bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Applications of Nanoparticles: State of the Art and Future
Perspective
Authors: Shukla Smriti , Sharma Mitali , Yadav Sapna , Raghupathy Avinash , Shukla Kartikeya , Varma Ajit , Mishra Arti
Published: February 2021

:

Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how
they can be used in various fields to increase the yield and hence be beneficial for biotic components
of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil
and water quality along with the crops, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives
are thus required to achieve higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance
human health. A variety of nanoparticles exist in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally
or engineered purposefully. These nanoparticles can play many beneficial roles in crop
plants, increasing the yield of crops and the quality of the grains. They can be applied at various
stages and for different doses. The effect that they exhibit would be dependent on many factors.
Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial
to one species of crop plant and may be disadvantageous to the other ones. Therefore, an
elaborative study is required for all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and
disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they
have been applied. This review explains that the different types of nanoparticles are categorized
based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research
knowledge works are yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the
way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.
Hemşire Liderliğinde Okul Temelli Sağlıklı Beslenme Temalı Motor Oyun Aktiviteleri
Authors: CERİM Selda , ÖZTÜRK HANEY Meryem
Published: February 2021

Çocukluk obezitesi, ilerleyen dönemlerde baş edilmesi zor ciddi problemlere yol açan küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu soruna yönelik önleyici müdahalelerin uygulanmasında okullar, önemli roller üstlenen uygun ortamlardır. Rollerin yerine getirilmesinde ise okul hemşireleri oldukça kritik bir konumdadır. Hemşire liderliğinde yürütülen müdahale programlarıyla obezitenin azaltılmasına yönelik yaklaşımlar ortaya koyulmaktadır. Programlarda yer alan sağlık etkinlikleri, çocuklara farklı öğretim yöntemleri ile sunulmaktadır. Ancak hareket kaslarını çalıştıran ve çocukluk çağının vazgeçilmezi olan motor oyun aktivitelerine oldukça az rastlanmaktadır. Motor oyun aktiviteleri, sağlıklı beslenme konusundaki bilgileri artırmak ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışını geliştirmek için eğlenceli bir öğrenme yöntemidir. Çocukların bu dönemde iyi planlanmış motor oyun aktivitelerine gereksinimi vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşire liderliğinde oluşturulan ve yürütülen okul temelli sağlıklı beslenme temalı motor oyun aktivitelerini tanıtmaktır. Fiziksel aktivitenin sağlıklı beslenmeye daima eşlik etmesi gerektiğine dayanarak oluşturulan oyunların, hazırlanma ve uygulanma basamakları çalışmada ayrıntılı olarak anlatılmaktadır. Bu motor oyun aktivitelerinin okul hemşireliği uygulamalarında kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Cardiomyopathy in Pregnancy: A Review Literature
Authors: Asri Devi Adityawati Ayu , Fuji Rahimah Anna , Martini Heny , Tri Tjahjono Cholid
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is an experience that many women can achieve. Pregnancy is generally well tolerated in asymptomatic patients with cardiomyopathies but in restrictive form cardiomyopathy, pregnancy cannot be tolerated because of poor prognosis. Prior cardiac events, poor functional class (New York Heart Association class III or IV), or advanced left ventricular systolic dysfunction are present, the risk of maternal cardiac complications during pregnancy are markedly increased. Worsening of the clinical condition can occur during pregnancy, despite intensive medical treatment. Although the incident of cardiovascular disease is present 0.5-4% in developed countries, our knowledge about various of cardiomyopathy and pregnancy should be updateable. CONCLUSION: Our literature provide three types of cardiomyopathy in pregnancy with an example condition for each type that relevant during pregnancy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy occured in pregnancy therefore a thorough review is needed to give best outcome for pregnancy. Arryhtmia is the commonnest form in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which need to be regularly monitored and measure should be taken if the arryhtmia is life threatening for mother and the child. Cardiac amyloidosis is the common form of restrictive cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.
Educating Adolescent Newcomers in the Superdiverse Midwest
Authors: Seilstad Brian David
Published: February 2021

This book juxtaposes superdiversity with English-centricity in the US, set against long-standing challenges with migration and language policy recently underlined by Donald Trump’s election. It explores the history, policies, and practices of a Central Ohio adolescent newcomer program seeking to provide an equitable education to its students.
Effect of transglutaminase on quality properties of fresh cheese
Authors:   Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, et al. Pham
Published: February 2021

Graph Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) is an enzyme widely used in the food industry. In this study, MTGase had been applied to produce fresh cheese made from whole milk powder. To evaluate the impact of factors in reconstituted milk under the treatment of MTGase, a set of 18 experiments was conducted. Besides, a response surface methodology (a central composite design) was applied to evaluate the quality properties of fresh cheese according to the objective functions of hardness, yield, protein content, total solid content, and sensory evaluation score. In detail, enzyme concentration (0.6-3.0U/g protein), reaction temperature (30-60°C), and reaction time (1.5-6.0h) were three factors used in this model. The results showed that all these functions reached the optimal values at treated temperature, reaction time, and enzyme concentration of 36.14°C, 4.53h, and 2.59U/g protein, respectively. Furthermore, scanning electronic micrographs also showed that the network structure of the experimental products became more uniform under enzymatic treatment. The quality properties of fresh cheese (sensory evaluation score, syneresis, acidity, and the total number of lactic acid bacteria) met the CODEX STAN 243-2003 revised 2010 for the fermented milk products. Generally, following 28 days of storage, the quality properties of fresh cheese samples are stable.
The Association Between Logging Steps Using a Website, App, or Fitbit and Engaging With the 10,000 Steps Physical Activity Program: Observational Study
Authors: Rayward Anna T , Vandelanotte Corneel , Van Itallie Anetta , Duncan Mitch J
Published: February 2021

Background

Engagement is positively associated with the effectiveness of digital health interventions. It is unclear whether tracking devices that automatically synchronize data (eg, Fitbit) produce different engagement levels compared with manually entering data.

Objective

This study examines how different step logging methods in the freely available 10,000 Steps physical activity program differ according to age and gender and are associated with program engagement.

Methods

A subsample of users (n=22,142) of the free 10,000 Steps physical activity program were classified into one of the following user groups based on the step-logging method: Website Only (14,617/22,142, 66.01%), App Only (2100/22,142, 9.48%), Fitbit Only (1705/22,142, 7.7%), Web and App (2057/22,142, 9.29%), and Fitbit Combination (combination of web, app, and Fitbit; 1663/22,142, 7.51%). Generalized linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to examine differences between user groups’ engagement and participation parameters. The time to nonusage attrition was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

App Only users were significantly younger and Fitbit user groups had higher proportions of women compared with other groups. The following outcomes were significant and relative to the Website Only group. The App Only group had fewer website sessions (odds ratio [OR] −6.9, 95% CI −7.6 to −6.2), whereas the Fitbit Only (OR 10.6, 95% CI 8.8-12.3), Web and App (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.4-2.6), and Fitbit Combination (OR 8.0; 95% CI 6.2-9.7) groups had more sessions. The App Only (OR −0.7, 95% CI −0.9 to −0.4) and Fitbit Only (OR −0.5, 95% CI −0.7 to −0.2) groups spent fewer minutes on the website per session, whereas the Fitbit Combination group (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0-0.5) spent more minutes. All groups, except the Fitbit Combination group, viewed fewer website pages per session. The mean daily step count was lower for the App Only (OR −201.9, 95% CI −387.7 to −116.0) and Fitbit Only (OR −492.9, 95% CI −679.9 to −305.8) groups but higher for the Web and App group (OR 258.0, 95% CI 76.9-439.2). The Fitbit Only (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.4-6.6), Web and App (OR 7.2, 95% CI 5.9-8.6), and Fitbit Combination (OR 15.6, 95% CI 13.7-17.5) groups logged a greater number of step entries. The App Only group was less likely (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.94) and other groups were more likely to participate in Challenges. The mean time to nonusage attrition was 35 (SD 26) days and was lower than average in the Website Only and App Only groups and higher than average in the Web and App and Fitbit Combination groups.

Conclusions

Using a Fitbit in combination with the 10,000 Steps app or website enhanced engagement with a real-world physical activity program. Integrating tracking devices that synchronize data automatically into real-world physical activity interventions is one strategy for improving engagement.
Health, Psychosocial, and Social Issues Emanating From the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Social Media Comments: Text Mining and Thematic Analysis Approach
Authors: Oyebode Oladapo , Ndulue Chinenye , Adib Ashfaq , Mulchandani Dinesh , Suruliraj Banuchitra , Orji Fidelia Anulika , Chambers Christine T , Meier Sandra , Orji Rita
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis that affects many aspects of human lives. In the absence of vaccines and antivirals, several behavioral change and policy initiatives such as physical distancing have been implemented to control the spread of COVID-19. Social media data can reveal public perceptions toward how governments and health agencies worldwide are handling the pandemic, and the impact of the disease on people regardless of their geographic locations in line with various factors that hinder or facilitate the efforts to control the spread of the pandemic globally.

Objective

This paper aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people worldwide using social media data.

Methods

We applied natural language processing (NLP) and thematic analysis to understand public opinions, experiences, and issues with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic using social media data. First, we collected over 47 million COVID-19–related comments from Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and three online discussion forums. Second, we performed data preprocessing, which involved applying NLP techniques to clean and prepare the data for automated key phrase extraction. Third, we applied the NLP approach to extract meaningful key phrases from over 1 million randomly selected comments and computed sentiment score for each key phrase and assigned sentiment polarity (ie, positive, negative, or neutral) based on the score using a lexicon-based technique. Fourth, we grouped related negative and positive key phrases into categories or broad themes.

Results

A total of 34 negative themes emerged, out of which 15 were health-related issues, psychosocial issues, and social issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic from the public perspective. Some of the health-related issues were increased mortality, health concerns, struggling health systems, and fitness issues; while some of the psychosocial issues were frustrations due to life disruptions, panic shopping, and expression of fear. Social issues were harassment, domestic violence, and wrong societal attitude. In addition, 20 positive themes emerged from our results. Some of the positive themes were public awareness, encouragement, gratitude, cleaner environment, online learning, charity, spiritual support, and innovative research.

Conclusions

We uncovered various negative and positive themes representing public perceptions toward the COVID-19 pandemic and recommended interventions that can help address the health, psychosocial, and social issues based on the positive themes and other research evidence. These interventions will help governments, health professionals and agencies, institutions, and individuals in their efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 and minimize its impact, and in reacting to any future pandemics.
Directly Observed Therapy to Measure Adherence to Tuberculosis Medication in Observational Research: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ragan Elizabeth J , Gill Christopher J , Banos Matthew , Bouton Tara C , Rooney Jennifer , Horsburgh Charles R , Warren Robin M , Myers Bronwyn , Jacobson Karen R
Published: February 2021

Background

A major challenge for prospective, clinical tuberculosis (TB) research is accurately defining a metric for measuring medication adherence.

Objective

We aimed to design a method to capture directly observed therapy (DOT) via mobile health carried out by community workers. The program was created specifically to measure TB medication adherence for a prospective TB cohort in Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Methods

Community workers collect daily adherence data on mobile smartphones. Participant-level adherence, program-level adherence, and program function are systematically monitored to assess DOT program implementation. A data dashboard allows for regular visualization of indicators. Numerous design elements aim to prevent or limit data falsification and ensure study data integrity.

Results

The cohort study is ongoing and data collection is in progress. Enrollment began on May 16, 2017, and as of January 12, 2021, a total of 236 participants were enrolled. Adherence data will be used to analyze the study’s primary aims and to investigate adherence as a primary outcome.

Conclusions

The DOT program includes a mobile health application for data collection as well as a monitoring framework and dashboard. This approach has potential to be adapted for other settings to improve the capture of medication adherence in clinical TB research.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02840877; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02840877
Revolutionizing Medical Data Sharing Using Advanced Privacy-Enhancing Technologies: Technical, Legal, and Ethical Synthesis
Authors: Scheibner James , Raisaro Jean Louis , Troncoso-Pastoriza Juan Ramón , Ienca Marcello , Fellay Jacques , Vayena Effy , Hubaux Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2021

Multisite medical data sharing is critical in modern clinical practice and medical research. The challenge is to conduct data sharing that preserves individual privacy and data utility. The shortcomings of traditional privacy-enhancing technologies mean that institutions rely upon bespoke data sharing contracts. The lengthy process and administration induced by these contracts increases the inefficiency of data sharing and may disincentivize important clinical treatment and medical research.
This paper provides a synthesis between 2 novel advanced privacy-enhancing technologies—homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation (defined together as multiparty homomorphic encryption). These privacy-enhancing technologies provide a mathematical guarantee of privacy, with multiparty homomorphic encryption providing a performance advantage over separately using homomorphic encryption or secure multiparty computation. We argue multiparty homomorphic encryption fulfills legal requirements for medical data sharing under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation which has set a global benchmark for data protection. Specifically, the data processed and shared using multiparty homomorphic encryption can be considered anonymized data. We explain how multiparty homomorphic encryption can reduce the reliance upon customized contractual measures between institutions. The proposed approach can accelerate the pace of medical research while offering additional incentives for health care and research institutes to employ common data interoperability standards.
Reactance to Social Authority in Entertainment-Education Media: Protocol for a Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vandormael Alain , Adam Maya , Hachaturyan Violetta , Greuel Merlin , Favaretti Caterina , Gates Jennifer , Baernighausen Till
Published: February 2021

Background

Entertainment-education media can be an effective strategy for influencing health behaviors. To improve entertainment-education effectiveness, we seek to investigate whether the social authority of a person delivering a health message arouses the motivation to reject that message—a phenomenon known as reactance.

Objective

In this study, using a short animated video, we aim to measure reactance to a sugar reduction message narrated by a child (low social authority), the child’s mother (equivalent social authority to the target audience), and a family physician (high social authority). The aims of the study are to determine the effect of the narrator’s perceived social authority on reactance to the sugar reduction message, establish the effectiveness of the video in improving behavioral intent to reduce the intake of added sugars, and quantify participants’ interest in watching the entertainment-education intervention video.

Methods

This is a parallel group, randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention video narrated by a low, equivalent, or high social authority against a content placebo video and a placebo video. Using a web-based recruitment platform, we plan to enroll 4000 participants aged between 18 and 59 years who speak English and reside in the United Kingdom. The primary end points will include measures of the antecedents to reactance (proneness to reactance and threat level of the message), its components (anger and negative cognition), and attitudinal and behavioral intent toward sugar intake. We will measure behavioral intent using list experiments. Participants randomized to the placebo videos will be given a choice to watch one of the sugar-intervention videos at the end of the study to assess participant engagement with the entertainment-education video.

Results

The study was approved by the ethics committee of Heidelberg University on March 18, 2020 (S-088/2020). Participant recruitment and data collection were completed in December 2020. The data analysis was completed in April 2021, and the final results are planned to be published by August 2021.

Conclusions

In this trial, we will use several randomization procedures, list experimentation methods, and new web-based technologies to investigate the effect of perceived social authority on reactance to a message about reducing sugar intake. Our results will inform the design of future entertainment-education videos for public health promotion needs.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00022340: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022340.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25343
Mortality and Access to Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease–Associated Kidney Failure
Authors: Bae Sunjae , Johnson Morgan , Massie Allan B. , Luo Xun , Haywood Carlton , Lanzkron Sophie M. , Grams Morgan E. , Segev Dorry L. , Purnell Tanjala S.
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives

Patients with sickle cell disease–associated kidney failure have high mortality, which might be lowered by kidney transplantation. However, because they show higher post-transplant mortality compared with patients with other kidney failure etiologies, kidney transplantation remains controversial in this population, potentially limiting their chance of receiving transplantation. We aimed to quantify the decrease in mortality associated with transplantation in this population and determine the chance of receiving transplantation with sickle cell disease as the cause of kidney failure as compared with other etiologies of kidney failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Using a national registry, we studied all adults with kidney failure who began maintenance dialysis or were added to the kidney transplant waiting list in 1998–2017. To quantify the decrease in mortality associated with transplantation, we measured the absolute risk difference and hazard ratio for mortality in matched pairs of transplant recipients versus waitlisted candidates in the sickle cell and control groups. To compare the chance of receiving transplantation, we estimated hazard ratios for receiving transplantation in the sickle cell and control groups, treating death as a competing risk.

Results

Compared with their matched waitlisted candidates, 189 transplant recipients with sickle cell disease and 220,251 control recipients showed significantly lower mortality. The absolute risk difference at 10 years post-transplant was 20.3 (98.75% confidence interval, 0.9 to 39.8) and 19.8 (98.75% confidence interval, 19.2 to 20.4) percentage points in the sickle cell and control groups, respectively. The hazard ratio was also similar in the sickle cell (0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.91) and control (0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.55) groups (interaction P=0.8). Nonetheless, the sickle cell group was less likely to receive transplantation than the controls (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.87). Similar disparities were found among waitlisted candidates (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.72).

Conclusions

Patients with sickle cell disease–associated kidney failure exhibited similar decreases in mortality associated with kidney transplantation as compared with those with other kidney failure etiologies. Nonetheless, the sickle cell population was less likely to receive transplantation, even after waitlist registration.
Interkulturalno obrazovanje u Srbiji, Regulativni okvir, stanje i mogućnost za razvoj
Authors: Sekulic Bojana
Published: February 2021

Prikaz knjige:
Danijela S. Perović, Tijana Jokić, Interkulturalno obrazovanje u Srbiji, Regulativni okvir, stanje i mogućnost za razvoj, Centar za obrazovne politike, Beograd, 2016.
ФОТОННЫЙ АЦП
Authors: Якушенков П.О.
Published: February 2021

Показаны преимущества аналого-цифрового преобразователя на фотонной интегральной схеме по сравнению с АЦП на транзисторной электронике. Рассмотрены некоторые схемы реализации фотонного АЦП, их сравнение, а также варианты проектирования, моделирования и реализации фотонного АЦП на существующей в России технологической базе.
ВЕРОЯТНОСТНОЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕРЕВО МОДЕЛИ ЕДИНИЧНЫХ КОНСТАНТНЫХ ОТКАЗОВ
Authors: Данилова Е.Ю. , Поселенцева Д.Ю.
Published: February 2021

В статье приведены описания математической модели вероятностного диагностического дерева и генетический алгоритм для его построения. Рассмотрена оптимизация высоты вероятностного диагностического дерева в модели единичных константных отказов в ПЛИС.
МЕТОДИКА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ SPICE-МОДЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА ВЛИЯНИЯ ОЯЧ НА КМОП-СХЕМЫ ПРИ УМЕНЬШЕНИИ РАЗМЕРОВ ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ
Authors: Харитонов И.А. , Попов Д.А. , Рахматуллин Б.А.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены и проанализированы SPICE-модели различной сложности для анализа влияния отдельных тяжелых (ядерных) частиц (ОЯЧ) на КМОП-схемы. Для варианта модели, учитывающей влияние электрического смещения в узле на параметры импульса тока, приведены выражения для оценки основных параметров такой модели в зависимости от параметров частицы и структуры транзисторов. Приведено сравнение параметров всплесков тока для используемой модели и из литературных данных по воздействию ОЯЧ на КМОП-схемы с различными проектными нормами.
АРХИТЕКТУРА SPICE-МОДЕЛЕЙ УЛЬТРАСОВРЕМЕННЫХ ГЛУБОКО-СУБМИКРОННЫХ МОП-ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ
Authors: Шипицин Д.С. , Потупчик А.Г. , Шемякин А.В.
Published: February 2021

Произведены обзор и анализ особенностей архитектуры SPICE-моделей МОП-транзисторов, выполненных по глубоко-субмикронным нормам проектирования (45 нм и менее). Рассмотрены подходы к учету статистических компонентов модели, а также основных с точки зрения влияния на электрофизическое поведение МОП-транзистора эффектов близости (LDE).
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ГАРМОНИК ПЛАНАРНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Дудкин Д.В. , Жевненко Д.А. , Горнев Е.С. , Криштоп Т.В. , Криштоп В.Г.
Published: February 2021

Исследованы нелинейные искажения планарного электрохимического акселерометра. Получены зависимости коэффициентов гармоник и коэффициента нелинейных искажений от амплитуды входящего механического сигнала.
МЕТОДЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ МАССО-И ЗАРЯДОПЕРЕНОСА В ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ МИКРОСИСТЕМАХ
Authors: Жевненко Д.А. , Горнев Е.С. , Криштоп Т.В. , Криштоп В.Г.
Published: February 2021

Представлен обзор основных методов моделирования процессов переноса в электрохимических системах. Исследуются диффузионные преобразователи параметров движения. Сравниваются модели электрохимических процессов в амперометрических устройствах.
visita pastoral de Francisco Fabián y Fuero al obispado de Puebla en 1765
Authors: Jiménez Pérez Isla Citlalli
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer las actas de la visita pastoral que Francisco Fabián y Fuero, obispo de Puebla de 1765 a 1773, comenzó en 1765 en ciertos curatos de su diócesis. La importancia de este documento radica en que se muestra el gobierno de la diócesis por este influyente prelado, quien es la segunda figura más importante en la escena eclesiástica novohispana de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, a pocos meses de haber arribado a la Nueva España. Se ofrecen datos de diversa índole sobre los lugares y la población, además de que hasta el momento este documento está inédito.
Delirio de Cotard: presentación de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: De Jesúsa Manuel R. , Rojas José A. , Mejía Sang Miguel , Disla Vanesa , Nova Seily , González Elvis
Published: February 2021

Introducción: el Síndrome o Delirio de Cotard (CS) es una condición psiquiátrica infrecuente caracterizada por la presencia de delirio de negación (o nihilista), donde el paciente refiere desde pérdida de capacidades intelectuales y expresión de sentimientos, hasta la negación de la propia existencia y la del cosmos. Fue descrito por primera vez por el neuropsiquiatra francés Jules Cotard en el año 1880.

El síntoma cardinal es el delirio nihilista, que consiste en un espectro de ideas de negación normalmente relacionadas con el cuerpo (negando la funcionabilidad o presencia de uno o más órganos internos) o con la existencia (pudiendo creer que está muerto o que todos en el mundo están muertos).

Presentación de caso: se realizó el reporte de un caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años de edad, proveniente de Los Hidalgos, Provincia Puerto Plata, República Dominicana, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión y trastorno esquizoide no especificado. Dicho paciente presentó los característicos delirios nihilistas, además de alucinaciones olfativas y auditivas, verborrea, aumento de la motricidad, anorexia, insomnio y soliloquio.

A pesar de la limitada bibliografía, se pretendió comparar la presentación de dicho paciente con otros casos de Delirio de Cotard.
Clima e incidencia de la Malaria durante períodos inter e intra-epidémicos en el Gran Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Authors: Tapia Leandro , Arredondo- Abreu Cesar , Mrvos Nicole , Ruiz-Matuk Carlos , Paulino-Ramírez Robert
Published: February 2021

El cambio climático tiene importantes implicaciones de salud pública, las cuales se incrementan en la malaria. En zonas donde nunca antes se había identificado las diferentes especies de Plasmodium se convirtió en realidad. Por consiguiente, la comprensión de la relación entre esta enfermedad y el clima se ha convertido en una prioridad de salud global. En este estudio extrajimos los casos reportados de malaria y los informes climáticos de bases de datos de información pública entre 2012 y 2018. Mediante análisis de regresión confrontamos los casos de malaria semanales con promedios climáticos de semana de retraso. Durante los períodos inter-epidémicos la humedad relativa (b = .1101, p <0.001) y la temperatura media (b = 0.118, p < 0.001) fueron predictores significativos de incidencia de malaria. Sin embargo, durante los períodos intra-epidémicos, estos predictores se comportan de manera diferente: humedad relativa (b = -0.265, p<0.05) y temperatura media (b = -1.47, p<0.001). La temperatura media y la humedad relativa impulsan la incidencia de malaria en Santo Domingo. Estas dos variables pueden servir de predictores para futuros brotes en regiones de alta incidencia poblacional.
Third-Year Medical Students’ Self-perceived Knowledge About Health Disparities and Community Medicine
Authors: Smith Rashida S. , Silverio Alexis , Casola Allison R. , Kelly Erin L. , de la Cruz Maria Syl
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Medical providers’ attitudes about caring for vulnerable populations have significant implications for persistent health disparities. Therefore, assessing medical students’ self-perceived knowledge about community-based medicine and care for underserved populations can provide insights for improving health care delivery to achieve health equity. We evaluated third-year medical students’ perceptions of their knowledge and attitudes about community medicine, and addressing health care needs of vulnerable populations.
Methods: From October 2, 2017 to July 12, 2019, third-year medical students at a private, urban medical school were asked to complete an assessment survey during their family medicine clerkship orientation. The anonymous survey assessed students’ self-perceived knowledge and attitudes regarding community medicine and care of vulnerable populations. We examined differences in survey responses by student demographics.
Results: A total of 401 students participated in the survey; 50.5% of respondents agreed that they had knowledge to assess health literacy of the patient, while only 22.2% of students agreed that they had knowledge about how to identify a community and conduct a community health needs assessment. Additionally, students agreed with being most comfortable providing care to adolescents (73.0%) and the elderly (69.5%), and that they were least comfortable caring for incarcerated individuals (31.7%) and immigrants/refugees (44.1%).
Conclusion: Assessment of learners’ self-perceived knowledge can help highlight areas for educational interventions. Our findings suggest the need for improving medical student knowledge in areas of community health and health care for specific vulnerable populations.
Advances in the treatment of neuropathic pain with hyperbaric oxygen
Authors:   Dept of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hosp, the Naval Military Medical Univ, People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, China, Zhou Yan-Yan , Ren Rong-Rong ,   Dept of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hosp, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China, Cen Yi ,   Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Med, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hosp Affiliated to Tongji Univ School of Medicine, No 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai, China, Liu Wen-Wu ,   Dept of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, the Naval Military Medical Univ, People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, China, Chen Hui ,   Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Med, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hosp Affiliated to Tongji Univ School of Medicine, No 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai, China
Published: February 2021

Neuropathic pain (NPP) refers to the pain caused by primary or secondary injury or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system, and usually requires multidisciplinary treatment. However, most pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can only temporarily and/or moderately improve pain-related symptoms, and they often produce unbearable adverse reactions or cause drug resistance. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been widely used in the clinical treatment of some diseases due to ABSTRACT its advantages of safety, few side effects, no resistance, and non-invasiveness. In recent years, increasing numbers of basic and clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of HBO2 in the treatment of NPP, and great progress has been made in this field. In this paper, we briefly introduce the pathogenesis of NPP and therapeutic effects of HBO2 and summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of HBO2 in treating NPP, which may provide reference for the clinical treatment of pain with HBO2.
Assessment of immunoglobulins free light chains in serum and urine of patients with system sclerosis: novel biomarkers for activity disease
Authors: Gigante Antonietta , Pellicano Chiara , Leodori Giorgia , Napodano Cecilia , Vantaggio Lorenzo , Gulli Francesca , MARINO Mariapaola , Visentini Marcella , Rosato Edoardo , Basile Umberto
Published: February 2021

Free light chains (FLC), considered a biomarker of B cell activity, are
frequently elevated in different systemic inflammatory-autoimmune
diseases. As systemic sclerosis (SSc) clinical course may be variable,
this study aimed to assess FLCs levels in serum and urine of affected
individuals, as biomarkers of disease activity. We assessed FLC levels
in serum and urine of 72 SSc patients and 30 healthy controls (HC).
Results were analyzed in comparison with overall clinical and laboratory
findings, disease activity index (DAI) and disease severity scale (DSS).
SSc patients displayed increased levels of k and λ FLC in serum,
significantly higher than HC (p=0.0001) alongside with the mean levels
of free k/λ ratio and of the k+λ sum (p=0.0001). In addition, SSc
patients had significant higher levels in the urine of free k and of k/λ
ratio than HC (p=0.0001). SSc patients with increased k+λ sum in serum
showed a statistically higher levels of erythro-sedimentation rate
(p=0.034), C-reactive protein (p=0.003), higher DAI (p=0.024) and DSS
(p=0.015) than SSc patients with normal levels of FLC. A positive linear
correlation was found between serum levels of free k and DAI (r=0.29,
p=0.014). SSc patients with increased free k in urine had statistically
higher DAI (p=0.048) than SSc patients with normal level of free k. The
significant increased levels of FLC correlated with disease activity in
SSc patients. Our results strengthen the role of FLC as useful
biomarkers in clinical practice to early diagnosis and monitor disease
activity with an improvement of SSc patients’ management.
Hardness characteristics of as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys
Authors: Chipise L. , Batane N.R. , Jain P.K. , Coetzee S.H. , Odera B.O. , Goosen W. , Cornish L.A.
Published: February 2021

The Vickers hardness of 21 as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys of different compositions were studied, and nanohardness indentations were done on the individual phases. The results were used to explain the brittleness by assessing the proportions of the phases, and their morphologies. The compound hardness varied between 704 - 1289 HV, with ~ZrRu2 being the hardest phase, and ~Zr2Ni7 being the least hard phase. The sample hardness was 300 - 1015 HV. Most of the samples were brittle, although there were regions of toughness around Ni36:Ru13:Zr51 and Ni20:Ru5:Zr75 (at.%). No alloy was identified to have potential good mechanical properties.
Long-term antibody-response monitoring following primary exposure to SARS-COV-2 and afterward mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Balint Bela , Todorovic Milena , Andric Zorana , Jovicic Milica , Blagojevic Glorija , Colic Miodrag
Published: February 2021

nema
Anatomical variations of the superficial palmar arch and its clinical relevance
Authors: Malis Milos , Kapor Slobodan , Puskas Laslo , Aksic Milan , Blagojevic Valentina , Zarkovic Nikola , Djurasic Ljubomir , Filipovic Branislav , Vukomanovic-Djurdjevic Biserka
Published: February 2021

Background/Aim. In-depth knowledge of the vascular net-work of the hand is of great importance in modern medicine. The main vessel of the hand is the superficial palmar arch (SPA). As typically described in anatomical textbooks, it arises as a terminal branch of the ulnar artery, which then anastomoses with the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, the SPA is characterized by remarkable variability, which has been the area of interest of many researchers so far. The aim of this study was to exert a comprehensive examination of the anatomy of the SPA. Methods. The research was conducted at the Institute of Anatomy ?Niko Miljanic? on a total number of 14 cadavers. After careful dissection, variations of the modality of formation of the SPA and its distance of the SPA from Kaplan?s cardinal line were observed on the right hands. Collected data were then analyzed statistically in SPSS 11.0 using the Mann-Whitney U test, with the accepted level of statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results. According to Coleman and Anson?s classification, the higher incidence of the incomplete type (57.14%) of the SPA was observed compared to the complete type (42.86%). In addition to this, a statistically significant difference was discovered in the distance of the SPA from Kaplan?s cardinal line between two groups with complete and incomplete types, respectively. The parameter examined in the group with the complete type took the value of 2.13 ? 0.32 cm, while in the group with the incomplete type measured 3.33 ? 0.87 cm. Conclusion. The present study showed a very important complexity in the domain of anatomy of the SPA with numerous clinical implications. For that reason, a thorough evaluation of the hand circulatory system should be considered while planning surgical procedures in order to avoid operative and postoperative complications.
An Executable Axiomatization of the REA2 Ontology
Authors: Laurier Wim , Horiuchi Satoshi , Snoeck Monique
Published: February 2021

The formalization of the REA2 ontology presented in this paper offers a minimal set of operationalized semantics for a single white-box model relevant to all business stakeholders independent of their role or involvement in economic activities. This paper's theoretical innovations are the use of MERODE to model increment and decrement semantics as fundamental stand-alone concepts that simultaneously affect economic resources, event, agents, and the semantics of the stock-flow, participation, and ownership associations and the formalization of the REA axioms as executable finite state machines. MERODE's possibilities for model execution through fast prototyping allowed validation through the modeling of an archetypical exchange scenario. Both innovations contribute to the reliability of a generic semantic model for finance and logistics in both the traditional, as well as the sharing, economy, thus promoting traceability and accountability in value networks and supply chains supported by both centralized and decentralized ledger technologies.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse IV: Surgical Options
Authors: Demtchouk Veronica , Rosenblatt Peter
Published: February 2021

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynecologic condition, with increasing number of women electing for surgical intervention over conservative management with pessaries and pelvic floor physical therapy. Over the past decade, minimally invasive techniques using laparoscopic and vaginal approaches have largely replaced open abdominal surgery. However, this time period has also seen the challenges and limitations of using synthetic mesh materials in urogynecologic procedures. This publication provides a background for the most common and successful surgical techniques to treat pelvic organ prolapse and briefly reviews key anatomy and surgical steps.
This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 101 references.
Key words: anterior colporrhaphy, colpocleisis, hysteropexy, mesh, pelvic organ prolapse, perineorrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy, sacrocervicopexy, sacrocolpopexy, sacrospinous ligament suspension, uterosacral ligament suspension
İşletmelerde Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Dış Kaynak Kullanım Süreçlerinde Tedarikçi Firma Seçiminin Analizi
Authors: Kapıcı Serbülent , Yücel Mustafa
Published: February 2021

İşletmeler, rekabet avantajı sağlayarak varlıklarını sürdürmek ve ayakta kalabilmek için, hammaddeden nihai müşteriye kadar uzanan tedarik zinciri süreci fonksiyon alanlarındaki tüm faaliyetlerde başarılı olmak durumundadırlar. Bunun için kullanılan yöntemlerin başında, dış kaynak kullanımı ilk sıradadır. İşletmeler, kendi uzmanlık alanlarına yoğunlaşmak, kârlarını maksimize etmek, maliyeti azaltmak, etkinlik ve verimliliği artırmak maksadıyla tedarik zinciri yönetiminde dış kaynak kullanımını tercih ederler. Dış kaynak kullanımı işletmelere avantajlar sunarken sektörel açıdan farklı değerlendirmelere tabi tutulurlar. Dışardan sağlanacak fayda için hizmet sunan işletmelerin tercih edilmesinde ise işletmeler açısından farklı kriterlere göre yaklaşımlar sergilenir. Tedarikçi işletme seçiminde etkili olan kriterlerin analiz edilip değerlendirilmesi amacıyla bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzmir ili organize sanayi bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren işletmeler üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada elde edilen verilere korelasyon analizi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova ve Scheffe) uygulanmış olup elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre tedarikçi firma seçiminde firmanın yaşı ve çalışan sayısı arasında ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tedarikçi firma seçiminde etkili olan on üç kriterden altı tanesinin sektörlere göre anlamlı farklılaştığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Cosmology's Century
Authors: Peebles P. J. E.
Published: February 2021

Modern cosmology began a century ago with Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and his notion of a homogenous, philosophically satisfying cosmos. This book is the story of how generations of scientists built on these thoughts and many new measurements to arrive at a well-tested physical theory of the structure and evolution of our expanding universe. This book offers an unparalleled personal perspective on how the field developed. The author was at the forefront of many of the greatest discoveries of the past century, making fundamental contributions to our understanding of the presence of helium and microwave radiation from the hot big bang, the measures of the distribution and motion of ordinary matter, and the new kind of dark matter that allows us to make sense of these results. Taking readers from the field's beginnings, the book describes how scientists working in independent directions found themselves converging on a theory of cosmic evolution interesting enough to warrant the rigorous testing it passes so well. The book explores the major advances—some inspired by remarkable insights or perhaps just lucky guesses—as well as the wrong turns taken and the roads not explored. It shares recollections from major players in this story and provides a rare, inside look at how natural science is really done. The book also emphasizes where the present theory is incomplete, suggesting exciting directions for continuing research.
Cosmological Models
Authors: Peebles P. J. E.
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines two spatially homogenous world pictures which captured most of the attention in cosmology from the late 1940s through the mid-1960s: an evolving universe and a universe in a statistically steady state. The evolving model describes expansion according to general relativity from an exceedingly dense early condition often termed the big bang. In the big bang model, a straightforward extrapolation of its evolution back in time ends at a singularity: a manifest failure of standard general relativity. In the alternative world picture, the continual creation of matter keeps the near-homogeneously expanding universe in a steady state. It lacked Albert Einstein's endorsement, but skillful proponents kept the picture visible in England though generally less so at other research centers. The steady-state cosmology is much more predictive than the big bang, which might have been expected to have added more than it did to general interest in the model.
METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR DALAM PENERAPAN SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT ANAK
Authors: Maulina Dina
Published: February 2021

Perancangan dan pembuatan sistem pakar untuk diagnosa penyakit anak menggunakan metode ketidakpastian yaitu Certainty Factor (CF). Tahapan perancangan sistem ini dimulai dengan mengakuisisi pengetahuan dari dokter ahli anak kemudian membangun basis pengetahuan dan memberikan nilai CF pada setiap gejala yang terkait dengan suatu penyakit anak dengan nilai range 0 dan 1. Dengan memilih gejala-gejala penyakit yang dilihat dan dirasakan maka sistem dapat mendiagnosa penyakit anak dan menampilkan penyakit yang memiliki gejala yang sama dengan diurutkan secara descending, dimana nilai terbesarlah yang merupakan hasil keputusannya. Pembuatan sistem pakar berbasis web ini dibangun menggunakan Framework Codeigniter. Dari hasil pengujian sistem didapatkan tingkat keakuratan penggunaan rumus CF dalalam implementasi mendiagnosa penyakit RFA (Rhinofaringtis Akut) adalah 95%, penyakit GEA(Gastro Enteritis Akut) adalah 70%, penyakit ISK (Innfeksi Saluran Kemih) adalah 70%, penyakit Faringtis adalah 68%, penyakit DM (Diabetes Melitus) adalah 50%. Berdasarkan perhitungan manual program yang diimplementasikan dengan sistem, metode Certainty Factor ini dapat memberikan hasil akurat yang didapatkan dari perhitungan berdasarkan bobot gejala yang dipilih pengguna dan mampu memberikan jawaban pada permasalahan yang tidak pasti kebenarannya seperti masalah diagnosa suatu penyakit.
PENTINGNYA MENGGUNAKAN CHECK CONSTRAINTS DALAM DESAIN DATABASE SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN
Authors: Kurniawan Rizky Arya , Widyatama Andhika Wisnu , Setiani Hani , Ikram Muh Wal , Arridho Muhammad Noor , Kurniawan Alvian Trias , Utami Ema
Published: February 2021

Hampir seluruh sistem informasi berbasis web maupun desktop menggunakan basis data. Dalam pengolahan basis data tentu didukung dengan sistem relasional basis data seperti MySQL, Oracle dan PostgreSQL sering digunakan dalam membangun basis data. Dalam sistem pendukung keputusan, basis data sangat dibutuhkan untuk menyimpan data. Beberapa penelitian sistem pendukung keputusan menunjukkan kurangnya perhatian terhadap check constraint dalam membangun basis data. Hal tersebut berpengaruh terhadap keamanan dan kualitas data sistem tersebut. Untuk melakukan validasi data dapat dilakukan pada tingkat perancangan basis data. Pada kenyataannya proses validasi pada level basis data masih jarang dilakukan oleh beberapa programmer. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa terhadap pentingnya check constraint pada tabel basis data sistem pendukung keputusan.
Analisis Sistem Pemerintahan di Indonesia, Masih Relevankah Konsep Negara Kesatuan?
Authors: Indriyany Ika Arinia
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini akan membahas secara mendalam mengenai alternatif bentuk negara di Indonesia. Selama ini bentuk negara Indonesia adalah Negara Kesatuan dan perdebatan mengenai bentuk negara lain yaitu federalisme merupakan perbincangan tabu karena mengancam persatuan bangsa dan negara. Terlepas dari itu, bagaimana pun wacana mengenai federalisme ini pernah beberapa kali muncul dalam sejarah Indonesa, yang berarti wacana ini tidak sepenuhnya merupakan wacana terlarang, hanya saja wacana ini memang di redam pada Masa Orde Baru yang begitu menjunjung tinggi persatuan dan kesatuan. Demi kepentingan akademis dan pencarian alternatif baru yang ideal dalam pengelolaan Indonesia, wacana ini penulis munculkan kembali. Tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk menambah khasanah mengenai wacana federalisme, sebuah wacana yang dianggap terlarang jika dibicarakan di Indonesia