bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biopolymer Based Nano Drug Delivery for Cancer Wound Healing
Authors: Pandey Ramendra , Rathi Vipasha
Published: December 2024

Biopolymer based nano drug delivery systems are emerging and promising strategy for addressing the challenges of cancer treatment and wound healing. These natural nanocarrier like alginate, chitosan, gelation and hyaluronic acid. These nano systems offers biocompatibility, biodegradibility and reduced toxicity of the therapeutics. The nanoparticles can be loaded with growth factors which accelerating tissue These provide targeted delivery sites and also modulate the microenvironment of the tissue by sustained drug release and reducing the damage to healthy tissues, thus promoting cancer treatment and wound tissue regeneration in synergistic manner. Drug delivery system (DDS) technology include varities of approaches such as liposomes, nanofibers, inorganic and lipid nanoparticles. The focus of this chapter to provide the recent developments in biopolymer-based strategies and their applications for the future prospects for clinical implementation.
Variability of the Polar Frontal Zone Characteristics in the Northwestern Barents Sea Based on In-Situ Observations under Sea Ice Declining Conditions
Authors: Maksimovskaya Tatyana Mikhailovna , Zimin Aleksey V. Vadimovich , Atadzhanova Oksana Alisherovna , Konik Alexander Alexandrovich , Egorova Elizaveta Stanislavovna , Moiseev Denis
Published: December 2024

The results of oceanographic observations conducted on board the R/V “Dalnie Zelentsy” along the Kola Section during 2017–2023 are presented. The main focus is on the assessment of frontal zone characteristics in the northern part of the Polar Front during autumn, winter, and spring periods. To estimate sea ice anomalies, data from the World Data Center for Sea Ice (AARI WDC Sea-Ice) were used. A comparison was made between observational data from the northern section near the Marginal Ice Zone and temperature and salinity characteristics from global oceanographic databases. The comparison involved products such as MERCATOR PSY4QV3R1, CMEMS GLORYS12v1, and TOPAZ5. High-gradient zones in temperature and salinity fields were identified along all sections at varying distances from the ice edge. It was confirmed that the western Barents Sea had experienced a steady trend of sea ice cover declining over the past three decades. The northernmost frontal zone of the Polar Front in the Barents Sea, along the Kola Section axis, detected at distances of 48 to 290 km from the ice edge. Temperature gradients ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 °C/km, salinity gradients varied from 0.012 to 0.025 psu/km, and the width of the frontal zone did not exceed 55 km. The best correlation with the measurement results was observed in for the MERCATOR PSY4QV3R1 product.
Research on CFRP Defects Recognition and Localization Based on Metamaterial Sensors
Authors: Zhaoxuan Zhu , X han rui
Published: December 2024

The wide application of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP) has brought with it an urgent demand for their reliability and stability. However, considering factors such as the manufacturing process, material characteristics, and use environment, defects may exist in composite materials, posing a threat to engineering safety. Metamaterial sensors are widely used in non-destructive testing of microwave sensors due to their high resolution and high sensitivity. This paper proposes a defect identification and location method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine. The trained model is used to classify the dimensionally reduced data, and the reconstructed defect binary image is obtained. Simulation and physical experiment results show that the method used in this article can effectively identify and locate defects in carbon fiber composite materials.
Live Plague Vaccines Development: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Anisimov Andrey P. , Vagaiskaya Anastasia S. , Trunyakova Alexandra S. , Dentovskaya Svetlana V.
Published: December 2024

During the last 100 years, vaccine development has evolved from an empirical approach to one of more rational vaccine designs where careful selection of antigens and adjuvants is key to the desired efficacy for challenging pathogens and/or challenging populations. To improve immunogenicity while maintaining a favorable reactogenicity and safety profile, modern vaccine design must consider factors beyond the choice of target antigen alone. With new vaccine technologies currently emerging, it will be possible to custom-design vaccines for optimal efficacy in groups of people with different response to vaccination. It should be noted that after a rather long period of overwhelming dominance of the number of papers devoted to subunit plague vaccines, materials devoted to the development of live plague vaccines are increasingly being published. In this review, we present our opinion on reasonable tactics of development and application of live, safe and protective human plague vaccines causing sufficient duration of protection and breadth of action against various virulent strains in vaccination studies representing different age, gender and nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes responsible for immune response.
Optimization of FDM Process Parameters for Mechanical Properties of Aerospace Parts Based on Kriging and CS
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wang Yiyang , Xue Bowen , Wang Changxu , Yang Bo
Published: December 2024

3D printing, as an emerging rapid manufacturing technology, is widely used in various fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and wind power due to its ability to efficiently create parts with complex structures and integrated functions. In response to the problems of poor mechanical properties and difficulty in selecting process parameters for fused deposition modeling (FDM), this paper analyzed the principle of FDM and proposed a parameters optimization method based on Kriging and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm aimed at improving the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts. Firstly, by analyzing the FDM process principle and its main process parameters, printing speed and temperature were selected as research elements, tensile strength as the mechanical performance index, and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was integrated to complete the experiments and generate a limited sample set; Secondly, a Kriging based prediction model for mechanical properties was constructed by learning sample data, and the nonlinear mapping relationship between process parameters and tensile strength was obtained; Then, using the combinations of printing speed and printing temperature as design variables and maximizing tensile strength as optimization objective, an FDM parameters optimization model was established, and the optimal process parameters were searched by CS. Finally, experimental verification showed that the Kriging model is correct and effective, and tensile strength of parts printed under the optimal process parameters is significantly improved.
Reinforcement Neural Network-Based Grid Integrated PV System with the Battery Management System
Authors: Thajeel Salah Mahdi , Atilla Doğu Çağdaş
Published: December 2024

A Reinforcement Neural Network-Based Grid Integrated PV System with a Battery Management System (BMS) aims to enhance the efficiency and reliability of renewable energy systems. In such a setup, the photovoltaic (PV) system generates electricity, which can be used immediately, stored in batteries, or fed into the grid. The challenge lies in dynamically optimizing the power flow between these components to minimize energy costs, maximize the use of renewable energy, and maintain grid stability. Reinforcement learning (RL), combined with neural networks, offers a powerful solution by enabling the system to learn and adapt its energy management strategy in real time. The RL agent interacts with the environment (i.e., the grid, PV system, and battery), continuously improving its decisions on when to store energy, draw from the battery, and supply power to the grid. This intelligent control approach ensures optimal performance, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy system.
Optimizing Performance of Non-Salient Permanent Magnet Machines through Winding Configuration
Strategies
Authors: Farooq Aamir , Shahzad Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Non-salient permanent magnet (PM) machines exhibit remarkable characteristics,
including high power density, an impressive torque-to-inertia ratio,
and smooth operation with minimal cogging torque and torque ripples. Despite
these advantages, they are often not the preferred choice for high-speed
applications. The ability of PM machines to employ flux weakening (FW)
is closely tied to their d-axis inductance. This research presents two machine
designs that leverage a winding switching technique to achieve flux
weakening in non-salient PM machines, featuring slot per pole per phase
configurations of two and four, respectively. To optimize performance at elevated
speeds, a specialized machine design is introduced for each application.
This work introduces two innovative concepts—coil displacement and phase
swapping—that facilitate multiple wide speed range operations for a single
type of non-salient PM machine. These advancements enable the machine
to cater to diverse speed requirements without necessitating a redesign. Analytical
and simulation results have been provided to substantiate all the
aforementioned concepts. The proposed machine designs and driving mechanisms
have been successfully implemented, demonstrating that the winding
switching technique presents a viable solution for enhancing the flux weakening
capacity of non-salient PM machines. Furthermore, the introduced
concepts of coil displacement and phase swapping hold significant promise
for enabling diverse speed range operations from a single PM machine design.
These innovations can simplify and streamline the use of a single machine in
various applications with different speed requirements.
Identification of Patterns of Morphological Organization of Visual Organs at the Development of Malignant Neoplasms in Cats
Authors: Zaǐtsev Sergei
Published: December 2024

Paraneoplastic syndromes are clinical and laboratory manifestations of the tumor process. The aim of the work: to study the “morphological-functional indices” (MFIs) of organs and systems in animals in terms of the development of malignant neoplasms based on the “histological-pathological” analysis of the eyeballs after bilateral and unilateral enucleating. The study of MFIs of visual organs and systems in animals in terms of the development of malignant neoplasms was performed based on the “histological-pathological” analysis of the eyeballs after bilateral and unilateral enucleating in a total of 19 cats, admitted to a veterinary clinics in Moscow for diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations. Results: Histological changes were detected in about 37% of the cats in the studied sample with significant changes - only in the iris (cornea) of the cats in the experimental (control) group. The most sensitive of the eyeball structures in the study was the iris. In about 21% of cases, “histological-pathological” examinations established or clarified the oncological diagnosis: melanoma, lymphoma. In about 17% of cats in the experimental group, ophthalmological syndrome in the form of iris cysts, which developed against the background of oncological diseases, was histologically confirmed. Conclusions: The study of MFIs of the visual organ in terms of the development of malignant neoplasms in animals is important, since it allows not only to confirm the presence of a tumor, but also to clarify its variant and individual characteristics, which determines the treatment regimen.
Friction Behaviors and Wear Mechanisms of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites for Bridge Cable
Authors: Xian Guijun , Qi Xiao , Guo Rui , Tian Jingwei , Xiao Huigang , Li Chenggao
Published: December 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites (CFRP) have excellent properties such as anti-wear and fatigue resistance, which are expected to significantly improve the service life of structures under complex conditions. In the present paper, the friction behaviors and wear mechanisms of CFRP under complex environment of different applied loads, sliding speeds, service temperatures and water lubrication were studied and analyzed in detail. It was found that the friction and wear properties of CFRP were most sensitive to the applied loads, because the tangential displacement caused large shear stress at the friction pair interface, the serviced temperature second, and water lubrication had minimal effect. Compared with 500 g, the wear rate and scratch width of samples loaded with 2000 g increased by 155.9% and 111.0%, which was attributed to the irreversible debonding damage at the fiber/resin interface under high load friction, leading to severe delamination wear. Compared with room temperature, the wear rate of CFRP at 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ increased by 72.5% and 109.2%, which was attributed to the fact that the elevated temperature condition changed the epoxy resin from glassy to elastic state, and excessive plastic deformation led to fatigue wear of CFRP. In addition, the sliding speed and water lubrication had an insignificant effect on the friction coefficient of CFRP (less than 20%), especially under the 60 ℃ water lubrication condition, and it was only 13.4%. This was because the lubrication functions and heat dissipation of water molecules alleviated the friction state of CFRP/ball interface, and only slight abrasive wear occurred. The wear rate of CFRP at 120 mm/s was 77.9% higher than that at 60 mm/s, which was attributed to the large rate difference resulting in uncoordinated deformation of the CFRP surface and subsurface, resulting in adhesive wear.
Real-World Efficacy and Safety of DOACs vs Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism Obese Patients: Propensity Matching Analysis
Authors: Algethami Abdulaziz , Ahmed Amjad M , Ardah Husam , Alsalamah Seham , Alhabs Ghadah , Al Fraihi Ghadah , Alenazi Shahad , Alharbi Hend
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in obese patients is scarcely studied despite having many advantages over warfarin. Consequently, this study aims to assess the real‐world safety and effectiveness of DOACs compared to warfarin in treating atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in obese patients. Methods: A brief description of the main methods or treatments applied. This can include any relevant preregistration or specimen information. Results: We identified 959 patients treated with either a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) (519) or warfarin (440). Their average age was 76, with a mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 4.9 ± 1.97. Compared to warfarin, DOAC therapy was correlated with a lower incidence of all‐cause mortality (21.2% vs. 32.9%, p<0.001). The incidence of stroke (4.0% vs. 4.9%, p=0.507), venous thromboembolism (VTE) (1.9% vs. 3.1%, p=0.269), and a trend to lower bleeding events (4.2% vs. 6.8%, p=0.099). Even when adjusting for additional risk factors, there is a trend to a lower risk of mortality associated with DOAC usage compared to warfarin, though the adjusted hazard ratio was statistically insignificant (0.780; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.02; p=0.069). Conclusions: Compared to warfarin, the efficacy of DOAC therapy was similar, while its safety wasoutstanding in obese patients with non‐valvular AF or VTE. Therefore, considering DOACs as analternative to warfarin in obese patients would be logical.
Exploring the ESG reporting: A Bibliometric Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Chbihi Kaddouri Hicham , Kadous Mohamed
Published: December 2024

ESG reporting has attracted a lot of attention during the past several decades. However, bibliometric analysis on this topic remains limited. This paper aims to advance our understanding of ESG reporting, to cluster and map academic literature connected with ESG reporting and to attempt to give a research agenda for future research. We undertake a bibliometric analysis review of the current literature to discover present and future research directions of ESG reporting. In this study, the authors used datasets from the Web of Science (WoS) database, covering 869 research papers from 2014 to 2024 and using the Bibliometrix package also known as “Bibliometrix 3.0” or “Biblioshiny”. Bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of a certain field, such as authorship trends, geographical spread, research importance, influential authors and publications, new concepts, and emerging ideas. This research has implications for both scientific researchers and corporate world.
Advances in Optical Contrast Agents for Medical Imaging: Fluorescent Probes and Molecular Imaging
Authors: Tripathi Divya , Hardaniya Mayurakshi , Maity Dipak
Published: December 2024

Optical imaging is an excellent non-invasive method for viewing visceral organs and, above all, safer as compared to ionizing radiation-based methods like x-rays. By making use of the properties of photons, this technique generates high-resolution images of cells, molecules, organs, and tissues using visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. This makes the technique useful for repeated applications in monitoring the progression of the disease and responses to treatment without having exposure of a significant amount of radiation to the patient. Recent advancements have been made in optical contrast agents, particularly in fluorescent probes that have significantly enhanced the capabilities in optical imaging. These probes can selectively target specified biomarkers, thereby allowing for molecular imaging with the possibility of early detection of abnormalities. In this article, the latest developments in the area of optical contrast agents are overviewed for their applications in medical imaging and in revolutionizing diagnostics and therapeutics. This work therefore explores the frontiers of fluorescent probes and molecular imaging to accelerate the translation of optical imaging into clinical practice for improved patient outcomes and transformation of the landscape of medical imaging.
Vitamin A – Part 1 “Vitamin A: From the Discovery, Establishment and Definition of Vitamins in General to the Embedding of a New Vitamin in Existing Regulations in Particular"
Authors: Rühl Ralph , Bohn Torsten , Rohn Sascha , Böhm Volker
Published: December 2024

With a new vitamin on the horizon, it is first necessary to clarify what the basic definition of vitamins is. What is a vitamin? Which institutions are generally responsible for officially recognizing the status of a vitamin and which legal basis should be used if necessary? How were other vitamins identified and established as essential nutrients in the last century? And specifically in this case: What is vitamin A? What are the defined biological functions of vitamin A? In this article, the basics and definitions are summarized in a historical context, with relevance for the discovery, establishment and categorization of a new vitamin concept.
Assessment of Skills of Caregivers Providing Care for Stroke Patients in East Kazakhstan Region
Authors: Kairatova Gulnaz K , Khismetova Zaituna A. , Smailova Dariga S. , Serikova-Esengeldina Dinara S , Berikuly Duman , Akhmetova Kamila M. , Shalgumbayeva Gulnar Metallovna
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the lives of people after stroke and the characteristics of care management after discharge from hospital to home. The study aimed to identify caregiving difficulties and to assess mastery of skills in implementing recovery activities at home.
Study design: This was a cross-sectional study.
Methods: As part of the study, we interviewed 205 relatives caring for stroke survivors. Descriptive statistics: frequencies, mean, medians, standard deviations were calculated.
Results: Caregivers determined that the main actions are aimed at restoring motor activity 58% (p≤0.021) and the difficulties they most often encounter during caregiving are difficulties related to obtaining information from medical personnel, or not understanding the information received in persons under 50 years of age was 47.9%, while in persons over 50 years of age this indicator was 49.5%. The emotional state of the relative is closely interrelated with the state of the patient. Persons with higher education are more resistant to these changes related to the patient's health.
Conclusion:The results of this study provide a focus on the essentials of home care and will help improve patient safety and reduce re-hospitalizations in this population, which in turn will improve the effectiveness of informal care.
Numerical Modeling of CO2 Reduction Reaction in a Batch-Cell with Different Working Electrodes
Authors: Ijaz Ahmad , Mostafayi SeyedSepehr , Esmaeilirad Mohammadreza , Asadi Mohammad , Abbasian Javad , Arastoopour Hamid
Published: December 2024

Batch-cell provides a quick way to test the performance of an electrochemical catalyst. A fundamental understanding of physics behind the batch-cell operation could shed light on parameters that either could be fine-tuned to get the desired performance, or by careful optimization, overall performance of the batch-cell could be improved. Therefore, a 1-D numerical model is developed to study the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) in a batch-cell with three different working electrode configurations: solid electrode (SE), gas diffusion layer electrode (GDLE), and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Experimental results of two Cu-based catalysts are used to obtain the electrochemical kinetic parameters, and to validate the numerical model. Simulation results demonstrate that, both gas diffusion layer electrode, and glassy carbon electrode with porous catalyst layer (CL) have a superior performance over solid electrode in terms of total current density (TCD). Furthermore, we studied the impact of key parameters of batch-cell with glassy carbon electrode such as boundary layer thickness, catalyst layer thickness, catalyst layer porosity, electrolyte nature, and strength of an electrolyte on total current density at a fixed applied cathodic potential of -1.0 V vs RHE.
HBc Induces HCC Progression via lncRNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-335-5p/CDC7 Axis
Authors: Kong Xinyi , Liu Yang , Yu Xin , Qiao Jie , Yang Kaming , Li Zhenlin , Wu Yiling , Lao Wanwen , Li Yuetong , Lin Yiqi , Zhang Yanping , Bi Changlong , Zhai Aixia
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of HCC progression. Despite significant advancements, the precise mechanisms through which lncRNAs modulate gene expression in HCC remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation. Through analysis of differentially expressed (DE) genes in HCC and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-335-5p/cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) axis as a pivotal regulatory axis in HCC. Functional studies revealed that KCNQ1OT1 improves CDC7 expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that sponges miR-335-5p, thereby promoting HCC proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR-335-5p counteracted the inhibitory effects of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown on HCC malignant behaviors, while CDC7 upregulation enhanced proliferation and migration. Notably, we demonstrated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its core protein (HBc) induce KCNQ1OT1 expression, thereby activating the KCNQ1OT1/miR-335-5p/CDC7 axis to drive HCC progression. Furthermore, these findings highlight a critical mechanistic link between HBV infection and HCC malignancy, mediated by the KCNQ1OT1/miR-335-5p/CDC7 axis. Targeting this axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC, particularly in HBV-positive patients.
Microwave-Assisted Interzeolite Transformations
Authors: Ferdov Stanislav
Published: December 2024

Zeolite crystallization involves complex and overlapping kinetic and thermodynamic processes, posing significant challenges to achieving precise control, especially during short crystallization periods. Microwave-assisted heating has proven effective in acceleration of zeolite crystallization from gel growth media, but its application to synthesis by interzeolite transformations is unknown. Herein, microwave-assisted heating is introduced as a method for interzeolite transformation demonstrating transformation of FAU zeolite to CAN, ANA, EDI, and MER zeolites. The microwave approach ensures interzeolite transformations within 5-10 min, which is tenths of times faster than transformations by conventional heating. This work also shows how at identical synthesis conditions the concentration of KOH directs the structure of the run product. Furthermore, the temperature control of the interzeolite transformation allows the production of pseudomorphic hierarchical particles of FAU zeolite in just 10 min without using any templating additives.
Classical Waves and Instabilities Using the Minimalist Approach
Authors: Vlahakis Nektarios
Published: December 2024

The minimalist approach in the study of perturbations in fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics consists in describing their evolution in the linear regime using a single first-order ordinary differential equation, dubbed principal equation. The dispersion relation is found from the requirement the solution of the principal equation to be continuous and satisfy certain boundary conditions in each specific problem. The formalism is presented for flows in cartesian geometry and applied to classical cases, such as the magnetosonic and gravity waves, the Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. For the latter we discuss the influence of compressibility and the magnetic field, and also derive analytical expressions for the growth rates in the case of two fluids with the same characteristics.
Detection of Kelch13 and Coronin Genes in Colpodella sp. Atcc 50594
Authors: Sam-Yellowe Tobili Y , Roy Antara , Nims Trinity , Quaderi Sona , Peterson John
Published: December 2024

Colpodella species are predatory biflagellates phylogenetically related to pathogenic Apicomplexans like Plasmodium spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Babesia spp. and Theilaria spp. Colpodella species have been reported in human and animal infections. Trophozoites of Colpodella sp. ATCC 50594 obtain nutrients through myzocytosis and endocytosis. Following attachment of Colpodella sp. to its prey Parabodo caudatus, cytoplasmic contents of the prey are aspirated into a posterior food vacuole that initiates encystation. Unattached trophozoites also endocytose nutrients as demonstrated by the uptake of 40 and 100 nm nanoparticles. Cytochalasin D treatment was shown to distort the tubular tether formed during myzocytosis showing that actin plays a role in myzocytosis. Markers associated with myzocytosis, endocytosis and food vacuole formation are unknown. Furthermore, the relationship between the model Colpodella sp. ATCC 50594 and Colpodella sp. identified in arthropods, human and animal hosts are unknown. In this study we investigated the conservation of the coronin and Kelch 13 genes in Colpodella sp. ATCC 50594 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Kelch 13 distribution in Colpodella sp. ATCC 50594 life cycle stages was investigated using anti-Kelch 13 antibodies by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Both genes were amplified from genomic DNA extracted from diprotist culture containing Colpodella sp. and P. caudatus but not from monoprotist culture containing P. caudatus alone. We amplified DNA encoding 18s rRNA with similarity to 18s rRNA amplified using piroplasm primers from the Italian Colpodella sp. identified in cattle and ticks. Detection of the coronin and Kelch genes in Colpodella sp. provides for the first time markers for actin binding and endocytosis in Colpodella species that can be investigated further to gain important insights into the mechanisms of myzocytosis, endocytosis and food vacuole formation in Colpodella sp.
Lipocalin 2 in Obesity and Diabetes: Insights into Its Role in Energy Metabolism
Authors: Lindstrom Erik , Deis Jessica , Bernlohr David A , Chen Xiaoli
Published: December 2024

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is a 25 kDa protein involved in immune defense, inflammation, and metabolism. LCN2 is widely expressed across various tissues, including immune cells, bone, adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, lung, spleen, and epithelial cells, and exhibits sex- and fat depot-specific expression patterns. Structurally, LCN2 contains a hydrophobic lipid-binding pocket and glycosylation sites, enabling it to interact with diverse ligands and form dimers. In innate immunity, LCN2 plays a critical role by sequestering iron-laden siderophores, thereby restricting bacterial growth. Beyond its role in infection control, LCN2 is implicated in metabolic inflammation and diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Recent research has highlighted a pivotal role for LCN2 in mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. In metabolic diseases and mitochondrial metabolism, LCN2 appears to display paradoxical effects. While some studies link it to improved insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function, others associate it with insulin resistance, obesity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These inconsistencies may arise from differences in experimental conditions and study populations. This review provides an up-to-date summary of LCN2’s multifaceted roles in obesity, diabetes, energy balance, and mitochondrial function, emphasizing its context-dependent effects. LCN2 appears to have dual roles, exerting both protective and detrimental outcomes depending on the physiological or pathological context, sex, cell types, and experimental conditions. Further research is necessary to unravel its complex functions and resolve conflicting findings, particularly in metabolic disorders.
Conditional Outcomes of Silicon to Insect Herbivore Guilds and Plant Induced Defense
Authors: Demetrio Guilherme Ramos , Venâncio Henrique , Batista Janaina Correa , Santos Jean Carlos
Published: December 2024

Silicon (Si) is a well-known plant defense element, often enhancing resistance to herbivory by strengthening cell walls and deterring feeding by external herbivores. However, its impact on internal, endophytic herbivores, such as gall-inducing insects, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of silicon in Bauhinia brevipes, focusing on its effects on herbivory by insects. We hypothesize that while silicon strengthens plant tissues and reduces feeding by external herbivores, it may have a limited effect on internal feeders, such as gall-inducing insects. Our results demonstrate that silicon accumulation in leaves significantly reduces herbivory by chewing insects but has no direct effect on the occurrence of gall-inducing insects. Silicon content in galled tissues was lower compared to healthy leaves, suggesting that gall-inducing insects may manipulate silicon distribution to mitigate its defensive effects. Our results indicate that hypersensitivity reactions were positively influenced by silicon, highlighting the role of this element in enhancing localized defense mechanisms. Our findings reveal silicon’s tissue-specific roles in plant defense, emphasizing the need for more research on its nuanced interactions with endophytic herbivores and implications for ecological applications. This research contributes to the literature on silicon's multifaceted role in plant-herbivore interactions and its potential applications in sustainable pest management.
Imaging Flow Cytometry in HIV Infection Research: Advantages and Opportunities
Authors: Elfimov Kirill Artemovich , Baboshko Dmitriy Alexeyevich , Gashnikova Natalya Matveevna
Published: December 2024

A variety of approaches and methodologies are employed for the study of HIV infection, including techniques from molecular and cellular biology. Many of these methods utilize fluorochromes to visualize the objects of interest. This article explores specific applications of a technique for detecting fluorescent signals known as imaging flow cytometry. A distinctive feature of imaging flow cytometry is its capacity to produce images of each recorded event.
Coastal Environments: LiDAR Mapping Of Copper Tailings Impacts, Particle Retention, Leaching, And Toxicity
Authors: Kerfoot W. Charles , Swain Gary , Regis Robert , Raman Varsha K. , Brooks Colin N. , Cook Chris , Reif Molly K.
Published: December 2024

Tailings generated by mining account for the largest world-wide waste from industrial activities. Copper is relatively uncommon, with low concentrations in sediments and waters, yet is very elevated around mining operations. On the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, USA, jutting out into Lake Superior, 140 mines extracted native copper from the Portage Lake Volcanic Series, part of an intercontinental rift system. Between 1901-1932, two mills at Gay (Mohawk, Wolverine) sluiced 22.7 million metric tonnes (MMT) of copper-rich tailings (stamp sands) into Grand (Big) Traverse Bay. About 10 MMT formed a beach that has migrated 7 km from the original Gay pile to the Traverse River Seawall. Another 11 MMT are moving underwater along the coastal shelf, threatening Buffalo Reef, an important lake trout and whitefish breeding ground. Aerial photos, multiple ALS (airplane) LiDAR/MSS surveys, and recent UAS (unmanned drone) overflights document coastal tailings dispersal. Because natural beach quartz and basalt stamp sands are silicates of similar size and density, percentage stamp sand determinations are aided by microscopic procedures. Stamp sand beaches contrast greatly with natural sand beaches in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Dispersing stamp sand particles retain copper, and release toxic concentrations. Copper leaching is elevated by exposure to high DOC and low pH waters, characteristic of beach stream and riparian environments. Lab and field toxicity experiments, plus benthic sampling, all confirm serious impacts of tailings on aquatic organisms, supporting removal. Not only should mining companies end coastal discharges, they should adopt the UNEP “Global Tailings Management Standard for the Mining Industry”.
Sustainable Remediation of Polluted Soils from the Oil Industry Using Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Iorga Cristian Mugurel , Georgescu Lucian Puiu , Ungureanu Constantin , Stancu Mihaela Marilena
Published: December 2024

Soil pollution with hydrocarbons is a consequence of the activity of the oil industry and other related fields of activity. The effects of oil pollution are devastating; therefore, the remediation of polluted sites is mandatory. For this reason, soil decontamination is a major and expensive problem for the oil industry. The article proposes a dual-recovery bioremediation solution that is efficient and inexpensive. The possibility of using sludge resulting from municipal wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of soils contaminated with petroleum was studied. During the bioremediation experiment, the variation over time of the density of indigenous bacteria present in the mixtures of contaminated soil and sewage sludge, in various proportions was followed, simultaneously with the decrease in the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. In parallel, the evolution of other pollutants from the two environments was analyzed, such as heavy metals (ICP - MS), etc. The study also includes geotechnical tests for returning the soil after bioremediation to the original locations. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the proposed method can simultaneously solve both the problem of remediation of soils polluted with petroleum products (hazardous waste) and the recovery of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
A Comparative Study of Sound Resonance Using Arduino-Based Ultrasonic Sensors and Visualization Analysis with Python
Authors: Iskandar Feri , Pramudya Yudhiakto
Published: December 2024

In the modern era, the study of sound resonance in physics laboratories has increasingly incorporated technological tools to improve the experimental process. While conventional approaches to resonance experiments remain common, they often face challenges related to equipment setup and limited real-time data analysis. This research compares conventional methods with Arduino-based techniques, combined with Python for data visualization and analysis, in sound resonance experiments. The integration of Arduino microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors offers a more accessible and streamlined alternative to conventional resonance measurement techniques, facilitating improved data collection and interpretation. Data is gathered using PLX DAQ software connected to the Arduino system, with the results visualized and analyzed using Python tools. The experiments show that the average air column length when the water in the reservoir was lowered is 16.10 cm, with an error of 3.04%, and when the water was raised, the average length is 15.60 cm, with an error of 5.98%. A 512 Hz sound source was used to determine the fundamental frequency, revealing slight variations due to changes in the measurement distance. Specifically, the fundamental frequency was recorded as (528 ± 5) Hz when the water level was lowered and (545 ± 8) Hz when it was raised. This study highlights the positive role of technology in enhancing physics education and research, particularly in sound resonance studies.
La construcción del sujeto y del no-sujeto
Authors: Peña Bañuelos Joel
Published: December 2024

Ciudad Juárez es uno de los recintos migratorios más importantes del país. Hay diversos espacios en donde se desarrollan puntos de encuentro con el “otro”, pero también existe una violencia ejercida por los mismos habitantes que es basada en una negación. Distintas fuerzas sociales, ya sean culturales, políticas, económicas, entre otras, se ven inmiscuidas; además, dicha negación es fundada en no considerar al migrante como ser humano, es decir, verlo como un no-sujeto.
Activity Cliff-Informed Contrastive Learning for Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Shen Wanxiang , Cui Chao , Su Xiaorui , Zhang Zaixi , Arce Alejandro Velez , Wang Jianming , Shi Xiangcheng , Zhang Yanbing , Wu Jie , Chen Yu Zong , Zitnik Marinka
Published: December 2024

Modeling molecular activity and quantitative structure-activity relationships of chemical compounds is critical in drug design. Graph neural networks, which utilize molecular structures as frames, have shown success in assessing the biological activity of chemical compounds, guiding the selection and optimization of candidates for further development. However, current models often overlook activity cliffs (ACs)—cases where structurally similar molecules exhibit different bioactivities—due to latent spaces primarily optimized for structural features. Here, we introduce AC-awareness (ACA), an inductive bias designed to enhance molecular representation learning for activity modeling. The ACA jointly optimizes metric learning in the latent space and task performance in the target space, making models more sensitive to ACs. We develop ACANET, an AC-informed contrastive learning approach that can be integrated with any graph neural network. Experiments on 39 benchmark datasets demonstrate that AC-informed representations of chemical compounds consistently outperform standard models in bioactivity prediction across both regression and classification tasks. AC-informedmodels show strong performance in predicting pharmacokinetic and safety-relevant molecular properties. ACA paves the way toward activity-informed molecular representations, providing a valuable tool for the early stages of lead compound identification, refinement, and virtual screening.
WITHDRAWN: Microaneurysm Detection in fundus images using Convolutional with Lite Transformer Network
Authors: A Jayachandran
Published: December 2024

4 December, 2024. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint after verification of overlap with another author's unpublished work.
Antibiotic amoxicillin degradation by electrochemical oxidation process: Effects of process parameters and degradation pathway at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Kanwar Bhavana , Koli Mitil , Singh Swatantra P.
Published: December 2024

Amoxicillin (AMX) is a common antibiotic used in both human and veterinary medicine in order to both cure and avoid bacterial infections. Traces of AMX have been found in ground and surface water, urban effluents, water, and wastewater treatment facilities due to its widespread use. The level of hazard and disposal of this class of micropollutants is the reason for concern. Advanced technology is required since conventional wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at eliminating these emerging contaminants. Electrochemical oxidation is a promising method of treating wastewater, which uses electrogenerated radicals to mineralize organic pollutants. This work investigated the detailed process mechanism for AMX degradation utilizing a low-cost, thin, flexible graphite sheet with lower AMX concentrations, initial pH value, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and wastewater matrix. The degradation of AMX by in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals is a function of applied voltage and follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The removal efficiencies of AMX have been achieved up to 99% within 3 hours of reaction time. Moreover, intermediate by-products have been identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a plausible pathway has been proposed. This study could serve as a process reference for controlling AMX wastewater contamination via the electrochemical oxidation technique.
Health burdens related to emission sources and cross-provincial air pollution in China
Authors: Hu Weiyang , Zheng Bo , Henze Daven K. , Lu Ni , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Lin , Fu Tzung-May , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2024

Effective abatement of air-pollution-induced health damages requires comprehensive understanding on the changing roles of individual sources and cross-regional transport. Here, we estimate premature mortality attributable to specific source categories, precursor species, and regions within mainland China. We find that the marginal national premature deaths, dominated by PM2.5 exposure, have declined from 151,842 per 10% growth of emissions in 2013 to 111,271 in 2020, and would further to 54,293 in 2035 following a carbon peaking and carbon neutrality pathway. The impacts of certain species-category combinations have grown including NOX from industrial combustion and off-road traffic. The proportions of cross-provincial to marginal health burden have remained stable around 50%. Provinces with net exporting of premature deaths were intensively located in the north of China while those with net importing were in the south. Our findings highlight the need for a location-precursor/sector-specific strategy of emission controls in China’s public health regulatory framework.
Shallow groundwater near a deep-well CO2 storage site – 15 years of stable water quality for agricultural use
Authors: Zhou Zibo , Zhang Kexin , Callahan Damien L. , Timms Wendy
Published: December 2024

Injecting CO2 into deep geological formations can be an effective carbon-removal and storage technology to mitigate global climate change. Interaction of injected CO2 with rock formations changes pH and hydrochemistry within the deep injection zone (> 800 m depth). However, cap rocks and multiple tight aquitards typically act as barriers to protect the shallow aquifer from changes in the injection zone. Monitoring and evaluation of shallow groundwater quality is essential to verify that carbon capture storage projects (CCS) do not impact the near-surface environment. This study investigated shallow groundwater quality using long-term data (2006–2023) from a regular monitoring program at the Otway International Test Centre (OITC) in Victoria, Australia. It was found that shallow groundwater quality was stable over at least 15 years, during which time three phases of CO2 injection into a deep storage zone occurred. The results highlighted groundwater quality complied with guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Australian water quality guidelines. Minor and localized changes observed in salinity or pH in shallow monitoring piezometers were caused by natural processes. Moreover, a wide range of groundwater quality indicators were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the groundwater quality of shallow aquifers (< 80 m) at OITC is suitable for agriculture. The study provides assurance and confidence to stakeholders that the quality of the near-surface environment has not been impacted by CO2 injection into confined formations and no pollution has been detected. Although numerous CCS sites around the world are subject to monitoring, no evidence of changes in shallow groundwater quality has been reported that could be traced to CO2 injection in confined formations at > 800 m depth.
Exploring the Hurdles of Implementing National School Health Policy in Namibian Schools: Insights from Stakeholders
Authors: Katangolo-Nakashwa Ndasilohenda , Mfidi Faniswa Honest
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study delves into stakeholder perspectives on the challenges of implementing Namibia's National School Health Policy (NSHP) in schools. The primary goal of the NSHP is to nurture a healthy future generation by enhancing the social, mental, and physical well-being of teachers, staff, and students. The study assesses the policy's impact on health, school attendance, academic performance, and the overall well-being of the school community. Through semi-structured interviews with 20 stakeholders from three regions - Khomas, Oshana, and Kavango in Namibia, including educators, nurses, principals, and health program administrators, the study uncovers key implementation barriers, such as staffing shortages, inadequate resources, and limited student awareness of their health rights.
A GIS-Based Comparative Study of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Frequency Ratio, and Logistic Regression Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping along the Gilgit-Skardu Road
Authors: ALI MUHAMMAD , ASGHAR HUSSAIN , HUSSAIN SAJID , HUSSAIN ZAHID
Published: December 2024

The Gilgit-Skardu road, located in the northern region of Pakistan, traverses a seismically active area due to the ongoing collision between the Eurasian and Indian Plates. This mountainous terrain is particularly susceptible to landslides, necessitating the creation of a landslide susceptibility map for effective hazard management. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive landslide inventory and utilized three GIS-based models—Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Logistic Regression (LR)—to identify areas at risk of landslides. Twelve causative factors were analyzed, including slope degree, aspect, plane curvature, profile curvature, proximity to roads, distance to streams, fault lines, geology, land cover, rainfall, elevation, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The study focused on delineating landslide-prone zones along the Gilgit-Skardu road. The susceptibility assessment was conducted using the three aforementioned GIS-based models, integrating remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The final susceptibility maps were generated based on a landslide inventory comprising 99 active landslides in the region. The AHP, FR, and LR models were evaluated for their predictive accuracy and ability to correlate landslide occurrences with the causative factors. Model performance was assessed using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, yielding AUC values of 74.96%, 74.16%, and 83.11% for the AHP, FR, and LR models, respectively. The LR model demonstrated superior predictive capability. This optimized landslide susceptibility model offers valuable insights for disaster mitigation and supports authorities in managing development programs in this vulnerable region.