bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Novel Human-Fixed Cadaveric Model Reproducing Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation for Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Gosselin Laura-Elisabeth , Morin Nicolas , Gariépy Charles , Chamberland Mathieu , Beaulieu Olivier , Nadeau Sylvie , Champagne Pierre-Olivier
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a well-established surgical approach to the skull base. Surgeons need a reusable long-lasting tool to acquire the skills needed for skull base reconstruction. The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a human formalin-fixed cadaveric model that reproduces a realistic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and that adequately renders a CSF leak.

METHODS:

An external ventricular drain that connects with a peristaltic pump is placed in the subarachnoid space, which allows a water circulation that reproduces CSF circulation. Intracranial pressure is measured in real time. Endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches are performed, to create different skull base openings and CSF leaks. Participants were tasked with reconstruction of the defects using a standardized multilayered approach, with the goal of obtaining a watertight closure under normal intracranial pressure ranges. Compiled data included time of reconstruction, years of experience of participants, and success/failure to achieve a watertight reconstruction. A Likert questionnaire was also used.

RESULTS:

The cadaveric model reproduced CSF circulation in 4 types of dural defects: sellar, suprasellar, transcribriform, and transclival. Intracranial pressures were similar to physiological conditions and were reproducible. Each model was tested multiple times, over several months. Success rates concurred with training levels (r = .8282 and P = .0017). A strong inverse correlation was also found between years of experience and time of reconstruction (r = .4977 and P < .0001). Participants agreed that the model was realistic (median Likert score of 4), and they strongly agreed that it allowed for the improvement of their surgical skills (median Likert score of 5).

CONCLUSION:

This novel human-fixed cadaveric model for CSF circulation is efficient and adequately reproduces surgical conditions for skull base approaches. The model is unique, easy to reproduce, and reusable. It can be used as a tool for teaching and for research purposes.
A Novel Marking Technique for Accurate Minimal Invasive Approaches in Spine Tumor Surgeries With Activated Carbon Marking
Authors: Hem Santiago , Padilla-Lichtenberger Fernando Lucio , Borensztein Matias , Del Valle Juan , Landriel Federico
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To describe a novel, practical, reproducible, and effective preoperative marking technique for accurate localization of the spinal level in a series of patients with tumor lesions.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing minimally invasive (MIS) surgery for spine tumors from 2016 to 2021, in which this marking technique was used. Twenty-one patients, with tumor lesions involving difficult radioscopic visualization (cervicothoracic junction or upper dorsal spine, C6-T8), were included. Tumor lesion level was previously determined with enhanced MRI in all cases. Twenty-four to forty-eight hours before surgery, computed tomography image–guided carbon marking was performed by administration of aqueous suspension of carbon with a 21-gauge needle placed resembling the MIS approach planned trajectory. During surgery, activated carbon marking was followed until reaching the final target on the bone. Next, sequential dilators and an MIS retractor were placed. Then, bone resection and tumor exeresis were performed according to the case.

RESULTS:

Average age was 60.6 years (26-76 years). Fifteen (71%) patients were women. In most cases (76%), tumor pathology involved intradural lesions (meningiomas and schwannomas). In all cases, the marking described allowed to accurately guide the MIS approach to tumor site. Neither intraoperative fluoroscopy nor approach enlargement was required in any procedure. Postoperative complications were reported in only 4 patients, none related with the marking.

CONCLUSION:

Computed tomography image–guided activated carbon marking allows to accurately lead MIS approaches in a practical, reproducible, and effective way in cases of tumors localized in regions of the spine of difficult radioscopic visualization.
Thg1 family 3′–5′ RNA polymerases as tools for targeted RNA synthesis
Authors: Jayasinghe Malithi I. , Patel Krishna J. , Jackman Jane E.
Published: July 2024

Members of the 3′–5′ RNA polymerase family, comprised of tRNAHisguanylyltransferase (Thg1) and Thg1-like proteins (TLPs), catalyze templated synthesis of RNA in the reverse direction to all other known 5′–3′ RNA and DNA polymerases. The discovery of enzymes capable of this reaction raised the possibility of exploiting 3′–5′ polymerases for posttranscriptional incorporation of nucleotides to the 5′-end of nucleic acids without ligation, and instead by templated polymerase addition. To date, studies of these enzymes have focused on nucleotide addition to highly structured RNAs, such as tRNA and other noncoding RNAs. Consequently, general principles of RNA substrate recognition and nucleotide preferences that might enable broader application of 3′–5′ polymerases have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the feasibility of using Thg1 or TLPs for multiple nucleotide incorporation to the 5′-end of a short duplex RNA substrate, using a templating RNA oligonucleotide provided intransto guide 5′-end addition of specific sequences. Using optimized assay conditions, we demonstrated a remarkable capacity of certain TLPs to accommodate short RNA substrate-template duplexes of varying lengths with significantly high affinity, resulting in the ability to incorporate a desired nucleotide sequence of up to eight bases to 5′-ends of the model RNA substrates in a template-dependent manner. This work has further advanced our goals to develop this atypical enzyme family as a versatile nucleic acid 5′-end labeling tool.
Διερεύνηση πιθανής ενθεσοπάθειας σε ασθενείς με ψωρίαση συγκεκριμένων εντοπίσεων, με σύγχρονες απεικονιστικές μεθόδους (High resolution MRI ή/και Ultrasound), πριν και μετά την αγωγή με βιολογικούς παράγοντες ή απρεμιλάστη
Authors: Αληφακιώτη Δήμητρα
Published: July 2024

Εισαγωγή: Η ψωρίαση είναι μία χρόνια φλεγμονώδης νόσος που οφείλεται σε διαταραγμένη λειτουργία των Τ λεμφοκυττάρων. Προσβάλλει ποσοστό 1-3% του γενικού πληθυσμού παγκοσμίως και είναι το ίδιο συχνή σε άντρες και γυναίκες. Υπάρχουν διάφορες χαρακτηριστικές κλινικές μορφές ψωρίασης. Συνήθως παρατηρούνται χρονιές λεπιδώδεις πλάκες που εντοπίζονται στους αγκώνες, στα γόνατα και στο τριχωτό της κεφαλής, ενώ ψωριασική αρθρίτιδα εμφανίζεται έως και στο 30% των ασθενών. Σκοπός : Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν η εντόπιση αρχόμενων βλαβών ενθεσοπάθειας σε ασθενείς με ψωρίαση και προδιαθεσικούς παράγοντες για εμφάνιση ψωριασικής αρθρίτιδας (π.χ. ψωριασική ονυχία, ψωρίαση στη μεσογλουτιαία σχισμή, στο τριχωτό της κεφαλής) πριν από την έναρξη φαρμακευτικής αγωγής με βιολογικούς παράγοντες «σεκουκινουμάμπη» ή απρεμιλάστη. Με τη βοήθεια απεικονιστικών μεθόδων πραγματοποιήθηκε η παρακολούθηση της πορείας και εξέλιξης των ασθενών υπό αγωγή, στις 0 και 16 εβδομάδες. Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη εντάχθηκαν 76 ασθενείς όλων των ηλικιών που παρακολουθούνταν στα εξωτερικά ιατρεία ή στην Δερματολογική Κλινική του Πανεπιστημιακού Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Λάρισας κατά τη διάρκεια του 2018/2019. Για την κατάταξη των ασθενών καθώς και για την παρακολούθηση των ασθενών, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα PASI score, NAPSI score, Caspar Criteria και το DLQI. Πριν από την ένταξη τους στη μελέτη, οι ασθενείς υπέγραφαν έντυπο συγκατάθεσης. Μετά την υπογραφή του εντύπου συγκατάθεσης οι ασθενείς υποβάλλονταν σε έναν απλό βιοχημικό και αιματολογικό έλεγχο και γινόταν καταγραφή ειδικών δεικτών βαρύτητας της ψωρίασης (PASI σκορ, NAPSI σκορ και το DLQI ). Αποτελέσματα: Διαπιστώθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δυο ομάδων ασθενών Και στους τρεις δείκτες: Από τη μη παραμετρική δοκιμασία Mann-Whitney U-test προκύπτει ότι η ποσοστιαία μεταβολή του PASI και του DLQI στα δύο φάρμακα παρουσιάζει στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά (p-value < 0.001). Από το παραμετρικό T-test προέκυψε ότι η ποσοστιαία μεταβολή του NAPSI στα δύο φάρμακα παρουσιάζει στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά (p-value = 0.003).Αναφορικά με την απεικόνιση, από τη δοκιμασία Two-sample Z test προέκυψε ότι μετά τη χορήγηση υπάρχει στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά μόνο στο οίδημα για τους δύο πληθυσμούς που έλαβαν τα διαφορετικά φάρμακα (p-values = 0.004 < 0.007). Συμπέρασμα: Η παρούσα μελέτη αναδεικνύει την ανωτερότητα του φαρμάκου «σεκουκινουμάμπη» έναντι του φαρμάκου «απρεμιλάστη» στις παραμέτρους PASI, DLQI και NAPSI, και απεικοντιστικά σε ασθενείς με διαγνωσμένη ψωρίαση και προδιαθεσικούς παράγοντες για ψωριασική αρθρίτιδα, χωρίς όμως εγκατεστημένη ψωριασική αρθρίτιδα. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας μελέτης ενισχύουν την άποψη για πρώιμη εντατική θεραπεία με σεκουκινουμάμπη σε άτομα με σοβαρή ψωρίαση, η οποία θα μπορούσε ενδεχομένως να τροποποιήσει τη φυσική πορεία της νόσου, ακόμη και να αποτρέψει την ανάπτυξη PsA, με συνέπεια καλύτερη έκβαση για τους ασθενείς.
call for different perspectives
Authors: Bedford Alison , Barnes Naomi
Published: July 2024

This miniature offers a provocation to consider both how and why the teaching of differing perspectives in history classrooms is undertaken in different nations and the relationship this has with citizenship in liberal democracies.  Drawing on some initial survey data from Australian history teachers, the authors highlight the inconsistent understanding of the concept of perspective and the pressing need to maintain a focus on different perspectives at a time when far-right conservativism seeks to establish a monovocal grand narrative that returns to a ‘history of the victors’ approach to the detriment of multicultural, democratic societies.
Records of antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Mardiyan Kurniawati Eighty , Rahmawati Nur Anisah
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast milk is a critical element in developing a baby’s immunity through immune transfer. Antibodies are an essential unit of immunity against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper explores antibodies in breast milk in postpartum women who have been vaccinated or exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Duration of antibody appearance was studied to determine the adequate time in transferring antibodies by breastfeeding. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used as sources of articles. Inclusion criteria applied in selecting articles were prospective observational study or experimental design study in English, evaluating antibodies in breast milk, and conducted between 2019–2021. Article quality and risk of bias were assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The data found were synthesized in a narrative manner. Results: This systematic review included 20 articles. A total of 306 postpartum women who were infected with COVID-19, 20 postpartum women who had viral symptoms and 495 postpartum women who had been vaccinated were studied. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were found in the breast milk of infected and vaccinated postpartum women. SARS CoV-2 infection is associated with the presence of IgA dominant, whereas vaccination is related to the presence of IgG dominant. Antibodies persisted from day 10 of onset to 10 months in infected postpartum women and started from three days to six weeks in vaccinated postpartum women. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the variety of articles. Conclusions: Antibodies found in breast milk in infected and vaccinated postpartum women have different dominant types. Further research needs to be done regarding the mechanism of antibody transfer in breast milk, longer research duration and studies that directly examine the comparison of antibodies in breast milk in vaccinated and infected postpartum women. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340859, 23 June 2022).
Depression, anxiety, and stress among urban and rural adolescents in Shivamogga, Karnataka
Authors: Mallya Ajay , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Kumar Praveen
Published: July 2024

Background Currently there are 1.3 billion adolescents worldwide, which makes up 16% of the world population. Over 20% of adolescents around the world are thought to have behavioural or mental health issues. Addressing mental health issues is very important for the promotion of positive health in adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years each from urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. Results Depression, anxiety and stress were found to be 23.1%, 29.4% and 26.6% in urban areas and 19.1%, 24% and 21.1% in rural areas respectively. Depression was more common among females in both urban and rural settings, with a significant difference observed in rural areas. Anxiety and stress were also more prevalent among females, with anxiety significantly higher in urban females. Urban adolescents exhibited higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to their rural counterparts. Conclusions About a quarter of the adolescent population suffers from depression anxiety and stress. Adopting and implementing better education and health policies are necessary to enhance adolescent mental health.
Revisiting Mac-2-Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer (M2BPGi) for Diagnosing High-Risk Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Stepwise Diagnostic Analysis
Authors: Bestari Muhammad Begawan , Haryono Haryono , Wijaya Muhammad Palar , Girawan Dolvy , Agustanti Nenny , Nugraha Eka Surya
Published: July 2024

Abstract* Background The level of liver fibrosis is the basis for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and it is necessary to adapt non-invasive liver fibrosis modalities. We aimed to investigate the use of M2BPGi as a single or combined diagnostic modality for liver fibrosis in CHB patients through a stepwise diagnostic analysis. Methods Cross-sectional data were taken from patients between October 2021 and August 2022. Demographic data, blood profile, liver function, and liver stiffness were measured in CHB patients over 18 years old, willing to take part in the research, and had complete data. APRI, FIB-4, and AAR were calculated using the well-known formulas. Serum M2BPGi-levels were converted into a cut-off index (COI). The patients were divided into low-risk (LR) and high-risk fibrosis (HR) groups. A cut-off for each predictor variable to differentiate between the LR and HR groups was determined. The obtained cut-off was assessed for its association with the grouping of liver elastography results. Models to diagnose the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥8 kPa were created and compared through multivariate and ROC analyses. Results The number of patients that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 143 (HR = 65, LR = 78). The cut-off for diagnosing LSM ≥8kPa was 0.311, 0.742, 0.635, and 1.434 for APRI, FIB-4, AAR, and M2BPGi, respectively. This cut-off was significantly associated with the results of the HR and LR groupings. A multivariate analysis found that FIB4, AAR, and M2BPGi added significantly to the model. Statistically, the most optimal use of M2BPGi was combined with FIB-4, with an AUC of 0.835. Conclusions The optimal cut-off of M2BPGi for diagnosing high-risk liver fibrosis in this study was 1.434. M2BPGi should be used with FIB-4 as a diagnostic tool for diagnosing liver fibrosis, especially in the absence of a liver biopsy or elastography.
Neurotoxicity of nanoplastics: A review
Authors: Gan Adrienne Jia Wen , Chia Kiat Fatt , Lim Chooi Ling , Tan Boon Keat , Wong Shew Fung , Chye Soi Moi , Leong Chee Onn , Koh Rhun Yian
Published: July 2024

With the increase in plastic waste in the environment, it is undeniable that humans and most organisms are exposed to plastic particles of various sizes, including nanoplastics (NPs). Humans are at risk owing to various routes of entry, including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. While the toxicity of NPs is still debatable due to the scarcity of resources and research, most studies have concluded that NPs may exert toxicity, which exacerbates their neurotoxicity potential. Earlier studies concluded that NPs can cause oxidative stress, which results in apoptosis of neuronal cells. Some studies have shown that NPs can affect fundamental cell functions by inducing physical stress through deposition. Furthermore, studies on in vivo models exposed to NPs have demonstrated behavioral changes that are presumably due to alterations in acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitter levels. This review discusses studies conducted on the neurotoxic potential of NPs and their effects, which are dependent on several parameters, including size and type of NPs, exposure concentration, duration, and various models at risk of NP exposure. Furthermore, speculations on how NPs are related to neurotoxicity are also discussed.
Antecedents of entrepreneurial networking behavior and its impact on business performance - a systematic literature review
Authors: Singh Sheetal , Basri Savitha
Published: July 2024

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the existing research on the antecedents of entrepreneurial networking behavior namely motivational factors and personality factors and its impact on business performance. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a systematic review methodology, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.. Using the SCOPUS database, the search involved Boolean operators to narrow down relevant articles published in English between 2000 and 2024. Following a meticulous screening process, 32 articles were selected for review after removing duplicates and excluding non-English articles. Methodological quality assessment ensuring focused research questions, precise subject selection methods, representative samples, and reliable measurement instruments was carried out. Findings The results demonstrate that entrepreneurs who are self-reliant and extroverted have fewer partners, however, these traits positively impact networking activities. The Big Five personality traits predict business creation and success of ventures. Desire for financial gain, risk-taking propensity, self-confidence, and the need for achievement influences networking behavior. Implications The insights given in this paper can be used for establishing valuable connections, investing in resources, and preparing effective strategies for businesses. Policymakers who aim to promote entrepreneurial behavior among experienced individuals must emphasize the motivations for starting a business and the role of personalities in harnessing and leveraging individual entrepreneurial expertise. Originality The existing literature on antecedents of entrepreneurial networking Behavior and the relationship of these antecedents together with business performance is limited. Further, this review article also offers avenues for future researchers.
Parents’ satisfaction with physiotherapy services for neuropediatric outpatients in government and private hospitals in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: AlNaqbi Hanadi Ahmed , Kim Meeyoung , Al-Yateem Nabeel , Hegazy Fatma
Published: July 2024

Background Healthcare, like other industries, emphasizes performance, quality, and consumer experience while also attempting to reduce costs. However, high-quality healthcare remains paramount for vulnerable and ill patients. This study aimed to investigate parents' and caregivers' level of satisfaction with physiotherapy services provided to neuropediatric outpatients on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 103 parents/caregivers of children with neurological disabilities that were randomly selected from different Emirates Health Services Hospitals in the UAE. Data was collected using the long-form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-III). Results The overall mean satisfaction was 159±7.73 (out of 250 points). Communication (20.36/25), interpersonal factors (20.17/35), and doctor-patient time (20.17/35) had the highest mean satisfaction scores (8.06/10). The lowest mean satisfaction scores were for access/availability/convenience (34.60/60), technical quality (33.17/50), and economic elements (23.83/40). Conclusion Despite participants’ overall satisfaction scores being positive, some service domains require improvement to improve satisfaction, specifically the access/availability/convenience, technical quality, and economic elements. These areas should be prioritized by service providers and managers to improve patients’ experiences and clinical outcomes.
Psychotherapy with people with intellectual disabilities: a historical perspective
Authors: Kornaj Jan
Published: July 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja historii psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Artykuł jest przeglądem literatury dotyczącej psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Przedstawia w kolejności chronologicznej wybrane treści zawarte w najważniejszych tekstach dotyczących tej dziedziny praktyki psychoterapeutycznej. Jako pioniera w psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną uznaje się psychoanalityka Leona Pierce’a Clarka i jego pisma z początku lat trzydziestych. Równocześnie już w roku 1928 polski psychiatra Gustaw Bychowski apelował o włączenie pacjentów z NI w obręb oddziaływania psychoterapii. W latach siedemdziesiątych podjęte zostały pierwsze próby wykorzystania technik behawioralnych w terapii osób z NI oraz poprawy metodologii badań skuteczności psychoterapii. W odniesieniu do psychoterapii osób z NI rozwijane były oryginalne psychoterapeutyczne podejścia, takie jak pre-terapia Prouty’ego czy symboliczna terapia interakcyjna Caton. W latach osiemdziesiątych postęp rozwoju koncepcji psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w nurcie psychoanalitycznym następował dzięki pracy grupy warsztatowej londyńskiej kliniki Tavistock. Od lat dziewięćdziesiątych Nigel Beail rozwija metodologię badań efektywności psychoterapii psychodynamicznej i psychoanalitycznej z osobami z NI i publikuje wyniki swoich badań. W XXI wieku pojawiają się wciąż nowe doniesienia dotyczące skuteczności psychoterapii psychodynamicznej, poznawczo-behawioralnej, a także systemowej, jak również przeglądy literatury i metaanalizy. Większość prac dotyczących psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną odnosi się do ubogiej literatury na ten temat i ignorancji psychoterapeutycznego mainstreamu. Mimo, że wciąż przybywa opracowań teoretycznych oraz badań dotyczących skuteczności psychoterapii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, wciąż jest to temat marginalizowany przez główny nurt praktyki psychoterapeutycznej.
IV konferencja naukowa WIAD22 pt. „Połączony świat” – Światowy Dzień Architektury Informacji na UMK w Toruniu
Authors: Szalach Adam Jakub
Published: July 2024

Artykuł jest sprawozdaniem z konferencji naukowej WIAD22, która odbyła się w dniach 5–6 marca 2022 r. w związku z obchodami Światowego Dnia Architektury Informacji. Organizatorem konferencji był Instytut Badań Informacji i Komunikacji na Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
Improving the Efficiency of Payments Systems Using Quantum Computing
Authors: McMahon Christopher , McGillivray Donald , Desai Ajit , Rivadeneyra Francisco , Lam Jean-Paul , Lo Thomas , Marsden Danica , Skavysh Vladimir
Published: July 2024

High-value payment systems (HVPSs) are typically liquidity intensive because payments are settled on a gross basis. State-of-the-art solutions to this problem include algorithms that seek netting sets and allow for ad hoc reordering of submitted payments. This paper introduces a new algorithm that explores the entire space of payments reordering to improve the liquidity efficiency of these systems without significantly increasing payment delays. Finding the optimal payment order among the entire space of reorderings is, however, an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. We solve this problem using a hybrid quantum annealing algorithm. Despite the limitations in size and speed of today’s quantum computers, our algorithm provides quantifiable liquidity savings when applied to the Canadian HVPS using a 30-day sample of transaction data. By reordering batches of 70 payments, we achieve an average of Canadian (C) $240 million in daily liquidity savings, with a settlement delay of approximately 90 seconds. For a few days in the sample, the liquidity savings exceed C$1 billion. Compared with classical computing and with current algorithms in HVPS, our quantum algorithm offers larger liquidity savings, and it offers more reliable and consistent solutions, particularly under time constraints.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00314 .
Scarcity of Ideas and Optimal R&D Policy
Authors: Basov Suren , Erkal Nisvan , Minehart Deborah , Scotchmer Suzanne
Published: July 2024

We consider a model of innovation that distinguishes between ideas and innovations. Although innovation responds to incentives, ideas are a scarce resource that provides an exogenous constraint on the rate of innovation. We investigate how the optimal reward structure is shaped by the scarcity of ideas. Substitute ideas for innovation in the model arrive to random recipients at random times. By forgoing investment in a current idea, society preserves an option to invest in a better idea for the same market niche but with delay. Because successive ideas may occur to different people, there is a conflict between private and social optimality. The social planner does not observe the arrival of ideas and learns over time about the arrival rate of ideas. We represent the social planner’s beliefs using a general continuous density and illustrate that the evolution of beliefs can be tracked by the cumulative hazard function. The reward set by the social planner serves a dual purpose: learning about the arrival rate of ideas and trading off lower delays against lower-cost ideas. We show that the optimal reward increases as time passes because the social planner comes to view ideas as more scarce.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03362 .
A systematic review: nutritional status and the effect in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: G. Santiago Felipe , D. S. Lyra Eduardo , Da Silva Pantoja Patrícia
Published: July 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes deficits in social interaction, communication and behavior, whose exact cause remains unknown. Its symptoms, such as food selectivity, food refusal and resistance to new habits affect children´s ability to consume food. The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: Do children with ASD have a different nutritional and behavioral profile from neurotypical children? Are dietician interventions capable of bringing benefits in terms of improvements in behavior, communication and socialization status? The methodology used was a systematic review. The authors produced two guiding questions; defined keywords; researched for papers in databases; applied inclusion and exclusion criteria; and analyzed the data obtained from papers that answered the guiding questions. The results revealed 27 publications in the Pubmed, Lilacs, and Capes databases that included keywords cross-referenced between ASD and gluten free, eating behavior, casein-free, nutritional status, food selectivity, vitamin deficiency, nutritional strategy. An analysis of 16 papers in Pubmed, 6 papers in Lilacs and 5 papers in Capes showed that 33.3% of the works had been published in Brazil. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and cross-sectional studies were the most used methodologies. The analysis concluded that non-nutritional interventions have been effective in modifying unsatisfactory behaviors. Also, a combination of dietary and social/behavioral interventions is effective in circumventing food selectivity, thereby improving food acceptance.
Ejercer, ejercitar y reparar: filosofía con infancias como práctica extramuros, como derecho, como ejercicio espiritual, como crítica al adultocentrismo y al androcentrismo.
Authors: Victoria Martina elida
Published: July 2024

En este artículo recuperamos algunos sentidos del filosofar y de la filosofía que consideramos fecundos para la comprensión de la práctica de la filosofía con infancias (FcI). Sostenemos la necesidad de revisitar la pregunta por la filosofía misma, así como algo de la historia de esta disciplina que nos ayude a identificar cuáles versiones de ella se ponen, o podrían poner, en juego en la práctica de la FcI. Así, apareció la necesidad de dar cuenta de la propuesta de filosofía extramuros (Ferraro, 2018), por lo que ensayaremos una vinculación con una idea de Jacques Derrida sobre el derecho humano a la filosofía o al filosofar. Luego, recuperaremos la hipótesis foucaultiana del “momento cartesiano” como bifurcación entre el camino de la filosofía y el de la espiritualidad (Foucault, 2006) y se complementará con el estudio realizado por Pierre Hadot (2006) sobre los ejercicios espirituales de las escuelas filosóficas de la Antigüedad grecolatina. En tercer lugar, problematizaremos el carácter androcentrado de la disciplina filosófica (Alvarado, 2017) en relación con el adultocentrismo de la misma. Desde la mirada de los feminismos, se lucha por visibilizar el sesgo androcéntrico del discurso académico. La filosofía como disciplina no es la excepción, ya que, a medida que se ha ido afianzando como disciplina académica, ha generado –como contracara– otredades y exclusiones. Sumado a esto, podríamos intentar advertir el sesgo adultocéntrico que ha tenido nuestra disciplina desde sus comienzos y contra el que se podría decir que la FcI se inscribe.  Teniendo en cuenta estos enfoques teóricos, intentaremos pensar si la FcI puede ser un espacio-tiempo extramuros reparador de las exclusiones generadas desde la disciplina filosófica.
Atividades Extracurriculares na Formação Médica: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Farias Fernando Iago Rodrigues de , Gonçalves Lorena Guerra , Sampaio Josineide Francisco , Cavalcante Jairo Calado
Published: July 2024

Conforme aumenta o número de médicos formados, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do curso de Medicina e, consequentemente, seu Projeto Pedagógico (PP), que contempla os Conteúdos Curriculares (CC) e as Atividades Extracurriculares (AE), modificam-se na intenção de construir, durante a graduação, um médico atuante na melhoria da saúde da população, principalmente na Atenção Básica (AB). Esta revisão objetivou caracterizar o perfil das AE na graduação médica. Os artigos para esta revisão foram buscados no Portal de Periódicos CAPES e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando-se de forma integrada os descritores: “Medicina”, “Educação Médica” e “Atividades Extracurriculares”, sendo selecionados aqueles em português publicados entre 2011 e 2020, que foram sintetizados com suas referências e seus dados quantitativos transformados em tabelas pelo Microsoft Office Excel e Tabwin. Encontrou-se nos 11 artigos selecionados caracterização de várias AE, sendo a maioria sobre Ligas Acadêmicas, Projetos de Extensão e Iniciação Científica, principalmente por meio de relatos da experiência. A análise foi realizada considerando os achados dos artigos e as DCN, na qual identificou-se que predominam o assistencialismo sem longitudinalidade nas ações de Extensão e, no referido às Ligas, observou-se maior interesse no estudo de especialidades. A partir da análise, percebeu-se a necessidade de diálogo qualificado com os estudantes para um melhor entendimento da proposta de cada AE e também que sejam desenvolvidos novos estudos que possam ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema.
Team based learning na formação médica: impacto na aquisição de conhecimentos anatômicos e competências para o trabalho em equipe
Authors: Costa Bruno Sant' Ana , Corrêa Vivian de Oliveira Sousa
Published: July 2024

O Team Based Learning (TBL) ou Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes caracteriza-se por ser uma metodologia ativa em que a aprendizagem é baseada na interação entre os alunos, através da formação de equipes, e trabalha a resolução de problemas para aplicação dos conceitos aprendidos. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção dos discentes de medicina sobre a utilização do TBL na disciplina de Anatomia do Aparelho Locomotor e o impacto do método no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências do profissional de saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com total de 112 alunos de quatro turmas ingressantes no curso de medicina do Campus UFRJ-Macaé, entre os períodos de 2017/1 e 2018/2. Analisou-se o desempenho dos participantes dentro da sessão do TBL e em testes da disciplina. Observou-se que a pontuação dos alunos, na fase de garantia do preparo, em equipe, foi significativamente (p<0,05) superior ao número de acertos individuais. 65% dos alunos que tiveram aulas no modelo TBL concordam que a estratégia pedagógica utilizada é mais motivadora para o estudo se comparada às aulas expositivas; 88,5% concordam plenamente ou parcialmente que a metodologia utilizada no TBL ajuda a aprender a trabalhar em equipe e 73% concordam que o método promoveu uma melhor compreensão, além da memorização. O uso deste método ativo pode trazer benefícios a longo prazo na estrutura curricular e no perfil dos discentes, gerando impacto real na qualidade do curso de medicina e na formação dos profissionais médicos, como conhecimentos anatômicos consolidados e habilidades para o trabalho em equipe, necessários para uma atuação interprofissional.
Child-parent agreement on knowledge, self-perception, and behavior in oral health
Authors: Silva Mayron Guedes , Diniz Ana Carolina Soares , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro , Claudia Costa Ribeiro Cecilia , Firoozmand Leily Macedo
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the proportion of agreement between parents and children on oral health knowledge, self-perception, and behavior in students aged 8–14 years. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 elementary school student-parent dyads. The participants completed a structured questionnaire regarding oral health knowledge/beliefs/myths, self-perception, and behaviors. The proportion of child-parent agreement was calculated for each variable (ranged from 0 to 1). Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to evaluate predictors of agreement. Results: Child-parent dyads had significant agreement levels in most responses regarding oral health knowledge/beliefs than oral health self-perception and behaviors. The proportion of agreement was higher in questions about the relationship between sugar and dental caries (0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), the preventability of dental caries (0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–97), and the protective effect of tooth brushing (0.94, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97). In the multivariate regression model, the child’s older age (Beta = 0.552, P = 0.003) and the higher parent education level (Beta = 0.254, P = 0.023) were predictors for greater agreement on oral health knowledge. Conclusion: The findings suggest that children and parents have high agreement on oral health knowledge; however, their agreement regarding oral health self-perception and behavior is low.
Quality of life and perceived usability by Criciúma park goers: multilevel analysis
Authors: Quinaud Ricardo Teixeira , Pereira Eduarda Valim , Farias Joni Marcio de
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to measure and correlate the perceived quality of life and usability of park goers (quality of equipment, number of equipment, accessibility and safety) in Criciúma/SC. This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization Quality of Life, short version, was administered to 312 volunteer visitors in the three city municipal parks. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze the data. Participants showed differences in relation to sex (perceived quality of life), age group (psychological domain), income (physical, psychological and environmental domain) and education (environmental domain). There was a low to moderate correlation between the quality of the equipment and the environment domain, between accessibility and the physical domain, and between safety and the psychological domains and social relationships. Parks are beneficial spaces for a more egalitarian quality of life among their visitors, although external factors influence this perception. The results of the correlations indicate that isolated usability factors may not favor higher values of the perception of quality of life, as well as indicating the subjectivity of this perception based on a multidimensional set of factors. It is recommended that future studies need to investigate the longitudinal impacts of the parks on peoples’ quality of life.
Enigmatic thymus: Variations in anatomical localisation of thymic tissue as an easily misdiagnosed congenital anomaly in surgical practice
Authors: Mayer Alexander , Voller Jaroslav , Varga Ivan
Published: July 2024

We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue (a thymic cyst) in the neck. Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent, from the angle of the mandible to the upper mediastinum. Disruption of the thymic descent can result in ectopically/abnormally localised islets of accessory thymic tissue, which may undergo cystic changes, as described in a case report by Sun et al . This anatomical variation of the thymus may be clinically misinterpreted as a neoplasm or other congenital anomalies as a branchial cyst, lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma. The present editorial focuses on the challenge of establishing a diagnosis of ectopically localised tissue of thymus often presented as a lateral cervical mass, especially in the case of cystic variation/degeneration of this thymic tissue. We summarise hypotheses on the origin of such congenital cervical thymic cysts from the point of view of evolutionary history and embryology. We also discuss lesser-known facts about the anatomy, histopathology and developmental biology of the thymus as one of the most enigmatic organs in the human body.
Clear cell sarcoma of the pancreas, an unusual cancer with unusual metastatic site or unusual primary site?
Authors: Moreno Jhenyffer Carvalho , Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano
Published: July 2024

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a type of malignant tumor that can arise from tendons and aponeuroses. This malignant proliferation of cells with melanocytic lineage normally occurs in young patients, and it is normally identified in extremities. However, different sites including gastrointestinal organs are also described. Due difficulties in the molecular and histopathology evaluation, the diagnosis is often confused with malignant melanoma. Most cases are treated with surgical resection, but overall, the prognosis is poor. In this editorial, we will discuss a very interesting case of CCS identified in the pancreas. We will discuss the literature and controversies in the management of this type of cancer. Furthermore, we will address molecular strategies to be incorporated in those cases to better understand the primary location of the tumor. Finally, future perspectives of the field and new strategies of treatment will be described.
Combination of comprehensive thermal care and detail-oriented nursing care in the operating room for managing gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pan Ya-Ya , Zhang Qiu-Xiang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

As the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases, its impact on cesarean sections has attracted widespread attention. Omni-directional, insulated care and detailed care are of great significance in this patient population, as they can effectively improve the quality of care in the operating room.

AIM

To explore the effect of the integrated use of comprehensive thermal insulation.

METHODS

Women with GDM who underwent cesarean sections at our hospital between April 2023 and February 2024 were included in this retrospective study. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups: The observation and control groups. An all-around thermal insulation nursing strategy, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative temperature maintenance, was adopted. In addition, detailed nursing care measures, such as blood glucose monitoring, wound care, and psychological counseling, were implemented in the observation group.

RESULTS

Comparative observation revealed that all-around thermal insulation care can effectively prevent the incidence of maternal hypothermia caused by surgery, reduce the risk of infection, and promote blood circulation. The implementation of detailed care improved maternal satisfaction and reduced the incidence of complications via the appropriate management of fluctuations in the blood glucose levels and optimization of the nursing process before and after surgery according to the patient's characteristics.

CONCLUSION

The application of a combination of comprehensive thermal insulation and detailed nursing care improved the overall quality of perioperative care.
Parathyroidectomy restored bone mineral density in a neglected femoral neck fracture with renal osteodystrophy: A case report
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ching , Lin Shih-Wei , Yeh Kuang-Ting
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting the successful management of a neglected femoral neck fracture in a patient with renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) who was on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It underscores the efficacy of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in restoring bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting fracture healing, addressing a significant complication in ESRD patients.

CASE SUMMARY

A 36-year-old female with renal osteodystrophy and on dialysis due to ESRD presented with a history of left patellar tendon rupture and later, a right achilles tendon avulsion fracture. Persistent right hip pain led to the discovery of a neglected right femoral neck fracture, which was initially overlooked due to the patient’s complex medical history. Two months post-achilles tendon repair, the patient underwent PTX to manage the refractory SHPTH. The postoperative course included rehabilitation and weight-bearing exercises. Remarkably, 2 years after osteosynthesis, radiographic assessments indicated a solid union of the periprothesis fracture and significant improvement in BMD, showcasing the efficacy of the treatment approach.

CONCLUSION

PTX, combined with appropriate rehabilitation, is crucial for improving BMD and fracture healing in ESRD patients with SHPTH.
Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the treatment of Robert’s uterus accompanied by adenomyosis: A case report
Authors: Dong Jie , Wang Jia-Jian , Fei Jing-Ying , Wu Li-Fang , Chen Ying-Ying
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Gynaecologists should be aware of a rare obstructive Mullerian duct abnormality like Robert’s uterus and perform further surgery when necessary.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 41-year-old mother of two children with Robert’s uterus who was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Unlike the existing cases reported in the literature, this patient had a late onset of Robert’s uterus symptoms. Due to right tubal ectopic pregnancy 3 years previously, the patient was treated with right salpingectomy and left tubal ligation but suffered aggravated left lower abdominal pain. She was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, and is completely asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The typical obstructive Mullerian abnormality requires further surgery. Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive technique with better recovery outcomes than traditional transabdominal procedures.
Ventricular system-unrelated cerebellar ependymoma: A case report
Authors: Yang Chao-Ge , Xue Rui-Feng , Yang Lu-Xia , Jieda Xiao-Lin , Xiang Wei , Zhou Jie
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

An ependymoma is a glial tumor that usually occurs in or near the ventricle, close to the ependyma. It rarely occurs exclusively in the brain parenchyma without being associated with the ventricle.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we report a rare case of a cerebellar ependymoma completely located in the brain parenchyma. A previously healthy 32-year-old female with a 1-month history of dizziness was admitted to our hospital. During hospitalization, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion measuring 57 mm × 41 mm × 51 mm in the right cerebellar hemisphere and inferior cerebellar vermis. The patient underwent surgical resection for the right cerebellar mass. Postoperative pathological examination revealed an ependymoma. At 1 year follow-up, the patient was doing well and showed no recurrence.

CONCLUSION

We conducted a literature review and summarized three theories regarding ependymomas located exclusively in the brain parenchyma, which are key to the diagnosis of intraparenchymal cerebellar ependymomas. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are the primary treatment options for ependymomas.
Potential Role of Medicinal Plants and their Phytochemicals against Plaque forming Oral Microbiota
Authors: Pradhan Yashashree , Devkota Hari Prasad , Ali Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Dental plaque, a type of biofilm formed on the tooth surface, is one of the most common dental problems suffered by many individuals all over the world. Various mechanical methods are used to remove plaque and certain chemical agents are used for prevention from dental plaque formation. Though these agents have fast action, long term use of synthetic agents may cause certain side effects. People around the world have been using medicinal plants for oral health care from hundreds of years. Some of such plants that are used in the prevention of dental plaques are Ocimum basilicum, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Acacia nilotica and Achyranthes aspera. The essential oils and extracts of these plants contain many bioactive compounds like linalool, estragole, methyl-cinnamate, eugenol, nerol, Betulin, 3,12-oleandione, 1-Hexadecanol, Phytol, Cinnamaldehyde, β-caryophyllene, nimbin, azadirachtin, catechin and quercetin which act against dental plaque forming organisms. When these essential oils and extracts are tested in vitro as well as on some patients it showed major activities against major plaque forming organisms equivalent to the chemical agents used for prevention from plaque. Hence, in long term use the products containing bioactive compounds of Ocimum basilicum, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Acacia nilotica and Achyranthes aspera may prove more effective as well as safe. This review deals with the mechanism of plaque formation, its treatment and role of Ocimum basilicum, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Acacia nilotica and Achyranthes aspera and their major compounds in the prevention of plaque formation.