bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioural entropy as an individual difference construct: Can shopping patterns predict sociopolitical outcomes?
Authors: Poon Neo , Goulding James , Skatova Anya
Published: October 2024

Utilising behavioural entropy as a tool to delineate individual disparities, we confront the complexities in analysing personality traits using digital traces and propose fresh insights into the determinants of sociopolitical behaviours. Through the aggregation of shopping data from 20,550,952 customers of a UK-based pharmacy chain, we calculated behavioural entropy values within each local authority area in the country, subsequently correlating them with personality traits, socioeconomic indicators, and the 2016 European Union referendum outcomes. Our results validate the utility of ‘shopping entropy’ as an operationalisable proxy for the Big Five trait Openness, indicative of individuals’ propensity for embracing varied experiences. Moreover, we established the predictive capacity of entropy regarding the UK Brexit referendum’s results and voter turnout, highlighting the coherence between stable individual inclinations manifested in everyday shopping behaviours and tangible sociopolitical decisions.
The use of Core Processes when applying Intervention Mapping
Authors: Crutzen Rik , Nalukwago Judith
Published: October 2024

Core Processes are a helpful and systematic way to address questions and a valuable planning framework, such as Intervention Mapping, poses the right questions.
Policies in sequential decision-making
Authors: Golowin Sergej , Duncan Niall W , Shaikh Faizan , Korn Christoph W.
Published: October 2024

Humans often need to make decisions that take future situations into account. This kind of sequential choice entails a trade-off between the present and the future, where decision-makers have to decide to accept or reject the currently available option. The approach-avoidance conflict, on the other hand, is a frequently used framework in psychology to study the behavioral trade-off regarding appetitive and aversive stimuli. This study investigates the influence of approach and avoidance conditions on sequential choice. Therefore, we developed experimental conditions in which participants should either approach or avoid environmental dangers in order to optimize their behavior. The main objective is to evaluate meta-decision making strategies under ecologically valid conditions. To accomplish this, we developed a game-like foraging paradigm with probabilistic outcomes where people could use different types of decision rules (or policies). While some policies would only account for one variable of our game environment, others would account for different variables depending on the time-point and the situation. Model comparisons allowed us to test whether participants would rely on a rather myopic/heuristic or a forward-looking policy. We then tested whether policies differed depending on our task’s approach and avoidance condition. Our findings suggest that people generally use a myopic strategy in sequential decision-making. However, we observe increased optimal behavior in situations where the environment bears higher dangers that should be avoided. We suspect the underlying mechanisms to be linked to an internal energetic trade-off between efficient and accurate meta-decision making depending on the risks imposed by the environment.
From surviving to thriving: How sleep, physical activity, and diet shape well-being in young adults
Authors: Conner Tamlin , Cooper Jack , Turner Robin
Published: October 2024

Healthy lifestyles are a cornerstone of optimal physical health, yet their contribution to optimal mental health is still an open question. This article investigated the relationships between three key health behaviors—sleep quality, physical activity, and dietary choices—and psychological well-being among young adults ages 18 to 25, a demographic known for disproportionately low levels of well-being. The research used three datasets: a cross-sectional survey (Study 1, N=1,032) and two daily diary datasets (Study 2, N=818; Study 3, N=236) of young adults living in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Multilevel regression analyses examined how these health behaviors simultaneously and synergistically predicted well-being at the between-person and within-person levels, while controlling for covariates such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms. Additionally, Study 3 incorporated wearable device-measured physical activity to supplement self-report measures. The findings highlighted better sleep quality as the strongest predictor of well-being across all three datasets, followed by fruit and vegetable consumption, with significant associations between these health behaviors and well-being observed at the between-person and within-person levels. Physical activity also emerged as a reliable predictor of well-being, mostly at the within-person level. The use of device-measured physical activity confirmed similar patterns, reinforcing the validity of findings. Pathways linking health behaviors to well-being were mostly additive, except for a buffering pattern observed at the within-person level indicating that higher fruit and vegetable intake could potentially mitigate the negative impact of poor sleep on daily well-being. This article underscores the importance of the “big three” health behaviors in well-being among young adults, offering insights for future health interventions to improve positive psychological functioning in this population.
The Experience of Individuals Filmed for Pornography Production: A History of Continuous Polyvictimization and Ongoing Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Donevan Meghan , Jonsson Linda S. , Svedin Carl Göran
Published: October 2024

Purpose: While research and public debate have increasingly focused on the effects of pornography consumption, the experiences of those filmed for pornography have been largely overlooked. This study aims to address this gap by examining the vulnerabilities and health risks faced by this population. Materials and methods: Individuals aged 18 and older filmed for pornography in Sweden were recruited to participate in face-to-face interviews. A total of 120 participants completed a combination of study-specific questions and standardized questionnaires on their background, experiences in pornography, and health status. Descriptive statistics were reported, and a regression analysis was performed to assess factors impacting PTSD severity. Results: Participants reported high levels of abuse both in childhood and during pornography production. Nearly all participants had experienced sexual abuse (88%), psychological abuse (90%), and physical abuse (79%) as children. This pattern of victimization continued into their involvement in pornography, where they were subjected to further abuse and exploitation, including verbal abuse (87%), rape (65%), physical assault (56%), third-party control (56%), and online harassment (57%). The consequences of this continuous polyvictimization were significant: 83% exhibited clinically significant PTSD, 69% had attempted suicide, and 80% had been diagnosed with at least one mental health problem. Our regression analysis found that childhood abuse, third-party control, and online violence were significant predictors of PTSD severity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive legal, social, and mental health interventions to protect this highly vulnerable population and address the unique harms stemming from being documented in pornography.
Impact of teleretinal screening program on diabetic retinopathy screening compliance rates in community health centers: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ha Sierra , Gilbert Joshua , Le Erin , Ross Connor , Lorch Alice
Published: October 2024

Background:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness, with inadequate screening rates even in urban areas with high concentrations of medical professionals. While medical guidelines recommend annual diabetic retinopathy screening for patients with diabetes mellitus, adherence to these recommendations remains suboptimal. This study evaluates the impact of a novel teleretinal DR screening program on screening compliance across urban community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods:We conducted a quasi-experimental study comparing DR screening compliance between intervention and comparison community health centers before and after implementing a teleretinal screening program. Participants included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus with primary care providers at the studied sites. We defined compliance as completion of either teleretinal screening or a documented eye care professional examination within the previous 365 days. Monthly compliance rates were analyzed using two-way fixed effects regression and event study techniques.Results:The study included 10,247 patients with diabetes mellitus who received care at six participating sites, generating 222 monthly compliance rate estimates. Baseline compliance rates before implementation ranged from 25% to 40% across sites. The two-way fixed effects regression analysis revealed that the screening program significantly increased DR compliance rates by an average of 7.2 percentage points (p < 0.001). Event study analysis showed positive effects across all sites, though the initial improvement tended to diminish over time.Conclusions:Implementation of a community-based teleretinal DR screening program significantly improved compliance with annual screening guidelines in urban communities. These findings support the broader adoption of teleretinal screening as an effective strategy for preventing DR-related vision loss in vulnerable populations. Further research is needed to assess long-term clinical outcomes and optimize program sustainability.
Evaluation of artistic inspiration by biodiversity in lyrics of Japanese popular songs
Authors: Ishii Naohiro
Published: October 2024

Cultural ecosystem services are non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems; yet the indirect inspirational values of biodiversity, including both ecosystems and biological organisms, in creative literary works remain underexplored. This study investigated occurrences of biodiversity in the lyrics of Japanese popular songs based on monetary estimation, as an exploration of the inspirational value of biodiversity. I analyzed the lyrics of the top 50 songs from the Japanese CD singles chart over 22 years (1999–2020), extracting nouns related to ecosystems and organisms. The extracted words were classified into ecosystems and taxonomic groups, and the total sales amount of songs related to each class was calculated. Statistical analyses compared the occurrences and total sales amounts of songs containing biodiversity. Finally, I investigated the effect of richness of ecosystems and biological organisms within a song on its sales amount, using generalized linear mixed modeling to assess the prevalence of songs inspired by biodiversity. Out of 1,100 songs, 403 songs included references to ecosystems or biological organisms, with plants being the most frequently mentioned. Ecosystems that are familiar to Japanese people and biological organisms which they frequently encounter in their cultural and daily lives contributed to aesthetic inspiration in the lyrics of Japanese popular songs. Most importantly, I indicated that the existence of a single biological organisms within a song lyric can enhance its sales amount, namely prevalence to people. My result implies that the inclusion of a less well-known biological species within a song can indirectly inspire people, increasing recognition and willingness to conserve it.
Differentiation of dissociative psychosis, delirious mania and unspecified dissociative disorder in an adolescent case: a case report
Authors: Çankaya Asya , Tufan Ali Evren
Published: October 2024

Dissociative psychosis is, it is a condition that usually occurs after a trauma, when psychotic and dissociative symptoms occur together.In this process, disorganized behaviors increase, insight is lost, and hallucinations become worse.It usually results in sudden improvement over a period of several days to several weeks and most patients remain amnesic into the dissociative psychosis phase. A sixteen-year-old female adolescent was brought in with severe manic and psychotic complaints that started suddenly a week ago.In-mental-status-examination; her associations, thought content and perception examination were particularly striking.During-the-hospitalization-process, passivity, delusional delusions of misidentification, and disorganized speech and behavior were also observed.The adolescent, whose complaints regressed in the fourth week, was amnesic during the episode.This study aims to present the differential diagnosis and treatment process of dissociative psychosis, delirious mania, and unspecified dissociative disorder in an adolescent female.
FEATURES OF THE PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS FOR WORK IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Makarchuk Viktoriya
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the specifics of training future teachers to work in preschool education institutions in terms of requirements for their professional activity. It was established that the future teachers of the preschool education institution, first of all, need to work with parents, since the closest environment of the child is the family. Certain aspects of the activities of future educators are disclosed, in which they should pay attention to the individual determination of children’s physical load. The possibilities of the preschool education institution in building its functioning in the direction of modernity, its relations with the surrounding society are revealed. It was established that in order to prepare the future teacher for interaction with the micro-environment of the preschool education institution, it is necessary to teach him to apply various directions of the organization of the innovative institution. It has been proven that the training of future educators can be effective on the basis of knowledge of modern principles of development and formation of a healthy lifestyle for children and parents. The necessity of training future educators to ensure the psychological safety of children during their stay in a preschool institution is revealed. The ability to clearly distinguish personal traits and peculiarities of a child’s mental state, to diagnose signs of children’s stress state, has been established. The main forms and methods of work of future educators regarding the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle in preschool children have been determined. The principles of openness-closedness, which future educators should follow in their professional activities, are revealed. The main trends in the training of future preschool teachers have been established, which are related to the creation of a full-fledged space for the child’s development and the organization of comprehensive support for the individual development of preschool children. In the preparation of the future educator, special attention is paid to the personality of each child as the highest social value of society, instructions are given for the formation of a citizen with high intellectual, moral and physical qualities. This involves the creation of prerequisites for the development of activity, initiative and creativity of pupils and teachers, their interested interaction, as well as broad public participation in the management of preschool education.
FEATURES OF THE USE OF THE TERMS “OVERSEAS STUDENT”, “FOREIGN STUDENT” AND “INTERNATIONAL STUDENT” IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Svyrydiuk Olha
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of using the terms “overseas student”, “foreign student” and “international student” in various educational and cultural contexts. It was found that British scientists prefer to use the term “international student”, because it better reflects the realities of globalization, internationalization and student mobility, which meets the modern needs of educational institutions and the international community. It is emphasized that the term “foreign student” remains the dominant term in Ukrainian education due to its legal certainty and established practice, however “international student” is also gradually coming into use, especially in the context of European integration and educational exchanges. Analysis of the use of the terms “foreign” and “international” student on the example of the British Council and HESA shows how important is the correct definition of students in international education statistics. A change in the HESA counting methodology in 2009, when students were classified by nationality rather than place of residence, revealed a significant difference in the number of international students in the UK (a difference of 32%), highlighting the extent to which counting methodology can influence research outcomes and state policy.
La Instrumentalización del Derecho Internacional mediante el uso del ámbito legal: El caso de Marruecos
Authors: Fonseca Lindez Ignacio , Miró Colmenárez Pablo Javier
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El presente artículo se centra en analizar cómo Marruecos hace uso de la instrumentalización del Derecho Internacional, de las amenazas híbridas y de las tácticas de Zona Gris para impulsar sus aspiraciones geoestratégicas en su área geográfica colindante sin necesariamente hacer uso de la fuerza. Metodología: Para la realización de este artículo se ha empleado un estudio de caso. Resultados: El artículo expone los desafíos complejos que supone para el derecho internacional contemporáneo en general, y para el Reino de España en particular, que un actor estatal utilice todos los mecanismos a su disposición para socavar la soberanía establecida y modificar el statu quo en las relaciones internacionales. Discusión: Para ello, se plasma las tácticas empleadas por Marruecos contra los territorios españoles en suelo africano y se pretende mostrar la dificultad que supone para el estado español defenderse del intento de cuestionar y erosionar, a lo largo de los años, la soberanía española sobre dichos territorios. Conclusiones: Finalmente, a través de este artículo se pretende mostrar la complejidad que supone para un Estado que se opere en su contra en un espacio ambiguo, utilizando medidas que generan confusión y desestabilización diseñadas para evadir una respuesta militar directa.
ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ЯК УМОВА РОЗВИТКУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА
Authors: Бойчук Віталій , Ковальчук Ольга , Уманець Володимир
Published: October 2024

The article considers the importance of using modern technical means, which significantly improves the learning process. Ways to solve the problem of using modern information and communication technologies at various stages of the future teacher's professional activity are outlined. The subject specifics of the future teacher's professional activity make it possible to use modern communication tools at various stages of project implementation, combining technical tools with the latest educational technologies. Methodological features of ICT application during information search, project development, its assessment and self-assessment are highlighted. Variants of the appropriate use of publicly available computer programs and means of communication are offered in order to increase the professionalism of project implementation, optimize feedback between the teacher and subjects of study, and an innovative approach in the performance of complex tasks. It has been proven that the training of future teachers is effective on the basis of ICT (programming languages, ready-made software products, the Microsoft Office program package, cloud services, Internet resources, WEB-site), implemented in the educational process of special and psychological-pedagogical disciplines. The task of implementing ICT is to make the use of these technologies common and familiar in the activity of the teacher and become an integral, organic part of any lesson. At the same time, digital technologies also help in the implementation of scientific research work and guide students to practical activities. The results of the analysis of professional education in Ukraine and European countries show that digital educational technologies are the basis of the training of modern future teachers. The article notes that the process of personality development of the future teacher and his professional thinking increases the level of professional maturity, so he needs to realize the importance of using digital educational resources in his work.
An Exploration on The Construction Management Failures in Ongoing Projects of The Kabul City
Authors: Sharif Mohammad
Published: October 2024

The construction industry is known for its chronic problems of fragmentation, low productivity, time and cost overruns, poor safety, inferior working conditions, and insufficient quality which ultimately led to project failure and poor construction images. A project becomes a failure when it does not deliver what was required within the agreed-upon budget and time. The majority of projects are temporary efforts to create value through a unique product, service, or result. Almost all projects have a beginning and an end. They have a team, a budget, a schedule, and a set of expectations the team needs to meet. Each project is unique and differs from routine operations and the ongoing activities of the organization. The project of an organization reaches a conclusion once the goal is achieved. The purpose of construction project management is to control a project's time delivery, cost, and quality, and it requires professional management to decrease failure factors. This study covers the construction project management failures and their causes during and after the construction and focuses most on the critical factors that cause the failure of construction projects in Kabul city. Two types of methodologies have been used which will allow the researchers to dive deep and get more information regarding flaws and failure causes, especially with the help of root cause analysis that has made the research more effective. Cost control, scheduling, procurement, and risk assessment have been reported as significant issues that must be addressed in the complicated discipline of construction project management.
Keywords: Construction management failure, Budget, Fragmentation, Project delivery
Advance Multi-Gas Detection System for Optimal Safety
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Hanif Yousufzai Muhammad Hanif , Ahmadzai Safiullah
Published: October 2024

Indoor air quality is a growing concern, particularly the concentration of carbon dioxide
(CO2) and other hazardous gases, which can pose significant health risks and diminish
safety. Recognizing the critical nature of this issue, this paper detailsthe development of
an advanced environmental monitoring system designed to detect elevated levels of CO2
and other potentially dangerous gases. Our approach synthesizes various research
methods, including requirement gathering, literature review, and user surveys, to inform
system conception and implementation. The resulting device integrates highly sensitive
sensors for CO2, CO, LPG, smoke, and additional hazardous gas detection, all governed
by a microcontroller at the system's nucleus. This technology is augmented by a
comprehensive alarm strategy—encompassing audio alerts, text messages, emails, and
mobile application notifications—together with a user-friendly display interface. The
system is also endowed with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities, offering users the
convenience of real-time monitoring and control through a web dashboard and a
dedicated mobile application. Moreover, the device boasts the ability to monitor
environmental parameters like temperature and humidity, providing a holistic view of
indoor air conditions. Key results indicate a significant improvement in detection
response time and accuracy, with the enhanced communication features facilitating swift
and effective alerts to users. These advancements mark a stride toward safer indoor
environments, potentially mitigating the risks associated with poor air quality.
Regulation on Post-Graduate Degree Programs: A Critical Legal Analysis
Authors: Seddiqi Khawaja Jamshid
Published: October 2024

One of the indicators of countries' development is experienced and specialized human capital. It is settled that Afghanistan requires qualified and professional cadre able to
manage both government and private sector since it is neither possible nor reasonable to rely on foreign brains for a longer period of time. Based on this fact, the Law on Civil
Higher Education, 2015 permits offering post-graduate degree programs in public and private institutions of higher education, however, it provides that the manner of
establishing such programs and their operation shall be governed by a Regulation. Hence, the Regulation on Post-Graduate Degree Programs was adopted in 2018. This
study, adopting a critical analytical method, evaluates the Regulation's substance and structure, highlighting hurdles that are posed for the private institutions of higher
education. This paper finds out that the Regulation provides stronger control of the public universities in decision-making and discourages positive competition between the public and private institutions of higher education. In addition, some provisions in the Regulation are impractical for private higher education institutions. For instance, it mentions designations (such as Pohanwal), while the Ministry of Higher Education has not so far ranked faculty members serving in private institutions. Therefore, the research concludes, it is essential to modify the Regulation in order to resolve substantive and structural problems, and provide for equitable share in decision making to private institutions.
Keywords: Afghanistan, Higher Education Institutions, Post-Graduate Programs.
Guidelines on Quality Assurance Framework of the Ministry of Higher Education: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Darman Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2024

Higher education is one of the most significant factors for the development of the nations and its quality assurance has changed into an important matter in higher education management and Afghan higher education is no exception. This Analytical-Descriptive research has been conducted in a “Critical Implementing Manner” based on “structural and tasks guidelines of capacity building programs”. On account of the effective legal and executive measures for quality assurance, there seem to be challenging on the way. The research finds out; legal challenges; lack of binding legal instruments, the existence of institutions with vague and parallel duties, lack of an independent monitoring body from the quality assurance process, lack of hearing complaints created in the process, and executive challenges; the existence of vague and general standards in the checklists, short term turnover of the checklists, a dependent combination of the assessing committees, lack of accurate need evaluating procedure for defining standards and drafting the checklists and finally lack institutionalized quality promoting culture are the reasons disturbing it to reach the targets for the quality assurance of the higher education in the country.
Keywords: Afghanistan, Quality Assurance, Legal Challenges, Execution Challenges
Role of Judge in Dissolution of Marriage through Khul : Fiqhi and Legal Analysis
Authors: Hatam Fahima
Published: October 2024

دا څېړنه د جمهورو فقهاوو د هغه قول په اړه بحث کوي چې وايي که چېری مېرمن د خلع غوښتنه وکړي او
مېړه یې موافق نه وي قايضصالحیت نه لري چې د مېړه له موافقې پرته د هغوی تر منځ په جداوالی او تفریق
حکم وکړي .پدې بحث کې دا موضوع د سورت بقرې د ۲۲۹ او سورت نساء د ۳۵ آیتونو، د خلع د لومړۍ
قضیې په اړه د پیغمربصلى الله عليه وسلم د فیصلې، او د خلفاء راشدینو د فیصلو په رڼا کې څېړل کیږي، د مالکی مذهب
فقهاء پدې نظر دي چې په خلع کې د زوجینو تر منځ د تفریق او یا نکاح د دوام په اړه د هغه حکامنو فیصله
چې د قايضیا دولت له خوا د زوجینو تر منځ د اختالف د حل لپاره ټاکل کيږي معتربه ده زوجین د هغوی له
فیصلې رسه موافق وي او که نه .پدې اړه د افغانستان د مدنی قانون احکام هم د مالکي فقه پر بنسټ والړ دي
.او د نکاح په انحالل کې د حکامنو نظر او د قايضصالحیت معترب ګڼي
The Crime of Abortion in Afghan Criminal code vis-a-vis Islamic Law
Authors: Fazelyar Abdullah
Published: October 2024

د اسالمي رشیعت له مقاصدو څخه یو هم د انسان د ژوند ساتنه ده، د انسان د
ژوند له لومړیو مراحلو څخه هغه د جنین مرحله ده چې په اسالمي رشیعت او د
افغانستان جزا کود کې ورته ځانګړې پاملرنه شو ې، دا څېړ نه د توصیفی او تحلیيل
میتود څخه په ګټه اخیستو د اسالمي رشیعت او جزا کود په ړ نا کې د یادې مرحلې
احکام او پروړ اندې یې د تجاوز مجازات په ګوته کوي.داسې ښکاري چې دې
مرحله کې انسان لومړۍ نطفه وي بیا علقه بیا مضغه بیا هډوکۍ بیا ورته غو ښته
وراغوستل کیږي، د قرآن کریم، صحیح احادیثو او طب علاموو د نظرپر بنسټ په
جنین کې وروسته له ۴۰ ور ځو روح پو کیږي، او له منځه وړ ل یې که د درملو په
خوړ لو،جراحي عملیات او او یا هم بله کومه الره وي اجهاض بلل کیږي او د
اسالمي رشیعت له لحاظه حرامه کړ نه او د قانون له لحاظه جرم دی، او مرتکب
یې که هغه مور، متخصص داکرت او یا هم کوم بل څوک وي د رشیعت له لحاظه
د غره او کفار ې په ورکولو رسه له میراث څخه محرومیږي او د قانون له لحاظه د
حاالتو پر توپیر رسه په طویل حبس، متوسط حبس او یا نقدي جریمه باندې
محکومیږي، چې استثناء یې یواز ې د مورد ژوند ساتنه ده چې جنین له منځه وړ ل
..مباح کوي
Layanan Konseling Kelompok Teknik Self Managament dalam Mereduksi Intensitas Penggunaan Smartphone
Authors: Febriyanti Lola , Muyana Siti
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling services self-management techniques to reduce the intensity of smartphone use. This type of research is an experimental research with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling with 6 students. Based on the paired test results, the t test sample showed the results that t-count (6.564) ≥ t-table (2.015), this shows that group counseling services, self-management techniques have proven effective in reducing the intensity of smartphone use in students. Furthermore, for teacher recommendations, guidance and counseling, schools can implement and develop group counseling, self-management techniques as an alternative strategy to reduce the intensity of smartphone use.
Temperature Dependence of Magnetization and Exchange Interaction in Amorphous Fe–Ni–Si–B Alloys
Authors: Sapovsky I. M. , Ilyin N. V. , Кrainova G. S. , Rakhmatullaev T. R. , Tkachenko I. A. , Plotnikov V. S. , Pinchuk К. Е. , Frolov А. М.
Published: October 2024

The temperature dependence of the magnetization of rapidly quenched amorphous Fe–Ni–Si–B alloys was studied by the magnetometry method. The Curie temperatures were determined, and the exchange interaction parameters was calculated: the constants of spin-wave stiffness and exchange stiffness, the root mean-square range of the exchange interaction. The nearest neighboring distance between transition metal atoms was estimated based on the magnetic characteristics.
Resonance Enhancement of the Faraday Effect in a agnetoplasmonic Composite
Authors: Tomilin S. V. , Karavaynikov A. V. , Lyashko S. D. , Milyukova E. T. , Tomilina O. A. , Berzhansky V. N.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect in a magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, caused by localized plasmon resonance (LPR) in metal nanoparticles. The nanocomposite comprises a three-layer structure of self-assembled gold nanoparticles in a bismuth-substituted iron-garnet matrix. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect is determined by the action of a magnetic field on the magnetoplasmonic composite as an effective medium as a whole. In this case, in the magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, the Faraday effect is enhanced at the LPR wavelengths and is slightly weakened in the region of short wavelengths relative to the LPR. It is theoretically shown that the complex gyration index in the off-diagonal terms of the effective permittivity tensor for the magnetoplasmonic composite, in addition to rotation of the polarization plane, leads to the appearance of alternating ellipticity in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance, which is observed in the form of asymmetry of magneto-optical rotation.
Simulation of the Evolution of Phase Composition and Austenite Grain Size upon Multi-Pass Hot Deformationof Low-Alloy Steels
Authors: Gorbachev I. I. , Korzunova E. I. , Popov V. V. , Khabibulin D. M. , Urtsev N. V.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents a model for predicting the structural characteristics and phase composition of low-alloy steels upon hot rolling in the multi-pass deformation mode. The model considers recovery, dynamic, primary, dynamic and static recrystallization of grains, and the normal grain growth, as well as nucleation (including accelerated nucleation during deformation), growth or dissolution, and coarsening of carbonitride particles. The comparison between the calculated results and the experimental data available in the publications shows a satisfactory agreement.
Formation of Structural-Phase State and Elastic and Durometric Properties of Biocompatible Cold-Rolled Titanium Ti–Nb–Zr-Based Alloys during Aging
Authors: Korenev A. A. , Illarionov A. G. , Karabanalov M. S.
Published: October 2024

The methods of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microindentation are used to study the effect of alloying with zirconium (within 3 to 6 at %) and complex Zr + Sn and Zr + Sn + Ta additions on the evolution of the structure, phase composition, and properties (effective modulus of elasticity, hardness, and wear-resistance parameters) of quenched biocompatible β-titanium (at %) Ti–6% Nb–% Zr, Ti–6% Nb–% Zr, Ti–6% Nb–% Zr, Ti–6% Nb–% Zr–% Sn, and Ti–6% Nb–% Zr–% Sn–0.7Ta alloys during aging (at 400°C for 4, 16, and 64 h) after multipass cold rolling with a total degree of strain of 85%. As compared to the quenching, the cold rolling of the studied Ti–b–r alloys is shown to suppress the occurrence of the β → ω transformation in the course of aging and to favor the acceleration of the decomposition of β solid solution with the formation of nonequilibrium αl phase in the course of aging. The increase in the zirconium content from 3 to 6 at % in the cold-rolled ternary Ti–6% Nb –х% Zr alloys and introduction of complex Zr + Sn and Zr + Sn + Ta additions to the Ti–6% Nb alloy instead of only zirconium addition hinder the decomposition processes of the β phase during aging; this impacts the intensity of variations of the effective modulus of elasticity and microhardness. The aging of the cold-rolled alloys under study was found to allows us to obtain the higher values of the parameters H/Er and (Н is the hardness and Er is the resolved modulus of elasticity) associated with the wear resistance as compared to those for the widely used medical Ti–Al–V alloy. The compositions of the alloys and conditions of their treatment are determined, which allow us to obtain the combination of the highest-level properties.
Fatigue Resistance of the Sheets of Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloys
Authors: Kalienko M. S. , Popov A. A. , Volkov A. V. , Leder M. O. , Zhelnina A. V.
Published: October 2024

The results of a study of the resistance to fatigue fracture of sheets made of heat-resistant titanium alloys VT18U (Ti–6.5Al–4.3Zr–2.4Sn–0.8Nb–0.7Mo–0.1Si, wt.%), VT8 (Ti–6.4Al–3.4Mo–0.3Si, wt.%), and VT25U (Ti–6.51Al–3.76Zr–1.71Sn–3.94Mo–0.5W–0.13Si, wt.%) has been presented. Fatigue curves have been obtained in the initial state and in the oxidized one after isothermal annealing at a temperature of 560 °C for 1000 h in air. It has been established that after annealing, the fatigue resistance of all oxidized alloys in the low-cycle region decreases by an order of magnitude. The fatigue limit of the oxidized alloys VT18U and VT25U does not change and is about 320 MPa. The high-cycle fatigue limit of the VT8 alloy decreases from 300 MPa in the initial state to 230 MPa in the oxidized state. It has been established that after annealing, the phase composition of an oxide of 250 nm in thickness on the surface of the alloys is different and contains the phases of anatase and rutile for the VT18U and VT25U alloys and contains predominantly rutile for the VT8 alloys, which is why the fatigue limit of the oxidized alloys differs.
АНАЛІЗ ТА НАПРЯМИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ У СФЕРІ СТІЙКОСТІ БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ КРИЗИ
Authors: ДОМБРОВСЬКА Наталія , ГУРИН Віталій
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is the process of maintaining viability and ensuring the development of enterprises in crisis conditions. It was established that for such purposes, the formation and implementation of tools and means of anti-crisis management, aimed at strengthening the stability of the business entity in crisis conditions, becomes critically relevant. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a crisis caused by a full-scale war, the emphasis and prerogatives in the management of sustainability change for the sake of stability and orderliness of the functioning and development of economic entities. It is additionally argued that in crisis situations, the focus of attention shifts from issues of high efficiency to the task of preventing challenges and threats, when the subject of attention is the economic security of business, the relevant mechanisms and tools for ensuring it. Based on these principles, the purpose of the study is to analyze and identify directions for improving the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of business sustainability in crisis conditions. The implementation of the specified goal made it possible to develop a complex of means of improvement and development of anti-crisis management systems of domestic enterprises. According to the results of the survey of managers of domestic enterprises, their low activity in the field of business sustainability management and the concentration of measures in this field mainly only on monitoring the financial and economic condition of the enterprise were established,
the current market situation and its changing trends, assortment, quality and price parameters of the products presented on the market. The leading factors that weaken the state of stability of domestic enterprises have been identified, which remain the unstable market conditions, in particular demand, pressure from competitors, insufficiently high level of development of the industry and related types of economic activity, underdevelopment of the product sales system, lack of material and technical and technical and technological support of enterprises. It has been proven that the difficulties of the war lead to the complication of the survival conditions of economic entities and, accordingly, require greater efforts of domestic enterprises to preserve their own financial and economic stability. The structural and functional basis for improving management in the field of managing the stability of domestic enterprises in crisis conditions through the rationalization of their strategic marketing management, which involves the implementation of measures of a financial-economic, organizational-production, intellectual-personnel, and socio-economic nature, is substantiated. An aggregated structural model of anti-crisis management in the area of guaranteeing the sustainability of domestic enterprises has been developed.
Parmenides-Plato: (Musical) Ontology
Authors: Coroiu Petruța-Maria
Published: October 2024

Aurel Stroe is one of the few Romanian composers after Enescu who was privileged to extract the essence of his sonorous universe from extended cultural areas, which in fact feed the highest quality ethos. Parmenides was considered by some researchers as the first great idealist, being the first to distinguish between the material and the immaterial, specifying the fact that reality cannot be known only through the senses: this leads to the central concept of BEING, seen as immutable, eternal, unique, homogeneous and indivisible reality. Aurel Stroe insisted in his lectures and courses on the ontological identity of the work of art, being one of the few composers who discuss its being.
Sonic emotion: variability of perception based on context and state
Authors: Oltean A. , Popescu R.
Published: October 2024

The study explored the momentary emotional disposition of 71 subjects (average age 23.2 years) by exposing them to six songs from different eras. Participants were asked to describe the emotions or feelings evoked by each song immediately after listening. This process was repeated after a 4-month interval, using the same songs in the same order to assess changes in emotional perception. Results indicated that in more than half of the cases, subjects provided different responses in the two stages of the study. This phenomenon suggests that emotional reactions to the respective songs were significantly influenced by the subjects' mood at the time of listening.
An analytical look at some Romanian choral works from the First half of the XXth century
Authors: Preja R. , Moldovan E.-A.
Published: October 2024

Choral music at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century is rooted in the folk art of Romanians, an art preserved to this day in the monodic form of folk songs, peasant dances, and church melodies. Modal melodies, whether chromatic or diatonic, modal harmony and polyphony, particularly attractive heterophony, and the intense variety of timbre and rhythm are expressive means through which the choral music of this period enriches the national treasure. Music has the immense quality of being able to „absorb” the specific sensitivities of each nation, and the composers of the first half of the 20th century in Romanian choral music constitute landmarks in the national musical universe. Both their cultivated works and their folk arrangements are musical jewels of value that must be promoted.
The role of plant-derived melanin in enhancing in vitro growth and nutrient accumulation in potato varieties
Authors: Aghajanyan Armen , Mikaelyan Aram , Martirosyan Hamlet , Melyan Gayane
Published: October 2024

Background: Melanins are versatile biopolymers found in a wide range of living organisms, contributing to the diverse colors observed in nature. Beyond their pigmentation role, melanins exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antitoxic, antitumor, photoprotective, antimicrobial, and radioprotective properties. These attributes make melanins valuable in fields such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In this study, we investigated grape marc, a byproduct of wine production, as a novel source of water-soluble melanin extracted using sodium hydroxide. This approach not only repurposes agricultural waste but also explored melanin's role in optimizing in vitro plant cultivation. We evaluated the impact of melanin on the biochemical properties of potato plants, focusing on improvements in growth, rhizogenesis, and the nutritional composition of tubers.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant-derived melanin on the in vitro growth characteristics and biochemical composition of two potato varieties.
Methods: This study took place in the tissue culture laboratory at the Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology from 2021 to 2024. Apical meristems from the Nevsky and Impala potato varieties were used for in vitro regeneration. The research focused on the in vitro growth and adaptation of these plants under different melanin concentrations. Key growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and biochemical composition were analyzed to assess the impact of melanin on potato development.
Results: The study found that melanin at a concentration of 0.028% significantly enhanced the in vitro growth and rhizogenesis of potato microstems, with optimal results in root number (12.30 per shoot) and shoot length (16.91 cm). Plants also showed earlier and more vigorous root formation, resembling an auxin-like effect. Higher melanin concentrations reduced these benefits. Additionally, plants treated with 0.028% melanin had a high acclimatization success rate (96%) and improved biochemical composition in tubers, with increases in dry matter, sugars, starch, and ascorbic acid, particularly in the Nevsky variety.
Conclusion: Melanin significantly stimulated the in vitro growth and development of potato plants. Increasing melanin levels to an optimal threshold accelerated rhizogenesis and promoted vigorous root and shoot growth, evidenced by increased length and thickness. Acting similarly to auxin, melanin not only encouraged root formation but also enhanced shoot development, leading to improved plant adaptation. Additionally, melanin influenced the biochemical composition of potato tubers, including their nutritional content. These findings highlight the crucial role of melanin concentration in optimizing the growth and biochemical properties of potato varieties.
Keywords:  in vitro propagation, potato, melanin, plant adaptation, biochemical compound, micropropagation
Examinations for Vicars in the Diocese of Tarnów Between 1918 and 1939
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: October 2024

Since its inception, the Church has paid great attention to the intellectual formation of the clergy. After the reception of the Sacrament of Holy Orders, for the pastoral and intellectual formation of the clergy of the Diocese of Tarnów between 1918 and 1939, theological examinations were of vital importance and they were carried out in accordance with the dispositions of the universal legislator contained in the 1917 Code of Canon Law in Canon 130. In the period under discussion, examinations for vicars were held in August in the auditorium of the Theological Seminary in Tarnów. The examination material included dogmatic theology, moral theology, pastoral theology and canon law. This study is a contribution to the history of canon law, as the development of the institution of examinations for vicars in the Diocese of Tarnów between 1918 and 1939 has not yet been studied.