bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronaviruses induce the expression of the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP1/MKP1.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus infection is an emerging public health threat in the United States and worldwide (1). We mined published microarray data to perform systems-level analysis of host cell transcription following infection with multiple coronavirus types in order to identify therapeutic targets and host cell vulnerabilities (2, 3). We identified the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP1 (also known as MKP1) as differentially expressed in vitro following infection with human coronavirus 229E, HCoV-229E and with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV. DUSP1 expression significantly increases after coronavirus infection in vitro. DUSP1 may be of relevance to the pathology of coronavirus infection.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FILM TERHADAP HISTORICAL THINKING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KELAS XI IPS SMAN 1 PELAIHARI
Authors: rosalina
Published: April 2020

pengaruh penggunaan media film terhadap historical thinking dalam pembelajaran sejarah . Pembelajaran sejarah harus mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir sejarahyaitu membangun kesadaran akan waktu, pemahaman terhadap peristiwa sejarah, berpikir kritis terhadap sumber dan sebagainya. Sehingga peserta didik belajarmengembangkan wawasan, pemahaman dan keterampilan sejarah
Did developing brood drive the evolution of an obligate symbiosis between ants and bacteria?
Authors: Teseo Serafino
Published: April 2020

Blochmannia is a vertically transmitted obligate bacterial symbiont of ants within the tribe Camponotini (Formicidae: Formicinae), hosted in specialized cells (bacteriocytes) of the ant midgut epithelium. Genomic comparisons of Blochmannia with other insect symbionts suggest that the symbiosis may have started with ants tending sap-feeding insects. However, the possible transitions of Blochmannia from mutualist of sap-feeding insects to vertically transmitted organelle-like symbiont of ants have not been formally discussed. Here I propose hypotheses supporting the idea that the ant brood may have had a prominent role in this process. This is mainly because: 1) microbes are more likely to reach the midgut in larvae rather than in adults; 2) bacteriocytes possibly allowed the midgut lumen-dwelling ancestor of Blochmannia to survive gut purging at the onset of the ant pupation, extending its nutritional benefits to metamorphosis; 3) adult ants do not need the nutritional benefits of Blochmannia. Investigating the biology of Camponotini sister taxa may provide further cues regarding the evolution of the symbiosis.
Climate Change Impacts on Sustainable Maize Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Mulungu Kelvin , Ng'ombe John
Published: April 2020

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the commonly grown grain crops and remains a source of staple food and food security for most countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). But climate change threatens agricultural potential in SSA thereby risking food security especially that most maize production is rain-fed in these countries. Thus, numerous studies have examined impacts of climate change on maize production and productivity resulting in several adaption strategies being promoted to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. But to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any studies in literature that provide a review of impacts of climate change on maize production and productivity in SSA. This chapter therefore provides a review of empirical climate change impacts on maize production and its productivity in SSA. We chose SSA because most countries in SSA are underdeveloped and therefore more vulnerable to climate change effects. This is important because this review will provide an easier access of such results for both scholars and policy makers in search of empirical impacts of climate change on maizeproduction and productivity in SSA.
corona virus treament
Authors: eldin karim gamal
Published: April 2020

The main idea of treating the corona virus or any other virus which attack the respiratory system is to interfere while the immune system defends the human body in this stage the usage of some type of disinfectant shall be useful. The chlorine gas or any other gas (ozone for example) is used as a powerful disinfectant but it has a very poisoning effect on the human while inhalation the main idea is to present the disinfectant in a concentration that will reduce the virus numbers but will not cause any side effects for the human body on a number of small dosages which will cause the reduction of the numbers by a very promising way the effect of the disinfectant will appear on the virus but not on the human body
Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy.
Authors: Simione Luca , Gnagnarella Camilla
Published: April 2020

In this study, we investigated the perception of risk and the worries about COVID-19 infection in both healthcare workers and general population in Italy. We studied the difference in risk perception in these two groups, and how this related to demographic variables and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and death anxiety. To this aim, we administered an online questionnaire about COVID-19 together with other questionnaires assessing the psychological condition of participants. First, we found that the exposition to infection risk, due to living area or job, increased the perceived stress and anxiety (i.e. medical staff in North Italy was more stressed and anxious respect to both medical- and non-medical participants from Center and South Italy). Then, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression models on our data to assess the response odds ratio relatively to each predictor on each dependent variable. We found that health workers reported higher risk perception, level of worry, and knowledge as related to COVID-19 infection compared to general population. Also psychological state, gender, and living area were important predictors of these factors. Instead, judgments about behaviors and containment rules were more linked to demographics, such as gender and alcohol consumption. We discussed these results in the light of risk factors for psychological distress and possible interventions to meet the psychological needs of healthcare workers.
Segregation of default mode from frontoparietal system protects against smoking lapse
Authors: Lydon-Staley David M. , MacLean R. Ross , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Danielle S , Wilson Stephen Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

Quitting smoking is notoriously difficult. Models of nicotine dependence posit that deficits in cognitive control contribute to failures to maintain smoking abstinence during smoking cessation attempts. We examine the role for large-scale functional brain systems associated with cognitive control in smoking lapse. We use data from 70, five-minute functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in 17 daily smokers (5 female) undergoing a smoking lapse paradigm after 12 hours of smoking abstinence. Cox regression results indicate that decreased segregation of the default mode system from the frontoparietal system undermine the ability to resist smoking. Results lend support to the hypothesis that large-scale functional brain systems associated with cognitive control are implicated in smoking lapse behavior and point to the importance of cognitive control as a mechanism underlying smoking relapse.
Guidelines for curriculum and course development in higher education and training
Authors: Tractenberg Rochelle E. , Lindvall Jessica M. , Attwood Teresa , Via Allegra
Published: April 2020

Curriculum development in higher education should follow a formal process. Although the focus in formal curriculum theory is on long-term programs of study, the theoretical and practical considerations are also applicable to shorter-form learning experiences (single courses, lessons, or training sessions). With these considerations in mind, we discuss here an iterative model of curriculum design, the starting point of which (indeed, in the construction of any learning experience), is the articulation of the target learning outcomes: everything follows from these, including the selection of learning experiences and content, the development of assessments, and evaluation of the resulting curriculum. We discuss how the iterative process can be used in curriculum and instructional development, and provide a set of practical guidelines for curriculum and course preparation.
Quantitative Geography III: Future Challenges & Challenging Futures
Authors: Wolf Levi John , Fox Sean , Harris Richard , Johnston Ron , Jones Kelvyn , Manley David , Tranos Emmanouil , Wang Wenfei Winnie
Published: April 2020

In the previous two parts of this series, we discussed the history and current status of quantitative geography. In this final part, we focus on the future. We argue that quantitative geographers are most helpful when we can simplify difficult problems using our distinct domain expertise. To do this, we must clarify the theory underpinning core conceptual problems in quantitative geography. Then, we examine the social forces that are shaping the future of quantitative geography. We conclude with criteria for how quantitative geography might succeed in addressing these challenges.
Research on the Implementation of Happy Teaching in Film and Television Professional Courses of College
Authors: Safaningrum Anggi Cecilia
Published: April 2020

The use of happy teaching in classroom teaching is the reform direction of film and television professional teaching. How to implement happy teaching on the film and television major in college is an urgent problem in the current classroom teaching of film and television courses. Therefore, this paper discusses the necessity of happy teaching, the related strategies and methods of happy teaching implementation, and combines the examples in teaching to demonstrate its feasibility, which provides a reference for the future reform of film and television professional courses.
Reflections on the Nature of Science and Human Ecology in Educational Practice
Authors: Safaningrum Anggi Cecilia
Published: April 2020

This paper initially seeks to systematize the foremost arguments presented by different authors to justify the importance of considering aspects of the Natural Sciences in teaching activities. From this opening framework and based on responses obtained in the application of the VNOS-C questionnaire (Views of Nature of Science, Form C), as well as the use of semistructured interviews, reports have been acquired explaining teaching aspects about the nature of sciences in the context of Secondary School. More specifically, under the eyes of teachers in the field of Biology, Physics and Chemistry, outlining some trends and perspectives in the schooling practice of teachers of Natural Sciences, concerning the possibility that they consider in their teaching activities some of the aspects of the nature of sciences and Human Ecology. As main results of this study, we found that the concerns of teachers go beyond the perspective of teaching Science, Technology and Society, as their concerns extend to broader educational issues, such as continued progression, the decrease in the number of classes in Natural Sciences and the role of the school in society.
Consequences of Ethnic and Madhesh Movements of Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Sedunath
Published: April 2020

This paper explores on the consequences of ethnic and regional conflicts in Nepal, and also clarifies about how the recognition of Madheshi people deferred after the Madhesh movement -2015. Conflict has really created the misunderstanding and gap to split the deep and long time relationship among different ethnic and regional people living harmoniously in Nepal since long in its history. It has also changed the attitudes and perspectives of Nepali people to look at India and China, Nepal’s two neighbours. Further it made Nepal as a state able to rethink about alternatives for lessening dependency and to step ahead for strengthening its sovereignty.
Impact of Television Advertising of Cosmetic Products on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Pokharel Prakash
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this research is to analyze the general impact of television advertising on consumer behavior with reference to Sunsilk Shampoo. Many people use advertising at some time in their life. Some may use it privately while others may use in business. And many people respond to advertisements. They enjoy the choices available to them in every sphere of life (Kotler, 1994:24). It is one of the major tools that companies use to persuade target buyers and publics to buy their products or services. In this scenario researcher takes Survey research design as a methodology. In this study media of advertising and impact of television advertising have been evaluated. Data used in this study are only primary in nature. The required data are collected through the questionnaire survey among the people of different age groups, gender, different education group etc. covering the consumer of urban area. According to the findings it can be concluded that majority of the people have television watching habits and out of them women are more curious in television then men which indicated that television advertisement is more popular means of advertisement.
Neurocognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: cluster analysis results
Authors: Karyakina M. V. , Shmukler A. B.
Published: April 2020

There are results of cluster analysis of neurocognitive impairments in 85 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the article. Three patient groups were discriminated based on the results. These groups differ from each other both by severity of general cognitive impairment and by severity of impairments of the specific cognitive functions. There are differences between groups by specific demographic and clinical parameters. However sensitivity analysis does not find influence of these clinical parameters on the cognitive differences between groups, which stay certain after symptoms are taken into account.
ANKK1/DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) as a possible genetic marker of food-addiction-related eating disturbances in overweight patients
Authors: Kibitov A. A. , Kasyanov E. D. , Rukavishnikov G. V. , Chuprova N. A. , Bobrovsky A. V. , Mazo G. E.
Published: April 2020

Controlling the epidemic of overweight and obesity is one of the major challenges to modern healthcare. One of the possible causes of overweight and obesity can be food addiction manifesting as overeating and other eating disturbances (ED).

We conducted a cross-sectional study to test the association between addiction-relatedANKK1/DRD2geneTaq1Apolymorphism (rs1800497) and ED in overweight patients. Overall, 527 outpatients (469 (89,0%) females, 58 (11,0%) males; mean ± SD: BMI — 35,8±7,3 kg/m2; age — 46,7±11,8 years) of European ancestry were included in the study. Eating Disorder Examination — Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were used to assess the ED. We also used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRDS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) to assess depressive, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disturbances respectively. DNA was extracted from blood samples and polymorphism rs1800497 was detected by RT-PCR.

According to the dominant genetic model, carriers of minor T allele (“CT+TT” group) in contrast to wild-type allele homozygous patients (“CC” group) were younger (p=0,075) and demonstrated higher scores of EDE-Q (p=0,085) and emotional eating subscale of DEBQ (p=0,063). Moreover, among them the proportion of patients with high ED risk was significantly increased vs. CC group: 1) EAT-26 score: 15,2% vs. 9,0%, OR=1,82 (CI95% (1,054-3,134), p=0,03; 2) EDE-Q score: 46,6% vs. 37,5%, OR=1,45 (CI95% (1,015-2,072), p=0,041. BMI was correlated with emotional eating subscale of DEBQ score in “CT+TT” group only (ρs=0,199, p=0,004). Correlation analysis showed weaker connections between ED and affective disturbances in “CT+TT” group.

Our results show that carriers of the addiction-related T allele ofANKK1/DRD2geneTaq1Apolymorphism comprise the at-risk group for eating disturbances in overweight individuals. This may support the role of food addiction in overweight and obesity.
Elementary Forms of Collective Denial: The 1994 Rwanda Genocide
Authors: Hintjens Helen M. , van Oijen Jos
Published: April 2020

This article discusses three different forms of genocide denial that have—broadly speaking—followed one another in post-genocide Rwanda since 1994. Genocide denial is considered a stage of genocide, and each of these three forms of genocide denial is outlined, drawing on the seminal study on denial of Stanley Cohen. The article suggests that collective denial such as genocide denial should be distinguished analytically from more everyday forms of denial of atrocities and suffering. Three types of genocide denial—literal, interpretative, and implicatory—are identified and related to particular phases in post-genocide Rwandan history. It is shown that denial of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda has been intertwined with post-genocide debates around fundamental causes and triggers of genocide. The article concludes with some reflections on instruments used by the Rwandan government to combat genocide denial, reflecting on the polarization of public and scholarly opinion on Rwanda’s recent past.
Intervenção fisioterapêutica na melhora do equilíbrio em idoso com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: uma revisão sistemática.
Authors: Fontes Fabieli Pereira , Bulhões Lidiane Cristina Correia , De Lima Filho Bartolomeu Fagundes , Gazzola Juliana Maria
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo teve como finalidade analisar as intervenções fisioterapêuticas na melhora do equilíbrio em idosos com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos estudos publicados até junho de 2016 nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs; nos meses de maio e junho de 2016, usando os seguintes descritores: "Balance", "Elderly", "Diabetes Mellitus type 2" e "Falls" . Foram encontrados 71 artigos. Após a aplicação dos filtros restaram 15 artigos. Na obtenção da amostra, deveriam ser obedecidos critérios de inclusão previamente definidos. Após a análise dos resumos, 5 estudos randomizados controlados foram selecionados para análise dos seus dados. Entre os 5 estudos selecionados, o número da amostra variou de 37 a 71 pacientes, totalizando 250 participantes. A média de idade variou de 57 a 79 anos. Dois artigos utilizaram intervenção incluindo exercícios de marcha e equilíbrio com fortalecimento. Enquanto um utilizou programa de Whole-body vibration (WBV) seguido por exercícios na plataforma vibratória, outro aplicou jogos de vídeo VRE (PlayStation 2; Sony, Tóquio, Japão) e um estudo apresentou intervenção de treino com exercícios aeróbios. As três variáveis mais analisadas nos estudos selecionados foram: equilíbrio, risco de quedas e marcha. Dois estudos avaliaram a força muscular e um a mobilidade articular. Após a análise dos achados desta revisão, conclui-se que os artigos apresentam diferentes intervenções fisioterapêuticas que interferem positivamente no equilíbrio produzindo resultados encorajadores na diminuição do risco de queda em indivíduos com DM2. Estes resultados têm implicações importantes para a prevenção de quedas em pacientes com DM2 em cuidados de atenção primária em saúde.
COMPARAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS E DA POTÊNCIA AERÓBIA DE ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL EM DIFERENTES CATEGORIAS E ESTÁGIOS MATURACIONAIS
Authors: Marquezin Mauricio Roberto , Medin Jacqueline , Campos Fernando De Souza , Flores Lucinar Jupir Forner , Nunes Renan Felipe Hartmann
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as características antropométricas e produção de potência aeróbia (pico de velocidade no teste de Carminatti [PVT-CAR]) entre diferentes categorias e níveis maturacionais em atletas de futebol. Cinquenta e três atletas do sexo masculino participaram do estudo divididos entre as categorias sub-11 (n=17; idade=10,6 ± 0,5 anos), sub-13 (n=16; idade=12,3 ± 0,4 anos), sub-15 (n=11; idade= 14,2 ± 0,4 anos) e sub-17 (n=9; idade= 16,6 ± 0,5 anos), e realizaram duas visitas: a primeira consistiu em avaliações antropométricas com massa corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas, e questionário do estado pubertário; e a segunda visita foi avaliada a produção de potência aeróbia realizada com um teste progressivo com 5 séries de corrida vai-e-vem de 12 segundos, com 6 segundos de repouso, até a exaustão voluntária. A distancia inicial do teste foi de 15 metros, com aumentos de progressivos de 1 metro a cada série, a maior velocidade atingida no teste (km.h-1) foi determinada como máxima produção de potência aeróbia (PVT-CAR). Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis idade, estatura, massa corporal e PVT-CAR se diferenciam entre as categorias, e estágios maturacionais (púberes e pós-púberes, comparado com pré-púberes) (p0,05). Em conclusão, pode-se afirmar que idade cronológica e estágios maturacionais exercem importante função em relação as variáveis antropométricas e PVT-CAR, visto que os atletas classificados como pós-púberes mostram melhores desempenhos na produção de potência aeróbia, levando em consideração as mudanças nos aspectos físicos e fisiológicos que são constantes durante esta fase. Por fim, o PVT-CAR se apresenta como uma importante ferramenta para classificação de um grupo, visto que atletas maturados suportam maiores cargas de treino.
CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS E MOTORAS EM JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL: DIFERENÇAS ENTRE CATEGORIAS SUB17, SUB19 E PROFISSIONAL.
Authors: Figueiredo Diego Hilgemberg , Figueiredo Diogo Hilgemberg , Gonçalves Helcio Rossi , Stanganelli Luiz Claudio Reeberg , Dourado Antônio Carlos
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar e comparar as características antropométricas e motoras de atletas pertencentes as categorias Sub17, Sub19 e Profissional. Todos os dados foram coletados anteriormente ao início da temporada competitiva. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 48 futebolistas masculinos divididos em três grupos: Sub17 (n=14), Sub19 (n=14) e Profissional (n=14). Para avaliar as características antropométricas foram realizadas avaliações de estatura e de composição corporal por meio de Plestimografia por deslocamento de ar. Já para determinação das características motoras foram realizados o teste de resistência aeróbia (Yo-Yo IR1); Counter movement jump (CMJ); Squat jump (SJ); performance de sprint 5m e 30m e potência anaeróbia (RAST teste) para determinação das potências máxima, média e mínima. Para determinar as diferenças entre as categorias no que se refere as características antropométricas e motoras uma ANOVA one way de medidas repetidas complementando-se com o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado, levando-se em consideração um nível de significância de p>0,016. Atletas profissionais apresentaram maiores valores de peso corporal e massa magra absoluta se comparadas as categorias Sub17 e Sub19, não sendo identificadas diferenças para massa gorda absoluta e relativa e massa magra relativa. Não foram identificadas diferenças antropométricas entre os atletas das categorias Sub17 e Sub19. Atletas profissionais apresentaram valores de CMJ, SJ, sprint de 30m e potência máxima, média e mínima maiores do que atletas Sub17 e Sub19, não apresentando diferença em relação ao Yo-Yo IR1 e sprint de 5m. Atletas Sub19 apresentaram maiores valores de Yo-Yo IR1 se comparados ao Sub17 e Profissionais e maiores valores de CMJ, sprint de 30m e potência média e mínima se comparado aos atletas Sub17. Atletas de diferentes categorias apresentam características antropométricas e motoras distintas, enfatizando a importância em acompanhar o desenvolvimento destas características de acordo com a idade.
A BRINQUEDOTECA E O ATENDIMENTO ÀS ESPECIFICIDADES DA CRIANÇA COM AUTISMO
Authors: Chicon José Francisco , Oliveira Ivone Martins de , Rocha Jackson Pereira
Published: April 2020

O estudo objetiva analisar a organização da brinquedoteca como um ambiente inclusivo, propiciador de vivências lúdicas para as crianças com autismo e favorecedor de sua brincadeira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem descritiva e exploratória, orientada para a análise de situações lúdicas que favoreçam a ampliação da experiência de brincar da criança com autismo na brinquedoteca, enfocando sua organização como um ambiente inclusivo. Envolve a participação de dezessete crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre três e seis anos, seis com autismo e uma com síndrome de Down, oriundas de diferentes centros de educação infantil, dez crianças sem deficiência, pertencentes a uma única turma de Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI), e ainda estagiários do Curso de Educação Física. As intervenções ocorreram em uma brinquedoteca universitária, uma vez por semana, com duração de uma hora, no ano de 2016. Essas intervenções eram compostas de dois momentos: um com atividades dirigidas e outro com atividades livres, nas quais as crianças poderiam explorar por interesse, os diferentes espaços que compunham a brinquedoteca. Esses dois momentos eram conduzidos pelos estagiários, sob a orientação dos professores coordenadores do projeto de pesquisa. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizados a observação participante, filmagem das aulas e registros em diário de campo das aulas e das discussões realizadas com os estagiários e seus relatórios sobre as intervenções. Os resultados apontam que a (re)organização dos espaços e dos tempos da brinquedoteca, o planejamento, a avaliação das intervenções e a preparação dos estagiários foram ações importantes na busca de caminhos alternativos nos percursos de desenvolvimento das crianças com autismo e das práticas inclusivas.
Isometric handgrip training does not improve quality of life in hypertensives
Authors: Farah Breno Quintella , Menezes Raffael Farias , Sobral Ricardo Alexandre Jacinto , Rodrigues Sérgio Luiz Cahú , Silva Gustavo Oliveira , Oliveira Luciano Marcelo Tancredo , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes
Published: April 2020

Hypertensive patients have high blood pressure and poor cardiovascular health and it is known that hypertension negatively affects people's health-related quality of life. Meta-analyses have shown that isometric handgrip training (IHT) reduces blood pressure in hypertensives, but the effects of IHT on health-related quality of life is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that the IHT improves health-related quality of life in hypertensives. In this randomized controlled trial, 48 hypertensive individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: IHT and control. IHT was completed thrice weekly (4 × 2 min at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction). Before and after 12 weeks health-related quality of life was assessment through Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 (SF36). No signi?cant effect was observed for physical function (IHT: 85.6±4.6 vs. 81.1±7.2; Control: 78.6±76.7±4.9), physical problems (IHT: 71.4±10.1vs. 83.9±8.1; Control: 73.8±8.2 vs. 64.3±8.0), general health (IHT: 56.1±3.7 vs. 57.1±1.9; Control: 54.3±1.6 vs. 57.6±2.1), pain (IHT: 23.6±4.6 vs. 30.7±5.8; Control: 32.9±4.5 vs. 31.9±4.3), social aspects (IHT: 46.4±3.6 vs. 50.0±2.3; Control: 48.8±2.7 vs. 48.8±1.7), emotional problems (IHT: 85.7±8.4 vs. 92.9±5.2; Control: 79.4±7.8 vs. 71.4±6.6), mental health (IHT: 61.7±2.8 vs. 58.0±2.5; Control: 54.5±2.4 ± 55.6±1.9), and vitality (IHT: 60.0±4.3 vs. 58.6±4.0; Control: 50.7±2.9 vs. 53.6±3.0) after 12-weeks of supervised IHT (p>0.05 for all). In conclusion, 12-weeks of IHT does not improve health-related quality of life in hypertensives. Therefore, in order to improve quality of life, other exercises should be an indicator for hypertensive patients.
COMPARAÇÃO DO NÚMERO MÁXIMO DE REPETIÇÕES EM SÉRIES MÚLTIPLAS ENTRE INDIVÍDUOS COM DIFERENTES TEMPOS DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA
Authors: Pedrosa Gustavo Ferreira , Lana Maria Carolina Barbosa , Ferreira Guilherme Silva Alves , Pedrosa Ricardo Ferreira , Dos Santos Marcos Henrique Rodrigues , Diniz Rodrigo César Ribeiro
Published: April 2020

O treinamento de força (TF) proporciona adaptações centrais e morfológicas que influenciam no processo de produção de força. Por isso é esperado que ocorram diferenças no desempenho de força entre homens com diferentes tempos de experiência no TF. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o número máximo de repetições realizadas em séries múltiplas entre indivíduos com diferentes tempos de experiência no TF. Vinte e dois homens foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tempo de experiência no TF.O Grupo Muito Experiente (GME) foi representado por homens com mais de 5 anos no TF. O Grupo Pouco Experiente (GPE) foi composto por homens com 1 a 6 meses de TF. Os grupos foram submetidos à realização do maior número de repetições em três séries a 80% de 1RM no exercício supino reto. Além disso, a duração média da repetição foi registrada e comparada em cada série. Na comparação estabelecida pela ANOVA mista (fator 1 = experiência, fator 2 = série), o número máximo de repetições foi diferente apenas apenas na primeira série (p = 0,02). Quanto à duração média da repetição, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos (p = 0,80). Conclui-se que o tempo de experiência no TF interferiu na realização do número máximo de repetições apenas na primeira série.
Influence of 4P Strategy on Organisation’s Performance: A Case on Bangladesh RMG Sector
Authors: Rashed Al Karim  , Wardha Habiba
Published: April 2020

The right 4P strategy empowers organisations to pursue their marketing objectives in the target markets and therefore achieve the organisational objectives. Proper implementation of the right 4P strategy ensures provision of the right product, at the right price, in the right place thus, confirms that resources are efficiently and effectively utilized. This study aims to investigate the impact of 4P strategies on organisation performance in the garments industry of Bangladesh based on CEPZ (Chittagong Export Processing Zone). McCarthy’s (1964) 4 P’s (such as product, price, place, and promotion) are considered as the elements of 4Ps in this study. Data was collected through survey where a structured questionnaire, containing 25 closed-ended questions, was used. A total of 180 respondents were selected conveniently for this survey. The data was analysed using SPSS 24.0 version. From the findings of the study it was found that product, place, price and promotional strategies significantly and positively influenced the organisation's performance. The findings suggest that by focusing on 4P strategy, the organizations can make better performance than their competitors. Eventually, few recommendations were offered for the garment industry.
Arteriovenous malformation presenting with epilepsy: a multimodal approach to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Soldozy Sauson , Norat Pedro , Yağmurlu Kaan , Sokolowski Jennifer D. , Sharifi Khadijeh A. , Tvrdik Petr , Park Min S. , Kalani M. Yashar S.
Published: April 2020

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) presenting with epilepsy significantly impacts patient quality of life, and it should be considered very much a seizure disorder. Although hemorrhage prevention is the primary treatment aim of AVM surgery, seizure control should also be at the forefront of therapeutic management. Several hemodynamic and morphological characteristics of AVM have been identified to be associated with seizure presentation. This includes increased AVM flow, presence of long pial draining vein, venous outflow obstruction, and frontotemporal location, among other aspects. With the advent of high-throughput image processing and quantification methods, new radiographic attributes of AVM-related epilepsy have been identified. With respect to therapy, several treatment approaches are available, including conservative management or interventional modalities; this includes microsurgery, radiosurgery, and embolization or a combination thereof. Many studies, especially in the domain of microsurgery and radiosurgery, evaluate both techniques with respect to seizure outcomes. The advantage of microsurgery lies in superior AVM obliteration rates and swift seizure response. In addition, by incorporating electrophysiological monitoring during AVM resection, adjacent or even remote epileptogenic foci can be identified, leading to extended lesionectomy and improved seizure control. Radiosurgery, despite resulting in reduced AVM obliteration and prolonged time to seizure freedom, avoids the risks of surgery altogether and may provide seizure control through various antiepileptic mechanisms. Embolization continues to be used as an adjuvant for both microsurgery and radiosurgery. In this study, the authors review the latest imaging techniques in characterizing AVM-related epilepsy, in addition to reviewing each treatment modality.
Unilateral prefrontal lobotomy for epilepsy: technique and surgical anatomy
Authors: Cossu Giulia , González-López Pablo , Pralong Etienne , Kalser Judith , Messerer Mahmoud , Daniel Roy Thomas
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Surgery for frontal lobe epilepsy remains a challenge because of the variable seizure outcomes after surgery. Disconnective procedures are increasingly applied to isolate the epileptogenic focus and avoid complications related to extensive brain resection. Previously, the authors described the anterior quadrant disconnection procedure to treat large frontal lobe lesions extending up to but not involving the primary motor cortex. In this article, they describe a surgical technique for unilateral disconnection of the prefrontal cortex, while providing an accurate description of the surgical and functional anatomy of this disconnective procedure.

METHODS

The authors report the surgical treatment of a 5-month-old boy who presented with refractory epilepsy due to extensive cortical dysplasia of the left prefrontal lobe. In addition, with the aim of both describing the subcortical intrinsic anatomy and illustrating the different connections between the prefrontal lobe and the rest of the brain, the authors dissected six human cadaveric brain hemispheres. These dissections were performed from lateral to medial and from medial to lateral to reveal the various tracts sectioned during the three different steps in the surgery, namely the intrafrontal disconnection, anterior callosotomy, and frontobasal disconnection.

RESULTS

The first step of the dissection involves cutting the U-fibers. During the anterior intrafrontal disconnection, the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the depth of the middle frontal gyrus, the uncinate fasciculus, and the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus in the depth of the inferior frontal gyrus at the level of the anterior insular point are visualized and sectioned, followed by sectioning of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Once the frontal horn is reached, the anterior callosotomy can be performed to disconnect the genu and the rostrum of the corpus callosum. The intrafrontal disconnection is deepened toward the falx, and at the medial surface, the cingulum is sectioned. The frontobasal disconnection involves cutting the anterior limb of the anterior commissure.

CONCLUSIONS

This technique allows selective isolation of the epileptogenic focus located in the prefrontal lobe to avoid secondary propagation. Understanding the surface and white matter fiber anatomy is essential to safely perform the procedure and obtain a favorable seizure outcome.
The effect of obesity on perioperative morbidity in oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Xi Zhuo , Burch Shane , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Mayer Rory Richard , Eichler Charles , Chou Dean
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Obese patients have been shown to have longer operative times and more complications from surgery. However, for obese patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery, these differences may not be as significant. In the lateral position, it is thought that obesity is less of an issue because gravity pulls the visceral fat away from the spine; however, this observation is primarily anecdotal and based on expert opinion. The authors performed oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and they report on the perioperative morbidity in obese and nonobese patients.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent OLIF performed by 3 spine surgeons and 1 vascular surgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, from 2013 to 2018. Data collected included demographic variables; approach-related factors such as operative time, blood loss, and expected temporary approach-related sequelae; and overall complications. Patients were categorized according to their body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and severe obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2.

RESULTS

There were 238 patients (95 males and 143 females). There were no significant differences between the obese and nonobese groups in terms of sex, levels fused, or smoking status. For the entire cohort, there was no difference in operative time, blood loss, or complications when comparing obese and nonobese patients. However, a subset analysis of the 77 multilevel OLIFs that included L5–S1 demonstrated that the operative times for the nonobese group was 223.55 ± 57.93 minutes, whereas it was 273.75 ± 90.07 minutes for the obese group (p = 0.004). In this subset, the expected approach-related sequela rate was 13.2% for the nonobese group, whereas it was 33.3% for the obese group (p = 0.039). However, the two groups had similar blood loss (p = 0.476) and complication rates (p = 0.876).

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity and morbid obesity generally do not increase the operative time, blood loss, approach-related sequelae, or complications following OLIF. However, obese patients who undergo multilevel OLIF that includes the L5–S1 level do have longer operative times or a higher rate of expected approach-related sequelae. Obesity should not be considered a contraindication to multilevel OLIF, but patients should be informed of potentially increased morbidity if the L5–S1 level is to be included.
Traction screws to reduce a bilateral pedicle fracture of L5: a case report
Authors: Kögl Nikolaus , Dostal Martin , Örley Alexander , Thomé Claudius , Hartmann Sebastian
Published: April 2020

Pedicle fractures are rare and usually associated with repetitive stress, high-speed trauma, osteoporosis, unilateral spondylolysis, or instrumentation surgery. A review of the current literature on bilateral pedicle fractures of the lumbar spine revealed only a few cases listed as a complication of instrumentation or excessive decompression surgery. The authors present the clinical case of a 49-year-old man with exacerbating low-back pain and intermittent L5 radicular pain. The known comorbidities were rather remarkable for systemic lupus erythematosus and osteopenia. Radiological investigations revealed an acute bilateral pedicle fracture of L5 without any evidence of preexisting spondylolysis. An off-label minimally invasive fracture reduction and fixation was performed using traction screws and intraoperative navigation. The patient reported instant pain relief and did not show any sensorimotor deficits at discharge. The postoperative CT scan revealed an ossification of the former fracture after 3 months, with great 1-year follow-up outcome. This is the first documented report on the effectiveness of traction screws used in a patient with bilateral pedicle fractures of the L5 vertebra. This minimally invasive technique represents a promising treatment option in selected cases by sparing segmental fusion.
Interneuron transplantation: a prospective surgical therapy for medically refractory epilepsy
Authors: Harward Stephen C. , Southwell Derek G.
Published: April 2020

Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance is central to epilepsy pathophysiology. Current surgical therapies for epilepsy, such as brain resection, laser ablation, and neurostimulation, target epileptic networks on macroscopic scales, without directly correcting the circuit-level aberrations responsible for seizures. The transplantation of inhibitory cortical interneurons represents a novel neurobiological method for modifying recipient neural circuits in a physiologically corrective manner. Transplanted immature interneurons have been found to disperse in the recipient brain parenchyma, where they develop elaborate structural morphologies, express histochemical markers of mature interneurons, and form functional inhibitory synapses onto recipient neurons. Transplanted interneurons also augment synaptic inhibition and alter recipient neural network synchrony, two physiological processes disrupted in various epilepsies. In rodent models of epilepsy, interneuron transplantation corrects recipient seizure phenotypes and associated behavioral abnormalities. As such, interneuron transplantation may represent a novel neurobiological approach to the surgical treatment of human epilepsy. Here, the authors describe the preclinical basis for applying interneuron transplantation to human epilepsy, discuss its potential clinical applications, and consider the translational hurdles to its development as a surgical therapy.
The Vivid Alphabet. Media and Mass Literacy in the Early Modern Military State
Authors: Goetselius Thomas
Published: April 2020

This article explores the connections between literacy, media technology and power in early modern Northern Europe. Designed as a genealogy of mass literacy, it suggests that the extremely successful literacy campaign in the kingdom of Sweden (dating back to 1686) was based upon a new kind of writing, a reshaped alphabetic technology, coterminous with a new technology of power, namely discipline, which originated in the army. At the same time, it argues that militarization of society, rather than consolidation of Lutheran faith, provides the pertinent context in which the take off of universal literacy in Northern Europe, and, consequently, in the West, must be interpreted. Thus it becomes possible to explain why mass literacy was first achieved in Sweden, a state of imperial ambition were military needs and military organization permeated every aspect of society.
Signer sous l'Ancien Régime colonial français : polysémie d'une pratique d'écriture ordinaire
Authors: Melançon François
Published: April 2020

During the twenty-first century, the signature has been raised as an archetypical unit of account for the literacy of a group in a particular place, at a particular time. It also has been used as an index of the impact of the school network on the transmission of basic literacy skills. Nevertheless, a signature is everything but an historical invariant. To sign is a polysemical act with a history. It is a common practice that is tied to the juridical discourse and is socially connoted. This article intends to present some thoughts, from the New France history, upon contexts that can add value to the signature and have contributed to the infiltration of the written culture into the North American French colonial society before 1760.
Implementing Integrated Education Policy for On-Reserve Aboriginal Children in British Columbia, 1951-1981.
Authors: Raptis Helen
Published: April 2020

In 1951, the Canadian government changed the Indian Act to allow for the integration of previously segregated on-reserve aboriginal children into the nation’s public schools. Although British Columbia’s first integration initiatives actually predate the 1951 legislative changes, most on-reserve children did not attend off-reserve public schools until after 1951. As elsewhere in Canada, British Columbia heralded the 1951 legislation with fanfare and optimism. However, three decades later the Union of BC Indian Chiefs issued a policy statement calling for alternative options for aboriginal children. This paper traces the province’s earliest integration initiatives until 1981. It illustrates a complex and dynamic implementation process that changed considerably over time. In particular, it demonstrates the difficulties provincial authorities encounter in attempting to leverage change at the level of individual learners.
Energy resolution and neutron flux of the 4SEASONS spectrometer revisited
Authors: Kajimoto Ryoichi , Nakamura Mitsutaka , Iida Kazuki , Kamazawa Kazuya , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Inamura Yasuhiro , Ishikado Motoyuki
Published: April 2020

The elastic energy resolution, integrated intensity, and peak intensity of the direct-geometry neutron chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) were re-investigated. This was done with respect to the incident energy and the rotation speed of the Fermi chopper using incoherent scattering of vanadium and simple analytical formulas. The model calculations reproduced the observed values satisfactorily. The present work should be useful for estimating in instrument performance in experiments.
FOLIAR SPRAYING OF DOSES OF BORIC ACID IN CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Mello Duarte Jéssica Rodrigues de , Basílio Scarlet de Aguiar , Silva Isabela Carolina , Moreira Elaine Gleice Silva , Pelá Adilson
Published: April 2020

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a species highly appreciated in Brazilian cuisine and of high nutritional importance due to the presence of vitamins, calcium, and iron. Leafy vegetables are considered nutritionally demanding as their cycles are relatively short and the lack of any essential element affects their growth, yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the response of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum L.) to foliar spraying of boron doses. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at The State University of Goiás, Campus Ipameri, in Ipameri-GO. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five boron doses applied by foliar spray (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 kg ha-1) using boric acid (17% of Boron) as the source. Fresh and dry matter of shoot and root and leaf boron contents were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and the effect of boron doses were evaluated by regression analysis. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of boron increases the boron content of coriander plants, and the fresh and dry matter of roots and shoots was not significantly increased.
MINERAL, PROTEIN, AND ENERGY SUPPLEMENTATION IN HEIFERS IN A NATIVE PAMPA BIOME PASTURE DURING WINTER
Authors: Malaguez Edgard Gonçalves , Gonçalves Thaís Lopes , Giudice Bibiana Bastos , Oaigen Ricardo Pedroso , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , De Azevedo Eduardo Bohrer
Published: April 2020

This study evaluated the effect of different supplements during winter on the performance of heifers in a native Pampa biome field using deferred grazing and evaluated the economic viability of each treatment. A total of 124 heifers from Brangus and Angus breeds, 18 months old, and with an average weight of 301.6 kg were included in this experiment. The treatments applied were: control with only native grassland, native grassland + 80P mineral salt treatment (MS), native grassland + protein salt treatment (PS), and native grassland + protein/energy salt treatment (PES). Besides the productive, botanical, and bromatological characteristics of the pasture, the average daily gain and the live weight gain per hectare were evaluated. The economic viability of the treatments was evaluated through partial budgeting. Weight loss was observed in all treatments. However, only the PES treatment differed from the others, with an average daily gain of -0.046 kg dia-1 (p value < 0.005). The MS treatment was the best regarding economic viability. Despite that, the smallest weight loss was observed in the PES treatment, which may be a determinant in the development and future performance of heifers. Despite the small net margin, this treatment did not incur additional costs to the system.