bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified particle swarm optimisation technique for optimal design of small renewable energy system supplying a specific load at Mansoura University
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Saadawi Magdi , Kandil Mahmoud , Saeed Mohammed
Published: February 2015

Recently, a special attention has been attributed to the renewable energy in Egypt. Optimal sizing of small renewable energy system has a very important role in the use of renewable energy effectively and economically. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a popular stochastic optimisation method that has found in wide applications. Conventional PSO suffers from high computational complexity and slow convergence speed. This study presents a modified PSO (MPSO) technique to optimise the capacity sizes of different components of hybrid PV/wind/battery power generation system for supplying communication and information technology centre in Mansoura University‐Egypt. A feasibility study for two options is investigated; stand‐alone system composed of PV/wind/battery combination and a grid connected PV/wind system. The proposed MPSO technique proves faster convergence speed and shorter computational time as compared with conventional techniques.
Input energy analysis of flexible solar cells on textile
Authors: Lind A. Helena N. , Mather Robert R. , Wilson John I.B.
Published: February 2015

An energy assessment was made for a novel solar cell consisting of thin film silicon on woven polyester. The total energy used in manufacture by this unique combination of textile and semiconductor processes was estimated to be 446 MJ/m2, lower compared with using more conventional substrates such as glass and polymer film. The authors' substrate choice of woven polyester (53 MJ/m2) shows a cut in energy use compared with glass, which requires 150–200 MJ/m2. Comparison with the energy generated by the device in a typical mid‐European operating ambient showed it to have an energy payback time of 1–2 years for an energy conversion efficiency range of 10–5%.
Compensation of negative sequence stator flux of doubly‐fed induction generator using polar voltage control‐based direct torque control under unbalanced grid voltage condition
Authors: Pimple Badrinarayan Bansilal , Vekhande Vishal Yashwant , Fernandes Baylon G.
Published: February 2015

This study proposes a polar voltage control‐based direct torque control method to reduce the effects of unbalanced grid voltage on doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbine system. Under unbalanced grid voltage, the stator flux has a negative sequence component which leads to second harmonic pulsation in torque, stator active power, stator reactive power, stator current and rotor current. In the control scheme, the negative sequence rotor voltage vector is controlled to compensate the negative sequence stator flux by negative sequence rotor flux. Simulation study is carried out on a 2 MW DFIG system using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Feasibility of the proposed control strategy is experimentally verified on a 1.5 kW DFIG system.
Analytical bit error rate performance evaluation of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication system impaired by impulsive and Gaussian channel noise
Authors: Rahman Munshi Mahbubur , Majumder Satya Prasad
Published: February 2015

An analytical approach is presented to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a power line (PL) communication system considering the combined influence of impulsive noise and background PL Gaussian noise. Middleton class‐A noise model is considered to evaluate the effect of impulsive noise. The analysis is carried out to find the expression of the signal‐to‐noise ratio and BER considering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with binary phase shift keying modulation with coherent demodulation of OFDM sub‐channels. The results are evaluated numerically considering the multipath transfer function model of PL with non‐flat power spectral density of PL background noise over a bandwidth of 0.3–100 MHz. The results are plotted for several system and noise parameters and penalty because of impulsive noise is determined at a BER of 10−6. The computed results show that the system suffers significant power penalty because of impulsive noise which is higher at higher channel bandwidth and can be reduced by increasing the number of OFDM subcarriers to some extent. The analytical results conform well with the simulation results reported earlier.
The performance of thin industrial passivated emitter and rear contacts solar cells with homogeneous emitters
Authors: Ye Feng , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Feng Zhiqiang
Published: February 2015

With the continuous development of sawing technology for silicon wafers, the use of thin silicon wafers for solar cells has become an effective method to decrease the cost of industrial silicon solar cells. This study focused on the solar cells based on the concept of a structure with a homogeneous emitter and passivated rear surface (PERC solar cells). Fabricated using normal production equipment, the performance of PERC solar cells with thicknesses of 80, 100, 120, and 160 μm was compared, and the differences were discussed based on the measurements of optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The highest efficiency was recorded for a solar-cell thickness of 120 μm. By optimizing the Al paste and firing condition, we obtained PERC solar cells with a thickness of 80 μm, and there has been about a 0.2% reduction in cell efficiency compared to cells with a thickness of 160 μm. Good tortuosity of thin silicon cell opens a wider range of applications.
Modeling the influence of varying magnetic properties in soft magnetic materials on the hysteresis shape using the flux tube approach
Authors: Petrun M. , Steentjes S. , Hameyer K. , Dolinar D.
Published: February 2015

Magnetic properties can vary significantly inside soft magnetic steel sheets (SMSSs), both due to mechanical stresses and structural changes originating from different manufacturing processes. The integral consideration, i.e. averaging these effects over the SMSS, leads to a strong simplification of the underlying mechanisms. Such simplification is often inadequate when considering the influence of the varying magnetic properties on the hysteresis loop shape and its dynamic behavior. This paper presents a new approach to model irregular hysteresis loops of non-oriented SMSSs using the flux tube approach, where the SMSS is divided into several flux tubes having different magnetic properties. This enables to model non-homogeneous distributions of the magnetic flux and irregular hysteresis loops subject to varying magnetic properties.
Noise-induced bifurcations in magnetization dynamics of uniaxial nanomagnets
Authors: Serpico C. , Perna S. , Bertotti G. , d'Aquino M. , Quercia A. , Mayergoyz I. D.
Published: February 2015

Stochastic magnetization dynamics in uniformly magnetized nanomagnets is considered. The system is assumed to have rotational symmetry as the anisotropy axis, the applied field, and the spin polarization are all aligned along an axis of symmetry. By appropriate integration of the Fokker-Planck equation associated to the problem, the stochastic differential equation governing the evolution of the angle between the magnetization orientation and the symmetry axis is derived. The drift terms present in this equation contain a noise-induced drift term, which, in combination with drift terms of deterministic origin, can be written as the derivative of an effective potential. Superparamagnetic-like transitions are studied in connections with the bifurcations of the effective potential as temperature and excitation conditions are varied.
Nonplanar positron-acoustic Gardner solitary waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas with superthermal electrons and positrons
Authors: Uddin M. J. , Alam M. S. , Mamun A. A.
Published: February 2015

Nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) positron-acoustic (PA) Gardner solitary waves (SWs) in an unmagnetized plasma system consisting of immobile positive ions, mobile cold positrons, and superthermal (kappa distributed) hot positrons and electrons are investigated. The modified Gardner equation is derived by using the reductive perturbation technique. The effects of cylindrical and spherical geometries, superthermal parameter of hot positrons and electrons, relative temperature ratios, and relative number density ratios on the PA Gardner SWs are studied by using the numerical simulations. The implications of our results in various space and laboratory plasma environments are briefly discussed.
Thermally driven grain boundary migration and melting in Cu
Authors: Li Y. H. , Wang L. , Li B. , E J. C. , Zhao F. P. , Zhu J. , Luo S. N.
Published: February 2015

With molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically investigate melting of a set of Σ3〈110〉70.53° tilt grain boundaries (GB) in Cu bicrystals, including coherent twin boundaries (CTBs), 12 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries (ATGBs), and symmetric incoherent twin boundaries (SITBs), in the order of increasing length weight of SITB or GB energy. ATGBs decompose into CTBs and SITBs, which migrate and coalesce as a result of internal stress relaxation. GBs can be superheated or premelted, and GB melting temperature decreases exponentially with increasing SITB weight, owing to the systematics in GB microstructure. GB melting nucleates at disordered CTB-SITB junctions, and grows along SITBs and then into grain interiors, with the solid-liquid interfaces preferentially aligned with {111}.
High fill factor and thermal stability of bilayer organic photovoltaic cells with an inverted structure
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Hong Ziruo , Zhuang Taojun , Chen Guo , Sasabe Hisahiro , Yokoyama Daisuke , Kido Junji
Published: February 2015

In this study, we fabricated planar heterojunction photovoltaic cells with inverted device structures based on tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene and fullerene-70 (C70). With proper designs of device architecture and selection of electrode buffers, a high fill factor and power conversion efficiency were obtained due to large shunt resistance (Rsh) and efficient carrier collection. Optical simulation reveals that field-dependent recombination is depressed in the inverted structure cells because of less light absorption in short wavelength range, resulting in high fill factor. More importantly, high thermal stability of inverted structure cells was demonstrated via utilizing stable electrode buffers.
Thermodynamic calculations of Fe–Mg interdiffusion in (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 polymorphs and perovskite
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Shan Shuangming
Published: February 2015

In this study, we show that the temperature and pressure dependence of Fe–Mg interdiffusion in (Fe,Mg)2SiO4 polymorphs (olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite) and perovskite can be successfully reproduced in terms of bulk elastic and expansivity data through a thermodynamic model (so-called cBΩ model) that interconnects point defect parameters with bulk properties. Under dry and wet conditions, our calculated Fe–Mg interdiffusion coefficients DcalcFe-Mg (particularly for anisotropic diffusivity in olivine), activation enthalpy hact, and activation volume υact over a wide range of geologically relevant temperatures (1000–2400 K) and pressures (0–100 GPa) are consistent with the experimental ones when the uncertainties are considered.
Squeeze strengthening of magnetorheological fluids using mixed mode operation
Authors: Becnel A. C. , Sherman S. G. , Hu W. , Wereley N. M.
Published: February 2015

This research details a novel method of increasing the shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluids by combining shear and squeeze modes of operation to manipulate particle chain structures, so-called squeeze strengthening. Using a custom built Searle cell magnetorheometer, which is a model device emulating a rotary magnetorheological energy absorber (MREA), the contribution of squeeze strengthening to the total controllable yield force is experimentally investigated. Using an eccentric rotating inner cylinder, characterization data from large (1 mm) and small (0.25 mm) nominal gap geometries are compared to investigate the squeeze strengthening effect. Details of the experimental setup and method are presented, and a hybrid model is used to explain experimental trends. This study demonstrates that it is feasible, utilizing squeeze strengthening to increase yield stress, to either (1) design a rotary MREA of a given volume to achieve higher energy absorption density (energy absorbed normalized by active fluid volume), or (2) reduce the volume of a given rotary MREA to achieve the same energy absorption density.
Anomalies in magnetoelastic properties of DyFe11.2Nb0.8 compound
Authors: Wang J. L. , Md Din M. F. , Kennedy S. J. , Cheng Z. X. , Campbell S. J. , Kimpton J. A. , Dou S. X.
Published: February 2015

The structural and magnetic properties of DyFe11.2Nb0.8 compound have been investigated by high intensity, high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction, ac magnetic susceptibility, and dc magnetization measurements as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy (5–300 K). The easy magnetization direction at room temperature is along the c-axis. With decreasing temperature, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy changes from easy-axis to easy-cone at Tsr2 (∼202 K), then to easy plane at Tsr1 (∼94 K). The thermal expansion coefficient obtained from the synchrotron x-ray study exhibits clear anomalies around both of the spin reorientation transition temperatures. The 57Fe hyperfine interaction parameters and magnetic moments values have been determined for the 8i, 8j, and 8f sites from the Mössbauer spectra.
Effects of a three-dimensional hill on the wake characteristics of a model wind turbine
Authors: Yang Xiaolei , Howard Kevin B. , Guala Michele , Sotiropoulos Fotis
Published: February 2015

The spatial evolution of a turbine wake downwind of a three-dimensional sinusoidal hill is studied using large-eddy simulations and wind tunnel measurements. The computed flow fields behind the hill show good agreement with wind tunnel measurements. Three different heights of the hill, i.e., hhill = zh − 0.5D, ≈ zh and =zh + 0.5D (where zh is the turbine hub height and D is the diameter of the turbine rotor), were considered. The effect of the hill turbine spacing was investigated through a comparative analysis with the turbine wake results in the undisturbed turbulent boundary layer. It is observed that the turbine wakes downwind of the hill with hhill ≈ zh and hhill = zh + 0.5D recover faster because of the increased entrainment of ambient flow into the turbine wake, which is due to the enhanced turbulent transport in both spanwise and vertical directions. In comparison with the turbine only case, significant increases in the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) in the turbine wake are observed for the hill-turbine cases with hhill ≈ zh and hhill = zh + 0.5D. A velocity scale UT, defined in terms of the thrust force acting on the turbine, is introduced for the turbine-added velocity deficit and TKE. For the turbine-added velocity deficit, UT is shown to be an appropriate scale at wake locations sufficiently far downwind of the turbine (i.e., greater than or equal to 8D). The vertical profiles of the turbine-added TKE normalized by UT2 are shown to nearly collapse in the wake both for the turbine only and hill-turbine cases at all locations greater than 4D downwind of the turbine. A simple model for the turbine-added TKE in complex terrain is also proposed based on the new physical insights obtained from our simulations.
Influence of surface energy on the elastic compression of nanosphere
Authors: Long J. M. , Qin X. , Wang G. F.
Published: February 2015

The influence of surface energy on the elastic compression of nanosphere is addressed through the principle of minimum potential energy. By using the displacement potential approach, the elastic field of nanosphere under diametrical compression is derived analytically. Firstly, surface energy induces a uniform pre-existing hydrostatic compression in the entire nanosphere. More importantly, when the ratio of surface energy density to the radius of sphere is comparable with the elastic modulus, the response of nanosphere to external loading will be evidently distinct from the classical prediction. When the compressive load-depth curve is used to calculate the elastic modulus of nanosphere, the presence of surface energy predicts the size dependence of elastic modulus, which enhances significantly as the radius of sphere decreases below 100 nm. This study provides an efficient tool to analyze the elastic deformation of nanoparticles and measure their elastic properties.
Phonon scattering limited performance of monolayer MoS2 and WSe2 n-MOSFET
Authors: Sengupta Amretashis , Chanana Anuja , Mahapatra Santanu
Published: February 2015

In this paper we show the effect of electron-phonon scattering on the performance of monolayer (1L) MoS2 and WSe2 channel based n-MOSFETs. Electronic properties of the channel materials are evaluated using the local density approximation (LDA) in density functional theory (DFT). For phonon dispersion we employ the small displacement / frozen phonon calculations in DFT. Thereafter using the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism, we study the effect of electron-phonon scattering and the contribution of various phonon modes on the performance of such devices. It is found that the performance of the WSe2 device is less impacted by phonon scattering, showing a ballisticity of 83% for 1L-WSe2 FET for channel length of 10 nm. Though 1L-MoS2 FET of similar dimension shows a lesser ballisticity of 75%. Also in the presence of scattering there exist a a 21–36% increase in the intrinsic delay time (τ) and a 10–18% reduction in peak transconductance (gm) for WSe2 and MoS2 devices respectively.
On-chip actuation transmitter for enhancing the dynamic response of cell manipulation using a macro-scale pump
Authors: Monzawa Takumi , Kaneko Makoto , Tsai Chia-Hung Dylan , Sakuma Shinya , Arai Fumihito
Published: February 2015

An on-chip actuation transmitter for achieving fast and accurate cell manipulation is proposed. Instead of manipulating cell position by a directly connected macro-scale pump, polydimethylsiloxane deformation is used as a medium to transmit the actuation generated from the pump to control the cell position. This actuation transmitter has three main advantages. First, the dynamic response of cell manipulation is faster than the conventional method with direct flow control based on both the theoretical modeling and experimental results. The cell can be manipulated in a simple harmonic motion up to 130 Hz by the proposed actuation transmitter as opposed to 90 Hz by direct flow control. Second, there is no need to fill the syringe pump with the sample solution because the actuation transmitter physically separates the fluids between the pump and the cell flow, and consequently, only a very small quantity of the sample is required (<1 μl). In addition, such fluid separation makes it easy to keep the experiment platform sterilized because there is no direct fluid exchange between the sample and fluid inside the pump. Third, the fabrication process is simple because of the single-layer design, making it convenient to implement the actuation transmitter in different microfluidic applications. The proposed actuation transmitter is implemented in a lab-on-a-chip system for red blood cell (RBC) evaluation, where the extensibility of red blood cells is evaluated by manipulating the cells through a constriction channel at a constant velocity. The application shows a successful example of implementing the proposed transmitter.
The dynamics of short-scale turbulent fluctuations across low-intermediate-high-confinement transition with lower hybrid current drive in the EAST superconducting tokamak
Authors: Cao G. M. , Li Y. D. , Zhang X. D. , Sun P. J. , Wu G. J. , Hu L. Q.
Published: February 2015

Two different confinement transition discharges, the low-intermediate-high (L-I-H) and the low-intermediate-low (L-I-L) confinement transitions, respectively, have been obtained by lower hybrid current drive with lithium wall conditioning in the EAST superconducting tokamak. The dynamic features of short-scale turbulent fluctuations in the two discharges are investigated by a tangential CO2 laser collective scattering system. It is found that the great changes of broadband fluctuations in amplitude and structure characteristics are closely related to the choice of the final transition to H-mode. These results could shed light on the understanding of the L-H transition mechanism.
Grown-in defects limiting the bulk lifetime of p-type float-zone silicon wafers
Authors: Grant N. E. , Rougieux F. E. , Macdonald D. , Bullock J. , Wan Y.
Published: February 2015

We investigate a recombination active grown-in defect limiting the bulk lifetime (τbulk) of high quality float-zone (FZ) p-type silicon wafers. After annealing the samples at temperatures between 80 °C and 400 °C, τbulk was found to increase from ∼500 μs to ∼1.5 ms. By isochronal annealing the p-type samples between 80 °C and 400 °C for 30 min, the annihilation energy (Eann) of the defect was determined to be 0.3 < Eann < 0.7 eV. When the annihilated samples were phosphorus gettered at 880 °C or subject to 0.2 sun illumination for 24 h, τbulk was found to degrade. However, when the samples were subsequently annealed at temperatures between 250 and 400 °C, the defect could be re-annihilated. The experimental results suggest that the defect limiting the lifetime in the p-type FZ silicon is not related to fast diffusing metallic impurities but rather to a lattice-impurity or an impurity-impurity metastable defect.
Vacuum-free and metal electrode-free organic tandem solar cells
Authors: Tong Jinhui , Xiong Sixing , Li Zaifang , Jiang Fangyuan , Mao Lin , Meng Wei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: February 2015

We report on vacuum-free and metal electrode–free organic tandem solar cells that use conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the top electrode. The PEDOT:PSS top electrode was deposited via film-transfer lamination that does not need high-vacuum processing. The fabricated tandem solar cells exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 1.62 V, which is nearly the sum of the VOC of individual subcells, a high fill factor up to 0.72, and averaged power conversion efficiency of 3.6% under 100 mW cm−2 AM 1.5 illumination. The effect of the patterning of charge recombination layer and electrodes on the device performance has also been discussed.
Buckling analysis of planar compression micro-springs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sui Li , Shi Gengchen
Published: February 2015

Large compression deformation causes micro-springs buckling and loss of load capacity. We analyzed the impact of structural parameters and boundary conditions for planar micro-springs, and obtained the change rules for the two factors that affect buckling. A formula for critical buckling deformation of micro-springs under compressive load was derived based on elastic thin plate theory. Results from this formula were compared with finite element analysis results but these did not always correlate. Therefore, finite element analysis is necessary for micro-spring buckling analysis. We studied the variation of micro-spring critical buckling deformation caused by four structural parameters using ANSYS software under two constraint conditions. The simulation results show that when an x-direction constraint is added, the critical buckling deformation increases by 32.3-297.9%. The critical buckling deformation decreases with increase in micro-spring arc radius or section width and increases with increase in micro-spring thickness or straight beam width. We conducted experiments to confirm the simulation results, and the experimental and simulation trends were found to agree. Buckling analysis of the micro-spring establishes a theoretical foundation for optimizing micro-spring structural parameters and constraint conditions to maximize the critical buckling load.
A novel sacrificial-layer process based on anodic bonding and its application in an accelerometer
Authors: Wang Lingyun , He Yong , Zhan Zhan , Yu Lingke , Wang Huan , Chen Daner
Published: February 2015

It is found in our experiments that the depletion layer of anodic bonding is etched faster than the bulk glass (Pyrex 7740) in hydrofluoric acid (HF). Based on this interesting phenomenon, a novel process of a sacrificial layer is proposed in this paper. In order to deeply understand and investigate the rules concerning the influence of bonding parameters on this effect, firstly the width of the depletion layer under different bonding voltages and temperatures and the selection ratio of etching are revealed. To validate the feasibility of the method, a micro-machined accelerometer is designed and fabricated. The test results of resonant frequency and sensitivity of the fabricated accelerometer are 3254.5 Hz and 829.85–844.93 mV/g, respectively. This was further evidence that the depletion layer could be used as a sacrificial layer and the removable structure could be successfully released by fast etching this layer. The important feature of this method is that only one mask is needed in the whole process and therefore it could greatly simplify the fabrication process of the device.
The use of topographic fire refuges by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) and the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) following a landscape-scale fire
Authors: Berry Laurence E. , Driscoll Don A. , Banks Samuel C. , Lindenmayer David B.
Published: February 2015

We examined the abundance of arboreal marsupials in topographic fire refuges after a major fire in a stand-replacing crown-fire forest ecosystem. We surveyed the abundance of arboreal marsupials across 48 sites in rainforest gullies burnt to differing extents by the 2009 fires in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Victorian Central Highlands, Australia. The greater glider (Petauroides volans) was less abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire. The mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) was more abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire, particularly within unburnt peninsulas protruding into burnt areas from unburnt edges. Our results indicate that fire refuges may facilitate the persistence of some species within extensively burnt landscapes. Additional work should seek to clarify this finding and identify the demographic mechanisms underlying this response.
Synchrony in the voice-over of Polish fiction genres
Authors: Sepielak Katarzyna , Matamala Anna
Published: February 2015

The increasing popularity of audiovisual translation in recent years has contributed to a better understanding of the audiovisual world. Nevertheless, some modalities such as voice-over have not received thorough attention. In Poland, where voice-over is the prevailing audiovisual, one voice talent reads out the entire dialogue list in a monotonous way. The translated version is subject to time and space restrictions, and both the original and the translated soundtracks are audible at the same time, making it interesting to analyze a key aspect of voice-over: the process of synchronization. Departing from a categorization which originated within the field of dubbing, and which was later extended and applied to the voice-over of non-fictional products by Franco, Matamala and Orero, this article aims to assess whether voice-over isochrony, literal synchrony, kinetic synchrony and action synchrony are maintained in the voice-over of fiction genres in Poland, and if so, what strategies are used to achieve this. The corpus is made up of four 15-minutes samples from movies belonging to four different genres: a comedy (Whatever Works, directed by Woody Allen 2009), a drama (Marvin’s Room, directed by Jerry Zaks 1996), an action movie (Spy Game, directed by Tony Scott 2001), and a musical (Nine, directed by Rob Marshall 2009). The study highlights the specificities of synchrony in fictional movies and opens the door for future research into this previously underestimated audiovisual transfer mode.
The translation of wordplay in interlingual subtitling
Authors: Williamson Lee , De Pedro Ricoy Raquel
Published: February 2015

It is frequently said that humor does not travel well, and wordplay, which is inseparably connected to humor, poses particular problems for the translator as it is intrinsically linked to the source language and culture, and consequently is often described as untranslatable. The translator’s task is further complicated when instances of wordplay are encountered in audiovisual texts due to the constrained and semiotic nature of the medium. The aim of this paper is to examine the translation strategies applied to wordplay in the English subtitles of the French filmBienvenue chez les Ch’tis[Boon 2008]. To do this, instances of wordplay in the source text and the target text were classified according to the typology of wordplay as proposed by Delabastita (1996), and subsequently analyzed using the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) (Attardo and Raskin 1991) in order to contrast the differences between source text and target text instances of wordplay. The findings show the trends in the application of translation strategies and demonstrate that GTVH, albeit with some modifications, is a useful analytical tool in the context of audiovisual translation in that it could show how the puns evolved in translation and therefore give a better understanding of wordplay to aid the choice of translation strategy. As long as a narrow view of equivalence is avoided, this study demonstrates that the translation of wordplay is possible even within the polysemiotic structures of audiovisual texts.
Can you read my mindprint?
Authors: Pearl Lisa S. , Enverga Igii
Published: February 2015

Humans routinely transmit and interpret subtle information about their mental states through the language they use, even when only the language text is available. This suggests humans can utilize the linguistic signature of a mental state (its mindprint), comprised of features in the text. Once the relevant features are identified, mindprints can be used to automatically identify mental states communicated via language. We focus on the mindprints of eight mental states resulting from intentions, attitudes, and emotions, and present a mindprint-based machine learning technique to automatically identify these mental states in realistic language data. By using linguistic features that leverage available semantic, syntactic, and valence information, our approach achieves near-human performance on average and even exceeds human performance on occasion. Given this, we believe mindprints could be very valuable for intelligent systems interacting linguistically with humans. Keywords: mental state; linguistic features; mindprint; natural language processing; information extraction
Au fait,de faiteten fait
Authors: D'Hondt Ulrique
Published: February 2015

This article focuses on the development of the French adverbialsau fait,de faitanden fait. Although they share the same origin, the three cognates are not interchangeable in present-day French which suggests that they have followed divergent paths of language change. A contrastive analysis is of interest for several reasons: (1) A comparison of the development of the three cognates can help capture the differences in their use; (2) On a theoretical level, the evolution ofau fait,de faitanden faitis of particular interest to the study of the relation between lexicalization, grammaticalization and pragmaticalization. The modern uses ofau fait,de faitanden faitare indeed the result of three different grammaticalization processes.
L’Italia: un’identità letteraria?
Authors: Jossa Stefano
Published: February 2015

The discussion on Italian identity has recently been brought to the attention of the public opinion in Italy as an outcome of the so-called “fine della prima Repubblica” (“end of the first Republic”). Literary identity has soon become a core issue, in order to promote a reflection on the idea of Italy independently of its political unity. This essay aims to reconstruct the various positions pro and contra the hypothesis of a literary identity, which can be seen, on the one hand, as an outcome of Risorgimento and Fascist propaganda, but also, on the other hand, as a means to overcome political divides and develop a shared rather than ethnical community.
Serpents and Sorcery: Humanity, Gender, and the Demonic in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Authors: Pierce Laurie
Published: February 2015

The demonic plays an integral role in the Shahnameh, manifesting itself in countless forms. Early kings and heroes fight demons at every turn, and in one of the most memorable tales in the poem—the story of Zahhāk—Iran itself falls under the rule of demonic forces. But demons are not always physical creatures; we also encounter them as immaterial forces of temptation, distraction, and fate. One of the most fascinating aspects of this multifarious presentation of the demonic is the way it intersects the poem's portrayal of what it means to be human. This article focuses on that intersection, highlighting encounters between human beings and the demonic and arguing that they not only complicate notions of humanity, but also construct and reinforce categories of masculinity and femininity. A close examination of two phenomena at the heart of human–demon contact—serpents and sorcery—reveals how evil is embodied and enacted in highly gendered ways. Male and female characters in the Shahnameh diverge in their abilities to combat the demonic and are lured into wickedness by different means. What emerges from the interplay between human beings and demons and between the categories of masculinity, femininity, and the demonic is a multifaceted and sophisticated portrayal of evil that informs even the simplest and most straightforward tales in Ferdowsi's work.
Kinesin-1–powered microtubule sliding initiates axonal regeneration inDrosophilacultured neurons
Authors: Lu Wen , Lakonishok Margot , Gelfand Vladimir I.
Published: February 2015

Understanding the mechanism underlying axon regeneration is of great practical importance for developing therapeutic treatment for traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Dramatic cytoskeleton reorganization occurs at the injury site, and microtubules have been implicated in the regeneration process. Previously we demonstrated that microtubule sliding by conventional kinesin (kinesin-1) is required for initiation of neurite outgrowth in Drosophila embryonic neurons and that sliding is developmentally down-regulated when neurite outgrowth is completed. Here we report that mechanical axotomy of Drosophila neurons in culture triggers axonal regeneration and regrowth. Regenerating neurons contain actively sliding microtubules; this sliding, like sliding during initial neurite outgrowth, is driven by kinesin-1 and is required for axonal regeneration. The injury induces a fast spike of calcium, depolymerization of microtubules near the injury site, and subsequent formation of local new microtubule arrays with mixed polarity. These events are required for reactivation of microtubule sliding at the initial stages of regeneration. Furthermore, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway promotes regeneration by enhancing microtubule sliding in injured mature neurons.
Supporting interoperability of genetic data with LOINC
Authors: Deckard Jamalynne , McDonald Clement J , Vreeman Daniel J
Published: February 2015

Electronic reporting of genetic testing results is increasing, but they are often represented in diverse formats and naming conventions. Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) is a vocabulary standard that provides universal identifiers for laboratory tests and clinical observations. In genetics, LOINC provides codes to improve interoperability in the midst of reporting style transition, including codes for cytogenetic or mutation analysis tests, specific chromosomal alteration or mutation testing, and fully structured discrete genetic test reporting. LOINC terms follow the recommendations and nomenclature of other standards such as the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee’s terminology for gene names. In addition to the narrative text they report now, we recommend that laboratories always report as discrete variables chromosome analysis results, genetic variation(s) found, and genetic variation(s) tested for. By adopting and implementing data standards like LOINC, information systems can help care providers and researchers unlock the potential of genetic information for delivering more personalized care.
Understanding variations in pediatric asthma care processes in the emergency department using visual analytics
Authors: Basole Rahul C. , Braunstein Mark L. , Kumar Vikas , Park Hyunwoo , Kahng Minsuk , Chau Duen Horng (Polo) , Tamersoy Acar , Hirsh Daniel A. , Serban Nicoleta , Bost James , Lesnick Burton , Schissel Beth L. , Thompson Michael
Published: February 2015

Health care delivery processes consist of complex activity sequences spanning organizational, spatial, and temporal boundaries. Care is human-directed so these processes can have wide variations in cost, quality, and outcome making systemic care process analysis, conformance testing, and improvement challenging. We designed and developed an interactive visual analytic process exploration and discovery tool and used it to explore clinical data from 5784 pediatric asthma emergency department patients.
Computer-Assisted Text Analysis for Comparative Politics
Authors: Lucas Christopher , Nielsen Richard A. , Roberts Margaret E. , Stewart Brandon M. , Storer Alex , Tingley Dustin
Published: February 2015

Recent advances in research tools for the systematic analysis of textual data are enabling exciting new research throughout the social sciences. For comparative politics, scholars who are often interested in non-English and possibly multilingual textual datasets, these advances may be difficult to access. This article discusses practical issues that arise in the processing, management, translation, and analysis of textual data with a particular focus on how procedures differ across languages. These procedures are combined in two applied examples of automated text analysis using the recently introduced Structural Topic Model. We also show how the model can be used to analyze data that have been translated into a single language via machine translation tools. All the methods we describe here are implemented in open-source software packages available from the authors.
Dynamic Estimation of Latent Opinion Using a Hierarchical Group-Level IRT Model
Authors: Caughey Devin , Warshaw Christopher
Published: February 2015

Over the past eight decades, millions of people have been surveyed on their political opinions. Until recently, however, polls rarely included enough questions in a given domain to apply scaling techniques such as IRT models at the individual level, preventing scholars from taking full advantage of historical survey data. To address this problem, we develop a Bayesian group-level IRT approach that models latent traits at the level of demographic and/or geographic groups rather than individuals. We use a hierarchical model to borrow strength cross-sectionally and dynamic linear models to do so across time. The group-level estimates can be weighted to generate estimates for geographic units. This framework opens up vast new areas of research on historical public opinion, especially at the subnational level. We illustrate this potential by estimating the average policy liberalism of citizens in each U.S. state in each year between 1972 and 2012.
Experimentation in Federal Systems *
Authors: Callander Steven , Harstad Bård
Published: February 2015

We develop a model of policy experimentation in federal systems in which heterogeneous districts choose both whether to experiment and the policies to experiment with. The prospect of informational spillovers implies that in the first best the districts converge in their policy choice. Strikingly, when authority is decentralized, the equilibrium predicts the opposite. The districts use their policy choice to discourage other districts from free-riding on them, thereby inefficiently minimizing informational spillovers. To address this failure, we introduce a dynamic form of federalism in which the central government harmonizes policy choices only after the districts have experimented. This progressive concentration of power induces a policy tournament that can increase the incentive to experiment and encourage policy convergence. We compare outcomes under the different systems and derive the optimal levels of district heterogeneity.
A literature-based meta-analysis of brain-wide electrophysiological diversity
Authors: Tripathy Shreejoy J , Burton Shawn D , Geramita Matthew , Gerkin Richard C , Urban Nathaniel N
Published: February 2015

For decades, neurophysiologists have characterized the biophysical properties of a rich diversity of neuron types. However, identifying common features and computational roles shared across neuron types is made more difficult by inconsistent conventions for collecting and reporting biophysical data. Here, we leverage NeuroElectro, a literature-based database of electrophysiological properties (www.neuroelectro.org), to better understand neuronal diversity -- both within and across neuron types -- and the confounding influences of methodological variability. We show that experimental conditions (e.g., electrode types, recording temperatures, or animal age) can explain a substantial degree of the literature-reported biophysical variability observed within a neuron type. Critically, accounting for experimental metadata enables massive cross-study data normalization and reveals that electrophysiological data are far more reproducible across labs than previously appreciated. Using this normalized dataset, we find that neuron types throughout the brain cluster by biophysical properties into 6-9 super-classes. These classes include intuitive clusters, such as fast-spiking basket cells, as well as previously unrecognized clusters, including a novel class of cortical and olfactory bulb interneurons that exhibit persistent activity at theta-band frequencies.
Coevolutionary analyses require phylogenetically deep alignments and better null models to accurately detect inter-protein contacts within and between species
Authors: Avila-Herrera Aram , Pollard Katherine
Published: February 2015

When biomolecules physically interact, natural selection operates on them jointly. Contacting positions in protein and RNA structures exhibit correlated patterns of sequence evolution due to constraints imposed by the interaction, and molecular arms races can develop between interacting proteins in pathogens and their hosts. To evaluate how well methods developed to detect coevolving residues within proteins can be adapted for cross-species, inter-protein analysis, we used statistical criteria to quantify the performance of these methods in detecting inter-protein residues within 8 angstroms of each other in the co-crystal structures of 33 bacterial protein interactions. We also evaluated their performance for detecting known residues at the interface of a host-virus protein complex with a partially solved structure. Our quantitative benchmarking showed that all coevolutionary methods clearly benefit from alignments with many sequences. Methods that aim to detect direct correlations generally outperform other approaches. However, faster mutual information based methods are occasionally competitive in small alignments and with relaxed false positive rates. All commonly used null distributions are anti-conservative and have high false positive rates in some scenarios, although the empirical distribution of scores performs reasonably well with deep alignments. We conclude that coevolutionary analysis of cross-species protein interactions holds great promise but requires sequencing many more species pairs.
A foresight process as an institutional sensemaking tool
Authors: Vuori Johanna
Published: February 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how a foresight project supports institutional positioning efforts through joint sensemaking.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper describes a case study that investigated the design, implementation, and outcomes of a foresight project at a Finnish higher education institution that selected sales and services as its institutional focus areas. According to the institutional strategy, all students should have acquired solid sales and service skills before the completion of their studies. The foresight methods used in this study were e-Delphi, futures workshops, and futures narratives. The data gathered in this iterative foresight process resulted in the delineation of eight future sales and service roles and their related competences, which were subsequently used for redesigning curricula, new programme development, and personnel training.

Findings

– With the careful choice of foresight methods, the organisation was not only able to define future competence needs based on the collective wisdom of its stakeholders, but also fostered the organisation’s strategic transformation process.

Practical implications

– This paper gives insight into how to use a foresight process to foster institution-wide change.

Originality/value

– This is one of only a few studies on how higher education institutions could implement their positioning strategies.
Buyer-supplier embeddedness and patterns of innovation
Authors: Kim Yusoon , Choi Thomas Y. , Skilton Paul F.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe different ways in which a buyer and supplier can be embedded in a dyadic relationship and how these differences influence patterns of inter-firm innovation activities and outcomes. Specifically, to address the relative paucity of theoretical work on how dyadic configurations influence parties’ joint innovation behavior, this study examines how different buyer-supplier embeddedness (BSE) configurations change the four choices that pertain to the levels of involvement buyers and suppliers exhibit in inter-firm innovation activities. These choices concern the processes buyers use to engage suppliers; the scope of efforts in each party; the locus of effects determining the beneficiaries; and the extent to which parties disclose private innovations within the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

– Drawing on social embeddedness literature, the authors conceptualize dyad level, BSE in two dimensions: relational and structural. The relational dimension describes the quality of relationship, while the structural dimension describes the intensity of exchanges between the parties. Together these dimensions allow the authors to map the differences in BSE configurations and provide a basis for exploring their links to inter-firm innovation patterns.

Findings

– The authors demonstrate the configurational approach to the innovation patterns in inter-organizational setting. That is, the authors conclude that different configurations of BSE are likely to produce distinctive patterns of choices for inter-firm innovation activities.

Originality/value

– This study applies social embeddedness perspective to conceptualize dyadic BSE. Adoption of this concept allows dimensionalizing the dyadic relationships into two distinct dyadic elements, relational, and structural dimensions. Also, the concept has rich implications for how partner firms interact and share information. The dyad’s innovation potential and patterns are considered based on the configurations of dyadic embeddedness.