3‐Unsaturated O‐ and S‐glycosides are obtained by stereoselective glycosylation of glucal (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Ba2V2O7 Phosphor Powders and Films Using Immiscible Biphasic Organic—Aqueous Systems.
Authors: Takahashi Mami , Hagiwara Manabu , Fujihara Shinobu
Published: September 2016

Both powders and films of the title phosphor are synthesized using a biphasic organic—aqueous system consisting of an aqueous solution of Ba(OAc)2 and a solution of VO(OEt)3 in xylene (80 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Noble‐Metal Nanocrystals with Controlled Facets for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hong Jong Wook , Kim Yena , Kwon Yongmin , Han Sang Woo
Published: September 2016

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Carbenes, Gold‐Stabilized Carbocations, and Cationic Intermediates Relevant to Gold‐Catalyzed Enyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Harris R. J. , Widenhoefer R. A.
Published: September 2016

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag‐Catalyzed C—H/C—C Bond Functionalization
Authors: Zheng Qing‐Zhong , Jiao Ning
Published: September 2016

Review: [160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in C‐Alkynylation of Sugars and its Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tatina Madhu Babu , Hussain Altaf , Dhas Ashtosh Kumar , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: September 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Carbo‐Functionalization of Olefins Using Sulfonyl Derivatives
Authors: Ovadia Benjamin , Robert Frederic , Landais Yannick
Published: September 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: RTILs in Catalytic Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Fischmeister Cedric , Bruneau Christian
Published: September 2016

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis Reactions on Solid‐Phase: Towards New Synthesis Challenges
Authors: Franzen Robert G.
Published: September 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Manganese Catalysis for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Carney Jonathan R. , Dillon Barry. R. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: September 2016

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ivermectin: A Reflection on Simplicity (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Campbell William C.
Published: September 2016

Review: 19 refs.
Entwicklung eines optisch zugänglichen Reaktors zur Thermographiemessung in einer Katalysatorschüttung
Authors: Schüler Christian , Hinrichsen Olaf
Published: September 2016

Um die intrinsische Kinetik bei heterogen‐katalysierten stark exothermen Gasphasenreaktionen messen zu können, sollten sowohl Stoff‐ als auch Wärmetransportlimitierungen vermieden werden. Auch eine Ungleichverteilung der Temperatur im Katalysatorbett, wie sie durch Hotspots verursacht wird, wirkt sich verfälschend auf diese Ergebnisse aus. Eine vielversprechende Technik zur kontaktlosen Temperaturmessung ist die Thermographie. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde diese Technik verwendet, um die Temperaturentwicklung und ‐verteilung während der stark exothermen CO2‐Methanisierung in Abhängigkeit der Bett‐ und Feedgasverdünnung sowie der Katalysatorbelastung zu untersuchen.
Prostate cancer screening: Do guidelines matter?
Authors: Kearns James T. , Gore John L.
Published: September 2016

The prostate‐specific antigen practices reported by Hutchinson et al in this issue of Cancer may reflect an isolated persistence of prostate‐specific antigen ordering behaviors in a local health system due to other broader reports. However, it also raises an important issue: what is the appropriate level of screening and referral? Could continued but more thoughtful prostate‐specific antigen screening and urology referral lead to better health outcomes among men with prostate cancer?

See also pages 3785‐93.
Persistence of minimal residual disease assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry is highly prognostic in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan , Pierce Sherry , Brandt Mark , Wang Sa , Konoplev Sergej , Wang Xuemei , Huang Xuelin , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney , Andreeff Michael , Konopleva Marina , Estrov Zeev , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Predicting outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on the basis of pretreatment predictors has been the cornerstone of management. Posttreatment prognostic factors are increasingly being evaluated.

METHODS

Among 280 younger patients who were treated with intermediate‐dose cytarabine (total ≥ 5 g/m2) and idarubicin‐based induction chemotherapy and achieved remission, 186 were assessed for minimal residual disease (MRD) with an 8‐color multiparameter flow cytometry panel performed on bone marrow specimens with a sensitivity of 0.1% or higher.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty‐six patients had samples available 1 to 2 months after induction at the time of complete remission (CR), and 79% became negative for MRD, with an MRD‐negative status associated with an improvement in relapse‐free survival (RFS;P = .0002) and overall survival (OS;P = .0002). One hundred sixteen were evaluated for their MRD status during consolidation, and 86% were negative, with an MRD‐negative status associated with a significant improvement in RFS (P < .0001) and OS (P < .0001). Sixty‐nine patients were evaluated for their MRD status after completion of all therapy, and 84% were negative, with an MRD‐negative status associated with an improvement in RFS (P < .0001) and OS (P < .0001). In a multivariate analysis including age, cytogenetics, response (CR vs CR with incomplete platelet recovery/incomplete blood count recovery), and MRD, achieving an MRD‐negative status was the most important independent predictor of RFS and OS at response (P = .008 andP = .0008, respectively), during consolidation (P < .0001 for both), and at the completion of therapy (P < .0001 andP = .002, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Achieving an MRD‐negative status according to multiparameter flow cytometry is associated with a highly significant improvement in the outcomes of younger patients with AML receiving cytosine arabinoside plus idarubicin‐based induction and consolidation regimens.Cancer2017;123:426–435.©2016 American Cancer Society.
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitory Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Prasugrel Used in Combination With Aspirin in Healthy Japanese Subjects
Authors: Umemura Kazuo , Ikeda Yasuhiko , Matsushima Nobuko , Kondo Kazunao
Published: September 2016

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel used in combination with aspirin in healthy Japanese subjects. All subjects received aspirin 100 mg/day. Subsequently, in the single‐administration study, 23 subjects also received prasugrel 20 or 30 mg, and in the multiple‐administration study, 20 subjects received a loading dose of prasugrel 20 or 30 mg on day 1, followed by a maintenance dose of prasugrel 5 or 7.5 mg/day, respectively, on days 2–5. In both studies, the plasma concentration of the active metabolite of prasugrel, R‐138727, reached a maximum 0.5 hours after administration and rapidly decreased within 4 hours. In the single‐administration study, the inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the prasugrel 20‐ and 30‐mg groups than in the placebo group at all times (1–144 hours) after administration. In the multiple‐administration study, a similar antiplatelet effect was found after both the loading dose and the maintenance dose and was maintained for 3–6 days after the last administration. There were study drug‐related adverse events; however, all were mild, and none was clinically significant.
Beneficial Role of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electron Extraction in Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cho Kyung Taek , Grancini Giulia , Lee Yonghui , Konios Dimitrios , Paek Sanghyun , Kymakis Emmanuel , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: September 2016

In this work we systematically investigated the role of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By mixing rGO within the mesoporous TiO2 (m‐TiO2) matrix, highly efficient solar cells with power conversion efficiency values up to 19.54 % were realized. In addition, the boosted beneficial role of rGO with and without Li‐treated m‐TiO2 is highlighted, improving transport and injection of photoexcited electrons. This combined system may pave the way for further development and optimization of electron transport and collection in high efficiency PSCs.
Comparing tree‐ring and permanent plot estimates of aboveground net primary production in three eastern U.S. forests
Authors: Dye Alex , Barker Plotkin Audrey , Bishop Daniel , Pederson Neil , Poulter Benjamin , Hessl Amy
Published: September 2016

Forests account for a large portion of sequestered carbon, much of which is stored as wood in trees. The rate of carbon accumulation in aboveground plant material, or aboveground net primary productivity (aNPP), quantifies annual to decadal variations in forest carbon sequestration. Permanent plots are often used to estimate aNPP but are usually not annually resolved and take many years to develop a long data set. Tree rings are a unique and infrequently used source for measuring aNPP, and benefit from fine spatial (individual trees) and temporal (annual) resolution. Because of this precision, tree rings are complementary to permanent plots and the suite of tools used to study forest productivity. Here we evaluate whether annual estimates of aNPP developed from tree rings approximate estimates derived from colocated permanent plots. We studied a lowland evergreen (Howland, Maine), mixed deciduous (Harvard Forest, Massachusetts), and mixed mesophytic (Fernow, West Virginia) forest in the eastern United States. Permanent plots at the sites cover an area of 2–3 ha, and we use these areas as benchmarks indicative of the forest stand. We simulate random draws of permanent plot subsets to describe the distribution of aNPP estimates given a sampling area size equivalent to the tree‐ring plots. Though mean tree‐ring aNPP underestimates permanent plot aNPP slightly at Howland and Fernow and overestimates at Harvard Forest when compared with the entire permanent plot, it is within the 95% confidence interval of the random draws of equal‐sized sampling area at all sites. To investigate whether tree‐ring aNPP can be upscaled to the stand, we conducted a second random draw of permanent plot subsets simulating a twofold increase in sampling area. aNPP estimates from this distribution were not significantly different from results of the initial sampling area, though variance decreased as sampling area approaches stand area. Despite several concerns to consider when using tree rings to reconstruct aNPP (e.g., upscaling, allometric, and sampling uncertainties), the benefits are apparent, and we call for the continued application of tree rings in carbon cycle studies across a broader range of species diversity, productivity, and disturbance histories to fully develop this potential.
Ploidy level in the genus Leucanthemum correlates with resistance to a specialist herbivore
Authors: Stutz Sonja , Hinz Hariet L. , Konowalik Kamil , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , Oberprieler Christoph , Schaffner Urs
Published: September 2016

Polyploidy is considered to be a major source of genetic diversity in plants. Genome duplication has been shown repeatedly to be associated with changes in biotic interactions, but little is known about whether species traits such as herbivore resistance consistently change with increasing ploidy level among closely related plant species. We tested whether larval survival and performance of the specialist root‐mining moth Dichrorampha aeratana are influenced by the ploidy level of plant species in the genus Leucanthemum by experimentally infesting 16 different taxa with ploidy levels ranging from diploid to dodecaploid. We found that survival of D. aeratana larvae consistently decreased with increasing ploidy level, irrespective of whether phylogenetic distance among taxa was taken into account or not. The mass of larvae and the proportion of adults emerging from last‐instar larvae, however, did not consistently change with increasing ploidy level. Root biomass and dry matter content of the Leucanthemum taxa were neither correlated with ploidy level nor correlated with survival or mass of D. aeratana larvae. In summary, our results provide evidence that in the genus Leucanthemum, resistance to the specialist root herbivore D. aeratana consistently increases with increasing plant ploidy level, but it remains unclear which characteristics associated with polyploidy account for the higher herbivore resistance.
Local and Nonlocal Procurement of Raw Material in Amud Cave, Israel: The Complex Mobility of Late Middle Paleolithic Groups
Authors: Ekshtain Ravid , Ilani Shimon , Segal Irina , Hovers Erella
Published: September 2016

Studying the distribution of lithic raw materials around prehistoric sites, their procurement, transport, and use, are important for understanding organizational decisions of hunter‐gatherers. Here we examine lithic technological organization in two stratigraphic subunits B4 and B1 (dated ∼ 68 and ∼ 55 ka, respectively) at the Neanderthal site of Amud Cave. The lithic assemblages are made exclusively of flint. An ArcGIS model is used to create a predictive model for daily exploitation territories (DETs) around the site. Using a battery of statistical methods (ANOVA, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis), we link flint visual types with geochemical characteristics (obtained through inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry and ICP atomic emission spectrometry) of both geological and archaeological flints. Results indicate that local materials are abundant in both subunits. Nonlocal raw materials (from areas beyond the modeled DET) amount to 30–40% across all technological categories, suggesting long‐distance transport. The technological patterns of the nonlocal raw material differ between the two subunits. Pending results of additional work, we suggest that nonlocal flint types were likely obtained from distances >60 km. Mobility patterns inferred from this study suggest that Amud Cave was a focal location within its settlement system during both occupation periods, but the manner of site use and mobility patterns changed through time.
Direct intralesional ethanol sclerotherapy of extensive venous malformations with oropharyngeal involvement after a temporary tracheotomy in the head and neck: Initial results
Authors: Wang Deming , Su Lixin , Han Yifeng , Wang Zhenfeng , Zheng Lianzhou , Li Jichen , Fan Xindong
Published: September 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct intralesional ethanol sclerotherapy for venous malformations (VMs) with oropharyngeal involvement after a temporary tracheotomy.

Methods

A retrospective assessment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of direct intralesional ethanol sclerotherapy on 21 consecutive patients presenting with extensive VMs involving the oropharynx in the head and neck and who had undergone tracheotomy.

Results

Of the 21 patients, 4 were treated once and 17 were treated from 2 to 5 times. The duration of follow‐up was, on average, 9.1 months. Of the 21 patients, 7 (33.3%) had complete palliation, whereas the rest (66.7%) achieved partial palliation. Minor complications occurred in 12 of the 21 patients.

Conclusion

Direct intralesional ethanol sclerotherapy after a temporary tracheotomy is a safe and effective treatment for extensive VMs involving oropharyngeal areas of the head and neck. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 288–296, 2017
Proposed homology of the dorsomedial subdivision and V‐shaped layer of the avian hippocampus to Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus, respectively
Authors: Atoji Yasuro , Sarkar Sonjoy , Wild J. Martin
Published: September 2016

The avian hippocampal formation differs considerably from that of mammals both in terms of position and cytoarchitecture. On the basis of fiber connections in pigeons, however, we previously proposed that the dorsomedial subdivision (DM) and the V‐shaped layer of the hippocampal formation correspond to Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus of mammals, respectively. In the present study, we provide evidence in support of this hypothesis by double staining hippocampal neurons using tract‐tracing and gene expression. After cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) was injected into the lateral septal nucleus (SL), and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) mRNA, a gene marker for glutamatergic neurons, was visualized in the same retrogradely labeled neurons with in situ hybridization, most CTB+/vGluT2+ neurons were concentrated in DM, but were rare in the V‐shaped layer. The distribution pattern of CTB+/vGluT2+ neurons in the hippocampal formation did not change when CTB injection sites were shifted in a rostrocaudal direction in SL. SL expresses a variety of mRNAs for ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits (GluA1, GluA2, GluK2, GluK4, and GluN1). The findings indicate that DM neurons provide descending glutamatergic axons to SL. Additionally, the present study showed that Prox1 mRNA, a gene marker for the dentate gyrus in mammals, was intensely expressed in the V‐shaped layer in the pigeon hippocampus. Together these results strengthen our original hypothesis that DM and the V‐shaped layer in the pigeon hippocampus are homologous to Ammon's Horn and the dentate gyrus, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women Leaders’ Work‐Life Imbalance in South Korean Companies: A Collaborative Qualitative Study
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Park Jiwon , Ju Boreum , Han Soo Jeoung , Moon Hanna , Park Sohee , Ju Ahreum , Park Eugene
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this collaborative qualitative study was to investigate the lived experience of women leaders in South Korean companies who manage their work and life and develop their leadership in the face of organizational and cultural constraints. Critical to this investigation was the understanding of three concepts represented in the literature on women in leadership: cultural context, work‐life balance, and leadership development. A team of eight researchers conducted a collaborative qualitative study to interview 50 women leaders using a purposeful and snowball sampling method. As a result, we found that women leaders experience difficulties in work‐life balance and leadership development largely due to a gendered workplace. By gendered workplace we mean frequent drinking after work, the exclusion of women leaders from informal networking, and a lack of developmental opportunities. The gendered workplace forced them to sacrifice their personal lives in order to work long hours and develop their own strategies for work‐life balance. We also found that there were noticeable differences in their narratives by position (28 team leaders and 22 executives) and marital status (37 married and 13 singles) concerning family support, major challenges, definitions of success, leadership styles, and mentors. Based on the study findings, we provided implications for research and practice and the study limitations.