bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain Transfer Analysis of Integrated Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors
Authors: Hempel Jochen , Anees Sohaib , Zukowski Elena , Berndt Michael , Wilde Jürgen , Reindl Leonhard M.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a strain transfer investigation for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) strain sensors. For evaluation, a SAW strain sensor is assembled with a pretested bond material for potentially high strain transfer on a test holder. The setup is stressed with an axially homogeneous strain up to 500 ppm. The strain transfer ratio is computed from the applied load, the reference measurements with foil strain gauge, and the measured SAW strain sensor signal. The strain transfer performance of the bond material is also investigated with respect to the temperature dependency in the range between 22 °C and 85 °C. At these elevated temperatures an average strain transfer ratio of 0.606 ± 0.7% was measured. Mechanical load cycling tests up to 1000 cycles are used for the evaluation of the elastic fatigue of the bond material. The effects of mechanical load cycling and aging of the bond layer are analyzed with the SAW strain sensor response. After 1000 mechanical load cycles, the transferred strain into the SAW strain sensor is 0.582 ± 0.153%. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the results of a 3D FEM simulation which are deviating by less than 10%.
The Consequences of Macroscopic Segregation on the Transformation Behavior of a Pressure-Vessel Steel
Authors: Pickering E. J. , Bhadeshia H. K. D. H.
Published: January 2014

It is important that the material used to produce high-integrity pressure vessels has homogeneous properties which are reproducible and within specification. Most heavy pressure vessels comprise large forgings derived from ingots, and are consequently affected by the chemical segregation that occurs during ingot casting. Of particular concern are the compositional variations that arise from macrosegregation, such as the channels of enriched material commonly referred to as A-segregates. By causing corresponding variations in microstructure, the segregation may be detrimental to mechanical properties. It also cannot be removed by any practically feasible heat treatments because of the large scale on which it forms. Here we describe an investigation on the consequences of macrosegregation on the development of microstructure in a pressure-vessel steel, SA508 Grade 3. It is demonstrated that the kinetics of transformation are sensitive to the segregation, resulting in a dramatic spatial variations in microstructure. It is likely therefore that some of the scatter in mechanical properties as observed for such pressure vessels can be attributed to macroscopic casting-induced chemical segregation.
A Cascade of Histone Modifications Induces Chromatin Condensation in Mitosis
Authors: Wilkins Bryan J. , Rall Nils A. , Ostwal Yogesh , Kruitwagen Tom , Hiragami-Hamada Kyoko , Winkler Marco , Barral Yves , Fischle Wolfgang , Neumann Heinz
Published: January 2014

Chromosome Condensation

The forces that shape the structure of the highly condensed metaphase chromosomes seen during cell division in eukaryotes are still largely unknown. In vitro evidence suggests that the amino-terminal tails of the histones—such as interaction of the histone H4 tail with H2A-H2B—play an important role in chromosome hypercondensation.

Wilkins
et al.

(p.
77
) used ultraviolet cross-linker amino acids in the histones of bakers' yeast to show that during early mitosis, phosphorylation of H3 threonine 3 by Haspin kinase recruits the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). The subsequent phosphorylation of H3 serine 10 by CPC allows the recruitment of the deacetylase Hst2p to nucleosomes. Hst2p drives the deacetylation of H4 lysine 16, facilitating the interaction between H4 and H2A-H2B in neighboring nucleosomes, promoting chromatin condensation.
A Neural Mechanism Underlying Mating Preferences for Familiar Individuals in Medaka Fish
Authors: Okuyama Teruhiro , Yokoi Saori , Abe Hideki , Isoe Yasuko , Suehiro Yuji , Imada Haruka , Tanaka Minoru , Kawasaki Takashi , Yuba Shunsuke , Taniguchi Yoshihito , Kamei Yasuhiro , Okubo Kataaki , Shimada Atsuko , Naruse Kiyoshi , Takeda Hiroyuki , Oka Yoshitaka , Kubo Takeo , Takeuchi Hideaki
Published: January 2014

Familiarity Does Not Breed Contempt

Female mating preference is influenced by social familiarity in various species from fish to primates.

Okuyama
et al.

(p.
91
) showed in Japanese rice fish that females prefer to mate with visually familiarized males over unfamiliar males and that this preference is mediated by specific neuromodulatory neurons in the female brain.
Direct Stereospecific Synthesis of Unprotected N-H and N-Me Aziridines from Olefins
Authors: Jat Jawahar L. , Paudyal Mahesh P. , Gao Hongyin , Xu Qing-Long , Yousufuddin Muhammed , Devarajan Deepa , Ess Daniel H. , Kürti László , Falck John R.
Published: January 2014

Unadorned Aziridines

Multiple catalytic methods have been developed to make aziridines—strained triangular carbon-nitrogen-carbon rings that function as versatile synthetic intermediates. However, the majority require protection of the nitrogen precursor with a sulfonyl group that is subsequently inconvenient to remove.

Jat
et al.

(p.
61
; see the Perspective by

Türkmen and Aggarwal

) used a hydroxylamine derivative as the nitrogen source together with an established rhodium catalyst to prepare a wide range of unprotected aziridines, with nitrogen bonded simply to hydrogen or a methyl group.
Genetic Engineering of Hematopoiesis for Targeted IFN-α Delivery Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Escobar Giulia , Moi Davide , Ranghetti Anna , Ozkal-Baydin Pinar , Squadrito Mario Leonardo , Kajaste-Rudnitski Anna , Bondanza Attilio , Gentner Bernhard , De Palma Michele , Mazzieri Roberta , Naldini Luigi
Published: January 2014

Inhibition of primary and metastatic breast cancer by targeted delivery of interferon-α by tumor-infiltrating monocytes.
Silencing
HoxA1
by Intraductal Injection of siRNA Lipidoid Nanoparticles Prevents Mammary Tumor Progression in Mice
Authors: Brock Amy , Krause Silva , Li Hu , Kowalski Marek , Goldberg Michael S. , Collins James J. , Ingber Donald E.
Published: January 2014

Silencing of
HoxA1
with nanoparticle siRNA prevented loss of hormone receptor expression, suppressed cell proliferation, and reduced mammary tumor incidence in mice.
The Circulating Proteinase Inhibitor α-1 Antitrypsin Regulates Neutrophil Degranulation and Autoimmunity
Authors: Bergin David A. , Reeves Emer P. , Hurley Killian , Wolfe Rebecca , Jameel Ramia , Fitzgerald Sean , McElvaney Noel G.
Published: January 2014

α-1 antitrypsin regulates neutrophil-driven autoimmunity.
Academia and Big Pharma United
Authors: Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf
Published: January 2014

Sweden’s premier medical university, the Karolinska Institutet, and the big pharma AstraZeneca have established an integrated cardio-metabolic research center with academic and pharma scientists working side by side.
Hydrogen Fuels Cells in the Gut
Authors: Polage Christopher R.
Published: January 2014

Salmonella
uses the hydrogen produced by resident gut microbes to get a boost in early infection.
Fragrance of Danger
Authors: Schaefer Anne
Published: January 2014

Fear learning changes the odor perception in olfactory neurons.
Fibroblasts in Colon Cancer: Turned Traitor by Chemotherapy
Authors: Zidar David A.
Published: January 2014

A pathway for protumor fibroblast behavior is promoted by chemotherapy.
Protein Domains of Unknown Function Are Essential in Bacteria
Authors: Goodacre Norman F. , Gerloff Dietlind L. , Uetz Peter
Published: January 2014

More than 20% of all protein domains are currently annotated as “domains of unknown function” (DUFs). About 2,700 DUFs are found in bacteria compared with just over 1,500 in eukaryotes. Over 800 DUFs are shared between bacteria and eukaryotes, and about 300 of these are also present in archaea. A total of 2,786 bacterial Pfam domains even occur in animals, including 320 DUFs. Evolutionary conservation suggests that many of these DUFs are important. Here we show that 355 essential proteins in 16 model bacterial species contain 238 DUFs, most of which represent single-domain proteins, clearly establishing the biological essentiality of DUFs. We suggest that experimental research should focus on conserved and essential DUFs (eDUFs) for functional analysis given their important function and wide taxonomic distribution, including bacterial pathogens.

IMPORTANCE
The functional units of proteins are domains. Typically, each domain has a distinct structure and function. Genomes encode thousands of domains, and many of the domains have no known function (domains of unknown function [DUFs]). They are often ignored as of little relevance, given that many of them are found in only a few genomes. Here we show that many DUFs are essential DUFs (eDUFs) based on their presence in essential proteins. We also show that eDUFs are often essential even if they are found in relatively few genomes. However, in general, more common DUFs are more often essential than rare DUFs.
Transposon and Deletion Mutagenesis of Genes Involved in Perchlorate Reduction in
Azospira suillum
PS
Authors: Melnyk Ryan A. , Clark Iain C. , Liao Annette , Coates John D.
Published: January 2014

Although much work on the biochemistry of the key enzymes of bacterial perchlorate reduction, chlorite dismutase, and perchlorate reductase has been published, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this metabolism has been somewhat hampered by the lack of a clear model system amenable to genetic manipulation. Using transposon mutagenesis and clean deletions, genes important for perchlorate reduction in
Azospira suillum
PS have been identified both inside and outside the previously described perchlorate reduction genomic island (PRI). Transposon mutagenesis identified 18 insertions in 11 genes that completely abrogate growth via reduction of perchlorate but have no phenotype during denitrification. Of the mutants deficient in perchlorate reduction, 14 had insertions that were mapped to eight different genes within the PRI, highlighting its importance in this metabolism. To further explore the role of these genes, we also developed systems for constructing unmarked deletions and for complementing these deletions. Using these tools, every core gene in the PRI was systematically deleted; 8 of the 17 genes conserved in the PRI are essential for perchlorate respiration, including 3 genes that comprise a unique histidine kinase system. Interestingly, the other 9 genes in the PRI are not essential for perchlorate reduction and may thus have unknown functions during this metabolism. We present a model detailing our current understanding of perchlorate reduction that incorporates new concepts about this metabolism.

IMPORTANCE
Although perchlorate is generated naturally in the environment, groundwater contamination is largely a result of industrial activity. Bacteria capable of respiring perchlorate and remediating contaminated water have been isolated, but relatively little is known about the biochemistry and genetics of this process. Here we used two complementary approaches to identify genes involved in perchlorate reduction. Most of these genes are located on a genomic island, which is potentially capable of moving between organisms. Some of the genes identified are known to be directly involved in the metabolism of perchlorate, but other new genes likely regulate the metabolism in response to environmental signals. This work has uncovered new questions about the regulation, energetics, and evolution of perchlorate reduction but also presents the tools to address them.
Highly Infectious Prions Generated by a Single Round of Microplate-Based Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification
Authors: Moudjou Mohammed , Sibille Pierre , Fichet Guillaume , Reine Fabienne , Chapuis Jérôme , Herzog Laetitia , Jaumain Emilie , Laferrière Florent , Richard Charles-Adrien , Laude Hubert , Andréoletti Olivier , Rezaei Human , Béringue Vincent
Published: January 2014

Measurements of the presence of prions in biological tissues or fluids rely more and more on cell-free assays. Although protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) has emerged as a valuable, sensitive tool, it is currently hampered by its lack of robustness and rapidity for high-throughput purposes. Here, we made a number of improvements making it possible to amplify the maximum levels of scrapie prions in a single 48-h round and in a microplate format. The amplification rates and the infectious titer of the PMCA-formed prions appeared similar to those derived from the
in vivo
laboratory bioassays. This enhanced technique also amplified efficiently prions from different species, including those responsible for human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This new format should help in developing ultrasensitive, high-throughput prion assays for cognitive, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

IMPORTANCE
The method developed here allows large-scale, fast, and reliable cell-free amplification of subinfectious levels of prions from different species. The sensitivity and rapidity achieved approach or equal those of other recently developed prion-seeded conversion assays. Our simplified assay may be amenable to high-throughput, automated purposes and serve in a complementary manner with other recently developed assays for urgently needed antemortem diagnostic tests, by using bodily fluids containing small amounts of prion infectivity. Such a combination of assays is of paramount importance to reduce the transfusion risk in the human population and to identify asymptomatic carriers of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Quorum Sensing-Mediated, Cell Density-Dependent Regulation of Growth and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Albuquerque Patrícia , Nicola André M. , Nieves Edward , Paes Hugo Costa , Williamson Peter R. , Silva-Pereira Ildinete , Casadevall Arturo
Published: January 2014

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent mechanism of communication between microorganisms, characterized by the release of signaling molecules that affect microbial metabolism and gene expression in a synchronized way. In this study, we investigated cell density-dependent behaviors mediated by conditioned medium (CM) in the pathogenic encapsulated fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans
. CM produced dose-dependent increases in the growth of planktonic and biofilm cells, glucuronoxylomannan release, and melanin synthesis, important virulence attributes of this organism. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of pantothenic acid (PA) in our samples, and commercial PA was able to increase growth and melanization, although not to the same extent as CM. Additionally, we found four mutants that were either unable to produce active CM or failed to respond with increased growth in the presence of wild-type CM, providing genetic evidence for the existence of intercellular communication in
C. neoformans
.
C. neoformans
CM also increased the growth of
Cryptococcus albidus
,
Candida albicans
, and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Conversely, CM from
Cryptococcus albidus
,
C. albicans
,
S.
cerevisiae, and
Sporothrix schenckii
increased
C. neoformans
growth. In summary, we report the existence of a new QS system regulating the growth and virulence factor expression of
C. neoformans in vitro
and, possibly, also able to regulate growth in other fungi.

IMPORTANCE
Quorum sensing is a strategy of communication used by pathogenic microorganisms to coordinate the expression of attributes necessary to cause disease. In this work, we describe a quorum sensing system in
Cryptococcus neoformans
, a yeast that can cause severe central nervous system infections. Adding conditioned medium—culture medium in which
C. neoformans
has previously grown—to fresh cultures resulted in faster growth of
C. neoformans
both as isolated cells and in microbial communities called biofilms. The addition of conditioned medium also increased the secretion of capsule carbohydrates and the formation of melanin pigment, two tools used by this microorganism to thrive in the host. This remarkable example of microbial communication shows that
C. neoformans
cells can act in unison when expressing attributes necessary to survive in the host, a finding that could point the way to improvements in the treatment of cryptococcosis.
Redaction of Sensitive Data in the Publication of Dual Use Research of Concern
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Enquist Lynn , Imperiale Michael J. , Keim Paul , Osterholm Michael T. , Relman David A.
Published: January 2014

The publication of scientific information that derives from dual use research of concern (DURC) poses major problems for journals because it brings into conflict the benefits of free access to data and the need to prevent misuse of that information by others. Recently, a group of authors and a major scientific journal addressed the issue of publishing information on a newly discovered, highly lethal toxin that can be delivered to large populations and for which there are no available countermeasures. The journal addressed this conflict by permitting the redaction of information that is normally considered essential for publication. This action establishes a precedent for redaction of sensitive data that also provides an example of responsible scientific publishing. However, this precedent leaves many questions unanswered and suggests a need for a discussion by all stakeholders of scientific information so as to derive normative standards for the publication of DURC.
Detection ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaein an STI population: performances of the Presto CT-NG assay, the Lightmix Kit 480 HT CT/NG and the COBAS Amplicor with urine specimens and urethral/cervicovaginal samples
Authors: Schuurs T A , Verweij S P , Weel J F L , Ouburg S , Morré S A
Published: January 2014

Objectives

This study assessed the performances of the Presto CT-NG assay, the Lightmix Kit 480 HT CT/NG and the COBAS Amplicor forChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaedetection.

Design

A cross-sectional study design.

Setting

Izore, Centre for Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Friesland, the Netherlands, tested samples sent from regional sexually transmitted infection (STI) outpatient clinics and regional hospitals from the province Friesland, the Netherlands.

Participants

Samples were collected from 292 men and 835 women. These samples included 560 urine samples and 567 urethral/cervicovaginal samples.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measure isC trachomatisinfection. No secondary outcome measures are available.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicative value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) forC trachomatisdetection in urine samples using the Presto CT-NG assay were 100%, 99.8%, 98.1% and 100%, respectively; for the Lightmix Kit 480 HT CT/NG: 94.2%, 99.8%, 96.1% and 99.4%, respectively; for the COBAS Amplicor: 92.3%, 99.6%, 96% and 99.2%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV forC trachomatisdetection in urethral/cervicovaginal swabs using the Presto CT-NG assay and the COBAS Amplicor were 100%, 99.8%, 97.7% and 100%, respectively; for the Lightmix Kit 480 HT CT/NG: 100%, 99.6%, 97.7% and 100%, respectively. Calculations forN gonorrhoeaecould not be made due to a low prevalence.

Conclusions

All three assays had a high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV forC trachomatis, with best performance for the Presto CT-NG assay.
Consultations for sexually transmitted infections in the general practice in the Netherlands: an opportunity to improve STI/HIV testing
Authors: Trienekens Suzan C M , van den Broek Ingrid V F , Donker Gé A , van Bergen Jan E A M , van der Sande Marianne A B
Published: January 2014

Objectives

In the Netherlands, sexually transmitted infection (STI) care is provided by general practitioners (GPs) as well as by specialised STI centres. Consultations at the STI centres are monitored extensively, but data from the general practice are limited. This study aimed to examine STI consultations in the general practice.

Design

Prospective observational patient survey.

Setting

General practices within the nationally representative Dutch Sentinel GP network (n=125 000 patient population), 2008–2011.

Outcome measures

GPs were asked to fill out a questionnaire at each STI consultation addressing demographics, sexual behaviour and laboratory test results. Patient population, testing practices and test positivity are reported.

Participants

Patients attending a consultation concerning an STI/HIV-related issue.

Results

Overall, 1 in 250 patients/year consulted their GP for STI/HIV-related problems. Consultations were concentrated among young heterosexuals of Dutch origin. Laboratory testing was requested for 83.3% of consultations. Overall consult positivity was 33.4%, highest for chlamydia (14.7%), condylomata (8.7%) and herpes (6.4%). 32 of 706 positive patients (4.5%) were diagnosed with multiple infections. Main high-risk groups were patients who were <25 years old (for chlamydia), >25 years old (syphilis), men who have sex with men (MSM; for gonorrhoea/syphilis/HIV) or having symptoms (for any STI). Adherence to guideline-recommendations to test for multiple STI among high-risk groups varied from 15% to 75%.

Conclusions

This study found that characteristics of patients who consulted a GP for STIs were comparable to those of patients attending STI centres regarding age and ethnicity; however, consultations of high-risk groups like MSM and (clients of) commercial sex workers were reported less by the general practice. Where the STI centres routinely test all patients for chlamydia/syphilis/HIV/gonorrhoea, GPs tested more selectively, even more restricted than advised by GP guidelines. Test positivity was, therefore, higher in general practice, although it is unknown how many STIs are missed (particularly among high-risk groups). Opportunities for a more proactive role in STI/HIV testing at general practices in line with current guidelines should be explored.
Subjective symptoms related to GSM radiation from mobile phone base stations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gómez-Perretta Claudio , Navarro Enrique A , Segura Jaume , Portolés Manuel
Published: January 2014

Objectives

We performed a re-analysis of the data from Navarroet al(2003) in which health symptoms related to microwave exposure from mobile phone base stations (BSs) were explored, including data obtained in a retrospective inquiry about fear of exposure from BSs.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

La Ñora (Murcia), Spain.

Participants

Participants with known illness in 2003 were subsequently disregarded: 88 participants instead of 101 (in 2003) were analysed. Since weather circumstances can influence exposure, we restricted data to measurements made under similar weather conditions.

Outcomes and methods

A statistical method indifferent to the assumption of normality was employed: namely, binary logistic regression for modelling a binary response (eg, suffering fatigue (1) or not (0)), and so exposure was introduced as a predictor variable. This analysis was carried out on a regular basis and bootstrapping (95% percentile method) was used to provide more accurate CIs.

Results

The symptoms most related to exposure were lack of appetite (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.03); lack of concentration (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.89); irritability (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.85); and trouble sleeping (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.84). Changes in –2 log likelihood showed similar results. Concerns about the BSs were strongly related with trouble sleeping (OR =3.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.86). The exposure variable remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. The bootstrapped values were similar to asymptotic CIs.

Conclusions

This study confirms our preliminary results. We observed that the incidence of most of the symptoms was related to exposure levels—independently of the demographic variables and some possible risk factors. Concerns about adverse effects from exposure, despite being strongly related with sleep disturbances, do not influence the direct association between exposure and sleep.
Factors associated with being overweight among Inner Mongolia medical students in China
Authors: Chen Jie , Yi He , Liu Zhiyue , Fan Yancun , Bian Jiang , Guo Wenfang , Chang Wulantuya , Sun Juan
Published: January 2014

Objectives

A major goal of our study was to identify the associations between lifestyle factors and obesity in adolescents and young adults at risk by surveying students in Inner Mongolia Medical University. A second goal was to determine these factors differed by gender.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Students grade 1–3 in Inner Mongolia Medical University.

Participants

5471 grade 1–3 medical students, composed of 3891 female and 1580 male students. Students with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were defined as overweight.

Results

BMI for male students was 22.1±2.9 and 21.2±2.2 for female students. The prevalence of overweight was 7.6%, with the prevalence being higher for male students compared with females, urban higher than rural and being an only child higher than having sibling children. For male students, urban residence was a risk factor, while for female students being an only child and staying up at night were risk factors, with physical activity a protective factor. A dose-dependency relationship was found between physical fitness and overweight prevalence.

Conclusions

This study shows that being an only child and resident in an urban area are risk factors; staying up late and lack of physical activities increased the risk of being overweight. BMI was associated with declines in physical fitness. Our study provides more insight into adolescent obesity problems.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal formula (RCM-106) for atopic dermatitis: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children
Authors: Tan Hsiewe Ying , Zhang Anthony L , Xue Charlie C , Chen Dacan , Da Costa Cliff , Lenon George B
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin rash that greatly affects quality of life. The current therapies are inadequate in managing atopic dermatitis and often have associated adverse effects or drug tolerance development. Chinese medicine is expected to have promising prospects in the management of atopic dermatitis and recent studies have shown encouraging results. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly formulated Chinese herbal formula, RMIT Chinese Medicine-106 (RCM-106), in the management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in children aged 6–18 years.

Methods

The study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-armed clinical trial. Participant, investigator and assessors will remain blinded to the treatment assignment until after the study has been completed. After a 2-week run-in period, 90 participants will be randomised, using block randomised sequences generated by computer, to receive either RCM-106 or matching placebo capsules, twice daily, for a treatment period of 8 weeks and followed up for 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures include the evaluation of disease severity and extent using two validated scoring instruments—Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Patient-Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD). Secondary outcome measures include the evaluation of quality of life using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI); occurrence of adverse events and total usage of other therapies as recorded in the participants’ daily diary and laboratory studies which include eosinophil count, total IgE, full blood count and liver and kidney function tests. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied to all data analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has received human ethics approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of RMIT University (Project number 15/12). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at the national and international conferences.

Trial registration

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12612001181897. TGA CTN Scheme: Trial number 2012/0713; Protocol number 15/12.
Can education alter attitudes, behaviour and knowledge about organ donation? A pretest–post-test study
Authors: McGlade Donal , Pierscionek Barbara
Published: January 2014

Objective

The emergence of evidence suggests that student nurses commonly exhibit concerns about their lack of knowledge of organ donation and transplantation. Formal training about organ donation has been shown to positively influence attitude, encourage communication and registration behaviours and improve knowledge about donor eligibility and brain death. The focus of this study was to determine the attitude and behaviour of student nurses and to assess their level of knowledge about organ donation after a programme of study.

Design

A quantitative questionnaire was completed before and after participation in a programme of study using a pretest–post-test design.

Setting

Participants were recruited from a University based in Northern Ireland during the period from February to April 2011.

Participants

100 preregistration nurses (female : male=96 : 4) aged 18–50 years (mean (SD) 24.3 (6.0) years) were recruited.

Results

Participants’ knowledge improved over the programme of study with regard to the suitability of organs that can be donated after death, methods available to register organ donation intentions, organ donation laws, concept of brain death and the likelihood of recovery after brain death. Changes in attitude postintervention were also observed in relation to participants’ willingness to accept an informed system of consent and with regard to participants’ actual discussion behaviour.

Conclusions

The results provide support for the introduction of a programme that helps inform student nurses about important aspects of organ donation.
Long-term evolution of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a registry-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goderis Geert , Van Pottelbergh Gijs , Truyers Carla , Van Casteren Viviane , De Clercq Etienne , Van Den Broeke Carine , Buntinx Frank
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To picture the 10-year evolution of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to describe the risk factors for severe decline.

Setting

Primary registration network with 97 general practitioners working in 55 practices sending routinely collected patient data.

Participants

From the database, we selected all patients aged 40 years or older with T2DM and at least two creatinine measurements in two different years with an interval of at least 3 months. Based on the last available value of estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation, patients were divided into grades of CKD. Severe decline (decline of >4 mL/min/year) and ‘certain drop’ (CD, year-to-year decline >10 mL/min) were determined in patients with CKD. Determinants of severe decline and CD were investigated with logistic regression and longitudinal logistic regression analysis, respectively.

Primary outcome measure

Kidney function (MDRD).

Results

4041 patients, 1980 women, were included. The mean age was 71 years, mean diabetes duration was 7.7 years; 1514 (38%) suffered from CKD, 231 (15%) presented with severe decline and 18% of the patients with CKD presented with two or more CDs. Younger age, male gender, mean glycated haemoglobin and a higher number of CDs were significantly associated with the presence of severe decline (p<0.05); statins and higher diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with the absence of severe decline (p<0.001). ACE inhibitors, other antihypertensive drugs and antidiabetic drugs including insulin therapy were specific determinants of CD.

Conclusions

CKD is highly prevalent in patients with T2DM; a minority of patients evolve into severe decline that is associated with younger age, male gender, ‘CD’ and manageable factors such as blood pressure, blood glucose, associated drugs prescriptions and statin therapy. Further prospective observational and experimental research is needed to clarify the nature of those associations.
Prevalence of ocular fundus pathology with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese urban community as assessed by telescreening
Authors: Liu Lei , Geng Jin , Wu Jingyang , Yuan Zhe , Lian Jie , Desheng Huang , Chen Lei
Published: January 2014

Objective

To describe the telescreening model and assess the prevalence of ocular fundus pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes within a Chinese urban community.

Design

Community-based cross-sectional study.

Setting

Healthcare centre of Fengyutan Community, Shenyang, China.

Participants

A total 528 patients (287 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were randomly recruited using health files from the healthcare centre of Fengyutan community between 8 October and 20 November 2012.

Main outcome measures

Signs of any diabetic retinopathy (DR), signs of glaucoma and signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Results

The main ocular fundus pathologies were DR (75 patients, 14.20%), 65 (86.67%) cases of which were newly detected, AMD (57 patients, 10.79%) and glaucoma (63 patients, 11.93%). The risk factors for fundus pathology were long duration of diabetes (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.87 to 2.56), and higher fasting plasma glucose (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.81 to 5.21) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.35).

Conclusions

There was a high prevalence of fundus pathology among patients with type 2 diabetes, and in most of the cases, this was newly detected. Community screening for fundus pathology among patients with a long duration of type 2 diabetes and high fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels using a telescreening model will provide an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of fundus pathology.
The role of Nx–Si–Oy bonding configuration in acquiring strong blue to red photoluminescence from amorphous SiNxOy film
Authors: Dong Hengping , Chen Kunji , Zhang Pengzhan , Li Wei , Xu Jun , Ma Zhongyuan , Sun Zhengfeng , Liu Zengyuan
Published: January 2014

We report the acquisition of strong blue to red photoluminescence (PL) from a-SiNxOy thin film that was prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at room temperature. By increasing the flow rate ratio (R) of silane (SiH4) to ammonia (NH3), the luminescent peak position can be tunable in the visible range from 440 to 590 nm, and shown to be independent of temperature as revealed by temperature-dependent PL investigation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were employed to clarify the relationship between the bonding configuration and PL characteristics. Based on the existence of N–Si–O bond arrangement evidenced in FTIR spectra, the deconvolution of the Si 2p peak was carried out to yield five component peaks corresponding to Si–N4, N3–Si–O, N2–Si–O2, N–Si–O3, and Si–O4. The increase of PL intensity is suggested to be closely related to increased concentration of Nx–Si–Oy bonds. All the results obtained from temperature-dependent PL spectra, FTIR spectra, and XPS spectra disclosed that the light emission from a-SiNxOy film can be originated from recombination via luminescent centers associated with Nx–Si–Oy bonding configuration, and the redshift of PL peak with the increase of R may arise from integral effect of Nx–Si–Oy bonding configuration transformation and valence band maximum upward shift.
Performance Analysis of Repairable Industrial Systems Using Artificial Bee Colony and Fuzzy Methodology
Authors: Garg Harish , Rani Monica , Sharma S. P.
Published: January 2014

For an industrial system reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis play an important role in any design modification for achieving its optimum performance. However, it is difficult to predict these parameters by using available and imprecise data up to a desired degree of accuracy. For this, a novel technique named as an artificial bee colony based Lambda-Tau has been presented for computing these parameters by utilizing available or collected data up to a desired degree of accuracy. In this technique expression of RAM parameters are calculated by Lambda-Tau methodology and their corresponding membership functions are computed by formulating a nonlinear programming problem. A generalized RAM-Index has been used for ranking the components of the system based on its performance for improving the system productivity. The presented approach has been investigated through a case study of washing unit of paper industry and computed results are compared with existing Lambda-Tau and evolutionary algorithm techniques.
Extensions of associative algebras
Authors: Fialowski Alice , Penkava Michael
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we translate the problem of extending an associative algebra by another associative algebra into the language of codifferentials. The authors have been constructing moduli spaces of algebras and studying their structure by constructing their versal deformations. The codifferential language is very useful for this purpose. The goal of this paper is to express the classical results about extensions in a form which leads to a simpler construction of moduli spaces of low-dimensional algebras.
Information visualization to support management decisions
Authors: Al-Kassab Jasser , Ouertani Zied M. , Schiuma Giovanni , Neely Andy
Published: January 2014

Information visualization can accelerate perception, provide insight and control, and harness this flood of valuable data to gain a competitive advantage in making business decisions. Although such a statement seems to be obvious, there is a lack in the literature of practical evidence of the benefit of information visualization. The main contribution of this paper is to illustrate how, for a major European apparel retailer, the visualization of performance information plays a critical role in improving business decisions and in extracting insights from Redio Frequency Idetification (RFID)-based performance measures. In this paper, we identify — based on a literature review — three fundamental managerial functions of information visualization, namely as: a communication medium, a knowledge management means, and a decision-support instrument. Then, we provide — based on real industrial case evidence — how information visualization supports business decision-making. Several examples are provided to evidence the benefit of information visualization through its three identified managerial functions. We find that — depending on the way performance information is shaped, communicated, and made interactive — it not only helps decision making, but also offers a means of knowledge creation, as well as an appropriate communication channel.
ON THE MECHANICS OF ELLIPSOIDAL FULLERENES INSIDE OPEN CARBON NANOCONES: A NOVEL NUMERICAL APPROACH
Authors: ANSARI R. , SADEGHI F. , SHOJAEI M. FAGHIH
Published: January 2014

In this research, mechanics of concentric ellipsoidal fullerenes inside open carbon nanocones (CNCs) is investigated. To this end, using continuum approximation in conjunction with Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential function, quadruple-integral expressions associated with van der Waals (vdW) potential energy and interaction force are first derived. For determination of these expressions, it is assumed that the fullerene molecule enters the open CNC through the small end or wide end. Thereafter, an efficient approach based on the differential quadrature (DQ) method is proposed to numerically evaluate the obtained quadruple integrals. The proposed method takes advantage of computing multidimensional integrals efficiently with using appropriate number of grid points. By introducing DQ-based operational matrices of differentiation and integration, the quadruple-integral expressions are estimated over their domains. Moreover, new semianalytical expressions are introduced in terms of triple integrals to evaluate vdW interactions. The validity and accuracy of the introduced numerical method are proved by comparing the results obtained through this method with ones achieved via the semianalytical expressions. The ease of implementation and quick answer of the demonstrated numerical solution enable us to comprehensively examine the effects of different geometrical parameters such as small end radius wide end radius and vertex angle of nanocone on the distributions of vdW potential energy and interaction force. The results reveal that the ellipsoidal fullerene undergoes an asymmetrical motion along the axis of open CNC.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL TRANSPORT PHENOMENON OF NANOFLUIDS AS WORKING FLUID IN HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: TORII SHUICHI
Published: January 2014

This paper aims to study the convective heat transfer behavior of aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles flowing through a horizontal tube heated under constant heat flux condition. Consideration is given to the effects of particle concentration and Reynolds number on heat transfer enhancement and the possibility of nanofluids as the working fluid in various heat exchangers. It is found that (i) significant enhancement of heat transfer performance due to suspension of nanoparticles in the circular tube flow is observed in comparison with pure water as the working fluid, (ii) enhancement is intensified with an increase in the Reynolds number and the nanoparticles concentration, and (iii) substantial amplification of heat transfer performance is not attributed purely to the enhancement of thermal conductivity due to suspension of nanoparticles.
TMD THEORY, FACTORIZATION AND EVOLUTION
Authors: COLLINS JOHN
Published: January 2014

The concepts and methods of factorization using transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton densities and/or fragmentation functions are summarized.
UNIVERSALITY OF QUARK AND GLUON TMD CORRELATORS
Authors: BUFFING M. G. A. , MULDERS P. J. , MUKHERJEE A.
Published: January 2014

Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), in short referred to as TMDs, also take into account the transverse momentum (pT) of the partons. Just as the pT-integrated analogues we want to link them to quark and gluon matrix elements using Operator Product Expansion methods in QCD, involving operators of definite twist. The TMDs also involve operators of higher twist, which are not suppressed by powers of the hard scale, however. Using the expression for TMDs involving nonlocal matrix elements of quark and gluon fields there is a gauge link dependence, which also introduces an inherent process dependence. Using transverse moments, which are specific pT-weightings, we can establish the link with quark and gluon fields including the higher twist ones. We introduce (a finite number of) universal TMDs of definite rank and show how the process dependent TMDs can be written as combinations of these universal functions.
ASPECTS OF TMD EVOLUTION OF AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES
Authors: BOER DANIËL
Published: January 2014

In this contribution TMD evolution of azimuthal asymmetries, in particular of the Sivers and double Collins asymmetries, is addressed. A comparison of the scale dependence is made between asymmetries described with TMD factorization at low transverse momentum and those described with collinear factorization at high transverse momentum. Finally, the advantages of Bessel weighting are discussed: convergence of transverse momentum integrals, suppression of large transverse momentum contributions, and well-defined lattice QCD evaluations of Bessel-weighted TMDs including proper gauge links.
ON RAPIDITY DIVERGENCES IN THE SOFT AND COLLINEAR LIMITS OF QCD
Authors: ECHEVARRIA MIGUEL G. , IDILBI AHMAD , SCIMEMI IGNAZIO
Published: January 2014

We consider the definition of a transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF) and its evolution properties given a factorization theorem of Drell-Yan lepton pair production with a non-vanishing transverse momentum. We discuss rapidity divergences that exist in both limits of QCD: the soft and collinear. We argue that only when a specific combination of the soft and collinear matrix elements is formed, rapidity divergences cancel. We also argue that the soft matrix element, calculated in perturbation theory, contains only rapidity divergences and there is no genuine long-distance infra-red divergences.
QCD EVOLUTION FOR TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENT OBSERVABLES
Authors: SUN PENG , YUAN FENG
Published: January 2014

In this talk, we presented our recent studies of the QCD evolution effects on the transverse momentum dependent observables in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan lepton pair productions. The evolution is first tested for the spin average cross sections, and then applied to the Sivers single transverse spin asymmetries. The latter are among the important topics in hadronic physics research in recent years.
SEA QUARK TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS AND DYNAMICAL CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING
Authors: SCHWEITZER P. , STRIKMAN M. , WEISS C.
Published: January 2014

Recent theoretical studies have provided new insight into the intrinsic transverse momentum distributions of valence and sea quarks in the nucleon at a low scale. The valence quark transverse momentum distributions ([Formula: see text]) are governed by the nucleon's inverse hadronic size R-1 ~ 0.2 GeV and drop steeply at large pT. The sea quark distributions ([Formula: see text]) are in large part generated by non–perturbative chiral–symmetry breaking interactions and extend up to the scale ρ-1 ~ 0.6 GeV. These findings have many implications for modeling the initial conditions of perturbative QCD evolution of TMD distributions (starting scale, shape of pT distributions, coordinate–space correlation functions). The qualitative difference between valence and sea quark intrinsic pT distributions could be observed experimentally, by comparing the transverse momentum distributions of selected hadrons in semi–inclusive deep–inelastic scattering, or those of dileptons produced in pp and [Formula: see text] scattering.
ESTIMATING THE SIGN AND SIZE OF THE TRANSVERSE SINGLE TARGET-SPIN ASYMMETRY IN INCLUSIVE DIS
Authors: SCHLEGEL MARC
Published: January 2014

The single-spin asymmetry of unpolarized leptons scattering deep-inelastically off transversely polarized nucleons is discussed. This observable is generated by a two-photon exchange between lepton and nucleon. In a partonic description of the asymmetry the non-perturbative part is given in terms of multiparton correlations: quark-gluon correlation functions and quark-photon correlation functions. Using input from models and data fits for these twist-3 correlation functions, estimates for the single-spin asymmetries for a proton and a neutron are presented.
THE HEART OF FACTORIZATION
Authors: SCHWARTZ MATTHEW D.
Published: January 2014

Factorization is at the heart of nearly any calculation in pertubative QCD. It follows from the universal behavior of gauge theories in soft and collinear limits. This talk gives a summary of recent progress on producing a more transparent understanding of factorization and connecting traditional approaches to those of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. The main result is the formulation and proof, at tree-level, of a factorization formula in QCD. The proof exploits the many advantages of spinor helicity methods, but does not use any effective field theory tricks. Once the factorization formula is proven, the transition to an effective theory description is effortless.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENT PARTON DENSITIES
Authors: BOGLIONE MARIAELENA
Published: January 2014

This talk provides a short overview of the phenomenology of transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions, focussing on the most recent phenomenological developments in the study of their Q2 evolution and energy dependence.