bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Challenges in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics: A Review
Authors: Bale Anura  , Desai Gaurav  , Khedekar Sumod  , Nayak Meghna
Published: April 2022

Ayurveda, the science of life is utilized for maintenance of health since ancient time. The main objective was to prolong lifespan of human subjects and also to maintain and promote their positive health and the same is the motto of Ayurveda science. Pharmaceutical branch in Ayurveda with more than five thousand permutation and combinations are used in day today practice for treatment of different ailments. This traditional medical system with established history of many centuries is becoming one of the most popular sciences with safety and efficacy. With increase demand of Ayurveda medicine and acceptance of Ayurveda in the entire world, there is requirement of modernization and use of advance techniques in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics. Now a day’s newly progressed branch known as Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to meet increasing demands of Ayurveda medicines and to tackle challenges faced during drug manufacturing. AI can be used to combine engineering principles into the drug development to overcome challenges faced in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics. This can be achieved through applicability of AI in the various sectors of Ayurveda pharmaceutics. An attempt has been made in this article to analyze challenges with probable solutions by using Artificial Intelligence for global acceptance of Ayurveda.
Concept of Hyperlipidemia in Ayurveda
Authors: Chiranjit Biswas  , Supriyo Chaudhuri  , Tapan Ghosh
Published: April 2022

Hyperlipidemia is a clinical terminology represents excessive tiers of fat or lipids in the blood, which consist of cholesterol and triglycerides. Hyperlipidemia can be inherited due sedentary life lead. As opposed to the excessive cholesterol hyperlipidemia consists of hypertriglyceridemia and high rise of triglyceride and cholesterol indicates mixed hyperlipidemia. Meda is a very crucial component included in the category of Dhatu. It may be correlated with fats or lipids in modern medical parameters. Meda Dhatu has an extensive role for various metabolic disorders like obesity, Diabetes Mellitus in phrases of Sthaulya, Prameha due to excessive deposition of Meda. Aims & Objective: Etiology, pathophysiology and principle management of hyperlipidemia with correlation to Meda Roga. It also highlights the role Ayurveda fraternity for the sake of early diagnosis and correct management of diagnosed case of hyperlipidemia or Meda Roga through Ayurveda. Materials & Method: The literal review carried out by collecting the literature and research finding from various classical and modern text book, online reports and online research articles in Google Search and PubMed Database. Results: Hyperlipidemia or Meda Roga is a burning issue with underlying critical pathology correlated to Medabaha Sroto Dusti, lead to serious illnesses and ultimately death. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia and Meda Roga in Ayurveda may be correlated. Hyperlipidemia stands for cardiovascular issues given that last decades as a result of lifestyle modification. Present study attempts to correlate the relation among lipids and Meda Dhatu
Biological Rhythms- An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Nishath M Ingalagi  , Mahantesh R Sajjanashetty  , G N Kannolli
Published: April 2022

A daily routine is essential to maintain health by bringing the fundamental changes required in body, mind, and spirit. An appropriate routine helps to establish the necessary structure for Human beings to maintain the equilibrium of Tridoshas. Biological rhythms like Circadian, Ultradian, and Infradian rhythms maintain the bodily functions regulating with an internal clock in a rhythmic way. Each Dosha exhibits diurnal variations. It also varies according to digestion phase and age. Age of the individual, Circadian rhythm and food intake are the basic factors that influence the physiology of the human body. Certain Environmental factors and bodily changes cause the Circadian rhythm to be out of sync, leading to many unhealthy conditions and are termed as Circadian rhythm disorder. A befitting routine has been described elaborately in the classical texts of Ayurveda in the form of Dinacharya, Ruucharya etc, which specifies out a daily, also as seasonal routine, for people to follow in order to enjoy optimal health and harmonious existence. The concepts mentioned in Ayurveda make us understand the best time for daily routines by keeping Doshic rhythms at an optimal level. Understanding the circadian rhythm in Ayurveda, causes for its derangement, its pathogenesis and ways to reset the circadian rhythm as mentioned in Ayurveda is needed to maintain health and to avoid present-day lifestyle disorders.
Prevalence of Diseases in Kallupurwa (Kursi) Area of Barabanki (UP) Lucknow
Authors: Amreen Fatima  , M.N.Khan  , Rafat Khanum  , Abdul Raheem  , Asim Ali Khan  , Vijay Bhan Singh  , Najmus Sehar
Published: April 2022

The village Kallupurwa (Kursi) is a village in district Barabanki, very closed to Lucknow the capital of Uttar Pradesh., where scheduled caste population dominate upper caste and Muslims. The village is more backward than expected and lack health facilities, education and employment. Due to these circumstances people fall prey to all types of infections and most people suffer from malnutrition and other complications. The Scheduled Cast Sub Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) program was initiated on the recommendation of Honorable Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi Ji, all over the country by the Ministry of AYUSH and Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Lucknow selected this village in 2019 and the mobile clinic programme began its function in the same year under the SCSP project. The work is still going on and the population of this village is receiving Unani Medical treatment for ailments like Arthritis, SualHadm, WajaulBadan, WajaulBatan, Bawaseer, skin allergy and other Non-Communical Disease (NCD) problems. The observation shows that people are satisfied with the SCSP project and demand to CCRUM to continue the project as long as possible.
Digital Mapping Algorithms to Estimate Soil Salinity in Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) Command area of India
Authors:   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Moharana P. C. , Dharumarajan S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Regional Centre, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Kumar Nirmal ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Pradhan U. K. ,   ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi -110 012, Jena R. K. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar -751 023, Naitam R. K. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur-440033, Kumar Sunil ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, New Delhi-110 012, Singh R. S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur-313001, Meena R. S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur-313001, Nogiya M. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur-313001, Meena R. L. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur-313001, Tailor B. L. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur-313001
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the distribution of salinity was investigated using digital soil mapping (DSM) algorithmsin 5 km buffer zone of both side of Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) canal system of Suratgarh tehshil in Rajasthan. To achieve this goal, 64 soil samples were used with 21 environmental covariates and 3 DSM algorithms. Result from the study showed that the difference between the minimum and maximum ECe is very high (35.55 dS m-1) in the different irrigation zone of IGNP canal system. The ECe ranged from 0.50 to 36.05 dSm-1. Results indicated that the most important environmental covariates were annual precipitation, elevation and valley depth. Among the DSM algorithms, RF model showed the best performance in predicting ECe at the regional level. Results showed that the RF algorithm could predict ECe with an R2, RMSE and MAE of 0.701, 3.367 and 1.722, respectively. RF and QRF showed similar performance in predicting ECe, while SVM showed lower efficiency than the other models in terms of R2 and prediction errors. Salinity prediction map shows that the vulnerability to soil salinity is high in Anupgarh branch of canal, and low in the IGNP main and Bikaner canal area. Furthermore, the model developed in this study provides comprehensive guidance for the land planners and decision makers to develop amicable strategies for management of IGNP canal system.
Assessment of Productivity, Energy Balance and Soil Fertility under Conservation Tillage in Soybean-Chickpea Sequence on Vertisols under Rainfed Condition
Authors:   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) 444 104, Patode R. S. , Gabhane V.V. ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) 444 104, Pandagale V. P. ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) 444 104, Ganvir M. M. ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) 444 104, Turkhede A. B. ,   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) 444 104, Pratibha G. ,   Division of Resource Management, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
Published: April 2022

Conservation agriculture is characterized by three principles which are linked to each other, namely; continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance, continuous organic soil cover, diversified crop rotations in the case of annual crops or plant associations in case of perennial crops. Excessive tillage of agricultural soils may result in short term increases in fertility, but will degrade soils in the medium term. Soil erosion resulting from soil tillage has forced us to look for alternatives and to reverse the process of soil degradation. The logical approach to this has been to reduce tillage. The experiment on conservation tillage was undertaken at AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. PDKV, during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The results indicated higher soil moisture status at various crop growth stages and highest yield of soybean and chickpea was observed in reduced tillage as compared to other treatments. It was also observed that reduced tillage has given higher net returns and B:C ratio of soybean and chickpea than other treatments. Reduced tillage with BBF and crop residue mulch helped in slight build up in organic carbon and available nutrients in soil. The average energy use efficiency (6.62) and energy productivity (2.98) was found highest in reduced tillage with BBF.
Mango-Growing Soils in Eastern India: West Bengal as Case Study
Authors:   National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Kolkata-700 091, Gangopadhyay S. K. , Bhattacharyya T. ,   Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415712
Published: April 2022

Mango-growing soils representing different agro-ecological sub-regions of West Bengal, India are very deep, well drained, and coarse-loamy to fine textural class in control section. They are moderately acid to slightly alkaline (pH 5.6 to 7.9), low to high in organic carbon (4.2 to 9.0 g kg-1), low to medium in CEC [6.2 to 26.8 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high in base status (58 to 86 %). Soil texture, drainage congestion and soil fertility (especially pH and organic carbon content) are the major contributing factors towards the sustainable cultivation of mango in lower Indo-Gangetic plains. The type and nature of clay plays a crucial role for the good growth and yield of mango. These soils also help to increase the SOC stock and thereby improving soil health and mitigating the green house gases from the environment. The area for mango cultivation can be turned into highly productive zone through integrated nutrient management practices including leguminous intercrops or cover crops.
Cross-Examining the Trainability Theory of Entrepreneurship as a Strategy against Unemployment in Kogi State Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria, Fabian ANOKE Amechi
Published: April 2022

Despite efforts by the government and policymakers in Kogi State Nigeria through entrepreneurship training aimed at reducing the rate and level of unemployment in the state, the outcome has continuously remained unimpressive. The study cross-examined the trainability theory of entrepreneurship as a strategy against unemployment in Kogi State, Nigeria. With a population of 910 registered entrepreneurs in the state, a sample of 278 respondents was drawn and used for the study. Regression was used to test the formulated hypothesis. The study recorded a strong and positive alliance between the trainability theory of entrepreneurship and employment level in Kogi State. It was concluded that the trainability theory of entrepreneurship is a strategy against unemployment in Kogi state Nigeria and recommended that active youths in Kogi State should be encouraged to constantly develop self, believing in their capabilities to exploit hidden entrepreneurial opportunities as this will reduce unemployment level to the barest minimum in Kogi State Nigeria.
University Instructors’ Perceptions about the Prominence of Culturally Responsive Teaching Pedagogy
Authors:   Moulay Ismail University, Flhs, Meknes, Morocco, Achamrah Mohamed
Published: April 2022

This qualitative study occurs in linguistically and culturally varied Moroccan higher educational contexts. It includes interviewing (10) University instructors from different universities in Morocco. The aim is to get their views and perceptions about the importance of implementing culturally responsive teaching pedagogy in their teaching methods and approaches to enhance learning opportunities for students from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. The notable objective of this study is to inaugurate an appropriate teaching pedagogy to teach students from varied backgrounds and to effectively satisfy the learning and teaching processes of these culturally and linguistically diverse students. The data collected from all the participants were studied and organized according to similarities and differences. The analysis of all instructors’ answers revealed their agreement that culturally responsive teaching methods and approaches are paramount to engaging culturally and linguistically diverse students in the classroom for more academic achievements.
Formation of Noble Morals through Development of Character Values in Early Childhood (Multi-Site Study at Tarbiyatul Athfal Kindergarten and Beruntung Jaya Kindergarten)
Authors:   Department, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin dan 70123 Indonesia, Barirah Alfi Zaida
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the formation of noble morals through character development in early childhood. A descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation were used. The study was carried out at Tarbiyatul Athfal Kindergarten Banjarmasin and Beruntung Jaya Kindergarten. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted in phases, including reduction, presentation, and conclusion with various findings. First, the formation of noble morals through character values in early childhood was influenced by habituation. Second, the noble morals in early childhood include religiosity, courtesy, honesty, independence, and discipline. Third, the religious, moral, and skill values were derived from the school’s vision and cross-site findings. Lastly, the formation of noble morals was strongly influenced by developing character values in early childhood, including parental support, school environment and infrastructure, and qualified teachers. However, less parental support, limited learning time, and the child’s condition inhibited noble morals.
Effects of the Financial Crisis of 2007/2008 on the Performance of the Cement Industry in Nigeria
Authors:   Nigerian College of Accountancy, Kwall, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria., Ashibudike Anyakwu Meshack
Published: April 2022

The study examined the effects of the financial crises of 2007/2008 on the performance of the cement industry in Nigeria. The study's objectives were to examine the effects of the financial crises on the profitability of the cement industry; and the Cost of production of cement in Nigeria. The study adopted an Ex-post facto research design and used secondary data collected from the audited annual reports of three (3) sampled cement companies from 2007 - to 2017. Data collected was analyzed using the Generalized Least Square statistical technique. Specific findings showed that financial crises have significant adverse effects on the profitability of cement companies and the Cost of cement production in Nigeria. The study recommended that cement companies look inwards for locally sourced raw materials to insulate their business from the vicissitude of international economic scenes.
Which Sector-Based Bank Lending Facilities can Contribute to Long-Term Economic Growth? : Indonesian Study
Authors:   Student of Economics and Development Department on Faculty of Economic and Business, State University of Malang (UM), Indonesia, Nurinda Mei Sulfia
Published: April 2022

Knowing which sector credit facilities can contribute to increasing economic growth in the long term in Indonesia, is the main objective of the research. This research uses secondary data as quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2019Q4. Using the VECM approach to identify long-term effects, equipped with structural analysis to determine the response to shocks as well as the resulting contribution. Overall sectoral bank credit facilities have a significant long-term impact on GDP, it was found, though of a different nature. The positive nature of credit facilities for the agricultural sector, wholesale and retail trade sector, and the transport, warehousing and communications sectors, while credit for manufacturing, construction, and financial intermediaries had the opposite impact. A credit shock for construction and financial intermediary sector loans responded positively in the long and short term, while credit for the manufacturing sector received the largest negative response. The largest contribution to economic growth came from manufacturing sector credit, financial intermediary sector credit, agricultural sector credit, and lastly, construction sector credit. Researchers suggest increasing credit allocations to agribusiness, discount and retail exchange, and the transport and communications sectors to meet long-term goals, while in the short term, maximizing the allocation of credit between the manufacturing sector, the financial intermediaries sector, and the transport and communications sector.
Estrategia para la derivación oportuna: experiencia en un centro de referencia en reumatología
Authors: García Salinas R. , Arturi P. , Giacomone D. , Girard Bosch M.P. , Magri S. , Martire M.V. , Arturi A.S.
Published: April 2022

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha reconocido la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de la artritis reumatoidea y las espondiloartritis. Aún existen barreras que impiden la derivación precoz de estos pacientes.Objetivo: Evaluar si existe un aumento significativo en el número de derivaciones al Servicio de Reumatología luego de implementar una estrategia de concientización a otros especialistas.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo.Resultados: Durante el primer período, el servicio realizó un total de 1027 consultas, de las cuales 130 fueron derivaciones. Las consultas efectuadas luego de la implementación del plan de derivación fueron 1199 con 202 derivaciones (17% IC 95 14,7-19); la diferencia entre ambos períodos fue estadísticamente significativa (p 0,003).Conclusión: La implementación de estrategias de derivación fue valiosa, puesto que encontramos un incremento en el número de derivaciones realizadas. Consideramos que estas intervenciones deben perdurar en el tiempo para mejorar el diagnóstico precoz.
Validación del índice Duruöz en una población argentina con esclerodermia
Authors: Duarte Vanesa
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue adaptar y validar el Indice Duruöz (ID) en una población argentina con esclerodermia.Métodos: Para la validación, reumatólogos tradujeron al español la versión original en francés. Para evaluar la validez constructiva se utilizó la escala global visual análoga del paciente (EVA), EVA para cada una de las preguntas de la misma actividad, el cuestionario de evaluación de salud (HAQ) y el Score modificado de Rodnan para evaluar la piel.Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerodermia. La correlación entre la puntuación total de ID y el EVA global del paciente fue de 0,58, con el HAQ fue 0,63 y con el Rodnan fue 0,08. El coeficiente de correlación entre el EVA y cada grupo de preguntas para la misma actividad en el ID, indicó buena correlación para las preguntas que se refieren a las actividades de cocina, así como para vestirse, de higiene, y para las preguntas de oficina. Se encontró excelente nivel de correlación con los ítems relacionados con las actividades de motricidad fina. La reproducibilidad fue de 0,88 y la confiabilidad de 0,98.
La resonancia magnética en el estudio de lumbalgia. Un análisis de la oportunidad perdida para el diagnóstico de espondiloartritis axial
Authors: García Salinas Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Describir las características de una población con lumbalgia estudiada por RM y analizar las características de los pacientes que cumplen criterios para ser derivados para estudio de EspA.Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, se incluyeron pacientes a quienes les fue solicitada RM para el estudio de lumbalgia. Se definió “población potencial para pesquisa de EspA” a los pacientes menores de 45 años con lumbalgia crónica. Análisis estadístico: se realizó el análisis descriptivo, test de Chi2 (categóricas) y test de Student o Mann Whitney (continuas). Análisis multivariado de regresión logística donde se consideró variable dependiente “Población potencial para pesquisa de EspA”.
El cartílago hialino y la ultrasonografía: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bertoli A.M.
Published: April 2022

Basado en la capacidad de permitir una visualización directa del cartílago y su patología, la ultrasonografía (US) ha comenzado a jugar un rol importante en enfermedades reumáticas que afectan este tejido. En la osteoarthritis y artritis reumatoidea, si la ventana acústica lo permite, es posible medir el cartílago tanto en articulaciones grandes como pequeñas, así como visualizar de manera directa el daño estructural. En las artropatías por depósito de cristales es de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico de gota y condrocalcinosis. La detección de cristales de urato monosódico por US es de especial ayuda en períodos intercríticos y en pacientes con hiperuricemia asintomática. Adicionalmente, es un estudio amigable para el paciente, seguro, no invasivo y libre de radiación ionizante. Este artículo examina la literatura publicada en relación a la utilidad y rendimiento de la US en el estudio del cartílago; también indica la necesidad de más estudios que permitan una adecuada estandarización de la técnica y que evalúen la sensibilidad al cambio del US en las patologías que comprometen el cartílago.
Nefritis lúpica y embarazo
Authors: Alba Paula
Published: April 2022

El manejo de nefritis lúpica (NL) en el embarazo representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico para los médicos. El embarazo produce una serie de cambios fisiológicos que afecta al sistema inmune y al riñón que pueden producir un incremento de la actividad de la enfermedad, así como resultados maternos y fetales adversos como preeclampsia, muerte fetal o parto pretérmino. El bienestar materno y fetal debe ser monitorizado por un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya obstetras, reumatólogos y nefrólogos.
Hemorragia alveolar difusa asociada a vasculitis ANCA positiva, manejo con plasmaféresis. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Herrera Escandón Álvaro
Published: April 2022

Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 43 años con vasculitis tipo ANCA con severo compromiso pulmonar por desarrollo de hemorragia alveolar difusa (HAD) e insuficiencia respiratoria. Debido al rápido deterioro clínico y pobre respuesta a inmunosupresores (ciclofosfamida y metilprednisolona) se le practicó plasmaféresis resultando en rápida mejoría, permitiendo la liberación en la ventilación mecánica y mejoría radiológica. En la actualidad se puede sugerir esta terapia en pacientes con diagnóstico de vasculitis tipo ANCA con compromiso pulmonary severo.
Clima familiar deportivo y nivel de actividad física en adolescentes (Sports family climate and the level of physical activity in adolescents)
Authors: Concha-Cisternas Yeny , Gomez Barbara , González Aylen   , Pasten Estefani
Published: April 2022

Se ha reportado que el nivel de actividad física (AF) de los adolescentes estaría influenciado por el clima familiar deportivoObjetivo: Analizar la relación entre el clima familiar deportivo y el nivel de AF en adolescentes. Métodos: La muestra de este estudio comprendió a 100 adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años. Se utilizó el cuestionario de Clima Familiar Deportivo y el cuestionario Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) para medir el nivel de AF. Para establecer el nivel de relación entre las variables se realizó una correlación de Pearson y se utilizó un coeficiente de correlación r. Además se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para establecer asociaciones. Resultados: Se obtuvieron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las dimensiones apoyo (p=0,001 r=0,46),  interés (p=0,018; r=0,236), comunicación (p=0,002; r=0,308) y educación (p=0,001; r=0,328) con el nivel de AF. No hubo asociaciones entre nivel de escolaridad de los padres con el nivel de AF de los adolescentes. Conclusión: Este estudio confirma que existe relación entre el clima familiar deportivo y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes de la muestra estudiada.
Abstract. Introduction: It has been reported that the level of physical activity (PA) of adolescents would be influenced by the sports family climate. Aim: To analyze the relationship between the sports family climate and the level of PA in adolescents. Methods: The sample of this study comprised 100 adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 years. The Sports Family Climate questionnaire was used and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) questionnaire to measure the level of PA. To establish the level of relationship between the variables, a Pearson correlation was performed and a correlation coefficient r was used to establish the level of correlation. In addition, the Chi square test was achieved to establish associations. Results: Statistically significant relationships were obtained between the support dimensions (p = 0.001 r = 0.46), interest (p = 0.018; r = 0.236), communication (p = 0.002; r = 0.308) and education (p = 0.001; r = 0.328) with the level of physical activity. There were no associations between the level of education of the parents and the level of PA of the adolescents. Conclusion: This study confirms that there is a relationship between the sports family climate and the level of physical activity in adolescents of the studied sample level of physical activity in adolescents.
Discussions on Tax-Exemption of Taiwan’s Non-Profit Organizations Based on Diverse Perspectives
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Hu Yi Tang , Peng San-Jung , Hsu Hui-Hsin
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Taiwan’s non-profit organizations (NPOs) have flourished in various service fields
and become a third party of concatenation with government and business
community. Numerous NPOs involve their activities in cross-organizational
cooperation with the governments and the private enterprises, and take important
roles and functions in our modern society. However, because of the fierce
competitions in market and the rapid social changes, NPOs are facing the same
management issues with profit making organizations, such as financial difficulties
or lack of resources. Therefore, this study aims to discuss whether or not NPOs
should be granted the benefit of tax-free or tax-exemption based on diverse
perspectives, such as subsidy argument, organization’s public welfare and nature
based on donatives theory, viewpoint of defining, measuring and assessing tax base,
altruism theory and sovereignty theory. This study combines the interview and
questionnaires to explore the issue on NPO management. A total of participants are
395 interviewees and amongst them, only 180 respondents have filled out the valid
questionnaires. In our conclusion, we find that people mostly agree the NPO’s taxexemption, and however, the degree of participants’ approval for donors’ income
and inheritance tax-relief is more than the degree of the NPOs itself.

JEL classification numbers: A10, D71, H51.
Keywords: Non-profit organization, Public welfare, Tax-exemption, Donation.
The History of The Creation of The Customary Law of Marriage and Divorce in The Natal Colony, Zululand and Kwazulu From 1869 To 1985
Authors: Mamashela Mothokoa
Published: April 2022

This contribution discusses the creation of an official, colonial version of the customary law of marriage and divorce in the Natal colony and Zululand by the colonial administration. Traditional African institutions, hereditary traditional leaders and their courts were replaced with magistrates and British officials at public and administrative levels. Customary law was codified, thus robbing it of its diversity, flexibility and dynamism. In traditional customary law a marriage was constituted in several ways: arranged, forced, woman to woman, sororate and levirate marriages occurred. However, the Natal colonial administration prohibited these types of marriages, viewing them as repugnant to the administration’s sense of morality and justice. A customary marriage was also family-centred and processual; it united two families and not only two individuals, and it took a long time to come into existence. This characteristic of a customary marriage was also drastically changed by the Natal colonial administration by removing it from the purview/control of the family to the individuals themselves in that the bride and groom were encouraged to choose their partners and to give their consent freely to their own marriage. Marriage and divorce were individualised and the couple’s families were gradually left out. The principle regarding irretrievable breakdown of a marriage was replaced with the guilt principle. In addition, five common-law grounds for divorce were introduced into the customary law of divorce, and the inquisitorial procedure was replaced with the adversarial one. Patriarchy, one of the tenets of customary law, was diminished through legislation that whittled down the excessive powers that fathers had over their children. The legislation sought to endow women and children with basic human rights and the gradual recognition of their property rights. Colonial administrative changes meant that polygyny and ilobolo were discouraged; that marrying more than one wife was seen as enslavement of women; and that the transfer of ilobolo was misinterpreted as the selling of women.
Mandatory Bail in Uganda: Understanding Article 23(6) of The Constitution In The Light Of Its Drafting History
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: April 2022

Article 23(6)(a) of the Ugandan Constitution of 1995 provides that an arrested person is entitled to apply to court for discretionary bail. If a person has been awaiting trial for a specified number of days, article 23(b) and (c) obligates a court to release him/her on mandatory bail. This contribution analyses more than one hundred judgments of the Ugandan courts to determine how the question of bail, especially mandatory bail, has been dealt with judicially. Since article 23(6) does not expressly provide for the right to bail, the Ugandan Constitutional Court has come to conflicting conclusions on the question of whether article 23(6) provides for the right to be released on bail; for the right to apply for bail; or for both the right to apply for bail and to be released on bail. Relying on the drafting history of article 23(6), the author argues that the intention of the Constituent Assembly was to provide for the right of arrested persons to be released on bail. Article 23(6) also provides for mandatory bail. However, in some decisions, the High Court held that the right to mandatory bail does not fall away the moment at which a person who qualifies for it in terms of article 23(6) is committed to the High Court for trial. Based on the drafting history and literal interpretation of article 23(6), it is submitted that the moment an accused’s trial commences in a subordinate court or when they are committed to the High Court, their right to mandatory bail falls away. In addition, the High Court has held that a person who qualifies for mandatory bail is required to prove exceptional circumstances before they can be released on bail. This contribution argues that no such burden of proof exists.
The Pirate as Hostis Humani Generis: The Illegitimate Enemy
Authors: Surbun Vishal
Published: April 2022

Alongside the widely accepted definition of maritime piracy, the phrase hostis humani generis or “enemies of all humankind” has been frequently used in piracy jurisprudence and scholarship. This contribution traverses the historical usage of the phrase in academic commentaries and finds that while a literal translation of the phrase has mostly remained the same over the centuries, there has been no consistent definition and contextualisation of the term “enemy”. In this context, the contribution then investigates whether the phrase is a reliable epithet, and whether it should be seen as part of the definition of “pirate”.
Raising the Yellow Flag: Legal Regulation to Contain the Spread of Smallpox and Other Contagious Diseases in The Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek
Authors: Wildenboer Liezl
Published: April 2022

Although the Cape had experienced frequent outbreaks of smallpox and other epidemics since the early eighteenth century, the first smallpox epidemic only started in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR) much later, in the 1890s. This contribution takes a closer look, first, at the regulation of the medical profession in the ZAR, and, secondly, at the government’s attempts to prevent the spread of the disease with the promulgation of the Contagious Diseases Law 12 of 1895. That law also attempted to prevent the spread of other diseases, such as syphilis and leprosy, although the latter would eventually be regulated in terms of the Leprosy Law 15 of 1897.
South African Maritime Skills Supply and Demand
Authors: Zimmerman Derek
Published: April 2022

The South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI) is engaged in answering the questions that centre around whether the country’s maritime skills supply matches the industry’s demand. The SAIMI commissioned a study1 to evaluate the maritime skills situation in South Africa, culminating in a final report in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall demand for maritime and ocean economy skills in order to grow the sector, and to determine whether there is adequate capacity within the skill supply framework to meet this demand. This exercise required an assessment of the anticipated demand and the current supply of skills capacity in South Africa, with any surplus or deficit being clearly highlighted. The author investigated a number of credible studies and international best practice examples within a framework supported by the latest skills data about the supply and demand dynamics in the maritime economy arena. It was found that South Africa is producing graduates with maritime-related qualifications in sufficient numbers, but not with the relevant types of skills required by the industry, which are mainly technical and professional maritime skills. A shift in emphasis is required to prioritise scarce, critical and future-proof skills for the growth of the maritime economy, with a particular emphasis on the maritime skills that will be needed in the context of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This work was presented to a representative platform of stakeholders in industry, academia and government at the SAIMI Forward Thinking Conference for Maritime Education and Training Excellence2 to review current maritime skills capacity against future demand and to consider collaborative and collective ways to close the skills gap. The outcome of the conference confirmed this report’s findings and recommendations to address these shortcomings. A focussed and driven programme is required within the South African maritime environment to align and accelerate all maritime education, research and skills enhancement to the market needs of the maritime sector, with the private sector directly involved throughout.
Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Sierra Leone
Authors:   A full-time lecturer in the Department of Economics and Commerce Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Ganawah Mohamed Ibrahim Justice , Koroma Alusine Borbson ,   A Graduate with BSc Hons in Economics, Department of Economics and Commerce, University of Sierra Leone
Published: April 2022

The study examines the nexus between financial sector development and economic growth in Sierra Leone over the period 1980-2018. The stationarity test result shows that the order of integration of variables included in the model was a mixture of I (0) and I (1). Therefore, the study employs the bounds testing approach to Cointegration and error correction models developed within the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework to explore the long-and short-run effects of financial sector development on economic growth. The study uses two different measures of financial development including, credit to the private sector and broad money. The study also investigates whether there are other determinants of economic growth. Evidence of short-run dynamics was found amongst the various financial development indicators and economic growth. The results showed that credit to the private sector and broad money influenced economic growth in the short-run. Again, inflation and government consumption expenditure were found to impede economic growth in the short-run. Contrarily, Gross capital formation and FDI were found to stimulate economic growth in the short-run. The study recommends that policy makers should take caution in the choice of financial development indicator as a policy instrument for the attainment of growth and development. Again on the basis of empirical evidence, policies to improve the accessibility of affordable credit by the private sector, including small and medium scale enterprises should be enforced
The Number of Antenatal Care Visits and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers at Sedie and Muja Primary Health Care Unit, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Fentie Tigabnesh Assfaw , Zewde Edgeit Abebe ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Admasu Fitalew Tadele ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Abebaw Sofonias ,   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Azanaw Melikalem Mamuye ,   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Yemataw Getaneh Atikilt ,   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Tiruneh Mulu ,   Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Ayenew Yeshiambaw Eshetie ,   Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, bante Berihun ,   Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Antenatal care is a means to identify high-risk pregnancies and educate women, Important for protecting healthy women and their unborn children. This study assessed the number of ANC and its associated factors among pregnant women in Sedie and Muja primary health care units. Methods: A total of 296 pregnant women, included in the current study. A multinomial logit regression analysis was employed to identify significant associated factors with a p-value<0.05. Result: Overall 56% of women had four or more ANC services during their pregnancy in Sedie and Muja primary health care unit.One time number of ANC service gestational age _at_ANC (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR)=1.23,95% CI= 1.07,1.40), three-time number of ANC (ARRR=0.77,95% CI=0.68,87), and four or more times number of ANC with (ARRR=0.71,95% CI=0.63,0.80). ununioned martial relation-ship (ARRR=3.14,95% CI=1.39, 5.02) were determinants for the number of ANC services. Conclusion: The accomplishment of four and above ANC services based on the recommended schedule remains low in Sedie and Muja health care units. Variables Gestational age and ununioned marital relationships were significant among pregnant women in this study
Indicações, riscos e benefícios da reposição de hormônios bioidênticos na menopausa: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Cabral Aléxia Alves , Torres Vanessa Manso , Ribeiro Janaína Henriques Sobrinho
Published: April 2022

RESUMOAtualmente, a terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) na menopausa está indicada na presença de sintomas vasomotores e síndrome geniturinária da menopausa e para prevenção da perda de massa óssea e menopausa precoce. Após serem demonstrados riscos cardiovasculares e tromboembólicos em mulheres em uso da TRH, iniciaram-se novas buscas por alternativas de reposição hormonal. Essa revisão objetiva pontuar as indicações da TH para mulheres na menopausa e discutir sobre a atualização das novas tecnologias de TH, tratando-se dos hormônios bioidênticos (HB). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada no intervalo de Outubro a Novembro de 2020, por meio do levantamento de evidências nos bancos de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed® e Scielo. Apesar da controversa envolvida na prescrição de HB na literatura, é irrefutável sua importância novo método terapêutico pós-menopausa, que vem sendo alvo de discussões e detém emergente necessidade de novos ensaios clínicos bem delineados. Diante disso, nota-se que a eficácia e segurança dos HB ainda estão em estudo e que, dentre as evidências já existentes, mostram-se associados à redução de efeitos colaterais, em comparação às TRH convencionais, e apresentam boa resposta clínica para os sintomas da menopausa. ABSTRACTCurrently, menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is indicated in the presence of vasomotor symptoms and menopausal genitourinary syndrome and for preventing bone mass loss and early menopause. After cardiovascular and thromboembolic risks were demonstrated in women using HRT, new searches for hormone replacement alternatives began. This review aims to point out the indications of HRT for women in menopause and discuss the update of the new bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT). This is a narrative review, carried out from October to November 2020, by means of the survey of evidence in the Google Scholar, PubMed® and Scielo databases. Despite the controversy in literature involved in prescribing BHT, its importance as a new post-menopausal therapeutic method is irrefutable, which has been the subject of discussions and has an emerging need for new well-designed clinical trials. Therefore, it is noted that the efficacy and safety of BHT are still under study and that, among the existing evidence, they are associated with the reduction of side effects, compared to conventional HRT, and have a good clinical response to symptoms of menopause.
Transfusão de sangue no Rio de Janeiro e em Salvador: a tecnologia na virada do século
Authors: Cunha Cristiane Silveira , Porto Fernando Rocha , Gomes Tatiana de Oliveira , De Souza Hugo Alberto Neves
Published: April 2022

A primeira transfusão de sangue realizada no Brasil ocorreu no ano de 1877, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.Com um intervalo de tempo de quase 38 anos, uma outra, só seria realizada em Salvador, Bahia, em 1915. Em ambas, foi necessária a utilização da tecnologia, para que os procedimentos pudessem ser realizados. No final do século XIX, o sucesso de uma transfusão de sangue dependia do arsenal tecnológico para aquela época, deste modo, o aparelho de Collin foi um dos mais utilizados. Já no começo do século XX, embora o uso de aparelhos para auxiliar as transfusões fosse necessário, o método utilizado para se evitar a coagulação do sangue, ganhou maior destaque – o uso do citrato de sódio.  O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar estas transfusões e os aparato tecnológico utilizado para a sua realização.
As fazendas na formação da paisagem cultural piauiense
Authors: Leão Melo Neuza Brito de Arêa , Machado Neli Galarce
Published: April 2022

O objetivo do artigo é discutir sobre os conceitos e referências norteadoras sobre a paisagem cultural, em especial a do Piauí, formada por núcleos rurais como as fazendas, de arquitetura peculiar, em consonância com os aspectos sociais, políticos, econômicos e culturais que a constituíram, a fim de contribuir para o entendimento, desenvolvimento, uso e valorização do ambiente rural na produção da paisagem cultural. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir para a produção de conhecimento; oferecer contributos para avaliação dessas políticas públicas, rurais e urbanas, setoriais e específicas, que resultam na preservação do patrimônio cultural edificado do ambiente rural, espaço dessa pesquisa. Esse estudo tem perfil exploratório e entende-se a pesquisa aqui defendida como aplicada, pois dedica-se à produção de conhecimento, em busca de ações para o melhor usufruto do meio ambiente.
Direitos Humanos e Cidadania: a capacidade civil das pessoas com transtornos mentais e o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência
Authors: Barison Mônica Santos , Fraga Amorim Úrsula Adriane , De Souza Bianca Viana , Freitas dos Santos Maria Eduarda , Martins da Silva Maria Eduarda
Published: April 2022

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa de iniciação científica cujo tema foi a relação entre os direitos de cidadania e a propositura de processos judiciais de curatela. O objetivo do estudo foi o de analisar as alterações processadas após a promulgação do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência no que se refere as motivações para o ajuizamento de processos de pedido de curatela de pessoas com transtornos mentais e as decisões judiciais proferidas. Foram estudados trinta processos de curatela que tramitam em uma das Varas de Família da Comarca de Volta Redonda, ajuizados de 2016 a 2019. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o uso de roteiro. Depuramos que as motivações para propositura dos processos bem como as determinações judiciais ainda expressam, em linhas gerais, saberes e práticas tradicionais acerca do reconhecimento da condição de cidadania da pessoa com transtorno mental, o que aponta para a necessidade de apreensão dos novos paradigmas postulados pela legislação em vigor.