bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burn Prevention in Spanish: Assessment of Content Accuracy, Website Quality, and Readability of Online Sources
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel D , Ortega Pilar , Hendren-Santiago Bryce K , Gillenwater T Justin , Vrouwe Sebastian Q
Published: May 2023

Burn prevention information may be inadequate or inaccessible to communities with non-English language preference. Our objective was to systematically analyze the content accuracy, website quality, and readability of online Spanish information for burn prevention in the home and compare it to English websites. We collected the top ten burn prevention results from a search on Google, Bing, and Yahoo using a list of Spanish key terms. Using recommendations from national organizations and a burn care expert team, content accuracy was evaluated for each website. We assessed website quality following the “Health on the Net” Code of Conduct. Readability was scored by averaging five validated readability tests for the Spanish language. After using the same protocol, a comparison was made with English websites as a control. Once duplicates and non-relevant search results were removed, 23 Spanish websites were assessed. Out of 21 possible points for content accuracy, the top website scored 14 (67%) and the average score was 6.6 (31%). For website quality, the average score was 50%. The average grade level needed to read the websites was 8.6. Compared to English, Spanish websites were less accurate (31% vs 41%), harder to read (9.8 vs 7.8), but were of higher website quality (50% vs 43%). Online burn prevention information in Spanish is often inaccurate, incomplete, and inferior to available English language websites. We propose a call to action to increase the quality of online burn prevention material available in Spanish.
Military Assistance to Ukraine: Enquiring the Need for Any Legal Justification under International Law
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël
Published: May 2023

Since the invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022, Western states have provided significant military support to the Ukrainian armed forces, through the supply of arms or intelligence. This article enquires whether those states need any legal justification to make such support lawful under international law and, more particularly, under the law on the use of force, the law of neutrality and the regulation of arms transfers. It concludes that such justification might be required in certain circumstances and that the supporting states’ narrative, namely helping Ukraine to exercise its right of self-defence in response to a blatant armed attack, might act as a valid justification, except with respect to certain regulations on arms transfer.
Effect of systemic inflammatory response on induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: an exploratory subgroup analysis on systemic inflammatory response in JCOG1106
Authors: Mizuno Nobumasa , Ioka Tatsuya , Ogawa Gakuto , Nakamura Satoaki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Ito Yoshinori , Katayama Hiroshi , Takada Ryoji , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Miwa Haruo , Okano Naohiro , Kuramochi Hidekazu , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Okusaka Takuji , Ozaka Masato , Todaka Akiko , Gotoh Kunihito , Tobimatsu Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Hironori , Nakagohri Toshio , Kajiura Shinya , Sudo Kentaro , Okamura Keiya , Shimizu Satoshi , Shirakawa Hirofumi , Kato Naoya , Sano Keiji , Iwai Tomohisa , Fujimori Nao , Ueno Makoto , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji ,   Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Group (HBPOG) of Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: May 2023

Objective

JCOG1106, a randomized phase II trial conducted to compare chemoradiotherapy (S-1 concurrent radiotherapy) with (Arm B) or without (Arm A) induction chemotherapy using gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, showed a more favorable long-term survival in Arm A. This study was aimed at exploring whether some subgroups classified by the systemic inflammatory response might derive greater benefit from either treatment.

Methods

All subjects eligible for JCOG1106 were included in this analysis (n = 51/49 in Arm A/B). This exploratory subgroup analysis was performed by Cox regression analysis to investigate the impact of the systemic inflammatory response, as assessed based on the serum C-reactive protein, serum albumin (albumin), Glasgow Prognostic Score and derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, at the baseline on overall survival. P values <0.1 for the interaction were regarded as denoting significant association.

Results

Glasgow prognostic score showed significant treatment interactions for overall survival. Hazard ratios of Arm B to Arm A were 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.82–2.23) in the Glasgow Prognostic Score 0 (C-reactive protein ≤10 mg/L and albumin ≥35 g/L) (n = 44/34 in Arm A/B) and 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–1.50) in the Glasgow Prognostic Score 1/2 (C-reactive protein >10 mg/L and/or albumin <35 g/L) (n = 7/15) (P-interaction = 0.06). C-reactive protein alone and albumin alone also showed significant treatment interactions for overall survival.

Conclusions

Survival benefits of induction chemotherapy in chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer were observed in patients with elevated Glasgow Prognostic Score, high C-reactive protein and low albumin. These results suggest that systemic inflammatory response might be considered to apply induction chemotherapy preceding chemoradiotherapy.
Complications associated with the surgical removal of non-syndromic supernumerary premolar tooth buds in the mandible
Authors: Marya Anand , Sharan Jitendra , Mandava Prasad , El-hassanein El-Hassanein Hussein
Published: May 2023

Hyperdontia involving the premolar teeth can be single or multiple or even related to a syndrome. These are frequently encountered in permanent dentition, but their occurrence has ranged between 0.09 and 0.64% in the general population. These are commonly found between the permanent canines and first premolars but rarely between the first and second premolars. These are usually eumorphic and can be easily identified as they follow the conventional tooth morphology. These are usually asymptomatic and not easily palpable unless they are very close to eruption. A lingual approach is preferred during their removal over the buccal method as it poses less risk of root trauma. In this case, bilateral accessory premolar tooth buds were present between the first and second premolars. Since the patient was undergoing orthodontic treatment, she was advised to remove these accessory teeth. For their removal, a Neumann flap with a buccal approach was used, which led to fracturing the root apex of the mandibular right second premolar root. On follow-up over the next 1 year, no other complications or secondary tooth germs were observed, and following a period of bone formation, the bone in the affected area formed normally again.
The (mis)use of fetal viability as the determinant of non-criminal abortion in the Netherlands and England and Wales
Authors: Halliday Samantha , Romanis Elizabeth Chloe , de Proost Lien , Verweij E Joanne
Published: May 2023

Time plays a fundamental role in abortion regulation. In this article, we compare the regulatory frameworks in England and Wales and the Netherlands as examples of the centrality accorded to viability in the determination of the parameters of non-criminal abortion, demonstrating that the use of viability as a threshold renders the law uncertain. We assess the role played by the concept of viability, analysing its impact upon the continued criminalization of abortion and categorization of abortion as a medical matter, rather than a reproductive choice. We conclude that viability is misconceived in its application to abortion and that neonatal viability (relating to treatment of the premature infant) and fetal viability (related to the capacity to survive birth) must be distinguished to better reflect the social context within which the law and practice of abortion operate. We show how viability thresholds endanger pregnant people.
Kepler’s last planet discoveries: two new planets and one single-transit candidate from K2 campaign 19
Authors: Incha Elyse , Vanderburg Andrew , Jacobs Tom , LaCourse Daryll , Bieryla Allyson , Pass Emily , Howell Steve B , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael , Esquerdo Gilbert , Latham David W , Mann Andrew W
Published: May 2023

The Kepler space telescope was responsible for the discovery of over 2700 confirmed exoplanets, more than half of the total number of exoplanets known today. These discoveries took place during both Kepler’s primary mission, when it spent 4 yr staring at the same part of the sky, and its extended K2 mission, when a mechanical failure forced it to observe different parts of the sky along the ecliptic. At the very end of the mission, when Kepler was exhausting the last of its fuel reserves, it collected a short set of observations known as K2 Campaign 19. So far, no planets have been discovered in this data set because it only yielded about a week of high-quality data. Here, we report some of the last planet discoveries made by Kepler in the Campaign 19 dataset. We conducted a visual search of the week of high-quality Campaign 19 data and identified three possible planet transits. Each planet candidate was originally identified with only one recorded transit, from which we were able to estimate the planets’ radii and estimate the semimajor axes and orbital periods. Analysis of lower-quality data collected after low fuel pressure caused the telescope’s pointing precision to suffer revealed additional transits for two of these candidates, allowing us to statistically validate them as genuine exoplanets. We also tentatively confirm the transits of one planet with TESS. These discoveries demonstrate Kepler’s exoplanet detection power, even when it was literally running on fumes.
Forecast of cross-correlation of Chinese Survey Space Telescope cosmic shear tomography with Ali CMB Polarization Telescope cosmic microwave background lensing
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Yao Ji , Liu Xiangkun , Liu Dezi , Fan Zuhui , Hu Bin
Published: May 2023

We present a forecast study on the cross-correlation between cosmic shear tomography from the Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing from Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT-1) in Tibet. The correlated galaxy and CMB lensing signals were generated from Gaussian realizations based on inputted auto and cross-spectra. To account for the error budget, we considered the CMB lensing reconstruction noise based on the AliCPT-1 lensing reconstruction pipeline; shape noise of the galaxy lensing measurement; CSST photo-z error; photo-z bias; intrinsic alignment (IA) effect; and multiplicative bias. The AliCPT-1 CMB lensing mock data were generated according to two experimental stages, namely the ‘4 modules*yr’ and ‘48 modules*yr’ cases. We estimate the cross-spectra in four tomographic bins according to the CSST photo-z distribution in the range of z ∈ [0, 4). After reconstructing the pseudo-cross-spectra from the realizations, we calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By combining the four photo-z bins, the total cross-correlation SNR ≈ 15 (AliCPT-1 ‘4 modules*yr’) and SNR ≈ 22 (AliCPT-1 ‘48 modules*yr’). Finally, we study the cosmological application of this cross-correlation signal. Excluding IA in the template fitting would lead to roughly a 0.6σ increment in σ8 due to the negative IA contribution to the galaxy lensing data. For AliCPT-1 first and second stages, the cross-correlation of CSST cosmic shear with CMB lensing gives errors on the clustering amplitude $\sigma _{\sigma _8}=^{+0.043}_{-0.038}$ or $\sigma _{S_8}=\pm 0.031$ and $\sigma _{\sigma _8}=^{+0.030}_{-0.027}$ or $\sigma _{S_8}=\pm 0.018$, respectively.
Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
Authors: Zhu Feng-Yao , Wang Junzhi , Yan Yaoting , Zhu Qing-Feng , Li Juan
Published: May 2023

Shocks are abundant in star-forming regions, and are often related with star formation. In our previous observations toward 100 starless clump candidates (SCCs) in the Galaxy, a sample of 34 SCCs associated with shocks is identified. In this work, we perform mapping observations of the SiO 2–1, 3–2, HC3N 10–9, HCO+ 1–0, H13CO+ 1–0, and H41 α lines toward 9 out of the detected sources by using IRAM 30-m radio telescope to study the origins of the shocks in the SCCs. We find shocks in three sources (BGPS 3110, 3114, and 3118) are produced by collisions between the expanding ionized gas and ambient molecular gas, instead of by the star formation activity inside SCCs. On the other hand, shocks in the other six sources are related to star formation activity of SCCs. The signatures of protostellar outflows are clearly shown in the molecular lines toward BGPS 4029, 4472, 5064. Comparing our results with the previous ALMA observations performed in the same region, the shocks in BGPS 3686 and 5114 are also likely to be due to protostellar activity. The origin of shock in BGPS 5243 is still unclear although some features in the SiO spectra imply the presence of protostellar activity.
Faithfully Taking Pascal’s Wager
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

I examine the relationship between taking Pascal’s wager, faith, and hope. First, I argue that many who take Pascal’s wager have genuine faith that God exists. The person of faith and the wagerer have several things in common, including a commitment to God and positive cognitive and conative attitudes toward God’s existence. If one’s credences in theism are too low to have faith, I argue that the wagerer can still hope that God exists, another commitment-justifying theological virtue. I conclude with two upshots of the argument, including how it provides responses to common objections to Pascal’s wager.
Demoralization and Hope: A Psychological Reading of Kant’s Moral Argument
Authors: Chignell Andrew
Published: May 2023

Kant’s “primacy of the practical” doctrine says that we can form morally justified commitments regarding what exists, even in the absence of sufficient epistemic grounds. In this paper I critically examine three different varieties of Kant’s “moral proof” that can be found in the critical works. My claim is that the third variety—the “moral-psychological argument” based in the need to sustain moral hope and avoid demoralization—has some intriguing advantages over the other two. It starts with a premise that more clearly coheres with Kant’s mature account of moral motivation, and it invokes plausible empirical-psychological theses to motivate a commitment to the full-blown classical deity—the result Kant clearly wanted. From the point of view of its structure, I think this third variety of moral argument also has the most by way of contemporary interest.
Global Faith, Trust, and Hope
Authors: Malcolm Finlay
Published: May 2023

This paper develops an account of faith as a global trait of character, and explores how it relates to trust and hope. This account is developed in terms of the functional role faith occupies: what it is that global faith does in our lives. Global faith is taken to be a disposition to persevere in seeing the good in situations, events, circumstances, and people. This trait is explored through real and fictionalised situations of difficulty and strife, and when looking back at one’s past experiences and challenges. The paper locates global faith within the broader family of faith-attitudes, contrasts it with similar accounts, and shows how it contributes to valuable trustfulness and hopefulness.
A case in which baricitinib was effective for both rheumatoid arthritis and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Migita Rioko , Tanaka Atsushi , Tanimoto Kazuki , Hiura Junki , Kimoto Yasutaka , Horiuchi Takahiko , Inoue Yasushi
Published: May 2023

We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis and JAK2V617F mutation–positive essential thrombocythemia treated with baricitinib. The patient was a 72-year-old male. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at a local clinic in April 2018. Methotrexate (MTX) was started and the dose was increased to 16 mg/week. In October of the same year, anaemia was observed and MTX was reduced, but anaemia progressed. Blood tests showed pancytopenia, and he was referred to Rheumatology on suspicion of drug-induced pancytopenia. Pancytopenia improved with discontinuation of MTX and administration of folic acid. His platelet count was markedly increased to 1,400,000/μl at one point, decreased to 400,000/μl, and then gradually increased to 700,000–1,000,000/μl. Despite taking an antiplatelet drug, he developed cerebral infarction in June 2019. The JAK2V617F mutation was noted, and he was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia. Hydroxycarbamide was started, but the effect was insufficient. Baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, was started in August with the expectation that it would also be effective for essential thrombocythemia. The platelet count decreased to ∼400,000–600,000 cells/μl, and a decrease in the C-reactive protein level and the improvement of arthritis were noted. We report this case because it is considered to be a valuable case, suggesting that baricitinib may be effective for essential thrombocythemia.
Bacterial Wars—a tool for the prediction of bacterial predominance based on network analysis measures
Authors: Oulas Anastasis , Minadakis George , Zachariou Margarita , Tomazou Marios , Vlamis-Gardikas Alexios , Spyrou George M
Published: May 2023

Bacterial Wars (BW) is a network-based tool that applies a two-step pipeline to display information on the competition of bacterial species found in the same microbiome. It utilizes antimicrobial peptide (AMP) sequence similarities to obtain a relationship between species. The working hypothesis (putative AMP defense) is that friendly species share sequence similarity among the putative AMPs of their proteomes and are therefore immune to their AMPs. This may not happen in competing bacterial species with dissimilar putative AMPs. Similarities in the putative AMPs of bacterial proteomes may be thus used to predict predominance. The tool provides insights as to which bacterial species are more likely to ‘die’ in a competing environmental niche.
Effects of policies or interventions that influence the school food environment on children’s health and nonhealth outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Durão Solange , Wilkinson Maryke , Davids Eugene L , Gerritsen Annette , Kredo Tamara
Published: May 2023

Context

Globally, 1 in 3 children under 5 years is undernourished or overweight, and 1 in 2 suffers from hidden hunger due to nutrient deficiencies. As children spend a considerable time at school, school-based policies that aim to improve children’s dietary intake may help address this double burden of malnutrition.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of implementing policies or interventions that influence the school food environment on children’s health and nonhealth outcomes.

Data sources, extraction, and analysis

Eleven databases were searched up to April 2020 and the World Health Organization (WHO) released a call for data due in June 2020. Records were screened against the eligibility criteria, and data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted by 1 reviewer and checked by another. The synthesis was based on effect direction, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.

Conclusions

Seventy-four studies reporting 10 different comparisons were included. The body of evidence indicates that interventions addressing the school food environment may have modest beneficial effects on certain key outcomes. Nutrition standards for healthy foods and beverages at schools, interventions that change how food is presented and positioned, and fruit and vegetable provision may have a beneficial effect on the consumption of healthy foods and beverages. Regarding effects on the consumption of discretionary foods and beverages, nutrition standards may have beneficial effects. Nutrition standards for foods and beverages, changes to portion size served, and the implementation of multiple nudging strategies may have beneficial effects on energy intake. Regarding effects of purchasing or selecting healthier foods, changes to how food is presented and positioned may be beneficial. This review was commissioned and supported by the WHO (registration 2020/1001698-0). WHO reviewed and approved the protocol for the systematic review and reviewed the initial report of the completed systematic review.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no: CRD42020186265.
Rectal ulcers: a complication from stool management system use
Authors: Haider Muhammad , Master Madiha , Master Muhammad , Khalilova Evelina , Daoud Magda , Nfonoyim Jay
Published: May 2023

Fecal management System (FMS) is widely used across medical facilities in United States. These devices have helped in preventing problems associated with fecal incontinence. Although highly efficient, these devices can also lead to certain complications including rectal ulcer and lower Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old male being treated for pneumonia and atrial fibrillation, who had significant lower GI bleed while being on FMS for stool incontinence. A colonoscopy was performed, which showed multiple rectal ulcers with one large ulcer having a visible pulsating vessel. This case highlights a rarely reported complication of rectal ulcers and GI bleed associated with use of FMS.
A successful antenatal outcome in a patient with refractory Takayasu’s arteritis treated with tocilizumab throughout pregnancy—a case report
Authors: Khan Behram , David Trixy , Sussman Jon , Simcox Louise , Tower Clare , Soh Calvin , Bruce Ian N
Published: May 2023

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a rare form of large-vessel vasculitis for which tocilizumab (TCZ) may be administered in resistant or refractory disease. Current British Society of Rheumatology advice is to stop TCZ 3-months pre-conception. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with extensive TA treated with TCZ, azathioprine and glucocorticoids in pregnancy. She was closely monitored with MDT input and TCZ was continued throughout pregnancy as the benefits were thought to outweigh the risks. Our case also highlights the importance of accurate blood pressure monitoring in an appropriate anatomical location, given the extent of her disease. Our patient’s disease remained stable throughout the antenatal and post-partum period with a successful pregnancy outcome and no maternal or foetal complications. TCZ is suitable for select cases of refractory TA during pregnancy.
Severe metabolic acidosis due to massive metformin overdose in a man: a case report
Authors: Manouchehri Aliasghar , Rashidian Hale , Zakariaei Zakaria
Published: May 2023

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is an extremely unusual but potentially life-threatening condition. This condition is typically observed in individuals who are suicidal or have type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and have taken an overdose of metformin. In this case, we present the instance of a 43-year-old man who had type II DM and was addicted to oral opium. Following a suicide attempt with an overdose of metformin, he experienced symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weakness and lactic acidosis. However, prompt and effective treatment was administered, including hemodialysis and adequate hemodynamic resuscitation, leading to a successful outcome.
An extracellular matrix-mimetic coating with dual bionics for cardiovascular stents
Authors: Chen Nuoya , Li Mingyu , Wu Haoshaung , Qin Yumei , Wang Jian , Xu Kai , Luo Rifang , Yang Li , Wang Yunbing , Zhang Xingdong
Published: May 2023

Anti-inflammation and anti-coagulation are the primary requirements for cardiovascular stents and also the widely accepted trajectory for multi-functional modification. In this work, we proposed an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic coating for cardiovascular stents with the amplified functionalization of recombinant humanized collagen type III (rhCOL III), where the biomimetics were driven by structure mimicry and component/function mimicry. Briefly, the structure-mimic was constructed by the formation of a nanofiber (NF) structure via the polymerization of polysiloxane with a further introduction of amine groups as the nanofibrous layer. The fiber network could function as a three-dimensional reservoir to support the amplified immobilization of rhCoL III. The rhCOL III was tailored for anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory and endothelialization promotion properties, which endows the ECM-mimetic coating with desired surface functionalities. Stent implantation in the abdominal aorta of rabbits was conducted to validate the in vivo re-endothelialization of the ECM-mimetic coating. The mild inflammatory responses, anti-thrombotic property, promotion of endothelialization and suppression of excessive neointimal hyperplasia confirmed that the ECM-mimetic coating provided a promising approach for the modification of vascular implants.
A Scoping Review of Workplace Interventions to Promote Positive Attitudes Toward Older Workers and Reduce Age-Based Discrimination
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Joffe Tomer , Ginnivan Natasha , Parker Sharon K , Anstey Kaarin J
Published: May 2023

Population aging trends have created a need for effective policies to extend adult working lives. Previous research has identified the prevalence of negative attitudes (age-related stereotypes, prejudice, and discriminatory behaviors) directed toward older workers in the workplace context. The current scoping review aimed to describe and assess the current evidence in support of different types of interventions aimed at promoting positive attitudes and reducing age-based discrimination in the workplace context. A search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases identified 22 relevant studies, including data from 5,078 adult participants, across laboratory and field settings. From examination of these studies, we propose and describe four thematic categories of interventions, as a way of organizing this literature: “de-biasing interventions,” “brief attitudinal interventions,” “age diversity workshop interventions,” and “structural or contextual interventions.” At the current point in time, studies assessing age diversity workshop interventions appear to be the strongest, having a clear theoretical basis, having a focus on interventions that can be delivered in workplace settings, and providing evidence for positive effects on measures that are meaningful for organizations and older workers. While a number of promising interventions have been tested, most studies were only able to demonstrate improvements in explicit measurements of attitudes toward older adults, immediately following the intervention. Collaborative partnerships with organizations and further high-quality studies (particularly in field settings) are required to support the development, evaluation, and implementation of interventions to promote positive attitudes toward older adults in real-world workplace settings.
Aberrant activation of Notch1 signaling in the mouse uterine epithelium promotes hyper‐proliferation by increasing estrogen sensitivity
Authors: Xu Qi‐Xin , Madhavan Manoj , Wei Shu‐Wen , Zhang Wang‐Qing , Lu Lei , Wang Ke‐Zhi , Genna Moldovan , Song Yong , Zhao Yu , Shao Huan‐Ting , Kang Jin‐Wen , Fazleabas Asgerally T. , Arora Ripla , Su Ren‐Wei
Published: May 2023

In mammals, the endometrium undergoes dynamic changes in response to estrogen and progesterone to prepare for blastocyst implantation. Two distinct types of endometrial epithelial cells, the luminal (LE) and glandular (GE) epithelial cells play different functional roles during this physiological process. Previously, we have reported that Notch signaling plays multiple roles in embryo implantation, decidualization, and postpartum repair. Here, using the uterine epithelial‐specific Ltf‐iCre, we showed that Notch1 signaling over‐activation in the endometrial epithelium caused dysfunction of the epithelium during the estrous cycle, resulting in hyper‐proliferation. During pregnancy, it further led to dysregulation of estrogen and progesterone signaling, resulting in infertility in these animals. Using 3D organoids, we showed that over‐activation of Notch1 signaling increased the proliferative potential of both LE and GE cells and reduced the difference in transcription profiles between them, suggesting disrupted differentiation of the uterine epithelium. In addition, we demonstrated that both canonical and non‐canonical Notch signaling contributed to the hyper‐proliferation of GE cells, but only the non‐canonical pathway was involved with estrogen sensitivity in the GE cells. These findings provided insights into the effects of Notch1 signaling on the proliferation, differentiation, and function of the uterine epithelium. This study demonstrated the important roles of Notch1 signaling in regulating hormone response and differentiation of endometrial epithelial cells and provides an opportunity for future studies in estrogen‐dependent diseases, such as endometriosis.
A static magnetic field improves bone quality and balances the function of bone cells with regulation on iron metabolism and redox status in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lv Huanhuan , Wang Yijia , Zhen Chenxiao , Liu Junyu , Chen Xin , Zhang Gejing , Yao Wei , Guo Huijie , Wei Yunpeng , Wang Shenghang , Yang Jiancheng , Shang Peng
Published: May 2023

Osteoporosis is one of the chronic complications of type 1 diabetes with high risk of fracture. The prevention of diabetic osteoporosis is of particular importance. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) exhibit advantages on improvement of diabetic complications. The biological effects and mechanism of SMFs on bone health of type 1 diabetic mice and functions of bone cells under high glucose have not been clearly clarified. In animal experiment, six‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were induced to type 1 diabetes and exposed to SMF of 0.4–0.7 T for 4 h/day lasting for 6 weeks. Bone mass, biomechanical strength, microarchitecture and metabolism were determined by DXA, three‐point bending assay, micro‐CT, histochemical and biochemical methods. Exposure to SMF increased BMD and BMC of femur, improved biomechanical strength with higher ultimate stress, stiffness and elastic modulus, and ameliorated the impaired bone microarchitecture in type 1 diabetic mice by decreasing Tb.Pf, Ct.Po and increasing Ct.Th. SMF enhanced bone turnover by increasing the level of markers for bone formation (OCN and Collagen I) as well as bone resorption (CTSK and NFAT2). In cellular experiment, MC3T3‐E1 cells or primary osteoblasts and RAW264.7 cells were cultured in 25 mM high glucose‐stimulated diabetic marrow microenvironment under differentiation induction and exposed to SMF. SMF promoted osteogenesis with higher ALP level and mineralization deposition in osteoblasts, and it also enhanced osteoclastogenesis with higher TRAP activity and bone resorption in osteoclasts under high glucose condition. Further, SMF increased iron content with higher FTH1 expression and regulated the redox level through activating HO‐1/Nrf2 in tibial tissues, and lowered hepatic iron accumulation by BMP6‐mediated regulation of hepcidin and lipid peroxidation in mice with type 1 diabetes. Thus, SMF may act as a potential therapy for improving bone health in type 1 diabetes with regulation on iron homeostasis metabolism and redox status.
Nursing Faculty Job Satisfaction During COVID-19
Authors: Sessions Laura C. , Ness Michelle , Mark Hayley , Yang Bo Kyum
Published: May 2023

AIM

The aim of this study was to understand stress, resilience, and compassion satisfaction of nursing faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors related to their job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND

The impacts of COVID-19 on faculty stress, resilience, compassion satisfaction, and job satisfaction were unknown.

METHOD

A mixed-methods survey was distributed electronically to nursing faculty in the United States.

RESULTS

Compassion satisfaction and resilience were positively correlated with job satisfaction; stress and job satisfaction were negatively correlated. Feeling safe to teach, feeling supported by administration, and spending more hours teaching online were positively associated with job satisfaction. Three themes were identified: challenges in the workplace, struggles with personal stressors, and building capacity in the face of the unknown.

CONCLUSION

Faculty reported a strong professional commitment to nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leadership that supported faculty through concern for their safety contributed to participants’ ability to respond to the challenges experienced.
Glutamine synthetase-negative hepatocellular carcinoma has better prognosis and response to sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy
Authors: Shao Mingyang , Tao Qing , Xu Yahong , Xu Qing , Shu Yuke , Chen Yuwei , Shen Junyi , Zhou Yongjie , Wu Zhenru , Chen Menglin , Yang Jiayin , Shi Yujun , Wen Tianfu , Bu Hong
Published: May 2023

Background:

Glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) are widely used pathological markers that discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; however, their clinical significance in HCC remains unclear.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 431 HCC patients: 251 received hepatectomy alone, and the other 180 received sorafenib as adjuvant treatment after hepatectomy. Expression of GS and Arg1 in tumor specimens was evaluated using immunostaining. mRNA sequencing and immunostaining to detect progenitor markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19] and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) and mutant TP53 were also conducted.

Results:

Up to 72.4% (312/431) of HCC tumors were GS positive (GS+). Of the patients receiving hepatectomy alone, GS negative (GS−) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than GS+ patients; negative expression of Arg1, which is exclusively expressed in GS− hepatocytes in the healthy liver, had a negative effect on prognosis. Of the patients with a high risk of recurrence who received additional sorafenib treatment, GS− patients tended to have better RFS than GS+ patients, regardless of the expression status of Arg1. GS+ HCC tumors exhibit many features of the established proliferation molecular stratification subtype, including poor differentiation, high alpha-fetoprotein levels, increased progenitor tumor cells, TP53 mutation, and upregulation of multiple tumor-related signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

GS− HCC patients have a better prognosis and are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy. Immunostaining of GS may provide a simple and applicable approach for HCC molecular stratification to predict prognosis and guide targeted therapy.
Divide and conquer: broadly neutralizing antibody combinations for improved HIV-1 viral coverage
Authors: Wagh Kshitij , Seaman Michael S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review

Successful HIV-1 prevention and therapy will require broad and potent coverage of within-host and global viral diversity. Broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) combination and multispecific therapeutics provide an opportunity to meet this challenge due to the complementary activity of individual antibody components. Here, we review the principles and applications of this concept.

Recent findings

The Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials have demonstrated the high bar for neutralization potency and breadth that bNAb-mediated prevention modalities will need to achieve to have a meaningful impact on the HIV-1 epidemic. Additional clinical studies have recently shown that an even higher bar may be required for therapeutic inhibition of the diverse within-host quasispecies present in viremic and aviremic people with HIV-1 (PWH). We discuss how the complementarity of bNAbs in terms of neutralization profiles, resistance mutations and coverage of within-host quasispecies may overcome these stringent requirements and lead to effective bNAb combination or multispecific antibody based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

The design of next-generation bNAb-based combination or multispecific therapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of HIV-1 infection will need to leverage the complementarity of component bNAbs to maximize the potency and breadth that will be required for clinical success.
The Dermatopathology Books Before Unna
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Cassarino David S. , Fonseca Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Unna's book on dermatopathology was the one that achieved the greatest recognition in medicine and influenced the largest number of dermatopathologists in Europe at that time. However, several previous texts also gathered the requirements to be considered dermatopathological books. In this manuscript, we briefly examine some of the most relevant features of the dermatopathology books written by Simon, Leloir and Vidal, Auspitz, Bärensprung, and Jackson.
Whole-Exome Sequencing of a Case of Squamoid Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma Reveal Similarities With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Grube Vanden Lamar , Ahmed Sarah , McCoy Kelly , Ashi Shaymaa , Hafeez Farhaan
Published: May 2023

Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma (SEDC) is a poorly documented but likely underrecognized sweat gland malignancy with significant risk for local recurrence and potential for metastasis and rare disease-related mortality. Histopathologically, the tumor demonstrates a biphasic differentiation pattern: superficially, the tumor has squamous differentiation [indistinguishable from well-differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC)], while the deeper aspect has a more infiltrative pattern with prominent ductal differentiation. Diagnosis of SEDC relies upon histopathologic examination alone. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, and its genomic features have yet to be described. In this article, we characterize the genomic features in a case of SEDC through whole-exome sequencing, then compare its features with cSCC and other eccrine ductal carcinomas. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 30 mutations/Mb with 21 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in total, identified across 14 different genes. The genomic abnormalities identified in this case of SEDC overlap considerably with those found in cSCC but not those of other sweat gland malignancies. The clinical and histopathologic features of SEDC previously reported and the genetic features determined from this case suggest that this tumor may arise initially as a well-differentiated cSCC that subsequently undergoes divergent differentiation focally to resemble a sweat gland malignancy. Genetic analyses of additional cases are warranted to clarify this consideration.
Axillary Cutaneous Hemosiderosis in a Patient With Hyperhidrosis, After Intravenous Iron Infusion
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Fernandez-Parrado Miriam , Alzoghby-Abi Chaker Jacques , Angulo Ana Graciela
Published: May 2023

Hemosiderosis consists of an iron deposit in tissues, which does not cause organic damage to them. However, in the case of the skin, being an organ exposed to sight, siderosis can produce a brownish coloration that is aesthetically discomforting for the individual. Most cutaneous sideroses are because of venous insufficiency with hemorrhagic extravasation. There is also a group secondary to iron extravasation in the injection site of the transfusion. However, there are very few cases in which an intravenous injection of an iron preparation has produced diffuse siderosis in extensive areas of the skin. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with hyperhidrosis, who was transfused as a result of postpartum hemorrhage and, shortly after receiving an intravenous iron infusion, developed extensive hyperpigmentation in both axillae.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery Is Equivalent to Nail Unit Excision or Amputation for Melanoma In Situ of the Nail Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Le Michelle , Gabrielli Sofianne , Zloty David
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Local recurrence (LR) rates of melanoma in situ (MIS) of the nail apparatus treated with different surgical modalities are unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the differences in LR rates of nail apparatus MIS treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) versus nail unit excision (NUE) versus amputation.

METHODS

Studies of nail/subungual MIS treated with MMS, NUE, or amputation were identified through multiple literature databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Pooled data were assessed through meta-analyses and Fisher exact test.

RESULTS

Of 280 studies identified, 20 met inclusion criteria (7 comparative studies and 13 single-arm studies). Among the 7 comparative studies, the LR was 4.38% (5/114) after NUE and 2.94% (1/34) after amputation (odds ratio: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.237–3.703). In the 13 noncomparative studies, 23 patients underwent MMS (pooled LR estimate: 11.07%; 95% CI: 3.22%–31.81%) and 140 patients underwent NUE (pooled LR estimate:8.04%, 95% CI: 4.43%–14.16%). The difference in LR rate between MMS, NUE, and amputation was not statistically significant (p = .578).

CONCLUSION

Local recurrence of nail/subungual MIS in cases treated with MMS was not statistically different than in cases treated with NUE and was comparable to amputation. Further studies investigating the use of MMS for the treatment of nail/subungual MIS are warranted.
Incidence and Clinical Impact of Endovenous Glue-Induced Hypersensitivity Among Patients Who Underwent Endovenous Cyanoacrylate Ablation Procedures: A Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yie Kilsoo , Shin A-Rom , Jung Eun-Hee , Hwang Eun-Jung
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The characteristics of endovenous glue-induced hypersensitivity (EGIH) remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the clinical impacts on patients with EGIH after endovenous cyanoacrylate-glue ablation (CA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospectively designed endovenous CA-specific registry was created, and a total of 335 limbs from 173 patients who underwent endovenous CA were enrolled for a cohort study.

RESULTS

Symptomatic EGIH was observed in 55 (31.8%) patients. Beyond the target vein area, systemic side effects were noted in 5.8% of the treated patients after CA. The median onset time was 13 postoperative days (range: 1–35 days). The median duration was 7 days, but about 10.9% of the affected patients experienced symptoms lasting longer than 4 weeks. In the EGIH and non-EGIH groups, significant improvements in venous clinical severity score and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire-14 scores were observed 3 months postoperatively. The development of EGIH did not affect the postoperative patient-reported satisfaction scores (p = .524).

CONCLUSION

EGIH is observed in a substantial proportion of patients. The side effects do not affect the clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures. Further studies are required on the detailed pathogenesis and definition of EGIH.
Modified Reconstruction Technique to Adapt Management of Severe Group IIB Tanzer Constricted Ear Deformity
Authors: Lashin Riham , Shafik Fady Rezk , Elshahat Ahmed , Mohamed Eman Nagy
Published: May 2023

Background:

Group IIB constricted ear is described as a deformity of helix, antihelix, and scapha (deficient upper third of ear). The length of the ear is markedly shortened, and the skin cover is insufficient to cover the cartilaginous framework after refashioning. The current study described certain modifications to the known autologous auricular reconstruction technique to adapt specific anatomical features of severe group IIB Tanzer constricted ear and reviewed the postoperative surgical outcomes and complications. It also evaluates the postoperative patient satisfaction.

Methods:

A prospective study includes 20 patients who underwent modified autologous reconstruction using costal cartilage for unilateral severe grade IIB constricted ears in the period between October 2018 and November 2021. Mean follow-up period was 6 months. Satisfaction was recorded using a questionnaire form 4 months after second-stage surgery.

Results:

Patients reported excellent (n = 14) and good (n = 7) results. According to a four-point Likert scale, the average aesthetic outcome score was 3.8. No complications were recorded, except in one patient who shows postoperative collection. The helix, concha, and lobule were the most satisfying parts to patients. The least pleasing subunit to patients was the antihelix. All patients were satisfied with the elevation of the auricle. They reported symmetry in size, shape, and position in 14 of 20 (70%) patients.

Conclusions:

Modified autogenous auricular reconstruction is useful in correcting severe group IIB Tanzer constricted ear deformities. Because it addresses all the anatomical features of this deformity, this technique is reproducible and reliable and has offered consistently effective results.
Network Psychometrics of the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale Among Patients With High Cardiovascular and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Using Exploratory Graph Analysis
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Wolever Ruth Q. , Min Se Hee , Vorderstrasse Allison A. , Yang Qing
Published: May 2023

Background

No studies have explored the internal structure of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in patients with high cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

Objective

We scrutinized the dimensionality of the scale in this patient group using exploratory graph analysis, a technique within the developing field of network psychometrics.

Methods

Analyses were conducted on 200 primary care patients. A bootstrap version of exploratory graph analysis assessed the stability of the dimensions based on structural consistency, item stability, and network loadings.

Results

Exploratory graph analysis revealed a 2-dimensional structure; structural consistency of the first dimension was high (0.863), whereas that for the second was low (0.667). Items belonging to the latter dimension did not cluster consistently with each other (ie, low item stability) and were not strongly associated with any particular dimension (ie, weak network loadings).

Conclusion

Exploratory graph analysis offers unique outputs, making it easy to assess the dimensional integrity of scales. Further research is warranted regarding the second dimension of the Perceived Stress Scale.
An Integrative Literature Review of Heart Rate Variability Measures to Determine Autonomic Nervous System Responsiveness Using Pharmacological Manipulation
Authors: Maki Katherine A. , Goodyke Madison P. , Rasmussen Kendra , Bronas Ulf G.
Published: May 2023

Background

Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the difference in the timing of intervals between successive heartbeats and is used as a surrogate measure to the responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system. A review and synthesis of HRV as an indicator of autonomic nervous system responsiveness to pharmacologic stimulation/blockade of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous system branches have not been completed.

Purpose

The aim of this integrative review is to synthesize research examining pharmacological modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the response of time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear measures of HRV.

Conclusions

Sympathetic nervous system blockade resulted in a consistent decrease in the standard deviation of normal-normal interval metric across studies. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system was associated with an increase in several time, frequency, and nonlinear HRV indices, whereas blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system led to a decrease in similar indices.

Clinical Implications

Recommendations to improve the reproducibility of future HRV research are provided for standardization of recording, analysis, and metric decisions and more thorough reporting of HRV indices in published studies. Alterations in autonomic nervous system input to the cardiovascular system are associated with an increased risk for adverse patient outcomes and increased mortality; therefore, understanding the influence of pharmacologic autonomic nervous system modulation on HRV indices and important considerations for reproducible HRV research design will inform future translational research on cardiovascular risk reduction.